bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of the dynamic yarn path depending on spindle speed in a ring spinning process
Authors: Hossain Mahmud , Telke Christian , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri , Beitelschmidt Michael
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the distribution of yarn tension and the balloon shape as a function of spindle speed in the ring spinning process. The dynamic yarn path from the delivery rollers to the winding point on the cop has been described with a non-linear differential equation system. These equations have been integrated with a Runge–Kutta method using MATLAB software. Since the numerical solution of the equations strongly depends on initial values, an algorithm of sensitivity analysis has been developed to predict the right choice of initial values in order to find a stable solution. For model validation purposes, the yarn tension has been measured between delivery rollers and yarn guide. Furthermore, a high-speed camera has been used to capture the balloon shape at different spindle angular velocities in order to compare the theoretically determined balloon shape with the one that actually occurs on the machine.
The cellulose protection agent used in the oxidation degumming of ramie
Authors: Meng Chaoran , Liu Fengming , Li Zhaoling , Yu Chongwen
Published: September 2015

In this paper, anthraquinone was used to improve the properties of ramie fiber in oxidation degumming. The chemical components, structure properties, tensile properties of degummed fiber and the character of oxidation degumming solution were tested and analyzed. With the optimal dosage of anthraquinone (2% (o.w.f.)), the content of hemicellulose, the yield of degumming process, polymerization degree and the work of rupture of the degummed fiber were improved by 17.3%, 7%, 2% and 41%, respectively. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value of the degumming solution was also tested, with the addition of anthraquinone, and the ORP value decreased by 250 mV, which is of benefit for the properties of fiber.
A Dexterous Optional Randomized Response Model
Authors: Tarray Tanveer A. , Singh Housila P. , Yan Zaizai
Published: September 2015

This article addresses the problem of estimating the proportion π S of the population belonging to a sensitive group using optional randomized response technique in stratified sampling based on Mangat model that has proportional and Neyman allocation and larger gain in efficiency. Numerically, it is found that the suggested model is more efficient than Kim and Warde stratified randomized response model and Mangat model.
In Defense of Workplace Democracy
Authors: Landemore Hélène , Ferreras Isabelle
Published: September 2015

In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, an important conceptual battleground for democratic theorists ought to be, it would seem, the capitalist firm. We are now painfully aware that the typical model of government in so-called investor-owned companies remains profoundly oligarchic, hierarchical, and unequal. Renewing with the literature of the 1970s and 1980s on workplace democracy, a few political theorists have started to advocate democratic reforms of the workplace by relying on an analogy between firm and state. To the extent that a firm is an organization comparable to the state, it too ought to be ruled along democratic lines. Our paper tests the robustness of the analogy between firm and state by considering six major objections to it: (1) the objection from a difference in ends, (2) the objection from shareholders’ property rights, (3) the objection from worker’s consent, (4) the objection from workers’ exit opportunities, (5) the objection from workers’ (lack of) expertise, and (6) the objection from the fragility of firms. We find all of these objections wanting. While the paper does not ambition to settle the issue of workplace democracy at once, our goal is to pave the way for a more in-depth study of the ways in which firms and states can be compared and the possible implications this may have for our understanding of the nature of managerial authority and the governance of firms.
Message processes and their associations with adolescents’ executive function and reports of bullying
Authors: Crowley John P. , Harvey-Knowles Jacquelyn A. , Riggs Nathaniel R.
Published: September 2015

Substantial research has identified the negative health outcomes associated with bullying for adolescent victims. Researchers have examined expressive writing as a possible method by which to decrease violence among adolescents. Results of these studies, however, suggest that expressive writing is associated with positive, negative, and neutral outcomes for adolescents. The present study had two aims related to these mixed findings. First, it sought to investigate the association between micro- and macro-level message processes that relate with self-regulation in adolescent writings about bullying and their reports of bullying behavior. Second, it examined whether executive function processes may play a role in explaining the inconsistent results for expressive writing among adolescents. Results identify several message processes that are linked with reports of bullying behavior directly as well as indirectly through the pathway of executive function. Implications for expressive writing interventions aimed at reducing bullying are discussed, particularly with respect to the importance of screening for executive function.
Development as Imperialism
Authors: MacNeill Tim
Published: September 2015

The Garifuna people of Trujillo, Honduras, wryly call it la maldición—the curse. Despite the expansive resources of the area and the sheer amount of valuable commodities that have left from its shores, most of the local people remain poor, with little access to sanitation, reliable electricity, literacy, security, or employment. This study explores the ways in which private tourism development projects conspire with national and international politics and economics to perpetuate la maldición. An analysis of 40 qualitative interviews, three focus groups, and survey data from the Trujillo area is combined with secondary historical, economic, and political data regarding the national and international processes in which local dynamics are embedded. Although past research has shown it to be possible for development projects to be designed in a way that benefits indigenous populations, in the case of Trujillo, Honduras, macroimperial, mesoimperial and microimperial processes conspire to assure that such projects exploit and marginalize instead of include and benefit local people.
Effect of Experiential Value on Consumer-Based Brand Equity: An Interactive Device Perspective
Authors: Mishra Abhishek
Published: September 2015

With every product we buy, there is an associated experience. The better the experiences, the better a user feels about his/her decision to buy and use the product; and the feelings do not stay with the product. They are indeed transferred as brand associations and imagery with the brand of the product, defined as brand equity in the marketing literature. Positive brand equity is critical for the success of a brand as it creates repeat transaction of the user with the manufacturer. It is in this context that this study attempts to understand the relation between different components of user experience and brand equity. Intrinsic and extrinsic values have been taken as components of user experience while association, perceived quality, perceived value, trust and loyalty are elements of brand equity. All the relationships between the different constructs of experience and brand equity were found significant. We also found significant evidence for the hierarchical formation of both user experience and brand equity. The study contributes to the literature of brand experience and how it is critical for brand equity and for the consumer. For marketers, we establish how important it is for them to provide a positive user experiences for their brands to be successful. A proper mix of intrinsic and extrinsic consumption values to the consumer will go every length to convince him/her to stay with the brand.
Understanding humans in the Anthropocene: Finding answers in geoengineering and Transition Towns
Authors: Martindale Leigh
Published: September 2015

This paper argues that the approaches to global environmental change engendered by conventional environmental discourse have undermined the radical connotations of the Anthropocene. Taking direction from Clark’s (2013, Geoengineering and geologic politics. Environment and Planning A 45(12): 2825–2832; 2014, Geo-politics and the disaster of the Anthropocene. The Sociological Review 62: 19–37) concept of geological politics, this paper attempts to rescue the discourses surrounding geoengineering and Transition Towns from dated environmental understandings. By demonstrating how our understanding of a human being-in-the-world can change in the Anthropocene, this paper argues that an experimental and material form of politics needs to shape the agenda of social scientists. Using this experimental perspective, this paper offers the creative example of how Transition Towns may become concordant with local geoengineering practices. Using this example to highlight how environmental discourse in the Anthropocene needs to encompass cross-societal formation with the more-than-human elements of our planet, this paper argues for material experimentation that concerns community participation and socio-technical innovation.
Mapping the historic city: Mapmaking, preservation zoning, and violence
Authors: Rugkhapan Napong Tao
Published: September 2015

The paper presents a critique of the cartographic construction of Rattanakosin City, the historic district of Bangkok, Thailand. Drawing on critical cartography literature, I argue that Rattanakosin City has emerged from a particular intersection between cartography and historic preservation as the former is used to legitimize the latter. The paper explores how geometric lines, boundaries, and colored zones have been deployed in constructing Rattanakosin as central and as whole. The paper goes on to show that this particular cartographic construction has a hegemonic potential as it is a double silencing that eclipses outside historical geographies, while silencing and subsuming those inside under the category of “historic preservation” landuse.
Inclusions, erasures and emergences in an indigenous landscape: Participatory cartographies and the makings of affective place in the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
Authors: Sletto Bjørn
Published: September 2015

The post-representational critique in critical cartography has conceptualized maps as ontologically unstable, subject to re-makings through performative engagements between the map artifact, map makers, and map consumers. This insight has important implications for participatory cartographies, that is, the sorts of mapping projects which, through strategies of inclusion of indigenous spatialities erased from official maps, aim to produce counter-representations of indigenous landscapes which may serve political and emancipatory goals. Such participatory mapping practices have been critiqued for their own erasures, as meaningful, affective places are subsumed within Cartesian grids. However, an ethnographic study of a participatory mapping project in Yukpa indigenous territory in the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela, suggests that such maps are not secure representations despite erasures of affective space. Instead, they are emergent mappings subject to the agency of performance.
Inferring individual daily activities from mobile phone traces: A Boston example
Authors: Diao Mi , Zhu Yi , Ferreira Joseph , Ratti Carlo
Published: September 2015

Understanding individual daily activity patterns is essential for travel demand management and urban planning. This research introduces a new method to infer individuals’ activities from their mobile phone traces. Using Metro Boston as an example, we develop an activity detection model with travel diary surveys to reveal the common laws governing individuals’ activity participation, and apply the modeling results to mobile phone traces to extract the embedded activity information. The proposed approach enables us to spatially and temporally quantify, visualize, and examine urban activity landscapes in a metropolitan area and provides real-time decision support for the city. This study also demonstrates the potential value of combining new “big data” such as mobile phone traces and traditional travel surveys to improve transportation planning and urban planning and management.
Online task planning and control for fuel-constrained aerial robots in wind fields
Authors: Yoo Chanyeol , Fitch Robert , Sukkarieh Salah
Published: September 2015

Real-world applications of aerial robots must consider operational constraints such as fuel level during task planning. This paper presents an algorithm for automatically synthesising a continuous non-linear flight controller given a complex temporal logic task specification that can include contingency planning rules. Our method is a hybrid controller where fuel level is treated continuously in the low-level and symbolically in the high-level. The low-level controller assumes the availability of a set of point-estimates of wind velocity and builds a continuous interpolation using Gaussian process regression. Fuel burn and aircraft dynamics are modelled under physically realistic assumptions. Our algorithm is efficient and we show empirically that it is feasible for online execution and replanning. We present several extended simulation examples of navigation in a wind field and surveillance with fuel constraints, including two different implementations of the low-level controller and also an example where the wind field varies over time.
Evaluation of laboratory critical serum potassium values and their association with clinical symptoms in Chinese Han patients
Authors: Zhou Fangman , Zhao Bihui , Gu Dalei
Published: September 2015

Objectives

A retrospective, observational study to evaluate the association between critical potassium values and clinical symptoms, and to define critical potassium limits in hospital inpatients of Chinese Han ethnicity.

Methods

Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) of Chinese Han ethnicity admitted to the Beilun People’s Hospital of Ningbo, Zhejiang University, China, were sequentially enrolled. Inpatient data recorded on admission (or at first time during hospital stay for serum potassium values) between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 were used to calculate the percentage of patients with relevant clinical symptoms, the percentage of critical patients (presence of neurological symptoms and deterioration of at least two physiological systems), and the hospital prevalence of clinical symptoms. Correlations between critical serum potassium values and clinical symptoms were determined.

Results

Out of 3 665 included patients, 1 514 patients with a critical serum potassium value (as determined in the present study) were mainly treated in the intensive care unit or the haematology department (low serum potassium, ≤2.9 mmol/l), and Renal and Hepatitis departments (high serum potassium, ≥6.0 mmol/l). High critical serum potassium values (≥6.0 mmol/l) were significantly correlated with clinical symptoms (such as neurological symptoms, loss of appetite, oliguria and hypotension). Low critical serum potassium values (≤2.9 mmol/l) were significantly correlated with clinical symptoms (such as neurological symptoms, loss of appetite and dyspnoea).

Conclusions

Based on the present findings, the lower and upper critical potassium limits were defined as 2.9 mmol/l and 6.0 mmol/l, respectively.
Bringing critical theory back in at a time of misery: Three beginnings without conclusion
Authors: Bonefeld Werner
Published: September 2015

For critical theory, the critique of capitalist society is subversive in character. It dissolves the dogmatic appearance of society as a manifestation of economic nature and rejects traditional anti-capitalist ideas about socialism as a planned labour economy. Traditional theory does not think against the grain of society. Rather, it thinks with the flow of society and in doing so, it disarms itself by looking on the bright site of a hellish world. In contrast, at its best critical theory looks into the eye of the storm to recognise the conditions of misery and to prevent the critique of capitalist conditions from becoming yet another means of capitalist reproduction.
Interictal photosensitivity associates with altered brain structure in patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Chong Catherine D , Starling Amaal J , Schwedt Todd J
Published: September 2015

Background

Migraine attacks manifest with hypersensitivities to light, sound, touch and odor. Some people with migraine have photosensitivity between migraine attacks, suggesting persistent alterations in the integrity of brain regions that process light. Although functional neuroimaging studies have shown visual stimulus induced “hyperactivation” of visual cortex regions in migraineurs between attacks, whether photosensitivity is associated with alterations in brain structure is unknown.

Methods

Levels of photosensitivity were evaluated using the Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire in 48 interictal migraineurs and 48 healthy controls. Vertex-by-vertex measurements of cortical thickness were assessed in 28 people with episodic migraine who had interictal photosensitivity (mean age = 35.0 years, SD = 12.1) and 20 episodic migraine patients without symptoms of interictal photosensitivity (mean age = 36.0 years, SD = 11.4) using a general linear model design.

Results

Migraineurs have greater levels of interictal photosensitivity relative to healthy controls. Relative to migraineurs without interictal photosensitivity, migraineurs with interictal photosensitivity have thicker cortex in several brain areas including the right lingual, isthmus cingulate and pericalcarine regions, and the left precentral, postcentral and supramarginal regions.

Conclusion

Episodic migraineurs with interictal photosensitivity have greater cortical thickness in the right parietal-occipital and left fronto-parietal regions, suggesting that persistent light sensitivity is associated with underlying structural alterations.
Is Male Migraine Associated With Color Vision Deficiency? Findings Among Israeli Adolescents Between 2007 and 2013
Authors: Berger Assaf , Findler Michael , Korach Tzfanya , Yativ Oshrat Fono , Gronovich Yoav , Hassidim Ayal
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence has shown that migraine patients tend to suffer from color vision abnormalities. The aim of this study was to examine whether color vision deficiency is associated with male migraine in a large population of adolescents.

Methods:

The study population included all Israeli male adolescents who underwent medical and cognitive examinations as part of their recruiting process between the years 2007 and 2013. Migraine prevalence among patients with color vision deficiency was compared to that of males without substantial color vision abnormalities.

Results:

The study population included 305 964 male adolescents at the age of 17 ± 0.6, of whom 7584 (2.5%) had color vision deficiency, as determined by the Farnsworth Panel D-15 color blindness test. Males with color vision deficiency had a 32% increased prevalence of migraine as compared with the control group (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.48, P < .001), after adjusting for multiple variables.

Conclusions:

The authors found an association between color vision deficiency and migraine in male adolescents. The study results lay the basis for further research into male migraine, as well as the visual aspects of migraine.
Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route in Critically Ill Patients (PEP uP Protocol)
Authors: Lee Zheng Yii , Barakatun‐Nisak Mohd Yusof , Noor Airini Ibrahim , Heyland Daren K.
Published: September 2015

Nutrition support is an integral part of care among critically ill patients. However, critically ill patients are commonly underfed, leading to consequences such as increased length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, time on mechanical ventilation, infectious complications, and mortality. Nevertheless, the prevalence of underfeeding has not resolved since the first description of this problem more than 15 years ago. This may be due to the traditional conservative feeding approaches. A novel feeding protocol (the Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route Feeding Protocol in Critically Ill Patients [PEP uP] protocol) was proposed and proven to improve feeding adequacy significantly. However, some of the components in the protocol are controversial and subject to debate. This article is a review of the supporting evidences and some of the controversy associated with each component of the PEP uP protocol.
Commercial migration intermediaries and the segmentation of skilled migrant employment
Authors: van den Broek Di , Harvey William , Groutsis Dimitria
Published: September 2015

Like all migration, skilled migration depends on intermediary operators providing services that assist the mobility, labour market entry and integration of migrant workers. However, within what is a relatively disparate body of literature on migrant work, there is often either a complete neglect, or only fragmented acknowledgement and analysis of how migration intermediaries influence migrants’ access to destination labour markets. By re-engaging with the literature on skilled migration, the authors highlight the importance of new theorizing and empirical investigations into the labour market implications of intermediary activities, which at present remain poorly understood. Most particularly, this article highlights how migration intermediaries shape recruitment, selection and placement, thereby in part determining labour market outcomes for particular groups of migrant workers.
Design of a pedestrian protection airbag system using experiments
Authors: Yang Hyun-Ik , Yun Yong-Won , Park Gyung-Jin
Published: September 2015

The safety of vehicles has been studied in the past on the basis of the safety of passengers. Recently, pedestrian safety has also attracted attention. The pedestrian protection performance of vehicles has gradually improved but is still not sufficiently good. Devices such as the pop-up hood and the pedestrian protection airbag system are generally used to protect pedestrians. Since these devices are relatively newer than other parts of an automobile, a standard design process has not yet been rigorously established. There have been studies that demonstrated how to determine the design parameters of the devices using computer simulations. In this research, a novel design process for a pedestrian protection airbag is proposed, which utilizes the results of the experiments. Some parameters of the pedestrian protection airbag system, which cannot be determined by simulations, are selected and obtained using experiments. They are the folding method of the airbag, the height type of the airbag and the inflator type. The design results using simulations are incorporated in the initial design of the proposed process. The experimental facilities are prepared on the basis of a mid-sized passenger vehicle, and the headform tests are performed according to the protocol of the European New Car Assessment Programme test. The proposed design process selects the rolling and folding method, the small height type and the bottom spurt inflator type. The resultant design is evaluated and analysed using experiments, and it is found to be satisfactory.
Experimental study of the vortex flow and aerodynamic characteristics of a reverse delta wing
Authors: Lee T , Ko LS
Published: September 2015

The vortex and aerodynamic characteristics of a reverse delta wing (RDW) were investigated by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in conjunction with flow visualization and force balance measurements. The RDW had a delayed stall but a lower lift and drag compared to the regular delta wing. The stalling mechanism of RDW was triggered by the breakdown of the multiple spanwise vortex filaments developed over its upper wing surface. The RDW vortex was found to be located outside the wing, and vortex rollup was completed at x/ c = 0.7. The PIV crossflow measurements were also used to compute the lift coefficient. Finally, depending on angle of attack, the RDW vortex can remain concentrated and axisymmetric or resemble a circulation-like flow with patches of vorticity.
Ability of a rapid HIV testing site to attract and test vulnerable populations: a cross-sectional study on Actuel sur Rue
Authors: Engler Kim , Rollet Kathleen , Lessard David , Thomas Réjean , Lebouché Bertrand
Published: September 2015

Quebec’s HIV epidemic persists, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) and in Montreal. Increasing access to HIV testing is necessary and community-based rapid testing offers one strategy. This paper examines the clienteles and activities of a rapid HIV testing site in Montreal, the pilot project Actuel sur Rue. Comparative analyses were conducted with 1357 MSM, 147 heterosexual men and 64 women who visited Actuel sur Rue between July 2012 and November 2013 on socio-demographics, health, drug use, sexual practices/infection and HIV testing/prevention. Significant group differences were observed in each category. Actuel sur Rue received 1901 clients, conducted 1417 rapid HIV tests and tested 77 never-tested individuals. Rapid testing produced a high reactive rate (2%). Only 1/28 of those with reactive tests had no previous HIV testing, and 36% had used post-exposure prophylaxis, suggesting missed opportunities for prevention. Findings highlight diverse client vulnerability profiles and the relevance of checkpoints and further prevention efforts.
A Gender Bias in the Attribution of Creativity
Authors: Proudfoot Devon , Kay Aaron C. , Koval Christy Z.
Published: September 2015

We propose that the propensity to think creatively tends to be associated with independence and self-direction—qualities generally ascribed to men—so that men are often perceived to be more creative than women. In two experiments, we found that “outside the box” creativity is more strongly associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics (e.g., daring and self-reliance) than with stereotypically feminine characteristics (e.g., cooperativeness and supportiveness; Study 1) and that a man is ascribed more creativity than a woman when they produce identical output (Study 2). Analyzing archival data, we found that men’s ideas are evaluated as more ingenious than women’s ideas (Study 3) and that female executives are stereotyped as less innovative than their male counterparts when evaluated by their supervisors (Study 4). Finally, we observed that stereotypically masculine behavior enhances a man’s perceived creativity, whereas identical behavior does not enhance a woman’s perceived creativity (Study 5). This boost in men’s perceived creativity is mediated by attributions of agency, not competence, and predicts perceptions of reward deservingness.
Concurrent presentation of cutaneous lesions of deep linear morphoea and discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bernárdez C , Prieto-Torres L , Macías E , Ramírez-Bellver J L , Haro-Ramos R , Diaz-Recuero J L , Requena L
Published: September 2015

Patients with autoimmune disorders are predisposed to develop a second immunologic disease, frequently with systemic involvement. We present a patient who developed lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) limited to the face, and, concurrently, a linear morphoea involving her right axilla. No criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic scleroderma were present in the patient. To our knowledge, no patients with concomitant DLE and linear morphoea, without systemic involvement, have been previously reported in the literature.
Psychological responses to recorded music as predictors of intentions to attend concerts: Emotions, liking, performance evaluations, and monetary value
Authors: Kawase Satoshi , Obata Satoshi
Published: September 2015

The present study was designed to investigate how music listening affects intentions to attend concerts by employing both the music consumption model and the general consumer behavior model in service environments. We conducted a listening experiment using live recorded classical music. Participants responded to questionnaires after listening to pieces that represented different types of emotions. The items surveyed included felt emotion, liking, performance evaluation, and monetary value. The main findings were as follows: (1) strong emotions that were linked with happiness and tenderness/liking induced by music listening and performance evaluations were associated with intentions to attend concerts, and (2) the individual sense of the value of classical music also influenced the price that audience members were willing to pay to attend a concert when inspired to do so through music listening.
Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: Carlini Beatriz H. , Garrett Sharon B. , Carter Gregory T.
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

Washington State allows marijuana use for medical (since 1998) and recreational (since 2012) purposes. The benefits of medicinal cannabis (MC) can be maximized if clinicians educate patients about dosing, routes of administration, side effects, and plant composition. However, little is known about clinicians’ knowledge and practices in Washington State.

Methods:

An anonymous online survey assessed providers’ MC knowledge, beliefs, clinical practices, and training needs. The survey was disseminated through health care providers’ professional organizations in Washington State. Descriptive analysis compared providers who had and had not authorized MC for patients. Survey results informed the approach and content of an online training on best clinical practices of MC.

Results:

Four hundred ninety-four health care providers responded to the survey. Approximately two-third were women, aged 30 to 60 years, and working in family or internal medicine. More than half of the respondents were legally allowed to write MC authorizations per Washington State law, and 27% of those had issued written MC authorizations. Overall, respondents reported low knowledge and comfort level related to recommending MC. Respondents rated MC knowledge as important and supported inclusion of MC training in medical/health provider curriculum. Most Washington State providers have not received education on scientific basis of MC or training on best clinical practices of MC. Clinicians who had issued MC authorizations were more likely to have received MC training than those who had not issued MC authorization.

Discussion:

The potential of MCs to benefit some patients is hindered by the lack of comfort of clinicians to recommend it. Training opportunities are badly needed to address these issues.
Impactful Resistance
Authors: Courpasson David
Published: September 2015

Contrary to an ontology of defeatism that permeates scholarship on resistance, this paper suggests a perspective through which resistance can lead to hope and the unlikely victory of the powerless against the powerful. We offer an example where resisters develop specific activities that substantially modify a power relationship, thus showing the persistence of a recognition modality of impactful resistance on today’s workplaces. The paper engages with recent accounts of post-recognition politics that largely deny the willingness of workers to struggle about issues related to work.
Validation of linear damage rules using random loading
Authors: Franko Mitja , Sedlaček Marko , Podgornik Bojan , Nagode Marko
Published: September 2015

Fatigue damage is a parameter which plays an important role in lifetime and reliability predictions of randomly loaded structures. In this paper, four different forms of the Miner linear accumulation damage rule are examined. They are used to compare observed experimental damage and the results of numerical simulations for both uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue. First, critical fatigue damage values for all forms of the Miner accumulation damage rule are calculated for uniaxial cases. Based on the results presented in this paper, it has been established that for high strength materials the critical damage value is around 0.3. These results are then applied to the multiaxial cases. The multiaxiality is taken into account using either the signed von Mises or critical plane method. Finally, the fatigue fracture surface has been calculated and compared to the experimental pattern of fatigue fracture. The results show that the fatigue fracture surface determined by the numerical simulation is comparable to the fatigue fracture observed experimentally.
Solid Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Foschini Maria P. , Rizzo Antonio , De Leo Antonio , Laurino Licia , Sironi Maria , Rucco Vittorio
Published: September 2015

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a low-grade malignancy “triple negative” breast tumor. ACC of the breast can present a great variety of morphological features having a prognostic impact. Recently, cases of ACC having solid-basaloid features (SBACC) have been described. In the present study, 6 cases of SBACC have been reported. All the cases affected female patients aged 47 to 69 years (mean = 54 years). Two patients had metastases to the axillary lymph nodes, and 2 patients experienced local recurrences. No deaths due to the tumor were observed. A review of the literature on breast SBACC showed that local recurrences and lymph node metastases are more frequent than in the ACC conventional type; nevertheless, no deaths due to the tumor are registered at the moment. On the contrary, cases of ACC with features of malignant transformation are on record. Therefore, a new grading system on breast ACC is proposed.
Development of a model to predict vibrations induced by transient release of in-situ stress
Authors: Lu Wenbo , Fan Yong , Yang Jianhua , Yan Peng , Chen Ming
Published: September 2015

During the process of deep rock mass excavations by drill and blast, transient release of in-situ stress (TRIS) induced vibrations have a negative effect on the safety and stability of nearby structures. However, little attention has been focused on the prediction of peak particle velocity (PPV) of TRIS induced vibrations. To forecast the PPV of TRIS induced vibrations, a new model was set up by dimensional analysis method based on an analysis of PPV influencing factors. To train and test the prediction model proposed in this paper, firstly, TRIS induced vibrations were identified and separated from the recorded vibrations during a blasting excavation of deep rock masses in the Jinping II hydropower station by the methods of amplitude spectrum analysis and finite impulse response digital filter, and then, unknown coefficients in the proposed model were calculated via multivariate regression analysis from the collected data of upper part excavation. Finally, for the lower part excavation, the separated and predicted PPV of TRIS induced vibrations were compared. In addition, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) were compared between the proposed model and the other commonly used model. Results seem to indicate that the proposed model with a higher correlation coefficient and a smaller RMSE is the better option for predicting the PPV of TRIS induced vibrations.
Extension of State-Led Growth Coalition and Grassroots Management
Authors: Sun Xiaoyi , Huang Ronggui
Published: September 2015

This study intends to enrich the literature of comparative studies on growth machine and urban regime through contextualized analyses of growth politics in Shanghai, China. An analytical framework is developed to advance our understanding of the variation of growth politics in a different urban setting. In particular, this study contends that local government’s dual goals of promoting economic growth and managing development-related conflicts are the key to making sense of growth politics in Shanghai. This specific configuration of institutions suggests that growth coalition has to extend itself spatially into neighborhood level and temporally into postdevelopment phase to sustain urban growth. This extension requires pro-growth players to exploit infrastructural power to contain homeowners’ activism. This research calls for attention to the nexus between economic and political dimensions of urban growth, a refined conceptualization of local states, and the interaction between pro-growth and antigrowth forces which shapes the forms and dynamics of urban regime.
Stigmatizing Images in Obesity Health Campaign Messages and Healthy Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Young Rachel , Subramanian Roma , Hinnant Amanda
Published: September 2015

Background. Antiobesity campaigns blaming individual behaviors for obesity have sparked concern that an emphasis on individual behavior may lead to stigmatization of overweight or obese people. Past studies have shown that perpetuating stigma is not effective for influencing behavior. Purpose. This study examined whether stigmatizing or nonstigmatizing images and text in antiobesity advertisements led to differences in health-related behavioral intentions. Method. Participants in this experiment were 161 American adults. Measures included self-reported body mass index, weight satisfaction, antifat attitudes, and intention to increase healthy behaviors. Results. Images in particular prompted intention to increase healthy behavior, but only among participants who were not overweight or obese. Conclusion. Images and text emphasizing individual responsibility for obesity may influence behavioral intention among those who are not overweight, but they do not seem to be effective at altering behavioral intentions among overweight people, the target audience for many antiobesity messages. Images in antiobesity messages intended to alter behavior are influential and should be selected carefully.
From Foucault to Freire Through Facebook
Authors: Bull Sheana , Ezeanochie Nnamdi
Published: September 2015

Objective. To document the integration of social science theory in literature on mHealth (mobile health) and consider opportunities for integration of classic theory, health communication theory, and social networking to generate a relevant theory for mHealth program design. Method. A secondary review of research syntheses and meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2014 related to mHealth, using the AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) methodology for assessment of the quality of each review. High-quality articles from those reviews using a randomized controlled design and integrating social science theory in program design, implementation, or evaluation were reviewed. Results. There were 1,749 articles among the 170 reviews with a high AMSTAR score (≥30). Only 13 were published from 2005 to 2014, used a randomized controlled design and made explicit mention of theory in any aspect of their mHealth program. All 13 included theoretical perspectives focused on psychological and/or psychosocial theories and constructs. Conclusions. There is a very limited use of social science theory in mHealth despite demonstrated benefits in doing so. We propose an integrated theory of mHealth that incorporates classic theory, health communication theory, and social networking to guide development and evaluation of mHealth programs.
Reinterpreting the Concept of Emptiness as Central Courtyards in Contemporary Iranian Architecture
Authors: Farjami Ghazal
Published: September 2015

Contemporary architecture of Iran has witnessed a transition from modern architecture toward its traditional origin. The idea of empty space is a dominant concept in traditional architecture and has been reinterpreted in different ways. Actually, the concept of emptiness is a philosophical term ingrained in Iranian culture that has been discussed from various perspectives. This research investigates the emergence of emptiness in the form of central courtyards in Iran. Because this article is an attempt to examine the concept of emptiness in contemporary Iranian architecture, three famous architects of recent years have been selected—Reza Daneshmir, Alireza Taghaboni, and Pouya Khazaeli—who are all prize-winners of the Memar Award, the most well-known architectural competition in Iran based on authentic Iranian ideas. As part of a phenomenological research method, interviews were arranged with each architect, and their projects visited. During the analysis process, the recursive abstraction method was used to achieve the main idea of each architect toward the concept of emptiness. Accordingly, 10 projects of the aforementioned architects were examined to ascertain the architects’ new interpretation of the traditional idea of emptiness in Iranian architecture.
Delay in the acquisition of Differential Object Marking by Spanish monolingual and bilingual teenagers
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Pires Acrisio , Nediger Will
Published: September 2015

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:

This study investigated the acquisition of Spanish Differential Object Marking (DOM) by bilingual and monolingual Spanish teenagers, evaluating to which extent their knowledge of DOM can be explained by different theories of acquisition.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

Two experiments with bilingual and monolingual Spanish teenagers (ages 10 to 15) were conducted. The experiments included an Elicited Production Completion Task, in which a space was to either be filled with an object marker or left blank, and a Context-Matching Acceptability Judgment Task.

Data and Analysis:

54 subjects (44 bilinguals and 10 monolinguals) were tested. For both tasks, there were 6 conditions testing different syntactic–semantic features that trigger DOM (test items n = 42 in each task). The data were analysed with linear regressions and repeated measures analyses of variance.

Findings/Conclusions:

This study’s results show that bilingual teenagers do not demonstrate significant differences from age-matched monolinguals in their competence regarding the syntactic–semantic properties of DOM. Both groups are below ceiling in showing evidence of knowledge about all the syntactic–semantic features involved in DOM, indicating the possibility of a significant delay beyond childhood in their acquisition.

Originality:

There are few previous studies on the acquisition of DOM, and none which consider the full range of features and specific population considered here. Work by Montrul focuses on the animacy feature, while Guijarro-Fuentes considers the full range of features, but for adult L2 learners of Spanish.

Significance/Implications:

This study shows that the Interface Vulnerability Hypothesis, the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis, the Full Access/Full Transfer Hypothesis and the Interpretability Hypothesis have limitations in explaining its results. Instead, a feature-based approach is proposed in which the specification of features beyond animacy raises difficulties for the acquisition of DOM until late childhood.
Not just a joke: The ‘quenelle’ as a running gag masking anti-Semitic communication
Authors: Boudana Sandrine
Published: September 2015

Invented by French comedian Dieudonné and interpreted as an anti-Semitic gesture, the ‘quenelle’ is a running gag with worldwide circulation in public settings and social networks. This case confronts us with the challenge posed by the use of humor as a cover for racist communication. Rejecting the options of political ban and media boycott as inefficient, this article examines two alternative strategies discussed in the French public sphere: One remains in the realm of humor and consists of joking back, while the other attempts to unmask the political significance of the quenelle behind the meaning that its producers claim to give it. This article draws on theories of disparagement humor and hermeneutics to propose strategic responses to those using humor as cover for denigration and vilification.
Synthesis and effect of Misch metal on mechanical properties of conventional cast Mg–Al–Zn–Sn–Pb alloy system
Authors: Gaurav G , Murtaza Q , Yuvraj N , Mandal D , Sahoo KL , Murmu L
Published: September 2015

Magnesium alloys are increasingly accepted in automobile industry owing to their greater strength-to-weight ratio. These qualities lead to less vehicle weight and better fuel economy. Therefore, in the present work an effort has been made to develop a new Mg alloy system that exhibits greater ductility together with greater mechanical strength. Misch metal is added in Mg-based alloys to investigate the changes in mechanical properties. The microstructure of alloys Mg–4Al–3Zn–3Sn–3Pb (H1) and Mg–4Al–3Zn–3Sn–3Pb–0.5MM (H2) are dendritic in nature while for Mg–3Zn–3Sn–3Pb–2Si (H3) the “Chinese script” Mg2Si intermetallic structure was obtained. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–4Al–3Zn–3Sn–3Pb–0.5MM (H2) alloy are about 40% and 100 % higher than that of H3 alloy. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and percentage elongation of H2 alloy are 170 MPa, 44 MPa, and 3.4%, respectively.
Promoting HIV Testing for Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Adam Barry D. , Gardner Sandra , Major Carol , Campbell Diana , Light Lucia , Globerman Jason
Published: September 2015

This article reports on a social marketing campaign directed toward high-risk men who have sex with men in Toronto and Ottawa to encourage testing for HIV and syphilis; improve knowledge about HIV transmission, seroconversion symptoms, and the HIV window period; and heighten awareness of syphilis transmission and its relationship to facilitating HIV transmission. Evaluation data were collected from a large-scale online pre-and postcampaign survey of sexually active men who have sex with men and from laboratory testing data. Men who turned up to be tested also filled out an exit survey. The campaign websites attracted some 15,000 unique visitors, 54% of whom had an IP address in Toronto or Ottawa. Laboratory data showed a 20% increase in HIV testing in Toronto over the campaign compared to the previous year. The overall rate of HIV-positive tests remained relatively constant. Knowledge levels about seroconversion symptoms, sexually transmitted infection and HIV transmission, and the HIV window period were significantly better among postcampaign survey respondents aware of the campaign compared to postcampaign respondents who were not aware and compared to precampaign respondents.
Uric Acid and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yuan Min , Xu Lijun , Yin Xiaoping
Published: September 2015

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by dementia, cognitive impairment, and memory loss, and the global prevalence is increasing. Many epidemiologic studies have considered the association between uric acid and AD, yet the relationship remains elusive. The objective of this study was to validate whether or not uric acid is indeed associated with AD. We compared different prospective studies and ultimately found that it is also a controversial issue. Further higher quality prospective evidence on the relationship between uric acid and AD in different age stage are needed to determine the causal association and its exact pathogenetic mechanisms.