bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientometric engineering: Exploring citation dynamics via arXiv eprints
Authors: Okamura Keisuke
Published: January 2022

Scholarly communications have been rapidly integrated into digitized and networked open ecosystems, where preprint servers have played a pivotal role in accelerating the knowledge transfer processes. However, quantitative evidence is scarce regarding how this paradigm shift beyond the traditional journal publication system has affected the dynamics of collective attention on science. To address this issue, we investigate the citation data of more than 1.5 million eprints on arXiv (https://arxiv.org) and analyze the long-term citation trend for each discipline involved. We find that the typical growth and obsolescence patterns vary across disciplines, reflecting different publication and communication practices. The results provide unique evidence of the attention dynamics shaped by the research community today, including the dramatic growth and fast obsolescence of Computer Science eprints, which has not been captured in previous studies relying on the citation data of journal papers. Subsequently, we develop a quantitatively and temporally normalized citation index with an approximately normal distribution, which is useful for comparing citational attention across disciplines and time periods. Further, we derive a stochastic model consistent with the observed quantitative and temporal characteristics of citation growth and obsolescence. The findings and the developed framework open a new avenue for understanding the nature of citation dynamics.
Heracles and the Monkey
Authors: Camerotto Alberto
Published: January 2022

In the pamphlet On Salaried Posts in Great Houses Lucian of Samosata analyzes the problem of the impossible relationship between misthos, ‘money’, and paideia, ‘culture’ and ‘teaching’. Money is an indispensable asset for the necessities of life. But starting with Socrates and the Sophists it becomes problematic. In Lucian’s satire the attack is directed at philosophers and the marketing of culture in the Roman Empire at the time of the Second Sophistic.
Colourful Planets
Authors: Martijn Marije
Published: January 2022

In the Myth of Er, Plato describes the ‘Spindle of Necessity’, a contraption presenting the cosmos as guided by Sirens and Fates, and ascribes different colours to the planets (Rep. 616e-617a). This paper argues that Plato probably used astronomical data for that passage, but possibly gave them a metaphorical sense, and discusses the likelihood of his having used Mesopotamian sources. The second half of the paper studies receptions of and allusions to the image, with context-based astronomical, political, and metaphysical features. Cicero adjusted the image to contemporary astronomy, and to the political function of the cosmic structures in the Somnium Scipionis. His commentator Macrobius emphasizes empirical correctness, but possibly with metaphysical undertones. Apuleius’ Metamorphoses alludes to the image in a portrait of Isis, perhaps to refer to her metaphysical role. Finally, Proclus interprets the Platonic passage as primarily metaphysical, and pointing to truths beyond astronomical phenomena.
Negotiating Identity and Power during a Crisis: An Analysis of ‘Small Stories’ Told by Australian Christian Priests during the COVID-19 Health Crisis
Authors: Turnbull Margo Louise
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and localised government responses have led to fundamental changes in the conditions in which organisations operate. This article draws on a social constructionist understanding of identity as multiple and performed (Angouri 2016; Butler 1990) to explore the experiences of a group of six Australian Christian priests during this crisis period. Drawing on in-depth interview data, the article presents a narrative analysis of the storying of identities and power relations within church communities whose everyday activities were suddenly curtailed. In contrast to linguistic studies of narrative which often focus on structural features of canonical discourse ‘events’, this article takes up Bamberg and Georgakopoulou’s (2008) extension of narrative analysis to focus on ‘small stories’ which reflect the everyday, situated practices in which identities and power relations are negotiated and performed. This article contributes unique insights into the operation and practices of religious organisations in a crisis context.
The Approach of the Fiqh Council of North America towards Identity Problems of Contemporary Muslim Minorities
Authors: Yakar Sümeyra , Yakar Emine Enise
Published: January 2022

The status of being a Muslim minority in a non-Muslim country has obtained public and international attention with the consequence of globalization and immigration in the contemporary world. The increasing rate of immigration to the United States after the 1980s resulted in a new identity that mainly includes two main ingredients: Muslim identity and American identity. Especially, the following generation of the first immigrants has unexpectedly confronted the issue of an identity crisis ensuing from the simultaneous belonging to American and Muslim identities. With permanent settlement and acquiring American citizenship, Muslim Americans have shouldered dual responsibilities and duties. Occasionally, the dual identity of Muslim Americans has resulted in clashes between the religious and citizenship responsibilities. The Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA), a voluntarily established fatwā institution, tries to find Islamic legal solutions to that of American Muslims’ paradoxical predicaments. In the light of particular fatwās (legal opinion) issued by the FCNA, this paper will analyse how the identity crises of Muslim Americans are resolved; which Islamic legal methodologies are predominantly deployed to obliterate the mundane and religious paradoxes of those Muslim Americans; and whether the preponderance is given to American identity or Muslim identity by the FCNA.
Kerevata Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) is no longer a Papua New Guinean endemic with descriptions of three new species from the Indomalayan Region
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , QUICKE DONALD L.J. , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , PRIYADARSANAN DHARMA RAJAN
Published: January 2022

The rogadine genus Kerevata Belokobylskij is newly reported from the Indomalayan region. We describe and illustrate three new species, two from India (K. kethai sp. nov. and K. orientalia sp. nov.) and one from Vietnam (K. longi sp. nov.) and provide an illustrated key to the extant species of the genus along with the photographic illustration of the type species of K. pacifica Belokobylskij. Range extension and morphological characters of Kerevata are discussed.
Characterization of micro hole on super alloy GH4037 and stainless steel 304 by millisecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser processing
Authors: Wang Liang , Guan Rong , Zhang Qunyong , Xia Kaibo , Ren Naifei
Published: January 2022

In this study, both super alloy GH4037 and stainless steel 304 were selected as experimental materials to be processed by LASERTEC 80 PowerDrill three-dimensional solid laser machining center. The structure of the micro hole was researched by 3D Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope and
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, The holes taper, entrance and exit ends diameter, microcrack, recast layer, orifice deposits and the heat affected zone (HAZ) were also investigated. The single factor experimental method was used to research the influences of defocusing amount,
pulse energy, repetition frequency, and pulse duration on quality of micro holes. Experimental results indicated that the holes entrance and exit ends diameter enlarged with increased pulse energy from 3.4 J to 4.2 J. The entrance and exit ends diameter of holes decreased with increased pulse
duration from 0.5 ms to 2.5 ms. Besides, the variation of holes diameter and taper were more obvious with repetition frequency changing from 10 Hz to 30 Hz, and variation range for the entrance and exit ends diameters and taper were not obvious with increased defocusing amount from −2
mm to 2 mm. The herein results indicated that pulse energy was one of the most significant influencing elements, and higher pulse energy could bring about lower hole taper within a certain range. Meanwhile, shorter pulse duration reduced splash and debris of holes surface. The recast layer,
micro crack and HAZ were existed in the both kinds of experimental materials. Moreover, the microcrack and recast layer on holes wall of GH4037 were less than those of 304, and the HAZ in drilling hole for GH4037 was more than that of 304. The experimental results for the holes size were compared
with corresponding simulation results under different defocusing amount respectively, which verified the accuracy of simulation results. Combining the above factors, the quality of micro holes drilling on super alloy GH4037 was better than stainless steel 304.
Label-Free Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fat Embolism Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Cheng Qi , Zhu Yongzheng , Deng Kaifei , Qin Zhiqiang , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Ji , Huang Ping , Wan Changwu
Published: January 2022

The diagnosis of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is of great significance in the field of forensic medicine because it can be considered a major cause of death or a vital reaction. Conventional histological analysis of lung tissue specimens is a widely used method for PFE diagnosis. However, variable and labor-intensive tissue staining procedures impede the validity and informativeness of histological image analysis. To obtain complete information from tissues, a method based on infrared imaging of unlabeled tissue sections was developed to identify pulmonary fat emboli in the present study. We selected 15 PFE-positive lung samples and 15 PFE-negative samples from real cases. Oil red O (ORO) staining and infrared spectral imaging collection were both performed on all lung tissue samples. And the fatty tissue of the abdominal wall and the embolized lipid droplets in the lungs were taken for comparison. The results of the blind, evaluation by pathologists, showed good agreement between the infrared spectral imaging of the lung tissue and the standard histological stained images. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging significantly simplifies the typical painstakingly laborious histological staining procedure. And we found a difference between lipid droplets embolized in abdominal wall fat and lung tissue.
Moralizing Immigration: Political Framing, Moral Conviction, and Polarization in the United States and Denmark
Authors: Simonsen Kristina B. , Bonikowski Bart
Published: January 2022

Morally charged rhetoric is commonplace in political discourse on immigration but scholars have not examined how it affects divisions over the issue among the public. To address this gap, we employ preregistered survey experiments in two countries where anti-immigration rhetoric has been prominent: the United States and Denmark. We demonstrate that exposure to moralized messages leads respondents to place greater moral weight on their existing immigration opinions and become more averse to political leaders and, in the United States, social interaction partners who espouse opposite beliefs. This suggests that political moralization contributes to moral conflict and affective polarization. We find no evidence, however, that moral framing produces attitudinal polarization—that is, more extreme immigration opinions. Our study helps make sense of the heightened intensity of anti-immigrant politics even when attitudes are stable. It also suggests a promising avenue for comparative research on affective polarization by shifting the focus from partisanship to the moralization of existing issue disagreements.
Divisible Governance: Making Gas-fired Futures during Climate Collapse in Northern Australia
Authors: Howey Kirsty , Neale Timothy
Published: January 2022

Despite widespread acceptance that their emissions accelerate climate change and its disastrous ecological effects, new fossil fuel extraction projects continue apace, further entrenching fossil fuel dependence, and thereby enacting particular climate futures. In this article, we examine how this is occurring in the case of a proposed onshore shale gas “fracking” industry in the remote Northern Territory of Australia, drawing on policy and legal documents and interviews with an enunciatory community of scientists, lawyers, activists, and policy makers to illustrate what we call “divisible governance.” Divisible governance—enacted through technical maneuvers of temporal and jurisdictional risk fragmentation—not only facilitates the piecemeal entrenchment of unsustainable extraction but also sustains ignorance on the part of this enunciatory community and the wider public about the impacts of such extraction and the manner in which it is both facilitated and regulated. Such governance regimes, we suggest, create felicitous conditions for governments to defer, forestall, or eliminate their accountability while regulating their way further and further into catastrophic climate change. Countering divisible governance begins, we suggest, by mapping the connections that it fragments.
Class as an Explanation of Ethnic Differences in Mobility Aspirations
Authors: Heller Celia Stopnicka
Published: January 2022

The comparison of the occupational, educational, material and other mobility aspirations of Mexican Americans with those of the larger society reveals the group is not the exception to the ethnic pattern in the United States that it was considered to be until now. The previous misperception of Mexican Americans stemmed from the inadequacy of previous research techniques—namely their reliance on controlling statistically the class factor. The research reported here challenges this technique in its approach and findings.
The Movement and Settlement of Puerto Rican Migrants within the United States, 1950–1960
Authors: Hernández-Alvarez J.
Published: January 2022

This article presents a concise summary of the geographic movement and settlement of Puerto Ricans within the United States from 1950 to 1960, based on data drawn from the Census taken on the latter date. The Author observes that a shift away from New York City occurred both in terms of migration from Puerto Rico and internal movements between states. This resulted in the development of major Puerto Rican communities in eight other metropolitan areas of the U.S. The Puerto Rican population was found highly mobile within the U.S., especially from neighborhood to neighborhood within the same city and usually in the direction of neighborhoods marked by out-migration of non-Puerto Ricans. The analysis is then extended to the different patterns of settlement outside New York City and the present evolution of the migrant colonias and to the diaspora of a small portion of the Puerto Rican population throughout the U.S. In the final remarks, the Author discusses the future trend of dispersion of the second generation population, especially, and the correlation between economically favored cities and the setlement of Puerto Ricans on the mainland.
Desocialization and Resocialization: The Adjustment Process of Immigrants
Authors: Bar-Yosef Rivka Weiss
Published: January 2022

The theoretical framework presented by S. N. Eisenstadt in the Absorption of Immigrants is further tested in this paper. The Author looks at the physical environment and the organizational set-up of Israeli Society in order to derive their significance in the process of integration of newcomers, especially from the viewpoint of personality needs and aspirations. Among the prerequisites to a smooth adjustment there should be in any immigrant-oriented society a period of time during which undue pressure on, and expectations from the immigrants are avoided. In this way immigrants can find their place or build up their new system of roles and their new social identity without strains and psychological conflicts. From this study the key variables for successful adjustment appear to be the economic and political ones, while the role of the primary ethnic group is transitional even if indispensable psychologically during the time of transition from desocialisation to resocialisation.
New Immigration Law in Retrospect
Authors: Rodino Peter
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the Act of October 3, 1965 was the repeal of the national origins system which was the basis for the selection of immigrants since June 1, 1929. This significant step forward established a fair and equitable immigration policy, but in the implementation of these objectives problem areas have developed.
General Theory in the Study of Migration: Current Needs and Difficulties
Authors: Mangalam J. J. , Schwarzweller Harry K.
Published: January 2022

The need for a more comprehensive, general theoretical approach to the study of migration is widely recognized by sociologists and other behavioral scientists. At present, no major synthesizing effort, directly relevant to the concerns of sociologists, exists. Against a background of recent trends and lines of inquiry in migration research, drawn from an extensive review of the current literature, probable reasons are suggested for this “lag” in general theory-building. In addition to a number of misconceptions about the nature of migration, which continue to prevail, and difficulties stemming from the sources of migration data, which reinforce those misconceptions, the study of migration has suffered from a lack of concern on the part of our leading sociological theorists.
Case Studies in British Immigration
Authors: Engel Madeline H.
Published: January 2022

A Report on the Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the. American Historical Society in Joint Session with the Immigration History Group, December 30, 1968 at the Statler Hilton Hotel, New York City, New York.
Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells or Stromal Vascular Fractions: Are They Effective for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kim Kang-Il , Kim Myung-Seo , Kim Jun-Ho
Published: January 2022

Background:

Intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stem cells, which are divided into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (ADSVFs), has been reported to be a viable treatment modality for knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, its efficacy remains limited.

Purpose:

This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs and ADSVFs without adjuvant treatment in patients with knee OA.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs or ADSVFs without adjuvant treatments compared with placebo or hyaluronic acid in patients with knee OA. Clinically, the 100-mm visual analog scale for pain relief and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for functional improvement were implemented. Radiologically, cartilage status was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Procedure-related knee pain, swelling, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated for safety. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses comparing ASCs versus ADSVFs. Methodological quality was assessed using the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS).

Results:

A total of 5 RCTs were included in this study. Based on the meta-analysis, ASCs or ADSVFs showed significantly better pain relief at 6 months ( Z = 7.62; P < .0001) and 12 months ( Z = 7.21; P < .0001) and functional improvement at 6 months ( Z = 4.13; P < .0001) and 12 months ( Z = 3.79; P = .0002), without a difference in procedure-related knee pain or swelling compared with controls. Although a meta-analysis with regard to cartilage improvements was not performed owing to heterogeneous MRI assessment, 3 studies reported significantly improved cartilage status after the injection. No serious AEs associated with ASCs or ADSVFs were reported. Subgroup analyses showed similar efficacy between ASC and ADSVF treatments. The median mCMS was 70 (range, 55-75).

Conclusion:

For patients with knee OA, intra-articular injection of autologous ASCs or ADSVFs without adjuvant treatment showed remarkable clinical efficacy and safety at short-term follow-up. Some degree of efficacy has been shown for cartilage regeneration in knee OA, although the evidence remains limited. Further RCTs that directly compare ASCs and ADSVFs are needed.
American Medical Sociology and Health Problems in the Global South
Authors: Farber Reya , Harris Joseph
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has focused global attention on disease spread across borders. But how has research on infectious and noncommunicable disease figured into the sociological imagination historically, and to what degree has American medical sociology examined health problems beyond U.S. borders? Our 35-year content analysis of 2,588 presentations in the American Sociological Association’s (ASA) Section on Medical Sociology and 922 articles within the section’s official journal finds less than 15 percent of total research examined contexts outside the United States. Research on three infectious diseases in the top eight causes of death in low-income countries (diarrheal disease, malaria, and tuberculosis [TB]) and emerging diseases—Ebola, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)—was nearly absent, as was research on major noncommunicable diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) received much more focus, although world regions hit hardest received scant attention. Interviews suggest a number of factors shape geographic foci of research, but this epistemic parochialism may ultimately impoverish sociological understanding of illness and disease.
From Critique to Computational Thinking: A Peer-Assessment-Supported Problem Identification, Flow Definition, Coding, and Testing Approach for Computer Programming Instruction
Authors: Fang Jian-Wen , Shao Dan , Hwang Gwo-Jen , Chang Shao-Chen
Published: January 2022

Scholars believe that computational thinking is one of the essential competencies of the 21st century and computer programming courses have been recognized as a potential means of fostering students’ computational thinking. In tradition instruction, PFCT (problem identification, flow definition, coding, and testing) is a commonly adopted procedure to guide students to learn and practice computer programming. However, without further guidance, students might focus on learning the syntax of computer programming language rather than the concept of solving problems. This study proposes a peer-assessment-supported PFCT (PA-PFCT) approach for boosting students’ computer programming knowledge and computational thinking awareness. A quasi-experiment was conducted on a computer programming course in a high school to evaluate its influence on students’ learning achievement, computational thinking awareness, learning motivation, and self-efficacy. An experimental group of 51 students learned with the proposed approach, while a control group of 49 students learned with the traditional PFCT (T-PFCT) approach. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly enhanced the students’ computational thinking awareness, learning motivation, and self-efficacy, while not having significant impacts on their computer programming knowledge test scores.
Scene Context Impairs Perception of Semantically Congruent Objects
Authors: Spaak Eelke , Peelen Marius V. , de Lange Floris P.
Published: January 2022

Visual scene context is well-known to facilitate the recognition of scene-congruent objects. Interestingly, however, according to predictive-processing accounts of brain function, scene congruency may lead to reduced (rather than enhanced) processing of congruent objects, compared with incongruent ones, because congruent objects elicit reduced prediction-error responses. We tested this counterintuitive hypothesis in two online behavioral experiments with human participants ( N = 300). We found clear evidence for impaired perception of congruent objects, both in a change-detection task measuring response times and in a bias-free object-discrimination task measuring accuracy. Congruency costs were related to independent subjective congruency ratings. Finally, we show that the reported effects cannot be explained by low-level stimulus confounds, response biases, or top-down strategy. These results provide convincing evidence for perceptual congruency costs during scene viewing, in line with predictive-processing theory.
Military Economy and Economic Growth: Bidirectional Effects in Transition Economies of Eurasia
Authors: Rudy Kiryl
Published: January 2022

Recently, the worrisome rise of military economy in Eurasian transition economies has raised concerns on what is behind this trend and what are its economic consequences. Based on the evidence from 26 Eurasian countries selected into two subgroups “Russia+10” and “15 Central and Eastern European” (CEE) countries over the period from 1991 to 2019, this article focuses on the military economy overview in this region and demonstrates the result of panel data estimations of bidirectional relation between military economy indicators and economic growth. The study shows that in “Russia+10,” military expenditures to GDP and to government spending have a positive effect on growth, and economic growth has a negative influence on these two indicators. Moreover, armed forces to labor forces have a positive bidirectional relation with economic growth in “Russia+10.” For the samples of “15 CEE” and all Eurasian countries, there are not always statistically significant results to offer clear conclusion on bidirectional effects between military expenditures to GDP and to budget expenses and economic growth. Armed forces to labor forces show a positive effect on growth in Eurasia and “15 CEE” countries.
Onset and stabilization of delay-induced instabilities in piezoelectric digital vibration absorbers
Authors: Raze Ghislain , Dietrich Jennifer , Kerschen Gaetan
Published: January 2022

The stability of a piezoelectric structure controlled by a digital vibration absorber emulating a shunt circuit is investigated in this work. The formalism of feedback control theory is used to demonstrate that systems with a low electromechanical coupling are prone to delay-induced instabilities entailed by the sampling procedure of the digital unit. An explicit relation is derived between the effective electromechanical coupling factor and the maximum sampling period guaranteeing a stable controlled system. Since this sampling period may be impractically small, a simple modification procedure of the emulated admittance of the shunt circuit is proposed in order to counteract the effect of delays by anticipation. The theoretical developments are experimentally validated on a clamped-free piezoelectric beam.
Theoretical Study of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Piezoelectric Energy Harvester under Concurrent Aeroelastic and Base Excitation
Authors: Hu Guobiao , Lan Chunbo , Liang Junrui , Tang Lihua , Zhao Liya
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a study of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) under concurrent aeroelastic and base excitation. The governing equations of the theoretical model under the combined excitation are developed and solved analytically using the harmonic balance method. Based on the electro-mechanical analogies, an equivalent circuit model is established. The energy harvesting performance of the 2DOF PEH under different wind speeds but the same base excitation is investigated. Voltage amplitudes of various response components with different frequencies are predicted by the analytical method and verified by the circuit simulation. The root-mean-square (RMS) voltage is used to measure the actual performance of the 2DOF PEH. Around the resonance state, the 2DOF PEH has been found to produce a larger voltage output than the conventional SDOF PEH. Moreover, several interesting phenomena, such as the quasi-periodic oscillation and the peak-to-valley transition, have been observed in the circuit simulation and explained by the analytical solution. The developed methodology in this paper can be easily adapted to analyze other similar types of multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) PEHs under concurrent aeroelastic and base excitation.
Efficacy of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin for the Treatment of Secondary Failure of Platelet Recovery After Allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Cao Yigeng , Wang Mingyang , Shen Biao , Zhao Fei , Zhang Rongli , Chen Xin , He Yi , Zhai Weihua , Ma Qiaoling , Wei Jialin , Huang Yong , Yang Donglin , Pang Aiming , Feng Sizhou , Jiang Erlie , Han Mingzhe
Published: January 2022

Secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR) is a life-threatening complication that may affect up to 20% of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO), we retrospectively analyzed 29 patients who received continuous rhTPO for the treatment of SFPR. Overall response and complete response were observed in 24 (82.8%) patients and 10 (34.5%) patients, at a median time of 21.5 days (range, 3-41 days) and 39.5 days (range, 7-53 days) after initiation of rhTPO treatment, respectively. Among the responders, the probability of keeping overall response and complete response at 1 year after response was 77.3% and 80.0%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher CD34+ cells (≥3 × 106/kg) infused during HSCT (HR: 7.22, 95% CI: 1.53-34.04, P = 0.01) and decreased ferritin after rhTPO treatment (HR: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.18-32.15, P = 0.03) were indicated to associate with complete response to rhTPO. Importantly, rhTPO was well tolerated in all patients without side effects urging withdrawal and clinical intervention. The results of this study suggest that rhTPO may be a safe and effective treatment for SFPR.
Experimental validation on seismic performance of a monolithic precast RC shear wall structure with novel connections
Authors: Wang Xiao-ting , Chen Xi , Wang Tao , Pan Peng , Miao Qi-song
Published: January 2022

A novel monolithic precast concrete shear wall structure system was proposed, with four connector types: “cast-in-site elbow reinforced concrete joints,” “dry connectors,” “shaped steel shear keys,” and “shaped steel boundary elements” based on welding process with stable and high quality. The first two connect walls horizontally and the other two connect walls between adjacent stories. A high precast ratio, over 60%, can be achieved. To evaluate the strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the proposed system, a full-scale three-story model was tested quasi-statically in the two horizontal directions. The model showed strong spatial response, demonstrating sufficient strength and stiffness to resist severe earthquakes. The coupling beams suffered shear failure damage. The connectors sustained large internal forces, surviving under simulated severe earthquake conditions. The external thermal insulation layers remained firmly attached to the precast wall panels, satisfying the design objectives.
‘Who decided this?’: Negotiating epistemic and deontic authority in systemic family therapy training
Authors: Nanouri Katerina , Tseliou Eleftheria , Abakoumkin Georgios , Bozatzis Nikos
Published: January 2022

In this article we illustrate how trainers and trainees negotiate epistemic and deontic authority within systemic family therapy training. Adult education principles and postmodern imperatives have challenged trainers’ and trainees’ asymmetries regarding knowledge (epistemics) and power (deontics), normatively implicated by the institutional training setting. Up-to-date, we lack insight into how trainers and trainees negotiate epistemic and deontic rights in naturally occurring dialog within training. Drawing from discursive psychology and conversation analysis, we present an analysis of eight transcribed, videotaped training seminars from a systemic family therapy training program, featuring three trainers and eleven trainees. Our analysis highlights the dilemmatic ways in which participants resist and affirm the normatively implicated trainers’ deontic and epistemic authority. Trainers are shown as mitigating directives and trainees as resisting them, with both displaying (not)knowing, while attending to concerns about (a)symmetry. We discuss our findings’ implications for systemic family therapy training.
Mechanical characterization and creep strengthening of AZ91 magnesium alloy by addition of yttrium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kiarasi Faraz , Babaei Masoud , Omidi Bidgoli Mostafa , Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem , Asemi Kamran
Published: January 2022

In the current research, the authors have attempted to improve the mechanical properties and creep behavior of the magnesium alloy Mg–9Al–1Zn (AZ91) in three different stress levels. To this end, the present study investigated experimentally the addition effects of different values of yttrium oxide nanoparticles to the AZ91. In this regard, weight percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% nanoparticles were added to the material using the vortex casting method. Then, various test specimens were fabricated based on the ASTM standards by utilizing a Computer Numerical Control lathe machine. Different experiments were performed, and the results of different groups were compared with each other. The results revealed that the addition of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles increases the strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy until the nanoparticles do not clump in the microstructure. In other words, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite increased by adding nanoparticles up to 1.5%, but by adding 2% of nanoparticles, we found that the tensile strength is lower than that of pure magnesium. Moreover, one of the most important achievements of this study is that if the nanoparticles do not clump in the material microstructure, the addition of Y2O3 increases the rate of stable creep (the secondary creep stage). Also, the experimental results indicated that the highest stable creep rate is related to the nanocomposite with 1.5% yttrium oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, the maximum hardness of the material was obtained in the same case.
A value chain perspective of the new normal travel behaviour: A case study of Indonesian millennials
Authors: Bire Rio Benedicto , Nugraha Yudha Eka
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is utterly reshaping the travelling industry. Accordingly, the tourism supply chain is presented with a tremendous challenge for adjusting towards new trends in travel, which stem from changes in tourist behaviours. This paper examines the contemporary millennial behavioural preferences within a tourism value chain perspective, a theme that is largely overlooked in literature. In carrying out the agenda, we employed a multi-attribute decision-making approach in PROMETHEE II, one which is new to the study of tourists’ behaviour. A sample of 316 Indonesian millennials who conducted domestic travel post–COVID-19 outbreak participated in the survey. Research results highlighted imagery user generated content (UGC), direct information from close relatives, accommodation services, self-catered experience and nature-based attractions to mostly resonate with the millennial traveller. In light of the results, we presented managerial implications that shed light for adjustments in the tourism value chain. This study contributes to extend the knowledge of millennials travelling behaviour from an alternative standpoint.
Effects of Different Irradiation Treatments on Total Saponins Content of Sapindus mukorossi
Authors: Shi Yu-Min , Yan Heng , Wu Lin-Sen , Xie Jia-Jia , Chen Hong-Guo
Published: January 2022

Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is also known as Mu Huanzi, You Huanzi, soap tree, etc. The pericarp of  Sapindus mukorossi contains many saponins, which is a type of natural non-ionic surfactant. Its extract has vigorous surface activity and biological activities such as bacteriostasis, oxidation resistance, and free radical scavenging. The  Sapindus mukorossi extract is an environmentally friendly washing product that microorganisms can be rapidly decompose in nature without any environmental pollution.This study aims to investigate the effects of E-beam and Co60-γ irradiation on the total saponins content in the crude extract of the  S mukorossi. The  S mukorossi powder is irradiated with E-beam and Co60-γ ray at doses of 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kGy for E-beam and 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy, respectively, for Co60-γ ray. The changes in the content of total saponins in the crude extract, total detergency, and the bacteriostatic abilities before and after the irradiation were analyzed. The results showed that the content of total saponins in samples irradiated by E-beam was significantly higher than that in non-irradiated samples. The saponins yield was the highest at a radiation dose of 6 kGy, and the detergency and bacteriostatic ability were also the strongest. After low-dose Co6-γ irradiation, the total saponins in the  S mukorossi crude extract, and detergency and bacteriostatic ability had no apparent change. Conclusion: E-beam irradiation at a dose of 6 kGy can effectively improve the content of total saponins in the crude extract of  S mukorossi powder. In addition, its effects on detergency and bacteriostatic abilities are relatively significant. The findings provide sufficient reference data for the further development of  S mukorossi commodities.
People’s preferences for different types of rational numbers in linguistic contexts
Authors: Yang Xiaoming , Wang Yunqi
Published: January 2022

Rational numbers, like fractions, decimals, and percentages, differ in the concepts they prefer to express and the entities they prefer to describe as previously reported in display-rational number notation matching tasks and in math word problem compiling contexts. On one hand, fractions and percentages are preferentially used to express a relation between two magnitudes, while decimals are preferentially used to represent a magnitude. On the other hand, fractions and decimals tend to be used to describe discrete and continuous entities, respectively. However, it remains unclear whether these reported distinctions can extend to more general linguistic contexts. It also remains unclear which factor, the concept to be expressed (magnitudes vs. relations between magnitudes) or the entity to be described (countable vs. continuous), is more predictive of people’s preferences for rational number notations. To explore these issues, two corpus studies and a number notation preference experiment were administered. The news and conversation corpus studies detected the general pattern of conceptual distinctions across rational number notations as observed in previous studies; the number notation preference experiment found that the concept to be expressed was more predictive of people’s preferences for number notations than the entity to be described. These findings indicate that people’s biased uses of rational numbers are constrained by multiple factors, especially by the type of concepts to be expressed, and more importantly, these biases are not specific to mathematical settings but are generalizable to broader linguistic contexts.
“Run to the hills”: Specific contributions of anticipated energy expenditure during active spatial learning
Authors: Lhuillier Simon , Piolino Pascale , Nicolas Serge , Gyselinck Valérie
Published: January 2022

Grounded views of cognition consider that space perception is shaped by the body and its potential for action. These views are substantiated by observations such as the distance-on-hill effect, described as the overestimation of visually perceived uphill distances. An interpretation of this phenomenon is that slanted distances are overestimated because of the integration of energy expenditure cues. The visual perceptual processes involved are, however, usually tackled through explicit estimation tasks in passive situations. The goal of this study was to consider instead more ecological active spatial processing. Using immersive virtual reality and an omnidirectional treadmill, we investigated the effect of anticipated implicit physical locomotion cost by comparing spatial learning for uphill and downhill routes, while maintaining actual physical cost and walking speed constant. In the first experiment, participants learnt city layouts by exploring uphill or downhill routes. They were then tested using a landmark positioning task on a map. In the second experiment, the same protocol was used with participants who wore loaded ankle weights. The results from the first experiment showed that walking uphill routes led to a global underestimation of distances compared with downhill routes. This inverted distance-of-hill effect was not observed in the second experiment, where an additional effort was applied. These results suggest that the underestimation of distances observed in Experiment 1 emerged from recalibration processes whose function was to solve the transgression of proprioceptive predictions linked with uphill energy expenditure. The results are discussed in relation to constructivist approaches on spatial representations and predictive coding theories.
A review of COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah CJ , Tabbara Najla , Burry Lisa
Published: January 2022

Pregnant people have an elevated risk of severe COVID-19-related complications compared to their non-pregnant counterparts, underscoring the need for safe and effective therapies. In this review, we summarize published data on COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnancy and lactation to help inform clinical decision-making about their use in this population. Although no serious safety signals have been raised for many agents, data clearly have serious limitations and there are many important knowledge gaps about the safety and efficacy of key therapeutics used for COVID-19. Moving forward, diligent follow-up and documentation of outcomes in pregnant people treated with these agents will be essential to advance our understanding. Greater regulatory push and incentives are needed to ensure studies to obtain pregnancy data are expedited.
How Right-Wing Populists Instrumentalize News Media: Deliberate Provocations, Scandalizing Media Coverage, and Public Awareness for the Alternative for Germany (Afd)
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Jost Pablo , Schaaf Marlene , Sülflow Michael , Kruschinski Simon
Published: January 2022

The rise of right-wing populist parties in Western democracies is often attributed to populists’ ability to instrumentalize news media by making deliberate provocations (e.g., verbal attacks on migrants or politicians from other parties) that generate media coverage and public awareness. To explain the success of populists’ deliberate provocations, we drew from research on populism and scandal theory to develop a theoretical framework that we tested in two studies examining the rise of German right-wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) between January 2015 and December 2018. In Study 1, an input–output analysis of 17 deliberate provocations by AfD politicians in German news media revealed much more coverage about their attacks on migrants than about their attacks on political elites, although all were covered in predominantly scandalizing ways. Next, Study 2, involving media database research and an analysis of Google Trends data, showed that the provocations had increased overall media coverage about the AfD and influenced public awareness of the party
British penetration into and subjugation of Isokoland in South Central Nigeria, 1896–1911: A narrative
Authors: Okpevra Uwomano Benjamin
Published: January 2022

The Isoko, like other peoples of Nigeria, played significant roles in the historical process and evolution of Nigeria and should be acknowledged as such. The paper teases out much more clearly—and, more importantly, the multiple stages of the British expansion into Isoko. That is, how does that multi-stage, multi-phase process affect how we think more broadly about British colonial expansion in Africa in the 19th century? The paper deposes that the Isoko as a people did not accept British rule until the “punitive expedition” to the area in 1911 brought the whole of the Isoko country under British control. This is done within the context of the military conquest and subjugation of the people, colonial prejudices, and the resulting social economic, and political changes. The paper deploying both primary and secondary data highlights the role played by the Isoko in resisting British penetration into and subjugation of their country between 1896 and 1911. The year 1896 marked the beginning of British formal contact with the Isoko when the first treaty was signed with Owe (Owhe), while 1911 was when the Isoko were conquered by the British and brought under British control.
Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards Cardiothoracic Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 1675 Students
Authors: Dost Samiullah , Al-Nusair Lana , Shehab Mai , Hagana Arwa , Hossain Aleena , Dost Ahmed Jawad , Abdelwahed Aida
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were the following: (i) assess interest levels in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) among UK-based medical students, (ii) identify potential motivators and barriers to pursuing CTS training, (iii) explore the influence of gender on interest in CTS in greater depth.

Methods

Medical students from all year groups across UK medical schools were invited to participate in a cross-sectional, national online survey. Responses were collected from 02/12/2019 to 08/12/2019.

Results

1675 medical students from 31 UK medical schools responded, with an estimated 5.3% response rate. Of the respondents, 33.7% respondents reported having exposure to CTS, primarily through their medical school or through extracurricular activities (48.4% and 38.8%, respectively). When assessing interest in CTS, 31.4% were interested in undertaking a career in CTS, with a larger proportion of students expressing interest with no exposure to CTS than those with exposure. However, interest in pursuing CTS decreased with exposure as medical students transitioned from pre-clinical to clinical stages. Additionally, male participants were more interested in seeking a CTS post than their female counterparts (38% vs. 27.6%). The length of training ( p = 0.0009) and competitive nature ( p < 0.0001) of gaining a CTS post were the primary deterring factor for female participants, compared to their male counterparts.

Conclusions

This study shows the importance of quality of exposure and its impact on students’ interests in pursuing a career in CTS. The negative relationship between exposure and interest in CTS can be associated with the realisation of the challenges that come with pursuing CTS.