bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic information systems and libraries
Authors: Adams Roy J.
Published: July 2002

The data collected for management information purposes by libraries
can form the basis for a strategic information system. Examines the
potential for SIS in libraries, possible development paths and
applications. Suggests that libraries should examine the applications of
such techniques and how data for them could be effectively collected.
Developing a strategic planning framework for information
technologies for libraries
Authors: Hofmann Ulrich
Published: July 2002

The fundamental structural change caused by information
technologies not only affects the technical services of libraries but
also shapes the library services that are being offered to the public.
Libraries are possibly faced with a much more dangerous kind of
competition than the one customary among direct competitors: the
substitution competition caused by new information technologies. A first
step for supporting the necessary strategic planning and decision‐making
management is to collect information concerning assumptions, trends and
structures of these technologies. In this context, it is a matter of
reducing complexity in recognizing risks and trends in order to support
the development of measures in terms of preliminary navigation. Based on
structured expert interviews conducted in leading US libraries in the
summer of 1991. The first level of the study is the sectors: general
management, technologies, library services, value chain and resources.
The internal pattern of the sectors consisted of contrasting the status
quo, the strategic priority, and the strategically expected difficulties
of reaching the goal. The result is that the critical success factors
for US libraries in the strategic time frame will be a type of
technology management that requires a high degree of integration within
the areas of user‐oriented services (marketing) and personnel
competence.
Productivity in university libraries of developing countries: a
West and Southern African perspective
Authors: Sakyi Awuku Ohene
Published: July 2002

Probes, examines and analyses those variables that affect the
motivation and productivity of library staff in some university
libraries. Offers a comparative study based on the situations prevalent
in two West African (Ghana and Nigeria) and two Southern African (Zambia
and Botswana) countries. Highlights measurement of performance and
various techniques for improving the same. Makes a number of
recommendations to library policy formulators on how to improve the lot
of their subordinate staff and thus motivate them towards higher
productivity and the realization of organizational goals and objectives.
Adjustment of Chinese mainland vs. Western business expatriates assigned to Hong Kong
Authors: Selmer Jan , Ebrahimi Bahman P. , Mingtao Li
Published: July 2002

Business expatriates from the PRC mainland and Western countries assigned to Hong Kong were surveyed assessing their sociocultural and psychological adjustment. Despite their common cultural heritage, the results showed that Chinese mainland business expatriates were less well adjusted to work and life in Hong Kong than their Western counterparts. Implications of these findings are discussed and future avenues for improving and extending this kind of exploratory research are examined.
A comparative study of employee involvement initiatives in Hong Kong and the USA
Authors: Wimalasiri Jayantha S. , Kouzmin Alexander
Published: July 2002

Employee involvement (EI) initiatives have become increasingly popular in Anglo‐Saxon corporations over the past decade, but little is known about their appeal in Asia. A study was conducted in Hong Kong to examine the extent to which businesses were using EI practices. The data was compared with that from a similar study in the USA. The findings indicate wide variations in the operation of EI schemes and their impact on performance. Compared to the USA, the rate of adoption of EI initiatives in Hong Kong is slow and most organizations used EI programs only as morale‐boosters and motivational tools. Although EI was reported to have yielded some positive results in some companies, major obstacles to adoption include short‐term performance pressure, resistant culture and indifferent middle management. On the whole, US corporations are at an advanced stage of realizing the potential of EI programs compared to their Hong Kong counterparts.
Leadership in a new millennium: the challenge of the “risk society”
Authors: Berry Anthony J.
Published: July 2002

The “risk society” presents a considerable challenge to current understanding of the question of risk and the task of organisational leadership. Beck has proposed that we, in late modernity, are moving from an industrial society to a risk society, which requires a corresponding shift from modernism to reflexive modernism. A brief discussion of the risk compensation ideas of Adams will be used to bridge to some observation about how humans approach and understand risk in our society. Four stances towards risk are used as a basis for considering the modes of leadership associated with each of them. It is argued that this provides a starting point from which leadership theory may be extended from its mainly intra organisation perspective to include critical reflexiveness in an inter‐ and extra‐organisational framing. This goes beyond social responsibility to include a critical attention to how a risk society requires leadership to be construed in institutional terms.
Consulting to a “hurt” or “upset” organisation
Authors: Beeby Mick , Broussine Mike , Grisoni Louise , James Jane , Shutte Anna‐Marie
Published: July 2002

This paper explores the emotional experience of working with an organisation which was “hurt” or “upset” by a major reorganisation. It is argued that the emotional aspects of being a consultant are under‐discussed, and that an acknowledgement of the emotional effects of clients’ and organisational members’ projections is necessary in order to understand better the role, contribution and values of consultancy. The analysis is based on a recent intervention in a UK public agency. The context for the consultancy is discussed with reference to public sector change, including the growth of managerialism. The objectives of the consultancy, and the methodologies used, are outlined. The resultant data collected by the consultancy team are presented. The data are then analysed, and the emotional and relational aspects of the intervention are explored prior to a discussion of the implications of the team’s learning for the practice of consutancy.
Magical oracles and hand axes: lessons for building self‐confidence and employee ownership
Authors: Denton Keith
Published: July 2002

From ancient times, the need for control and the ability to gain it by developing tools, language and ideas has distinguished the human species. More recently, empowerment has been used as a way of ensuring members of an organization have sufficient control. This not only boosts trust and morale but enables people to take risks and respond to competitive challenges from every level of the organization. Essential measures for successful empowerment include passing on information on all aspects of the organization’s performance, providing training and using these to encourage either individual leadership or collective leadership as part of a team. Empowerment will not work unless we address the human need for self‐control.
Management consultants: what do they do?
Authors: De Jong Jan A. , Van Eekelen Ilse M.
Published: July 2002

Although much has been written on skills and strategies of management consultants, little research has been done on what management consultants actually do. In this study, three senior consultants were shadowed, each for a one week period. Management consultancy turns out to be a hectic and highly interactive job. Important interaction partners are clients, colleagues, and secretaries, although only the first are highlighted in literature. Catalytic intervention is the most dominant approach in client contacts. The relatively rare desk work sessions of management consultants are even more interrupted than those of managers. An important function of their desk work (and of their work as a whole) is structuring information gained in client contacts.
Tool changer integration utilising fieldbus
Authors: Piggin Richard , Young Ken
Published: July 2002

Fieldbus has been used to control self drill drive screw (SDDS), spot clinching and self pierce riveting tools mounted to a single robot with a tool changer. This has reduced wiring complexity and enabled more robust cable dressing. The network, tool operation and tool changer are described.
The Factory Automation show in Hanover
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Reports from the Hanover Factory Automation show. Reviews new robots and automation systems. Highlights applications using vision. Identifies trend for off‐line programming software from robot makers.
Object‐oriented and distributed programming of robotic and automation equipment
Authors: Norberto Pires J.
Published: July 2002

This paper addresses some aspects related to Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC) programming, and is based on two previously published papers and focuses more on application details. Recognising that one of the major problems of today’s Flexible Manufacturing Cells is the diversity of languages and hardware architectures present in the same FMC, we introduce an object‐oriented and distributed software architecture that can be used for FMC programming and monitoring. Application examples of an industrial FMC and an R&D/education setup are presented, in which we used an industrial robot and a force/torque/acceleration sensor. In the process some implementation details are presented and discussed.
Prototype trailer‐loading robot
Authors: Ottersbach John J. , Williams Robert L.
Published: July 2002

The Pallet Handling Device (PHD) is a five degree‐of‐freedom (dof) robot system under development by Stewart‐Glapat Corporation for autonomous loading of pallets into semi‐truck trailers at loading docks. The fully‐autonomous control is achieved using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and sensors. Ohio University has developed a one‐eighth‐scale prototype hardware system for PHD controls implementation and evaluation. This article describes the design and construction of this system, including the control architecture and PLC programming. The main objective of the scale hardware prototype is to demonstrate the autonomous control feasibility of the proposed full‐scale PHD system; this cannot be adequately performed in simulation.
Automatic guidance of agricultural mobiles at the NCEA
Authors: Billingsley John
Published: July 2002

An outline is given of a vision guidance project, completed and the product brought to market by the National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Queensland, and of carrier‐phase GPS methods at an advanced stage of experimentation. These establish an infrastructure for a small autonomous “robot farmhand”.
Rapid palletizing: simulation in the fast lane
Authors: Sorenti Peter
Published: July 2002

Gives an example of the use of offline 3‐D graphical simulation to assist in program generation for a robot palletizing operation, a technique which is proving increasingly cost effective. Describes GRASP, the 3‐D graphical simulation tool for robotics applications whose special palletizing module was employed, and reports on the successful outcome. Claims that GRASP has enabled verified robot programs to be generated which can be produced in less than a day, saving more than two days over the manual programming approach and reducing cell downtime from three days to less than two hours.
Robot disassembles explosive devices
Authors: Ray L.P.
Published: July 2002

Describes a robotic workcell developed to disassemble explosive components, which could present a hazard to humans taking them apart. The task is staightforward for a person but challenging for a robot, there being five primary components to deal with in each case. Provides a description of the workcell, the problems faced throughout and the constraints which had to be overcome. The workcell is scheduled to be fully operational later this year.
Industrial mobile robots: the future
Authors: Virk G.S.
Published: July 2002

Presents the state‐of‐the‐art in industrial mobile robotics within Europe and how the future industrial requirements can best be satisfied. States that the focus for the development of mobile robotic vehicles has been in hazardous applications such as the nuclear industry, petrochemical plants and offshore operations, but the same technology has potential for use in other areas ranging from construction, outdoor applications (forestry, anti‐personnel mine clearing), mining and leisure. Presents the results of the investigations carried out for the Brite Euram Thematic Network on climbing and walking robots where most of the countries in the European Union have been considered in the studies. Reports a major finding that mobile robots have an enormous potential for commercial exploitation but first some fundamental problems need to be solved; these concern improvements in sensors, actuators and powering technologies. Argues that the robots of the future also need to have strong autonomous capabilities, must be able to self‐learn as well as be reliable for continuous operation. Identifies modularity as a key feature requiring careful attention so that future machines can be easily and rapidly prototyped for new applications.
Atlas ‐ road robot
Authors: Dalton Graham
Published: July 2002

States that the Atlas navigation system is the fruit of four years’ work by a UK Robotics development team which, in conjunction with European partners, has been working on an ESPRIT funded programme to develop a fully automated road surfacing robot. Describes the project, which is now complete, with the ESPRIT evaluators awarding UK Robotics a commendation for the best contribution to the project. Concludes that there is no reason why Atlas’s technology should be confined to the building industry. Stations, car parks, nuclear installations, airports, mines and hospitals all currently employ mobile robots in some capacity, so might all benefit from Atlas.
Powder painting of truck cabs ‐ helping to preserve the environment
Authors: Josefsson Erland
Published: July 2002

Explains how, four years ago, Scania, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of trucks and buses, decided to invest in a more environmentally friendly method for painting truck cabs. Describes how the solution chosen for a new paint shop at Scania’s assembly plant in Oskarshamn, Sweden was powder painting based on robots from ABB Flexible Automation. States that paint robots are easy to operate and the quality of the coating is higher and more uniform than with conventional paint spraying. In addition, a more agreeable, non‐hazardous working environment is created for the paintshop personnel.
Tending the plastics industry’s needs
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

Shows how a leading supplier of robots to the plastics industry, ATM Automation, has extended its Leicester factory to incorporate a new Automation Centre. It has also formed a new Automation Division that is enabling the company to offer complete systems incorporating “downstream” automation. Orders for systems are now being won, one of the latest being to produce a car plastic trim sub‐assembly using a SCARA robot.
CyberGlass ‐ glass‐blowing robot
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Discusses the world’s first robot for glass‐blowing, developed by French company, CyberGlass Robotics. Looks at the various uses and how it can be adapted for various glass‐blowing techniques which are currently done by highly skilled and well‐trained people.
UK Robotics ‐ lost and found
Authors: Wilson Mike
Published: July 2002

Reports on a study organized by leading robotics organizations and sponsored by the DTI to review various sectors where the UK can develop a world‐class industry, namely: hazardous environments; transportation and services; construction; medical and pharmaceutical; food industry; agriculture and horticulture; and advanced robotics technology. Reviews the recommendations and proposes further action which should be taken for further development of a strong robotics industry.
Robot sets new standards in shot‐blasting
Authors: Nichols Chris
Published: July 2002

Details how robots are now being commissioned for work on surface treatment, cleaning and preparation. Robots are proving ideal and cost‐effective in applications which are known to be dangerous and where personnel/operator health and safety considerations predominate. Gives examples of the kinds of blast work being undertaken by robots; proving that there is an attractive return on investment and greater flexibility of operation.
GENERIS: the EC‐JRC generalised software control system for industrial robots
Authors: Ruiz Morales Emilio
Published: July 2002

This paper presents an overview of the main features of GENERIS, a generalised software control system for industrial robots developed by the EC‐JRC and financed by the EC‐DGXIII‐D1. After an introduction reporting the project history and its current development and exploitation state, the author analyses the required capability and quality attributes for a modern motion control system for robotics workshops and how GENERIS matches them. Thereafter, the GENERIS system capabilities and distributed architecture are described. The author concludes with the product organisation and the current and planned development activities.
Realigning organisational variables to support workplace behaviour
Authors: Hanna V. , Burns N.D. , Backhouse C.J.
Published: July 2002

Describes a charting technique that can help a company determine if the different variables in the workplace are combining to produce an environment that encourages positive workplace behaviour. The chart enables business managers to identify whether the organisational goals, performance measures and reward system, together with task and situation variables are all congruent or mutually reinforcing. The research is still at an exploratory stage and practical testing is continuing to examine the effectiveness of the chart. Some early case‐study investigations inside a manufacturing company are presented together with a synopsis of how the research will develop now the pilot study is complete.
An Alternative Scenario for Central and East European Transformation
Authors: Angresano James
Published: July 2002

Examines the main problems plaguing Central and East European nations.
Offers an explanation of why orthodox Western policies embodied in the
“shock” approach will not be effective for resolving the region′s
problems. Suggests an alternative perspective and type of economic
policy for alleviating economic and social problems throughout Central
and East Europe, namely that of the negotiated economy. Explains why
such an economy would be more efficacious for Central and East European
nations than orthodox policies have proved thus far.
Ford ‐ Valencia: just in time and just on site
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Describes the production of Ford’s new small car, the KA, which is being assembled in Valencia, Spain. Makes comparisons between the production of the KA and Ford’s earlier car, the Fiesta. Finds that the new KA comes out of the comparison more favourably.
Joining technologies for the next century: drivers and directions
Authors: Messler Robert W.
Published: July 2002

An ongoing revolution in the development and implementation of new materials has placed new demands on the ability to join these materials into devices, parts and components, and devices, parts and components into packages, assemblies and structures for both electrical and mechanical applications. Looks at the past successes and shortcomings of traditional joining technologies. Presents some obvious and some not‐so‐obvious directions as one attempt at prognostication of the needs for new joining technologies for the forthcoming new century.
Determining the probabilities of natural resting aspects of parts from their geometries
Authors: Lee S.S.G. , Ngoi B.K.A. , Lim L.E.N. , Lye S.W.
Published: July 2002

Proposes a computationally‐simple method, based on the centroid solid angle, for computing the probability distributions of the natural resting aspects of small parts, the fore‐knowledge of which can improve the design of vibratory feeders and orienting devices. The centroid solid angle (CSA) hypothesis postulates that the probability of a part coming to rest on a particular aspect is directly proportional to the solid angle subtended by the aspect with respect to the centroid (the centroid solid angle) and inversely proportional to the height of the centroid from the aspect in question. When benchmarked against Boothroyd’s energy barrier method, its results did not deviate from those of the energy barrier method by more than 0.04. Examines studies of a cylindrical prismatic part and a symmetrical T‐shaped prism. The drop tests used to obtain the authors’ empirical data were validated by experiments conducted on vibratory bowl feeders, subjected to different vibration frequencies. The tracks of one of the bowls was coated with urethane to simulate a soft surface. In the case of both frequencies, the empirical results are in generally good agreement with the predictions of the CSA hypothesis; the largest deviation was 0.07. As for the urethane track, the largest deviation was 0.08, thereby corroborating the results of the drop test method.
SmartCart is low‐cost AGV
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

Inductive guidance system for the SmartCart AGV allows very fast installation and re‐layout using adhesive stainless steel strips on the floor. Vehicles are self‐contained and can be individually programmed. The manufacturer gains its experience in AGVs through contract manufacture and has now designed its own system.
Combining academic excellence with industrial relevance
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

Ken Young, head of the Warwick Manufacturing Group’s Automation section, gave members of the BRA attending the 1998 AGM an account of the group’s activities. This article reports on that account, outlining the unique approach of the Warwick Manufacturing Group to training in engineering and process business management and the R&D activities of the Automation Group. Detailed reference is made to the SALVO (Strategic Advanced Lightweight Vehicle Operations) programme, in which the group is heavily involved. This project assumes the concept of an aluminium spaceframe with composite material panels to achieve a lightweight construction vehicle, which, it is argued, meets the market demands for a cleaner environment and customer satisfaction. A key element of the programme is an agile manufacturing approach in which robotics plays a critical role. Developments being undertaken in the group’s workshops on agile tooling, adhesive injection, MIG welding and self‐pierce riveting are described.
Profibus simplifies the design of new hydraulics applications
Authors: Johanson Herb
Published: July 2002

Describes the use of Profibus to monitor temperatures and pressures and control hydraulic actuators in both an injection molding machine and a powder compacting press.
Pneumatic proximity‐to‐tactile imaging device
Authors: Benhadj R. , Roome R.L.
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the development and the performance characteristics of a pneumatic proximity‐to‐tactile sensing device for automated recognition of manufacturing parts within flexible manufacturing environments. This tactile sensing device utilises a densely packed line array of IC piezoresistive pressure sensors, providing continuous variable back pressure output. The sensing elements incorporate a corresponding line matrix of air jets which form an air cushion between the sensing plane and the target when striking the object of interest. The back pressure output levels form the basis for the tasks of object detection and recognition. The system described is a research prototype and has been evaluated on a simple test rig: in this form it is not at a stage where it can be applied to a recognition situation on the shop floor.
A statistical approach to economical camera‐based colorimetric comparison
Authors: Brazier K.J. , Russell P.C. , Jones G.R. , Shankland I.
Published: July 2002

A system is described that uses a low‐cost off the shelf camera and computing components, along with software developed at the Centre for Intelligent Monitoring Systems (CIMS), to provide an economical solution to colour matching problems. It is aimed primarily at applications in which small differences between the colours of objects need to be identified. In a prototype system, tests have so far yielded favourable results in comparison with existing quality assurance, which relies on the judgement of a human expert. Colour differences between samples at the limit of human perception are repeatably detected.
Sensing and measurement were strongest features at Interkama
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

Interkama, the international fair for industrial communication, automation and measurement, is undergoing major structural changes, but new developments in sensing and measurement were well represented at the October 1999 exhibition in Düsseldorf.
Imaging laser radar for 3‐D modelling of real world environments
Authors: Fröhlich C. , Mettenleiter M. , Härtl F. , Dalton G. , Hines D.
Published: July 2002

The paper presents design details and applications of the recently developed 3‐D laser radar from Z+F. It presents models which have been constructed using the data from “inspection of tunnel tubes”, modelling of a “car body welding cell” and a “car body gripper” in the automotive industry as well as a “chemical process plant”. The laser radar was developed for use in industrial environments. Its twin design aims are measurement performance and robustness. The laser radar can be used with a range of mechanical beam deflection units to meet the needs of specific applications.
Micro‐module Peltier elaborated by flash technique and used as a humidity sensor
Authors: Sorli B. , Foucaran A. , Giani A. , Pascal‐Delannoy F. , Boyer A.
Published: July 2002

In this work an original humidity sensor is described. It is based on the study of Seebeck voltage evolution during the water evaporation of a micro‐module Peltier (MMP). The measurement principle is to detect (after cooling) the small temperature decrease created when total water evaporation occurs over the MMP. All the active thin layers of the sensor are made from (Bi2Te3)0.9(Bi2Se3)0.1 (N) films and (Bi2Te3)0.25(Sb2Te3)0.75 (P) films flash evaporated. Experimental measures were performed in a climatic chamber for several values of relative humidity (50 to 90 per cent). The phenomenon (evaporation) appears after a delay time τ. This delay time is the response time of the sensor. Therefore it is possible to draw the evaporation delay time as a function of relative humidity.
A sensor investigation for a concrete hydro‐erosion robot
Authors: Chamberlain Denis
Published: July 2002

Concrete decay has become a major ongoing problem for the developed world, affecting all manner of structures. The purpose of the reported research is thus to advance the prospects for the realisation of high capacity, robotic repair systems through sensor technology. Here, the particular target is the removal of defective concrete by the hydro‐erosion method. The main advantages of the method are that it is kind to the structure while having the potential to produce high definition excavations. Sensing has been investigated for both prediction of the hydro‐erosion task and real‐time process feedback. The latter is complicated by the extremely destructive hydro‐erosion environment, which precludes the use of conventional sensing probes. For this, vibration and process noise have been investigated to determine if diagnostic characteristics are detectable. To support the task, a predictive basis has been developed using non‐destructive testing (NDT) sensors within a data fusion model. Covermeter, rebound hammer, impact echo and surface dampness NDT data are fed into this. Progress is reported on this part of the ongoing research.
Recent developments in image capture for machine vision
Authors: Braggins Don
Published: July 2002

Describes developments in cameras for machine vision, outlining the
limitations of cameras designed for television purposes and going on to look
at linear array and matrix‐type video cameras. Examines the techniques
by which high resolution cameras achieve their results and also covers
asynchronous triggering, stop‐motion techniques, ways of maintaining
spatial digitization, finishing with the design of lenses and geometrical
distortion.
Space variant imaging
Authors: Ferrari F , Nielsen J , Questa P , Sandini G
Published: July 2002

Outlines the work of the Interactive Image Based Device for Effective
Communication project [IBIDEM] in its aim of developing a video phone useful
for lip‐reading by hearing‐impaired people, based on a new
generation of space‐variant sensors and using standard telephone lines.
The IBIDEM project is constructing a video phone using a camera with a
retina‐like sensor, a motorized system for moving the viewpoint of the
camera, as well as a display for the transmitted images which will allow high
resolution in the area of interest i.e. lips or figures, whilst still
maintaining a wide field of view. Experiments have been carried out to
evaluate the minimum requirements for the video phone in terms of spatial and
temporal resolution and the technical limitations which have to be taken into
account in the design of a visual sensor.
Structured light tracks seams
Authors: Vodanovic Bojko
Published: July 2002

Describes a rugged, high speed structured laser light triangulation‐based vision‐type sensor, with real‐time image processor, along with some actual applications. High speed is essential for a low dynamic error at the laser welding speed (10m/minute). Square butt joint, frequently used in welding, requires high sensor resolution and a complementary detection technique based on the reflected light intensity. Shows some welding techniques, based on the joint geometry measurements; illustrates capabilities of the vision‐based sensor.
Fabrication technology for microengineering
Authors: Lawes R.A.
Published: July 2002

Reviews some of the more important technologies used for fabricating microcomponents and systems – bulk silicon micromachining, surface micromachining and LIGA, a process for forming deep microstructures by lithography, electroforming and moulding. Discusses the relative merits of using synchroton, electron beam and excimer laser irradiation. Gives a comb actuator and an electrostatic motor as examples of micromachined components.
Exciting times for DSP
Authors: Jones N.B.
Published: July 2002

Reviews the impact of digital signal processing (DSP) on our everyday lives, and the potential for further development.
A digital data recording and playback system
Authors: Blake Peter
Published: July 2002

Describes a complex, high capacity, high speed digital data recording and playback system using four embedded processors running a mixture of LynxOS and task‐specific assembler kernels. The system enables multi‐channel asynchronous data to be recorded and reproduced with no loss of temporal fidelity.
C & I pins hopes on 1999
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

There was quite a high degree of product and process innovation at this year’s Control & Instrumentation Exhibition at the NEC, Birmingham, and exhibitors reported a better level of serious enquiries than last year, which could lead to future business. However, the three days of the exhibition were quiet, with fewer visitors than in the recent past. Possibly the location of the exhibition in Hall 6, some distance from the main exhibition area, meant that only visitors hoping to do business made their way there.
Towards the integration of concurrent engineering environments within organisational strategy
Authors: Tucker David , Hackney Ray
Published: July 2002

In an increasingly uncertain marketplace manufacturing organisations are striving to find new ways to meet customer requirements for competitively priced, customised products, delivered in shorter lead times. It is argued that to meet these demands there is a need to integrate the design, development and production functions within a concurrent engineering (CE) environment. The literature reports many cases of failed CE projects. One of the main reasons for this failure is believed to be a lack of formal methodologies to assist organisations with the processes required to move from sequential to concurrent product development phases. This paper describes the Cougar methodology which has been developed specifically to address this issue. The paper initially outlines briefly the progression of ideas within organisational theory from classical to contemporary strategy. It then considers the development and application of the Cougar methodology. Finally, a case study is described detailing the success of the concept within a leading UK engineering company with observations and proposals for further organisational analysis.
Capstone summary – Insights and implications for management development
Authors: Chan Daniel
Published: July 2002

Distils the key insights for management development from the four research papers, in this special issue taken individually as well as collectively. The perspective taken is one of strategy – for the industry practitioner or strategy/management consultant. The key insights that extend beyond the scope of individual research papers will be presented first, under the following themes: Lessons of brand/differentiation strategy; Managing a leading brand; A lesson from the case study; Strategy in a complex, turbulent and uncertain globalising environment. Key insights that are single research paper specific will be presented as follows: The story of Singapore Airlines and the Singapore Girl; Air wars in Asia: competitive and collaborative strategies and tactics in action; The Development of the airline industry from 1978 to 1998: a strategic global overview; Beyond Singapore Girl: grand and product/service differentiation strategies in the new millennium.
Learning building pathology using computers – a prototype application
Authors: Shelbourn Mark , Aouad Ghassan , Hoxley Mike , Stokes Eric
Published: July 2002

Building defects are notoriously difficult to identify, even by the most experienced surveyor. Traditional training methods of identifying defects in buildings involved the physical visiting of a property. This has become more difficult as insurance and organisational issues have made this practice unsafe and costly. Methods of training surveyors can be brought up to date with the introduction of desktop technology to provide learners with a rich set of learning resources in a much easier format. Defects generated from real life cases using digital cameras are stored in a format that can be transformed into QuickTime VR movies and then used to train inexperienced surveyors. This paper describes a prototype application using case‐based‐reasoning virtual reality and multimedia authoring technologies. The architecture of the system is described and some details of the methodology used are discussed. An iterative approach is used to develop the system and validate it.
Invalid party wall awards and how to avoid them
Authors: Chynoweth Paul
Published: July 2002

Considers the reasons for the invalidity of party wall awards. Examines decided cases under earlier party wall legislation in the context of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. Explains invalidity on the basis of an excess of the surveyors’ statutory authority. Defines this authority in terms of jurisdiction and power. Demonstrates the limits of the surveyors’ authority and emphasises the importance of strict compliance with statutory procedures. Concludes that surveyors should adopt an inquisitive and analytical approach to the scope of their authority to avoid the possibility of invalid awards. Echoes John Anstey’s earlier warning that surveyors should avoid a broad‐brush approach to their duties which will only leave them “covered in soot”.
Party walls and adverse possession: party wall divides lawyers and surveyors
Authors: Stroud Caroline
Published: July 2002

This paper concerns the 1999 Court of Appeal case of Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v. Waterloo Real Estate Inc., where it was held that a party wall can be adversely possessed by one of its owners. After an examination of the facts of the case, the paper analyses the legal requirements for a party wall to become adversely possessed; in particular the requirement that the land be possessed by the claimant and that the claimant has the requisite intention to possess the land. The practical consequences of the decision are also discussed, as well as preventative measures to avoid such situations arising.
Why the adjoining owner’s surveyor needs an engineer
Authors: Hurst Lawrance
Published: July 2002

This paper explains the reasons for the appointment of an engineer by an adjoining owner’s surveyor in the context of party wall and adjacent excavation works. Recent changes in contract procedures and professional relationships, together with associated downward pressures on fees, are identified as having contributed to a vulnerability for adjoining owners in these circumstances. The engineer’s role in scrutinising temporary works is therefore demonstrated to provide an increasingly important safeguard for adjoining owners.
The development of ground floor constructions: part 6 (subfloors)
Authors: Douglas James
Published: July 2002

Considers the development in construction of subfloors. Examines the various parts of the subfloor system. Discusses the need for and provision of subfloor ventilation. Shows that the main developments in subfloor ventilation have occurred in the last 30 years of the twentieth century. Highlights the dangers in overlooking the importance of subfloors to the performance of ground floors.
Adhesion of tiles for external cladding
Authors: Chew M.Y.L.
Published: July 2002

This paper highlights the significance of environmental effects and movements on the performance of tile adhesive. Discusses the selection of the appropriate tile adhesive for outdoor applications where the adhesive is subjected to thermal and moisture movements. The study has shown that the effect of temperature during and after application on the development of bond strength is significant. It was shown that adhesive with approximately 50 per cent of the water replaced by a polymer latex has the most consistent performance in the achievement of bond strength. Adhesive with 100 per cent of the water replaced by a polymer latex was found to dry up too rapidly to allow sufficient time for the adhesive to interact with the substrate at the adhesive/substrate interface. The results reflect the importance of a proper mix design, especially when work has to be carried out in hot and dry weather.
Contractual and statutory liability for building defects in Singapore
Authors: Donohoe Stephen
Published: July 2002

Singapore and the UK share the same common law heritage. English law was imported into Singapore through the colonisation of the island in the nineteenth‐century. Singapore law developed in a similar manner to English law, subject to exceptions to reflect the different ethnic and religious identity of Singapore. It is not true to say that English law and Singapore law are identical, despite their common law roots. Since the passing of the Application of the English Law Act in 1993, English statutes are no longer automatically followed in Singapore; however, English common law principles reflected in case law continue to be important. This paper looks at applications in contract law of key areas relating to building defects, such as materials, workmanship and design, in the context of contract law in Singapore.
BREEAM provides new and growing opportunities for work for building surveyors
Authors: Ross Jayne Michael , Mackay John
Published: July 2002

Recent years have seen a growth in the importance afforded to environmental issues, including the environmental aspects of property. One manifestation of this growth is the emergence of the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) developed by the Building Research Establishment (BRE). Using a limited research vehicle, this paper examines the basic requirements for a BREEAM assessment and the skills required to undertake such an assessment. It compares these skills with those held by building surveyors and considers whether building surveyors are sufficiently well placed to offer BREEAM assessments as part of their portfolio of services. The conclusion is that BREEAM assessments do represent a potential market opportunity which merits consideration.
The development of ground floor constructions: part 7 (underfloor heating)
Authors: Douglas James
Published: July 2002

Summarises the evolution of underfloor heating in buildings. Examines the main types of underfloor heating systems in ground floors. Discusses the pros and cons of this method of heating buildings. Shows that with the introduction of flow‐applied screeds and plastic piping, as well as improved installation and control procedures, underfloor heating is making a comeback in a growing number of new‐build schemes in the UK. However, this study indicates that it will be many years before universal confidence in the system is achieved.
Death‐watch beetle and its treatment
Authors: Wood Chris
Published: July 2002

Reviews EC funded “Woodcare” project conference held in London in September 1998. The research project studied the behaviour of the death‐ watch beetle and investigated why treatments had failed to eradicate the insect. An integrated pest management approach is advocated.
Office conversions: the effects of craftsman‐user interaction
Authors: Holm Mats G. , Bröchner Jan
Published: July 2002

While service quality receives growing attention in the construction industry, few studies have dealt with the relation between craftsmen and building users. However, when office staff are present in the building during conversion projects (refurbishment or office completion) craftsmen and users will interact. To analyse how this craftsman‐user interaction leads to satisfied or dissatisfied users and ultimately to reputations in the market, a questionnaire survey of office staff and craftsmen in two refurbishment and one office completion project has been carried out. While critical incidents are not as important as expected, the service provided by the contractor appears to be the key to improved reputation. Furthermore, minimizing noise and dust produced should reduce the number of negative views from building users. Findings from the craftsmen survey identify information and work satisfaction as fundamental ingredients for a contractor striving for a positive relation with the users.
Preparing for an uncertain future
Authors: McGregor Wes
Published: July 2002

The world of business is changing as never before. Faced with unrelenting pressures to achieve and maintain a competitive position, businesses are developing new work processes and channels to market, which render obsolete previously accepted practices for the deployment of workspace. Consequently, managers of workspace have to make a paradigm shift from their traditional transactional and reactive focus to one which is strategic and proactive. At its heart is an accommodation planning process that links effectively the strategic and tactical components, and in so doing ensures the close alignment of provision to the ongoing needs of business through time. Additionally, the performance of the work environment is subjected to rigorous evaluation, where the principal assessment criterion is the extent to which the work environment not only supports, but adds value to, business processes through enabling people to work anytime, any place and anywhere.
IT: useful tool or nemesis for facilities management?
Authors: Swift John
Published: July 2002

History since the Industrial Revolution shows an accelerating trend of change driven by changes in enabling technologies. Such changes give rise to a Darwinian evolution in commerce. The companies most likely to survive are those which can most quickly adapt to such enabling technologies. The World Wide Web provides a potent infrastructure for dispersed but cooperative information sharing. The emergence of powerful and cheap PCs and broadband communications challenges the orthodox organisation of business models. The possibility of dispersed but tightly integrated companies has become a reality. Individual facilities managers may opt to: plan careers outside FM; compete for the remaining work; seek to develop FM to encompass the changed nature of commerce and the facilities provided. Institutions are not exempt from such changes. Academic qualifications need to be date‐stamped. A ten‐year old degree may be of little value when a decade of technological progress has eroded its academic base.
Modelling the effect of airport noise on residential property values: an examination of the Manchester Airport second runway
Authors: Pitt Michael , Jones Mark
Published: July 2002

The management of large‐scale facilities such as airports requires a wide knowledge of potential problems that can arise as a result of strategic decisions. These decisions are often made many years before they come to fruition. The paper focuses on the potential compensation problems surrounding the construction of a new runway with particular reference to Manchester Airport; and examines the methods of practice and theory which may be adopted in the valuation of residential property affected by physical factors arising from the construction of a new installation.
Integration of modern HRM practices across contractor boundaries in FM
Authors: Bowers Dave , Akhlaghi Fari
Published: July 2002

The paper reports an investigation of the premise that modern HRM practices ‐ used to encourage and motivate the workforce of an organisation ‐ can be extended to the peripheral workforce of contractors and agency staff. Literature review of HRM identified Communications, Teamworking, Training and Performance Management as suitable topics for consideration. Under these headings the project investigated the views of peripheral workers and their supervising managers within a facilities management environment. The data reveal a highly positive response to the topics with a significant degree of consistency across all groups of respondents. All categories attracted high scores with Teamworking coming out as the most favoured. The creation of genuine teams across contractual interfaces is highlighted as a means to significant enhancement of service provision.
Facilities management disability and emergency evacuation
Authors: Shields T.J. , Boyce K.E. , Silcock G.W.H.
Published: July 2002

Developments in recent years in safety legislation have shifted the burden of responsibility for safety to the owners and managers of facilities. This shift has occurred following a period in which increased accessibility to buildings and facilities for disabled people has been provided, and these to an increasing extent are being used by disabled people. Since most fires are accidental and therefore preventable, prevention has primacy. However, given a fire the facilities manager must be confident that procedures in place are sufficient to ensure safe evacuation of the premises if necessary.
Practical difficulties associated with constructing a residential investment portfolio
Authors: Mansfield John R.
Published: July 2002

The residential private rented sector (PRS) represents a major investment opportunity for individuals, corporates and institutions following the sector’s deregulation in 1988. Yet the sector retains historic perception problems by institutions. The development or expansion of a portfolio introduces a further range of costs and difficulties above those typically associated with acquisition in the commercial sector. Various mandatory and voluntary codes operate, acting as further regulatory factors. Difficulties with performance measurement, particularly indices, are highlighted and the applicability of financial market models is questioned.