bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National systems of education as a factor of socio-economic development of the world countries under the conditions of digital society
Authors: Voskresenskaya Nina O. , Murav’eva Ludmila A. , Kurmanalieva Ainur D.
Published: May 2021

This work verifies the hypothesis, according to which the systems of upbringing and education, historically developed by different nations, are the factor determining the pattern of their socio-economic evolution and the level of life quality of population. In order to verify the hypothesis, two groups of world countries were highlighted with opposite performances of economic and humanitarian development. Comparative analysis of basic socio-economic parameters in these groups of countries as well as their adopted systems of upbringing and education revealed serious distinctions. For countries with a high level of economic and human development, the most important goal of the educational process is the purposeful development of the intellectual, emotional, and volitional characteristics of children; the task of acquiring specific work skills in early childhood is not set. In the courtiers with low level of development, the situation is opposite. The final conclusion is that the level of economic and human development of people is directly related with their national educational principles and traditions. It is possible to develop an educational model, optimum for successful national development, and to create required conditions for its distribution in the world using advanced digital technologies.
Digital education as a method of reducing pedagogical goals and objectives
Authors: Denikin Anatoly V. , Denikina Zoya D.
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on a comparative characteristic of predigital and digital education. The study methodology deploys the differentiation of philosophical and scientific paradigms. Pre-digital education is associated with the classical paradigm. Accordingly, the parameters of pre-digital education include the notions of finite and true knowledge, a singular type of learning algorithms, a balanced learning process, and the deterministic influence of educational programs. The indicators of digital education are identified within the framework of the non-classical and post-non-classical paradigms. The non-classical form of digital education is characterized by the presence of alternative educational programs, the polysemantic object of study, infinite knowledge, and pragmatic orientation. This form of education accentuates the subjective and personal context, the opportunities for plural explanations, and the technologies for studying the singular, the local, and the fragmental. Digital education contributes to modeling infinite discourses and intersubjective practices. All educational innovations within digital education appear as a way of ontological and gnoseological construction. Digital education enhances the role of interdisciplinary education. The competencies of “cross-cutting” and extensive understanding of a complex subject appear. Students should be focused on the results of teaching in various disciplines. A consequence of the expanding learning opportunities is the necessary reduction of pedagogical goals and objectives.
Humanitarian knowledge in the age of digitization: challenges and results
Authors: Zamaraeva Elena I. , Naumov Aleksandr V.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the challenges faced by humanities education in the age of global digitization. A precondition of the research is the antinomicity of the concepts of humanitarian knowledge and digitalization. The research objective is to confirm the significance of humanitarian knowledge in formation of conceptual thinking as a basic skill of intelligent activity in modern world. The research applied comparative analytical method, on the basis of which the features of formation of conceptual thinking in modern school and university were considered, the significance of humanitarian knowledge was substantiated as a basis of formation of conceptual thinking, as axiological basis of personal and civil education of students, formation of social intellect, patriotism, civil and personal responsibility. The features of the use of visual aids are analyzed as deforming method upon formation of conceptual thinking of modern students in the age of total digitization, as well as the experience of distance learning in humanities under the pandemic conditions. It is concluded that the humanitarian knowledge is the most important resource in formation of conceptual thinking as a basic component of intelligent development, socialization and fostering of civil and personal self-consciousness of students in higher school.
The concept of just war in Russian and American linguistic cultures
Authors: Kabakhidze Ekaterina L. , Belogash Marina A. , Avdeeva Elena L.
Published: May 2021

The study examines the concept of just war in the military-political discourse and technologies of manipulating the mass consciousness used by the leaders of the Russian and American states in speeches based on the idea of just war. Lexical and semantic analysis of the lexemes “just” and “war” in Russian and English is carried out. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing attention to the military-political discourse and actualization of the concept. It received consistent substantiation and development in the works of medieval scholastics. In the 21st century, it serves the purposes of moral and ethical justification of modern military conflicts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the concept of just war at the lexical and semantic level and describe its ontological foundations and implementation in the Russian and American mental lexicons. Based on the analysis, the authors have identified general and particular aspects of the just war concept in the Russian and American mental lexicons and described the mechanisms of mind control in the political discourses of B. Obama and V.V. Putin.
On the issue of practice-oriented education in distance learning
Authors: Kovaleva Мaria N. , Mrvich Nadezhda V. , Pakhonina Elena V. , Sinitsyna Tatiana I. , Shibaev Dmitriy V.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the challenges of implementation and organization of practice-oriented education in the format of distance learning. The distance format included all spheres of life, thus promoting implementation of federal program of digital economy of the Russian Federation. The study is based on collection, analysis and generalization of data of the Russian and foreign experience of distance learning, including the technologies of artificial intelligence, virtual practices, education in the pandemic environment. Adaptation to the innovative distance format of communications revealed certain challenges, which should be investigated separately. The aim of this article is to determine and to propose optimum methodological solutions for practice-oriented education during learning of social humanitarian disciplines. The result of this work is a set of methods used for distance learning oriented at formation of professional competences for social humanitarian disciplines. Neural interfaces, digital educational platforms, digital didactics can be attractive for digital economy, business, investments. The significance of the work is in that the rich practice of various educational structures, experience of teachers, practicians and theoreticians, exchange at various discussion sites would allow to find the optimum solution to allowable usage of distance learning regarding the Russian Federal Educational Standard as well as development of methodological apparatus of social humanitarian disciplines.
Social networking service in oral history research and education project
Authors: Pushkareva Tatiana V. , Agaltsova Darya V. , Shemyakina Elena M. , Ivanova Ekaterina Y.
Published: May 2021

This article describes the experience of supplementing conventional Learning Management Systems (LMS) with Social Networking Service (SNS) aiming at analysis of historical memory of the Soviet past using the method of Oral History by Paul Thompson (1935). Opportunities of the Russian social network, VKontakte, were used for execution of research and education project: Family Memory of the Soviet Past (2014-2020) for students specializing in Culturology at Russian State Social University on the basis of Memory Studies and Oral History theories. This article presents the main educational and scientific results of the project. Using the SNS, the practical component of humanitarian education was implemented; the VKontakte project activity allowed involving student groups in researching; transcripts and photos were collected in digital archive, analysis and discussion were performed. The VKontakte network group demonstrated opportunities of international student research in post-Soviet countries, allowed students to master practical skills of acquisition and analysis of empirical data, as well as became an identification factor of a student group as a part of scientific community.
The sociology and education of the political elite in post-Soviet Georgia
Authors: Tukvadze Avtandil A. , Ubilava Irakli Z. , Shulenina Nadezhda V. , Gelashvili Helen Z. , Giorgashvili Nana A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the main reasons that led in the post-Soviet period to the process of replacing the ruling classes with the counter-elite are analyzed. In the study, using the dialectical methodology, the authors identify trends and, following them in a logical chain, explain the order of procedures for political elites’ circulation. This paper also focuses on the education factor, which significantly determines the process of formation and circulation of political elites in post-Soviet Georgia. If, in the Soviet period, one of the criteria for the formation and recruitment of local elites was local education, the trend in this direction in post-Soviet Georgia has been changed significantly. Education gained in Western, EuropeanAmerican universities has been one of the defining factors in the formation and recruitment of political elites by Georgia since its independence. However, in Georgia, mainly in Tbilisi, there are educational centers, socalled “elite schools”, the vast majority of which are attended by children of new Georgians, but according to the criteria of skills, 3-4 percent of schools accept students. This is the first phase of education for junior members of local political and powerful financial groups. The second phase is the migration of graduates of these institutions to higher education institutions of Western countries to get an education. Which makes it easier for returnees to the homeland to integrate into the elite structure. In conclusion, those criteria are set out that are necessary factors for replacing the power elite with the counter-elite.
Social networks as a search tool for historical sources
Authors: Kuzmina Anna V. , Borisov Sergey D.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the use of social networks as a search tool for historical sources. The opportunity is analyzed to use social networks for surveying witnesses and participants in the considered events of regional history of the second half of the 20th century. This article also analyzes advantages of addressing social networks in the students’ projects to improve the oral history methods and development of professional skills of data search and processing. The importance of such joint activity of historians of various generations for patriotic upbringing is emphasized, the relevance of addressing online sources under the pandemic conditions is determined. The use of social networks as a means to replenish gaps in the set of sources is exemplified by the project devoted to social and economic history of Sevastopol. It is summarized that the most informative was the communication with Odnoklassniki network, since it is the leading platform in the Russian segment of Internet regarding the age group of concern: 46+. The methods of operation with social networks are not confined only by the oral history. A researcher is capable to study materials of profile groups and to detect unique photos. It has been concluded that it would be reasonable to perform historical research in social networks by interviewing respondents: bearers of historical memory.
Secondary education reform priorities under globalisation: the case of Ukraine in comparison with China, Germany and Poland
Authors: Lokshyna Olena , Dzhurylo Alina , Hlushko Oksana , Shparyk Oksana
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the analysis of the secondary education reform priorities in Ukraine in comparison with China, Germany and Poland under globalization. The following research questions were asked: (1) What are the education development benchmarks at the global and European levels? (2) What are the common characteristics of the reforms that countries are implementing guided by global and European benchmarks? (3) Is secondary education reform in Ukraine harmonized with the reforms implementing worldwide? The desk research was used. This manuscript targets the international (UN, EU) and national institutional plans/strategies/movements that have attempted to bring or are bringing systemic change into educational practices (curriculum reforms and operational structures). The study confirms the methodological proposition that globalization changes the very format of educational policy development – the national level is complemented by the supranational level in the face of international organizations. A comparative analysis of the education reforms directions in the analysed countries showed that the countries takes into account the key benchmarks of the international organizations, i.e. ensuring equal access to education and improving its quality. In Ukraine, the new legislation guarantees the enrolment in primary school without a competition; territorial accessibility of general secondary education; financing of educational institutions at the expense of state and local budgets in the amount sufficient to meet state standards; compliance with the requirements of the legislation on the accessibility of educational institutions for persons with special educational needs. The transformation of the content of education into competence bases is another important component of the current Ukrainian secondary education reform. It involves the change of the traditional philosophy – from the transfer of knowledge to the formation of students’ vital/key skills/competences (interdisciplinary, transversal competences, ICT skills, learning to learn, working with information, teamwork skills, participation in society, moral values, etc.). It is stated that Ukraine is to continue the reforms in order to further harmonise its education with the European and world education developments.
Content substantiation of the regional advanced training educational program “Kaizen Technology”
Authors: Trubavina Iryna , Petryshyn Ludmyla , Cwer Andrew M. , Polacko Jozef , Monastyrskyi Grygorii , Kultchyckyi Vitalii , Mirshuk Oleksii , Medvid Yulia
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the article is related to the need to modernize school education in Ukraine in the context of reform on the basis of the best world standards and models. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of Kaizen technology in secondary education, to substantiate the content of the regional educational program of teachers’ professional development on this basis. The research methods are theoretical analysis, synthesis, modeling, systematization, generalization and survey. The results of the research are following: the essence of the possibilities of Kaizen technology in secondary education is revealed, the complex of approaches to the program content development is determined and its content is substantiated. There are three modules such as “The essence and origins of Kaizen technology”, “Lean-education”, “Management in education based on Kaizen technology”. Conclusions: Kaizen technology is a long-term strategy of personal development, based on the creativity of the teacher; mastery of Kaizen is carried out in three stages; the updated content of teacher advanced training is based on a set of scientific approaches; the criterion for the effectiveness of Kaizen technology and its purpose is the professional readiness of teachers for creative and constructive professional activity and continuous self-development.
Conditions of blended learning implementation in H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University: experience of Physics and Mathematics Faculty
Authors: Ponomarova Nataliia , Gulich Olena , Zhernovnykova Oksana , Olefirenko Nadiia , Masych Vitalii
Published: May 2021

The entire education system of Ukraine in the realities of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 found itself in a situation of the challenge for the immediate implementation of distance learning in educational institutions of all levels. Despite the presence of a relatively large number of scientific studies on the features of distance education, they were not enough for its practical implementation. A blended form of learning requires a combination of asynchronous and synchronous modes of distance learning, finding optimal tools and ways to interact with students, adapting traditional methods of studying disciplines to new conditions, overcoming inequality of participants in the educational process in technical support, mastering digital technologies. Analysis of the experience of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University showed that the conditions for the introduction of blended learning in institutions of higher pedagogical education are: advanced training and appropriate retraining of teaching staff; building a model of blended learning as a starting point for distance learning; development of educational and methodical support of educational disciplines taking into account the requirements of blended learning; implementation of all elements of the educational process in blended learning; providing participants of the educational process with organizational, methodological, technical and psychological support.
Digital intelligence of a modern economist: an exploratory case study
Authors: Glazunova Olena , Saiapina Taisiia , Korolchuk Valentyna , Kasatkina Olga , Voloshyna Tetiana
Published: May 2021

In the current context of digitalization of various spheres of life, an important characteristic of participants in a digital society is the level of their digital intelligence. The level at which future economists develop their digital intelligence skills during university depends on their successful employment and career development. The presented article analyses the concept of digital intelligence of an economist on the basis of the Digital Quotient framework developed by the Digital Intelligence Institute, characterizing the levels of “Digital Citizen”, “Digital Creator”, “Digital Entrepreneur” for such components of digital intelligence as: Digital Changemaker Identity, Digital Use, Safety Digital, Digital Security, Digital Emotional Intelligence, Digital Communication, Digital Literacy, Digital Rights. For the first time, the contents of an academic discipline of a university training programme for future economists have been proposed, in the course of which digital intelligence skills can be developed. The authors demonstrate the stages of formation, indicators for different levels of formation, content and examples of educational representation of material. They offer the stages of Digital intelligence development in the framework of studying the course modules, the implementation of project work and the solution of the real case studies during academic training. The results of the pilot study for achieving all three levels of digital intelligence. A statistical analysis of the results of the experiment was carried out and their relevance proved.
Teamwork as an interactive educational technology at pedagogical universities
Authors: Volkova Natalia , Lebid Olha , Hrom Olha , Zinukova Nataliia , Korobeinikova Tetiana
Published: May 2021

A significant shift is taking place at higher educational institutions and emphasizes group or teamwork during the academic process. This article introduces incorporating teamwork into pedagogical courses. The application of the teamwork pedagogy is relevant due to a strong necessity to find a successful educational technology of professional teachers' competencies development required by the modern international labor market. Sufficient results have been achieved with the use of theoretical and empirical research methods as analysis, generalization, and systematization of scientific papers, observation, reflectivity, and social intelligence diagnosis, pedagogical modeling, questioning, and collecting data. The scientific novelty of the theoretical part is highlighted through the importance of applying teamwork as a more successful educational technology, proving effective tools, and strategies for designing the new teamwork-based educational process of master's degree students in Pedagogy. On the practical side, this new pedagogy has been applied in two universities, and it is concluded that teamwork can enhance problem-solving and creativity, generates understanding, support, commitment, acceptance, and bring out the best of the future university teacher.
Management of educational institutions with inclusive education based on innovative technologies
Authors: Vakaliuk Tetiana , Novitska Inesa , Verbovsky Igor , Rozhnova Tetiana , Kontsedailo Valerii
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the theoretical and methodological basis of the organization of management of educational institutions, especially in the organization of management of educational institutions with inclusive education based on innovative technologies. Lack of conceptual and operational-practical aspects of management of educational institutions, which leads to spontaneity in the mechanisms of innovation management, lack of definition of target and value aspects of such changes, necessitates the development of a new model of management of educational institutions that would take into account new trends in inclusive education, provided favorable conditions for innovation, asserted humanistic values as a priority in the development of innovative educational space. The paper presents and scientifically substantiates the model of management of educational institutions with inclusive education based on innovative technologies, as well as key components of the organization of the educational process, which determine the areas of management in educational institutions. The algorithm of the introduction of managerial innovative technologies is offered, and also the innovative technologies which are necessary for the realization of the model of innovative management of educational institutions with inclusive training are systematized and analyzed. Analyzing the results of the experiment, it can be argued that innovative technologies are a necessary condition for successful innovation management. The introduction of innovative educational management requires an analysis of all stages of innovation, from the process of preparation to the introduction of innovations; finding out the direction of pedagogical processes, trends in their development, compliance with goals, identifying potential opportunities for the system.
Kinderschutz in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Mairhofer Andreas , Peucker Christian , Pluto Liane , van Santen Eric
Published: May 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie sowie die Maßnahmen zu deren Eindämmung bestimmen seit über einem Jahr das soziale, kulturelle, wirtschaftliche und politische Leben der Menschen. Auch der organisierte Kinderschutz ist von diesen Maßnahmen betroffen. Die Kinderschutzarbeit der Jugendämter während des Lockdowns sowie die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen sind Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. Er basiert auf einer bundesweiten Befragung aller Jugendämter im Frühjahr 2020. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die Jugendämter auch während des Lockdowns Aufgaben des Kinderschutzes wahrgenommen haben, und zwar prioritär. Weiter verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie strukturelle Herausforderungen der sozialarbeiterischen Kinderschutzarbeit verstärkt haben.
Intensivtagebuch – Implementierung trotz hoher Arbeitsdichte?
Authors: Renneis Lisa
Published: May 2021

Dass ein Intensivtagebuch viele Vorteile für Betroffene und Angehörige bezüglich ihrer Lebensqualität nach einem Intensivaufenthalt hat, wissen die meisten Pflegenden. Dennoch kann die Implementierung schwierig sein, wenn das Behandlungsteam beispielsweise eine hohe Arbeitsdichte empfindet. Autorin Lisa Renneis hat mittels einer Befragung auf den Intensivstationen der Universitätsklinik Mannheim GmbH mögliche Barrieren für eine erfolgreiche Tagebucheinführung identifiziert und ein Anwendungskonzept erarbeitet. Mit ihrer Arbeit hat sie beim 23. intensiv-Pflegepreis den 2. Platz belegt.
Prior Term Birth Decreases the Risk of Preterm Birth in a Subsequent Twin Gestation
Authors: Ward Clara , Nakagawa Sanae , Cheng Yvonne W.
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to examine the association between the risk of preterm delivery among women with twin pregnancies and their obstetric history.

Study Design We designed a retrospective cohort study of live twin births in 2008 in the United States that delivered after 240/7 weeks. Women were categorized into nulliparas, multiparas with prior term delivery, and multiparas with prior preterm delivery. The incidence of preterm birth was compared using Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results A total of 32,895 nulliparous and 64,701 multiparous women with twin pregnancies were included in the study. Of the multiparous women, 2,505 (4%) had a history of a prior preterm delivery. Multiparous women with prior term birth were more likely to deliver at term (43%) in the index twin pregnancy than nulliparous women (40%) and multiparous women with a prior preterm birth (21%; p < 0.001). Compared with nulliparous women, prior term birth was protective against preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.67 [95% confidence interval: 0.60–0.74] for delivery <28 weeks and aOR = 0.79 [0.71–0.77] for delivery <34 weeks).

Conclusion Among multiparous women with twins, a prior term delivery appeared to be protective against preterm delivery compared with nulliparous women with twins.

Key Points
The Association between Maternal Body Mass Index and the Risk of Perinatal Depression
Authors: de los Reyes Samantha , Dude Annie , Adams Marci , Castille Deshala , Ouyang David W. , Plunkett Beth A.
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the risk of perinatal depression is associated with body mass index (BMI) category.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women who completed an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire during the antepartum period at an integrated health system from January 2003 to May 2018. Risk of perinatal depression was defined as a score of ≥10 on the EPDS or an affirmative response to thoughts of self-harm. Risk of perinatal depression was compared by first trimester BMI category, defined as underweight (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2). Univariable analyses were performed using χ
2, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests as appropriate to evaluate the association between maternal BMI category, demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk of perinatal depression. Logistic multivariable regression models were performed to adjust for potential confounders identified as variables with p < 0.10 in univariable analysis.

Results Our analysis included 3,420 obese women, 3,839 overweight women, 5,949 normal weight women, and 1,203 underweight women. The overall median gestational age at EPDS administration was 27 weeks (interquartile range: 23–29). Overweight and obese women were more likely to be non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, multiparous, to have public insurance, prepregnancy diabetes, and chronic hypertension as compared with normal or underweight women (p < 0.001). In univariable analysis, the risk of perinatal depression was not significantly different among underweight (10.8%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.18) or overweight women (12%, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79–1.18); however, the risk was higher among obese women (14.7%, 95% CI: 1.21–1.55) compared with normal weight women (11.2%). In multivariable analysis, obesity remained associated with an increased risk of perinatal depression (adjusted OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.35).

Conclusion Obesity is associated with an increased risk of perinatal depression as compared with women of normal weight.

Key Points
Indications for Maternal Echocardiography in Detecting Disease and the Impact on Pregnancy Management
Authors: Schnettler William T. , Zinn Caitlyn K. , Devaiah C. Ganga , Wilson John
Published: May 2021

Objective Few obstetric-specific guidelines detail the indications for screening echocardiography in pregnancy. The objective of the study is to examine the association of common indications for maternal echocardiography with the likelihood of abnormality identification, pregnancy management alteration, and conformity with current American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) guidelines.

Study Design This retrospective cohort analysis categorized all echocardiograms performed within pregnancy and the first month postpartum within a tertiary health system to correlate indications with abnormal findings.

Results Data from 226 echocardiograms were analyzed from 205 women. The most common indication for initial echocardiography was cardiac symptoms (34.6%). History of cardiac disease was the only indication demonstrating a significant association with an abnormal finding on initial echocardiography (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; p = 0.006). Postpartum status (OR: 4.9; p < 0.001), multiparity (p < 0.001), and tobacco use (OR: 2.2; p = 0.011) were demographic characteristics associated with the identification of abnormal findings on initial echocardiography. Abnormal echocardiographic findings were associated with changes in clinical management but did not correlate with adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes, which may support the impact of a multidisciplinary programmatic approach. ACCF appropriateness criteria correlated well with identification of abnormal echocardiographic results (p = 0.034).

Conclusion Although the presence of cardiac symptoms or history of diabetes failed to demonstrate association with abnormal echocardiographic findings, a history of prior cardiac disease, tobacco use, multiparity, and postpartum status were factors associated with identification of abnormal findings on initial maternal echocardiography. The ACCF appropriateness criteria for obtaining echocardiography can be applied to pregnant women with consideration for these additional risk factors.

Key Points
The connection between plasmon decay dynamics and the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy background: Inelastic scattering from non-thermal and hot carriers
Authors: Wu Shengxiang , Cheng Oscar Hsu-Cheng , Zhao Boqin , Hogan Nicki , Lee Annika , Son Dong Hee , Sheldon Matthew
Published: May 2021

Recent studies have established that the anti-Stokes Raman signal from plasmonic metal nanostructures can be used to determine the two separate temperatures that characterize carriers inside the metal—the temperature of photoexcited “hot carriers” and carriers that are thermalized with the metal lattice. However, the related signal in the Stokes spectral region has historically impeded surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as the vibrational peaks of adsorbed molecules are always accompanied by the broad background of the metal substrate. The fundamental source of the metal signal, and hence its contribution to the spectrum, has been unclear. Here, we outline a unified theoretical model that describes both the temperature-dependent behavior and the broad spectral distribution. We suggest that the majority of the Raman signal is from inelastic scattering directly with carriers in a non-thermal energy distribution that have been excited via damping of surface plasmon. In addition, a significant spectral component (∼1%) is due to a sub-population of hot carriers with an energy distribution that is well approximated by an elevated temperature distribution, about 2000 K greater than the lattice temperature of the metal. We have performed temperature- and power-dependent Raman experiments to show how a simple fitting procedure reveals the plasmon dephasing time as well as the temperatures of the hot carriers and the metal lattice, in order to correlate these parameters with the quantitative Raman analysis of chemical species adsorbed on the metal surface.
Emergent dynamics of the Lohe Hermitian sphere model with frustration
Authors: Ha Seung-Yeal , Kang Myeongju , Park Hansol
Published: May 2021

We study emergent dynamics of the Lohe Hermitian sphere (LHS) model, which can be derived from the Lohe tensor model [S.-Y. Ha and H. Park, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 13, 1312–1342 (2020)] as a complex counterpart of the Lohe sphere model. The LHS model describes aggregate dynamics of point particles on the Hermitian sphere HSd lying in Cd+1, and the coupling terms in the LHS model consist of two terms. For an identical ensemble with the same free flow dynamics, we provide a sufficient framework, leading to the complete aggregation in which all point particles form a giant one-point cluster asymptotically. In contrast, for a non-identical ensemble, we also provide a sufficient framework for the practical aggregation. Our sufficient framework is formulated in terms of coupling strengths and initial data. We also provide several numerical examples and compare them with analytical results.
Controlling cellular organization in bioprinting through designed 3D microcompartmentalization
Authors: Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Alipanah Fatemeh , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Alvarez Mario M. , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel , Tamayol Ali
Published: May 2021

Controlling cellular organization is crucial in the biofabrication of tissue-engineered scaffolds, as it affects cell behavior as well as the functionality of mature tissue. Thus far, incorporation of physiochemical cues with cell-size resolution in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has proven to be a challenging strategy to direct the desired cellular organization. In this work, a rapid, simple, and cost-effective approach is developed for continuous printing of multicompartmental hydrogel fibers with intrinsic 3D microfilaments to control cellular orientation. A static mixer integrated into a coaxial microfluidic device is utilized to print alginate/gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel fibers with patterned internal microtopographies. In the engineered microstructure, GelMA compartments provide a cell-favorable environment, while alginate compartments offer morphological and mechanical cues that direct the cellular orientation. It is demonstrated that the organization of the microtopographies, and consequently the cellular alignment, can be tailored by controlling flow parameters in the printing process. Despite the large diameter of the fibers, the precisely tuned internal microtopographies induce excellent cell spreading and alignment, which facilitate rapid cell proliferation and differentiation toward mature biofabricated constructs. This strategy can advance the engineering of functional tissues.
Transient dynamics and multistability in two electrically interacting FitzHugh–Nagumo neurons
Authors: Santana Luana , da Silva Rafael M. , Albuquerque Holokx A. , Manchein Cesar
Published: May 2021

We analyze the existence of chaotic and regular dynamics, transient chaos phenomenon, and multistability in the parameter space of two electrically interacting FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neurons. By using extensive numerical experiments to investigate the particular organization between periodic and chaotic domains in the parameter space, we obtained three important findings: (i) there are self-organized generic stable periodic structures along specific directions immersed in a chaotic portion of the parameter space; (ii) the existence of transient chaos phenomenon is responsible for long chaotic temporal evolution preceding the asymptotic (periodic) dynamics for particular parametric combinations in the parameter space; and (iii) the existence of various multistable domains in the parameter space with an arbitrary number of attractors. Additionally, we also prove through numerical simulations that chaos, transient chaos, and multistability prevail even for different coupling strengths between identical FHN neurons. It is possible to find multistable attractors in the phase and parameter spaces and to steer them apart by increasing the asymmetry in the coupling force between neurons. Such a strategy can be essential to experimental matters, as setting the right parameter ranges. As the FHN model shares the crucial properties presented by the more realistic Hodgkin–Huxley-like neurons, our results can be extended to high-dimensional coupled neuron models.
Dispersion and damping of ion acoustic wave in deuterium–tritium fusion plasmas with slowing-down distributed
α
particles
Authors: Lu F. F. , Liu S. Q.
Published: May 2021

The dispersion and damping rate of the ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in deuterium–tritium (D–T) fusion plasmas with slowing-down distributed α particles are investigated within the framework of kinetic theory. It is shown that the concentration of α particles has an important effect on IAWs. The frequency of IAWs decreases as the α concentration increases. Inversely, the damping rate increases as the α concentration increases. The results for slowing-down distributed α particles are compared with those obtained when α particles are assumed to have an equivalent Maxwellian distribution.
Stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage mechanism in a magnonic environment
Authors: Wang Q. , Brächer T. , Fleischhauer M. , Hillebrands B. , Pirro P.
Published: May 2021

We discuss the realization of a magnonic version of the STImulated-Raman-Adiabatic-Passage (m-STIRAP) mechanism using micromagnetic simulations. We consider the propagation of magnons in curved magnonic directional couplers. Our results demonstrate that quantum-classical analogy phenomena are accessible in magnonics. Specifically, the inherent advantages of the STIRAP mechanism, associated with dark states, can now be utilized in magnonics. Applications of this effect for future magnonic device functionalities and designs are discussed.
Shadow Hamiltonian in classical NVE molecular dynamics simulations involving Coulomb interactions
Authors: Hammonds K. D. , Heyes D. M.
Published: May 2021

Microcanonical ensemble (NVE) Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations are performed with negligible energy drift for systems incorporating Coulomb interactions and complex constraint schemes. In principle, such systems can now be simulated in the NVE ensemble for millisecond time scales, with no requirement for system thermostatting. Numerical tools for assessing drift in MD simulations are outlined, and drift rates of 10−6 K/μs are demonstrated for molten salts, polar liquids, and room temperature ionic liquids. Such drift rates are six orders of magnitude smaller than those typically quoted in the literature. To achieve this, the standard Ewald method is slightly modified so the first four derivatives of the real space terms go smoothly to zero at the truncation distance, rc. New methods for determining standard Ewald errors and the new perturbation errors introduced by the smoothing procedure are developed and applied, these taking charge correlation effects explicitly into account. The shadow Hamiltonian, Es, is shown to be the strictly conserved quantity in these systems, and standard errors in the mean of one part in 1010 are routinely calculated. Expressions for the shadow Hamiltonian are improved over previous work by accounting for O(h4) terms, where h is the MD time step. These improvements are demonstrated by means of extreme out-of-equilibrium simulations. Using the new methodology, the very low diffusion coefficients of room temperature 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride are determined from long NVE trajectories in which the equations of motion are known to be integrated correctly, with negligible drift.
PDF-ED-based adaptive waveform optimization for small slow target detection in strong clutter
Authors: Si Chengcheng , Peng Bo , Li Xiang
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the problem of small slow target detection in a strong clutter. By exploiting the characteristics of radar cross section fluctuation, the complex Gaussian procedure is utilized to model the matching filter output, introduce the Euclidean distance between the probability density functions (PDF-ED) to represent the resolvability of different hypotheses, and propose an adaptive waveform optimization algorithm that maximizes the PDF-ED between different hypotheses. Compared to the traditional ED between hypotheses, which only takes the mean value of the probability density into consideration, the PDF-ED metric considers the shape of the PDF curve and specifies the essential difference between two hypotheses in terms of information geometry. In this way, the proposed algorithm enhances the target and suppresses the clutter by reducing the side lobes at specified delay-Doppler units, resulting in the improvement of detection performance. The numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Far-detuned mid-IR wavelength conversion at 4.05 µm in a tellurium oxide rib waveguide pumped at 1550 nm: Design and analysis
Authors: Saini Than Singh , Arora Shilpi , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: May 2021

We report the design and numerical analysis of a tellurium oxide rib waveguide pumped with femtosecond laser pulses at 1550 nm for near and mid-infrared wavelength conversion at 0.96 and 4.05 µm, respectively. The wavelength conversion principle is based on the degenerate four-wave mixing in the designed tellurium oxide rib waveguide device. The corresponding detuning in the frequencies is as large as ∼120 THz at both sides of the pump frequency. This is the largest detuning of the frequencies obtained using a TeO2 rib waveguide via a four-wave mixing process to the best of our knowledge. Such waveguide-based light sources are required for various potential applications, including chemical sensing, absorption spectroscopy, and generation of quantum correlated photons on future nonlinear photonic integrated circuits.
Slip behavior during pressure driven flow of Laponite suspension
Authors: Kamdi Prophesar M. , Orpe Ashish V. , Kumaraswamy Guruswamy
Published: May 2021

We investigate pressure driven pipe flow of Laponite suspension, as a model thixotropic fluid. The tendency of the suspension to age is controlled by addition of sodium chloride salt to vary the ionic strength. We use a syringe pump to prescribe the flow and observe that a steady state flow is obtained. Unusually, the steady state pressure drop required to maintain a constant flow rate decreases with an increase in the flow rate, in qualitative contrast to the expectation for Poiseuille flow. We demonstrate that experimental results obtained by varying the flow rate, salt concentration, and flow geometry (pipe diameter and length) can be collapsed onto a single universal curve that can be rationalized by invoking slip of the suspension at the tube walls. The Laponite suspension exhibits plug-like flow, yielding at the tube walls. Our results suggest that the slip length varies linearly with the flow rate and inversely with the tube diameter.
Floral development and morphology of the mistletoe
Authors: González Favio , Suaza-Gaviria Vanessa , Pabón-Mora Natalia
Published: May 2021

Flowers in the Antidaphne genus are among the smallest in family Santalaceae. We traced the development and morphology of flowers in A. viscoidea and compared them with those in other members of the family. Both staminate and carpellate inflorescences proliferate through collateral and serial buds, and become dimorphic when fully elongated. The former are short racemes with a terete axes and a protective, cup-like distalmost bract; the latter are spikes with flattened, furrowed and longer axes with a leafy, non-protective bract. The staminate flowers (traditionally described as apetalous) initiate from transversely flattened primordia, from which 3–5 stamens initiate opposite to variously reduced petals in an abaxial-to-adaxial direction. A massive, intrastaminal, lobed nectariferous disc, likely gynoecium-derived, is formed, with the lobes alternate to the stamens. The carpellate flowers initiate from radially symmetric primordia; they also possess three or four perianth organs. Floral monosymmetry of staminate flowers is likely due to mechanical constraint rather than to floral reduction. Our data support the current phylogenetic relationship between Antidaphne and the neotropical genera Eubrachion and Lepidoceras, all having unisexual flowers, lacking trichomes between the petals and stamens, sessile stigmas, and baccate fruits. The nectariferous disc is likely apomorphic for Santalaceae.
Aspects of the historiography of Australian archaeology
Authors: Howes Hilary
Published: May 2021

This article is a historiography, or critical review of the history, of Australian archaeology. It commences with a discussion of the two major regional histories of Australian archaeology, and a survey of the literature on the removal and scientific use of human remains. This is followed by an examination of the two major approaches to the history of Australian archaeology—individual and collective biography, and the use of specific archaeological sites or broader geographical regions—then three complementary but less used historical approaches. Finally, I offer suggestions for further research in the history of Australian archaeology.
James Waldo Lance 1926–2019
Authors: Burke David
Published: May 2021

James W. Lance was a clinical neurologist who created the first university-based department of neurology in Australia. He championed academic enquiry and the scientific basis of clinical practice, and his research had two major themes, motor control and headache. After his doctoral studies on the pyramidal tract of the cat, he became a pioneer of the new field of motor control studied in human subjects, making seminal contributions on the control of muscle tone, reflexes and movement in healthy subjects and the pathophysiology of movement disorders in patients. At the same time he developed a clinical research program into the mechanisms and management of headache, in particular migraine. These studies evolved into parallel experiments in human subjects, cats and monkeys, probing the control of the cerebral circulation and the mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain, for which he received international acclaim in both fields. He received international and Australian honours and was the first practising clinician to be elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is rightfully credited with leading the development of academic neurology in Australia and overseas.