bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A one health roadmap towards understanding and mitigating emerging Fungal Antimicrobial Resistance: fAMR
Authors: Fisher Matthew C. , Burnett Fiona , Chandler Clare , Gow Neil A. R. , Gurr Sarah , Hart Alwyn , Holmes Alison , May Robin C. , Quinn Janet , Soliman Tarek , Talbot Nicholas J. , West Helen M. , West Jon S. , White P. Lewis , Bromley Michael , Armstrong-James Darius
Published: November 2024

The emergence of fungal antimicrobial resistance—fAMR—is having a growing impact on human and animal health, and food security. This roadmap charts inter-related actions that will enhance our ability to mitigate the risk of fAMR. As humanity’s reliance on antifungal chemicals escalates, our understanding of their one-health consequences needs to scale accordingly if we are to protect our ability to manage the global spectrum of fungal disease sustainably.
In situ cell-surface conformation of the TCR-CD3 signaling complex
Authors: Natarajan Aswin , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Becerra Flores Manuel , Dibba Fatoumatta , Beesam Saikiran , Kikvadze Sally , Wang Xiaotian , Wang Wenjuan , Li Tianqi , Shin Hye Won , Cardozo Timothy , Krogsgaard Michelle
Published: November 2024

The extracellular molecular organization of the individual CD3 subunits around the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) is critical for initiating T cell signaling. In this study, we incorporate photo-crosslinkers at specific sites within the TCRα, TCRβ, CD3δ, and CD3γ subunits. Through crosslinking and docking, we identify a CD3ε′-CD3γ-CD3ε-CD3δ arrangement situated around the αβTCR in situ within the cell surface environment. We demonstrate the importance of cholesterol in maintaining the stability of the complex and that the ‘in situ’ complex structure mirrors the structure from ‘detergent-purified’ complexes. In addition, mutations aimed at stabilizing extracellular TCR-CD3 interfaces lead to poor signaling, suggesting that subunit fluidity is indispensable for signaling. Finally, employing photo-crosslinking and CD3 tetramer assays, we show that the TCR-CD3 complex undergoes minimal subunit movements or reorientations upon interaction with activating antibodies and pMHC tetramers. This suggests an absence of ‘inactive-active’ conformational states in the TCR constant regions and the extracellular CD3 subunits, unlike the transmembrane regions of the complex. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of TCR signaling, which may inform the development of therapeutics for immune-related disorders.
Intermolecular interactions, regioselectivity, and biological activity of l-ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid and their cocrystal
Authors: Evtushenko Diana N. , Fateev Alexander V. , Khainovsky Mark A. , Polishchuk Julia , Kokorev Oleg V. , Nasibov Temur F. , Gorokhova Anna V. , Bariev Usman A. , Zaitsev Konstantin V. , Khlusov Igor A. , Vodyankina Olga V.
Published: November 2024

The conformer of the l-ascorbic acid molecule in the co-crystal with nicotinic acid has a higher pharmacological activity compared to the molecules of the pristine l-ascorbic acid which is confirmed by theoretic and experimental results.
Investigation on heterogeneous Rh catalysts for the hydroformylation of 1,3-butadiene to adipic aldehyde
Authors: Gan Lijin , Liu Zekun , Feng Lei , Duan Yi , Xu Guangyuan , Chen Si , Yan Huan
Published: November 2024

g-C3N4 supported Rh atoms with precise coordination engineering by various phosphine ligands were synthesized. The influence of phosphine ligands on the catalytic performance of 1,3-butadiene hydroformylation was comprehensively investigated.
The O2-stable [FeFe]-hydrogenase CbA5H reveals high resilience against organic solvents
Authors: Gerbaulet Martin , Hemschemeier Anja , Happe Thomas
Published: November 2024

CbA5H from Clostridium beijerinckii is an oxygen-stable [FeFe]-hydrogenase. Here we report that CbA5H is stable in high concentrations of acetone and acetonitrile and also withstands intermediate concentrations of DMSO, ethanol and methanol.
Alkyl initiated ring opening polymerization of lactide by indium complexes supported by NCN pincer ligands
Authors: Iwase Takeo , Habibzadeh Afagh , Goonesinghe Chatura , Nyamayaro Kudzanai , Chang Joseph , Wai-Lok Poon Jason , Rushdy Salik Hasan , Koh Justin , Patrick Brian O. , Mehrkhodavandi Parisa
Published: November 2024

Alkyl-indium NCN pincer complexes supported by amine donors are significantly more active for lactide polymerization than the analogous imine derivatives.
Real-time autonomous control of a continuous macroscopic process as demonstrated by plastic forming
Authors: Muroga Shun , Honda Takashi , Miki Yasuaki , Nakajima Hideaki , Futaba Don N. , Hata Kenji
Published: November 2024

To meet the need for more adaptable and expedient approaches in research and manufacturing, we present a continuous autonomous system that leverages real-time, in situ characterization and an active-learning-based decision-making processor.
Chronological effects of oxygen on the structural transformations of polyacrylonitrile fibers during the rapid thermal stabilization process
Authors: Li Shiyang , Chen Liang , Liu Jie , Li Yixin , Tang Jian , Jiang Rongchao , Wang Xiaoxu
Published: November 2024

The effects of oxygen on the structure changes of PAN fibers during the rapid thermal stabilization are chronological, including thermal-driven dehydrogenation, oxidation and cyclization in the shorter, intermediate and longer periods, respectively.
Self-immolative polydisulfides and their use as nanoparticles for drug delivery systems
Authors: Völlmecke Katharina , Kramer Maurice , Horky Corinna , Dückmann Oliver , Mulac Dennis , Langer Klaus , Kuckling Dirk
Published: November 2024

Polydisulfide based nanoparticles can be degraded by glutathione (GSH) to deliver hydrophobic drugs.
Aqueous-mediated DABCO and DABCO-ionic liquid catalysed synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarins: exploration by kinetic, electrochemical and spectroscopic studies
Authors: Shanbhag Arpita A. , Shastri Lokesh A. , Shastri Samundeeswari L.
Published: November 2024

Efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarins using DABCO and DABCO-ionic liquid catalyst.
Mechanically processed Sardinian wool promotes C–C bond synthesis under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Behera Sourav , Cuccu Federico , Basoccu Francesco , Barranco Stefano , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: November 2024

Sardinian wool serves as a sustainable and efficient catalyst for solvent-free aldol, nitro-aldol, and Knoevenagel reactions, transforming waste biomass into valuable products and supporting circular economy principles.
Unraveling the mechanism of the CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over VOx/CeO2: an operando spectroscopic study
Authors: Schumacher Leon , Funke Marius , Hess Christian
Published: November 2024

The CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane is of great interest for the use of CO2 in chemical industry. Using multiple operando spectroscopy the catalysts mode of operation is unraveled facilitating the development of improved catalysts.
Molecular insights into the in situ early-stage assembly of metal–organic frameworks on cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Zhang Kailong , Smith Micholas Dean , Li Mi
Published: November 2024

Experimental and computational study revealed that the metal ions and carboxylates coordination and the ligands and hydroxyls hydrogen bonding are the major interactions creating nucleation sites that drive MOF growth and assembly on the CNF fiber.
Synergistic coupling of a CuNi alloy with a CoFe LDH heterostructure on nickel foam toward high-efficiency overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Dan , Chu Yuan , Wu Youzheng , Zhu Mengkang , Pan Lin , Li Ruopeng , Chen Yukai , Wang Wenchang , Mitsuzaki Naotoshi , Chen Zhidong
Published: November 2024

The synergy of the CuNi alloy and CoFe LDH can adjust the electron distribution at the interface and optimize the free energy of adsorbed intermediates, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the rate-determining step.
Nano-bio interactions of Gum Arabic-stabilized lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Mirmajidi Hana , Lee Hyojin , Nipu Niepukolie , Thomas Jith , Gajdosechova Zuzana , Kennedy David , Mennigen Jan A. , Hemmer Eva
Published: November 2024

Capping of lanthanide-based nanoparticles with Gum Arabic improved their dispersibility in biologically relevant media, chemical as well as optical stability, and biocompatibility towards cells and zebrafish.
Enhanced luminescence and stability of TFMDSA nanoparticles via polymer-induced aggregation for bioimaging
Authors: Li Xiang , Ren Xue , Luo Yuchao , Shi Haotian , Xie Zhigang , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing
Published: November 2024

We present the synthesis of two TFMDSA nanoparticles, demonstrating outstanding luminescence efficiency and stability. These nanoparticles were subsequently employed in cellular imaging applications, yielding satisfactory imaging outcomes.
Charge transport properties of high-mobility indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors fabricated through atomic-layer deposition
Authors: Park Sang-Joon , Park Se-Ryong , Na Jong Mu , Jeon Woo-Seok , Kang Youngjin , Ham Sukhun , Kim Yong-Hoon , Chung Yung-Bin , Ha Tae-Jun
Published: November 2024

Charge transport properties of indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors fabricated by atomic-layer deposition are investigated through comparative analyses based on steady-state DC and time-domain transient measurements.
Synergistic bio-inspired photocatalytic hydrogen production by chlorophyll derivative sensitized Nb2CTx MXene nanosheets
Authors: Zheng Tianfang , Yang Lin , Xu Hai , Li Aijun , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Wang Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2024

A novel bio-inspired composite system consists of chlorophyll (Chl) and Nb2CTx nanosheets is synthesized for synergistic photocatalytic hydeogen production.
Sequence variation in the active site of mobile colistin resistance proteins is evolutionarily accommodated through inter-domain interactions
Authors: Joshi Avani , Matange Nishad
Published: November 2024

Sequence variation among homologous proteins can shed light on their function and ancestry. In this study, we analyze variation at catalytic residues among MCR (mobile colistin resistance) proteins, which confer resistance to the last resort antibiotic, colistin, in gram-negative bacteria. We show that not all naturally occurring variants at a lipid A-binding residue, Ser284, are tolerated in MCR-1. In particular, the substitution of Ser284 with Asp, found naturally in MCR-5, resulted in diminished colistin resistance. Using phylogenetic analyses and structure predictions we trace back variation at this site among MCRs to their ancestors, i.e. EptA phosphoethanolamine transferases that are encoded by diverse bacterial genomes. Mutational studies and AlphaFold-based structural modeling revealed that the functional importance of position 284 varies between phylogenetically distant MCRs, i.e. MCR-1 and MCR-5. Despite a high degree of similarity among their catalytic domains, inter-domain interactions were not conserved between MCR-1 and MCR-5 due to their different ancestries, providing a mechanistic basis behind the different phenotypes of similar mutations at position 284. Our study thus uncovers subtle differences in the organization of domains among MCR proteins that can lead to substantial differences in their catalytic properties and mutational tolerances.
Investigating the differential structural organization and gene expression regulatory networks of lamin A Ig fold domain mutants of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Dutta Subarna , Kumar Vikas , Barua Arnab , Vasudevan Madavan
Published: November 2024

Lamins form a proteinaceous meshwork as a major structural component of the nucleus. Lamins, along with their interactors, act as determinants for chromatin organization throughout the nucleus. The major dominant missense mutations responsible for autosomal dominant forms of muscular dystrophies reside in the Ig fold domain of lamin A. However, how lamin A contributes to the distribution of heterochromatin and balances euchromatin, and how it relocates epigenetic marks to shape chromatin states, remains poorly defined, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the prognosis of lamin A-mediated muscular dystrophies. In the first part of this report, we identified the in vitro organization of full-length lamin A proteins due to two well-documented Ig LMNA mutations, R453W and W514R. We further demonstrated that both lamin A/C mutant cells predominantly expressed nucleoplasmic aggregates. Labeling specific markers of epigenetics allowed correlation of lamin A mutations with epigenetic mechanisms. In addition to manipulating epigenetic mechanisms, our proteomic studies traced diverse expressions of transcription regulators, RNA synthesis and processing proteins, protein translation components, and posttranslational modifications. These data suggest severe perturbations in targeting other proteins to the nucleus.
Advances in utilizing reverse micelles to investigate membrane proteins
Authors: Walters Sara H. , Birchfield Aaron S. , Fuglestad Brian
Published: November 2024

Reverse micelles (RMs) have emerged as useful tools for the study of membrane associated proteins. With a nanoscale water core surrounded by surfactant and solubilized in a non-polar solvent, RMs stand apart as a unique membrane model. While RMs have been utilized as tools to investigate the physical properties of membranes and their associated water, RMs also effectively house membrane associated proteins for a variety of studies. High-resolution protein NMR revealed a need for development of improved RM formulations, which greatly enhanced the use of RMs for aqueous proteins. Protein-optimized RM formulations enabled encapsulation of challenging membrane associated protein types, including lipidated proteins, transmembrane proteins, and peripheral membrane proteins. Improvements in biological accuracy of RMs using phospholipid-based surfactants has advanced their utility as a membrane mimetic even further, better matching the chemistry of the most common cellular membrane lipids. Natural lipid extracts may also be used to construct RMs and house proteins, resulting in a membrane model that better represents the complexity of biological membranes. Recent applications in high-resolution investigations of protein-membrane interactions and inhibitor design of membrane associated proteins have demonstrated the usefulness of these systems in addressing this difficult category of protein. Further developments of RMs as membrane models will enhance the breadth of investigations facilitated by these systems and will enhance their use in biophysical, structural, and drug discovery pursuits of membrane associated proteins. In this review, we present the development of RMs as membrane models and their application to structural and biophysical study of membrane proteins.
Evaluation of the cell death markers for aberrated cell free DNA release in high altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Ali Manzoor , Kumar Krishna G. , Singh Kanika , Rabyang Stanzen , Thinlas Tashi , Mishra Aastha
Published: November 2024

The effect of high altitude (HA, altitude >2500 m) can trigger a maladaptive response in unacclimatized individuals, leading to various HA illnesses such as high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). The present study investigates circulating cell free (cf) DNA, a minimally invasive biomarker that can elicit a pro-inflammatory response. Our earlier study observed altered cfDNA fragment patterns in HAPE patients and the significant correlation of these patterns with peripheral oxygen saturation levels. However, the unclear release mechanisms of cfDNA in circulation limit its characterization and clinical utility. The present study not only observed a significant increase in cfDNA levels in HAPE patients (27.03 ± 1.37 ng/ml; n = 145) compared to healthy HA sojourners (controls, 14.57 ± 0.74 ng/ml; n = 65) and highlanders (HLs, 15.50 ± 0.8 ng/ml; n = 34) but also assayed the known cell death markers involved in cfDNA release at HA. The study found significantly elevated levels of the apoptotic marker, annexin A5, and secondary necrosis or late apoptotic marker, high mobility group box 1, in HAPE patients. In addition, we observed a higher oxidative DNA damage marker, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, in HAPE compared with controls, suggestive of the role of oxidative DNA status in promoting the inflammatory potential of cfDNA fragments and their plausible role in manifesting HAPE pathophysiology. Extensive in vitro future assays can confirm the immunogenic role of cfDNA fragments that may act as a danger-associated molecular pattern and associate with markers of cellular stresses in HAPE.
Cost Analysis of Pediatric Pneumonia at Jogja Hospital Based on INA-CBG Tariffs in 2023
Authors: Hadning Ingenida , Dewi Lukitasari Rachma , Thesa Ghozali Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Pneumonia is the leading cause of global death for children under five years old. The cost incurred for the treatment of pneumonia is quite high. Hence, the government adjusted the INA-CBG tariffs listed in the Minister of Health Regulation No. 3 of 2023, allowing hospitals to improve the quality of care with cost-effective treatment. This study aims to determine the differences between the actual cost and the INA-CBG tariffs in 2023 at Jogja Hospital. This research belongs to an observational study with a crosssectional design, taking the medical cost and pneumonia patients at Jogja Hospital from January to September 2023 as the data. One sample t-test and one sample Wilcoxon test were adopted for data analysis. The analysis of the differences between the actual cost and the INA-CBG tariffs obtained a significance value of higher than 0.05 in the J-4-16-I code for class 1 and 3 hospitalization, as well as the J-4-16-II code for class 3 hospitalization. Meanwhile, the J-4-16-I code for class 2 hospitalization acquired a significance value of less than 0.05. Overall, Jogja Hospital did not experience losses and has utilized the INA-CBG tariffs properly.
Optimization formulation and efficacy examination of cream combination of fig extracts (Ficus carica L.) and pomegranate extracts (Punica granatum L.) as antioxidants
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Fariez , Aryani Nisa Maulida
Published: November 2024

A cream formulation incorporating fig extract (Ficus carica L.) and pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) serves as an effective antioxidant. This study seeks to develop and assess the efficacy of antioxidants in a cream formulation that integrates fig extract and pomegranate peel extract, and to compare it with commercially available cream products. This study employed an experimental laboratory method. The cream preparation commences with the amalgamation of the cream base, followed by the incorporation of 0.5 grams of fig extract (F1), 1 gram of fig extract (F2), 0.5 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F3), 1 gram of pomegranate peel extract (F4), 0.25 grams of fig extract and 0.25 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F5), 0.5 grams of fig extract and 0.5 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F6), and a formulation devoid of any extract (F7). The evaluations conducted on the formulations included organoleptic assessments, homogeneity analysis, pH measurement, adhesion evaluation, spreadability assessment, viscosity testing, irritant testing, and antioxidant activity analysis utilizing the ABTS method. The test results indicated that all creams were brown, possessed a distinctive odor, exhibited homogeneity, and demonstrated stability. The mean pH test result was 6.73 ± 0.078. The mean adhesion test result was 1.27 seconds ± 0.189. The mean spreadability test result was 6.09 cm ± 0.14. The viscosity test indicated that the cream exhibited plastic and pseudoplastic flow characteristics. The irritation test indicated that the cream was non-irritating to the skin. The antioxidant activity test findings for the cream indicated great efficacy for F1, F2, F5, and F6, while F3 and F4, along with comparisons to commercial cream products, demonstrated moderate efficacy. This study concludes that F6 is the formula exhibiting optimal stability and demonstrating robust antioxidant activity in its category.
Formulation of cashew leaf extract peel-off gel mask (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Nurwaini Setyo , Putri Hakiki Intan , Kusumowati Ika Trisharyanti Dian
Published: November 2024

Cashew leaf (Anacardium occidentale L.) is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids, which exhibit antibacterial properties. To optimize its application, the leaf extract was formulated into a peel-off gel mask. This study aimed to evaluate both the antibacterial activity of the cashew leaf extract peel-off gel mask against Staphylococcus epidermidis and its physical stability. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent, and peel-off gel masks were prepared with extract concentrations ranging from 10% to 20%. The antibacterial efficacy of the formulations was assessed using the agar-well diffusion method, while the physical stability of the masks was monitored over a 4-week storage period. Physical evaluations included organoleptic properties, adhesiveness, spreadability, pH, and drying time. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and paired T-tests. Results indicated that higher concentrations of cashew leaf extract corresponded with increased antibacterial activity, adhesiveness, and drying time, while spreadability decreased, and pH became more acidic. The peel-off gel masks demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, with inhibition zone diameters of 11.25±0.50 mm for Formula 1, 12.50±0.58 mm for Formula 2, and 14.00±0.82 mm for Formula 3. Overall, the peel-off gel masks remained physically stable throughout the 4-week storage period.
Adaptation des systèmes d’élevage ovin aux changements climatiques : impacts sur la composante pastorale dans le Haut Atlas central du Maroc
Authors: El Aayadi Soufiane , El Hafid Badr , Maatala Nassreddine , Bekkar Younes , Bounadi Imane , Julien Lionel
Published: November 2024

Les changements climatiques constituent une menace sérieuse pour les ressources pastorales, dégradant les parcours et impactant les populations qui en dépendent. Cette étude vise à identifier les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs face aux changements climatiques et à analyser leurs impacts sur la composante pastorale dans les systèmes d’élevage étudiés. Des entretiens semi-directifs et des ateliers participatifs ont été menés auprès de 28 éleveurs, permettant de recueillir des informations sur leurs pratiques et stratégies d’adaptation. Une analyse de l’occupation des sols de 1985 à 2020 a été réalisée pour comprendre les dynamiques de changement des pâturages, accompagnée d’une modélisation de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030, offrant une démarche prospective sur l’avenir des ressources pastorales à l’échelle communale. Les résultats ont révélé que les éleveurs tendent vers la sédentarisation en réponse aux sécheresses récurrentes, conduisant à la divergence du système d’élevage pastoral traditionnel en trois systèmes distincts : sédentaire, transhumant occasionnel et transhumant permanent. L’analyse de l’occupation des sols a montré que ces changements ont modifié l’occupation des pâturages. Le développement des infrastructures et des transports a facilité l’accès des transhumants à des parcours éloignés, couvrant ainsi jusqu’à 75 % des besoins alimentaires des ovins avec la végétation pastorale. Les éleveurs sédentarisés pratiquent une supplémentation alimentaire toute l’année, composée principalement de maïs, d’orge, de son de blé et de pulpe de betterave, avec une contribution significative des fourrages à la satisfaction des besoins des ovins (50 à 90 % des besoins). La sédentarisation et la diminution des points d’eau dans les parcours d’altitude contribuent à une surexploitation croissante des parcours de proximité. L’analyse prévisionnelle de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030 montre un endommagement irréversible de ces parcours sous les conditions et les pratiques actuelles, appelant à une réflexion approfondie sur des solutions durables pour préserver ces ressources.
Design and optimization of biochar production and incorporating it into green roofs for CO2 capturing
Authors: Nasr Daniel , Al Sarraf Nour , EL Bachawati Makram
Published: November 2024

Biochar is a carbon-rich product produced from biomass. It is highly stable and has a solid ability to adsorb particles. The insertion of biochar into the soil improves its quality and functions as a method to remove certain harmful particulates from the air. This would be highly beneficial in the case of green roofs. Green roofs, also known as vegetative green roofs, have gained popularity due to their numerous benefits to the environment, society, and the economy. These advantages include, but are not limited to, reducing energy consumption, mitigating the urban heat island effect, reducing stormwater runoff, enhancing biodiversity, and improving water and air quality. To further optimize the air quality benefit of green roofs, our project models how CO2 is captured from the atmosphere by adding biochar as a key component. Biochar is known to store and capture more CO2 than a traditional green roof, proving an efficient CO2-capturing technique. We then generate electricity from the ‘waste’ gaseous stream, promoting reusing and using the stream well. Aspen Plus software will model the process and the corresponding optimization. Results show that the biochar production process from a feed of cotton stalks produces a pure stream of char in addition to by-products of oil and gas. The latter is then treated to produce electricity to run the plant.
The interplay and parallel between urban landscape usage, smart city concepts and tourism development in modern cities
Authors: Săvan Răzvan , Crăciun Cerasella , Ivănescu Alexandra
Published: November 2024

As cities compete for investment, skilled workers, and visitors, an integrated approac h synchronizing land use planning, urban landscape design, smart city tech and tourism is crucial for long - term sustainability and economic dynamism. The continued expansion of the tourism sector exerts escalating pressures on land resources and disrupts existing land use patterns. The tourism industry exhibits a significant reliance on land utilization for natural landscapes, heritage sites, resort amenities, infrastructure, and other elements contributing to destination appeal. Every new tourism progress endeavour necessitates the repurposing of land from its incumbent use. Intelligent land use balances development needs with environmental protection via smart policies, zoning and predictive analytics. The urban landscape interweaving with the natural and built environments serves as the canvas for tourism experiences. Smart city innovations like sensor networks optimizing tourist mobility, navigation and personalized services catalyse a transformation of visitor experiences within the interconnected smart cityscape. However, for the harmonisation of these forces, the need for collaborative planning transcends traditional boundaries. The smart tourism paradigm requires coordinated multi-stakeholder policymaking across urban planning, economic development, transportation, environment and tourism promotion.
Cultural regeneration through urban design in Algeria. The case of Leonardo Fibonacci’s promenade in Bejaia
Authors: Mouhoubi Nedjima , Bakour Amira Kahina
Published: November 2024

Sustainable urban development requires the use of all available means, given the increasing competitive status of cities. Cultural regeneration is a widely used tool for urban development. This culture, which can be expressed in a multitude of ways, frequently necessitates physical places for its practice, in spite of the virtual advantages. The public realm represents the optimal places for the expression of culture. The urban design in charge of these spaces should, therefore, focus on the impact it may have on the cultural regeneration of the entire city through the design of its public urban spaces, which should highlight and develop the originality of places and cultures. Indeed, “public realm” is the fundamental element of urban design, which aims to create social links and interactions in order to promote urbanity and union. In previous decades, this was problematic due to the challenges of industrialization, urbanization and large residential complexes. Thus, culture represents the pillar of these spaces in order to create cohesion and social interaction. The case of Leonardo Fibonacci’s promenade in Bejaia, Algeria, demonstrates the effectiveness of attractive public realm design as a means of cultural regeneration. The latter extends to cultural interaction and diversification to enhance inclusiveness.
Dendrochronology and genetic diversity through climate change: A critical review of sweet chestnut
Authors: Vlachou M. , Kakavas K. , Birbilis D. , Chavenetidou M.
Published: November 2024

The management of forest ecosystems is inextricably related to the evolution of climate change due to the strong interaction between them. According to this assumption, sweet chestnut forest management strategies as well as carbon estimation are analyzed in terms of adaptation to climate change and reducing the adverse effects of climate change. Along with the management of sweet chestnut forests and the way it affects or is affected by the phenomenon of climate change in the European area, dendrochronology and genetic diversion are two crucial aspects whose interaction with the climate change is studied in this work. The contribution of chestnut dendrochronology to the study of climate changes and environmental ecology, referred to recent and distant past periods, is investigated through the latest literature. The information obtained by dendrochronological assessments can be potentially used in predicting the future effects of the climate change phenomenon which is ongoing nowadays. Additionally, as genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments, some data regarding the genetic diversity of chestnut, which have derived from recent scientific publications, are presented in this paper.
Peace and sustainability from the lens of Rights of Nature: Arguing the case for Ecocide
Authors: Bandopadhay Somabha
Published: November 2024

The paper, “Peace and sustainability from the lens of Rights of Nature: Arguing the case for Ecocide,” discusses the urgent need to criminalize ecocide as an international crime. Ecocide, defined as the massive destruction of ecosystems, has led to significant environmental harm, driven by unchecked industrial and state activities. The paper traces the origins of the term “ecocide” to the 1970s, highlighting efforts by scientists and legal scholars like Arthur Galston and Richard Falk to address the legal gap surrounding this issue. Despite discussions around ecocide in environmental and human rights contexts, it remains unrecognized under international criminal law, specifically within the Rome Statute. The paper argues that ecocide should be treated as a standalone crime, transcending anthropocentric views of environmental damage. Although ecocide was excluded from the Rome Statute, efforts continue to include it, with movements advocating for its recognition at both municipal and international levels. The paper also emphasizes the importance of recognizing the interconnectedness of human rights and the environment. In conclusion, it calls for stronger legal frameworks to address the gravity of ecocide, ensuring the protection of both Nature and humanity.
The goal of sustainable development will become a reality if nations ensure that infrastructure engineers are taught sustainability. A survey conducted in Greece
Authors: Giannarou Sofia , Tsatiris Michael
Published: November 2024

Infrastructure projects are designed and built by engineers to meet human needs. The sustainable design of new infrastructure and the sustainable redesign of existing infrastructure is an important issue in both the architectural design process and in education. Thus, engineers with their knowledge, decisions, experience and way of working can play a key role in this. In order for future engineers to acquire the necessary knowledge to design sustainable infrastructure projects, both engineering students and professionals should be educated. This paper examines the current situation regarding sustainability of the built environment in Greece through questionnaires addressed to civil and architectural engineers and suggests educational measures that can be taken to instill sustainability in engineers and to push them to design and construct sustainable projects.
Benchmark of circadian effects of conventional white light sources
Authors: Madias Evangelos-Nikolaos , Dimitrakis Anastasios , Kotsenos Athanasios , Doulos Lambros
Published: November 2024

The influence of light on human physiology, including its non-image forming effects, has been recognized for several decades. A significant breakthrough in understanding these non-visual effects came with the discovery of a new type of photoreceptor: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The circadian effects of light include the regulation of melatonin secretion, circadian entrainment, and an increase in body temperature. The scope of this paper is to present a benchmark for the evaluation of artificial lighting systems considering visual, circadian aspects and their energy efficiency. In other words, this paper demonstrates a holistic evaluation methodology for optimal luminaire selection by benchmarking the visual aspects but also the melanopic effects and its energy consumption.
Assessing antioxidant activity in aloe vera gel powder: A comparative study of drying methods
Authors: Ivan Delia , Iavorschi Monica , Lupaescu Ancuta-Veronica
Published: November 2024

This study examines the influence of different drying methods on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aloe vera gel powder. Specifically, oven drying and freeze-drying techniques were compared to assess their impact on the stability and efficacy of antioxidant compounds in aloe vera extracts. Initially, aloe gel was extracted using sonication in ethanolic solution or PBS. The phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant activity was evaluated through ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The results indicate that oven drying at 50°C significantly reduces the quality of aloe extracts, resulting in lower phenolic content and diminished antioxidant capacity. Conversely, freeze-drying not only preserved higher levels of phenolic compounds but also enhanced antioxidant activity, regardless of the solvent used. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the biological activity of extracts based on both the drying method and solvent type. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate drying techniques to maintain the antioxidant properties of aloe vera, with freeze-drying identified as the superior method.
Monitoring the healthy status of urban streams
Authors: Kokolakis Stratos , Kokinou Eleni , Chronaki Catherine
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effective use of remote sensing and ground-based techniques in conjunction with geographic information systems (GIS) to achieve two important goals: (a) to conduct a rapid and comprehensive assessment of soil and water quality in urban streams and (b) to emphasise the critical importance of continuous monitoring of environmental indicators. This approach ensures the ecological integrity of the fragile ecosystems in urban streams and emphasises their important role in human mental and physical health. It also emphasises the interdependence of the environment and human well-being.
Light pollution: Definition, Consequences, Human Knowledge, and Disclosure Strategies
Authors: Skandali Christina , Balafoutis Thanos , Papadaki Maria , Zerefos Stelios , Doulos Lambros
Published: November 2024

Light pollution refers to the result of excessive and incorrectly targeted artificial lighting, which is observed in large cities and is mainly identified by the absence of starry skies. The purpose of this research is the interdisciplinary analysis of the effects of light pollution in various fields such as astronomy, ecology, environment, human health and wellbeing and the interaction between them. As light pollution has become more intense in recent years, the research also aims to explore the awareness of people on the phenomenon and the effect they believe it has on the various sectors affected. To explore the general knowledge of the world’s population regarding light pollution, a questionnaire was created and distributed to people around the world. A significant characteristic of the people involved is that they are not related to the subject or lighting in general. The analysis of the questionnaires provides with results on the correlation between all the above sectors affected by light pollution and recommends strategic solutions regarding its mitigation. Each society must become more conscious on the subject both individually, since each country has a different level of light pollution, but also collectively because it is an international issue that affects the environment. Also, people need to be aware of the problem and participate in the procedures for dealing with it.
Air pollution levels at an area under energy transition (Western Macedonia, Greece)
Authors: Begou Paraskevi , Evagelopoulos Vasilis , Charisiou Nikolaos D.
Published: November 2024

In the lignite basin of Western Macedonia, Greece, the lignite long-lasting exploitation and the mining activities have an impact on the environment and air quality. In this study, we focus on the air quality in the cities of Kozani, Kastoria, Grevena and Florina in Western Macedonia, Greece to assess the levels of air pollutants concentrations and investigate their variations at different timescales. The particle pollution in the region exhibits seasonality patterns associated with the weather conditions and the local emissions sources. As for the ozone pollution in the region, there is a minor number of alert days that exceed the European Union (EU) limit value, but ozone concentrations are high based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Also, we evaluate the air quality through the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) which is a health risk-based air pollution index. We concluded that the majority of days found in the category of “moderate” health risk associated with the air quality, while for a small number of days the relevant health risk is “high”.
Attitudes towards climate change and energy consumption. Exploring the Greek case within a broader European context
Authors: Vatavali Fereniki
Published: November 2024

In order to reduce the rate of climate change progression and mitigate future risks, it is imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This entails a shift in the model of energy production and consumption, as well as a reduction in energy consumption. Citizens’ attitudes toward climate change and energy are particularly crucial, not only for the acceptance of measures and regulations imposed by national governments or local authorities, but also for the development of relevant bottom-up demands and claims. This paper investigates the attitudes, beliefs and behavior patterns of Greek citizens towards climate change and energy consumption, emphasizing the alignment or divergence with broader European perspectives. It addresses the societal acceptance of climate-related policy measures and the readiness for transformative actions in energy consumption. The study utilizes data from Round 10 of the European Social Survey (2022) regarding attitudes towards climate change and energy use. The analysis of the data reflects a critical recognition of climate issues in Greece, but also highlights disparities in political interest and engagement levels across different societal segments.
Green-hydrogen - the game changer of India’s journey towards energy sustainability: A socio-legal study
Authors: Ghosh Puranjoy , Roy Aniruddha
Published: November 2024

The global troth to provide sustainable and eco-friendly energy to all by 2030 has set off various pilot study for contriving the clean-technologies across the globe and the intellectual acuity coalesced into that green-hydrogen is the potential and promising alternative for achieving the adequate and attainable global energy demand. To mitigate the accelerated ambition of climate goals, India has triggered energy transition programme in pursuant to its National Green Hydrogen Mission, with an outlay for INR. 19,744 crores, to achieve net zero by 2070 and self- dependent on energy by 2047. To substantiate the research object present study has primarily undertaken analytical comparative review the policies of the jurisdictions pioneering on green hydrogen and to examine the feasibility of strategic transitional move under reference of socio- demographic factors of India for achieving energy sovereignty. This research is the fulcrum to design the mitigating policy framework, making review and multivariate analysis of the sustainable livelihoods, investment opportunities, interoperability mechanisms, local contexts within India’s policy framework through Semi-Structured Qualitative Methodology. The present study shall significantly contribute the policy implications in the existing literature on green hydrogen and conclude with the viable model for achieving the energy sovereignty in India. The fundamental challenges regarding such transitional expansion of green-hydrogen across the globe are the production, scaling up of consumption habits across all sectors, policies, and regulations. The limitation of the present study underlies in procuring primary data as all data confidentiality is respected under data protection laws in India.
Environmental Concern and Green Hotel Certifications
Authors: Hadjithoma S. , Tofaris A. , Tsangas M. , Panayi P.
Published: November 2024

The requirement for tourist products and services that ensure sustainability continuously increase. Therefore, accommodation facilities have to operate sustainably and there are several green certifications, awarded to hotels, that follow environmental friendly practices. Scope of this research is to identify the importance for selection, according to the willingness to pay, for sustainability certifications and environmental friendly practices in hotels, for people, that visit and use them and in relation to their “ecological” opinions, attitudes and practices according to answers for the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. In order to collect the opinions, structured questionnaires are used. The sample consists of permanent residents in Cyprus over 18 years old, that are fluent in Greek language and non-random convenient sampling method is implemented. To investigate if there is a relationship between environmental awareness of Cypriots, willingness to pay and different demographics such as age, sex, wage, place of residence, highest level of education, number of children, marital status, statistical correlation methods are implemented. The results show that Cypriots have a medium to high environmental awareness with a 3.47/5 NEP score and an approximate 84% of the sample, are willing to pay more for their stay in a green hotel.
Heritage and Sustainability – The Dual Pillars of Flourishing Communities in the Indian Context
Authors: Pathan Zankhna , Suhane Shweta
Published: November 2024

The research links two pillars of a quality community living, i.e. heritage and sustainability. The term ‘heritage’ refers to historical structures and vernacular typologies, which shaped the early settlement’s sustenance. Heritage, sustainability, climate, vernacular architecture and construction methods are the parameters on which the research is based. It shall be achieved by carefully researching the practices and methods that were utilised in ancient cultures and communities by cross-reviewing it with the present construction practices. The world is facing global challenges pertaining to deforestation and urban sprawl contributing together to climate concerns regarding rising global temperatures, rising sea levels, disturbed rainfall and seasonal durations and patterns. The paper showcases the varied materials and types of vernacular architectural styles of India that respond to it’s different climatic zones. It also highlights concrete which piles up as construction waste every year, due to its less lifespan of mostly 50-60 years, leads to it not being the best material as compared to local materials which cater to the seismic forces and longevity. Hence, for the community’s betterment, approaches and guidelines pertaining to local materials and valuing nature shall be studied and implemented. The paper will conclude by attempting to provide guidelines to include heritage and vernacular study in professional education and to strictly adhere to it in the construction industry, while advancing towards slow urbanism by learning from the past and retaining the tangible and intangible heritage for a sustainable future.
Comparison of numerical results of linear and nonlinear turbulence models based on the rans approach
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Yunusaliev Elmurad , Abdulkhaev Zokhidjon , Otakulov Bakhromjon , Yusupov Sardorbek , Ergashev Ilhom , Tohirov Islomjon
Published: November 2024

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of modern physics — numerical solution of turbulent flows, which play a key role in various fields of science and technology, including aerodynamics, hydrodynamics and heat transfer processes. The main attention is paid to comparison of two turbulence models: linear model SST (Shear Stress Transport) and nonlinear model RSM (Reynolds Stress Model). Both approaches are widely used for modeling turbulent flows, but their efficiency and accuracy may vary depending on the nature of the flow. To compare these models, the problem of two-dimensional (2D) flow in a sharply expanding channel taken from the NASA database was chosen. This problem is a classic example of complex turbulent flow, which makes it ideal for testing various models. Sharp expansion of the channel leads to complex effects, such as formation of recirculation zones and intense shear stresses, which creates additional difficulties for numerical modeling. The purpose of this study is to assess how accurately each of the models describes complex processes in turbulent flows and to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The work included calculations based on the RANS approach (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes), which is widely used to model turbulence by averaging the Navier-Stokes equations over time. The results of numerical calculations for both models were compared with experimental data, which allowed an objective assessment of their accuracy.
Torqueless transmission
Authors: Tillaboev Muxiddin , Xatamova Zumradxon , Rustamov Ilhomidin , Xolmatov Shaxobidin , Arabboyev Xurshidbek , Ibragimov Navro‘zbek
Published: November 2024

An experimental sample of a drill implementing a torqueless method of operation has been developed, manufactured and tested. As a birotative motor, a standard DC commutator motor DP12-24 is used, supply voltage 24 V DC, rated rotation speed 3500 rpm, maximum torque 3.2 kg cm. For hand tools that use low-power motors ( up to 1 kW). A birotative electric motor has the ability to rotate both the rotor and the stator in the direction opposite to the rotor. The rotor and stator are equipped with pulleys to transmit rotation to the working shaft, with the rotor transmitting rotation in the forward direction, and the stator in the opposite direction. Thus, the rotor and stator are connected by a working shaft into a single rotation transmission system, ensuring the distribution of speeds of the rotor and stator in such a way that the rotor and stator rotate at the same speed in opposite directions.