bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les modalités d’alimentation des troupeaux ovins en steppe algérienne, région de M’Sila : pratiques et tendances
Authors: Hadbaoui Ilyes , Senoussi Abdelhakim , Huguenin Johann
Published: October 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les modalités d’alimentation des troupeaux ovins des steppes de la région de M’Sila en Algérie. Cette région présente un fort potentiel en matière d’élevage ovin sur ses parcours steppiques, qui ont connu depuis le siècle dernier des perturbations d’origine biophysique et anthropique altérant les surfaces, les bioressources et la productivité. En conséquence, les éleveurs ovins se voient contraints de chercher des alternatives pour alimenter leurs animaux. Afin d’apprécier les évolutions adoptées dans les élevages, nous avons retenu un échantillon raisonné de 100 éleveurs et agroéleveurs, interviewés avec l’aide de « personnes ressources locales » dont le rôle est de faciliter le contact. L’échantillonnage réalisé permet d’avoir une bonne représentation des différents systèmes d’élevage ovin rencontrés dans la région d’étude. L’interprétation des informations obtenues met en exergue trois modalités d’alimentation des troupeaux ovins. En alternative à l’utilisation massive des aliments concentrés dans la ration, l’intégration des cultures fourragères dans la conduite alimentaire des troupeaux ovins représente une nouvelle pratique pour une catégorie d’agroéleveurs. Trois types de cultures sont mis en place pour l’affouragement en vert : l’orge, l’avoine et la luzerne. Ces tendances apparaissent comme des solutions curatives et incomplètes face au manque de ressources pastorales. Néanmoins, elles peuvent inspirer des pistes de réflexions sur des solutions possibles au manque de ressources fourragères en milieu steppique en réduisant la charge animale sur les parcours.
An improved energy management method based on combination of multi agent system and fuzzy logic
Authors: Aoukach Basma , Oukarfi Benyounes
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a distributed energy management strategy based on a combination of multi agent system (MAS) and fuzzy logic (FL). Our system is composed of two renewable energy sources which are a photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, storage system and a variable loads. These elements are linked between them through switches. This improved technique allows the control of switches to manage the energy flow between sources and established load priority. MAS consider each element of the system as an agent, one of them is called execution agent that controls switches based on the paradigm of fuzzy logic (FL). The results of this approach are presented, discussed then followed by a simulation.
Drei Jahre Mukoviszidose-Neugeborenenscreening – wie viele und welche Kinder verpassen wir? Müssen wir noch nach CF suchen?
Authors: Mainz Jochen G.
Published: October 2020

Dreieinhalb Jahre nach Einführung des Neugeborenenscreenings (NGS) für Mukoviszidose ist es an der Zeit zu schauen, ob es Lücken in der CF-Diagnosestellung gibt. Können wir bei Kindern mit Symptomen der Multiorganerkrankung auf CF-Diagnostik verzichten, wenn das NGS negativ ausfiel?

Bei Zusammenstellung der Daten lagen die Evaluationen für das Jahr 2017 vor, in dem in Deutschland für 160 Patienten die CF-Diagnose gestellt wurde. Sieben von ihnen (4,4 %) wiesen ein negatives CF-Screening auf, darunter 6 Patienten, mit Mekoniumileus oder Gedeihstörung.

Wichtig ist auch, dass für 17,08 % der 683 Kinder mit positivem Screening unbekannt ist, ob eine Konformitätsdiagnostik erfolgte. Schlussfolgerung: Wir müssen weiter bei klinischen Zeichen einer CF konsequente Diagnostik betreiben und die Rücklaufrate von screeningpositiven Patienten verbessern.
Recurrent polyp formation with Candida tropicalis infection and otitis in a dog
Authors: Boehm Teresa M. S. A. , Parzefall Birgit , Klinger Christoph J. , Wielaender Franziska , Udraite Vovk Laura , Scabell Peter , Mueller Ralf S.
Published: October 2020

Fallbericht einer wiederkehrenden Otitis externa, media und interna durch Candida tropicalis bei einem Hund mit einem Ohrpolypen. Ein 9-jähriger Irischer Setter wies im Abstand von 7 Monaten jeweils linksseitig eine Otitis, ein Vestibulärsyndrom sowie ein Horner-Syndrom auf. Bei der ersten Episode wurde ein gutartiger Ohrpolyp extrahiert und Candida tropicalis aus dem Mittelohr kultiviert. Die neurologischen Symptome sistierten innerhalb von 7 Tagen, die Candida-Infektion war schwieriger zu behandeln. Nach 7 Monaten wurde erneut ein Polyp im Ohr festgestellt und der zytologische Befund war wieder kompatibel mit Candida tropicalis. Eine vollständige Ablation des linken Gehörgangs mit lateraler Bullaosteotomie wurde durchgeführt und eine Kultur aus dem Mittelohr bestätigte Candida tropicalis. Die Behandlung führte zur klinischen Remission. Candida tropicalis, ein zunehmend häufiger auftretendes Pathogen, sollte in Fällen rezidivierender Otitis durch Hefen in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Behandlung kann sich schwierig gestalten.
Diagnostische Zugänge im Setting Ambulante Reha
Authors: Wydra Georg , Hager Stephan , Hager Dieter
Published: October 2020

Die ambulante Rehabilitation stellt eine wichtige Säule in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Bevölkerung dar. Die Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der WHO steht seit zwei Jahrzehnten als theoretischer Bezugsrahmen zur Systematisierung der Funktionsstörungen, der Behandlungsstrategien und der Assessmentverfahren zur Verfügung. Aus bewegungstherapeutischer Sicht ist es naheliegend, die Mobilität in das Zentrum der Betrachtungen zu rücken.

Es wird ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell vorgestellt, das am Beispiel der Rehabilitation nach Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes aufzeigt, wie ausgewählte Assessmentverfahren in Abhängigkeit von den Kategorien der ICF (Strukturen, Funktionen, Mobilität und Partizipation) und den verschiedenen Phasen der Rehabilitation (Alltag, Sport und Wettkampf) sinnvoll zu einer Assessmentbatterie kombiniert werden können. Diese Betrachtungsweise kann auch auf andere Funktionsstörungen und Behinderungen übertragen werden.
Testverfahren in der stationären Rehabilitation
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Hamacher Dieter
Published: October 2020

Messen in der stationären Rehabilitation wird nicht nur vom Gesetzgeber gefordert, es ist auch integral für die Therapieplanung, deren Kontrolle sowie Ergebnisevaluation. Hier-bei ist es notwendig, dass der Testleiter ein fundiertes Verständnis dessen besitzt, was gemessen werden soll; sowohl im Allgemeinen wie auch bei möglichen Abweichungen hiervon im Einzelfall. Hierfür muss zunächst geklärt werden, in welcher bewegungswissenschaftlichen Betrachtungsweise das gemessene Merkmal verortet werden kann und welche internen Prozesse und Gesetzmäßigkeiten diesem Merkmal zugrunde liegen. Einen Messapparat bedienen zu können, stellt daher lediglich eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Messung dar, gewährleistet aber nicht den Transfer der Messergebnisse in die diagnostische oder therapeutische Praxis.
Evaluation of the U.S. Adherence Questionnaires VERITAS-PRO and VERITAS-PRN for Use in Patients with Hemophilia in the German Healthcare System
Authors: von Mackensen Sylvia , Douma Yves , Halimeh Susan
Published: October 2020

Aim Since the U.S. adherence instruments VERITAS-PRO and VERITAS-PRN were developed in another healthcare system, we assumed that they are not appropriate for the German solidarity healthcare system. This study aims to evaluate the relevance of these instruments for the German healthcare system both by people with hemophilia (PWH) and by healthcare professionals (HCP).

Methods A total of 50 PWH (23 adult hemophilia patients and 27 parents of children with hemophilia) and 25 HCP rated the relevance of the single items of the VERITAS-PRO and VERITAS-PRN on a 5-point Likert scale. In addition, both groups were asked to make suggestions for additional adherence questions. To investigate the relevance of these instruments, the accordance between the raters' evaluations was determined calculating the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) based on the critical values of the CVR (CVRcritical) to exclude chance and subjectivity.

Results CVI (CVR) calculations revealed three (5) “very important” items for PWH and six (11) items for HCP. Only two (3) “very important” items were evaluated by both groups. Four domains were considered not important by both groups. Six PWH made 14 suggestions and 14 HCP made 24 suggestions for additional adherence questions.

Conclusion VERITAS-PRO and VERITAS-PRN have only very limited benefits for the German healthcare system. Since nonadherence has a great impact on the morbidity of PWH and on the costs for the healthcare system, there is a need for adherence instruments that are adapted to the specific needs of PWH in the German healthcare system.
Factors affecting length of stay in Fournier’s gangrene: a retrospective analysis of 10 years’ data
Authors: Eksi Mithat , Arikan Yusuf , Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Ozdemir Osman , Karadag Serdar , Gurbuz Necati , Sahin Selcuk , Tasci Ali Ihsan
Published: October 2020

Background We aimed to investigate the parameters that have an effect on the length of stay and mortality rates of patients with Fournier’s gangrene.

Material and Methods A retrospective review was performed on 80 patients who presented to the emergency department and underwent emergency debridement with the diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene between 2008 and 2017. The demographic and clinical characteristics, length of stay, Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index score, cystostomy and colostomy requirement, additional treatment for wound healing and the mortality rates of the patients were evaluated.

Results Of the 80 patients included in the study, 65 (81.2 %) were male and 15 (18.7 %) female. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. The mean time between onset of complaints and admission to hospital was 4.6 ± 2.5 days. As a result of the statistical analyses, it was found that Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index score, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy and the presence of sepsis and colostomy were significantly positively correlated with length of stay. Also it was found that the Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index score, administration of negative pressure wound therapy and the presence of sepsis were correlated with mortality.

Conclusion Fournier’s gangrene is a mortal disease and an emergency condition. With the improvements in Fournier’s gangrene disease management, mortality rates are decreasing, but long-term hospital stay has become a new problem. Knowing the values predicting length of stay and mortality rates can allow for patient-based treatment and may be useful in treatment choice.
Fractionated Radiosurgical Treatment of Intracerebral Schwannoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tokarev Alexey , Rak Viacheslav , Stepanov Valentin , Zuev Sergey , Evdokimova Olga , Viktorova Olga , Rozhnova Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Intracranial schwannomas (ICS) unrelated to the cranial nerves are extremely rare; around 70 cases have been reported worldwide. The available literature consists of case reports and small series that present variable characteristics distinguishing these lesions. Brain parenchyma schwannomas are typically benign tumors with currently unknown origins. Diagnosis of intraparenchymal schwannoma is almost never made preoperatively. The management of these tumors usually consists of gross total resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cases of recurrence. The authors present a case of fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgical treatment of intracerebral schwannoma following partial microsurgical resection.
Effects of Blatta orientalis on Treatment of Bronchial Asthma: A Prospective, Non-Randomised, Open-Label, Observational Study
Authors: Ram Hanuman , Choudhary Prasoon , Dewan Deepti , Kumar Arvind
Published: October 2020

Background Bronchial asthma is a globally significant non-communicable disease with major public health consequences for both children and adults, including high morbidity, and relatively low mortality compared with other chronic diseases. It is a chronic disorder that compels the patient to take lifelong medications including bronchodilators.

Aim This study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of Blatta orientalis in centesimal potency on the treatment of bronchial asthma assessed by spirometry and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score.

Method A prospective, non-randomised, open-label, observational study was conducted at Dr. MPK Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, from 2015 to 2016. Patients between 5 and 80 years of age suffering from dyspnoea, cough with expectoration and wheezing were screened. The convenience sampling technique was used to enrol 120 patients, after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The patients of Bronchial asthma were treated with potentized Blatta orientalis for 6 months. Patients were diagnosed and assessed on the basis of the ACQ Score by Elizabeth Junipers and spirometry findings. Blatta orientalis was prescribed to all patients in increasing potency from 30C. The paired t-test was applied to calculate the statistical significance of the study.

Result Out of 120 patients, 100 had completed the study with follow-up of 6 months. A significant difference was found in pre- and post-treatment spirometry—that is, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio—from baseline to 6 months (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: –10.27 ± 4.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –11.25 to –9.28; p = 0.00001). Also, significant difference was seen in the ACQ Score from baseline to 6 months (mean ± SD: 19.44 ± 8.69; 95% CI: 17.71–21.16; p = 0.00001).

Conclusion The study findings are encouraging enough to prescribe Blatta orientalis in potency in cases of bronchial asthma. Further systematic replication is required. Conducted as randomised controlled trials with long-term follow-ups for definite conclusions.
Application of Human Factors Methods to Understand Missed Follow-up of Abnormal Test Results
Authors: Rogith Deevakar , Satterly Tyler , Singh Hardeep , Sittig Dean F. , Russo Elise , Smith Michael W. , Roosan Don , Bhise Viraj , Murphy Daniel R.
Published: October 2020

Objective This study demonstrates application of human factors methods for understanding causes for lack of timely follow-up of abnormal test results (“missed results”) in outpatient settings.

Methods We identified 30 cases of missed test results by querying electronic health record data, developed a critical decision method (CDM)-based interview guide to understand decision-making processes, and interviewed physicians who ordered these tests. We analyzed transcribed responses using a contextual inquiry (CI)-based methodology to identify contextual factors contributing to missed results. We then developed a CI-based flow model and conducted a fault tree analysis (FTA) to identify hierarchical relationships between factors that delayed action.

Results The flow model highlighted barriers in information flow and decision making, and the hierarchical model identified relationships between contributing factors for delayed action. Key findings including underdeveloped methods to track follow-up, as well as mismatches, in communication channels, timeframes, and expectations between patients and physicians.

Conclusion This case report illustrates how human factors–based approaches can enable analysis of contributing factors that lead to missed results, thus informing development of preventive strategies to address them.
Complicated Diverticular Disease
Authors: Coakley Kathleen M. , Davis Bradley R. , Kasten Kevin R.
Published: October 2020

The modern management of colonic diverticular disease involves grouping patients into uncomplicated or complicated diverticulitis, after which the correct treatment paradigm is instituted. Recent controversies suggest overlap in management strategies between these two groups. While most reports still support surgical intervention for the treatment of complicated diverticular disease, more data are forthcoming suggesting complicated diverticulitis does not merit surgical resection in all scenarios. Given the significant risk for complication in surgery for diverticulitis, careful attention should be paid to patient and procedure selection. Here, we define complicated diverticulitis, discuss options for surgical intervention, and explain strategies for avoiding operative pitfalls that result in early and late postoperative complications.
User-Centered Clinical Display Design Issues for Inpatient Providers
Authors: Lasko Thomas A. , Owens David A. , Fabbri Daniel , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Genkins Julian Z. , Novak Laurie L.
Published: October 2020

Background Suboptimal information display in electronic health records (EHRs) is a notorious pain point for users. Designing an effective display is difficult, due in part to the complex and varied nature of clinical practice.

Objective This article aims to understand the goals, constraints, frustrations, and mental models of inpatient medical providers when accessing EHR data, to better inform the display of clinical information.

Methods A multidisciplinary ethnographic study of inpatient medical providers.

Results Our participants' primary goal was usually to assemble a clinical picture around a given question, under the constraints of time pressure and incomplete information. To do so, they tend to use a mental model of multiple layers of abstraction when thinking of patients and disease; they prefer immediate pattern recognition strategies for answering clinical questions, with breadth-first or depth-first search strategies used subsequently if needed; and they are sensitive to data relevance, completeness, and reliability when reading a record.

Conclusion These results conflict with the ubiquitous display design practice of separating data by type (test results, medications, notes, etc.), a mismatch that is known to encumber efficient mental processing by increasing both navigation burden and memory demands on users. A popular and obvious solution is to select or filter the data to display exactly what is presumed to be relevant to the clinical question, but this solution is both brittle and mistrusted by users. A less brittle approach that is more aligned with our users' mental model could use abstraction to summarize details instead of filtering to hide data. An abstraction-based approach could allow clinicians to more easily assemble a clinical picture, to use immediate pattern recognition strategies, and to adjust the level of displayed detail to their particular needs. It could also help the user notice unanticipated patterns and to fluidly shift attention as understanding evolves.
Characterization of New Monoclonal PF4-Specific Antibodies as Useful Tools for Studies on Typical and Autoimmune Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Vayne Caroline , Nguyen Thi-Huong , Rollin Jérôme , Charuel Noémie , Poupon Anne , Pouplard Claire , Normann Nicole , Gruel Yves , Greinacher Andreas
Published: October 2020

Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is typically caused by platelet-activating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Abs) against platelet factor 4 (PF4) complexed with heparin (H). Much less frequent “autoimmune” HIT is distinguished from typical HIT by platelet activation without heparin and the presence of both anti-PF4/H and anti-PF4 IgG. We developed three murine monoclonal anti-PF4 Abs with a human Fc-part, 1E12, 1C12, and 2E1, resembling autoimmune HIT Abs.

Objectives To characterize 1E12, 1C12, and 2E1 in comparison to the heparin-dependent monoclonal anti-PF4/H Abs 5B9 and KKO, and polyclonal Abs from patients with typical HIT (group-2) and autoimmune HIT (group-3).

Methods Interactions of Abs with PF4 and PF4/H were studied by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, single-molecule force spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. Serotonin release assay and heparin-induced platelet activation assay were used to assess platelet activation. The binding sites of monoclonal Abs on PF4 were predicted in silico (MAbTope method).

Results 1C12, 1E12, and 2E1 displayed higher affinity for PF4/H complexes than 5B9 and KKO, comparable to human group-3 Abs. Only 1C12, 1E12, 2E1, and group-3 Abs formed large complexes with native PF4, and activated platelets without heparin. The predicted binding sites of 1C12, 1E12, and 2E1 on PF4 differed from those of KKO and 5B9, but were close to each other. 2E1 exhibited unique bivalent binding, involving its antigen recognition site to PF4 and charge-dependent interactions with heparin.

Conclusion 1C12, 1E12, and 2E1 are tools for studying the pathophysiology of autoimmune HIT. 2E1 provides evidence for a new binding mechanism of HIT Abs.
COVID-19 screening center models in South Korea
Authors: Kim Ji Eon , Lee Ji Ho , Lee Hocheol , Moon Seok Jun , Nam Eun Woo
Published: October 2020

In a recent report, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) introduced South Korea’s measures to manage COVID-19 as role model for the world. Screening centers serve as frontiers for preventing community transmission of infectious diseases. COVID-19 screening centers in Korea operate 24 h a day, always open for individuals with suspected COVID-19 symptoms. South Korea concentrated COVID-19 screening centers around cities with high population density. Advanced screening centers (models C, D, and E) proved more effective and efficient in the prevention of COVID-19 than the traditional screening centers (models A and B). Particularly, screening centers at Incheon Airport in South Korea prevent transmission through imported cases effectively. It will be important elsewhere, as in South Korea, to establish an infectious disease delivery system that can lead to 'Test-Treat-Track' using an adequate model of screening centers.
Critical properties of an antiferromagnetic decorated Ising model on a square lattice
Authors: Mutailamov V. A. , Murtazaev A. K.
Published: October 2020

The authors have investigated the static critical behavior of a two-dimensional decorated Ising model on a square lattice in an external magnetic field, using computational physics methods. Particular consideration has been given to a special case when antiferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed only between decorated spins and spins located at lattice sites. It has been shown that at an external magnetic field of H0 = 4, the model experiences partial degeneracy in the ground state. At field values close to H0 = 4, heat-capacity splitting is observed.
Low-temperature sorption of hydrogen by porous carbon material containing palladium nanoclusters
Authors: Dolbin A. V. , Dubinko V. I. , Vinnikov N. A. , Esel'son V. B. , Gavrilko V. G. , Basnukaeva R. M. , Khlistyuck M. V. , Cherednichenko S. V. , Kotsyubynsky V. O. , Boychuk V. M. , Kolkovsky P. I.
Published: October 2020

The sorption of hydrogen isotopes by a composite nanostructured carbon material containing palladium clusters with an average size of 3–5 nm was studied in the temperature range of 8–290 K. The total amount of sorbed hydrogen strongly depends on the method of manufacturing the composite and is 2–4.5% of the sample mass. In the kinetics of hydrogen sorption and desorption by a composite, two processes with characteristic times differing by more than an order of magnitude are identified. The relatively fast process seems to be related to the filling of the cavities of the carbon matrix with hydrogen molecules, the longer one corresponded to the diffusion of hydrogen into the crystal lattice of palladium nanoclusters. Two temperature regions are found for the temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and deuterium in composite samples. Above 60 K, the diffusion activation energies in the sample containing palladium nanoclusters were more than twice the values obtained for the pure carbon matrix. Below 60 K, the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in the pure carbon matrix weakly depended on temperature. In the case of diffusion of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium nanoclusters, a change in the character of the temperature dependence was observed at a lower temperature (∼30 K). Below this temperature the activation energy decreased by approximately an order of magnitude.
Temperature measurement based on fluorescence intensity in hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV)
Authors: Shao Jun , Li Jingyin , Li Guohua , Zhang Zhen , Hu Zhiyun , Zhang Zhenrong , Wang Sheng , Wu Zhenjie , Ye Jingfeng
Published: October 2020

Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) is generally used for velocity measurement especially in the high-temperature and high-velocity flow field. In this work, according to the monotonous change of OH fluorescence intensity with temperature, the relative temperature distribution could be observed from the intensity distribution along the hydroxyl fluorescence line. We could obtain the temperature along the photodissociation line by calibrating at two positions. In this way, HTV has the potential for simultaneously achieving velocity and temperature without adding extra diagnostic systems.
The general bilinear techniques for studying the propagation of mixed-type periodic and lump-type solutions in a homogenous-dispersive medium
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Osman Mohamed S. , Zhu Wen-Hui , Zhou Li , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to construct new mixed-type periodic and lump-type solutions via dependent variable transformation and Hirota’s bilinear form (general bilinear techniques). This study considers the (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which describes the weakly dispersive waves in a homogeneous medium in fluid dynamics. The obtained solutions contain abundant physical structures. Consequently, the dynamical behaviors of these solutions are graphically discussed for different choices of the free parameters through 3D plots.
Cathodoluminescence in single and multiwall WS2 nanotubes: Evidence for quantum confinement and strain effect
Authors: Ghosh S. , Brüser V. , Kaplan-Ashiri I. , Popovitz-Biro R. , Peglow S. , Martínez J. I. , Alonso J. A. , Zak A.
Published: October 2020

For nanoparticles with sub-10 nm diameter, the electronic bandgap becomes size dependent due to quantum confinement; this, in turn, affects their electro-optical properties. Thereby, MoS2 and WS2 monolayers acquire luminescent capability, due to the confinement-induced indirect-to-direct bandgap transition. Rolling up of individual layers results in single wall inorganic nanotubes (SWINTs). Up to the present study, their luminescence properties were expected to be auspicious but were limited to theoretical investigations only, due to the scarcity of SWINTs and the difficulties in handling them. By optimizing the conditions in the plasma reactor, relatively high yields of WS2 SWINTs 3–7 nm in diameter were obtained in this work, compared to previous reports. A correlative approach, transmission electron microscopy coupled with a scanning electron microscope, was adapted to overcome handling obstacles and for testing individual nanotubes by low-temperature cathodoluminescence. Clear cathodoluminescence spectra were obtained from WS2-SWINTs and compared with those of WS2 multiwall nanotubes and the corresponding bulk material. Uniquely, the optical properties of INTs acquired from cathodoluminescence were governed by the opposite impact from quantum size effect and strain in the bent triple S-W-S layers. The experimental findings were confirmed by the Density Functional and Time-Dependent Density Functional theoretical modeling of monolayer and bilayer nanotubes of different chiralities and diameters. This study provides experimental evidence of the quantum confinement effect in WS2 SWINTs akin to WS2 monolayer. The ability to tune the electronic structure with morphology or number of layers may be exploited toward photoelectrochemical water splitting with WS2 catalysts, devising field effect transistors, photodetectors, and so on.
Self-driven photodetector based on a GaSe/MoSe2 selenide van der Waals heterojunction with the hybrid contact
Authors: Ning Jing , Zhou Yu , Zhang Jincheng , Lu Wei , Dong Jianguo , Yan Chaochao , Wang Dong , Shen Xue , Feng Xin , Zhou Hong , Hao Yue
Published: October 2020

The restacking of stripped two-dimensional material into a van der Waals heterojunction provides a promising technology for high-performance optoelectronic devices. This paper presents a self-driven photodetector composed of p-GaSe/n-MoSe2. The hybrid contact is directly formed between the electrode and the heterojunction, which considerably improves the photovoltaic effect. In addition, the Schottky barrier between the semiconductor and metal electrodes creates a built-in electric field, which enhances the self-driven performance of the device. The as-fabricated photodetector has the high responsivity of 0.169 A W−1 at zero bias and the specific detectivity of 6.6 × 1011 Jones. When bias was applied, a responsivity of 6.81 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 2.8 × 1013 Jones have also been obtained. This work demonstrates that selenide van der Waals heterojunctions based on two-dimensional materials have great potential for future electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Learning composition-transferable coarse-grained models: Designing external potential ensembles to maximize thermodynamic information
Authors: Shen Kevin , Sherck Nicholas , Nguyen My , Yoo Brian , Köhler Stephan , Speros Joshua , Delaney Kris T. , Fredrickson Glenn H. , Shell M. Scott
Published: October 2020

Achieving thermodynamic faithfulness and transferability across state points is an outstanding challenge in the bottom-up coarse graining of molecular models, with many efforts focusing on augmenting the form of coarse-grained interaction potentials to improve transferability. Here, we revisit the critical role of the simulation ensemble and the possibility that even simple models can be made more predictive through a smarter choice of ensemble. We highlight the efficacy of coarse graining from ensembles where variables conjugate to the thermodynamic quantities of interest are forced to respond to applied perturbations. For example, to learn activity coefficients, it is natural to coarse grain from ensembles with spatially varying external potentials applied to one species to force local composition variations and fluctuations. We apply this strategy to coarse grain both an atomistic model of water and methanol and a binary mixture of spheres interacting via Gaussian repulsions and demonstrate near-quantitative capture of activity coefficients across the whole composition range. Furthermore, the approach is able to do so without explicitly measuring and targeting activity coefficients during the coarse graining process; activity coefficients are only computed after-the-fact to assess accuracy. We hypothesize that ensembles with applied thermodynamic potentials are more “thermodynamically informative.” We quantify this notion of informativeness using the Fisher information metric, which enables the systematic design of optimal bias potentials that promote the learning of thermodynamically faithful models. The Fisher information is related to variances of structural variables, highlighting the physical basis underlying the Fisher information’s utility in improving coarse-grained models.
Measurement of the attenuation of elastic waves at GHz frequencies using resonant thickness modes
Authors: Grünsteidl Clemens , Veres István , Berer Thomas , Kreuzer Susanne , Rothemund Ralph , Hettich Mike , Scherleitner Edgar , Ryzy Martin
Published: October 2020

We present an evaluation of attenuation of elastic waves in the GHz range, based on the decay of thickness-stretch resonances of plates. We measured the elastic response of micro-scale aluminum plates, using a laser-ultrasound technique. The thermo-elastic laser excitation provides significant coupling into thickness-stretch modes in the frequency range above 1.5 GHz. To suppress interference from other resonant and transient modes, we used an excitation spot size well above the plate thickness and applied signal processing in the time and frequency domain. We adapted existing theory on the decay of thickness-shear modes to apply for thickness-stretch modes, validated the derived theory with simulations, and applied it to experiments. A set of samples with different thicknesses in the range of 1.1–2.15 μm allowed us to obtain damping values in the corresponding frequency range of 1.5–3 GHz.
The Full Transfer/Full Access model and L3 cognitive states
Authors: Schwartz Bonnie D. , Sprouse Rex A.
Published: October 2020

This paper offers an overview of current models of third language (L3) acquisition, classifying each as a Wholesale
Transfer model or as a Piecemeal Transfer model. We discuss what we consider to be some conceptual and empirical problems for the
Piecemeal Transfer approaches and then discuss some advantages we see in Wholesale Transfer. Next, we home in on Wholesale
Transfer models, arguing that one of them in particular seems to us to be the most promising, viz., the Typological Primacy Model
(TPM – e.g., Rothman, 2011, 2015). Finally,
we take up some open questions associated with the TPM and suggest some possible directions for future L3 research.
The weak B, B

s
and B

c
decays to radially excited states
Authors: Zhou Tian , Wang Tianhong , Jiang Yue , Huo Lei , Wang Guo-Li
Published: October 2020

Recently, many new excited states of heavy mesons have been discovered, especially radially excited states. It draws interest to study the production processes of these states from the ground b-flavored mesons. In this paper, we use the improved Bethe-Salpeter method to study the semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decays of B, B

s
, and B

c
mesons. The calculations mostly focus on the decay channels with the radially excited 2S and 3S final states. We find that many channels have branching ratios up to 10−4, which are within the detection accuracy of current experiments.
Influence of dielectric layer thickness on charge injection, accumulation and transport phenomena in thin silicon oxynitride layers: a nanoscale study
Authors: Mortreuil F , Boudou L , Makasheva K , Teyssedre G , Villeneuve-Faure C
Published: October 2020

Charge injection and retention in thin dielectric layers remain critical issues due to the great number of failure mechanisms they inflict. Achieving a better understanding and control of charge injection, trapping and transport phenomena in thin dielectric films is of high priority aiming at increasing lifetime and improving reliability of dielectric parts in electronic and electrical devices. Thermal silica is an excellent dielectric but for many of the current technological developments more flexible processes are required for synthesizing high quality dielectric materials such as amorphous silicon oxynitride layers using plasma methods. In this article, the studied dielectric layers are plasma deposited SiO
x
N
y
. Independently on the layer thickness, they are structurally identical: optically transparent, having the same refractive index, equal to the one of thermal silica. Influence of the dielectric film thickness on charging phenomena in such layers is investigated at nanoscale using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy. The main effect of the dielectric film thickness variation concerns the charge flow in the layer during the charge injection step. According to the SiO
x
N
y
layer thickness two distinct trends of the measured surface potential and current are found, thus defining ultrathin (up to 15 nm thickness) and thin (15–150 nm thickness) layers. Nevertheless, analyses of KPFM surface potential measurements associated with results from finite element modeling of the structures show that the dielectric layer thickness has weak influence on the amount of injected charge and on the decay dynamics, meaning that pretty homogeneous layers can be processed. The charge penetration depth in such dielectric layers is evaluated to 10 nm regardless the dielectric thickness.
On stationary solutions and inviscid limits for generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda equation with O(1) forcing
Authors: Jeong In-Jee , Kim Sun-Chul
Published: October 2020

The generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda (gCLM) equation was introduced to model the competing effects of advection and vortex stretching in hydrodynamics. Recent investigations revealed possible connections with the two-dimensional turbulence. With this connection in mind, we consider the steady problem for the viscous gCLM equations on

T

:

a
v

ω

x

−

v

x

ω
=
ν
Δ
ω
+
f
,
v
=

(

−
Δ

)

−

1

2

ω
,

where

a
∈
R

is the parameter measuring the relative strength between advection and stretching, ν > 0 is the viscosity constant, and f is a given O(1)-forcing independent of ν. For some range of parameters, we establish existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions. We then numerically investigate the behaviour of solutions in the vanishing viscosity limit, where bifurcations appear, and new solutions emerge. When the parameter a is away from [−1/2, 1], we verify that there is convergence towards smooth stationary solutions for the corresponding inviscid equation. Moreover, we analyse the inviscid limit in the fractionally dissipative case, as well as the behaviour of singular limiting solutions.
Generating boundary conditions for a Boussinesq system*
Authors: Lannes D , Weynans L
Published: October 2020

We present a new method for the numerical implementation of generating boundary conditions for a one dimensional Boussinesq system. This method is based on a reformulation of the equations and a resolution of the dispersive boundary layer that is created at the boundary when the boundary conditions are non homogeneous. This method is implemented for a simple first order finite volume scheme and validated by several numerical simulations. Contrary to the other techniques that can be found in the literature, our approach does not cause any increase in computational time with respect to periodic boundary conditions.
Recording and quantifying fetal magnetocardiography signals using a flexible array of optically-pumped magnetometers
Authors: Escalona-Vargas Diana , Bolin Elijah H , Lowery Curtis L , Siegel Eric R , Eswaran Hari
Published: October 2020

Objective: Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) is a non-invasive biomagnetic technique that provides detailed beat-to-beat fetal heart rate analysis, both in normal rhythm as well as in fetal arrhythmias. New cryogenic-free sensors called optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have emerged as a less expensive and more geometrically flexible alternative to traditional Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) technology for performing fMCG. The objective of the study was to show the ability of OPMs to record fMCG using flexible geometry while seeking to preserve signal quality, and to quantify fetal heart rate variability (FHRV). Approach: Biomagnetic measurements were performed with OPMs in 24 healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between 28 and 38 weeks gestation (GA). A total of 96 recordings were analyzed from OPM data that was collected using sensors placed in two different maternal configurations over the abdomen. The fMCG signals were extracted and the quality of the recordings were quantified by peak amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). R peaks were used to perform both time and frequency domain FHRV analysis. FHRV measures obtained from OPMs were compared descriptively to the same measures obtained from GA-matched existing SQUID data. Main results: The fMCG derived from OPMs were observed in 21 of the 24 participants. Higher detection rates (85%) of fMCG signals were observed in the data sets recorded at GA >32 weeks. Peak amplitudes and SNR values were similar between two maternal configurations, but peak amplitudes were significantly higher (p = 0.013) in late GA compared to early GA. FHRV indicators were successfully extracted and their values overlapped substantially with those obtained from SQUID recordings. Significance: Taking advantage of the geometric flexibility of the OPMs, we have demonstrated their ability to record and quantify fMCG in different maternal positions as opposed to rigid SQUID configurations.
Deuterium retention characteristics in Li film by coating and during flowing liquid Li limiter operation in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Li C L , Zuo G Z , Maingi R , Cao Bin , Xu W , Meng X C , Sun Z , Huang M , Tang Z L , Zhang D H , Qian Y Z , Andruczyk D , Tritz K , Hu J S
Published: October 2020

Lithium (Li) is a promising low-Z material for particle recycling and impurity control to improve plasma performance in fusion devices. In the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST), Li coating has become a routine method for wall conditioning, and a flowing liquid Li (FLiLi) limiter has been successfully tested several times. Deuterium retention characteristics in the Li film coated on the international thermonuclear experimental reactor-like tungsten divertor and FLiLi during plasma discharges, which is important for the utilization of Li in future fusion devices, were investigated in EAST. It is found that the absorption of the fuel particles by Li coatings decreases gradually, and recycling gradually increases over a series of discharges. The maximum net amount of deuterium retained reached ∼0.8 g, corresponding to 12% deuterium in the Li. This corresponds to a whole day’s worth of shots with a total of 87 plasma discharges and a total of ∼640s plasma time after 11.75 g Li was deposited. Compared to the Li coating, it is shown that FLiLi continuously traps fuel particles and achieves a higher deuterium retention ratio over both the short- and long-term, leading to lower recycling. Meanwhile, it is also observed that the fuel particle retention ratio increases when FLiLi is closer to the plasma. This result is likely due to higher plasma heating power and limiter temperature, which cause an increased Li efflux from FLiLi due to a higher limiter temperature, which then redeposits on the other plasma-facing surfaces and increases fuel particle absorption. It is estimated that ⩾80% of the retained D particles are captured by the continual renewal of the Li redeposition film during the FLiLi operation. This investigation would also be useful for D/T retention in future fusion devices if Li is used as a plasma-facing component.
Multifunctional photonic broadband RF memory for complex electronic jamming
Authors: Ding Zhidan , Yang Fei , Zhao Jiejun , Wu Rui , Cai Haiwen , Wang Mingjun , Weng Yongxiang , Zhao Zixin
Published: October 2020

A multifunctional photonic broadband RF memory structure is presented to adapt to more and more complex electronic jamming scenarios. Based on precise sequence control of the structure with integration of switching and amplification functions at the output end, the response time of the structure is greatly reduced to 30 ns. Moreover, multiple jamming modes including reconfiguration of Doppler frequency shift (DFS), instantaneous bandwidth (IBW), center frequency, pulse width, storage time and pulse number are realized based on a coherent DFS structure with tunable optical filter and a memory structure with Vernier effect. The tuning range of DFS is greater than ±9 MHz, the reconfiguration range of IBW is 1.5 GHz–11 GHz, the tuning range of center frequency is 6.5 GHz–17 GHz, the maximum storage time of 100 ns–10 µs RF pulse signals is 750 µs, and the maximum number of stored RF pulses is 2500.
Validation of virtual resection on intraoperative interictal data acquired during epilepsy surgery
Authors: Demuru Matteo , Zweiphenning Willemiek , van Blooijs Dorien , Eijsden Pieter Van , Leijten Frans , Zijlmans Maeike , Kalitzin Stiliyan
Published: October 2020

Objective. A ‘Virtual resection’ consists of computationally simulating the effect of an actual resection on the brain. We validated two functional connectivity based virtual resection methods with the actual connectivity measured using post-resection intraoperative recordings.Approach. A non-linear association index was applied to pre-resection recordings from 11 extra-temporal focal epilepsy patients. We computed two virtual resection strategies: first, a ‘naive’ one obtained by simply removing from the connectivity matrix the electrodes that were resected; second, a virtual resection with partialization accounting for the influence of resected electrodes on not-resected electrodes. We validated the virtual resections with two analysis: (1) we tested with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test if the distributions of connectivity values after the virtual resections differed from the actual post-resection connectivity distribution; (2) we tested if the overall effect of the resection measured by contrasting pre-resection and post-resection connectivity values is detectable with the virtual resection approach using a Kolmogorv-Smirnov test.Main results. The estimation of post-resection connectivity values did not succeed for both methods. In the second analysis, the naive method failed completely to detect the effect found between pre-resection and post-resection connectivity distributions, while the partialization method agreed with post-resection measurements in detecting a drop connectivity compared to pre-resection recordings. Our findings suggest that the partialization technique is superior to the naive method in detecting the overall effect after the resection.Significance. We pointed out how a realistic validation based on actual post-resection recordings reveals that virtual resection methods are not yet mature to inform the clinical decision-making.
Creation of virtual channels in the retina using synchronous and asynchronous stimulation—a modelling study
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Guo Tianruo , Shivdasani Mohit N , Dokos Socrates , Lovell Nigel H , Li Xinxin , Qiu Shirong , Li Tong , Zheng Shiwei , Li Liming
Published: October 2020

Objective. The spatial resolution of an implantable neural stimulator can be improved by creation of virtual channels (VCs). VCs are commonly achieved through synchronized stimulation of multiple electrodes. It remains unknown whether asynchronous stimulation is able to generate comparable VC performance in retinal stimulation, and how VC can be optimized by re-designing stimulation settings. This study begins with exploring the feasibility of creating VCs using synchronous and asynchronous epiretinal stimulation, and ending with predicting the possible VC performance with a thorough exploration of stimulation parameter space. Approach. A computational model of epiretinal dual-electrode stimulation is developed to simulate the neural activity of a population of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under both synchronous and asynchronous stimulation conditions. The interaction between the electrode and RGCs under a range of stimulation parameters are simulated. Main results. Our simulation based on direct RGC activation suggests that VCs can be created using asynchronous stimulation. Two VC performance measures: 1) linearity in the change in centroid location of activated RGC populations, and 2) consistency in the size of activated RGC populations, have comparable performance under asynchronous and synchronous stimulation with appropriately selected stimulation parameters. Significance. Our findings support the possibility of creating VCs by directly activating RGCs under synchronous and asynchronous stimulation conditions. This study establishes the fundamental capability of VC creation based on temporal interactions within the RGC population alone and does not include the effects of potential indirect activation of any surviving inner retinal network neurons. Our results provide theoretical evidence for designing next-generation retinal prosthesis with higher spatial resolution.