bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunting vocabulary in the work by Timofey Smetanin "Tales of the hunter Meheelecheen" (lexical and semantic classification)
Authors: Ivanova Sargylana
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the hunting vocabulary used in the work by the Yakut front-line writer Timofey Smetanin “Tales of the hunter Meheelecheen”. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is no comprehensive description of the hunting vocabulary in the Yakut language; part of the vocabulary, including the special vocabulary as a hunting language has been lost. The purpose of this study is to identify lexico-semantic groups of hunting vocabulary used in the work. The hunting vocabulary was divided into thirteen lexico-semantic groups: 1) nominations of hunting activities and their results; 2) nominations of habits of animals and birds observed during hunting; 3) nominations of birds, groups of birds and animals; 4) designations of hunting methods; 5) names of hunters’ clothes, footwear and equipment; 6) names of hunting accessories, their parts and equipment; 7) names of hunters and their assistants; 8) names of body parts and internal organs of animals and birds; 9) names of types of meat of animals or birds and specific food of hunters and fishermen; 10) names of hunting buildings; 11) geographical features of the area; 12) sounds of the surrounding world; 13) figurative representations of the movements of animals and birds.
On the issue of international legal regulation of ensuring environmental safety in water transport in the Black Sea
Authors: Lantseva Veronika Yurievna
Published: February 2022

This article studies the mechanism of protection of the Black Sea marine environment ensuring environmental safety in water transport in its water area, which was normatively consolidated in the 1992 Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution. The article studies and describes the international and regional experience of regulating public relations arising from the provision of environmental safety, as well as proposals for improving international law in this area. The article presents the major research outcomes on the main measures aimed to introduce amendments to the current international law on regulation of public relations arising in the field of ensuring environmental safety in water transport in the Black Sea. Based on the analysis of the current international regional agreement in the area under consideration, the author has proposed some recommendations for its further development, and also highlighted the main areas to be regulated taking into account the need to conduct research in order to create the necessary rules and regulations that can ensure environmental safety in the operation of sea vessels. In order to improve the ecological situation in the Black Sea water area, it is necessary to amend the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution by introducing a number of special measures proposed in the article.
Transformation of legal regulation of labor in digital society
Authors: Guryeva Anastasia Alexandrovna
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the transformation of legal regulation of labor in a digital society. In a comparative legal manner the paper attempts to indicate changes in labor and social security laws, which are also associated with digitalization processes. The influence of digital technologies on modern society is constantly growing: the economy, the sphere of communications between people, culture, life are changing under the influence of artificial intelligence technologies, the Internet of things, digital twins and many others. The digital economy is changing the content of labor relations from the inside through automation and an increasing degree of production robotization. Robotics and complex computer programs transfer some of the functions that employees previously performed, and the share of artificial intelligence systems in the production and service sector is growing rapidly. The algorithms underlying digitalization “penetrate” into legal regulation thus expanding its tools. On the one hand, employees and employers experience the influence of algorithmization through a change in the production environment; on the other hand, processes of law transformation begin in order to adapt legal regulation to the conditions of a digital society to maintain its effectiveness as a social regulator. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to draw conclusions on the objective need for the use of digital instruments by law, which should take into account the level of technology achieved, the existence of a tendency to law algorithmization, and the prerequisites for the further dissemination of algorithms in the field of labor and its legal regulation.
Modernization of Legislation on Control and Supervisory Activities in the Field of Land Management in the Russian Federation
Authors: Podbolotova L. P. , Gvozdeva O. V. , Molodkina L. V. , Pyatov A. I. , Korostyleva A. A.
Published: February 2022

The authors of the presented article consider the main changes in land legislation that occurred in 2020-2021 regarding the modernization of legislation on control and supervisory activities in the field of federal state land control (supervision). These changes require the study and attention of both public authorities and individuals and legal entities. The article analyzes the main provisions of the Federal Law of 11.06.2021 N 170-FZ "On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On State Control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation" regarding the implementation of state land control (supervision), as well as new documents adopted in its development. It is concluded that not only legislation changes, but also activities in the field of land control (supervision) as one of the main functions of land and other real estate management.
Problems of the Chinese language textbook content in teaching future teachers of Chinese
Authors: Kazantseva Anzhela Anatolievna , Dyundik Yulia Borisovna. , Sizykh Elena Yurievna , Kazantseva Anastasiia Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2022

The present paper suggests the idea of development and introduction of a textbook in the Chinese language for future teachers of Chinese in the system of higher education in Russia. The authors analyze a number of reasons for the absence of such textbook in our education system. They consider both formal and content criteria of the existing textbooks for teaching practical Chinese language at the initial stage, which are most frequently used at our educational institutions. Special attention is paid to their advantages and disadvantages as well as to compiling new textbooks and teaching aids. The authors conclude that on the whole the existing textbooks are aimed at the formation of language knowledge and development of speaking skills, but their drawback is that they are not sufficiently aimed at the formation of professional skills and development of personal competencies essential for the future teacher.
“Ten steps of a Giant”. An important milestone in the history of Soviet-Chinese cultural relations
Authors: Baranov Nikolay , Ergardt Elena
Published: February 2022

The article discusses in detail a special issue of the children's magazine Koster which was prepared jointly with Chinese friends and was published in October 1959. The article analyzes the materials of this issue, the conclusion of which suggests that this is a unique approach to the coverage of Russian-Chinese cultural ties in children's periodicals. It is proposed to continue this tradition and to prepare an issue of the magazine Koster together with Chinese children's magazines dedicated to the 75th anniversary of PRC.
Chinese ideographic writing as a picture of the world: theoretical approach
Authors: Domashevskaya Daria , Shishmareva Tatiana , Khamaeva Elena
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with an ideographic writing presented from the standpoint of systems theory, grammatology and semiotics. Ideographic writing is regarded as a natural linguistic semiotic system with its own picture of the world.Ideographic writing as a spacereflects a whole set of writing signs as the ethno-linguistic and cultural reflection of the external physical space of the world and its fixation in the graphic component of the semiosphere as they are perceived by the Chinese ethnic group. Writing as a system focuses on the hierarchical and structural aspects, on establishing its semiographic framework, formation and interpretation models of character components. Ideographic writing as a picture of the world has a semiographic framework that reveals types of knowledge structures that can be seen behind the structure of the characters. The ideographic picture of the world forms a graphic metamodel of Chinese ethno-linguistic semiosphere. Authors propose a graphic metamodel of ideographic writing system based on the semiographic approach. This approach is applied to represent a semiographic framework of the Chinese ideographic writing space, a framework that consists of 540 bushou systematised by Xu Shen in the first Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”.
Building terminological competence in ecology students through creation of glossaries
Authors: Kulamikhina Irina , Abrosimova Ekaterina , Esmurzaeva Zhanbota , Taglianti Jacopo Vigna
Published: February 2022

The present study deals with the problem of development of terminological competence in students in professional ecological education by means of creation of students’ glossaries. The authors describe specifics of terminological competence of future ecologists as the ability to competently use terminology in the field of environmental protection, inspection and management to solve academic, research and environment-related tasks by means of communication. The authors develop an original conceptual model of the student’s glossary that makes it possible to improve students’ knowledge and understanding of professional terminology and lead to their professional and cultural development. The use of international term elements of Latin and ancient Greek origin in the student’s glossary solves the problem of ecological terminological ambiguity and promotes internalization of the professional knowledge and development of terminological competence in ecologist students. In ecological education, the student’s glossary is a systematizing multilingual and multifunctional open-type list of international term elements, terms and terminological phrases related to ecological sciences, with a possibility to be modified or added with new terms in accordance with the stages and goals of professional training. The specifics and roles of the student’s glossary are described at different stages of professional training. The authors formulate the basic principles and requirements for the creation of the student’s glossary.
Functional peculiarities of anaphoric units in the Japanese language system
Authors: Shalina Irina Victorovna , Trazanova Natalia Yurievna , Chaykisova Anna Valerievna
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the anaphoric usage of some Japanese units (copulas, nominalizers, demonstrative pronouns) at the semantic and syntactic levels. The study of anaphoric relations in the language in general and in individual languages in particular is of great interest to linguists conducting research in various areas of modern linguistics. Anaphora has been studied by functional linguists, cognitive linguists, psycholinguists, etc. Anaphoric relations have been described not only in the sentence, but also in the text. Now information about the use of anaphoric means at the level of discourse is considered to be one of the mandatory elements of a comprehensive description of the language or its pronominal system. Pronouns are given special attention, since they function as substitute words and help to make our speech more concise. Anaphoric demonstrative pronouns are used as connecting elements in the text and form intertextual links. They show that there is a predicate that identifies the previous and subsequent fragments of the utterance. Our approach can be characterized as an integral one. We attempt to present a complex description of the usage of anaphoric units in the Japanese language specifying their morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and communicative properties.
Waste management legislation in Russia and China: a comparative aspect
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana , Wu Cuiyi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to review Russian and Chinese waste legislation. Although there are political and institutional differences between the two countries, they converge with each other in terms of internationalization, regionalization trends, geographic relations, customs and habits. In addition, international cooperation has been established between China and Russia in the field of solid waste disposal; therefore it is very important to study the rules at the international level regarding the import and export of solid waste, as well as the disposal of waste hazardous to human health and the environment.
Methodological genesis of the concept “Soft power” in the system of global regionalism
Authors: Fedorova Tatyana V. , Khlyzova Natalia Yu.
Published: February 2022

The concept «power» has a significant status in the system of global regionalism. All concepts of political research originated in different branches of knowledge. Despite the great attention of scientists, the specific definition of this concept and the various approaches of the academic community cause the complexity and inconsistency to study the concept «power» in political science. Geopolitical space in this century is changing and the challenge of the phenomenon is to make an attractive country image. The national idea and mission of it can be concentrated and used by soft power mechanism in practice. «Soft power» has a goal to create motivation for action and make a decision by an object that has a «soft» effect. Therefore, to study indirect impact on the countries’ politics becomes the most burning. This work analyses the methodological genesis of the concept «Soft Power», gives the features of some theories considering the concept «power», including: classical, political, offensive realism, liberalism, democratic peace, the theory of international organizations, etc.
International and area studies in vocational training: new trends and challenges
Authors: Gusevskaya Natalia Yu. , Kazantseva Natalia A.
Published: February 2022

Russian universities offer many international and area studies for Bachelor's or Master's programs for students intending to work in the sphere of international cooperation. There has been, however, limited research into how these programs meet the learning needs of students in international and area studies. The rationale for conducting this research is to provide insights to educators on how they might design courses to develop better professional skills. A review of the literature highlights the concerns of academics and practitioners about the balance in curriculum emphasis between political theory and international cooperation practice. This study examined the merits of different pedagogical approaches through the experiences of educators from different tertiary offerings. It is argued that there are some categories of proficiencies that are required to sustain a career in the field of international and area studies. Based on the findings, recommendations have been provided in arranging curriculum and academic activities. Critical thinking, writing, political analysis, role-play, and public speaking are highly recommended to be incorporated into the area studies curriculum.
Territorial nature protection system of Siberia and Mongolia
Authors: Kalikhman Tatyana , Enkh-Amgalan Sandag
Published: February 2022

The large territory, including Mongolia and Russian Siberia, discussed in the article, has similarities in physical, geographical, and socio-demographic parameters, as well as the attitude to them as "resource colonies". But these Siberian and Mongolian components differ significantly politically, which affects their institutional and managerial characteristics, which in turn affects the process of forming the structure of territorial nature protection. The article analyses the existing systems of protected areas in Siberia and Mongolia, their structure, and legislative bases. In this study, Siberia is considered within the boundaries of the natural geographic territory between the Urals and the Far East and includes 14 regions of Russia. Of these, the Siberian Federal District includes the Altai Republic, Altai Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Kemerovo Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tuva Republic, Khakassia Republic. The Far Eastern Federal District includes the Buryatia Republic, the Trans-Baikal Krai, Sakha (Yakutia) Republic; the Tyumen Oblast is located in the Ural Federal District.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Pharmakologie
Authors: Fender Anke C. , Dobrev Dobromir
Published: February 2022

Frauen erfahren Krankheit und Pharmakotherapie oft anders als Männer. Neben
psychosozialen Aspekten bestehen geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede auch bei Prozessen
der Pharmakokinetik (Aufnahme, Verteilung, Metabolisierung, Ausscheidung) sowie der
Pharmakodynamik (Bindung, biologische und molekulare Wirkung). Diese Variabilität kann die
Wirkdauer, Wirkstärke und Wirkqualität eines Arzneistoffs entscheidend beeinflussen und
sollte bei der individuellen Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung unbedingt einbezogen werden.
Pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie bei Frauen
Authors: Xanthouli Panagiota , Eichstaedt Christina A. , Ewinger Max , Marra Alberto M. , Grünig Ekkehard
Published: February 2022

Die pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie (PAH) ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit vielen
Untergruppen. Frauen sind wesentlich häufiger betroffen bei der „klassischen“
idiopathischen Form, der hereditären und bei der Kollagenose-assoziierten PAH. Es wird
vermutet, dass der höhere Östrogenspiegel bei Frauen die Pathophysiologie mit Einengung
der kleinen Pulmonalarteriolen als Ursache der PAH zumindest bei den Mutationsträgerinnen
begünstigt. PAH-Patientinnen haben ähnliche Symptome wie betroffene Männer, sprechen aber
möglicherweise anders auf gezielte PAH-Therapien an. Sie haben im Mittel ein längeres
Überleben im Vergleich zu männlichen Patienten. In dieser Arbeit werden wir
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Herzinsuffizienz: Pathophysiologie,
Risikofaktoren und Bildgebung
Authors: Aßmus Birgit , Angermann Christiane E.
Published: February 2022

Herzinsuffizienz betrifft etwa 4 Millionen Menschen in Deutschland, stellt die häufigste
Ursache für Hospitalisierungen dar und trägt wesentlich zur Morbidität und Letalität einer
älter werdenden Gesellschaft bei. Bei der Herzinsuffizienz gibt es ausgeprägte
geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede, sowohl bezüglich Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und
Risikofaktoren als auch in der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Daher ist die Kenntnis der
Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen mit Herzinsuffizienz in Hinblick auf die
genannten Faktoren essenziell sowohl für das Erkennen der Erkrankung als auch für
Interpretation der Diagnostik. Mit dem aktuellen Artikel wollen wir einen kurzen Überblick
zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden der Herzinsuffizienz-Entwicklung geben und zum
Weiterlesen inspirieren.
Synthesis of 5-Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Z)-N,N-Dimethyl-N′-(pyrazin-2-yl)formimidamides from 2-Aminopyrazines, LiI/Selectfluor, FSO2CF2CO2Me and DMF under Cu Catalysis
Authors: Hu Jiao , Li Shengyu , Zheng Sheng-Cai , Zhao Xiaoming , Wang Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-substituted (Z)-N,N-dimethyl-N′-(pyrazin-2-yl)formimidamides via the iodination of 2-aminopyrazines with Selectfluor/LiI followed by a domino trifluoromethylation with FSO2CF2CO2Me and a condensation with DMF in the presence of CuI is realized under mild conditions. This three-step method offers CF3-substituted (Z)-N,N-dimethyl-N′-(pyrazin-2-yl)formimidamides in yields of 55–70% and with high regioselectivities. LiI serves as an iodine source, whilst DMF functions as both a solvent and a condensation reagent. The regioselectivity of these trifluoromethylation reactions is strongly dependent upon the substituent pattern on the 2-aminopyrazines. A possible mechanism for this method is also discussed.
Application of Proline-Derived (Thio)squaramide Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Diels–Alder and Conjugate Addition Reactions
Authors: Kupai József , Dargó Gyula , Nagy Sándor , Kis Dávid , Bagi Péter , Mátravölgyi Béla , Tóth Blanka , Huszthy Péter , Drahos László
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of chiral proline-derived squaramide and thiosquaramide organocatalysts, which are capable of the dual activation in asymmetric reactions is reported. The (thio)squaramide moiety can form hydrogen bonds to activate the substrates and to stereocontrol the reaction, while the pyrrolidine unit can form enamines to activate carbonyl compounds via aminocatalysis. Comparing the performance of thiosquaramide to squaramide, the Diels–Alder reaction of (anthracen-9-yl)acetaldehyde and trans-β-nitrostyrene was examined, which has been investigated in the literature using quantum chemical calculations. Both squaramide and thiosquaramide gave excellent yields (up to 99%) and enantiomeric excess values (up to 98%). Moreover, their catalytic performance was compared in conjugate addition of lawsone to β,γ-unsaturated α-keto ester.
Postural Control in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cusin Flavia Salvaterra , Tomaz Andreza , Ganança Maurício Malavasi , Oliveira Enedina Maria , Gonçalves Alessandra Billi Falcão , Caovilla Heloisa Helena
Published: February 2022

Introduction Postural instability is considered one of the most disabling symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Objective To evaluate postural control in patients with RRMS.

Method A total of 79 individuals between 18 and 65 years old, of both genders, were distributed into an experimental group composed of patients with RRMS (n = 51) and in a control group composed by healthy individuals (n = 28). The evaluation consisted of anamnesis, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), visual vertigo analog scale (VVAS), and static posturography (Tetrax IBS).

Results Patients with RRMS presented mild degree in the DHI and in the VVAS; in Tetrax IBS, they presented higher or lower values of the indices of general stability, weight distribution, synchronization of postural oscillation, fall risk, and frequency bands of postural oscillation in two, five or all eight sensory conditions, in relation to the control group. Vestibular, visual and/or somatosensory dysfunction of peripheral type (51.0%) prevailed over the central type. The RRMS group, with an expanded scale of disability status > 3 points, presented a higher fall risk than with a score ≤ 3 points (p = 0.003). There was a positive correlation of the Fall Risk Index with the total DHI Score (s = 0.380; p = 0.006) and with the VVAS score (s = 0.348; p = 0.012).

Conclusion Patients with RRMS may present with inability to maintain postural control due to general instability, desynchronization and increased postural oscillation at frequencies that suggest deficiencies in the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems; as well as fall risk related to the state and intensity of functional disability and self-perception of the influence of dizziness on quality of life.
Resultados de uma técnica modificada de reconstrução assistida por artroscopia para instabilidade lateral do tornozelo
Authors: Sánchez Carlos A. , Briceño Ignacio , Robledo Jaime
Published: February 2022

Objetivo O presente estudo avalia os resultados de uma técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva para o manejo da instabilidade aguda e crônica do tornozelo.

Métodos O presente estudo de uma série de casos avaliou retrospectivamente 40 pacientes submetidos à reconstrução percutânea assistida por artroscopia do ligamento do tornozelo entre 2013 e 2019.

Resultados O estudo incluiu 17 homens e 23 mulheres com idade média de 38,3 anos. O acompanhamento pós-intervenção utilizou a pontuação American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês). As pontuações do tornozelo-retropé identificaram melhora > 30 pontos na função e no controle da dor. As lesões associadas mais frequentes foram as osteocondrais (35%). Nenhum paciente precisou de reintervenção ou teve infecção durante o acompanhamento.

Conclusão A técnica do presente estudo é fácil e consegue resultados satisfatórios para a função e o controle da dor.

Nível de Evidência IV.
Incidence of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Admitted in NIMS Intensive Care Unit during Second Wave
Authors: Srikanth N. , Jyotsna M. , Durga Padmaja , Kumar Achukatla
Published: February 2022

Prevalence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is very high when we compare the coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients with the other patients who are admitted in intensive care unit for other different infection. Thorough evaluation of the different causative factors for PTE should be better evaluated and prevention can be tried accordingly. Incidence of subclinical PTE that can give rise to future cardiac disease needs to be studied and plan of action can be done accordingly. Newer modalities of detecting PTE using non-invasive or simple invasive techniques need to be investigated to cope up in pandemic situation.
Main Complications during Pregnancy and Recommendations for Adequate Antenatal Care in Sickle Cell Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Figueira Camilla Olivares , Surita Fernanda Garanhani , Fertrin Kleber , Nobrega Guilherme de Moraes , Costa Maria Laura
Published: February 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic disease worldwide, with a variable prevalence in each continent. A single nucleotide substitution leads to an amino-acid change in the β-globin chain, altering the normal structure ofhemoglobin, which is then called hemoglobin S inherited in homozygosity (HbSS) or double heterozygosity (HbSC, HbSβ), and leads to chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, inflammation, and endothelium activation. Pregnant women with SCD are at a higher risk of developing maternal and perinatal complications. We performed a narrative review of the literature considering SCD and pregnancy, the main clinical and obstetrical complications, the specific antenatal care, and the follow-up for maternal and fetal surveillance. Pregnant women with SCD are at a higher risk of developing clinical and obstetric complications such as pain episodes, pulmonary complications, infections, thromboembolic events, preeclampsia, and maternal death. Their newborns are also at an increased risk of developing neonatal complications: fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, stillbirth. Severe complications can occur in patients of any genotype. We concluded that SCD is a high-risk condition that increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach during pregnancy and the postpartum period is key to adequately diagnose and treat complications.
Historical Clinical Outcomes of Children with Myelomeningocele Meeting the Criteria for Fetal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Survey of Brazilian Patients
Authors: Peixoto-Filho Fernando Maia , Cervante Tatiana Protzenko , Bellas Antonio Rosa , Gomes Junior Saint Clair , Lapa Denise Araújo , Acácio Gregório Lorenzo , Carvalho Paulo Roberto Nassar de , Sá Renato Augusto Moreira de
Published: February 2022

Objective To analyze the historical clinical outcomes of children with myelomeningocele (MMC) meeting the criteria for fetal surgery, but who underwent postnatal primary repair.

Methods Data from children undergoing postnatal MMC repair between January 1995 and January 2015 were collected from the Neurosurgery Outpatient Clinic's medical records. Children were included if they had ≥ 1 year of postoperative follow-up and met the criteria for fetal surgery. The children's data were then stratified according to whether they received a shunt or not. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were educational delays, hospitalization, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and renal failure.

Results Over the 20-year period, 231 children with MMC were followed up. Based on clinical data recorded at the time of birth, 165 (71.4%) qualify of fetal surgery. Of the 165 patients, 136 (82.4%) underwent shunt placement. The mortality rate was 5.1% in the group with shunt and 0% in the group without, relative risk (RR) 3.28 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.19–55.9). The statistically significant RRs for adverse outcomes in the shunted group were 1.86 (95% CI, 1.01–3.44) for UTI, 30 (95% CI, 1.01–537) for renal failure, and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.09–2.87) for hospitalizations.

Conclusion Children with MMC qualifying for fetal surgery who underwent shunt placement were more likely to have recurrent UTIs, develop renal failure, and be hospitalized. Since approximately half of the shunt procedures could be avoided by fetal surgery, there is a clinical benefit and a possible financial benefit to the implementation of this technology in our setting.
Characteristics of a Population with Gender Incongruence Assisted at a Specialized Outpatient Service in the City of Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Okano Sérgio Henrique Pires , Franceschini Silvio Antônio , Lerri Maria Rita , Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Lara Lúcia Alves da Silva
Published: February 2022

Objective To identify the age when individuals first perceive gender incongruence (GI) and to compare sociodemographic data of female-to-male (FtM) and male-to-female (MtF) transgender individuals assisted at an outpatient service.

Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted through a review of the medical records of individuals diagnosed with GI at a single specialized outpatient service in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Results A total of 193 medical records from 2010 to 2018 were evaluated, and 109 (56.5%) patients had GI since childhood. The FtM transgender individuals perceived GI in childhood more often than the MtF transgender individuals (odds ratio [OR]: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.11–3.81) Unattended hormone use was highest among the MtF group (69.6% versus 32.3%; OR: 4.78, 95%CI: 2.53–9.03). All of the individuals who were engaged in prostitution or were diagnosed with a sexually-transmitted infection, including HIV, were in the MtF group.

Conclusion Despite the more prevalent perception of GI in childhood among the FtM group, social issues were more prevalent among the MtF group, which may be the result of social marginalization.
Could Aspirin Treatment Modify the Assessment of the Uterine Arteries?
Authors: Vallejo Gabriela Marisol , Uriel Montserrat , Porras-Ramírez Alexandra , Romero Ximena Carolina
Published: February 2022

Objective To analyze whether acetylsalicylic (ASA) intake modifies the mean uterine arteries pulsatility index (UtA-PI) at the 2nd or 3rd trimester in a cohort of pregnant women with abnormal mean UtA-PI at between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation.

Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. Singleton pregnancies with abnormal mean UtA-PI at between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation were studied. The participants were divided into 3 groups: 1) If the participant did not take ASA during pregnancy; 2) If the participant took ASA before 14 weeks of gestation; and 3) If the participant took ASA after 14 weeks of gestation. The mean UtA-PI was evaluated at the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and it was considered to improve when it decreased below the 95th percentile. The prevalence ratio (PR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated.

Results A total of 72 participants with a mean UtA-PI > 95th percentile at the 1st trimester of gestation were evaluated. Out of the 18 participants who took ASA, 8 participants started it before 14 weeks of gestation and 10 after. A total of 33.3% of these participants had improved the mean UtA-PI at the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of gestation, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.154). The prevalence ratio was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–1.89), but between the 1st and 2nd trimesters of gestation, the PR was 0.92 (95%CI: 0.21–0.99) and it was statistically significant.

Conclusion The present work demonstrates a modification of the mean UtA-PI in participants who took ASA compared with those who did not. It is important to check if ASA can modify the normal limits of uterine arteries because this could have an impact on surveillance.
Design and characteristic analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic motor based on spherical stator
Authors: Li Zheng , Guo Zhanyu , Han Haitao , Su Zhirong , Sun Hexu
Published: February 2022

The multidimensional motion ultrasonic motor with a single spherical stator is studied in this paper. It has the characteristics of miniaturization and can be used in precision motion applications. By bonding six identical pieces of piezoelectric ceramic onto the stator and applying the voltage signal of high frequency, the deformation of the inverse piezoelectric effect is used to excite the stator yaw vibration mode. The orthogonal superposition of the modes of the spherical stator on the driving foot produces elliptical trajectory around X, Y, and Z directions by different excitation methods. According to the yaw vibration mode of the spherical stator, 12 driving feet are designed to drive the rotation of the spherical rotor. The structure and mechanical characteristics of the motor are simulated by using simulation software, and the transient response of the stator driving foot was obtained, which proved its feasibility. Finally, the output performance of the motor in actual operation is given through experiments, which provides a new reference scheme in the field of precise multi-degree-of-freedom motion. At a voltage of 100 V and a frequency of 26.7 kHz, the prototype has a no-load speed of 73, 70, and 114 rpm around X, Y, and Z axes, respectively.
Carrier localization in zero-dimensional and one-dimensional CdSe–CdS heterostructures
Authors: Staechelin Yannic U. , Deffner Michael , Krohn Sonja , Castillo Delgadillo Christian , Niehaus Jan Steffen , Lange Holger
Published: February 2022

Mobile charge carriers in heterostructured nanoparticles are relevant for applications requiring charge separation and extraction. We investigate the benchmark systems CdSe–CdS core–shell quantum dots and quantum dots in quantum rods by optical and THz pump–probe spectroscopy. We relate photoconductivity and carrier location and observe that only shell-located electrons in quantum rods contribute to an observable photoconductivity. Despite the shallow electron confinement in the quasi-type II heterostructures, core-located carriers are bound into immobile excitons that respond on external electrical fields by polarization.
Phase transitions and superconductivity in ternary hydride Li2SiH6 at high pressures
Authors: Wu Sixuan , Li Bin , Chen Zhi , Hou Yu , Bai Yan , Hao Xiaofeng , Yang Yeqian , Liu Shengli , Cheng Jie , Shi Zhixiang
Published: February 2022

We predicted a new ternary hydride Li2SiH6 at high pressures. A systematic structure search in the Li2SiH6 compound reveals novel stable phases with intriguing electronic and phonon properties. It is found that Li2SiH6 is dynamically stable from ambient pressure up to 400 GPa with three novel phases: P312, P3¯, and P6¯2m. The calculation of electron–phonon coupling combined with Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer’s argument indicates that this compound may be a candidate for high Tc superconductors under high pressures. In particular, the maximum Tc of P6¯2m-Li2SiH6 at 400 GPa reaches 56 K. Our findings further promoted the research on the superconductivity of hydrogen-rich compounds.
Barriers and enablers to hepatitis C treatment among clients of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in South East Queensland, Australia: a qualitative enquiry
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Massi Luciana , Brown Renee , Mills Richard , Turner Lyle , Smirnov Andrew , Selvey Linda A.
Published: February 2022

Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians have disproportionately high rates of hepatitis C infection. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services play an important role in promoting hepatitis C treatment, but uptake is variable. This study explores the service-level barriers and enablers to hepatitis C screening and treatment among clients of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in South East Queensland. Methods This qualitative study involved yarns with 16 clients and 40 healthcare providers. Thematic analysis was used to identify common barriers and enablers to hepatitis C screening and treatment. Results Common barriers included healthcare providers’ knowledge deficits and inaccurate perceptions of clients’ ability to complete treatment, whereas clients described stigma that resulted in distrust of health care, and experiences of poor relationships and connections with healthcare providers. Enablers included Aboriginal governance of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services and the ease of direct-acting antiviral treatment. Conclusions This study’s findings point to the need for healthcare worker training focussing on client autonomy, reduced hepatitis C-related stigma, and consideration of clinicians’ roles in increasing service engagement. Addressing the barriers to hepatitis C treatment through client-focussed service improvement may promote increased hepatitis C screening and treatment among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
Foreword to the Special Issue on ‘The rapidly expanding role of drones as a tool for wildlife research’
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J. , Johnston Aaron N. , Kiszka Jeremy J.
Published: February 2022

Drones have emerged as a popular wildlife research tool, but their use for many species and environments remains untested and research is needed on validation of sampling approaches that are optimised for unpiloted aircraft. Here, we present a foreword to a special issue that features studies pushing the taxonomic and innovation boundaries of drone research and thus helps address these knowledge and application gaps. We then conclude by highlighting future drone research ideas that are likely to push biology and conservation in exciting new directions.
Cotranslational interaction of human EBP50 and ezrin overcomes masked binding site during complex assembly
Authors: Khan Krishnendu , Long Briana , Baleanu-Gogonea Camelia , Gogonea Valentin , Deshpande Gauravi M. , Vasu Kommireddy , Fox Paul L.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Multiprotein complexes in mammalian cells are thought to form by interactions between domains of mature, fully folded proteins. However, in some cases interprotein interaction is obstructed by “buried” or inaccessible binding domains. One such example is the interaction between EBP50 and ezrin, proteins linking the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton; self-association of domains in ezrin masks the site recognized by EBP50. Here, we show EBP50 overcomes this obstacle by cotranslationally binding to nascent ezrin’s otherwise masked domain emerging from the translating ribosome. Our study extends the function of mRNA translation beyond “simple” generation of linear peptide chains that fold into mature proteins for subsequent complex assembly; additionally, cotranslation can facilitate interactions with sterically inaccessible domains to form functional multiprotein complexes.
Damping of long wavelength gravitational waves by the intergalactic medium
Authors: Lieu Richard , Lackeos Kristen , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2022

The problem of radiation by the charged particles of the intergalactic medium (IGM) when a passing gravitational wave (GW) accelerates them is investigated. The largest acceleration (taking a charge from rest to a maximum speed which remains non-relativistic in the rest frame of the unperturbed spacetime) is found to be limited by the curvature of a propagating spherical gravitational wavefront. Interesting physics arises from the ensuing emission of radiation into the warm hot IGM, which to lowest order is a fully ionized hydrogen plasma with a frozen-in magnetic field B. It is found that for a vast majority of propagation directions, the radiation can penetrate the plasma at frequencies below the plasma frequency ω
p, provided ω < ω
b, where ω
b = eB/m
e satisfies ω
b < ω
p for typical IGM conditions. Moreover, the refractive index under such a scenario is n ≫ 1, resulting in an enhanced radiative dissipation of GW energy (relative to the vacuum scenario), which is more severe for electrons if both charge species are in thermal equilibrium and accelerated in the same way. The emission by the electrons then prevails, and is further amplified by coherent addition of amplitudes within the size one wavelength. The conversion of GWs of λ≳ 5 × 1013 cm to electromagnetic waves means such GWs can only propagate a distance ≲1 Gpc before being significantly damped by an IGM B field of ∼10−8 G. The low-frequency GWs targeted by pulsar-timing-arrays will not survive unless the IGM magnetic field is much lower than expected. The mHz frequency GW inspirals targeted by future space based detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna remain intact and can be detected.
Quantum interference and domain–wall-like magnetic correlations in hexagonal graphene nanodisks
Authors: Hu Dong-Sheng , Ma Ling-Ling , Xiao Shi-Chang , Yu Shun-Li , Zhou Yuan
Published: February 2022

Quantum interference and traditional domain wall effects are two common ways to manipulate the magnetism in magnetic materials. Here, we report both effects emerge in the designed graphene nanodisks simultaneously, and thus providing an accessible way to engineer the magnetism in graphene nanostructures. By adjusting the length of the armchair edges at the corners of hexagonal disk, connecting the adjacent zigzag edges, we show that the quantum interference among the zigzag edges remains robust and consequently determines the magnetic structure in the small-size systems, in analogy with the nanoribbons. More importantly, a domain–wall-like magnetic mechanism is numerically identified to dominate the larger-size disks. In particular, a magnetic state with fully spin-polarized edges achieved in a wide parameter region promises the future applications for spintronics.
Manifestation of the Jahn–Teller effect subject to quadratic

T⊗e+t2

problem in ultrasonic attenuation. Case study of CaF2:Cr crystal with isovalent and aliovalent substitution
Authors: Sarychev Maksim N , Hosseny Wessam A L , Zhevstovskikh Irina V , Ulanov Vladimir A , Shakurov Gilman S , Egranov Aleksandr V , Surikov Vladimir T , Averkiev Nikita S , Gudkov Vladimir V
Published: February 2022

A new approach is introduced to obtain information about the adiabatic potential energy surface of the Jahn–Teller (JT) complexes subject to the

T
⊗

e
+

t

2

problem in doped crystals. It employs simulation of the contribution of the JT sub-system to ultrasonic attenuation with account of three mechanisms of relaxation and subsequent comparison with the experimental data on temperature dependence of the attenuation obtained with the use of doped crystal and nominally pure one. The approach has been applied to the CaF2 crystal doped with chromium. The experiment has been carried out at the frequencies of (13–158) × 106 Hz at low temperatures (4–170 K). Peak for all the ultrasonic normal modes propagating along the [110] axis has been observed at about 8 K. It has been considered as the JT effect manifestation by the sub-system of Cr2+

F

8

−

complexes. Symmetry properties of the global minima and saddle points have been identified, the JT stabilization energies and coordinates of the extrema points in the five-dimensional space of symmetrized displacements have been evaluated. Besides, a broad shoulder has been found at 15–40 K and attributed to contribution of the Cr3+

F

8

−

sub-system.
Hopfion dynamics in chiral magnets
Authors: Khodzhaev Zulfidin , Turgut Emrah
Published: February 2022

Resonant spin dynamics of topological spin textures are correlated with their topological nature, which can be employed to understand this nature. In this study, we present resonant spin dynamics of three-dimensional topological spin texture, i.e., Neel and Bloch hopfions. Using micromagnetic simulations, we stabilize Bloch and Neel hopfions with bulk and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, respectively. We identify the ground state spin configuration of both hopfions, effects of anisotropies, geometric confinements, and demagnetizing fields. To confirm topological nature, Hopf number is calculated for each spin texture. Then, we calculate the resonance frequencies and spin-wave modes of spin precessions under multiple magnetic fields. Unique resonance frequencies and specific magnetic field dependence can help to guide experimental studies to identify the three-dimensional topological spin texture of hopfions in functioning chiral magnets when imaging is not possible.
Transport and structural properties of MgB2/Fe wires produced by redesigning internal Mg diffusion process
Authors: Yetiş Hakan , Avcı Doğan , Karaboğa Fırat , Aksoy Canan , Gajda Daniel , Martínez Elena , Tanyıldızı Fatih Mehmet , Zaleski Andrzej , Babij Michal , Tran Lan Maria , Angurel Luis Alberto , de la Fuente G F , Belenli İbrahim
Published: February 2022

We report transport, electromechanical, and structural properties of single core MgB2/Fe wire produced using a new fabrication method, called designed internal Mg diffusion (IMD) process, which relies on the use of non-stoichiometric Mg + B pellets with excess Mg in place of a central Mg rod used in the standard IMD method. Structural analysis revealed the successful formation of a porous MgB2 structure in the center and a dense circular MgB2 layer surrounding this structure in the designed-IMD wire. Fast transport I–V measurements showed that the designed IMD method increased engineering critical current density (J
e) up to twice that of the IMD wires in self-field. The central porous MgB2 structure shared the applied current and indirectly behaved as an internal stabilizer against quench damage at high applied currents.
Thermodynamics of 4D dS/AdS Gauss–Bonnet black holes according to consistent gravity theory in the presence of a cloud of strings
Authors: Ghaffarnejad Hossein
Published: February 2022

By looking at the Lovelock theorem one can infer that the gravity model given by [1] cannot be applicable for all types of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) curved space-time. The reason for this is that in 4D space-time, the Gauss–Bonnet invariant is a total derivative and hence it does not contribute to gravitational dynamics. Hence, the authors of [2] presented an alternative consistent EGB gravity model instead of [1] by applying a break-of-diffeomorphism property. In this work, we use the alternative model to produce a de Sitter (dS)/Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole metric and then investigate its thermodynamic behavior in the presence of a cloud of Nambu–Goto strings. Mathematical derivations show that the resulting diagrams of pressure vs specific volume at a constant temperature are similar to that for a van der Waals gas/fluid in an ordinary thermodynamic system in the dS sector but not in the AdS background. From this, we infer that the black hole participates in the small-to-large black hole phase transition in the dS background, while it exhibits a Hawking–Page phase transition in the AdS background. In the latter case, an evaporating black hole eventually reaches an AdS vacuum space because of its instability.