bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the instruments for measuring Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in children.
Authors: Altamirano Diego , Bizama Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

The introduction of the measurement of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) into a comprehensive assessment is highly significant, since it provides essential information by considering the treatment needs of each individual and population from their own perspective. Likewise, it is an important tool for the assessment of interventions, services and public health programs, especially those aimed at children and adolescents, since they are one of the main objective groups of the dental services. The aim of this paper is to review the main available instruments for measuring OHRQoL, especially in children. Measuring quality of life according to the oral health status is subjective, since it is influenced by different factors that cannot be observed in a direct manner. These instruments were developed for that purpose and represent dimensions that seek to value the personal psychosocial perception of each individual. Several health problems affect the QoL of children and adolescents, including: DDQ, Michigan OH, OH-ECQOL, SOHO-5, ECOHIS, Child-DPQ, Child-OHIP, Child-OIDP, CPQ8-10, CPQ11-14, DFTO, IFAQ, MIQ, P-CPQ, PedsQ1 OH, POQL, among others.
Factors associated with Oral Health Related Quality of Life in children. Literature Review.
Authors: Nauduam Yanara , Sandoval Gabriela
Published: September 2019

Quality of Life (QoL) refers to a concept that might comprise different levels, which are able to identify the biological, economic, social and psychological demands from individual level up to community level. The concept of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) refers to the ability of performing daily activities and considers subjective aspects such as happiness, social well-being and emotional well-being, in order to know people’s perception about their life. The aim of this article is to review the main factors associated with OHRQoL in children. Socioeconomic status, family structure, overcrowded homes, number of children, parent’s educational attainment and psychological factors, among others, were significant predictors for children’s OHRQoL. In Chile, there is a scarcity of OHRQoL in children and adolescents. The knowledge of OHRQoL might help to improve the development of programs and the effectiveness of oral health services, since it allows the assessment of small children, perceived needs and effectiveness of treatment strategies.
Concepts and techniques to improve resin/resin bonding. Literature Review.
Authors: Manríquez María , Hamdan Jaime
Published: September 2019

The availability of new scientific information about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of carious lesions and the introduction of reliable adhesive restorative materials substantially reduced the need of extensive tooth preparations. In order to achieve a successful procedure, an adequate bonding interface between old and new composite is required. The aim of this article is to review the concepts and techniques described in the literature for the improvement of resin-resin bonding. Bonding to dentin has been quite difficult to achieve. The difficulties are that dentin’s histological structure and chemical composition are very different from those of the enamel. Bonding to dentin requires, besides acid conditioning and the adhesive required for enamel, a primer or dentin bonding agent, which is a hydrophilic, able to penetrate by infiltrating the microscopic spaces of the collagen mesh. The repairing of faulty restorations is a treatment option that has proven to be quite effective and safe, since it presents excellent results over time. For this purpose, different methods for surface treatment have been developed, which has a great effect on the resistance of the reparation bonding. In order to achieve successful bonding between both resins, the following steps are recommended, including: surface roughening, acid etching, silane application, and bonding agent application.
Porphyromonas gingivalis and its impact on periodontal health and systemic diseases. A concise review.
Authors: Jasma Pablo , Sánchez Patricio
Published: September 2019

Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, associated to a dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by the progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment. Clinical studies have revealed the presence of 10 to 15 bacterial species that are potential periodontal pathogens in adults. From these, the most cited are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. The aim of this article is to review P. gingivalis’ characteristics and impact on periodontal and systemic health. Different studies have reported a relation between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal disease. P. gingivalis was one of the most frequently detected species in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. This is due to its unique ability to avoid the host’s immune response and contribute to the development of the destructive process. P. gingivalis, although only present in low frequency, is pathogenic because of its ability to induce dysbiotic microbial communities. There is more evidence that P. gingivalis might invade cardiovascular cells and tissues causing inflammation. It has been suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the development of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The repeated exposure to P. gingivalis, produces neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and formation of intra and extracellular amyloid plaques, which are pathognomonic signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Impact of the use of Modern Teaching Technologies (MTT) In Educational Process at the Faculty of Education, Jazan University
Authors: Alla Mohamed Mahasin Gad
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of Modern Teaching Technologies (MTT) among faculty staff members at the Faculty of Education, Jazan University. The study conducted in the academic year 2016. A Systematic random sample of (130) faculty staff members was used. The faculty staff members were asked to express their attitudes towards the use of modern teaching technologies in educational processes. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. The data analyzed with SPSS personal computer program. Appropriate statistics for description (frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviations, T-Test and ANOVA Test) were used. The results showed that: There were significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between faculty staff responses on the impact of the use of modern teaching technologies in the educational process in favor of male participants. Thus, the null hypothesis (H0: 1=2) was rejected; There were significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the study participants attitudes towards the use of modern teaching technologies in the educational process, related to experience variable. Thus, The null hypothesis was rejected; There were no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the study participants attitudes towards the use of modern teaching technologies in the educational process, related to computer training courses. Thus, the null hypothesis (H0) was accepted. The researcher concluded that faculty staff members have a positive attitude towards the use of modern teaching technologies in the educational process. The researcher, also, stated some recommendations.
Information Services with Problem Based Learning Method to Reduce Academic Stress
Authors: Prawingga Devit , Yusuf A Muri , Neviyarni Neviyarni
Published: September 2019

Academic stress is a major problem faced by students. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of information services using the problem based learning (PBL) method to reduce student academic stress. This study used a pre-experimental approach with the design of one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study were 20 students taken by purposive sampling technique. The instrument uses an academic stress scale developed from Aldwin's theory by measuring physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Analysis techniques using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed that information services with the PBL method were effective in reducing student academic stress. This can be seen from the decrease in posttest scores that occurred in all students who were given information services using the PBL method.
The Significance of Troponin and Ck-Mb in Association with Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harahap Urip , Margata Linda
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the global main cause of morbidity and mortality. AMI describes the process of cell death due to prolonged ischemia identified by the appearance of pathological Q-wave in electrocardiogram (ECG). Myocardial cell death does not occur directly after the onset of myocardial ischemia, however, it occurs more than 6 hours after the onset. Thus, certain cardiac markers, such as cardiac troponin and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) which formed in myocardial cell damage, play a vital role in diagnosing AMI.

Keywords: Cardiac Biomarker, CK-MB, Diagnosis, Q-wave Myocardial Infarction, Troponin
Antimicrobial Activity of Liquid Soap Containing Turmeric (Curcuma domestica val.) and Lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus l.) Leaf Juice
Authors: Nazliniwaty  , Erly Sitompul
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to formulate an antimicrobial liquid soap containing 25% turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice. Lemongrass leaf juice and turmeric juice 25%  were formulated into a liquid soap. Stability, pH and viscosity of the liquid soap were evaluated. For stability tests, the preparation was stored for 3 months at room temperaure. The pH test was measured by Hanna pH meter. The viscosity test,was measured by Brookfield viscometer.The antimicrobial activity of the liquid soap was measured by disc diffusion method using bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermis, Eschericia coli, Microsporum gypseum and Candida albicans. Physical properties of the formulated liquid soap including pH, viscosity, and stability showed that it was stable for 3 months. The results of antimicrobial test of the liquid soap containing turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice showed that the inhibition diameter against Staphylococcus epidermis, Eschericia coli, Microsporum gypseum and Candida albicans were 22.89, 27.05, 24.30, and 33.05 mm, respectively, while the liquid soap without the juice were 20.76, 19.50, 20.50 and 21.46 mm, respectively. The soap was effective in inhibiting the growth of microbes. Combination of turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice increased the inhibitory zone diameter of the liquid soap for microbe. 

Keywords: Antimicrobial Agent, Lemongrass Leaf, Liquid Soap, Turmeric Leaf.
Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)
Authors: Khairunnisa  , Dita Utami Andini , Marianne
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300,  2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation.  There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic.

Keywords: Acute Toxicity,  Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract
Formulation of Antiacne Cream Dosage Form Containing Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarp Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Supomo  , Apriliana Anita , Purnawati Titin , Risqi Ainur
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to formulate ethanolic extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp (EEMP) in the antiacne cream dosage form. The formulae were made with 3 varied concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5% and 4.5%. The tests carried out in this study were  organoleptic cream preparations (odor, color, texture), homogeneity, pH, determination of the type of cream, spreadability, and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results of physical property evaluations showed that the EEMP indicated the pH value of 6, the spredability of the cream increased along with the increasing length of storage time. Duncan Test on the measurement of diameter dispersibility based on storage time showed that there were significant differences between the spreadability of the cream B and C. The cream produced was easy to wash indicating oil in water (o/w) type. The results of antibacterial activity test applying agar diffusion method using Mueller Hinton medium Agar (MHA) indicated that the inhibition zones of formulae II and III were 5.2 and 6 mm, respectively. Whereas, the formula I as well as the negative control showed no inhibition zones. It can be concluded that the EEMP can be formulated as an antiacne cream. The best cream formula was the formula II with the results of physical properties test were quite stable and able to produce inhibition zone against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

 

Keywords: Garcinia mangostana, cream, antiacne, antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
The Effect of Boiling Time and the Type of Utensil Used on the Nitrite and Nitrate Contents in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , Aritonang Shena Keshia , Muchlisyam
Published: September 2019

Abstract.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of boiling time using utensils made of different metal component on thenitrate and nitrite contentsin carrots. The carrots were obtained from Jaranguda Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The utensil types used for boiling were made of stainless steel, what so called periuk and aluminum and boiling time were 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes.The determination of nitrite was done by visible spectrophotometer using sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride reagentsand absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm. The determinationof nitrate wascarried out by reducing the nitrate into nitrite using Zinc powder and diluted HCl then measured as nitrite. The nitritelevel was then convertedinto nitrate. The result showed that the utensil types and boiling time affected the levels of nitrate and nitrite in carrots. The nitrate and nitrite levels in fresh carrots was 32.14 mg/kg and 24.78 mg/kg respectively. After boiling for 5 minutes, the nitrate and nitrite levels decreased significantly. Further boiling of boiled carrots, the nitrite levelincreased in the aluminum utensil from 11.00 mg/kg to 20.15 mg/kg (83 %); in periuk from 9.18 mg/kg to 16.95 mg/kg (78%) andin stainless steelfrom 8.21 mg/kg to 11.75 mg/kg (43%). While the nitrate level decreased in aluminumutensil from 27.14 mg/kg to 21.08 mg/kg (22%); stainless steel from 16.40 mg/kg to 13.25 mg/kg (19%) and periuk from 20.30 mg/kg to 16.51 mg/kg (18%).  The results of this study indicated that the nitrite level increased, while nitrate level decreased with boiling time.The effect of utensil type used on boiling increased nitrite but decreased nitrate level in carrotsand these effects were found that the mostinfluential treatmentwas using utensil made of aluminum.

Keyword: Carrot, Boiling Time, Nitrate, Nitrit, Utensil Type
Antimicrobial Activities and Mechanism of Action of Petiveria alliacea Stem Extract
Authors: Mulyani Yani , Ika Kurnia Sukmawati  , Jajang Jafar Sodik
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Petiveria alliacea stem (EEPS) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by perforation and broth micro dilution methods. Study on the mechanism of action of EEPS was conducted by molecular docking and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that EEPS had an inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with MIC values of 256, 128, 256, 512 µg/ml, consecutively. These values are included in to the medium category. Through the process of molecular docking, the best interaction was observed between S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide with penicillin-binding protein receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa characterized by free energy change (ΔG) of 4.32 kcal/mol, and the Ki value of 682.16 μM. Four folds of MIC of the EEPS caused changes in the morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EEPS possessed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

 

Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Molecular Docking, Petiveria alliacea, SEM.
Preparation and Characterization of Dextrin in Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Starch with Acid Catalyst and Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Sumaiyah  , Wiliantari Selvia , Karsono
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Taro produces carbohydrate. It has the potential as a substitute material for wheat and rice or as diversification into food and raw materials for pharmaceutical industrial. The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize dextrin in Xanthosoma sagittifolium starch with acid catalyst and enzymatic methods. Xanthosoma sagittifolium was mashed and decanted with distilled water. Dextrin was made by acid catalyst method using HCl 1 N and enzymatic method using α-amylase enzyme. Dextrin was characterized and tested according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-2593-1992. The results showed that the yield from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 41.73 % and 67.10 %, respectively. The color test showed that dextrin from acid catalyst method is yellowish whereas the enzymatic method gives white dextrin. The qualitative test with lugol solution gives brownish purple dextrin. The characteristic of 80 mesh fineness for dextrin fabricated by acid and enzymatic methods are 94.7 % ± 0.06 and 93.96 % ± 0.02 respectively. Dextrin obtained from acid catalyst has higher water content (8.79 % ± 0.15) than dextrin from enzymatic methods (7.62 % ± 0.23) as well as dextrin from acid catalyst has higher the ash content (0.45 % ± 0.02) than dextrin from enzymatic method (0.42 % ± 0.04). Dextrin made from enzymatic method has higher solubility in cold water (63.09 % + 0.1) than dextrin from acid catalyst method (57.47 % ± 0.25). Dextrose equivalent for dextrin produced is 13.65 ± 0.36 and 15.31 ± 0.46 for acid catalyst and enzymatic methods. Melting points for dextrin obtained from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 185 oC ± 0.57 and 182 cC ± 0.57 respectively. Acidity degree of dextrin fabricated from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 2.86 ± 0.23 and 4.39 ± 0.4. The research shows that the characterization of dextrin by acid catalyst and enzymatic methods meet the quality requirements for Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 01-2593-1992.

 

Key words: Taro, dextrin, acid catalyst method, enzymatic method
Hepatoprotective Activity of Curcuma mangga Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Male Mice
Authors: Yuandani  , Mardaliza Silvia , Marianne
Published: September 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga rhizomes on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. High dose of paracetamol (1.35g/kg bw) was used to induce hepatic necrosis of mice liver. The male mice  received ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizomes (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) for 7 days. The hepatoprotective actvity of extract was compared to normal, positive (curcuma) and negative control. The liver function was evaluated by measuring the biochemistry parameters which include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, histophatological study on hepatic tissue section was also carried out. The C. mangga extract displayed hepatoprotective effect except at dose of 100 mg/kg bw. The increasing of serum levels of AST and ALT were inhibited after treatment with ethanol extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kb bw which was comparable with normal and curcuma as postive control (p>0.05). In addition, histological assessment of hepatic tissue demonstrated no liver damage, specially at dose of 400 mg/kb BW. The result indicate that ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizomes has hepatoprotective effect, especially at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw .

 

Keywords: C. mangga, rhizomes, biochemistry parameters, histopathology
Analysis of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Residues in Chicken Meat Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Furi Mustika , Sinaga Siti Morin , Putra Effendy De Lux
Published: September 2019

Antibiotics are commonly used as food additives in broiler farms and their use tends to be excessive regardless and incorrect that can leave some antibiotic residues in chicken meat. The aimed of this study was to analyze on  antibiotic residues level amoxicillin and tetracycline in chicken meat sold in Medan. The antibiotic residues analysis was conducted by extracting the antibiotic from chicken meat with water and acetonitrile (2:8, v/v) and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detector using C-18 column (4.6 mm i.d., length 30 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) at 35 oC, with the mobile phases,  0.1 % formic acid solution in water and 0.1 % formic acid solution in methanol with gradient elution technique at a flow rate of  0.5 ml/minute. The result exhibited that the chicken meat that were collected from five  markets  in Medan apparently contained antibiotic residues  tetracycline . The level of  tetracyclin residue in chicken meat was  0.1157-1.4436 µg/g, which exceed the maximum level  for tetracyclin residue allowed in foodstuffs of animal origin which is 0.1 ug/g.

 

Keywords: residue, antibiotic, amoxicillin, tetracycline, chicken meat
Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , Lida Karo Karo  , Sinaga Siti Morin , Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi
Published: September 2019

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition  in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of  virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids
Appropriateness of Antibiotic Utilization in Hospitalized Post-Surgery Patients
Authors: Nasution Azizah , Fashilah Noor , Nugraha Sony Eka
Published: September 2019

Abstract. One of the most common health problems related to surgery is infection which needs treatment with antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics results in many problems including microbial resistance, interference of the required clinical outcomes, increasing side effects of the provided antibiotics and health resources utilization, causing toxic effects to the body organs, and even death. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization on post-surgery patients admitted to Haji Adam Malik (HAM) Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. This three-month prospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization based on Gyssens method categorized into appropriate and inappropriate (in terms of dose, interval, route,  too long provision, too short provision, less effective, toxicity, price, and the spectrum), and trustable literatures on post-surgery patients assessed from their medical records (n=31) in HAM Hospital Medan. Most (54.8%) of the patients were females. The study proved that 23 (74.2%) of the patients received appropriate/rational antibiotic therapy and 8 (25.8%) of them received inappropriate antibiotic therapy consisted of problems with: inappropriate dose, 13%; too long duration, 3.2%); too short duration, 29%. More than a quarter of the patients received inappropriate dosages of antibiotics.
Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Lead and Cadmium in Selected Lipstick Products Sold in Padang City Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Ridho Asra  , Rusdi  , Robi Budi Yandra  , Nessa
Published: September 2019

The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals of lead and cadmium in selected lipstick products sold in Padang city. Four brands of lipsticks were taken which were BL, NK, PS and WD. The lipsticks were grinded and analyzed for heavy metals (lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was destructed by nitric acid and perchloric acid (3:1). Destructed samples were added with sodium hydroxide to liberate ammonia and filtered into a 25 mL volumetric flask. The concentrations of heavy metal were measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that lead heavy metal contamination was not detected. Whereas, the heavy metal contamination of cadmium in lipstick brands BL, NK, PS and WD were 0.2287, 0.2000, 0.1796 and 0.1220 mg/kg, respectively. The study results showed that all metal contaminations of lead and cadmium were not over the limit which were regulated by National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mineral Analysis in Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Tuber by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Masfria  , Rehulina Gultom  , Prayoga Tedy
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

 

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze minerals in gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber.

Method: The analysis of minerals was conducted by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Results: The results showed that the concentration of iron, cadmium, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc were 0.6445 + 0.0029 mg/100g, 0.0011 + 0.0083 mg/100g, 265.2780 + 0.4652 mg/100g, 5.1015 + 0.0490 mg/100g, 8.3011 + 0.0974 mg/100g, 29.0237 + 0.0706 mg/100g, 0.1110 + 0.0019 mg/100g, and 0.6113 + 0.0026 mg/100g, respectively.

Conclulsion: The gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber contains iron, cadmium, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc as the minerals.
The Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Domestica Val) Against the Durability of Yellow Rice Storage
Authors: Maha Hetty Lendora , Sitompul Erly , Silalahi Jansen
Published: September 2019

Yellow cooked rice is a traditional food in some regions in Indonesia. Yellow cooked rice with the addition of turmeric and flavoring which can longer shelf life of savings because it has antibacterial activity and flavor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val) to extend shelf life of yellow cooked rice. The samples used were made of yellow cooked rice with handmade and without any seasoning flavored with turmeric extract concentration of 1.8% and 2.4%. Organoleptic testing were conducted every 3 hours, test of microbial growth daily and inhibition of turmeric extract with a concentration of 1.8% and 2.4% of fungi isolated from yellow cooked rice with a total plate count method. Research showed that turmeric extract concentration and the addition of  herbs affect the longer shelf life of yellow cooked rice store. High more and more  concentration of the turmeric extract can made longer the shelf life of yellow cooked rice either through organoleptic and also total plate count. Yellow cooked rice without seasoning with turmeric extract concentration of 1.8% and 2.4% were 30 and 33 hours respectively, while the yellow cooked rice was flavored with the same concentration of turmeric extract  were 36 and 39 hours respectively.
IMPLICATION OF FARMING CULTURE CHANGES ON FARMHOUSES IN NGADAS VILLAGE
Authors: Santoso Dian Kartika
Published: September 2019

People in Ngadas Village have enough time to live in their fields. Therefore, the community build farmhouses to help farming activities. However, as an agricultural landscape, cultivation in Ngadas Village has various dynamics. Changes that occur in the agricultural landscape can be traced through agricultural features formed by the type of agricultural land use. In addition, it can be traced through cultural features that are the result of interactions between human activities and the environment such as farms. Therefore, this study aims to find out the implications of agricultural features on cultural features, especially space in house-fields. The in-depth interview and observation methods were conducted to identify, then the data obtained were analyzed by synchronous and diachronic methods. So, the changes that occur can be determined descriptively. The results of the study show that the culture of shifting cultivation that has become permanent causes the fields to develop along with the changes in the plants planted, the addition of activities and intensity of plant care. More fixed location of the farm more developed and permanent houses has been built.  More activities carried out in the fields and the higher the intensity of plant care, the wider and more space needed for the fields.
The Design Museum of Mount Sinabung with Neo-Vernacular Architecture Approach
Authors: Zahrah Wahyuni , Syahputra Astono Ade
Published: September 2019

Mount Sinabung is a volcano on the plateau of Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mount Sinabung suddenly erupted in 2010. The last eruption of the volcano occurred since February 19, 2018, and until now become an attraction to find out more about volcanic disasters. Museum Mount Sinabung is present to provide the means for education, dissemination of information in the aspect of the volcano and geological disaster with recreative and educative of nature. The problem raised was "How to design a volcano museum using the neo-vernacular architectural approach?". By applying one flow that develops in this post-modern era to revive memories of a semi-historical culture, representational, plural and eclectic cultural Agenda on to evoke the Design of Museum Mount SinabungIn the application of the neo-vernacular architectural approach to the building of the Museum, the principle of building the Siwaluh Jabu is restored, physically and non-physically.By using the qualitative method of designing the Museum, it was designed because it was rational and planned systematically with the selected location. So, the Museum is conceptualized with a flexible gallery that can be used as a shelter for refugees. Thus, it is expected that the Museum can be a recreational-educational facility and as a means of supporting disaster mitigation.
Hotel Resort Tongging with Approachment of Neo Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Rahman N. V , Kaban D.I.
Published: September 2019

This journal is about the design process of Resort Hotels located in Tongging by adopting a Neo Vernacular design approach into the building. The problem in this design process is how to apply the Neo-Vernacular architecture approach to this Resort Hotel building. How to create comfortable outdoor and indoor space for visitors to the tourist area?. How to choose the right material according to the current temperature and conditions, so that it can support the character of the building. The purpose of this design is to apply the Neo-Vernacular Architecture approach to the Tongging Resort Hotel building by looking at the locality context, and designing the out and inside spaces that are comfortable for visitors by uniting indirectly between both areas. Choose the right material according to the temperature and existing conditions, to support the building's character. The methodology carried out in this design was location survey (physical data collection), comparative study, literature study, data processing, conceptualization, schematic and arrived at the final design. The discovery in this design is to design a building that is in an area that has strong locality must do research and analysis to get the concept that is suitable and can be received by the surrounding community and visitors. The author also found that the selection of building materials should source from the site location. For general people, this design is useful as a reference to help similar design buildings.
Museum of Nias Earthquake (Vernacular Architecture)
Authors: A. Halawa Oscar , Siahaan Nelson
Published: September 2019

Museum of Nias Earthquake is about a place to reintroduce local wisdom from Nias Island that related to their history and traditional building technology in response to earthquake disasters, with the aim of education and tourism. Nowadays, modern civilization marginalized a local culture. Vernacular themes are a solution in presenting the results of local-themed design. It will become an example of how to apply the local wisdom in contemporary building design, with the aim of reintroducing local sense. To achieve a vernacular theme, it started by using local materials, abstraction of local traditional houses, application of symbols and meanings from traditional building cosmology, and using observation and literature methodology. The result of this design is to meet the community needs for tourism objects that have a locality feel in Gunungsitoli City, Nias.
The Partial Least Square (PLS) Analysis: The Relationship of Production Management and Business Analysis of Goat Farm in Deli Tua Village, Namorambe District, North Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Ritonga Mudhita Zikkrullah , Ginting Risdawati Br
Published: September 2019

Goat farm business provides income and income for the community. The main factor in determining goat farm business development is feed availability. This study aims to identify the relationship between production management and business analysis of goat farm in Deli Tua Village, Namorambe District, North Sumatera, Indonesia. This study used survey method, with questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion as data collection techniques. Sample village and respondents were determined by purposive sampling from 25 respondents who own 25-50 goats. The data were analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results show that there is a relationship between production analysis and business analysis. Keeping management is production management indicators that have impacts on business analysis.
Economic Analysis of Household Processing Sugar Nagari Bukik Batabuah Agam District
Authors: Dermawan Alvindo , Nofialdi Nofialdi , Yusmarni Yusmarni
Published: September 2019

This study aims to describe household economic processing brown sugar and identify the factors that affect decision sugar confection red and household consumption processing brown sugar in nagari bukik batabuah kecamatan canduang kabupaten agam. Methods used are the method survey. Populations are all households processing brown sugar traditionally in nagari bukik batabuah kecamatan canduang kabupaten agam with 528 unit households. A method of the respondents is by means simple random sampling as many as 30 households respondents. Analysis the data used was deskripsitif qualitative. The result of this research is that torrent of working hours in in the processing brown sugar greater than activities outside processing brown sugar so income derived from the sale of red is also greater of income outside activities processing brown sugar of rp.2.581.667 or 82 % household income comes from income brown sugar, their household needs processing brown sugar could not be fulfilled some of their income spent for consumption needs food without capable of savings and invest. Factors  that affects decision sugar confection red in nagari bukik batabuah is the number of raw materials, sugar price red and needs of the households, while that affects household consumption processing brown sugar namely household income, the number of family members, and the number of families to that are still at school. Advice provided researchers that is as well
Analysis of The Integrated Farming Income in The SMD (Sarjana Membangun Desa) Program In Padang City (Case Study: Tani Ternak Sepakat Group)
Authors: Nasution Amelira Haris , Nofialdi Nofialdi , Asful Ferdhinal
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze the farming income of farmers who develop integrated farming system after and before getting the SMD Program in Padang City by involving Tani Ternak Sepakat Group as case study. This research was  designed as a  case study conducted from June 2012 to July 2012 in Kurao Pagang, Padang City, West Sumatera. In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative design.

The results of this study  showed that the integrated farming system through the SMD Program in Tani Ternak Sepakat Groups has implemented the integration between paddy farming and breeding funded by SMD Program. For breeding activity, The Tani Ternak Sepakat group raises both goats and cows. At the same time, the farmer group also cultivates paddy only for integrating between paddy farming and cattle. The integration is done through the use of cattle’s compost as paddy farming fertilizer and the use of paddy’s farming residues for feeding the cattle. However, these practices reduce farmers’ income by 95.12% for the first years of the program. Based on the study, it is suggested that farmers implement waste treatment technology that utilize available resources and to increase their income.

Key Word: SMD Program, Integrated Farming System, Farmers Income
A Sediment Rating-curve Method to Determine Sediment Discharge for Rainy Season in Micro-scale Watersheds
Authors: Sitorus Atikah , Susanto Edi
Published: September 2019

This research was carried out to overcome the problem of the lack of sediment data available in several watersheds in North Sumatra, the lack of available sediment data is caused by the requirement of a large amount of time, cost and risk to obtain such data. Purpose of this study was to obtain the equation of sediment rating curve. The sediment rating curve is an equation that connects the river discharge with sediment discharge, so that to obtain the sediment discharge, it is enough to use the river discharge data. This research used the descriptive method using the primary (sediment discharge and concentration data) and secondary data (climate data). Result of the study obtained the equation of the sediment rating curve of Qs = 14.115 Q2.2736 and the value of R2 of 0.711. The sediment discharge obtained has exceeded the limit set by the Ministry of Forestry regarding the criteria for determination of watersheds.
Application of Color Sensor in the Determination of Tomato Fruit Ripeness (Solanum Lycopersicum, L) in Gravitation Type Fruit Sorting Tool (Gravitation Type)
Authors: Putra Fadliansyah , Rizaldi Taufik
Published: September 2019

Sortation is an important step in handling post-harvest fruits to extend the shelf life and increase the selling value. A tool that is able to sort quickly is needed to speed up the sortation process. Therefore, design of fruit sortationtool using gravitation type and technology to determine fruit ripeness is needed. This study aimed to design and fabricate fruit sorting tool based on the fruit size that could help farmers in sorting fruit. The performance testing was conducted using tomatoes. The results of the design shows that this tool could accommodate 12 kg (equal to 60 tomatoes) of fruit. Tool performance testing shows that this tool could work effectively on a slope of 12˚ withan effective capacity of 133.1 kg/hour (80%). Damage analysis showed that the ripe fruit was more susceptible to damage than the half-ripe fruit due to the fact that half-ripe fruit was still hard, so that the percentage of the damage analysis in ripe fruit was 23.3% and half-ripewas 10%.
Editorial of the First Edition Journal of Sylva Indonesiana
Authors: Slamet Bejo , Nuryawan Arif
Published: September 2019

This editorial is an opening remark of the first edition Journal of Sylva Indonesiana (JSI) containing the growth and development of the journal managed by Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara (“Fahutan USU”). In the first stage, “Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Kultura” published by Faculty of Agriculture USU has been targeted by faculty member of “Fahutan USU” for dissemination of their research results. This journal has been accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education in 2003 consequently its scope become specific, forestry science did not include therein. Hence, at that time, Program Study of Forestry Science under management of Faculty of Agriculture USU initiated the issuing of Peronema Forestry Science Journal in 2005 in order to accommodate scope of forestry science. Unfortunately the service and production of this journal become stagnant because most of the editorial staff pursued higher education in outside Medan city and the funding for publishing and printing vanished. In 2012, with the new spirit, Program of Forestry Science re-issued the new journal called “Foresta” Indonesian Journal of Forestry. It was a pity, the production process of this journal discontinued regarding to no submission of the manuscripts. All of the research results of undergraduate students of Program Study of Forestry Science have been uploaded into Peronema Forestry Science Journal in online version since 2014. In connection with establishment of organization structure of Faculty of Forestry completely, the publishing of JSI has been started in 2018 even though the editorial works of this journal has been begin since 2017, comprise call of paper, blind-review process, correspondence with the authors, layout and editing, including upload in the journal website. Supply of the manuscripts is provided not only from undergraduate research results of Faculty of Forestry’s students but also from the outside. With the commitment of the funding from the Faculty of Forestry USU, hopefully JSI can reach the target as the national accredited journal and it can achieve the status to be a reputation journal in the field of forestry in the future.
Estimation Model of Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) Standing Stock in Peat Swamp Forest: Case Study in Sumatra and Kalimantan
Authors: Samsuri Samsuri , Jaya I Nengah Surati , Lastini Tien , Purnama Edwin Setia
Published: September 2019

Multiple sampling technique was applied to estimate ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) standing stock in peat swamp forest by combining imagery analysis (phase I) and field measurement (phase II). The objectives of this research were to obtain (1) estimation model of stand volume, (2) estimation model of G. bancanus standing stock, and (3) volume of standing stock of G. bancanus in Sumatera and Kalimantan peat swamp forests. The research was conducted in peat swamp forest of Sumatera and Kalimantan Island. ALOS AVNIR image interpretation was completed to obtain crown density and used as independent variable for developing stand volume model. Cluster sampling was used to obtain field data from circle sample plot of 0.1 ha and square sample plot of 0.25 ha. Spatial analysis was conducted to map and calculate standing stock of G. bancanus for Sumatera and Kalimantan Island. Estimation model of stand volume was V bf = 0.1851 C field1.05234 (R 2 =0.62) for Sumatera peat swamp forest and V bf = 3.1163 e 0.041 Cfield (R 2 = 0.62) for Kalimantan peat swamp forest, respectively. We estimated that standing stock of G. bancanus of peat swamp forest in Sumatra and Kalimantan was 5% and 2.3% of the total stand volume, respectively. Base on both the estimation models, standing stock of G. bancanus in Sumatera peat swamp forest was 15,351,063 m 3 and in Kalimantan peat swamp forest was 6,004,874 m 3 .
Institutional Analysis of “Gapoktan” In the Protected Forest Management Unit Area of North Kota Agung in Tanggamus Regency of Lampung Province
Authors: Aminah Lina Nur , Safe'i Rahmat , Febryano Indra Gumay
Published: September 2019

The Forest Management Unit (FMU) is the area unit of forest management which its area has been set up with clear boundaries, it has been the predominant covered by forests, it has been managed for long term including their was an explicit objective which declared in the forest management plan. FMU IX is a part of FMU area which is located in North Kota Agung. It has obtained processing area permit through CF program (CFM). CFM managed by Gapoktan (Association of Farmers Groups) who has obtained management area license. Good or bad of the CFM depends on the farmers who are incorporated in “Gapoktan” therefore research on the role of this institution is needed. This study aimed: 1) to analyze the institutional system in two Gapoktan, namely Beringin Jaya and Sinar Mulya in the boundary of CFM land in FMU IX areas of North Kota Agung, and 2) to evaluate the level of effectiveness of “Gapoktan” organization. Appeal data have been developed by the method of SSBP (situation-structure-behavior-performance). The results showed the different performance of both Gapoktan . Beringin Jaya has had good institutional situation, its organizational structure was running well, its member behavior was active in every activities, and performance was very good. Meanwhile in Sinar Mulya, its organizational structure was not going well, the activities were lack hence its performance was not satisfied. The result of the effectiveness level at Beringin Jaya was effective, on the other hand the effectiveness level at Sinar Mulya was quite effective.