bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatkan QoS Layanan Video Call dengan Metode DASTFBC Sistem MIMO2x2 pada Jaringan LTE
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The DASTFBC (Diagonal Algebraic Space Time Frequency Block Code) method is a coding scheme that utilizes different diversity sources, namely space, time and frequency. This method is one method that can be used to improve video call services. The DASTFBC method uses a rotation matrix in the DAST code which is formed using algebraic number field theory. The code matrix structure consists of rotated information symbols, expanded using a square diagonal code matrix. This method is used to overcome signal power fluctuations at the receiver which cause the service quality to decrease (not comply with) BER video call standards. The DASTFBC method is applied to the LTE network MIMO system with 64 QAM modulation. This method will be simulated in the Matlab program to obtain results to improve video call services. The DASTFBC method simulation of BER was carried out for 4 user speed scenarios, namely 5km/hour, 40km/hour, 100km/hour, 120km/hour. Significant results of the DASTFBC method can already be seen when the user moves at 40km/ hour. With this method, a smaller BER value is obtained, namely 2x10-4, this shows that with the DASTFBC method the video call BER standard (10-3) can be met. The value of BER obtained when using DASTFBC with a speed of 120km/h is 8.5x10-3 this value almost exceeds the standard BER video call. So that the maximum speed of the user when using the DASTFBC method is 120km/h above that speed the standard value of the BER video call cannot be fulfilled.

Keywords: video call, LTE network, MIMO, DASTFBC
Alterations of Thyroid Function and Nutritional Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Metabolic Syndrome Treated with Insulin Combined with Either Liraglutide or Dapagliflozin
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Yixin , Qiu Chunjian
Published: January 2024

The present study compared the effectiveness of insulin plus liraglutide or dapagliflozin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with metabolic syndrome and observed the nutritional status of patients before and after treatment. The results revealed no significant difference in the overall clinical efficacy and blood glucose levels between the liraglutide group treated with liraglutide and the dapagliflozin group treated with dapagliflozin (P > 0.05). In contrast, the adverse reactions in the liraglutide group were even lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the liraglutide group demonstrated better improvements in insulin metabolism and blood lipid levels than the dapagliflozin group after treatment. However, their ability to repair thyroid function and alleviate oxidative stress was comparatively weak (P < 0.05). Serum albumin, total protein, and transferrin levels were elevated in both groups after treatment, but the increase in the dapagliflozin group was higher than that in the liraglutide group (P < 0.05). The number of malnutrition cases was significantly reduced in both groups after treatment compared to before treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the combination of insulin with liraglutide or dapagliflozin is highly effective in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by metabolic syndrome and can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients.
Microencapsulated Lactobacillus Powder: An Approach to Produce Probiotics Resistant to Different Stress Conditions
Authors: Manco Juan Camilo Arroyave , Rendon Mauricio Agudelo , Zapata Mariana , Roiter Talith , Ruiz Jorge Nelson , Velasquez Johanna Marcela Uran
Published: January 2024

Microencapsulated probiotics may be an effective method of producing stable preparations that retain functional properties for nutraceutical applications. Morphology, thermal and mechanical stress resistance, storage, and release stability of bacteria in simulated gastrointestinal fluid were examined. The survival rates after different treatments were significantly higher when Lactobacillus spp. was microencapsulated, in comparison with freeze-dried cells. Notably, encapsulated samples exhibited optimal protection under gastrointestinal conditions, with survival rates of 25% at 100° C, 41% at 70% relative humidity for 20 days, and 32% after exposure to a mechanical force of 3 tons. Conversely, non-encapsulated samples failed to survive under gastrointestinal conditions following thermal, mechanical, and storage treatments. Consequently, the study highlights those key probiotic properties, such as thermal, humidity, mechanical stress, and pH tolerance, that were retained to a significant extent through microencapsulation.
Investigation of the low-temperature exposure effect on the water activity of food products
Authors: Ermolaev Vladimir A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The activity of water is an integral characteristic of the moisture condition in a product, by which one can assess the correctness of various technological processes, as well as predict the shelf life of the product. Existing studies on the activity of water in food products were conducted mostly for the positive temperature range. Little attention was paid to the study of the effects of low-temperature exposure on water activity.

Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of water activity in food products at various temperatures. Such an approach will allow predicting the shelf life of food products and optimizing the development of methods for controlling the functional and technological characteristics of food raw materials.

Materials and Methods: The objects of research were: beef chilled according to GOST R 52427-2005, chilled pork, chilled mutton, fresh cucumbers, fresh carrots, fresh tomatoes, fresh parsley greens, dill greens, green onion greens. Two installations were used to analyze the water activity in the research objects: designed at the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, and the LabSwift-aw water activity analyzer. Experiments were conducted for fresh, chilled, and frozen products at various temperatures.

Results: A design of a homemade installation that can be used to measure water activity is presented. The accuracy of this installation's measurements is experimentally proven. An analysis of water activity in fresh, chilled, and frozen products has been conducted. The water activity of fresh products was within the range of 0.954-0.995. It was found that with the same moisture content, the water activity can vary slightly, which is due to the difference in the chemical composition of the product and the salt content. It was established that chilling products from 22 to 6°C leads to a decrease in water activity by an average of 2%. Freezing to a temperature of -5°C results in a further reduction of water activity by an average of 0.03 units. Lowering the freezing temperature from -5°C to -10°C, -20°C, -30°C, and -40°C results in a reduction of water activity by an average of 0.04, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05 units, respectively. Based on experimental data, mathematical dependencies of water activity on the freezing temperature for all studied products were derived.

Conclusion: Water activity has important theoretical and practical significance, and the results of the research can be useful in predicting the shelf life of food products and developing methods to control the functional and technological characteristics of food raw materials.
Mityba sveikatai ir ilgaamžiškumui
Authors: Čapkauskienė Sandrija
Published: January 2024

Informacija apie vartojamų maistinių medžiagų rūšis, kiekį ir tarpusavio derinį, kuris optimizuoja sveiką ilgaamžiškumą, vis dar yra labai prieštaringa. Be to, atsiranda vis daugiau įrodymų, kad, norint pasiekti visapusišką teigiamą poveikį, žmonių mityba turi būti pritaikyta pagal amžių, lytį, genetiką ir metabolinės rizikos būklę. Remiantis naujausiais moksliniais tyrimais, galima daryti prielaidą, jog kasdienei ilgaamžiškumą didinančiai mitybai būdingas kokybiškų angliavandenių, nedidelis baltymų (daugiausia augalinės kilmės) ir sveikųjų riebalų kiekis, įtraukiant polifenolių turinčių produktų, aukštos kilmės alyvuogių aliejaus, avokado vartojimą, naudojant natūralius ir biologiš­ kai aktyvius prieskonius (kurkuminą). Ilgaamžiškumą didina ir sveikatos būklę gerina Viduržemio jūros regiono dieta, augalinė mityba ir pasninkavimas.
Covid-19: Information, Transference, Properties of Human Coronaviruses, and Enhancing Immunity by Dietary Recommendations
Authors: Hemdan Dalia I.
Published: January 2024

In Wuhan City, China was found a new type of viral infection could be a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV)which as an acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and formerly, severe acute respiratorysyndrome (SARS). All these emerging infectious diseases are caused great damage to general health.NewCoronavirus has diffused very quickly at the world and the World Health Organization has declared it apandemic. It usually affects people who are immunocompromised. Immunodeficiency often comes fromnutritional deficiency and this makes viruses stronger. Therefore, this review focused on the identification ofthe SARS-CoV-2 virus, its transmission and spread, and the history of Coronavirus. In addition, how to boostimmunity by learn about nutrition recommendations and healthy diets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring the Depth- Influence by Female Sex Hormones Seen in the Periodontium
Authors: Aishwarya Dham  , Deepa G Kamath
Published: January 2024

Growth is a gradual process and continuously brings about changes in human body and so do the hormones. There are two hormones produced by the gland in females which govern all the functions and regulate the entire process in all stages of life. Inspite of being just two in number i.e. estrogen and progesterone carry out numerous functions and these functions are of varying complexity. The changes brought about by female sex hormones also are of varying nature in different stages of life, be it early teenage or early fifties. Of these vast changes taking place in a female body in a life time several of them remain unnoticed.Because of rising awareness with changing trends in dentistry, we as Periodontists are trying to highlight phases of female reproductive cycle from puberty through menopause and some of the changes brought about by female sex hormones and their effect on the periodontium and management in different stages of life through our review article.
Need for Psychological Check-ups and Medical Treatment to the witnesses of Heinous Crimes
Authors: Archit Panwar  , Komal Vig
Published: January 2024

Witnesses are regarded as one of the most indispensable element in the criminal justice system. It is because of them that the trial finds some substance so as to arrive at a fair conclusion. The inputs provided by the witness may have direct bearing on the conviction or acquittal of an accused, hence it is desired that such witness be protected from the wrath of extraneous factors that have the capability to change his stance over a particular case. Extraneous factors in form of corruption or threats form a majority which results in turning of the witness hostile; hence it becomes rudimentary for the state to ensure protection of such witness so as not to alter the prescribed course of justice.
Comparison of the Traditional Chalkboard Lecture System with the Powerpoint Presentation: as a Teaching Technique for Medical Students
Authors: Deka Subha  , Das Anandita  , Ullah Kalim  , Doungel Nomi
Published: January 2024

Introduction:The emerging technologies made by day changing the techniques of teaching medical education. The teaching technique has changed since the last decade from the old traditional technique of chalk and talk (CNT) to a newer technique of Power-point presentation (PPT) to the video classrooms converting the whole traditional environment of the classrooms. This paper aims to access the perception of the medical students about these two instructional methods. Materials and methods: In this study cross-sectional descriptive survey was used. Medical students were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey about their views and perception of two lecture delivery methods, viz., PPT presentation, and using a chalkboard. For each of the two methods, the students were asked to rank twelve comments on a four-point scale: strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the results expressed as proportions. Results: In our study, more than 97% of our study respondents emphasized the value of chalk and talk and declared it a more effective and useful teaching tool in their learning experience than PowerPoint (86%) and recommended it for teaching. Conclusion: Both CNT, as well as PPT, are effective methods for medical education and both can be used in combination for the effective delivery of classroom sessions.
An Observational Study of Propofol Mct-Lct Versus Propofol Lct with Lidocaine Pretreatment for Pain During Induction in General Anaesthesia
Authors: Patel Jatin , D Chandini , Mehta Malini
Published: January 2024

Aims and Objectives: To compare efficacy between Propofol Medium Chain Triglycerides-Long ChainTriglycerides and Propofol Long Chain Triglycerides with lidocaine pretreatment under venous occlusionon propofol induced pain.Material and Methods: 50 patients of age 18 to 55 years of either gender of ASA I or II Grade were assignedto two groups of 25 each undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia.Patients in Group Mreceived Propofol MCT-LCT 1% (without any pretreatment with Lidocaine) and Group L received PropofolLCT 1% with Lidocaine pretreatment under venous occlusion. Following propofol injection, patients wereasked for any sensation of pain at injection site during propofol injection till patient was unconscious. It wasgraded as per 4 point verbal pain score, with 0 being No pain to 3 being severe pain.Anaesthesia was induced by a standard technique of intravenous induction. Endotracheal intubation wasdone after giving injection succinyl choline (2mg/kg) I V and was maintained on O2, N2O, Isofluraneand Atracurium. Monitoring of heartrate, blood pressure and SPO2 were done during the surgery . Aftersurgery, reversal of neuromuscular blockade was done and extubation was performed. After that patient wastransferred to recovery room.Result and Summary: Both the groups were comparable in term of demographics and ASA grading. It wasobserved that in the group L a significantly higher proportion (80%) of patients experienced pain while inthe Group M only 44% patients experienced pain during propofol administration. (P value-0.0044- highlysignificant). We observed that the pain intensity score seen in group L was 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 20%, 48%, 20%and 12% of the patients , while in the group M was 0 and 1 in 56% and 44% of the patients, respectively andnone of the patients had pain score of 2 and 3. A significantly higher proportion of patients in group M hadpain intensity score of 0 (P value<0.01)which was statistically highly significant. Pre and post-operativevitals were comparable in both the groups.Conclusion: The study concluded that Propofol MCT-LCT is better in view of less incidence and severityof pain on injection during induction of anaesthesia than Propofol LCT with lidocaine pretreatment undervenous occlusion.
Effect of Meditation in Prevention of Suicidal Deaths
Authors: K. Ravimuni  , K. Usha Rani
Published: January 2024

Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. The period between childhood and adulthood is viewed as Adolescence. It is the period, where physiological and psychological maturity takes place. By nature, adolescents are sensitive, emotional, and temperamental and pass through a major transformation from childhood to adulthood involving a great physical, mental and emotional evolutionary process. Most of the students are stressful during the times of exams. Stress occurs while preparing and clearing the exams as one struggles to achieve the expected grade and mastering the content in a defined time. Raja Yoga meditation eases physiological and psychological stress and restores mental harmony if practiced on a regular basis; it is a compliment for promoting and maintaining physical, mental, and spiritual health. Heartfulness meditation used in this investigation is a simplified form of Raja Yoga where a practitioner meditates on the heart.
An Observational Study to Compare Patient and Surgeon Satisfaction and Hemodynamic Changes Occurring in Spinal Anaesthesia Versus General Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Surgery
Authors: Jatin Patel  , Juhi Jain  , Kalpesh Patil  , Kirti Patel
Published: January 2024

Background:Renal stones are the most painful condition of the urological system requiring hospital admission. The treatment depends upon type, number and size of renal calculi. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can be conducted under regional anesthesia such as spinal anesthesia (SA) as well as in general anesthesia (GA).Methodology: In this study, we selected 50 patients of ASA-I &II of either sex, 18 to 60 years undergoing PCNL surgeries.GROUP S (n=25)- PCNL under spinal anaesthesiaGROUP G (n=25)- PCNL under general anaesthesiaResult: Mean pulse rate, Mean arterial pressure and Mean oxygen saturation were significantly lower in SA group during intraoperative period as compared to GA whereas the difference in both groups were insignificant postoperatively with p<0.01 and p>0.05 respectively.Mean VAS score for patient’s satisfaction were significantly lower in SA group as compared to GA group with p<0.01.Likert’s scale for surgeon’s satisfaction were significantly higher in GA group as compared to SA group with p<0.01Conclusion: My study concluded that VAS score (patient’s satisfaction) is better in spinal anesthesia whereas hemodynamic stability and Likert’s scale (surgeon’s satisfaction) is better in general anesthesia.
Pattern of Suicidal Deaths in Females- A Cross Sectional Study in the Age Group of 12-24 Years
Authors: Kandagatla Krishnamurthy  , S.M. Krishna Sagar  , Abhijith Subedhar
Published: January 2024

Background: Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young males and the third for young females, globally. Suicide affecting the youth is a big loss to the community. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify pattern of suicidal deaths in females belonging to 12-24 years age group.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, which included all the deaths that occurred due to suicide in females aged 12-24 years from January 2017 to November 2018. Results: Most victims belonged to the age group of 19-24 years (49%) and were from rural area (60%). Majority attempted suicide during day time (72%) and inside their own homes (89%). In 91% of the cases, there was no history of previous attempt and in 92%, no suicide note was found. 55% of deaths occurred on the spot. Most common method of suicide was hanging (53%).Conclusion: Suicide is a growing public health concern amongst the young. Peer support groups for adolescents and young adults, who have exhibited suicidal behaviours, must be established to help prevent repeated attempts.
An Observational Study between Intrathecal Fentanyl and Butorphanol with Low Dose Bupivacaine to Facilitate Early Ambulation in Perineal Surgeries
Authors: Malini Mehta  , Soumya Jha  , Pooja Shah
Published: January 2024

Background: Neuraxial opioids are widely used with local anaesthetics as they allow lower dose of local anaesthetics while providing adequate anaesthesia and faster recovery from spinal anaesthesia because of their sympathetic and motor nerve sparing activities. In the last few years the number of surgeries performed on an ambulatory basis has increased worldwide because of many advantages like short hospital stay, less chance of wound infection and less chances of deep vein thrombosis.Methods: 64 patients of ASA- I or II of either gender who underwent perineal surgeries were divided into two groups of 32 each:- Group BF patients received 1ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 20µg fentanyl(0.4ml) and Group BB patients received 1ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 200µg butorphanol(0.2ml) and normal saline(0.2ml).Patients were observed for onset of sensory and motor blockade, duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia and time to unassisted ambulation. There was no difference in onset of sensory and motor blockade between the two groups(P> 0.005).Patients receiving butorphanol had statistically significantly longer duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia than fentanyl(p-0.001).Patients receiving fentanyl were observed to ambulate unassisted significantly early compared to butorphanol (p-0.001).Conclusion: Patients receiving intrathecal fentanyl 20µg can ambulate earlier compared to patients receiving butorphanol 200µg when used as an adjuvant with low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% without any complication.
A Study of Blood Alcohol Level in Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Manipur, India
Authors: Chhetri Tej Bahadur , Ghaffar U B , Ahmed Syed Meraj
Published: January 2024

Background: Alcohol is well-established risk factors for road traffic deaths around the world. Method:This is a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption among the victims of fatalroad traffic accidents in Imphal, Manipur. A detailed post-mortem examination was carried out among160 victims and blood alcohol concentration was assessed by Cavett test and then quantified by gas liquidchromatography. Result: A total of 40 (25%) cases were found to be positive for alcohol in the blood. Mostof the cases 11(27.5%) occurred in age group of 21-30 years and 41- 50 years, respectively. Maximumnumber of cases 13(32.5%) showed blood alcohol concentration of 90-120 mg% while 7(17.5%) casesshowed readings above 180 mg%. Conclusion: This study found that driving under the influence of alcohol,exponentially increases the risk of having an accident which could be fatal in its outcome.
Estimation of Stature from Foot Print Length among Students and Staff of S. Nijalingappa Medical College of Age Group 21-30 Years
Authors: Raj Vinay Manjunath , H Kelvekar V , R Manjula
Published: January 2024

Identity means the determination of the individuality of a person. Identification of a person is one of the mostimportant issues for a forensic expert in solving many medico-legal cases. The present studies was undertaken to estimate the stature from foot print length and to evolve regression equation for the same in both thegender. 100 healthy subjects (50 males and 50 females) of age group 21-30 years, who are resident of northKarnataka, were included in the study. The foot print lengths of both the feet of the participants were taken.The readings were subjected to statistical evaluation and regression formulae were established for statureestimation from foot print lengths in males and females.
Importance of Forensic Science in Crime Investigation
Authors: Singh Yogender , Ranga Pratima Devi
Published: January 2024

Forensic science has been used for justice delivery system since ages. However it started gaining groundin early fifties as an independent discipline and since then it has derived applications from every field ofscience and technology. Today it is well settled and much sought after and ever growing technology forensicsand forensic investigations are fast changing their face as every other day new types of crimes are beingcommitted. To cope up with the demanding nature of this profession, forensic services need up-gradation atevery stage. This paper focuses on the applicability of Forensic science in criminal investigation and the roleit plays in keeping law and order in a society, also throws light on how forensic science is acting as a bridgebetween the medical scientists and legal scientists.
Epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia and Blastocystis hominis in Basra Province \Iraq
Authors: Haydar Abdul- Jaleel Rhadi [ H A Rhadi]
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the intestinal parasites in (auditors) reviewers in Basra province. The present study recorded (188) persons infected with Entamoeba histolytica infection ( 21.19%) , Giardia lamblia (61) cases (6.8%), The highest infection with Entamoebahistolyticain May (27) cases ,Giardia lamblia in December (10) cases ,The lowest infection with Entamoeba histolytica in February.( 7) cases, Giardia lamblia (2) cases in August .the number infected with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica ( 100) male and 88 , 30male and 31 female infected with Giardia lamblia ;17 and 19 of male and female. The highest infection with Entamoeba histolytica in male (14) cases in May ,6 male infected with GiardiaThe lowest infection with Entamoeba histolyticain male (3) cases in February, The highest infection with Entamoeba histolytica in female (13) cases in May , 4 cases infected with Giardia lamblia in both September, November and December The highest infection with Entamoeba histolytica (52) cases at age ( 21-30) years, with Giardia lamblia ( 14) cases at age ( 11- 20) years, with Blastocystis hominis (7) cases at both age ( 1-5) years and (21-30) years. The lowest infection with Entamoeba histolytica (12) cases at age ( 1-5) years , Giardia lamblia ( 5 ) cases at age ( 1-5) years , Blastocystis hominis (5 ) cases at both age (6- 10) years and (41- 60 over) years.The study was conducted in Basra region between2nd January and31st December2019 .
Aflatoxin B1 as a Threshold Concept of Uncertain Etiology of Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Sada Abdullah Kareem  , Rana M Hameed  , Sami Abd AL-Redha  , Hassanein Al-Khatt
Published: January 2024

A case control study was conducted in karbala province to investigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure among the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and healthy control. AFB1 level were measured qualitatively by Thin layer chromatography and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography.The assessment of positive AFB1 samples were evaluated along with biomarkers of renal functions tests.The results showed that the investigated population were exposed to Aflatoxins. AFB1 was detected in 100% of uncertain CKD patients and 24%, 20% in certain CKD patients and healthy control respectively. The concentration ranges in serum samples were 0.68 –8.33 ng/mL for uncertain CKD patients, 1.21-5.60 ng/mL for certain CKD patients and 0.11- 1.30 ng/mL for healthy control. The un-certain etiology of CKD patients had a significant associations of decreasing GFR and increasing the levels of urea, creatinine with positive serum AFB1. This association was also highly interest with regard to potential interactions with Urea levels in the control group. The measurement of the AFB1 in serum samples of CKD patients and healthy control were indicated a long term exposure to the toxin which result in uncertain etiology of CKD. The effect of AFB1 exposure was confirmed through the assessment of the biochemical marker of renal tests. This study can be a good establish of a national AFs exposure monitoring programs. Also the study highlighted the needing to identify the pathogenesis of contribution AFB1 in the increasing number of uncertain CKD patients. Future study is encouraged to focus on broader areas which cover the whole of country.
Bacteriological Findings in Active Otitis Media with Perforated Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Muwafaq Ahmed Salih
Published: January 2024

Background: Discharge from the ear is one of the commonest symptoms of infections of the ear. It can arise in both adults and children from a number of sources, (External canal, Middle Ear, and Mastoid cavity). And may have a variety of aetiologies, but the most common causes were acute, and chronic otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane. Aim of Study: To evaluate the most common types of bacteria that found in a discharging ear, and to appreciate the most appropriate antibacterial drugs acting on these bacteria. Patient and Methods The present prospective study includes 200 patients presented with ear discharge to the department of otolaryngology in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital from July 2008 to July 2009 including age group ranging from 6m->40years from both sexes.Identification of bacteria was done by colonial appearance, gram stain and biochemical tests. Results :Of 200 patients with ear discharge the maximum age involved is >40 years, male to female ratio 1.01:1, most of the cases were chronic otitis media 154 (77%), and the commonest type of discharge were mucopurulent (31%) in which the most common type of pathogen was staph.epidermidis(18%). followed by klebsiella sp. (15%), and Pseudomonas.aeroginosa (11%). Acute otitis media constitute about 27% of cases in which the most common type of discharge was serous, and the bacteria was staph.aureus as a most common pathogen (31%), most of gram +ve bacteria are strongly sensitive to amikacin and gentamycin, all types of the cultured microorganisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: chronic otitis media is the most common cause of ear discharge (mucopurulent) in which the most common type of microorganism is staph.epidrmidis. and (purulent) type of discharge is pseudomonas.aerogenosa. while in acute otitis media the most common type of discharge is (serous) in which staph aureus is the most common type.
Effectiveness of An Educational Program on Mother’s Knowledge toward their Children with Sickle Cell Anemia about Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Pain Management in Basra Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases
Authors: Aula Ibrahim Abd-Alrazzaq  , Afifa Radha Aziz
Published: January 2024

Background: Sickle cell anemia is a chronic disease and a blood disorder that induces cellular modification to the sickle-shaped form of defective hemoglobin in red blood cells. It is the most common genetic blood disease in the world. For people with sickle cell disease, it is important to explore non pharmacological treatments and use them as alternatives to drug treatments to relieve and treat acute and chronic pain. Methodology: A descriptive (quasi experimental) design. This study used a pretest, posttest I and posttest II with a design that is used is the one group. A non- probability sample of (30) mother was chose. Result: The findings of the study indicated that there was high significant difference among mother’s knowledge pretest and posttest I and posttest II at p-value =0.001. That indicates the effectiveness of educational program.Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no significant relationship between (age of mother, marital status, and Number of Pain Crises per Month) with mother’s knowledge also significance relationship between (level of education,) with mother’s knowledge. Recommendation: Frequent lectures and such educational program about non pharmacological to pain management should be implemented in Basra center for hereditary blood disease. Provide an educational booklet for mother includes information about sickle cell anemia and non-pharmacological to pain management. Real need for coordination with the media in order to increase mothers’ knowledge about non pharmacological to pain management.
Case Report on Bilateral Retinoblastoma in Older Children
Authors: Chetan Saoji  , Sonal Muley  , Ekanksha Kanfade  , Sachin Daigavhane
Published: January 2024

Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular malignant tumour more commonly seen in children below five years of age. We presented a rare case of retinoblastoma in a 7 year old child who came to the ophthalmology OPD with complaints of loss of vision in both eye and deviation in right eye. Fundus examination showed multiple floating cotton ball opacities in vitreous cavity. B-scan was suggestive of Group E retinoblastoma in right eye and Group D retinoblastoma in left eye. To conclude, any unexplained visual loss in children of any age should be examined extensively by an ophthalmologist, as the risk of retinoblastoma cannot be ruled out.
Can the Root End Resective Surgery of Two Different Angles Affect the Apical Microleakage of the Retrofilling Material (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Mahmood Ahmed Abdulkareem , Al-jumaily Hassanien Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Endodontic surgery become essential to save teeth when the endodontic treatments are failed.It promote root canal debridement and insertion of retrograde filling to make sure tight sealing apically.Aim: Compare the influences of two different resection angles (0 and 30 degree bevel angle to the long axisof the tooth) on the apical micro leakage by utilizing dye penetration technique.Methods: 80 single rooted permanent teeth were amputated 3 mm from the apex at two different resectionangles. Retrograde cavities were prepared and filled with Well-ROOT PT® and MTA BIOREP®. Allspecimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The specimens were cut longitudinallyby microtome and photographed digitally using stereomicroscope. With the use of Kinovea program dyepenetration area was measured. Two WAY Analysis of Variance (Two Way ANOVA) were used to analyzethe result statistically at P<0.05.Results: No group exhibited complete sealing of root-end zones. The group of MTA BIOREP® demonstratedstatistical significant differences with 0 degree angle which showed less leakage.Conclusion: MTA BIOREP® retro filling material with 0 degree angle of resection were significantlysuperior regarding apical microleakage compared with Well-ROOT PT®.
Effects of Silver – Copper (Core-Shell) Nanoparticles as Antiparasitic Drug In Some Blood Parameters of Mice
Authors: Aljanabi Alaa Adnan , A. M. Al-mussawi  , Bashi Abbas Matrood
Published: January 2024

The current study included the synthesis and diagnosis of the silver-copper nanoparticles Ag-Cu NPs in theform of (core-shell) , with the commercial drug Albendazole Alb loaded on it Ag-Cu NPs /Alb . Then toknow its effect on some hematological parameters of the orally dosed mice at three concentrations (400, 800and 1200) mg/kg. The results showed a variation in the effect according to the concentrations used comparedwith the commercial drug treatment and the control treatment using only distilled water .
An Analysis of the Implementation of Diversion in Efforts to Settle Medical Disputes in Indonesia
Authors: Arista Candra Irawati  , Sarsintorini Putra  , Retno Mawarini Sukmariningsih  , Adhi Putra Satria
Published: January 2024

Based on the legal construction contained in Article 29 of Law Number 36 the Year 2009 concerning Health,it has ordered that health workers suspected of neglecting in carrying out their profession. There is a needfor a settlement preceded by the mediation stage or what is known as the settlement of disputes out of thecourt. The facts in the field show that the handling of medical disputes, especially for doctors who commitnegligence, has not been fully implemented according to the provisions of Article 29 of the Health Law,meaning that the handling is not carried out through the first mediation stage, as in the case experienced bydr. Ayu et al. They had to be brought to court accused of committing medical malpractice because they failedto save the patient during a cito-cesarean operation. Dr. Ayu et al. at that time did not fulfill their rights to getmediation. This is because there has been no further regulation governing the procedures, procedures, andrules for implementing mediation, especially health services. Due to this fact, it becomes an obstacle to theconsistency of mediation efforts as a necessity in solving medical disputes. Law No. 29 of 2004 concerningMedical Practice and Regulation of the Medical Council Number 32 of 2015 concerning procedures forhandling suspected disciplinary violations of Doctors and Dentists do not regulate mediation efforts, so theimplementation of mediation efforts in health services is not optimal.
Effectiveness of an Instructional Program on Teachers’ Knowledge about Epilepsy in Elementary Schools at Al-Rusafa Third Education Directorate in Baghdad City/Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Jasim Mohammed Aldraje  , Aqeel Habeeb Jasim
Published: January 2024

Background: Teachers knowledge about epilepsy is an important issue since teachers have lots of effectwhen children spend epileptic seizure at the school, and plays a vital role on providing an educationalsupport for epileptic child and to keep good communication between epileptic and normal child.Objectives of the Study: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an instructionalprogram on Elementary school teacher’s knowledge concerning epilepsy.Methodology: A quasi-experimental design used in the present study with the application a (preposttestapproach) for the study group and control group after implementation of instructional program.Data collection was done at two times: for both study and control group and (15) days after giving theinstructional program in the study group.Results: The results of the study shows that there is a highly significant differences related to teacher’sknowledge concerning epilepsy at Al-Rusafa Third Education Directorate in Baghdad City, There is asignificant association between teacher’s knowledge with their socio-demographic characteristics interm of educational level, marital status, and family monthly income.
The Effect of Red Sirih Leaf Drinking (Piper Crocatum) Towards Resin Violence Composites of Nanofiller in Laboratory of Makassar Working Center
Authors: Masriadi  , Andy Fairuz Z, Eva  , Sarahfin Aslan  , Chusnul Chotimah  , Nurasisa Lestari  , Isma Pebrianti
Published: January 2024

Background. To determine the effect of soaking red betel leaves against the hardness of nanofillercomposite resins. Materials and Methods. The research applied True Experimental Laboratory methodwith one group pretest posttest. The 18 samples of nanofiller composite resin were obtained throughpurposive sampling. The samples were light cured then soaked in red betel leaf solution for 28 minutes.Then, the hardness measurements were performed using VickerHardness Tester. Results. The results ofpaired sample t-test indicated the effect of soaking red betel leaf (p 0.002 <0.05) and sterile aquadest (p0.026 <0.05) on the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin. Conclusion. The effect of soakingred betel leaves on the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin was obtained.
The Effect of Keeler’s Strategy on Cognitive Achievement and Learning Offensive Skills in Volleyball
Authors: Alia Hussein Obaid  , Ahmed Hussein Jiyad  , Alaa Kazem Armout
Published: January 2024

Excellence in the sports field has become one of the essential metrics on which the progress of nationsand peoples is viewed. In order to draw up valid scientific policies represented in the use of modernstrategies and methods to prepare the appropriate educational and training curricula in order to reachthe learners to the highest levels, individual learning strategies must be used, which is self-learning asthey take into account the individual differences between the learners and reduce the time and effortrequired for this process. Keller’s strategy is for individual or personal learning. One of the strategiesthat achieve this goal.The researchers believe that learning with the Keeler strategy is a personal process, as learning cannotbe given or indoctrinated but must result from the educated person’s experience and ability to retrievehis memory to perform better than what he witnessed. The field of physical education and education.The researchers identified the research community with students of the second stage in the College ofPhysical Education and Sports Sciences - the University of Kufa for the academic year 2017-2018,numbering 30 students, divided into two groups, each group consisting of (12) students, one of whomwas chosen randomly to represent the experimental group to which the educational program willbe applied. Under consideration is what will be applied to the other, which is the control group, theprescribed curriculum, and according to the method used, and the seven female students were chosento represent the sample that will be conducted on the exploratory experiment.
The Effects of Water Provision and Education on Students’ Hydration Status, Cognitive Abilities, and Fine Motor Function in A Full-Day Primary School
Authors: Saidah Rauf  , Santi Aprilian Lestaluhu
Published: January 2024

Background/aim: Dehydration due to inadequate water intake in children may disrupt brain functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydration education with water provision on hydration status, cognitive functions and motor performance. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight children in primary full-day school (age 8 – 11 years) were recruited in this study. The intervention of hydration education was performed for two days, both for students and teachers. The water was provision for 12 days. Letter cancellation task (LCT), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and direct image different test (DIDT) were used to assess cognitive functions. Motor performance was evaluated using a finger tapping test (FTT). Hydration status was determined with urine specific gravity (USG) and urine color (UC). Before and after interventions, all parameters were evaluated.Results: Most students found dehydrated (>65%). The students had lower USG and UC after the intervention and it was correlated with each other (before; rs=0.45, P = 0.001 and after; rs=0.82, P = 0.001). All cognitive and motor functions were significantly higher after an intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hydration education to students and teachers combined with water provision at primary full-day school increases hydration status and enhances cognitive and fine motor skills.
Role of Calcium Supplementation on Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Outcomes
Authors: Ola Hussein Jasim  , Waleed Ibraheem Ali  , Alaa Moyasser Sadiq
Published: January 2024

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), is an important cause of both maternal and perinatalmorbidity and mortality. Low dietary calcium (Ca) intake represents a factor associated with an increasedincidence of hypertensive disease in general and in pregnant population in most low and middle income countries.Ca supplementation has the potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes of PIH.Aim: To assess the effects of low-dose Ca supplementation on PIH outcomes.Method: A single- blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in January through March, 2021. A totalnumber of 66 pregnant women with PIH at their 20th week of gestation attended maternal care outpatient inBaghdad Medical City were assigned randomly in two groups those received Ca supplementation 500 mg/day vsnone and follow up both groups till delivery for outcomes.Results: A significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure mean (93.28 mmHg vs. 88.62 mmHg, P= 0.015) andalmost significant reduction in systolic blood pressure mean (149.65 mmHg vs. 142.58 mmHg, P= 0.051) in theparticipants after receiving Ca supplements. Pre eclampcia (10.3% vs. 45.9%, P = 0.002), Low birth weight (6.9%vs. 40.5%, P = 0.002), Pre term delivery (10.3% vs. 43.2%, P=0.003), and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit(10.3% vs. 45.9%, P = 0.002) were significantly lower in the intervention group.Conclusion: Ca supplementation of 500 mg daily started at 20th week of gestation associated with reduction ofmaternal blood pressure, pre-eclampcia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and admission to neonatal intensivecare unit especially in a low dietary Ca intake mothers.
Employment-Related Depression and Analyses of Potential Treatment
Authors: Selim Marah
Published: January 2024

According to the National Institute of Mental Health Disorders, approximately 26% of Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder any given year. An association between mental illness and socioeconomic status has been found in several studies. This project has both scientific and ethical goals. The scientific goals review the various treatments available to socioeconomic- and employment- related depression disorder. This includes identifying and comparing the efficacy of each treatment and describing any limitations of the methods used and subsequent findings. Ethically, this research aims to shed light on the limitations in our mental healthcare system and political biases that hold us back from development in this area. To provide a tentative solution for the aforementioned challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of several depression treatments, that cater to the patients’ specific needs in terms of type of illness and social class, and explain the reality of treatment accessibility in today’s climate. Our results showed that, although only 50% of depression patients are properly treated, it is within our power to treat many more individuals suffering from this illness. However, finding the right treatment requires a lot of patience and persistence which are two traits that depression tends to debilitate. From a safety perspective, this study emphasizes the need to discuss any potential route of treatment with a mental healthcare provider that can assist in narrowing down the most suitable options.
State of Hate in Greater Buffalo
Authors: Zohar Raquel
Published: January 2024

In a time of increased hate, understanding hate in the immediate world that surrounds us has become essential to engaging with greater society. This report discusses hate and inter-community relations in the Buffalo-Niagara region of Western New York, one of the most segregated metros in the nation and the second most densely populated area in New York State. Data from the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, and Anti-Defamation League (ADL) indicate that hate and hate crimes, specifically antisemitic hate crimes, maintain a pervasive presence in Buffalo-Niagara. To address antisemitism, Buffalo-Niagara’s Jewish community has successfully come together with the help of community organizations. Their model of addressing hate can be applied more generally across the region. Interviews with 18 community members and leaders were conducted to gather insights into intra-community realities and inter-community relations of living in Buffalo-Niagara. These insights reflect lacking measures for anti-hate action within communities and, in many cases, non-existent relationships between communities. This report thus seeks to serve as a resource for community members to identify allies across Buffalo-Niagara that seek to develop inter-community relationships and address hate in all its forms. Knowledge of reporting mechanisms and organizations across Buffalo-Niagara will enable the region’s communities to find allyship among one another, promote mutual respect, facilitate cultural understanding, and unearth common ground that will undercut and contribute to driving out hate. Lists and maps of these organizations have been generated and included below using information collected through interviews as well as online listings. The report closes with final takeaways to keep in mind moving forward.
Considerations of Biological Plausibility in Deep Learning
Authors: Campbell James
Published: January 2024

In this literature review, we examine several deep learning algorithms in the context of biological plausibility and, in turn, argue that a backprop-like algorithm is the most likely candidate for how learning operates in the brain. Although there are numerous difficulties in how the backpropagation algorithm might be implemented in neural circuitry, we note that slight variations of the algorithm have been found to circumvent biological constraints and that seemingly unrelated algorithms can often be theoretically related to it. In particular, we examine the literature behind feedback alignment, target propagation, and equilibrium propagation, after giving some general background on learning in biology, AI, and their intersection. Ultimately, we acknowledge that there is no true consensus as to which learning algorithm the brain actually uses, but suspect that the answer is backprop-like in nature.