bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composite Flywheel Energy Storage Rotor Based on Progressive Damage Failure
Authors: Wang Yajun , Wang Zezheng , Lv Yaze , Liu Yibing
Published: December 2024

Composite materials consist of a matrix and fibers, and their failure modes differ significantly from those of isotropic materials. In undamaged composite materials, under increasing loads, matrix damage typically occurs first. At this stage, the damaged area experiences a stiffness reduction, redistributing stress until failure occurs elsewhere. As matrix damage progresses, debonding between fibers and the matrix begins, leading to delamination failure. With further load increase, the fibers eventually fracture. Finite element simulation with stiffness degradation methods can be employed to study composite material damage. This involves gradually degrading damaged elements, ultimately revealing the final failure mechanism of the composite material. Advances in finite element software now allow for precise engineering simulations, widely applied in the field. Consequently, this method can be used to simulate and analyze the failure of composite material flywheel rotors, identifying the factors contributing to their failure. This study uses progressive damage theory to simulate the failure process, establishing rational failure criteria for composite materials and utilizing a finite element stiffness degradation model. Greater interference fit results in higher compressive stress and initial stress, making the compressive stress and initial stress distribution of composite material flywheel rotors dependent on the interference fit. The study also analyzes the critical speeds of flywheels with single‐ring and multiring rotors under different interference fits, revealing the influence of interference fit on the maximum speed of the flywheel.
Table S8 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Ablation study of DeePathNet on drug response prediction
Table S5 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Benchmarking results for cancer type classification with cross-validation
Table S4 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Generalization errors for drug response prediction
Avaliação da colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus em universitários da área de saúde: análise da relação com índices antropométricos
Authors: Santos Gabrielle Damasceno Costa  dos , Carvalho Dívani Amor Cordeiro , Costa Julianne Christina da , Nascimento Klenda Mirelly Lima , Menezes Vivian Serra de , Zagmignan Adrielle , Silva Luís Cláudio Nascimento da
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen present in the normal microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people. Some studies reported thatobesity may be a factor that favors this bacterium’s colonization of the nasal site. Objective: The present study evaluated the frequency of nasal colonization by S. aureus in health students in São Luís (MA), analyzing the possible relationship with anthropometric factors (body mass index – BMI; waist-hip ratio – WHR). Methodology: Eighty-three students (51 female and 32 male) enrolled in courses in the health area were recruited to obtain demographic, behavioral, and anthropometric data (BMI, WHR). The samples obtained from the nasal cavities were inoculated in Mannitol Salt Agar medium with subsequent identification of the isolates. Finally, biofilm formation was analyzed. Results: In the population studied, the prevalence rates of obesity and overweight/ obesity were 26.51% and 55.42%, respectively. In addition, altered WHR was found in 37.35% of the students. Most of the evaluated samples (91.57%) were positive for Staphylococcus sp. (p<0.0001), with the prevalence of S. aureus (61.45%) statistically higher than that of negative catalase Staphylococcus (30.12%; p=0.0028). S. aureus isolates were predominantly classified as poor biofilm formers. No significant associations were observed between nasal colonization by S. aureus and obesity in the studied population. Conclusion: The data obtained in this work demonstrate a high frequency of healthy students with S. aureus in their nostrils. In addition, most students were classified as overweight/obesity. However, no significant relationships were found between the prevalence of S. aureus and the anthropometric indices evaluated. The high rates of nasal colonization by S. aureus in health students demonstrate the importance of control measures to prevent the dissemination of this microorganism.
Estresse durante o trabalho de parto espontâneo e induzido: estudo prospectivo preditivo
Authors: Pitilin Erica de Brito , Gasparin Vanessa Aparecida , Sbardelotto Taize , Conceição Vander Monteiro da , Castro Brenda Socovoski de , Soresina Letícia Jesus , Schirmer Janine
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: avaliar as variações do estresse fisiológico e psicológico durante o trabalho de parto, medido por concentrações de cortisol salivar e inventário de estresse, respectivamente, entre o parto espontâneo e induzido em cada medida de avaliação. Método: estudo prospectivo com 193 gestantes em trabalho de parto de risco habitual, a termo, em um hospital referência para parto normal no Sul do Brasil. O estresse foi avaliado durante a fase latente, ativa e duas horas após o nascimento. Os dados foram analisados segundo um modelo generalizado linear misto adotando α 0,05. Resultados: A concentração de cortisol salivar foi diferente entre os momentos de avaliação e o tipo de parto. Na análise intragrupo, a diferença foi na fase ativa (p< 0,000) com concentrações maiores no parto com indução (2,5 ±0,2 nmol/l). Por outro lado, a avaliação psicológica mostrou diferenças na fase latente (32,5 ± 1,0) e ativa (44,4 ± 1,0) entre os grupos. O tipo de parto, modo de entrega, escala visual da dor, duração do trabalho de parto, dilatação cervical e idade gestacional foram capazes de prever os desfechos. Conclusão: o estresse fisiológico e o estresse psicológico apresentam variações diferentes dependendo do tipo de parto, espontâneo e induzido, e do tempo de avaliação. Tais medidas podem ser usadas como referência para avaliar a progressão do nascimento.
Uso de modelo de maturidade para melhoria da qualidade de hospitais de média complexidade
Authors: Campos Suzana Caldeira Martins , Gomes Erasmo José , Grande Márcia Mazzeo
Published: December 2024

A Gestão da Qualidade hospitalar é aspecto relevante para a melhoria do atendimento à população visto que os hospitais são agentes importantes no sistema público e privado de saúde. Nesse sentido, o uso de modelos de maturidade tem se mostrado uma ferramenta importante para aferição do nível de qualidade praticado pelos hospitais, bem como prover insights para ações de melhoria nessas organizações. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo aplicar um modelo de maturidade em gestão da qualidade em dois hospitais públicos do Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, realizaram-se dois estudos de caso. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de questionário online enviado para o conjunto de colaboradores dos dois hospitais. A taxa de retorno foi de 5,7% e 7,1% para os hospitais H1 e H2, respectivamente. Os resultados apontaram que os hospitais estão em níveis distintos de maturidade, sendo que um deles está no nível de maturidade na qual as atividades de melhora da qualidade são informais ou ad hoc e ou outro no nível de qualidade na qual as atividades para melhoria são formais, Portanto, cada hospital demanda ações, para construção de uma cultura para melhoria da qualidade, distintas. Verificou também a aplicabilidade do modelo de maturidade utilizado à realidade brasileira sendo esta, uma abordagem promissora para aferição da qualidade em hospitais públicos e de proposição de ações estratégicas para a gestão e melhoria da qualidade dos serviços hospitalares no contexto brasileiro.
Avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino superior em saúde
Authors: Vieira Mariana de Sousa Nunes , Costa Nilce Maria da Silva Campos , Pereira Edna Regina Silva
Published: December 2024

Learning assessment is an important pedagogical component interconnected to teaching. Assessment supports the teacher in guiding the teaching-learning process. Based on its attributes, methods, and functions (formative, summative, and informative), assessment adds information about student performance and guides the decisions of educational institutions. This article presents basic concepts of learning assessment, integrating them historically within the context of education through pedagogical approaches, paradigms, and perspectives specifically within the health field in higher education. Reflecting on the historical changes in health higher education, it becomes evident that assessment needs to be recognized as a mechanism for regulating education while promoting and solidifying curricular restructuring.
Outcome Analysis of Parathyroid Gland Auto-transplantation in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Lopez Andrea A , Zhao Shilin , O’Brien Kaitlin July , Rohde Sarah , Belcher Ryan H.
Published: December 2024

Parathyroid gland (PG) auto-transplantation is performed to preserve the function of de-vascularized or unintentionally removed PGs, however, little has been published about the technique and outcomes in children. In our study, we aimed to present the results of PG auto-transplantation in children undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy at a tertiary single institution. A retrospective review identified 14 patients (<18 years of age) who underwent PG auto-transplantation from January 2000 to December 2022. 57.1% (8/14) had transient postoperative hypocalcemia and 14.3% (2/14) had permanent postoperative hypocalcemia. Eight patients had transient hypoparathyroidism, correlating with the rate of transient hypocalcemia. The most common reimplantation site was the sternocleidomastoid (11/14) and it was significantly associated with normalized calcium levels 6 months after auto-transplantation (p=0.033). Bilateral central neck dissection and surgical indication of cancer had a statistically significant association with transient hypocalcemia (p=0.03 and p=0.005, respectively). Our study provides valuable insights into the outcomes of PG auto-transplantation in pediatric patients, highlighting the potential for successful engraftment and factors associated with hypocalcemia.
“This is what the Bolsheviks do”: How Democratic Politicians Use Foreign Revolutions to Attract Voters
Authors: Buhmann-Holmes Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Revolution in one country can inspire protests in another country, demanding responses from elites seeking to maintain power. Scholars typically use a policy-centered approach to analyze these responses, focusing on how policy strategies of repression or co-optation are used to prevent revolution. But in democracies, political survival is also electoral success. This article therefore argues that studying the communicative signaling of political elites allows us to see another important response to foreign revolutions: how democratic politicians through speeches use foreign revolutions to attract revolution-wary voters. Building on recent legislative debate scholarship, the article develops a parliamentary speech signaling framework and demonstrates its usefulness by analyzing Danish elite responses to revolutions in the 1910s. This approach enables us to see how democratic politicians use foreign revolutions for electoral advantages, and it addresses a noted difficulty of previous research in clarifying whether co-optation or repression in democracies emerged as responses to revolutions.
Enteral Midodrine for Intravenous Vasopressor Weaning in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Chau Terence , Colosimo Christina , Delic Justin , Igneri Lauren A. , Solomon Diana , Wang Ju-Lin
Published: December 2024

Background: Enteral vasopressor therapies have been used to facilitate the weaning of intravenous (IV) vasopressors in critically ill patients. Studies have shown mixed results in the medically critically ill population; however, this practice is still common. The use of enteral vasopressors in the acute traumatic spinal cord injury is less well-described. Methods: This was a retrospective review of adult patients at a Level 1 trauma center. Adult patients were included if they were admitted to the trauma and surgical ICU for acute traumatic spinal cord injury; required hemodynamic support for more than 24 hours; and received concomitant administration of IV vasopressor(s) and midodrine. The primary endpoint was overall success in weaning of IV vasopressors and successful weaning at <24 and <48 hours after midodrine initiation. Secondary endpoints were bradycardic events and IV vasopressor-free days in patients with a defined mean arterial pressure (MAP) augmentation duration. Results: Out of 48 patients evaluated, 79.2% successfully weaned off IV vasopressors after the addition of midodrine, with 22.9% and 43.8% discontinuing IV vasopressors at <24 and <48 hours, respectively. Bradycardia occurred in 50% of patients, but only 8.3% required treatment. Among patients with a defined MAP goal duration, midodrine was associated with a median of 3 IV vasopressor-free days (interquartile range: 1-5). Conclusion: Enteral vasopressor therapy with midodrine can be used to facilitate weaning of IV vasopressor therapy in critically ill, acute traumatic spinal cord injury patients. Midodrine may also be beneficial in reducing IV vasopressor days in patients with MAP augmentation. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
The role of subgroup leaders in combatant socialization and resocialization: The British re-education program for German POWs (1946–1948)
Authors: Erkiletian Sam A
Published: December 2024

What explains the variation in combatant socialization and resocialization outcomes? Why do some combatants adopt the intended norms of their organization while others resist them? Combatants regularly undergo intensive socialization and ‘resocialization’ processes within total institutions – regimented environments like armed organizations and re-education programs that seek to alter their norms. Total institutions profoundly shape the behaviors and attitudes of combatants during and after conflict. However, even within these controlled environments, combats develop norms differently, and it is still not clear what factors drive this variation in combatant preference formation. This article presents and tests a framework that combatant socialization is in part driven by subgroups – the smaller social units within total institutions that form the informal structure and environment of combatants. Specifically, subgroup leaders moderate socialization processes by reinforcing or undermining the official norms of the organization. To test this expectation, I leverage archival data from the British re-education program for German POWs (1946–1948) which sought to ‘democratize’ them. To facilitate re-education, British officials installed pro-democratic POWs into subgroup leadership positions in select camps. Using a novel dataset constructed from hand-coded administrative reports, I measure the effect of subgroup leadership type on socialization outcomes. The results suggest that subgroup leaders moderate socialization outcomes.
Globalization, Automation, and the Welfare State: Evidence from the OECD and South Korea
Authors: Han Seobin , Kwon Hyeok Yong
Published: December 2024

How do subjective economic threats from globalization and technological changes shape social policy preferences? In this article, we argue that structural economic shifts increase subjective job insecurity. Consequently, individuals are more likely to seek immediate compensation for anticipated income and job losses, leading to a preference for short-term social consumption policies over social investment policies focused on long-term education and skill development. We find strong evidence of the effects of automation threats in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Risks that Matter 2020 survey. In addition, an original survey experiment conducted in South Korea shows that globalization threats have an even stronger impact than automation threats on support for social consumption policies. Our study demonstrates that rising economic insecurity, driven by structural changes, is increasing the demand for social consumption policies at the expense of social investment in an era of austerity. This suggests a potential reshuffling of pro-welfare coalitions.
The Editorial Decision-Making Process: Evaluating Aims & Scope Alignment
Authors: Herzog Patricia Snell
Published: December 2024

This editorial describes the decision-making process involved in the peer-reviewed interdisciplinary social science journal Review of Religious Research. Inspired by visuals of how a bill becomes a law, this decision-tree visualization walks readers through the process for how a manuscript becomes a published article. Article publication is a social process that involves many experts: the editor plus multiple reviewers and sometimes editorial board members. This step-by-step description leads toward three important takeaways. First is myth busting editorial gatekeeping by recognizing the importance of peer reviewers and editorial board members. Second is a rationale for reviewer recommendations to editors and explanation of what is acceptable to state directly to authors versus the role of confidential comments to the editor. Third is the crucial importance of the journal Aims & Scope in assessing fit with this journal. Clarifying how manuscript decisions get made can build author understanding, further socialize reviewers, and accentuate the weight of editorial board member input for quality reviewing.
Signless Laplacian energy aware decision making for electric car batteries based on intuitionistic fuzzy graphs
Authors: Mohamed Atheeque A , Sharief Basha S
Published: December 2024

Fuzzy graphs (FGs) contain dual-nature characteristics that may be extended to intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. These FGs are better at capturing ambiguity in situations in reality involving decision-making than FGs. In this paper, we address decision-making problems based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) by utilizing Signless Laplacian energy (SLE), intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (IFWA), and intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging geometric (IFWAG). The paper suggests an approach that makes use of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFG) and IFPR to optimize batteries for electric vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) performance, range, and efficiency are all dependent on battery technology. Research and technological developments may help remove adoption hurdles and increase public interest in EVs. Producers of batteries and automakers are investing in recycling and cost-cutting measures for manufacture. With the use of carbon nanotube electrodes, battery power may be increased tenfold beyond existing capabilities. In a procedure called group decision-making, experts evaluate and choose the best options based on present standards. This method provides crucial data for well-informed decision-making by capturing ambiguity and uncertainty in real-world decision-making. The strategy improves decision-making and maximizes profits, giving investors a useful foundation for choosing environmentally friendly electric vehicle batteries.
Routine preoperative blood group and save is unnecessary for adult emergency appendicectomies: A retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Robertson Iona , Sundarraj Jeeva Karuniya , Khan Khurram Shahzad
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Routine group and save (G&S) is commonly performed before appendicectomy despite limited evidence. This study aims to evaluate the necessity of preoperative G&S by determining perioperative blood transfusion rates.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective observational study of adult patients who had emergency appendicectomy across four hospitals between August 2018 and November 2020. Data analysed included demographics, operative details, G&S, crossmatching and perioperative blood transfusion.

Results

1105 patients were identified, 635 (57.4%) were male. Median age was 37 years (IQR 26–52). 1012 (91.6%) were ASA 1 or 2. Surgical approach: 890 (80.5%) laparoscopic, 79 (7.1%) converted to open, 119 (10.8%) open and 17 (1.5%) laparotomy. Severity of appendicitis: 804 (72.8%) inflamed, 56 (5.1%) gangrenous, 235 (21.3%) perforated and 10 (0.9%) normal. 921 (83.3%) patients had preoperative G&S. 42 (3.8%) patients also had crossmatch. No patients required blood transfusion in 30 days post appendicectomy. The cost of G&S is estimated to be £40,164 in this cohort.

Conclusions

The need for perioperative blood transfusion is rare in patients undergoing appendicectomy. It has a significant cost impact and can cause unnecessary delays. Our study suggests that a routine G&S policy is not necessary, and we suggest a more ‘selective’ G&S policy.
Conceptualizing Intersectional Harm in Mathematics Classrooms: An Analysis of High School Black Girls' Experiences
Authors: Joseph Nicole M. , Douglas Ashli-Ann , Harmon Mariah T.
Published: December 2024

This study reports high school Black girls' experiences in mathematics classrooms. Forty-eight Black girls participated in 12 focus groups. Findings showed that the girls experienced uncaring teachers, uninteresting curriculum, and unsupportive learning environments. We used a sociopolitical analytic approach to make sense of their narratives and theorized how these experiences could relate to discourses of intersectional harm. We argue that discourses of (1) silencing and dismissiveness and (2) erasure of intellect manifested in their mathematics classrooms and served as barriers to their positive mathematics identity development. We propose a vision for disrupting these discourses of intersectional harm.
Contextualizing Public Health Interventions in Eliminating Endemic Diseases: New Lessons From a Review of Sri Lanka’s Success in Eliminating Malaria
Authors: Wisden Benjamin H. , Hewadikaram Madhavi , Dissanayake Uthsara , Maxwell Curtis , Gunasekera Poorna , Danso Samuel , Katuwavila Nuwanthi P.
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a major global public health issue, demanding significant resources from governments, health organizations, and international organizations toward its elimination as an endemic disease. In 2016, Sri Lanka achieved the remarkable feat of being declared “malaria free” by the World Health Organisation (WHO), after over a century of indigenous disease. To identify significant lessons of global importance in eliminating endemic malaria by reviewing literature on Sri Lanka’s successful elimination campaign. The history of malaria in Sri Lanka highlights the nation’s journey from widespread malaria prevalence to achieving malaria-free status in 2016. Key interventions, such as the establishment of the Anti-Malaria Campaign in 1911, the introduction of Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) in 1946, and the launch of a malaria eradication program in 1958, played crucial roles in controlling the disease. However, challenges such as insecticide resistance, environmental changes, and civil war periodically caused resurgences. The 21st century saw intensified efforts in surveillance, vector control, and community engagement, culminating in the elimination of indigenous malaria cases in 2012. Despite this success, the risk of reintroduction from imported cases remains, necessitating ongoing vigilance and preventive measures. The case study of Sri Lanka is remarkable, and can provide valuable insight for stakeholders involved in eradicating malaria, with the caveat that this case is further evidence of the differential nature of malaria transmission worldwide.
Heart rate during moderate exercise and attention among adolescents: An experimental study
Authors: Janota Krzysztof , Janota Bertrand
Published: December 2024

Background

Existing studies on the effects of physical activity on cognitive function have predominantly focused on pre- or post-exercise effects, leaving a gap in understanding the immediate cognitive impacts during physical exertion. Understanding cognitive performance during activity could have significant implications for improving productivity and therapeutic strategies.

Methods

This study examined the relationship between heart rate and cognitive performance, specifically attention, using the D2 attention test among 32 adolescents aged 12-18 years. Participants underwent attention assessments at rest and while moving at target heart rates of 100 bpm, 120 bpm, and 140 bpm. The influence of body mass index (BMI) and sleep quality on attention has been analysed too.

Results

A significant positive correlation between heart rate and attention was observed (r = 0.39, P < .005), indicating enhanced cognitive performance with increased heart rate. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between BMI and attention (r = −0.37, P = .039) and a significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and attention (r = 0.66, P = .014).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that moderate physical activity can enhance attention, which could inform the design of educational, therapeutic, and occupational strategies. Future research should explore the generalizability of these effects across different cognitive domains, age groups, and settings.
The effect of a practice checklist on performance achievement, practice time, focal practice areas, and practice strategies of collegiate non-music majors enrolled in a beginning “Danso,” Korean traditional wind instrument class
Authors: Bae Su-Young , Kwon Sumi , Lee Jee-Ye
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of a practice checklist on performance achievement, practice time, focal practice areas—the key musical elements students focused on during practice—and practice strategies among non-music major South Korean college students learning the Danso, a traditional Korean wind instrument. Ninety-six students participated, with 46 in the experimental group using a practice checklist and 50 in the control group without the checklist. All participants attended a 50-min weekly class for 7 weeks. At the end of the 7-week period, both groups were surveyed to measure their average weekly practice time and focal practice areas. Performance achievement was assessed through a test focusing on key musical elements, and practice strategies were evaluated using a modified version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The results revealed that using a practice checklist significantly improved performance in specific areas such as rhythm, tempo, and breathing but did not increase overall practice time. The checklist also helped students maintain a balanced focus on key musical elements, preventing an overemphasis on sound production. However, the checklist did not significantly promote the use of metacognitive strategies, indicating a need for additional instructional support.
Does the University Have a Future?
Authors: Turner Bryan S.
Published: December 2024

Although this article examines the problems facing modern universities such as their loss of independence and shortage of funding, similar problems faced universities throughout the 20th century. The focus is on the post-war generation, the creation of new universities and the political and economic changes that were brought about by Thatcherism. In the growth period between 1945 and the 1970s, many working-class children gained social mobility through the expansion of the university sector. This period also attracted large numbers of exiles from Europe. The contemporary demographic challenge to universities in terms of the shrinkage of the population of eligible students is critical. Universities have responded by recruiting primarily Chinese and Indian students. This challenge joins other modern problems: bureaucracy, managerialism, rising costs, the loss of academic independence, stagnant wages, declining opportunities and the threat of AI. Can we imagine and build the post-university? Is the cafe as a meeting place a possible model of a global online intellectual hub?
Gillian Rose, Marxist Modernism
Authors: Gane Nicholas
Published: December 2024

This is a review of a lecture series by Gillian Rose on Frankfurt School critical theory, which was delivered at the University of Sussex in 1979 and is now published under the title Marxist Modernism, edited by James Gordon Finlayson and Robert Lucas Scott.
Prediction of the hot flow behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel during dynamic recrystallization using sine hyperbolic constitutive equation and artificial neural network
Authors: Vajd Akbar , Hosseinnejad Keyhan , Fardi Ilkhchy Ali , Shaban Ghazani Mehdi
Published: December 2024

The hot compression deformation behavior of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel were studied under the strain rate and temperature ranges of 0.001–1 s−1 and 950–1200°C. The single peak hot flow curves indicated the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in AISI 321 steel at applied deformation conditions. The microstructural observations showing the development of equaxed austenite grains further approved the results of flow curve analysis. The average size of austenite grains, when deformation is carried out at strain rate of 1 s−1, increases from 8 μm at 950°C to 61 μm at deformation temperature of 1200°C. After microstructure analysis, the flow behavior of AISI 321 steel was modeled using sine-hyperbolic constitutive equation and feed-forward back propagation artificial neural network. The mean absolute error related to the predicted flow stress values at different strains with the sine-hyperbolic constitutive equation is more than 2, and this value is less than unity for the neural network method. The obtained results efficiently indicate that the ANN model is more accurate in predicting the flow behavior of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel when the dynamic recrystallization is the prevailing softening mechanism.
Epidemiology of asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease diagnosed during screening endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Lema Girma Deshimo , Gebeyaw Enguday Demeke
Published: December 2024

Objective

Asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is frequently overlooked in patients with cirrhosis, who are at increased risk for gastrointestinal complications that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of asymptomatic PUD identified during screening endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study among patients with cirrhosis at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from patients’ medical charts. A logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of peptic ulcer.

Results

This study included 296 patients, revealing that 19.6% had PUD (95% confidence interval: 13.5–26.4). Significant associations were found between peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, and Child–Pugh class C cirrhosis.

Conclusion

We found that patients with liver cirrhosis are more likely to have asymptomatic peptic ulcers. Asymptomatic PUD was linked to H. pylori infection, greater alcohol consumption, and Child–Pugh class C liver disease, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and management strategies to reduce morbidity in patients with cirrhosis, such as eradication therapy for H. pylori and counseling on alcohol use.
Investigation on the deformation mechanism of alkali metal on inclusions in cord steel containing different aluminium content
Authors: Zhao Zimin , Wang Yanping , Hou Dong , He Jianxiong , Wang Deyong , Wang Huihua , Hu Shaoyan
Published: December 2024

The control and modification of non-metallic inclusions are crucial in enhancing the deformability and production efficiency of cord steel. This study investigated the effects of Na2+ and K2+ on the morphology, composition and deformability of inclusions in cord steel by adding Na2CO3 and K2CO3. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometer and FactSage were applied to analyse the melting point and morphology of inclusions in ingots and forged samples. The results showed that the deformability of inclusions was improved and the melting point of inclusions decreased by adding Na2CO3 and K2CO3. These inclusions were in the form of long strips after forging. Moreover, the deformability of inclusions in steel increased more obviously by adding Na2CO3 than that with K2CO3. This study also found that the deformability of inclusions in sample with higher aluminium content was worse than that in sample with lower aluminium content. The inclusions can be deformed effectively under the condition of adding alkali metals into steel containing low aluminium content.
Social Maltreatment and Symptomatology: Validating the Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale—Short Form in a Diverse Online Sample
Authors: Briere John , Runtz Marsha , Villenueve Elise , Godbout Natacha
Published: December 2024

There are few psychometrically valid measures of exposure to social maltreatment that simultaneously assess sexism, racism, and anti-LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other nonheteronormative) behavior, despite the commonness of these phenomena. The Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale (SDMS) meets this requirement but is, as a result, somewhat lengthy (36 items). This article introduces a short form of the SDMS containing only half the number of items but generally retaining the psychometric qualities of the original measure. The 18-item Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale—Short Form (SDMS-SF) consists of six SDMS stem items (e.g., I have been disrespected, People made cruel or demeaning jokes about me) each of which is rated according to how often it had happened “because of my sex,” “because of my race,” and “because of my sexual orientation or gender identity.” In the SDMS online sample ( N = 528), SDMS-SF Sexism, Racism, and Cisheterosexism subscales were validated by confirmatory factor analysis and were internally consistent (α = .91–.95) and highly correlated with the original SDMS subscales ( r = .94 in all cases). All SDMS-SF subscales correlated with self-reported anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress (mean r = .29), corresponding to a medium effect size. In all but one instance, related SDMS and SDMS-SF subscales did not differ significantly in the strength of their association with symptomatology. Together, these results suggest that the SDMS-SF is a reliable and valid measure of social discrimination, generally equivalent to the SDMS despite containing only half as many items.
Dreams of a Democratic Peace: The Carnival at 35
Authors: Kenney Padraic
Published: December 2024

The interpretive frames used to characterize the end of Communism in Eastern Europe have shifted over the decades. If early assessments questioned whether it was a revolution at all, later perspectives have situated it at the climax of a global wave of democratic change. This reassessment considers two faulty assumptions embedded in the author’s own work on 1989: first, that democracy and liberalism would be the dominant outcomes of revolution, and second, that 1989 revealed the growing, perhaps limitless power of transnational diffusion. The conclusion directs attention back to protest repertoire as the key characteristic of the revolutions.
Churches in an Ever-Changing Socio-Political Context
Authors: Ramet Sabrina P.
Published: December 2024

The crumbling of Communist rule in Eastern Europe between 1989 and 1991 did not restore the status quo ante where religion was concerned. Among the developments that marked a new era were the arrival of missionaries from American religious organizations, the shrinkage of belief in God and hell, the energizing of the Churches’ engagement with their sexual agendas (especially where the Catholic and Orthodox Churches were concerned), and the emboldening of some Churches’ embrace of nationalism. Alongside the return of religious instruction to the schools, the Churches (especially the Catholic Church in Poland) have exerted forceful pressure on governments to adopt policies that advance their moral agendas.
Breastfeeding Measurement - Considerations When Measuring Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Chetwynd Ellen , Demirci Jill , Yourkavitch Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Exclusive breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first 6 months of life, is a critical metric for evaluating maternal and infant feeding practices and health outcomes. Despite its importance, inconsistencies in defining and measuring breastfeeding exclusivity present challenges for research comparability and interpretation. Equally, research design, outcomes of interest, and study resources are necessary considerations when collecting and analyzing exclusive breastfeeding data, and may require the adaption of standardized questions and techniques to individual situations. This paper explores key considerations for researchers when operationalizing and measuring exclusive breastfeeding. We address the nuances of point prevalence and since-birth measures, highlighting their influence on study outcomes and data interpretation. Statistical approaches for analyzing exclusivity data, including logistic regression, survival analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods, are also discussed. By outlining best practices for precise definitions, tailored data collection, and transparent reporting, this paper aims to provide an overview for precise definition, effective data collection, and clear interpretation.
Teacher Mental Health and District Employee Support in Rural Communities: A Sequential Exploratory Mixed Methods Study
Authors: DeDiego Amanda C. , Hickman Barbara J. , Tracy Amanda D. , Hunt Tiffany L. , Rush Leslie S. , Bays Jennifer D. , Palmer Kristy M. , Perkins Mark A. , Lincoln Angela L.
Published: December 2024

Although existing research explores the need for mental health for students in P-12 schools, scholarship regarding mental health needs and support for teachers is lacking, particularly in rural contexts. This study used sequential exploratory mixed methods to explore mental health needs and support in school districts in a predominantly rural state. Analysis included qualitative survey data from P-12 teachers in school districts about how teaching impacts mental health, and a quantitative analysis of employee assistance programs in participant school districts. Findings demonstrated teachers struggling with mental health, and a lack of employee support available. Implications and exploration of district policy are discussed.
Enhancing puncture resistance in critical applications: A combined experimental and numerical approach
Authors: Dwivedi Gayatri , Mane Jotiram Vilas , Chavan Vivek Maruti , Yelve Nitesh P.
Published: December 2024

The qualification of materials for puncture resistance is essential for applications like pressure vessels and transport containers, particularly for the safe transport of radioactive materials. International regulations, set forth by organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission (AERB), mandate the design of transport packages capable of withstanding various accident scenarios, including puncture, fire, impact, and immersion, to ensure the safety and integrity of radioactive material transport. This paper establishes a correlation between puncture energy ( E) required to penetrate stainless steel and mild steel plates, both with and without lead backing, as a function of plate thickness ( t) and punch diameter ( d). The simulation of strain and damage caused by punch impact is carried out within the elastoplastic region of structural materials, with a focus on the kinetic strengthening of the material. Abaqus finite element software is employed for numerical simulations, with model parameters derived from experimental stress-strain flow curve data using a curve-fitting technique. Dynamic compression experiments were conducted at the Refueling Technology Division (RTD) in the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) across a range of strain rates from 600 [Formula: see text] to 1750 [Formula: see text] at room temperature, using a Split Hopkinson Pressure bar. Additionally, drop weight tower (DWT) experiments were performed at RTD in the BARC facility to calibrate numerical simulations. These experiments were carried out on both bare and leaded stainless steel (SS304L) and mild steel (SA516Gr70) plates.
Design and analysis of one-pad gas foil bearing with three-part gas film produced by adjusting the length of sliding beams
Authors: Wu Yang , Xu Haojie , Shao Congpeng , Gu Chenyun , Han Yixuan , Feng Weijun , An Qi
Published: December 2024

The one-pad sliding-beam gas foil bearing is studied in this paper. The size of the multiple sliding beams in the bearing is adjusted, which results in dividing the gas film pressure into three parts. The finite element mesh of the bottom foil is established based on rectangle and triangle elements, and the finite element model of sliding beams is established based on the plate element with five degrees of freedom. The separation and friction of the foils are considered, and the model of the foils is established based on minimum potential energy theorem and Newton–Raphson method. The mechanical model of the bearing is finally established by fluid-solid interaction. The calculation scheme is programmed by MATLAB, and the reliability of the model is verified by experiments. The numerical results show that with the increase of preload or the decrease of nominal clearance, the gas film pressure is divided into three parts gradually. Compared with the three-pad structure, the bearing in this paper has better bearing capacity. With nominal clearance being 30 µm, the maximum bearing capacity is obtained with a preload of 10 µm, and the maximum direct damping is obtained with a preload of 20 µm. A proper layout of sliding beams can improve the bearing capacity, but it could also weaken the dynamic performance. The variation of the initial bending stiffness distribution of sliding beams has little impact on the dynamic performance, but it can significantly affect the bearing capacity. When the stiffness of sliding beams of axial middle face is larger than that of the end face, the bearing capacity is obviously improved.
Women with disabilities and the loss of custody of their children: “Carers, but not mothers”
Authors: Rodríguez-Garrido Pía , Herrera Florencia , Yupanqui-Concha Andrea , Rojas Andrea , Hichins-Arismendi Melissa
Published: December 2024

Historically, the motherhood of women with disabilities has been questioned due to negative representations surrounding it. It is assumed that women with disabilities cannot be mothers and, when they are, their capacity to care for their children is called into doubt. According to international literature, women with disabilities are more susceptible to losing the custody of their children. However, in Chile, there is scant evidence about this.

Using the paradigm of situated feminist epistemologies, this paper analyzes the experiences of three Chilean mothers with disabilities who have faced judicial processes regarding their children's custody. Three dimensions emerged from the thematic analysis: (a) The role of carers under tension: “Carers, but not mothers!”; (b) The absence of support and reasonable accommodations: The institutional debt; and (c) The influence of ableism on custody processes. The findings reveal a series of adversities that women with disabilities must overcome to demonstrate their fitness as mothers. Institutional ableism hampers due process in cases about the custody of their children. As long as appropriate support is provided and the disabling view is transformed, mothers with disabilities can provide the care and parenting their children require.
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency with a Novel Pathogenic Variant in the Molybdenum Cofactor Synthesis 1 (MOCS1): A Case Report
Authors: MGTW Premadasa , AH Monica , E Emmett , P Rathnayake , PMS Fernando , S Jayasena , S Basnayaka , E Jasinge
Published: December 2024

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MOCOD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with a high mortality rate.

We report a genetically confirmed MOCOD case of a Sri Lankan infant girl born to a consanguineous family, who presented with refractory neonatal seizures, respiratory distress, and the appearance of global cerebral ischemia on the CT brain. Biochemical investigations revealed hypouricemia, hypouricosuria, and increased urinary xanthine. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous novel pathogenic variant in the MOCS1 gene, consistent with MOCOD.
Dirty Entrepreneurship: The Intersectionality of Entrepreneurs’ Dirty Recycling Businesses
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Parida Vinit , Wincent Joakim
Published: December 2024

Although much has been made about heroic entrepreneurs, there is recent interest in less glamorous forms of entrepreneurship. The least glamorous is dirty entrepreneurship. In this study, we used an inductive approach and a sample of entrepreneurs engaged in dirty plastic recycling businesses to develop an intersectionality model of entrepreneurs’ dirty recycling businesses. This inductive study offers new insights into how individuals’ intersectionality pushes them into dirty entrepreneurship, how they approach their businesses, and who they stigmatize. Interestingly, individuals’ dirty place and caste push them into dirty entrepreneurship that collectively cleans the environment despite not intending to do so.
Teaching Innovations in Management Education Research Journals: Reflecting on JME’s Journey
Authors: Mesny Anne , Dubé Line
Published: December 2024

In a world fraught with Grand Challenges, there is a renewed urgency in innovating in both what and how we teach. Teaching innovations (TI) are a vital aspect of our scholarly impact. In this paper, we explore how the maturation of the field and the calls for increased rigor have influenced TI articles. First, we examined the evolution of JME’s editorial policy regarding TI. We find that two major requirements for TI articles have been gradually emphasized: a stronger grounding in the literature, and more robust evidence of effectiveness. Second, we explored how current TI articles have responded to these requirements, by analyzing the TI articles published in JME from 2014 to 2023. While some attempts to meet these new requirements were observed, our findings indicate that the literature could be more fully leveraged and that the evidence of effectiveness presented remains weak. We argue that JME should explicitly affirm its identity as a research journal, which would require that TI articles adopt a research mindset. We outline the overall characteristics of this research mindset, along with specific requirements as they apply to TI articles. Implications for the community, TI articles, and JME are discussed.