bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Modelling Technique of Epidemic Outbreaks With Application to COVID-19 Dynamics in West Africa
Authors: Tovissodé Chénangnon Frédéric , Doumatè Jonas Têlé , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: March 2021

The widely used logistic model for epidemic case reporting data may be either restrictive or unrealistic in presence of containment measures when implemented after an epidemic outbreak. For flexibility in epidemic case reporting data modelling, we combined an exponential growth curve for the early epidemic phase with a exible growth curve to account for the potential change in growth pattern after implementation of containment measures. We also fitted logistic regression models to recoveries and deaths from the confirmed positive cases. In addition, the growth curves were integrated in a SIQKU (Susceptible, Infective, Quarantined, Known recovered, Unknown recovered) model framework to provide an overview on the modelled epidemic wave. We focused on the estimation of: (1) the delay between the appearance of the first infectious case in the population and the outbreak ("epidemic latency period"); (2) the duration of the exponential growth phase; (3) the basic and the time-varying reproduction numbers; and (4) the peaks (time and size) in confirmed positive cases, active cases and new infections. The application of this approach to COVID-19 data from West Africa allowed to discuss the eectiveness of some containment measures implemented across the region.
An Ontology-Based Method for Semi-Automatic Disassembly of LCD Monitors and Unexpected Product Types
Authors: Foo Gwendolyn , Kara Sami , Pagnucco Maurice ,   School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
Published: March 2021

Disassembly is a vital step in any treatment stream of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), preventing hazardous and toxic chemicals and materials from damaging the ecosystem. However, the large variations and uncertainties in WEEE is a major limitation to the implementation of automation and robotics in this field. Therefore, the advancement of robotic and automation intelligence to be flexible in handling a variety of situations in WEEE disassembly is sought after. This paper presents an ontology-based cognitive method for generating actions for the disassembly of WEEE, with a focus on LCD monitors, handling uncertainties throughout the disassembly process. The system utilizes reasoning about relationships between a typical LCD monitor product, component features, common fastener types, and actions that the system is capable of, to determine 4 key stages of robotic disassembly: component identification, fastener identification, disassembly action generation, and identification of disassembly extent. Further uncertainties in the form of possible failure of action execution is reasoned about to provide new actions, and any unusual scenarios that result in incorrect reasoning outputs are rectified with user-demonstration as a last resort. The proposed method is trialed for the disassembly of LCD monitors and a product unknown to the system, in the form of a DVD-ROM drive.
Predicting Positioning Error and Finding Features for Large Industrial Robots Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Kato Daiki , Yoshitsugu Kenya , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Takahashi Kenichi ,   Doshisha University 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan,   IHI Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2021

In this study, we evaluated the motion accuracy of a large industrial robot and its compensation method and constructed an off-line teaching operation based on three-dimensional computer aided design data. In this experiment, we used a laser tracker to measure the coordinates of the end effector of the robot. Simultaneously, the end-effector coordinates, each joint angle, the maximum current of the motors attached to each joint, and rotation speed of each joint were measured. This servo information was converted into image data as visible information. For each robot movement path, an image was created; the horizontal axis represented the movement time of the robot and the vertical axis represented the servo information. A convolutional neural network (CNN), a type of deep learning, was used to predict the positioning error with high accuracy. Subsequently, to identify the features of the positioning error, the image was divided into several analysis areas, one of which was filled with various colors and analyzed by the CNN. If the prediction accuracy of the CNN decreased, then the analysis area would be identified as a feature. Thus, the features of the Y-axis positioning error were observed for teaching each joint angle in the opposite direction just after the start of the motion, overshoot of the rotational joint current, and the change in the swivel joint current.
Estimation of Initial Hydrocarbon Saturation Applying Machine Learning Under Petrophysical Uncertainty
Authors: Neff P. , Steineder D. , Stummer B. , Clemens T.
Published: March 2021

The initial hydrocarbon saturation has a major effect on field-development planning and resource estimation. However, the bases of the initial hydrocarbon saturation are indirect measurements from spatially distributed wells applying saturation-height modeling using uncertain parameters. Because of the multitude of parameters, applying assisted-matching methods requires trade-offs regarding the quality of objective functions used for the various observed data. Applying machine learning (ML) in a Bayesian framework helps overcome these challenges. In the present study, the methodology is used to derive posterior parameter distributions for saturation-height modeling honoring the petrophysical uncertainty in a field. The results are used for dynamic model initialization and will be applied for forecasting under uncertainty. To determine the dynamic numerical model initial hydrocarbon saturation, the saturation-height model (SHM) needs to be conditioned to the petrophysically interpreted logs. There were 2,500 geological realizations generated to cover the interpreted ranges of porosity, permeability, and saturations for 15 wells. For the SHM, 12 parameters and their ranges were introduced. Latin hypercube sampling was used to generate a training set for ML models using the random forest algorithm. The trained ML models were conditioned to the petrophysical log-derived saturation data. To ensure a fieldwide consistency of the dynamic numerical models, only parameter combinations honoring the interpreted saturation range for all wells were selected. The presented method allows for consistent initialization and for rejection of parameters that do not fit the observed data. In our case study, the most-significant observation concerns the posterior parameter-distribution ranges, which are narrowed down dramatically, such as the free-water-level (FWL) range, which is reduced from 645–670 m subsea level (mSS) to 656–668 mSS. Furthermore, the SHM parameters are proved independent; thus, the resulting posterior parameter ranges for the SHM can be used for conditioning production data to models and subsequent hydrocarbon-production forecasting. Additional observations can be made from the ML results, such as the correlation between wells; this allows for interpreting groups of wells that have a similar behavior, favor the same combinations, and potentially belong to the same compartment.
From Science to Practice: Improving ROP by Utilizing a Cloud-Based Machine-Learning Solution in Real-Time Drilling Operations
Authors: Singh Kriti , Yalamarty Sai , Cheatham Curtis , Tran Khoa , McDonald Greg
Published: March 2021

This paper is a follow up to the URTeC (2019-343) publication where the training of a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict rate of penetration (ROP) is described. The ML model gathers recent drilling parameters and approximates drilling conditions downhole to predict ROP. In real time, the model is run through an optimization sweep by adjusting parameters which can be controlled by the driller. The optimal drilling parameters and modeled ROP are then displayed for the driller to utilize.

The ML model was successfully deployed and tested in real time in collaboration with leading shale operators in the Permian Basin. The testing phase was split in two parts, preliminary field tests and trials of the end-product. The key learnings from preliminary field tests were used to develop an integrated driller's dashboard with optimal drilling parameters recommendations and situational awareness tools for high dysfunction and procedural compliance which was used for designed trials.

The results of field trials are discussed where subject well ROP was improved between 19-33% when comparing against observation/control footage. The overall ROP on subject wells was also compared against offset wells with similar target formations, BHAs, and wellbore trajectories. In those comparisons against qualified offsets, ROP was improved by as little as 5% and as much as 33%.

In addition to comparing ROP performance, results from post-run data analysis are also presented. Detailed drilling data analytics were performed to check if using the recommendations during the trial caused any detrimental effects such as divergence in directional trends or high lateral or axial vibrations.

The results from this analysis indicate that the measured downhole axial and lateral vibrations were in the safe zone. Also, no significant deviations in rotary trends were observed.
Activated Shale Creep and Potential Micro-Annulus Investigated in the Field
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Loizzo Matteo , Delabroy Laurent , Kristiansen Tron Golder , Klepaker Kristian
Published: March 2021

It has been demonstrated that creeping shales can form effective hydraulic well barriers. Shale barriers have been used for many years in P&A of wells in Norway. More recently, shale barriers for zonal isolation have also been used in new wells where shale creep was found to occur within days. In some cases, shale creep is activated by a reduction in annulus pressure, in other cases shale creep sets in without any active activation, possibly by time-dependent formation-pressure changes. However, the presence of thixotropic fluids (drilling muds) in the annulus may prevent full closure of the annulus as it requires large pressure differentials to squeeze the fluid out of a microannulus. Furthermore, elastic rebound of an actively activated shale barrier could result in a microannulus and hence a possible leakage pathway. Improved logging technology is needed for identifying shale barriers and the presence of micro-annuli in shale-barrier zones.

We use cement bond log data and standard bond logging criteria to evaluate the quality of the shale well barriers (Williams et al., 2009). In addition, in order to detect microannuli on the outside of the casing, a new inversion algorithm for the bond logging data was developed and tested on field data. Later, we had the chance to apply the inversion algorithm to bond-log data obtained in the laboratory with a miniature bond-logging tool inside a cased hollow-cylinder shale-core sample place. It turned out that both the micro-annulus widths and shale velocities determined by the inversion technique were too high. By constraining the shale velocities to more realistic values, the updated microannulus widths were smaller and more consistent with the experimental results.

Small microannuli may not cause any measurable leakage along the well, especially if filled with a thixotropic fluid. However, more studies are needed to quantify the impact of microannuli on the sealing capacity of shale barriers.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiphase Flowmeters: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Zargar Masoumeh , Johns Michael L. , Aljindan Jana M. , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed Nabil , O'Neill Keelan T.
Published: March 2021

Multiphase flowmetering is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those that pertain to oil and gas. Generally, both the composition and individual phase velocities are required; this results in a complex measurement task made more acute by the prevalence of turbulent flow and a variety of flow regimes. In the current review, the main technical options to meet this metrology are outlined and used to provide context for the main focus on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology for multiphase flowmetering. Relevant fundamentals of NMR are detailed as is their exploitation to quantify flow composition and individual phase velocities for multiphase flow. The review then proceeds to detail three NMR multiphase flowmeter (MPFM) apparatus and concludes with a consideration of future challenges and prospects for the technology.
In vivo detection of external apical root resorption induced by apical periodontitis using periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Huamán Stephanie Diaz , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , de Oliveira Fernanda Maria Machado Pereira Cabral , De Rossi Andiara , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley G
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To investigate sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of external apical root resorption (EARR).Materials and Methods: Dog’s teeth with experimentally induced root resorption underwent or not root canal treatment (n = 62 roots). True positives (TP), false positives (FP), true negatives (TN) and false negatives (FN) in PR and CBCT diagnoses were determined using histopathologic findings as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy (TP + TN) in the diagnosis of EARR were calculated. Data was compared using chi-squared test (⍺= 0.05).Results: We found that PR detected EARR in 35% of roots and CBCT, in 47%. EARR was microscopically diagnosed in 50% (p = 0.03 comparison between PR and microscopy; p = 0.67 comparison between CBCT and microscopy). Overall, CBCT produced more accurate diagnoses than PR (0.93 for CBCT versus 0.70 for PR; p = 0.008). Interestingly, when data was stratified into small and large resorptions, PR and CBCT allowed identification of large resorption in 100% of the cases and showed the same accuracy. However, for small resorptions, PR showed an accuracy of 0.83, whereas CBCT showed an accuracy of 0.96 (p = 0.003).Conclusions: We demonstrated that CBCT showed higher accuracy to detect EARR. These findings shed light on the use of CBCT for detection of initial root resorption.Clinical relevance: Early identification of resorption allows a prompt treatment and reduces the risk of dental structure loss.
Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of AA2198 and AA7075 Sheets: Forces, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Astarita Antonello , Tucci Fausto , Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Perrella Michele , Boccarusso Luca , Carlone Pierpaolo
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the dissimilar friction stir lap welding of AA2198 and AA7075 sheets. The influence of processing parameters, namely welding speed and tool rotational speed on joint features, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated implementing a full factorial design of experiments. During the welding process, axial and transversal forces were continuously measured using a dedicated sensed fixture aiming at the correlation of this processing parameter with the quality of the achieved joints. The reported outcomes showed a very narrow processing window in which it was possible to avoid the formation of defects while the formation of an hook was observed for all the joints welded. The influence of the weld bead morphology on the lap shear strength was elucidated proving that the strength is ruled by the hook morphology. A correlation between the process parameters and the forces arising was also attempted. The final microstructure of the joints was studied and explained and also compared with the microhardness results.
SHP2 inhibition enhances the anticancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant lung adenocarcinoma by blocking CXCL8 loop mediated stemness
Authors: Xia Leiming , Yang Fan , Li Suzhi , Kan Chen , Zheng Hong , Wang Siying
Published: March 2021

Background: Additional epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations confer the drug resistance to generations of EGFR targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), which is the thorny challenge to propel the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) forward. In the tailored targeting era, the strategy of EGFR-TKI combined regimen was considered the promising approach to conquer the big aforesaid question. The mechanism of SHP2 involved in the cell proliferation, cytokine production, stemness maintenance and drug resistance of LUAD was not yet fully explored.Methods: To determine the impact of SHP2 on the efficacy of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells to Osimertinib, SHP2 was tested in Osimertinib treated LUAD cells. Cell proliferation and stemness were tested in SHP2 modified LUAD cells. RNA sequencing were performed to explore the mechanism of SHP2 promoted stemness.Results: This study demonstrated that high SHP2 indicates poor outcome of LUAD patients, and enriched in Osimertinib resistant LUAD cells. Moreover, SHP2 inhibition suppressed the cell proliferation and damaged the stemness of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD. Furthermore, SHP2 facilitates the CXCL8 secretion of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD which derived from a CXCL8-CXCR1/2 positive feedback loop that promoted the stemness and tumorigenesis. Finally, we found SHP2 inhibited ERK-AKT-NFκB and GSK3β-β Catenin pathways in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells, inactivation of NF-κB confers to a blockage of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 loop, and stemness limited by restricting GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling.Conclusions: Our data revealed that inhibition of SHP2 enhances the anti-cancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD by blocking CXCL8-CXCR1/2 loop mediated stemness, which may provide an alternative option to promote the efficacy of osimertinib in clinic of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD.
Design and Investigation of Gate Stacked Vertical TFET with N+ SiGe Pocket Doped Heterojunction for Performance Enhancement
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Wariya Subodh , singh shailendra
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a novel delta-doped N + Silicon-Germanium Gate Stacked Triple Metal Gate Vertical TFET (Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET) is proposed and investigated using the Silvaco TCAD simulation tool. Four different combinations were presented and compared with and without the gate stacking method and Si0.2Ge0.8 N + pocket delta-doped layer to render the optimized results. Among all, Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET structure comes out with a very steep sub-threshold slope (9.75 mV/dec), 40 % lower than the first configuration of TMG VTFET. The inclusion of the N + delta-doped layer between the source and channel and gate will enhance the ON-state drive current performance by reducing the OFF-state leakage current. This happens due to the lower bandgap of the N + delta-doped layer cause narrow BTBT, which results in a high drive current. The Triple metal gate is designed to mitigate the ambipolar conduction by modulating the optimized wok function at 4.15, 4.3, and 4.15 eV. The distribution of the source channel in the vertical structure will enhance the device's scalability due to the electron tunneling moves in the vertical electric field direction. The optimally constructed structure demonstrates improved performance, such as a high ION/IOFF current ratio (~ 1013) and sub-threshold voltage (0.33 V). The results obtained from the proposed device make it suitable for the ultra-low-power device application.
Multibiomarker Responses to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Microplastics in Thumbprint Emperor Lethrinus Harak from a South Pacific Locally Managed Marine Area
Authors: Varea Rufino , Paris Andrew , Ferreira Marta , Piovano Susanna
Published: March 2021

To determine the baseline threat of microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an important seafood fish from Vueti Navakavu LMMA, a multibiomarker risk assessment was conducted on the thumbprint emperor fish. K-factor was significantly lower in samples from the wet season compared to the dry season but no significant differences were observed for HSI between seasonal groups. PAHs levels of four metabolites in emperor fish from Fiji waters is reported here for the first time; seasonal groups showed no significant differences, but all samples presented levels of biliary PAHs. The specimens also contained at least one microplastic in its gastrointestinal system; fibres were the predominant form-type and ingestion levels showed that more than 80 % of fragment sizes were below 1.0 mm. Biochemical responses were observed for EROD and GST biotransformation activity, oxidative stress (GPX and GR activity; LPO concentration) and genotoxicity (micronuclei assay). Though there were no statistically significant differences found, there were biological significances that were important to note; relatively low levels of pollutant exposure showed low levels of biochemical responses as well, and enzymes response were as expected to their roles in the body. This reflects that a multibiomarker approach can be helpful to monitor future trends of pollution levels, and help improve or strengthen the efforts of existing conservation mechanisms such as LMMAs. Coastal communities consume 0.55 kgs more seafood fishes annually in the world, so their livelihood security and health safety should be paramount in our efforts to curb the issue. We recommend adopting new techniques, like biomonitoring, to improve the conservation mechanisms and systems in place.
The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the DIEPSS in patients with schizophrenia: results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study
Authors: Kubota Chika , Inada Toshiya , Lin Shih-Ku , Avasthi Ajit , Chee Kok Yoon , Tanra Andi Jayalangkara , Yang Shu-Yu , Chen Lian-Yu , Chong Mian-Yoon , Tripathi Adarsh , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Grover Sandeep , Park Seon-Cheol , Kato Takahiro A. , Xiang Yu-Tao , Sim Kang , Maramis Margarita M , Noor Isa Multazam , Tan Chay-Hoon , Sartorius Norman , Shinfuku Naotaka
Published: March 2021

Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). The participants were 1,478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia), F2 (gait and bradykinesia), and F3 (muscle rigidity and tremor). The present results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: central dopaminergic mechanisms with the pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F1), acute parkinsonism observed during action (F2), and acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F3).
Accuracy of Laboratory Tests Drawn by Pull-push Method from Central Venous Catheterization After Routine Flushing with 10 ml Normal Saline.
Authors: Lokeskrawee Thanin , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Sawaengrat Chutinun , Patumanond Jayanton
Published: March 2021

Background: Central venous catheterization (CVC) remains a common practice in the emergency setting. Routine flushing 10 - 20 ml of normal saline to maintain the patency of CVC could affect the accuracy of laboratory tests. Typically, physicians require peripheral vein phlebotomy when more blood sampling is needed. One of the alternative methods, the Pull-push method, could avoid too much pain and unnecessary peripheral vein phlebotomy. However, there has been no recent study analyzing the accuracy of blood sampling using this technique. Objective: We evaluate laboratory tests' accuracy between blood samples drawn by the Pull-push method from CVC after routine flushing with 10 ml of normal saline versus control. Methods: We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study from May to September 2019. After exclusion, 72 patients were eligible for analysis. Promptly after central venous catheterization, we drew blood samples, stored them in blood collecting tubes, and labeled them for the gold standard group. We flushed with 10 ml of normal saline before blood sampling using the Pull-push method's completed three times; then, we drew blood samples again, labeled Pull-push group. We compared the laboratory results between two groups by paired t-test. The accuracies were analyzed based on an allowable error by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and presented by a modified Bland-Altman plot. Results: The 72 patients were primarily male (n=47, 65.3%), had a mean age 60.1±14.0 years, and were diagnosed with sepsis (n=4, 5.6%) or septic shock (n=65, 90.3%). For almost all the laboratory values, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and blood sugar, the accuracy was more than 90% (92.8-98.6%), except aPTT (85.5%) and aPTT ratio (86.7%) Conclusion: Laboratory tests drawn by the Pull-push method could replace peripheral vein phlebotomy to avoid too much pain and infection risk.
Outcome of Trabeculectomy with Intraoperative Subtenon Injection of Mitomycin C
Authors: Mahar Pir Salim , Rahman Asma
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of trabeculectomy with intraoperative subtenon injection of Mitomycin C (MMC) in terms of control of Intraocular pressure post-operatively.Study design: Observational studyMethods: A total of 49 patient’s medical records who underwent trabeculectomy with intraoperative subtenon injection of MMC with diagnosis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) from January 2017 to December 2018 were evaluated to see the post-operative outcomes in terms of control of intraocular pressure (IOP) with 12 months follow-up. The medical records were retrieved using the hospital information system. Age, gender, pre-operative IOP, Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), co-morbids, previous surgery, Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), fundus findings, number of glaucoma medications and postoperative complications were obtained by using a proforma.Results: Total 72 eyes of 49 patient records were evaluated to see post operative outcomes at three, six and twelve months follow up. The mean IOP preoperatively was 24.68±13.66 mm Hg with maximum anti-glaucoma treatment. After the surgery the mean IOP was 13.69±6.68 mmHg at 3 months follow-up, and 12.68±4.04 and 13.33±4.8 mmHg at 6 and 12 months respectively (P-value 0.001). Preoperatively mean CCT was 529.81±28.75 and at 12 months follow-up after surgery was 530.45±29.43 with P-value 0.245. Best Corrected Visual Acuity outcomes were seen at each follow-up and results were found to be statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.05).Conclusions: Twelve months follow-up of trabeculectomy show that intraoperative subtenon injection of MMC is effective in terms of control of IOP postoperatively with minimal complications in patients with POAG.
Could anterior cervical fixation be an alternative method in the management of Hirayama disease?
Authors: Wu Wence , Li Zhechen , Zhang Hongjie , Lin Renqin , Lin Jianhua
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of surgical treatment for Hirayama disease(HD) by anterior cervical fixation(ACF). From August 2008 to November 2015, 13 patients(12 males and 1 female, average age, 16.3 ± 1.1 years) with HD underwent ACF. Surgery-related indexes, clinical efficacy, and radiographic parameters were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgery. The surgery duration time range from 67 to 128 min(average 89.2 ± 19.9 min)and the blood loss range from 40 to 120 ml(average 68.1 ± 26.3 ml). Four patients got resolved tremor, and the other patients stopped progressing. Grip strength significantly improved from preoperative 15.6 ± 1.7 kilogram to postoperative 18.6 ± 1.9 kilogram(P < 0.001). The cross-sectional areas of the spinal cord at C6 and C7 levels increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 cm2 to 0.8 ± 0.1 cm2(P = 0.018) and from 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 to 0.7 ± 0.1 cm2(P = 0.049) respectively. The cervical lordosis increased from 2.4 ± 3.4° to 7.0 ± 3.5°(P = 0.001). The range of cervical flexion was significantly decreased from preoperative 31.3 ± 11.5° to postoperative 14.3 ± 7.5°(P < 0.001). No surgical related complications such as hoarseness, cerebral fluid leakage, and surgical site infection were observed after surgery. Two patients, felt abnormal sensation of throat occasionally, showed screw loosening and internal fixators were removed finally. Athough screw loosening was observed, ACF could serve as an effective treatment in the management of the HD.
Efficacy of the direct aspiration-irrigation maneuver for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A single hospital's experience
Authors: Pan Zhenjiang , Bao Jing , Wei Shepeng
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

The traditional methods for managing symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) at our hospital include evacuation via single burr-hole irrigation with continuous closed subdural drainage (SBID). The single burr-hole aspiration and irrigation technique with continuous closed subdural drainage (SBAID) is an attractive alternative method. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of SBAID compared with traditional SBID methods.
METHODS

A database of 51 CSDH patients treated with the SBAID method and 35 CSDH patients treated with the SBID method was compiled, and a retrospective chart review was performed. Information regarding demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and outcomes was collected. Predictors of recurrence requiring reoperation and other outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS

Compared to the patients in the SBID group, the patients in the SBAID group had a shorter mean duration of surgery (56.6 ± 5.6 minutes vs 59.5 ± 4.8 minutes, respectively, P = 0.02); a shorter mean interval from procedure to discharge (6.2 ± 1.2 days vs 6.8 ± 1.3 days, respectively, P = 0.046); no significant difference in preoperative hematoma volume (106.4 ± 21.7 cm3 vs 101.3 ± 16.3 cm3, respectively, P = 0.25); and a smaller subdural space volume 48 hours after the operation (43.6 ± 7.4 cm3 vs 47.4 ± 9.1 cm3, respectively, P = 0.03).
Natural evolution mechanisms of the IDH mutant glioma revealed by multi-omics sequencing of a long-term survivor
Authors: Wang Long , Zhao Feilong , Li Xuegang , Chen Tunan , Feng Hua , Ma Tonghui , Li Fei
Published: March 2021

Purpose Low-grade gliomas(LGG) almost invariably progress into secondary glioblastoma with limited therapeutic options. The currently proposed progression mechanisms were mainly based on treatment intervened patients, seldom is known about the mechanisms under natural evolution.Methods A high-grade glioblastoma (G4) occurred at the posterior of the primary LGG (G2) of a 67-year-old woman carried the glioma for eight years without any serious treatment. Tumor samples and peripheral blood of the patients were collected and subjected to integrated genomic analyses, including whole-exome sequencing, gene expression and DNA methylation profiling.Results The center and edge of the tumor were diagnosed as LGG and GBM, respectively. They shared the same trunk mutations including IDH, TP53, and ATRX. They both have mixing cell origins and they have a highly correlated methylation level at the probe level. CIC, BRCA2, and RPA4 mutation which occurred only in G4 with mutant allele frequency(MAF) higher than 15% may contribute to evolution. NAF1 of which the MAF increased by 70% and the mutant RNA reads nearly doubled in G4 may also involve in the evolution. In the pathway level, the MSP-RON pathway was strongly up-regulated in G4. Concomitant with the tumor evolution, we discovered enhanced inflammatory signals represented by the up-regulation of the NF-κB pathway and the recruitment of mast cell, of which the absolute cell proportion increased from 3.9% to 6.9%. Contradictorily, the adaptive immune response was suppressed as we found pathways associated with IL17, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T cells were down-regulated and the infiltration level of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were both decreased. As for the TCR profile, only about 2% of blood clonotypes were detected in the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, two clonotypes were found significantly expanded. Clone frequencies of them were 38% and 19% in G2, respectively. And these were 24% and 11% in G4, respectively.Conclusion. Mutation of CIC, BRCA2, RPA4, and NAF1 and activation of the MSP-RON pathway could promote glioma evolution under natural conditions. Increased inflammatory response and decreased adaptive immune response may also contribute to the process. Besides, two highly expanded TCR clonotypes discovered in this case may serve as a potential adoptive cell therapy source in glioma.
Simple Bayesian Gene Network Learning in Populus Draught Transcriptome Data
Authors: Yaghuti Amir Almasi Zadeh , Movahedi Ali , Wei Hui , Sun Weibo , Mousavi Mohaddeseh , Zhuge Qiang
Published: March 2021

Populus is not only important for wood-based products, such as paper and timber, but also for metabolic-based production, for instance, bioethanol and biofuels. Constructing a sensibly functional gene interaction network is highly appealing to better understand system-level biological processes governing various Populus traits. Bayesian network learning provides an elegant and compact statistical approach for modeling causal gene-gene relationships in microarray data. Therefore, it could come with the illumination of functional molecular playing in Biology Systems. In this study, different forms of gene Bayesian networks were learned on Populus cellular transcriptome data. We addressed that Markov blankets, separating genes external to a regulatory Bayesian network from its internal genes, would likely be emerging at every possible gene regulatory Bayesian network level. The results have also shown that PtpAffx.1257.4.S1_a_at,1.0 hypothetical protein is the most important in its possible regulatory program. This paper illustrates that the gene network regulatory inference is possible to encapsulate within a single BN model. Therefore, such a BN model can serve as a promising training tool for Populus gene expression data to better prepare future experimental scenarios.
Demand-Driven Spreading Patterns of African Swine Fever in China
Authors: Yang Jiannan , Tang Kaichen , Cao Zhidong , Pfeiffer Dirk , Zhao Kang , Zhang Qingpeng , Zeng Daniel Dajun
Published: March 2021

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. ASF has led to huge economic loss and social impact worldwide. The biological mechanism of ASF’s infections is still not fully understood, and the lack of preventative options at the individual level further complicates this major global health challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel method to model the spread of ASF in China by integrating the data of pork import/export, transportation networks, and port distribution centers. We first empirically analyze the overall patterns of ASF spread and performs extensive experiments to evaluate the efficacy of a number of distance measures. These empirical analyses show that the arrival of ASF is not purely based on the geographic distance from existing infected regions. The pork supply-demand patterns have clearly influenced the spread of ASF, which cannot be well explained by conventional geographical distance and the recent effective distance methods. Predictions based on the new distance measure achieve better performance in predicting the disease spreading among Chinese provinces and thus have the potential to enable more proactive and accurate deployment of interventions.
Evaluation of Broadcast Steam Application with Mustard Seed Meal in Fruiting Strawberry
Authors: Kim Dong Sub , Kim Steven , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: March 2021

Soil disinfestation with steam has potential to partially replace fumigants such as methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and 1,3-dichloropropene because it is effective, safer to apply, and has less negative impact on the environment. Here, we compared the efficacy of steam and steam + mustard seed meal (MSM) to chloropicrin on soil disinfection, plant growth, and fruit yield in a strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fruiting field. The MSM was applied at 3368 kg·ha−1 before the steam application. Steam was injected into a 3-m-wide reverse tiller that was set to till 30 to 40 cm deep. Soil temperatures at depths of 10, 20, 25, and 35 cm were monitored. Steam and steam + MSM treatments reduced the viability of purslane seeds and nutsedge tubers, microsclerotia density of Verticillium dahliae, propagule density of Pythium ultimum, cumulative weed densities, and biomass compared with the nontreated control. Moreover, the steam application was as efficacious as chloropicrin on these pests. The growth and fruit yield of strawberries grown on soils previously treated with the steam and steam + MSM treatments were similar to those in the chloropicrin treatment and were higher than those in the nontreated control. Our study indicated that steam, steam + MSM, and chloropicrin are equally effective at suppressing weeds and soilborne pathogens. These results suggest that the steam and steam + MSM treatment can be a practical alternative for soil disinfestation in conventional and organic strawberry fields.
The construction and analysis of repeated measurement designs (RMD) using the trial and error method
Authors: Mir Shakeel A. , Shah Immad A.
Published: March 2021

Repeated measurement designs prove broadly applicable in almost all branches of biosciences, including agriculture, animal husbandry, botany, zoology. Unbiased estimators for elementary contrasts among direct and residual effects are obtainable in this class of designs, which is considered their important property. In this paper, an attempt was made to provide a new method of overcoming a drawback in the construction method developed by Afsarinejad (1983), where one or more treatments may occur more than once in certain sequences causing the constructed designs to no longer remain uniform in the examined periods. Nine designs were constructed and presented jointly with their corresponding mathematical analyses.
Bankruptcy prediction of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Poland based on the LDA and SVM methods
Authors: Ptak-Chmielewska Aneta
Published: March 2021

The impact the last financial crisis had on the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector varied across countries, affecting them on different levels and to a different extent. The economic situation in Poland during and after the financial crisis was quite stable compared to other EU member states. SMEs represent one of the most important segments of the economy of every country. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a prediction model which easily adapts to the characteristics of SMEs.

Since the Altman Z-Score model was devised, numerous studies on bankruptcy prediction have been written. Most of them involve the application of traditional methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression and probit analysis. However, most recent studies in the area of bankruptcy prediction focus on more advanced methods, such as case-based reasoning, genetic algorithms and neural networks. In this paper, the effectiveness of LDA and SVM predictions were compared. A sample of SMEs was used in the empirical analysis, financial ratios were utilised and non-financial factors were taken account of. The hypothesis assuming that multidimensional discrimination was more effective was verified on the basis of the obtained results.
KUAT TEKAN AKSIAL KOLOM PENDEK TERKEKANG PENAMPANG PERSEGI DIPERKUAT SERAT BAJA
Authors: Sabariman Bambang
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTConfinement in concrete can increase ductility and compressive strength of the column (P0). While the use of steel fibre can also increase the ductility of concrete. In this study, the steel fibres as an additive in concrete short columns confined, and short columns were given concentric axial loads until they reach collapse. The results showed that the use of steel fibres in concrete can increase P0. The compressive strength (P0) of a confined short column without steel fibre was 52.06 ton to 63 ton, while on a short column with steel fibre was 57.68 ton to 69.28 ton. Those indicated that concrete short columns with steel fibres can increase the compressive strength, but in this study, the effect of the Ast (column longitudinal reinforcement area) has not yet. Keywords: Compressive strength, Confined, Short column, Steel fiber.ABSTRAKKekangan pada beton dapat meningkatkan daktilitas dan kuat tekan kolom (P0), sedangkan pemakaian serat baja (steel fiber) juga dapat meningkatkan daktilitas beton. Dalam penelitian ini serat baja sebagai bahan tambah pada beton kolom pendek terkekang, dan kolom pendek dibebani gaya aksial konsentris sampai mencapai runtuh. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian serat baja pada beton terkekang dapat lebih meningkatkan P0. Kuat tekan P0 pada kolom pendek terkekang tanpa serat baja didapat 52.06 ton sampai dengan 63 ton, sedang pada kolom pendek terkekang memakai serat baja didapat 57.68 ton sampai dengan 69.28 ton. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kolom pendek beton terkekang dan diperkuat serat baja dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan kolom pendek, tetapi dalam penelitian ini kuat tekan kolom pendek belum mengamati pengaruh pemakaian Ast (luas tulangan longitudinal kolom). Kata kunci: Kuat tekan, Pengekangan, Kolom pendek, Serat baja
User Engagement and Clinical Impact of the Manage My Pain App in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Real-World, Multi-site Trial
Authors: Bhatia Anuj , Kara Jamal , Janmohamed Tahir , Prabhu Atul , Lebovic Gerald , Katz Joel , Clarke Hance
Published: March 2021

Background

Chronic pain imposes a large burden on individuals and society. A patient-centric digital chronic pain management app called Manage My Pain (MMP) can be used to enhance communication between providers and patients and promote self-management.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the real-world engagement of patients in urban and rural settings in Ontario, Canada with the MMP app alongside their standard of care and assess the impact of its usage on clinical outcomes of pain and related mental health.

Methods

A total of 246 participants with chronic pain at a rural and 2 urban pain clinics were recruited into this prospective, open-label, exploratory study that compared the use of MMP, a digital health app for pain that incorporates validated questionnaires and provides patients with summarized reports of their progress in combination with standard care (app group), against data entered on paper-based questionnaires (nonapp group). Participants completed validated questionnaires on anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, satisfaction, and daily opioid consumption up to 4.5 months after the initial visit (short-term follow-up) and between 4.5 and 7 months after the initial visit (long-term follow-up). Engagement and clinical outcomes were compared between participants in the two groups.

Results

A total of 73.6% (181/246) of the participants agreed to use the app, with 63.4% (111/175) of them using it for at least one month. Individuals who used the app rated lower anxiety (reduction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire score by 2.10 points, 95% CI –3.96 to –0.24) at short-term follow-up and had a greater reduction in pain catastrophizing (reduction in Pain Catastrophizing Scale score by 5.23 points, 95% CI –9.55 to –0.91) at long-term follow-up relative to patients with pain who did not engage with the MMP app.

Conclusions

The use of MMP by patients with chronic pain is associated with engagement and improvements in self-reported anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Further research is required to understand factors that impact continued engagement and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic pain.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04762329; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04762329
The Impact of COVID-19–Related Restrictions on Social and Daily Activities of Parents, People With Disabilities, and Older Adults: Protocol for a Longitudinal, Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Reid Holly , Miller William Cameron , Esfandiari Elham , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Rash Isabelle , Tao Gordon , Simpson Ethan , Leong Kai , Matharu Parmeet , Sakakibara Brodie , Schmidt Julia , Jarus Tal , Forwell Susan , Borisoff Jaimie , Backman Catherine , Alic Adam , Brooks Emily , Chan Janice , Flockhart Elliott , Irish Jessica , Tsukura Chihori , Di Spirito Nicole , Mortenson William Ben
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to wide-scale changes in societal organization. This has dramatically altered people’s daily activities, especially among families with young children, those living with disabilities such as spinal cord injury (SCI), those who have experienced a stroke, and older adults.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to (1) investigate how COVID-19 restrictions influence daily activities, (2) track the psychosocial effects of these restrictions over time, and (3) identify strategies to mitigate the potential negative effects of these restrictions.

METHODS

This is a longitudinal, concurrent, mixed methods study being conducted in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Data collection occurred at four time points, between April 2020 and February 2021. The first three data collection time points occurred within phases 1 to 3 of the Province of BC’s Restart Plan. The final data collection coincided with the initial distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines. At each time point, data regarding participants’ sociodemographics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, resilience, boredom, social support, instrumental activities of daily living, and social media and technology use were collected in an online survey. These data supplemented qualitative videoconference interviews exploring participants’ COVID-19–related experiences. Participants were also asked to upload photos representing their experience during the restriction period, which facilitated discussion during the final interview. Five groups of participants were recruited: (1) families with children under the age of 18 years, (2) adults with an SCI, (3) adults who experienced a stroke, (4) adults with other types of disabilities, and (5) older adults (>64 years of age) with no self-reported disability. The number of participants we could recruit from each group was limited, which may impact the validity of some subgroup analyses.

RESULTS

This study was approved by the University of British Columbia Behavioural Research Ethics Board (Approval No. H20-01109) on April 17, 2020. A total of 81 participants were enrolled in this study and data are being analyzed. Data analyses are expected to be completed in fall 2021; submission of multiple papers for publication is expected by winter 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from our study will inform the development and recommendations of a new resource guide for the post–COVID-19 period and for future public health emergencies.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/28337