bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boston: museums, dignity and city
Authors: Lourenço Maria Cecília França
Published: October 2017

O artigo aborda a singularidade dos museus em Boston/ EUA, ao se analisar dois deles: Museum of Fine Arts/ MFA e Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Interessa aqui debater as relações múltiplas implementadas por eles, de modo a conquistar diferente público local, além de valorizar e dialogar com artistas. A atitude colabora para transformar visitante por um dia em parceiro, em todo processo preservacionista sistemático, ou seja, aquisição/doação, acolhida, salvaguarda, pesquisa, documentação, interpretação, conservação, restauração, exposição, difusão, publicação, visitas e ação educativa, para salientar as essenciais
Windows of the City
Authors: Cesarino Gabriela Krantz , Gregori Marcia Sandoval
Published: October 2017

Esse artigo propõe a investigação de um lugar híbrido na cidade de São Paulo, no qual o antigo e o novo se sobrepõem. Nesse lugar, vidas (in)visíveis em espaços limiares revelam diferentes formas de ocupação e suas relações com a cidade. As transformações desses espaços no tempo parecem resultar de processos naturais, mas na realidade, são consequência direta da ação do capital e do mercado. Tais processos valorizam o novo e abafam a história local, criando novos lugares. Neste estudo apresenta-se o caso de um pequeno trecho de rua na Vila Madalena, bairro em contínua transformação
Bixiga as a “State of Mind”: from (in)visible exclusion to socio-cultural memory
Authors: Oliveira Sara Fraústo Belém de
Published: October 2017

Este ensaio textual e fotográfico pretende dar luz às relações (in)visíveis existentes no Bexiga - bairro histórico da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil -, capazes de o tornar um lugar especial, seja por meio da sua abertura para a cidade ou pela apropriação local, por parte dos seus moradores. Com efeito, além da abordagem de conceitos como patrimônio cultural, serão mencionadas as dinâmicas sociais, urbanas e políticas, articuladas às premissas visíveis e invisíveis da gentrificação e desenvolvimento estratégico, responsáveis pela exclusão (in)visível que caracteriza o bairro desde a sua materialização. A cargo da fotografia ficará a ilustração das relações dialógicas visíveis ou, muitas vezes, desapercebidas que mostram a heterogeneidade social do local, bem como a memória cultural do mesmo
(In)visible memories: reflections of the center of Campinas-SP
Authors: Oliveira Melissa Ramos da Silva , Ferreira Cláudio Lima , Gallo Haroldo
Published: October 2017

Este artigo, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, tem por objetivo discutir a relação entre a história e as memórias visíveis e invisíveis dos transeuntes, ocupantes e moradores, doravante denominados usuários do centro do município de Campinas-SP. Neste contexto, o artigo pretende problematizar as relações entre as pessoas, o lugar e a memória, a partir das representações do espaço coletadas entre os usuários da região central na vida cotidiana. Por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, coletaram-se desenhos elaborados pelos usuários da área central da cidade de Campinas, com o intuito de identificar os lugares de memória - lugares apropriados e preservados pela existência de um sentido compartilhado que os diferencia dos demais. No âmbito dessa relação, a paisagem urbana/arquitetônica edificada passou a definir a memória dos lugares nas cidades. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com osusuários do centro da cidade demonstrando o vínculo entre o indivíduo, o espaço edificado urbano/arquitetônico e a valorização da identidade urbana construída a partir da memória que os indivíduos têm sobre a cidade, seu patrimônio, seus referenciais simbólicos e suas representações. Essas representações suscitam questionamentos sobre a maneira pela qual o patrimônio e a memória têm sido preservados no tempo presente
Almost Image
Authors: Pescuma Maria Cristina Alves
Published: October 2017

Pretende-se abordaralguns aspectos da Videoinstalação “Atrás da Porta: Uma Topologia dos Espaços Inacessíveis” do artista visual Fernando Pião. O artista buscou, com esta obra, os espaços “invisíveis” da galeria, colocando câmeras de vigilância, desviando-as de sua função de vigiar para que pudessem trazer outros mundos, outras paisagens, a diferença, uma fuga dos poderes da sociedade do controle
Brás Cubas’s Inefable Obscurity
Authors: Félix Regina R.
Published: October 2017

Premido pela insistência de seu pai para que faça algo de si mesmo, Brás Cubas se vê obrigado a evitar a obscuridade social, analisada neste artigo para além da hesitante ambição social e política que ele exibe—ambição esta que é emblemática em famílias afluentes que competem entre si para garantir sua posição social na rígida sociedade brasileira do século XIX. Apesar de todas as oportunidades das quais desfrutou através das conveniências e portas abertas que a propriedade de sua família lhe proporcionou, Brás não conseguiu ter sucesso absoluto em qualquer empreitada a que se aventurou. Sua melancolia explicitamente declarada confirma, por um lado, uma carreira pessoal de decepções. Com um distanciamento orgulhoso, por outro lado, anuncia o prazer obtido em não ter tido que trabalhar para viver e, mais importante, não ter transmitido "nossa miséria". Este artigo demonstrará textualmente os fracassos de Brás e indicará a condição sociocultural que o aprisiona
Patrick J. Geary, The Myth of nations - The medieval origins of Europa
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Espel de
Published: October 2017

A resenha apresentada, salienta aspectos do Livro O mito das nações. A invenção do Nacionalismo, de Patrick Geary 2008. Evidencia as contradições presentes nas invocações identitárias dos povos da Europa moderna e fala sobre a manipulação de dados históricos. Um olhar atento sobre a obra, mostra que há algo invisível transformando as nações todos os dias. Sugere que os estudos históricos utilizados em comunicação nos museus e outras ferramentas culturais devem ser feitos de maneira isenta e não manipulado, auxiliando na compreensão da realidade presente
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Macrophages for Unraveling Human Macrophage Biology
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Reilly Muredach P.
Published: October 2017

Despite a substantial appreciation for the critical role of macrophages in cardiometabolic diseases, understanding of human macrophage biology has been hampered by the lack of reliable and scalable models for cellular and genetic studies. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived macrophages (IPSDM), as an unlimited source of subject genotype-specific cells, will undoubtedly play an important role in advancing our understanding of the role of macrophages in human diseases. In this review, we summarize current literature in the differentiation and characterization of IPSDM at phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic levels. We emphasize the progress in differentiating iPSC to tissue resident macrophages, and in understanding the ontogeny of in vitro differentiated IPSDM that resembles primitive hematopoiesis, rather than adult definitive hematopoiesis. We review the application of IPSDM in modeling both Mendelian genetic disorders and host–pathogen interactions. Finally, we highlighted the potential areas of research using IPSDM in functional validation of coronary artery disease loci in genome-wide association studies, functional genomic analyses, drug testing, and cell therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Megakaryocytes and Platelets for Disease Modeling and Future Clinical Applications
Authors: Borst Sara , Sim Xiuli , Poncz Mortimer , French Deborah L. , Gadue Paul
Published: October 2017

Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, are anucleate cytoplasmic discs that circulate in the blood stream and play major roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelet transfusions are used in a variety of medical settings to prevent life-threatening thrombocytopenia because of cancer therapy, other causes of acquired or inherited thrombocytopenia, and trauma. Currently, platelets used for transfusion purposes are donor derived. However, there is a drive to generate nondonor sources of platelets to help supplement donor-derived platelets. Efforts have been made by many laboratories to generate in vitro platelets and optimize their production and quality. In vitro-derived platelets have the potential to be a safer, more uniform product, and genetic manipulation could allow for better treatment of patients who become refractory to donor-derived units. This review focuses on potential clinical applications of in vitro-derived megakaryocytes and platelets, current methods to generate and expand megakaryocytes from pluripotent stem cell sources, and the use of these cells for disease modeling.
Phenotypic Consequences of a Genetic Predisposition to Enhanced Nitric Oxide Signaling
Authors: Emdin Connor A. , Khera Amit V. , Klarin Derek , Natarajan Pradeep , Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Nomura Akihiro , Haas Mary , Aragam Krishna , Ardissino Diego , Wilson James G. , Schunkert Heribert , McPherson Ruth , Watkins Hugh , Elosua Roberto , Bown Matthew J. , Samani Nilesh J. , Baber Usman , Erdmann Jeanette , Gormley Padhraig , Palotie Aarno , Stitziel Nathan O. , Gupta Namrata , Danesh John , Saleheen Danish , Gabriel Stacey , Kathiresan Sekar
Published: October 2017

Background:

Nitric oxide signaling plays a key role in the regulation of vascular tone and platelet activation. Here, we seek to understand the impact of a genetic predisposition to enhanced nitric oxide signaling on risk for cardiovascular diseases, thus informing the potential utility of pharmacological stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway as a therapeutic strategy.

Methods:

We analyzed the association of common and rare genetic variants in 2 genes that mediate nitric oxide signaling (Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 [
NOS3
] and Guanylate Cyclase 1, Soluble, Alpha 3 [
GUCY1A3
]) with a range of human phenotypes. We selected 2 common variants (rs3918226 in
NOS3
and rs7692387 in
GUCY1A3
) known to associate with increased
NOS3
and
GUCY1A3
expression and reduced mean arterial pressure, combined them into a genetic score, and standardized this exposure to a 5 mm Hg reduction in mean arterial pressure. Using individual-level data from 335 464 participants in the UK Biobank and summary association results from 7 large-scale genome-wide association studies, we examined the effect of this nitric oxide signaling score on cardiometabolic and other diseases. We also examined whether rare loss-of-function mutations in
NOS3
and
GUCY1A3
were associated with coronary heart disease using gene sequencing data from the Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium (n=27 815).

Results:

A genetic predisposition to enhanced nitric oxide signaling was associated with reduced risks of coronary heart disease (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.45;
P
=5.5*10
–26
], peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.68;
P
=0.0005), and stroke (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37-0.76;
P
=0.0006). In a mediation analysis, the effect of the genetic score on decreased coronary heart disease risk extended beyond its effect on blood pressure. Conversely, rare variants that inactivate the
NOS3
or
GUCY1A3
genes were associated with a 23 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure (95% CI, 12-34;
P
=5.6*10
–5
) and a 3-fold higher risk of coronary heart disease (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.29-7.12;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:

A genetic predisposition to enhanced nitric oxide signaling is associated with reduced risks of coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. Pharmacological stimulation of nitric oxide signaling may prove useful in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease.
On the Relation between Chemical Oscillations and Self-Replication
Authors: Bigan Erwan , Plateau Pierre
Published: October 2017

One proposed scenario for the emergence of biochemical oscillations is that they may have provided the basic mechanism behind cellular self-replication by growth and division. However, alternative scenarios not requiring any chemical oscillation have also been proposed. Each of the various protocell models proposed to support one or another scenario comes with its own set of specific assumptions, which makes it difficult to ascertain whether chemical oscillations are required or not for cellular self-replication. This article compares these two cases within a single whole-cell model framework. This model relies upon a membrane embedding a chemical reaction network (CRN) synthesizing all the cellular constituents, including the membrane, by feeding from an external nutrient. Assuming the osmolarity is kept constant, the system dynamics are governed by a set of nonlinear differential equations coupling the chemical concentrations and the surface-area-to-volume ratio. The resulting asymptotic trajectories are used to determine the cellular shape by minimizing the membrane bending energy (within an approximate predefined family of shapes). While the stationary case can be handled quite generally, the oscillatory one is investigated using a simple oscillating CRN example, which is used to identify features that are expected to hold for any network. It is found that cellular self-replication can be reached with or without chemical oscillations, and that a requirement common to both stationary and oscillatory cases is that a minimum spontaneous curvature of the membrane is required for the cell to divide once its area and volume are both doubled. The oscillatory case can result in a greater variety of cellular shape trajectories but raises additional constraints for cellular division and self-replication: (i) the ratio of doubling time to oscillation period should be an integer, and (ii) if the oscillation amplitude is sufficiently high, then the spontaneous curvature must be below a maximum value to avoid early division before the end of the cycle. Because of these additional stringent constraints, it is likely that early protocells did not rely upon chemical oscillations. Biochemical oscillations typical of modern evolved cells may have emerged later through evolution for other reasons (e.g., metabolic advantage) and must have required additional feedback mechanisms for such a self-replicating system to be robust against even slight environmental variations (e.g., temperature fluctuations).
Population Dynamics of Early Visual Cortex during Working Memory
Authors: Rahmati Masih , Saber Golbarg T. , Curtis Clayton E.
Published: October 2017

Although the content of working memory (WM) can be decoded from the spatial patterns of brain activity in early visual cortex, how populations encode WM representations remains unclear. Here, we address this limitation by using a model-based approach that reconstructs the feature encoded by population activity measured with fMRI. Using this approach, we could successfully reconstruct the locations of memory-guided saccade goals based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex during a memory delay. We could reconstruct the saccade goal even when we dissociated the visual stimulus from the saccade goal using a memory-guided antisaccade procedure. By comparing the spatiotemporal population dynamics, we find that the representations in visual cortex are stable but can also evolve from a representation of a remembered visual stimulus to a prospective goal. Moreover, because the representation of the antisaccade goal cannot be the result of bottom–up visual stimulation, it must be evoked by top–down signals presumably originating from frontal and/or parietal cortex. Indeed, we find that trial-by-trial fluctuations in delay period activity in frontal and parietal cortex correlate with the precision with which our model reconstructed the maintained saccade goal based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex. Therefore, the population dynamics in visual cortex encode WM representations, and these representations can be sculpted by top–down signals from frontal and parietal cortex.
Boesenbergia quangngaiensis (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Vietnam
Authors: LÝ NGỌC-SÂM
Published: October 2017

Boesenbergia quangngaiensis, a new species of Zingiberaceae from Quảng Ngãi Province in central Vietnam is described and illustrated. The species is similar to B. plicata, but can be distinguished by its leaves which are sessile or with short petioles, longer and sparsely pubescent ligules, elliptic lamina with pubescence on both surfaces, shorter bracts and bracteoles, suborbicular to oblong-obovate labellum with a deep red band at the centre, reddish-pink patch at the tip, short anther, and pubescent ovary. A key to the species of Boesenbergia in Vietnam is provided.
A new diploid species belonging to the Odontophrynus americanus species group (Anura: Odontophrynidae) from the Espinhaço range, Brazil
Authors: ROCHA PEDRO CARVALHO , SENA LETÍCIA MOREIRA FERRAZ DE , PEZZUTI TIAGO LEITE , LEITE FELIPE SÁ FORTES , SVARTMAN MARTA , ROSSET SERGIO DANIEL , BALDO DIEGO , GARCIA PAULO CHRISTIANO DE ANCHIETTA
Published: October 2017

The Odontophrynus americanus species group is a complex of diploid and tetraploid species hardly distinguished by morphological characters. It currently consists of three allopatric diploid species (i.e. O. cordobae, O. lavillai, and O. maisuma) and one widely distributed tetraploid species (i.e. O. americanus). We herein describe a new diploid allopatric species from campo rupestre, a typical phytophysiognomy of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. The new species is distinguishable by the diploid complement of 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes, small to medium-sized dorsal dark brown blotches with low contrast on a light brown background, light mid-dorsal stripe absent or greatly interrupted in most specimens with yellowish coloration as the background of both head and flanks of the body, advertisement call with dominant frequency of 840–1080 Hz, pulse rate of 90.5–106.7 pulses/s, and small tadpoles (TL = 24.30–35.69 mm).
Gastropods from the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous seep deposits in Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: KAIM ANDRZEJ , HRYNIEWICZ KRZYSZTOF , LITTLE CRISPIN T. S. , NAKREM HANS ARNE
Published: October 2017

Eleven gastropod species from seven latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep deposits from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard are described and illustrated. Six new species and one new genus are introduced. Sassenfjordia gen. nov. is tentatively classified as a naticoid and is characterized by a naticiform gross teleoconch morphology and a large protoconch ornamented with spiral ribs, similar to those present in the subfamily Sininae. The patellogastropod ?Pectinodonta borealis sp. nov. represents the oldest occurrence of pectinodontid limpets in chemosynthesis-based associations. The colloniid Hikidea svalbardensis sp. nov. is the oldest confirmed occurrence of this genus so far. The eucyclid Eucycloidea bitneri sp. nov. is the second report of an occurrence of this genus at hydrocarbon seeps (both of which come from the Paleo-Barents Sea). Abyssomelania sp. is the third known, and the oldest occurrence of this genus. Hudlestoniella hammeri sp. nov. represents another occurrence of this genus at seeps in the Paleo-Barents Sea; its current higher-rank assignment is reviewed herein. It may belong either to the rissoids, as previously suggested, or to the abyssochrysoids (or zygopleurids). A fossil identified as Cretadmete sp. is here classified in the Purpurinidae, a family of stem neogastropods or tonnoideans. The heterobranch Hyalogyrina knorringfjelletensis sp. nov. is the oldest occurrence of hyalogyrinids in chemosynthesis-based associations. Several oldest occurrences of seep taxa in moderately shallow-water seeps in Spitsbergen suggest that the previously questioned onshore-offshore hypothesis of seep and vent colonization should be carefully re-investigated.
Photophore counts in the deep-sea commercial shrimp Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Aristeidae), with a revised key to the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus
Authors: CHAN TIN-YAM , KUMAR APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU , YANG CHIEN-HUI
Published: October 2017

The availability of abundant fresh material of Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938 from India allowed the evaluation of the variation in the numbers of photophores on the pereiopods in this species, as well as other diagnostic characters for species discrimination. Although the pereiopodal photophore counts in A. alcocki largely overlap with those of A. semidentatus Bate, 1888, it is found that A. alcocki is unique in the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus by the lower end of the cervical carina considerably farther away from the branchiostegal carina. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed the distinct taxonomic status of the six currently known species in this genus from the Indo-West Pacific and a revised key is provided for distinguishing them.
Are Repeat Buyers in Cryptomarkets Loyal Customers? Repeat Business Between Dyads of Cryptomarket Vendors and Users
Authors: Décary-Hétu David , Quessy-Doré Olivier
Published: October 2017

Organizations involved in the sale of illicit products and services have been described as small, ephemeral, and local rather than global. Given their limited size, such organizations are often unable to attract large pools of customers, but it has been noted that organizations that manage to build a small but loyal customer base are likely to be more secure and to incur fewer risks of arrest and victimization. There has been little previous research into the loyalty of repeat buyers on Internet markets but a new technological innovation, cryptomarkets, makes it now more possible to track transactions between vendors and their customers. This article looks at the level of loyalty of cryptomarket repeat buyers by tracking their purchases over time. We find that, on average, customers make 60% of their purchases from the same vendor and that providing increased amounts of information to customers increases the loyalty of cryptomarket vendors’ customer base.
Exploring the Impact of Different Input Data Types on Soil Variable Estimation Using the ICRAF-ISRIC Global Soil Spectral Database
Authors: Aitkenhead Matt J. , Black Helaina I.J.
Published: October 2017

Using the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry–International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ICRAF-ISRIC) global soil spectroscopy database, models were developed to estimate a number of soil variables using different input data types. These input types included: (1) site data only; (2) visible–near-infrared (Vis-NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy only; (3) combined site and Vis-NIR data; (4) red–green–blue (RGB) color data only; and (5) combined site and RGB color data. The models produced variable estimation accuracy, with RGB only being generally worst and spectroscopy plus site being best. However, we showed that for certain variables, estimation accuracy levels achieved with the “site plus RGB input data” were sufficiently good to provide useful estimates (r2 > 0.7). These included major elements (Ca, Si, Al, Fe), organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity. Estimates for bulk density, contrast-to-noise (C/N), and P were moderately good, but K was not well estimated using this model type. For the “spectra plus site” model, many more variables were well estimated, including many that are important indicators for agricultural productivity and soil health. Sum of cation, electrical conductivity, Si, Ca, and Al oxides, and C/N ratio were estimated using this approach with r2 values > 0.9. This work provides a mechanism for identifying the cost-effectiveness of using different model input data, with associated costs, for estimating soil variables to required levels of accuracy.
Integrated Behavioral Health Care in Pediatric Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Yogman Michael W. , Betjemann Susan , Sagaser Anna , Brecher Liza
Published: October 2017

The top 5 reasons for pediatric office visits in the United States today are behavioral health concerns. This article describes a colocated behavioral health and care coordination integration model in a pediatric primary care office to reduce barriers to behavioral health care.
Cross-National Variation of Gender Differences in Environmental Concern: Testing the Sociocultural Hindrance Hypothesis
Authors: Chan Hoi-Wing , Pong Vivien , Tam Kim-Pong
Published: October 2017

Although it is widely accepted that women are more pro-environmental than men, findings regarding gender differences in environmental concern have actually been mixed. In this study, we attempt to reconcile these mixed findings by considering the influence of sociocultural contexts. Specifically, we propose that some sociocultural contexts tend to hinder the psychological process that underlies gender differences in environmental concern. We tested this sociocultural hindrance hypothesis with an international survey data set (International Social Survey Programme) that involved respondents from 32 countries. We found that gender differences in environmental concern were smaller in societies with higher levels of gender inequality, economic scarcity, power distance, and collectivism. These results highlight the need to examine both the “why” and “when” questions for gender differences in environmental concern. They also indicate the importance of considering not only individual-level variables but also societal-level factors in the study of environmental concern.
Configuring shared and hierarchical leadership through authoring
Authors: Holm Flemming , Fairhurst Gail T
Published: October 2017

How does organizing proceed when leadership is both shared and hierarchical? Who sets the context, how and when do people share influence, and who produces authoritative texts for going forward? Using the lens of authoring claims and grants (Taylor and Van Every, 2014), we display the complex relationship between shared and hierarchical leadership in meeting interactions in a Danish municipality attempting to implement shared leadership. Our findings suggest that issues of time and timing are fundamental to understanding their interrelationship. We highlight discursive devices such as ‘bookending,’ including the creation of authoritative texts, which render the shared and hierarchical leadership configuration an ambiguous space that requires interrogating the nature of leadership attributions. Finally, we demonstrate the relevance of leadership as a concept for both hierarchical and shared decision-making situations.
Mind the gap: Grass roots ‘brokering’ to improve labour standards in global supply chains
Authors: Kaine Sarah J , Josserand Emmanuel
Published: October 2017

While governance and regulation are a first step in addressing worsening working conditions in global supply chains, improving implementation is also key to reversing this trend. In this article, after examining the nature of the existing governance and implementation gaps in labour standards in global supply chains, we explore how Viet Labor, an emerging grass-roots organization, has developed practices to help close them. This involves playing brokering roles between different workers and between workers and existing governance mechanisms. We identify an initial typology of six such roles: educating, organizing, supporting, collective action, whistle-blowing and documenting. This marks a significant shift in the way action to improve labour standards along the supply chain is analysed. Our case explores how predominantly top-down approaches can be supplemented by bottom-up ones centred on workers’ agency.
A Comparison of Stimulus Variability in Lexical Tone and Melody Perception
Authors: Bradley Evan D.
Published: October 2017

Music and language share perceptual resources, and both map sound to invariant categories—invariant over and within speakers for language and over instruments and keys for music. The effects of stimulus variability on lexical tone and musical interval tasks among non-tone language speakers were compared using a matching (XAB) task under varying levels of stimulus variability. Listeners perceived Mandarin words better with single rather than multiple speakers and showed similar advantages in melodic interval perception for low (single instrument) versus high (multiple instruments) variability sets. Lexical tone and musical interval perception were affected similarly by increasing stimulus variability, on average. However, the magnitude of variability effects within subjects was not well correlated between the tasks, providing no evidence for shared category-mapping mechanism for the two domains. Instead, it suggests that crossover between tone and melody processing is driven by shared encoding of acoustic-phonetic features, and that differences in performance and learning by tone language speakers and musicians in the other domain represent progress along a phonetic–phonological–lexical continuum.
An improving agent-based engineering strategy for minimizing unproductive situations of cranes in a rail–rail transshipment yard
Authors: Abourraja Mohamed Nezar , Oudani Mustapha , Samiri Mohamed Yassine , Boukachour Jaouad , Elfazziki Abdelaziz , Bouain Abdelhadi , Najib Mehdi
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, seaports seek to achieve a better massification (massive transportation of containers) share of their hinterland transport by promoting rail and river connections in order to more rapidly evacuate increasing container traffic shipped by sea and to avoid landside congestion. The attractiveness of a seaport to shipping enterprises depends not only on its reliability and nautical qualities but also on its massified hinterland connection capacity. Contrary to what has been observed in Europe, the massification share of Le Havre seaport has stagnated in recent years. To overcome this situation, Le Havre Port Authority is putting into service a multimodal hub terminal linked only with massified modes. In this study, we focus on rail–rail transshipment of this new terminal, specifically on minimizing unproductive situations of cranes to improve crane productivity and to speed up freight train processing. To this end, an improving agent-based engineering strategy called the “crane anti-collision strategy” is proposed and tested using multi-method simulation software (Anylogic). In a numerical study, the simulation results reveal that our developed model is very satisfactory and outperforms other existing simulation models.
A heuristic algorithm based on leaf photosynthate transport
Authors: Bin Yu , Wenxuan Shan , Zhen Guo , Yunpeng Wang
Published: October 2017

Transportation network design is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard due to its attributes of multi-objects, multi-constraints, and the non-convexity objective function. In this paper, a bi-level programming model is proposed for the transportation network design. The upper layer pursues the minimum total travel time of users and the total length of the road network simultaneously, while the lower layer is an equilibrium assignment model. A new algorithm for the network optimization based on the principle of leaf photosynthate transport in nature is proposed. The proposed algorithm simulates the natural selection of biological evolution and genetic transmission. It can retain the genetic idea of the evolutionary algorithm, together with the heuristic information update mechanism of swarm intelligence. Finally, empirical research is carried out with the Sioux Falls network to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that although the total network length obtained by the proposed algorithm increases slightly compared with the ant colony algorithm and the genetic algorithm, the total travel time and objective function value reduce obviously. This indicates that the proposed algorithm has good performance on topology and efficiency.
The lived religion approach in the sociology of religion and its implications for secular feminist analyses of religion
Authors: Nyhagen Line
Published: October 2017

The sociological ‘lived religion’ approach focuses on the experiences of religious individuals in everyday life, whilst also considering the institutional aspects of religion that they may engage with. It emphasizes that individuals do not simply ‘copy’ institutional religious prescriptions; instead, it posits that people have an active and reflexive role in shaping, negotiating and changing their own beliefs and practices. This article examines the implications of the ‘lived religion’ approach for secular feminist analyses of religion in Western contexts. It starts out by proposing three different secular feminist positions on religion: a hard, a mixed hard and soft, and a soft position. The article then examines the views on women and religion forwarded by some high-profile feminist organisations in Europe, and how these relate to the three proposed secular feminist positions on religion. Finally, the article assesses which secular feminist position is most compatible with a ‘lived religion’ approach.
Recasting secular thinking for emancipatory feminist practice
Authors: Reilly Niamh
Published: October 2017

The renewed vitality of religion in political and public life has prompted reconsideration of established ideas about secularisation and secularism. In Western Europe, ethnocentric enforcements of secularism are implicated in oppressive practices directed at minority women and communities while religiously-justified authoritarian movements against rights for women and LGBTQ people continue to emerge. These ‘postsecular’ challenges require recasting secular thinking within a wider re-theorisation of emancipatory feminist practice. This means recognising the positivity of religious subjectivities and norms in emancipatory political projects. It also entails rethinking the nature of the secular state and challenging oppressions emanating from enforced secularism no less than from coerced conformity to religious norms. The Musawah Framework for Action advanced by the Malaysian advocacy group Sisters in Islam is discussed to illustrate how secular thinking can be recast for emancipatory feminist practice to transform narrow Eurocentric accounts of secularism and patriarchal interpretations of secular and religious norms.
Gender, Victimization, and Adolescent Psychological Health in the Context of Migration
Authors: Cheung Nicole W. T.
Published: October 2017

Although gender has become a key dimension in migration research, previous scholarship has largely focused on adult rather than child migrants. Even less attention has been paid to the role of gender in migration-related child health. By comparing rural migrant and urban-born adolescents in the largest city in south China, this study assessed gender differences in psychological health and whether such differences were informed by socially induced victimization stressors and stress-moderation mechanisms related to the social relationships that link migrants to their host cities (local ties) and home villages (translocal ties). Victimization was more strongly correlated with suboptimal psychological health in girls versus boys across the migrant and urban-born samples. Local and translocal ties directly increased the psychological health and buffered the deleterious effect of victimization for migrant girls; yet, the roles of these ties were less notable in migrant boys. These results indicate gendered susceptibility to social stress in migrant adolescents.
Pathways of Running Away Among Belgian Youth
Authors: Glowacz Fabienne , Léonard Julie , Courtain Audrey
Published: October 2017

Runaway behaviors among teenagers have been studied for some 40 years. Still, because runaway and homeless youths have often been confounded, little is known about what really defines a runaway adolescent. This study targets three objectives in a mixed-method design relying on data from official files and interviews: the descriptions of teenagers reported as missing (e.g., age, sex, runaway duration and reiteration, place left behind, type of caller reporting the child as missing, motivation for closing the file) and the understanding of runaway pathways and dynamics. These studies can contribute to prevention and intervention programs by providing new perspectives on how runaway experiences should be understood in light of the adolescent process.
Asking About Pets Enhances Patient Communication and Care: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hodgson Kate , Darling Marcia , Freeman Douglas , Monavvari Alan
Published: October 2017

This research explored whether asking patients about their pets would enable better environmental/social history taking, and improve patient communication/care. Primary health care providers (PHPs) were surveyed about prevalence of patients living with pets, the health impact of pets, and influences on patient communication. Following an educational intervention, they committed to asking patients about their pets. A follow-up survey was conducted electronically. PHPs were recruited at a continuing medical education (CME) conference and at CME workshops. All 225 participants were PHPs. At the conference, participants were educated one-on-one about the clinical relevance of pets in the family. CME sessions were large or small group teaching. Baseline and final surveys measured awareness of pets in patients’ families, assessment of determinants of health, impact on rapport with patients, and patient care. A sign test assessed difference in scores using repeated-measures analysis. Binomial outcomes were assessed using Fisher’s exact test. Comments were themed. Ninety-four PHPs (42%) completed the study. Pet-related discussions opened communication with patients. Two-thirds of participants identified positive effects on practice and on relationships with patients. PHPs were able to leverage the health benefits of pets (zooeyia) and mitigate zoonotic risk. Asking patients about pets in the family reveals clinically relevant information, improves communication, and strengthens the therapeutic alliance.
Inversion after Clause-Initial Adverbs in Old English: The Special Status ofþa,þonne,nu, andswa
Authors: Cichosz Anna
Published: October 2017

This study is a corpus-based analysis of clause-initial adverbs and their ability to invert pronominal and nominal subjects in Old English (OE) prose. There is a limited set of adverbs, referred to as “operators” in generative studies of OE syntax, which may cause inversion of personal pronoun subjects; these are þa, þonne, nu, and swa. In this study, numerous differences between the syntactic behavior of these adverbs are revealed, showing that they should not be treated as a syntactically coherent group. The analysis is focused on various factors that have an impact on inversion rates of the adverbs: the presence of the interjection hwæt before the adverb the frequency of correlation, Latin influence on translated texts, information status of the subject, semantic differences and the extra-clausal status of the adverb, as well as diachronic changes within the OE period.
The Second Coming
Authors: McCorkel Jill
Published: October 2017

Over the course of the last two decades, drug treatment programming has become increasingly privatized in the U.S. correctional system. Drug treatment and related rehabilitative and reentry services are a multibillion dollar (USD) a year industry. In this article, I trace the origin of this transformation to an unlikely source: women’s prisons during the War on Drugs. Correctional facilities for women provided a useful testing ground for new models of carceral drug treatment at a time when rehabilitation was otherwise rejected by policy makers as too “soft” a response to crime and drug use. Gendered assumptions about punishment, rehabilitation, and addiction coupled with racial hierarchies governing punishment policies paved the way for private vendors to develop, market, and ultimately expand carceral drug treatment to a broad array of correctional venues and populations. To make this case, I analyze ethnographic data collected from one such private vendor and demonstrate how they utilized assumptions about gender and race to upend more traditional models of prison profiteering and pioneered the means through which rehabilitation could operate in service of profit.
Young and at risk? Consequences of job insecurity for mental health and satisfaction among labor market entrants with different levels of education
Authors: Klug Katharina
Published: October 2017

Young workers are often temporarily employed and thus likely to experience job insecurity. This study investigates associations of objective job insecurity (i.e., temporary employment) and subjectively perceived job insecurity with mental health, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among young workers, testing the moderating role of education. The longitudinal analysis based on 1522 labor market entrants from the German Socio-Economic Panel revealed that subjective job insecurity was associated with decreased mental health and lower satisfaction, whereas objective job insecurity was not. Three levels of education were differentiated: university degree, vocational training and low-qualified. There was weak evidence that those with vocational qualifications were more vulnerable to subjective job insecurity than either the low-qualified or university graduates. The results suggest that irrespective of education, detrimental consequences of subjective job insecurity emerge early in the career. Access to secure employment should be improved for young workers to prevent early dissatisfaction and impairment of their mental health.
The effects of changes in job insecurity on daily consumption and major life decisions
Authors: Lozza Edoardo , Castiglioni Cinzia , Bonanomi Andrea
Published: October 2017

Traditionally, research on job insecurity (JI) has focused on organizational consequences and employees’ psychophysical well-being. However, some recent studies explored potential extraorganizational outcomes of JI in relation to consumption and major life decisions. The present study, drawing on Conservation of Resource Theory, overcomes the limits of previous works by examining the effects of changes in JI through a simulation experiment design. Using a sequence of two different scenarios, 377 participants were asked to evaluate their JI and their inclination towards daily consumption and some major life decisions. Findings confirm that changes in JI affect such extraorganizational outcomes. It is also suggested that an improvement in job security leads to an increase in both consumption and major life decisions, which – in absolute values – is higher compared to the decrease that follows a reduction of job security.
Sources of Error in IRT Trait Estimation
Authors: Feuerstahler Leah M.
Published: October 2017

In item response theory (IRT), item response probabilities are a function of item characteristics and latent trait scores. Within an IRT framework, trait score misestimation results from (a) random error, (b) the trait score estimation method, (c) errors in item parameter estimation, and (d) model misspecification. This study investigated the relative effects of these error sources on the bias and confidence interval coverage rates for trait scores. Our results showed that overall, bias values were close to 0, and coverage rates were fairly accurate for central trait scores and trait estimation methods that did not use a strong Bayesian prior. However, certain types of model misspecifications were found to produce severely biased trait estimates with poor coverage rates, especially at extremes of the latent trait continuum. It is demonstrated that biased trait estimates result from estimated item response functions (IRFs) that exhibit systematic conditional bias, and that these conditionally biased IRFs may not be detected by model or item fit indices. One consequence of these results is that certain types of model misspecifications can lead to estimated trait scores that are nonlinearly related to the data-generating latent trait. Implications for item and trait score estimation and interpretation are discussed.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Global Analysts’ Coverage of Family Firms in an Emerging Market
Authors: Luo Xiaowei Rose , Jeong Young-Chul , Chung Chi-Nien
Published: October 2017

How do analysts make decisions about which firms to cover? Previous research has not considered how such decisions can be influenced by cultural understandings about appropriate forms of corporate governance. Drawing upon the institutional logics perspective, we propose that analyst firms’ home-country institutional logics of corporate governance can shape analyst perception of coverage risks for family firms. Specifically, we argue that given the negative view towards family governance in shareholder-based logic, family firms are less likely to be covered by analyst firms from shareholder-based countries than by those from stakeholder-based countries. Furthermore, the coverage divergence between shareholder- and stakeholder-based analyst firms will be greater for family firms featuring higher risks of value assessment and expropriation. We test our framework in the context of global analysts’ coverage of publicly listed firms in Taiwan between 1996 and 2005 and find empirical support. Our study contributes to the institutional logics perspective by establishing the implications of corporate governance logics for analyst coverage and providing a boundary condition for agency theory. We also uncover a less-noted source of institutional variation among the analyst community.
Accounting for State Authorization in Local Economic Development Policy Usage
Authors: Stokan Eric J.
Published: October 2017

This article empirically tests the impact of failing to account for state-level authorization when explaining the factors that lead municipalities to use tax abatements, tax increment financing, and enterprise zones. Although existing research implicitly assumes that state-level authorization exists, this article demonstrates that this unfounded assumption leads to biased estimates using the 1999, 2004, and 2009 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) Economic Development Survey data on a nationwide set of municipalities. This article refines what is known about the factors, leading to the usage of these three policies before offering implications for practitioners and researchers of local economic development.
From Social Integration to Social Isolation: The Relationship Between Social Network Types and Perceived Availability of Social Support in a National Sample of Older Canadians
Authors: Harasemiw Oksana , Newall Nancy , Shooshtari Shahin , Mackenzie Corey , Menec Verena
Published: October 2017

It is well-documented that social isolation is detrimental to health and well-being. What is less clear is what types of social networks allow older adults to get the social support they need to promote health and well-being. In this study, we identified social network types in a national sample of older Canadians and explored whether they are associated with perceived availability of different types of social support (affectionate, emotional, or tangible, and positive social interactions). Data were drawn from the baseline questionnaire of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging for participants aged 65–85 (unweighted n = 8,782). Cluster analyses revealed six social network groups. Social support generally declined as social networks became more restricted; however, different patterns of social support availability emerged for different social network groups. These findings suggest that certain types of social networks place older adults at risk of not having met specific social support needs.