bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching in a Lonely World: Educating Students About the Nature of Loneliness and Promoting Social Connection in the Classroom
Authors: Kerr Natalie A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Loneliness is an epidemic in the modern world, putting millions of people at risk of serious mental and physical health problems. Statement of the Problem: Despite its relevance to many domains within psychology, the topic of loneliness receives little to no coverage in most psychology textbooks. Also, many students struggle with loneliness and may benefit from teachers prioritizing social connection in their classrooms. Literature Review: I briefly review the research on loneliness. I also provide a quick overview of the research on students’ sense of connection and its relationship to academic motivation and performance. Teaching Implications: I discuss ways to incorporate the topic of loneliness into psychology courses and explain how teachers can promote social connection in their classrooms. Conclusion: Psychology teachers should consider educating students about the topic of loneliness (as it relates to the courses they teach) and designing their courses with students’ fundamental social needs in mind.
Batch process monitoring based on global enhanced multiple neighborhoods preserving embedding
Authors: Yao Hongjuan , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Li Wei , Hui Yongyong
Published: September 2021

Batch process generally has varying dynamic characteristic that causes low fault detection rate and high false alarm rate, and it is necessary and urgent to monitor batch process. This paper proposes a global enhanced multiple neighborhoods preserving embedding based fault detection strategy for dynamic batch process. Firstly, the angle neighbor is defined and selected to compensate for the insufficient expression for the spatial similarity of samples only by using the distance neighbor, and the time neighbor is introduced to describe the time correlations between samples. These three types of neighbors can fully characterize the similarity of the samples in time and space. Secondly, considering the minimum reconstruction error and the order information of three types of neighbors, an enhanced objective function is constructed to prevent the loss of order information when neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) calculates the reconstruction weights. Furthermore, the enhanced objective function and a global objective function are organically combined to extract both global and local features, to describe process dynamics and visualize process data in a low-dimensional space. Finally, a monitoring index based on support vector data description is constructed to eliminate adverse effects of non-Gaussian data for monitoring performance. The advantages of the proposed method over principal component analysis, neighborhood preserving embedding, dynamic principal component analysis and time NPE are demonstrated by a numerical example and the penicillin fermentation process simulation.
Transoral Excision of a Large Accessory Parotid Gland Tumor
Authors: Voora Rohith S. , Stramiello Joshua , Funk Emily , Califano Joseph
Published: September 2021

Accessory parotid gland (APG) tumors account for 1% to 7% of all parotid gland neoplasms but are more likely to be malignant than main parotid gland tumors. Management of APG neoplasms entails surgical excision. Four primary approaches to resection have been described in the literature with varying facial nerve outcomes. We report a case of a 4-cm APG pleomorphic adenoma utilizing a transoral approach for excision without postoperative facial nerve injury. A transoral approach is known to mitigate patients’ cosmetic concerns; however, prior reports utilized endoscopic assistance on patients with smaller tumors. We conclude that large APG tumors can be excised through a transoral approach without undue risk to the distal facial nerves, though this transoral approach ultimately may not be appropriate for malignant neoplasms or difficult dissections.
Legal Pluralism in Infrastructural Designs: Alternative Supply Chains in the Moroccan Argan Oil Export
Authors: Turner Bertram
Published: September 2021

This article explores an emergent assemblage in which material semiotics interacts with legal plurality. It is argued that infrastructural designs constitute specific configurations of such assemblages. While research on infrastructure is proliferating in anthropology and STS, law as a constitutive component in all its forms and manifestations has not yet been sufficiently examined from this perspective. Infrastructures enact the ordering of their constitutive components and develop their own specific legal configurations. They combine components from various legal registers with routinized social practices and the normativity of technologies and materiality. Law in infrastructure is thus in itself inherently plural. The article exemplifies what plural law does to infrastructures and how social and legal relations take on infrastructural properties. These plural technolegal entanglements are examined using a case study of one specific strand within the infrastructure of the multilayered supply chain that brings Moroccan argan oil to the global market. This strand emerged in response to the breakdown of a supply infrastructure that was set up as a model development cooperation project.
In-between Solidity and Fluidity: The Reclaimed Marshlands of Agro Pontino
Authors: Gruppuso Paolo
Published: September 2021

During the 1930s the fascist government launched a programme for the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes, one of the largest forested wetlands in Italy. In less than a few years the muddy and uneven ground of the forest was transformed into flat land to be cultivated and into solid surface where three new towns were built. Hegemonic narratives describe the fascist reclamation as a process that imposed a solid form upon the raw materials of nature, thereby establishing an unbridgeable divide between nature and culture, natural and built environment. The article challenges this dualism, drawing on ethnographic and historical materials to explore spatial and temporal zones in-between fluidity and solidity. It suggests an approach in which fluidity and solidity are understood as patterns of social and ecological relations rather than mutually exclusive properties of matter, thus exposing the continuity between them.
Archaeological Stratigraphy and the Bifurcation of Time: Solido intra solidum
Authors: Lucas Gavin
Published: September 2021

The goal of this paper is to explore the ways solidity and fluidity have been articulated in relation to understandings of time and the archaeological record. It reflects on the paradox that led the 17th-century Danish scholar Nicholas Steno to write one of the first discourses on stratigraphy: how can solid objects (such as fossils) occur within other solid objects (rock)? His dissertation ( De solido intra solidum naturalitur contento, 1669) offered the simple solution: the containing solid was once a fluid. However, such a solution came at a cost which still haunts contemporary understanding of the archaeological record: a bifurcation of time into past and present expressed through the ideas of archaeological statics and dynamics. In addressing the way ‘solid fluids’ are entangled with time and archaeological stratigraphy, this paper attempts to draw novel perspectives on all three.
Review of studies on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the acute phase of stroke and the relationship with clinical outcome
Authors: Nogueira Ricardo C , Aries Marcel , Minhas Jatinder S , H Petersen Nils , Xiong Li , Kainerstorfer Jana M , Castro Pedro
Published: September 2021

Acute stroke is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the last decades, new therapies have been investigated with the aim of improving clinical outcomes in the acute phase post stroke onset. However, despite such advances, a large number of patients do not demonstrate improvement, furthermore, some unfortunately deteriorate. Thus, there is a need for additional treatments targeted to the individual patient. A potential therapeutic target is interventions to optimize cerebral perfusion guided by cerebral hemodynamic parameters such as dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). This narrative led to the development of the INFOMATAS (Identifying New targets FOr Management And Therapy in Acute Stroke) project, designed to foster interventions directed towards understanding and improving hemodynamic aspects of the cerebral circulation in acute cerebrovascular disease states. This comprehensive review aims to summarize relevant studies on assessing dCA in patients suffering acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The review will provide to the reader the most consistent findings, the inconsistent findings which still need to be explored further and discuss the main limitations of these studies. This will allow for the creation of a research agenda for the use of bedside dCA information for prognostication and targeted perfusion interventions.
MRS-measured glutamate versus GABA reflects excitatory versus inhibitory neural activities in awake mice
Authors: Takado Yuhei , Takuwa Hiroyuki , Sampei Kazuaki , Urushihata Takuya , Takahashi Manami , Shimojo Masafumi , Uchida Shoko , Nitta Nobuhiro , Shibata Sayaka , Nagashima Keisuke , Ochi Yoshihiro , Ono Maiko , Maeda Jun , Tomita Yutaka , Sahara Naruhiko , Near Jamie , Aoki Ichio , Shibata Kazuhisa , Higuchi Makoto
Published: September 2021

To assess if magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-measured Glutamate (Glu) and GABA reflect excitatory and inhibitory neural activities, respectively, we conducted MRS measurements along with two-photon mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of living, unanesthetized mice. For monitoring stimulus-driven activations of a brain region, MRS signals and mesoscopic neural activities were measured during two consecutive sessions of 15-min prolonged sensory stimulations. In the first session, putative excitatory neuronal activities were increased, while inhibitory neuronal activities remained at the baseline level. In the second half, while excitatory neuronal activities remained elevated, inhibitory neuronal activities were significantly enhanced. We assessed regional neurochemical statuses by measuring MRS signals, which were overall in accordance with the neural activities, and neuronal activities and neurochemical statuses in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome under resting condition. Mesoscopic assessments showed that activities of inhibitory neurons in the cortex were diminished relative to wild-type mice in contrast to spared activities of excitatory neurons. Consistent with these observations, the Dravet model exhibited lower concentrations of GABA than wild-type controls. Collectively, the current investigations demonstrate that MRS-measured Glu and GABA can reflect spontaneous and stimulated activities of neurons producing and releasing these neurotransmitters in an awake condition.
Queering Genocide as a Performance of Heterosexuality
Authors: Vernon Patrick
Published: September 2021

Genocidal violence centrally targets the social bonds that hold communities together. In postcolonial contexts, it is well documented that social relations can be characterised by heteronormativity. Furthermore, postcolonial scholars have done extensive work on demonstrating the link between colonialism and genocidal violence. Responding to a gap in the academic literature, this article interrogates the relationship between (post)colonial heterosexuality and genocide. Seeing queer theory as also relevant to the study of non-queer individuals’ experiences, this article argues that postcolonial genocidal violence can be characterised by attempts to impede heterosexual group reproduction. Using the Rohingya Genocide in Myanmar as an illustrative case-study, it argues that the emergence, character and legitimisation of violence here depended on the construction of heteronormative subject-positions. Furthermore, it argues that genocidal violence reinforces the subject-positions it is rooted in, giving them the appearance of immutable facts. From this basis, the article concludes that postcolonial genocidal violence can be read as a performance of heterosexuality.
Inferior vena cava assessment in term pregnant women using ultrasound: A comparison of the subcostal and right upper quadrant views
Authors: Qasem Fatemah , Hegazy Ahmed F , Fuller John G , Lavi Ronit , Singh Sudha I
Published: September 2021

Point-of-care ultrasound can be used at the bedside to assess the haemodynamic status and fluid responsiveness of a pregnant woman. Previous studies demonstrated that views from the apical and parasternal windows are readily obtainable in labouring women. However, using the subcostal window to assess the inferior vena cava can be challenging because of the gravid uterus. A potential alternative is the right upper quadrant transhepatic window. We sought to compare visualisation of the inferior vena cava via the subcostal and right upper quadrant windows, in full-term pregnant women. This was a prospective pilot study carried out in a tertiary academic obstetric centre. Thirty pregnant non-labouring women at full term were recruited. In each patient, the inferior vena cava was visualised through both the subcostal and the right upper quadrant windows. Time to acquire each image, acquisition success rates and ease of obtaining images were compared for both approaches. Image quality was then reviewed and rated by two independent expert reviewers. There was a significant difference in the time required to obtain each view; subcostal median (interquartile range): 52 (35–59) seconds, right upper quadrant median (interquartile range): 23 (11–55) seconds ( P=0.0045). Operator-defined successful image acquisition was 100% for the right upper quadrant window compared to 80% for the subcostal window. Ease of obtaining the view, as rated by the operator, was significantly easier in the right upper quadrant window compared to the subcostal window ( P <0.0001). Both reviewers independently rated image adequacy to be significantly greater in the right upper quadrant window (73% and 57%) compared to the subcostal window (40% and 10%) ( P=0.0213 and P=0.0005, respectively). Inter-rater agreement ranged between good (Cohen’s kappa coefficient 0.64) for right upper quadrant windows to fair (Cohen’s kappa coefficient 0.29) for subcostal windows. Inferior vena cava visualisation in term pregnant patients may take less time, be easier and provide better quality images when the right upper quadrant window is used compared to the subcostal window.
The characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine-related headache: Clues gathered from the healthcare personnel in the pandemic
Authors: Ekizoglu Esme , Gezegen Haşim , Yalınay Dikmen Pınar , Orhan Elif Kocasoy , Ertaş Mustafa , Baykan Betül
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Headache is a frequent adverse event after viral vaccines. We aimed to investigate the frequency and clinical associations of COVID-19 vaccine-related headache.

Methods

The characteristics, associations of this headache, main comorbidities, headache history following the influenza vaccine and during COVID-19 were investigated using a web-based questionnaire.

Results

A total of 1819 healthcare personnel (mean age: 44.4 ± 13.4 years, 1222 females), vaccinated with inactivated virus, contributed to the survey; 209 (11.4%) had been infected with COVID-19. A total of 556 participants (30.6%) reported headache with significant female dominance (36.1% vs. 19.3%), 1.8 ± 3.5 (median: 1; IQR: 0–2) days following vaccination. One hundred and forty-four participants (25.9%) experienced headache lasting ≥3 days. Headache was mostly bilateral without accompanying phenomena, less severe, and shorter than COVID-19-related headache. The presence of primary headaches and migraine were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine-related headache (ORs = 2.16 [95% CI 1.74–2.68] and 1.65 [1.24–2.19], respectively). Headache during COVID-19 or following influenza vaccine also showed significant association with headache following COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 4.3 [95% CI 1.82–10.2] and OR = 4.84 [95% CI 2.84–8.23], respectively). Only thyroid diseases showed a significant association (OR = 1.54 [95% CI 1.15–2.08]) with vaccine-related headache among the common comorbidities.

Conclusion

Headache is observed in 30.6% of the healthcare workers following COVID-19 vaccine and mostly experienced by females with pre-existing primary headaches, thyroid disorders, headache during COVID-19, or headache related to the influenza vaccine.
Evaluating Commercial Probe Data Quality on Arterial Facilities: Insights From Multi-Year Cross-Vendor Validation
Authors: Vander Laan Zachary , Sharifi Elham
Published: September 2021

This paper summarizes the findings from five years of commercial probe data validation conducted in the United States through the I-95 Corridor Coalition Vehicle Probe Project (VPP), focusing specifically on how travel time data quality on arterial facilities has changed since an initial study evaluated it during 2013 and 2014. Thirteen separate arterial validation efforts were conducted from 2014 to 2018 as part of VPP Phase II (VPPII), and data quality from three commercial probe vendors was evaluated through comparison with reference travel time data obtained via re-identification technology. Using two evaluation techniques—a traditional analysis that summarizes the accuracy of precision and bias error metrics, and a slowdown analysis that quantifies each vendor’s ability to capture major slowdown events—the results from VPPII studies are compared with data quality previously observed from nine validation efforts during Phase I (VPPI) from 2013 to 2014. The results show clear improvement in VPPII accuracy levels and suggest that commercial travel time data sets are suitable for many planning and operations applications.
Personality Traits and Perceptions of Major Life Events
Authors: Rakhshani Andrew , Lucas Richard E. , Donnellan M. Brent , Fassbender Ina , Luhmann Maike
Published: September 2021

Research examining the associations between major life events and personality trait development is mixed. Work that evaluates perceptions of life events and how those perceptions are themselves associated with personality traits may help clarify the existing literature. We used a large student sample ( N = 1,509) and a demographically diverse sample from a Qualtrics panel ( N = 552) to conduct exploratory analyses examining the associations between the big five personality traits and perceptions of life events. Results suggested that (a) associations between personality and beliefs about event-related personality change differ between students and more representative samples, (b) associations between personality and event perceptions are often nuanced, and (c) event perceptions are not merely proxies for personality traits. These studies highlight the importance of subjective event perceptions in the study of major life events and personality.
Impact of assistance on peritonitis due to breach in aseptic procedure in diabetic patients: A cohort study with the RDPLF data
Authors: Béchade Clémence , Lanot Antoine , Guillouët Sonia , Ficheux Maxence , Boyer Annabel , Lobbedez Thierry
Published: September 2021

Background:

Diabetic patients often have physical impairment that could lead to manipulation errors in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and touch contamination. Nurse assistance in diabetic PD patients is known to help prevent peritonitis. We made the hypothesis that this lower risk of peritonitis was observed thanks to prevention of breach in aseptic procedure. We evaluated the impact of nurse-assisted PD on specific causes of peritonitis, especially on peritonitis due to a breach in aseptic procedure.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study of the data from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry. All diabetic patients older than age 18 years starting PD in France between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2015 were included in the study. The event of interest was the first peritonitis event due to a breach in aseptic procedure. Death, kidney transplantation and peritonitis due to another mechanism were considered as competing events. We examined the association of the covariates with all the possible outcomes using a subdistribution hazard model developed for survival analysis in the presence of competing risks.

Results:

Four thousand one hundred one diabetic patients incident in PD were included in the study. At least one peritonitis event occurred in 1611 patients over the study period. A breach in aseptic procedure was reported in 441/1611 cases (27.3%): 209/575 (36.3%) in the self-care PD group, 56/217 (25.8%) in the family-assisted PD group and 176/819 (21.5%) in the nurse-assisted PD group. Both nurse and family assistance were associated with a lower risk of peritonitis due to breach in aseptic procedure in bivariate analysis. After adjustment on age, modified Charlson index, sex and diabetic nephropathy, patients treated by nurse-assisted PD (subdistribution hazard ratio (sd-HR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.67) and those treated by family-assisted PD (sd-HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.95) had a lower likelihood of peritonitis due to a connection error compared to self-care PD in multivariate analysis. The modality of assistance was not associated with other causes of peritonitis in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

While both nurse-assisted PD and family-assisted PD were associated with lower risk of peritonitis due to a breach in aseptic procedure compared to self-care PD in our study, the protective effect was greater with nurse assistance.
Microstructure modeling of a sintered Al–4Si–0.6Mg alloy extruded at semi-solid temperature ranges
Authors: Nithin Abeyram M , Davidson M Joseph , Rao Chilakalapalli Surya Prakash
Published: September 2021

The microstructure evolution of sintered and extruded samples of Al–4Si–0.6Mg powder alloys at various semi-solid temperature ranges of 560 °C, 580 °C, and 600 °C, holding times of 600, 1200, and 1800 s, and strain rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 s−1 was studied. From the stress–strain curves and metallographic studies, Arrhenius grain growth model and Avrami dynamic recrystallization model have been formulated by means of linear regression. Parameters such as peak strain, critical strain, recrystallization fraction, and material constants have been found using the above equations. The experimental and calculated values of various material parameters agree with each other, indicating the accuracy of the developed model. Finite element method-based simulations were performed using DEFORM 2D software, and the average grain size obtained from experiments and simulations was validated by means of average grain size. The relative density of the compacted specimens as well as the extruded specimens was also simulated. The simulation results showed that large grains appeared at high temperatures and at the bottom of the specimen.
An experimental study on design and performance of a waste heat recovery system with a thermoelectric generator to be used in exhaust systems of motorcycle engines
Authors: Kunt M. Akif , Gunes Haluk
Published: September 2021

Worldwide, motorcycle sales have increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic process. Thermoelectric generators are technologies that can directly convert waste heat into electrical energy in internal combustion engines. In this study, a waste heat recovery system with a thermoelectric generator has been designed for the exhaust system of a motorcycle engine with a cylinder volume of 50 cc. The performance of the waste heat recovery system has been examined under throttle opening of three-fourth and at different speeds, and a thermal model of the system has been created by means of the GT SUITE model. According to the test results, the increase in engine speed caused different temperature differences on the surfaces of the TEG module due to the constant flow of the fan the maximum recovery power has been found as 2.05 W at an engine speed of 6000 r/min and the maximum system efficiency has been found as 2.41% at an engine speed of 4000 r/min. Following minimum temperature differences have been calculated between experimental and GT SUITE thermal model calculations: 14.05 K at an engine speed of 4000 r/min and at [Formula: see text] temperatures; 14.1 K at an engine speed of 6000 r/min and at [Formula: see text] temperatures; and 7.5 K at an engine speed of 5500 r/mi and at [Formula: see text] temperatures.
Augmented asset management in railways – Issues and challenges in rolling stock
Authors: Kumari Jaya , Karim Ramin , Thaduri Adithya , Castano Miguel
Published: September 2021

Managing assets in railway, including infrastructure and rolling stock, efficiently and effectively is challenging. The emerging digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are expected to augment the decision making in Asset Management (AM) and Fleet Management (FM). The AI technologies need to be adapted to the specific needs of any industrial domain, e.g. railways, to facilitate the implementation and achievement of the overall business goals. This adaptation is denoted as ‘Industrial AI’(IAI). IAI for railways infrastructure and rolling stock, is dependent on an appropriate technology roadmap reflecting necessary know-hows. The IAI roadmap aims to provide a strategic and executive plan to augment managing railway assets i.e. ‘Augmented Asset Management (AAM)’. AAM can be applied through an end-to-end secure platform for e.g. data sharing among stakeholders, the development of analytics, and model sharing through distributed computing. AAM in railways can be enhanced through implementation of a generic fleet management (FM) approach. In the FM approach, any population of assets with common characteristics and also the relationship of the asset to the fleet is considered. This paper aims to develop and propose a concept for AAM enabled through IAI and digital technologies to provide augmented decision support through a secure platform, for AM in railways. A FM approach towards a holistic operation and maintenance of assets, based on a System of Systems thinking, for AAM in railways is applied for population of infrastructure assets and rolling stock assets with common characteristics. Finally, a taxonomy of issues and challenges, in the application of AAM to FM in railways is provided. The data for this taxonomy has been collected from railway organizations through iterative rounds of interviews. This taxonomy can be used for research and development of frameworks, approaches, technologies, and methodologies for AAM in railways.
Validation of a commercial human ELISA to measure hyaluronic acid concentration in feline plasma
Authors: Shaw Kaela E. , Bersenas Alexa M. , Bateman Shane W. , Blois Shauna L. , Wood R. Darren
Published: September 2021

Our goal was to validate a human hyaluronic acid (HA) ELISA (Hyaluronic acid plus ELISA; TECOmedical Group) for use in feline plasma. Plasma from 5 healthy cats and 5 critically ill cats was used for validation of the assay. Validation methods performed included intra- and inter-assay variability, spike-and-recovery, and dilutional linearity. All measurements were performed in duplicate. The precision study revealed good intra-assay CV of 7.4–8.9%; inter-assay CV was 3.4–4.2%. Extraction efficiency via spiking tests yielded mean recovery of 89.6%. The assay met criteria for acceptable linearity using 3 serial dilutions. Our results demonstrate that this commercial HA ELISA had acceptable analytical performance using feline plasma and could be a useful tool in the veterinary clinical research setting.
Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Dyspnea Management in Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Zemel Rachel A.
Published: September 2021

As there is a high propensity for patients with advanced malignancy to experience refractory dyspnea, it is necessary for physicians to be well-versed in the management of these patients’ dyspneic symptoms. For symptomatic treatment of cancer patients with dyspnea, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods should be considered. The main source of pharmacologic symptom management for dyspnea is oral and parenteral opioids; benzodiazepines and corticosteroids may serve as helpful adjuncts alongside opioid treatments. However, oxygen administration and nebulized loop diuretics have not been shown to clinically benefit dyspneic cancer patients. Applying non-pharmacologic dyspnea management methods may be valuable palliative therapies for advanced cancer patients, as they provide benefit with negligible harm to the patient. Advantageous and minimally harmful non-pharmacologic dyspnea therapies include facial airflow, acupuncture and/or acupressure, breathing exercises, cognitive behavioral therapy, music therapy, and spiritual interventions. Thus, it is vital that physicians are prepared to provide symptomatic care for dyspnea in advanced cancer patients as to minimize suffering in this patient population during definitive cancer treatments or hospice care.
Examining Empowerment Interventions With Families and Preschool Children: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Borges Rodrigues Sónia , Parisod Heidi , Barros Luísa , Salanterä Sanna
Published: September 2021

Empowerment is a core construct in health behavior and an emerging trend in pediatrics. Although it has been suggested as an approach that may promote the person’s participation in health care decisions and positive outcomes, little is known about the nature and effectiveness of interventions to support empowerment in families and preschool-age children. The aim of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize the evidence on health interventions explicitly using empowerment as an orienting concept with families and their preschool-age children. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through systematic searches of eight databases for articles published between 1986 and January 2019 and included RCTs that addressed empowerment as a health intervention approach or outcome and that studied families with 3- to 5-year-old children. The application of empowerment theory, the family and child involvement, and the use of behavior change techniques (BCTs) were assessed through appropriate frameworks. Ten interventions were identified, and 50% of them showed positive outcomes. Most studies claimed a theoretical base. However, the studies provided limited details on theory application in intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation, and the children’s involvement in the interventions was generally scarce. The most commonly applied BCT was “instruction in how to perform the behavior.” We identified 16 potentially effective BCTs. The evidence was not sufficiently robust to determine the effectiveness of empowerment interventions with families and preschool-age children. Additional high-quality studies are needed to produce clearer conclusions. Our results are useful for the design and evaluation of future interventions.
Consideration of pelvic tilt at the time of preoperative planning improves standing acetabular position after robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hepinstall Matthew S , Coden Gloria , Salem Hytham S , Naylor Brandon , Matzko Chelsea , Mont Michael A
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Approximately half of dislocating total hip arthroplasties (THAs) demonstrate acetabular component position within traditional safe zones. It is unclear if postoperative functional acetabular position can be reliably improved by considering preoperative pelvic tilt. We investigated whether standing cup position targets could be more accurately achieved by considering preoperative standing pelvic tilt in addition to bone landmarks when planning for robot-assisted THA.

Methods:

We reviewed 146 THAs performed by a single surgeon using computed tomography-based 3-dimensional planning and robotic technology to guide acetabular reaming and component insertion. Planning for 73 consecutive cases started at 40° of inclination and 22° of anteversion relative to the supine functional plane and was adjusted to better match native hip anatomy. Planning for the next 73 cases was modified to consider standing pelvic position based on standing preoperative radiographs. We compared groups to determine the rate when cups were placed outside our standing targets of 15–30° anteversion and 35–50° inclination.

Results:

Cup position proved to be reliable in both groups, with 83% of cups in the anatomic planning cohort and 90% of cups in the functional planning cohort achieving standing targets for both anteversion and inclination ( p = 0.227). Variances were lower in the functional planning group: 9.4° versus 15.8° of inclination ( p = 0.079) and 18.3° versus 26.1° of anteversion ( p = 0.352). The range of functional positions was narrower in the functional planning group: 35.7–47.5° versus 31.8–54.9° of inclination and 16.7–35.0° versus 10.1–35.9° of anteversion.

Discussion:

Our results suggest enhanced planning that considers pelvic tilt, when coupled to a precision tool to achieve the plan, can reliably achieve target standing component positions. Considering preoperative functional pelvic position may improve postoperative functional acetabular component placement in THA, but the clinical benefit of this has yet to be confirmed.
Simplified biplanar classification for heterotopic ossification is more predictive of patient-reported outcomes than the Brooker classification after anterior total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Onsen Leonard T , Ouyang Vivian W , Jimenez Andrew E , Monahan Peter F , Lall Ajay C , Domb Benjamin G
Published: September 2021

Background:

Heterotopic ossification (HO) commonly occurs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and can adversely impact clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to propose a more reliable HO grading method that is better predictive of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after THA than the Brooker classification.

Methods:

513 THAs (62 ± 10 years old) were reviewed. The incidence and grade of HO was evaluated using the Brooker grading system and a simplified biplanar classification system (grade 1: ⩾1 cm between bone on both anteroposterior and lateral views, grade 2: <1 cm between bone on either view). The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were collected at minimum of 2 years after surgery and were compared between HO grades using multiple regression models.

Results:

The incidence of HO varied by Brooker grade (grade 1, 23.4%; grade 2, 22.4%; grade 3, 7.2%; grade 4, 0%) and biplanar grade (grade 1: 45.6%; grade 2: 7.4%). The biplanar classification demonstrated higher interobserver reliability than the Brooker classification (κ = 0.95 and 0.91, respectively). Brooker grade 3 HO decreased the mHHS by 6.5 (standard error: 2.7) but did not have a significant effect on FJS or VAS. Biplanar grade 2 HO decreased the mHHS by 9.9 (standard error: 2.7), the FJS by 12.9 (standard error: 4.51) and increased the VAS pain score by 0.81 (standard error: 0.35). The Cox test was used to compare the fit of regression models and determined the biplanar classification was a significantly better predictor than the Brooker classification ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Biplanar grade 2 HO had a significant negative influence on PROs. Contrary to previous literature, these results show clinical significance of non-bridging HO. Compared with the Brooker classification, the biplanar classification has greater interobserver reliability and is more predictive of outcomes after THA.
Collaboration in research: weaving Kaupapa Māori and computer science
Authors: Rolleston Anna K , Bowen Judy , Hinze Annika , Korohina Erina , Matamua Rangi
Published: September 2021

We describe a collaboration between Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand) and Tauiwi (non-Māori) researchers on a software engineering project. Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi) provides the basis for Māori to lead research that involves Māori as participants or intends to impact Māori outcomes. Through collaboration, an extension of the traditional four-step software design process was created, culminating in a nine-step integrated process that included Kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) principles. The collaboration experience for both Māori and Tauiwi highlighted areas of misunderstanding within the research context based on differing worldviews and our ability to navigate and work through this. This article provides context, guiding principles, and recommended research processes where Māori and Tauiwi aim to collaborate.
‘It reminds me that I should stop for the little moments’: Exploring emotions in experiences of UK Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Bullo Stella , Hearn Jasmine , Webster Lexi
Published: September 2021

In this study, we explore how participants articulate experiences of emotions during Covid-19 lockdown in the UK. We posit that emotions fulfil experiential and interpersonal functions, which are construed and conveyed through language choices. An online narrative survey was carried out. About 88 responses were analysed. Participants were from England and Wales. The mean age was 48.9 years old (SD = 62). A mixed-method approach was used. This combined quantitative Corpus Linguistics analysis and qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with linguistic analysis. The findings show similarities to the public health and medical literature that highlight negative emotions, such as fear, distrust and anger in participants. However, we also found positive emotions not considered elsewhere, including happiness, relaxation, safety, optimism for the future and connectedness arising from the thematic IPA analysis. Emotions were construed using language explicitly labelling emotions and language implicitly signalling emotions. Our study highlights implications for managing risk behaviours associated with transmission in public health practices such as social distancing, as indicated by negative emotions. We also bring to light implications with perceived benefits of engaging in protective behaviours and social support central to public health measures, as suggested by the communication of positive emotions.
Formability of wire-arc deposited AISI 316L sheets for hybrid additive manufacturing applications
Authors: Pragana João PM , Bragança Ivo MF , Reis Luis , Silva Carlos MA , Martins Paulo AF
Published: September 2021

This paper is focused on the formability of wire-arc additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel sheets with the purpose of analysing the feasibility of including this material in hybrid additive manufacturing chains involving sheet metal forming operations. Conventional tensile tests performed in specimens obtained from different orientations to the building direction were carried out to characterise the mechanical properties, the strain loading paths and the limiting strains at fracture. Microstructure observations combined with fractography analysis add insight to the results by establishing a link between the forming limits by fracture and the crack opening mechanisms. Results obtained for wrought commercial AISI 316L stainless steel sheets are included for comparison purposes and reveal that the additively manufactured sheets have a much stronger anisotropic behaviour and poorer formability due to their dendritic-based microstructure. Still, the forming limits obtained from the experiments allow concluding that the additively manufactured sheets can withstand large plastic deformations and, therefore, can be used in hybrid additive manufacturing routes.
Reviving democracy: Creating pathways out of legitimacy crises
Authors: Macdonald Terry
Published: September 2021

Over the last several years, democratic citizens and theorists have been grappling with an upsurge in political commentary on the crisis and decline of democratic legitimacy around the world. Increasingly, theoretical attention is turning from the philosophical justification of ambitious moral ideals of democracy, to the interpretation of potentials within existing political practice for democratic renewal and repair. This review article examines three new books at the forefront of this theoretical turn towards engagement with the real-world political dynamics of democratic crisis and revival: Open Democracy by Hélène Landemore; Hope for Democracy by John Gastil and Katherine Knobloch; and Mending Democracy by Carolyn Hendriks, Selen Ercan and John Boswell. It begins by surveying the new contributions of these books – highlighting the importance all attribute to creative political agency as a source of revival in democratic practice. It then discusses several questions left unresolved by these books – concerning the problem of democratic legitimacy, the normativity of democratic standards and the power dynamics undergirding democratic agency – which jointly mark out an important agenda for future theoretical work on pathways out of democratic crisis.
Migration and the critique of ‘state thought’: Abdelmalek Sayad as a political theorist
Authors: Boudou Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This article argues for reading the Algerian-French sociologist Abdelmalek Sayad (1933–1998) as a political theorist of migration. Various contributions have recently called to move away from the court-like assessment of claims by host states and foreigners and to engage more frankly with empirical work more attentive to concrete experiences and power relations. I contend that Sayad’s sociological work constitutes a substantial empirical and normative resource for ethical and political theory of migration, pointing to the persistence of ‘state thought’ and presenting original normative perspectives on emigration, inclusion in democracy, naturalization or postcolonial relationships. Such a reading of Sayad from a political theory perspective would then constitute a prime example of the cross-fertilization of empirical and normative approaches.
Common ground, different path: Ulnar artery access for interventional neurovascular procedures
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad U. , Almulhim Ibrahim A. , Alrashed Abdullah A. , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. , Alghabban Fatimah A. , Al-Qahtani Sultan M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Recently, radial artery access has gained popularity for interventional neurovascular procedures due to patient comfort and fewer complications. However, there are instances where the radial artery approach is not feasible. In such cases, trans-ulnar artery access (TUA) can offer an alternate route. There is limited data regarding neuro-interventional procedures performed via this approach. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of trans-ulnar approach for a wide range of interventional neurovascular procedures.

Materials and methods

The data for all patients who underwent ulnar artery access for diagnostic or interventional neuroradiology procedures was retrospectively collected between September 2020 and March 2021. Patient demographics, procedural details, procedure success, and complications were recorded.

Results

During the study period, 23 patients underwent 24 trans-ulnar approach procedures. The mean age of patients was 50.1 ± 14.2 years. Fourteen diagnostic cerebral angiograms and ten interventional procedures were performed. All procedures were successfully completed via trans-ulnar approach without a switch to alternate access. No major access site complication was observed.

Conclusion

Ulnar artery access is a safe and feasible option for neurovascular procedures. It can be effectively utilized for diagnostic cerebral angiography and a wide range of interventional procedures.
A mixed method study into obstetric sonographer-led-discharge and other forms of sonographer role extension
Authors: Kettlewell LS , Richards SP
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Sonographer-led-discharge was proposed in a maternity unit to provide a holistic service, cut waiting times, ease staffing pressures and increase job satisfaction. This study explored sonographers’ experiences and perspectives of this new extended role and other areas of non-obstetric role extension. Understanding these will inform future practice and the success of the proposed obstetric sonographer-led-discharge and career structure.

Methods

A mixed methodology, cross-sectional study was performed, with a purposive, non-probability sample using an online data collection tool. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 93 sonographers participated in the study. Of these, 25% of sonographers currently practising obstetric ultrasound said they would not undertake the proposed obstetric sonographer-led-discharge role extension although 90% of the participants said role extension provides job satisfaction. Several themes emerged from the data, including job satisfaction, benefits to the hospital, improved patient pathway, time, personal factors, litigation and intra- and interprofessional resistance. A total of 54% of staff currently performing a role extension have experienced either inter- or intraprofessional conflict and only 48.5% said their workload was manageable.

Conclusions

The data collected suggested that, with training and support, the proposed obstetric sonographer-led-discharge role is an appropriate role extension for sonographers. These findings support the premise of the proposed sonographic career structure, although the inter- and intraprofessional resistance identified in the study could form a significant barrier if it is not appropriately considered and managed.
Airing imperium: A historiography of radio governance in South Asia
Authors: Raghunath Preeti
Published: September 2021

The 1920s emerged as a landmark decade in the world history of radio, more particularly in South Asia. About a century later, this paper seeks to stitch together a critical historiography of radio governance in colonial South Asia. In doing so, the paper seeks to unravel colonial constructions, norms and rationalities associated with the modern medium of radio in the South Asian context. This paper draws on the works of Pinkerton, Zivin, Brayne, Potter and gleanings in their work of the autobiographical writings of Fielden and Reith, the first broadcasting controller of All India Radio and the general manager of the British Broadcasting Corporation, respectively, besides some official documents cited in these works pertaining to the goings-on in British South Asia and its broadcasting. Ultimately, this paper seeks to not only historicize the eventual decolonization and democratization that occurred, but also sets the stage to locate, understand and move towards sustainable media governance in a post-2015 world.
‘What do you think it is that makes them who they are’? The connections between Latinx stereotypes, claims of white difference, and characters’ deaths in Breaking Bad
Authors: Bernhardt Mark
Published: September 2021

This article argues that while reliant on Latinx stereotypes in character construction, Breaking Bad (2008–2013) ultimately uses them to problematise American racial categories and conquest mythology. Comparing stereotyped Latinx criminals to the main white character, Walter White (Bryan Cranston), who claims difference, reveals that they share traits. In its use of Latinx stereotypes to transfer focus from difference to sameness, Breaking Bad shifts the imperial gaze to offer a critical view of the regeneration through violence myth, so integral to American western expansionism and central in Walt’s story, in that he dies in his attempt to regenerate by killing his Latinx enemies.