bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety: Implications for using emotion-focused therapy with young adults
Authors: Lee Wooje , Han Dasom , Hagedorn W. Bryce
Published: January 2025

According to emotion-focused therapy (EFT), childhood interpersonal trauma predicts social anxiety in adulthood through internalized shame. While internalized shame is characterized by the negative self-evaluation of the self, the mechanism linking childhood trauma and internalized shame remains unclear. This study examined whether emotional clarity, as posited by EFT, serves as a mediating factor between childhood interpersonal trauma and subsequent internalized shame. Specifically, it investigated the sequential mediating effect of emotional clarity and internalized shame on the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and social anxiety among Korean college students. A group of 202 undergraduate students in South Korea participated in the study by completing self-report questionnaires on key variables. The research model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the model fit was acceptable, explaining 46% of the variance for social anxiety. The indirect effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety via internalized shame was significant at the p < .05 level. The indirect effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety through emotional clarity and internalized shame was also significant at the p < .05 level. The findings support the applicability of an EFT model for working with young adults with social anxiety. Childhood interpersonal trauma can foster a shame-ridden/defective-self scheme, leading to anxiety in social situations where perceived flaws might be ridiculed. Improving one’s emotional clarity is likely to alleviate internalized shame, consequentially reducing social anxiety.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Groundnut Shells: Synergistic Impact Assessment and Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Olatunji K. O. , Mootswi K. D. , Olatunji O. O. , Zwane M. I. , van Rensburg N. J. , Madyira D. M.
Published: January 2025

Consumers’ consumption patterns and the global population’s livelihood have led to an increase in waste streams. Food waste (FW), agricultural residues, and livestock wastes are some of the major waste streams that require effective and economical management. This study investigated the biomethane potential, biodegradability, and synergistic effect index of FW and groundnut shells (GS) co-digestion at mesophilic temperature. FW and GS were co-digested at different mixing ratios. In addition, three kinetic models were evaluated and compared for mono and co-digestion. It was discovered that anaerobic co-digestion of FW and GS improved the biomethane released compared to mono-digestion, and the optimum biomethane yield was noticed at 50: 50 with a 32.28% increase. The C/N ratio and biodegradability of FW were enhanced by adding GS as a co-substrate. Co-digestion of the substrates showed a good synergistic influence and reduced the retention time. Pretreatment of GS may be needed to increase the efficiency of the process. Cumulative biomethane yield was fitted with Gompertz, modified Gompertz, and Schnute models, and all the models fit well for both mono and co-digestion of FW and GS. The model production rate is 23.10, 27.78, 23.49, 18.53, and 16.45 mld− 1, and the coefficient of correlation (R2) ranges between 0.97 and 0.99. Anaerobic co-digestion of FW and GS was found to be a suitable combination for improved biomethane production, and kinetic models were considered to have the capacity to describe the anaerobic digestion of FW and GS.

Graphical Abstract
Robust peptide/RNA complexes prepared with microfluidic mixing for pulmonary delivery by nebulisation
Authors: Ma Cheng , Chow Michael Y. T. , Zhang Chengyang , Goldbaum Paulina , Hsieh Jamie Chien-Ming , Lam Jenny K. W.
Published: January 2025

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) have drawn considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to modulate the expression of specific disease-related proteins. However, it is difficult to find safe, robust, and effective RNA delivery systems suitable for pulmonary delivery to treat lung diseases. In this study, two cationic peptides, namely LAH4-L1 and PEG12KL4, were employed as non-viral vectors for siRNA and mRNA delivery. Four formulations (i.e. LAH4-L1/siRNA; PEG12KL4/siRNA; LAH4-L1/mRNA and PEG12KL4/mRNA) were investigated. Microfluidic mixing method was utilised to fabricate RNA complexes in a controllable and reproducible manner. Upon optimisation of the microfluidic mixing protocol, a vibrating mesh nebuliser was employed to aerosolise the RNA complexes, and their transfection efficiency was evaluated on A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Following nebulisation, inhalable mist was generated for all RNA formulations with mass median aerodynamic diameter below 5 μm. Although the hydrodynamic particle sizes of the RNA complexes were significantly reduced to around 100 nm after nebulisation regardless of the original size of the complexes prior to nebulisation, the RNA binding efficiency and the in vitro RNA transfection ability of all the peptide formulations were successfully preserved with no significant differences compared to the same system before nebulisation. The current result indicates that both LAH4-L1 and PEG12KL4 hold significant potential for future clinical application for pulmonary siRNA and mRNA delivery through nebulisation.

Graphical Abstract
Low compression smart clothing for respiratory rate monitoring using a bending angle sensor based on double-layer capacitance
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuya , Goto Daisuke , Sakaue Yusuke , Okada Shima , Shiozawa Naruhiro
Published: January 2025

In chronic respiratory diseases, continuous self-monitoring of vital signs such as respiratory rate aids in the early detection of exacerbations. In recent years, the development of smart clothing, such as garments equipped with sensors to measure respiratory rate, has been a focus of research. However, the usability and adoption of smart clothing are often compromised owing to the discomfort caused by compression pressure during wear. This study developed smart clothing designed to measure respiratory rate using a low compression pressure. This was achieved by integrating a bending angle sensor, based on double-layer capacitance, into the rib cage and abdomen areas. The accuracy of the respiratory rate measurement was evaluated in 20 healthy male subjects without respiratory diseases. Breathing was measured while the subjects wore the smart clothing and performed breathing exercises in sitting, supine, and lateral postures, following a metronome set between 12 and 30 bpm. To assess accuracy, the respiratory rate measured by the smart clothing was compared with that measured by a spirometer. The recorded compression pressure was 0.77 ± 0.21 kPa, with no subjects reporting discomfort. Correlation coefficients for respiratory rate in the different postures ranged within 0.97–0.99. The mean difference between the smart clothing and spirometer measurements was less than 0.1 bpm. The low mean difference indicated that the proposed low compression pressure wearable respiration sensor, employing a bending angle sensor based on double-layer capacitance, could measure respiratory rate accurately without causing discomfort and within an acceptable error range.
Near‐Automated Estimate of City Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Applied to South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Lu Gongda , Marais Eloise A. , Vohra Karn , Horner Rebekah P. , Zhang Dandan , Martin Randall V. , Guttikunda Sarath
Published: January 2025

Cities in South and Southeast Asia are developing rapidly without routine, up‐to‐date knowledge of air pollutant precursor emissions. This data deficit can potentially be addressed for nitrogen oxides (NOx) by deriving city NOx emissions from satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sampled under windy conditions. NO2 plumes of isolated cities are aligned along a consistent wind‐rotated direction and a best‐fit Gaussian is applied to estimate emissions. This approach currently relies on non‐standardized choice of upwind, downwind, and across‐wind distances from the city center, resulting in fits that often fail or yield non‐physical parameters. Here, we propose an automated approach that defines many combinations of distances yielding 54 distinct sampling boxes that we test with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 observations over 19 isolated cities in South and Southeast Asia. Our approach is efficient, uses open‐source software, is adaptable to many cities, standardizes and eliminates sensitivity to sampling box choice, increases success of deriving emissions from 40% to 60% with one sampling box to 100% (all 19 cities) with 54, and yields emissions consistent with the current manual approach. We estimate that the annual emissions range from 15 ± 5 mol s−1 for Bangalore (India) to 125 ± 41 mol s−1 for Dhaka (Bangladesh). With enhanced success of deriving top‐down emissions, we find support from comparison to past studies and inventory estimates that top‐down emissions may be biased, as the method does not adequately account for spatial and seasonal variability in NOx photochemistry. Further methodological development is needed for enhanced accuracy and use to derive sub‐annual emissions.
Deep Beneath California’s Sierra Nevada, Earth’s Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: January 2025

Evidence for lithospheric foundering, or the process of denser material sinking into the mantle, is emerging.
Optimising CPAP and oxygen levels to support spontaneous breathing in preterm rabbits
Authors: Cannata Ebony R. , Crossley Kelly J. , McGillick Erin V. , Wallace Megan J. , Croughan Michelle K. , Jurkschat Dominic , Cramer Sophie J. E. , te Pas Arjan B. , Hooper Stuart B. , Kitchen Marcus J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Very preterm infants often require respiratory support after birth with current recommendations suggesting the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 4–8 cmH2O and an initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.21–0.3. We have examined the interaction of high and low CPAP and FiO2 levels on breathing rates and lung aeration in preterm rabbits.

Methods

Prematurely delivered rabbits (29/32 days gestation) received CPAP of either 5cmH2O (5CPAP; n = 12) or 15 cmH2O (15CPAP; n = 14), and a FiO2 of either 0.3 (5CPAP/0.3, n = 6 or 15CPAP/0.3, n = 7) or 0.6 (5CPAP/0.6, n = 6 or 15CPAP/0.6, n = 7). Breathing rates, lung aeration (functional residual capacity; FRC), lung bulging and air accumulation in the stomach were measured using phase-contrast X-ray imaging.

Results

Kittens receiving 0.6 FiO2 had higher breathing rates (5CPAP/0.6: 32.6±6.4 breaths/min; p = 0.0064 and 15CPAP/0.6: 36.9±3.5breaths/min; p = 0.0010) than 5CPAP/0.3 kittens (11.8±4.1breaths/min). Kittens receiving 15CPAP/0.6 tended to have higher FRC volumes (34.9±4 mL/kg) than kittens receiving 5 cmH2O CPAP (5CPAP/0.3: 13.1±6mL/kg; p = 0.0675 and 5CPAP/0.6: 13.5±6 mL/kg; p = 0.1720) and 15CPAP/0.3 (22.5 ± 6.6 mL/kg; p = 0.4245). Lung bulging and air accumulation in the stomach were not different between groups.

Conclusion

Preterm rabbits supported with both 15 cmH2O CPAP and 0.6 FiO2 increased spontaneous breathing rates and lung aeration without increasing the risk of air in the stomach or lung bulging.

Impact

While current guidelines recommend the use of low CPAP (4–8 cmH2O) and low FiO2 levels (0.21–0.3 FiO2) to support preterm infants at birth, the optimum levels are unknown.

This study has shown that 15 cmH2O of CPAP and FiO2 of 0.6 improved lung aeration and breathing in preterm rabbits, compared with a CPAP of 4 cmH2O and FiO2 of 0.3.

These results add to the evidence indicating that initial high CPAP and high FiO2 levels, followed by titration of both, enhance respiratory support for preterm newborns.
piR-26441 inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer through m6A modification by interacting with YTHDC1
Authors: Yuan Jing , Xie Bu-Min , Ji Yu-Meng , Bao Hai-Juan , Wang Jie-Lin , Cheng Jia-Chen , Huang Xiang-Chun , Zhao Yang , Chen Shuo
Published: January 2025

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous cancer. In contrast to other tumor cells, which rely primarily on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) as their energy source, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is also one of its major metabolic modes. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play a regulatory function in various biological processes in tumor cells. However, the role and mechanisms of piRNAs in OC and mitochondrial OXPHOS remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that piR-26441 was aberrantly downregulated in OC, and its overexpression suppressed the malignant features of OC cells and tumor growth in a xenograft model. Moreover, overexpression of piR-26441 significantly reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS levels in OC cells. Furthermore, piR-26441 directly binds to and upregulates the expression of YTHDC1 in OC cells. piR-26441 also increased m6A levels, thereby interacting with YTHDC1 to destabilize the mRNA of TSFM. The resultant TSFM loss reduced mitochondrial complex I activity and mitochondrial OXPHOS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in OC cells, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and thus, DNA damage and apoptosis in OC cells, thereby inhibiting OC progression. Additionally, ago-piR-26441 suppressed tumor growth and mitochondrial metabolism in the patient-derived organoid model. Altogether, piR-26441 could inhibit OC cell growth via the YTHDC1/TSFM signaling axis, underscoring its significant importance in the context of OC, as well as offering potential as a therapeutic target.
CDK14 regulates the development and repair of lung
Authors: Chen Jian-wei , Wang Yu-xiang , Gao Rong-rong , Ma Lan-yue , Zhong Jing , Yang Jia-xin , Deng Zhao-hua , Li Yu-yan , Li Xiao-ling , Shu Ya-hai , Guo Wen-jing , Zhou Zi-yuan , Tian Xiao Yu , Ma Jinjin , Liu Yang , Chen Qi
Published: January 2025

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 14 regulates cell cycle, tumor expansion by influencing the downstream targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. However, the function of CDK14 during organ development and regeneration has not been investigated in genetically-modified animals. Here, we found that genetic ablation of Cdk14 influenced pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells during mice embryonic development as well as repair of lung after bleomycin or lipopolysaccharide induced injury. Genetic knockout of Cdk14 and the CDK14 covalent inhibitor FMF-04-159-2 resulted in reduction of pulmonary vessel covered area and epithelial cell number, exhibiting increased mortality and more severe lung damage after injury. Mechanistically, Cdk14 ablation inhibited the proliferation of epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Through RNA-seq analysis of both endothelial and epithelial cells, we found that knockdown of Cdk14 controls the expression of signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) as well as associated genes in interferon signaling. Disruption of Cdk14 interferes with IFN-γ induced lung repair in vivo, suggesting potential crosstalk of CDK14 signaling and IFN-γ pathway. Our work highlights the importance of Cdk14 in lung development and regenerative repair through an uncharacterized CDK14- IFN-γ signaling axis.
Numerous rRNA molecules form the apicomplexan mitoribosome via repurposed protein and RNA elements
Authors: Shikha Shikha , Tobiasson Victor , Ferreira Silva Mariana , Ovciarikova Jana , Beraldi Dario , Mühleip Alexander , Sheiner Lilach
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are essential, and their function of synthesising mitochondrial proteins is universal. The core of almost all mitoribosomes is formed from a small number of long and self-folding rRNA molecules. In contrast, the mitoribosome of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii assembles from over 50 extremely short rRNA molecules. Here, we use cryo-EM to discover the features that enable this unusual mitoribosome to perform its function. We reveal that poly-A tails added to rRNA molecules are integrated into the ribosome, and we demonstrate their essentiality for mitoribosome formation and for parasite survival. This is a distinct function for poly-A tails, which are otherwise known primarily as stabilisers of messenger RNAs. Furthermore, while ribosomes typically consist of unique rRNA sequences, here nine sequences are used twice, each copy integrated in a different mitoribosome domain, revealing one of the mechanisms enabling the extreme mitochondrial genome reduction characteristic to Apicomplexa and to a large group of related microbial eukaryotes. Finally, several transcription factor-like proteins are repurposed to compensate for reduced or lost critical ribosomal domains, including members of the ApiAP2 family thus far considered to be DNA-binding transcription factors.
Structural studies of the IFNλ4 receptor complex using cryoEM enabled by protein engineering
Authors: Grubbe William S. , Zhang Bixia , Kauffman Aileen , Byléhn Fabian , Padoł Kasia , Jung Hae-Gwang , Park Seung Bum , Priest Jessica M. , Özkan Engin , de Pablo Juan J. , Liang T. Jake , Zhao Minglei , Mendoza Juan L.
Published: January 2025

IFNλ4 has posed a conundrum in human immunology since its discovery in 2013, with its expression linked to complications with viral clearance. While genetic and cellular studies revealed the detrimental effects of IFNλ4 expression, extensive structural and functional characterization has been limited by the inability to express and purify the protein, complicating explanations of its paradoxical behavior. In this work, we report a method for robust production of IFNλ4. We then use yeast surface display to affinity-mature IL10Rβ and solve the 72 kilodalton structures of IFNλ4 (3.26 Å) and IFNλ3 (3.00 Å) in complex with their receptors IFNλR1 and IL10Rβ using cryogenic electron microscopy. Comparison of the structures highlights differences in receptor engagement and reveals a distinct 12-degree rotation in overall receptor geometry, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for differences in cell signaling, downstream gene induction, and antiviral activities. Further, we perform a structural analysis using molecular modeling and simulation to identify a unique region of IFNλ4 that, when replaced, enables secretion of the protein from cells. These findings provide a structural and functional understanding of the IFNλ4 protein and enable future comprehensive studies towards correcting IFNλ4 dysfunction in large populations of affected patients.
The first geospatial dataset of irrigated fields (2020–2024) in Vojvodina (Serbia)
Authors: Radulović Mirjana , Marković Miljana , Brdar Sanja , Athanasiadis Ioannis , Mimić Gordan
Published: January 2025

Irrigation is a cornerstone of global food security, enabling sustainable agricultural production and helping to ensure that food is available for people around the world, now and in the future. Mapping irrigated fields provides valuable information for sustainable water management, agricultural development, and environmental conservation efforts. However, the collection of high-quality training data, which is necessary for accurate irrigation mapping remains costly and labour-intensive. To address this, we created a georeferenced regional dataset consisting of location, crop type, and occurrence of the irrigation equipment which are essential information for mapping irrigated fields. Four main irrigated crops were considered: maize, soybean, sugar beet, and wheat. The dataset, consisting of a total of 1256 parcels, is created for Vojvodina, the main agricultural area in Serbia, spanning the period of five years (2020–2024). This study’s goal is to give accessibility to our dataset which further can be explored and used for building or fine-tuning machine learning and deep learning models for the automatic detection of irrigated fields using satellite imagery.
Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils
Authors: Van Goethem Marc W. , Bezuidt Oliver K. I. , Pierneef Rian , Vikram Surendra , Hopkins David W. , Aspray Thomas , Hall Grant , Woodborne Stephan , Hogg Ian D. , Northen Trent R. , Kong Weidong , Daffonchio Daniele , Cowan Don A. , Van de Peer Yves , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Makhalanyane Thulani P.
Published: January 2025

Antarctic environments are dominated by microorganisms, which are vulnerable to viral infection. Although several studies have investigated the phylogenetic repertoire of bacteria and viruses in these poly-extreme environments with freezing temperatures, high ultra violet irradiation levels, low moisture availability and hyper-oligotrophy, the evolutionary mechanisms governing microbial immunity remain poorly understood. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we test the hypothesis that Antarctic poly-extreme high-latitude microbiomes harbour diverse adaptive immune systems. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of prophages in bacterial genomes (Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota), suggesting the significance of lysogenic infection strategies in Antarctic soils. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of diverse CRISPR-Cas arrays, including Class 1 arrays (Types I-B, I-C, and I-E), alongside systems exhibiting novel gene architecture among their effector cas genes. Notably, a Class 2 system featuring type V variants lacks CRISPR arrays, encodes Cas1 and Cas2 adaptation module genes. Phylogenetic analysis of Cas12 effector proteins hints at divergent evolutionary histories compared to classified type V effectors and indicates that TnpB is likely the ancestor of Cas12 nucleases. Our findings suggest substantial novelty in Antarctic cas sequences, likely driven by strong selective pressures. These results underscore the role of viral infection as a key evolutionary driver shaping polar microbiomes.
Association between herpes simplex virus infection and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers: analysis within the MAPT trial
Authors: Linard Morgane , Garrigue Isabelle , Vellas Bruno , Coley Nicola , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Ashton Nicholas James , Payoux Pierre , Salabert Anne-Sophie , Dartigues Jean-François , Mazere Joachim , Andrieu Sandrine , Helmer Catherine
Published: January 2025

In vitro and animal studies have suggested that inoculation with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can lead to amyloid deposits, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and/or neuronal loss. Here, we studied the association between HSV-1 and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in humans. Our sample included 182 participants at risk of cognitive decline from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial who had HSV-1 plasma serology and an amyloid PET scan. Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, neurofilament light chain and p-tau181 were also available for a sub-sample of participants. Multivariate linear regressions were performed and stratified by APOE4 genotype. The median age was 74.0 years, 85.2% were infected with HSV-1. Infected participants tended to have a lower cortical amyloid load than uninfected participants (β = -0.08, p = 0.06), especially those suspected of reactivating HSV-1 most frequently (i.e. with a high anti-HSV-1 IgG level; n = 58, β = -0.09 p = 0.04). After stratification, the association was only significant in APOE4 carriers (n = 43, β = -0.21 p = 0.01). No association was found with the plasma biomarkers. The trend toward lower cortical amyloid load in HSV-1-infected participants was unexpected given the pre-existing literature and may be explained either by a modified immune response in HSV-1 infected subjects which could favour the clearance of amyloid deposits or by a selection bias.
Insights into the diverse roles of the terminal oxidases in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111
Authors: Paszti Sarah , Biner Olivier , Liu Yilei , Bolli Kim , Jeggli Sarah Dorothy , Pessi Gabriella , Eberl Leo
Published: January 2025

Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 is an obligate aerobic bacterium which has been isolated from a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient. In CF lungs the environment is considered micro-oxic or even oxygen-depleted due to bacterial activities and limited oxygen diffusion in the mucus layer. To adapt to low oxygen concentrations, bacteria possess multiple terminal oxidases. In this study, we identified six terminal oxidases of B. cenocepacia H111 and constructed reporter strains to monitor their expression in different environments. While the heme-copper oxidase aa

3
(cta) was constitutively expressed, the bd-1 oxidase (cyd) was induced under oxygen-limited growth conditions. The cyanide-insensitive bd-type terminal oxidase (cio-1) was mainly expressed in cells grown on the surface of solid medium or in liquid cultures in presence of cyanide, which is known to be produced in the CF lung by the often co-residing CF pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indeed, a cio-1 insertional mutant was not able to grow in the presence of cyanide confirming the important role of Cio-1 in cyanide resistance. The caa

3
oxidase (caa), was only expressed under nutrient limitation when cells were grown on the surface of solid medium. We also investigated the involvement of two regulatory systems, Anr and RoxS/RoxR, in the expression of cio-1 and cyd. Our data suggest, that, given that Cio-1 is only present in prokaryotes and plays an important role in the defense against cyanide-producing P. aeruginosa, it may be a valuable drug target for treatment of polymicrobial infections in CF patients.
Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Faltings Ulrike , Glaser Björn
Published: January 2025

In the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route, pig iron and steel scrap are used as resources for steel production. The scrap content can consist of many different types of scrap varying in origin and composition. This makes it difficult to compile the scrap mix and predict the future chemical analysis in the converter. When compiling the scrap mix, steel manufacturers often rely on experience and trials. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on XGBoost to predict the chemical element content in the converter. Data from around 115000 heats were analyzed and a model was developed to better predict the content of the tramp elements copper, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus, nickel, tin and sulphur at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process. The study shows that it is possible to predict the chemical element content for tramp elements in the converter based solely on data available in advance and routinely collected without the necessity of additional sensors or analysis of input material. Given the nature of scrap classifications for (external) scrap types, this is non-trivial. Furthermore, an online model was implemented, accessible via a defined synchronous interface, which allows to optimize the use of different scrap types by predicting the chemical content at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process and simulating with new combinations of input material. Not all types of steel scrap are always available. With the model developed, new scrap input constellations can now be created to ensure that the quality of the melt is maintained. However, for very accurate predictions, the data from the upstream processes must be of high quality and quantity. Efficient scrap management, monitoring of the scrap input and confusion checks.
A pathway from fragmentation to interoperability through standards-based enterprise architecture to enhance patient safety
Authors: Wong Zoie Shui-Yee , Gong Yang , Ushiro Shin
Published: January 2025

Creating an ontology is the essential step in natural language processing (NLP). To improve patient safety in this era of generative AI, it is crucial to develop a standards-driven, ontology-based architecture for patient safety that can seamlessly integrate with health systems, thereby facilitating effective detection and monitoring potentially preventable harms in healthcare. This visionary, whole-system approach to patient safety addresses a significant gap in establishing resilient safety systems within the healthcare sector.
Strong-weak dual interface engineered electrocatalyst for large current density hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ke Shaorou , Mi Ruiyu , Min Xin , Zhu Xinyu , Wu Congyi , Li Xin , Yang Bozhi , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Yangai , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao
Published: January 2025

Supported nanocatalysts are crucial for hydrogen production, yet their activity and stability are challenging to manage due to complex metal-support interfaces. Herein, we design Pt@ anatase&rutile-TiO2 with a strong-weak dual interface by modifying TiO2 using high-energy ball milling and in-situ reduction to vary surface energies. Experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong Pt-anatase TiO2 interface enhances hydrogen adsorption. In contrast, the weak Pt-rutile TiO2 interface facilitates hydrogen desorption, simultaneously preventing Pt agglomeration and increasing reaction rate. As a result, the tailored catalyst has a 529.3 mV overpotential at 1000 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.69 times less than commercial Pt/C. It also possesses 8.8 times the mass activity of commercial Pt/C and maintains a low overpotential after 2000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, suggesting high activity and stability. This strong-weak dual interface engineering strategy shows potential for overall water splitting and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, advancing the design of efficient supported nanocatalysts.
Working-class youth participation in climate action: networks, civic experience, and equity
Authors: Naseif Rasha , Haddad Isabelle , Almeida Paul
Published: January 2025

Research on individual participation in climate action largely focuses on middle class environmental activism around protest events. To better understand the expansion of civic engagement on climate issues, more work needs to be carried out on wider sectors of the population. This study examines the drivers associated with involvement in climate action at the individual level with a survey sample of working-class youth of color. The findings suggest that youth embedded in pro-climate social networks, a history of civic engagement, and an equity belief system increase willingness to participate in several forms of climate action, including climate meetings, demonstrations, and inviting others to participate. For larger climate action initiatives to overcome the barriers of participation, linking to specific pools of sympathy in civil society that value economic equality may provide a mass base of support for policies consistent with just transition perspectives.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in a nonmagnetic bismuth monolayer with a high Chern number
Authors: Zhang Zequn , Li Runhan , Bai Yingxi , Zhang Yilin , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Niu Chengwang
Published: January 2025

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) with a high Chern number hosts multiple dissipationless chiral edge channels, which is of fundamental interest and promising for applications in spintronics.
Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed ortho-alkylation/alkenylation of anilides
Authors: Yu Yongqi , Yu Jiajia , Li Yanqi , You Mengdan , Huang Rantao , Kong Weiguang , Chen Ming , Bai Jinjin , Li Wenguang , Li Ting
Published: January 2025

A highly practical and efficient Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C–H alkylation/alkenylation of anilides with maleimides and acrylates was developed, during which a weakly coordinating amide group functioned as the directing group.
Representative modeling of biocompatible MXene nanocomposites for next-generation biomedical technologies and healthcare
Authors: Srikrajang Siwaluk , Kabir Latiful , Sagadevan Suresh , Wijaya Karna , Oh Won-Chun
Published: January 2025

MXenes are a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (Mn+1XnT) that have attracted significant interest owing to their remarkable potential in various fields.
The two-dimensional pressure structure of the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk as probed by multi-molecule kinematics
Authors: Pezzotta V. , Facchini S. , Longarini C. , Lodato G. , Martire P.
Published: January 2025

Gas kinematics is a new and unique way to study planet-forming environments by an accurate characterization of disk velocity fields. High angular resolution ALMA observations allow deep kinematical analysis of disks, by observing molecular line emission at high spectral resolution. In particular, rotation curves are key tools for studying the disk pressure structure and efficiently estimating fundamental disk parameters, such as mass and radius. In this work we explore the potential of a multi-molecule approach to gas kinematics to provide a 2D characterization of the HD 163296 disk. From the high quality data of the MAPS Large Program we extracted the rotation curves of rotational lines from seven distinct molecular species (12CO, 13CO, C18O, HCN, H2CO, HCO+, C2H), spanning a wide range in the disk radial and vertical extents. To obtain reliable rotation curves for the HCN and C2H hyperfine lines, we extended standard methodologies to fit multi-component line profiles. We then sampled the likelihood of a thermally stratified model that reproduces all the rotation curves simultaneously, taking into account the molecular emitting layers ɀ(R) and disk thermal structure T(R, ɀ). From this exploration, we obtained dynamical estimates of three fundamental parameters: the stellar mass M⋆ = 1.89 M⊙, the disk mass Md = 0.12 M⊙, and the scale radius Rc = 143 au. We also explore how rotation curves, and consequently the parameter estimates, depend on the adopted emitting layers: the disk mass proves to be the most affected by these systematics, yet the main trends we find do not depend on the adopted parameterization. Finally, we investigated the impact of thermal structure on gas kinematics, and show that the thermal stratification can efficiently explain the measured rotation velocity discrepancies between tracers at different heights. Our results show that such a multi-molecule approach, tracing a large range of emission layers, can provide unique constraints on the (R, ɀ) pressure structure of protoplanetary disks.
Guiding innovation towards green: the pivotal role of environmental regulations on innovation direction
Authors: Xie Zhuguang , Zhou Qian
Published: January 2025

Green innovation is a pivotal way to achieve both environmental and economic bene- fits. This study constructs an evolutionary game model to validate the Porter Hypothesis from the perspective of guiding innovation resources toward green innovation. The findings indicate that (1) Environmental regulation can reset the expected returns of different innovation directions. When the value gap between different innovation directions exceeds a certain threshold, innovation direction selection strategies will eventually evolve into a dispersed innovation mode. This not only directs in- novation resources towards green but also avoids the problem of innovation direction congestion. (2) Environmental regulation should be positively proportional to the economic value gap of innovation directions and the extent of environmental tax reduction, and inversely proportional to the pollution emission gap. (3) Weaker environmental regulations should be implemented to maximize social benefits when the economic value and pollution emission gap are both small. This reduces compliance costs for innovators and achieves higher social benefits. Conversely, when the economic value gap is large, stronger environmental regulations should be implemented to alleviate innovation direction congestion, and ensure resource allocation for green innovation. Therefore, it is essential to reasonably adjust the environmental regulations to achieve a positive cycle of sustainable development. Additionally, hetero- geneous environmental regulations should be designed and implemented for different industries and types of innovation.
Comparison of Different Methods on Post-Activation Performance
Enhancement: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Li Congying , Su Ronghai , Chen Lin , Wei Wei , Meng Meng , Chen Chen
Published: January 2025

This meta-analysis was aimed to compare the effects of two methods on
post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). We conducted a comprehensive
search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge
Infrastructure from inception to December 2023. Two authors independently
selected the included studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and
certainty evidence. The primary meta-analysis compared the effects of blood flow
restriction combined with resistance training (BFR-RT) and high-load resistance
training (HL-RT) on the indicator jump height (JH) and power output (PO) of
PAPE. The secondary meta-analyses compared within-group differences by gender
and between-group differences between the optimal combined protocol of arterial
occlusion pressure (AOP) combined with resistance load and the HL-RT protocol.
This meta-analysis shows that both BFR-RT and HL-RT significantly improved JH
(standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.20,
0.59]) (SMD=0.34, 95% CI [0.19, 0.48]) and PO (SMD=0.42, 95% CI [0.21, 0.62])
(SMD=0.37, 95%CI [0.19, 0.54]), and there was no significant difference between
them. However, subgroup analysis revealed that in terms of gender, BFR-RT was
more beneficial for PAPE in females, and in terms of combined protocol, BFR-RT
with 50% AOP+30% 1 repetition maximum had the greatest effect compared to
HL-RT.BFR-RT can serve as an effective alternative to HL-RT for inducing
PAPE.
Composite microRNA-genetic risk score model links to migraine and implicates its pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Shih-Pin , Chang Ya-Hsuan , Wang Yen-Feng , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: January 2025

The neurobiological mechanisms driving the ictal-interictal fluctuations and the chronification of migraine remain elusive. We aimed to construct a composite genetic-microRNA model that could reflect the dynamic perturbations of the disease course and inform the pathogenesis of migraine.

We prospectively recruited four groups of participants, including interictal episodic migraine (i.e., headache-free for > 72 hrs apart from prior and subsequent attacks), ictal episodic migraine (i.e., during moderate to severe migraine attacks), chronic migraine, and controls in the discovery cohort. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used for microRNA profiling. The candidate microRNAs were validated with quantitative PCR (qPCR) in an independent validation cohort. Biological pathways associated with the microRNA regulome and interaction networks were explored. In addition, all participants received genotyping with the Axiom Genome-Wide Array TWB chip. A composite model was established, combining disease-associated microRNAs and genetic risk scores (GRS) indicative of genetic susceptibility, with the objective of differentiating migraine from controls using a binary outcome.

From a total of 120 participants in the discovery cohort and 197 participants in the validation cohort, we identified disease-state microRNA signatures (including miR-183, miR-25, and miR-320) that were ubiquitously higher or lower in patients with migraine compared to controls. We have also validated four disease-activity miRNA signatures (miR-1307-5p, miR-6810-5p, let-7e, and miR-140-3p) that were differentially expressed only during the ictal stage of episodic migraine. Functional analysis suggested that prolactin and estrogen signaling pathways might play important roles in the pathogenesis. Moreover, the composite microRNA-GRS model differentiated patients from controls, achieving a positive predictive value of over 90%.

To conclude, we developed a composite microRNA-genetic risk score model, which may serve as a predictive tool for identifying high-risk individuals. Our findings may help illuminate potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying the dysfunctional allostasis of migraine and pave the way for future precision medicine.
Progressive limb hardening in a young woman
Authors: Wang Wei-Yao , Chen Chieh-Hsun
Published: January 2025

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with a 6-month history of progressive swelling and hardening in all four limbs. A thorough assessment, including clinical findings, laboratory tests, imaging studies and histopathological examination, resulted in an accurate diagnosis.
LSD600: the first corpus of biomedical abstracts annotated with lifestyle–disease relations
Authors: Nourani Esmaeil , Makri Evangelia-Mantelena , Mao Xiqing , Pyysalo Sampo , Brunak Søren , Nastou Katerina , Jensen Lars Juhl
Published: January 2025

Lifestyle factors (LSFs) are increasingly recognized as instrumental in both the development and control of diseases. Despite their importance, there is a lack of methods to extract relations between LSFs and diseases from the literature, a step necessary to consolidate the currently available knowledge into a structured form. As simple co-occurrence-based relation extraction (RE) approaches are unable to distinguish between the different types of LSF-disease relations, context-aware models such as transformers are required to extract and classify these relations into specific relation types. However, no comprehensive LSF–disease RE system existed, nor a corpus suitable for developing one. We present LSD600 (available at https://zenodo.org/records/13952449), the first corpus specifically designed for LSF–disease RE, comprising 600 abstracts with 1900 relations of eight distinct types between 5027 diseases and 6930 LSF entities. We evaluated LSD600’s quality by training a RoBERTa model on the corpus, achieving an F-score of 68.5% for the multilabel RE task on the held-out test set. We further validated LSD600 by using the trained model on the two Nutrition-Disease and FoodDisease datasets, where it achieved F-scores of 70.7% and 80.7%, respectively. Building on these performance results, LSD600 and the RE system trained on it can be valuable resources to fill the existing gap in this area and pave the way for downstream applications.

Database URL: https://zenodo.org/records/13952449
Assessment and reporting of extraintestinal manifestations and fatigue in phase 3 inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials
Authors: Chhibba Tarun , Sachdeva Karan , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N
Published: January 2025

Background

Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequently experienced by patients and may lead to severe symptoms and fatigue. However, the reporting patterns of these outcomes in IBD randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not clear.

Methods

We searched placebo-controlled phase 3 RCTs of advanced therapies in IBD and assessed the frequency and means of reporting EIM and fatigue data in these studies.

Results

Thirty-three phase 3 RCTs for Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 16) or ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 16) were identified between 2002 and 2023. While all trials (16/16) in CD collected some EIM data, we could only ascertain 6/16 (38%) collected EIM data in UC trials. Fewer than one-third (9/32, 28%) reported EIM prevalence at baseline; fewer reported the improvement with active treatment (9%). Fatigue was measured in 20/32 trials (63%).

Conclusions

EIM and fatigue data are inconsistently collected in RCTs of IBD. Standardizing collection methods across RCTs would provide greater insight on these agents and their efficacy in treating these manifestations of disease.
Preliminary results of a novel sphincter-sparing technique—fistula occlusion with the internal sphincter flap (FOISF)—for high complex anal fistulas
Authors: Huang Dandan , Wang Ning , Li Yiping , Ren Donglin , Yang Yong , Wei Kaikai , Li Yanzhu , Liu Zhimin
Published: January 2025

Background and aim

High complex anal fistula is a clinical challenge for proctologists and a nightmare for patients. Although the sphincter-sparing approach seems an ideal surgical intervention, there remains room for improvement in treatment efficacy. Herein, we introduce an enhanced sphincter-sparing approach, namely the fistula occlusion with the internal sphincter flap (FOISF), for treating high complex anal fistulas.

Methods

This study evaluated 15 patients with high complex anal fistulas who underwent FOISF between October 2021 and December 2022 in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, P. R. China). Data on success rates, anal function, and various surgical characteristics were subjected to rigorous analysis.

Results

All patients underwent the FOISF procedure, with a median operation time of 53 min. Fourteen patients achieved primary intention healing, while one patient healed by second intention. No recurrence was observed over a follow-up period of 14–30 months. All patients exhibited satisfactory anal continence, with no statistically significant difference observed between preoperative and postoperative Wexner scores (P = 0.331). A significant improvement in the quality of life was observed when compared with the preoperative assessment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The preliminary results of the FOISF procedure present an effective approach to treat high complex anal fistula.
Non-canonical imprinting, manifesting as post-fertilization placenta-specific parent-of-origin dependent methylation, is not conserved in humans
Authors: Daskeviciute Dagne , Chappell-Maor Louise , Sainty Becky , Arnaud Philippe , Iglesias-Platas Isabel , Simon Carlos , Okae Hiroaki , Arima Takahiro , Vassena Rita , Lartey Jon , Monk David
Published: January 2025

Genomic imprinting is the parent-of-origin dependent monoallelic expression of genes often associated with regions of germline-derived DNA methylation that are maintained as differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) in somatic tissues. This form of epigenetic regulation is highly conserved in mammals and is thought to have co-evolved with placentation. Tissue-specific gDMRs have been identified in human placenta, suggesting that species-specific imprinting dependent on unorthodox epigenetic establishment or maintenance may be more widespread than previously anticipated. Non-canonical imprinting, reliant on differential allelic H3K27me3 enrichment, has been reported in mouse and rat pre-implantation embryos, often overlapping long terminal repeat (LTR)-derived promoters. These non-canonical imprints lose parental allele-specific H3K27me3 specificity, subsequently gaining DNA methylation on the same allele in extra-embryonic tissues resulting in placenta-specific, somatically acquired maternal DMRs. To determine if similar non-canonical imprinting is present in the human placenta, we interrogated allelic DNA methylation for a selected number of loci, including (i) the human orthologues of non-canonical imprinted regions in mouse and rat, (ii) promoters of human LTR-derived transcripts, and (iii) CpG islands with intermediate placenta-specific methylation that are unmethylated in gametes and pre-implantation embryos. We failed to identify any non-canonical imprints in the human placenta whole villi samples. Furthermore, the assayed genes were shown to be biallelically expressed in human pre-implantation embryos, indicating they are not imprinted at earlier time points. Together, our work reiterates the continued evolution of placenta-specific imprinting in mammals, which we suggest is linked to epigenetic differences during the maternal-to-embryo transition and species-specific integration of retrotransposable elements.
On Interrelations Between Graph Complexes
Authors: Merkulov Sergei A
Published: January 2025

We study Maxim Kontsevich’s graph complex $\textsf{GC}_{d}$ for any integer $d$ as well as its oriented and targeted versions, and show new short proofs of the theorems due to Thomas Willwacher and Marko živković which establish isomorphisms of their cohomology groups. A new result relating the cohomology of the sourced-targeted graph complex in dimension $d+1$ with the direct sum of two copies of the cohomology group of Maxim Kontsevich’s graph complex $\textsf{GC}_{d}$ in dimension $d$ is obtained. We introduce a new graph complex spanned by purely trivalent graphs and show that its cohomology is isomorphic to $H^{\bullet }(\textsf{GC}_{d})$.