bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Zn(II) metalated chitosan based nano-hybrid: Antioxidant and antibacterial activity
Authors: Singh Puspendra , Arun Shiva , Narvi Shahid Suhail , Kumari Ruby , Dutta Pradip Kumar
Published: January 2025

An efficacious nano-hybrid has been developed comprising of a lacunary polyoxometalate (K8SiW11O39). The lacunary position has been utilized to incorporate alkyl-silane. In alkyl-silane the NH2 group is covalently attached to 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde through Schiff-base reaction and then metalated with zinc salt. After successful metalation it has been encapsulated into chitosan by ion gel technique to develop nano-hybrid. Each step of the reaction has been monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. Insertion of alkyl-silane into lacunary polyoxometalate followed by Schiff-base reaction and metalation of zinc has been confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further the characteristic bands of UV–Visible spectrum have confirmed the final encapsulation into chitosan to develop the nano-hybrid. EDX analysis reveals the successful metalation with zinc and confirms the presence of all elements in their expected stoichiometric ratio. The inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique further supported and confirmed the EDX analysis. The antibacterial activity of initial moiety and nano-hybrid have been carried out against bacterial strains of E. Coli gram (-)ve and B. subtilis gram (+)ve. The nano-hybrid has shown better antibacterial activity as compared to the initial moieties L-POM@Sil-HN and L-POM@Sil-NH-Zn. We have also studied the antioxidant activity of nano-hybrid by DPPH assay method; it has shown excellent activity.
Morphological, thermal, optical, and electronic characteristics of PVA/PVP filled WO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan AH
Published: January 2025

PVA/PVP filled Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles hybrid polymer nanocomposites are fabricated using a simple solution casting technique. The XRD, FTIR, and SEM images signify the effective incorporation of WO3 nanoparticles (NPs) in the PVA/PVP mix host matrix. PXRD study indicated that the incorporation of WO3 nanoparticle concentrations up to 3 wt. percent in the host matrix mix upsurges the crystallinity of the polymer nanocomposites. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bond formation amongst nanoparticles and the PVA/PVP matrix. SEM analysis demonstrates the WO3 nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the PVA/PVP mix matrix. The tangent loss curve's characteristics for different WO3 doping concentrations indicate that PVP-PVA/(x)WO3 nanocomposites represent both relaxations and non-relaxation dipoles. The tangent loss has a relatively steady value above 0.1 MHz, with a minimal value of 0.09208 at x = 3 wt% loading concentration. The result suggests that the nanocomposite functions as a substance with no loss. The capacitance (Cp) among two electrodes on the bottom and top sides of the nanocomposites was evaluated at pressures varying from 80 to 200 bar to explore the application of the pressure sensor. Thermal evaporation of PVA/PVP:WO3 nanocomposites yielded the changing oxygen vacancy percentage as the WO3 level rose. The moisture-resistant performance of PVA/PVP: WO3 nanocomposites ranged from negative to positive. The PVA/PVP:WO3 nanocomposites has shown its significance in fabricating material for optoelectronic devices including humidity sensors. The nanocomposite for x = 3 wt% is thermally stable in all test ranges up to 890 °C. The findings indicate that WO3 in the produced films improved their thermal stability.
Investigating the relationship between non-pathological neck pain and hand grip strength: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alatawi Salem F
Published: January 2025

Background: 

Non-pathological neck pain (NPNP) is neck pain without a known cause. It might weaken the hand grip strength (HGS) by affecting the neck, shoulder, and upper extremity muscles. Head-neck positions (HNPs) can have a significant impact on neck pain. However, no previous study investigated the effect of NPNP and different HNPs on the HGS among healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Objective: 

To determine how HNPs influence the HGS of medical personnel with NPNP.

Method: 

A cross-sectional study recruited 46 healthcare professionals: 21 (45.7%) with and 25 (54.3%) without NPNP. A dynamometer, cervical range of motion, and visual analogue scale measured HGS, HNPs, and NPNPs, respectively. Participants were instructed to squeeze the handgrip dynamometer handle in 90-degree elbow flexion as much as possible from a seated position to measure HGS from the neutral head position (NHP), 40° head neck flexion (HFP40°), and 30° head neck extension (HEP30°). Data differences were analysed using ANOVA. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results: 

The mean HGS for the dominant hand in NHP, HFP40°, and HEP30° was 29.27 (±9.03), 27.24 (±9.08), and 26.37 (±9.32), respectively, while for the non-dominant hand it was 27.45 (±9.62), 25.23 (±9.36), and 24.61 (±10.17). There was no significant correlation between HNPs and HGS. However, the only significant difference was between dominant HGS in the NHP and non-dominant HGS in the HEP30° (P = 0.018). Furthermore, NPNP had no significant effect on the HGS (P = 0.325).

Conclusion: 

NPNP had no significant influence on HGS in any of the three HNPs for either hand. Future studies should include other HNPs and other potential variables such as age, gender, weight, and pain intensity.
Re-reading Pistorius. How Do Hegemonic Masculinity, Celebrity Status, and Affective Atmosphere Help Us Understand Pistorius's Crime?
Authors: Nosal Przemysław , Organista Natalia
Published: January 2025

Oscar Pistorius's parole in January 2024 offers a new perspective on the South African runner. This article examines Pistorius within the context of social factors that influenced his behavior and the murder of Reeva Steenkamp. Drawing on Connell's gender order theory, Messner's triad of violence, and affective atmosphere, it reveals how Pistorius, despite his disability, embraced hegemonic masculinity and became a sports star. The case highlights professional men’s sports as a potential risk factor for violent behavior but underscores the need for contextualizing violence in sports, as predicting its occurrence is complex.
The Lived Experiences of Mothers Living with HIV in West Papua, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nuryanti Yayuk , Kombong Paulina , Susantie Niluh Gede
Published: January 2025

Mothers living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may experience adjustment issues due to their illness progression and the risk of intergenerational transmission of the disease. Existing research on women living with HIV has focused on how psychological transitions such as child care and breastfeeding influence maternal life, and how socioeconomic status, stigma, and social support impact psychological transitions. Little is known about the experiences of mothers living with HIV in Indonesia. This study employed interpretive phenomenological methods to learn about the experiences of mothers living with HIV in West Papua, Indonesia. Twenty mothers with HIV were invited to participate in a study at a public health center. Themes identified were emotional reaction to HIV diagnosis, destruction of relationships, treatment burden, emotional coping, motherhood, and uncertainty about their child's future status. Formal and informal peer-led support groups may be practical tools for increasing partner communication and antiretroviral therapy uptake and decreasing HIV vertical transmission, especially in low-resource contexts.
Effect of the prolene ripcord suture on the baerveldt tube position: A case study
Authors: Ng Jia Y , Nigam Chandni , Trikha Sameer , Kulkarni Avinash , Lascaratos Gerassimos
Published: January 2025

A 42 year old Afro-Caribbean man underwent Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI) surgery for silicone oil induced glaucoma. Three months following initial surgery, the 3–0 prolene ripcord suture was removed. Anterior segment OCT demonstrates the position of the intracameral portion of the tube before and after the 3/0 prolene stent suture (PSS) removal. Ex-vivo experiments further demonstrate the variation in tube position using straight vs curved segments of 3/0, 4/0 and 5/0 PSS passed through the BGI lumen. Glaucoma tube surgeons should consider how the rigid nature of the prolene stent suture could influence the position of non-valved tubes within the eye, both during tube implantation and after prolene suture removal.
A nomogram for predicting central venous catheter-related infections in maintenance hemodialysis: A 4-year single-center study
Authors: Guo Zi-qing , Zhao Meng-han , Zhang Bing , Qi Qi , Ma Yao-yao , Liu Jin-ping , Mao Yi-ping
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting central venous catheter-related infections (CRI) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods:

MHD patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) visiting the outpatient hemodialysis (HD) center of Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected through a HD monitoring system. Patient data were collected, and the patients were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The training set was used to establish the model, which was verified using the validation set. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for central venous CRI and develop a nomogram prediction model.

Results:

A total of 300 MHD patients were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that catheter duration, catheter site, catheter reinsertion, history of catheter infection, diabetes, and albumin <35 g/L were risk factors for central venous CRI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the training set was 0.902 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.862–0.941), with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 80%, and a Youden index of 65.7%, and that for the validation set was 0.826 (95% CI = 0.726–0.905), with a sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 77.9%, and a Youden index of 58.4%. The model demonstrated good discrimination and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test statistics: training set: χ2 = 4.709, p = 0.788; validation set: χ2 = 7.171, p = 0.518).

Conclusion:

This study identified six risk factors associated with central venous CRI in MHD patients. This predictive model demonstrates good prognostic performance and can be used by clinicians to screen for high-risk patients with central venous CRI, thereby enabling the early implementation of risk management strategies.
Neuroprotective effects of chitinase-1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide on Alzheimer's disease by promoting lysosomal function
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Yu Weihua , Lv Yang
Published: January 2025

Background

The amyloid cascade hypothesis still dominates in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the acceleration of the clearance efficiency of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been always considered as an effective treatment option to slow the occurrence and progression of AD.

Objective

This study aims to explore the role of zkscan3 and its related pathways in AD of the microglia-mediated pathogenesis, and whether the combined effect of drugs can exert neuroprotective function.

Methods

N9 mouse microglia and HT-22 mouse hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups, qRT-PCR technique was used to detect the gene expression level of zkscan3 and the genes related to lysosome generation and function. Fourteen C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups, and drug intervention model mice were randomly selected to establish from the AD group. Transmission electron microscope was used to detect the cell status and lysosome function in the hippocampus together with the other two groups.

Results

Compared with the AD model group, the gene expression of zkscan3 in the drug intervention group was downregulated, and the degree of neuronal injury in the hippocampus was reduced, the structure and number of synapses were improved, and the function of intracellular lysosome was enhanced.

Conclusions

Zkscan3 and its related genes play a vital role in the development of AD. CGRP and CHIT-1, as a combined intervention, imparts effects through zkscan3-related pathways to improve lysosomal function and exert certain neuroprotective effects.
Associations between potential risk factors and blood-brain barrier water permeability in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Tee Mervin , Padrela Beatriz E , Dupeyron Margaux , Huang Jiannan , Low Marcus , Konstandin Simon , Eickel Klaus , Günther Matthias , Minta Karolina , Schinazi Victor R , Colombo Giorgio , Petr Jan , Mutsaerts Henk JMM , Hilal Saima
Published: January 2025

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is suggested to be a potential mediator between vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment, leading to vascular cognitive impairment. Objective: To investigate the relationships between age, sex, and vascular risk factors and BBB water permeability as well as their relationship with cognition. Methods: To measure BBB permeability, a novel arterial spin labelling MRI technique (ME-ASL) was applied to derive the time of exchange (Tex), arterial time transit (ATT), and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The association of potential risk factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and medical history, with these BBB parameters were assessed in 144 community-dwelling adults (median age 59 years, 57% females). The relationship between BBB permeability and cognitive performance measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was also assessed. Results: We found that increased BMI was significantly associated with decreased CBF (β = −0.06). Systolic BP and diastolic BP showed significant associations with all ASL parameters; systolic BP was negatively correlated with Tex (β = −0.02) and CBF (β = −0.01) but positively with ATT (β = 0.02). Diastolic BP was negatively associated with Tex (β = −0.03) and CBF (β = −0.03) but positively with ATT (β = 0.03). MoCA scores had a borderline significant association with Tex (OR = 1.51) and a significant association with CBF (OR = 1.84), which became non-significant after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: These outcomes underscore the potential of using ME-ASL, warranting further research to strengthen these findings.
Effect of Muscular Models in Men’s Fitness Magazines on Visual Attention and Behaviour
Authors: Ang Dominic , Leng Ho Keat
Published: January 2025

Men’s fitness magazines often employ muscular models as a marketing strategy. The aim of this study is to examine how these models in men’s fitness magazines affect visual attention and behaviour. Male undergraduate students viewed a mock-up of a men’s fitness magazine with either a muscular or non-muscular model. Participants’ visual attention was measured using an eye tracker. It was found that the muscular model was more visually attractive as participants viewed the muscular model for a longer period of time compared to the non-muscular model. In addition, participants who were dissatisfied with their body were more likely to be affected by the muscular model to engage in higher levels of physical activity. However, the muscular model did not affect perceptions of quality and usefulness of the magazine. This suggests that the use of muscular models in men’s fitness magazines is limited to only capturing visual attention among readers.
Predicting metabolic syndrome: Machine learning techniques for improved preventive medicine
Authors: Goldman Orit , Ben-Assuli Ofir , Ababa Shimon , Rogowski Ori , Berliner Shlomo
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a significant impact on health. MetS is the umbrella term for a group of interdependent metabolic threats that contribute to the emergence of diseases that can lead to death. This study was designed to better predict the risks associated with MetS to enable medical personnel to make more optimal preventive medical decisions. Study design: Data from a large hospital survey database was used to train data mining classification techniques to predict patient-level risk subsequent to extensive data engineering that included aggregating predictors from multiple visits. Methods: A prospective group of seemingly healthy volunteers from the database was studied based on data obtained during their regular annual health checkups. Results: After aggregating the variables over time, the findings indicated that the predictive power of our model outperformed methods presented in other studies (AUC = 0.947). Specific lifestyle factors were identified as contributing to MetS. Conclusion: Involvement to avoid recurring diseases can significantly decrease medical problems and treatment expenses. The findings emphasize the importance of using predictive tools in healthcare and preventive medicine. The results can be used for future prevention strategies that encourage lifestyle changes and implement directed medical treatment protocols to decrease the burden of illness.
Study Protocol MEDIMIG: Improving MEDical Decision-Making in MIGrant Populations Within a Super-diverse Society: Challenges and Legal Opportunities
Authors: Van Eekert N. , Bombeke K. , Buffel V. , Łotoczuk M. , Van de Velde S. , van Olmen J. , Van Royen P. , Vansweevelt T. , Vermijs F. , Wouters E. , Yakhlaf A. , Van Assche K.
Published: January 2025

Background: European society is becoming increasingly diverse due to high levels of migration. Persons with a migration background, especially those from non-western countries, may experience significant challenges when they seek medical care. Some of the main issues arise in the context of medical decision-making (MDM), where cultural preferences for close family involvement may be difficult to reconcile with the western model of medicine, as enshrined in health law and medical deontology. Aim: In this study we aim to shed light on the preferences of both patients and GPs regarding information disclosure and MDM responsibility, while also exploring how these preferences can be accommodated within the existing legal framework. Design: This study is multidisciplinary and brings together state-of-the-art expertise in health sciences, medical sociology, and health law. Methodology: A transversal research design and a tailored medico-socio-legal research methodology will be applied. The project uses a mixed-methods design, combining desk research and quantitative (factorial survey with hypothetical vignettes) and qualitative (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and nominal group method) research methodologies. The research team will jointly review the results from the three perspectives, by using multiperspective qualitative methods. Discussion: This study is the first comprehensive and interdisciplinary research project on medical decision-making in patients with a migration background undertaken in the European context, bringing together state-of-the-art expertise in health sciences, medical sociology, and health law.
Preparation and properties of graphene/β-SiC-toughened ceramics
Authors: Li Maohui , Zhang Mingjun , Ma Bo , Sun Wenzhou , Wang Yanmin , Lu Youjun
Published: January 2025

The brittleness of silicon carbide restricts its wide application. Graphene as a superior second-phase material can improve the toughness and brittleness of silicon carbide. In this article, a graphene/β-SiC ceramic material was prepared with 1–3 wt.% graphene added in β-SiC matrix via pressure-free sintering at 2120°C for 60 min. The effect of the graphene addition on the phase composition, bulk density, porosity, and mechanical properties of ceramic material was investigated. The results show that the bulk density of graphene/β-SiC ceramic material decreases, the porosity of openings increases, and the bending strength, hardness, as well as fracture toughness firstly increase and then decrease as graphene addition increases. Compared with β-SiC ceramic without graphene, the optimum properties of graphene/β-SiC ceramic with graphene addition of 1 wt.% (i.e. a fracture toughness of 5.07 MPa m1/2, bending strength of 410.84 MPa and hardness of 27.72 HV) can be obtained, which are increased by 35.56%, 13.35%, and 3.8%, respectively. The fracture morphology indicates that the crack deflection is the main mechanism of toughening β-SiC ceramic with graphene.
Non-formal civic education in Spain: A social cartography approach
Authors: López-Meseguer Rafael , Gutiérrez Sánchez Marta , Pedreño Plana Marina , Gómez-Núñez María Isabel
Published: January 2025

The work of non-governmental organizations in promoting citizenship competencies is one of the most effective forms of civic education today. Nonetheless, it has not received much attention from academia. This present research, using the method of social cartography and qualitative content analysis, analyzes the non-formal civic education work carried out by 156 non-governmental organizations in Spain. The results give an overview of the scope, target audience, types of activities, and topics that these organizations address, providing some significant examples. Additionally, the research includes an analysis of the institutional context in which these organizations operate based on 10 in-depth interviews. Finally, the findings point to the need to further focus on this type of education, integrate it into educational systems, and provide these non-governmental organizations with adequate resources to effectively carry out their work.
Results of open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using a proximal humeral plating system with smooth pegs
Authors: Kjaer Christoffer , Hillblom Magnus , Lenholm Emma , Boström Windhamre Helena , Ekelund Anders
Published: January 2025

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical results and complication rate in patients with proximal humeral fracture treated with Anatomical Locking Plate System (A.L.P.S.) Proximal Humeral Plating System with smooth pegs.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of 116 consecutive patients treated with A.L.P.S. Proximal Humeral Plating System. Shoulder function was evaluated by Constant score and disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH). Furthermore, European Quality of life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and single shoulder value (SSV) were assessed. Fractures were classified according to Neer.

Results

Fifty-two patients were included with a mean follow-up of 49 months. Mean Constant score was 62.8. Mean DASH was 17, and the mean EQ-5D was 0.91. According to Neer classification 63% ( n = 33) of the fractures were two-part, 31% ( n = 16) three-part, and 6% ( n = 3) four-part fractures. Peg penetration was registered in 13 cases (25%, n = 52). In total a reoperation rate of 23% ( n = 12) and an overall complication rate of 37% ( n = 19) were recorded.

Discussion/conclusion

Open reduction and plate fixation with the A.L.P.S. Proximal Humeral Plating System with smooth pegs provides a stable fixation with good clinical outcome and complication and reoperation rates in line with previous studies with plates using screws in the humeral head.
The Role of Political Partisanship and Moral Beliefs in Leadership Selection
Authors: Miller Harrison M. , Hasty Connor R. , Kievit Douglas L. , Plant E. Ashby , Maner Jon K.
Published: January 2025

What roles do political partisanship and moral beliefs play in people’s support for particular leaders? The current studies suggest that people with politically conservative views may support dominant leaders (those who use assertiveness, formal authority, and intimidation to influence others) because such leaders are viewed as likely to share conservatives’ moral priorities. Compared to liberals, conservatives reported higher prioritization of group-binding moral foundations. Those moral priorities, in turn, statistically mediated conservatives’ support for dominant leaders. Compared to conservatives, liberals reported higher prioritization of individualizing moral foundations, as well as deprioritization of group-binding moral foundations. Those moral priorities, in turn, statistically mediated liberals’ support for prestige-based leaders (those relying on knowledge, skill, and freely conferred deference to influence others). The current work provides new insight into how people’s moral priorities may underlie their preference for particular types of leaders.
Digital healthcare services in community pharmacies in Switzerland: Pharmacist and patient acceptability, and pharmacist readiness–the Pneumoscope™ pilot study
Authors: Backes Claudine , Godot Coralie , Gujer Cédric Yan , Obegi Noémie , Perez Alexandre , Gervaix Alain , Schneider Marie P.
Published: January 2025

Background

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based pharmaceutical services in community pharmacy (CP) settings has the potential to enhance point-of-care services and improve informed patient access to healthcare. The Pneumoscope™, an innovative AI-powered digital stethoscope that analyses lung sounds to detect specific respiratory pathologies, could be a valuable tool for pharmacists in conducting respiratory screening. To understand how this device can be implemented in the healthcare system, this exploratory research aims to assess the acceptability of pharmacists and patients, and the pharmacists’ readiness to use the Pneumoscope™ in CPs for respiratory disease management.

Methods

A 2-stage exploratory approach was conducted using mixed methods: 1) a qualitative analysis of pharmacists’ acceptability and readiness was developed using semi-structured interviews and focus groups ; 2) followed by a quantitative cross-sectional survey of patients’ acceptability of the device in CPs.

Results

Pharmacists were generally positive about the integration of e-health services into their daily clinical practice, recognizing their potential to improve advanced pharmaceutical triage and collaboration with physicians. Most patients were satisfied with the care provided by CPs, and their acceptability to use the Pneumoscope™ was significantly associated with their level of confidence in AI (p = 0.0092) and with the location of their CP (p = 0.0276).

Conclusions

Digital devices such as the Pneumoscope™ have the potential to reinforce the pharmacists’ clinical roles within an interprofessional team and improve patient care, but further scientific evaluation and implementation are necessary to support its integration and ensure its reimbursement by health insurers.
The University as a Means for Value Creation. Service-learning for Service Orientation
Authors: Ramón-Jerónimo María A. , Vázquez-Carrasco Rosario , Olavarría-Jaraba Ana , Grott Emily
Published: January 2025

Service Dominant Logic (SDL) proposes value creation as a process based on service, the success of which ultimately depends on employees’ service orientation. Given that universities are the nest of future employees, and the latest World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report highlights skills such as empathy and active listening, leadership and social influence—all of which are reflected in service orientation – universities seem best placed to harness these skills. However, no previous studies have focused on how to develop service orientation through marketing courses in universities. A quasi-experimental approach using differences-in-differences design (DID) was conducted to test how service-learning contributes to service orientation in marketing courses. Data analyzed by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), indicates that individual service orientation can be fostered through a service-learning experience. Our findings suggest that service orientation is driven mainly by the social experience. Moreover, no significant effect of the academic learning of the marketing course on the service orientation was observed. Essentially, the study provides two main insights: the role of the university in value creation through the learning process, and the effects of designing training programs based on service-learning for future marketing personnel success.
Association of Antihypertensive and Statin Medication Usage With Postoperative Stiffness After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Perez Andres R. , Destiné Henson , Kern Nathaniel , Patel Neel K. , Hall Anya T. , Reddy Manoj , Looney Austin , Freedman Kevin B. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and statins may be able to modulate postoperative stiffness, a major cause of morbidity after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (aRCR).

Purpose:

To determine whether there is an association between ACEi, ARB, or statin usage and stiffness after aRCR.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary aRCR between January 2016 and December 2019 were categorized into 4 groups depending on the usage of ACEi (n = 45), ARB (n = 27), statins (n = 53), or none of these medications (controls; n = 113). Range of motion in flexion, abduction, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER) was recorded preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Functional outcomes were assessed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The groups were compared using t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical data.

Results:

Preoperatively, compared with controls, the ACEi group had decreased flexion ( P = .038), abduction ( P = .001), ER ( P = .009), and IR ( P = .015); the ARB group had decreased abduction ( P = .012) and IR ( P = .019); and the statins group had decreased abduction ( P = .015), ER ( P = .008), and IR ( P = .011). Postoperatively, compared with controls, the ACEi group had decreased 6-month abduction ( P = .034) that resolved by 12 months and 3-month ER ( P = .004) that persisted into 6 months, the ARB group had greater ER at 12 months ( P = .006), and the statins group had increased 6-week abduction ( P = .017) that normalized by 3 months. Patients taking ACEi had lower postoperative ASES (30 vs 58.6; P = .001) and SANE scores (28.4 vs 52.3; P = .002) at 1 year and lower SST scores at 2 years (74.7 vs 85.5; P = .002) versus controls.

Conclusion:

Patients who used ACEi showed an increased risk of stiffness 6 months postoperatively and had worse SST scores at 2 years after aRCR, while those who used ARB demonstrated improved postoperative ER and IR, with no changes in functional outcomes at longer-term follow-ups.
Integrated Business and Engineering Educational Experience for Medical Students in the Development of Pediatric Medical Devices
Authors: Li Jennifer J. , Lee Jonathan , Sathialingam Mayilone , Ha Nhi , Galoyan Tamara , Faye Ethan , Kim Michael , Shelby Tara , Shah Rishabh , Lee Yelim , Bent Melissa , Espinoza Juan C.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

There are few opportunities in undergraduate medical education that provide formal training in engineering and scientific innovation. Institutions have sought to address student-specific career goals through combined degree programs such as the Medical Scientist Training Program and MD/MBA. However, only a small percentage of medical students pursue these additional degrees. Partnerships between medical schools and Medical Technology (MedTech) accelerators may create unique opportunities for medical students to gain real-world experience with scientific innovation and entrepreneurship.

METHODS

An internship program was developed by the Keck Translational Biotechnology Association and the West Coast Consortium for Technology & Innovation in Pediatrics (CTIP), a Food and Drug Administration-funded pediatric medical device accelerator. Students and companies applied to participate and were paired based on students’ interests and experience, and project plans were developed together. An initial orientation provided an overview of the program structure and expectations. Students and mentors met biweekly to address questions or concerns surrounding the progress of their projects. Students gave final project presentations and completed program evaluations. Data from 3 iterations of the program are reported.

RESULTS

Student program satisfaction was measured across 5 domains. Students felt that working with CTIP was valuable to their education (mean score = 3.7 of 5.0) and encouraged them to pursue future careers in MedTech (mean score = 4.0 of 5.0). Students provided a few suggestions to improve the program, including more structure, clear expectations around time commitment and deliverables, and stipends for students. Participation in the program grew over time.

CONCLUSIONS

The initial iterations of the internship program were well received by students. Several opportunities for improvement were noted. The program grew over time. Partnerships with accelerator programs at medical schools and academic medical centers may provide key real-world opportunities for students to learn about MedTech.
Single minimal conjunctival incision for rectus muscles: a pilot feasibility study
Authors: Tejedor Jaime , Gutiérrez-Carmona Francisco J.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Small conjunctival incision size is desirable in strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia.

Objective:

To study the feasibility and tolerability of a small bulbar conjunctival incision (SB).

Design:

Non-randomized feasibility pilot study.

Methods:

After applying a 5-0 PGA (polyglycolic acid) traction suture, we did a 3–4 mm single conjunctival incision posterior and parallel to the rectus muscle insertion. A hang-back recession was done (6-0 PGA suture), and the conjunctiva closed (8-0 PGA suture). The outcome measures were feasibility, tolerability, and motor result.

Results:

Twenty-five patients were included. The median pain scale score was 3/10, and the satisfaction Net Promoter Score was 72. Mean duration of a recession was 12 min (range: 9–14 min). Mean duration of inflammatory signs and hemorrhage were 2.2 days (95% CI, 1.4–2.9), and 8.5 days (95% CI, 7.1–9.9), respectively. Distance deviation at 2 months was 3.1 Prism Diopters (95% CI, 1.5–4.5).

Conclusion:

SB is feasible and well tolerated for extraocular rectus muscle surgery.
Community Views of Determinants of Men’s Wellbeing in Guatemala: A Study Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Pizarro Katherine W. , Chomat Anne M. , Quieju Diego P. , López Bernardo Y. , Sarmiento Iván , LeBel Nicholas , Mancini Chloe , Andersson Neil , Groleau Danielle , Cockcroft Anne
Published: January 2025

Background

In post-conflict Guatemala, Indigenous men’s psychological distress has been linked to violence exposure, disrupted social support systems, and structural inequities.

Purpose

We aimed to document how communities themselves understand men’s wellbeing and the factors that influence men’s wellbeing.

Research design and study sample

Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping with 20 stakeholder groups in Santiago Atitlán and Cuilco, Guatemala defined men’s wellbeing in local terms and identified the influences community groups understood to promote and detract from men’s wellbeing. Participants mapped pathways through which influences affected wellbeing and weighted their relative perceived strength.

Analysis

The researchers used thematic analysis to summarise influences into 43 factors and used fuzzy transitive closure to calculate their net causal influence for each set of stakeholders. We compared perspectives of groups of adult men, adult women, and practitioners of Mayan medicine in Santiago Atitlán, with a primarily Indigenous population, to groups in Cuilco, with a primarily non-Indigenous population. We also compared perspectives across age groups in Santiago Atitlán.

Results

Across regions, maps highlighted the importance of family and social relations, emotional distress, substance use and physical health for men’s wellbeing. Basic resource insecurity and unemployment were top risk factors for men’s wellbeing in maps from Cuilco but had both risk and protective influences on men’s wellbeing in maps from Santiago Atitlán.

Conclusions

Findings challenge the focus on scale-up of individual biomedical interventions as the best strategy to reduce the burden of emotional distress in Guatemala and raise questions about standard development approaches that emphasize income generation and educational attainment above cultural continuity and social harmony.
Seismic loss and resilience assessment of a steel building retrofitted with self-centering buckling-restrained braces
Authors: Carofilis Wilson , Kim K. Eugene , Jung Donghyuk
Published: January 2025

Self-centering buckling-restrained braces (SCBRBs) can be an effective seismic retrofitting measure for older steel moment frame buildings designed based on outdated design provisions. SCBRBs can considerably improve the strength and ductility capacity and are particularly efficient at mitigating residual deformations, a critical parameter often adopted as a demolition metric. However, this retrofit strategy can simultaneously lead to an increase in seismic demands on floors because of increased lateral stiffness which increases the potential for damage to non-structural elements (NSEs). Damage to NSEs can render buildings unoccupiable for an extended period even if the structural damage is minor. In this study, the seismic resilience of a case study moment-resisting steel frame building is compared to one retrofitted with SCBRBs. In particular, the effect of the SCBRB retrofit on NSEs is examined and their contribution to the total expected economic losses is quantified. Furthermore, various scenarios are evaluated in which NSEs are also retrofitted to illustrate their importance to functional recovery. Analysis results reveal that damage to the ceiling system and partition walls, which can be amplified as a result of added lateral stiffness from SCBRBs, can significantly delay the recovery process. Moreover, recovery delays associated with mechanical components can be reduced by enhancing the seismic behavior of integral items such as elevators. These results demonstrate how retrofit strategies that alter a building’s seismic response such as SCBRBs can have unintended consequences on NSEs and adversely impact seismic resilience.
Microbially produced imidazole propionate impairs prostate cancer progression through PDZK1
Authors: Jin Shengkai , Zhou Yuhua , Lv Jing , Lu Yichen , Zhang Yuwei , Li Menglu , Feng Ninghan
Published: January 2025

Background

A close relationship exists between castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and histidine metabolism by gut microbes. However, the effects of the histidine metabolite imidazole propionate (IMP) on prostate cancer (PCa) and its underlying mechanisms are not well understood.

Methods

We first assessed the effects of IMP on cell proliferation and migration at the cellular level. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism of action of IMP using transcriptome sequencing, qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Finally, we validated our findings in vivo using a mouse model.

Results

Histidine had no effect on PCa cell proliferation; however, IMP significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that IMP exerts its effects by upregulating PDZK1 expression, which subsequently inhibits the phosphorylation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.

Conclusions

In conclusion, IMP significantly inhibits the progression of PCa, offering new insights into potential treatments for CRPC.
TopoQual polishes circular consensus sequencing data and accurately predicts quality scores
Authors: Weerakoon Minindu , Lee Sangjin , Mitchell Emily , Heaton Haynes
Published: January 2025

Background

Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) circular consensus sequencing (CCS), also known as high fidelity (HiFi) technology, has revolutionized modern genomics by producing long (10 + kb) and highly accurate reads. This is achieved by sequencing circularized DNA molecules multiple times and combining them into a consensus sequence. Currently, the accuracy and quality value estimation provided by HiFi technology are more than sufficient for applications such as genome assembly and germline variant calling. However, there are limitations in the accuracy of the estimated quality scores when it comes to somatic variant calling on single reads.

Results

To address the challenge of inaccurate quality scores for somatic variant calling, we introduce TopoQual, a novel tool designed to enhance the accuracy of base quality predictions. TopoQual leverages techniques including partial order alignments (POA), topologically parallel bases, and deep learning algorithms to polish consensus sequences. Our results demonstrate that TopoQual corrects approximately 31.9% of errors in PacBio consensus sequences. Additionally, it validates base qualities up to q59, which corresponds to one error in 0.9 million bases. These improvements will significantly enhance the reliability of somatic variant calling using HiFi data.

Conclusion

TopoQual represents a significant advancement in genomics by improving the accuracy of base quality predictions for PacBio HiFi sequencing data. By correcting a substantial proportion of errors and achieving high base quality validation, TopoQual enables confident and accurate somatic variant calling. This tool not only addresses a critical limitation of current HiFi technology but also opens new possibilities for precise genomic analysis in various research and clinical applications.
Sherlock-Genome: an R Shiny application for genomic analysis and visualization
Authors: Klein Alyssa , Zhong Jun , Landi Maria Teresa , Zhang Tongwu
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Next-generation sequencing technologies, such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), have become prominent in cancer genomics. However, managing, visualizing, and integratively analyzing WGS results across various bioinformatic pipelines remains challenging, particularly for non-bioinformaticians, hindering the usability of WGS data for biological discovery.

Results

We developed Sherlock-Genome, an R Shiny app for data harmonization, visualization, and integrative analysis of WGS-based cancer genomics studies. Following FAIR principles, Sherlock-Genome provides a platform and guidelines for managing and sharing finalized sample-level WGS analysis results, enabling users to upload results, inspect analyses locally, and perform integrative analyses. It includes modules for major cancer genomic analyses, allowing interactive data visualizations and integrative analyses with other data types. Sherlock-Genome supports both local and cloud deployment, facilitating the sharing of results for related publications. This tool has the potential to be widely adopted in cancer genomics, significantly enhancing the accessibility and usability of sample-level WGS analysis results for comprehensive biological discovery and research advancements.

Availability and implementation

The source code and installation instructions for Sherlock-Genome can be accessed via Github https://github.com/xtmgah/Sherlock-Genome. Documentation and data requirements for user project data can also be found on the same GitHub page.
‘It's about collaboration’: a whole-systems approach to understanding and promoting movement in Suffolk
Authors: Brinkley A. J. , Cusimano K. M. , Freeman P. , Southall-Edwards R. , Gladwell V. F.
Published: January 2025

Background

Population-levels of physical activity have remained stagnant for years. Previous approaches to modify behaviour have broadly neglected the importance of whole-systems approaches. Our research aimed to (i) understand, (ii) map, (iii) identify the leverage points, and (iv) develop solutions surrounding participation in physical activity across an English rural county.

Methods

A systems-consortium of partners from regional and local government, charities, providers, deliverers, advocacy groups, and health and social care, and public health engaged in our research, which consisted of two-phases. Within Phase 1, we used secondary data, insight-work, a narrative review, participatory workshops, and interviews in a pluralistic style to map the system-representing physical activity. Phase 2 began with an initial analysis using markers from social network analysis and the Action Scales Model. This analysis informed a participatory workshop, to identify leverage points, and develop solutions for change within the county.

Results

The systems-map is constructed from biological, financial, and psychological individual factors, interpersonal factors, systems partners, built, natural and social environmental factors, and policy and structural factors. Our initial analysis found 13 leverage points to review within our participatory workshop. When appraised by the group, (i) local governing policies, (ii) shared policies, strategies, vision, and working relationships, (iii) shared facilities (school, sport, community, recreation), and (iv) funding were deemed most important to change. Within group discussions, participants stressed the importance and challenges associated with shared working relationships, a collective vision, and strategy, the role of funding, and management of resources. Actions to leverage change included raising awareness with partners beyond the system, sharing policies, resources, insight, evidence, and capacity, and collaborating to co-produce a collective vision and strategy.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance and provide insight into the early phase of a whole-systems approach to promoting physical activity. Our whole-systems approach within Suffolk needs to consider methods to (i) grow and maintain the systems-consortium, (ii) create a sustainable means to map the system and identify leverage points within it, and (iii) monitor and evaluate change.
Spectral framework using modified shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the third-kind for numerical solutions of one- and two-dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equations
Authors: Sayed S. M. , Mohamed A. S. , Abo-Eldahab E. M. , Youssri Y. H.
Published: January 2025

This investigation discusses a numerical approach to solving the hyperbolic telegraph equation in both one and two dimensions. Applying the Galerkin method is the basis of this approach. We use appropriate combinations of third-kind modified shifted Chebyshev polynomials (3KMSCPs) as basis functions to transform the governing partial differential equations into a collection of algebraic equations. Through spectral Galerkin techniques, we establish the convergence error to demonstrate that our algorithm is more effective and efficient. Five examples are examined to verify the effectiveness and resilience of the applied method by comparing errors and illustrating the results. Our results show that the current numerical solutions align closely with exact solutions. The current algorithm is simple to set up and is better suited to solving certain difficult partial differential equations.