bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Role of the CD56lowCD16low Natural Killer Cell Subset in the Recognition and Killing of Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Vulpis Elisabetta , Stabile Helena , Soriani Alessandra , Fionda Cinzia , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Mariggio’ Elena , Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Cippitelli Marco , Gismondi Angela , Santoni Angela , Zingoni Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Natural Killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immunosurveillance of Multiple Myeloma (MM), but it is still undefined whether the NK cell functional properties underlying their protective activity against MM are confined to distinct NK cell populations. Interestingly, herein we report that the CD56lowCD16low NK cell subset displayed higher cytolytic activity compared to the other NK cell subsets (i.e., CD56highCD16+/−, CD56lowCD16high) against MM cells and its activity was impaired in MM patients. Decreased DNAM-1 expression levels were observed on the CD56lowCD16low NK cells during MM progression. Evaluating NK cell subset frequency after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we found that CD56lowCD16low NK cells recovered earlier after transplantation. Overall, our data denote a key role of CD56lowCD16low subpopulation in the killing of MM cells and suggest that the reconstitution of CD56lowCD16low subpopulation after HSCT could be a useful approach of adoptive immunotherapy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM patients.
Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs Associated with Somatic Copy Number Alterations in Cancer
Authors: Soh Jihee , Cho Hyejin , Choi Chan-Hun , Lee Hyunju
Published: November 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key molecules that regulate biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer. Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are common genetic mutations that play essential roles in cancer development. Here, we investigated the association between miRNAs and SCNAs in cancer. We collected 2538 tumor samples for seven cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We found that 32−84% of miRNAs are in SCNA regions, with the rate depending on the cancer type. In these regions, we identified 80 SCNA-miRNAs whose expression was mainly associated with SCNAs in at least one cancer type and showed that these SCNA-miRNAs are related to cancer by survival analysis and literature searching. We also identified 58 SCNA-miRNAs common in the seven cancer types (CC-SCNA-miRNAs) and showed that these CC-SCNA-miRNAs are more likely to be related with protein and gene expression than other miRNAs. Furthermore, we experimentally validated the oncogenic role of miR-589. In conclusion, our results suggest that SCNA-miRNAs significantly alter biological processes related to cancer development, confirming the importance of SCNAs in non-coding regions in cancer.
Understanding the Social Contagion Effect of Safety Violations within a Construction Crew: A Hybrid Approach Using System Dynamics and Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Liang Huakang , Lin Ken-Yu , Zhang Shoujian
Published: November 2018

Previous research has recognized the importance of eliminating safety violations in the context of a social group. However, the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew has not been sufficiently understood. To address this deficiency, this research aims to develop a hybrid simulation approach to look into the cognitive, social, and organizational aspects that can determine the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew. The hybrid approach integrates System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-based Modeling (ABM) to better represent the real world. Our findings show that different interventions should be employed for different work environments. Specifically, social interactions play a critical role at the modest hazard levels because workers in this situation may encounter more ambiguity or uncertainty. Interventions related to decreasing the contagion probability and the safety–productivity tradeoff should be given priority. For the low hazard situation, highly intensive management strategies are required before the occurrence of injuries or accidents. In contrast, for the high hazard situation, highly intensive proactive safety strategies should be supplemented by other interventions (e.g., a high safety goal) to further control safety violations. Therefore, this research provides a practical framework to examine how specific accident prevention measures, which interact with workers or environmental characteristics (i.e., the hazard level), can influence the social contagion effect of safety violations.
Titanium Dioxide Nanotube-Based Oxygen Indicator for Modified Atmosphere Packaging: Efficiency and Accuracy
Authors: Wen Junwei , Huang Shuting , Sun Yu , Chen Zhengjie , Wang Yixiang , Li Houbin , Liu Xinghai
Published: November 2018

Colorimetric oxygen indicators can be applied for non-destructive testing in packaging; especially in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In this paper; titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube; which is used as a semiconductor photocatalyst in oxygen indicators; was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze its crystal form and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).to characterize its morphology. Its properties were studied using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Diffuse Reflection Spectrum (DRS), and Bluebottle experiments. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 nanotube was a mixture of rutile and anatase; with a specific surface area of 190.35 m2/g; and a wide band gap of 3.34 eV. Given the satisfactory performance; the TiO2-based oxygen indicator was prepared and combined with glycerol; methylene blue; and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The oxygen indicator demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance and effectively avoided excitation by visible light. We studied the rheological properties; thixotropic properties; and wettability of the indicator. The results demonstrated the printability of the indicator solution; which was then printed in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by screen printing and applied to MAP. The application results showed that the prepared oxygen indicator was able to provide visual support to judge whether the packaging was intact and the food was safe.
Probiotics on Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Pärtty Anna , Rautava Samuli , Kalliomäki Marko
Published: November 2018

The potential association between gut microbiota perturbations and childhood functional gastrointestinal disturbances opens interesting therapeutic and preventive possibilities with probiotics. The aim of this review was to evaluate current evidence on the efficacy of probiotics for the management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders, functional constipation and infantile colic. Thus far, no single strain, combination of strains or synbiotics can be recommended for the management of irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain or functional constipation in children. However, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 may be considered for the management of breastfed colic infants, while data on other probiotic strains, probiotic mixtures or synbiotics are limited in infantile colic.
Pharmacodynamic Effect of Luteolin Micelles on Alleviating Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Tan Liwei , Liang Chen , Wang Yeye , Jiang Yu , Zeng Shengqiao , Tan Rui
Published: November 2018

Oxidative stress and inflammation are important mechanisms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Luteolin (Lu), one of the major active components in the classical Tibetan prescription, which has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases since 700 BC, has potential for IR injury therapy. Its hydrophobicity has impeded its further applications. In this study, we first prepared Lu micelles (M-Lu) by self-assembling with an amphiphilic copolymer via the thin film hydration method to improve the dispersion of Lu in water. The obtained M-Lu was about 30 nm, with a narrow particle size distribution, and a 5% (w/w) of Lu. The bioavailability of the micelles was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compared to free Lu, M-Lu had a better penetration efficiency, which enhanced its therapeutic effect in IR injury restoration. M-Lu further strengthened the protection of nerve cells through the nuclear factor-κ-gene binding κ (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways and inhibited the apoptosis of cells by adjusting the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in the case of oxidative stress damage. M-Lu induced stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells to promote the repair and regeneration of neurons. The results of in vivo pharmacodynamics of Lu on occlusion of the middle cerebral artery model further demonstrated that M-Lu better inhibited inflammation and the oxidative stress response by the down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokine, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and the up-regulation of the activity of anti-oxidant kinase, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), which further ameliorated the degree of IR injury. The M-Lu could be a new strategy for IR injury therapy.
Inclusion Complexes of Citronella Oil with β-Cyclodextrin for Controlled Release in Biofunctional Textiles
Authors: Lis Manuel J. , García Carmona Óscar , García Carmona Carlos , Maestá Bezerra Fabricio
Published: November 2018

Biofunctional textiles with integrated drug-delivery systems can help in the fight against vector-borne diseases. The use of repellent agents derived from plants and oils is an alternative to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide), which has disadvantages that include toxic reactions and skin damage. However, some researchers report that oils can be ineffective due to reasons related to uncontrolled release. In this work, the mechanism of control of citronella oil (OC) complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) on cotton (COT) and polyester (PES) textiles was investigated. The results obtained reveal that finishing cotton and polyester with β-cyclodextrin complexes allows for control of the release mechanism of the drug from the fabric. To assess the complexes formed, optical microscopy, SEM, and FTIR were carried out; the yield of complex formation was obtained by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet region; and controlled release was performed in vitro. Oil complexation with βCD had a yield of 63.79%, and it was observed that the release, which was in seconds, moved to hours when applied to fabrics. The results show that complexes seem to be a promising basis when it comes to immobilizing oils and controlling their release when modified with chemical crosslinking agents.
Manufacturing of Polymeric Substrates with Copper Nanofillers through Laser Stereolithography Technique
Authors: V-Niño Ely Dannier , Díaz Lantada Andrés , Lonne Quentin , Estupiñán Durán Hugo Armando , Mejía-Ospino Enrique , Ramírez-Caballero Gustavo , Endrino José Luis
Published: November 2018

This study presents the additive manufacture of objects using mass-functionalized photo-resins, which are additively photopolymerized using the laser stereolithography technique. The mass functionalization is based on the incorporation of copper nanowires used as fillers at different concentrations. Cylindrical and tensile test probes are designed and manufactured in a layer-by-layer approach using a low-cost laser stereolithography system working with a layer thickness of 100   µ m . The morphological, mechanical, thermal and chemical results help to show the viability and potential that this combination of mass-functionalized resins and technological processes may have in the near future, once key challenges are solved. Finally, some potential applications are also discussed.
Les macles du chromate de potassium
Authors: Bondot P. , Curien Hubert
Published: November 2018

Le chromate de potassium, espèce cristalline à pseudosymétrie hexagonale, présente divers types de macle qui forment un bon exemple d'application des principes d'interprétation causale du faciès des macles formées à la croissance.
Étude de la structure cristalline de la compreignacite
Authors: Granger Marie-Magdeleine , Protas Jean
Published: November 2018

La compreignacite K₂O.6UO₃.11H₂O possède une structure cristalline identique à celle de la billiétite BaO.6UO₃.11H₂O, et analogue à celles d'oxydes d'uranium hydratés naturels déjà étudiés partiellement. L'uranium se place en couches aux nœuds d'un réseau hexagonal presque régulier. Les atomes de potassium sont répartis statistiquement entre les couches.
Sur la profondeur de formation des veines à disthène géodique de la région de Baud (Morbihan) et sur la signification des veines à disthène en général
Authors: Fonteilles Michel
Published: November 2018

Les veines géodiques à quartz˗disthène étaient lors du métamorphisme des fractures de tension, remplies d'une phase fluide sous une pression égale à la plus petite des contraintes totales principales. Les résultats expérimentaux sur la stabilité des divers polymorphes SiAl₂O₅ fixent une limite inférieure de la pression de la phase fluide dans ces veines, et par conséquent une limite inférieure de la pression lithostatique, donc de l'épaisseur des terrains sus-jacents. Les surpressions tectoniques n'ont joué aucun rôle dans la formation du disthène des veines géodiques.
La chapmanite de La Bessade (Haute-Loire)
Authors: Périchaud Jean-Jacques , Pierrot Roland
Published: November 2018

La chapmanite est signalée pour la première fois en France dans le filon de La Bessade, situé à la limite des départements du Cantal et de la Haute-Loire. Le minéral est finement disséminé dans de la silice et de l'opale. L'examen à la microsonde électronique et les analyses chimiques permettent de confirmer la formule Sb(OH)Fe₂(SiO₄)₂. Les essais thermiques montrent qu'à 1 050° la chapmanite se transforme en tripuhyite en présence d'air et en hématite et cristobalite en atmosphère inerte.
Association de braunite et hausmannite dans un niveau manganésifère de Casalas (Ariège)
Authors: Perseil Eléna Adriana
Published: November 2018

Découverte de l'association braunite et hausmannite dans des veinules carbonatées à l'intérieur du calcaire griotte dévonien de Casalas.

L'ancienne mine manganésifère de Casalas est située à une trentaine de kilomètres sud-ouest de Foix et à 16 km sud-est de Saint-Girons.

Les veinules minéralisées sont liées, à Casalas, aux principaux corps minéralisés — en partie exploités — et qui paraissent analogues à ceux de Las Cabesses (Ariège).
Les spinelles des basaltes de Monistrol d'Allier (chaîne du Devès, Haute-Loire)
Authors: Babkine Jean , Conquéré Fernand , Vilminot Jean-Claude , Phan Kieu-Duong
Published: November 2018

L'étude au microscope, en lumières transmise et réfléchie, et neuf analyses nouvelles, dont huit par la microsonde électronique, ont permis de reconnaître dans les basaltes alcalins de Monistrol˗d'Allier et dans leurs enclaves, la présence de spinelles de compositions variées.

La distinction est faite, parmi les spinelles chromifères, entre la magnésiopicotite interstitielle et xénomorphe des enclaves de péridotite et les chromopicotites automorphes incluses dans les phénocristaux d'olivine ou dans la mésostase du basalte. On montre que les chromopicotites appartiennent à la phase de cristallisation précoce du magma basaltique. L'évolution des spinelles au cours de la cristallisation du basalte est étudiée.
Sur une sidérose authigène dans une argilite kaolinique du crétacé du Sénégal
Authors: Tessier Fernand , Turco Guy
Published: November 2018

De la sidérose authigène, formant soit de petits sphérolites assez nombreux, soit de rares agrégats de cristaux, soit enfin quelques cristaux isolés, est étudiée. Elle provient d'une argile kaolinique sableuse bariolée, d'âge antemaestrichtien, trouvée dans un sondage.

Les caractères morphologiques et physiques des cristallisations sont décrits. Les cristaux isolés étudiés au goniomètre révèlent les formes (0001) et (40[-4]1) déjà connues et une nouvelle forme (12[-3]1) ; l'ensemble réalise une allure octaédrique. Les techniques radiocristallographiques et l'analyse chimique montrent qu'il s'agit d'une sidérose assez pure, bien cristallisée. Certaines anomalies d'éclat et de dureté sont attribuées à une sorte de glaçure superficielle formée de quartz et de calcédoine.

La roche-hôte est d'origine clastique. Son évolution diagénétique a comporté deux phases bien contrastées : altération de type latéritique d'abord qui a amené notamment les concentrations ferriques, dans des conditions superficielles, acides, périphréatiques ; puis, très postérieurement, dans des conditions plus profondes, basiques, infraphréatiques, l'authigenèse de la sidérose décrite.
A new case of pragmatically deviant embedded disjunctions
Authors: Denić Milica
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we discuss a novel observation that sentences such as ‘#Each of these three girls is Mary, Susan, or Jane’ are deviant. Its deviance is surprising: the sentence should convey that one of the three girls is Mary, another one of them is Susan, and yet another one is Jane; however, it cannot be naturally used to do so. We will propose that the deviance is caused by ignorance inferences which contradict common knowledge. If the proposal is on the right track, ignorance inferences need to be derived blindly to common knowledge, similarly to what has been proposed for scalar implicatures by Magri (2009).
Attachment in Syntax and Discourse: Towards an explanation for the flexible scope of non-restrictive relative clauses
Authors: Jasinskaja Katja , Poschmann Claudia
Published: November 2018

Abstract Schlenker (2013) gives a number of puzzling counterexamples to the widely accepted claim that non-restrictive relative clauses (NRCs) are always interpreted with respect to the global context, and never in the scope of entailment-canceling operators such as if. Local readings are available for NRCs attached to their host clause by a coordinating coherence relation. This paper develops a theoretical explanation of this pattern. We argue that NRCs are interpreted locally only if they are attached locally to their host clause both in syntax and in discourse structure. Subordinating coherence relations like Elaboration and Explanation resist discourse attachment in the scope of if because they tend to go together with relations that can only hold between speech acts. Like other subordinate clauses, NRCs tend to express subordinating coherence relations, which ultimately explains their pervasive tendency for global interpretation. In other words, this study shows how a theory of discourse coherence can help solve a problem in sentence semantics.
The Variable Pulsar Wind Nebula of PSR J1809–1917
Authors: Klingler Noel , Kargaltsev Oleg , Pavlov George G. , Posselt Bettina
Published: November 2018

PSR J1809–1917 is a young (τ = 51 kyr) energetic (

erg s−1) radio pulsar powering a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). We report on the results of three Chandra X-ray Observatory observations that show that the PWN consists of a small (∼20″) bright compact nebula (CN) and faint extended emission seen up to 2′ from the pulsar. The CN is elongated in the northeast–southwest direction and exhibits morphological and flux variability on a timescale of a few months. We also find evidence of small arcsecond-scale jets extending from the pulsar along the same direction, and exhibiting a hard power-law (PL) spectrum with photon index Γjet = 1.2 ± 0.1. The more extended emission and CN share the same symmetry axis, which is also aligned with the direction toward the TeV γ-ray source HESS J1809–193, supporting their association. The spectrum of the extended nebula (EN) fits an absorbed PL with about the same slope as that of the CN, ΓCN ≈ ΓEN = 1.55 ± 0.09; no spectral changes across the EN’s 2 pc extent are seen. The total PWN 0.5–8 keV luminosity is L
PWN ≈ 9 × 1032 erg s−1, about half of which is due to the EN.
Collisional Growth of Icy Dust Aggregates in the Disk Formation Stage: Difficulties for Planetesimal Formation via Direct Collisional Growth outside the Snowline
Authors: Homma Kenji , Nakamoto Taishi
Published: November 2018

Highly porous dust aggregates can break through the radial drift barrier, but previous studies assumed disks in their later stage, where the disks have a very small mass and low temperature. In contrast, dust coagulation should begin in the very early stage such as the disk formation stage because the growth timescale of dust is shorter than the disk formation timescale if there is no process to suppress the collisional growth of dust. We investigate the possibility of planetesimal formation via direct collisional growth in the very early stage of a protoplanetary disk. We show that, in the very early stage of protoplanetary disks, icy dust aggregates suffer radial drift and deplete without forming planetesimal-sized objects. This is because as the disk temperature easily increases by the viscous heating in the disk formation stage, the area where the dust can break through the radial drift barrier is restricted only to the inside the snowline. This suggests that in the disk formation stage, icy planetesimal formation via direct collisional growth of dust is difficult.
Measuring the Physical Conditions in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies: Insights from KBSS-MOSFIRE
Authors: Strom Allison L. , Steidel Charles C. , Rudie Gwen C. , Trainor Ryan F. , Pettini Max
Published: November 2018

We use photoionization models that are designed to reconcile the joint rest-UV-optical spectra of high-z star-forming galaxies to self-consistently infer the gas chemistry and nebular ionization and excitation conditions for ∼150 galaxies from the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS), using only observations of their rest-optical nebular spectra. We find that the majority of z ∼ 2–3 KBSS galaxies are moderately O-rich, with an interquartile range in 12 + log(O/H) = 8.29–8.56, and have significantly sub-solar Fe enrichment, with an interquartile range of [Fe/H] = [−0.79, −0.53], which contributes additional evidence in favor of super-solar O/Fe in high-z galaxies. The model-inferred ionization parameters and N/O are strongly correlated with common strong-line indices (such as O32 and N2O2), with the latter exhibiting similar behavior to local extragalactic H ii regions. In contrast, diagnostics commonly used for measuring gas-phase O/H (such as N2 and O3N2) show relatively large scatter with the overall amount of oxygen present in the gas and behave differently than observed at z ∼ 0. We provide a new calibration for using R23 to measure O/H in typical high-z galaxies, although it is most useful for relatively O-rich galaxies; combining O32 and R23 does not yield a more effective calibration. Finally, we consider the implications for the intrinsic correlations between physical conditions across the galaxy sample and find that N/O varies with O/H in high-z galaxies in a manner that is almost identical to local H ii regions. However, we do not find a strong anti-correlation between ionization parameter and metallicity (O/H or Fe/H) in high-z galaxies, which is one of the principal bases for using strong-line ratios to infer oxygen abundance.
Dependence of Coronal Loop Temperature on Loop Length and Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Dahlburg R. B. , Einaudi G. , Ugarte-Urra I. , Rappazzo A. F. , Velli M.
Published: November 2018

The temperature characteristics of solar coronal loops over a wide range of lengths and magnetic field strengths are investigated by means of numerical simulations. A very high correlation between magnetic field strength (B
0) and maximum temperature (T
max) is found. Shorter loops rooted at stronger fields are those that reach higher maximum temperatures. High temperatures constitute a small part of the loop volume. For loops of equal length, those with stronger magnetic fields have broader emission measure distributions. The conditions underlying the variety of loops observed in the solar corona are discussed, an explanation of why both cold and hot loops exist is provided, and suggestions are given as to what observations need to be made to confirm the results. Data in the analysis are provided by numerical simulations using HYPERION, an explicit massively parallel Fourier collocation–finite-difference code. In the simulations footpoints are convected with a randomized large-scale flow. This produces a Poynting flux which leads to the buildup of magnetic energy in the loop. The magnetic energy is then transformed into thermal energy by a magnetic reconnection process occurring within current sheets formed locally by an energy cascade toward small scales.
Gamma-Ray Emission from Molecular Clouds Generated by Penetrating Cosmic Rays
Authors: Dogiel V. A. , Chernyshov D. O. , Ivlev A. V. , Malyshev D. , Strong A. W. , Cheng K. S.
Published: November 2018

We analyze the processes governing cosmic-ray (CR) penetration into molecular clouds and the resulting generation of gamma-ray emission. The density of CRs inside a cloud is depleted at lower energies due to the self-excited MHD turbulence. The depletion depends on the effective gas column density (“size”) of the cloud. We consider two different environments where the depletion effect is expected to be observed. For the central molecular zone, the expected range of CR energy depletion is E ≲ 10 GeV, leading to the depletion of gamma-ray flux below E

γ
 ≈ 2 GeV. This effect can be important for the interpretation of the GeV gamma-ray excess in the Galactic Center, which has been revealed from the standard model of CR propagation (assuming the CR spectrum inside a cloud to be equal to the interstellar spectrum). Furthermore, recent observations of some local molecular clouds suggest the depletion of the gamma-ray emission, indicating possible self-modulation of the penetrating low-energy CRs.
Evidence for a Vertical Dependence on the Pressure Structure in AS 209
Authors: Teague Richard , Bae Jaehan , Birnstiel Tilman , Bergin Edwin A.
Published: November 2018

We present an improved method to measure the rotation curves for disks with nonaxisymmetric brightness profiles initially published in Teague et al. Application of this method to the well studied AS 209 system shows substantial deviations from Keplerian rotation of up to ±5%. These deviations are most likely due to perturbations in the gas pressure profile, including a perturbation located at ≈250 au and spanning up to ≈50 au that is only detected kinematically. Modeling the required temperature and density profiles required to recover the observed rotation curve, we demonstrate that the rings observed in micrometer scattered light are coincident with the pressure maxima, and are radially offset from the rings observed in millimeter continuum emission. This suggests that if rings in the NIR are due to submicrometer grains trapped in pressure maxima, then there is a vertical dependence on the radius of the pressure minima.
The Evolution of the Warm Absorber Reveals a Shocked Outflow in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
Authors: Sanfrutos Mario , Longinotti Anna Lia , Krongold Yair , Guainazzi Matteo , Panessa Francesca
Published: November 2018

We present the analysis of grating spectra of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS 17020+4544 observed by XMM-Newton in 2004 and 2014. In a previous work on these data, we reported the discovery of a multicomponent ultra-fast outflow that is capable of producing feedback in the host galaxy. We also reported the presence of a slow, multiphase warm absorber (WA). In this follow-up paper, we confirm that this low-velocity absorber can be modeled by four layers of ionized gas. When crossing our line of sight, this gas presents peculiar changes along the 10 yr timescale elapsed between the two observations obtained by XMM-Newton. While two of such components are almost stationary, the other two are found inflowing and outflowing with significant variations in velocity and ionization between 2004 and 2014. The luminosity and spectral shape of the central source remain practically unvaried. We propose that the presence of the fast wind and of the variable WA can be interpreted in the framework of a “shocked outflow,” where the peculiar variability pattern of the low-velocity components might arise from instabilities in the shocked gas.
X-Ray Reverberation from Black Hole Accretion Disks with Realistic Geometric Thickness
Authors: Taylor Corbin , Reynolds Christopher S.
Published: November 2018

X-ray reverberation in active galactic nuclei, believed to be the result of the reprocessing of corona photons by the underlying accretion disk, has allowed us to probe the properties of the innermost regions of the accretion flow and the central black hole. This process is modeled via raytracing in the Kerr metric, with the disk thickness almost ubiquitously assumed to be negligible (“razor thin”) and the corona commonly approximated as a point source located along the polar axis (a lamppost). In this work, we use the new raytracing suite, Fenrir, to explore the effect that accretion disk geometry has on reverberation signatures, assuming a lamppost configuration but allowing for a finite disk scale height. We characterize the signatures of finite disk thickness in the reverberation transfer function and calculate how they might manifest in observed lag-frequency spectra. We also show that a disk-hugging corona (approximated by off-axis point-like flares) exhibits characteristics that are qualitatively different from observation, thus providing further evidence for a flaring corona that is separated from the underlying disk material.
The Role of Cosmic-ray Transport in Shaping the Simulated Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Butsky Iryna S. , Quinn Thomas R.
Published: November 2018

The majority of galactic baryons resides outside of the galactic disk in the diffuse gas known as the circumgalactic medium (CGM). While state-of-the art simulations excel at reproducing galactic disk properties, many of them struggle to drive strong galactic winds or to match the observed ionization structure of the CGM using only thermal supernova feedback. To remedy this, recent studies have invoked nonthermal cosmic ray (CR) stellar feedback prescriptions. However, numerical schemes of CR transport are still poorly constrained. We explore how the choice of CR transport affects the multiphase structure of the simulated CGM. We implement anisotropic CR physics in the astrophysical simulation code Enzo and simulate a suite of isolated disk galaxies with varying prescriptions for CR transport: isotropic diffusion, anisotropic diffusion, and streaming. We find that all three transport mechanisms result in strong, metal-rich outflows but differ in the temperature and ionization structure of their CGM. Isotropic diffusion results in a spatially uniform, warm CGM that underpredicts the column densities of low ions. Anisotropic diffusion develops a reservoir of cool gas that extends farther from the galactic center, but disperses rapidly with distance. CR streaming projects cool gas out to radii of 200 kpc, supporting a truly multiphase medium. In addition, we find that streaming is less sensitive to changes in constant parameter values like the CR injection fraction, transport velocity, and resolution than diffusion. We conclude that CR streaming is a more robust implementation of CR transport and motivates the need for detailed parameter studies of CR transport.
A DNA barcode-assisted annotated checklist of the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) communities associated to white oak woodlands in Spanish National Parks
Authors: Crespo Luís , Domènech Marc , Enguídanos Alba , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Cardoso Pedro , Moya-Laraño Jordi , Frías-López Cristina , Macías-Hernández Nuria , De Mas Eva , Mazzuca Paola , Mora Elisa , Opatova Vera , Planas Enric , Ribera Carles , Roca-Cusachs Marcos , Ruiz Dolores , Sousa Pedro , Tonzo Vanina , Arnedo Miquel
Published: November 2018

A large scale semi-quantitative biodiversity assessment was conducted in white oak woodlands in areas included in the Spanish Network of National Parks, as part of a project aimed at revealing biogeographic patterns and identify biodiversity drivers. The semi-quantitative COBRA sampling protocol was conducted in sixteen 1-ha plots across six national parks using a nested design. All adult specimens were identified to species level based on morphology. Uncertain delimitations and identifications due to either limited information of diagnostic characters or conflicting taxonomy were further investigated using DNA barcode information.

We identified 376 species belonging to 190 genera in 39 families, from the 8,521 adults found amongst the 20,539 collected specimens. Faunistic results include the discovery of 7 new species to the Iberian Peninsula, 3 new species to Spain and 11 putative new species to science. As largely expected by environmental features, the southern parks showed a higher proportion of Iberian and Mediterranean species than the northern parks, where the Palearctic elements were largely dominant. The analysis of approximately 3,200 DNA barcodes generated in the present study, corroborated and provided finer resolution to the morphologically based delimitation and identification of specimens in some taxonomically challenging families. Specifically, molecular data confirmed putative new species with diagnosable morphology, identified overlooked lineages that may constitute new species, confirmed assignment of specimens of unknown sexes to species and identified cases of misidentifications and phenotypic polymorphisms.
Elevated Serum Concentrations of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Leukocyte Elastase in Systemic Sclerosis: Association with Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: HARA TOSHIHIDE , OGAWA FUMIHIDE , YANABA KOICHI , IWATA YOHEI , MUROI EIJI , KOMURA KAZUHIRO , TAKENAKA MOTOI , SHIMIZU KAZUHIRO , HASEGAWA MINORU , FUJIMOTO MANABU , SATO SHINICHI
Published: November 2018

Objective

To determine the serum concentrations and clinical association of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMN) elastase in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Serum PMN elastase levels from 21 patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc) and 32 with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc) were examined by ELISA.

Results

Serum PMN elastase levels were elevated in patients with SSc, especially dSSc, compared to healthy controls. SSc patients with elevated serum PMN elastase levels had more frequent presence of pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, contracture of phalanges, and diffuse pigmentation. Anticentromere antibody was detected less frequently in SSc patients with elevated serum PMN elastase levels than in controls. Consistently, serum PMN elastase levels also correlated positively with serum levels of KL-6 and surfactant protein-D, serological markers for pulmonary fibrosis. Serum PMN elastase levels were also associated with levels of serum 8-isoprostane, an oxidative stress marker in SSc.

Conclusion

Serum PMN elastase levels were elevated in patients with SSc, and it was more prominent in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that serum PMN elastase is a novel serological marker for SSc-related pulmonary fibrosis.
Development and Testing of Reduced Joint Counts in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: BAZSO ANNA , CONSOLARO ALESSANDRO , RUPERTO NICOLINO , PISTORIO ANGELA , VIOLA STEFANIA , MAGNI-MANZONI SILVIA , MALATTIA CLARA , BUONCOMPAGNI ANTONELLA , LOY ANNA , MARTINI ALBERTO , RAVELLI ANGELO ,   for the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization
Published: November 2018

Objective

To develop and test reduced joint counts in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Four reduced joint counts including 45, 35, 27, and 10 joints were devised by a panel of experienced pediatric rheumatologists, who selected the joints to be included based on the ease of technical assessment, functional relevance, and frequency of involvement. Three large samples of patients with JIA (total n = 4353) who had a detailed joint assessment available were used to develop and test reduced joint counts. Performance of reduced counts was examined by comparing their Spearman correlation with the standard (i.e., complete) joint count. Construct validity was evaluated by calculating Spearman correlation with other JIA outcome measures. Responsiveness to clinical change was determined through the standardized response mean (SRM).

Results

Spearman correlations of reduced joint counts with the whole joint count and with the other JIA outcome measures were comparable, revealing that they had similar ability to serve as surrogate for the whole joint count and construct validity. Responsiveness to clinical change was also comparable across reduced counts (SRM 0.83–1.09 for active joint counts and 0.63–0.81 for restricted joint counts). Based on these results and considering the relative feasibility of the different counts, the 27-joint reduced count is proposed for use in JIA. This joint count includes the cervical spine and the elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal (from first to third), proximal interphalangeal, hip, knee, and ankle joints.

Conclusion

Reduced joint counts appear to be as reliable as standard joint counts in assessment of the severity of joint disease and its change over time in children with JIA.
Subcutaneous Stone Forest (Trebnje, Central Slovenia)
Authors: Knez Martin , Otoničar Bojan , Slabe Tadej
Published: November 2018

Na brečasti dolomitni kamnini se pod debelimi tlemi oblikuje podtalni kamniti gozd. Kamniti stebri so pravilnih oblik, navzgor se ožijo in imajo značilni podtalni skalni relief.The stone forest is generally being formed on the dolomitised limestone and dolomite breccia under a thick layer of soil. The stone columns are of regular shape, they attenuate towards their tops and display the typical subcutaneous rock relief.
Gypsum Karst of Zagros Mountains (I.R. Iran)
Authors: Cucchi Franco , Zini Luca
Published: November 2018

Ob geoloških raziskavah vzdolž reke Karkheh, ki prereže gorsko verigo Zagrosa v zahodnem Iranu, je pritegnila pozornost avtorjev morfologija na evaporitih. V evaporitni formaciji Gachsaran so ločili tri tipe krasa, glede na njihovo lego vzdolž sinklinalne osi ali vzdolž krila gube. Vzdolž sinklinalne osi so vrtače, sufozijske vrtače, jame in udorne vrtače ter zmerno se spuščajoči jamski rovi na stiku apnenca in sadre, ki sledijo največjemu vpadu.Evaporite morphologies have attracted our attention during geological surveys on the Karkheh River, a water course that intersect the chain of the Mountains Zagros in the western Iran. We recognised three types of karst in the evaporitic Gachsaran Formation as a function of the localisation along the syncline axis or along a fold side. There are sinkholes and suffosion dolines or caves and collapse dolines along the syncline axis, gently dipping galleries at the contact between limestone and gypsum following maximum dip.
Cave Forms and Origin of the Cave Pečina v Zjatih (Matarsko Podolje, Slovenia)
Authors: Verbovšek Timotej
Published: November 2018

Jama leži v Matarskem podolju, v SZ delu Slovenije. Okolico sestavljajo apnenci ter apnenčaste breče kredne starosti. Njen vhodni del je udornega nastanka in leži v večji vrtači, jama pa se konča s podorom pod drugo vrtačo. Nad osrednjim delom jame je tudi manjša vrtača; posledica je, da je v tem delu obilnejša siga. Očitne so poškodbe zaradi zmrzali, ki segajo globoko v jamo; v vhodnem delu so značilni pojavi plazenja krioklastičnega grušča. Jama je sprva nastajala v freatčnih, nato pa v epifreatičnih pogojih. Izračunan nekdanji pretok kaže na veliko količino vode.Cave lies in Matarsko podolje, in southwestern part of Slovenia. Surrounding beds are composed of limestones and limestone breccias of Cretaceous age. In the vicinity there are many dolines and collapse dolines. The entrance and final part of the cave are situated directly under the big dolines. Because of the small doline, which can be found above the middle part of the cave, there are many flowstone features. Obvious damages due to the freezing and thawing are found along the most part of the cave, at the entrance there is a lot of cryoclastic gravel. Cave began to form in phreatic and later in epiphreatic conditions. Palaeoflow discharge indicates great amount of water.
The Earliest Chinese Karstologist Xu Xiake
Authors: Ravbar Nataša
Published: November 2018

Prvega pravega znanstvenega raziskovanja krasa in jam na območju južne Kitajske se je lotil Xu Xiake (1587 - 1641). Kras je proučeval več kot trideset let ter obiskal preko 300 jam. Svoja popotovanja po skoraj polovici ozemlja tedanjega kitajskega cesarstva je opisal v knjigi ≈Xu Xiakejeva potovanja« (≈Xu Xiake youji«), ki je bila prvič objavljena leta 1642. Velja za najzgodnejše razprave o krasu in je napisana v obliki dnevnih zapiskov. Opisal je podzemne reke in jezera, vodne vire, narisal je tlorise nekaterih jam in zabeležil njihove vhode ter opisal različne oblike speleotemov, načine plezanja po jamah in metode raziskovanja jam. Prvi je opisal različne tipe tropskega krasa ter se osredotočil na značilnosti in vzroke nastanka stolpastih vzpetin. V literaturo je vpeljal izraz fēnglín (gozd vrhov). Zato Xu Xiake ni oče moderne speleologije, krasoslovja, geomorfologije in geografije le v kitajskem merilu, temveč tudi v svetovnem.The first real scientific exploration of karst and karst caves in south China was undertaken by Xu Xiake (1587 - 1641). Chinese karst was studied by Xu Xiake for more than thirty years. He described his journeys to almost half of the territory of the Ming dynasty in his book ˝Xu Xiake's travels˝ (˝Xu Xiake youji˝), that was first published in 1642. He dedicated a lot of time to the research of the underground world by describing subterranean rivers and lakes as water resources. He also made ground plans of some caves, marked their entrances and described different shapes of speleothems. He first described different ways of climbing in caves and methods for cave research. Altogether he visited over 300 caves. Xu Xiake first described different types of the tropical karst and focused on the characteristics and reasons of the tower hills origin. He introduced the term fenglin (peak forest), which is still used in the scientific literature. However, he is not only the father of the modern speleology, karstology, geomorphology and geography in the Chinese scale but in a worldwide sense.
Presentación
Authors: Esteban Albert Manuel , Sáez Juan
Published: November 2018

El espíritu de la Convergencia Europea que tan bien se encarna en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) sigue dando lugar a una vasta producción teórica, exclusivamente discursiva y en menor medida apoyada en experiencias y en casos concretos, relacionada con los más diferentes aspectos convocados en diversos medios de expresión: documentos, conferencias, ponencias, reuniones, cursos, encuentros, jornadas y oros espacios de reflexión sobre esta urgente cuestión. Lo que  se dice es mucho, mucho más de lo que se hace, por supuesto, pero no siempre lo dicho constituye una aportación al desarrollo de este Espacio de Educación Superior, normalmente instalado en la institución universitaria. Como suele ser frecuente, los discursos preceden a la práctica y, en tanto que ésta suele ser con frecuencia resultado y reflejo de normativas y preceptos, no puede extrañar que lo dicho hasta ahora-discursos, reflexiones, argumentos y teorías- vaya muy por delante de lo hecho, de experiencias, proyectos y prácticas.
Actores y campos: de lo científico y lo profesional
Authors: Campillo Margarita , Pérez Mónica , Gutiérrez Marta
Published: November 2018

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior se apoya y legitima sobre temas nucleares que, con frecuencia, no son considerados en el debate y menos aún en los discursos. Apenas se hace referencia a los diferentes actores que participan en estas transformaciones, dándose por supuesto que están ahí y soslayándose una reflexión a fondo sobre sus respectivos intereses, deseos y poderes. La distinción de Bourdieu entre campo científico y campo profesional permite adentrarse en dos de los actores claves que protagonizan la reforma o la transformación de la institución universitaria: los formadores y los profesionales.

 
Las competencias transversales en la Universidad Pompeu Fabra. La visión de los docentes y estudiantes de segundo ciclo.
Authors: Mir Acebrón Anna
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo recoge la visión y las opiniones de los estudiantes y docentes de la UPF acerca de las competencias transversales, su valoración, su adquisición en la Universidad, y la posible mejora en su desarrollo. El análisis ofrece una doble perspectiva, empírica y cualitativa, para ahondar en las opiniones de los estudiantes y docentes, recoger sus propuestas para la mejora del proceso competencial en la Universidad, e implementar los cambios asociados a la convergencia hacia el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior en las condiciones más adecuadas.
Cartas, indagações e estudos sobre a África centro-ocidental e os Ijebus: a importância dos informantes africanos na produção “científica” francesa na primeira metade do século XIX.
Authors: Santana Aderivaldo Ramos de
Published: November 2018

Um estadista brasileiro que, no inicio do século XIX, deduz o curso do rio Níger a partir do interrogatório que realizou com alguns escravos africanos no Brasil; um naturalista que, seguindo o mesmo método, pretendeu fazer uma síntese de tudo o que se conhecia sobre a África centro-ocidental, utilizando como seus informantes, africanos haussas escravizados em Salvador da Bahia; um homem de “ciência” que, durante a Corte de Louis-Philippe, realizou um estudo sobre o reino Iorubá, recorrendo as informações de um africano ijebu, que havia sido escravo no Brasil e residia em Paris na condição de homem livre. Esses são alguns exemplos de uma história da África elaborada a partir de relato de africanos escravizados. O presente artigo pretende demonstrar de que maneira, durante a primeira metade do século XIX, a utilização de informantes africanos como fontes orais, por parte das sociedades científicas, tiveram um papel de extrema importância na produção de conhecimento sobre o interior do continente africano, sobretudo numa fase preparatória à colonização europeia.
Que a USP descanse em paz! Disputas simbólicas entre jornalistas e acadêmicos em fins dos anos de 1980
Authors: Chiaramonte Aline , Hey Ana Paula
Published: November 2018

O artigo analisa as disputas por legitimidade entre jornalistas e acadêmicos no final dos anos 1980, em São Paulo. Tendo como recurso heurístico o caso da “lista dos improdutivos”, a abordagem concentra-se nos conflitos que têm como centro a produção simbólica, i.é, uma visão única acerca das coisas do mundo. Enfatiza-se a criação, por jornalistas da Folha de S.Paulo, de uma doxa que opõe o Estado ao mercado, o primeiro tendo uma conotação negativa e o segundo positiva, revelando aspectos das disputas nos campos cultural e do poder durante a redemocratização. Entende-se que o jornalismo obteve sucesso na produção e difusão de uma doxa por ter papel central nesse período, tanto na formação de espaços de debate quanto ao dar voz e projetar agentes antes excluídos da vida pública. Demonstra-se que a Folha ao se modernizar, por meio da ação de jornalistas recém-chegados à imprensa, atribuiu-se a função de formar a opinião pública (seu público) e, em nome dela, legitimou-se para agir. Estabelecer a produção de um tipo de conhecimento que emerge pelo confronto marca o jornal como ator ativo no campo cultural contemporâneo.