bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Saponin Extract from Vitex doniana and Pentaclethra macrophylla for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Akaniro-Ejim Nneoma , Ubani Chibuike , Nubila Nkoyo , Nzei Alexander , Nwodo Uchechukwu , Okoh Anthony
Published: June 2016

Saponins are pharmacologically active compounds that have been shown to ameliorate abnormal physiological processes and be aptly applied in folklore for the treatment of maladies occasioned by infectious agents. Consequently, saponins from Vitex doniana and Pentaclethra macrophylla were evaluated for antibacterial properties, as these herbs are used in folk medicine. Dried pulverized plant materials were defatted, and solvents with varying polarity were applied at varying ratios for the extraction of saponins. Phyto-chemistry was in accordance with standard methods, while an antibacterial assay was made through the agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution techniques. Phytochemical quantitation showed high concentrations of tannins, 231 ± 0.6 CE/g, and saponins, 58% from V. doniana. Similarly, P. macrophylla stem bark extract also showed high concentrations of tannins, 309 ± 2.42 CE/g, alkaloids, 71% ± 0.5%, and saponins, 87% ± 3.4%. The ethanol extracts of V. doniana inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11775) and a clinical strain with inhibition zone ranges of 15.5 ± 2.12 to 7.0 ± 0.0 (mm) against leaf extracts and 20.0 ± 1.41 to 7.0 ± 0.0 (mm) against stem bark extracts. Conversely, saponin extract from V. doniana showed a broad spectrum of activity, as it inhibited both Gram-negative and -positive test strains, E. coli clinical strain (20.0 ± 1.41 mm), P. aeruginosa clinical strain (18.5 ± 0.71 mm), E. coli ATCC 11775 (17.0 ± 0 mm), and S. aureus clinical strain (13.0 ± 1.41 mm). However, a broad spectrum was similarly achieved with P. macrophylla extracts, as all test bacteria genus was susceptible. Saponin fractions showed a high potency and broad spectrum antibacterial activity and thus a validation of the folklore applications and the potential for use as a drug or drug scaffold.
Wnt Signaling in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Qi , Krause Mirja , Samoylenko Anatoly , Vainio Seppo
Published: June 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 90% of all kidney cancers. Due to poor diagnosis, high resistance to the systemic therapies and the fact that most RCC cases occur sporadically, current research switched its focus on studying the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC. The aim is the discovery of new effective and less toxic anti-cancer drugs and novel diagnostic markers. Besides the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HGF/Met and VHL/hypoxia cellular signaling pathways, the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in RCC is commonly studied. Wnt signaling and its targeted genes are known to actively participate in different biological processes during embryonic development and renal cancer. Recently, studies have shown that targeting this pathway by alternating/inhibiting its intracellular signal transduction can reduce cancer cells viability and inhibit their growth. The targets and drugs identified show promising potential to serve as novel RCC therapeutics and prognostic markers. This review aims to summarize the current status quo regarding recent research on RCC focusing on the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and how its understanding could facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets, new drugs and diagnostic biomarkers.
Increased Eating Frequency Is Associated with Lower Obesity Risk, But Higher Energy Intake in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yue-Qiao , Zhang Yun-Quan , Zhang Fei , Zhang Yi-Wen , Li Rui , Chen Guo-Xun
Published: June 2016

Body weight is regulated by energy intake which occurs several times a day in humans. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated whether eating frequency (EF) is associated with obesity risk and energy intake in adults without any dietary restriction. Experimental and observational studies published before July 2015 were selected through English-language literature searches in several databases. These studies reported the association between EF and obesity risk (odd ratios, ORs) in adults who were not in dietary restriction. R software was used to perform statistical analyses. Ten cross-sectional studies, consisting of 65,742 participants, were included in this analysis. ORs were considered as effect size for the analysis about the effect of EF on obesity risk. Results showed that the increase of EF was associated with 0.83 time lower odds of obesity (i.e., OR = 0.83, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.70–0.99, p = 0.040). Analysis about the effect of EF on differences in participants’ energy intake revealed that increased EF was associated with higher energy intake (β = 125.36, 95% CI 21.76–228.97, p = 0.017). We conclude that increased EF may lead to lower obesity risk but higher energy intake. Clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results and to assess the clinical practice applicability.
Parallel Landscape Driven Data Reduction & Spatial Interpolation Algorithm for Big LiDAR Data
Authors: Sharma Rahil , Xu Zewei , Sugumaran Ramanathan , Oliveira Suely
Published: June 2016

Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data provide highly accurate digital terrain information, which is used widely in applications like creating flood insurance rate maps, forest and tree studies, coastal change mapping, soil and landscape classification, 3D urban modeling, river bank management, agricultural crop studies, etc. In this paper, we focus mainly on the use of LiDAR data in terrain modeling/Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. Technological advancements in building LiDAR sensors have enabled highly accurate and highly dense LiDAR point clouds, which have made possible high resolution modeling of terrain surfaces. However, high density data result in massive data volumes, which pose computing issues. Computational time required for dissemination, processing and storage of these data is directly proportional to the volume of the data. We describe a novel technique based on the slope map of the terrain, which addresses the challenging problem in the area of spatial data analysis, of reducing this dense LiDAR data without sacrificing its accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever landscape-driven data reduction algorithm. We also perform an empirical study, which shows that there is no significant loss in accuracy for the DEM generated from a 52% reduced LiDAR dataset generated by our algorithm, compared to the DEM generated from an original, complete LiDAR dataset. For the accuracy of our statistical analysis, we perform Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) comparing all of the grid points of the original DEM to the DEM generated by reduced data, instead of comparing a few random control points. Besides, our multi-core data reduction algorithm is highly scalable. We also describe a modified parallel Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation method and show that the DEMs it generates are time-efficient and have better accuracy than the one’s generated by the traditional IDW method.
Targeting the Innate Immune Response to Improve Cardiac Graft Recovery after Heart Transplantation: Implications for the Donation after Cardiac Death
Authors: Toldo Stefano , Quader Mohammed , Salloum Fadi , Mezzaroma Eleonora , Abbate Antonio
Published: June 2016

Heart transplantation (HTx) is the ultimate treatment for end-stage heart failure. The number of patients on waiting lists for heart transplants, however, is much higher than the number of available organs. The shortage of donor hearts is a serious concern since the population affected by heart failure is constantly increasing. Furthermore, the long-term success of HTx poses some challenges despite the improvement in the management of the short-term complications and in the methods to limit graft rejection. Myocardial injury occurs during transplantation. Injury initiated in the donor as result of brain or cardiac death is exacerbated by organ procurement and storage, and is ultimately amplified by reperfusion injury at the time of transplantation. The innate immune system is a mechanism of first-line defense against pathogens and cell injury. Innate immunity is activated during myocardial injury and produces deleterious effects on the heart structure and function. Here, we briefly discuss the role of the innate immunity in the initiation of myocardial injury, with particular focus on the Toll-like receptors and inflammasome, and how to potentially expand the donor population by targeting the innate immune response.
A Framework for Measuring Security as a System Property in Cyberphysical Systems
Authors: Zalewski Janusz , Buckley Ingrid , Czejdo Bogdan , Drager Steven , Kornecki Andrew , Subramanian Nary
Published: June 2016

This paper addresses the challenge of measuring security, understood as a system property, of cyberphysical systems, in the category of similar properties, such as safety and reliability. First, it attempts to define precisely what security, as a system property, really is. Then, an application context is presented, in terms of an attack surface in cyberphysical systems. Contemporary approaches related to the principles of measuring software properties are also discussed, with emphasis on building models. These concepts are illustrated in several case studies, based on previous work of the authors, to conduct experimental security measurements.
Hypoxia Treatment of Callosobruchus maculatus Females and Its Effects on Reproductive Output and Development of Progeny Following Exposure
Authors: Yan Yan , Williams Scott , Baributsa Dieudonne , Murdock Larry
Published: June 2016

Modified atmospheres present a residue-free alternative to fumigants for controlling postharvest pests of grain during storage. How sub-lethal applications of this method affects the reproductive fitness of target pests, however, is still not fully understood. We examined how low levels of ambient oxygen influence the reproduction of the female cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus), a pest of cowpea. We used three low-oxygen atmospheres—2%, 5% and 10% (v/v) oxygen—and observed their effects on: (1) the number of eggs laid by bruchids compared to insects held in normoxic (~20% oxygen) conditions; (2) the total number of eggs laid; and (3) the number of progeny that reached maturity. Low oxygen did not significantly affect the number of eggs laid during 48 or 72 h of exposure, but 2% and 5% oxygen did negatively affected total egg production. Increasing the exposure time from 48 to 72 h further depressed lifetime reproductive output. Maternal and egg exposure to hypoxia reduced the number of progeny that reached adulthood. Lower adult emergence was observed from eggs laid under low oxygen and longer exposure times. These data demonstrate that hermetic conditions depress the egg-laying behavior of cowpea bruchids and the successful development of their progeny.
Oviposition and Sex Ratio of the Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous guildinii, in Soybean
Authors: Temple Joshua , Davis Jeffrey , Hardke Jarrod , Price Paul , Leonard B.
Published: June 2016

Redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), is a significant soybean pest across the mid-south region of the United States. The objectives of these studies were to characterize: (1) redbanded stink bug oviposition in relationship to soybean maturity group (MG), plant structure, crop phenology, and vertical distribution within the plant canopy; and (2) redbanded stink bug adult sex ratios in relationship to soybean phenology. A total of 5645 redbanded stink bug eggs in 421 egg masses (clusters) were field collected from naturally-occurring populations in MG IV and V soybean over a three year period (2009 to 2011). The mean number of eggs within a cluster was 16.6 ± 0.3. Plant structures by MG interactions were highly significant with more egg masses oviposited on leaves in MG IV (79.4%) and more on pods in MG V (72.7%). The ratio of females to males was similar in all soybean growth stages except R5, where the sex ratio increased to 1.4:1, coinciding with peak oviposition. Only 29.9% of egg clusters in MG IV and 18.3% of egg clusters in MG V were oviposited in the upper 35 cm of the soybean canopy. Based on these results, sampling strategies and insecticide application placement for stink bugs may require modification.
A Reinvestigation of a Superhard Tetragonal sp3 Carbon Allotrope
Authors: Xing Mengjiang , Li Binhua , Yu Zhengtao , Chen Qi
Published: June 2016

I 4 ¯ –carbon was first proposed by Zhang et al., this paper will report regarding this phase of carbon. The present paper reports the structural and elastic properties of the three-dimensional carbon allotrope I 4 ¯ –carbon using first-principles density functional theory. The related enthalpy, elastic constants, and phonon spectra confirm that the newly-predicted I 4 ¯ –carbon is thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically stable. The calculated mechanical properties indicate that I 4 ¯ –carbon has a larger bulk modulus (393 GPa), shear modulus (421 GPa), Young’s modulus (931 GPa), and hardness (55.5 GPa), all of which are all slightly larger than those of c-BN. The present results indicate that I 4 ¯ –carbon is a superhard material and an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. Moreover, I 4 ¯ –carbon shows a smaller elastic anisotropy in its linear bulk modulus, shear anisotropic factors, universal anisotropic index, and Young’s modulus.
Oil-in-Water Self-Assembled Synthesis of Ag@AgCl Nano-Particles on Flower-like Bi2O2CO3 with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Lin Shuanglong , Liu Li , Liang Yinghua , Cui Wenquan , Zhang Zisheng
Published: June 2016

In this work, a series of novel flower-like Ag@AgCl/Bi2O2CO3 were prepared by simple and feasible oil-in-water self-assembly processes. The phase structures of as-prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), etc. The characterization results indicated that the presence of Ag@AgCl did not affect the crystal structure, but exerted a great influence on the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O2CO3 and enhanced the absorption band of pure Bi2O2CO3. The photocatalytic activities of the Ag@AgCl/Bi2O2CO3 samples were determined by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The Ag@AgCl (10 wt %)/Bi2O2CO3 composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading 97.9% MB after irradiation for 20 min, which is over 1.64 and 3.66 times faster than that of pure Ag@AgCl (calculated based on the equivalent Ag@AgCl content in Ag@AgCl (10 wt %)/Bi2O2CO3) and pure Bi2O2CO3, respectively. Bisphenol A (BPA) was also degraded to further prove the degradation ability of Ag@AgCl/Bi2O2CO3. Photocurrent studies indicated that the recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs was decreased effectively due to the formation of heterojunctions between flower-like Bi2O2CO3 and Ag@AgCl nanoparticles. Trapping experiments indicated that O2−, h+ and Cl° acted as the main reactive species for MB degradation in the present photocatalytic system. Furthermore, the cycling experiments revealed the good stability of Ag@AgCl/Bi2O2CO3 composites. Based on the above, a photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of organic compounds over Ag@AgCl/Bi2O2CO3 was proposed.
Effectiveness of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Based Lipid Emulsions for Treatment of Patients after Hepatectomy: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Gong Yuanfeng , Liu Zhaohui , Liao Yadi , Mai Cong , Chen Tiejun , Tang Hui , Tang Yunqiang
Published: June 2016

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of parenteral nutritional support with ω-3 PUFAs–based lipid emulsions in patients after liver resection. Methods: A total of 119 patients were randomly assigned to the immunonutrition (IM) group (n = 59) and control group (n = 60). The IM group was continuously given Omegaven® 10% 100 mL/day rather than regular nutrition for five days postoperatively. Venous blood samples were obtained from all subjects before surgery and D1, D3 and D7 after surgery. Results: No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics of the two groups. On D1 after surgery, no statistically significant differences were observed in the blood sample tests between the two groups. On D3 after surgery, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) were dramatically decreased in the IM group (t = 3.065, p = 0.003; t = 2.149, p = 0.034; t = 5.313, p= 0.001; and t = 2.419, p = 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, on D7 after surgery, not only could a significant decrease be observed in the IM group concerning the levels of WBC, ALT and TBil (t = 3.025, p = 0.003; t = 2.094, p = 0.038; and t = 2.046, p = 0.043, respectively), but it was also seen in the level of Δprothrombintime (PT) (t = 2.450, p = 0.016). An increase in the level of prealbumin (Pre-Alb) in the IM group was observed on D7 after surgery (t = 2.237, p = 0.027). The frequency of total complications in the IM group were significantly lower than in the control group (χ2 = 4.225, p = 0.040 and χ2 = 3.174, p = 0.075). The trend favored the IM group in reducing the total infective complications rate (χ2 = 3.174, p = 0.075). A significant decrease in the duration of the hospital stay after surgery was also observed in the IM group (t = 2.012, p = 0.047).Conclusion: ω-3 PUFAs–based lipid emulsions for treatment of patients after hepatectomy are safe and effective in controlling inflammation, protecting liver function, and consequently reducing the rate of total complications and the duration of the hospital stay.
Spatial Rearrangement and Mobility Heterogeneity of an Anionic Lipid Monolayer Induced by the Anchoring of Cationic Semiflexible Polymer Chains
Authors: Duan Xiaozheng , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ran , Ding Mingming , Shi Tongfei , An Lijia , Huang Qingrong , Xu Wen-Sheng
Published: June 2016

We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the interactions between cationic semiflexible polymer chains and a model fluid lipid monolayer composed of charge-neutral phosphatidyl-choline (PC), tetravalent anionic phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and univalent anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids. In particular, we explore how chain rigidity and polymer concentration influence the spatial rearrangement and mobility heterogeneity of the monolayer under the conditions where the cationic polymers anchor on the monolayer. We find that the anchored cationic polymers only sequester the tetravalent PIP2 lipids at low polymer concentrations, where the interaction strength between the polymers and the monolayer exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the degree of chain rigidity. Specifically, maximal anchoring occurs at low polymer concentrations, when the polymer chains have an intermediate degree of rigidity, for which the PIP2 clustering becomes most enhanced and the mobility of the polymer/PIP2 complexes becomes most reduced. On the other hand, at sufficiently high polymer concentrations, the anchoring strength decreases monotonically as the chains stiffen—a result that arises from the pronounced competitions among polymer chains. In this case, the flexible polymers can confine all PIP2 lipids and further sequester the univalent PS lipids, whereas the stiffer polymers tend to partially dissociate from the monolayer and only sequester smaller PIP2 clusters with greater mobilities. We further illustrate that the mobility gradient of the single PIP2 lipids in the sequestered clusters is sensitively modulated by the cooperative effects between anchored segments of the polymers with different rigidities. Our work thus demonstrates that the rigidity and concentration of anchored polymers are both important parameters for tuning the regulation of anionic lipids.
Building Simplified Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment Tool (B‐SCAT) to Support Low‐Carbon Building Design in South Korea
Authors: Roh Seungjun , Tae Sungho
Published: June 2016

Various tools that assess life cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emissions are currently being developed throughout the international community. However, most building LCCO2 emissions assessment tools use a bill of quantities (BOQ), which is calculated after starting a building’s construction. Thus, it is difficult to assess building LCCO2 emissions during the early design phase, even though this capability would be highly effective in reducing LCCO2 emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a Building Simplified LCCO2 emissions Assessment Tool (B‐SCAT) for application in the early design phase of low‐carbon buildings in South Korea, in order to facilitate efficient decision‐making. To that end, in the construction stage, the BOQ and building drawings were analyzed, and a database of quantities and equations describing the finished area were conducted for each building element. In the operation stage, the “Korea Energy Census Report” and the “Korea Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification System” were analyzed, and three kinds of models to evaluate CO2 emissions were proposed. These analyses enabled the development of the B‐SCAT. A case study compared the assessment results performed using the B‐SCAT against a conventional assessment model based on the actual BOQ of the evaluated building. These values closely approximated the conventional assessment results with error rates of less than 3%.
The Sialidase NanS Enhances Non-TcsL Mediated Cytotoxicity of Clostridium sordellii
Authors: Awad Milena , Singleton Julie , Lyras Dena
Published: June 2016

The clostridia produce an arsenal of toxins to facilitate their survival within the host environment. TcsL is one of two major toxins produced by Clostridium sordellii, a human and animal pathogen, and is essential for disease pathogenesis of this bacterium. C. sordellii produces many other toxins, but the role that they play in disease is not known, although previous work has suggested that the sialidase enzyme NanS may be involved in the characteristic leukemoid reaction that occurs during severe disease. In this study we investigated the role of NanS in C. sordellii disease pathogenesis. We constructed a nanS mutant and showed that NanS is the only sialidase produced from C. sordellii strain ATCC9714 since sialidase activity could not be detected from the nanS mutant. Complementation with the wild-type gene restored sialidase production to the nanS mutant strain. Cytotoxicity assays using sialidase-enriched culture supernatants applied to gut (Caco2), vaginal (VK2), and cervical cell lines (End1/E6E7 and Ect1/E6E7) showed that NanS was not cytotoxic to these cells. However, the cytotoxic capacity of a toxin-enriched supernatant to the vaginal and cervical cell lines was substantially enhanced in the presence of NanS. TcsL was not the mediator of the observed cytotoxicity since supernatants harvested from a TcsL-deficient strain displayed similar cytotoxicity levels to TcsL-containing supernatants. This study suggests that NanS works synergistically with an unknown toxin or toxins to exacerbate C. sordellii-mediated tissue damage in the host.
Most Compositae (Asteraceae) are descendants of a paleohexaploid and all share a paleotetraploid ancestor with the Calyceraceae
Authors: Barker Michael S. , Li Zheng , Kidder Thomas I. , Reardon Chris R. , Lai Zhao , Oliveira Luiz O. , Scascitelli Moira , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Like many other flowering plants, members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) have a polyploid ancestry. Previous analyses found evidence for an ancient duplication or possibly triplication in the early evolutionary history of the family. We sought to better place this paleopolyploidy in the phylogeny and assess its nature.

METHODS:

We sequenced new transcriptomes for Barnadesia, the lineage sister to all other Compositae, and four representatives of closely related families. Using a recently developed algorithm, MAPS, we analyzed nuclear gene family phylogenies for evidence of paleopolyploidy.

KEY RESULTS:

We found that the previously recognized Compositae paleopolyploidy is also in the ancestry of the Calyceraceae. Our phylogenomic analyses uncovered evidence for a successive second round of genome duplication among all sampled Compositae except Barnadesia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our analyses of new samples with new tools provide a revised view of paleopolyploidy in the Compositae. Together with results from a high density Lactuca linkage map, our results suggest that the Compositae and Calyceraceae have a common paleotetraploid ancestor and that most Compositae are descendants of a paleohexaploid. Although paleohexaploids have been previously identified, this is the first example where the paleotetraploid and paleohexaploid lineages have survived over tens of millions of years. The complex polyploidy in the ancestry of the Compositae and Calyceraceae represents a unique opportunity to study the long‐term evolutionary fates and consequences of different ploidal levels.
Palladium-catalyzed picolinamide-directed iodination of remote ortho-C−H bonds of arenes: Synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Nack William A , Wang Xinmou , Wang Bo , He Gang , Chen Gong
Published: June 2016

A new palladium-catalyzed picolinamide (PA)-directed ortho-iodination reaction of ε-C(sp2)−H bonds of γ-arylpropylamine substrates is reported. This reaction proceeds selectively with a variety of γ-arylpropylamines bearing strongly electron-donating or withdrawing substituents, complementing our previously reported PA-directed electrophilic aromatic substitution approach to this transformation. As demonstrated herein, a three step sequence of Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)−H arylation, Pd-catalyzed ε-C(sp2)−H iodination, and Cu-catalyzed C−N cyclization enables a streamlined synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines bearing diverse substitution patterns.
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Musa balbisiana Corroborates Structural Heterogeneity of Inverted Repeats in Wild Progenitors of Cultivated Bananas and Plantains
Authors: Shetty Santoshkumar M. , Md Shah Maria Ulfa , Makale Kavyashree , Mohd‐Yusuf Yusmin , Khalid Norzulaani , Othman Rofina Yasmin
Published: June 2016

Complete genome sequencing of cytoplasmically inherited chloroplast DNA provides novel insights into the origins of clonally propagated crops such as banana and plantain (Musa spp.). This study describes the structural organization of the chloroplast genome of M. balbisiana Colla and its phylogenetic relationship with other wild progenitors of the domesticated banana cultivars. The M. balbisiana chloroplast genome was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, followed by a combination of de novo short‐read assembly and reference‐guided mapping of contigs to generate complete plastome sequence. The M. balbisiana chloroplast genome is 169,503 bp in length, exhibits a typical quadripartite structural organization with a large single‐copy (LSC; 87,828 bp) region and a small single‐copy (SSC; 11,547 bp) region interspersed between inverted repeat (IRa/b; 35,064 bp) regions. Overall, its gene content, size, and gene order were identical to that of M. acuminata Colla with extensive expansion of the inverted repeat–small single‐copy (IR‐SSC) junctions. Comparative analyses revealed the conserved IRa‐SSC expansion in three wild Musa species and members of the order Zingiberales. In contrast, IRb‐SSC expansion was conspicuously absent in the sister taxon M. textilis Nee and related species of Zingiberales. Interestingly, phylogenomic assessment based on whole‐plastome and protein‐coding gene sets have provided robust support for the association of M. balbisiana and M. textilis as a sister group, despite the variation in IRb‐SSC expansion. Although the current study substantiates the infrageneric IRb‐SSC fluctuations in Musaceae, extensive taxon sampling is necessary to confirm whether the accessions of section Musa have undergone independent IRb‐SSC expansion relative to section Callimusa.
A Consensus Map in Cultivated Hexaploid Oat Reveals Conserved Grass Synteny with Substantial Subgenome Rearrangement
Authors: Chaffin Ashley S. , Huang Yung‐Fen , Smith Scott , Bekele Wubishet A. , Babiker Ebrahiem , Gnanesh Belaghihalli N. , Foresman Bradley J. , Blanchard Steven G. , Jay Jeremy J. , Reid Robert W. , Wight Charlene P. , Chao Shiaoman , Oliver Rebekah , Islamovic Emir , Kolb Frederic L. , McCartney Curt , Mitchell Fetch Jennifer W. , Beattie Aaron D. , Bjørnstad Åsmund , Bonman J. Michael , Langdon Tim , Howarth Catherine J. , Brouwer Cory R. , Jellen Eric N. , Klos Kathy Esvelt , Poland Jesse A. , Hsieh Tzung‐Fu , Brown Ryan , Jackson Eric , Schlueter Jessica A. , Tinker Nicholas A.
Published: June 2016

Hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42) is a member of the Poaceae family and has a large genome (∼12.5 Gb) containing 21 chromosome pairs from three ancestral genomes. Physical rearrangements among parental genomes have hindered the development of linkage maps in this species. The objective of this work was to develop a single high‐density consensus linkage map that is representative of the majority of commonly grown oat varieties. Data from a cDNA‐derived single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) were collected from the progeny of 12 biparental recombinant inbred line populations derived from 19 parents representing oat germplasm cultivated primarily in North America. Linkage groups from all mapping populations were compared to identify 21 clusters of conserved collinearity. Linkage groups within each cluster were then merged into 21 consensus chromosomes, generating a framework consensus map of 7202 markers spanning 2843 cM. An additional 9678 markers were placed on this map with a lower degree of certainty. Assignment to physical chromosomes with high confidence was made for nine chromosomes. Comparison of homeologous regions among oat chromosomes and matches to orthologous regions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveal that the hexaploid oat genome has been highly rearranged relative to its ancestral diploid genomes as a result of frequent translocations among chromosomes. Heterogeneous chromosome rearrangements among populations were also evident, probably accounting for the failure of some linkage groups to match the consensus. This work contributes to a further understanding of the organization and evolution of hexaploid grass genomes.
CIRCUMSTELLAR AND EXPLOSION PROPERTIES OF TYPE Ibn SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Moriya Takashi J. , Maeda Keiichi
Published: June 2016

We investigate circumstellar and explosion properties of Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) by analyzing their bolometric light curves (LCs). Bolometric LCs of SNe Ibn generally have a large contrast between peak luminosity and late-phase luminosity, which is much larger than those of 56Ni-powered SNe. Thus, most of them are likely powered by the interaction between SN ejecta and dense circumstellar media. In addition, SNe Ibn decline much faster than SNe IIn, and this indicates that the interaction in SNe Ibn ceases earlier than in SNe IIn. Thus, we argue that SN Ibn progenitors experience high mass-loss rates in a short period just before explosion, while SN IIn progenitors have high mass-loss rates sustained for a long time. Furthermore, we show that rise time and peak luminosity of SNe Ibn and IIn are similar and thus, they have similar explosion properties and circumstellar density. The similar circumstellar density in the two kinds of SNe may indicate that mass-loss rates of SN Ibn progenitors are generally higher than those of Type IIn as the wind velocities inferred from narrow spectral components are generally higher in SNe Ibn. We also show that

mass and explosion energy of SNe Ibn may be smaller than those of other stripped-envelope SNe, probably because they tend to suffer large fallback or some of them may not even be terminal stellar explosions.
AMENDED RESULTS FOR HARD X-RAY EMISSION BY NON-THERMAL THICK TARGET RECOMBINATION IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Reep J. W. , Brown J. C.
Published: June 2016

Brown & Mallik and the corresponding corrigendum Brown et al. presented expressions for non-thermal recombination (NTR) in the collisionally thin- and thick-target regimes, claiming that the process could account for a substantial part of the hard X-ray continuum in solar flares usually attributed entirely to thermal and non-thermal bremsstrahlung (NTB). However, we have found the thick-target expression to become unphysical for low cut-offs in the injected electron energy spectrum. We trace this to an error in the derivation, derive a corrected version that is real-valued and continuous for all photon energies and cut-offs, and show that, for thick targets, Brown et al. overestimated NTR emission at small photon energies. The regime of small cut-offs and large spectral indices involve large (reducing) correction factors but in some other thick-target parameter regimes NTR/NTB can still be of the order of unity. We comment on the importance of these results to flare and microflare modeling and spectral fitting. An empirical fit to our results shows that the peak NTR contribution comprises over half of the hard X-ray signal if

.
ARE IRIS BOMBS CONNECTED TO ELLERMAN BOMBS?
Authors: Tian Hui , Xu Zhi , He Jiansen , Madsen Chad
Published: June 2016

Recent observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have revealed pockets of hot gas (∼2–8 × 104 K) potentially resulting from magnetic reconnection in the partially ionized lower solar atmosphere (IRIS bombs; IBs). Using joint observations between IRIS and the Chinese New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we have identified 10 IBs. We find that 3 are unambiguously and 3 others are possibly connected to Ellerman bombs (EBs), which show intense brightening of the extended

wings without leaving an obvious signature in the

core. These bombs generally reveal the following distinct properties: (1) the O iv 1401.156 Å and 1399.774 Å lines are absent or very weak; (2) the Mn i 2795.640 Å line manifests as an absorption feature superimposed on the greatly enhanced Mg ii k line wing; (3) the Mg ii k and h lines show intense brightening in the wings and no dramatic enhancement in the cores; (4) chromospheric absorption lines such as Ni ii 1393.330 Å and 1335.203 Å are very strong; and (5) the 1700 Å images obtained with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory reveal intense and compact brightenings. These properties support the formation of these bombs in the photosphere, demonstrating that EBs can be heated much more efficiently than previously thought. We also demonstrate that the Mg ii k and h lines can be used to investigate EBs similarly to

, which opens a promising new window for EB studies. The remaining four IBs obviously have no connection to EBs and they do not have the properties mentioned above, suggesting a higher formation layer, possibly in the chromosphere.
ENERGY DISSIPATION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE INHOMOGENEOUS INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION
Authors: Kaurov Alexander A.
Published: June 2016

We explore a time-dependent energy dissipation of the energetic electrons in the inhomogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of cosmic reionization. In addition to the atomic processes, we take into account the inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the electrons on the cosmic microwave background photons, which is the dominant channel of energy loss for electrons with energies above a few MeV. We show that: (1) the effect on the IGM has both local (atomic processes) and non-local (IC radiation) components; (2) the energy distribution between hydrogen and helium ionizations depends on the initial energy of an electron; (3) the local baryon overdensity significantly affects the fractions of energy distributed in each channel; and (4) the relativistic effect of the atomic cross-section becomes important during the epoch of cosmic reionization. We release our code as open source for further modification by the community.
LINE BROADENING AND THE SOLAR OPACITY PROBLEM
Authors: Krief M. , Feigel A. , Gazit D.
Published: June 2016

The calculation of line widths constitutes theoretical and computational challenges in the calculation of opacities of hot, dense plasmas. Opacity models use line broadening approximations that are untested at stellar interior conditions. Moreover, calculations of atomic spectra of the Sun indicate a large discrepancy in the K-shell line widths between several atomic codes and the Opacity-Project (OP). In this work, the atomic code STAR is used to study the sensitivity of solar opacities to line broadening. Variations in the solar opacity profile due to an increase of the Stark widths resulting from discrepancies with OP, are compared, in light of the solar opacity problem, with the required opacity variations of the present day Sun, as imposed by helioseismic and neutrino observations. The resulting variation profile is much larger than the discrepancy between different atomic codes, agrees qualitatively with the missing opacity profile, recovers about half of the missing opacity nearby the convection boundary, and has a little effect in the internal regions. Since it is hard to estimate quantitatively the uncertainty in the Stark widths, we show that an increase of all line widths by a factor of about ∼100 recovers quantitatively the missing opacity. These results emphasize the possibility that photoexcitation processes are not modeled properly, and more specifically, highlight the need for a better theoretical characterization of the line broadening phenomena at stellar interior conditions, and of the uncertainty due to the way it is implemented by atomic codes.
UNEXPECTED SERIES OF REGULAR FREQUENCY SPACING OF δ SCUTI STARS IN THE NON-ASYMPTOTIC REGIME. II. SAMPLE–ECHELLE DIAGRAMS AND ROTATION
Authors: Paparó M. , Benkő J. M. , Hareter M. , Guzik J. A.
Published: June 2016

A sequence search method was developed for searching for regular frequency spacing in δ Scuti stars by visual inspection (VI) and algorithmic search. The sample contains 90 δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT. An example is given to represent the VI. The algorithm (SSA) is described in detail. The data treatment of the CoRoT light curves, the criteria for frequency filtering, and the spacings derived by two methods (i.e., three approaches: VI, SSA, and FT) are given for each target. Echelle diagrams are presented for 77 targets for which at least one sequence of regular spacing was identified. Comparing the spacing and the shifts between pairs of echelle ridges revealed that at least one pair of echelle ridges is shifted to midway between the spacing for 22 stars. The estimated rotational frequencies compared to the shifts revealed rotationally split doublets, triplets, and multiplets not only for single frequencies, but for the complete echelle ridges in 31 δ Scuti stars. Using several possible assumptions for the origin of the spacings, we derived the large separation (

) that are distributed along the mean density versus large separations relation derived from stellar models.
Le conseil vu comme une chasse au trésor
Authors: Fassbind-Kech Liselotte , Dewarat Maryse
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article Liselotte Fassbind-Kech présente ce qu’est le conseil, en particulier le conseil en Analyse Transactionnelle et nous entraîne dans une chasse au trésor. La carte pour découvrir ces richesses est l’axe du temps. Nous nous déplaçons, de la naissance et même avant, jusqu’à la mort et même après suivant les croyances des clients. Mais quels sont ces Eldorados ? Contrairement aux chasses aux trésors de notre enfance où les cassettes étaient cachées dans la nature, ici les magots sont en nous. Nous avons des ressources souvent méconnues et le travail du conseiller est de servir de guide pour découvrir ce capital. Liselotte Fassbind-Kech dresse une liste de ces choses précieuses, celles du passé, du présent et du futur. Elle partage avec nous des exemples sortis de sa malle à trésors personnelle ainsi que son enthousiasme à la recherche de cette manne que sont les ressources enfouies en nous. F.H
France Brécard, prix Raymond Hostie 2016
Authors: Brécard France
Published: June 2016

Le prix Raymond Hostie 2016 a été attribué à l’article de France Brécard, « La lutte avec nos démons : pourquoi nous n’écrivons pas… plus » (Actualités en Analyse Transactionnelle, N° 146, avril 2014, p. 44-54). Dans son discours de réception, la lauréate nous parle de son chemin vers l’écriture. Je vous laisse découvrir Louise, Germaine, et tous les autres qui ont compté pour elle. Merci France pour l’humour, l’authenticité et la vitalité qui traversent chacun de tes écrits. C.F.
L’argent, traducteur universel des passions idolâtres
Authors: Berlanda Thierry
Published: June 2016

L’argent en lui-même n’est rien. Il en est pourtant venu à instaurer un vide gigantesque, là où un plus grand bien que lui, réel et consistant, régnait jadis. Qui était donc ce géant dont l’argent, semble-t-il, a pris la place, voire même l’aspect ? C’était la vie elle-même, ou plutôt la conscience et donc la joie que nous en avions. Ce mouvement millénaire, dont nous rappellerons le ressort phénoménologique radical, peut-il s’inverser ? Est-il encore temps que conscience et joie de vivre reprennent enfin chair ?
Monnaie des sauvages et monnaie des modernes
Authors: Caillé Alain
Published: June 2016

L’argent n’a pas l’universalité qu’on lui prête. S’il permet en principe aujourd’hui de tout acheter ou presque, dans les sociétés archaïques il n’achète rien, ou presque. Ou alors à travers des détours extraordinairement complexes. Il ne permet pas d’acheter mais de payer, pacare , pacifier. De s’acquitter de ses dettes, à commencer par la dette de vie.
Le vol et l’envol d’une enfant
Authors: Mauchant-Renoult Pascale
Published: June 2016

L’argent intervient pour régler les séances d’analyse. Pour une enfant placée dans une institution publique, le lien est ténu puisque c’est un service administratif et non l’équipe en charge de l’enfant qui honore ce règlement. Le vol de l’argent de la thérapeute par cette enfant va initier un ensemble de bouleversements au sein de la relation transférentielle établie. La dynamique prospective de la thérapie va alors pouvoir véritablement s’animer.
La dématérialisation de l’art et de l’argent
Authors: Margaron Alain
Published: June 2016

Pour Alain Margaron, ancien banquier, galeriste, il existe un parallèle entre la dématérialisation de l’art contemporain et celles de la monnaie et des biens et services vendus par les entreprises. Cette triple dématérialisation est l’un des facteurs d’explication de l’évolution de la création artistique contemporaine, au détriment du contenu intrinsèque des œuvres. Cette évolution est-elle durable?
Payer jouer
Authors: Simon Marie-Christine
Published: June 2016

À partir d’une situation clinique, le moment de payer, partie intégrante de l’espace-temps de clôture de la séance analytique, est considéré comme un jeu symbolique qui soutient le processus de différenciation chez un sujet limite.
Une économie de l’argent
Authors: de la Vaissière Bertrand
Published: June 2016

La question de l’argent lunaire est au cœur de l’analyse, puisqu’il est l’énergie de la terre. Mais l’argent, en tant qu’or a également des qualités spirituelles. Il correspond évidemment à des influences archétypiques face auxquelles il convient de se situer. On peut être frappé par la communauté sémantique et lexicale entre la science économique et la psychologie analytique. L’auteur ose quelques rapprochements entre des dispositions et orientations cliniques et des concepts et mesures de politique macroéconomique. On retrouve les mêmes questions qui traversent l’interrogation sur le cadre analytique.
D’argent et d’or
Authors: Dufour Micheline
Published: June 2016

Clarté lunaire et lumière solaire en séance analytique.
An overview of JIEM’s second year, and a prospect of its third
Authors: Sallan Jose M , Enache Mihaela , Albareda-Sambola Maria , Fernandez Vicenc , Simo Pep
Published: June 2016

This editorial honors the tradition established in the Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM) since its inception, of presenting some relevant information about the evolution of JIEM during 2009, and about the future directions of the journal. We focus on issues concerning the quality of the journal (editorial board and reviewing process), prestige (progress on indexation), social responsibility and financial viability. We also provide information about the future evolution of JIEM, advancing the contents of the special issues planned for 2010 and 2011.
From Yeats to Friel: Irish Mythology through Arts and Science in the 20th century
Authors: Armao Frédéric
Published: June 2016

The present article aims analyzes the use of Irish
mythology (and more specifically of “Celtic” festivals) in the course
of the 20th century by two Irish authors, William
Butler Yeats and Brian Friel. This use, which one may at first think
dictated solely by artistic considerations, turns out to be more
profound and symptomatic of Irish culture – this Irishness which is so often connected to political
and/or religious values. The study of the notion of “science” and its
impact on the culture and customs of modern Ireland will prove helpful
since the issue was tackled directly by both authors, be it as a
complement or a potential rival to the Irish way(s).
Auguste Sabatier : le symbolisme critique
Authors: Reymond Bernard
Published: June 2016

« Symbolisme critique » est l’expression qui situe le mieux la pensée d’Auguste Sabatier présenté communément comme l’un des deux principaux mentors du « symbolo-fidéisme ». C’est aussi l’aboutissement d’un cheminement théologique qui a commencé avec ses études sur Paul et Jésus, où il s’est interrogé sur les relations entre leur personne et leur message. Puis, dans la foulée de Schleiermacher il s’est interrogé sur la notion même de religion, ce qui l’a conduit à relever qu’il n’y a pas de religion sans rites et sans doctrines, ce qui entraîne toute une réflexion sur la doctrine et sa relation avec les postures d’autorité, pour aboutir au symbolisme critique qui, justement, conjugue indissociablement l’exigence d’une pensée doctrinale et celle d’une critique toujours en éveil.
Après le libéralisme protestant du XIXe siècle et après Barth et Tillich
Authors: Gisel Pierre
Published: June 2016

Cet article propose centralement une comparaison de Barth et de Tillich sur la question de Dieu et du religieux, lus au prisme non d’une bonne ou mauvaise doctrine venant après le libéralisme et l’ayant critiqué ou récusé, mais comme une manière de s’articuler à un présent qui n’est plus le même. Cet examen fait voir la centralité de questions qui ne sont plus celles de notre temps qui marque, lui, un nouveau déplacement. Du coup sont mis en ligne le libéralisme protestant du xixe, Barth et Tillich, la situation présente, chacun de ces trois moments devant être apprécié au vu des manières effectives de répondre des questions données, aucun n’étant à rejeter ou à sanctionner au plan de ses énoncés propres et principiellement, hors situation. Travailler ainsi peut être une manière de poursuivre l’effort qui sous-tendait le libéralisme, indépendamment de ce qu’on peut penser de ce qui y avait alors été avancé.
Salut extrinsèque et salut intrinsèque chez Georg Simmel
Authors: Bourquin Gilles
Published: June 2016

L’auteur présente certains éléments de la philosophie de la religion de Georg Simmel qu’il inscrit dans une histoire du protestantisme libéral. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse à la conception simmélienne du salut, qu’il voit comme l’« extrême limite » de la tendance subjectiviste de la théologie libérale : le salut ne reposerait plus que sur l’âme elle-même. La position confine au solipsisme et conduit finalement à une aporie, reconnue, selon l’auteur, par Simmel lui-même. L’étude de cette position finalement aporétique offre néanmoins une introduction stimulante dans les débats internes au néo-protestantisme dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne, en une période de « crise des valeurs » et du religieux.