bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of TRIM25 in Lung Cancer Regulates Tumor Cell Progression
Authors: Qin Ying , Cui He , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2015

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although great efforts and progressions have been made in the study of the lung cancer in the recent decades, the mechanism of lung cancer formation remains elusive. To establish effective therapeutic methods, new targets implied in lung cancer processes have to be identified. Tripartite motif-containing 25 has been associated with ovarian and breast cancer and is thought to positively promote cell growth by targeting the cell cycle. However, whether tripartite motif-containing 25 has a function in lung cancer development remains unknown. In this study, we found that tripartite motif-containing 25 was overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues. Expression of tripartite motif-containing 25 in lung cancer cells is important for cell proliferation and migration. Knockdown of tripartite motif-containing 25 markedly reduced proliferation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and reduced migration of lung cancer cells in vitro. Meanwhile, tripartite motif-containing 25 silencing also increased the sensitivity of doxorubicin and significantly increased death and apoptosis of lung cancer cells by doxorubicin were achieved with knockdown of tripartite motif-containing 25. We also observed that tripartite motif-containing 25 formed a complex with p53 and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) in both human lung cancer tissues and in lung cancer cells and tripartite motif-containing 25 silencing increased the expression of p53. These results provide evidence that tripartite motif-containing 25 contributes to the pathogenesis of lung cancer probably by promoting proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. Therefore, targeting tripartite motif-containing 25 may provide a potential therapeutic intervention for lung cancer.
Treatment of emphysema using bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil technology: an update on efficacy and safety
Authors: Hartman Jorine E. , Klooster Karin , Ten Hacken Nick H.T. , Slebos Dirk-Jan
Published: June 2015

In the last decade several promising bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) treatments were developed and investigated. One of these treatments is BLVR treatment with coils. The advantage of this specific treatment is that it works independently of collateral flow, and also shows promise for patients with a more homogeneous emphysema disease distribution. Seven years ago, the very first patients were treated with BLVR coil treatment and currently large randomized, controlled trials are underway. The aim of this article is to review the available literature and provide an update on the current knowledge on the efficacy and safety of BLVR treatment with coils.
A case study of healthcare professional views on the meaning of data produced by hand hygiene auditing
Authors: Dawson Carolyn H
Published: June 2015

Background:

Measurement of hand hygiene (HH), crucial for patient safety, has acknowledged flaws stemming from methods available. Even direct observation, the World Health Organization gold standard, may lead to behaviour changes which can affect outcome validity. However, it remains important to understand current levels of HH to allow targeted interventions to be developed. This has resulted in wider adoption of auditing processes.

Aim:

This study addressed how healthcare professionals perceive data generated by HH auditing processes.

Methods:

Qualitative study involving participatory observation and semi-structured interviews with 30 healthcare professionals recruited from a large National Health Service (NHS) two-hospital site in England.

Findings:

Healthcare professionals perceived two main problems with HH measurement, both associated with feedback: (1) lack of clarity with regard to feedback; and (2) lack of association between training and measurement. In addition, concerns about data accuracy led the majority of participants (22/30) to conclude audit feedback is often ‘meaningless’.

Conclusion:

Healthcare professionals require meaningful data on compliance with HH to engender change, as part of a multimodal strategy. Currently healthcare professionals perceive that data lack meaning, and are not seen as drivers to improve HH performance. Potential opportunities to change practice and improve HH are being missed.
Hospital Executives’ Perceptions of End-of-Life Care
Authors: Garner Kimberly K. , Lefler Leanne L. , McSweeney Jean C. , Dubbert Patricia M. , Sullivan Dennis H. , Kirchner JoAnn E.
Published: June 2015

Hospital executives are key stakeholders in the hospital setting. However, despite extensive medical and nursing literature on the importance of end-of-life (EOL) care in hospitals, little is known about hospital executives’ perceptions of the provision of EOL care in their facilities. The objective of this study was to capture hospital executives’ perceptions of the provision of EOL care in the hospital setting. This descriptive, naturalistic phenomenological, qualitative study utilized in-person interviews to explore executives’ opinions and beliefs. The sample consisted of 14 individuals in the roles of medical center directors, chiefs of staff, chief medical officers, hospital administrators, hospital risk managers, and regional counsel in Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas. An interview guide was developed and conducted utilizing a global question followed by probes concerning perceptions of EOL care provision. Hospital executives acknowledged that EOL care was a very important issue, and more attention should be paid to it in the hospital setting. Their comments and suggestions for improvement focused on (a) current EOL care, (b) barriers to changing EOL care, and (c) enhancing provision of EOL care in the hospital setting. The findings of this study suggest that hospital executives although key change agents, may have insufficient EOL information to implement steps toward cultural and infrastructural change and should therefore be included in any EOL discussions and education.
The Neural Correlates of Memory for a Life-Threatening Event
Authors: Palombo Daniela J. , McKinnon Margaret C. , McIntosh Anthony R. , Anderson Adam K. , Todd Rebecca M. , Levine Brian
Published: June 2015

We investigated the neural correlates of remote traumatic reexperiencing in survivors of a life-threatening incident: the near crash of Air Transat (AT) Flight 236. Survivors’ brain activity was monitored during video-cued recollection of the AT disaster, September 11, 2001 (9/11), and a comparatively nonemotional (neutral) event. Passengers showed a robust memory enhancement effect for the AT incident relative to the 9/11 and neutral events. This traumatic memory enhancement was associated with activation in the amygdala, medial temporal lobe, anterior and posterior midline, and visual cortex in passengers. This brain–behavior relationship also held in relation to 9/11, which had elevated significance for passengers given its temporal proximity to the AT disaster. This pattern was not observed in a comparison group of nontraumatized individuals who were also scanned. These findings suggest that remote traumatic memory is mediated by amygdalar activity, which likely enhances vividness via influences on hippocampal and ventral visual systems.
Disc Golf, a Growing Sport
Authors: Nelson Joseph T. , Jones Richard E. , Runstrom Michael , Hardy Jolene
Published: June 2015

Background

Disc golf is a sport played much like traditional golf, but rather than using a ball and club, players throw flying discs with various throwing motions. It has been played by an estimated 8 to 12 million people in the United States. Like all sports, injuries sustained while playing disc golf are not uncommon. Although formalized in the 1970s, it has grown at a rapid pace; however, disc golf–related injuries have yet to be described in the medical literature.

Purpose

To describe the most common injuries incurred by disc golf players while comparing the different types of throwing styles.

Study Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods

The data in this study were collected from 883 disc golf players who responded to an online survey collected over a 1-month period. Respondents answered 49 questions related to demographics, experience, style of play, and injury details. Using a chi-square analysis, common injuries sustained in players using backhand and forehand throwing styles were compared.

Results

More than 81% of respondents stated that they had sustained an injury playing disc golf, including injuries to the elbow (n = 325), shoulder (n = 305), back (n = 218), and knee (n = 199). The injuries were most commonly described as a muscle strain (n = 241), sprain (n = 162), and tendinitis (n = 145). The type of throw primarily used by players varied, with 86.2% using backhand, 12.7% using forehand, and 1.1% using an overhead throw. Players using a forehand throw were more likely to sustain an elbow injury ( P = .014). Many players (n = 115) stated they had undergone surgery due to a disc golf–related injury, with the most common surgeries including meniscal, shoulder, spine, and foot/ankle surgeries.

Conclusion

The majority of surveyed disc golfers sustained at least 1 injury while playing disc golf, with many requiring surgery. The types of injuries sustained by players varied by the types of throw primarily used. As the sport of disc golf continues to expand, health professionals should be aware of injuries sustained, with future studies focusing on injury prevention and education strategies.
Yersinia enterocolitica Septicemia After Chitterling Ingestion in a Pediatric Patient With Iron Overload Disease
Authors: Moon Tara D. , Ma Steven , Sheram Mary Lynn
Published: June 2015

Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative cocobacillus causing a range of illness from self-limited enteritis to invasive disease, including septicemia. It is a particularly virulent pathogen in patients with underlying hemoglobinopathies who are predisposed to iron overload. A substantial risk factor for disease in children and infants is exposure to the household preparation of chitterlings. Early identification of these patients is critical in the pediatric intensive care unit as this cause of septicemia can be missed with the potential for significant morbidity. We report an interesting case of Yersinia septicemia in a patient with iron overload disease from chitterling ingestion managed in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Coating behaviour and nugget formation during resistance welding of hot forming steels
Authors: Saha D. C. , Ji C. W. , Park Y. D.
Published: June 2015

In this work, the effects of the coating composition and the welding parameters on the heat generation and nugget formation during resistance spot welding of the hot press forming steels have been evaluated. Two types of coated steels were used, termed as Al–Si and Zn coating. Al–Si coated steel showed rapid nugget growth toward the electrode direction, which is the probable reason of the higher heat conduction from the electrode–sheet surface toward the bulk material. In Zn coated steel, heat was generated and localised at the faying interface and uniformly propagated to the steel substrate. High speed camera images showed that the presence of oxide at faying interface provides inhomogeneous current flow and violent heat generation in the Zn coated steel.
RAP-011 improves erythropoiesis in zebrafish model of Diamond-Blackfan anemia through antagonizing lefty1
Authors: Ear Jason , Huang Haigen , Wilson Tianna , Tehrani Zahra , Lindgren Anne , Sung Victoria , Laadem Abderrahmane , Daniel Thomas O. , Chopra Rajesh , Lin Shuo
Published: June 2015

Key Points

Ribosome deficiency in zebrafish leads to defects in erythroid maturation and is reversed by RAP-011 treatment. Identification of lefty1 as a key mediator of erythropoiesis.
Electronic Coupling in Nanoscale InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Pairs Separated by a Thin Ga(Al)As Spacer
Authors: Liu Yao , Liang Baolai , Guo Qinglin , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng , Fu Nian , Wang Zhiming M , Mazur Yuriy I , Salamo Gregory J
Published: June 2015

The electronic coupling in vertically aligned InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) pairs is investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. A thin Al0.5Ga0.5As barrier greatly changes the energy transfer process and the optical performance of the QD pairs. As a result, the QD PL intensity ratio shows different dependence on the intensity and wavelength of the excitation laser. Time-resolved PL measurements give a carrier tunneling time of 380 ps from the seed layer QDs to the top layer QDs while it elongates to 780 ps after inserting the thin Al0.5Ga0.5As barrier. These results provide useful information for fabrication and investigation of artificial QD molecules for implementing quantum computation applications.
Early resolution of subretinal fluid without high-dose corticosteroids in a pregnant patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a case report
Authors: Sugita Keijiro , Mizumoto Kyoichi , Kato Nahoko , Zako Masahiro
Published: June 2015

Background

At present, there is no standard of treatment using systemic high-dose corticosteroids in cases of pregnant women with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Although high-dose systemic corticosteroid treatment is often used for VKH disease during pregnancy, it also poses a risk to the fetus.

Findings

A 29-year-old woman in the 34th week of pregnancy experienced bilateral metamorphopsia. She had been receiving 5 mg of prednisolone daily for the past 8 years as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. In order to prevent progression of bilateral serous retinal detachment caused by VKH disease, we recommended the use of high-dose systemic corticosteroids but the patient refused. Thus, we administered only topical ophthalmic betamethasone for mild anterior uveitis. Surprisingly, however, the bilateral bullous retinal detachment healed in just 19 days after the onset of symptoms. A healthy baby was born 1 month later, and sunset glow fundus was subsequently observed without any recurrence of uveitis.

Conclusions

We report a case in which bilateral subretinal fluid caused by VKH disease in a young woman during late pregnancy resolved without high-dose corticosteroid treatment. Pregnancy may have had a beneficial effect on uveitis activity caused by VKH disease. To our knowledge, this report describes the shortest healing period for bilateral bullous retinal detachment in a pregnant woman with VKH disease.
Comprehensive gene panels provide advantages over clinical exome sequencing for Mendelian diseases
Authors:   Saudi Mendeliome Group
Published: June 2015

Background

To understand the contribution of Mendelian mutations to the burden of undiagnosed diseases that are suspected to be genetic in origin, we developed a next-generation sequencing-based multiplexing assay that encompasses the ~3000 known Mendelian genes. This assay, which we term the Mendeliome, comprises 13 gene panels based on clinical themes, covering the spectrum of pediatric and adult clinical genetic medicine. We explore how these panels compare with clinical whole exome sequencing (WES).

Results

We tested 2357 patients referred with suspected genetic diagnoses from virtually every medical specialty. A likely causal mutation was identified in 1018 patients, with an overall clinical sensitivity of 43 %, comparing favorably with WES. Furthermore, the cost of clinical-grade WES is high (typically more than 4500 US dollars), whereas the cost of running a sample on one of our panels is around 75–150 US dollars, depending on the panel. Of the “negative” cases, 11 % were subsequently found by WES to harbor a likely causal mutation in a known disease gene (largely in genes identified after the design of our assay), as inferred from a representative sample of 178. Although our study population is enriched for consanguinity, 245 (24 %) of solved cases were autosomal dominant and 35 (4 %) were X-linked, suggesting that our assay is also applicable to outbred populations.

Conclusions

Despite missing a significant number of cases, the current version of the Mendeliome assay can account for a large proportion of suspected genetic disorders, and provides significant practical advantages over clinical WES.
Spectrum sharing on interference channels with a cognitive relay
Authors: Li Qiang , Pandharipande Ashish , Ting See Ho , Ge Xiaohu
Published: June 2015

In this paper, an interference channel with a cognitive relay (IFC-CR) is considered to achieve spectrum sharing between a licensed primary user and an unlicensed secondary user. The CR assists both users in relaying their messages to the respective receivers, under the constraint that the performance of the legacy primary user is not degraded. Without requiring any non-causal knowledge, the CR uses a successive interference cancellation to first decode the primary and secondary messages after a transmission phase. A power allocation is then performed to forward a linear weighted combination of the processed signals in the relaying phase. Closed-form expressions of the end-to-end outage probability are derived for both primary and secondary users under the proposed approach. Furthermore, by exploiting the decoded primary and secondary messages in the first phase, we propose the use of dirty paper coding (DPC) at CR to pre-cancel the interference seen at the secondary (or primary) receiver in the second phase, which results in a performance upper bound for the secondary (or primary) user without affecting the other user. Simulation results demonstrate that with a joint consideration of the power control at the secondary transmitter and the power allocation at CR, performance gains can be achieved for both primary and secondary users.
A decade of labour market reforms in the EU: insights from the LABREF database
Authors: Turrini Alessandro , Koltay Gabor , Pierini Fabiana , Goffard Clarisse , Kiss Aron
Published: June 2015

This paper analyses the main features and determinants of labour market reforms in the EU over the period of 2000–2011 using the European Commission LABREF database. The data suggests that the timing, focus, and geographical distribution of reforms reflect the interplay between economic shocks and existing institutions. The 2008 crisis was followed by increased policy activity in most policy domains in a large number of EU countries, initially to cushion the impact of the crisis on employment and incomes, subsequently to improve the adjustment capacity of labour markets. Regression analysis indicates that reform activism is stronger in countries with lower GDP per capita and long-standing EU membership, under critical economic and labour market conditions, and where political costs are low. The direction of reforms is affected by economic and labour market conditions, available fiscal space, and by initial policy settings.

JEL classification: J20, J38, J48, J58, J68
Noise-based monitoring and imaging of aseismic transient deformation induced by the 2006 Basel reservoir stimulation
Authors: Hillers Gregor , Husen Stephan , Obermann Anne , Planès Thomas , Larose Eric , Campillo Michel
Published: June 2015

We have analyzed the time-dependent properties of the ambient seismic wavefield between 0.1 and 8 Hz to detect, resolve, monitor, and image the deformation induced by the water injection associated with the stimulation of the 2006 Deep Heat Mining Project in the city of Basel, Switzerland. The application of passive methods allowed the detection of an aseismic transient of approximately 35 days’ duration that began with the onset of the reservoir stimulation. Peak deformation was reached some 15 days after the bleed-off and after the induced seismicity ceased. We resolved a significant increase in seismic velocities and a simultaneous decorrelation of the noise correlation coda waveforms. The wavefield properties implied that the material response was monitored mainly in the sedimentary layer ([Formula: see text]) above the stimulated volume that was approximately 4.5 km deep. We inverted the velocity-change and decorrelation data to estimate the spatial distribution of the medium changes. The resulting images showed that the strong velocity variations and medium perturbations were generally colocated with the lateral distribution of the induced seismicity. Positive velocity changes and damage around the injection site indicated subsidence, settling, and compaction of the material overlying the stimulated volume. Our results demonstrate that noise-based analysis tools can provide important observables that are complementary to results obtained with standard microseismicity tools. Passive monitoring and imaging have the potential to mature into routinely applied observation techniques that support reservoir management in a variety of geotechnical contexts, such as for mining, fluid injection, hydraulic fracturing, nuclear waste management, and [Formula: see text] storage.
Small intestinal hydrolysis of plant glucosides: higher Glucohydrolase activities in rodents than passerine birds
Authors: Lessner K. M. , Dearing M. Denise , Izhaki I. , Samuni-Blank M. , Arad Z. , Karasov W. H.
Published: June 2015

Glycosides are a major group of plant secondary compounds characterized by one or more sugars conjugated to a lipophilic, possibly toxic aglycone, which is released upon hydrolysis. We compared small intestinal homogenate hydrolysis activity of three rodent and two avian species against four substrates: amygdalin and sinigrin, two plant derived glucosides, the sugar lactose, whose hydrolysis models some activity against flavonoid and isoflavonoid glucosides, and the disaccharide sugar maltose (from starch), used as a comparator. Three new findings extend our understanding of physiological processing of plant glucosides: (1) the capacity of passerine birds to hydrolyze plant glucosides seems relatively low, compared to rodents; (2) in this first test of vertebrates' enzymic capacity to hydrolyze glucosinolates, sinigrin hydrolytic capacity seems low; (3) in laboratory mice hydrolytic activity against lactose resides on the enterocytes' apical membrane facing the intestinal lumen, but activity against amygdalin seems to reside inside enterocytes.
The Effect of Product Demand on Inequality: Evidence from the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Leonardi Marco
Published: June 2015

Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data this paper shows that more educated workers demand more high-skill-intensive services and, to a lesser extent, more very low-skill-intensive services (such as personal services). Additional evidence at the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level shows that this “education elasticity of demand” mechanism can explain part of the correlation between the share of college-educated workers in a city and the employment share of service industries. The parametrization of a simple model suggests that this induced demand shift can explain around 6.5 percent of the relative demand shift in the United States between 1984 and 2002. Similar results are provided for the United Kingdom. (JEL D12, J24, J31, L84)
Parametric Study on Shear Performance for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Seo Junwon , Lee Jaeha , Lopez Maria M.
Published: June 2015

Many research studies into Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) have shown the various advantages of using FRC. Accordingly, FRC has become widely used by engineering and construction companies as a non-structural strengthening component such as pavements and slabs on grade. Structural use of FRC such as a replacement of stirrups, however, has not received a similar acceptance rate in spite of the large research effort conducted in the past 50 years. The variability in the structural properties of FRC also makes FRC especially hard to standardize. In this study, fibers for use as a structural component of reinforced concrete elements were studied and verified. Stress-crack opening curves were obtained by inverse analysis and are used effectively for the prediction of the shear strength of FRC. A model developed using modified compression field theory (Vecchio and Collins 1986) was verified against recently obtained experimental data (Hockenberry and Lopez 2012) and found to match well. It was found that the fibers reduce the size effect. However, the size effects were not eliminated, but diminished due to the effect of the fibers in the reinforced concrete beams. Furthermore, a combination of the effects of fibers and stirrups was examined. It was found that fibers could be right alternatives to the shear stirrups in RC beams. Furthermore, propose empirical equations based on analysis and experimental results from other studies predicted shear strengths of FRC beam accurately.
Equivalent Seismic Performance Optimization of Steel Structures Based on Nonlinear Damage Analysis
Authors: Lv Yang , Li Zhong-Xian , Xu Long-He , Ding Yang
Published: June 2015

An equivalent seismic performance optimization (ESPO) method is proposed in this article based on nonlinear seismic damage analysis, where the constraints and the fitness function of the optimization problem are expressed as the seismic performance index combined with the importance coefficient and the damage index. Two prototype buildings, a 9-story building with steel frame and a 15-story building with steel frame plus steel plate shear wall are optimized using the ESPO method, and the building seismic performance is obtained through incremental dynamic analysis. The analysis results show that the global seismic performance of the optimized building has obviously improved while the building self-weight has been reduced significantly.
Experimental Research on Seismic Performance of the Full-Bolted Diaphragm-Through Connection to RCFST
Authors: Wu Liao , Wang Xiaodun , Luo Song , Wang Xin , Cui Dongbin , Chen Zhihua
Published: June 2015

Available literature has indicated that the diaphragm-trough connection is an ideal rigid connection for H shape steel beam to concrete filled steel tube. In this paper, a new fully bolted diaphragm- through connection was proposed and the seismic performance of this new fully bolted diaphragm-through connection which includes bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation were investigated. The experimental program and four full-scale connection specimens' quasi-static tests are presented in this paper. Results of the tests indicated that this new connection has a good ductility and energy dissipation capacity, and the bolts sliding can improve seismic performance to a certain degree. The features of safety, reliability and economically of the eccentric connection and the welded diaphragm-through connection also been verified in the tests. In additional, the safety theoretical stress ratio between diaphragm chamfer and beam flange should lower than 0.7 is also been proposed in this paper. The high bearing capacity, good seismic performance and outward shift of the plastic hinge showed that this new connection can meet the seismic design principle of “strong column and weak beam” and “strong connection and weak member”.
Analysis on the Seismic Performance of the Fully Bolted Diaphragm-Through Connections to RCFST
Authors: Luo Song , Wang Xiaodun , Wang Xin , Cui Dongbin , Wu Liao , Chen Zhihua
Published: June 2015

Based on the experimental results of fully bolted diaphragm-through connections composed of concrete-filled steel tubular columns and H-shaped steel beam, 3D nonlinear finite element models were established to analyze the mechanical properties of this new fully bolted diaphragm-through connection using ABAQUS. An analysis was conducted under cyclic loading. A method to estimate the bolt flip platform was presented and used to correct the hysteretic curves for the fully bolted through-diaphragm connections. The failure modes, load-drift, and stiffness degradation curves of the finite element analyses were found to be in good agreement with the tests results.
Seismic Lateral Load Pattern for Infill Low-Rise Buildings with a Stiffness-Related Soft First Story
Authors: Chen Shi-Shuenn , Shi Jun-Yang
Published: June 2015

The observation of post-earthquakes damages on buildings has shown that the presence of nonstructural infill walls may significantly affect the seismic performance of buildings. This study aims to develop an equivalent lateral load pattern for infill low-rise buildings with a soft first story subjected to seismic excitations. The proposed load pattern features using a simple way to consider stiffness irregularities induced by infill walls. The distribution of story shear evaluated from static analysis using the proposed lateral load pattern is found to be close to the result analyzed from response spectrum analysis. Moreover, the dynamic response of the infill building is dominated by the first mode when the building has a stiffness-related soft first story. The proposed lateral load pattern may be used in seismic design of low-rise buildings to effectively consider the infill walls for improving seismic safety.
Characterization of an APC Promoter 1B deletion in a Patient Diagnosed with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis via Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Kalbfleisch Ted , Brock Pamela , Snow Angela , Neklason Deborah , Gowans Gordon , Klein Jon
Published: June 2015

Recently, deletions have been identified and published as causal for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the 1B promoter region of the APC gene.  Those deletions were measured using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.  Here, we present and characterize an ~11kb deletion identified by whole genome shotgun sequencing.  The deletion occurred in a patient diagnosed with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, and was located on chr5, between bases 112,034,824 and 112,045,845, fully encompassing the 1B promoter region of the APC gene.   Results are presented here that include the sequence evidence supporting the presence of the deletion as well as base level characterization of the deletion site.  These results demonstrate the capacity of whole genome sequencing for the detection of large structural variants in single individuals.
Naturopathic medicine: Nine parts negative, one part positive
Authors: Temple Norman
Published: June 2015

Naturopathic medicine, also known as naturopathy, is a type of complementary and alternative medicine. It appeals to many people, especially those who desire a “holistic” approach to both prevention and treatment. While there is much variation in the types of treatment used by different naturopaths, commonly used ones include acupuncture, herbalism, and homeopathy. These types of treatment often lack sound supporting evidence of efficacy. But at the same time naturopaths are often hostile to conventional drugs, even those that are of proven effectiveness and pose little risk of harmful side effects. Many naturopaths employ treatments, such as diet, herbs, fasting, and colonic irrigation that are claimed to “detoxify” the body and thereby lead to improved health. There is a complete absence of supporting evidence for this type of therapy.  Some aspects of the theories and practices employed by naturopaths are well supported by the evidence. In particular, the emphasis that naturopaths place on leading a healthy lifestyle so as to prevent disease is entirely consistent with modern concepts in this area. Overall, the positive aspects of naturopathy are greatly outweighed by the negative aspects.
An overview of the infrageneric nomenclature of Ficus (Moraceae)
Authors: Pederneiras Leandro Cardoso , Carauta Jorge Pedro Pereira , Neto Sergio Romaniuc , Vidal de Mansano Freitas
Published: June 2015

The infrageneric nomenclature of Ficus, the largest genus in the Moraceae, is reviewed. We call attention to three overlooked subgeneric names, F. subg. Terega Raf., F. subg. Sycomorus Raf. and F. subg. Spherosuke Raf., and four sectional names, F. sect. Cordifoliae G. Don, F. sect. Pogonotrophe (Miq.) Miq., F. sect. Platyphyllae Mildbr. & Burret and F. sect. Urostigma (Endl.) Griseb., that have priority over other long‐used subgeneric and sectional names. We also effect a new combination into Ficus based on Urostigma sect. Apiosycea Miq. In addition, we designate types for 6 generic and 17 infrageneric names.
A new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) from the seasonally dry inter‐Andean valleys of South America
Authors: Gagnon Edeline , Hughes Colin E. , Lewis Gwilym P. , Bruneau Anne
Published: June 2015

The generic affiliation of the Andean species Caesalpinia trichocarpa, C. mimosifolia, and their close relatives has remained uncertain in all recent studies of Caesalpinia s.l. (Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae). A new densely sampled phylogeny based on four DNA sequence regions (rps16, trn D‐trnT, ycf6‐ psbM, ITS) strongly supports the monophyly of an Andean clade. We propose that despite the lack of obvious diagnostic morphological synapomorphies, this Andean group should be considered as a distinct genus, here described as the new genus Arquita. Phylogenetic analyses also suggest a problem with species delimitation in this group. Within C. trichocarpa, accessions from disjunct geographic areas in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru each form a robustly supported, unresolved clade that includes C. mimosifolia. The morphological and genetic cohesiveness of the C. trichocarpa complex is investigated using morphometric phenetic analyses of qualitative and quantitative flower and leaf traits, and reconstruction of a densely sampled phylogeny using three plastid and one nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence loci. Our results suggest that the most geographically isolated of these clades, narrowly endemic to two inter‐Andean valleys in central‐north Peru and separated by ∼1350 km, and extensive high Andean cordilleras above 4000 m, from the nearest populations in Bolivia, represents a genetically highly distinct and morphologically cryptic lineage here described as a new species (Arquita grandiflora). A full taxonomic account of the new genus Arquita and its component species is provided, with a distribution map and a key to the species.
On a Notion of «Religious Extremism»
Authors: Оганесян  , Oganesyan Sergey
Published: June 2015

This article looks into meaning of the expression “religious extremism”. It

is shown that this expression appeared right on the turning point of the

humankind going from one mental civilization to another not by a mere coincidence.

A direct link between essential nature of monotheism and extremism

is being revealed. Characteristics of religious extremism manifestations

in various mental civilizations are being determined; the supranational and

suprastate nature of monotheistic religion is shown. The background is provided

for an idea that tolerance to different world outlooks, ideas, views and

positions is nothing but a distinctive feature of modern mental civilization –

this of “scientific worldview”.
Pragmatic Сharacter of Explication Connection
Authors: Торжок  , Torzhok Albina
Published: June 2015

The article considers explication connection pragmatics as one of the language syntactical system resources of effecting the communicants within a complex syntactic whole. The first and foremost basis for such consideration is semantic identity of the sentences – components of complex wholes united by interpredicate correlations. Such semantic identity is reflected in the grammatical parallelism of the correlating predicate forms, expressing specification or generalization in accordance with the pro- or retroposition of the verb of wide semantics to do and any related verb in the syntactic whole. The opposition of grammatical forms reveals additional expressive meanings. Pragmatics of explication connection as a means of effecting communicants depends on the author’s personal position to choose certain linguistic means for expressing his communicative intentions.
Difficulties of criminal responsibility for mediation in bribery
Authors: Новгородцев Виктор , Novgorodtsev Viktor
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the problem of criminalization of bribery intermediary as an independent crime.

Socially dangerous acts are committed when a direct transfer of a bribe in a large amount on behalf of the briber or the bribe-taker takes place or otherwise facilitates the briber and (or) the bribe-taker to achieve or implement the agreement between the receiving and giving bribes.

The first - a classic mediation - transmission subject of a bribe in the chain "briber-taker", the mediator may not be unique.

The second type of mediation in bribery - otherwise promote the briber and (or) the bribe-taker to achieve or implement the agreement between receiving and giving bribes, which can be of two types:

1) to contribute to the achievement of an agreement between the briber and the bribe taker (can be expressed in the search for potential bribe giver or taker, negotiations to reach an agreement);

2) to contribute to the implementation of the agreement, which takes place after the transfer agreement and conditions bribes reached (can be in providing subject of bribes to arrange a bribe).

Criminal liability for intermediation in bribery occurs only if the mentioned actions committed in a significant amount, ie, amount of money, the value of securities, other property, property-related services, other property rights in exceed of twenty-five thousand rubles.
Psychological features of victim behavior of women in situations of domestic violence
Authors: Семерикова Алла , Semerikova Alla , Анисимова Наталья , Anisimova Natalya
Published: June 2015

This article analyzes the psychological factors and characteristics of victim behavior of women in situations of domestic violence. It is noted that the problem of violence has extended its scale throughout the world, and yet continues to be among "closed" topics. For clarity, the article presents statistics official data the Russian Interior Ministry in 2010, relating to family conflicts, as well as the results of opinion polls and research of scientists professionals. Considered are prerequisites for the formation of victim behavior of women, as well as the motives and manifestations of psychological defense mechanisms in women in a dysfunctional family. It is noted that due to relations and traumatic childhood experiences and behaviors of parents in the victimization of women developed are personality traits of codependency, they are predisposed to sacrifice their "I" to experience the adoption of the family system. To isolate and characterize the psychological characteristics of victim behavior of women in situations of domestic violence, including cognitive disorders,, the state trained helplessness, low self-esteem and self-perception of strain, affective disorder functions, inconsistency and conflict, trespassed "Ego". Women victims have clinical consequences of domestic violence, and these symptoms consistent with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The article deals with the content of some common myths and facts about committing domestic violence. Based on the conducted analysis it is concluded that the particular psychology of "victimization" of women include a huge range of personal and state properties, a set of internal and external factors that are responsible for the personal predisposition of women to turn them into victims of domestic violence.
Establishment of Canada as a sovereign state: from dominion to kingdom
Authors: Котов Сергей , Kokotov Sergey
Published: June 2015

The history of the establisment of Canada as a sovereign state is inseparably linked with the history of the English (later British) colonial empire. Initially land amounting then to Canada, are peripheral areas of the continental possessions of the British Crown in North America. First of all, they include the possession of Hudson´s Bay, Nova Scotia peninsula and the island of Newfoundland. A stronghold of the British presence in the New World colonies were New England, which followed the metropolis actively at odds with the neighboring colonies of France. The long period of Anglo-French wars culminated in the defeat of France and inclusion of its holdings (Louisiana, New France) to the British colonial empire. The territory of the future of Canada became part of a vast political and legal space, which some researchers call the British-American colonial empire. On the socio-economic point of view nothing has changed - these lands were still underdeveloped periphery of the colonies of New England. There had no prerequisites to the formation here of their own institutions of statehood. In the course of the war for the independence of the inhabitants of the colony of Quebec (the former New France), the peninsula of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, for various reasons did not support the rebellious colonies, so many supporters of the unity of the British Empire (the so-called loyalists) moved to these areas. This led to the formation of a number of new colonies, such as Upper Canada, Nyubransuik, Prince Edward Island. Together, they accounted for British North America - in contrast to the United States. It is important to emphasize that even in the middle of the XIX century British North America remained a conglomerate of disparate, sparsely populated, economically underdeveloped areas, both in the immediate possession of the British Crown, and under the control of private companies. Their transformation into a self-governing federation certainly reflected the interests of the nascent trade and economic elite of these colonies. However, this was no less exposed to "US factor" and the liberal-democratic changes that took place in the metropolis itself. Exploring the complex of concrete historical factors that determine the character of the process of establishing Canada as a sovereign state, the author of this article analyzes the formal and legal aspects of the system of power and administration, established under the British colonial empire, as well as the key points of the doctrine of English law, refers to the institution of the Crown, Parliament and the status of imperial colonial government. Emphasized is the idea that the evolution of Canada from the set of "royal" to the self-governing colonies of the federation in the status of dominion and then gaining the status of the kingdom carried out on the basis of gradual development of constitutional conventions of political practice that leaves open to interpretation the question of when exactly Canada acquired the status of a sovereign state.
DETERMINATION OF PALLADIUM IN HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS BY HR-CS FAAS METHOD
Authors: Smrcova Miroslava , Remeteiova Dagmar
Published: June 2015

Present paper deals with analytical control of hydrogenation supported catalysts (Pd/AC) composition using high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (HR-CS FAAS). Catalysts were prepared with expected 3 wt. % Pd content by the simple technique of deposition – reduction of palladium in a basic environment. Formaldehyde was applied as the reduction agent. The working conditions (gas flow and burner height) for determination of the catalytically active component in the prepared Pd/AC catalysts were found. Prior to the analysis by HR-CS FAAS method Pd/AC was subjected to microwave (MW) assisted digestion in the environment of strong oxidizing acids. Appropriate digestion time of 15 min and temperature of 200 °C had been also experimentally obtained.
NICKEL AND COPPER EXTRACTION FROM LIQUID SAMPLES USING CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: Semancikova Jana , Remeteiova Dagmar
Published: June 2015

Novel carbon-based materials find nowadays increasing use in analytical science, mainly due to their unique properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one of the carbon-based materials, could possibly be used for the preconcentration and separation of trace amounts of heavy metal from liquid samples. Method called solid phase extraction (SPE) is used as extraction method for metal preconcentration, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be suitable solid sorbent material for this technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used as a solid phase extractor for Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions from liquid samples in this study. Experimental parameters including, pH of sample solution, oxidation technique of MWCNTs, amount of solid sorbent and analytes, concentration of eluent were investigated, focusing on the influence of these parameters on quantitative recoveries of the analytes. Analyte content in each sample or extract was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
EXTRUSION OF SHORT ALUMINIUM BILLETS - SIMULATION AND SEMI-PILOT TEST
Authors: Spanielka Jan , Skrobian Milan , Bidulsky Robert
Published: June 2015

A die setup for direct hot extrusion of extra-short aluminium alloys billets used in semi-pilot plant tests was simulated using DEFORM ™ 2D/3D software and results were compared with experiment. A die setup without welding chamber proved to shorten charge-weld to such extend that most of material could be recovered as usable samples. Having good agreement between simulated and experimental results of two tested die setups (with and without welding chamber) the effect of temperature on length of charge-weld was evaluated. A main drawback of die setup without welding chamber is too short and, consequently, too week charge-weld. Since many extruded profiles need to be stretched after cooling, die setup without welding chamber is not applicable for commercial production. Application of die setup without – or with shallow – welding chamber is limited to flat profiles with simple and symmetrical geometry like round or rectangular bars where mixing of extruded material is not crucial for the profiles properties.
W sprawie durkheimowsko-saussurowskiego „faktu społecznego”
Authors: Bogusławski Andrzej
Published: June 2015

A note on Durkheimian – Saussurian „social fact”. Two examples from Polish morphology

The author presents an argument in favour of Durkheimian – Saussurian theory of „social fact” as applied to language. The argument consists in pointing out two examples of morphological facts of Polish that are not easily accessible to native speakers and have not been explicitly verbalized, but are nonetheless invariably and rigorously implemented by all of them in their linguistic practice. This shows that the regularities are superimposed on them in a strongly anti-individualistic way. The first fact can be illustrated with the sequence walka ze zorganizowaną przestępczością ‘struggle against organized criminality’, where the inflectional form ze of the preposition z is used in spite  of its being followed by the adjacent segment beginning in z + V (rather than by a cluster of consonants beginning in a frontal fricative). Polish has created an analogon of the necessary separation of the prepositions z and w from their right-hand syllabic homophonic partner in the adjacent context. The nature of the analogon can be described in the following way: we have to do with strict functional proportional separability of the right-hand non-syllabic homophonic partner of the preposition, on the one hand, and the rest of the expression the partner belongs to. Here is an example of such a proportion: zorganizowany : organizowany :: zoperowany : operowany. The second fact can be illustrated with the present tense form dozbierywuje (vs. * dozbieruje) of the verb dozbierywać. This shape manifests a strict parallelism with regard to the imperfective forms in -liwać, -liwuje, vs. * -luje, cf. rozstrzelać – rozstrzeliwać – rozstrzeliwuje. Both main spirants, [l] and [r], go here hand in hand. However, there is an additional regularity in play. The point is that the shape -r-ywuje depends on the presence of the preceding sequence which contains a root vowel, cf. przeorać – przeorywać – przeorywuje (here, the vowel is [o]). If this condition is not met, the final -uje does not appear; instead, next to -r-yw- regular endings of the main conjugation of verbs in -ać are used; thus, we have -a in the 3rd person sg, -am in the 1st person sg, and so on, cf.: przegrać – przegrywać – przegrywa – przegrywam.