bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction on Tyrosine Phosphorylation of IRS‐1 in Skeletal Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wang Ya , La Xiaojin , Tian Chunyu , Dong Yushan , Qi Feng , Qiu Changlong , Gao Xiujuan , Li Ji’an
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction on tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The rat model of type 2 diabetes was induced by high‐fat diet and multiple low‐dose streptozotocin injections. Diabetic model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the model control group, the metformin group, and Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction groups of low, medium, and high doses. OGTT was conducted every two weeks during treatment period. At the end of the treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and the fasting C‐peptide level were measured to calculate insulin resistance index. The levels of IRS‐1, p‐IRS‐1(Tyr895), and protein tyrosine phosphates 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle were also measured. Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction significantly reduced the FBG level, increased the fasting C‐peptide level, and lowered the insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic rats. It also significantly increased the protein level of p‐IRS‐1(Tyr895) and reduced the PTP1B protein level in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction increases tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats, which results from the increase of p‐IRS‐1(Tyr895) protein and is related to the suppression of PTP1B protein.
Hysteresis Modelling of Mechanical Systems at Nonstationary Vibrations
Authors: Danilin A. N. , Shalashilin A. D.
Published: March 2018

This paper considers and reviews a number of known phenomenological models, used to describe hysteretic effects of various natures. Such models consider hysteresis system as a “black box” with experimentally known input and output, related via formal mathematical dependence to parameters obtained from the best fit to experimental data. In particular, we focus on the broadly used Bouc-Wen and similar phenomenological models. The current paper shows the conditions which the Bouc-Wen model must meet. An alternative mathematical model is suggested where the force and kinematic parameters are related by a first-order differential equation. In contrast to the Bouc-Wen model, the right hand side is a polynomial with two variables representing hysteresis trajectories in the process diagram. This approach ensures correct asymptotic approximation of the solution to the enclosing hysteresis cycle curves. The coefficients in the right side are also determined experimentally from the hysteresis cycle data during stable oscillations. The proposed approach allows us to describe hysteretic trajectory with an arbitrary starting point within the enclosed cycle using only one differential equation. The model is applied to the description of forced vibrations of a low-frequency pendulum damper.
Detecting Malware with an Ensemble Method Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yan Jinpei , Qi Yong , Rao Qifan
Published: March 2018

Malware detection plays a crucial role in computer security. Recent researches mainly use machine learning based methods heavily relying on domain knowledge for manually extracting malicious features. In this paper, we propose MalNet, a novel malware detection method that learns features automatically from the raw data. Concretely, we first generate a grayscale image from malware file, meanwhile extracting its opcode sequences with the decompilation tool IDA. Then MalNet uses CNN and LSTM networks to learn from grayscale image and opcode sequence, respectively, and takes a stacking ensemble for malware classification. We perform experiments on more than 40,000 samples including 20,650 benign files collected from online software providers and 21,736 malwares provided by Microsoft. The evaluation result shows that MalNet achieves 99.88% validation accuracy for malware detection. In addition, we also take malware family classification experiment on 9 malware families to compare MalNet with other related works, in which MalNet outperforms most of related works with 99.36% detection accuracy and achieves a considerable speed-up on detecting efficiency comparing with two state-of-the-art results on Microsoft malware dataset.
Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism in IBD Patients and Its Correlation to Other Dental Disorders and Quality of Life
Authors: Bucci C. , Amato M. , Zingone F. , Caggiano M. , Iovino P. , Ciacci C.
Published: March 2018

Background. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases could experience mouth and teeth disorders and alterations in psychological mood. Vice versa, the psychological status may influence the presence of oral diseases. Aim. To evaluate in inflammatory bowel disease patients the prevalence of sleep bruxism and its correlation with the presence of oral diseases, quality of sleep, and psychological disturbances. Methods. Patients were consecutively recruited in our clinic and examined for temporomandibular disorders, dental enamel disorders, sleep bruxism, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis by two dentists. Patients also underwent Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression Inventory Scale questionnaires. Results. 47 patients and 46 controls were included. Sleep bruxism and enamel wear disorders were more frequent in Crohn’s disease patients when compared with ulcerative colitis patients and controls (p=0.03 and p=0.02, resp.). Among groups, no differences were noted for enamel hypoplasia, temporomandibular disorders, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, depression, and quality of sleep. We found a positive correlation between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (Spearman 0.6, p<0.001) and between bruxism and pathological sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) (Spearman 0.3, p<0.005). Conclusion. Bruxism and enamel wear disorders should be routinely searched in Crohn’s disease patients. Moreover, the attention of healthcare givers to sleep disturbances should be addressed to all inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Elevated and Correlated Expressions of miR-24, miR-30d, miR-146a, and SFRP-4 in Human Abdominal Adipose Tissue Play a Role in Adiposity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Nunez Lopez Yury O. , Garufi Gabriella , Pasarica Magdalena , Seyhan Attila A.
Published: March 2018

Objective. We explored the relationships among microRNAs (miRNAs) and SFRP4, as they relate to adipose tissue functions including lipolysis, glucose and glycerol turnover, and insulin sensitivity. Methods. Abdominal adipose tissue (AbdAT) levels of thirteen microRNAs (miRNAs), SFRP4, and VEGF in lean nondiabetic subjects (n=7), subjects with obesity (n=5), and subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (n=5) were measured by qPCR. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Osmium fixation and Coulter counting were used for adipocyte sizing. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models that adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. Results. AbdAT miR-24, miR-30d, and miR-146a were elevated in subjects with obesity (P<0.05) and T2DM (P<0.1) and positively correlated with measures of percent body fat by DXA (rmiR.24=0.894, rmiR.146a=0.883, P<0.05), and AbdAT SFRP4 (rmiR.30=0.93, rmiR.146a=0.88, P<0.05). These three miRNAs additionally correlated among themselves (rmiR.24~miR.146a=0.90, rmiR.30~miR.146a=0.85, P<0.01). Conclusions. This study suggests a novel association between the elevated levels of miRNAs miR-24, miR-30d, and miR-146a (apparently coregulated) and the level of SFRP4 transcript in AbdAT of subjects with obesity and T2DM. These molecules might be part of a regulatory loop involved in AbdAT remodeling/adiposity and systemic insulin resistance. This trial is registered with NCT00704197.
Changes in Hepatic Blood Flow and Liver Function during Closed Abdominal Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy following Cytoreduction Surgery
Authors: Dupont Stéphanie , Schiffer Eduardo R. C. , White Marion J. , Diaper John R. A. , Licker Marc-Joseph , Masouyé Philippe C.
Published: March 2018

Background. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during closed abdominal hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) leads to major haemodynamic changes and potential organ dysfunction. We investigated these effects on hepatic blood flow (HBF) and liver function in patients undergoing HIPEC following cytoreductive surgery and fluid management guided by dynamic preload indices. Methods. In this prospective observational clinical study including 15 consecutive patients, we evaluated HBF by transesophageal echocardiography and liver function by determination of the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR). Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed for statistical analysis. Results. During HIPEC, HBF was markedly reduced, resulting in the loss of any pulsatile Doppler flow signal in all but one patient. The ICG-PDR, expressed as median (interquartile 25–75), decreased from 23 (20–30) %/min to 18 (12.5–19) %/min (p<0.001). Despite a generous crystalloid infusion rate (27 (22–35) ml/kg/h), cardiac index decreased during the increased IAP period, inferior vena cava diameter decreased, stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation increased, lung compliance dropped, and there was an augmentation in plateau pressure. All changes were significant (p<0.001) and reversed to baseline values post HIPEC. Conclusion. Despite optimizing intravenous fluids during closed abdominal HIPEC, we observed a marked decrease in HBF and liver function. Both effects were transient and limited to the period of HIPEC but could influence the choice between closed or open abdominal cavity procedure for HIPEC and should be considered in similar clinical situations of increased IAP.
Wear Compensation Model Based on the Theory of Archard and Definite Integral Method
Authors: Niu Pei-Feng , Tian Bao-Liang
Published: March 2018

Aiming at low accuracy control of the flatness measuring system in cold rolling process, the wear of measuring rings of the flatness measuring roll is an important factor, which affects the flatness measurement accuracy and the strip quality. When the radial pressure and the width of the strip change, the wear thickness of the different measuring rings is also changed, which seriously increased the deviation between measured values and actual values. For thirty-eight measuring rings of flatness measuring roll, it is important to establish an accurate wear compensation model for each measuring ring to improve the measurement accuracy of the online flatness control model. Wear compensation model is established by the theory of Archard, definite integral method, and weighted coefficient method, and the data of the rolling length, strip width, and the radial force of the six million tons’ strip are used to analyze and discuss the wear compensation model of flatness measuring roll. The experiment result shows that the flatness control accuracy is improved effectively and the better strip shape can be achieved.
Proanthocyanidins against Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications
Authors: Yang Lingyu , Xian Dehai , Xiong Xia , Lai Rui , Song Jing , Zhong Jianqiao
Published: March 2018

Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerousin vitroandin vivostudies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Accumulation of prooxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeding cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS), which can damage macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), organelles (membranes and mitochondria), and whole tissues. OS is implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, dermatological, and metabolic diseases, both through direct molecular damage and secondary activation of stress-associated signaling pathways. PCs are promising natural agents to safely prevent acute damage and control chronic diseases at relatively low cost. In this review, we summarize the molecules and signaling pathways involved in OS and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms of PCs.
Acetylation within the N- and C-Terminal Domains of Src Regulates Distinct Roles of STAT3-Mediated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Huang Chao , Zhang Zhe , Chen Lihan , Lee Hank W. , Ayrapetov Marina K. , Zhao Ting C. , Hao Yimei , Gao Jinsong , Yang Chunzhang , Mehta Gautam U. , Zhuang Zhengping , Zhang Xiaoren , Hu Guohong , Chin Y. Eugene
Published: March 2018

Posttranslational modifications of mammalian c-Src N-terminal and C-terminal domains regulate distinct functions. Myristoylation of G2 controls its cell membrane association and phosphorylation of Y419/Y527 controls its activation or inactivation, respectively. We provide evidence that Src–cell membrane association–dissociation and catalytic activation–inactivation are both regulated by acetylation. In EGF-treated cells, CREB binding protein (CBP) acetylates an N-terminal lysine cluster (K5, K7, and K9) of c-Src to promote dissociation from the cell membrane. CBP also acetylates the C-terminal K401, K423, and K427 of c-Src to activate intrinsic kinase activity for STAT3 recruitment and activation. N-terminal domain phosphorylation (Y14, Y45, and Y68) of STAT3 by c-Src activates transcriptionally active dimers of STAT3. Moreover, acetyl-Src translocates into nuclei, where it forms the Src-STAT3 enhanceosome for gene regulation and cancer cell proliferation. Thus, c-Src acetylation in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains play distinct roles in Src activity and regulation.

Significance: CBP-mediated acetylation of lysine clusters in both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of c-Src provides additional levels of control over STAT3 transcriptional activity. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2825–38. ©2018 AACR.
RIPK1 Binds MCU to Mediate Induction of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and Promotes Colorectal Oncogenesis
Authors: Zeng Fanxin , Chen Xiao , Cui Weiyi , Wen Wei , Lu Fujian , Sun Xueting , Ma Dongwei , Yuan Ye , Li Zezhong , Hou Ning , Zhao Hong , Bi Xinyu , Zhao Jianjun , Zhou Jianguo , Zhang Yan , Xiao Rui-Ping , Cai Jianqiang , Zhang Xiuqin
Published: March 2018

The receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is an essential signaling molecule in pathways for cell survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis. We report here that RIPK1 is upregulated in human colorectal cancer and promotes cell proliferation when overexpressed in a colon cancer cell line. RIPK1 interacts with mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) to promote proliferation by increasing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and energy metabolism. The ubiquitination site of RIPK1 (RIPK1-K377) was critical for this interaction with MCU and function in promoting cell proliferation. These findings identify the RIPK1-MCU pathway as a promising target to treat colorectal cancer.

Significance: RIPK1-mediated cell proliferation through MCU is a central mechanism underlying colorectal cancer progression and may prove to be an important therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2876–85. ©2018 AACR.
B7-H3 Negatively Modulates CTL-Mediated Cancer Immunity
Authors: Yonesaka Kimio , Haratani Koji , Takamura Shiki , Sakai Hitomi , Kato Ryoji , Takegawa Naoki , Takahama Takayuki , Tanaka Kaoru , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Takeda Masayuki , Kato Sigeki , Maenishi Osamu , Sakai Kazuko , Chiba Yasutaka , Okabe Takafumi , Kudo Keita , Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Yamato Michiko , Hirotani Kenji , Miyazawa Masaaki , Nishio Kazuto , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Anti-programmed-death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy improves survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some cases are refractory to treatment, thereby requiring alternative strategies. B7-H3, an immune-checkpoint molecule, is expressed in various malignancies. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate B7-H3 expression in NSCLCs treated with anti-PD-1 therapy and the therapeutic potential of a combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and B7-H3 targeting.

Experimental Design: B7-H3 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in patients with NSCLC (n = 82), and its relationship with responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was analyzed. The antitumor efficacy of dual anti-B7-H3 and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody therapy was evaluated using a syngeneic murine cancer model. T-cell numbers and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results: B7-H3 expression was evident in 74% of NSCLCs and was correlated critically with nonresponsiveness to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. A small number of CD8+ TILs was observed as a subpopulation with PD-L1 tumor proportion score less than 50%, whereas CD8+ TILs were still abundant in tumors not expressing B7-H3. Anti-B7-H3 blockade showed antitumor efficacy accompanied with an increased number of CD8+ TILs and recovery of effector function. CD8+ T-cell depletion negated antitumor efficacy induced by B7-H3 blockade, indicating that improved antitumor immunity is mediated by CD8+ T cells. Compared with a single blocking antibody, dual blockade of B7-H3 and PD-L1 enhanced the antitumor reaction.

Conclusions: B7-H3 expressed on tumor cells potentially circumvents CD8+-T-cell–mediated immune surveillance. Anti-B7-H3 immunotherapy combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy is a promising approach for B7-H3–expressing NSCLCs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2653–64. ©2018 AACR.
curácia da cintilografia com 99mTc-Ubiquicidina (29-41) no diagnóstico diferencial de infecções musculoesqueléticas e processos inflamatórios estéreis
Authors: Silva Felipe Rocha , Carvalho Larissa Araújo Dutra de , Alves Bruna Evellyn de Lima , Azevedo Ana Raquel Souza de , Campos Cejana de Mello , Netto Osvaldo Sampaio , Bittencourt Roberto José
Published: March 2018

O diagnóstico diferencial entre infecção e processo inflamatório não infeccioso é crítico na avaliação de um paciente e sua análise por exames de imagem sensíveis e específicos se faz necessária. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é determinar a acurácia da cintilografia com 99mTc-ubiquicidina (29-41) no diagnóstico diferencial de condições infecciosas e inflamações estéreis. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados de acesso livre Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library, Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e Health System Evidences com os  descritores  “ubiquicidin”, “ubiquicidina” ou “UBI” presentes no título ou resumo de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2000  até janeiro de 2017. A análise dos artigos incluídos sugere que a cintilografia com 99mTc-ubiquicidina (29-41) é um método de elevada acurácia para o diagnóstico diferencial entre infecções musculoesqueléticas e inflamações assépticas.
Análise retrospectiva da prevalência e do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de trauma em um hospital secundário
Authors: Da Silva Larissa Aparecida Pereira , Ferreira Ariela Carrijo , Paulino Ruth Elisa Sued , Guedes Gabriela de Oliveira , Da Cunha Maria Eugênia Benevides , Peixoto Vitória Torrano Carvalho Pereira , Faria Talitha Araújo
Published: March 2018

O trauma consiste em um abalo físico de grande impacto resultante de uma ação abrupta ou violenta que causa danos de extensão variada no organismo, sendo considerado a principal causa de morte nas primeiras quatro décadas de vida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento dos dados dos pacientes traumatizados hospitalizados no hospital público de Paracatu-MG, para estabelecer prevalência dos tipos de trauma, caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas, indicar as causas mais frequentes, definir a letalidade e informar o tempo de hospitalização. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal retrospectivo baseado na análise de todos os prontuários de pacientes traumatizados do Hospital Municipal de Paracatu-MG, no período de janeiro a dezembro no ano de 2014, constituindo um universo de 544 prontuários. Os resultados apontaram que o mês de dezembro foi o mês com o maior número de traumatizados. Houve maior prevalência no sexo masculino na faixa etária de 20-29 anos. Verificou-se que a principal causa dos traumatismos foi acidente por queda, a segunda causa mais relatada foi acidente de trânsito. A violência foi a terceira maior causa, sendo que as agressões com arma de fogo tiveram o percentual mais significativo. Os traumas ortopédicos constituíram o traumatismo mais prevalente. O maior coeficiente de letalidade foi de 24%, que correspondia ao TCE grave. Conclui-se que há um alto número de casos de trauma em Paracatu-MG, o que evidencia a necessidade de elaboração medidas de prevenção de acidentes domésticos, investimentos em programas de educação no trânsito e melhoria da segurança pública.
Supressão de ritmo mu durante exposição a estímulos associados a ansiedade social
Authors: Mello André Amado Ferreira de , Ramos Renato Teodoro
Published: March 2018

O chamado ritmo mu em eletroencefalografia é um padrão de oscilação caracterizado pelo domínio de frequências na banda de 8-13 Hz e 15-25 Hz. A inibição deste padrão de atividade tem sido associada a atividade de neurônios espelho em áreas motoras e pré-motoras do córtex cerebral. Neurônios espelho, por sua vez, têm sido relacionados à capacidade empática, capacidade esta que pode estar alterada na ansiedade social. O projeto teve como objetivo comparar os padrões de atividade cortical em indivíduos com níveis altos e baixos de ansiedade social durante a observação de uma cena capaz de gerar ansiedade social filmada em duas situações: em terceira pessoa (quando a capacidade empática deve ser evocada) e em primeira pessoa (quando apenas possíveis sentimentos de ameaça a si próprio devem ser evocados). O estudo envolveu 70 voluntários normais selecionados e, a partir da aplicação da escala de Liebowitz para avaliar ansiedade social e da escala EMRI para avaliação da capacidade empática, foram selecionados 16 voluntários, sendo 8 com os maiores escores nestas escalas e 8 com as menores pontuações. A análise inicial do traçado eletroencefalográfico de todos os voluntários não identificou padrões de distribuição de potência de ritmos alpha em regiões fronto-parietais, que poderia sugerir um padrão de atividade associada ao ritmo mu característico de neurônios espelho. No entanto, foi identificada uma diferença significativa na comparação entre padrões de atividade associados a observação dos vídeos em primeira e terceira pessoa  (p = 0.007). Esta diferença foi também relevante em regiões occipitais, o que poderia estar relacionado à estimulação visual inerente aos estímulos apresentados. Portanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação clara entre os traços de ansiedade social e empatia com uma possível atividade de neurônios espelho (por meio da inibição do ritmo mu). O estudo, porém, evidenciou uma diferença estatística significativa entre os padrões de atividade cortical associados à observação de cenas em primeira e terceira pessoa, independente dos traços ansiosos. Deve-se observar que o estímulo visual utilizado pode ter sido excessivo, induzindo atividades corticais ligadas à atividade perceptiva visual independente do significado ou do contexto que se procurou transmitir ao observador. O avanço da investigação da hipótese explorada neste projeto demandará novos estudos eventualmente incluindo pacientes com níveis clinicamente relevantes de ansiedade social e a simplificação dos estímulos utilizados.
Utilização do ABCDE no atendimento do traumatizado
Authors: Rodrigues Mateus de Sousa , Galvão Ivan Martins , E Santana Leonardo Fernandes
Published: March 2018

O ABCDE é um mnemônico que padroniza o atendimento inicial ao politraumatizado e define prioridades na abordagem ao trauma. Entretanto, com a aplicação prática dos protocolos, essa sistematização passa por modificações. Esse estudo sistematiza as principais condutas pré-hospitalares e hospitalares que lograram êxito no atendimento ao traumatizado. Para tanto, foram analisadas publicações recentes de revistas nacionais e internacionais. Este trabalho observou que a obstrução da via aérea é a causa de mortalidade mais rápida no politraumatizado, sendo seguida por distúrbios na ventilação e respiração e hemorragia. Por isso, a avaliação das vias aéreas com controle cervical deve ser a primeira conduta na abordagem do trauma. Com essa sistematização definida pelo ABCDE, é possível direcionar o atendimento ao politraumatizado e, com efeito, reduzir mortalidade.
Towards Automation and Augmentation of the Design of Schedulers for Cellular Communications Networks
Authors: Fenton Michael , Lynch David , Fagan David , Kucera Stepan , Claussen Holger , O'Neill Michael
Published: March 2018

Evolutionary computation is used to automatically evolve small cell schedulers on a realistic simulation of a 4G-LTE heterogeneous cellular network. Evolved schedulers are then further augmented by human design to improve robustness. Extensive analysis of evolved solutions and their performance across a wide range of metrics reveals evolution has uncovered a new human-competitive scheduling technique which generalises well across cells of varying sizes. Furthermore, evolved methods are shown to conform to accepted scheduling frameworks without the evolutionary process being explicitly told the form of the desired solution. Evolved solutions are shown to out-perform a human-engineered state-of-the-art benchmark by up to 50%. Finally, the approach is shown to be flexible in that tailored algorithms can be evolved for specific scenarios and corner cases, allowing network operators to create unique algorithms for different deployments, and to postpone the need for costly hardware upgrades.
Provisional Measures in the “Enrica Lexie” Case
Authors: Pratap Ravindra
Published: March 2018

“Enrica Lexie” is yet another landmark case under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos). The provisional measures prescribed by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (itlos) and the Annex vii Arbitral Tribunal share a discernibly significant commonality of result, if not a demonstrably identical approach to the issues contested between the flag state and the coastal state. There was no express finding by itlos on urgency other than in terms of prejudice to the rights of the parties. Whether the Arbitral Tribunal’s Order preserved the parties’ rights would depend in no small measure upon the nature and effectiveness of its decision on the merits. Perhaps the most important common legal development is the appreciation of human rights considerations. While their application might remain a matter of contestation, it would be difficult to characterize the Orders as unfair both for provisional measures as a temporary remedy and for their perceived bearings on the merits of the case.
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Multinational Enterprises: Towards Business and Human Rights in the Americas?
Authors: Londoño-Lázaro María Carmelina , Thoene Ulf , Pereira-Villa Catherine
Published: March 2018

This article analyses the role of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) within a business and human rights framework. A qualitative data analysis of cases on multinational enterprises (mnes) identifies the following: that the obligations the IACtHR places upon States explicitly contemplate soft law instruments, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; and that there exist shared obligations with companies and attempts to regulate mne conduct by establishing conditions for due diligence, such as prior consultation, benefit-sharing and reparation measures for affected communities. Therefore, IACtHR rulings may contribute to the rule of law in so far as they have normative effects on member States, but they can also prove to be ineffective given the nature of corporate conduct and certain non-enforceable responsibilities.
New records on Colombian Myrtaceae
Authors: PARRA-O. CARLOS
Published: March 2018

Myrtaceae are represented in Colombia by 24 genera and 167 species, where nine genera and 28 species are introduced (Parra-O. 2015, 2016; Parra & Bohórquez-Osorio 2016). Although a checklist of Colombian Myrtaceae has been recently published (Parra-O. 2016), the continuous study of this family has allowed me to identify five new records for the Country. Cited specimens were examined at COAH, COL, FMB, and HUA; herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2017).
A reappraisal of Schoenoplectus muricinux (Cyperaceae) including S. confusus and closely allied taxa in Africa
Authors: VERLOOVE FILIP , BROWNING JANE , MESTERHÁZY ATTILA
Published: March 2018

The macro-morphological variation and geographical distribution of six morphologically similar taxa from the Schoenoplectus corymbosus complex with distinctly muricated nutlets (viz Schoenoplectus confusus subsp. confusus var. confusus and var. rogersii, S. confusus subsp. natalitius, S. muricinux, S. muriculatus and Scirpus corymbosus var. junciformis) were thoroughly studied. It is concluded that all these taxa are ill-defined and that alleged distinctive traits are weak or widely overlap. We therefore suggest expanding the description of S. muricinux (the binomial which has nomenclatural priority) and reducing the other species and their infraspecific taxa to synonyms of it. “S. sp. A” of Flora of West Tropical Africa (Nigeria, where it is considered a naturalized introduction of man-made habitats) is shown to also belong to S. muricinux.
Species delimitations in the Atractus collaris complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Authors: PASSOS PAULO , PRUDENTE ANA L. C. , RAMOS LUCIANA O. , CAICEDO-PORTILLA JOSÉ RANCES , LYNCH JOHN D.
Published: March 2018

We reassessed the taxonomic status of the species in the Atractus collaris complex (A. alphonsehogei, A. collaris, A. limitaneus, and A. gaigeae) on the basis of congruence between quantitative and qualitative morphological characters (meristic, morphometric, color pattern, hemipenis, and scale microdematoglyphics) along its wide geographical distribution. Our results support the recognition of three species with apparently fixed diagnostic characters. We propose the synonymization of Atractus limitaneus with A. collaris based on the wide overlap of all morphological character systems here analyzed, as well as on the basis of examination of the holotype and two topotypes of A. limitaneus. Finally, we discuss the geographical variation and morphological distinction of A. alphonsehogei, A. collaris and A. gaigeae. Furthermore, we provide a dichotomous key for all recognized species in the A. collaris species group.
Revisiting the disjunct distribution of Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Drilliidae)
Authors: NAPPO ANDREA , REY XABIER , PELLEGRINI DANIEL , BONOMOLO GIUSEPPE , CROCETTA FABIO
Published: March 2018

The family Drilliidae includes approximately 30 genera and 500 recent species. Among them, the genus Conopleura includes three recent species and shows a disjunct distribution in the central Indo-Pacific and the temperate northern Atlantic (Mediterranean Sea). Here, we review the genus, redescribe it, and investigate the validity of its accepted taxa by shell morphology and geometric morphometry. Conopleura striata and C. latiaxisa are considered as valid species. Their distribution has been enlarged to Taiwan and India for C. striata, and to Japan for C. latiaxisa. On the contrary, some discrepancies highlighted in the generic and familiar attribution of the Mediterranean species C. aliena suggested that it was established on abnormal shells of Tritia lima, a taxon of which C. aliena is considered a junior subjective synonym. This confutes the disjunct distribution of Conopleura. Based on a wide literature and material search on abnormalities in gastropods, we highlight the occurrence of a recurring aberration (here defined “Conopleura-like”) in gastropod shells that already led to the incorrect establishment of new taxa since early scientific observations.
A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa
Authors: AGASSIZ DAVID , KALLIES AXEL
Published: March 2018

A new genus, Osmanthedon Kallies gen. nov., in the tribe Synanthedonini and a new species, Osmanthedon domaticola Agassiz & Kallies spec. nov., are described. This is the first record of a sesiid species associated with ant galls (domatia) found on whistling thorn Acacia, Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter (Fabaceae), in East Africa.
Challenges and Determination: The Case of Palestinian Parents of Children With Disabilities
Authors: Abu-Ras Wahiba , Saleh Mahasin , Birani Amir
Published: March 2018

This article explores, describes, and compares how Palestinian parents of children with disabilities articulate their major challenges and coping strategies and ways in which they adapt to daily routines to care for, support, and address the needs of their children. We held six focus groups, three in the West Bank, Palestine, and three inside Israel with a total sample of 43 participants. The major themes emerged from this study revealed that Palestinian parents in both regions are experiencing major challenges and barriers at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. Despite these challenges, the vast majority of the parents appear to be attuned to their children’s special needs and use positive coping methods to deal with their daily stressors. Their coping strategies include religious coping, advocacy, and positive attitudes toward their children. The study findings also highlight the realities of the current sociopolitical context these parents face.
Drugs With Anticholinergic Potential and Risk of Falls With Hip Fracture in the Elderly Patients: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel E. , Castaño-Montoya Juan Pablo , Medina-Morales Diego A. , Castro-Rodríguez Alejandro , González-Montoya Alexandra , Machado-Alba Jorge E.
Published: March 2018

Background/Objective:

To determine the association between the use of anticholinergic drugs and the risk of falls with hip fracture in a population older than 60 years.

Methods:

A case–control study in patients older than 60 years with a diagnosis of hip fracture. All drugs dispensed during the previous 30 days were identified. Sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological (drugs according to the Anticholinergic Risk Scale [ARS]), and polypharmacy variables were analyzed.

Measurements:

Falls with hip fracture and type of drug according to the ARS.

Results:

A total of 300 patients with hip fracture and 600 controls were included. The mean age was 81.6 ± 8.9 years, with female predominance (71.3%). The use of drugs with moderate (odds ratio [OR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.27) or high ARS scores (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13-2.96) increased the probability of fracture.

Conclusions:

There was an association between the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties and the probability of hip fracture in elderly patients and it was possible to establish the level of risk.
Comparative analysis of Campylobacter isolates from wild birds and chickens using MALDI-TOF MS, biochemical testing, and DNA sequencing
Authors: Lawton Samantha J. , Weis Allison M. , Byrne Barbara A. , Fritz Heather , Taff Conor C. , Townsend Andrea K. , Weimer Bart C. , Mete Aslı , Wheeler Sarah , Boyce Walter M.
Published: March 2018

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was compared to conventional biochemical testing methods and nucleic acid analyses (16S rDNA sequencing, hippurate hydrolysis gene testing, whole genome sequencing [WGS]) for species identification of Campylobacter isolates obtained from chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus, n = 8), American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos, n = 17), a mallard duck ( Anas platyrhynchos, n = 1), and a western scrub-jay ( Aphelocoma californica, n = 1). The test results for all 27 isolates were in 100% agreement between MALDI-TOF MS, the combined results of 16S rDNA sequencing, and the hippurate hydrolysis gene PCR ( p = 0.0027, kappa = 1). Likewise, the identifications derived from WGS from a subset of 14 isolates were in 100% agreement with the MALDI-TOF MS identification. In contrast, biochemical testing misclassified 5 isolates of C. jejuni as C. coli, and 16S rDNA sequencing alone was not able to differentiate between C. coli and C. jejuni for 11 sequences ( p = 0.1573, kappa = 0.0857) when compared to MALDI-TOF MS and WGS. No agreement was observed between MALDI-TOF MS dendrograms and the phylogenetic relationships revealed by rDNA sequencing or WGS. Our results confirm that MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reliable method for identifying Campylobacter isolates to the species level from wild birds and chickens, but not for elucidating phylogenetic relationships among Campylobacter isolates.
Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans sequence types 325 and 339 isolated from two dogs with ulcerative lesions in Italy
Authors: Carfora Virginia , Scarampella Fabia , Iurescia Manuela , Donati Valentina , Stravino Fiorentino , Lorenzetti Serena , Menichini Erika , Franco Alessia , Caprioli Andrea , Battisti Antonio
Published: March 2018

Corynebacterium ulcerans, an emerging pathogen related to C. diphtheriae and C. pseudotuberculosis, is able to cause disease in both human and animal hosts. C. ulcerans may harbor acquired virulence factors such as dermonecrotic exotoxin phospholipase D (PLD) and the prophage-encoded diphtheria toxin (DT). Infections typically occur in persons reporting close contact with animals. In pets, C. ulcerans has been isolated from both asymptomatic carriers and clinically affected dogs and cats. We describe the isolation and characterization of C. ulcerans strains from 2 pet dogs with ulcerative lesions in Italy. The 2 isolates tested negative for both DT genes, but were PLD-producers and belonged to sequence types (STs) 325 and 339. These 2 cases highlight that C. ulcerans cutaneous infections might be underestimated in pets, given that many veterinary laboratories do not routinely consider and/or identify Corynebacterium species from cutaneous samples. Early detection and molecular typing of C. ulcerans is essential in order to implement effective treatment and to prevent diffusion and possible zoonotic transmission of certain STs.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Circumtibial and Transmembranous Routes for Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer for Dropfoot
Authors: Wagner Emilio , Wagner Pablo , Zanolli Diego , Radkievich Rubén , Redenz Gunther , Guzman Rodrigo
Published: March 2018

Background:

Tibialis posterior tendon transfer is performed when loss of dorsiflexion has to be compensated. We evaluated the circumtibial (CT), above-retinaculum transmembranous (TMAR), and under-retinaculum transmembranous (TMUR) transfer gliding resistance and foot kinematics in a cadaveric foot model during ankle range of motion (ROM).

Methods:

Eight cadaveric foot-ankle distal tibia specimens were dissected free of soft tissues on the proximal end, applying an equivalent force to 50% of the stance phase to every tendon, except for the Achilles tendon. Dorsiflexion was tested with all of the tibialis posterior tendon transfer methods (CT, TMAR, and TMUR) using a tension tensile machine. A 10-repetition cycle of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was performed for each transfer. Foot motion and the force needed to achieve dorsiflexion were recorded.

Results:

The CT transfer showed the highest gliding resistance ( P < .01). Regarding kinematics, all transfers decreased ankle ROM, with the CT transfer being the condition with less dorsiflexion compared with the control group (6.8 vs 15 degrees, P < .05). TMUR transfer did perform better than TMAR with regard to ankle dorsiflexion, but no difference was shown in gliding resistance. The CT produced a supination moment on the forefoot.

Conclusion:

The CT transfer had the highest tendon gliding resistance, achieved less dorsiflexion and had a supination moment.

Clinical Relevance

We suggest that the transmembranous tibialis posterior tendon transfer should be the transfer of choice. The potential bowstringing effect when performing a tibialis posterior tendon transfer subcutaneously (TMAR) could be avoided if the transfer is routed under the retinaculum, without significant compromise of the final function and even with a possible better ankle range of motion.
Libel by Algorithm? Automated Journalism and the Threat of Legal Liability
Authors: Lewis Seth C. , Sanders Amy Kristin , Carmody Casey
Published: March 2018

The rise of automated journalism—the algorithmically driven conversion of structured data into news stories—presents a range of potentialities and pitfalls for news organizations. Chief among the potential legal hazards is one issue that has yet to be explored in journalism studies: the possibility that algorithms could produce libelous news content. Although the scenario may seem far-fetched, a review of legal cases involving algorithms and libel suggests that news organizations must seriously consider legal liability as they develop and deploy newswriting bots. Drawing on the American libel law framework, we outline two key issues to consider: (a) the complicated matter of determining fault in a case of algorithm-based libel, and (b) the inability of news organizations to adopt defenses similar to those used by Google and other providers of algorithmic content. These concerns are discussed in light of broader trends of automation and artificial intelligence in the media and information environment.
Is parliamentary attention to the EU strongest when it is needed the most? National parliaments and the selective debate of EU policies
Authors: Winzen Thomas , de Ruiter Rik , Rocabert Jofre
Published: March 2018

When do parliaments debate European Union policies? Normative arguments suggest that debates enhance government accountability. Others warn of government bias, declining debate near elections, and parties avoiding Eurosceptic publics. Our conclusions are more differentiated. We argue that rank-and-file parliamentarians rather than leaders initiate debates. Political incentives guide their debate selection towards salient policies in the countries in which voters care most. However, where the motivation Eurosceptic publics provide and institutions facilitating rank-and-file agenda-setting are lacking, EU law-making and European Council priorities will raise little parliamentary attention. Analysis of original data, using a Bayesian and multilevel framework, lends credibility to our views. Claims of a government bias, election effects, or trends towards more debate are unlikely to hold in all countries.
ING5 is a Potential Target for Osteosarcoma Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xing , Xu Zhong-Hua , Xie Hua , Sun Ya-Wen , Liu Jun , Zhao Yin-Bi
Published: March 2018

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors. The inhibitor of growth family of protein 5 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. In this study, we confirmed the downregulation of the both inhibitor of growth family of protein 5 and messenger RNA levels in cancer tissues using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In order to find the antitumor roles of inhibitor of growth family of protein 5, osteosarcoma cells, HOS, and MG63 were transfected with the plasmid pCDNA-3.1-inhibitor of growth family of protein 5. Overexpression of Inhibitor of growth family of protein 5 could induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 were increased in inhibitor of growth family of protein 5-expressing osteosarcoma cells. Our results indicated that overexpression of inhibitor of growth family of protein 5 in osteosarcoma cells induces apoptosis by activating the Smad pathway, thus proposing a promising role for inhibitor of growth family of protein 5 in treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
A Rare Case of Axillary Artery Pseudoaneurysm Due to Shoulder Dislocation Treated With Percutaneous Thrombin Injection
Authors: Giannakakis Sotirios , Sachmpazidis Ioannis , Papapetrou Anastasios , Galyfos George , Sachsamanis Georgios , Papacharalampous Gerasimos , Maltezos Chrisostomos
Published: March 2018

The incidence of combined neurovascular injuries among patients with high-energy shoulder trauma ranges from 27% to 44%. However, the presentation of an axillary artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) due to shoulder dislocation without an associated osseous fracture is a very rare condition. Moreover, treatment of combined neurologic and vascular injuries of the shoulder remains controversial. Additionally, minimally invasive treatments such as thrombin injection have been mainly evaluated in patients with iatrogenic femoral artery PSAs. Therefore, we aim to report a rare case of axillary artery PSA associated with brachial plexus injury after shoulder dislocation treated with percutaneous thrombin injection.
Endovascular Repair of Incidentally Found Subclavian Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report From an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Franz Randall W. , Fraser Simon R.
Published: March 2018

Subclavian artery aneurysms (SAAs) are historically rare peripheral aneurysm. However, it can be associated with serious life-threatening complications including rupture, thrombosis, and embolism. The majority of such aneurysms are found incidentally. Historically, SAA have been repaired via an open approach. Increasing case reports demonstrate successful management of SAAs with endovascular repair. The present report describes a case of incidentally discovered large proximal saccular subclavian aneurysm with suspected remote traumatic etiology with a successful endovascular repair.
Range image-based density-based spatial clustering of application with noise clustering method of three-dimensional point clouds
Authors: Wen Mingyun , Cho Seoungjae , Chae Jeongsook , Sung Yunsick , Cho Kyungeun
Published: March 2018

Clustering plays an important role in processing light detection and ranging points in the autonomous perception tasks of robots. Clustering usually occurs near the start of processing three-dimensional point clouds obtained from light detection and ranging for detection and classification. Therefore, errors caused by clustering will directly affect the detection and classification accuracy. In this article, a clustering method is presented that combines density-based spatial clustering of application with noise and two-dimensional range image composed by scan lines of light detection and ranging based on the order of generation time. The results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in aspect of time efficiency and clustering accuracy. A ground extraction method based on scan line is also presented in this article, which has strong ability to separate ground points and non-ground points.
Use of Cyclophosphamide in a Child With Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ayed Hana , Chaudhary Mohammed W. , AlBaradie Raidah , Mir Ali
Published: March 2018

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The first-line treatment is usually high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis have also shown to be beneficial. Immunosuppressive agents like cyclophosphamide have been used in adults with fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Minimal improvement was seen with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. Based on the reports of cyclophosphamide being used successfully to treat adult patients with fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, we used it in our patient who then showed dramatic and quick improvement. We suggest that if conventional treatment fails, cyclophosphamide could be tried in pediatric patients with fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.