bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of UV and RP-HPLC Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Mirabegron and Solifenacin Succinate in Their Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors:   Pioneer Pharmacy Degree College, Ajwa-Nimeta road, Vadodara-390019, Gujarat, India, Patel Jenisha
Published: August 2022

Recently, a new formulation containing Mirabegron (MB) and Solifenacin succinate (SFS) has been approved for the management of over active bladder. However, only one analytical method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of both the analytes. Therefore, the current study was design to develop simple UV derivative spectroscopic and rapid RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of MB and SFS. The chromatographic separation of MB and SFS was performed using Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (150mm × 4.5 mm × 5 µm) analytical column. A mixture of Water: Acetonitrile (20:80%v/v) was consider as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1ml/min and at detector wavelength 225nm. A linear response was observe over the concentration range 2.5-12.5 µg/ml and 0.5-2.5 µg/ml respectively. The first order derivative method was develop by derivatisation of the zero absorption spectra for the first absorption spectra. The Zero crossing point of MB and SFS at 221 nm and 266 nm was obtain respectively. Beer’s law is obey in the concentration range of 7.5-20 µg/ml and 1.5-4 µg/ml for MB and SFS with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9984 and 0.9993 respectively. Both the methods were validated in accordance to guidelines for linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), accuracy and robustness. Further, both the methods were validated and compared statistically using Student’s-t-test and employed for the concurrent estimation of MB and SFS in formulations. The proposed methods were simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. Therefore, they can be use for regular quality control of MB and SFS formulations and dissolution studies as well.
Argumentação em aulas de Probabilidade no Ensino Fundamental: uma proposta utilizando o Peer Instruction (Instrução por Pares)
Authors: Barbosa Ewellyn Amâncio Araújo , Lozada Claudia de Oliveira , Santos Jaciara de Abreu
Published: August 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar como a proposta do Peer Instruction (Instrução por Pares) pode contribuir para desenvolver a argumentação em aulas de Probabilidade do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa trazemos uma proposta de utilização de dois jogos digitais sobre probabilidade inseridos na metodologia Peer Instruction. Os resultados dos testes realizados com a proposta demonstraram que os jogos são potencialmente significativos e podem trazer uma nova abordagem da metodologia ativa instrução por pares e favorecer a argumentação na medida que sua interface possibilita a elaboração de conjecturas e justificativas acerca dos conceitos de probabilidade, além de tornar o processo ensino-aprendizagem mais dinâmico.
An error analysis on Turkish EFL learners’ writing tasks
Authors: DUYGUN Berfu , KARABACAK Pınar
Published: August 2022

This descriptive qualitative study aimed to investigate the types and sources of errors committed by Turkish students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in their foreign language (L2) writings as well as find out whether there is a difference in terms of the number, classification, and sources of errors between students at two different proficiency levels. To this end, the study was carried out at the School of Foreign Languages at a non-profit foundation university in Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. The students participating in the study (N= 32), who were selected using the convenient sampling method and participated in the study voluntarily, were Turkish preparatory class students having two different English proficiency levels, namely A1 level (n= 16) and A2 level (n= 16). Data for the study came from three different narrative paragraphs (each ranging in a 100 - 200 word band) written by the students, and a total of 96 paragraphs were collected for the study. The analysis revealed that the most frequent type of error was grammatical errors overall, a large part of which was the inappropriate use of verb forms. Moreover, findings concerning the potential differences between two proficiency levels showed that A1 level learners committed more errors than A2 level learners in all types except the semantic errors. Based on these findings, a number of implications for L2 writing teachers are discussed.
Women’s socio-economic empowerment, Sustainable Development Goal 05, and Pakistan’s commitment: an assessment
Authors: Arif Sardar M. A. W. K. , Bushra Bannian
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyse the condition of women's socio-economic empowerment in Pakistan and its position regarding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, which relates to “gender equality and women empowerment”. The paper highlights the socio-economic dilemmas of Pakistani women and discusses the impediments they face in the exercise of their fundamental rights. The article establishes that while Pakistan is making constant efforts to draft pro-women laws, the country continues to face critical challenges regarding its effective implementation. The question is, what are the programs, strategies, schemes, and plans that government, its institutions, civil societies, and Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) can introduce and incorporate to improve women's circumstances and safeguard their interests? This paper identifies the discrimination against women as the root cause behind their socio-economic stagnation, it thus concludes that national development is not possible until gender parity and empowerment of women are implemented in its true letter and spirit as guaranteed in “Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” and other laws of land respectively.
Preparo profundo de solo e adubação para plantio de café conilon
Authors:   , Arcos Calvache Diego Fernando
Published: August 2022

No Estado de Espírito Santo o café conilon “Coffea canephora” apresenta grande importância econômica, sendo este o maior produtor no Brasil, responsável por 75% da produção nacional. Durante a realização do levantamento exploratório de solos do estado de Espírito Santo o termo solo "coeso" foi inicialmente empregado, para distinguir horizontes minerais subsuperficiais de solos que apresentavam consistência no mínimo dura, quando secos, e friável a firme, quando úmidos. Os cafeeiros são plantas perenes que necessitam de desenvolvimento radicular adequado para que atinjam boas produtividades. As limitações físicas do solo em subsuperfície, ocasionado pelo adensamento natural, dificultam o desenvolvimento radicular limitando acesso a nutrientes e água. Neste sentido, o preparo profundo do solo, juntamente com adubação mineral e orgânica podem reduzir ou eliminar as restrições ao crescimento das raízes em camadas profundas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos, do preparo profundo do solo, e da adubação mineral e orgânica na produtividade do café. O experimento foi conduzido no município de São Gabriel da Palha-ES, região que apresenta solos tipicamente coesos. O experimento foi montado num arranjo simples, com cinco tratamentos combinando preparo do solo e adubação, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo: T1: Preparo de solo a 60 cm, adubação padrão; T2: Preparo de solo a 60 cm, adubação mineral, cama de frango e biocarvão; T3: Preparo profundo de solo a 150 cm, adubação mineral; T4: Preparo Profundo de solo a 150 cm, adubação mineral e cama de frango; T5: Preparo profundo de solo a 150 cm, adubação mineral, cama de frango e biocarvão. Os resultados mostraram aumento de produtividade de até 26% com o preparo profundo do solo, com adubação mineral e orgânica em relação ao controle produtor. A presença do carvão não influenciou a produtividade ou estado nutricional do cafeeiro. A avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas mostrou similaridades entre os tratamentos, não havendo, portanto, limitações nutricionais para a produtividade. Os resultados mostraram que a redução das restrições químicas, e melhoramento da fertilidade em profundidade nos solos coesos é uma pratica importante para ganhos de produtividade do café conilon.Palavras-chave: Coffea canephora. Solos coesos. Subsolo.
Uso e cobertura do solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Doce (MG/ES): inter-relações para a governança
Authors:   , Sposito Elaine Caliman
Published: August 2022

A investigação dos padrões e das mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo são essenciais para a melhor compreensão dos processos que ocorrem na paisagem e para o planejamento da utilização e governança dos recursos naturais. No presente estudo, os padrões e mudanças anuais e espaço-temporais do uso e cobertura do solo (1985 -2018) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Doce - BHRD (MG/ES) foram avaliados, além de sua relação com as variáveis ambientais. Ao todo, 34 mapas de uso e cobertura do solo foram utilizados, além de dados de altitude, declividade, precipitação, temperatura e classes de solos. As análises incluíram a caracterização do uso e cobertura do solo da BHRD e suas sub-bacias; a presença - ausência de alterações do uso; as classes modais de uso do solo e suas frequências; o número e a variação dos usos (dinâmica); e as relações dos usos do solo com as variáveis ambientais. Os resultados mostraram que, embora cerca de 50% da bacia não apresentou mudança de classe de uso do solo, as áreas de floresta natural e pastagem sofreram reduções de -1,9 % e -9,1 %, respectivamente, entre os anos de 1985 e 2018. As maiores conversões da floresta natural ocorreram para a pastagem, a floresta plantada e o mosaico agricultura/pastagem. Houve aumento líquido das áreas de mosaico agricultura/pastagem, floresta plantada e agricultura. Contudo, as mudanças ocorreram de formas distintas entre as sub- bacias. A percentagem de área de floresta natural ultrapassou a pastagem em altitudes, declividades e precipitações maiores. A agricultura ocorreu nas menores altitudes e declividades. Quando comparado com o ano de 1985, em 2018, o mosaico agricultura/pastagem passou a predominar em menor altitude, e a floresta plantada, em altitudes maiores. O Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico foi a classe predominante, seguida pelo Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico, ambos predominantes em áreas onde não houve mudança no uso do solo, sendo esse percentual maior para os Argissolos. Houve diferenças em relação à predominância das classes de solos entre as sub- bacias e entre os usos do solo. Os principais usos do solo da BHRD se estabeleceram, em grande parte, antes de 1985, assim como muitos dos problemas relacionados à gestão de seus recursos naturais. É urgente o desenvolvimento de ações que favoreçam a transição florestal e a reversão da degradação dos solos, de forma que a análise integrada da variação espaço-temporal do uso, realizada sob o amparo da governança e da segurança do solo, pode auxiliar nessa gestão. Palavras-chave: MapBiomas. Análise espaço-temporal. Recursos naturais. Geoprocessamento.
Por um naturalismo moderado?; For a moderate naturalism?
Authors: Moraes de Assis Saulo
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, discutiremos o naturalismo de Alvin Goldman em relação à questão da normatividade da epistemologia. Para isso, revisamos a apresentação que este autor faz do conhecimento e da justificação entendidas sob um enfoque naturalista. Pretende-se entender como Goldman incorpora elementos da epistemologia especulativa tradicional ao seu ponto de vista naturalista. Apresentamos algumas distinções, feitas pelo próprio Goldman, a fim de esclarecer as diferentes abordagens que uma postura naturalista na epistemologia pode ter e discutir sua formulação de um naturalismo moderado. No final, procuramos apresentar algumas fragilidades dessa pretensão para pensar sobre a questão de se um naturalismo moderado é necessário.
Abstract
In this paper, we will discuss Alvin Goldman's naturalism in relation to the question of the normativity of epistemology. For this, we review the presentation that this author makes of knowledge and justification understood under a naturalistic approach. It is intended to understand how Goldman incorporates elements of traditional speculative epistemology to his naturalistic point of view. We present some distinctions, made by Goldman himself, in order to clarify the different approaches that a naturalist stance in epistemology can take and to discuss his formulation of a moderate naturalism. In the end, we try to present some weaknesses of this pretension to think about the question of whether a moderate naturalism is necessary.
Play therapy in motor skills in children from 3 to 5 years of age with Down Syndrome.
Authors: Gutierrez Jacome Diana Beatriz , Gomez Morales Oscar Wladimir , Gutierrez Jacome Natalia Karina , Gutierrez Jacome Silvana del Pilar
Published: August 2022

For several years, therapies for children with different disabilities have focused on clinical processes that often cause discomfort and pain in patients. Hence, in current times, other aspects related to therapy are evaluated, which allow the necessary clinical process to be carried out but also favor children's moods andemotions. This work proposes a methodology based on Play therapy in children from 3 to 5 years old with Down syndrome. For this, qualitative research was carried out to identify the main difficulties that children present in the fine and gross motor areas with the Wheel of Child Development instrument to determine the necessary methods for the proposal. The main results show that play therapy, in addition to providing a moment of fun, relaxation, and enjoyment, allows the development of the child's skills.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of technological advances in health education
Authors: Cedeno Caballero Jim Victor , Vega Velasquez Maricela Isabel , Reyes Galarza Isabel Victoria , Palma Reyes Jeremy Jorge
Published: August 2022

The following research work reflects the study of the relationship and influence, besides the efficacy, that exists between the aspects of the arrangement and management of higher education in Health Sciences area and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). A bibliographic review was carried out with criteria based on the observation to recognize the technological aspects that have eased health education area. The main results show that health education has been greatly favored with the use of technological tools due to their convenience about time and space, since user can access information and education whenever and wherever they wish to.
Digital Competencies, critical thinking and innovation: Systematic Mapping
Authors: Velasco Donoso Andrea Paola , Rosero Constante Luis Arturo , Centanaro Vega Vanny Karlina
Published: August 2022

Technology is an extension of our body and is present in our daily lives, which has led to a narrow mindset that equates digital transformation with access to technology and the use of digital resources, believing that passive consumption of online content will contribute to a digital mindset. Digital transformationis not just about access to technology, but also about understanding and using technology to solve problems, and critical thinking is key to driving innovation. This study systematically maps the outcomes of educational practices that contribute to the development of digital competencies. Twenty-six articles related to the research topic were identified, which show that there is an absence of studying innovation as an effect of the appropriation of digital skills.
Analysis of business culture as a factor to generalize dual education
Authors: Mina Angulo Rosa Mary , Fernandez Peralta Jorge Luis
Published: August 2022

Dual education is one that combines industrial and business elements with university academic training, in such a way that educational profiles are aligned with business needs. Although this form of education has been successful in some regions, in much of Latin America it has not been possible to establishit, initially due to the lack of collaboration from the State and later due to the business culture that does not view these proposals as productive alternatives. long-term. This paper proposes an analysis of the possible factors that favor dual education and those that do not favor it in the Latin American territory. The main results reveal that business-university integration is essential for the academic, economic and social development of nations.
Findings in endovaginal ultrasound in hemorrhage in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Sánchez Vaca Milton Steeven
Published: August 2022

Vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is an event that can cause concern for its possible causes. Through the use of endovaginal ultrasound, it is possible to obtain valuable information on the causes of obstetric hemorrhages that occur from the embryo implantation phase to the final stages of pregnancy. In this work, the findings found recurrently in pregnant patients up to week 12 are exposed. 205 cases that met the study requirements were included in the work, of which 77 ended in abortions (complete 32, incomplete 25, deferred 20) and 128 were abortion threats, the presence of retroplacental hematomas in the cases was 78, and the remaining 50 cases were due to other causes.
Continuous improvement approach in participatory management.
Authors: Carrasco Vega Yajaira Lizeth , Carril Verastegui Benjamin David , Rojas Cruzado Eder , Cabanillas Nano Sara Isabel
Published: August 2022

The general objective of the study was to propose a participatory management model based on the continuous improvement of the coordinated development plan, Condorcanqui province - 2020-2030. The design used was of a positive descriptive category. An experimental, non-probabilistic sample of 40 servers wasused from the province of Condorcanqui. Survey techniques were used and questionnaires were used as a tool; Descriptive statistics are used to process data through SPSS v.25 and Microsoft Excel 2016, which contains functions, formulas, tables, and figures. The results show us a good measure, a similar situation is also found in the aspects of human capacity, sustainable economic production, ecological sustainability, and institutional development, this result is confirmed by obtaining a confidence value of 0.962 of l 'of Cronbach. alpha to achieve the objectives. It concluded that the continuous improvement approach of theparticipatory management of the comprehensive development plan, Condorcanqui province - 2020-2030, constitutes a fundamental tool to raise the level of participatory management and the level of democratic governance of the city at the provincial level.
KONVANSİYONEL MALZEME İLE ÜRETİLEN TAKIDA TEMEL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK PROBLEMLERİ
Authors: ERTAN Neşem
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışma, dünya üzerindeki her bir bireyi ilgilendiren ve dikkat çekilmesi gereken bir konu olan ‘sürdürülebilirlik’ hareketi kapsamında konvansiyonel malzeme ile üretilen takının yerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, takının sürdürülebilir hale gelmesi için, maden aramadan üretimine kadar var olan problemler ortaya konmuş ve global olarak uygulanan çözümler, çeşitli markalardan örnekler verilerek aktarılmıştır. Bunun yanında, sürdürülebilirlik ve takı ilişkisini içeren kaynaklardan oluşan literatür taramasında yer alan veriler derlenmiş, çevrimiçi sunumlar, toplantılar, konuşmalar ve röportajlar taranmıştır. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu çalışmanın, takı ürününün daha sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi için, geleceğe dönük uygulamalara öncülük etmesi hedeflenmiştir. Takı üretiminde sürdürülebilir olmayan ve problem teşkil eden uygulamalar ve uygulanmakta olan ve yaygınlaşması gereken bazı çözümler aktarılmıştır.
WEATHER BASED INDEX INSURANCE AND ITS ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Kajwang Ben
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Insurance not only is a shock absorber for farmers and other actors in the agricultural value chain, but it also enables access to credit and hence is an integral part of financial inclusion, and it enables/protects investments in better inputs and technologies which increase productivity. The different forms of insurance also reduce the government's budget exposure to agricultural risks. Crop insurance could incentivize farmers to increase their input use but indemnity-based crop insurance programs are plagued by market failures. The purpose of this research work was to examine weather-based index insurance and its role in agricultural production. This study highlights the key opportunities for weather-based index products and bring further clarity to how the use of weather-based index insurance can help to transform agriculture production.

Methodology: Relevant book references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old.

Findings: This study found that the uptake of weather-based index insurance is positively and significantly associated with the use of chemical fertilizer and improved seeds, and also with crop yield. The study concludes that upscaling of weather-based index insurance programs may help to spur agricultural development in agricultural production.

Recommendations: The study recommends that weather-based index insurance be linked to an existing development program or other market opportunities to provide added value to the client. As a stand-alone product, weather-based index insurance may be seen as an unnecessary cost and have little demand from farmers who face a variety of risks in addition to weather risks. The study also recommends partnership between weather-based index insurance programs and complementary agricultural development or risk management programs. NGOs in particular could play an important and independent role in the extension of information to farmers, possibly in conjunction with official extension services.
Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia Below 2 Years of Age
Authors: Khan HJ
Published: August 2022

Acute respiratory tract illness is the leading cause of death in the developing countries. This case control study was endeavored with an aim to assess the factors that can increase the risk of pneumonia in children. Methodology: This Case-Control study was carried out at the Paediatrics Department of Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College Hospital (JRRMCH) in Sylhet from January 2018 to July 2018.This study involved 200 children of 6 to 24 months age, among them 100 children who was hospitalized in JRRMCH for pneumonia during the study period as case. The control group included 100 children who was selected purposively came for immunization at JRRMCH EPI centre and at OPD for other problem but free from pneumonia. Sample were selected according to the inclusion & exclusion criteria. A case definition for pneumonia as outlined by the WHO(2014) was used as the criteria for case inclusion. Children with history of low birth weight, congenital cardiovascular or respiratory malformation, chromosomal abnormalities, recurrent wheeze, were excluded from the study. Data were collected by interviews of the parents using a structured questionnaire. Pneumonia (a child with cough or difficult breathing and fast breathing and or chest in-drawing with recently developed radiological pulmonary shadowing)1 affected 100 children included in case group and 100 children free of pneumonia included in control group. SPSS version 22 were used to analyze the data. Independent sample‘t’ test and Chi (x2 ) square test were done. Results: Residential area, socio-economic status, maternal education, H/A score, formula feeding, types of complimentary feeding, passive smoking, birth order >2, family member, crowding index and birth spacing are significantly associated with development of pneumonia. Conclusion: Children belonged to rural area, poor maternal education, low socio-economic status, stunting height for age, formula feeding, types of complimentary feeding, exposure to passive smoking, birth order>2, birth spacing, family member and crowding index were significantly (p<0.05) associated with pneumonia.
An approach based on integrated skills
Authors: Shoxobiddinov Sirojiddin
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the differences between an integrated-skills approach and a segregated-skills approach in L2 acquisition: teaching receptive (listening and reading) and productive (speaking and writing) skills together rather than separately in a foreign language classroom. The opposing two perspectives of each teaching approach advocate will be discussed in this article, as well as the rationale(s) provided by each team to support the effectiveness of their foreign language teaching approach: integrated-skills approach and segregated-skills approach.
Ta’lim muassasalari xodimlarini boshqarishda innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo‘llash
Authors: Ro‘ziyev Shoxruz
Published: August 2022

Xodimlarni boshqarishda innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo‘llash bugungi kunning dolzarb muammolaridan biri hisoblanadi. Shundan kelib chiqqan holda maqolada shu xususda so‘z yuritilgan. Shu bilan birga, innovatsiya haqida umumiy tushuncha berilgan bo‘lib, xodimlarni boshqarishdagi innovatsiyalarning xususiyatlari tavsiflangan hamda qo‘llaniladigan innovatsion texnologiyalar ochib berilgan.
PERFIL CLÍNICO, DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO DOS PACIENTES COM MUCOPOLISSACARIDOSE TIPO VI: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Oliveira Andrade Lanna , Nery dos Santos Lucas , Garcia Lima Marluci , Costa Silva Moisés , Carvalho Batista Nelson Jorge
Published: August 2022

A Síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy, também conhecida como mucopolissacaridose tipo VI, é uma síndrome que faz parte de um grupo de doenças metabólicas raríssimas, e afeta um pequeno número de indivíduos, quando comparado com a população geral, ou seja, a incidência mundial é estimada em 1:248.000 a 1:300.000 nascidos vivos entre as mais diferentes populações. O estudo tem como objetivo principal falar avaliação do diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com MPS VI. Os dados foram coletados utilizando as bases cientificas: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Library of medicine (PUBMED), Biblioteca Virtual em saúde – (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Foram utilizados como descritores:  síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy, MPS VI, mucopolissacaridose tipo VI nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram utilizados nessa pesquisa os trabalhos sobre qualidade de vida dos pacientes com mucopolissacaridose tipo VI, que mais se enquadraram no objetivo, publicados entre 2008 e 2022. Foram excluídos todos os demais trabalhos e publicações que não se referem ao tema desse estudo.
THE ROLE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS‎
Authors: AL-KINDI Latifha Bint Abdullah , AL-ABRI Ahmed Bin Abdullah , AL-DHUHLI Rabee Al-Murr
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to identify the role of school administration in developing sustainable tourism awareness among students in the Sultanate of Oman. The descriptive approach was used and a questionnaire of two parts was developed. The first part is about the general data for the study sample members and the second part covered (3) fields consisting of (23) Paragraph. The first field is about the role of the school principal while the second field is about the role of the senior teacher. The third field is about the role of the school activity specialist, and the study sample consisted of (1147) male and female teachers. The results concluded that the school administration’s role in developing sustainable tourism awareness among school students, according to the teachers’ estimates, came to an average degree. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences for the role of school administration in developing sustainable tourism awareness among school students in the Sultanate of Oman according to the gender variable in the general degree and in all fields in favor of females. There were also statistically significant differences in the general degree, and the second field in favor of 16 years and over. In light of these results, some recommendations were made, including the inclusion of competitions and programs for tourism awareness among school students within the plans and programs of the activities department in the educational directorates. School principals should be involved in some forums and events that help to form relationships with local community institutions concerned with tourism. Moreover, some publications and brochures that aim to increase students' culture and awareness of the tourism aspect should be published.‎ Key words: Sustainable Tourism Awareness, School Administration, Sultanate of Oman.
THE CONSTRUCTION PATH OF FIRST-CLASS UNDERGRADUATE MAJORS IN LOCAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA-- AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON STUDENT SATISFACTION EVALUATION
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Chuan , Qing Xu
Published: August 2022

Using the qualitative analysis software NVivo to code and analyze 16 authoritative and representative documents related to the construction standards of first-class undergraduate majors, and drawing lessons from the CIPP evaluation model, this paper constructs four dimensions, including professional background, professional investment, professional construction process and professional construction effect, covering the source of students The theoretical framework of the first-class undergraduate specialty construction index system with 8 first-class indicators such as specialty positioning and 17 second-class indicators and 55 third-class indicators. Based on this evaluation framework, the questionnaire on student satisfaction with first-class undergraduate specialty construction is compiled. The multivariate linear analysis model shows that the overall interpretability of the main factors affecting student satisfaction reaches 99.9%. The research shows that students are generally satisfied with the construction of first-class undergraduate majors in a Local Application-oriented University in China, have the highest satisfaction with the teaching staff and professional quality assurance, and have the lowest satisfaction with the professional school running conditions. There is a long way to go to improve students' satisfaction and promote the construction of first-class undergraduate majors in China's Local Application-oriented Universities. We should build a new three-dimensional development pattern of “one body, two wings and three integration” of discipline, curriculum, specialty and education; Build a new model of characteristic development in the “12345” period; Build a new first-class talent training system guided by “quality improvement''.
THE STRATEGIES OF IMPROVING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCE-BASED CURRICULUM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA: THE CASE STUDY OF TABORA REGION
Authors: Assey Ernest S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate what stakeholders in education thought about strategies to enhance the competence-based curriculum's effective implementation in Tanzania's secondary schools.

The research methodology: A case study research design was used in the study. 112 participants from various educational categories, including District Education Officers (DEO), Quality Assurers (QA), heads of secondary schools and teachers, participated in focus groups and interviews to acquire the data. The study also employed a thematic approach to data presentation and analysis.

Findings: The study's findings identified several strategies that can be used in Tanzania to successfully implement a competency-based curriculum: ensure that heads of schools regularly receive pedagogical leadership training, improve in-service teacher training, improve school-based indoor training, employ enough teachers, improve school infrastructure, provide enough teaching and learning materials, ensure effective partnership between schools and parents improve library services and improve use of information technology, improve school based assessment procedures and establishment of school-based quality assurance department.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings of the study supported the constructivist theorists' claim that social interaction among students is an important factor in fostering meaningful learning. As an outcome, it will be possible to adequately apply the competency based curriculum in the classroom if there is a positive teaching and learning environment that is characterised by having sufficient teachers, teaching and learning resources and knowledgeable school leaders.  The study recommended that both public and private schools keep up their efforts to hire enough teachers, increase and redevelop school facilities, install information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures at every school and establish and strengthen initiatives aimed at training heads of schools and teachers in pedagogical leadership.
The Response of Woody Species to Air Pollutants in an Urban Environment
Authors: Brennan Eileen , Rhoads Ann
Published: August 2022

New Jersey is a small, heavily industrialized, highly populated state. Its air quality frequently exceeds the critical concentrations of several pollutants causing extensive plant damage. In a study conducted from 1973-1975 we systematically documented and evaluated the effect of air pollutants on trees. Among the gaseous pollutants that caused significant damage to many species were hydrogen fluoride and ozone. Sulfur dioxide damage was conspicuously absent, no doubt due to legal restrictions on burning high sulfur fuels during that period. A particulate causing extensive damage was cement dust, and this occurred in a native oak forest some 30 years after the dust had been emitted into the ambient air from a local source. Along heavily traveled highways another particulate, cadmium, was detected in appreciable quantities in certain tree species, particularly pin oak. Although it did not cause visible damage to the tree as did the other pollutants, there are aspects of the pollutant-plant interaction that merit attention.
The Beech Bark Disease
Authors: Shigo Alex
Published: August 2022

The beech bark disease, caused by fungi (principally Nectria coccinea var. faginata) infecting minute feeding wounds made by scale insects (principally Cryptococcus fagl) in the bark of beech (Fagus grandifolia), is well established in the eastern United States and is spreading. Many beech trees are killed and weakened in infected stands, although some trees seem to have a natural resistance to the disease. There was little real concern about the disease in the U.S. until the last few years, when industries learned to use beech profitably. Now there is a need for better understanding of the disease
Copper Toxicity in Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Kuhns Larry , Sydnor T. Davis
Published: August 2022

Rhododendron obtusum Planch. 'Delaware Valley' (Delaware Valley Azalea), Buxus sempervirens L. (common boxwood) and Cotoneaster divaricata Rehd. and Wils. (spreading cotoneaster) grown in sand culture received a complete nutrient solution containing Cu concns ranging from 0.032 ppm to 100 ppm. Development of Cu toxicity symptoms were recorded for 8 weeks, then Cu, Fe, and Mn levels in roots, stems, and leaves were determined. Chronic Cu toxicity symptoms were interveinal chlorosis and stunted growth. Acute Cu toxicity caused wilting, desiccation, and death of all affected plants. Tissue Fe and Mn levels were not consistently correlated to the Cu concn of the treatment solution. Only tissue Cu levels proved useful as an index of Cu toxicity.
Evaluating Line Clearing Crews
Authors: Miller James
Published: August 2022

In 1971, the Manager of Public Service Company of Colorado ordered an evaluation of all line clearing contractors that were under contract to the Company to determine which contractor was doing the best job for the Company. Various reports, forms, guidelines and procedures were developed to accomplish this task. Within reasonable limitations, it is now possible to grade the various line clearing contractors and individual crews with a degree of confidence.
Water as Source of Salmonella Species Contamination in
Jordanian Broiler Farms
Authors: Alramini Salam
Published: August 2022

Broiler chickens are a major meat product worldwide. Maintaining the health of flocks is essential for poultry farming and it is critical to minimize exposure to waterborne pathogens. This study determined the extent of Salmonella spp. infections and identified sources of waterborne disease transmission at representative Jordanian broiler farms. We investigated 10 broiler farms located in five Jordanian Governorates; Amman, Irbid, Karak, Zarqa, and Madaba. Cloacal swabs were collected from chickens and water samples were collected from farm tanks, broiler house tanks, and drinking apparatus (drinkers) over three rearing cycles. Water was tested for pH and residual free chlorine. Salmonella spp. was isolated from the cloacal and water samples using biochemical methods and confirmed as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by PCR. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was detected at sampled farms at different percentages and the pathogen was found in 16.6% (15/90) of drinkers and 20% (30/150) of cloacal samples. The total and free residual chlorine concentrations in the water were lower than the recommended levels. The average pH was within the recommended values. This study concluded that S. Enteritidis is prevalent in broiler farms in Jordan. Thus, improved hygienic practices at broiler farms and the establishment of national water quality guidelines are necessary to decrease S. Enteritidis transmission in boiler farmers and thus enhance food safety in Jordan.
Occupational Accidents and Work Injuries in Jordan’s
Economic Sectors between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Aljbour Salah
Published: August 2022

A growing emphasis is being placed on raising global awareness of the magnitude and consequences of work-related accidents, injuries, and diseases, as well as designing and implementing efficient preventive and protective policies and programs. Statistical data on occupational accidents and diseases, as well as work-related deaths on a national level, may assist decision makers in critically assessing the status of occupational health and safety (OHS) and proposing appropriate measures to improve the status of OSH to meet global standards. Jordan faces economic challenges that necessitate effective measures to reduce damage and economic losses caused by workplace accidents and injuries, as it has been revealed that the work injury rate is approximately one accident every 44 minutes and the death from a work injury occurs every 3 days. The average fatal injury rate per 105 of workers is 8.6. The manufacturing sector reported the largest percentage of work injuries (35.9%). The fall of persons caused the largest percentage of work injuries (29.3%). Accidents that resulted in "Bruises" accounted for 33.4% of all accidents, while accidents that resulted in "Wounds" accounted for 26.8% of all accidents. The percentage of work-related injuries that resulted in curable injuries accounted for 75.8% of the total injuries. The cost of work accidents is reflected by an estimated average of 80000 absence days and annual social security costs of approximately 8.8 million JD.
The effect of intradiscal injection of percutaneous radiopaque gel ethanol on pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation: Our clinical experience
Authors: Gurbuz Oguz
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH); It is an important disease that is common in society and can cause socioeconomic problems. There are many treatment algorithms for LDH, including medical and surgical. Our aim in this study; To evaluate the clinical results of patients with LDH who did not benefit from conservative treatment after percutaneous intradiscal radiopaque gel ethanol (RGE) procedure in the light of the literature.
Methods: A total of 44 levels of percutaneous intradiscal RGE were applied to 41 patients, 14 men and 27 women, hospitalized with the diagnosis of LDH. patients; Demographic characteristics, treatments they received, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken 6 months later, visual analog scores (VAS) before and 6 months after percutaneous intradiscal RGE procedure, complications, side effects and patient satisfaction after the procedure were evaluated.
Results: The VAS values of the patients were 8 before the procedure and 4.2 6 months after the procedure. A 47.5% reduction in pain was observed and these data were evaluated as statistically significant. When patients were asked about their satisfaction with the procedure after the percutaneous RGE procedure; 4 patients answered "poor", 13 patients "moderate", 13 patients "good" and 11 patients "excellent". The rate of those who were satisfied with the procedure was 90.2%, and these data were not considered statistically significant.
Conclusion: As a result; Percutaneous intradiscal RGE procedure, in patients with a diagnosis of LDH and who did not benefit from conservative treatment; It can be a minimally invasive technique that reduces pain.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Multiple Lung Metastases: Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tugrul Fuzuli
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Oligometastatic lung cancers are usually small in size and high doses of radiation increase the chance of local control. In this study, it was aimed to treat patients with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) technique and to examine the early effects of treatment in order to control these tumors of patients whose primary tumor was controlled but 3 and 4 metastases developed in their lungs.
Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of seven patients with three to four lung metastases were acquired using 2 mm sections. Treatment plans were prepared to deliver a total of 48 Gray (Gy) in four fractions at two isocenters. All plans were created using the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) and the MonteCarlo algorithm at a filter-free 6MV energy (6FFF - dose rate: 1600 MU/min). During all these processes, the exact target was irradiated through active breathing control (ABC). Patients were administered a pulmonary function test (PFT) before and after the treatment and the results were compared.
Results: 100% of the intended dose was prescribed to the tumor volumes of the patients. Critical organ doses met the TG101 standards. The maximum dose of the plans was kept below 120%. All treatment plans reached desired values and were clinically accepted.
Conclusion: Local control was achieved in the patients and there was no grade 3-4-5 radiation pneumonia (RP). In particular, patients with severe pulmonary comorbidities should be carefully monitored for RP during the few months of follow-up after SBRT. Depending on the patient's condition (holding the breath, being stable, etc.) or the characteristics of the linear accelerator, SBRT can be safely administered to metastases at two or three isocenters and the metastases can be controlled when patients with locally controlled primary tumors develop multiple distant metastases in the lungs.
Hepatobiliary System Effects And Clinical Features of Sars-Cov-2 Infection; Case-Control Study
Authors: Yalinbas Kaya Berrin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been an important health problem worldwide for the last 3 years. The pathogenesis and consequences of liver injury developed in COVID-19 disease are still unclear. We investigated the prevalence of liver function tests (LFTs) abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, their relationship with drugs, the difference between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, and the results of the course of LFTs among patients hospitalized in intensive care units and clinics.
Methods: 389 patients who applied to Eskişehir City Hospital between March 2020 and October 2020 were included in the study. Demographic data of RT-PCR (+) patients and RT-PCR (-) control groups (age, gender, comorbidities, symptoms), laboratory parameters, radiological examinations, follow-ups in the clinics and intensive care units, drugs used for the infection were collected retrospectively. All patients with COVID-19 were classified as severe cases or mild to moderate cases groups.
Results: Abnormal LFTs were found in 115 (35.2%) of 321 patients with RT-PCR(+), and in 10 (14.7%) of 68 patients in the PCR(-) control group. LFTs at the time of hospitalization were 10.3%, 22.7%, 4.9%, 11.4% and 1.2% in the patient group, respectively; in the control group, it was 1.9%, 2.9%, 2%, 3.3%, 0.8% (p=0.610, p=0.00, p=0.269, p=0.198, p=0.158). There was a significant increase in LFTs in patients who received antibiotics (Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Clarithromycin, Tazobactam, Carbapenem), low molecular weight heparins and antiviral (favipravir) treatments (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001). While the increase in LFTs were significant in the mild (40.2%; 8.2%) and severe groups (41.2%; 5.2%), the number of patients with elevated LFTs in the control group was low (0.5%).
Conclusion: Liver damage is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is quite mild. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a higher frequency of abnormal LFTs than those with mild disease. Disease severity, pre-existing liver disease, and advanced age are risk factors for liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and hypoxia-induced liver injury may be the main etiological factors for liver injury in COVID-19.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Pekcolaklar Atilla
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are uncommon complications of COVID-19 viral pneumonia and these complications remain unknown largely. This study aimed to determine the relationship between pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and COVID-19 prognosis.
Methods: Between March 2020 and January 2021, 82 COVID-19 (+) patients diagnosed with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum were evaluated retrospectively. Data were obtained from the medical records of the patients, including demographic information, laboratory evaluations, radiological evaluations (PA lung, Thorax CT), clinical management, prognosis, and survival.
Results: While 74 (90.2%) of the patients had COVID-19 proven by the laboratory, 8 (9.8%) patients were diagnosed based on their clinical picture and computed tomography (CT) findings. Seventy-six patients (92.7%) had pneumothorax, while 10 (12.1%) had additional pneumomediastinum and 6 patients (7.3%) isolated pneumomediastinum. There was no significant difference in the median duration of pneumothorax based on the presence (median: 8.55, IQR: 13) days) or absence (median: 2.5, IQR: 10) of mechanical ventilation (Mann-Whitney U Z=1.548, p=0.122). Most of the inflammatory markers as well as blood gas values differed significantly between the deceased and survived patients (p<0.05). Age, treatment groups, and the presence of comorbidities were the significant variables associated with survival in univariate analyses. A multivariate analysis revealed pH and sex as the only significant independent predictors of survival.
Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are rare complications of COVID-19 viral pneumonia. They can occur at any time during the course of the disease. In general, elderly patients with comorbidities who are exposed to mechanical ventilation seem to be at increased risk.