bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Controlling Emission Anisotropy in Lead Halide Perovskite Emitters for LED Outcoupling Enhancement
Authors: Marcato Tommaso , Kumar Sudhir , Shih Chih‐Jen
Published: December 2024

In the last decade, momentous progress in lead halide perovskite (LHP) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is witnessed as their external quantum efficiency (ηext) has increased from 0.1 to more than 30%. Indeed, perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs), which can in principle reach 100% internal quantum efficiency as they are not limited by the spin‐statistics, are reaching their full potential and approaching the theoretical limit in terms of device efficiency. However, ≈70% to 85% of total generated photons are trapped within the devices through the dissipation pathways of the substrate, waveguide, and evanescent modes. To this end, numerous extrinsic and intrinsic light‐outcoupling strategies are studied to enhance light‐outcoupling efficiency (ηout). At the outset, various external and internal light outcoupling techniques are reviewed with specific emphasis on emission anisotropy and its role on ηout. In particular, the device ηext can be enhanced by up to 50%, taking advantage of the increased probability for photons outcoupled to air by effectively inducing horizontally oriented emission transition dipole moments (TDM) in the perovskite emitters. The role of the TDM orientation in PeLED performance and the factors allowing its rational manipulation are reviewed extensively. Furthermore, this account presents an in‐depth discussion about the effects of the self‐assembly of LHP colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) into superlattices on the NC emission anisotropy and optical properties.
Acid‐Induced in Situ Phase Separation and Percolation for Constructing Bi‐Continuous Phase Hydrogel Electrodes With Motion‐Insensitive Property
Authors: Han Qingquan , Gao Xigang , Zhang Chao , Tian Yajie , Liang Sen , Li Xin , Jing Yafeng , Zhang Milin , Wang Anhe , Bai Shuo
Published: December 2024

Conducting polymer hydrogels have gained attention in the bioelectronics field due to their unique combination of biocompatibility and customizable mechanical properties. However, achieving both excellent conductivity and mechanical strength in a hydrogel remains a significant challenge, primarily because of the inherent conflict between the hydrophobic nature of conducting polymers and the hydrophilic characteristics of hydrogels. To address this issue, this work proposes a simple one‐step acid‐induced approach that not only promotes the gelation of hydrophilic polymers but also facilitates the in situ phase separation of hydrophobic conducting polymers under mild conditions. This results in a distinctive bi‐continuous phase structure with exceptional electrical property (906 mS cm−1) and mechanical performance (fracture strain of 1103%). The hydrogel forms robust percolating networks that maintain structural integrity under mechanical stress due to their entropic elasticity, providing remarkable strain insensitivity, low mechanical hysteresis, and an impressive resilience (95%). Electrodes fabricated from the conductive hydrogel exhibit stable and minimal interfacial contact impedance with skin (1–6 kilohms at 1–100 Hz) and significantly lower noise power (4.9 µV2). This work believes that the motion‐insensitive characteristics and mechanical robustness of this hydrogel will enable efficient and reliable monitoring of biological signals, establishing a new benchmark in the bioelectronics.
Giant Ultrabroadband Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Engendered by Two‐Photon Absorption in α‐In2Se3 for Chiral Terahertz Wave Generation
Authors: Lei Zhen , Xi Yayan , Shi Mingjian , Xu Guorong , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Xinlong
Published: December 2024

Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) can break the Shockley–Queisser limit by leveraging the inherent asymmetry of crystal lattice without a junction. However, this effect is mainly confined to UV–vis spectrum due to the wide‐bandgap nature of traditional ferroelectric materials, thereby limiting the exploration of the infrared light‐driven efficient BPVE. Herein, giant two‐photon absorption (TPA) driven BPVE is uncovered from visible to infrared in ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 utilizing wavelength‐tunable terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Remarkably, α‐In2Se3 exhibits exceptional THz emission efficiency in the infrared region, surpassing renowned THz emitters like p‐InAs and achieving an efficiency approximately eight times the magnitude of standard ZnTe. The power exponent‐type pump fluence and quadruple polarization features reveal a unique TPA‐driven BPVE, corroborated by a fourth‐order nonlinear oscillator model. Notably, TPA‐engendered BPVE efficiency approaches 68% of that observed in the single‐photon absorption process. Moreover, the TPA responses display clear polarization anisotropy, with considerably relative phase and amplitude driven by synchronous in‐plane and out‐of‐plane polarization, leading to chiral THz waves with high efficiency, tunable orientation, and controllable ellipticity. This work highlights the advantages of TPA‐induced BPVE responses in narrow‐bandgap ferroelectric semiconductors, enhancing spectral utilization efficiency, aiding high‐performance devices based on BPVE, and guiding chiral THz wave design.
JUNB O‐GlcNAcylation‐Mediated Promoter Accessibility of Metabolic Genes Modulates Distinct Epithelial Lineage in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Bammert Marie‐Therese , Ansari Meshal , Haag Leoni , Ahmad Zuhdi , Schröder Victoria , Birch Joseph , Santacruz Diana , Rust Werner , Viollet Coralie , Strobel Benjamin , Dick Alec , Gantner Florian , Schlüter Holger , Ramirez Fidel , Lizé Muriel , Thomas Matthew J. , Le Huy Q.
Published: December 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with substantial unmet medical needs. While aberrant epithelial remodeling is a key factor in IPF progression, the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain elusive. Harnessing a 3D patient‐derived organoid model and multi‐omics approach, the first inventory of the connection between metabolic alteration, chromatin accessibility, and transcriptional regulation in IPF aberrant epithelial remodeling is provided. This remodeling is characterized by an increase in chromatin accessibility, particularly at JUNB motif‐enriched promoter regions proximal to transcription start sites of metabolic and pro‐fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, JUNB undergoes O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine modification (O‐GlcNAcylation), a critical step in modulating pro‐fibrotic responses to chronic injury. This modification is pivotal in fostering the emergence of aberrant epithelial basal cells in the alveolar niche, a proposed driver of IPF pathology. Specific deletion of O‐GlcNAcylation sites on JUNB attenuates the metaplastic differentiation of basal cells, thereby aiding in the restoration of the alveolar lineage. Together, the findings reveal a novel link between metabolic dysregulation and cell fate regulation at the chromatin level in fibrosis, mediated by the O‐GlcNAc‐JUNB axis, suggesting avenues for the development of new therapeutic strategies in IPF.
Physical One‐Way Functions for Decentralized Consensus Via Proof of Physical Work
Authors: Winkler Marvin , Peither Catharina , Petrick Simon , Seidemann Lothar , Jelich Holger , Kleine Jäger Frank , Müller‐Quade Jörn , Colsmann Alexander , Nirschl Hermann , Rhein Frank
Published: December 2024

Decentralized consensus on the state of the Bitcoin blockchain is ensured by proof of work. It relies on digital one‐way functions and is associated with an enormous environmental impact. This paper conceptualizes a physical one‐way function that aims to transform a digital, electricity‐consuming consensus mechanism into a physical process. Boundary conditions for the security requirements are established and discussed as well as experimentally investigated for a specific setup based on printing and optical analysis of pigment‐carrier composites. In the context of the applied methods, this setup promises to be mathematically unclonable, steady, reproducible, collision resistant and non‐invertible and illustrates the feasibility of a physical one‐way function. Based on this, a framework for proof of physical work is conceptualized, which has the potential of a drastically lower CO2 footprint. This work initiates a progressive, interdisciplinary field of research and demands further investigations with regards to alternative setups, security definitions and strategies for challenging them.
Body Surface Potential Mapping: A Perspective on High‐Density Cutaneous Electrophysiology
Authors: Ruiz‐Mateos Serrano Ruben , Farina Dario , Malliaras George G.
Published: December 2024

The electrophysiological signals recorded by cutaneous electrodes, known as body surface potentials (BSPs), are widely employed biomarkers in medical diagnosis. Despite their widespread application and success in detecting various conditions, the poor spatial resolution of traditional BSP measurements poses a limit to their diagnostic potential. Advancements in the field of bioelectronics have facilitated the creation of compact, high‐quality, high‐density recording arrays for cutaneous electrophysiology, allowing detailed spatial information acquisition as BSP maps (BSPMs). Currently, the design of electrode arrays for BSP mapping lacks a standardized framework, leading to customizations for each clinical study, limiting comparability, reproducibility, and transferability. This perspective proposes preliminary design guidelines, drawn from existing literature, rooted solely in the physical properties of electrophysiological signals and mathematical principles of signal processing. These guidelines aim to simplify and generalize the optimization process for electrode array design, fostering more effective and applicable clinical research. Moreover, the increased spatial information obtained from BSPMs introduces interpretation challenges. To mitigate this, two strategies are outlined: observational transformations that reconstruct signal sources for intuitive comprehension, and machine learning‐driven diagnostics. BSP mapping offers significant advantages in cutaneous electrophysiology with respect to classic electrophysiological recordings and is expected to expand into broader clinical domains in the future.
Wearable Temperature Sensor Enhanced Volatilomics Technique for Swift and Convenient Detection of Latrogenic Botulism
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Yan Yufei , Hu Chenyi , Wang Jing , Wang Jinlin , Yang Hao , Cui Daxiang , Xin Wenwen , Gao Shan , Jin Han
Published: December 2024

Accurately assessing potential side effects following botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, an innovative approach is developed that combines a wearable temperature sensor with a sophisticated volatilomics technique, aimed at facilitating the rapid and convenient prediction of potential physical discomfort related to latrogenic botulism. The investigation identifies five volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—acetone, styrene, ethanol, 2‐pentanone, and n‐butano—as promising markers indicative of BoNT poisoning. Specifically, a handheld breath analyzer, featuring a yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ)‐based gas sensor array, alongside a wearable temperature sensor integrated with a bio‐compatible methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) sensing film, are developed to simultaneously monitor breath signal variations and body temperature fluctuations. Preliminary animal testing validates the effectiveness of the integrated approach, achieving an accuracy exceeding 91.2% in early detection of physical discomfort associated with BoNT poisoning. These promising findings represent a significant advancement towards the early identification of BoNT‐related issues, enabling timely intervention and improved management strategies.
Ionic Thermoelectric‐Powered Resistive Sensors
Authors: Liao Mingna , Ma Hongting , Zhu Nan , Jonsson Magnus P. , Zhao Dan
Published: December 2024

Ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) are noted for their high ionic Seebeck coefficient (α) to convert thermal energy into electrical current through charging. This work demonstrates the utilization of the charging and discharging current from ITESCs to directly operate resistive sensors. The humidity monitoring is powered by applying a periodic temperature gradient to a connected ITESC. By leveraging these properties and residual environmental heat, ITESCs can offer a promising method for autonomously powered portable sensors.
General descriptors for glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid over PtM3‐derived bimetallic catalysts in base‐free medium
Authors: Yan Hao , Lu Jiarong , Li Yaqian , Feng Xiang , Zhou Xin , Zhao Hui , Yang Chaohe
Published: December 2024

Exploring efficient Pt‐based catalysts for the selective oxidation of polyol is still a challenge due to the lack of a mechanism‐driven approach. Here, low‐Pt content PdM3 were systematically investigated for glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid (GLYA) by density functional theory (DFT) linear synchronous transit and quadratic synchronous transit (LST/QST) assisted descriptor‐based micro‐kinetic modeling. Results revealed that the PdM3 surface induces the dissociation of O2 and H2O to form a polarized PdM3‐OH* surface, participating in the subsequent adsorption and activation of glycerol and oxygen‐containing intermediates. Moreover, the binding energy of O and H on the PdM3 could be labeled as descriptors describing catalytic selectivity and activity. On this basis, a strong electron reconstruction effect described by EO (−4.5 to −3.0 eV) and appropriate dehydrogenation ability described by EH (−3.5 to −2.5 eV) contribute to the improvement of catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of glycerol to GLYA. This study may give insights into the rational design of high‐efficient Pt‐based catalysts for polyol oxidation.
Skin‐Conformal Myography for Real‐Time Hand Tracking Using a Laser‐Induced Graphene Strain Sensor Array
Authors: Kammarchedu Vinay , AlSiyabi Monther , Ebrahimi Aida
Published: December 2024

Despite significant progress in developing wearable systems for hand tracking, most devices are still bulky, restrictive to the user or to the placement of the exoskeleton systems, and sensitive to skin preparation and impedance. In this work, we develop a wristband that integrates an array of 10 skin‐conformal strain sensors based on laser‐induced graphene, which is optimized for continuous measurement of skin strain. The device is characterized to identify several hand gestures and tasks while simultaneously using an optical camera‐based hand‐tracking system to estimate the joint locations for ground truth generation. Machine learning models are developed to predict gestures as well as specific hand joint angles with high accuracy of >90% and >95%, respectively. The findings show that the sensors placed closer to actuation‐specific anatomical features contribute more toward the high accuracy. The sensor array is also integrated with a wearable readout system that wirelessly transmits the data in real time in order to control a robotic arm as a proof of concept for human–robot interaction applications. The developed skin‐conformal device is expected to find wide applications in rehabilitation, sports sciences, and human–computer interaction, paving the way for low‐profile prosthetic and orthotic control systems.
COL4A2‐Related Disorder Presenting in Adulthood With Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Olarewaju Bukola A. , Tejon Judy , Shurrab Shaymaa , Chen Alicia , Shamoun Fadi , Smith Benn E. , Osundiji Mayowa A.
Published: December 2024

The alpha 1 and 2 chains of type IV collagen, encoded by the COL4A1 (MIM 120130) and COL4A2 (MIM 120090) respectively, play essential roles in the vascular basement membranes. Pathogenic variants in COL4A1/ COL4A2 are associated with autosomal dominant cerebral angiopathies. The clinical manifestations of COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders include: aneurysms, intracerebral hemorrhage, polymicrogyria, porencephaly, heterotopia, periventricular leukomalacia, epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders. COL4A1 pathogenic variants that are in exons 24 and 25 have been associated with hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and cramps. The multisystemic phenotypes of COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders are increasingly being studied. Animal models have suggested that COL4A2‐related disorders may also manifest with a variable combination of multisystemic abnormalities affecting the eyes, muscles, and kidneys. Okano and colleagues recently reported a case of recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis in a 2‐year‐old with COL4A1‐related disorder raising fundamental questions on mechanisms of COL4A1/COL4A2 variants in muscle homeostasis. To date, rhabdomyolysis has not been associated with COL4A2‐related disorder in humans. Rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency, where there is elevated creatine kinase (CK) level in the blood and increased excretion of myoglobin in urine, due to skeletal muscle damage and release of intracytoplasmic proteins into systemic circulation. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition. It require intensive care management due to an increased risk of some life‐threatening complications [including disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, and severe hyperkalemia]. Herein, we report a case of rhabdomyolysis in an adult with COL4A2‐related structural brain malformations (including polymicrogyria and heterotopia).
Meta‐Analysis of Transcriptomic Studies of Blood and Six Brain Regions Identifies a Consensus of 15 Cross‐Tissue Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Suggests an Origin of Cross‐Study Heterogeneity
Authors: Hou Jiahui , Hess Jonathan L. , Zhang Chunling , van Rooij Jeroen G. J. , Hearn Gentry C. , Fan Chun Chieh , Faraone Stephen V. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Lin Shu‐Ju , Escott‐Price Valentina , Seshadri Sudha ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Holmans Peter , Tsuang Ming T. , Kremen William S. , Gaiteri Chris , Glatt Stephen J.
Published: December 2024

The comprehensive genome‐wide nature of transcriptome studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) should provide a reliable description of disease molecular states. However, the genes and molecular systems nominated by transcriptomic studies do not always overlap. Even when results do align, it is not clear if those observations represent true consensus across many studies. A couple of sources of variation have been proposed to explain this variability, including tissue‐of‐origin and cohort type, but its basis remains uncertain. To address this variability and extract reliable results, we utilized all publicly available blood or brain transcriptomic datasets of AD, comprised of 24 brain studies with 4007 samples from six different brain regions, and eight blood studies with 1566 samples. We identified a consensus of AD‐associated genes across brain regions and AD‐associated gene‐sets across blood and brain, generalizable machine learning and linear scoring classifiers, and significant contributors to biological diversity in AD datasets. While AD‐associated genes did not significantly overlap between blood and brain, our findings highlighted 15 dysregulated processes shared across blood and brain in AD. The top five most significantly dysregulated processes were DNA replication, metabolism of proteins, protein localization, cell cycle, and programmed cell death. Conversely, addressing the discord across studies, we found that large‐scale gene co‐regulation patterns can account for a significant fraction of variability in AD datasets. Overall, this study ranked and characterized a compilation of genes and molecular systems consistently identified across a large assembly of AD transcriptome studies in blood and brain, providing potential candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Entdeckung von Fragmenten durch Röntgenkristallografisches Screening, die auf die CTP‐Bindungsstelle von Pseudomonas Aeruginosa IspD Abzielen
Authors: Willocx Daan , D'Auria Lucia , Walsh Danica , Scherer Hugo , Alhayek Alaa , Hamed Mostafa M. , Borel Franck , Diamanti Eleonora , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: December 2024

Da die antimikrobielle Resistenz (AMR) ein alarmierendes Ausmaß erreicht hat, werden dringend neue Antiinfektiva mit bisher unbekannten Wirkmechanismen benötigt. Der 2‐C‐Methylerythritol‐D‐erythritol‐4‐phosphat (MEP)‐Weg stellt eine attraktive Quelle für Targets dar, da er in zahlreichen pathogenen gramnegativen Bakterien und Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, während er in menschlichen Zellen nicht vorhanden ist. Hier haben wir die erste Kristallstruktur von Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) IspD, dem dritten Enzym im MEP‐Weg, gelöst und berichten über die Entdeckung einer auf Fragmenten basierenden Verbindungsklasse, die durch kristallographisches Screening von PaIspD identifiziert wurde. Das Ausgangsfragment besetzt die CTP‐Bindungsstelle im aktiven Zentrum. Die Bestätigung der Fragment‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen erfolgte durch 1H‐Sättigungs‐Transfer‐Differenz‐Kernspinresonanz (1H‐STD NMR) Spektroskopie. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen und den Erkenntnissen aus den Co‐Kristallstrukturen identifizierten wir zwei Wachstumsvektoren für das Fragmentwachstum. Wir haben Derivate synthetisiert, die beide Wachstumsvektoren explorieren und eine verbesserte Affinität zu PaIspD aufweisen. Unsere neue Fragmentklasse zielt auf PaIspD ab, weist eine vielversprechende Affinität auf und bietet günstige Wachstumsvektoren für die weitere Optimierung.
Electrodriven ATP Synthesis via a Reconstructed Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Chang Lijing , Cui Huijuan , Liu Weisong , Job Zhang Yi‐Heng P. , Zhang Lingling
Published: December 2024

Nature produces ATP, the energy currency, by converting solar energy (photophosphorylation) and chemical energy (substrate‐level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation). Green electricity, as a significant and sustainable energy carrier, plays a crucial role in achieving a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we established and verified a novel electrodriven phosphorylation method. Spinach thylakoid membranes (TMs), enriched with ATPases, were isolated and constructed into planar TMs (pTMs) on a proton exchange membrane (PEM), effectively imparting the traditional PEM with the biological function of ATP regeneration. Following the optimization of TMs concentration and incubation time, the biological PEM was integrated into a two‐compartment electrochemical cell, where ATP was successfully synthesized by ATPase of pTMs, triggered by the proton gradient potential generated during electrochemical water splitting. When a constant voltage of 3 V was applied to the electrochemical cells, ATP was synthesized at a rate of 3.16 μM min−1μgChl−1, approximately twice the rate of ΔpH‐driven ATP synthesis. This design offers substantial potential for green energy applications in in vitro biotransformation (ivBT) systems.
Enhanced Antitumor Immunity of a Globo H‐Based Vaccine Enabled by the Combination Adjuvants of 3D‐MPL and QS‐21
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Xu Zhuojia , Teng Changcai , Cao Chang , Wu Ruixue , Meng Xiao , Sui Qiang , Gao Qi , Zong Chengli , Li Tiehai
Published: December 2024

Globo H, a specific carbohydrate antigen overexpressed on various human malignancies, has attracted considerable interest as an antigenic target for anticancer vaccine development. Despite several Globo H‐based carbohydrate vaccines that have been designed, efficient access to Globo H hexasaccharide antigen and development of powerful adjuvants for enhancing antitumor immunity remain challenging. Herein, we reported a streamlined chemoenzymatic approach to prepare this hexasaccharide antigen, relying on chemical synthesis of Gb5 pentasaccharide by a stereoconvergent [2+3] strategy and subsequent enzymatic α‐fucosylation to easily install α1,2‐fucose residue. Separately, a modular assembly approach to efficiently synthesize 3‐O‐deacyl‐monophosphoryl lipid A (3D‐MPL) was developed by the integration of stereocontrolled glycosylation, regioselective acylation, site‐specific phosphorylation, and facile global deprotection. After efficient construction of Globo H‐CRM197 conjugate, we conducted systematic immunological evaluations of Globo H‐CRM197 formulated with various adjuvants and adjuvant combinations, comprising saponin QS‐21, synthetic 3D‐MPL and α‐galactosylceramide derivative S34. The results revealed that Globo H‐CRM197 conjugate adjuvanted with QS‐21 and 3D‐MPL elicited robust IgG2a and IgG3 antibody responses and Th1 cellular immunity in mice. Moreover, antibodies induced by this formulation effectively bound to Globo H‐positive MCF‐7 cancer cells and exhibited superior complement‐dependent cytotoxicity and antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis, holding promise for further development of effective anticancer vaccines.
Ultrahigh Proton Selectivity by Assembled Cationic Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Liu Xin , Lin Weibin , Bader Al Mohawes Khozama , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: December 2024

Ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are becoming increasingly attractive as promising two‐dimensional (2D) materials for proton transport due to their ionic functionality and tailor‐made pores. However, most synthetic methods for nanosheets rely on surface‐assisted methods or phase transformation often yielding nanosheets with low aspect ratios. In this study, we present a bottom‐up approach utilizing an oil‐oil‐water triphase system to achieve the large‐scale synthesis of ionic COF nanosheets. The intermediate oil layer in this system modulates the diffusion rate of monomers from the top oil phase into the aqueous phase, enabling in‐plane anisotropic secondary growth from the initial discrete fibrous structure into large and crystalline COF nanosheets. The ionic COF nanosheets exhibit excellent proton permeability while simultaneously excluding other cations by casting into crack‐free membranes, demonstrating efficient HCl extraction from acidic water waste. This strategy for larger‐scale COF nanosheet growth will offer an alternative platform for designing multifunctional COF membranes with applications in sophisticated separation technologies.
Decoupling H2 and O2 Release in Particulate Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Using a Reversible O2 Binder
Authors: Liu Dan , Xu Huihui , Shen Jinni , Wang Xun , Qiu Chengwei , Lin Huaxiang , Long Jinlin , Wang Ying , Dai Wenxin , Fang Yuanxing , Yang Yanhui , Wang Xuxu , Fu Xianzhi , Zhang Zizhong
Published: December 2024

H2 and O2 evolutions occur simultaneously for conventional particulate photocatalytic overall water splitting (PPOWS), leading to a significant backward reaction and the formation of an explosive H2/O2 gas mixture. This is an issue that must be addressed prior to industrialization of PPOWS. Here, a convenient, cost‐effective, and scalable concept is introduced to uncouple hydrogen and oxygen production for PPOWS. Based on this idea, a three‐component photocatalyst, Co(5 %)‐HPCN/(rGO/Pt), is constructed, consisting of a photoresponsive chip (HPCN), a H2 evolution cocatalyst (rGO/Pt), and a cobalt complex capable of reversibly binding O2 (Co), to achieve the decoupling of PPOWS under alternating UV and visible light irradiations. The asynchronous O2 and H2 evolution strategy have considerable flexibility regarding the photocatalyst structure and light sources suitable for PPOWS.
Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence by Knocking Out Gold Active Sites
Authors: Leka Kottaiveedu Sivakumar Indhu , Bouffier Laurent , Sojic Neso , Senthil Kumar Shanmugam
Published: December 2024

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the conventional system of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophore and amine‐based coreactants is particularly inefficient on noble metal electrodes. This is due to the formation of a passivating oxide layer on the metal surface inhibiting the electro‐oxidation of amines like tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) coreactant. Herein, we demonstrated the enhancement of ECL emission on gold surface by hydroxyl radicals attack that are chemically generated with Cu‐Fenton reagent. These radicals selectively deactivate the gold active sites and knockout the metal surface asperities that counterintuitively led to an amplification of the ECL emission. Atomic force microscopy shows a massive smoothening of the surface. The electrochemical characterization proves that the involved ECL reaction mechanism switches from direct oxidation to catalytic route, where the kinetics of indirect TPrA oxidation is facilitated on deactivated gold surface. Besides, in situ smoothening of a rough electrode in presence of tandem [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA enables Cu2+ sensing with good reliability and limit of detection. Such atomically smoothened and corrosion‐resistant gold surface readily tuned the ECL reactivity and opened new directions on influence of topography and reactivity on ECL mechanisms, thus will be extremely useful for the future development of ECL imaging strategies and highly sensitive ECL sensors.
Optimizing s–p Orbital Overlap Between Sodium Polysulfides and Single‐Atom Indium Catalyst for Efficient Sulfur Redox Reaction
Authors: Wu Guangxuan , Liu Tongfeng , Lao Zhoujie , Cheng Yihao , Wang Tianshuai , Mao Jing , Zhang Haichang , Liu Enzuo , Shi Chunsheng , Zhou Guangmin , He Chunnian , Hu Wenbin , Zhao Naiqin , Wu Ningning , Chen Biao
Published: December 2024

P‐block metal carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (C‐SACs) have emerged as a promising candidate for high‐performance room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na−S) batteries, due to their high atom utilization and unique electronic structure. However, the ambiguous electronic‐level understanding of Na‐dominant s‐p hybridization between sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) and p‐block C‐SACs limits the precise control of coordination environment tuning and electro‐catalytic activity manipulation. Here, s‐p orbital overlap degree (OOD) between the s orbitals of Na in NaPSs and the p orbitals of p‐block C‐SACs is proposed as a descriptor for sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) and sulfur oxidation reaction (SOR). Compared to NG and NG‐supported InN4 (NG‐InN4) SACs, the nitrogen‐doped graphene‐supported InN5 (NG‐InN5) SACs show the largest s‐p OOD, demonstrating the weakest shuttle effect and the lowest reaction energy barriers in both SRR and SOR. Accordingly, the designed catalysts allow the Na−S pouch batteries to retain a high capacity of 490.7 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 96 % at a low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 4.5 μl mg−1. This work offers an s‐p orbital overlap descriptor describing the interaction between NaPSs and p‐orbital‐dominated catalysts for high‐performance RT Na−S batteries.
Structural and Electrical Characterization of Cs2SnBr6: Insights From Raman Spectroscopy and Conductivity Under Varying Light Conditions
Authors: Bouzidi Mohamed , Alatawi Abdullah A. , Jebnouni Achref , Teka Safa , Osman Sayda , Mohamed Nuzaiha , Soury Raoudha , Bechir Mohamed Ben
Published: December 2024

Lead‐free tin halide perovskites, particularly Cs2SnBr6, are gaining significant attention for their potential in optoelectronic applications. In this study, we investigate the material's electrical and vibrational properties under varying illumination conditions, providing novel insights into the impact of light on its conduction mechanisms. Cs2SnBr6 was synthesized via liquid‐phase and solid‐state reactions, and we report comprehensive analyses of its impedance, AC conductivity, and dielectric properties over a wide frequency range. Notably, our results reveal that light‐induced photogenerated charge carriers enhance conductivity, which is well explained by the overlapping large‐polaron tunneling (OLPT) model, while in darkness, the material follows the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy highlights structural changes, including a slight shortening of Sn–Br bond distances under illumination, which influences the vibrational frequencies and intensities. These findings emphasize the crucial role of illumination in tuning the electrical and dielectric responses of Cs2SnBr6, thus demonstrating its considerable promise for future optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells and photodetectors.
Cross‐Phenotype Genome‐Wide Association Study Supports Shared Genetic Susceptibility to Systemic Sclerosis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Luo Yiming , Khan Atlas , Liu Lili , Lee Cue Hyunkyu , Perreault Gabriel J , Pomenti Sydney F , Gourh Pravitt , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Bernstein Elana J
Published: December 2024

Objective

An increased risk of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has been reported in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our study aims to investigate the shared genetic susceptibility between the two disorders and to define candidate causal genes using cross‐phenotype GWAS meta‐analysis.

Methods

We performed cross‐phenotype GWAS meta‐analysis and Bayesian colocalization analysis for SSc and PBC. We performed both genome‐wide and locus‐based analysis, including tissue and pathway enrichment analyses, fine‐mapping, Bayesian colocalization analyses with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) datasets, and phenome‐wide association studies (PheWAS). Finally, we used an integrative approach to prioritize candidate causal genes from the novel loci.

Results

We detected a strong genetic correlation between SSc and PBC (rg = 0.84, p = 1.7 x 10‐6). In the cross‐phenotype GWAS meta‐analysis, we identified 44 non‐HLA loci that reached genome‐wide significance (p < 5 x 10‐8). Evidence of shared causal variants between SSc and PBC was found for nine loci, five of which were novel. Integrating multiple sources of evidence, we prioritized CD40, ERAP1, PLD4, SPPL3, and CCDC113 as novel candidate causal genes. The CD40 risk locus colocalized with trans‐pQTLs of multiple plasma proteins involved in B cell function.

Conclusion

Our study supports a strong shared genetic susceptibility between SSc and PBC. Through cross‐phenotype analyses, we have prioritized several novel candidate causal genes and pathways for these disorders.
Altered category learning and reduced generalization in autistic adults
Authors: Van Overwalle Jaana , Van der Donck Stephanie , Geusens Birte , Boets Bart , Wagemans Johan
Published: December 2024

Individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) are suggested to experience difficulties with categorization and generalization. However, empirical studies have mainly focused on one process at a time, and neglected underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we investigated categorization and generalization at a behavioral and neural level in 38 autistic and 38 neurotypical (NT) adults. By presenting shapes sampled from an artificial multidimensional stimulus space, we investigated (1) behavioral and neural underpinnings of category learning and (2) behavioral generalization of trained categorization to both an extended version of the stimulus space and a novel stimulus space. Our previous findings showed that individuals with autism were slower in category learning. In this study, we demonstrate that this slower learning in autism was not related to differences in applied categorization strategy. In contrast, electroencephalography recordings during training did reveal a reduced amplitude of the N1 component in the right occipital temporal cortex after stimulus presentation in autistic participants, which suggests atypical categorical proficiency. In addition, we observed delayed and higher activation in the frontal regions after receiving (negative) feedback in the autistic group, potentially suggesting more explicit feedback processing or a higher salience of prediction errors in autism. Finally, autistic and NT individuals were able to generalize their learned categorization after training. However, when generalizing to a novel set of shapes, autistic individuals were significantly less accurate. Reduced generalization significantly correlated with increased intolerance to uncertainty scores. This multi‐level approach reveals behavioral and neural differences in learning and generalization that could be related to clinical symptoms in autism.
Exploring congenital sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency in autism spectrum disorder patients with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: A prospective SI gene sequencing study
Authors: Zubarioglu Tanyel , Ulgen Dilara , Akca‐Yesil Sedanur , Akbulut Selin , Onay Huseyin , Uzunyayla‐Inci Gozde , Beser Omer Faruk , Hatemi Ali İbrahim , Aktuğlu‐Zeybek Çiğdem , Kiykim Ertuğrul
Published: December 2024

Congenital sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an inherited metabolic disorder causing chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition when untreated. Most CSID patients are likely to remain under‐ or misdiagnosed. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of CSID among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presenting with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms via prospective SI gene sequencing. A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on 98 ASD patients exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with IBS. Participants were assessed according to Rome IV criteria and underwent SI gene sequencing. Demographic, clinical, and dietary data were collected and analyzed. Sucrose content in various fruits and vegetables was evaluated using three‐day food record, and gastrointestinal symptoms were rated on Likert scale. Seven patients (7%) were diagnosed with CSID based on SI gene analysis, revealing six different variants, including four novel mutations. One patient was homozygous for one variant, and six patients were heterozygous. Clinical presentations predominantly included diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating, with two patients showing growth retardation. One patient was diagnosed in adulthood. Food allergy and lactose intolerance were the misdiagnoses prior to CSID diagnosis in two patients. Real prevalence of CSID is likely underestimated. Clinical heterogeneity and non‐specific symptoms contribute to diagnostic challenges. Gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with IBS in ASD patients should include CSID in differential diagnosis. Early genetic screening for SI variants in ASD patients with IBS symptoms can facilitate timely diagnosis and management, improving outcomes. Heterozygous variants of the SI gene should also be considered, as heterozygous patients can exhibit typical CSID symptoms.
Strategie für nachhaltige Planung im Ingenieurbüro Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner
Authors: Nübler Stefan , Mansperger Tobias , Falk Korbinian , Jünger Dorothea
Published: December 2024

Nachhaltigkeit spielt eine zentrale Rolle im Ingenieurbüro Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner. Die Leitlinien umfassen den Erhalt von Bausubstanz, die Wiederverwendung von Bauteilen, die Nutzung recycelter Baustoffe und die Reduzierung von Baumaterialien. Diese Ansätze werden in verschiedenen Projekten sowohl im Hochbau als auch im Brückenbau erfolgreich umgesetzt. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Sanierung und Ertüchtigung zur Erhaltung bestehender Bauwerke, um die Lebensdauer zu verlängern und Ressourcen zu schonen. Darüber hinaus werden effiziente Neubauten, bei denen innovative Materialien und Techniken zum Einsatz kommen, realisiert, um den ökologischen Fußabdruck zu minimieren. Hierfür werden Projekte im Hochbau und Brückenbau vorgestellt, bei denen Bauwerke erhalten, Bauteile wiederverwendet oder recycelte Baustoffe eingesetzt wurden, sowie Neubauprojekte, die durch eine reduzierte Materialverwendung, den Einsatz nachhaltiger Materialien und schonender Montagetechnologien überzeugen. Diese Maßnahmen unterstreichen den Anspruch von LAP an nachhaltiges Bauen und zeigen, dass ökonomische Effizienz und ökologische Verantwortung im Ingenieurbau Hand in Hand gehen können.
Will China's Carbon Emission Trading Regulation Really Decrease the Green Investment of Firms? A Microperspective on Corporate Governance
Authors: Li Tingting , Meng Xiangrui , Wang Liukai , Gong Yu
Published: December 2024

Although China initiated pilot carbon emission trading (CET) regulations in 2014, systematic research specifically examining their impact on corporate green investment expenditure (GIE) and the underlying mechanisms from an internal and external perspective remains limited. To this end, we conducted a quasinatural experiment to investigate how CET regulations affect the GIE of firms in eight high‐emission industries. Using a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach and propensity score matching (PSM‐DID) on 4117 year‐firm observations of listed A‐share firms located in China's covered areas from 2010 to 2019, we found that CET regulations have a negative impact on firms' GIE. Further, from the microperspective of internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance, we also find negative moderators of corporate innovation capability and carbon trading market efficiency, respectively. The detailed heterogeneity impacts of the CET policy on the GIE of CET‐covered firms in different regions, industries, and ownership types are illustrated. This study systematically analyzes the impact of CET policy on GIE in high‐emission industries in China, focusing on the internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance. By doing so, it contributes to the literature in environmental economics and corporate green investment, offering new insights into the effects of regulatory policies on corporate behavior in high‐emission sectors. Enterprises should properly deal with the relationship between carbon emission quotas and green investment to realize a virtuous cycle of reasonable GIE and carbon emission reduction targets and ultimately achieve a win–win situation for both the economy and the environment.
Synthetic and Pharmacological Activities of Alantolactone and Its Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Jianjun , Zhu Kai , Li Na , Xing Lin , Sheng Ruilong , Shen Yong , Guo Ruihua
Published: December 2024

Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae). Alantolactone is known as its wide spectrum of biological effects, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities; anti‐inflammatory activities; and antiproliferative effects on several cancer cell lines. Thus, it has received extensive attention, causing in‐depth research in medicinal chemistry, and numerous undescribed alantolactone derivatives have been synthesized through different strategies. Herein, recent advances in diverse bioactivities and mechanism of alantolactone, including its derivatives, were summarized.
Bilateral Cystic Endosalpingiosis in Cervical Lymph Nodes Mimicking Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Morphologically on Cytology: A Case Report and Literature Review of Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Davaro Elizabeth , Rohra Prih , Kundu Uma , Gan Qiong
Published: December 2024

The presence of cystic lymph nodes in the neck can present a challenging differential diagnosis, with considerations often including metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), cystic squamous cell carcinoma, and congenital cysts. The cytologic overlap between benign Müllerian inclusions and PTC features adds complexity, especially in unusual locations. A 45‐year‐old woman with a history of ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT) and non‐invasive Müllerian implants presented with cystic lymphadenopathy in the neck. Imaging revealed multiple suspicious, partially cystic lymph nodes. Fine‐needle aspirations (FNA) from two nodes showed moderate cellularity, monolayered epithelial sheets, and nuclear features suggestive of PTC. FNA cytology, thyroglobulin level, and immunocytochemical profile revealed benign Müllerian cells within lymph nodes. Subsequent histologic evaluation of the excised lymph nodes confirmed cystic endosalpingiosis. This case emphasizes the value of comprehensive clinical‐pathologic correlation and appropriate ancillary studies in the evaluation of cystic lymphadenopathy. Awareness of benign Müllerian inclusions and their mimicry of metastatic disease is essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.
Handling of the Bivalve Pinna nobilis, Endangered and Pathogen‐Affected Species, for Controlled Reproduction: Precautions Taken
Authors: Ferranti Maria Paola , Azzena Ilenia , Batistini Edoardo , Caracciolo Daniela , Casu Marco , Chiantore Mariachiara , Ciriaco Saul , Firpo Valerio , Intini Luca , Locci Chiara , Montefalcone Monica , Oprandi Alice , Sanna Daria , Scarpa Fabio , Segarich Marco
Published: December 2024

Following the increased mass mortality of Pinna nobilis populations in the Mediterranean, reliable protocols for the transport, maintenance, and controlled reproduction of this highly endangered species were drawn up within the European Life Pinna project. To test these protocols, the large Pinnidae Atrina fragilis, which shares similar habits to P. nobilis, has been used. In December 2022, a transport trial of nine specimens of A. fragilis from Trieste (NE Italy) to Camogli (NW Italy) was carried out. Two positioning (vertical and horizontal) of the specimens were tested inside the transport box. In the laboratory, after acclimatization, the specimens were placed inside three tanks and fed three times a week with a mix of live microalgae and artificial feed. The transport and maintenance protocols tested on A. fragilis were then applied to 11 P. nobilis collected in the Venice lagoon (NE Italy) and transported to the laboratory in June 2023. Due to the possible infection with Haplosporidium pinnae, considered one of the main etiological agents of mass mortality, P. nobilis individuals were evaluated through molecular analyses during their stay in the tank. Furthermore, these specimens were used as breeders: They spontaneously released already fertilized eggs, as a consequence of transport stress. Rapid larval development stopped at the early veliger stage, and the larvae were fed three times a week with a mixture of microalgae. After the reproduction period, the four specimens that survived 6 months in the laboratory, and constantly tested negative for H. pinnae, were transplanted to the Capo Mortola Marine Protected Area (Liguria, Italy) and monitored monthly.
Obesity, Metabolic Health, and Diabetic Complications in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mao Yuanjie , Gau Jen‐Tzer , Jiang Ning
Published: December 2024

Aim

The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has not been studied in type 1 diabetes (T1D). By analysing datasets from the DCCT/EDIC study, we compared the development of diabetic complications by obesity and metabolic health over 30 years of follow up.

Materials and Methods

Insulin resistance was calculated by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). The participants (n = 1127) were then divided into four groups based on time‐weighted mean body mass index and mean eGDR: metabolically healthy non‐obesity (MHN, n = 874), metabolically unhealthy non‐obesity (MUN, n = 66), MHO (n = 146) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 41). Diabetic complications and cardiovascular events were compared across the four groups.

Results

MUO and MUN groups had significantly higher risk for peripheral neuropathy (p = 0.001 in MUO and p < 0.001 in MUN vs. MHN), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.001 in both MUO and MUN vs. MHN), retinopathy (p = 0.001 in MUO and p < 0.001 in MUN vs. MHN) and microalbuminuria (p < 0.001 in both MUO and MUN vs. MHN) than MHN group. Moreover, MUO and MUN groups had significantly higher risks (HR [95%CI]) in any cardiovascular events (2.78 [1.51–5.11] and 1.88 [1.05–3.36]) and major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (2.72 [1.16–6.37] and 2.31 [1.05–5.10]) compared to MHN group. However, the risk of these complications and cardiovascular events (except peripheral neuropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy) in MHO group was not different from that in MHN group.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of metabolic health represented by insulin resistance in the development of diabetic complications and cardiovascular events in T1D beyond their weight status.