bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-level risk assessment of structure vulnerability to WUI fire conditions in the 2017 Tubbs Fire
Authors: Hakes Raquel S.P. , Theodori Maria , Lautenberger Chris , Qian Linda , Gollner Michael J.
Published: October 2022

This study presents a risk analysis for structures in the wildland-urban interface using fragility curves. Reconstruction modelling using the model ELMFIRE is conducted to reproduce exposure conditions for the 2017 Northern California Tubbs Fire as a case study. The reconstruction simulates the distribution of embers, expanding the ability of fire reconstruction to represent conditions during the fire event which are not represented by the flaming fire front. Results from the Tubbs Fire simulation are used to provide exposure conditions to investigate the relationship between exposure conditions, structure and community characteristics, and the damage sustained by a structure in the fire event. A methodology using fragility curves to estimate the probability of destruction, used for risk analysis in other disaster fields, is modified and developed here for application to wildland-urban interface fires. Results of the fragility analysis find that increased ember exposure increases the likelihood of damage or destruction. Relatively low levels of ember exposure still result in relatively high likelihoods of destruction, highlighting the importance of ember spread. Current models cannot simulate structure-to-structure fire spread; additional limitations are highlighted for future work.
Evaluation of the flammability of forest species for fire management in wildland urban interface areas of Brazil
Authors: Batista Antonio Carlos , Biondi Daniela
Published: October 2022

Classification of forest fuels according to their flammability is an essential component of fire risk assessment in the context of forest fire management planning. Surveys on the flammability of forest fuels are useful for fire management because they provide information on the reaction of individual fuels in heating a fire, make it possible to classify different plant species within an ecosystem in terms of fire hazard, and help with selection of suitable species to reduce the danger of fires in reforestation. The flammability characteristics of vegetation have been fundamental in recent methodologies for risk assessment of forest fires in several regions of the world. In addition, knowledge of how species differ in their flammability characteristics is necessary to draw up lists of recommended plants for urban and residential afforestation in wildland urban interface areas. In Brazil, there are no methodologies for classifying tree and shrub species according to the flammability characteristics of the vegetation. The choice of these species is made empirically, considering only the local experiences of vegetation specialists. This research aimed to consolidate in the country a methodology that has been adopted in several countries to characterize plant species according to the degree of flammability, facilitating the use of these species in protection activities against forest fires. The general objective of this research was to evaluate the flammability of native and exotic forest species from forest fragments and wildland urban interfaces (WUI) areas of Curitiba-PR and Gurupi-TO in Brazil, to support fire management planning in these environments. To achieve this objective, fifty-eight species were chosen from the fragment forests and wildland urban interfaces of Curitiba-PR and Gurupi-TO, Brazil, belonging to the southern and northern regions of Brazil, respectively, where forest activities are very important for the regional economy and to which fires cause significant damage. One of the analysis criteria for the selection of species were the morphological characteristics of the species. The selected species were submitted to flammability tests in the Forest Fire laboratories of the Federal University of ParanÃ¡ and of the Environmental Monitoring and Fire Management Center (CEMAF) of the Federal University of Tocantins (Gurupi-TO), following the methodology proposed by Valette (1990) and Petriccione (2006). The results indicated that of the analysed species, 19% had low flammability (IF = 0), and therefore, have potential for use in fire prevention activities at the wildland urban interfaces areas of the cities of Curitiba and Gurupi.
Flammability characteristics of typical garden species
Authors: Almeida Miguel , Modarres MohammadReza , Muñoz Juan Antonio , Ribeiro Luís Mário
Published: October 2022

The large fires of the recent years have caused tragic episodes that have led to the death of many hundreds of people and the loss of buildings of great social and economic value. Several of these impacts could have been avoided if the fuel management around buildings had been appropriate. Many studies on flammability are dedicated to wild fuels present in forest, shrublands or grasslands. However, the existing data on the vegetation typical of the surroundings closest to the constructions (e.g., gardens) is scarce. Besides being the fuels closest to the buildings, these are fuels that normally can be effectively managed by the building owners, i.e., their management is within the reach of the common citizens. The aim of this work was to characterize the flammability parameters for several typical garden species in the Mediterranean Basin. An extensive experimental program was carried out to characterize individual plants of the following species: XXX. The parameters analyzed and that are presented are: flame dimensions, heat flux, fire intensity, XXX. This study has two main objectives: 1) provide data that allows fire behavior modelling in the proximity of dwelling houses; and 2) the determination of the safety distance which the species analyzed must keep from buildings in order to prevent their ignition. Some of the tests performed showed that the presence of some species in the proximity of buildings (not attached) can be beneficial due to their low inflammability and because they can constitute an obstacle to the passage of firebrands, which can ignite the construction.
Investigation of firebrand production from Douglas-Fir
Authors: Setti Gabriel , Cuevas Juan , Simeoni Albert , Hadden Rory
Published: October 2022

Firebrands are one of the leading mechanisms of spread during wildfire and WUI fires, where hot firebrands can be transported on several kilometres ahead of the fire front, potentially creating new fires. Thus, a better understanding of the parameters affecting firebrand generation and characteristics is mandatory to develop better simulation models and to predict the â€œfirebrand potentialâ€ of different species. The goal of this study is to create a test procedure to efficiently characterize the firebrand generation and to analyse the reproducibility and the relevance of the results. The experiments were conducted inside a 11m-long wind tunnel with 2 variable speed fans. Trunks and branches from Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) samples were dried and tested separately using a 30cm by 30cm propane burner under wind velocities that ranged from 0.4 m/s to 2.0 m/s. For each experiment, the firebrands generated were collected using water filled pans with fine meshes inside. The mass distribution of the firebrands over the test section was measured using a load cell. It was observed that the heaviest firebrands are only reaching the pans next to the tree. Moreover, these pans contained the majority of firebrands produced during the experiments. Thus, it appears that at low wind velocity (0.4 m/s), the wind is not strong enough to propagate the firebrands on a large area.
Capability Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: October 2022

The Commonwealth Secretariat’s Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Unit works with member countries to develop, define and understand the phenomenon of violent extremism as it relates totheir specific context, and then to strategise, plan and act accordingly.The CVE Unit believes in a ‘whole-of-society approach’ to effectively prevent and counter violent extremism and, since 2017, the CVE Unit has maintained a good working relationship with members of the Trinidad and Tobago Muslim and non-Muslim communities.As a continuation of this work, the CVE Unit has commissioned the development of this CapabilityAssessment Toolkit (CAT) to support departments of the Government of the Republic of Trinidadand Tobago to prepare Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs) for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE) activity.
The development of social care work in Germany and the US: theorising the result of cultural understandings and policy responses to concepts of ‘individualism’ during the nineteenth century
Authors: O’Neil Kara
Published: October 2022

The now-emerging development of social pedagogy in the US continues to benefit greatly from better understanding how social pedagogy has evolved as a profession in countries where it is well established, such as Germany. The necessity for a unified definition of ‘social pedagogy’ appears to be desired increasingly by countries around the world in regard to social pedagogical theories and methods. Building such a definition requires an understanding of the development of the practices inherent in social care work as a whole, from which social pedagogy has emerged. This article proposes that the praxis and philosophies which formed social care work in Germany and the US, and which remains as Sozialpädagogische Arbeit (social pedagogical work) in Germany, had at one time in history experienced similar and complementary growth in the US. The article also explores concepts of ‘individualism’ as one area in which said philosophies began to diverge.
Classification of Different Shoulder Girdle Motions for Prosthesis Control Using a Time-Domain Feature Extraction Technique
Authors: Radha Huda M. , Abdul Hassan Alia K. , H. Al-Timemy Ali
Published: October 2022

Abstract—The upper limb amputation exerts a significant burden on the amputee, limiting their ability to perform everyday activities, and degrading their quality of life. Amputee patients’ quality of life can be improved if they have natural control over their prosthetic hands. Among the biological signals, most commonly used to predict upper limb motor intentions, surface electromyography (sEMG), and axial acceleration sensor signals are essential components of shoulder-level upper limb prosthetic hand control systems. In this work, a pattern recognition system is proposed to create a plan for categorizing high-level upper limb prostheses in seven various types of shoulder girdle motions. Thus, combining seven feature groups, which are root mean square, four-order autoregressive, wavelength, slope sign change, zero crossing (ZC), mean absolute value, and cardinality. In this article, the time-domain features were first extracted from the EMG and acceleration signals. Then, the spectral regression (SR) and principal component analysis dimensionality reduction methods are employed to identify the most salient features, which are then passed to the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. EMG and axial acceleration signal datasets from six intact-limbed and four amputee participants exhibited an average classification error of 15.68 % based on SR dimensionality reduction using the LDA classifier.
Photoplethysmography-Based Smart Devices for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sijerčić Adna , Tahirović Elnur
Published: October 2022

Atrial fibrillation is the most commonly experienced type of cardiac arrhythmia and is the most associated with substantial clinical occurrences and expenses. This arrhythmia often occurs in its “silent” asymptomatic form, revealed only after complications such as a stroke or congestive heart failure have transpired. New smart devices confer effective advantages in the detection of this heart arrhythmia, of which photoplethysmography-based smart devices have shown great potential, according to previous research. However, the solution becomes a problem as widespread use and high availability of various applications and smart devices may lead to substantial amounts of false and misleading recordings and information, causing unnecessary anxiety regarding arrhythmic occurrences diagnosed by the devices but not professionally confirmed. Thus, with most of the devices being photoplethysmography based for detection of atrial fibrillation, it is important to research devices studied up to this point to find the best smart device to detect the aforementioned arrhythmias.
Can Right Ventricular Branch Bypass Alleviate Right Ventricular Dysfunction?
Authors: Ali Sahin Mehmet , Yokuşoğlu Mehmet , Kuralay Erkan , Ozal Ertugrul
Published: October 2022

Background

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction after a coronary artery bypass grafting procedure is a challenge that adversely affects RV filling pressure and contraction. This study sought to determine whether additional bypass of an RV branch would lessen RV dysfunction.

Methods

Patients with severe right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients (n = 50) had a single distal bypass on the RCA. Group 2 patients (n = 50) had both distal RCA and additional bypass on the RV branch of the RCA. Right ventricular function was examined by echocardiogram by measuring transannular plane systolic excursion, fractional area change, tissue Doppler S-wave velocity, and inferior vena cava diameter.

Results

Transannular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change measurements rapidly decreased below the cutoff in both groups, but group 2 patient values reached normal limits at 90 days. Tissue Doppler S-wave velocity reached the normal limit in 7 days. Inotropic agents were required in 11 patients in group 1 and 2 patients in group 2 (P = .013). The mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 2.11 (1.12) days and 1.45 (0.71) days (P = .033), and the hospital stay was 7.32 (1.44) days and 6.22 (0.45) days in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .027).

Conclusion

The data in this study suggest that an additional graft on the RV branch of the RCA (eg, conus, marginal, any good runoff vessels on the RV) prevents severe RV dysfunction and allows for rapid recovery of RV dysfunction after off-pump coronary surgery.
Nonstationary Poiseuille flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with the shear rate-dependent viscosity
Authors: Panasenko Grigory , Pileckas Konstantin
Published: October 2022

A nonstationary Poiseuille flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with the shear rate dependent viscosity is considered. This problem is nonlinear and nonlocal in time and inverse to the nonlinear heat equation. The provided mathematical analysis includes the proof of the existence, uniqueness, regularity, and stability of the velocity and the pressure slope for a given flux carrier and of the exponential decay of the solution as the time variable goes to infinity for the exponentially decaying flux.
Report from the HarmoSter study: inter-laboratory comparison of LC-MS/MS measurements of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone
Authors: Fanelli Flaminia , Bruce Stephen , Cantù Marco , Temchenko Anastasia , Mezzullo Marco , Lindner Johanna M. , Peitzsch Mirko , Binz Pierre-Alain , Ackermans Mariette T. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Van den Ouweland Jody , Koeppl Daniel , Nardi Elena , Rauh Manfred , Vogeser Michael , Eisenhofer Graeme , Pagotto Uberto
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) panels that include glucocorticoid-related steroids are increasingly used to characterize and diagnose adrenal cortical diseases. Limited information is currently available about reproducibility of these measurements among laboratories. The aim of the study was to compare LC-MS/MS measurements of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone at eight European centers and assess the performance after unification of calibration.

Methods

Seventy-eight patient samples and commercial calibrators were measured twice by laboratory-specific procedures. Results were obtained according to in-house and external calibration. We evaluated intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory imprecision, regression and agreement against performance specifications derived from 11-deoxycortisol biological variation.

Results

Intra-laboratory CVs ranged between 3.3 and 7.7%, 3.3 and 11.8% and 2.7 and 12.8% for corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone, with 1, 4 and 3 laboratories often exceeding the maximum allowable imprecision (MAI), respectively. Median inter-laboratory CVs were 10.0, 10.7 and 6.2%, with 38.5, 50.7 and 2.6% cases exceeding the MAI for corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone, respectively. Median laboratory bias vs. all laboratory-medians ranged from −5.6 to 12.3% for corticosterone, −14.6 to 12.4% for 11-deoxycortisol and −4.0 to 6.5% for cortisone, with few cases exceeding the total allowable error. Modest deviations were found in regression equations among most laboratories. External calibration did not improve 11-deoxycortisol and worsened corticosterone and cortisone inter-laboratory comparability.

Conclusions

Method imprecision was variable. Inter-laboratory performance was reasonably good. However, cases with imprecision and total error above the acceptable limits were apparent for corticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Variability did not depend on calibration but apparently on imprecision, accuracy and specificity of individual methods. Tools for improving selectivity and accuracy are required to improve harmonization.
Saliva – a new opportunity for fluid biopsy
Authors: Huang Zhijie , Yang Xiaoxia , Huang Yisheng , Tang Zhengming , Chen Yuanxin , Liu Hongyu , Huang Mingshu , Qing Ling , Li Li , Wang Qin , Jie Zhuye , Jin Xin , Jia Bo
Published: October 2022

Saliva is a complex biological fluid with a variety of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites and microbiota, which can be used for the screening and diagnosis of many diseases. In addition, saliva has the characteristics of simple collection, non-invasive and convenient storage, which gives it the potential to replace blood as a new main body of fluid biopsy, and it is an excellent biological diagnostic fluid. This review integrates recent studies and summarizes the research contents of salivaomics and the research progress of saliva in early diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. This review aims to explore the value and prospect of saliva diagnosis in clinical application.
A SIMEX approach for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies with attention to ROC curves
Authors: Guolo Annamaria , Pesantez Cabrera Tania Erika
Published: October 2022

Bivariate random-effects models represent an established approach for meta-analysis of accuracy measures of a diagnostic test, which are typically given by sensitivity and specificity. A recent formulation of the classical model describes the test accuracy in terms of study-specific Receiver Operating Characteristics curves. In this way, the resulting summary curve can be thought of as an average of the study-specific Receiver Operating Characteristics curves. Within this framework, the paper shows that the standard likelihood approach for inference is prone to several issues. Small sample size can give rise to unreliable conclusions and convergence problems deeply affect the analysis. The proposed alternative is a simulation-extrapolation method, called SIMEX, developed within the measurement error literature. It suits the meta-analysis framework, as the accuracy measures provided by the studies are estimates rather than true values, and thus are prone to error. The methods are compared in a series of simulation studies, covering different scenarios of interest, including deviations from normality assumptions. SIMEX reveals a satisfactory strategy, providing more accurate inferential results if compared to the likelihood approach, while avoiding convergence failure. The approaches are applied to a meta-analysis of the accuracy of the ultrasound exam for diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis in HIV-positive subjects.
Identifying HIV sequences that escape antibody neutralization using random forests and collaborative targeted learning
Authors: Jin Yutong , Benkeser David
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have indicated that it is possible to protect individuals from HIV infection using passive infusion of monoclonal antibodies. However, in order for monoclonal antibodies to confer robust protection, the antibodies must be capable of neutralizing many possible strains of the virus. This is particularly challenging in the context of a highly diverse pathogen like HIV. It is therefore of great interest to leverage existing observational data sources to discover antibodies that are able to neutralize HIV viruses via residues where existing antibodies show modest protection. Such information feeds directly into the clinical trial pipeline for monoclonal antibody therapies by providing information on (i) whether and to what extent combinations of antibodies can generate superior protection and (ii) strategies for analyzing past clinical trials to identify in vivo evidence of antibody resistance. These observational data include genetic features of many diverse HIV genetic sequences, as well as in vitro measures of antibody resistance. The statistical learning problem we are interested in is developing statistical methodology that can be used to analyze these data to identify important genetic features that are significantly associated with antibody resistance. This is a challenging problem owing to the high-dimensional and strongly correlated nature of the genetic sequence data. To overcome these challenges, we propose an outcome-adaptive, collaborative targeted minimum loss-based estimation approach using random forests. We demonstrate via simulation that the approach enjoys important statistical benefits over existing approaches in terms of bias, mean squared error, and type I error. We apply the approach to the Compile, Analyze, and Tally Nab Panels database to identify AA positions that are potentially causally related to resistance to neutralization by several different antibodies.
A systematic literature review on channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM system: performance analysis and future direction
Authors: Manasa B.M.R. , Venugopal P.
Published: October 2022

Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a familiar modern wireless broadband technology due to its resistance against multipath fading, high data transmission rate, and spectral efficiency. This technology delivers dependable communication as well as a large range of coverage. The precise recovery of Channel State Information (CSI) and synchronization among the receiver and transmitter are two major challenges for MIMO-OFDM systems. Several estimate procedures, like blind, pilot-aided, and semi-blind channel estimating, are used to recover channel state information. Yet, those systems have several flaws that cause them to perform poorly. Hence, this paper describes the basic introduction of the Channel Estimation (CE) process in the MIMO-OFDM system. The main goal of this survey is to study analyzing and categorizing the channel estimation algorithms, and simulation tools in different contributions. Further, the performance analysis with different performance metrics from diverse contributions is pointed out. Thus, this review article presents a detailed overview of the various channel estimation schemes that have been exploited in the OFDM channel to enhance the estimation of the CSI in the MIMO-OFDM systems. This work presents and discusses the relevant comparative results and computational complexity for all of these CE systems. Furthermore, there is a list of open study directions for further exploration.
The syntax of the diminutive morpheme-aajin Egyptian Arabic, Syrian Arabic, and Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Jarrah Marwan , Jaradat Abdulazeez
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the morphosyntactic behavior of the diminutive morpheme-aajin three Arabic dialects (Egyptian Arabic, Syrian Arabic, and Jordanian Arabic). It argues that this morpheme is categorially a head that projects Size Phrase (cf. De Belder, Marijke. 2008. Size matters: Towards a syntactic decomposition of countability. In Natasha Abner & Jason Bishop (eds.),Proceedings of the 27th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 116–122. Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project). In so doing, this analysis obviously challenges (Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 2018.Constructing feminine to mean: Gender, number, numeral, and quantifier extensions in Arabic. Lanham: Lexington Books) recent proposal that (non-)concatenative diminutives in Arabic are modifiers that are adjoined to categorized words when they indicate smallness in size. Additionally, this article provides an account of the observation that the diminutive morpheme-aajcan only appear with the feminine ending and a certain group of nouns, including collective aggregates (e.g., fruits and vegetables) and granular aggregates (e.g., grains, nuts, and seeds). We show that words suffixed with the diminutive morpheme-aajcan only give rise to an individuation reading (not a partition or non-count reading). This is syntactically interpreted as indicating that Size Phrase (headed by-aaj) is always dominated in Arabic grammar by Division Phrase (cf. Borer, Hagit. 2005.In name only. Oxford: Oxford University Press), whose presence derives an individuation reading.
Unstressed versus stressed German additive auch – what determines a speaker’s choice?
Authors: Reimer Laura , Dimroth Christine
Published: October 2022

The German additive particle auch associates with a constituent (the associated constituent, AC) which is related to contextually relevant discourse alternative(s). There are two versions of auch in German: a stressed and an unstressed version. Although in most of the cases, speakers have the choice of using the unstressed or stressed version, there are clear preferences for using one version over the other. It is the aim of the present paper to contribute to a clearer picture concerning factors constraining speakers’ preferences. By integrating another focus particle (nur, ‘only’) in the context, we ask whether syntactic (nur precedes its AC) and information structural properties (the AC being a focus) of a context sentence influence the choice of a speaker, or whether speakers apply default mappings (subjects as prototypical topics). The results of a sentence fragment arrangement task indicate that speakers strongly rely on default mechanisms, but that they are also influenced by syntactic and information structural properties of the context to some extent.
Impact investigation of inlet environmental changes on the rated condition performance of a high-pressure compressor
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Zhou , Xiao Shuning , Hong Qingsong
Published: October 2022

The variations of inlet environment parameters can make significant effects on the compressor performance. This paper aims to investigate the effects of inlet total pressure and total temperature changes on the rated condition performance of a nine-stage HPC. Different cases of total pressure and total temperature boundary conditions at this compressor inlet are studied by 3-D numerical simulations with experimental validations. The numerical results confirm that the variations of inlet total pressure and total temperature make different effects on the rated condition performance of compressor. The overall performance parameters, such as the corrected mass flow and isentropic efficiency, will increase with inlet total pressure increasing and decrease with inlet total temperature increasing by different change rules. The flow similarity is also investigated by comparing the calculated results of critical quantities in different cases. The results indicate that the rising inlet total pressure can increase the Reynolds number and it is beneficial to reduce the viscous influence so that it is available to improve the performance; the rising inlet total temperature can decrease both the specific heat ratio and Reynolds number so that it will lead to the compressor performance decline inevitably.
On the basic equation and the length of a perfect hydraulic jump
Authors: Aimen Anuarbek , Joldassov Saparbek , Ussupov Muhtar , Sarbasova Gulmira , Barnakhanova Karlygash
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the research data on the study of the basic equation and the length of the perfect hydraulic jump, which lasted for a total of more than 500 years. The perfect hydraulic jump is a unique natural phenomenon, which is expressed in a sharp increase in the depth of the flow from h < h

cr
to h > h

cr
(where h

cr
– critical depth) on a small stretch of land with the formation of a surface whirlpool. Having experimental data of conjugate depths, the length of the hydraulic jump was found according to known empirical formulas. This study applied the theoretical equation of Professor Abduramanov to determine the length of a perfect hydraulic jump. As a result, according to the comparison of experimental data, the equations of Professor Abduramanov turned out to be more suitable, giving the most accurate values. However, since the equation of the length of a perfect hydraulic jump is theoretical, the study suggests an empirical formula obtained experimentally based on this equation.
It’s Easy to Maintain When the Changes Are Small: Exploring Environmentally Motivated Dietary Changes From a Self-control Perspective
Authors: Wehbe Lara H. , Banas Kasia , Papies Esther K.
Published: October 2022

Reducing meat and dairy intake is necessary to mitigate the effects of animal agriculture on global warming. Here, we examine the experiences of environmentally motivated meat and dairy reducers. Specifically, we examine whether shifting towards and maintaining sustainable eating behaviours requires self-control. We conducted a pre-registered qualitative online study surveying 80 participants to explore their experiences of reduction, particularly the role of self-control, habits, identity, and social norms. We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis and generated three themes. Theme 1 captures participants’ incompatible short-term and long-term motivations, which led to experiences of conflict and required self-control to manage. Theme 2 describes aspects of food and social environments, such as social feedback and food availability, cost, and appeal, that hindered or supported participants’ attempts at reducing meat and dairy intake. This theme also revealed that most reducers did not want to identify with specific dietary groups, particularly flexitarians. Theme 3 captures strategies, varying in effort, that helped participants overcome internal conflicts or challenges from the food and social environment. Examples include avoiding choice situations, or behavioural substitution, which facilitated behaviour maintenance through small and comfortable changes that fit with participants’ taste, skills, and habits. Our findings highlight the need to temper negative social feedback and introduce more availability and favourable social norms to support meat and dairy reduction. Interventions that aim to support the transition to sustainable eating also need to consider the social identities of consumers.
Ethics and Global Health Emergencies
Authors: Venkatapuram Sridhar
Published: October 2022

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been marred by a widespread failure to embed ethics in policymaking. The consequences have included vaccine hoarding by rich countries and the deaths of millions of people around the world. Governments have followed a simplistic narrative of science and finance teaming up against a virus and delivering a silver bullet in the form of a new vaccine, rather than recognizing that a health emergency reflects patterns of inequality within and across countries and other social factors that need to be addressed. Given the interconnection and interdependency of globalization, ethics must be incorporated in global health policy as a primary consideration, not an afterthought.
Peningkatan Akurasi Algoritma Support Vector Machine Menggunakan Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Pada Klasifikasi Citra Katarak dan Normal
Authors: Febriyanti Amara , Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: October 2022

Penyakit mata katarak adalah salah satu penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan dan kebutaan di dunia. Penyakit katarak dapat diidentifikasi melalui citra medis untuk klasifikasi atau diagnosis gangguan pada mata. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan cropping citra menggunakan ROI (Region Of Interest) dengan operasi morfologi pada citra mata pada tahap pre-processing. Pemilihan ROI di pupil mata karena bagian ini mempresentasikan daerah katarak pada mata sekaligus meningkatkan hasil ekstraksi fitur menggunakan operasi morfologi. Adapun metode klasifikasi yang digunakan adalah algoritma Support Vector Machine. Pada tahap klasifikasi, sistem akan menerima masukan berupa citra asli. Citra asli tersebut dilanjutkan dengan proses pre-processing dan ekstraksi fitur dengan operasi morfologi dan ROI. Selanjutnya, dilakukan proses peningkatan kualitas citra menggunakan Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT). Hasil DTCWT tersebut, kemudian mengubah matriks menjadi koefisien wavelet serta dihitung mean dan standar deviasi untuk setiap matriks. Hasil koefisien tersebut dijadikan sebagai input pada Support Vector Machine. Dari perhitungan akurasi klasifikasi citra katarak dan normal menggunakan SVM sebelum ditambah DTCWT menghasilkan akurasi 91,66% sedangkan klasifikasi citra katarak dan normal menggunakan SVM ditambah peningkatan kualitas citra DTCWT menghasilkan akurasi 96,16%.
Forest Fires and Law Enforcement: The Capture of Indonesian Contemporary Condition
Authors: Ryadi Arief , Masyhar Ali
Published: October 2022

A good and healthy living environment is not only a right, but therein must also have the responsibility to protect and protect as well as manage or preserve it so that it is getting better and healthier every day. One of the environment that must be protected is the forest. Forest is an invaluable natural resource because it contains biodiversity such as timber and non-timber forest products, water management, flood and erosion prevention as well as soil fertility, protection of biological nature for the benefit of science, culture, recreation, tourism and so on. However, recently forests in Indonesia have been degraded in the form of forest fires. The negative impacts caused by forest fires are quite large, including ecological damage, decreased biodiversity, decreased economic value of forests and land productivity, micro and global climate change, and their smoke affects public health and disrupts transportation, including land, rivers, lakes, sea and air. The government has also issued several regulations related to forest destruction. Among others, Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry. Article 49 of the Forestry Law states that rights or permit holders are responsible for forest fires in their working areas. But unfortunately the law does not explain the criminal provisions regarding Article 49. Meanwhile, if the perpetrator is a legal entity or business entity, the charges and criminal sanctions imposed on the management, either individually or collectively, are subject to criminal penalties in accordance with the respective criminal threats. plus 1/3 (one third) of the sentence imposed.
Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement: Current Problems and Challenges
Authors: Suramin Suramin
Published: October 2022

Corruption needs to be prevented and tackled not only because of its foul, but also economically cause financial losses to the state and is a violation of the rights of the social and economic community. This research is intended to analyze the law enforcement on some corruption cases in Indonesia. The results showed that the number of corruptions is still increase caused by factors such as lack of understanding of the law enforcement officers on duties and responsibilities, lack of morality of apparatus, as well as the lack of a functioning supervisory institutions. In completing a corruption case, should be implemented sincerely, careful meticulous in making the concept of charges and match with the formulation of the offense and the principles of the criminal before the case was transferred to the court. It should also improve the quality and improve the mental attitude of law enforcement officers.
Determinats of The Parenting Experiences for Toodlers and Pre-School Children
Authors: Simatupang Erna Juliana , Novfrida Yizri , Mafluha Yanasita , Nugraha Rd. Deden Gumilar
Published: October 2022

Stunted growth in child development will pose a risk of various diseases, it is still found 11.5% of children under five in Indonesia have developmental disorders. This study aims to determine the determinants of childcare experience factors for toddlers and pre-school age. Using secondary data from the results of the 2019 BKKBN Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP). This type of research is cross sectional. The study population was families who have toddlers and pre-school children, the study sample was 1316, with exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis, using the chi square test and logistic linear regression. From the research results, it was found that the related factors are; education level (p value = 0.00), number of children under five (P = 0.00), welfare level (P= 0.00), area of residence (P = 0.00). The most related factors were the level of education (OR 1.610) and the number of children (OR 2.421). It is hoped that the government can organize training programs or parenting classes and use local resources to improve childcare skills in families.
Effects of Dietary Antioxidant Intake on Lung Functions in Construction Workers in Surabaya
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Mahfidz Ikhwan Khairul
Published: October 2022

Oxidative stress is a condition where the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body. Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants that can inhibit the activity of antioxidant compounds so that these levels become balanced. The research purpose is to know the difference in intake of antioxidants in the diet and the intake effect on lung function in mason who suffer from respiratory and who do not suffer from respiratory. The study design was observational methods Retrospective with purposive and consecutive sampling. Measured variables such as vitamin A, C, and E to Recall 24h and conditions of lung function. Namely % FEV1 and FVC% with a handheld spirometer. The study sample consisted of 79 people who suffer from respiratory and 79 without respiratory distress. The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p=0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig.0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p = 0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E have a value of p=1.000, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036). The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p = 0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig. 0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p=0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E have a value of p = 1.00, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036). The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p=0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig.0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p=0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E has a value of p=1.00, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036).
Causative Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patiens with Hemodialysis Therapy
Authors: Rahman Shahrul , Santika Kasih
Published: October 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathological process with various etiologies, causing decreased kidney function progressively and irreversibly. The prevalence of CKD in the last ten years has increased. Causative factors of CKD vary highly in each countries around the world. Hemodialysis is still the primary kidney therapy besides peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. This study aims to discover the causative factors of chronic kidney disease in patients with hemodialysis therapy at the Medan Rasyida Kidney Specialty Hospital in 2019. The design of this research is a descriptive method, the respondents were 307 chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis therapy taken by total sampling. The most common factors causing chronic kidney disease in patients with hemodialysis therapy were hypertension (59.6%), diabetes mellitus (32.2%), obstructive nephropathy (2.6%), and gout nephropathy (2.3%), polycystic kidney (2.0%) and glomerulonephritis (1.3%). Hypertension is the most common cause of CKD in Medan Rasyida Kidney Hospital in 2019.
Study of Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Winarni Sri , Kujariningrum Oktavia Beni , Nurhayati Elisa , Azizah Waviq
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 can spread rapidly and has been shown to cause a wide spectrum of severity. Vaccines exist as a preventive effort to control the transmission of COVID-19 by forming herd immunity. The presence of the COVID-19 vaccine has caused many responses in the community, both positive and negative responses. The article aim to compare risk factors affecting people’s intentions as respond to the COVID-19 vaccine in developed and developing countries. The research was carried out in January 2021 and used the literature review method by collecting and concluding data from previous research. The search for previous research articles was carried out on the Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Key, and SpringerLink portals with keywords in the form of COVID-19, Vaccine, Acceptance, Intention, and Hesitancy. This narrative review uses 29 articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intention was the lowest positive response (49.64%), and a fairly high form of doubt (71.20%) was found to be a negative response. Respondents who have high confidence in the country’s health system are at 3.05 times greater risk of having the intention to use the COVID-19 vaccine in developed countries (OR = 3.05; 1.13-4.92). Respondents over 65 years of age were at 3.65 times greater risk of having the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in developing countries (OR = 3.65; 2.57-5.17). The COVID-19 vaccine creates positive and negative responses in the community. The intention is the lowest positive response influenced by trust in the country’s health system (developing countries) and age (developed countries).
Occupational Accidents Among Healthcare Workers in Central Java
Authors: Nurmalia Devi , Ulliya Sarah , Sulisno Madya , Ardani Muhammad Hasib , Amilia Rizqi
Published: October 2022

Healthcare workers have a risk of experiencing occupational accidents that may lead to injury or even death. Unavailable incident reporting can negatively impact the health and safety of healthcare workers and other larger sectors. This study aimed to investigate the occupational accidents among healthcare workers. A descriptive with a cross-sectional approach was conducted. This study involved 377 participants from five public and private hospitals in Central Java. Data were analyzed with the independent t-test and logistic regression. Healthcare workers generally experienced low occupational accidents. The most frequent incidents were: exposure to blood and body fluids (68.9%), sharp objects (50.4%), and needles (47.7%). Low rates of occupational accidents were significantly correlated with females (p=0.013). Healthcare workers experienced occupational accidents with various frequencies. Special attention to high frequent incidents is required and a more in-depth study on on the low-frequent.
Availability of Infrastructure and Covid-19 Prevention Behavior in Public Place
Authors: Lestari Putri Winda , Dewi Gusti Kumala
Published: October 2022

Public places or facilities are places that can be the locus of the spread of Covid-19. Previous research shows that the application of health protocols in public places is still low in the discipline. The purpose of this study is to find out how the availability of infrastructure impacts the behavior of preventing Covid-19 in public places. This research is a cross-sectional study, with the independent variable being the availability of infrastructure in public places and the dependent variable being the behavior of preventing Covid-19. It took time in 2021. Public places, include malls/shopping centers, traditional markets, places of worship, and public service places. The sample is 264 people with incidental sampling techniques. Data collection was through the distribution of online questionnaires. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with the Chi-Square test (α 0.05). There is a relationship between the availability of infrastructure and behavior in preventing Covid-19 in public places. Public Places with adequate infrastructure are more supportive of the implementation of the behavior of Covid-19 prevention. The government, community leaders, and public place managers must monitor the availability of infrastructure to prevent the spread of Covid-19. There needs to be special attention to the implementation of Covid-19 prevention in public places, especially in traditional markets or street vendors.
Determinants of Diarrhea in Toddlers at Post-Declaration Open-Defecation-Free Area
Authors: Siwiendrayanti Arum , Maulidah Inda Zumalat Dawil
Published: October 2022

Kudus District Health Office in 2020 reported that diarrhea was still the main cause of post-neonatal and toddler mortality even though Kudus District had become an Open Defecation Free (ODF) District in 2019. The highest case finding was in the working area of the Gondosari Health Center at 22.9% in 2020 and an increase of 20.8% compared to the previous year. Aim: to find out the determinants of the incidence diarrhea in toddler after ODF declaration in the work area of the Gondosari Health Center, Kudus Regency. Method: this type of research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design and was obtained in December 2021. The number of samples was 71 samples with the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet and an observation sheet. Data analysis used Chi-Square and Fisher tests. Result: the results showed the quality of latrine facilities (RP=1.9 and p=0.112), PAMRT (RP=1.0 and p=1,000), PLCRT (RP=3.1 and p=0.001), drinking water sources (RP= 1.1 and p=0.986, water microbiological quality (RP=4.0 and p=0.026). Conclusion: there is a relationship between PLCRT and water microbiological quality with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five after the ODF declaration in the Gondosari Health Center working area. It is hoped that the government will seek a better water source development program for the community and regular monitoring of ODF areas.