bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zona pellucida in the process of fertilization and mammal embryonal development
Authors: JAWORSKA-ADAMU JADWIGA , KRAWCZYK ALEKSANDRA , RYCERZ KAROL
Published: January 2022

In mammals, oocytes, fertilized eggs and pre-implantation embryos are surrounded by an acellular zona pellucida (zona pellucida – ZP). This structure has a fibro-spongy character but it undergoes constant modifications throughout its existence depending on many internal and external factors. ZP consists of glycoproteins marked as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4, the presence of which is species different. ZP1 and probably ZP4 molecules stabilize the fibrillary skeleton of the zona pellucida formed of ZP2 and ZP3 protein polymers which are ligands for specific spermatozoid receptors. The oligosaccharide chains of ZP3 are responsible for the primary attachment of the male gamete which induces the acrosomal reaction. ZP2 enhances this connection by secondary binding to an acrosome-free spermatozoid. Additionally, oviductal specific glycoprotein 1 which plays a role in interspecific oocyte-sperm interactions, appears around the postovulatory oocyte surrounded by ZP. In addition, this protein modifies the resistance of ZP to the action of proteases released as a result of the cortical reaction during polyspermia block. After fertilization, ZP not only protects the egg and then the embryo until implantation, but also has an embryotrophic effect. Understanding the molecular basics of the structure and properties of ZP can significantly improve animal fertility as well as reproductive rates.
Diesel-Like Biofuels Production Using Fatty Waste
Authors: Menezes Lyvia , Suarez Paulo , Ghesti Grace
Published: January 2022

According to the waste-to-energy (WTE) valorization and circular economy principles, the use of waste oil and grease (WOG) for obtaining biofuels shows the tendency towards sustainability, makes the interest in green chemistry, and the development of environmentally friendly processes grow. Three different fatty wastes (from the fat trap of a sewage station, lard waste, and frying oil) were analyzed and this work showed they have no potentially toxic metals. The frying oil sample and residual lard waste showed a higher percentage of triacylglycerides resulting in higher biodiesel conversion. The samples showed physical and chemical properties (density, viscosity, and ash) within the limits established by current regulations. Bio-oil samples formed a mixture of carboxylic acids, with high acidity. However, the parameters that deviated from the maximum permitted by the standard could be adjusted blending with petroleum diesel, replacing partially the fossil energy carriers with biomass-derived energy carriers which could bring positive impacts from multiple perspectives, i.e., economic, environmental, and health.
Sivas Arkeoloji Müzesinde Bulunan Çarpana Dokumalar
Authors: Karaman Şirin , Çakmaktepe Mehmet Fatih
Published: January 2022

Orta Asya’dan beri devam eden gelenekli sanatlarımızın süründürülebilir olmalarında müzeler iyi birer kaynak niteliği taşımaktadırlar. Bazen kaybolduğu düşünülen bir sanatın müzelerde korunmuş olması ile yeniden canlandırılması sağlanmaktadır. Dokuma kültüründe; tekniği ve kullanım açısından farklı özelliklere sahip çarpanalar son dönemlerde diğer el dokumalarına kıyasla daha fazla unutulmaya yüz tutmuştur. Oysaki konargöçer yaşayan Türk kültüründe işlevselliği ön planda olan çarpanalar, taşımacılık ve bağlamada sağlamlığıyla geniş bir kullanım alanına sahipken günümüzde neredeyse kullanılmamaktadır. Değişik genişliklere sahip olan üzeri motiflerle bezeli çarpanalar birer kültürel miras niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma ile bünyesinde birçok kıymetli eser bulunduran Sivas Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde yer alan çarpanaları gün yüzüne çıkarmak ve tekrar dokunmalarını sağlayarak günlük kullanımda veya dekoratif süs eşyası gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılması amaçlanmıştır.
Defluoridation performance comparison of aluminum hydroxides with different crystalline phases
Authors: Gai Wei-Zhuo , Zhang Shi-Hu , Yang Yang , Sun Kexi , Jia Hong , Deng Zhen-Yan
Published: January 2022

Aluminum hydroxide is an eye-catching and extensively researched adsorbent for fluoride removal and its defluoridation performance is closely related to the preparation method and crystalline phase. In this research, the defluoridation performances of aluminum hydroxides with different crystalline phases are compared and evaluated in terms of fluoride removal capacity, sensitivity to pH values and residual Al contents after defluoridation. It is found that the defluoridation performance of different aluminum hydroxides follows the order of boehmite > bayerite > gibbsite. The fluoride adsorption on aluminum hydroxides follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum defluoridation capacities of boehmite, bayerite and gibbsite are 42.08, 2.97 and 2.74 mg m−2, respectively. The pH values and FTIR analyses reveal that the ligand exchange between fluoride and surface hydroxyl groups is the fluoride removal mechanism. Different aluminum hydroxides have different surface hydroxyl group densities, which results in the different defluoridation capacities. This work provides a new idea to prepare aluminum hydroxide with outstanding defluoridation performance.
CAMBIOS EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE LA VEGETACIÓN Y FUNCIÓN HIDROLÓGICA EN RESPUESTA AL DESCANSO DEL PASTIZAL
Authors: Tácuna Raúl E. , Aguirre Lucrecia , Flores Enrique R.
Published: January 2022

Se realizó un experimento para evaluar los efectos del descanso al pastoreo sobre la estructura de la vegetación, la función hidrológica y el estatus ecológico en pastizales de condición regular para vacunos. El área de estudio está ubicada a 4 095 msnm, en la comunidad campesina Cordillera Blanca, Región Ancash, Perú. El diseño experimental fue factorial 2 x 2 en bloques, donde los factores fueron: a) dos sistemas de pastoreo P1: Pastoreo no controlado en tierras de usufructo comunal y P2: Descanso o exclusión total de pastoreo, y b) tres años de monitoreo comprendidos entre el 2011 al 2013. Al finalizar el estudio, la estructura de la vegetación fue cambiando según el régimen de uso del pastizal, en donde el descanso favoreció al aumento de especies de gramíneas nativas y en detrimento de las hierbas, pseudogramíneas y arbustos. El descanso incrementó la cobertura vegetal, la acumulación de biomasa y de mantillo sobre el suelo con respecto al pastoreo (P < 0.01). La función hidrológica mejoró con la aplicación del descanso en comparación con el pastoreo, lo cual se vio reflejado en una mayor capacidad de infiltración y contenido de humedad del suelo (P < 0.01). Los procesos ecológicos mejoraron con el descanso en comparación con el pastoreo expresado a través del incremento del estatus ecológico del pastizal, en respuesta a la mejora de los componentes que determinan su valor como son las especies forrajeras y vigor (P < 0.01).
PRUEBAS DE TOXICIDAD CON ELUTRIADOS DE SEDIMENTO MARINO DE LAS BAHÍAS LOS CHIMUS, TORTUGAS Y CASMA EN PERÚ EMPLEANDO LAS MICROALGAS Isochrysis galbana Y Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: López Haydeé , Miglio María Cristina , Paredes Christian
Published: January 2022

Se realizaron pruebas de toxicidad con elutriados de sedimentos marinos provenientes de las bahías Los Chimus, Tortugas y Casma, en Perú, empleando las microalgas marinas Isochrysis galbana y Nannochloropsis oceanica. Las muestras de sedimento marino se colectaron en los meses de marzo y agosto de 2016. Estas pruebas de toxicidad se realizaron siguiendo los protocolos estandarizados, mediante pruebas estáticas a 96 h de exposición. Previamente, se determinó la sensibilidad de ambas cepas de microalgas al sulfato de cobre (CuSO4·5H2O) como sustancia de referencia. La Concentración de Inhibición media (CI50) obtenida en este ensayo demostró que I. galbana fue más sensible que N. oceanica. Los elutriados de los sedimentos marinos, provenientes de las zonas de estudio, presentaron diferentes niveles de toxicidad, tales como “no toxicidad” (CI50 = 90% - 100%), “moderada toxicidad” (CI50 = 59% - 81%) y “alta toxicidad” (CI50 < 59%) al emplear la microalga I. galbana; mientras que, para el caso de N. oceanica solo se presentó el de “no toxicidad” (CI50 = 90% - 100%) frente a las mismas muestras de elutriados de sedimentos. Estas pruebas de toxicidad demuestran que la microalga I. galbana detecta diferentes niveles de toxicidad, por lo que se podría emplear para evaluar ambientalmente muestras de sedimento marino como complemento a pruebas químicas, ya que no se discrimina el origen de la toxicidad.
COLONIZACIÓN DE ÁREAS DEFORESTADAS DE LA AMAZONIA PERUANA POR LA LECHUZA DE LOS ARENALES Athene cunicularia (MOLINA, 1782)
Authors: Pulido Víctor
Published: January 2022

La distribución bien conocida de la lechuza de los arenales (Athene cunicularia) en el Perú abarca los bosques secos del noroeste, el desierto costero, las vertientes occidentales de los Andes y los valles interandinos. Sin embargo, en los últimos 20 años se le ha visto en la Amazonia peruana, en las regiones de Madre de Dios, Loreto y Ucayali. En el país se registran cuatro subespecies de A. cunicularia, pero, hasta ahora no se ha podido definir con precisión la o las subespecies que han ampliado su rango de distribución en la Amazonia peruana. A. cunicularia puede ser considerada una especie indicadora de hábitats antropogénicos, en donde se ha sustituido el bosque primario por actividades agropecuarias o por bosques abiertos muy degradados. En el presente trabajo se efectúa una revisión bibliográfica y el seguimiento de los avistajes de A. cunicularia en las zonas boscosas de la Amazonia peruana en proceso de degradación con el objetivo de evaluar la expansión en el rango de distribución de la especie en Perú. Se encontraron 80 registros nuevos y de nidificación de la especie en sitios donde no se habían reportado previamente reproduciéndose. Se confirma la ampliación del rango de distribución de la especie en la colonización de la Amazonia, desde el lado peruano, siguiendo la ruta de los ríos que desciende por los valles interandinos, atraviesa la selva alta y llegan a la selva baja, en el avance del establecimiento sobre terrenos de cultivo y asentamientos humanos.
Redes radiales y prototipicidad en los conceptos cromáticos aimaras
Authors: Huanca Quispe Jaime Edilberto
Published: January 2022

En la lengua aimara se registran vocablos relativos a la cromaticidad, muchos de estos nombres están asociados con diferentes escalas de colores, las cuales responden a necesidades derivadas de la experiencia del hablante de aimara. Así, la palabra q’illu ‘amarillo’ constituye una red más compleja de vocablos y expresiones cromáticas como chuki q’illu ‘amarillo oro’, chukiptña ‘tendencia al amarillo oro’, yuri q’illu ‘amarillo similar a la yema de huevo’, etc., los cuales presentan una estructuración consistente con la percepción visual. En atención a lo señalado, nuestro trabajo pretende definir las redes de significado que se configuran a través de los vocablos referidos a los nombres de colores. Sostenemos que existen elementos cromáticos centrales de los cuales se proyectan o irradian otras denominaciones que son más periféricas, pero que relacionan de forma integrada, es decir, en estructuras determinadas conceptualmente y motivadas desde la experiencia física.
UN ACERCAMIENTO AL ESTUDIO DE LAS INMIGRACIONES EXTRANJERAS EN EL PERÚ DURANTE EL SIGLO XIX Y LAS PRIMERAS DÉCADAS DEL SIGLO XX
Authors: Maguiña Salinas Ernesto
Published: January 2022

Las migraciones extranjeras en el siglo XIX y en las primeras décadas del siglo XX constituyeron un hecho social importante en la sociedad peruana, no obstante, su bajo volumen demográfico. El presente artículo, además de describir sucintamente la dinámica demográfica extranjera en el período indi- cado, explora sus principales aportes y formas de inserción económica y socio- cultural, poniendo énfasis también en algunos dispositivos legales favorables a las migraciones, especialmente de europeos, para colonizar nuevas tierras. El fomento de las migraciones extranjeras, influenciado por una ideología racista, consideraba a la raza blanca como una garantía para el desarrollo del país. Paradójicamente, resultó más numerosa la inmigración asiática, especial- mente de chinos, los que se insertaron como braceros, ya que los grupos de poder económico requerían peones o yanaconas, pero no colonos. Sólo una ínfima minoría de europeos colonizó tierras en la selva alta. La mayoría de inmigrantes extranjeros que llegaron al Perú para trabajar en la agricultura, en la práctica, se vincularon a actividades no agrícolas. A pesar de su escaso volumen demográfico, los extranjeros tuvieron un aporte importante al desa- rrollo del capitalismo en el Perú, pues destacaron en la agricultura, industria, finanzas, comercio, servicios, etc. También fue evidente su presencia en la cultura y política de nuestra sociedad.
Adam Smith,Científico Social: Una explotación sobre el conocimiento de su obra
Authors: Porras Vázquez Humberto
Published: January 2022

Adam Smith es un pensador clásico, es el fundador de la Economía como ciencia, peo su pensamiento abarca más allla de la Economía. Se puede decir que esto es evidente porque es un pensador que procede de la "Ilustración Escocesa" y su magisterio está fuera de discusión. Basándose en dos de sus obras: "La riqueza de sus naciones" "La teoría de los sentimientos morales" Sostengo que puede ser considerado como un "Sientífico Social" por sus aportes a la Sociología. Sus ideas han influido en autores clásicos de las Ciencias Sociales y, muchas de sus ideas, se siguen tomando en cuenta para formular nuevos enfoques.
Face Proportions, and Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Facial Proportions in a Thai Population
Authors: Wadud Asikul , Kitisubkanchana Jira , Santiwong Peerapong , Srithavaj M.L. Theerathavaj
Published: January 2022

Background:

Esthetics is the primary consideration for patients looking for prosthetic treatment. Determining the facial types of Thai populations is important because most studies conducted in Caucasian populations mention their facial types, and describe the gender comparisons, and GP of the teeth.

Objectives:

This study compared facial proportions, analyzed the maxillary anterior teeth proportions and determined the relationships between teeth with facial measurements using the Golden Proportion (GP) and Golden Standard (GS) in a Thai population.

Methods:

A total of 200 students (18-35 years) with well-aligned maxillary anterior teeth participated in this study. Face heights and widths were measured from the face using digital calipers and faces were classified as narrow, average, and broad. Teeth and face proportions were compared with GP and GS. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare maxillary anterior teeth proportions and facial proportions with different face types (α= 0.05). Pearson’s correlation was used (α= 0.05) to determine the correlation between facial proportion and teeth dimension among different facial types.

Results:

The findings showed 82.50% narrow face, 13.50% average, and 4% broad face among Thai subjects. No GP or GS was found in the face and anterior teeth, but teeth and face proportions other than GP and GS were found. No significant correlation was found between the Width of the Central Incisor (WCI) with interpupillary distance and alar width.

Conclusion:

In this study, the GP was not found in the facial and teeth proportion. The data obtained from this study may help to provide guidelines for prosthetic and orthodontic management and help to select the proper size and form of the maxillary anterior teeth to achieve proper esthetic outcomes in the Thai population.
Negotiating Value
Authors: Santos Diogo
Published: January 2022

Sundell (2016) presents the grounds to undermine the claim that so called evaluative terms are semantically different from other gradable terms—i.e., that they are genuinely evaluative and/or that it is encoded in their semantics the relativization to a standard determined by an experiencer/appraiser. In order to undermine the claim, Sundell argues that the persistence of evaluative disagreements can be explained without assuming that aesthetic terms are indeed evaluative when one takes into account metalinguistic negotiations—disagreements about how one should use a word or expression. By showing that metalinguistic negotiations do all the needed work without requiring that one assumes that aesthetic adjectives are literally evaluative, Sundell’s expanded argument can be stated in the following way: for the sake of parsimony, one should treat evaluative terms as descriptive gradables. In the paper, I argue that metalinguistic negotiations cannot be the whole story by showing that, if one denies that evaluative terms are literally evaluative, metalinguistic negotiations do not account for the important connection between valuewords and social interactions about value.
Particulares nus: uma defesa da teoria do substrato
Authors: Silva André de Sousa
Published: January 2022

The present work aims to present the debate of the bare particulars proposal and its critics. We seek here to discuss how the thesis of Bare Particulars is presented today by taking the works of proponents of this thesis. In the following we will present the most current criticisms that are raised upon the thesis and how these criticisms arise based on realism, and specifically from defenders of the bundle theory, that aim to discredit the study of any particular substratum. Finally, we will seek answers to the criticisms and how the defense of the thesis is presented, grounding also from the current literature. Based on the debate between the position of Bare Particulars and the bundle theory, we will seek to defend the theory of the substrate as the simplest way to highlight the identity of objects without incurring in the error of Leibniz’s Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles.
O enigma da existência: defesa da abordagem rejeicionista
Authors: Ramos Luís Carlos Vicente
Published: January 2022

In this paper I will defend, against Nicholas Rescher, the rejectionist approach as a solution to the riddle of existence. With this objective in mind, the article is divided into two parts: in the first, I will defend the feasibility of this approach; in the second, I will propose a new argument in favor of this approach
Impacto socioeconómico de la producción y comercialización del cacao de los pequeños productores del cantón Quevedo
Authors: Mendoza Vargas Emma , Boza Valle Jhon , Manjarrez Fuentes Nelly
Published: January 2022

Ecuador ha sido un país cuya exportación de cacao fino o de aroma, ha incidido notablemente en su economía, generando empleo y divisas. Este producto, que genera competencia internacional en términos de calidad, precios de exportación y volumen de producción, posee en el país características diferenciales en la producción a nivel nacional, aprovechadas y desarrolladas en diversas zonas, como el caso del cantón de Quevedo, perteneciente a la provincia de los Ríos, favoreciendo a sus agricultores y pobladores en general, aun cuando la producción y comercialización presentan, indistintamente, dificultades a lo largo de todo el proceso, por lo que son esenciales la planificación y políticas de desarrollo, en aras de la sustentabilidad de la producción cacaotera y a su vez garantizar el bienestar social de todos los factores de la cadena de producción del cacao, así como el desarrollo ambiental y económico en la obtención de este bien agrícola, es indispensable. Este estudio aborda elementos del contexto histórico, económico, internacional, social, político y medioambiental de la producción nacional de cacao fino o de aroma, con mayor énfasis en el desarrollo de este cultivo en el cantón de Quevedo, determinando además la importancia que actualmente representa el posicionamiento del producto en el mercado, estimando la competencia y la necesidad del mejoramiento de la calidad del mismo, dado su impacto a escala internacional, en el nivel de vida de los productores y en la economía del país.
Análisis económico de la eficiencia energética por la utilización de tecnología LED en el consumo eléctrico residencial
Authors: Quispe Mera Álex , Tonato Velasco Mónica
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el consumo eléctrico por iluminación residencial, así como estimar el ahorro de consumo eléctrico por el uso de iluminación con tecnología LED, con la utilización de herramientas de sistemas de información geográfica, en el sector de Codesa de la ciudad de Esmeraldas. Para el análisis de consumo eléctrico se realizó encuestas de preguntas cerradas referente al uso de iluminación con tecnologías LED, tipo y cantidad de bombillas utilizadas, así como el tiempo de encendido; para el cálculo de la potencia por tiempo o energía consumida por iluminación residencial. El área de estudio se dividió en bloques y manzanas catastrales para la aplicación de un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerado. Las encuestas aplicadas iban acompañadas de levantamiento de datos geográficos para la generación de base de datos, cartografía temática para su representación y análisis estadístico mediante programas de sistemas de información geográfica.
Descomposición de la brecha salarial de género en el Ecuador
Authors: Linthon-Delgado Diego Emilio , Méndez-Heras Lizethe Berenice
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Estimar los componentes que determinan la brecha salarial de género en el mercado laboral de los empleados de públicos y privados del Ecuador. Metodología: Se utilizó el método de descomposición Blinder-Oaxaca (1973) con corrección por sesgo de selección sobre los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) de septiembre de 2020. Resultados: La brecha salarial de género es de 35.6 puntos porcentuales. Las dotaciones de las mujeres (escolaridad y experiencia laboral) contribuyen a reducir la brecha mientras que los factores no observados (discriminación) la incrementan. Recomendaciones: La política pública debe orientarse hacia combatir la discriminación para reducir la desigualdad de género. Limitaciones e implicaciones: Se sugiere que más investigaciones se dediquen a estudiar los factores determinantes de la discriminación de género. Originalidad: Este trabajo aporta evidencia sobre la desigualdad salarial de género basada en un método de descomposición con corrección de selección. Conclusiones: La discriminación hacia las mujeres es la principal causa de la desigualdad salarial de género en el mercado laboral del Ecuador.
Factores asociados a la adopción de la banca electrónica en México
Authors: Quintero Peña José Wilmar , Mejía Baños Manuel Antonio
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores asociados a la adopción de la banca electrónica en México, utilizando la Encuesta de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación del INEGI 2019; para lo cual, se utilizó el modelo probabilístico Logit y el modelo supervisado de árboles de decisión. Los resultados de esta investigación pretenden dar insumos para formular políticas públicas y estrategias de inclusión financiera. Entre las limitantes se encuentran los datos perdidos de variables de gran importancia, así como la no disponibilidad de características más específicas de la población. La aportación original es el uso de herramientas de aprendizaje profundo en el análisis de la adopción de banca electrónica para una economía en desarrollo. Se concluyó que: los individuos con mayor nivel educativo, usuarios frecuentes de Internet, de estratos socioeconómicos altos y habitantes de los centros urbanos más poblados, son quienes adoptan fácilmente la banca electrónica.
Occupational and Physical Therapy Strategies for the Rehabilitation of COVID-19-Related Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the Long-term Acute Care Hospital Setting: Case Report
Authors: Connors Catherine , McNeill Stephanie , Hrdlicka Henry Charles
Published: January 2022

Background

Although several reports have described the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), there is a paucity of literature describing the occupational and physical therapy (OT and PT) strategies used in the long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) setting to rehabilitate these patients.

Objective

To expand this body of literature, we present a case report highlighting the treatment strategies used to rehabilitate and discharge an individual from an independent LTACH facility, following diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-related GBS at a regional ACH.

Methods

A 61-year-old male was admitted to an LTACH for the rehabilitation of GBS following COVID-19 infection and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Rehabilitation in the LTACH setting uses a variety of skilled treatment interventions to meet patient-driven goals and maximize their function to the highest level possible in preparation of their discharge to a subacute or homecare setting. In this case, this was accomplished through individual OT and PT sessions, OT/PT cotreatment sessions, and targeted group therapy sessions focused on leg, arm, and fine motor coordination exercises.

Results

With the OT and PT standard of care, the patient’s improvement was demonstrated by several outcome measures, including manual muscle testing, range of motion, grip strength, and the activity measure for postacute care. The patient was successfully rehabilitated and returned to the community after presenting with COVID-19-associated GBS.

Conclusions

This report highlights the complex rehabilitation needs patients require to regain independence after diagnosis of COVID-19-associated GBS.
Characterizing Patient-Clinician Communication in Secure Medical Messages: Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Ming , Fan Jungwei , Prigge Julie , Shah Nilay D , Costello Brian A , Yao Lixia
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Patient-clinician secure messaging is an important function in patient portals and enables patients and clinicians to communicate on a wide spectrum of issues in a timely manner. With its growing adoption and patient engagement, it is time to comprehensively study the secure messages and user behaviors in order to improve patient-centered care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to analyze the secure messages sent by patients and clinicians in a large multispecialty health system at Mayo Clinic, Rochester.

METHODS

We performed message-based, sender-based, and thread-based analyses of more than 5 million secure messages between 2010 and 2017. We summarized the message volumes, patient and clinician population sizes, message counts per patient or clinician, as well as the trends of message volumes and user counts over the years. In addition, we calculated the time distribution of clinician-sent messages to understand their workloads at different times of a day. We also analyzed the time delay in clinician responses to patient messages to assess their communication efficiency and the back-and-forth rounds to estimate the communication complexity.

RESULTS

During 2010-2017, the patient portal at Mayo Clinic, Rochester experienced a significant growth in terms of the count of patient users and the total number of secure messages sent by patients and clinicians. Three clinician categories, namely “physician—primary care,” “registered nurse—specialty,” and “physician—specialty,” bore the majority of message volume increase. The patient portal also demonstrated growing trends in message counts per patient and clinician. The “nurse practitioner or physician assistant—primary care” and “physician—primary care” categories had the heaviest per-clinician workload each year. Most messages by the clinicians were sent from 7 AM to 5 PM during a day. Yet, between 5 PM and 7 PM, the physicians sent 7.0% (95,785/1,377,006) of their daily messages, and the nurse practitioner or physician assistant sent 5.4% (22,121/408,526) of their daily messages. The clinicians replied to 72.2% (1,272,069/1,761,739) patient messages within 1 day and 90.6% (1,595,702/1,761,739) within 3 days. In 95.1% (1,499,316/1,576,205) of the message threads, the patients communicated with their clinicians back and forth for no more than 4 rounds.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study found steady increases in patient adoption of the secure messaging system and the average workload per clinician over 8 years. However, most clinicians responded timely to meet the patients’ needs. Our study also revealed differential patient-clinician communication patterns across different practice roles and care settings. These findings suggest opportunities for care teams to optimize messaging tasks and to balance the workload for optimal efficiency.
Integrating Quality of Life in the Care Pathway of Cancer Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy Treatment: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Survey of an Online Patient Community's Experiences and Expectations (Preprint)
Authors: Wilczynski Ophélie , Boisbouvier Anthony , Radoszycki Lise , Cotté François-Emery , Gaudin Anne-Françoise , Lemasson Hervé
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

New cancer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can improve survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer. Although long-term monitoring of HRQoL has been shown to improve survival, integration of HRQoL into everyday practice remains poorly documented.

OBJECTIVE

This study describes experiences and expectations of patients treated with ICIs regarding a discussion of HRQoL with health care professionals (HCPs) in cancer management.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in an online patient community (Carenity) in France. Patients treated with ICIs for cancer, included between September 2018 and January 2019, completed a questionnaire to assess the involvement of HCP in a discussion of HRQoL and when and what was discussed.

RESULTS

Of 82 patients included (mean age: 56.9 years, 95% CI 54.2-59.6; 46 [56%] male; 34 [41%] with lung cancer), 62 (76%) reported discussing HRQoL at least once with HCPs, mainly general practitioners (54/82, 66%), oncologists (53/82, 65%), and hospital nurses (50/82, 61%). Around half (45/82, 55%) of the patients were satisfied with these discussions. Discussions with the oncologist were at the patient’s initiative (34/53, 64%). Discussions occurred primarily during follow-up visits (40/62, 65%), when adverse events occurred (30/62, 48%), and at treatment initiation (27/62, 32%). The most discussed dimensions were symptoms (48/62, 77%) and physical well-being (43/62, 69%). With respect to expectations, 54/82 (66%) patients considered oncologists as the most important HCPs for discussing HRQoL. These discussions were desirable throughout the care pathway, particularly at diagnosis (63/82, 77%) and when treatment was initiated (75/82, 92%) or changed (68/82, 83%). All HRQoL dimensions were considered important to discuss.

CONCLUSIONS

With only around half of the patients satisfied with HRQoL discussions, impactful HRQoL integration in clinical practice is critical. According to patients, this integration should involve mainly oncologists and general practitioners, should happen at every step of the care pathway, and should be extended to dimensions that are currently rarely addressed.
Remote Psychological Interventions for Fear of Cancer Recurrence: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Cincidda Clizia , Pizzoli Silvia Francesca Maria , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients with cancer and survivors may experience the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a preoccupation with the progression or recurrence of cancer. During the spread of COVID-19 in 2019, patients and survivors experienced increased levels of FCR. Hence, there is a greater need to identify effective evidence-based treatments to help people cope with FCR. Remotely delivered interventions might provide a valuable means to address FCR in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to first discuss the available psychological interventions for FCR based on traditional cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) or contemporary CBTs, in particular, mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy, and then propose a possible approach based on the retrieved literature.

METHODS

We searched key electronic databases to identify studies that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions such as CBT on FCR among patients with cancer and survivors.

RESULTS

Current evidence suggests that face-to-face psychological interventions for FCR are feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for managing FCR. However, there are no specific data on the interventions that are most effective when delivered remotely.

CONCLUSIONS

CBT interventions can be efficacious in managing FCR, especially at posttreatment, regardless of whether it is delivered face to face, on the web, or using a blended approach. To date, no study has simultaneously compared the effectiveness of face-to-face, web-based, and blended interventions. On the basis of the retrieved evidence, we propose the hypothetical program of an intervention for FCR based on both traditional CBT and contemporary CBT, named Change Of Recurrence, which aims to improve the management of FCR in patients with cancer and survivors.
Healing From a Distance: A Cross-sectional Study on the Diagnostic Reliability of Store-and-Forward Teledermatology (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Erika Kim , Melendres Jacqueline Michelle
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Telemedicine delivers health care services between two distant locations through the use of information and communication technology. Several medical specializations, such as dermatology, have incorporated telemedicine into their practice. Since dermatologists are trained to diagnose skin, hair, and nail conditions with a clinical eye, teledermatology may be an alternative when a traditional face-to-face clinic visit is not feasible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of teledermatology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from 2 government hospitals. A total of 39 patients were seen in a face-to-face setting and diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist. A written history of their present illness and accompanying photographs were taken and were shown to 3 consultant teledermatologists, who then diagnosed their condition. Two senior dermatology residents then rated the face-to-face and teledermatology diagnoses as either complete agreement, partial agreement, or no agreement. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the general and clinical characteristics of the participants. The Cohen kappa was used to assess agreement in the evaluations between the teledermatology and face-to-face diagnoses by senior resident raters #1 and #2. Over 70% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater #1. Similarly, over 80% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater #2. The agreement between the ratings of senior residents #1 and #2 ranged from fair to substantial. The findings of the study showed that the diagnostic concordance of in-person clinicians and teledermatologists ranges from fair to substantial, with over 70% of the diagnoses in partial or complete agreement. Although face-to-face consultations remain the gold standard, teledermatology is an important alternative where dermatologic care is not accessible.
Developing Reporting Guidelines for Studies of HIV Drug Resistance Prevalence: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Garcia Cristian , Rehman Nadia , Lawson Daeria O , Djiadeu Pascal , Mbuagbaw Lawrence
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

HIV drug resistance is a global health problem that limits the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Adequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting, which compromises the accuracy, interpretation, and usability of prevalence estimates. Previous research has found that the quality of reporting in studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence is low, and thus better guidance is needed to ensure complete and uniform reporting.

OBJECTIVE

This paper contributes to the process of developing reporting guidelines for prevalence studies of HIV drug resistance by reporting the methodology used in creating a reporting item checklist and generating key insights on items that are important to report.

METHODS

We will conduct a sequential explanatory mixed methods study among authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance. The two-phase design will include a cross-sectional electronic survey (quantitative phase) followed by a focus group discussion (qualitative phase). Survey participants will rate the essentiality of various reporting items. This data will be analyzed using content validity ratios to determine the items that will be retained for focus group discussions. Participants in these discussions will revise the items and any additionally suggested items and settle on a complete reporting item checklist. We will also conduct a thematic analysis of the group discussions to identify emergent themes regarding the agreement process.

RESULTS

As of November 2021, data collection for both phases of the study is complete. In July 2021, 51 participants had provided informed consent and completed the electronic survey. In October 2021, focus group discussions were held. Nine participants in total participated in two virtual focus group discussions. As of May 2022, data are being analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports the development of a reporting checklist for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving agreement among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. The results of this work will be refined and elaborated on by a writing committee of HIV drug resistance experts and external reviewers to develop finalized reporting guidelines.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/35969
#BingeDrinking—Using Social Media to Understand College Binge Drinking: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cirillo Madison N , Halbert Jennifer P , Smith Jessica Gomez , Alamiri Nour Sami , Ingersoll Karen S
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Hazardous drinking among college students persists, despite ongoing university alcohol education and alcohol intervention programs. College students often post comments or pictures of drinking episodes on social media platforms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to understand one university’s student attitudes toward alcohol use by examining student posts about drinking on social media platforms and to identify opportunities to reduce alcohol-related harm and inform novel alcohol interventions.

METHODS

We analyzed social media posts from 7 social media platforms using qualitative inductive coding based on grounded theory to identify the contexts of student drinking and the attitudes and behaviors of students and peers during drinking episodes. We reviewed publicly available social media posts that referenced alcohol, collaborating with undergraduate students to select their most used platforms and develop locally relevant search terms; all posts in our data set were generated by students associated with a specific university. From the codes, we derived themes about student culture regarding alcohol use.

RESULTS

In total, 1151 social media posts were included in this study. These included 809 Twitter tweets, 113 Instagram posts, 100 Greekrank posts, 64 Reddit posts, 34 College Confidential posts, 23 Facebook posts, and 8 YouTube posts. Posts included both implicit and explicit portrayals of alcohol use. Across all types of posts reviewed, positive drinking attitudes were most common, followed by negative and then neutral attitudes, but valence varied by platform. Posts that portrayed drinking positively received positive peer feedback and indicate that drinking is viewed by students as an essential and positive part of university student culture.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media provide a real-time picture of students’ behavior during their own and others’ heavy drinking. Posts portray heavy drinking as a normal part of student culture, reinforced by peers’ positive feedback on posts. Interventions for college drinking should help students manage alcohol intake in real time, provide safety information during alcohol use episodes, and raise student awareness of web-based privacy concerns and reputation management. Additional interventions for students, alumni, and parents are needed to address positive attitudes about and traditions of drinking.
Dolce convivio: Composibles del trashumante urbis
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretero Rangel María Reyna
Published: January 2022

Este libro es una reflexión sobre los composibles del trashumante urbis: la ensoñación, la ternura, la dulzura-sutileza, la hospitalidad, la responsabilidad y el cuidado, que posibilitan la convivencia y convierten las ciudades que habitamos, real o virtualmente, en epifanías de la apertura hacia la otredad y la propia identidad. Estos composibles hacen de la urbe una casa habitable, dulce y empática, donde se da sentido a la vida y se consigue la “plenitud existencial”, la armonía entre alteridad e identidad. En términos pragmáticos, se trata de posibles fuentes de inspiración para la gestión pública y política de la trashumancia urbana, lejos de las leyes de extranjería restrictivas y coactivas que actualmente están en vigor por doquier. Dolce convivio es una lectura recomendable y necesaria en un tiempo cada vez más convulso y con propensión a agudizar los mal llamados choques de civilizaciones, los indigenismos identitarios y el rechazo de las extranjerías de todo tipo. En suma, es una invitación a repensar el mundo desde la ciencia filosófica de Reyna Carretero Rangel, trashumante urbis en su vida personal y su ética pública.
desigualdades socioeducativas en el espacio urbano
Authors: Langer Eduardo , Minchala Carlos
Published: January 2022

El artículo tiene el objetivo de describir la configuración de las desigualdades socioeducativas relacionadas con la ubicación urbana de las escuelas secundarias en el partido de San Martín (Buenos Aires). Para ello, se trabajará georreferenciando el espacio socio-urbano y los datos demográficos en relación con las tasas de escolarización de la última década (2008 a 2019). Algunos de los resultados expresan variaciones de estas tasas, pero no de manera única, homogénea o segmentada, como se piensa comúnmente. Las tasas de éxito escolar no se concentran en las zonas céntricas con menores niveles de necesidad, ni las tasas de fracaso escolar más altas se encuentran en las zonas periféricas con mayores niveles de pobreza. Hay dispersión y fluctuación de las desigualdades educativas en toda la urbe, como se puede observar en la distribución de las tasas de escolarización en el mapa de la ciudad.
Estrategia metodológica formativa para una docencia enfocada en el desarrollo de competencias
Authors: Ríos Teresa
Published: January 2022

Los cambios curriculares en la educación superior chilena en los últimos 15 años no han estado acompañados de manera armónica por una transformación de la docencia universitaria. Esta discordancia entre currículo y docencia efectivamente realizada resulta un impedimento para obtener los resultados que las innovaciones buscan. Se exponen los fundamentos de una estrategia metodológica formativa para una docencia enfocada en el desarrollo de competencias que permita un cambio de las prácticas de enseñanza, de manera que estas innovaciones curriculares ganen en consistencia y respondan mejor a los desafíos que les dieron origen. Se formula una articulación teórico-práctica que da sostén a un nuevo modo de enseñanza en coherencia con las innovaciones curriculares, y al mismo tiempo, atiende la tensión que se produce en el proceso de formación de un profesional universitario entre la demanda por el desarrollo humano y el carácter instrumentalista que da origen al currículo por competencias.
Universidades públicas mexicanas
Authors: Aguado-López Eduardo , Becerril-García Arianna
Published: January 2022

Se analiza el Programa de Carrera Docente en Universidades Públicas Estatales, instrumento de evaluación promovido a nivel federal en México, para discernir su funcionamiento integral y orientación conceptual. Para ello se identifican las tareas y productos que evalúa, así como su lógica de valoración y ponderación. El programa se analiza a partir de sus normas de operación en nueve instituciones con base en sus respectivos reglamentos y documentos anexos más recientes. Los casos estudiados son las universidades públicas estatales de Aguascalientes, Colima, Estado de México, Guadalajara, Guanajuato, Sonora, Querétaro, Veracruz y Yucatán. Se plantea al programa como un dispositivo performativo que busca construir un perfil específico de académico-investigador a partir de criterios particulares de evaluación, ya que busca promover primordialmente la docencia, y en el ámbito de la investigación, principalmente la publicación de artículos científicos con presencia en bases de datos comerciales y el registro de instrumentos de propiedad intelectual.
Radio Over Fiber System for A Four-Store Hospital Building
Authors: Aina Taiwo Samuel
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The goal of this project is to design and analyse a radio over fibre system for a four-story hospital with 20 rooms on each floor. The number of ONUs per floor is 20, and it was assumed that each room had an ONU capable of providing network access to voice, data, video, and biometrics. We build an 80-channel WDM optical transmitter using the WDM method. The proposed system includes a transmitter with 20 input channels, a multiplexer, a DE multiplexer, a 45-kilometer optical fibre, and an amplifier. The proposed model was simulated, and the results were evaluated in WDM systems using an optical amplifier. The receiver performance analysis of the Optical Communication System is shown by the BER simulation run and the eye diagram graphic, with the threshold set at 0.00120739. Furthermore, the eye height is 0.00141402, and the minimum BER is 5.59009e-006. When the simulated and calculated values of received power and total power loss are compared, the system is efficient. Keywords: Radio over fibre, Optical Amplifier, WDM system, DE multiplexer, Multiplexer, BER, Optical transmitter