bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FRANCISCAN MISSION OF GIOVANNI DA PIAN DEL CARPINE 1245: THE COMPANIONS OF THE PAPAL LEGATE IN BOHEMIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO RUS’
Authors: Kozak Solomiya
Published: December 2021

The article aims to analyze the participation of Franciscan missionaries from Bohemia in the embassy of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine to the Mongol khan in the context of Rus’-Czech relations in the middle of the XIIIth century. Research methodology. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach to the study of socio-political, military, and socio-economic phenomena in their development and relationships, based on the principles of scientificity, objectivity, systematicity, and historicism. In the study, general scientific and special historical methods were used, namely: comparative-historical, critical, problem-chronological, source-based, and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of the article is that historiography has not yet paid attention to the bohemian origins of the two members of the Carpine mission. In addition, this fact did not fit into the broader background of Rus’-Czech relations at the time. The role of the Pope in resolving the international situation in Central and Eastern Europe is highlighted, as well as how this relates to the policies of the Czech Przemyslids and the Galician-Volynian Romanovychi. Conclusions. It was noted that the factor of the emergence of nomads and their threat to Europe was crucial for the Czech-Rus’ contacts, which became part of the eastern policy of the Apostolic Capital. Since, in the conditions of the Mongol threat, both the Przemyslids and the Romanovychi actively communicated with the Pope, the Czech-Rus’ communication became inevitable. With this in mind, the article draws attention to the following points. First, the amount of knowledge about Rus’ in Bohemia at that time was analyzed. Secondly, the preconditions that contributed to the Czech-Rus’ rapprochement with Rome, despite the unfavorable policy of the German emperor, were highlighted. Third, the Rus’-Czech relations of the middle of the XIIIth century and their manifestation in the form of the Galician-Czech union in the following decades were interpreted in the international context. The events of the war for the inheritance of the Babenbergs in 1246–1278 and the Czech-Rus’ relations in their context should be considered as a continuation of the political line initiated by the Pope and executed by the Franciscans.
IMPERIAL AND SOVIET DIMENSIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ISSUE IN O. LOTOTSKY’S JOURNALISM
Authors: Mykhailenko Galina
Published: December 2021

This paper aims at studying O. Lototsky’s journalistic works during the revolutions of 1905-1907, 1917-1921 and the emigration of 1920-1930. The main focus is on the analysis of the position of Ukrainian lands in the imperial era and the Soviet period, as well as the vision of key problems and political prospects proposed in the articles of O. Lototsky.
The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Both general scientific and special-historical methods are used in the study, namely: historical and comparative, problematic, research tools of the history of ideas (intellectual history) and biographistics. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by its focus on the analysis of the content of Lototsky’s journalistic works in the context of opportunities to solve the Ukrainian national issue in the conditions of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.
Conclusions. O. Lototsky’s creative legacy contains a significant amount of journalistic material. Their topics are diverse: from reviews of the economic situation of Ukrainian lands to the analysis of the state of educational institutions in the Russian Empire and the problems of the clergy. Considerable attention in these materials is devoted to the Ukrainian national issue. Due to O. Lototsky’s active social activity from 1906 to 1917, the topics of his essays frequently intertwined with the problems in which he was directly involved (for example, the status of the Ukrainian language and the abolition of bans on its use). The position of the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire and other states in the specified period was of his particular concern.
During the emigrant era, the publicist continued to express his vision of the situation of Ukrainian territories within the USSR. The leading idea expressed in most of O. Lototsky’s materials of that period was that the state policy of both the Russian Empire and the USSR did not provide for the creation of an independent Ukrainian state, let alone support for Ukrainian culture. Given the historical experiences of the Ukrainian lands, O. Lototsky in the 1920s and 1930s was an active supporter of the creation of an independent state.
O. Lototsky’s diverse creative legacy, his active social and political activities leave many more aspects for further elaboration, analysis, and determination of the significance of his heritage in the intellectual history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian movement.
SOVIET PERIOD OF HISTORY AND HOLOCAUST IN ORAL HISTORY STUDIES: BETWEEN OFFICIAL AND PERSONAL MEMORY
Authors: Vengerska Victoria , Zhukovskyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of action of individual and collective memory on the features of remembering/ forgetting / interpreting complex pages of history. The use of oral historical memories has allowed to trace the level of influence of stereotypes and dominant (official) historical narratives that were formed both in the Soviet period and in the independence era. The methodological basis of the study is the tools of oral, social history and the history of everyday life. Scientific novelty. The article is written on the basis of oral historical evidence. The article focuses on the issues that break stereotypes about Jews formed during the Soviet period. The collected evidence constitutes an important source of information that explains the peculiarities of the formation of social memory and political factors that determine the agenda of historical policy in a given period. 
Conclusions. The article considers several blocks of problems that reflect the most typical stereotypes, fixed at the level of consciousness, behavioral attitudes, partially presented (or omitted) facts from history, which to some extent destroy them. The memoirs used in the article, which were collected in the framework of the project "Voices" in 2020 in Zhytomyr region (in which the author has participated), reflect the similarity of general ideas, assessments, tone, and memory stereotypes about anti-Semitism, the legitimacy of the Holodomor’s status of the genocide directed exclusively against ethnic Ukrainians, the role and place of Jews in the victory over Nazism, the peculiarities of evacuation, and the issues of preserving and honoring the memory of those killed during the Holocaust. At the same time, those memoirs demonstrate the differences between collective and individual memory, which preserves plots that to some extent destroy stereotypical attitudes that have long been ingrained in the mind and, accordingly, influenced the formation of social memory. The analysis of the interviews shows that oral history has significant source potential for studying various issues and sections of Soviet and modern history that await their researchers.
THE IMPERIAL CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN MEMORIAL POLICY IN ANNEXED CRIMEA
Authors: Horiunova Yevgeniya
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the basic principles of Russian memorial policy in Crimea in the context of Russia's current imperial ambitions. Research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which allows us to consider the policy of memory in Russia as part of public policy to restore the status of "great power" in the world. Scientific novelty of the study is that it has been proved that Russia is actively filling the symbolic space of Crimea with imperial symbols at the same time as preserving the symbols of the Soviet times to restore the imperial status in modern realities. Conclusions. Russia has always considered Crimea its own territory and was not going to give up the peninsula. To support the dominance of pro-Russian sentiment, they actively used symbolic space, trying to fill it with their own cultural symbols. With monuments in honor of Empress Catherine II, the Russian authorities reminded of the first annexation of Crimea and demonstrated their own historical claims to the peninsula. Even, partial decommunization in Crimea took place according to the Russian scenario – the streets were given back the names of the times of the Russian Empire. After the annexation, the Kremlin implemented its own memory policy on the peninsula, demonstrating through new monuments the «Russian status» of the peninsula and its role in the formation and development of the Russian Empire. Accordingly, imperial symbols, along with Orthodox ones, are beginning to play a key role in Crimea. At the same time, Moscow preserves and enlarges the Soviet symbolic space to accelerate the process of building the «Fifth Empire» through the reconciliation of «white» and «red» projects in the mental field, the expansionist foundation of which was laid by the annexation of Crimea.
MISSIONARY AND CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF ST. VOLODYMYR’S BROTHERHOOD OF KYIV PROVINCE (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES)
Authors: Alyoshina Oksana
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the charitable and missionary activities of St. Volodymyr’s Brotherhood. These areas were of primary importance in the Brotherhood’s activities and reflected the intentions of the Russian authorities to consolidate the Orthodox religion on the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia during World War I. The methodology of the paper is based on the principles of historicism alongside the general scientific and special-historical methods: critical, analytical, synthesis, and generalization. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the little-known archival documents, the missionary activity of the Brotherhood among the Jews was analyzed, the quantitative indicators of the so-called “christenings” were introduced into scientific circulation. The main aspects of philanthropic activities of the Brotherhood during World War I were revealed.
Conclusions. The new economic conditions associated with the results of the reform in the Russian Empire and the rapid pace of modernization demanded additional investments and the presence of the most loyal population in rather troublesome “neighborhoods”, which included Kyiv as part of Right-Bank Ukraine, from the authorities. The revival of religious institutions, perceived as “foreign” in the first half of the century, was part of the imperial plan to build a new model of loyalty and identity in the “Russian world” in which Orthodoxy had a prominent place. The desire of some Jews to go beyond the traditional constraints associating with Judaism and turning them into “foreigners” proved to be in tune with the tasks assigned to the brotherhoods in the context of their missionary activities.
The charity of the brotherhoods during World War I had a completely pragmatic basis. In this way, the Russian authorities relied on the loyalty of Galician Greek Catholics (with far-reaching prospects for their conversion to the Orthodox faith).
THE USE OF SPECIALIZED TUTORING METHODS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS FOR THE SECOND BACHELOR’S DEGREE STUDENTS DURING TEACHING-LEARNING THE FOREIGN BUSINESS LANGUAGE BASED ON THE FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Skyrda T.
Published: December 2021

In globalized and progressive world more stringent requirements to high institutions are set. Future specialist in international relations not only should be familiarized with professional business competences including a certain number of skills, but due to the principles of the State Educational Standarts in Ukraine they should be able to read foreign scientific and technical literature, find out necessary information and apply the results in a proper way in their professional activity in foreign languages as well. The students’ level of mastering the language directly depends on the teaching methods being used.

It could be observed during all its history the foreign business language teaching methods changed a lot of times emphasizing reading, translating, audition or combining these processes. Each method possesses its own certain importance and answers the specifically set pedagogical tasks e.g. brainstorming, audio-visual aids, group activities etc. The teaching literature review makes it possible to state that nowadays there is no an ideal, universal method yet that would enable to cover all the aspects in such a short time given to the foreign business language teaching-learning in higher institutions. The known combination of the existing methods and the teacher’s qualification, therefore, enables to make the lectures interesting and more effective. Methods: The given research paper is based on the theoratical material of the appliance of various teaching business foreign language methods for the second bachelor's degree students based on the faculty of international relations, as well as on the basis of the results from questioning the second bachelor's degree students who study foreign languages for special purposes in the field of international relations professions, and also of the results from questioning teachers specializing in teaching foreign languages for special purposes. Results: In the students’ opinion, the most effective methods of teaching foreign languages for special purposes in the field of international relations professions are the following: brainstorming method, in-group committee work and audio-visual aids.
USING STORETELING AS AN INNOVATIVE METHOD DURING THE PROCESS OF TEACHING SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN DISCIPLINES IN MEDICAL HEIs
Authors: Kiriachok M. , Horai O. , Antonov O.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of scientific analysis of the concept of "storytelling" as a method of teaching, and substantiates its effectiveness in the process of teaching social science and humanitarian disciplines in medical institutions of higher education. Based on the analysis of scientific sources conducted, it was concluded that the method of storytelling provides a wide space for teachers and students allowing their creative cooperation, which results in deep knowledge and personal development of the student. It also helps to increase motivation to learn, creates a healthy psychological microclimate in the team, amplifies and stimulates students’ achievement. The importance of storytelling in the formation of communication skills in future medical professionals is determined; the effectiveness of using this innovative method at different stages of practical training is substantiated; the approximate structure of sample story is determined, as well as the variants of plot that can be used in accordance with the educational purpose are described in detail, and examples of practical implementation of stories in the context of teaching social sciences and humanities in medical institutions of higher education are provided, namely: "Ukrainian language (professionally oriented)", "History of medicine". The possibilities of using technical teaching aids, online tools and mobile applications to create stories and their use in pedagogical practice are identified. The further prospects of scientific research in a certain direction, which may relate to measuring the effectiveness of the method of pedagogical storytelling by conducting a survey among students and/or teaching staff with the further statistical analysis of the data obtained, as well as the formation of guidelines for effective use of storytelling in educational sphere of the Healthcare industry.
Differentiation of Mediterranean species of Juniperus from the Sabina section as a result of their migrations
Authors: Mazur Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The Sabina section is one of the three groups in the Juniperus genus and the most diverse. The variability of Mediterranean junipers from the Sabina section is related to their Tertiary and Pleistocene migrations and long-term isolations. Their contemporary taxonomic and geographic diversity was influenced by important events such as the migration of continents, the disappearance of Tethys, orogenic movements or the Messinian salinity crisis. The results of morphological measurements of seed cones, seeds and branchlets with leaves of 19 populations of Juniperus phoenicea complex, J. excelsa s.s., J. thurifera subsp. thurifera and subs. africana, J. foetidissima and J. sabina var. sabina and var. balkanensis were statistically compiled using univariate statistics and multivariate analysis. The most important characters differentiating the populations within the taxa were the thickness of the branchlet and the cone diameter, while between the taxa the ratio of cone diameter to the width of the seeds and the number of seeds per cone were used for speciation. J. phoenicea complex is distinguished from the other studied taxa by the greatest number of characters. J. foetidissima, J. sabina var. sabina and J. canariensis are characterized by the highest variability of morphological characters, while J. excelsa and J. sabina var. balkanensis – the lowest. The studies confirmed the ancient nature of the J. phoenicea complex in relation to other taxa from the Sabina section, as a result of an earlier detachment from the ancestor, and no loss of variability due to the effects of colonization and isolation in J. canariensis. In addition, the similarity of J. sabina and J. thurifera was demonstrated, which would confirm the descent from a common ancestor and similar migration routes from the center of Europe towards the Iberian Peninsula, as well as further differentiation of J. thurifera into subspecies caused by isolation due to the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar. The distinctiveness of J. foetidissima from all the other analyzed taxa was also confirmed, and some morphological similarity was shown, proving the original character of J. excelsa s.s. and its similarity to the J. phoenicea complex in this respect.
Pinus mugo shrubs on peat bogs in the Tatra National Park
Authors: Ociepa Anna Maria , Zięba Antoni , Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Pinus mugo shrubs on peat bogs in the Tatra National Park (TNP) were for the first time described as a separated plant association by Obidowicz (1975) from only two mires. Since then, there have been no studies on peat bogs in the TNP and they have not been mentioned in the list of vegetation types of the Park. The research regarding the dwarf pine shrubs on mires in the Tatra Mountains was carried out in 2019. We mapped all patches of such vegetation (total – ~2 ha) on which we made 26 relevés. P. mugo shrubs on peat bogs occur within the complex of mire habitats, such as Norway spruce bog woodlands, raised bogs and poor fens. The shrub layer is dominated by Pinus mugo with admixture of dwarfish Picea abies. Typical plants of the herb layer are Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, Eriophorum vaginatum and Oxycoccus palustris, whereas the most common mosses are Sphagnum magellanicum, S. capillifolium, S. russowi, Pleurozium schreberi. P. mugo shrubs on peat bogs in the TNP belong to the association Sphagno magellanici-Pinetum mugo.
Workshop Pendidikan Karakter Guru Pembelajar Dengan Pendekatan Pedagogik Kritis
Authors: Nuryani Pupun , Ibrahim Teguh , Juwita Winda Marlina
Published: December 2021

Program pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keraguan yang dirasakan guru SD kota Bandung pada program Guru Pembelajar Online (GPO) yang hanya tertuju pada penguasaan materi untuk pencapaian uji kompetensi guru (UKG). Tujuan dari program ini adalah memberikan edukasi kepada guru SD kota Bandung dalam upaya membangun karakter pembelajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan pedagogik kritis. Karakter pembelajar pada program ini memiliki tiga indikator yaitu 1) kuriositas epistemik, 2) efikasi diri, 3) kesadaran kritis, 4) keterampilan dan kemandirian belajar. Metode yang digunakan pada program pengabdian ini adalah dengan pendidikan msayrakat yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif, caranya yaitu dengan menyelenggerakan workshop pendidikan dan dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan secara intensif karakter pembelajar guru sekola dasar di kota Bandung. Kegiatan workshop pendidikan dilaksanakan selama satu hari yaitu pada tanggal 09 Juli 2019 bertempat di gedung Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan SD di kota Bandung dengan jumlah peserta mencapai 100 orang yang terdiri dari 50 guru SD dan 50 mahasiswa jurusan ke-pendidikan. Hasil dari program pengabdian ini terbangunnya paradigma berpikir bagi peserta workshop yang terkait pada tiga hal yaitu : 1) Pentingnya praktek refleksi bagi guru; 2) paradigm belajar dalam perspektif pedagogik kritis; 3) strategi membangun karakter pembelajar. Signifikansi program pengabdian ini adalah membangun sinergi dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang menginginkan adanya peningkatan kompetensi guru sebagai pembelajar sejati yang terus belajar sepanjang hayat.
Intention Towards Using Loan in Income Generating Activities: A
Conceptual Study Among Poor and Low-Income Households
Authors: Said Nadzirah Mohd , Nawi Noorshella Che , Md Nasir Noorul Azwin , Zulkiffli Wan Farha Wan , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: December 2021

Objective – Even though the country has done a fantastic job of eradicating poverty, some significant challenges and
concerns come as a result of globalisation. The following are important concerns that must be solved as the country
enters a new category of poverty.
Methodology – Malaysia is an impendence country which variety population segmentation based on ethnicity as well
as religion. In actuality, it has the potential to aggravate social issues, particularly in Malaysia. Indeed, Malaysia has
adopted many social programmes including economic and social investment.
Findings– However, poor people in rural and urban areas since poverty has long been seen to be a rural issue with more
than half of all family units falling into this category in Malaysia. Besides, there is a lack of awareness of the causes and
sources of poverty as well as a strategy for dealing with the issue. In addition, there is currently a scarcity of research on
the influence of anti-poverty initiatives on community welfare in the Malaysian context.
Novelty – Hence, low-income people's goals regarding the Malaysian government's incentive or programme to improve
their income are conceptualised in this paper by concern the Theory of Planned Behaviour with four variables namely
attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurial competencies.
Type of Paper: Review
JEL Classification: D10, D14, D19.
Keywords: Attitude, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurial Intention, Perceived Behavioural Control,
Subjective Norms
Determinants of Audit Quality at Public Accounting Firms
Authors: Wenny Yolanda Audrey Michelle , Kartini Kartini , Pontoh Grace T.
Published: December 2021

Objective – This study aims to examine and prove the effect of education, experience and audit fee on audit quality.
Methodology – The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to auditors, both senior and
junior auditors at Public Accounting Firms located in Sulawesi. The questionnaires distributed to respondents were 46
auditors and 42 questionnaires were returned and able to processed.
Findings – This research used a quantitative approach by measuring the objective data through scientific calculations,
derived from samples of certain objects to answer a number of questions. The sampling technique used in this study is
purposive sampling by using certain criteria and the model used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this
study indicate that education, experience and audit fee have an effect on audit quality.
Novelty – Audit quality is a representation of the auditor's performance as an audit service provider and also the auditee
as an audit service user. As a liaison between the interests of financial statement users and the company, auditors are
required to improve the quality of their services which in turn will have an impact on quality of the audit results.
Auditors with adequate education and experience and appropriate audit fee in performing audit services will have an
effect on the quality of the resulting audit.
Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: M40, M49.
Keywords: Audit, Education; Experience; Fee; Quality
Problems and prospects of cultivation of indigenous rice landraces of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India with special reference to Tulaipanji
Authors: Biswas Ishita , Mitra Debasis , Mitra Debanjan , Chakraborty Abhinobo , Basak Goutam , Bhuimali Anil , Das Mohapatra Pradeep K.
Published: December 2021

The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.
Productivity and economics of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation
Authors: GV Venkataravana Nayaka , G Prabhakara Reddy , R Mahender Kumar
Published: December 2021

Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.
Rice crop response to site variability in a multi-locational trial: A call for site specific management
Authors: Rao DVK Nageswara , Surekha K , L Aruna
Published: December 2021

Yield is a net expression of genotype (G) x environment (E) interactions including management. However, the segregation of 'E' into respective causes is seldom done while 'G' is a constant. Soil is a component of 'E' with imminent variability in attributes among multiple locations. Data on yield response of varieties to a set of treatments in different soils from multi-locational yield maximisation trial under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project were regularly gathered. A dataset pertaining to a trial conducted in Karaikal district of Puducherry Union Territory was analysed to ascertain the site-specific crop responses with inherent variability in soils.
Rice varieties, ADT 46, BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were tested for responses at 17 sites with farmer fertiliser practices (FFP), regional recommended fertiliser dose (RDF) and software, 'Nutrient Expert®' (2016) (NE) derived fertiliser quantities. Analysis of variance showed that test sites explained 59.3% variability in yield. A multivariate technique, Factor Analysis extracted two factors, which are linear combinations of soil attributes those explained 76% of variance in soils. Factor scores classified soils into four groups, owing to variability in soil properties. Soil texture influenced yield significantly (across varieties and treatments) (R2 = 11.1%). Sites varied in excess duration in nursery ranging from 2 - 26 days. However, this excess duration reduced number of panicles m-2 only in CR 1009 (r = -0.328**).
General linear model with sites and treatments as fixed factors, their interactions and panicles m-2 as covariate predicted better (R2 = 90.3%) with their significant contribution to the model. The order of R2 (%) was Sites (59.3) > Varieties (27.4) > Treatments (13.6%) in explaining variability in yield highlighting site-specific responses. Mean differences between ADT 46 and BPT 5204; BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were significant. Yield significantly changed across sites and treatments when fertiliser management shifted from non-specific (FFP) to site-specific NE based calculations through RDF (region specific). Results of this trial placed emphasis on soil test-based crop management to realise the uniform best, which clearly is site specific crop management.
Implikacje ignacjańskiego praesupponendum w dialogu wychowawczym
Authors: Frejusz Kamilla
Published: December 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest ukazanie implikacji ignacjańskiej zasady praesupponendum we współczesnym dialogu wychowawczym.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Przedstawiony problem badawczy dotyczy odpowiedzi na pytania: Dlaczego warto dziś korzystać w dialogu wychowawczym ze wskazań zawartych w ignacjańskiej idei praesupponendum? Na ile wskazania zawarte w praesupponendum odpowiadają współczesnym problemom, na jakie napotyka dialog wychowawczy? Jakie praktyczne wskazówki zawarte w praesupponendum znajdują dziś swoje odniesienie w dialogu wychowawczym? W artykule zastosowano metodę egzegetyczną oraz analityczno-syntetyczną literatury przedmiotu.

PROCES WYWODU: Na podstawie opracowań naukowych literatury przedmiotu dokonano analizy ignacjańskiej zasady praesupponendum. Przedstawiono czterostopniową gradację jej treści w odniesieniu do sytuacji, które mogą zaistnieć w dialogu wychowawczym.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że treść praesupponendum wpisuje się w problematykę współczesnego dialogu wychowawczego. Poszczególne człony, na które podzielona została ta zasada, odpowiadają konkretnym sytuacjom, z jakimi może mierzyć się dialog wychowawczy.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wytyczne, jakie wynikają się z analizy ignacjańskiej zasady praesupponendum, są w pełni adekwatne do współczesnych sytuacji wychowawczych. Wskazania ignacjańskiej zasady mogą ubogacać i wnosić wiele nowych treści w rozumienie dialogu wychowawczego. Kluczowe są tu przede wszystkim: postawa otwarcia i zrozumienia, umiejętność korygowania z miłością oraz poszukiwania wszelkich możliwych środków w celu pomocy wychowankowi w jego integralnym rozwoju.
Active Forms of Conducting European Studies: Experience, Analysis, Conclusions
Authors: Sysoieva Svitlana , Lokshyna Olena , Protsenko Olena , Tryhub Ilona
Published: December 2021

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the paper is to assess the efficiency of the active forms (Quiz, One Pager, the World Café, Visualization: Mind Mapping, Interactive lecture-discussion) used within the European studies for PhD students on ensuring quality of higher education.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The empirical material of the research was collected by questionnaire with the direct participation of the authors. The respondents were asked to rate each of the active forms on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 points in order to obtain a rating scale for each of the active forms.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The main professional and general competencies of PhD degree seekers (ability to analyse, evaluate and synthesize new and complex ideas; ability to apply knowledge in practical situations; ability to work in a team etc) can be developed using the active forms of training.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The study showed that active forms are effective for the European studies and development of the professional competence of PhDs.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The active forms are promising for PhD students’ training, especially for the instruction of complex knowledge and the formation of transversal competencies. No less important is the conclusion about the need to use a set of methods that together ensure the implementation of the full range of educational tasks.
Jesuit Upbringing as Prevention Against Fundamentalism, Bigotry and Pharisaism
Authors: Jeník Lukáš
Published: December 2021

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The objective of the work is presenting the pseudoreligion F hypothesis created by a Czech theologian, sociologist and philosopher Tomáš Halík. The second part of the text presents the challenges of Jesuit upbringing which can be understood as a possible strategy and prevention against the pseudoreligion F.
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS:Pseudoreligion F is a hypothesis through which Tomáš Halík interprets similarities among several pathological phenomena of the contemporary social culture as well as Christian religiosity. The key solution is the critical education and dialogue. It is the system of Jesuit education that can be understood as a tested preventive strategy. Critical analysis of the beginnings of Jesuit education shows that this is still a valid method of teaching and upbringing.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION:In the first part of the work, the pseudoreligion F hypothesis was presented, as well as some related theses. The objective of the first part is describing the sociological and philosophical criticism of contemporary religious pathologies. In the second part of the text, we will focus on the key tasks and challenges of Jesuit pedagogy.
RESEARCH RESULTS:Contemporary religious pathologies threaten Christianity as they distort the ideals of the Gospel to achieve short-term goals. In the context of Christianity, such pathologies also include clericalism and, more broadly, pharisaism. Critical thinking about these issues encourages us to search for strategies that can help “extinguish the fire.” One of such strategies is integral humanist education which is also represented by Jesuit education.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: Despite the ambiguity of this term, critical thinking is considered to be the key tool for preventing fanaticism, fundamentalism, extremism, etc. The research is to show that critical education mainly refers to the complexity and integral anthropological line. Education and Jesuit education has a rich tradition based on the Ignatian and Jesuit spirituality.
Humanities Studies and Jesuit Principles of Education
Authors: Šarkan Martin
Published: December 2021

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study is to identify key features of the concept of analysing humanitarianism and, eventually, humanity as an important sociogenic factor and its meaning for contemporary education.
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: This work focuses on recognizing the conceptual core in the humanist tradition through the analysis of the ancient and Renaissance idea of the study of humanitarianism  that dominated in the educational paradigm in the period of the Renaissance humanism and in the development of Jesuit education.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The study indicates interpretative inconsistency in the concept of modern humanism. Trying to explain what is unclear in the humanistic discourse, the author will, first of all, focus on the origin of the Renaissance humanism with its outdated concept of the study of humanitarianism, and then he will present the analysis of the concept of the original, ancient understanding of the study of humanitarianism in the inspiring text of the Renaissance humanistic movement Pro Archia Poeta Oration by Cicero. Finally, the author presents the connection between the analysis of humanitarianism and the Renaissance educational system of Societas Jesu, as well as the perspectives of this tradition and its influence on the present time.
RESEARCH RESULTS: In the research, the author identified the ancient and Renaissance concept of studying humanitatis as a key sociogenic factor necessary for the morphogenesis of cultural identity.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: Humanistic studies, as a lifelong process of cultivating cura personalis according to Jesuit principles, are an important condition for upgrading humanity which is characterized by the fulfillment of the moral dimension of an individual integrated with social and cultural processes of the society. The study indicates the meaning of the epideictic approach to analysing humanitarianism in its function of articulating the cultural identity of the polis.
Pomiędzy Realnym podmiotu a rzeczywistością neuronauk. Historia pewnego złudzenia w tle pedagogiki ignacjańskiej
Authors: Węc Klaudia
Published: December 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem prowadzonych analiz badawczych jest podjęcie dyskusji wokół znaczenia procesów kognitywnych oraz teorii neuronaukowych w aspekcie pedagogiki ignacjańskiej i jej założeń dotyczących źródeł poznania człowieka w jego egzystencji.
PROBLEM i METODY BADAWCZE: Zasadniczy problem badawczy wyznacza pytanie o „żywioł myślenia” jako kluczowe zadanie dla prezentacji podmiotu i pedagogiki rozumianej jako forma zaangażowania na rzecz Innego. W prowadzonych przez ze mnie rozważaniach posługuję się topologiczną, a zarazem triangulacyjną perspektywą myślenia o podmiotowości, którą wyznacza dyskurs psychoanalizy Jacques’a Lacana. W tym znaczeniu przyjmuję, że triangulacja wyznacza logikę przyczynowości dyskursów pedagogicznych.
PROCES WYWODU: Przedstawiona zostanie perspektywa badań osadzonych w paradygmacie krytycznym ukazująca triadę dyskursu osadzoną w kontekście gier językowych, neuronauk oraz pedagogii ignacjańskiej.
WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Analiza pola badawczego oraz pola poznawczego wskazuje na konieczność zachowania równowagi między poszczególnymi dyskursami, by nie doprowadzić do uprzedmiotowienia dyskursu o podmiocie.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Istnieje potrzeba dynamizowania działań podmiotu dla utrzymania równowagi między poszczególnymi ogniwami jego egzystencji.
Editorial: Current Challenges of Ignatian Pedagogy
Authors: Charchuła Jarosław
Published: December 2021

The Jubilee Ignatian Year began on 20 May 2021 and it will last until 31 July 2022. In the jubilee year of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) celebrates the 500th anniversary of the conversion of St. Ignatius Loyola and the 400th anniversary of his canonization. The starting date of the jubilee is related to the anniversary of the event that took place in Pamplona on 20 May 1521, when a cannonball injured Ignatius during a battle. It altered the course of his life, marking the beginning of his conversion, and leading to the founding of the Society of Jesus. The date of the end of the jubilee coincides with the liturgical commemoration of St. Ignatius of Loyola, that commemorates the day of his death. The conversion of Ignatius was associated primarily with a change in his lifestyle. Once a vain nobleman focused on world success, he has turned into an ascetic and inner-motivated man. Under the influence of these experiences, Ignatius and his Companions founded an order and initiated the creation of a “new” spirituality.
Role Of C-Reactive Protein in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Mirza Tassawar Hussain  , Muhammad Kashif Khan  , Syed Shamsuddin  , Ali Aabid , Erum Khan  , Ismat Batool
Published: December 2021

Background: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency and diagnostic dilemma. Making the correct diagnosis is often difficult as the clinical presentation varies according to the age of the patient and the position of appendix. The objective of this study was to identify clinical applicability of C- reactive protein, as a diagnostic test for appendicitis.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Federal government Polyclinic hospital, Islamabad from January to July 2019, 114 patients underwent appendectomy for clinically diagnosed acute appendicitis. The decision to operate the patient was given by senior registrar. The blood samples for C-reactive protein were drawn before taking the patient to the operating theatre. Removed appendices were sent for histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. The C-reactive protein was then compared with the results of histopathology to determine its validity. The data was entered and analysed in SPSS 23.

Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of C-reactive protein in patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were found to be 94%, 78%, 93% and 74 % respectively.

Conclusion: CRP is helpful in making diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It is highly sensitive but has a relatively low specificity.
Predicting Slump Values of Concrete Made by Pozzolans and Manufactured Sand using ANN
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur (Maharashtra), India., M.Mane Kiran , Chavan S.P. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur (Maharashtra), India., Salokhe S.A. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur (Maharashtra), India., Nadgouda P.A. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur (Maharashtra), India., Patil S.T. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur (Maharashtra), India,
Published: December 2021

Large amounts of natural fine aggregate (NFA) and cement are used in building, which has major environmental consequences. This view of industrial waste can be used in part as an alternative to cement and part of the sand produced by the crusher as fine aggregate, similar to slag sand (GGBFS), fly ash, metacaolin, and silica fume. Many times, there are issues with the fresh characteristics of concrete when using alternative materials. The ANN tool is used in this paper to develop a Matlab software model that collapses concrete made with pozzolanic material and partially replaces natural fine aggregate (NFA) with manufactured sand (MS). Predict. The slump test was carried out in reference with I.S11991959, and the findings were used to create the artificial neural network (ANN) model. To mimic the formation, a total of 131 outcome values are employed, with 20% being used for model testing and 80% being used for model training. 25 enter the material properties to determine the concrete slump achieved by partially substituting pozzolan for cement and artificial sand (MS) for natural fine aggregate (NFA). According to studies, the workability of concrete is critically harmed as the amount of artificial sand replacing natural sand grows. The ANN model's results are extremely accurate, and they can forecast the slump of concrete prepared by partly substituting natural fine aggregate (NFA) and artificial sand (MS) with pozzolan.
Agricultural Practices in Lawngtlai Rural Development Block of Mizoram
Authors: Lalthankhumi R. , Lalmalsawma Joseph
Published: December 2021

Agriculture constitutes one of the major sources of income among the people of Mizoram. The areas used for cultivation in Mizoram are usually slashed and burnt down to ashes and are abandoned for years, the land is used and the same plot is re-use after 3-5 years. More than half of the total population is either directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. However, the income from agriculture is less than 5% of the State Gross Domestic Product (State Economic Report, 2015). In the last few decades Mizoram witnessed several changes in agriculture pattern as many farmers have been shifting from cultivation to small- scale agricultural farming.

This paper highlights the transformation of agricultural practices and the major factors affecting agricultural production and attempt is made to examine the prevailing socio- economic aspects associated with farmers with special reference to Lawngtlai Rural Development Block and a questionnaire method was used for collecting relevant information for the purpose. The research found that there exist major transformations of agricultural practices in the last couple of decades. The cycle of shifting agriculture period has been shortened drastically. It is also revealed that farmers are gradually adopting settled farming from shifting agriculture and that government intervention and assistance has been increasing more and more in this field. It is suggested that agricultural practice be transformed from jhuming to settled farming and from cultivating the traditional crops to cash crops with governmental and institutional support for shifting to higher income in agricultural and horticultural crops.
A Study of Caste and Gender Barriers for the Operation of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Nepal
Authors: Karmacharya Sailesh
Published: December 2021

Micro-finance is used worldwide as an effective tool to reduce poverty through providing financial services to the disadvantaged groups such as low-income people and poor women who are traditionally excluded from such services. Nepal is one of the developing countries that is characterized by pervasive gender and caste bias. This study focused on gender and caste barriers that hinder the smooth implementation of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Nepal. Using data from semi-structured interviews of ten employees of MFIs and other financial institutions, this study showed that staff of the Nepalese MFIs were aware of caste and gender discriminations, but they were inactive in overcoming these social and cultural barriers in their routine work. The findings indicated that the disproportionate male-female ratio among the staff was a major hindrance in the smooth operation of MFIs. Lack of female staff and the passiveness of female borrowers lead to the problem of communication between MFIs’ staff and their clients. Based on these findings, we suggest that gender sensitive awareness training should be included in MFIs’ training and advocacy programs for staff and clients in Nepal. Equal opportunities should be given to females and low caste people in the process of MFIs’ recruitment.