bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Similar levels of emotional contagion in male and female rats
Authors: Han Yingying , Sichterman Bo , Carrillo Maria , Gazzola Valeria , Keysers Christian
Published: February 2020

Emotional contagion, the ability to feel what other individuals feel without necessarily understanding the feeling or knowing its source, is thought to be an important element of social life. In humans, emotional contagion has been shown to be stronger in women than men. Emotional contagion has been shown to exist also in rodents, and a growing number of studies explore the neural basis of emotional contagion in male rats and mice. Here we explore whether there are sex differences in emotional contagion in rats. We use an established paradigm in which a demonstrator rat receives footshocks while freezing is measured in both the demonstrator and an observer rat. The two rats can hear, smell and see each other. By comparing pairs of male rats with pairs of female rats, we found (i) that female demonstrators froze less when submitted to footshocks, but that (ii) the emotional contagion response, i.e. the degree of influence across the rats, did not depend on the sex of the rats. This was true whether emotional contagion was quantified based on the slope of a regression linking demonstrator and observer average freezing, or on Granger causality estimates of moment-to-moment freezing. The lack of sex differences in emotional contagion is compatible with an interpretation of emotional contagion as serving selfish danger detection.
TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Trendelenburg Anne-Ulrike
Published: February 2020

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which contributes to the pathology of a variety of chronic diseases. Fibrotic diseases cause about 45% of deaths, which confirms the high importance of anti-fibrosis therapy. The master regulator of fibrosis is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling and, therefore, this presents as a major target for pharmacotherapy. This chapter summarizes anti-TGFβ approaches developed for fibrosis therapy across tissues and organs, targeting directly the ligands, the receptors, canonical and non-canonical signaling and effectors as well as interacting pathways. A common challenge for all approaches is the pleiotropic action of TGFβ, and consequently finding effective and safe principles. Many approaches towards TGFβ inhibition failed despite promising preclinical data due to unfavorable risk–benefit profiles in patients. However, increased understanding of the pathway and lessons learnt from earlier failures helped to identify more specific pathway nodes as well as to produce advanced generations of drugs. Currently, two compounds are on the market for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pirfenidone and nintenadib. These two compounds are indirect inhibitors of TGFβ signaling, and neither have fully defined mode of actions. Both show good risk–benefit profiles and manageable adverse events in patients, and their approval was a breakthrough in fibrosis therapy.
Autotaxin Inhibitors in Fibrosis
Authors: Desroy N. , Heckmann B.
Published: February 2020

Autotaxin (ATX) is a circulating enzyme that plays a major role in the production of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) species in blood. A role for ATX–LPA signalling has been described in multiple disease areas, in particular fibrosis. The involvement of the ATX–LPA axis in fibrosis is based on clinical observations in patients as well as characterization of ATX–LPA regulation, genetic deletion and effects of ATX inhibitors or LPA antagonists in preclinical models of fibrosis in rodents. The three dimensional structure of ATX revealed several possible binding modes for inhibitors which might affect ATX activity beyond LPA production. This chapter describes the role of ATX in fibrotic diseases and the properties of ATX inhibitors that have been evaluated in rodent models of lung, liver or skin fibrosis. A description of ATX inhibitors in clinical use or progressing towards entering clinical trials based on literature, patent applications and press releases from actors in the field is also included.
Inhibition of LOXL2 and Other Lysyl Oxidase (Like) Enzymes: Intervention at the Core of Fibrotic Pathology
Authors: Findlay Alison , Turner Craig , Hamprecht Dieter
Published: February 2020

The hallmark of fibrosis is the accumulation of excessive collagen in tissue as a result of an imbalance between collagen formation and degradation. A key step in collagen formation is its stabilization – and with this, slowing of its degradation – by cross-links. This cross-linking is mediated by lysyl oxidases, a group of five related enzymes consisting of lysyloxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like 1–4 (LOXL1–4), of which LOXL2 is thought to be of particular relevance in most conditions of pathological fibrosis. Recently, the first inhibitors of LOXL2 enzyme activity and dual inhibitors of LOXL2 and LOXL3 have been advanced into clinical studies. The data underlying their promise as novel anti-fibrotic therapeutics is summarised, together with an outlook on the potential of inhibition of other members of this family of enzymes.
Targeting the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Thorley Andrew J. , Krautwald Simon , Rowlands David J.
Published: February 2020

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic, progressive, fibrotic scarring of the lung leading to decline in lung function and ultimately death. The median survival is three to five years and the number of cases diagnosed each year is increasing. At present, only two drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, are available. Whilst these drugs slow progression of the disease, they do not improve overall survival and both exhibit side effect profiles that often lead to cessation of treatment. As such, there is an urgent need for new transformative therapies for this devastating disease. Although definitive understanding of the causative and initiating factors of IPF is still lacking, it is clear that a number of aberrant cellular processes are central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Disruption of the ubiquitin proteasome system has been linked to a number of pathways thought to drive IPF, including senescence, defective mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this chapter, we discuss these cellular events, and how targeting of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, important components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, may be an attractive approach to treating IPF.
BH3 Mimetic Drugs for Anti-fibrotic Therapy
Authors: Lagares David
Published: February 2020

Persistence of activated myofibroblasts distinguishes non-resolving pathological fibrosis from self-limiting physiological wound healing, indicating that therapies selectively inducing myofibroblast apoptosis could potentially reverse established fibrosis. The acquisition of an apoptosis-resistant phenotype has emerged as a hallmark of scar-forming myofibroblasts during the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. Recent progress in the field has identified molecular pathways promoting survival of activated myofibroblasts, which have unveiled novel therapeutic targets to treat human fibrotic diseases by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis. The so-called B-cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetic drugs have recently emerged as novel therapeutic agents for reversing established fibrosis in experimental models. This class of drugs unleashes the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in myofibroblasts by targeting specific anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) proteins.
Intratumoral Fibrosis: Emerging Concepts and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Cremasco Viviana , Chang Jonathan
Published: February 2020

Cancer progression is reliant on the co-evolution of supporting stroma to sustain tumor growth and facilitate metastasis. Among stromal cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as critical players in solid tumors, owing to their abundance and their pleiotropic roles in the tumor microenvironment. One of the most substantial features of CAFs is the deposition of a dense collagenous matrix that serves not only as the tumor's structural foundation but provides critical mechanical and biomechanical cues determining cancer cell fate and behavior, as well as response to therapy. Remarkably, intratumoral fibrosis is associated with poor prognosis in many human tumors and as such, represents an emerging therapeutic opportunity for cancer disease. In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of fibrosis development in cancer; present the evidence supporting a role for fibroblasts and extracellular matrix in cancer initiation and progression; and highlight some of the available preclinical and clinical data around the therapeutic concept of targeting intratumoral fibrosis for cancer.
Targeting Fibroblasts in Fibrosis and Cancer
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed M. R. H. , Bansal Ruchi , Prakash Jai
Published: February 2020

Fibroblasts are a heterogenic cell-type that play a major role in tissue integrity and wound healing. Under pathological conditions they transform into an aggressive phenotype, being responsible for inducing organ fibrosis as well as supporting tumor progression. Fibroblasts are known to secrete abundant amounts of extracellular matrix and numerous growth factors and cytokines. Cell-specific therapeutic targeting to fibroblasts is of high interest for intervening into several pathologies by developing novel therapeutic modalities. This chapter will shed light on the biology of fibroblasts, their diversity and heterogeneity as well as the targeting strategies using different targeting systems, such as nanoparticles and biologicals.
Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to constant sub-inhibitory concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds
Authors: Voumard Margaux , Venturelli Leonardo , Borgatta Myriam , Croxatto Antony , Kasas Sandor , Dietler Giovanni , Breider Florian , von Gunten Urs
Published: February 2020

The susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa exposed to constant sub-inhibitory 3 concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds was characterized as well as the 4 nanomechanical membrane properties.
Independent fermentation and metabolism of dietary polyphenols associated with a plant cell wall model
Authors: Phan A. D. T. , Williams B. A. , Netzel G. , Mikkelsen D. , D'Arcy B. R. , Gidley M. J.
Published: February 2020

The metabolic pathways of polyphenol degradation are not influenced by the presence of plant cell walls during in vitro fermentation, but co-fermentation of cell walls may lead to faster microbial metabolism of polyphenols.
Nanocrystal–ligand interactions deciphered: the influence of HSAB and pKa in the case of luminescent ZnO
Authors: Champouret Yohan , Spataro Grégory , Coppel Yannick , Gauffre Fabienne , Kahn Myrtil L.
Published: February 2020

The pKa values of an organic substrate determines its interaction with the nanocrystal's surface while its hard or soft character will govern the emission intensity of the ZnO nanocrystals.
Stabilization of negative capacitance in ferroelectric capacitors with and without a metal interlayer
Authors: Rollo T. , Blanchini F. , Giordano G. , Specogna R. , Esseni D.
Published: February 2020

The negative capacitance operation of a ferroelectric material is not only an intriguing materials science topic, but also a property with important technological applications in nanoscale electronic devices.
Low-temperature direct synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals in water and their application in light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Gao Long , Zhao Min , Miao Yanqin , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Chengqiang , Liu Peizhi , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie
Published: February 2020

Perovskite nanocrystals were directly synthesized in pure water and applied in light-emitting diodes.
Synthesis of polymeric topological isomers based on sequential Ugi-4CR and thiol–yne click reactions with sequence-controlled amino-functionalized polymers
Authors: Shen Heyu , Han Li , Ma Hongwei , Liu Pibo , Yang Lincan , Li Chao , Ma Yuting , Peng Zhixuan , Li Yang
Published: February 2020

Polymeric topological isomers have been designed and synthesized with sequence-controlled amino functionalized polymers.
In silico rational design by molecular modeling of new ketones as photoinitiators in three-component photoinitiating systems: application in 3D printing
Authors: Sun Ke , Xu Yangyang , Dumur Frédéric , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Chen Hong , Dietlin Céline , Graff Bernadette , Lalevée Jacques , Xiao Pu
Published: February 2020

New photoinitiators for 3D printing were in silico developed by molecular modeling.
Self-supported binder-free hard carbon electrodes for sodium-ion batteries: insights into their sodium storage mechanisms
Authors: Beda Adrian , Villevieille Claire , Taberna Pierre-Louis , Simon Patrice , Matei Ghimbeu Camélia
Published: February 2020

Binder-free self-supported hard carbon electrodes derived from biopolymer filter papers impregnated with phenolic resin were designed to study Na storage mechanisms. Experimental evidence of Na intercalation in the low voltage plateau was found.
Open clamshell dinuclear palladium(ii) complexes possessing out-of-plane anisotropy
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Higuchi Kazuki , Kuwata Shigeki , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu , Takata Toshikazu
Published: February 2020

Open clamshell dinuclear palladium(ii) complexes possessing out-of-plane anisotropy were synthesised by double palladation of planar oligomeric phenylpyridines.
Amplification of the chiroptical response of UV-transparent amines and alcohols by N-phthalimide derivatization enabling absolute configuration determination through ECD computational analysis
Authors: Padula Daniele , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Santoro Ernesto , Scafato Patrizia , Belviso Sandra , Superchi Stefano
Published: February 2020

Transformation of chiral UV-transparent amines and alcohols to phthalimides enhances their chiroptical response allowing their absolute configuration assignment by ECD computation.
Correction: Recent advances in the direct β-C(sp2)–H functionalization of enamides
Authors: Zhu Tonghao , Xie Shimin , Rojsitthisak Pornchai , Wu Jie
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Recent advances in the direct β-C(sp2)–H functionalization of enamides’ by Tonghao Zhu et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02649e.
Correction: Gamma ray assisted modification of carbon quantum dot/polyurethane nanocomposites: structural, mechanical and photocatalytic study
Authors: Budimir Milica , Marković Zoran , Jovanović Dragana , Vujisić Miloš , Mičušík Matej , Danko Martin , Kleinová Angela , Švajdlenková Helena , Špitalský Zdeno , Marković Biljana Todorović
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Gamma ray assisted modification of carbon quantum dot/polyurethane nanocomposites: structural, mechanical and photocatalytic study’ by Milica Budimir et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 6278–6286.
In vivo staining with alizarin for ageing studies on chondrichthyan fishes
Authors: Caraguel Jean-Marie , Barreau Thomas , Brown-Vuillemin Sarah , Iglésias Samuel P.
Published: February 2020

Age determination for stock assessments and conservation of cartilaginous fishes is mainly obtained by counting the annual growth bands in vertebrae. Recent studies show numerous inconsistencies and the need for systematic validation. We assessed the effectiveness of the fluorochrome alizarin red S, a common skeleton vital marker used as a time stamp for teleost fishes, on chondrichthyan. Twenty-five captive small-spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) were marked by alizarin red S intraperitoneal injections. The fluorochrome produced a wide fluorescent mark on sectioned vertebral centra of all injected fish. Alizarin red S did not have a deleterious effect on growth during three months monitoring. The marks obtained remained stable in vivo for more than four years after injections and were resistant to fading during the observation under the microscope excitation light. Our results suggest that alizarin red S is an effective tool for long time vital marking of chondrichthyans.
An assessment of IMERG rainfall products over Bali at multiple time scale
Authors: Yuda I Wayan Andi , Prasetia Rakhmat , As-syakur Abd. Rahman , Osawa Takahiro , Nagai Masahiko
Published: February 2020

Evaluation of first five years of the Global Precipitation Measurement - Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) final preciptitation product was performed over Bali – Indonesia using surface observation data which derived from The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG) as a reference. This study evaluated IMERG’s performance in describing the temporal characteristics of rainfall variation over various time periods (including daily, monthly, and seasonal). The analysis concentrated on the period of April 2014 to April 2019. The results of statistical measurements consisted Probability of Detection (POD), linear correction coefficient (r), Mean Bias Error (MBE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). In general, the results showed that IMERG rainfall estimation value was lower than rain gauges data. The statistical assesment indicated IMERG data was highly accurate on monthly to seasonal timescales. However, a moderate correlation was shown between the daily data comparison from IMERG to ground references. IMERG Performed better in wet season period (November -April) than in dry season period (May – Oktober). The probability of detection rain events on daily time scale was good. Overall, data from IMERG has the potential to be useful as a complement to rain gauge data in areas where rainfall observations are not available in the field.
Correlation of lead (Pb) content towards the number of stomata on the plant Dracaena marginata tricolor in some places of Surabaya City
Authors: Hamidah  , Putri Dwiyanti , Purnobasuki Hery
Published: February 2020

This research is an observational study that aims to determine the characteristics of stomata in the leaves of Dracaena marginata tricolor. This research is descriptive analysis. Sampling was carried out at three locations which had different levels of motor vehicle density, the location at Bundaran Dolog, Jl.Gading Ketabang and Kebun Bibit 2.The calculation of the average lead level in the Dracaena marginata tricolor leaf from the highest was obtained at the Bundaran Dolog Surabaya 2.01 µg / g. Calculation of the average lead level atDracaena margata tricolor leaf of Jl. Gading Ketabang was obtained at 1.06 µg / g and at Kebun Bibit 2 Surabaya obtained an average lead level in the leaves of Dracaena marginata tricolor of 0.82 µg / g. The highest calculation of the number of leaf stomata at the Bundaran Dolog Surabaya of 21. At the location of Jl. Gading Ketabang obtained an average number of stomata of 18 and at the location Kebun Bibit 2 Surabaya the results of the calculation of the average number of stomata were 16.
Detection of silent subsidence over extensive area by SBAS DInSAR: a case study of Southern Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Yastika Putu Edi , Shimizu Norikazu , Pujianiki Ni Nyoman , Temaja I Gede Rai Maya , Antara I Nyoman Gede , Osawa Takahiro
Published: February 2020

Numerous cities around the world are facing the problem of land subsidence. In many cases, it is the excessive groundwater extraction to meet human needs that leads to this subsidence. Since land subsidence rates are very slow (a few centimeters per year), the subsidence usually remains unnoticed until it has progressed to the point of causing severe damage to buildings, houses, and/or other infrastructures. Therefore, it is very important to detect the presence of subsidence in advance. In this study, screening for the presence of land subsidence in the city of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia is conducted. The Sentinel-1A/B SAR dataset, taken from October 2014 to June 2019, is processed using the SBAS DInSAR method. Subsidence is found in the districts of Denpasar Selatan, Denpasar Barat, and Kuta, which falls in the range of -100 mm to -200 mm in an area of about 93.03 ha. All the extracted points of interest show the subsidence having linear behavior. The spatio-temporal behavior of the subsidence in Denpasar is presented clearly. However, the mechanism and the deriving factors of the subsidence remain unclear. Therefore, further studies are needed.
Environmental planning and management in traditional market: a study at Ibuh Market (Payakumbuh) and Pandansari Market (Balikpapan)
Authors: Sunarto S , Mangkara Sessario B. , Arozaq Miftahul
Published: February 2020

Traditional market is a piece of urban movement which have mixed activities. At present, the management of the traditional market Indonesia is still not well implemented and a trader’s community also give impact to environmental pollution. The research objective is to analyse a solid waste generation and green open space around the traditional markets and construct map of environmental planning and management. This research was conducted at Ibuh Market (Payakumbuh) and Pandansari Market (Balikpapan). The method used in this study is to integrate environmental information resources from thematic maps, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), observation, and interviews to the management of traditional market. The results of this study indicate that Ibuh and Pandansari markets have a good environmental management especially on the reduction of waste generation because an optimal the operational of compost house and waste bank. In terms of environmental planning, the manager of Pandansari Market does not have the commitment to provide green open space and the UHI forming factors will increase where the market is surrounded by mixed buildings. At the same time, Ibuh Market has sufficient green open space and can reduce the UHI phenomenon. Furthermore, in the future the management develop a model of environmental management based less waste and eco-tourism development.
Why Tree analysis to find the root cause of environmental problem (case study on geothermal power plant)
Authors: Utomo Suyud Warno , Hidajat Raity Arief , Garniwa Iwa
Published: February 2020

Concept of sustainable development were introduced in 1987 by the world commission on environment and development, chaired by Gro Harlem Bruntland. Sustainable development is a development process that is principled to meet the needs of the present without compromising with the risk of fulfilment of the needs for future generations. Challenges that must be faced in order to achieve sustainable development is how to repair the environmental destruction without compromising the need for economic development and social justice. The 2005 World Summit outlined sustainable development consisting of three main pillars, includes economic, social and environmental interdependence and strengthening. Environmental aspects sometimes having problems either because they are directly caused by human error or mismanagement. Root cause analysis method is needed to find out the contributing factor of the problems. In this research, Why Tree method is used along with the RCA-Constructor software to investigate the root cause of geothermal power plant’s environmental problems in Indonesia. This finding is expected to formulate appropriate and continuous improvement steps to prevent the similar events in the future.
The source of potential pollution and diarrhea on toodlers at populous area (a study at Johar Baru Subdistrict, Central Jakarta)
Authors: Fitri Ika Syiami , Kusnoputranto Haryoto , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi
Published: February 2020

Indonesia still faces some challenges in the field of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) especially in Jakarta. Environmental disease such as diarrhea becomes the cause of death on toddlers in Indonesia. The region with the most cases of diarrhea is Johar Baru Subdistrict with proportion 17% of all Subdistricts in Central Jakarta area and becomes the region with the most populous place in Jakarta. This analysis aims to determine the source of potential pollution of diarrhea in Johar Baru Subdistrict. The research method used was cross sectional study design. The research results show that mothers’ education, the habit of washing the hand by using soap, family income, type of clean water sources, facility of waste disposal, and risk of clean water source pollution influence the occurance of diarrhea on toddlers. The dominant factor of diarrhea case on toddlers is the risk of clean water source pollution and the habit of washing the hand by using soap. The effort of diarrhea prevention is such as conducting city water security at slums of the city with high populous and makes washing the hand with soap as the habit in the society completed with the facility of hand washing.
Preliminary assessment for coastal climate adaptation and resilience in Kepetingan Hamlet, Sawohan Village, Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Adityawitari Fibrilatifa , Saputra Dhira K. , Sutarto Ardanti Y. C.
Published: February 2020

Climate change has been occurring in every part of the world for the last two decades, including Indonesia. This phenomenon constitutes key emerging threat to marine ecosystems and fisheries resources as well as to societies that depend on these coastal environment and natural resources for food and livelihood. Nowadays, coastal adaptation to climate change is one of the tremendous challenges for coastal communities. The east coast of Sidoarjo regency has one of the widest mudflat areas in East Java, with high sedimentation rate which is originated from Brantas Watershed. This area, specifically in Kepetingan Hamlet, Sawohan Village, is heavily impacted by tidal floods twice a year and this is considered the most vulnerable place in Sidoarjo coastal area. In terms of a climate change adaptation measures, it is important to assess the resilience of these communities. This research aimed to analyse the recent condition of Kepetingan Hamlet and to investigate the factors which increases local community vulnerability due to climate change impact. We conducted this research by undergoing field observations including interviews with related stakeholders. This result expected to provide a bigger picture about Kepetingan Hamlet and to provide the suitable adaptation strategies for building resilience in facing climate change.
The Economic role of cassava in farmers’ households in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province
Authors: Zakaria Wan Abbas , Endaryanto Teguh , Indah Lidya Sari Mas , Mutolib Abdul
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to analyze the economic role of cassava in farm households in Central Lampung Regency in the span of 1998 to 2018. Data collection were using surveys and in-depth interviews and analyzed using tabulation method. The results showed that there had been a decline in the economic role of cassava in farm households from 86% to 43.39%. There had been an increase in the share of on-farm income outside cassava (sugar cane, poultry farming, and cattle, etc) and the share of off-farm income (farm laborers) and non-farm income (employees, drivers, and traders) in line with the growth of the sugar processing industry since the past 10 years. In 1998, the economic role of cassava on household income was 86% while it was 43.39% in 2018. Non-cassava income was 39.13%, off-farm income as farmer income was 8.52%, and non-farm income was 8.96%. The shift of the primary sector to the secondary and tertiary sectors occurred because in Terusan Nunyai Sub-district, sugar cane factories and pineapple factories had been established, so farmers preferred to become farm laborers, employees, drivers, and traders to increase their incomes.
Role of slag on inclusions control and its effect on primary carbides in H13 steel
Authors: Wang Xijie , Li Guangqiang , Liu Yu , Wang Qiang , Zhang Zhao
Published: February 2020

The relationship of inclusions and primary carbides in H13 ingot processed by ESR with ANF-6 slag was investigated. It is found that inclusions in H13 ESR ingot are Al2O3, MnS and calcium-aluminate inclusions. The Al2O3 and MnS inclusions are found to be the nucleation cores of the primary carbides, whereas the calcium-aluminate inclusions are not. In order to study the effect of slag on inclusions and primary carbides of H13 steel further, the characteristics of inclusions and primary carbides in steel remelted by ANF-6 and ANF-8 slags were analyzed, and compared to the steel remelted without slag. After being remelted with the ANF-6 (70 mass% CaF2 + 30 mass% Al2O3) and ANF-8 (60 mass% CaF2 + 20 mass% CaO + 20 mass% Al2O3) slags, Al2O3 and CaO contents in calcium-aluminate inclusions increase, respectively. The ANF-8 slag shows stronger desulfurization ability than ANF-6 slag, which contributes to the delay of MnS inclusions precipitation and the decrease of inclusion number, and finally helps to inhibit the precipitation of primary carbides. It implies that the ANF-8 is the promising slag for the ESR process of H13 steel.
Integrability-preserving regularizations of Laplacian Growth
Authors: Teodorescu Razvan
Published: February 2020

The Laplacian Growth (LG) model is known as a universality class of scale-free aggregation models in two dimensions, characterized by classical integrability and featuring finite-time boundary singularity formation. A discrete counterpart, Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (or DLA), has a similar local growth law, but significantly different global behavior. For both LG and DLA, a proper description for the scaling properties of long-time solutions is not available yet. In this note, we outline a possible approach towards finding the correct theory yielding a regularized LG and its relation to DLA.
Stechmückenübertragene Krankheiten in Zeiten des globalen Wandels
Authors: Beierkuhnlein Carl , Thomas Stephanie Margarete
Published: February 2020

In jüngster Zeit wurden verschiedene stechmückenübertragene Krankheiten erstmalig in Europa autochthon übertragen. Eine Kombination von Veränderungen greift hier ineinander. Zunächst wurden nicht heimische und sich invasiv ausbreitende kompetente Stechmücken (Insekten) nach Europa eingeschleppt. Außerdem nimmt die Reisetätigkeit kontinuierlich zu, und damit die Einschleppung potenziell übertragbarer Pathogene. Der Klimawandel verbessert die Lebensbedingungen der Stechmücken, fördert deren Etablierung in neuen Gebieten und mit wärmeren Temperaturen werden zunehmend Bedingungen für die Krankheitsübertragung erfüllt. Bisher konnten viele solcher Reisekrankheiten nicht übertragen werden, da die kompetenten Vektoren fehlten. Es kann deshalb sein, dass solche Krankheiten nicht richtig oder frühzeitig erkannt werden und somit weitere Übertragungen erfolgen können. Es gilt, solche neuen Risiken durch fächerübergreifende Kommunikation einzugrenzen.
Behandlung von Sportverletzungen mit pflanzlichen Externa
Authors: Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: February 2020

Symphytum officinale L. und Arnica montana L. werden im “Traditional Use” häufig bei Sportverletzungen topisch angewendet. Bei Sportlern sind die Phytotherapeutika wegen entzündungshemmender, schmerzlindernder und abschwellender Wirkungen bei stumpfen Sportverletzungen beliebt. Der Beitrag fasst die aktuelle Datenlage, die Indikationen zusammen und gibt Hinweise zur Dosierung und Applikation.
Zum Gesundheitszustand Hochschulbeschäftigter im Altersgang am Beispiel aerober Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit und der Einfluss sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Wegener Florian , Preuß Hartmut
Published: February 2020

Neben dem natürlichen Alterungsprozess ist insbesondere die körperliche Inaktivität für die Abnahme der Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Altersgang verantwortlich zu machen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung besteht zunächst in der Einschätzung der Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit Hochschulbeschäftigter. Hierfür erfolgt anschließend der Vergleich sportlich aktiver (≥ 2 Stunden Sport / Woche) und inaktiver (< 2 Stunden Sport / Woche) Personen. Die retrospektiv durchgeführte Untersuchung an 218 Rostocker Hochschulbeschäftigten zeigt für die Gesamtstichprobe eine im IPN-Test erhobene leicht überdurchschnittliche Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit. Beginnend mit dem mittleren Erwachsenenalter nimmt diese unabhängig vom Sporttyp deutlich ab (p < 0,05). In den Altersgruppen der 30–44-Jährigen und der 45–60-Jährigen weisen sportlich Aktive wesentlich bessere Werte als sportlich Inaktive auf (p < 0,05). Die Ergebnisse zeigen außerdem, dass Aktive 45–60-Jährige eine annähernd vergleichbare Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit wie die Inaktiven 30–40-Jährigen erreichen. Der altersbedingte Rückgang ab dem mittleren Lebensalter kann nicht gänzlich aufgehalten, aber über sportliche Aktivität um zumindest eine Altersklasse erhalten und deutlich begünstigt werden. Unter Nutzung der vorliegenden Ergebnisse kann die Organisation und Bewertung von Interventionen zur Gesundheitsförderung im Hochschulwesen gezielter erfolgen.
A qualidade da alimentação para suprir as necessidades de energia de crianças, jovens e adultos
Authors: de Almeida Carlos Alberto Nogueira , Fernandes Geórgia de Castro
Published: February 2020

O artigo discute sobre a importância da energia na garantia de uma alimentação saudável. São abordadas questões relativas à distribuição da necessidade energética diária, as principais fontes e o balanço energético no ser humano.
Nutrology and type 2 diabetes: Nutrient pathophysiology and the transition from health to disease
Authors: Cersosimo Eugenio , de Oliveira José Eduardo Dutra
Published: February 2020

From a Nutrology point of view, type 2 diabetes is a multi-factorial form of clinical “malnutrition” resulting from the intake of an imbalanced diet in combination with adverse environmental conditions and in the presence of predisposing genetic factors. In this review article, we present evidence of a close association between clinical obesity in a specific genetic background as the pillars of the process underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. We review the basics of the energy balance and the role of fat storage and body distribution in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We describe some molecular aspects of nutrients under normal physiology and during the metabolic and hormonal abnormalities that accompany type 2 diabetes. We conclude with a brief discussion of the principles behind popular dietary recommendations aimed at preventing the full development of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Failure of a single nutrition counseling session for climacteric women
Authors: Santos Roberta Deh Souza , Marchini Julio Sérgio , Iannetta Odilon , Suen Vivian Marques Miguel
Published: February 2020

Background: Due to the alarming growth of obesity over the world, strategies of nutritional guidance are necessary for the treatment and prevention of this disease. Thus, the objective of the present study was to provide a single session of nutritional counseling to a group of climacteric women and to assess the efficacy of this procedure 2 years later and to calculate the concordance between methods that evaluate body composition.

Methods: Anthropometric, dietary and physical activity data were collected from the volunteers studied, who were then counseled about correct eating habits and the importance of physical activity during a single visit lasting 120 minutes. Two years later, the same women were reevaluated on the basis of the same criteria as used for the initial evaluation. Body composition and energy expenditure were assessed by bioelectrical impedance, DXA and indirect calorimetry, and food intake was calculated. Anthropometric measurements were made and laboratory tests were also performed. The initial and final analyses were compared statistically by the Wilcoxon test for paired samples and the St. Laurent test was applied to determine the concordance of the methods for the determination of body composition.

Results: Ten women were followed up during the study period and their mean (±SD) age was 54 ± 8 years at the beginning of the study. The dietary history of the subjects studied showed deficient intake of calcium, vitamins, zinc and fibers both at the beginning and at the end of the study. A greater intake of cholesterol and carbohydrates occurred at the end of the study. The anthropometric measurements and all other body composition measurements remained constant, with concordance between the anthropometric and DXA measurements regarding body mass.

Conclusion: The data show the inefficiency of a single visit or counseling session regarding a change of nutritional habits in these patients, despite the limited number of participants.
Urinary calcium excretion in short bowel syndrome patients receiving cyclic parenteral nutrition: Case report
Authors: Rodella Fernanda , Marchini Júlio Sérgio , Filho Durval Ribas , Padovan Gilberto João , da Silva Santos Andressa Feijó , Suen Vivian Marques Miguel
Published: February 2020

Total parenteral nutrition is essential for the survival of short bowel syndrome patients. However, in the long term it is associated with complications such as metabolic bone disease. This complication has been attributed, among other causes, to an increased urinary calcium loss, which might be related to the amount of aminoacids, glucose and calcium present in the parenteral nutrition solution. Two case reports are here presented showing normal calciuria in short bowel syndrome adults, receiving parenteral nutrition for up to 5 years after extensive bowel resection.
Self-perception of food intake and dietary quality
Authors: da Costa Marcela Ribeiro , Alves Crésio de Aragão Dantas
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Self-perception of dietary quality has been associated with weight and body composition, as well as dietary pattern. Both the gain and maintenance over the long term of excess weight have been frequently associated to dietary and life habits of individuals, which justifies the improvement of assessment methods. Methods: Convenience sample consisting of 14 women who took classes at Contours® gym, aged 18-45 years. Data collection was performed in two stages: the first consisted in the application of questionnaires designed specifically for the research on socioeconomic data, general information on health and the regular use of drugs, self-perception of dietary habits and a 24-hour recall. In the second stage, collection of the 24-hour diet recall was performed. The Revised Diet Quality Index (RDQ-I) was used in the assessment of dietary standards. Results: In the assessment of eating habits, 85.7% of the respondents were classified as healthy. Most of them, 78.57%, rated their dietary pattern as positive, 14.3% were not able to rate it and 7.13% rated it negatively. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that there was a moderate positive correlation between the RDQ-I (Revised Diet Quality Index) and self-perception. Conclusions: There is a statistical significant correlation of dietary pattern and dietary quality.
Síndrome de realimentação em pacientes hospitalizados: série de casos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Caldas Alexandre Curvelo , Alves Juliana Tepedino Martins
Published: February 2020

A síndrome de realimentação (SR) é uma complicação da terapia nutrológica subdiagnosticada em que múltiplos sistemas podem ser afetados, incluindo: cardiovascular, respiratório, hematológico, musculoesquelético e neurológico. Algumas das principaiscaracterísticas são ahipervolemia, aqueda do nível sérico de eletrólitos, principalmente os de predominância intracelular (fósforo, magnésio e potássio), aalteração do metabolismo da glicose (hiperglicemia) e deficiência de vitaminas e oligoelementos. O objetivo desse estudoé realizar umbreve relato de uma série de casos clínicos correlacionando-os com dados da literatura revisada.
Nutrologia: Análise e Avaliação da Composição e Cinética de Nutrientes em Diversos Compartimentos e Tecidos do Organismo Humano
Authors: Cersósimo Eugênio , Junqueira-Franco Márcia Varella Morandi , de Oliveira José Eduardo Dutra
Published: February 2020

Nutrologia é uma especialidade médica reconhecida no Brasil pela Associação Médica Brasileira e pelas Autoridades da Saúde Brasileira, que estuda as funções dos nutrientesda alimentação na saúde, nas doenças e na prevenção de doenças. A Nutrologia na prática médica clinica estuda também o relevante papel dos nutrientes no diagnostico clínico, funcional, bioquímico e no tratamento farmacológico, alimentar (dietético) de pacientes e na prevenção das doenças nutricionais (nutropatias). Obesidade, aterosclerose, dislipidemias, diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão, certos tipos de câncer, dislipidemias, deficiências de minerais e vitaminas são alguns exemplos de doenças que envolvem primária ou secundariamente distúrbios na ingestão ou metabolismo de nutrientes. Durante o curso dessas doenças ocorrem distúrbios nutricionais característicos, específicos relacionados à ingestão e ao metabolismo de nutrientes e que podem afetar vários ou partes específicas de nosso organismo e devem necessariamente envolver para a sua avaliação médica clínica, diagnostico e tratamento. Não é possível na clinica, em medicina, em nutrologia fazer o tratamento de doenças sem o diagnostico clinico, funcional e bioquímico.

Uma avaliação nutrológica completa e especializada, além da historia médica clínica nutricional, incluem dados específicos sobre a alimentação familiar, atual e pregressa do paciente desde o nascimento, exame médico pertinente com ênfase na funçao e fisiopatologia de nutrientes, na transição da saúde para a doença. Ela requer uma série de exames funcionais, bioquímicos, nutrogenétidos/ nutrogenômicos, histológicos e fisiológicos dos nutrientes nos diversos compartimentos do corpo humano. Nesta análise que deve sempre ser personalisada, procura-se integrar os processos de ingestão, absorção e metabolismo dos macro e micro-nutrientes, assim como a utilização, o armazenamento e a eliminação dos vários produtos e metabolismo nutricional em cada paciente. Tambem é fundamental estabelecer-se as propriedades estruturais e funcionais dos nutrientes com ênfase na relação destes com as funções básicas dos órgãos e tecidos do organismo. Este tipo de conhecimento integrado facilita então investigações mais especificas e precisas de repercussões fisiopatológicas que acompanham os distúrbios dos nutrientes e modificam processos biológicos essenciais à vida. O resultado final desta investigação clínica nutrológica permite uma atualização e um desenvolvimento de programas mais eficazes na prevenção e tratamento clínico de nutropatias, individuais e comunitárias, que estão diretamente ou indiretamente ligadas a distúrbios dos processos orgânicos de nutrientes.
Micronutrientes e Diminuição do Estresse Oxidativo nos Espermatozoides
Authors: Ciattei Alexandre Plaza
Published: February 2020

A integridade do espermatozoide no fluido seminal com seus parâmetros (motilidade, concentração, morfologia e vitalidade) é importante para a função reprodutiva. O estresse oxidativo pode afetar negativamente a qualidade do sêmen, provocando danos e disfunção dos espermatozoides. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com base no Pubmed buscando estudos que tiveram como objetivo melhorar a qualidade dos espermatozoides com uso de antioxidantes. A utilização de algumas vitaminas e minerais parece influenciar a qualidade seminal. Dados da literatura sobre o uso oral isolado ou combinado desses micronutrientes na melhoria dos parâmetros seminais e eventual fertilidade ainda são limitados e escassos. Dessaforma, torna-se imprescindível o desenvolvimento de novos estudos, que possibilitem definições de dosagens de micronutrientes, bem como suas combinações na melhora da qualidade do esperma. Podendo assim, o uso de antioxidantes orais se revelar como uma estratégia promissora de tratamento não invasivo que reduza a necessidade da utilização de técnicas de reprodução assistida, propiciando menor custo no manejo da infertilidade masculina.
Avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes atendidos em ambulatório de neuropsiquiatria infantil
Authors: Brito Thaisa Martins , Rosenthal Izadora Arrais , de Souza Cristiane Simões Bento
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: O estudo visou identificar a prevalência de doenças psiquiátricas e estado nutricional de pacientes atendidos em ambulatório de neuropsiquiatria infantil, entre abril de 2013 e julho de 2015.

Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal de prevalência. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Obtidos de prontuários médicos dados de idade, sexo, peso e altura, diagnóstico e medicações em uso. Índice de Massa Corporal (Peso / altura2) analisado pelos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).

Resultados: Analisados prontuários de 381 pacientes, com idade entre 3 e 19 anos (média = 11), 270 do sexo masculino e 111 do feminino. O estado nutricional predominante foi a magreza, principalmente em pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade TDAH (50%). Sobrepeso e obesidade foram prevalentes em pacientes com retardo mental (46%). O TDAH (n = 180; 47,5%) foi o diagnóstico prevalente. O TDAH foi prevalente no sexo masculino (n= 147; 54,8%) e retardo mental no feminino (n= 34; 30,6%). 0,5% dos pacientes eram pré-escolares, 26,3% escolares e 73,2% adolescentes. Quanto a medicações, 21,2% (n= 81) usavam Metilfenidato e 11,8% (n= 45) Risperidona.

Conclusão: Na população estudada é prevalente a magreza, enquanto na população saudável de mesma idade prevalecem o sobrepeso e a obesidade. Sugere-se realizar novos estudos sobre o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes com distúrbios psiquiátricos que direcionem a elaboração de estratégias de atendimento multidisciplinar englobando aspectos nutricionais na assistência eficaz e integral destes pacientes.
Terapia nutricional de quilotórax bilateral secundário à doença de Hodgkin: um relato de caso
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Maria Nogueira Rauen , Pereira Ana Carolina Gomes
Published: February 2020

O quilotórax é definido como o acúmulo de fluido rico em triglicerídeos no espaço pleural. Trata-se de uma condição com diversas etiologias possíveis, sendo seu prognóstico ruim e mortalidade elevada quando associado às doenças malignas. O presente relato descreve um caso raro de quilotórax bilateral em paciente do sexo masculino de 59 anos, secundário ao linfoma de Hodgkin recidivado, com ênfase em seu manejo nutricional. Devido à presença de desnutrição moderada previamente à internação, definida pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global, optou-se pelo início de nutrição parenteral periférica exclusiva associada à quimioterapia, com melhora significativa do quadro clínico. Triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM) por via oral não foram ofertados.
O que podemos fazer para evitar as doenças inflamatórias intestinais? A importância da microbiota
Authors: Oba Jane
Published: February 2020

As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) são doenças crônicas, multifatoriais, idiopáticas, caracterizadas pela inflamação crônica recidivante do trato gastrointestinal. As DII abrangem duas principais doenças, a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e a Doença de Crohn (DC). A RCU é caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica da mucosa, limitada ao cólon, enquanto que a Doença de Crohnpode ocorrer em qualquer local do trato gastrointestinal e é caracterizada por uma inflamação focal, transmural. O curso clínico da RCU e DC é caracterizado por períodos de remissão alternados com exacerbação da doença e manifestações extra intestinais. É a interação mútua entre os fatores ambientais, os fatores imunológicos, os genes e a microbiota, que induz a doença. Todavia a sua etiopatogenia está longe de ser totalmente esclarecida. Nos últimos anos foram publicados vários estudos sobre as alterações da microbiota nesses pacientes demonstrando a importância desse fator. Conhecer os fatores de risco ambientais corrobora para o planejamento internacional na utilização de recursos para a saúde, iniciativas de pesquisa e podem ser um potencial alvo terapêutico, como foi exposto no último ESPGHAN 2016.