bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SnapEnsemFS: a snapshot ensembling-based deep feature selection model for colorectal cancer histological analysis
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumitri , Singh Pawan Kumar , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal , Kim SeongKi , Sarkar Ram
Published: June 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed annually, and the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Early diagnosis of this ailment is vital for preventing the tumours to spread and plan treatment to possibly eradicate the disease. However, population-wide screening is stunted by the requirement of medical professionals to analyse histological slides manually. Thus, an automated computer-aided detection (CAD) framework based on deep learning is proposed in this research that uses histological slide images for predictions. Ensemble learning is a popular strategy for fusing the salient properties of several models to make the final predictions. However, such frameworks are computationally costly since it requires the training of multiple base learners. Instead, in this study, we adopt a snapshot ensemble method, wherein, instead of the traditional method of fusing decision scores from the snapshots of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, we extract deep features from the penultimate layer of the CNN model. Since the deep features are extracted from the same CNN model but for different learning environments, there may be redundancy in the feature set. To alleviate this, the features are fed into Particle Swarm Optimization, a popular meta-heuristic, for dimensionality reduction of the feature space and better classification. Upon evaluation on a publicly available colorectal cancer histology dataset using a five-fold cross-validation scheme, the proposed method obtains a highest accuracy of 97.60% and F1-Score of 97.61%, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods on the same dataset. Further, qualitative investigation of class activation maps provide visual explainability to medical practitioners, as well as justifies the use of the CAD framework in screening of colorectal histology. Our source codes are publicly accessible at:https://github.com/soumitri2001/SnapEnsemFS.
High efficiency carbon nanotubes-based single-atom catalysts for nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Kai , Xie Yunhao , Liu Sitong , Chen Liang , Xu Jing
Published: June 2023

Carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) have received increasing attention due to their sustainable, efficient, and green advantages. However, at present, the research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based NRR catalysts is very limited. In this paper, using FeN3@(n, 0) CNTs (n = 3 ~ 10) as the representative catalysts, we demonstrate that the CNT curvatures will affect the spin polarization of the catalytic active centers, the activation of the adsorbed N2 molecules and the Gibbs free energy barriers for the formation of the critical intermediates in the NRR processes, thus changing the catalytic performance of CNT-based catalysts. Zigzag (8, 0) CNT was taken as the optimal substrate, and twenty transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Ir, and Pt) were embedded into (8, 0) CNT via N3 group to construct the NRR catalysts. Their electrocatalytic performance for NRR were examined using DFT calculations, and TcN3@(8, 0) CNT was screened out as the best candidate with a low onset potential of − 0.53 V via the distal mechanism, which is superior to the molecules- or graphene-support Tc catalysts. Further electronic properties analysis shows that the high NRR performance of TcN3@(8, 0) CNT originates from the strong d-2π* interaction between the N2 molecule and Tc atom. TcN3@(8, 0) CNT also exhibits higher selectivity for NRR than the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. The present work not only provides a promising catalyst for NRR, but also open up opportunities for further exploring of low-dimensional carbon-based high efficiency electrochemical NRR catalysts.
Evaluating the power of a recent method for comparing two circular distributions: an alternative to the Watson U2 test
Authors: Ruxton Graeme D. , Malkemper E. Pascal , Landler Lukas
Published: June 2023

Some data are collected on circular (rather than linear) scales. Often researchers are interested in comparing two samples of such circular data to test the hypothesis that they came from the same underlying population. Recently, we compared 18 statistical approaches to testing such a hypothesis, and recommended two as particularly effective. A very recent publication introduced a novel statistical approach that was claimed to outperform the methods that we had indicated were highest performing. However, the evidence base for this claim was limited. Here we perform simulation studies to offer a more detailed comparison of the new “Angular Randomisation Test” (ART) with existing tests. We expand previous evaluations in two ways: exploring small and medium sized samples, and exploring a range of different shapes for the underlying distribution(s). We find that the ART controls type I error rates at the nominal level. The ART had greater power than established methods in detecting a difference in underlying distribution caused by a shift around the circle. Its performance advantage in this case was strongest when samples where small and unbalanced in size. When the difference between underlying unimodal distributions was in shape rather than central tendency, then the ART was at least as good (and sometimes considerably more powerful) than the established methods, except when distributions samples were small and uneven in size, and the smaller sample came from a more concentrated underlying distribution. In such cases its power could be markedly inferior to established alternatives. The ART was also inferior to alternatives in dealing with axially distributed data. We conclude that under widely-encountered circumstances the ART test can be recommended for its simplicity of implementation, but researchers should be aware of situations where it cannot be recommended.
Electrospun cellulose acetate/activated carbon composite modified by EDTA (rC/AC-EDTA) for efficient methylene blue dye removal
Authors: Elmaghraby Nehad A. , Omer Ahmed M. , Kenawy El-Refaie , Gaber Mohamed , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Hossain Ismail , El Nemr Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The present study fabricated regenerated cellulose nanofiber incorporated with activated carbon and functionalized rC/AC3.7 with EDTA reagent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The rC/AC3.7 was fabricated by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA) with activated carbon (AC) solution followed by deacetylation. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied to prove the chemical structures. In contrast, BET, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses were applied to study the fiber diameter and structure morphology, the thermal properties and the surface properties of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. The CA was successfully deacetylated to give regenerated cellulose nanofiber/activated carbon, and then ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride was used to functionalize the fabricated nanofiber composite. The rC/AC3.7-EDTA, rC/AC5.5-EDTA and rC/AC6.7-EDTA were tested for adsorption of MB dye with maximum removal percentages reaching 97.48, 90.44 and 94.17%, respectively. The best circumstances for batch absorption experiments of MB dye on rC/AC3.7-EDTA were pH 7, an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and a starting MB dye concentration of 20 mg/L for 180 min of contact time, with a maximum removal percentage of 99.14%. The best-fit isotherm models are Temkin and Hasely. The outcome of isotherm models illustrates the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model (LIM). The maximal monolayer capacity Qm determined from the linear LIM is 60.61 for 0.5 g/L of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. However, based on the results from error function studies, the generalized isotherm model has the lowest accuracy. The data obtained by the kinetic models’ studies exposed that the absorption system follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOM) throughout the absorption period.
Effect of solar proton events on test mass for gravitational wave detection in the 24th solar cycle
Authors: Han Ruilong , Cai Minghui , Yang Tao , Xu Liangliang , Xia Qing , Jia Xinyu , Gao Dawei , Han Jianwei
Published: June 2023

Free-falling cubic Test Masses (TMs) are a key component of the interferometer used for low-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detection in space. However, exposure to energetic particles in the environment can lead to electrostatic charging of the TM, resulting in additional electrostatic and Lorentz forces that can impact GW detection sensitivity. To evaluate this effect, the high-energy proton data set of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program was used to analyze TM charging due to Solar Proton Events (SPEs) in the 24th solar cycle. Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, the TM charging process is simulated in a space environment for SPEs falling into three ranges of proton flux: (1) greater than 10 pfu and less than 100 pfu, (2) greater than 100 pfu and less than 1000 pfu, and (3) greater than 1000 pfu. It is found that SPEs charging can reach the threshold within 535 s to 18.6 h, considering a reasonable discharge threshold of LISA and Taiji. We demonstrate that while there is a somewhat linear correlation between the net charging rate of the TM and the integrated flux of $$\ge$$
≥
 10 MeV SPEs, there are many cases in which the integrated flux is significantly different from the charging rate. Therefore, we investigate the difference between the integral flux and the charging rate of SPEs using the charging efficiency assessment method. Our results indicate that the energy spectrum structure of SPEs is the most important factor influencing the charging rate. Lastly, we evaluate the charging probability of SPEs in the 24th solar cycle and find that the frequency and charging risk of SPEs are highest in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th years, which can serve as a reference for future GW detection spacecraft.
Sex-specific effects of Cre expression in Syn1Cre mice
Authors: Baghdadi Maarouf , Mesaros Andrea , Purrio Martin , Partridge Linda
Published: June 2023

The Cre-loxP system has been used to generate cell-type specific mutations in mice, allowing researchers to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms of disease. However, the Cre-recombinase alone can induce phenotypes that confound comparisons among genotypes if the appropriate Cre control is not included. In this study, we characterised behavioural, morphological and metabolic phenotypes of the pan-neuronal Syn1Cre line. We found that these mice possess intact neuromuscular parameters but have reduced exploratory activity and a male-specific increase in anxiety-like behaviour. Moreover, we observed a male-specific deficit in learning and long-term memory of Syn1Cre mice that could be a result of decreased visual acuity. Furthermore, we found that over-expression of human growth hormone (hGH) from Syn1Cre results in a male-specific reduction in body weight and femur length, potentially through decreased hepatic Igf1 expression. However, metabolic characteristics of Syn1Cre mice such as glucose metabolism, energy expenditure and feeding were unaffected by the presence of Syn1Cre. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Syn1Cre expression has effects on behavioural and morphological traits. This finding highlights the importance of including the Cre control in all comparisons, while the male-specific effects on some phenotypes highlight the importance of including both sexes.
The theory of mind and human–robot trust repair
Authors: Esterwood Connor , Robert Lionel P.
Published: June 2023

Nothing is perfect and robots can make as many mistakes as any human, which can lead to a decrease in trust in them. However, it is possible, for robots to repair a human’s trust in them after they have made mistakes through various trust repair strategies such as apologies, denials, and promises. Presently, the efficacy of these trust repairs in the human–robot interaction literature has been mixed. One reason for this might be that humans have different perceptions of a robot’s mind. For example, some repairs may be more effective when humans believe that robots are capable of experiencing emotion. Likewise, other repairs might be more effective when humans believe robots possess intentionality. A key element that determines these beliefs is mind perception. Therefore understanding how mind perception impacts trust repair may be vital to understanding trust repair in human–robot interaction. To investigate this, we conducted a study involving 400 participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to determine whether mind perception influenced the effectiveness of three distinct repair strategies. The study employed an online platform where the robot and participant worked in a warehouse to pick and load 10 boxes. The robot made three mistakes over the course of the task and employed either a promise, denial, or apology after each mistake. Participants then rated their trust in the robot before and after it made the mistake. Results of this study indicated that overall, individual differences in mind perception are vital considerations when seeking to implement effective apologies and denials between humans and robots.
Trophic ecology of Angolan cold-water coral reefs (SE Atlantic) based on stable isotope analyses
Authors: Vinha Beatriz , Rossi Sergio , Gori Andrea , Hanz Ulrike , Pennetta Antonio , De Benedetto Giuseppe E. , Mienis Furu , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Hebbeln Dierk , Wienberg Claudia , Titschack Jürgen , Freiwald André , Piraino Stefano , Orejas Covadonga
Published: June 2023

Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs of the Angolan margin (SE Atlantic) are dominated by Desmophyllum pertusum and support a diverse community of associated fauna, despite hypoxic conditions. In this study, we use carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) to decipher the trophic network of this relatively unknown CWC province. Although fresh phytodetritus is available to the reef, δ15N signatures indicate that CWCs (12.90 ± 1.00 ‰) sit two trophic levels above Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) (4.23 ± 1.64 ‰) suggesting that CWCs are highly reliant on an intermediate food source, which may be zooplankton. Echinoderms and the polychaete Eunice norvegica occupy the same trophic guild, with high δ13C signatures (-14.00 ± 1.08 ‰) pointing to a predatory feeding behavior on CWCs and sponges, although detrital feeding on 13C enriched particles might also be important for this group. Sponges presented the highest δ15N values (20.20 ± 1.87 ‰), which could be due to the role of the sponge holobiont and bacterial food in driving intense nitrogen cycling processes in sponges’ tissue, helping to cope with the hypoxic conditions of the reef. Our study provides first insights to understand trophic interactions of CWC reefs under low-oxygen conditions.
Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite
Authors: Koczwarska Julia , Pawełczyk Agnieszka , Dunaj-Małyszko Justyna , Polaczyk Justyna , Welc-Falęciak Renata
Published: June 2023

Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are sporadically removed from human skin and therefore the medical consequences of their feeding are neglected compared to Ixodes ricinus. We investigated the prevalence of pathogens in D. reticulatus removed from human skin and possible clinical manifestations suggestive of tick-borne diseases after a tick bite. A total of 2153 ticks were studied and of these only 34 were D. reticulatus. The mean prevalence of Rickettsia in D. reticulatus was 50.0% and R. raoultii was identified in 82.4% of infected D. reticulatus ticks. We confirmed the first case of R. aeschlimannii infection in D. reticulatus ticks. Among participants bitten by D. reticulatus, 13.3% reported reddening around the tick bite site and flu-like symptoms, including lymphadenopathy and 3.3% reported eschar on the tick site bite. All of the participants with flu-like symptoms after tick removal were bitten by ticks infected with R. raoultii. The results of this study indicate that even though D. reticulatus ticks bite humans sporadically, pathogenic Rickettsia have a remarkably high prevalence in this tick species. We can expect that the incidence of tick-borne lymphadenopathy might increase with the reported expansion of the D. reticulatus into new areas and its growing abundance in Central Europe.
Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control: an 8-year follow-up study from rural North India
Authors: Longkumer Imnameren , Yadav Suniti , Rajkumari Sunanda , Saraswathy Kallur Nava
Published: June 2023

Hypertension is a major contributor to global CVD burden. LMICs including India is challenged with rising hypertension prevalence, yet limited studies are available on temporal change and incidence among community-cohorts. This study aimed to describe trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control over 8 years among a rural community-cohort from Haryana, India. The study also lends towards an analysis of incidence. Adults ≥ 30 years (N = 1542) recruited during baseline cross-sectional study between 2011 and 2014 were followed up after a median 8.1 years. At endline, demographic/lifestyle characteristics and blood pressure were re-examined. Overall median SBP significantly increased from 120 mmHg at baseline to 125.5 mmHg at endline (p < 0.001), while hypertension prevalence increased from 34.4% (95% CI 32.0–36.9) to 40.4% (95% CI 37.5–43.4) (p = 0.002). Age-standardized hypertension incidence was 30.2% (95% CI 26.7–35.2) over 8 years. Among hypertensive group, awareness, treatment, and control increased from 9.6, 8.8 and 5.0% to 31.8, 27.3 and 9.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Increasing trend in SBP and hypertension prevalence was observed as the cohort ages. This increase is supported by the high incidence of hypertension. Nevertheless, our study highlights positive trends in hypertension care cascade but poor control, suggesting that this trend may not be adequately impactful to reduce hypertension burden.
Climate resilience of dry season cereals in India
Authors: DeFries Ruth , Liang Shefang , Chhatre Ashwini , Davis Kyle Frankel , Ghosh Subimal , Rao Narasimha D. , Singh Deepti
Published: June 2023

India is the world’s second largest producer of wheat, with more than 40% increase in production since 2000. Increasing temperatures raise concerns about wheat’s sensitivity to heat. Traditionally-grown sorghum is an alternativerabi(winter season) cereal, but area under sorghum production has declined more than 20% since 2000. We examine sensitivity of wheat and sorghum yields to historical temperature and compare water requirements in districts where both cereals are cultivated. Wheat yields are sensitive to increases in maximum daily temperature in multiple stages of the growing season, while sorghum does not display the same sensitivity. Crop water requirements (mm) are 1.4 times greater for wheat than sorghum, mainly due to extension of its growing season into summer. However, water footprints (m3per ton) are approximately 15% less for wheat due to its higher yields. Sensitivity to future climate projections, without changes in management, suggests 5% decline in wheat yields and 12% increase in water footprints by 2040, compared with 4% increase in water footprint for sorghum. On balance, sorghum provides a climate-resilient alternative to wheat for expansion inrabicereals. However, yields need to increase to make sorghum competitive for farmer profits and efficient use of land to provide nutrients.
Utility of a rapid assay for prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite as a biomarker in pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hagiwara Shin-ichiro , Abe Naoki , Hosoi Kenji , Hara Tomoko , Ishige Takashi , Shimizu Hirotaka , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Kunisaki Reiko , Matsuoka Ryo , Kondou Hiroki , Kakuta Fumihiko , Nakayama Yoshiko , Kimura Takeshi , Maeyama Takatoshi , Honma Hitoshi , Hirano Daishi , Saruta Masayuki , Yoshida Tsutomu , Okayasu Isao , Etani Yuri
Published: June 2023

Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM) is a urinary biomarker reflecting ulcerative colitis (UC) activity. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PGE-MUM via rapid chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay in detecting endoscopic remission (ER) and histologic remission (HR) in pediatric UC (6–16 years) in comparison with fecal calprotectin (FCP). ER and HR were defined as Mayo endoscopic score (MES) of 0 and Matts’ histological grades (Matts) of 1 or 2, respectively. A total of 104 UC and 39 functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) were analyzed. PGE-MUM levels were significantly higher in the UC group than in the FGID group (P < 0.001). FCP levels were significantly elevated in the group without ER and HR than in the group with ER and HR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001), whereas PGE-MUM levels were significantly higher in the group without ER compared to the group with ER (P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the AUCs for PGE-MUM and FCP in detecting ER and HR. Although PGE-MUM was inferior to FCP for the detection of HR, it might have the potential for application as a biomarker of endoscopic activity in pediatric UC owing to its noninvasive and rapid method.
Radiocesium-bearing microparticles discovered on masks worn during indoor cleaning
Authors: Higaki Shogo , Yoshida-Ohuchi Hiroko , Shinohara Naohide
Published: June 2023

A decade has passed since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on March 11, 2011. However, radioactive particles have recently been detected in the indoor air of some residences near the FDNPP. Following the recommendations of previous research, we determined the presence of radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs) and measured the radioactivity of radiocesium that adhered on non-woven face masks worn by six persons during the indoor cleaning of 59 residences in Namie, Futaba, Okuma, and Tomioka towns in Fukushima Prefecture. Of the 284 masks worn in this study, significant 137Cs radioactivity was detected in 268, and 44 new CsMPs were discovered in 28. The results of this study also suggest the presence of highly concentrated soluble radiocesium particles or soluble radioactive cesium aerosols adhered to house dust. This implies that the CsMPs constituted a large proportion of radioactivity in the indoor air contamination for particles in the 1.0–2.5 µm size range due to the radioactive radiocesium particles. It is desirable to wear masks during cleaning to prevent inhalation of CsMPs.
The influence of lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a matched pair analysis
Authors: Becker Luis , Hipfl Christian , Schömig Friederike , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian , Pumberger Matthias , Leopold Vincent Justus
Published: June 2023

Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are the most common congenital alteration of the lumbo-sacral junction and known to significantly influence pelvic anatomy. However, the influence of LSTV on dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the surgical treatment by periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) remains unknown. We retrospectively examined standardized standing anterior–posterior pelvic radiographs of 170 patients in 185 PAO procedures. Radiographs were examined for LSTV, lateral-central-edge-angle (LCEA), Tönnis-angle (TA), femoral-head-extrusion index (FHEI), and anterior-wall-index (AWI) and posterior-wall-index (PWI). Patients with LSTV were compared to an age- and sex-matched control group. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) were evaluated pre- and in the mean 63.0 months (range 47–81 months) postoperatively. 43 patients (25.3%) had LSTV. Patients with LSTV had significantly greater PWI (p = 0.025) compared to the matched control group. No significant differences were seen in AWI (p = 0.374), LCEA (p = 0.664), TA (p = 0.667), and FHEI (p = 0.886). Between the two groups, no significant differences were detected in pre- or postoperative PROMs. Due to the increased dorsal femoral head coverage in patients with LSTV and DDH compared to patients with sole DDH, a more pronounced ventral tilting might be performed in those patients with prominent posterior wall sign to avoid anterior undercoverage, which is a significant predictor for premature conversion to hip arthroplasty after PAO. However, anterior overcoverage or acetabular retroversion must be avoided due to the risk of femoroacetabular impingement. Patients with LSTV reported similar functional outcomes and activity after PAO as the control group. Therefore, even for patients with concomitant LSTV, which are frequent with one-fourth in our cohort, PAO is an efficient treatment option to improve clinical symptoms caused by DDH.
Data mining on identifying diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in head and neck squamous carcinoma
Authors: Ju Guoyuan , Yao Zhangyu , Zhao Yanbin , Zhao Xiaotong , Liu Fangzhou
Published: June 2023

Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) induces high cancer-related death worldwide. The biomarker screening on diagnosis and prognosis is of great importance. This research is aimed to explore the specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HNSC through bioinformatics analysis. The mutation and dysregulation data were acquired from UCSC Xena and TCGA databases. The top ten genes with mutation frequency in HNSC were TP53 (66%), TTN (35%), FAT1 (21%), CDKN2A (20%), MUC16 (17%), CSMD3 (16%), PIK3CA (16%), NOTCH1 (16%), SYNE1 (15%), LRP1B (14%). A total of 1,060 DEGs were identified, with 396 up-regulated and 665 downregulated in HNSC patients. Patients with lower expression of ACTN2 (P = 0.039, HR = 1.3), MYH1 (P = 0.005, HR = 1.5), MYH2 (P = 0.035, HR = 1.3), MYH7 (P = 0.053, HR = 1.3), and NEB (P = 0.0043, HR = 1.5) exhibit longer overall survival time in HNSC patients. The main DEGs were further analyzed by pan-cancer expression and immune cell infiltration analyses. MYH1, MYH2, and MYH7 were dysregulated in the cancers. Compared with HNSC, their expression levels are lower in the other types of cancers. MYH1, MYH2, and MYH7 were expected to be the specific diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers of HNSC. All five DEGs have a significant positive correlation with CD4+T cells and macrophages.
Human well-being responses to species’ traits
Authors: Fisher J. C. , Dallimer M. , Irvine K. N. , Aizlewood S. G. , Austen G. E. , Fish R. D. , King P. M. , Davies Z. G.
Published: June 2023

People rely on well-functioning ecosystems to provide critical services that underpin human health and well-being. Consequently, biodiversity loss has profound negative implications for humanity. Human–biodiversity interactions can deliver individual-level well-being gains, equating to substantial healthcare cost savings when scaled up across populations. However, critical questions remain about which species and/or traits (for example, colours, sounds and smells) elicit well-being responses. The traits that influence well-being can be considered ‘effect’ traits. Using techniques from community ecology, we have analysed a database of species’ effect traits articulated by people to identify those that generate different types of well-being (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, spiritual and ‘global’ well-being, the latter being akin to ‘whole-person health’). Effect traits have a predominately positive impact on well-being, influenced by the identity and taxonomic kingdom of each species. Different sets of effect traits deliver different types of well-being. However, traits cannot be considered independently of species because multiple traits can be supported by a single species. Indeed, we have found that numerous effect traits from across the ecological community can elicit multiple types of well-being, illustrating the complexity of biodiversity experiences. Our empirical approach can help to implement interdisciplinary thinking for biodiversity conservation and nature-based public health interventions designed to support human well-being.
Functional connectivity gradients of the cingulate cortex
Authors: Shen Yuhao , Cai Huanhuan , Mo Fan , Yao Shanwen , Yu Yongqiang , Zhu Jiajia
Published: June 2023

Heterogeneity of the cingulate cortex is evident in multiple dimensions including anatomy, function, connectivity, and involvement in networks and diseases. Using the recently developed functional connectivity gradient approach and resting-state functional MRI data, we found three functional connectivity gradients that captured distinct dimensions of cingulate hierarchical organization. The principal gradient exhibited a radiating organization with transitions from the middle toward both anterior and posterior parts of the cingulate cortex and was related to canonical functional networks and corresponding behavioral domains. The second gradient showed an anterior–posterior axis across the cingulate cortex and had prominent geometric distance dependence. The third gradient displayed a marked differentiation of subgenual and caudal middle with other parts of the cingulate cortex and was associated with cortical morphology. Aside from providing an updated framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of cingulate heterogeneity, the observed hierarchical organization of the cingulate cortex may constitute a novel research agenda with potential applications in basic and clinical neuroscience.
Silver/chiral pyrrolidinopyridine relay catalytic cycloisomerization/(2 + 3) cycloadditions of enynamides to asymmetrically synthesize bispirocyclopentenes as PDE1B inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Jing , Zhou Jin , Li Yang , Peng Cheng , He Gu , Huang Wei , Zhan Gu , Han Bo
Published: June 2023

Significant progress has been made in asymmetric synthesis through the use of transition metal catalysts combined with Lewis bases. However, the use of a dual catalytic system involving 4-aminopyridine and transition metal has received little attention. Here we show a metal/Lewis base relay catalytic system featuring silver acetate and a modified chiral pyrrolidinopyridine (PPY). It was successfully applied in the cycloisomerization/(2 + 3) cycloaddition reaction of enynamides. Bispirocyclopentene pyrazolone products could be efficiently synthesized in a stereoselective and economical manner (up to >19:1 dr, 99.5:0.5 er). Transformations of the product could access stereodivergent diastereoisomers and densely functionalized polycyclic derivatives. Mechanistic studies illustrated the relay catalytic model and the origin of the uncommon chemoselectivity. In subsequent bioassays, the products containing a privileged drug-like scaffold exhibited isoform-selective phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitory activity in vitro. The optimal lead compound displayed a good therapeutic effect for ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting PDE1 in vivo.
Rice availability and stability in Africa under future socio-economic development and climatic change
Authors: De Vos Koen , Janssens Charlotte , Jacobs Liesbet , Campforts Benjamin , Boere Esther , Kozicka Marta , Havlík Petr , Folberth Christian , Balkovič Juraj , Maertens Miet , Govers Gerard
Published: June 2023

As Africa is facing multiple challenges related to food security, frameworks integrating production and availability are urgent for policymaking. Attention should be given not only to gradual socio-economic and climatic changes but also to their temporal variability. Here we present an integrated framework that allows one to assess the impacts of socio-economic development, gradual climate change and climate anomalies. We apply this framework to rice production and consumption in Africa whereby we explicitly account for the continent’s dependency on imported rice. We show that socio-economic development dictates rice availability, whereas climate change has only minor effects in the long term and is predicted not to amplify supply shocks. Still, rainfed-dominated or self-producing regions are sensitive to local climatic anomalies, while trade dominates stability in import-dependent regions. Our study suggests that facilitating agricultural development and limiting trade barriers are key in relieving future challenges to rice availability and stability.
Metal–organic framework glass composites
Authors: Lin Rijia , Chai Milton , Zhou Yinghong , Chen Vicki , Bennett Thomas D. , Hou Jingwei
Published: June 2023

This tutorial review presents an overview of the emerging metal–organic framework glass nanocomposite materials with special emphasis on demonstrating configuration, fabrication, and interfacial engineering techniques.
A colorimetric chemosensor for sensitive and selective detection of copper(ii) ions based on catalytic oxidation of 1-naphthylamine
Authors: Cai Rui , Shoukat Chaudhary Ammar , Zhang Chenqi , Gao Xinshuang , Li Hanbo , Chen Jiaqi , Ji Yinglu , Wu Xiaochun
Published: June 2023

A colorimetric Cu2+chemosensor is developed based on the oxidative polymerization of 1-naphthylamineviaa Cu–Fenton mechanism for signal amplification.
Molecular nanoarchitectonics of proton triggered tetraphenylethylene-based detector: colorimetric, reversible, and intracellular pH
Authors: Mirgane Harshad A. , More Kerba S. , Rode Ambadas B. , Puyad Avinash L. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: June 2023

Probe 1 exhibited optical, colorimetric reversible pH sensing and intracellular fluorescent cell imaging under UV and visible light when subjected to TFA and TEA. Probe 1 shows practical applications when exposed on TLC plates and cotton buds.
CD38-selective immuno-nano-DM1 conjugates for depleting multiple myeloma
Authors: Yuan Qin , Fan Daoyang , Zhang Yifan , Yue Shujing , Cheng Ru , Zhong Zhiyuan , Sun Huanli
Published: June 2023

A daratumumab-polymersome-DM1 conjugate (DPDC) based CD38-selective immuno-nano-DM1 toxin was engineered for potent and safe depletion of multiple myeloma (MM) in vivo, thus alleviating osteolytic bone lesion and extending the survival of mice.
Hirshfeld atom refinement of metal–organic frameworks for accurate positioning of hydrogen atoms and disorder analysis
Authors: Xu Yizhi , Chodkiewicz Michał L. , Woińska Magdalena , Trzybiński Damian , Brekalo Ivana , Topić Filip , Woźniak Krzysztof , Arhangelskis Mihails
Published: June 2023

The application of Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) fragmentation is demonstrated for the refinement of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystal structures.
A physical model of a supercapacitor to reveal the mechanism of the voltage recovery phenomenon
Authors: Liu Danian , Kirk Donald W. , Jia Charles Q.
Published: June 2023

After rapid discharge to 0 V the stored electrons must be equal to ionic charge at the interface, but the electronic voltage partially recovers with time.
An electrochemical cascade process: synthesis of 3-selenylindoles from 2-alkynylanilines with diselenides
Authors: Dapkekar Anil Balajirao , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: June 2023

Herein, we present an efficient method for synthesizing 3-selenylindoles through an electrochemically driven oxidative cyclization of 2-alkynylanilines with diselenides under mild reaction conditions in an electrochemical undivided cell setup.
Micropore-induced high-performance Fe–Nx/C electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Qin Yeshen , Wang Feng , Cheng De , Wen Chen , Zhang Jiaqiang , Li Sizhen , Bai Jingying
Published: June 2023

Fe–Nx moieties modified carbons (Fe–Nx/C) have been considered to be a promising substitute for Pt/C to electrocatalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Enhancing the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of PEO-based solid electrolytes through thermal pre-stretching treatment
Authors: Zhang Lifa , Fu Liang , Qin Weisi , He Yaolong , Liu Hong , Hu Hongjiu
Published: June 2023

Applying 50–80% pre-strain to PEO composites by thermal stretching is preferred for improving cell cycling performance, as it can significantly increase through-plane conductivity, in-plane strength and stiffness while keeping compressive stiffness.
White-light-emitting Ln-hydrogels with multi-stimuli responsiveness and applications in environmental sensing and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Xiao-Juan , Mo Hong-Lin , Wei Chuan-Wan , Gao Shu-Qin , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: June 2023

White light emitting (WLE) soft materials with multi-stimuli responsive properties were constructed. The prepared WLE hydrogels can be used for environmental sensing and anti-counterfeiting.
Correlation-driven topological phase transition in 2D valleytronic materials: a mini-review
Authors: Guo Xiao-Shu , Guo San-Dong
Published: June 2023

The ferrovalley semiconductors (FVS) to half-valley-metal (HVM) to valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall insulator (VQAHI) to HVM to FVS transitions can be driven by increasing electron correlation U in some special 2D valleytronic materials.
Photochemical properties of a potential interstellar dust precursor: the electronic spectrum of Si3O2+
Authors: Studemund Taarna , Pollow Kai , Förstel Marko , Dopfer Otto
Published: June 2023

The electronic photodissociation spectrum of Si3O2+ represents the first optical spectrum measured for any SinOm+ cation and is assigned by density functional theory calculations.
Mordenite-stabilised rhenium catalyst for partial oxidation of methane to syngas
Authors: Li Lingcong , Shrotri Abhijit , Kato Kazuya , Fukuoka Atsushi , Kobayashi Hirokazu
Published: June 2023

A proton-type mordenite facilitates the reduction of hepta-valent Re species. The reduced Re species show a good catalytic activity toward the direct partial oxidation of CH4 to CO and subsequent reforming reactions.
Novel dinuclear NHC–gold(i)-amido complexes and their application in energy transfer photocatalysis
Authors: Ma Xinyuan , Voloshkin Vladislav A. , Martynova Ekaterina A. , Beliš Marek , Peng Min , Villa Marco , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Janssens Wim , Van Hecke Kristof , Ceroni Paola , Nolan Steven P.
Published: June 2023

The development of efficient and operationally simple synthetic routes to dinuclear gold(i)-amido complexes bearing aromatic/aliphatic-bridges are reported.
A β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic framework as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles by cyclization reaction
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Chen Zhicheng , Tong Huixin , Ji Mengmeng , Chu Wenyi
Published: June 2023

A series of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and their derivatives were prepared in high yields by visible light-induced intramolecular cyclization under mild conditions using TAPT-TP-COF as a photocatalyst.
Protein nanoarrays using the annexin A5 two-dimensional crystal on supported lipid bilayers
Authors: Kominami Hiroaki , Hirata Yoshiki , Yamada Hirofumi , Kobayashi Kei
Published: June 2023

We fabricated streptavidin nanoarray using annexin A5 two-dimensional crystal as a template. We demonstrate specific binding of biotinylated molecules to the streptavidin proteins in the nanoarray.
The effect of gallic acid on the copper(ii) complex ofN-(methylpyridin-2-yl)-amidino-O-methylurea: crystal structure, DNA interactions,in vitrocytotoxicity and antibacterial activity
Authors: Nonkuntod Prangtip , Boonmak Jaursup , Senawong Thanaset , Soikum Chaiyaporn , Chaveerach Prapansak , Watwiangkham Athis , Suthirakun Suwit , Chaveerach Unchulee
Published: June 2023

A new copper(ii) complex containing guanidine derivatives and gallic acid (1-HGA) interacted with CT-DNAvianon-intercalation mode. 1-HGA was most active against MCF-7 cancer cells and had greater antibacterial activity than the starting compound.
A Ni–Fe alloy supported by active carbon efficiently promotes the vapor phase catalytic carbonylation of ethanol
Authors: Wang Qichen , Wang Mingyi , Li Xuehao , Liu Peng , Ding Chuanmin , Wang Lian , Wang Junwen , Zhang Kan , Liu Ping
Published: June 2023

STY (mg g−1 h−1)—space-time yield of propionic acid and ethyl propionate. A Ni–Fe/AC catalyst with high dispersion and a high number of active sites promotes vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol.
A tripodal imine-derived Fe(iii) complex for the fluorescence recognition of Mg(ii) via green emission: crystal structure, photophysical interactions and DFT studies
Authors: Das Jayanta , Maji Sangita , Mandal Prasenjit , Ghosh Subhasis , Das Debasis
Published: June 2023

Single crystal X-ray structurally characterized [Fe(iii)–TNESAL] complex of a multi-dentate tripodal imine (N,N′,N′′-tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine-tris-(3-ethoxysalicylideneimine, H3TNESAL) selectively recognizes Mg2+ through green fluorescence.
Preparation of a Cu2O/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity under visible light
Authors: Wang Bo , Wu Lianfeng , Sun Ao , Liu Tengfei , Sun Lifang , Li Wen
Published: June 2023

In this study, a Cu2O/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared through in situ growth of Cu2O nanoparticles on g-C3N4 nanosheets.
A tough, anticorrosive hydrogel consisting of bio-friendly resources for conductive and electromagnetic shielding materials
Authors: Xu Yuhuan , Pei Meng , Du Jingyu , Yang Renyuan , Pan Yong , Zhang Daohai , Qin Shuhao
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the use of sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. Chemical cross-linking creates a high-toughness support structure, forming a corrosion-resistant, high-toughness and electromagnetic shielding hydrogel.
Exploring the solubility and solvation thermodynamics of coumarin in a range of aqua-organic solvents
Authors: Ganai Sintu , Mukherjee Puspal , Mahali Kalachand , Saha Avishek , Hossain Aslam , Soldatov A. V. , Henaish A. M. A. , Ahmed Jahangeer , Roy Sanjay
Published: June 2023

This study presents the solubility and solvation thermodynamics of coumarin in a range of aqua-organic solvent mixtures at various temperatures. The solubility order of coumarin was determined as follows: DMF > DMSO > ACN > H2O.
Increasing porosity in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for low-κinterlayer dielectric
Authors: Song Yanchao , Zhu Shiyuan , Liu Lizhen , Xiang Shengchang , Yao Zizhu , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: June 2023

Herein, two HOFs with different porosities have been obtained by tuning the reaction temperature. The dielectric constant of HOF-FJU-57a at 298 K and 1 MHz is 2.18, which is the first example of an HOF with an ultra-low dielectric constant.
Experimental and computational study of metal oxide nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: a review
Authors: Geldasa Fikadu Takele , Kebede Mesfin Abayneh , Shura Megersa Wodajo , Hone Fekadu Gashaw
Published: June 2023

Photocatalysis is a more proficient technique that involves the breakdown or decomposition of different organic contaminants, various dyes, and harmful viruses and fungi using UV or visible light solar spectrum.
The effect of air on oxidation decomposition of uranium-containing cationic exchange resins in Li2CO3–Na2CO3–K2CO3 molten-salt system
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xue Yun , Yan Yong-De , Li Guo-Qiang , Xu Wen-Da , Ma Fu-Qiu , Liu Xin , Zhang Qing-Guo
Published: June 2023

The peroxide and superoxide ions in a carbonate melt prompted the oxidation decomposition of resins in an air atmosphere. Uranium compounds had the reaction paths of UO3 → UO2.92 → U3O8 and UO3 → K2U2O7 → K2UO4.
S,N-GQD sensitization effect on the improvement of ZnO nanopencil photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Sulaeman Allyn Pramudya , Pratama Rifky Adhia , Pratomo Uji , Irkham  , Matharu Avtar S. , Primadona Indah
Published: June 2023

Electron excitation created in situ S,N-GQDs under visible light irradiation transported to the ZnO Nanopencil spontaneously and improving its PEC water splitting performance.
Exploring the potential of a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based nanofibrous matrix for erythromycin delivery: fabrication,in vitroandin vivoevaluation
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Farasati Far Bahareh , Jahanbakhshi Mehdi , Bahrami Shima , Tamimi Pegah , Sedaghat Meysam , Ghazizadeha Elham
Published: June 2023

Our study demonstrates the successful fabrication of a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based nanofibrous matrix for erythromycin delivery, showing promising results in terms ofin vitrodrug release andin vivoevaluation.
Introducing large-radius elements in layered perovskite for low-voltage lithium storage
Authors: Li Xiao , Xu Diming , Zhou Di , Nan Hu , Pang Shengzhao , Darwish Moustafa Adel , Zhou Tao , Sun Shi-Kuan
Published: June 2023

A layered perovskite oxide, LiSmTO4, has been designed as an anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, delivering low-voltage lithium storage. The doping of large-radius Sm suppress the tilts and facilitate lithium ion mobility.
Highly selective and sensitive detection of methyl mercaptan by heterostructural CdS/(Sr0.6Bi0.305)2Bi2O7 chemiresistor
Authors: Chang Junqing , Hu Chaohao , Deng Zanhong , Li Meng , Shen Chengyin , Wang Shimao , Mi Longqing , Zhang Ruofan , Zhang Qingli , Meng Gang
Published: June 2023

Synergetic effect of multiplying defects and reversible sulfuration–desulfuration reaction endows heterostructural CdS/SBO as a novel high-performance methyl mercaptan chemiresistor.
White light thermoplasmonic activated gold nanorod arrays enable the photo-thermal disinfection of medical tools from bacterial contamination
Authors: Zaccagnini Federica , Radomski Piotr , Sforza Maria Laura , Ziółkowski Pawel , Lim Seok-In , Jeong Kwang-Un , Mikielewicz Dariusz , Godman Nicholas P. , Evans Dean R. , Slagle Jonathan E. , McConney Michael E. , De Biase Daniela , Petronella Francesca , De Sio Luciano
Published: June 2023

AuNRs immobilized on rigid substrates are utilized as thermo-optical transducers under white light irradiation. The achieved temperature increase is suitable for producing photo-thermal disinfection of surgical tools contaminated with E. coli cells.
Pure red CsPbBr0.96I2.04/SiO2 core/shell nanocrystals with simultaneous high efficiency and stability for Mini-LEDs
Authors: Cai Yixin , Yang Yang , Dong Haorui , Xuan Tongtong , Tang Xueyuan , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: June 2023

Pure-red CsPbBr0.96I2.04/SiO2 nanocrystals with excellent optical properties and high stability were synthesize by a hot-injection and in situ hydrolytic process, which have potential applications in Mini-LED backlights.
Exploration of 3D NiCu-layered double hydroxide flowers tailored on a biomass-derived N-doped carbon stick electrode as a binder-less enzyme-free urea sensing probe
Authors: Farithkhan Ameer , Gowthaman N. S. K. , Lim Hong Ngee , Meenakshi S.
Published: June 2023

A 3D flower-like NiCu-layered double hydroxide (NC-LDH) microstructure-decorated N-doped carbon stick electrode (NCSE) was investigated as an environmentally friendly, enzyme-free, low-cost, and disposable urea sensing probe.
Trap engineering using oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lei Yaling , Li Xiaoyan , Liang Jingying , Shi Junzhe , Wei Yunhao , Qin Pingli , Tao Hong , Chen Jianjun , Tan Zuojun , Lei Hongwei
Published: June 2023

We demonstrated an effective trap passivation strategy of using oxygen-doped g-C3N4 to simultaneously heal the Sn dangling bonds and –OH traps in SnO2 ETLs for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Post-synthetic modulation of UiO-66-NH2 with a cobaloxime catalyst for efficient hydrogen production
Authors: Sk Saddam , Shelake Sandip Prabhakar , Dolui Dependu , Karim Suhana , Ghosh Rajib , Jyothirmai M. V. , Sainath Annadanam V. Sesha , Pal Ujjwal , Dutta Arnab
Published: June 2023

Post synthetically-modified UiO-66-NH2 with a molecular cobaloxime [Co(DMG)2Cl2] (DMG = dimethylglyoxime) catalyst displays excellent photo-(404 μmol g−1 h−1) and electrocatalytic H2 evolution activity in an aqueous solution.