bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuestionamientos al uso de agroquímicos en Argentina y el mundo (2000-2020): una revisión
Authors: Celeste Molpeceres María , Zulaica María Laura , Tomaino Valeria Beatriz
Published: February 2023

Este artículo ofrece un recorrido por la bibliografía que cuestiona el modelo de producción convencional, de manera general y el uso de insumos de síntesis química, en particular. Específicamente, centra su interés en los agroquímicos, insumo que ha posibilitado el desarrollo de la agricultura de mercado, pero que, en la actualidad, ha sido centro de controversias a diferentes escalas, por los perjuicios que ocasiona al ambiente. El objetivo principal de la implementación de los agroquímicos consiste en la intensificación productiva, a fin de construir mercados agrícolas globales. Metodológicamente, la revisión bibliográfica procura detectar puntos de convergencia, controversias, áreas de vacancia y prioridades, que contribuyan a la orientación de políticas públicas de desarrollo territorial sustentable. Para ello, se analizan, de manera comparada, publicaciones de investigaciones realizadas, a nivel internacional y en Argentina, durante el período 2000-2020. Si bien los autores seleccionados exponen evidencia sobre la peligrosidad de los agroquímicos para el ser humano, cuestionando el modelo convencional de producción, solo algunos sugieren la reconversión del sistema productivo hacia prácticas de manejo más “amigables” con el ambiente. Otros, sin realizar enunciados propositivos, denuncian el uso de agroquímicos. Dada la expansión de un modelo agropecuario de alta dependencia tecnológica –química y mecánica-, y frente a los crecientes cuestionamientos respecto a los posibles daños en el ambiente y la salud derivados del uso de agroquímicos, se torna necesario revisar el aporte que la investigación social puede realizar en este tema, lo que constituye el fin del presente artículo.
Detecting targeted data poisoning attacks on deep neural networks
Authors:   , Newman Sara
Published: February 2023

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used for various facial image-recognition purposes, including facial recognition and subsequent authentication, and the detection of altered facial images. Unfortunately, due to their widespread use, there have been many works that focus on attacking such DNN-based systems for nefarious purposes. One type of attack on DNNs is called a "targeted data poisoning" attack, which has the goal of injecting photos into the DNNs training set in such a way as to cause the DNN to learn malicious behavior. In the context of facial authentication, this could correspond to unauthorized users gaining access to a target's account, whereas, in deepfake detection, this could translate to causing the DNN to fail to identify when a target's face is the subject of a deepfake image. This report describes targeted data poisoning attacks and proposed defenses on DNN-based systems for facial authentication and deepfake detection, each achieving high accuracy ([greater than] 95 percent) in most cases.
Development of concentration and detection methods for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacterial pathogens in foods
Authors:   , Dhital Rajiv
Published: February 2023

Currently used conventional methods for detection of bacteria in foods are time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for a robust, rapid, and cost-effective method for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Multiplex high-resolution melt-curve (HRM) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be used as an effective technique for rapid and simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens. In this study, two novel multiplex HRM real-time PCR assays were developed for the simultaneous detection of virulence and extended spectrum [beta]-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Salmonella. A total of six virulence and three ESBL genes, which included hilA, fimH, sipA, invA, fimA, stn, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCMY, were detected by the two assays. The application of these assays in detection of Salmonella in foods was tested by artificially spiking 27 different food samples using three different spike levels of Salmonella, viz., 10, 102 and 103 CFU/mL. These assays were able to detect as low as 10 CFU/mL in 25 g of bacterial cells within 10 h of enrichment. In addition, a novel multiplex HRM real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and ESBL-producing E. coli in beef products. The assay targeted stx1, stx2, eaeA, uidA and blaCTX-M genes. A detection limit of 10 CFU in 325 g of beef was obtained within 8 h of enrichment. Moreover, a novel, rapid and efficient technique for upstream bacterial DNA purification and concentration from food matrices was developed. This was accomplished by creating an upstream bacterial DNA isolation and concentration approach using solid phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) paramagnetic beads. By comparing the DNA content, purity, and limit of detection utilizing multiplex HRM PCR created to detect E. coli O157:H7, the effectiveness of the developed approach was assessed with the commercially available immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. The DNA samples isolated and concentrated using the SPRI-based concentration method showed better purity and yield compared to the IMS-based method. Additionally, a detection limit of 10 CFU was attained in the majority of the spiked food samples utilizing DNA samples concentrated using the SPRI-based method in just 4 h as opposed to 6 or more hours using the IMS-based method. The multiplex assay was found to be specific for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. SPRI paramagnetic beads in combination with multiplex HRM real-time PCR can be used to rapidly concentrate and detect E. coli O157:H7 that are present in food samples in low quantities but cannot be detected by conventional culture techniques.
Politics of coalition at Standing Rock
Authors:   , Grossman Kandice L.
Published: February 2023

My research examines the politics of coalition surrounding the 2016-17 Standing Rock movement, led by Oceti Sakowin Tribal members, on the borders of the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota to stop the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). The movement resisted the pipeline in the name of water protection, Indigenous sovereignty, protection of sacred burial grounds, treaty rights, climate justice, and more. Approximately ten months into the movement, it was halted by the US federal government and the pipeline was installed. This study engages with a range of qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with activists and content analysis of documents from TigerSwan, a private military and security contractor hired to surveil the movement. Findings show that for activists in the camps, placework, or place-based protest, strengthened coalition work across social differences, and enacted a "call and response" form of politics, based on shared callings to protect and shared critical responses to settler colonial-capital culture, specifically dispossession of land and property. Challenges in coalition work amongst activists were rooted in US settler colonial-informed racialized hierarchies of power, which perpetuate white supremacy and privilege. Finally, the militarized coalitional responses of public and private forces, specifically the use of racialized ideologies, militarized tactics and operations, and overt violent actions and arrests, was excessive, generated a diffusion of accountability, and inflicted harm and trauma upon activists at Standing Rock.
Effects of pyramidal training on school psychologist and teacher implementation of trial-based function analysis
Authors:   , Haider Aqdas F.
Published: February 2023

Educators often seek consultation with school psychologists for the assessment of problem behavior and the development of intervention plans to address problem behavior. School psychologists typically conduct functional based assessments (FBA) using indirect and direct observations of the target student prior to. Research has indicated that descriptive assessments are not always reliable indicators of behavioral function, and thus should not be used exclusively when conducting FBA (e.g., Hall, 2005; Lerman and Iwata, 1993; St. Peter et al., 2005, Thompson and Iwata, 2007). Trial-based functional analysis (FA) is an alternative, brief yet rigorous assessment designed to accurately determine the function of students' problem behavior in the classroom setting (Bloom et al., 2013; Sigafoos and Saggers, 1995). To empower teachers and increase their efficacy in assessing problem behavior, school consultants can train a group of educators to conduct trial-based FA using a pyramidal approach. This training model allows a consultant to train a small group of supervisors (e.g., school psychologists) who in turn train and support other educators (Page et al., 1982). Ultimately, the consultant will work him/herself out of the role as supervisors become the in-house individuals providing training and support directly to teachers. This study addressed significant gaps in literature by evaluating the effectiveness of pyramidal training procedure to train school psychologists and general education teachers to implement trial-based FA with high integrity. Three school psychologists were trained in a group format via didactic presentation and Behavioral Skills Training (BST) which included instruction, models, rehearsal, and feedback. During baseline, the mean fidelity to implement trial-based FA for school psychologists was 52.21 percent. After completion of training, their mean fidelity increased to 97.07 percent. School psychologists each trained one general education teacher using the same training protocol. General education teachers also improved their mean fidelity to implement trial-based FA accurately from 40.50 percent at baseline to 97.38 percent after training. Results suggest that general education teachers can be trained by school psychologists using the pyramidal training method to conduct trial-based FA with a high degree of procedural fidelity.
Continuing education for certified athletic trainers working in the traditional setting: perceived utility based on adult learning theory
Authors:   , Jones Kristin D.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this mixed methods program impact evaluation is to determine the perceived utility of continuing education for athletic trainers working in the traditional setting. Data were collected via survey and interviews. Based on adult learning theory, hands-on learning fulfilled the learners' Need to Know and valued learner experiences best. Online learning was deemed the best modality for learners when it came to Readiness to Learn and Orientation to Learning. The learner's Self-Concept seemed favorable for all three modes of learning. The Learner's Motivation needs further research to determine which modality serves learners best The Value of Learner Experiences seems to be an area of improvement for the structure of CE, with over half of participants choosing an unfavorable response. The other tenets of Adult Learning Theory fared well among the participants regarding the structure of CE. For certified athletic trainers working in the traditional setting, continuing education is generally perceived to be useful to athletic trainers. The current structure of continuing education requirements was also perceived as useful overall among the participants of the study. There are however some areas to improve.
Development of food adulteration detection methods utilizing NMR spectroscopy
Authors:   , Ray Colleen
Published: February 2023

Food adulteration is the act of diluting foodstuffs with undeclared fillers or outright substitution with other materials. While this practice has occurred since the dawn of recorded history it has remained difficult to combat. The reason for this struggle is simple; as new methods of detecting adulteration are developed, new adulteration methods are invented with the aim of circumventing detection. This invariably leads to a constant game of cat and mouse between those who commit fraud and anyone wishing to detect it. The motivation behind adulterating food is nearly always one of simple greed. So long as the fillers used as adulterants or substitute products are less expensive than the genuine product, the potential for greater profit is obvious. This research sought to address several of these practices by developing new or improved methods of detection with emphasis on speed, simplicity, and the use NMR spectrometers. Here we detect the presence of inexpensive robusta coffee (coffea canephora var. robusta) in coffees declared as being composed entirely of arabica coffee (coffea arabica). The addition of seed oil to dilute olive oils using a 400 MHz NMR instrument, particularly oils from high-oleic acid cultivars of safflower and sunflower is investigated. This research effort culminated with the discovery of the dilution of bovine hard cheeses with plant based oils and development of a method to detect it.
Renovations of a university library: the potential for place attachment among Gen Z students during a pandemic
Authors:   , Rodwick Holly B.
Published: February 2023

University libraries are adapting their spaces to help support the needs of Gen Z students by adding collaborative spaces and encouraging social interactions. This qualitative case study explores the person-place interactions between Gen Z students and a Research 1 (R1) state university library during a full-scale renovation and worldwide pandemic. A tripartite framework of place attachment was used as a guide to examine the findings. Twenty-two undergraduate students in the library were interviewed, in addition to seven librarians, one facilities director, and one architect who oversaw the library's renovation. Observations and photo documentation were also used as supplemental data to support the information gained from the interviews. The analysis of the data revealed that place dependence was the strongest form of place attachment found in the data. Additionally, there were multiple connections found between place attachment constructs. Features of the library such as the spatial layout, technology, and access to information connected both physically based place attachment and place dependence. A collaborative atmosphere and peer motivation intertwined with socially based place attachment and place dependence. Also, relaxation, comfort, and safety were features that linked socially based place attachment and place affect. The library's major renovation that was underway during data collection, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant influence on the information gathered in this study. Implications and suggested interior design guidelines are provided.
The shrinking city school: following trajectories of shrinkage across three decades of an urban school desert
Authors:   , Sweeney Heather
Published: February 2023

Late on the evening of January 12th, 2021, the Saint Louis Public Schools (SLPS) Board voted to close seven of its schools and transition one of its high schools to a middle school (Clancy, 2021). Sweeping closures are not a new phenomenon for the residents of St. Louis. Just in the last three decades, SLPS has closed 54 buildings, reducing its sites by 67 percent. What we understand about urban school closure, like those occurring in the city of St. Louis, encompasses official justifications for closure, the history and terms of the policies supporting or driving closure, and the actions taken by school districts as they enact closure. This study joins two spatial concepts, shrinkage and school deserts, through Doreeen Massey's relational politics of the spatial (2008) to explore a) the trajectories of shrinkage (out-migration, economic shifts, and housing) which require negotiation by the Saint Louis Public Schools and b) the resultant uneven distribution of educational access and academic pathways for St. Louis students. Through the creation of a Geographic Information Systems database this study utilizes descriptive statistics as produced from two spatial modeling tools in ARCGIS, each model established a layer which was combined to produce a final GIS database. Two key findings surfaced from this series of analysis. The first is that the variables of shrinkage are not randomly distributed across the St. Louis Metropolitan Area but in fact clustered. The second is a school desert patterning which suggests a) residents of south city, select west and north counties have greater access to a local public school while residents of north city have lost many of their local public schools since the year 2000 and b) a consequential relationship where a block group which shares boundaries with a flourishing school oasis is more likely to be a struggling school desert.
Exploring the perspectives and lived experiences of academic advisors who use an academic early alert system an the University of Missouri
Authors:   , Williams Michael Lee
Published: February 2023

This case study explores professional academic advisors' perceived usefulness of a fully implemented academic early alert technology at a four-year, public, flagship university in the Midwest. Academic early alert technology has increasingly become more common at colleges and universities during the past two decades, followed by an increasing number of rigorous studies regarding the effectiveness of these systems and the perceptions of key stakeholders with the notable absence within the literature of academic advisor's perceptions. This study focuses on that gap and analyzes how academic advisors perceive early alert technology usefulness for their job duties.
Unlearning the narrative: integrating relationship science and machine learning to identify the determinants of African American adults' romantic relationship satisfaction
Authors:   , Brown Alaysia Marie
Published: February 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Foundational theories in relationship science offer generalized explanations of relationship processes and outcomes that do not acknowledge the central role that race and racism may play in structuring intimate partnerships. This omission is particularly consequential given the salience of racial and ethnic stratification for U.S. social systems and disparities in relationship outcomes. For example, scholars argue that the weight of historical and contemporary racial oppression may be reflected more deeply in African American partnerships relative to groups of similar economic and social status and have used terms like residual effects of slavery and post-traumatic slave syndrome to draw attention to the enduring impact that these practices have had on the interpersonal outcomes of African Americans. These findings suggest that although there may determinants of relationship quality and adjustment that are germane to most relationships, there may be contextual and sociocultural factors there may be considerations that harbor unique significance for the relationship outcomes of certain groups. The current study aimed to test this assertation using data from the Family and Community Health study (N = 306) and employed random forest analyses to identify a comprehensive set of individual, relational, familial, and contextual and sociocultural predictors that demonstrated high utility in predicting relationship satisfaction for African Americans. A total of 23 features were identified as the most proximal predictors of relationship satisfaction for African American couples and were able to predict 48 percent of the variation in this outcome. Constructs that were most useful for predicting relationship satisfaction were general and relationship-specific and have been highlighted in several relationship process theories, including the VSA model, attachment theory, social exchange theory, social exchange theory, marital paradigm theory, interpersonal process models of intimacy, and ecological perspectives of romantic relationship quality and adjustment. Findings from this dissertation broaden understanding of the utility of foundational theories in predicting relationship satisfaction for African American couples and suggest that traditional paradigms and constructs in relationship science are an important starting point for understanding the correlates of relationship satisfaction for African American couples. In tandem, results also suggests that existing frameworks can be augmented by the inclusion of socioculturally relevant predictors.
Characterization and applications of wide bandgap semiconductor materials
Authors:   , Kasani Nanda Krishna Chaitanya
Published: February 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Wide bandgap materials are potential candidates to revolutionize high-power electronics and optoelectronic devices due to their wide bandgap energy greater than 2 eV. Thus, there is a great necessity to research on these materials and implement in advanced applications to gain the advantages of these materials. This research work involves projects which are revolving around two different wide bandgap materials: zinc oxide (ZnO) and gallium nitride (GaN). A multi-layered hybrid ZnO based UV sensor has been developed using sol-gel and hydrothermal growth methods. Most of the reported ZnO nanostructure based ultraviolet photodetectors have in-built high resistance due to their limitations in single layer topological designs with poor photocurrent and high dark currents, and eventually these devices yield lower Ion/Ioff ratio, responsivity and detectivity. In this work, a device with improved photocurrent to dark current contrast ratio, photoresponsivity and detectivity has been developed. The second project comprises of GaN wafers which were doped in a high-quality manner by a neutron transmutation doping method. This work has resulted in consistently doped Ge atoms in the range of 1018/cm3. Defect studies have been a crucial part of standardizing the material processing, as the defect can alter electrical and optical properties of doped semiconductor materials. Using the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), the defect analysis was carried out to understand the trap formation and electronic properties of the traps from irradiation doped samples in correlation to theoretical studies.
The memeification of "woke culture": a multimodal critical discourse analysis of its articulation in Essence; O, The Oprah Magazine; and Teen Vogue
Authors:   , Lenoir Lisa Dianne
Published: February 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] The African American English (AAE) word "woke," remains underappreciated for its significance in American history and in the current Movement for Black Lives discourse. The replication and oversaturation of the concept--which stands for awareness and social consciousness--in cultural products threatens to delegitimize this powerful symbol of culture, the Black freedom struggle, and a social movement looking to combat police brutality. Recently, scholars have focused on the word being used as a framework to explore the social consciousness of advertising campaigns. I argue in this multimodal critical discourse analysis of "woke" and an emerging "woke culture" represents not only consumerism and political activism but also community, identity, and agency. I demonstrate this by analyzing the discourses in Essence; O, The Oprah Magazine; and Teen Vogue magazines from 2016-2020, using Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model to create a new typology of interpretation for articulations of race, gender, and class in lifestyle journalism. Then, I discuss the memeification of the concept across the sample and its negotiation between communicating and commodifying social consciousness. Finally, I suggest future lines for research and challenge women-centric lifestyle magazines and their editors to serve as editorial beacons for facilitating the discourse on social consciousness in contemporary society.
Stanislavsky-based American acting education through the lens of trauma-informed practices
Authors:   , Priamos Catherine
Published: February 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] This dissertation seeks to merge the research of theatre, neuropsychology, and trauma studies in order to examine the ethics of past and contemporary Stanislavsky-based American actor training and the potential traumatization of its student actors. This dissertation focuses on the creation and release of character -- the processes of emotional development and cooldown -- through a traumainformed lens. This dissertation had two consecutive goals: (1) to demonstrate how trauma has become deeply enmeshed in acting's traditions, expectations, and creation, and then (2) to provide workable trauma-aware teaching methods for teachers to integrate into their pedagogy with the goal of creating a safer space for acting students. The methodology includes the utilization of a mixed methods research design that combines quantitative data from psychiatric research with qualitative data through feedback from actors via qualitative studies, interviews, dissertations, etc., followed by a self-reflexive teacher-as-researcher action research study that centered on my pedagogical practices' implementation and success. The conclusion was that we cannot, in fact, "leave it all at the door." It is not biologically and neurologically possible. Trauma lives in the body and does not turn off when it is convenient. And with the years of increasingly intense national and global traumas, students' resilience is more strained than ever. Both the fields of psychology and theatre believe that more mental health resources must be presented and shared with actors and the "acting world," as actors have been shown to be unlikely to seek out help independently. Researchers suggested that training institutions, companies, unions, and industry stakeholders to enact strategies to reduce harm in the industry and provide tools to foster resilience on both an industry- and individual-basis, including warm-up, cooldown, and debriefing practices. This paper provides tools for teachers to incorporate trauma-informed practices into the acting classroom as well as trauma-aware proposals for organizational change at the system level of higher education.
Explainable artificial intelligence to stratify pan-cancer patients for immune checkpoint inhibitor decision making
Authors:   , Shen Yuanyuan
Published: February 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Immune checkpoints are a normal part of the immune system. It engages when proteins on the surface of immune cells called T cells recognize and bind to partner proteins on other cells, such as some tumor cells. Immune based therapies such as ICIs work by blocking checkpoint proteins from binding with their partner proteins. This prevents the "off" signal from being sent, allowing the T cells to kill cancer cells. One such drug act against a checkpoint protein called PD-1 or its partner protein PD-L1. Some tumors turn down the T cell response by producing lots of PD-L1. Recent years FDA have granted accelerated approval for the immunotherapy drug on treating specific subgroups or advanced stage of solid tumors. This groundbreaking treatment has shown remarkable promise which could prevent tumors from growing and allowing some patients who receive the treatments to essentially be cured. The fact that some patients treated with immunotherapy have a durable response to cancer shows this treatment's potential. But despite response rates between 20 and 50 percent in certain groups, such as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer which are characterized by high mutational load, neoepitope formation, and an intense lymphocytic infiltrate when compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors [1]. And some cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, rely on some indicators like PD-L1 protein, tumor mutation burden [2, 3]. But how accurate these indicators could predict patient' responses are still in debating. Moreover, scientists still don't know why the majority of people with cancer do not respond to immunotherapy drugs [4]. For those patients are not supposed to receive immunotherapy may cause unnecessary long term side effect, such as adrenal insufficiency, and financial burden[5]. Completion of the work we propose here would help us to identify characteristics of patients as subgroups who might benefit from ICIs from multi-omics. In this study, we applied an explainable AI approach for patient stratification. Exploratory mining is contrast pattern-based data mining process. We will integrate these two methods to explore clinically explainable subgroups with phenotypical and genotypical features. These features would be the labels for identify patients who really need ICIs. We applied this method in pan-cancer population and identified the patients' subgroups based on distinctive features including demographic, phenotypical and genomic characteristics. We believe these distinctive features contribute together to the patients' response sensitivity to the ICIs. Further wet lab experiments to validate these findings are required prior to initiating clinical trials using these identified features.
Obligations and indeterminism: a challenge for dominance act utilitarianism
Authors:   , Cruz Duke J.
Published: February 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This paper is an investigation into an area of philosophical logic called deontic logic. More specifically, this paper is a critical evaluation of an agentive deontic logic present in John F. Horty's Agency and Deontic Logic (2001). This agentive deontic logic is called Dominance Act Utilitarianism (DAU). DAU is an agentive deontic logic for individual agents at a moment. The specific target of the present paper is the central claim of DAU that agents ought to do what each of their optimal actions guarantee. The central thesis that is defended in this paper is that DAU is an implausible deontic logic, given that it has unreasonable verdicts about the obligations of agents. This thesis is defended by developing and defending a counterexample to the central claim of DAU.
The clinical gaze and the perception of disability in photography
Authors:   , Temple Dianna
Published: February 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] The history of photography coincides with the rise of medicine as a respectable profession and the Freakshow as popular entertainment, and their intersection laid the foundation for a problematic history of representation for people with disabilities that continues into the 21st century. The "Medical Model," is a theoretical approach to the concept of disease and injury that uses medicine and surgical procedures as a means to heal the body. When the camera was introduced as a tool for scientific study it generated formal visual criteria for diagnosis and medical procedures. Despite the scientific intent of this model, it shared visual conventions similar to the carte de visite photographs of the Freakshow: people are put on display and viewed as spectacles. The Medical Model continues to lay the foundation for how the public views disability. However, scholars in the field of Disability Studies have introduced the " Social Model" to oppose the Medical Model. The Social model separates the idea of impairment, which is associated with the individual body, and Disability, which is a social construction that explains a disability experience within the social and physical landscape. In order to challenge the current convention and establish the representation of Disability in photography, photographs need to be reanalyzed and interpreted through the lens of Disability Studies to redefine and better reflect a more informed and inclusive view of the lives of people that gives agency and rearticulates the current perception of Disability. Wheelchair Tornadoes and Other Things Our Eyes Cannot See uses the social model to challenge viewers' perceptions of disability through representation, imagemaking, and installation.
Interdisciplinary practices in apllied behavior analysis: a preliminary investigation of collaborative practices among practitioners
Authors:   , Bateman Austin
Published: February 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Little empirical literature in the field of behavior analysis exists on the behavior, processes, or outcomes of interdisciplinary collaboration. This lack of information may be in part due to the historical position the field has held (Todd and Morris, 1992; Smith, 2012; Smith, 2014). In terms of current health care service delivery, individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities are often provided services that are multidisciplinary and benefit from being collaborative in nature (World Health Organization, 2013; Brodhead et al., 2012). Kelly and Tincani (2013) surveyed 302 behavior analysts regarding what training they had received in collaboration as well as what variables were believed to improve or inhibit collaboration. To further assess these questions, a survey was created to identify anecdotal experiences of practicing Behavior Analysts on the utility of, and their personal experiences with, interdisciplinary practices. Results indicated that practitioners in this sample would rate their experience with collaboration to be moderately good (M = 2.05) on a 4 point scale and that issues such as "time," "misperceptions of goals and approaches of other disciplines," and "pride" were barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration. Directions and implications for future research are discussed.
Differential observing responses: a systematic review
Authors:   , Kirlin Landon Allen
Published: February 2023

Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) respond inaccurately on conditional discrimination tasks involving matching to sample procedures (MTS). Differential observing responses (DOR) have been effective at increasing discriminated responding of relevant features of stimuli on these tasks (Farber, Dickson, and Dube, 2017). However, there is conflicting evidence of successful conditional discrimination when this procedure has been removed and the longer-term implications of this procedure are unknown (Walpole, Roscoe, and Dube, 2007). The purpose of the current review was to evaluate previous research investigating the effects of DOR procedures in learners with ASD and other developmental disabilities. Fifteen articles were included, and results indicated expressive DOR procedures more commonly maintained accurate responding relative to receptive DORs. Furthermore, only five of the articles selected met high quality standards.
Tracheal crusting: A rare but fatal complication of Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Kaleem Misbah , Wali Hadia , Ansari Shayan Shahid , Haseeb Shahan , Javed Nismat
Published: February 2023

Endotracheal intubation is an intervention frequently performed in the hospital setting in order to protect the central airway and provide mechanical support for ventilation. The complications of the endotracheal tube include tracheitis, tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, and granuloma formation. Tracheal crusting following tracheitis is a very rare but fatal complication of endotracheal intubation especially in children. Tracheal crusting should be kept in mind as a differential for weaning failure. Several cases of tracheal stenosis after extubation have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no cases of obstructive tracheal crusting in children following tracheitis in the current literature. Here, we present the case of a 1-year-old girl who developed complications as a result of intubation.
Effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients
Authors: Iqbal Saima , Ahmad Sohail , Qayyum Sadaf , Firdous Maryam
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Cataracts and Glaucoma are the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Lens extraction using the Phacoemulsification technique can be an effective IOP-lowering treatment for all types of glaucoma.

Objective: To study was to measure the Intra-Ocular Pressure before and after phacoemulsification and to determine the mean change in Intra-Ocular Pressure.

Methodology: This study included 53 glaucoma patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Angle Closure Glaucoma (ACG), and Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) % (n=4) Glaucoma who visited the Glaucoma Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi. Pre and post-interventional study designs were used. Based on a slit lamp examination, patients were labeled as having cataracts in glaucomatous eyes. Pre-operative Intraocular pressure (IOP) was noted using Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT). Patients were referred for Phacoemulsification and their IOP was noted after 2 weeks of surgery. The non-Probability convenient sampling Technique was used. Paired t-test was used to find the mean change in IOP. 

Results: The mean age of respondents was (62.5±10.25) and had a maximum value of 81 years and a minimum value of 40 years among a sample of 53 respondents. The mean IOP before phacoemulsification was (16.25±7.251) the mean IOP after phacoemulsification was (13.28±5.940) and the mean difference was (2.962 ±8.364) in glaucomatous patients having cataracts. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value<0.05).

Conclusion: In Glaucomatous patients having cataracts after phacoemulsification there is a significant reduction in IOP and medications after surgery. This IOP reduction was more marked in POAG patients as compared to other types of Glaucoma.
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome presents as recurrent meningoencephalitis
Authors: Qayyum Wajeeha , Yousafzai Zaland , Khan Muhammad Fozan , Yasin Hasina
Published: February 2023

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease mostly affecting middle-aged females. It usually involves the exocrine glands system resulting in dryness of the mouth and eyes. It rarely involves the Central nervous system. Here we present a case of Sjogren’s syndrome with a rare presentation at an unusual age. An 80 years old patient who presented with 3 episodes of recurrent aseptic meningitis in a year, was diagnosed with primary Sjogren’s syndrome after extensive workup. She responded well to immunomodulatory treatment. Clinicians should consider the rare presentation and age of autoimmune diseases when facing the challenging clinical situation.
ЖИТТЯ ГАЛАКТИК У СПОСТЕРЕЖУВАНОМУ ВСЕСВІТІ
Authors: Нарожный А. Н.
Published: February 2023

The work presents the main results of previous articles collected in a single model of the main galactic cycle in the observed universe. It is the basis of the life of galaxies and consists of three processes. The first is the stepped burning out of light elements in star -core reactions. The second process is the regeneration of hydrogen from star waste in the Galactic Center (in this process, the Galactic Center is in the quasar stage). The third is associated with the return to the galaxy of part of the energy lost by it through electromagnetic radiation. The first process is well known. The second follows from the results of observations and the previously expressed purpose of Quasar in the life of galaxies. The third does not follow from observation data directly. It appears as a result of the analysis of these data through the prism of basic laws and the provisions of natural science. The third process is introduced hypothetically, as it is based on a hypothesis about the origin of particles of the dark component of matter. These particles are attributed to an additional role compared to the one that the astronomers determined it. Indirect evidence is given confirming the origin of particles of dark matter. These particles can contribute to the discovered weak radiation in the visible range, which proceeds from the intergalactic and interstellar space. Similar radiation was found in the solar system. The consequences of the galactic cycle are available in the results of observations. However, this galactic cycle is not completely closed. Within the framework of the presented model, some problematic issues that appear in theories based on a large explosion disappear, and some receive simple explanations. For example, problems with the formation of galaxies in the early stages, the appearance of ultra -massive black holes, accelerated expansion of space, the problem of dark energy, etc. shows a variant of the extinction of galaxies, but this fact does not lead to the death of the Universe. Based on the matter of the fading or fading galaxy, another, new galaxy may appear. The result of this work is a model of the life of an observed universe at the level of its main elements - galaxies. This model is local in nature, which is determined by the position of the researcher in the universe. But it can develop as research expands. However, this model will never reach the level of the cosmological model, which, in principle, cannot be built. The reason for the last statement is the lack of an absolutely complete database of the surrounding reality and a complete understanding of the processes taking place in it.
INCLUSION OF RURAL-URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS: WORLD AND UKRAINIAN PRACTICE
Authors:   Odesa National Technological University, Pavlov Oleksandr , Pavlova Iryna ,   Odesa National Technological University, Pavlov Oleksandr – junior ,   Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the Ukrainian and world practice of the formation of inclusion of rural-urban socio-spatial formations. The purpose of the study is to identify the practical dimension of the inclusion of rural-urban agglomerations of Ukraine in comparison with the world experience. For its implementation, the task of defining the essence of inclusion as a social phenomenon was formulated; characteristics of its manifestation at the level of united territorial communi- ties (UTC) and districts; identification of common features and differences in the process of formation of well-being inclusion in Ukrainian and foreign rural-urban socio-spatial formations. The achievement of the goal of the research was facilitated by the use of theoretical assets of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the specified problem, systemic and synergistic approaches, methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis . This author’s approach to determining the essence of these «mixed» in terms of population composition and socio-spatial functions formations gives grounds for concluding that there is a synergy effect from the territorial reform, which consists in the presence of a real possibility of solving a complex of social problems connected with of overcoming socio-cultural and everyday differences between cities and villages through the gradual creation of the inclusion of rural-urban agglomeration formations with the final addition of the phenomenon of the continuum by a complete social merger (convergence) of villages and cities. The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the essence of inclusion as a social phenomenon in its socio-spatial dimension, the peculiarities of its manifestation in the UTC and districts created in the process of reforming the territorial system of Ukraine. According to the results of the research, the connection of the process of formation of inclusion in the rural-urban spatial environment with the tendency of their integration on the basis of continuity and convergence was revealed; it was found that the countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa face the same problems of cohesion and social integration of vil- lages and cities as our country. It has been proven that Ukraine has certain advantages over these countries, which are related to the presence of significant natural resources, large cities with their scientific, technical and cultural potential, is a unitary, democratic state with ethnically and socially homogene of population composition that gives hope for a practical solution to the investigated problem. Prospects for further scientific explorations in the specified direction require the concentration of efforts of economists on the basis of interdisciplinarity in order to conduct applied research at the level of individual UTCs and districts.
UKRAINE IN THE WORLD HONEY MARKET: FORMING THE EXPORT STRATEGY FOR DOMESTIC SMES IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Semeniuk Iryna , Lozovskyi Oleksandr ,   State University of Trade and Economics, Bantiuk Daryna ,   State University of Trade and Economics
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the definition of theoretical and methodological aspects of the development and implementation of an export strategy for SMEs when entering the world market in a war. It was determined that despite the significant losses of beekeeping producers as a result of the war, the trend of steady demand for Ukrainian honey still persists in the world, as evidenced by the introduction of trade preferences by partner countries. It has been determined that the formation of an export strategy and the development of an export plan are the most important tasks of strategic planning for the launch of SME products on the world honey market. After all, strategic planning allows you to determine competitive advantages, evaluate the most promising export markets, and also gain new opportunities for development. The article defines the role of Ukrainian exporters in the world honey market. It has been determined that in recent years Ukraine has occupied a leading position among honey exporters in the world, successfully competing with such countries as China, India, Argentina and Vietnam. And also, an analysis of the key problems and prospects for the development of the export potential of Ukrainian producers of beekeeping products as a prerequisite for the formation of an export strategy was carried out. It has been determined that the main threats to the further development of the export potential of honey producers are a decrease in production volumes, a decrease in honey exports, in particular, due to the blocking of transport infrastructure by the Russian Federation, a further decrease in the purchase prices for honey in the domestic market, the death of bees and the loss of production capacity because of hostilities. An algorithm for the formation and implementation of an export strategy for SMEs when entering the world honey market is proposed. The advantages of implementing the Performance Management approach in the process of developing an algorithm for the formation and implementation of an export strategy when SMEs enter the world honey market are substantiated. They are: improving the efficiency of the implementation of the export strategy, strengthening the competitive advantages of the enterprise, improving the personnel management system due to additional motivation.