bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voice Handicap Index Changes After Microflap Surgery for Benign Vocal Fold Lesions Are Not Associated With Recommended Absolute Voice Rest Duration
Authors: King Renee E. , Novaleski Carolyn K. , Rousseau Bernard
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Voice rest is frequently prescribed after phonosurgery, but optimal type and duration for voice outcomes have not been demonstrated. Studies to date have been characterized by heterogeneity in surgical procedures and laryngeal diagnoses. We sought to analyze the effect of recommended absolute voice rest duration on outcomes of microflap surgery for benign vocal fold lesions. A secondary purpose was to identify patient factors associated with postoperative voice outcomes.

Method:

Forty-three patients were included in this retrospective review of patients aged 18 years and above who underwent direct microlaryngoscopy with microflap for vocal fold polyp or cyst over a 5-year period at a multidisciplinary voice center. Duration of recommended postoperative absolute voice rest was classified as less than 7 days, 7 days, and more than 7 days. Demographic and vocal hygiene data and voice treatment history were collected. Outcome measures consisted of one pre- and two postoperative Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores. Effects of recommended voice rest on outcomes were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures. Effects of patient factors on outcomes were analyzed as exploratory measures. Stroboscopy ratings were analyzed descriptively.

Results:

Thirteen patients were recommended 7 days of absolute voice rest, 15 were recommended less than 7 days, and 15 were recommended more than 7 days. Postoperatively, VHI scores significantly improved for all patients. Voice rest as a continuous variable was associated with the Functional subscale score in the short term, but there was no effect on VHI total score and no longer term effect of voice rest on any outcome. Age, sex, and preoperative voice therapy were associated with at least one VHI subscale score on at least one time point.

Conclusion:

VHI outcomes of microflap surgery for polyps and cysts do not differ by duration of recommended absolute postoperative voice rest.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19178459
Words Versus Pictures: Bilingual Performance on Verbal and Pictorial Measures of Executive Functions
Authors: Alateeq Halah , Azuma Tamiko
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This study examined bilinguals' performance on functional executive function map tasks such as the Zoo Map from the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome and the extent to which working memory, set-shifting, and inhibition measures predicted bilinguals' performance on these tasks. Additionally, we explored the utility of pictorial map tasks as a measure of complex executive function in bilinguals. We hypothesized that bilinguals would perform better on the pictorial map tasks due to the reduced language processing demand.

Method:

The analyses included 131 bilingual young adults who completed a comprehensive language history questionnaire, an English proficiency test, a battery of working memory and executive function tasks, and verbal and pictorial map tasks.

Results:

Contrary to predictions, bilinguals' performance on the verbal maps did not differ significantly from that on the pictorial maps. Two multiple regression models significantly predicted performance on the verbal and pictorial maps, accounting for 7%–25% of the variance in the map scores. Working memory and interference control were the most prominent predictors within these models.

Conclusions:

In our study, bilinguals' performance on the verbal maps did not differ significantly from that on the pictorial maps. Additionally, English proficiency did not correlate with the participants' verbal map scores. These results suggest that executive function map tasks (e.g., the Zoo Map) are a useful clinical tool for assessing executive function in bilinguals. The findings of this study are discussed in light of the current literature on executive functions in bilinguals.
Influence of musical elements on the perception of ‘Chinese style’ in music
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhou Ziya , Sun Maosong
Published: February 2022

Recently Chinese music has been regarded as an independent music school. However, the definition of Chinese music has been an abstract and subjective concept. That makes music information retrieval (MIR) tasks hard to perform on Chinese music. Previous musicological studies have explained how musical elements like melody and instruments shape a certain kind of music genre including Chinese music, but the findings cannot be directly applied to relevant MIR tasks towards large‐scale users and real‐world problems. In this study, a pipeline of performing a perceptual survey is designed to explore how different musical elements influence people's perception of ‘Chinese style’ in music. Participants with various backgrounds were presented with categorised music excerpts performed in the Erhu or violin and then gave ‘Chinese style’ ratings. Statistical analysis indicates that music content contributes more than instruments. Results were compared between musicians and non‐musicians. Subsequently, a supplementary automatic music classification experiment is conducted in comparison with the survey results to discuss the authors’ choice of stimuli in the survey and similarities between computer auditory and human perception. In general, the results in this study can be useful for MIR tasks, such as understanding, representation, and recommendation of Chinese music.
Analysis on the mechanism of sound production and effects of musical flue pipe
Authors: Jiang Jing , Liu Jingyu , Li Zijin , Zhang Tingyu , Yang Hong
Published: February 2022

String instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments are three traditional categories of musical instruments, among which wind instruments play an important role. Usually, pitches of wind instruments are determined by the vibrating air column, and the musical pitches will be affected by multiple factors of the air flow. In this article, the mechanism of sound production by a pipe is analysed in terms of the coupling of the edge tone and the air column's vibration in the tube. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics numerical calculations are combined to study the influence of the jet velocity on the oscillation frequency of the edge tone and the musical sound produced by the tube, which help to gain deeper insight into the relation between physics and music.
Impartial near‐optimal control and sizing for battery hybrid energy system balance via grey wolf optimizers: Lead acid and lithium‐ion technologies
Authors: Ramadan Haitham S. , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Ahmed Abdelsalam A.
Published: February 2022

The balance of renewable‐energy‐based power systems has witnessed significant importance particularly with their rapid integration within these systems. The optimal sizing and control of energy storage systems (ESS) in hybrid power systems (HPSs) based on renewable energy becomes of particular interest. In this research, the HPS under study comprises PV, wind, and energy storage system. Two battery technologies, lead acid (LA) and lithium‐Ion (LI)—are conducted to reach a near‐optimal solution via metaheuristic optimization algorithms in HPS. This paper aims at reaching the equilibrium of the generation consumption for HPS through applying a novel technique, grey wolf optimization (GWO) through the optimal battery sizing of the HPS. The optimization is used for reaching the due balance between the production of power and that absorbed by the load, by minimizing the difference between the final and initial state of charge. Based on numerical simulations, the two different battery technologies are considered in the sizing of the ESS using GWO approach. From the simulation results, the proposed GWO leads to more enhanced performance with LI rather than LA by 3.1% with reduced number of parallel/series cells (Np/Ns) of 240/3450 and 270/3500. Accordingly, the GWO provides an adequate dynamic controlled performance.
L’importance des télomères dans les infections par les Herpèsvirus humains-6A/B
Authors: Collin Vanessa , Flamand Louis
Published: February 2022

Les Herpèsvirus sont des maîtres incontestés du camouflage. En effet, ces virus utilisent divers moyens pour assurer leur persistance chez l’hôte infecté. Les Herpèsvirus humains-6A et -6B (HHV-6A/B) ont ainsi développé une approche unique, en intégrant l’ensemble de leur génome au sein des extrémités des chromosomes des cellules qu’ils infectent. Cette capacité, propre aux HHV-6A/B parmi les Herpèsvirus humains, requiert des interactions étroites entre les régions télomériques des chromosomes de l’hôte et le génome viral. Dans cette revue, la biologie des télomères et les mécanismes responsables de l’intégration virale seront abordés et les conséquences biologiques de l’intégration des HHV-6A/B au sein de l’ADN chromosomique seront discutées.
Lupinus angustifolius L. cultivar “Boregine” from South of Bulgaria: a source of nutrients and natural biologically active components
Authors: Petkova Zhana , Antova Ginka , Angelova-Romova Maria , Todorova Ilinka , Stoyanova Magdalena , Stoyanova Albena
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, the requirements of new sources of natural food components are constantly expanding worldwide. On one hand, the constituents derived from the common agriculture plants satisfy the needs of the body to function properly. On the other hand, the price of producing ordinary foods is gradually increasing. For that reason, it is necessary to find a cheaper alternative industrial crops, such as a specific variety of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. cultivar “Boregine”). The chemical and lipid composition of lupin seeds as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the oil were examined. The seeds are rich in proteins and carbohydrates, mainly starch, but have low oil content. Sucrose was the main soluble sugar and the major amino acids were phenylalanine, arginine, tyrosine and serine. Linoleic and oleic acids were predominate in the oil; β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main components in the sterol and tocopherol fractions, respectively. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine represented more than 50% of all phospholipids and oleic acid was in the highest amount in all phospholipid classes. All physicochemical characteristics of lupin seed oil were in agreement with the requirements for edible oils and its oxidative stability at 100 °C and an air flow rate of 20 L/h was extremely high (more than 100 h). Lupin seeds have high nutritional value and their oil depicts to be stable, which makes them a possible source of high quality lipids with long shelf life.
Multifamilientherapie bei Essstörung am Beispiel der Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Pfautsch Bernhild , Ochs Matthias
Published: February 2022

Familiäre Interaktions- und Beziehungsmuster spielen in biopsychosozialen Modellen zur Psychopathogenese der Bulimia Nervosa eine bedeutsame Rolle 1. Essgestörtes Verhalten kann sich einerseits über defizitäres Selbstwerterleben, vermittelt durch dysfunktionale Familienbeziehungen, andererseits durch familiäre Einstellungen zu Essen, Gewicht und Figur entwickeln. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Multifamilientherapie in diesen Problemfeldern 2.
Essstörungen – Infos und Hilfe im Internet
Authors: Abert Sabine
Published: February 2022

Wer im Internet Infos zum Thema Essstörungen sucht, kann sich umfassend über das Krankheitsbild aufklären: Fachkreise können sich vernetzen und über Behandlungen austauschen, Betroffene und Angehörige erhalten hilfreiche Unterstützungsangebote oder Zugang zum Thema über interessante Medien und Filme. Nicht zuletzt spielen auch die digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) heutzutage eine wichtige Rolle – z. B. Apps zur Früherkennung und Therapiebegleitung.
Fallbericht aus der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe
Authors: Thiele Uwe , Jahn Ina , Wiegand-Grefe Silke
Published: February 2022

Ein 14-jähriger Jugendlicher mit einer meist unverständlichen sprachlichen Ausdrucksweise und einem fehlenden Bezug zu Gleichaltrigen erhält Hilfe durch einen Erziehungsbeistand. Schnell wird klar, dass vor allem die stark belastete Beziehung zur Mutter eine entscheidende Rolle in der Entwicklung des Jugendlichen spielt. Liegt der Schlüssel zum Erfolg in der Aufarbeitung der familiären Geschichte und der Integration in die Gemeinschaft?
Digitale Psychotherapieansätze zur Behandlung der Binge-Eating-Störung
Authors: Daugelat Melissa-Claire , Schag Kathrin , Giel Katrin Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

Wiederkehrende Essanfälle und Kontrollverlust sind Kernmerkmale einer Binge-Eating-Störung (BES). Psychotherapie ist der Therapieansatz der ersten Wahl bei BES. Digitale Psychotherapieansätze haben das Potenzial, die Versorgung der Betroffenen zu verbessern, indem z. B. Hürden in die Versorgung verringert und der Zugang zu evidenzbasierten Therapieansätzen verbessert werden.
Die psychosoziale Stellungnahme vor Adipositaschirurgie: Was sollte beachtet werden?
Authors: Müller Astrid , Köhler Hinrich
Published: February 2022

Die chirurgische Behandlung gilt bei entsprechender Indikation als die derzeit effektivste und nachhaltigste Therapie von Adipositas. Im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Indikationsstellung wird gemäß S3-Leitlinien der Fachgesellschaften eine präoperative psychosoziale Stellungnahme empfohlen. Diese dient in erster Linie dazu, psychische Kontraindikationen für die geplante Operation zu beurteilen.
In der Klemme – Diagnostik und Therapie bei anteriorem Knie-Impingement
Authors: Hartmann Patrick
Published: February 2022

Wenn das Knie im Bereich der Kniescheibe schmerzt, die Symptome persistieren und eine exakte Ursache nicht festzustellen ist, dann lohnt es sich, den Hoffa-Fettkörper in den Blick zu nehmen. Jede Bewegung des Kniegelenks berührt und verformt ihn unmittelbar. Physiotherapeut Patrick Hartmann gibt ein Evidenz-Update zum anterioren Knie-Impingement, bei dem der infrapatellare Fettkörper schmerzhaft anschwillt.
„Sleep soundly, nurture life“
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: February 2022

So, liebe Leserinnen und Leser, lautete einmal das Motto des jährlichen
„Weltschlaftages“, der auch in diesem Jahr (am 18. März
2022) wieder stattfinden wird (https://worldsleepday.org). Der an das deutsche
Sprichwort „Der Schlaf nährt“ erinnernde Slogan
sollte die Bedeutung eines quantitativ und qualitativ ausreichenden Schlafpensums
für ein gedeihliches Leben (im möglichst wachen Zustand!) zum
Ausdruck bringen. Das gilt selbstverständlich auch für die
Schwangerschaft, in der nun aber – „ausgerechnet“ –
etwa jede zweite Frau von Schlafstörungen betroffen ist. Diese sind nicht
nur mit einem breiten Spektrum somatischer Beschwerden von Rückenschmerzen
und Sodbrennen bis hin zum Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) und zum obstruktiven
Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS) vergesellschaftet. Es besteht auch eine enge
wechselseitige Verflechtung mit der sozialen Ausgangslage der Betroffenen und ihrem
psychischen Wohlbefinden in der Schwangerschaft. In dem vorliegenden Heft der
Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) findet sich eine Arbeit
zum Thema „Sleep disorders in pregnancy“, in der Autor:innen
der Universitätsklinik Ankara eine umfassende statistische Analyse der
maßgeblichen Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen auf die
Lebensqualität vorlegen und damit wichtige Hinweise für eine
zielgerichtete Detektion und Prävention dieses verbreiteten Problems
geben.
Gut gegangen – Ganganalyse als Basis einer transdisziplinären Therapie
Authors: Götz-Neumann Kirsten , Klein Patrick , Kilk Dorothea
Published: February 2022

Noch Jahre nach einer seltenen Viruserkrankung leidet eine junge Patientin unter Rückenschmerzen, Ausstrahlungen, Gangunsicherheit und einer Fußheberschwäche. Erst nach einer gezielten Gangdiagnostik nach dem „Gehen verstehen“-Programm und einer konsekutiv abgestimmten Behandlung zwischen Physiotherapie, Orthopädietechnik, Medizin und der Patientin selbst wird die Therapie erfolgreich.
Effect of Fatigue and Graded Running on Kinematics and Kinetics
Parameters in Triathletes
Authors: Mateus Greyce Any Sousa , Assumpção Claudio Oliveira , Cabido Christian Emmanuel Torres , Veneroso Christiano Eduardo , Oliveira Saulo Fernandes Melo , Fermino Rogério César , Mortatti Arnaldo , Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabellode , Vilas Boas Joao Paulo , Banja Fernandes Túlio Luiz
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cycling-induced fatigue on subsequent
running with different ground inclinations on triathletes. Twenty male
triathletes ran on a treadmill at individual speeds, on three inclines: level
(0%), 7% uphill (7%), and 7% downhill
(−7%). Subsequently, the athletes performed an incremental
ramp-to-exhaustion (RTE) protocol on an ergometric bicycle until task failure
and repeated the running protocol (POST-RTE). During running and cycling was
monitored perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR). Plantar pressure
distribution, peak plantar pressure, total foot area, and ground contact time
were measured by an in-shoe sensor. Analysis of variance showed that HR
(p=0.001; η2=0.63) and RPE (p=0.001;
η2=0.82 large effect) were higher in POST-RTE, without
interactions between slopes and fatigue. The heel load showed difference between
0 and 7% and 7 and −7% (p=0.001;
η
2=0.44 large effect) with higher value in
−7%. The midfoot showed differences between 0 and
−7% with higher value in 0% (p=0.03;
η
2=0.15 small effect). The contact time
showed interactions between fatigue and slopes with a higher value in POST-RTE.
Coaches should be aware that training on the uphill and downhill surfaces can
alter the plantar load on different foot parts.
Chiral Polyoxygenated Tertiary Alcohols through Kiyooka Aldol Reaction
Authors: Kalesse Markus , Lücke Daniel
Published: February 2022

Here we present our work on a Kiyooka aldol protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols. In the obtained products, three oxygenated carbon atoms that could further be differentiated flank the chiral tertiary alcohol. This methodology can be applied to simple aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes and more complex substrates bearing a chiral center in the α- and/or β-position. For complex substrates, an unexpected dependency between stereoselectivity and double-bond geometry of the ketene acetal was observed. Furthermore, applications in or towards the synthesis of natural products are presented.

1 Introduction

2 Scope of the Reaction

3 Synthetic Applications

4 Conclusion
Complications of Percutaneous Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Oza-Gajera Bharvi P. , Abdel-Aal Ahmed K. , Almehmi Ammar
Published: February 2022

A functional peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter is the cornerstone for the success of renal replacement therapy. This success is largely dependent on adhering to best practices during catheter insertion, which starts with a comprehensive preoperative evaluation that helps in determining the catheter configuration type and both entry and exit sites. Additionally, following the best practice guidelines during PD catheter insertion minimizes undesirable complications and provides a durable functional access for dialysis. However, adverse complications are still encountered despite abiding with these clinical guidelines. These complications are categorized into mechanical and infectious groups. The description and management of these adverse events are discussed in detail in this article with particular attention to the technical pitfalls that can occur during catheter insertion. Avoiding these pitfalls can minimize PD catheter complications and potentially improve clinical outcomes.
Fraturas intertrocantéricas fixadas com parafuso dinâmico de quadril: Ensaio clínico randomizado comparando a via lateral de Hardinge e o acesso minimamente invasivo
Authors: Abreu Eduardo Lima de , Byk Jonas , Westphal Fernando
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Comparar as técnicas de osteossíntese de fraturas intertrocantéricas com o parafuso dinâmico de quadril (dynamic hip screw, DHS, em inglês) pelas vias de acesso de Hardinge e minimamente invasiva do quadril, avaliando o tempo cirúrgico, o grau de dor no pós-operatório imediato, a perda hematimétrica, e os aspectos funcionais de mobilidade ativa.

Métodos Estudo clínico randomizado e duplo-cego, em que 66 pacientes com fratura intertrocantérica foram submetidos a osteossíntese com DHS. Os pacientes foram divididos em um grupo teste, submetidos ao acesso minimamente invasivo, e um controle, em que a cirurgia foi realizada pela via de Hardinge.

Resultados Os pacientes submetidos ao tratamento pela via minimamente invasiva apresentaram um grau de dor pós-operatória inferior em comparação ao grupo tratado pela via lateral de Hardinge (p < 0,001), assim como menor perda hematimétrica (p < 0,001), menor tempo operatório (p < 0,001), e melhora nos testes de mobilidade ativa pós-operatória imediata (p < 0,05).

Conclusão O estudo demonstrou a superioridade clínica nos parâmetros analisados da via de acesso minimamente invasiva em relação ao acesso de Hardinge para a fixação de fraturas intertrocantéricas, quando o DHS for a opção de osteossíntese escolhida.

Nível de evidência I.
Devices and Techniques for Percutaneous Creation of Dialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Abdel Aal Ahmed Kamel , Jefferson Xavier , Klusman Carleigh , Garcia Laurynn , Hassanein Haydi , Abdel Aal Talal , Shahin Mohamed M.
Published: February 2022

Dialysis treatment for chronic kidney disease was first developed by Dr. Willem Kolff in 1943, and its availability began to grow in 1962 after which it has become a mainstay treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease. It is estimated that, in 2021, 15% of adults in the United States (∼37 million people) have chronic kidney disease, of which 661,000 individuals have renal failure, and 468,000 individuals require dialysis. There have been several advancements in dialysis treatment since its advent, most notably the creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for venous access in 1966. In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved two new devices for AVF creation using a percutaneous approach. These are the WavelinQ (Becton Dickinson, New Jersey) and the Ellipsys (Avenu Medical, California) endovascular AVF (endoAVF) devices that use radiofrequency and thermal technologies, respectively, to create the AVF. Since the introduction of these technologies, several studies have shown that they are safe and effective, with favorable durability and low rate of serious adverse events. In this article, we will discuss these two devices and the techniques used for percutaneous creation of dialysis AVF as an alternative to traditional open surgical techniques.
Stent Graft Outcomes in Dialysis Circuits: A Review of Clinical Trials and Literature
Authors: Pourmoussa Austin J. , Mahendra Ashwin M. , Peña Constantino S. , Powell Alex , Schiro Brian J. , Herrera Raul , Katzen Barry T. , Narayanan Govindarajan , Niekamp Andrew S. , Gandhi Ripal T.
Published: February 2022

End-stage renal disease is a prevalent medical condition causing significant problems as the majority of patients are being treated with dialysis. While dialysis provides a means to compensate for the renal impairment, arteriovenous grafts and fistulas are often complicated by neointimal hyperplasia, loss of primary patency, and graft failure. Over the last decade, stent grafts have emerged as an alternative to balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents for revascularization in the event of arteriovenous graft occlusion or stenosis. Several randomized controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of stent grafts compared with balloon angioplasty for improving the function and durability of dialysis circuits. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of clinical trials. Stent grafts appear to offer increased primary patency over balloon angioplasty in the treatment of dialysis circuit stenosis. However, there is generally no significant difference between the two treatment modalities on other clinically relevant measures like complication rates and overall survival.
Effect of Menopausal Status on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Single-Institution Retrospective Audit
Authors: Singh Akshita , Nair Nita S. , Gupta Sudeep , Parmar Vani , Prabhu Aruna , Hawaldar Rohini , Badwe Rajendra A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction Paclitaxel can cause peripheral neuropathy in up to 60% of patients. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) compromises quality of life and often leads to dose reduction or discontinuation of lifesaving chemotherapy. Preclinical models have suggested the possible neuroprotective effect of progesterone through remyelination and other mechanisms.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CIPN for different menopausal status.

Materials and Methods We evaluated the effect of menopausal status, as a surrogate for circulating progesterone levels, on the risk of developing paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, in an audit of breast cancer patients. Data on CIPN (by clinical history and examination) and other variables were collected from the case charts of patients who had received paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for breast cancer at our institution.

Results Five hundred and fifty women were treated with either neoadjuvant or adjuvant paclitaxel in this period. Of these, 262 (47.6%) women were premenopausal, 49 (8.9%) were perimenopausal, and 239 (43.5%) were postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis. Forty-five (8.1%) women had pre-existing diabetes mellitus. Two hundred and fifty-six (82.31%) developed chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA).

CIPN was seen in 32.7% of women who continued to be premenopausal after receiving chemotherapy and 62.3% of postmenopausal women. Thirty-five (77.8%) out of forty-five diabetic women developed CIPN. On a multivariate logistic regression model, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (risk ratio [RR] = 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.52, p = 0.009), postmenopausal (RR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.48–5.45, p = 0.002), and CIA status (RR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.14–4.12, p = 0.018) were significantly associated with the development of CIPN. Number of cycles did not appear to have an impact (p= 0.819).

Conclusions Postmenopausal status was independently associated with higher incidence of CIPN. One of the possible mechanisms could be lower circulating progesterone levels in these patients. A randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2015/11/006381) is ongoing to test this hypothesis.
Dual-pulse laser deposition offers greater control over plasma plumes
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2022

Examining the effects of a second laser pulse on plasma energy, duration, and behavior
A numerical and theoretical study of the multipactor appearance in the presence of a DC parallel electric field
Authors: Plaçais A. , Hillairet J. , Belhaj M. , Puech J.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the appearance of the multipactor in a simple system with a bottom plate holding a static potential Vd. We developed a numerical model to compute the evolution of the multipactor threshold as a function of the potential. We identify the nature of the resonant modes that appear at different Vd using resonance theory. Then, we use it to compute the theoretical threshold of the structure. As we use a very simplistic electron emission model to identify the multipactor modes, we compute the threshold in a more realistic configuration in a second step.
Plasmonic photo-catalysis using a CdS–silver nanowire composite
Authors: Alanazi Ahmed T. , Almohammed Sawsan , Rice James H.
Published: February 2022

We examine the potential of cadmium sulfide when combined with plasmonic nanostructures to support photo-induced catalysis. Super-bandgap irradiation of a silver nanowire and cadmium sulfide composite for the probe molecule p-aminothiophenol (PATP) showed the formation of dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) from PATP. Our results demonstrate that cadmium sulfide can be used as an alternative material to semiconductors, such as titanium dioxide, for plasmonic photocatalysis applications.
Photoluminescence spectrum of divacancy in porous and nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide
Authors: Csóré András , Mukesh Nain , Károlyházy Gyula , Beke David , Gali Adam
Published: February 2022

The divacancy in silicon carbide (SiC) is a prominent solid state defect quantum bit that bears a relatively strong fluorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance contrast (ODMR) at room temperature. These properties exemplify it for quantum sensing of biological molecules. To this end, we previously developed a top-down method to create divacancies in cubic SiC nanoparticles (NPs) as non-perturbative ODMR biomarkers. In this process, large SiC particles are synthesized and then stain etched to form porous SiC and then ultrasonication and filtering are applied to the solution to extract few nanometer diameter SiC NPs. We called this process no-photon exciton generation chemistry (NPEGEC). We showed that by adding aluminum to carbon and silicon in the synthesis process of cubic SiC, one can engineer divacancy defects in SiC NPs by NPEGEC. An alternative traditional way to introduce vacancies to the SiC lattice is irradiation. Here, we compare the fluorescence spectra of divacancies as created by neutron irradiation in porous cubic SiC and NPEGEC technique in SiC NPs, and the results are analyzed in detail by means of first principles calculations. We find that the irradiation technique produces a larger shift in the fluorescence spectrum with residual background fluorescence than that for divacancies in SiC NPs, which is most likely caused by the parasitic defects left after irradiation and annealing in the former sample. These results imply that the chemistry technique applied to prepare divacancies in few nanometer SiC NPs may preserve the bulk-like quality of divacancy quantum bits near the surface.
Micro-Raman characterization of homo-epitaxial n doped GaN layers for vertical device applications
Authors: Eric N’Dohi Atse Julien , Sonneville Camille , Phung Luong Viet , Ngo Thi Huong , De Mierry Philippe , Frayssinet Eric , Maher Hassan , Tasselli Josiane , Isoird Karine , Morancho Frédéric , Cordier Yvon , Planson Dominique
Published: February 2022

N-doped homo-epitaxial GaN samples grown on freestanding GaN substrates have been investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the E2h and the A1(LO) modes’ behavior has been performed while intentionally increasing the carrier density using silicon doping. We noticed that as the carrier concentration increases up to 1.8 × 1018 cm−3, the E2h mode remains unchanged. On the other hand, when the doping gets higher, the A1(LO) position shifts to a higher frequency range, its width becomes larger, and its intensity drastically diminishes. This change in the A1(LO) behavior is due to its interaction and its coupling with the free negative charge carriers. Furthermore, we calibrated the A1(LO) frequency position shift as a function of the n-carrier concentration. We found out that for low n doping, the change in the A1(LO) position can be considered as a linear variation while in the overall doping range, a sigmoid growth trend with a Boltzmann fit can be tentatively applied to describe the A1(LO) position shift. This calibration curve can also be used to describe the coupling strength between the carriers and the A1(LO) phonon. Eventually, this study shows that micro-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive tool to probe the doping concentration and the crystalline quality of GaN material with a microscopic spatial resolution.
Memory in the relaxation of a polymer density modulation
Authors: Müller Marcus
Published: February 2022

Using analytical considerations and particle-based simulations of a coarse-grained model, we study the relaxation of a density modulation in a polymer system without nonbonded interactions. We demonstrate that shallow density modulations with identical amplitudes and wavevectors that have been prepared by different processes exhibit different nonexponential decay behaviors. Thus, in contrast to the popular assumption of dynamic self-consistent field theory, the density alone does not suffice to characterize the configuration of the polymer system. We provide an analytic description within Linear-Response Theory (LRT) and the Rouse model that quantitatively agree with the results of the particle-based simulations. LRT is equivalent to a generalized model-B dynamics with an Onsager coefficient that is nonlocal in space and time. Alternatively, the Rouse description can be cast into a dynamic density-functional theory that uses the full probability distribution of single-chain configurations as a dynamic variable and yields a memory-free description of the dynamics that quantitatively accounts for the dependence on the preparation process. An approximate scheme that only considers the joint distribution of the first two Rouse modes—the ellipsoid model—is also explored.
Low-threshold single-mode laser in perovskite microdiscs direct-synthesized into planar microcavity
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Xinchao , Liu Qingquan , Sun Liaoxin , Wang Shaowei , Shen Xuechu , Lu Wei
Published: February 2022

Low-threshold single-mode laser in CsPbBr3 microdiscs grown between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is realized at room temperature. The CsPbBr3 microdiscs are directly synthesized on the surface of prepared first-half DBRs microcavity by a chemical vapor deposition method. This scheme avoids possible surface damage or contamination caused by the traditional transfer of sample into the DBRs. The single-mode laser with low threshold (∼1.3 μJ/cm2) was obtained in the CsPbBr3 microdiscs sandwiched in DBRs and measured by using the micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. The length of the resonant cavity is short enough to support a large free spectral range, which ensures only one mode in the bandwidth of the optical gain. Moreover, by modulating the thickness of the CsPbBr3 microdiscs, the wavelength of single-mode laser emission can be broadly tuned from 529.6 to 544.1 nm. This work provides a method of fabricating single-mode laser in DBRs, which may have potential applications in on-chip integration of optoelectronic devices and signal processing.
Enhancing mechanical properties of metallic materials by architecting gradient structures
Authors: Shi Yindong , Shang Wei , Wang Tingting , Zhang Xiliang , Liang Shunxing , Lv Zheng , Wang Lina , Liu Hongji , Xing Zhenguo , Xu Dong
Published: February 2022

Here, two types of gradient structures (GS), i.e. gradient dislocation structure (GDS) and gradient grain structure (GGS) are successfully constructed. Results indicate that the relationship between the strength and ductility of the samples with GDS and GGS is referred to as an inverse linear rule, which is in stark contrast to and superior to the banana-shaped strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in monolithic materials. In low-strength ( σy∼400–550 MPa) range, plausible strength-ductility-toughness synergies can be achieved by both the GDS and GGS, however, in high-strength ( σy∼550–750 MPa) range, much better strength-ductility-toughness combinations are presented by the GGS than those by the GDS. For the GGS, the formation of strong 〈110〉 fibre texture in the tensile direction is beneficial for enhancing the high strength-ductility-toughness synergy.
Orbit-Transfer Torque Driven Field-Free Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization
Authors: Ye Xing-Guo , Zhu Peng-Fei , Xu Wen-Zheng , Shang Nianze , Liu Kaihui , Liao Zhi-Min
Published: February 2022

The reversal of perpendicular magnetization (PM) by electric control is crucial for high-density integration of low-power magnetic random-access memory. Although the spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit torque technologies have been used to switch the magnetization of a free layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the former has limited endurance because of the high current density directly through the junction, while the latter requires an external magnetic field or unconventional configuration to break the symmetry. Here we propose and realize the orbit-transfer torque (OTT), that is, exerting torque on the magnetization using the orbital magnetic moments, and thus demonstrate a new strategy for current-driven PM reversal without external magnetic field. The perpendicular polarization of orbital magnetic moments is generated by a direct current in a few-layer WTe2 due to the existence of nonzero Berry curvature dipole, and the polarization direction can be switched by changing the current polarity. Guided by this principle, we construct the WTe2/Fe3GeTe2 heterostructures to achieve the OTT driven field-free deterministic switching of PM.
The effect of fabric properties on the performance of a textile based ferroelectret generator toward human body energy harvesting
Authors: Shi Junjie , Beeby Steve P
Published: February 2022

This paper reports the lamination of two thin fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) films onto the back and front surfaces of a conventional textile forming a sandwich structure which creates a textile-based ferroelectret. In this work, we study the effect of the physical properties and dimensions of the textile on the piezoelectric properties and energy harvesting performance of the ferroelectret. Five different fabrics with different thicknesses and Young’s modulus were used to form textile based ferroelectret harvesters. Thinner textiles result in increased piezoelectric properties of the fabricated FEP textile ferroelectret. The highest measured stable maximum piezoelectric coefficientd33of 987 pC N−1was achieved by the thinnest silk textile FEP ferroelectret. The energy harvester based on the FEP-silk textile ferroelectret generates a peak output power density of 2.26µW cm−2. The textile ferroelectret can charge a 10µF capacitor used to store the harvested energy to 3.2 V in 40 s. This corresponds to an average output power of 1.07µW when subjected to compressive pressures of 30 kPa applied at a frequency of 1 Hz with a 90 MΩ loading resistance.
Active Extrinsic Calibration of Encoder and LIDAR for Robot
Authors: Yi Tong , Lan Bin , Wang Xueqian , Liang Bin
Published: February 2022

Robotic extrinsic calibration is a prerequisite for multi-sensor data fusion, which provides a transformation between coordinate systems of different sensors. For wheeled robots equipped with encoder and other sensors, the existing usual calibration process is completed by professional calibration engineers, or just randomly, which is not efficient and may cause motion degradation or unknown uncertainty. In this paper, we propose an active extrinsic calibration algorithm for encoder and 2D LIDAR. The trajectory in the calibration process is planned in belief space, which is optimized to get the calibration value with the minimized uncertainty. Our method doesn’t rely on maximum-likelihood observations assumption, and can also work in discontinuous sensing domain. The simulation is conducted to validate the method.
Path Planning for Mobile Robots Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm with Gaussian Distribution
Authors: Li Chenyang , Liu Qianjie , Song Shuang , Huang Tengchao , Zhu Qingyuan
Published: February 2022

Optimal path planning for mobile robots in complex environments has the problem of tangential collision with obstacles. This paper proposed an ant colony algorithm based on Gaussian distributed pheromone volatile mechanism (GD-ACO). The algorithm can reduce the collision probability with obstacles during the search navigation, and it increased the search efficiency and avoidance capability of mobile robot in complex environment path planning. Firstly, we established a grid environment model and introduced a Gaussian distribution pheromone volatility mechanism to perform optimal path planning. Secondly, we introduced right triangle constraints to eliminate the unqualified paths and reduce the complexity of the algorithm through a pheromone reward mechanism. Finally, by improving the heuristic information function distribution of the ant colony algorithm, it solved the algorithm cannot effectively converge to the optimal solution when encountering special obstacle distribution and achieved more efficient obstacle avoidance. Compared with other path planning algorithms, it can effectively generate a collision-free path. The simulation experiments show the improved ant colony algorithm has better obstacle avoidance capability and faster performance, and the proposed method can effectively find the optimal collision-free path through experimental verification.
The System Design and Robotic Manipulation Skills of Dualarm Autonomous Mobile Robot for Bomb Removing
Authors: Zhao Dan , Sun Fuchun , Li Linxiang
Published: February 2022

Bomb removing is a very challenging but valuable task in urban anti-terrorist or military applications. With the rapid development of technologies of intelligent robots in these years, the intelligence and security level of bomb removing process can be largely improved by using the autonomous mobile robotic systems. In this paper, a dual-arm autonomous mobile robot for bomb removing is proposed which is designed by Tsinghua University. The system design is introduced which mainly consists of the structure and multimodal perception module of the designed system. Besides, manipulation performance is one of the most important functional attributes in bomb removing. Therefore, the manipulation skills for the bomb removing applications are analyzed which adopt the idea of primitives, and skill decomposition and synthesis. Moreover, a knowledge graph for bomb removing is established in the paper and a knowledge based method for the manipulation skills learning is presented. Finally, simulations and experiments have been carried out in the platform to validate the proposed method in the paper and designed bomb removing mobile robot.
SemEAGAT: A Novel Approach by Incorporating Semantic Dependency Graph in Event Detection
Authors: Xi Yuqi , Lu Jiamin , Hang Tingting , Zhang Yunfei , Wang Zhongyi , Feng Jun
Published: February 2022

Event detection (ED) is a task that requires capturing deep semantic information in text to correctly identify specific types of events. Semantic dependency graph aims to recover sentence-internal predicate-argument relationships. However, recent ED researches often use syntactic dependency tree in GNNs, while we believe that the semantic dependency graph can further improve the ED task’s effectiveness since it has already been used in many other NLP tasks such as relation extraction, machine translation and abstractive summarization to provide effective semantic information, which is exactly required for event detection. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic dependency edges aware graph attention network (SemEAGAT). It incorporates the semantic dependency graph with an additional multi-head attention in an edge-aware way. Experiments on ACE2005 show our proposed method can achieve better effectiveness by comparing with the state-of-the-art methods.
Joint Dilated Convolution and Self-attention for Cross-domain Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Gu Tong , Xu Guoliang , Liu Xuemei , Luo Jiangtao
Published: February 2022

Cross-domain sentiment analysis aims to use source domain resources or models to serve the sentiment analysis tasks in the target domain, and it can effectively alleviate the problem of insufficient tagged data in the target domain. In this paper, we investigate deep transfer learning for text sentiment analysis, and focus on customer reviews for different domains. Given the shortcomings of the conventional deep neural network, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) cannot obtain the long-term dependence between features, recurrent neural network (RNN) cannot achieve parallel computing, we propose a novel neural network which joint dilated convolution and self-attention (ADC). The ADC takes residual learning as its basic framework, which can capture more distant information by introducing a dilation rate in the convolution. Self-attention is used to make the ADC pay more attention to important sentiment information. First, the ADC is pre-trained with the data of the source domain, and the weight of the pre-training is frozen. Then, the model is fine-tuned by the method of gradual unfreezing, and the weight is updated through the data of the target domain. Finally, the updated model can be utilized for the target domain sentiment analysis. By using customer review datasets, we carry out extensive experiments to demonstrate that this method has superior performance and can better achieve cross-domain sentiment analysis.
Research on Effective Path Planning Algorithm Based on Improved A* Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Zengyuan , Wang Yi , Zhang Fan , Li Yunsong
Published: February 2022

In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, mobile robots are being applied in all aspects of production and life. The A* algorithm can be used for global path planning of mobile robots. Aimed at the problem of the traditional A* algorithm planning path having many turning points and do not satisfying the global optimality, an A* algorithm based on the adaptive neighborhood search and steering cost has been proposed. Based on the information of the surrounding obstacles, the algorithm adaptively selects the appropriate neighborhood to search for the optimal child node. By establishing the steering cost model of the mobile robot, the steering cost is joined into the evaluation function of the A* algorithm. Based on the adaptive neighborhood search, the A* algorithm with steering cost breaks through the constraint of eight neighborhood search nodes, shortens the path length, and uses the steering cost to search for the global optimal path with fewer turning points. The simulation results show that compared to the traditional A* algorithm, the total path cost of the A* algorithm based on adaptive neighborhood search and steering cost is reduced by 19.3%, and the number of turning points is reduced by 44.4%.
The effect of adding impurities to the high density fuel matrix on the reactivity of the RSG-GAS core
Authors: Tukiran S , Surian P , Endiah PH
Published: February 2022

The safety calculation of the RSG-GAS reactor core needs to be done if new high-density fuel is used in the RSG-GAS core. The use of new high-density fuels is very much needed in the RSG-GAS core so that it is necessary to calculate its safety. When using high density fuel there will be a “bottle neck” effect where there is a problem with the fuel and cladding interaction. According to previous researchers this can be overcome by adding metal elements Si, Ni or Ti to fuel. However, with the addition of metal elements Si, Ni or Ti to the fuel, it needs to be analyzed in the RSG-GAS core. The analysis was carried out calculations using a computer program by simulating the Si metal used 1%, 2%, 3% 4% and 5% in the fuel. The calculation of the additional metal element in the high-density fuel effect on the reactivity of the RSG-GAS core was carried out with the WIMSD-5B and Batan-FUEL programs. The WIMSD-5B program is a computer program consisting of several modules including the transport module which is used for the calculation of the generation of macroscopic constants for the 19.75% enriched uranium silicide fuel and the density of 4.8 gU/cc as a function of degree of burn. Core calculations were performed using a neutron diffusion program, namely Batan-FUEL. By calculating the core criticality at operating temperature, the core neutronic parameter values are obtained. The results of the analysis show that the amount of Si 5% in the high density fuel matrix can solve the bottle neck problem and the neutronic parameters are still within the safety limit. This value will determine how much the value of the fuel burn up and control rods are in accordance with the acceptance criteria so that the safety analysis can be carried out on the RSG-GAS core using high density. From the analysis, it was found that the addition of the element Si in the high-density fuel matrix did not find any significant changes in core reactivity and neutronic parameter.