bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Trials and Tribulations of Zimbabwean Precarious Women Workers in Johannesburg: A Cry for Help?
Authors: Hlatshwayo Mondli
Published: June 2019

There is a growing literature on the conditions of Zimbabwean women working as migrant workers in South Africa, specifically in cities like Johannesburg. Based on in-depth interviews and documentary analysis, this empirical research paper contributes to scholarship examining the conditions of migrant women workers from Zimbabwe employed as precarious workers in Johannesburg by zooming in on specific causes of migration to Johannesburg, the journey undertaken by the migrant women to Johannesburg, challenges of documentation, use of networks to survive in Johannesburg, employment of the women in precarious work, and challenges in the workplace. Rape and sexual violence are threats that face the women interviewed during migration to Johannesburg and even when in Johannesburg. The police who are supposed to uphold and protect the law are often found to be perpetrators involved in various forms of violence against women. In the workplace, the women earn starvation wages and work under poor working conditions. Human rights organizations and trade unions are unable to reach the many migrant women because of the sheer volume of violations against workers’ rights and human rights.
“I Mean, Define Meaningful!”: Accounts of Meaningfulness among Restaurant Employees
Authors: Shigihara Amanda Michiko
Published: June 2019

Drawing on ethnographic data collected over a five-year period, this study addresses the complex topic of what constitutes meaningful lives. This research examines restaurant employees’ accounts of meaningfulness in and outside their workplaces. The meaning they ascribe to their jobs and activities external to work reveals five categories of meaningfulness: Helping, Mentoring, Expanding, Belonging, and Supplementation. Regardless of popular opinion, which marks restaurant work as meaningless, the data show how and why restaurant employees construct meaningfulness from the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of their jobs. Additionally, this investigation sheds light on how social constructions of meaning have the potential to contribute to and diminish one’s sense of meaningfulness. This study provides a more comprehensive and inclusionary perspective of the related concepts of meaning, meaningfulness, and meaningful work. Specifically, meaningfulness exists in quotidian and extraordinary experiences, and the workers engage in, understand, and appreciate both.
Monitoring of potential contaminants in beer from the Czech Republic
Authors: Olšovská Jana , Jandovská Vladimíra , Běláková Sylvie , Kubizniaková Petra , Vrzal Tomáš , Štěrba Karel
Published: June 2019

The health safety of beer is still a discussed topic. In the Czech Republic, there is a well-developed system for controlling the content of potential beer contaminants, which are regularly attended by a number of large and medium-sized breweries and are organized by laboratories of the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. For many years aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, biogenic amines, nitrates, phthalates, ATNC, nitrosamines, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, mycotoxins, coliforms, and recently pesticides in beer have been analyzed. This study summarizes five-year results and extends information about the origin, health risks and hygiene limits of controlled substances and bacteria in beer. The study proves that the level of health safety of beers in the Czech Republic is very high, which is closely related to the high hygiene level of controlled breweries. The number of positive samples was only minor, 8 positive samples were found in 220 beer samples controlled for 44 chemical contaminants. Three positive samples contaminated by coliform bacteria were found among 675 controlled ones.
PENGARUH MENDENGARKAN MUROTTAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP MEMORI KERJA
Authors: Aziza Istiqomah Nur , Wiyono Nanang , Fitriani Afia
Published: June 2019

It is important to optimize working memory because it transforms, synergizes and constantly updates new and old information. One way to optimize working memory is to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an, because it has a harmonious tone which can stabilize the mind to properly process the information. This study aims to determine the effect of listening to the Al-Quran murottal on working memory. The research subjects were 24 students of Psikologi 2017, grouped equally in the control and experimental groups. An experimental intervention was administered for 15 consecutive days lasting 15 minutes and 52 seconds. Measurements in working memory use Operation Span Task, Reading Span Task and Symmetry Span Task. The design of the study used a pre-test post-test control group and the data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on the symmetry span task subtest (p = 0.044, p <0.05).
QALBUN HEALING BERBASIS TASAWUF : UPAYA MENYEHATKAN JIWA TERHADAP HOMOSEKSUAL
Authors: Rahmatullah Azam Syukur
Published: June 2019

The healing to the homosexual is not easy, it is not just to do ritualistic daily-worship and after that to be healed, certainly it is not easy. The handling for them is special, the central zone is in the heart. It the mean, the central heating for the homosexual is in the heart, called qalbun healing. The approach of it using qalbun healingis special, caused rich of spiritualistic-religious, it named tasawuf with the thariqah to guide the person go to an-nur Allah. There are many religious-method was used in the homosexual that wants to heal and having good behavior by mursyid that teacher-spiritual avowed virtuous, knowledge, and behavior. The formula, these are;taubat an-nasuha, al-zuhud, al-wara’, al-tawakal, al-mahabbah dan al-ma’rifah. The formula can estrange from homosexual behavior if welldoing and istiqamah.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii SEBAGAI MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF) DENGAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Alamsjah Moch. Amin , W Kurnia Ayu K. , Rahardja Boedi Setya
Published: June 2019

Diperlukan alternatif pengganti penggunaan kayu di dalam pembuatan papan komposit. Salah satu jenis produk papan komposit adalah Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF). Salah satu jenis alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti kayu dalam pembuatan MDF adalah limbah rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan dan penggunaan konsentrasi perekat yang optimal dalam pemanfaatan limbah rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii sebagai Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) terhadap pengujian secara fisis dan mekanis. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah penambahan konsentrasi perekat, yaitu A (0%), B (6%), C (9%) dan D (12%), dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kerapatan (gr/cm3), kadar air(%), daya serap(%), pengembangan tebal(%), keteguhan lentur(kgf/cm2), keteguhan patah(kgf/cm2) dan kuat pegang sekrup (kgf). Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat pengaruh terhadap hasil dilakukan uji jarak Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi perekat berpengaruh terhadap daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, keteguhan lentur dan keteguhan patah (p<0,01), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan, kadar air dan kuat pegang sekrup MDF (p<0,01). Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan D (12%) dengan nilai kerapatan 0,65 gr/cm3, pengembangan tebal 7,86%, keteguhan lentur 1,68x104 kgf/cm2 , keteguhan patah 246,27 kgf/cm2 dan kuat pegang sekrup 34,72 kgf yang secara umum telah memenuhi standar JIS kecuali nilai kadar air dan daya serap air. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan MDF yang memenuhi standar secara sempurna.
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN PRESENTASI IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) YANG TERINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila YANG DIPELIHARA DI KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI BOZEM MORO KREMBANGAN, SURABAYA
Authors: Prayogi Yudha Teguh , Kusdarwati Rahayu , Kismiyati Kismiyati
Published: June 2019

Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan ikan perairan tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Meningkatnya permintaan pasar domestik serta peluang ekspor ke beberapa negara, berdampak pula pada semakin meningkatkan minat pengusaha dan pengembangan dari teknologi budidaya intensif pada ikan ini. Ketersediaan ikan lele dumbo masih belum mencukupi permintaan pasar, salah satu penyebabnya adalah tingginya mortalitas ikan lele dumbo yang terinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Aeromonas hydrophila adalah bakteri penyebab penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) yang menyerang beberapa jenis ikan air tawar. Penyakit ini merupakan masalah serius pada usaha budidaya baik budidaya intensif maupun tradisional. Penyakit tersebut di Asia Tenggara, pertama kali terjadi di Jawa Barat pada tahun 1980 yang menyebabkan kematian sebanyak 82,2 ton ikan air tawar dalam sebulan, sementara di Jawa Tengah tahun 1984, sebanyak 1,6 ton ikan lele mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui identifikasi dan persentasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo yang dibudidayakan di bozem Moro Krembangan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Metode Penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Parameter utama yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah identifikasi dan persentasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo yang dibudidayakan di bozem Moro Krembangan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Sedangkan parameter penunjang dalam penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu nilai kualitas air yang meliputi pH, temperatur, ammonia dan Oksigen terlarut yang diukur selama kegiatan pengambilan sampel dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 sampel yang diambil dari 2 keramba, 19 ekor ikan positif terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Nilai persentasi Aeromonas hydrophila yang menginfeksi ikan lele dumbo di Moro Krembangan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur yaitu sebesar 95%.
PERUBAHAN HEMATOLOGI IKAN MAS KOMET (Carassius auratus auratus) AKIBAT INFESTASI Argulus japonicus JANTAN dan Argulus japonicus BETINA
Authors: Riantono Fatih , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Sulmartiwi Laksmi
Published: June 2019

Penyakit pada budidaya ikan hias terutama yang disebabkan oleh ektoparasit. Ektoparasit merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya nilai jual komoditas ikan hias yang ada di Indonesia. Infestasi tingkat akut Argulus. japonicus dapat mengakibatkan kematian dan kerugian ekonomi bagi pembudidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan hematologi ikan mas komet (Carassius auratus auratus) yang diinfestasi A. japonicus jantan dan A. japonicus betina pada derajat infestasi berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga dan Laboratorium klinik Kedokteran Hewan Univeristas Airlangga serta Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Surabaya pada bulan Oktober 2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode eksperimental. Data hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit dianalisa dengan menggunakan ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dalam kelompok penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan dengan dua kelompok. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan hematologi akibat infestasi A. japonicus. Kegiatan skoring dilakukan untuk menentukan perubahan hematologi ikan mas komet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infestasi parasit A. japonicus mengakibatkan perubahan hematologi yaitu hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, dan leukosit ikan mas komet. Diharapkan dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pengaruh lain yang ditimbulkan karena akibat dari infestasi A. japonicus pada ikan. Langkah pencegahan dan pengobatan yang sesuai untuk menjaga kesehatan ikan hias secara umum supaya terlihat tetap mempunyai nilai estetika.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AIR PANAS Spirulina platensis PADA PAKAN TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP DAN TOTAL HEMOSIT UDANG VANAME SETELAH DIINFEKSI DENGAN Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Puspitarani Ayu , Satyantini Woro Hastuti , Kusdarwati Rahayu
Published: June 2019

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan suatu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi penting. Produksi udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) mengalami kendala akibat adanya wabah penyakit. Salah satunya adalah akibat serangan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Bakteri ini menyebabkan mortalitastinggi. Penanggulanganya umumnya menggunakan antibiotik namun berdampak pada munculnya resistensi bakteri dan residu pada udang. Aplikasi penggunaan bahan alami sebagai imunostimulan seperti Spirulina platensis dalam bentuk ekstrak air panas diketahui memiliki efek stimulator sehingga dapat meningkatkan respon imun pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Respon imun ini diperlihatkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah total hemosit yang berpengaruh langsung dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis pada pakan terhadap total hemosit (Total Haemocyte Count) dan nilai kelangsungan hidup udang vaname setelah diuji tantang dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan (0 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, dan 800 mg/kg) dan 4 kali ulangan. Udang vaname diberikan pakan dengan kandungan ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis selama 14 hari kemudian pada hari ke-15 udang diuji tantang dengan cara diinjeksi dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi dosis 106 CFU/ml pada bagian segmen abdominal. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah total hemosit (Total Haemocyte Count) yaitu pada hari ke-0, ke-14, ke-16 dan ke-26. Pengamatan terhadap nilai SR (Survival Rate) dilakukan selama sepuluh hari pasca udang diinfeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah total hemosit pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) akibat pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis). Pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis juga efektif meningkatkan nilai kelangsungan hidup (Survival rate) udang vaname pasca infeksi dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi dengan perlakuan terbaik pada dosis sebesar 800 mg/kg pakan.
PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FITASE PADA PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP NILAI KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN ENERGI IKAN BAUNG (Mystus nemurus) DENGAN TEKNIK PEMBEDAHAN
Authors: Rochmawati Aprillia Mawaddah , Arief Muhammad , Prayogo Prayogo
Published: June 2019

Ikan baung (Mystus nemurus) merupakan komoditas air tawar asli Indonesia yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam usaha pengembangan pakan buatan ikan baung untuk benih adalah pemanfaatan protein nabati dalam pakan belum optimal. Bahan-bahan nabati seperti tepung bungkil kedelai, jagung dan dedak padi. Kelompok tumbuhan dalam bentuk biji-bijian seperti padi, kacang-kacangan dan kelapa di dalamnya terdapat asam fitat. Asam fitat dapat bereaksi membentuk senyawa komplek dengan kalsium, magnesium, tembaga, seng, karbohidrat dan protein sehingga dapat mengurangi kecernaan nutrien tersebut. Salah satu enzim eksonegus pemecah asam fitat adalah enzim fitase. Fitase adalah enzim yang mampu menghidrolisa asam fitat menjadi inositol dan asam fosfat. Inositol merupakan salah satu vitamin yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan normal tubuh, pemeliharaan dan reproduksi. Asam fosfat berperan dalam aktivitas metabolisme dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai kecernaan protein dan energi ikan baung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni di Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Airlangga. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Parameter utama nilai kecernaan protein dan enegiikan baung yang diujikan di Laboratorium Pakan Ternak, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Airlangga. Parameter pendukung yang diamati yaitu kualitas air pemeliharaan ikan baung. Penambahan enzim fitase pada dosis 450 mg dapat meningkatkan nilai kecernaan protein dengan rata-rata 97,18% - 97,86%. Penambahan enzim fitase pada dosis 450 mg dapat menaikkan kecernaan energi dengan rata-rata 96,97% - 97,99%.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI NaOH DAN SUHU BERBEDA TERHADAP NILAI DERAJAT DEASETILASI KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG KERANG KAMPAK (Atrina pectinata)
Authors: Citrowati Anggun Nurani , Satyantini Woro Hastuti , Mahasri Gunanti
Published: June 2019

Kerang kampak (Atrina pectinata) adalah jenis kerang komoditas perikanan Indonesia yang mengalami kenaikan permintaan tiap tahun. Kerang kampak yang dikonsumsi akan menghasilkan limbah padat berupa cangkang. Secara umum, limbah cangkang kerang memiliki kandungan kitin yang dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut menjadi produk bernilai tinggi yaitu kitosan. Salah satu paramerter penentu kualitas kitosan adalah nilai derajat deasetilasi. Nilai derajat deasetilasi dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi NaOH dan suhu yang digunakan pada proses deasetilasi. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi NaOH dan suhu yang digunakan, semakin tinggi nilai derajat deasetilasi. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi alkali dan suhu yang terlalu tinggi dapat menurunkan rendemen kitosan serta menyebabkan depolimerasi dan degradasi polimer. Kombinasi konsentrasi NaOH dan suhu proses yang tepat akan menghasilkan kitosan dengan nilai derajat deasetilasi yang tinggi dan mutu yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dan perlakuan terbaik dari kombinasi NaOH dan suhu berbeda terhadap nilai derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang dihasilkan dari cangkang kerang kampak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua kombinansi faktor perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi NaOH (50%, 55% dan 60%) dan suhu (100oC dan 130oC) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi NaOH dan suhu pada proses deasetilasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai derajat deasetilasi kitosan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa deasetilasi menggunakan perlakuan kombinasi NaOH 55% dan suhu 100oC merupakan perlakuan yang cukup baik untuk menghasilkan kitosan dari cangkang kerang kampak yang menghasilkan nilai derajat deasetilasi sebesar 71,70%, rendemen sebesar 47,25%, kadar abu sebesar 84,32% dan kadar air sebesar 0,25%.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA BENIH IKAN KERAPU CANTANG (Epinephelus sp.) DARI KOLAM PENDEDERAN BALAI PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA AIR PAYAU (BPBAP) SITUBONDO, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Dahlia Dahlia , Suprapto Hari , Kusdarwati Rahayu
Published: June 2019

Usaha budidaya ikan kerapu mempunyai prospek yang cukup baik untuk dikembangkan. Perkembangan produksi ikan kerapu cantang (Epinephelus sp.) menunjukkan kinerja yang cukup baik dengan peningkatan produksi rata-rata dari tahun 2010-2014 sebesar 9,61%. Kendala yang sering dihadapi pada kegiatan budidaya ikan kerapu adalah terjadinya serangan bakteri, salah satunya bakteri patogen. Serangan bakteri patogen menimbulkan penurunan kualitas dan tingkat produksi pada usaha pembenihan maupun pendederan ikan kerapu, bahkan kematian serta kegagalan panen dapat terjadi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Kesehatan dan Lingkungan BPBAP Situbondo dan di Laboratorium Bakteri Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas I Juanda, Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri pada benih ikan kerapu cantang di kolam pendederan BPBAP Situbondo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi. Observasi yaitu melakukan pengamatan secara langsung ke objek penelitian untuk melihat dari dekat kegiatan yang dilakukan. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pada benih ikan kerapu cantang dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya bakteri pada benih ikan kerapu cantang dari kolam pendederan Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BPBAP) Situbondo, Jawa Timur yaitu bakteri Vibrio alginolitycus, Vibrio harveyi dan Streptococcus iniae. Faktor terbesar yang mempengaruhi tertularnya bakteri pada benih ikan kerapu cantang antara lain adanya agen patogen dari pakan ikan rucah yang kualitasnya kurang bagus serta sifat kanibalisme ikan yang menyebabkan luka di permukaan tubuh ikan sehingga bakteri mudah masuk ke tubuh ikan dan menimbulkan infeksi.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PREVALENSI CACING ENDOPARASIT PADA IKAN SWANGGI (Priacanthus macracanthus) DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA BRONDONG, LAMONGAN
Authors: Liananda Ferry Dwi Firmansyah , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Mahasri Gunanti , Sari Putri Desi Wulan
Published: June 2019

Ikan swanggi (Priacanthus macracanthus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan laut yang memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 83,4%. Harga Ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) mencapai Rp.9.000/kg merupakan ikan yang memiliki permintaan pasar tinggi. Ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat masih berasal dari tangkapan alam, dimana kualitas airnya tidak terkontrol sehingga ikan mudah terserang parasit. Penyakit yang menyerang Ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor kondisi lingkungan yang kurang baik sehingga menurunkan daya tahan tubuh, menyebabkan ikan mudah terinfeksi oleh cacing endoparasit seperti Anisakis simplex. Cacing ini bersifat zoonosis dan dapat menginfeksi manusia, oleh karena itu dilakukan identifikasi dan prevalensi cacing endoparasit pada ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk identifikasi dan mengetahui prevalensi spesies cacing endoparasit apa saja yang menginfeksi ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) dari hasil tangkapan nelayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei melalui pengambilan sampel pada lokasi secara langsung. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ikan ditentukan dengan cara sengaja atau dengan metode purposive sampling (Silalahi, 2003). Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak (random sampling) terhadap ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Brondong, Lamongan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan Cacing A. simplex pada organ otot dinding dalam abdomen, lambung, ginjal, hati, usus, dan gonad ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus). Faktor yang mempengaruhi ditemukannya Larva stadium tiga A. simplex ialah makanan dari ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus). Umumnya ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) yang merupakan ikan karnivora memakan invertebrata (copepods atau crustacea) yang mengandung Larva stadium dua Anisakis simplex, cacing ini bersifat zoonosis. Total prevalensi cacing A. simplex yang ditemukan pada ikan swanggi (P. macracanthus) adalah 90 ekor ikan (74,99%).dan termasuk dalam kategori usually.
Pneumonitis Akut dan Gagal Napas Setelah Mendapatkan Injeksi Silikon Cair di Payudara
Authors: Laili Cut Diana , Maranatha Daniel
Published: June 2019

Background; Liquid silicone is a synthetic polymer incorporating oxygen and the semimetallic element silicon. It is widely  used in plastic and reconstructive surgery as it displays little change in physical characteristicswith temperature and age, is poorly  immunogenic, and is not carcinogenic. Case; We report a case of a 27-year-old woman presented to the hospital with the chief complain  progressive shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, hemoptysis and fever after liquid silicone injections to the  mammae for cosmetic augmentation. Physical examination: tachycardia, tachypneu, hypertermia and diffuse rhonchi throughout the  lungs. Abnormalities laboratory tests gave leuchositosis, granulositosis, increasing trassaminase serum, D-dimer elevation, Arterial  blood gas analysis results respiratory disstres tipe 1. Chest radiograph showed difus bilateral infiltrates, CT angiography was negative  for an acute embolus but demonstrated infiltrates in superior lobus dextra, segment lateral lobus medius dan segment apicoposterior  Sinistra. Conclusion;  Patients with diagnosis of acut pneumonitis and respiratory disstres syndroma after liquid silicone injection to  the mammae, supportive therapy with O2 Ventilator and methylprednisolon low dose gives satisfactory result with radiological and  clinical
Seorang Perempuan Perokok Tembakau dan Mariyuana dengan Pneumotoraks Spontan Primer Akibat Blep Multipel yang Pecah
Authors: Kusmatuti Yenny , Marhana Isnin Anang
Published: June 2019

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) can be caused by a ruptured blep emfisematus subpleural. People who smoke tobacco and marijuana simultaneously arise PSP will be more risky than just smoking tobacco. Pneumothorax in cannabis smokers may occur due to coughing at the time was holding their breath, when they were smoking marijuana. Case: We report the case of 33-year-old woman with recurrent shortness of breath as a result of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the right hemithorax. The patient’s tobacco and marijuana smokers. Patients had undergone previous pleurodesis. Chest X-ray picture of the lines conveniently indicates lung collapse and air-fluid level in the right hemithorax. Thoracoscopic showed a large bronchopleural fistula. During thoracotomy found one bronkopeural fistula, three large blep, and more than 15 small blep. Then do the suturing of fistula and blep. Patients recover in a short time and in good condition during treatment. Conclusion: Tobacco and marijuana smoking is a risk factor that is synergistic to the occurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. These patients consume both are irregular but have resulted in multiple blep that can rupture and cause a pneumothorax.
Pengaruh Jintan Hitam (Nigella Sativa) pada Konversi Sputum dan IFN- γ Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru yang Mendapat OAT Kategori I pada Akhir Minggu Kedua Fase Intensif
Authors: Nurdin Ahmad , Hasan Helmia
Published: June 2019

Background: Primary resistance is the resistance that occurs in patients who have never received treatment OAT or had ever received  treatment OAT is less than 1 month. The incidence of primary MDR in Central Java in 2006 2.07%. Extrapulmonary TB about 15-20%  of all cases of TB, and TB lymphadenitis is the highest form (35% of all extrapulmonary TB). Patients with decreased immune systems  (SLE) can increase the incidence of TB. Research in Spain get 6x higher TB incidence in patients with SLE. Case: We present the case  of 19 year old woman SLE who received treatment for 11 months whose came with shortness of breath and chronic cough since 2 month  prior to admission. In physical examination we found right and left submandibula lymphonodi enlargement as solid, slightly mobile  nodule with diameter 3 cm. Chest X ray showed lung inflammation which suspicion of specific process and minimal left pleural effusion,  and concluded as pulmonary TB. FNAB confirmed lymphadenitis TB with granulomatous inflammation. One of AFB result is positive  and Gene Xpert is M.tb positive with rifampicin resistant that make this patient categorized as primary MDR TB with lymphadenitis  TB. This patient received Pirazinamid 1500 mg, Ethambutol 800 mg, Kanamicin 750 mg, Levofloxacin 750 mg, Ethionamide 500 mg,  Cicloserin 500 mg, and B6 100 mg. Conclusion: MDR TB in general occur in patients with a history of OAT previous TB (MDR TB  secondary). Primary MDR TB with lymphadenitis tb is a rare case, but can occur on the condition that decreases the immune system,  one of SLE. This involves multiple immune disorders caused by the use of long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
Seorang Perempuan Terinfeksi Tuberkulosis dengan Manifestasi Sindroma Distres Napas Akut (ARDS)
Authors: Widyaningsih Putu Dyah , Koesoemoprodjo Winariani
Published: June 2019

Tuberculosis remains a global issue throughout the world. Indonesia currently ranks 4th worldwide. Although rarely reported, TB could be one of the etiologies of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A 27-year-old woman was admitted with shortness of breath 12 days post partum with cough, loss of appetite and malaise. Chest examination revealed increased fremitus on both lungs and rhonchi on 2/3 lower part of the lung. There was edema on both of the leg. Radiologic finding suggested reticulogranuler pattern on both lungs. Laboratory showed granulocytosis, anemia and hypoalbumin with severe hypoxemia and PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 107. Transthoracic Echocardiography showed PCWP of 12,25 mmHg. Patient was diagnosed with moderate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome but there was no improvement after definitive antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical judgment, patients suspected of having tuberculosis and given anti tuberculosis drugs with a regimen of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin along with methylprednisolone and supportive therapy. Microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli sputum shows positive result one day after the treatment started. Patient was showing significant improvement and declare cured after completed 6 month of therapy. Conclusions: Although the incidence is rare, tuberculosis can act as the primary cause of ARDS. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is the key point of this case. Initial therapy along with good supportive therapy should be given to ARDS patient while the underlying cause is treated.
Tuberkulosis Serviks pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Tantri Renny Irviana Eka , Ngurah Rai Ida Bagus
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Global Tuberculosis Report 2011 stated the incidence of TB cases reached 8.7 million (1.1 million co-infected with HIV) and 990,000 people died because of TB. Twenty five percent of extrapulmonary TB occurs in cervix, which is 0.1 to 0.65% of all TB cases, and 5-24% of TB in urogenital tract. Case: We report the case of a woman, aged 28 years admitted with complaint hematuria since 6 months. With UTI treatment, Patient didn’t get improved. Gynecology examination within normal limit. The results of cervical biopsy were granulomatous chronic inflammation with suppuratif inflammatory process. Patient were diagnose with cervical TB. Patiens also complaint chronic cough with decrease of appetite and night sweating. Chest x-ray showed Lung TB with thickening of upper left pleural. AFB sputum examination with positive result, patient diagnosed with Lung TB. Patient got therapy ATD first chategory and after 2 weeks of therapy patient showed clinical improvement. Conclusion: Cervical TB is more common in women of childbearing age between 20-40 years. In this case, the possibility of Cervical TB occurs because through hematogenous dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis.
POTT’S Disease
Authors: Kusmiati Tutik , Narendrani Hapsari Paramita
Published: June 2019

Pott's disease, sometimes reffered to tuberculous spondylitis, is an infection of tuberculosis that affects one or more vertebrae, which first described by Percival Pott. Tuberculous spondylitis is the most dangerous form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis because it can cause bone destruction, deformity and paraplegia. The spine is the most commonly affected due to bony dissemination of tuberculosis in bones. The deployment through the arteries, veins via Batson plexus and percontinuitatum by the spread of abscess paravertebral. The spread of tuberculosis infection will cause inflammation in paradiscs, and causes progressive bone destruction and then will make vertebral collapse and deformity arising shaped kyphosis (posterior angulation) called gibbus. Early diagnosis is often difficult, MRI is the best diagnostic tools for pott's disease. Tissue culture or spesimen of M. tuberculosis important to confirm the diagnosis. Medical treatment is preferred, whereas surgical therapy as a complements. Drop out of anti-tuberculous drugs is a major challenge for the treatment of spinal TB with MDR because of long duration of therapy and the cost. The prognosis for spinal TB increases with early diagnosis and rapid intervention.
Peran Masker/Respirator dalam Pencegahan Dampak Kesehatan Paru Akibat Polusi Udara
Authors: Faisal Haruyuki Dewi , Susanto Agus Dwi
Published: June 2019

Outdoor air pollution contributed harmful impact to public health. There are several respiratory disorders related to outdoor air pollution such as acute respiratory infection, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and lung function disorder. Respirator is a personnel protective device which has role in the primary intervention step. Currently exist many types of respirators in industrial setting that have specific function to certain hazard exposure in work process. It is difficult to choose one type of respirator that can be implemented in population setting to protect against all air pollutant content. Therefore, it is relevant choosing one respirator type which has the ability to effectively filtrate one of air pollutant content that is the particulate matter. One respirator type, N95 mask has superiority in term of cost and technical use aspects for protecting particulate matter pollutant. Respirator usage effectivity in population setting is an important subject to find out more.
Imunopatogenesis Asma
Authors: Yudhawati Resti , Krisdanti Desak Putu Agung
Published: June 2019

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough especially at night and or early morning. Airflow resistance in asthma were caused by changes in the airways include bronchoconstriction, airway edema, hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. The inflammatory response in asthma patients varies among individuals, whether it can be immediate or late (slow-type) response. Different types of cells are known to play role in this process, especially mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells. Degranulation of mast cells in the airways release inflammatory mediators and various metabolites that directly lead to smooth muscle hypersponsive resulting in airway obstruction. While eosinophil cells, mast cells and lymphocytes associated with slow-type responses, will release various mediators including leukotriene, prostaglandins and a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Type 2 immune response in the lower respiratory tract is a central immunologic process in asthma. This type 2 immune response is mediated by Th2 cells of CD4 + and IgE. The CD4 + Th2 cell is characterized by the large amount of transacting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 and the secretion of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13). Excessive type 2 cytokines in the lower airway will trigger IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, epithelial cell activation, inflammatory cell inflation mediation into the airways, and cause remodeling responses in the epithelium and subepithelial matrices. This inflammatory cascade of type 2 cytokines is the pathological basis of the main symptoms of asthma.
Tuberculous Meningitis: The Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis and Its Drug Sensitivity Patterns
Authors: Sulistyowati Titiek , Kusumaningrum Deby , Koendhori Eko Budi , Mertaniasih Ni Made
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis continues one of the major challenges to global health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can affect any organ other than the lung parenchyma, include central nervous system. The mortality rate of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are high worldwide with up to half of survivors suffering irreversible sequelae. Diagnosis of TBM is difficult due to paucibacillary, various clinical manifestation, and invasive procedure to appropriate specimens. Objective: The objectiveis to study the positivity rate of microbiological laboratory diagnosis and its drug sensitivity patterns of TBM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during October 2015 until September 2016. Methods: Specimens were cerebrospinal fluids. Identification and drug anti TB sensitivity test were done by BACTEC MGIT 960 system in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Result: Most patients with TBM were women (54.29%). Based on age groups, most dominant was adult population (65.71%). Proportion percentage of positive M. tuberculosis complex among 180 specimens were 19.44%. First line anti TB drug sensitivity pattern of 35 isolates were 1 monoresistant, 1 poly-resistant, no multiple drug resistant (MDR), and 33 pan-susceptible. Conclusion: Positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex laboratory diagnosis from TBM suspect patients were low. There was no MDR TB in this study, but mono-resistant and poly-resistant. Microbiological diagnosis was important to give information of active disease and drug sensitivity pattern. Resistance to first line anti TB drugs is alarming to properly manage TBM patients.
Profil Status Gizi Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru-Multi Drug Resistance dengan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Tahun 2016
Authors: Arfiana Mega Rizkya , Kusmiati Tutik , Prayitno Jongky Hendro
Published: June 2019

Background: Indonesia is the third highest country of Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence world wide. Beside resistances, factor that being a burden for control TB is comorbidities, such as Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). This research aimed to determine the Nutritional Status of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with DMT2 Patients. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study observing Nutritional Status of MDR-TB with DMT2 patients based on gender, age, weight, height, and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) registered since January,1st –December, 31th 2016 in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Results: Out of 42 Samples, there are 20 mens and 22 womens suffer MDR-TB with DMT2. The Nutritional Status of Women is Normal (28.57 %) and Man is Underweight (16.6 %). Based on the age of patients, 51-60 years is the highest frequency. The mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) from all age categories are Normal, except 31-40 years. The mean of height is 159.95 cm and weight is 52.88 kg. In FBG’s category, 100-200 is the highest frequency and mostly has normal BMI. The mean of BMI is 20.51 kg/m2. Conclusion; Majority patients of MDR-TB with DMT2 has Normal BMI.
Seorang Wanita Muda dengan Tuberkulosis Usus Menyerupai Apendiksitis Akut
Authors: Widianiti Kadek , Kusmiati Tutik , Rai Ida Bagus Ngurah
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis has become a global health problem, with increasing numbers of cases in line with the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. Intestinal of tuberculosis is believed to be a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which will occur most often in the future . Case: This case presents a young woman, 20 years old, suspected of acute appendicitis with suspected perforation, had right abdominal pain since 1 month and getting worse since 5 days PTA (prior to admission). The abdomen enlarges and feels hard on the right abdomen after being treated for 3 days. Fever,body weaknes,decreased of appetite, decreased of body weight approximately 7 kg since 2 months PTA. There are nausea, vomiting, diarea with runny mucus since 2 weeks PTA. The chest x-ray, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopy was normal result and plain abdominal radiograph showed that intestinal dilatation and step ladder features suspicious obstructive ileus. Discussion: After 2 months of therapy abdominal symptoms improved and weight began to gradually increase. Intestinal of tuberculosis is a challenge for clinicians to diagnose despite using modern medical techniques because the clinical and laboratory features are not specific especially when active pulmonary infection is absent and there are similarities with other abdominal diseases. The histological features will provide a diagnose. The delay in diagnosis will lead to more severe complications. Conclusion: At present a combination of clinical, radiological and pathological features continues to be the key to diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis. Medical management with antituberculosis drugs will produce a significant resolution of symptoms.
Empiema
Authors: Hasan Helmia , Ambarwati Devi
Published: June 2019

Empyema is a collection of exudative fluid in the pleural cavity associated with the occurrence of pulmonary infection. Empyema is often caused by complications of pneumonia but can also be caused by infection from elsewhere. Community-aquired pneumonia has an incidence of 8 to 15 per 1000 per year. Forty to 57% of patients with pneumonia, may develop into a parapneumonic effusion. Approximately 5 to 10% of parapneumonic effusions develop into empyema. All patients with parapneumonia and empyema effusions require antibiotic therapy early and adequate. Sterile pleural effusions with PH ≥ 7,20 were observed and protected by adequate antibiotics. Empyema and localized pleural effusions and parapneumonic effusions with PH <7.20 or glucose <60 mg / dL or the presence of germs on positive examination and culture require drainage. Delays in drainage may increase morbidity and mortality rates. Management of empyema depending on the stage, antibiotics or thoracocentesis, thoracostomy, thoracostomy with fibrinolytic therapy, thoracoscopy, dekortication and open thoracotomy.
Food allergy: is desensitization an effective treatment strategy in patients with peanut allergy?
Authors: Farias Andre Leonardo Nogueira , Castelo Branco Junior Humberto Farias , Castelo Branco Halisson Caio Freitas
Published: June 2019

Background: Adverse reactions to foods are divided in two main groups: food intolerance (non-immune process) and food allergies (immune-mediated process). The food allergy (FA) is a common and on rise condition in population. Although there is possibility of preventive or symptomatic relief through use of antihistamines and corticosteroids, it lacks full cure. Heretofore, it was believed that the only really effective treatment against this condition would be complete allergen restriction. Aim: To review the immune mechanisms related with food allergy and propose a new therapeutic technic called desensitization. Methods: Non‑systematic review. Findings: FA is more common in children and in patients with other allergic conditions. Allergies related to peanut/milk/egg/fish/crustacean shellfish are more common and permanent. FA is a complex and multifactorial process, which mixes genetic and environmental factors. Conclusion: Food allergy is a health problem worldwide. Scientists still need a better understand of the immune mechanisms involved in the food allergy pathogenesis & in the human susceptibility to allergens. Therefore, scientists will need to improve definitive therapeutic modalities to avoid dramatic outcomes.
Bloqueio de nervo safeno e nervo ciático para síndrome dolorosa complexa regional tipo II em membro inferior
Authors: Becco Camila De Melo Matos Lins , Gomes Josenília Maria Alves
Published: June 2019

A Síndrome Dolorosa Complexa Regional (SDCR) é uma desordem dolorosa que leva a sério comprometimento na qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos e que, muitas vezes, necessita de abordagens mais invasivas para obter algum conforto. A técnica clássica para abordagem da SDCR em membros inferiores, ou seja, o bloqueio do gânglio simpático lombar, apesar de ser efetiva, traz algumas complicações que podem ser atenuadas ou mesmo evitadas com técnicas mais modernas e mais baratas como o bloqueio de nervos periféricos guiados por ultrassonografia. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar o caso de um paciente com SDCR tipo II em membro inferior refratário à terapia medicamentosa que obteve sucesso terapêutico através do bloqueio dos nervos safeno e ciático guiados por ultrassonografia.
Serviço de Cirurgia Fetal da Universidade Federal do Ceará – breve histórico
Authors: Melo Filho Antonio Aldo de , Feitosa Francisco Edson de Lucena , Carvalho Francisco Herlânio Costa , Jucá Carlos Eduardo Barros , Paes Liliana Soares Nogueira , Tomaz Intã Bruna Cerqueira Silva , Castro Fernanda Oliveira de , Nascimento Luciana Maria de Oliveira , Albuquerque Maria Da Piedade , Alencar Junior Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2019

A Medicina Fetal é uma especialidade que representa um conjunto de ações de finalidades preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas, no sentido de proteger, avaliar e assistir a saúde do feto. São exigidos conhecimentos fundamentais de embriologia, obstetrícia, genética médica, neonatologia, morfologia, dismorfologia, fisiologia e fisiopatologia fetais. Os procedimentos terapêuticos vão desde punções de derrames em cavidades fetais até cirurgias corretivas ainda no ambiente intrauterino; portanto, pressupõe necessidade de equipe multiprofissional altamente especializada para êxito materno e fetal seguindo indicações precisas após conhecimento da evolução natural das patologias com respeito aos preceitos da ética médica.
O Sucesso da Empreitada Maçônica no Brasil do Século XIX potencializado pelo Ethos do Rito Escocês Antigo e Aceito
Authors: Tavares Anderson Claytron
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo mostra que existiu uma sólida estrutura religiosa financiadora da empreitada maçônica nos diversos locais que a mesma teve acesso e que o êxito desse empreendimento só foi possível pela alta carga de capital religioso presente na estrutura da maçonaria; a constituição Maçônica de 1723, os ritos de passagem e as muitas cosmogonias presentes nas antigas obrigações maçônicas, ajudaram no desenvolvimento da ordem elevando a mesma a uma missão de caráter transcendental. Em 1865 quando se tentou laicizar a maçonaria retirando do ritual a invocação do Grande Arquiteto do Universo, verificou-se através da mudança do rito moderno francês que a base religiosa brasileira era muito mais forte e se impôs à Ordem.  O estatuto maçônico através de sua herança religiosa dialogou profundamente com os preceitos da estrutura social que lhe deu aporte no século XIX, fornecendo uma forte base que serviu de alicerce para fundamentação de suas convicções. The present article shows that there was a solid religious structure that financed the Masonic enterprise in the various places that it had access and that the success of this enterprise was only possible due to the high load of religious capital present in the structure of Freemasonry; the Masonic constitution of 1723, the rites of passage and the many cosmogonies present in the old Masonic obligations, helped in the development of the order, elevating it to a mission of transcendental character. In 1865, when it was tried to lay Freemasonry by removing from the ritual the invocation of the Great Architect of the Universe, it was verified through the change of the modern French rite that the Brazilian religious base was very strong imposing itself before the Order. The Masonic statute through its religious inheritance deeply dialogue with the precepts of the social structure that gave him support in the nineteenth century, providing a strong foundation that served as a foundation for the foundation of his convictions..
A Nova Era como malha
Authors: Campanha Vitor de Lima
Published: June 2019

O artigo visa discutir a utilização de duas teorias antropológicas contemporâneas para a compreensão da religiosidade Nova Era: a Teoria Ator-Rede, de Bruno Latour, e o conceito de malha, do antropólogo Tim Ingold. Parte-se do pressuposto da errância como uma característica fundamental da Nova Era, onde a busca pelo aprimoramento e pelo self perfeito levam o indivíduo à procura de práticas, vivências e rituais descontextualizados de suas tradições originais, constantemente rearranjados e instrumentalizados. Como sociologia que busca associações, a Teoria Ator-Rede pode ser útil para compreender as conexões que ocorrem nesse contexto, porém, leva em conta conexões entre pontos definidos. A malha, entretanto, compreende essas relações como fluxos, onde não há elementos conectados, mas diferentes linhas contínuas entrelaçadas como um tecido. Assim, a Nova Era não se trata de uma conexão de práticas, vivências e rituais diversificados, mas da própria relação, em consonância com a ideia ingoldiana de malha.