bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Western XXI wieku — między demitologizacją a postironią
Authors: Włodek Patrycja
Published: March 2020

AMERICAN WESTERN IN THE 21ST CENTURY — BETWEEN DEMYTHOLOGIZATION AND POSTIRONYThe article examines contemporary — XXI century — cinematic strategies that are being chosen in dealing with western as agenre. Further demythologization, restoration of amyth and postirony are discussed based on contemporary examples, but also with reference to classical films and classical Hollywood cinema. Abovementioned strategies were chosen because they represent not only how American filmmakers deal with western as agenre and its mythology established in American culture and tradition, but also because they embody wider tendencies in contemporary culture and pop culture — above all American.                                                                                    Translated by Kordian Bobowski
„High Noon” at the Solidarity Corral: Wajda’s „Wałęsa” and the Classic Western
Authors: Garbowski Christopher
Published: March 2020

In 1989 the iconic figure of Marshall Will Kane from the classic Western High Noon was effectively used by the Solidarity opposition for aposter during the campaign for the historic June 4 elections of that year. Almost aquarter of acentury later, Andrzej Wajda released his Wałęsa: Man of Hope 2013, which more or less concludes at that historic turning point. One thing that relates Wajda’s film to Fred Zinnemann’s is that both can be considered foundation myths. In this article foundation myths from classic Westerns in general and Wajda’s film in particular are analyzed on the basis of their relationship to Isaiah Berlin’s distinction of negative and positive freedom. Typically the classic Western deals with the problem of positive freedom, especially in the town-tamer subgenre to which High Noon belongs. Conversely, Wajda’s Wałęsa is concerned with the problem of negative freedom. Both positive and negative freedom myths within the examined film narratives cope with the problem of the hero in relation to political psychology and shed light on the issue of political realism.W SAMO POŁUDNIE W CORRALU SOLIDARNOŚCI — WAŁĘSA WAJDY A KLASYCZNY WESTERNW 1989 roku ikoniczna postać szeryfa Willa Kane’a z klasycznego westernu W samo południe była skutecznie używana przez solidarnościową opozycję na plakatach podczas kampanii poprzedzającej historyczne wybory 4 czerwca tego roku. Prawie ćwierć wieku później Andrzej Wajda zrealizował film Wałęsa: człowiek z nadziei 2013, który mniej więcej reasumuje ten historyczny zwrot. Jedna rzecz, która nawiązuje w filmie Wajdy do utworu Zinnemanna, to iż oba filmy mogą być postrzegane jako fundamenty mitów. W niniejszym szkicu fundamenty mitów z klasycznych westernów w ogóle i w filmie Wajdy w szczególności są analizowane na podstawie ich powiązań z rozróżnieniem pozytywnej i negatywnej wolności przez Isaiaha Berlina. Typowy klasyczny western podejmuje wątek pozytywnej wolności, szczególnie w odmianie town-tamer, do której należy W samo południe. Film Wajdy o Wałęsie — odwrotnie — podejmuje problem wolności negatywnej. Zarówno mit pozytywnej, jak i negatywnej wolności w ramach badanych opowieści obejmują problematykę bohatera w relacji do politycznej psychologii i rzucają światło na zagadnienie politycznego realizmu.                                                                                              Przeł. Kordian Bobowski
Historia i metoda. O książce Piotra Witka "Andrzej Wajda jako historyk. Metodologiczne studium z historii wizualnej", Lublin 2016, ss. 712
Authors: Idczak Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

HISTORY AND METHOD. ON PIOTR WITEK’S BOOK ANDRZEJ WAJDA AS A HISTORIAN. METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF VISUAL HISTORY, LUBLIN 2016, 712 PP.The review aims to shed light on the methodological concepts proposed in Piotr Witek’s book, and consider the possibility of applying them to the film studies. The reviewer highlights the book’s main concept, which is depicting Andrzej Wajda as a historian and treating his artistic works feature films, documentaries and TV Theatre as historical sources. This approach bases on visual history. In the paper the reviewer talks over the broadening of the frames of historiography done by Witek, and justifies this gesture as a well based on methodological roots of poststructuralism. Witek shows a broad interest in Wajda’s ways of understanding history, his philosophical assumptions, and the issue of artistics tools used in Wajda’s works about the past events. Apart from the reliable analysis of Wajda’s films, discussed book endeavor to build a conceptual platform, on which history and film studies might meet. Unfortunately, it turns out that the latter is dominated in Witek’s methodological concept.
Filmowe Marie z Nazaretu: XXI wiek
Authors: Lis Marek
Published: March 2020

Mary of Nazareth in 21st-century films Mary of Nazareth is for the Christians a particular figure: she is Mother of Jesus, mentioned in the New Testament. Since Jesus became protagonist of hundreds of films, also Mary has been present in numer-ous films: thus she can be found in cinematic adaptations of the Gospel, while she accompanies Jesus during his childhood, or his Passion, but usually she is not not the main character. Several publications interpret Mary in films e.g., by Catherin O’Brien or Reinhold Zwick. The paper analyzes images of Mary in three recent films: in The Passion of the Christ dir. Mel Gibson, 2004 there is a particular rapport between her and the suffering Son, in Let it be dir. Guido Chiesa, 2010 near feminist Mary becomes an independent woman, whose understanding is necessary to understand Jesus, in The Star dir. Timothy Reckart, 2017, an animation on the birth of Jesus, the pleasant figure of Mary lacks a serious psychological dimension.
Na granicy mroku. Język świętości w filmowych portretach Joanny d’Arc
Authors: Kotyński Marek
Published: March 2020

On the border of darkness. The language of sainthood in film portraits of Joan of Arc The unusual history of the patroness of France — Saint Joan of Arc — became the inspiration for many creators of culture, including film directors, who most willingly chose this figure from among all the Christian saints. The article firstly presents the history of life of the French saint and in the next part consists of the analysis of the film language of the devoted to her three emblematic movies in which the well known film creators tried to “show” the sainthood of Joan or/and to assume an attitude towards the phenomenon of sainthood. The first movie analyzed by the author of the article is The Passion of Joan of Arc 1928 by Carl Theodor Dreyer, the second one is The Trial of Joan of Arc 1961 by Robert Bresson, who used an ascetic idiom to present the sainthood of Joan. And at the end of the text the film by Luc Besson — Joan of Arc 1999 — is discussed as a postmodern deconstruction of the figure of the saint.
Polski film hagiograficzny jako forma komunikowania wiary. Komunikacyjna funkcja struktur genologicznych współczesnego polskiego filmu hagiograficznego
Authors: Marczak Mariola
Published: March 2020

The polish film hagiography as a form of communicating faith. Communicative function of genre structures of contemporary polish film hagiographyThis article is divided in three sections. In the first one the author tries to investigate definitions of film hagiography functioning in the Polish film study writings. The basic research leads her to believe that this is the phenomenon hardly recognized theoretically, although in The World Encyclopedia of Religious Film eds. M. Lis, A. Garbicz there are many specific examples of film hagiographies, mentioned and characterized. The second part of the text is filled out with analyses of concrete film works. The Author concentrates in her procedure on communicative functions of the characteristic structures and genre conventions of these films. She points out that the majority of film hagiographies, especially those produced by independent producers, overtly continues the model of literary hagiographies known as the Gesta Sanctorum. They developed in the Middle Ages and still were popular at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the last section of the paper the reasons for which there are so few feature film hagiographies in the contemporary Polish cinema are discussed.
Sprawa białoruska w początkowym okresie kształtowania państwowości II RP — problem polityczny i społeczno-kulturowy czy niewykorzystana szansa konsolidacji narodowej?
Authors: Landmann Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Белорусский вопрос на начальном этапе формирования государственности II Речи Посполитой — политическая и социально-культурная проблема, или неиспользованный шанс народной консолидации?В статье даётся характеристика белорусского вопроса при власти Речи Посполитой на начальном этапе формирования основ государственности, то есть с 1919 до начала 1922 года, а также выводы по основному тезису работы. Анализ опирается на архивные материалы из архива института Юзефа Пилсудского в Америке и имеющуюся научную литературу.Выдвинут тезис о больших трудностях оценки властей II Речи Посполитой в связи с проблемами народной консолидации в восточной и северо-восточной Польше. Автор разделяет мнение о разнице источников и условности проблем, связанных с жизнью белорусского населения, влияющей и на безопасность II Речи Посполитой.Можно утверждать, что власти II Речи Посполитой были в курсе масштаба проблем, связанных с функционированием белорусского меньшинства. Были предприняты усилия для осуществления народной консолидации на Восточных Кресах, но эта политика ока­залась безуспешной, будучи дополнительно предопределяема многочисленными источ­никами угрозы для безопасности государства. The Belarusian case in the initial period of shaping the statehood of the Second Polish Republic: A political and socio-cultural problem or a missed opportunity for national consolidation?The article presents the characteristics of the Belarusian case made by the authorities of the Second Polish Republic in the initial period of shaping the foundations of statehood, i.e. from 1919 until the beginning of 1922. The analysis was based on archival material from the Archive of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in America and the available literature.A thesis was put forward about serious difficulties noticed in the assessments of the authorities of the Second Polish Republic in connection with attempts at national consolidation in eastern and north-eastern Poland. The author defends the belief in the diversity of sources and determinants of problems related to the life of the Belarusian population, also affecting the security of the Second Polish Republic.It can be said that the authorities of the Second Polish Republic were aware of the scale of problems related to the functioning of the Belarusian minority. The objective of national consolidation in the Eastern Borderlands was pursued, although this policy proved ineffective, being additionally determined by numerous sources of threats to the security of the state.
Polityka wspierania gospodarki społecznej na poziomie regionu. Wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania dolnośląskich przedsiębiorstw społecznych
Authors: Cisek Marta
Published: March 2020

Social economy support policy at a regional level. Selected issues concerning social enterprises in Lower SilesiaSocial enterprises develop in regions where they are actively supported by the local government and NGOs. That is why in this paper public social economy support instruments strategic, legal and financial at a regional level are analyzed. The main purpose of this paper is to present the situation of the social economy based on the example of the Lower Silesian social enterprises. Of particular value is the empirical part — results of my own research on the experience of social enterprises in Lower Silesia. Interviews with Lower Silesian social entrepreneurs provided information about the effectiveness of public support instruments, the quality of cooperation with stakeholders, legal and financial situation, areas of destructive social entrepreneurship, and finally allowed me to formulate some conclusions in this field.
Kandydaci Partii Demokratycznej i Republikańskiej wobec przemian społeczno- gospodarczych. Analiza na przykładzie wyborów prezydenckich z lat 2008 i 2012
Authors: Weber Kamil
Published: March 2020

The candidates of the Democratic Party and the Republican Partyin the face of the socio-economic changes. An analysis based on the example of presidential elections of 2008 and 2012American society has been the subject of many changes in recent years. In this context, important was an increasing liberalization of communities of large cities. But also, as a response to this process, there could be seen a growing influence of the conservative Tea Party supporters. Changes in the national structure consisting of reducing the share of white community for African Americans and immigrants are also noticeable. Important implications also caused the recent economic crisis resulting in differentiation of the standard of living of different social groups. It is therefore interesting to analyze how two major American parties responded to these changes. The ground for such an analysis are especially presidential elections because of the importance that the head of state has in the policy of the United States.
Zespoły poselskie i parlamentarne jako formy samoorganizacji parlamentarzystów. Wyniki polskich badań eksploracyjnych
Authors: Kasianiuk Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Parliamentary teams as forms of deputies’ self-organization. The results of a Polish exploratory study In the article I present the results of an exploratory study of Polish parliament based on the concept of self-organizing systems formulated by W. Ross Ashby. This conceptual framework seems useful for parliamentary studies as it helps to determine the necessary conditions for a group to be a self-organizing system. The study shows that Polish parliamentary teams could be included into this category.The empirical part of the study utilized data regarding the Polish Sejm and Senate between 2007 and 2011. Internal regulations of the teams, their party composition and activities have been studied with the use of qualitative research tools.
Rola instytucji państwowych w realizacji polityki konsumenckiej w Polsce
Authors: Nowak Paweł
Published: March 2020

The role of governmental institutions in the implementation of consumer policy in PolandThe paper is concerned with the law and governmental protection of the position of a consumer in Poland. The main purpose is the identification and evaluation of activities undertaken by governmental institutions engaged in consumer policy. The paper defines the set of tasks of governmental institutions and the main relations between them is the aspect of antimonopoly law. First of all the focus is put on the issue of protection of economic consumer rights. The results show that the model of consumer protection is overdeveloped when it comes to law and administrative changes and underdeveloped in the consumer education aspect.
Zastosowanie stopy społecznego zwrotu z inwestycji SROI jako wskaźnika mierzenia efektywności projektów społecznych
Authors: Moroń Dorota , Klimowicz Monika
Published: March 2020

Applying Social Return on Investment SROI to measure the effectiveness of social projectsThe article presents the results of research on the possibility of applying the Social Return on Investment SROI methodology for the valuation of the economic results of social projects. The aim of the article is to present the possibility of using the SROI analysis as an indicator for measurement of the effectiveness of social projectsIn this context, the hypothesis has been put that the Social Return on Investment SROI can be a useful tool for evaluating and forecasting the effectiveness of a social project. The article presents the research results obtained in the frames of the research project: “Innovative Social Investment Strength­ening Communities in Europe” InnoSi, funded by the European Commission Programme Horizon 2020.
Konflikt polityczny: interdyscyplinarny i wielopłaszczyznowy przedmiot badań
Authors: Sobkowiak Leszek
Published: March 2020

Political conflict: interdisciplinary and multi-faceted subject matterCategories and theories that describe and explain conflicts and their properties, which derive from soci­ology, psychology and political science, use different levels of social-political reality: from meta-theories for example functional and coercive to theories concerning psychological processes. The aim of social sciences is to study political conflict in the following perspectives: social systems featured by unequal access to valued symbolic and material goods; cognitive, emotional and motivational processes of people partici­pating in conflicts; patterns and actual behaviors in conflict situations; mechanisms of conflict dynamics — cause-and-effect relationships that determine phases of conflict development; functions of conflicts, their creative and destructive effects on individuals, groups, societies and global society; integrative methods of conflict-solving as an element of positive sum game strategy; and at last, shaping the institutions of social systems capable of „civilizing” conflicts through limitation of their destructive sources, methods and effects.
Spór o wartości i jego implikacje dla konfliktu politycznego według Benedykta XVI
Authors: Węgrzecki Janusz
Published: March 2020

Axiological dispute and its implications for political conflict according to pope Benedict XVIThe article provides an analysis of the issue of contemporary axiological disputes related to politics. The article focuses on the approach of pope Benedict XVI to the relation between the Church and politics. According to Benedict XVI the Church should be the promotor of universal values. Its activity in genesis is non-political, but in effects it has political dimensions and the Church should correct public reason of citizens and politicians to accept universal values. If the Church fulfils these requirements, it will contribute to reducing of axiological political conflict in the contemporary world.
Psychologiczne podstawy konfliktów społecznych: wokół dyspozycyjnych i sytuacyjnych mechanizmów wrogości i uprzedzeń
Authors: Ścigaj Paweł
Published: March 2020

Psychological foundations of social conflicts: on dispositional and situational aspects of intergroup bias and prejudiceThe aim of the paper is to discuss main theories explaining the psychological basis of social and political conflicts, especially causes of intergroup bias and prejudice. Theories of authoritarianism and social dom­inance orientation are discussed referring dispositional causes of intergroup bias and prejudice, while real­istic conflict group theory, social identity theory and system-justification theory are called for explaining situational determinants of intergroup bias and prejudice. Evolutionary aspects of hostility and aggression in social and political conflicts are also debated.
Globalna sprawiedliwość a problem imigracji
Authors: Mirocha Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Global justice and the problem of immigrationModern legal philosophy provides us with two main types of global justice theories. Distributive or egali­tarian theories claim that justice requires striving to achieve the global equality from us not only in legal but also economic dimension. On the other hand, there are many theories focusing on providing and keeping only „minimal standard” i.e. human rights and questioning the global equality as an ideal. In the article I investigate which type of theories describes contemporary international relations in the most accurate way claiming that „minimal standard” theory does it and I also wonder which type is more legitimate. In my opinion, considerations devoted to the question of global justice give us a well-established background for further studies on immigration policy, especially in the context of recent EU frontiers incidents.
Przemoc w państwie demokratycznym
Authors: Antosz Mateusz
Published: March 2020

The violence in democratic state The democratic state — like any social-political system — have to contend with numerous forms of social tensions that force governments to take action in order to preserve organizational stability of the whole state. Democratic systems are characterized by having a number of tools and mechanisms to regulating system and/or to “the spreading” social mood, which makes it possible to “peaceful” resolutions of conflicts. However, even in consolidated and mature democracies there are situations where the state government resort to coercion and violence against citizens. What factors influence the making “definitive” measures? How different is the coercion between state violence? These and many other questions I will try to answer in this article.
Unia Europejska wobec paradygmatu inwestycji społecznych
Authors: Michalewska-Pawlak Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

European Union’s position towards social investment paradigmIn this paper the author analyses the new social investment paradigm which has been applied by the Euro­pean Union since several years. The main aim is to present the attitude and activities of the European Com­mission in order to implement this new paradigm in the member states’ social policies. The reasons of es­tablishment the investment paradigm in social development policy are explained. The main elements of the social investment concept as: activisation, productivity, social services orientation, combating social exclusion are described. The economic, social, demographic and cultural changes in Europe during the last twenty years and their impact on new social risks development are considered. The article also contains the characteristics of two case studies of social investment which has been implemented in the selected Euro­pean countries. The first one is the „Big Society Capital” and the second is ASOS Programme. At the end of the paper the author discusses the main critical points which refer to the social investment paradigm and arouse controversy among scholars.
Czy mieszkalnictwo w Polsce zmierza w kierunku standardów europejskich?
Authors: Kubów Adam
Published: March 2020

Is housing in Poland moving towards European standards?This article approximates changes in the housing situation in Poland during the period of membership of the European Union. It is also an attempt to reflect on whether the ongoing changes in housing in Poland are moving towards European standards. The Polish government has adopted the National Housing Program in 2016, which sets out the key goals, thus setting the direction for changes in housing. Generally, the idea is to increase the supply of housing, including those that could serve the needs of low-income families, preventing them from purchasing or renting a home on a commercial basis. The program also aims to improve housing conditions, among other things. By reducing overcrowding and deprivation of housing.
Wybrane uwarunkowania polityki pomocy społecznej na Podkarpaciu
Authors: Frączek Piotr
Published: March 2020

The chosen conditions of social assistance policy in Podkarpacie ProvinceIn each country, a very important part of social policy is a social assistance. The social assistance helps people who are poor and socially excluded, because of economic and social reasons. The efficiency of social assistance is determined by many external and internal conditions. This article presents results of empirical research conducted on 378 social workers and chosen conditions of social assistance policy in Podkarpacie Province. The results of research and analysis suggest that policy of social assistance in the Podkarpacie Province is ineffective.
Globalne systemy nawigacji satelitarnej. Przykład rywalizacji czy współpracy między mocarstwami?
Authors: Smolik Bartosz
Published: March 2020

Global navigation satellite systems. An example of competition or cooperation between great powers?The objective of this article is to answer the question whether we currently deal with closer cooperation or rather with competition in the field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. The author proves that both competition and cooperation are visible in the field of global satellite navigation, which when perceived from numerous perspectives do not have to be mutually exclusive. Cooperation usually results from rational economic calculation. Competition may be connected with factors of an economic, strategic and in particular military nature. Militarization of space is in itself a strongly conflictogenic element which may be confirmed by relationships in the field of GNSS. Particularly many conflicts result in the problem of compatibility of coded signals associated with defence and security.
Karol Marks i marksizm w refleksjach Adama Ciołkosza — emigracyjnego socjalisty demokratycznego
Authors: Paszkiewicz Lilla Barbara
Published: March 2020

Karl Marx and Marxism in the refl ections of Adam Ciołkosz — emigratory democratic socialistAdam Ciołkosz belongs to the most significant figures of the socialist movement. His political and journalistic activity in the interwar period is only known partially. Only his emigration stay in the United Kingdom in the years 1940–1978 resulted in dynamic development and political activity.Because he was an authentic democratic socialist, he used to protest against communistic ideology. The analysis of his rich work permits to notice some innovative changes, which took place in the last halfcentury in the European and Polish socialist movement.Since A. Ciołkosz was inspired by those changes, he dwelled on the authentic role of Carl Marx in the labour movement as well as his influence on the development of socialist and communistic ideology.
Znaczenie przestrzeni w procesie kształtowania państwa rosyjskiego
Authors: Jastrzębska Olga
Published: March 2020

Space and it’s role in creating Russian statehoodThe main intention of this article is to present the role of space as one of the major factors, which constituted Russian statehood and it’s role on international scene. This phenomena, which can be understand not only in the psychical frame, had big influence on shaping the foreign and internal policy of this state. As the fundamental of this process can be seen the specific attitude to space, which characterized Russians and considered this phenomena as mighty power, which can influence the social and political occurrences. The article also tried to investigate which role in creating Russia’s position space has in current times — it develops or inhibits Russia?
Postulaty ustrojowe społeczeństwa polskiego w okresie transformacji systemowej
Authors: Łabędź Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Polish society’s demands on the political system in the period of systemic transformation It has been widely accepted that the demands which accompanied the systemic transformation, with regard to the political system, concerned above all the shape of democracy, the scope of the state’s functions, organi­sation of the state authorities and the relations between them, the scope and the constitutional guarantees of the civic rights, the foreign policy priorities, establishment of the territorial self-government as well as the relations between the state and the Catholic Church. In the economic sphere, the demands concerned primarily privatisation, implementation of market economy and the principles of equitable distribution of wealth. The paper discusses views within the Polish society concerning these issues and indicating the desirable development trends. In general, it can be stated that these trends were consistent with the trends of the reforms implemented by politicians, albeit not without some differences and doubts.
Muzułmanie w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych na Zachodzie
Authors: Bukowczyk Piotr
Published: March 2020

Muslims in the Polish Armed Forces in the WestThe Polish Armed Forces in the West had already begun to be formed in France in September 1939. From the beginning not only Roman Catholics but also representatives of different religious minorities living in the Second Republic of Poland joined it. In the Second Polish Corps in Italy, commanded by General Władysław Anders, 36 Muslims were serving in September 1945. At least 3 persons belonging to other military units of the Polish Armed Forces in the West were Muslims. In the text, I try to give as far as possible, the full economic and social characteristics of Muslims serving there.
Andrzeja Kisielewicza pochwała zdrowego rozsądku
Authors: Szlachcic Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Andrzej Kisielewicz’s praise of common senseI present here the evaluation and comments on the position of Andrzej Kisi­elewicz presented in his latest book, Logic and Arguments: A Practical Course in Critical Thinking. I recognize that this book can be of great benefit to a very diverse group of potential recipients. It is original in design, inspiring and even provoking the reader to discuss some of its main theses. I am debating some of the author’s views, in particular I draw attention to the relationship between logic and formal logic presented by Kisielewicz. I point to the similarity of some of the radical assessments presented in Logic and Arguments to one of the criticisms by Kazimierz Twardowski published a hundred years earlier.
Wkład Kazimierza Twardowskiego w rozwój logiki w Polsce
Authors: Jadacki Jacek
Published: March 2020

Kazimierz Twardowski’s contribution to the evolution of logicin PolandTwardowski’s legacy, which has been published so far—and the detailed analysis of it—suf fices to consider him a classic of Polish semiotics. The published results of Twardowski in the field of methodology also deserve high scores. A new light on the contribution of Twardowski to the development of logic in Poland sheds the content of his unpublished legacy, including the content of his lectures on logic and unedited logical monographs. Firstly, Twardowski conducted fruitful research on many methodological problems. The result of this research was—an unknown to a wider audience—a new approach to the theory of induction and an original sketch of the perspectives of the inductive method in metaphysics, the first in our literature such a comprehensive monograph on reasoning and reconstruction of the concept of understanding. Secondly, Twardowski referred in his unpublished lectures and monographs to the important results of the nineteenth-century formal logic, thus giving their students an important impulse for individual research in this field. In this text, I focus my attention on the logical issues raised by Twardowski just in his unpublished texts.
The promise of a new cultural periodization: Realism, Modernism, Postmodernism
Authors: Gaczoł Tomasz
Published: March 2020

The promise of a new cultural periodization:Realism, Modernism, PostmodernismThis article discusses the problem of a possibility of finding a comprehensive narrative encompassing the entire course of history and forming an interpretive framework for cultural studies. The author presents Fredric Jameson’s original concept of the history of aesthetic forms: realism, modernism, postmodernism and argues that if offers a promising interpretative framework for Polish studies.
Alasdair Agonistes: MacIntyre and a New Discontent with Modernity
Authors: Pena Steven E.
Published: March 2020

This paper is an examination of certain assumptions that, I hold, lie in the background of MacIntyre’s conception of the formation of the intellectual schema as found, most prominently, in Whose Justice? Which Rationality? and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry. A thorough examination of MacIntyre’s concept of the rational schema, I will show, reveals that the parsing he proposes to carry out on intellectual history is confronted with a problem that finds its analogue in the field of biological taxonomy. In order to carry out this project of determining where the seams lie in intellectual history one must first recognize that the parsing itself is a scheme-dependent undertaking. As such it is not unlike the necessarily somewhat arbitrary identification of species and genera in the biological realm. In other words, it should be recognized that intellectual history, like the morphology of the plant and animal kingdoms, is continuous, not discreet. An almost wholly unexamined assumption that stalks through Whose Justice? and Three Rival Versions is that there are something like intellectual natural kinds in the history of ideas. Indeed, the notion that there are “traditions” at all in the sense in which MacIntyre uses the term may be a highly conventional artefact of an Enlightenment-era view of intellectual progress. This leads me to conclude that MacIntyre has failed to observe that the view of traditions and schemes neatly succeeding one another, on which much of his critique is dependent, is itself a product of the perspective he calls “encyclopedia.” This, in turn, will make manifest why it is that almost all of MacIntyre’s examples of rational scheme-switching are from the natural sciences rather than the normative, a fact I will show is connected to a paradigm of linear progression that one tends to find in the exact sciences, but not in praxis.
Is Free Movement a Natural Right? Between Modern State and Aristotelian-Thomist Utopias
Authors: Mazzola Dario
Published: March 2020

In these times of walls and razor-wires, open borders appear to be more utopian than always. Nonetheless, philosophers like Joseph Carens and, similarly but earlier, Timothy King and James L. Hudson, famously argued that the major philosophical perspectives in the Western world—libertarian, egalitarian, and utilitarian—would support a right to freedom of international movement of people. What would be the relative default position from the standpoint of natural law theory? In this article, I present a general introduction on natural law theory and its role in and outside philosophy, before presenting claims specific to the migration debate. I then recall the defence of a right to free movement by two authors sympathetic to the natural-law tradition, Ann and Michael Dummett: a defence which is grounded in principles of fairness and reciprocity and develops elements belonging to international law. I also outline John Finnis’s more critical and nuanced position. Finnis is eager to legitimize state authority and the “special relations” binding fellow countrymen: however, I claim that the classic Thomist perspective in which he situates these claims ensure his respect of a right to international movement which could be characterized as a version of “open borders,” with some definitional restrictions and qualifications of this latter phrase. Finally, I deal with the theory of Alasdair MacIntyre. Trying to infer MacIntyre’s attitude toward migration from the classic but short article on patriotism, might turn out to be no less dif ficult than potentially misleading, especially if that article is not read in its details. Complementary elements are offered in MacIntyre’s account of natural law “as subversive.” On these grounds, I claim that, contrary to simplistic misreading of MacIntyre’s alleged “communitarianism,” MacIntyrean Aristotelian Thomism would endorse a theory of migration more compatible with reasonably conceived open borders. I conclude my chapter with a presentation of Aquinas’s concise intervention on the subject, and I show that it further supports my reading of the natural law tradition.
The Belief in the Existence of a Real Man: Eugenic Myth and its Consequences
Authors: Gurczyńska-Sady Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The first half of the 20th century witnessed the development of the classic eugenics. Some countries in Europe and the USA of different historical past, cultures and degree of development were universally attracted by the eugenic ideology. This raises few questions concerning the basis of its universal attractiveness for masses and its success. This article answers those questions indicating strong religious-like belief in the myth which served as a base for the eugenical way of thinking being older than this thought. This myth narrates a story about the existence of “real people” who lived in the past, yet unfavourable circumstances caused their degradation, but who—with the assistance of physicians technocrats of the new society and through medical procedures—may be reborn. This paper aims at the reconstruction of the myth on the basis of the writings of Plato, Campanella and Nietzsche. As examples of its “realization” of the myth, I provide the activities of the institutions like Lebensborn houses in Germany and Nobel Sperm Bank in the USA.
Alasdair MacIntyre as an Aristotelian Economic Sociologist: Reading After Virtue with Dependent Rational Animals
Authors: Bernacchio Caleb
Published: March 2020

Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory presents a complex argument that spans numerous academic disciplines and combines empirical and theoretical analyses. Its radical conclusion has inspired activists and social critics from all sides of the ideological spectrum. Critics and commentators have questioned MacIntyre’s critique of modern moral philosophy and the plausibility of the concluding prescription, concerning the need to create new forms of community. But it has less often been asked in what sense the book presents a unified perspective. In other words, how do the premises of MacIntyre’s argument, presented and defended throughout the text, warrant the conclusion? In this article, I partially formalize the main argument of After Virtue, discussing the grounds for each premise, and explaining how they ground the book’s radical conclusion. In doing this, I argue that economic sociology, specifically Karl Polanyi’s theory of the modern market economy, plays a large role in supporting MacIntyre’s claims. After presenting the main argument of the text, I draw upon the social theory elaborated in Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues, specifically its theory of the relationship between vulnerability, dependence, and virtuous networks of giving and receiving, while briefly noting recent sociological criticisms of Polanyi, to argue that we have reason to be skeptical of MacIntyre’s empirical claims concerning the vicious character of modern social structures in After Virtue.
Autentyczność i teatralność. Andrzeja Falkiewicza koncepcja człowieka teatralnego w kontekście krytyki radykalizmu Helmutha Plessnera
Authors: Greczko Iwo
Published: March 2020

Authenticity and theatricality: Andrzej Falkiewicz’s model of homo theatralis in the context of Helmuth Plessner’s criticism of radicalismThe aim of this work is to confront Andrzej Falkiewicz’s model of “homo theatralis” and—to a lesser degree—“being-as-metaphor” with Helmuth Plessner’s criticism of radicalism. In the first step the author shows generally the problem of “self” and moral sources of identity. In the second step the author analyzes the concept of “homo theatralis” “theater man” and “being-as-metaphor” by the Polish writer, critic, and philosopher Andrzej Falkiewicz—Leszek Nowak’s cooperator. In the third step the author is trying to connect Falkiewicz’s ideas with Helmuth Plessner’s model of radicalism connected with his concept of commonwealth and society and difference between them. Then the author answers the question of the possibility of freedom in building our individual moral horizon.
Filozofia Hermanna Cohena. Próba systematyki
Authors: Noras Andrzej J.
Published: March 2020

The Philosophy of Hermann Cohen: An Attempt to SystematizeThe article adressess the problem of evolution of Hermann Cohen’s thinking. In the first part, the evolution is shown in the historical-problematic context and the main idea is to show the basic concepts organizing the author’s most important books. Part two is an attempt to capture the motives of his understanding of philosophy and the central concept is the logic of validity Geltungslogik. As a result it is shown that throughout his whole life Cohen struggled with the problem of such an understanding of philosophy.
Hermann Cohen w drodze ku „Religii rozumu ze źródeł judaizmu”. Przystanek Breslau
Authors: Różanowski Ryszard
Published: March 2020

Hermann Cohen on the Way to „Religion of Reason: Out of the Sources of Judaism” Breslau Stop On the way leading Hermann Cohen from his family Coswig to Marburg and — later — to Berlin, from a Jewish province to a multicultural metropolis, Breslau is a special point. The future philosopher came here in 1857, hoping for the future of fice of the rabbi, to begin studies at the newly established Jewish Theological Seminary. Here too, four years later, he enrolled at the university, opening up the prospect of an academic career. A special point, which allowed him to create in the next years an “impressive system” which is a bold attempt to present German and Judaism as identical or connected. Jewish and religious content was a permanent and constant component of Cohen’s works, and Religion of Reason and System of Philosophy form a whole. Already before the creation of works devoted to Kant, some features of Cohen’s philosophy of religion are revealed, which originated in his studies at Breslau, one of the most important Haskalah centers in the middle of the 19th century. Cohen found there an atmosphere conduciveto the later shaping of the science of the universal religion of reason. After many years, Cohen assessed the Jewish Theological Seminary as “the most important educational institution [of his] youth.”
Neokantysta w laboratorium psychologicznym — Richarda Hönigswalda poszukiwanie zasad bytu psychicznego
Authors: Alechnowicz-Skrzypek Iwona
Published: March 2020

Neo-Kantian in the Psychological Laboratory — Richard Hӧnigswald’s Research on the Principles of Mental BeingThe specificity of Richard Hӧnigswald’s attitude to the issues raised in the Neo-Kantian philosophy was clearly visible in his approach to psychology. First of all, this covered the question of the objectivity of cognizance. Like other Neo-Kantian philosophers, Hӧnigswald undertook in his work both the problem of the relationship between philosophy and psychology and the problem of psychologism. Unlike the representants of both Neo-Kantians schools, he took up psychology practically. In the years 1916–1930 he led the psychological laboratory of the Philosophical Seminar at the University of Wrocław, where he conducted a study of the process of thinking. Hӧnigswald took up psychology as he intended to expand the question of objectivity by the subjectivity conditions of cognizance, among which the most important was a synthesis in the way that Kant used this term — primary apperception, i.e. the unity of Self-Knowledge. According to Hӧnigswald, there is no knowledge beyond the knowing subject — an experience centre in which cognitive acts take place. In this way, Hӧnigswald extended the epistemological questions by the notion of ontology of thinking — the theory of mental existence.
Reinvestigating the Political Position of the Citizen in Plato’s „Republic”
Authors: Peprah Stephen Oppong
Published: March 2020

In this paper, I argue that in the Republic Plato justifies the political authority of the guardians in light of the principle of partnership — a principle which fits coherently with other Platonic principles which undergird his political theory, including optimum functionality, social justice and power. Therefore, I argue that, by their respective professions, there is a cooperative interaction between the guardians and the producers as partners within the political structure of the ideal polis towards attaining the eudaemonistic goals of both the individual and the polis. I contrast this with the orthodox interpretation that Plato justifies political authority using the idea of the Good — an interpretation which holds that since the citizens cannot grasp the Good, they assume an insignificant political position, including the allegations that they are cogs, slaves, morally obtuse, and politically inept.
Kiedy sacrum sprofanowano, czyli sanktuarium św. Anny w czasie II wojny światowej
Authors: Denys Łukasz
Published: March 2020

WHEN SACRUM WAS DESECRATED, THAT IS ST. ANNA’S SANCTUARY DURING SECOND WORLD WARThe Anastazy Piotr Polanko’s monograph “The Franciscans in Annaberg during second World War” is anew publication concerning the history of the Annaberg’s cloister just before the2nd World War and during the war. It has been published by St. Antony’s Franciscan Publisher in 2013. It was elaborated on the basis of archives of Annaberg’s Franciscan cloister. The author had to make an effort to translate the remaining documents from German. In his book he presents biographies of friars who lived in the cloister during first years of war, their ministry work with number of statistics regarding trips, sermons, retreats, pilgrimage movement, and then the moment of their exile from Annaberg and gaining the church property by Nazis. You can also find information about father Franciszek Dusza’s work who was then arector. In his work, despite some obscurities, Polanko clearly presents tragic history of war, when the sanctuary could not be used as atemple, and the German authorities tried to repress the pilgrimage journeys. This is asignificant publication for those interested in Annaberg history, the sanctuary or the Franciscan Wrocław province.
„Klatka Ezry”. Między poezją a polityką
Authors: Sikorski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

EZRA’S CAGE”. BETWEEN POETRY AND POLITICSEzra Pound 1885–1975 was, next to Thomas Stearns Eliot, the most prominent American poet of modernist. He was considered the creator of vorticism and imagism — modern trends in art and world culture. In his works he reached to different eras and cultural trends. He was as well fascinated by medieval Provençal, Spanish and Italian literature, and Japanese art of haiku. On his work also had an impact scholasticism, Confucianism and Far East literature. In addition to poetry, Pound was also involved in literary criticism, painting and sculpture, he wrote historiosophical es­says and dramas. The greatest fame brought him, however, written for many years, „Canto”. During his stay in the British Isles he also dealt with politics and economics. He was considered a supporter of the theory of Social Credit of Hugh Douglas Clifford, aBritish engineer and economic theorist. In the early twenties Pound went to Italy. Here he became fascinated with fascism and the person of Benitto Musollini. In his works including his poetic works appeared clear fascist and anti-Semitic accents. He criticized Jewish international financiers and banking critique of usury. During World War II he gave propaganda „talks” in the Italian radio. He praised the organization of the fascist state and fascism as an idea, and at the same time warned the threat from international Jewish conspiracy. His views meant that he was accused of collaboration and treason. He was arrested and imprisoned in the US prison camp near Genoa. He spent almost amonth in aclosed cage. During his stay in the camp he had nervous breakdown. After transportation to the United States for many years he was locked out in hospital for mentally ill. After leaving the hospital, he returned to public space. Still creative, he was nominated for the most prestigious literary awards. His works have been translated into many languages around the world, including Polish. He died in Italy in 1975.
Proteuszowy świat myśli politycznej
Authors: Jaskólski Michał
Published: March 2020

THE PROTEAN WORLD OF POLITICAL THOUGHTReferring to the Proteus myth, the author analyses the causes of changes taking place in the image and reception of political ideas and doctrines. He points to the current Polish ideological dis­pute between the advocates of liberal democracy and concepts of republicanism. Another question concerns the problem of interpretation and its various levels, where metamorphosis usually occurs. Finally, the author points to the problem of choosing tradition as a factor supporting the transform­ation of ideas and their impact on the current political set-up in Poland.