bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satellite-Based Characterization of Convection and Impacts from the Catastrophic 10 August 2020 Midwest U.S. Derecho
Authors: Bell Jordan R. , Bedka Kristopher M. , Schultz Christopher J. , Molthan Andrew L. , Bang Sarah D. , Glisan Justin , Ford Trent , Lincoln W. Scott , Schultz Lori A. , Melancon Alexander M. , Wisinski Emily F. , Itterly Kyle , Homeyer Cameron R. , Cecil Daniel J. , Cogil Craig , Donavon Rodney , Lenning Eric , Wolf Ray
Published: January 2022

The catastrophic derecho that occurred on 10 August 2020 across the midwestern United States caused billions of dollars of damage to both urban and rural infrastructure as well as agricultural crops, most notably across the state of Iowa. This paper documents the complex evolution of the derecho through the use of low-Earth-orbit passive-microwave imager and GOES-16 satellite-derived products complemented by products derived from NEXRAD weather radar observations. Additional satellite sensors including optical imagers and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) were used to observe impacts to the power grid and agriculture in Iowa. SAR improved the identification and quantification of damaged corn and soybeans, as compared to true-color composites and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A statistical approach to identify damaged corn and soybean crops from SAR was created with estimates of 1.97 million acres of damaged corn and 1.40 million acres of damaged soybeans in the state of Iowa. The damage estimates generated by this study were comparable to estimates produced by others after the derecho, including two commercial agricultural companies.
Exceptional Warmth in the Northern Hemisphere during January–March of 2020: The Roles of Unforced and Forced Modes of Atmospheric Variability
Authors: Schubert Siegfried D. , Chang Yehui , DeAngelis Anthony M. , Koster Randal D. , Lim Young-Kwon , Wang Hailan
Published: January 2022

Much of northern Eurasia experienced record high temperatures during the first three months of 2020, and the eastern United States experienced a significant heat wave during March. In this study, we show that the above episodes of extraordinary warmth reflect to a large extent the unusual persistence and large amplitude of three well-known modes of atmospheric variability: the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern. We employ a “replay” approach in which simulations with the NASA GEOS AGCM are constrained to remain close to MERRA-2 over specified regions of the globe in order to identify the underlying forcings and regions that acted to maintain these modes well beyond their typical submonthly time scales. We show that an extreme positive AO played a major role in the surface warming over Eurasia, with forcing from the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions acting to maintain its positive phase. Forcing from the tropical Indian Ocean and Atlantic regions produced positive NAO-like responses, contributing to the warming over eastern North America and Europe. The strong heat wave that developed over eastern North America during March was primarily associated with an extreme negative PNA that developed as an instability of the North Pacific jet, with tropical forcing providing support for a prolonged negative phase. A diagnosis of the zonally symmetric circulation shows that the above extratropical surface warming occurred underneath a deep layer of tropospheric warming, driven by stationary eddy-induced changes in the mean meridional circulation.
Predictive Value of Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammatory Markers for 5-Year Survival After Carotid Endarterectomy: Implications for Practice
Authors: Casanova Núria , Diaz-Duran Carles , Nieto Lluís , Llort Carme , Elosua Roberto , Clara Albert
Published: January 2022

Complete blood count inflammatory markers (CBC-IMs) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative CBC-IMs and 5-year survival after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Retrospective analysis of 411 consecutive patients who underwent CEA between 2004 and 2018 was done. CBC-IM included the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Survival rate at 5 years was 79.8%. Age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05, P = .003), hemoglobin (HR = 0.78, P < .001), heart failure (HR = 2.91, P = .005), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-IV score (HR = 2.41, P = .043), and active neoplastic disease (HR = 2.61, P = .028) were independently related to survival. The discrimination of this model (C-statistic) was 0.698. Spline analysis showed a linear relationship between survival and NLR ( P < .001), PLR ( P < .001), and SII ( P < .001). After adjusting for the baseline predictive score, there was a significant relationship between survival and NLR (HR = 1.191, P = .001), PLR (HR = 1.004, P = .017), and SII (HR = 1.001, P < .001). The addition of NLR, PLR, and SII to the survival model improved the continuous net reclassification index (c-NRI) by 0.29 ( P = .028), 0.347 ( P = .008), and 0.481 ( P < .001), respectively, but not the C-statistic. CBC-IMs show a linear and independent relationship with 5-year survival after CEA and may moderately contribute to patient selection for this preventive intervention.
Trembling city: Policing Freetown’s war-peace transition
Authors: Albrecht Peter , Christensen Maya Mynster
Published: January 2022

While divided cities are characterized by spatially cemented segregation and polarized divisions, the trembling city is organized around transient and transformative borders. We conceptualize this notion of urban space to capture Freetown’s war-peace transition in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Ex-combatants settled on the city margins, bringing with them spatial strategies from war-fighting into the city by recreating a system of bases. The Sierra Leone Police (SLP) re-emerged with external support, seeking to compartmentalize and fixate Freetown through a combination of force and negotiation. We use borders and bordering to understand policing as attempts by both ex-combatants and the SLP to border in as well as out; defensively against external interference and offensively to make territorial claims. By extension, it is tensions in these practices between attempts to defend and harden borders, and at the same time, expand and soften them that trigger a tremble. The city tremble was a reminder of the possibility of war that Freetown very easily could return to. It also became a more general and inconspicuous condition of the city as an inhabited space, where multiple and often incompatible and conflictual spatial logics, strategies, and practices of policing clashed, overlapped and co-existed uneasily.
Latinx Undergraduates’ Navigation in the Context of COVID-19 and Racial Injustice
Authors: Morgan Melissa L. , Zetzer Heidi A.
Published: January 2022

Six self-identified, first-generation, Latinx, undergraduates from West Coast public institutions were recruited via social media to participate in individual, semi-structured, qualitative interviews about their experiences with COVID-19 and racial injustice during the summer and fall of 2020. Interviews explored challenges and meaning-making around what was happening in participants’ lives during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they experienced and made sense of those events. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify emergent themes that fell into two main categories: (a) Adversities and (b) Ways of Overcoming. Several subthemes also emerged and are discussed for each category, including various ways of facing adversity, such as reliance on family and friends. Results highlight the need for expanded resources for first-generation Latinx undergraduate students. Limitations and future directions, as well as implications for counseling psychology researchers, educators, and practitioners are discussed.
A Closer Look at Warning Cues on the Sustained Attention to Response Task Performance
Authors: Dang Jasmine A. , Shaw Tyler H. , McKnight Patrick E. , Helton William S.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

We investigated the effects of auditory cues of varying reliability levels on response inhibition performance using a target detection task to determine if external cues offer performance benefits. Further, we examined how the slope of the speed accuracy trade-off changes as a function of auditory cue reliability and used the trade-off to understand where any performance gains may be realized.

Background

Researchers have proposed that the sustained attention to response task (SART) can be used to study the mechanisms causing failures of response inhibition. External cues may mitigate the results of motor inhibition failure. The extent to which external cues can effectively aid performance depends on the level of cue reliability.

Method

Ninety-one participants performed three SARTs with auditory cue assistance at three different levels of reliability (i.e. 0%, 60% and 100% reliable at cueing imminent No-Go stimuli).

Results

We observed fewer errors of commission and faster reaction time in conditions with higher cue reliability. The slope of speed-accuracy trade-off relationship was impacted by cue reliability and was not a simple linear function.

Conclusion

Reliable auditory cues aid performance by reducing reaction time and errors of commission. Auditory cues also impact the relationship between speed and accuracy trade-off.

Application

Insights of cue effectiveness at different reliability levels help people make informed decisions in developing automation interfaces or sensors based on expected performance. Reliable cues mitigate the risk of impulsive errors; however, the reliability has to be high to have a noticeable impact on the speed-accuracy trade-off.
Residual stress reduction during composite manufacturing through cure modification: In situ analysis
Authors: Chava Sandeep , Namilae Sirish , Al-Haik Marwan
Published: January 2022

Residual stresses are detrimental to composite structures as they induce processing defects like debonding, delamination, and matrix cracking which significantly decrease their load-bearing capability. In this research, a new in-situ approach using digital image correlation is utilized to analyze the effect of the cure cycle modification on residual stress evolution during processing. It was found that the modified cure cycle comprising abrupt cooling after gelation reduces the residual stresses. Five different layup configurations are investigated to examine the effect of fiber direction. A maximum average residual stress reduction of 31.8% is observed for the balanced unsymmetric [30/-30/60/-60] laminate. The residual stress reduction results in an increase in failure strength between 4 and 12% in the different layups and can lead up to a 22% increase in first-ply failure strength.
Are Different Two-Dimensional Models of Culture Just a Matter of Different Rotations? Evidence From the Analysis Based on the WVS/EVS
Authors: Kaasa Anneli , Minkov Michael
Published: January 2022

There is a need for a simple and graspable model of culture covering the main cultural differences across modern nations. A two-dimensional model might be a reasonable choice. We analyzed data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study to test whether different two-dimensional models are factor rotations of each other. We took into account criticisms regarding the choice of items in Inglehart’s analysis of the same data source. Nevertheless, we replicated his dimensions. By means of factor rotation by various angles we aligned our dimensions and those of Inglehart with other previously published sets of dimensions. Thus, although different studies seem to have produced different two-dimensional solutions depending on the study design, those solutions are actually related to each other. There is no right or wrong placement of axes—they describe the same relationships between cultural elements. By showing the positions of various sets of cultural dimensions relative to each other, this study adds another viewpoint that can help researchers make sense of the huge variety of cultural dimensions in the literature.
Perceptual Responses and Future Exercise Intentions of Individuals With Systemic Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Moreira Mirelle Vieira , Neves Victor Ribeiro , Schwingel Paulo Adriano , Moreira Sergio Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

To analyze the perceptual responses and future intentions (FI) to engage in continuous moderate aerobic exercise (CE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) of individuals with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), we had 25 participants with SAH ( M age = 48.0, SD = 8.0 years) perform, on different days and in randomized order, 33 minute sessions of CE and 30 minutes of HIIE. Twenty seconds after each 3-minutes of these sessions, we obtained participant responses to Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the Feeling Scale (FS), the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), and attentional focus (AF). We assessed their FI to engage in CE and HIIE at the end of each session. We analyzed results using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures, Spearman correlation coefficients, a simple linear regression, and Wilcoxon test. We found a significant time by session type (CE and HIIE) interaction effect for RPE ( p < .001), FAS ( p = .002), and AF ( p = .004). Participants’ FI to engage in HIIE were only significantly correlated with FAS ( r = −.424; p = .035) and AF ( r = .431 ; p = .032) responses. FAS responses (βz = −.455; R2 = .207 ; p = .022) and AF responses (βz = .467; R2 = .218; p = .019) predicted FI for engaging in HIIE. There were no significant differences in participants’ FI to engage in CE sessions ( M = 76.4, SD =22.5%) versus HIIE sessions ( M = 71.8, SD = 22.9%; p = .177). Individuals with SAH had more positive perceptions of CE than HIIE, as seen by their greater dissociative AF in the CE sessions. Furthermore, these results supported the application of strategies aimed at manipulating AF in this population, possibly as a tool to increase participants’ FI to engage in subsequent physical exercise.
Anthropotropism: Searching for Recognition in the Scandinavian Gig Economy
Authors: Newlands Gemma
Published: January 2022

By curtailing workplace socialisation, platform-mediated gig work hinders the development of affective relationships necessary for the experience of recognition. However, extant research into recognition at work has typically only focused on face-to-face interactions, overlooking technologically complex forms of work where recognition might be sought from and via technical intermediaries. Advancing sociological research into the lived experience of contemporary gig workers, this article draws on 41 interviews with Foodora riders in Norway and Sweden to explore how gig workers solicit and experience recognition at work. I identify a process of anthropotropism, whereby gig workers turn to human connections where possible in an attempt to pursue traditional social scripts of collegiality and to gain recognition from legitimate human sources. Further, I identify how platform-mediated communication does not prohibit recognition, but intermittent automation and neoliberal modes of instrumentalising recognition can disrupt the development of individual subjectivities and lead to feelings of mechanistic dehumanisation.
Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of a multi-principle drafting system in ring spinning
Authors: Quan Jing , Cheng Longdi , Yu Jianyong , Xue Wenliang
Published: January 2022

The multi-principle drafting device is investigated to improve the comprehensive properties of ring spun yarns. In this study, the front gathering area on the multi-principle drafting device was mathematically modeled to analyze the effects of inlet width, outlet width and path length of the grooved collector on friction forces. The numerical analysis results demonstrate that the outlet width and path length play important roles in frictional forces, while the variation of the inlet widths has little effect on the friction forces. The experiment results also reveal that for 18.4 tex yarns, different outlet widths of the grooved collector have considerable influence on yarn tenacity and hairiness, whereas they show an insignificant effect on yarn evenness and imperfections. Moreover, the effects of process parameters (different roller gauges and break draft ratios) on the novel drafting device with an optimized grooved collector to spin 18.4 tex yarns were investigated by response surface methodology. The results indicate that although the break draft ratio and front roller gauge create significant effects on yarn unevenness, the back roller gauge has no apparent influence on it. In addition, response surface methodology predicted the minimum yarn unevenness of 10.71% under optimal conditions of 1.2 break draft ratio, 32.5 mm back roller gauge and 17.5 mm front roller gauge, which is very close to the experimental result of 10.57%, reaching an advanced level compared to Uster Statistics 2018 of 5%.
Probabilistic Forecasts Using Expert Judgment: The Road to Recovery From COVID-19
Authors: Athanasopoulos George , Hyndman Rob J. , Kourentzes Nikolaos , O’Hara-Wild Mitchell
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect on many industries around the world including tourism and policy makers are interested in mapping out what the recovery path will look like. We propose a novel statistical methodology for generating scenario-based probabilistic forecasts based on a large survey of 443 tourism experts and stakeholders. The scenarios map out pessimistic, most-likely and optimistic paths to recovery. Taking advantage of the natural aggregation structure of tourism data due to geographic locations and purposes of travel, we propose combining forecast reconciliation and forecast combinations implemented to historical data to generate robust COVID-free counterfactual forecasts, to contrast against. Our empirical application focuses on Australia, analyzing international arrivals and domestic flows. Both sectors have been severely affected by travel restrictions in the form of international and interstate border closures and regional lockdowns. The two sets of forecasts, allow policy makers to map out the road to recovery and also estimate the expected effect of the pandemic.
Equality for Women: The Constituent Assembly Debates and the Making of Equality Jurisprudence by and for Women
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: January 2022

This article explores how 15 women members in the nearly all-male constitution-making process contributed to crafting of sex equality in India’s Constitution. Women members, opposed to positive discrimination and having faith in personal merit and ability to overcome odds, asserted their voice in India’s Constituent Assembly to redress women’s subordination caused by socio-religious androcentric practices, customs and laws. But the outcomes depended upon the religio-masculine complex which never permitted the issue of gender inequalities to take centrestage in the constitution-making process. However, for women members, as evident from this enquiry, the mere removal of sex as a constraint upon them was of paramount importance as merit, ability and competence could further help them achieve progress and equalisation. Second, what appears is that in the women's imagination, the guarantee of equality being crafted included an eradication of historical gender inequalities.
Parental warmth may not always be beneficial: High parental warmth impairs victimized adolescents’ academic achievement via elevated school burnout
Authors: Li Caina , Tan Xulan , Zhao Qingling , Ren Ping
Published: January 2022

Although research has documented the adverse effect of peer victimization on academic achievement, little is known about the underlying mechanism. This three-wave longitudinal study attempts to examine whether school burnout would explain the influence of peer victimization on academic achievement and whether this undesirable effect would be conditional on parental warmth using a sample of 706 Chinese adolescents (54.77% boys; Mage = 12.72 years, SD = 0.40 at baseline). Both self-reported and peer-nominated victimization, school burnout, and parental warmth were assessed at baseline, and school burnout was measured 1 year later. Their academic achievement was collected from school records at baseline and 2 years later. The results revealed that self-reported (rather than peer-nominated) victimization at baseline impaired students’ academic achievement 2 years later through increasing their school burnout. Interestingly, higher parental warmth aggravated, rather than alleviated this indirect effect. These findings support the Reverse Stress-Buffering Model and the Ecological Systems Theory highlighting the importance of considering multiple interpersonal relationships simultaneously to heighten adolescent academic performance.
“The stakes are so high and it’s happening so fast”: Adult children’s perceptions of family role shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hernandez Rachael A , Colaner Colleen
Published: January 2022

During the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, families must communicate to assess and avoid risk. Given the specific threat of COVID-19 to individuals of advanced age, a crisis of this nature may trigger a role reversal for parents and adult children in the family wherein adult children lend emotional and instrumental support to their parents while suppressing their own needs. To understand if and how the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the role shifts of adult children, this study provides an analysis of interviews with 17 adult children. The results explain how emotional and instrumental support emerged in these families as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews also highlighted adult children’s acute need to steer parents toward protective health behaviors, expanding understanding of role shifts and creating a new area of focus for practitioners interested in family communication during a crisis.
Maternal experiences of childhood psychological maltreatment: Relations with toddler emotional regulation
Authors: Aviles Ashleigh I. , Reisz Samantha , Jacobvitz Deborah , Hazen Nancy
Published: January 2022

Childhood psychological maltreatment is a prevalent type of maltreatment, but one that is less studied compared to other forms of abuse. The intergenerational effects of psychological maltreatment have yet to be fully explored. This study examined mothers’ recollections of childhood experiences of psychological maltreatment, assessed prenatally, and in relation to their own and their toddler’s emotion regulation. Psychological maltreatment was assessed through a new coding system created for use with Adult Attachment Interviews (AAIs). Using structural equation modeling, we examined the direct effects of mothers’ accounts of psychological and physical maltreatment during childhood on mothers’ emotion dysregulation in a caregiving context and their toddlers’ observed emotional dysregulation. Participants were 125 mother–toddler dyads in central Texas ( Mage = 29.9 years). Mothers completed AAIs prenatally; toddlers completed frustration tasks to assess underregulation at 24 months of age. Maternal experiences of psychological maltreatment, but not physical maltreatment, were related to maternal emotion dysregulation during parenting and their children’s emotional underregulation. Mother and child emotional dysregulation were also related. The effects of mothers’ childhood experiences of psychological maltreatment have specific intergenerational consequences and must be explored separately from their experiences of physical maltreatment.
Different effects of anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment on interpersonal trust: A multilevel meta-analysis
Authors: Bao Xiuqin , Li Song , Zhang Yaoyao , Tang Qingting , Chen Xu
Published: January 2022

Interpersonal trust is significant in the development of society. Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding the trust-building process. Although many studies have investigated the association between attachment and interpersonal trust, controversy still exists regarding their correlation and the separate effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on interpersonal trust. This meta-analysis summarized the combined relationship between both attachment dimensions and interpersonal trust in adults by including 53 articles reporting 149 effect sizes ( N = 45,166). The results revealed that both attachment dimensions were negatively, concurrently, and longitudinally associated with interpersonal trust. Further, subgroup analyses indicated that attachment avoidance was more strongly related to interpersonal trust than attachment anxiety ( F(1,291) = 459.568, p < .001). The effect sizes varied across cultures, trust figures, and sample sizes. The effect sizes between attachment anxiety ( r = −.038) and attachment avoidance ( r = −.15) on interpersonal trust in Chinese studies were both lower than in Western studies. Our results highlight the importance of attachment security in interpersonal relationships.
Linking family relationships with peer relationships based on spillover theory: A positive perspective
Authors: Liu Lisha , Wu Yuting , Li Yanfang
Published: January 2022

This study employed a cross-sectional design to investigate the direct and indirect linkages between family relationships (i.e., interparental, mother–child, and father−child closeness) and peer relationships (i.e., social preference and the number of friendships) based on spillover theory from a positive perspective. Data were collected in 2016. The participants included 992 fourth to ninth graders ( Mage = 12.6 years, 48.1% male) and their parents in China. Parents’ and children’s self-report measures for family relationships and children’s love and sociometric methods for peer relationships were used. The results of a path analysis show the following: (1) mother–child closeness was directly linked to children being preferred by peers; (2) interparental, mother–child, and father–child closeness were indirectly and positively linked to social preference and the number of friendships through children’s love, in addition, interparental closeness was linked to the number of friendships through mother-child closeness; and (3) multigroup analyses reveal several developmental differences in the indirect family–peer relationship. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The roles of parental and partner attachment working models in romantic relationships
Authors: Dugan Keely A. , Fraley R. Chris
Published: January 2022

Attachment theory suggests that romantic relationship dynamics are not only shaped by how people relate to their partners but also by the bonds they share with other important people in their lives. The present study investigated how parental and partner attachment representations work together to predict romantic relationship functioning. In addition, we examined how the associations between these working models and relationship functioning might differ in newer versus more established relationships. We measured attachment representations and relationship functioning in a sample of 1,469 adults involved in romantic relationships. Our results suggest that partner-specific attachment might mediate the associations between parental attachment working models and relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, it appears that the association between partner-specific attachment anxiety and relationship satisfaction is stronger in more established relationships, whereas partner-specific avoidance is associated with satisfaction to similar degrees across relationships of varying lengths.
Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes, differentially methylated genes, and natural compounds in hepatitis C virus-induced cirrhosis
Authors: Cheng Junxiong , Chen Zhiwei , Zuo Guoqing , Cao Wenfu
Published: January 2022

Objective

To identify key genes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced cirrhosis and to predict effective drugs for its treatment.

Methods

Three datasets were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in HCV-induced cirrhosis. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses using the clusterProfiler R package. Their respective protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Cross analysis of DEGs and DMGs was performed to identify the genetic landscape of HCV-induced cirrhosis, and five genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Molecular autodocking between ISG15 and natural products was performed using AutoDock Tool 1.5.6.

Results

A total of 357 DEGs and 8,830 DMGs were identified. DEG functional analysis identified several pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-induced cirrhosis. Cross analysis of DEGs and DMGs identified 212 genes, and PPI network analysis identified 25 hub genes. Finally, five genes including ISG15 were identified and confirmed in dataset GSE36411. Artesunate and betulinic acid were shown to have a strong binding affinity to ISG15.

Conclusion

Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of HCV-induced cirrhosis which could lead to the identification of new therapeutics.
One Phase Treatment of Adolescent Class II Malocclusion Using Twin-Block Appliance and Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance—A Case Report
Authors: Peter Elbe
Published: January 2022

This case report was presented in the Indian Board of Orthodontics examination under category II in September 2020. It demonstrates the one-phase treatment of a skeletal class II malocclusion in a 11 year-4-month old female using a combination of functional and fixed appliance therapy. The treatment summary along with various supporting records are reprinted here with minimal editing and reformatting so as to reproduce the actual documents submitted to the board.
Music listening as a coping resource in domestic and international university students
Authors: Vidas Dianna , Nelson Nicole L , Dingle Genevieve A
Published: January 2022

Starting university can be challenging for students, and emerging research indicates that music listening may be a helpful coping resource. At this stage, little is known about the music listening motivations of international and domestic university students, and whether there are differences between these two cohorts in terms of whether their music listening is an effective coping resource for increased well-being. These questions were examined with an online cross-sectional survey of first-year students at a major Australian university ( N = 475; 61.9% domestic, 38.1% international). Music listening was an effective coping strategy for managing stress for 72.6% of domestic students and 59.2% of international students. The relationships between music and well-being differed between cohorts—for international students (but not domestic), higher endorsement of music listening as an effective coping strategy was associated with greater well-being. In addition, a moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, in contrast to international students, for domestic students, more music listening was associated with more use of music for emotional reasons and decreased well-being. Students’ relationship with music as a coping resource is complex, and further research is necessary to determine the direction of these effects.
Crafting Stories, Making Peace? Creative Methods in Peace Research
Authors: Andrä Christine
Published: January 2022

This article examines the analytical and political potentials of creative methods for peace research. Specifically, the article argues that creative methods can textile, i.e. render material and irregularly textured, (research on) post-conflict politics. Grounded in a collaborative research project with former combatants in Colombia, the article takes this project’s methods – narrative practice, textile-making, and a travelling exhibition – as examples to demonstrate how creative methods’ element of making contributes to the development of post-conflict subjectivities and relationships. Casting the data generated by creative methods as crafted stories, the article also shows how in these stories, semantic meaning becomes entangled with material traces of emotional, affective, and embodied experiences of violence and its aftermath, effecting a shift in the post-conflict distribution of the sensible. By exploring creative methods’ capacity for textiling peace (research), the article contributes to research on creativity, the arts, and peace and on the post-conflict trajectories of former combatants.
Four reasons why data centers matter, five implications of their social spatial distribution, one graphic to visualize them
Authors: Bast Desmond , Carr Constance , Madron Karinne , Syrus Ahmad Mafaz
Published: January 2022

Data centers constitute a new kind of telecommunications infrastructure that demands attention for four reasons. Data centers are under-examined in the social sciences literature, urban studies, in particular. Data centers present an under explored geography of cyberworlds. Large digital corporations such as Amazon or Google are expanding their role in urban infrastructural development (such as data centers), and it is necessary to research and explain this phenomenon. Data centers present challenges of urban governance. The graphic provided here visualizes the social spatial distribution of data centers in the Washington Metropolitan Area. There are five implications of their social spatial distribution. Data centers are concentrated in metropolitan areas. Data centers have a high demand for energy and water, competing with local residents for these resources. The data center industry is a state-led niche economy. The uneven distribution of data centers can invoke inter-county competition for tax revenue, in addition to access to the water, power, and land resources that data centers require. The scale of the problem is unknown because the input needs of many data centers are not publicly available.
Can Habitus Explain Individual Particularities? Critically Appreciating the Operationalization of Relational Logic in Field Theory
Authors: Singh Sourabh
Published: January 2022

Bourdieu’s concept of habitus claims to solve the problem of the individual/society duality. However, the concept of habitus appears to be inadequate to explain the idiosyncratic features of individual field actors’ practices. In this article, I argue that to explain the particularity of individual habitus, we must appreciate the operationalization of relational logic in field theory. I further argue that individuals learn to prediscursively identify certain types of practices as meaningful for a given field position (and not others) because of their embodied experiences of movements within the historically specific relational structure of the field. Thus, the same individual can exhibit multiple and even contradictory practices depending on the person’s relational position in the field. I illustrate this insight by discussing the political habitus of the first prime minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.
Brewing Entrepreneurship: Coffee and Startups
Authors: Fang Li , Adelakun Femi , Goetemann Theo
Published: January 2022

We examined the impact of coffee shops on entrepreneurship. Matching Google Reviews for coffee shops posted from 2016 to 2018 with nearby establishments in the state of Maryland, we found that one mile closer to the nearest three coffee shops, an establishment is 10.1 percent more likely to be a startup than an incumbent company. Coffee shops with a higher proportion of reviews related to social interaction, and those with better space quality and locational accessibility are more likely to be surrounded by startups. We identified specific features of urban third places that planners can cultivate to encourage or attract entrepreneurship.
Microstructure, mechanical properties and reciprocal dry sliding wear behaviour of as-cast and heat-treated TiN/Al-7Si functionally graded composite
Authors: Radhakrishnan Jojith , Nachimuthu Radhika
Published: January 2022

This work explores the effect of T6 heat-treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and dry sliding linear reciprocating wear behaviour of Al-7Si/Titanium Nitride (TiN) centrifugally cast functionally graded composite. The 10 wt% TiN particle addition and subsequent eutectic Si spheroidisation due to heat treatment revealed an improvement in microhardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of heat-treated composite when compared to as-cast composite. Reciprocating wear analysis at varying applied loads and sliding distances revealed a combination of specimen micro-ploughing and abrasive particle action at low load and sliding distances, which was in stark contrast to the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear at higher loads and sliding distances. The surface was characterised by mechanically mixed layer formation due to tribo-oxidation, adhesive and delamination wear mechanisms. This composite can be utilised to replace traditional materials employed in reciprocating pump and compressor applications.
Integration modeling and control of a 12-degree-of-freedom macro–micro dual parallel manipulator
Authors: Lin Jianfeng , Qi Chenkun , Gao Feng , Yue Yi , Hu Yan , Wu Yuze
Published: January 2022

Parallel manipulator systems with large workspace and high-accuracy positioning are attractive for a variety of accuracy engineering applications. In this article, a new 12-DOF macro–micro dual parallel manipulator is presented, which comprises a 6-PSU macro symmetrical parallel manipulator and a 6-SPS micro orthogonal parallel manipulator. This novel mechanism can not only realize a large range of movement but also accurate positioning. To achieve high-accuracy control, a macro–micro integrated model of the macro–micro dual parallel mechanism is proposed, including a mechanical system model and drive system model. Aiming at the trajectory planning for a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator, a smooth optimization trajectory planner for the 12-DOF macro–micro dual parallel manipulator is presented to realize smooth trajectory generation. A high-accuracy motion controller combining feedback and feedforward is developed based on the drive system model. Finally, the experiment well validates the correctness of the integrated model and motion control algorithm and reveals that the proposed mechanism is expected to be adopted into micro scale manipulations.
Investigation on the generation of bevel gear by disk tool with curved tooth surface of trapezoidal tooth profile
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Cheng
Published: January 2022

A bevel gear pair with curved tooth surface is widely used for power transmission of intersecting shafts. The bevel gear pair with curved tooth surface has higher load bearing capacity than straight bevel gears, longer line length, quieter, center distance assembly error, and does not change the speed ratio. This paper proposes a disk cutter with curved tooth surface of trapezoidal tooth profile to generate a bevel gear pair. One continuously distributed a trapezoidal tooth profile with curved tooth surface on a disc into an imaginary disc cutter to generate a bevel gear pair with curved tooth surface. This method has never appeared in the literature. Therefore, a mathematical model of a disc cutter with curved tooth surface of trapezoidal tooth profile was established and used to generate the mathematical model of the bevel gear pair via the theory of gearing. Through the undercutting analysis, explore the undercutting conditions of the proposed disc cutter and determine the parameter size limit. Based on tooth contact analysis (TCA), the transmission error and the contact pattern of the bevel gear pair with curvilinear teeth is calculated under the assembly error of the bevel gear. The advantage of the proposed disc cutter is that the transmission error of the parabolic type without modification of the tooth surface of the bevel gear pair can be obtained.
Hydraulic control valve integrated novel semi active roll resistant interconnected suspension with vertical and roll coordinated control scheme
Authors: Jayaraman Thiyagarajan , Palanisamy Sathishkumar , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam
Published: January 2022

Though the interconnected active suspension enhances the performances of roll dynamics along with the primary functions of passive suspension, it requires an external pressurized fluid supply. Also, higher energy is required to attain the variable damping force in an active interconnected system. Therefore, this research attempts to control the vehicle roll without an external fluid supply by novel semi-active based roll-resistant interconnected suspension system (SARR-HIS). The variable damping is achieved by utilizing the pressure developed in the chambers and hydraulic control valve (HCV), while the suspension compresses. The amount of the flow passes through the HCV is controlled by a model predictive controller. In addition, GA based optimization were performed to identify the optimal passive roll-resistant hydraulic interconnected suspension (PRR-HIS) parameters. For the controller design, vehicle plant model is estimated by the simple identification method in Matlab environment. On the AMESim platform, vehicle with SARR-HIS system integrated model was built and controlled in a co-simulation environment. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed suspension and its control strategy, the anti-roll bar (ARB) integrated passive standalone suspension, optimized PRR-HIS, and proposed SARR-HIS systems are tested under C class road roughness without steer and double lane change maneuver.
Simulation of vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension damage, mimicking a mesh-augmented apical prolapse repair
Authors: Silva Maria Elisabete Teixeira da , Bessa Jorge Nuno Machado , Rynkevic Rita , Parente Marco Paulo Lages , Saraiva Maria Teresa da Quinta e Costa Mascarenhas , Natal Jorge Renato Manuel , Fernandes António Augusto
Published: January 2022

Synthetic implants were used for repair of anterior compartment prolapses, which can be caused by direct trauma resulting in damaged pelvic structures. The mechanical properties of these implants may cause complications, namely erosion of the mesh through the vagina. In this study, we evaluated, by modeling, the behavior of implants, during Valsalva maneuver, used to replace damaged uterosacral ligaments (USLs), mimicking a sacrocolpopexy repair. For this purpose, two synthetic implants (A, for prolapse repair and B, for Hernia repair) were uniaxially tested, and the mechanical properties obtained were incorporated in the computational models of the implants. The computational model for the implant was incorporated into the model of the female pelvic cavity, in order to mimic the USLs after its total rupture and with 90% and 50% impairment. The total rupture and impairments of the USLs, caused a variation of the supero-inferior displacement and displacement magnitude of the vagina, with higher values for the total rupture. With total rupture of the USLs, when compared to healthy USLs, supero-inferior displacement and displacement magnitude of the vagina increased by 4.98 mm (7.69 mm vs 12.67 mm) and 6.62 mm (9.38 mm vs 16.00 mm), respectively. After implantation (A and B) a reduction of the supero-inferior displacements of the anterior vaginal wall occurred, to values found in the case of the model without any impairment or rupture of the ligaments. The simulation was able to mimic the biomechanical response of the USLs, in response to different implants stiffnesses, which can be used in the development of novel meshes.
Are science communication audiences becoming more critical? Reconstructing migration between audience segments based on Swiss panel data
Authors: Klinger Kira , Metag Julia , Schäfer Mike S. , Füchslin Tobias , Mede Niels
Published: January 2022

Over the past years, pundits, journalists, and others have diagnosed fundamental shifts in the public’s perception of science. Many of them have posited that audiences are becoming more critical toward science or that people trust science less. However, systematic empirical analyses of such assertions are lacking. Based on panel survey data ( N = 339) and segmentation analysis, we investigate migration between four segments of the Swiss population over 3 years. We find that 45% of participants changed their attitude between 2016 and 2019 to such an extent that they got assigned to a more positive or more critical audience segment. The majority of them migrated to more critical segments, which is in line with assumptions of fundamental shifts in the public’s perception of science.
The Facebook and Reliance Jio Deal
Authors: Dasgupta Meeta
Published: January 2022

The case highlights the decision taken by Facebook in April 2020 to pick up a 9.99% stake in Reliance Jio Platforms, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited—an Indian conglomerate having businesses ranging from oil to retail. While Facebook is an American social media and technology company, Jio Platforms handles the mobility and digital businesses of Reliance. The case discusses the global and the Indian business scenario. With COVID-19 in the backdrop, that had severely dented the global economy, the decision took everyone by surprise. The case discusses what lay in store for the different stakeholders, Reliance, Facebook, the competitors and the regulators as a result of the deal. Both Zuckerberg and Ambani had ambitious plans. Would they be able to create individual and joint values so as to meet their ambitious plans? Would they be able to break new ground and extend the collaboration to explore more business opportunities?
Diagnostic agreement and concordance between consultation-liaison psychiatry and non-psychiatric (medical and surgical) doctors: changes within junior doctor’s terms
Authors: Kim Hannah , Khanna Rahul , Olver James , Norman Trevor R
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To investigate whether diagnostic agreement and concordance between non-psychiatric (medical and surgical) doctors and consultation-liaison psychiatry changes within junior doctors’ terms.

Method:

This was a retrospective cohort analysis of referrals from medical and surgical units to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service. Diagnostic agreement was calculated across all diagnoses and expressed as a percentage. Diagnostic concordance (expressed using Cohen’s Kappa) was calculated for the two most common diagnoses of depression and delirium. Diagnostic agreement and concordance in the first two weeks (Timepoint A) were compared to those in the last two weeks (Timepoint B) of junior doctors’ terms.

Results:

Around half the referrals (Timepoint A = 48.1%, Timepoint B = 54.0%) were excluded as no diagnosis was listed. Diagnostic agreement over all diagnoses was 31.7% (Timepoint A) and 29.9% (Timepoint B) and was not statistically different. Diagnostic concordance for depression increased from fair to moderate but was not statistically significant. Diagnostic concordance for delirium was substantial for both timepoints and were not statistically different.

Conclusions:

No statistically significant change in diagnostic accuracy over a junior doctors’ term was found in this study.