bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality for Laryngeal Cancer before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: The interplay between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and laryngeal cancer represents a substantial challenge for both patients and healthcare. To garner information on recent mortality data for laryngeal cancer, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed real-world data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2) Methods: We searched the CDC WONDER on-line database 2018-2022 using with the ICD-10 code for laryngeal cancer (C32; malignant neoplasm of larynx). We also performed a sub-analysis between genders, and across ten-year age groups. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test. (3) Results: The trend of age-adjusted mortality ×100,000 did not change significantly between 2018-2022 (p=0.553). Males had higher age-adjusted mortality rates (M/F ratios between 4.6 and 5.0), but no significant variation was found in both genders (males: p=0.676; females: p=0.596). Although the mortality rate remained unchanged in people aged 35-84 years, the variation reached statistical significance in those aged 85 or older (p=0.004), displaying significant increase in 2021 compared to 2018 (p=0.006) and 2019 (p=0.039). (4) Conclusions: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality for laryngeal cancer seemed to be relatively modest in the general US population. Nevertheless, closer attention must be paid to older people, in whom the unfavorable consequences of misdiagnosis or mistreating can be exacerbated.
Vaccine Refusal and Hesitancy in Spain: An Online Cross-Sectional Questionnaire
Authors: Huguet-Feixa Agnes , Artigues-Barberà Eva , Sol Joaquim , Gómez-Arbonés Xavier , Godoy Pere , Bravo Marta Ortega
Published: May 2024

Vaccine refusal and hesitancy pose a critical challenge to public health, leading to delays in vaccination and compromising herd immunity. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive observational study on the adult Spanish population in 2021. Through an online questionnaire, we explored the sociodemographic and sociocultural factors, beliefs, and opinions of those refusing or holding hesitancy about vaccines, and their vaccination behaviours by vaccine type and sex. Our findings revealed that vaccine refusal rates were relatively low (16.8%), and mainly associated with influenza vaccination (10.3%). Greater refusal of vaccination was observed in over 60 years old, in those expressing hesitancy due to vaccine components and opposing free and compulsory vaccination, unaware that vaccination protects the community and being against consuming cow’s milk and the use of infant formulas for breastfeeding. Vaccine hesitancy was greatest in individuals under 31 years old, women, parents of children under 15 years old, against compulsory vaccination, unaware that vaccination protects the community, with hesitancy due to vaccine costs, and in favour of alternative and complementary treatments. These insights underscore the need for strategies to improve education about vaccination and dispel misconceptions are crucial for effectively reducing vaccine refusal and hesitancy across the population.
A Hybrid Conv-LSTM-Attention Framework for Short-Term PV Power Forecasting Incorporating Data from Neighboring Stations
Authors: Hu Feng , Zhang Linghua , Wang Jiaqi
Published: May 2024

To enhance the safety of power grid operations, this study proposes a high-precision short-term photovoltaic power prediction method that integrates information from surrounding pho-tovoltaic stations and the Conv-LSTM-ATT model. In the deep learning prediction model, not only is numerical weather prediction (NWP) data from the target photovoltaic station used as input features, but also highly correlated features from nearby photovoltaic stations are incor-porated. The research begins by analyzing the correlation between irradiance and power se-quences, along with distance factors, to calculate a composite similarity index between the target and other regional photovoltaic stations. Stations with high similarity indices are then selected as data sources. Subsequently, Bayesian optimization techniques are employed to find the optimal data fusion ratios. Ultimately, using the selected data, power prediction mod-eling is conducted via the Conv-LSTM-ATT deep neural network. Experimental results con-firm the superiority of the proposed model, which demonstrates higher predictive accuracy compared to three other classical models. The data fusion strategy determined by Bayesian optimization significantly enhances prediction accuracy, reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) of the test set by 20.04%, 28.24%, and 30.94% for three weather types, respectively.
Strategies for Breeding Programs to Reduce Post-harvest Water Loss in Fresh Market Peppers
Authors: ER Rego , FL Finger , AMS Pessoa , Rodrigo da Silva Anderson , AA Azevedo , RMSA Meira , ALBR da Silva , RS Silva , MM Rêgo
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic effects involved on pepper fruit post-harvest water loss, and correlated to morphology traits. Fruits of eight landraces of C. baccatum, and their 28 hybrids, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, diallel analysis, phenotypic and genotypic correlation were performed to compare fruit water loss (WL), width (FW), length (FL), total soluble solids (TSS), dry matter content (DMC), pericarp thickness (PT), cuticle thickness (CT), and exocarp thickness (ET). WL varied from 14 to 68% during storage. Non-additive effects played more important role than additive, including CT, EP and TSS. Effective strategies to reduce WL should be achieved by repeated backcrosses followed by selection in segregating populations (SP). Therefore, the selection of hybrids should follow high specific combining ability traits. Selecting fruits with higher CT and lower TSS values are indirectly selecting fruits with lower WL. Varieties with low WL can be breed using landraces 04 and 58 as parents or by the hybrid 04 x 44 in open lines in SP. Brazilian C. baccatum landraces are a source of genetic variability, and the SP emerging from crossing lines with reduced WL should develop new ways for conventional breeding.
Recent Advancements in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ibrar Jibran Ahmad Khan , Albalkhi Ibrahem , Garatli Sarah , Migliore Marcello
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer remains a global health concern, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising the majority of cases. Early detection of lung cancer has led to an increased number of cases identified in the earlier stages of NSCLC. This required the revaluation of the NSCLC treatment approaches for early-stage NSCLC.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using multiple databases to identify relevant studies on treatment modalities for early-stage NSCLC. Inclusion criteria prioritized but were not limited to, clinical trials and meta-analyses on surgical approaches to early-stage NSCLC conducted from 2021 onwards.
Discussion: Minimally invasive approaches, such as VATS and RATS, along with lung resection techniques, including sublobar resection have emerged as treatments for early-stage NSCLC. Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) hve shown prognostic significance, especially when analyzing the consolidation-tumor ratio (CTR). There have also been updates on managing GGOs, including the non-surgical approaches, the extent of lung resection indicated, and the level of lymphadenectomy required.
Conclusion: The management of early-stage NSCLC requires further assessment of treatment strategies. This includes understanding the required extent of surgical resection, interpreting the significance of GGOs (specifically GGOs with a high CTR), and evaluating the efficacy of alternative therapies. Customized treatment involving surgical and non-surgical interventions is essential for advancing patient care.
Screening and the Production of Myxopyronin A Antibiotic from different Soil Environments in Egypt
Authors: Kassab Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Background: Antibiotic resistance is an overwhelming serious difficulty globally. This necessitates the exploration of novel sources of antibiotics to overcome this challenge. Aim of the study: Bacterial Myxopyronin A production from various soil environments Egypt; as well as testing its antimicrobial activity in preclinical animal testing and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2. Type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: Different soil environments in Egypt were screened for the growth of bacterial isolates producing Myxopyronin A as an antimicrobial agent. Purification of Myxopyronin A was performed via reversed-phase HPLC. Paper disc diffusion assay, as well as broth dilution technique, were exploited to assess the invitro antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) of the test antibiotic. Furthermore, in vivo antimicrobial spectrum, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacokinetics were detected during animal model testing stages and human randomized clinical trials phases 1/2. Results: From the culture supernatant of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 which was the predominant soil bacterial isolate grown on the Casein yeast peptone plate, Myxopyronin A was produced. The test antibiotic blocked the growth of many Gram +ve bacteria with MICs less than 100 mcg/ ml; whereas it inhibited the growth of a few Gram -ve bacteria such as Escherichia coli at MICs greater than 100 mcg/ ml. On the other hand, Eukaryotic cells such as fungal and human cells were not affected. Prokaryotic DNA-dependant-RNA polymerase( RNLP) was noticed to be inhibited via the test antibiotic suggesting its bactericidal action. Cmax was 7-8 mcg/ ml at Tmax 2 hours when 600 mg dose was orally administered in randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2; as well as T1/2 reached 2.5 hours following first-order kinetics of elimination. The duration of its action was nearly 12 hours after oral administration. Rare toxicity was detected during preclinical and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2 in the form of mild diarrhea and cholestatic jaundice in less than 5 % of experimental candidates. Conclusion: The present study was promising due to the production of the bactericidal antibiotic Myxopyronin A from Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 isolated from different soil environments in Egypt.
The Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Precocious Puberty: Considering the Effect Modification by Sex and the Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun , Liao Yin-To , Wen Mei-Hong , Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Chen Yi-Lung
Published: May 2024

Limited knowledge is available about the association between autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and precocious puberty. Our study examined the association between the two medical conditions, and the effect modification by sex and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in a nationwide population. To compare the risk of precocious puberty between ASD and non-ASD cases, we conducted Cox regression analysis, using ASD as exposure and time-to-precocious puberty as outcome. We adjusted for sex, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tics disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. We performed a moderation analysis to examine the potential moderating effects by sex or comorbidities. Patients with ASD were prone to have precocious puberty, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.61-2.01). For the effect modification, sex, specifically females, moderated the association between ASD and precocious puberty, with relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) 7.35 (95% CI 4.90-9.80). No significant effect modification was found for any of the comorbidities within the scope of additive effect modification. We found that patients with ASD were prone to precocious puberty, regardless of sex or comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders. Girls with ASD are at particularly higher risk to develop precocious puberty.
One-Pot Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Carbide-Derived Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lüsi Madis , Erikson Heiki , Käärik Maike , Piirsoo Helle-Mai , Aruväli Jaan , Kikas Arvo , Kisand Vambola , Leis Jaan , Kukli Kaupo , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: May 2024

Two methods for Pd nanoparticle synthesis were explored with three different carbide-derived carbon (CDC) support materials of which one was nitrogen-doped. These materials were studied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH solution. The prepared CDC/Pd catalysts were characterized using TEM, XRD and XPS. Using these methods, we can observe the influence of support materials for one-pot synthesis methods as we use the standard citrate method and polyol method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. Comparing the two methods N-doping of carbon material resulted in smaller nanoparticles only in the case of citrate synthesis, suggesting that the influence of support is weaker using polyol method. Citrate method on CDC1, which was predominantly microporous led to a higher degree of agglomeration and larger particle formation in comparison to CDC2 and CDC3 supports, which possessed higher degree of mesoporosity. Smaller Pd particle sizes were achieved using citrate and NaBH4 in comparison to the ethylene glycol-PVP method. CDC2 and CDC3 did not show significant difference suggesting that the N-doping did not have much of an influence on the ORR. Highest SA value was observed on CDC1/Pd_Cit, which could be attributed to formation of larger particles and agglomerates.
Understanding Cerebellar Input Stage through Computational and Plasticity Rules
Authors: Pali Eleonora , d'Angelo Egidio , Prestori Francesca
Published: May 2024

A central hypothesis on brain functioning is that plasticity regulates the signals transfer function by modifying the efficacy of synaptic transmission. In the cerebellum, granular layer has been shown to control the gain of signals transmitted through the mossy fiber pathway. Until now, the impact of plasticity on incoming activity patterns was analyzed by combining electrophysiological recordings in acute cerebellar slices and computational modeling, unraveling a broad spectrum of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the granular layer, often along with forms of intrinsic excitability changes. Here, we attempt to provide a brief overview of the most prominent forms of plasticity at excitatory synapses formed by mossy fibers onto principal neurons (granule cells, Golgi cells and unipolar brush cells) in the granular layer. Specifically, we will highlight current understanding of the mechanisms and their functional implications of the synaptic and intrinsic plasticity, providing valuable insights into how inputs are processed and reconfigured at the cerebellar input stage.
Active Learning Methods in Anatomy Teaching for Operating Room Nursing
Authors: Kyte Lars , Dåvøy Grethe , Eide Geir Egil , Rysaeva Alisa
Published: May 2024

1) Background: Several studies have shown the benefit of drawing when learning anatomy. Virtual Reality (VR) also appears to be useful to increase the understanding of the location of anatomical structures. This study aims to describe how students in an Operating Room Nursing (OR nursing) master study program perceive the benefit of active learning methods, including drawing and the use of VR. 2) Methods: We combined these two methods in a class of 29 students. 38 half-finished drawings of anatomical structures were made. The students were to complete these during lectures with guidance from the teacher. The students also attended a two-hour VR session where they were to find various anatomical structures. A paper questionnaire was applied to evaluate the teaching program. Data were analyzed statistically. 3) Results: The students highly appreciated these learning methods. They reported that drawing made them work more actively during lectures and increased their learning outcome. They also perceived that the use of VR technology increased their understanding of the location of anatomical structures. 4) Conclusion: The combination of drawing and VR technology may be of benefit to OR Nursing students when learning anatomy by both increasing student activity and learning outcomes.
Direct Cold Sintering of α-Al2O3 Ceramics in a Pure Water Medium
Authors: Kholodkova Anastasia A. , Kornyushin Maxim V. , Khrustalev Arseniy N. , Arbanas Levko A. , Smirnov Andrey V. , Ivakin Yurii D.
Published: May 2024

Porous α-Al2O3 ceramics is a highly demanded material for multitude applications such as filters, substrates, biomedicine materials, etc. Despite the availability of the raw materials, a challenge of their technology is in a high energy budget caused by the sintering above 1500 °C. For a cold sintering processing (CSP) of ceramics, the lowering of α-Al2O3 sintering temperature is one of the most urgent challenges at the background of its rapid development. The current paper for the first time demonstrates the solution of the mentioned problem by the CSP of α-alumina ceramics in a presence of pure water as a transient liquid. The manufactured materials were examined by XRD analysis; the evolution of their microstructures during the CSP was revealed by SEM, and the porosity evaluated by the Archimedes method. The ceramics with an open porosity up to 36 % was produced at 380-450 °C, 220 MPa in 30 min. An increase in the pressure was found to impede α-Al2O3 formation from γ-AlOOH. The development of the microstructure was discussed within the frameworks of the dissolution-precipitation model and the homogenous nucleation. The results of the SEM study pointed to the coalescence of γ-AlOOH grains during the CSP.
Comparative Study of Electrical Loads Forecasting Based on Hybrid Approaches: Discrete Wavelet Transforms with Adaboost and LSTM
Authors: Moyème Kabe , Yao Bokovi , Sedzro Kwami Senam , Pidéname Takouda , Yendoubé Lare
Published: May 2024

The dynamic evolution and variation of electrical loads is now a priority for optimum management and, above all, forecasting. Indeed, these dynamic load variations require computer tools able to implement optimal load forecasting models. Scientific research into automated models for forecasting electrical loads therefore represents a challenge for scientific researchers. Several research studies have therefore been carried out. These include machine learning approaches such as: LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and others. This article proposes a comparison study between a hybrid model based on the wavelet transform coupled with the adaboost method, and LSTM, for forecasting electricity consumption loads. Python 3.10 was used for the studies. The first results obtained consisted in the study of electricity load forecasts over four (04) data sets of the year (January, April, August and December). These results are very satisfactory, showing a good correlation between the real results of the electrical load consumption data, and the results of the implemented model. The electrical load consumption data are collected from a renewable energy production source: photovoltaic solar energy. The model test results (R2) obtained range from 0.919 to 0.958. These results are representative of real data and reflect the model's performance. The second set of results concerns a comparative study between the methods used by Y. Xie et al (CNN, MLP, LSTM-AM and LSTM-AM-MLP), and our approach. The prediction results obtained between the approaches show a prediction gap ranging from 0.15 to 0.78 for RMSE and 0.83 for MAPE. These results show significant differences between the methods. The minimization of errors by our model, therefore, reflects the model's performance in terms of accuracy, which is necessary for the optimal management of consumer electricity load forecasts in order to ensure balance between supply and demand.
Profile of students conservation attitudes in forest management and plant diversity management based on local wisdom
Authors: Sari Defita Permata , Susanti Try
Published: May 2024

The diversity of plant species found in the Temedak customary forest is relatively high but residents should not use it freely. Residents are prohibited from cutting or taking wood from the forest, they can only take fruit, rattan and bamboo for their own consumption and must have the permission of local traditional leaders. The higher the diversity of plants found in the Temedak customary forest, the higher the threat from outside. This is evidenced by the theft of wood, bamboo and other plants in the Temedak customary forest carried out by irresponsible people. For this reason, conservation attitude profile data is needed to identify categories of each indicator of students' conservation    attitudes    in    protecting    and    overcoming    surrounding biodiversity problems. This research uses quantitative descriptive method. Research participants   included   housewives,   village   shamans,   local   or community leaders. The instruments used are in the form of field notes of interview   guidelines    and    conservation    attitude    questionnaires.    The questionnaire was in the form of 38 statements tested to XI MIPA SMA students consisting of 40 respondents. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Temedak customary forest has endemic plant species, namely pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) and carrion flowers namely Amorphophallus gigas. There are 57 types of plants that generally used by the people of Keluru Village such as foodstuffs, buildings, medicins, wicker, local technology and art, as well as for the benefit or complement of traditional ceremonies. The results of obtaining student conservation attitudes from 40 respondents showed differences in each indicator.
Sykes-Picot Antlaşması’ndan Sonra İngiltere ve Fransa’nın Ortadoğu’nun Paylaşım Planlarında Şerif Hüseyin’in Rolü ve Önemine Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Yavuz Resul
Published: May 2024

Uzun yıllar boyunca Ortadoğu üzerinde hâkimiyet mücadelesi yürüten İngiliz ve Fransızlar, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlı Arap coğrafyasının paylaşımı için birlikte hareket etme noktasında anlaşmaya varacaklardı. Bu çerçevede İngilizler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin iç dinamiklerini kendi lehine kullanabilmek maksadıyla Mekke Emiri Şerif Hüseyin’e savaş sonrasında tesis edilmek üzere bir Arap Devleti kurulması vaadinde bulunarak onu isyan hareketinin içine çekeceklerdi. İngilizler, amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için savaş devam ederken farklı tarihlerde Sykes-Picot Antlaşması ile Fransızlara, McMahon-Şerif Hüseyin Mektuplaşması ile Araplara ve Balfour Deklarasyonu ile de Siyonistlere birtakım vaatlerde bulunmuşlardı. 1917’de Bolşevik İhtilali’nin ortaya çıkması ve sonrasında meydana gelen gelişmeler, İngilizleri bölgede çok sıkıntılı bir sürece sokacaktı. Sykes-Picot Antlaşması’nın ifşa edilmesinden sonra İngilizler, Şerif Hüseyin’i küstürmemek ve onun taraf değiştirmemesini sağlama adına kendisini ikna etmek için bu kez Fransızlarla birlikte yoğun bir diplomasi mücadelesi vermek durumunda kalacaktı. İki ülke bu yeni durumda Türklerin Şerif Hüseyin’e yönelik barış tekliflerini boşa çıkarmak için de çaba sarf etmekle birlikte, Arap aktivistlerinin desteğini kaybetmemek için vaatlerini en yetkili ağızlardan duyurma ihtiyacı hissedeceklerdi.
Deterioration of Hearing Due to Hearing Aids
Authors: Heo Yujin , Cho Yang-Sun
Published: May 2024

Objectives. A primary reason for the low adoption of hearing aids (HAs) among the large population with sensorineural hearing loss is the perception that these devices may negatively impact remaining hearing ability. Research addressing this issue has yielded conflicting results. This study examined the long-term effects of HAs on standard audiometric changes in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.Methods. We retrospectively analyzed patients who acquired unilateral HAs between 2015 and 2017 and demonstrated consistent use over a 5-year period. We examined demographics, medical comorbidities, audiometric data, and questionnaire results from the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids. Additionally, we reviewed each patient’s history of noise exposure and prior HA use.Results. The study included 55 patients who used unilateral HAs, with a mean follow-up period of 5.32 years. Among them, 31 patients (56.4%) used the HA on the right side. Audiometric data from the aided side showed no significant difference from the unaided side in either the pre-fit pure-tone average of air conduction (AC) or word recognition score (WRS) (P =0.73 and P =0.11, respectively). Similarly, no significant differences were noted in the 5-year follow-up audiometry of AC and WRS (P=0.98 and P=0.07, respectively) or in the change from pre-fit to final audiometry for either parameter (AC, P=0.58; WRS, P=0.70). Eleven patients (20%) exhibited a deterioration in hearing (as measured by AC) of 5 dB or greater on the aided side compared with the unaided side, while 23 (53.5%) showed greater WRS deterioration on the aided side. No significant factors were found to contribute to the difference in hearing deterioration between groups for either AC or WRS.Conclusion. No significant factors were identified as contributing to hearing deterioration after prolonged HA use. Overall, the use of HAs did not adversely impact residual hearing.
Lumbar Facet Arthroplasty Versus Fusion for Grade-I Degenerative Spondylolisthesis with Stenosis
Authors: Nassr Ahmad , Coric Domagoj , Pinter Zachariah W. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Freedman Brett A. , Whiting Donald , Chahlavi Ali , Pirris Stephen , Phan Nicolas , Meyer Scott A. , Tahernia A. David , Sandhu Faheem , Deutsch Harel , Potts Eric A. , Cheng Joseph , Chi John H. , Groff Michael , Anekstein Yoram , Steinmetz Michael P. , Welch William C.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The comparative effectiveness of decompression plus lumbar facet arthroplasty versus decompression plus instrumented lumbar spinal fusion in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and grade-I degenerative spondylolisthesis is unknown.

Methods:

In this randomized, controlled, Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption trial, we assigned patients who had single-level lumbar spinal stenosis and grade-I degenerative spondylolisthesis to undergo decompression plus lumbar facet arthroplasty (arthroplasty group) or decompression plus fusion (fusion group). The primary outcome was a predetermined composite clinical success score. Secondary outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) back and leg pain, Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ), Short Form (SF)-12, radiographic parameters, surgical variables, and complications.

Results:

A total of 321 adult patients were randomized in a 2:1 fashion, with 219 patients assigned to undergo facet arthroplasty and 102 patients assigned to undergo fusion. Of these, 113 patients (51.6%) in the arthroplasty group and 47 (46.1%) in the fusion group who had either reached 24 months of postoperative follow-up or were deemed early clinical failures were included in the primary outcome analysis. The arthroplasty group had a higher proportion of patients who achieved composite clinical success than did the fusion group (73.5% versus 25.5%; p < 0.001), equating to a between-group difference of 47.9% (95% confidence interval, 33.0% to 62.8%). The arthroplasty group outperformed the fusion group in most patient-reported outcome measures (including the ODI, VAS back pain, and all ZCQ component scores) at 24 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences between groups in surgical variables or complications, except that the fusion group had a higher rate of developing symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration.

Conclusions:

Among patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and grade-I degenerative spondylolisthesis, lumbar facet arthroplasty was associated with a higher rate of composite clinical success than fusion was at 24 months postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An NMR Study on the Coupled Effect of IFT Reduction and Wettability Alteration on Oil Recovery
Authors: Deng X. , Hassan A. , Kamal M. S. , Patil S. , Shakil S. M. , Shalabi E. A. , Hassan A.
Published: May 2024

Spontaneous imbibition is of crucial importance in the residual oil extraction from strongly heterogeneous reservoirs, such as in the naturally fractured formations. The relative importance of the two major mechanisms, IFT reduction and wettability alteration, in the early stages of spontaneous imbibition constitutes the focus of this work. In this study, two selected surfactants, SS885 and GS2, had opposite strengths and weaknesses in the two mechanisms, as was confirmed with spinning drop and pendant drop IFT measurements and static contact angle measurements. Four Indiana limestone core plugs of two permeability levels, ~30 mD and ~150 mD, were divided into two groups. The effect of oil-aging was confirmed with NMR T2 distribution changes. After oil-aging, the two plugs in each group were soaked in SS885 and GS2 solutions, respectively. The oil recovery was recorded and compared to support the understanding of the relative contribution in the early stages of spontaneous imbibition in different permeability conditions. Results showed that wettability alteration has more contribution to the oil recovery than IFT reduction in the early stages of the spontaneous imbibition regardless of the permeability difference in the range of 24~167 mD. A higher permeability promotes a faster oil recovery when only IFT reduction occurs. A lower permeability promotes a faster oil recovery when the rock is altered towards water-wet conditions.
Advancing Predictive Precision in CO2 Minimum Miscibility Pressure: An Interpretable AI Approach for CO2-EOR and CCUS Applications
Authors: Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Pourafshary Peyman , Rozhenko Alexei , Mohammadian Erfan , Wei Jianguang
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to develop an explainable data-driven method using five different methods, namely: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), XGBoost, GMDH, CatBoost and GP to create a model using a multi-dimensional dataset with over 700 rows of data for predicting MMP. In this work, we applied various AI methods (three black box algorithms and two White-box algorithms) to train a model using a multi-dimensional dataset with over 700 rows of data. Moreover, two robust correlations will be developed that can be used for a wide range of parameters. The dataset has 20 variables, and five subsets (labelled SET1 to SET5) were used as input parameters to develop models. The subsets were selected using a feature importance analysis (similar to Gray’s theorem). Among the multiple inputs tested, the model trained with SET1 and SET5 input parameters (including mole fraction of different hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon components and reservoir temperature) resulted in the most accurate estimations of MMP (R2 = 0.99). To further improve the explainability of the model, sensitivity and shapely values analyses were conducted on the developed models, and the impact of each individual feature on the output (MMP) was explained. Temperature, volatile/intermediate, and nonhydrocarbon components are the most influential parameters depending on the subset of parameters chosen; moreover, the models developed in this work performed considerably better (25-40% more accurately) compared with three well-known empirical models from the literature. The result of the current study is repeatable; the developed correlations can be readily applied in other scenarios within the scope of the parameters used to develop the models. The vast range of features in the dataset makes it suitable to study the effects of different parameters on MMP in conditions representative of CO2-EOR and CCUS.
The ESG Path to Low-Carbon Footprint: Recommended Practices and Lessons Learnt from Electrifying Recovery of the Giant Shale-Gas Basin in China
Authors: Tong Zheng , Zhang Shaolin , Li Shuai , Wang Xiaoqi , Zhang Zhigang , Wei Ran , Wang Xinzhong , Sun Qiang , Weng Dingwei
Published: May 2024

The strategic target and path to peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality, which have been initiated by several countries over the last decade, considerably affected whole energy industry especially oil and natural gas fields. The recoverable shale-gas reserves of Sichuan Basin in China is beyond 1.0×1012 m3. Environmental pollution and carbon emission issues caused by diesel-powered operations cannot be ignored. The electrification of upstream operations has been concerned and applied only in production, processing and transportation. Electrification work towards shale gas was still faced with poor economy when large-power operations such as drilling and fracturing are performed. Due to unpredictable developing progress and high energy-consuming operation, power supply and load demand forecast is quite challenging. Existing operations using coal-based power generation negatively affects environmental-social-governance (ESG) initiatives without green renewable energy.

One ESG path to green production and recommended practices towards electrifying recovery were proposed in this paper. Fully electric-powered equipment (2500HHP to 7000HHP pumping units, blending units, manifold etc.) was widely used with 35kV customized power grids. Due to great hydropower in Sichuan Basin, power generation exhibits seasonal fluctuation and focused on peak electricity consumption for civilian use in summer and winter. The hydropower and energy-storage sharing with data centers was applied to deal with seasonal energy supply and fluctuating load especially fracturing operations with great economic advantages. Electrical load variation and power gap between supply and demand were precisely forecasted through machine-learning algorithms under different conditions of drilling and fracturing.

At the end of 2022 shale-gas production in Sichuan Basin has increased to 1.39×1010 m3. Hydropower proportion has accounted for 72% of power consumption for shale-gas development with 19 newly-constructed transformer substations, 1145.7 km of 35kV grids and 1197 MVA of grid capacity. The fully electric-powered operation reached almost 40% of all operating pads. It was estimated that hydrocarbon fuels of 6.1×105 ton were replaced and CO2 emission reduction reached more than 7.7×105 ton so far. The detailed recommended practices and lessons learnt from electrifying shale-gas recovery were guidable for the recovery of other unconventional resources.
Practice of Ultra-Deepwater Shallow Well Construction in Nature Gas Hydrate and Shallow Gas Formation
Authors: Shuzhan Li , Jin Yang , Lilin Li , Kun Jiang , Hongyu Wan , Yi Huang , Guojing Zhu , Jiakang Wang
Published: May 2024

Due to the large water depth and geological structure, a large amount of nature gas hydrate (NGH) and shallow gas are buried in the shallow layer in the deepwater area of the South China Sea. Conventional deepwater oil and gas well design faces the risk of wellhead subsidence and collapse, which led to a greater risk of well construction in the surface layer. By venting shallow gas, optimizing the wellbore structure design, and using a unique surface cementing slurry system, a set of methods for comprehensively dealing with surface NGH and shallow gas has been established. According to the construction operation process, a set of risk disposal plans for dealing with NGH and shallow gas is established. Before drilling, the method of drilling pilot holes is used to release and spray NGH and shallow gas. Considering the influence of NGH decomposition and shallow gas leakage on the soil, the undrained shear strength of the surface soil is converted, and the minimum depth of the surface conductor to meet the bearing capacity of the wellhead is calculated to be 90.8 m. During the 0.6604 m holes cementing, the cementing quality is not good due to the existence of NGH and shallow gas. Assuming that there is no cement slurry sealing above the NGH and shallow gas layers, the penetration depth 547 m of the 0.508 m and 0.34 m combined surface casing is confirmed safe. The liquid lightening agent and early strength cement slurry system is used for cementing operation, and the suspected NGH layer and shallow gas layer are sealed to ensure the cementing quality. During the actual drilling operation, gas overflow occurred in the pilot hole, and NGH were formed in the subsea wellhead and the lower diversion cover of the blowout preventer (BOP), which confirmed the existence of NGH and shallow gas. Through a series of optimized design and prevention measures, the construction of the surface layer of Well S was successfully completed. A set of shallow operation methods suitable for ultra-deepwater wells are proposed for the shallow geological disasters in the South China Sea. The method effectively reduces the risk of shallow geological disasters, improves the safety of shallow well construction, and provides rich experience for the construction of such wells.
An Experimental Investigation of Surface Chemistry of Rocks in the Presence of Surfactants
Authors: Adila Ahmed. S. , Aboushanab Mahmoud , Fathy Ahmed , Arif Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Surfactant flooding is a well-known chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) technique. However, surfactant surface chemistry and the associated interactions with rock surfaces are complex and have not been fully investigated. Here, we experimentally investigate the surface chemistry of 15 rock surfaces (10 carbonate and 5 sandstones) upon interaction with different types of surfactants, including cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic surfactants at different concentrations (before, at, and after the critical micelle concentration, CMC). The rock samples were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate their structure and surface morphology. To understand the interactions at the surfactant-mineral interface and surfactant behavior, the zeta potential measurements of surfactant-brine-rock emulsions were performed, while surface chemical functional groups were identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

The zeta potential results show that both anionic (SDS) and cationic (CTAB) surfactants depict better stability, in carbonates and sandstones, compared to the non-ionic (Triton X-100) and zwitterionic (3- (N, N-Dimethylmyristylammonio) surfactants, which is due to the nature of the charge of each surfactant. Also, the FITR results indicate the existence of different chemical bonds and functional groups at different concentrations for each surfactant type, and the magnitude of these bonds differs as a function of rock type and mineralogy. For instance, the rock samples treated with CTAB cationic surfactant reveal the presence of C-O, Mg-C, and Ca-C groups at all concentrations. However, despite being present at all concentrations, these responses show different magnitudes at different surfactant concentrations. The results of this study provide valuable data set to understand the surfactant surface chemistry interactions with different carbonate and sandstone rock surfaces and thus have direct implications for chemical enhanced oil recovery.
Challenges of Cementing in Extreme Environments
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Abdalrahman Eslam M. , Nje Lobe , Almadani Abdallah , Al Ramadan Mustafa , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Sultan Abdullah
Published: May 2024

This paper delves into the intricate realm of cementing operations in extreme environments, where challenging conditions pose formidable obstacles to well integrity. The exploration begins by dissecting the diverse and multifaceted challenges associated with cementing in harsh conditions, including but not limited to high temperatures, elevated pressures, exposure to corrosive fluids, and the unique complexities of unconventional formations. Each of these challenges demands innovative and tailored solutions to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of cement barriers, addressing issues such as fluid migration and maintaining zonal isolation in the face of extreme conditions. Subsequently, the paper systematically explores a myriad of field applications of cementing technologies that have been specifically designed and optimized for deployment in extreme environments. The scrutiny of case studies, methodologies, and advancements in cement formulations, additives, and placement techniques unveils a nuanced understanding of the strategies employed to tackle the unique challenges posed by extreme conditions. Insights garnered from successful field applications underscore the adaptability, resilience, and efficacy of cementing practices in mitigating the adverse effects associated with extreme temperatures, pressures, and geological complexities. This synthesis of challenges and field applications provides readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the state-of-the-art approaches in cementing for extreme environments. By shedding light on the latest advancements and sharing valuable insights derived from practical experiences, this paper significantly contributes to the evolving understanding of cementing technologies, which are crucial for the success and longevity of wells operating in the harshest and most demanding conditions.
Innovative Strategies for Well Integrity in Offshore Top-Hole Cementing: Laboratory-Validated Success in Shallow Gas Mitigation
Authors: Elahifar Behzad , Ibrahimli Javidan
Published: May 2024

This paper primarily aims to address the pressing issue of shallow gas intrusion and gas channeling during offshore top-hole cementing. We seek to introduce and substantiate two novel approaches using the dual gradient drilling system / Riser-less Mud Recovery (RMR) system, emphasizing their practical application in the laboratory and field effectiveness (on jack-up and Semi-submersible, drill Ship, etc.). We applied two different methods of managed pressure cementing (MPC) with RMR in our study. The first method involved confirming the cement at the seabed and then filling the RMR return line with water up to the rig floor. The return line filled with water up to the rig floor including the air gap allowed us to apply extra pressure on the cement during its curing time. The second method involved closing the Suction module (SMO) valve after detecting the cement at the seabed. This trapped the cement in a closed space and prevented any gas from entering during its dehydration time. We tested both methods in laboratory settings to prove the offshore field result.

This study has provided important results and valuable insights, leading to strong conclusions. In the offshore drilling context, the innovative RMR-based top-hole cementing methods have proven highly effective in addressing shallow gas challenges. The first method, focusing on pressure management, consistently exhibited efficacy during field applications and laboratory testing. It entailed the identification of cement placement behind the surface casing, followed by water infusion into the RMR return line, effectively preventing gas channeling during cement curing. The second method, employing the permanent SMO valve to confine cement, consistently delivered commendable performance across laboratory and field conditions. It effectively prevented gas infiltration or channeling during the critical cement dehydration phase. In summary, these findings underscore the potential of these techniques to enhance gas mitigation during top-hole cementing in offshore drilling significantly. Both approaches, substantiated through field and laboratory validation, make a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge in offshore drilling and reinforcing well integrity. They also have the potential to reduce environmental impact and drilling costs.

This paper introduces innovative solutions to tackle the persistent challenge of shallow gas in offshore drilling. These proposed methods, supported by field data and laboratory validation, provide practical insights and strategies for ensuring cement integrity, thereby contributing significantly to the petroleum industry's knowledge base.
Real-Time Sand Detection for Gas Wells Using AI Applications
Authors: Maharramli A. , Taghiyev F. , Alkhasli Sh. , Mammadov T. , Yusifov I. , Javadzade R. , Ahmadov Kh.
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach for real-time sand detection in gas wells using an Autoencoder and a rule-based model ensemble. Accurate identification and early detection of sand in gas wells are crucial for effective sand management. However, the dynamic flow conditions and high-pressure environments of gas wells make sand detection challenging. The study aims to develop a methodology for sand production detection, considering the limitations of surface facilities and laboratory measurements. Methodology is based on essential features such as Acoustic Sand Detector (ASD) readings, Downhole Pressure, and Production Choke measurements. The methodology was applied for both top-side installed ASDs as well as subsea wells. To overcome the complexity of sand production patterns, we employ an Autoencoder, a deep learning technique capable of addressing the issue. In conjunction, we develop a rule-based model that leverages domain expertise to detect simpler sand patterns. The combination of these models forms a comprehensive and robust sand detection framework for real-time operations and monitoring. The proposed model demonstrates high accuracy in sand detection. After running the model on unsupervised data, we manually evaluated the results by inspecting AI estimated sand labels individually. Labels were assigned to classify them as true positives (captured sands) or false positives (false alarms). Accuracy and precision metrics were then calculated. For the top-side gas wells, the model achieves accuracy ranging from 98.5% to 100%. Meanwhile, for the subsea wells, the model achieves accuracy ranging from 89.4% to 100%. The performance of our approach demonstrates its effectiveness in detecting sand based on recordings both from surface and subsea gas wells. By accurately identifying sand presence, the proposed approach contributes to enhancing sand management strategies in the gas industry. The findings enable proactive maintenance, reduction in equipment damage, and optimization of production processes, ultimately enhancing operational efficiency in gas wells. The algorithm has been successfully deployed for a gas field located in the Caspian Basin. This paper introduces a comprehensive and robust sand detection framework that effectively addresses the complexity of sand production patterns in gas wells. By integrating the Autoencoder with a rule-based model that utilizes domain expertise, creating the framework that demonstrates high accuracy in detecting sand in both topside and subsea wells. This innovative methodology significantly enhances operational efficiency in sand management within the petroleum industry. The findings of this study make a valuable contribution to the literature, offering a novel approach to sand detection that promises to benefit the industry at large.