bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Control Strategies of Network Mass Incidents in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Cooperative Governance
Authors: Chen Yong , Feng Huaifang
Published: April 2024

The frequent occurrence of network mass incidents has posed new requirements and challenges to the governance capabilities of colleges and universities. However, the traditional management model of network mass incidents in colleges and universities has limitations in terms of management boundaries, subject status and participation, prevention and remedy. Introducing the concept of cooperative governance and constructing a cooperative governance model for network mass incidents in colleges and universities can effectively solve the current governance dilemma. This requires the cooperation of all parties to achieve a governance structure of "one core, multiple elements" for network mass incidents in colleges and universities, and improve the effectiveness of governance through cooperation, establish a sound mechanism for the balance of subject rights and responsibilities, information disclosure, expression and response of appeals, dialogue and negotiation, trust and supervision, so as to realize the transformation and upgrading of the handling of online mass incidents in universities from "traditional management" to "cooperative governance".
Influence of Increasing Carcass Weights on Pork Carcass Characteristics and Traditional and Alternative Fabrication Yields
Authors: Metz Joseph L. , Bryan Erin E. , Barkley Kayla E. , Richey Guthrie Kaitlin , Remole Hannah M. , Shirey Danielle C. , Chen Xuenan , Jallaq Khalil A. , Dilger Anna C. , Harsh Bailey N.
Published: April 2024

The objective was to characterize the effects of increasing carcass weight on pork carcass characteristics and yields from traditional and alternative fabrication methods, as well as evaluate the size of novel retail cuts. Pigs (n = 85) were slaughtered and divided into 3 hot carcass weight (HCW) categories: Average (99 to 109 kg), Heavy (116 to 126 kg), and Very Heavy (134 to 144 kg). Loin muscle area (LMA) and back fat depth were measured on all carcasses. Paired right and left sides were fabricated traditionally and alternatively (shoulder separation at the 4th/5th rib), respectively. From the alternative side, the serratus ventralis (SV) was removed from the cellar-trimmed butt, and the triceps brachii (TB) was removed from the picnic shoulder. All individual primals and subprimals were weighed for yield calculations. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS including the main effect of weight class, with sex and sire line as fixed blocking effects. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Regardless of fabrication method, whole primal and subprimal weights increased (P < 0.01) in heavier carcass weight classes compared with lighter classes, but when expressed as a percentage of chilled side weight, these increases did not often translate into meaningful differences in distribution of carcass weight. While the alternative shoulder-loin separation reduced loin and belly length, loins and bellies from heavier carcasses weighed more than those from carcasses typically produced in the U.S. pork industry today. Serratus ventralis weight was increased (P < 0.01) approximately 0.28 kg from Average to Very Heavy, while the TB weight was increased (P < 0.01) approximately 0.24 kg from Average to Very Heavy. At heavier weights, alternative fabrication of carcasses yielded novel cuts from the shoulder including the SV and TB that were of size to warrant further exploration as retail offerings.
Evaluation of Temperate Maize Inbred Lines for Iron (Fe) Concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Karim Abdul , Karim Waleed Abdul , Umar Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crops, ranking third after wheat and rice. It holds the title of the "Queen" of cereals due to its wide cultivation and nutritional value it provides. Especially iron is crucial for the proper functioning of haemoglobin and blood formation. Unfortunately, insufficient consumption of iron-rich foods is the primary cause of iron deficiency in the underdeveloped countries. A research study was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, aiming to investigate the diversity of 20 indigenous maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. Seeds were sown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study was conducted under open field conditions, focusing on genetic variations related to quality and yield traits. The results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine variability among the inbred lines. Various parameters were recorded at maturity and after harvesting i.e., plant height, ear traits, and grain iron content. The evaluation of grain iron content revealed significant variation among the inbred lines tested. The inbred line with the highest iron content was 6162, recording 40.083 µg/g. Additionally, the analysis of other morphological and yield traits showed significant variations among the inbred lines. Three lines showed promising iron content: 6162 (40.083 µg/g), CRT-3 (36.417 µg/g), and 6199 (35.25 µg/g). Based on these research findings, there is a clear need to develop a breeding plan to enhance iron content in local maize germplasm
In Silico Characterization of Resistance Gene Analog, Ds-DbRCaG-05-Rga5p, expressed under Dieback Disease Stress
Authors: Amjad Tuba , Ijaz Siddra , Haq Imran Ul
Published: April 2024

Dalbergia sissoo commonly known as Shisham, is an important timber-producing tree however dieback disease poses considerable challenges to its existence. In this study, the in silico characterization of RGA, Ds-DbRCaG-05-Rga5p, expressed under the dieback challenge was demonstrated. Homology modeling predicted that the identified RGA displayed a similarity with Guanine-N (7)-methyltransferase RID2, an 18S ribosomal RNA protein that plays a role in defense mechanisms in plants. The computational analyses predicted the presence of structural motifs including protein kinase 3, N-glycosylation site, and phosphorylation site that are attributed to proteins containing disease resistance genes. The ligand docking analysis predicted the presence of lysine and arginine residues in active binding sites that suggested its potential as an antimicrobial peptide. Hence, in silico characterization has demonstrated its role in conferring resistance against pathogens.
Integrated control of white fly (Aleurolobus barodensis) of sugarcane at its grand growth stage: A sustainable approach
Authors: Fiaz Naeem , Sikandar Zaheer , Shafique Muhammad
Published: April 2024

White fly and other sucking insect pests are considered the minor pests of sugarcane in Punjab-Pakistan. But in the last few years, the white fly of sugarcane has become a major trouble for the sugarcane growers to handle and for sugar industries to extract proper sugar. A field trial was conducted at the seed farm of Kashmir Sugar Mills (Lat. 30.9370, Long. 72.1105). Treatments were comprised of crysopera eggs cards and insecticide(s). The insecticide(s) was sprayed with tractor mounted Jecto sprayer at the grand growth stage of autumn planted sugarcane (8th-month-old crop). Pre and post-spray population counts of whitefly were recorded. The results were compared with the control with a curved polar bar chart in R using the 'ggplot2' package. It was observed that drenching of chlorantraniloprole @ 250 ml/ha made an excellent control (~88%) and 24.2% over the control treatment. The 2nd most efficient control (86%) (22.7% over control) was recorded in a blend of pyriproxyfen + bifenthrin @ 1250 ml + 1000 ml/ha, respectively than the individual use of said insecticide (61% and 69%, respectively). Very hot and dry weather in the month of May in plains of Punjab Province-Pakistan did not support the Lab. reared crysoperla eggs cards @ 15000/ha in the field. But a large number of natural bio control agents worked well and surpassed some treatments in % mortality of whitefly
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing in Crops: A Promising Frontier for Climate-Smart Agriculture
Authors: Khan Muhammad Diyar , Ahmad Bushra , Ahmed Syed Faizan
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review paper explores the transformative role of CRISPR-Cas technology in addressing critical challenges faced by agriculture in the era of climate change. The exploration unfolds across four key headings. Firstly, under "Understanding CRISPR-Cas Technology," the paper provides a foundational understanding of the CRISPR-Cas systems, elucidating their intricate mechanisms of genome editing and tracing their evolutionary trajectory in agricultural research. Moving to "Climate-Responsive Targets in Crop Genomes," the review delves into the identification of genes associated with climate resilience, discussing strategies for precise CRISPR-Cas target selection. Case studies illuminate successful gene editing applications, showcasing the potential of this technology in fortifying crops against diverse climatic stressors. The section on "Challenges and Opportunities in Crop Engineering" critically examines hurdles such as off-target effects and navigates risk assessments. It explores the evolving regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations surrounding CRISPR-Cas, shedding light on the ethical dimensions of its implementation. The discussion extends to the innovative prospect of leveraging CRISPR-Cas for conferring multiple stress tolerance in crops, introducing a paradigm shift towards sustainable agriculture. The final section, "Towards Sustainable Agriculture: Future Prospects and Applications," envisions the future impact of CRISPR-Cas on global food security. It highlights the synergy between CRISPR-Cas and precision breeding, emphasizing the integration with conventional breeding programs. The prospective impacts on global food security and agricultural sustainability are explored, presenting CRISPR-Cas as a pivotal tool in developing resilient and high-yielding crops that can address the challenges of a changing climate. This review paper synthesizes insights from understanding the technology to addressing challenges and unlocking opportunities, envisioning a sustainable future where CRISPR-Cas plays a central role in advancing agriculture towards resilience, precision, and global food security.
Fusarium wilt disease of chili: pathogen, its mechanism of infection, eradication, and impacts
Authors: Ahmad Nabeel , Abbas Amjad , Shamsullah ,Syed
Published: April 2024

Cotton is a crucial cash crop in Pakistan, playing a pivotal role in the country's economy, agricultural sector, and employment opportunities. Its cultivation spans over 3 million hectares, primarily concentrated in the Punjab and Sindh provinces. Cotton production in Pakistan contributes significantly to the country's foreign exchange earnings, accounting for a substantial portion of its exports However, cotton pest and disease management is always a challenge as their impact change over time. The widespread use of agrochemicals and synthetic pesticides in major field crops poses significant threats to human and animal health, as well as environmental degradation. Use of beneficial microbes for sustainable cotton production can be a natural ally in the field, as they promote the plant growth as well as protect them from disease, insects and pests. They act as a reservoir of beneficial metabolites, enzymes, and nutrients, and they play a crucial role in biological pest control and disease resistance induction. Additionally, PGP rhizobacteria possess bioremediation potential, enabling them to phytoextract and detoxify pollutants and pesticides. Beneficial microorganisms like PGPR hold immense potential to replace and supplement these toxic chemicals, offering promising applications in organic farming and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. Despite their potential, only a limited number of bio-formulations have been developed using PGPR strains with plant growth promotion, metabolite production, enzyme synthesis, nutrient mobilization, and biocontrol activities. An increasing body of evidence underscores the potential of diverse microorganisms to enhance plant productivity and yield within cropping systems. Unlocking the full benefits of these advantageous microbes requires a profound understanding of their role in promoting growth, specifically in the realms of fertilization and disease control, along with the elucidation of underlying mechanisms. It is imperative to confront challenges associated with the application of plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes. This review focuses on the application of PGP microbes in the context of cotton production. Given the scarcity of information on beneficial microbes for cotton production, a comprehensive examination of current research becomes crucial, especially given the increasing interest in cotton inoculants, particularly in developing nations. The heightened attention towards PGP applications underscores the importance of advancing sustainable agricultural practices.
La polifonía en la trilogía Zarco, de Marta Sanz: de la celebración a la manipulación
Authors: Cafiero Deborah
Published: April 2024

El ciclo de novelas negras escrito por Marta Sanz —Black, black, black, Un buen detective no se casa jamás y pequeñas mujeres rojas— hace alarde de una competencia de voces que se desenvuelve en cada novela de manera distinta. La polifonía viene a ser una estrategia narrativa fundamental y un núcleo temático de la trilogía, transformando la dinámica “negra” a la par que revela las relaciones entre los pudientes y los marginados de la sociedad. Las teorías bajtinianas de polifonía y heteroglosia permiten analizar las interacciones mutantes entre expresión, represión y manipulación por parte de voces distintas en la narración. El presente ensayo enfoca las novelas primera y tercera por su multiplicidad de narradores y la presencia de Paula Quiñones, defensora principal de las voces marginadas. Black, black, black revela el poder de la polifonía para iluminar las relaciones que subyacen la sociedad española contemporánea y tal vez para encaminar los procesos de control social (tales como la investigación policial) hacia fines más justos, dada una investigadora —Paula— que sabe escuchar, interpretar y encadenar las voces marginadas de la sociedad. En cambio, pequeñas mujeres rojas resalta las posibilidades manipuladoras de la competencia heteroglósica, en la cual se le abre la oportunidad a un actor malicioso —Jesús Beato— de ofuscar la diversidad de voces para encarrillar el discurso público a su favor. La presencia tan destacada de la polifonía reúne la temática comprometida de la trilogía con su transformación del género negro, permitiendo que la novela negra sirva como “china en el zapato” del lector y encarne los esfuerzos, éxitos y fracasos de los marginados a la hora de buscar la justicia.
Los espacios cerrados en Christine Falls, de Benjamin Black
Authors: Zavala Corona Regina
Published: April 2024

Este artículo propone analizar la novela negra de Benjamin Black, Christine Falls, a partir de los espacios cerrados que se describen a lo largo de la historia. Lo anterior se hace para demostrar que en estos lugares se esconde la corrupción de la élite dublinesa y una vez que el detective (Quirke) logra entrar en ellos, los secretos se revelan. Para lo anterior, se utilizan conceptos de teoría sobre el espacio narrativo y de la perspectiva de los personajes; además de teoría de la ficción detectivesca, ya que contribuyen a la creación del ambiente característico de la novela noir. Así pues, después de establecer las bases teóricas del análisis, se examinan distintos pasajes de la novela (focalizados en varios de los personajes que desempeñan un rol importante en la trama) que son claves para que el detective resuelva el caso. También se estudian algunas condiciones sociohistóricas de los años cincuenta en Irlanda, ya que éstas ayudan a explicar las acciones y percepciones de varios de los personajes de la novela. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la importancia del género detectivesco, particularmente el de la novela negra, como herramienta de crítica social, ya que expone y cuestiona a las esferas de poder que constantemente tratan de silenciar a grupos vulnerables de la urbe.
Como recreación de la violencia, ¿es popular la novela negra?
Authors: Pardo Fernández Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

En el artículo se analiza la popularidad de la novela negra en relación con su representación de la violencia y su presunto carácter dirigido a un público masivo. Más allá del modo en el que la recrea, la novela negra propone una visión crítica del modo en el que opera la violencia en las sociedades contemporáneas, lo cual constituye una de las razones por las cuales se ha constituido como un género de gran aceptación entre el público lector. Se explora cómo la recepción de la novela criminal, entendida en cualquiera de sus posibilidades mediáticas y diversidad de soportes, se encuentra en la intersección de dos aspectos: la recreación de la violencia y su impacto en el interés de los lectores, y su supuesta condición popular, que afecta las valoraciones críticas desde la academia al estar dirigida a un público amplio y formar parte de otros fenómenos de la cultura pop, como el cine o la televisión. Los lectores de este género se enfrentan a la disyuntiva de interpretar estas historias como críticas al statu quo o reconocer la manera en que los pretendidos antihéroes refuerzan el sistema establecido. Este artículo aborda estas tensiones en términos del modo en el que inciden en la comprensión de una práctica literaria y el modo en el que recrea el mundo extratextual.
El crimen de Emiliano Zapata: las relaciones entre literatura e historia y la resurrección del mito en la novela de Pedro Ángel Palou.
Authors: Olvera Ramon Geronimo
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo aborda la novela Zapata, de Pedro Ángel Palou. Se hace énfasis en el crimen de la figura titular para, desde ese hecho concreto, dilucidar los elementos históricos, mitológicos y políticos de la figura del Caudillo del Sur. La obra literaria de Palou facilita adentrarse en el contexto de la Revolución Mexicana, pero también nos permite hacerlo desde los ojos de nuestro tiempo. En ese sentido, la figura conceptual del mito es muy pertinente, ya que esta concepción del tiempo articula en un movimiento circular el pasado más remoto frente a la actualidad, ofreciendo para la interpretación literaria que permite vislumbrar líneas de continuidad y diferencia. En el artículo se aborda la conexión entre historia, literatura y mitología, y se busca ofrecer una mirada profunda y compleja, misma que va desde la búsqueda de estrategias narrativas hasta correlaciones con hechos históricos, desde la época de Emiliano Zapata hasta la actualidad. En esto se aprecia la constante resignificación de su figura como bandolero, héroe, figura de polémica ante los discursos de la diversidad sexual, para poder interpretar este proceso es indispensable la correlación entre literatura e historia. Por ello, la interdisciplina referida en el enfoque de la metahistoria es la herramienta desde la cual se interpreta esta obra literaria, misma que es emblemática dentro del movimiento actual de la novela histórica.
Desktop Stream
Authors: Kakade Mrs. S. P. , Mane Sanket Sinabhau , Mujawar Sayama Dilawar , Patil Vaishnavi Ashok , Patil Pranjali Pradip
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The "Desktop Stream" approach is all about breaking barriers between Android devices and desktop computers. It lets you easily access your desktop from your Android, wherever you are. By combining Python for the desktop side and Java for Android, it brings mobility, accessibility, and multi-device collaboration to a whole new level. It uses screen sharing, allowing multiple Android devices to peek at your desktop at the same time. Thanks to a middleware server powered by Firebase and Ngrok, you can work together in real-time, share stuff, and get things done. This approach is perfect for today's world, where remote work and teamwork are crucial. It's built to be user-friendly, secure, and scalable. It turns your desktop into a super-portable resource that you can access from anywhere. "Desktop Stream" is not just a cool idea; it's a practical solution that makes remote desktop access a breeze. In this report, we'll dive into how it works, how we made it happen, and why it's a game-changer for remote collaboration.
Development and Modification in IC Engine for Supra Kart (Review Paper)
Authors: Ikhar S.R. , Madke Devanshu , Pohankar Atharva , Nandanwar Atharva , Phophre Pranay , Meshram Samyak
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The design of the transmission system for a student formula styled racecar using a KTM RC 390 bike engine is one of the best choice for the engineering students who design the motorsport vehicles for all the student race car competitions. As there are many rules and restrictions on engine usage such as capacity, type of fuel usage permitted, maximum power allowed of engine and many more. In addition, this report emphasize on the suitable type of drivetrain system, type of transmission and diffrential drivetrain. The present report shows the analysis and various parametric data’s of stock KTM RC 390 Engine and the drivetrain of the car
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KULIT BUAH MUNDAR (Garcinia forbesii) PADA BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Anwar Khoerul , Rizki Muhammad Ikhwan
Published: April 2024

Mundar (Garcinia forbesii) merupakan tanaman yang banyak terdapat di Kalimantan Selatan. Masyarakat menggunakan secara empiris kulit buah mundar untuk pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksi kulit buah G. forbesii terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kulit buah G. forbesii diekstraksi menggunakan etanol dengan metode maserasi. Fraksinasi dilakukan secara cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan dan etil asetat. Uji diameter zona hambat dilakukan dengan paper disc. Pengujian dilanjutkan pada uji KHM dan KBM pada konsentrasi 1,5%, 1,25%, 1%, 0,75%, dan 0,5%. Pengujian KHM dilakukan dengan metode mikrodilusi, sedangkan KBM menggunakan metode streak plate. Hasil penelitian diperoleh diameter zona hambat ekstrak etanol kulit buah G. forbesii terhadap bakteri E. coli dan P.aeruginosa sebesar 2±0,836 mm dan 5,58±3,200 mm, pada fraksi n-heksan sebesar 6,75±2,564 mm dan 2,83±1,169 mm, pada fraksi etil asetat sebesar 6,75±2,444 mm dan 10,33±1,402 mm. Nilai KHM dan KBM fraksi n-heksan terhadap bakteri E. coli adalah 1,5%. Nilai KHM fraksi etil asetat terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa adalah 1,5%. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat yaitu fraksi etil asetat kulit buah G. forbesii terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa berdasarkan nilai diameter zona hambat, KHM, dan KBM
Nanorobotics: An Impressive Technological Trend
Authors: Priyanka D Yelkote , Shafi Sameer , Vaishnavi S Ghodake , Mohini A Gurav , Ayesha N Siddiqui , Madhuri M Phulari , Rohini U Santé
Published: April 2024

Nanorobotics is a new and exciting field of nanotechnology that operates at the atomic, molecular, and cellular levels. These tiny robots are made up of carbon and have a toolkit containing useful components such as a medicine cavity for holding medicine, a micro camera, a payload, a capacitor, and a swimming tail. Nanorobots have special sensors that can detect target molecules in the human body, making them useful for diagnosing and treating various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney stones, and more. While nanorobots are still being researched, some early molecular models of these medically programmable machines have been tested. This review covers various aspects of nanorobots, including their introduction, history, ideal characteristics, approaches in nanorobotics, basis for development, tool kit recognition, and retrieval from the body, as well as their applications in diagnosis and treatment.
Spectrophotometry and Histological Staining Potential of Ethanol Extract of brassica Oleracea (Red Cabbage) on Selected Organs of Sprague Dawley rat
Authors: E. Eyo Esther , Udonkang Mfoniso I. , Inyang Imeobong J. , Umunnakwe Leonard O. , Eworo Raymond
Published: April 2024

Objective: Plants with coloring and dyeing effects have widely been used in histological staining. Natural dyes are less expensive, nontoxic, renewable and sustainable resources, with minimal environmental impact compared to synthetic stains. Red cabbage is one of such natural dyes. The red color of the red cabbage derived from anthocyanin pigments confers a great advantage to red cabbage. In this study, the physiochemical and spectrophotometric characteristics of red cabbage as well as its histological staining potentials on various tissues were carried out to determine its tissue specificity.
Methods:The ethanol extract of red cabbage was prepared using 100% ethanol, then pH, spectrophotometry, and concentration of the red cabbage ethanol extract were measured before the solution was divided into two equal volumes, and one part was added with 2ml glacial acetic acid while the other part was added with 10g of aluminum sulfate. The two solutions were used to stain 10% neutral-buffered formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissue sections separately. Stained sections were viewed with a photomicroscope.
Results: The ethanol extract was acidic at a pH of 4.89 and the spectrophotometry graph showed 3 peak absorbances at the wavelengths of 395nm, 545nm and 670nm. The maximum absorbance was 0.795 at the wavelength of 395nm and this is indicative of the pigment cyanidin which is the anthocyanin present in red cabbage. The red cabbage ethanol extract with both glacial acetic acid and aluminum sulfate showed good histological details in tissues of kidney, stomach, lungs, liver, spleen, small intestine and skin. There was no difference between the red cabbage ethanol extract and the conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain (P>0.05). Our study showed that red cabbage ethanol extract with acetic acid and aluminum sulfate is stable at 4oC, with color amber to light gold with a pH of 4.89 and a concentration of 1000 which gave good histological details. In general, our result indicates that red cabbage ethanol extract is an efficient stain for histological tissue structures and can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to eosin.
Conclusion: Red cabbage ethanol extract stained basic structures of the cell such as the cytoplasm, muscle fibers and mucins. Therefore, red cabbage ethanol extract can be used in histological staining when appropriate modifications are done.
Studies in the Measurements of Refractive Index of Substituted Thio-Carbamidonapthols In 100% & 90% Binary Mixtures of 70% Etoh-H2O Mixture at 298.15 K
Authors: Khan S. R. , Lunge M. S. Lunge , Tayade D. T.
Published: April 2024

After synthesis of any chemical moiety; physico-chemical properties of that chemical moiety must be investigated. These are essential for predications of medicinal, agricultural, industrial, biochemical and biological applications theoretically and refractometric measurement is one of the best method for the determination of the same in the drug chemistry.  Refractometric measurements of chemical moiety are one of the important study for understanding the pharmacokinetics study of synthesized or isolated chemical moiety. Considering all these things refractrometic measurements of 4-amino-1-naphthol [4-AN], 4-phenylthiocarbamido-1-naphthol [4-PTCN], 4-p-chlorophenylthiocarbamido-1-naphthol [4-p-CPTCN] and 4-p-tolylthiocarbamido-1-naphthol [4-p-TPTCN] have been carried out at 100% and 90%, binary mixtures of 70% ethanol-water mixtures in 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.01M concentrations at 298.15K were successfully investigated and gave good results.
Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Comrhensive Review
Authors: Anuja Gawai G. , Sandip Atram C. , Rupali Sable P. , Vrunda Rajput J. , Subhod Urkunde A.
Published: April 2024

SNEDDS is also important to create a wide interface for distributing the hydrophobic drug  between the oil and aqueous phase, increasing the overall bioavailability of the drug.This process can be stabilized using emulsifiers that reduce interfacial tension.Self-nanoemulsified dosage forms can improve the oral bioavailability of biopharmaceutical class II and IV drugs, The potential mechanism by which SNEDDS increases oral bioavailability.Oral administration of peptides due to proteins is a very difficult task due to poor water quality, poor permeability and tolerance of intestinal environmental stability. Many strategies are being investigated to increase the oral absorption of protein. Recently,  evaluated the ability of SNEDDS to improve the oral bioavailability of β-lactamase, a model protein. SNEDDS to the solid state can reduce chemical degradation, but  in many cases does not eliminate it. Therefore, it is important to identify microenvironment modification strategies to improve the stability of pH-sensitive drugs.
Simultaneous Analysis of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs by RP-HPLC: An Overview
Authors: Katkale Akshay , Fodase Sagar , Pingle Ashok , Dhikale Ganesh , Waghmare Pratik , Dhake Deepak
Published: April 2024

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an important qualitative and quantitative technique, generally used for the estimation of pharmaceutical and biological samples. In now a day pharmaceutical market, many newer antihypertensive combination drugs are available to control hypertension as well as to keep society healthy and stress free. All presently available old drugs have frequent dosing produces various side effects. So, there is need to analyse such antihypertensive drugs. The aim of this review is to analysed such commonly used antihypertensive combination drugs by using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) involves the separation of molecules on the basis of hydrophobicity. The separation depends on the hydrophobic binding of the solute molecule from the mobile phase to the immobilized hydrophobic ligands attached to the stationary phase. The drugs like Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan, Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Atenolol and Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide and Candesartan, Ramipril and Amlodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide and Enalapril, Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide etc. About fifteen combination drugs are analysed by using RP-HPLC. This review assists in appropriate selection of column, mobile phase, pH, flow rate, detector and form of such combination drugs.
Perbanyakan Kultur In vitro Kelapa Sawit Berbiaya Rendah Melalui Penggunaan Agar dan Gula Curah/Komersil
Authors: Nazhri Simamora Arfan , Caesar Hidayat Taufiq , Nazri Erwin
Published: April 2024

Aplikasi perbanyakan secara in vitro pada kelapa sawit memiliki berbagai tujuan, seperti perbanyakan varietas klon tenera elit, penyediaan pohon induk dura dan pohon bapak pisifera untuk varietas semi klon dan bi-klon, serta konservasi plasma nutfah. Namun, metode ini memerlukan biaya tinggi terutama untuk media kultur, termasuk sumber karbon (gula), pemadat (agar), dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Upaya untuk mengurangi biaya melibatkan penggunaan gula dan agar komersil yang harganya lebih terjangkau daripada mutu analitik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan agar dan gula komersil pada media perkembangan kultur menghasilkan pertambahan bobot embrio terbaik sebesar 9,76 gram atau 4,6 kali bobot awal. Perbedaan signifikan terlihat pada faktor tunggal agar dan gula komersil, dengan pertambahan bobot masing-masing sebesar 9,00 dan 8,56 gram. Tidak ada perbedaan pada tingkat nekrosis pada penggunaan agar dan gula analitik maupun komersil, dengan tingkat nekrosis kultur < 25%. Pada kultur tunas, kombinasi agar analitik dan gula komersil menghasilkan pertambahan bobot tunas terbesar, yaitu 10,6 gram atau 5 kali bobot awal. Pertambahan tinggi tunas yang paling signifikan berasal dari penggunaan agar analitik dan gula komersil sebesar 6,39 cm dan pertambahan jumlah helai daun yang paling banyak dicapai dengan menggunakan agar analitik sebanyak 14,7 daun (2,6 kali jumlah awal daun). Penggunaan agar dan gula komersil sebagai pengganti agar dan gula analitik mampu mengurangi biaya hingga 45,49% untuk agar dan 98,54% untuk gula per liter media. Penerapan agar dan gula komersil secara potensial dapat mereduksi biaya produksi dalam skala massal atau komersial pada upaya perbanyakan in vitro tanaman kelapa sawit.
Catalogue of the Vascular Flora of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Magallanes Region, Chile: Catálogo de la flora vascular del PNBO
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. INIA, Domínguez Erwin , Dollenz Orlando , Aravena Juan Carlos , Villa-Martinez Rodrigo , Henriquez Juan Marcos , Galleguillos Carolina , Haro Kary
Published: April 2024

During the period between November 2009 and February 2010, two scientific expeditions were conducted in the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park (PNBO). During these fieldworks, a total of 1271 specimens were collected and deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Concepción (CONC). To compile the catalog, specimens collected in 10 additional locations by previous researchers were added to these botanical collections. The catalog comprises 261 species belonging to 70 families. Among these species, 203 are native, and 23 are introduced. The species in the catalog are classified into the divisions Pteridophyta (32), Pinophyta (3), and Magnoliophyta (226); within this last division, the classes Liliopsida (74) and Magnoliopsida (152) are represented. This first floristic catalog of PNBO is of great importance due to the park's vast territorial expanse and geographical location. It contributes to the fundamental understanding of the biodiversity of this challenging-to-access southern territory and the country as a whole.
Jándalos. Arte y sociedad entre Cantabria y Andalucía
Authors: Aramburu-Zabala Higuera Miguel Ángel , Soldevilla Oria Consuelo
Published: April 2024

Las relaciones entre Cantabria y Andalucía, cuyos orígenes se remontan a la época de la Reconquista y repoblación del sur peninsular, han continuado hasta nuestros días, con consecuencias económicas, sociales y culturales que nunca se han dejado de manifestar. Estas relaciones se deben sobre todo a un importante flujo de población entre las dos comunidades, que dio lugar a una arquitectura y a una serie de obras de arte tanto en Andalucía como en Cantabria, hasta ahora no estudiadas desde esta perspectiva. Este libro se centra en la figura del «jándalo», el emigrante montañés a Andalucía, como promotor artístico, con sus manifestaciones artísticas en Andalucía, en las provincias de Sevilla y Cádiz especialmente; y en Cantabria, particularmente en las poblaciones del área más occidental de la región.
ASSOCIATION OF LEISURE PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF OLDER PERSONS IN KEDAH
Authors: Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Syarifah , Azman Nur Atiqah , Mohd Poot Erna Faryza , Dahlan Akehsan , Zainudin Aini Fazdilah
Published: April 2024

Reaching towards ageing nation in 2030, Malaysia prepares its older persons to be in better conditions with provision of a better long-term care emphasizing health, well-being, and quality of life with one of its components to be engaged in leisure activities. Older persons known to occupy their free time with leisure activities as their daily occupation. However, those activities were restricted while pandemic affecting all population globally. This study identified if the leisure participation still engaged by older persons during the post-pandemic era. A cross-sectional study enrolled 137 older persons living in Kedah via purposive sampling. Leisure Participation Questionnaire was utilized to measure the leisure activities participated by the older persons. Majority of older persons engaged in leisure activity during the post pandemic era with reading (n = 107, 78.1%), watching television (n = 98, 71.5%), cooking or baking (n = 94, 68.6%), chit-chatting (n = 88, 64.2%), and less than half spending time with grandchildren (n = 66, 48.2%). Cognitive, productive and recreational leisure activity are dominant among female while male only dominant at social leisure activity. The productive leisure activity shown a significant association with social supports received from family members rather than friends (p < 0.05). Older persons were highly engaged in indoor-type specifically cognitive activities in comparison with outdoor-type recreational activities as their leisure during the post-pandemic era. This findings as an eye opener for the community to engage and expose in various types of leisure. Besides, professional and carers would be responsible to educate and develop significant intervention strategies for integrating leisure as a means of improving quality of life and well-being to promote healthy aging.
FATIGUE EFFECT ON LANDING BIOMECHANICS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Woddillah Nurul Ain , Azhar Noor Izzati , Manaf Haidzir , Justine Maria , Alfawaz Saad S , Munajat Munayati , Adli Bukry Saiful
Published: April 2024

It is well established that knee stability can be altered during fatigue, which may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This is due to a reduction in neuromuscular control that leads to abnormal movement patterns. This study aims to review the impact of fatigue on landing biomechanics among individuals who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Four databases (Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles, with a focus on full-text English-language research articles published between 2012 and 2022. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, and two independent reviewers were involved in the study evaluation, with a third reviewer resolving any discrepancies. Data on study demographics, fatigue simulation methods, landing tasks, outcome measures, and results were extracted from included studies. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results of these studies showed that fatigue simulation reduced knee flexion only in two studies and increased hip flexion moment only in two studies during landing among individuals with ACLR. These inconclusive results show that fatigue may negatively impact landing biomechanics in people who have had an ACLR, potentially increasing their risk of re-injury. Fatigue did not affect the landing strategies adopted by individuals who have undergone ACLR. Some of these changes, such as reduced knee flexion and reduced hip flexion moment, could potentially increase the risk of re-injury. However, other changes, such as an increased hip flexion angle, may protect the joint from further injury. More research is needed to better understand the impact of fatigue on landing strategies in this population and to identify strategies that can minimize the risk of re-injury.
EMOTIONAL STATES AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) DURING COVID-19 IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Masuri Mohamad Ghazali , Wan Shafie Wan Nurulaini , Dahlan Akehsan , Ibrahim Syamsul Anwar Sultan , K Thanapalan Chandra Kannan , Che Daud Ahmad Zamir , Mohd Poot Erna Faryza , Azman Nur Atiqah , Nurhidayah Ninik , Md Isa Khairil Anuar
Published: April 2024

The global pandemic in Malaysia in 2020 has had a worldwide impact and affected the entire world’s population. Caring for special needs, children became more difficult than usual during this period. Caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) particularly could severely influence the parents’ emotional well-being and quality of life. This study aimed to identify the emotional states and quality of life among parents of children with ASD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study obtained quantitative data from the (n = 100) parents of children with ASD from different states in Malaysia using an online survey. The data collected from this study included; demographic characteristics of the parents and children, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and also the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref: WHOQOL-BREF (Malay version). The results found significant differences between demographic characteristics, emotional status, and QoL among parents with autistic children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. A statistically significant association existed between the parents’ depression symptoms and their mental health status (p = 0.03*). There is also a correlation between the emotional states with the quality of life among the parents of children with ASD, but most of the domains were very weak correlations. Overall, the study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had slightly impacted the emotional states and quality of life among parents in Malaysia.
CONFINEMENT PRACTICES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MALAY POSTPARTUM MOTHERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Yahya Noor Fairuzi Suhana , Fahmi Teng Nur Islami Mohd , Othman Siti Aminah , Juliana Norsham , Das Srijit
Published: April 2024

There are several confinement practices among the Malay community. It was noted that some of them can be scientifically proven beneficial to the body while some of them have unclear purposes of action and can be potentially harm. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the confinement practices and their associated factors among Malay mothers during the postpartum period. A cross-sectional study (n = 306) was conducted among Malay mothers and the respondents recruited through a validated self-administered questionnaire. The participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The survey was conducted online, in which the advertisement was disseminate through social media and online messenger (WhatsApp). Overall, majority of the Malay mothers adhered to confinement practices (100%). Mothers who undergo spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) were associated with doing postpartum massage (AOR 5.31, 95%CI 2.72-10.39), consuming traditional herbs (AOR 2.022, 95%CI 1.11-3.70), and showering every day (AOR 3.46, 95%CI 1.08-11.07). Meanwhile, mothers with better household incomes tend to have meals prepared for confinement (AOR 1.99, 95%CI 1.19-3.32) and postpartum massage (AOR 2.75, 95%CI 1.18-6.41). Malay mothers with SVD and better income tend to adhere to confinement practices. However, the results of this study are not generalized to other ethnicities in Malaysia (Chinese, Indian, and others).
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICALS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LOCAL ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS LEAVES
Authors: Tarmizi Nur Hazirah , Yusri Ghazali Muhammad , Kareem Zana Jamal , Yusof Hartini
Published: April 2024

The interest in drug discovery from plant sources has been the focus for many researchers due to the increasing emergence of drug-resistant microbial strains. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves and their phytochemical compounds against gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves was determined by using well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The extract showed inhibition against S. epidermidis, S. mutans, P. acnes and K. pneumoniae, ranging from 9 mm to 30 mm. E. coli was not inhibited. The MIC and MBC values for S. mutans were 7.81 mg/ml, S. epidermidis were 125 mg/ml, P. acnes were 3.91 mg/ml, and K. pneumoniae were 62.5 mg/ml. Data analysis showed that S. mutans, P. acnes, and K. pneumoniae had no significant mean difference between the plant extract and the corresponding antibiotic, while S. epidermidis showed statistical significance. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids in the extract. The findings indicate Orthosiphon aristatus as a promising antimicrobial agent.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF ULTRAFILTRATED-BROMELAIN AGAINST DENTAL CARIES PATHOGENS
Authors: Johari Amin Saiff , Tarmizi Nur Hazirah , Zulkepli Nur Ayunie , Mokhtar Norehan , Ya’kub Mohd Khairul , Sarmoko Sarmoko
Published: April 2024

Dental plaque on tooth surfaces significantly contributes to dental caries leading to acidic demineralization of the tooth enamel and dentin. This is mainly caused by the formation of pathogenic bacterial biofilm. Dental caries affects approximately 3.5 million people around the world. Compared to synthetic anticariogenic agents such as chlorohexidine, plant-based compounds were found to have fewer side effects and higher economic value. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the largely commercialized plants in Malaysia with beneficial attributes such as its Bromelain enzyme. This study aimed to purify Bromelain enzyme from MD2 pineapple core and to evaluate their antibacterial properties against dental caries-associate pathogens in vitro. This study evaluated the effect of Bromelain enzyme isolated from MD2 pineapple core using 50% Ammonium Sulphate precipitation incorporated with centrifugal ultrafiltration against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei. Bromelain enzyme showed effectivity of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for all cariogenic organisms. Ultrafiltrate Bromelain (UFB) enzyme had significant antibacterial activity against S.mutans with a MIC value of 250 μg/ml and complete susceptibility at an MBC value of 1000 μg/ml. Biofilm inhibition against S.mutans increased from 45.98% to 57.48% with ultrafiltration. A 3.25 purification fold increase was observed in the ultrafiltrate sample. In conclusion, the ultrafiltration technique is efficient in purifying Bromelain enzyme and effectively inhibits S. mutans biofilm formation and thus possesses a potential inhibitory effect on dental caries in vitro.
DEVELOPMENT OF PCR-BASED GENOTYPING METHOD FOR FAT MASS OBESITY-ASSOCIATED (FTO) GENE POLYMORPHISM RS9939609
Authors: Yusof Hartini , Mohd Rodzi Nur Aimi , Shakir Nurhanis Syahira , Mohd Ali Azrina Begam , Kareem Zana Jamal , Mohd Hatta Fazleen Haslinda
Published: April 2024

Malaysia has the highest obesity rate in Southeast Asia and is growing. Environmental and genetic factors influence weight increase and obesity, leading to numerous diseases and mortality. This study aimed to develop a genotyping method to detect FTO gene variant rs9939609, known for its association with body mass index (BMI) and obesity. In-house primers detected rs9939609. Two common primers flanked the variation region, and two more primers identified the wild type and alternative allele. Capillary sequencing verified results. We developed FTO gene variant rs9939609 genotyping. This method can be used to genotype FTO variant rs9939609 in any research.