bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome on disability in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Soliman Rasha Hassan , Farhan Hanan Mohamed , Hegazy Mohamed , Oraby Mohammed Ibrahim , Kamel Shaimaa Hossam , Hassan Amr
Published: January 2020

Background

Currently, little is known regarding the association of metabolic comorbidities and disability among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Objectives

To evaluate insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in multiple sclerosis patients and their effect on disease progression and disability.

Subjects and methods

This case-control study was conducted on 50 MS patients and 25 healthy individuals. They were subjected to clinical evaluation and laboratory assessment for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used as a measurement of insulin sensitivity. Disability was evaluated by the Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Results

As compared to control group, MS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (22% vs 8%,p = 0.04) and insulin resistance (46% vs 0%,p < 0.001). Patients group had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), waist circumference (p < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001), insulin level (p = 0.001), low-density lipoproteins (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and significantly lower high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.01). No differences in neurological disability was reported between patients who have MetS (p = 0.7) or IR (p = 0.3) and those who do not.

Conclusion

Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are more prevalent among MS patients; however, their association with disability and disease progression is questionable.
Assessment of effectiveness of anakinra and canakinumab in patients with colchicine-resistant/unresponsive familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Şahin Ali , Derin Mehmet Emin , Albayrak Fatih , Karakaş Burak , Karagöz Yalçın
Published: January 2020

İntroduction

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary auto-inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent fever and serosal inflammation. Anti-interleukin-1 (Anti-IL-1) treatments are recommended in colchicine resistant and/or intolerant FMF patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of anakinra and canakinumab in FMF patients that are resistant/intolareted to colchicine or complicated with amyloidosis.

Methods

Between January 2014 and March 2019, 65 patients following-up at Sivas Cumhuriyet University (Medical Faculty Rheumatology-Internal Medicine Department) who were diagnosed with FMF according to the criteria of Tel-Hashomer were included in the study. The laboratory values and clinical features of patients and disease activities were recorded at least every 3 months, and these data were analyzed.

Results

Forty-one (63.1%) patients used anakinra (100 mg/day) and 24 (36.9%) patients used canakinumab (150 mg/8 week). The median duration of anti-IL-1 agents use was 7 months (range, 3–30). Fifteen (23.1%) cases were complicated with amyloidosis. Seven (10.8%) patients had renal transplantation. Overall, the FMF 50 score response was 96.9%. In the group that had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/m2, the median proteinuria decreased from 2390 mg/day (range, 1400–7200) to 890 mg/day (range, 120–2750) (p = 0.008). No serious infections were detected, except in one patient.

Conclusions

Anti-IL-1 agents are effective and safe in the treatment of FMF patients. These agents are particularly effective at reducing proteinuria in patients with GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/m2, but less effective in cases with FMF associated with arthritis and sacroiliitis. Large and long follow-up studies are now needed to establish the long-term effects of these treatments.
Effects of Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract on the ovary and hypophysis-gonadal axis in a rat with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Alizadeh F. , Ramezani M. , Piravar Z.
Published: January 2020

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract on biochemical and histological parameters in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Thirty adult female Wistar rats with an average weight of 180 g were divided into five groups of six rats. Animals were divided into groups of control, PCOS (intramuscular injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate, Aburaihan Co., Iran/rat, once), and treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Stachys sylvatica. After 60 days of PCOS induction, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract were injected intraperitoneally. The control group was just injected with olive oil as a solvent. After 10 days of treatment, animals were weighed and then sacrificed and blood samples were taken from their heart for hormonal studies. Ovaries of all groups were cut for histological studies and fixed in formaldehyde, and 7-μm sections were prepared by microtome and stained using hematoxylin–eosin. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test with the SPSS software. The significant level was p < 0.05.

Results

The Stachys sylvatica extract can improve obesity in the PCOS group. The histological and hormonal results showed that PCOS induction can decrease the number of preantral, antral, and Graafian follicles as well as corpus luteum in comparison with the control (p < 0.001), whereas the number of cystic follicles increased significantly (p < 0.001). After treatment with Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract (500 mg/kg), a significant increase was observed in all these parameters. In addition, the number of cystic follicles decreased significantly (p < 0.001). The level of LH and FSH hormones decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the PCOS group compared with the control. In contrast, the estrogen level increased significantly (p < 0.01). In the 250 and 500 mg/kg group, treatment with the extract could increase FSH and decrease estrogen concentration significantly relative to the PCOS group (p < 0.01). Results of antral follicle morphometry indicated an increase in follicle diameter and theca thickness, but the thickness of the granulosa layer decreased significantly. An improvement in these measurements was observed in the treated PCOS groups with all doses.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract can improve some symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome because of components such as iridoids, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this experiment, 500 mg/kg dose of extract was considered as the most effective dose.
Kinome Profiling Reveals Abnormal Activity of Kinases in Skeletal Muscle From Adults With Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Qi Yue , Zhang Xiangmin , Seyoum Berhane , Msallaty Zaher , Mallisho Abdullah , Caruso Michael , Damacharla Divyasri , Ma Danjun , Al-janabi Wissam , Tagett Rebecca , Alharbi Majed , Calme Griffin , Mestareehi Aktham , Draghici Sorin , Abou-Samra Abdul , Kowluru Anjaneyulu , Yi Zhengping
Published: January 2020

Context

Obesity-related insulin resistance (OIR) is one of the main contributors to type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Protein kinases are implicated in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Molecular mechanisms underlying OIR involving global kinase activities remain incompletely understood.

Objective

To investigate abnormal kinase activity associated with OIR in human skeletal muscle.

Design

Utilization of stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative proteomics combined with affinity-based active enzyme probes to profile in vivo kinase activity in skeletal muscle from lean control (Lean) and OIR participants.

Participants

A total of 16 nondiabetic adults, 8 Lean and 8 with OIR, underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with muscle biopsy.

Results

We identified the first active kinome, comprising 54 active protein kinases, in human skeletal muscle. The activities of 23 kinases were different in OIR muscle compared with Lean muscle (11 hyper- and 12 hypo-active), while their protein abundance was the same between the 2 groups. The activities of multiple kinases involved in adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 signaling were lower in OIR compared with Lean. On the contrary, multiple kinases in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway exhibited higher activity in OIR vs Lean. The kinase-substrate–prediction based on experimental data further confirmed a potential downregulation of insulin signaling (eg, inhibited phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and AKT1/2).

Conclusions

These findings provide a global view of the kinome activity in OIR and Lean muscle, pinpoint novel specific impairment in kinase activities in signaling pathways important for skeletal muscle insulin resistance, and may provide potential drug targets (ie, abnormal kinase activities) to prevent and/or reverse skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans.
Management of Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Palma Jose-Alberto , Kaufmann Horacio
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the management of orthostatic hypotension with emphasis on neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

RECENT FINDINGS

Establishing whether the cause of orthostatic hypotension is a pathologic lesion in sympathetic neurons (ie, neurogenic orthostatic hypotension) or secondary to other medical causes (ie, non-neurogenic orthostatic hypotension) can be achieved by measuring blood pressure and heart rate at the bedside. Whereas fludrocortisone has been extensively used as first-line treatment in the past, it is associated with adverse events including renal and cardiac failure and increased risk of all-cause hospitalization. Distinguishing whether neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is caused by central or peripheral dysfunction has therapeutic implications. Patients with peripheral sympathetic denervation respond better to norepinephrine agonists/precursors such as droxidopa, whereas patients with central autonomic dysfunction respond better to norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Management of orthostatic hypotension is aimed at improving quality of life and reducing symptoms rather than at normalizing blood pressure. Nonpharmacologic measures are the key to success. Pharmacologic options include volume expansion with fludrocortisone and sympathetic enhancement with midodrine, droxidopa, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Neurogenic supine hypertension complicates management of orthostatic hypotension and is primarily ameliorated by avoiding the supine position and sleeping with the head of the bed elevated.
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Benarroch Eduardo E.
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW

This article reviews the anatomic, functional, and neurochemical organization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs; the effects on target organs; the central mechanisms controlling autonomic function; and the pathophysiologic basis for core symptoms of autonomic failure.

RECENT FINDINGS

Functional neuroimaging studies have elucidated the areas involved in central control of autonomic function in humans. Optogenetic and other novel approaches in animal experiments have provided new insights into the role of these areas in autonomic control across behavioral states, including stress and the sleep-wake cycle.

Control of the function of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous system functions depends on complex interactions at all levels of the neuraxis. Peripheral sympathetic outputs are critical for maintenance of blood pressure, thermoregulation, and response to stress. Parasympathetic reflexes control lacrimation, salivation, pupil response to light, beat-to-beat control of the heart rate, gastrointestinal motility, micturition, and erectile function. The insular cortex, anterior and midcingulate cortex, and amygdala generate autonomic responses to behaviorally relevant stimuli. Several nuclei of the hypothalamus generate coordinated patterns of autonomic responses to internal or social stressors. Several brainstem nuclei participate in integrated control of autonomic function in relationship to respiration and the sleep-wake cycle. Disorders affecting the central or peripheral autonomic pathways, or both, manifest with autonomic failure (including orthostatic hypotension, anhidrosis, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and neurogenic bladder or erectile dysfunction) or autonomic hyperactivity, primary hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperhidrosis.
Lower Urinary Tract and Bowel Dysfunction in Neurologic Disease
Authors: Panicker Jalesh N. , Sakakibara Ryuji
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment options for lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction in patients with neurologic diseases.

RECENT FINDINGS

The site of the neurologic lesion influences the pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Antimuscarinic agents are first-line management for urinary incontinence; however, the side effect profile should be considered when prescribing them. β3-Receptor agonists are a promising alternative oral medication. Botulinum toxin injections into the detrusor have revolutionized the management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Bowel dysfunction commonly presents as constipation and fecal incontinence. Gastrointestinal emergencies may arise, including intestinal pseudoobstruction, intussusception, volvulus, and stercoral ulcer (ulcer of the colon due to pressure and irritation resulting from severe, prolonged constipation). Bowel function tests in neurologic patients often show a combination of slow transit and anorectal dysfunction. Management for slow transit constipation includes bulking agents, softening agents, yogurt/probiotics, and prokinetic agents. Suppositories, botulinum toxin injections, and transanal irrigation are options for managing anorectal constipation.

Functions of the lower urinary tract and bowel are commonly affected in neurologic disease. Neurologists play an important role in assessing lower urinary tract and bowel symptoms in their patients and planning treatment strategies, often in collaboration with specialist teams.
On “Saidiya”
Authors: Vaziri Parisa
Published: January 2020

This article attempts to address the contemporary turn to astrophysics lexicons in Black feminism by bringing together scholarship on Indian Ocean slavery and Black studies. Through an experimental reading of encounter with Indian Ocean and African slavery in Saidiya Hartman’s Lose Your Mother, the article suggests that exhaustions of representation manifested in the turn to black theories of the subatomic reveal an absolute nonrecuperability of time-as-history. The argument unfolds through an impossible historicization of racial blackness that engages the figure of the black eunuch slave in medieval Persian history. The difficulty of the historicity of race produces and involves crises of origins that manifest in traumatic encounters with trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slavery that explode the scalar coherence made possible by established narratives of racial modernity.
Pmar1/phb homeobox genes and the evolution of the double-negative gate for endomesoderm specification in echinoderms
Authors: Yamazaki Atsuko , Morino Yoshiaki , Urata Makoto , Yamaguchi Masaaki , Minokawa Takuya , Furukawa Ryohei , Kondo Mariko , Wada Hiroshi
Published: January 2020

In several model animals, the earliest phases of embryogenesis are regulated by lineage-specific genes, such as Drosophila bicoid. Sea urchin (echinoid) embryogenesis is initiated by zygotic expression of pmar1, a paired-class homeobox gene that has been considered to be present only in the lineage of modern urchins (euechinoids). In euechinoids, Pmar1 promotes endomesoderm specification by repressing the hairy and enhancer of split C (hesC) gene. Here, we identified the basal echinoid (cidaroid) pmar1 gene, which also promotes endomesoderm specification but not by repressing hesC. A further search for related genes demonstrated that other echinoderms have pmar1-related genes named phb. Functional analyses of starfish Phb proteins indicated that similar to cidaroid Pmar1, they promote activation of endomesoderm regulatory gene orthologs via an unknown repressor that is not HesC. Based on these results, we propose that Pmar1 may have recapitulated the regulatory function of Phb during the early diversification of echinoids and that the additional repressor HesC was placed under the control of Pmar1 in the euechinoid lineage. This case provides an exceptional model for understanding how early developmental processes diverge.
Sp2 regulates late neurogenic but not early expansive divisions of neural stem cells underlying population growth in the mouse cortex
Authors: Johnson Caroline A. , Ghashghaei H. Troy
Published: January 2020

Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the switch from self-amplification of cortical stem cells to neuronal and glial generation are incompletely understood despite their importance for neural development. Here we investigated the role of the transcription factor Specificity Protein 2 (Sp2) in expansive and neurogenic divisions of the developing cerebral cortex by combining conditional genetic deletion with the Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) system in mice. We find that loss of Sp2 in progenitors undergoing neurogenic divisions results in prolonged mitosis due to extension of early mitotic stages. This disruption is correlated with depletion of the populations of upper layer neurons in the cortex. In contrast, early cortical neural stem cells proliferate and expand normally in the absence of Sp2. These results indicate a stage-specific requirement for Sp2 in neural stem and progenitor cells and reveal mechanistic differences between the early expansive and later neurogenic periods of cortical development.
Effects of temperature on acid-base regulation, gill ventilation and air-breathing in the clown knifefish, Chitala ornata
Authors: Gam Le Thi Hong , Huong Do Thi Thanh , Tuong Dang Diem , Phuong Nguyen Thanh , Jensen Frank Bo , Wang Tobias , Bayley Mark
Published: January 2020

Chitala ornata is a facultative air-breathing fish, which at low temperatures shows an arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) level only slightly elevated above that of water-breathers. By holding fish with in-dwelling catheters in temperatures from 25-36°C and measuring blood gasses, we show that this animal follows the ubiquitous poikilotherm pattern of reducing pHa with increasing temperature. Surprisingly, the temperature increase caused an elevation of PaCO2 from 5 to 12 mmHg while the plasma bicarbonate concentration remained constant at around 8 mmol−1. Temperature increase also gave rise to a larger fractional increase in air-breathing than gill ventilation frequency. These findings suggest that air-breathing, and hence the partitioning of gas exchange, is to some extent regulated by acid-base status in air-breathing fish and that these bimodal breathers will be increasingly likely to adopt respiratory pH control as temperature rises, providing an interesting avenue for future research.
Fatty acid composition and N2 solubility in triacylglycerol-rich adipose tissue: the likely importance of intact molecular structure
Authors: Gabler-Smith Molly K. , Westgate Andrew J. , Koopman Heather N.
Published: January 2020

Diving tetrapods (sea turtles, seabirds, marine mammals) are a biologically diverse group; yet, all are under similar constraints: oxygen limitation and increased hydrostatic pressure at depth. Adipose tissue is important in the context of diving because nitrogen gas (N2) is 5 times more soluble in fat than in blood, creating a potential N2 sink in diving animals. Previous research demonstrates that unusual lipid composition (waxes and short chained fatty acids [FA]) in adipose tissue of some whales leads to increased N2 solubility. We evaluated the N2 solubility of adipose tissue from 12 species of diving tetrapods lacking these unusual lipids to explore whether solubility in this tissue can be linked to lipid structure. Across all taxonomic groups, the same 8 FA accounted for 70–80% of the entire lipid profile; almost all adipose tissues were dominated by monounsaturated FA (40.2 – 67.4 mol%). However, even with consistent FA profiles, there was considerable variability in N2 solubility, ranging from 0.051±0.003 to 0.073±0.004 ml N2 ml−1 oil. Interestingly, differences in N2 solubility could not be attributed to taxonomic group (P=0.06) or FA composition (P>0.10). These results lead to two main conclusions: 1) in TAG - only adipose tissues, the FA pool itself may not have a strong influence on N2 solubility; 2) samples with similar FA profiles can have different N2 solubility values, suggesting that 3D arrangement of individual FA within a TAG molecule may have important roles in determining N2 solubility.
ALPPS for Locally Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Did Aggressive Surgery Lead to the Oncological Benefit? An International Multi-center Study
Authors: Li Jun , Moustafa Mohamed , Linecker Michael , Lurje Georg , Capobianco Ivan , Baumgart Janine , Ratti Francesca , Rauchfuss Falk , Balci Deniz , Fernandes Eduardo , Montalti Roberto , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Bjornsson Bergthor , Topp Stefan A. , Fronek Jiri , Liu Chao , Wahba Roger , Bruns Christiane , Brunner Stefan M. , Schlitt Hans J. , Heumann Asmus , Stüben Björn-Ole , Izbicki Jakob R. , Bednarsch Jan , Gringeri Enrico , Fasolo Elisa , Rolinger Jens , Kristek Jakub , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Nuessler Natascha , Schön Michael R. , Voskanyan Sergey , Petrou Athanasios S. , Hahn Oszkar , Soejima Yuji , Vicente Emilio , Castro-Benitez Carlos , Adam René , Tomassini Federico , Troisi Roberto Ivan , Kantas Alexandros , Oldhafer Karl Juergen , Ardiles Victoria , de Santibanes Eduardo , Malago Massimo , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Vivarelli Marco , Settmacher Utz , Aldrighetti Luca , Neumann Ulf , Petrowsky Henrik , Cillo Umberto , Lang Hauke , Nadalin Silvio
Published: January 2020

Background

ALPPS is found to increase the resectability of primary and secondary liver malignancy at the advanced stage. The aim of the study was to verify the surgical and oncological outcome of ALPPS for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods

The study cohort was based on the ALPPS registry with patients from 31 international centers between August 2009 and January 2018. Propensity score matched patients receiving chemotherapy only were selected from the SEER database as controls for the survival analysis.

Results

One hundred and two patients undergoing ALPPS were recruited, 99 completed the second stage with median inter-stage duration of 11 days. The median kinetic growth rate was 23 ml/day. R0 resection was achieved in 87 (85%). Initially high rates of morbidity and mortality decreased steadily to a 29% severe complication rate and 7% 90-day morbidity in the last 2 years. Post-hepatectomy liver failure remained the main cause of 90-day mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed insufficient future liver remnant at the stage-2 operation (FLR2) to be the only risk factor for severe complications (OR 2.91, p = 0.02). The propensity score matching analysis showed a superior overall survival in the ALPPS group compared to palliative chemotherapy (median overall survival: 26.4 months vs 14 months; 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates: 82.4%, 70.5% and 39.6% vs 51.2%, 21.4% and 11.3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The survival benefit, however, was not confirmed in the subgroup analysis for patients with insufficient FLR2 or multifocal ICC.

Conclusion

ALPPS showed high efficacy in achieving R0 resections in locally advanced ICC. To get the most oncological benefit from this aggressive surgery, ALPPS would be restricted to patients with single lesions and sufficient FLR2.
Ten Important Facts About Core Training
Authors: La Scala Teixeira Cauê V. , Evangelista Alexandre L. , Silva Marta Santos , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo E. , Behm David G.
Published: January 2020

Apply It!
Coronary artery calcium scoring in individuals at risk for coronary artery disease: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Vonder Marleen , van der Aalst Carlijn M , de Koning Harry J
Published: January 2020

The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of the role of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring across the spectrum ranging from asymptomatic individuals to chronic chest pain patients. We will briefly introduce the technical background of CAC scoring, summarize the major guidelines per type of patient at risk and discuss latest research with respect to CAC. Finally, the reader should be able to determine when CAC scoring is indicated or may be of added value.
Aggressive vertebral hemangioma: a post-bioptic finding, the gas web sign—report of two cases
Authors: Kim Young-wouk , Taihi Lokmane , Viry Flore , Bossard Philippe , Polivka Marc , Bousson Valérie
Published: January 2020

Vertebral hemangiomas are relatively frequent among tumors of the spine. Most of them are asymptomatic and the diagnosis is usually made based solely on imaging. However, although rare, some hemangiomas with atypical imaging features (aggressive hemangiomas) can pose a diagnostic challenge. Clinically, these patients present with neurological symptoms. In imaging, aggressive hemangiomas appear as lesions with significant osseous expansion or extraosseous extension, mimicking the appearance of other tumors, such as metastasis or plasmacytoma. In such cases, a biopsy is often required to obtain a histopathological diagnosis in order to rule out the differential diagnoses mentioned above. We report on two cases of aggressive hemangiomas whose diagnosis remained uncertain until the pathology analysis. On CT-scan control immediately after biopsy, we have been surprised to observe the formation of gas bubbles inside the biopsied lesion, spreading over almost the whole vertebra. This gas web sign may support its liquid-filled spaces composition and its benign nature. Our goal was to highlight this finding and its usefulness.
High-resolution sweep metagenomics using fast probabilistic inference
Authors: Mäklin Tommi , Kallonen Teemu , David Sophia , Boinett Christine J. , Pascoe Ben , Méric Guillaume , Aanensen David M. , Feil Edward J. , Baker Stephen , Parkhill Julian , Sheppard Samuel K. , Corander Jukka , Honkela Antti
Published: January 2020

Determining the composition of bacterial communities beyond the level of a genus or species is challenging because of the considerable overlap between genomes representing close relatives. Here, we present the mSWEEP pipeline for identifying and estimating the relative sequence abundances of bacterial lineages from plate sweeps of enrichment cultures. mSWEEP leverages biologically grouped sequence assembly databases, applying probabilistic modelling, and provides controls for false positive results. Using sequencing data from major pathogens, we demonstrate significant improvements in lineage quantification and detection accuracy. Our pipeline facilitates investigating cultures comprising mixtures of bacteria, and opens up a new field of plate sweep metagenomics.
Administrative-tort law
Authors: Anikeenko Yuliya , Novoselova Natal'ya
Published: January 2020

In the manual in accordance with the curriculum of the discipline "Administrative responsibility" analyzes the major provisions of the legislation on administrative offences; the concept of administrative law enforcement and administrative-tort law; analyzes the characteristics and types of administrative-legal coercion; the characteristic of administrative and tort law; and considers the system of stages and production stages on Affairs about administrative offences.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education and higher education of the last generation.
For students of law faculties of educational institutions of higher education, for graduate students, professors of law faculties, judges and employees of law-enforcement and regulatory bodies.
Technology of catering products
Authors: Ratushnyy Aleksandr , Baranov Boris , Shlenskaya Tat'yana , Zhubreva Tat'yana , Troickaya Elena , Sokolov Aleksandr , Lipatova Lyudmila , Aminov Saidzhon
Published: January 2020

The book describes the processes occurring in food under the influence of different ways processing. Given data on changes of nutrients and their impact on the quality of the finished product.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for students of higher educational institutions enrolled in the areas of training and 19.03.04 19.04.04 "production Technology and organization of public catering".
Russian journalism today: social mission and professional skills
Authors: Fotieva Irina , Semilet Tamara , Lukashevich Elena , Vitvinchuk Vladimir
Published: January 2020

This monograph is the search for answers to the questions that confront contemporary Russian journalism social and cultural situation of modernity. The authors analyze the correlation of proper and existing in the implementation of the social mission of journalism, the journalism education system, the use of media technologies, the field of journalistic ethics, language and communicative practices of the public sphere, the social effects produced by the media.
As the main characteristics of the modern state of Russian journalism finds confrontation and the confrontation of philosophical positions and methodological studies; in the field of journalism education — the confrontation of the instrumental-pragmatic and humanitarian paradigms; in the creation of modern media — focus on creativity or technology; tolerance or ethics in media communication; definition of leadership in the formation of public opinion and the ignition of problem areas.
Attempts a comprehensive comprehension of the actual problems of modern Russian media: axiological foundations and the social role of journalism; the criteria of journalistic skills and professional ethics; perspectives of media education, language problems of modern communication and success factors of verbal interaction in the media.
Designed for teachers of University departments and faculties of journalism and other Humanities, students in related disciplines and all interested in data range of issues.
The Halal market in Russia: theory, practice and prospects of development
Authors: Shovhalov Shamil'
Published: January 2020

The study is based on the important idea that in the modern world increases the influence of the religious factor and, as a consequence, the population returned to traditional values, despite the globalization processes in all spheres of life. Long-term study of the Halal market in Russia, whose capacity is increasing every year, confirms the above. Alternately analyzes the infrastructure features of the Halal market, its current status and prospects of development in the future.
Addressed to scientists of all fields, and practitioners of the market Halal.
Environmental monitoring
Authors: Lysova Ekaterina , Paramonova Oksana , Samarskaya Natal'ya , Yudina Natal'ya
Published: January 2020

Outlines General environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to the monitoring of atmospheric air, water objects, soil-ecological monitoring and biodiversity monitoring.
Can be useful for students studying in areas of training 20.03.01 "Technospheric security", specialization "environmental Protection and resource saving", "Engineering protection of environment", as well as for professionals in the field of environmental protection.
AS POSSIBILIDADES DE AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO REGULAMENTADAS PELA LEI Nº 13.140/2015 EM CONFLITOS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA FEDERAL
Authors: Wrasse Helena Pacheco , Spengler Fabiana Marion
Published: January 2020

O sistema jurídico é aberto, no sentido de incompleto, pois ele se modifica e pode ser aprimorado. O direito é um produto da história e da cultura e se encontra em constante evolução. Isso quer dizer que se deve perceber o direito como um sistema, interpretando as leis, normas e princípios de maneira conjunta, considerando-o sistematicamente. Nesse sentido foi publicada a Lei nº 13.140/2015, também conhecida como o marco legal da mediação, através da qual se objetiva um tratamento diferenciado ao conflito envolvendo entes públicos e particulares. Assim, pretende-se investigar qual o tratamento conferido pela legislação (Lei nº 13.140/2015) aos conflitos envolvendo a administração pública federal, a partir dos princípios jurídicos que fundamentam o sistema brasileiro. Questiona-se acerca dos limites de utilização da autocomposição em conflitos envolvendo a administração pública. Para tanto, a estrutura do artigo se apresenta em três seções: inicialmente, abordar-se-ão alguns princípios constitucionais que permeiam o sistema administrativo e tributário nacional para, em seguida, comentar os dispositivos legais específicos que abordam a temática proposta e, por fim, analisar os dados relativos a acordos na Justiça Federal e como o perfil dessa demanda interfere nas possibilidades do seu tratamento. Com a finalidade de cumprir o objetivo proposto, utilizar-se-á o método dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa da documentação indireta.
Highlighting the latest research: January 2020
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: January 2020

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail.
Condition-specific growth in occupied beds in England following a sudden and unexpected increase in deaths
Authors: Jones Rodney P
Published: January 2020

Since 2011, there has been a rise in deaths in all countries of the UK. Less well known is that this has been accompanied by an increase in occupied beds for certain conditions, and a mysterious reduction for other conditions. Scepticism should be raised when explanations based on austerity are concerned as they do not align with the available evidence discussed in this article. Conditions showing the highest growth per annum over the study period (2012/13 to 2017/18) include: other infections and parasitic diseases; bacterial diseases including sepsis; risk because of communicable diseases; lung diseases; hypertensive diseases; other viral diseases; influenza and pneumonia; and upper respiratory infections. Several types of cancer show elevated per annum growth as well, including skin, lymphoid and haematopoietic, thyroid and endocrine and bone and cartilage. This article shows the absolute necessity to include deaths as a key variable in capacity planning and establishes that rising deaths over the next 35 years will significantly change the case-mix of hospital bed occupancy.
Born into a digital world
Authors: Davis Emma
Published: January 2020

With some children accessing technology for disproportionate amounts of time at home, how important is it for settings to try to combat the negative effects of screen-time?
‘Together we make a difference’
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: January 2020

At the age of 69, Pastor Henry Mensah-Brown (bottom right) is determined to help children reach their full potential. He tells Karen Hart how the key to success is collaborative working at the outstanding, Cedar Park Day Nursery in Twyford.
‘Robbing Peter to pay Paul’?
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: January 2020

Investigations by the NDNA have revealed that some local authorities have significantly underspent on their early years funding budgets and are channelling the money elsewhere. This must stop, says Purnima Tanuku.
Beautiful butterflies
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: January 2020

Butterflies will enjoy a national day of celebration on March 14. Make it a date for children to explore their characteristics and habitats with the help of resources available from the Wildlife Trusts. It's a great excuse to get outdoors and study nature.
Reducing single-use plastics
Authors: Restorick Trewin
Published: January 2020

We throw away more than 34kg of plastic packaging per person every year. Schools must do more to encourage initiatives to reduce the consumption of single-use plastic. Trewin Restorick offers some simple ideas
Planning for school security
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: January 2020

Headteachers are very much aware of the need to protect pupils and staff. However, navigating the guidance and legal obligations can be difficult. Suzanne O'Connell looks at new online advice to help those responsible for policy and practice
Differentiation: Time to rethink our approach?
Authors: Sobel Daniel , Alston Sara
Published: January 2020

Differentiation for pupils, including those with SEN, is important – but it does not have to be all-consuming for the teacher. Daniel Sobel and Sara Alston discuss some simple adjustments to our thinking and teaching
Reflections on year 6 reading attainment
Authors: Gibb Sarah
Published: January 2020

The key stage 2 national curriculum tests can give us far greater insights than just a scaled score. Sarah Gibb explores what individual question data can tell us about which skills pupils successfully demonstrate in year 6 and which areas prove more challenging
RSE, health education and parental consultation
Authors: Jewett Leah
Published: January 2020

Parental engagement with statutory relationships, sex and health education is a vital component of a successful curriculum. Leah Jewett offers her advice to primary schools ahead of September 2020
Physicochemical study of Rubus fruticosus of the Mediterranean region of Morocco
Authors: EL Cadi Hafssa , El Cadi Asmae , Ramdan Btissam , Brigui Jamal
Published: January 2020

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is very rich in essential and beneficial elements. In Morocco, despite its nutritional quality, this fruit remains among the forest species that are ignored. The present study has been focused on the physicochemical characterization of this species. The fruits have been harvested from the Mediterranean region of Morocco (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima). The analysis was made directly after the harvest for the determination of pH value, acidity, Total soluble solid, refraction index, total and reducer sugar levels. Results showed that the fruit is acidic (pH 4.65±0.32), rich in water (70%) and total sugars (27.43±2.67 mg/l).  The variation of different physicochemical parameters in all fruit samples collected from different sites may be due to geographical distribution, climatic and edaphic parameters.
Experimental and theoretical study on corrosion inhibition of new synthesized menthone derivatives (Menthopyrazole compounds) for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution
Authors: Abdeslam Ansari , Mounir Manssouri , Mohamed Znini , Zouhair Lakbaibi , Mohamed Azrour
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the protective ability of newly menthone derivatives 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole (HMP) and 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole (PMP) as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 1M HCl, which may get applications as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors in acidizing processes in the industry. The corrosion attitude of mild steel at various concentrations of the inhibitors was examined in the range from 298 to 328 K. An increase in the inhibitory effectiveness in acidic solution at higher concentration and temperature follow the existence of inhibitors. The aspect of adsorption mixed type of inhibitors was highlighted by the Polarization curves. The adsorption of HMP and PMP is in line with the Langmuir isotherm model. Theoretical indices study of both inhibitors (HMP and PMP) via CDFT (the conceptual density functional theory) has been studied. To search for the best spatial configuration of steel/inhibitor a Monte Carlo simulation studies were applied.
Beyond the ‘stop gap’: young (adult) women’s experiences of living with parents in the aftermath of the Greek austerity crisis
Authors: Kazana-McCarthy Julia
Published: January 2020

In the context of greater strains imposed by the post-2008 global financial crisis, it has become more commonplace for young people to live with their parents for extended periods. Beyond a domination of Anglophone research, far less is known about whether these experiences of living with parents vary in countries with different economic and cultural contexts. This article focuses on young women in contemporary Greece – a society undergoing radical social restructuring in the wake of the post-2008 economic crisis. Drawing on qualitative interviews with young university-educated women in urban Greece (n=36), the article argues that the current fiscal crisis alongside long-standing patriarchal norms place a significant burden on the lives of these young women. It concludes that evaluation of the impact of financial crisis on the living arrangements of young people should carefully assess the interaction of the gender and cultural aspects of family lives.
The costs of unpaid care: is there an education gradient in women’s time transfers to their parents?
Authors: Waring Melody K.
Published: January 2020

Existing research conflicts on whether women with low socio-economic status transfer more or less resources to aging parents. This article uses a US sample of adult women (n = 5,238) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative survey that over-samples families of colour. Findings suggest that all education levels are equally likely to transfer any time to parents. However, women with low education are more likely to provide 100 or more hours per year and less likely to receive any time or money from parents. Taken together, women with low education are more likely to have unreciprocated transfers and fewer hours available for non-care work activities.
Why feelings trump facts: anti-politics, citizenship and emotion
Authors: Flinders Matthew
Published: January 2020

This article seeks to explore and emphasise the role of emotions as a key variable in terms of understanding both the rise of anti-political sentiment and its manifestation in forms of ethno-populism. It argues that the changing emotional landscape has generally been overlooked in analyses that seek to comprehend contemporary social and political change. This argument matters, not only due to the manner in which it challenges dominant interpretations of the populist signal but also because it poses more basic questions about the limits of knowledge and evidential claims in an increasingly polarised, fractious and emotive contemporary context. The core argument concerning the existence of an emotional disconnection and why ‘feelings trump facts’ is therefore as significant for social and political scientists as it is for politicians and policy makers.
Designing an electro-optical encoder based on photonic crystals using the graphene–Al2O3 stacks
Authors: Haddadan Fatemeh , Soroosh Mohammad , Alaei-Sheini Navid
Published: January 2020

In this paper, an electro-optical 4-to-2 encoder based on a photonic crystal is presented. The structure is composed of four silicon waveguides, four photonic crystal structures including the graphene–

A
l

2

O

3

stacks, and two optical combiners. Two one-dimensional arrays of air holes in the silicon background are designed parallel to the waveguides. Also, a graphene–

A
l

2

O

3

stack is placed at the center of each array, which provides the desired interferences. This feature is used for controlling the optical wave transmission through the waveguides. Using two optical combiners at the end of two waveguides, the received signals from the waveguides will be guided toward the output ports. The amount of the transmitted signal from input ports to the output of the encoder can be controlled by applying the proper chemical potential to the graphene-based stacks. The simulation results show that the encoding operation can be achieved by using 0.2 eV and 0.8 eV for chemical potentials. In addition, the normalized output power margins for logic 0 and 1 are calculated to be 8.2% and 46.7%, respectively. The footprint for the proposed structure is approximately equal to

127

µ

m

2

. Also, the required optical power intensity at input ports is

100

m
W

/

µ

m

2

.
Super-resolution near-field ptychography
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Lin Huixiang , Wang Hangyu , Zhang Fucai
Published: January 2020

Compared to far-field ptychography, near-field ptychography can reduce the requirement on the detector dynamic range, while it is able to cover a larger field of view with a fewer number of sample scans. However, its spatial resolution is limited by the detector pixel size. Here, we utilize a pixel-super-resolved approach to overcome this limitation. The method has been applied to four types of experiment configurations using planar and divergent illuminations together with two different cameras with highly contrast specifications. The proposed method works effectively for up-sampling up to 6 times. Meanwhile, it can achieve ∼5.9-fold and ∼3.1-fold resolution improvement over the 6.5-μm and 2.4-μm detector pixel size. We also demonstrate the precisely quantitative phase imaging capability of the method by using a phase resolution target. The presented method is believed to have great potential in X-ray tomography and on-chip flow cytometry.
Balancing on shifting ground: Migratory aesthetics and recuperation of presence in Ori Gersht’s video installation On Reflection
Authors: Aldouby Hava
Published: January 2020

This article looks at On Reflection, a video installation by the London-based artist Ori Gersht, in light of the artist’s transcultural or ‘travelling’ position between the United Kingdom, where Gersht has been residing and practising art since 1989, and his native country of Israel. Through close analysis of a single video installation by a British/Israeli ‘radicant’, to adopt Nicolas Bourriaud’s suggestive nomenclature, the article asks how the global migratory condition is affecting contemporary art and aesthetic experience. Focusing on sensory and motor aspects of viewers’ engagement with the installation, the article proposes an approach to the political through the prism of aisthêsis, or sensory engagement. It further suggests that On Reflection evinces a cautious effort to augment observers’ sense of bodily presence, which, however, does not outlast the brief duration of the gallery visit. The multidisciplinary approach offered here combines close attention to aesthetics, in Jill Bennett’s sense of ‘what art does’, with insights from phenomenological film theory and from cognitive neuroscience. It is argued that this is a productive critical gateway through which to investigate the migratory turn in global art.
Representations of exile in Afghan oral poetry and songs
Authors: Jafari Belgheis Alavi , Schuster Liza
Published: January 2020

In our examination of the representations of exile in Afghan popular culture, we focus in particular on popular poetry and song lyrics in Farsi, one of the national languages of Afghanistan. This article concentrates on the voices of exiles, their self-representation and their descriptions of life far from their homeland. We argue that, in addition to offering catharsis and expressing collective suffering, the verses are also used to urge return and, more recently, to voice complaints to and about host societies, as well as to critique the Afghan government for its failures.