bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF MAIN THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF THERMOBARIC AMMUNITION EXPLOSION
Authors: Kapliuk O. , Nikitchenko V. , Kirdeі L. , Ternovskoy A. , Brajko V.
Published: May 2022

A large number of weapon systems have been emerged over the last few decades. Most of these parts create an explosive for poles using fragmentation or cumulative jet. Until recently, some combat units identified the explosion as a major factor. But new technologies have made it possible to develop warheads that improve the characteristics of the explosion and use it as one of the main methods of impacting the target, i.e thermobaric warheads.

Ammunition equipped with mixed (multicomponent) thermobaric explosives has many advantages over ammunition equipped with conventional explosives. They are more economical (cheaper to manufacture), safer to use and have adjustable thermodynamic characteristics, as well as the composition of products, which allows you to choose the optimal filling of thermobaric ammunition to perform specific tasks.

The article proposes calculations and methods for determining the main thermodynamic parameters of thermobaric ammunition explosion, namely: heat of explosion, volume of gaseous products, temperature and radius of high temperature area, excess pressure in front of the shock wave and its speed taking into account the physical characteristics of thermobaric explosive.

The peculiarity of the above calculations and methods is to take into account the physical characteristics of the explosion of the explosive mixture.
Exploring Pathways for Promoting and Scaling Up Climate-Smart Agriculture in Myanmar
Authors:   International Institute of Rural Reconstruction - Regional Center for Asia, Philippines, Gonsalves Julian , Khaing Ohnmar ,   Food Security Working Group-Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar, Barbon Wilson John D. ,   International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) - Myanmar, Thant Phyu Sin ,   International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) - Myanmar
Published: May 2022

This paper explores potential pathways for promoting and scaling up the uptake of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Myanmar, using qualitative methods. Key informant interviews with stakeholders from government, research institutes, international and local development agencies, and the private sector identified technology development as an important investment and action area. A desk review of policy documents revealed that considerations on climate change adaptation in agriculture are embedded in Myanmar’s international commitments and national plans, including policies on making the agriculture sector resilient. Moreover, climate change resilience has been framed as a key component of the country’s sustainable development plans. This means the basic framework for advocating and promoting CSA is already in place. However, policies on land, water, environment, seed, and fertilizer and pesticide management are poorly enforced. In addition, the extension system has an inadequate coverage and reach of the remote communities. In the current political context of Myanmar, the process of policymaking has changed. Thus, the impetus for shaping an enabling environment for scaling up CSA will likely shift toward more active citizen engagement via local nongovernment organizations (NGOs), the private sector, and independent academic institutions. There are opportunities for policy integration to effectively scale up CSA, but much remains to be done. Donors of Myanmar have a special opportunity to support the integration of CSA into their respective country program strategies. Likewise, local and international NGOs may take this opportunity to mainstream CSA into various conventional development programs, such as livelihood development, women’s empowerment, and food security and nutrition. On the other hand, academic institutions can pursue research opportunities to support the development of CSA technologies and approaches and to generate evidence for input to capacity development, advocacy, and policymaking.
Humas Dalam Membangun Citra Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Tondano
Authors: Sumendap Refly
Published: May 2022

Pelaksanaan peran humas dan media apa saja yang digunakan dalam membangun citra sekolah di SMK N 2 Tondano. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 3 informan yaitu Kepala Sekolah, Wakasek Kehumasan, dan salah satu guru. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Untuk menjamin keabsahan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan pengaruh humas dalam membangun citra SMK N 2 Tondano meliputi peran humas sebagai komunikator (communicator), peran humas sebagai pembina hubungan (Relationship), peran humas sebagai back up management dan peran humas sebagai pembentuk citra (corporate image). Wujud kegiatan peran humas sebagai komunikator meliputi rapat formal, upacara bendera, masa orientasi siswa, presentasi profil sekolah, try out, rapat wali murid, kerjasama dengan Dunia Usaha/Dunia Industri DU/DI, penyampaian informasi pada alumni, penyampaian informasi masyarakat dan pemerintah. Wujud kegiatan peran sebagai pembina hubungan (Relationship) meliputi: membentuk ikatan keluarga SMK N 2 Tondano, perayaan hari raya paskah dan perayaan HUT sekolah, pertandingan olahraga, turnamen, bazar murah dan menjalin kerjasama dengan Dunia Usaha/Dunia Industri (DU/DI).
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Berobat Penderita Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur
Authors: Sibua Siska , Watung Grace Irene Viodyta
Published: May 2022

Indonesia still has a big problem in dealing with TB disease. The purpose of this study is to find out the Relationship between Family Support with Tuberculosis Treatment Compliance in east Bolaang Mongodow Regency. This research method uses this type of quantitative research. This study is an analytical observational study with the design used, it is called cross sectional study. Research has been conducted in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency from April 2021 to June 2021. The population in this study was 130 respondents. Based on the results of cross-tabulation between free variables (Family support) and bound variables (Adherence to tuberculosis patients) using chi square statistical tests obtained a value of p value = 0,000 so that it can be concluded there is a Family Support Relationship with tuberculosis treatment compliance in East Bolaang Mongodow Regency. It is expected to the East Mongodow District Health Office to be able to cooperate with the family in maximizing the role of the family in the treatment process of family members.
Penerapan HOTS pada Soal-soal Buku Teks Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Tingkat SMA
Authors: Rosdiana Rina , Budiana Sandi , Mahajani Tri , Talitha Stella
Published: May 2022

Peran guru bukan hanya melakukan penilaian, melainkan juga harus mampu melaksanakan pembelajaran yang dapat melatih peserta didik memiliki keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Tugas guru tersebut dibantu dengan perangkat pembelajaran berupa buku teks pelajaran. Muatan instrumen penilaian merupakan suatu keharusan pada setiap babnya. Dalam banyak referensi dimensi proses berpikir dalam Taksonomi Bloom-Anderson terdiri atas kemampuan: mengingat (remembering-C1), memahami (understanding-C2), menerapkan (applying-C3), menganalisis (analyzing-C4), mengevaluasi (evaluating-C5), dan mencipta (creating-C6). Soal-soal HOTS pada umumnya mengukur kemampuan pada ranah menganalisis (analyzing-C4), mengevaluasi (evaluating-C5), dan mencipta (creating-C6). Tujuan penelitian ini memaparkan kesesuaian penulisan soal sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar, sebaran ranah kognitif. Data diperoleh dari rumusan soal pada setiap bab pada buku teks Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X terbitan Yudhistira. Jumlah soal pilihan ganda 115, dan jumlah soal uraian/esai 45 soal. Metode yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkap hal berikut: 1) terdapat kesesuaian pengembangan soal dengan kompetensi dasar, 2) distribusi atau sebaran penulisan soal pilihan ganda pada ranah kognitif hanya sampai ranah analisis dan pada soal uraian sudah memenuhi keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, 3) penyusunan soal secara umum sudah sesuai dengan kriteria penulisan soal.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Pada Satuan Pendidikan Nonformal
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad , Madani Faisal , Ishaq M. , Purwito Lasi , Permata Sari Ratih
Published: May 2022

Pendidikan nonformal merupakan jalur pendidikan yang terencana dan sistematis dilakukan oleh pemerintah maupun masyarakat secara mandiri untuk mencapai tujuan belajar. Penelitian evaluatif ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi terkait kebijakan merdeka belajar di satuan pendidikan nonformal, dengan mengoptimalkan data sekunder yang berasal dari dokumen Norma, Standar, Prosedur dan Kegiatan serta berbagai referensi yang relevan dikumpulkan dengan pengembangan matriks dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Untuk menghadirkan merdeka belajar dalam proses belajar yang berkualitas di satuan Pendidikan nonformal, memerlukan sumber daya tutor yang berkualitas agar proses belajar juga berkualitas. Disinilah pentingnya perhatian pemerintah pada pendidikan tinggi yang menyiapkan tutor. Untuk itu Alternatif rekomendasi yang patut dipertimbangkan oleh pemerintah antara lain: (1) kebijakan proses belajar merdeka, (2) kebijakan tutor berkualitas merdeka, (3) kebijakan peningkatan pembiayaan program pendidikan tutor berasrama dan (4) kebijakan kurikulum merdeka belajar. Penelitian ini masih banyak kekurangan, untuk itu saran dan kritik sangat dibutuhkan dalam penyempurnaan karya selanjutnya.
Pengaruh Kreativitas Guru Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Mahmud Haris , Isnanto Isnanto , Sugeha Jumriati
Published: May 2022

Kreativitas guru yang baik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tujuanya yaitu untuk mengukur pengaruh kreativitas guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa di kelas V SDN No.41 Hulonthalangi Kota Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang di gunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu angket, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan korelasi Person Product Moment tentang kreativitas guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dimana korelasi diperoleh nilai rxy 0.363 lebih besar dari rtab 0,306 yakni 0,363 > 0,306. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara Kreativitas Guru Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas V SDN No.41 Hulonthalangi Kota Gorontalo
Menulis Kalimat Sederhana Melalui Impelemntasi Model Snowball Throwing Pada Siswa Kelas II SDN 11 Limboto Barat Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Hasim Evi , Saleh Meylan
Published: May 2022

Penanaman bahasa Indonesia sejak dini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan pendidikan tentang bahasa Indonesia sejak anak masih kecil. Pelaksanaan pendidikan bahasa Indonesia pada anak dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan informal, pendidikan formal, maupun pendidikan nonformal. Salah satu pengetahuan Bahasa Indonesia yang perlu dipelajari oleh siswa sekolah dasar adalah pengetahuan kemampuan awal siswa dalam menulis kalimat sederhana, terutama bagi siswa kelas II. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan guru yang sangat professional dalam mengenalkan bagaimana menulis kalimat sederhana terutama bagi siswa kelas II sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan berbagai model Pembelajaran inovatif yang ada. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis sederhana siswa kelas II melalui implementasi model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing di sekolah dasar. Penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah jenis penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian Kurt Lewin. Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) diawali dengan observasi awal sebagai landasan untuk melakukan observasi awal dalam melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas pada siklus I dan siklus II. Pada setiap tindakan yang dilakukan selalu terjadi peningkatan kemampuan siswa menulis kalimat sederhana melalui model snowball throwing. Dalam pelaksanaan tindakan yang diperoleh dari siklus I dan siklus II, maka jelas terlihat bahwa adanya peningkatan kemampuan pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menulis kalimat sederhana melalui model snowball throwing di kelas II SDN 11 Limboto Barat Kabupaten Gorontalo.
The Role of BAN PAUD AND PNF in Improving Academic Quality
Authors: Surahman Susilo
Published: May 2022

Accreditation is a series of activities in meeting and or maintaining the quality of education in line with the government's regulations. This research aims to explain the role of BAN PAUD and PNF in improving academic quality, especially in PAUD units. This research is a type of normative or literature research. The results showed an Accreditation Prerequisite Assessment (PPA) of PAUD Unit as one of the new regulations intended to facilitate educational institutions in the assessment process, especially accreditation. As part of the accreditation process, the Paud Unit's Visitation Assessment Instrument (IPV), as part of the accreditation processis based on performance-based assessment in measuring the level of unit achievement in knowledge, attitudes, and interests, which are tailored to theneeds of learners the community. Government regulations issued in line with the PAUD accreditation process are currently intended to make it easier for educational institutions to conduct assessments, both internally and externally.

Akreditasi merupakan rangkaian kegiatan dalam memenuhi dan atau mempertahankan kualitas mutu pendidikan, sejalan dengan regulasi yang telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran BAN PAUD dan PNF dalam peningkatan kualitas akademik, khususnya pada satuan PAUD. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian normatif atau kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat Penilaian Prasyarat Akreditasi (PPA) Satuan PAUD sebagai salah satu regulasi baru yang dimaksudkan sebagai upaya mempermudah lembaga pendidikan dalam proses penilaian, khususnya akreditasi. Instrumen Penilaian Visitasi (IPV) Satuan PAUD sebagai bagian dari proses akreditasi didasarkan pada penilaian berbasis performance dalam mengukur tingkat pencapaian satuan dalam pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan, yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik dan masyarakat. Regulasi pemerintah yang dikeluarkan sejalan dengan proses akreditasi PAUD saat ini dimaksudkan sebagai upaya mempermudah lembaga pendidikan melakukan penilaian, baik secara internal maupun eksternal.
Implementasi Siaran TV Sekolah Sebagai Media Informasi Efektif di LKP Fitri Pandeglang
Authors: Suwardi Fitri Laila , Watini Sri
Published: May 2022

Studi ini membahas implementasi siaran tv sekolah yang digunakan sebagai media informasi di LKP Fitri Pandeglang yang merupakan Lembaga keterampilan dan pelatihan non formal yang memiliki tujuan untuk membantu masyarakat luas dalam mengembangkan berbagai keterampilan life skill. Selama ini berbagai informasi disampaikan melalui media komunikasi seluler, brosur, pamplet maupun bahan ajar dengan segala keterbatasannya. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman dimana semua telah berubah berbasis digital, maka di perlukan sarana media informasi yang mampu menjawab semua tantangan era digital. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada pentingnya media informasi berbasis Audio-Visual yang mampu menyampaikan
informasi dalam kemasan yang jauh lebih menarik, fleksibel, efektif serta luas jangkauannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode konseptual yang merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yakni observasi, tanya jawab, dan dokumentasi tanpa disiapkan instrumen sebagaimana layaknya penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. TV sekolah ini dikembangkan oleh ibu Sri Watini, dkk yang merupakan layanan TV streaming hasil revolusi industry 4.0 yang merupakan solusi terbaik bagi Lembaga dalam menyampaikan ragam kegiatan, Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu LKP Fitri Pandeglang telah mengimplementasikan siaran TV sekolah sebagai media informasi yang efektif seperti informasi keilmuan pembelajaran serta sebagai hiburan yang mendidik
Relationship between nonformal education and Islamic Education in the Context of 2045 Agenda towards Education 4.0 and Society 5.0: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Elihami Elihami
Published: May 2022

This study discusses relationship between nonformal education and Islamic education  in the context of 2045 agenda towards education 4.0 and society 5.0. The research aimed to relate nonformal education (95 papers) and Islamic Education (990 papers) through the period of 1958- 2022. The VOSviewer application is used to analyse the retrieved bibliographic citation data. The performance of the most productive authors, journals, keywords, and citation references is examined. The rate of relative growth and the time required to double have been calculated. In the years 1958- 2022. The results of the study found how to act so that nonformal education and Islamic Education learning can acclimatize education 4.0 with compacted steps to reach society 5.0. The research novelty showed that there was the addition of new literature about nonformal education and Islamic Education through bibliometric analysis and there was variation
On the Diversity of Mixing and Helium Core Masses of B-type Dwarfs from Gravity-mode Asteroseismology
Authors: Pedersen May G.
Published: May 2022

The chemical evolution of the galaxy is largely guided by the yields from massive stars. Their evolution is heavily influenced by their internal mixing, allowing the stars to live longer and yield a more massive helium core at the end of their main-sequence evolution. Asteroseismology is a powerful tool for studying stellar interiors by providing direct probes of the interior physics of the oscillating stars. This work revisits the recently derived internal mixing profiles of 26 slowly pulsating B stars observed by the Kepler space telescope, in order to investigate how well the mixing profiles can in fact be distinguished from one another as well as provide predictions for the expected helium core masses obtained at the end of the main-sequence evolution. We find that for five of these stars the mixing profile is derived unambiguously, while the remaining stars have at least one other mixing profile which explains the oscillations equally well. Convective penetration is preferred over exponential diffusive overshoot for ≈55% of the stars, while stratified mixing is preferred in the envelope (≈39%). We estimate the expected helium core masses obtained at the end of the main-sequence evolution and find them to be highly influenced by the estimated amount of mixing occurring in the envelopes of the stars.
A Welcoming Space to Manage Crisis: The Wellness Respite Program
Authors: Thieling Anne-Margaret Smullen , Swarbrick Margaret , Brice George , Nemec Patricia
Published: May 2022

The need for behavioral health care prevention, treatment, and recovery supports, including crisis alternatives, has grown and is now receiving federal support through enhanced funding. When a person experiences severe emotional distress, crisis alternatives are a viable option instead of inpatient hospitalization to address the distress and restore balance. Peer respite programs are voluntary, short-term, crisis alternatives for people experiencing mental distress. Models have evolved in response to funding and regulatory requirements, yet research is limited. The current article describes a unique peer-led program, Wellness Respite, in operation for 7 years, including data from recent satisfaction surveys and the role of nurses in the program. Implications of a home-like, short-term crisis alternative and the role of the nurse are emphasized. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(11), 26–32.]
Positivity-preserving high-order compact difference method for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis model
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ge Yongbin , Wang Zhi
Published: May 2022

The paper is concerned with development of an accurate and effective positivity-preserving high-order compact difference method for solving the Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, which is a kind of nonlinear parabolic-parabolic system in mathematical biology. Firstly, a stiffly-stable five-step fourth-order fully implicit compact difference scheme is proposed. The new scheme not only has fourth-order accuracy in the spatial direction, but also has fourth-order accuracy in the temporal direction, and the computational strategy for the nonlinear chemotaxis term is provided. Then, a positivity-preserving numerical algorithm is presented, which ensures the non-negativity of cell density at all time without accuracy loss. And a time advancement algorithm is established. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the numerical simulation for chemotaxis phenomena, and the accuracy, stability and positivity-preserving of the new scheme are validated with several numerical examples.
Occurrence of rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae B.Cauch in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Hadiza M.M. , Auyo M.I. , Dangora I.I. , Kutama A.S.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research was to determine the presence of rice blast disease in the three major rice producing Local Government Areas of Jigawa state (Hadejia, Kaugama and Auyo) in 2020 (Rainy and Dry seasons) with the object of determining the incidence; distribution and severity of the disease. The survey was conducted two times; rainy season and dry season during which at least fifty one (51) rice fields (replicated two times) and selected purposively, were surveyed in each season for blast symptoms. Results of the survey have shown that the disease occurred at varying disease incidences (%) and severities. The disease symptoms appeared more on rice cultivated in Kaugama (16.3%) than in both Auyo (12.6%) and Hadejia (12.5%) Local Government Areas and more in the dry season than in the rainy season thus indicating a significant difference (p<0.05) in the study areas and across the seasons. However, careful observation on the agronomic practices in the three study areas have shown that about 50 % of the fields surveyed in Kaugama were weedy, poorly fertilized, waterlogged and with other disease symptoms such as blight and spots. This might have been the reason for the relatively higher incidence and severity of the disease in Kaugama rice fields. Farmers should be informed of the danger of abandoning rice fields to become bushy as this might cause the disease to escalate to an uncontrollable stage.
Proximate and Elemental Analysis of Cowpea, Kidney and Sweet Cowpea Beans Sold in Kawo Market, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Muktar B. , Ibrahim A. , Jibril M.
Published: May 2022

Beans are one of the most popular and essential foods in Africa, especially in Nigeria they are highly recommended for its numerous health benefits and nutritional values. The objective of this paper is to assess the proximate and elemental compositions of three (3) varieties of beans (cowpea, kidney and sweet cowpea beans) marketed in Kawo, Kaduna State, Nigeria using standard procedures and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results from this study indicated that the highest results obtained for proximate and elemental analysis in the four (4) samples with the exception of fibre in sweet cowpea beans (2.082%), were found to be: moisture (13.250%), protein (21.420%), Lipids (1.025%), ash (4.814%) in kidney beans while in the case of elemental analysis, the highest concentrations (88.0mg/kg) of Zn was found in (Cowpea bean), (52.5mg/kg) of Mg in sweet cowpea, (75.0mg/kg) of Cu in cowpea beans while Fe (99.5mg/kg) and Ca (99.5mg/kg) were found in kidney beans. All the beans samples analyzed for proximate and elemental analysis from Kawo market are highly nutritious, hence good for human and livestock consumption.
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and its Biomedical Application
Authors: Usha V. , Amutha E. , Pushpalaksmi E. , Samraj Jenson J. , Rajaduraipandian S. , Gandhimathi S. , Annadurai G.
Published: May 2022

In the present time, Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs) have paid considerable attention due to their exclusive applications in terms of surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism, high surface area, biosensor, bio-separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Our goal was to synthesis iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles by chemical route technique. The preparation method had a very large effect on the size, shape, and surface chemistry of the magnetic nanoparticles including their applications. The iron chloride solution was prepared by mixing deionized water with iron chloride tetrahydrate. The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, FT-IR, DLS, FL, and TGA techniques. Moreover, antibacterial activity was evaluated using the synthesized IOMNPs against Escherichia coli (A), Pseudomonas (B), Enterobacter (C), Staphylococcus aureus (D), and Bacillus subtilis (E) in the concentration of 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis possess a higher antibacterial activity at the concentration of 0.5 mg comparing the other bacterial species. The outcome of this work would contribute to the present understanding of the biomedical application with the obtained size, shape, and synthesized method.
Assessments of Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwater Source from Benin Formation Aquifer in and around Dumpsite Environment, and its Impact on Human Health
Authors: Omorogieva O.M. , Tonjoh J.A. , Brisibe O.
Published: May 2022

The paper examines the level of exposure and the health risk associated with chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) in boreholes in and around dumpsite environment of Asoro, Otofure and Ikhueniro in Benin City, Nigeria. Literature review, structured questionnaire, and ArcGIS were applied to achieve the aim of the study. The results show that the level of exposure of the inhabitants of the study communities to Fe in the three sites investigated was R > 1 for adult, teenagers, and children respectively. ArcGIS geospatial map model revealed that heavy metals assessed in the study dissipated in the direction of groundwater flow. Correlation at P < 0.5 confidence level confirmed the influence of the dumpsites on the quality of groundwater sourced in the area. Based on the result, the groundwater in the study area cannot be consumed unless treated.
Evaluation of Seasonal Water Quality of Drinking Water in Six Residential Estates across Ogun State in Nigeria
Authors: Amujo B.T. , Towolawi A.T. , Adekitan A.A. , Odjegba E.E. , Abolayo T.T. , Ojekunle Z.O.
Published: May 2022

The use of water to satisfy human without any health risk necessitates the need for assessment of  potable water quality for human consumption. Water samples were collected across six selected housing estates for two consecutive dry and wet seasons within Ogun State, and their parameters such as TDS, EC, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were analysed for quality assessment. On spot analysis was carried out for the in-situ parameters using HANNAH water kit. The water samples were digested in triplicates for each estate, and analysed with AAS for the selected heavy metals (HMs). The obtained data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics, and the obtained values were compared with WHO, NIS and NESREA standards to ascertain the water quality and potability. Concentrations (mg/ L) of the analysed parameters ranged as TDS: 56.00 ± 10.44 to 162.07 ± 9.81, Cd: 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.16 ± 0.10, Pb: 0.16 ± 0.02 to 1.69 ± 0.10, Fe: 0.04 ± 0.04 to 4.75 ± 0.21, and Ni: 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.85 ± 0.04. The EC (µS/ cm) ranged from 42.82 ± 10.59 to 499.12 ± 31.20. The water quality showed seasonal variations, more polluted in the wet season than dry season, which can be attributed to storage tanks, piping systems and runoff from drainages, residential wastes, and the neighbouring small scale industrial activities. The research suggests water treatment for the consumers to get safe water of potable quality.
Computational Studies on Syphilis protease inhibitors
Authors: Latona D.F.
Published: May 2022

Syphilis is caused by a bacterium pathogen called Treponema Pollidum. It is the major cause of deaths among pregnant mothers in the third world nations and the incidence of congenital syphilis cannot be over-emphasized. However, antibiotics like Tetracycline have been reported to show tremendous antibacterial activity. Therefore, the anti-syphilis activity of some tetracycline molecules were investigated by molecular docking studies. The protein responsible for the bacterial disease was retrieved from protein data bank and docked against tetracycline compounds. Herein, we calculated several DFT reactivity descriptors for the five Tetracycline molecules at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory in order to analyze its reactivity in vacuum and solvent phases. Theoretical B3LYP/6-31G (d , p) density functional theory has been employed to examine the electronic properties of donor-bridge-acceptor molecular system. Oxytetracycline, metacycline and chlorotetracycline showed high inhibition to the receptor with binding affinity of -9.6 kcal/mol. While tetracycline and anhydrotetracycline showed low inhibition with binding affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol.
Geospatial Evaluation of Open Defecation Indicators from Across the 36 States and Federal Capital Territory in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ajao I.O. , Odeyemi C.A. , Obafemi O.S.
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the geoSpatial serial correlations of open defecation indicators such as water availability, unimproved sanitation, literacy level and Gini coefficient from across the 36 states and FCT Abuja in Nigeria for 2018. It examines the relationship that may exist between open defecation and each of the indicators considered. The various spatial model selection diagnostic tests conducted revealed that the Spatial Lag Model is the most appropriate predicting model having the minimum values from some information criteria, results show that the global Moran’s I values of open defecation is below 0.2, and spatial lag coefficient is -0.0243, this shows that open defecation in Nigeria decreases by 0.0243% for each additional 1% of water availability and other factors in the neighboring states. The results also show that unimproved sanitation is the only significant predictor for open defecation challenge in Nigeria, based on the available data. The states with highest proportion of open defecation are Kogi, Plateau, and Bayelsa, while states with the lowest include Katsina, Abia, and Akwa-Ibom. This paper provides beneficial policy recommendations for reducing open defecation in Nigeria and areas of focus towards achieving the national vision of making Nigeria open defecation Free by 2025.
Pharmaceutical characterization and dissolution behavior of ibuprofen/Soluplus solvent cast films
Authors: Salawi Ahmad , Sonju Jafrin Jobayer , Nazzal Sami , Abu-Fayyad Ahmed , Hagbani Turki Al , Kamal Mohammad M. , Alam Md Sabir
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To characterize the physicochemical and dissolution properties of Soluplus®/ibupofen solid dispersions prepared by solvent casting technique.

Methods: Soluplus® was used as a film-forming agent whereas ibuprofen served as a poorly soluble biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The solution casting of ethanolic Soluplus®/ibuprofen was carried out on a release liner and dried under a vacuum. The crystallinity of crushed films was examined using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), while a USP Type II apparatus was used to determine their dissolution behaviour.

Results: Ibuprofen was uniformly distributed in an amorphous form into the cast films. The PXRD-based confirmation of crystalline peaks' absence revealed a significantly higher dissolution rate in alkaline and acid media when compared to the pure drug.

Conclusion: Soluplus® (polymeric dispersant)-based solvent casting is a simple and efficient technique to prepare highly water-soluble solid dispersions of ibuprofen. This film cast technique may be suitable for various applications where a film or powder form of a drug with enhanced solubility in different aqueous media is desired.
CYP4F3 is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to oxaliplatin based chemotherapy in col orectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Shifen , Fu Yuxiang , Liu Liming , Yang YaJie , Wang Juan
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To screen the expression of different genes related to oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy.

Methods: Limma and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques were used to determine genes with significantly different expression levels in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. A lasso regression model and Venn diagram were used to analyze the intersecting genes. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal (UALCAN) online platform were used to analyze the expression of CYP4F3. The relationship between CYP4F3 expression and survival rate in colorectal cancer was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curve, while the related pathways involving CYP4F3 were determined by Metascape and gene Ontology-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (GO-KEGG) analysis. Furthermore, the correlation between CYP4F3 and TME-related cells was analyzed by Pearson score. In addition, analysis of clinically tested and FDA-approved drugs significantly associated with CYP4F3 was carried out using CellMiner database.

Results: PCA and volcano plot analysis indicated there are four upregulated genes and 11 down-regulated genes in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells. The intersection gene was CYP4F3 in the lasso regression model and differentially expressed genes (DEG). Moreover, CYP4F3 was upregulated and associated with poor survival in CRC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), KEGG enrichment, and PPI analysis showed that CYP4F3 and GNG3 are the most significant genes in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC. Furthermore, CYP4F3 expression negatively correlated with the enrichment of T cells, while the expression of CYP4F3 was not associated with drug sensitivity in CRC cells.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CYP4F3 may be a target for the treatment of oxaliplatin-resistant CRC. However, the underlying mechanism of CYP4F3 in the regulation of sensitivity to oxaliplatin needs further investigation.
Rhynchophylline alleviates endothelial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating PPARγ mediated iron death
Authors: Zhu Zhidong , Shi Haiming
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To determine the effects of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on the progression of cardiovascular diseases in rats.

Methods: Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 7 week old, weighing 180 – 200 g) were used in this study. The rats were divided into WKY, SHR, SHR+ Rhy (30 mg/kg), and SHR+ Rhy (50 mg/kg). WKY rats were used as the normal control group which had free access to distilled water. The rats were then orally administered Rhy (30 and 50 mg/kg daily by gavage). For inhibition of PPARr, T0070907 was given at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 24 h. The blood pressure of control, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and SHR rhynchophylline (Rhy) rats were measured. While PPARr levels in the hypertensive rats were assessed by Western blot. Cell apoptosis in response to SHR and Rhy were evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot assays, whereas oxidative stress and inflammatory response in SHR rats treated with Rhy were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Immunoblot assays, respectively.

Results: Rhy decreased hypertension and up-regulated PPARγ in SHR rats (p < 0.01). In addition, Rhy improved SHR endothelial cell apoptosis by inducing PPARγ, and also produced reduction in proinflammatory factor secretion by inducing PPARγ. Furthermore, Rhy mitigated oxidative stress and iron death by inducing PPARγ (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Rhynchophylline provides a promising method in alleviating endothelial injury in SHR rats by modulating PPARγ-mediated inflammation and oxidative stres. We therefore thought Rhy alleviated endothelial injury and could serve as a promising drug.
Potential indicators for hyperparathyroidism progression: Calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25 hydroxyvitamin D and hemoglobin
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Chen Yong , Ao Yazhou
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To compare the differences in perioperative biochemical indices between patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PH) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH).

Methods: One hundred and ten patients with hyperparathyroidism who were treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, from June 2016 to April 2021, were enrolled and divided into two groups, viz, PH group (50 patients) and SH group (60 patients). Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, while hemoglobin was determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in the perioperative period.

Results: Compared to PH group, SH group had higher levels of indicators (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI), somatic cell index and blood albumin in patients from 18 to 70 years (p < 0.05). BMI and blood albumin increased significantly with age (p < 0.05). The complication rate was higher in SH than PH group (p < 0.05). The scores of pruritus and bone pain of patients after surgery were lower than those before the operation (p < 0.05). Blood calcium levels increased significantly with age, while ALP and iPTH levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). SH group showed lower scores of physiological, emotional, social, and cognitive functions than PH group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with PH and SH have differences in perioperative biochemical indicators. Furthermore, the levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, and hemoglobin may be used as indicators of disease progression, and this may facilitate the development of suitable therapeutic measures.
Identification of the components and molecular targets of Guanxin Danshen Dripping Pills for ps ycho cardiology treatment based on network pharmacology and ultra performance liquid ch r omatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guanying , Hu Yeqing , Huang Yuqing , Liu Wanqing , Qian Zixuan , Lin Shirong , Yang Tao , Huang Jihan
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To explore the molecular targets of Guanxin Danshen Dripping Pills (GXDS) in regulating psycho-cardiology disease through identifying its components by UPLC-MS/MS and network pharmacology approach.

Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was adopted to determine GXDS’ main constituents. SwissTargetPrediction and the similarity ensemble approach were employed to predict possible molecular targets. Targets for psycho-cardiological disease were identified from the GeneCards database. The GXDS components overlapping these targets were identified using Venny web tool (version 2.1.0). Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology knowledgebase, while enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was undertaken. In Cytoscape, target-pathway, pathway-target, and compound-target networks were constructed.

Results: Among the 37 chemical components identified through UPLC-MS/MS, 19 were combined with 63 psycho-cardiological disease targets, which were subjected to gene ontology enrichment analysis to obtain terms corresponding to the sub-ontologies of cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes (30, 84, and 1188, respectively). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed 109 related pathways.

Conclusion: This study identified GXDS components, combined them through network pharmacology analysis, and explored the material basis and targets of the therapeutic effect of GXDS on psycho-cardiological disease. Thus, GXDS is a potential candidate for use in the clinical treatment of psycho-cardiological diseases
Social media use for medicine information seeking behaviour among undergraduate students via the prism of the innovation decision process
Authors: Ola-Olorun Omoniyi J , Oyeniran Olajire J , Jegede Ayodapo O , Ogunlade Bamidele O
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To assess the level of adoption of social media for medical information-seeking behaviour (MISB) among students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria based on the prism of Roger’s innovation-decision process theory.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of 429 students. Primary data were collected with a set of questionnaires comprising two main sections which sought to elicit information, first, on the adoption level of social media for medicine information employing a Likert-type scale with five alternative responses and weighting scores of 1 - 5, and second, on use of social media for MISB on a dichotomous (yes/no) scale. Collected data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 5 % level of significance.

Results: The results show that adoption of social media tools for sourcing medicine information among the students was at a persuasion level (MWA 2.10) and correlates with the finding on the dichotomous scale that they were barely (28.7 %) using the tools.

Conclusion: Social media for medicine information-seeking among students of OAU have not been effectively adopted and their use is infrequent. Furthermore, studies on the use of social media may be better assessed using the innovation-decision theory process model rather than a simple dichotomous scale.
Protective effect of epalrestat on peripheral nerves in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy via NF κB pathway
Authors: Huang Jie , Tan Xinghua
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To study the protective effect of epalrestat on peripheral nerves in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, model, and epalrestat groups, each containing 12 rats. The morphology of the neurons was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were determined via immunohistochemistry. The relative protein expressions of NF-κB and Caspase3 were determined via Western blotting, and apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.

Results: The morphology of the neurons was clear and intact in the normal group, disordered and destroyed in the model group, and was improved in the epalrestat group. The other two groups had a significantly higher positive expression of Bax and a significantly lower positive expression of Bcl-2 than the normal group (p < 0.05), while the epalrestat group had a significantly lower positive expression of Bax, and a significantly higher positive expression of Bcl-2 than the model group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expressions of NF-κB and Caspase3 were increased in other groups compared with normal group (p < 0.05), while they declined in epalrestat group compared with model group (p < 0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly lower in epalrestat group than in model group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Epalrestat inhibits neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect in DPN rats. Further studies would be required to validate the molecular mechanism.
The Neighborhood Polynomial of Chordal Graphs
Authors: Bergold Helena , Hochstättler Winfried , Mayer Uwe
Published: May 2022

We study the neighborhood polynomial and the complexity of its computation
for chordal graphs. The neighborhood polynomial of a graph is the generating
function of subsets of its vertices that have a common neighbor. We introduce a
parameter for chordal graphs called anchor width and an algorithm to compute
the neighborhood polynomial which runs in polynomial time if the anchor width
is polynomially bounded. The anchor width is the maximal number of different
sub-cliques of a clique which appear as a common neighborhood. Furthermore we
study the anchor width for chordal graphs and some subclasses such as chordal
comparability graphs and chordal graphs with bounded leafage. the leafage of a
chordal graphs is the minimum number of leaves in the host tree of a subtree
representation. We show that the anchor width of a chordal graph is at most
$n^{\ell}$ where $\ell$ denotes the leafage. This shows that for some
subclasses computing the neighborhood polynomial is possible in polynomial time
while it is NP-hard for general chordal graphs.
Evaluating the reliability of the exploration and calculating Uranium reserves of the Binh Duong Deposit, Cao Bang province
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Trinh Huan Dinh , Nguyen Giang Truong , Tran Chau Le ,   Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Geological Division for Radioactive and Rare Elements, Vietnam  Council Office of the National Resources and Assessment, Vietnam
Published: May 2022

This paper presents new results about evaluating the exploration's reliability and Uranium reserve calculation of the Binh Duong deposit, Cao Bang province, by using the multiple math statistical and geostatistics methods. The results indicte:
- The Uranium ore bodies in the Binh Duong deposit are lenticular-shaped, complex morphology and structure. They belong to the small-scale type, with complex changes.
- The Uranium contents of industrial ore bodies calculated by the ore thickness’ weighted average method are comparable to those estimated by the adjacent bulk method. However, these values are systematically lower than the mean values.
- The crucial factor in the reliability of the exploration and calculation for reserves in the Binh Duong Uranium deposit are the ore bodies’ thickness and random error in sample analysis.
- The error in calculating uranium reserves in the case of taking into account the efficiency of using the internally and externally extrapolating boundaries of the ore body are larger than the case without paying attention to this efficiency.
- The exploration network has been carried out being within 40m along the strike and 20÷40 m along the slope, enough basis to calculate reserves at level 122; however, out of this network only responds to the requirement of calculating resource at level 333.