bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Aspect of Politeness Expression (Based on the Material of Briefings by Official Representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zhao Zehong
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the expression of politeness in the Russian language, based on the material of briefings and the influence of gender parameters. Most of the works devoted to the category of politeness are currently comparative studies of different languages. This work requires continuation in both theoretical and practical aspects, and the problem of gender specificity of speech acts is one of the most pressing in sociolinguistics and gender linguistics. For the first time, the texts of briefings were used as material for studying the category of politeness and its manifestations. Briefing as a genre belongs to the periphery of political discourse and intersects with the sphere of diplomatic discourse; texts of this type are characterized by the presence of both official business and journalistic features, the analysis of which complements the study of polite expression and political discourse. Polite expressions in briefing texts are classified by speech acts, politeness models of various speech acts are listed, and the total number of polite expressions in the material and the number of polite expressions in different categories are calculated. Statistical results are used to analyze the characteristics of polite expression in the briefing, preferences and gender differences in politeness expression. The results of the study contribute to the study of the specifics of the use of politeness expressions in different texts, as well as the observation of the modern influence of gender factors on the expression of politeness and trends in the development of gender differences in society.
Common Slavic Vocabulary in Teaching Russian Language for Foreign Slavic Audience
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Iukhimenko Natalia V.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the lexical aspect of teaching the Russian language to native speakers of related Slavic languages, taking into account the characteristics of Slavic audience (the need to overcome interlingual interference and the possibility of using positive transfer arising from the presence of proto-Slavic lexical foundations, the processes of interlingual convergence and divergence associated with it). The proto-Slavic lexical foundations includes words that are similar in sound and spelling in related Slavic languages, derived from the same etymon. Differences in the semantic structure of such language units are the source of numerous lexical errors in the speech of students from Slavic countries. The main purpose of the article is to propose new approaches to the presentation and semantization of common Slavic vocabulary in the lessons of Russian as a non-Slavic language at an advanced stage of education. The novelty of the research lies in the methodical work with the language units of the proto-Slavic lexical foundations, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the process of teaching Russian as a non-Slavic language, finding ways to present and semantize lexical units with common Slavic roots that implement the principles of conscientiousness in learning and taking into account the native language. The material of the study is the language units of the Proto-Slavic lexical foundations, texts containing such units. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, pedagogical modeling. The proposed approaches activate the processes of mastering Russian vocabulary in a Slavic audience.
Topological Insights into Nanostar Dendrimers by Computing the
Augmented Zagreb Index
Authors: Ghazwani Haleemah , Koam Ali N. A. , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Ahmad Ali
Published: April 2024

Background::

The field of nanobiotechnology uses precise nanofabrication techniques
to advance our understanding and control of biological systems. Due to their remarkable
properties, dendrimers, which are hyperbranched macromolecular structures with distinct and
well-defined architectures, have emerged as pivotal entities within this field. They are gaining
increasing attention for their potential to catalyze a paradigm shift in medical therapeutics, biotechnological
applications, and advanced material sciences.

Objective::

This paper focuses on a novel analytical expression and determines the precise value
of the augmented Zagreb index, a topological descriptor, for eight classes of nanostar dendrimers.

Methods::

The Zagreb index is a topological invariant to predict molecular behaviour and reactivity.
In this paper, we have explored its application in characterizing the branching of nanostar
dendrimers through computational modelling and mathematical rigor.

Results::

Our research has measured the augmented Zagreb index for nanostar dendrimers,
which fall into eight distinct classes. The results better explain the relationship between the dendrimers'
topology and chemical properties. This correlation has implications for their structural
stability and reactivity, potentially leading to new applications.

Conclusion::

Developing the augmented Zagreb index for nanostar dendrimers is a significant
breakthrough in nanobiotechnology. Based on the correlation between the calculated topological
index and the corresponding molecular attributes, our analytical approach has opened up new
possibilities for designing and synthesizing dendrimers tailored to specific functions in medical
and material science applications. This precise topological quantification could significantly enhance
the utility and functionalization of dendrimers in cutting-edge nanotechnological applications.
IL-7R Expression Correlates with Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Zhang Hao , Liu Jing , Hou Changran , Zhang Haojie , Yang Zhenlin
Published: April 2024

Background:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a significant influence on
the development, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer. Therefore, this study
sought to investigate potential prognostic factors and markers indicative of TME remodeling in
breast cancer, utilizing data from the TCGA database.

Methods:

In this study, transcriptome RNA-seq data from 1222 breast cancer samples were processed using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms. We conducted a differential gene expression analysis utilizing COX regression analysis and constructed protein-protein interaction
(PPI) networks for enhanced visualization. Through univariate COX analysis and cross-analysis
within PPI networks, the Interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) emerged as a potential predictor. Subsequently, we performed a comprehensive investigation encompassing single-gene survival analysis, clinical correlation assessment, and GSEA enrichment analysis targeting IL-7R as a core
gene associated with prognosis. We examined the expression of IL-7R in human breast cancer
and normal breast tissue through clinical studies and cytology experiments, followed by an indepth analysis of the relationship between IL-7R and breast cancer.

Results:

The survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with elevated IL-7R expression experienced prolonged survival compared to those with lower IL-7R levels. Results obtained from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, along with clinical and cellular experiments, indicated
higher IL-7R expression in tumor samples compared to normal samples. Correlation tests conducted between IL-7R expression and clinicopathological stage characteristics highlighted statistically significant associations between IL-7R expression and the T and M stages. Additionally,
cell classification analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIC) proportion showed that activated CD4+ T cells and CD8 T cells of memory B cells were positively correlated with IL-7R
expression. These findings further underscored the impact of IL-7R levels on the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Conclusion:

IL-7R emerges as a potential prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients, particularly in sustaining the immunoactive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contributing to immune reconstitution. These findings offer novel insights into breast cancer treatment
strategies.
Nanogels as Drug Delivery Carrier: A Narrative Review on Formulation
Techniques, Characterization, Applications, and Patents
Authors: Kumari Alpana , Bhardwaj Kamini , Mishra Supriya , Singh Lubhan , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Yasir Mohd
Published: April 2024

Under the umbrella of targeted drug delivery systems, several techniques are unleashed in the market that allow a drug or other pharmacologically active material to be delivered to the target cell to treat a condition or health problem. The improvement of the pharmaceutical delivery systems' effectiveness, safety, and stability is accomplished through the Formulation of the nano-gel-based delivery system. Nanogels are aqueous dispersions of submicronsized, three-dimensional, strongly cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers that are inflated by water. Through a variety of delivery routes, such as oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral, and
intraocular, an active pharmaceutical agent or therapeutic agent with a high or low molecular
weight can be easily encapsulated into nanogels. Nanogels have been researched as drug delivery systems due to their beneficial qualities, such as biocompatibility, high stability, flexible
particle size, drug loading capacity, and potential surface modification for active targeting by
attaching ligands that recognize cognate receptors on target cells or tissues. By responding to
internal or external stimuli, including pH, temperature, light, and redox, nano gels can be made
to be stimulus-responsive, allowing for regulated drug release. Thus, in the fact of said characteristics’ of nano gels, this review manuscript aims to provide an overview of characterization,
evaluation, formulation technique, recent applications, and patents of nano gels.
Identification of Critical Genes Differentiating Stable and Unstable
Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Bioinformatic and Computational Analysis
Authors: Mahjoubin-Tehran Maryam , Santos Raul D. , Almahmeed Wael , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: April 2024

Background:

Identification of biomarkers to distinguish between stable and unstable
plaque formation would be very useful to predict plaque vulnerability.

Methods:

We downloaded microarray profiles of gene set enrichment (GSE) accession numbers
including GSE71226 and GSE20680 (group A: containing healthy vs stable plaque samples) and
GSE62646 and GSE34822 (group B: containing stable vs unstable plaque samples) from Gene expression
omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes were compared in both data sets
of each group.

Results:

Ten and 12 key genes were screened in groups A and B, respectively. Gene Ontology
(GO) enrichment was applied by the plugin “BiNGO” (Biological networks gene ontology tool) of
the Cytoscape. The key genes were mostly enriched in the biological process of positive regulation
of the cellular process. The protein-protein interaction and co-expression network were analyzed
by the STRING (search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins) and GeneMANIA
(gene multiple association network integration algorithm) plugin of Cytoscape, respectively,
which showed that Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Heparin-binding EGF like growth factor
(HBEGF), and Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were at the core of the network. Further validation
of key genes using two datasets showed that Phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) and Protein S
(PROS1) were decreased in unstable plaques, while Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3),
HBEGF, and Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) were increased.

Conclusion:

The present study used several datasets to identify key genes associated with stable
and unstable atherosclerotic plaque.
Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Screening of New N-Substituted -8-Methyl-4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone -3-Carboxamides as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Altaher Dania , Zalloum Hiba , Sweidan Kamal , Sabbah Dima A. , AlSalamat Husam , Sunjuk Mahmoud , Isleem Reem
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

A new series of 4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives has been synthesized in good yields, followed by complete characteri-zation using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and IR techniques.

Methods:

The final products contain amide, hydroxyl, and aromatic functional groups that usu-ally show significant bioactivity. The target products have been examined towards three cancer cell lines, namely colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and leukemia cell line (K562) in addition to the fibroblast cells, that were used as a model for normal human tissue.

Results:

The anticancer results signified that compound 6 showed the most activity in the series accomplished with IC50 values of 14.6, 5.3 and 12.8 μM,

Conclusion:

Other compounds exhibited considerable activity, such as compounds 9 (IC50 3.5 and 19.0 μM), 10 (IC50 12.6 μM), and 11 (IC50 10.3 μM) against the three cancer cell lines HCT116, MCF-7 and K562, respectively.
T2 Relaxation Time in Extraocular Muscles of Patients with Mild Thyroid-
Associated Ophthalmopathy: Comparing T2 Mapping With and Without Fat
Suppression Using Different Measurement Methods
Authors: Li Defu , Guo Xuejun , Zeng Jianguo , Feng Huijie , Zhu Tingting , Li Hongbing
Published: April 2024

Objective::

This study aimed to compare the parametric value of T2 with and without fat suppression (FS) on T2 mapping for the evaluation of extraocular
muscles (EOMs) in mild thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods::

We prospectively recruited 44 consecutive patients with mild TAO seen between May 2020 and October 2022 and 26 healthy controls with no
history of eye- or thyroid-related or other autoimmune diseases. Patients with mild TAO were subdivided into active and inactive groups based on
their clinical activity scores. The T2 of each EOM was measured over a large and small area of interest on T2-mapping images with and without
FS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of T2 for detecting TAO activity.

Results::

The T2 was significantly and heterogeneously higher in the active group than in the inactive and control groups (P < 0.05). FS-T2-mapping images
had better signal display within and at the edges of the EOMs than those without FS. It was possible to observe high-signal aggregation visible in
the periphery of some EOMs, and the central part showed relatively low signals. The maximum T2 measured in small or large areas with and
without FS had good diagnostic efficacy for TAO activity, with that of no-FS being better (the area under the ROC curve of the maximum T2
measured in a small area and a large area without FS was 1.0 and 1.0 and P values of < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion::

Maximal T2 with or without FS can facilitate the early clinical detection of mild TAO activity. The maximum T2 in a small area can facilitate
active staging of patients with mild TAO.
Classification of Colorectal Cancer using ResNet and EfficientNet Models
Authors: Abhishek   , Ranjan Abhishek , Srivastva Priyanshu , Prabadevi B , Rajagopal Sivakumar , Soangra Rahul , Subramaniam Shamala K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases from children to elderly adults. This will be deadly if not detected at an earlier stage of the cancerous cell formation, thereby increasing the mortality rate. One such cancer is colorectal cancer, caused due to abnormal growth in the rectum or colon. Early screening of colorectal cancer helps to identify these abnormal growth and can exterminate them before they turn into cancerous cells.

Aim

Therefore, this study aims to develop a robust and efficient classification system for colorectal cancer through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on histological images.

Methods

Despite challenges in optimizing model architectures, the improved CNN models like ResNet34 and EfficientNet34 could enhance Colorectal Cancer classification accuracy and efficiency, aiding doctors in early detection and diagnosis, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

Results

ResNet34 outperforms the EfficientNet34.

Conclusion

The results are compared with other models in the literature, and ResNet34 outperforms all the other models.
An IoT-driven COVID and Smart Health Check Monitoring System
Authors: Panda Subhashree , Abinaya N , Preetha K S , Velmurugan T , Nandakumar S
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The current global threat posed by the novel severe respiratory disease Corona Virus 2 is the most serious global public health disaster. The Internet of Things (IoT) is redefining innovative medical approaches. It is the progressing medical care frameworks from conventional by allowing patients to be more easily diagnosed, and checked.

Methods

In this paper, a convenient physiological scrutinizing groundwork is presented, which will allow us to continually monitor the patient's body temperature, blood oxygen level, saline levels, and respiration rate alongside cough detection. In both indoor and outdoor environments, note the temperature, humidity, and the position of any hazardous gasses.

Results

The data are saved on the web server, from which the person can access it from all over the world via an online connection.

Conclusion

We established a notification system for significant changes in sensor information via a web page, email, and SMS alerts with buzzer activation during an emergency.
The Application of Nanomaterials for the Rescue of a Single Compromised Tooth with a Multidisciplinary Approach: Case Report and Scoping Review
Authors: Aiuto Riccardo , Villani Federico Alcide , Lipani Erica , Kara Aysenur , Garcovich Daniele , Dioguardi Mario , Carli Elisabetta , Re Dino
Published: April 2024

Background

A nanomaterial is defined as an insoluble or biopersistent and intentionally manufactured material with one or more external dimensions, or an internal structure on the scale from 1 nm to 100 nm. They are commonly considered as those materials in which the shape and molecular composition at a nanometer scale can be controlled. This extension of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry is termed “Nanodentistry”, and it has expanded to every single branch of dentistry, such as restorative, endodontic, prosthetic, and periodontology.

Case Report

The principal aim of the study was to report a noteworthy case of a 35-year-old male whose central incisor with Class III Heithersay EICR (external invasive cervical resorption) was managed through a multidisciplinary approach and the employment of various nanomaterials. Furthermore, a narrative review was also performed to investigate the state of the art of nanomaterials in different fields of modern dentistry, analyzing their application and characteristics for the recovery of a single compromised tooth. The primary sources were selected through the use of search engines, such as Pubmed (Medline), EBSCO, and Cochrane Library.

Results

Using the MeSH and non-MeSH terms and applying the search strategy previously described, a total of 442 articles were selected through search engines, such as Pubmed (Medline), EBSCO, and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts were screened and then full texts of all potentially relevant publications were obtained and reviewed independently. Through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 20 articles were selected.

Conclusion

The present case report, as well as the review of the literature, emphasize that nowadays, the adhesive systems available allow a minimally invasive treatment, which also ensures excellent aesthetic and functional results avoiding the loss of a tooth with a high aesthetic value. Interactions between different biomaterials and nanoparticles (bioceramics, sealers, nanocomposites, radicular dentin, and adhesive cementation) and correct tissue response have been reported. Further studies are needed on the topic.
In silico Characterization of an Initiation Factor 2 Kinase of Black Fungi:
A Potential Drug Target for Mycosis
Authors: Assunção Cláudia Barbosa , de Aguiar Edgar Lacerda , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel A. , La Santrer Emanuelle Rutren , Dias Sandro Renato , de Souza Rodrigues Thiago , Caligiorne Rachel Basques
Published: April 2024

:

Fungi infections are responsible for more than 1.6 million deaths per year worldwide.
Treatment is time-consuming, compromising the kidney and liver functions. in silico analyses
have facilitated the discovery of new drugs that may present fewer side effects. In this connection,
kinases that phosphorylate the translation initiation factor eIF-2 are candidate proteins for potent
new drugs, which have been recognized as important in maintaining protein synthesis. Substances
that interfere with the phosphorylation of the eIF2α factor may be the way to inhibit the production
of proteins and accelerate the fungi's death. To determine whether this enzyme can be used as
a new drug target, this study aimed to perform in silico functional annotation and characterization
of eIF2 factor kinase´s three-dimensional structure from three species of black fungi. In addition,
inhibitors that could interact and bind to the active site of the enzyme were explored. The hypothetical
protein was submitted to the databases and bioinformatics tools for its characterization, whose
analysis of protein-protein interactions was modeled and inhibitors anchored. Protein interaction
analysis linked the kinases with other molecules in protein translation and ribosome recycling.
However, centrality analysis showed only one kinase as a possible drug target. The inhibitors
showed coupling with the active site of protein kinases, and these results indicate a possible blockade
of the enzymatic function that can accelerate the response to the drugs. This study demonstrates
that biochemical characterization and in silico validation studies of potential drugs can be
more efficient and yield faster results.
Peptide Drugs: Current Status and it's Applications in the Treatment of
Various Diseases
Authors: Chandarana Chandni , Juwarwala Isha , Shetty Shravi , Bose Anushree
Published: April 2024

Peptides represent a class of natural molecules with diverse physiological functions, including
hormone regulation, neurotransmission, and immune modulation. In recent years, peptide-
based therapeutics have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research and development
due to their high specificity, efficacy, and relatively low toxicity. This review provides an
overview of the current landscape of peptide drug development, highlighting the challenges faced
in their formulation and delivery and the innovative strategies employed to overcome these hurdles.
The review explores the wide range of applications of peptide drugs in treating various diseases,
including HIV, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, chronic pain, diabetes, and cancer. Examples
of FDA-approved peptide drugs and ongoing clinical trials are presented, showcasing the
continuous advancements in peptide-based therapeutics across different therapeutic areas. This review
underscores the promising potential of peptide drugs as targeted and effective treatments for
a multitude of medical conditions, offering improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced patient
care.
Influence of the rolling direction on ductile damage during deep drawing of dual-phase steel
Authors: MÜLLER Martina
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The spatial distribution as well as the amount of the accumulated damage within a component significantly affects its performance in terms of fatigue and crash behavior. One effective approach to control the amount of the accumulated damage is through precise adjustments of process parameters and setup. This paper explored the impact of sheet metal alignment with respect to the forming tools relative to the rolling direction of cold rolling on damage accumulation in sheet metal during deep drawing of a rectangular cup and a U-profile. Firstly, numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the load paths in form of stress and strain states that occur during deep drawing. Subsequently, experimental investigations were conducted to examine the effect of different alignments of the sheet metal with respect to the rolling direction on ductile damage. Therefore, the damage accumulation in the form of void area fraction in workpiece areas that are critical to performance was quantified and compared. Overall, the results have shown that the damage accumulation in form of void area fractions is dependent on the alignment of the sheet metal with respect to the rolling direction. The void area fraction of the rectangular cup could be reduced by 22.4% when considering a sheet metal that is aligned with the rolling direction parallel to the longest, straight sides of the geometry instead of a perpendicular orientation. For the U profile it was demonstrated that a 45° orientation of the rolling direction to the bending radius leads to the lowest damage accumulation reducing it by 50.38% compared to a 0°-orientation.
Effects of triaxiality and lode parameter on deep drawing process
Authors: GÜZELDEREN Tolunay
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter as a function of the cup height in the deep drawing process. For this purpose, deep drawing of square cups made of AISI304 steel are analyzed numerically by using von Mises and Hill’48 yield criteria with isotropic hardening. The fracture of the sheet is predicted by applying the Johnson-Cook and the Hosford-Coulomb ductile criteria. The results obtained by using the finite element method are presented in terms of effective plastic strain, triaxiality and Lode angle parameter distributions for the deformed blank. The tensile, compressive and shear nature of the deformation is evaluated by referring the corresponding triaxiality and Lode angle parameter values.
Modular 3D roller straightening – a new approach to straightening and forming of spring steel wires (X10CrNi18-8)
Authors: DAHMS F.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Spring steel wires are usually supplied and stored on coils. The manufacturing and coiling processes of these wires induce inhomogeneous plastic deformations that lead to undesirable residual stresses and varying wire curvatures in the semi-finished product. These residual stresses and curvatures defects are causing varying process conditions in the subsequent manufacturing processes, which have a negative impact on the product quality, leading to wastage and thus affecting the economic and ecological efficiency. Especially the curvature deviations must be compensated for the stability of the subsequent processes. This is usually realised with roller straighteners, which are set manually by the machine operators only at the beginning of a process. In this paper, we introduce a new approach with a modular straightening-machine design and a new set-up process. The more isolated deformation behaviour in a module-based straightener overcomes the complexity of interactions between the close-positioned spaced straightening rollers. This is combined with a set-up process that is independent of conventional material testing, modelling the actual and batch-specific behaviour of the wire in the straightening process. The exact knowledge and time-consuming determination of the material properties thus becomes obsolete. The experimental investigations show the influence of defined straightening strategies on the residual stress evolution and the residual forming limit of the spring steel wires (X10CrNi18-8) in the new straightening process.
Optimization of the heating parameters of a robotized hot incremental forming of high impact polystyrene
Authors: DUARTE ROCHA Valentin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a modern rapid manufacturing technology able to manufacturing complex sheet parts in small quantities. In comparison to conventional deep-drawing process, complex tools can be dispensed in order to reduce tool costs and the time required to achieve the first finished part. This new technology consists of locally and iteratively deforming plastically the sheet material by a punch that is generally hemispherical and of small dimensions, whose trajectory is programmed on a numerically controlled machine or a robot arm. The parts formed are mainly made from metallic materials (steel, aluminum, titanium or copper alloys). Very few studies focus on the incremental forming of thermoplastic parts. Because of the poor formability of thermoplastic parts and the large spring-back at room temperature, the use of heating systems of the work-piece during the forming process is required. In this work, a novel incremental sheet forming assisted by heat transfer was developed to improve the formability of thermoplastic sheet. By means of a series of experimental forming of High Impact Polystyrene pyramid frustum with constant wall angle at different heat temperatures, geometric accuracy was recorded and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of polymer material in the hot incremental sheet forming with different pre-heating system using the finite element method.
Forming of mechanically interlocked aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced polymer parts with complex geometry
Authors: LATORRE Núria
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Forming of aluminium-CFRP hybrid structures into complex shapes is key to decrease environmental impact in automotive industry. However, challenges such as preserving joint integrity after forming operations must be assessed. Therefore, the authors of this work have cold stamped hybrid aluminium-CFRP panels into omega shaped profiles with and without a mechanical interlocking joining technology. The effect of lubricant application, of the CFRP positioning (inside or outside the omega profile), and of the number of mechanical joints were studied. It was concluded that it is possible to cold stamp aluminium-CFRP prepreg panels even with mechanical joints into complex profiles when lubricant is used. Moreover, the position of the CFRP prepreg has a strong impact on the flange springback of the stamped part.
An innovative method to model run-out phenomena in micro-milling by using cutting force signal
Authors: SENECI Greta
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This work deals with the modeling of micro-milling processes by considering the phenomena generated by the transition from conventional size to the micro-scale machining. The concomitant effects of different cutting regimes, and the deviation of the cutting edges from their theoretical trajectories due to tool run-out, are important aspects to be considered during the process modeling. Several models are available in literature to describe how ploughing and shearing regimes influence cutting forces and how the tool run-out impacts on the actual chip thickness. In a previous authors research, a comprehensive model was published achieving a good agreement with the experimental data, but its calibration requires the measurement of the width of the micro-milled slots. This practice is time consuming and subjected to experimental errors, while a calibration of the model based only on the elaboration of the cutting force signal appears a promising strategy. Starting from the mathematical description of the geometrical model, a new equation to compute the tool run-out parameters was found. The parameters depend on eight variables that must be calculated from tool geometry, material composition, cutting parameters and the cutting force signal. An experimental procedure was developed to compare the prediction achieved by the new method and the conventional technique.
Combining experimental and FEM approaches to determine the influence of workpiece temperature on fundamental variables in the machining process
Authors: ORTIZ-DE-ZARATE Gorka
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In machining it is common practice to use lubricants to enhance machinability, resulting in improved part quality and reduced tool wear. However, emerging efforts are centered on mitigating the environmental impact of conventional lubricants by embracing cryogenic (e.g., LN2, CO2) and hot machining (e.g., plasma/laser-assisted machining, resistance/induction heating) among others. However, few studies analyse in depth how the initial temperature of the workpiece affects the fundamental variables of the cutting process and consequently the machinability. In this scenario, this research aimed to analyse the influence of the workpiece temperature from 20ºC to 500ºC, on fundamental process variables, such as forces, chip morphology, Primary Shear Zone length, shear angle, and temperatures, when orthogonal cutting steel AISI 1045 combining experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM) approaches.
Microstructure refinement by a novel friction-based processing on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy
Authors: CHEN Ting
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Insufficient mechanical properties and uncontrollable degradation rates limit the wide application of Mg alloys in bioimplant materials. Microstructure refinement is a common method to improve both the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. In order to efficiently obtain Mg alloys with fine microstructures for potential applications in bioimplant materials, a novel constrained friction processing (CFP) was proposed. In this work, the resulting compression properties of ZX10 alloy obtained by CFP with optimized processing parameter are reported. Additionally, the microstructure evolution during CFP was studied. The results show that during CFP, materials are subjected to high shear strain at the transition zone between the stir zone and thermo-mechanical affected zone, leading to recrystallization with strong local basal fiber shear texture. As the shoulder plunges down, the fraction of recrystallized grain and grain size increase. ZX10 alloy obtained by CFP exhibited higher compressive yield strength by more than 300% and ultimate compressive strength improves by 60%, which indicates the bright prospect of CFP for Mg processing.
Comparison between different methods to determine material constants of the ZK60 Mg alloy from hot bulge tests data
Authors: Cusanno A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. ZK60 is an Aluminium-free Magnesium alloy able to achieve high ductility in superplastic conditions. Those properties make the alloy suitable to be investigated for temporary prostheses production by means of the Superplastic Forming (SPF) process. To properly design the manufacturing process by numerical simulations, an accurate material constitutive model is needed. In the present work, bulge tests at 400°C were conducted on a ZK60 Magnesium sheet using different loading conditions, namely two different levels of constant pressure (CP) and jump pressure (JP) between the two pressure levels. The dome height evolution was acquired during each test and used to calibrate the material constants of the Backofen constitutive equation (σ=C∙ε ̇^m) using three different methodologies: (i) an analytical approach (ii) an inverse methodology based on a single CP test and (iii) an inverse methodology based on the JP test. The obtained constants were validated by subsequent numerical simulations. Comparing the numerical/experimental dome height curves, it was found that the sets of constants determined using the inverse methodology based on the JP test are able to describe the material superplastic behaviour over a wider span of loading conditions.
Experimental evidence on the twisting of incrementally formed polymer sheets by varying the toolpath strategy
Authors: FORMISANO A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In recent years, polymer sheets have been formed by a relatively innovative technology, born for metals and in line with the layered manufacturing principle of rapid prototyping, the incremental sheet forming. This process guarantees high customization and cost-effectiveness but, at the same time, activates some peculiar defects like the twisting phenomenon. To reduce the risk of twisting and the occurrence of failures, it is preferable to reduce the forming forces and one of the solutions is the choice of opportune toolpath strategies. Concerning this, the present experimental research is along the same lines as recent numerical works of the authors; thermoplastic sheets were worked by incremental forming by varying the toolpath strategy. Following the realization of cone frusta, the forming forces and the deformation of the sheets were monitored, to investigate a toolpath strategy capable of reducing the risk of failures and defects for incrementally formed polymer sheets.
Influences of line and contact impedance of the efficiency by non-conventional processes
Authors: HERZIG M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The basis for an efficient application of the non-conventional processing methods Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), Electrochemical Machining (ECM), or a hybrid ED-EC-processes are the right and stable operating points. Correct matching between source, line and process is necessary for that. In general, the conductivity of transition points can shift the operating point. Especially for pulsed processing ECM and hybrid, the frequency response of the supply configuration is essential. The supply impedance depends on the working frequency, the electrical conductivity, and the capacity of the working medium used. The following examination should analyze which influences, in particular, have the supply lines and the contacts on the process. Using an experimental test setup, the contacts under various forces, frequencies, materials and surface scratches. Fundamentals of contact impedance measurements, surface film, and roughness are discussed, as well as the influence of impedance on an operating point. Especially for ECM, the intention to strike a particular operating point must consider the used medium's nonlinear characteristic line. The results are significant in building experimental testing facilities and changing industrial systems for special inserts. By analyzing the impedances, particularly the process energy source used, to avoid misinterpretations regarding process control.
Multi-sensor in process monitoring for WAAM: Detection of process instability in electrical signals
Authors: OUESLATI Sarra
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising process for producing medium to large scale metallic parts at a low cost and with a high deposition rate. However, the multitude of process parameters and physical phenomena involved makes it complex and hard to master. Therefore, monitoring the process becomes crucial for unraveling complexities and attaining a more profound comprehension of the intricacies inherent in WAAM, hence ensuring process stability. In order to produce a defect-free part, while keeping a stable process, the operating parameters must be carefully selected. Nonetheless, one of the significant hurdles in WAAM is the variability of the deposited layers height. The accumulation of these geometrical inaccuracies induces instabilities in the process which results into the appearing of defects on the deposited part. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlations between process instabilities and electrical signals obtained by a deposition monitoring system. A monitoring criterion is then extracted from experimental data. Correlation with instabilities will be confirmed using a thermal camera.
Strain gradient calculation as a basis for localized roving slip prediction in macroscopic forming simulation of non-crimp fabrics
Authors: WANK Jan Paul
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The utilization of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in forming simulation presents the possibility for a thorough examination of the deformation behavior exhibited by engineering textiles during the draping processes. In macroscopic forming simulations the relevant forming effects are depicted in a homogenized way. Slippage of fibers is an essential deformation mechanism of non-crimp fabrics (NCF). Experimentally, this is already observed at coupon level performing the bias-extension test (BET). Significant slippage occurs locally in the transition areas between shear zones with deviating shear angles. In existing macroscopic simulation approaches, roving slippage is only considered homogenized over the shear zones. A localized slip between individual fiber rovings cannot be modelled. Therefore, in the present work a neighboring element method for ABAQUS/EXPLICIT is introduced. This method uses multiple subroutines to transfer information between elements. The functionality of the neighboring method is confirmed by calculating a cross element gradient of the shear angle. The calculation of the shear angle gradient is shown in the simulation of the BET, giving rise to the transition zones which have been experimentally highlighted.
Investigation of the friction behavior of uni- and bidirectional non-crimp fabrics
Authors: SCHÄFER Bastian
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The friction behavior of engineering textiles directly affects the forming quality during composite molding processes. In forming tests of dry engineering textiles large relative slip between plies and the tools is observed. The resulting tangential contact stresses influence the material’s membrane stresses, which in turn impact the fabric’s deformation and potentially lead to forming defects such as gapping or ruptures of the textile. The characterization of friction is commonly conducted via relative motion between a fabric ply and either another fabric ply (ply-ply) or a tool (tool-ply) under controlled transverse pressure. The resulting behavior of a textile reinforcement depends on the mesoscopic structure of its unit cell and the material of its constituents. In this work, the tangential friction behavior at interfaces between ply and tooling and between plies of a unidirectional and a bidirectional non-crimp fabric are investigated in sled pull-over-tests. The behavior is analyzed with respect to the applied normal forces, the relative velocity and the relative fiber orientation. A generally rate-independent behavior is observed. Tool-ply friction is only slightly affected by the applied pressure, while ply-ply friction is strongly influenced by the stitching pattern at the contact interface.
Numerical process design for the production of a hybrid die made of tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 and inconel 718
Authors: SIRING Janina
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Dies used in hot forging are subjected to high cyclic thermo-mechanical loads, which lead to die failure. There are various options for increasing the service life of these dies, for example coatings or heat treatments. Another possibility is to adapt the choice of material, which is the focus of this work. For example, the nickel-based alloy Inconel has a higher strength at elevated temperatures compared to tool steel. However, Inconel is difficult to manufacture and has higher material costs. For this reason, a new process design for the production of a hybrid die consisting of Inconel 718 and tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 is presented within this work. To produce the hybrid dies, the two materials are first friction welded and then formed using hot forging. In addition to the numerical process design, experimental tests are also carried out to manufacture such hybrid dies. Furthermore, a numerical parameter study is done to determine the influence of the forging temperature, the forging speed and the initial Inconel thickness on the process parameters. It can be shown that the production of hybrid dies is possible by using the Tailored Forming process chain. The influencing factors investigated change the required press force and also the material distribution of the Inconel in the hybrid die produced. In the future, further experimental tests will be carried out to determine the service life of the hybrid dies.
The wenn / ob / oder triangle
Authors: Cremers Crit
Published: April 2024

In many languages across families, the connectives for conditionals, questions, and disjunctions partially converge: the language’s conditional connective and its question particle are the same, or the question particle and the disjunction are. This article explores the patterns of lexical convergence in terms of the denotations of assertions, questions, and denials. It is argued that neither the partial convergence between the three connectives nor the lack of convergence between conditionals and disjunctions is accidental. To account for this, questioning is constructed as the pivot in a triangle of algebraic relations without a specified connection between disjunction and conditionalization.
Dus ik vind dat de kantine eerder een opknapbeurt verdient! Standpuntmarkeringen in argumentatieve teksten van leerlingen uit de onderbouw van het voorgezet onderwijs
Authors: De Glopper Kees , Pander Maat Henk
Published: April 2024

In dit onderzoek gaan we na op welke wijze leerlingschrijvers uit de onderbouw van het voortgezet onderwijs in argumentatieve teksten hun standpunten markeren. Ook onderzoeken we of en hoe standpuntmarkeringen samenhangen het niveau van het onderwijs dat de leerlingen volgen, het leerjaar waarin zij zitten en de kwaliteit van hun tekst. De analyse van 710 standpunten in 402 teksten laat zien dat de leerlingen hun standpunten vrijwel altijd markeren en dat zij daarbij putten uit een breed repertoire aan vormen. Hoogfrequente vormen van markering die ook in de omgangstaal heel gangbaar lijken, worden door alle groepen schrijvers in min of meer gelijke mate gehanteerd. Onderwijsniveau en tekstkwaliteit hangen wel samen met markeringsvormen die verwijzen naar de effecten van argumentatie en naar conclusies en die daarmee blijk geven van meer gevorderde representaties van schrijver, tekst en lezer.
The COMP-trace effect as an indirect dependency
Authors: Schippers Ankelien
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses two peculiar differences surrounding long-distance dependencies in English, Dutch and German: German and Dutch employ various alternatives to long-distance movement, so-called scope marking constructions, which seem to be absent from English. Conversely, English markedly differs from Dutch and German in showing a strong COMP-trace effect (the mandatory deletion of complementizers in subject LD question). For scope marking structures in German and Dutch, a type of indirect dependency analysis is adopted in which the embedded clause is formally akin to a relative clause. It is then argued that complementizer deletion in English (i.e. the COMP-trace effect) actually instantiates scope marking: the absence of a complementizer signals the presence of a subject contact relative clause. Evidence in favor of this analysis comes from non-identity effects: in English, the putatively LD extracted wh-phrase is able to carry oblique case, which conflicts with the case it should have been assigned in the embedded clause.
Ge- en her- geheranalyseerd
Authors: Talsma Marjolein Wietske , Zwart Jan-Wouter
Published: April 2024

Het verleden deelwoord van Nederlandse werkwoorden met het prefix her- wordt soms wel (geherstructureerd) en soms niet (herzien) gevormd met behulp van het prefix ge-. In dit artikel inventariseren we de werkwoorden met her- en laten we zien dat de eenvoudigste beregeling van de vorming van het verleden deelwoord moet verwijzen naar de structuur van het grondwoord, dus naar de interne structuur van werkwoorden met her-.