bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Term Premium Variability and Monetary Policy
Authors: Fuerst Timothy S. , Mau Ronald
Published: March 2019

This chapter integrates two traditional explanations for the mean and variability of the term premium into a medium-scale DSGE model: (i) time-varying risk premiums on long bonds and (ii) segmented markets between short and long bond markets. Two sources of business cycle variability, shocks to total factor productivity (TFP) and the marginal efficiency of investment (MEI), are included. The authors characterize the ability of each approach to match both the mean and the variability of the term premium when either shock is the driving source of variation in the model. The risk approach fails with a negative average term premium in response to MEI shocks and trivially small variability in the term premium overall. In contrast, the segmented markets model can easily match both moments. Market segmentation reflects a real distortion, thus smoothing the term premium is typically welfare-improving, although there are potential difficulties with such a policy.
Central Banking and Prudential Regulation
Authors: Davis Kevin
Published: March 2019

The financial deregulation in major Western economies in the 1970s and 1980s freed banks from many preexisting constraints, facilitating competition and greater risk-taking and eventually leading to prudential regulation and supervision as a specific, well-defined area of regulatory activity. It was codified in the Basel Accord, which allowed banks considerable discretion in how they met broadly specified regulatory requirements and was focused primarily on individual bank safety. The financial crisis of 2007–2008 highlighted numerous weaknesses in the design and application of this approach. The previous micro-orientation has been complemented by a macroprudential focus, suggesting a strengthened case for central bank involvement in prudential regulation. Microprudential regulation has been strengthened, with changes reflecting less confidence in the previous market-oriented approach and more reliance on direct controls. The wheel has turned such that prederegulation approaches and attitudes have been incorporated into the postcrisis design and approach of prudential regulation.
Macromodeling, Default, and Money
Authors: Goodhart Charles , Romanidis Nikolaos , Tsomocos Dimitrios P. , Shubik Martin
Published: March 2019

Mainstream macromodels have assumed away financial frictions, in particular default. The minimum addition in order to introduce financial intermediaries, money, and liquidity into such models is the possibility of default. This, in turn, requires that institutions and price formation mechanisms become a modeled part of the process, or a “playable game.” Financial systems are not static, nor are they necessarily reverting to an unchanging equilibrium, but they are evolving processes, subject to institutional control mechanisms, which themselves are subject to sociopolitical development. Process-oriented models of strategic market games can be translated into consistent stochastic models incorporating default and boundary constraints.
What Has Publishing Inflation Forecasts Accomplished? Central Banks and Their Competitors
Authors: Siklos Pierre L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores short-term sources of inflation forecast disagreement in nine advanced economies. Domestic versus global factors among other determinants are considered. The chapter also adapts an idea from the model confidence set approach to obtain a quasi-confidence interval for inflation forecast disagreement. Some forecasters may change their outlook, especially when data are frequently revised (e.g., the output gap). This extension is also considered. Estimates of disagreement are found to be sensitive to the chosen benchmark, and central banks need not always be the benchmark of choice. The range of forecast disagreement can be high even when levels of disagreement are low. There is little evidence that forecasts are strongly coordinated with those of the central bank. Finally, at least over the period considered, which covers the end of the Great Moderation and the global financial crisis, there is consistent evidence that global factors impact forecast disagreement.
Central Bank Communication
Authors: de Haan Jakob , Sturm Jan-Egbert
Published: March 2019

Many central banks in the world nowadays regard their external communication as an important tool to achieve their goals. This chapter provides an overview of the different ways in which central banks inform the public about the future direction of monetary policy and how successful they have been in recent years. Forward guidance is either part of a monetary policy strategy in which an explicit inflation target is targeted or is part of a strategy that attempts to circumvent the effective lower bound regarding the nominal interest rate. In both cases, forward guidance attempts to influence longer-term interest rates and inflation expectations through the expected future short-term interest rates.
Central Bank Communications
Authors: Davis J. Scott , Wynne Mark A.
Published: March 2019

Over the past twenty-five years, central bank communications have undergone a major revolution. Central banks that previously shrouded themselves in mystery now embrace social media to get their message out to the widest audience. The volume of information about monetary policy that the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) now releases dwarfs what it was releasing a quarter century ago. This chapter focuses on just one channel of FOMC communications, the postmeeting statement. It documents how this has become more detailed over time. Then daily financial-market data are used to estimate a daily time series of US monetary policy shocks. These shocks on Fed statement release days have gotten larger as the statement has gotten longer and more detailed, and the chapter shows that the length and complexity of the statement have a direct effect on the size of the monetary policy shock following a Fed decision.
Language Plasticity in Epilepsy
Authors: Cole Jeffrey R. , Hamberger Marla J.
Published: March 2019

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that enables systematic study of language organization and reorganization. Although the vast majority of healthy individuals are left-hemisphere dominant for language, people with epilepsy are more likely to have atypical language organization. This chapter reviews two general mechanisms of language plasticity, including reorganization due to chronic functional disruption giving rise to slowly progressive structural disturbances from ongoing epileptic activity, as well as acute changes that occur after epilepsy surgery. Evidence is presented from classic “disruption” techniques, such as Wada testing and electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM), and alternative “activation” techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Additional findings are is also reviewed from more advanced imaging, specifically diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), reflecting changes in the structure of language circuits pre- and postoperatively. These methods have been used to investigate clinical factors that influence the lateralization and localization of language regions in epilepsy—including but not limited to the location of seizure foci, age of seizure onset, presence of lesions, and extent of abnormal EEG activity between seizures—all of which may be associated with both inter- and intra-hemispheric changes in language networks. The process of language organization and reorganization is complex and heterogeneous, and there are multiple patient variables that can affect results from these different, yet complementary, techniques. For this reason, it is important to understand these issues to optimize clinical care, especially when definitive identification of language cortex is required for surgical planning among patients with refractory epilepsy.
Neuromotor Organization of Speech Production
Authors: Tremblay Pascale , Deschamps Isabelle , Dick Anthony Steven
Published: March 2019

The production of speech is a multistep process requiring close coordination between neurolinguistic, neurocognitive, and neuromotor processes to communicate fluently and seemingly effortlessly. This complex process, which combines speech-specific and domain-general neural mechanisms, involves a closed repertoire of motor programs to control over 100 muscles distributed over the face, neck, and abdomen. The process requires neuromotor mechanisms to implement phonological planning, response selection, sequencing, and timing, contextual adjustments of the motor programs, as well as action execution and response monitoring. Recent advances in neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques have led to the emergence of neurobiologically realistic models of speech production, leading to more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing speech. This chapter reviews the most up-to-date knowledge on the neural organization of the brain systems involved in producing speech.
The Neural Organization of Signed Language
Authors: Corina David P. , Lawyer Laurel A.
Published: March 2019

Current understanding of the brain systems involved in language has been largely derived through the study of spoken languages. However, as naturally occurring manual-visual sign languages used in Deaf communities attest, human languages are not limited to the oral-aural modality. The existence of sign languages used in Deaf communities provides a unique opportunity to test the generality of biological models of human language. The comparison of neural systems supporting spoken and signed language allows researchers to distinguish brain systems that are common across human languages from brain systems that reflect the modality of language expression (e.g., auditory perceptual versus visual perceptual processes). These comparisons make it possible to address long-standing issues regarding the expression of language in the brain. Neuroimaging and aphasia studies of deaf signers reveal great commonalties in the neural systems used for sign and speech and provide evidence for a core neurobiological substrate for human linguistic communication. Also observed are cases of modality-specific patterns of brain activation and modality-specific language impairments that speak to functional specialization based upon sensory and motor systems unique to speech and sign. As increasingly sophisticated neurobiological models of language processing emerge, researchers are poised to ask new questions about the biological substrates of human communication is all its various forms.
The Dorsal Stream Auditory-Motor Interface for Speech
Authors: Hickok Gregory
Published: March 2019

As the title forecasts, this chapter is about the dorsal auditory-motor speech interface. This network is part of a larger system involved in auditory, speech, and language processing that is roughly organized into two main streams, referred to as the dorsal and ventral streams, corresponding to their locations on the lateral cortex. The chapter reviews the organization of the broader dual stream context, including its historical foundation. It then turns to recent progress in mapping the dorsal stream and understanding its computational basis. A current hypothesis is that the dual stream supports speech production via a feedback-control mechanism. This line of research offers the hope of integrating psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and motor control research.
Neural Basis of Monolingual and Bilingual Reading
Authors: Paz-Alonso Pedro M. , Oliver Myriam , Quiñones Ileana , Carreiras Manuel
Published: March 2019

Over the last two decades, neuroimaging research has provided extensive knowledge about the neural basis of reading. However, there are still important debates about the functional role of reading-related regions and networks, and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed to further understand how reading is accomplished by the neural systems of monolingual and bilingual individuals. This chapter offers a critical review of (1) the functional specialization of left perisylvian reading regions and their participation in orthographic, phonological, and semantic reading systems; (2) the division of labor between ventral and dorsal reading networks and the factors that modulate them; and (3) the neural correlates supporting bilingual reading and the impact of age of acquisition, language proficiency, language exposure, and language orthography in the modulation of bilingual reading regions and networks. The chapter summarizes relevant current and future directions in the study of the neural mechanisms supporting this phylogenetically relatively new human ability.
Sentence Processing
Authors: Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina , Schlesewsky Matthias
Published: March 2019

Neurolinguistic approaches to sentence processing have recently begun to focus on neurobiological plausibility. Thus, rather than seeking primarily to establish mappings between linguistic and cognitive concepts and the brain, the question of how sentence processing is implemented by the brain’s unique biological hardware has become increasingly important. This chapter reviews the current state of the art with respect to the neurobiology of sentence processing, adopting both a neuroanatomical and a timing-based perspective. For both of these domains, the chapter provides an overview of current models and frameworks, as well as the empirical evidence supporting them. In each case, it highlights areas of consensus, as well as key points of difference between approaches where no consensus has yet been reached.
Comprehension of Metaphors and Idioms
Authors: Rapp Alexander Michael
Published: March 2019

This chapter covers the underlying neurobiology of metaphor and idiom comprehension. The topic has gained interest in many different research fields. For decades, it has been claimed that clinical populations may have a selective deficit in metaphor comprehension, including patients with damage to the right hemisphere of the brain and those with disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. The majority of research has been focused on these disorders, but some studies have investigated other conditions, including dementias, William’s syndrome, depression, traumatic brain injury, relational aggression, schizotypal personality traits, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)), and other developmental disorders. Paradigms on metaphor and idiom comprehension are also used as clinical and research tools to investigate embodiment and motor language, social cognition, aphasia, intelligence, and coverbal gestures. It is therefore not surprising that the number of studies on the neural correlates of these forms of communication has consistently increased, especially within the last 10 years. This chapter reviews the functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on metaphor and idioms.
Electrophysiological Methods in the Study of Language Processing
Authors: Leckey Michelle , Federmeier Kara D.
Published: March 2019

Gaining an understanding of the neural correlates of language is a difficult task given the rapidity of language processing. The excellent temporal resolution associated with event-related potentials (ERPs) makes them an ideal method for investigations in this area. This chapter discusses factors that must be considered when using ERPs and provides guidelines for effective experimental design and recording and analysis of ERP data. It then discusses the characteristics of a number of ERP components used in the study of language comprehension and production, offering examples of how these have been implemented within a variety of research areas.
Lateralization of Language
Authors: Van der Haegen Lise , Cai Qing
Published: March 2019

It is intriguing that the two brain halves of the human brain look so similar, but are in fact quite different at the anatomical level, and even more so at the functional level. In particular, the highly frequent co-occurrence of right-handedness and left hemisphere dominance of language has led to an abundance of laterality research. This chapter discusses the most important recent finding on laterality (i.e., left or right hemisphere) and degree of hemispheric specialization for speech production, auditory speech processing, and reading. Following a descriptive overview of these three core sub-processes of language, the chapter summarizes possible influences on the lateralization of each, including anatomical, evolutionary, genetic, developmental, and experiential factors, as well as handedness and impairment. It will become clear that language is a heterogeneous cognitive function driven by a variety of underpinning origins. Next, the often-underestimated role of the right hemisphere for language is discussed with respect to prosody and metaphor comprehension, as well as individual differences in the lateralization of healthy and language-impaired brains. Finally, recent insights into the relationship between lateralized language and non-language functions are discussed, highlighting the unique contribution of lateralization research to the growing knowledge of general human brain mechanisms.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Neural Network Account of Language
Authors: Schuhmann Teresa
Published: March 2019

This chapter illustrates how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate the functional relevance and temporal characteristics of language-related brain networks for various aspects of language processing. In contrast to neuroimaging methods establishing mainly correlative relationships between patterns of neural activity and cognitive functions, TMS enables a direct manipulation of neural network activity with respective functional consequences on behavior and cognition. Examples of whether and how TMS has been demonstrated to unravel such functional brain-behavior relationships in the domain of language processing, which is unarguably one of the most complex human abilities one could aim to investigate from a neuroscience perspective, are presented. This chapter therefore first introduces the basic principles and mechanisms of action underlying TMS, including the many possible application protocols. Based on the understanding that TMS can investigate both the spatial as well as temporal characteristics of the neural correlates of language, the suitability and limitations of TMS in language research are discussed. Next, examples of TMS language studies that have successfully employed the different advantages of TMS are presented. Finally, the applicability of TMS for clinical populations in the context of language-related deficits such as aphasia are reviewed briefly, followed by a short outlook on future perspectives of TMS in the study of language.
Diffusion Imaging Methods in Language Sciences
Authors: Forkel Stephanie J. , Catani Marco
Published: March 2019

The field of neuroanatomy of language is moving forward at a fast pace. This progression is partially due to the development of diffusion tractography, which has been used to describe white matter connections in the living human brain. For the field of neurolinguistics, this advancement is timely and important for two reasons. First, it allows clinical researchers to liberate themselves from neuroanatomical models of language derived from animal studies. Second, for the first time, it offers the possibility of testing network correlates of neurolinguistic models directly in the human brain. This chapter introduces the reader to general principles of diffusion imaging and tractography. Examples of its applications to normal language and its disorders will be used to explicate its potentials and limitations.
Max Weber’s Ethics for the Modern World
Authors: Ghosh Peter
Published: March 2019

Max Weber was an extremely important ethical thinker, as is suggested by the title of his most famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Confronted by the perceived breakdown of universally accepted, religiously based ethical codes, he proposed a two-tier scheme of ethics: impersonal, professional, technically, and legally appropriate behavior in the public sphere of employment, alongside wide tolerance of “subjectivist” self-assertion in regard to (for example) religion and sexuality in the private sphere. This was a radically original scheme whose relevance to twenty-first-century circumstances is self-evident, though not to the many moral philosophers who appear to think that today’s ethical theory should still resemble the prescriptions of Kant or even Aristotle. The second part of the essay outlines a series of possible contemporary applications of Weberian ethics, as well as “neo-Weberian” modifications which the lapse of time since Weber’s death suggests.
Intellectuals, Scholars, and the Value of Science
Authors: Hübinger Gangolf
Published: March 2019

This chapter covers Weber’s understanding of science as a cultural construct having intrinsic value and the decisive part played by the sciences in the “rational mastery of the world.” A complex modernity would demand a complex social and cultural scientific paradigm, in order to be able to understand and grasp “the reality in which we are placed.” And it discusses the habitus taken shape in the history of science that can be identified as Weberian. For example, Raymond Aron in France and Ralf Dahrendorf in Britain and Germany applied Weberian thinking to the social sciences. The final question is, how can we track down the presence of Weber’s scientific ethos from the twentieth century to the present. How can we reread Weber faced with the new problems and intellectual challenges of “global modernities” in our times?
Max Weber and the Sociology of Music
Authors: Konoval Brandon
Published: March 2019

No art form drew closer or more sustained attention from Max Weber than music. A lifelong personal passion, music became the subject of a singularly ambitious study in the final decade of his life, resulting in an unfinished monograph, Zur Musiksoziologie (The Rational and Social Foundations of Music [1958]), begun in 1912–1913 and published posthumously in 1921, raising key issues to which Weber returned in other writings. As with his earlier study of capitalism, Weber sought to trace the origins and development of a distinctive cultural product, occidental harmony, that revealed a complex interaction between rational processes both internal to the art and in counterpoint with varied social and historical contexts. Correspondingly, the music study avidly pursued cross-cultural perspectives, a prominent concern for Weber in the aftermath of critical reception to The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and for which music had become a touchstone in contemporary scholarly and scientific domains. Engaged with diverse contexts and disciplinary perspectives that informed a frequently technical yet cosmopolitan account of Western music and its signal developments, Weber’s music study explored how a sociology of music could be productively founded and what it might aspire to become.
From Occidental Rationalism to Multiple Modernities
Authors: Arnason Johann P.
Published: March 2019

This chapter traces connections, affinities, and contrasts between Max Weber’s interpretation of Western modernity and S. N. Eisenstadt’s notion of multiple modernities. Although Weber was aware of diverse components entering into the dominant pattern of modernity, he did not develop any systematic line of argument on varieties of modernity. Eisenstadt went beyond Weber’s problematic with a conceptual focus on civilizational dimensions. The chapter emphasizes three main implications of this turn: the civilizational aspect of human societies that stresses the variety of interconnections between cultural articulations of the world and social institutions, the conception of modernity as a new civilization centered on a vision of human autonomy that includes Weber’s cultural emphasis on rationality, and the idea that legacies of older civilizations affect the formations of modernity in different regions of the world. Eisenstadt addresses a spectrum of modern sociocultural worlds as well as a group of major civilizational traditions, both of which constitute broader fields for comparative research. This does not mean that Eisenstadt invariably improves upon Weber’s approaches. The interesting case of Japan, about which Eisenstadt wrote more extensively than Weber, shows that the latter’s more historical perspective still has merit.
Contested Child Protection Policies
Authors: Bartholet Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

This chapter discusses the tension over recent decades in child welfare policy in the United States between two conflicting value systems, one focusing on parent and group rights over children, and the other focusing on child rights to grow up with nurturing parental care. It describes the leading legal and policy movements that have promoted keeping children with the family of origin and in the racial, ethnic and national group of origin. It contrasts these with some laws and policies that have instead prioritized protecting children against abuse and neglect, and placing them with nurturing parents including in adoption. It situates domestic US child welfare policy debates within the larger international context.
The Politics of Energy and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Delina Laurence L.
Published: March 2019

The global sustainable development agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), places energy systems—technologies to improve energy access, increase renewable energy generation, and tap energy efficiency—at its core to deliver what the United Nations General Assembly envisaged to be sustainable development for “people, prosperity and planet.” But a fourth “p”—for politics—needs to be enmeshed in this framework. This chapter maps the extant literature on the connections between the politics of energy systems and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa, a region where most of the world’s energy poor live. A focus on the politics of energy and sustainable development for people, prosperity, and planet remains a rich, yet understudied, frontier for future research. This chapter suggests an inclusive, interdisciplinary, and influential research agenda.
The Replacements
Authors: Brown Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2019

Since 2011, Marvel has introduced new characters to replace some iconic heroes. All of the replacements, called legacy heroes, are women and/or nonwhite characters (for instance, an African-American teenage girl is the new Iron Man). These new heroes addressed social issues such as racism and misogyny, in addition to fighting the usual supervillains. The legacy heroes expanded the idea of who could be a superhero beyond the standard white males who have always dominated the genre. This chapter details how the legacy heroes redefined the Marvel universe for a new readership and repositioned diversity and equality as heroic attributes. It addresses online critics who complained that Marvel was merely bowing to a climate of political correctness. Some readers feared that powerful white men were being systematically replaced. This chapter draws parallels between such fears and the legacy heroes being an addition to, not a replacement for, the Marvel universe.
Hammer in Hand
Authors: Kirtley Susan
Published: March 2019

In writer Jason Aaron’s eight episode run of Thor, which ran from October 2014 through May 2015, a new, female hero proves herself worthy, picking up the enchanted hammer Mjolnir and assuming the mantle of Thor. In this remarkable storyline, the narrative establishes a diverse feminist alliance inspired by the new, female Thor, a community that triumphs over the patriarchy as embodied by Odin, achieving victory through collective social action. This chapter explores how the characters bring about change through collective action, helping even the most stubborn misogynists see another way. Further, this chapter argues that in its unabashed feminism this series makes an important contribution to dialogue around female empowerment, as it serves as an interruption in a discourse community that has historically been male dominated.
My Favorite Thing Is Monsters
Authors: Hassler-Forest Dan
Published: March 2019

This chapter places Emil Ferris’s graphic novel My Favorite Thing Is Monsters (2017) in a longer tradition of graphic novels that reflect on and intervene in ongoing social, cultural, and political debates. It argues that the work builds specifically on three foundational works that have been particularly influential in the graphic novel’s relatively short history as a literary genre: Art Spiegelman’s Maus, Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home, and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis. The chapter’s analysis of My Favorite Thing Is Monsters places it within a tradition of socially engaged graphic novels, showing how readers’ engagement with its narrative’s two main historical periods both builds intertextually on its literary forebears and at the same time revises our understanding of them by reading them through the prism of current social and political debates. Both aspects underline the importance of intersectional feminism as a way of thinking, writing, and engaging with history.
Adaptation and Racial Representation in Dell/Gold Key TV Tie-ins
Authors: Kunka Andrew J.
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines the comic-book adaptations of television series produced by Dell and Gold Key Comics from 1966 to 1973. These comic books often contained diverse casts, especially with African-American characters, yet they are little discussed in relation to racial representations in the medium. The chapter explores these comic books in terms of the visual style used to depict these minority characters and the way the content addresses social issues related to racism and diversity. Finally, it compares the television adaptations to the more popular superhero comics that were also introducing racially diverse casts at the time, and it raises questions about why these comic books are neglected in comics studies.
Non-Compliants, Brimpers, and She-Romps
Authors: Jenkins Henry
Published: March 2019

Kelly Sue DeConnick’s Bitch Planet and Matt Fraction’s Sex Criminals model the role comic books can play in fostering important civic conversations. Both draw inspiration from exploitation cinema genres (the women-in-prison film, the sex comedy) but reimagine them to embrace alternative conceptions of gender and sexuality. Both also construct “community pages” that inspire and support “uncomfortable conversations” among their fan base—DeConnick’s Non-Compliants and Fraction’s Brimpers. These exchanges construct what Michael Saler describes as “public spheres of the imagination,” communities brought together around periodical publications that create intimate conversations among strangers that use reflections about fictional worlds to contemplate real-world issues. These comic-book publics inspire future developments within these series but also hold the potential to inspire real-world activism.
Comics Studies in America
Authors: Gordon Ian
Published: March 2019

Comics studies is an emerging field of scholarship. Some scholars in the field have even started to think of it in disciplinary terms. There are, however, no graduate programs of study in the field or anything yet established that can be considered a canon of works. Indeed comics studies at times seems to consist of fiefdoms grouped around objects of study like graphic novels, superhero comic books, comic strips and extreme ouliers like editorial cartoons. This chapter offers some initial observations on works that have shaped the field to date through a small study of citation rates of authors working in the field.
Reading Spaces
Authors: Kelp-Stebbins Katherine
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines comics at the level of the page by considering the cultural techniques of reading and spatial navigation. The page, it is argued, is the space in comics where readers locate themselves politically and where, due to cultural and aesthetic conventions, readers may be dislocated and transformed. After first revisiting some theories of page layout in order to diagram how spatial orientation has been studied, the chapter then provides close readings of Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home, Leila Abdelrazaq’s Baddawi, and Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas’s Red: A Haida Manga. Focusing on the diversity of modes by which these comics both serve as and utilize spatial navigation according to paginal design—how they may be representations of space and spaces of representation simultaneously—it ultimately considers how comics and, in turn, how users, both artists and readers alike, activate and mobilize these technical possibilities into emergent forms of expression and meaning.
Marvell’s Unfortunate Lovers
Authors: Enterline Lynn
Published: March 2019

This chapter situates Marvell’s lyric interrogations of gender and desire within the discursive and historical parameters of his classicism, paying particular attention to the rhetorical practices of the pedagogical institution in which he first learned to play Latin language games. It demonstrates that the way Marvell repurposes ancient precursors requires us to think rigorously about the terrain his explorations of desire share with non-normative psychoanalytic theory. Like Freud in his most radical moments, Marvell represents ‘love’ as an enigmatic phenomenon requiring further interrogation. The institutional language games at issue in the first half are ekphrasis, exempla, and sententiae—‘unfortunate’ figures for love that anticipate psychoanalytic theories of narcissism and primary masochism. The second half follows Marvell’s talent for prosopopoeia, the Roman practice of inventing voices for ancient characters, as he reimagines inherited narratives about gender and desire in the voice of a pubescent nymph as yet unfamiliar with adult sexual meanings.
Marvell and Print Culture
Authors: Augustine Matthew C.
Published: March 2019

The starting point of this chapter is Marvell’s cautious relationship to publication and publicity generally and to print publication in particular. On what terms or under what conditions was publication through the press to be avoided or pursued? What were the nature of Marvell’s interactions with the various actors, institutions, and technologies of print culture throughout his career? We have a reasonably good idea of Marvell’s intimacy with the world of print as a Restoration politician and polemicist—though his ingenious manipulations of the material form of the book still bear more scrutiny. But we have some way to go in understanding Marvell’s strategic appearances in—and indeed disappearances from—printed works before 1660. For Marvell the MP, secrecy and pseudo-identity belong clearly to the arts of influence; can the same be said for the lyric poet, or is his fragmentary and reluctant identity as a print author part of some other story?
Visualizing Marvell
Authors: Acheson Katherine
Published: March 2019

Marvell’s poetry is distinguished by its preoccupation with forms, practices, and theories of the visual and plastic arts. Among the many fields of visual culture in which Marvell’s imagination played is that of print itself. This chapter focuses on visual features of print that might contribute to our understanding of Marvell’s identity as a poet within the culture in which his work circulated. First, the chapter considers Marvell’s early printed elegies and commendatory verses and how their layout represents the early modern poet in print. Second, the chapter considers the frontispiece portrait of Marvell printed in Miscellaneous Poems in the context of seventeenth-century portraits of poets and in relation to critical reception of his work in more recent times. The chapter demonstrates how visual evidence can lead to deeper understanding of how poets imagined themselves and their work in relation to their audiences, their genres and modes, and their peers.
Marvell and Music
Authors: Wilcox Helen
Published: March 2019

This chapter investigates the relationship between music and Marvell’s poetry. Beginning with a detailed reading of ‘Music’s Empire’, the discussion then proceeds to consider three main musical qualities of Marvell’s verse. First, the poems are shown to have been written with music in mind, imagining or anticipating the frameworks of melody, harmony, and rhythm for his lyrics and dialogues. Second, the poems celebrate the power of music not only by being rich with musical metaphors but also by being consistently and richly alert to the sense of hearing. Third, the chapter suggests that Marvell’s poems turn to musical ideas as a way of characterizing the profound spiritual and political matters of his lifetime. The chapter ends with an account of some actual musical settings of his verse, drawing on early modern and more recent examples of composers’ interpretative responses to his poems.
Marvell’s Classical Similitudes
Authors: Paleit Edward
Published: March 2019

This chapter tries to isolate what is distinctive about Marvell’s lyric voice, by examining his comparisons with classical history and literature. It argues that his poetry is both reassured and repelled by ideas of decorum and resemblance, especially in relation to poetic ‘wit’, a category his verse regularly identifies with political prudence. This dividedness is demonstrated by exploring Marvell’s running obsession with classical architectural motifs and his fascination with the problematics of translation and pastoral figuration. It is partly derived, the chapter argues, from a heightened sense of contemporary historical rupture, and the pressures which civil war, regicide, and Protectorate placed on timely (that is, historically decorous) action or utterance. But it is also, it suggests, linked to more personal fears of alienation and self-exposure.
Marvell’s ‘Nymph Complaining’ and the Erotics of Vitalism
Authors: Marcus Leah S.
Published: March 2019

This enigmatic complaint has been studied in terms of a number of registers: political and ecocritical, relating to the English Civil War and its devastation of the countryside; Ovidian, relating to the Nymph’s desire to be metamorphosed into part of the natural world as a way of monumentalizing and assimilating her grief; ecclesiastical, relating to traditional images of the English Church as a hortus conclusus; and many others. This chapter briefly surveys these various strangs of meaning and then considers an understudied seventeenth-century context that helps tie them together: vitalist materialist thought, which posited an empathic relationship among humans, elements of nature, and even objects like stones, which we now are likely to consider inanimate. Recent vitalist materialist theorists like Bruno Latour and Jane Bennett interpret earlier vitalist ideas as a reaction against Descartes and his violent separation of the human from the non-human, which ruled out the potential for sub-human entities to feel emotion. But long before Descartes, vitalism flourished in England, thanks to Galenic and Paracelsian medicine, the Hermetic Books and Kabbala, and various other sources. In light of vitalist thinking in England at mid-century, Marvell’s poem can be read as a project for keeping the connections between humans and the natural world alive even amidst the wrenching changes alluded to in the poem.
‘Upon Appleton House’
Authors: Werlin Julianne
Published: March 2019

This chapter argues that Marvell’s ‘Upon Appleton House’ (1651) responds to the reassessment of public and private life in England following the elimination of the court. Whereas for earlier poets the private household had provided a powerful analogy for political rule, for Marvell, writing at the conclusion of the civil wars, domesticity stands in stark opposition to public affairs. Yet Marvell’s vision of a new national landscape raises insistent problems for his own verse, for it is not obvious that poets have a place within its topography. At the centre of the poem, in his descriptions of Nun Appleton’s meadows and woods, he considers this problem in detail in scenes that imagine the vanished court, demonstrating the aesthetic consequences of political change.
Andrew Marvell’s Letters
Authors: Harris Johanna
Published: March 2019

Marvell’s letters to friends reveal far more than the ‘gazetteering’ tones of his allegedly ‘colourless’ corporation letters. They are exceptional for their candidness, their intimations of Marvell’s religious and political sympathies, and their warmth. They are epistulae ad familiares, ‘letters to friends’, in the fullest Ciceronian sense of the term ‘familiar’, further demonstrating Marvell’s propensity for colourful adversarial exchange. They also function as a private rehearsal space for Marvell’s coded, politically charged wit. The primary focus of this essay is Marvell’s six extant letters to Sir Edward Harley, in the contexts of The Rehearsal Transpros’d (1672) and Mr. Smirke: Or, The Divine in Mode (1676).
The Rehearsal Transpros’d and the Rehearsal Transpros’d:The Second Part
Authors: Garganigo Alex
Published: March 2019

In his exuberant bestseller The Rehearsal Transpros’d (1672‒3), Marvell deploys Menippean satire to parry Samuel Parker’s bullying intolerance and lobby Parliament to extend the royal indulgence for Dissenters. This chapter traces Marvell’s debts to the Menippean tradition with its many voices, identifying within that tradition a ‘conciliar’ strain that values group decision-making in councils and thus consensus and conciliation. Gleefully mingling verse and prose, jest and earnest, high and low, drama and religion, the oral and the written, ad hominem and general attacks, Marvell allows the genre’s characteristic heterogeneity to underscore the value of religious and political pluralism.
The Commissioning, Writing, and Printing of Mr. Smirke
Authors: Dzelzainis Martin , Coster Steph
Published: March 2019

When Mr. Smirke; or, the Divine in Mode appeared in May 1676 it outraged the Anglican establishment. Branded a ‘sheet so seditious and defamatory to Christian Religion’, the authorities moved swiftly to have it suppressed. Yet while Marvell’s authorship was common knowledge, no action was taken against anyone but the publisher, Nathaniel Ponder, who was briefly detained in the Gatehouse. To date there has been no satisfactory scholarly account of the genesis of Mr. Smirke or the puzzling government reaction. This chapter revisits the origins of Mr. Smirke, examining newly discovered archival materials and bibliographical evidence to illuminate the circumstances of its printing and publication, and, with it, Marvell’s seeming immunity. It also reconsiders Marvell’s relationship with Sir Edward Harley and the significance of his Puritan politics by way of underlining the implausibility of the allegation that Marvell was somehow denigrating Christianity in Mr. Smirke.
Marvell, Political Print, and Picturing the Catholic
Authors: Packham Kendra
Published: March 2019

This chapter takes a fresh look at the formal and rhetorical techniques of a text that played a key role in Marvell’s reputation, An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government. Re-examining Marvell’s engagement with and contribution to political print culture, the chapter considers the Account’s connections with an earlier product of this culture—the ‘Parliamentarian’ history of John Rushworth—and how, in satirizing the Cavalier Parliament as an agent of ‘arbitrary government’, the Account made contact with a genre of ‘election literature’ which also exposed ‘affairs of state’ to wider scrutiny. Moving on to reconsider Marvell’s treatment of Catholicism, the chapter reviews new evidence for the Account’s afterlife in officially ‘anti-Catholic’ England, and suggests that this ‘anti-popery’ work offers a window onto a society in which different discourses about ‘the Catholic’ circulated openly, and could be adopted in response to particular political conditions.
Marvell’s French Spirit
Authors: McDowell Nicholas
Published: March 2019

In what is probably the most influential essay ever written on Marvell, T. S. Eliot suggested that Marvell was among those men who ‘supported the Commonwealth’ but who were not stereotypically Puritan: they were rather ‘men of education and culture, even of travel, [and] some of them were exposed to that spirit of the age which was coming to be the French spirit of the age’. This chapter seeks to develop a more contextualized sense of the ways in which a ‘French spirit’ animates Marvell’s poetry, particularly the early lyric and pastoral verse. It does so by reconstructing the cultural and social contexts, both in France and England, in which Marvell would have encountered French libertin poetry of the mid-seventeenth century—a poetry characterized by its engagement with sceptical and Epicurean philosophies and its openness to varieties of sexual experience.
Marvell and Waller
Authors: Raylor Timothy
Published: March 2019

Marvell’s appropriations, revisions, and corrections of Waller’s panegyrics on the courts of Charles I and II and on the Protector are well known, but reveal only one aspect of the connections between the two writers. The traffic went both ways: not only did Marvell appropriate Waller, Waller also responded to Marvell. And although the tension between them is now typically assigned to ideological opposition, such differences are often amplified by hindsight. The two men certainly clashed over the Second Dutch War, but both appear to have been strong early supporters of the Duke of York’s faction, which promoted the war for national glory and enrichment. The friction between Marvell and Waller may have been in large part the effect of social and institutional proximity, and perhaps involved a degree of resentment on the part of the hard-working younger poet for the apparently effortless success of his senior rival.
Bodleian Library MS Eng. Poet. d.49
Authors: Purkiss Diane
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines one of the most important manuscripts connected with Andrew Marvell: Bodleian Library Eng. Poet d.49, a hybrid manuscript which has influenced many editors. It argues that interpretation of this manuscript has been controversial because many interpreters have failed to notice the way in which it has been subject to a variety of reframings and repurposings. The result, the chapter argues, is that its identity has been layered, with a miscellany imposed upon what was originally a corrected and amplified version of the printed sheets of Marvell’s 1681 Miscellaneous Poems. It also argues that the original purpose of the manuscript can still be usefully discerned beneath the layers. The chapter also discusses a number of other Marvell manuscripts.
The Evolving Corporation
Authors: Clarke Thomas , O’Brien Justin
Published: March 2019

The primary objective of this Handbook of the Corporation is to contribute to the development of the theory and practice of the corporation. The core rationale of the Handbook is to review and question how the debates on the corporation have evolved from Berle and Means onwards. The editors are convinced of the relevance of Berle and Means’ insights to contemporary corporate dilemmas. However the analysis must be set in a totally different context. Berle and Means were writing about American corporations that were becoming increasingly dominant in the US economy in the 1930s. It is now a different technologically transformed and interconnected world. To whom is the corporation responsible and to whom accountable among transient and competing interests? Who judges or should judge the ultimate performance of corporations and by what measures? This analysis maps the contours of the multidimensional impact of the innovative corporation, and how this is being negotiated.