bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Frailty on Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Cushing Disease Using the Multicenter Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders Registry
Authors: Findlay Matthew C. , Rennert Robert C. , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Couldwell William T. , Evans James J. , Collopy Sarah , Kim Won , Delery William , Pacione Donato R. , Kim Albert H. , Silverstein Julie M. , Kanga Mridu , Chicoine Michael R. , Gardner Paul A. , Valappil Benita , Abdallah Hussein , Sarris Christina E. , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Torok Ildiko E. , Low Trevor M. , Crocker Tomiko A. , Yuen Kevin C. J. , Vigo Vera , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Kshettry Varun R. , Little Andrew S. , Karsy Michael
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Despite growing interest in how patient frailty affects outcomes (eg, in neuro-oncology), its role after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease (CD) remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of frailty on CD outcomes using the Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID) data set from a collaboration of US academic pituitary centers.

METHODS:

Data on consecutive surgically treated patients with CD (2011-2023) were compiled using the 11-factor modified frailty index. Patients were classified as fit (score, 0-1), managing well (score, 2-3), and mildly frail (score, 4-5). Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine outcomes.

RESULTS:

Data were analyzed for 318 patients (193 fit, 113 managing well, 12 mildly frail). Compared with fit and managing well patients, mildly frail patients were older (mean ± SD 39.7 ± 14.2 and 48.9 ± 12.2 vs 49.4 ± 8.9 years, P < .001) but did not different by sex, race, and other factors. They had significantly longer hospitalizations (3.7 ± 2.0 and 4.5 ± 3.5 vs 5.3 ± 3.5 days, P = .02), even after multivariable analysis (β = 1.01, P = .007) adjusted for known predictors of prolonged hospitalization (age, Knosp grade, surgeon experience, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, complications, frailty). Patients with mild frailty were more commonly discharged to skilled nursing facilities (0.5% [1/192] and 4.5% [5/112] vs 25% [3/12], P < .001). Most patients underwent gross total resection (84.4% [163/193] and 79.6% [90/113] vs 83% [10/12]). No difference in overall complications was observed; however, venous thromboembolism was more common in mildly frail (8%, 1/12) than in fit (0.5%, 1/193) and managing well (2.7%, 3/113) patients (P = .04). No difference was found in 90-day readmission rates.

CONCLUSION:

These results demonstrate that mild frailty predicts CD surgical outcomes and may inform preoperative risk stratification. Frailty-influenced outcomes other than age and tumor characteristics may be useful for prognostication. Future studies can help identify strategies to reduce disease burden for frail patients with hypercortisolemia.
Delay in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Irshad Hammad Atif , Shariq Syeda Fatima , Khan Muhammad Ali Akbar , Shaikh Taha , Kakar Wasila Gul , Shakir Muhammad , Hankinson Todd C. , Enam Syed Ather
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Vague symptoms and a lack of pathognomonic features hinder the timely diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs). However, patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) must also bear the brunt of a multitude of additional factors contributing to diagnostic delays and subsequently affecting survival. Therefore, this study aims to assess these factors and quantify the durations associated with diagnostic delays for PBTs in LMICs.

METHODS:

A systematic review of extant literature regarding children from LMICs diagnosed with brain tumors was conducted. Articles published before June 2023 were identified using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model through R Statistical Software. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS:

A total of 40 studies including 2483 patients with PBT from 21 LMICs were identified. Overall, nonspecific symptoms (62.5%) and socioeconomic status (45.0%) were the most frequently reported factors contributing to diagnostic delays. Potential sources of patient-associated delay included lack of parental awareness (45.0%) and financial constraints (42.5%). Factors contributing to health care system delays included misdiagnoses (42.5%) and improper referrals (32.5%). A pooled mean prediagnostic symptomatic interval was calculated to be 230.77 days (127.58-333.96), the patient-associated delay was 146.02 days (16.47-275.57), and the health care system delay was 225.05 days (−64.79 to 514.89).

CONCLUSION:

A multitude of factors contribute to diagnostic delays in LMICs. The disproportionate effect of these factors is demonstrated by the long interval between symptom onset and the definitive diagnosis of PBTs in LMICs, when compared with high-income countries. While evidence-based policy recommendations may improve the pace of diagnosis, policy makers will need to be cognizant of the unique challenges patients and health care systems face in LMICs.
Caenorhabditis elegans germ granules accumulate hundreds of low translation mRNAs with no systematic preference for germ cell fate regulators
Authors: Scholl Alyshia , Liu Yihong , Seydoux Geraldine
Published: July 2024

In animals with germ plasm, embryonic germline precursors inherit germ granules, condensates proposed to regulate mRNAs coding for germ cell fate determinants. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mRNAs are recruited to germ granules by MEG-3, a sequence non-specific RNA-binding protein that forms stabilizing interfacial clusters on germ granules. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we confirmed that 441 MEG-3-bound transcripts are distributed in a pattern consistent with enrichment in germ granules. Thirteen are related to transcripts reported in germ granules in Drosophila or Nasonia. The majority, however, are low-translation maternal transcripts required for embryogenesis that are not maintained preferentially in the nascent germline. Granule enrichment raises the concentration of certain transcripts in germ plasm but is not essential to regulate mRNA translation or stability. Our findings suggest that only a minority of germ granule-associated transcripts contribute to germ cell fate in C. elegans and that the vast majority function as non-specific scaffolds for MEG-3.
Mycb and Mych stimulate Müller glial cell reprogramming and proliferation in the uninjured and injured zebrafish retina
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Jui Jonathan , Sahu Aresh , Goldman Daniel
Published: July 2024

In the injured zebrafish retina, Müller glial cells (MG) reprogram to adopt retinal stem cell properties and regenerate damaged neurons. The strongest zebrafish reprogramming factors might be good candidates for stimulating a similar regenerative response by mammalian MG. Myc proteins are potent reprogramming factors that can stimulate cellular plasticity in differentiated cells; however, their role in MG reprogramming and retina regeneration remains poorly explored. Here, we report that retinal injury stimulates mycb and mych expression and that, although both Mycb and Mych stimulate MG reprogramming and proliferation, only Mych enhances retinal neuron apoptosis. RNA-sequencing analysis of wild-type, mychmut and mycbmut fish revealed that Mycb and Mych regulate ∼40% and ∼16%, respectively, of the genes contributing to the regeneration-associated transcriptome of MG. Of these genes, those that are induced are biased towards regulation of ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell division, which are the top cellular processes affected by retinal injury, suggesting that Mycb and Mych are potent MG reprogramming factors. Consistent with this, forced expression of either of these proteins is sufficient to stimulate MG proliferation in the uninjured retina.
Translating multiscale research in rare disease
Authors: Hooper Kirsty M. , Justice Monica J. , Lek Monkol , Liu Karen J. , Rauen Katherine A.
Published: July 2024

Summary: This Editorial introduces DMM's new Special Issue on ‘Translating Multiscale Research in Rare Disease’. The Guest Editors reflect on how articles in the issue advance the rare disease research field.
Outcome of Patients with Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer Who Have Subsequent Pregnancies
Authors: Doll Alissa , Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , Sim Myung Shin , Baker Jennifer L. , Kapoor Nimmi S.
Published: July 2024

Background

After treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), some women desire future pregnancy. While safety of pregnancy after breast cancer has been demonstrated, the same cannot be said about women with PABC.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of patients with PABC with subsequent pregnancies compared with those without another pregnancy.

Methods

A retrospective chart review identified patients diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy or within 5 years postpartum between 2011 and 2023. Patients were then screened for further pregnancy. Clinicopathologic variables, oncologic outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare patients with subsequent pregnancy with those without. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate 5-year disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

Overall, 75 patients with PABC were identified, 58 of whom had PABC and no further pregnancies (NSP-PABC) and 17 with subsequent pregnancy (SP-PABC). Compared with patients with NSP-PABC, patients with SP-PABC were significantly younger (p = 0.015) and less likely to have prior pregnancies (p < 0.001). Overall median follow-up was 4.3 years. Calculated 5-year DFS rates were 86.2% and 89.0% for the SP-PABC and NSP-PABC groups, respectively (p = 0.76). Calculated 5-year overall survival was 100% and 90.7% for the SP-PABC and NSP-PABC groups, respectively (p = 0.22). Within the SP-PABC group, 14/17 patients had successful deliveries.

Conclusions

This study provides the first descriptions of patients with PABC and subsequent pregnancy. Additional investigation, likely with pooled analysis from multiple institutions, is necessary to determine the oncologic and obstetric safety of pregnancy following PABC.
Οι εφαρμογές κοινωνικής δικτύωσης ως μέσο ενίσχυσης της δια βίου μάθησης και της επαγγελματικής εξέλιξης των εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Κοσκέρης Ανδρέας
Published: July 2024

Η δικτύωση (γνωριμία, επαφή και ανταλλαγή εμπειριών και συμβουλών) αποτελεί ένα από τα βασικά εργαλεία υποστήριξης και προώθησης της επαγγελματικής καριέρας. Aποτελεί ένα μέσο της ενίσχυσης αποτελεσματικότητας στη δουλειά και στην ανάπτυξη της σταδιοδρομίας. Απαιτεί χρόνο, σκέψη, ικανότητα στη δράση, αλλά οι ανταμοιβές μακροπρόθεσμα μπορεί να είναι τεράστιες. Επιπρόσθετα η δικτύωση θεωρείται και ως σημαντικό κίνητρο συμμετοχής σε δράσεις εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων. Οι σύγχρονές εφαρμογές κοινωνικής δικτύωσης (WEB 2.0) αποτελούν ένα βασικό εργαλείο υποστήριξης της δια βίου μάθησης και της επαγγελματικής εξέλιξης καθώς προσφέρουν συνεχή και άμεση δυνατότητα για ανταλλαγή εμπειριών και απόκτηση νέων γνώσεων χωρίς κόστος σε χρόνο και χρήμα. Οι ευκαιρίες που προσφέρουν οι συγκεκριμένες εφαρμογές είναι ακόμα μεγαλύτερες μέσω της μεγάλης επέκτασης των κινητών συστημάτων και της ενσωμάτωσης εργαλείων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης σε αυτά. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι να μελετήσει ειδικά την επαγγελματική κατηγορία των εκπαιδευτικών να διερευνηθούν θέματα που σχετίζονται με την αποδοτική χρήση των εφαρμογών κοινωνικής δικτύωσης για την επαγγελματικής τους ανάπτυξη. Μέσα από μια σειρά ερευνητικών εργασιών, διερευνήσαμε τα παρακάτω ζητήματα: • Εμπόδια που αντιμετωπίζουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί για την αποτελεσματική αξιοποίηση των εργαλείων WEB 2.0 (Koskeris & Karalis, 2016) • Παραδείγματα εκπαιδευτικών πλαισίων για την υποστήριξη της αποτελεσματικής χρήσης των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης από εκπαιδευτικούς για συγκεκριμένους σκοπούς (Koskeris & Boufardea & Zoakou, 2018) • Αξιολόγηση του αντίκτυπου της χρήσης εργαλείων WEB 2.0 για την επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικών (Koskeris & Boura & Garofalakis, 2020) • Επαγγελματικές δεξιότητες που μπορούν να ενισχυθούν μέσω της κοινωνικής δικτύωσης και ποια εργαλεία είναι τα καταλληλότερα για αυτόν τον στόχο (Koskeris & Garofalakis, 2021) • Σχεδιασμός ενός γενικού προγράμματος κατάρτισης για εκπαιδευτικούς που θα τους βοηθήσει να αντιμετωπίσουν αποτελεσματικά τα εντοπισμένα μειονεκτήματα στην αποτελεσματική χρήση των εργαλείων WEB 2.0 για την επαγγελματική τους ανάπτυξη (Koskeris & Garofalakis, 2023).
The role of iodine in thyroid function and iodine impact on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - review
Authors: Malinka Zuzanna , Gmitrzuk Julita , Wiśniewska Katarzyna , Jachymek Anna , Opatowska Martyna , Jakubiec Joanna , Kucharski Tomasz , Piotrowska Marta
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Iodine is one of the most important micronutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. It is an essential component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, hormones produced and secreted by the thyroid gland. Severe iodine deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis and can lead to gland enlargement. This deficiency results in various disorders collectively termed iodine deficiency disorders. Not only iodine deficiency but also excess iodine intake can be harmful and affect thyroid function. Doses of iodine above physiological levels can result in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Numerous studies have linked chronic high iodine intake to an increased frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis. This review examines the mechanisms of iodine regulation and the role of excess iodine can play in the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present and summarize the role of iodine in thyroid function and its impact on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This review explains the potential increased risk of thyroid autoimmune disorder connected with iodine over-supplementation.
Materials and Methods: For this current literature review, the important studies published from 1986-2024 in PubMed database was searched. The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed with the following keywords: iodine, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis.
Conclusion: Iodine is crucial for thyroid health and fetal development, but its excessive intake can be harmful. Maintaining optimal levels of this microelement is essential to prevent both iodine deficiency and autoimmune disorders. Iodine supplementation is recommended only for pregnant and lactating women.
LIVROS DE PETER NEWELL: MATERIALIDADE, REPETIÇÃO, JOGO E O CONTEXTO MODERNISTA
Authors: Mazzuchelli Garcia Angelo
Published: July 2024

Propõe-se analisar os livros infantis produzidos pelo ilustrador, cartunista e escritor norte-americano Peter Newell (1862-1924) no âmbito da comunicação gráfica, considerando o livro em sua materialidade (livro-objeto, livro de artista etc.). A análise busca inserir conceitualmente a obra de Newell no contexto de sua produção: a era modernista. Apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre como Peter Newell e sua obra dialogam com a modernidade e, mais especificamente, com a vanguarda artística e os novos modos de perceber a arte, no sentido amplo. O objetivo não é apontar se Newell foi (ou não) um artista da vanguarda modernista; mas estabelecer liames com o contexto de sua produção contribui para melhor compreender sua obra. Estabelece-se também conexões da obra de Newell com os conceitos de repetição e jogo.
FAMILY COURTS AND CARE PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

The family court deals with some of the most sensitive cases involving vulnerable families, overseeing care proceedings, ensuring parents receive support and that decisions taken are in the best interests of children
Achieving natural facial harmonisation: a clinical review of Restylane facial filler
Authors: Waring Lisa
Published: July 2024

Facial fillers have become integral to aesthetic medicine, significantly enhancing facial features and restoring a youthful appearance ( Evans, 2019 ). Among the available fillers, achieving a ‘natural look’ is paramount to maintaining facial harmonisation ( Davis, 2020 ). This natural look ensures subtle enhancements that do not compromise an individual's inherent expressions and features ( Wilson, 2022 ). The increasing demand for natural-looking results underscores the necessity for products that deliver reliable, safe, and aesthetically pleasing outcomes ( Thompson and Robinson, 2021 ).
It's time to rethink ethics in aesthetics
Authors: Golby Arabella
Published: July 2024

What are the four pillars of aesthetics ethics, what do they mean and why are they important?
Striking Gold at The Royal Mint
Authors: Stirling Will
Published: July 2024

Collaboration with Rockwell Automation and a Canadian-based technology firm has helped the UK’s oldest company, The Royal Mint, to design and build a gold-recovery plant that will recycle more than 3,750 tonnes of printed circuit boards from electronic waste a year.
Recent advances in the management of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Nag Deb Sanjay , Chatterjee Abhishek , Patel Roushan , Sen Biswajit , Pal Bappa Ditya , Wadhwa Gunjan
Published: July 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a rapidly increasing global concern. If it remains untreated, it can lead to cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychiatric complications and may result in premature death. The efficient and effective management of OSA can have a beneficial effect and help reduce the financial burden on the health sector. There has been constant development in OSA management, and numerous options are available. The mainstay of therapy is still the conventional measures and behavioral modifications. However, in cases of failure of these modalities, surgical therapy is the only option. Numerous studies have shown that proper management of OSA has beneficial effects with good long-term outcomes.
Clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up in implant and orthodontic treatment for inclined adjacent teeth
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhou Shun-Cheng , Ma Yi-Hui , Wang Xiang , Dong Qing-Shan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Tooth defects can cause elongation of occlusal teeth, leading to insufficient repair space. The combination of dental implant restoration and orthodontic treatment of oblique adjacent teeth has a significant therapeutic effect.

AIM

To explore clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up of implant and orthodontic treatment for patients with inclined adjacent teeth.

METHODS

In total, 98 patients with oblique adjacent teeth were randomly assigned to implant restoration combined with orthodontic treatment (group A, n = 49) or to receive implant restoration alone (group B, n = 49). Changes in alveolar ridge bone density and apical bone density were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Changes in chewing function and language function were compared between the two groups of patients. Follow-up lasted for 12 mo after repair to observe any adverse reactions in the oral cavity.

RESULTS

The clinical effective rates of group A and group B were 97.96% and 85.71%, respectively, with group A having a higher clinical effective rate than group B. After treatment, the bone density of the alveolar ridge and apical bone in both groups decreased compared to before treatment, while the chewing and language functions improved. The changes in various indicators in group A were more significant. After treatment, the satisfaction rate of group A (97.96%) was higher than that of group B (79.59%). The incidence of adverse reactions in group A (2.04%) was lower than that in group B (24.49%).

CONCLUSION

The amalgamation of implant restoration and orthodontic treatment for adjacent tilted teeth demonstrates notable clinical efficacy, diminishes alveolar bone resorption, and fosters patient functional rehabilitation while exhibiting negligible adverse reactions.
Study on Stability Analysis Method of Loess Slope Based on Catastrophe Theory – A Case Study of Loess Slope in Yili, Xinjiang
Authors: Wei Mao , Muhemaier Ruheiyan , Xuejun Liu , Shuqiang Chen , Yanjun Li
Published: July 2024

Based on the mutation theory, the paper studies the stability of loess slope, and discusses the loess slope in Yili region in Xinjiang. From the perspective of mechanics, the paper focuses on the influence of mutation phenomenon on the stability of loess slope, and deeply analyzes the mechanical mechanism in the mutation process. As an effective tool to study the phenomenon of discontinuous change, mutation theory has important applications in the stability analysis of loess slopes. By applying the mutation theory, the mutation characteristics of the loess slope in the Xinjiang Yili area were analyzed. In terms of mechanical mechanism, the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and the instability mode are discussed in detail. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, it is found that when the slope stress reaches a certain critical value, mutation will occur, leading in a sharp decline of slope stability. Specific data show that in a typical loess slope in Yili area, when the stress reaches about 0.6 MPa, the slope changes, and the displacement instantly increases to more than twice the original, indicating that the slope has been in a state of instability. In the case study of loess slope in Yili, Xinjiang, the slope stability is comprehensively evaluated by combining field investigation to monitoring data and indoor test. By identifying and analyzing the mutation characteristics of the slope, it is found that there are widespread subsidence and disintegration problems in this area, which play a key role in the mutation process. The specific data show that the subsidence coefficient of the loess slope in Yili area is generally above 0.05, and the disintegration rate is more than 0.5% per hour. These factors jointly aggravate the mutation risk of the slope. Based on the above data analysis, the paper puts forward targeted disaster prevention and mitigation measures, including strengthening slope drainage, using appropriate reinforcement technology, etc. These measures aim to reduce the risk of mutation and improve the stability of the loess slope.
Friends, experts or witches: doing feminist research in challenging political contexts
Authors: Ahrens Petra , Gaweda Barbara , Berthet Valentine , Kantola Johanna , Miller Cherry
Published: July 2024

The article explores methodological and ethical tensions arising from positionality and reflexivity while doing feminist research in a challenging parliamentary setting, specifically one that includes radical-right populist actors that use anti-gender rhetoric. Reflecting upon positionality is vital for qualitative researchers, especially those engaged in critical feminist research, where gendered power hierarchies between researchers and their environment demand daily manoeuvring and subsequent analytical concern. We explore how the gender of the researchers, gender equality as a research topic, our feminist positionalities, and intersectional aspects shaped the research process in the context of the European Parliament. The article contributes to the literature on feminist positionalities and reflexivity by discussing not only the ambiguities emerging from our empirical research choices, such as engaging with radical-right actors, but also the other ‘critical ingredients’ that feminism handles, such as identities, relationships, power and affects, reflecting how they are interwoven with relationships and interactions in the field.
Deer in the Poppies
Authors: Pritchett Laura
Published: July 2024

Abstract: “Since the fire, she’d taken to plinking the deer on the butt with the BB gun, which she figured felt like a small fingerpick, given that the distance was so great. Her brothers had shot her with BB guns at a much closer range, after all, and it was never catastrophic, so she supposed she shouldn’t feel guilty.”
Dressing the cusp: how paraxial sharp-edge diffraction theory solves a basic issue in catastrophe optics
Authors: Borghi Riccardo
Published: July 2024

The description of light diffraction using catastrophe optics is one of the most intriguing theoretical inventions in the field of classical optics of the last four decades. Its practical implementation has faced some resistance over the years, mainly due to the difficulty of decorating the different (topologically speaking) types of optical singularities (caustics) that concur to build the skeleton on which diffraction patterns stem. Such a fundamental dressing problem has been solved in the past only for the so-called fold, which lies at the bottom of the hierarchy of structurally stable caustics. Climbing this hierarchy implies considerably more challenging mathematical problems to be solved. An ancient mathematical theorem is employed here to find the complete solution of the dressing problem for the cusp, which is placed, in the stable caustic hierarchy, immediately after the fold. The other ingredient used for achieving such an important theoretical result is the paraxial version of the boundary diffraction wave theory, whose tight connection with catastrophe optics has recently been emphasized [Opt. Lett. 41, 3114 (2016)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.41.003114]. A significant example of the developed algorithm, aimed at demonstrating its effectiveness and ease of implementation, is also presented.
Diffraction by gratings: from the C-method to the stochastic C-method
Authors: Chandezon Jean , Granet Gérard
Published: July 2024

The Chandezon, or C-method, is an efficient and versatile numerical method for modeling diffraction problems involving smooth surface relief gratings. For some grating profiles, the C-method is limited when the height-to-period ratio exceeds a factor of three. This is due to the formation of ill-conditioned matrices for inversion. Here, the stochastic C-method (SCM) is introduced as a solution that leverages stochastic differential equations to overcome these numerical difficulties. The SCM is developed by altering the physical model of the grating profile function to include an additive Brownian noise component. The inclusion of noise dramatically expands the applicability of the C-method and enriches the physical model. Numerical experiments show that the SCM achieves a precision on the order of 10−5 for diffracted/transmitted amplitudes on sinusoidal profiles with height-to-period ratios as high as 72. These results are in agreement with those obtained using multi-precision and the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).
Anapole states and transverse displacement sensing based on the interaction between cylindrical vector beams and Au core-Si shell nanodisks
Authors: Zhang Zhaokun , Zhu Zhihong
Published: July 2024

Precise optical control at the nanoscale is crucial for advancing photonic devices and sensing technologies. Herein, we theoretically introduce what we believe to be a novel approach for nano-optical manipulation, employing Au core-Si shell nanodisks interacting with tightly focused cylindrical vector beams to achieve electric and magnetic anapole states. Our investigations unveil that the interplay between individual nanodisks and radially polarized beams (RPBs) located in the center of RPBs yields a position-dependent electric anapole state. Conversely, under illumination by azimuthally polarized beams (APBs), the electric anapole state exhibits independence from the nanodisk's positioning and is accompanied by significant magnetic dipole excitations. Furthermore, the interaction between APBs and nanodisk multimers enables the formation of a magnetic anapole state, marking an advancement in nano-optical control. This study further explores the application of the position-dependent electric anapole state for nanoscale transverse displacement sensing, which allows for precise determination of the nanodisk's position within a plane. These findings not only facilitate versatile control over anapole states but also set a foundation for integrated displacement sensing technologies on-chip.
Spatial-spectral encoding and dictionary optimization in compressive single-pixel hyperspectral imaging based on mutual coherence minimization
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Xinyu , Xu Zhou , Zhang Qiangbo , Wang Chang , Zheng Zhenrong
Published: July 2024

A single-pixel detector based hyperspectral system provides an effective way to obtain the spatial-spectral information of target scenes. However, complex spectral dispersion and the substantial number of measurements not only increase the complexity of the system but also decrease the sampling efficiency and the reconstruction accuracy. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing (CS) theory based single-pixel hyperspectral imaging system. Based on structured illumination, the spatial information is modulated by binary spatial patterns displayed on a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), while polarizing elements at specific angles, acting as a serious of filters, modulate the spectral dimension, effectively avoiding spectral dispersion. In terms of sampling efficiency, the application of CS significantly decreases the number of measurements required compared to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. Besides, to improve the reconstruction accuracy, mutual coherence minimization is employed to optimize the pre-trained dictionary, spatial patterns and filters. Furthermore, a two-step encoding method based on macro-pixel segmentation is proposed to address the issue of low resolution constrained by the size of the dictionary. Compared to the unoptimized system and dictionary, the proposed method achieves more accurate reconstruction results in both spectral and spatial dimensions. This work may provide opportunities for high-resolution single-pixel hyperspectral imaging systems based on CS.
Energy Efficient in Open Optical Transport
Authors: ASAHI KOJI
Published: July 2024

We will share energy efficient use cases using open optical systems and our activities on them.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
How ICT can Positively Impact the Environment
Authors: Percelsi Alessandro
Published: July 2024

In many sectors, ICT can significantly decrease global GHG emissions, optimizing resource use. However, ICT industry relies on high resource-demanding infrastructures: sustainable processes and efficiency are mandatory for ICT operators to reach full environmental benefits.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Assessment of Fixed Network Energy Efficiency
Authors: Gemma Paolo
Published: July 2024

This presentation offers insights into network efficiency standardization efforts and guidance on assessing Scope 3 emissions and ICT's enablement effect. Learn about monitoring network efficiency and evaluating the broader impact of digital technologies.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Reconfigurable Photonics and Flexible AI Systems
Authors: Steinbrecher Gregory
Published: July 2024

As AI systems evolve, the distinction between the scale-out network connecting nodes and the scale-up interconnect inside is being lost. How can optical interconnects help best leverage the ever-more-expensive components inside and outside a node?

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Fully Integrated Coherent Lidar Chip
Authors: Asghari Mehdi
Published: July 2024

In this presentation we will report on our latest progress in integrating multiple channels and solid state scanning into a single chip and applications of the technology to different markets from 1m to Km range.

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Recent Developments in Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Marquardt Christoph
Published: July 2024

I will introduce the principles and requirements of quantum key distribution in realistic scenarios and applications. Furthermore I will highlight advances and developments in the field in the technical and architectural domain.

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NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile Electro-Optically Programmable Gate Array
Authors: Majumdar Arka
Published: July 2024

In this talk, I will discuss different phase change materials that can be used in conjunction with silicon and silicon nitride photonics, to create reconfigurable optical switches for visible and infrared wavelengths

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Breaking Down the Interconnect Bottleneck - a Third Dimension
Authors: Schaevitz Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Passage™ is a fundamental shift in design and packaging that replaces silicon substrates with a programmable silicon photonic interposer, enabling the scale up and out required by the AI/ML network topologies of new data centers.

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Keeping up With and Enabling Moore’s Law: Role of Photonics I/O
Authors: Nagra Amit
Published: July 2024

Intel presents its perspective on how photonic integration can enable similar performance scaling as Moore’s Law for package I/O with higher data throughput and lower energy consumption, to support the emerging AI infrastructure needs.

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Photonic Integrated Circuits for Quantum Computing
Authors: Epping Jörn
Published: July 2024

In this talk the requirements of integrated photonic circuits for quantum computing will be presented. Integrated photonic modules, e.g. for processors and source, have stringent demand for schemes such as photonic QC and ion traps.

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Existing and Emerging Market Opportunities for Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing
Authors: Dickinson Paul
Published: July 2024

Through Broadcom and Datacom, optical fibers provide an ever-increasing mesh spanning the globe. In this presentation we’ll discuss multi-use trends where distributed fiber optic sensing, using existing fibers, now provides novel capabilities for multiple market applications.

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The "Killer App" is That the Fiber Already Exists!
Authors: Wellbrock Glenn , Xia Tiejun
Published: July 2024

We wouldn't even be talking about fiber sensing if it required the placement of new specialty fibers, but the fact that we can leverage our existing cables enables countless applications! We will explore many in this paper.

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Progression From Discrete Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing in the Railway Industry
Authors: Lee Kang-Kuen
Published: July 2024

Electromagnetic interference is abundant in railways and conventional sensors would require lots of filtering. With FBG sensors no filtering is required and ideal for the monitoring of mission critical systems in the railways. Will report on the successful applications of FBG sensors for CBM in the railways.

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The quantum Gaussian–Schell model: a link between classical and quantum optics
Authors: Dawkins Riley B. , Hong Mingyuan , You Chenglong , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S.
Published: July 2024

The quantum theory of the electromagnetic field uncovered that classical forms of light were indeed produced by distinct superpositions of nonclassical multiphoton wave packets. This situation prevails for partially coherent light, the most common kind of classical light. Here, for the first time, to our knowledge, we demonstrate the extraction of the constituent multiphoton quantum systems of a partially coherent light field. We shift from the realm of classical optics to the domain of quantum optics via a quantum representation of partially coherent light using its complex-Gaussian statistical properties. Our formulation of the quantum Gaussian–Schell model (GSM) unveils the possibility of performing photon-number-resolving (PNR) detection to isolate the constituent quantum multiphoton wave packets of a classical light field. We experimentally verified the coherence properties of isolated vacuum systems and wave packets with up to 16 photons. Our findings not only demonstrate the possibility of observing quantum properties of classical macroscopic objects but also establish a fundamental bridge between the classical and quantum worlds.
Simultaneous imaging and element differentiation by energy-resolved x-ray absorption ghost imaging
Authors: Xie Jin-Tao , Tan Jun-Hao , Bie Shu-Hang , Li Ming-Fei , Chen Li-Ming , Wu Ling-An
Published: July 2024

Based on the x-ray absorption edges of different elements, we simultaneously image and distinguish the composition of three differently shaped components of an object by using energy-resolved x-ray absorption ghost imaging (GI). The initial x-ray beam is spatially modulated by a series of Hadamard matrix masks, and the object is composed of three pieces of Mo, Ag, and Sn foil in the shape of a triangle, square, and circle, respectively. The transmitted x-ray intensity is measured by an energy-resolved single-pixel detector with a spectral resolution better than 0.8 keV. Through correlation of the transmission spectra with the corresponding Hadamard patterns, the spectral image of the sample is reconstructed, with a spatial resolution of 108 µm. Our experiment demonstrates a practical application of spectral ghost imaging, which has important potential for the noninvasive analysis of material composition and distribution in biology, medical science, and many other fields.
Retroreflective optical ISAC using OFDM: channel modeling and performance analysis
Authors: Cui Yuanxin , Chen Chen , Cai Yueping , Zeng Zhihong , Liu Min , Ye Jia , Shao Sihua , Haas Harald
Published: July 2024

In this Letter, we propose and investigate a retroreflective optical
integrated sensing and communication (RO-ISAC) system using orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and corner cube reflector
(CCR). To accurately model the reflected sensing channel of the
RO-ISAC system, both a point source model and an area source model are
proposed according to the two main types of light sources that are
widely used. Detailed theoretical and experimental results are
presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed channel models and
evaluate the communication and sensing performance of the considered
RO-ISAC system.
Ultra-precise, sub-picometer tunable free spectral range in a parabolic microresonator induced by optical fiber bending
Authors: Crespo-Ballesteros Manuel , Sumetsky Misha
Published: July 2024

Surface nanoscale axial photonic (SNAP) microresonators are fabricated
on silica optical fibers, leveraging silica’s outstanding material and
mechanical properties. These properties allow for precise control over
the microresonators’ dimension, shape, and mode structure, a key
feature for reconfigurable photonic circuits. Such circuits find
applications in high-speed communications, optical computing, and
optical frequency combs (OFCs). However, consistently producing SNAP
microresonators with equally spaced eigenmodes has remained
challenging. In this study, we introduce a method to induce a SNAP
microresonator with a parabolic profile. We accomplish this by bending
a silica optical fiber in a controlled manner using two linear stages.
This approach achieves a uniform free spectral range (FSR) as narrow
as 1 pm across more than 45 modes. We further demonstrate that the FSR
of the SNAP microresonator can be continuously adjusted over a range
nearly as wide as one FSR itself, specifically from 1.09 to 1.72 pm,
with a precision of ±0.01 pm and high repeatability. Given its compact
size and tuning capability, this SNAP microresonator is highly
promising for various applications, including the generation of
tunable low-repetition-rate OFC and delay lines.
Experimental evidence on the feasibility of employing a replica symmetry breaking classification random laser
Authors: Xia Jiangying , Wang Erlei , Hu Lei , Du Wenyu , Yu Benli , Xie Kang , Zhang Junxi , Lu Liang , Hu Zhijia
Published: July 2024

Replica symmetry breaking (RSB) has been introduced in a random laser
to investigate the interactions between disorder and fluctuations. In
this work, the dynamic difference between four non-energy transfer and
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-assisted random laser systems
is investigated based on RSB. It is found that FRET is one of the key
factors influencing RSB, and it is demonstrated that RSB in a random
laser is not robust. This dynamic difference can be attributed to the
different disorders induced by the gain mechanism in different random
laser systems. This provides experimental evidence and theoretical
support for the classification feasibility of RL with different
emission mechanisms employing RSB.
Dipolar Huygens–Kerker radiation for surface waves
Authors: Chen Xuhuinan , Wang Chan , Zhong Yuhan , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng , Lin Xiao
Published: July 2024

Exotic dipolar radiation with zero light emission in one direction but maximal light emission in the opposite direction was envisioned by Huygens in 1690, and it could emerge in vacuum if the ratio between the source’s electric and magnetic dipole moments fulfills the Kerker condition as revealed by Kerker in 1983. Due to its intricate connection with both the Huygens principle and Kerker condition, this radiation phenomenon is suggested to be termed as dipolar Huygens–Kerker radiation, and at this moment, the ratio is termed as the Huygens–Kerker ratio. However, the dipolar Huygens–Kerker radiation remains underexplored in non-vacuum matters, inside which the source locates, especially for surface waves. Here we find that the dipolar Huygens–Kerker radiation of surface waves in principle could occur in non-vacuum matters and is essentially featured with the same normalized radiation pattern, which is closely related to the inclination factor that appears in the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Moreover, the corresponding Huygens–Kerker ratio is intrinsically determined by the phase velocity of excited surface waves. To be specific, the Huygens–Kerker ratio is proportional to the phase velocity for transverse-magnetic surface waves but becomes inversely proportional to the phase velocity for transverse-electric surface waves.
Curve-Single Slit, Non-Parallel Double Slit, Curve-Double Slit,
Non-Parallel-Curve Double Slit Experiments --- PhotoWave Effects
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: July 2024

The single slit and double slit (where two slit are parallel) experiments are two profound experiments in Physical/quantum optics. In this article, we study the variety of the optical experiments, including cross single slit, curve-single slit, non-parallel double slit, curve-double slit, non-parallel curve-double slit experiments. The experiments show the following novel following patterns.

Hourglass-shape diffraction pattern of a Curve-single slit

Ring-shape interference pattern with spot at center of a ring

Hybrid pattern of a non-parallel double slit

Arc-shape and point-symmetry interference patterns of a curve-double slit

Butterfly-shape interference pattern of a non-parallel-curve-double slit
The experiments show that it is photons that produce wave-like patterns, referred to it as PhotoWave phenomena. It is a challenge to interpret all PhotoWave experiments consistently and completely.
PARE: A framework for removal of confounding effects from any distance-based dimension reduction method
Authors: Chen Andrew A. , Clark Kelly , Dewey Blake E. , DuVal Anna , Pellegrini Nicole , Nair Govind , Jalkh Youmna , Khalil Samar , Zurawski Jon , Calabresi Peter A. , Reich Daniel S. , Bakshi Rohit , Shou Haochang , Shinohara Russell T. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative
Published: July 2024

Dimension reduction tools preserving similarity and graph structure such as t-SNE and UMAP can capture complex biological patterns in high-dimensional data. However, these tools typically are not designed to separate effects of interest from unwanted effects due to confounders. We introduce the partial embedding (PARE) framework, which enables removal of confounders from any distance-based dimension reduction method. We then develop partial t-SNE and partial UMAP and apply these methods to genomic and neuroimaging data. For lower-dimensional visualization, our results show that the PARE framework can remove batch effects in single-cell sequencing data as well as separate clinical and technical variability in neuroimaging measures. We demonstrate that the PARE framework extends dimension reduction methods to highlight biological patterns of interest while effectively removing confounding effects.
HAPI: An efficient Hybrid Feature Engineering-based Approach for Propaganda Identification in social media
Authors: Khanday Akib Mohi Ud Din , Wani Mudasir Ahmad , Rabani Syed Tanzeel , Khan Qamar Rayees , Abd El-Latif Ahmed A.
Published: July 2024

Social media platforms serve as communication tools where users freely share information regardless of its accuracy. Propaganda on these platforms refers to the dissemination of biased or deceptive information aimed at influencing public opinion, encompassing various forms such as political campaigns, fake news, and conspiracy theories. This study introduces a Hybrid Feature Engineering Approach for Propaganda Identification (HAPI), designed to detect propaganda in text-based content like news articles and social media posts. HAPI combines conventional feature engineering methods with machine learning techniques to achieve high accuracy in propaganda detection. This study is conducted on data collected from Twitter via its API, and an annotation scheme is proposed to categorize tweets into binary classes (propaganda and non-propaganda). Hybrid feature engineering entails the amalgamation of various features, including Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Bag of Words (BoW), Sentimental features, and tweet length, among others. Multiple Machine Learning classifiers undergo training and evaluation utilizing the proposed methodology, leveraging a selection of 40 pertinent features identified through the hybrid feature selection technique. All the selected algorithms including Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Logistic Regression (LR) achieved promising results. The SVM-based HaPi (SVM-HaPi) exhibits superior performance among traditional algorithms, achieving precision, recall, F-Measure, and overall accuracy of 0.69, 0.69, 0.69, and 69.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed approach is compared to well-known existing approaches where it overperformed most of the studies on several evaluation metrics. This research contributes to the development of a comprehensive system tailored for propaganda identification in textual content. Nonetheless, the purview of propaganda detection transcends textual data alone. Deep learning algorithms like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) offer the capability to manage multimodal data, incorporating text, images, audio, and video, thereby considering not only the content itself but also its presentation and contextual nuances during dissemination.