bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empathy
Authors: Maibom Heidi L.
Published: February 2023

Empathy is a vicarious psychological reaction to the situation or psychological state of another. It may involve any, or all of, emotional contagion, sympathy, perspective taking (simulation), or affective empathy. Philosophers usually use ‘empathy’ to refer to an emotional reaction to another person’s emotion or situation that matches, more or less, what the other person feels or is expected to feel, and that has as its object the other person. In principle, one can empathise with any emotion, although empathic sadness and distress are the most commonly discussed in the literature. Empathy includes awareness that one experiences an emotion for another, whereas emotional contagion involves feeling an emotion another feels but without any such awareness. Emotional contagion is only documented in personal encounters when one is in the presence of another. By contrast to empathy and emotional contagion, sympathy is an emotion directed towards another’s welfare, but is rarely similar to the emotion the person feels. According to the psychological literature, sympathy (or empathic concern) either involves or causes altruistic motivation to help those in need. Perspective taking, sometimes called ‘cognitive empathy’, primarily describes an epistemic or cognitive state as opposed to an emotional or affective state. Sometimes people use ‘cognitive empathy’ to describe any type of understanding one might have of another. But more often, it is used to describe the act of putting oneself in another person’s situation. The knowledge gained from such a perspective shift is thought to be significantly different from that which one might gain from one’s own point of view.
The ethics of parenting
Authors: Gheaus Anca
Published: February 2023

To be a parent comprises two different functions, procreating and childrearing. In practice, they are usually bundled: most procreators also rear their offspring, and hence are their parents in both senses.

However, procreation and childrearing are distinct analytically, and sometimes also practically. People have always procreated children whom they could not or did not want to raise. And the rise of artificial reproductive technologies makes it possible for increasing numbers of people to raise children whom they did not procreate.

Moreover, the two aspects of parenting lend themselves to different normative analyses. The most relevant ethical questions concerning procreation are: is it ever morally permissible to procreate? Under what conditions is procreation permissible? Do people have a right to procreate as often as they wish? Could there ever be a duty to procreate? What duties do procreators have towards their offspring? Is one of these duties a duty to rear one’s offspring oneself? And does being somebody’s procreator entail that you have a right to rear that person? All talk of rights in this entry refers to moral rights, unless indicated otherwise.

The main ethical questions about childrearing are: is the family a legitimate institution, or should we raise children in state institutions? What are the grounds of a right to rear in general? What are the grounds of the right to rear a particular child? What rights do rearers have in relation to their children? What duties do they have? And what are the tasks and virtues of parents?

A common and widely acknowledged feature of both the ethics of procreation and the ethics of childrearing concerns how parenting impacts third parties – that is, individuals other than parents and their children. Neither procreation nor particular ways of rearing children can be legitimate if they are conducted in ways that violate third parties’ rights (Vallentyne 2003). For instance, procreation impacts on ecological sustainability. This is why some philosophers believe that one can only exercise the right to procreate once or twice (Overall 2012; Conly 2016). More generally, to settle issues of intergenerational justice, one must first address questions concerning the population size in each generation (Meijers 2017). Further, it is plausible that childrearers’ actions can generate negative externalities – for instance, due to children’s inadequate socialisation – which childrearers ought to rectify or compensate.

Procreation also raises questions of non-person affecting value, such as optimum population size (see also: Population and ethics).
Ethics of health promotion
Authors: Brown Rebecca C.H.
Published: February 2023

Attempts by states and other organisations to promote people’s health make use of a number of different tools and target various different groups and behaviours. These activities raise ethical questions about what kinds of approaches to promoting health are justified and on what basis. This article summarises what health promotion typically involves, some of the tools that are often used, and how considerations of responsibility and the impact of social position on health can influence the permissibility of different approaches to health promotion.
Timelessness, metaphysics of
Authors: Baron Samuel
Published: February 2023

The metaphysics of timelessness focuses on the idea that time does not exist. To understand what this means, it is important to first gain a conceptual grip on what time is. Through an understanding of the concept of time, it is possible to differentiate between two types of timeless theory: Type-A theories, that deny the existence of time at fundamental and non-fundamental levels, and Type-B theories, that deny the existence of time at the fundamental level only. There are two broad motivations for timelessness. The first is a philosophical motivation, and is based on the dispensability of time for explaining physical reality. The second is a scientific argument, and is based on the elimination of time from theories of quantum gravitation. All timeless theories face two substantial problems. First: the observation problem. This is the problem of explaining how there could be any empirical evidence in favour of a timeless theory given that the process of gathering empirical evidence is, itself, a process that presupposes the existence of time. Second: the reconstruction project. This is the problem of recovering the various phenomena that seem to exist and that also seem to presuppose the existence of time, phenomena such as causation, change, consciousness and agency. The philosophical nature of both problems combined with the scientific basis for taking timelessness seriously makes the topic of timelessness one area in which philosophy and science come to inform one another, presenting exciting opportunities for collaborative research.
Modal Epistemology
Authors: Black Tim
Published: February 2023

Modal epistemologies maintain that a belief counts as knowledge only if there is an appropriate modal connection between that belief and the facts of the matter that make that belief true: a belief counts as knowledge only if it is actually true – true, as we might say, in the actual world, the world as it actually is – and true throughout a specified range of nonactual possible worlds: the world as it might have been. Modal epistemologies were developed primarily as a response to the problem of epistemic luck, where beliefs fail to count as knowledge because, although they are in fact true, the reasons that make them true are different from our reasons for holding those beliefs. Three main modal epistemologies are on the market today: those that include a sensitivity condition on knowledge, those that include a safety condition on knowledge, and anti-risk epistemologies. Sensitivity theories suggest that one’s beliefs count as knowledge only if one’s beliefs are sensitive to the truth, that is, only if one would not hold those beliefs if they were false. Safety theories suggest that one’s beliefs count as knowledge only if they could not easily have been false. Put more precisely, safety theories suggest that one’s beliefs count as knowledge only if one would hold those beliefs only if they were true. Safety theories and sensitivity theories are meant to respond to the problem of epistemic luck by specifying conditions that, when satisfied, ensure that our beliefs are not true accidentally, coincidentally or simply as a matter of luck. Anti-risk theories are being developed as an alternative to anti-luck modal epistemologies. According to anti-risk theories, our beliefs cannot count as knowledge if our holding them is too epistemically risky, that is, when the possibility of our beliefs’ being false rather than true is too close. Knowledge as a concept seems to anti-risk theorists to be incompatible with high degrees of epistemic risk but easier to come by as the epistemic risks move farther away.
Obligation, political
Authors: Simmons A. John
Published: February 2023

The problem of political obligation has been one of the central concerns of political philosophy throughout the history of the subject. Political obligations are the moral obligations of citizens to support and comply with the requirements of their political authorities; and the problem of political obligation is that of understanding why (or if) citizens in various kinds of states are bound by such obligations. Most theorists conservatively assume that typical citizens in reasonably just states are in fact bound by these obligations. They take the problem to be that of advancing an account of the ground(s) or justification(s) of political obligation that is consistent with affirming widespread obligations. Other theorists, however, anarchists prominent among them, do not accept the conservative assumption, leaving open the possibility that the best theory of political obligation may entail that few, if any, citizens in actual states have political obligations.

Much of the modern debate about political obligation consists of attempts either to defend or to move beyond the alleged defects of voluntarist theories. Voluntarists maintain that only our own voluntary acts (such as freely consenting to the authority of our governments) can bind us to obedience. Because actual political societies appear not to be voluntary associations, however, voluntarism seems unable to satisfy conservative theoretical ambitions. Many theorists turn as a result to nonvoluntarist theories of political obligation, attempting to ground obligations in the receipt by citizens of the benefits governments supply, in the communal or associative obligations involved in citizens’ social and political roles or identities, or in the moral quality of their political institutions. Anarchists and other sceptics reject instead the conservative ambitions of such theories, defending positions that entail that all or most citizens even in just or decent states simply have no political obligations.
Consciousness, Higher-Order Theories of
Authors: Brown Richard
Published: February 2023

Higher-order theories are theories of phenomenal consciousness. Phenomenal consciousness is the property of there being something that it is like for one to have an experience. Something that it is like from the point of view of the organism. According to the higher-order approach, an organism is phenomenally conscious just in case it has an appropriate kind of inner awareness of itself as being in some mental state or other. So, when one consciously believes that Kentucky is south New York one is aware of oneself as believing that Kentucky is south of New York. Similarly, when one consciously sees red, or experiences fear, one is aware of oneself as seeing red or being afraid.

The relevant kind of inner awareness is what distinguishes the various kinds of higher-order theories. One might think that the right kind of inner awareness would be a kind of inner perception. Yet contemporary psychology and neuroscience do not seem to support the idea of a kind of inner sense. We do, in addition, become aware of things by thinking about them as being present. This has inspired the higher-order thought theory of consciousness, which was first explicitly developed in the 1990s.

There are many different kinds of higher-order thought theories. One version, the Relational Model, claims that the first-order state is transformed into a phenomenally conscious state when one becomes aware of that very state via having a higher-order thought. In addition, there are Joint-Determination Models which hold that the higher-order content and first-order content are part of the same mental state. These come in at least two varieties: the Same-Order Model and the Split-Level Model. These are distinguished by how they respond to worries about misrepresentation. In addition, there are Non-relational models which hold that the relevant higher-order state determines what it is like for one to have a conscious experience. Finally, there are non-standard higher-order theories that appeal to acquaintance or mental quotation.
Distinct Angles and Angle Chains in Three Dimensions
Authors: Ascoli Ruben , Betti Livia , Duke Jacob Lehmann , Liu Xuyan , Milgrim Wyatt , Miller Steven J. , Palsson Eyvindur A. , Acosta Francisco Romero , Iannuzzelli Santiago Velazquez
Published: February 2023

In 1946, Erd\H{o}s posed the distinct distance problem, which seeks to find
the minimum number of distinct distances between pairs of points selected from
any configuration of $n$ points in the plane. The problem has since been
explored along with many variants, including ones that extend it into higher
dimensions. Less studied but no less intriguing is Erd\H{o}s' distinct angle
problem, which seeks to find point configurations in the plane that minimize
the number of distinct angles. In their recent paper "Distinct Angles in
General Position," Fleischmann, Konyagin, Miller, Palsson, Pesikoff, and Wolf
use a logarithmic spiral to establish an upper bound of $O(n^2)$ on the minimum
number of distinct angles in the plane in general position, which prohibits
three points on any line or four on any circle.
We consider the question of distinct angles in three dimensions and provide
bounds on the minimum number of distinct angles in general position in this
setting. We focus on pinned variants of the question, and we examine explicit
constructions of point configurations in $\mathbb{R}^3$ which use
self-similarity to minimize the number of distinct angles. Furthermore, we
study a variant of the distinct angles question regarding distinct angle chains
and provide bounds on the minimum number of distinct chains in $\mathbb{R}^2$
and $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Analysis of the Bioactive Compounds from Carica papaya in the Management of Psoriasis using Computational Techniques
Authors: Abdul-Hammed Misbaudeen , Adedotun Ibrahim Olaide , Afolabi Tolulope Irapada Afolabi , Ismail Ubeydat Temitope , Akande Praise Toluwalase , Issa Balqees Funmilayo
Published: February 2023

Psoriasis is a persistent and mysterious autoimmune skin condition that affects 2-3% of the world’s population. Currently, topical therapies, light therapy, and systemic drugs are the three main forms of treatment used to lessen inflammation and skin irritation/itching. However, all these treatments are only used to manage the disease each time it surfaces. Therefore, the main target of this work is to search for a safer and more effective remedy for psoriasis from the reservoir of phytochemicals present in Carica papaya via in silico studies due to its anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Reported phytochemicals isolated from Carica papaya were subjected to computational simulations using the PyRx docking tool and were docked against Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) and Tumor necrosis factor \aplha (TNF\aplha) target receptors. The results obtained were visualized using PyMol, and Biovia 2019. Analysis of the results identified both Chlorogenic acid and Coumaroylquinic-acid with docking scores (-8.6 kcal/mol and -7.9 kcal/mol) respectively as potential inhibitors for the JAK1 receptor. The identified compounds also possessed excellent ADMET, drug-likeness, bioactivity, and activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction properties. Their binding mode and the molecular interactions with the targets also affirmed their potency. In comparison with the standards (Methotrexate and Cyclosporine), Chlorogenic acid and Coumaroylquinic-acid have better ADMET properties, binding affinities, drug-likeness, PASS properties, bioactivities, oral bioavailability, binding mechanism, and interactions with the active site of the target receptor and are hereby recommended for further analysis towards the development of a new therapeutic agent for psoriasis treatment and management.
Traditional Media at the Beginning of the Unknown
Authors: Narin Ayse , Temel Eğinli Ayşen , Deviren Cemile Kübra
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to find how TV news programs, as part of traditional media source, supply the needs of public within the uncertainty management theory and information-seeking scope during the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic. A thematic analysis of first four streaming of each TV news programs with the first four highest ratings between March 18th and May 1th 2020 in Turkey was chosen for this study. This period was chosen because it was the first peak of the pandemic in Turkey when people felt uncertain and needed more information about their health. The results have shown that the uncertainty and information gaps have also been reflected in TV programs including the information provided by the experts. This study also reveals that in cases which concern public health, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional media continues to play a significant role in meeting the information needs of the society, and that the traditional media also uses social media’s speed in conveying information. We suggest that future studies may focus on the interaction of traditional media and social media in meeting information-seeking behaviours and managing uncertainty to acquire more data.
Language of Existential Experience of a Person in the Digital Age
Authors: Gulevataya Anastasia N. , Penner Regina V.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the problem of the existential feasible in the digital. The relevance of the problem is gaining weight in the so-called digital age, when the objectives in the human world are represented by technology and the technological. The following questions from the 20th century are becoming relevant again: the relationship between a person and technology; the future of a person and technology; the human / existential in the context of multiplying technology. In the 21st century, the digital can be seen as a cluster of external objectivity in the everyday life. The article raises questions about how the talk about the existential dimension in the digital age is possible; whether there are grounds of speaking about the dynamics of human existential conditions in the process of intensification of everything that is called digital today; and if yes, then in what format and with what language. Given these questions, we understand the digital as a special topos of human existence, a space of manifestation, “highlighting” the existential, which can be comprehended and conceptualized. In the digital age the human being remains, same as his/her existentials. In the markup of the digital, both the individual and the existentials are subject to serious transformation. This is illustrated by digital subjects, digital twins, digital traces/prints, which have an effect on the individual and his/her existential filling. From this we deduce the idea of digital anthropology as a new research field.
The “NMDNI” Project
Authors: Tselykovskiy Aleksey A. , Suslov Ivan V. , Ivanov Andrey G. , Sidorov Serguey P.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the social reception of the Soviet past in the contemporary Russian media practice. The authors proceeded from the hypothesis that the specifics of the reproduction and perception of media images representing the Soviet period of history can be revealed through the social phenomenon of nostalgia. The authors distinguish two types of nostalgia: reflexive and restorative. The research interest is focused on the reflexive type of nostalgia as a process of formation of mythologized and idealized images of the past. In addition, the study uses the concept of post-memory proposed by M. Hirsch. Leonid Parfyonov’s Internet project “NMDNI” was used as an example of such a mediator, which also represents a reflexive type of nostalgia. The purpose of the study was the viewers’ reaction to the content of the project. Thus, the aim of the article is to study the impact of the media strategies of constructing the image of the USSR on the YouTube audience. Active viewers’ reaction in the YouTube-project “NMDNI” allows us to consider Leonid Parfyonov as a significant subject of the construction of the post-memory of the Soviet Union. As a result of the analysis of the most popular comments, it was concluded that there is a public demand for reflective nostalgia as a way of perceiving the Soviet past.
Review of the Book “Peter I in Media Memory” by Denis S. Artamonov & Sophia V. Tikhonova
Authors: Suslov Ivan V.
Published: February 2023

The subject of the review is a monographic study by S. V. Tikhonova and D. S. Artamonov “Peter I in Media Memory”. The monograph consists of three chapters and fourteen paragraphs. Co-authors analyze in the first chapter (“Peter I in the Media Memory of the Digital Age”) the influence of traditional (radio, cinema, television) and new (digital, interactive, social) media on the collective memory. The second chapter (“Peter the Great in the Visual images of Media Memory”) contains a study of historical anecdotes, cartoons, Internet memes, animated films, computer games. The third chapter (“Constructing the image of Peter I in the media environment”) is devoted to the politics of memory and memorial wars around Peter I in comparison with the figures of media memory closest to him – Ivan the Terrible and I. V. Stalin.

D. S. Artamonov and S. V. Tikhonova believe that in the 21st century, new media begins to play a major role in constructing the image of Peter the Great. The reviewed monograph is a truly innovative and searching study, which suggests methods and forms of analyzing the memory of Peter I in contemporary society that can be used in the study of other epochs, personalities, events of world and national history.
The Phenomenon of Krotovukha in the Light of Epistemology
Authors: Zavyalova Elena E.
Published: February 2023

The subject of the study was one of the most viral Russian trends of the turn of 2022–2023: krotovukha, a tincture on a dead mole, which attracted attention of not only the Internet users, but also of doctors, restaurateurs, historians, and legislators. The aim of the research was to identify the reasons for active participation in communication on such a topic. It was found that the image of the mole is very much in demand in world culture. This is due to its otherness, its ability to act, to change space, to link the underworld with the mundane. Analysis of a video by an alcohol blogger from Moscow revealed the presence of initiation semantics attached to tasting. These types of publications become a modified version of the ritualised round drinking, as evidenced by patriotic themes and masculine accessories. The name itself already potentially contains the semantics of the familiar, the expressive, and the dearly beloved. A large number of memes demonstrate the strength of user reactions to krotovukha. The most comical effect is produced by stylistic disruption. The incredible effects of the “national” elixir are played off. The duality of perception of the character and the drink made from his body makes the recognisable image variable, polyvalent, and suitable for multiple transformations. The article concludes by noting that the recipe that went viral reflects a belief in sympathetic magic, the ritual power of sacrifice and the cosmogonic significance of the rite – the sacred timing of information dissemination.
Metamorfoza pojavnih oblika moći u međunarodnoj politici
Authors: Altaras Penda Ivor , Horvat Igor
Published: February 2023

Cilj je rada uvidjeti koji su pojavni oblici moći, kako se ti oblici s vremenom mijenjaju i isprepliću te što na to utječe. Analiza je rađena na primjeru Kine, točnije, kroz rad je prikazano kako Kina koristi pojedine oblike moći kao autoritarni politički sustav na čelu s Komunističkom partijom. Kroz rad nastoji se steći uvid i objasniti zašto se Kina oslanja na upotrebu oštre moći i kako je sve to povezano zajedničkim nazivnikom, ekonomskim interesom. U radu autori preispituju je li upravo politički ustroj Kine, kao i politički ustroj Zapada, komparativna prednost ili mana Kine u pogledu mogućnosti projekcije njezine moći (u kojem god obliku) te posljedično, kako to utječe na globalnu raspodjelu moći. U tu svrhu, u radu se daje pregled temeljnih pojavnih oblika moći: tvrde, meke i oštre moći te se zatim daje pregled tipičnih strategija Kine kojima ona projicira svoju moć. Naglasak je stavljen na meku i oštru moć, a nastoji se objasniti i uloga ekonomskog interesa. Kina, kao autoritarna država, izgrađena na temelju tzv. socijalizma s kineskim karakteristikama zadnjih desetljeća bilježi rapidan i konstantan ekonomski rast koji postaje glavno sredstvo i cilj njezinih djelovanja. Polako se, ali sigurno uzdiže na međunarodnom planu iskazujući sve jasnije tendencije preuzimanja primata geopolitičkog poretka svijeta, a njezin inovativan način projekcije moći koristi tradicionalne elemente, poput primjerice ratne strategije koju je iznio Sun Tzu, i asimetriju političkih sustava čime otvara vrata preraspodjeli moći u svijetu.
Analiza ubrzanja poslovnih procesa implementacijom aplikacije za godišnje odmore na odabranom primjeru iz zdravstva
Authors: Perkov Matej , Milenković Maja
Published: February 2023

Operacijski menadžment izvršava svoju ulogu i u proizvodnim i u uslužnim poduzećima jer svaka organizacija obavlja određene operacije. Neovisno o tome djeluje li u proizvodnom ili uslužnom poduzeću, operacijski menadžer mora poznavati načela upravljanja promjenama. U globalno umreženom svijetu, poslovanje svih sektora i industrija zahvaćeno je digitalnom transformacijom kao najvećom promjenom našeg doba. Studijom slučaja analizira se uvođenje aplikacije za godišnje odmore u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Sestre milosrdnice. Cilj rada bio je ukazati na povezanost ubrzanja poslovnih procesa i povećanja efikasnosti poslovanja praktičnom primjenom načela operacijskog menadžmenta i upravljanja organizacijskim promjenama. Na kraju se može kazati da je potvrđena postavljena hipoteza da se primjenom načela operacijskog menadžmenta i upravljanja promjenama organizacijski procesi mogu uspješno redizajnirati i ubrzati.
Upravljanje poslovnim rizicima u vanjskoj trgovini
Authors: Zovak Igor
Published: February 2023

Internacionalizacija poslovanja često uzrokuje pojačani intenzitet rizika koji se pojavljuje i na unutarnjem tržištu, kao i mnoge dodatne rizike, poput tečajnih rizika odnosno situacija koje proizlaze iz kulturoloških razlika. Poslovi na međunarodnom tržištu često su većeg opsega u smislu vrijednosti i količina, dok je roba u pravilu duže vrijeme u transportu, zbog čega su visina i učestalost šteta potencijalno znatno veće. Stoga je važno upravljanje rizicima kroz sustav identifikacije te odabira strategije za suočavanje s rizicima, bilo da se radi o eliminiranju, prihvaćanju, umanjivanju ili prebacivanju rizika na partnera, odnosno neku treću stranu. U radu je dan kratki pregled rizika te način upravljanja rizicima u vanjskoj trgovini.
Viša razina emocionalne inteligencije prodajnih djelatnika kao ključ uspješne prodaje
Authors: Ćosić Draženka , Buneta Anđelka , Ćorluka Ante
Published: February 2023

Volatilnost tržišta i dinamičnost promjena te sve veća konkurentnost zahtijevaju od prodajnih menadžera novi pristup i brzu prilagodbu u strategijama i taktikama nastupa prema kupcima i klijentima. Pet kritičnih područja emocionalne inteligencije: samosvijest, samoregulacija, socijalizacija, empatija i motivacija vještine su ključne za uspjeh u svim aspektima života, ali u prodaji mogu izraziti razliku između dobrog i izvrsnog prodavača. Posjedovanje višeg stupnja emocionalne inteligencije omogućuje prodavačima učinkovitije snalaženje u procesu prodaje koje ujedno pridonosi i njezinome većem uspjehu.
Utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na poslovanje platforme Uber
Authors: Lozić Joško , Fotova Čiković Katerina , Lozić Ines
Published: February 2023

Cilj je rada analizirati utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na poslovne rezultate globalne platforme Uber. U tom kontekstu, analizirat će se poslovni rezultati te trendovi broja korisnika prije i za vrijeme trajanja pandemije. U istraživanju se koriste službeni podaci koja je objavila korporacija Uber, a kombiniraju se s znanstvenom literaturom relevantnom za to područje istraživanja. Analiza se temelji na odabranim financijskim pokazateljima koji se stavljaju u odnos s odabranim pokazateljima kretanja broja korisnika. Istraživanje i analiza fokusira se na tri temeljna istraživačka pitanja koja odražavaju svrhu istraživanja. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali značajan utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na poslovne rezultate platforme. Isto tako, rezultati istraživanja ukazali su na uspješne menadžerske strategije diversifikacije prihoda kako bi se ublažio negativan utjecaj pandemije na ukupne prihode. Zaključno, COVID-19 značajno se odrazio na poslovni rezultat platforme. S jedne strane, u vrijeme pandemije COVID-19, odnosno zatvaranja gospodarstava, značajno su pali prihodi i broj vožnji u prijevozu putnika. S druge strane, platforma je značajno razvila poslovanje u segmentu prijevoza hrane i drugih potrepština na kućna vrata. Otvaranjem gospodarstava i vraćanjem u životne navike prije pandemije platforma se ubrzano vraća na prijašnje poslovne rezultate.
Relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor y funciones ejecutivas en la primera infancia de niños/as de 3 a 5 años.
Authors: Jara-Fuentes Neivith , Lepe-Martínez Nancy
Published: February 2023

El desarrollo psicomotor se entiende como la maduración del sistema nervioso central, el que va progresando a medida que el niño va cursando etapas de manera lineal y sistematizada. En relación con las funciones ejecutivas, estas se conocen como una serie de procesos mentales que permiten gestionar y coordinar los pensamientos, las respuestas emocionales y el comportamiento. El objetivo principal de investigación fue, analizar la relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor y funciones ejecutivas en niños entre 3 y 5 años. Para ello, se efectuó un estudio bibliográfico de revisión sistemática sobre el desarrollo psicomotor y las funciones ejecutivas en niños de 3 a 5 años de los últimos 10 años. Asimismo, se consideró la base de datos Scielo, y se utilizó la técnica de observación para la extracción de la información y se manipuló como instrumento de recolección de datos, fichas bibliográficas. Los hallazgos encontrados, detallan que el desarrollo psicomotor y las funciones ejecutivas tienen relación, dado a que presentan un valor predictor, en ciertos déficits del desarrollo infantil. Se puede concluir que el lenguaje, desarrollo social y motricidad se encuentran asociados a los procesos cognitivos, como la inhibición y memoria de trabajo. En este sentido, se cree relevante que, en este rango etario, dado lo temprano del desarrollo psicomotor y funciones ejecutivas, se forme a las educadoras de párvulos en esta temática para que puedan generar planes de intervención temprana adaptados para la promoción y prevención de ciertos déficits en el desarrollo de la primera infancia.
Embolismo gaseoso cerebral: a propósito de un caso de ictus masivo.
Authors: Canales-Pichén Diego , Vences Miguel A.
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El embolismo gaseoso cerebral es una entidad poco frecuente pero potencialmente fatal, el cual ocurre por la entrada de aire a la circulación sanguínea cerebral y es originada por múltiples causas entre ellas asociadas a procedimientos médicos. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 81 años que luego del retiro del catéter de alto flujo de hemodiálisis, inicia con deterioro del nivel de conciencia, el cual empeora progresivamente y en la tomografía cerebral se evidenciaron múltiples lesiones hipodensas, compatibles con embolismo gaseoso cerebral. Debido a su evolución tórpida pasa a la unidad de cuidados intensivos y fallece en horas posteriores. Conclusión: Es importante conocer las medidas preventivas para evitar la aparición de esta complicación y así mismo conocer las medidas generales y específicas a adoptar cuando ésta se presenta.
Immune and coagulation profiles in 3 adults with multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Yap Ruth Xian Lynn , Leung Bernard Pui Lam , Howe Hwee Siew , Loh Mung Ee , Young Barnaby Edward , Fan Bingwen Eugene , Lim Xin Rong
Published: February 2023

Introduction: There is a paucity of information on the cytokine, complement, endothelial activation, and coagulation profiles of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A), a rare but serious complication following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to examine the immune biomarker and coagulation profiles in association with the clinical presentation and course of MIS-A.
Method: The clinical features of MIS-A patients admitted to our tertiary hospital were documented. Their levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, complement activation product (complement 5a [C5a]), and endothelial biomarker intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels were assayed. The haemostatic profile was assessed with standard coagulation testing and thromboelastography.
Results: Three male patients were diagnosed with MIS-A at our centre from January to June 2022 with a median age of 55 years. All had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 12–62 days prior to MIS-A presentation, with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems as the most commonly involved. Levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IP-10 and MCP-1 were raised whereas IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α remained normal. Markedly elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and ICAM-1 were present in all. C5a was elevated in 2 patients. A hypercoagulable state was demonstrated by raised levels of D-dimer, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor antigen, and ristocetin cofactor with corresponding raised parameters in thromboelastography in the 2 patients who had their coagulation profile assessed.
Conclusion: MIS-A patients demonstrate activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, endotheliopathy, complement hyperactivation and hypercoagulability.

Keywords: COVID-19, cytokines, hypercoagulability, hyperinflammatory syndrome
Through the eyes into the brain, using artificial intelligence
Authors: Sathianvichitr Kanchalika , Lamoureux Oriana , Nakada Sakura , Tang Zhiqun , Schmetterer Leopold , Chen Christopher , Cheung Carol Y , Najjar Raymond P , Milea Dan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Detection of neurological conditions is of high importance in the current context of increasingly ageing populations. Imaging of the retina and the optic nerve head represents a unique opportunity to detect brain diseases, but requires specific human expertise. We review the current outcomes of artificial intelligence (AI) methods applied to retinal imaging for the detection of neurological and neuro-ophthalmic conditions.
Method: Current and emerging concepts related to the detection of neurological conditions, using AI-based investigations of the retina in patients with brain disease were examined and summarised.
Results: Papilloedema due to intracranial hypertension can be accurately identified with deep learning on standard retinal imaging at a human expert level. Emerging studies suggest that patients with Alzheimer’s disease can be discriminated from cognitively normal individuals, using AI applied to retinal images.
Conclusion: Recent AI-based systems dedicated to scalable retinal imaging have opened new perspectives for the detection of brain conditions directly or indirectly affecting retinal structures. However, further validation and implementation studies are required to better understand their potential value in clinical practice.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, deep learning, dementia, optic neuropathy, papilloedema
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Analysis to Selecting Best City for Opening Outlet of Grillto Indonesia
Authors:   Master of Business Administration, School of Business and Management Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132, Hardiansyah Alvin Zeri , Lestari Yuliani Dwi ,   Master of Business Administration, School of Business and Management Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132
Published: February 2023

The culinary business sector is a very popular one; apart from being a cultural identity, the culinary sector also plays a role in the country’s economy, being the largest contributor to Indonesia’s GDP in the creative industry. The rapid development of business in the culinary sector has made business actors continue to innovate, one of which is by taking advantage of the development and use of technology. Seeing this opportunity, Grillto Indonesia innovated to open a Cloud Kitchen outlet that only relied on online food delivery (OFD). Based on his considerations, Griilto Indonesia plans to open outlets in five potential cities, namely Medan, Pekanbaru, Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. This research focuses on determining two priority cities for the launching strategy. The method used in this study is multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The criteria for this method are determined based on literature reviews and the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. The results of the study show that the city of Pekanbaru and the city of Medan are the two highest in order, with a value of 0.3503 and 0.2332, respectively. Thus, Grillto Indonesia will open its first outlet in the cities of Pekanbaru and Medan.
The Development of Cookies from Modified Cassava Flour with Soy Isolate Protein (ISP) Substitution as an Alternative Supplementary Food for Pregnant Women with CED
Authors:   Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Harna Harna , Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani ,   Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Sa’pang Mertien ,   Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Irawan Andi Muh Asrul ,   Al-azhar University of Indonesia, Jakarta
Published: February 2023

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women can be caused by direct and indirect factors. The lack of energy and protein intake during pregnancy has been proven to increase the risk of CED in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the acceptability and organoleptic properties of panelists, as well as the nutritional content of cookies based on Modified Cassava Flour with soy protein isolate substitution. The study was conducted as experimental research and a Completely Randomized Design was used. The research was conducted from June to December 2022. This study, which involved the production of Modified Cassava Flour cookies with the substitution of isolated soy protein flour and hedonic testing, was conducted at the Culinary Laboratory of Universitas Esa Unggul. The statistical test used to see the difference in nutrient content between the treatment levels of Cookies was Anova test and Ducan’s advanced test. The research results showed that there was a significant difference in hedonic quality in terms of taste and texture (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in hedonic among formulas in terms of taste, color, aroma, and texture (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins among formulas (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study was that the best formula is F3, which can contribute to the energy and protein needed by pregnant women with CED.
Ectopic Fibres of Articularis Genu
Authors:   MBBS, MD Anatomy, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences (SLIMS) Pondicherry ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1651-4252, Deb Barma Mrinmayee , Ahlawat Harshvardhan ,   MBBS Intern, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Pondicherry ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8620-9267
Published: February 2023

Articularis genu is a vestigial muscle considered as the 5th part of the quadriceps. This is represented as the detached fibre bundles from the vastus intermedius. Morphologically the muscle is flat, thin, wispy. It shows highly variable attachments taking origin from the lower 1/4th of anterior surface area of the femoral shaft. Articularis genu may be considered as 5th head of quadriceps femoris. The variant morphology of the muscle may prevent incidental removal during total knee replacement, investigating osteoarthritis and so more.
Constructing a Model for Assessment of Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Internal Control System in Businesses in Vietnam
Authors:   Insurance Department, University of Labour and Social Affairs, Nguyen Nguyen Zen , Le Thi Xuan Huong ,   Insurance Department, University of Labour and Social Affairs, Nguyen Thuy Vinh ,   Insurance Department, University of Labour and Social Affairs, Tran Dang Quang ,   D18BH01, Insurance Department, University of Labour and Social Affairs
Published: February 2023

The article has provided a theoretical basis for internal control, internal control system in general and internal control system in enterprises in Vietnam. This study also presents the background theories as a basis to explain the impact of factors on the effectiveness of the internal control system, which are: Theory of regulation; delegation theory; institutional theory, uncertainty theory of organizations, and psychosocial theory of organizations. Based on the theoretical basis system that has been built and the underlying theories, the research team has built a proposed research model on the factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system in the company. Vietnamese life insurers, including: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and supervision.
Psychological outcomes of classroom-based physical activity interventions in children 6- to 12-year-olds: A scoping review
Authors: Robles Alejandra , Zapata-Lamana Rafael , Gutiérrez María Aurora , Cigarroa Igor , Nazar Gabriela , Salas-Bravo Carlos , Sánchez–López Mairena , Reyes-Molina Daniel
Published: February 2023

This scoping review synthesizes the evidence of the psychological outcomes of physical activity interventions in the classroom in children aged 6 to 12 years and describes the characteristics of the physical activity interventions implemented. We systematically searched in databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and SciELO, of randomized control trials published up to July 2020 of classroom-based physical activity interventions with children´s psychological health variables as outcomes. Sixteen trials (14,877 participants) with children aged 6 to 12 years were included. There were significant effects on several indicators of: a) psychological health outcomes: well-being, self-esteem, body image satisfaction b) self-efficacy and motivation to physical activity and c) behavior inside the classroom: self-regulation, bullying and disruptive behavior. The most effective interventions are those that included physical activity integrated into the curriculum 2-5 times a week, in sessions between 4' to 10', implemented mainly by the classroom teacher and with audio-visual support. However, the heterogeneity in program designs did not allow definitive conclusions. While psychological outcomes are mainly primary outcomes in the interventions studied, more evidence is required on other indicators of psychological health such as mental health symptoms. In addition, studies need to employ objective measures of physical activity to a better comprehension of their effects on psychological health of schoolchildren.
Keywords: Physical Activity; Children; Psychological health; Schools; Intervention; Scoping review.
Brecha de género en la participación de tareas motrices de educación física (Gender gap in the participation of physical education motor tasks)
Authors: Hall-López Javier Arturo , Ochoa-Martínez Paulina Yesica
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Comparar por sexo la participación en actividad física moderada a vigorosa en tareas motrices de educación física de estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria. Método: El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo comparativo, con muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 268 estudiantes de primaria con una edad promedio de 11.3 ± 0.4 años matriculados en sexto grado, se utilizó como instrumento de evaluación el Sistema para observar el tiempo de instrucción de actividad física (SOFIT), para determinar la actividad física moderada a vigorosa de 67 clases de educación física. Resultados: La igualdad de la varianza se calculó mediante la prueba t-Student para muestras independientes resultando por sexo menor a α≤ 0.05; encontrando diferencias significativas de participación en actividad física moderada vigorosa menores en mujeres que en hombre durante la clase de educación física (p<0.01) y un porcentaje de diferencia de 30.5 (Δ%) entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusión: Al identificar esta brecha de género en la participación de tareas motrices de Educación Física, se recomienda tomar acciones pedagógicas con participación cooperativa y simultanea de los estudiantes en actividad física moderada a vigorosa por lo menos el 50% del tiempo de la clase, y guiar contenidos educativos para involucrar en el movimiento a los estudiantes de ambos géneros, como lo establece la UNESCO para brindar una educación física de calidad.
Palabras clave: Educación Física, Escuela, Género, Intensidad de la tarea motriz.
Abstract. Objective: To compare by gender the participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity in physical education motor tasks of sixth grade students. Method: The research design was comparative descriptive, with convenience sampling, 268 primary school students with an average age of 11.3 ± 0.4 years enrolled in sixth grade participated, the System was used as an evaluation instrument to observe the instruction time of physical activity (SOFIT), to determine the moderate to vigorous physical activity of 67 physical education classes. Results: The equality of the variance was calculated using the t-Student test for independent samples, resulting by sex less than α≤ 0.05; finding significant differences in participation in moderately vigorous physical activity lower in women than in men during physical education class (p<0.01) and a percentage difference of 30.5 (Δ%) between men and women. Conclusion: When identifying this gender gap in the participation of physical education motor tasks, it is recommended to take pedagogical actions with cooperative and simultaneous participation of students in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 50% of class time, and guide educational content to involve students of both genders in movement, as established by UNESCO to provide quality physical education.
Keywords: Physical Education, School, Gender, Intensity of the motor task.