bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Strong State And Pancasila: Reflecting Human Rights in the Indonesian Democracy
Authors: Mutaqin Zezen Zaenal
Published: July 2018

The rights of every Indonesian citizens are protected by the 1945 Constitution. Does the reality matches with the normative regulations? Does democratization improves the protection of human rights especially in term of the religious freedom? We find that there is a discrepancy between the ideal written constitution and the reality. In this following essay I argue that the failure of Indonesian democratic regimes to protect human rights is the result of the lack of "stateness". The ideal of "stateness" is referring to Fukuyama idea that is "the ability of state to plan and execute policies and to enforce law". I will present the argument that the weakness of the administration cause by an ambiguity in the interpretation of the Indonesia ideology, Pancasila (the Five-Principles). This paper will firstly discuss the idea of strong state and its relation to the protection of human rights. Alongside the theoretical examination of the concept, I will discuss the weakness of democratic regimes in Indonesia to protect human rights. This will be followed by an examination of the core argument of the paper, argue that the principle cause of the state weakness lies on the ambiguity of the administration to interpret Pancasila.
Architecture of Indonesia's Checks and Balances
Authors: Chandranegara Ibnu Sina
Published: July 2018

Research on "checks and balances" in legal studies often raises high quality questions such as, is the checks and balances a doctrine, principle, or legal theory, or maybe precisely the formula of power in politics. History has been recorded that in any discussions regarding the formation of the constitutional separation, division and smelting power is something that is popular to be discussed before and even after becoming the constitution. Therefore, the casting of checks and balances into the constitution is an interesting study to determine the portion and posture. This study used using legal normative methodology. In addition, comparative studies on constitution was conducted using classic and modern constitutional law literature. Several approaches were used on this research such as, historical, political, economical approach on understanding the practice on checks and balance which stated in constitutions in some countries.
Constitutional Complaint and the Protection of Citizens the Constitutional Rights
Authors: Palguna I Dewa Gede
Published: July 2018

Constitutional complaint is one of important issues to be dealt with by severral countries issues adopting constitutional court in their national legal system and the Federal Constitutional Court Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) is considered by expert as one of the most advance mechanism among countries in dealing with the issue. Generally speaking, constitutional complaint can be described as a complaint or lawsuit filed by an individual citizen who deems his or her constitutional right (s) has been violates by act or omission of public institution or public official. Mostly, such a complaint can only be filed it theere is no other legal remedy available or all legal remedies available have been exhausted. The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia however is not entrusted with authority to hear constitutional complaint case not withstanding the fact that statistical data on judicial review cases filed by many petitioners before the Court were substantially constitutional complaint issues. It means that, empirically giving the Court to hear constitutional complaint case is necessarily pivotal and theoritically, the Court has the very foundation to be entrusted withq such authority. Considering the complex mechanism to amend the Constitution of 1945, which exhaustively deserible the court’s authorities, this article offers the lawmaker a theoretical insight tio give the Court a limited authority to hear constitutional complaint case by the way of amending the law on Constitutional Court.
Judicial Preview on the Bill on International Treaty Ratification
Authors: Sidharta Noor , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Nurjaya I Nyoman , Sugiri Bambang
Published: July 2018

This research is aimed to find and introduce a new idea on the state administration, which has implications on the international treaty ratification procedure followed by Indonesia and additional authorizations of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The judicial preview in this research is an international treaty examination procedure by the Constitutional Court before an international treaty is transformed into a law, i.e. such international treaty is a Bill. The judicial preview shall have different terms in each country, such as Review ex ante, abstract review, judicial review. This procedure is applied when an international treaty has not been validated as a country’s national law. The benefits of a judicial preview shall be a solution to connect an ambiguity between the state administrative law and international law. The judicial preview is also the inter-state institutions real check and balance on the international treaty. Out of benchmarking results of four countries following the monism doctrine, i.e. Russia, Germany, France, and Italty and two countries following the dualism doctrine, i.e. Hungary and Ecuador, several additional authorizations of the Constitutional Court shall be summarized, i.e. via the Amendment of 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and/or regulations via laws. If both manners are not possible, the Constitutional Court may apply the judicial preview as a state administrative practice. An international treaty draft, which has passed through the judicial preview, may not be submitted to the Constitutional Court to be performed a judicial review, unless 5 (five) year-period has passed since the bill is enacted as a law.
The Legal Logic of the Collapse on Non-Retroactive Doctrine in the Constitutional Court Decision
Authors: Muda Iskandar
Published: July 2018

The non-retroactive doctrine as a legal principle did not apply retroactively. In legal system of Indonesian; Article 28I paragraph (1) of 1945 Constitution determines that a human right can not be prosecuted based on retroactive law as well as rights that can not be reduced under any circumstances. Similarly Article 58 of Law No. 24 Year 2003 concerning Constitutional Court determines that a Law is being reviewed by the Constitutional Court is still applied, before there is decision stated that the law is contrary to the 1945 Constitution. However, with the use of “legal logic of implication relationships” in Constitutional Court Decision No. 110-111-112-113/PUU-VII/2009, the decision was made retroactive and it become the jurisprudence for the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-IX/2011 and Decision No. 13/PUU-XI/2013.
KAJIAN KISAH-KISAH DALAM AL-QUR’AN (tinjauan historis dalam memahami al-Qur’an)
Authors: Haris Abd
Published: July 2018

Story is a learning method turned out to have its own charm, can touch the feelings, psychological and thinking power of a person. The story has an invaluable educational function in a process of planting Islamic values and teachings. Al- Qur'an is not only discusses monotheism matters related to ubudiyah mankind, but also related to historical problems that occur in the preceding peoples, so that the human can take 'ibrah for the sake of improving the life to come on the ext future. In terminology, the word”story” is derived from the Arabic word, qassas. The word qassa s itself is the plural of the word qisas which is means the trail or tracing the former or the story (the story). As for the various stories in Al-Qur'an can be seen from several sides, point od view from the time of the event side, then also seen in material term or content of the story is described in Al-Qur'an. While the actor techniques in the Qur'an are art, religious forms and advice form. The purpose is to provide way of life and references to take lessons from some of the stories described in Al- Qur'an.
The Study of Madurese Social Dialect
Authors: Rohaniyah Jaftiyatur
Published: June 2018

The Madurese people are originally indigenous to the island of Madura, located in the Java Sea just north of East Java, and Madura is part of the province of Jawa Timur (East Java) which contains four cities in it; Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. Madurese language plays important roles in maintaining and developing Indonesian language. There are at least two major roles of Madurese language. The roles are; (1) the existence of Madurese language can be used as a shield of Indonesian language against the invasion of foreign languages, and (2) Madurese language can be functioned as a vocabulary donor of Indonesian language. Madurese language is interested to be analyzed because of its unique language features. Madurese has their own rules to arrange a proper conversation politely, just like Javanese and the other culture. They have their speechlevels engaged to social dialect that used in daily communication. It is because of some factors. This social dialect and its factors of Madurese language is discussed in this research.
Perbandingan Potensi Strategi Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dan Cooperative Script Dalam Memberdayakan Retensi Siswa Berkemampuan Akademik Rendah
Authors: Maharani Shefa Dwijayanti
Published: June 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk membandingkan potensi strategi pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching (RT) dan Cooperative Script (CS) dalam memberdayakan retensi hasil belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik rendah. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diperoleh pada saat pascates dan tes retensi dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Anacova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran tidak berbeda secara signifikan dalam memberdayakan retensi pada siswa berkemampuan akademik rendah. Dengan demikian, maka strategi pembelajaran RT maupun CS memiliki potensi yang sama untuk menolong siswa berkemampuan akademik rendah dalam memberdayakan retensi hasil belajarnya.
Pengembangan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Fakhriyani Diana Vidya
Published: June 2018

setiap individu memiliki beragam kemampuan yang berbeda. Bercermin dari keragaman kemampuan yang berbeda itu, hendaknya perlu dilakukan pelbagai cara dalam mengembangkan kemampuan tersebut. Salah satu kemampuan individu adalah kreativitas. Kreativitas merupakan suatu kemampuan yang penting untuk dikembangkan, pun di berbagai elemen pendidikan. Dalam hal ini, para pendidik memegang peranan yang penting untuk mengembangkan kemampuan tersebut. Kreativitas sangat penting untuk dikembangkan, karena kreativitas memiliki pengaruh besar dan cukup memberi andil dalam kehidupan seseorang, misalnya dalam prestasi akademik. Kreativitas merupakan suatu kemampuan yang tidak dibawa sejak lahir, namun dapat dipelajari dan dikembangkan, sehingga seyogyanya kemampuan ini dapat dikembangkan sejak dini. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masa-masa usia dini merupakan masa golden age, yang merupakan pondasi dari tahapan usia yang selanjutnya.
Pengembangan Karier Guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Ifadah Penjaringan Jakarta Utara
Authors: As'ad As'ad
Published: June 2018

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Al-Ifadah  berlokasi di kelurahan Penjaringan Jakarta Utara. Merupakan sekolah formal yang memadukan  kurikulum agama dan materi pengetahuan umum. Madrasah yang berdiri sejak tahun 1995 berada di tengah-tengah pemukiman padat penduduk. yang merupakan harapan masyarakat di lingkungan sekolah dalam memberikan pendidikan bagi anak-akanya. Banyak keterbatasan dan kekurangan di sekolah tersebut baik dari faktor internal  maupun eksternal sekolah. Kendala tersebut tidak membuat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Ifadah kalah bersaing dengan sekolah lain setingkatnya, justru banyak prestasi diraih. Selain prestasi akademik, pengembangan karier guru di sekolah tersebut cukup efektif dan optimal. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus (case study). Pengumpulan data diperoleh  dengan mewawancarai Kepala sekolah sebagai narasumber utama (key informan), guru senior sebagai pelaku sejarah, dan stakehorders sekolah sebagai penguatan dalam pengambilan data. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada dua program yang cukup efektif dalam pengembangan karier guru di MI Al-Ifadah 1) peningkatan pendidikan guru dari jenjang Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas hingga Perguruan Tinggi Program Stata Satu hingga program Pasca Sarjana. 2) Pelatihan,  dalam  workshop atau rapat kerja sekolah yang dilaksanakan sebelum tahun ajaran baru, pelatihan baik internal maupun eksternal sekolah merupakan salah satu agenda pembahasan yang pendapatkan perhatian dan salah satu program unggulan sekolah.
Innovative Structure of Marketing in the Digital Age
Authors: Gulmira Bakhodirovna Muminova
Published: June 2018

Rapid technological progress, and followed ultimate social trends promote a more collaborative mode of doing business. In fact, traditional idea of marketing has fundamentally upgraded to a new level with the ascension of innovative technologies. The opportunities enabled through modern technologies and social media (i.e. Internet, social networking, and smart technologies) increased the ease and scale of information exchange (sharing) to a global level. This movement can be viewed as the result of the digitalization of the global society from one side, and socialization of the Internet from the other side. The analysis of the relevant literature indicates that the development of the innovative marketing is influenced by two major factors: (1) technological progress (the growth of digital and social media); (2) the crucial and influential role of content.
Pengaruh Mutasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Universitas Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Magfirah
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mutasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di Universitas Sulawesi Barat dan mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 10 bulan (Maret - Desember 2016) di PTN. Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Luaran yang direncanakan yaitu rekayasa sosial berupa model kebijakan dalam mengembangkan sistem kepegawaian di Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Luaran Kedua yaitu berupa artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan di jurnal berISSN. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan metode sensus semua data pegawai yang mutasi di Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui kuisioner dan wawancara, sedangkan analisis data dengan menggunakan software SPSS dengan analisis Regresi Berganda.
Long term influences of age-education transition on the Brazilian labour market
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Rios-Neto Eduardo L G , Potter Joseph E
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to estimate the long term mean earnings of the male Brazilian population, taking into account the aging process of the population and the increase in educational attainment. Using census data, household sample surveys, as well as population and education projections, estimates indicate that an aging population and an increase in education will have a two percent impact on the annual growth of an average income in Brazil by 2050. The challenge for the future is to improve the proportion of the Brazilian population with completed college degrees.
Making sense of democratic institutions intertextually: Communication on social media as a civic literacy event preceding collective action
Authors: Mercea Dan
Published: July 2018

Communication on social media preceding coordinated street demonstrations is assayed for evidence of practice-based informal civic learning about conventional politics and mainstream media. This is done to offset a mounting interest in activist self-organisation and self-reflexivity with a scrutiny of networked communication as a civic literacy event. The article proposes that scepticism and criticality directed at media and political institutions provide fertile justification for their challenge, thereby rendering intertextual informal learning an expedient to collective action.
Casting doubt on the causal link between intelligence and age at first intercourse: A cross-generational sibling comparison design using the NLSY.
Authors: Garrison S. Mason , Rodgers Joseph Lee
Published: July 2018

Halpern et al. (2000) published a study based on early Add Health data with the provocative title “Smart Teens Don’t Have Sex (or Kiss Much Either).” Several following papers reported the same result, a positive correlation between the intelligence of adolescent girls and age at first intercourse (AFI). However, the causal mechanism has not been carefully investigated. Harden and Mendle (2011) used Add Health data within a biometrical design and found that the relationship between intelligence and AFI was fully accounted for by shared environmental differences, suggesting at least the location of the causal mechanism - the part of the household environment shared by siblings that influences both child intelligence and AFI. In this study, we use an intergenerational sibling comparison design to investigate the causal link between intelligence and AFI, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the NLSY-Children/Young Adult data. We measured maternal IQ using the AFQT, child IQ using PPVT, PIAT, and Digit Span, and AFI, using respondent self-report. Our analytic method used Kenny’s (2001) reciprocal standard dyad model. This model supported analyses treating the data as only between-family data (as in most past studies), and also allowed us to include both between- and within-family comparisons. These analyses included two forms, first a comparison of offspring of mothers in relation to maternal IQ, then a comparison of offspring themselves in relation to offspring IQ. When we evaluated the relationship between maternal/child intelligence and AFI, using a between-family design, we replicated earlier results; smart teens do appear to delay sex. In the within-family analyses, the relationship between intelligence and AFI vanishes for both maternal intelligence and child intelligence. The finding is robust across gender and age. These results suggest that the cause of the intelligence-AFI link is not intelligence per se, but rather differences between families (parental education, SES, etc.) that correlate with family-level (but not individual-level) intelligence.
Controlling the message: preschoolers’ use of information to teach and deceive others
Authors: Rhodes Marjorie , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Shafto Patrick , Chen Annie , Caglar Leyla
Published: July 2018

Effective communication entails the strategic presentation of information; good communicators present representative information to their listeners—information that is both consistent with the concept being communicated and also unlikely to support another concept a listener might consider. The present study examined whether preschool-age children effectively select information to manipulate others’ semantic knowledge, by testing how children choose information to teach or deceive their listeners. Results indicate that preschoolers indeed effectively select information to meet some specific communicative goals. When asked to teach others, children selected information that effectively spanned the concept of interest and avoided overly restrictive or overly general information; when asked to deceive others, they selected information consistent with the intended deceptive messages under some circumstances. Thus, preschool children possess remarkable abilities to select the best information to manipulate what others believe.
On ideas of evolution and the evolution of ideas: communicating traditions of scientific enquiry
Authors: Winder Nick , Winder Isabelle Catherine , Jefferson Bruce , Jeffrey Paul
Published: July 2018

That there was variation in the theories expounded by the major early thinkers on evolution is well established. What is less effectively articulated is how their intellectual ambitions and approaches to interpreting evidence reflect a deep-rooted difference in their views on what sort of systems, and problems evolution deals with; insights which speak directly to contemporary debates about how we communicate the nature of science with consequences for learning practice. We provide a re-reading of the perspectives adopted by those who formulated the central concepts of evolutionary theory to expose slender but persistent differences of emphasis. Our analysis contrasts the approaches to enquiry of three voyaging naturalists; Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, and Alfred Russel Wallace. This potted history is used to illustrate the relationship between different traditions of scientific enquiry, specifically the natural philosophy approach characteristic of Wallace’s work and the later Neo-Darwinists; Huxley’s more empirical, natural history approach that anticipated punctuated equilibria, and Darwin’s emphasis on agency and choice, which suggests a more humanistic mind-set. These understandings are used to propose a model of the structure of evolutionary science which has broader value as a motif for exploring and communicating the transitions between different modes of enquiry.
Ethical Hegemony
Authors: Friedman P. Kerim
Published: July 2018

Drawing upon Peter Ives’s book Gramsci’s Politics of Language, this article examines the linguistic origins of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony. This is then compared with Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the habitus, with a particular focus on how the two theories conceptualize social change. Ives shows that Gramsci understood language standardization as either democratic or repressive, depending on the nature of the standardization process. Ives uses this to argue that the opposite of repressive hegemony is not the absence of hegemony but a progressive hegemony grounded in democratic processes. While Bourdieu’s emphasis on social reproduction over social change makes his work less useful for conceptualizing such a progressive hegemony, this paper argues that his theory of symbolic capital (including linguistic capital) offers us a unique insight into the obstacles faced by agents of progressive social change and, in so doing, sheds light on the limitations of Gramsci’s approach.
An overview of current ontology meta-matching solutions
Authors: Martinez-Gil Jorge , Aldana-Montes José F.
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, there are a lot of techniques and tools for addressing the ontology matching problem; however, the complex nature of this problem means that the existing solutions are unsatisfactory. This work intends to shed some light on a more flexible way of matching ontologies using ontology meta-matching. This emerging technique selects appropriate algorithms and their associated weights and thresholds in scenarios where accurate ontology matching is necessary. We think that an overview of the problem and an analysis of the existing state-of-the-art solutions will help researchers and practitioners to identify the most appropriate specific features and global strategies in order to build more accurate and dynamic systems following this paradigm.
Maintenance of Profile Matchings in Knowledge Bases
Authors: Martinez-Gil Jorge , Paoletti Lorena , Rácz Gábor , Sali Attila , Schewe Klaus-Dieter
Published: July 2018

A profile describes a set of properties, e.g. a set of skills a person may have or a set of skills required for a particular job. Profile matching aims to determine how well a given profile fits to a requested profile. Profiles can be defined by filters in a lattice of concepts derived from a knowledge base that is grounded in description logic, and matching can be realised by assigning values in [0,1] to pairs of such filters: the higher the matching value the better is the fit. In this paper the problem is investigated, whether given a set of filters together with matching values determined by some human expert a matching measure can be determined such that the computed matching values preserve the rankings given by the expert. In the paper plausibility constraints for the values given by an expert are formulated. If these plausibility constraints are satisfied, the problem of determining a ranking-preserving matching measure can be solved.
Sustainable Development: Pembelajaran Al-Quran Menggunakan Metode Tartil
Authors: Syafril Syafrimen , Erlina Nova , Jaafar@Ramli Azhar , Wekke Ismail Suardi , Rahayu Titik , Abbas Rashidi
Published: July 2018

Pengembangan pendidikan secara berkelajutan merupakan satu keniscayaan, dan pembelajaran al-Quran merupakan dasar yang tidak dapat diabaikan. Metode Tartil merupakan salah satu metode yang dirancang oleh Gazali pada awal tahun 1993 untuk membantu siswa agar dapat belajar lebih cepat dan praktis membaca dan menulis al-Qur’an. Pembuatan metode ini adalah sebagai alternatif terhadap fenomena pembelajaran al-Qur’an yang cenderung monoton, kurang kreatif dan inovatif. Sedangkan penggunaan metode secara aktif dan kreatif dapat membangkitkan minat siswa dalam proses pembelajaran
Young children’s learning and generalization of teleological and mechanistic explanations
Authors: Lombrozo Tania , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Scalise Nicole R.
Published: July 2018

Young children often endorse explanations of the natural world that appeal to functions or purpose—for example, that rocks are pointy so animals can scratch on them. By contrast, most Western-educated adults reject such explanations. What accounts for this change? We investigated 4- to 5-year-old children’s ability to generalize the form of an explanation from examples by presenting them with novel teleological explanations, novel mechanistic explanations, or no explanations for 5 nonliving natural objects. We then asked children to explain novel instances of the same objects and novel kinds of objects. We found that children were able to learn and generalize explanations of both types, suggesting an ability to draw generalizations over the form of an explanation. We also found that teleological and mechanistic explanations were learned and generalized equally well, suggesting that if a domain-general teleological bias exists, it does not manifest as a bias in learning or generalization.
Instability of the southern Canadian Shield during the late Proterozoic
Authors: McDannell Kalin T. , Zeitler Peter K. , Schneider David A.
Published: July 2018

Cratons are generally considered to comprise lithosphere that has remained tectonically quiescent for billions of years. Direct evidence for stability is mainly founded in the Phanerozoic sedimentary record and low-temperature thermochronology, but for extensive parts of Canada, earlier stability has been inferred due to the lack of an extensive rock record in both time and space. We used 40Ar/39Ar multi-diffusion domain (MDD) analysis of K-feldspar to constrain cratonic thermal histories across an intermediate (~150-350°C) temperature range in an attempt to link published high-temperature geochronology that resolves the timing of orogenesis and metamorphism with lower-temperature data suited for upper-crustal burial and unroofing histories. This work is focused on understanding the transition from Archean-Paleoproterozoic crustal growth to later intervals of stability, and how uninterrupted that record is throughout Earth’s Proterozoic “Middle Age.” Intermediate-temperature thermal histories of cratonic rocks at well-constrained localities within the southern Canadian Shield of North America challenge the stability worldview because our data indicate that these rocks were at elevated temperatures in the Proterozoic. Feldspars from granitic rocks collected at the surface cooled at rates of <0.5°C/Ma subsequent to orogenesis, seemingly characteristic of cratonic lithosphere, but modeled thermal histories suggest that at ca. 1.1-1.0 Ga these rocks were still near ~200°C – signaling either reheating, or prolonged residence at mid-crustal depths assuming a normal cratonic geothermal gradient. After 1.0 Ga, the regions we sampled then underwent further cooling such that they were at or near the surface (<< 60°C) in the early Paleozoic. Explaining mid-crustal residence at 1.0 Ga is challenging. A widespread, prolonged reheating history via burial is not supported by stratigraphic information, however assuming a purely monotonic cooling history requires at the very least 5 km of exhumation beginning at ca. 1.0 Ga. A possible explanation may be found in evidence of magmatic underplating that thickened the crust, driving uplift and erosion. The timing of this underplating coincides with Mid-Continent extension, Grenville orogenesis, and assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. 40Ar/39Ar MDD data demonstrate that this technique can be successfully applied to older rocks and fill in a large observational gap. These data also raise questions about the evolution of cratons during the Proterozoic and the nature of cratonic stability across deep time.
Determining optimal parameters of the Self Referent Encoding Task: A large-scale examination of self-referent cognition and depression
Authors: Dainer-Best Justin , Lee Hae Yeon , Shumake Jason , Yeager David Scott , Beevers Christopher G
Published: July 2018

Although the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) is commonly used to measure self-referent cognition in depression, many different SRET metrics can be obtained. The current study used best subsets regression with cross-validation and independent test samples to identify the SRET metrics most reliably associated with depression symptoms in three large samples: a college student sample (n = 572), a sample of adults from Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 293), and an adolescent sample from a school field study (n = 270). Across all three samples, SRET metrics associated most strongly with depression severity included number of words endorsed as self-descriptive and rate of accumulation of information required to decide whether adjectives were self-descriptive (i.e., drift rate). These metrics had strong intra-task and split-half reliability and high test-retest reliability across a 1-week period. Recall of SRET stimuli and traditional reaction time metrics were not robustly associated with depression severity.
A cohort is not representative of humanity
Authors: Kashnitsky Ilya
Published: July 2018

In the freshly published research letter, Dong, Milholland, and Vijg (DMV) reported that they found strong evidence for a limit to human lifespan. Analyzing data from International Database on Longevity, they found that the yearly maximum reported age at death (MRAD, i.e. age at death of the world’s oldest person died in a specific year) stopped increasing from the mid-1990-s reaching a plateau at around 115 years. Even though the authors acknowledge that the data on “the supercentenarians … are still noisy and made of small samples”, they feel safe to conclude that “the results strongly suggest that the human lifespan has a natural limit”. I argue that the results and conclusions of the study are likely to be caused by just a data artifact, and that they are hardly generalizable for the humanity.
Building Better Ecological Machines: Complexity Theory and Alternative Economic Models
Authors: Bier Jess , Schinkel Willem
Published: July 2018

http://estsjournal.org/article/view/72
Energy efficiency subsidies with price-quality discrimination
Authors: Nauleau Marie-Laure , Giraudet Louis-Gaëtan , Quirion Philippe
Published: July 2018

We compare various designs of energy efficiency subsidies in a market subject to both energy-use externalities and price-quality discrimination by a monopolist. We find that differentiated subsidies can establish the social optimum. Unlike per-quality regimes, ad valorem regimes generate downstream interferences: Subsidising of the high-end good leads the monopolist to reduce the quality of the low-end good. For this reason, ad valorem differentiated rates should always decrease with energy efficiency, a result seemingly at odds with actual practice. In contrast, with per-quality differentiated subsidies, the rates can increase if the externality is large enough relative to the market share of "low" type consumers. Contrary to differentiated subsidies, what we shall call single-instrument subsidies only achieve second-best outcomes. A uniform ad valorem subsidy should have a rate higher than that needed to specifically internalise energy-use externalities. Lastly, if, as is often observed in practice, only the high-end good is to be incentivised, a per-quality regime should be preferred to an ad valorem one. An ad valorem tax on the high-end good may even be preferred to an ad valorem subsidy if the externality is small enough and low-end consumers dominate the market. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Straight from the horse's mouth: agreement attraction effects with Turkish possessors
Authors: Lago Sol , Gračanin-Yuksek Martina , Şafak Duygu Fatma , Demir Orhan , Kırkıcı Bilal , Felser Claudia
Published: July 2018

We investigated the comprehension of subject-verb agreement in Turkish-German bilinguals using two tasks. The first task elicited speeded judgments to verb number violations in sentences that contained plural genitive modifiers. We addressed whether these modifiers elicited attraction errors, which have supported the use of a memory retrieval mechanism in monolingual comprehension studies. The second task examined the comprehension of a language-specific constraint of Turkish against plural-marked verbs with overt plural subjects. Bilinguals showed a reduced application of this constraint, as compared to Turkish monolinguals. Critically, both groups showed similar rates of attraction, but the bilingual group accepted ungrammatical sentences more often. We propose that the similarity in attraction rates supports the use of the same retrieval mechanism, but that bilinguals have more problems than monolinguals in the mapping of morphological to abstract agreement features during speeded comprehension, which results in increased acceptability of ungrammatical sentences.
Comportamiento de los metales trazas Cu, Pb, Mn y Zn en fracciones geoquímicas de núcleos de sedimentos de la laguna Unare, Venezuela
Authors: de Martínez Luisa Rodríguez , Senior William James , Martínez Gregorio
Published: July 2018

The concentrations of the metalsCu, Pb, Mn and Zn in fra ctions geochemistry insix sediment core of the lagoon Unare, Venezuela.A procedure of sequential extraction of metalswas determined, for each fraction was usedreagents different and conditions of digestionand the concentrations of metals determinedwith spectrophotometer of Atomic Absorption.The fractionating of metals indicated an order ofdecreasing concentration as it follows: residualfraction > organic/sulfur matter > carbonates>interchangeable. The metals displayed valuesin the reactive phase between : n.d-7,90; 0,00-4,90; 133,95-961 ,79 and 0,05-9,61 IJg /g for Cu,Pb, Mn and Zn, respectively; being observedin most of the core an increase in the superiorlayers caused by diagenetics processes,changes in the textural composition (containedof clay or organic matter) due to the anthropicscontributions that the lagoon receives. The Mnpresented in core 1, 2 and 3 the smaller concentrationsto the surface, which suggests analteration of the natural geochemical cycles thattends to a diminution of the manganese contributionsthrough tlíe time. In the Zn, its verticaldistribution reflects a strong relation between themetal, the organic matter and texture in relationto the depth, which is of sandy and poor texturein organic matter, with a contained minor of th ismetal. The concentrations average of metalstotal are were: 36,31; 7,57; 445,60 and 64.07IJg/g for Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn respectively. Theseresults are analogous to the reported ones forsediments no contaminated; nevertheless, somemetals in the reactive phase, showed to slightincreases towards the surface, indicating recentcontamination, product of the intervention thathas undergone this lagoon in the last decadesand to the contributions of the Unare river.
Концепція CRM як складова управління розвитком туристичних підприємств
Authors: Туник Олександр Миколайович
Published: July 2018

У нинішніх умовах конкурентоспроможність туристичних підприємств, забезпечується стабільним сегментом споживачів, оскільки суб’єкти туристичної діяльності повинні орієнтуватися на створення цільовим сегментам високу споживчу цінність туристичних продуктів. Саме тому основою формування конкурентних переваг туристичного підприємства є впровадження у його діяльність концепції управління взаємовідносинами зі споживачами CRM (Customer Relationship Management).
Інноваційні драйвери готельного господарства
Authors: Туник Олександр Миколайович
Published: July 2018

Cучасні тенденції розвитку готельного господарства характеризуються використанням «розумних» технологій (інноваційних драйверів) у всіх процесах, які здійснюються на підприємствах. Нові потреби ринку готельних послуг сприяють створенню інноваційних технологій та їх практичному використанні у бізнесі. Розвиток глобальної мережі Інтернет у 2015 році дозволяє підприємствам готельного господарства оперативно працювати зі всіма учасниками ринку готельних послуг. Вплив Інтернет-ресурсів у цій сфері економічної діяльності виявляється, насамперед, у впровадженні сучасних інформаційних технологій в процес надання послуг.
Putative Martian Microbes Formed Plentiful Ooids on Mars.
Authors: Lin Liangtai
Published: July 2018

NASA’s Mars Rover Curiosity discovered plentiful indigenous spherical ooids at High Dune and Namib Dune in Bagnold dune field, Gale Crater, Mars. The spherical Martian ooids contain nuclei and range from around 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm in diameter. Colors of the spherical Martian ooids are various, including white, yellow translucent, green, gray, and yellow. The spherical Martian ooids should have been formed by microbes, because ooids of Earth have recently been found to be formed by microbes and microbial borings are found in ooids of Earth and of Mars. There is no evidence that proves ooids are formed by agitated water.
The Scholarly Commons - principles and practices to guide research communication
Authors: Bosman Jeroen , Bruno Ian , Chapman Chris , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Jacobs Nate , Kramer Bianca , Martone Maryann Elizabeth , Murphy Fiona Louise Mary , O'Donnell Daniel Paul , Bar-Sinai Michael , Hagstrom Stephanie , Utley Joshua Abel , Veksler Lusia
Published: July 2018

Despite all available technology and despite major disruptions that the internet brought about in many sectors of modern life, scholarly communication has only seen change at glacial pace. Many useful, laudable tools and services are being developed to solve specific issues for particular domain groups. However, the question of how these efforts fit together remains largely unaddressed. If we have alternative models for all parts of the system, will that result in a coherent system? Will it be interoperable? Will it appeal to people as viable alternative? Will it be open and participatory for all?The solution we propose is that of a scholarly commons: a set of principles and rules for the community of researchers and other stakeholders to ascribe to, the practices based on those principles, and the common pool of resources around which the principles and practices revolve. The tenets of the scholarly commons are that research and knowledge should be freely available to all who wish to use or reuse it (open, FAIR and citable), participation in the production and use of knowledge should be open to all who wish to participate, and there should be no systemic barriers and disincentives to prevent either such free use or open participation.In this paper, we outline the backgrounds of the idea of the scholarly commons and the various considerations that play a role in defining it. We share the principles of the scholarly commons and the degrees of freedom interpreting those principles, and consider the broader landscape of ideas and charters that the scholarly commons fits into. Finally, we present a call for action to involve like-minded people in the discussion on how to bring such a commons to fruition, and what this would mean for different communities within science and scholarship.
solutions of the CW equation for flow friction
Authors: Brkić Dejan
Published: July 2018

The empirical Colebrook–White (CW) equation belongs to the group of transcendental functions. The CW function is used for the determination of hydraulic resistances associated with fluid flow through pipes, flow of rivers, etc. Since the CW equation is implicit in fluid flow friction factor, it has to be approximately solved using iterative procedure or using some of the approximate explicit formulas developed by many authors. Alternate mathematical equivalents to the original expression of the CW equation, but now in the explicit form developed using the Lambert W-function, are shown (with related solutions). The W-function is also transcendental, but it is used more general compared with the CW function. Hence, the solution to the W-function developed by mathematicians can be used effectively for the CW function which is of interest only for hydraulics.
MASYARAKAT BURU DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONTEMPORER
Authors: Umanailo M. Chairul Basrun
Published: July 2018

Dalam menjalani keseharian di Pulau Buru, setidaknya kita akan menyaksikan banyak fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi dalam masyarakat, dan itulah realitas yang semestinya kita pikirkan. Banyak hal yang kemudian bisa kita analisa dan memberikan kontribusi untuk menuju pada perubahan masyarakat yang lebih baik, tidak terkecuali permasalahan sosial ekonomi yang belakangan ini semakin ramai diperbincangkan.Buku ini berupaya menyajikan berbagai realitas yang terjadi dalam masyarakat, dengan kalimat yang sederhana bahkan tidak teratur dalam strukturnya namun demikian sebagai upaya untuk mentransformasikan pengetahuan yang ada, sekalipun itu harus bersinggungan dengan pihak-pihak tertentu, namun penulis yakin bahwa setiap orang akan memiliki intepretasi berbeda sesuai disiplin ilmu yang dimilikinya.
The value of past and present cues: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Schönbrodt Felix D. , Hagemeyer Birk
Published: July 2018

In their target article, Rauthmann et al. (this issue) argue that situation research would be best off focusing on perceptions of situation, not on objective cues. In contrast, we advocate the importance of environmental cues by taking an evolutionary standpoint. From an ultimate perspective, cues from the phylogenetic past shaped our perceptual system and can guide the development of a theoretically informed structure of psychological situations. From a proximate perspective, cues are essential factors (beyond conscious perceptions) for the explanation of actual behavior, in particular when implicit processes are considered.
Readiness to Disclose Pediatric HIV Status to Children
Authors: Finnegan Amy , Langhaug Lisa , Schenk Katie , Puffer Eve , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Choi Yujung , Mahaso Simbarashe , Green Eric
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pediatric HIV disclosure in rural Zimbabwe and track the process of disclosure over time.MethodsWe recruited a population-based sample of 372 caregivers of HIV-positive children ages 9 to 15 to participate in a survey about disclosure. Using data from this cross-sectional sample, we then identified a prospective cohort of 123 caregivers who said their HIV-positive child did not know his or her HIV status, and we followed this non-disclosed cohort of caregivers through two additional waves of data collection over the next 12 months. At each wave, we inquired about the timing and process of disclosure and psychosocial factors related to HIV disclosure.ResultsThe overall prevalence of disclosure in the cross-sectional sample was 66.9% (95% CI 62.0 to 71.5%). Only 26.9% of children knew how they were infected and that they can transmit the virus to others (i.e. “full disclosure”). Older children were more likely to know their status. Among the non-disclosed caregivers at baseline, nearly 60% of these children learned their HIV status over the course of the 12-month study period, but only 17.1% learned how they were infected and that they can transmit the virus to others. Most caregivers were satisfied with their child’s disclosure experience. Caregivers who had not disclosed their child’s HIV status to the child worried that disclosure would lead to stigma in the community, provoke questions from their child they would not be able to answer, or cause the child to reject the caregiver in anger.ConclusionsThis study suggests that rates of pediatric HIV disclosure may be larger than typically reported, but also reinforces the idea that most children do not know key details about their illness, such as how they were infected and that they can infect others.
Is utilitarian sacrifice becoming more morally permissible?
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez , Machery Edouard , Cushman Fiery Andrews
Published: July 2018

A central tenet of contemporary moral psychology is that people reject many forms of utilitarian sacrifice. Yet, evidence for secularization and declining empathic concern in recent decades suggests the possibility of systematic change in this attitude. In the present study, we employ hypothetical dilemmas to investigate whether judgments of utilitarian sacrifice are becoming more permissive over time. In a cross-sectional design, age negatively predicted utilitarian moral judgment (Study 1). To examine whether this pattern reflected processes of maturation, we asked a panel to re-evaluate several moral dilemmas after a nine-year interval but observed no overall change (Study 2). In contrast, a more recent age-matched sample revealed greater endorsement of utilitarian sacrifice in a time-lag design (Study 3). Taken together, these results suggest that today’s younger cohorts increasingly endorse a utilitarian resolution of sacrificial moral dilemmas.
Interpersonal Problems Across Levels of the Psychopathology Hierarchy
Authors: Girard Jeffrey M. , Wright Aidan G.C. , Beeney Joseph E. , Lazarus Sophie A. , Scott Lori , Stepp Stephanie D. , Pilkonis Paul A.
Published: July 2018

We examined the relationship between psychopathology and interpersonal problems in a sample of 825 clinical and community participants. Sixteen psychiatric diagnoses and five transdiagnostic dimensions were examined in relation to self-reported interpersonal problems. The structural summary method was used with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales to examine interpersonal problem profiles for each diagnosis and dimension. We built a structural model of mental disorders including factors corresponding to detachment (avoidant personality, social phobia, major depression), internalizing (dependent personality, borderline personality, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress, major depression), disinhibition (antisocial personality, drug dependence, alcohol dependence, borderline personality), dominance (histrionic personality, narcissistic personality, paranoid personality), and compulsivity (obsessive-compulsive personality). All dimensions showed good interpersonal prototypicality (e.g., detachment was defined by a socially avoidant/nonassertive interpersonal profile) except for internalizing, which was diffusely associated with elevated interpersonal distress. The findings for individual disorders were largely consistent with the dimension that each disorder loaded on, with the exception of the internalizing and dominance disorders, which were interpersonally heterogeneous. These results replicate previous findings and provide novel insights into social dysfunction in psychopathology by wedding the power of hierarchical (i.e., dimensional) modeling and interpersonal circumplex assessment.