bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Anxiety and Autism Symptom Severity on Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors Over Time in Children with Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Moskowitz Lauren , Will Elizabeth , Black Conner , Roberts Jane
Published: November 2023

Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are highly prevalent and reduce function in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). As transdiagnostic features of intellectual disability, elevated rates of RRBs in FXS could represent various underlying known co-occurring conditions in FXS such as anxiety or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet this distinction has not been investigated. Further, delineating whether RRBs are more indicative of anxiety or ASD in FXS may clarify phenotypic profiles within FXS and improve differential assessment.
Methods: We longitudinally examined the potentially independent or multiplicative effect of ASD and anxiety symptom severity on RRBs in 60 children with FXS. Anxiety was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), ASD severity was measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and RRBs were measured using The Repetitive Behavior Scale – Revised (RBS-R). We estimated a series of moderated regression models with anxiety and ASD symptoms at the initial assessment (Time 1) as predictors of RRBs at the outcome assessment two years later (Time 2), along with an anxiety-by-ASD interaction term to determine the potential multiplicative effect of these co-occurring conditions on RRBs.
Results: Results identified a significant interaction between ASD and anxiety symptom severity at the initial assessment that predicted elevated sensory-motor RRBs two years later. Increased sensory-motor RRBs were predicted by elevated ASD symptoms only when anxiety symptom severity was low. Likewise, increased sensory-motor RRBs were predicted by elevated anxiety symptoms only when ASD symptom severity was low. Interestingly, this relationship was isolated to Sensory-Motor RRBs, with evidence that it could also apply to total RRBs.
Conclusions:Findings suggest that ASD and anxiety exert independent and differential effects on Sensory-Motor RRBs when at high severity levels and a multiplicative effect when at moderate levels.
Estimation of Drilling Rate of Penetration Using Hybrid Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Ranjbar Ali , Mohammadinia Fatemeh
Published: November 2023

Rate of penetration(ROP) is one of the most important well drilling parameters, and its estimation and optimization is very important during well planning and reducing related costs. Meanwhile, the prediction of this parameter is challenging due to the complex interactions between the drill bit and the formation rock. In this study, different Machine Learning(ML) estimation techniques including Artificial Neural Networks(ANN), Random Forest(RF) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) are hybridized with meta-heuristic algorithms, including Crow Search Algorithm(CSA), Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) has been used to estimate ROP more accurately. The aforementioned meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to intelligently adjust hyper-parameters of estimation ML methods based on data. The results show that it will significantly improve the estimation performance. Among the models, RF-GA, RF-CSA and LSSVM-GA were recognized as the top three models, respectively. The value of the correlation coefficients between the estimated and the actual values of ROP in these models was 0.98, 0.974, and 0.972, respectively. Also, the mean square error (RMSE) values for these models were obtained 2.89, 3.25 and 3.37, respectively. Depth, mud weight and rotation speed are identified as the most influential parameters in the response of estimation models. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of combining ML methods with meta-heuristic algorithms to accurately estimate drilling penetration rates. The results provide valuable insights to optimize drilling operations, reduce costs and increase drilling performance in oil fields. The results of this study in the field of drilling optimization can be useful in engineering-based drilling decisions.
A Scoping Review of Digital Technologies in Antenatal Care: Recent Progress and Applications of Digital Technologies
Authors: Mohamed Halila , Ismail Aniza , Sutan Rosnah , Rahman Rahana Abd , Juval Kawselyah
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Integrating digital health technology into antenatal care has revolutionised patient monitoring, diagnosis, and management. As expectant mothers increasingly embrace social media, the Internet, and smartphone applications, leveraging digital health interventions presents immense potential for enhancing maternal healthcare.
Objective
This review aims to assess digital health modalities, their applicability, and outcomes in maternal care.
Method
We conducted a scoping review by searching four electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost), performing manual searches of Google Scholar, and examining the references of relevant studies. Eligible studies included original research published in English between 2018 and January 2023 involving the usage of digital health interventions for antenatal care, complying with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review guidelines.
Results
A total of 61 eligible articles were identified, where most (n = 37) were conducted in high-income countries such as the US, UK, and Australia. Over the past five years, digital intervention studies motivated by increased telehealth adoption in affluent nations have increased consistently. These interventions primarily encompass patient–provider consultations, remote monitoring, and health education, often supplementing or even replacing in-person visits. Notably, acceptance and satisfaction levels among patients and healthcare providers engaging with digital health interventions were high. The interventions primarily addressed general maternal care (n = 22, 36.06%), mental health issues (n = 7, 11.47%), high-risk pregnancies (n = 5, 8.19%), hypertensive disorders (n = 4, 6.55%), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 7, 11.47%), antenatal education (n = 5, 8.19%), and gestational weight gain (n = 3, 4.91%). The review findings consistently demonstrated that digital health interventions yielded positive results in effectively managing clinical conditions, improving knowledge, and promoting birth preparedness during the perinatal period. Additionally, these interventions digitally enhanced antenatal care service access and utilisation.
Conclusion
Digital health is gaining importance in maternal and child care, where patients and healthcare providers demonstrate positive outcomes and high acceptance. Safety and privacy concerns are rarely discussed, but no adverse effects have been reported, and standard care is maintained. The increasing prevalence of digital technologies paves the way for the widespread adoption of digital health in antenatal care, shaping the future of maternal care.
Correlation between Regional Differences in Disability and Health Resources in Middle-Aged and Elderly People
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Daofeng , Ma Xueqi , Li Jiantao , Zhao Zixin , Liu Wanheng
Published: November 2023

Background: With the aging and disability of the population, it is bound to bring a series of social, economic and health risks. Medical and health resources and services also provide more life extension opportunities for the disabled elderly and delay the process from disability to near death, but increase the total disability years of the group. There are differences in economic development level, distribution of medical resources and health service coverage in different regions. The demand for long-term care and medical services for middle-aged and elderly people has increased, which will lead to a heavier social medical burden and greater challenges for the health care system.
Objective: To explore the impact of health resource allocation equity on regional differences in disability among middle-aged and elderly people.
Methods: The disability data is based on 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and health resource allocation data are derived from 2018 China Statistical Yearbook, and a total of 19,170 people aged 45 years and older were included in the study.
Results: The results of this study show that there are differences in disability rate and degree among middle-aged and elderly people in east, central and west China and the differences was related to the equity of health personnel and health financial expenditures, and the equity of practicing (assistant) physicians and rural doctors were the main factors.
Conclusion: It is necessary to promote the cross-regional cooperation and sustainable development of health resources and establish a sound health resource information management system to gradually reduce the regional differences in the disability rate and degree of middle-aged and elderly people.
Pathophysiology characterization of Alzheimer’s disease in South China’s Aging Population: for the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS)
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shi Dai , Cai Yue , Li Anqi , Lan Guoyu , Sun Pan , Liu Lin , Zhu Yalin , Yang Jie , Zhou Yajing , Guo Lizhi , Zhang Laihong , Deng Shuqing , Chen Shuda , Yu Xianfeng , Chen Xuhui , Zhao Ruiyue , Wang Qingyong , Ran Pengcheng , Xu Linsen , Zhou Liemin , Sun Kun , Wang Xinlu , Peng Qiyu , Han Ying , Guo Tengfei
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater-Bay-Area of South China has an 86 million population and faces a significant challenge of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the characteristics and prevalence of AD in this area are still unclear due to the rarely available community-based neuroimaging AD cohort.
METHODS: Following the standard protocols of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS) was initiated in 2021. GHABS participants completed clinical assessments, plasma biomarkers, genotyping, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and tau PET imaging. The GHABS cohort focuses on pathophysiology characterization and early AD detection in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In this study, we analyzed plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (A), p-Tau181 (T), neurofilament light, and GFAP by Simoa in 470 Chinese older adults, and 301, 195, and 70 had MRI, Aβ PET, and tau PET, respectively. Plasma biomarkers, Aβ PET, tau PET, hippocampal volume, and temporal-metaROI cortical thickness were compared between normal control (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia groups, controlling for age, sex, and APOE-ε4. The prevalence of plasma A/T profiles and Aβ PET positivity were also determined in different diagnostic groups.
RESULTS: The aims, study design, data collection, and potential applications of GHABS are summarized. SCD individuals had significantly higher plasma p-Tau181 and plasma GFAP than the NC individuals. MCI and dementia patients showed more abnormal changes in all the plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers than NC and SCD individuals. The frequencies of plasma A+/T+ (NC; 5.9%, SCD: 8.2%, MCI: 25.3%, dementia: 64.9%) and Aβ PET positivity (NC: 25.6%, SCD: 22.5%, MCI: 47.7%, dementia: 89.3%) were reported.
DISCUSSION: The GHABS cohort may provide helpful guidance toward designing standard AD community cohorts in South China. This study, for the first time, reported the pathophysiology characterization of plasma biomarkers, Aβ PET, tau PET, hippocampal atrophy, and AD-signature cortical thinning, as well as the prevalence of Aβ PET positivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China. These findings provide novel insights into understanding the characteristics of abnormal AD pathological changes in South China’s older population.
WITHDRAWN: Regional Traffic Signal Control Optimization Model based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Zhou Wei , Tan Zhenjiang , Zhao Nan
Published: November 2023

The paper proposes, for the first time in the field of optimizing regional traffic signals, a model based on a quantum genetic algorithm to solve the problem of traffic congestion at intersections under the existing infrastructure conditions. The model introduces four evaluation criteria: vehicle waiting time, standard deviation, collision percentage, and algorithm execution time. It conducts simulation experiments on three typical intersection types: cross intersections, roundabouts, and diamond intersections. A more optimal regional traffic signal control scheme is proposed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme, a large number of subsequent simulation experiments are conducted. The results demonstrate that, compared to other traditional intelligent algorithms, the algorithm presented in this paper performs better at alleviating traffic congestion at intersections.
Influence of liver function markers and apolipoprotein E ε4 on pathogenesis and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Han Sang-Won , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Jong Ho , Lee Jae-Jun , Park Young Ho , Kim SangYun , Nho Kwangsik , Sohn Jong-Hee
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various factors, including liver function, which may impact the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. This study aimed to explore how the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, a well-known genetic risk factor for AD, affects the relationship of liver function markers with AD pathology and cognition.MethodsUsing two independent cohorts, the Hallym University Medical Center and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, logistic and linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and albumin) with AD diagnosis, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) burden, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD (Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181]), and cognitive performance. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether age and amyloid PET burden mediated these associations.ResultsOnly in theAPOEε4 carrier group, a high AST to ALT ratio and low ALT levels were significantly associated with AD diagnosis, increased amyloid PET burden, poor cognitive function at the last visit, and faster longitudinal decline in cognitive function in both cohorts. However, no such relationship was observed in theAPOEε4 non-carrier group. In particular, the AST to ALT ratio was associated with cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels exclusively in theAPOEε4 carrier group in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort but not with phosphorylated tau181or total tau levels. Moreover, mediation analyses in both cohorts revealed that age played a mediating role in the associations between these liver enzymes and amyloid PET burden or AD diagnosis, exclusively in theAPOEε4 non-carrier group, but not in theAPOEε4 carrier group. The association between these liver enzymes and AD diagnosis was mediated by the amyloid PET burden, but this mediation effect was only evident in theAPOEε4 carrier group.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the significant influence of theAPOEε4 allele on the intricate relationships of liver enzymes with Aβ-related pathogenesis and cognition in AD. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among bank workers at Hawassa district, northern zone, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Jonga Thomas , Samuel Beniyam , Aynalem Amdehiwot , Israel Eskinder , Balta Bargude , Ameno Abdela
Published: November 2023

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a public health treat that affects people who are frequently enrolled in sedentary working conditions. Thereby, interventions are required to combat the effects resulting from lost productivity and cause a negative economic impact due to their absence from the workplace, seeking medical intervention at a health facility, or being on bed rest many times related to illness. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors among bank workers in Hawassa district, Sidama region, Ethiopia.
Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 20, 2023, to June 30, 2023. A simple random sampling method was employed to select 627 bank workers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adopted from the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Then the data was entered into Epidata version 4.6 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were done to identify independent predictors of lower back pain. Finally, in all analyses, a P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results
Six hundred-seven bank workers participated in the study, giving a response rate of 96.8%. The overall magnitude of lower back pain among the study population was 55.2% with a 95% confidence level (CI 51.1–59). The magnitude of LBP was independently associated with four baseline factors. Manager position AOR = 4.3; 95% CI= (1.2,15); Level 2 banker AOR = 3.78% CI= (1.9,8.9); Age 30–39; AOR = 4.6; 95% CI= (2,10.6); Age ≥ 40; AOR = 2.4; 95% CI= (1.04,5.5); work space sufficient AOR = 0.5; 95% CI= (0.3,0.8); and physical activity AOR = 0.2; 95% CI= (0.1,0.9) were independent predictors of lower back pain.
Conclusion
The prevalence of low back pain among bank workers is high in the study area. It is recommended and essential to establish a health screening team, promote physical activity, promote healthy working conditions, and give special attention to elderly bankers and bank managers to reduce the risk of developing low back pain
Explorando paisajes mineros prehistóricos. Estrategias de prospección para la documentación de las explotaciones de sílex de La Leandra (La Muela, Zaragoza)
Authors: Picazo Millán Jesús V. , Pérez-Lambán Fernando , Fanlo Loras Javier , Sampietro-Vattuone M. Marta , Peña-Monné José Luis , Pueyo Anchuela Óscar , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Tarriño Vinagre Andoni
Published: November 2023

Presentamos un complejo minero dedicado a la extracción del sílex denominado Botorrita-Monegros, demandado en diferentes momentos de la Prehistoria. Para su documentación se programó una prospección a tres escalas: 1) prospección superficial intensiva para acotar las áreas de interés; 2) ortofotografía y MDE de las zonas de mayor potencial mediante RPAS; 3) prospección magnética y georradar, para determinar la estructura del subsuelo. El resultado es la identificación de un complejo de unas 30 ha con restos de minería de transferencia a cielo abierto basada en la excavación de pozos y su ampliación en plataformas, generando modelados superficiales con formas circulares y semicirculares. Las minas reflejan labores sistemáticas, probablemente neolíticas, a cargo de individuos con cierto grado de especialización, que justificarían la dispersión del sílex Botorrita-Monegros por buena parte del valle del Ebro y entorno.
Comparison between methods to predict climate change impacts on tropical shallow lakes
Authors: Amorim Lais Ferrer , Duarte Bárbara Pozzan dos Santos , Martins José Rodolfo Scarati
Published: November 2023

Inland waters play a key role in climate change studies, but choosing the correct tool to represent them is challenging. This paper discusses tool's applicability for predicting the impact of climate change on a lake's hydrodynamics. It aims to help determine the most suitable method to utilize. Three different tools, capable of representing the lake's hydrodynamics, were built and evaluated through the required input data quantity, the lake's hydrodynamic representation, and time consumption. Two climate change scenarios were simulated using the thermal stability curve, a unidimensional model (GLM), and a 3D mathematical model (Delft3D). The results were consistent, indicating an increase in the lake's temperature and the required energy to break the stratification, altering thermal patterns. The stability curve requires minimum input data and, with little computing time, can cover a larger simulation window. The unidimensional model requires more input data and knowledge, but with little simulation time, it shows the temperature profile, while the three-dimensional model provides gains in spatial variability representation; however, it needs more input data and advanced knowledge and is time-consuming. In lake management, it will be appropriate to combine the methods, using the curve to analyse the trend and delimitate the period for detailed study.
Device Structure Modifications in Conventional Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) for Low-power Applications
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Kumar Sinha Sanjeet , Chander Sweta
Published: November 2023

With the rapid scaling of transistors in the nanometer regime, various short.channel effects emerge in short-channel devices; researchers are looking for an
alternative device to replace complementary MOSFET (CMOS) in circuit applications.
TFETs are considered to be a good replacement for the conventional MOSFET in the
upcoming technologies. The methods used for making ION higher also impacts the IOFF
current. So, the overall current ratio remains unaltered. To overcome this problem, a
technique has been developed and adopted in this work that not only improves the
current ratio but also makes the subthreshold swing steeper. The major improvements
are the reduction of short channel effects, enhancing current ratio reducing dynamic
power consumption. Negative capacitance being a new phenomenon, helps in
providing improvised results. The device optimized in this work has given values of
Subthreshold swing as 53.75 mV/decade, ION and IOFF as 4.295*10-5 A/μm, 6.01*10-15
A/μm, respectively. DIBL calculated for conventional NCTFET is 61.2 mV/V, and for
proposed NCTFET is 31.92 mV/V. So DIBL improvement of 52.2% has been
achieved.
Impact of Electrode Length on I-V Characteristics to Linearity of TFET With Source Pocket
Authors: Roat Prajwal , Singh Prabhat , Singh Yadav Dharmendra
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, the author demonstrates a triple metal double gate TFET
with a uniformly doped source pocket (TMG-SP-DG-TFET) to investigate the impact
of triple metal length variation (Length of an electrode implanted above the oxide
region) on the device performance. When the electrode length near the drain and source
region varies, the electrostatic potential and electric field near the source-channel (SCi)
and drain-channel interface (DCi) may vary accordingly. Due to these deviations, the
tunneling improves or reduces for a moderately doped drain and a highly doped source
region. Therefore, the ION (ON-state current) has shown significant functionalities with
electrode length variation. This extensive study was carried out for the investigation of
analog parameters, including EBD (ON/OFF state), Efield, Potential, gm
(Trans-conductance), Cgs and Cgd (Gate-to-source and Gate-to-Drain capacitance), Maximum
cut-off frequency (ft
), Gain bandwidth product (GBP), Transit Time (τ), with Linearity
figure of merit that includes, gm2, gm3, VIP2
, VIP3
, IIP3
, IMD3
, and 1dB compression
point. This comprehensive study shows that varying the length of the metal electrode
with a fixed doping level of the source pocket will improve the overall performance of
TMG-SP-DG-TFET.
Nanotechnological Advancement in Energy Harvesting and Energy Storage with Hybridization Potentiality
Authors: Kumari Shikha , Akhil Sai Talapati , Dutta Koushik
Published: November 2023

Decaying sources of non-renewable energy (fossil fuel) turned the research
focus to other natural renewable resources. Among these, solar power is advantageous
in terms of area and maintenance cost. However, the high installation cost of
conventional solar cells restricts individual uses; alternatively, lightweight and flexible
solar cells evolved. Among them, Dye-Sensitized Solar-Cell (DSSC) are inexpensive
and considered nanotechnological advancement. Step-by-step improvisation of the
photo-conversion efficiency has been discussed in light of nanoengineering on metal
oxides. Simultaneously, the dependence of wavelength on the choice of dye has also
been focused opting for a particular application field. Energy storage device (solid-state
batteries and/or supercapacitors) is an inevitable part of solar-cell for ensured use at
required time and space. With the help of nanotechnology, the major problems of
storage efficiency are critically pointed out with possible way-out. In this connection,
the adopted nanoengineering aspects are extensively discussed considering
improvements in the battery capacity, cycle life, and charge and discharge cycles with
the highest degree of safety. Linking with the nanostructures, the nanotubular array
provides a higher specific surface area maximizing the performance for both the
DSSCs and energy-storage devices, as anode material. Again, the unidirectionality of
the carrier transport path enhances electron collection. The present endeavor includes
such research instances probing towards the amalgamation of these two technologies to
indicate the futuristic direction of the self-chargeable storage unit. The present scope is
designed broadly in three sections, where the first section deals with the step-by-step
improvement of DSSC with a prime focus on the oxide nanotube-based photoanode.
The second section deliberates on the research trends for storage devices with the
nanotube-based anode. In the last section, the unification of these two technologies
within a single chip or area using a common anode is the main emphasis to enhance the
utility and green approach for the future world.
Obraz społeczności miejskiej na przykładzie wybranych powieści Ewy Ostrowskiej
Authors: Forma Marzena
Published: November 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba scharakteryzowania współczesnego mieszczaństwa, sportretowanego na kartach utworów Ewy Ostrowskiej pt. Sidła strachu, Abonent czasowo niedostępny, Pamiętaj o Róży, Co słychać za tymi drzwiami, Bez wybaczenia. Mieszczanie w wolnym czasie najczęściej spacerują po nowoczesnych centrach handlowych, oglądają telewizję, plotkują, podglądają sąsiadów lub piszą na nich donosy. Powieści Ewy Ostrowskiej są bezwzględną krytyką moralności mieszczan, odsłaniają ich wady i przywary. Dają jednocześnie syntetyczny obraz przemian, jakie zaszły w europejskiej cywilizacji w XX wieku.
Warehouse Automation Implementation Environment: Case of Central Warehouse Management in Mali, West Africa
Authors: Co Maricel , Sham Rohana , Ahmad Noraini , Acesor Steve
Published: November 2023

The implementation of warehouse automation has proven to be an effective way to increase productivity and inventory accuracy, lower labor costs, and improve safety in the warehouse environment. This research aims to investigate the factors contributing to the success of warehouse automation implementation. This study offers a unique and modern warehouse automation environment model as a solution for complete implementation in warehouse automation operations. The study was conducted in Mali, West Africa. A total of 100 responses were collected among warehouse managers through an online Microsoft Forms survey. Smart PLS version 4.0 software was used to analyze the data.
Understanding the Ecotourism Behavioural Intention by Expanding the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Gao Jia , Chong Kim Mee , Tan Tze Horng , Ding Peng Cheng , Yu Shi Qiang , Zhu Yan
Published: November 2023

This study utilised the Extended Planned Behaviour Theory (TPB) model to study the behavioural intention of ecotourism in China. The study distributed a self-filled questionnaire to 400 tourists who had visited a famous scenic ecotourism spot in China. Use PLS-SEM for structural equation modelling and analysis. The survey results indicate that tourist satisfaction only mediates perceived values, attitudes, and ecotourism behavioural intentions. Subjective norms, perceived value, attitude, and perceived behavioural control all impact tourist satisfaction. This provides theoretical support and management direction for China’s sustainable and healthy ecotourism development.
Na+ Mobility in PEO-Based Composite Solid-State Electrolytes by NMR
Authors: Moradipour Fariba , Markert Andreas , Rudszuck Thomas , Röttgen Niklas , Dück Gerald , Finsterbusch Martin , Gerbig Felix , Nirschl Hermann , Guthausen Gisela
Published: November 2023

Charge transfer and mobility are essential for electrochemical processes in batteries, which need to be understood in detail for optimization, especially in the case of all-solid-state batteries. Wide line NMR is well-known in solid-state NMR and allows the quantification of ion mobility in ordered crystalline and amorphous structures. Temperature-dependent 23Na-NMR is sensitive to ion mobility via longitudinal relaxation, but also via line analysis and transverse relaxation. As 23Na is a spin 3/2 nucleus, 23Na-NMR is also susceptible to electric field gradients caused by their nearest neighbor environment and, therefore, reflects not only the mobility of 23Na+ but also the molecular dynamics in the neighborhood, which are investigated in this paper. The named NMR methods were explored to study 23Na+ mobility in the solid electrolytes NaSICON (sodium (Na) Super Ionic CONductor, here Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12), the salt NaTFSI (sodium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide), as well as in the polymer-based electrolytes PEO-NaSICON, PEO-NaTFSI, and PEO-NaTFSI-NaSICON.
Response of growth and yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) to sowing dates and foliar application with zinc
Authors: Ali Al-Ta'iy Alaa Raja , Shahatha Al-Juheishy Waleed Khalid
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted winter agricultural season for the year (2020- 2021) in two locations: the first location in the Nineveh Forest Nursery/Desertification Department (Mosul city center) at longitude 43̊15′ east and latitude 35̊36′ north, and the second location in Abu Maria village ( Tal Afar District) is one of the suburbs of Tal Afar District, which is approximately 50 km west of the city of Mosul at longitude 42̊ 35′ east and latitude 36̊ 25′ north .To study the effect of planting dates (11/30, 12/20, 1/10) and zinc concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 mg/L) on the growth, yield and quality of flax (Sharda) cultivar, the experiment was conducted according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) system with split plots and with three replicates, where the planting dates occupied the main plots, While zinc concentrations occupied the subplots. The planting dates showed significant differences in all growth and yield traits for both locations of Nineveh Forest Nursery and Abu Maria Village. It was found from the average values of these traits that the early planting date (30/11) excelled in plant height, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, seed yield and biological yield. The second date (20/12) outperformed the harvest index in both locations, and the late date (10/1) excelled in the 1000-seed weight trait for both experiment locations. Zinc concentrations showed significant differences in all studied traits and for both experimental locations. The zinc concentration (60 mg/L) excelled in plant height, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index in both locations. In comparison, the concentration (45 mg/L) was excelled in number of seeds/capsule. Most of the studied traits had a significant interaction between sowing dates and zinc concentrations .The interaction between planting date (30/11) and zinc concentration (60 mg/L) excelled in seed yield for both locations, number of plant branches in the Nineveh Forest Nursery location, and biological yield at the Abu Maria village location. The interaction between planting date (20/12) and zinc concentration (30 mg/L) excelled on the harvest index in the Nineveh forest nursery location, while the interaction between planting date (20/12) excelled on the zinc concentration (60 mg/L) in Harvest index at the location of the village of Abu Maria . Keywords: flax; planting dates; zinc.
The Accuracy and Potential Racial and Ethnic Biases of GPT-4 in the Diagnosis and Triage of Health Conditions: Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ito Naoki , Kadomatsu Sakina , Fujisawa Mineto , Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu , Ishizawa Ryo , Kanda Naoki , Kasugai Daisuke , Nakajima Mikio , Goto Tadahiro , Tsugawa Yusuke
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Whether GPT-4, the conversational artificial intelligence, can accurately diagnose and triage health conditions and whether it presents racial and ethnic biases in its decisions remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to assess the accuracy of GPT-4 in the diagnosis and triage of health conditions and whether its performance varies by patient race and ethnicity.

METHODS

We compared the performance of GPT-4 and physicians, using 45 typical clinical vignettes, each with a correct diagnosis and triage level, in February and March 2023. For each of the 45 clinical vignettes, GPT-4 and 3 board-certified physicians provided the most likely primary diagnosis and triage level (emergency, nonemergency, or self-care). Independent reviewers evaluated the diagnoses as “correct” or “incorrect.” Physician diagnosis was defined as the consensus of the 3 physicians. We evaluated whether the performance of GPT-4 varies by patient race and ethnicity, by adding the information on patient race and ethnicity to the clinical vignettes.

RESULTS

The accuracy of diagnosis was comparable between GPT-4 and physicians (the percentage of correct diagnosis was 97.8% (44/45; 95% CI 88.2%-99.9%) for GPT-4 and 91.1% (41/45; 95% CI 78.8%-97.5%) for physicians; P=.38). GPT-4 provided appropriate reasoning for 97.8% (44/45) of the vignettes. The appropriateness of triage was comparable between GPT-4 and physicians (GPT-4: 30/45, 66.7%; 95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; physicians: 30/45, 66.7%; 95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99). The performance of GPT-4 in diagnosing health conditions did not vary among different races and ethnicities (Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic), with an accuracy of 100% (95% CI 78.2%-100%). P values, compared to the GPT-4 output without incorporating race and ethnicity information, were all .99. The accuracy of triage was not significantly different even if patients’ race and ethnicity information was added. The accuracy of triage was 62.2% (95% CI 46.5%-76.2%; P=.50) for Black patients; 66.7% (95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99) for White patients; 66.7% (95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99) for Asian patients, and 62.2% (95% CI 46.5%-76.2%; P=.69) for Hispanic patients. P values were calculated by comparing the outputs with and without conditioning on race and ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS

GPT-4’s ability to diagnose and triage typical clinical vignettes was comparable to that of board-certified physicians. The performance of GPT-4 did not vary by patient race and ethnicity. These findings should be informative for health systems looking to introduce conversational artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of patient diagnosis and triage.
Assessment of Readability, Understandability and Actionability of a Fully AI-generated Patient Information Brochure, a Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mansour Mohamad Ahmad , Zaghal Ahmad , Rahhal Salim , Al Hussein Alawamlh Omar , El-Rifai Arwa , Osman Bassam , Hassanieh Joelle
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

A gap exists between the readability of readily available patient education materials and the literacy skill of the average US adult. With the current advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), AI tools could provide the solution.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the readability, understandability and actionability of patient information brochures fully generated by artificial intelligence.

METHODS

Patient information brochures about the three most common surgical pathologies (appendicitis, cholecystitis, inguinal hernia) were generated by ChatGPT-4 and Bing Image Creator and subsequently evaluated for readability using readability scores and for understandability and actionability by surgeons using Patient Educational Materials Assessment for Printable materials (PEMAT-P).

RESULTS

Brochures generated by ChatGPT and DALL-E scored well on text understandability (93.6%) but poorly on visual aids (18.67%) and actionability (64%). The mean Flesch reading ease was 41.54, Flesch-Kincaid grade level: 10.52, Gunning Fog Index: 11.98, SMOG Index: 12.78, Coleman Liau Index: 13.3 and Automated Readability Index: 9.98.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient information brochures generated by ChatGPT and Bing Image Creator had high text understandability, low visual aids understandability and low actionability. The readability levels of the generated content exceed the average literacy level of the US adult population.
Viewpoint: A digitally capable aged care workforce: demands and directions for research and development (Preprint)
Authors: Gray Kathleen , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Day Karen
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

As the aged care sector undergoes digital transformation, greater attention is needed to development of digital health capability in its workforce. Digital technologies and digital data have the potential to improve the quality of care, but also to diminish it. There are many gaps in our understanding of technology's current and future impacts on those who perform paid and unpaid aged care work. Many aged care technology implementation reports describe initial training but are silent beyond that.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to frame a research agenda for understanding how to optimize the use of digital resources and tools through greater attention to the capabilities of paid and unpaid human resources, for responsible and sustainable aged care.

METHODS

Authors’ reflections on their panel presentation during an international conference identified shared concepts and concerns to shape further research into workforce capability in this context.

RESULTS

Aged care is delivered through adaptive formal and informal partnerships among service providers, service users and community members. For optimization, a cohesive approach to digital health learning and development is needed in both the paid and unpaid workforce. It is possible to define, for both groups, parallel elements of capability around digital technologies and digital data. Further work is needed to determine how to share the responsibilities for supporting learning and development within and across digital health and care and workforce ecosystems.

CONCLUSIONS

As digital dimensions of aged care services expand, the sector needs clearer direction to implement approaches to workforce learning and development. The opportunities and expectations for developing digital health capability must be appropriate to support the safe and ethical performance of the work, and to improve the experience of those who perform care and those who receive care.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Racial/ethnic differences in mobile app use for meeting sexual partners among young men who have sex with men and young transgender women in Chicago, USA (Preprint)
Authors: Risher Kathryn , Janulis Patrick , McConnell Elizabeth , Motley Darnell , Serrano Pedro Alonso , Jackson Joel D. , Brown Alonzo , Williams Meghan , Mendez Daniel , Phillips II Gregory , Melville Joshua , Birkett Michelle
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Young men who have sex with men and young transgender women (YMSM-YTW) utilize online spaces to meet sexual partners with increasing regularity, and research shows that experiences of racism in these virtual spaces mimic the real world.

OBJECTIVE

We present an analysis of differences by race/ethnicity in online and mobile apps used to meet sexual partners as reported by YMSM-YTW living in Chicago in 2016-17.

METHODS

YMSM-YTW in a racially and ethnically diverse sample aged 16-29 were asked to name websites/mobile apps used to seek a sexual partner in the prior 6 months, as well as provide information about sexual partnerships from the prior 6 months. This study explores factors associated with 1) use of any website/mobile apps to find a sexual partner; 2) use of a “social network” to find a sexual partner as opposed to websites/mobile apps predominantly used for dating/hook-ups; 3) use of specific websites/mobile apps; and 4) reporting successfully meeting a sexual partner through a website/mobile app among those who reported using a website/mobile app.

RESULTS

We find that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW are significantly less likely to report using a website/mobile app to find a sexual partner, but more likely to use a social network site to find a sexual partner. Individual apps used vary by race/ethnicity, with Grindr, Tinder, and Scruff more common among White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW and Jack’d and Facebook more common among Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW. Finally, we find that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW app users are less likely to report successfully meeting a new sexual partner on an app than White non-Hispanic app users.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings lead to a deeper understanding of how racial/ethnic sexual mixing patterns arise and have implications for the spread of sexually transmitted infections among YMSM-YTW in Chicago.
Design of an Economical Intelligent Frequency Meter
Authors: Gowthaman Dr. A. , Govindasamy Dr. P. , Kalaivani C.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Vigilantly monitoring the energy consumption of electrical appliances is a crucial aspect of effectively controlling energy usage and expenditures, hence optimizing financial and temporal resources. The utilization of electrical devices can result in various modifications to the characteristics of an electrical power source. Various aspects of an electrical power source undergo modifications when employed for the purpose of powering devices. There have been alterations in the items that necessitate documentation beside the cumulative measurement of meters. This paper discusses the design and implementation of an Arduino-based frequency meter specifically tailored for the measurement of frequency in a three-phase synchronous generator. Additionally, this method was employed to identify instances of malfunction in a three-phase alternating current generator, encompassing both low and high frequencies. The frequency meter that was suggested displayed the measured parameters and the protection condition of each data point directly on the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. Additionally, a USB cable was employed to facilitate the printing of the Arduino software program in serial mode on a personal computer. A smart monitoring system was developed for various working circumstances using a Bluetooth module. The ZMPT101b AC voltage sensor has been utilized in conjunction with the frequency meter. The frequency was determined by analyzing the signal obtained from the AC voltage sensor, without the need for additional equipment such as a zero crossing detector.
Framing the Uncertain: Exploring the Ambiguity of Photography
Authors: Raja Dr. B.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article proposes to use ethnography research and focuses on the ways in which photographs can be articulated, interpreted, and utilized in research, using the inherent ambiguities present in photographic imagery. Also explores how the perception that photography is inherently linked to reality contributes to its unique aesthetic impact and how it leads to diverse ambiguity of photographs. The differences in our reactions to photographs do not stem from variations in accuracy, persuasive details or compelling composition, but rather from our divergent beliefs regarding the origin of each image and our faith in the realism of photography.
Acesso e uso dos sistemas de saúde pela população LGBTQIAPN+ sob a ótica do cuidado biopsicossocial
Authors: Cruz Neto João , Teixeira Iasminny Loiola , Oliveira Giovanna Sales de , Sena Aline Sampaio Rolim de , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues , Danziato Leonardo José Barreira
Published: November 2023

O serviço de saúde ainda é visto como uma realidade distante da população LGBTQIAPN+. A discriminação, os estigmas e o desconhecimento ocasionam baixa adesão e diminuem a procura dessa população pelo cuidado à saúde biopsicossocial, contribuindo para seu adoecimento. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar como se configuram o acesso e o uso dos sistemas de saúde pela população LGBTQIAPN+ concernentes à práxis do cuidado. Esta é uma revisão integrativa, realizada em quatro bases de dados no período de setembro a outubro de 2021. Foram utilizados os descritores: sexual and gender minorities, health policy, access to health services combinados com o operador booleano AND. A amostra totalizou sete artigos. As principais barreiras estão relacionadas à discriminação e ao despreparo profissional na assistência aos LGBTQIAPN+, principalmente devido ao desconhecimento, resultando, assim, em uma falta de adesão dessa população aos serviços de saúde, bem como na dificuldade de acesso e recursos financeiros. Ainda existem lacunas no cuidado profissional, o que implica fragilidades. O acesso aos serviços é limitado e há centros de referências com alto teor de precariedade. As barreiras existentes entre o usuário e o sistema de saúde são também, e talvez principalmente, de ordem ética e política. São necessárias estratégias que possam firmar uma política inclusiva e exequível.
High Torque Bike Conversion (HTBC): Utilization of pinion and pulley system for a non-hub, low-cost, and high torque electric bicycle
Authors: Dhelika Radon , Davin Davin , Mughni Muhammad , Dani Kevin , Lianto Abdillah
Published: November 2023

The popularity of electric bicycles is on the rise. These bikes are
equipped with electrical components that allow them to safely navigate
streets with other vehicles, by matching traffic speed. Currently, most
electric bicycles use hub motors, but these can be expensive due to the
complex gear systems that increase torque. Our solution is an electric
bike with a non-hub BLDC motor that uses a pinion-pulley system for the
motor-wheel connection. This system offers flexible gear ratios by
adjusting the number of teeth in the pinion and pulley, is more
cost-effective than hub motors, and generates a high torque of 70 NM.
Changes to plant traits of two functional types across a soil water content gradient in a tropical dry forest impact tree growth rates
Authors: Chaturvedi Ravi , Tomlinson Kyle , Raghubanshi Akhilesh , Singh Jamuna
Published: November 2023

The role of trait variability in mediating plant community responses to
environmental change remains poorly resolved. We conducted a 5-year
study across 45 fragments in a tropical dry forest to understand shifts
in trait means and variabilities of the trees classified into two
functional types, drought avoiders and drought tolerators, across a soil
moisture gradient, and their association with changes in site-level
productivity. Trait means changed in opposite directions across the soil
moisture gradient for the two functional types, especially for water
safety and leaf carbon capture traits. Trait variabilities were
generally greater at dry sites for drought avoiders and at wet sites for
drought tolerators. Site-level growth rates were related to different
sets of trait means and variabilities for the two functional types.
Projected changes in precipitation will likely shift the vegetation to
greater representation of drought tolerators and will be accompanied by
non-linear increases in standing biomass.