bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propeller Design and Evaluation for a High-Speed Patrol Boat Incorporating Iterative Analysis with Panel Methods
Authors: Jessup Stuart D. , Wang Han-Ch'ing
Published: February 2022

A fixed pitch propeller design was developed for a high speed patrol boat. The primary design goals were to maintain speed at increased displacement, reduce cavitation thrust breakdown, reduce cavitation noise, and eliminate cavitation erosion. Special attention was paid to the suppression of root cavitation. Because of the open shaft configuration, the primary inflow wake was produced by shaft inclination. The relatively simple wake field permitted accurate quasi-steady panel method calculations of blade pressure distributions. Panel calculations modeling the blade and hub were used to iteratively alter blade shape to optimize performance. Model scale open water and cavitation tests were conducted to assess the performance of the new design. Full scale performance and cavitation viewing trials were conducted and verified design improvements.
A Generalized Optimum Condition for Wake Adapted Screw Propellers
Authors: Achkinadze Alexander S. , Krasilnikov Vladimir I.
Published: February 2022

A screw propeller design problem is considered for two cases: 1) both circulation distributions along chord and radius are pre-set; 2) chord circulation distribution is pre-set and radial circulation distribution is to be optimized for maximum propeller's efficiency. In both cases a Generalized Lifting-Line (Linear) Model (GLM) is used. This model supposes the existence of an undeformed helical vortex sheet behind each blade. Though, differing from orthodox linear vortex models the pitch of the mentioned helicoid is assumed to be a model's free parameter serving for filling calculated integral characteristics (thrust, torque, efficiency) experimental data. An algorithm is given for the calculated determination of this parameter with account for radial non-uniformity of axial and circumferential wake velocities. On a number of examples the efficiency of the proposed. The algorithm is demonstrated and it was implemented in the computer code SPD-96 (Abbreviation for Skew Propeller Design) capable to carry out the hydrodynamic design of propellers (including those with high skew) with prescribed circulation distribution according to the lifting surface theory. A design example for a 72 deg. skew propeller is given. Within the framework of the lifting-line theory in its GLM-modification a generalized optimum condition (GOC) had been obtained earlier (Achkinadze, 1985). This condition takes into account axial and circumferential wake non-uniformity and is also characterized by a more consistent account of profile loss. It is pointed out that many known optimum conditions can be deduced from the GOC and are valid only for usual or generalized linear models. A numerical solution of the integral equation obtained on the basis of the lifting-line theory coupled with the use of induction factors allows one to obtain very accurate optimal circulation distributions together with corresponding values of propeller efficiency al given thrust or torque. The influence of viscosity was taken into account according to A1ishkevich. Some examples are given of successful design of single and contra-rotating propellers. It is shown that at some sufficient wake swirl the obtained optimum circulation distribution is close to that corresponding to the so-called unloading distribution which is usually used for decreasing levels of cavitation noise and vibration. The described screw propeller design method is based on the traditional linear concept but due to proper choice of the free vortex pitch is capable to assure sufficient accuracy in many cases being important for practice. In addition, the method possesses the following advantages: 1) design is guaranteed of wake adapted propellers with full account for axial and circumferential wake velocities; 2) optimization problems are well-posed and can be partly solved analytically; 3) reliable evaluation of propeller efficiency including the case when the blade tip sections are overloaded.
A Consortium Approach to Torsional Vibration
Authors: Wu W-T. , Griffin J. H.
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses a Torsional Vibration Consortium (TVC) and software it developed for computing the torsional vibratory response of drive trains. The TVC consisted of a group of companies, the US Navy and Coast Guard, and a center at Carnegie Mellon University whose goal was to improve methods for predicting the vibratory response of drive trains by: 1) developing a shared database of component models, 2) utilizing a common analytical computer program for computing torsional response, 3) encouraging standardization of component models and calculation methods, 4) evaluating the accuracy of analytical methods through the comparison of predictions with experimental measurements, and 5) developing improved component models and analytical methods.
Croyances associées à la participation à une activité de dépistage des infections transmissibles sexuellement et par le sang chez des élèves de 4e et 5e secondaire
Authors: Lavoie Carol-Ann , Boudreau François
Published: February 2022

Introduction: In Quebec, in recent years, a steady rise in cases of chlamydia and a rapid grow of cases of gonorrhoea among young people aged 15 to 24 years have been observed. Asymptomatic screening for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) is one way to prevent their spread. However, despite the accessibility of STBBI screening services, including in school settings, the participation rate of young people aged 15 to 24 remains modest. Objective: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, identify beliefs that predict the intention of secondary 4 and 5 students to consult with the school nurse to participate in STBBI screening. Method: 294 students in Secondary 4 and 5 completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, in addition to the moral norm and the anticipated regret. Results: The results of the multiple regression analyses show that 5 beliefs are more related to the intention of youth to participate in an STBBI screening activity: "being reassured (if I don't have an STBBI)", "wasting my time", "the support of people important to me", "fear of having an STBBI" and "being shy". Discussion and conclusion: The results suggest that a communication strategy targeting 5 specific beliefs could increase the intention of the secondary 4 and 5 youth to participate in an STBBI screening activity.
Public Spending on Education in the Canadian Provinces: Some Comments on Ellis’ Paper Toward Reframing Rather than Recycling Old Ideas About Educational Expenditures
Authors: Hunter Darryl M.
Published: February 2022

This short article provides a critique of Dr. Ellis’ paper in a recent edition of the Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy (CJEAP), focusing on where future Canadian research in educational finance can have practical implications rather than simply offering transitory displays of polemical fireworks.
The Impact of globalization upon sovereignty of the state
Authors: Kharybin Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the sovereignty of the state in modern world. The author underlines the contradictory nature of globalization and contrasts of opinions of various social groups on it. It is noted that the antagonists of globalization confirm the importance of this process. This article examines the history of the development of state sovereignty and its current significance. The author explores and generalizes the factors that influence sovereignty of the state in modern world, believing that high level of national culture plays the key role and allows avoiding negative consequences of globalization and take all possible advantages. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive analysis of the impact of globalization upon sovereignty of the state, as well as in original classification of the factors influencing globalization, among which is the emergence of uncontrolled spheres of life, strengthening of the role of international organizations, existence of transnational corporations, international law, creation of integration associations, dominance of the United States in modern world. It is also noted that sovereignty of the state has never been absolute. The author summarizes the views of researchers on the importance and consequences of globalization, as well as advances and substantiates the thesis on the key role of national culture in the struggle against negative consequences of globalization.
The peculiarities of emotional impact and therapeutic characteristics of wooden sculptures
Authors: Cheglakov Aleksandr Dmitrievich
Published: February 2022

This article explores the ability of wooden sculptures and objects to influence the psycho-emotional state of a person. It is noted that the gradually expanding gap between man and nature, reflected in rapid development of the large cities and transition of the natural factor therein shifts to the background, generates fundamentally new problematic research and applied field, which requires the creation of operational mechanisms to relieve the escalating tension in a situation of alienation from nature. One of the latest achievements of the European Scientific Community is reference to this topic as the nature deficit disorder, as well as the emerging attempts to solve this issue via natural therapies – specific methods of interaction between man and nature. The article traces and analyzes the possibility of using wooden sculpture as one of instruments for stabilization of psycho-emotional and physical state of a person through interaction with natural material of laconic and natural forms. Thus, the creation of wooden sculptures and their inclusion in training, educational and rehabilitation programs testifies to the characteristics of wooden sculpture as an affordable and effective therapeutic instrument.
Spatial distribution characteristics of vacuum arc plasma with occluded deuterium electrode
Authors: Li Jie , Zheng Le , Dong Pan , Long Ji-Dong , Wang Tao , Liu Fei-Xiang ,   Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China,   Graduate School of CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China,   Sichuan XW Bank, Chengdu 610000, China
Published: February 2022

There are many kinds of ions in vacuum arc discharge plasma, which have different distributions in space. In this paper, a compact magnetic analyzer is developed for studying the spatial distribution of deuterium ions and metal ions in vacuum arc discharge with occluded deuterium electrode. When the arc current is about 100 A, the device can effectively transfer the ion beam with good secondary electron suppression, and can accurately obtain the ion current intensity. The spatial distribution of deuterium ions and titanium ions in the vacuum arc discharge with TiD electrode are measured by this device. The results show that both deuterium ions and Titanium ions are Gaussian distribution in the radial direction, but deuterium ions are evenly distributed, while titanium ions are relatively concentrated near the axis, resulting in the lowest proportion of deuterium ions near the axis. Along the axis, the number of all ions decreases as a natural exponential function, and the relative magnitudes are approximately equal, so the proportion of deuterium ions is almost constant. The results of this study not only help to understand the plasma expansion process of vacuum arc discharge, but also guide the design of vacuum arc ion source with occluded deuterium electrode and its ion extraction.
Dual circularly polarized Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector for high gain and high aperture efficiency
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Yu , Liu Hai-Wen , Chen Zhi-Jiao , Dong Liang , Chang Le , Gao Meng-Ying ,   School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China,   Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
Published: February 2022

Based on the ray-tracing model, a new method of achieving a high gain and high aperture efficiency Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector is proposed. The proposed Fabry-Perot antenna is composed of a dual circularly polarized patch antenna feed and the metamaterial-based corner reflector. The metamaterial-based corner reflector consists of four phase correction metasurfaces and a partially reflective surface. First, theory and analysis of the Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector are presented. Then, the performances of the dual circularly polarized antenna feed, the traditional Fabry-Perot antenna, and the Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector are compared among each other and analyzed. Finally, the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) gain and the measured right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) gain of the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna are 21.4 dBi and 21.3 dBi, respectively. Comparing with the antenna feed, the LHCP gain and RHCP gain of the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna are enhanced by 16.4 dB and 16.3 dB, respectively. Compared with the traditional Fabry-Perot antenna, the metamaterial-based corner reflector acts as both a reflection surface and a phase correction surface. It manipulates the propagation direction and phase of electromagnetic wave. The proposed Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain, high aperture efficiency and low sidelobe at 2.8 GHz paves the way for developing the solar radio telescope and conducting the observation.
Sums involving generalized harmonic and Daehee numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Kocaeli, Ömür Neşe , Koparal Sibel ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Bursa Uludağ
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we establish some sums involving generalized harmonic and Daehee numbers which are derived from the generating functions. For example, for $n, r\geq 1,$ \begin{eqnarray*} \sum_{i=0}^{n}H\left( i,r-1,\alpha \right) H_{n-i}^{r}\left( \alpha \right) &=&\sum_{l_{1}+l_{2}+ \cdots +l_{r+1}=n}H_{l_{1}}(\alpha )H_{l_{2}}(\alpha ) \cdots H_{l_{r+1}}(\alpha ). \end{eqnarray*}
Different computations over the same inputs produce selective behavior in algorithmic brain networks
Authors: Jaworska Katarzyna , Yan Yuening , van Rijsbergen Nicola J , Ince Robin AA , Schyns Philippe G
Published: February 2022

A key challenge in neuroimaging remains to understand where, when, and now particularly how human brain networks compute over sensory inputs to achieve behavior. To study such dynamic algorithms from mass neural signals, we recorded the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity of participants who resolved the classic XOR, OR, and AND functions as overt behavioral tasks (N = 10 participants/task, N-of-1 replications). Each function requires a different computation over the same inputs to produce the task-specific behavioral outputs. In each task, we found that source-localized MEG activity progresses through four computational stages identified within individual participants: (1) initial contralateral representation of each visual input in occipital cortex, (2) a joint linearly combined representation of both inputs in midline occipital cortex and right fusiform gyrus, followed by (3) nonlinear task-dependent input integration in temporal-parietal cortex, and finally (4) behavioral response representation in postcentral gyrus. We demonstrate the specific dynamics of each computation at the level of individual sources. The spatiotemporal patterns of the first two computations are similar across the three tasks; the last two computations are task specific. Our results therefore reveal where, when, and how dynamic network algorithms perform different computations over the same inputs to produce different behaviors.
Deciphering the Heteropterys pannosa species complex (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Amorim André M. , Marinho Lucas C. , Francener Augusto
Published: February 2022

We describe three new species of Malpighiaceae that are endemic to central Brazil and related to the Heteropterys pannosa complex, a group of xylopodiferous, unbranched subshrubs with fruit in mericarps that have a strongly reduced or no dorsal wing. Heteropterys tocantinensis is more common in eastern Tocantins State and on the border with Bahia State, and there are a few records from Mato Grosso State. Heteropterys veadeirensis is restricted to northern Goiás State and H. walteri has a wider distribution, occurring in some municipalities in northern Goiás and southern Tocantins. Additionally, we also provide detailed redescriptions of H. pannosa and H. rosmarinifolia, the two previously known species in this complex. All species are considered Endangered (EN) based on IUCN criteria, especially due to the low area of occupancy. Illustrations, distribution maps, and information about phenology and habitat are also provided for all taxa.
A Topographical Study of Nutrient Foramen in Human Fibulae
Authors: Moolya Prashant Mohan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The fibula is very well known amongst the surgeons for their usage in bone grafting. The vascularised bone graft is necessary for successful procedure. The vasculature of the bone graft is maintained by procuring the intact nutrient artery along the donor site of the bone. The nutrient artery enters the shaft of the bone through the nutrient foramen. The topographical study of nutrient foramen in human fibulae will benefit the operating surgeons in the surgical procedures like open reduction fracture of the fibula and bone grafting. Aim: To record the position, location, number and direction of the nutrient foramen of the fibula. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on 100 human dried fibulae obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Seth GSMC and KEM hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India were done from February 2013 to July 2013. A magnifying hand lens and a thin stiff wire to confirm the number and direction of nutrient foramen were used. The lengths of the fibulae were measured and divided into three equal parts. The position and location were determined by identifying the anatomical position and the side of the fibula. The simple statistical method by calculating frequency (n) and percentages (%) in all categories and sub-categories of the collected data was applied to the study. Results: In 17.24% of fibulae the foramen was directed towards the growing end. In 7% of fibulae, there was no foramen, 23% fibulae were having two foramina, and 70% were having one foramen. The nutrient foramen was located maximally on the posterior surface of the fibula (84.48%) and in the middle one- third (81.03%). Conclusion: This study has provided information on the topography of nutrient foramen of the fibula. This knowledge will be useful in certain surgical procedures to preserve the vascularity of fibula.
Sex Determination of Dry Human Mandible Using Metrical Parameters in Mahakaushal Region of Madhya Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kanwar Rajeshwari , Gajbhiye Nisha , Dhakar Jagmohan Singh , Kanwar Indrapal Singh
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Determination of sex and age from skeletal remains is not only important for forensic science but also for Anatomy, Forensic Odontology, Anthropology and Palaeontology examination. Mandible next to the pelvis in human remains help us in the identification of age, sex, and race. Aim: To determine sex by using metrical parameters in dry human mandible. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study contained 104 dry human mandibles of undetermined age and unknown sex (as they were not recorded at the time of acquisition) belonging to the Indian population was obtained from NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. All adult (mandible with presence of bilateral molar teeth; prominent alveolar sockets; intact condylar and coronoid processes; well- developed bone), intact and well-formed mandible were taken and broken, deformed, pathological bones were excluded. Statistically analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 16.0. results: Out of the 13 parameters studied statistically highly significant difference in sex was observed in bicondylar breadth, bigonial breadth, coronoid breadth, angle of mandible, mandibular length, diagonal length and coronoid height, length of lower jaw. conclusion: The present study utilises the 13 different metrical parameters. The application of these 13 metrical parameters along with morphological features could be a useful tool for sex determination of the mandible.
A Cross-sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Cholelithiasis
Authors: Sethulakshmi S , Vineed S , Mohammed Serbin
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Gallstones are one among the common gastrointestinal illness requiring hospitalisation and frequently occur in middle- aged otherwise healthy people with a prevalence of 10 to 15%. Women are more frequently affected than men. Most patients remain asymptomatic from their gallstones and remain silent throughout life. One major factor contributing to cholesterol stone formation is high concentration of cholesterol and lipids in bile secretion from liver. Changes in human behaviour and lifestyle over the last few decades have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of dyslipidaemia and gallstone disease worldwide. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with gallstones. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 82 patients who were admitted in a tertiary care centre with gall stone confirmed by ultrasound abdomen, during the period between November 2016 to October 2017. Patients with dyslipidaemia taking medicine were excluded. Data were entered in structured data sheet which includes all the variables and results were expressed in frequency and percentage. Results: Forty-two patients were found to have dyslipidaemia and the prevalence was found to be 51.2%. Maximum prevalence of cholelithiasis was found in the 41-50 years age group (58.5%). Fifty-six were females (68.3%). Twenty-four patients had very high Serum Low Density Lipoprotiens (LDL) levels. Twenty-three had high levels of Triglycerides (TG) (28%). Six had very low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level (7.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia estimated was 51.2%. Of the fractions of serum lipids, the LDL and triglycerides level elevations was more commonly detected in patients with gall stone.
Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Basal Ganglia with APGAR Score in Perinatal Asphyxia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chandrashekar HM , Shobhalakshmi CS , Jithendra N , Mohan S
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Birth asphyxia is leading cause of perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries. Around 20% of neonatal deaths in India are due to birth asphyxia. There are around one million cases of birth asphyxia per year worldwide. Majority of deaths and disabilities can be prevented by timely identification of pathologies and early initiation of rehabilitation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) plays a vital role by helping in identification of such pathologies. Aim: To assess the severity of injury to brain in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy infants using MRI and MRS which helps in prognosticating the disease outcome. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 term infants with low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, from all the Hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from November 2018 to May 2020. Patients were subjected to brain MRI and basal ganglia MRS. All MR imaging examinations were performed on a SIEMENS magneto Avanto 1.5 Tesla system. Conventional MR imaging findings were documented and MR spectroscopy values of Basal Ganglia (BG) N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), Creatinine (Cr), Choline (Cho) and lactate were obtained. Metabolite levels were correlated with APGAR scores by performing Pearson correlation. Chi-square test was applied with Fisher’s-exact correction to see the association between lactate peak and diffusion changes in brain. Results: A total of 30 term neonates with low APGAR score at birth were selected, of which 12 were females and 18 were males. Babies with APGAR score of 2 at one minute showed only subcortical and parasagittal areas of diffusion restriction. Basal ganglia diffusion restriction is noted only in babies with very low APGAR score of 1 at one minute. Positive correlation was noted between APGAR score and BG-NAA and BG-Cr. Negative correlation was noted between BG-Cho and APGAR score. Hence, BG-NAA:Cr, NAA:Cho and Cho:Cr can be used to assess severity of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Basal ganglia is a sensitive region in defining asphyxia related metabolite abnormalities. Involvement of basal ganglia and thalamus indicates severe asphyxia. BG metabolite levels may alter even in the absence of brain changes on MR imaging. Presence of lactate peak indicates severe asphyxia. Thus, MRS helps in early diagnosis of birth asphyxia, grading of its severity and prognostication.
Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injury in North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jain Aakansh , Singh Sandesh , Upadhyaya DN , Mishra B
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Epidemiological studies on Brachial Plexus Injuries (BPI) are in limited numbers. Such epidemiological factors can be different in different countries. Aim: To determine the epidemiological factors on brachial plexus injuries in North Indian tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in which all patients of brachial plexus injury who underwent surgery for same in Department of Plastic Surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to December 2019 were included. Those who were managed conservatively were excluded from study. Their demographic and epidemiological factors like type of injury, limb involvement, nature of trauma were evaluated. Data was tabulated and results were expressed in terms of numbers and percentages. Results: There were total 221 patients,out of which 147 patients had pan brachial plexus involvement and 74 patients suffered from partial involvement of brachial plexus roots. Majority of the patients had their right upper limb involved (n=139). Motor cycle accidents (n=155) were the primary cause followed by four wheeler accident (n=25) and fall from height (n=18). Conclusion: Brachial plexus injury is a challenge for surgeons. Road Traffic Accidents are the dominant cause of these injuries and among them motorcycle accidents remained the major cause.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients undergoing Intracutaneously and Transcutaneously Sutured Ileostomy to Prevent Stoma Related Complications- A Cohort Study
Authors: Choudhary Devendra , Vaidya Kunal
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ileostomy plays an important role in the emergency settings when faecal diversion procedure would be lifesaving. As it is known that each procedure has some complications, ileostomy is no different than having a plethora of complications ranging from early to late complications. Aim: To determine outcomes in patients undergoing intracutaneously compared with transcutaneously sutured ileostomy to prevent stoma related complications. MaterialsandMethods:Aprospectivecohortstudywasconducted on 130 patients who received a loop ileostomy from October 2018 till August 2020. Patients were placed in either transcutaneously sutured ileostomy group (n=70) or intracutaneously sutured ileostomy group (n=60), on the basis of surgeon’s choice. Patients were followed for a period of three months after surgery and its outcomes (complications like peristomal dermatitis, ischaemia, prolapse etc.,) were assessed and compared using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp.) and independent sample’s t-test. Results: The mean age for intracutaneously sutured ileostomy was 38.62±19.01 years and that for transcutaneously sutured ileostomy was 33.89±13.25 years. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (p=0.420). There was no significant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of gender (p=0.753). Nearly half of the patients (43.9%) suffered from peristomal leakage 33 (55%) in intracutaneously sutured ileostomy and 24 (34.3%) in transcutaneously sutured ileostomy (p-value- 0.018) leading to peristomal dermatitis. Conclusion: Transcutaneous suturing technique have shown to decrease incidence of peristomal leakage leading to skin irritation (peristomal dermatitis). Other stoma related complications did not differ between the two techniques.
Correlation of Anteroposterior Diameter of Abdomen with CT Dose Index and Dose Length Product in Abdomen CT Scan- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Parthasarathy Ramesh , Rajamani Anand , Parthasarathy Ealai Athmarao , Ilangovan Gurubharath , Sudhan VS Akhil
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) remains an important tool in diagnostic imaging. Establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) is highly recommended in order to have a check on the radiation exposure. Aim: To study the correlation between the Anteroposterior (AP) diameter of abdomen with the CT Dose Index (CTDI) and Dose Length Product (DLP) in those who underwent abdomen CT scan. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, in the Department of Radiology during January 2019 to April 2019. The data of 66 patients (44 males and 22 females, aged 18-80 years), who have undergone CT scan during study period of three months were retrieved from CT console. Axial, coronal, sagittal reconstructions and diameter was measured on axial plane. CTDI and DLP of plane abdomen scan were noted from the dose information from the procedure. CTDI (mGr) and DLP (mGr) were considered as primary outcome variables. Association was assessed by calculating pearson correlation coefficient(r). The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Co-guide software was used for data analysis. Results: There was a moderate positive correlation between AP diameter and CTDI (mGr) (r-value: 0.684, p-value: <0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between AP diameter and DLP (mGr) (r-value=0.713, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The AP diameter of abdomen and CTDI, DLP has positive correlation. Hence, dosage optimisation should be done considering the diameters as indicator.
The Role of GTF2H1 and SULF1 Gene Polymorphisms in T2DM
Authors: Raza Waseem , Malik Sonia , Noor Sadaf , Qousain Syeda Tahira , Hussain Syed Bilal , Muhammad Syed Aun
Published: February 2022

Genetic variations could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide, however, the percentage is higher in the South Asian region. In this study, we observed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GTF2H1 and SULF1 genes to find the association of smoking leading to T2DM. A total of 150 individuals (100 T2DM patients and 50 controls) were included in this study. Tetra ARMS-PCR was performed to study polymorphic genotyping. The data showed non-significant allelic associations of GTF2H1 rs4150558 (P=0.389228) and SULF1 rs6990375 (P=0.45124) confidence for smoking with T2DM occurrence. Both T2DM cases and controls were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium indicated the significant outcomes. The pooled odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the association between GTF2H4 and SULF1 polymorphisms and the risk of smoking, age, depression, energy-rich diet, obesity, and alcohol consumption adverse effects. Smoking was not found progressive risk factor of T2DM as compared to cholesterol level, depression, hormonal imbalance, healthy diet, or energy-rich diet. This study revealed that the irrational style of individuals of Southern Punjab brought a significant change in SNPs and is a greater risk for the progression of this T2DM. These molecular variants GTF2H1 and SULF1 could be used as genetic biomarkers to find the association of smoking with cancer but not with T2DM.
Covid-19 Pandemic and the Informal Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable SMEs
Authors: Joan N. Ozoh , Anthony A. Uzodigwe , Geraldine E. Nzeribe
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 epidemic has generated an unprecedented health crisis, with numerous terrible outcomes, and has impacted every element of social and corporate activity around the world, putting around half of the world's economic activity under stress, as well as supply chains. This study examined the implication of Covid-19 pandemic on the sustainability of small and micro entrepreneur business in the informal sector in Nigeria with specific focus on Ose market in Onitsha, Anambra State. The study specifically analyzed the effect of covid 19 on informal SME, extent of risk and vulnerability and how small and micro businesses were sustained within the period of pandemic. Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 150 small and micro entrepreneurs business in the informal sector in Onitsha from which data used for the study were collected. Primary data was collected using questionnaire instruments. The study reveals that, Covid-19 exerted significant effect on small and medium scale entrepreneurs in the informal sector and that small and medium scale businesses are vulnerable and prone to risk. The study therefore, recommends among other things that government should provide safety net to small and medium scale business in form of zero interest loan and other forms of government assistance in order to cushion the effect of covid-19.
Mineral Based Boards Made from Lignocellulosic Wastes. Part 2. Chemical and Technological Properties
Authors: Sahin Halil Turgut , Yalcin Omer Umit , Kaya Ali Ihsan
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate experimental panels produced from mixture of agriculture wastes with mineral adducts under synthetic adhesive bonding process. In this respect, the effects of the two different mineral loading as reinforced additive (olivine and dolomite) in lignocellulosic matrix (agricultural residue of tomato- and eggplant stalk chips) system were investigated. The highest heat conductivity value of l: 0.461 W/mK and 0.449 W/mK was found on panels that made only from tomato stalk- and eggplant stalk chips (controls) while lowering effects were found when dolomite and olivine added to matrix at various proportions. But all heat conductivity value were found to be lower than standard value (l: <0.065 W/mK). However, all the experimental panels show the burning pattern on the surfaces which char did not reach the 150 mm threshold limit, regardless of board formulations or experimental conditions. It could be proposed that proportions of olivine and dolomite as reinforcing element in lignocellulosic matrix have a lowering effects on flame spreading at certain extent. It is notable that mass loss (%) properties of samples were found to be quite different from the insulation values. For dolomite-based panels, the lowest mass loss values were found to be 8.83% and 9.97% for boards prepared from similar proportion (1:1, w/w, %) of dolomite-tomato stalk chips (XTV) and dolomite-eggplant stalk chips (XEV), respectively. For dolomite-based panels, the lowest mass loss of 6.79% and 9.11% were found to be boards produced from 30% tomato stalks chip and 70% olivine (YTIII), 60% eggplant stalk chip and 40% olivine in mixture proportions (YEIV), respectively. It is realized that the panels produced with mineral additives show higher degradation temperature with less mass loses (%, w/w) than controls. These are clear evidence that the presence of dolomite and olivine with lignocellulosic matter make panels more durable against fire and significantly reduces the mass loss. The FTIR spectra show characteristic spectrum of lignocellulose structure concentrate in the range of 800–3500 cm-1 and the major peaks in that range had been identified.
Effect of Altitudinal Gradient and Selected Land-use Systems on the Physicochemical Properties of Soils in the Eastern Flank of Mount Cameroon
Authors: Tangunyi Eleanor E. , Asongwe Godswill A. , Mbene Kenneth , Fomenky Norbert N. , Bame Irene B. , Fonjong Lotsmart N. , Tening Aaron S.
Published: February 2022

The physicochemical properties of soils within the Mount Cameroon region are constantly changing due to their altitudinal gradient and diverse land-use systems. This modification poses a threat to the inhabitants of this area as their livelihood depends on these soils. Information about an impact of altitude and land-use systems on soil physicochemical properties in the eastern flank of Mount Cameroon is scanty and needs investigation. Soil samples, collected from different land-use systems along altitudinal gradients within the Buea zone (older lava flow) and Ekona zone (20th century lava flow), were analysed for their physicochemical properties using standard methods. The relationships among soil properties; altitude and land-use systems were established using correlation analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Sand and clay varied significantly (p<0.05) with altitude. Soils under mixed cropping with legumes had the highest pH values while those under mixed cropping without legumes had the lowest pH values. Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) dominated the exchange complex. Total nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (OC) ranged from 0.18 % and 1.50 %, respectively in soils under mixed cropping without legumes to 0.81 % and 6.55 %, respectively in soils under fallow land. There were significant (p<0.05) positive correlations between pH and Ca2+, pH and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), pH and moisture content (MC), and Ca2+ and MC. Soils from the Ekona zone located at the leeward side of the mountain and receiving more essential nutrients from the weathering of the young lava flow had a better-quality potential compared to soils from the Buea zone located at the foot of an older lava flow. The Ekona zone could be harnessed for extensive agricultural activities. Management practices should therefore take into account all cultural practices, which enrich soils for sustainable crop production and soil maintenance.
Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Spontaneous Leafy Vegetables of Interest from the Marahoué (Côte D'ivoire) Region and Their Traditional Home Made Sauces
Authors: Gladys Doue Ginette , Germain Vanie-Bi Irié , Thierry Zoue Lessoy , Michel Zouzou
Published: February 2022

Local plant resources with high nutritional potential including wild leafy vegetables are an essential link in strategies to promote food security for low-income populations. However, little attention is paid to them, even in localities where their consumption is limited to the lean season. Thus, the evaluation of the nutritional contribution of five major spontaneous leafy vegetables (Acalypha ciliata – AC, Celosia trygina – CT, Cleome gynandra – CG, Solanum nigrum – SN, and Sesammum radiatum – SR) from the Marahoué region (Côte d'Ivoire) and their sauces was carried out. Biochemical properties were investigated. The five spontaneous leafy vegetables very rich in water contained carotenoids (251 for CG and 48.71 for SR), total polyphenols (5138.31 for CT and 1483.51 for SR), flavonoids (44.21 for CT and 7.86 for AC), and tannins (874.85 for CT and 356.00 for AC), in mg/100g DM, respectively in high concentrations. Protein, ash, lipid and fiber contents were similar to those of cultivated leafy vegetables. Only, the traditional method allowed a retention rate of 9.10 to 30.11% of micronutrients with antioxidant potential. The residual contents are sufficient to cover the needs of children and women. Spontaneous leafy vegetables are therefore good sources of molecules with antioxidant value to be valued in the context of the prevalence of diseases related to oxidative stress.
An Economic Analysis of Tomato Cultivation under Polyhouse Condition
Authors: Rajawat K. S. , Ameta K. D. , Tak J. K. , Jat S. L. , Singh Mohan
Published: February 2022

A study was conducted at Hi-Tech Unit, Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur to evaluate the effect of different nutrient sources in tomato under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse. The study comprises eight treatment combinations with four replications under completely randomized design. The present investigation was undertaken with a view to work out the costs and returns from polyhouse grown tomato under low cost naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Polyhouse cultivation of tomato is emerging as specialized production technology to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses during off-season and also ensure round the year production of tomato. Application with 50 per cent organic and 50 per cent inorganic fertilizers was found best in terms of economic feasibility in tomato as it produced the highest gross return (Rs. 266200.00/1000 m2 area), net return (Rs. 188420.00) and net return per rupee investment (2.42) and was also found to be superior in terms of good quality produce. These results suggested that the optimum production and net return can be obtained with the integrated application of 50 per cent organic and 50 per cent inorganic fertilizers.
Climate Change and Trend Analysis of 24-Hourly Annual Maximum Series Using Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope Methods for Rainfall IDF Modeling
Authors: Sam Masi G. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Ikebude Chiedozie
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is the establishment of the existence of trend and variability on a typical 24-hourly sorted thirty years (1986-2015) annual maximum series (AMS) and maximum monthly series (MMS) rainfall data for Uyo metropolis in Nigeria. Data were downscaled into shorter durations of 0.25, 0.5, …,12 hours. The statistical tool applied for the study was the Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen Slope estimator. The results showed that there exists increasing trend for all durations analyzed with consistency in the test statistic results. The MK statistic lZl  for the AMS varied between 3.1701 and 3.2827 while that of MMS was 4.756, were greater than critical Z = 1.96. Also, the computed p-value for the AMS varied between 0.0012 and 0.0015, and were lower than the significant level of alpha,  = 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis of no trend was rejected. Similarly, the Sen Slope estimator gave an average rate of change in rainfall as 2.1288 and 2.16 mm/year for AMS and MMS time series data, respectively. The result from the Sen Slope estimator indicated that the magnitude of the trend decreased as the duration of rainfall increased such that shorter duration exhibited more trend than higher duration. The results of the MK trend and Sen Slope analysis proved that both test exhibited high degree of consistency with statistically significant positive trend and variability. These results have provided further evidence of an accelerated alarming rate in climate change increasing trend in Uyo metropolis and perhaps the environs. Therefore, planning for effective and accurate rainfall prediction for annual maximum time series data with established variability in trend will require adoption of non-stationary concept to account for the influence of changing climatic parameters in intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) modeling.
Impact of Different Sowing Windows and Legume Intercrops on the Incidence of Fall Army Worm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Yield of Hybrid Maize in Western Agro Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sowmiya R. , Krishnan R. , Karthikeyan R. , Jeyarani S. , Chandrasekhar C. N.
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was undertaken during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2019 to study the influence of different sowing windows and intercropping of legumes on the level of infestation of fall armyworm on maize crop. Three dates of sowing were adopted in each season and intercrops like cowpea, soybean, sunnhemp, and tephrosia were included besides sole maize with and without insecticide sprays. The results showed that the maize sown during July and October months has reported less FAW infestation and provided a higher grain yield than the rest of the sowing windows taken in Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively. The maize intercropped with cowpea and sunnhemp has performed well in terms of yield and the leaf damage was also found to be lower apart from the insecticide applied maize crop.
An Evaluation of Technical Efficiency and Garret Ranking Technique of Paddy and Wheat Farmers in Dabra Block Gwalior District M.P.
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Jaulkar A. M. , Srivastava S. C. , Singh V. B.
Published: February 2022

Objective: An evaluation of technical efficiency and garret ranking technique of paddy and wheat farmers has been conducted.

Methods: Multistage random sampling method was used to acquire sample farmer. A list of paddy and wheat growing farmers was prepared from Dabra block and twenty villages were selected randomly thereafter, a list of paddy and wheat farmers from each selected village was prepared then classified into five major categories on the basis of their land holding i.e. marginal(less than 1ha), small (1-2 ha), semi medium (2-4 ha), medium (4-10 ha), and large (greater than 10 ha). Then a sample of 30 farmers were selected in each category by simple random sampling technique under proportionate allocation from 20 villages treated as strata thus, 150 paddy and 150 wheat farmers were selected hence total sample size were 300.

Finding: The likelihood test ratio (LR test) for the inefficiency term on paddy farms was observed at 32.91 which was significant and suggesting that the inefficiency component is present in the model. In the case of wheat farms, the likelihood test ratio (LR test) was noted 1.02 which was insignificant and suggesting that the inefficiency component is not present in the model. The highest technical efficiency (88%) was found on the paddy farms as comparison to wheat farms (72%).This implied that on an average 12 per cent and 28 per cent of the technical potential was not achieved by paddy and wheat growers respectively.

Novelty: The studies establish that wheat farmers have more opportunity to amplify the yield by adopting modern crop management practices, training activities as compared to paddy farmers.
Theoretical Study of the Charge Transfer of Five Derivatives of Tetrathiafulvalene Complexed with Unsubstituted Tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Diarrassouba Fatogoma , Bamba Kafoumba , Koné Mawa , Ehouman Ahissan Donatien , Ziao Nahossé
Published: February 2022

Our work consisted of a theoretical study of the charge transfer of five Tetrathiafulvalene- Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) complexes. Global reactivity and charge transfer descriptors were determined at theory level B3LYP/6-311G (d,p). These descriptors revealed that the Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) has a reducing character when the Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) has an oxidizing character, the oxidation-reduction reaction between these two molecules is a polar reaction characterized by a high charge transfer, the electronic flow moves from TTF to TCNQ and the conductivity of these charge transfer complexes increases when the HOMOTTF-LUMOTCNQ energy gap decreases. When the dipole moment of TTF molecules increases, the conductivity of the complexes they form with unsubstituted TCNQ increases and leads to high charge transfer. We intend to deepen this study by proposing new complexes with more improved electrical properties.