bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Iranian adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aryaie Mohammad , Sharifi Hamid , Khorrami Zahra , Ardalan Gelayol , Rajaei Leila , Heydari Gholamreza , Shahesmaeili Armita
Published: March 2021

Background: Cigarette smoking is a shared risk factor for a variety of health conditions. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian adolescents and young adults. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and domestic databases from January 2001 to December 2018. Cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of cigarette smoking among high school students, university students or general population aged 14–30 years were eligible. Data on prevalence of smoking, age and gender of subjects, sample size, date, and location of studies were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results: We included 99 studies in the analysis. For high school students, the pooled life-time prevalence of cigarette smoking was 13% in girls and 23% in boys. For university students, the life-time prevalence was 11% in women and 33% in men. The pooled prevalence of current and regular smoking among high school boys was 9% and 5%, respectively, compared with 3% and 1% in girls. The pooled prevalence of current and regular smoking among male university students was 22% and 11%, respectively, compared with 5% and 1% among female students. The prevalence of current smoking among the general population aged 15–24 years was 3.3–13.9%. The prevalence of regular smoking among this population was 1.0–10.2%. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is notable among Iranian young adults especially boys and university students. Our findings call for reinforcement of tobacco prevention and control policies across Iranian schools and universities.
Stages of Development of Sberbank as a Reflection of Changes of the State
Authors: Novikov O. , Manenkov A. , Borshchigova D.
Published: March 2021

The research team, consisting of a political scientist and two young international finance specialists, made an interdisciplinary investigation on Sberbank to understand the prerequisites of its current state. To achieve this, the authors checked the history, principles of operation and the relationship of Sberbank with different political institutions, including the national state as the main one of these. We discovered that Sberbank changed drastically parallel to the changes of the state — founded as a transparent, stable saving institution during tsarist Russian Empire it absorbed all the controversy of later epochs with its “crescendo” in the 1990s. Much has been already saying about the citizens’ deposits, made before 1991 and later claimed “burnt” or “zeroed”, but the authors tried to add some arguments trying to represent alternative points of view and calculate the scales of citizens’ financial losses. The paper contains the analysis of the most important facts and stages of development of the organisation since the foundation till recent years.
The Macroeconomic Implications of Climate Change on Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case for Sustainable Development
Authors: Sandalli A.
Published: March 2021

While climate change has harsh universal impacts, it is believed that its negative effects fall disproportionately on hotter, developing regions. This paper examines these claims using a panel datasets for 84 OECD and Sub- Saharan African countries between 1970–2018. I document both the evolution of country-specific temperatures and the long-term economic impact of temperature and precipitation variations on GDP per-capita. Using a panel auto-regressive distributed lag model on the sample mentioned above, I found that temperatures have unanimously increased for all sample-countries and that variations in temperature above historical norms significantly reduced income-growth. No significant relationship was found between precipitation and income growth. When interacting ‘poor’ and ‘hot’ country variables, I found that temperature variations disproportionately affected both hotter and poorer Sub-Saharan African countries. In OECD countries, temperatures have increased more quickly relative to their historical norms than Sub-Saharan African countries. Finally, while poorer and developing countries are more adversely affected by temperature variations, they seem to recover more quickly from temperature shocks than sample averages. I explain these results and link them to potential policy implications regarding global sustainable development and greenhouse gas abatement.
Conflict Resolution in the Performance of Collaborative Governance: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tando Cahyoko Edi , Sudarmo Sudarmo , Haryanti Rina Herlina
Published: March 2021

Conflict is one of the problems that occurs when every human, organization, and the social life of the organization. Conflict can be reviewed through the root of existing problems that can be internal or can be external. The science of public administration has the right resolution in dealing with the mechanism of collaborative governance. The literature review approach applied was based on scientific journals published in the database. The database that the authors used were Scopus, Science Direct, and Taylor and Francis Group. The result of this research showed that the implementation of the proposed collaborative governance form of cooperation structure and the policy then is the creation of the community plan making. Furthermore, the types of conflicts resolved by collaborative governance in the 2015-2019 period were the source of conflicts that often occur in that period. Researchers suggested that researching collaborative governance can be developed in government so that it can be implemented in overcoming various public problems.
Gender, Stress and Smoking Behavior on Young Adults in Banda Aceh
Authors: Novriana Hasmelia , Faradina Syarifah , Afriani Afriani
Published: March 2021

Young adult is a period of adaptation from adolescence to adulthood. The young adult is vulnerable to the onset of stress due to various demands and problems at hand. Stress is often associated with harmful behaviour one being smoking. Not only men but women are now becoming smokers too. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between gender, stress, and smoking behaviours in young adults in Banda Aceh. This research used the correlation research design. Incidental sampling technique was used with a total sample of 105 people (57 male smokers and 48 female smokers). Data was collected using an adapted version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42). Hypothesis test using the Spearman correlation test technique showed a significance of r = 0.37 (p) 0.00 (<0.05) on the relationship between gender and stress which means that women have higher stress than men. Results also showed there is a relationship between gender and smoking behaviour with a significance of r = -0.42 (p) 0.00 (>0.05), which means that men have a higher level of cigarette consumption than women.
Rational Analysis for Understanding Skewed Steel Bridge Cross-Frame Behavior
Authors: Bougacha Samir , Cai Hongwei , Booher Jeffry , Newlin Marshall
Published: March 2021

The design of skewed I-girder steel bridges is common throughout the country. Such bridges have been fabricated and constructed and have generally performed well. Where issues have been encountered, they were primarily related to bridge construction and, quite often to the torsional behavior of the severely skewed bridge superstructure. Until recently, there have been few analysis and design guidelines available to the structural designer on the construction engineering of the skewed I-girder bridges. AASHTO [1] specifies that the contract documents should state the fit condition for which the cross frames are detailed for I-girder bridges. Recommendations are also provided for the estimation of the cross frame locked-in forces. This paper presents a case study in a fit-up analysis of multi-span skewed I-girder steel bridge using 3D finite element method modeling. Fit-up analysis was carried out to evaluate girder’s web distortions, determine the cross- frames locked-in forces and compare them to the recent AASHTO’s recommendations. The paper should provide designers with a more detailed understanding of a bridge’s behavior in this condition as compared with the more generalized recommendations from AASHTO guidelines.
Load Rating of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge West Span
Authors: Campos Javier E. , Manzanarez Rafael E.
Published: March 2021

The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (SFOBB) West Suspension Spans connect downtown San Francisco to Yerba Buena Island (YBI) and is part of one of the main crossings in the Bay Area. Built in 1936, this historic structure has seen multiple design modifications during its life time, including: switching from fixed rail to standard highway traffic on the lower deck, a comprehensive seismic retrofit comprising the strengthening of truss elements and floor system with additional plates, replacement of rivets with bolts, and addition of utilities and maintenance equipment.

With the structure having exceeded its 80-year mark, it was deemed necessary to evaluate the structural capacity of the bridge and understand the effect of future modifications on the West Span to meet current demands.

The load rating on the superstructure was performed based on the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) method. Some of the highlights of the work included running complex analyses to capture changes in the structure’s loading, seismic retrofits, and any other alteration since 1936. Understanding the bridge design intent and interpreting multiple historic code provisions made this a noteworthy challenge to our team.
Research on Construction Informatization of Railway Steel Bridge Based on BIM in China
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Pan Yongjie , Zhao Xinxin
Published: March 2021

The construction informatization of railway bridges is becoming a significant feature of “intelligent manufacturing" in China's high speed railway (HSR). In order to explore the implementation of “Internet plus steel bridge construction" and further improve the quality and efficiency of construction, digitization and informatization of steel bridge construction have been studied. The overall framework of digital construction of railway steel bridge construction based on the internet of things (IoT) and BIM technology is proposed after analyzing the key process of quality control during the construction of railway steel bridge. And then the virtual reconstruction of railway steel bridge is presented based on the advanced digital technology. Taking the pre-assembly in fabrication stage and the bolted connection in erection stage of steel bridges as two representative examples, the virtual reconstruction information system has been developed and tested in some HSR railway bridge projects in China, which verifies the feasibility and efficiency of digital control virtual reconstruction strategy. The research is meaningful to the future application and development in intelligent construction of railway steel bridges.
Legal support of professional activity
Authors: Pracko Gennadiy
Published: March 2021

This course book is devoted to the issues of legal support of various types of professional activity. Each chapter allows you to master basic knowledge in various legal areas – the textbook examines the basics of the theory of law, constitutional, environmental, administrative, labor and civil law, as well as the basics of business activity, economic disputes and forms of their resolution.

The course book is produced in accordance with state educational standards of higher education and is intended for students and everyone interested in relevant legal issues related to a multifaceted professional activity.
Atık Mantar Kompostunun Geleneksel ve Yeni Kullanım Alanları
Authors: KÖKCÜ Serap , SARIGÜL Nermin
Published: March 2021

Şapkalı mantar yetiştiriciliği yiyecek olarak tercih edilen bir ürün olması nedeni ile her geçen gün artmaktadır. Mantar yetiştiriciliği gıda üretiminin yanında lignoselülozik atık maddelerin biyoteknolojik geri dönüşümünün yapıldığı proseslerden biridir. Kompost içeriği mantar kültürü yapılırken değişmektedir. Lignoselülozik bileşiklerin parçalanması ve antimikrobiyal aktivitenin sağlanması için hücre dışına mantar tarafından enzimler ve kompleks bileşikler salgılanmaktadır. Çeşitli mantar kültürü çalışmaları sonucunda dünya genelinde çok fazla miktarda atık mantar kompostu açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu tür atıkların yakılarak bertaraf edilmesi çevresel açıdan ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Hasat sonrası kalan atık kompost farklı şekillerde kullanılarak değerli ürünlere dönüştürülebilir. Atık mantar kompostunun en yaygın ve geleneksel kullanım alanları; hayvan besleme, ilave katkı maddeleri ile fermentasyonu, biyogaz üretimi esnasında gübreye katılması, gübre ve toprağın iyileştirilmesidir. Son yıllarda atık mantar kompostunun değerli ürünlere çevrilmesi konusunda çalışmalar artmıştır. Yaptığımız derlemede atık mantar kompostunun geleneksel kullanım alanları yanında enzim ve antimikrobiyal madde kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmesine odaklanılmıştır.
COLORS AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Upadhyay Padma , Mahajan Saroj
Published: March 2021

In last 50 years when the scientist become more aware about the environment as a whole, and started analyzing the data of water pollution, they were shocked to know that, 2% to 50% of synthetic dyes used are not utilized and go as a waste in effluents of industries. These dyes are highly soluble in water, resulting in the deterioration of COD and BOD content of the water stream, in which these effluents meet, affecting the flora and fauna of the concern region [3]. Since India is the major exporter and user of these synthetic dyes the situation is more alarming here.
Microplastics contamination in green mussels Perna viridis in Pangkajene Kepulauan Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Yaqin Khusnul , Rukminasari Nita
Published: March 2021

Microplastics is a problem that has been concerning, especially in marine habitat. The presence of microplastics in large quantities will have an impact on the environment and marine organisms. Marine organisms that are vulnerable to contamination by microplastics pollutants namely green mussels (Perna viridis). This study aims to determine the microplastics forms and concentration found in green mussels (Perna viridis) in Maccini Baji Waters, Labakkang District, Pangkejene Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi. The sampling of the mussels was carried out by the method of purposive random sampling with the sample was grouped into 3 groups of shells lengths, namely 2-3.9 cm, 4-5.9 cm and 6-7.9 cm with 33 individuals for each group. Microplastics observations were carried out using a stereo microscope. In addition to analyze microplastics concentrations, an analysis of the frequency of microplastics presence in shells was also carried out. The results showed that the microplastics was found in the form of fiber and fragments with several colors namely clear white, blue, black, red, and purple. The frequency of microplastics presence in green mussels was above 50% with an average of 71.7% exposure to microplastics. The highest frequency of microplastics presence and concentration in the range of shell lengths accounting for 2-3.9 cm.
Pengembangan Instrumen Tes untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Mahasiswa
Authors: Azmi Syahrul , Hayati Laila , Hapipi Hapipi , Triutami Tabita Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada pembelajaran kalkulus materi penggunaan integral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan, yaitu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk dan menguji efektivitas produk tersebut. Instrumen tes yang dikembangkan berdasarkan model Thiagarajan. Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga langkah, yaitu define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), dan develop (pengembangan). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa instrumen tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang telah dirancang memenuhi kriteria valid dan efektif lebih dari 85% mahasiswa mencapai Kriteria ketuntasan minimal.
The relative age effect in FIFA U-17 World Cup: The role of the playing position and the continent
Authors: IŞIN ALI , MELEKOĞLU TUBA
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relative age effect of the countries which attended the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup and to research the relative age effect in terms of continents and the players’ position. Material and methods: 504 male football players from 24 countries which participated in the U-17 World Cup in India in 2017 were included in the study. Football players’ dates of birth were grouped into periods of three months in quarter years (Q): Q1 – January-March, Q2 – April-June, Q3 – July-September, Q4 – October-December. To study the sub-group differences of the relative age effect, meaningful chi-square (χ²) values were followed by calculating the odds ratio and %95 confidence intervals. To determine the effect size, Cramer’s V was used. Results: The relative age effect was based on quarter years’ distributions. Significant differences were found among age quartiles for all teams in FIFA U-17 World Cup. However, when the variables analysed were according to the continents, the relative age effect disappeared in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Conclusions: In the comparison of the players’ continents, a relative age effect was observed in Europe, North America, and South America. When the players’ positions are compared, a relative age effect was found in defenders, midfielders and forward players.
Well-being and mental health − diet, supplements, exercise or sleep? A review of reports from the last five years
Authors: GRZYWACZ ELZBIETA , JARON ALEKSANDRA
Published: March 2021

In the 2020s we are faced with a problem of an ageing society. Not only do we see it and struggle to provide care for the elderly, but we also focus on constantly maintaining a good form related to our well-being as well as physical, mental and social functioning. The publications used in this review were sourced from the PubMed database and from Google Scholar. The paper uses articles published in English which are not older than 5 years. A‪nalysis of the latest literature has shown that there is evidence that modifiable factors have a positive effect on our well-being and health. The best effect can be achieved by combining positive actions in the field of diet, supplementation, moderate but systematic physical activity, and adding the right amount of sleep per day.
The impact of circuit resistance training on serum glucose, insulin resistance and health related physical fitness in elderly men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: ARAZI HAMID , GHOLIZADEH ROGHAYEH , SOHBATZADEH AMIN , EGHBALI EHSAN
Published: March 2021

Background: Obesity and decreased physical activity are the most important factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, which in recent decades has led to an increase in the number of people with this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of circuit resistance training (CRT) on serum glucose, insulin resistance and health related physical fitness in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: Twenty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (60.99 ±2.93 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided randomly into two groups: training (n = 11) and control (n = 11). Participants in the training group performed a progressive CRT program for ten weeks. In addition, anthropometry variables, muscular strength and endurance were evaluated before and after ten weeks’ CRT. Also, 10 ml of the blood sample was taken from participants to measure fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin and insulin resistance. Results: After ten weeks of CRT, the body composition and glucose dropped significantly (P < 0.05) in the training group. Also, muscular endurance, upper and lower body strength in the post-test were significantly higher than the pre-test in the training group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: CRT led to a signiﬁcant improvement in insulin resistance, fasting serum glucose, BMI, endurance and strength of elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this type of resistance training can be useful for improvement in physical and physiological variables of elderly men with type 2 diabetes.
Differences between all-around results in women’s artistic gymnastics and ways of minimizing them
Authors: ATIKOVIĆ ALMIR , KAMENJAŠEVIĆ EDINA , NOŽINOVIĆ MUJANOVIĆ AMRA , UŽIČANIN EDIN , TABAKOVIĆ MUHAMED , ĆURIĆ MIJO
Published: March 2021

Background: In the present study, the main goal was to establish whether the disciplines are equal and should the Code of Points (COP) women's artistic gymnastics be revised in terms of point standardization on apparatus. Material and methods: The sample included all-around senior female gymnasts who participated in the qualification (C-I) competitions at World Championships held in 2009-2019. Results: The biggest differences are even two points between the two apparatus vault and balance beam. Vault compared to other apparatus is different for 1.559 points. Presentation of correlations between each apparatus the evidence that nothing has changed significantly in recent years, whereas correlations of the difficulty values of elements are extremely high between the present COP. Conclusions: With this analysis, we have found that the results achieved at the vault and other apparatus were significantly different in terms of success in all-around competition.
Different forms of swimmers’ final weeks pre-competition preparation
Authors: SOKOLOWSKI KAMIL , STRZALA MAREK , STANULA ARKADIUSZ
Published: March 2021

The pre-competition training phase is a period that precedes the main competition. Combined training phases of overload training (OT) and taper (TP) create the most popular pattern of final form preparation among the swimmers despite the methodology difficulties faced by coaches. In the IPC, the duration and training load were strictly set. The main purpose of training in the IPC is to cause a substantial supercompensation effect by the high volume and capacity of the training. However, high volume and intensity fluctuations typical of the IPC may cause performance regression due to overtraining and exhaustion. The main aim of the taper phase (TP) is to provide recovery and develop peak racing capability for a particular event. This process relies on gradual reduction of training overload (mainly volume) in order to achieve the peak racing ability, after the planned, already achieved high level of swimming performance and efficiency. The duration of the TP and the form of load reduction are crucial factors affecting improvements in the swimmer’s competition times. The TP strategy was identified as the safest and the most beneficial one. This paper aims at providing characterization of training procedures used in IPC and TP, together with a presentation of the physiological mechanism exploited here and a possible performance improvement.
Sexual Abuse Among Adolescents
Authors: Odigwe IB , Ofiaeli OC , Ebenebe JC , Nri-Ezedi CA , Ofora VC , Nwaneli EI
Published: March 2021

Background: Adolescence constitutes a vulnerable age group where the actual prevalence of sexual abuse may remain largely unknown due to lack of knowledge, delay in and lack of reporting of such incidences.

Objectives: To determine the knowledge and history of sexual abuse in adolescents and the associated factors.

Methods: A self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from children aged 10 to 19 years at an adolescent summer camp.

Results: Two hundred and seventy-six adolescents participated in this research out of which 41.3% had correct knowledge of sexual abuse, and 12.0% claimed they had been sexually abused. Among the 33 respondents with a history of sexual abuse, 39.4% (13/33) had correct knowledge of sexual abuse. Gender had a significant association with a history of sexual abuse (p = 0.008). Layered by age group, gender had a significant association with being sexually abused in mid-adolescence (p = 0.029) but not in late adolescence (p = 0.445). Age category had no significant association with being sexually abused.

Conclusion: The knowledge of sexual abuse was inadequate among adolescents. A high proportion claimed to have been previously sexually abused and interestingly, had insufficient knowledge of sexual abuse There is a need to educate adolescents on sexual abuse to empower them to protect themselves and get help as appropriate.
Metsän poeettinen kuvaus – luonnos
Authors: Lummaa Karoliina
Published: March 2021

Esseessä luonnostelen IC-98:n ja kumppaneiden IÄI-ympäristötaideteoksen (2020) sekä Jouni Tossavaisen, Olli-Pekka Tennilän ja Pauliina Haasjoen runojen parissa metsän poeettisen kuvauksen mahdollisuutta. Poeettisella kuvauksella tarkoitan runouden keinojen käyttämistä rinnan havaintojen ja luonnontieteellisen tiedon kanssa jonkin olion, paikan tai ilmiön ja sen merkitysten kuvaamiseksi luonnontieteelliselle kuvaamiselle verrattavana ilmaisutapana. Esseeni lähtökohtana on tutkimuksiini perustuva havainto siitä, että esteettisen, poeettisen ja tieteellisen välillä tapahtuu nyt kiinnostavaa risteämistä. Ennustan, että nämä risteämät muokkaavat parhaillaan metsäsuhteitamme ja tapojamme kokea ja käyttää metsiä. Esseessä esitän myös kysymyksen, miten uuden metsätaiteen ja -kirjallisuuden tutkiminen voisi osaltaan täydentää metsien ja biodiversiteetin kulttuurisista ulottuvuuksista käytävää, luonnonvarapolitiikkaan ja luonnonsuojeluun liittyvää tieteellistä keskustelua.
Pengaruh Latihan Leddericky shuffle dan Lari Segitiga Terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Unmul
Authors: Sakay Sakay
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) Apakah ada pengaruh latihan ledder icky shuffle terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. (2) Apakah ada pengaruh latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. (3) Apakah ada perbedaan pengaruh antara latihan ledder icky shuffle dan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul.

Jenis penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis penelitian Eksperiment lapangan. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Univesitas Mulawarman yang mengikuti Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (MAHASISWA PENJASKESREK) sepak bola yang berjumlah 20 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari dua variabel bebas yaitu latihan ledder icky shuffle, dan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneserta satu variabel terikat yaitu kemampuan menggiring bola. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah testke mampuan menggiring bola. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistika deskriptif dan analisis statistika inferensidengan bantuan program SPSS 21.0.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan ledder icky shuffle terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = 5.492≥ t tabel = 2.262. (2) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = 5.003 ≥ t tabel = 2.262. (3) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara latihan ledder icky shuffle dan latihanlari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = -0.563 <t tabel = 2,100. Begitu pula jika dilihat dari pencapaian rata-rata tes akhir kemampuan menggiring bola dari kedua bentuk latihan tersebut, menujukkan perbedaan yang relatif kecil yaitu 0.16. Rata-rata tesakhirlatihan ledder icky shuffle lebih besar dari nilai rata-rata tes akhir latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 cone (16.21: 16.37).
Analisis hasil keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola pada siswa Eksrakurikuler SMA Negeri 12 Samarinda
Authors: Aristianto Aristianto , Sapulete Jance
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola pada siswa ekstrakurikuler Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 12 Samarinda. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik uji deskriptif, Kolmogorov smirnov, uji T-skor, dan Pengkategorian hasil. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 25 jumlah siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 12 Samarinda yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sepakbola. Sampel terdiri dari 20 siswa. Teknik pengambilan data adalah dengan melakukan tes. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh dengan norma pengkategorian dari masing – masing keterampilan teknik dasar siswa ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 12 Samarinda yang mana dapat di uraikan keterampilan mengumpan dan menahan bola termasuk dalam kategori cukup, keterampilan menggiring bola termasuk dalam kategori cukup, keterampilan menendang bola termasuk dalam kategori kurang dan keterampilan menyundul bola termasuk dalam kategori kurang.
Menghitung Kapasitas Runway Menggunakan Petri Net Dan Aljabar Max-Plus
Authors: Fendiyanto Petrus
Published: March 2021

Bandara Internasional Juanda merupakan bandara tersibuk kedua di Indonesia setelah Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta, yang tiap tahun jumlah penumpangnya mengalami peningkatan. Begitu juga dari sisi pergerakan pesawat juga mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Yang dimaksud pergerakan pesawat adalah total pesawat yang mendarat dan yang lepas landas di runway. Menurut Operation Junior Manager Perum LPPNPI (Lembaga Penyelenggara Pelayanan Navigasi Penerbangan Indonesia), kapasitas maksimal runway Bandara Juanda adalah 28 pergerakan peasawat take off/landing per jam. Namun yang terjadi belakangan dapat mencapai 34 pergerakan pesawat per jam. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan bagaimana menentukan kapasitas runway sebagai batas maksimum banyaknya pergerakan pesawat di runway dalam tiap jamnya dengan menggunakan petri net dan aljabar max-plus sebagai alat pemodelannya. Dalam mengerjakan penelitian ini, dibuat model petri net dari alur pergerakan pesawat yang dimulai dari saat pesawat bergerak menuju exit taxiway kemudian menuju ke runway dan selanjutnya meninggalkan bandara (take off) dan proses landing dimulai dari posisi pesawat di approach (siap landing), dan selanjutnya bergerak menuju ke runway. Kemudian membuat model aljabar max-plus dari model petri net dan terakhir menganalisis sifat keperiodikan sistem tersebut. Dari hasil simulasi model aljabar max-plus diperoleh bahwa dalam 60 menit pertama, sebanyak 15 pesawat yang take off dan 15 pesawat yang landing, artinya kapasitas runway Bandara Internasional Juanda adalah 30 pesawat (take off/landing) dalam tiap jamnya.
PLATÓN Y EL MITO DE LA CAVERNA
Authors: Morinigo Carlino Iván
Published: March 2021

La Alegoría de la caverna —también conocida por el nombre de Mito de la caverna— está mucho más cerca de ser una alegoría que un mito. Es la más célebre alegoría de la historia de la filosofía junto con la del Carro alado, fama debida, sin duda, a la utilidad de estos mitos para que, a propósito de su narración, se expliquen las partes más importantes del pensamiento platónico. Se trata de una explicación metafórica, realizada por el filósofo griego Platón al principio del VII libro de La República, sobre la situación en que se encuentra el ser humano respecto del conocimiento. En ella Platón explica su teoría de cómo con conocimiento podemos captar la existencia de los dos mundos: el mundo sensible (conocido a través de los sentidos) y el mundo inteligible. Cuenta el mito, que dos hombres fueron encadenados desde niños para vivir en el fondo de una cueva dando sus espaldas a la entrada. Atados de cara a la pared, su visión era muy limitada y sólo podían ver en la pared el reflejo de modelos, estatuas de animales y objetos que pasaban delante de una hoguera. Un día, con la ayuda de un hombre, uno de ellos pudo salir de la cueva, y al estar fuera, la luz del día lo deslumbraba. Tanto fue la luz que lo cegó de dolor, que esperó a la noche para poder irse ya que era mejor la luz de la luna. Conforme pasaron los días, pudo acostumbrarse a la luz del sol, luego, se dio cuenta que vivió toda su vida engañado con las imágenes de aquella cueva que lo tenía prisionero. Él decide regresar para contar sobre las cosas que había visto y que le esperan a su compañero en el mundo exterior, sin embargo, tras contarle la historia el otro lo toma por loco y se resigna a creer en aquella realidad. El aventurero resignado, acepta que aquella realidad no es posible, y ambos nuevamente se centran en creer en la realidad de las sombras que se reflejan en el fondo de la caverna.
SOCIAL WORK IN NIGERIA A TIMELINE ACCOUNT.docx
Authors: Amadasun Solomon , Omorogiuwa Tracy BE
Published: March 2021

This paper depicts a timeline account of the emergence of social work in Nigeria
Reading 3 John Within a Jewish Framework: An Overdue Reconsideration of the Text
Authors: Paley Justin
Published: March 2021

This article challenges the interpretive decision made by many scholars to group 3 John with the
rest of the Johannine Epistles (and sometimes John’s Gospel). This interpretative method fails to
treat 3 John, as well as the rest of the Epistles, on their own terms. It also often places these texts
within a hypothetical ‘Johannine Community’ and its various phases of development. However,
if 3 John is read on its own, the text itself points us to interpret it within a Jewish framework. The
seemingly lack of interest in Jews and Judaism, rather than being a sign of a later date when this
group was no longer rooted in any Jewish community and no longer cared about such issues, is a
sign that the epistle dates from a period before this community of Christ-believers began to
markedly differentiate themselves from other Jews. These points, as well as the author’s use of
τὸν ἐθνικός when describing the missionary work by some of those within the community, may
also suggest that the conflict between the Elder and Diotrephes was related to disagreements over
the nature of missionary work within the early Jesus movement.
Analyzing Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Concrete Using a Novel Satin Bowerbird Optimizer
Authors: Moayedi Hossein , Mosavi Amir
Published: March 2021

Surmounting the complexities in analyzing the mechanical parameters of concrete entails selecting an appropriate methodology. This study integrates artificial neural network (ANN) with a novel metaheuristic technique, namely satin bowerbird optimizer (SBO) for predicting uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of concrete. For this purpose, the created hybrid is trained and tested using a relatively large dataset collected from the published literature. Three other new algorithms, namely Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO), sunflower optimization (SFO), and vortex search algorithm (VSA) are also used as benchmarks. After attaining a proper population size for all algorithms, the Utilizing various accuracy indicators, it was shown that the proposed ANN-SBO not only can excellently analyze the UCS behavior, but also outperforms all three benchmark hybrids (i.e., ANN-HGSO, ANN-SFO, and ANN-VSA). In the prediction phase, the correlation indices of 0.87394, 0.87936, 0.95329, and 0.95663, as well as mean absolute percentage errors of 15.9719, 15.3845, 9.4970, and 8.0629%, calculated for the ANN-HGSO, ANN-SFO, ANN-VSA, and ANN-SBO, respectively, manifested the best prediction performance for the proposed model. Also, the ANN-VSA achieved reliable results as well. In short, the ANN-SBO can be used by engineers as an efficient non-destructive method for predicting the UCS of concrete.
People are worse at detecting fake news in their foreign language
Authors: Muda Rafal , Pennycook Gordon , Pieńkosz Damian , Bialek Michal
Published: March 2021

When using their foreign language, proficient Polish-English bilinguals found false news as more believable, true news as less believable, and discerned one from another less accurately. The effect cannot be attributed to greater arousal of news read in foreign vs native language nor to changes in cognitive reflection of individuals. We also found that greater cognitive reflection helps to discern true from false news because is associated with increased believability of true, but not of fake news. Consequences of our findings in the context of immigration are discussed.
We remember the past as more rewarding than it was: effects of temptation on cheating and visual working memory
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Fratescu Maria , Mathot Sebastiaan
Published: March 2021

Here we report that participants’ visual working memory of an ambiguous cue is biased towards stimuli that are associated with a high reward. Participants saw eight digits presented in a circular arrangement. On some trials, they were asked to report the digit (“Target Digit”) indicated by a jittery cue that was slightly biased in the direction of another digit (“Second Cued Digit”), which was either higher, or lower than the Target Digit. Participants were paid based on the reported digit (higher digits meant higher pay) and not based on the accuracy of their report. In this setting, they could make self-serving mistakes by dishonestly reporting the Second Cued Digit when it was higher than the Target Digit. Replicating prior work, we found that participants frequently made such self-serving mistakes. On other trials, after the digits disappeared, participants were asked to reproduce the direction of the jittery cue, without receiving any pay. This allowed us to test whether participants’ memory of the cue was biased toward high-rewarding digits, and our results showed that it was. We cautiously suggest that self-serving mistakes might result from automatic biases in working memory, which provides an important constraint for theories in behavioral ethics
School Belonging Predicts whether an Emerging Adult will be Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) after School
Authors: Parker Philip David , Allen Kelly-Ann , Parker Rhiannon Bree , Guo Jiesi , Marsh Herb , Basarkod Geetanjali , Dicke Theresa
Published: March 2021

Low school belonging and Not (being) in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) are both signs of social exclusion. Yet little research has considered whether school belonging is a risk factor for NEET. Using two longitudinal cohorts from Australia (*N* = 17,692; 51% Boys), we explore this relationship. Controlling for a range of individual and school level covariates, we find that school belonging at age 15 is a consistent and practically significant predictor of NEET status at ages 16-20. We found that this relationship is not the product of school belonging lowering the chances of students graduating high-school. Rather, school belonging had a unique impact beyond graduation. Given the costs of NEET, school belonging is of significant policy concern.
The Impact of Medication Side Effects on Adherence and Persistence to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Peddie Nicola , Agnew Sommer , Crawford Megan , Dixon Diane , MacPherson Iain , Fleming Leanne
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Hormone Therapy (HT) reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality in breast cancer. Despite these clinical benefits, rates of HT non-adherence and non-persistence are high. Research suggests this may be due to the impact of HT side effects. However, little research has explored the individual contribution of side effects to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviours. Our aim is to review the literature on breast cancer survivors’ lived experiences of HT side effects and explore how these may be related to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviour.METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted from inception to May 2020, utilising Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. Searches included a combination of terms related to breast cancer, adherence, hormone therapy and side effects.RESULTS: Sixteen eligible papers were identified, and study quality was high. Data were thematically synthesised into four analytical themes, which encompassed 13 descriptive sub-themes: ‘Daily impact of side-effects’, ‘Role of Health Care Professionals’, ‘Managing HT side-effects’, and ‘Weighing up the pros and cons’.CONCLUSIONS: HT side effects significantly impact breast cancer survivor’s quality of life. A lack of support from healthcare providers leads to self-management strategies, which negatively affects adherence and persistence behaviour.
Optimization of PV Power Capacity of 10 KWp Capacity Based on P&O Algorithm and Boost Converter
Authors: Rajagukguk Antonius , Aritonang Maryani
Published: March 2021

Using solar panels as a power plant can reduce the dependence of fuel oil. To work always on maximum power points (MPP), Photovoltaic (PV) requires optimization method. Therefore, the authors are interested in discussing the optimization method of the PV array model using Maximum Power Point Traking (MPPT) with the Perturbation & Observation (P & O) Algorithm and Boost Converter. In this case, PV capacity will be simulated on 10 kWp. That PV consists of 4 strings, which is each strings consist of 10 PV modules. The output of PV modules will be forwarded to the Boost Converter circuit. Boost Converter want is controlled by P&O Algorithm. The voltage and current generated from the PV array modeling will be used by the P&O Algorithm as a reference. The function of P&O Algorithm is to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV model. The result of tracking power by P&O Algorithm will be forwarded to Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit as a duty cycle generator. Duty cycle signal will be forwarded to the switching tool contained in the converter circuit. By that control system, PV model expected has maximum power according to the voltage. Based on the results of power test by 1000 W/m2 radiation, maximum power obtained is equal to 9967 Wp with 99.6 % efficiency at a voltage level of 400 volt. Therefore,it can be concluded that the design of the PV Array System using P&O Algorithm and the Boost Converter can work well.
Analysis of Lightning Performance on 345 kV Transmission Lines Using Python Programming
Authors: Murdiya Fri , Hariadi Rofi
Published: March 2021

One of main causes of interruption of electrical power supply is the lightning strike on overhead power transmission lines. The lightning performance of transmission line can be determined by value of shielding failure flashover rate (SFFOR) and back flashover rate (BFOR). The object of this study is to create a computer application to compute lightning performance on the transmission lines using Python programming. Pythons package tkinter used for program interface window. Application programming is done by using the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP) using Pythons keyword class. Validation shows that the application has applied the method correctly with a percentage error 0 % for SFFOR and 3.14 % for BFOR. The application can do analysis on the factors that affecting SFFOR and BFOR such as the effect of thunder day, tower foot resistance, and number of isolator disk. The results obtained in this study is computer application that can perform lightning performance analysis and analysis of factors that can affect it, such as thunder day, tower foot resistance and the number of isolator disk.
Countering the Rational Suicide Story
Authors: Howard Maria
Published: March 2021

The literature on rational suicide (RS) holds that if a rational person wishes to suicide under circumstances deemed rational, there is no moral reason to prohibit a person from suiciding. There are forty years of literature dedicated to establishing what rational suicide is and demonstrating its moral permissibility. What is shocking is that in this literature, almost no attempts are made to include the perspectives of mental health users. Drawing from the work of Hilde Lindemann, I argue that ignoring of the perspectives of mental health users constitutes a form of erasure and oppression that must be rectified.
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19. “LIVE” CLINICAL INSTRUCTION (2021)
Authors: Ірина Дмитрівна Садов’як
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY. In response to the challenges posed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, Ukraine has undergone the necessary legislative changes, harmonized with international approaches, which in turn have led to significant changes in health care practices. The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Provision of Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)” № 539-IX, the Order of the Ministry of Health “On Approval of the Procedure for Prescribing and Using Medicines for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)” of 30.06.2020 № 1482, registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on July 08, 2020 for № 641/34924, establish the conditions of use of registered medicines according to the indications not specified in the instructions for medical use (off label), and unregistered medicines, recommended by the relevant official bodies outside Ukraine for the treatment of COVID-19. In pursuance of legislative acts, the Standard of Emergency Care “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)”, the Standards of Medical Care “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)”, the Standard of Pharmaceutical Care “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)”, the Protocol “Provision of medical care for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” were developed, approved and updated in accordance with the established procedure. At the same time, in order to assist the doctor and the patient in making a rational decision in different clinical situations, a clinical guideline “CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19. “LIVE” CLINICAL INSTRUCTION” was developed – a document containing systematic provisions on medical and medico-social assistance, developed using the methodology of evidence-based medicine on the basis of reliability and proof confirmation. The basis of this clinical guideline is the WHO guideline “Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance” (27.05.2020), supplemented by the provisions of other WHO documents, as well as clinical guidelines of Great Britain, Belgium, USA and Australia. This guideline, as a living guideline, is a WHO innovation driven by the urgent need for global collaboration to provide reliable data and guidance emerging in the world as the result of numerous randomized clinical trials on COVID-19. The clinical guideline reflects the sequence of evidence on COVID-19 treatment in the world during a pandemic, on the basis of which the treatment strategy depending on the stage of the disease was formed and the decisions to include and exclude drugs in the protocol for COVID-19 treatment were justified, and will be further updated.
"Boże narodzenie" jako punkt odniesienia do pracy międzyprzedmiotowej uczniów na zajęciach językowych – propozycje studentów kierunku pedagogiczno-językowego
Authors: Krawiec Marek
Published: March 2021

The author of this article demonstrates that Christmas, due to its multidimen-sional character, can be the basis for cross-curricular work of foreign language learners. By analyzing examples of cross-curricular activities suggested by university students who specialize in pedagogy and language, he argues that Christmas can be an adequate topic for the introduction of cross-curricular content in a foreign language class and for the development of different learners’ skills both at the primary and secondary levels. On the basis of the material collected from university students, he draws a conclusion that information from various school subjects can be integrated around Christmas within the monodisciplinary model which has been suggested in scholarly literature and which is discussed together with other models in the theoretical part of this article.