bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Church Is a Solution Centre”: Strategies of Migrant Churches in Switzerland in Overcoming Hardships
Authors: Hoffmann Claudia
Published: January 2022

Migrant churches in Switzerland are an increasingly emerging, heterogenous phenomenon at the fringes of the Swiss church landscape. Migrant churches are mostly founded and visited by migrants, in many cases asylum seekers, who sometimes find themselves in precarious situations. Moreover, migrant churches cannot rely on government finances like state-affiliated churches in Switzerland do. This article provides a case study on two migrant churches. Both belong to the Pentecostal-charismatic family of World Christianity. The case study seeks to describe what difficulties the churches and their members face and how they deal with these. The coping strategies to overcome challenges are mostly not targeting the problems themselves but trying to regulate the negative emotional conditions the problems give rise to. In my sample churches, this is mainly achieved through a specific charismatic reinterpretation of the situation, where trust in God’s guidance and his providence are given more weight than prosperity promises.
Hegemony: A Useful Concept in Times of Crisis
Authors: Cervera-Marzal Manuel
Published: January 2022

The idea of hegemony, in its Gramscian sense, contributed to the renewal of several fields of social sciences in the 1970s and 1980s. This idea circulates between different geocultural spaces and different times. The approach adopted in this article starts from the contexts in which this idea is mobilized in order to show to which theoretical and practical stakes it answers. Focusing on four authors (Antonio Gramsci, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, and Pablo Iglesias) and on the transfers from one author to another, the aim of this paper is to highlight the social conditions conducive to the deployment of the idea of Gramscian hegemony and to identify the (dis)continuities that punctuate its history. Throughout the socio-historical course marked out by the written productions of these four authors, one constant appears: the vitality of the concept of hegemony seems linked to periods of crisis— theoretical and / or strategic—of the Left.
Ethics without the Will: Vernant, Heidegger, and Agamben on the Relation BetweenPraxisandPhronēsis
Authors: Smith Daniel. J.
Published: January 2022

This article examines the articulation of praxis and phronēsis in book VI of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. With some help from Vernant, Heidegger, and Agamben, it brings out a dimension of Aristotle's thought that makes it challenging for us to think today, namely its lack of a concept of the will. Instead of seeing this as a deficiency, this paper argues that Aristotle's thinking can be more productively read as carving out a space for an ethics that is not governed by this metaphysical concept, in this way showing it not to be as essential to ethical thought as we often think. Phronēsis appears as the point of in-distinction between many oppositions that govern modern thought such as thinking and doing, being and acting, or theory and practice. In this way, it provides a suggestive example for those interested in developing new forms of ethics beyond those that have been bequeathed to us by the modern European tradition.
Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Sawai Sajan , Seerani Nandlal , Laghari Hira , Kumar Prem , Memon Zaheer Hussain
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency among liver cirrhosis patients and presented at Isra university hospital Hyderabad Study design: Cross-sectional Study setting: Gastroenterology department of Isra university Hospital, Hyderabad Sind Pakistan Study duration: January 2018 to July 2018 All patients with age between 30 and 60 years, both genders and having evidence of cirrhosis of liver were selected in the study. Disease severity was evaluated by the Child–Pugh’s classification. For the assessment of vitamin D levels, the blood samples from all patients were sent to the diagnostic laboratory. During the hospital stay and subsequent follow-up visits, the patients were monitored. All the data were collected via study proforma for the purpose of analysis. Results: A total of 120 cases of liver cirrhosis were studied, their average age was 50.58+5.15 years. Males were commonest 55.0% compared to females 45.0%. Hepatitis C was the most common etiological factor 65.8%. Child–Pugh grade C was most common 57.5%. Mean of the vitamin D level was 19.16+ 6.74 ng/ml. Almost all patients were with vitamin D deficiency as 90.0%. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated to the old age, HCV, alcoholic and fatty liver disease (p-<0.05), while statistically insignificant according to gender (p-0.142). Conclusion: It was concluded that the deficiency of vitamin D was highly prevalent 90.0%. It was significantly linked to the HCV, age and alcoholic hepatic disease. Key words: Liver cirrhosis, vitamin D
Prevalence of Bombay Phenotype in O Blood Group Donors and Patients in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Asif Zeb Muhammad , Atta Tahira , Karim Maria , Mehmood Maria , Rizwan Ahmad , Tahreem Bushra , Aslam Azhar , Hussain Saddam , Ahmad Shah Arsalan Waqas , Inayat Fawad
Published: January 2022

Background: The Bombay phenotype is an uncommon blood group identified using forward and reverses plasma categorizing. Individuals with the Bombay phenotype lack the antigens A, B, and H on their blood cells, but their serum has high levels of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H antibodies. The Bombay phenotype needed donation of the same blood as the Bombay phenotype or homologous blood. As a result, it is critical to do blood grouping appropriately. Objective: The objective of this is to determine the prevalence of Bombay phenotype among the O blood group donors and patients in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Material and methods: This research was done at Khyber Medical University Peshawar's Institute of Paramedical Science. This trial lasted six months. The samples came from Peshawar's transfusion centres and hospitals. A total of 1050 O blood donors and patients were tested. The tube technique was used to categorise forward and backward blood. Forward blood grouping used anti-sera A, B, and D, whereas reverse blood grouping used known as red blood cells from A, B, and O blood types. Results: No cases of Bombay phenotype were detected in the entire study. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, the Bombay phenotype is not prevalent in Peshawar. Keywords: Bombay blood group, O blood group donors and patients, forward and Reverse blood grouping.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Verses Ureteral Stenting for the Analysis and Management of Urinary Track Obstruction
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Tariq Maria , Gull Khizra
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Ureteral obstruction is a heterogeneous clinical entity, and it is often challenging for the clinician to determine the optimal method of decompression. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the percutaneous nephrostomy verses ureteral stenting for the analysis and management of urinary track obstruction. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Urology, DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala during January 2021 till October 2021. The data was collected from 55 patients. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. In all patients, the procedures were conducted by urologists. Results: There were 55 patients in this study. The mean age was 57.65 ± 2.54 years. There were 33 patients with ureteral stents and 22 (40%) with PCN tubes. The mean length of redirection was 17.8 ± 4.6 months in the stent bunch versus 13.1 ± 4.89 months in the PCN bunch (p = 0.059) (table 01). Conclusion: It is concluded that PCN is proved to be a suitable modality for drainage of pyonephrosis and ureteric obstruction especially due to malignant disease of pelvic origin which can otherwise be highly fatal.
Association of Carotid Artery Stenosis with Diabetes Mellitus in Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kosar Zohra , Irum Rafia , Masood Faisal , Shafique Rabia , Fareed Amna , Tassudaq Ammarah
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the association of carotid artery stenosis with diabetes mellitus in patients of acute ischemic stroke Study Setting: The study was conducted in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. Duration of Study: April 13, 2018 to October 13, 2018 Study Design: Case-Control Study Subjects & Methods: A total 220 (110 cases/ 110 controls) patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled from emergency of Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. Blood drop was obtained from each patient by pricking in index finger and using glucometer and lentils. Reading of glucometer was obtained. If BSR was >186mg/dl and patient had history of DM, then DM was labeled. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS v25.0. Results: Total 220 (110 cases/ 110 controls) patients were selected for this study. Among cases, mean age was 54.7±9.1 years and 55.1±8.8 years among controls. Among cases, there were 67(60.9%) males and 43(39.1%) females, while 75(68.2%) males and 35(31.8%) females among controls. By comparing diabetes mellitus between groups, it was found that percentage of DM was 41.8% with carotid artery stenosis and 16.4% without carotid artery stenosis. The difference was significant (p=0.0001). Conclusion: There is an association of carotid artery stenosis with diabetes mellitus in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Patients with carotid artery stenosis have significant chances to have diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Carotid Artery Stenosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Identification of E-Examination and E-Learning Environment Related Factors during COVID-19 and its Association to Academic Failure in Dental Students of a Developing Country: a case-control Study
Authors: Farooq Fareeha , Mushtaque Saher , Mushtaque Ujala , Malik Ahsan , Mushtaque Hebah , Sukhia Hr .
Published: January 2022

Background: During COVID-19 all universities have shift their face to face teaching pattern to e-learning. Objective: This study explores various factors of E-exams and learning associated to academic failure during Covid-19. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in March, 2021 among 225 dental undergraduate students out of which 75 were cases (failed) and 150 were controls (passed). Online questionnaire consisted of 24 items was filled by BDS students’ from first year till final year. Hence, odds ratio was calculated by using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of the study revealed that the rate of failure among the dental students from first year till final year was (60%), (11.1%), (13.9%) and (19.0%) respectively (p= 0.000). Significant E-exam related factors associated to academic failure were effort and time required to attempt exams (p=.000, OR=1.8), online OSPE/OSCE (p= .001, OR=2.7), technical IT skills (p= .009, OR=2.1), Student’s presentation marks (p=0.05, OR=1.7) and cheating (p=0.03, OR=1.8), whereas lower risk factors were MCQ’s (p=0.06), synchronous oral viva (p=0.5), internet connectivity issues (p=0.2), assignments (p=0.3) and online quizzes (p=0.7). Factors associated with highest risk of failing were pre-recorded didactic online lectures (p=0.03), less responsibility of learning online (p=0.04), dissatisfied bedside clinical skills (p=0.02) and poor attendance (p=0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study conclude that faculty training is immediately required to conduct fair online E-assessments, OSCE/OSPE using appropriate technology and include presentation marks. While designing E-courses, interactive virtual sessions should be conducted to improve student engagement and attendance. Keywords: Academic failure, Dental students, Remote E-exams, Undergraduate
Diagnostic Accuracy of Alvarado Score in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Patients with Acute Pain Right Iliac Fossa
Authors: Shah Rahmat Ullah , Shah Sadia , Badar Adnan , Shah Monawar , Muhammad Haroon , Khan Taufiq Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: The gold standard treatment of acute appendicitis is appendectomy. Early surgery reduces a number of complications such as appendicular mass formation, abscess and perforation. However, diagnostic inaccuracy especially in female gender can lead to negative appendectomy because other gynecological diseases have quite similar presentation. The objective of our study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in comparison to the gold standard histopathology in patients with acute pain right iliac fossa. Methods: This descriptive Cross-sectional study was carried out on 253 patients with acute pain in right iliac fossa at Surgical Department of MTI, Lady Reading Hospital from 14th July 2020 to 14th January 2021. Results: Mean age was 37 years with standard deviation ± 10.09. 111(44%) patients were male and 142(56%) patients were female. 129(51%) patients were married while 124(49%) patients were unmarried. Based on Alvarado scoring Acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 197(78%) patients and missed in 56(22%) patients. Diagnosis of Acute appendicitis was confirmed by histopathology report in 245(97%) patients while in 8 (3%) patients histopathology did not reveal acute infection. Diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado scoring analyzed with histopathological diagnosis was 78.65%. Conclusion: Alvarado scoring has a sensitivity of 79.18%, specificity 62.5%, PPV 98.47%, NPV 8.92% and diagnostic accuracy of 78.65% in diagnosis of acute appendicitis taking histopathology as gold standard in patients with acute pain right iliac fossa. Keywords: Acute Appendicitis, Alvarado, Histopathology, Diagnostic accuracy
Compare the Outcome of Surgical Versus Conservative Treatment of Traumatic Extradural Hematoma in the Supratentoral Region
Authors: Haq Naeem ul , Mehtab Hammad , Shah Anwar , Mushtaq Mohammad , Nadeem Khurram , Sattar Abdul
Published: January 2022

Objective: Aim of current study is to determine and compare the outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatment of traumatic extradural hematoma in the supratentoral region. Study Design: Prospective/ Randomized study Place and Duration: Conducted at Neurosurgery department of Bacha khan Medical College / Mardan Medical Complex Mardan and Frontier Medical and Dental College Abbottabad for duration of six months from April 2021 to September 2021. Methods: There were one hundred and eight patients of both genders with ages 14-55 years were included. Included patients had traumatic extradural hematoma in the supratentoral region. Demographically detailed included cause of trauma, age and gender were calculated after taking informed written consent. CT scan was performed among all the patients to diagnose hematoma. Patients were equally categorized into two groups. Group I received surgical treatment and group II received conservative treatment. Symptoms and complications among both groups were assessed. Glasgow comma score was used. Post treatment outcomes were compared among both groups by using t-test. We used SPSS 21.0 version to analyze complete data. Results: Among 54 patients in group I 31 (57.4%) cases were males and 23 (42.6%) patients were females and in group II 35 (64.8%) were male patients and 19 (35.2%) females. Majority of the patients 65 (60.2%) among both groups were in age group 21-35 years followed by 14-20 years 30 (27.8%) cases. Road traffic accident was the most common cause found in 27 (50%) and 29 (53.7%) in groups I and II. Consciousness loss, vomiting and headache were the most common symptoms. Mean hematoma volume in group I was 29.11±6.38 ml and in group II 22.16±8.47 ml. Mean GCS in group I was 15.07±3.13 and in group II was 16.18±5.38. We found that conservative treatment presented favorable outcomes 53 (98.4%) as compared to surgical treatment in 50 (92.6%) cases. No any mortality found in this study. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the conservative for the extradural hematoma in supratentoral region was effective and safe treatment as compared to surgical. Most common cause was RTA. There is no any mortality found in both treatments. Keywords: Supratentoral Region, Extradural hematoma, GCS, Outcomes
Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Significance of Early vs. Late Computed Tomography in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Babar Maria , , Raja Arsalan Jamil , Aftab Ahmad, Omer Hassaan , Alam Shan , Alam Sher , Ahmed Tanveer
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: The prevalence of acute pancreatitis is still high with a mortality rate of 10-20% for the past two decades. Acute pancreatitis can be prognosis with computed tomography (CT) which correlates clinical outcomes, complications, and associated mortality rate. The current study aims were to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic significance of early vs. late computed tomography in acute pancreatitis. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 136 consecutive acute pancreatitis patients in the department of Gastroenterology and Radiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur for duration of one year from August 2020 to July 2021. Patients with no abdominal CT due to pregnancy and CT performed after 14 days of pain onset were excluded. All the patients were categorized into two groups; Group-I where CT was performed after 4-5 days of pain onset and Group-II CT performed after 6-14 days of pain onset. The CT findings such as prognostic information, CT severity index and local complications were compared in both group. For data collection and analysis, SPSS version 21 was used. Results: Of the total 136 acute appendicitis patients, 92 (67.6%) were male and 44 (32.4%) were females with an age range of 18 to 60 years. The overall mean age was 42.45± 11.62 years. Group-I had 72 patients (early CT performed) and Group-II had 64 (47.1%) patients of late CT performed. The mean severity index of CT performed in early and late was 5.43±2.31 and 6.59±2.6; p=0.005). The severity index of CT was higher in late-performed computed tomography compared to early perform CT. The persistent organ failure had an almost similar incidence in both early and late CT performed (37.4% versus 48.7%; p<0.125). Late CT performed group majority patients had local complications 82.6% compared to 67.4%; p<0.021. No significant variance was found in surgery, percutaneous drainage need, and mortality (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study found that early CT does not have a negative impact on the outcome of acute pancreatitis. However, local complications were detected with the onset of symptoms in computed tomography after 5-days. Performing computed tomography before the hospitalization sixth day does not result in earlier intervention. Keywords: Computed tomography, Acute pancreatitis, Clinical outcomes
STUDIES ON NEW DIGENEAN TREMATODE OF THE GENUS ORIENTOCREADIUM TUBANGI, 1931 PARASITIZING FRESH WATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH.)
Authors: Bhure Dhanraj Balbhim , Nanware Sanjay Shamrao , Pathan D.M.
Published: January 2022

Trematode infections occur worldwide. Trematodes, also called flukes, cause various clinical infections in humans. The parasites are so named because of their conspicuous suckers, the organs of attachment (trematos means "pierced with holes").
The present research deals with the detailed description and study of new species Orientocreadium punctatum Sp. Nov. found in the stomach and intestine of Channa punctata (Bloch) from Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Ahmednagar district of M.S. India during Feb., 2005 - Jan., 2007. The present species is comes closer to all the known species of the genus 3 Orientocreadium in having general topography of organs but differs due to elongated, and non-spinose body, sub terminal and spherical oral sucker, Ventral sucker rounded, Pre- pharynx absent, Pharynx muscular, oval, Oesophagus short, genital pore pre-acetabular, testes unequal, post-ovarian, cirrus pouch crescent shaped, ovary oval, pre-testicular, large, behind oral sucker, receptaculum seminis absent, eggs elongated, oval and non-operculated.
A STUDY ON THREE MAJOR FOREST INVASIVE SPECIES COMMON ALONG THE SHIVALIK BELT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH KASHMIR, PUNJAB AND UTTARAKHAND, INDIA
Authors: Padmanabhan Priya , Srivastava Nidhi , Kaur Gurpreet , Thakur Ajay
Published: January 2022

Non-native/distant species that occur outside of their natural existence with good scattering ability are known as forest invasive species (FIS). Some alien species become invasive when they are introduced either purposely or accidentally, to a new environment where they exhibit an ability to conquer and dominatethe native species. There are ample literatures on such species in IHR (Indian Himalayan Region), when compared less is known in the Shivaliks. The present study is an attempt to review on three major FIS of the Shivalik belt of Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Punjab and Uttarakhand of North West India. Some of the plants that were intended to be beneficial have developed a notorious habit, as they are known for their adaptability, persistence, reproductive ability and exclusion of competition. It has drastically changed the composition of natural habitats, as well as the variety and dynamics of native flora. These species have become established outside of their native ranges and have learnt to thrive in this new ecological area. But with time, the situation has worsened as a result of a lack of knowledge, inadequate information about the species, its range and a large ecological amplitude.
MACROZOOBENTHOS DIVERSITY OF SAI RIVER AT RAEBARELI, INDIA
Authors: Rani Daisy , Arya Sunita
Published: January 2022

Macrozoobenthos are the best indicators of the stress in the aquatic ecosystem. Distribution of macrozoobenthos is determined by a number of factors such as physical nature of the substratum, depth, nutritive content of the water body. Present study was conducted to assess the diversity of macrozoobenthos of Sai River, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh during July 2020 to June 2021. During the present investigation, a total number of 24genera of macrozoobenthic fauna were recorded from one year of investigation. Observations revealed that phylum Mollusca acquires dominant position with 45.83% of
total faunal composition while phylum Annelida constitutes 29.16% and comes on second position whereas, least faunal abundance was found from phylum Arthropoda which contributes about 25%.
DETERMINATION OF MEDIAN TOLERANCE LIMIT (LC50) OF CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH) FOR CADMIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Chandra Amaresh , Verma Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of cadmium, a heavy metal widely detected in the aquatic environment due to natural effects and anthropogenic activities, in freshwater teleost, Channa punctata (Bloch). The experiments for the bioassay were performed in semi-static test condition according to the standard
guidelines. The behavioural changes in the fish were observed for all tested concentrations of the metal. The data obtained for bioassay were analyzed for median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the metal by SPSS computer software. The LC50
values, estimated by SPSS, with 95% confidence level were found to be:20.589 (18.326-23.221), 17.133 (14.840- 19.734), 11.815 (9.696 – 13.850) mg/L and 9.908 (7.635-12381) mg/L for cadmium chloride at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure, respectively.
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF EARTH'S ECOSYSTEM AND THE DECADE OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION
Authors: Patra Debasmita , Basu Saikat Kumar
Published: January 2022

Restoration ecology has demonstrated an astounding growth as a new discipline of applied science, since its emergence in the past decades. Future-aimed restoration should acknowledge the changing and unpredictable environment of the future, assume the dynamic nature of ecological communities with multiple trajectories, and connect landscape elements for improving ecosystem functions and structures. Ecosystem loss is depriving the world of carbon sinks, like forests and wetlands, at a time when humanity can least afford it. Ecosystem restoration aims to repair some damage done to the environment and regain ecological functionality. The United Nations (UN) recently declared 2021 to 2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration- a global mission to revive billions of hectares, from forests to farmlands, from the top of mountains to the depth of the sea. The path to a more sustainable use of ecosystems must begin with the development of
inclusive wealth measures which capture natural, social, human and manufactured capital and are thus more accurate ways to measure economic progress.
DISTRIBUTION AND COLLECTION PATTERN OF PICRORHIZA KURROOA MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES OF NEPAL
Authors: Sah Jit Narayan , Nepali Mahesh
Published: January 2022

Medicinal flora is one of the important natural resources of Nepal. Picrorhiza kurrooa (Kutki) is a well-known medicinal herb found in high mountain of Nepal. The Kutki rhizomes have been widely used to cure indigestion problems in traditional
medication systems. Very less information is available on its distribution and collection patterns, particularly from high mountain of mid-western of Nepal till date. The present research aimed to explore the distribution of Kutki and assess its collection pattern in Nepal. Primary data were collected through direct field survey and key informant interview. Atotal of 63 plots with each plot size of 5m×5m were laid out in the field to collect data. The stratified systematic sampling with sampling intensity 0.01% was adopted for distribution survey. The results revealed no significance difference in mean number of Kutki with respect to aspect (p>0.05), whereas there is significance difference in mean number of Kutki with respect to elevation (p<0.05). The distribution of Kutki was recorded between 3750m lower plot and 4831m at higher plot. The Important Value
Index of Kutki was found 113.59 with relative frequency of 34.44%. The highest density of Kutki (7476.92 per hectare) was found on eastern aspect. Male participation was found higher than the female for collection of Kutki. Scientific harvesting technique should be adopted for sustainable management of Kutki in the study area.
A Study of “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Authors: LI Zhengshuan , GUO Xiaoqian
Published: January 2022

“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” is one of John Donne’s representative works. It displays the poet’s profound love for his wife by using ingenious conceit and defamiliarization techniques. The poet uses the image of compasses to express his spectacular ideas and his unusual view of love. Based on the theory of multimodal discourse analysis developed by systemic functional linguisticians, this paper interprets the poem from four aspects: visual mode, auditory mode, verbal mode and multimodal meaning integration, so as to understand the poem from the perspective of form, sound and meaning comprehensively, enriching the connotation of the poem.
The Theme of Escape in Celeste Ng’s Everything I Never Told You
Authors: LAI Yuli
Published: January 2022

Celeste Ng’s debut novel Everything I Never Told You describes the depressive situation of an interracial family in America. Surrounding a sixteen-year-old girl Lydia’s death, the novel portrays the family’s secrets and suffering on racial and gender issues. As every family member in the novel attempts to run away, this thesis aims to clear the theme of escape in the novel. Through analyzing the essence of their escape and exploring the hidden reasons for the escape, the paper reveals the fatal blow of racial discrimination and gender prejudice on ethnic and gender minorities in America.
HİYERARŞİK İKTİDAR İLİŞKİLERİ VE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET: ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER DİSİPLİNİNDE HEGEMONİK İKİLİKLER VE ERİL AKLIN ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: DOĞAN Muharrem
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, Joan W. Scott’ın iktidar ilişkilerini merkeze alan toplumsal cinsiyet yaklaşımından hareketle, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) disiplinindeki hegemonik ikili karşıtlıkların ve hiyerarşik iktidar ilişkilerinin cinsiyetçi ve eril dil vasıtasıyla inşa edildiğini ve meşrulaştırıldığını öne sürmektedir. Maskülen/feminen ikiliği üzerine inşa edilen bu dil erkeği güç, koruma, bağımsızlık, rekabet, saldırganlık gibi kavramlarla ilişkilendirmekte; bunun Kartezyen ikiliği olarak görülen kadını ise zayıf, kırılgan, duygusal, pasif gibi kavramlarla imlemektedir. Bu ikiliklere dayalı stereotipik toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri, Uİ disiplininde, realist kuramın hayatta kalma, kendine yardım, özerklik gibi temel varsayımlarının hegemonik erkeklikle ilişkilendirilen güç, bağımsızlık, cesaret gibi maskülen kavramlarla doğrudan bağ kurulmasıyla açığa çıkmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, çalışma Uİ disiplinindeki ben/öteki, dost/düşman, iç/dış, düzen/anarşi ve merkez/çevre gibi hegemonik ikili karşıtlıkları sorgulamaktadır.
Historia y memoria de los huracanes y otros episodios hidrometeorológicos extremos en México.
Authors: García Acosta Virginia , Padilla Lozoya Raymundo
Published: January 2022

La presente obra es resultado de una serie de diversos esfuerzos para integrar un catálogo de los frecuentes huracanes y otros fenómenos hidrometeorológicos que han acontecido en México durante cinco siglos, contemplando desde la época prehispánica hasta el siglo XX. Los coordinadores de los textos del libro, integraron un amplio grupo de investigación, con múltiples resultados que son reportados en la parte medular del estudio. Esta publicación, además, está asociada a una base de datos, consultable en Internet, cuyo contenido aporta mayor detalle de lo relativo a gran cantidad de fenómenos meteorológicos y a las afectaciones que han ocurrido y que deben ser prevenidas en todo nuestro país. El Catálogo constituye el corpus central de esta publicación y se encuentra en un repositorio digital para su mejor consulta. La información recopilada incluye más de dos mil registros reportados por fuentes, básicamente de tipo primario, y cubre del siglo XV al siglo XX. Específicamente del año 5 pedernal a 1955, año de ocurrencia del huracán Janet. En conjunto, el libro y el Catálogo en la base datos permitirá conocer mejor a los ciclones tropicales y huracanes, entender su comportamiento, los significados de su presencia en la historia nacional e identificar las prácticas que la sociedad mexicana ha desarrollado para convivir con ellos y con otros fenómenos naturales extremos. El catálogo completo está disponible de manera interactiva y se puede consular en la siguiente dirección URL: https://portal.ucol.mx/catalogo-huracanes/
Clinical Biomarkers and Use of Herbal Products in Gastric Injury
Authors: Hama Amin Renas Raouf , Marouf Bushra Hassan
Published: January 2022

An ulcer in the stomach is a common digestive system ailment. Gastric ulcers are more likely to develop if one drinks alcohol regularly. Despite the extensive availability of treatment options, there are just a few preventative regimes. In animal trials, herbal remedies have been found to prevent the formation of ethanol-induced stomach ulcers. Histamine receptor 2 antagonists have a similar or higher ability to inhibit the formation of ethanol-induced stomach ulcers to herbal treatments. There are less adverse effects associated with herbal remedies. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched using keywords such as "gastric ulcer," "herbal medicines," and "ethanol-induced gastric injury." The search was performed up to May 15, 2021. Only articles published in English were used in this review. For those who are more susceptible to develop stomach ulcers, certain herbal combinations may be an effective option to prevent the development of gastric ulcers, based on their methods of action and the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers. Dates, pomegranate seeds, and bitter melon are all examples of herbal compounds that are safe and can be ingested. Those who regularly use alcohol may want to consider using these substances as an alternative method of preventing stomach ulcers. Anti- Helicobactor pylori herbal components such as Mitrella kentia, citrus lemon, and Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume can be used by Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals to avoid the creation of ethanol-induced stomach ulcers.
Tertiary Students' Perceptions Regarding the Challenges to Develop Writing Skills
Authors: Shuvra Susmita S. , Roy Sukanto
Published: January 2022

Writing is the pivotal skill for the communicative purposes. In the tertiary level, the learners in Bangladesh encounter different types of problems in developing writing skills. However, this is very essential for them to recognize the problems and work out with that. This study is qualitative in nature, analyzes the problems in developing writing skills at the tertiary level in Bangladesh. This is based on secondary data. The data are collected from the other researchers’ research papers. Due to the pandemic situation, it could not be possible to collect primary data. The paper starts with describing the background of the writing skills, and approaches in Bangladesh. It also discussed the perspectives of the learners’ and teachers’ about the developing process of writing skills. Based on the previous research, it represents that lack of enthusiasm of instructors, lack of motivation of learners, institutional constraints hinder the process of developing writing skills at the tertiary level. The paper provides some proposals for resolving the problems that inhibit the process of developing writing skills. At last, this study suggested the implications of further research for identifying the other’s challenges and find out the infusion of the challenges. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Adimensional weighted Sobolev inequalities in PI spaces
Authors: Tewodrose David
Published: January 2022

We provide a family of global weighted Sobolev inequalities and Hardy inequalities on PI spaces with possibly non-maximal volume growth. Our results apply notably to non-trivial Ahlfors regular spaces like Laakso spaces and Kleiner-Schioppa spaces.
A REVIEW ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: Koser Hafiza Nazia , Mubarak Rabeea , Jaffar Hafiza Madiha , Rizwan Bahisht , Raiz Mishal , Kousar Sumaira , Sharmeen Zainab , Sultan Huzaifa , Abbas Rida
Published: January 2022

Phoenix dactilifera L. (ajwa dates) is a soft dry fruit mainly cultivated in Medina al Munawara. Dating back to 5000 B.C., It was also a part of Tibwe – Nabwi (The Prophet (PBUH)'s the way of using plants and naturals as medicine), and ajwa was dominant in this field. It was used to cure different diseases and was also used for protection against evil. The use of date fruit taught by the Prophet is now being supported with strong scientific evidence and is trending research worldwide. The amount of macro and micronutrients, phytochemicals, and a considerable number of bioactive components make Ajwa effective against diabetes, PCOS, various types of cancers, liver, and heart diseases, against different toxicities, fertility, and infertility in both men and women, altering hormonal activities in the brain and is still further researched for various other benefits. The article gives a general description of Ajwa Dates, focusing on their nutrient composition and functions on the human body. Objective: Due to limited research, this article can be used to study the nutrient composition of Ajwa in comparison to various dates, along with its functions as it is already considered a potential nutraceutical agent. Ajwa is considered a dominant fruit, further pointing out more of its previously unknown functionalities, making it a potential agent in preventing disease, thus impacting various food and health markets worldwide. Methodology: 150-200 articles were selected. Out of these articles, 70-80 were short-listed. The exact mechanisms on how these dates work on the body were also excluded. Data on the composition and importance of the data is included. The research was studied thoroughly, and data was collected and plagiarized from 77 articles for this review.
MRI Diagnosis and Grading of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Dar Ali Junaid , John Akash , Ashraf Shahraz , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Zahid Sana , Nazir Abu Bakar
Published: January 2022

The ACL joins the thighbone's (femur) bottom to the shinbone's top (tibia). The ACL aids in the stability of the knee. If the anterior cruciate ligament is stretched too far, it might rip. The tear could be partial (through a section of the ACL) or full (through the entire ACL) (all the way through the ACL).Objective: To determine the grading and evaluation of ACL Injuries on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Material and Methods: A Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 9 Months from January 2021 to September 2021. The data of 103 Patients was collected through convenient sampling in Radiology Department including Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in all the population diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Physical complaints, Patient History and Demographic data were displayed on patient’s reports and used for data analysis. MRI scans was performed on 1.5 T- Scanner (Phillips) and data was collected, recorded and analyzed on SPSS as frequency tables and Pie Charts. Results:A total of 103 Patients were included following Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 Injuries. The data was collected and distributed into Three Age groups commonly 26-35 have 49 (47.6%) and the occurrence of ACL Injuries in specific gender as 74 females and 29 males. Grade 1 contains 49 (47.6%). The Grade 2 Injuries on ACL evaluated the frequency 35 (34%) Partial Tear which is due to a stretch but did not tear and making ligament loosen it. Grade 3 has the most Severe ACL Injuries with Complete Ligament Tear diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and shows the frequency of 19 (18.4). Female Patients associated with Athletics and Sports activities were more common. Conclusion:In conclusion the ACL Injuries are common in Female because of Sports and Athletic Injuriesbecause of the smaller intercondylar notch. Women are three times more likely than males to sustain ACL injuries. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing ACL injuries, and it has demonstrated to be quite accurate
Therapeutic Effect of Moringa Oleifera: A Review
Authors: Babar Huma , Rizwan Bahisht , Babar Ayesha , Nazia Hafiza , Noreen Sana , Naeem Nimra , Raza Fatima , Seed Zainab , Imran Sahar
Published: January 2022

Moringaoleifera, a highly valued plant produced globally and utilised in several food compositions, has medical and industrial purposes.This plant is gaining popularitydue to its nutrient-rich leaves, pods, seeds, and flowers. Moringa oleifera, such as a miracle tree, has many health benefits, and it is a rich source of specific essential nutritional componentsand various health benefits.The oil from seeds was extracted and used for skin lotion and perfume. The most widely studied part of the Moringa plant is Moringa leaves and has many benefits related to health in various chronic conditions like liver diseases, hypertension, diabetes, cancer,hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation.Moringa leaves extract can also be used to treat diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and malnutrition, while Moringa seeds can be utilised to enhance water quality. Moringa is a source of nutrition due to various essential phytochemicals, which are present in its leaves, pods, and seeds. It can be used for many nutritional as well as for commercial purposes. Moringa has many nutrientswhich have significant health benefits for the maintenance of the body. The seed powderof Moringa can be used to purify dirty water modestly and rapidly, and it possesses many health benefits.
ASSOCIATION OF SONOGRAPHIC GRADING OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AND CT HOUNSFIELD
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Areeb , Ali Noraiz , Yousaf Muhammad , Fatima Mehreen , Ahmad Mian Hasnan , Sohail Zainab , Niaz Gulshan , Sohail Areeb , Yaqoob Namra , Khan Sania , Tuaha Mansoor Abdur-Rehman
Published: January 2022

Fatty Liver Disease is described as the accumulation of triglycerides within cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes exceeding 5 percent of total liver weight. It is generally of two types: Alcoholic or Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It has a tendency to progress and cause steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome and adenocarcinomas. It is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides and low HDL levels.The Objective of this study is tocorrelate Sonographic Grading of Fatty Liver Disease with Liver Profile and CT Hounsfield units. The evaluation of the significance of Ultrasound and LFTs over Computed Tomography is the aim of this study for the diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease. Material and Method:104 patients were undergone CT exams, Ultrasound exams and LFT tests for this this study (mean age: 38 years). Their hepatic (right lobe and left lobe) and Splenic Hounsfield units were obtained, Ultrasonographic grades were specified and LFTs were recorded. Crosstabulations, multiple comparisons and ANOVA was done separately on the results obtained. Results:In a cross-tabulation between Lobes of Liver, Hounsfield Units and Fatty Liver Grades through ultrasonography, a significant association is seen.The means of total bilirubin in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically insignificant. The means of ALT, AST and Alkaline Phosphatase in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically significant. Conclusion:It is concluded that Ultrasound is effective in diagnosing this disease in all grades of FattyLiver Disease along with Liver Function Tests.
EFFECTS OF ACTION OBSERVATION TREATMENT ON UPPER LIMB MOTOR FUNCTION IN CHRONIC STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Rehman Hira , Hashmi Zeest , Shahid Shafuq , Riaz Saima , Hafeez Sana , Waqas Muhammad Sharif
Published: January 2022

The rate of cerebrovascular accident is keep on increasing in Pakistan which cause major disability in affected person. In developed countries it has been reported that an action observation treatment for rehabilitation, promotes motor function of upper limb in stroke population.Objective: To find out effects of action observation treatment on upper limb motor functions of chronic stroke patients.Study Design: A randomized control trial with registered number NCT05084820.Place and Duration of study:Fourteen chronic stroke patients were taken from Umer hospital and Riphah rehab center Lahore. Total duration of study was 6 months.Materials and method:A randomized control trial was done containing total 14 chronic stroke patients. Patients in experimental group were given action observationtreatment three days per week for one month along with conventional physiotherapy treatment. Patients in conventional group, received strengthening exercises, reach and grasp of hand, stretch of hand muscles. Modified Barthel Index was used to measure function of upper limb and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) for assessment of motor function. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 21.Results: There were significant difference in MBI and FMA-UE score, P value was <0.05, but sensation and joint pain from FMA-UE tool P value was >0.05 which was non-significant.Conclusion:Action observation treatment together with conventional treatment was an effective treatment approach on improving motor function of upper limb in chronic stroke patients.
Transvaginal Approach for Repair of Vesico Vaginal Fistula: An Effective Approach
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad , Hassan Sohail , Khursheed Adil , Qayyum Arif , Iqbal Muhammad , Siddiqui Ammad Ahmed
Published: January 2022

To describe that the transvaginal approach is an excellent route for the repair of vesico vaginal fistula without compromising on success rate. Material and Method: It is a reterospective analysis of 64 cases operated in 10 years. All were operated through transvaginal approach. Study included all supratrigonal, trigonal and infratrigonal fistulas as classified on cystoscopic findings bases. Results: Sixty four patients with vesico vaginal fistula were included in the study. The age of patients was from 20 to 58 years with a mean age of 44.6 years. According to age these were divided into four groups. The cause of vesico vaginal fistula was abdominal hystrectomy in 57 (89.06%) patients while obstructive labour in 7 (10.96%) patients. The size of fistula was further categorized in three groups. The success rate was 87.5% (56 patients) in first attempt while the fistula of remaining 8 patients (12.5%) was successfully repaired in second attempt. Supra trigonal fistula was present in 54 (84.38%) patients while 10 (15.62%) patients had trigonal or infra trigonal fistula. Conclusion: By comparing different approaches, the vaginal approach had a comparable success rate with less morbidity. We suggest, for repair of vesico vaginal fistula, the transvaginal approach should be a preferred approach for a vaginally accessible fistula over tranabdominal approach.
Association of Neck Pain With Hand Grip Strength in Private School Teachers of Lahore
Authors: Omer Abdullah , Bukhari Bazal ` , Haseeb Narmeen , Afzal Zirwa , Hashim Adnan , Ali Sarwat
Published: January 2022

Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorderand getting persistently developing all through the world.It is seen in different sorts of Professions, for instance, Dentists, Physiotherapists, Teachers, etc.Assessment of hand grip strength is compulsory for the assessment of upper limb disabilities and successful exercise treatment.The present investigation design to discover the relationship of neck pain as estimated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Disability as estimated by Neck Disability Index (NDI) with hand grasping strength estimated by digital hand dynamometer in lb. (Unit). Objective:To find the association of neck pain with hand grip strength in private school teachers of Lahore. Methods: 210 school teachers were selected. Data was collected from different schools of Lahore. Data was collected through self-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 24.0. Data was completed in a span of 11 visits. Results:The prevalence of neck pain was 20.3%.Among 210 instructors, the pervasiveness of NPD and hand grasp quality was 48.7% and 45.6% individually. There was critical relationship between the degree of Neck pain and Hand grip strength. The association was found between them, NPD index and hand grip strength among selected participants is hundred percent. The above P value chi square value is 0.03 which is less than 0.05 which shows that there is association between and neck pain and Hand grip strength. Conclusion:This research shows the association of neck pain with hand grip strength in school teachers.