bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis CFD de flujos turbulentos desplazados por bombas centrífugas con bajo número de Reynolds
Authors: Sánchez José , Hernández Brando , Duarte Forero Jorge
Published: May 2021

Numerical methodologies have presented an inexpensive solution of laminar and turbulent flows capable of predicting a wide range of mechanical devices in science and engineering. Computational tools have been employed in recent years to analyze the conservation equations behavior used to describe the interaction between turbulent and laminar flows used to transfer the energy needed to perform a complex mechanical system. Due to the above, this paper purpose the application of the numerical method linked to mathematical algorithms capable of generating an approximated solution of the partial differential equations system which determines pressure, and velocity values related to the centrifugal pump performance under low Re conditions in a virtual environment through OpenFOAM software, and Salome 8.3.0. An independence mesh analysis was computed to study the computational effort required to establish an approximated turbulence phenomena description performed by the centrifugal pump into the virtual environment supported by MRFSimpleFoam solver.
Modelo de tasa de inyección en fase líquida para el inyector Isuzu 4JJ1 mediante dinámica de fluidos computacional
Authors: Duarte Forero Jorge , García Daniel , Bello Jesús
Published: May 2021

En el siguiente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo basado en la simulación mediante la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) para la predicción del comportamiento de la inyección liquida fría del inyector ISUZU 4JJ1, para ello se revisan los principios físicos y la tendencia tecnológica actuales; con el objetivo de cimentar el modelo CFD. Para la validación del modelo, se comparó con un modelo teórico, al que se ajusta el modelo mediante un factor de corrección, luego se realiza un análisis de varianza multifactorial para determinar la influencia de los distintos parámetros sobre la tasa de inyección
México y su transición energética: un cambio en pro de la energía Renovable
Authors: Fragoso Altamirano Alejandra Yareth
Published: May 2021

Este estudio da una vista del panorama energético de México y su transición energética a través de 3 comparativas de escenarios de potencial de capacidad y generación para las energías renovables; El 1º dado por el potencial de generación categorizado en Probado, Probable y Posible emitido por Secretaria de Energía (SENER) ; el 2º existen 4 escenarios dados por las zonas o sitios de alto potencial para proyectos de generación de energía limpia considerando, o no, la Red Nacional de Transmisión 2018 respecto a 2016 y por último el escenario marcado por el Programa Indicativo para la Instalación y Retiro de Centrales Eléctricas (PIIRCE) para modelar la expansión optima de la Red de Transmisión comparando 2018-2032 respecto a 2019-2032. Las comparativas realizadas nos permiten decir que México es un país rico en recursos con altas zonas de potencial energético siendo la energía fotovoltaica la de mayor evolución en energía renovable denotándose en su potencial de capacidad y generación. Las comparativas del PIIRCE nos llevó a comprobar el hecho de que México no lograra el objetivo establecido bajo el Acuerdo de Copenhague el cual pretendía reducir emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) hasta en un 30% para 2020. Un México que aumente considerablemente la proporción de energía renovable en el conjunto de fuentes energéticas es fundamental para un México del mañana.
Diseño e implementación de una aplicación Android para el monitoreo y toma de decisiones de una edificación inteligente
Authors: Benítez-Pina Israel Francisco
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se diseña e implementa una aplicación para teléfonos celulares “inteligentes” (smartphones) que trabajan con el sistema operativo Android para el monitoreo de una edificación domótica.

En la investigación se realiza un estudio de los diferentes entornos de desarrollo de aplicaciones Android y las características de las redes inalámbricas existentes, seleccionando como red de área local a utilizar la WLAN (Wireless Local Área Network) por las ventajas que la misma ofrece y las características propias del proyecto.  Además, se escoge la topología “Cliente y punto de acceso” para realizar la conexión inalámbrica y se identifica la tecnología WiFi que se va a utilizar. Por último, se diseña la aplicación analizando el entorno de desarrollo de Android, se realiza la Interfaz de la App “Android Home” y la conexión de Arduino con Android Studio vía WiFi.

Con el trabajo “Diseño e implementación de una aplicación Android para el monitoreo y toma de decisiones de una edificación inteligente”, los estudiantes y profesores de la Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica podrán contar con la aplicación inalámbrica para controlar la maqueta de laboratorio de la Edificación Domótica.
A study on internet addiction among medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, India
Authors: Lavadi Raj , Subramanian Mangala , Panchaseelan Meghana , Chintala Lakshmi , Reddy Lalasa , Dhananjay Megha , Acharya Supriya
Published: May 2021

Background: Internet usage is prevalent among medical students as they utilize it for both study purposes as well as for entertainment. Widespread usage of the internet may lead to its addiction. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of internet addiction and identify its contributing factors among medical students.Methods: 239 second and third year medical students completed the internet addiction test as well as the supplementary questionnaire at Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research center. The assessment of addiction was performed using Dr. Kimberley Young's internet addiction test.Results: It was found that 120 (50.2%) students were mildly addicted and 39 (16.3%) students were moderately addicted and 1 (0.42%) student was severely addicted.Conclusions: 66.9% of medical students had various levels of internet addiction from mild to severe. Therefore, behavior change communication is required to overcome addiction in these students.
Role of iron metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis: a case control study in Katra
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Badyal Ashima
Published: May 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease still carries an appreciable mortality, representing the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. In a living organism, iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, as a co-factor of enzymes and involved in various cellular functions. Fe homeostasis is maintained by various mechanisms is disturbed in diseased. The aim of study was estimating the Fe metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in relation to sputum bacterial load and inflammation and severity.

Methods: This present case control study was conducted in department of medicine CHC Katra, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir from June 2019 to September 2019. A total of 100 adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 74 healthy, age matched individuals were included in the study.

Results: Out of 100 patients, 65% were males with average age being 43.56±15.63 years. Mean serum protein at 6.32±0.78 g/dl and mean serum albumin at 3.45±0.52 g/dl showed significance. Mean serum Fe (39.68±18.32 ug/dl) and mean hemoglobin level (9.36±1.52) was significantly lower as compared to controls. Serum TIBC, serum ferritin and serum CRP showed higher values among cases. Raised serum ferritin levels corresponded to the raised CRP and TB is seen causing significantly low levels of transferrin.

Conclusions: CRP and ferritin should be regarded as useful markers of PTB activity and also to the risks associated to it and also while monitoring therapeutic response.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Radiological Profile of Interstitial Lung Disease Using High Resolution Computed Tomography of Patients Attending Medical College at Ahmedabad
Authors: Desai Nikunj C. , Parkar Nilesh P. , Dave Asutosh N.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an unpredictable diffuse parenchymal lung disease, which involves interstitium of lung (tissue around the alveoli of the lungs). High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is one of the confirmatory, easily accessible methodology for the conclusion and follow up assessment of interstitial lung disease. We wanted to study the normal HRCT patterns found with interstitial lung disease and contrastingly different HRCT designs and clinical information in differential determination of pulmonary fibrosis. We also wanted to study the different patterns of interstitial lung disease on high resolution computed tomography and thereby provide accurate diagnosis and management to the patients. METHODS The study was a hospital based prospective, cross sectional study. In the present study, total fifty patients referred from Department of Medicine and Department of Pulmonary Medicine of GCS Medical College having suspicion of interstitial lung disease were studied from April 2019 to September 2019. All patients underwent HRCT thorax on 16 slice Siemens computerised tomography (CT) scan machine in recumbent position utilising usual HRCT protocol. Lung abnormalities were noticed and classified for explicit diagnosis of interstitial lung pathologies. RESULTS Most of the patients (N = 25) were found to be in the age group of 50 - 80 years (17 female & 8 male). Progressive dyspnoea (N = 47; 94 %) was the most common chief complaint. The most common form of interstitial lung disease was usual interstitial pneumonia (UIN) (N = 18; 36 %) in our study. Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) (N = 7; 14 %) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia, NSIP (N = 7; 14 %) were the next common interstitial lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS The most well-known interstitial lung disease seen in our examination was usual interstitial pneumonia. Cases of interstitial lung disease are on the rise. Interstitial lung disease should be ruled out in all patients with progressive dyspnoea, particularly when there are no obvious or known causes of dyspnoea. Clinical and laboratory findings, pulmonary function tests, history of exposure along with HRCT workup is indispensable for the identification or exclusion of interstitial lung disease. HRCT is also useful for the follow-up study. KEYWORDS Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP), High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP), Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP)
Does Vitamin D Have a Role in the Inception of Childhood Asthma? - A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jayabal Mohan , Ramanathan Rashmi , Kumar Arun , Yogisparan Pavithra Vyshnavi , Subramaniyam Manishankar , Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Global prevalence of paediatric asthma has shown a sharp increase in last three decades. Recently vitamin D has been linked with lung function and vitamin D supplementation can lessen the acute exacerbations in asthmatic children. The purpose of the study was to compare lung parameters and vitamin D levels in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children and assess the correlation between vitamin D levels and pulmonary function parameters in children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 asthmatic children and 42 healthy volunteers between the age group of 5 and 18 years attending the paediatric outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care centre in Coimbatore. Pulmonary functions were assessed using computerized spirometer and the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were estimated by Diazyme EZ vitamin D assay latex enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. The results were compared between asthmatics and non-asthmatics to find out the association. RESULTS The average age of the study participants was 10.5 ± 2.5 years. Lung parameters and mean vitamin D levels are reduced in asthmatics. There is a positive significant correlation between serum vitamin D levels and forced expiratory volume FEV1 / forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < 0.05, r = 0.781), and also between vitamin D and FEV1 (P < 0.05, r = 0.28). Lung parameters like FEV1, FEV1 / FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) are significantly decreased in asthmatic children. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the asthmatics have insufficient vitamin D levels than the normal peers with no asthma. Our study confirms the positive association between vitamin D and FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC ratio. KEYWORDS Vitamin D, Asthma, Pulmonary Function, Lung Parameters
Возможности использования теории архетипов в брендинге
Authors: Каменская Д.Д.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using the theory of archetypes in marketing. The author considers the typology of archetypes according to K. Pearson, gives examples of their use by world brands. The positive aspects of using the theory of archetypes in the process of brand formation, as well as ambiguous views on this approach, are described.
Значимость изучения профессионально-ориентированного английского языка будущими программистами в вузе
Authors: Башкирова О.А. , Башкирова Е.А.
Published: May 2021

The article defines the arguments that help to understand the importance of mastering professional English by future programmers. The results of the survey are presented to determine the number of students who are aware of the importance of learning English in the formation of a competitive programmer. Attention is drawn to the formation of motivation to professional English learning. It is concluded that future programmers need to learn professional English.
Влияние виртуальной реальности на подростков
Authors: Семенова А.Н. , Чочиева А.Н. , Коркмазова Ф.И.
Published: May 2021

Over the past decades, there has been an active development of information and communication, computer, electronic, digital and Internet technologies. Modern technologies are being introduced into all spheres of human life, as a result, radically transforming our society, production and life
Адекватность передачи текстов железнодорожной тематики с япон-ского на русский язык
Authors: Роббек М.К. , Кривошеева Е.И.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes lexical and grammatical difficulties in translation of articles related to the railway field from Japanese into Russian, and suggests ways of their adequate solution. The main methods of term formation of the studied area in the Japanese language are identified and the methods of their functional implementation in Russian are considered.
Онлайн-обучение студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями
Authors: Муллер О.Ю.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of distance learning for students with special educational needs by conducting a series of online seminars on the basis of the Internet platform Moodle. The subject of the analysis is the educational needs of students with disabilities and the requirements for appropriate training of teachers. The author aims to reveal the organizational conditions of online training. The methodology of conducting the work lies in the research of the topic by describing the monitoring results and also interpretation and synthesis with using comparative analysis. The basis of the research includes pedagogical monitoring and conducting of online seminars. The results are necessary conditions of organisation of online education for students with special educational needs in the form of online seminars and support of claims for teachers training
Этапы формирования исследовательских навыков и умений у студентов медицинского вуза
Authors: Уточкина Е.А. , Куприянова Г.А. , Кокина Т.В.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the formation of medical students ' skills and abilities of research activities in laboratory and practical classes in chemistry. The goals, specific features and tasks of the discipline of chemistry are justified. Examples of individual and collective chemical experiments are presented. It is noted that the applied methods gradually form students ' skills of observation, mathematical calculations, the ability to correctly formulate conclusions and draw up a research protocol.
Анизотропия поверхностной энергии и поверхностного слоя некоторых халькогенидов металлов
Authors: Юров В.М. , Гончаренко В.И. , Олешко В.С.
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes an empirical model, which in combination with the model of A.I. Rusanov. makes it possible to calculate the anisotropy of the surface energy and the thickness of the surface layer of metals and their compounds. Calculations were made for six metal chalcogenides. The surface energy and the thickness of the surface layer have a significant effect on nanoelectronics, since in the nanoregion, size effects affect all physical effects
Распад остаточного аустенита в стали У12 при обработке в магнитном поле
Authors: Пустовойт В.Н. , Долгачев Ю.В. , Караваев В.П.
Published: May 2021

In article the analysis of influence of magnetic field on process of disintegration of austenite at release of U12 steel is carried out. The influence of the magnetic field leads to an intensification of the decay process of residual austenite and more intense isolation of the carbide phase from austenite.
Социально-экономическое преобразование РФ в условиях глобализации
Authors: Амельченко А.В
Published: May 2021

In the following article the trends of changes in export-import commodity composition of Russia before and after joining WTO are being analyzed; the dynamics of Gross Domestic Product is being shown; and also a significant part of base material sector in international commerce is reflected. The directions, structure and reasons for capital transfer including direct investments are shown. Several transformation aspects in the field of Russian higher education after joining WTO are highlighted.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Physiotherapists: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Ramanandi Vivek , Desai Anjan
Published: May 2021

Background: Physiotherapists (PTs) are at the highest risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) because of the nature of demands from their profession. This review aims to describe current knowledge associated with the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs among Indian PTs.
Methods: Various electronic databases were searched for literature relating to WMSDs in PTs from India between years 2010 and 2020. Four full texts and two abstracts were selected based on the inclusion criteria and reviewed in a narrative way.
Results: Overall prevalence of WMSDs among PTs was reported to be high, with lifetime prevalence as high as 91%, and the lower back, neck, upper back, and shoulders as the most frequently affected in descending order. The major risk factors reported for WMSDs were: lifting, physical load, transferring, static and awkward static postures, treating a large number of patients per day, and repetitive movements. WMSDs were reported to be associated with age, gender, and physical activity levels, with a higher prevalence in female PTs. Also the younger PTs and PTs with lower physical activity levels were reported to be more affected.
Conclusion: It was inferred that the work-related injuries are not prevented by the knowledge about cor­rect body mechanics and skills. PTs need to develop work modification strategies and mechanical aids to reduce WMSDs in without compromising the quality of treatment.
Study of Biomechanical Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Bakery Business Based on ART and OCRA Index
Authors: Beheshti Mohammad Hossein , Jafarizaveh Mostafa , Samaei Seyyed Ehsan , Vosoughi Shahram , Borhani Jebeli Maryam , Zia Ghasem
Published: May 2021

Background:Bakery workers, Beacause of their nature, are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders caused by ergonomic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in bakery workers.
Methods: In the current study, all tasks of sangak, taftoon, and lavash bakery in Gonabad were selected based on the census method. Next, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method was used for task analysis, and the job was degraded to tasks, actions, and movements. For the following step, the ART and OCRA method was implemented to identify common risk factors in repetitive tasks that can contribute to developing musculoskeletal disorders of upper limbs. Analysis of the results in this study was performed using SPSS 17.
Results: According to the results study, the ART and OCRA index score for shater and chonegir tasks for all three kinds of bakeries is at high risk (red zone). In ART index score of arm movements, repetition, force, head/neck posture, and back posture for shater and choonegir task in lavash and taftoon bakery and shater task in sangak bakery is in its maximum levels. This reflects the level of red risk and indicates that in these tasks, fast arm movements, repetition, force, head/neck posture, and back posture are recognized as major occupational risk factors in these tasks.
Conclusion: The results showed that the risk of musculoskeletal disorders owing to repetitive tasks is relatively high in the bakery and ergonomic interventions are required to redesign the job. This study shows the use of the ART method as a practical, applicable, easy, and convenient method for evaluation and ergonomics interventions in repetitive work tasks.
Evaluation of White Matter Tracts in Autistic Individuals: A Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies
Authors: Faraji Reihane , Khandan khademreza Zahra , Sharifian Soheila , Zare Hoda
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Many cognitive and social deficits in autism are caused by abnormal functional connections between brain networks, which are manifested by impaired integrity of white matter tracts. White matter tracts are like the "highways" of the brain, which allow fast and efficient communication in different areas of the brain. The purpose of this article is to review the results of autism studies that have used diffusion tensor images (DTI). Diffusion tensor images is a neuroimaging technique to examine the integrity of tracts.
Conclusion: The results of these studies suggest that neural tracts can be abnormal in people with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to impaired white matter integrity. Thus, changes in these tracts in the brains of people with ASD are helpful in identifying individual differences. Although most studies have reported decreased FA and increased MD, RD, and AD in white matter tracts, some studies have reported increased FA or no significant difference between the control and autistic groups.
Effect of the Protein Cunsumption Over the Immune System Responses Given During Covid-19
Authors: ÖZKAYA İsmail , Şişman İrem Beyza
Published: May 2021

It has long been known that insufficient intake of quality dietary protein or amino acids impairs immune function and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases

Nutritional status in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial factor for optimal prognosis and can determine the clinical severity of COVID-19. Insufficient energy and protein intake to reduce weight gain due to inactivity during the pandemic is a common mistake people make. Insufficient intakes of energy, protein and specific micronutrients; It is associated with suppressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infection.

The morbidity and mortality of the disease is higher, especially in low immune function people.  It is known that increasing protein intake is a priority in order to reduce catabolism due to inflammatory mediators

Eating healthy before, during and after the illness is the main key to the immune system and health. Patients who can eat during illness should be advised to consume sufficient and high quality protein despite the loss of their sense of taste. In order to prevent muscle loss and strengthen respiratory muscles, 1.5 g / kg / day protein and branched chain amino acid would be a good decision for this pandemic periods.
Kinetic and thermodynamic study on adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions using natural clay
Authors: ABBOU Brahim , LEBKİRİ İmane , OUADDARI Hanae , ELKHATTABİ Omar , HABSAOUI Amar , LEBKIRI Ahmed , RIFI El Housseine
Published: May 2021

Heavy metal pollution poses a great risk for the environment and the human health. Cadmium is among the most common pollutants found in wastewater, known for its great toxicity even in small doses. This work aims to study the removal of cadmium using natural Moroccan clay (MC). The clay was characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET, and SEM. The effects of several experimental parameters on the clay adsorption capacity towards cadmium ions, such as MC dose, initial concentration and contact time, initial pH, and temperature were studied. The kinetic models Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, and Elovich are evaluated to identify the adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism was determined by the use of the adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin model. The results show that the heavy metal retention obeys the Pseudo-second order (R²≥0.99). The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit (R²≥0.99) to the experimental data for the adsorption of Cd(II) by MC as compared to the Freundlich and Temkin model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Cd(II), using the Langmuir model equation, is equal to 5.25 mg/g. The adsorption is a spontaneous and an endothermic process characterized by a disorder of the medium.
Structural Racism: A Call to Action for Health and Health Disparities Research
Authors: Priest Naomi , Williams David R.
Published: May 2021

Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):285-288; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.285
Structural Racism: The Rules and Relations of Inequity
Authors: Gee Gilbert C. , Hicken Margaret T.
Published: May 2021

Why do racial inequalities endure despite numerous attempts to expand civil rights in certain sectors? A major reason for this endurance is due to lack of attention to structural racism. Although structural and institutional racism are often conflated, they are not the same. Herein, we provide an analogy of a “bucky ball” (Buckminster­fullerene) to distinguish the two concepts. Structural racism is a system of intercon­nected institutions that operate with a set of racialized rules that maintain White supremacy. These connections and rules al­low racism to reinvent itself into new forms and persist, despite civil rights interventions directed at specific institutions. To illustrate these ideas, we provide examples from the fields of environmental justice, criminal justice, and medicine. Racial inequities in power and health will persist until we redi­rect our gaze away from specific institutions (and specific individuals), and instead focus on the resilient connections among institu­tions and their racialized rules.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):293-300; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.293
Looking Back to Leap Forward: A Framework for Operationalizing the Structural Racism Construct in Minority and Immigrant Health Research
Authors: Dennis Alexis C. , Chung Esther O. , Lodge Evans K. , Martinez Rae Anne , Wilbur Rachel E.
Published: May 2021

Racism is now widely recognized as a fundamental cause of health inequali­ties in the United States. As such, health scholars have rightly turned their attention toward examining the role of struc­tural racism in fostering morbidity and mortality. However, to date, much of the empirical structural racism-health dispari­ties literature limits the operationalization of structural racism to a single domain or orients the construct around a White/ Black racial frame. This operationaliza­tion approach is incomprehensive and overlooks the heterogeneity of historical and lived experiences among other racial and ethnic groups.To address this gap, we present a theoreti­cally grounded framework that illumi­nates core mutually reinforcing domains of structural racism that have stratified opportunities for health in the United States. We catalog instances of structural discrimination that were particularly con­straining (or advantageous) to the health of racial and ethnic groups from the late 1400s to present. We then illustrate the utility of this framework by applying it to American Indians or Alaska Natives and discuss the framework’s broader implica­tions for empirical health research. This framework should help future scholars across disciplines as they identify and interrogate important laws, policies, and norms that have differentially constrained opportunities for health among racial and ethnic groups.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):301-310; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.301
Görüntü İşlemede Görüntü Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi için Alternatif Bir İstatistiksel Yaklaşım: Bland-Altman Metodu
Authors: Babacan Şevkiye , Kılıç İbrahim
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada en iyi görüntü kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla bulanıklaştırılmış görüntüler orijinal görüntü ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Literatürde görüntü kalitesini belirlemede kullanılan bazı klasik yaklaşımlar Normalleştirilmiş Çapraz Korelasyon, Normalleştirilmiş Mutlak Hata, Yapısal İçerik, Tepe Sinyal Gürültü Oranı değerleridir. Bu çalışmada bilimsel araştırmalarda iki metodun karşılaştırılmasında kullanılan Bland-Altman Metodu, ilk kez görüntü kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacı ile kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için ilk olarak görüntü standardının sağlanması amacıyla Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesinin logosu 8 bit derinliğinde 256 x 256 boyutlarında gri tonlamalı bir görüntüye dönüştürülmüştür. Bu görüntü orijinal görüntü olarak ele alınıp A olarak adlandırılmıştır. Karşılaştırılan görüntüler ise orijinal görüntünün gürültü eklenerek bulanıklaştırılmış B, C ve D olarak adlandırılan üç görüntüsünden oluşmaktadır. İlgili görüntüler rassal olarak seçilen ve k, k1 ve k2 olarak adlandırılan 0-256 arasındaki farklı üç satır ve bu satırlara karşı gelen sütunlara ait piksellerin değerlerinden elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra bulanıklaştırılmış görüntülerin orijinal görüntü ile ikili karşılaştırmaları, Bland-Altman Metodu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda B, C ve D olarak adlandırılan bulanık görüntüler arasından orijinale en yakın görüntünün hem klasik yaklaşımlarla hem de öne sürülen Bland-Altman yaklaşımı ile B görüntüsü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili tablo ve şekillerde ayrıntılı olarak verilmiştir.
Parents’ Perceptions of Their Children’s Experiences With Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hamaidi Dr. Diala A. , Arouri Dr. Yousef M. , Noufal Rana K. , Aldrou Islam T.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of primary and secondary students’ parents in Jordan toward the distance learning process implemented in light of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers used the descriptive survey method to collect and analyze data and interpret the results. After developing the study instrument (questionnaire) and ensuring its validity and reliability, it was distributed to a selected sample, consisting of 470 parents, by random cluster method during the second semester of the 2019–2020 academic year. The study results show that primary and secondary students’ parents were moderately satisfied with the distance learning process implemented in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the results reveal statistically significant differences in the parents’ perceptions attributed to the variables of the child’s grade, in favor of grades 5–7; teacher’s gender, in favor of female teachers; and school type, in favor of private schools.
What Is Open Pedagogy? Identifying Commonalities
Authors: Tietjen Phil , Asino Tutaleni I.
Published: May 2021

Open pedagogy has been touted by advocates as a promising expansion of open educational resources because it involves shifting from making resources accessible to impacting the practice of teaching. The allure of the term coupled with its promise to bring greater innovation to pedagogy has led to its widespread use at conferences and publications. However, as the concept has gained increasing levels of popularity, it has also sparked considerable debate as to what it means. For example, how is open pedagogy distinct from other forms of pedagogy such as critical or cultural? What does it mean to practice open pedagogy? Without a clear understanding of its meaning, establishing a solid research foundation on which to make claims about the impact of open pedagogy approaches is difficult. Accordingly, this article argues that the current debate signals the need for the development of robust analytical frameworks in order to construct a cohesive body of research that can be used to advance it as a field of study. To do this, the authors review the literature and identify common characteristics within it. The authors then propose a five-part framework that encourages the long-term sustainability of open pedagogy.
A Systematic Review of Questionnaire-Based Quantitative Research on MOOCs
Authors: Lu Mingxiao , Cui Tianyi , Huang Zhenyu , Zhao Hong , Li Tao , Wang Kai
Published: May 2021

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have attracted much interest from educational researchers and practitioners around the world. There has been an increase in empirical studies about MOOCs in recent years, most of which used questionnaire surveys and quantitative methods to collect and analyze data. This study explored the research topics and paradigms of questionnaire-based quantitative research on MOOCs by reviewing 126 articles available in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases from January 2015 to August 2020. This comprehensive overview showed that: (a) the top three MOOC research topics were the factors influencing learners’ performance, dropout rates and continuance intention to use MOOCs, and assessing MOOCs; (b) for these three topics, many studies designed questionnaires by adding new factors or adjustments to extant theoretical models or survey instruments; and (c) most researchers used descriptive statistics to analyze data, followed by the structural equation model, and reliability and validity analysis. This study elaborated on the relationship of research topics and key factors in the research models by building factors-goals (F-G) graphs. Finally, we proposed some directions and recommendations for future research on MOOCs.
Museum-Based Distance Learning Programs: Current Practices and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Ennes Megan
Published: May 2021

Museums play an important role in out-of-school learning. Many museums have begun offering distance learning programs to increase their reach and the accessibility of their collections. These programs serve a wide range of audiences from pre-kindergarten to lifelong learners. This descriptive study examined the current practices in museum-based distance learning programs. Additional data was collected once museums began closing due to COVID-19 and transitioning to distance learning programs. The study found that museums offering programs before COVID-19 predominately offered school-based programs via teleconferencing software. Museums transitioning to distance learning programs following closures due to COVID-19 mainly utilized social media platforms to offer a wide range of programming for the general public. Additional information was gathered regarding how the programs were developed and who facilitated them. Museums are still determining how to respond to COVID-19 closures. This study described the current landscape and potential opportunities for research related to museum-based distance learning programs. These areas for research include establishing best practices, defining high-quality programs, opportunities to engage in instructional design, and professional development for the museum staff facilitating these programs.
Trends and Patterns in Distance Education (2014–2019): A Synthesis of Scholarly Publications and a Visualization of the Intellectual Landscape
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Zawacki-Richter Olaf
Published: May 2021

The field of distance education (DE) is dynamic and constantly evolving; it reflects and adapts according to changes in socio-cultural, demographic, political, and technological domains. Thus, there is a need to understand past and present activities in the field, in order to better inform future research. The main purpose of this study was to examine DE research through data mining and analytics approaches, using social network analysis (SNA) and text mining to conduct a bibliographic analysis. The findings highlighted three main strands of DE research: (a) issues related to open education; (b) the design, support, and quality assurance of online DE; and (c) the implementation and use of educational technology, media, and digital tools. SNA of the bibliometric data identified pivotal theoretical contributions, including that the fields of distance education and educational technology converge. The article concludes with recommendations for future research directions.
Opposition to Haryana government’s medical education directive: not just about the fee hike
Authors: Gandhi Mohit P
Published: May 2021

A recent directive of the Haryana government has linked the MBBS course offered by the state government medical colleges to an annual bond of Rs 10 lakh. This move has been opposed by medical aspirants, medical students, as well as the medical association as it will further reduce avenues for affordable medical education. While this is indeed a grave concern, there is more that needs to be considered.
URGÊNCIA NA INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL EM REGIÃO DE SAÚDE DO TOCANTINS, ILHA DO BANANAL, NO PERÍODO DE 2009 A 2018
Authors: Costa Aguiar Jéssica , Santos Silva Kelly Karen , Nogueira Nascimento Renata , Matosinhos de Carvalho Day'ane , De Souza Barros Rafael , Bandeira da Silva Filha Manuela , De Oliveira Cândido Adryella
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico da Insuficiência Renal na Região de Saúde Ilha do Bananal, Estado do Tocantins, entre os períodos de 2009 a 2018. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo de caráter transversal, com base em dados disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Foram identificadas 880 internações na região da Ilha do Bananal por Insuficiência Renal no período de 2009 a 2018. O perfil epidemiológico da injúria renal na região de saúde Ilha do Bananal, configurado por pacientes do sexo masculino, pardos, com idades entre 60 e 69 anos e majoritariamente atendidos em caráter de urgência, não foge do padrão de outras pesquisas realizadas neste propósito, o que se torna alarmante. Conclusão: A insuficiência renal, tanto aguda quanto crônica, demanda uma forte atenção em saúde, tendo em vista que este pilar das políticas públicas em saúde envolve medidas de proteção, prevenção e promoção em saúde, assim como o tratamento e reabilitação de doenças já instaladas. A detecção precoce da IR permite a tomada de medidas, farmacológicas ou não, que podem ser eficazes, diminuindo gastos na saúde pública, em termos de tratamento e hospitalizações de pacientes que desenvolvem a comorbidade até estágios mais avançados. Ademais, nestes pacientes onde a doença já está estabelecida e o tratamento dialítico iniciado, quando há uma estrutura física adequada, qualificação especialização da equipe multiprofissional, padronização de protocolos de atendimento, entre outras características necessárias, percebe-se uma diminuta incidência de intercorrências e menores prazos de internações.
NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS EN LOS MECANISMOS ALTERNATIVOS DE SOLUCIÓN DE CONTROVERSIAS PARA EL ACCESO A LA JUSTICIA FRENTE A LOS LÍMITES DEL PODER JURISDICCIONAL
Authors: Ontiveros Vázquez Paola Jackeline , Niebla Zatarain Jesus Manuel
Published: May 2021

El acceso a la justicia cada vez es más complicado, los órganos jurisdiccionales se encuentran saturados, el tiempo de resolución implica costo, tiempo y desgaste emocional. La tecnología es actualmente una herramienta que nos permite estar en constante comunicación con nuestros seres queridos, realizar negocios desde diferentes partes del mundo y resolver conflictos sin necesidad de trasladarnos; incluir la tecnología en el uso de los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos es un gran avance para la impartición de justicia en México, no solo para descongestionar al sistema judicial, sino para permitir el acceso a la justicia a personas mayores, con capacidades diferentes, que se encuentran fuera de su país de nacimiento o residencia y necesitan el apoyo para resolver un conflicto.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL
Authors: Paulo Rodolfo Fares , Lazari Rafael de , Siqueira Agnéia Luciana Lopes de
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo busca fazer um estudo transdisciplinar (e um tanto lúdico) entre direito e cultura, para analisar tanto o exercício de curadoria da Constituição pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, como os remédios constitucionais previstos pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, tomando como vetor de análise a obra “Os Cavaleiros do Zoadíaco”, de Masami Kurumada. Seguindo proposital objetivo de não segmentar o Direito ao viés exclusivamente jurídico, e valendo-se dos métodos dedutivo e comparativo, o trabalho busca compreender a tendência - trazida pela Constituição Federal de 1988 - de jurisdicionalizar todo tipo de questão, e a forma como o Poder Judiciário tem atuado, seja através dos Cavaleiros de Ouro (Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal), seja através dos Cavaleiros de Bronze (remédios constitucionais).
LA PROTECCIÓN JURÍDICO-CONSTITUCIONAL DEL DERECHO A LA IDENTIDAD EN EL PERÚ: RESPUESTAS FRENTE AL COVID-19
Authors: Agurto Gonzáles Carlos Antonio , Díaz Díaz María-Pía Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

El derecho a la identidad en el Perú se ha consolidado gracias al desarrollo jurisprudencial del Tribunal Constitucional, el cual tiene como antecedente la importantísima doctrina del profesor Carlos Fernández Sessarego. Tal es así que se ha logrado un reconocimiento constitucional del derecho a la identidad como aquel compuesto por elementos estáticos y dinámicos. En esa línea se ha establecido que el sexo es un elemento dinámico de la identidad y, por ende,  puede ser modificado, de tal manera que responda a la identidad psicosocial de la persona. La jurisprudencia constitucional peruana ha atendido al llamado de emergencia de una población minoritaria e históricamente discriminada como es la población trans en el Perú, devolviéndoles la protección jurídica a través del conocimiento judicial de las causas referidas al cambio de la mención del sexo en los registros. En este ensayo, se analiza el derecho a la identidad personal de las personas trans, cuya protección jurídica ha sido afectada por la pandemia del COVID-19, lo que nos permite analizar lo que hace falta por desarrollar en cuanto a la efectiva protección de este derecho.
(IN)DIGNIDADE HUMANA NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA: ESTERILIZAÇÃO COMPULSÓRIA NO CASO JANAÍNA
Authors: Costa Fabricio Veiga , Araújo Dalvaney Aparecida de
Published: May 2021

O objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar o exercício da autonomia privada e autodeterminação, corolários da dignidade humana, para analisar criticamente o caso Janaína. A escolha do tema se justifica em razão de sua relevância prática, jurídica e constitucional, especialmente no que tange ao direito do Estado intervir na esfera privada dos indivíduos. A dignidade da pessoa humana comporta diversas interpretações que margeiam ambiguidades, proporcionando o emprego do princípio como mecanismo de utilização da heteronomia. Com isso, alardeiam-se discursos anacrônicos cujo fim se pauta em arbitrariedades e moralismos por parte de entidades estatais. Assim, analisa-se a situação fática envolvendo Janaína, uma moradora de rua que teve sua esterilização realizada de forma compulsória, para demonstrar que a melhor leitura da dignidade humana pauta-se na compreensão das pessoas como agentes morais, que possuem capacidade de autodeterminação para escolher os rumos de sua própria vida. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a utilização do método dedutivo e as análises críticas, temáticas e interpretativas, concluiu-se que a discricionariedade judicial e os argumentos metajurídicos legitimaram aprioristicamente a intervenção estatal para impedir o direito de Janaína se reproduzir, em contrariedade com o direito fundamental de liberdade, autodeterminação e dignidade humana.
New book science: a look into the future
Authors: Elyashevich D. A. , Mutyev V. A.
Published: May 2021

Modern media2 transformations are accompanied by changes in the spatio-temporal characteristics of social interaction. Traditional and new ways of fixing and transmitting ideas, their materialization through various communication channels are at the heart of these changes. This shapes the need for actualization of research, development of new approaches, clarification of the object and the subject of medialogical disciplines, including book studies.

In this study, the main problems of modern Russian bibliology have been identified: limited potential of morally outdated approaches (structural-typological, functional, documentgraphics), a breakaway from the dynamically changing international social and humanitarian agenda and non-participation in international bibliological forums, the functioning of a closed system of scholarly communication. Among other problems are: methodological cliché, limited use of sociological methods, slow digitalization of book studies.

The contemporary understanding of the production and dissemination of symbolic forms as an unstructured and non-hierarchical system requires fundamentally new research approaches, the extension of methodological tools, crossdisciplinary study of the theory and history of books.

The purpose of the article is to form the concept of “a new book science” with the object which should be considered as a system with emphasis on feedback “author – writing – text – reading – reader”.

A system of projects focused on practical implementation of this concept is proposed: medialogical approach development; interdisciplinary research of the history of the reader and reading in Russia; the formation of an independent scientific field – the sociology of book – and the design of the eponymous educational discipline; preparation of a modern textbook on book science for higher education.