bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Skull Base Lymphoma: Manifestations and Clinical Outcomes of a Great Imitator
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Modzeski Mara C. , Lane John I. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Stokken Janalee K. , Thanarajasingam Gita , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Primary skull base lymphoma (PSBL) represents a rare manifestation of extranodal lymphoma. Presenting with nonspecific symptomatology and imaging findings, PSBL often masquerades as more common cranial base pathology and thus can present a diagnostic challenge. The objectives of this study were to characterize the manifestations and clinical outcomes of PSBL.

Study Design

Case series and chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Review of 48 patients with PSBL treated between 1994 and 2016.

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 60 years. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma comprised the most common subtype (56%). Presenting symptoms included diplopia (52%), trigeminal hypesthesia (38%), headache (29%), facial nerve weakness (25%), B‐symptoms (fevers, night sweats, and/or weight loss) (25%), and hearing loss (21%). Discrete lesions commonly mimicked meningioma, schwannoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Diffuse lesions imitated neurosarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and carcinomatosis meningitis. Only 26% of all initial clinical evaluations suspected lymphoma. The combination of restricted diffusion on diffusion‐weighted imaging, an absence of flow voids or surrounding hyperostosis, bony erosion and/or marrow signal replacement, and heterogeneous contrast enhancement facilitated delineation between PSBL and common skull base pathology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was diagnostic of lymphoma in 24% of cases. Lymphoma within CSF portended significantly worse overall survival (85% vs 18% at 3‐years; P <. 001).

Conclusion

A history significant for multiple cranial nerve palsies, B‐symptoms, and imaging findings inconsistent with common skull base pathology should raise suspicion for PSBL. CSF analysis in the setting of PSBL can provide diagnostic and prognostic value for patients.
In‐Office Endoscopic Laryngeal Laser Procedures: A Patient Safety Initiative
Authors: Anderson Jennifer , Bensoussan Yael , Townsley Richard , Kell Erika
Published: May 2018

Objective

To review complications of in‐office endoscopic laryngeal laser procedures after implementation of standardized safety protocol.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of the first 2 years of in‐office laser procedures at St Michaels Hospital after the introduction of a standardized safety protocol. The protocol included patient screening, procedure checklist with standardized reporting of processes, medications, and complications. Primary outcomes measured were complication rates of in‐office laryngeal laser procedures. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamic changes, local anesthetic dose, laser settings, total laser/procedure time, and incidence of sedation.

Results

A total of 145 in‐office KTP procedures performed on 65 patients were reviewed. In 98% of cases, the safety protocol was fully implemented. The overall complication rate was 4.8%. No major complications were encountered. Minor complications included vasovagal episodes and patient intolerance. The rate of patient intolerance resulting early termination of anticipated procedure was 13.1%. Total local anesthetic dose averaged 172.9 mg lidocaine per procedure. The mean amount of laser energy dispersed was 261.2 J, with mean total procedure time of 48.3 minutes. Sixteen percent of patients had preprocedure sedation. Vital signs were found to vary modestly. Systolic blood pressure was lower postprocedure in 13.8% and symptomatic in 4.1%.

Discussion

The review of our standardized safety protocol has revealed that in‐office laser treatment for laryngeal pathology has extremely low complication rates with safe patient outcomes.

Implications for Practice

The trend of shifting procedures out of the operating room into the office/clinic setting requires new processes designed to promote patient safety.
Changing pattern and outcome of pediatric chest injuries in urban Syria
Authors: Darwish Bassam , Mahfouz Mohammad Z , Al-Nosairat Saeed , Izzat Mohammad Bashar
Published: May 2018

Background

Pediatric chest injuries were infrequent in our practice, but the outbreak of the Syrian crisis resulted in an increase in number and a change in the pattern of thoracic trauma incidents. We compared our experience of pediatric chest injuries before and during the crisis.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 256 children aged 12.8 ± 5 years who were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of chest trauma over a 12-year period. Collected data included mechanism of injury, associated injuries, method of management, length of hospital stay, complications, and mortality.

Results

The incidence of pediatric chest injuries increased significantly following the outbreak of the crisis, and penetrating injuries prevailed, mainly due to shrapnel, bullets, and stab wounds. Forty percent of patients with blunt injuries and 20% of those with penetrating injuries were managed conservatively, whereas urgent thoracotomies were indicated in 10%, mostly in patients with penetrating injuries. Associated injuries were more frequent in patients with blunt injuries and resulted in a longer hospital stay and an increased mortality rate. The overall mortality rate was 7.8% and it was higher in children younger than 7 years of age and in patients who had been subjected to blunt injuries.

Conclusions

There has been a recent substantial upsurge in the incidence of pediatric thoracic trauma, with a predominance of penetrating injuries. Most patients could be managed nonoperatively, but a small subset required an open thoracotomy. The presence of associated injuries constitutes the main determinant of prognosis in this group of patients.
Does Tai Chi improve balance and reduce falls incidence in neurological disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Winser Stanley John , Tsang William WN , Krishnamurthy Karthikeyan , Kannan Priya
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi on balance and reducing falls incidence in neurological disorders.

Data sources:

AMED, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCO and Medline from inception until February 2018.

Review method:

Randomized controlled trials of Tai Chi compared with active or no treatment control, measuring balance with the Berg Balance Scale or the Timed Up and Go Test and number of falls in neurological disorders were included. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Results:

A total of 10 studies involving 720 participants were reviewed. Seven studies were in Parkinson’s disease and three in stroke. Seven studies were of high methodological quality and three were low. Meta-analyses of balance measured with the Timed Up and Go Test in Parkinson’s disease revealed a statistically significant effect of Tai Chi compared to no treatment (weighted mean difference (WMD), –2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), −3.26 to −1.00; P < 0.001) and was insignificant (WMD, −0.19; 95% CI, −1.74 to 1.35; P = 0.81) when compared with active treatment. Tai Chi significantly reduced falls incidence in Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio (OR), 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.77; P = 0.003) and stroke (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.48; P < 0.001). Balance measured with the Timed Up and Go Test comparing Tai Chi and active treatment was insignificant (WMD, 0.45; 95% CI, –3.43 to 2.54; P = 0.77) in stroke.

Conclusion:

Tai Chi is effective in reducing falls incidence in Parkinson’s disease and stroke. This systematic review did not find high-quality studies among other neurological disorders.
Palliative care volunteerism across the healthcare system: A survey study
Authors: Vanderstichelen Steven , Houttekier Dirk , Cohen Joachim , Van Wesemael Yanna , Deliens Luc , Chambaere Kenneth
Published: May 2018

Background:

Volunteers fulfil several roles in supporting terminally ill people and their relatives and can positively influence quality of care. Healthcare in many countries faces resource constraints and some governments now expect communities to provide an increasing proportion of palliative care. However, systematic insights into volunteer presence, tasks and training and organisational challenges for volunteerism are lacking.

Aim:

Describe organised volunteerism in palliative direct patient care across the Flemish healthcare system (Belgium).

Design:

A cross-sectional postal survey using a self-developed questionnaire was conducted with 342 healthcare organisations.

Setting/participants:

The study included full population samples of palliative care units, palliative day-care centres, palliative home care teams, medical oncology departments, sitting services, community home care services and a random sample of nursing homes.

Results:

Responses were obtained for 254 (79%) organisations; 80% have volunteers providing direct patient care. Psychosocial, signalling and existential care tasks were the most prevalent volunteer tasks. The most cited organisational barriers were finding suitable (84%) and new (80%) volunteers; 33% of organisations offered obligatory training (75% dedicated palliative care, 12% nursing homes). Differences in volunteer use were associated with training needs and prevalence of organisational barriers.

Conclusion:

Results suggest potential for larger volunteer contingents. The necessity of volunteer support and training and organisational coordination of recruitment efforts is emphasised. Organisations are encouraged to invest in adequate volunteer support and training. The potential of shared frameworks for recruitment and training of volunteers is discussed. Future research should study volunteerism at the volunteer level to contrast with organisational data.
Longitudinal MRI dynamics of recent small subcortical infarcts and possible predictors
Authors: Pinter Daniela , Gattringer Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Seifert-Held Thomas , Kneihsl Markus , Fandler Simon , Pichler Alexander , Barro Christian , Eppinger Sebastian , Pirpamer Lukas , Bachmaier Gerhard , Ropele Stefan , Wardlaw Joanna M , Kuhle Jens , Khalil Michael , Fazekas Franz
Published: May 2018

We aimed to explore the morphological evolution of recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSIs) over 15 months. Moreover, we hypothesized that quantitative lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and serum neurofilament light (NfL) levels predict subsequent lacunar cavitation. We prospectively studied 78 RSSI patients, who underwent pre-defined follow-up investigations three and 15 months poststroke using 3 T MRI including high-resolution T1 sequences. To identify potential predictors of cavitation, we determined RSSI size and quantitative ADC values, and serum NfL using the SIMOA technique. The majority of RSSIs showed cavitation at three months ( n = 61, 78%) with only minimal changes regarding cavitation status thereafter. The maximum axial lacunar diameter decreased from 8 mm at three to 7 mm at 15 months ( p < 0.05). RSSIs which cavitated had lower lesional ADC values and were associated with higher baseline NfL levels compared to those without cavitation, but did not differ regarding lesion size. In logistic regression analysis, only baseline NfL levels predicted cavitation ( p = 0.017). In this prospective study using predefined high-resolution MRI protocols, the majority of RSSIs evolved into lacunes during the first three months poststroke with not much change thereafter. Serum NfL seems to be a promising biomarker for more advanced subsequent tissue destruction in RSSIs.
Cognitive factors explain inter-cultural variations of abilities in rhythm perception: The case of the Roma minority
Authors: Dolean Dacian Dorin , Tincas Ioana
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to determine what role cognitive factors play in inter-cultural variations of rhythm perception and to assess whether the stereotype of enhanced musical abilities in the Roma minority is supported by empirical evidence. The rhythm perception of 487 Roma and non-Roma children was assessed comparatively, while controlling for cognitive skills. Contrary to popular belief, the rhythm perception of Roma children was lower than that of their non-Roma peers; however, this difference in performance was explained fully by cognitive variables. The results indicate that further comparative investigations of rhythm perception across cultures should account for cognitive factors, and that the reported enhanced musical ability of the Roma minority is a stereotype that is not supported by empirical evidence.
Autologous Osteochondral Mosaicplasty for Centrally and Laterally Located, Advanced Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Teenage Athletes: Clinical Outcomes, Radiography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Momma Daisuke , Matsui Yuki , Kamishima Tamotsu , Matsui Yuichiro , Kawamura Daisuke , Nagano Yusuke , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: May 2018

Background:

Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty (ie, mosaicplasty) results in satisfactory clinical outcomes and reliable return to play for patients with large or unstable lesions due to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum. However, the association between the healing of the reconstructed cartilage and clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of mosaicplasty in teenage athletes through use of clinical scores and imaging. The secondary purpose was to compare the clinical outcomes with images of centrally and laterally located lesions.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study analyzed 22 elbows (all male patients; mean age, 13.5 ± 1.2 years) with capitellar OCD managed with mosaicplasty. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the location of the lesions: central (10 patients) and lateral (12 patients). Evaluation was performed through use of the clinical rating system of Timmerman and Andrews, plain radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; the cartilage repair monitoring system of Roberts). The mean follow-up period was 27.5 months (range, 24-48 months).

Results:

Lateral lesions were significantly larger than central lesions (147.1 ± 51.9 mm2 vs 95.5 ± 27.4 mm2, P = .01). No other significant differences were found between central and lateral lesions. Timmerman and Andrews scores for both central and lateral lesions improved significantly from 125.0 ± 30.1 points and 138.3 ± 34.5 points preoperatively to 193.5 ± 11.3 points and 186.7 ± 18.1 points, respectively, at final follow-up ( P < .0001, P < .0001). Radiography identified complete graft incorporation in all cases and the absence of severe osteoarthritic changes or displaced osteochondral fragments. In the lateral group, the radial head ratio at final follow-up (1.83 ± 0.23) was significantly larger than the preoperative findings (1.75 ± 0.14, P = .049). The quality of joint surface reconstruction was found to be acceptable for central and lateral lesions on MRI evaluation.

Conclusion:

Mosaicplasty resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes and smooth cartilage surface integrity in teenage athletes with OCD on their return to competition-level sports activities irrespective of lesion location.
Associations between Depression and Health Behaviour Change: Findings from 8 Cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Clayborne Zahra M. , Colman Ian
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

The primary objective of this study was to examine associations between depression and several measures of health behaviour change across 8 cycles of a population-based, cross-sectional survey of Canadians. The secondary objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of the types of health behaviour changes undergone/sought and types of barriers to change reported, comparing those with and without depression.

Methods:

The sample comprised 65,801 respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey between 2007 and 2014. Past-year depression was assessed via structured interview (CIDI-SF). Measures of health behaviour change included recent changes made, desire to make changes, and barriers towards making changes. Analyses involved logistic regression, with estimates across cycles pooled using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Pooled prevalences of types of health behaviour changes undergone/sought and types of barriers to change experienced were reported, and associations with depression were examined.

Results:

Depression was associated with higher odds of reporting a recent health behaviour change (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 1.48), desire to make health behaviour changes (pooled OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.49 to 1.74), and barriers towards change (pooled OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.44 to 1.65). The most common change undergone and sought was increased exercise; the most common barrier reported was a lack of willpower.

Conclusions:

Individuals dealing with depression are more likely to report recent health behaviour changes and the desire to make changes but are also more likely to report barriers towards change.
Estimating Prison Stays Among Current Prison Populations
Authors: Luallen Jeremy , Gaes Gerald , Cutler Christopher
Published: May 2018

Background:

Reporting estimates of length of stay in prison populations is a common objective in corrections research. Researchers and prison administrators use these estimates for many different purposes. These include projecting future prison operational and capacity needs, describing levels of punitiveness among states, and explaining the drivers of prison growth or decline. Because of their critical importance to so many dimensions of corrections and criminal justice, researchers have compared the merits of various methods to estimate prison length of stay.

Objective:

This article revisits a survival-based approach for estimating length of stay originally described in Patterson and Preston and uses historical prison data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics National Corrections Reporting Program to compare this method to alternatives. It also describes and tests the merits of extending this method to parametric frameworks.

Method:

Using 20 years of data in nine states, we model estimates of (1) average length of stay for the 1995 prison admission cohort and (2) length of stay distributions for the 1995 prison stock and compare estimates to true values for these samples over a 20-year period. We compare results derived from adjusted and unadjusted stock-flow calculations, release cohorts, and nonparametric and parametric survival models.

Results:

We demonstrate that estimates of length of stay using survival-based estimators consistently perform much better than other estimators and that there are advantages to using parametric estimation techniques over nonparametric ones. Parametric-based estimates are less variable and more reliable on average.

Conclusion:

We conclude that in the future, stay length estimates should be estimated using survival models like the ones we describe and that data exist which provide the means to do so effectively.
Parastar insecticide induced changes in reproductive parameters and testicular oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar male rats
Authors: Nantia Edouard Akono , Kada Antoine S , Manfo Faustin PT , Tangu Nehemiah N , Mbifung Kaghou M , Mbouobda Desire H , Kenfack Augustave
Published: May 2018

Parastar is an insecticide formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid, and it is largely used for crop production improvement in Santa, North West Region of Cameroon. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of Parastar on reproductive parameters and testicular oxidative stress in adult albino Wistar male rats. Twenty rats (154 g ± 28 g) were divided into four groups of five animals each and treated daily with either distilled water (10 mL/kg), 1.25, 2.49 or 6.23 mg/kg of Parastar, respectively, for 35 days. After treatment, animal reproductive function was evaluated through fertility tests, sperm characteristics, testosterone levels and organ weights, while oxidative stress biomarkers were determined on testicular homogenates. Parastar administration resulted into increased seminal vesicle and prostate weights, while body weight remained unaffected. Parastar dose-dependently reduced sperm density and mobility, and the highest dose decreased serum testosterone levels. Parastar also modulated stress biomarkers with increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, decreased glutathione levels and inhibition of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. In conclusion, Parastar negatively affected male reproductive function through alteration of testosterone levels, sperm parameters and induction of oxidative stress in rats.
Acrylamide exerts its cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by apoptosis
Authors: Sahinturk Varol , Kacar Sedat , Vejselova Djanan , Kutlu Hatice Mehtap
Published: May 2018

Objective:

Acrylamide is a chemical utilized in various industries, and many studies have demonstrated its toxicity. The NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic cell line is the standard cell line of fibroblasts, which have a pivotal role with their versatile functions in the body. However, only two studies have attempted to investigate the effect of acrylamide on these crucial cells. To fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to determine the effects of acrylamide on NIH/3T3 cells.

Method:

First, we performed the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and calculated the IC50 dose of acrylamide. Then, we treated cells with the IC50 dose of acrylamide for 24 h and determined whether the dominant death mode of NIH/3T3 cells was apoptosis or necrosis by annexin V and caspase 3/7 assays. Finally, we performed confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis for observing the morphological alterations.

Results:

MTT assay results showed that acrylamide treatment reduced the viability of NIH/3T3 cells dose-dependently and that the IC50 of acrylamide was 6.73 mM. Based on annexin V and caspase 3/7 assays, the dominant death mode of NIH/3T3 cells was determined to be apoptosis. Also, caspase 3/7 activities of the acrylamide-treated NIH/3T3 cells were three times greater than those of the untreated NIH/3T3 cells. Furthermore, we observed membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin clumping, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in TEM analysis and apparent apoptotic bodies, nuclear fragmentations, and condensations in confocal microscopy.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, our results suggested that the IC50 of acrylamide against NIH/3T3 cells for 24 h was 6.73 mM and that acrylamide exerted its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on these cells mainly via apoptosis.
The Impact of Sleep Restriction on Daytime Functioning in School-Age Children With and Without ADHD: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Davidson Fiona , Rusak Benjamin , Chambers Christine , Corkum Penny
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize the existing literature on the impact of sleep on daytime functioning in both typically developing (TD) children and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Correlational studies in children suggest that insufficient sleep and impaired daytime functioning are significantly associated; however, this does not address the causal relationships between sleep and daytime functioning. The review results indicated that there is limited experimental sleep manipulation research in children. In the eight studies that employed experimental methods to examine sleep restriction, the consequences of insufficient sleep were greatest for attention and inconsistent for other domains, such as cognition and emotion regulation. Despite the significant co-occurrence of ADHD and sleep problems, the experimental sleep research focused on the daytime impact of shorter sleep in children with ADHD is extremely limited and as such more research is needed.
Structure–property relation of porous poly (l-lactic acid) scaffolds fabricated using organic solvent mixtures and controlled cooling rates and its bio-compatibility with human adipose stem cells
Authors: Chinnasami Harish , Gimble Jeff , Devireddy Ram V
Published: May 2018

Thermally induced phase separation method was used to make porous three-dimensional poly (l-lactic acid) scaffolds. The effect of imposed thermal profile during freezing of the poly (l-lactic acid) in dioxane solution on the scaffold was characterized by their micro-structure, porosity (%), pore sizes’ distribution, and mechanical strength. The porosity (%) decreased considerably with increasing concentrations of poly (l-lactic acid) in the solution, while a decreasing trend was observed with increasing cooling rates. The mechanical strength increases with increase in poly (l-lactic acid) concentration and also with increase in the cooling rate for both types of solvents. Therefore, mechanical strength was increased by higher cooling rates while the porosity (%) remained relatively consistent. Scaffolds made using higher concentrations of poly (l-lactic acid; 7% and 10% w/v) in solvent showed better mechanical strength which improved relatively with increasing cooling rates (1°C–40°C/min). This phenomenon of enhanced structural integrity with increasing cooling rates was more prominent in scaffolds made from higher initial poly (l-lactic acid) concentrations. Human adipose–derived stem cells were cultured on these scaffold (7% and 10% w/v) prepared by thermally induced phase separation at all cooling rates to measure the cell proliferation efficiency as a function of their micro-structural properties. Mean pore sizes played a crucial role in cell proliferation than percent porosity since all scaffolds were >88% porous. The viability percent of human adipose tissue–derived adult stem cells increased consistently with longer periods of culture. Thus, poly (l-lactic acid) scaffolds prepared by thermally controlled thermally induced phase separation method could be a prime candidate for making ex vivo tissue-engineered grafts for surgical implantation.
Preparation of recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold and its promoting effect on vascular cells biocompatibility
Authors: Yan Jia , Hu Kun , Xiao YongHao , Zhang Fan , Han Lu , Pan Shun , Li LuHai , Wei Yen , Cui FuZhai
Published: May 2018

A novel recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold has been prepared previously, which has high porosity, controllable pore size, and much better mechanical properties than the reported fibroin-based scaffold. In this research, the cell responses of vascular smooth muscle cells to this blend scaffold were examined in vitro. Cell morphology, adherence, and growth in scaffolds were observed by scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy after staining of the cells with propidium iodide at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. A wide range of measurements, including 3-[4,5–dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide assay, and total intracellular protein content at the end of 7 days culture, were conducted. An increase of viability and protein content of vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold was found. The laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results confirm that the cells readily adhered and proliferation in the blend than in fibroin scaffold, and indicate a better adhesion process. The positive effects were especially significant for vascular smooth muscle cells. The recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold could be a promising biomaterial for vascular tissue engineering.
Investigating the behavior of silicon-coated Kevlar fabric under low-velocity impact: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Abbaszadeh A , Yazdani M , Abbasi F , Rashed A
Published: May 2018

This study reports experimental and numerical behaviors of both dry and silicon-coated twill-weave Kevlar fabrics under low-velocity impact. Initially, the fabrics are augmented in silicon aqueous suspension with various particle concentrations, and then, increase in the weight and friction coefficient are studied. The low-velocity impact test results show that the best particle concentration to meet the mentioned requirements is about 10 wt%. The experiments indicate high-impact resistance of the target by increase in the number of fabric plies. It is found that silicon-coated fabrics under drop-weight test show more time duration of impact and better performance than dry fabrics. Furthermore, the tests show that in the dry fabrics, broader region stretches due to impact, while in silicon-coated fabrics, the damage is limited to the impact point. The numerical simulation is performed for the coated fabric, and the effect of fabric augmentation with silicon is introduced as yarn friction. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The Divine Relationship Ethics of Kierkegaard’s Love-Sleuth in Works of Love
Authors: Marcar G. P.
Published: May 2018

Despite traditionally being characterised as a melancholy thinker with a propensity to dwell on existential anxiety, sin and despair, scholarly interest in the place of love in Søren Kierkegaard’s ethical thought is currently gaining significant traction. In particular, Kierkegaard’s Works of Love (1847) has increasingly come under the academic spotlight as a text with potentially rich and previously underappreciated insights for Christian ethics. This article aims to contribute to this ongoing illumination, by highlighting the moral psychology and theological anthropology of Kierkegaard’s Christian lover in discourses II–V of Works of Love’s second series. In doing this, I aim to put forward an overarching ethical framework which can be seen to structure these moral deliberations.
A nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with an exponential reaching law for robot manipulators
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Su Yuxin , Wang Haihong
Published: May 2018

This paper presents an improved robust tracking control for uncertain robot manipulators. An approximate fast terminal sliding mode control is proposed by integrating a nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface with an exponential reaching law. Lyapunov stability theory is employed to prove the global approximate finite-time stability ensuring that the tracking errors converge to an arbitrary small ball centered at zero within a finite time and thereafter arrive at zero asymptotically. The benefits of this integrated design are that it can ensure faster transient and higher steady-state tracking precision with lower chattering. Simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performances of the proposed approach.
Estimation of body input force transmission change due to parts’ modification using the impedance method under rolling excitation
Authors: Kang Yeon June , Song David P , Ih Kang Duck
Published: May 2018

This study aims to estimate the change in suspension to body input force transmission due to the softening of the connecting elastomer under rolling excitation. In this respect, the suspension coupled to a vehicle body via an elastomer bushing is modeled using point impedance. A numerical study is performed for achievable force reduction due to a softened bush under the influence of different impedance combinations for the suspension and the vehicle body. Following a numerical study, the proposed model is validated through empirical testing of McPherson strut type suspension in the lateral arm Y direction and multilink type rear suspension in the front mount X direction, which represent extremely stiff and extremely soft coupling cases for the suspension type, respectively. Due to the difficulties in measuring road-induced operational forces within an actual vehicle, a validation test is performed using a previously developed rig that enables direct measurement of the force without modifying the structure of the suspension. Additionally, the rig-measured force, which is potentially misleading due to the large deviation in stiffness between the rig and an actual vehicle, is investigated under varying combinations of suspension and bush stiffness.
An adaptive sliding mode control to stabilize wheel slip and improve traction performance
Authors: Zirek Abdulkadir , Voltr Petr , Lata Michael , Novák Jaroslav
Published: May 2018

Advanced antislip control methods are available these days. However, due to increasing requirements with regard to demand and emerging technologies in the field of railways, further research on antislip control is required. Therefore, in this study, an antislip control algorithm, based on a sliding mode control, is proposed to stabilize the slip and improve the traction ability of a full-scale tram wheel test stand. To verify the validity of the control scheme, a numerical model of a tram wheel test stand has been generated using the MATLAB editor. The Freibauer and Polach contact theory has been employed to determine the coefficient of adhesion and adhesion force. Moreover, the derived algorithm was implemented on a full-scale tram wheel test stand. Experiments were carried out under several wheel–roller surface conditions. The results of the refined numerical model are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the tram wheel test stand. For both the experimental tests and the numerical model, the response of the proposed control algorithm is rather satisfactory with regard to the stabilization of the slip and improvement of the traction ability.
Adaptive anti-saturation fault-tolerant control of hypersonic vehicle with actuator faults
Authors: Sun Jing-guang , Song Shen-Min , Peng-Li  , Wu Guan-qun
Published: May 2018

In this paper, related researches and analyses are conducted for the tracking problem of the hypersonic vehicle subject to external disturbances, actuator faults, and input saturation. Firstly, to achieve automatic adjustment of control gains and deal with the impact of dynamic failures of system without requiring prior knowledge of the fault, a new modified fast nonsingular terminal sliding manifold is proposed, and a fast adaptive finite time fault-tolerant controller is provided combining the adaptive control method and terminal sliding mode. Then, a fast adaptive finite time anti-saturation fault-tolerant controller is presented to further solve the problem of input saturation, under which both of the velocity and altitude can track respective reference signal with the actuator input constraint. Finally, the closed-loop stability under the proposed two adaptive fault-tolerant control schemes is analyzed, and numerical simulations of longitudinal model of the hypersonic vehicle are demonstrated to further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Effect of turbulence models' choice on the aero-thermal flow numerical validations within a ribbed trailing edge geometry
Authors: Beniaiche A , Nadir M , Cerdoun M , Carcasci C , Facchini B
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the commercial ANSYS Fluent software was used to achieve a numerical survey of the effect of five (05) turbulence models’ formulation on the aero-thermal computational fluid dynamics validation of two 30:1 scaled models reproducing an original internal ribbed trailing edge prototype. Tests were conducted for stationary and rotation conditions, for Re = 10,000–40,000 and Ro = 0–0.23. Particle image velocimetry and thermochromic liquid crystal experimental data were employed to check the consistence computational fluid dynamics results qualitatively and quantitatively, aerodynamically and thermally, for various working conditions. Numerical predictions revealed that the choice of the turbulence model affects the accuracy of results. Concerning the shear stress transport k-w model, limiters defined in the eddy viscosity formulation induce a surplus estimation of the turbulence kinetic energy ( k) which leads to noticeable discrepancies in terms of velocity profiles and recirculation zones. Also, numerical calculations confirmed former experimental assumptions concerning origins of the aerodynamic structures and heat transfer's features, especially, those related to the increase of the cooling temperature balance efficiency, the appearance/disappearance of the horseshoe structures within the trailing edge region and velocities/boundary layers’ profile variations. The obtained results assist the understanding and the forecast of the flow field behavior, throughout the design process, by the assessment of the aerodynamic and thermal performances within the considered blade's cooling system.
Chronology and late-Holocene evolution of Caleta de los Loros, NE Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Sander Lasse , Pejrup Morten , Murray Andrew Sean , Perillo Gerardo ME , Raniolo Luís Ariél , Fruergaard Mikkel
Published: May 2018

Geomorphological and sedimentary records of Holocene coastal deposits may serve as archives for the local reconstruction of trends in coastal evolution and of the key forcing parameters controlling long-term change. We here present new observations on the sedimentology, chronology, and surface properties of a coupled beach ridge and coastal lagoon system located on the northern shore of San Matías Gulf, NE Patagonia, Argentina. The study is based on remotely sensed data, sediment cores, and a large number of samples dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The field site is located in a topographical depression within a cliffed shoreline composed of friable sand and gravel stones. The oldest preserved lagoonal deposits formed in the protected inner part of the system c. 2300 years ago. An up to 4-km-wide strandplain prograded rapidly between c. 1000 and 500 years in the more exposed western part of the system. Lagoonal deposition occurred primarily during the last 500 years. The chronology and spatial arrangement of landforms appear to result from a switch-over in sediment delivery probably caused by local implications of major shifts in climate regime. Even though we were not able to identify or benchmark the precise triggers of geomorphological change at Caleta de los Loros, our study presents an example of the potential importance of environmental changes on the rapid and non-linear development of coastal sedimentary systems.
Hydrological change and human activity during Yuan–Ming Dynasties in the Loulan area, northwestern China
Authors: Li Kangkang , Qin Xiaoguang , Zhang Lei , Gu Zhaoyan , Xu Bing , Jia Hongjuan , Mu Guijin , Lin Yongchong , Wei Dong , Wang Chunxue , Wu Yong , Tian Xiaohong , Lu Houyuan , Wu Naiqin , Jiao Yinxin
Published: May 2018

Human activity on arid lands has been related to oases evolution. The ancient Loulan, an important transportation hub of the ancient Silk Road, developed on an ancient oasis on the west bank of the lake Lop Nur in Xinjiang, China. Previous studies and historical documents suggest that the region has experienced dramatic natural environmental and human activity–related changes over time, transitioning from a particularly prosperous oasis to a depopulated zone with harsh environment after about 1500 a BP (before present, where present = AD 1950). Based on systematic radiocarbon (14C) dating for natural plant remains and archeological sites in the Loulan area, it was revealed that the region re-experienced oasis environment from 1260 to 1450 cal. AD, corresponding to the Yuan–Ming Dynasties, which is the climate transition stage from the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ to the ‘Little Ice Age’, encompassing a series of pulse-like flood events which cannot be identified from lacustrine deposition due to the limits of sampling resolution and dating. It was found that humans re-occupied the Loulan area and built canals to irrigate farmlands during the period. The more habitable hydrological conditions that resulted from these environmental changes present one major reason for the re-emergence of human activities in the Loulan area.
Interval estimation of a population mean using existing knowledge or data on effect sizes
Authors: Shen Changyu
Published: May 2018

Bayes or empirical Bayes methods to improve inferential accuracy for a population mean has been widely adopted in medical research. As the joint prior distribution of both the mean and variance parameters can be difficult to specify or estimate, most of these methods have relied on certain level of simplifications of the joint prior, which could lead to difficulty in the interpretation of the posterior distribution or compromised inferential accuracy. We propose a framework of interval estimation using existing knowledge or data on the effect size to address this difficulty. Our method has two unique characteristics. First, the interpretation of the interval bears the spirit of both Frequentist and Bayesian thinking. For this reason, it will be called FB interval. Second, we define a new quantity, the hybrid effect size, which is a key quantity that mediates the construction of the FB interval when the population variance is unknown. A simulation study and a real data example are presented to evaluate and illustrate our method.
Comparing the MAMS framework with the combination method in multi-arm adaptive trials with binary outcomes
Authors: Abery Julia E , Todd Susan
Published: May 2018

In multi-arm adaptive trials, several treatments are assessed simultaneously and accumulating data are used to inform decisions about the trial, such as whether treatments are dropped or continued. Different methodological approaches have been developed for such trials and research has compared the performance of different subsets of these. One particular approach, for which we use the acronym MAMS(R), has generally not been included in these comparisons because control of the family-wise error rate (FWER) could not be guaranteed. Recently, the MAMS(R) approach has been extended to facilitate the generation of efficient designs which strongly control the FWER. We consider multi-arm two-stage trials with binary outcomes and propose parameterising treatment effects using the log odds ratio. We conduct a simulation study comparing the extended MAMS(R) framework with the well-established combination method both for trials where a different outcome is used for mid-trial analysis and for trials where the same outcome is used throughout. We show how the MAMS(R) framework compares favourably only in scenarios where the same outcome is used. We propose a hybrid selection rule within MAMS(R) methodology and demonstrate that this makes it possible to use the MAMS(R) framework in trials incorporating comparative treatment selection.
Cancer nurses’ perceptions of ethical climate in Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Constantina Cloconi , Papastavrou Evridiki , Charalambous Andreas
Published: May 2018

Background:

In recent years, the interest in ethical climate has increased in the literature. However, there is limited understanding of the phenomenon within the cancer care context as well as between countries.

Aim:

To evaluate cancer nurses’ perceptions of hospital ethical climate in Greece and Cyprus.

Research design:

This was a quantitative descriptive–correlational comparative study with cancer nurses. Data were collected with the Greek version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey questionnaire in addition to demographic data.

Participants and research context:

In total, n = 235 cancer nurses working in cancer care settings in Greece and Cyprus were recruited at two national oncology nursing conferences.

Ethical considerations:

The study conforms to the principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and the relevant ethical approvals were obtained according to national law.

Results:

The results showed that in terms of the “Managers” dimension, participants working in Greek hospitals (4.30 ± 0.73) had a higher score compared to the Cyprus participants (3.66 ± 0.93) (t = −5.777, p ≤ 0.001). The perceptions of nurses working in oncology units in Greece regarding the ethical climate were more positive compared to Cyprus (M = 3.67 for Greece and M = 3.53 for Cyprus, p ≤ 0.001). Nurses with a higher level of education had a lower average ethical climate score across all dimensions. All dimensions exhibit positive and moderate to high correlations between them (r = 0.414–0.728, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

It is imperative to evaluate and improve the hospital ethical climate that prevails in each cancer care department. This highlights the fact that nurses working in seemingly similar cultural and organizational contexts might still have different perceptions of the ethical climate. Despite these differences, it is necessary to create the right conditions to address ethical issues. A positive ethical climate requires good relationships between healthcare professionals and the presence of good teamwork in order to ensure better healthcare provision.
Call and response: Musical and bodily interactions in jazz improvisation duos
Authors: Wöllner Clemens
Published: May 2018

When individuals coordinate their behaviour, they need to both anticipate actions and respond to each other in meaningful ways. Jazz musicians often encounter situations in jam sessions in which they interact with previously unknown musicians, allowing insights into spontaneous collaboration. The current study investigated call and response patterns in free jazz improvisations by analysing movement and musical characteristics of duos. Twelve jazz musicians were paired into six duos of an e-guitar and a saxophone. Balanced across duos, one musician was asked to play a series of improvisations expressing the emotions happy, sad or neutral. The second musician responded to each improvisation without knowing the emotional intention of the first musician. Call and response roles were then exchanged. While musicians improvised or listened to their duo partner, they were both recorded with an optical motion capture system. Results indicate correspondences between call and response musicians in movement variability and cumulative distance of head motion. There were marked differences between happy and sad emotional expressions both in movement parameters and musical features including mean intensity, mode, and, albeit to a lesser extent, tempo. Retrospective verbal decoding of the call musicians’ emotional intentions was correct in 76.5% of all cases. Independently of explicit decoding success and even for the first encounters, musicians spontaneously tuned into each other’s performances by means of their body movements and the musical characteristics of the improvisations.
Family Systems Training for Medical Students
Authors: Thabrew Hiran
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate whether a workshop on family systems delivered to medical students could improve participants’ understanding of families from a systemic point of view and help them recognise and address systemic issues that may be affecting their patients.

Method:

Fifth year (senior) medical students ( n = 36) from the University of Auckland participated in a 90-min workshop about family systems. Pre- and post-workshop, self-reported measures of knowledge and confidence were completed and qualitative feedback was also obtained from participants.

Results:

The workshop was well received and its interactive and role-play based nature were particularly appreciated. Participants reported gains in all explored areas of knowledge and understanding, suggesting that the workshop met its desired aims.

Conclusions:

This workshop is an educationally effective and expedient way to equip medical students with some knowledge and understanding about family systems. It may benefit their future work with individual patients and families.