bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Features of Apicomplexan Pore-Forming Proteins and Their Roles in Parasite Cell Traversal and Egress
Authors: Guerra Alfredo , Carruthers Vern
Published: August 2017

Apicomplexan parasites cause diseases, including malaria and toxoplasmosis, in a range of hosts, including humans. These intracellular parasites utilize pore-forming proteins that disrupt host cell membranes to either traverse host cells while migrating through tissues or egress from the parasite-containing vacuole after replication. This review highlights recent insight gained from the newly available three-dimensional structures of several known or putative apicomplexan pore-forming proteins that contribute to cell traversal or egress. These new structural advances suggest that parasite pore-forming proteins use distinct mechanisms to disrupt host cell membranes at multiple steps in parasite life cycles. How proteolytic processing, secretion, environment, and the accessibility of lipid receptors regulate the membranolytic activities of such proteins is also discussed.
In vitro asymbiotic germination for micropropagation of the recalcitrant terrestrial orchid Chloraea crispa (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Quiroz Karla , Saavedra Jessica , Vogel Hermine , Verdugo Gabriela , Caligari Peter D. S. , García‐Gonzáles Rolando
Published: August 2017

Premise of the study:

Chloraea crispa is a terrestrial Orchidaceae species native to Chile, characterized by a beautiful and showy inflorescence. The species has a great potential for commercial exploitation in the cut flower industry, but it is essential to improve propagation methods to avoid endangering its natural populations. Because this species is hard to propagate using traditional greenhouse techniques, in vitro techniques offer an effective tool for its large‐scale production in terms of germination, growth, and propagation.

Methods:

The current study evaluated the effect of the culture medium on the asymbiotic germination of C. crispa seeds, as well as the effects of the plant growth regulators 6‐benzylaminopurine and indole‐3‐butyric acid. Different light regimes were also studied.

Results:

A significant effect was observed for the interaction between culture media and light regime on the morphogenic response of the seeds. The highest rate of embryonic germination was obtained in Van Waes medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 of 6‐benzylaminopurine.

Discussion:

For the first time, asymbiotic culture of this species using biotechnology tools has been developed. Plantlets developed very well under in vitro conditions, allowing the possibility to propagate and store genetic material for conservation and domestication purposes.
Pd(OAc)2/Ph3P-catalyzed dimerization of isoprene and synthesis of monoterpenic heterocycles
Authors: Kellner Dominik , Weger Maximilian , Gini Andrea , Mancheño Olga García
Published: August 2017

The palladium-catalyzed dimerization of isoprene is a practical approach of synthesizing monoterpenes. Though several highly selective methods have been reported, most of them still required pressure or costly ligands for attaining the active system and desired selectivity. Herein, we present a simple and economical procedure towards the tail-to-tail dimer using readily available Pd(OAc)2and inexpensive triphenylphosphine as ligand. Furthermore, simple screw cap vials are employed, allowing carrying out the reaction at low pressure. In addition, the potential of the dimer as a chemical platform for the preparation of heterocyclic terpenes by subsequent (hetero)-Diels–Alder or [4 + 1]-cycloadditions with nitrenes is also depicted.
Ice Caps and Ice Belts: The Effects of Obliquity on Ice−Albedo Feedback
Authors: Rose Brian E. J. , Cronin Timothy W. , Bitz Cecilia M.
Published: August 2017

Planetary obliquity determines the meridional distribution of the annual mean insolation. For obliquity exceeding 55°, the weakest insolation occurs at the equator. Stable partial snow and ice cover on such a planet would be in the form of a belt about the equator rather than polar caps. An analytical model of planetary climate is used to investigate the stability of ice caps and ice belts over the widest possible range of parameters. The model is a non-dimensional diffusive Energy Balance Model, representing insolation, heat transport, and ice−albedo feedback on a spherical planet. A complete analytical solution for any obliquity is given and validated against numerical solutions of a seasonal model in the “deep-water” regime of weak seasonal ice line migration. Multiple equilibria and unstable transitions between climate states (ice-free, Snowball, or ice cap/belt) are found over wide swaths of parameter space, including a “Large Ice-Belt Instability” and “Small Ice-Belt Instability” at high obliquity. The Snowball catastrophe is avoided at weak radiative forcing in two different scenarios: weak albedo feedback and inefficient heat transport (favoring stable partial ice cover), or efficient transport at high obliquity (favoring ice-free conditions). From speculative assumptions about distributions of planetary parameters, three-fourths to four-fifths of all planets with stable partial ice cover should be in the form of Earth-like polar caps.
Giving and Receiving Feedback: Part I
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: August 2017

Feedback is one of the most difficult interactions educators/leaders have with learners and staff. Giving feedback effectively with the least amount of defensiveness from the recipient is challenging and is addressed in Part I of this article. Receiving constructive feedback will be addressed in Part II.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2017;48(9):395–396.
Teaching and Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in a Hospital Unit With Secondary Vocational Trained Nurses: Lessons Learned
Authors: Friesen-Storms Jolanda H.H.M. , Beurskens Anna J.H.M. , Bours Gerrie J.J.W.
Published: August 2017

Evidence-based practice (EBP) was systematically implemented using the implementation model by Grol et al. Barriers and facilitators for change were diagnostically analyzed. Implementation strategies were directed at the barriers. The two main implementation interventions were (a) a tailored interactive outreach training course about EBP and (b) a patient case discussion based on EBP principles. The authors learned that it is important to simplify the five EBP steps to suit the level of education of the nurses by formulating PICO questions around major patient care topics such as pain, and having a search strategy focusing on (Dutch) clinical practice guidelines and other summarized evidence, such as systematic reviews and critically appraised topics. The authors advised the hospital management to appoint nurse practitioners or other nurses with a master's degree to help the nurses on the ward with the EBP process steps, especially regarding efficiently searching the research literature and critically appraising the evidence.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(9):407–412.
Effectiveness of Nursing Education to Prevent Inpatient Suicide
Authors: Manister Nancy N. , Murray Stephanie , Burke John Martin , Finegan Madeline , McKiernan Mary E.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Inpatient suicide is recognized by The Joint Commission as a preventable sentinel event associated with inadequate patient and environmental assessments. Strategies are needed to meet this Joint Commission requirement.

Method:

Community hospital nurses were provided with classes to increase knowledge of inpatient suicide, patient assessments, and appropriate care. Independent pre- and postclass assessments were performed to measure nurses' confidence when talking to patients about suicidal thoughts and to assess nursing knowledge of actions to take when an at-risk patient is identified.

Results:

Education significantly increased nurses' confidence talking to patients about three of four confidence measures and increased their knowledge of actions to take when suicidal thoughts are identified. Confidence was lower in nurses with more experience; therefore, experience does not appear to increase confidence, and education is needed.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that a focused in-service education program can increase nurses' confidence to dialogue with patients about suicidal thoughts and nurses' knowledge of actions to prevent inpatient suicide.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(9):413–419.
Impact of a Strabismus Surgery Suture Course for First- and Second-Year Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Vagge Aldo , Gunton Kammi , Schnall Bruce
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To investigate the effectiveness of an eye muscle surgery course on first- and second-year postgraduate ophthalmology residents.

Methods:

This prospective cohort pilot study invited first- and second-year ophthalmology residents to participate in a 2-hour strabismus surgery course at Wills Eye Hospital. The course consisted of a didactic session followed by a wet laboratory session. The wet laboratory session simulated strabismus surgery using a model constructed of chicken breast followed by partial-thickness scleral suture passes in pig eyes. A structured self-assessment evaluation form and a questionnaire in the validated Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric approved by the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO-OSCAR:strabismus) were used to assess the effectiveness of the course.

Results:

A total of 12 residents, 8 (67%) first-year and 4 (33%) second-year, were enrolled for this survey. Following the course, most residents felt less anxious (73%). All residents responded that the course was helpful or somewhat helpful in preparation for strabismus surgery. Regarding the distribution of ratings on questions of subjective experience, knowledge of steps, and understanding of potential complications, the residents gave significantly higher ratings after the course (
P
< .029). The change in the modified ICO-OSCAR:strabismus assessment's mean score was statistically significant before and after training (
P
= .038).

Conclusions:

A strabismus course can play an important role in preparing residents for strabismus surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(6):339–345.]
The Role of Pleasure Neurobiology and Dopamine in Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Worley Julie
Published: August 2017

Recent evidence and research has demonstrated that the pleasure response and associated neurotransmitters and brain circuits play a significant role in substance use disorders (SUDs). It was thought that negative behaviors associated with SUDs resulted from negative choices, but it is now known that chemical changes in the brain drive those behaviors. Several mental health disorders (e.g., eating disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, compulsive sex behaviors, internet gaming, gambling) are also thought to involve those same pleasure responses, neurotransmitters, and brain regions. Studies have shown that the use of naltrexone, a dopamine antagonist, can reduce symptoms of these disorders. It is important for nurses to understand the underlying physiology of mental health disorders that are thought to have an addictive or craving component. This understanding can help reduce stigma. Educating patients about likely neurobiological causes for their disorders can also help reduce guilt and shame. Nurses should educate patients about these disorders and evidence-based treatments, including off-label use of naltrexone. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(9), 17–21.]
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Diabetes Distress Scale
Authors: Darawad Muhammad W. , Hammad Sawsan , Samarkandi Osama A. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , Khalil Amani A.
Published: August 2017

The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-A) among Arab patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants' DDS-A total scores significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (
r
= 0.288,
p
= 0.000) as well as two subscales, emotional burden (
r
= 0.276,
p
= 0.000) and regimen distress (
r
= 0.265,
p
= 0.000). Participants' DDS-A scores had significant negative correlations with income, DM self-management, and knowledge (
r
= −0.184,
p
= 0.008;
r
= −0.310,
p
= 0.000;
r
= −0.174,
p
= 0.003, respectively) and a positive correlation with HbA1c level (
r
= 0.153,
p
= 0.018). Factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution that retained all items and explained a variance of 65.59%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.822 for the total scale and 0.778 to 0.881 for the subscales, indicating a high internal consistency. The DDS-A was found to be a psychometrically sound measure to evaluate DM-related distress among Arab patients. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(9), 43–51.]
La obra del maestro de cantería Juan Álvarez (1544-1613) y el arte funerario en la ciudad de Plasencia
Authors: Méndez Hernán Vicente
Published: August 2017

El acuerdo inédito que toman en 1607 las clarisas placentinas de aceptar el patronazgo de don Rodrigo Calderón y su esposa doña Inés de Vargas y corresponderles con la ejecución de sus entierros y esculturas orantes para los que Juan Álvarez tenía ya dadas las trazas, ha permitido al autor poner en relación con este maestro los entierros que se hicieron en Plasencia entre 1596 y 1610/15.
El escultor Francisco Elías Vallejo (1782-1858). Estado de la cuestión y nuevas aportaciones
Authors: Ferreira Fernández Myriam
Published: August 2017

Francisco Elías Vallejo fue un destacado escultor español de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Formado en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, desarrolló una larga carrera como Escultor de Cámara del rey y como profesor de la Real Academia, donde fue Director de Escultura y Director General en dos ocasiones. En este artículo se trata de recoger la información sobre él publicada hasta el momento y completarla con datos extraídos de archivos y prensa de la época. Con ello, se busca completar las lagunas existentes en su biografía, como su formación antes de su llegada a Madrid. Además, se ordena y sintetiza la información sobre su actividad artística, recogiendo un listado lo más completo posible de sus obras y la información existente sobre ellas, que pueda servir de base para posteriores estudios.
Contribución al estudio de la salida delictiva de obras de arte al extranjero durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Colorado Castellary Arturo
Published: August 2017

El tráfico ilegal de obras de arte al extranjero durante la Guerra Civil española no ha sido todavía objeto de investigaciones sistemáticas, debido en gran parte a su evidente dificultad investigadora por la escasa, dispersa y en parte poco fiable documentación de archivo. El propósito de este artículo es aportar una nueva documentación en gran parte inédita que ayude al estudio de esta difícil cuestión, basándose principalmente en fuentes primarias. La primera tarea radica en diferenciar claramente entre la evacuación oficial para hacer escapar las obras del peligro de la guerra y la
salida delictiva de obras de arte, a pesar de que para el franquismo todo era producto del “robo de los rojos”; la segunda, establecer cuáles fueron los principales actuantes en este tráfico ilegal y sus medios y procedimientos. Y, finalmente, analizar las actuaciones de ambos gobiernos para combatir la salida ilegal de obras de arte al extranjero.
Frontal y laterales de altar de san Cristóbal de Toses. Confirmación del conjunto gótico mediante el estudio del soporte
Authors: Bautista Morenilla Iris , Nualart Torroja Anna
Published: August 2017

A partir de datos inéditos obtenidos del estudio del sistema constructivo del soporte de madera se confirma que el frontal de san Cristóbal y los laterales de altar de Toses, actualmente expuestos separadamente y custodiados por el Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya (MNAC), forman un conjunto que originalmente guarnecía el altar principal de la iglesia de San Cristóbal de Toses (Ripollés, Cataluña). Estas obras, a pesar de su misma procedencia, han generado históricamente disparidad de opiniones acerca de la posibilidad de haber formado un único conjunto en origen, debido a la diferencia evidente de la calidad de la iconografía representada. Se trata de un hallazgo especialmente relevante dado que es el primer y único conjunto de frontal y laterales de altar del gótico lineal catalán conservado en la actualidad.
A Case Study Examining the Efficacy of Drainage Setbacks for Limiting Effects to Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA
Authors: Tangen Brian A. , Finocchiaro Raymond G.
Published: August 2017

The enhancement of agricultural lands through the use of artificial drainage systems is a common practice throughout the United States, and recently the use of this practice has expanded in the Prairie Pothole Region. Many wetlands are afforded protection from the direct effects of drainage through regulation or legal agreements, and drainage setback distances typically are used to provide a buffer between wetlands and drainage systems. A field study was initiated to assess the potential for subsurface drainage to affect wetland surface-water characteristics through a reduction in precipitation runoff, and to examine the efficacy of current U.S. Department of Agriculture drainage setback distances for limiting these effects. Surface-water levels, along with primary components of the catchment water balance, were monitored over 3 y at four seasonal wetland catchments situated in a high-relief terrain (7–11% slopes). During the second year of the study, subsurface drainage systems were installed in two of the catchments using drainage setbacks, and the drainage discharge volumes were monitored. A catchment water-balance model was used to assess the potential effect of subsurface drainage on wetland hydrology and to assess the efficacy of drainage setbacks for mitigating these effects. Results suggest that overland precipitation runoff can be an important component of the seasonal water balance of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands, accounting on average for 34% (19–49%) or 45% (39–49%) of the annual (includes snowmelt runoff) or seasonal (does not include snowmelt) input volumes, respectively. Seasonal (2014–2015) discharge volumes from the localized drainage systems averaged 81 m3 (31–199 m3), and were small when compared with average combined inputs of 3,745 m3 (1,214–6,993 m3) from snowmelt runoff, direct precipitation, and precipitation runoff. Model simulations of reduced precipitation runoff volumes as a result of subsurface drainage systems showed that ponded wetland surface areas were reduced by an average of 590 m2 (141–1,787 m2), or 24% (3–46%), when no setbacks were used (drainage systems located directly adjacent to wetland). Likewise, wetland surface areas were reduced by an average of 141 m2 (23–464 m2), or 7% (1–28%), when drainage setbacks (buffer) were used. In totality, the field data and model simulations suggest that the drainage setbacks should reduce, but not eliminate, impacts to the water balance of the four wetlands monitored in this study that were located in a high-relief terrain. However, further study is required to assess the validity of these conclusions outside of the limited parameters (e.g., terrain, weather, soils) of this study and to examine potential ecological effects of altered wetland hydrology.
Technological Progress in Manufacturing Electrospun Nanofibers for Medical Applications
Authors: Manea Liliana Rozemarie , Popa Alexandru , Bertea Anisoara
Published: August 2017

The very adaptable performance of electrospun nanofibers is the result of the choice of the natural or synthetic polymer/polymer blend, work environmentand process parameters, which allows the appropriate control of morphology and properties of the products. To offer an ample update on progress in the field, this review provides an overview of the modification or functionalization of nanofibers for biomedical applications, intended to engineer precise features that will enhance their end use performance. Diverse concepts, such as single electrospinning, co-electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning or miniemulsion electrospinning, and technological factors that can influence the capability to incorporate biological agents with diverse features and to modify the release conduct are studied. The many bioactive molecules that can be integrated into nanofibers via diverse approaches are revised, including bactericide agents, various drugs, proteins and enzymes.Future trends of nanofiber functionalization in order to improve their performance and function in biomedical applications are presented.
Associated Titanium Mesh and Native Bone Cranioplasty in Posttraumatic Reconstruction of Frontal Skull Defects
Authors: Săceleanu Vincentiu , Tâlvan Elena Teodora , Făgeţan Mihai Iulian , Mohor Calin , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: August 2017

Cranioplasty of frontal skull defects are used for cosmetic reasons, helping correct disfigurement, but also play a critical role in protecting intracranial content from exposure and compression. Modern surgical management is based on principles of craniofacial surgery such as early one-stage repair- if possible, exposure of all fracture fragments by well-sited cosmetic incisions, precise internal fixation and definitive soft tissue management. The choice of surgical approach depends on fracture severity, complexity, patient comorbidities, and surgeon preference and experience. In large skull defects, titanium mesh reconstruction offers good alternative to other biomaterials by eliminating the time consuming task of contour moulding. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive review of aesthetic and functional outcomes, involving titanium mesh implants associated with native bone reconstruction of frontal area posttraumatic defects. Also, the article is related to the authors own experience, in treating several patients with posttraumatic deformity of the frontal bone, assessing forehead contour aesthetics, pain, nerve function and late cerebral complications. A retrospective study was conducted using records from 14 adult patients, between 21-74 years of age, who underwent reconstruction of depressed frontal bone fractures, by receiving titanium mesh implants, between February 2013- October 2015. All patients had a minimum follow up of 5 months by clinical examination and periodic CT-scans. In order to evaluate the experimental results we follow different clinical parameters than late complications, like facial nerve function, cosmetic outcome, and pain. According our clinical results, titanium mesh is an effective method of forehead reconstruction, which provides predictably good long term results.
Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity
Authors: Nakayama Yumi , Kosek Jolanta , Capone Lori , Hur Eun Mi , Schafer Peter H. , Ringheim Garth E.
Published: August 2017

BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27+ memory and memory-like CD27−IgD− double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27−IgD+ naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27+ memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
A model of collaboration for the implementation of problem-based learning in nursing education in South Africa
Authors: Rakhudu Mahlasela A. , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu , Useh Ushonatefe
Published: August 2017

Background: The idea of collaboration between key stakeholders in nursing education for the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL) may have far-reaching implications for the institutions and students.Main objective: To develop a model of collaboration to facilitate the implementation of PBL in nursing education.Methodology: An exploratory sequential design was used. Qualitative data were collected from purposively recruited nurse educators from three universities in South Africa offering PBL and nurse managers from all the three hospitals in North West Province where PBL students are placed for clinical learning. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from respondents who were conveniently recruited. Model development, concept analysis, construction of relationships, description and evaluation were followed.Results: This model has six elements: higher education and nursing education (context), institutions initiating PBL, clinical services, colleges affiliated to PBL universities, students and healthcare users (recipients), champions in PBL (agents), effective implementation of PBL (terminus), collaboration (process) and commitment, communication, trust and respect (dynamics).Conclusion: Collaboration in implementing PBL can be a functional reality in the delivery of quality educational experiences and has far-reaching implications for the institutions and students. The implementation of the model in South African nursing education institutions may be necessary for the light of the revision of the preregistration qualifications.Recommendations: Managerial commitment, training of collaborators on PBL and collaboration skills, memorandum of agreement, monitoring and evaluation are critical. More research is required to pilot the model and evaluate collaboration in implementing PBL at different levels of operations.
Graduate employability capacities, self-esteem and career adaptability among South African young adults
Authors: Ismail Sadika
Published: August 2017

Orientation: Employers expect young graduates to have a well-rounded sense of self, to display a range of graduate employability capacities and to adapt to constant changes they are faced with in order to obtain and maintain employment.Research purpose: The goals of this study are (1) to investigate whether a significant relationship exists between graduate employability capacities, self-esteem and career adaptability, (2) to ascertain if a set of graduate employability capacities, when combined with self-esteem, has a significant relationship with a set of career adaptability capacities and (3) to identify the major variables that contribute to this relationship.Motivation for the study: The potential for career adaptability, graduate employability capacities and self-esteem of young adults promotes employability among graduates, thereby addressing and possibly reducing youth unemployment in South Africa.Research approach, design and method: A quantitative, cross-sectional research design approach was utilised in which descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations and canonical correlation analysis were employed to accomplish the objectives of this study. Respondents (N = 332) were enrolled at further education and training (FET) colleges and were predominantly black (98.5%) and female (62%) students between the ages of 18 and 29.Main findings: The results displayed positive multivariate relationships between the variables and furthermore showed that graduate employability capacities contributed the most in terms of clarifying the respondents’ career adaptability as compared to their self-esteem.Practical and managerial implications: This study proposes that young adults’ career adaptability can be enhanced through the development of their self-esteem and particularly their graduate employability capacities, thus making them more employable.Contributions: Theoretically, this study proves useful because of the significant interactions found between graduate employability capacities, self-esteem and career adaptability. Empirical evidence is provided that confirms the need to enhance graduate employability and self-esteem capacities in order to improve the career adaptability of young adults. This will then assist them in dealing with the instability of the 21st-century world of work. Practically, the findings imply that young adults differ with regard to their career adaptability and that graduate employability capacities and self-esteem influence their career adaptability. Therefore, in focusing on the enhancement of young adults’ graduate employability capacities and self-esteem, an industrial psychologist and career counsellor can enhance young adults’ career adaptability, thus making them employable and adaptable to the changes in the 21st-century world of work.
Leprosy Associated with Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Nicaragua and Honduras
Authors: Soto Lucrecia Acosta , Caballero Nelson , Fuentes Lesny Ruth , Muñoz Pedro Torres , Gómez Echevarría Jose Ramón , López Montserrat Pérez , Bornay Llinares Fernando Jorge , Stanford John L. , Stanford Cynthia A. , Donoghue Helen D.
Published: August 2017

In Central America, few cases of leprosy have been reported, but the disease may be unrecognized. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and histology. Preliminary field work in Nicaragua and Honduras found patients, including many children, with skin lesions clinically suggestive of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis or indeterminate leprosy. Histology could not distinguish these diseases although acid-fast organisms were visible in a few biopsies. Lesions healed after standard antimicrobial therapy for leprosy. In the present study, patients, family members, and other community members were skin-tested and provided nasal swabs and blood samples. Biopsies were taken from a subgroup of patients with clinical signs of infection. Two laboratories analyzed samples, using local in-house techniques. Mycobacterium leprae, Leishmania spp. and Leishmania infantum were detected using polymerase chain reactions. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected in blood samples and nasal swabs, including some cases where leprosy was not clinically suspected. Leishmania spp. were also detected in blood and nasal swabs. Most biopsies contained Leishmania DNA and coinfection of Leishmania spp. with M. leprae occurred in 33% of cases. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was also detected and sequenced from Nicaraguan and Honduran environmental samples. In conclusion, leprosy and leishmaniasis are present in both regions, and leprosy appears to be widespread. The nature of any relationship between these two pathogens and the epidemiology of these infections need to be elucidated.
Country-Wide Surveillance of Molecular Markers of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Senegal by Use of Positive Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Ndiaye Magatte , Sow Doudou , Nag Sidsel , Sylla Khadime , Tine Roger Clement , Ndiaye Jean Louis , Lo Aminata Collé , Gaye Oumar , Faye Babacar , Alifrangis Michael
Published: August 2017

In Senegal, antimalarial drugs used in treatment and prevention of malaria are one of the main reasons for the current success in controlling malaria. However, the successful control of malaria is highly dependent on continued effectiveness of these drugs which may be compromised by the spread of drug resistance. Therefore, surveillance of drug resistance in the malaria parasites is essential. The objective of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of routinely sampled malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) at a national scale to assess the temporal changes in the molecular profiles of antimalarial drug resistance markers of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Overall, 9,549 positive malaria RDTs were collected from 14 health facilities across the country. A limited random set of RDTs were analyzed regarding Pfcrt gene polymorphisms at codon 72–76. Overall, a high but varied prevalence (> 50%) of the wild-type CVMNK haplotype was observed including a higher CVMNK prevalence in the northern part (75%) compared with the southern part of the country (59%). With caution, the study provides a proof of concept that reuse of discarded P. falciparum positive RDTs can be applied in large-scale surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance.
Evaluation of novel SNPs and haplotypes within the ATBF1 gene and their effects on economically important production traits in cattle
Authors: Xu Han , Zhang Sihuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Dang Ruihua , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong , Lan Xianyong
Published: August 2017

Abstract. AT motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) gene can promote the expression level of the growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene by binding to the enhancers of the POU1F1 and PROP1 genes; thus, it affects the growth and development of livestock. Considering that the ATBF1 gene also has a close relationship with the Janus kinase–signal transductor and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway, the objective of this work was to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations and their association with growth traits in native Chinese cattle breeds. Five novel SNPs within the ATBF1 gene were found in 644 Qinchuan and Jinnan cattle for first time using 25 pairs of screening and genotyping primers. The five novel SNPs were named as AC_000175:g.140344C>G (SNP1), g.146573T>C (SNP2), g.205468C>T (SNP3), g.205575A>G (SNP4) and g.297690C<T (SNP5). Among them, SNP1 and SNP2 were synonymous coding SNPs, while SNP5 was a missense coding SNP, and the other SNPs were intronic. Haplotype analysis found 18 haplotypes in the two breeds, and three and five closely linked loci were revealed in Qinchuan and Jinnan breeds, respectively. Association analysis revealed that SNP1 was significantly associated with the height across the hip in Qinchuan cattle. SNP2 was found to be significantly related to chest circumference and body side length traits in Jinnan cattle. SNP3 was found to have significant associations with four growth traits in Qinchuan cattle. Moreover, the different combined genotypes, SNP1–SNP3, SNP1–SNP4 and SNP2–SNP5 were significantly associated with the growth traits in cattle. These findings indicated that the bovine ATBF1 gene had marked effects on growth traits, and the growth-trait-related loci can be used as DNA markers for maker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs in cattle.
Temporal evolution of main ambient PM2. 5 sources in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2012
Authors: Barraza Francisco , Lambert Fabrice , Jorquera Héctor , Villalobos Ana María , Gallardo Laura
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The inhabitants of Santiago, Chile have been exposed to harmful levels of air pollutants for decades. The city's poor air quality is a result of steady economic growth, and stable atmospheric conditions adverse to mixing and ventilation that favor the formation of oxidants and secondary aerosols. Identifying and quantifying the sources that contribute to the ambient levels of pollutants is key for designing adequate mitigation measures. Estimating the evolution of source contributions to ambient pollution levels is also paramount to evaluating the effectiveness of pollution reduction measures that have been implemented in recent decades. Here, we quantify the main sources that have contributed to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) between April 1998 and August 2012 in downtown Santiago by using two different source-receptor models (PMF 5.0 and UNMIX 6.0) that were applied to elemental measurements of 1243 24 h filter samples of ambient PM2.5. PMF resolved six sources that contributed to ambient PM2. 5, with UNMIX producing similar results: motor vehicles (37.3 ± 1.1 %), industrial sources (18.5 ± 1.3 %), copper smelters (14.4 ± 0.8 %), wood burning (12.3 ± 1.0 %), coastal sources (9.5 ± 0.7 %) and urban dust (3.0 ± 1.2 %). Our results show that over the 15 years analyzed here, four of the resolved sources significantly decreased [95 % confidence interval]: motor vehicles 21.3 % [2.6, 36.5], industrial sources 39.3 % [28.6, 48.4], copper smelters 81.5 % [75.5, 85.9], and coastal sources 58.9 % [38.5, 72.5], while wood burning did not significantly change and urban dust increased by 72 % [48.9, 99.9]. These changes are consistent with emission reduction measures, such as improved vehicle emission standards, cleaner smelting technology, introduction of low-sulfur diesel for vehicles and natural gas for industrial processes, public transport improvements, etc. However, it is also apparent that the mitigation expected from the above regulations has been partially offset by the increasing amount of private vehicle use in the city, with motor vehicles becoming the dominant source of ambient PM2. 5 in recent years. Consequently, Santiago still experiences ambient PM2. 5 levels above the annual and 24 h Chilean and World Health Organization standards, and further regulations are required to reach ambient air quality standards.
Identification of atmospheric transport and dispersion of Asian dust storms
Authors: Ha Raegyung , Baatar Amarjargal , Yu Yongjae
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Backward trajectories of individual Asian dust storm (ADS) events were calculated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) at four representative stations in Korea. A total of 743 ADS events and associated 2229 (endings of altitudes at 1000, 1500, and 2000 m per ADS event) backward trajectories from four stations were traced from January 2003 to August 2015. Regardless of the locations of the observed stations and the threshold time divide, a recent increase in the ADS occurrence rate was statistically significant with a 99.9 % confidence limit. Winter and spring were high-occurrence seasons for the ADS, while it rarely occurred in summer. Angular distributions of dust transport indicated a dominance of northwesterly wind, as more than two-thirds of ADS events are azimuthally confined from 290 to 340°. In addition, there is a tendency for stronger PM10 dust air concentration to be from the northwest. We found a strong inverse correlation between the number of days with ADS events and cumulative PM10 dust air concentration, indicating that the total amount of cumulative PM10 discharge was rather constant over time. If so, relatively shorter transport distances and a more continental dust passage over the Shandong peninsular would yield less PM10 in a shorter transport path but with a stronger concentration.
VERIFICAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DAS ESTACAS INJETADAS AUTOPERFURANTES EXECUTADAS EM SOLOS ARENOSOS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE USINA EÓLICA
Authors: Rogerio Rodrigo Cerqueira
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: Apresenta-se neste trabalho a solução adotada para execução das fundações do Parque de Usina Eólica localizado no Ceará, com a utilização das estacas injetadas autoperfurantes, executadas em presença de solos arenosos. No qual consiste em perfurar o solo com altíssima velocidade por rotação e “pull down”, através da injeção simultânea de nata de cimento com medias pressões. Ocasionando na estaca um diâmetro final que pode obter o dobro do bit de perfuração, de acordo com o tipo de solo, gerado pelo efeito do jato da nata de cimento. Detalhando os processos executivos, verificando os aspectos técnicos e operacionais, para melhor compreender as características estruturais deste elemento. De forma a verificar “in situ” o desempenho deste novo tipo de fundação profunda, foram realizadas provas de carga, em estacas com diferentes diâmetros e comprimentos, realizadas em perfis estratigráficos de solos arenosos, para melhor avaliação de sua capacidade de carga. Analisando-se os ensaios das provas de carga interpretados a base da extrapolação da curva carga versus recalque e das previsões da capacidade de carga, obtidas por meio dos métodos semi-empíricos de correlação com ensaios de penetração (SPT), avaliando os padrões de execução desta tipologia de estaca injetada para comunidade geotécnica. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to establish the selected solution to except the foundations of the Wind Energy Park in Ceará (Brazil), with an executive methodology of the self-drilling injection piles framed in loco in Sandy soil. In which the soil drilling is done with the highest speed by rotation and pull down, through the simultaneous injection of grouting with medium pressures. This kind of drilling causes in the pile a final diameter that can get the double bore bit, according to the type of soil, done by the grouting blast. The executive processes are detailed as a whole, and also presenting the pile materials composition, in order to understand the structural characteristics of this element. To verify the performance of this new kind of deep drilling, instrumentations were done: settlement control and load tests in constructions with different structural characteristics, in self-drilling injected piles with different diameters and length, done in stratigraphical sandy, for a better evaluation of its load capacity. Analyzing the essays of load tests interpreted in the basis of curve extrapolation load versus settlement and the previsions of the load capacity, obtained by semi-empirical methods correlating with the penetrations methods (SPT), offering information to the geotechnical community.
CONCRETO TRANSLÚCIDO – LUZ NATURAL PARA AMBIENTES FECHADOS
Authors: Paiva Sayonara Michelle Mesquita Paiva , Diniz Marineide Jussara
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: O concreto por ter ampla utilização na construção civil, é constantemente objeto de pesquisas entre os estudiosos, sempre com o intuito de melhorar suas propriedades e aumentar seu uso nas edificações. O concreto é uma mistura de aglomerantes, agregados, aditivos e água. O concreto trouxe para a construção civil a possibilidade de projetar e executar as mais variadas formas, no entanto sempre foi um desafio para arquitetos e engenheiros a questão da iluminação nos ambientes fechados. Foi diante dessa dificuldade que surgiu um novo material no mercado, um concreto capaz de aliar as propriedades do concreto convencional com a iluminação natural, o Concreto Translúcido. O Concreto Translúcido é composto por concreto convencional e fibras ópticas, são essas fibras que permitem a passagem de luz através do concreto, conferindo assim um material favorável ao meio ambiente, tendo em vista que o consumo de energia pode ser reduzido. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar as características desse novo material, suas vantagens e desvantagens e suas aplicações no Brasil e no mundo.
Women in Board of Directors and Real Earnings Management: Accretive Share Buyback in Malaysia
Authors: Alquhaif Abdulsalam Saad , Latif Rohaida Abdul , Chandren Sitraselvi
Published: August 2017

Gender diversity of boards and reporting of earnings are two most debated issues in the corporate world. In this context, the paper explores how the presence of women directors on the corporate board influence real earnings management through accretive buyback programs. Using a sample of 601 firms’ observations that engage in accretive share buyback from 2010-2015, the findings reveal that existence of women directors on the board is associated with less engagement in accretive share buyback activities. We further find that firms with a higher number of independent directors are less likely to practice real earnings management through accretive buyback programs. Our paper contributes to the debate on gender diversity on boards and its influence on the utilisation of accretive buyback programs as a tool to real earnings management.
Características de reporte e condução de revisões sistemáticas que avaliaram a longevidade de restaurações de resina composta em dentes posteriores
Authors: Aquino Alana , Dias Camila , Almeida Fernanda , Valduga Gabriel , Vidal Gabriela , Sarkis-Onofre Rafael
Published: August 2017

Muitas revisões avaliando a longevidade de restaurações de resina composta em dentes posteriores vem sendo publicadas e o melhor entendimento dessas revisões é importante. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as características de condução e

de reporte das revisões sistemáticas que avaliaram a longevidade de restaurações de resina composta em dentes posteriores. Materiais e método: foi realizada uma busca no MedLine (via Pubmed) com objetivo de identificar revisões que analisaram apenas a longevidade de restaurações de resina composta e revisões que compararam restaurações de resina composta com outros materiais em dentes posteriores. Os artigos foram selecionados de forma independente por dois revisores baseados inicialmente na leitura do título/resumo e depois na leitura do artigo completo. Características dos periódicos em que os artigos foram publicados, do reporte e da condução das revisões foram extraídas. Tabelas foram criadas para sumarizar os dados. Resultados: no total, 11 artigos foram incluídos pela síntese qualitativa. A maioria das revisões utilizou meta-análise (63,6%) e a maior parte (90,9%) mencionou os termos revisão sistemática/meta-análise no título ou no resumo. Sete revisões (63,6%) não mencionaram a utilização de algum guia de reporte. Grande parte das revisões (54,5%) não incluiu apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados e oito estudos (72,2%) avaliaram o risco de viés e apresentaram o diagrama de fluxo da seleção dos estudos. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que muitas revisões sobre a longevidade de restaurações vêm sendo publicadas na literatura odontológica, sendo muitas delas conduzidas e reportadas de maneira diferente, o que pode impactar diretamente na qualidade do estudo e na aplicabilidade dos resultados.
Ação antibacteriana de materiais restauradores ionoméricos contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli
Authors: Vidal Glicya Oliveira , Araújo Jéssica Maria Lins de , Rocha Márcia Maria Negreiros Pinto , Jacques Paula Borges
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: analisar a atividade antimicrobiana de um cimento de ionômero de vidro (IV) convencional, um cimento de IV capsulado, um cimento de IV modificado por resina e uma resina composta com partículas ionoméricas contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Materiais e método: estudo laboratorial microbiológico avaliou, por meio da inibição do crescimento por ágar difusão no método do poço, a ação antimicrobiana de materiais restauradores contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia Coli. Utilizaram-se 6 placas de Petri com ágar Müeller Hinton cujos poços foram preenchidos com os materiais ionoméricos manipulados conforme fabricantes (cimento de IV convencional, cimento de IV encapsulado, cimento de IV modificado por resina e resina composta com partículas ionoméricas - Ketac Molar Easy®, Riva Self Cure®, Vitremer® e Beautifil II®) e com controle (cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol OZE e solução salina em discos de papéis). Houve incubação em estufa bacteriológica por 48 horas quando se analisou a formação ou não de halos de inibição do crescimento. Resultados: constatou-se que o cimento de IV modificado por resina apresentou atividade antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus, com média de halos de 13 e 13,6mm, e o cimento controle OZE apresentou halos de 16 e 16,3mm. Os demais materiais restauradores e a solução salina não apresentaram formação de halos de inibição. Conclusão: apenas o cimento de IV modificado por resina apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as bactérias testadas.