bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of Lake Van water level time series with jumps and multiple trends
Authors: Aksoy H. , Unal N. E. , Eris E. , Yuce M. I.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In 1990s, water level in the closed-basin Lake Van located in the Eastern Anatolia, Turkey has risen up about 2 m. Analysis of the hydrometeorological shows that change in the water level is related to the water budget of the lake. In this study, a stochastic model is generated using the measured monthly water level data of the lake. The model is derived after removal of trend and periodicity in the data set. Trend observed in the lake water level time series is fitted by mono- and multiple-trend lines. For the multiple-trend, the time series is first divided into homogeneous segments by means of SEGMENTER, segmentation software. Four segments are found meaningful practically each fitted with a trend line. Two models considering mono- and multiple-trend time series are developed. The multiple-trend model is found better for planning future development in surrounding areas of the lake.
Dones i Ciència. Genealogia d’una exclusió
Authors: Barona Josep Lluís
Published: February 2013

És tan abundant i exhaustiva la bibliografia feminista internacional i són tan plurals els estudis des de la perspectiva de gènere que ha produït la historiografia durant les darreres dècades que la opinió pública és conscient de les raons socials, culturals i ideològiques que han contribuït a construir els models de gènere i un determinat arquetip de la dona i de la naturalesa femenina en la nostra tradició occidental. El present article no vol ser una síntesi documentada ni erudita dels factors que han propiciat històricament l’exclusió de les dones de la esfera pública i especialment de les pràctiques científiques. Simplement vol aportar una reflexió personal des de la història cultural dirigida a un públic ample.
Dones i ciència. Quatre pioneres en el camp de la psicologia
Authors: Mülberger Annette
Published: February 2013

Una carrera científica normalment és una carrera d'obstacles, però en el cas de ser una dona s’afegeixen problemes i mecanismes d'exclusió específics.  Per tal de conèixer les estratègies utilitzats per superar alguns obstacles, al present article revisem les biografies de quatre psicòlogues que, entre 1890 i 1940, van intentar obtenir una formació acadèmica i van aconseguir fer una contribució pròpia a la ciència psicològica.
Responsabilidade e consequencialismo na ética de Hans Jonas
Authors: Dos Santos Robinson
Published: February 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar quais são as bases ontológicas da ética do futuro, tendo como leitmotiv o conceito de reciprocidade ou, sendo mais preciso, justamente a sua prescindibilidade no âmbito ético, a qual repercute como necessidade ontológica de fundamentação. Partiremos de uma análise do próprio conceito de “ética do futuro” para, explicitar, na sequência, por que, com Jonas, o futuro se torna objeto ético e como ele exige a prescindibilidade da reciprocidade. A partir daí, pretendemos mostrar que a fundamentação ontológica da ética é o caminho de solução para o problema da ausência de reciprocidade e de que modo ela se constitui como crítica àquilo que Jonas chama de dois dogmas da filosofia: “nenhuma verdade metafísica” e “nenhum caminho do é para o deve” (PR, p. 95). Por isso, finalmente, tentaremos mostrar que é contra esses dogmas que se ergue a proposta jonasiana, fundamentada numa metafísica racional que nada mais é do que uma ontologia biológica.
The Research of Vehicle Acceleration at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Bogdanović Vuk , Ruškić Nenad , Papić Zoran , Simeunović Milan
Published: February 2013

Vehicle acceleration is an important parameter used in planning various road elements, traffic signalization, geometric elements of an intersection, signal plans of traffic lights, etc. The knowledge of vehicle acceleration values is also necessary in using simulation softwares for more accurate analysis of the total situation at an intersection, on a road section or in a traffic network. In a lot of earlier studies, acceleration values were analysed and defined, mostly in optimal conditions for traffic functioning. However, values of almost all traffic flow parameters have been changed over time, due to changes in driving-dynamic vehicle characteristics, pneumatic tyres, material used for building road surface, etc. Besides, local environment influence and changes in drivers’ behaviour also significantly affect values of this parameter. According to HCM, it is advisable to perform local research for all values of the parameters recommended within the framework of this handbook, and to adapt their values to local conditions as well. The results of measuring the values of vehicles acceleration at signalized intersections in Novi Sad, Serbia, have been shown in this paper, using the procedure based on video recording processing.
Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Validation Studies to Identify Rheumatic Diseases in Health Administrative Databases
Authors: Widdifield Jessica , Labrecque Jeremy , Lix Lisa , Paterson J. Michael , Bernatsky Sasha , Tu Karen , Ivers Noah , Bombardier Claire
Published: February 2013

Objective

To evaluate the quality of the methods and reporting of published studies that validate administrative database algorithms for rheumatic disease case ascertainment.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the reference lists of articles published from 1980 to 2011. We included studies that validated administrative data algorithms for rheumatic disease case ascertainment using medical record or patient‐reported diagnoses as the reference standard. Each study was evaluated using published standards for the reporting and quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy, which informed the development of a methodologic framework to help critically appraise and guide research in this area.

Results

Twenty‐three studies met the inclusion criteria. Administrative database algorithms to identify cases were most frequently validated against diagnoses in medical records (83%). Almost two‐thirds of the studies (61%) used diagnosis codes in administrative data to identify potential cases and then reviewed medical records to confirm the diagnoses. The remaining studies did the reverse, identifying patients using a reference standard and then testing algorithms to identify cases in administrative data. Many authors (61%) described the patient population, but few (26%) reported key measures of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values). Only one‐third of studies reported disease prevalence in the validation study sample.

Conclusion

The methods used in administrative data validation studies of rheumatic diseases are highly variable. Few studies reported key measures of diagnostic accuracy despite their importance for drawing conclusions about the validity of administrative database algorithms. We developed a methodologic framework and recommendations for validation study conduct and reporting.
Prevalence of Axial Spondyloarthritis in United States Rheumatology Practices: Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Criteria Versus Rheumatology Expert Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Rao Sumati A. , Shillington Alicia C. , Cifaldi Mary A. , Mcguire Michael , Ruderman Eric M.
Published: February 2013

Objective

New classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) have been validated by the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) working group. We applied these criteria to estimate prevalence of SpA in randomly selected, retrospectively reviewed medical records from representative US rheumatology practices.

Methods

Rheumatologists from 101 US practices identified at‐risk patients, ages 18–44 years, with chronic back pain. Medical records were reviewed against ASAS criteria. The proportion of patients meeting ASAS criteria was compared to an estimate of the total number of at‐risk patients treated at participating sites and, following weighting, was extrapolated to 5,520 US rheumatology practices. US Census data were used to estimate national prevalence.

Results

In a sample of 816 randomly selected records, 514 (63%) at‐risk patients (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 59.6–66.3%) met ASAS criteria. By applying this proportion to 1,217,097 Americans estimated at risk, 766,652 were projected to meet ASAS criteria. This projection corresponds to a national prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI 0.38–1.1%) or 701 per 100,000 individuals. The prevalence estimates of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial SpA are 0.35% (95% CI 0.18–0.554%) and 0.35% (95% CI 0.18–0.554%), respectively. Rheumatologists diagnosed axial SpA in 491 (60%) of those at risk, corresponding to 0.67% (95% CI 0.36–1.01%) prevalence overall. However, of 514 patients meeting ASAS criteria, 124 (24%) were undiagnosed by rheumatologists.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic epidemiology study of axial SpA using ASAS criteria. Better recognition of axial symptoms is needed, as rheumatologists' expert clinical diagnoses are not always in agreement with ASAS criteria.
Developmental Functional Adaptation to High Altitude: Review
Authors: Frisancho A. Roberto
Published: February 2013

Various approaches have been used to understand the origins of the functional traits that characterize the Andean high‐altitude native. Based on the conceptual framework of developmental functional adaptation which postulates that environmental influences during the period of growth and development have long lasting effects that may be expressed during adulthood, we initiated a series of studies addressed at determining the pattern of physical growth and the contribution of growth and development to the attainment of full functional adaptation to high‐altitude of low and high altitude natives living under rural and urban conditions. Current research indicate that: (a) the pattern of growth at high altitude due to limited nutritional resources, physical growth in body size is delayed but growth in lung volumes is accelerated because of hypoxic stress); (b) low‐altitude male and female urban natives can attain a full functional adaptation to high altitude by exposure to high‐altitude hypoxia during the period of growth and development; (c) both experimental studies on animals and comparative human studies indicate that exposure to high altitude during the period of growth and development results in the attainment of a large residual lung volume; (d) this developmentally acquired enlarged residual lung volume and its associated increase in alveolar area when combined with the increased tissue capillarization and moderate increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration contributes to the successful functional adaptation of the Andean high‐altitude native to hypoxia; and (e) any specific genetic traits that are related to the successful functional adaptation of Andean high‐altitude natives have yet to be identified. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:151–168, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Report: CD109 Overexpression Ameliorates Skin Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Bleomycin‐Induced Scleroderma
Authors: Vorstenbosch Joshua , Al‐Ajmi Hasan , Winocour Sebastian , Trzeciak Alissa , Lessard Lucie , Philip Anie
Published: February 2013

Objective

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a profibrotic cytokine, and its aberrant function is implicated in several types of fibrotic pathologies including scleroderma (systemic sclerosis [SSc]). Multiple lines of evidence show that increased TGFβ signaling contributes to progressive fibrosis in SSc by promoting fibroblast activation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and dermal thickening. We have previously identified CD109 as a TGFβ coreceptor and have shown that it antagonizes TGFβ signaling and TGFβ‐induced ECM expression in vitro in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of CD109 to prevent skin fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced SSc.

Methods

Transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis and their wild‐type (WT) littermates were injected with bleomycin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or with PBS alone every other day for 21 days or 28 days. Dermal thickness and collagen deposition were determined histologically using Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining. In addition, collagen and fibronectin content was analyzed using Western blotting, and activation of TGFβ signaling was examined by determining phospho‐Smad2 and phospho‐Smad3 levels using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis showed resistance to bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis, as evidenced by a significant decrease in dermal thickness, collagen crosslinking, collagen and fibronectin content, and phospho‐Smad2/3 levels, as compared to their WT littermates.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that CD109 inhibits TGFβ signaling and fibrotic responses in experimental murine scleroderma. They also suggest that CD109 regulates dermal–epidermal interactions to decrease extracellular matrix synthesis in the dermis. Thus, CD109 is a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in scleroderma.
Causes of false-negative sentinel node biopsy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Andersson Y , Frisell J , Sylvan M , de Boniface J , Bergkvist L
Published: February 2013

Background

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has replaced axillary lymph node dissection as the routine staging procedure in clinically node-negative breast cancer. False-negative SLN biopsy results in misclassification and may cause undertreatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serial sectioning of SLNs reveals metastases more frequently in patients with false-negative SLNs than in patients with true-negative SLNs.

Methods

This was a case–control study. Tissue blocks from patients with false-negative SLNs, defined as tumour-positive lymph nodes excised at completion axillary dissection or a subsequent axillary tumour recurrence, were reassessed by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining. For each false-negative node, two true-negative SLN biopsies were analysed. Tumour and node characteristics in patients with false-negative SLNs were compared with those in patients with a positive SLN by univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

Results

Undiagnosed SLN metastases were discovered in nine (18 per cent) of 50 patients in the false-negative group and in 12 (11.2 per cent) of 107 patients in the true-negative group (P = 0.245). The metastases were represented by isolated tumour cells in 14 of these 21 patients. The risk of a false-negative SLN was higher in patients with hormone receptor-negative (odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.17 to 5.33) or multifocal tumours (OR 3.39, 1.71 to 6.71), or if only one SLN was identified (OR 3.57, 1.98 to 6.45).

Conclusion

SLN serial sectioning contributes to a higher rate of detection of SLN metastasis. The rate of upstaging of the tumour is similar in false- and true-negative groups of patients.
Conformance and Deviance: Company Responses to Institutional Pressures for Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Authors: Pedersen Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum , Neergaard Peter , Pedersen Janni Thusgaard , Gwozdz Wencke
Published: February 2013

This paper analyses how large Danish companies are responding to new governmental regulation which requires them to report on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The paper is based on an analysis of 142 company annual reports required by the new Danish regulation regarding CSR reporting, plus 10 interviews with first‐time reporting companies and six interviews with companies that failed to comply with the new law. It is concluded that coercive pressures from government have an impact on CSR reporting practices. Further, the analysis finds traces of mimetic isomorphism which inspires a homogenisation in CSR reporting practices. Finally, it is argued that non‐conformance with the new regulatory requirements is not solely about conscious resistance but may also be caused by, for example, lack of awareness, resource limitations, misinterpretations, and practical difficulties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Endovascular revascularization of bald aortic arch for severe cerebral ischemia
Authors: Tyagi Sanjay , Girish M.P. , Gupta Mohit D.
Published: February 2013

Takayasu arteritis is a rare form of chronic, inflammatory arteriopathy affecting the aorta and its major branches. Obstructive lesions of all arch vessels lead to ischemic brain symptoms. There is very limited experience of endovascular revascularization in this situation. We report case of a female patient with potentially life threatening cerebral ischemic symptoms due to extra‐cranial occlusion of all arch arteries. Stent supported angioplasty of brachiocephalic, right common carotid and right subclavian artery was successfully performed. This improved her cerebral blood flow and relieved her severe, disabling neurologic symptoms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complications after Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with a Balloon‐Expandable Prosthesis: The Importance of Preventative Measures and Contingency Planning
Authors: Chakravarty Tarun , Jilaihawi Hasan , Doctor Niraj , Fontana Gregory , Forrester James S. , Cheng Wen , Makkar Raj
Published: February 2013

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon‐expandable Edwards‐SAPIEN valve was superior to standard therapy in inoperable patients and noninferior to surgical aortic valve replacement in high surgical‐risk, but operable patients, with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in the randomized controlled PARTNER trial. Since the first case of TAVR with a balloon‐expandable valve in 2002, several groups have reported their experience with balloon‐expandable valves with high‐procedural success. In the United States, the balloon‐expandable Edwards‐SAPIEN valve is the only transcatheter heart valve approved by the FDA for commercial use. Moreover, this is only in high‐risk inoperable patients. Despite increasing experience with the TAVR procedure, it can be associated with complications, which can be technically challenging, even for an experienced operator. Complications associated with TAVR include vascular complications, valve malpositioning, regurgitation, embolization, coronary compromise, conduction abnormalities, stroke/transient ischemic attack, acute kidney injury, cardiac tamponade, and hemodynamic collapse. A thorough understanding of the procedure is essential for pre‐emptive planning for procedural complications and early identification and management of complications are necessary for procedural success. We hereby review our experience of transfemoral TAVR with balloon‐expandable valves, offer practical tips to maximize the likelihood of procedural success, describe pre‐emptive strategies to prevent peri‐procedural complications and bailout measures to manage them, should they occur. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Paal—Knorr Approach to 3,4‐Diaryl‐Substituted Pyrroles: Facile Synthesis of Lamellarins O and Q.
Authors: Ramirez‐Rodriguez Armando , Mendez Jose M. , Jimenez Cristina C. , Leon Fernando , Vazquez Alfredo
Published: February 2013

A novel approach to 3,4‐bisaryl substituted pyrroles is developed using succinonitriles of type (V) as key intermediates.
Patient‐reported outcomes after 3‐dimensional conformal, intensity‐modulated, or proton beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Gray Phillip J. , Paly Jonathan J. , Yeap Beow Y. , Sanda Martin G. , Sandler Howard. M. , Michalski Jeff M. , Talcott James A. , Coen John J. , Hamstra Daniel A. , Shipley William U. , Hahn Stephen M. , Zietman Anthony L. , Bekelman Justin E. , Efstathiou Jason A.
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

Recent studies have suggested differing toxicity patterns for patients with prostate cancer who receive treatment with 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or proton beam therapy (PBT).

METHODS:

The authors reviewed patient‐reported outcomes data collected prospectively using validated instruments that assessed bowel and urinary quality of life (QOL) for patients with localized prostate cancer who received 3DCRT (n = 123), IMRT (n = 153) or PBT (n = 95). Clinically meaningful differences in mean QOL scores were defined as those exceeding half the standard deviation of the baseline mean value. Changes from baseline were compared within groups at the first post‐treatment follow‐up (2‐3 months from the start of treatment) and at 12 months and 24 months.

RESULTS:

At the first post‐treatment follow‐up, patients who received 3DCRT and IMRT, but not those who received PBT, reported a clinically meaningful decrement in bowel QOL. At 12 months and 24 months, all 3 cohorts reported clinically meaningful decrements in bowel QOL. Patients who received IMRT reported clinically meaningful decrements in the domains of urinary irritation/obstruction and incontinence at the first post‐treatment follow‐up. At 12 months, patients who received PBT, but not those who received IMRT or 3DCRT, reported a clinically meaningful decrement in the urinary irritation/obstruction domain. At 24 months, none of the 3 cohorts reported clinically meaningful changes in urinary QOL.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who received 3DCRT, IMRT, or PBT reported distinct patterns of treatment‐related QOL. Although the timing of toxicity varied between the cohorts, patients reported similar modest QOL decrements in the bowel domain and minimal QOL decrements in the urinary domains at 24 months. Prospective randomized trials are needed to further examine these differences. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Dielectrophoretic isolation and detection of cfc‐DNA nanoparticulate biomarkers and virus from blood
Authors: Sonnenberg Avery , Marciniak Jennifer Y. , McCanna James , Krishnan Rajaram , Rassenti Laura , Kipps Thomas J. , Heller Michael J.
Published: February 2013

Dielectrophoretic (DEP) microarray devices allow important cellular nanoparticulate biomarkers and virus to be rapidly isolated, concentrated, and detected directly from clinical and biological samples. A variety of submicron nanoparticulate entities including cell free circulating (cfc) DNA, mitochondria, and virus can be isolated into DEP high‐field areas on microelectrodes, while blood cells and other micron‐size entities become isolated into DEP low‐field areas between the microelectrodes. The nanoparticulate entities are held in the DEP high‐field areas while cells are washed away along with proteins and other small molecules that are not affected by the DEP electric fields. DEP carried out on 20 μL of whole blood obtained from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients showed a considerable amount of SYBR Green stained DNA fluorescent material concentrated in the DEP high‐field regions. Whole blood obtained from healthy individuals showed little or no fluorescent DNA materials in the DEP high‐field regions. Fluorescent T7 bacteriophage virus could be isolated directly from blood samples, and fluorescently stained mitochondria could be isolated from biological buffer samples. Using newer DEP microarray devices, high‐molecular‐weight DNA could be isolated from serum and detected at levels as low as 8–16 ng/mL.
Scaling down constriction‐based (electrodeless) dielectrophoresis devices for trapping nanoscale bioparticles in physiological media of high‐conductivity
Authors: Chaurey Vasudha , Rohani Ali , Su Yi‐Hsuan , Liao Kuo‐Tang , Chou Chia‐Fu , Swami Nathan S.
Published: February 2013

Selective trapping of nanoscale bioparticles (size <100 nm) is significant for the separation and high‐sensitivity detection of biomarkers. Dielectrophoresis is capable of highly selective trapping of bioparticles based on their characteristic frequency response. However, the trapping forces fall steeply with particle size, especially within physiological media of high‐conductivity where the trapping can be dissipated by electrothermal (ET) flow due to localized Joule heating. Herein, we investigate the influence of device scaling within the electrodeless insulator dielectrophoresis geometry through the application of highly constricted channels of successively smaller channel depth, on the net balance of dielectrophoretic trapping force versus ET drag force on bioparticles. While higher degrees of constriction enable dielectrophoretic trapping of successively smaller bioparticles within a short time, the ETflow due to enhanced Joule heating within media of high conductivity can cause a significant dissipation of bioparticle trapping. This dissipative drag force can be reduced through lowering the depth of the highly constricted channels to submicron sizes, which substantially reduces the degree of Joule heating, thereby enhancing the range of voltages and media conductivities that can be applied toward rapid dielectrophoretic concentration enrichment of silica nanoparticles (∼50 nm) and streptavidin protein biomolecules (∼5 nm). We envision the application of these methodologies toward nanofabrication, optofluidics, biomarker discovery, and early disease diagnostics.
Process development for cell aggregate arrays encapsulated in a synthetic hydrogel using negative dielectrophoresis
Authors: Abdallat Rula G. , Ahmad Tajuddin Aziela S. , Gould David H. , Hughes Michael P. , Fatoyinbo Henry O. , Labeed Fatima H.
Published: February 2013

Spatial patterning of cells is of great importance in tissue engineering and biotechnology, enabling, for example the creation of bottom‐up histoarchitectures of heterogeneous cells, or cell aggregates for in vitro high‐throughput toxicological and therapeutic studies within 3D microenvironments. In this paper, a single‐step process for creating peelable and resilient hydrogels, encapsulating arrays of biological cell aggregates formed by negative DEP has been devised. The dielectrophoretic trapping within low‐energy regions of the DEP‐dot array reduces cell exposure to high field stresses while creating distinguishable, evenly spaced arrays of aggregates. In addition to using an optimal combination of PEG diacrylate pre‐polymer solution concentration and a novel UV exposure mechanism, total processing time was reduced. With a continuous phase medium of PEG diacrylate at 15% v/v concentration, effective dielectrophoretic cell patterned arrays and photo‐polymerisation of the mixture was achieved within a 4 min period. This unique single‐step process was achieved using a 30 s UV exposure time frame within a dedicated, wide exposure area DEP light box system. To demonstrate the developed process, aggregates of yeast, human leukemic (K562) and HeLa cells were immobilised in an array format within the hydrogel. Relative cell viability for both cells within the hydrogels, after maintaining them in appropriate iso‐osmotic media, over a week period was greater than 90%.
Cervical cytokines and clearance of incident human papillomavirus infection: Hawaii HPV cohort study
Authors: Scott Mark E. , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Thompson Pamela J. , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Zhu Xuemei , Wilkens Lynne R. , Killeen Jeffrey , Vo Dien D. , Moscicki Anna‐Barbara , Goodman Marc T.
Published: February 2013

Mechanisms for the control and resolution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix include the local production of cytokines, which control recruitment and function of cells integral to pathogen control. We established a cohort of women for long‐term follow‐up to examine the mucosal expression of antiviral (IFN‐α2), Type‐1 (IFN‐γ, IL‐12), regulatory (IL‐10), and proinflammatory (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, MIP‐1α, and TNF) cytokines in association with the clearance of incident cervical HPV infection. Interviews and specimens for HPV DNA analysis and cytokine protein measurement were obtained at baseline and at 4‐month intervals. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to study the relationship between clearance of 107 high‐risk and 111 low‐risk incident HPV infections and cytokine levels among 154 women. Positive changes from baseline levels of IL‐10, IL‐12, MIP‐1α, and TNF were associated with significantly longer times to type‐specific HPV clearance. Inverse trends in the hazard ratios associated with clearance of high‐risk HPV infections were monotonic and significant for IL‐12 (ptrend = 0.02) and TNF (ptrend = 0.02); the likelihood of high‐risk HPV clearance was reduced by 65% and 67%, respectively, among women in the highest as compared with the lowest quartile of change from baseline. Our results suggest that in women with a nontransient cervical HPV infection, proinflammatory, Type‐1, and regulatory cytokines are elevated, underscoring the long‐term commitment of local immune mediators to viral eradication.
Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system improves physiological outcomes in mice with mild or severe cancer cachexia
Authors: Murphy Kate T. , Chee Annabel , Trieu Jennifer , Naim Timur , Lynch Gordon S.
Published: February 2013

Cancer cachexia describes the progressive skeletal muscle wasting and weakness associated with many cancers. Cachexia reduces mobility and quality of life and accounts for 20–30% of all cancer‐related deaths. Activation of the renin–angiotensin system causes skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, perindopril, would enhance whole body and skeletal muscle function in cachectic mice bearing Colon‐26 (C‐26) tumors. CD2F1 mice received a subcutaneous injection of phosphate buffered saline or C‐26 tumor cells inducing either a mild or severe cachexia. The following day, one cohort of C‐26 mice began receiving perindopril in their drinking water (4 mg kg−1 day−1) for 21 days. In mild and severe cachexia, perindopril increased measures of whole body function (grip strength and rotarod) and reduced fatigue in isolated contracting diaphragm muscle strips (p < 0.05). In severely cachectic mice, perindopril reduced tumor growth, improved locomotor activity and reduced fatigue of tibialis anterior muscles in situ (p < 0.05), which was associated with increased oxidative enzyme capacity (succinate deyhydrogenase, p < 0.05). Perindopril attenuated the increase in MuRF‐1 and IL‐6 mRNA expression and enhanced Akt phosphorylation in severely cachectic mice but neither body nor muscle mass was increased. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ACE inhibition for enhancing whole body function and reducing fatigue of respiratory muscles in early and late stage cancer cachexia and should be confirmed in future clinical trials. Since ACE inhibition alone did not enhance body or muscle mass, co‐treatment with an anabolic agent may be required to address these aspects of cancer cachexia.
THE RELEVANCE OF ACCURACY FOR THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC NEWS ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY
Authors: LaakkOnen HelinÄ , Lanne Markku
Published: February 2013

We study whether the accuracy of news announcements matters for the impact of news on exchange rate volatility. We use high‐frequency EUR/USD returns and releases of 20 US macroeconomic indicators and measure the precision of news in three different ways. When the precision is defined by the size of the first revision of the previous month's figure, we find that precise news increases volatility significantly more than imprecise news. Also, news on indicators that are in general more precise increase volatility more than news on typically imprecise indicators. Finally, we use real‐time data to measure the ‘true’ precision of news and find that the size of the first revision of the previous month's figure is a reasonable signal of ‘true’ precision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ocular‐Side Lateralization of Adult‐Type Chromatophore Precursors: Development of Pigment Asymmetry in Metamorphosing Flounder Larvae
Authors: Washio Youhei , Aritaki Masato , Fujinami Yuichiro , Shimizu Daisuke , Yokoi Hayato , Suzuki Tohru
Published: February 2013

The adult‐type chromatophores of flounder differentiate at metamorphosis in the skin of ocular side to establish asymmetric pigmentation. In young larva and before metamorphosis, adult‐type melanophores that migrate to the ocular side during metamorphosis reside at the base of the dorsal fin as latent precursors. However, the migration route taken by these precursor cells and the mechanisms by which lateralization and asymmetric pigmentation develop on the ocular side are unknown. To further investigate this migration and lateralization, we used in situ hybridization with gch2 probe, a marker for melanoblasts and xanthoblasts (precursors of adult type chromatophores), to examine the distribution of chromatophore precursors in metamorphosing larvae. The gch2‐positive precursors were present in the myoseptum as well as in the skin. This finding indicated that these precursors migrated from the dorsal part of the fin to the skin via the myoseptum. Additionally, there were much fewer gch2‐positive cells in the myoseptum of the blind side than in the skin and myoseptum of the ocular side, and this finding indicated either that migration of the precursor cells into the myoseptum of blind side was inhibited or that the precursors were eliminated from the myoseptum of the blind side. Therefore, we propose that the signals responsible for development of asymmetric pigmentation in flounder reside not only in the skin but on a larger scale and in multiple tissues throughout the lateral half of the trunk. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:151–165, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Grading severity of carpal tunnel syndrome in electrodiagnostic reports: Why grading is recommended
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M.
Published: February 2013

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is not difficult to confirm by electrodiagnosis (EDx), but the challenge lies in whether to grade the severity and the method for doing so. The arguments about grading are discussed, with an emphasis in favor, using a method that relies on the EDx data, but qualifies that it is the median neuropathy being graded and not the syndrome of CTS. Although use of latencies can be arbitrary and misleading, it is possible to apply other criteria, such as low amplitudes or conduction block and denervation, to develop a grading scale that could be applied widely. Several previously published grading schemes are reviewed, and a new method is described that combines the prior ranking criteria into 3 basic categories. Application of a grading system identifies the degree of nerve injury and thus allows the referring physician to utilize optimally the EDx report to manage the patient. Muscle Nerve 48: 331–333, 2013
Room temperature operation of ITO nano‐crystal gas sensor
Authors: Koo Jieun , Park Seunghwan , Lee Woong , Cho Youngji , Lee Hyojong , Lee Sangtae , Chang Jiho
Published: February 2013

We proposed an indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) based gas sensor which can operate at room temperature. ITO nano‐crystal was screen printed on a quartz substrate. To improve the sensitivity and to decrease the resistivity of the printed ITO layer, pressurized annealing was adopted. Resistivity of the printed ITO gas sensor decreased from 3.5 kΩcm to 1.56 Ωcm by pressurized annealing. We could observe room temperature operation of the printed ITO gas sensor by using various gases such as Ar, N2, O2 and CH4. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A sealed‐bid multi‐attribute auction protocol with strong bid privacy and bidder privacy
Authors: Shi Wenbo
Published: February 2013

In this paper, a sealed‐bid multi‐attribute auction protocol that mainly focuses on security issues (i.e., bid privacy, bidder anonymity, and fairness problem) is presented. In recent years, existing literatures mainly focus on the multi‐attribute winner determination problem and other issues, but research of multi‐attribute e‐auction just begin from the perspective of information security. The new proposal is motivated by the conflict between bidder anonymity and denial‐of‐service attack from an insider. It utilizes private set intersection method to solve the privacy problem of winner determination of sealed‐bid multi‐attribute auction. The proposed sealed‐bid auction scheme preserves the strong privacy of the bids and provides verifiable correctness. According to the security analysis, it satisfies the security requirements of an e‐auction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence Support Approaches in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials: Experiences, Insights and Future Directions from Four Multisite Prevention Trials
Authors: Amico K. Rivet , Mansoor Leila E. , Corneli Amy , Torjesen Kristine , van der Straten Ariane
Published: February 2013

Adherence is a critical component of the success of antiretroviral-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in averting new HIV-infections. Ensuring drug availability at the time of potential HIV exposure relies on self-directed product use. A deeper understanding of how to best support sustained PrEP adherence remains critical to current and future PrEP efforts. This paper provides a succinct synthesis of the adherence support experiences from four pivotal PrEP trials—Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004, FEM-PrEP, Iniciativa Prophylaxis (iPrEx), and Vaginal and Oral Interventions to Control the Epidemic (VOICE). Notwithstanding variability in the design, population/cohort, formulation, drug, dosing strategy, and operationalization of adherence approaches utilized in each trial, the theoretical basis and experiences in implementation and monitoring of the approaches used by these trials provide key lessons for optimizing adherence in future research and programmatic scale-up of PrEP. Recommendations from across these trials include participant-centered approaches, separating measurement of adherence from adherence counseling, incorporating tailored strategies that go beyond education, fostering motivation, and addressing the specific context in which an individual incorporates and negotiates PrEP use.
Sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary correlates of dietary supplement use in a large sample of French adults: results from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study
Authors: Pouchieu Camille , Andreeva Valentina A. , Péneau Sandrine , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Lassale Camille , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde
Published: February 2013

Information on the determinants of dietary supplement (DS) use in France is largely lacking, especially in population subgroups such as smokers. Also, little is known about the role of health professionals in DS purchases. The aim of the present study was to describe DS use along with its sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary correlates in a large sample of French adults (age 18+years) participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Data were collected by self-administered Internet questionnaires. Food intakes were assessed by 24 h dietary records. Data on DS use were available for 79 786 participants. Supplement users were compared with non-users by logistic regression. Current DS use at least three times/week was reported by 14·6 % of men and 28·1 % of women. Mg, and vitamins B6 and C were the most frequently consumed nutrients. DS were prescribed or recommended by a physician in 54·9 % of the cases. DS use was positively associated with knowledge of nutritional recommendations and organic product consumption, following a healthier diet and lifestyle (non-smoker, moderate leisure-time physical activity). Current smokers used less DS than did non-smokers, but their DS consumption was substantial (19·0 %) and they were more likely to self-medicate. The present study provides updated and detailed information on DS use determinants in a large French cohort, including a focus on smokers, for whom the long-term effects of DS use are poorly documented and could represent a risk. These findings pave the way for future aetiological studies.
Research in applied linguistics and language teaching and learning in New Zealand (2006–2010)
Authors: Ker Alastair , Adams Rebecca , Skyrme Gillian
Published: February 2013

This survey gives an overview of research into language teaching and learning in New Zealand over a five-year period, including the context of that research. The majority of New Zealanders are monolingual English speakers, yet the country faces complex linguistic challenges arising from its bicultural foundations and the multicultural society it has become. The survey encompasses the teaching and learning of indigenous and community languages, includingte reo Māoriand New Zealand Sign Language, both official languages; the teaching and learning of foreign languages and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL); psychological factors in language learning; and language teacher education. Certain themes recur: the daunting task of maintaining minority languages against a tide of language shift, the lag between language trends and language policy, and the struggle to create space within the education system for cultural and linguistic diversity. Research into language teaching and learning in New Zealand is vibrant, but there is a need for greater collaboration, generalisability and more effective dissemination of research findings. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of methodologies and programmes in international comparison, and helping teachers and course designers to refine the use of digital technology.
On the capacitance versus voltage response and tunability of ferroelectrics: A microscopic model
Authors: Placeres Jiménez Rolando , Pedro Rino José , Fraygola Bárbara , Antonio Eiras José
Published: February 2013

The dielectric permittivity is one of the most important properties of ferroelectrics and is strongly dependent upon the measuring conditions (electric field strength and frequency, external stress, among others). The electric field dependence of the dielectric permittivity is modeled considering ferroelectrics in which domain walls act as a stretched membrane under a homogeneous external electric field E(t)=E0+E1 sin ωt. Considering that the applied field is uniaxial and that the deformed membrane remains plane, it is possible to formulate the membrane vibration problem as a linear boundary value problem, which can be solved analytically. Real and imaginary dependence of the permittivity as a function of the frequency are derived from the analytic solution. By choosing an appropriate relationship between the membrane tension and the applied field, it is possible to describe the observed nonlinear hysteretic dependence of the permittivity under a bias electric field (CV response or tunability). The model was tested via fitting of experimental data from PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 and PbZr0.53Ti0.43O3 ferroelectrics thin films, with excellent correspondence between model predictions and experimental results. Saturation polarization, coercive field, and remanent polarization, calculated from the CV curve quantitatively agree with the values found from the experimental hysteresis loop. Details about the hysteresis loop reconstruction and membrane characteristic relaxation frequency estimation obtained from CV curve are discussed.
Control of magnetic loss tangent of hexaferrite for advanced radio frequency antenna applications
Authors: Lee Jaejin , Hong Yang-Ki , Lee Woncheol , Abo Gavin S. , Park Jihoon , Seong Won-Mo , Ahn Won-Ki
Published: February 2013

We demonstrate that magnetic loss tangent of M-type hexaferrite can be controlled by a small dc magnetic field, thereby improving radio frequency (RF) antenna radiation efficiency and realizing antenna miniaturization. Magnetic loss tangent (tan δμ) of the M-type BaFe9.6Co1.2Ti1.2O19 hexaferrite at 200 MHz decreased significantly from 11.8% to less than 1% as the applied dc magnetic field increased from 0 to 400 Oe. This is because the contribution of domain wall motion to permeability dispersion is decreased, and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency increases with the magnetic field. Antenna simulation results showed that radiation efficiency of the designed ferrite helical antenna increased from −22.9 to −9.2 dB with dc magnetic field of 400 Oe. Therefore, the small dc magnetic field played a key role in reduction of tan δμ of hexaferrite and improvement of antenna performance in the RF range.
Improved electromechanical behavior in castable dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Akbari Samin , Rosset Samuel , Shea Herbert R.
Published: February 2013

Non-viscoelastic castable elastomers are replacing the polyacrylate VHB films in the new generations of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) to achieve fast and reliable actuation. We introduce the optimum prestretch conditions to enhance the electromechanical behavior of the castable DEAs resulting in large actuation strain. For castable actuator in which the thickness is selected independent of the prestretch, uniaxial prestretch mode offers the highest actuation strain in the transverse direction compared to biaxial and pure shear. We experimentally demonstrate that miniaturization hinders the loss of tension and up to 85% linear actuation strain is generated with a 300 × 300 μm2 polydimethylsiloxanes-based DEA.
Sensitivity enhancement of carbon nanotube based ammonium ion sensors through surface modification by using oxygen plasma treatment
Authors: Yeo Sanghak , Choi Changrok , Woong Jang Chi , Lee Seok , Min Jhon Young
Published: February 2013

We have shown that the sensitivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensors can be enhanced as high as 74 times through surface modification by using the inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition method with oxygen. The plasma treatment power was maintained as low as 10 W within 20 s, and the oxygen plasma was generated far away from the sensors to minimize the plasma damage. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, we found that the concentration of oxygen increased with the plasma treatment time, which implies that oxygen functional groups or defect sites were generated on the CNT surface.
Isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in a tropical marine boundary layer
Authors: Savarino Joel , Morin Samuel , Erbland Joseph , Grannec Francis , Patey Matthew D. , Vicars William , Alexander Becky , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: February 2013

Long-term observations of the reactive chemical composition of the tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) are rare, despite its crucial role for the chemical stability of the atmosphere. Recent observations of reactive bromine species in the tropical MBL showed unexpectedly high levels that could potentially have an impact on the ozone budget. Uncertainties in the ozone budget are amplified by our poor understanding of the fate of NOx(= NO + NO2), particularly the importance of nighttime chemical NOxsinks. Here, we present year-round observations of the multiisotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the tropical MBL at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. We show that the observed oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate are compatible with nitrate formation chemistry, which includes the BrNO3sink at a level ofca.20 ± 10% of nitrate formation pathways. The results also suggest that the N2O5pathway is a negligible NOxsink in this environment. Observations further indicate a possible link between the NO2/NOxratio and the nitrogen isotopic content of nitrate in this low NOxenvironment, possibly reflecting the seasonal change in the photochemical equilibrium among NOxspecies. This study demonstrates the relevance of using the stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen of atmospheric nitrate in association with concentration measurements to identify and constrain chemical processes occurring in the MBL.