bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided design of cyber-physical building systems
Authors: Chelyshkov Pavel
Published: May 2019

At present, an increasing number of researchers and specialists in the construction industry come to the opinion that it is advisable to use a number of technologies (BIM, Smart City, Big Data, IOT and others) in the practice of construction (in the broad sense of this concept), which are united by the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The result of the implementation of these technologies in the construction should be the transition to the widespread use of cyber-physical systems.

The problem of using information technologies in construction today is not due to the lack of this process as such, but to the lack of consistency and consistency in it. Fragmentary nature of the application, inconsistency of the applied technologies at different levels of management and at different stages of the life cycle of construction projects sharply reduce the potential positive effect of informatization and building automation. At the same time, the concept of cyber-physical systems, that is, the integration at the system level of physical processes and controls has proven effective in industrial production.

The approaches to ensuring the processes of designing cyber-physical building systems through the development and application of General mathematical models for the processes of data exchange and management are considered. The presented models of data exchange and management of cyber-physical building systems describe the processes implemented at each stage of the life cycle of cyber-physical building systems. Functional blocks of the considered models allow to describe the processes of data collection, storage and processing on the current and past stages of the life cycle of cyber-physical construction systems. The presented models are the elements of mathematical support of the processes of designing cyber-physical building systems, which determine the processes of information exchange and management between the structures of cyber-physical building systems of different levels of hierarchy in the full life cycle.
Smart house: model of resource management and safety of vertical transport
Authors: Prusov Andrei , Sevryugina Nadezhda , Ovsienko Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

It has been proven that the vertical transport occupies a niche not so much technical objects, how many socially significant technological advances that provide comfort and accessibility for the population of different levels of mobility. Analysis of legal, regulatory documentation showed that the security and reliability of vertical transport is represented in the theory of risk as a scenario of possible events with a broad range of assumptions within the zone of progressing temporary uncertainty and coherence mechanism models of actual conditions, in most cases, it is not. Evaluated scientific elaboration area studies in part integrity, functionality and consistency of the regulatory framework legal enforceability. The model of the complete life cycle of vertical transport. Algorithm of modal analysis of vertical transport parameters of criteria. Estimation of interference and strengthening process factors. Conducted simulation risk factor system the effects of vertical transport the negative socio-economic consequences. Proposed personalized predictive model of full life-cycle operation of vertical transport. Practical recommendations aimed at harmonizing the basic works on scientific and technical support and monitoring, simplification of the development programs of work, obtaining accurate and timely information on the state of vertical transport.
Energy-efficient solutions for household wastewater treatment using biofilters
Authors: Gogina Elena , Yantsen Olga
Published: May 2019

To maintain a comfortable life it is necessary to pay special attention to environmental aspects. This issue is as relevant for small towns as it is for big cities. The most important tasks are studies of wastewater treatment based on the principles of energy efficiency. The article presents research on the choice of loading material (methods of selection and analysis of loading material). Also described is effective wastewater treatment technology from nitrogen compounds, methods of intensification of the biofilters. Technological schemes are given. The main attention is paid to the study of the four-zone scheme, in which the processes of denitrification-nitrification occur sequentially. Along with the control reactors with the sanitary and chemical analyses, implemented regular monitoring of the microbiological investigations of biomass, using light and electron microscopy. An energy-efficient solution for deep wastewater treatment using biofilters has been developed. Calculation methods are given. The studies will significantly reduce the amount of energy consumed, the cost of processing precipitation. And the achieved effect of wastewater treatment will prevent eutrophication of water bodies and therefore reduce the cost of drinking water treatment.
Automated system for synthesis of sensors for smart cities
Authors: Petrova Irina , Zaripova Viktoriya , Lezhnina Yuliya , Siddikov Ilkhomzhon
Published: May 2019

The concept of a smart city is aimed at developing technologies and infrastructure based on the use of new technologies, large data centers, smart sensors and automated power grids. As technological advances in control systems increase the efficiency of sensors, users are calling for advances in sensor accuracy, reliability, dynamic characteristics (response time, dynamic linearity etc.), robustness, miniaturization and communication capability. The sensor industry is expected to experience sound growth during the five-year forecast period. It is possible satisfy the growing demand, in particular, by using automated systems of conceptual design of sensors, which can reduce the design time several times. Physical principles of operation of the sensors involved in information measuring and control systems of buildings are quite diverse. In this article, it is proposed to use a modified energy-information method for the conceptual design of sensors, invariant to the physical principle of operation. The possibility of using the operator method for the calculation and study of the dynamic characteristics of the designed elements of control systems of different physical nature is shown. The architecture of the expert system of evaluation of dynamic characteristics of sensitive elements of information-measuring devices of smart home is developed.
Transport system of megalopolis and its influence on the urban environment (the example of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Tereshkina Tatiana , Verstina Natalia , Treyman Marina , Tereshkin Artyom
Published: May 2019

The transport system of one of the largest megalopolises in Russia is analysed in the article, the assessment of its transport potential is carried out and the main problems of the transport complex development, which need to be solved within the implementation of the concept of the “smart” city in St. Petersburg are revealed. The classification of the environmental impacts of functioning of the city transport system is given and the characteristic of the most significant ecologic-and-economic problems of St. Petersburg, connected with the use of the motor transport, having a special impact on the urban economic environment is given. Technique for the assessment of the impact of motor transport on the environment of the megalopolis is offered by the authors and the calculation of the Green Avto Index, characterizing the ecological situation in the districts of Saint-Petersburg, which needs to be considered when planning the urban development and the organization of traffic flows are carried out. The international experience of the application of the “intellectual” transport systems, which use will allow to accelerate the process of the creation of the platform for transition to the “smart” city in the megalopolis is considered.
Introduction of Weight-In-Motion Control System as the component of the “smart” transport infrastructure
Authors: Vasilyeva Elena
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research is to estimate the opportunities of such “smart” technology as the automated systems of Wight-in-Motion control (weight-and-dimensional control in the highways), to promote the improvement of the situation with the freight transportation by motor transport. The methods of weight-and-dimensional monitoring are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of the automated system in comparison with the traditional one are revealed. The conclusion is drawn on the cost recovery and financial expediency of the projects of introduction of Wight-in-Motion control systems. Obtaining such economic, ecological and social results as the reduction of cases of excesses of admissible mass of freight, perfecting the logistic activity in our country, collecting additional income for the regional budget, the decrease in the destroying impact on highways, the decrease in the expenses on their repair as well as providing sources for financing of such repair, the decrease in ecological harm from driving of overweighted vehicles, the increase in traffic safety, the reduction of quantity of accidents and life losses, caused by driving of the overweighted vehicles are proved.
Effect of Aluminium Powder on Light-weight Aerated Concrete Properties
Authors: Tang Van Lam , Vu Kim Dien , Ngo Xuan Hung , Vu Dinh Tho , Bulgakov Boris , Bazhenova Sophia
Published: May 2019

Light-weight aerated concrete (LAC) is produced by making LAC involves the addition of a gas-forming admixture like aluminium powder (AP) to a wet mortar mixture. In concrete during curing, AP will react with the calcium hydroxide in the mixture to form hydrogen. The amount of gas-forming is dependent on the mechanical properties requirements. The aim of the current work was to investigate the properties of aerated concrete (AC) containing 30% fly ash and various AP content, including dry density, porosity and modulus of elasticity, as well as strengths of test specimens. The results of this study showed that when AP content increased, the density of AC decreased, but its porosity increased. Whereas an increase in the amount of AP caused a decrease in both the compressive strength, tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity of ACspecimens. The investigation of newly modified AC through combination of local by-product in Vietnam would decrease the content of Portland cement was used and as well as reduce the amounts of ash and slag TPP as well as industrial waste thrown at a landfill. Therefore, assisting the thermoelectric power plants to be more environmentally friendly in the future.
Composition and rheological characteristics of plaster mixtures
Authors: Asamatdinov Marat , Shokodko Ekaterina , Ushakov Andrey , Bessonov Igor , Kozlov Sergey , Zhukov Artem
Published: May 2019

The applying of local building materials is an effective contribution to the savings of mineral resources, which are used for the production of basic building materials. Clay and gypsum compositions are the local raw materials in many regions of the country and some neighboring countries. The article discusses the method for determining the clay fraction in the clay and gypsum composition, as well as the method for assessing the rheological characteristics of the plaster mixtures for interior work based on clay and gypsum binder. It was established that the content of the clay fraction in the studied clay and gypsum composition is in the range of 30–32%. Plaster mixtures based on clay and gypsum binder can be considered as optimal compositions under the following conditions. The grade of mobility is not less than PK3 (8–12 cm) in cone penetration test, the ultimate shear stresses in the first seconds of the thixotropic hardening ensure no runoff for the adjusted thickness of the applied layer. With the mentioned mobility, the “creeping” on the concrete surface is 10% and less, and the “creeping” on the brick surface is no more than 5%. The allowable water-solid ratio is 0,46–0,50.
Grain size distribution of aggregates of crushed concrete
Authors: Fomina Natalya , Polyanskiy Mikhail
Published: May 2019

The results of studies of recycling aggregates obtained by crushing concrete scrap are presented. The heterogeneity of the material received as a result of crushing concrete scrap, complicates the task of selecting the fractional composition of aggregates. The presence of the mortar component in recycled aggregates significantly increases their water demand. This indicates the expediency of their use in a mixture with natural ones. This work aimed at optimizing the granulometry of recycling rubble and sand. Concrete scrap was used for the research. It was represented by destroyed samples of heavy concrete cubes. Standard methods for determining the grain composition and properties of aggregates of concrete, manufacturing and testing mortar mixes were used. It has been shown that recycling rubble of the 5-20 mm fraction has a minimum voidness when it contains 35% of the 5-10 mm grains and 65% of the 10-20 mm grains, which is close to the ratio of these fractions in the initial crushing product. Therefore, it is advisable to use recycling rubble fractions of 5-20 mm without separation into fractions. The rather high content in the recycling sand of grains with a particle size of more than 0.63 mm indicates the feasibility of using it in a mixture with natural fine and very fine sand. A grain-optimized mixture of natural very fine sand (46% of the total mass of mixed sand) and coarse fractions (0.63–5 mm) of recycled sand (54%) is proposed. Should be considered that recycled sand has increased water demand.
The concept of reliability-oriented accounting of leaks in gas supply systems
Authors: Gnezhdilova Olga , Malysheva Anna , Gagulina Anna , Ovsienko Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

The concept of reliability-oriented maintenance of gas distribution networks is substantiated. Performed an analytical review of works of leading scientists in the field of the theory of gas supply of individual household. It has been established that the question of control and to prevent gas leaks remains relevant now. It is proved, that for engineering systems use gas for domestic purposes, also the greatest risk are low-intensity gas leaks, that hardly controlled by hardware due to accounting errors. An algorithm is presented for vulnerability assessment elements engineering gas supply systems for leaks. The mathematical model for the evaluation of measuring error of parametric parameter of gas flow in the system. The technique for monitoring the tightness of gas systems engineering with the rationale for selecting the method of evaluation of error results.
Innovative health and safety standards is a sustainable development performance for the construction sector of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sultanov Takhir , Nurimbetov Ravshan , Zikriyoev Azizbek
Published: May 2019

Due to high level of agglomeration many innovative standards are being implemented in industry sectors of the world countries. Ensuring the safety of the environment and the human production is an urgent task of modern civilized societies. Especially, it plays a great role in construction industry since many building processes become based on hi-technologies and extreme engineering atmosphere. Naturally, high probability of risks and hazard might cause in and out of the construction site during the working hours occur major accidents. Only way is reaming optimize and implement of international standards on Health and Safety Law at work affects human, financial and environmental factors of the country. The main objective purpose of the paper is reducing injures and accidents at construction industry and implement recent modern legislation system in Uzbekistan. It helps for contribute finishing construction projects on time, on budget and on high quality standards with zero rate accident regulation. Although, health and safety theories are important for the prevention of accidents scientifically with a little in-depth knowledge on their outcomes and processes. This research deals with this gap by using methodology on occupational safety standards in construction sites.
Forecast of magnitude post-subsidence compaction at the building on slow-subsidence of loess soils
Authors: Olyansky Yuri , Shekochihina Evgeniya , Kalinovsky Sergey
Published: May 2019

Studies of loess subsidence soils under conditions of their long-term soaking and water filtration were performed. A set of predictive factors characterizing the composition and properties of loess soil responsible for its long-term deformation during soaking is revealed. A method of predicting the value of post-shrinkage compaction based on probabilistic analogies using the Bayes formula is proposed.
The design model of reinforced concrete beam formed by the field of cracks directions
Authors: Kurnavina Sofia , Tsatsulin Ilya
Published: May 2019

Now the design of reinforced concrete constructions for static and dynamic loads with regard to the elastoplastic resistance diagrams of materials is widely used. The model of a reinforced concrete beam is proposed, which consists of trapezoidal elements formed by the field of cracks directions. The theoretical angle of inclination of a crack at any point of a beam has been determined on the basis of minimum of external load, necessary for its formation, which has been obtained from the equation of energy balance. The deflections of each point of a beam have been obtained by solving a differential equation of motion at each step the account. The strains in any fiber of normal and inclined sections have been determined according to the hypothesis of bilinear sections. The stresses in concrete and reinforcement have been obtained with the help of the variable elastoplastic stress-strain curves «σ-ε». The failure mechanism of a beam has been determined on a basis of the transverse to longitudinal force ratio in compressed area of concrete. The internal forces have been determined with the help of numerical section height integration of stresses and from the equation of balance of elements above the crack.
Estimation of influence of heat-conducting inclusions on thermal protection of filler constructions of buildings
Authors: Kiselman Andrew , Portnyagin Denis , Ibe Ekaterina , Shibaeva Galina
Published: May 2019

Article represents recommendations on decrease in heat losses through heat-conducting inclusions of filler constructions of buildings. Recommendations are based on the analysis of calculations by a finite element method in software package Elcut. The purpose consists in the analysis of expediency of replacement of a steel reinforcement on glass composite reinforcement in design decisions of filler constructions in view of calculation of thermal fields. The way of decrease in the factor of cold bridges is researched by replacement of a steel reinforcement by glass composite reinforcement. It is analysed constructive units: fastenings of facing verst to a diaphragm of rigidity; adjunctions of an external wall to a column. On a result efficiency of replacement of a steel reinforcement on glass composite reinforcement in filler constructions of walls is revealed, and also results of calculation of thermal losses of design decisions of filler constructions of a building are resulted.
Considerable cracking in the foundation slab in a multi-storey underground garage
Authors: Maj Marek , Kowalik Tomasz , Ubysz Andrzej
Published: May 2019

Multilevel underground garages are often an ambitious geotechnical task in urban agglomeration. Lower levels of foundation slabs are often located below the groundwater level, which requires effective protection of the structure against groundwater invasion. The constructor’s task is to design slabs and walls so that no cracks will form to allow groundwater infiltration. In practice, this requires the development of a correct recipe for concrete; moreover, all factors affecting the total state of normal and tangential stresses as well as technologies allowing for correct execution of the facility must be considered. Additionally, long-term destructive factors ought to be taken into account. The article presents problems that arose during the use of an underground garage, which occurred as a result of failure to take into account at the design stage some rheological processes, as well as the assessment of the possibility of using the facility despite the damage.
Bearing capacity of steel thin-walled profiles in reliability assessment
Authors: Korsun Natalia , Prostakishina Daria
Published: May 2019

The increasing use of light steel thin-walled structures is determined by the efficiency of the production of cold-formed profiles. However, there are problems of calculating the reliability of thin-walled structures. In particular, it is necessary to specify the calculation of the generalized bearing capacity of an element from a thin-walled profile. Such an element is significantly affected by the initial geometric imperfections reducing its bearing capacity. At the same time the element is influenced by an uneven distribution of the mechanical characteristics of the steel over the section of the profile. A thin-walled element of paired sigma profiles with a section height of 300 mm was taken as the object of study. This paper presents the results of the calculation of the effective characteristics of a thin-walled profile operating under axial compression with bending without and with the initial geometric imperfections (additional eccentricity from the element’s initial curvatures). Besides, the paper reveals the results of laboratory studies of the distribution of the mechanical properties of steel over the cross section of a thin-walled profile after using direct and indirect test methods.
Load Bearing Capacity Calculation of the System “Reinforced Concrete Beam – Deformable Base” under Torsion with Bending
Authors: Dem’yanov Alexey , Kolchunov Vladymir , Iakovenko Igor , Kozarez Anastasiya
Published: May 2019

It is presented the formulation and solution of the load bearing capacity of statically indeterminable systems “reinforced concrete beam – deformable base” by spatial cross-sections under force and deformation effects. The solution of problem is currently practically absent in general form. It has been established the relationship between stresses and strains of compressed concrete and tensile reinforcement in the form of diagrams. The properties of the base model connections are described based on a variable rigidity coefficient. It is constructed a system of n equations in the form of the initial parameters method with using the modules of the force (strain) action vector. The equations of state are the dependences that establish the relationship between displacements which are acting on the beam with load. Constants of integration are determined by recurrent formulas. It makes possible to obtain the method of initial parameters in the expanded form and, consequently, the method of displacements for calculating statically indefinable systems. The values of the effort obtained could be used to determine the curvature and rigidity of the sections in this way. It is necessary not to set the vector modulusP, the deformation is set in any section (the module is considered as an unknown) during the problem is solving. This allows us to obtain an unambiguous solution even in the case when the dependence M–χ has a downward section, i.e one value of moment can correspond to two values of curvature.
The conditions for occurrence of critical flow regime of water in the open stream
Authors: Bryanskaya Yuliya , Ostiakova Aleksandra
Published: May 2019

For the solution of engineering problems require increasingly accurate estimates of the hydraulic characteristics of the water streams. To date, it is impossible to consider sufficiently complete theoretical and experimental justification of the main provisions of the theory of turbulence, hydraulic resistance, channel processes. The composition of tasks related to flows in wide channels, turbulence problems are of scientific and practical interest. Various interpretations of the determination of the critical Froude number in wide open water flows based on observations and theoretical transformations are considered. The conditions for the emergence of a critical regime of water flow in an open wide channel are analyzed in order to estimate the critical Froude number and critical depth. Estimates of the critical Froude number for laboratory and field conditions are given. The estimations allow us to consider the proposed approach acceptable for determining the conditions of occurrence of the critical flow regime. The General, physical interpretation of conditions of occurrence of the critical regime of water flow on the basis of phenomenological approach is specified. The results take into account the values of the components of the total specific energy of the section. This shows the estimated calculation. The results obtained theoretically make it possible to compare the above interpretations and determine their applicability, and the results of the analysis can be useful for the estimated calculations of flows in channels and river flows in rigid, undeformable boundaries and with minor channel deformations.
Experimental studies of the air flow power action on the elements of protective mats
Authors: Umahseva Maria , Bryanskaya Yuliya , Bazhin Pavel
Published: May 2019

The results of experimental studies to determine the coefficients of aerodynamic resistance in the flow of flexible protective concrete mats located on a horizontal plane are presented. The characteristics of the impact of the power flow on the system of flexible protective mats of various modifications in the aerodynamic laboratory of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering are specified. The experiment was carried out on a subsonic wind tunnel with an open loop using a rigid six-axis force and moment sensor. According to the results of the experiment, it was concluded that the resistance coefficient for the modification of mats with rounding of the upper part of the elements decreases. It has a positive effect on the performance characteristics of this model and increases the lifespan of a structure protected by this modification of coatings.
Pre-design inspection of the long-term operation lock
Authors: Frishter Lyudmila , Isaikin Alexander
Published: May 2019

For hydraulic structures of long-term operation, assessments of operating life, limit states and safety of structures are required. The design of reconstruction, restoration of functional parameters of structures is preceded by pre-design inspections of the structure. The relevance of pre-design inspections is the need to assess the characteristics of technical and operating state of the structure, to describe reasons for deviations from design parameters of operation, to obtain recommendations to justify the design of reconstruction, restoration or repair of structures. This article presents the results of a pre-design inspection of a high-pressure lock on the Ufa River. An analysis of the complex of effects on the stress-strain state of the structure, static calculation of the lock chamber wall is carried out considering design changes during the operation period – installation of additional buttresses, vibrodynamic inspection and calculation. The obtained calculation results are compared with data of instrumentation equipment. The purpose of the inspection is to obtain a preliminary design assessment of technical state of the hydraulic structure – lock, including an assessment of the possibility of further operation. The practical significance of the paper is determined by the fact that the results obtained can serve as baseline data for a design of reconstruction, restoration of a hydraulic structure and recommendations for ensuring its long-term safe operation.
Study of the process of cultivation in soil fertile irrigation canals
Authors: Fatxulloev Alisher , Gafarova Aziza
Published: May 2019

The article focuses on increasing the efficiency of soil fertile irrigation canals. The useful coefficient of the channels depends on many factors (such as the type of soils constituting a canal, the water-carrying capacity of the canal, the hydraulic elements of the canal and the operational condition), their joint study will enable to define the actual beneficial coefficient of the channel. The article also analyzes the methods for filtering leading researchers for filtering processes in soil-leach irrigation canals and compared the computational methods presented in the regulatory documents and analyzed based on the results of the analysis. The article focuses on natural-field conditions in the study of soil-water dynamics and filtration processes in natural conditions in determining the coefficient of usefulness in soil-leach irrigation canals. At the same time, filtration processes are directly related to the change (increase or decrease) of the water level, which in some cases changes rapidly. The article has developed a graph of determination of the useful coefficient of value depending on the water level of the channel by measuring-monitoring of hydrotechnical, hydrogeological and hydrometric methods in various methods of filtration processes in soil-sprinkling irrigation canals. With the help of the developed graphs, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the channel’s useful coefficients in soil-leach irrigation canals has been identified. The recommendations developed within the article provide a good effect on the management of water resources in irrigation canals and water conservation in meeting the water demand of consumers.
Hydraulic calculation of horizontal open drainages
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Otaxonov Maqsud , Samiev Luqmon , Akmalov Shamshodbek
Published: May 2019

In article analysed the factors influencing the hydraulic processes which arise in the open horizontal drainage systems. Open drainages plays important role in order to improve the ameliorative condition of the agricultural area, salt washing on the soil. It is emphasized that the deep drainage in our region has a good effect on the soil condition and salt removing. At present, efforts are being made to improve the productivity of the collectors to clean and built. As example the collector drainage systems in Syrdarya region are listed. It is observed that the motion mode of open drainage flows is physically identical. Due to the complexity of equations in the unstable motion mode, the drainage water flow scheme in the collectors reflects the hydraulic calculation of the movement. Researches were provided in open agricultural drainage system of Syrdarya region and analysis have been done in natural field conditions. It has been noted when slope of the drainage bed is equal to i<0,0005 intensity of deformation were very high, when slope was between 0,0005<i<0,0011 intensity of deformation of collector bed was equal to the minimum level. In this article provided hydraulic calculation for Syrdarya region drainage system for choosing dynamical stable shape of bed. Those hydraulic calculations and projections ensure collectors with long time period of exploitation condition. Calculation and analyses were done with taking account trapezoidal capacity of the stream in drainage system, and the results of studies on increasing the flow efficiency are reflected. Analysed that when slope will increase until 20% discharge capacity will increase because of high average flow velocity increased by 7-8 times and discussed difference of them. As a result of the hydraulic calculation, the slope of the drainage increased from i-0,00048 to i-0,0006, the fact that the flow capacity increased by 25% due to the increase because of flow velocity.
Mathematical model of vibrating air pump unit
Authors: Bekchanov Fakhriddin , Ergashev Rustam , Mavlanov Tulkin , Glovatskiy Oleg
Published: May 2019

Based on the laws of classical mechanics, in particular, the law of conservation of momentum, the paper describes the developed mathematical model of signal propagation during vibration diagnostics. At the beginning, the problem of signal propagation was investigated, which was reduced to solving the problem of wave propagation. According to the analysis of experimental results investigated, that the attenuated nature of the signals must be taken into account. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed, which allows to solve the problem of the propagation of damped signals. Comparative analysis allows to conclude that the constructed model is adequate.
Application of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration techniques at municipal drinking water facilities
Authors: Pervov Alexei , Nguyen Xuan Quyet
Published: May 2019

Main disadvantages of state of the art membrane techniques are discussed with respect to the problem of concentrate disposal. Possible ways to improve conventional membrane techniques and to radically decrease the number of effluents discharged are proposed. Application of newly developed “open channel” membrane modules that do not contain “dead” areas enables us to develop and implement into practice new techniques to reduce and even utilize concentrates of membrane units. Experiments demonstrated a possibility to reduce concentrate flow due to deposition of excessive calcium as calcium carbonate on seed crystals in the reactor. Flow diagrams for different cases of natural water composition are described and discussed that demonstrate newly developed techniques to produce drinking quality water using reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane facilities with high recoveries.
Double-arm steel connector of glass façades
Authors: Major Izabela , Major Maciej , Respondek Zbigniew
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a numerical analysis of a steel double-arm connector, according to the authors’ solution, designed for fixation of glass façades. The analysis was carried out in order to obtain a distribution of stresses and displacements, on the basis of which global displacements and maximum stresses were determined. An additional element of the solution was the use of the M8 bolt, as a linking element of the steel walls of both arms. The numerical simulation was performed using the ADINA program, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). The dynamic effect of wind gusts on the glass façade was assumed, taking into account both wind pressure and suction. The adoption of a rectangular element of the glass façade causes an unfavorable load distribution at the connection point. The conducted research allowed to determine displacements and stresses in a steel connector made of S355JR steel. The applicability of the proposed solution for glass façades with a height of up to 100 m has been demonstrated.
Process development for punching extruded PC based materials in cable duct production
Authors: Noller Sebastian Friedrich , Pfennig Anja , Heiler Roland
Published: May 2019

Burr and film formation occurring when punching polycarbonate/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) cable ducts is a common problem during manufacturing of cable ducts. However, little knowledge on base materials, their thermal and mechanical behavior as well as their initial processing and finally behavior during cable duct manufacturing is available. Therefore, to improve process reliability and gain knowledge on mechanical and failure behavior necessary initial investigations focus on cable duct usage, different geometric types, polymer materials and the punching process itself. Optical analysis on punched PC/ABS cable duct with burr and film formation and corresponding punch led to definition of the test tool’s geometry for subsequent tests. Since the punching process directly influences burr and film formation, it was necessary to design a demo-tool to observe the burr and film origin. Tensile tests at different test speeds focus on in-situ mechanical behavior using coupons taken from industrial cable ducts made of mineral reinforced polycarbonate (PC) and PC/ABS including further additives that are generally used in industry. First results indicate that higher test speeds appear to reduce the influence of the different admixtures on the elongation behavior of PC based materials.
The method of magnetic coercimetry and its application to assess the residual life of lifting equipment
Authors: Popov Boris , Evdokimov Sergei , Leonova Olga , Sokolov Yury
Published: May 2019

Material fatigue damage accumulation is recognized as one of the least inspectable and controllable operational damage mechanisms of crane structures. The scope method measures electro-magnetic properties of steels being in service, to assess their relative changes induced by the fatigue damage accompanying microstructural effects. The authors’ theoretical and experimental research suggested that the most relevant magnetic parameter to measure is the coercive force Hc, which is a characteristic of ferritic steels’ magnetization-demagnetization hysteresis loop. The authors proposed and developed a correction factor to normalize changes in Hc for various carbon steel thicknesses in the practical range from 5mm to 20mm, and drawn the coercive force nomograms which quantify the extent of damage for typical structural steels used in cranes. This research provided a scientifically justified basis for structures remnant resource assessments. Application of the Coercimetric method contributes into the risk control and promotes industrial safety in lifting equipment operations. The method itself can be practically useful for resolving integrity management challenges in a wide range of industries.
New green roof and green wall systems for implementation in the coverings
Authors: Korol Elena , Shushunova Natalia , Rerikh Stepan
Published: May 2019

In this article, the approaches to the application of evaluation systems for green buildings to the processes of modeling and designing green infrastructure in the development of the management mechanism of the urban environment, the problems of using green roof technologies are reviewed. The implementation of new green roof and green wall systems requires the accumulation of parametric data for variability in the selection of rational decisions. This study presents new green roof and green wall technologies and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings. The study applied the methods of comparative analysis of various options for roofing systems, including landscaping, based on the principles of labor and time savings. The comparison is made of the various indicators of the labor intensity of the covering device, using methods of structural-functional modeling. On the graphical models the identification of the structural separate layers of the roof structure is shown, which clearly represents the variable model according to various indicators of labor intensity. This research presents the new green roof and green wall technologies for implementation in the coverings and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings, which designed for simple cost-effective installation and modern urban design flexibility.
Sealing mastics for road surfacing in Siberian regions
Authors: Vasilovskaya Galina , Berseneva Maria , Klinduh Nadezhda , Terekhova Irina
Published: May 2019

This paper provides the results of the studies of polymer-bitumen sealing compounds for sealing seams and cracks in asphalt con-crete road. The polymers used were waste from Krasnoyarsk factories (rubber-fabric and butyl-rubber crumbs) and Tomsk factories (polyethylene waste and atactic polypropylene). Here we formulate the basic require-ments for sealing compounds applied in the Siberian regions. An experi-ment has been carried out with the use of the planning method, we pre-pared the compounds and determined their basic properties, as well as plot-ted the isolines of the compounds’ properties depending on the proportion-ing of mineral powder and polymer waste. Based on the analysis of the iso-lines and comparing the properties with the requirements, we selected the optimal compositions of the prepared sealing compounds and defined their core indicators. As a result of the research, the mastic based on butyl-rubber crumbs was chosen as the one meeting all the requirements by all the indicators. This paper reflects the results of the test surveys on pouring cracks in the road surface of Krasnoyarsk. The developed sealing com-pound has been adopted in production on the roads of Krasnoyarsk Territo-ry.
Safety in construction in the field of investment in urban infrastructure
Authors: Lyapuntsova Elena , Belozerova Iulia , Drozdova Ilona , Korol Oleg
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to review the theoretical foundations and practical examples of investor assessment with an integrated approach to the development of urban infrastructure. The article analyzes the conditions for reducing the investment costs of projects. For this purpose, methods of clarifying the conceptual apparatus, classification, systematization and an integrated approach are used.

The significance of an investment project depends on its positive influence on at least one of the external or internal markets: material and financial products, services and labor, on the social environment and the environment. Examples are provided of the impact on urban planning and the ecology of the urban landscape of investment projects in the field of tourism in recent years, implemented at the expense of the Federal Target Program “Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russia for 2011-2018.” in Sarapul, Barnaul and Cherepovets. The authors conclude that in the examples cited there is a relationship between the risk tolerance of the project and the complexity of the approach to its implementation, and as a result, the amount of investment. Large projects are designed not only to solve specific problems of the investor, regions, economy, state and society, but also ensure the profitability of the state budget at various levels, create new jobs, ensure GDP growth in the country and investment in various sectors, create conditions for the development of the country’s regions. The narrowly focused investment projects are fraught with great risks for the investor due to the selectivity and limited scope of the manifestation of effects.
Development of construction waste management
Authors: Aleksanin Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

Improvement of building materials, optimization and development of technological processes of construction production require the development of promising areas of research to improve the efficiency of management of construction waste, which will provide economic and environmental benefits. The article provides statistical data on the volumes of formation and processing of construction and demolition waste, confirming the relevance and need for attention to the area of construction waste disposal. To improve the efficiency of construction and demolition waste management processes, it is proposed to create specialized centers that perform specific functions of coordinating material and information resources, which will track and coordinate the entire life cycle of waste from the source of education to the place of disposal or recycling. To improve the efficiency of processes for optimizing the management of construction waste, it is proposed to attract to them the organizational, economic and technological capabilities of private business.
A study of using solar energy to cure concrete bricks
Authors: Dinh Thien Bach , Vinh Long Hoang
Published: May 2019

Use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, etc. are important solutions in the trend for sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to build tunnels using solar energy to cure concrete bricks at saturated steam condition. Heat supply system and temperature monitoring of the tunnels consists of three main parts: solar thermal collector to heat water, heat trapping structure, and temperature measurement system with internet connection. The test operation of tunnels in industrial scale was conducted at a factory in Ho Chi Minh City. The results show that it can achieve temperatures above 50°C met curing requirements of concrete bricks. This can confirm the feasibility to use solar energy curing concrete bricks in plants with areas corresponding climatic conditions.
Étude de l’influence de la plasticité du sol sur la transmission des mouvements du sol affectant l’interaction sol-structure
Authors: El Kahi Elio , Deck Olivier , Khouri Michel , Mehdizadeh Rasool , Rahme Pierre
Published: May 2019

De nombreux bâtiments peuvent être endommagés par des mouvements de terrain associés à des excavations souterraines, des tunnels, des mines ou des excavations en milieu urbain. L’évaluation du mouvement du terrain transmis au bâti est alors l’une des préoccupations majeures et la plasticité du sol peut avoir une influence significative sur le comportement de la structure dû à l’interaction sol-structure (ISS). Le but de cette étude est d’étudier le comportement d’une structure existante assise sur un sol soumis à un mouvement de terrain en tenant compte de la plasticité du sol. Une approche analytique, associée à une résolution numérique, est appliquée pour examiner l’effet du comportement non linéaire du sol, basée sur un modèle élasto-plastique modifié de Winkler. Les résultats révèlent l’influence de la prise en compte d’un comportement élasto-plastique sur l’évaluation de la transmission des mouvements du terrain. Ils montrent la différence de la réponse de la structure, selon que le sol est élastique ou élasto-plastique, ce qui affecte directement la prévision des dommages structurels. De plus, une nouvelle corrélation est proposée pour évaluer la réponse structurelle en tenant compte des paramètres d’ISS pour un sol élasto-plastique.
Framework of models for selecting manufacturing processes and associated parameters for surface topographies
Authors: Rosa Benoit , Bigerelle Maxence , Brient Antoine , Samper Serge
Published: May 2019

Choosing appropriate manufacturing processes to create functional surfaces is a challenging issue for some industrials. A specific surface finish can be obtained by different manufacturing processes, each of them having a different economic impact. Currently, no tool could guarantee the surface function through the choice of a manufacturing process and its associated operating parameters. This paper aims at discussing about a framework of models for selecting conventional or innovative manufacturing processes and their associated parameters with regards to surface topographies and textures. To achieve this, a concept of decomposition of database is introduced. Manufacturing processes such as, electro discharge machining, water jet machining (used for texturing surfaces), sandblasting and laser cladding are modelled. Finally, a concept that links such a database with computer aided design (CAD) software in order to integrate surfaces functionalities and manufacturing processes directly into the design step is discussed.