bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Industrial Noise Reduction Achieved with a Green Barrier: Case Study
Authors: Cobo Dorado Martha , Rodríguez Milan Gissell , Elizabeth González Alice
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, a case study is presented on the evaluation of acoustic performance of a tree barrier. It is a eucalyptus barrier that was planted as a visual barrier to block an industrial plant. First, the depletion law of sound pressure levels (SPL) of the source was analyzed; a linear divergence was found. A calculation scheme similar to that of ISO 9613-2 was applied. When comparing the SPL measured at a specific receiver with the results of propagating the SPL from the source without considering the existence of the barrier, an extra attenuation of 12 dB appeared, reinforcing the idea that the plantation behaves as an acoustic barrier. Four different calculations were used to obtain its insertion loss (IL), including general equations and expressions developed for green barriers. The best fit was obtained using equations for solid barriers, although it was not the expected result. This finding could be explained by the great distance between the source and the receiver. It opens the possibility of successfully using IL prediction equations for solid acoustic barriers (both thin and thick) to estimate the acoustic performance of green barriers, at least under conditions similar to those of this case study.
Owls Used as Food and Medicine and for Witchcraft in Africa
Authors: Mikkola Heimo
Published: December 2022

Wildlife has been used throughout the world since ancient cultures as food or medicine as well as heralds of events and in magic or witchcraft activities. Owl belief interview studies were undertaken in 20 African countries between 1996 and 2002. A total of 794 interviewed people reported reasons for 333 owl killings. In 17 percent of the cases, owls were killed because they represent an omen of death or disaster. In 16 percent of cases, owls were killed for food. Particularly in war-stricken countries, owls are often eaten, like in Sierra Leone, where 41 percent of owl killings were simply for food. Unfortunately, non-selective eating also hits badly some very rare species like the Anjouan Scops Owl (Otus capnodes), Grande Comore Scops Owl (Otus pauliani), Mohéli Scops Owl (Otus moheliensis), and Rufous Fishing Owl (Bubo ussheri). In Africa, owls and their body parts are also used for traditional medicine, representing 6 percent of killings. There are tens of ways how the owls are or have been used as traditional medicine. In recent times, many of these practices have fallen away or substitutes have been found, but some of the traditional uses persist because people believe they work. Primarily, owls were killed for magic and witchcraft, explaining 28 percent of the reported cases. Six interviewed witch doctors admitted that they had used owls for bewitching and even killing people often combining owl parts with poisonous plants and a lot of magic. Now, some of them said that owls should not be used for killing, because the victim suffers too much when death can take four weeks or more. By using lion, leopard, or even snakes and crocodiles, death is instant. The haunted house story from Mozambique is an example of how extreme owl superstitions still affect many people’s lives in Africa.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of Uterine Cervix with Disseminated Involvement of Lower Genitourinary Tract
Authors: Shiravani Zahra , Robati Minoo , Ariafar Ali , Safaei Akbar , Hajisafari Tafti Mojgan , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Primary malignant melanomas (MM) of the female urogenital tract are extremely rare and aggressive neoplasms. The majority of these neoplasms occur in postmenopausal women, originate from the vulva and vagina, and involvement of the uterus, cervix, and ovary is exceedingly uncommon. Case Presentation: We presented a patient with MM of the uterine cervix, first diagnosed with a punch biopsy of the lesion, which was distributed from the cervical mass to the vestibule and labia minor. She underwent anterior pelvic exenteration. Pathology evaluation revealed primary MM of uterine cervix in FIGO stage III. She received adjuvant treatment with radiation and immunotherapy. On her fallow up 1 year after her disease diagnosis, she is still alive without evidence of distant metastasis. Conclusions: When feasible, pelvic exenteration offers appropriate initial management in cervical MM.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 47-item Mobility Questionnaire in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Noori Mansour , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Vahedi Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a developmental-neurological disorder that is common in children. As children with CP have several problems and limitations regarding locomotion and mobility, accessing an assessment tool for measuring mobility is crucial. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 47-item mobility questionnaire in Iranian children with cerebral palsy between 6 and 12 years of age in Tehran, Iran September 2019. Methods: In this psychometric study, 202 participants (84 girls and 118 boys, with a mean age of 95.92 months ± 23.73), 15 parents, and nine occupational therapists participated. A multistage sampling method was used. Content, construct, convergent, and face validity were estimated. Internal validity and test-retest reliability were studied, too. The convergent validity of MobQ was studied according to the gross motor functions classification scale (GMFCS). Results: The results showed that all items of the 47-item mobility questionnaire had a content validity higher than the minimum acceptable value (0.78 for CVR and 0.79 for CVI). Further, based on the opinions of 9 experts and 15 persons completing the questionnaire, an understandable and unambiguous questionnaire was reported regarding face validity. The evaluation of the intragroup correlation coefficient's reliability in this study also showed that ICC was 0.998 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient value was 0.996. A Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.937 was obtained to assess the convergent validity of the Persian version of the "Mobility Questionnaire" and the Gross Motor Skills Classification Scale. Conclusions: The results of this study, therefore, showed that the Persian version of the 47-item mobility questionnaire had good psychometric characteristics for children with CP between 6 and 12 years of age. Therefore, this questionnaire can be suitable for measuring children's mobility in research and clinical studies.
Une anarchiste en camisole de force. Fifi Brindacier ou la métamorphose française de Pippi Långstrump
Authors: Heldner Christina
Published: December 2022

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Comment évaluer l'expression orale au lycée?
Authors: Bauhr Maguy , Hellekant Jan
Published: December 2022

Maguy Bauhr och Jan Hellekant tjänstgör på Avdelningen för språkpedagogik vid Göteborgs universitet. Avdelningen, som leds av doc. Torsten Lindblad, ansvarar bl.a. för olika nationella språkprov. Ett av de nyare projekten har som huvuduppgift att ta fram muntilga prov i engleska för grundskolan och i engelska, franska och tyska för gymnasieskolan. Här redogör författarna för ett försök att utveckla muntliga prov i franska och drar på basis av detta några tentativa slutsatser rörande elevernas muntliga språkfärdighet.
L'imagination, la raison et l'esthétique personnelle de Rousseau dans La Reine Fantasque
Authors: Wellington Marie
Published: December 2022

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ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA MEBEL ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA MEBEL DI KECAMATAN KOTA WAINGAPU
Authors: Ina Nurti Novita Ariyanti , Hutar Alliny Namilana Rambu
Published: December 2022

Masalah penelitian ini adalah jumlah produksi produk usaha mebel yang dihasilkan terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya (2016-2019) sehingga pendapatan yang diperoleh juga ikut meningkat oleh sebab itu peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut terkait perkembangan keuntungan yang diperoleh secara jelas dan lebih pasti karena selama ini pelaku usaha mebel tidak memperhatikan biaya tetap dalam menghitung keuntungan yang diperoleh dan hanya memperhatikan biaya variabel yang dikeluarkan sehingga peneliti ingin melakukan analisis keuntungan secara mendalam untuk mengetahui perkembangan keuntungan dari usaha mebel di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana perkembangan keuntungan usaha mebel di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah berupa deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh dari 4 usaha mebel di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu mengalami perkembangan dari tahun (2017-2019).
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU KEWIRAUSAHAAN DENGAN KINERJA USAHA PANGAN LOKAL SAGU DI KECAMATAN SAPARUAN KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Far Far Risyart Alberth
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor internal, faktor eksternal dan perilaku kewirausahaan pengolah sagu dan menganalisis hubungan perilaku kewirausahaan dengan kinerja usaha industri rumah tangga sagu di Kecamatan Saparua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Saparau. Penentuan lokasi secara sengaja (purposive sampling) karena merupakan salah satu sentra produksi sagu di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Populasi (sensus) penelitian adalah pengolah sagu industri rumah tangga dengan Jumlah 60 unit usaha. Pengolahan dan analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excell 2013 dan uji statistik yaitu uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor internal pengolah sagu dominan umur berada pada kategori dewasa akhir, pendidikan formal mayoritas pada kategori pendidikan menengah, pendapatan sagu dominan pada kategori sedang. Motivasi dan pengalaman mayoritas berada pada kategori tinggi. Faktor eksternal berupa ketersediaan bahan baku sagu sangat tersedia. Dukungan pemerintah dalam kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, bantuan modal atau saprotan, dukungan promosi dan pemasaran, sikap saling membantu dan kekompakan pengolah sagu secara dominan pada kategori sedang. Tekun berusaha dan sikap mandiri pada kategori tinggi sedangkan tanggap terhadap peluang, inovatif dan berani mengambil resiko secara dominan pada kategori sedang. Kinerja usaha terlihat bahwa perluasan pemasaran, peningkatan pendapatan dan keunggulan bersaing mayoritas pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik terdapat indikator tekun berusaha, tanggap terhadap peluang, inovatif dan berani mengambil risiko memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan berkorelasi kuat dan sedang terhadap kinerja usaha indikator perluasan pemasaran, peningkatan pendapatan dan keunggulan bersaing, Indikator kemandirian berhubungan signifikan dengan perluasan pemasaran sedangkan kinerja usaha indikator peningkatan pendapatan dan keunggulan bersaing berhubungan dan berkorelasi lemah.
Manajemen Pengelolaan Warung Makan Di Wisata Waduk Gajah Mungkur Dalam Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Sendang Kecamatan Wonogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis manajemen usaha yang dilakukan para pengusaha warung makan di Obyek Wisata Waduk Gajah Mungkur Wonogiri dalam kaitannya dengan peningkatan kesejahteraannya. Adapun hasil analisis penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : (1) Para pengusaha warung makan umumnya memberikan respon positif atas penelitian yang dilakukan karena dengan adanya penelitian ini mereka mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang tata cara atau manajemen pengelolaan usaha sehingga mereka mampu menerapkan di dalam menjalankan usaha yang mereka kelola. (2) Dari 10 responden didapatkan 8 responden yang sudah menggunakan manajemen usaha secara baik di dalam mengelola usaha warung makan mereka. Walaupun masih sederhana pola manajemen yang mereka terapkan, namun dengan manajemen tersebut mereka mampu mengelola warung mereka dengan baik sehingga usahanya pun berkembang. Dan usaha mereka dapat bertahan sampai sekarang walaupun laba usaha yang didapat belum maksimal namun mampu menunjangperekonomian keluarga.(3) Sedangkan 2 orang responden usaha mereka belum dapat berkembang dikarenakan masih lemah dalam pengelolaan usaha. Manajemen yang mereka terapkan belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal.Mereka dengan mudah mengeluarkan atau membelanjakan uang dari pendapatan usaha tanpa mempertimbangkan bahwa uang tersebut adalah uang modal usaha yang mestinya diputar kembali dalam usahanya.Sehingga usaha warung makan yang mereka kelola semakin lama semakin surut.
Terobosan E-Warong (Elektronik Warung Gotong Royong) Berdasarkan UUD 1945 Pasal 34
Authors: Adi Fajarwati Kusuma
Published: December 2022

The country of Indonesia is a country of law. Based on Article 34 of the 1945 Constitution explicitly states that, "the poor and abandoned children are nurtured by the state". Bearing in mind that the purpose of the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia is to advance public welfare as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. The Ministry of Social Affairs through the Family of Hope Program (PKH) has the goal and ideals of breaking the poverty chain by paying attention to education, health and social welfare for the poor. The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a social protection program that provides non-cash assistance to Beneficiary Families (KPM) required to carry out the terms and conditions set. This program, in the short term aims to reduce the burden of Beneficiary Families (KPM) and in the long run is expected to break the intergenerational poverty chain, so that the next generation can get out of the poverty trap. The Harapan Harapan Program, which only provides non-cash assistance, has now developed into the empowerment of Beneficiary Families (KPM) to be more independent and prosperous. The implementation is by establishing E-Warong (electronic mutual cooperation stalls).The writing of this journal belongs to the category of library research. Literature study is an effort to obtain data by exploring, examining, analyzing and identifying knowledge with the problems in this writing will be studied in a juridical-normative and juridical philosophical. In addition, this writing also uses a historical approach, a political approach, a juridical-comparative approach, and a socio-legal approach. Data collection techniques in a study are quantitative or normative, namely by books, journals and the internet. E-warong breakthroughs (electronic stalls of mutual assistance) include the Small Merchant Supply Program to beneficiary families (KPM), the Healthy Cheerful Gymnastics Program, the Creative Economy Program.
Pengaruh Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBe) Terhadap Kemampuan Berwirausaha Keluarga Sangat Miskin Di Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Melinawati Devina
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBe) terhadap kemampuan berwirausaha Keluarga Sangat Miskin di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada responden yaitu anggota kelompok usaha bersama di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBe) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan berwirausaha keluarga sangat miskin.
5E Learning Cycle Strategy: Menumbuhkan motivasi siswa XI kimia dengan praktik membuat mobil-mobilan dari barang bekas
Authors: Hidayat Umi Silvy
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran 5E dalam meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam belajar kimia pada materi asam-basa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan metode wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA global Islamic Boarding School, Banjarmasin. Beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi siswa dalam belajar kimia adalah; (1) Anggapan siswa terhadap mata pelajaran kimia adalah sulit, (2) Siswa cenderung menghafal senyawa kimia tanpa tahu konsepnya, (3) Minimnya partisipasi aktif siswa dalam mata pelajaran kimia. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, disarankan menggunakan metode pembelajaran 5E yang mencakup engagement (keterlibatan), exploration (eksplorasi), explanation (penjelasan), elaboration (elaborasi), dan evaluation (evaluasi). Permasalahan yang terjadi dapat diselesaikan dengan metode pembelajaran 5E dengan dibuktikannya terjadi peningkatan pada pemilihan peminatan mata pelajaran kimia sebanyak 30 siswa, serta seorang siswa yang mendapatkan nilai 100 pada UNBK. Maka dari itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran 5E dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia.
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the 5E learning model in increasing students' motivation in learning chemistry on acid-base materials. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using observation and interview methods. This research was conducted at SMA Global Islamic Boarding School, Banjarmasin. Some of the problems faced by students in studying chemistry are; (1) Students' perception of chemistry subjects is difficult, (2) students tend to memorize chemical compounds without knowing the concept, (3) the lack of active participation of students in chemistry subjects. Given these problems, it is recommended to use the 5E learning method which includes engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation. The problems that occur can be solved by using the 5E learning method with the evidence that there is an increase in the selection of specialization in chemistry subjects as many as 30 students, as well as a student who gets a score of 100 on the UNBK. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 5E learning model can foster student learning motivation in chemistry subjects.
Pengaruh LKPD-Elektronik sistem gerak terhadap hasil belajar dan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik
Authors: Mardhatilah Rizqa , Zaini Muhammad , Kaspul Kaspul
Published: December 2022

Kemajuan teknologi menjadi salah satu potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada masa pandemi COVID-19, diantaranya LKPD elektronik (e-LKPD) dalam pembelajaran biologi untuk menuntun kegiatan pembelajaran yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan e-LKPD pada konsep sistem gerak terhadap hasil belajar kognitif produk dan kognitif proses, serta menganalisis peningkatan kapasitas berpikir kritis peserta didik pada konsep sistem gerak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment  guna melakukan pengukuran terhadap hasil belajar kognitif produk dan proses, sedangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel untuk data kognitif produk dan kognitif proses melalui teknik purposive sampling, sedangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis menggunakan kelas perlakuan dan kelas kontrol. Teknik analisis data hasil belajar menggunakan analisis kovarian dengan aplikasi SPSS 22, sedangkan data keterampilan berpikir kritis dianalisis menggunakan uji deskriptif dengan penskoran. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan dampak penggunaan e-LKPD terhadap hasil belajar kognitif produk dan kognitif proses memperoleh signifikansi yang sama (sig. 0.000), . Rata-rata skor aspek keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik menggunakan e-LKPD memperoleh kategori baik. Berdasarkan temuan ini, e-LKPD dapat menjadi alternatif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran karena terbukti peserta didik memperoleh hasil belajar dan keterampilan berpikir kritis yang baik.
Abstract. Technological progress is one of the potential benefits of the COVID-19 pandemic, including electronic LKPD (e-LKPD) in biology learning to guide suitable learning activities. This study aims to analyze the effect of using e-LKPD on the motion system concept on product cognitive learning outcomes and cognitive processes, as well as the improvement of students' critical thinking capacity on the motion system concept. This study uses a quasi-experimental method to measure the cognitive learning outcomes of products and processes, while critical thinking skills are analyzed descriptively. Sampling for product cognitive data and process through purposive sampling technique, while critical thinking skills using the treatment and control classes. The data analysis technique for learning outcomes used covariance analysis with the SPSS 22 application, while the critical thinking skills data were analyzed using a descriptive test with scoring. The study's results explain the impact of using e-LKPD on product cognitive learning outcomes and cognitive processes that have the same significance (sig. 0.000). The average score of the critical thinking skills aspect of students using e-LKPD obtained a good category. These findings prove that e-LKPD students get good learning outcomes and critical thinking skills to become an alternative in online learning activities.
Implementasi e-LKPD liveworksheets archaebacteria dan eubacteria: Pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X MIPA
Authors: Nada Qathrin , Zaini Muhammad , Ajizah Aulia
Published: December 2022

Keterampilan dalam menerapkan teknologi dan mampu berpikir kritis diperlukan oleh generasi saat ini di dunia pendidikan pada abad 21. Salah satu solusi yang perlu diuji adalah memuat indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis ke LKPD-elektronik (e-LKPD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan LKPD-Elektronik Liveworksheets terhadap hasil belajar kognitif produk, kognitif proses, dan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada konsep Archaebacteria dan Eubacteria. Penelitian ini meliputi penelitian quasi experiment untuk hasil belajar kognitif dan deskriptif untuk keterampilan berpikir kritis. Teknik analisis data hasil belajar dianalisis menggunakan analisis kovarian dengan Program SPSS 22, sedangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis melalui kategorisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LKPD-Elektronik Liveworksheets berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar kognitif produk dan kognitif proses (sig. 0,000<0,05). Penggunaan LKPD-Elektronik Liveworksheets juga berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan rata-rata mencapai kategori baik.
Abstract. The current generation needs skills in applying technology and being able to think critically in the world of education in the 21st century. One solution that needs to be tested is to load indicators of critical thinking skills into electronic-LKPD (e-LKPD). This study aims to describe the effect of using LKPD-Electronic Liveworksheets on product cognitive learning outcomes, cognitive processes, and students' critical thinking skills on the concepts of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. This research includes quasi-experimental research for cognitive learning outcomes and descriptive for critical thinking skills. The data analysis technique of learning outcomes was analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS 22 Program, while critical thinking skills were through categorization. The results showed that LKPD-Electronic Liveworksheets significantly affected product cognitive learning outcomes and cognitive processes (sig. 0.000 <0.05). Furthermore, using LKPD-Electronic Liveworksheets also involves students' critical thinking skills, with an average of achieving a good category.
Impact of Price Wars on Sales Performance of Carbonated Drinks Companies in Kenya: A Case of Highlands Drinks Limited.
Authors: Waiganjo Martin N
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study focused on examining the impact of price wars on sales performance of carbonated drinks companies in Kenya with reference to Highlands Drinks Limited.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design that gathered both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population comprised of 300 managers from different carbonated drinks companies that sell their products in Nyeri town. After employing stratified random sampling, the sample size was 90 respondents which was 30% of the target population. The study employed a questionnaire to obtain primary data whose reliability was tested through Cronbach’s alpha in which 0.789 value was obtained which was acceptable. The questionnaire return rate was 94.44%. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and presented as figures and tables for clarity. Qualitative data was used to supplement interpretation of quantitative data.

Findings: The findings showed that the days of wild growth and huge profits for Kenya’s carbonated soft drink manufacturers could be over as price war continue to intensify due to competition pressures. It was evident that refraining from price cuts would cause sale volumes of the former duopoly (Coca-Cola and a Pepsi) to plunge even further than had been experienced, given the low per capita consumption of carbonated soft drinks in Kenya. Also, the study found out that even though price cuts are an advantage of consumers, it is a disadvantage to manufacturers as it affects their profitability, which also in turn reduces taxes to government.

Conclusion: The main competing strategy employed by majority of carbonated drinks manufacturer was pricing. Pricing is one of the important decisions that need to be made by a firm and which affects its revenue and profitability.

Recommendations: The study recommends the carbonated drinks manufacturers in Kenya to adopt non price competition strategies that can be employed by business owners and sales reps to avoid a price war. These strategies include price matching, evaluating competitors, product re-branding, increasing stockists, and creative advertising.
Anyone Can Be a Researcher: The Library of Congress and Civic Engagement
Authors: Coquillon Naomi
Published: December 2022

In 2021, a national network of scholars, classroom educators, practitioners, and students published “Educating for American Democracy” (EAD), a report and roadmap designed to provide resources for teaching history and civics.The EAD argued that “our civic strength requires excellent civic and history education to repair the foundations of our democratic republic . . . many organizations outside schools play important roles in educating young people for constitutional democracy” (emphasis added).
Dinâmica da conversão de floresta e tendências climáticas na bacia do rio Madeira
Authors: Souza Vinicius Alexandre Sikora de , Rotunno Filho Otto Corrêa , Rodriguez Daniel Andres , Moreira Daniel Medeiros , Rudke Anderson Paulo , Andrade Claudia Daza
Published: December 2022

A bacia do rio Madeira constitui um exemplo de porção importante da região amazônica que se caracteriza por alta taxa de conversão de floresta em pastagens e núcleos urbanos, evidenciando transformação acelerada na cobertura e uso do solo com atividade antrópica significativa ao longo das três últimas décadas, o que configura potencial impacto quanto à modificação do comportamento climático da região. O presente trabalho busca analisar, na bacia do rio Madeira, os impactos hidroclimáticos por meio do estudo da variabilidade dos dois principais componentes do balanço hídrico e do balanço de energia na escala de uma bacia hidrográfica, nomeadamente precipitação e evapotranspiração, com destaque adicional para a temperatura, que tem servido de referência mundial para precisar e demarcar mudanças no clima, perante a sua dinâmica espaço-temporal de ocupação antrópica. Mais especificamente, analisou-se, inicialmente, o histórico de ocupação usando imagens MODIS para o período 2001-2013. Complementarmente, examinaram-se os dados de precipitação do produto satelital CHIRPS (1981-2017), de evapotranspiração determinados por meio do algoritmo SSEBop (2002-2017) via sensor que produz a imagem MODIS e ainda de temperatura de superfície do produto de satélite MODIS (2001-2017), informações tratadas como variáveis geoespaciais distribuídas na área de estudo. Extenso estudo de avaliação no que tange à identificação de existência ou não de tendências hidroclimáticas lineares na bacia do rio Madeira foi conduzido por meio do teste Mann-Kendall. Embora algumas tendências tenham sido captadas nas séries temporais analisadas, os resultados obtidos também mostraram não haver, necessariamente, face à limitada base de dados disponíveis atualmente, uma relação direta e clara entre o efeito da ocupação antrópica e o regime climático da bacia, em contraste com o quadro científico preconizado mundialmente de alerta quanto a mudanças climáticas no Antropoceno. Em parte, a alta variabilidade climática na região de estudo impõe limites para que se consiga claramente apreender e separar os sinais que podem ser atribuídos à alteração na cobertura e uso do solo dos sinais associados a mudanças climáticas que atuam em escalas espaço-temporais mais abrangentes. Nesse sentido, novos estudos sobre monitoramento de fenômenos hidrometeorológicos e hidroclimáticos com correspondentes medições em diferentes escalas devem ser incentivados para melhor compreender os processos de agregação e desagregação dos mecanismos físicos atuantes na escala de uma bacia hidrográfica.
Efeitos da Lei Florestal em áreas com diferentes tipologias vegetais na Chapada dos Veadeiros - Goiás
Authors: Godoi Emiliano Lobo de , Sousa Nayara Pereira Rezende de , Marques Marcella Ribeiro , Mendes Thiago Augusto
Published: December 2022

A legislação florestal brasileira, principal instrumento legal sobre proteção e restauração da vegetação natural, sofreu significativas mudanças nas últimas décadas. Tais mudanças afetam diretamente os biomas do país. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar se, com a edição da Lei Estadual nº 18.104, de 18/07/2013, houve alteração na composição da cobertura vegetal na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros – Goiás, no período de 2008 até 2018, que corresponde aos cinco anos anteriores e posteriores à promulgação da referida lei. Foi adotada uma metodologia quantitativa na qual as hipóteses são testadas a partir da coleta de dados, baseando-se em variáveis que possuem medição numérica. Buscou-se fazer uma análise estatística para configurar padrões de modo a comprovar ou refutar a hipótese de que a Lei Florestal afetou as diferentes tipologias vegetais na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros. Foi verificada uma tendência de redução das áreas de formação savânicas e campestre na região estudada e aumentos significativos das áreas cobertas por florestas plantadas, pastagens e agricultura. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas estatisticamente nas áreas com formação florestal.  Esses resultados apontam que a edição da Lei nº 18.104/2013 pode ter favorecido alterações nas áreas cobertas por diferentes tipologias vegetais na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros – Goiás, reduzindo áreas de formação savânica e campestre e ampliando áreas cobertas por florestas plantadas, pastagens e agricultura.
Sensitivity analysis of atmospheric phenomena models for precipitation assessment on the Paraíba do Sul River Watershed
Authors: Sales Dhiego Silva , Junior Jader Lugon , Oliveira Vicente de Paulo Santos de , Ferreira Nivaldo Silveira , Silva Neto Antônio José
Published: December 2022

This paper is aimed at performing a group of experiments to evaluate the sensitivity to cumulus and microphysics schemes, as represented in numerical simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The convective schemes of Kain-Fritsch (KF), Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ), Grell-Devenyi (GD), Grell-Freita (GF), Grell 3D (G3D), Tiedtke and New Tiedtke (NT) were tested in association with the microphysics schemes of Kessler, Purdue Lin, WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, ETA (Ferrier) and Goddard (totaling forty-nine experiments) in order to identify the combination which best represents the cumulative rainfall distribution in the Paraíba do Sul watershed. In order to evaluate the best performance experiments, they were submitted to statistical tests of bias (BIAS), root mean square error (RMSE), absolute mean error (MAE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2). Results show that combinations WSM5 and GD; Goddard and G3D; Perdue Lin and G3D; WSM5 and G3D form a group of four physical configurations statistically similar and able to predict well the mean rainfall in the Paraiba do Sul watershed. It was noticed also that the cumulus scheme has a greater weight than microphysics in rainfall simulations being GD3 the best performing.
Relações de pessoas em situação de rua com uso de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Ferreira Kamyla Alves , Hattori Thalise Yuri , Terças-Trettel Ana Cláudia Pereira , Lemes Alisséia Guimarães , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho objetivou conhecer as relações das pessoas em situação de rua com o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Estudo exploratório, realizado em Mato Grosso, Brasil, com pessoas em situação de rua. Para análise, utilizou-se a Teoria do Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. A vivência nas ruas é cercada de desafios, sociais e de saúde. O desemprego, a falta de proteção/segurança e a ausência de suporte de serviços assistenciais aumenta a vulnerabilidade para sofrerem atos de violência e terem maiores prejuízos quanto ao autocuidado. A situação de rua favorece as relações com as substâncias psicoativas e amplia as possibilidades de dependência química.
ECA, políticas culturais e participação cidadã de sujeitos de 00 a 12 anos no Brasil: uma análise sobre o Plano Nacional de Cultura e suas lacunas
Authors: Silveira Isabela Fernanda Azevedo
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões acerca dos limites relativos aos direitos infantis estabelecidos no Brasil por meio do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, que completa 32 anos de promulgação em julho. Assumindo uma perspectiva das instituições participativas estabelecidas por meio da Constituição de 88, as quais oportunizam espaços de decisão direta da sociedade civil em processos de governança determinados, focamos nos direitos culturais dos sujeitos de 00 a 12 anos inscritos no processo de elaboração, implementação, acompanhamento e análise do Plano Nacional de Cultura – PNC, vigente no decênio 2010-2020. Problematizamos acerca da não inclusão das crianças nas instâncias e instituições de participação da sociedade civil no país, ainda que tais ferramentas tenham se multiplicado em termos numéricos e de diversidade de agentes nos últimos 20 anos, e em que medida essa não participação se reflete nos resultados das políticas para crianças no bojo do próprio PNC.
Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Propeller Alloys
Authors: May Thomas P.
Published: December 2022

The test program is underway to obtain new S-n data at several mean stress level for ABS bronzes type 2, 4 and 5 plus type CA6NM stainless steel. The results at 100 megacycles will be used to compare the alloys through the use of modified Goodman diagrams. The test 200 cpm.in the sea water and extending up to 100 mc (nearly one year) duration shall provide a higher ratio of corrosion damage to fatigue damage than that obtained in short-term high-frequency testing. Heavy section castings to approximate the root section of a propeller blade are the source of material for Krouse type fatigue specimens.
Characteristics and usefulness of trunk muscle endurance tests on the Roman chair in healthy adults
Authors: Petrič Maja , Zaletel-Kragelj Lijana , Vauhnik Renata
Published: December 2022

Background

Adequate trunk muscle endurance is considered to be an important indicator of good low back stability; therefore, its assessment is needed when determining an individual’s risk for back pain. Optimal tests to assess each trunk muscle group separately are difficult to find. The objective of this study was to verify if two groups of trunk muscle endurance tests (standard and alternative) show comparable results in terms of muscle endurance ratios, holding times and rated perceived effort to perform each test.

Methods

The study was designed as a quasi-experimental repeated-measures design. There was a single group of participants who took part in two different trunk muscle endurance testing. Sixty-eight healthy adult volunteers, aged 20–45 years (31.9 ± 7.2 years), without recent musculoskeletal injury or disorder participated in the study. All participants finished the study. Trunk muscle endurance tests as tested on the Roman chair (B tests) were compared with standard tests as suggested by McGill (A tests). Each group of tests consisted of an endurance test for trunk extensors, trunk flexors, and lateral trunk muscles for left and right side. The order of tests’ performances was randomly assigned to each participant, whereby a participant did perform A and B tests in the same order. In each test of A and B the holding time was recorded and a perceived effort in each test performance was also assessed by participants. Post testing performance the four ratios of trunk muscles endurance comparison were calculated for each group of tests to determine if there is a good or poor ratio between muscles. Results of each participant were compared for trunk muscle endurance ratio calculations, holding times and rated perceived effort for A and B tests.

Results

Results showed comparable trunk muscle endurance ratios in the three ratios observed, except for the flexors:extensors ratio (AFL:EX: 1.2 (IQR: 0.7–1.6)vs. BFL:EX: 0.6 (IQR: 0.3–0.8);p< 0.001). As compared to A tests, holding times were significantly longer in B tests for the extensors (AEX: 125.5 s (IQR: 104.8–182.8 s)vs. BEX: 284.0 s (IQR: 213.0–342.3 s);p< 0.001) and lateral trunk muscles (AL-LM: 61.0 s (IQR: 48.3–80.8 s)vs. BL-LM: 131.5 s (IQR: 95.5–158.5 s); AR-LM: 63.5 s (IQR: 45.8–77.3 s)vs. BR-LM: 113.0 s (IQR: 86.3–148.8 s);p< 0.001), both were also rated as slightly easier to perform in the extensors (ARPE-EX: 13 (IQR: 12.0–14.0) vs BRPE-EX: 11 (IQR: 10.0–13.0); pRPE-EX< 0.001) and lateral muscles testing (ARPE-LM: 14.0 (IQR: 12.3–15.8)vs. BRPE-LM: 13.0 (IQR: 12.0–15.0); pRPE-LM= 0.001).

Conclusions

A and B tests are comparable in three of four trunk muscle endurance ratios, while longer holding times and lower perceived effort to perform were observed in most of the B tests. The Roman chair tests could be used as an alternative to standard tests.
Infected Pseudoaneurysm with Necrotising Fasciitis Following Femoral Artery Catheterisation
Authors: Karikkan Anilkumar Mannambeth , Ganesan Vijayan , Adakam Vinu , Sebastian Placid , Junise M
Published: December 2022

Femoral pseudoaneurysm is the most common complication of femoral artery catheterisation usually diagnosed by colour doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound-guided compression has replaced surgery to be the mainstay of therapy due to its high success rate and low complications. The present case is about a 63-year-old female, who presented with pain and swelling in the right groin. She had undergone coronary angioplasty two weeks back. She developed fever, chills, wound induration and necrosis at the puncture site. A laboratory study revealed leucocytosis, elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Ultrasound doppler showed a 4×2.8×2.7 cm pseudoaneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery with a to-and-fro flow pattern. Computed Tomography (CT) angiogram showed a large narrow neck pseudoaneurysm arising from the anterior wall of the proximal superficial femoral artery just distal to its origin. The right superficial femoral angiogram showed a pseudoaneurysm draining into a large cavity. She underwent an ultrasound-guided thrombin injection of the pseudoaneurysm. A thrombus was formed in the superficial femoral artery after thrombin injection and thrombosuction was done. The necrotic tissue was excised and skin grafting was done after the wound healed.
Prevalence of Ocular Manifestations and Visual Impairment among Pre-employment Screening Candidates at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ananthan Ajay Venkat , Dinesh P , Sonkamble Ashwini , Devi K Meena
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The importance of pre-employment check-ups cannot be understated. Every year visual impairment causes an enormous loss of productivity running in billions worldwide. One of the major reasons for this is lack of comprehensive data on national and international levels about the prevalence of visual impairment in the working sector. Aim: To assess the prevalence of ocular manifestations and visual impairment among the pre-employment screening candidates at a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted, from March 2022 to July 2022, at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. All the pre-employment candidates who attended the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department were included in the study. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was done to all the pre-employment candidates. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2.0 was was used for the data analysis. Results: A total of 530 candidates were screened during this period, which included 325 (61.3%) males and 205 (38.6%) females. The mean age was 33.75±11.52 years. The most common ocular manifestation was refractive errors in 50 (9.81%), senile cataract in 43 (8.11%), presbyopia in 32 (5.66%) and amblyopia in 20 (3.77%) patients. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of ocular manifestations and visual impairment among visual impairment was 43.39%. This helps in early detection of ocular morbidities among preemployment candidates and appropriate and timely intervention will improve the productivity of the candidate.
Effects of Different Potting Media on the Germination and Early Growth of Newbouldia laevis. (P. Beauv.) Seem.
Authors: Anozie E. L. , Egwunatum A. E. , Ezenwenyi J. U. , Okonkwo C. I.
Published: December 2022

The research was conducted at the screen house of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria. The study was carried out from January to May 2021 to access the effect of different potting media on germination and early growth of Newbodia laevis.

Treatments were laid out in a Complete Randomize Design (CRD) with four replications. The germination parameters measured were days to germination, germination period and germination percentage while the growth variables measured includes plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves. The potting media used were T1 (topsoil and cow dung), T2 (topsoil and goat dung), T3 (topsoil and poultry dropping), T4(topsoil and sawdust), T5 control (topsoil only).

Data collected were subjected to R software, using the following packages: plyr, car, gvlma, one-way tests, user friendly science, ggplot. Results obtained indicated that T1 had the highest germination percentage (85%) followed by T2 and T3 with germination percentages of 82% and 80% respectively. T4 had the poorest germination percentage (60%). The results also showed that the treatment had direct effect on the seedling early growth; the highest mean collar girth was observed in T1 with 1.85 cm while the least was observed in T4 with 0.72 m. The highest mean height was observed in T2 with 22.15 cm while the least was observed in T4 with 7.23 cm.  Also, the highest mean number of leaves was observed in T2 with 21leaves while the least was observed in T4 with 7 leaves. Based on the findings of these experiments it is recommended that for maximum growth and optimum germination of Newbodia laevis, T1 and T2 should be used, sawdust had poor germination and growth performance and thereby is not recommended for the early growth of Newbodia laevis seedlings.
Antifeedant and Insecticidal Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Vitex negundo (L) against Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.)
Authors: Shewale V. S. , Khairmode P. V. , Lawand S. T. , Netam V. S. , Bhosale A. R.
Published: December 2022

Spodoptera litura, commonly knows as cotton leafworm, is a serious polyphagous pest causing damage to more than 150 species of host plants and it is distributed throughout the tropical and sub- tropical regions of the world including India, Japan, China and South East Asia. The chemical pesticides affect the non- target organisms and human beings, directly or indirectly. To find environmentally safe alternative there is need of considering the pesticides of biological origin to replace synthetic pesticides. Anti-insect activity check of plant extract can play important role in ecofriendly control of insect pest. Spodoptera litura is a dangerous polyphagous pest. The present work aimed to identify a natural alternative to chemical pesticides for the control of insect pests by examining a variety of factors, including larval weight, duration, antifeedant activity, and mortality. Maximum larval mortality (10.30%) was noted in Vitex negundo chloroform extract. The larval duration is much longer in the Vitex negundo chloroform and methanol extracts (10.23 days and 10.56 days, respectively) as compared to the control group. The Vitex negundo chloroform extract (59.42%) andacetone (37.68%) have the strongest antifeedant effects. In comparison to the control, the larval weight was significantly reduced in the Vitex negundo chloroform (0.391 gm), acetone (0.401 gm), and methanol extract (0.420 gm) extracts (0.621 gms).
Defending Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Undergraduate and Medical School Admission Policies
Authors: Hamilton Roy H. , Rose Suzanne , DeLisser Horace M.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint argues that reversing or restricting the use of race and ethnicity in academic admission policies could also threaten the diversity of medical schools, both directly by restricting race consciousness in medical school admission practices and indirectly by reducing the overall number of minoritized undergraduate students attending US colleges and universities who could apply to medical school.
Transforming Atrial Fibrillation Research to Integrate Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Benjamin Emelia J. , Thomas Kevin L. , Go Alan S. , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Albert Christine M. , Alonso Alvaro , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Essien Utibe R. , Hernandez Inmaculada , Hills Mellanie True , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Levy Phillip D. , Magnani Jared W. , Matlock Daniel D. , O’Brien Emily C. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Russo Andrea M. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Cooper Lawton S. , Al-Khatib Sana M.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Only modest attention has been paid to the contributions of social determinants of health to atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, diagnosis, symptoms, management, and outcomes. The diagnosis of AF provides unique challenges exacerbated by the arrhythmia’s often paroxysmal nature and individuals’ disparate access to health care and technologies that facilitate detection. Social determinants of health affect access to care and management decisions for AF, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes among individuals who experience systemic disadvantages. Developing effective approaches to address modifiable social determinants of health requires research to eliminate the substantive inequities in health care delivery and outcomes in AF.

Observations

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened an expert panel to identify major knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the field of social determinants of AF. The workshop addressed the following social determinants: (1) socioeconomic status and access to care; (2) health literacy; (3) race, ethnicity, and racism; (4) sex and gender; (5) shared decision-making in systemically disadvantaged populations; and (6) place, including rurality, neighborhood, and community. Many individuals with AF have multiple adverse social determinants, which may cluster in the individual and in systemically disadvantaged places (eg, rural locations, urban neighborhoods). Cumulative disadvantages may accumulate over the life course and contribute to inequities in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes in AF.

Conclusions and Relevance

Workshop participants identified multiple critical research questions and approaches to catalyze social determinants of health research that address the distinctive aspects of AF. The long-term aspiration of this work is to eradicate the substantive inequities in AF diagnosis, management, and outcomes across populations.