bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the association between visual impairment and income change using a national health screening cohort
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Lee Min Joung , Baek Sung Uk
Published: January 2022

We evaluated the influence of visual impairment (VI) on income change using the longitudinal database of a Korean National Health Insurance Service cohort. A total of 5292 participants ≥ 40 years old and registered as visually impaired persons were selected at a 1:4 ratio with 45,081 non-VI participants matched for age, sex, and income level. The income level of both the VI and non-VI groups increased over time. In the VI group, the income levels 3, 4 and 5 years were higher than the initial value, while the income levels from 1 through 5 years were increased each year in the non-VI group. The rate of change in income between time and VI were significant. In the subgroup analysis considering age, sex, and severity of VI, the rate of change in income were significant in < 65 years old subgroups. Regarding the severity of VI, a significant interaction was found for the mild-to-moderate VI subgroup. Although both the VI and non-VI groups showed increased income levels over 5 years, the degree of income increase in the VI group was relatively lower than that in the non-VI group. This finding was prominent in the middle-age subgroup. These results strongly suggested that VI induced an income inequality.
Assessment of patient follow-up from student-run free eye clinic to county ophthalmology clinic
Authors: Scheive Melanie , Rowe Lucas W. , Tso Hanna L. , Wurster Patrick , Kalafatis Nicholas E. , Camp David A. , Yung Chi Wah Rudy
Published: January 2022

The Ophthalmology Student Interest Group at Indiana University School of Medicine provides a free student-run eye screening clinic for an underserved community in Indianapolis. Patients with abnormal findings are referred to the ophthalmology service of the local county hospital for further evaluation. This retrospective chart review studied 180 patients referred from our free eye clinic to follow up at the ophthalmology service of a local county hospital from October 2013 to February 2020. This study investigated factors impacting follow-up of patients by analyzing demographics, medical history, insurance coverage, and final diagnoses at follow-up. Thirty-five (19.4%) of 180 patients successfully followed up at the local county hospital with an average time to follow-up of 14.4 (± 15.9) months. Mean patient age was 51 (± 13.6) with nearly equal numbers of males and females. The most common diagnoses at follow-up included refractive error (51.4%), cataract (45.7%), and glaucoma (28.6%). Patients with diabetes diagnoses or Healthy Indiana Plan insurance coverage had increased probability of follow-up. This study reveals gaps in timely follow-up to the local county hospital, demonstrating the current limitations of our free clinic in connecting patients to more definitive care and the need for an improved referral process.
Dietary shifts and social interactions drive temporal fluctuations of the gut microbiome from wild redfronted lemurs
Authors: Murillo Tatiana , Schneider Dominik , Fichtel Claudia , Daniel Rolf
Published: January 2022

Animals living in highly seasonal environments adapt their diets accordingly to changes in food availability. The gut microbiome as an active participant in the metabolization of the host’s diet should adapt and change with temporal diet fluctuations, but dietary shifts can be short-term and, hence, difficult to detect in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, we performed a longitudinal study combining repeated sampling of fecal samples with observations of feeding behavior in wild redfronted lemurs. We amplified taxonomical marker genes for assessing the bacteria, archaea, protozoa, helminths, and fungi, as well as the active bacterial community inhabiting their gut. We found that the most abundant protozoans were Trichostomatia and Trichomonadida, and the most abundant helminths were Chromadorea. We detected known members of the gut mycobiome from humans but in low abundances. The archaeal community is composed only of members of Methanomethylophilaceae. The predominant phyla in the entire bacterial community were Bacteroidota and Firmicutes while the most abundant genera harbor so far unknown bacteria. Temporal fluctuations at the entire community level were driven by consumption of fruits and flowers, and affiliative interactions. Changes in alpha diversity correlated only with the consumption of flowers and leaves. The composition of the entire and active bacterial community was not significantly different, but the most abundant taxa differed. Our study revealed that monthly changes in the bacterial community composition were linked to fruit and flower consumption and affiliative interactions. Thus, portraying the importance of longitudinal studies for understanding the adaptations and alterations of the gut microbiome to temporal fluctuations.
Development and preliminary validation of a machine learning system for thyroid dysfunction diagnosis based on routine laboratory tests
Authors: Hu Min , Asami Chikashi , Iwakura Hiroshi , Nakajima Yasuyo , Sema Ryousuke , Kikuchi Tsuyoshi , Miyata Tsuyoshi , Sakamaki Koji , Kudo Takumi , Yamada Masanobu , Akamizu Takashi , Sakakibara Yasubumi
Published: January 2022

Background

Approximately 2.4 million patients in Japan would benefit from treatment for thyroid disease, including Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s disease. However, only 450,000 of them are receiving treatment, and many patients with thyroid dysfunction remain largely overlooked. In this retrospective study, we aimed to develop and conduct preliminary testing on a machine learning method for screening patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism who would benefit from prompt medical treatment.

Methods

We collected electronic medical records and medical checkup data from four hospitals in Japan. We applied four machine learning algorithms to construct classification models to distinguish patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism from control subjects using routine laboratory tests. Performance evaluation metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) were obtained. Techniques such as feature importance were further applied to understand the contribution of each feature to the machine learning output.

Results

The results of cross-validation and external evaluation indicated that we achieved high classification accuracies (AUROC = 93.8% for hyperthyroidism model and AUROC = 90.9% for hypothyroidism model). Serum creatinine (S-Cr), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and total cholesterol were the three features that were most strongly correlated with the hyperthyroidism model, and S-Cr, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and total cholesterol were correlated with the hypothyroidism model.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the potential of machine learning approaches for diagnosing the presence of thyroid dysfunction from routine laboratory tests. Further validation, including prospective clinical studies, is necessary prior to application of our method in the clinic.
The compositional characterization and coloring mechanism of Tianqing porcelain from the Huangpu kiln based on EDXRF, SEM, and XAFS analyses
Authors: Chen Yulai , Wen Rui , Wang Lihua , Zhang Maolin
Published: January 2022

The Huangpu kiln in northern China plays an important role in studying the origination and development of Tianqing porcelain that was initially produced in the Five Dynasties.
Assessing the effectiveness of microplastic extraction methods on fishmeal with different properties
Authors: Way Chloe , Hudson Malcolm D. , Williams Ian D. , Langley G. John , Marsh Robert
Published: January 2022

Microplastic presence in fishmeal is an emerging research area because of its potential to enter food chains, and the importance of fishmeal within global food security.
Observed coupling between air mass history, secondary growth of nucleation mode particles and aerosol pollution levels in Beijing
Authors: Hakala S. , Vakkari V. , Bianchi F. , Dada L. , Deng C. , Dällenbach K. R. , Fu Y. , Jiang J. , Kangasluoma J. , Kujansuu J. , Liu Y. , Petäjä T. , Wang L. , Yan C. , Kulmala M. , Paasonen P.
Published: January 2022

Growth of nucleation mode particles, modulated by air mass exposure to anthropogenic emissions, plays an important role in pollution development.
The challenge of silanol species characterization in zeolites
Authors: Dubray Florent , Dib Eddy , Medeiros-Costa Izabel , Aquino Cindy , Minoux Delphine , van Daele Stijn , Nesterenko Nikolai , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Mintova Svetlana
Published: January 2022

The chemistry of silica-based materials, including zeolites, is strongly influenced by the nature and number of their silanols.
Cobalt doped Mo5N6 as a noble-metal-free novel cocatalyst for promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production of g-C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: Qiu Pengyuan , Hu Ruhao , Wang Xinyu , Xue Yanjun , Tian Jian , Chen Xiaobo
Published: January 2022

As one of the 2D transition metal nitrides, Mo5N6 nanosheets (NSs) have been studied because of their excellent conductivity and tunable electronic structure.
Liquid-crystalline perylene bisimide derivatives bearing an azacrown ether ring complexing with alkaline metal ions
Authors: Taga Taiki , Takaoka Shunsuke , Uemura Shinobu , Funahashi Masahiro
Published: January 2022

A polymerizable liquid crystalline perylene bisimide bearing a crown ether ring was synthesized. This compound form 1 : 1 complexes with lithium and sodium triflates, which exhibit columnar phases. Polymerized thin film indicated electrochromism in electrolyte solutions.
Catalyst-free reductions of nitriles to amino-boranes using sodium amidoborane and lithium borohydride
Authors: Peng Jiamin , Song Yuwei , Wang Yingying , Liu Zhenxing , Chen Xuenian
Published: January 2022

The combination of sodium amidoborane (NaAB) and lithium borohydride (LiBH4) (mixed at a 1 : 3 molar ratio) can efficiently reduce various nitriles into amine-boranes at room temperature without catalysts.
Bottom-up supramolecular assembly in two dimensions
Authors: Insua Ignacio , Bergueiro Julian , Méndez-Ardoy Alejandro , Lostalé-Seijo Irene , Montenegro Javier
Published: January 2022

The self-assembly of molecules in two dimensions (2D) is gathering attention from all disciplines across the chemical sciences. This perspective discusses the main strategies to direct the supramolecular self-assembly of organic monomers in 2D.
Structure-mechanics statistical learning uncovers mechanical relay in proteins
Authors: Raj Nixon , Click Timothy H. , Yang Haw , Chu Jhih-Wei
Published: January 2022

Protein residues exhibit specific routes of mechanical relay as the adaptive responses to substrate binding or dissociation. On such physically contiguous connections, residues experience prominent changes in their coupling strengths.
A concise discussion on MoS2basal plane activation toward the ennoblement of electrocatalytic HER output
Authors: Das Sarmistha , Swain Gayatri , Parida Kulamani
Published: January 2022

The activation of the chemically inert basal plane of 2H-MoS2 can be achieved by inducing pores and generating vacancies by several other techniques toward enhanced electrocatalytic HER activity.
Bottlebrush polymer gels: architectural control over swelling and osmotic bulk modulus
Authors: Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Borisov Oleg V.
Published: January 2022

Theory predicts scaling laws for the swelling degree and bulk osmotic modulus of the gel with bottlebrush strands as a function of the grafting density and polymerization degree of the side chains.
Production of jet fuel-range hydrocarbon biofuel by hydroxyalkylation–alkylation of furfural with 2-methylfuran and hydrodeoxygenation of C15 fuel precursor over a Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst: a reaction mechanism
Authors: Kunamalla Alekhya , Shrirame Bhushan S. , Maity Sunil K.
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive reaction mechanism for hydrodeoxygenation of the C15-fuel precursor, which proceeds via ring hydrogenation, ring opening, dehydroformylation, and hydrodeoxygenation reactions.
Investigation of the antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system of cell nuclei during germination of wheat embryos with different types of resistance to temperature stress
Authors: Vafina Gyulnar
Published: January 2022

The yield of agricultural crops directly depends on their ability to adapt to a constantly changing environment, the unfavorable climatic conditions of which cause oxidative stress, accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, which can cause damage to heteropolymer cell structures, thereby leading to suppression of plant growth and a decrease in productivity grains. It has been shown that the profile of the antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system in histone and non-histone blocks of structures (nucleoplasm, chromatin) of cell nuclei during germination is more pronounced in the cold-resistant variety Mironovskaya 808 (winter) compared to Mironovskaya yarovaya (spring), which correlates with the intensity of growth processes and can be associated with participation in the realization of proliferation and differentiation programs. A direct relationship between the scavenging of ROS and plant resistance to temperature stress, which is often associated with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes that impart stress resistance to both high and low temperature stress, apparently also exists at the level of the plant cell nucleus.
Ecological and phytocenotic characteristics of plant communities of Nitraria schoberi L. in Dagestan
Authors: Gadzhiataev Magomed , Abdurakhmanova Zagidat
Published: January 2022

For the first time, an ecological-phytocenotic classification of communities of Nitraria schoberi L., widespread in the territory of the Republic of Dagestan has been developed. 29 geobotanical descriptions were carried out on sample plots (SP) taking into account the floristic composition, as a result of which 7 formations, 14 groups of associations and 27 associations were identified. In the course of research, 179 species of higher vascular plants were identified in communities with the participation of Nitraria schoberi. The largest was the Nitrarieta schoberi formation with 7 groups of associations and 14 associations, in which 128 species of vascular plants grow.
The structure of variability of traits of seed productivity of Allium charadzeae Tschlok in the mountainous conditions of Dagestan
Authors: Dibirov Magomed , Alibegova Asiyat , Osmanov Ruslan
Published: January 2022

As a result of the experimental studies, results were obtained on the variability of the traits of seed productivity of the narrow-local endemic of Dagestan – Allium charadzeae under various conditions along the altitude gradient. Analysis of the data obtained revealed significant differences in the indicators of seed productivity of individuals. The actual seed productivity is significantly inferior to the potential, which indicates a low degree of realization of the potential for seed formation in mountainous conditions. With an increase in the height above sea level of the experimental plots, the absolute indicators of traits of seed productivity decrease (the number of fruits in the umbrella from 14.9 to 8.5, the number of flowers in the inflorescence from 24.7 to 12.1, the number of seeds in the umbrella from 26.6 up to 19). At the same time, the relative indicators, the percentage of fruit blossoming from 60.5 to 71.2 and the coefficient of seed production from 0.17 to 0.27 increases. As a result of the analysis of variance, a significant influence of the conditions of the year and altitude above sea level on the studied characteristics was revealed.
Influence of change in ROS production in plant cells on resistance of agricultural plants to oxidative stress
Authors: Zhuikova Olga , Yemelyanov Vladislav , Bolotnikova Olga
Published: January 2022

The paper considers theoretical data on the mechanisms of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transduction of stress signals in plant cells. The negative effects of ROS with excessive generation are described. A method of protoplast isolation and a fluorescent microscopy were selected for the experiments. Also, in this work, a comparative analysis of the production of ROS during hypoxia and reaeration for agricultural plants that are differently resistant to the described stress is carried out. Based on the results of the experimental part of the work, conclusions were drawn and the practical application of this study was described.
Use of Factor Analysis in Grain Sorghum Breeding
Authors: Starchak Viktoria , Stepanchenko Denis , Matvienko Evgeniy
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of calculating factor loads for 2015-2018 obtained by the method of principal components of grain sorghum varieties. Field studies were laid and carried out in the fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK Rossorgo. The objects of the study were grain sorghum plants of the Institute's selection, as well as samples presented by the VIR world collection. 25 economically valuable indicators in 32 samples were analyzed. The main role in selection of indicators for inclusion in the correlation model is assigned to the expert approach in assessing breeding material. Effective and combinational groupings of correlation coefficients by hypothetical factors are very important tools in solving the issue of selecting indicators in a correlation model of interrelationships of selectively valuable indicators of various plant populations. Grouping the correlation coefficients makes it possible to assess the general nature of the interaction of the indicators included in the experimental data matrix. Calculations of the loads on hypothetical factors in the experiment made it possible to identify factors whose contribution to the accumulated variance is more than 5 %.
Qualitative Characteristics of Varieties and Lines of Winter Triticale Representing Production and Breeding Interest
Authors: Subbotin Aleksandr , Stepanova Natalia , Kanevskaya Irina
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of evaluating varieties and lines of winter triticale for various indicators of grain quality, which are of great importance in production and breeding. On average, over the years of research, a higher protein content in grain was found in lines 32/4 (13.33 %) and 29/1 (13.23 %). The studied varieties and lines had a high content of good quality gluten, varying from 24.1 % (line 28/1) to 35.3 % (cultivar Bard). All varieties and lines of winter triticale, except for the Orlik variety, correspond to the first quality group.
Creation of a system for automatic monitoring of electromagnetic effects on biological and technical systems
Authors: Grabchak Evgeniy , Grigoriev Vladimir , Loginov Evgeniy
Published: January 2022

Using a digital “twin” of a convergent biological and technical supersystem of a certain region to develop measures to ensure environmental safety is because of the need to analyze and predict processes and the level of electromagnetic pollution of the environment because of geomagnetic storms in interaction with the operation of electric power facilities. The article proposes modeling a digital “twin” using indicators of the taxonomy of the identified functional relationships about the influence of natural and man-made electromagnetic fields. The study aims to develop fresh approaches to the development of methods for analyzing the influence of electromagnetic factors on people, animals, plants and technical systems using general and special technologies for recording the levels of pulsed electromagnetic effects. The authors use methods of management theory, expert decision-making methods, principles and approaches of international standards and recommendations in management, ecology and informatics. The article proposes an analysis and identification of the reactions of the digital “twin” of a convergent biological and technical supersystem of a certain region to different categories of signals (information) about the effect of a complex of electromagnetic pollutants, with the determination of indicators of environmental safety and critical electromagnetic effects. The new technology provides for the study of the amplitude of electromagnetic pulses in a wide frequency range, their interpretation, analysis and development of recommendations for maintaining the required modes of environmental monitoring. The necessity of creating new cyber-physical environmental monitoring systems based on the operation of the automatic monitoring system of electromagnetic influences based on noise-resistant sensors for registering the levels of pulsed electromagnetic influences is substantiated.
Effect of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Lecanicillium on behavioral reactions and average per-day fecundity of the predatory bug Orius laevigatus Fieber (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae)
Authors: Pazyuk Irina , Choglokova Anna , Mitina Galina
Published: January 2022

The results of studying the effect of spores and mycelium of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Lecanicillium on the behavioral responses of predatory bugs Orius laevigatus and their fecundity are provided. In a laboratory experiment, the location of the bug adults was assessed after 24 hours, as well as the average daily fecundity of females with a free choice between a bean leaf with agar (control) and a bean leaf with sporulating fungal mycelium (experiment). It was found that the neutral reaction prevailed in the behavior of the bugs. The repellent reaction of predators was caused by the mycelium of three strains: Vl 29 (L. lecanii), ARSEF 2332 (L. dimorphum), Vit 71 (L. attenuatum); the index of aggregation ranged from -40.7 to -50 (P<0.05). Strain Vl 5 (L. lecanii), index of aggregation+43.3, caused a significant attractive reaction. The strains causing a repellant reaction of bugs did not affect the average per-day fecundity of females. Only two strains Vl 72 of L. muscarium and Vl 79 of L. dimorphum caused a significant decrease in the fecundity of O. laevigatus, while the reaction of bugs to the mycelium of these strains was neutral. In the absence of a negative effect of fungi on the fecundity of bugs, the combined use of these biological agents may be promising.
The influence of barley genotype and growing conditions on zinc and cadmium accumulation
Authors: Тоvstik Evgeniya , Shupletsova Olga
Published: January 2022

Zinc and cadmium accumulation of in plant tissues of barley of the line 999-93 and of its regenerant forms resulting from cell selection was assessed. The scheme of the experiment: 1) control; 2) acidic; 3) cadmium. We used the method of inversion voltammetry to assess the share of zinc and cadmium in plant samples. To assess the share of active and total forms of zinc and cadmium in soil samples collected from root rhizosphere we used the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Barley plants accumulated zinc from 0.2 to 79.7 mg∙kg-1 of dry phytomass. The genotype of plants has little influence on zinc accumulation, and plant organs participate in equal measure in zinc accumulation. As for the soil background with cadmium excess, there is a tendency to lessening zinc absorption in all the plant organs, and it is not connected with the plant’s genotype. Unlike zinc, cadmium gets accumulated mostly in the root system. In the control background the share of cadmium in roots was 0.2–0.4 mg∙kg-1; in the acidic one – 0.2–3.6 mg∙kg-1; in the cadmium one – 5.5–9.5 mg∙kg-1. In barley grain grown on soil with excess of cadmium we did not find any IPC excess of cadmium. On backgrounds of the same acidity, the more cadmium concentration grew, the less zinc concentration in grain was, mostly it concerns the original genotype, to a smaller degree it concerns the regenerant line on the selective medium with cadmium and aluminum. Coupling accumulation of zinc and cadmium took place mostly on acidic background, it was characteristic of barley with the original genotype and the regenerant selected in vitro as cadmium-resistant; on control background coupling accumulation is characteristic of aluminum-resistant regenerant. These regenerant genotypes had a tendency to eliminating cadmium and absorbing zinc.
Application of the Chow method for evaluation of morphometric parameters of the sunflower root system
Authors: Vorotnikov Igor , Bogatyrev Sergey , Rozanov Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

When growing sunflower, great importance is provided to the issue of accumulation and preservation of moisture in deep soil horizons, which in turn affects the productivity of crops. In arid regions, providing plants with moisture is of particular importance. The technologies of conservation agriculture in relation to sunflower cultivation allow varying the depth of autumn tillage from 17 to 33 cm, which, in combination with the metered use of mineral fertilizers and considering the difference in moisture consumption for the growing season from a meter layer of soil, provide an increase in yield compared to the traditional main autumn tillage. Moreover, the ratio of income from the sale of sunflower seeds grown in an arid steppe to production costs depends on the combination of the depth of strip processing and the dose of fertilization. Wherein, in the main zones of commercial sunflower production, high yield increases are provided by the application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, which contribute to the intensive formation of underground vegetative organs, which has unlimited growth in length and positive geotropism. The article presents the results of the application of multivariate regression analysis to study the morphobiological features of formation of the root system of sunflower grown using Strip-Till technology on the experimental field of the Povolzhye Educational and Scientific Production Association of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov. The results of the morphometric assessment indicate a better development of the root system of plants in the treated strips compared to traditional types of basic tillage. To determine the limits of applicability of the piecewise linear regression model and develop practical recommendations for implementation of resource-saving potential of the Strip-Till technology in the dry steppe zone of the South-East of Russia used a reliable and sensitive criterion based on the method of J. Chow.
Primary cause of cotyledonous bacterial blight on soybean
Authors: Zelentsov Sergey , Saenko Galina , Moshnenko Elena
Published: January 2022

One of the main causes of the worldwide decrease of sowing quality of soybean seeds is a cotyledonous bacterial blight in the form of necrotic decaying spots on the outer or inner side of cotyledons. We hypothesize that there is a primary non-bacterial cause for the development of necrotic spots on cotyledons of soybean seeds. We carried out the research in 2016-2020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops on soybean seeds. Cotyledonous bacterial blight is never recorded on immature seeds of healthy soybean plants at the stages of a complete filling and the beginning of physiological maturation. But the secondary (rain) moistening of mature seeds on unharvested plants leads to the development of cotyledonous necroses and a decrease of soybean seed germination due to the subsequent necrotization of over-moistened and repeatedly dried tissues of cotyledons. The physiological mechanism of cotyledon necrosis formation is based on the secondary moistening of individual areas or whole mature seeds to a critical moisture level that initiates nucleic acid synthesis. This irreversibly activates the cell division processes of the over-moistened areas of cotyledons. Subsequent drying of seeds with over-moistened areas of cotyledons leads to their necrosis. The isolation of bacterial pathogens of various species and families in the necrotic areas of cotyledons can be explained by the secondary saprophytic infection of the over-moistened tissues already dead after secondary drying.
The role of abiotic and anthropogenic factors in the development of Alternaria leaf spot on potato plantings in the North-West of Russia
Authors: Shpanev Alexander , Smuk Vasiliy
Published: January 2022

For effective control of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses, it is important to have knowledge of the influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the population density of pests, weeds and the development of diseases. Among all the factors influencing the development of Alternaria leaf spot in potato planting in the North-West of Russia, the most significant was the influence of weather conditions (55.5%). The intense development of this illness occurred in the years with the high average diurnal temperatures in the second and third decades of June along with the high level of precipitation in the first decade of July. The contribution of mineral nutrition and the integrated plant protection system turned out to be unequal, which accounted for 9.6 and 0.9%. At the same time, in some years, the application of mineral fertilizers determined the development of potato Alternaria leaf spot by 11.6–87.5%, and the implementation of protective measures – by 1.2–17.6%. The strong development of Alternaria leaf spot was influenced by the increased air temperatures in the second and third decades of June, combined with abundant humidity in the first decade of July. The introduction of complete mineral fertilization led to a significant decrease in the development of Alternaria leaf spot in potato plantings, while the effectiveness of fungicidal treatments was not high enough.
Ecological and biological characteristics and productivity of Kochia prostrata in the conditions of the Caspian semi-desert
Authors: Shamsutdinov Nariman
Published: January 2022

Kochia prostrata (L.) Shrad. - a perennial plant with a height of 35-75 cm, according to its life form - a shrub, according to ecology - an euhaloxerophyte, according to an adaptive strategy - violent, an extremely drought-resistant and salt-tolerant, valuable forage plant in desert pastures. It grows on solonetz soils, stony soils, chalk outcrops, in saline and sandy steppes, plain desert sands, on gray soils. In the growing season, Kochia prostrata hay contains up to 16.5 % protein, 15.4 % ash substances, 2.7 % fat, 34.5 % nitrogen-free extractives and 29.6 % fiber. Fodder productivity reaches 2.2-2.5 t/ha of dry fodder mass, seed productivity - on average 100-150 kg/ha. High drought resistance and salt tolerance, good forage qualities make Kochia prostrata a promising forage plant for introduction into cultivation in arid regions of the Caspian semi-desert in order to restore the lost biodiversity and forage productivity of degraded pastures.
On the issue of forming an information and analytical database for the greening of water use in the zone of risky agriculture
Authors: Putivskaya T.B.
Published: January 2022

In areas of risky agriculture, the practical solution to the problem of improving the quality characteristics of the environment can be the intersectoral formation of organizations and informal institutions that jointly solve the problems of putting into circulation and further use of irrigated land. In the context of global climate change, the agricultural sector, despite some innovative solutions and applied technologies, remains the most dependent and vulnerable. The main part of Russian agricultural products is produced in areas with insufficient and (or) uneven humidification regimes, and the problem of climate change and its impact is as relevant as for other countries. The current conditions dictate the need to create an effective system of organizational and economic relations between rural producers, the land reclamation complex and public administration bodies. The result of their functioning should be the transition of rural areas to sustainable development, which determines the reduction of risks from climate change and the increase in the attractiveness of living and employment of people in rural areas.
Automated incoming control with advanced functionality for processing frozen meat raw materials on continuous process lines with application of single-stage grinding
Authors: Kapovsky Boris , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Lazarev Anton
Published: January 2022

The article presents the functionality of the incoming control system (ICS) of raw materials (frozen blocks) processed on an automated line for production of meat products. The parameters of the cutting process of raw materials depending on its temperature and the effectiveness of procedures for recognizing foreign inclusions in the raw materials have been studied. It has been determined that the key controlled thermodynamic parameters for a frozen block are not only the temperature of the meat layer directly in the grinding zone, but also the temperature of the subsequent layers (a mathematical model of the temperature front propagation) that determine the change in the plastic properties of the grinded meat. The authors performed a mathematical calculation of heat transfer in a block of frozen meat in the process of its grinding and an approximate method for calculating the assessment of the heat of phase transition is offered. A cost-effective option was found (based on a neural network-classifier that considers the cost function) for detecting foreign inclusions in raw materials (when creating an ICS), which makes it possible to determine the block size that can be triggered without the risk of entering the specified inclusion into the grinding product.
Methods of organizing work on construction and demolition waste recycling
Authors: Saimanova Olga , Teplykh Svetlana , Alpatov Vadim
Published: January 2022

The research is aimed at finding new ways that contribute to environmental improvement. It is evident that there is a great need at the moment to find optimal methods of construction and demolition waste recycling while renovating urban areas. The researchers examine the recycling method which is characterized as one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of construction waste disposal. In this paper the authors resort to the method of comparison as well as to graphical, tabular, and abstract-logical methods. They analyze two main methods used to carry out recycling operations: the first method involves recycling waste at the site of construction using mobile crushing plants and the second involves recycling at stationary crushing and grading complexes. Then the authors point out advantages and disadvantages of these methods and examine the efficiency of a stationary complex. The researchers also calculate the prime cost of construction waste processing at a stationary crushing and grading complex and its payback period. It is concluded that the use of a stationary complex for construction and demolition waste recycling is technically and economically feasible.
Quality and safety management at bakeries
Authors: Bukhovets Valentina , Shkurina Diana , Demina Tatyana
Published: January 2022

For bakeries, the main task is to produce bread of the best quality. In order to do this, the company must control the batches of incoming raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. The quality of bread is a set of characteristics that determine the consumer properties of food products and ensure safety for humans. The use of the HACCP system is currently mandatory and is of great importance in the field of food production. JSC “Saratov bakery named after I.K. Struzhkin” is the main supplier of bakery products in Saratov and the Saratov region. In the work, a survey of all stages of the technological process of the production of bakery products of the therapeutic and preventive direction was carried out, quality management systems were analyzed. Control critical points have been identified, a package of documents and a plan for the implementation of the HACCP system at the Saratov Bakery named after I.K. Struzhkin JSC have been prepared.
Digital methodology for improving efficiency of enterprises at the regional agro-industrial complex
Authors: Vlasova O.V. , Kalinichenko E.B. , Rebrov A.A.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the current mechanism of state management of the regional agroindustrial complex, studies the business processes of entrepreneurship in the agro-industrial complex of Russia and suggests methods to increase their activity. A digital methodology for making and optimizing management decisions is proposed, based on a multi-criteria assessment of an operating enterprise, district, region as a system that allows optimizing their activities.
Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Dogs
Authors: Annikova Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

Every doctor, one way or another, is faced with the problem of chronic heart failure (CHF) in animals [1]. Over 3 million dogs suffer from some form of acquired heart disease. In recent years, biomarkers, mainly cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, have become the main source of information for both diagnosis and monitoring of the human heart. Today, the need for diagnostics based on blood samples has become evident also when working with dogs and cats.
Indicators of the Condition of Newborn Calves after Difficult Labor Syndrome
Authors: Loshchinin Sergey , Avdeenko Vladimir , Filatova Alena
Published: January 2022

Difficult Labor Syndrome is recorded in 37.9 % of newborn calves. Newborn calves assessed on the Apgar scale of 2 points, are assigned to the cluster class born after easy labor, 1 point – after moderate labor and 0 points for difficult labor. The characteristic features of newborn calves after light birth are the manifestation of statistical functions and free movement. In newborn calves born with moderate and severe labor severity, weakly expressed motor-food reflexes are manifested. Visible mucous membranes are pale in color. Breathing is slow and shallow. Heart sounds are weak, the pulse is arrhythmic, slowed down with a decrease in the pulse wave. Decrease in glucose concentration, increase in total bilirubin level by 1.9 times with moderate severity of labor and 2.5 times with severe course of labor. An excess of creatinine contributes to the liborilization of the function of eosinophils, as a result, a symptom develops due to sensitization of the body. The activity of gamma-lutamyl transpeptidase in newborn calves after the Difficult Labor Syndrome in one hour increases 18.6 times, the activity of alkaline phosphatase during this period increases 1.5 times, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase - 1.6 times, lactate dehydrotransferase - 1.3 times. The most significant increase in the first 24 hours is the activity of γ-glutamyl transferase. At the age of one day, it exceeds the initial one by 95.6 times. The studies carried out indicate that the concentration of double bonds in the blood of newborn calves after the Difficult Labor Syndrome is marked by an increase of 20.46 % with an average severity of labor and 34.13 % with a severe course of labor when compared with a mild severity of labor. The level of diene conjugates in the blood of newborn calves with mild labor severity in comparison with moderate labor severity was statistically significantly increased (p <0.05), and 1.87 times with severe labor (p <0.01). The concentration of intermediate products of ketodienes and conjugated trienes in the blood of newborn calves with mild labor severity was statistically significantly increased by 1.75 times compared with moderate labor severity and 3.54 times with severe labor (p <0.01). Reduced glutathione is among the considered indicators of the least sensitivity (26.0 %) and specificity (43.0 %) in newborn calves after the Difficult Labor Syndrome.
Principles and Regularities of Functioning of the Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Land Tenure and Land Use in the Digital Economy
Authors: Pototskaya Lyudmila , Ukolova Nadezhda , Novikova Nadezhda
Published: January 2022

The basis for development of an optimal organizational and economic mechanism for land tenure and land use adapted to the conditions of the digital economy is based on the principles and patterns of its regulation through the identification and application of effective areas of administrative influence at the federal level through use of innovative tools. The analysis of the distribution of the land fund of the Russian Federation by land categories for 2016-2020 is carried out and the need to solve some of the fundamental problems of formation of the mechanism under consideration through use of the identified development patterns formed by the regulatory, economic and digital environment for its regulation, considering the dynamics of changes in the category of agricultural land within the study period is confirmed. It has been established that interaction of subjects of land relations depends on the degree of practical and scientific substantiation of the organizational and economic mechanism of land tenure and land use, the functional state of the digital and institutional environment.
Creation of Antibody Immunoassay Test Systems for Indication of Enteropathogenic Yersinia
Authors: Kuznetsova V. , Ivaschenko Sergey
Published: January 2022

3 immunoassay test systems based on antibodies obtained as a result of immunization of rabbits with one of the antigens: disintegrated membranes (DM) Y. enterocolitica, DM Y. pseudotuberculosis and lipopolysaccharide Y. pseudotuberculosis were created. The best diagnostic properties were possessed by a test system based on antibodies to Y. pseudotuberculosis DM. It showed high titers of antibodies to various serovars of Y. pseudotuberculosis (1:25600-1:51200), incl. to microbe strains isolated from farm animals, and low titers to Y. enterocolitica (1:200). In the accumulation media with pig excrements seeded with Yersinia, the experimental test system detected Y. pseudotuberculosis already on the 3rd day of “cold enrichment” provided that 50 or more Yersinia cells per ml were inoculated into the accumulation medium together with excrements.
Development of the recipe, technology of a functional fermented milk product with dill greens and “Dzhusay”
Authors: Stambekova A.K. , Elemesova A.A. , Bayakhan A.A. , Alimardanova M. K. , Petchenko V. I. , Levochkina N.A.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the chemical composition and properties of vegetable fillers – dill and jusay, for the development of the formulation and technology of a new type of fermented milk product. Experimental data on the composition and luminescent characteristics of the developed product are presented.
Wenn es dem Körper zu viel wird
Authors: Zander Andrea , Blömker Frank , Paries Cornelia , Seyhan Harun
Published: January 2022

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser!

Hippokrates sagte einmal: „Krankheiten befallen uns nicht aus heiterem
Himmel, sondern entwickeln sich aus täglichen Sünden wider die
Natur. Wenn sich diese gehäuft haben, brechen sie unversehens
hervor.“
Pathophysiologie von Überlastungssyndromen der Hand und des
Unterarms
Authors: Lee David , Lautenbach Martin
Published: January 2022

Heilungsverläufe von Überlastungserkrankungen des
muskuloskelettalen Systems, wie den Insertionstendinopathien, sind oft
langwierig. Die Gründe können in den anatomischen und
pathophysiologischen Gegebenheiten der betroffenen Strukturen liegen,
z. B. in einer mangelnden Blutversorgung. Der Artikel verrät,
wie sich eine Überlastung der Strukturen auf Gewebsebene auswirkt.
Die Repetitive Strain Injury und ihre Behandlung
Authors: Wudicke Annika
Published: January 2022

RSI ist, wenn der Körper sagt: „Ich kann nicht (noch)
mehr!“ Um haltungsbedingten Überlastungen wirksam zu begegnen,
müssen Betroffene umdenken und alte Gewohnheiten durchbrechen.
Voraussetzung dafür sind das Wissen über die Pathologie und
deren Ursache sowie die Einbindung gelernter Entlastungsstrategien in die
Routinen des Alltags.
External Validation of Postpartum Hemorrhage Prediction Models Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Meyer Sean R. , Carver Alissa , Joo Hyeon , Venkatesh Kartik K. , Jelovsek J. Eric , Klumpner Thomas T. , Singh Karandeep
Published: January 2022

Objective A recent study leveraging machine learning methods found that postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) can be predicted accurately at the time of labor admission in the U.S. Consortium for Safe Labor (CSL) dataset, with a C-statistic as high as 0.93. These CSL models were developed in older data (2002–2008) and used an estimated blood loss (EBL) of ≥1,000 mL to define PPH. We sought to externally validate these models using a more recent cohort of births where blood loss was measured using quantitative blood loss (QBL) methods.

Study Design Using data from 5,261 deliveries between February 1, 2019 and May 11, 2020 at a single tertiary hospital, we mapped our electronic health record (EHR) data to the 55 predictors described in previously published CSL models. PPH was defined as QBL ≥1,000 mL within 24 hours after delivery. Model discrimination and calibration of the four CSL models were measured using our cohort. In a secondary analysis, we fit new models in our study cohort using the same predictors and algorithms as the original CSL models.

Results The original study cohort had a substantially lower rate of PPH, 4.8% (7,279/228,438) versus 25% (1,321/5,261), possibly due to differences in measurement. The CSL models had lower discrimination in our study cohort, with a C-statistic as high as 0.57 (logistic regression). Models refit in our study cohort achieved better discrimination, with a C-statistic as high as 0.64 (random forest). Calibration improved in the refit models as compared with the original models.

Conclusion The CSL models' accuracy was lower in a contemporary EHR where PPH is assessed using QBL. As institutions continue to adopt QBL methods, further data are needed to understand the differences between EBL and QBL to enable accurate prediction of PPH.

Key Points
Case Series: Is Minimal Coronary Artery Disease a Prognostic Indicator in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Kakroo Shahood Ajaz , Kishore Yalampati Rama
Published: January 2022

Background The aim of this study was to study the prognostic implications of minimal coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) in terms of mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure.

Methods One-hundred sixty-three patients with DCMP were recruited for this study. Out of these, 61.9% (n = 101; 62.4% men) patients were without associated minimal CAD and 38% (n = 62; 66.1% men) with associated minimal CAD (stenosis < 50%), and their risk factor profile was noted. These patients were followed for 30 months, with mortality being the primary endpoint, and hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation in the form of heart failure was denoted as the secondary endpoint.

Results In our study, independent significant predictors of CAD were age (p = 0.002), hypertension (p = 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and smoking (p = 0.023). The presence of minimal CAD in DCMP patients as a predictor of mortality was not significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–4.62, p = 0.303); however, it was a significant predictor of hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation (OR: 6.78, 95% CI: 2.28–20.13, p = 0.001).

Conclusions Minimal CAD was observed in 38% of DCMP patients. The risk factor profile predicting CAD in DCMP patients was the same as that of the general population. The presence of minimal CAD in DCMP patients was not associated with mortality. However, it was associated with hospitalization secondary to cardiac decompensation in the form of heart failure.