bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrimination and Subsequent Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being in Young Adults
Authors: Lei Yvonne , Shah Vivek , Biely Christopher , Jackson Nicholas , Dudovitz Rebecca , Barnert Elizabeth , Hotez Emily , Guerrero Alma , Bui Anthony L. , Sastry Narayan , Schickedanz Adam
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Discrimination has been shown to have profound negative effects on mental and behavioral health and may influence these outcomes early in adulthood. We aimed to examine short-term, long-term, and cumulative associations between different types of interpersonal discrimination (eg, racism, sexism, ageism, and physical appearance discrimination) and mental health, substance use, and well-being for young adults in a longitudinal nationally representative US sample.

METHODS

We used data from 6 waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (2007–2017, 1834 participants) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Outcome variables included self-reported health, drug use, binge drinking, mental illness diagnosis, Languishing and Flourishing score, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score. We used logistic regression with cluster-robust variance estimation to test cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between discrimination frequency (overall, cumulative, and by different reason) and outcomes, controlling for sociodemographics.

RESULTS

Increased discrimination frequency was associated with higher prevalence of languishing (relative risk [RR] 1.34 [95% CI 1.2–1.4]), psychological distress (RR 2.03 [95% CI 1.7–2.4]), mental illness diagnosis (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1–1.4]), drug use (RR 1.24 [95% CI 1.2–1.3]), and poor self-reported health (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1–1.4]) in the same wave. Associations persisted 2 to 6 years after exposure to discrimination. Similar associations were found with cumulative high-frequency discrimination and with each discrimination subcategory in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

In this nationally representative longitudinal sample, current and past discrimination had pervasive adverse associations with mental health, substance use, and well-being in young adults.
Levosimendan in Europe and China: An Appraisal of Evidence and Context
Authors: Kong Xiangqing , Hu Xinqun , Hua Baotong , Fedele Francesco , Farmakis Dimitrios , Pollesello Piero
Published: November 2021

The calcium sensitiser levosimendan (SIMDAX; Orion Pharma) has been in clinical use for the management of acute heart failure and a range of related syndromes in many countries around the world for two decades. More recently, levosimendan has become available in China. The authors have examined the profile of levosimendan in clinical trials conducted inside and outside China and grouped the findings under six headings: effects on haemodynamics, effects on natriuretic peptides, effect on symptoms of heart failure, renal effects, effect on survival, and safety profile. Their conclusions are that under each of these headings there are reasonable grounds to expect that the effects and clinical benefits established in trials and with wider clinical use in Europe and elsewhere will accrue also to Chinese patients. Therefore, the authors are confident that global experience with levosimendan provides a reliable guide to its optimal use and likely therapeutic effects in patients in China.
Multiplicación in vitro de pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus) a partir de plántulas obtenidas in vitro
Authors: Mállap-Detquizán Gerardo , Vilca-Valqui Nuri C. , Meléndez-Mori Jegnes Benjamín , Huaman-Huaman Eyner , Oliva Manuel
Published: November 2021

Introducción. Las propiedades nutricionales, capacidad antioxidante y valor comercial de la pitahaya amarilla son un atractivo para su siembra, por ello, es necesario estudiar mejoras tecnológicas para su propagación. Objetivo. Evaluar la viabilidad del establecimiento y multiplicación in vitro de pitahaya amarilla, con el uso como explantes de plántulas provenientes de la germinación in vitro y distintas fuentes hormonales. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Perú, entre febrero y junio de 2020. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos para la germinación [control: agua estéril (3 mL), E1: MS (50 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (6 g L-1), E2: AG3 (250 mg L-1), E3: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (6 g L-1), AG3 (250 mg L-1)] y multiplicación [control: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), M1: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), agua de coco (10 ml L-1), M2: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), agua de coco (20 ml L-1), carbón activado (2 g L-1), M3: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), BAP (0,10 mg L-1), ANA (3 mg L-1)]. Las variables evaluadas fueron: germinación (%), número y longitud de brotes y raíces, formación de callos (%), enraizamiento (%) y número de aréolas. Resultados. La mejor germinación (100 %) se obtuvo en el medio E1, con más de tres raíces y dos brotes por plántula. El medio M2 generó la mejor multiplicación, con 82,5 % de enraizamiento, brotes de 1,66 cm y 1,86 aréolas, y menor presencia de tejido calloso (60 %). Conclusión. Se logró la micropropagación de pitahaya amarilla al emplear como fuente de explante plántulas obtenidas in vitro.
Propuesta sobre las necesidades de los estudiantes de las residencias estudiantiles de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Vázquez Peñaranda Rita
Published: November 2021

El artículo trata sobre las necesidades de estudiantes de escasos recursos, expresadas por ellos mismos, que viven en la Residencia Estudiantil de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se propone que se refuercen los conocimientos en diferentes temas como por ejemplo: drogas, enfermedades venéreas, adicción, acoso y se llegue  a crear un fondo solidario entre los mismos estudiantes, una vez que sean profesionales y se hayan insertado en el mercado laboral.
Modelo de autoevaluación participativa
Authors: Olguín Leticia
Published: November 2021

El artículo propone dos objetivos: a) Sistematizar, profundizar y validar el modelo de autoevaluación.b) Aplicar el modelo propuesto en las Especialidades de Posgrado en Derecho de la UCR.El trabajo está organizado en cinco partes: la construcción del modelo tanto en las experiencias institucionales como en las vertientes teóricas; el modelo propuesto; aplicación y evaluación de la experiencia y comentarios finales a manera de hipótesis para próximas experiencias.
An annotated checklist of Planorbinae (Heterobranchia, Hygrophila, Planorbidae) from northwestern Argentina
Authors: Ovando Ximena M. C. , Marchi Giovanna F.
Published: November 2021

The family Planorbidae comprises freshwater gastropods with planispiral, spiral and limpet-shaped shells. Subfamily Planorbinae sensu stricto, has a richness of almost 300 species, with some of the main genera being Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Drepanotrema Fischer & Crosse, 1880. Some Biomphalaria species are of concern to human health as they are intermediate hosts of blood flukes in Latin America. In Argentina, the family Planorbidae is represented by 15 species in four genera. In Northern Argentina (NOA region), records of the family are scarce, and most of them are a result of occasional collecting. We provide an updated checklist of Planorbinae in NOA resulting from fieldwork, material in malacological collections, and data in the literature. Nine species occur in the area: four species of Biomphalaria and five of Drepanotrema. Among Biomphalaria species, we recorded Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848), which is considered a natural host of the blood fluke Schistostoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, for first time in Salta province; the known geographic distribution of B. straminea is extended in the country.
An iterative oscillation test for delay difference equations
Authors: KARPUZ Başak , OZSEVER Zehra
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we advance a recent oscillation test for the oscillation of the delay difference equation \begin{equation} x(n+1)-x(n)+p(n)x(n-\tau)=0\quad\text{for}\ n=0,1,\cdots,\nonumber \end{equation} where $\{p(n)\}$ is a nonnegative sequence of reals and $\tau$ is a nonnegative integer. We also present a numerical example emphasizing the significance of our new result in the literature of delay difference equations.
Una traccia padovano-veneziana nella Cracovia degli inizi del XVI secolo
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Padova, Piacentini Marcello
Published: November 2021

Three accounts in Polish whose fabula focuses on Paduan and Venetian realia were found by Stanisław Estreicher in the last part of a Latin juridical codex written in the 1520s. They are not translations and have no literary worth; however, they can be interesting from a sociological point of view. In this article, we point out, on the basis of what has already been established by Estreicher, the writing context in which these stories were written in the code. Estreicher hypothesised that the stories, on the basis of their spelling, had been written not by a Pole, but by a foreigner who knew the Polish language by ear. Estreicher also hypothesised, and not wrongly, that in the 1520s, the goldsmiths’ guild, which was at that time chaired by an Italian and an German, had come into possession of that code. A comparison with the spelling of other Polish-language texts written between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century, however, shows that many of the graphic solutions used were well attested at the time; amongst these was the singular spelling to mark the posterior nasal vowel. In any case, the writer who wrote those accounts made an effort to maintain some coherence in spelling. Despite such an effort, the general impression is that those short stories were written by a non-Polish speaker, rather than by a foreigner who resided and worked in Krakow. These accounts are certainly traces of the presence, in Krakow and Poland, of the numerous Venetians who had started thriving entrepreneurial activities in the Respublica Polono-Lituana.
Le prime traduzioni polacche delle poesie italiane di Pietro Bembo
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Kowalczyk-Cantoro Daria
Published: November 2021

The present article aims to analyse the 20th-century Polish translations of Pietro Bembo’s work. Although Bembo was one of the main representatives of the Italian Renaissance and a prolific writer, of all his lyric poetry, only six songs from the collection Rime, a short poem from the dialogue Gli Asolani, and recently the Stanze have been fully translated. We owe most of the earlier translations to Julia Dickstein-Wieleżyńska, an important populariser of Italian culture in the interwar period. Two poems were translated by Maria Grossekowa, a poet, publicist, and feminist of the early 20th century. The small fragments of Bembo’s sonnets translated by Edward Porębowicz are also worthy of mention. The article focuses on the metric-formal and semantic-lexical analysis of DicksteinWieleżyńska’s versions and examines the techniques used by the translator. Dickstein-Wieleżyńska’s translations are quite equivalent semantically, and although she introduces some reduction or amplification, she does so without upsetting the semantic dominant. Moreover, it has been noted that, in her translations, Dickstein-Wieleżyńska often uses terms that refer to an idea of brightness, which also characterises her own poetic writing. Since Bembo is considered the pioneer of Petrarchism, the analysis of the Polish translations of Bembo’s poems is deepened through comparisons with some versions of Petrarch’s poems translated by Felicjan Faleński and published in 1881.
Virgilio, le streghe e la sposa di San Francesco nella Divina Commedia
Authors:   Carla Rossi Academy, Balducci Marino Alberto
Published: November 2021

Through the hermeneutic-symbolic study of the Dantean figures of Virgil, the witches Manto and Erichto, and the mysterious woman loved by St. Francis, we reflect on the sense of magic and thaumaturgy in the Divine Comedy, presenting a new theological interpretation of the secret doctrine of Inferno IX. Virgil is shown in Dante’s poem as the great Roman poet and as the magician of the Neapolitan folkloric traditions of the Middle Ages; he is celebrated but also ridiculed for his limitations. The Christian world, in fact, transcends the pagan idea of magic being Nature’s proud minister, to advance a more complex thaumaturgic concept that indicates a miraculous event belonging not only to man but to the divine that is fused into the human dimension. Along these lines, the most essential characteristics and differences of Virgil the Magician’s two infernal journeys in the Divine Comedy are analysed in detail: first, the one that is determined by the spells of Erichto, Lucan’s witch, and which is therefore the work of ancient pagan black magic; second, the one that is Christianly predisposed by angelic inspiration, that is, by Beatrice, who is the symbol of a newer “celestial magic,” which is, in turn, a special thaumaturgic power indicated by the paradisiac episode of St. Francis and his wife.
Evrişimli tekrarlayan sinir ağı ile metin görüntüleri üzerinde karakter tanıma uygulaması gerçekleştirilmesi
Authors: SOMUNCU Ebru , AYDIN ATASOY Nesrin
Published: November 2021

Her alanda dijitalleşmenin sonucunda veri miktarı gün geçtikçe büyük miktarda artmaktadır. Bu verilerin insan gücüyle anlamlandırılması için yapay zeka, makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme gibi insan davranışlarını taklit eden bilgisayar sistemleri tercih edilmektedir. Makine öğrenmesinin alt dalı olan derin öğrenme yüz tanıma, ses tanıma, nesne tanıma, otomotiv, savunma, sağlık, eğlence ve pazarlama sektörleri gibi çok fazla alanda kullanılmaktadır ve son dönemlerde birçok probleme çözüm niteliği taşımaktadır. Metin tanıma çalışmaları da derin öğrenme alanında ele alınan bir problemdir. Derin öğrenme özellik çıkarımı ve dönüşümü için birçok işlem adımı kullanır. Özelliklerin ve temsillerinin öğrenilmesine dayanan bu yapı, öğrenme işleminde hiyerarşik bir yapı ile ele alınır. Metin görüntüleri üzerinde yazı ve karakter tabanlı yapılan işlemlerde de özelliklerin çıkarımı ve temsili için derin öğrenme algoritmaları başarısı yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konulmaktadır. Derin öğrenme mimarilerinden Evrişimli Sinir Ağı, parametrelerin paylaşımı ve boyut azaltması özellikleri ile metin görüntülerinin analiz edilmesinde ileri beslemeli bir ağdan daha iyidir. Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı mimarisinin zaman serisine bağlı veriler üzerindeki başarısı, metin görüntülerinden karakter tespiti için Evrişimli Sinir Ağı mimarisi ile başarılı sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Sinir ağlarını eğitmek için kullanılan bir kayıp fonksiyonu olan Bağlantıcı Geçici Sınıflandırma, girdi verildiğinde hizalanmış verilere gerek duymadan veri etiketlemek için olasılık oluşturabilmektedir. Böylece, metin görüntüleri üzerinde karakterlerin doğru tespit edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Evrişimli Sinir Ağının görüntü üzerindeki öznitelik tespit başarısı ile bir Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı mimarisi olan İki Yönlü Uzun-Kısa Süreli Belleğin geçmiş ve gelecek bağlamları göz önüne alarak karakterlerin tespitindeki başarısı, Bağlantıcı Geçici Sınıflandırma ile birleştirilerek Evrişimli Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı mimarisi oluşturulmuştur. Synth90k veri seti kullanılarak oluşturulan 50.000 görüntü verisinin % 90'ı eğitim, % 10'u test veri seti olarak belirlenmiştir. Evrişimli Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı kullanılarak tasarlanan ağın karakter tespiti için doğruluk oranı %90 olarak elde edilmiştir. Metin görüntüleri üzerinde başarılı bir şekilde tespit edilen bu karakterin uygun metni ortaya çıkarmadaki başarısı ile mobil tabanlı yönlendirme uygulamasında kullanılması hedeflenmektedir.
Artificial Intelligence for University Marketing
Authors: Alyoshina Irina
Published: November 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is embedded in digital marketing technologies and so facilitates the development of university marketing management. The article discusses digital globalization trends and factors influential for AI deployment in higher education.
The Prevalence of Tattoos among Students of Secondary Schools: Sociopsychological Aspects
Authors: Sobkin V.S. , Lykova T.A.
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on the following issues: the prevalence of tattoos among adolescents; gender and age characteristics of their motivation for tattooing; the specifics of social behavior of adolescents with tattoos; and the occurrence of tattoos among adolescents with deviant behavior. The sample consisted of 32714 students of grades 7—11, of which 1517 people confirmed having images on the body. The data was collected using an anonymous questionnaire survey. It is shown that with the transition from elementary school to high school the proportion of students with tattoos increases. At the same time, the intensity of familiarization with the tattoo culture in high school age among girls is higher than among boys. The article describes the value and motivational attitudes that determine the role of tattoos as a symbolic means of manifestation of a teenager’s attitude to sexual challenges. As it is revealed, in early adolescence the desire to get a tattoo is determined mainly by self-assertion and the search for group identity. By 9th grade, a tattoo is more often used to express individuality. In general, teenagers with tattoos have lower academic performance and are less likely to comply with school rules. Such abnormal behavior of teenagers with tattoos and their aspirations for social leadership cause bullying from classmates. It was found that deviant forms of behavior, such as profanity, alcohol and drug use, fighting, are much more common among students with tattoos. Tattoos are analyzed as a means of symbolic expression of belonging to a certain type of teenage subculture.
SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO ORBITAL PARA MODELAGEM DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO: SÍNTESE TEÓRICA E APLICAÇÕES EM COMPUTAÇÃO NA NUVEM
Authors: De Oliveira Ferreira Silva César , Jandreice Magnoni Pedro Henrique , Lilla Manzione Rodrigo
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse artigo de revisão foi compilar os aspectos teóricos e tecnológicos da modelagem de evapotranspiração (ET) baseada em sensoriamento remoto. Levantamos os conceitos termohidrológicos que dão base ao fenômeno da ET, a saber, os fluxos de energia no solo ("termo") e balanço hidrológico. Também apresentamos as principais variantes do conceito de ET. Os modelos baseados em sensoriamento remoto são voltados à ET real. Levantamos os modelos aplicados a imagens de satélite mais difundidos (a serem implementados pelo pesquisador) e apresentamos suas premissas, limitações e oportunidades. Por fim, levantamos bases de dados de ET real já prontas (disponiveis no Google Earth Engine - GEE), e para elas desenvolvemos paineis interativos para extração desses dados. Com esses paineis é possível extrair facilmente séries temporais de ET real e realizar posteriores calibrações com dados de campos.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE SHIFT OPERATOR
Authors: Saranchuk Yurii S. , Tatarkin Aleksandr A.
Published: November 2021

Several approaches are known to generalize the shift operator in the complex domain. Specific generalization procedures lead to significantly different operators of the shift type even in one specific area of complex analysis. In this paper, a certain general operator of the shift type is defined. The properties of this operator are studied and the question of the continuity of this definition is considered. The properties of a certain operator to a certain extent re-peat the properties of the previously studied operators of the shift type. This allows us to speak of the possibility of extending the main results on spectral synthesis in the complex domain to convolutional equations of a more general form.
A SEMI-ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR A FLOW OF NON-VISCOUS FLUID AROUND AN AIRFOIL WITH A SHARP TRAILING EDGE
Authors: Bondarchuk Alexey A. , Sumbatyan Mezhlum A.
Published: November 2021

In the present work we propose a method to study a two-dimensional flow of non-viscous fluid around an airfoil with a sharp trailing edge, by the double-layer potential theory. The circulation of velocity vector is modeled by the potential of a point vortex whose center is located inside the boundary contour. The magnitude of the circulation is defined on the basis of the Joukowski-Chaplygin postulate. There are presented some results for a Joukowski rudde, as well as for the airfoil in the form of a pair of interacting circles. It is performed a comparison of the circulation with its theoretical value.
GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN TERRITORY BY NATURAL AND FOCAL FACTORS
Authors: Kuramshina Natalia G. , Yelizariev Alexey N. , Nafikova Elvira V. , Vdovina Irina V. , Smirnova Tatyana P. , Kutlin Nikolay G.
Published: November 2021

The high significance of the problem of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is associated with the scale of spread, damage to persons of active age, a long period of reduced working capacity and high economic damage. The work presents an assessment of biological contamination by natural - focal viral infection - HFRS in the Re-public of Bashkortostan (RB). The most active foci are associated with linden forests, which prevail in the republic. The work shows the dynamics and features of infection. Analysis of the geoecological state of the territory according to HFRS showed that in the territory of most regions of the republic there are natural-focal infections of HFRS. There is an increase in infection of rodents with the HFRS virus, so in 2016 it was 5.0 %, and in 2019 - 16.2 %. The increase in the incidence of the population has characteristic epidemiological signs for the territory of RB, and the increase in high-risk areas indicates trends in the expansion and activation of foci of infection in them. At the same time, there is an increase in incidence, and infection in 50 % of cases occurs when visiting forests. In the capital of Bashkortostan - the city of Ufa, which is located in the natural zone, the incidence of HFRS is almost 50 % of the entire territory of the republic. In connection with climate changes, the diversity of environmental aspects of natural-focal infection of HFRS should be more widely assessed to counter their spread and measures to reduce this dangerous disease in the RB should be significantly strengthened.
THE STUDY OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE ROACH RUTILUS RUTILUS CASPICUS (JAKOWLEV, 1870) IN THE KRAYNOVSKY COAST OF THE CASPIAN SEA
Authors: Gasanova Aysha Sh. , Guseynov Kais M. , Barkhalov Ruslan M. , Khlopkova Marina V.
Published: November 2021

The offshore zone of the western coast of the Caspian Sea is one of the most highly productive. Of the 63 species of fish that live in the Caspian Sea, 34 species are found on the Krainovsky coast, 42 % of which are carp. The most numerous is the roach Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Jakowlev, 1870), which makes up 50–86 % of the number of semi-passerine and river fish. The article presents the results of studies of the peculiarities of the biology of the roach Rutilus rutilus caspicus of the Krainovsky coast of the Caspian Sea. The roach is noted in the catches constantly. Her age in the networks ranges from 2 to 10 years. The share of 3-5-year-olds accounts for 81 %. Females in catches make up 66 %, males - 34 %. The parameters of the Bertalanfi equation are characterized by the following values: L =38.8 cm, K = 0.12, t° = -2.67. The fecundity of the roach on average is 30.2 thousand eggs and tends to increase with increasing length and weight of the fish. As the roach grows, the composition of its food changes significantly. The maximum fed roach length from 10 to 20 cm.
Hypofibrinogenemia caused by tigecycline use in a patient with acute cholecystitis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: AYHAN Müge , CAN Ferda , KARAAHMETOĞLU Selma , GÜNER Rahmet
Published: November 2021

Tigecycline is the first member of glicylcycline class of antibiotics, which has a broad spectrum of action. In previous reports, coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia caused by tigecycline use was described. We aimed to present a case of hypofibrinogenemia in association with tigecycline use. A 79-years-old male was admitted to medical intensive care unit for acute cholecystitis and acute renal failure. He had no history of coagulation disorder. He was receiving meropenem for septic shock on the admission. On the 7th day of meropenem, his infection didn’t improve and fever continued. Because of that tigecycline was added to treatment. Patient’s infection parameters improved, his fever dropped under treatment, but his prothrombin time, international normalized ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time levels increased and fibrinogen level decreased (0.96 g/L). Tigecycline was discontinued that day. On the fifth day after cessasion of tigecycline, his fibrinogen levels and other coagulation parameters returned to normal ranges. The mechanisms of coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia should be elucidated in futher studies. We strictly suggest, regular monitoring of coagulation parameters in patients receiving tigecycline treatment.
Mango (Mangifera indica) and ambarella (Spondias cytherea) peel extracted pectins improve viscoelastic properties of derived jams
Authors:   University of Maroua, Koubala BB , Kansci G ,   University of Yaoundé I, Garnier C ,   UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Ralet MC , Thibault JF
Published: November 2021

Food industries in developing countries are faced with the problem of inadequate supply of additives which can be met by proper utilization of local pectin sources. Mango ( Mangifera indica ) and ambarella ( Spondias cytherea ) peels are most of the time thrown into nature or used for animal feeding . The y have been reported to be a potential source of pectins which could be used to process the fruits into various products. In order to assess their feasibility to be used in jam processing, ambarella and mango ( Mango variety) peel pectins were extracted using three different extraction conditions: HCl at 85 °C/1h, water at 70 °C/1h and oxalic acid/ammonium oxalate (OAAO) at 85 °C/1h. Compare to commercial lime pectin with degree of methoxylation (DM) 70%, phase diagrams presenting sol -gel transition of purified pectins established as sucrose concentration (40 -75 %, weight/weight) versus reduced pectin concentration (0.1 -1.8 %, weight/weight) were studied at pH 3. Mango and ambarella jams were prepared with and without highly methoxylated peels pectins (0.4 %; DM 60 -75% ) and the effect of pectins on jam firmness was studied. Prepared hot jams, with 64 % of dry matter, 60 % of sucrose and/or 0.4 % of pectin, were characterized for their gelation kinetics and mechanical spectra at 20 °C . Phase diagrams showed that at pH 3, the minimal sucrose concentration used to obtain the gel is 40 % for OAAO mango pectin, 45 % for HCl mango and OAAO ambarella pectin, and 50 % for HCl ambarella and commercial pectin . Only gelation of OAAO extracted pectins was possible at low polymer (0.2 %) and standard sucrose (60 %) concentrations. Jams prepared without pectins exhibited a week gel behaviour (G’ = 500- 1000 Pa at 10 Hz) with those of ambarella being stronger than those of mango. Because of its good physicochemical characteristics, ambarella pulp was more suitable than mango pulp for jam processing. Mango and ambarella jams exhibited very strong gels (G’= 2000- 5000 Pa at 10 Hz ) behaviour while using OAAO extracted pectins ; the viscoelastic strength of the processing fruits increases 3 -6 folds . Accordingly, OAAO extracted mango and ambarella peel pectins allow to obtain jams with excellent gelling properties
Framework for supporting countries to address the food crisis and malnutrition in the African region
Authors:   World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Lusamba-Dikassa PS , Nsue-Milang D , Okello D , Ketsela T , Sagoe-Moses C , Lule Frank , Dushimimana A , Mensah P
Published: November 2021

Of the world's undernourished children, 80% live in 20 countries; nine of these are in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa is home to 15 of the 16 countries where prevalence of hunger exceeds 35 per cent. This precarious food security situation in Africa has been compounded by economic and food crises which began in 2007, resulting in a rise by about 83% in food commodity prices. When food is in short supply, safety is compromised resulting in the consumption of unsafe food. Assuring safe food and ending malnutrition require decisive actions in several areas. In line with its Core Functions, global and regional agreements and as a key player in health, the WHO’s vital role in addressing the food crisis is in preventing the effects of food insecurity, undernutrition and unsafe food. In order to scale-up actions to address the adverse effects of food insecurity and malnutrition in the African Region, the forty-fourth session of the Regional Programme Meeting (RPM44) discussed the topic Food Crisis in Africa: Implications for Nutrition and Food Safety Actions in the Region. A framework was therefore developed to facilitate joint actions in addressing the food crisis and malnutrition in the WHO African Region for better impact at country level. This paper provides a summary of the Framework which highlight WHO’s role in the area of nutrition. It has four guiding principles: Country- level interventions, Community involvement and ownership; Adoption of multi-sectoral approach; Protection of vulnerable groups; and Evidence- based interventions. The Framework proposes actions to be implemented in countries with support of WHO and partners to meet the immediate food and nutritional needs of the vulnerable and build longer-term resilience to contribute to national food security. The expected impact of the implementation of these actions with support from WHO and partners is prevention of morbidity, mortality and the irreversible long-term effects of malnutrition on health and cognitive development.
Improved estimation of aerodynamic characteristics of a complex geometry nanosatellite
Authors: Barinova E.V. , Boltov E.A. , Elisov N.A. , Lomaka I.A.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents an approach to refine the aerodynamic characteristics (drag coefficient, aerodynamic torque) of a complex-geometry nanosatellite. The approach is based on the direct simulation Monte-Carlo method. The calculations took into account gas−surface interaction according to Cercignani—Lampis—Lord model, chemical composition of atmosphere on the orbit altitude and particle thermal velocity. The nanosatellite complex geometry was described as a finite-element grid with the cell size of 5 mm. The results of the engineering and numerical methods were compared. The differences in drag coefficient and aerodynamic torque between the two methods reached 20%.
Prospects for using near-Earth GNSS as an infrastructure for navigation support of Lunar missions
Authors: Mikhaylov M.V. , Zarubin D.S. , Zagovorchev V.А.
Published: November 2021

An increasing number of space agencies consider Moon exploration as a part of national and international space programs. Exploration plans include a distributed network of facilities on and around the Moon; opportunities for “driving force” projects based on the International Space Station program experience; and, on the whole, formation of the “Earth – low lunar orbit – Moon surface” payload traffic flow. The payload needs analysis shows that the cutting-edge Moon exploration program requires high quality navigation services (precise estimation of coordinates and velocity in near-real time). The subject of this paper is the issues of creating a navigation service based on the experience of the Russian segment of ISS and using the existing near-Earth GNSS systems as a navigation infrastructure.
Elaboration of a new calculation procedure of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness in fuel channels of heat engines and power plants
Authors: Altunin K.V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to theoretical research connected with elaboration of a new calculation procedure for hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness. A common problem of deposit formation in heat engines and power plants is thoroughly investigated. In addition, the wall composition, temperature, time and a number of life cycles, etc. are mentioned as key factors that have direct influence on this heat phenomenon. The paper describes thermophysical properties of deposits in fuel feed systems of different engines. The literature search and analysis did not reveal any similar procedures of calculation of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness that could be connected with electrical properties of a wall or a deposit. The paper presents new equations for calculating the deposit formation thickness and rate based upon thermal and electrical nature of this process. These new equations led to elaboration of the new calculation procedure of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness on a metal wall for any fuel channel of a heat engine or a power plant based on liquid hydrocarbon fuel or coolant. The new calculation technique was verified by experiments in aviation kerosene boiling in volume, which clarified special features in the application of new equations. Owing to the universal character of the proposed technique, it can be used for calculating the deposit formation virtually in all the known heat engines and power plants, for various operating conditions, for different metal wall compositions, at various fuel flow rates and pressures, temperature regimes inside fuel-feed and cooling channels.
Digitalization of higher education, the crisis of educational culture and Russian economic development
Authors: Labadze Olesya E. , Efimov Aleksandr V. , Sych Vitaly V. , Petrova Nina F. , Lipchanskaya Irina V. , Ivanenko Natalia S.
Published: November 2021

The problems of digitalization of education and transformation of the Russian culture has been overlooked in the research space. The aim of this research therefore is to report the crisis nature of Russian educational culture, considered in terms of digital innovations of the higher education system. The study was qualitative, and it utilized the transdisciplinary paradigm as a methodological framework. Data was drawn from previous research in different disciplines regarding the topic of interest and the results were analyzed using content analysis. This helped the research to form a holistic view of the phenomena under consideration. The results prove the need to develop a holistic social and philosophical concept of cultural transformation of Russian education to solve the problems and contradictions of transition to digital education and increase the economic growth.
Keywords: education, higher education, digitalization of education, digitalization, informatization, onlineization, imitation, culture, culture of education, economic development
Colegio Público en Manchay
Authors:   , Crispín Ríos Fiorella Lucía
Published: November 2021

La arquitectura escolar se ha generalizado como la creación de largos pasillos, aulas compactas y rígidas, y sin espacios de encuentro para la interacción de los estudiantes. Estas características responden a una metodología de enseñanza tradicional; sin embargo, en la actualidad, las nuevas necesidades pedagógicas son distintas, debido a que tienen como prioridad considerar un aprendizaje más activo que se centra en el estudiante. Por tal motivo, se plantea un colegio público de primaria y secundaria que tiene como énfasis la arquitectura para el aprendizaje activo aplicado en tres elementos físico-espaciales: espacios flexibles, lúdicos y conectados con el exterior. Asimismo, se propone reforzar el vínculo entre el colegio y la comunidad, compartiendo ciertos espacios fuera del horario escolar. Además, cabe destacar que este proyecto se desarrolla en Manchay, en el distrito de Pachacámac, una zona periférica de la ciudad de Lima con rápido crecimiento poblacional y déficit de infraestructura educativa. Por lo tanto, se realizó la investigación acerca de la tipología, el énfasis arquitectónico, proyectos referenciales, usuarios, programa arquitectónico y estudio del lugar. Por último, se plantean los criterios de diseño para la elaboración del proyecto arquitectónico.
Los costos por procesos y su influencia en la rentabilidad de las MYPES del sector textil en el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra en el 2018
Authors:   , Asurza Espíritu Rossmery Isabel , Pardo Rivera Verónica Inés
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto que tiene el sistema de costos por procesos en la rentabilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas que se dedican a fabricar prendas de vestir en el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra. Nos enfocamos en las MYPES debido a que es el principal porcentaje de participación del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra, este último es el mercado tradicional más importante y de gran movimiento económico relacionado a la industria textil. Asimismo, este sector es uno de los más relevantes debido a que contribuye con el crecimiento productivo del país mediante el uso de materias primas de origen nacional. Se desarrolló esta investigación con el propósito de ayudar a los microempresarios a tomar decisiones acertadas para que puedan mejorar su productividad y competitividad. Mediante las entrevistas, encuestas y el caso práctico que hemos desarrollado se pretende demostrar el impacto positivo en la rentabilidad de los negocios que utilizan un sistema de costos por procesos.
Sociobiodiversidade e alimentação escolar: uma experiência no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Magnus Hendler Vanessa , Oliveira Luciana Dias de , Hagen Martine Elisabeth Kienzle , Solans Andrea  Mónica , Silva Queite Marrone Soares da , Barbosa Palma Louise , Silva Vanuska Lima da , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira , Seabra Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá , Ruiz Eliziane Nicolodi Francescato
Published: November 2021

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar é uma das mais importantes políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil, viabilizando a oferta de uma alimentação saudável e adequada a todos os estudantes matriculados na rede pública da educação básica e criando mercados para agricultores familiares. Nesse sentido, partindo do entendimento de que a inserção de alimentos que dialoguem com a sustentabilidade e a cultura alimentar na alimentação escolar poderiam desencadear diversos efeitos positivos no contexto local, este artigo busca relatar as ações iniciais de um projeto maior, desenvolvido no município de Mostardas, que perpassa pela temática da alimentação escolar e da sociobiodiversidade, descrevendo as apreensões sobre o valor sociocultural e nutricional de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade, bem como o papel da escola e da alimentação escolar para a comunidade local. Para tal, esta etapa da pesquisa compreendeu duas fases: a primeira consistiu em um momento de interação com os atores locais, no qual se apreenderam histórias, significados e saberes sobre receitas à base de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade, como o feijão-sopinha e o milho-catete; e a segunda abrangeu a realização da análise de composição química centesimal e de fibras dos referidos alimentos. A partir dos relatos dos participantes, pôde-se compreender o valor sociocultural de alimentos e preparações que remontam a sua cultura e a sua história de vida, assim como a importância, conferida pela comunidade à escola e à alimentação escolar, no que tange à formação dos hábitos alimentares dos alunos. Para além das apreensões no plano simbólico, a caracterização química revelou o potencial nutricional do feijão-sopinha e do milho-catete, os quais se mostraram nutricionalmente superiores quando comparados a outros feijões e milho de consumo habitual dos brasileiros.
COVID-19 Sürecinde İkiz Açık ve Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: KOPUK Ezgi , ÖZÇELİK Özer
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada, günümüz dünyasını ve yaşamın her yönünü olumsuz etkileyen COVID-19 pandemisi süreci içerisinde Türkiye ekonomisinde gözlemlenen bütçe açığı ve cari açığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Bütçe açığında ve cari açıkta gözlemlenen şoklarının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde yarattığı etki, Etki-Tepki analizi ve bu etkinin yüzdesel olarak açıklaması ise Varyans Ayrıştırma analizi ile tespit edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre cari açık ve bütçe açığında görülen şokların büyüme üzerindeki etkisi pozitif olmakla beraber bu şokların etkisi çok düşük derecededir ve büyümede meydan gelen bir standart sapmalık şok en fazla bütçe açıklarından kaynaklanmıştır. Ayrıca bütçe açıklarında gözlemlenen bir şoka cari açığın verdiği tepki ilk dönemlerde pozitifken, son dönemlerde negatif olmuştur. Bu durum bütçe açıklarında gözlemlenen açıkların cari açığı tetiklediğine dayanan İkiz Açık Hipotezinin, araştırılan dönemlerde geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Sınırlılıklar: Araştırma, Türkiye ekonomisi ve 2018-M1:2021-M1 zaman aralığının kullanılması ile sınırlandırılmıştır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Günümüzde hala etkisini göstermekte olan COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde ikiz açık sorununun Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek, mevcut durum için politika önerileri ve sorunların yorumlanması bakımından önemlidir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile pandemi sürecinde Türkiye ekonomisi için yapılan araştırmalara bir katkı sağlanacağı ve fikir birliği doğrultusunda uygun politika çıkarımlarının yapılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
PENERIMAAN DIRI WARGA LANJUT USIA YANG HIDUP SENDIRI
Authors: Ajisuksmo Clara Rosa Pudjiyogyanti , Permatasari Dyah Ayu
Published: November 2021

This study aims at obtaining description of self-acceptance of elderly who live alone by themselves, as well as factors that affect their self-acceptance. This study implemented a qualitstivee approach by interviewing four participants, two males and two femaleswith age range of 60-70 years. Self-acceptance and self-understanding were measured by aspects of feeling equal with others, having self-confidence, being responsible, outward looking and open minded, having self-determination, realizing to self limitations, and accepting the characteristics as a human. Factors that support high self-acceptance are good self-understanding, religiousity, and the attitude of their surrounding that support their presence. Low self-acceptance is caused by failure to achieve dreams and hopes, lack of social support from their children, and weak economic conditions.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran penerimaan diri warga lanjut usia yang tinggal seorang diri, serta faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi penerimaan diri mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu wawancara kepada empat partisipan (dua berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan dua berjenis kelamin perempuan) yang tinggal seorang diri dengan rentang usia 60-70 tahun. Penerimaan dan pemahaman akan diri diungkapkan dalam aspek perasaan sederajat dengan individu lain, percaya dengan kemampuan diri, bertanggung jawab, berorientasi keluar diri, berpendirian, menyadari keterbatasan dan menerima sifat-sifat kemanusiaan dirinya. Faktor yang mendukung penerimaan diri yang tinggi adalah pemahaman diri yang baik, nilai-nilai religiusitas, dan sikap masyarakat sekitar yang mendukung kehadiran mereka. Penerimaan diri yang rendah disebabkan oleh faktor, ketidakberhasilan diri meraih impian atau harapan, kurangnya dukungan sosial dari anak, dan kondisi ekonomi yang lemah.
Outcomes of COVID-19 and risk factors in patients with cancer - a cohort study
Authors: Sengar Manju , Chinnaswamy Girish , Ranganathan Priya , Ashok Apurva , Bhosale Shilpushp , Biswas Sanjay , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Dhamne Chetan , Divatia Jigeeshu , Dsa Karishma , Jain Hasmukh , Laskar Sarbani , Moulik Nirmalya , Mummudi Naveen , Nair Sindhu , Nayak Lingaraj , Nayak Prakash , Patkar Shraddha , Pawaskar Preeti , Ramaswamy Anant , Shetty Omshree , Singh Arjun , Epari Sridhar , Thorat Jayashree , Badwe Rajendra , Pramesh C S
Published: November 2021

Background
Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 are at higher risk for severe disease and death. We aimed to study the outcomes of patients with cancer who were infected with SARS CoV2, and identify risk factors for adverse outcomes after COVID-19.
Methods
We included patients with cancer, who were diagnosed with SARS CoV2 between 11th April 2020 and February 2021 at a tertiary referral cancer centre in India. We collected data on age, sex, coexisting medical conditions, type of cancer, intent of cancer management, cancer treatment details, and severity and outcome of COVID-19. The primary outcome was a composite of severe COVID (defined as grade 6 or more on the WHO ordinal scale) or death within 30 days. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for severe COVID or death.
Results
We obtained data on 1253 patients with cancer and SARS CoV2 infection, of whom 293 (23.6%) had hematological malignancies. The severity of COVID was mild (grade 1 to 3 on WHO ordinal scale) in 1014 (81%) patients, moderate (WHO grade 4 or 5) in 167 (13%) patients and severe (WHO grade 6 or 7) in 72 (6%) patients. The primary outcome was seen in 160 patients (12.8%) and the all-cause 30-day mortality was 10.9% (138 deaths). Advanced age [adjusted OR 1.84 (0.86; 3.94)], history of smoking [aOR 1.78 (1.10; 2.91)], palliative intent of treatment [aOR 3.57 (2.48 to 5.12)] and presence of more than 2 comorbidities [aOR 1.66 (1.03 to 2.67)] were significant risk factors for severe COVID or death. Advanced age and palliative intent of treatment remained significant risk factors for 30-day mortality. Recent systemic anti-cancer therapy, sex or cancer type did not influence outcomes.
Conclusion
Most patients with cancer who developed COVID-19 in our setting had mild disease; the elderly and those treated with palliative intent were at higher risk of severe COVID-19 or death. Recent cancer therapy did not impact COVID-19 severity or outcomes suggesting that in most patients with cancer, the management of cancer should continue uninterrupted during the pandemic.
Learning the statistics of pain: computational and neural mechanisms
Authors: Mancini Flavia , Zhang Suyi , Seymour Ben
Published: November 2021

Pain invariably changes over time, and these temporal fluctuations are riddled with uncertainty about body safety. In theory, statistical regularities of pain through time contain useful information that can be learned, allowing the brain to generate expectations and inform behaviour. To investigate this, we exposed healthy participants to probabilistic sequences of low and high-intensity electrical stimuli to the left hand, containing sudden changes in stimulus frequencies. We demonstrate that humans can learn to extract these regularities, and explicitly predict the likelihood of forthcoming pain intensities in a manner consistent with optimal Bayesian models with dynamic update of beliefs. We studied brain activity using functional MRI whilst subjects performed the task, which allowed us to dissect the underlying neural correlates of these statistical inferences from their uncertainty and update. We found that the inferred frequency (posterior probability) of high intensity pain correlated with activity in bilateral sensorimotor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex and right caudate. The uncertainty of statistical inferences of pain was encoded in the right superior parietal cortex. An intrinsic part of this hierarchical Bayesian model is the way that unexpected changes in frequency lead to shift beliefs and update the internal model. This is reflected by the KL divergence between consecutive posterior distributions and associated with brain responses in the premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. In conclusion, this study extends what is conventionally considered a sensory pain pathway dedicated to process pain intensity, to include the generation of Bayesian internal models of temporal statistics of pain intensity levels in sensorimotor regions, which are updated dynamically through the engagement of premotor, prefrontal and parietal regions.