bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR STOCHASTIC IMPULSIVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: SHEN LIJUAN , SUN JITAO
Published: July 2010

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for stochastic impulsive differential equations. Some sufficient conditions are obtained by using the notion of measure of noncompactness and the Leray–Schauder type fixed theorem. Since the conditions do not need special requirement of the impulsive function, the results we obtained is more reflexible. An example will illustrate the effectiveness.
Glioblastoma-Specific Protein Interaction Network Identifies PP1A and CSK21 as Connecting Molecules between Cell Cycle–Associated Genes
Authors: Ladha Jayashree , Donakonda Sainitin , Agrawal Shipra , Thota Balaram , Srividya Mallavarapu R. , Sridevi Sambandam , Arivazhagan Arimappamagan , Thennarasu Kandavel , Balasubramaniam Anandh , Chandramouli Bangalore A. , Hegde Alangar Sattiyaranjandas , Kondaiah Paturu , Somasundaram Kumaravel , Santosh Vani , Rao Satyanarayana M.R.
Published: July 2010

Glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is a very aggressive form of brain cancer with a poor survival and few qualified predictive markers. This study integrates experimentally validated genes that showed specific upregulation in GBM along with their protein-protein interaction information. A system level analysis was used to construct GBM-specific network. Computation of topological parameters of networks showed scale-free pattern and hierarchical organization. From the large network involving 1,447 proteins, we synthesized subnetworks and annotated them with highly enriched biological processes. A careful dissection of the functional modules, important nodes, and their connections identified two novel intermediary molecules CSK21 and protein phosphatase 1 α (PP1A) connecting the two subnetworks CDC2-PTEN-TOP2A-CAV1-P53 and CDC2-CAV1-RB-P53-PTEN, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed CSK21 to be moderately upregulated and PP1A to be overexpressed by 20-fold in GBM tumor samples. Immunohistochemical staining revealed nuclear expression of PP1A only in GBM samples. Thus, CSK21 and PP1A, whose functions are intimately associated with cell cycle regulation, might play key role in gliomagenesis. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6437–47. ©2010 AACR.
Cutaneous Papillomavirus E6 Proteins Must Interact with p300 and Block p53-Mediated Apoptosis for Cellular Immortalization and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Muench Peter , Probst Sonja , Schuetz Johanna , Leiprecht Natalie , Busch Martin , Wesselborg Sebastian , Stubenrauch Frank , Iftner Thomas
Published: July 2010

The binding of the papillomavirus E6 protein to E6AP and the induction of p53 degradation are common features of high-risk genital human papillomaviruses (HPV); cutaneous HPVs, on the other hand, lack these capacities. Nevertheless, several cutaneous HPV types of the β-genus, such as HPV38 are associated with tumor formation when combined with genetic predisposition, immunosuppression, or UV exposure. In an animal model system, the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) rapidly induces skin cancer without additional cofactors, and CRPVE6 and E7 immortalize rabbit keratinocytes in vitro. However, CRPVE6 neither interacts with E6AP and p53 nor does it induce p53 degradation. In this study, we show that the interaction of CRPVE6, or HPV38E6, with the histone acetyltransferase p300 is crucial to inhibit the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis. Strikingly, E6 mutants deficient for p300 binding are incapable of preventing p53 acetylation, p53-dependent transcription, and apoptosis induction. Moreover, E6 mutants deficient for p300 binding cannot contribute to HPV38-induced immortalization of human keratinocytes or CRPV-induced tumor formation. Our findings highlight changes in the p53 acetylation status mediated by the viral E6 protein as a crucial requirement in the ability of high-risk cutaneous papillomaviruses to immortalize primary keratinocytes and induce tumors. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6913–24. ©2010 AACR.
Overexpression of CD133 Promotes Drug Resistance in C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Angelastro James M. , Lamé Michael W.
Published: July 2010

Glioblastoma multiforme is an extremely aggressive and clinically unresponsive form of cancer. Transformed neoplastic neural stem cells, resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are thought to be responsible for the initial tumor formation and the recurrence of disease following surgical resection. These stem cells express multidrug resistance markers along with CD133. We show that ectopic overexpression of CD133 in rat C6 glioma cells leads to significant reluctance to undergo apoptosis from camptothecin and doxorubicin. Although p53 was upregulated in CD133-overexpressing glioma cells treated with DNA-damaging agents, apoptosis seems to be p53 independent. At least one ABC transporter, rat P-glycoprotein/ABCB1, was upregulated by 62% in CD133+ cells with a corresponding increase in activity. Thus, the combination of higher P-glycoprotein mRNA transcription and elevated transporter activity seems to contribute to the protection from cytotoxic reagents. In conclusion, previous investigators have reported that resilient cancer stem cells coexpress CD133 and ABC transporters with increased reluctance toward apoptosis. Our data suggest that CD133 may contribute to the observed resistance to apoptosis of CD133+ cancer stem cells. Mol Cancer Res; 8(8); 1105–15. ©2010 AACR.
Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer with Green Tea Polyphenols
Authors: Kim Joseph W. , Amin A.R.M. Ruhul , Shin Dong M.
Published: July 2010

Recently, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck chemoprevention research has made major advances with novel clinical trial designs suited for the purpose, use of biomarkers to identify high-risk patients, and the emergence of numerous molecularly targeted agents and natural dietary compounds. Among many natural compounds, green tea polyphenols, particularly (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), possess remarkable potential as chemopreventive agents. EGCG modulates several key molecular signaling pathways at multiple levels and has synergistic or additive effects when combined with many other natural or synthetic compounds. This review will provide an update of the potential of green tea polyphenols, particularly EGCG, for the chemoprevention of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 900–9. ©2010 AACR.
Estrogen Stimulates the Expression of Mismatch Repair Gene hMLH1 in Colonic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Jin Peng , Lu Xiao-juan , Sheng Jian-qiu , Fu Lei , Meng Xiao-ming , Wang Xin , Shi Tai-ping , Li Shi-rong , Rao Jianyu
Published: July 2010

Estrogen is reported to have a protective effect on colon cancer; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Impaired mismatch repair plays an important role in colonic carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of estrogen on regulating mismatch repair expression in colonic epithelial cells. In cultured COLO205 cells, the effect of estradiol (E2) and antagonist ICI182.780 on the expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 was studied using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. The correlation between serum level E2 and the expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in colonic mucosal tissue of 42 healthy individuals was also examined using reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. E2 increased the expression of hMLH1 in COLO205 cells, which was suppressed by ICI182.780. However, the effect of E2 on hMSH2 expression was not significant in COLO205 cells. In healthy individuals, a strong positive correlation of E2 level with hMLH1 expression in normal colonic epithelial cell was observed when serum E2 level was >45 pg/mL, but no correlation was seen between E2 and hMSH2 expression. E2 affects the expression of hMLH1 but not hMSH2 in vitro, and high serum E2 level correlates with hMLH1 expression in vivo. These findings suggest that the anticolonic cancer effect of estrogen may be related to hMLH1 regulation. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 910–6. ©2010 AACR.
Neural Precursors of Delayed Insight
Authors: Darsaud Annabelle , Wagner Ullrich , Balteau Evelyne , Desseilles Martin , Sterpenich Virginie , Vandewalle Gilles , Albouy Geneviève , Dang-Vu Thanh , Collette Fabienne , Boly Melanie , Schabus Manuel , Degueldre Christian , Luxen Andre , Maquet Pierre
Published: July 2010

The solution of a problem left unresolved in the evening can sometimes pop into mind as a sudden insight after a night of sleep in the following morning. Although favorable effects of sleep on insightful behavior have been experimentally confirmed, the neural mechanisms determining this delayed insight remain unknown. Here, using fMRI, we characterize the neural precursors of delayed insight in the number reduction task (NRT), in which a hidden task structure can be learned implicitly, but can also be recognized explicitly in an insightful process, allowing immediate qualitative improvement in task performance. Normal volunteers practiced the NRT during two fMRI sessions (training and retest), taking place 12 hours apart after a night of sleep. After this delay, half of the subjects gained insight into the hidden task structure (“solvers,” S), whereas the other half did not (“nonsolvers,” NS). Already at training, solvers and nonsolvers differed in their cerebral responses associated with implicit learning. In future solvers, responses were observed in the superior frontal sulcus, posterior parietal cortex, and the insula, three areas mediating controlled processes and supporting early learning and novice performance. In contrast, implicit learning was related to significant responses in the hippocampus in nonsolvers. Moreover, the hippocampus was functionally coupled with the basal ganglia in nonsolvers and with the superior frontal sulcus in solvers, thus potentially biasing participants' strategy towards implicit or controlled processes of memory encoding, respectively. Furthermore, in solvers but not in nonsolvers, response patterns were further transformed overnight, with enhanced responses in ventral medial prefrontal cortex, an area previously implicated in the consolidation of declarative memory. During retest in solvers, before they gain insight into the hidden rule, significant responses were observed in the same medial prefrontal area. After insight, a distributed set of parietal and frontal areas is recruited among which information concerning the hidden rule can be shared in a so-called global workspace.
Reinforcement of EPDM/SmBO3 and EPDM/ATO Composites by Four Polyolefins: Assessment of Branch Content and Crystallinity
Authors: Su Jun , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2010

From Van Gurp plot, it was found that low-density polyethylene possesses long branches. The larger number of short branches would consume more peroxide and lower the maximum toque (MH) in cure curves. Rheological studies show the complex viscosity of polypropylene (PP) is the highest among four polyolefins. But PP would undergo beta-scission, which would consume peroxide and also lower the MH. Moreover, the acidic Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) would retard the cure and descend the chemical crosslink points, which would facilitate the motion of ethylene chain and enhance the crystallinity of polyolefin in ethylene-propylene-diene monomer composites.
Evaluation of the Positive Predictive Value of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Beta–Gamma Bridging for Hepatic Disease in Three Domestic Animal Species
Authors: Camus M. S. , Krimer P. M. , LeRoy B. E. , Almy F. S.
Published: July 2010

Beta–gamma bridging (β-γ bridging) on serum protein electrophoresis is touted as being virtually pathognomonic for hepatic disease. However, the criteria for β-γ bridging are not defined, and few publications support a relationship between β-γ bridging and liver disease. The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatic pathology in animals with β-γ bridging. All serum protein electrophoretograms from clinical patients generated at the University of Georgia between 1994 and 2008 were evaluated for the presence of β-γ bridging, defined as (1) an albumin:globulin ratio below the reference interval; (2) indistinct separation between all β and γ globulin fractions or between the β2 and γ fractions, with a negative shoulder slope of < 5%; and (3) predominance of γ proteins versus β proteins. Of the 237 electrophoretograms examined, 25 (11 dogs, 11 cats, 3 horses) met the inclusion criteria for β-γ bridging. Patients were classified into disease categories on the basis of biochemical, cytologic, and/or histologic findings. Positive predictive values of β-γ bridging for hepatic and infectious diseases were determined with a one-sided exact binomial test. Of 25 animals, 8 had evidence for hepatic disease, whereas 9 had infectious diseases. As such, the positive predictive value of β-γ bridging for hepatic disease was 32.0%, with a 95% confidence interval of 15.0% to 53.5% ( P < .001), whereas for infectious disease, the positive predictive value was 36.0%, with a similar confidence interval. Beta–gamma bridging is not pathognomonic for liver diseases and is as frequently found with infectious diseases.
Asymmetry of visual function in migraine with aura: Correlation with lateralisation of headache and aura
Authors: Khalil Nofal M , Nicotra Alessia , Wilkins Arnold J
Published: July 2010

Background: Asymmetry of visual phenomena and headache is an important feature of migraine with aura.

Methods: This asymmetry was explored by assessment of visual illusions, hemifield spatial contrast detection (HCD) and hemifield pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (HVEPs) in 47 migraineurs with aura (MA), who were not taking prophylactic medications, and 62 controls with the same age range (16–59).

Results: Illusions were greater and HCD was poorer in MA than in controls. There were no group differences with respect to P100 amplitude. The longer the duration of migraine the poorer the HCD. When the aura was consistently unilateral it was associated with greater illusions, reduced HCD and reduced hemifield P100 amplitude. These findings were not related to the side of headache.

Conclusion: The lateralised changes suggest that the visual dysfunction occurs at a cortical level, and the correlation with the side of the aura suggests that dysfunction is most likely to occur in an area of preexisting anomaly of neural function.
Public understanding of the politics of global warming in the news media: the hostile media approach
Authors: Kim Kyun Soo
Published: July 2010

This study uses the politics of global warming in the US to investigate an affective mechanism of hostile media perception and the democratic consequences of such perception, in an effort to delineate audience and journalistic barriers to stimulating urgent concern about climate change. The study confirms that partisanship played a significant role in perceptual differences with regard to media bias in an important area of science journalism—climate change. News consumers’ anger perception was tested as a mediator in seeking an affective mechanism of hostile media perception. Hostile media perception has important democratic consequences in that it is positively associated with individuals’ trust in news coverage of global warming and with selective media use.
Human Capital, Resources, and Healthy Childbearing for Mexican Women in a New Destination Immigrant Community
Authors: Bernosky de Flores Catherine H.
Published: July 2010

Purpose: To describe a healthy mother, a healthy pregnancy, a healthy baby, and the resources essential for achieving these goals from the perspective of Mexican women in a new destination immigrant community in the United States. Background: Traditional care and health behaviors are often cited to explain the favorable birth outcomes of Mexican-born women in the United States. Little is known about the approaches Mexican women use to have healthy babies in new destination communities. Sample: Eleven Mexican women of childbearing age in the early years of their settlement participated in semifocused ethnographic interviews. Findings: Healthy mothers have good nutrition and abstain from substance use. Healthy pregnancies are worry-free and tranquil, and healthy behaviors are supported by networks of people with good morals who motivate women and provide sound advice. Information needs include vitamin supplementation before and after pregnancy and family planning. English skills and having the courage to go out and meet people are vital for healthy childbearing. Conclusions and Implications: Informed prenatal care programs preserve diet and low substance use behaviors, reduce stress, and provide networking opportunities and information about family planning, prenatal care services, nutrition, and folic acid supplementation.
Correlation Between Eosinophilia and Nasal Features in Allergic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lasisi Akeem Olawale , Lawal Hakeem O. , Ogun G. O. , Oluwasola A. , Odubanjo M. O. , Salisu Alli , Aremu Shuaib K.
Published: July 2010

A characteristic feature of nasal allergy is local accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly mast cells and eosinophils, and their mediators, which have been implicated to be responsible for symptoms and signs of allergies. This prospective study tested the hypothesis that severity of nasal symptoms at presentation was related to the presence of nasal eosinophilia, using consecutive patients with allergic rhinitis attending the outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between March and December 2008. Excluded were those who had commenced antihistamine and similar antiallergy drugs. Nasal eosinophilia, skin sensitivity, sinus radiograph, and clinical features were graded using standard classification. The study was composed of 49 subjects (28 males and 21 females). The subjects’ age ranged from 7 to 53 years (mean ± SD: 28 ± 4 years). Nasal eosinophilia and abnormal skin sensitivity response were seen in 41 (83.8%) and 37 (75.5%) subjects, respectively. Rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction constituted 42 (85.7%), 31 (63.3%), and 21 (42.9%), respectively, while inferior turbinate enlargement and radiological involvement were seen in 29 (59.2%) and 36 (73.5%) patients. The Spearman correlation test revealed a significant association between nasal smear eosinophilia and rhinorrhea (P = .008) and sneezing (P = .04), although there was no significant association with other variables. The authors conclude that the degree of nasal eosinophilia may be useful in predicting the severity of rhinorrhea and sneezing among the clinical features of nasal allergy.
TRAIL sensitize MDR cells to MDR-related drugs by down-regulation of P-glycoprotein through inhibition of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and activation of caspases
Authors: Seo Suk-Bin , Hur Jung-Gu , Kim Mi-Ju , Lee Jae-Won , Kim Hak-Bong , Bae Jae-Ho , Kim Dong-Wan , Kang Chi-Dug , Kim Sun-Hee
Published: July 2010

Background

The development of new modulator possessing high efficacy, low toxicity and high selectivity is a pivotal approach to overcome P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatment. In this study, we suggest a new molecular mechanism that TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) down-regulates P-glycoprotein (P-gp) through inhibition of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and activation of caspases and thereby sensitize MDR cells to MDR-related drugs.

Results

MDR variants, CEM/VLB10-2, CEM/VLB55-8and CEM/VLB100cells, with gradually increased levels of P-gp derived from human lymphoblastic leukemia CEM cells, were gradually more susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity than parental CEM cells. The P-gp level of MDR variants was positively correlated with the levels of DNA-PKcs, pAkt, pGSK-3β and c-Myc as well as DR5 and negatively correlated with the level of c-FLIPs. Hypersensitivity of CEM/VLB100cells to TRAIL was accompanied by the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as well as the activation of initiator caspases. In addition, TRAIL-induced down-regulation of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and c-FLIP and up-regulation of cell surface expression of death receptors were associated with the increased susceptibility to TRAIL of MDR cells. Moreover, TRAIL inhibited P-gp efflux function via caspase-3-dependent degradation of P-gp as well as DNA-PKcs and subsequently sensitized MDR cells to MDR-related drugs such as vinblastine and doxorubicin. We also found that suppression of DNA-PKcs by siRNA enhanced the susceptibility of MDR cells to vincristine as well as TRAIL via down-regulation of c-FLIP and P-gp expression and up-regulation of DR5.

Conclusion

This study showed for the first time that the MDR variant of CEM cells was hypersensitive to TRAIL due to up-regulation of DR5 and concomitant down-regulation of c-FLIP, and degradation of P-gp and DNA-PKcs by activation of caspase-3 might be important determinants of TRAIL-induced sensitization of MDR cells to MDR-related drugs. Therefore, combination of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs may be a good strategy for treatment of cancer with multidrug resistance.
Studies in the Genetics of Triticum vavilovi Jakub
Authors: Singh H. B. , Anderson Edgar , Pal B. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Triticum vavilovi, a lesser known hexaploid wheat, was successfully crossed reciprocally with T. sphaero‐coccum and with 3 strains of T. vulgare to aid in determining its taxonomic status and genetic relationships. The F1 plants were comparatively normal in appearance and fertility. Most F2 plants had highly fertile pollen though sterility was observed in some. A few F2 plants of the sphaerococcum cross were highly to completely seed sterile. In general the data suggest that T. vavilovi is more closely related to T. vulgare than its superficial appearance might indicate.
Joint Effects of Maximum Temperatures and Rainfall on Corn Yields, Experiment, Georgia1
Authors: Stacy S. V. , Steanson Oscar , Jones L. S. , Foreman W. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Maximum daily temperatures and rainfall averaged by 5‐day periods for 18 periods during each growing season of a 38 year span were related to corn yields at Experiment, Georgia, using a set of second‐degree orthogonal polynomials as regression integrals. Results indicated that high temperatures near the end of the growing season are beneficial if rainfall is adequate. High temperatures when no rainfall occurs causes greatest damage in the first half of June. The value of an inch of rainfall declines for a time after the usual planting date and then increases sharply during the later part of the growing season, especially when associated with the higher temperatures which are normal for that period.
Heritability In Standard Units1
Authors: Frey K. J. , Horner T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A comparison was made between heritability percentages calculated by two regression methods, the conventional, and the standard unit or correlation. Their comparative reliability was determined by comparing predicted and actual gains in hypothetical selection experiments for date of heading in oat crosses. In an F3—F4 selection experiment, the mean actual and predicted gain in days was 2.8 and 1.5 respectively when conventional heritabilities were used. With the standard unit method, the predicted and actual gains were both 0.9 standard deviation units. In an F2‐F4 comparison, both methods showed satisfactory agreement between actual and predicted gains.
Effect of Various Sources of Nitrogen on Rice Paddy Yield1
Authors: Wahhab A. , Bhatti H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Ammonium nitrogen gave much better rice yields than nitrate nitrogen. Calcium cyanamide and urea were also more effective than nitrate nitrogen. Nitrate nitrogen applied just before heading proved more beneficial to rice than that applied at the early stage of plant growth. Generally, ammonium sulphate increased rice yields more than the other nitrogen fertilizers tested.
Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil as Influenced by Competition from Weeds and Companion Crops1
Authors: Scholl J. M. , Staniforth D. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seeding without a companion crop, reducing competition from companion crop by grazing and the use of selective herbicides are means of increasing chances of successful establishment of birdsfoot trefoil. Pre‐emergence applications of TCA or post‐emergence dalapon have controlled grassy weeds and enhanced survival and vigor of trefoil seedlings. A combination of dalapon and 4(2,4‐DB) has shown promise of controlling grasses and many broadleaf weeds without serious injury to the trefoil.
Effect on Loaf Volume of High Temperatures During the Fruiting Period of Wheat1
Authors: Finney Karl F. , Fryer H. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The effect of temperature during the wheat fruiting period on dough mixing time and loaf volume of bread was studied graphically and statistically for 513 samples of hard winter and spring wheat varieties grown under a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Loaf volume and mixing time decreased, in general, with increasing accumulated degrees F. above 90 during the last 15 days of die fruiting period.
Influence of Inorganic Nitrogen on Nitrogen Fixation by Legumes as Revealed by N151
Authors: McAuliffe Clayton , Chamblee D. S. , Uribe‐Arango H. , Woodhouse W. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

N15‐labeled fertilizer was used to determine the ratio of absorption of fixed vs. applied nitrogen by two legumes. Seedlings of both Ladino clover and alfalfa as well as established Ladino clover plants absorbed applied N fertilizer. Nitrogen fixation was reduced by nitrogen application, with the degree of reduction being definitely related to the amount of nitrogen applied.
Reduction of Self‐pollination by High Night Temperature in Naturally Self‐fertilized Poa Annua L1
Authors: Hovin Arne W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

High night temperature arrested the normal development of Poa annua anthers without noticeably damaging the pistillate organs when plants with emerging panicles were transferred to a glasshouse with controlled night temperature. Pistillate panicles emerged 11 to 19 days after initiation of a treatment characterized by 29° C. maximum day temperature and 20° C. minimum night temperature. Following controlled pollination, approximately 96% of 274 seeds resulted in definite F1 hybrids in this naturally self‐pollinated species.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Duration of Clipping Period on Forage and Grain Yields of Oats, Wheat, and Rye1
Authors: Morris H. D. , Gardner F. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

High nitrogen fertilization was effective in maintaining grain yields of oats and rye clipped to mid‐February. Clipping to March 15 resulted in 75% or more reduction in grain yields of oats, wheat, and rye.
Effect of Tillage and Chemical Weed Control Practices on Soil Moisture Storage and Losses1
Authors: Wiese A. F. , Army T. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Total moisture storage and moisture distribution in the top 4 feet of a Pullman silty clay loam profile were not affected by tillage and weed control practices.

Three methods of fallow (disking, subsurface tillage and chemical weed control) were highly inefficient in storing precipitation. When weeds were properly controlled the efficiency of moisture storage under chemical fallow was equal to that under subsurface tillage.
Variation in Quantitative Characters of Soybeans After Seed Irradiation1
Authors: Rawlings J. O. , Hanway D. G. , Gardner C. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Irradiation of seeds of Adams and Hawkeye soybeans with X‐rays and thermal neutrons significantly increased the genetic variability for yield, plant height, maturity, and seed size. The estimates of genetic variance in the irradiation treatments averaged five times as large as those in the controls, and the predicted genetic gains from selection indicated that an advance could be made within each population for all characters except plant height.
Genotypic and Environmental Variances and Covariances in an Upland Cotton Cross of Interspecific Origin1
Authors: Al‐Jibouri H. A. , Miller P. A. , Robinson H. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Substantial amounts of genotypic variance were observed for eight yield and fiber traits. Progeny × environment and plot error variances were relatively small. Lint yield was highly positively correlated with lint percentage, and there was a strong negative relationship between these two traits and lint strength.
Effects of Green Manure Crops on Dryland Wheat Production in the Great Plains Area of Montana1
Authors: Army T. J. , Hide J. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Green manure crops of sweetclover, field peas, and winter rye grown during part of the fallow period had no beneficial effects on dryland wheat yields, test weight, or protein content, There was no evidence that continued use of green manures materially affected soil nitrogen or carbon content.
Genetic Shift During 30 Generations of Natural Selection in Barley1
Authors: Bal B. S. , Suneson C. A. , Ramage R. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Genetic shift, involving 19 of 21 characters studied, occurred during the evolutionary improvement of these populations. Parents contributed unequally, and persistent strong selection for seed size reduced it. Character associations increased under each of the three selection regimes.
Band versus Broadcast Fertilization of Alfalfa1
Authors: Brown B. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Banded superphosphate caused much greater seedling growth of alfalfa than the same amounts mixed with the soil but subsequent yields did not differ significantly. Regardless of placement, limestone or muriate of potash did not benefit establishment but later were very effective in maintaining stands and yields.
Effects of Moisture Stress and Temperature on Germination of Six Range Grasses1
Authors: McGinnies William J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Increased moisture stress delayed germination, reduced rate and 28‐day total of germination. Highest average germination was at 20° C. Under high moisture stress all species germinated better at 20 than at 10 or 30° C. Seed size showed positive correlation with germination at a stress of 15 atmospheres.
Effect of Row Spacing and Plant Population on Performance of Corn, Grain Sorghum and Forage Sorghum1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Laude H. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn performance was unsatisfactory in 20‐inch uncultivated rows. Grain and forage sorghums performed favorably in narrow rows. In grain sorghum, evaporative power of the air, soil temperature, light intensity, and evaporation from the soil surface decreased with decreasing row width.
Effect of Soil Fertility on Winter Killing of Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Adams Williams E. , Twersky Marvin
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

At high levels of nitrogen, winter injury to Coastal Bermudagrass decreased with increasing levels of applied potash, and at a given level of potash, injury increased with increasing levels of applied nitrogen.
Inheritance of Seed and Flower Colors in Flax1
Authors: Barnes D. K. , Culbertson J. O. , Lambert J. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The yellow seed color of each of 12 flax varieties was attributed to the homozygous condition of 1 or more of 3 recessive genes. Two of these genes also appeared to be pleiotropic for flower color, and 1 of the 2 apparently produced a sublethal effect. Two additional genes also affected color.
Soybean Ecology. I. Development‐Temperature Relationships from Controlled Environment Studies1
Authors: Brown D. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The average rate of development showed, a curvilinear relationship to temperature. The threshold or base occurred near 50° F. and the optimum near 86° F. The curve was parabolic for the range of temperatures used in this study.
Oat‐Pea or Oat‐Vetch Mixtures for Forage or Seed1
Authors: Robinson R. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

As forage crops, oat‐legume mixtures were superior to oats alone in both protein content and protein yield per acre. As feed‐grain crops, oat‐pea mixture was superior to oats alone or oats‐vetch in protein yield per acre. On a sandy soil, oat‐legume mixtures produced more forage and oat‐pea mixture produced more seed than did oats alone. On heavier soils, seed yields of the mixtures were less than those of oats alone.
The Dominant Role of Nitrogen in Leaching Losses from Soils in Humid Regions
Authors: Raney W. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The nitrate content of the drainage water was the predominating factor associated with the amount of bases in the leachate. The amount of drainage water, or the content of sulfur or chlorine in the leachate, showed little or no correlation.
Respiration of Forage Seed in Hermetically Sealed Cans1
Authors: Ching T. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Crimson clover seed respired less than perennial ryegrass seed stored under similar moisture and temperature conditions. Seed respiration was affected more by moisture content than by temperature. Carbon dioxide fixation was indicated in viable seed stored in hermetically sealed cans. Seed respiration decreased with increasing length of storage period.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Yield, Total Nitrogen Content, and Nitrogen Recovery of Six Grasses Grown Under Irrigation1
Authors: Dotzenko A. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Six grass species were evaluated for forage yield, total nitrogen content, and percentage nitrogen recovery under 5 levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing the nitrogen rate from 0 to 640 pounds per acre annually increased the forage production and the percent total nitrogen content but reduced the percentage nitrogen recovered. Loss in stand of some grass species occurred at the higher rates of nitrogen.
Some Effects of Liming, Fertilization, and Soil Moisture on Seedling Growth and Nodulation in Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: McKee G. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The pH limits for nodulation were 4.5 and 7.9. However, growth and survival of the seedlings, as well as subsequent nodulation, were satisfactory only in a pH range of 6.2 to 7.5. Nodulation was retarded and depressed more than top or root growth by various liming and fertilizer treatments and by inadequate soil moisture. Nodulation may be retarded or completely inhibited on soils subjected to desiccation or to alternating periods of moisture and drouth.
Effects of Interval and Height of Mowing on Growth of Merion and Common Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L)1
Authors: Juska Felix V. , Hanson A. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cutting height influenced the quantity of roots to a greater degree than cutting frequency. Frequent mowing will not permit a decrease in mowing height without a reduction in the quantity of roots.
Relationships Between Soybean Yield and Concentrations of Phosphorus and Potassium in Plant Parts1
Authors: Miller R. J. , Pesek J. T. , Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A multiple regression analysis showed that over 80% of the variation in soybean yield was accounted for by the variation in the P and K contents of some plant parts. These results were obtained in an experiment on a fine sandy loam in which applications of P and K fertilizers significantly affected grain yield and P and K content of soybean plants.
Growth Behavior and Management of Small Grains for Forage1
Authors: Holt Ethan C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Small grain growth was positively related to average daily temperature. The immediate response to any degree of defoliation was a loss in dry weight of the crown. The recovery period was determined by the degree of defoliation. Frequent defoliation reduced plant development and forage yield while height of cutting influenced the distribution of harvested forage during the season but not total yield.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake from Fertilizer Bands: V. Mechanisms Responsible for Intensive Root Development in Fertilized Zones1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen‐fertilized roots were consistently higher in growth activity than roots not fertilized with nitrogen on a total roots per treatment basis. Phosphorus‐fertilized root extracts had less growth activity than nitrogen‐fertilized root extracts, and about equal or less growth activity than extracts from roots not fertilized with nitrogen or phosphorus.
Effect of Plant Spacing on the Development of Winter Wheat1
Authors: Wilson J. A. , Swanson A. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Reduction of wheat populations below 20 plants per square foot through systematic spacing of the individual plants produced progressively lower yields at each level. The adverse effects of reduced stand were reflected primarily in decreased head number per unit area and test weight. Head number per square foot was lowered by thinning to any level, but test weight did not decrease until the population was reduced below 10 plants per square foot.
Estimation of Effect Coefficients Relating Soil Test Values and Units of Added Fertilizer1
Authors: Voss Regis , Pesek John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The methodology for obtaining effect coefficients relating soil test units to fertilizer units from a multiple regression equation involving soil and fertilizer variables is presented. The developed procedures are empirically applied to a dry matter oat yield equation obtained from a greenhouse experiment involving soil and fertilizer N and P variables.
Effects of Four Amendments on Soil Physical and on Yield and Quality of Putting Greens1
Authors: Smalley R. R. , Pritchett W. L. , Hammond L. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Peat and vermiculite increased penetrability. Hydraulic conductivity was increased by fired clay and decreased by vermiculite and colloidal phosphate. Fired clay and peat increased noncapillary pore space while vermiculite and colloidal phosphate produced a decrease. Grass yield and quality were increased by vermiculite and colloidal phosphate treatments. Turf yield and quality decreased with an increase in hydraulic conductivity and in the force required to penetrate the soil. Bulk density was not a satisfactory index of grass‐producing ability of soil mixtures.
Method and Rate of Applying Zinc Sulfate for Corn on Zinc‐Deficient Soil in Western Nebraska1
Authors: Pumphrey F. V. , Koehler F. E. , Allmaras R. R. , Roberts Steve
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Application of 5 pounds of Zn per acre broadcast and plowed under before planting increased early growth and grain yield. Other methods of application were less effective. Greater rates of application increased Zn concentration in young and nearly mature corn. Small amounts of N banded with ZnSO4 enhanced the effectiveness of ZnSO4. Yields of corn grain were related to Zn concentration of the index leaf.
Controlling Release of Fertilizer Constituents by Means of Coatings and Capsules1
Authors: Dahnke W. C. , Attoe O. J. , Engelbert L. E. , Groskopp M. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Placement of fertilizers in polyethylene capsules effectively controlled the rate of release of the fertilizer constituents for corn and Kentucky bluegrass in the field, but did not significantly increase yield or recovery of the constituents. In the greenhouse, significant increases in recovery of N were obtained by corn for (NH4)2SO4 coated with wax and pelleted, but yields were not significantly affected.
Serological Groups of Rhizobium japonicum Recovered from Nodules of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Field Soils1
Authors: Johnson Herbert W. , Means Ura Mae
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Groupings of isolates indicated a different population of bacteria in the nodules of plants grown in different soils. In 5 of 6 soils, 49 to 82% of the isolates were of 1 or 2 predominant groups with the predominant groups differing among soils. Populations of bacteria in nodules of greenhouse and field plants grown in a given soil were essentially the same.
Effect of Fertilizers on the Quality of Vegetables1
Authors: Vittum M. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Published reports indicate that, although mineral fertilizers can increase nutritional value of vegetables, their chief effect on quality is correction of defects caused by nutrient deficiencies. A well fertilized crop is usually a high quality crop.
Relative Efficiency of Seed‐and‐Soil‐Applied Molybdenum Fertilizer1
Authors: Reisenauer H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seed‐applied Mo fertilizers produced significantly greater increases in vine N content and yield of peas than equivalent soil treatments produced, and they were from 30 to 60 times more efficient, as measured by Mo uptake.
Effect of Fatty Alcohol on Evaporation and Transpiration1
Authors: Aubertin G. M. , Gorsline G. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Total water usage, evaporation, and plant growth were reduced. Transpiration was reduced by the first increment of fatty alcohol, due to decreased plant growth, but no further change occurred with additional increments. All treatments required the same amount of transpiration water to produce one gram of oven‐dry material. Total water usage per gram of material actually increased with the addition of alcohol because plant growth was decreased proportionately more than transpiration.
Stand Longevity Studies with Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: Miller John D. , Kreitlow K. W. , Drake C. R. , Henson P. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Disease scores, stand counts, and yields and the interrelation of these factors were studied. Stands declined rather steadily and root diseases became more serious with time. Yields varied widely from season to season. Correlations were generally significant.
Effect of Plant Population and Planting Pattern of Corn on Water Use and Yield1
Authors: Yao Augustine Y. M. , Shaw R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

There was less water use from a 21‐inch row spacing than for 32‐ or 42‐inch spacings. A higher rate of water use occurred with higher stands, but the increase in water use was much smaller than the stand increase. The efficiency of water use was highest on the 21‐inch row spacing and the lowest on the 42‐inch spacing.
Energy Balance as Affected by Height and Maturity of Sudangrass1
Authors: Fritschen Leo J. , van Bavel C. H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Evapotranspiration rates of 75‐ and 100‐cm. crops of sudangrass were similar and considerably larger than that of the 140‐cm. height. This difference appeared to be due to the presence of seedheads rather than physiological maturity. It was also shown, for days of similar energy input, that evapotranspiration increased with wind speed. These facts emphasize the point that for well‐watered sudangrass, physical rather than physiological factors regulated the evapotranspiration.
Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Effects Upon Nutrient Absorption by Barley1
Authors: Power J. F. , Grunes D. L. , Reichman G. A. , Willis W. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

N and P absorption by barley was maximum at soil temperatures near optimum for dry matter production. Optimum temperatures were 52 to 59° F. for a soil low in P, and slightly higher for a soil higher in NaHCO3‐soluble P. Fertilizer P absorption was more dependent upon soil temperature than was the absorption of soil P. The relation between dry weights and percent P in plant tops varied with temperature. The “critical level” for P was lowest, and the efficiency of P utilization was highest at the 59° F. temperature.
Yield and Chemical Composition of Sudangrass and Forage Sorghum Under Three Systems of Summer Management for Late Fall in Situ Utilization1
Authors: Burns J. C. , Wedin W. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

After‐frost sampling of the aftermaths of forage sorghum and sudangrass from 3 summer cuts, 1 summer cut, and no summer cuts showed no significant change in dry matter yield or percent crude protein. A significant linear increase in percent crude fiber within managements was noted; concentrations of prussic acid decreased sharply. When stockpiled, mature forage sorghum resulted in lower percent crude fiber than immature stages and appreciably lower than comparable growth stages of sudangrass.
Phosphorus Availability in Reddish Brown Lateritic Soils. I. Laboratory Studies1
Authors: Alban L. A. , Vacharotayan S. , Jackson T. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

NH4F extracted Al‐phosphates plus monoor di‐calcium phosphate, NaOH extracted Fe‐phosphates, and H2SO4 extracted calcium phosphates remaining in the sample. Adding mono‐calcium phosphorus to 2 soils increased the NH4F‐ and the NaOH‐extractable P but had no effect on the H2SO4‐extractable P. NH4F‐ and H2SO4‐extractable P in soil correlated best with P content of oats and clover. Uptake of P by oats and clover during a cropping period was significantly correlated with loss of NH4F‐extractable P from the soil.
Relationship of Stem Solidness to Yield and Lignin Content in Wheat Selections1
Authors: McNeal F. H. , Watson C. A. , Berg M. A. , Wallace L. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Highly significant r values of −0.846 in 1962 and −0.825 in 1963 were obtained between bushels per acre and stem solidness in a Thatcher6 ✕ Rescue cross. Lignin content of selections in 1962 was not associated with stem solidness, percent sawfly tunneling, or percent sawfly cutting.
A Comparison of Pearl Millet, Sudangrass and Sorghum‐Sudangrass Hybrid as Pasture for Lactating Dairy Cows1
Authors: Clark N. A. , Hemken R. W. , Vandersall J. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Comparable dry matter yields, carrying capacity, and milk yields were obtained from all pastures. Significant depression of butterfat occurred in cows grazing pearl millet. High grain levels depressed butterfat regardless of forage treatment and was additive to butterfat depression of cows grazing pearl millet. Crude protein showed seasonal variation in all years, but substantial differences between forages occurred only in 1962. Nitrate levels in pearl millet were generally higher than in the other forages.
Soil Strength and Seedling Emergence Relations. I. Soil Type, Moisture Tension, Temperature, and Planting Depth Effects1
Authors: Parker J. J. , Taylor H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In laboratory studies, the relation between soil strength and grain sorghum emergence was established for 6 soils. Soil moisture tension, planting depth and plant species affected the emergencea at specified soil strengths. Soil temperaturea ffected the rate of sorghum emergence but not the relation between soil strength and final emergence.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen Utilization by Rape, Flax, and Wheat1
Authors: Racz G. J. , Webber M. D. , Soper R. J. , Hedlin R. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus gave a larger increase in yield of rape than of wheat or flax. This appeared to be due to the more rapid uptake and the greater requirement of rape for these elements.
Comparative Efficiency of Liquid and Peat‐Base Inoculants on Field‐Grown Soybeans (Glycine max)1
Authors: Burton J. C. , Curley R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Both types of inoculant were effective when the seed were planted 1 day after inoculating, but when seed were held for 7, 14, or 21 days before planting, the peat‐base inoculant proved superior in bringing about effective nodulation and higher yields. The efficiency of the liquid inoculum for preinoculating soybeans was not improved appreciably by increasing the number of rhizobia 2½ times. Possible explanations of the superiority of the peat base inoculum are discussed.
Effectiveness of Preplanting Tillage in Relation to Herbicides in Controlling Johnsongrass for Soybean Production1
Authors: McWhorter C. G. , Hartwig E. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Adequate control of established johnsongrass in soybeans was obtained by use of summer‐fallow cultivation or intensive preplanting tillage. Soybeans planted following 6 to 10 diskings yielded more than soybeans grown in the conventional manner and as much as soybeans grown in plots where johnsongrass was controlled with herbicides. Disking appeared to provide more control than chemicals applied as recommended. The effectiveness of frequent disking in johnsongrass control appeared to be directly related to rhizome dehydration.