bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do cognitive abilities reduce eyewitness susceptibility to the misinformation effect? A systematic review
Authors: Brassil Maryanne , O’Mahony Cian , Greene Ciara M.
Published: May 2024

The fact that memories can be distorted by post-event misinformation has cast considerable doubt over the dependability of eyewitness evidence in legal contexts. However, despite its adverse practical implications, the misinformation effect is likely an unavoidable distortion stemming from the reconstructive nature of episodic memory. Certain cognitive abilities have been reported to offer protection against misinformation, suggesting that mechanisms aside from episodic memory may also be underpinning this type of memory distortion. The purpose of this review was to collate findings of associations between eyewitness misinformation susceptibility and individual differences in cognitive ability in adults aged 18 and over. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria for this review, including 23 distinct associations. Using a narrative synthesis, three categories of cognitive ability were identified as influencing susceptibility to misinformation: general intelligence and reasoning, perceptual abilities, and memory abilities. Across almost all categories, higher levels of ability were associated with reduced susceptibility to misinformation. While there is no indication that any one trait provides total immunity to the misinformation effect, there is a reasonable amount of evidence to suggest that several cognitive abilities create variance in individual levels of susceptibility. Future research should investigate not only if but how these cognitive abilities protect against misinformation distortions, for example, by contributing to more detailed encoding of the memory, enhancing discrepancy detection in the face of post-event misinformation, or improving source-monitoring during an eyewitness memory test.
Factores Asociados a la Reprobación de la Asignatura de Lógica y Algoritmos I de la Universidad de la Amazonia
Authors: Garcia Quintero John Arley , Velasco Sánchez Marleny , Pérez Rincón Néstor Julián , Aponte María Emilia
Published: May 2024

En esta investigación se destaca la importancia de la programación de computadoras en la educación superior, dada la alta demanda de la industria del software. Sin embargo, desarrollar esta habilidad es un desafío debido a la necesidad de competencias en lógica, matemáticas y resolución de problemas. La Universidad de la Amazonia enfrenta altos niveles de reprobación en la asignatura de Lógica y Algoritmos I, lo que lleva a un aumento en las tasas de retención estudiantil y puede influir en la eficiencia de la calidad educativa. El estudio fue abordado desde enfoque cualitativo, ya que se centró en comprender las causas de la reprobación de los estudiantes en la asignatura previamente mencionada del programa de ingeniería de sistemas de la institución. Asimismo, el alcance es exploratorio, a partir de una revisión documental y descriptivo por medio de la entrevista la cual permitió conocer las opiniones de los encuestados. De acuerdo con la investigación, se concluye que existen aspectos diferentes a los académicos que se asocian a la reprobación de la asignatura como los problemas emocionales y familiares, los conocimientos previos y la motivación.
El impacto de un modelo didáctico basado en estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje en las competencias comunicativas en inglés de estudiantes de educación media: Un estudio en instituciones públicas del municipio de Mosquera
Authors: Pérez Romero Gina Marcela , Jiménez Ruiz Luz Karine
Published: May 2024

El estudio se propone evaluar cómo la personalización del proceso de enseñanza, basada en la adaptación a los estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje de cada estudiante, puede mejorar su capacidad para comunicarse en inglés. Este enfoque busca proporcionar una alternativa más efectiva a los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales que generalmente no satisfacen las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes. La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, empleando un diseño cuasi-experimental para recoger y analizar datos. Se evaluaron las competencias comunicativas en inglés de los estudiantes antes y después de implementar el modelo didáctico personalizado, utilizando instrumentos estandarizados de evaluación para medir los cambios en el desempeño de los estudiantes. Los resultados del estudio indican mejoras significativas en las competencias comunicativas en inglés de los estudiantes que participaron en el programa. La investigación mostró que adaptar las técnicas de enseñanza a los estilos de aprendizaje individuales no solo mejora el dominio del idioma, sino que también incrementa la motivación y el compromiso de los estudiantes con su aprendizaje. Estos hallazgos sugieren que un enfoque pedagógico personalizado es más efectivo en la mejora de las habilidades lingüísticas en comparación con los enfoques convencionales.
Non-surgical management of severe aplasia cutis congenital accompanied by a bone defect – a case study
Authors:   “Ovidius” University, Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania, Surdu Monica ,   Neonatology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Romania, Geanta Cristina-Ioana ,   Neonatology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Romania, Franciuc Irina ,   “Ovidius” University, Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania,   Neonatology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Romania, Oglinda Georgia Ioana ,   Neonatology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Romania, Surdu Traian Virgiliu ,   “Ovidius” University, Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania,   Techirghiol Balnear & Rehabilitation Sanatorium, Constanta, Romania
Published: May 2024

Background and objectives. Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare developmental disorder that is not fully understood. It is part of a diverse group of conditions characterized by the congenital absence of THE epidermis, dermis, and occasionally subcutaneous tissues or bone, often affecting the crown of the scalp. It frequently presents as an isolated condition but can also be associated with a syndrome. Among patients, scalp involvement is common; however, large scalp defects with skull involvement are uncommon. Materials and methods. We report the case of a newborn delivered at full term by cesarean section, 3200g, in Mangalia Municipal Hospital, later transferred to the Constanta Neonatology Department, Neonatal Intensive Care department, for 3 injuries with lack of substance, both in tegument and bone, of different sizes, at the level of the vertex and the occiput. Results. Given the fragile age, a conservative management approach was chosen. The wound was meticulously cleaned daily using sterile water, and a self-adhesive absorbent dressing with hydrocolloid was applied. This dressing promoted granulation and epithelialization, adjusting dynamically to the lesion size. The newborn remained hospitalized for 35 days until the closure of the most extensive skin lesion at the vertex. Conclusions. Aplasia cutis congenita can be managed using various treatment approaches, but a consensus on the optimal strategy remains elusive. While conservative treatment has been proposed, several authors have highlighted its limitations. The choice between conservative and surgical management should be personalized, considering factors such as lesion size, location, underlying etiology, and related abnormalities.
Analysis of Potential and Feasibility of Guest House Business in Rammang-Rammang Tourist Destination
Authors: Rahman Abdu , Abriani Andi , Fatmawati Andi
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth of the tourism and business sector in Maros Regency, especially with the popularity of Rammang-Rammang Tourism Attraction, has generated significant demand for accommodation. In response to this need, a study was conducted to evaluate the business potential of guest houses in the area. The research involves market surveys, marketing, and financial analysis. The results show that the guest house business has bright prospects, supported by high demand and positive financial analysis. Therefore, the guest house business in the Rammang-Rammang Tourism Attraction Area of Maros Regency is considered feasible to run. This study is expected to be a guide for potential entrepreneurs or investors who are interested in investing in the accommodation sector in the region.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Musyarakah Mudharabah dan Murabahah Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank BSI
Authors: Sawaldi Askat , Surur Miftakhus
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of musyarakah, mudharabah and murabahah financing on the profitability (ROE) of Bank Syariah Indonesia for the 2013-2023 period. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was used to analyze the financial data of Bank Syariah Indonesia from 2013 to 2023. The results of the analysis show that the three types of financing, both partially and simultaneously, have a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of Bank Syariah Indonesia. financial performance of Bank Syariah Indonesia. profitability of Indonesian Sharia Bank. These findings underline the importance of effective asset and capital management in improving the financial performance of Islamic banks. Thus, this research provides a better understanding of the relationship between types of sharia financing and bank profitability, as well as providing guidance for sharia bank management in making decisions to achieve better financial performance in the future.
Strategi Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Komunikasi Pemasaran Digital Pada Kedai Loeang Kopi Surabaya
Authors: Subagio Vinka Aurel
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini membahas strategi pemanfaatan Instagram sebagai media komunikasi pemasaran digital untuk Kedai Loeang Kopi Surabaya dengan mengadopsi strategi serupa dengan menargetkan kalangan anak muda aktif di Instagram dan menyajikan konten menarik yang memperkenalkan kedai kopi tersebut. Dengan demikian, Instagram dapat menjadi alat pemasaran digital yang efektif bagi kedai Loeang Kopi Surabaya untuk menjangkau masyarakat. Pendekatan teori pada penelitian ini adalah strategi komunikasi pemasaran dan new media. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kuasi kualitatif dengan fokus pada pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dengan tujuan dapat mengetahui sejauh mana proses strategi pemasaran digital di Instagram berhasil meningkatkan jangkauan dan minat beli Kedai Loeang Kopi Surabaya.
Comparision of Shear Bond Strength between Ethyl Alcohol Wet Bonding and Conventional Wet Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets – An Invitro Study
Authors: Kumar Shetty Sharath , N. Shravya , Kumar Y. Mahesh
Published: May 2024

Aim : The study aimed to assess the impact of ethyl alcohol wet bonding on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets compared to conventional wet bonding methods.  Materials and Methods : 12 premolar teeth were utilized and divided into two groups: conventional wet bonding and ethanol wet bonding. Each group followed its respective bonding protocol.After bonding, the teeth were immersed in water for complete polymerization.Shear bond strength was assessed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM).Statistical analysis was performed to compare the shear bond strength between the two groups.  Results : The mean shear bond strength observed in the ethyl alcohol wet bonding group was higher compared to the conventional wet bonding group.Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the shear bond strengths of the two groups, with ethyl alcohol wet bonding demonstrating superior results.  Conclusion : The mean shear bond strength achieved with ethyl alcohol wet bonding (6.5 MPa) falls within the optimal range as indicated by Reynolds et al. (1976).Ethanol could serve as a cost-effective alternative to MIP (presumably a bonding agent or adhesive used in conventional wet bonding). This study suggests that ethyl alcohol wet bonding may offer advantages in terms of shear bond strength compared to conventional wet bonding methods, potentially providing a viable alternative for orthodontic bracket bonding
Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art Speech Recognition Models for Low-Resource Marathi Language
Authors: Waghmare Suhas , Brahme Chirag , Panchal Siddhi , Sayed Numaan , Goud Mohit
Published: May 2024

In this research, we present a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art speech recognition models, Whisper by OpenAI and XLSR Wave2vec by Facebook, applied to the low-resource Marathi language. Leveraging the Common Voice 16 dataset, we evaluated the performance of these models using the word error rate (WER) metric. Our findings reveal that the Whisper (Small) model achieved a WER of 45%, while the XLSR Wave2vec model obtained a WER of 71%. This study sheds light on the capabilities and limitations of current speech recognition technologies for low-resource languages and provides valuable insights for further research and development in this domain.
A Twins with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Syafaryuni Mirza , Utama Armyn Andi Alief , Patimang Yulius , Amir Muzakkir , Mappangara Idar
Published: May 2024

Background: Twin pregnancies have a higher risk of congenital heart defects compared to singleton pregnancies. The most commonly found congenital heart defect in both monochorionic and dichorionic twin gestations is ventricular septal defect (VSD). Approximately 10% of individuals with congenital heart defects will develop pulmonary arterial hypertension-congenital heart disease (PH-CHD).  Case Presentation: We diagnosed an 11-year-old twin girl with ventricular septal defect. First Patient had a severe PH with mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) 68 and a defect size of 9-12 mm, while second patient had a mild PH with mPAP 30 and a defect size of 6-9 mm. The patient presented with failure to thrive, exercise intolerance during daily activities, and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Echocardiography and right heart catheterization (RHC) results showed that the first patient with VSD Left to Right Shunt with low flow high resistance, non-reactive oxygen test and pulmonary hypertension. The second patient with VSD Let to Right shunt. Both of the patients were diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, they received different treatments based on the RHC results.  Conclusion: Promptly addressing the long-term implications of CHD is essential to prevent pulmonary hypertension (PH) and systemic disorders. Advanced PH treatments are safe and can result in improved hemodynamic, exercise capacity, quality of life, growth and development and potentially survival.
Forensic Advantages and Disadvantages of Raman Spectroscopy Methods in Various Banknotes Analysis and the Observed Discordant Results
Authors: Murtala Kamba Ahmed , Hajara Ali Mutari
Published: May 2024

This work discussed and highlighted advantages and disadvantages of Raman spectroscopy methods in the analysis of various security areas of banknote around the world, trending in the current literature. Various methods applied on the three main security areas of banknotes investigation were considered – ink, prints and substrate security areas. Specifically, the advantages and disadvantages envisage from the various methods focuses on laser focal spot size used, Raman signal detection on the selected security areas and the samples detection efficiency of the various methods reported. The research also explains some discordant results observed in the various works conducted on similar security areas of different banknotes. Overall, Ink and print security analysis are the most widely analyzed security areas employed in the various researches, while the spectral analysis of substrate security area was the least explored area. The Raman forensic advantages of banknotes investigation outweighed the envisage disadvantages, and the most common disadvantage notice in the various methods are the fluorescent effect and single note detection (per analysis) limitation in the various methods.
HIGH-RISK HPV TYPES AND PATHOLOGY RESULTS IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-RISK HPV POSITIVE
Authors: Tokalıoglu Abdurrahman Alp , Şanlıer Nazlı Tunca , Tiryaki Güner Gülşah , Özkaya Uçar Yeşim , Kılıç Fatih , Yalçın Hakan Raşit , Turan Taner
Published: May 2024

Aim: We aimed to analyses the high-risk HPV type distribution and pathology results in high-risk HPV positive patients.
Materials and Methods: The research was retrospectively conducted and data was obtained from a tertiary gynecologic oncology colposcopy outpatient clinic. From September 2019 to December 2022, data from 3546 patients who tested positive for HPV and underwent colposcopic examination were analyzed. All patients granted the institution explicit permission to utilize their clinical data.
Results: A total of 3546 patients with a median age of 40 years (range, 18–77 years) were analysed. Patient’s HPV status was; 1169 (33%) patients were HPV 16, 343 (9.7%) patients were HPV 18, and 2318 (65.4%) patients were HPV others. The detailed HPV positive results of patients were that 888 (25.4%) patients were only HPV 16, 197 (5.6%) patients were only HPV 18, and 2097 (59.9%) patients were only HPV others. In the study cohort, 529 (14.9%) patients had CIN 2+ lesions. HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 were detected in 331 (62.5%) of 529 patients with CIN 2+ lesions. The final pathology result of 507 (14.3%) patients was CIN 2/3 and of 22 (0.6%) patients was cancer.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that while HPV other types were positive in two-thirds of the patients, HPV 16 and/or 18 were positive in more than four-fifths of the cancer cases. In the high-risk HPV positive patient group, HPV type can be used as a criterion when referring the patient to colposcopy
THE INFLUENCE OF CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE LOYALTY PROGRAMS’ FEATURES ON CUSTOMERS’ ATTITUDINAL, CONATIVE, AND BEHAVIOURAL LOYALTY
Authors: Zikienė Kristina , Kyguolienė Asta , Kisieliauskas Justinas
Published: May 2024

Companies allocate significant resources in loyalty programs with the primary goal of enhancing customer loyalty. However, the effectiveness of these programs is now a subject of academic debate. Scholars highlight concerns such as the creation of spurious loyalty, the need for perceived value, and evolving consumer expectations. To succeed in this changing landscape, companies must embrace creativity and innovation in their loyalty program design. As creativity and innovations in loyalty programs are new and little-studied phenomenon, a comprehensive assessment of potential creative and innovative features in loyalty programs is essential for a deeper understanding of their influence on customer loyalty. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of creative and innovative loyalty programs’ features on customers’ attitudinal, conative, and behavioural loyalty. 203 respondents took part in the research. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to reach the aim of the study. The research findings indicate that engagement-, gamification-, personalization-, and experience-based loyalty programs have an influence on customer loyalty. All four types of features of creative and innovative loyalty programs influence attitudinal and behaviour loyalty, and three types of features of loyalty programs, i.e., engagement-, gamification-, and experience-based, influence conative loyalty. The study findings underscore the importance of designing new features of loyalty programs that align with specific loyalty dimensions, as they can have differential effects on attitudinal, conative, and behavioural aspects of customer loyalty. Such insights are valuable for companies seeking to enhance customer loyalty through creative and innovative loyalty program design and implementation.
A 350 MHz Green Bank Telescope Survey of Unassociated Fermi LAT Sources: Discovery and Timing of 10 Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Bangale P. , Bhattacharyya B. , Camilo F. , Clark C. J. , Cognard I. , DeCesar M. E. , Ferrara E. C. , Gentile P. , Guillemot L. , Hessels J. W. T. , Johnson T. J. , Kerr M. , McLaughlin M. A. , Nieder L. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Roberts M. S. E. , Roy J. , Sanpa-arsa S. , Theureau G. , Wolff M. T.
Published: May 2024

We have searched for radio pulsations toward 49 Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) 1FGL Catalog γ-ray sources using the Green Bank Telescope at 350 MHz. We detected 18 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in blind searches of the data; 10 of these were discoveries unique to our survey. 16 are binaries, with eight having short orbital periods P

B
< 1 day. No radio pulsations from young pulsars were detected, although three targets are coincident with apparently radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars discovered in LAT data. Here, we give an overview of the survey and present radio and γ-ray timing results for the 10 MSPs discovered. These include the only isolated MSP discovered in our survey and six short-P

B
binary MSPs. Of these, three have very-low-mass companions (M

c
≪ 0.1 M
⊙) and hence belong to the class of black widow pulsars. Two have more massive, nondegenerate companions with extensive radio eclipses and orbitally modulated X-ray emission consistent with the redback class. Significant γ-ray pulsations have been detected from nine of the discoveries. This survey and similar efforts suggest that the majority of Galactic γ-ray sources at high Galactic latitudes are either MSPs or relatively nearby nonrecycled pulsars, with the latter having on average a much smaller radio/γ-ray beaming ratio as compared to MSPs. It also confirms that past surveys suffered from an observational bias against finding short-P

B
MSP systems.
Investigating the Drivers of Electron Temperature Variations in H ii Regions with Keck-KCWI and VLT-MUSE
Authors: Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Belfiore Francesco , Kreckel Kathryn , Méndez-Delgado J. Eduardo , Emsellem Eric , Groves Brent , Blanc Guillermo A. , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Klessen Ralf S. , Neumann Justus , Williams Thomas G.
Published: May 2024

H ii region electron temperatures are a critical ingredient in metallicity determinations, and recent observations have revealed systematic variations in the temperatures measured using different ions. We present electron temperatures (T

e
) measured using the optical auroral lines ([N ii]λ5756, [O ii]λ
λ7320, 7330, [S ii]λ
λ4069, 4076, [O iii]λ4363, and [S iii]λ6312) for a sample of H ii regions in seven nearby galaxies. We use observations from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby Galaxies survey (PHANGS) obtained with integral field spectrographs on Keck (Keck Cosmic Web Imager) and the Very Large Telescope (Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer). We compare the different T

e
measurements with H ii region and ISM environmental properties such as electron density, ionization parameter, molecular gas velocity dispersion, and stellar association/cluster mass and age obtained from PHANGS. We find that the temperatures from [O ii] and [S ii] are likely overestimated due to the presence of electron density inhomogeneities in H ii regions. We measure high [O iii] temperatures in a subset of regions with high molecular gas velocity dispersion and low ionization parameter, which may be explained by the presence of low-velocity shocks. In agreement with previous studies, the T
e–T
e between [N ii] and [S iii] temperatures have the lowest observed scatter and follow predictions from photoionization modeling, which suggests that these tracers reflect H ii region temperatures across the various ionization zones better than [O ii], [S ii], and [O iii].
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from Cross-correlations of unWISE Galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB Lensing
Authors: Farren Gerrit S. , Krolewski Alex , MacCrann Niall , Ferraro Simone , Abril-Cabezas Irene , An Rui , Atkins Zachary , Battaglia Nicholas , Bond J. Richard , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K. , Darwish Omar , Devlin Mark J. , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Dunkley Jo , Hill J. Colin , Hilton Matt , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Kim Joshua , Louis Thibaut , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , A. Marques Gabriela , McMahon Jeff , Moodley Kavilan , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Qu Frank J. , Schaan Emmanuel , Sehgal Neelima , Sherwin Blake D. , Sifón Cristóbal , Staggs Suzanne T. , Van Engelen Alexander , Vargas Cristian , Wenzl Lukas , White Martin , Wollack Edward J.
Published: May 2024

We present tomographic measurements of structure growth using cross-correlations of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR6 and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps with the unWISE Blue and Green galaxy samples, which span the redshift ranges 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.1 and 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.8, respectively. We improve on prior unWISE cross-correlations not just by making use of the new, high-precision ACT DR6 lensing maps, but also by including additional spectroscopic data for redshift calibration and by analyzing our measurements with a more flexible theoretical model. We determine the amplitude of matter fluctuations at low redshifts (z ≃ 0.2–1.6), finding

S

8

≡

σ

8

(

Ω

m

/

0.3
)

0.5

=
0.813
±
0.021

using the ACT cross-correlation alone and S
8 = 0.810 ± 0.015 with a combination of Planck and ACT cross-correlations; these measurements are fully consistent with the predictions from primary CMB measurements assuming standard structure growth. The addition of baryon acoustic oscillation data breaks the degeneracy between σ
8 and Ω
m
, allowing us to measure σ
8 = 0.813 ± 0.020 from the cross-correlation of unWISE with ACT and σ
8 = 0.813 ± 0.015 from the combination of cross-correlations with ACT and Planck. These results also agree with the expectations from primary CMB extrapolations in ΛCDM cosmology; the consistency of σ
8 derived from our two redshift samples at z ∼ 0.6 and 1.1 provides a further check of our cosmological model. Our results suggest that structure formation on linear scales is well described by ΛCDM even down to low redshifts z ≲ 1.
Sensitivity of Simulations of Double-detonation Type Ia Supernovae to Integration Methodology
Authors: Zingale Michael , Chen Zhi , Rasmussen Melissa , Polin Abigail , Katz Max , Smith Clark Alexander , Johnson Eric T.
Published: May 2024

We study the coupling of hydrodynamics and reactions in simulations of the double-detonation model for Type Ia supernovae. When assessing the convergence of simulations, the focus is usually on spatial resolution; however, the method of coupling the physics together as well as the tolerances used in integrating a reaction network also play an important role. In this paper, we explore how the choices made in both coupling and integrating the reaction portion of a simulation (operator/Strang splitting versus the simplified spectral deferred corrections method we introduced previously) influences the accuracy, efficiency, and nucleosynthesis of simulations of double detonations. We find no need to limit reaction rates or reduce the simulation time step to the reaction timescale. The entire simulation methodology used here is GPU-accelerated and made freely available as part of the Castro simulation code.
Methods for Incorporating Model Uncertainty into Exoplanet Atmospheric Analysis
Authors: Nixon Matthew C. , Welbanks Luis , McGill Peter , Kempton Eliza M.-R.
Published: May 2024

A key goal of exoplanet spectroscopy is to measure atmospheric properties, such as abundances of chemical species, in order to connect them to our understanding of atmospheric physics and planet formation. In this new era of high-quality JWST data, it is paramount that these measurement methods are robust. When comparing atmospheric models to observations, multiple candidate models may produce reasonable fits to the data. Typically, conclusions are reached by selecting the best-performing model according to some metric. This ignores model uncertainty in favor of specific model assumptions, potentially leading to measured atmospheric properties that are overconfident and/or incorrect. In this paper, we compare three ensemble methods for addressing model uncertainty by combining posterior distributions from multiple analyses: Bayesian model averaging, a variant of Bayesian model averaging using leave-one-out predictive densities, and stacking of predictive distributions. We demonstrate these methods by fitting the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) + Spitzer transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b using models with different cloud and haze prescriptions. All of our ensemble methods lead to uncertainties on retrieved parameters that are larger but more realistic and consistent with physical and chemical expectations. Since they have not typically accounted for model uncertainty, uncertainties of retrieved parameters from HST spectra have likely been underreported. We recommend stacking as the most robust model combination method. Our methods can be used to combine results from independent retrieval codes and from different models within one code. They are also widely applicable to other exoplanet analysis processes, such as combining results from different data reductions.
Evidence for an Outer Component in the Continuum Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Jiang Yuanzhe , Wu Xue-Bing , Ma Qinchun , Gu Huapeng , Wen Yuhan
Published: May 2024

Continuum reverberation mapping is widely used in studying the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Some indirect evidence and simulations have indicated that the diffuse continuum, especially the strong Balmer continuum from the broad-line region, may contribute to the continuum in the u/U band. Here, we present direct evidence for this contribution. In this work, we apply the ICCF-Cut method to continuum reverberation mapping to extract the possible diffuse continuum light curves of six AGNs, using high-cadence, high-quality, and multiband observations. We find the existence of an outer component out of the accretion disk for each of the six AGNs in the Swift U band. Meanwhile, similar results can be derived with the JAVELIN Photometric Reverberation Mapping Model for four of them. The lags of the outer components are consistent with the predicted Balmer continuum lags, which are about half of the Hβ lag values. Our result directly reinforces the understanding that an outer component, especially the Balmer continuum in the rest-frame u/U band, can contribute significantly to the continuum reverberation lags of AGNs.
Observations of the 2022 September 5 Solar Energetic Particle Event at 15 Solar Radii
Authors: Cohen C. M. S. , Leske R. A. , Christian E. R. , Cummings A. C. , de Nolfo G. A. , Desai M. I. , Giacalone J. , Hill M. E. , Labrador A. W. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Mitchell J. G. , Muro G. D. , Rankin J. S. , Schwadron N. A. , Sharma T. , Shen M. M. , Szalay J. R. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Xu Z. G. , Romeo O. , Vourlidas A. , Bale S. D. , Pulupa M. , Kasper J. C. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , Whittlesey P.
Published: May 2024

On 2022 September 5, Parker Solar Probe (Parker) observed a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event at the unprecedented distance of only 15 R
S from the Sun. The observations from the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) obtained over the course of this event are remarkably rich, and an overview is presented here. IS⊙IS is capable of measuring ions from 20 keV to over 100 MeV nuc−1 and electrons from 30 keV to 6 MeV; here, we primarily focus on the proton and helium measurements above 80 keV. Among the surprising results are evidence of inverse velocity dispersion at energies above 1 MeV during the onset of the event, a sharp decrease in the energetic particle intensities at all energies at the interplanetary shock crossing, and repeated short durations of highly anisotropic sunward flow. Many changes in the SEP intensities, anisotropy, and spectral steepness are coincident with solar wind structure boundaries identified using the Parker solar wind magnetic field and plasma data. However, there are significant changes that are not correlated with any clearly visible solar wind variation. The observations presented here serve as an introduction to a complex event with numerous opportunities for future, more in-depth studies.
Modeling of the Polytropic Index and Temperature Anisotropy in the Solar Wind
Authors: Desta Ephrem Tesfaye , Strauss R. D. , Engelbrecht N. E.
Published: May 2024

The polytropic index is a fundamental physical parameter related to the thermodynamic processes present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper investigates the theoretical relationship between the polytropic index and the temperature anisotropy for flow parameters relevant to space plasmas. The derivation is based on the Chew–Goldberger–Low double-adiabatic equations of state and the finite Larmor radius correction. On the basis of this, we present the polytropic index relation, taking into account the temperature anisotropy, flow speed, and magnetic field of the plasma. This relation was further analyzed for the limit of the quasi-parallel and quasi-transversal cases. The quasi-transversal limit gives a polytropic index as a function of the anisotropic temperature γ = 1 + 2[2T
⊥ − T
∥]/[2T
⊥ + T
∥]. Using this result, we analyze the polytropic index for the bulk proton parameters derived from Ulysses spacecraft data spanning the interval from 1992 January 1 to 2009 June 30, and we find an average polytropic index of γ ∼ 1.43. This value is close to that of recently published results. However, unlike previous statistical studies, this research computes the polytropic index without relying on power-law fitting, and its variation is now associated with the anisotropic temperature.
Cascade Radiations of e
± from γγ-annihilation Process as an Extra Component of the Early Optical/X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Xiong Ren-Jie , Huang Xiao-Li , Wang Ze-Rui
Published: May 2024

Chromatic break and/or plateau observed in the early optical and X-ray afterglow lightcurves challenge the conventional external shock models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Detection of TeV gamma-ray afterglows indicates strong gamma-ray production within the afterglow jets. We investigate the cascade radiations of the e
± production via the γ
γ interaction in the jets. Our numerical calculations show that the cascade synchrotron emission can make a significant contribution to the early optical/X-ray afterglows. The combination of the primary and cascade emission fluxes can shape a chromatic break and/or plateau in the early optical/X-ray lightcurves, depending on the jet properties. Applying our model to GRBs 050801 and 080310, we found that their optical plateaus and the late X-ray/optical lightcurves can be explained with our model in reasonable parameter values. We suggest that such a chromatic optical plateau could be a signature of strong e
± production in GRB afterglow jets. The TeV gamma-ray flux of such GRBs should be significantly reduced and hence tends to be detectable for those GRBs that have a single power-law decaying optical afterglow lightcurve.
Shift in the effects of invasive soil legacy on subsequent native and invasive trees driven by nitrogen deposition
Authors: Xu Zhenwei , Guo Xiao , Skálová Hana , Hu Yi , Wang Jingfeng , Li Mingyan , Guo Weihua
Published: May 2024

Invasive plants can interact with soil microbes to enhance their own performance. Such interactive effects may persist and later affect plant performance and their population dynamics. Such ‘invasive soil legacy’ is the specific plant–soil feedback that can affect future invasions, while it is not clear how nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition influence invasive soil legacy. Thus, we collected field soil and conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of soil legacy of the invasive tree Rhus typhina on the performance, functional traits and soil microbial communities of R. typhina and the native tree Ailanthus altissima under three nitrogen levels with and without interspecific competition. The experiment revealed that the outcomes of invasive soil legacies were context-specific and depended on local soil nutrient levels and species competition. Specifically, nitrogen addition changed the negative conspecific soil legacy on subsequent R. typhina to a positive effect, while it became negative in A. altissima. The invasive soil legacy promoted the transpirational rate of R. typhina and A. altissima in monoculture, but inhibited it in a mixture under nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen deposition reduced bacteria and fungi biomass of A. altissima in monocultures and mixtures. In contrast, nitrogen deposition decreased bacterial and fungal biomass of R. typhina in monocultures, but enhanced them in mixtures. Therefore, changes in plant growth, transpiration rate and soil microbial biomass might contribute to the different responses of invasive and native plants to invasive soil legacies. Nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition promote the viability of invasive plants from plant–soil feedback and indicate that ranges of subsequent plants might further expand through below-ground process under nitrogen deposition in the future.
Artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: from detection to diagnosis
Authors: Kim Eun Sun , Lee Kwang-Sig
Published: May 2024

This study reviews the recent progress of artificial intelligence for colonoscopy from detection to diagnosis. The source of data was 27 original studies in PubMed. The search terms were “colonoscopy” (title) and “deep learning” (abstract). The eligibility criteria were: (1) the dependent variable of gastrointestinal disease; (2) the interventions of deep learning for classification, detection and/or segmentation for colonoscopy; (3) the outcomes of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), precision, F1, intersection of union (IOU), Dice and/or inference frames per second (FPS); (3) the publication year of 2021 or later; (4) the publication language of English. Based on the results of this study, different deep learning methods would be appropriate for different tasks for colonoscopy, e.g., Efficientnet with neural architecture search (AUC 99.8%) in the case of classification, You Only Look Once with the instance tracking head (F1 96.3%) in the case of detection, and Unet with dense-dilation-residual blocks (Dice 97.3%) in the case of segmentation. Their performance measures reported varied within 74.0–95.0% for accuracy, 60.0–93.0% for sensitivity, 60.0–100.0% for specificity, 71.0–99.8% for the AUC, 70.1–93.3% for precision, 81.0–96.3% for F1, 57.2–89.5% for the IOU, 75.1–97.3% for Dice and 66–182 for FPS. In conclusion, artificial intelligence provides an effective, non-invasive decision support system for colonoscopy from detection to diagnosis.
Veillée d’armes
Authors: Haberey Gilles
Published: May 2024

La nuit avant la bataille n’est jamais tout à fait un temps de repos. Le corps, l’esprit et les sens restent en éveil, portés par les enjeux des combats du lendemain. Alors que se prépare une opération majeure en Afghanistan et que se rapproche le temps de l’action, le chef expérimente, malgré le calme apparemment protecteur de la nuit, l’attente, la solitude, le poids de ses responsabilités et l’appel à l’engagement individuel et collectif.
Penser l’apocalypse. Peut-on concilier éthique et dissuasion ?
Authors: Faure Nicolas
Published: May 2024

La puissance extrême de l’arme nucléaire fonde la logique de dissuasion qui structure l’ordre international depuis 1945. Plus récemment, la guerre en Ukraine et ses conséquences ont placé le narratif nucléaire au premier plan de la scène internationale. Cela pousse à en interroger la moralité. Rédigé avec un regard de praticien, cet article propose des clefs de compréhension sur le lien qui relie éthique et dissuasion nucléaire.
Orientation of New Graduate Registered Nurses Postpandemic: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Gierach Michelle , White Lynn L. , Miller Tara , Aukerman Ranae , Wolles Brenda
Published: May 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the rate of nurses leaving practice, which has highlighted the importance of new graduate nurse orientation. The literature has limited recommendations for orientation strategies.

Method:

The goal of this study was to determine what changes have occurred in orientation processes for new graduate nurses since the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of nurse leaders was used to examine changes and opportunities.

Results:

Leaders are more intentional with orientation processes, including frequent check-ins and increased discussion of time management, difficult conversations, and workplace violence. Individualized orientation plans are used, along with a stronger focus on nurse wellness.

Conclusion:

Recommendations include continuing support after orientation is completed and partnering with academia to provide content on stress management and wellness. Innovative and cost-effective transition to practice programs are needed to meet the needs of new nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(7):345–350.]
Knowledge Inference Combining Convolutional Feature Extraction and Path Semantics Integration
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Comite Ubaldo
Published: May 2024

Many knowledge representation models extract local patterns or semantic features using fact embeddings but often overlook path semantics. There is room for improvement in pathbased approaches that rely solely on single paths. A customized convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed to encode multiple paths generated by random walks into vector sequences. For each path, the feature sequence is then merged into a single vector using bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) by concatenating both forward and backward hidden states. Semantic relevance between different paths and candidate relations is computed using the attention mechanism. The state vectors of the relations are calculated using weighted paths. These paths help determine the probabilities of the candidate relations, which are then used to assess the validity of the triples. Link prediction experiments on two benchmark datasets, NELL995 and FB15k-237, demonstrate the advantages of our solution. Our model shows a 7.19% improvement at Hits@3 on FB15k-237 compared to Att-Model + Type, another advanced model. The model is further applied to a large complex dataset, FC17, as well as a sparse dataset, NELL-One, for few-shot reasoning.
Research on China’s Environmental Law and Low-carbon Emission Economy Trade Surplus under the Background of Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Gai Gaojing , Wang Yang
Published: May 2024

The significant presence of high-carbon industries in China’s export trade and the substantial trade surplus in recent years are key factors contributing to the increase in China’s carbon emissions. China’s current export trade model does not align with the requirements of low-carbon economic development. Considering China’s future emission reduction goals and responsibilities, we should aim to achieve a low-carbon trade transformation, establish a trading method that is compatible with developing a low-carbon economy, and actively promote the development of a low-carbon economy. Based on this premise, the paper utilizes the input-output model and low-carbon trade competitiveness indicators to empirically analyze China’s foreign trade implied carbon emissions and low-carbon trade competitiveness. It also investigates China’s foreign trade surplus.
Advanced Learning and Bioinformatics in Innovative Drug Discovery Towards Bridging Biology
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Shivthare Sunayana Kundan , Chaure Avinash Godharam , Ghotekar Shital Vaibhav
Published: May 2024

Modern bioinformatics and artificial intelligence technologies are coming together to transform the process of developing pharmaceuticals, marking the beginning of an entirely novel phase in pharmaceutical discovery at the nexus of computational research and biological sciences. This work examines the relationship between statistics and biological processes, emphasizing the promise of significant change by combining artificial intelligence (AI) with bioinformatics methods to improve drug research. Incorporating computational methods, mathematical models, and machine learning procedures in computational biology tools improves our ability to understand biological phenomena's intricacies. The chapter examines the incorporation of few-shot and zero-shot learning approaches in drug discovery, emphasizing their significant potential in overcoming the obstacles related to scarce data and expediting the finding of novel targets for treatment. The review introduces the principle of few-shot learning and its practical implementation in drug research.
Overview of Federated Learning and Its Advantages
Authors: Kakkar Alisha , Kumar Sudesh
Published: May 2024

Federated learning (FL) is closely linked to decentralized education. A decentralized system primarily targets expediting the operation phase, whereas federated learning concentrates on constructing a cooperative prototype devoid of privacy disclosure. Some of the most notable and frequently utilized FL-driven applications include Android's Keyboard for smart typing assistance and Google Virtual Assistant. FL can address data distributed across rows based on specimens and data spread across columns based on features in a cooperative training environment. This chapter explores the fundamental principles of FL, elucidating its foundational technologies and structures. In this chapter, categorization and its utilization for market scenarios in the fields of data analytics, medical care, learning, and business are examined. This chapter also pinpoints research forefronts to tackle federated learning and contribute to progressing our comprehension of Federated Learning for forthcoming enhancement.
Introduction to AI, ML, Federated Learning, and LLM in Software Engineering
Authors: Goel Pawan Kumar
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the transformative intersection of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), federated learning, and large language models (LLM) within the realm of Software Engineering. The study contextualizes the historical evolution of these technologies, highlighting pivotal milestones that have shaped their integration into the fabric of software development. The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of how AI, ML, federated learning, and LLM are revolutionizing Software Engineering practices. The research employs a multifaceted methodology comprising literature reviews, case studies, and real-world examples to analyze the impact of these technologies. Key findings include substantial improvements in development efficiency, enhanced collaboration, and the adaptive nature of software solutions. The proposed methodology emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, practical implementation guidance, scalability strategies, and a continuous feedback loop.
A Comprehensive Review on Large Language Models
Authors: Yadav Asmita
Published: May 2024

In the realm of computer science and language, large language models (LLMs) stand out as remarkable tools of artificial intelligence (AI). Proficient in deciphering intricate language nuances, LLMs offer sensible responses and find applications in natural language understanding, language translation, and question answering. This chapter delves into the history, creation, training, and multifaceted applications of LLMs. It explores the basics of generative AI, focusing on generative pre-trained transformers (GPT). Examining the evolution of LLMs and their diverse applications in medicine, education, finance, and engineering, the chapter addresses real-world challenges, including ethical concerns, biases, comprehensibility, and computational requirements. It serves as an informative guide for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts, elucidating the potential, challenges, and future of LLMs in AI.