bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ingestive diurnal behaviour of grazing beef cattle
Authors: Lima Josilaine Aparecida da Costa , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Silva Aline Gomes da , Franco Gumercindo Loriano , Rosa Edneia Pereira , Falcão Yasmin dos Santos , Paiva Luísa Melville
Published: June 2020

Three experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation (concentrate or mineral supplementation), supplementation strategy (continuous or strategic supplementation) and gender class on the ingestive and diurnal behaviour of grazing beef cattle. To evaluate the effect of the supplementation (Experiment 1) and the gender class (Experiment 3) on their diurnal behaviour, behaviour visualisations were performed by two people at observation stations outside the picket area with the aid of binoculars. The animal behaviour was classified as: supplement intake, grazing, water intake, standing ruminating, standing idle, lying ruminating, lying idle and walking. To evaluate the effect of the supplementation strategy on the ingestive behaviour of the supplement (Experiment 2), refusals of the supplement were weighed for six consecutive days at different times (20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 480 and 1,440 minutes) after the concentrate was supplied. The intake of concentrate per animal, at each observation time, was calculated by subtracting the weight of the scraps at that time from the total weight of the batch of supplement provided on the day, and dividing the result by the number of animals in each batch. Finally, a logistic model was adjusted for each treatment. A 10% significance level was adopted for all statistical procedures. Concentrate supplementation reduced the time that the animals spent grazing. The continuous supplementation strategy affected the uniformity of the supplement intake speed, without affecting the average speed or the total supplement intake. The gender class of the animals also influenced their diurnal behaviour, castrated males spent more time lying, compared to females. The specificities of cattle behaviour should be considered when delineating the supplementation of grazing cattle, since the type of supplement, previous supplementation and gender class interfere with their behaviour.
Longitudinal retrospective study on the effect of season on milk production and composition in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Sicheski Sirineu José , Haygert-Velho Ione Maria Pereira , Piuco Marcos André , Busanello Marcos , Calgaro Júlia Laize Bandeira , Almeida Paulo Sérgio Gois , Conceição Jardel Menegazzi da , Velho João Pedro
Published: June 2020

This longitudinal retrospective study evaluated production and composition of milk from dairy cows according to season on a rural property in Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between January 2009 and December 2016. Milk yield per hectare per month was the primary variable measured, along with chemical composition (total dry extract, defatted dry extract, fat, protein, and lactose), somatic cell count, and total bacterial count of milk. Production in summer (513.53 kg/ha/month) did not differ (p > 0.05) from that in fall (504.69 kg/ha/month) or spring (564.63 kg/ha/month), but production in winter (639.20 kg/ha/month) was significantly higher than in summer (p < 0.0057). The real price of milk did not differ (p > 0.05) among seasons. The total dry extract content differed (p < 0.0059) between seasons. However, the cooler fall and winter seasons favored the production of total solids. The defatted dry extract content was higher (p < 0.0001) in winter (8.65%), compared to the other seasons of the year. Fat content did not differ (p > 0.05) among seasons. Protein content differed (p < 0.0200) between summer (3.01%) and winter (3.16%), but both seasons did not differ (p > 0.05) from fall (3.13%) or spring (3.05%). Winter lactose levels (4.52%) were higher (p < 0.0011) than during other seasons. The somatic cell count did not differ (p > 0.05) among seasons, demonstrating that the evaluated herd possesses standard mammary gland health. The total bacterial count did not differ (p > 0.05) among the seasons, demonstrating that the hygiene of the facilities remains constant. As expected, the temperature and humidity index varied (p < 0.0001) with the seasons, and the deleterious effects were more pronounced in summer and spring, as they are the hottest seasons in humid subtropical environments. The results emphasize that the organized management of milk production reduces the variation in milk composition, making it easier to maintain a consistent high milk quality and also generating extra revenue.
An Actor Approach to Mediatization
Authors: Ketelaars Pauline , Van Aelst Peter
Published: June 2020

An Actor Approach to Mediatization: Linking Politicians’ Media Perceptions, Communication Behaviour and Appearances in the News

In the light of the broader debate on the mediatization of politics, this study wants to better understand how the media perceptions and media behaviour of politicians are related to their appearances in the news. We opt for an innovative actor-centred approach to actually measure the views and actions of individual politicians. We combine surveys conducted with 142 Belgian representatives with data on politicians’ external communication behaviour and on their appearances in television news, newspapers and news websites. The results show that media behaviour is not so much related to beliefs of media importance. We do find a significant positive relationship between strategic media behaviour and media attention suggesting that politicians who put in more effort appear more often in various news media. However, this positive relationship depends on the specific form of strategic communication and the political position of the legislator. Our study adds to the mediatization literature by showing how and when politicians are successful in obtaining media attention.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos y desarrollo sostenible en el Grado de Educación Primaria
Authors: Aguirregabiria Barturen Javier , García Olalla Ana María
Published: June 2020

El futuro profesorado debe conocer, además de los fundamentos de las asignaturas, las bases de las diferentes metodologías que podrá utilizar en el aula. El aprendizaje basado en proyectos es una metodología utilizada actualmente en los centros educativos por posibilitar una modificación significativa de los roles del profesorado y alumnado, así como el desarrollo de competencias. En este trabajo se presenta una investigación didáctica desarrollada en la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales del Grado de Educación Primaria con la finalidad de indagar sobre lo que supone para el alumnado el uso de esta metodología en la elaboración de un proyecto interdisciplinar en el ámbito del desarrollo sostenible. Los resultados que se desprenden del análisis de los proyectos muestran un nivel notable de calidad en su elaboración y los estudiantes expresan una actitud positiva hacia su utilización.
Physiological and Gene-Expression Variations in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress
Authors: Erez Mehmet Emre , İnal Behçet , Karipçin Muhemet Zeki , Altıntaş Serdar
Published: June 2020

Drought conditions may have direct or indirect effects on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of three different watermelon cultivars with varying levels of drought tolerance (24: drought resistant, CS: moderately tolerant, and 98: drought sensitive). The cultivars exhibited different responses to cope with water stress according to their tolerance level. Drought induced significant reductions in chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content and glutation reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the sensitive cultivar unlike in the moderately tolerant and drought resistant cultivars. Additionally, the expression levels of NAC1, NAC2, ORE1, WRKY24, SAG12, SAG13, KCS2, CER1, DREB2A, LTP3, SWEET15, and PYL9 genes were measured using qRT-PCR. The expression ratios of the genes significantly varied depending on the gene location and on the tolerance of the cultivars. Results showed that the physiology and biochemical and molecular pathways of tolerant cultivars change to adapt to drought conditions. Therefore, the drought-resistant cultivar copes with drought stress by increasing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as by increasing the expression of specific genes.
Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Melatonin and Its Exogenous Effect on Plants
Authors: Mir Anayat Rasool , Faizan Mohammad , Bajguz Andrzej , Sami Fareen , Siddiqui Husna , Hayat Shamsul
Published: June 2020

Melatonin is an endogenous indolamine found in many plants. It has been shown to generate a wide range of metabolic, physiological, and cellular responses, thus affecting growth and development, particularly under different environmental stresses. In the present review, we focus on its role in germination, growth and development, photosynthesis, senescence, and antioxidant activity in plants. Further, an effort has been made to discuss its occurrence, biosynthesis, and relationship with other phytohormones in plants. Moreover, melatonin-mediated signaling and its mechanisms of action under stress conditions in plants have been comprehensively discussed. Finally, its role under various abiotic stress conditions has also been discussed in this review.
Libertação Nacional e Construção de uma Agenda Continental Africana: o protagonismo de Kwame Nrumah na formação da Organização da Unidade Africana
Authors: Pereira Analúcia Danilevicz , Kowalski Camila Castro , Pagliarini Carla Márcia
Published: June 2020

Este artigo busca analisar o papel de articulação política de Kwame Nkrumah no desenvolvimento da ideia de unidade africana. Nossa hipótese é que sua iniciativa para criar espaços de concertação política e discussões do Pan-africanismo contribuiu para construir uma agenda continental africana. Utilizaremos análise histórica e pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva.
Aplicação de Algoritmos Genéticos paralelos na simulação da secagem de grãos de Soja
Authors: Dessuy Maurício Dos Santos , Binello Manuel Osório , Padoin Edson Luiz
Published: June 2020

As pesquisa que envolvem a experimentação com os grãos de soja demandam altos custos e o emprego de equipamento de alta qualidade. Por conta disto simulações computacionais são cada vez mais utilizadas para replicar os problemas reais em um ambiente digital. Nossa pesquisa visa determinar os parâmetros por meio da aplicação de algoritmos genéticos na simulação do processo evolutivo das espécies. Uma versão paralela foi implementada utilizando o YADE com 12 threads que aplicam heurísticas para encontrar os parâmetros que resultam em uma solução. Os resultados iniciais da paralelização da aplicação apresentaram ganhos de até 9,8 vezes comparado aos testes com uma versão sequencial.
Avaliação de desempenho da paralelização do sequenciamento genético em GPU
Authors: Künas Cristiano Alex , Schulze Vinicios Dutra , Padoin Edson Luiz
Published: June 2020

Como incrementar o desempenho de sistemas paralelos tem despertado muitas pesquisas para a construção de novos sistemas em grande escala. Em resposta a esse desafio, este artigo propõe uma avaliação de desempenho de aplicativos de pesquisa de DNA em CPU e GPU.
Aplicação de IA com Plataforma GPU no Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais
Authors: Heck Leandro Perius , Künas Cristiano Alex , Padoin Edson Luiz
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de paralelização em Plataforma GPU da rede neural aplicada no Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais
Implementação Paralela do LU no NPB C++ Utilizando um Pipeline Implícito
Authors: Löff Júnior , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo Leão
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho, um pipeline implícito com o padrão map foi implementado na aplicação LU do NAS Parallel Benchmarks em C++. O LU possui dependência de dados no tempo, o que dificulta a exploração do paralelismo. Ele foi convertido de Fortran para C++, a fim de ser paralelizado com diferentes bibliotecas de sistemas multi-core. O uso desta estratégia com as bibliotecas permitiu ganhos de desempenho de até 10.6% em relação a versão original.
Simulador para medição de paralelismo em algoritmos de escalonamento para Replicação Máquina de Estados Paralela
Authors: Trombeta João Gabriel , Mendizabal Odorico Machado
Published: June 2020

Ao desenvolver um novo algoritmo de escalonamento de requisições para Replicação Máquina de Estados Paralela, é difícil mensurar seu grau de paralelismo sob diferentes cargas de trabalho e configurações, ou compará-lo com técnicas existentes. Neste trabalho é proposto um simulador que abstrai custos de uma implementação real, para que sejam analisados possíveis ganhos de desempenho decorrentes exclusivamente das estratégias de escalonamento.
Comparação de Desempenho e Consumo de Energia de Aplicaões Paralelizadas com OpenMP taskloop e parallel for
Authors: Pereira Luan , Marques Sandro Matheus , Rossi Fábio , Luizelli Marcelo Caggiani , Lorenzon Arthur
Published: June 2020

A biblioteca OpenMP detém diretivas que possuem o mesmo propósito, porém com funcionalidade diferente. Um exemplo disso é a diretiva #pragma omp for e a #pragma omp taskloop. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise de tempo de execução e consumo energético de ambas diretivas. Nós mostramos que a utilização da diretiva parallel for é até 42% mais rápida e consome 27,21% menos energia que a implementação com taskloop.
Avaliação do Desempenho e Consumo de Energia de Aplicações Implementadas com OpenMP SIMD
Authors: Tamiosso Gustavo , Berned Gustavo , Luizelli Marcelo Caggiani , Rossi Fabio , Nonaka Jorji , Lorenzon Arthur
Published: June 2020

Explorar o paralelismo tornou-se uma alternativa para reduzir o consumo de energia e melhorar o desempenho de aplicações. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as estatísticas de desempenho e energia de aplicações implementadas utilizando operações vetoriais. Através da execução de quatro aplicações conhecidas, mostramos que o uso de operações vetoriais pode reduzir o tempo de execução em até 37% e reduzir o consumo de energia em 35%.
Acelerando Convoluções em Dispositivos Reprogramáveis
Authors: Castro Welbert Hime Lino , Ramos Fábio Luís Livi , Neves Bruno Silveira
Published: June 2020

As Redes Neurais Convolucionais (RNC) executam tarefas como classificação e detecção de objetos, exigindo alto poder de processamento. Este trabalho descreve duas arquiteturas para dispositivos FPGA para aceleração da inferência das RNC, otimizando os acessos aos pixels nas convoluções. A versão com paralelismo apresenta ganho em latência proporcional ao número de unidades de operação utilizadas com baixo custo em área do dispositivo.
Tamanhos de Requisições de E/S de Aplicações HPC em um Supercomputador
Authors: Azevedo Gessica Mendonça , Bez Jean Luca , Pavan Pablo , Boito Francieli Zanon , Navaux Philippe Olivier Alexandre
Published: June 2020

Este estudo busca identificar os tamanhos de requisições de entrada e saída mais comuns utilizados por aplicações HPC em ambientes de grande escala. Para isso, utilizamos dados de um ano inteiro de caracterização com a ferramenta Darshan no supercomputador Intrepid Blue Gene/P. Ao identificar os diferentes padrões de acesso e os tamanhos de requisições, contribuímos para que novas técnicas de otimização possam ser testadas e avaliadas considerando os tamanhos de requisições semelhantes ao encontrado nestes ambientes.
Comparando o Tempo de Execução e Consumo de Energia de Aplicações Compiladas com GCC e PGI
Authors: De Lima Leonardo C. , Pereira Luan , Rossi Fabio , Luizelli Marcelo Caggiani , Lorenzon Arthur Francisco
Published: June 2020

OpenACC é uma API que facilita muito o trabalho de quem atua na area de \textit{High Performance Computing}. Porém ao se tratar da escolha do compilador o usuário pode carecer de informações. Assim este trabalho compara os compiladores PGI e GCC mostrando que aplicações com PGI executam 31\% mais rápido e consomem 25\% menos energia que aplicações compiladas com GCC
Análise de segurança sobre a comunicação entre contêineres Docker implementados em Linux e Windows
Authors: Pennacchi Raphael , Miers Charles
Published: June 2020

O uso de contêineres tornou-se popular em vários cenários pelo seu alinhamento com recentes tecnologias de desenvolvimento, assim como baixo uso de recursos. Neste cenário, a solução de contêiner Docker superou o desempenho de outras, sendo essencialmente baseada em sistemas operacionais utilizando o núcleo Linux. A Microsoft recentemente procurou adentrar este mercado oferecendo formas de executar contêineres em sua linha de sistemas operacionais para servidores. Entretanto, já havia preocupações sobre operações de rede e segurança em contêineres Linux, e o surgimento de Contêineres Windows realça esta preocupação. Neste sentido, esse artigo apresenta os resultados iniciais de uma análise de alguns aspectos de controle de recursos, segurança de imagem de contêineres e segurança na comunicação entre contêineres.
Refinando e Balanceando o Particionamento de Aplicações Científicas baseadas em Tarefas em Plataformas Heterogêneas
Authors: Nesi Lucas , Legrand Arnaud , Schnorr Lucas Mello
Published: June 2020

Aplicações científicas podem sofrer com o desbalanceamento de carga causada pelo seu próprio algoritmo, ou pelas plataformas computacionais heterogêneas. Abordagens com escalonamento dinâmico, como o paradigma orientado a tarefas, podem auxiliar na programação e na redução deste desbalanceamento. Este trabalho visa estudar estratégias, para /runtimes/ baseados em tarefas, para melhor balancear o particionamento destas aplicações.
Mecanismo de Detecção de Tarefas Anômalas Para a Análise de Desempenho de Aplicações com Tarefas Irregulares
Authors: Miletto Marcelo Cogo , Schnorr Lucas Mello
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para enriquecer a análise da desempenho de aplicações baseadas em tarefas, principalmente em cenários onde o custo das tarefas computacionais não é uniforme. Consideramos o emprego de regressão estatística para construir um mecanismo que detecta tarefas anômalas tomando por base o custo estimado por um modelo de desempenho.
Avaliação da Usabilidade de Interfaces de Programação Paralela para Sistemas Multi-Core em Aplicação de Vídeo
Authors: Andrade Gabriella , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo Leão
Published: June 2020

Com a ampla variedade de interfaces para a programação paralela em ambientes multi-core é difícil determinar quais destas oferecem a melhor usabilidade. Esse trabalho realiza um experimento comparando a paralelização de uma aplicação de vídeo com as ferramentas FastFlow, SPar e TBB. Os resultados revelaram que a SPar requer menos esforço na paralelização de uma aplicação de vídeo do que as demais interfaces de programação paralela.
Avaliando o Impacto da Rede no Desempenho e Custo de Execução de Aplicações HPC
Authors: Maliszewski Anderson , Roloff Eduardo , Griebler Dalvan , Navaux Philippe Olivier Alexandre
Published: June 2020

O desempenho das aplicações HPC depende de dois componentes principais; poder de processamento e interconexão de rede. Este artigo avalia o impacto que a interconexão de rede exerce em programas paralelos usando um cluster homogêneo, em relação a desempenho e custo de execução estimado.
Caracterização do Comportamento de E/S Utilizando Aprendizado não Supervisionado
Authors: Pavan Pablo , Bez Jean Luca , Serpa Matheus , Boito Francieli Zanon , Navaux Philippe Olivier Alexandre
Published: June 2020

Nas aplicações de HPC operações de E/S são gargalos devido a diferença entre velocidade de processamento e de acesso a um dado. Assim, caracterizar as operações pode auxiliar na busca de desempenho. Deste modo, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem com aprendizado não supervisionado para a caracterização de E/S. Utilizando dados do supercomputador Intrepid, fomos capazes de identificar a principal característica de suas aplicações.
Proposta de uma Suíte de Benchmarks para Processamento de Stream em Sistemas Multi-Core
Authors: Garcia Adriano Marques , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo Leão
Published: June 2020

O aumento no volume de dados gerados por sistemas computacionais e a necessidade por processamento rápido desses dados vem alavancando a área de processamento de stream. Entretanto, ainda não existe um benchmark para auxiliar desenvolvedores e pesquisadores. Este trabalho visa propor uma suíte de benchmarks para processamento de stream em arquiteturas multi-core e discute as características necessárias no desenvolvimento dessa suíte.
Impacto do Mapeamento de threads na Degradação do Processador
Authors: Medeiros Thiarles Soares , Lorenzon Arthur Francisco
Published: June 2020

O crescente número de unidades de processamento em um único chip aumenta exponencialmente a temperatura e acelerando o envelhecimento dos componentes físicos. No entanto, a temperatura também é influenciada por onde a energia se dissipa, portanto aumentará se dois núcleos estiverem mais próximos. Além disso, como muitas aplicações paralelas são irregulares / desequilibradas, elas se comportam de maneira diferente em termos de temperatura, de acordo com o local onde estão alocadas. Considerando isso, mostramos como a afinidade de threads afeta o envelhecimento, avaliando treze aplicações e demonstrando que a vida útil do processador pode ser estendida com a combinação certa entre o número de threads e as estratégia de alocação.
Impacto da Precisão Reduzida e Mista na Computação do Método de Lattice-Boltzmann em Multiplas GPUs
Authors: Freytag Gabriel , Lima João Vicente Ferreira , Rech Paolo , Navaux Philippe  Olivier Alexandre
Published: June 2020

A heterogeneidade de arquiteturas de computação modernas permite que engenheiros refinem algoritmos para maximizar o nível de afinidade com a arquitetura e, consequentemente, a eficácia da computação. Neste trabalho, investigamos o impacto da precisão reduzida e mista na computação do método de Lattice-Boltzmann em uma plataforma multi-GPU. Usando meia precisão para o armazenamento e simples para as operações aritméticas, obteve-se um speedup de 3.44 consumindo 71\% menos energia e uma perda 0.02\% de acurácia.
Explorando Redução de Log para Recuperação Rápida
Authors: Xavier Luiz Gustavo , Meinhardt Cristina , Mendizabal Odorico
Published: June 2020

Protocolos de recuperação eficientes são importantes para aumentar a disponibilidade de sistemas replicados tolerantes a falhas. Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto de um protocolo de recuperação que explora a eliminação consciente de comandos contidos em arquivos de log, utilizando-se de processos logger independentes e fracamente acoplados à aplicação.
Simulação de um efeito não-linear de distorção de guitarra elétrica utilizando a GPU
Authors: Guimarães Jonathan W. , Zola Wagner M. Nunan
Published: June 2020

The work proposes to implement a non-linear distortion simulation model of the electric guitar signal called Waveshape, which divides this filter into three sub-filters: gain, overdrive and low-pass. We implemented the linear, monothread algorithm, executed on the CPU and distributed, multithread on the GPU, using CUDA.
Uma Metodologia para Redução do Consumo Energético no Monitoramento Adaptativo de Aplicações em Fog Utilizando Lógica Fuzzy
Authors: Machado Julio , Du Bois Andre Rauber
Published: June 2020

Com o crescimento de aplicações próximas ao usuário, tornou-se crucial o modo como os dispositivos de borda utilizam os seus recursos. Aplicações de monitoramento de ambientes precisam lidar tanto com o ambiente sendo monitorado quanto quanto com o gerenciamento de seus próprios recursos. Técnicas foram desenvolvidas buscando lidar com esse desafio, a discutida neste trabalho é o monitoramento adaptativo utilizando propriedades da Lógica Fuzzy para reduzir o consumo energético enquanto mantêm a qualidade do monitoramento.
ERAD/RS 20 anos: Quem fez esta história?
Authors: Camargo Sandro Da Silva , De Pinho Leonardo  Bidese
Published: June 2020

A Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho da Região Sul (ERAD/RS), evento itinerante criado em 2001 com foco no RS, expandiu-se ao longo dos anos almejando divulgar a produção científica e qualificar profissionais da região sul em Processamento de Alto Desempenho (PAD). Na sua vigésima edição, atingiu quase 1200 trabalhos que contam a evolução da pesquisa Sul-brasileira em PAD. Este estudo explora, com técnicas de Análise de Redes Sociais e de Genealogia Acadêmica, as publicações das vinte edições, identificando os autores e grupos que se destacaram nesta história. Seus resultados fornecem subsídios à Comissão Regional de Alto Desempenho para o reconhecimento dos pesquisadores e relações que construı́ram os vinte anos da ERAD/RS.
A Review of Mobile Health Applications in Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks: Lessons Learned for COVID-19
Authors: Aslani Nasim , Lazem Mina , Mahdavi Somaye , Garavand Ali
Published: June 2020

Context: Using smart mobile devices, called mobile health (mHealth), facilitates providing health services, speeds up the process, and reduces the costs and complications of direct services. Also, mHealth has many capabilities and applications in epidemic and pandemic outbreaks. This study aimed to identify mHealth applications in epidemic/pandemic outbreaks and provide some suggestions for tackling COVID-19. Methods: To find the relevant studies, searches were done in PubMed and Scopus by related keywords during 2014 - 2020 (March 10). After selecting the studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were collected by a data-gathering form. Results: Of the 727 retrieved studies, 17 studies were included. All studies emphasized the positive effect of mHealth for use in epidemic/pandemic outbreaks. The main applications of mHealth for epidemic/pandemic outbreaks included public health aspects, data management, educational programs, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: mHealth is an appropriate method for encountering epidemic/pandemic outbreaks due to its extensive applications. In the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, mHealth is one of the best choices to use in the patient-physician relationship as tele-visits, using in fever coach, providing real-time information for healthcare providers, population monitoring, and detecting the disease based on obtained data from different locations.
Essay on the Notion of Reading
Authors: Weil Simone , Fleming Chris ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

In this essay, Weil undertakes a meditation on the idea of “reading”, which she thinks can shed new light on a diverse range of conceptual and experiential “mysteries”, especially with respect to our existential responses to the world. A central concern is how we ascribe meaning and respond to phenomena. She argues that, for the most part, our reading of the world and the things in it are immediate, not subject to “interpretation”, at least as this is regularly conceived. Further, Weil says, our readings of the world are invariably tied to particular kinds of valuation, of ethical assessment and orientation, which appear to us as both obvious and immediate. This immediacy of reading, however, does not entail that our readings cannot be changed or challenged—only that such a change or challenge requires a particular kind of labor.
Surface Roughness and Microbial Adhesion After Finishing of Alkasite Restorative Material
Authors: Park Choa , Park Howon , Lee Juhyun , Seo Hyunwoo , Lee Siyoung
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the surface roughness and microbial adhesion to alkasite restorative material (Cention N), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and composite resin. And to examine the correlation between bacterial adhesion and surface roughness by different finishing systems.
Specimens were fabricated in disk shapes and divided into four groups by finishing methods (control, carbide bur, fine grit diamond bur, and white stone bur). Surface roughness was tested by atomic force microscope and surface observation was performed by scanning electron microscope. Colony forming units were measured after incubating Streptococcus mutans biofilm on specimens using CDC biofilm reactor.
Cention N surface roughness was less than 0.2 μm after finishing procedure. Control specimens of resin and Cention N specimens were significantly (p = 0.01) rougher. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC = 0.13) indicated a weak correlation between surface roughness and S. mutans adhesion to the specimens.
Compared with resin specimens, RMGI and Cention N showed lower microbial adhesion. Surface roughness and bacterial adhesion were not significantly different, regardless of the finishing systems.
2-Step Needle Insertion Technique to Reduce Pain in Children during Local Anesthesia
Authors: Park Suyoung , Lee Sangho , Lee Nanyoung , Jih Myeongkwan
Published: June 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2-step needle insertion technique to reduce pain during local anesthesia in children. Local anesthesia was performed bilaterally using conventional technique and a 2-step technique, and to compare the degree of pain using the 2-step with that using the conventional technique during local anesthesia using a pain scale.
The pain scores were significantly different between the conventional technique and the 2-step insertion technique at 5.82 ± 2.14 and 2.57 ± 2.09, respectively (p < 0.001). The subjective degree of pain based on gender, age, and Frankl’s behavior rating scale was significantly lower in the 2-step insertion technique (p < 0.001). Subjective pain levels in the area of maxilla and mandible, anterior and posterior parts were lower in the group treated using the 2-step insertion technique (p < 0.001).
The 2-step insertion technique is a simple and effective way to reduce pain during local anesthesia not only in children with a positive attitude to dental treatment, but also in children with negative attitudes, and is thought to be more effective if combined with application of topical anesthesia or distraction.
Entrepreneurial Team Regulatory Focus: The Case of Early Growth in a Sustainable Venture
Authors: Hermans Julie , Ben-Hafaïedh Cyrine
Published: June 2020

We explore the emergence of an entrepreneurial team strategic orientation, or team regulatory focus, and highlight factors that contribute to its dynamism throughout a sustainable venture’s early growth. By considering the hierarchical model of regulation that distinguishes between the system (ideal vs. ought goals), strategic (eager vs. vigilant), and tactical (risky vs. conservative) levels, we show that the combination of foci is achieved at the tactical level, when team members have reached a shared understanding at the strategic level. Moreover, changes at the strategic level can accompany changes at the goal level, pressuring ideal goals that were previously shared.
Muzička skala kreativnosti (maska) po mjeri učenika
Authors: Porobić Selma
Published: June 2020

U radu autor prikazuje rezultate istražibanja provedenog na uzorku654 učenika iz 7 osnovnih škola grada Tuzle, uzrasta od 13 do 14 godina. Unutar provedenoh istražianja željelo se putem originalnog Testa muzičke kreativnosti – MASKA (muzučka skala kreativnosti), konstruisanog samo za ovu priliku, ispitati i tražiti odgovore da li učenici primijete koliko ih nastava muzičke kulture motiviše za kreativan rad. Pregled rezultata dobijenih multiplom regresijom, ukazuju da na osnovu samo četiri parametra muzičke kreativnosti moguće pojasniti kvalitet nastave muzičke kulture u osnovnoj školi. Dobijeni nalazi pokazuju da je statistički značajna razlika, s obzirom na muzičku kreativnost učenika, samo u odnosu na pol djece, u korist učenika osnovne škole ženskog pola. Ocjena iz muzičke kulture najznačajniji je prediktor motivacije učenika za uživanje u muzici. Značajan je i nalaz koji nas upućuje da dječaci slabije ispoljavaju emocije u odnosu na djevojčice.
Predrasude i etnički stereotipi između učenika osnovnoškolskog uzrasta tri nacije u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Kapić Emina
Published: June 2020

Problem ovog istraživanja odnosi se na utvrđivanje stepena izraženosti razlika u nivou predrasuda i etničkih stereotipa, te nivoa nacionalne i religijske netolerantnosti među učenicima osnovnih škola prema vlastitom i druga dva etnosa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen uzorak slučajnog tipa od 300 ispitanika oba pola od petog do devetog rateda osnovne škole, po stotinu ispitanika iz reda svakog od tri etnosa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Korištena su dva mjerna instrumenta SEDIS skaler (skala etničke distance) i skala nacionalne i religijske netolerantnosti. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na nivo razlika u postojanju etničke distance i nacionalne i religijske netolerantnosti među ispitanicima tri etnosa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Postoje mnogi načini borbe i smanivanja predrasuda, ali najefektivniji način je da se djeca počevši od najnižeg uzrasta vaspitavaju bez predrasuda prema drugima kako bi se izbjegla etnička distanca te smanile nacionalne i religijske netolerantnosti.
АКЦИОНО ИСТРАЖИВАЊЕ У ФУНКЦИЈИ УНАПРЕЂИВАЊА ОБРАЗОВНО-ВАСПИТНОГ ПРОЦЕСА
Authors: Кундачина Миленко
Published: June 2020

Аутор у раду третира мето-долошка питања организације иизвођења акционог истражива-ња. Саопштава стање у тој об-ласти, упућује на ниво методоло-шких приступа и предлаже кон-кретне начине примјене акционогистраживања образовно-васпит-не праксе.Разлоге за такав напор ауторналази у потреби да наставнициистражују властиту професио-налну праксу и објективнијевреднују свој образовно-васпитнирад са сврхом самоунапређивања,те да се у пројектној наставиприђе са више методолошко ос-мишљених истраживачких пос-тупака.
TMEM95 is a sperm membrane protein essential for mammalian fertilization
Authors: Lamas-Toranzo Ismael , Hamze Julieta G , Bianchi Enrica , Fernández-Fuertes Beatriz , Pérez-Cerezales Serafín , Laguna-Barraza Ricardo , Fernández-González Raúl , Lonergan Pat , Gutiérrez-Adán Alfonso , Wright Gavin J , Jiménez-Movilla María , Bermejo-Álvarez Pablo
Published: June 2020

The fusion of gamete membranes during fertilization is an essential process for sexual reproduction. Despite its importance, only three proteins are known to be indispensable for sperm-egg membrane fusion: the sperm proteins IZUMO1 and SPACA6, and the egg protein JUNO. Here we demonstrate that another sperm protein, TMEM95, is necessary for sperm-egg interaction. TMEM95 ablation in mice caused complete male-specific infertility. Sperm lacking this protein were morphologically normal exhibited normal motility, and could penetrate the zona pellucida and bind to the oolemma. However, once bound to the oolemma, TMEM95-deficient sperm were unable to fuse with the egg membrane or penetrate into the ooplasm, and fertilization could only be achieved by mechanical injection of one sperm into the ooplasm, thereby bypassing membrane fusion. These data demonstrate that TMEM95 is essential for mammalian fertilization.
Temperature compensation in a small rhythmic circuit
Authors: Alonso Leandro M , Marder Eve
Published: June 2020

Temperature affects the conductances and kinetics of the ionic channels that underlie neuronal activity. Each membrane conductance has a different characteristic temperature sensitivity, which raises the question of how neurons and neuronal circuits can operate robustly over wide temperature ranges. To address this, we employed computational models of the pyloric network of crabs and lobsters. We produced multiple different models that exhibit a triphasic pyloric rhythm over a range of temperatures and explored the dynamics of their currents and how they change with temperature. Temperature can produce smooth changes in the relative contributions of the currents to neural activity so that neurons and networks undergo graceful transitions in the mechanisms that give rise to their activity patterns. Moreover, responses of the models to deletions of a current can be different at high and low temperatures, indicating that even a well-defined genetic or pharmacological manipulation may produce qualitatively distinct effects depending on the temperature.
Repurposing a traditional Japanese method of pest control for wintering pine moths, Komo-trap, for use against summer and winter populations of fall webworms
Authors: Mikami Osamu K. , Takamatsu Misaki , Yarita Rika
Published: June 2020

Background

The fall webworm,Hyphantria cuneaDrury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a widespread invasive species. It is native to North America, ranging from southern Canada to northern Mexico. During and after the 1940s, this pest was accidentally introduced in many parts of Europe and Asia. It has now spread to more than 30 countries. The larvae feed on leaves of a wide range of tree species, including ones used as street trees in cities, causing an increase in urban management cost. Although several pest management methods have been employed, pest damage continues especially in newly invaded areas. In this study, we examined the effect and cost-effectiveness of the komo-trap, traditionally used in Japan to reduce the population of larvae of the pine mothDendrolimus spectabilisButler (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). This trap, which is safe for people and ecosystems, has not yet been applied to trap the fall webworm.

Methods

In two seasons of 2017, we set komo-traps on street trees in Hakodate City, Japan. We counted the numbers of captured fall webworms compared with controls. We also monitored other species to evaluate any nontarget effects of the trap.

Results

One komo, the material cost of which is about 1.10 USD, captured 43.8 fall webworms on average in summer and 27.2 in the fall. The values were significantly larger than those of the controls, which were 0.07 in summer and 0.14 in winter. Bycatch of other species was minimal in summer, whereas in the fall one komo, on average, caught 10.7 woodlicePorcelliosp. or spp. (Isopoda: Porcellionidae).

Discussion

The komo-trap is effective in capturing fall webworm. The cost performance of the trap is very favorable, and the nontarget effects can be reduced by using the trap in summer only. The komo-trap would complement other control methods such as tree pruning. Because its cost is low, we recommend that the komo-trap be introduced as a larger-scale trial.
The Characterization of the Cubic Rank Inverse Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ade Ogunde Adebisi , Unna Chukwu Angela , Obi-Nnamd Agwuegbo Samuel
Published: June 2020

This work provides a new statistical distribution named Cubic rank transmuted Inverse Weibull distribution which was developed using the cubic transmutation map. Various statistical properties of the new distribution which includes: hazard function, moments, moment generating function, skewness, kurtosis, Renyl entropy and the order statistics were studied. A maximum likelihood estimation method was used in estimating the parameters of the distribution. Applications to real data set show the tractability of the distribution over other distributions and its sub-model.
Exploration of Possibilities to Identify Heterotic Cross Combinations in Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Grain Yield and Quality Parameters
Authors: Singh Mithilesh Kumar , . Banshidhar , Kumar Avinash , Tigga Aman , Singh S. K.
Published: June 2020

Twenty eight crosses generated using eight aromatic rice varieties crossed in half diallel fashion were evaluated and analyzed along with parents to investigate combining ability and gene action for grain yield and various grain quality traits. The general combining ability and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits that indicated the role of both additive and non-additive genetic components.  Ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca< 1 indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits.  Pusa Basmati-1 was the good general combiner showing significantly high GCA effect for a maximum of seven-grain quality traits viz., milling recovery (0.81), kernel length (0.28), kernel breadth (-0.05), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.26), cooked kernel length (0.79), alkali digestion value (0.67) and amylose content (0.60) but not for yield.  Cross PSD-15×Pant Basmati-1 (P7×P8) was the good specific combiner showing high SCA effects for a maximum of eight grain quality traits viz. hulling recovery (2.76), milling recovery (2.06), kernel length (0.89), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.69), cooked kernel length (3.06), kernel elongation ratio (0.12), alkali digestion value (1.11) and amylose content (1.01) but not yield.  None of the top three crosses (Pusa Sugandh-6×PSD-15, Pusa Basmati-1×PSD-15 and Pusa Sugandh-4×Basmati-370) based on high SCA effect for grain yield plant-1exhibited as high SCA effect to fall within top three crosses on that basis for any of the grain quality traits.
Improvement of Soil and Plant Health through Adoption of an Organic Package of Practice for Rice Cultivation in New Alluvial Soil of West Bengal
Authors: Rahman F. H. , Mukherjee S. , Das S. , Mukhopadhyay K. , Bera R. R. , Seal Antara
Published: June 2020

The objective of Organic farming is to achieve crop sustainability through restoration of soil dynamics, improvement of plant health through improvement of the soil - plant interactions, nourishment of the environmental resistance and reducing pest interferences. Lack of scientific guidelines and comprehensive organic package of practice (POP) has rendered the objective unachievable. The present study was initiated at Howrah Krishi Vigyan Kendra in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the potential of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology, an organic POP, towards increasing crop productivity and restoration of soil quality under rice cultivation under different farming model viz. organic, integrated, non-pesticidal crop management as well as KVK.s recommendation with reduced fertilizer dosage. Treatments with organic plant management practices (IRF technology) showed 5% higher crop productivity (4774 kg/ha) in comparison to conventional farmers’ practice (4537 kg/ha) for Swarna sub-1 rice variety. Where as in case of scented rice varieties like Gobindobhog, the organic practice showed highest crop performance (3194 kg/ha) among all the treatments, and achieved 17% higher yield than that obtained under conventional farmers’ practice (2726 kg/ha).  Also the non-pesticidal crop management, a new concept of synthetic pesticide free crop cultivation under IRF Technology showed higher crop performance (4991 kg/ha and 2978 kg/ha in Swarna sub-1 and Gobindobhog rice varieties respectively) than conventional farmers practice. Organic plant management under IRF aimed at activation of plant physiology was found to have a positive impact towards agronomic development and yield performance as compared to conventional practice. Assessment of soil quality parameters indicated increasing trend of soil quality especially in terms of soil biological parameters for plots receiving Novcom compost.
An Analysis of Extent of Use of Online Utility Services in Punjab, India
Authors: Nayal Anupriya , Sharma Preeti
Published: June 2020

Aim: To analyze the extent of use of online utility services.

Study Design: Descriptive survey research design.

Place and Duration of Study: Rural (Doraha and Sidhwan Bet block), peri-urban (Ayali Kalan, Sunet and Threeke villages of Ludhiana I block) and urban areas of Ludhiana district, between August 2018 to May 2019.

Methodology: Using a structured interview schedule, data was collected randomly from 180 respondents having sixty online utility service users each from rural, peri-urban and urban areas of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. The statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentage, arithmetic mean, category interval method, Kruskal Wallis H-test for k independent samples and cumulative cube root frequency method were used for the analysis of data along with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results: Overall, higher percentage of the respondents had moderate to high extent of use of online utility services and were using them for bill payment, online/mobile banking, entertainment, online shopping and for other miscellaneous services.

Conclusion: Extent of use of different online utility services was comparatively higher among urban respondents.
Validation of Screening Technique for Cotton Bacterial Blight Resistance under Controlled Condition
Authors: Kumar A. Sampath , Aiyanathan K. Eraivan Arutkani , Nakkeeran S. , Manickam S.
Published: June 2020

Seven different methods of artificial inoculation such as 1. Carborundum injury, 2. Pin prick injury 3. Sand paper injury, 4. Syringe inoculation on lower surface of leaf without needle, 5. Syringe inoculation of veins on lower surface of leaf with needle, 6. Tooth picks inoculation on collar region and 7. Pressurized spray inoculation were evaluated to find out the efficient and precise screening method for cotton bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum under controlled conditions (plant growth chamber). Inoculated seedlings were incubated at 28°C, 90% RH and 3000 LUX light intensity during day time and 22°C, 90% RH and absence of light during night time for symptom development. Among them, pin prick injury recorded maximum PDI (64.25) in 20-24 days post inoculation followed by sand paper injury (56.50 PDI) in 23-27 days post inoculation on 20 day old LRA 5166 cotton seedlings compared to other methods. Both these methods developed all types of symptoms. Initial symptom of water soaked lesion was appeared in 7-8 days post inoculation in pin prick injury while it was 9-10 days in sand paper injury.
Chemical Weed Management in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Rice – Mustard Cropping System
Authors: Sharma Rupen , Gorain Jaladhar , Poddar Parthendu , Maitra Sagar , Pandey Manjil
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted at instructional farm Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya during kharif season, 2017 to find out a suitable chemical weed management practice in transplanted rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: Weedy check, T2: Weed free, T3: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T4: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i  ha-1 at 14 DAT, T5: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT, T6: Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT, T7: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T8: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T9: Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP @ 8 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T10: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + Almix @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT, T11: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i  ha-1 at 21 DAT and T12: Almix @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 21 DAT. The rice variety used in the experiment was MTU 1075. It was observed that different herbicides treatments influenced weed control efficiency, weed index and yield components in transplanted rice. The highest number of filled grains (113.12 panicle-1), 1000 grain weight (22.90 g), grain yield (5.07 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.15 t ha-1) of rice was recorded with weed free (T2) treatment being at par with T11, T4, T3 and T10. In mustard, plots under weed free i.e. T2 treatment in rice performed the best in terms of every yield attribute viz. number of siliqua (77.00 plant-1), number of seeds (20.41siliqua-1), 1000 seed weight (3.14 g) as well as seed yield (1067.46 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2157.40 kg ha-1) being statistically at par with the plots under treatment T11 & plots under treatment T4. It can be concluded that the treatment comprising combination of pre-emergence & post-emergence herbicide like T11 i.e. Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT or application of higher dose of efficient & highly effective post-emergent herbicide molecule like T4 i.e. Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i  ha-1 at 14 DAT can be opted for sufficient control of weeds in transplanted kharif paddy in terai zone of West Bengal to maximize the economic return.