bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of MPI applications with time‐independent traces
Authors: Casanova Henri , Desprez Frédéric , Markomanolis George S. , Suter Frédéric
Published: April 2014

Analyzing and understanding the performance behavior of parallel applications on parallel computing platforms is a long‐standing concern in the High Performance Computing community. When the targeted platforms are not available, simulation is a reasonable approach to obtain objective performance indicators and explore various hypothetical scenarios. In the context of applications implemented with the Message Passing Interface, two simulation methods have been proposed, on‐line simulation and off‐line simulation, both with their own drawbacks and advantages. In this work, we present an off‐line simulation framework, that is, one that simulates the execution of an application based on event traces obtained from an actual execution. The main novelty of this work, when compared to previously proposed off‐line simulators, is that traces that drive the simulation can be acquired on large, distributed, heterogeneous, and non‐dedicated platforms. As a result, the scalability of trace acquisition is increased, which is achieved by enforcing that traces contain no time‐related information. Moreover, our framework is based on a state‐of‐the‐art scalable, fast, and validated simulation kernel. We introduce the notion of performing off‐line simulation from time‐independent traces, propose and evaluate several trace acquisition strategies, describe our simulation framework, and assess its quality in terms of trace acquisition scalability, simulation accuracy, and simulation time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitaxial growth of thin TiO2 films on the Au covered Fe(100) surface
Authors: Brambilla A. , Calloni A. , Berti G. , Bussetti G. , Duò L. , Ciccacci F.
Published: April 2014

It is known that the growth of perfectly stoichiometric thin films of TiO2 on Fe(100) can be obtained by molecular beam epitaxy in a molecular oxygen atmosphere only if the growth temperature is increased to 300 °C, at the expense of a great interfacial mixing. Such a mixing is significantly reduced at room temperature, where more defective films develop. Here, we investigate the possibility of using an Au buffer layer to obtain better quality TiO2 films on Fe(100). X‐ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and Low Energy Electron Diffraction are employed to investigate the electronic and structural properties of the TiO2/Au/Fe interfaces. We obtain crystalline rutile films with a reduced number of defects when compared to room temperature grown TiO2/Fe(100) samples but still subject to interface mixing effects.
Preparation of hollow dipyramid TiO2 with truncated structure using an oxidation/etch method and its gas‐sensing properties
Authors: Huang Fei , Yan Ai‐Hua , Fu Zheng‐Yi , Zhang Fan , Wang Yue‐Hua , Yin Shi‐Bin , Qiang Ying‐Huai
Published: April 2014

Hollow dipyramid titanium dioxide with truncated structure was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach in an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The critical oxygen from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has been investigated in detail. X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements show that the main phase is anatase titanium dioxide, accompanied by a small amount of rutile titanium dioxide. The formation mechanism is proposed based on oxygen release, oxidation, etching and hydrolyzation. The sensing properties of such a hollow dipyramid titanium dioxide sensor show that the desirable sensing characteristics with a sensitivity of about 2.1 towards 5 ppm ethanol gas at 200 °C could be obtained.
Mediating Value Conflicts
Authors: Illes Rosabelle , Ellemers Naomi , Harinck Fieke
Published: April 2014

Mediation has developed into an established discipline consisting of a variety of tactics that may be employed when intervening in different types of conflicts. One particular type of conflict that has been identified as difficult, if not impossible, to resolve is value conflicts. Research dedicated to developing interventions aimed at resolving value‐based disputes is limited. To address this gap between research and practice, we interviewed professional mediators to gain insight into the techniques employed when intervening in value conflicts. This preliminary exploratory study resulted in several propositions. The analysis of the transcripts is presented, and plans for future research are discussed.
Direct Plasma Potential Measurements by Ball‐Pen Probe and Self‐Emitting Langmuir Probe on COMPASS and ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Adamek J. , Horacek J. , Seidl J. , Müller H. W. , Schrittwieser R. , Mehlmann F. , Vondracek P. , Ptak S. , COMPASS Team  , ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: April 2014

Experimental investigations of the plasma potential by means of a ball‐pen probe and self‐emitting Langmuir probe technique were performed on the tokamaks COMPASS and ASDEX Upgrade. A spontaneous transition between the cold and self‐emitting Langmuir probe has been observed during the deep reciprocation in the vicinity or even inside the last closed flux surface (LCFS) of both tokamaks. These measurements of the plasma potential allow us to compare two independent probe techniques based on heating and non‐heating processes. The observed different conditions of the spontaneous transition can be ascribed to different physical mechanisms. Nevertheless, the comparison of the power spectra of ball‐pen probe and self‐emitting Langmuir probe indicates very good agreement in all measurements and therefore these two probe techniques are interchangeable. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma Parameters in the COMPASS Divertor During Ohmic Plasmas
Authors: Dimitrova M. , Dejarnac R. , Popov Tsv. K. , Ivanova P. , Vasileva E. , Kovačič J. , Stöckel J. , Havlicek J. , Janky F. , Panek R.
Published: April 2014

This paper reports on probe measurements of the electron energy distribution function and plasma potential in the divertor region of the COMPASS tokamak during D‐shaped plasmas. The probe data have been processed using the novel first‐derivative technique. A comparison with the results obtained by processing the same data with the classical probe technique, which assumes Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions is presented and discussed. In the vicinity of the inner and outer strike points of the divertor the electron energy distribution function can be approximated by a bi‐Maxwellian, with a dominating low‐energy electron population (4‐7 eV) and a minority of higher energy electrons (12‐25 eV). In the private flux region between the two strike points the electron energy distribution function is found to be Maxwellian with temperatures in the range of 7‐10 eV. The comparative analysis using both techniques has allowed a better insight into the underlying physical processes at the divertor region of the COMPASS tokamak. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Langmuir Probe Evaluation of the Plasma Potential in Tokamak Edge Plasma for Non‐Maxwellian EEDF
Authors: Popov Tsv. K. , Dimitrova M. , Ivanova P. , Hasan E. , Horáček J. , Dejarnac R. , Stöckel J. , Weinzettl V. , Kovačič J.
Published: April 2014

The First derivative probe technique for a correct evaluation of the plasma potential in the case of non‐Maxwellian EEDF is presented and used to process experimental data from COMPASS tokamak. Results obtained from classical and first derivative techniques are compared and discussed. The first derivative probe technique provides values for the plasma potential in the scrape‐off layer of tokamak plasmas with an accuracy of about ±10%. Classical probe technique can provide values of the plasma potential only, if the electron and ion temperatures are known as well as the coefficient of secondary electron emission. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A New Deduction Method of Heat Flux Evolution From Thermal Probe Data
Authors: Matsuura H. , Nagaoka K. , Morisaki T. , Masuzaki S. , Osakabe M. , Tanaka H.
Published: April 2014

Measurement and control of divertor heat flux are a crucial issue for realization of fusion burning plasma. However, time‐dependent heat flux is often difficult to be estimated experimentally, because thermal diffusion process in thermal probe tips takes time longer than the discharge duration of present experiments. A new reconstruction method for time dependent heat flux from the measurement of the thermal probe tip temperature is proposed in this paper. The heat flux of the Large Helical Device divertor leg was analyzed by the proposed method as the function of the time for the first time. This indicates that heat flux measurement with thermal probes would become a monitoring tools even for the future fusion devices. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pica and rumination behavior among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders or obesity
Authors: Delaney Charlotte B. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Hartmann Andrea S. , Becker Anne E. , Murray Helen B. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: April 2014

Objective

Pica and rumination disorder (RD)—formerly classified within DSM‐IV Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood—are now classified within DSM‐5 Feeding and Eating Disorders. Though pica and RD have been studied in select populations (e.g., pregnant women, intellectually disabled persons), their typical features and overall prevalence remain unknown. This study examined the clinical characteristics and frequency of DSM‐5 pica and RD among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders and obesity.

Method

We conducted structured interviews with adolescent and young adult females from a residential eating disorder center (N = 149), and adult males and females with overweight or obesity from an outpatient weight‐loss clinic (N = 100).

Results

Several participants reported ingesting non‐nutritive substances (e.g., ice) for weight‐control purposes. However, only 1.3% (n = 2; 95% CI: .06% to 5.1%) at the residential eating disorder center and 0% at the weight‐loss clinic met DSM‐5 criteria for pica, consuming gum and plastic. Although no eating disorder participants were eligible for an RD diagnosis due to DSM‐5 trumping rules, 7.4% (n = 11; 95% CI: 4.0% to 12.9%) endorsed rumination behavior under varying degrees of volitional control. At the weight‐loss clinic, 2.0% (n = 2; 95% CI: 0.1% to 7.4%) had RD.

Discussion

DSM‐5 pica and RD were rare in our sample of individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders and obesity, but related behaviors were more common. The wide range of pica and rumination presentations highlights the challenges of differential diagnosis with other forms of disordered eating. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:238–248)
Immune priming and pathogen resistance in ant queens
Authors: Gálvez Dumas , Chapuisat Michel
Published: April 2014

Growing empirical evidence indicates that invertebrates become more resistant to a pathogen following initial exposure to a nonlethal dose; yet the generality, mechanisms, and adaptive value of such immune priming are still under debate. Because life‐history theory predicts that immune priming and large investment in immunity should be more frequent in long‐lived species, we here tested for immune priming and pathogen resistance in ant queens, which have extraordinarily long life span. We exposed virgin and mated queens of Lasius niger and Formica selysi to a low dose of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, before challenging them with a high dose of the same pathogen. We found evidence for immune priming in naturally mated queens of L. niger. In contrast, we found no sign of priming in virgin queens of L. niger, nor in virgin or experimentally mated queens of F. selysi, which indicates that immune priming in ant queens varies according to mating status and mating conditions or species. In both ant species, mated queens showed higher pathogen resistance than virgin queens, which suggests that mating triggers an up‐regulation of the immune system. Overall, mated ant queens combine high reproductive output, very long life span, and elevated investment in immune defense. Hence, ant queens are able to invest heavily in both reproduction and maintenance, which can be explained by the fact that mature queens will be protected and nourished by their worker offspring.
Very low levels of direct additive genetic variance in fitness and fitness components in a red squirrel population
Authors: McFarlane S. Eryn , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Coltman David W. , Humphries Murray M. , Boutin Stan , McAdam Andrew G.
Published: April 2014

A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve in response to natural selection, but theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Balancing selection has been proposed as a mechanism that could maintain genetic variance if fitness components trade off with one another and has been invoked to account for empirical observations of higher levels of additive genetic variance in fitness components than would be expected from mutation–selection balance. Here, we used a long‐term study of an individually marked population of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) to look for evidence of (1) additive genetic variance in lifetime reproductive success and (2) fitness trade‐offs between fitness components, such as male and female fitness or fitness in high‐ and low‐resource environments. “Animal model” analyses of a multigenerational pedigree revealed modest maternal effects on fitness, but very low levels of additive genetic variance in lifetime reproductive success overall as well as fitness measures within each sex and environment. It therefore appears that there are very low levels of direct genetic variance in fitness and fitness components in red squirrels to facilitate contemporary adaptation in this population.
Di‐ and Tricationic Organic Salts: An Overview of Their Properties and Applications
Authors: D'Anna Francesca , Noto Renato
Published: April 2014

During recent years growing interest has been devoted to the synthesis and applications of polycationic organic salts. Among them, di‐ and tricationic organic salts can be considered the natural evolution of monocationic ones. These last have given rise to the large class of ionic liquids. In the cases of di‐ and tricationic organic salts, the potential to change their structural features simply by varying the properties either of the charged heads or of the spacers separating them provides the opportunity to obtain materials suitable for different applications. This review article highlights recent progress in the study of the properties of di‐ and tricationic organic salts, as well as in some of their uses as solvent systems, receptors for anion recognition, ionic liquid crystals, low‐molecular‐weight gelators, additives for dye‐sensitized solar cells, and so on.
Gold(I)‐, Palladium(II)‐, Platinum(II)‐, and Mercury(II)‐Catalysed Spirocyclization of 1,3‐Enynediols: Reaction Scope
Authors: Zhdanko Alexander , Maier Martin E.
Published: April 2014

The spirocyclization of different 1,3‐enynediols was investigated. The reaction was only efficient for the synthesis of [5,6]‐spiroacetals. In this case, the reaction was characterized by almost quantitative yields, short reaction times, and low catalyst loadings (0.5–1 %). When the synthesis of [6,6]‐spiroacetals was attempted, the reaction suffered from poor regioselectivity and a higher propensity of the intermediate dienol ethers to decompose under the acidic conditions, and it became no longer viable. But it is possible to generate the dienol ethers cleanly under milder conditions as a mixture of regioisomers. This striking difference in reaction efficiency was explained by the unstable dienol ethers cyclizing more quickly to give [5,6]‐spiroacetals than to give [6,6]‐spiroacetals. In this study, the successful application of a new cationic palladium pincer complex for electrophilic alkyne activation at room temperature has been demonstrated for the first time.
Spatial blockage of ionic current for electrophoretic translocation of DNA through a graphene nanopore
Authors: Lv Wenping , Liu Shengju , Li Xin , Wu Ren'an
Published: April 2014

Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 1144–1151. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300501

The center stage of nanopore sequencing is to extract gene information from the translocation of DNA through a nanopore. Graphene nanopore technology has been promising ultra‐high resolution for gene sequencing owing to the atomic thickness and excellent electronic properties of the graphene monolayer. By filtering out the thermal noise of ionic current, the instantaneous conformational variations of DNA in a graphene nanopore could be unveiled from undulates of the blocked ionic current, because of the spatial blockage effect of DNA against ionic migration. It supplies a theoretical basis for the monitor of dynamical information of DNA in a graphene nanopore during sequencing from the ionic current fluctuation.

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A qualitative study of experiences, actions and motivations during accidental dwelling fires
Authors: Thompson Owain Frank , Wales David
Published: April 2014

This paper outlines the initial stage of Kent Fire and Rescue Service's project to develop a comprehensive understanding of the behaviours and associated motivations of those directly experiencing an accidental dwelling fire (ADF). Although human behaviour in fires in public, commercial and industrial spaces is a well‐established area, for the past 30 years, the study of human behaviour in dwelling fires has not received a comparable degree of attention. The first stage of this applied research was a pilot study comprising semi‐structured interviews with 10 individuals who had experienced an ADF and suffered physical injury as a result. This paper will outline the background to and findings of this qualitative study. Key among the findings was that several interviewees clearly expressed their desire to take early action to tackle or mitigate the effects of a fire. It also identified that a majority of interviewees entered or attempted to enter the room of fire origin to investigate, tackle or mitigate the effects of the fire and also expressed a strong belief in the validity and appropriateness of such actions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Gene–Environment and Gene–Gene Interactions Using a Progressive Penalization Approach
Authors: Zhu Ruoqing , Zhao Hongyu , Ma Shuangge
Published: April 2014

In genomic studies, identifying important gene–environment and gene–gene interactions is a challenging problem. In this study, we adopt the statistical modeling approach, where interactions are represented by product terms in regression models. For the identification of important interactions, we adopt penalization, which has been used in many genomic studies. Straightforward application of penalization does not respect the “main effect, interaction” hierarchical structure. A few recently proposed methods respect this structure by applying constrained penalization. However, they demand very complicated computational algorithms and can only accommodate a small number of genomic measurements. We propose a computationally fast penalization method that can identify important gene–environment and gene–gene interactions and respect a strong hierarchical structure. The method takes a stagewise approach and progressively expands its optimization domain to account for possible hierarchical interactions. It is applicable to multiple data types and models. A coordinate descent method is utilized to produce the entire regularized solution path. Simulation study demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed method. We analyze a lung cancer prognosis study with gene expression measurements and identify important gene–environment interactions.
The Pyreno‐Triazinyl Radical – Magnetic and Sensor Properties
Authors: Zheng Yonghao , Miao Mao‐sheng , Kemei Moureen C. , Seshadri Ram , Wudl Fred
Published: April 2014

We report the first example of a stable pyrenotriazinyl radical, 1,3‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐pyrenotriazin‐4‐yl (PyT). Magnetic susceptibility measurements of the radical PyT show a transition from a paramagnetic state to an antiferromagnetic state. The pyrene moiety has a strong influence via ππ interactions in 1D chain stacks that result in the observed magnetic properties. Unexpectedly, the pyrene unit has essentially no effect on the electronic structure of the triazinyl core. Chemical sensing studies on various nitrophenol‐based compounds showed that the radical PyT exclusively senses picric acid (PA), as a pH sensor, with a detection limit of 5.0×10−6 M.
Facile Preparation of Light Refractive Poly(aroxycarbonyltriazole)s by Metal‐Free Click Polymerization
Authors: Li Hongkun , Wang Zhe , Li Jie , Zhao Engui , Sun Jing Zhi , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2014

A series of poly(aroxycarbonyltriazole)s (PACTs) with high molecular weights and regioregularities is prepared in excellent yields by the metal‐free click polymerization (MFCP) of dipropiolate (1) and diazides (2) in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 100 °C for 6 h. The MFCPs can proceed smoothly in an open atmosphere, without protection from oxygen and moisture. The PACTs show good solubility and processability. They are thermally stable and the temperatures of their 5% weight‐loss are higher than 363 °C. The polymers exhibit high optical transparency and refractive indices with low chromatic dispersions. Moreover, the polymer film containing benzophenone units can be cross‐linked upon UV irradiation to generate negative photoresist patterns with high resolution.

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Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses high‐fat diet‐stimulated mammary tumor progression via the alteration of tumor microenvironments in obesity‐resistant BALB/c mice
Authors: Kim Minhee , Cho Han Jin , Kwon Gyoo Taik , Kang Young‐Hee , Kwon Seung‐Hae , Her Song , Park Taesung , Kim Yongkang , Kee Yun , Park Jung Han Yoon
Published: April 2014

We previously reported that a high‐fat diet (HFD) and M2‐macrophages induce changes in tumor microenvironments and stimulate tumor growth and metastasis of 4T1 mammary cancer cells in BALB/c mice. In this study, we attempted to determine whether benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) inhibits HFD‐induced changes in tumor progression and in tumor microenvironments. Four groups of female BALB/c mice (4‐week‐old) were fed on a control diet (CD, 10 kcal% fat) and HFD (60 kcal% fat) containing BITC (0, 25, or 100 mg/kg diet) for 20 weeks. Following 16 weeks of feeding, 4T1 cells (5 × 104 cells) were injected into the mammary fat pads, and animals were killed 30 d after the injection. HFD feeding increased solid tumor growth and the number of tumor nodules in the lung and liver, as compared to the CD group, and these increases were inhibited by BITC supplementation. The number of lipid vacuoles, CD45+ leukocytes and CD206+ M2‐macrophages, expression of Ki67, levels of cytokines/chemokines, including macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and mRNA levels of F4/80, CD86, Ym1, CD163, CCR2, and M‐CSF receptor were increased in the tumor tissues of HFD‐fed mice, and these increases were inhibited by BITC supplementation. In vitro culture results demonstrated that BITC inhibited macrophage migration as well as lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results suggest that suppression of lipid accumulation and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues may be one of the mechanisms by which BITC suppresses tumor progression in HFD‐fed mice. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New standards in underground loading and transport technology: electrically powered mining trucks in interaction with electrically powered LHD loaders / Neue Standards in der untertägigen Lade‐und Transporttechnik: Elektrisch angetriebene Minetrucks im Zusammenspiel mit elektrisch angetriebenen LHD‐Fahrladern
Authors: Wennmohs Karl‐Heinz
Published: April 2014

For the first time, a manufacturer has developed electrically powered LHD loaders and mining trucks (dump trucks) up to 50 tonnes payload for the non‐firedamp‐endangered mining field. These developments were based on the requirements signalled by numerous mines around the world. In comparison with diesel‐powered vehicles, electrically powered mining trucks can be used at significantly higher speeds, especially in the ramps during loaded uphill travel. This can be clearly seen in the extraction costs. With electric operation, significant cost savings can be made in ventilation, and the working conditions for the machine operators can be significantly improved. There has never been an interaction between LHD loaders and mining trucks with machines of this size, both electrically powered, up to the present time. In many mines around the world, this technique will be instrumental in future in supporting the steps necessary for economic recovery at greater depths.

Erstmalig wurden von einem Hersteller elektrisch betriebene LHD‐Fahrlader und Minetrucks (Muldenkipper) bis 50 t Nutzlast für den nicht schlagwetter‐gefährdeten Bergbaubereich entwickelt. Diese Entwicklungen basierten auf Bedarfsmeldungen von zahlreichen Bergwerken weltweit. Elektrisch betriebene Minetrucks können im Vergleich zu dieselbetriebenen Fahrzeugen mit deutlich höheren Geschwindigkeiten besonders in den Rampen bei der beladenen Bergfahrt eingesetzt werden. Dieses lässt sich in den Gewinnungskosten signifikant darstellen. Mit dem elektrischen Betrieb lassen sich auch erhebliche Kosten in der Bewetterung einsparen und die Arbeitsplatzbedingungen für die Maschinenfahrer deutlich verbessern. Ein Zusammenspiel von LHD‐Fahrladern und Minetrucks, beide elektrisch angetrieben, hat es bis zum heutigen Zeitpunkt in dieser Gerätegröße noch nicht gegeben. Diese Technik wird zukünftig in zahlreichen Bergwerken weltweit die erforderlichen Schritte für die wirtschaftliche Gewinnung in größeren Teufen maßgeblich unterstützen.
Challenges of pump and process engineering for the transport of solids with hydraulic piston pumps / Herausforderungen der Pumpen‐ und Anlagentechnik zum Transport von Feststoffen mit hydraulischen Kolbenpumpen
Authors: Richter Archibald , Hövemeyer Dirk
Published: April 2014

Putzmeister Solid Pumps GmbH provides solutions for the transport and storage of sludge and dense materials. Our solids pumps are used in the recycling of biomass and hazardous waste, as well as in power plants, sewage treatment plants, dewatering, mining and tunnel construction and in the mineral oil industry. The products and services include the planning of conveying tasks, advice in technical transport tasks, the supply of pumps, silos and piping with accessories. The delivery programme has also been expanded. Putzmeister offers complete packages with pumps, mixers, silos and piping. Assembly, start‐up on site and repair are performed by our Service Team.

Die Putzmeister Solid Pumps GmbH bietet Lösungen zum Transport und Lagern von Schlämmen und Dickstoffen. Unsere Dickstoffpumpen werden eingesetzt bei der Verwertung von Biomasse und Sondermüll sowie in Kraftwerken, Klärwerken, bei der Gewässerentschlammung, im Berg‐ und Tunnelbau und in der Mineralölindustrie. Das Leistungsangebot umfasst die Planung von Förderaufgaben, die Beratung bei verfahrenstechnischen Transportaufgaben, die Lieferung von Pumpen, Silos und Rohrleitungen mit Zubehör. Zusätzlich wurde das Lieferprogramm erweitert. Wir haben komplette Pakete mit Mischern, Silos, Pumpen mit Konzipierung und Rohrleitungen im Angebot. Montage, Inbetriebnahme vor Ort und Instandhaltung wird von unserem Service‐Team durchgeführt.
Multiple positive solutions for semi‐linear elliptic systems involving sign‐changing weight
Authors: Fan Haining , Liu Xiaochun
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we study the multiplicity results of positive solutions for a semi‐linear elliptic system involving critical growth terms. With the help of Nehari manifold and Ljusternik‐Schnirelmann category, we investigate how the coefficient h(x) of the critical nonlinearity affects the number of positive solutions of that problem and get a relationship between the number of positive solutions and the topology of the global maximum set of h. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Government intervention and the empowerment process: Citizen involvement in the 2010 Shanghai World Expo
Authors: Wang Ping
Published: April 2014

Citizen involvement in major government initiatives is increasingly favoured in the evolving theory and practice of public administration. As a mega project, the Shanghai Expo featured citizen involvement both as a publicity idea and as a pragmatic approach for obtaining resources and support from citizens. Due to the lack of a participatory democratic tradition, the Shanghai municipality has sought to promote citizen involvement through specific social projects over a short time. The paper explores the evolution of citizen involvement from consumerism to collaborative governance, and suggests the concept of empowerment as a crucial perspective in the promotion of such citizen involvement. Within this framework, two projects of the Shanghai Expo are analysed as case studies focusing on the empowerment process in citizen involvement. In conclusion, the study offers some reflections on the current state of citizen involvement and puts forward suggestions for post‐Expo governance in Shanghai. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of high‐dose chemotherapy in patients with first relapsed Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Rasper Meybrit , Jabar Susanne , Ranft Andreas , Jürgens Heribert , Amler Susanne , Dirksen Uta
Published: April 2014

Background

Prognosis of patients with relapsed Ewing sarcoma (ES) is poor. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) is 13%. We analyzed high‐dose chemotherapy (HDtx) versus conventional chemotherapy (CHtx) in patients with relapsed ES.

Procedure

Data from 239 patients with first relapse, registered during 2000–2011 in the ES relapse registry of the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study Group (CESS) were analyzed.

Results

Of 239 patients, 200 received various non‐HDtx second‐line CHtx regimens. Seventy‐three patients had additional HDtx followed by autologous stem cell rescue. The 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 10% (SE = 0.02) in patients treated without HDtx and 45% (SE = 0.09) in patients treated with HDtx. In a second step, we focused on those patients who achieved complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) after four to six cycles of conventional second‐line CHtx. Here, the 2‐year EFS was 31% (SE = 0.08) without additional HDtx and 44% (SE = 0.09) with additional HDtx. In addition, multivariate regression analysis indicates absence of HDtx treatment, with a Hazard ratio (HR) of 2.90 (95% CI 1.41–6.0), and early relapse, with a HR of 4.76 (95% CI 2.31–9.78), as independent prognostic factors for EFS.

Conclusion

Additional HDtx may contribute to further reduce the risk of further events in patients who respond to conventional second‐line CHtx. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1382–1386. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erratum: Development of composites based on recycled polyethylene/sugarcane bagasse fibers
Authors: de Carvalho Neto Alberto Gonçalves Vieira , Ganzerli Thiago Amaral , Cardozo Adriano Luciano , Fávaro Silvia Luciana , Pereira Antonio Guilherme Basso , Girotto Emerson Marcelo , Radovanovic Eduardo
Published: April 2014

When this article was first published in Polymer Composites, 35:768–774, 2014; DOI: 10.1002/pc.22720, the lead authors name was incorrectly supplied to the Publisher. His correct name appears above. The authors apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
Investigating macromolecular complexes using top‐down mass spectrometry
Authors: Erba Elisabetta Boeri
Published: April 2014

MS has emerged as an important tool to investigate noncovalent interactions between proteins and various ligands (e.g. other proteins, small molecules, or drugs). In particular, ESI under so‐called “native conditions” (a.k.a. “native MS”) has considerably expanded the scope of such investigations. For instance, ESI quadrupole time of flight (Q‐TOF) instruments have been used to probe the precise stoichiometry of protein assemblies, the interactions between subunits and the position of subunits within the complex (i.e. defining core and peripheral subunits). This review highlights several illustrative native Q‐TOF‐based investigations and recent seminal contributions of top‐down MS (i.e. Fourier transform (FT) MS) to the characterization of noncovalent complexes. Combined top‐down and native MS, recently demonstrated in “high‐mass modified” orbitrap mass spectrometers, and further improvements needed for the enhanced investigation of biologically significant noncovalent interactions by MS will be discussed.
Antioxidant properties of a human neuropeptide and its protective effect on free radical‐induced DNA damage
Authors: Mohseni Simin , Emtenani Shirin , Emtenani Shamsi , Asoodeh Ahmad
Published: April 2014

Human catestatin CgA352–372 (SL21) is an endogenous neuropeptide with multiple biological functions. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and DNA damage protective effects of SL21 neuropeptide. SL21 neuropeptide generated from the C‐terminus of chromogranin A (CgA) was synthesized by solid‐phase method. Synthetic peptide was subjected to various in vitro antioxidant assays including the scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐pycryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+), and hydroxyl free radicals, metal ion chelation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reducing power. Moreover, protective effect of SL21 on H2O2‐induced DNA damage was analyzed using pTZ57/RT plasmid. Methylthiazoltetrazolium assay was also performed to study the cytotoxic effect of SL21 neuropeptide on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, antibacterial and hemolysis assays were conducted. The results demonstrated high activities of SL21 in scavenging free radicals (DPPH, ABTS·+, and hydroxyl), chelating of Cu2+/Fe2+ metal ions, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a concentration‐dependent manner. SL21 neuropeptide revealed a protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Interestingly, the peptide exhibited no significant cytotoxicity towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, SL21 peptide displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa without any hemolytic activity on human red blood cells. Conclusively, the present study established SL21 (catestatin) as a novel antioxidative peptide that could further be investigated for its potential use as a pharmaceutical agent. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cerebral palsy transition clinic: Administrative chore, clinical responsibility, or opportunity for audit and clinical research?
Authors: Burns Fiona , Stewart Robbie , Reddihough Dinah , Scheinberg Adam , Ooi Kathleen , Graham H. Kerr
Published: April 2014

Purpose

The majority of children with orthopaedic conditions in childhood survive to adult life, and there is a need for many of them to transition to adult services. This includes children with disorders such as club foot or developmental dislocation of the hip as well as those with complex syndromic conditions, bone dysplasias or neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele. In many tertiary paediatric centres, transition has become a formal process in which clinicians document and communicate the status of patients who have been under their care to ensure a smooth transfer to adult services. The purpose of this report is to support the need for clear communication when children with cerebral palsy transition to adult services and to suggest that this transition represents a significant opportunity for audit and clinical research.

Methods

Some of the factors to be considered in developing a minimum data sheet for the transfer or transition of children with cerebral palsy to adult services are described.

Conclusion

Using the model of adolescents with cerebral palsy transitioning to adult services, orthopaedic surgeons can be encouraged to develop similar methodology and documentation for many other conditions for the purposes of communication, facilitation of transition, audit and clinical research.
CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM FIELD MODELS THROUGH LONGO–WITTEN ENDOMORPHISMS
Authors: TANIMOTO YOH
Published: April 2014

We present a procedure for constructing families of local, massive and interacting Haag–Kastler nets on the two-dimensional spacetime through an operator-algebraic method. A proof of existence of local observables is given without relying on modular nuclearity. By a similar technique, another family of wedge-local nets is constructed using certain endomorphisms of conformal nets recently studied by Longo and Witten.
Soil tests for predicting nitrogen supply for grassland under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: MCDONALD N. T. , WATSON C. J. , LAUGHLIN R. J. , LALOR S. T. J. , GRANT J. , WALL D. P.
Published: April 2014

Mineralized soil nitrogen (N) is an important source of N for grassland production. Some soils can supply large quantities of plant-available N through mineralization of soil organic matter. Grass grown on such soils require less fertilizer N applications per unit yield. A reliable, accurate and user-friendly method to account for soil N supply potential across a large diversity of soils and growing conditions is needed to improve N management and N recommendations over time. In the current study, the effectiveness of chemical N tests and soil properties to predict soil N supply for grass uptake across 30 Irish soil types varying in N supply potential was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) combined with soil C : N ratio provided a good estimate of soil N supply in soils with low residual mineral N. Total oxidized N (TON) had the largest impact on grass dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake across the 30 soil types, declining in its influence in later growth periods. This reflected the high initial mineral N levels in these soils, which declined over time. In the current study, a model with ISNT-N, C : N and TON (log TON) best explained variability in grass DM yield and N uptake. All three rapid chemical soil tests could be performed routinely on field samples to provide an estimate of soil N supply prior to making N fertilizer application decisions. It can be concluded that these soil tests, through their assessment of soil N supply potential, can be effective tools for N management on grassland; however, field studies are needed to evaluate this under more diverse growing conditions.
Behavioural changes and muscle strength inRattus norvegicusexperimentally infected withToxocara catiandT. canis
Authors: Santos S.V. , Moura J.V.L. , Lescano S.A.Z. , Castro J.M. , Ribeiro M.C.S.A. , Chieffi P.P.
Published: April 2014

Toxocara canisandToxocara catiare nematode parasites in dogs and cats, respectively, transmitted by ingestion of embryonated eggs, transmammary and transplacental (T. canis) routes and paratenic host predation. Many parasites use mechanisms that change the behaviour of their hosts to ensure continued transmission. Several researchers have demonstrated behavioural changes in mouse models as paratenic hosts forT. canis. However, there have been no studies on behavioural changes in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)experimentally infected withT. cati. This study investigated behavioural changes and muscle strength in male and female rats experimentally infected withT. catiorT. canisin acute and chronic phases of infection. Regardless of sex, rats infected withT. catishowed a greater decrease in muscle strength 42 days post infection compared to rats infected withT. canis. However, behavioural changes were only observed in female rats infected withT. canis.
Magicians' Trade Catalogs
Authors: Kattelman Beth A.
Published: April 2014

In her essay in the most recent Re: Sources column, Sharon Marcus argues for the importance of theatrical scrapbooks as historical resources and notes that, to date, they have been largely neglected. I offer the current essay as a companion piece to Marcus's in that I would like to argue for the importance of another largely neglected resource for theatre researchers: trade catalogs. Specifically, I will focus on the mail-order trade catalogs of magic supply houses that were prevalent throughout the twentieth century until Web sites took over as the primary marketing tools for these establishments. I also draw upon Christopher B. Balme's idea that historiographic rewards can be earned by paying close attention to the information contained in theatrical playbills. Balme posits that one reason playbills have been neglected is because they are considered to be further removed from a theatrical performance than visual evidence such as photographs, designs, or videos:

In comparison to theatre iconography—which in superficial readings would seem to offer the promise of access to the theatrical event, a performance on the stage (which of course it seldom does)—the playbill is foreplay but not the act itself. Like most foreplay, the playbill is clearly designed to excite, to stimulate; but for the scholar in search of the real thing, the transcendent experience and enchantment that is the “performance,” playbills represent a kind of archival ludus interruptus.
Searching out Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones on the Antonine Wall in 1723
Authors: Keppie Lawrence
Published: April 2014

Correspondence addressed to the antiquary Sir John Clerk, 2nd baronet of Penicuik, Midlothian, allows us to document the initial recording in 1723 of Roman inscriptions and relief sculpture observed at several forts along the line of the Antonine Wall between the Forth and Clyde, and the arrangements put in place to transport them to his home at Penicuik House. Particularly valuable is a series of drawings, which are sometimes our only visual record of the stones.
NONSTATIONARY NONLINEARITY: A SURVEY ON PETER PHILLIPS’S CONTRIBUTIONS WITH A NEW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Park Joon Y.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we provide a survey of Peter Phillips’s works on the econometrics for models with nonstationary nonlinearity, and some of the extensions that were made possible due to his original contributions. Parametric and nonparametric models are considered in both discrete time and continuous time setups. Although some of the asymptotics in the paper are applicable more generally for a wide variety of nonstationary models, we mainly analyze models with nonstationary processes that allow for the functional limit theory with limit processes having well defined local times.
Multimodal Emotion Integration in Bipolar Disorder: An Investigation of Involuntary Cross-Modal Influences between Facial and Prosodic Channels
Authors: Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Rossell Susan L.
Published: April 2014

The ability to integrate information from different sensory channels is a vital process that serves to facilitate perceptual decoding in times of unimodal ambiguity. Despite its relevance to psychosocial functioning, multimodal integration of emotional information across facial and prosodic modes has not been addressed in bipolar disorder (BD). In light of this paucity of research we investigated multimodal processing in a BD cohort using a focused attention paradigm. Fifty BD patients and 52 healthy controls completed a task assessing the cross-modal influence of emotional prosody on facial emotion recognition across congruent and incongruent facial and prosodic conditions, where attention was directed to the facial channel. There were no differences in multi-modal integration between groups at the level of accuracy, but differences were evident at the level of response time; emotional prosody biased facial recognition latencies in the control group only, where a fourfold increase in response times was evident between congruent and incongruent conditions relative to patients. The results of this study indicate that the automatic process of integrating multimodal information from facial and prosodic sensory channels is delayed in BD. Given that interpersonal communication usually occurs in real time, these results have implications for social functioning in the disorder. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Mapping Dynamical Mechanical Properties of Osteonal Bone by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy in Time-of-Flight Mode
Authors: Blouin Stéphane , Puchegger Stephan , Roschger Andreas , Berzlanovich Andrea , Fratzl Peter , Klaushofer Klaus , Roschger Paul
Published: April 2014

An important determinant of mechanical properties of bone is Young’s modulus and its variation in individual osteons of cortical bone tissue. Its mechanical behavior also depends on deformation rate owing to its visco- or poroelastic properties. We developed a method to measure dynamical mechanical properties of bulk bone tissue at osteonal level based on scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) using time-of-flight (TOF) measurements in combination with quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). SAM-TOF yields local sound velocities and qBEI corresponding material densities together providing elastic properties. Osteons (n=55) were measured in three human femoral diaphyseal ground bone sections (∼30µm in thickness). In addition, subchondral bone and mineralized articular cartilage were investigated. The mean mineral contents, the mean sound velocities, and the mean elastic modulus of the osteons ranged from 20 to 26 wt%, from 3,819 to 5,260 m/s, and from 21 to 44 GPa, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between material density and sound velocity (Pearson’sr=0.701;p<0.0001) of the osteons. Sound velocities between cartilage and bone was similar, though material density was higher in cartilage (+4.46%,p<0.0001). These results demonstrate the power of SAM-TOF to estimate dynamic mechanical properties of the bone materials at the osteonal level.
Vor der Essstörung
Authors: Knobloch Jörg , Kleinert Jens , Helwig Julia
Published: April 2014

Risikoverhaltensweisen für Essstörungen sind zwar weit verbreitet, werden aber, auch in der Schule, oft nicht erkannt oder als problematische Entwicklung nicht ausreichend beachtet. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden 352 Gymnasiastinnen im Alter von 14 bis 17 Jahren mit einem Fragebogen untersucht, der vier Risikoverhaltensweisen für eine Essstörung und sechs Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, die mit diesen im Zusammenhang stehen könnten, erfasst. Eine Clusteranalyse anhand der Risikoverhaltensweisen ergab drei Gruppen mit niedrigem, mittlerem und höherem Risiko für eine Essstörung, die sich diskriminanzanalytisch bestätigen ließen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Schülerinnen mit höherem im Vergleich zu den Mädchen mit niedrigem und mittlerem Risikoverhalten, im Mittel niedrigere Werte in der Selbstwertschätzung, der Körperzufriedenheit und beim Gesundheitskonzept aufweisen. Demgegenüber ist das Motiv, die Figur durch Sport zu verbessern und die Selbstaufmerksamkeit bei Schülerinnen mit hohem Risikoverhalten stärker ausgeprägt. Die Definition des Begriffs „Risikofaktor” und Möglichkeiten zur Verminderung des Risikoverhaltens werden diskutiert.