bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-year data set on aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology interactions for marine stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Sorooshian Armin , MacDonald Alexander B. , Dadashazar Hossein , Bates Kelvin H. , Coggon Matthew M. , Craven Jill S. , Crosbie Ewan , Hersey Scott P. , Hodas Natasha , Lin Jack J. , Negrón Marty Arnaldo , Maudlin Lindsay C. , Metcalf Andrew R. , Murphy Shane M. , Padró Luz T. , Prabhakar Gouri , Rissman Tracey A. , Shingler Taylor , Varutbangkul Varuntida , Wang Zhen , Woods Roy K. , Chuang Patrick Y. , Nenes Athanasios , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Flagan Richard C. , Seinfeld John H.
Published: February 2018

Airborne measurements of meteorological, aerosol, and stratocumulus cloud properties have been harmonized from six field campaigns during July-August months between 2005 and 2016 off the California coast. A consistent set of core instruments was deployed on the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies Twin Otter for 113 flight days, amounting to 514 flight hours. A unique aspect of the compiled data set is detailed measurements of aerosol microphysical properties (size distribution, composition, bioaerosol detection, hygroscopicity, optical), cloud water composition, and different sampling inlets to distinguish between clear air aerosol, interstitial in-cloud aerosol, and droplet residual particles in cloud. Measurements and data analysis follow documented methods for quality assurance. The data set is suitable for studies associated with aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology-radiation interactions, especially owing to sharp aerosol perturbations from ship traffic and biomass burning. The data set can be used for model initialization and synergistic application with meteorological models and remote sensing data to improve understanding of the very interactions that comprise the largest uncertainty in the effect of anthropogenic emissions on radiative forcing.
Is ReO3 a mixed ionic–electronic conductor? A DFT study of defect formation and migration in a BVIO3 perovskite-type oxide
Authors: Parras J. P. , Genreith-Schriever A. R. , Zhang H. , Elm M. T. , Norby T. , De Souza R. A.
Published: February 2018

Unexpected behaviour of the migration energetics of oxide ions, hydronium ions and lithium ions in perovskite-structured ReO3.
Selective binding and dynamics of imidazole alkyl sulfate ionic liquids with human serum albumin and collagen – a detailed NMR investigation
Authors: Reddy R. Ravikanth , Shanmugam Ganesh , Madhan Balaraman , Phani Kumar B. V. N.
Published: February 2018

STD NMR and selective spin-relaxation analysis evidenced the selective binding (anionic part) of imidazole alkyl sulfate ionic liquids with proteins (HSA and collagen). These studies also enabled the ionic liquids to be ranked based on their binding affinities with the proteins of study.
Intramolecular stabilization of a catalytic [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic investigated by experiment and theory
Authors: Pandey Indresh Kumar , Natarajan Mookan , Faujdar Hemlata , Hussain Firasat , Stein Matthias , Kaur-Ghumaan Sandeep
Published: February 2018

A dinuclear [FeFe] complex was prepared based on the design principles from the two families of hydrogenase enzymes and is internally stabilized by weak interactions to enhance hydrogen production.
Gold core-labeled TiO2 nanoparticles for tracking behavior in complex matrices: synthesis, characterization, and demonstration
Authors: Deline Alyssa R. , Young William M. , Nason Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2018

Gold core-labeled TiO2 nanoparticles can be a tool for studying TiO2 nanoparticle behavior in complex matrices containing background titanium.
Effectiveness of roadside vegetated filter strips and swales at treating roadway runoff: a tutorial review
Authors: Boger Alex R. , Ahiablame Laurent , Mosase Esther , Beck Dwayne
Published: February 2018

Water leaving roadside ditches has the potential to affect the quality of downstream waters.
Trapping a moving droplet train by bubble guidance in microfluidic networks
Authors: Zhang Longxiang , Liu Zhaomiao , Pang Yan , Wang Xiang , Li Mengqi , Ren Yanlin
Published: February 2018

The range of two-phase flow rate of uniform trapping is increased significantly by bubble guidance.
Effects of crystal phase and composition on structurally ordered Pt–Co–Ni/C ternary intermetallic electrocatalysts for the formic acid oxidation reaction
Authors: Chen Lingxuan , Zhu Jing , Xuan Cuijuan , Xiao Weiping , Xia Kedong , Xia Weiwei , Lai Chenglong , Xin Huolin L. , Wang Deli
Published: February 2018

An ordered structure and multiple components in combination promote enhanced activity and stability of Pt-based catalysts toward the FAOR.
Influences of surface coating of PLGA nanoparticles on immune activation of macrophages
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Gao Changyou
Published: February 2018

Uptake of BSA-coated PLGA NPs induces a stronger inflammatory response which is represented by the up-expression of TNF-α.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Methanol dimer formation drastically enhances hydrogen abstraction from methanol by OH at low temperature”’ by D. Heard, R. Shannon, J. Gomez Martin, R. Caravan, M. Blitz, J. Plane, M. Antiñolo, M. Agundez, E. Jimenez, B. Ballesteros, A. Canosa, G. El Dib, J. Albaladejo and J. Cernicharo, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, DOI: 10.1039/C7CP04561A
Authors: Siebrand W. , Smedarchina Z. , Ferro-Costas D. , Martínez-Núñez E. , Fernández-Ramos A.
Published: February 2018

We briefly reply to the arguments presented in the Comment.
Striping modulations and strain gradients within individual particles of a cathode material upon lithiation
Authors: De Jesus Luis R. , Stein Peter , Andrews Justin L. , Luo Yuting , Xu Bai-Xiang , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: February 2018

The insertion of Li-ions within cathode materials during the discharging of a battery oftentimes brings about one or more structural transformations. Distinct core–shell separation and striping of Li-rich and Li-poor domains are observed upon lithiation of nanowires of V2O5.
A Pd-catalyzed optional approach for the synthesis of dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Song Juan , Wu Hao , Sun Wei , Wang Songjiang , Sun Haisen , Xiao Kang , Qian Yan , Liu Chao
Published: February 2018

A direct and practical approach for the construction of DBTs was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction, in which commercially available o-bromo-iodobenzenes combined with benzene thiols or iodobenzenes combined with o-bromo-benzene thiols were applied.
Physicochemical conditions for ZnO films deposited by microwave chemical bath deposition
Authors: Galeazzi R. , González-Panzo I. J. , Díaz-Becerril T. , Morales C. , Rosendo E. , Silva R. , Romano-Trujillo R. , Coyopol A. , Nieto-Caballero F. G. , Treviño-Yarce L.
Published: February 2018

Physicochemical analysis was carried out to obtain the species distribution diagrams (SDDs) for the deposition of ZnO films as a function of OH− ion concentration ([OH−]) in the reaction solution.
High-efficiency and stable piezo-phototronic organic perovskite solar cell
Authors: Gu Ke , Zheng Dongqi , Li Lijie , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2018

Enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells with strain based on a piezo-phototronic effect.
Popgraphene: a new 2D planar carbon allotrope composed of 5–8–5 carbon rings for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes from bottom-up programming
Authors: Wang Shuaiwei , Yang Baocheng , Chen Houyang , Ruckenstein Eli
Published: February 2018

Popgraphene, a new 2D carbon allotrope constructed from 5–8–5 carbon rings, is proposed for use in high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks for enhanced performance of hole transport material-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Jia Suping , Zheng Jianfeng , Lin Yulong , Wu Yarong , Wang Jing
Published: February 2018

Nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks are facilely synthesized and can be applied as excellent counter electrode for HTM-free perovskite solar cells.
Vocalization Subsystem Responses to a Temporarily Induced Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Croake Daniel J. , Andreatta Richard D. , Stemple Joseph C.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to quantify the interactions of the 3 vocalization subsystems of respiration, phonation, and resonance before, during, and after a perturbation to the larynx (temporarily induced unilateral vocal fold paralysis) in 10 vocally healthy participants. Using dynamic systems theory as a guide, we hypothesized that data groupings would emerge revealing context-dependent patterns in the relationships of variables representing the 3 vocalization subsystems. We also hypothesized that group data would mask important individual variability important to understanding the relationships among the vocalization subsystems.

Method

A perturbation paradigm was used to obtain respiratory kinematic, aerodynamic, and acoustic formant measures from 10 healthy participants (8 women, 2 men) with normal voices. Group and individual data were analyzed to provide a multilevel analysis of the data. A 3-dimensional state space model was constructed to demonstrate the interactive relationships among the 3 subsystems before, during, and after perturbation.

Results

During perturbation, group data revealed that lung volume initiations and terminations were lower, with longer respiratory excursions; airflow rates increased while subglottic pressures were maintained. Acoustic formant measures indicated that the spacing between the upper formants decreased (F3–F5), whereas the spacing between F1 and F2 increased. State space modeling revealed the changing directionality and interactions among the 3 subsystems.

Conclusions

Group data alone masked important variability necessary to understand the unique relationships among the 3 subsystems. Multilevel analysis permitted a richer understanding of the individual differences in phonatory regulation and permitted subgroup analysis. Dynamic systems theory may be a useful heuristic to model the interactive relationships among vocalization subsystems.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5913532
Weighted nonnegative tensor factorization for atmospheric tomography reconstruction
Authors: Carmona-Ballester David , Trujillo-Sevilla Juan M. , Bonaque-González Sergio , Gómez-Cárdenes Óscar , Rodríguez-Ramos José M.
Published: February 2018

Context. Increasing the area on the sky over which atmospheric turbulences can be corrected is a matter of wide interest in astrophysics, especially when a new generation of extremely large telescopes (ELT) is to come in the near future.

Aims. In this study we tested if a method for visual representation in three-dimensional displays, the weighted nonnegative tensor factorization (WNTF), is able to improve the quality of the atmospheric tomography (AT) reconstruction as compared to a more standardized method like a randomized Kaczmarz algorithm.

Methods. A total of 1000 different atmospheres were simulated and recovered by both methods. Recovering was computed for two and three layers and for four different constellations of laser guiding stars (LGS). The goodness of both methods was tested by means of the radial average of the Strehl ratio across the field of view of a telescope of 8m diameter with a sky coverage of 97.8 arcsec.

Results. The proposed method significantly outperformed the Kaczmarz in all tested cases (p ≤ 0.05). In WNTF, three-layers configuration provided better outcomes, but there was no clear relation between different LGS constellations and the quality of Strehl ratio maps.

Conclusions. The WNTF method is a novel technique in astronomy and its use to recover atmospheric turbulence profiles was proposed and tested. It showed better quality of reconstruction than a conventional Kaczmarz algorithm independently of the number and height of recovered atmospheric layers and of the constellation of laser guide star used. The WNTF method was shown to be a useful tool in highly ill-posed AT problems, where the difficulty of classical algorithms produce high Strehl value maps.
Gaia: Science with 1 billion objects in three dimensions
Authors: Prusti Timo
Published: February 2018

Gaia is an operational satellite in the ESA science programme. It is gathering data for more than a billion objects. Gaia measures positions and motions of stars in our Milky Way Galaxy, but captures many asteroids and extragalactic sources as well. The first data release has already been made and exploitation by the world-wide scientific community is underway. Further data releases will be made with further increasing accuracy. Gaia is well underway to provide its promised set of fundamental astronomical data.
Characteristics Study of Photovoltaic Thermal System with Emphasis on Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yong Chuah Yee , Hajibeigy Mohammad Taghi , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind , Walvekar Rashmi Gangasa
Published: February 2018

Solar energy is typically collected through photovoltaic (PV) to generate electricity or through thermal collectors as heat energy, they are generally utilised separately. This project is done with the purpose of integrating the two systems to improve the energy efficiency. The idea of this photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) setup design is to simultaneously cool the PV panel so it can operate at a lower temperature thus higher electrical efficiency and also store the thermal energy. The experimental data shows that the PVT setup increased the electrical efficiency of the standard PV setup from 1.64% to 2.15%. The integration of the thermal collector also allowed 37.25% of solar energy to be stored as thermal energy. The standard PV setup harnessed only 1.64% of the solar energy, whereas the PVT setup achieved 39.4%. Different flowrates were tested to determine its effects on the PVT setup’s electrical and thermal efficiency. The various flowrate does not significantly impact the electrical efficiency since it did not significantly impact the cooling of the panel. The various flowrates resulted in fluctuating thermal efficiencies, the relation between the two is inconclusive in this project.
Numerical Analysis and Geometry Optimisation of Vertical Vane of Room Air-conditioner
Authors: Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi , Yin Chan Wei , Myan Felicia Wong Yen , Chen Yan Yao
Published: February 2018

Vertical vanes of room air-conditioners are used to control and direct cold air. This paper aims to study vertical vane as one of the parameters that affect the efficiency of dissipating cold air to a given space. The vertical vane geometry is analysed and optimised for lower production cost using CFD. The optimised geometry of the vertical vane should have the same or increased efficiency of dissipating cold air and have lesser mass compared to the existing original design. The existing original design of vertical vane is simplified and analysed by using ANSYS Fluent. Efficiency of wind direction is define as how accurate the direction of airflow coming out from vertical vane. In order to calculate the efficiency of wind direction, 15° and 30° rotation of vertical vane inside room air-conditioner are simulated. The efficiency of wind direction for 15° rotation of vertical vane is 57.81% while efficiency of wind direction for 30° rotation of vertical vane is 47.54%. The results of the efficiency of wind direction are used as base reference for parametric study. The parameters investigated for optimisation of vertical vane are focused at length of long span, tip chord and short span. The design of 15% decreased in vane surface area at tip chord is the best optimised design of vertical vane because the efficiency of wind direction is the highest as 60.32%.
Design Analysis of a Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Machine driven Electric Vehicle
Authors: Izzat Bin Zainuddin Mohd , Aravind CV
Published: February 2018

Electric bike in urban countries such as Europe and China commonly used the brushless direct current machine (BLDC) as it able to produce high torque to transport the user from one place to another. However, BLDC torque density can’t be improving due to limitation magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet. Therefore, the performance of electric bike can’t be improved. Outer rotor BLDC machine design able to improve the torque density of the motor due to increase radius of the motor which can be explained by simple physics equation (Torque = Force x radius). However, an outer rotor machine only generates constant speed, which is not suitable for operating under tractive load condition, especially electric bike. The proposed model is a new novel of double layer outer rotor BLDCPM machine which able to amplify the magnetic flux density and improve the torque density of the machine. The mutual magnetic coupling between the inner and outer rotor of the proposed model increase the magnetic flux intensity as both of them acts as individual parts. Thus, the magnetic flux generated by both rotors are double which resulted in improving the performance of the E-bike. Designing parameters and analysing the performance of the proposed 2D model is done using FEA tools. Evaluation of the conventional and proposed model by comparing torque performance, magnetic flux density and motor constant square density. Other than that, speed torque graph also is evaluated to justify either it can operate similarly to ICE engine with gears. Two model is designed which is Single Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (SORBLDC) and Double Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (DORBLDC) operated with the same cases of 27 Amp current supplied to it and operate under various speed from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. The average torque produce by the conventional and proposed model are 2.045439 Nm and 3.102648 Nm. Furthermore, improvement of the proposed model to conventional model in terms of motor constant square density by 24.92%. Therefore, the proposed model able to improve the magnetic flux by amplifying which resulted to increase the torque density of the machine. Furthermore, the speed-torque graph of the proposed machine shows similarity with speed torque graph of ICE engine. Thus, the proposed machine is suitable to operate for bike application
Parameters Affecting the Erosive Burning of Solid Rocket Motor
Authors: Abdelaziz Almostafa , Guozhu Liang , Elsayed Anwer
Published: February 2018

Increasing the velocity of gases inside solid rocket motors with low port-to-throat area ratios, leading to increased occurrence and severity of burning rate augmentation due to flow of propellant products across burning propellant surfaces (erosive burning), erosive burning of high energy composite propellant was investigated to supply rocket motor design criteria and to supplement knowledge of combustion phenomena, pressure, burning rate and high velocity of gases all of these are parameters affect on erosive burning. Investigate the phenomena of the erosive burning by using the 2’inch rocket motor and modified one. Different tests applied to fulfil all the parameters that calculated out from the experiments and by studying the pressure time curve and erosive burning phenomena.
Statistical Linearization of Nonlinear Stiffness in Hydropneumatic Suspension
Authors: Cheng Zhongli , Li Zonghua , Kong Fanqing
Published: February 2018

Hydropneumatic springs are the elastic components of a vehicle’s suspension. As the nonlinear characteristic of the spring is difficult to express accurately, the statistical linearization method is introduced to analyze the dynamic response of the hydropneumatic spring. The nonlinear stiffness of a hydropneumatic spring is approximated by a quadratic polynomial at the static equilibrium position. Parameters of the hydropneumatic spring, road roughness and vehicle velocity are provided and analytical functions for equivalent stiffness and the dynamic equilibrium position are worked out in this paper. The analytical functions are validated through numerical simulation and are shown to be more accurate than those validated by existing methods. The method proposed here could be used in the design and analysis of hydropneumatic suspensions in future.
Analysed statistically Modelling and Optimization of Laser Machining by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mizhir Hani , Jawad Kamil , H Obaid Zuhair
Published: February 2018

One of the important goals of this research is to predict a relationship between the process input parameters and resultants from surface roughness features through developing a laser cutting model. In most engineering applications, natural sciences and computing; statistical methods, which are one of mathematical branch are widely used for investigating the results. Laser cutting process of stainless steel (2205) is a machining process selected for this study. The technique which adopted here is a response surface methodology (RSM). The main portion for this study is the influence of cutting speed on surface quality. To study the model response, and for statistical approach with further prediction; a mathematical based model has been developed through regression analysis. It’s found that as one of the important results in this research, that cutting speed and surface roughness has a significant rule on the model response. To produce a good surface roughness, it’s approved that the high cutting speed connected with high power regardless of high pressure has a high influence on surface quality.
Zirkulierende Tumorzellen, zirkulierende Tumor-DNA und zirkulierende microRNA beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom – oder: Welche Rolle spielt die Liquid Biopsy beim Brustkrebs?
Authors: Polasik Arkadius , Tzschaschel Marie , Schochter Fabienne , de Gregorio Ameli , Friedl Thomas , Rack Brigitte , Hartkopf Andreas , Fasching Peter , Schneeweiss Andreas , Müller Volkmar , Huober Jens , Janni Wolfgang , Fehm Tanja
Published: February 2018

Die Streuung von Tumorzellen und Entstehung solider Metastasen findet sowohl über das Lymph- als auch das Blutsystem statt. Der Nachweis zirkulierender Tumorzellen (CTCs) und der zirkulierenden Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) im venösen Blut ist sowohl beim frühen als auch beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom möglich. Ihre prognostische Relevanz wurde bereits mehrfach bewiesen. Dabei ist die repetitive Untersuchung der CTCs bzw. ctDNA im Sinne einer regelmäßigen „liquid biopsy“ jederzeit und problemlos möglich. Durch die zusätzlichen molekularen Analysen ist es möglich, Tumorcharakteristika und ihre Heterogenität, die mit möglichen Resistenzen einhergehen, zu definieren. Dies ermöglicht den Einsatz einer personalisierten und zielgerichteten Therapie, um neben einem verlängerten Gesamtüberleben auch die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität zu erreichen.
Synthesis of Push-Pull Phenazines Possessing pH-Responsive Absorption Spectra and their Application in Selective Detection of Fe3+ Ions and Aromatics
Authors: Banerjee Subhadeep , Phadte Apeksha , Chattopadhyay Anjan , Bhavana P. , Singh Keisham
Published: February 2018

Phenazines bearing electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups with high pH-sensing behavior were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Theoretical calculations on the frontier molecular orbitals and experimental oxidation potential measurements under variable pH values provide evidence for extensive internal charge transfer at high pH value. The well-known strong affinity of the catecholate moiety present in our phenazines is utilized for spectrophotometric detection of Fe3+ ion. Fluorescence-quenching behavior of the prepared phenazines is utilized for detection and distinction of electron-rich and electron-poor aromatics.
Imaging Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis—Challenges and Recent Advances
Authors: Parmar Katrin , Banwell Brenda , Akbar Nadine , Bigi Sandra
Published: February 2018

Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.07 to 2.9/100'000 children per year. It follows a relapsing–remitting disease course and is characterized by rapid accrual of inflammatory lesions, high relapse frequency, and early cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of POMS, and in the exclusion of other disorders mimicking POMS. Furthermore, MRI aids in disease monitoring, and in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in both clinical practice and clinical trials. Volumetric MRI studies, diffusion tensor imaging, resting-state, and task-based functional MRI provide deeper insight into the impact of POMS on maturing neural networks. This review article aims to highlight the importance of MRI in the care of POMS patients and to provide an overview on the different MRI techniques used in the management of POMS.
Herausforderung für Onkologen
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer
Published: February 2018

Biosimilars in onkologischer Hand – das ist nicht gerade eine Liebesbeziehung, da Ärztinnen und Ärzte wieder einmal zusätzliche Verantwortlichkeiten aufgesattelt bekommen, die mit zentraler Patienten-Versorgung wenig, aber viel mit externen Interessen und einem Mehr an Bürokratie zu tun haben. Prof. Stephan Schmitz, Vorstandsvorsitzender des Berufsverbandes der Niedergelassenen Hämatologen und Onkologen (BNHO), Köln, beschrieb bei einer Fachtagung die wesentlichen Fakten, die alle niedergelassenen Krebsärzte kennen sollten, die die in Zukunft immer weiter wachsende Zahl von Biosimilars einsetzen werden. Wie von dem streitbaren BNHO-Vorsitzenden nicht anders zu erwarten, fand er zu manchen Aspekten höchst kritische Worte.
ASH 2017 - Proteasom-Inhibitor der zweiten Generation bewährt sich
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2018

Die Integration neuer Substanzen hat die Therapie des multiplen Myeloms (MM) innerhalb kurzer Zeit stark bereichert und die Prognose betroffener Patienten verbessert. So haben sich Carfilzomib-basierte Regime in der Rezidivtherapie als sehr effektiv erwiesen. Die auf dem ASH 2017 vorgestellte Studie ASPIRE ist bereits die zweite Phase-III-Studie, in der mit einem solchen Regime eine signifikante Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens (OS) bei Patienten mit rezidiviertem oder refraktärem MM (rrMM) erreicht wurde.
Erweitertes Therapiespektrum in der ersten Linie
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2018

In zwei auf dem Kongress der European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) vorgestellten Studien haben sich neue Regime in der mCRC-Erstlinientherapie bewährt. So werden mit dem Viererregime FOLFOXIRI plus Panitumumab hohe Responseund Resektionsraten erreicht. Auch steht mit dem Tripelregime S1/Irinotecan/Bevacizumab eine neue First-line-Option zur Verfügung.
Einfluss der Scanstrategie auf die Genauigkeit digitaler Ganzkieferabformungen
Authors: Keul Christine , Güth Jan-Frederik
Published: February 2018

Bei der digitalen intraoralen Abformung stellt sich die Frage nach der optimalen Scanstrategie zur Erzeugung eines genauen virtuellen Abbildes der klinischen Situation. Während bei der indirekten Digitalisierung im zahntechnischen Labor der Digitalisierungsablauf fest durch die Software des Scansystems vorgegeben ist, entscheidet bei der direkten Digitalisierung trotz Herstellerempfehlungen der Behandler am Behandlungsstuhl selbst über den Scanpfad. Während manche Behandler lieber lineare Scanbewegungen durchführen, bevorzugen andere beispielsweise eher s-förmige Bewegungen. Doch haben diese unterschiedlichen Scanbewegungen einen relevanten Einfluss auf das Scanergebnis?
Vermeidung atopischer Krankheiten durch Omega-3-Zufuhr in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: February 2018

In Deutschland besteht eine hohe Inzidenz für atopische Krankheiten – mit progressiver Tendenz. Die Studienlage zur Prävention dieser die Lebensqualität von betroffenen Kindern und Familien schwer beeinträchtigenden Erkrankungen durch Omega-3-Fettsäuren ist überwältigend. Die gynäkologischen Empfehlungen zur Omega-3-Zufuhr bei Schwangeren und Stillenden sind sinnvoll, werden aber kaum umgesetzt. Die optimale Dosis geht vermutlich sogar noch über die Leitlinienempfehlung hinaus.
Sport und Rheuma
Authors: Illgner Ulrich
Published: February 2018

Es werden ca. 200–300 verschiedene Krankheitsbilder dem „rheumatischen Formenkreis“ zugeordnet, und so heterogen wie diese Erkrankungen sind die Verläufe innerhalb dieser Erkrankungen beim einzelnen Patienten. In den letzten Jahren konnten enorme Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Pharmakotherapie insbesondere auch in der Versorgungsstrategie durch das „Treat to Target“ Prinzip erzielt werden. Obwohl eine breite Datenlage zu den positiven Effekten von Sport bei Rheumapatienten vorliegt, herrscht hier oft noch Unsicherheit über Art und Weise einer möglichen sportlichen Betätigung bei Ärzten und Patienten vor. Nicht nur für leichtes aerobes Ausdauertraining und „Low-instensity-Sport“ sondern auch für den Nutzen von intensivem Krafttraining liegen gute Daten vor. Durch den Einsatz moderner Hilfsmittel könnte die Sportfähigkeit vieler Patienten noch deutlich gesteigert werden. Noch wichtiger aber erscheint es, Unsicherheiten zu beseitigen, zu Sport zu motivieren, aber natürlich auch auf der anderen Seite, Risiken und Gefahren im Einzelfall im Vorfeld schon zu erkennen und zu umgehen.
Ernährungsbildung in der Grundschule – eine bundesweite Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Eisenhauer Laura , Breidenassel Christina , Arms Elke , Stehle Peter
Published: February 2018

Hintergrund Die Gesundheitsförderung an Schulen ist ein fester Bestandteil des Bildungsauftrags in Deutschland. Mit dem Hintergrund, dass in Familien immer weniger Ernährungswissen vermittelt wird, ist eine Förderung auf die Ernährungsbildung (EB) von Schulkindern eine seit Jahren diskutierte Forderung. Ob und in welcher Form die Inhalte einer gesundheitsfördernden Ernährung in den Lehrplänen (LP) der Grundschulen (GS) und welche Unterrichtsmaterialien (Quantität, Qualität) zur Verfügung stehen, ist aktuell nicht zusammenhängend erfasst. Ziel dieser Erhebung ist daher eine Bestandsaufnahme in den 16 Bundesländern (BL).

Methoden Die elektronische Version der BL-spezifischen LP wurde unter Verwendung von definierten Schlüsselbegriffen (z. B. Ernährung) durchsucht, um relevante Inhalte für die EB zu erfassen. Die bundesweit verfügbaren Materialien, Programme und Projekte für GS wurden mittels Internetrecherche ermittelt, unter vorgegebenen Kriterien in einer Materialsammlung zusammengetragen und mithilfe des Materialkompasses bewertet.

Ergebnisse In den einzelnen BL steht die EB mit stark variierendem Umfang, Aktualität und Themen in den LP der GS. Es ergaben sich 15 Themenfelder mit weiteren Unterthemen. Die erstellte Materialsammlung umfasste 246 verschiedene Materialien von Verbänden, Verlagen und Wirtschaft, die sich in ihrer Qualität stark unterschieden. Neben den meisten empfehlenswerten Materialien wurden auch 13 % wegen inhaltlicher und didaktischer Defizite als unzureichend eingestuft.

Schlussfolgerungen Die länderspezifischen LP für das Fach EB unterscheiden sich sowohl in Qualität als auch in Quantität deutlich. Zur bestmöglichen Erreichung der Ziele (Umfang, Wissenschaftlichkeit, Praktikabilität) in der EB wäre eine Regulierung auf Bundesebene erstrebenswert, um eine bundesweit einheitliche EB an GS durchzusetzen. Zur Aufrechterhaltung von Standards scheint eine Kontrolle mit einheitlichen Kriterien der Lehrmaterialien unabdingbar.
Institutional ontology for Conceptual Modeling
Authors: Eriksson Owen , Johannesson Paul , Bergholtz Maria
Published: February 2018

Conceptual models are intended to capture knowledge about the world. Hence, the design of conceptual models could be informed by theories about what entities exist in the world and how they are constituted. Further, a common assumption within the field of conceptual modeling is that conceptual models and information systems describe entities in the real world, outside the systems. An alternative view is provided by an ontological commitment that recognizes that the institutional world is constructed through language use and the creation of institutional facts. Such an ontological commitment implies that there is an institutional reality, which, to a great extent, is constructed using information infrastructures. Accordingly, conceptual models have not only a descriptive role but also a prescriptive one, meaning that modelers set up a framework of rules that restrict and enable people to construct institutional reality using information infrastructures. Understanding the prescriptive role of conceptual models may revive the area of conceptual modeling in the information systems research community. Reviving conceptual modeling through institutional modeling is motivated by the effect that implemented conceptual models have on information infrastructures and institutions. The purpose of this article is to propose an institutional ontology that can support the design of information infrastructures. The ontology is theoretically informed by institutional theory and a communicative perspective on information systems design, as well as being empirically based on several case studies. It is illustrated using a case study in the welfare sector. A number of guidelines for modeling institutional reality are also proposed.
Continuous control of asymmetric forebody vortices in a bi-stable state
Authors: Wang Qi-te , Cheng Ke-ming , Gu Yun-song , Li Zhuo-qi
Published: February 2018

Aiming at the problem of continuous control of asymmetric forebody vortices at a high angle of attack in a bi-stable regime, a dual synthetic jet actuator embedded in an ogive forebody was designed. Alternating unsteady disturbance with varying degree asymmetrical flow fields near the nozzles is generated by adjusting the duty cycle of the drive signal of the actuator, specifically embodying the asymmetric time-averaged pattern of jet velocity, vorticity, and turbulent kinetic energy. Experimental results show that within the range of relatively high angles of attack, including the angle-of-attack region in a bi-stable state, the lateral force of the ogive forebody is continuously controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the drive signal; the position of the forebody vortices in space, the vorticity magnitude, the total pressure coefficient near the vortex core, and the vortex breakdown location are continuously changed with the duty cycle increased observed from the time-averaged flow field. Instantaneous flow field results indicate that although the forebody vortices are in an unsteady oscillation state, a continuous change in the forebody vortices’ oscillation balance position as the duty cycle increases leads to a continuous change in the model’s surface pressure distribution and time-averaged lateral force. Different from the traditional control principle, in this study, other different degree asymmetrical states of the forebody vortices except the bi-stable state are obtained using the dual synthetic jet control technology.
Elements of decisional dynamics: An agent-based approach applied to artificial financial market
Authors: Lucas Iris , Cotsaftis Michel , Bertelle Cyrille
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces an original mathematical description for describing agents' decision-making process in the case of problems affected by both individual and collective behaviors in systems characterized by nonlinear, path dependent, and self-organizing interactions. An application to artificial financial markets is proposed by designing a multi-agent system based on the proposed formalization. In this application, agents' decision-making process is based on fuzzy logic rules and the price dynamics is purely deterministic according to the basic matching rules of a central order book. Finally, while putting most parameters under evolutionary control, the computational agent-based system is able to replicate several stylized facts of financial time series (distributions of stock returns showing a heavy tail with positive excess kurtosis, absence of autocorrelations in stock returns, and volatility clustering phenomenon).
A He-Ne gas laser with tunable wavelength and stable output intensity based on photon tunneling
Authors: Zhang Xiaobao , Luo Hui , Tan Zhongqi , Zhang Bin , Liu Jianping
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we report on a wavelength modulation He-Ne gas laser with stable output intensity. Wavelength modulation of the laser is achieved by modulating the length of the resonator cavity. And photon tunneling is used to change the loss of the cavity, namely, to modulate the laser output intensity. Then, the closed-loop feedback control technique is adopted to ensure the output intensity is stable when the laser wavelength is being modulated. Photon tunneling shows a significant control effect on the output light intensity of the laser. Finally, compared to a laser without feed-back control, the output stability of the wavelength modulation laser with feed-back control is an order higher in magnitude than that of the former, as average standard deviation of the output intensity decreases to a thirtieth of the original. In addition longitudinal mode characteristics and beam quality of the laser is measured. The measuring results show that it has two longitudinal modes and an excellent beam quality as the value of M2 factor is 1.029.
Using Poisson-regularized inversion of Bremsstrahlung emission to extract full electron energy distribution functions from x-ray pulse-height detector data
Authors: Swanson C. , Jandovitz P. , Cohen S. A.
Published: February 2018

We measured Electron Energy Distribution Functions (EEDFs) from below 200 eV to over 8 keV and spanning five orders-of-magnitude in intensity, produced in a low-power, RF-heated, tandem mirror discharge in the PFRC-II apparatus. The EEDF was obtained from the x-ray energy distribution function (XEDF) using a novel Poisson-regularized spectrum inversion algorithm applied to pulse-height spectra that included both Bremsstrahlung and line emissions. The XEDF was measured using a specially calibrated Amptek Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) pulse-height system with 125 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. The algorithm is found to out-perform current leading x-ray inversion algorithms when the error due to counting statistics is high.
Effects of herbivores, wave exposure and depth on benthic coral communities of the Easter Island ecoregion
Authors: Easton Erin E. , Gaymer Carlos F. , Friedlander Alan M. , Herlan James J.
Published: February 2018

The Easter Island ecoregion includes Rapa Nui (Easter Island; RN), with a human population of ~5600, and the uninhabited Salas y Gómez (SyG). Although the culture and terrestrial ecology of RN have been well studied, we know little about the marine environment of these islands, particularly the interplay among herbivores, algae, and corals, and how coral reef communities differ between islands, by wave energy exposure, and between depths. To address the potential roles of herbivores, wave-energy exposure, and depth on the sessile benthic communities, we examined herbivorous fish biomass, sea urchin (Diadema savignyi) density, and algal and coral cover to identify patterns and relationships among these groups. We found significant differences between islands. For example, turf and macroalgae were nearly absent from SyG, whereas D. savignyi density and Kyphosus sandwicensis biomass were ~28- and ~3-fold greater respectively at SyG. Benthic cover of coral and algae and density of D. savignyi significantly differed among levels of wave exposure, especially between wave-protected stations and semi-exposed and exposed stations. Likewise, community structure significantly differed at protected stations. Concordant patterns between herbivores and algae were observed. Therefore, herbivores and wave energy likely play important roles in structuring these benthic communities, especially for algal groups.
A randomised controlled trial of a brief intervention for illicit drug use linked to ASSIST screening in a primary healthcare setting: results from the Australian component of the World Health Organization Phase III ASSIST studies
Authors: Humeniuk Rachel , Newcombe David A. L. , Dennington Victoria , Ali Robert
Published: February 2018

This report presents the findings from the Australian component of the Phase III World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of a 5–10-min brief intervention (BI) for illicit drug use delivered in primary healthcare (PHC) settings. Participants (n=171) recruited from a South Australian PHC setting (sexual health clinic) who scored in the ‘moderate risk’ range on the ASSIST were randomly allocated to an intervention group or wait-list control group at baseline and were followed up 3 months later. The ASSIST was administered to both groups at baseline and follow up as a measure of relative risk. Those in the intervention group received a prescribed 10-step BI at baseline. The majority (n=63) of participants received the BI for amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) or cannabis (n=17). There was a significant reduction in total illicit substance (P<0.001) and ATS Involvement (P<0.01) for those receiving the ASSIST-linked BI, compared with control participants. There was no significant effect on cannabis involvement. The results of this study demonstrate that the ASSIST-linked BI may be a reasonably easy and effective way of reducing illicit substance use by Australian PHC clients.
Résolution de l’ambiguïté sémantique des noms propres par utilisation des croyances sur les connaissances d’autrui – application au prénom
Authors: Blin Raoul
Published: February 2018

Un nom propre, parfois porté par des centaines de milliers d’individus, lorsqu’il apparaît sans déterminant dans un énoncé, ne peut faire référence qu’à un seul et unique individu, non quelconque et identique pour le locuteur et son allocutaire. Une bonne part de la désambiguïsation repose sur l’usage des données contextuelles. Nous proposons un modèle opératoire du processus d’interprétation du nom propre, et plus précisément du prénom. Nous mettons en particulier l’accent sur l’articulation entre la grammaire et les connaissances générales, ainsi que la théorie de l’esprit.
The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high‐intensity time‐to‐exhaustion cycling performance
Authors: Naharudin Mohamed Nashrudin Bin , Yusof Ashril
Published: February 2018

Many physically active individuals have undertaken intermittent fasting to reduce their daily caloric intake. However, abstaining from meals for a specific length of time may lead to the acute disturbance of highly carbohydrate‐dependent exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on high‐intensity type exercises, Wingate anaerobic (WT) and prolonged high‐intensity time‐to‐exhaustion (HIT) cycling test. Twenty participants were randomised into an intermittent fasting (FAS) and a control group (CON). One day after baseline data collection on Day‐0 where participants consumed their recommended daily caloric intake (FAS = 2500 ± 143 kcal day−1; CON = 2492 ± 20 kcal day−1) served over a course of five meals, the FAS group consumed only four meals where 40% was restricted by the omission of lunch (FAS = 1500 ± 55 kcal day−1). This diet was then continued for 10 days. Data on exercise performance and other dependent variables were collected on Day‐2, ‐4, ‐6, ‐8 and ‐10. A reduction in WT power in the FAS group was observed on Day‐2 (821.74 ± 66.07 W) compared to Day‐0 (847.63 ± 95.94 W) with a moderate effect size (p < .05, ES = 0.4), while HIT time‐to‐exhaustion performance declined over the 10 days with a trend of recovery from a large to a minimum effect size (p < .05, ES = 0.8–0.3). Body weight and triglyceride were consistently reduced in the FAS group (p < .01). The present study suggests that intermittent fasting must exceed 10 days to ensure that high‐intensity performance does not deteriorate because this length of time seems to be required for effective adaptation to the new dietary regimen.
A new method for proving the separation principle for the infinite-dimensional LQG regulator problem
Authors: Mahinzaeim Mahyar
Published: February 2018

This paper gives an alternative perspective on the standard linear quadratic Gaussian regulator problem for infinite-dimensional state-space systems. We will show that when considered on an extended Hilbert state-space, the originally stochastic control problem can be phrased as a deterministic one. In this setting we obtain a new method of proof for the well-known separation principle which does not involve probabilistic considerations.
Evaluation of a recommender app for apps for the treatment of depression and anxiety: an analysis of longitudinal user engagement
Authors: Cheung Ken , Ling Wodan , Karr Chris J , Weingardt Kenneth , Schueller Stephen M , Mohr David C
Published: February 2018

Objective

While depression and anxiety are common mental health issues, only a small segment of the population has access to standard one-on-one treatment. The use of smartphone apps can fill this gap. An app recommender system may help improve user engagement of these apps and eventually symptoms.

Methods

IntelliCare was a suite of apps for depression and anxiety, with a Hub app that provided app recommendations aiming to increase user engagement. This study captured the records of 8057 users of 12 apps. We measured overall engagement and app-specific usage longitudinally by the number of weekly app sessions (“loyalty”) and the number of days with app usage (“regularity”) over 16 weeks. Hub and non-Hub users were compared using zero-inflated Poisson regression for loyalty, linear regression for regularity, and Cox regression for engagement duration. Adjusted analyses were performed in 4561 users for whom we had baseline characteristics. Impact of Hub recommendations was assessed using the same approach.

Results

When compared to non-Hub users in adjusted analyses, Hub users had a lower risk of discontinuing IntelliCare (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.62-0.71), higher loyalty (2- to 5-fold), and higher regularity (0.1–0.4 day/week greater). Among Hub users, Hub recommendations increased app-specific loyalty and regularity in all 12 apps.

Discussion/Conclusion

Centralized app recommendations increase overall user engagement of the apps, as well as app-specific usage. Further studies relating app usage to symptoms can validate that such a recommender improves clinical benefits and does so at scale.
The Effects of Respondent and Question Characteristics on Respondent Answering Behaviors in Telephone Interviews
Authors: Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D , Ganshert Amanda
Published: February 2018

In a standardized telephone interview, respondents ideally are able to provide an answer that easily fits the response task. Deviations from this ideal question answering behavior are behavioral manifestations of breakdowns in the cognitive response process and partially reveal mechanisms underlying measurement error, but little is known about what question characteristics or types of respondents are associated with what types of deviations. Evaluations of question problems tend to look at one question characteristic at a time; yet questions are comprised of multiple characteristics, some of which are easier to experimentally manipulate (e.g., presence of a definition) than others (e.g., attitude versus behavior). All of these characteristics can affect how respondents answer questions. Using a landline telephone interview, we use cross-classified random effects logistic regression models to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple question and respondent characteristics on six different respondent behaviors. We find that most of the variability in these respondent answering behaviors is associated with the questions rather than the respondents themselves. Question characteristics that affect the comprehension and mapping stages of the cognitive response process are consistently associated with answering behaviors, whereas attitude questions do not consistently differ from behavioral questions. We also find that sensitive questions are more likely to yield adequate answers and fewer problems in reporting or clarification requests than nonsensitive questions. Additionally, older respondents are less likely to answer adequately. Our findings suggest that survey designers should focus on questionnaire features related to comprehension and mapping to minimize interactional and data quality problems in surveys and should train interviewers on how to resolve these reporting problems.