bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomous expenditures and induced investment: a panel test of the Sraffian supermultiplier model in European countries
Authors: Pérez-Montiel José A. , Erbina Carles Manera
Published: April 2020

This paper tests the main postulates of the Sraffian supermultiplier model for the case of 16 European economies during the period 1995–2018. We adopt the methodology of Girardi and Pariboni (2016) and extend it to a panel framework. We apply panel unit root, cointegration, and causality tests that are robust to endogenous regressors, cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity across countries. Our results are supportive of the Sraffian supermultiplier model. In a heterogeneous panel framework, autonomous demand and output follow a long-run equilibrium relationship and there exists panel long-run causality that goes unidirectionally from autonomous demand to output. We also empirically verify the investment accelerator (the mechanism that enables the dynamic stability of the model) by confirming the existence of same-sign panel causality running unidirectionally from the growth rate of autonomous demand to the investment share. Our results call for national economic policies aimed at promoting the components of autonomous demand that act as locomotives of growth in each country.
Distribution and capacity utilization in the United States: evidence from state-level data
Authors: Petach Luke
Published: April 2020

Applying previously unused regional data to the problem of wage- versus profit-led growth, this paper estimates a demand-and-distribution system for a panel of US states for the years 1974 to 2014. Using variation in minimum-wage policy across states as an instrument for the labor share, I find that – at a regional level – the United States is strongly wage-led. In the absence of a satisfactory econometric identification strategy, I estimate the distributive curve non-parametrically. The results suggest the presence of significant non-linearities, with US states exhibiting profit-squeeze dynamics at low levels of capacity utilization and wage-squeeze dynamics at high levels. These results suggest difficulties for wage-led policy akin to a coordination failure.
Using non-linear estimation strategies to test an extended version of the Goodwin model on the US economy
Authors: Santos Julio Fernando Costa , Araujo Ricardo Azevedo
Published: April 2020

There is a growing empirical literature that seeks to determine country growth and demand. One possible shortcoming of those studies is their sensitivity to the estimation strategy, which is linked to the time horizon. A profit-led regime has been found to be the most likely outcome when adopting an aggregative approach, while a wage-led regime is the most likely outcome when utilizing a structural estimation. Another potential weakness is that the empirical approaches adopted are mostly linear. To overcome these criticisms, we adopt wavelet analysis, which allows the decomposition of a time series into short- and long-term components, thereby enabling investigation of whether the growth regime switches over time. This paper tests an extended version of the Goodwin model for the US economy using data from 1967 to 2016. The results show that both the growth and demand regimes are sensitive to time and are profit-led in the short term and wage-led in the long term, thereby confirming Blecker's (2016) insight.
Understanding the Brazilian demand regime: a Kaleckian approach
Authors: Tomio Bruno Thiago
Published: April 2020

The empirical literature on Kaleckian growth and distribution models consists almost exclusively of studies of developed countries. These studies have used varied econometric techniques and estimation methods, but little attention has been given to developing countries. Onaran and Galanis (2013) provide an extensive review of this literature, and they complement it by estimating models for some developing countries. However, owing to lack of data they were unable to estimate their model for Brazil. This paper expands the empirical literature by applying it to Brazil. The Brazilian demand regime is analysed for the period of 1956–2008, using functional distribution of income data supplied by Adalmir Marquetti (which was developed in a paper by Marquetti et al. 2010). The paper estimates the open-economy Bhaduri–Marglin model using the single-equation technique outlined in Hein and Vogel (2008). The results of the estimation show that the demand regime in Brazil is wage-led domestically despite being an open economy. Consequently, increases in the profit share tend to diminish demand. The paper concludes with some policy implications of the findings.
La préface et la postface dans les écrits de François Antoine Chevrier
Authors: Messina Luisa
Published: April 2020

The preface and postface in Chevrier`s works

Preface represents one of the most important moments of the paratext because it allows to understand better either author and or his work. Different functions linked to a preface (presentation of the work, author’s intent communication, defence instrument) are all found in Chevrier’s production. François‐Antoine Chevrier (1721‐1762) is known as one of the most problematic author in the eighteenth century because of his satirical and polemical vein which causes continuous and repeated attacks during two centuries. Chevrier only writes a post‐preface which, it is not a case, accompanies Le colporteur, his most famous novel. The author writes a post‐preface to defend himself telling to have painted only personalities whose scandals are well known by society. Analysis concerning Chevrier’s preface and post‐preface will permit to destroy prejudices, which are for a long time perpetuated, to understand more deeply his personality and his works.
Paracetamol degradation and kinetics by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Electro-peroxone, ozonation, goethite catalyzed electro-fenton and electro-oxidation
Authors: Öztürk Hazal , Barışçı Sibel , Turkay Ozge
Published: April 2020

The advanced oxidation of paracetamol (PCT), frequently used analgesic, promoted by electro-oxidation (EOX), goethite catalyzed electro-Fenton (GEF) with goethite, ozonation and electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) was investigated. The degradation efficiency of the processes was evaluated considering the decay of PCT versus time. All the processes showed pseudo-first order character for PCT degradation. kobs values, at optimum conditions for an individual process, were defined as 0.0022, 0.0029, 0.0870 and 0.1662 min-1 for EOX, GEF, ozonation and E-peroxone processes, respectively. Where EOX and GEF processes showed poor degradation efficiencies, novel E-peroxone process provided complete removal of PCT. The degradation of the PCT would mostly occur by OH• and molecular O3 due to the higher rate constants achieved at E-peroxone and ozonation. Conversely, with lower kobs values gained at EOX, hydroxyl radicals would not contribute noticeably to the PCT degradation. In GEF process, due to relatively lower OH• production rate, lower kobs values were obtained for the degradation of PCT. The formation of reaction intermediates, aromatics and carboxylic acids, was also determined in this study.
A institucionalização da imagem da profissão contábil: percepção de gestores de micro e pequenas empresas
Authors: Gomes Jéssica Karine de Oliveira , Walter Silvana Anita , Soutes Dione Olesczuk
Published: April 2020

Neste estudo buscou-se compreender como está institucionalizada a imagem da profissão contábil para os gestores de micro e pequenas empresas. Como base teórica adotaram-se os pressupostos da Teoria das Representações Sociais e as vertentes da Teoria Institucional, Velha Economia Institucional e Nova Sociologia Institucional. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com 10 gestores de diferentes setores de Micro e Pequenas empresas do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon. No processo de análise de dados da pesquisa foi empregada a categorização por meio da utilização do software Atlas/Ti e realizada análise de narrativa no material. Como principais resultados destaca-se que assim como em pesquisas que analisaram a imagem da profissão contábil pela ótica de estudantes ou pelos próprios profissionais contábeis, essa profissão está institucionalizada como importante para o mercado, mas ainda relacionada a clichês como profissionais ligados à matemática e capacitados para informar sobre tributos.
Índice de sentimento textual: uma análise empírica do impacto das notícias sobre risco sistemático
Authors: Silva Maria Daniella de Oliveira Pereira da , Machado Márcio André Veras
Published: April 2020

A proposta do estudo foi estimar um índice de sentimento textual baseado em notícias e investigar o seu comportamento sobre o risco sistemático. Para isso, foi investigado se o risco sistemático das ações preferenciais da Vale (VALE5) sofreu influência do tom e do volume das notícias atreladas ao acidente ocasionado pela Samarco, nos períodos em que os investidores estavam mais vulneráveis ao risco, partindo da premissa de que as notícias contribuem com a atualização das crenças dos investidores sobre suas expectativas futuras, principalmente em períodos de maior incerteza. As relações entre o risco sistemático, volume de notícias e sentimento textual (tom) foram obtidas mediante regressão quantílica. As evidências empíricas encontradas entre o 5º e 9º decil levam a constatação de que o volume e o tom das notícias veiculadas na mídia influenciam o beta da ação, quando existe uma maior exposição ao risco, sugerindo indícios de que o risco sistemático apresenta conexão com as divulgações de notícias pela mídia, nos períodos de maior incerteza sobre os fluxos de caixa futuro dos ativos.
Effects of surface roughness and light-absorbing impurities on glacier surface albedo, August-one ice cap, Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Chen Rensheng , Ding Yongjian , Han Chuntan , Yang Yong , Liu Zhangwen , Wang Xiqiang , Guo Shuhai , Song Yaoxuan , Qing Wenwu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Surface albedo is the main influence on surface melt for Qilian mountain glaciers. Fluctuations in surface albedo are due primarily to variations in micro scale surface roughness (ξ) and light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) in this region. However, combined ξ and LAIs effects over glacier surface albedo are rarely studied and surface roughness rarely considered in the albedo parameterization methods in this region. The present study was conducted in tandem with an intensive photogrammetric survey of glacier surface roughness, LAIs samples and albedo observations along the main flow-line of August-one ice cap during the 2018 melt season. Automatic photogrammetry of surface roughness and automatic observation of glacier surface albedo was conducted at middle of the ice cap in 2018. Detailed analysis indicates a negative power function and positive linear relationship exist between ξ and albedo for snow and ice surface, respectively. ξ could explain 68% of snow surface albedo and 38 % of ice surface albedo variation in melt season. Effective LAIs concentration (Cξ) calculated by consider ξ effect over LAIs deposition account for more than 63 % of albedo variation at ice surface. Using either ξ or Cξ to estimate ice surface albedo would be a great improvement over some current parameterization methods, such as assuming a constant mean ice surface albedo. A finer resolution of above 50 mm and above 100 mm is recommended for ice and snow ξ calculations, which explain more albedo variation than coarse resolutions below it. With advances in topographic surveys to improve the resolution, extent and availability of topographic datasets and surface roughness, appropriate parameterizations of albedo based on ξ have exciting potential to be applied over large scale snow cover and glacier.
Prototype single-balloon enteroscopy with passive bending and high force transmission improves depth of insertion in the small intestine
Authors: Morita Yasuhiro , Bamba Shigeki , Inatomi Osamu , Takahashi Kenichiro , Imai Takayuki , Murata Masaki , Ohno Masashi , Sasaki Masaya , Tsujikawa Tomoyuki , Andoh Akira
Published: April 2020

Background/Aims: We retrospectively analyzed Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with small intestinal strictures who underwent single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) to ascertain whether prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube had better insertability in the small intestine than a conventional SBE.Methods: Among 253 CD patients who underwent SBE, we identified 94 CD patients who had undergone attempted endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) for small intestinal stenosis for inclusion in this study. We analyzed whether the type of scope used for their initial procedure affected the cumulative surgery-free rate. For the insertability analysis, patients who underwent SBE at least twice were divided into 3 groups according to the type of scope used: conventional SBE only, prototype SBE only, and both conventional and prototype SBEs. For each group, depth of insertion, procedure time, and number of EBDs were compared in the same patient at different time points.Results: The success rate of EBD was 88.3%. The 5- and 10-year cumulative surgery-free rate was 75.7% and 72.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis indicated that the factors contributing to surgery were long stricture (≥2 cm), EBD failure, and elevated Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, but not the type of scope used for EBD. The prototype SBEs significantly improved the depth of insertion (P=0.03, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test).Conclusions: In CD patients with small intestinal stenosis, the prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube did not improve long-term EBD outcome but did improve deep insertability. (Clinical Trial Registration No. UMIN000037102)
Conceptual Metaphors of Time in the Sonnets of Shakespeare: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach
Authors: Al-Abdullah Mufeed
Published: April 2020

The article studies the conceptual metaphors of time in the sonnets of Shakespeare in light of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) presented in their book, Metaphors We Live By, and Kovecses’ (2002) informative views in his book, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. The extracted metaphors selected from a variety of sonnets that tackle the theme of time will be divided into three sub-categories: structural, ontological, and orientational. Under ontological metaphors, the study addresses metaphors in the forms of personification, metonymy, and synecdoche. Using the cognitive approach to understand the abstract concept of time in terms of a variety of concrete concepts with experiential dimension enables the reader to perceive this concept from different perspectives. The study hopes to show that the cluster of source domains Shakespeare provides in the metaphors maps an association of multidimensional possibilities that improve our understanding of time. Also, this consortium of possibilities points to the creativity and the wide scope of Shakespeare’s vision. The study hopes to add another vantage point from which to view Shakespeare’s presentation of time in light of modern progress in the studies of conceptual metaphors and cognitive poetics.
Lexical Ambiguity in Arabic Information Retrieval: The Case of Six Web-Based Search Engines
Authors: Omar Abdulfattah , Aldawsari Mohammed
Published: April 2020

In recent years, both research and industry have shown an increasing interest in developing reliable information retrieval (IR) systems that can effectively address the growing demands of users worldwide. In spite of the relative success of IR systems in addressing the needs of users and even adapting to their environments, many problems remain unresolved. One main problem is lexical ambiguity which has negative impacts on the performance and reliability of IR systems. To date, lexical ambiguity has been one of the most frequently reported problems in the Arabic IR systems despite the development of different word sense disambiguation (WSD) techniques. This is largely attributed to the limitations of such techniques in addressing the issue of linguistic peculiarities. Hence, this study addresses these limitations by exploring the reasons for lexical ambiguity in IR applications in Arabic as one step towards reliable and practical solutions. For this purpose, the performances of six search engines Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Yandex, and Ask are evaluated. Results indicate that lexical ambiguities in Arabic IR applications are mainly due to the unique morphological and orthographic system of the Arabic language, in addition to its diglossia and the multiple colloquial dialects where sometimes mutual intelligibility is not achieved. For better disambiguation and IR performances in Arabic, this study proposes that clustering models based on supervised machine learning theory should be trained to address the morphological diversity of Arabic and its unique orthographic system. Search engines should also be adapted to the geographic location of the users in order to address the issue of vernacular dialects of Arabic. They should also be trained to automatically identify the different dialects. Finally, search engines should consider all varieties of Arabic and be able to interpret the queries regardless of the particular language adopted by the user.
Die spanischen Parlamentswahlen vom 28. April und 10. November 2019 und die politische Blockade
Authors: Pfeiffer Christian , Werz Nikolaus
Published: April 2020

After Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and his party PSOE were unable to pass the state budget for 2019 due to a continuing blockade in parliament, Sánchez called new elections for the end of April 2019 . This was just another chapter in a blockade of Spanish politics that has paralyzed it for about five years and obviously has deeper institutional and cultural causes . This evidence was further underlined in the subsequent negotiations on forming a government, which failed once again . Therefore, the fourth national elections within four years had to be held on November 10, 2019 . This article aims to show some of the reasons for this blockade . This search for clues is embedded in an analysis of the national elections on April 28 and November 10, 2019 .
Die formale Dimension der Kandidatenaufstellung: Satzungen im Parteien- und Zeitvergleich
Authors: Hellmann Daniel , Höhne Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Party statutes stipulate their internal rules . Among other things they address how candidates are selected, who is allowed to nominate candidates, who is eligible to stand as a candidate and which voting procedures apply . For the 2017 Bundestag election, we studied the CDU, CSU, SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, Die Linke, FDP and AfD statues . As a consequence of Germany’s comparatively rigid legal frame for candidate selection all parties show several similarities but we were also able to identify a few differences . These differences indicate deviations in participation culture, e .g . how many members are allowed to nominate candidates, with smaller parties generally being more inclusive than bigger parties . AfD has the lowest grade of formal rules, which is owed to its relative short existence and therefore no need to institutionalize more formal rules . We also compared the aforementioned statues to the 2002 Bundestag election in a longitudinal analysis and concluded remarkable continuity and with only little change .
Der mühselige Weg zum Mandat – aber welcher? Empirische Untersuchungen zu Inhalt und Bedeutung der Ochsentour
Authors: Hellmann Daniel
Published: April 2020

The Ochsentour describes the slow, hard road to the top of political positions and is colloquially negatively associated . But despite this negative image, it remains unclear what actually constitutes this process of intra-party proving and how to interpret the metaphor of the arduous journey of the ox dragging the plough . A descriptive analysis based on the IParl survey shows that an aspirant’s nomination success depends on much more than the symptomatical duration of his or her party membership . These findings instead indicate that the development of a trusted relationship between candidate and party base is the key component of intra-party promotion . Overall the data suggests that aspirants are mostly flexible, show high levels of engagement and have proved themselves to their party base . Thus, the Ochsentour metaphor does not fit to the actual performance of candidature applicants.
Lactose Synthesis
Authors: Mardones Lorena , Villagrán Marcelo
Published: April 2020

This chapter is related to lactose synthesis, its chemistry, regulation, and differences between species, especially in cattle. Lactose synthesis takes place in the Golgi apparatus of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) by the lactose synthase (LS) enzyme complex from two precursors, glucose and UDP-galactose. The enzyme complex is formed by galactosyltransferase, and it is associated with α-lactalbumin. Importantly, the lactose secreted determines the volume of milk produced, due to its osmotic properties. Milk contains 5% lactose and 80% water, percentages that remain constant during lactation in the different mammalian species. The low variation in milk lactose content indicates that lactose synthesis remains constant throughout the period of lactation and that is highly conserved in all mammals. Lactose synthesis is initiated during the first third of the pregnancy, increasing after birth and placenta removal. Different glucose transporters have been involved in mammary glucose uptake, mainly facilitative glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 and sodium-glucose transporter SGLT1, with more or less participation depending on mammal species.
Knock Suppression of a Spark-Ignition Aviation Piston Engine Fuelled with Kerosene
Authors: Wang Enhua , Wang Chenyao , Zhang Fujun , Cui Huasheng , Yu Chuncun , Liu Bolan , Zhao Zhenfeng , Zhao Changlu
Published: April 2020

Spark-ignition (SI) engine has a high power density, making it suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles. Normally, gasoline fuel with a high octane number (ON) is used for a spark-ignition engine. However, gasoline fuel is easy to be evaporated and has a low flash point which is unsafe for aviation engines. Kerosene with a high flash point is safer than gasoline. In this chapter, the combustion characteristics of kerosene for a spark-ignition aviation piston engine are analyzed. A three-dimensional (3D) model is setup, and the combustion process of the engine fuelled with kerosene is simulated. Later, the knock limit extension by water injection is evaluated experimentally. The results indicate that water injection can suppress the knock of SI engine with kerosene in some extent and the output power can be improved significantly.
Towards Traditional Carbon Fillers: Biochar-Based Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Bartoli Mattia , Giorcelli Mauro , Jagdale Pravin , Rovere Massimo
Published: April 2020

The global market of carbon-reinforced plastic represents one of the largest economic platforms. This sector is dominated by carbon black (CB) produced from traditional oil industry. Recently, high technological fillers such as carbon fibres or nanostructured carbon (i.e. carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide) fillers have tried to exploit their potential but without economic success. So, in this chapter we are going to analyse the use of an unconventional carbon filler called biochar. Biochar is the solid residue of pyrolysis and can be a solid and sustainable replacement for traditional and expensive fillers. In this chapter, we will provide overview of the last advancement in the use of biochar as filler for the production of reinforced plastics.
Impacto do pastoreio bovino em florestas nebulares no Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Santa Catarina
Authors: Kilca Ricardo Vargas , Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina da
Published: April 2020

A pecuária é a atividade econômica muito comum do Planalto Catarinense e, talvez por isso, poderia ser a que desempenha a maior perturbação nos remanescentes de florestas nebulares (FN). Frente à abrangência deste impacto e a inexistência de estudos que avaliem a magnitude desta perturbação, foram investigadas as mudanças na composição florística e estrutura do componente arbóreo em uma cronossequência das FN em diferentes níveis de intensidade de pastoreio (fraco, médio, forte e com abandono) em áreas privadas não desapropriadas do Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Urubici - SC. Oito parcelas de 1.000 m2 foram instaladas nas FN (seis áreas próximas e dentro de um mesmo fragmento de encosta e duas áreas de floresta em estágio inicial fora deste fragmento) e amostradas todas as espécies arbóreas (arbustos e árvores) em duas classes de tamanho (Cl.1 = Alt > 0,2 m e DAP < 1,9 cm e Cl.2 = DAP ≥ 1,9 cm). A maioria das espécies arbóreas foi tolerante aos níveis baixos e intermediários de pastoreio e, por isso, poucos padrões florísticos foram revelados entre as florestas secundárias, exceto nos estandes bem jovens e os mais antigos. De forma geral, o pastoreio intenso no sub-bosque alterou mais a composição e estrutura do componente regenerativo (Cl.1) do que as plantas já estabelecidas (Cl.2). No entanto, o uso da restauração passiva parece ser suficiente para recuperação das FN não fortemente impactadas pelo pastoreio no Planalto Catarinense.
Manejo de florestas naturais degradadas na Amazônia: estudo de caso sobre critérios de colheita
Authors: Siviero Marco Antonio , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Yared Jorge Alberto Gazel , Pereira José Francisco , Aguiar Osmar José Romeiro de , Brienza Junior Sílvio , Pereira Paulo Cezar Gomes , Vieira Sabrina Benmuyal , Contini Karina Piekarski Siviero , Sales Agust
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho trata de uma experiência inovadora em relação a critérios para colheita de árvores em floresta natural degradada na Amazônia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em 535,6 ha de floresta na Fazenda Shet, em Dom Eliseu - PA, usando a base de dados do censo florestal referente a árvores com DAP ≥ 25 cm. Os critérios para colheita das árvores consideraram, prioritariamente, os seguintes elementos: grau de sanidade, qualidade do fuste (2 e 3), diâmetro máximo a permanecer na floresta (DAP < 100 cm), árvores de menor diâmetro (25 ≥ DAP ≤ 55 cm), espécies com maior densidade de árvores por unidade de área, distribuição diamétrica, segundo o coeficiente de Liocourt, manutenção das espécies intensamente exploradas no passado e com população de árvores ≤ 0,15 arv.ha-1. Foram inventariadas 46.012 árvores, pertencentes a 106 espécies, e planejadas para colheita 23,19% (10.671 árvores), aos 12 anos após a exploração anterior. Baseando-se no planejamento da colheita e seguindo os critérios, a previsão de colheita em relação à população total inventariada teve como resultado: 2,16% árvores pelo critério de sanidade; 15,45% pela forma de fuste; 0,26% pelo diâmetro máximo; 93,93% pelo menor diâmetro; 57,50% pela densidade arbórea; e 5,04% pela manutenção das espécies. A colheita foi realizada em 98,79% das árvores com sanidade comprometida; 22,20% com fuste 2 e 3; 97,39% com diâmetro máximo; 95,02% com menor diâmetro; e 90,30% com maior densidade arbórea. Foram mantidas 98,14% das espécies Astronium lecointei, Cordia goeldiana, Copaifera sp., Hymenaea courbaril, Hymenolobium petraeum, Handroanthus serratifolius e Manilkara elata, intensivamente exploradas no passado, e 98,70% de outras 53 espécies com menor abundância (≤ 0,15 arv.ha-1). O planejamento da exploração seguindo os critérios de colheita propostos possibilitou a extração de árvores em ciclos de 10 a 12 anos, sendo um tempo menor que o previsto pela legislação. A manutenção da diversidade de espécies arbóreas e a conservação da floresta em pé, previstas com esses critérios técnicos, podem ser alternativas para o manejo florestal ecológica e economicamente viável.
Potencial do uso de quatro espécies de bambu para a produção de carvão vegetal para uso doméstico
Authors: Brand Martha Andreia , Gaa Angela Zakostelsky Neves , Balduino Junior Ailton Leonel , Cunha Alexsandro Bayestorff da , Rios Polliana D'Angelo
Published: April 2020

A utilização de colmos de bambu pode ser uma importante alternativa de ampliação das fontes renováveis para a produção de bioenergia, inclusive para a produção de carvão. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de quatro espécies de bambu para a produção de carvão vegetal para uso doméstico, como forma de promoção do uso múltiplo desta matéria-prima e para geração de renda adicional para os agricultores familiares de Santa Catarina. Foram analisados cinco indivíduos das espécies Bambusa vulgaris, coletada em Florianópolis, e Phyllostachys bambusoides; Phyllostachys edulis e Phyllostachys nigra coletadas no município de Frei Rogério, Santa Catarina. As análises da massa específica básica dos colmos in natura, as propriedades físicas, rendimento da carbonização e propriedades energéticas do carvão foram realizadas nas porções basal, mediana e topo dos colmos de bambu de cada espécie. A qualidade do carvão vegetal variou entre as espécies de bambu, tendo como único ponto negativo o alto teor de cinzas para uso doméstico do carvão vegetal. Houve alta correlação positiva entre a densidade básica dos colmos e a densidade relativa aparente do carvão vegetal. A espécie Bambusa vulgaris apresentou o maior rendimento no processo produtivo, porém gerou carvão mais leve e com pior desempenho energético. Entre as espécies avaliadas, Phyllostachys nigra foi a espécie que produziu o carvão vegetal com a melhor qualidade energética e com boas propriedades físicas e rendimento gravimétrico. A qualidade do carvão vegetal variou em relação à altura do colmo. O topo dos colmos, que é o resíduo que pode ser destinado para a produção de carvão em plantios comerciais de bambu para múltiplos usos, apresentou maior rendimento no processo produtivo e carvão com maior densidade. Porém a qualidade energética do carvão foi inferior em relação a base e posição mediana dos colmos.
Resistência mecânica do solo à penetração em sistema silvipastoril após onze anos de implantação
Authors: Sartor Laércio Ricardo , Ramão Jessica , Silva Vanderley Porfírio da , Cassol Luis Cesar , Brun Eleandro José
Published: April 2020

Com a crescente demanda por alimentos, surge a necessidade de intensificação no uso do solo, convergindo para sistemas de produção com características de sustentabilidade. Uma alternativa, aplicada à agricultura, é a adoção de sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária, como exemplo está o sistema silvipastoril. A integração entre sistemas de produções visa maximizar o uso dos recursos naturais e dos insumos, com menos impacto sobre o ambiente e maior ganho em produtividade da área. Nesse sentido, os efeitos em longo prazo, promovidos por sistemas silvipastoris nos atributos físicos do solo, devem ser estudados e relatados na literatura científica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RMP) em faixas longitudinais distribuídas entre linhas de árvores plantadas em duas disposições, Leste-Oeste e Norte-Sul, de um solo sob um sistema silvipastoril após 11 anos de sua implantação. A espécie arbórea implantada em 2006 foi a Grevillea robusta e, como espécie forrageira, a Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) sob pastejo com lotação rotacionada de bovinos de leite. Para determinação da RMP foram avaliadas as camadas de solo de 0,0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40m de profundidade com auxílio de penetrômetro digital. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. As disposições das árvores não foram consideradas como fator experimental e as análises feitas isoladamente dentro das disposições Leste-Oeste e Norte-Sul. Os maiores valores de RMP foram observados na camada de 0,05-0,10 m do solo e nas áreas avaliadas com maior proximidade das árvores, indicando o efeito do animal, que permanece nesses locais por mais tempo devido ao conforto térmico proporcionado pela sobra das árvores. A serapilheira depositada no solo pelas árvores e sistema radicular da espécie forrageira deve ter auxiliado para que os níveis de RMP fossem menores na superfície do solo, considerando o incremento nos teores de matéria orgânica na superfície do solo. O efeito do sistema radicular da espécie arbórea pode ter contribuído para os maiores valores de RMP na profundidade de 0,20 a 0,40m para disposição LesteOeste.
Instituição de longa permanência para idosos: avaliando o processamento auditivo dessa população
Authors: Bruno Rubia Soares , Biaggio Eliara Pinto Vieira , Silva Débora Durigon da , Didoné Dayane Domeneghini , Oppitz Sheila Jacques , Fedosse Elenir , Garcia Michele Vargas
Published: April 2020

RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar as habilidades do processamento auditivo de idosos institucionalizados por meio de testes comportamentais e eletrofisiológico.Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 12 idosos com audição normal e perda auditiva neurossensorial simétricas, de grau até moderado em ambas as orelhas. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: anamnese,inspeção visual do meato acústico externo,audiometria,medidas de imitância acústica,Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência (PEALL) e testes comportamentais do processamento auditivo sendo eles:  localização sonora,memória sequêncial para sons verbais e não verbais, padrão de duração e dicótico de dígitos, realizados preferencialmente a 40dB NS. Para os PEALL pesquisou-se os valores de latência de N1-P2 e latência e amplitude do P300,realizados numa intensidade de 70-90 dBNPS.Resultados: A média de idade foi de aproximadamente 70 anos. A maioria dos idosos apresentou alteração em pelo menos um dos testes comportamentais. Nos PEALL a maioria apresentou valores de latência dos componentes N1 e P2 dentro do esperado para a faixa etária e alteração do P300.Conclusão: Constatou-se alteração das habilidades do processamento auditivo em todos os idosos institucionalizados.
Compostos isolados de jatropha isabelli (müell arg.) com atividade gastroprotetora
Authors: Fröhlich Janaina Kieling , Boligon Aline Augusti , Feltrin Andrieli Cassel , Janovik Vanessa , Forbrig Froeder Amanda Luana , Linde Athayde Margareth
Published: April 2020

As plantas medicinais são importantes para a pesquisa farmacológica e para o desenvolvimento de fármacos, não somente quando seus constituintes são usados diretamente como agentes terapêuticos, mas também como matérias­primas isoladas para a síntese ou modelo de compostos farmacologicamente ativos. No entanto, apenas uma pequena parte das plantas foi estudada e tiveram suas ações farmacológicas conhecidas. A fim de mostrar o potencial de Jatropha isabelli Müell Arg (Euphorbiaceae) para o desenvolvimento de um medicamento a partir de seus ativos isolados, as atividades gastroprotetoras da planta são apresentadas
Efeitos da hospitalização prolongada: o impacto da internação na vida paciente e seus cuidadores
Authors: Silva Renata Pereira da , Pinto Priscilla Indianara Di Paula , Alencar Ana Maria Cartaxo de
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da hospitalização prolongada nos pacientes e seus cuidadores. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido no Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro em Campina Grande, PB, a população foi composta de 60 indivíduos. Resultados: a maioria da amostra de pacientes possuía faixa etária de 20-40 anos e a maioria eram homens, tiveram experiências anteriores com internações e estavam hospitalizados há mais de 10 dias. Os cuidadores, tinham idade entre 40-60 anos, a maioria eram mulheres. Quanto à qualidade de vida dos pacientes, apresentaram maiores escores no domínio psicológico e relações sociais, no cuidador a escala variou de 21 a 40 e em média não referiram altos índices. Conclusão: a falta de interesse de alguns participantes inviabilizou um número maior de indivíduos para o estudo, além disso, precisa ser mais explorada pela comunidade cientifica.
Efeito do Residual de Atrazina e Atrazina + Simazina em Soja
Authors: Peruzzo Felipe Tolloti , Silva Diecson Ruy Orsolin da , Silva Álvaro André Alba da , Novello Bruna Dal'Pizol , Cuchi Marina Luiza
Published: April 2020

A persistência no solo de herbicidas do grupo das triazinas é dependente de basicamente de condições de precipitação e características do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito residual de diferentes épocas de aplicação e doses de atrazina e atrazina + simazina para a cultura da soja. Conduziram-se experimentos a campo e casa de vegetação. A campo utilizou-se o delineamento de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, sendo o fator A composto por épocas de aplicação 56, 49, 42, 35, 28, 21 e 14 dias antes da semeadura da soja; e fator B, pelos herbicidas atrazina e atrazina + simazina. Para o experimento em casa de vegetação o delineamento inteiramente casualizados, o fator A foi constituído de doses 0, 570, 1.140, 1.715, 2.285, 2.860, 3.430 e 4.000 g i.a.ha-1; e fator B pelos herbicidas atrazina e atrazina + simazina. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada com pulverizador costal pressurizado por CO2, após a aplicação realizou-se a semeadura da soja. A campo avaliou-se o estande de plantas, fitotoxicidade, estatura, altura de inserção do primeiro entrenó, teor de clorofila e produtividade. Em casa de vegetação foram avaliados fitotoxicidade, estatura de plantas, área foliar e massa seca. Após os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e quando significativas as medias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5%. A simulação de residual dos herbicidas atrazina e atrazina + simazina no solo apresentam comportamento similares quanto aos efeitos na soja. No experimento a campo, devido às altas precipitações ocorridas no intervalo entre as aplicações dos herbicidas e a semeadura da soja, não foram observados efeitos fitotóxicos ou redução na produtividade da cultura. Em casa de vegetação, o aumento da dose residual dos herbicidas no solo incrementou os efeitos tóxicos na soja.
Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis at different larval ages of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kaiser Ingrid Schimidt , Lima Victor Luiz Souza , Pratissoli Dirceu , Machado Lorena Contarini , Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas
Published: April 2020

The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest that attacks diverse crops and weed. One of the alternatives to insecticides may be the use of bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). Thus, the objective of the present study were evaluating the toxicity of Agree® and Dipel® bioinsecticides based on Bt on different larval ages of A. ipsilon. For the experiments, five larval ages were used (0-24, 48-72, 96-120, 144-168, and 192-216 h). The A. ipsilon caterpillars were individualized in acrylic tubes containing an artificial diet and 50 μL of each biopesticide in the concentration 1 × 108 spores mL-1. Mortality was assessed for seven days. The two bioinsecticides evaluated promoted mortality at all larval ages of A. ipsilon. The age of 0-24 h had mortality above 90%. The values of LC50 and LC90 were 9.8 × 105 and 7.4 × 106 spores mL-1 for Agree® and 1.3 × 106 e 1.4 × 107 spores mL-1 for Dipel®, respectively, without difference between LC50 and LC90 values of the bioinsecticides. The results indicate that younger caterpillars are more susceptible to Bt-based bioinsecticides.
Understanding Democracy in Dutch Curriculum Change through a Delphi Method
Authors: Parra Saro Lozano , Bakker Cok , van Liere Lucien
Published: April 2020

Citizenship education is an important part of current debates about future education. In contrast, educational philosopher Gert Biesta calls for a shift “from teaching citizenship to learning democracy”. This study wants to contribute to this shift. A Delphi-method is applied
on a Dutch case study, presenting a way to collect and analyze data from experts that can be applied in different political, cultural and geographical contexts. The Delphi panel consists of experts from three categories of expertise in the field of democracy and Dutch education. A thematic
analysis of the data collected through two succeeding rounds showed four emerging themes when turning the scope from citizenship to democracy: the distribution of responsibility of teachers and school leaders, the questions revolving around the freedom of education secured by
the Dutch constitution, the nature of citizenship education, and most importantly, the school as a playground to practice democracy. This final theme was singled out by the experts as a higher purpose of democracy in education. This study argues that the concept of the
school as a playground to practice democracy should be the focus to make the shift from teaching citizenship to learning democracy.
The Alchemy of Us
Authors: Ramirez Ainissa
Published: April 2020

In the bestselling tradition of Stuff Matters and The Disappearing Spoon: a clever and engaging look at materials, the innovations they made possible, and how these technologies changed us.

One of the Best Summer Science Books of 2020 by Science Friday | Named one of Smithsonian Magazine's Ten Best Science Books of 2020 | Finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award in Science and Technology | Winner of the 2021 AAAS/Subaru SBF Prize in the Young Adult Science Book Category

In The Alchemy of Us, scientist and science writer Ainissa Ramirez examines eight inventions—clocks, steel rails, copper communication cables, photographic film, light bulbs, hard disks, scientific labware, and silicon chips—and reveals how they shaped the human experience. Ramirez tells the stories of the woman who sold time, the inventor who inspired Edison, and the hotheaded undertaker whose invention pointed the way to the computer. She describes, among other things, how our pursuit of precision in timepieces changed how we sleep; how the railroad helped commercialize Christmas; how the necessary brevity of the telegram influenced Hemingway's writing style; and how a young chemist exposed the use of Polaroid's cameras to create passbooks to track Black citizens in apartheid South Africa. These fascinating and inspiring stories offer new perspectives on our relationships with technologies.

Ramirez shows not only how materials were shaped by inventors but also how those materials shaped culture, chronicling each invention and its consequences—intended and unintended. Filling in the gaps left by other books about technology, Ramirez showcases little-known inventors—particularly people of color and women—who had a significant impact but whose accomplishments have been hidden by mythmaking, bias, and convention. Doing so, she shows us the power of telling inclusive stories about technology. She also shows that innovation is universal—whether it's splicing beats with two turntables and a microphone or splicing genes with two test tubes and CRISPR.
Design of Plasmonic NOT Logic Gate Based on Insulator – Metal – Insulator (IMI) waveguides
Authors: Fakhruldeen H. F. , Mansour T. S.
Published: April 2020

In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed using Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides Technology. The proposed all-optical NOT gate is simulated and realized using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software. Recently, plasmonic technology has attracted high attention due to its wide applications in all-optical signal processing. Due to its highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have huge applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in the waveguides which results in overcoming the diffraction limit problem in conventional optics. The proposed IMI structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Our design consists of symmetric nano-rings structures with two straight waveguides which based on IMI structure. The operation of all-optical NOT gate is realized by employing the constructive and destructive interface between the straight waveguides and the nano-rings structure waveguides. There are three ports in the proposed design, input, control and output ports. The activation of control port is always ON. By changing the structure dimensions, the materials, the phase of the applied optical signal to the input and control ports, the optical transmission at the output port is changed. In our proposed structure, the insulator dielectric material is glass and the metal material is silver. The calculated contrast ratio between (ON and OFF) output states is 3.16 (dB).
Modeling the influence of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Allium tenuissimum L.
Authors: Xiao Hong , Yang Helong , Monaco Thomas , Song Qian , Rong Yuping
Published: April 2020

Allium tenuissimum L. is a widely distributed perennial herbaceous species in temperate and desert steppes. Relative to other wild Allium species, it produces unique sweet flavors, more biomass in arid and cold environments, and has generated greater interest for crop production. Successful crop establishment, however, will depend on rapid and uniform seed germination. Our study aimed to characterize seed germination of A. tenuissimum under various temperature regimes (11, 15, 20, 24 and 28 °C) and water potential levels (0, −0.2, −0.4 and −0.6 MPa), and model germination by hydrotime (HT) and hydrothermal time (HTT) analysis. Final germination percentage (FGP) increased within the range of 11 to 20 °C, yet it declined within the range of 24 to 28 °C and generally decreased as water potential became more negative within each temperature setting. Maximum FGP was observed at 20 °C at all water potential settings and ranged from 55.0 ± 5.3 to 94.8 ± 1.4%. According to HT and HTT models, the base (Tb) and optimum temperatures (To) for seed germination were 7.0 and 20.5 °C, respectively. In addition, base water potential for the fraction of germination within the seed lot (Ψb(g)) shifted to 0 MPa as temperature increased from Tb to ceiling temperature (Tc). For obtaining 50 % seed germination, Ψb(50) and Tc(50) were estimated to be −0.67 MPa and 27.2 °C, respectively. These values for Tb and Ψb(50) suggest seed germination of A. tenuissimum is both cold and drought tolerant and suitable for production in semi-arid regions. Our characterization of the ideal sowing conditions for A. tenuissimum, i.e., 20.5 °C and soil water potential less negative than −0.67 MPa offers information to forecast suitable settings to enhance crop production.
Emotional Repercussion and Changes Experienced by Family Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer's: A Study in the Southern Region of Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Camila Rocha de , Klinger Ellen Fernanda , Prado Daniely de Sousa , Moreira Larisse Aires
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common dementia among the elderly, but unfortunately, the early symptoms are mistaken for natural aspects of age. Thus, knowledge is an excellent tool to get a diagnosis still in the early stage.

Aims: Therefore, this article addresses the psychological reactions of family caregivers of individuals with that disorder and coping conditions experienced by them.

Methods: To this end, an exploratory descriptive study of qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews with primary caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer took place, and some of the participants were appointed by indicated Regional Tocantinense Association Brasilian Alzheimer’s - ABRAZ, not exceeding the expected number, the researchers received help in the indication of caregivers who were already part of this research.

Results: Regarding the coping conditions, there was family resilience, some resorted even psychological aid, since the change in routine was essential for the welfare of the elderly. Five respondents knew little about the disease before diagnosis, however, they began to delve into the matter with a view to aid in the treatment. Thus the knowledge acquired over time only came to add, thereby contributing to an improvement in the quality of life in both parties.

Conclusion: The look of psychology facing the coping experienced by caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s is of paramount importance, as well as knowledge of caregivers about the disease, although acquired over time, contributed to an improvement in the quality of life of both parties.