bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2-switchable polymer-hybrid silver nanoparticles and their gas-tunable catalytic activity
Authors: Guo Zanru , Gu Hongjian , Ma Wei , Chen Qiang , He Zhanfeng , Zhang Jiali , Liu Yongxin , Zheng Longzhen , Feng Yujun
Published: October 2017

A new type CO2-switchable AgNPs hybrids show switchable and monotonous tunable catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by varying the flow rate of CO2purged into the reaction system.
Influence of supported PtPd nanoparticles on the tensile strength of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes: strength decrease by the interaction of metal and nanotube
Authors: Suzuki Hideaki , Kimura Tatsuhito , Yamamoto Go , Hashida Toshiyuki , Motomiya Kenichi , Tohji Kazuyuki , Sato Yoshinori
Published: October 2017

The influence of supported PtPd nanoparticles on the tensile strength of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated.
Self-emulsification of eugenol by modified rice proteins to design nano delivery systems for controlled release of caffeic acid phenethyl ester
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Huaiqiong , Wang Ren , Chen Zhengxing , Zhong Qixin
Published: October 2017

O/W emulsions with varied structures were self-assembled as a result of protein-oil binding, which can be tailored for controlled release.
Investigation of membrane condensation induced by CaCO3 nanoparticles and its effect on membrane protein function
Authors: Luo Ke , Jeong Ki-Baek , Oh Jae-Min , Choi Soo-Jin , Jeon Tae-Joon , Kim Young-Rok
Published: October 2017

Investigation of membrane condensation induced by calcium ions released from nano-CaCO3.
Preparation of hollow polyurethane microspheres with tunable surface structures via electrospraying technology
Authors: Pu Wuli , Fu Daihua , Xia Hesheng , Wang Zhanhua
Published: October 2017

For the first time, electrospraying was employed to fabricate hollow polyurethane microspheres with controlled size and tunable surface morphology.
Antiviral and anti-inflammatory meroterpenoids: stachybonoids A–F from the crinoid-derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum 952
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Li Yongfang , Jia Chunxiu , Lang Jiajia , Niaz Shah-Iram , Li Jing , Yuan Jie , Yu Jianchen , Chen Senhua , Liu Lan
Published: October 2017

Six new meroterpenoids, which have been named as stachybonoids A–F (1–3 and 5–7), and three known phenylspirodrimanes (4, 8 and 9) were isolated from the crinoid-derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum 952.
Synergistic catalytic effects of visible light and graphene on bioleaching of chalcopyrite
Authors: Yang Baojun , Gan Min , Luo Wen , Zhou Shuang , Lei Pan , Zeng Jian , Sun Wei , Zhu Jianyu , Hu Yuehua
Published: October 2017

Graphene and visible light could significantly accelerate chalcopyrite dissolution byA. ferrooxidans. Furthermore, the enhancing effect of the synergy catalysis was much more significant than that when only using a single catalytic method.
Sinomenine inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and metastasis by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via targeting MCM2
Authors: Li Huimin , Lin Zhikun , Bai Yuxin , Chi Xinming , Fu Hailu , Sun Rui , Liu Meizi , Liu Xuan , Chen Liying , Shao Shujuan
Published: October 2017

Sinomenine (SIN), an isoquinoline isolated from the Chinese medicinal plantSinomenium acutum, is well known for its curative effect on rheumatic and arthritic diseases.
The controllable fabrication of a novel hierarchical nanosheet-assembled Bi2MoO6 hollow micronbox with ultra-high surface area for excellent solar to chemical energy conversion
Authors: Shi Chunjing , Dong Xiaoli , Hao Yuchen , Wang Xiuying , Ma Hongchao , Zhang Xiufang
Published: October 2017

In this study, we demonstrated that a novel controllable nano-sheet assembled Bi2MoO6 micronbox had higher activity for nitrogen fixation and dye degradation.
Microstructure and electric properties of BCZT thin films with seed layers
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Dan , Sun Mingze , Zheng Ningjing , Jia Shengwei , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Dongxu , Li Wei
Published: October 2017

Lead free Ba0.99Ca0.01Ti0.98Zr0.02O3(BCZT) thin films with seed layers were prepared by using sol–gel processing technique.
Renewable metal–organic-frameworks-coated 3D printing film for removal of malachite green
Authors: Shi Zhennan , Xu Chen , Chen Fei , Wang Yingxi , Li Ling , Meng Qingtao , Zhang Run
Published: October 2017

A renewable metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs)-polylactic acid (PLA) film was designed and prepared in order to remove malachite green (MG) in waste water.
Photo-induced ring-closure via a looped flow reactor
Authors: Baeten Evelien , Rubens Maarten , Wuest Kilian N. R. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja
Published: October 2017

Looped flow processes are an efficient and versatile tool to synthesize cyclic macromolecular materials.
De novovesicle formation and growth: an integrative approach to artificial cells
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Brea Roberto J. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: October 2017

The assembly of synthetic membranes provides a powerful tool to reconstruct the structure and function of living cells.
Nickel-catalyzed difunctionalization of allyl moieties using organoboronic acids and halides with divergent regioselectivities
Authors: Li Wanfang , Boon Jie Kang , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2017

We present herein a nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes using readily available organoboronic acids and organic halides in a three-component fashion.
Overcoming double-step CO2 adsorption and minimizing water co-adsorption in bulky diamine-appended variants of Mg2(dobpdc)
Authors: Milner Phillip J. , Martell Jeffrey D. , Siegelman Rebecca L. , Gygi David , Weston Simon C. , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2017

Judicious choice of framework structure allows for single CO2 adsorption steps with bulky primary,secondary diamines appended to metal–organic frameworks.
Mechanical mismatch between Ras transformed and untransformed epithelial cells
Authors: Gullekson Corinne , Cojoc Gheorghe , Schürmann Mirjam , Guck Jochen , Pelling Andrew
Published: October 2017

Biomechanical properties of Ras transformed and untransformed cells were examined in three attachment states (in monolayer, partially attached and suspended).
Evolving molecular architectures of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications: from one-dimensional to branched to two-dimensional structures
Authors: Su Yu-Wei , Lin Yu-Che , Wei Kung-Hwa
Published: October 2017

We discuss the packing characteristics and photovoltaic device performance of the donor–acceptor conjugated polymers with 1-D, branched and 2-D molecular architectures.
CO2 derived hydrogen bonding spacer: enhanced toughness, transparency, elongation and non-covalent interactions in epoxy-hydroxyurethane networks
Authors: Anitha S. , Vijayalakshmi K. P. , Unnikrishnan G. , Kumar K. S. Santhosh
Published: October 2017

A CO2-derived cyclic carbonate functional molecule functions as a reactive-cum-H-bonding spacer unit to induce toughness and elongation in a pristine epoxy network.
Tailoring the chemistry of blend copolymers boosting the electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Attia Elhadi N. , Hassan Fathy M. , Li Matthew , Batmaz Rasim , Elkamel Ali , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2017

Tailoring the chemistry of mixed polymers leading to excellent battery performance. A novel avenue with surface chemistry control of materials.
Modulation of interfacial charge transfer by self-assembly of single-layer graphene enwrapped one-dimensional semiconductors toward photoredox catalysis
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: October 2017

A progressive layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy has been developed to construct a graphene-wrapped and WO3nanorods-coupled TiO2nanobelts photocatalyst, in which a highly efficient cascade electron transfer pathway was judiciously built.
Catechol derivatives as dopants in PEDOT:PSS to improve the performance of p–i–n perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Peng , Liu Yanfeng , Zhang Kaicheng , Yuan Ligang , Li Dahua , Hou Guangliang , Dong Bin , Zhou Yi , Song Bo , Li Yongfang
Published: October 2017

p–i–n perovskite solar cells using catechol derivative doped-PEDOT:PSS exhibit improved performance.
Direct ratiometric detection of nitric oxide with Cu(ii)-based fluorescent probes
Authors: Loas A. , Lippard S. J.
Published: October 2017

We report the first Cu(ii)-based ratiometric sensors for direct, rapid, and selective fluorescent detection of nitric oxide.
Simulation study of environmentally friendly quantum-dot-based photovoltaic windows
Authors: Lesyuk Rostyslav , Lesnyak Vladimir , Herguth Axel , Popovych Dmytro , Bobitski Yaroslav , Klinke Christian , Gaponik Nikolai
Published: October 2017

The optimal performance of CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystal-based photovoltaic windows was modelled using a Monte Carlo ray tracing method.
Magnetic light and forbidden photochemistry: the case of singlet oxygen
Authors: Manjavacas Alejandro , Fenollosa Roberto , Rodriguez Isabelle , Jiménez M. Consuelo , Miranda Miguel A. , Meseguer Francisco
Published: October 2017

Here we report on the magnetic response of metallic nanostructures and their use for the spectroscopy of molecular oxygen, a paradigmatic example of dipole forbidden photochemistry.
Thermal behaviour of dicarboxylic ester bithiophene polymers exhibiting a high open-circuit voltage
Authors: Heuvel Ruurd , Colberts Fallon J. M. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: October 2017

Polythiophene derivatives with ester side chains enable high open-circuit voltages in polymer–fullerene solar cells. The side chains affect the solubility, thermal properties, tendency to aggregate, and photovoltaic performance by modulating the morphology of the blends.
Diminished stress resistance and defective adaptive homeostasis in age-related diseases
Authors: Lomeli Naomi , Bota Daniela A. , Davies Kelvin J.A.
Published: October 2017

Adaptive homeostasis is defined as the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range following exposure to subtoxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events (Mol. Aspects Med. (2016) 49, 1–7). Adaptive homeostasis allows us to transiently adapt (and then de-adapt) to fluctuating levels of internal and external stressors. The ability to cope with transient changes in internal and external environmental stress, however, diminishes with age. Declining adaptive homeostasis may make older people more susceptible to many diseases. Chronic oxidative stress and defective protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two major factors associated with the etiology of age-related disorders. In the present paper, we review the contribution of impaired responses to oxidative stress and defective adaptive homeostasis in the development of age-associated diseases.
Promoting Hearing Health Collaboration Through an Interprofessional Education Experience
Authors: James Jerald , Chappell Rachel , Mercante Donald E. , Gunaldo Tina Patel
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To enhance audiology and physician assistant (PA) student appreciation for collaboration/team-based care through an interprofessional educational activity focused on hearing assessments.

Method

A total of 18 students from Louisiana State University Health–New Orleans's audiology and PA programs participated in an optional interprofessional education learning opportunity, which included a demonstration of hearing assessments. To assess student perspectives regarding interprofessional learning, the students completed pre- and post-surveys.

Results

Eighteen students completed a survey, including 5 questions using a Likert scale and 1 open-ended question. Both audiology and PA students demonstrated significant statistical improvement in 2 interprofessional competencies: roles/responsibilities and interprofessional communication. Students also reported increased awareness and knowledge in the skills of the opposite professions as related to hearing assessments.

Conclusion

Integrating interprofessional education experiences within an audiology program promotes collaborative practice patterns and supports new educational accreditation standards.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5491669
Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Nittrouer Susan , Caldwell-Tarr Amanda , Low Keri E. , Lowenstein Joanna H.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined.

Participants

Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier.

Method

A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition.

Results

Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed.

Conclusions

The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code.
Acoustics of Clear and Noise-Adapted Speech in Children, Young, and Older Adults
Authors: Smiljanic Rajka , Gilbert Rachael C.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This study investigated acoustic–phonetic modifications produced in noise-adapted speech (NAS) and clear speech (CS) by children, young adults, and older adults.

Method

Ten children (11–13 years of age), 10 young adults (18–29 years of age), and 10 older adults (60–84 years of age) read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style in quiet and in noise. A number of acoustic measurements were obtained.

Results

NAS and CS were characterized by a decrease in speaking rate and an increase in 1–3 kHz energy, sound pressure level (SPL), vowel space area (VSA), and harmonics-to-noise ratio. NAS increased fundamental frequency (F0) mean and decreased jitter and shimmer. CS increased frequency and duration of pauses. Older adults produced the slowest speaking rate, longest pauses, and smallest increase in F0 mean, 1–3 kHz energy, and SPL when speaking clearly. They produced the smallest increases in VSA in NAS and CS. Children slowed down less, increased the VSA least, increased harmonics-to-noise ratio, and decreased jitter and shimmer most in CS. Children increased mean F0 and F1 most in noise.

Conclusions

Findings have implications for a model of speech production in healthy speakers as well as the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.
Balanced hybrid SIW–CPW bandpass filter
Authors: Chu Peng , Hong Wei , Zheng Kai‐Lai , Yang Wen‐Wen , Xu Feng , Wu Ke
Published: October 2017

This Letter proposes a balanced hybrid substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW)–coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandpass filter, which combines a hybrid SIW–CPW filter and a balanced structure for the first time. High performance common mode suppression can be achieved with high quality factor, compact size, and quasi‐elliptic differential mode response.
Wide stopband out‐of‐phase filtering power divider using double‐sided parallel‐strip line
Authors: Lu Yun‐Long , Wang Yi , Hua Changzhou , Liu Taijun
Published: October 2017

This Letter presents a novel out‐of‐phase filtering power divider (FPD) with a very wide stopband by using double‐sided parallel‐strip line (DSPSL) and through ground via (TGV). The DSPSL structure facilitates the out‐of‐phase outputs of the FPD. The TGV and two complex‐impedance terminations connected to the common input port are employed to achieve the isolation. By choosing proper feeding coupling region and the loading resistors at the centre of the resonators, the second, third and fourth harmonics are suppressed. For verification, a prototype FPD operating at 1.85 GHz (f0) with 5.2% bandwidth is designed, fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the isolation between the output ports is better than 24 dB across the passband, and the 28 dB rejection band is extended to 4.6f0.
Cardiorespiratory system monitoring using a developed acoustic sensor
Authors: Abbasi‐Kesbi Reza , Valipour Atefeh , Imani Khadije
Published: October 2017

This Letter proposes a wireless acoustic sensor for monitoring heartbeat and respiration rate based on phonocardiogram (PCG). The developed sensor comprises a processor, a transceiver which operates at industrial, scientific and medical band and the frequency of 2.54 GHz as well as two capacitor microphones which one for recording the heartbeat and another one for respiration rate. To evaluate the precision of the presented sensor in estimating heartbeat and respiration rate, the sensor is tested on the different volunteers and the obtained results are compared with a gold standard as a reference. The results reveal that root‐mean‐square error are determined <2.27 beats/min and 0.92 breaths/min for the heartbeat and respiration rate in turn. While the standard deviation of the error is obtained <1.26 and 0.63 for heartbeat and respiration rate, respectively. Also, the sensor estimate sounds of to obtained PCG signal with sensitivity and specificity 98.1% and 98.3% in turn that make 3% improvement than previous works. The results prove that the sensor can be appropriate candidate for recognising abnormal condition in the cardiorespiratory system.
Preventive Health for Transgender Men and Women
Authors: Graf Elizabeth , McCune Kaitlyn , Imborek Katherine
Published: October 2017

Transgender men and women experience an incongruity between their assigned sex at birth and their identified gender. Gender dysphoria is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) as clinically significant distress or impairment resulting from misalignment in assigned and experienced gender. Transgender people have a history of negative experiences in health care and efforts should be made to create a welcoming environment through staff training, gender neutral restrooms, and gender inclusive electronic medical record systems. Transgender men and women face unique preventive health concerns in areas of metabolic screening, cancer screening, immunizations, and anticipatory guidance secondary to cross-sex hormone therapy, gender confirming surgical procedures, and certain high-risk behaviors. Here, the available data are reviewed and suggested best practices are outlined to optimize the preventive health for this patient population.
Co-IVF for Same-Sex Female Couples
Authors: Getrajdman Chloe , Lee Joseph , Copperman Alan
Published: October 2017

The utilization of assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly by same-sex female couples (SSFCs), has increased over the past few decades. Alongside the increase in use by lesbian women, there has also been an increase in the number of available treatment options. The process by which SSFCs make the various decisions associated with conceiving and parenting, however, has been largely overlooked. This review provides an overview of the reproductive treatments available to lesbian women and specifically highlights the “biological” and “social” obstacles they must overcome on their journey to parenthood. This review also describes how a relatively novel treatment strategy, co-in vitro fertilization, can give couples greater flexibility and provide them with the unique opportunity of a shared biological motherhood.
Family Building by Same-Sex Male Couples via Gestational Surrogacy
Authors: Kim Helen
Published: October 2017

Best estimates suggest that the number of households with same-sex male couples is increasing. One option for family building by same-sex male couples is gestational surrogacy. Embryos would be generated in vitro, using the biologic father's sperm with donor oocytes, and another woman (the gestational carrier) would undergo an embryo transfer to bear a child. Conceiving via gestational surrogacy requires advance planning, not only to coordinate the oocyte donor and gestational carrier but also to comply with regulations set forth by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) has also published recommendations for practices using gestational carriers, which, in many cases, are more stringent than the FDA regulations. This article will review the FDA regulations and ASRM recommendations and their implications for same-sex male couples who plan to conceive via gestational surrogacy.
Feasibility of esophageal stent fixation with an over-the-scope-clip for malignant esophageal strictures to prevent migration
Authors: Watanabe Ko , Hikichi Takuto , Nakamura Jun , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Waragai Yuichi , Kikuchi Hitomi , Konno Naoki , Asama Hiroyuki , Takasumi Mika , Sato Yuki , Obara Katsutoshi , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims Fixation of an esophageal self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) with an over-the-scope-clip (OTSC) system for a benign stricture to prevent migration has been reported. However, the efficacy of SEMS fixation with an OTSC for malignant esophageal stricture remains unclear. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of SEMS fixation with an OTSC for a malignant esophageal stricture.

Patients and methods Twelve patients who underwent esophageal SEMS placement and fixation with an OTSC for a malignant esophageal stricture were included in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was technical success. The secondary endpoint was clinical success, which was defined as an improvement of at least 1 grade in the dysphagia score 1 week after SEMS placement or changes in the dysphagia score from before SEMS placement to 1 week after SEMS placement.

Results The technical success rate was 100 %. The clinical success rate was 92.3 %. In 6 mild stricture cases in which a standard peroral endoscope could be used, no migration of the SEMS was observed. The median dysphagia score before and at 1 week after SEMS placement was 3 (range 2 – 4) and 0 (0 – 4), respectively, which indicated improvement at 1 week after SEMS placement compared with before SEMS placement (P = 0.002). There were no adverse events associated with placement of SEMS and deployment of an OTSC.

Conclusions SEMS fixation with an OTSC is feasible for prevention of migration due to a malignant esophageal stricture.
Multicenter retrospective and comparative study of 5-minute versus 15-second endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for removal of bile duct stones
Authors: Hakuta Ryunosuke , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Kogure Hirofumi , Mizuno Suguru , Naminatsu Takahara , Yagioka Hiroshi , Togawa Osamu , Matsubara Saburo , Ito Yukiko , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Tsujino Takeshi , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is a method of bile duct stone removal that has a better long-term outcome but a high risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Recent studies have suggested that 5-minute EPBD can reduce the incidence of PEP. This study aimed to examine the safety and effectiveness of longer duration EPBD compared with shorter duration EPBD (5 minutes vs. 15 seconds after disappearance of the waist of a dilation catheter).

Patients and methods Patients without a history of endoscopic sphincterotomy or EPBD who underwent EPBD to remove bile duct stones were selected retrospectively from five centers. The incidence of PEP, other early adverse events, and outcomes of EPBD were compared between the groups. A multivariable analysis of risk factors for PEP was performed.

Results A total of 607 patients (157 and 450 in the 5-minute and 15-second EPBD groups, respectively) were included. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the incidence of PEP (8.3 % and 8.9 % in the 5-minute and 15-second EPBD groups, respectively; P = 0.871) and the incidence of overall early adverse events (P = 0.999). Although 5-minute EPBD elongated the procedure time (45 vs. 37 minutes, P < 0.001), it increased the rate of complete stone removal during a single session (P < 0.001) and decreased the use of lithotripsy (P < 0.001).

Conclusions Compared with 15-second EPBD, 5-minute EPBD did not reduce the incidence of PEP.
Theoretical electronic structure of the cadmium monohalide molecules CdX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Badreddine Khalil , Korek Mahmoud
Published: October 2017

The potential energy and dipole moment curves for the lowest electronic states in the representation 2s+1Λ(±) of CdX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules are investigated via complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multi-reference configuration interaction MRCI (single and double excitation with Davidson correction). For the bound states of CdX diatomic molecules the bond distances Re, the vibrational harmonic frequencies ωe, the rotational constants Be, the electronic energies relative to the ground state Te, and the permanent and transition dipole moments have been computed. The dissociation energy limits of the atomic levels of CdX compounds are also calculated. The transition dipole moment between the ground state X2Σ+ and (2)2Σ+ is investigated. Consequently, the transition dipole moment values of the upper state at its equilibrium position μ21, the emission angular frequency ω21, the Einstein coefficients of spontaneous and induced emissions (A21 and B21ω), the spontaneous radiative lifetime τspon, the emission cross section σ0, the line strength and the emission oscillator strength f21 are calculated along with the ionicity of the X2Σ+ and (2)2Σ+ states. The eigenvalues Ev, the rotational constants Bv, the centrifugal distortion constants Dv and the abscissas of the turning points Rmin and Rmax of X2Σ+ states of the CdX diatomics are computed. The comparison of the results with those available in literature shows a very good agreement.
Structural properties of two inequivalent Cs(1) and Cs(2) sites in perovskite tricaesium pentahalogencobaltate, Cs3CoX5 (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Park Sung Soo , Chang Jin-Hae
Published: October 2017

The local structures of Cs3CoX5 (X = Cl, Br) were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments. The two inequivalent Cs(1) and Cs(2) sites in two compounds were clearly distinguished based on static NMR and MAS NMR spectra. We found that the structural geometry for Cs(2) changed more abruptly than that for Cs(1) with increasing temperature. The Cs(1) ions surrounded by 10X− ions exhibited long relaxation times, whereas the Cs(2) ions surrounded by 8X− ions exhibited short relaxation times. This is consistent with the bond lengths of Cs(1)-X and Cs(2)-X. The halogen species in Cs3CoX5 enabled an examination of the effect of Cl and Br ions, which was found to influence the quadrupole parameter but not the relaxation time.
Strain effect in epitaxial VO2 thin films grown on sapphire substrates using SnO2 buffer layers
Authors: Kim Heungsoo , Bingham Nicholas S. , Charipar Nicholas A. , Piqué Alberto
Published: October 2017

Epitaxial VO2/SnO2 thin film heterostructures were deposited on m-cut sapphire substrates via pulsed laser deposition. By adjusting SnO2 (150 nm) growth conditions, we are able to control the interfacial strain between the VO2 film and SnO2 buffer layer such that the semiconductor-to-metal transition temperature (TC) of VO2 films can be tuned without diminishing the magnitude of the transition. It is shown that in-plane tensile strain and out-of-plane compressive strain of the VO2 film leads to a decrease of Tc. Interestingly, VO2 films on SnO2 buffer layers exhibit a structural phase transition from tetragonal-like VO2 to tetragonal-VO2 during the semiconductor-to-metal transition. These results suggest that the strain generated by SnO2 buffer provides an effective way for tuning the TC of VO2 films.
Biologically inspired rate control of chaos
Authors: olde Scheper Tjeerd V.
Published: October 2017

The overall intention of chaotic control is to eliminate chaos and to force the system to become stable in the classical sense. In this paper, I demonstrate a more subtle method that does not eliminate all traces of chaotic behaviour; yet it consistently, and reliably, can provide control as intended. The Rate Control of Chaos (RCC) method is derived from metabolic control processes and has several remarkable properties. RCC can control complex systems continuously, and unsupervised, it can also maintain control across bifurcations, and in the presence of significant systemic noise. Specifically, I show that RCC can control a typical set of chaotic models, including the 3 and 4 dimensional chaotic Lorenz systems, in all modes. Furthermore, it is capable of controlling spatiotemporal chaos without supervision and maintains control of the system across bifurcations. This property of RCC allows a dynamic system to operate in parameter spaces that are difficult to control otherwise. This may be particularly interesting for the control of forced systems or dynamic systems that are chaotically perturbed. These control properties of RCC are applicable to a range of dynamic systems, thereby appearing to have far-reaching effects beyond just controlling chaos. RCC may also point to the existence of a biochemical control function of an enzyme, to stabilise the dynamics of the reaction cascade.
Susceptibility of Representative Great Lakes Fish Species to the North Carolina Strain of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV)
Authors: Boonthai Traimat , Loch Thomas P. , Standish Isaac , Faisal Mohamed
Published: October 2017

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a notifiable pathogen of the World Organization of Animal Health. Since SVCV was isolated in Lake Ontario in 2007, concern has grown about its spread in the Great Lakes basin and its potential negative impacts on fish species of importance in stock enhancement programs basinwide. The susceptibility of representative fish species from the families Cyprinidae (Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, Spotfin Shiner Cyprinella spiloptera, and Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus), Centrarchidae (Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides), Percidae (Walleye Sander vitreus), Salmonidae (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss), and Esocidae (Muskellunge Esox masquinongy) to SVCV was evaluated by experimental infection under laboratory conditions. Morbidity and mortality were recorded, and virus re-isolation, seminested reverse transcription PCR, and histopathological assessments were performed. Using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, Fathead Minnows and Golden Shiners were highly susceptible to SVCV (40–70% mortality). All dead or moribund and apparently healthy surviving Fathead Minnows and Golden Shiners were SVCV positive. The SVCV was also detected in challenged but healthy Spotfin Shiners (30%) and Creek Chub (5%). However, noncyprinid species exhibited no morbidity or mortality and were free of SVCV following an observation period of 30 d. In a follow-up experimental challenge, Fathead Minnows and Golden Shiners were SVCV challenged at 103 and 105 PFU/mL by means of waterborne immersion. After immersion, Fathead Minnows and Golden Shiners exhibited characteristic SVCV disease signs, but mortality was less (30% and 10% mortality, respectively) than that in fish with i.p. injections. The SVCV was detected in all mortalities and a subset of healthy Fathead Minnows and Golden Shiners. Necrotic changes were observed in the kidneys, liver, spleen, ovaries, and heart, and other histopathological lesions also occurred. These findings suggest that two of the four cyprinids tested are susceptible to SVCV-induced disease and that all four can act as potential carriers of SVCV in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Received January 11, 2017; accepted July 17, 2017 Published online October 26, 2017
Effects of compressive strain on the evolution of interfacial strength of steel/nickel solid-state bonding at low temperature
Authors: Pongmorakot Kittipan , Nambu Shoichi , Koseki Toshihiko
Published: October 2017

Solid-state bonding between ultralow-carbon steel and pure nickel was conducted by hot pressing with various compressive strain ranging from 5 to 15% and subsequent isothermal holding at 923 K. It was found that the interfacial strength of contact area is accounted for by the evolution of the intrinsic strength of the interface and the amount of plastic energy dissipation at the crack tip during interface fracture. The compression induces severe deformation around the interface and consequently inhibits the plastic energy dissipation during interface fracture. In the first stage of isothermal holding, the residual strain around the interface on the steel side is reduced by recovery process, which concurrently decreases in the yield stress of the area adjacent to the interface. This promotes plastic energy dissipation of the area, leading to a significant increase in interfacial strength in the first stage.
A customised cold‐water immersion protocol favours one‐size‐fits‐all protocols in improving acute performance recovery
Authors: Zandvoort Coen S. , de Zwart Jelmer R. , van Keeken Brenda L. , Viroux Patrick J. F. , Tiemessen Ivo J. H.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a customised cold‐water immersion (CWIc) protocol was more effective in enhancing acute performance recovery than a one‐size‐fits‐all CWI (CWIs) or active recovery (AR) protocol. On three separate testing days, 10 healthy, physically active, non‐smoking males completed the same fatiguing protocol (60 squat jumps and a 2′30″ all‐out cycling time‐trial) followed by CWIc (12°C, 10–17 min), CWIs (15°C, 10 min) or AR (60 W, 10 min). Outcome measures to assess acute recovery were heart rate variability (HRV) as HRVrecovery, muscle power (MP) as absolute and relative decline, and muscle soreness (MS) at 0 and 24 h. HRVrecovery for CWIc was significantly higher compared to CWIs (p = .026, r = 0.74) and AR (p = .000, r = 0.95). The relative decline in MP after CWIc was significantly lower than after CWIs (p = .017, r = 0.73). MS 0 h and MS 24 h post‐intervention were not different after CWIc compared to CWIs and AR (p > .05). The findings of the present study demonstrated that CWIc outperforms CWIs and AR in the acute recovery of cardiovascular (HRV) and CWIs in neuromuscular (MP) performance with no differences in MS. To optimise the effects of CWI, contributions of the protocol duration and water temperature should be considered to guarantee an optimal customised dose.
Sleep, training load and performance in elite female gymnasts
Authors: Dumortier J. , Mariman A. , Boone J. , Delesie L. , Tobback E. , Vogelaers D. , Bourgois J. G.
Published: October 2017

Training load (TL) and recovery should be in optimal balance to obtain maximal performance gains. We aimed to study sleep as a recovery technique and its relationship with TL and performance in elite athletes. Twenty‐six elite female artistic gymnasts were divided into an under 13 (n = 6), an under 14 (n = 6), a junior (n = 7; 14–15y) and a senior (=World Championship (WC) competitors, n = 7; ≥16y) category. Sleep, through sleep logs, and training parameters, using the session Rate of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) scale, were monitored to calculate total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), TL, monotony and strain. Performance of WC competitors was evaluated through coach and WC qualification ranking. For the entire group, TST (effect sizes (ES) = −1.12, confidence intervals (CI) = −60:−47, P < .05) and SE (ES = −0.13, CI = −1.40:−0.10, P = .022) were shorter during week than weekend nights. TST and SE were highest in youngest gymnasts (P < .05). TL was lowest in under 13 and senior gymnasts (P < .05), while TL, monotony and strain were highest in junior gymnasts (P < .05). A negative regression was found between TST and TL the day after, while higher TL also led to lower TST the following night (P < .001). For the WC competitors, TST the night before the qualifications was shorter than the mean TST of the WC period (ES = −0.95, CI = −170:24, P = .030). TST correlated with coach ranking (r = −0.857, P = .014). Higher TL correlated with worse WC (r = 0.829, P = .042) and coach (r = 0.893, P = .007) ranking. This research in elite gymnasts indicated associations between decreased TST, augmented TL and inferior performance. Optimizing sleep and TL may therefore represent strategies to enhance performance.
Development and Field Application of a Model Predicting Effects of Episodic Hypoxia on Short-Term Growth of Spot
Authors: Campbell Lindsay A. , Rice James A.
Published: October 2017

In North Carolina and elsewhere, there is concern that excessive nutrient loading and resulting hypoxic conditions in coastal ecosystems are adversely affecting the native fauna, but quantifying the effects on fish can be difficult. Hypoxia may reduce fish growth via direct exposure or indirectly (e.g., cost of low-oxygen avoidance, reduced food availability, and density-dependent effects in oxygenated refuges). Given the fine spatial and temporal scale of oxygen dynamics in estuarine habitats, evaluating the impacts of hypoxia on fish growth requires short-term growth indicators that integrate the effects of rapidly changing environmental conditions. To address this need, we experimentally determined the sensitivity and response time of a suite of bioindicators of recent growth (RNA:DNA ratio and RNA concentration in muscle tissue; insulin-like growth factor-I messenger RNA expression in the liver; hepatosomatic index; and Fulton's condition factor K) to changes in the specific growth rate of juvenile Spot Leiostomus xanthurus. A model based on multiple bioindicators was better at estimating growth rate than models based on single indicators. We used this model to estimate recent growth rates of juvenile Spot collected from the Neuse River estuary and related them to recent dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Estimated growth rates of Spot collected after a week of good DO conditions were almost twice those of Spot collected after a week of poor DO conditions. Using these results and DO data from the Neuse River estuary in 2007–2010, we estimated that hypoxia dynamics reduced Spot growth over the summer by 6–18% in these years relative to growth under constant good DO conditions. This approach can be used to evaluate impacts of observed or modeled scenarios of water quality dynamics on growth of juvenile Spot and serves as a template for development of predictive growth models for other species.
Fine-tuning the orientation of the polarity axis by Rga1, a Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein
Authors: Miller Kristi E. , Lo Wing-Cheong , Lee Mid Eum , Kang Pil Jung , Park Hay-Oak
Published: October 2017

In yeast and animal cells, signaling pathways involving small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate cell polarization. In budding yeast, selection of a bud site directs polarity establishment and subsequently determines the plane of cell division. Rga1, a Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein, prevents budding within the division site by inhibiting Cdc42 repolarization. A protein complex including Nba1 and Nis1 is involved in preventing rebudding at old division sites, yet how these proteins and Rga1 might function in negative polarity signaling has been elusive. Here we show that Rga1 transiently localizes to the immediately preceding and older division sites by interacting with Nba1 and Nis1. The LIM domains of Rga1 are necessary for its interaction with Nba1, and loss of this interaction results in premature delocalization of Rga1 from the immediately preceding division site and, consequently, abnormal bud-site selection in daughter cells. However, such defects are minor in mother cells of these mutants, likely because the G1 phase is shorter and a new bud site is established prior to delocalization of Rga1. Indeed, our biphasic mathematical model of Cdc42 polarization predicts that premature delocalization of Rga1 leads to more frequent Cdc42 repolarization within the division site when the first temporal step in G1 is assumed to last longer. Spatial distribution of a Cdc42 GAP in coordination with G1 progression may thus be critical for fine-tuning the orientation of the polarity axis in yeast.
An exact test for comparing a fixed quantitative property between gene sets
Authors: Parks Matthew M
Published: October 2017

Motivation

A significant difference in the distribution of a feature between two gene sets can provide insight into function or regulation. This statistical setting differs from much of hypothesis testing theory because the genome is often considered to be effectively fixed, finite and entirely known in commonly studied organisms, such as human. The Mann–Whitney U test is commonly employed in this scenario despite the assumptions of the test not being met, leading to unreliable and generally underpowered results. Permutation tests are also commonly employed for this purpose, but are computationally burdensome and are not tractable for obtaining small P values or for multiple comparisons.

Results

We present an exact test for the null hypothesis that gene set membership is independent of the quantitative gene feature of interest. We derive an analytic expression for the randomization distribution of the median of the quantitative feature under the null hypothesis. Efficient implementation permits calculation of precise P values of arbitrary magnitude and makes thousands of simultaneous tests of transcriptome-sized gene sets computationally tractable. The flexibility of the hypothesis testing framework presented permits extension to a variety of related tests commonly found in genomics. The exact test is used to identify signatures of translation control and protein function in the human genome.

Availability and implementation

The exact test presented here is implemented in R in the package kpmt available on CRAN.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clinical Presentation of OCD
Authors: Penzel Fred
Published: October 2017

This chapter seeks to lay out the chief hallmarks and manifestations of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), especially for readers who do not already have direct experience with its phenomenology. As such it lays a foundation for a more detailed discussion of focused topics that follows later in this volume. Common obsessions and compulsions are described, as well as typical characteristics. This disorder causes great suffering. It was long thought to be uncommon, was not well defined, and was subject to much misdiagnosis. Research and clinical experience over the past 35 years have done much to clarify the diagnosis, and are reviewed here.
Exposure and Response Prevention in OCD
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S.
Published: October 2017

This chapter describes the therapeutic approach of exposure and response prevention (ERP) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ERP is one of the most successful interventions for any psychological problem. The derivation of this tandem of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral procedures from early animal research and research on humans with obsessional problems and compulsive behaviors transformed OCD from an intractable condition to a remarkably treatable one during the latter half of the 20th century. This chapter provides an overview of the development and delivery of this therapy and review the latest treatment-related research. It begins with a brief synopsis of how ERP was developed, followed by a description of the contemporary approaches to using this set of techniques. Evidence for its efficacy and effectiveness is presented, followed by a discussion of future directions.
The Pharmacological Treatment of Refractory OCD
Authors: Pittenger Christopher
Published: October 2017

Evidence-based interventions for OCD, both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological, are of benefit to many. However, even when optimally deployed, first- and second-line treatments leave a substantial fraction of patients—perhaps as many as 20% to 25%—without meaningful improvement. Furthermore, many who are classified as “responders” to first- and second-line treatments continue to have substantial residual symptoms and attendant morbidity. This chapter reviews various pharmacological strategies that have been used for the treatment of refractory OCD, including agents targeting serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission. Although the evidence base supporting the use of these agents is not as robust as it is for first-line interventions, many have shown promise in some studies. The prevalence of refractory OCD symptoms means that such pharmacological strategies must frequently be considered in clinical practice, despite the lack of definitive guidance from controlled studies.
Treatment of Pediatric OCD
Authors: Stewart S. Evelyn , Bleakley Clare
Published: October 2017

Appropriate OCD treatment has the potential to reverse negative impacts on the developmental trajectory of youth with this disease. First-line treatments for pediatric OCD have been well established, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI), and the combination thereof. However, a significant proportion of OCD-affected youth do not achieve response or remission following initial treatment, and access to OCD-focused CBT treatment is often limited. Knowledge of CBT and SRI response predictors, mechanisms of action, and augmentation strategies for pediatric OCD should be exploited to guide individual clinical decision making. Further investigation is required to identify specific management approaches in treatment-resistant cases and putative OCD subtypes. This chapter summarizes proven first-line pharmacological and psychological treatments, discusses potential augmentation strategies, and suggests practical management tips for use in pediatric OCD.
Nutraceutical and Alternative Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Camfield David A , Sarris Jerome
Published: October 2017

This chapter reviews current research regarding nutraceutical substances that have been systematically investigated through either case studies, open-label and/or randomized placebo-controlled trials and found to have some evidence of efficacy in the treatment of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (specifically, trichotillomania, compulsive nail biting, and excoriation). The substances to be considered are myo-inositol, St. John’s wort, milk thistle, borage, glycine, sarcosine, psilocybin, and N-acetylcysteine. A description of each substance is presented, together with relevant biochemistry and interpretation regarding the current evidence of efficacy and safety/tolerability as well as what can be determined about factors that may moderate its efficacy, including OCD symptom severity, and advice in regard to concomitant antidepressant use. Conclusions and recommendations for future research are also presented.