bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the nature of defects on the outer surface of heat-treated seamless pipes
Authors: Rozhkova O. V.
Published: December 2020

Compliance with the quenching technology ensures a high-quality product with the required properties. Violation of the modes of heating for quenching and cooling during quenching leads to the formation of defects such as soft spots and quenching cracks. The presence of soft spots in the metal is unacceptable due to structural stresses and the difference in mechanical properties between the base metal and the defective areas. To remove soft spots, repeated heat treatment is required. Quenching cracks occur due to internal stresses that exceed the resistance to destruction, due to non-simultaneous transformations and thermal expansion and compression. Products with quenching cracks are the final rejects.The article examines soft spots and thermal cracks on the outer surface of seamless pipes formed during heat treatment. The results of metallographic studies of the microstructure in the defect zone are presented, and the genetic and morphological features of defects are determined and studied. The structural heterogeneity was confirmed by Rockwell hardness measurements. Based on the data obtained, the causes of defects were determined.
Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Satisfaction with blended e-learning following the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Tayyib Nahla , Alsolami Fatmah , Lindsay Grace , Alshhmemri Mohammed , Asfour Hayam , Ramaiah Pushpamala , Alsulami Sanaa , Ali Hala
Published: December 2020

Background: Blended learning has recently been introduced as an addition to the existing teaching programme of nursing students at X University. The aim of this study is to assess student satisfaction with this change.Methods: A 35 item questionnaire was circulated to all male and female nursing students in their 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of study. The questionnaire was subdivided into the five domains of Interaction, Instruction, Instructor, Course Management and Technology.Results: Mean satisfaction scores for male and female nursing undergraduates was significantly greater than 3 (neutral score) in all domains of enquiry indicating good satisfaction with blended learning (p<0.001). Domain scores were also significantly greater than those of a comparator study in four of the five domains (p<0.030) and similar in the domain of Technology (p=0.677). Male and female levels of satisfaction were similar in 80% of the survey questions, but female satisfaction was significantly lower in some questions concerning technology (p<0.003), willingness to interrupt the instructor (p=0.021), comparison of blended learning and face-to-face teaching (p=0.002) and timely feedback on tests and assignments (p=0.031). Fourth year students showed highest levels of satisfaction across all five domains. Overall questionnaire reliability exceeded 90% and matched that of a comparable study elsewhere.Conclusion: Undergraduate nursing students reported high levels of satisfaction and demonstrated nascent technological skill, resilience and fortitude when presented with the immediate implementation of an unfamiliar e-learning blended curriculum environment.
23.5% efficient monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells based on an ultra-thin metal-like metal-oxide interconnect.
Authors: Brinkmann Kai , Becker Tim , Zimmermann Florian , Gahlmann Tobias , Theisen Manuel , Haeger Tobias , Olthof Selina , Kreusel Cedric , Günster Manuel , Maschwitz Timo , Göbelsmann Fabian , Koch Christine , Hertel Dirk , Caprioglio Piedro , Perdigon Lorena , Al-Ashouri Amran , Merten Lena , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Albrecht Steve , Meerholz Klaus , Neher Dieter , Stolterfoht Martin , Riedl Thomas
Published: December 2020

Multi-junction solar cells provide an avenue to overcome fundamental efficiency limits of single-junction devices. The facile bandgap tunability of metal-halide perovskite solar cells renders them attractive building blocks for multi-junction architectures. Combinations with crystalline silicon and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) cells have been reported. All-perovskite tandem cells have likewise shown promising results. Meanwhile, narrow-gap non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) have revived the area of organic solar cells (OSCs) and unlocked skyrocketing efficiencies. Organic and perovskite semiconductors share similar processing technologies, which renders them attractive partners in multi junction architectures. As of yet, perovskite/organic tandem cells show subpar efficiencies of 20 per cent, limited by the low open circuit voltage (Voc) of wide-gap perovskite cells and losses introduced by the interconnect between the sub-cells. Here, we demonstrate two-terminal p-i-n perovskite/organic tandem cells with an efficiency of 23.5 per cent and a high Voc of 2.15 volts, operating near the levels predicted by a semi-empirical model. The perovskite sub-cells with optimized charge extraction layers afford an unsurpassed combination of a high Voc and fill-factor. The organic back-cells provide a high external quantum efficiency in the near-infrared. In surprising contrast to paradigmatic concerns about limited photostability of non-fullerene cells, we evidence an outstanding operational stability if excitons are predominantly generated on the NFA, which is the case in a tandem cell, where the illumination is spectrally filtered by the perovskite cell. A novel interconnect based on an ultra-thin (1.5 nanometers) metal like indium oxide layer offers unprecedented low optical/electrical losses. This work sets a new milestone for perovskite/organic tandem devices, that outperform the best p-i-n perovskite single junctions and are at par with perovskite/CIGS and all-perovskite multi-junctions. Perovskite/organic tandem architectures bear a realistic potential to reach an efficiency above 31%.
A Diagnostic Model for Autoimmune Hepatitis Based on Noninvasive Clinical Data
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Hu Jianjun , Huang Lingying , Hu Huili , Xie Ying , Bai Mei , Zhao Shiju , Ge Sheng , Gao Yurqiu
Published: December 2020

Background: All of these diagnostic criteria of AIH (autoimmune hepatitis) include histopathology which is significant for the final diagnosis of AIH patients. Nevertheless, some patients failed to perform the examination in time because of fear of the trauma risk of liver biopsy. We aim to develop an AIH diagnostic model without liver biopsy in adult and validate its performance. Methods: We collected demographics, blood and liver histological data of ULI (unknown liver injury)patients in two independent adult cohorts. In the training cohort, we used logistic regression to develop a model and validated internally its performance by bootstraps methods. In the validation cohort, We operated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis and calibration plots to evaluate model externally. Results: We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of AIH using three risk factors, GGP (percentage of gamma globulin), FBG (fibrinogen) and AA (AIH-related autoantibodies). Area under curve (AUC) for the training and validation cohorts were 0.862 and 0.870 respectively. The calibration plots and decision curve analysis plot suggested that the model had an acceptable accuracy and a great clinical utility. Conclusions: The diagnostic model we operated can be well used to predict of AIH for ULI patients without liver biopsy especially for patients who are afraid of liver puncture.
False-positive Cuff Leak Test Due to Glossoptosis: A Case Report
Authors: Goto Shunsaku , Ishikawa Jun-ya , Idei Masafumi , Nomura Takeshi
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe cuff leak test (CLT) can sometimes be falsely positive. We report a case with a visually confirmed false-positive cuff leak test caused by upper airway obstruction due to glossoptosis. Case presentationA 62-year-old woman was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm and underwent high-flow bypass and trapping. Postoperatively, she was admitted to our intensive care unit under mechanical ventilation. On postoperative days 11 and 13, she had positive CLTs under sedation. We observed only mild to moderate edema around the vocal cords and tracheal tube cuff using a bronchoscope and muscle relaxant. Bronchoscopy showed glossoptosis; hence, a jaw-lift maneuver was performed and the CLT turned negative. The false-positive CLT was thought to be due to glossoptosis. She was extubated on postoperative day 15 without post-extubation stridor. She was discharged on postoperative day 41.ConclusionsUpper airway obstruction due to glossoptosis can cause false positive CLT. We should consider a jaw-thrust maneuver to avoid a false positive when performing CLT on a sedated patient.
WITHDRAWN: Sequential Procedure for Improving the Efficiency of CI Engine by Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ganesh Balaji , PV Srihari
Published: December 2020

This work provides a sequential approach to improve efficiency of Combustion Ignition engines which involves both performance and emissions by using Artificial Neural Network. In recent years continuous work is going on in improving the output and to reduce the emissions especially for Combustion Ignition engines which are mostly used for transportation purposes. In view of the above, the experimental data of a four stroke Combustion Ignition engine is taken as reference. However, the experimental data is split into three categories as input data, target data and output data in neural networks. All these data is trained using neural network toolbar in MATLAB with ten hidden layers by which error deviation are calculated, in order to reduce error deviation between neural network and experimental values, design of inlet manifolds is varied and performance parameters along with emissions is calculated and compared with neural network values. The results showed minimum error over the emission and performance parameters of CI engines from the manifold designs and ANN model. These results provide a sequential approach to improve efficiency of Combustion Ignition engines with the help of neural networks.
The Wheat 55K SNP-Based Exploration of Loci for Spikelet Number Per Spike From a Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L.) Recombinant Inbred Line Population Derived From a Chinese Landrace ‘ailanmai’ and a Wild Emmer Accession
Authors: Mo Ziqiang , Zhu Jing , Wei Jiatai , Zhou Jieguang , Xu Qiang , Tang Huaping , Mu Yang , Jiang Qiantao , Liu Yaxi , Chen Guoyue , Wang Jirui , Qi Pengfei , Pu Zhien , Chen Guangdeng , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Lan Xiujin , Ma Jian
Published: December 2020

Background: Increasing wheat yield is an urgent task to solve the global food shortage. Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is a key factor in determining kernel number per spike which has a great effect on wheat grain yield. However, modern wheat breeding narrows genetic diversity among cultivars leading to a detrimental effect on future wheat improvement. It is thus of great significance to explore new genetic resources for SNS to increase wheat yield.Results: A tetraploid landrace ‘Ailanmai’ × wild emmer wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to construct a high-density genetic map using the wheat 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The results showed that 94.83% (6204) of the mapped markers had consistent genetic and physical chromosomal locations. Subsequently, fourteen quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNS explaining 4.23-27.26% of the phenotypic variation were identified. QSns.sau-AM-2B.3 and QSns.sau-AM-3B.2 were considered as major and novel QTL and their combination had the largest effect and increased SNS by 17.47%. In the physical intervals of QSns.sau-AM-2B.3 and QSns.sau-AM-3B.2, some development-related genes were predicted to participate in the spikelet growth and affect SNS. Additionally, significant correlations between SNS and other agronomic traits like significant and positive correlation between SNS and thousand kernel weight were detected and analyzed. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of wheat 55K SNP array in genetic mapping of tetraploid wheat and provided an example of exploring outstanding genetic resources from wheat related species for further utilization in common wheat improvement.
OLFML2A Downregulation Inhibits Glioma Proliferation through Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
Authors: Ma Shize , Duan Lei , Dong Huateng , Ma Xiaodong , Guo Xinyu , Liu Jianli , Li Guoqiang , Yu Yue , Xu Yanlong , Yuan Guoqiang , Zhao Xingkun , Tian Guopeng , Zhai Shijia , Pan Yawen , Zhang Yinian
Published: December 2020

Background: Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and lethal tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Through analysis of TCGA data, we found that OLFML2A was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and positively correlated with glioma grade and worse prognosis. However, the molecular function of OLFML2A and its underlying mechanism in glioma remain unclear.Methods: The expression of OLFML2A in glioma was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Celigo assay, MTT assay and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the effects of OLFML2A on glioma proliferation and apoptosis. Gene chip microarray analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis were used to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of OLFML2A, which were further assessed by q-PCR, western blotting and IHC. An animal transplanting glioma model and spectral computed tomography scan were used to verify OLFML2A expression in vivo.Results: In this study, we found that the expression of OLFML2A was significantly upregulated in glioma specimens and positively correlated with pathological grades in glioma patients. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of TCGA data revealed that glioma patients with higher expression of OLFML2A had shorter overall survival. Importantly, when we knocked down the expression of OLFML2A in glioma cells, cell proliferation was inhibited, and apoptosis was promoted. Mechanistically, downregulation of OLFML2A inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly reducing the level of stabilized β-catenin and upregulating the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to indirectly suppress β-catenin, leading to repression of MYC, CD44 and CSKN2A2 expression. Furthermore, we found that OLFML2A downregulation clearly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous glioma and intracranial transplantation of glioma by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway-dependent cell proliferation.Conclusion: Our data indicate the oncogenic effect of OLFML2A in glioma through regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
Proteomic Analysis of Rhesus Macaque Brain Explants Infected With Borrelia Burgdorferi Identifies Host GAP-43 As A Potential Factor Associated With Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Li Lianbao , Luo Lisha , Chen Taigui , Cao Wenjing , Xu Xin , Zhang Yu , Yue Peng , Fan Yuxin , Chen Jingjing , Liu Meixiao , Ma Mingbiao , Tao Lvyan , Peng Yun , Dong Yan , Li Bingxue , Luo Suyi , Kong Jing , Zhou Guozhong , Wen Shiyuan , Liu Aihua , Bao Fukai
Published: December 2020

Background: Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is one of the most dangerous manifestations of Lyme disease, but the pathogenesis and inflammatory mechanisms are not fully understood.Methods: Cultured explants from the frontal cortex of rhesus monkey brain (n=3) were treated with live Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Total protein was collected for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Changes in protein expression in the explants over time following Bb infection were screened.Results: We identified 1237 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.67, P-value ≤0.05). One of these, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), was highly expressed at all time points in the explants. The results of the protein-protein interaction network analysis of DEPs suggested that GAP-43 plays a role in the neuroinflammation associated with LNB. In HMC3 cells incubated with live Bb or PBS for 6, 12, and 24 h, real-time PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the upregulation of GAP-43 mRNA and protein, respectively.Conclusions: Elevated GAP-43 expression is a potential marker for LNB that may be useful for diagnosis or treatment.
ANTXR1 Facilitates Tumor Growth in Glioma via Deactivating MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liang Aijun , Zhou Chaoyang , Zhang Jianzhong , Leng Jingxing , Xi Bin , Zhou Bin , Yang Yu , Zhu Ronglan , Zhong Liangchen , Jiang Xingxing , Wan Dengfeng
Published: December 2020

Background: Gliomas are commonly known as primary brain tumors and associated with frequent recurrence and an unsatisfactory prognosis in despite of extensive research in the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of ANTXR1 in glioma tumorigenesis and explore its downstream regulatory mechanism. Methods: We detected overexpression of ANTXR1 in glioma cell lines (SHG-44 and U251) in comparison with those in normal brain tissues.Result: Glioma cell growth and migratory ability were dramatically impaired as a result of silencing ANTXR1 by shANTXR1 lentivirus. ANTXR1 blockade also accelerated cell apoptosis since ANTXR1 held back apoptosis via targeting G2 phrase during cell mitosis. In vivo xenograft models verified in vitro findings above that the solid tumors stripped from mice were much lighter and smaller after depletion of ANTXR1 than controls. We also mechanically probed the downstream pathways and disclosed that overexpression of ANTXR1 abrogated the levels of MAKP9 and apoptisis-related protein HTRA2, but augmenting CCND1 and CDK6 levels in glioma cells. Our findings allow us to demonstrate that ANTXR1 acts as a tumor promoter in glioma induction through attenuating MAPK9-mediated gene transcription and HTRA2-induced apoptisis but intensifying CCND1-mediated proliferation. Conclusion: Together, we declare that ANTXR1 plays an indispensable role in glioma tumorigenesis via deactivating MAPK signaling and apoptosis pathway but activating PI3K/AKT-mediated cell growth. Our study provide a valuable clue to targeting ANTXR1 as a molecular target and a promising anticancer agent in glioma clinical therapeutics.
The Prediction of Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) Parameters for Outcomes of Intrauterine Insemination
Authors: Gao Jiangman , Yan Liying , Huang Ying , Jiang Hui , Wang Yuanyuan , Qiao Jie
Published: December 2020

Background: Many studies have assessed the association between sperm DNA fragmentation and outcomes of ART. But the published papers have not offered enough evidence about whether sperm DNA fragmentation tests could make suggestions to predict intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS), could be used as predictors for treatment outcomes in IUI program.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large reproductive medicine center. 1139 IUI cycles from 1139 couples were studied. The association of SCSA parameters with the clinical pregnancy and early pregnancy loss after IUI were analyzed. Results: Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in DFI<15%, 15%≤DFI<30%, and DFI≥30% groups were 11.1%, 7.3%, and 8.9%, respectively, with no statistical differences between the groups (P=0.127). Pregnancy loss rate were 24.3%, 27.6%, and 14.3%, respectively, with no statistical differences (P=0.762). Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in HDS≤15% and HDS>15% groups were 9.8% and 7.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.468), and the pregnancy loss rate were 26.2% and 0, respectively, and also no statistical difference (P=0.191). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a higher rate of clinical pregnancy in couples with a younger female (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97, P=0.007), and in couples with a male who had higher sperm concentration after washing (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, P=0.035). A higher risk of pregnancy loss was observed with increased female age (OR= 1.43, 95% CI:1.09-1.89, P=0.010) and lower sperm concentration after washing (OR= 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, P= 0.029). Conclusions: Sperm DFI and HDS were not significantly correlated with clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss in cycles of IUI. Female age and motile sperm concentration had statistically significant effects on both clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss after IUI treatment.
Investigation of The Effects of Biodiesel Produced from Crambe Abyssinica Plant Using KOH and NaOH Catalyst on Combustion, Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Uyaroğlu Ayhan , KOCAKULAK Tolga , Aydoğan Bilal
Published: December 2020

In this study, biodiesel fuel produced from crambe abyssinica plant using KOH and NaOH catalysts was mixed with standard diesel fuel and the effects on engine performance, combustion and emission were experimentally investigated. During the experiment, in-cylinder pressure data were specified for each test fuel and engine load. In addition, measurements of HC, NOx, CO and smoke emissions were carried out. With the obtained experimental data, parameters such as heat release rate, combustion stages, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure (imep), ignition delay, ringing intensity and specific fuel consumptions were calculated and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. It was concluded that the highest thermal efficiency values were achieved with CAKB25 mixed fuel under all engine load conditions. It has been determined that using crambe abyssinica KOH catalyst (CAK) and crambe abyssinica NaOH catalyst (CAN) biodiesel fuel mixtures on diesel engine instead of standard diesel fuel improves CO, HC, and smoke emissions but increases NOx values slightly.
Tumor Immunity is Related to 18F-FDG Uptake in Thymic Epithelial Tumor
Authors: Imai Hisao , Kaira Kyoichi , Hashimoto Kosuke , Nitanda Hiroyuki , Taguchi Ryo , Yanagihara Akitoshi , Umesaki Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Ou , Mouri Atsuto , Kawasaki Tomonori , Yasuda Masanori , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Kuji Ichiei , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Background2-Deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is a convenient modality to assess metabolic activity within tumor cells. However, there is no consensus regarding the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and the immune environment in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). We conducted a clinicopathological study to elucidate the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) expression in patients with TETs. MethodsA total of 108 patients with histologically confirmed TETs classified as thymomas or thymic carcinomas who underwent surgical resection or biopsy or needle biopsy and 18F-FDG PET before any treatment between August 2007 and March 2020 were enrolled in this study. Tumor specimens underwent immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1, PD-L2, GLUT1, HIF-1α, VEGFR2, VEGF-C and β2 adrenergic receptor. ResultsHigh uptakes of SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG were identified in 28 (25.9%), 61 (56.5%), 55 (50.9%) and 55 (50.9%) of 108 patients, respectively. High uptake of SUVmax significantly correlated with PS of 1-2, thymic carcinoma and advanced stage, and SUVmax on 18F-FDG uptake displayed a close association with PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, but not MTV and TLG. Multivariate analysis revealed that SUVmax was identified as an independent predictor for positive PD-L1 /PD-L2 expression. GLUT1 was clarified as a significant marker for the expression of PD-L1/PD-L2 from the biological viewpoint. Conclusion18F-FDG accumulation was closely associated with the expression of PD-L1/PD-L2, which, in turn, was correlated with glucose metabolism and hypoxia. PD-L1/PD-L2 could affect glucose metabolism and hypoxia in thymic tumor cells.
Comparative Analysis of the Health Status of the Population in Six Health Zones in South Kivu: a Cross-sectional Population Study Using the WHODAS
Authors: Lwamushi Samuel Makali , Malembaka Espoir Bwenge , Lambert Anne-Sophie , Bimana Hermès Karemere , Eboma Christian Molima , Mwembo Albert Tambwe , Ssali Steven Barnes , Balaluka Ghislain Bisimwa , Donnen Phillippe , Macq Jean
Published: December 2020

Background: The eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced decades-long armed conflicts which might have had a negative impact on population’s health. Most studies have used reductionist health measures such as morbidity and mortality rather than person-centered approaches for measuring the health status of the population. The aim of this study was to assess the health status of the population and its predictors in conflict settings of South Kivu province, using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). Methods: Between May and June 2019, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey among 1,440 adults in six health zones (HZ), classified according to their level of armed conflict intensity and chronicity in four types (accessible and stable, remote and stable, intermediate and unstable). The data were collected by a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and the WHODAS 2.0 tool with 12 items. The main variable of the study was the WHODAS summary score measuring individual’s health status and synthesize in six domains of disability (household, cognitive, mobility, self-care, social and society). Univariate analysis, correlation and comparison tests as well as hierarchical multiple linear regression were performed.Results: The median WHODAS score in the accessible and stable (AS), remote and stable (RS), intermediate (I) and unstable (U) HZ was 6.3 (0-28.6); 25 (6.3-41.7); 22.9 (12.5-33.3) and 39.6 (22.9-54.2), respectively. Four of the six WHODAS domain scores (household, cognitive, mobility and society) were the most altered in the UHZs. The RSHZ and IHZ had statistically comparable global WHODAS scores. The stable HZs (accessible and remote) had statistically lower scores than the UHZ on all items. In regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with an overall poor health status (or higher whodas score) were advanced age, being woman, being membership of an association; being divorced, separated or widower and living in an unstable HZ.Conclusions: Armed conflicts have a significantly negative impact on people’s perceived health, particularly in crisis health zones. In this area, we must accentuate actions aiming to strengthen people’s psychosocial well-being.
Cost Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Monitoring for the Management of Children Asthma
Authors: Buendia Jefferson Antonio , Acuña Rannery , rodriguez carlos
Published: December 2020

IntroductionFractional exhaled nitric oxide is a simple, non-invasive measurement of airway inflammation with minimal discomfort to the patient and with results available within a few minutes. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of asthma management using fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in patients between 4 and 18 years of age.Methods A Markov model was used to estimate the cost-utility of asthma management using fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring versus asthma management without using fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring (standard therapy) in patients between 4 and 18 years of age. Cost data were obtained from a retrospective study on asthma from a tertiary center, in Medellin, Colombia, while probabilities of the Markov model and utilities were obtained from the systematic review of published randomized clinical trials. The analysis was carried out from a societal perspective.ResultsThe model showed that fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring was associated with a lower total cost than standard therapy (US $1,333 vs. US $1,452 average cost per patient) and higher QALYs (0.93 vs. 0.92 average per patient). The probability that fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring provides a more cost-effective use of resources compared with standard therapy exceeds 99% for all willingness-to-pay thresholds.Conclusion Asthma management using fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitoring was cost-effective for treating patients between 4 and 18 years of age with mild to moderate allergic asthma. Our study suggests evidence that could be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines, but this should be replicated in different clinical settings.
Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Correlation of KIF20A in Pan-cancer
Authors: Cui Xiao-Han , Peng Qiu-Ju , Gao Peng , Zhang Xu-Dong , Li Ren-Zhi , Zhu Bei , Zhou Zhao , Zhu Chun-Fu , Qin Xi-Hu
Published: December 2020

Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death, and the morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing in the world. KIF20A plays an important role in tumors, but its immune relevance in pan-cancer needs to be further studied.Methods: KIF20A-related information was download from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Collecting RNA-seq data is fragments per kilobase million (FPKM) style data. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used for estimating the stromal and immune scores for 33 tumors. Then, we analyzed the correlation between KIF20A in pan-cancer and immune checkpoints and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis on the co-expressed genes of KIF20A in pan-cancer.Results: We have confirmed that the expression of KIF20A has a intensive correlation with prognosis in 33 kinds of tumors. Its expression of KIF20A was related to a variety of immune cells and immune checkpoints. Based on the results of GSEA for further analysis, in multiple tumors, KIF20A is related to immune-related pathways.Conclusion: We have demonstrated that KIF20A played an important role in pan-cancer and could affect the occurrence or development of a variety of tumors. Moreover, KIF20A was related to immunity, and KIF20A- related immune research in pan-cancer also needs to be further demonstrate.
Factors Influencing Health Related Quality of Life in Older Patients With Hypertension: Mediating Effects of Depression and Disease Severity of Hypertension
Authors: Sun Qian , Jing Mingxia , Zhang Mei , Wang Yongxin , Liang Rujiang
Published: December 2020

Background: Many interventions have been designed to improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension; however, the influencing factors in this regard, and their mechanisms of action, remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the quality of life of older patients with hypertension, and to analyze the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Multi-stage sampling was used to determine the survey site. Data collection was conducted in the form of face-to-face surveys. Correlation analysis was used to identify and screen factors that influence quality of life. SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 8.3 software were used for data analysis. Results: The sample size was 1,134. Through regression analysis and path analysis, sex, age, last year annual average income, frequency of physical exercise, experience of hypertension complications, duration, number of emergency room visits in the past year, diabetes, hypertension severity, and depression were found to be significantly associated with quality of life. Severity of hypertension and depression were both significant mediators.Conclusion: Age, last year annual average income, frequency of physical exercise, experience of hypertension complications, hypertension severity, number of emergency room visits in the past year, and depression are important factors affecting the quality of life of older patients with hypertension. Moreover, physical exercise, experience of hypertension complications, and number of emergency room visits in the past year also indirectly affect such individuals’ quality of life through severity of hypertension and depression. These findings can provide a foundation for the development of future interventions.
Synthesis and characterization of black TiO2/graphene composites with enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Li Zhaoqing , Liu Zhufeng , Yang Xiao , Chen Peng , Yang Lei , Liu Rongzhen , Yan Chunze
Published: December 2020

According to the composite design, a series of black TiO2/graphene composites were synthesized to improve its photocatalytic activity. TiO2 is generated in situ on the surface of graphene by a facile sol-gel method. The combination of graphene and TiO2 was beneficial for eliminating the opportunity of photogenerated electron-hole recombination due to the excellent conductivity of graphene. In the subsequent hydrogenation process, the self-doping Ti3+ was introduced accompanied by the crystallization of amorphous TiO2. The narrowed bandgap caused by self-doping Ti3+ enhanced the visible light absorption and make the composites appear black. Both of them improved the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized black TiO2/graphene composites. The band structure of the composite was analyzed by valence band XPS, revealing the reason for the high visible light catalytic performance of the composite. The results proved that the black TiO2/graphene composites synthesized show attractive potential for applications in environmental and energy issues.
Development and Comparison of Cross-Linking and Non-Crosslinking Probe-Gold Nanoparticle Hybridization Assays for Direct Detection of Unamplified Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-RNA
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Rastegarzadeh Saadat
Published: December 2020

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major economic disease that has been spread in most countries. In addition to vaccination, one of the main ways to control the disease and prevent it from spreading is to detect and cull infected animals, especially those with persistent infection (PI). We developed and compared two colorimetric biosensor assays based on probe-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect BVDV. Specific probes were designed to detect the 5ʹ untranslated region of BVDV-RNA. The thiolated probes were immobilized on the surface of the AuNPs. Two methods of cross-linking (CL) and non-crosslinking (NCL) probe-AuNPs hybridization were developed and compared. Results: The hybridization of positive targets with the two probe-AuNPs formed a polymeric network between the AuNPs which led to the aggregation of nanoparticles and color change from red to blue. Alternatively, in the NCL mode, the hybridization of complementary targets with the probe-AuNPs resulted in the increased electrostatic repulsion in nanoparticles and the increased stabilization against salt-induced aggregation. The CL and NCL assays had detection limits of 6.83 and 44.36 ng/reaction, respectively. Conclusion: The CL assay showed a higher sensitivity and specificity; in contrast, the NCL assay did not require optimizing and controlling of hybridization temperature and showed a higher response speed. However, both the developed methods are cost-effective and easy to perform and also could be implemented on-site or in local laboratories in low-resource countries.
Relationship between BMI with percentage body fat and obesity in Singaporean adults – The Yishun Study.
Authors: Chen Kexun Kenneth , Wee Shiou-Liang , Pang Benedict , Lau Lay Khoon , Jabbar Khalid Abdul , Seah Wei Ting , Ng Tze Pin
Published: December 2020

Background: The main aim of this study was to the determine relationship between BMI and BF% in Singaporean adults, derive a prediction model to estimate BF%, and to report population BF%. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BF% threshold and the new risk categories for obesity in Singaporean population.Methods: This was a population-based study of 542 community-dwelling Singaporeans (21-90 years old, 43.1% men). Anthropometry and body composition were assessed. Relationship between BMI and BF% were analysed using multiple regression model. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated using WHO and Singapore Ministry of Health (MOH) Clinical Practice Guidelines BMI classification, and BF% cut-off points of 25% and 35% for men and women respectively. Results: We derived a prediction model to estimate BF% based on BMI, age, sex and ethnicity. The current cohort of Singaporeans have higher BF% at matching BMI, age and sex than Caucasians in the US and Europe, and a Singaporean cohort from 20 years ago. The overall population-adjusted prevalence of obesity according to WHO International classification (BMI ³30kg/m2) was 12.9% (14.9% men; 11.0% women); and 26.6% (30.7% men; 22.8% women) according to MOH classification (BMI ³27.5kg/m2). However, using BF% cut-off (>25% for men and >35% for women) resulted in very high prevalence of obesity of 82.0% (80.2% men; 83.8% women).Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy between BF% and BMI measured obesity in Singaporean adults. The results confirmed that Singaporean adults have higher BF% at lower BMI compared to US and UK white counterparts; and that BF% in our population have increased over two decades.
Influence of Subcontractor Risk Management on Quality Performance of Building Construction Projects in Ghana
Authors: Adinyira Emmanuel , Agyekum Kofi , Danku James Cofie , Addison Prince , Danku James Cofie
Published: December 2020

This study intended to examine the influence subcontractor risk management has on the quality performance of building construction projects. Using a quantitative research method, five hypothesised constructs were tested. The views of 139 Heads of Works for Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana were elicited using a structured questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on structural equation model (SEM) was adopted in analysing the data obtained. The findings suggest that the management of four (financial risks, resource risks, technical risks and managerial risks) out of the five categories of risks positively influenced the quality performance of building construction projects. Relationship risks showed no significant influence on construction quality performance. The study showed quantitatively the effects of sub-contractor risks on quality performance. It provides a vivid relationship between the concept of sub-contracting and quality performance. Therefore, failure to properly manage risks sourced from sub-contractors on a building construction project will have a major adverse consequence on the quality performance of the project. This study further advances efforts at understanding the link between sub-contractor management and project performance with a particular focus on the management of risks emanating from the use of subcontractors on building projects.
FIBROMYALGIA AND PSYCHOTRAUMA: A CLINICAL CASE AND BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Guennouni Hassani Hicham , Rachid Najib ,   Department of Psychiatry, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., EL Ouadoudi Jallal ,   Department of Psychiatry, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Amine Laffinti Mahmoud ,   Department of Psychiatry, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: December 2020

Fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic disabling disorder causing diffuse musculoskeletal pain, presents strong comorbidity with psychopathological disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report the case of a 35-year old Syrian Refugee, diagnosed with both Fibromyalgia and PTSD related to traumatic events (killed husband, expulsion from home, rape with death threats, difficult socio-economic situation). An antidepressant treatment combined with psychotherapeutic and psycho-educational intervention led to satisfactory improvements. Considering the clinical case and other related studies, it seems that early management of the traumatic dimension is essential, in order to prevent the chronicity of the suffering and the emergence of psychiatric comorbidities.
OCT STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore., Usman Ushna
Published: December 2020

Background: Schizophrenia is a detrimental neurodevelopmental disorder that affects nearly 1 % of the population worldwide. Although schizophrenia ranks among the leading causes of global disease-related disability, definitive investigations do not exist for its diagnosis at present. Since the retina is derived from the same neural layer that the brain develops from, OCT imaging of retina can provide valuable information regarding underlying pathology of schizophrenia. Objectives: This review aims at describing the potential relevance of OCT studies 1) in understanding current insights into retinal structural changes in schizophrenia 2) in understanding the relationship between retinal structural alterations and disease progression and chronicity 3) and to determine the potential role of retinal changes as biomarkers of schizophrenia. Methodology: A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline was conducted using the keywords: schizophrenia, retina, OCT and RNFL changes. Relevant articles were identified and their key findings summarized in this review. Conclusion: OCT studies in schizophrenia patients conducted in recent years continue to provide evidence of retinal structural alterations associated with schizophrenia. However, the findings of these studies vary and there is a need to conduct further studies for clarification regarding the subject. The application of OCT and other neuroimaging techniques to correlate retinal structural alterations with schizophrenia may potentially help establish the role of retinal variables as biomarkers for the disease, and may open a gateway for better diagnostic investigations in schizophrenia.
UZBEKISTAN-SCO: COOPERATION IN STRATEGIC INTERESTS AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   PhD Student, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies., Soliyeva Muhayyo
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the formation and development of multilateral cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The author adequately analyzes the initiatives, practical proposals, and prospects of Uzbekistan within the organization. The current position of Uzbekistan in the political, economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian spheres within the SCO was emphasized. The strategic partnership between the SCO and Uzbekistan, the harmony of interests was also highlighted. Mutually agreed projects, agreements, and programs for the further development of the SCO, which is a leader in the international arena, were also presented.
Some Areas of Development of Legislation on Local Self-Government in the Light of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kiskin E. V.
Published: December 2020

The introduction of large-scale amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation actualizes the discussion on the areas of development of Russian legislation on local selfgovernment. The article examines the social and legal nature of Russian local self-government, substantiates the conclusion about its duality (the level of public power and the institution of civil society), analyzes the place and role of local self-government in the unified system of public authority. The author comes to the conclusion that the goal of further improving the legislation on local self-government should be recognized as an increase in the efficiency of local self-government in two directions: in solving issues of local importance and performing other public functions (operational efficiency), as well as in meeting the request of citizens for direct participation in the management of common deeds (social efficiency). Based on this goal, possible scenarios for the development of legislation on local self-government are analyzed in two aspects: the territorial structure of local self-government and the competence of local self-government.
Etiology, Risk Factors, Mortality and Morbidity of Status Epilepticus in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Soltanieh Elaheh , Saidi Hossein , Riahi Aina
Published: December 2020

Background:

Risk factors identification associated with status epilepticus is valuable in order to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to consider the etiology, risk factors, morbidity and mortality in children with status epilepticus.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 119 patients aged from one month old to 15 years old. Patients’ data were recorded, including basic demographic, etiology and clinical information. The different risk factors correlated to morbidity and mortality were evaluated in this study.

Results:

The most common etiologies were acute symptomatic and febrile status epilepticus by 32.8% and 22.7%, respectively. Abnormal brain imaging results were reported far more frequently in patients with a history of neurodevelopmental delay and previous status epilepticus (p<0.001). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 18.9% and 10.9%, respectively; while these rates in patients with delayed development (45.16% and 18.42%, respectively) were significantly higher than patients with normal development (8% and 7.4%, respectively). The morbidity rates in patients with previous seizures and previous status epilepticus were remarkably higher than those without previous history of seizure (26.41% vs 11.32%; p=0.047) and without previous status epilepticus (36.36%versus14.28%; p=0.018). The length of hospital stay in patients with mortality was considerably longer than patients without mortality (12.30 ± 16.1 days vs 7.29 ± 6.24 days; p=0.033). The mortality rate in patients with normal Lumbar Puncture result was notably lower than those with abnormal LP result (2.9% vs 50%). The morbidity rate in patients with abnormal brain imaging results (p<0.001) was significantly greater than those in patients with normal results. The mortality rate was relatively higher in patients with abnormal imaging results compared to those normal results. Etiology was an important predictor of mortality and morbidity rates; acute symptomatic (32.8%), febrile status epilepticus (22.7%) and remote symptomatic (16.8%) etiologies were the most common underlying causes of S.E. While in children less than 3 years old, the acute symptomatic etiology and febrile status epilepticus etiologies were estimated as the most common, in most patients older than 3 years old the most common etiology of status epilepticus was unknown. Congenital brain defects etiology had the highest mortality (36.36%) and morbidity (42.85%) rate. The lowest morbidity (3.84%) and mortality (0%) rates were for patients with febrile status epilepticus etiology.

Conclusion:

Age, developmental delay, history of previous status epilepticus, the length of hospital stay, abnormal brain imaging results and the underlying etiology of status epilepticus were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among children with status epilepticus.
HEMICHOREA-HEMIBALLISM IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS: SERIAL CASE REPORTS
Authors: Raisa Neila , Budhi Rianawati Sri , Nandar Kurniawan Shahdevi , F Fahimma , Ade Fitria Nikmahtustsani Mulika
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) is an uncommon movement disorder involved unilateral extremities characterized by irregular, poorly patterned, a continual hyperkinetic involuntary movement disorder in the proximal or distal parts of the body. The acute development of HCHB depends on focal lesions on the contralateral basal ganglia and subthalamic nuclei. Various conditions such as cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, immunologic, infectious, and metabolic diseases are known as secondary causes of HCHB. This paper aims to compare and discuss the HCHB in various etiologies. Case Reports: Here, we reported 5 cases of HCHB induced by non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia (NKKH), thrombotic stroke, and toxoplasmosis cerebral. We compare the admission data, clinical course, imaging, treatment, and outcome of every case. Conclusion: Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of HCHB due to these conditions. Principally, the main management for these cases is to determine the etiology and correct the underlying disorder