bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density-based classification in diabetic retinopathy through thickness of retinal layers from optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mohammed Shariq , Li Tingyang , Chen Xing D. , Warner Elisa , Shankar Anand , Abalem Maria Fernanda , Jayasundera Thiran , Gardner Thomas W. , Rao Arvind
Published: September 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe retinal disorder that can lead to vision loss, however, its underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. Previous studies have taken advantage of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and shown that the thickness of individual retinal layers are affected in patients with DR. However, most studies analyzed the thickness by calculating summary statistics from retinal thickness maps of the macula region. This study aims to apply a density function-based statistical framework to the thickness data obtained through OCT, and to compare the predictive power of various retinal layers to assess the severity of DR. We used a prototype data set of 107 subjects which are comprised of 38 non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 28 without DR (NoDR), and 41 controls. Based on the thickness profiles, we constructed novel features which capture the variation in the distribution of the pixel-wise retinal layer thicknesses from OCT. We quantified the predictive power of each of the retinal layers to distinguish between all three pairwise comparisons of the severity in DR (NoDR vs NPDR, controls vs NPDR, and controls vs NoDR). When applied to this preliminary DR data set, our density-based method demonstrated better predictive results compared with simple summary statistics. Furthermore, our results indicate considerable differences in retinal layer structuring based on the severity of DR. We found that: (a) the outer plexiform layer is the most discriminative layer for classifying NoDR vs NPDR; (b) the outer plexiform, inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers are the strongest biomarkers for discriminating controls from NPDR; and (c) the inner nuclear layer distinguishes best between controls and NoDR.
Wnt signaling mediates oncogenic synergy between Akt and Dlx5 in T-cell lymphomagenesis by enhancing cholesterol synthesis
Authors: Tan Yinfei , Sementino Eleonora , Liu Zemin , Cai Kathy Q. , Testa Joseph R.
Published: September 2020

The Dlx5 homeobox gene was first implicated as an oncogene in a T-ALL mouse model expressing myristoylated (Myr) Akt2. Furthermore, overexpression of Dlx5 was sufficient to drive T-ALL in mice by directly activating Akt and Notch signaling. These findings implied that Akt2 cooperates with Dlx5 in T-cell lymphomagenesis. To test this hypothesis, Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt2 transgenic mice were generated. MyrAkt2 synergized with Dlx5 to greatly accelerate and enhance the dissemination of T-lymphomagenesis. RNA-seq analysis performed on lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt mice revealed upregulation of genes involved in the Wnt and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. Combined RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis of lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt mice demonstrated that β-catenin directly regulates genes involved in sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (Srebf2)-cholesterol synthesis. These lymphoma cells had high Lef1 levels and were highly sensitive to β-catenin and Srebf2-cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Similarly, human T-ALL cell lines with activated NOTCH and AKT and elevated LEF1 levels were sensitive to inhibition of β-catenin and cholesterol pathways. Furthermore, LEF1 expression positively correlated with expression of genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway in primary human T-ALL specimens. Together, these data suggest that targeting β-catenin and/or cholesterol biosynthesis, together with AKT, could have therapeutic efficacy in a subset of T-ALL patients.
Universal field-tunable terahertz emission by ultrafast photoinduced demagnetization in Fe, Ni, and Co ferromagnetic films
Authors: Huang Lin , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kim Seon-Dae , Shim Je-Ho , Shin Hee Jun , Kim Seongheun , Park Jaehun , Park Seung-Young , Choi Yeon Suk , Kim Hyun-Joong , Hong Jung-Il , Kim Dong Eon , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: September 2020

We report a universal terahertz (THz) emission behavior from simple Ni, Fe, and Co metallic ferromagnetic films, triggered by the femtosecond laser pulse and subsequent photoinduced demagnetization on an ultrafast time scale. THz emission behavior in ferromagnetic films is found to be consistent with initial magnetization states controlled by external fields, where the hysteresis of the maximal THz emission signal is observed to be well-matched with the magnetic hysteresis curve. It is experimentally demonstrated that the ultrafast THz emission by the photoinduced demagnetization is controllable in a simple way by external fields as well as pump fluences.
Cerebrospinal fluid sTREM2 in Alzheimer’s disease: comparisons between clinical presentation and AT classification
Authors: Knapskog Anne-Brita , Henjum Kristi , Idland Ane-Victoria , Eldholm Rannveig Sakshaug , Persson Karin , Saltvedt Ingvild , Watne Leiv Otto , Engedal Knut , Nilsson Lars N. G.
Published: September 2020

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor expressed by microglia. Its cleaved fragments, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), can be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Previous studies indicate higher CSF sTREM2 in symptomatic AD; however most of these studies have included biomarker positive AD cases and biomarker negative controls. The aim of the study was to explore potential differences in the CSF level of sTREM2 and factors associated with an increased sTREM2 level in patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to AD compared with cognitively unimpaired controls as judged by clinical symptoms and biomarker category (AT). We included 299 memory clinic patients, 62 (20.7%) with AD-MCI and 237 (79.3%) with AD dementia, and 113 cognitively unimpaired controls. CSF measures of the core biomarkers were applied to determine AT status. CSF sTREM2 was analyzed by ELISA. Patients presented with comparable CSF sTREM2 levels as the cognitively unimpaired (9.6 ng/ml [SD 4.7] versus 8.8 ng/ml [SD 3.6], p = 0.27). We found that CSF sTREM2 associated with age-related neuroinflammation and tauopathy irrespectively of amyloid β, APOE ε4 status or gender. The findings were similar in both symptomatic and non-symptomatic individuals.
Characterising a PDMS based 3D cell culturing microfluidic platform for screening chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxic activity
Authors: Khot M. Ibrahim , Levenstein Mark A. , de Boer Greg N. , Armstrong Gemma , Maisey Thomas , Svavarsdottir Hafdis S. , Andrew Helen , Perry Sarah L. , Kapur Nikil , Jayne David G.
Published: September 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal cell cultures are now recognised as better models of cancers as compared to traditional cell cultures. However, established 3D cell culturing protocols and techniques are time-consuming, manually laborious and often expensive due to the excessive consumption of reagents. Microfluidics allows for traditional laboratory-based biological experiments to be scaled down into miniature custom fabricated devices, where cost-effective experiments can be performed through the manipulation and flow of small volumes of fluid. In this study, we characterise a 3D cell culturing microfluidic device fabricated from a 3D printed master. HT29 cells were seeded into the device and 3D spheroids were generated and cultured through the perfusion of cell media. Spheroids were treated with 5-Fluorouracil for five days through continuous perfusion and cell viability was analysed on-chip at different time points using fluorescence microscopy and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay on the supernatant. Increasing cell death was observed in the HT29 spheroids over the five-day period. The 3D cell culturing microfluidic device described in this study, permits on-chip anti-cancer treatment and viability analysis, and forms the basis of an effective platform for the high-throughput screening of anti-cancer drugs in 3D tumour spheroids.
Mechanistic understanding of the adsorption and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue dye onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater
Authors: Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Al-Absi Rana S.
Published: September 2020

In the current study, the mechanistic understanding of the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater were investigated. The batch adsorption of MB onto the olive stones (black and green olive stones) was tested at a variety of pH, dye concentrations, temperatures, and biomass particle sizes. The adsorption thermodynamics such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were also calculated. Moreover, the desorption studies of MB from the spent olive stones were studied to explore the re-usability of the biomasses. The results revealed that under the optimum pH of 10, the maximum MB uptake was achieved i.e. 80.2% for the green olive stones and 70.9% for the black olive stones. The green olive stones were found to be more efficient in remediating higher MB concentrations from water than the black olive stones. The highest MB removal of the green olive stones was achieved at 600 ppm of MB, while the highest MB removal of the black olive stones was observed at 50 ppm of MB. Furthermore, for almost all the concentrations studied (50–1000 ppm), the MB adsorption was the highest at the temperature of 45 °C (P value < 0.05). It was shown by the Fourier transform infrared that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were proposed as dominant adsorption mechanisms at basic and acidic pH, respectively. While the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction was a dominant mechanism at neutral pH. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and favorable. Moreover, the real wastewater experiment and the desorption studies showed that the green and black olive stones were a cost-effective and promising adsorbents for MB remediation from wastewater on account of their high adsorption and desorption removal capacities.
Rapid and economic fabrication approach of dielectric reflectors for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Yepuri Venkatesh , Dubey R. S. , Kumar Brijesh
Published: September 2020

Dielectric reflectors are the passive components that have their potential demands for various purposes, such as back-end reflector in solar cells, the band pass filters in optical instruments, thermal reflector and so on. Though well-established techniques for manufacturing such reflectors are available, the demand for their low-cost production with a minimum number of coatings has attracted the attention of the scientific community. In this framework, this paper addresses the process optimization for the low-cost and rapid fabrication of dielectric TiO2/SiO2 reflectors with 100% reflectance. Numerous studies are carried out to explore the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of reflectors. We summarize that the desired reflection band of a selective-wavelength range can be realized by varying the precursor and catalyst concentrations, annealing cycle, and the spin rate. With this, we noticed the shifting of reflection window from the visible (Vis) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region using reflectors of merely 2.5 stacks of TiO2/SiO2 films. We also performed the thermal response of the reflector by radiating an infrared light source and observed an exceptional performance indicating its thermal shielding application.
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increases cardiomyogenesis through PKC/ERK signaling
Authors: Radaszkiewicz Katarzyna Anna , Beckerová Deborah , Woloszczuková Lucie , Radaszkiewicz Tomasz Witold , Lesáková Petra , Blanářová Olga Vondálová , Kubala Lukáš , Humpolíček Petr , Pachernik Jiří
Published: September 2020

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is the most widely used diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetic agent and inducer of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated cellular response in biomedical studies. TPA has been proposed as a pluripotent cell differentiation factor, but results obtained have been inconsistent. In the present study we show that TPA can be applied as a cardiomyogenesis-promoting factor for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells in vitro. The mechanism of TPA action is mediated by the induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of GATA4 transcription factor. Interestingly, general mitogens (FGF, EGF, VEGF and serum) or canonical WNT signalling did not mimic the effect of TPA. Moreover, on the basis of our results, we postulate that a TPA-sensitive population of cardiac progenitor cells exists at a certain time point (after days 6–8 of the differentiation protocol) and that the proposed treatment can be used to increase the multiplication of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Cu2+-Regulated reversible coordination interaction of GQD@Tb/GMP ICP nanoparticles: towards directly monitoring cerebrospinal acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker for cholinic brain dysfunction
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Chunyu , Ma Ruixue , Zhai Wanying , Deng Jingjing , Zhou Tianshu
Published: September 2020

Based on the rational design of the Cu2+-regulated reversible coordination interaction of GQD@Tb/GMP ICPs, a new turn-on fluorescence strategy is developed for monitoring AChE in CSF as a biomarker for cholinic brain dysfunction-related disease.
High throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of six vitamin D metabolites: application for vitamin D determination in patients after liver or kidney transplantation
Authors: Hu Ting , Li Han , Liu Hongchuan , Cong Ling , Liu Lihong , An Zhuoling
Published: September 2020

Vitamin D metabolites are fat-soluble vitamins that regulate broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes.
Matrix stiffness and cluster size collectively regulate dormancy versus proliferation in brain metastatic breast cancer cell clusters
Authors: Kondapaneni Raghu Vamsi , Rao Shreyas S.
Published: September 2020

Dormant versus proliferative phenotypes in metastatic tumor cell clusters are mediated via matrix stiffness and cluster size.
3D printing collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds boost neural network reconstruction and motor function recovery after traumatic brain injury in canine
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Liu Xiaoyin , Chen Hui , Dai Chen , Niu Xuegang , Dai Lujia , Chen Xuyi , Zhang Sai
Published: September 2020

Tissue engineering is considered highly promising for the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and accumulating evidence has proved the efficacy of biomaterials and 3D printing.
Physical stimulus and chemical modulations of bistable molecular magnetic materials
Authors: Feng Min , Ruan Ze-Yu , Chen Yan-Cong , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: September 2020

In this Feature Article, we summarize the recent progress made in modulating the multifaceted magnetic behaviour of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and spin-crossover (SCO) materials based on chemical modifications and external stimuli.
Trimeric uranyl(vi)–citrate forms Na+, Ca2+, and La3+ sandwich complexes in aqueous solution
Authors: Kretzschmar Jerome , Tsushima Satoru , Drobot Björn , Steudtner Robin , Schmeide Katja , Stumpf Thorsten
Published: September 2020

Under the uranyl citrate umbrella: metal ions are extremely shielded from water upon coordination by six uranyl(vi) oxygen atoms.
Recent advances in oxidative allylic C–H functionalization via group IX-metal catalysis
Authors: Kazerouni Amaan M. , McKoy Quincy A. , Blakey Simon B.
Published: September 2020

Co, Rh, and Ir complexes have emerged as highly versatile catalysts for complexity generating allylic C–H functionalization reactions.
Catalytic enantioselective domino Michael/transannular aldol reaction under bifunctional catalysis
Authors: Mato Raquel , Reyes Efraim , Carrillo Luisa , Uria Uxue , Prieto Liher , Manzano Ruben , Vicario Jose L.
Published: September 2020

Chiral bifunctional tertiary amine/squaramides catalyze the enantioselective Michael/transannular aldol reaction on medium-sized cyclic ketoenones leading to bicycle[5.4.0]undecanes.
Multiscale investigations of europium(iii) complexation with tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide confined in porous solid supports
Authors: Bertelsen Erin R. , Kovach Nolan C. , Reinhart Benjamin J. , Trewyn Brian G. , Antonio Mark R. , Shafer Jenifer C.
Published: September 2020

Functionalized ordered mesoporous carbons facilitate the templateing of microcrystalline-like domains and multinuclear speciation under high Eu3+ loading conditions.
Colloidal-like aggregation of a functional amyloid protein
Authors: Azulay David N. , Ghrayeb Mnar , Ktorza Ilanit Bensimhon , Nir Ido , Nasser Rinad , Harel Yair S. , Chai Liraz
Published: September 2020

TasA, a bacterial functional amyloid protein, aggregates in a colloidal – like mechanism upon exposure to acidic conditions.
Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure CdO/PtSe2: promising visible light photocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ji Weixiao
Published: September 2020

The superior visible-light photocatalytic activity and type-II band alignment with built-in electric field make CdO/PtSe2 a promising candidate for water-splitting.
Predicting maximally random jammed packing density of non-spherical hard particles via analytical continuation of fluid equation of state
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Jiao Yang
Published: September 2020

We developed a formalism for accurately predicting the density of MRJ packing state of a wide spectrum of congruent non-spherical hard particles in 3D via analytical fluid EOS.
Boosting visible-light-driven catalytic hydrogen evolution via surface Ti3+ and bulk oxygen vacancies in urchin-like hollow black TiO2 decorated with RuO2 and Pt dual cocatalysts
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Qiuye , Gupta Bhavana , He Chunqing , Yang Jianjun
Published: September 2020

A novel hollow urchin-like black RuO2/TiO2/Pt nanomaterial with surface Ti3+ and bulk single-electron oxygen vacancies (Vo·) was used for enhancing the hydrogen evolution performance under visible light.
Nanostructured surfaces from ligand-protected metal nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Yiming , Cao Hai
Published: September 2020

Using ligand-protected nanoparticles to create low-dimensional nanostructures on the surfaces represents a facile and efficient approach to fabricate nanostructured surfaces.
In situ intercalation and exploitation of Co3O4 nanoparticles grown on carbon nitride nanosheets for highly efficient degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Lei , Xiao Yuting , Tian Guohui , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang
Published: September 2020

A facile in situ intercalation and exploitation strategy has been developed for constructing Co3O4/C3N4 heterojunctions, which could be used as highly efficient photocatalysts to degrade methylene blue.
Recent advances in developing organic electrode materials for multivalent rechargeable batteries
Authors: Qin Kaiqiang , Huang Jinghao , Holguin Kathryn , Luo Chao
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes state-of-the-art organic electrode materials in multivalent rechargeable batteries and discusses the correlation between structure and performance.
The role of a suburban forest in controlling vertical trace gas and OH reactivity distributions – a case study for the Seoul metropolitan area
Authors: Kim Saewung , Seco Roger , Gu Dasa , Sanchez Dianne , Jeong Daun , Guenther Alex B. , Lee Youngro , Mak John E. , Su Luping , Kim Dan Bi , Lee Youngjae , Ahn Joon-Young , Mcgee Tom , Sullivan John , Long Russell , Brune William H. , Thames Alexander , Wisthaler Armin , Müller Markus , Mikoviny Thomas , Weinheimer Andy , Yang Melissa , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Soyoung , Park Hyunjoo
Published: September 2020

This study presents vertical distributions of trace gases and OH reactivity in Seoul Metropolitan Area. The comparison between a suburban ground site and an airborne platform illustrates a rapid photo oxidation in the very bottom of the boundary layer.
Use of a Cu-selective resin for Cu preconcentration from seawater prior to its isotopic analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhou Lian , Feng Lanping , Liu Jincun , Liu Jinhua , Algeo Thomas J. , Yang Lu
Published: September 2020

A combination of a Cu-selective resin column and an AG MP-1M resin column was employed for the determination of seawater Cu isotopic compositions.
Shape-adaptable biodevices for wearable and implantable applications
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Li Chang , Shum Ho Cheung , Du Xuemin
Published: September 2020

Emerging wearable and implantable biodevices with shape-adaptable capabilities have been significantly revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cells: enrichment, single-cell analysis, and liquid biopsy for clinical applications
Authors: Pei Haimeng , Li Lu , Han Zhaojun , Wang Yiguo , Tang Bo
Published: September 2020

Microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cells: from enrichment to single-cell analysis to liquid biopsy for clinical applications.
Material innovation and mechanics design for substrates and encapsulation of flexible electronics: a review
Authors: Li Haibo , Ma Yinji , Huang Yonggang
Published: September 2020

Advances in materials and mechanics designs have led to the development of flexible electronics, which have important applications to human healthcare due to their good biocompatibility and conformal integration with biological tissue.
Advanced technologies for the fabrication of MOF thin films
Authors: Crivello Chiara , Sevim Semih , Graniel Octavio , Franco Carlos , Pané Salvador , Puigmartí-Luis Josep , Muñoz-Rojas David
Published: September 2020

In this Minireview, we discuss several appealing approaches that have been developed in the last few years for the fabrication of MOF thin films, highlighting their assets and the challenges still faced.
New gold standard: weakly capped infant Au nanoclusters with record high catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction and hydrogen generation from an ammonia borane–sodium borohydride mixture
Authors: Patra Dinabandhu , Nalluri Srinivasa Rao , Tan Hui Ru , Saifullah Mohammad S. M. , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Gopalan Balaji
Published: September 2020

Active sites are preserved in the citric acid-capped Au nanoclusters prepared in solid state. In water, the rapid dissolution of citric acid allows the reactants to easily access the active sites of infant Au nanoclusters leading to faster catalysis.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as an anode for a highly robust potassium-ion hybrid capacitor
Authors: Li Xiuqi , Chen Maoxin , Wang Lei , Xu Hanjiao , Zhong Jiang , Zhang Meng , Wang Yaya , Zhang Qiusheng , Mei Lin , Wang Tao , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan , Duan Xidong
Published: September 2020

Novel N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesized as an anode for high energy density and power density potassium-ion hybrid capacitors.
The controllable nanostructure and photocatalytic behaviour of 5,10,15,20-tetra-(3,4,5 trimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin through solvophobic supramolecular self-assembly
Authors: Jadhav Ratan W. , Duc La Duong , Truong Tuan Ngoc , Khalap Shambhu V. , Quang Dang Viet , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: September 2020

In this study, the self-assembly of 5,10,15,20-tetra(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (coded as: TTOP) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and H2O and the photocatalytic activity of the resulting self-assembled aggregates toward the degradation of organic compounds were investigated.
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering of all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots of CsPbBr3encapsulated in a ZIF-8 metal–organic framework
Authors: Xin Mingyang , Fu Yuzhou , Zhou Yue , Han Junhe , Mao Yanli , Li Mengjia , Liu Junhui , Huang Mingju
Published: September 2020

We used a one-pot method to synthesize CsPbBr3@ZIF-8 and found that it has strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance and stability at room temperature.
Complex of praseodymium with lipid as a NMR temperature sensor and probe of liposome states
Authors: Selyutina O. Yu. , Kononova P. A. , Babailov S. P.
Published: September 2020

The goal of the research was to show the limits within which Pr3+ can be used as a linear response probe.
Formation of iron(iii)–thiolate metallocyclophane using a ferrocene-based bis-isocyanide
Authors: Huang Yen-Chung , Lan Wan-Yu , Ching Wei-Min , Hsu Sodio C. N.
Published: September 2020

Ferrocene-based iron–thiolate complexes are reported, and the kinetic product transforms to its corresponding thermodynamic product by the chelating effect of Fc(NC)2.
Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution using newly synthesized urea-based cationic fluorosurfactants: experimental and computational investigations
Authors: Abd El-Lateef Hany M. , Shalabi K. , Tantawy Ahmed H.
Published: September 2020

The results of this report show that synthesized fluorosurfactants can be applied as effective corrosion inhibitors with good anticorrosion properties for hydrochloric acid pickling of carbon steel.
The one-pot synthesis of porous Ni0.85Se nanospheres on graphene as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Guigui , Shuai Chao , Mo Zunli , Guo Ruibin , Liu Nijuan , Niu Xiaohui , Dong Qibing , Wang Jia , Gao Qinqin , Chen Ying , Liu Wentong
Published: September 2020

Ni0.85Se/RGO composite exhibits extraordinary water splitting.
Universal laser-assisted growth of transition metal nanoparticles on a flexible graphene electrode for a nonenzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Xie Wuyun , Yang Guang , Xu Mingqi , Bo Xiangjie
Published: September 2020

A universal laser-assisted method was used for the construction of transition metal nanoparticles on graphene as a glucose sensor.
Iron nanoparticle templates for constructing 3D graphene framework with enhanced performance in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Campéon Benoît D. L. , Wang Chen , Nishina Yuta
Published: September 2020

This study examines the synthesis and electrochemical performance of three-dimensional graphene for Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries.
Highly aligned carbon nanotubes and their sensor applications
Authors: Akhtar Imtisal , Chang Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2020

Flexible electronics comprising carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes and polymer composites are used in diverse applications, including health monitoring.
Ratiometric co-delivery of doxorubicin and docetaxel by covalently conjugating with mPEG-poly(β-malic acid) for enhanced synergistic breast tumor therapy
Authors: Yu Zhe , Li Hua , Jia Yiyang , Qiao Youbei , Wang Chaoli , Zhou Qing , He Xin , Yu Shibin , Yang Tiehong , Wu Hong
Published: September 2020

Ratiometric codelivery of doxorubicin and docetaxel through an engineered nanoconjugate based on mPEG-PMLA facilitates the accumulation of drugs at the tumor site and enhances synergistic antitumor response.
Magneto-structural diversity of Co(ii) compounds with 1-benzylimidazole induced by linear pseudohalide coligands
Authors: Świtlicka Anna , Machura Barbara , Kruszynski Rafał , Moliner Nicolás , Carbonell José Miguel , Cano Joan , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel
Published: September 2020

The magneto-structural diversity of 1-benzylimidazole-containing cobalt(ii) compounds with linear pseudohalide ions (NCS−, NCO−, and N3−) is explored.
The Fe(iii)-catalyzed decarboxylative cycloaddition of β-ketoacids and 2H-azirines for the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Hu Haipeng , Wang Cuilin , Lai Han , Wang Siyuan , Ni Hailiang , Yu Wenhao , Cao Peng
Published: September 2020

An Fe(iii)-catalyzed Mannich/decarboxylative ring expansion reaction to generate pyrrole derivatives has been achieved using Fe(OTf)3 as the catalyst. A series of pyrrole derivatives was obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Cu oxidation kinetics through graphene and its effect on the electrical properties of graphene
Authors: Kim Min-Sik , Kim Ki-Ju , Kim Minsu , Lee Sangbong , Lee Kyu Hyun , Kim Hyeongkeun , Kim Hyun-Mi , Kim Ki-Bum
Published: September 2020

The oxidation kinetics of Cu through graphene were evaluated from the surface coverage of Cu oxide (Fox) by varying the oxidation time (tox= 10–360 min) and temperature (Tox= 180–240 °C) under an air environment.
Experimental evidence for a general model of modulated MOF nanoparticle growth
Authors: Marshall Checkers R. , Timmel Emma E. , Staudhammer Sara A. , Brozek Carl K.
Published: September 2020

Nanoparticles of metal–organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) boast superior properties compared to their bulk analogs, yet little is known about how common synthetic parameters dictate particle sizes.
Tri-rutile layered niobium-molybdates for all solid-state symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Chen Jingwei , Li Shaohui , Matz Sebastian , Bhavanasi Venkateswarlu , Parida Kaushik , Al-Shamery Katharina , Lee Pooi See
Published: September 2020

A wide inter-layer spacing is the key to realizing high energy density and power density in pseudocapacitors.
An inverse vulcanized conductive polymer for Li–S battery cathodes
Authors: Gao Guoping , Sun Xiaotian , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: September 2020

Polymer with crosslink design are proposed to increase the S content via inverse vulcanization. It can be a promising Li–S cathode materials.
A benzothiazolium-based fluorescent probe with ideal pKa for mitochondrial pH imaging and cancer cell differentiation
Authors: Lin Bo , Fan Li , Zhou Ying , Ge Jinyin , Wang Xueli , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin , Wong Man Shing
Published: September 2020

A benzothiazolium-based fluorescent pH probe HTBT2 with an ideal pKa of 8.04 ± 0.02 for imaging mitochondrial pH in living cells.
New amphiphilic copolymers for PDMS-based nanocomposite films with long-term marine antifouling performance
Authors: Guazzelli Elisa , Perondi Federico , Criscitiello Francesco , Pretti Carlo , Oliva Matteo , Casu Valentina , Maniero Francesco , Gazzera Lara , Galli Giancarlo , Martinelli Elisa
Published: September 2020

Amphiphilic PDMS-based nanocomposite films with extremely reduced fouling coverage after long-term immersion in seawater and exposure to water-jet cleaning.
Biomimetic two-dimensional nanozymes: synthesis, hybridization, functional tailoring, and biosensor applications
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Yan , Chen Yun , Guo Lei , Wei Gang
Published: September 2020

2D material-based nanozymes exhibited high potential for applications in biosensors and immunoassays.
Down-regulation of miR-361-5p promotes the viability, migration and tube formation of endothelial progenitor cells via targeting FGF1
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Song Yanli , Sun Yuexi , Wang Mengmeng , Xiang Yang
Published: September 2020

Transplantion of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be a novel treatment for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The present study probed into the role of microRNA (miR)-361-5p in EPCs and DVT recanalization. EPCs were isolated from male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and identified using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The viability, migration and tube formation of EPCs were examined using MTT assay, wound-healing assay and tube formation assay, respectively. Target gene and potential binding sites between miR-361-5p and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) were predicted by StarBase and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions of miR-361-5p and FGF1 were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. A DVT model in SD rats was established to investigate the role of EPC with miR-361-5p antagomir in DVT by Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) staining. EPC was identified as 87.1% positive for cluster of difference (CD)31, 2.17% positive for CD133, 85.6% positive for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and 94.8% positive for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2). MiR-361-5p antagomir promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of EPCs and up-regulated FGF1 expression, thereby dissolving thrombus in the vein of DVT rats. FGF1 was the target of miR-361-5p, and overexpressed FGF1 reversed the effects of up-regulating miR-361-5p on suppressing EPCs. Down-regulation of miR-361-5p enhanced thrombus resolution in vivo and promoted EPC viability, migration and angiogenesis in vitro through targeting FGF1. Therefore, miR-361-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for DVT recanalization.
MiR-25-3p targets PTEN to regulate the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tong Zhuang , Sun Zhe , Zhu Guolian , Shen Erdong , Huang Yanfeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. MiR-25-3p was proved to be a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers. MiR-25-3p was found to be high expressed in the blood of EC patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of miR-25-3p and its target gene on EC.

Methods: miR-25-3p expression in the blood of EC patients and EC cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The target of miR-25-3p was identified by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay. After transfection, cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The expressions of PTEN, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved Caspase-3, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT were detected by Western blot.

Results: MiR-25-3p was high expressed in the blood of EC patients and EC cells. MiR-25-3p targeted PTEN and inhibited the expression of PTEN. MiR-25-3p mimic increased the viability, migration, invasion and the expressions of Bcl-2, and inhibited the apoptosis and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in EC cells. MiR-25-3p mimic also enhanced the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in EC cells. PTEN overexpression not only had an opposite effect of miR-25-3p mimic, but also reversed the effect of miR-25-3p mimic on EC cells.

Conclusion: MiR-25-3p targeted PTEN to promote the migration and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of EC cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway, which might provide a new therapeutic target for EC treatment.
Human 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases: nutrient sensors, stress responders, and disease mediators
Authors: Fletcher Sally C. , Coleman Mathew L.
Published: September 2020

Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases are a conserved enzyme class that catalyse diverse oxidative reactions across nature. In humans, these enzymes hydroxylate a broad range of biological substrates including DNA, RNA, proteins and some metabolic intermediates. Correspondingly, members of the 2OG-dependent oxygenase superfamily have been linked to fundamental biological processes, and found dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Such findings have stimulated efforts to understand both the biochemical activities and cellular functions of these enzymes, as many have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on human 2OG-dependent oxygenases catalysing the hydroxylation of protein and polynucleotide substrates. We discuss their modulation by changes in the cellular microenvironment, particularly with respect to oxygen, iron, 2OG and the effects of oncometabolites. We also describe emerging evidence that these enzymes are responsive to cellular stresses including hypoxia and DNA damage. Moreover, we examine how dysregulation of 2OG-dependent oxygenases is associated with human disease, and the apparent paradoxical role for some of these enzymes during cancer development. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges associated with assigning biochemical activities and cellular functions to 2OG-dependent oxygenases.
Splitting up to heal: mitochondrial shape regulates signaling for focal membrane repair
Authors: Horn Adam , Jaiswal Jyoti K.
Published: September 2020

Mitochondria are central to the health of eukaryotic cells. While commonly known for their bioenergetic role, mitochondria also function as signaling organelles that regulate cell stress responses capable of restoring homeostasis or leading the stressed cell to eventual death. Damage to the plasma membrane is a potentially fatal stressor incurred by all cells. Repairing plasma membrane damage requires cells to mount a rapid and localized response to injury. Accumulating evidence has identified a role for mitochondria as an important facilitator of this acute and localized repair response. However, as mitochondria are organized in a cell-wide, interconnected network, it is unclear how they collectively sense and respond to a focal injury. Here we will discuss how mitochondrial shape change is an integral part of this localized repair response. Mitochondrial fragmentation spatially restricts beneficial repair signaling, enabling a localized response to focal injury. Conservation of mitochondrial fragmentation in response to cell and tissue damage across species demonstrates that this is a universal pro-survival adaptation to injury and suggests that mitochondrial fragmentation may provide cells a mechanism to facilitate localized signaling in contexts beyond repairing plasma membrane injury.
Whence Blobs? Phylogenetics of functional protein condensates
Authors: Pritišanac Iva , Zarin Taraneh , Forman-Kay Julie D. , Moses Alan M.
Published: September 2020

What do we know about the molecular evolution of functional protein condensation? The capacity of proteins to form biomolecular condensates (compact, protein-rich states, not bound by membranes, but still separated from the rest of the contents of the cell) appears in many cases to be bestowed by weak, transient interactions within one or between proteins. Natural selection is expected to remove or fix amino acid changes, insertions or deletions that preserve and change this condensation capacity when doing so is beneficial to the cell. A few recent studies have begun to explore this frontier of phylogenetics at the intersection of biophysics and cell biology.
Developments in New Measurements of Fission Cross-Sections, Fragment Yields, and Prompt and Quasi-Prompt Gammas for Nuclear Data Needs
Authors: Hecht Adam , Baldez Phoenix , Baldez Baldez
Published: September 2020

The University of New Mexico Fission Spectrometer was developed to measure fission product yield, as part of the LANL SPIDER collaboration. The spectrometer operates as an E-v detector to extract product mass event-by-event, with a time of flight region followed by an ionization chamber for kinetic energy measurements. By using the ionization chamber as a singlecathode/single-anode time projection chamber, stopping power and thus Z information is extracted, for coupled A and Z measurements. New work is being performed to add gamma ray detectors in the data stream, placed near the target region for prompt gammas and near the ionization chamber for quasiprompt (>50 ns) and later gammas, correlated with individual fission products. A stand-alone parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) is also being developed for fission tagging gamma ray data. The PPIC will also allow discrimination between charged particle out events and (n,n’γ), and discriminate between alpha emission and fission. Using layers in the PPIC, other targets can be measured simultaneously with a calibration target, giving relative fission cross sections. Past measurements with the spectrometer were performed at LANSCE and we plan to continue measurements there. The current work is supported by the NNSA Stewardship Science Academic Alliance.
Late Prompt Fission Gamma Rays from 235U(n,f) and 252Cf(sf)
Authors: Rusev G. , Bond E. M. , Bredeweg T. A. , Couture A. , O’Donnell J. M. , Jandel M. , Lovell A.E. , Mosby S. , Prokop C. J. , Stetcu I. , Talou P. , Ullmann J. L.
Published: September 2020

Two measurements of fission γ rays were performed with the DANCE and NEUANCE arrays using the reactions 235 U(n, f) and 252 Cf(sf). Utilizing the fast time response of the detectors and a method for estimating the accidental background, we obtained the energy spectrum of the late prompt fission γ rays as a function of the time since fission. The experimental results are compared with predictions of the code CGMF folded with GEANT4 simulations of the detector response.
Comparing fission-product yields from photon-induced fission of 240Pu and neutron-induced fission of 239Pu as a test of the Bohr hypothesis in nuclear fission
Authors: Silano Jack , Tonchev Anton , Henderson Roger , Schunck Nicolas , Tornow Werner , Howell Calvin , Krishichayan FNU , Finch Sean , Gooden Matthew
Published: September 2020

Fission product yields (FPYs) are a uniquely sensitive probe of the fission process, with well established dependence on the species of nucleus undergoing fission, its excitation energy and spin. Thus FPYs are well suited for testing Bohr’s hypothesis in the context of nuclear fission, which states that the decay of a compound nucleus with a given excitation energy, spin and parity is independent of its formation. Using FPYs, we have performed a new highprecision test of the combined effects of the entrance channel, spin and parity on the fission process from two of the most commonly used particles to induce fission neutrons and photons. The 239 Pu(n,f) reaction at En = 4.6 MeV and the 240 Pu(γ,f) reaction at Eγ = 11.2 MeV were used to produce a 240 Pu∗ compound nucleus with the same excitation energy. The FPYs from these two reactions were measured using quasimonoenergetic neutron beams from the TUNL’s FN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and quasimonenergetic photon beams from the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility. The FPYs from these two reactions are compared quantitatively for the first time.
Microscopic Calculation of Fission Fragment Distributions in Actinides
Authors: Schunck N.
Published: September 2020

The simulation of independent and cumulative yields requires precise knowledge of the initial conditions of the fission fragments immediately after scission. In this paper, we use a quantum-mechanical description of fission dynamics to extract the initial mass distribution of fission fragments for the neutron-induced fission of the two major actinides239Pu and235U, both for thermal fission and as a function of the incident neutron energy.
Probing the fission properties of neutron-rich actinides with the astrophysical r process
Authors: Vassh Nicole , Mumpower Matthew , Sprouse Trevor , Surman Rebecca , Vogt Ramona
Published: September 2020

We review recent work examining the influence of fission in rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis which can take place in astrophysical environments. We briefly discuss the impact of uncertain fission barriers and fission rates on the population of heavy actinide species. We demonstrate the influence of the fission fragment distributions for neutron-rich nuclei and discuss currently available treatments, including recent macroscopic-microscopic calculations. We conclude by comparing our nucleosynthesis results directly with stellar data for metal-poor stars rich in r-process elements to consider whether fission plays a role in the so-called ‘universality’ of r-process abundances observed from star to star.
From fission yield measurements to evaluation: new statistical methodology applied to 235U(nth, f ) mass yields
Authors: Kessedjian Grégoire , Cheikh Sidi Mohamed , Chebboubi Abdelazize , Serot Olivier
Published: September 2020

The study of fission yields has a major impact on the characterization and understanding of the fission process and is mandatory for reactor applications. The mass and isotopic yields of the fission fragments have a direct influence on the predictions of fuel burn-up and decay heat. Moreover, these data are requested for other studies as delayed neutron evaluation, antineutrino flux assessment or reactor program. Today, the lack of covariance matrix associated to evaluated fission yields induces overestimated uncertainties of mass yields since these observables result from the sum of isotopic and isomeric yields. Our collaboration starts a new program in the field of the evaluation of fission products in addition to the current experimental program. The goal is to define a new methodology of evaluation based on statistical tests in order to provide the best estimation with consistent sets of measurements. A ranking of solutions with associated covariance based on Shannon’s entropy criterion is proposed for the mass yields from 235 U(nth, f) reaction.
Diagnostik und Behandlung der hereditären hämorrhagischen Teleangiektasie
Authors: Seebauer Caroline Theresa , Kuehnel Thomas , Uller Wibke , Bohr Christopher , Andorfer Kornelia Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Die hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (HHT; Morbus Osler-Weber-Rendu; Morbus Osler) ist mit einer weltweiten Prävalenz von 1:5000–8000 eine seltene Erkrankung der Kapillaren, bei der sich arteriovenöse Shunts bilden. Vorwiegend finden sich diese in der Nasenschleimhaut, im Magen-Darm-Trakt, in der Lunge, in der Leber und im zentralen Nervensystem. Leitsymptom der Erkrankung ist die Epistaxis. Die Therapie besteht aus einem mehrstufigen Behandlungskonzept, das neben Nasenpflege und der Lasertherapie in örtlicher Betäubung auch medikamentöse Therapien sowie operative Eingriffe in Vollnarkose umfasst. Zusätzlich erfolgt ein Screening zur Erfassung der Beteiligung innerer Organe in enger interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit den entsprechenden Fachabteilungen. Eine Behandlung der Läsionen im Bereich der (Schleim-) Haut, des Magen-Darm-Trakts und der Leber erfolgt symptomorientiert, wohingegen Gefäßmalformationen der Lunge und des zentralen Nervensystems aufgrund potenzieller und zum Teil bedrohlicher Komplikationen gelegentlich auch ohne subjektive Beschwerden behandlungsbedürftig sind.
Bismuth(V)-Mediated C–H Arylation of Phenols and Naphthols
Authors: Ball Liam T. , Senior Aaron
Published: September 2020

We recently reported a general and practical strategy for the Bi(V)-mediated C–H arylation of phenols and naphthols. Our telescoped protocol proceeds via transmetallation from readily available arylboronic acids to a stable Bi(III) precursor, oxidation to a reactive Bi(V) intermediate, and subsequent ortho-selective phenol arylation. The process exhibits broad scope with respect to both components and tolerates functionality that is incompatible with conventional cross-coupling methods. Preliminary investigations provide insight into the mechanism of each key reaction step.

1 Introduction

2 Design of a Modular and Practical Arylating System

3 B-to-Bi Transmetallation: Scope and Mechanism

4 Oxidative C–H Arylation: Exemplification and Mechanism

5 Conclusionsions
Photo-NHC Catalysis: Accessing Ketone Photochemistry with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hopkinson Matthew N. , Mavroskoufis Andreas
Published: September 2020

Excitation of carbonyl groups is one of the most widely employed activation modes in photochemistry. Many synthetically important transformations, however, are successful only with aldehydes and ketones; substrates at the carboxylic acid oxidation level remain underrepresented. We have developed a conceptually novel strategy for enabling ‘ketone-like’ photochemistry with carboxylic acid derivatives that employs an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalyst. Using this ‘Photo-NHC’ catalysis approach, a proof-of-concept photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction between acid fluorides and trifluoroacetophenones was developed. Stoichiometric studies and TD-DFT calculations supported a mechanistic scenario in which the NHC influences the absorption wavelength and inherent photochemical reactivity of the carbonyl group during the catalytic cycle.

1 Introduction

2 Photo-NHC Catalysis

3 Conclusions
Biological Basis of Treatments of Acute Muscle Injuries: A Short Review
Authors: Beggs Ian
Published: September 2020

Muscle strains occur frequently in recreational and professional sports. This article considers various treatment options in a biological context and reviews evidence of their efficacy. Treatments reviewed include the PRICE principle (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), early mobilization, physical therapy, hematoma aspiration, platelet-rich plasma injections, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics, cellular therapies, and surgery.