bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking frequency to bilingual switch costs during real-time sentence comprehension
Authors: Salig Lauren K. , Valdés Kroff Jorge R. , Slevc L. Robert , Novick Jared M.
Published: May 2023

Bilinguals experience processing costs when comprehending code-switches, yet the magnitude of the cost fluctuates depending on numerous factors. We tested whether switch costs vary based on the frequency of different types of code-switches, as estimated from natural corpora of bilingual speech and text. Spanish–English bilinguals in the U.S. read single-language and code-switched sentences in a self-paced task. Sentence regions containing code-switches were read more slowly than single-language control regions, consistent with the idea that integrating a code-switch poses a processing challenge. Crucially, more frequent code-switches elicited significantly smaller costs both within and across most classes of switch types (e.g., within verb phrases and when comparing switches at verb-phrase and noun-phrase sites). The results suggest that, in addition to learning distributions of syntactic and semantic patterns, bilinguals develop finely tuned expectations about code-switching behavior – representing one reason why code-switching in naturalistic contexts may not be particularly costly.
A cognitive–behavioral model of dyspnea: Qualitative interviews with individuals with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Lo Stephen B. , Svensson Aubrey D. , Presley Carolyn J. , Andersen Barbara L.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is the subjective experience of breathing discomfort and is a common, distressing, and debilitating symptom of lung cancer. There are no efficacious pharmacological treatments, but there is suggestive evidence that cognitive–behavioral treatments could relieve dyspnea. For this, understanding the psychological, behavioral, and social factors that may affect dyspnea severity is critical. To this end, patients with dyspnea were interviewed with questions framed by the cognitive–behavioral model—emphasizing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors as contributors and outcomes of dyspnea.

Methods

Two trained individuals conducted semi-structured interviews with lung cancer patients (N = 15) reporting current dyspnea. Interviews assessed patients’ cognitive–behavioral experiences with dyspnea. Study personnel used a grounded theory approach for qualitative analysis to code the interviews. Inter-rater reliability of codes was high (κ = 0.90).

Results

Thoughts: Most common were patients’ catastrophic thoughts about their health and receiving enough oxygen when breathless. Emotions: Anxiety about dyspnea was the most common, followed by anger, sadness, and shame related to dyspnea. Behaviors: Patients rested and took deep breaths to relieve acute episodes of dyspnea. To reduce the likelihood of dyspnea, patients planned their daily activity or reduced their physical activity at the expense of engagement in hobbies and functional activities.

Significance of results

Patients identified cognitive–behavioral factors (thoughts, emotions, and behaviors) that coalesce with dyspnea. The data provide meaningful insights into potential cognitive–behavioral interventions that could target contributors to dyspnea.
Substorm Triggering by the Solar Wind
Authors: McPherron Robert L.
Published: May 2023

The coupling function monitors solar wind driving of geomagnetic activity. Magnetic indices, including the polar cap (PC) index, the auroral lower (AL) index, and the midlatitude positive bay index (MPB), provide measures of the magnetospheric response. Sharp changes in these are associated with the onset of a substorm and a maximum in coupling. Many reinterpret this association as evidence that northward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) trigger onset. We investigate this hypothesis using a list of over 100,000 negative bay onsets. When data are available, we calculate coupling and its time derivatives. From these, we construct ensembles of data segments centered on the onsets.`For all lists, a pulse occurs 20 min before onset and appears to trigger onset. By correlating the average derivative with every event in the ensemble, we conclude that a pulse of either sign precedes 40% of all onsets. More than half of the triggered onsets display a positive pulse, and slightly fewer show a negative pulse. Substorms following a positive pulse are stronger than those after a negative pulse. The pulse is usually hidden by noise, but ensemble averaging and correlation analysis can detect the pulse in the coupling data.
Petrological Traverse of the Olivine Cumulate Séítah Formation at Jezero Crater, Mars: A Perspective From SuperCam Onboard Perseverance
Authors: Beyssac O. , Forni O. , Cousin A. , Udry A. , Kah L. C. , Mandon L. , Clavé O. E. , Liu Y. , Poulet F. , Quantin Nataf C. , Gasnault O. , Johnson J. R. , Benzerara K. , Beck P. , Dehouck E. , Mangold N. , Alvarez Llamas C. , Anderson R. B. , Arana G. , Barnes R. , Bernard S. , Bosak T. , Brown A. J. , Castro K. , Chide B. , Clegg S. M. , Cloutis E. , Fouchet T. , Gabriel T. , Gupta S. , Lacombe G. , Lasue J. , Le Mouelic S. , Lopez‐Reyes G. , Madariaga J. M. , McCubbin F. M. , McLennan S. M. , Manrique J. A. , Meslin P. Y. , Montmessin F. , Núñez J. , Ollila A. M. , Ostwald A. , Pilleri P. , Pinet P. , Royer C. , Sharma S. K. , Schröder S. , Simon J. I. , Toplis M. J. , Veneranda M. , Willis P. A. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. ,   The SuperCam Team
Published: May 2023

Séítah is the stratigraphically lowest formation visited by Perseverance in the Jezero crater floor. We present the data obtained by SuperCam: texture by imagery, chemistry by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and mineralogy by Supercam Visible and Infrared reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. The Séítah formation consists of igneous, weakly altered rocks dominated by millimeter‐sized grains of olivine with the presence of low‐Ca and high‐Ca pyroxenes, and other primary minerals (e.g., plagioclase, Cr‐Fe‐Ti oxides, phosphates). Along a ∼140 m long section in Séítah, SuperCam analyses showed evidence of geochemical and mineralogical variations, from the contact with the overlying Máaz formation, going deeper in the formation. Bulk rock and olivine Mg#, grain size, olivine content increase gradually further from the contact. Along the section, olivine Mg# is not in equilibrium with the bulk rock Mg#, indicating local olivine accumulation. These observations are consistent with Séítah being the deep ultramafic member of a cumulate series derived from the fractional crystallization and slow cooling of the parent magma at depth. Possible magmatic processes and exhumation mechanisms of Séítah are discussed. Séítah rocks show some affinity with some rocks at Gusev crater, and with some Martian meteorites suggesting that such rocks are not rare on the surface of Mars. Séítah is part of the Nili Fossae regional olivine‐carbonate unit observed from orbit. Future exploration of Perseverance on the rim and outside of the crater will help determine if the observations from the crater floor can be extrapolated to the whole unit or if this unit is composed of distinct sub‐units with various origins.
SIR‐HUXt—A Particle Filter Data Assimilation Scheme for CME Time‐Elongation Profiles
Authors: Barnard Luke , Owens Mathew , Scott Chris , Lang Matthew , Lockwood Mike
Published: May 2023

We present SIR‐HUXt, the integration of a sequential importance resampling data assimilation scheme with the HUXt solar wind model. SIR‐HUXt assimilates the time‐elongation profiles of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) fronts in the low heliosphere, like those extracted from heliospheric imager (HI) data. Observing System Simulation Experiments are used to explore SIR‐HUXt's performance for a simple synthetic CME scenario of an Earth directed CME in a uniform solar wind, where the CME is initialized with the average CME speed and width. These experiments are performed for a range of observer locations, from 20° to 90° behind Earth, spanning the L5 point where ESA's Vigil mission will return HI data for operational space weather forecasting. For this idealized scenario, SIR‐HUXt performs well at constraining the CME speed, and has some success at constraining the CME longitude while the CME width is largely unconstrained by SIR‐HUXt. Rank‐histograms suggest the SIR‐HUXt ensembles are well calibrated, with no indications of bias or under/over dispersion. Improved constraints on the initial CME speed lead to improvements in the CME transit time and arrival speed. For an L5 observer, SIR‐HUXt reduced the transit time and arrival speed uncertainties by 69% and 63%. Therefore, SIR‐HUXt could improve the real‐world representivity of HUXt simulations and reduce the uncertainty of CME arrival time forecasts. The idealized scenario studied here likely enhances SIR‐HUXt's performance relative to the challenge of simulating real‐world CMEs and solar wind conditions. Future work should validate SIR‐HUXt with case studies of real CMEs in structured solar wind.
What Is the Radiation Impact of Extreme Solar Energetic Particle Events on Mars?
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guo Jingnan , Dobynde Mikhail I.
Published: May 2023

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) are one of the major sources of the Martian radiation environment. It is important to understand the SEP‐induced Martian radiation environment for future human habitats on Mars. Due to the lack of a global intrinsic magnetic field, Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) can directly propagate through and interact with its atmosphere before reaching the surface and subsurface of Mars. Mars has many high mountains and low‐altitude craters where the atmospheric thickness can be more than 10 times different than one another. The SEP‐induced surface radiation level may therefore be very different from one location to another. We thus consider the influence of the atmospheric depths on the Martian radiation levels including the absorbed dose, dose equivalent, and (human‐)body effective dose induced by SEPs at varying heights above and below the Martian surface. The state‐of‐the‐art Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator based on GEometry And Tracking Monte‐Carlo method has been employed for simulating particle interactions with the Martian atmosphere and terrain. We find that even the thinnest Martian atmosphere reduces radiation dose from that in deep space by at least 65%, and the shielding effect increases for denser atmosphere. Furthermore, we present a method to quickly forecast the SEP‐induced radiation in different regions of Mars with different surface pressures.
Yersinia pestis genomes reveal plague in Britain 4000 years ago
Authors: Swali Pooja , Schulting Rick , Gilardet Alexandre , Kelly Monica , Anastasiadou Kyriaki , Glocke Isabelle , McCabe Jesse , Williams Mia , Audsley Tony , Loe Louise , Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Ordoño Javier , Walker David , Clare Tom , Cook Geoff , Hodkinson Ian , Simpson Mark , Read Stephen , Davy Tom , Silva Marina , Hajdinjak Mateja , Bergström Anders , Booth Thomas , Skoglund Pontus
Published: May 2023

Extinct lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague, have been identified in several individuals from Eurasia between 5000 and 2500 years before present (BP). One of these, termed the ‘LNBA lineage’ (Late Neolithic and Bronze Age), has been suggested to have spread into Europe with human groups expanding from the Eurasian steppe. Here, we show that the LNBA plague was spread to Europe’s northwestern periphery by sequencing three Yersinia pestis genomes from Britain, all dating to ~4000 cal BP. Two individuals were from an unusual mass burial context in Charterhouse Warren, Somerset, and one individual was from a single burial under a ring cairn monument in Levens, Cumbria. To our knowledge, this represents the earliest evidence of LNBA plague in Britain documented to date. All three British Yersinia pestis genomes belong to a sublineage previously observed in Bronze Age individuals from Central Europe that had lost the putative virulence factor yapC. This sublineage is later found in Eastern Asia ~3200 cal BP. While the severity of the disease is currently unclear, the wide geographic distribution within a few centuries suggests substantial transmissibility.
Allosteric regulation of the 20S proteasome by the Catalytic Core Regulators (CCRs) family
Authors: Deshmukh Fanindra Kumar , Ben-Nissan Gili , Olshina Maya A. , Füzesi-Levi Maria G. , Polkinghorn Caley , Arkind Galina , Leushkin Yegor , Fainer Irit , Fleishman Sarel J. , Tawfik Dan , Sharon Michal
Published: May 2023

Controlled degradation of proteins is necessary for ensuring their abundance and sustaining a healthy and accurately functioning proteome. One of the degradation routes involves the uncapped 20S proteasome, which cleaves proteins with a partially unfolded region, including those that are damaged or contain intrinsically disordered regions. This degradation route is tightly controlled by a recently discovered family of proteins named Catalytic Core Regulators (CCRs). Here, we show that CCRs function through an allosteric mechanism, coupling the physical binding of the PSMB4 β-subunit with attenuation of the complex’s three proteolytic activities. In addition, by dissecting the structural properties that are required for CCR-like function, we could recapitulate this activity using a designed protein that is half the size of natural CCRs. These data uncover an allosteric path that does not involve the proteasome’s enzymatic subunits but rather propagates through the non-catalytic subunit PSMB4. This way of 20S proteasome-specific attenuation opens avenues for decoupling the 20S and 26S proteasome degradation pathways as well as for developing selective 20S proteasome inhibitors.
Traces of electron-phonon coupling in one-dimensional cuprates
Authors: Tang Ta , Moritz Brian , Peng Cheng , Shen Zhi-Xun , Devereaux Thomas P.
Published: May 2023

The appearance of certain spectral features in one-dimensional (1D) cuprate materials has been attributed to a strong, extended attractive coupling between electrons. Here, using time-dependent density matrix renormalization group methods on a Hubbard-extended Holstein model, we show that extended electron-phonon (e–ph) coupling presents an obvious choice to produce such an attractive interaction that reproduces the observed spectral features and doping dependence seen in angle-resolved photoemission experiments: diminished 3kF spectral weight, prominent spectral intensity of a holon-folding branch, and the correct holon band width. While extended e–ph coupling does not qualitatively alter the ground state of the 1D system compared to the Hubbard model, it quantitatively enhances the long-range superconducting correlations and suppresses spin correlations. Such an extended e–ph interaction may be an important missing ingredient in describing the physics of the structurally similar two-dimensional high-temperature superconducting layered cuprates, which may tip the balance between intertwined orders in favor of uniform d-wave superconductivity.
Chemical design of electronic and magnetic energy scales of tetravalent praseodymium materials
Authors: Ramanathan Arun , Kaplan Jensen , Sergentu Dumitru-Claudiu , Branson Jacob A. , Ozerov Mykhaylo , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Minasian Stefan G. , Autschbach Jochen , Freeland John W. , Jiang Zhigang , Mourigal Martin , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: May 2023

Lanthanides in the trivalent oxidation state are typically described using an ionic picture that leads to localized magnetic moments. The hierarchical energy scales associated with trivalent lanthanides produce desirable properties for e.g., molecular magnetism, quantum materials, and quantum transduction. Here, we show that this traditional ionic paradigm breaks down for praseodymium in the tetravalent oxidation state. Synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical tools deployed on several solid-state Pr4+-oxides uncover the unusual participation of 4f orbitals in bonding and the anomalous hybridization of the 4f1 configuration with ligand valence electrons, analogous to transition metals. The competition between crystal-field and spin-orbit-coupling interactions fundamentally transforms the spin-orbital magnetism of Pr4+, which departs from the Jeff = 1/2 limit and resembles that of high-valent actinides. Our results show that Pr4+ ions are in a class on their own, where the hierarchy of single-ion energy scales can be tailored to explore new correlated phenomena in quantum materials.
Molecular patterns identify distinct subclasses of myeloid neoplasia
Authors: Kewan Tariq , Durmaz Arda , Bahaj Waled , Gurnari Carmelo , Terkawi Laila , Awada Hussein , Ogbue Olisaemeka D. , Ahmed Ramsha , Pagliuca Simona , Awada Hassan , Kubota Yasuo , Mori Minako , Ponvilawan Ben , Al-Share Bayan , Patel Bhumika J. , Carraway Hetty E. , Scott Jacob , Balasubramanian Suresh K. , Bat Taha , Madanat Yazan , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Haferlach Torsten , Visconte Valeria , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P.
Published: May 2023

Genomic mutations drive the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. While morphological and clinical features have dominated the classical criteria for diagnosis and classification, incorporation of molecular data can illuminate functional pathobiology. Here we show that unsupervised machine learning can identify functional objective molecular clusters, irrespective of anamnestic clinico-morphological features, despite the complexity of the molecular alterations in myeloid neoplasia. Our approach reflects disease evolution, informed classification, prognostication, and molecular interactions. We apply machine learning methods on 3588 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and secondary acute myeloid leukemia to identify 14 molecularly distinct clusters. Remarkably, our model shows clinical implications in terms of overall survival and response to treatment even after adjusting to the molecular international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-M). In addition, the model is validated on an external cohort of 412 patients. Our subclassification model is available via a web-based open-access resource (https://drmz.shinyapps.io/mds_latent).
Antigen recognition detains CD8+ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown
Authors: Aydin Sidar , Pareja Javier , Schallenberg Vivianne M. , Klopstein Armelle , Gruber Thomas , Page Nicolas , Bouillet Elisa , Blanchard Nicolas , Liblau Roland , Körbelin Jakob , Schwaninger Markus , Johnson Aaron J. , Schenk Mirjam , Deutsch Urban , Merkler Doron , Engelhardt Britta
Published: May 2023

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8+ T cells are found in MS lesions, and antigen (Ag) presentation at the BBB has been proposed to promote CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS. Here, we show that brain endothelial cells process and cross-present Ag, leading to effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. Under physiological flow in vitro, endothelial Ag presentation prevented CD8+ T cell crawling and diapedesis resulting in brain endothelial cell apoptosis and BBB breakdown. Brain endothelial Ag presentation in vivo was limited due to Ag uptake by CNS-resident macrophages but still reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells within CNS microvessels. MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation at the BBB during neuroinflammation thus prohibits CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS and triggers CD8+ T cell-mediated focal BBB breakdown.
Lysyl oxidase-like 3 restrains mitochondrial ferroptosis to promote liver cancer chemoresistance by stabilizing dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
Authors: Zhan Meixiao , Ding Yufeng , Huang Shanzhou , Liu Yuhang , Xiao Jing , Yu Hua , Lu Ligong , Wang Xiongjun
Published: May 2023

To overcome chemotherapy resistance, novel strategies sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy are required. Here, we screen the lysyl-oxidase (LOX) family to clarify its contribution to chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer. LOXL3 depletion significantly sensitizes liver cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by inducing ferroptosis. Chemotherapy-activated EGFR signaling drives LOXL3 to interact with TOM20, causing it to be hijacked into mitochondria, where LOXL3 lysyl-oxidase activity is reinforced by phosphorylation at S704. Metabolic adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) directly phosphorylates LOXL3-S704. Phosphorylated LOXL3-S704 targets dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and stabilizes it by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. K344-deubiquitinated DHODH accumulates in mitochondria, in turn inhibiting chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated site-mutation of mouse LOXL3-S704 to D704 causes a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Using an advanced liver cancer mouse model, we further reveal that low-dose Oxaliplatin in combination with the DHODH-inhibitor Leflunomide effectively inhibit liver cancer progression by inducing ferroptosis, with increased chemotherapy sensitivity and decreased chemotherapy toxicity.
Facile conversion of water to functional molecules and cross-linked polymeric films with efficient clusteroluminescence
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Jianyu , Zhou Jiadong , Qin Anjun , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2023

Exploring approaches to utilize abundant water to synthesize functional molecules and polymers with efficient clusteroluminescence properties is highly significant but has yet to be reported. Herein, a chemistry of water and alkyne is developed. The synthesized products are proven as nonaromatic clusteroluminogens that could emit visible light. Their emission colors and luminescent efficiency could be adjusted by manipulating through-space interaction using different starting materials. Besides, the free-standing polymeric films with much high photoluminescence quantum yields (up to 45.7%) are in situ generated via a water-involved interfacial polymerization. The interfacial polymerization-enhanced emission of the polymeric films is observed, where the emission red-shifts and efficiency increases when the polymerization time is prolonged. The synthesized polymeric film is also verified as a Janus film. It exhibits a vapor-triggered reversible mechanical response which could be applied as a smart actuator. Thus, this work develops a method to synthesize clusteroluminogens using water, builds a clear structure-property relationship of clusteroluminogens, and provides a strategy to in situ construct functional water-based polymeric films.
Data-driven direct diagnosis of Li-ion batteries connected to photovoltaics
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Costa Nahuel , Matthews Dax
Published: May 2023

Photovoltaics supply a growing share of power to the electric grid worldwide. To mitigate resource intermittency issues, these systems are increasingly being paired with electrochemical energy storage devices, e.g., Li-ion batteries, for which ensuring long and safe operation is critical. However, in this operation framework, secondary Li-ion batteries undergo sporadic usage, which prevents the application of standard diagnostic methods. Here, we propose a diagnostic methodology that uses machine learning algorithms trained directly on data obtained from photovoltaic charging of Li-ion batteries. The training is carried out on synthetic voltage data at various degradation conditions calculated from clear sky model irradiance data. The method is validated using synthetic voltage responses calculated from plane of array irradiance observations for a photovoltaic system located in Maui, HI, USA. We report an average root mean square error of 2.75% obtained for more than 10,000 different degradation paths with 25% or less degradation on the Li-ion cells.
Unraveling chirality transfer mechanism by structural isomer-derived hydrogen bonding interaction in 2D chiral perovskite
Authors: Son Jaehyun , Ma Sunihl , Jung Young-Kwang , Tan Jeiwan , Jang Gyumin , Lee Hyungsoo , Lee Chan Uk , Lee Junwoo , Moon Subin , Jeong Wooyong , Walsh Aron , Moon Jooho
Published: May 2023

In principle, the induced chirality of hybrid perovskites results from symmetry-breaking within inorganic frameworks. However, the detailed mechanism behind the chirality transfer remains unknown due to the lack of systematic studies. Here, using the structural isomer with different functional group location, we deduce the effect of hydrogen-bonding interaction between two building blocks on the degree of chirality transfer in inorganic frameworks. The effect of asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interaction on chirality transfer was clearly demonstrated by thorough experimental analysis. Systematic studies of crystallography parameters confirm that the different asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions derived from different functional group location play a key role in chirality transfer phenomena and the resulting spin-related properties of chiral perovskites. The methodology to control the asymmetry of hydrogen-bonding interaction through the small structural difference of structure isomer cation can provide rational design paradigm for unprecedented spin-related properties of chiral perovskite.
The global power sector’s low-carbon transition may enhance sustainable development goal achievement
Authors: Peng Kun , Feng Kuishuang , Chen Bin , Shan Yuli , Zhang Ning , Wang Peng , Fang Kai , Bai Yanchao , Zou Xiaowei , Wei Wendong , Geng Xinyi , Zhang Yiyi , Li Jiashuo
Published: May 2023

The low-carbon power transition, which is key to combatting climate change, has far-reaching effects on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in terms of issues such as resource use, environmental emissions, employment, and many more. Here, we assess the potential impacts of the power transition on progress toward achieving multiple SDGs (covering 18 targets across the 17 goals) across 49 economies under nine socioeconomic and climate scenarios. We find that the low-carbon power transition under the representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6 scenarios could lead to an approximately 11% improvement in the global SDG index score from 54.70 in 2015 to 59.89-61.33 in 2100. However, the improvement would be significantly decreased to 4.42%-7.40% and 7.55%-8.93% under the RCP6.0 and RCP4.5 scenarios, respectively. The power transition could improve the overall SDG index in most developed economies under all scenarios while undermining their resource-related SDG scores. Power transition-induced changes in international trade would improve the SDG progress of developed economies but jeopardize that of developing economies, which usually serve as resource hubs for meeting the demand for low-carbon power transition in developed economies.
A 5-emotions stimuli set for emotion perception research with full-body dance movements
Authors: Christensen Julia F. , Bruhn Laura , Schmidt Eva-Madeleine , Bahmanian Nasimeh , Yazdi Sina H. N. , Farahi Fahima , Sancho-Escanero Luisa , Menninghaus Winfried
Published: May 2023

Ekman famously contended that there are different channels of emotional expression (face, voice, body), and that emotion recognition ability confers an adaptive advantage to the individual. Yet, still today, much emotion perception research is focussed on emotion recognition from the face, and few validated emotionally expressive full-body stimuli sets are available. Based on research on emotional speech perception, we created a new, highly controlled full-body stimuli set. We used the same-sequence approach, and not emotional actions (e.g., jumping of joy, recoiling in fear): One professional dancer danced 30 sequences of (dance) movements five times each, expressing joy, anger, fear, sadness or a neutral state, one at each repetition. We outline the creation of a total of 150, 6-s-long such video stimuli, that show the dancer as a white silhouette on a black background. Ratings from 90 participants (emotion recognition, aesthetic judgment) showed that intended emotion was recognized above chance (chance: 20%; joy: 45%, anger: 48%, fear: 37%, sadness: 50%, neutral state: 51%), and that aesthetic judgment was sensitive to the intended emotion (beauty ratings: joy > anger > fear > neutral state, and sad > fear > neutral state). The stimuli set, normative values and code are available for download.
The draft genome sequence of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis towards an understanding of horn formation
Authors: Morita Shinichi , Shibata Tomoko F. , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Kobayashi Yuuki , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Toga Kouhei , Ohde Takahiro , Gotoh Hiroki , Kojima Takaaki , Weber Jesse N. , Salvemini Marco , Bino Takahiro , Mase Mutsuki , Nakata Moe , Mori Tomoko , Mori Shogo , Cornette Richard , Sakura Kazuki , Lavine Laura C. , Emlen Douglas J. , Niimi Teruyuki , Shigenobu Shuji
Published: May 2023

The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is a giant beetle with distinctive exaggerated horns present on the head and prothoracic regions of the male. T. dichotomus has been used as a research model in various fields such as evolutionary developmental biology, ecology, ethology, biomimetics, and drug discovery. In this study, de novo assembly of 615 Mb, representing 80% of the genome estimated by flow cytometry, was obtained using the 10 × Chromium platform. The scaffold N50 length of the genome assembly was 8.02 Mb, with repetitive elements predicted to comprise 49.5% of the assembly. In total, 23,987 protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome. In addition, de novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome yielded a contig of 20,217 bp. We also analyzed the transcriptome by generating 16 RNA-seq libraries from a variety of tissues of both sexes and developmental stages, which allowed us to identify 13 co-expressed gene modules. We focused on the genes related to horn formation and obtained new insights into the evolution of the gene repertoire and sexual dimorphism as exemplified by the sex-specific splicing pattern of the doublesex gene. This genomic information will be an excellent resource for further functional and evolutionary analyses, including the evolutionary origin and genetic regulation of beetle horns and the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism.
Forty thousand kilometers under quantum protection
Authors: Kirsanov N. S. , Pastushenko V. A. , Kodukhov A. D. , Yarovikov M. V. , Sagingalieva A. B. , Kronberg D. A. , Pflitsch M. , Vinokur V. M.
Published: May 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary cryptography response to the rapidly growing cyberattacks threat posed by quantum computing. Yet, the roadblock limiting the vast expanse of secure quantum communication is the exponential decay of the transmitted quantum signal with the distance. Today’s quantum cryptography is trying to solve this problem by focusing on quantum repeaters. However, efficient and secure quantum repetition at sufficient distances is still far beyond modern technology. Here, we shift the paradigm and build the long-distance security of the QKD upon the quantum foundations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and end-to-end physical oversight over the transmitted optical quantum states. Our approach enables us to realize quantum states’ repetition by optical amplifiers keeping states’ wave properties and phase coherence. The unprecedented secure distance range attainable through our approach opens the door for the development of scalable quantum-resistant communication networks of the future.
Cardiovascular characterisation of a novel mouse model that combines hypertension and diabetes co-morbidities
Authors: Sharma Arpeeta , Choi Judy S. Y. , Watson Anna M. D. , Li Leila , Sonntag Thomas , Lee Man K. S. , Murphy Andrew J. , De Blasio Miles , Head Geoffrey A. , Ritchie Rebecca H. , de Haan Judy B.
Published: May 2023

Epidemiologic data suggest that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus is ∼1.5–2.0 times greater than in matched non-diabetic patients. This co-existent disease burden exacerbates cardiac and vascular injury, leading to structural and functional changes to the myocardium, impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Oxidative stress and persistent low-grade inflammation underlie both conditions, and are identified as major contributors to pathological cardiac remodelling. There is an urgent need for effective therapies that specifically target oxidative stress and inflammation to protect against cardiac remodelling. Animal models are a valuable tool for testing emerging therapeutics, however, there is a notable lack of appropriate animal models of co-morbid diabetes and hypertension. In this study, we describe a novel preclinical mouse model combining diabetes and hypertension to investigate cardiac and vascular pathology of co-morbid disease. Type 1 diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive, 8-week old, male Schlager (BPH/2) mice via 5 consecutive, daily injections of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg in citrate buffer; i.p.). Non-diabetic mice received citrate buffer only. After 10 weeks of diabetes induction, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography prior to post-mortem evaluation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation by histology, RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We focussed on the oxidative and inflammatory stress pathways that contribute to cardiovascular remodelling. In particular, we demonstrate that markers of inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein; MCP-1), oxidative stress (urinary 8-isoprostanes) and fibrosis (connective tissue growth factor; CTGF) are significantly increased, whilst diastolic dysfunction, as indicated by prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), is elevated in this diabetic and hypertensive mouse model. In summary, this pre-clinical mouse model provides researchers with a tool to test therapeutic strategies unique to co-morbid diabetes and hypertension, thereby facilitating the emergence of novel therapeutics to combat the cardiovascular consequences of these debilitating co-morbidities.
An interaction and feedback mechanism-based group decision-making for emergency medical supplies supplier selection using T-spherical fuzzy information
Authors: Gurmani Shahid Hussain , Zhang Zhao , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Askar Sameh
Published: May 2023

Selecting a supplier for emergency medical supplies during disasters can be considered a typical multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. MAGDM is an intriguing common problem that is rife with ambiguity and uncertainty. It becomes much more challenging when governments and medical care enterprises adjust their priorities in response to the escalating problems and the effectiveness of the actions taken in different countries. As decision-making problems become increasingly complicated nowadays, a growing number of experts are likely to use T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SFSs) rather than exact numbers. T-SFS is a novel extension of fuzzy sets that can fully convey ambiguous and complicated information in MAGDM. The objective of this paper is to propose a MAGDM methodology based on interaction and feedback mechanism (IFM) and T-SFS theory. In it, we first introduce T-SF partitioned Bonferroni mean (T-SFPBM) and T-SF weighted partitioned Bonferroni mean (T-SFWPBM) operators to fuse the evaluation information provided by experts. Then, an IFM is designed to achieve a consensus between multiple experts. In the meantime, we also find the weights of experts by using T-SF information. Furthermore, in light of the combination of IFM and T-SFWPBM operator, an MAGDM algorithm is designed. Finally, an example of supplier selection for emergency medical supplies is provided to demonstrate the viability of the suggested approach. The influence of parameters on decision results and comparative analysis with the existing methods confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the suggested approach.
Transcriptional analysis reveals that the intracellular lipid accumulation impairs gene expression profiles involved in insulin response-associated cardiac functionality
Authors: Actis Dato Virginia , Paz María C. , Rey Federico E. , Sánchez María C. , Llorente-Cortés Vicenta , Chiabrando Gustavo A. , Ceschin Danilo G.
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a multisystemic and multicellular pathology that is generally associated with high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in circulation. These lipoproteins tend to be retained and modified, for example, aggregated low-density lipoprotein (aggLDL), in the extracellular matrix of different tissues, such as the vascular wall and heart. The uptake of aggLDL generates a significant increase in cholesteryl ester (CE) in these tissues. We previously found that the accumulation of CE generates alterations in the insulin response in the heart. Although the insulin response is mainly associated with the uptake and metabolism of glucose, other studies have shown that insulin would fulfill functions in this tissue, such as regulating the calcium cycle and cardiac contractility. Here, we found that aggLDL induced-lipid accumulation altered the gene expression profile involved in processes essential for cardiac functionality, including insulin response and glucose uptake (Insr, Ins1, Pik3ip1, Slc2a4 gene expression), calcium cycle (Cacna1s and Gjc2 gene expression) and calcium-dependent cardiac contractility (Myh3), and cholesterol efflux (Abca1), in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. These observations were recapitulated using an in vivo model of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-KO mice. Altogether, these results may explain the deleterious effect of lipid accumulation in the myocardium, with important implications for lipid-overloaded associated CVD, including impaired insulin response, disrupted lipid metabolism, altered cardiac structure, and increased susceptibility to cardiovascular events.
Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula
Authors: Chung Yousun , Kim Han Joo , Kim Hyungsuk , Hwang Sang-Hyun , Oh Heung-Bum , Ko Dae-Hyun
Published: May 2023

Previous studies on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens have utilized a formula incorporating antigen frequencies and relative frequencies of unexpected antibodies to the corresponding antigens. This study was aimed at investigating other variables potentially affecting the estimation of immunogenicity using this formula. We examined the effect of multiple transfusions, as there are more chance for a recipient to receive repeated transfusions rather than only once; the effect of antigen density, which may vary depending on homozygote/heterozygote; and the effect of unreliability of the observed frequency of rare antibodies and antigens. For multiple transfusions, the expected antibody frequency increased as the number of transfusions increased. For antigen density, the immunogenicity was falsely low for the low-prevalence antigen, and this tendency intensified as the effect of antigen density increased. Expected antibody frequencies were significantly affected by the uncertainties caused by estimation of small numbers. This study showed that the effects of various factors on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens depended on the antigen frequency. Estimating the immunogenicity of blood group antigens requires acknowledging the diverse factors that can affect it and interpreting the findings with caution.
Atmospheric aerosol size distribution impacts radiative effects over the Himalayas via modulating aerosol single-scattering albedo
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Yu Zeren , Cui Chen , Huang Jianping , Kang Chenliang , Shi Jinsen , Cao Xianjie , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

The single-scattering albedo (SSA) of atmospheric aerosols is a key parameter that controls aerosol radiative effects. The variation of SSA is thought to be mainly regulated by aerosol absorption in the Himalayas and South Asia, but observations contradict this idea. In situ field campaigns conducted over two Himalayan sites revealed that SSA was strongly dependent on scattering but weakly correlated with absorption. Observational results combined with the Mie theory further illustrated that SSA was primarily modulated by size distribution rather than absorption. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data showed similar impacts of size distribution on SSA and that aerosol radiative forcing efficiencies were significantly dependent on SSA. Aerosol size distribution therefore considerably affects radiative forcing by modulating aerosol SSA over the Himalayas. This study highlighted the influence of aerosol size distribution on radiative forcing over the Himalayas, which has important implications for understanding aerosol radiative effects globally.
Future climate change will increase risk to mangrove health in Northern Australia
Authors: Chung Christine T. Y. , Hope Pandora , Hutley Lindsay B. , Brown Josephine , Duke Norman C.
Published: May 2023

Mangroves of the wet-dry tropical Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, survive in a harsh environment. One of the worst recorded mangrove dieback events occurred during the El Niño of 2015 following an extreme, two-year sea level drop, illustrating that enhanced climate variability can exacerbate major stressors for these ecosystems. As well as sea level variability, maximum daily temperatures in the Gulf of Carpentaria are also linked to climate variability and change, and may play an important role in overall mangrove health. Here we address how these two factors: sea level variability and maximum daily temperatures, are projected to change under several future emissions scenarios. Climate projections from the sixth generation of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project indicate an increased occurrence of anomalously low and high sea level events in the coming century. This, alongside enhanced temperature stress, is likely to significantly increase risk to mangrove health in this region. The rate of increase of low and high sea level events, and high temperature events, is scenario-dependent, and is largest for a high-emissions scenario.
Rapid digital pathology of H&E-stained fresh human brain specimens as an alternative to frozen biopsy
Authors: Borah Bhaskar Jyoti , Tseng Yao-Chen , Wang Kuo-Chuan , Wang Huan-Chih , Huang Hsin-Yi , Chang Koping , Lin Jhih Rong , Liao Yi-Hua , Sun Chi-Kuang
Published: May 2023

Background

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-based frozen section (FS) pathology is presently the global standard for intraoperative tumor assessment (ITA). Preparation of frozen section is labor intensive, which might consume up-to 30 minutes, and is susceptible to freezing artifacts. An FS-alternative technique is thus necessary, which is sectioning-free, artifact-free, fast, accurate, and reliably deployable without machine learning and/or additional interpretation training.

Methods

We develop a training-free true-H&E Rapid Fresh digital-Pathology (the-RFP) technique which is 4 times faster than the conventional preparation of frozen sections. The-RFP is assisted by a mesoscale Nonlinear Optical Gigascope (mNLOG) platform with a streamlined rapid artifact-compensated 2D large-field mosaic-stitching (rac2D-LMS) approach. A sub-6-minute True-H&E Rapid whole-mount-Soft-Tissue Staining (the-RSTS) protocol is introduced for soft/frangible fresh brain specimens. The mNLOG platform utilizes third harmonic generation (THG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signals from H and E dyes, respectively, to yield the-RFP images.

Results

We demonstrate the-RFP technique on fresh excised human brain specimens. The-RFP enables optically-sectioned high-resolution 2D scanning and digital display of a 1 cm2 area in <120 seconds with 3.6 Gigapixels at a sustained effective throughput of >700 M bits/sec, with zero post-acquisition data/image processing. Training-free blind tests considering 50 normal and tumor-specific brain specimens obtained from 8 participants reveal 100% match to the respective formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-biopsy outcomes.

Conclusions

We provide a digital ITA solution: the-RFP, which is potentially a fast and reliable alternative to FS-pathology. With H&E-compatibility, the-RFP eliminates color- and morphology-specific additional interpretation training for a pathologist, and the-RFP-assessed specimen can reliably undergo FFPE-biopsy confirmation.
Understanding on-site sanitation in rural Fiji: where definitions of sanitation back-ends differ
Authors: Nasim Nabeela , Anthony Shylett , Daurewa Thompson , Gavidi Sikeli , Horwitz Pierre , Jenkins Aaron , Jupiter Stacy , Liu Shuang , Mailautoka Kinikoto , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Naivalu Kelera , Naivalulevu Timoci , Naivalulevu Vilisi , Naucunivanua Sikeli , Negin Joel , Ravoka Mereia , Tukana Andrew , Wilson Donald , Thomas Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

This study assessed sanitation infrastructure and maintenance practices in rural Fijian communities. The high prevalence of tank type sanitation back-ends highlights the health and environmental risks.
Encapsulation of propionic acid within the aqueous phase of water-in-oil emulsions: reduced thermal volatilization and enhanced gastrointestinal stability
Authors: Zeng Huaying , Cheng Ce , Xie Youfa , McClements David Julian , Zhang Lu , Wu Xiaolin , Gao Hongxia , Liu Wenjun , Zou Liqiang , Wei Liu
Published: May 2023

Propionic acid (PA) is a water-soluble substance that has been shown to be beneficial for improving colon-related diseases.
Non-viral vaccination through cationic guanidium polymer-pDNA polyplex mediated gene transfer
Authors: Luther David C. , Goswami Ritabrita , Lee Yi-Wei , Jeon Taewon , Huang Rui , Elia James L. , Nagaraj Harini , Bijlsma Jetta J. E. , Piest Martin , Langereis Martijn A. , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: May 2023

Nanotechnology for non-viral vaccination is a rapidly advancing field. Supramolecular assembly between plasmid DNA and a cationic polymer, PONI-Guan enables efficient transfectionin vitroand vaccinationin vivoagainst the Newcastle disease virus.
High-throughput screen with the l,d-transpeptidase LdtMt2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals novel classes of covalently reacting inhibitors
Authors: de Munnik Mariska , Lang Pauline A. , De Dios Anton Francisco , Cacho Mónica , Bates Robert H. , Brem Jürgen , Rodríguez Miquel Beatriz , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

10 000 electrophilic compounds were screened for inhibition of the essential l,d-transpeptidase (LdtMt2) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Potent covalently reacting inhibitors were identified and characterised by protein X-ray and MS studies.
Hamiltonian simulation of quantum beats in radical pairs undergoing thermal relaxation on near-term quantum computers
Authors: Tolunay Meltem , Liepuoniute Ieva , Vyushkova Mariya , Jones Barbara A.
Published: May 2023

Spin dynamics in radical pairs showing quantum beats and with nontrivial nuclear interactions are simulated on a quantum computer. Leveraging the inherent qubit noise provides a remarkable match to paramagnetic relaxation in real lab experiments.
Correction: Surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with ligands: a necessary step for their utility
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kaustav , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V.
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with ligands: a necessary step for their utility’ by Kaustav Bhattacharjee et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 2573–2595, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CS00876E.
An efficient mixed-valence copper pyrazolate catalyst for the conversion of carbon dioxide and epoxides into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Wang Jian-Ge , Liu Yang , Liu Chun-Mei , Chen Jing-Huo , Yang Guang
Published: May 2023

CO2and epoxides were transformed into cyclic carbonates at ambient pressure and room temperature with high yields usingCuI3CuII2(OH)pz6·CH3CN.
Adsorption-photoreduction behaviors and mechanisms of layered double hydroxide loaded on uranium(vi) removal
Authors: Ling Qian , Kuang Peiling , Zhong Xin , Hu Baowei
Published: May 2023

The low-cost NiAl exhibits high efficiency for U(vi) decontamination, involving surface complexation and photocatalytic reduction. The photogenerated electrons and generated ˙O2− radicals reduced the absorbed U(vi) into insoluble UO2(s) and U3O8.