bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stone Dragging Competition for Cattle in Kurnool District.
Authors:   Assitant Director of Agriculture, Cuddapah, K RAGHAVACHARYA
Published: November 2023

The Ceded District ryot is noted for his skill in the use of his cattle for a variety of agricultural operations. The soils of the tract are generally poor, the rainfall low and ill-distributed and the holdings extensive. The climate is also adverse and the ryot is naturally averse to much of human labour. While ploughing, carting, and mhoting where there are deep wells, are all the operations that cattle are set to do in other districts, the work cattle of the Ceded Districts are put to a much wider use. The work cattle draw heavy ploughs in teams of four to six pairs, while the ryots of the Tamil or Circars country think that such work can only be done by elephants. In this tract crushing big clods raised by the use of these ploughs is done by cattle power while in other districts to break much smaller clods raised by the wooden ploughs, manual labour is engaged. Where the stubbles of cotton and sorghum are dug out by manual labour elsewhere, the Ceded District ryot removes them over wide areas by a pleasure drive standing over a blade harrow worked by his cattle.
Posters for Agricultural Propaganda
Authors:   Madras Agricultural Department, R RATNAM
Published: November 2023

The primary object of issuing a poster is to secure atten- tion from the public with regard to the message contained therein. The reader should be instigated to think of the contents of the poster. People moving about in vehicles or on foot who see the poster should be attracted by it. Since such people should get at its meaning in a short space of time, brevity is an absolute necessity. In the field of trade, posters are used to remind people of the merits of known products, to create an interest in new things, and to inform the public of the locality wherefrom particular services or products can be had. By their very nature, posters cannot replace leaflets, since they can never be as comprehensive as leaflets can be. Posters appear to be necessary adjuncts to such popular literature.
Budama kaya (Cucumis pubescens Willd.)-an economic cucurbitaceous plant.
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K CHERIAN JACOB
Published: November 2023

There is considerable confusion in the nomenclature of Cucumis pubescens Willd. It is described by Hooker (1879) as Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Roxburgh (1832) describes this plant as Cucumis madras- patanus Willd. which the Index Kewensis (1895) incorrectly cites as a synonym of Cucumis Melo L.- the well known water-melon. It is figured in Wight's (1845) Icones tablet 496 under the Tamil name Thummatti kai and the Telugu name Budama kaya.
A zona muda das representações sociais sobre gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Calile Otávio
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a zona muda das representações sociais sobre gênero e sexualidade construídas por docentes. Procedemos com a investigação sobre a gênese, os conteúdos e a estrutura dessas representações a partir da análise prototípica. A amostra foi composta de 312 docentes de uma unidade federativa brasileira. Os principais resultados dessa pesquisa nos permitem afirmar que os professores representam essas questões a partir dos seguintes elementos do núcleo central: identidade; igualdade; respeito; naturalidade orientação, homossexualidade, tabu. Essas evocações em primeira pessoa sugerem um discurso normativo, de aceitação das diferenças e de respeito à diversidade. Entretanto, o estudo da zona muda revelou que os participantes atribuem significados diferentes do grupo, como, por exemplo: discriminação, religião e desrespeito. Os resultados adicionais apontam que os participantes consideram que são temáticas passíveis de conflitos e dissensões, classificando o gênero e a sexualidade como escolhas individuais, prescindindo da necessidade de discussão coletiva.
Trabalho e saúde mental: caminhos possíveis para o debate em psicologia
Authors: Silva Juliana Catarine Barbosa da , Silva Maria Catarina Félix da , Silva Jhenyffer Lays Ribeiro , Silva Kilder Leon Almeida Oliveira
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo objetivou apresentar e discutir os modos como a psicologia tem pesquisado sobre saúde mental do(a) trabalhador(a), para isso foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Foram identificados inicialmente 4.409 artigos que após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão resultaram em 309 textos, em português e inglês, que foram sistematicamente analisados. Observou-se que as produções investigadas passam por três grandes áreas temáticas: textos que discutem diretamente adoecimento psíquico e trabalho, artigos que enfocam o contexto de trabalho e suas possíveis repercussões e por fim, publicações que abordam bem-estar e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Identificou-se ainda a prevalência dos debates sobre gênero nas pesquisas em inglês e que os estudos em psicologia, em ambos os idiomas, ao discutir saúde mental e trabalho, continuam priorizando questões individuais, que mesmo significativas, privilegiam estratégias pontuais e não permitem um olhar sobre os grandes sistemas de opressão que adoecem as pessoas diariamente. Desse modo, verifica-se que o conjunto geral de produções carece de mais investimento na compressão dos elementos sociais, econômicos e políticos que repercutem na saúde mental laboral.
A Psicossomática sob o olhar psicanalítico: relato de experiência
Authors: Zanuzo Bianca Silveira , Menegat Carla de Barros
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho busca descrever as manifestações psicossomáticas observadas na prática clínica do estágio em psicologia, bem como relacioná-la com um aporte teórico da psicanálise, tratando-se de um relato de experiência. A paciente é moradora do Rio de Janeiro e esteve em tratamento psicoterápico de setembro de 2021 a julho de 2022, de maneira remota. O motivo da procura por tratamento se deu por conta de uma dificuldade de deglutição, sem causa orgânica, desencadeando crises de ansiedade. A paciente foi encaminhada pelo gastroenterologista para tratamento psicológico, como ocorre na maioria dos casos de somatização que chegam até a clínica. Com o decorrer do trabalho terapêutico foi possível investigar junto à paciente as causas desencadeantes das crises, trazendo conteúdos desde sua infância até o momento presente, sob a ótica psicanalítica. Concluiu-se que a paciente guardava para si muito de suas angústias, sentindo-se incapaz de externalizar e verbalizar aquilo que a desagradava em suas relações. Parte do trabalho foi de compreender e nomear esses afetos, utilizando do setting terapêutico para expressão dessas emoções. A partir da compreensão e tradução destes sentimentos expressos no corpo, foi possível alcançar a remissão dos sintomas, fazendo valer a ideia de cura pela fala proposta pela psicanálise.
Transtorno do Espectro Autista: indivíduos e sua família
Authors: Silva Graciane Barboza da , Falgater Brunna Eloiza Popowicz , Goltz Daniela , Thiesen Thawany Carolina
Published: November 2023

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista afeta principalmente o desenvolvimento da linguagem e a interação social. Os sinais podem ser percebidos ainda na infância, período no qual a família é essencial. O diagnóstico e os sintomas do TEA podem afetar a saúde mental de seus genitores. Este trabalho visou analisar se condições econômicas menos favoráveis poderiam aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade, a sobrecarga dos cuidadores, bem como caracterizar as famílias de crianças com TEA do Estado do Paraná. Essas informações foram coletadas através de um formulário eletrônico, enviado particularmente a diversos genitores, e continha perguntas sobre características sociodemográficas e escalas padronizadas, sendo elas: o Critério Brasil, a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD), a Escala de Zarit e a Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Os dados foram analisados através do software SPSS. O nível econômico não se mostrou um preditor de ansiedade, depressão, sobrecarga dos cuidadores. A severidade dos sintomas também não está relacionada ao nível econômico familiar. Coletou-se diversas informações sobre as famílias, as quais, em sua maioria, ratificam a literatura. Percebeu-se a necessidade de criação e de investimento em políticas e projetos que deem suporte a essas famílias, aliviando os sintomas relatados.
Realidade Virtual, Tecnologias e Transtorno por uso Substâncias: recomendações clínicas
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago da Rocha , Aguiar Bruna Barros de , Guimarães Leonardo Mayer , Ciochetta Fabiano da Silva , Zawacki Juliana de Leão , Gross Júlia da Silveira , Marchi Nino Cesar
Published: November 2023

Atualmente a realidade virtual (VR) vem sendo utilizada como uma das tecnologias inovadoras para a abordagem clínica dos Transtornos por Uso de Substâncias (TUS), ampliando o padrão de avaliação, prevenção e intervenção desses transtornos. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar de que forma a RV pode ser utilizada no tratamento clínico de pacientes com TUS, assim como informar aos profissionais sobre a viabilidade de implementação dessas novas tecnologias no contexto clínico brasileiro. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Os resultados encontrados destacam dois principais eixos para o tratamento dos TUS aliado às tecnologias de RV: Terapia de Exposição ao Estímulo (TEE) e Treinamento Cognitivo, sendo ambos utilizados individualmente ou em alguns casos associados à prática de mindfulness. Percebe-se que a RV tem contribuído para a expansão da abordagem clínica padrão para tratamento dos TUS, gerando inovações no campo da saúde mental. Os profissionais podem utilizar a RV como uma ferramenta complementar na avaliação e intervenção dos TUS, possibilitando uma abordagem mais personalizada e efetiva no tratamento.
Mantido em silêncio como segredo: os efeitos do racismo na constituição do sujeito negro
Authors: Nascimento Vanessa da Silva Rebello do , Falcão Carolina Neumann de Barros
Published: November 2023

A experiência do racismo não é um acontecimento pontual, é uma experiência contínua que marca a história do sujeito negro, uma experiência traumática que implica uma memória de opressão, escravização, colonização, que segue se atualizando na contemporaneidade. No intuito de interrogar a “cegueira racial” que produz um estado de alienação, dando ênfase ao corpo negro como alvo da violência racista, em suas mais diferentes intensidades e nuances, busca-se refletir sobre os efeitos do racismo na constituição psíquica do sujeito negro atravessado pelo racismo, a relação entre o racismo e o processo de subjetivação, a importância do narcisismo primário frente à construção da identidade e da autoestima, bem como o impacto dos ideais da branquitude na constituição do sujeito negro. Por fim, propõe-se verificar as estratégias psíquicas que os sujeitos negros podem vir a lançar mão ao se defrontarem com a violência racista.
A educação em Direitos Humanos e a realidade dos discentes LGBTQIAPN+: um estudo de caso no âmbito da Residência Universitária de uma Universidade Federal do Brasil
Authors: Palmeira Lana Lisiêr de Lima , Dias Alfrancio Ferreira , Prado Edna Cristina do
Published: November 2023

O presente estudo objetivou analisar se há, na Universidade
Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, políticas institucionais de
assistência estudantil, mais especificamente referentes à Residência
Universitária, capazes de assegurar, diante de um cenário marcado pela
diversidade, o respeito aos valores da equidade e respeito à pessoa
humana, no caso em especial, de estudantes com gênero e orientação
sexual divergente da heterocisnormatividade. Como opção teóricometodológica, esta pesquisa adotou a abordagem de natureza qualitativa,
com ênfase na revisão de literatura e na análise documental. Para a
análise dos dados encontrados, elegeu-se a Análise de Conteúdo de
Bardin (2016). Como resultados principais, inferiu-se que, apesar de
existir um trabalho já iniciado na referida instituição de ensino acerca do
tema em comento, necessário se faz a adoção de mais ações pontuais,
definidas organicamente no seio da universidade, para se garantir a maior
efetivação dos direitos deste público discente.
Comer e estudar: Direitos Humanos negados no Brasil durante a pandemia.
Authors: Silva Edcleide da Rocha
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho trata de questões contemporâneas da história
brasileira, sob a ótica da política. Dentre as muitas referências utilizadas
para fundamentar sua estrutura destacam-se a Carta Universal dos
Direitos Humanos e a Constituição brasileira de 1988 na perspectiva de
tratar dos direitos como uma conquista coletiva entre a diversidade dos
povos e nações. Cabe ressaltar que este texto é fruto do acúmulo e
debate desenvolvido na disciplina 2022.2 - Seminários avançados de
pesquisa em políticas públicas: educação em direitos humanos - turma
01, ministrada pela professora Dra Lana Lisiêr de Lima Palmeira e
pretende tecer considerações sobre algumas ações do governo de Jair
Bolsonaro durante seu mandato presidencial entre 2019 e 2022 acerca da
temática. O trabalho, a partir do olhar a história e conjuntura,
fundamenta-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, embasada na revisão de
literatura do período estabelecido como recorte temporal, trazendo um
olhar analítico sobre a questão do direito à vida, à alimentação, à educação, negados ao povo trabalhador brasileiro durante o referido
governo em meio ao período da pandemia da COVID19.
Formação de professores polivalentes em cursos de Pedagogia
Authors: Nascimento Antonio Anderson Brito do , Medeiros Emerson Augusto de
Published: November 2023

O texto em tela se construiu com o objetivo de analisar, a partir da dimensão curricular oficial (o currículo prescrito), como está situada a formação de professores polivalentes nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) e da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). A pesquisa fez uso da abordagem qualitativa, ancorou-se na análise documental como técnica de produção de dados considerando três dimensões: a) Carga horária total e específica para a Formação de Professores Polivalentes; b) Componentes curriculares direcionados à formação de professores polivalentes para atuação no ensino das disciplinas do currículo escolar nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e c) Conteúdos curriculares para a formação de professores polivalentes. Em conclusão, pode-se inferir que os conteúdos curriculares textualizados nas ementas das disciplinas concebidas para a formação de professores polivalentes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, em ambas as instituições de ensino superior, demonstram uma notável aproximação e atenção à particularidade do conhecimento da área disciplinar em que se inserem, contribuindo para a sua reflexão sob a ótica pedagógica. Contudo, é de opinião que tais conteúdos curriculares se revelam insuficientes em relação aos processos formativos, devido ao escasso período de tempo disponível para o estudo.
Thermodynamics Study for Selective Leaching of Copper and Zinc from Complex Secondary Raw Materials Using Oxidative Sulfuric Acid Leaching
Authors: Gajić Nataša , Ranitović Milisav , Marković Miloš , Kamberović Željko
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on evaluating the optimal process conditions for selectively leaching copper and zinc from complex secondary raw materials using the oxidative sulfuric acid leaching process. The research includes both physical and chemical characterization of the materials and a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis to assess the thermodynamic properties and behaviors of the system under investigation.
The physical characterization involves determining parameters such as bulk density, moisture content, and granulometric composition of the samples. Elemental composition analysis is performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX), while the phase composition is determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the materials' morphology is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Fraction diagrams are created using Hydra/Medusa software to assess the phase distributions of zinc and copper during the leaching process. The stability of the metals and potential chemical reactions within a defined temperature range is analyzed using Eh-pH diagrams with the HSC 9 Chemistry Software.
Based on the thermodynamic analysis conducted, it is determined that effective leaching of copper and zinc from the complex secondary raw materials is achievable. Furthermore, the results indicate that the leaching process is relatively insensitive to temperature variations. The optimization of the leaching process should primarily focus on achieving optimized consumption of the oxidizing agent.
Green Gold Production from Primary and Secondary Resources
Authors: Birich Alexander , Friedrich Bernd
Published: November 2023

The exceptional chemical resistance of gold is a significant property of this precious metal, but it can pose challenges when it comes to gold extraction. Many metallurgical processes rely on highly aggressive or toxic reagents, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities, in particular, have faced criticism due to their difficult-to-control environmental impact. With growing ecological concerns, society and industry are compelled to seek efficient gold recovery methods that replace the use of mercury or cyanide. Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted on alternative leaching reagents, showing promising technical and environmental characteristics. Various demonstration and pilot-scale application tests worldwide have provided valuable insights for potential industrial implementation. However, to date, only one industrial-scale application using the cyanide alternative thiosulfate has been reported. Apart from chlorination or aqua regia in refineries and recycling specific waste streams, there is a lack of notable industrial applications for cyanide alternatives, particularly in gold recycling from secondary resources. This is significant as it could have a substantial ecological impact by reducing the need for mining activities. For instance, electronic waste, which is increasing in volume and importance, represents a resource for gold recovery but lacks an efficient decentralized process. This work discusses the potential of cyanide alternative reagents for industrial application in gold production and recycling, while exploring various factors that contribute to the limited acceptance among gold producers.
Sphalerite Leaching in Acid Media: a Review
Authors: Sokić Miroslav D. , Bugarčić Mladen , Jovanović Aleksandar A.
Published: November 2023

The reserves of rich ores, from which the production of zinc by the existing conventional roasting-leaching-electrowinning process is technologically possible and economically justified, are decreasing year by year. For this reason, increasing attention has been directed towards researching the possibility of obtaining zinc from complex polymetallic ores with a low metal content, adhering to sustainable development goals following strict environmental regulations. Leaching procedures are commonly utilized for the processing of such mineral raw materials.As sphalerite is the widespread and most significant mineral of zinc sulfide, a large part of the research focuses on studying the behavior of sphalerite in the leaching process. This paper reviews the existing knowledge about the leaching of sphalerite in acidic solutions as well as the phenomena accompanying the dissolution process. Special attention is given to research related to the kinetics and mechanism of sphalerite oxidation in an acidic medium influenced by various oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, dichromate ions, nitrate and nitrite ions, ferric and cupric ions, and others. All these results enable the development of new technological procedures to produce zinc from low-grade and complex ores while meeting increasingly rigorous environmental requirements.
Bioleaching and Chemical Leaching of Lateritic Ore in Percolators
Authors: Stankovic Srdjan , Schippers Axel
Published: November 2023

This work presents results of an initial exploration of nickel and cobalt bioleaching from lateritic ores in small percolators, which serve as simulations of the heap leaching process. Heap leaching offers an attractive alternative to high-pressure acid leaching of laterites, owing to its relatively simple technology, reduced capital and operational expenses, and lower carbon dioxide emissions. Conventional heap leaching of laterites relies on sulfuric acid leaching. Typically, this process consumes 400-500 kg/t of ore, necessitating the construction of a costly on-site sulfuric acid plant. However, the metabolic activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can generate sulfuric acid while reducing ferric to ferrous iron, facilitating mineral dissolution through a combined protonation and reduction effect. Implementing this process eliminates the need for a sulfuric acid production plant, as the bacteria oxidize sulfur within the leaching heap. The results presented in this paper demonstrate comparable efficiencies between bioleaching and chemical leaching with sulfuric acid for nickel extraction, underscoring the importance of ferrous iron in enhancing leaching efficiency.
Hydrogeological Investigations of Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in the Berg River Catchment, Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mabokela Seiphi Prudence , Malaza Ntokozo
Published: November 2023

The Berg River Catchment based in the Western Cape Province, South Africa services the greater Cape Town area with water, subsequent to supplying the vast agricultural activities that exist in the middle and the lower reaches. This study thus investigates the hydrogeochemical interactions between surface and groundwater in the Berg River Catchment with the aim of establishing trends and transfer of constituents between the surface and groundwater systems, investigates the role that geology plays in water chemistry as well as identifies the geochemical processes controlling surface and groundwater chemistry in the catchment. This study was carried out using three types of research designs namely i) experimental research design; ii) field research design and meta-analysis research design. Furthermore, the study made use of hydrochemical data ranging from 2003 to 2013 obtained from the National Water Monitoring Database owned and maintained by the Department of Water and Sanitation and data that were sampled in 2016 by authors and analyzed using the ICP-MS Technique Ground Water Chart, Arc-GIS and Geosoft (Oasis Montaj) were further employed to model the data. The results indicated that: i) in the Upper Berg there is not much interaction and transfer of constituents between surface and groundwater; ii) the Middle Berg, however, indicated a degree of interaction with the sharing of constituents between the two water systems and iii) the Lower Berg indicated only NaCl water type also noting that the area situated near the river mouth whereby there is the mixing of river and seawater.
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Satellite Image Classification: A Case Study of Casablanca Using Landsat Imagery and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Ouchra Hafsa , Belangour Abdessamad , Erraissi Allae
Published: November 2023

Satellite image classification is crucial in various applications such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and land use analysis. In this study, the authors present a comparative analysis of different supervised and unsupervised learning methods for satellite image classification, focusing on a case study in Casablanca using Landsat 8 imagery. This research aims to identify the most effective machine-learning approach for accurately classifying land cover in an urban environment. The methodology used consists of the pre-processing of Landsat imagery data from Casablanca city, the authors extract relevant features and partition them into training and test sets, and then use random forest (RF), SVM (support vector machine), classification, and regression tree (CART), gradient tree boost (GTB), decision tree (DT), and minimum distance (MD) algorithms. Through a series of experiments, the authors evaluate the performance of each machine learning method in terms of accuracy, and Kappa coefficient. This work shows that random forest is the best-performing algorithm, with an accuracy of 95.42% and 0.94 Kappa coefficient. The authors discuss the factors of their performance, including data characteristics, accurate selection, and model influencing.
Behcet's syndrome and pregnancy
Authors: Tskhai V. B. , Shesternya P. A.
Published: November 2023

Planning and managing pregnancy in the context of an existing rheumatic disease is a serious problem widely discussed in the medical community. Behcet’s syndrome (Behcet’s disease) is one of the least studied diseases in this context. Data on the mutual influence of vasculitis and pregnancy on the course and outcomes are contradictory. There is an obvious need for interdisciplinary support of pregnancy by an obstetrician-gynecologist and a rheumatologist to minimize the risk of losses and complications in this complex clinical situation. This review presents data published over the past two decades on the use of genetically engineered biological drugs in rheumatology.
Role of DNA damage and repair in chronic eye diseases
Authors: Gaisina G. O. , Luchnikova Yu. A. , Khrushcheva A. V. , Rufullayeva L. H. , Tagirova R. R. , Mamedli S. E. , Lyashok M. Yu. , Smorodova S. Yu. , Boriskina P. A. , Vatulin D. A. , Lazarenko A. S. , Magafurova V. A. , Kosinskaya N. E.
Published: November 2023

Vision is essential for everyday activities, yet the most common eye diseases — cataracts, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma — lead to vision loss with age. Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed operations and results are usually excellent in the absence of accompanying eye pathology. However, patients with DR, AMD, and glaucoma often develop significant visual impairments. The pathogenesis of these multifactorial diseases often involves genetic and hereditary components, with recent data confirming the role of DNA damage and repair as important pathogenic factors. In this review, we describe in detail the main mechanisms of DNA damage and repair, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair, and discuss their role in the development of DR, AMD, and glaucoma.
Dynamics and variability of regional mortality rates from liver and biliary tract diseases in the period from 2019 to 2021
Authors: Samorodskaya I. V. , Afanasenkova T. E.
Published: November 2023

Objective: to assess the variability and dynamics of mortality from liver and bile duct diseases in the regions of Russia for the period of 2019–2021. Materials and methods. Rosstat data on the number of deaths according to form C51 and on the average annual population by one-year age groups by gender and age were used. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated for 12 causes of death related to liver and bile duct diseases and included in the Brief Nomenclature of Causes of Death of Rosstat (BNCD) for 82 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. The mean SMRs from all liver and bile duct diseases in 2020 (42.4 ± 11.9 per 100,000 population) and 2021 (42.8 ± 13.2) were higher than in 2019 (39.4 ± 11.4), with annual increases observed in 38 regions, decreases in 7, and mixed trends in 37. The contribution of liver diseases to all-cause mortality was 3.95 ± 0.91% in 2019, 3.65 ± 0.85% in 2020, and 3.26 ± 0.92% in 2021. The highest SMRs were registered for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, while the lowest SMRs were for acute hepatitis. Considerable variability in SMRs was observed between regions in 2021: the maximum SMR for liver cancer was more than 14 times higher than the minimum, while for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis it was 25 times higher. Hypotheses explaining the reasons for these differences are discussed. Conclusions. Significant regional variability in SMRs does not allow for a stable trend towards reducing mortality from these causes to be identified.
Selection of drain diameter in initial drainage of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Remizov S. I. , Andreev A. V. , Durleshter V. M. , Gabriel S. A. , Zasyadko O. V.
Published: November 2023

Objective. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis using drains of different diameters in patients with acute necrotic accumulations. Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2018, 124 patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis were treated using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Group 1 consisted of 56 patients who were initially given drains with a diameter of 8–16 Fr, while Group 2 consisted of 68 patients who were given drains with a diameter of 28–32 Fr. The patient groups were comparable in terms of main indicators (p > 0.05). Results. In Group 1, replacement with larger diameter drains was needed in 100% of cases, while in Group 2 it was needed in 18.7% of patients (p < 0.05). As a final treatment method, puncture-drainage technology was used in Group 1 for 31 (55.4%) patients, and in Group 2 for 57 (83.8%) (p < 0.05). The incidence of perioperative complications was 51.7% in Group 1 and 16.1% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The duration of hospitalization in Group 1 was on average 16 ± 7.3 days longer. Mortality rate was 30.4% in Group 1 and 11.8% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The use of wide-bore drains at the initial stage increases the effectiveness of puncture-drainage treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and allows for a reduction in mortality rate.
Additive technologies for magnetic materials generation
Authors: Yacko Dmitriy
Published: November 2023

Materials and materials with magnetic properties are one of the mainstays of the world of mankind. Magnets are the key elements of most devices used in industry, science and technology. The development of permanent magnet manufacturing technology taking into account the maximum efficiency of the generated magnetic field with a minimum size of the magnet can be divided into two key directions: changing the composition of the magnet and changing the shape of the magnetic field. The research in this paper is aimed at developing a technology for manufacturing shaped magnets for controlling the shape of the magnetic field. Modern production technologies actively use various software products to simulate the design, composition, physical and chemical properties of the final product. For more precise manufacturing and minimization of post-processing, 3-D automated complexes are used, that make it possible to produce a finished product. Manual labor is gradually being replaced by machine labor, and the role of man at the place of production is gradually changing. Large-scale production begins to use robotic systems and conveyors, which significantly increases productivity, reduces costs and the influence of the human factor on the quality of the finished product. The market of additive technologies has been growing at an increasing pace in recent years. The paper considers the application of additive technologies for obtaining materials of complex shape with magnetic properties. The substantiation and solutions of the main obstacles in the development of a new technology for the manufacture of shaped magnetic materials are proposed. Technological solutions and equipment giving the possibility to obtain magnetic materials through the use of additive technologies make a motion.
Pengembangan E-Modul Grafik Fungsi Trigonometri (Emogutri) Menggunakan Adobe Flash untuk Siswa SMK
Authors: Kurniawati Nina , Pratama Fika Widya
Published: November 2023

Pembelajaran usai covid-19 telah mendukung kebutuhan akan media pembelajaran yang harus sejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi sekaligus mampu memotivasi siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian pengembangan ini merupakan solusi dari masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah media pembelajaran menggunakan adobe flash cs6 dengan nama EMOGUTRI (E-Modul Grafik Fungsi Trigonometri). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan EMOGUTRI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi dan evaluasi. Subjek dalam penelitian merupakan 18 siswa kelas X TPG di SMK NEGERI 2 Salatiga pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Instrumen untuk menguji kevalidan EMOGUTRI menggunakan lembar validasi. Kemudian instrumen untuk mengetahui kepraktisan EMOGUTRI menggunakan lembar praktisi, sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan untuk menguji keefektifan menggunakan soal pre-test dan post-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh media pembelajaran EMOGUTRI terbukti valid, praktis dan efektif.
Pengembangan Media Kartu UNO pada Materi Satuan Berat di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Harlin Meiva Dwi , Arini Novanita Whindi
Published: November 2023

Guru memiliki peran yang besar dalam pendidikan, dengan peran yang dimilikinya guru harus terus menciptakan inovasi pembelajaran. Salah satunya inovasi dalam penyampaian materi serta membantu pemahaman peserta didik dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran. Berdasarkan observasi, pelajaran matematika kurang digemari oleh peserta didik dan ditemukan nilai rata-rata dalam materi satuan berat masih rendah di kelas IV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menilai kelayakan penggunaan media kartu UNO untuk mengajarkan peserta didik kelas IV tentang materi satuan berat. Studi ini menggunakan proses penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) berdasarkan paradigma ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation dan evaluation) dengan instrumen penelitian observasi, wawancara, angket dan soal posttest dan posttest. Peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar mereka digunakan sebagai peserta. Ahli media memberikan skor media kartu UNO sebesar 92%, ahli materi memberikan skor sebesar 90,56%. dan pakar pendidikan memberikan skor sebesar 90%. Respon peserta didik secara keseluruhan sangat baik (89,29%). Dan terjadi peningkatan pada hasil posttest dan posttest sebesar 31,79%. Oleh karena itu, media kartu UNO untuk materi satuan berat sangat cocok untuk tujuan pendidikan.
Investigation of the Effects of Boric Acid Used in the Treatment of Rat Models with Knee Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate on Liver Tissue
Authors: Bolat İsmail , Terim Kapakin Kübra Asena , Manavoğlu Kirman Esra , Gündoğdu Gülşah , Gundogdu Koksal , Demirkaya Miloğlu Fatma , Yılmaz Tascı Seymanur
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant joint disease that can affect the health of individuals in many sectors. Although OA is primarily known as a joint disease in the field of health, it can also cause damage to organs such as the liver due to the systemic inflammatory reactions (SIRS) it triggers. Boric acid (BA), which has been the subject of many studies and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, is widely used in various areas of the healthcare sector. In this study conducted for this purpose, the protective effect of BA against liver damage caused by OA was investigated. A total of 28 rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 7 rats. Except for the control group, all animals were induced with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to develop OA, and then rats were administered doses of BA ranging 4 and 10 mg/kg for 21 days. In histopathological examinations, severe hepatitis and degenerative changes were observed in the liver tissue of the OA-induced group, while it was found that BA application reduced these damages dose-dependently. Similarly, in immunohistochemical analyses, it was observed that OA induction significantly increased the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and MMP-13 in the liver, but in the groups treated with BA, this expression level significantly decreased depending on the dose. This study observed that BA exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and had a protective effect on liver tissue against SIRS caused by OA.
Social Competition Drives Collective Action to Reduce Informal Waste Burning in Uganda
Authors: Buntaine Mark T , Komakech Polycarp , Shen Shiran Victoria
Published: November 2023

Improving urban air quality is a pressing challenge in the Global South. A key source of air pollution is the informal burning of household waste. Reducing informal burning requires governments to develop formal systems for waste disposal and residents to adopt new disposal behaviors. Using a randomized experiment, we show that social competitions between pairs of neighborhoods in Nansana municipality, Uganda galvanized leadership and inspired collective action to reduce informal burning. All 44 neighborhoods in the study received a public health campaign, while 22 treated neighborhoods were paired and competed to reduce waste burning over an 8-month period. Treated neighborhoods showed a 27 percent reduction (95\% CI: 11-43 percent) in waste burning relative to control neighborhoods at the end of the study. There is no evidence that treated neighborhoods experienced a rebound in waste burning several months after the competitions. Community leaders reported greater effort coordinating residents and more pride in their neighborhood when assigned to the competition treatment. These results suggest that creating focal points for leadership and collective action can be an effective and low-cost strategy to address pressing policy problems that require broad participation and costly behavior change.
antropologi terhadap peran hukum adat dalam pembangunan desa
Authors: Ariga Muhammad Fikri Win
Published: November 2023

Antropologi hukum adalah bidang khusus antropologi budaya yang secara khusus mengamati perilaku masyarakat menurut aturan hukum. Aturan hukum yang relevan tidak terbatas pada hukum normatif, tetapi juga mencakup hukum adat dan budaya perilaku masyarakat. Dalam ilmu antropologi hokum juga dipelajari hubungan antropologis terhadap peran hokum adat dalam pembangunan desa
Leveraging Past Information and Machine Learning to Accelerate Land Disturbance Monitoring
Authors: Ye Su , Zhu Zhe , Suh Ji
Published: November 2023

Near real time (NRT) monitoring of land disturbances holds great importance for delivering emergency aids, mitigating negative social and ecological impacts, and distributing resources for disaster recovery. Many past NRT techniques were built upon examining the overall change magnitude of a spectral anomaly with a pre-defined threshold, namely the unsupervised approach. However, their lack of fully considering spectral change direction, change date and pre-disturbance conditions often led to low detection sensitivity and high commission errors, especially when only a few satellite observations were available at the early disturbance stage, which could eventually result in a longer lag to produce a reliable disturbance map. For this study, we developed a novel supervised machine learning approach guided by historical disturbance datasets for accelerating land disturbance monitoring. This new approach first applied retrospective analysis based on historical Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) datasets from 2015 to 2021 and several open disturbance products, in which various multifaceted change related predictors were extracted from satellite time series, followed by separate disturbance model construction for each consecutive anomaly number. Then, these models were applied for NRT prediction with a per-pixel disturbance probability with new observations (e.g., 2022 HLS images) ingested incrementally on a weekly basis. We developed this operational NRT system incorporating both unsupervised and supervised approaches. Latency and accuracy were evaluated against 3,000 samples randomly selected from five most influential disturbance events of United States in 2022 based on labels and disturbance dates interpreted from daily PlanetScope images. The evaluation showed that the supervised approach required 15 days (since the start of the disturbance event) to reach the plateau of its F_1 curve (where disturbances are detected with high confidence), seven days earlier with roughly 0.2 F_1 score improvement compared to the unsupervised approach (0.733 vs. 0.546 F_1 score). The further analysis showed the improvement was mainly due to the substantial decrease of commission errors (17.7% vs 44.4%). The latency component analysis indicated that the supervised approach only took an average of 4.1 days to yield the first disturbance alert at its fastest alerting speed when the NRT platform made a daily update. This finding highlighted the importance of past knowledge and machine learning for accelerating a NRT monitoring task.
How much can personality predict prosocial behavior?
Authors: Nielsen Yngwie Asbjørn , Pfattheicher Stefan , Thielmann Isabel
Published: November 2023

Explaining prosocial behavior is a central goal in classic and contemporary behavioral science. Here, for the first time, we apply modern machine learning techniques to uncover the full predictive potential that personality traits have for prosocial behavior. We utilize a large-scale dataset (N = 2,707; 81 personality traits) and state-of-the-art statistical models to predict an incentivized measure of prosocial behavior, Social Value Orientation (SVO). We conclude: (1) traits explain 13.9% of the variance in SVO; (2) linear models are sufficient to obtain good prediction; (3) trait–trait interactions do not improve prediction; (4) narrow traits improve prediction beyond basic personality (i.e., the HEXACO); (5) there is a moderate association between the univariate predictive power of a trait and its multivariate predictive power, suggesting that univariate estimates (e.g., Pearson’s correlation) can serve as a useful proxy for multivariate variable importance. We propose that the limited usefulness of nonlinear models may stem from current measurement practices in personality science, which tend to favor linearly related constructs. Overall, our study provides a benchmark for how well personality predicts SVO and charts a course toward better prediction of prosocial behavior.
A registered report on presentation factors that influence the attraction effect
Authors: Hasan Eeshan , Liu Yanjun , Owens Nicole , Trueblood Jennifer S
Published: November 2023

Context effects occur when the preference between two alternatives is affected by the presence of an extra alternative. These effects are some of the most well studied phenomena in multi-alternative, multi-attribute decision making. Recent research in this area has revealed an intriguing pattern of results. On the one hand, these effects are robust and ubiquitous. That is, they have been demonstrated in many domains and different choice settings. On the other hand, they are fragile and they disappear or even reverse under different conditions. This pattern of results has spurred debate and speculation about the cognitive mechanisms that drive these choices. The attraction effect, where the preference for an option increases in the presence of a dominated decoy, has generated the most controversy. In this registered report, we systematically vary factors that are known to be associated with the attraction effect to build a solid foundation of empirical results to aid future theory development. We find a robust attraction effect across the different conditions. The strength of this effect is modulated by the display order (e.g., decoy top, target middle, competitor bottom) and mode (numeric vs. graphical) but not display layout (by-attribute vs. by-alternative).
Narrative Fallacy and Other Limitations of Psychodynamic Case Formulation
Authors: Tolchinsky Alexey
Published: November 2023

This paper describes a phenomenon of narrative fallacy in psychodynamic psychotherapy andmakes a case that it is likely related to therapists’ working memory limitations. The impact ofnarrative fallacy on model complexity is examined with a focus on further improving theefficacy of clinical treatment. The specifics of the psychodynamic meaning-making processgravitating toward searching for causal or teleological explanations are reviewed. Tentativeperspectives on these processes from the standpoint of active inference and neuropsychology arepresented. This paper also examines the issues with verifiability in the psychodynamichypothesis testing process with a focus on the Barnum/Forer effect. Preliminary proposals areformulated to help mitigate the impact of these issues on clinical practice.
Applicability of Islamic microfinance as an alternative tool for Poverty Eradication in Nigeria
Authors: Maikabara Abdullateef Abdulqadir
Published: November 2023

The microfinance system is one of the governmental and non-governmental initiatives to eradicate poverty, even though conventional microfinance does not satisfactorily serve the needs of underprivileged households in Nigeria. However, Islamic microfinance has great potential to facilitate its roles in providing financial services per Islamic values. This research examines Islamic microfinance's perception of poverty eradication in the Kwara State of Nigeria. The 364 responses from microfinance clients in Ilorin, Kwara State of Nigeria, were analyzed through SPSS using descriptive and Pearson coefficient moment correlation (PPMC). The findings indicated a positive statistically significant correlation between Islamic microfinance and household income (PEHI), healthcare (PEHC), education(PEED), and employment(PEEM). This study is significant as it presents the applicability of Islamic microfinance for eradicating poverty in the study area. Policymakers should widely institutionalize Islamic microfinance institutions nationwide and take necessary and exclusive measures to ensure their effectiveness for poverty eradication and achieving sustainable socioeconomic development.
PANDANGAN EKONOMI ISLAM MENGENAI BATASAN LABA DALAM BISNIS
Authors: Idris Munadi
Published: November 2023

Tujuan utama dalam bisnis adalah mencari keuntungan yang maksimal. Keuntungan yang maksimal dapat dicapai apabila perbedaan antara hasil penjualan dengan biaya produksi mencapai tingkat yang paling besar atau jika hasil penjualan melebihi dari biaya produksi. Ekonomi Islam mengatur permasalahan etika bisnis termasuk bagimana mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal. Islam tidak membatasi laba dalam bisnis hal ini diserahkan sepenuhnya pada penjual dalam menetapkan asalkan tidak keluar dari prinsip-prinsip syariah. Tulisan ini menjelaskan dan menganalisis mengenai batasan laba dalam pandangan ekonomi Islam dengan didasarkan dari hadis dan pendapat para ulama.
PERAN OJK DALAM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN PERBANKAN SYARIAH PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Nola Indra
Published: November 2023

The Financial Services Authority is an independent institution and free from interference from other parties that have functions, duties, authorities as regulation, supervision, and protection. The consumer protection function of the Financial Services Authority is contained in the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1 / POJK.07 / 2013 concerning Consumer Protection in the Financial Services Sector, Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1 / POJK.07 / 2014 concerning Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions, as well as Consumer Service and Complaint Resolution to Financial Service Institutions contained in the Financial Services Authority Circular Letter Number 2 / SEOJK.07 / 2014. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of implementation of consumer protection based on an Islamic economic perspective carried out by the Financial Services Authority of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) in handling consumer complaints in the Islamic banking sector. Research methods are qualitative methods through interviews, observation, and documentation. From the research, it is known that the Implementation of the Financial Services Authority in Consumer Protection in the Sharia Banking Sector has been well implemented in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the application of principles in accordance with consumer protection in an Islamic economic perspective according to Alimin's theory.