bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Didemnin B and ternatin-4 differentially inhibit conformational changes in eEF1A required for aminoacyl-tRNA accommodation into mammalian ribosomes
Authors: Juette Manuel F , Carelli Jordan D , Rundlet Emily J , Brown Alan , Shao Sichen , Ferguson Angelica , Wasserman Michael R , Holm Mikael , Taunton Jack , Blanchard Scott C
Published: October 2022

Rapid and accurate mRNA translation requires efficient codon-dependent delivery of the correct aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosomal A site. In mammals, this fidelity-determining reaction is facilitated by the GTPase elongation factor-1 alpha (eEF1A), which escorts aa-tRNA as an eEF1A(GTP)-aa-tRNA ternary complex into the ribosome. The structurally unrelated cyclic peptides didemnin B and ternatin-4 bind to the eEF1A(GTP)-aa-tRNA ternary complex and inhibit translation but have different effects on protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Here, we employ single-molecule fluorescence imaging and cryogenic electron microscopy to determine how these natural products inhibit translational elongation on mammalian ribosomes. By binding to a common site on eEF1A, didemnin B and ternatin-4 trap eEF1A in an intermediate state of aa-tRNA selection, preventing eEF1A release and aa-tRNA accommodation on the ribosome. We also show that didemnin B and ternatin-4 exhibit distinct effects on the dynamics of aa-tRNA selection that inform on observed disparities in their inhibition efficacies and physiological impacts. These integrated findings underscore the value of dynamics measurements in assessing the mechanism of small-molecule inhibition and highlight potential of single-molecule methods to reveal how distinct natural products differentially impact the human translation mechanism.
Computational design of peptides to target NaV1.7 channel with high potency and selectivity for the treatment of pain
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T. , Nguyen Hai M. , Wagner Karen M. , Stewart Robert G. , Singh Vikrant , Thapa Parashar , Chen Yi-Je , Lillya Mark W. , Ton Anh Tuan , Kondo Richard , Ghetti Andre , Pennington Michael W. , Hammock Bruce , Griffith Theanne N. , Sack Jon T. , Wulff Heike , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir
Published: October 2022

The voltage-gated sodium Na
V
1.7 channel plays a key role as a mediator of action potential propagation in C-fiber nociceptors and is an established molecular target for pain therapy. ProTx-II is a potent and moderately selective peptide toxin from tarantula venom that inhibits human Na
V
1.7 activation. Here we used available structural and experimental data to guide Rosetta design of potent and selective ProTx-II-based peptide inhibitors of human Na
V
1.7 channels. Functional testing of designed peptides using electrophysiology identified the PTx2-3127 and PTx2-3258 peptides with IC
50
s of 7 nM and 4 nM for hNa
V
1.7 and more than 1,000-fold selectivity over human Na
V
1.1, Na
V
1.3, Na
V
1.4, Na
V
1.5, Na
V
1.8, and Na
V
1.9 channels. PTx2-3127 inhibits Na
V
1.7 currents in mouse and human sensory neurons and shows efficacy in rat models of chronic and thermal pain when administered intrathecally. Rationally-designed peptide inhibitors of human Na
V
1.7 channels have transformative potential to define a new class of biologics to treat pain.
Plasmonic Logic Gates at Optimum Optical Communications Wavelength
Authors: Al-Sabea Z. S. , Ibrahim A.  A. , Abdulnabi S. H.
Published: October 2022

This paper displays a design that realizes all optical logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) and consisting of one nanoring and four strips Operates on the principle of resonance. the proposed design works at the wavelength of 1550 nm using insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguide. The basic principle of the operation of these gates is input and control signals’ constructive and destructive interference. The proposed transmission threshold’s value is 0.25 between OFF state and ON state. The proposed design has small dimensions (300 nm × 300 nm) and can realize seven logic gates with maximum transmission 134% at NOT gate, 223% at OR gate, 134% at NAND gate and 223% at XNOR gate where the design is optimum and excellent design and the modulation depth is very high because it’s ranges in all gates more than 90%. The proposed structure contributes in building nanocircuits for integrated photonic circuits and optical signal processing.
Molecular insights into the binding of carnosine and anserine to human serum carnosinase 1 (CN1)
Authors: Toviwek Borvornwat , Koonawootrittriron Skorn , Suwanasopee Thanathip , Pongprayoon Prapasiri
Published: October 2022

Carnosine (CAR) and anserine (ANS) are histidine-containing dipeptides that show the therapeutic properties and protective abilities against diabetes and cognitive deficit. Both dipeptides are rich in meat products and have been used as a supplement. However, in humans, both compounds have a short half-life due to the rapid degradation by dizinc carnosinase 1 (CN1) which is a hurdle for its therapeutic application. To date, a comparative study of carnosine- and anserine-CN1 complexes is limited. Thus, in this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the binding of carnosine and anserine to CN1. CN1 comprises 2 chains (Chains A and B). Both monomers are found to work independently and alternatingly. The displacement of Zn2+ pair is found to disrupt the substrate binding. CN1 employs residues from the neighbour chain (H235, T335, and T337) to form the active site. This highlights the importance of a dimer for enzymatic activity. Anserine is more resistant to CN 1 than carnosine because of its bulky and dehydrated imidazole moiety. Although both dipeptides can direct the peptide oxygen to the active Zn2+ which can facilitate the catalytic reaction, the bulky methylated imidazole on anserine promotes various poses that can retard the hydrolytic activity in contrast to carnosine. Anserine is likely to be the temporary competitive inhibitor by retarding the carnosine catabolism.
Knowledge of safe handling, administration, and waste management of chemotherapeutic drugs among oncology nurses working at Khartoum Oncology Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Sargidy Abdelgayoom Alhag Warsha , Yahia Amira , Ahmad Mehrunnisha , Abdalla Adel , Khalil Suhail Naser , Alasiry Sharifa , Shaphe Mohammad Abu , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Kashoo Faizan Z.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Knowledge of chemotherapeutic drug (CD) handling, administration, and waste disposal are important among nurses involved in cancer therapy. Inadequate knowledge of the management of CD could cause environmental contamination and potential harm to patients and nurses. To assess the knowledge of safe handling, administration, and waste management of CD among oncology nurses working at Khartoum Oncology Hospital, Sudan.

Methods

A questionnaire was developed by a team of experts to assess the knowledge in three domains of oncology nursing practice (handling, administration, and disposal). The study involved 78 oncology nurses working in Khartoum Oncology Hospital in Sudan from April 2020.

Results

The mean CD knowledge score of nurses was 12.7 ± 3.9 out of 26 items in the questionnaire. For each domain, their knowledge showed poor scores related to safe handling (mean = 2.0 ± 1.5 out of eight knowledge items) and good scores for administration (mean = 6.2 ± 1.7 out of 10) and poor scores for waste disposal (mean = 4.4 ± 1.5 out of eight). Simple linear regression indicated that education level (β = 3.715, p = .008) and training (β = 0.969, p = .004) significantly predicted knowledge among nurses.

Conclusion

There is a significant need to enhance the knowledge and safe handling skills of CD among oncology nurses in Sudan. Implementation of strict guidelines to manage cytotoxic waste to reduce health risks and hospital contamination.
Ontogenetic growth in the crania ofExaeretodon argentinus(Synapsida: Cynodontia) captures a dietary shift
Authors: Wynd Brenen , Abdala Fernando , Nesbitt Sterling J.
Published: October 2022

Background

An ontogenetic niche shift in vertebrates is a common occurrence where ecology shifts with morphological changes throughout growth. How ecology shifts over a vertebrate’s lifetime is often reconstructed in extant species—by combining observational and skeletal data from growth series of the same species—because interactions between organisms and their environment can be observed directly. However, reconstructing shifts using extinct vertebrates is difficult and requires well-sampled growth series, specimens with relatively complete preservation, and easily observable skeletal traits associated with ecologies suspected to change throughout growth, such as diet.

Methods

To reconstruct ecological changes throughout the growth of a stem-mammal, we describe changes associated with dietary ecology in a growth series of crania of the large-bodied (∼2 m in length) and herbivorous form,Exaeretodon argentinus(Cynodontia: Traversodontidae) from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, San Juan, Argentina. Nearly all specimens were deformed by taphonomic processes, so we reconstructed allometric slope using a generalized linear mixed effects model with distortion as a random effect.

Results

Under a mixed effects model, we find that throughout growth,E. argentinusreduced the relative length of the palate, postcanine series, orbits, and basicranium, and expanded the relative length of the temporal region and the height of the zygomatic arch. The allometric relationship between the zygomatic arch and temporal region with the total length of the skull approximate the rate of growth for feeding musculature. Based on a higher allometric slope, the zygoma height is growing relatively faster than the length of the temporal region. The higher rate of change in the zygoma may suggest that smaller individuals had a crushing-dominated feeding style that transitioned into a chewing-dominated feeding style in larger individuals, suggesting a dietary shift from possible faunivory to a more plant-dominated diet. Dietary differentiation throughout development is further supported by an increase in sutural complexity and a shift in the orientation of microwear anisotropy between small and large individuals ofE. argentinus. A developmental transition in the feeding ecology ofE. argentinusis reflective of the reconstructed dietary transition across Gomphodontia, wherein the earliest-diverging species are inferred as omnivorous and the well-nested traversodontids are inferred as herbivorous, potentially suggesting that faunivory in immature individuals of the herbivorous Traversodontidae may be plesiomorphic for the clade.
Effects of carbodiimide combined with ethanol–wet bonding pretreatment on dentin bonding properties: an in vitro study
Authors: You Xiaoxiao , Chen Long , Xu Jie , Li Sihui , Zhang Zhenghao , Guo Ling
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study evaluated the combined effects of Carbodiimide (EDC) and ethanol–wet bonding (EWB) pretreatment on the bond strength and resin–dentin surface.

Methods

Phosphoric acid-etched dentin specimens were randomly divided into five groups based on the following pretreatments: deionized water (control), EWB, 0.3M EDC in water (EDCw), EDC water solution combined EWB (EDCw + EWB), and 0.3M EDC in ethanol (EDCe). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of collagen fibrils on the demineralized dentin matrix in each group after pretreatment. The adhesives Prime & Bond NT (PB) (Dentsply De trey, Konstanz, Germany) or Single bond 2 (SB) (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied after pretreatments, and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to evaluate the quality of resin tags. The degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesive was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The dentin was first bonded with resin and bathed in water at 37 °C for 24 h. Half of them were subjected to 10, 000 cycles in a thermocycler between 5 °C and 55 °C before a microshear bond strength (µSBS) test. The statistical methods were Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test at α = 0.05.

Results

The µSBS was significantly affected by pretreatments (p < 0.001), adhesives (p < 0.001), and aging conditions (p < 0.001) as revealed by the three-way ANOVA. The EDCw, EDCw + EWB, and EDCe groups significantly increased the µSBS; the EDCw + EWB and EDCe groups produced the highest µSBS. In the EDC-containing groups, the SEM showed at the collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix formed a three-dimensional network structure in the tubules after cross-linking into sheets, and the hybrid layer formed thicker resin tags under a CLSM. In the EDC-containing groups, the CLSM observed an increase in the length of resin tags. PB showed a higher DC and bonding strength than SB, and the five pretreatment groups tested did not affect the DC of the two adhesives.

Conclusions

In etch–and–rinse bonding system, EDC combined with EWB pretreatment can improve the quality of the hybrid layer and enhance the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin matrix. Pretreatment with EDC–ethanol solution may be a new clinically friendly option for enhancing dentin bonding durability.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Women with Unsupervised Medical AbortionAn Observational Study
Authors: Patel Neelam , Kaur Gurpreet , Gupta Uttara
Published: October 2022

Introduction: According to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and other organisations such as the Society of Family Planning (SFP) and American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), abortion services are considered as an essential component of comprehensive healthcare. Such services are considered as a time-sensitive issue, as delay in getting comprehensive abortion services may be associated with significant impact on physical health, wellbeing and mental health of the individual. Aim: To determine proportion of women presenting to Gynaecologyy Outpatient Department (OPD) with unsupervised use of abortion pills and to estimate the percentage of anaemia among these women. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted on 148 women attending the Gynaecology OPD in People’s Hospital and seeking treatment for complications due to unsupervised use of abortion pills during the study period of 18 months. A thorough history was obtained and a thorough physical examination was conducted. Haemoglobin estimation and Ultrasonography (USG) was done to determine complications. Data was compiled using MS Excel and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages and mean±SD. Results: During the study period, a total of 360 cases with abortions were registered, of them 150 cases were unsupervised attributing to 41.7% cases. Out of 150 females with unsupervised abortions, 2 females did not give consent to participate and thus a total of 148 females were enrolled. Consumption of unsupervised abortion pills resulted in incomplete abortion in 77 (52%) cases, while complete abortion was reported in only 22 (14.9%) cases. Other complications observed in a few cases were septic shock, in 7 (4.7%) haemorrhagic shock in 4 (2.7%), secondary infertility in 3 (2%), inevitable abortion in 3 (2%), ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 3 (2%) and chronic ovarian ectopic in 1 (0.7%). Missed abortion was documented in 20 (13.5%) cases after complete examination and in 8 (5.4%) cases viable intrauterine pregnancy was diagnosed. Mild, moderate and severe anaemia was observed in 19 (12.8%), 98 (66.2%) and 12 (8.1%) females respectively. Conclusion: The unsupervised use of abortion pills not only increases maternal morbidity but also has been associated with life threatening complications such as septic shock, haemorrhagic shock, ruptured ectopic pregnancy etc. Anaemia is one of the most common complication of unsupervised pill consumption and preventing the latter may obviate the need for blood transfusion.
Analysis of the Friction Mechanisms of DC04 Steel Sheets in the Flat Strip Drawing Test
Authors: Szewczyk Marek , Szwajka Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

This article presents the use of a specially designed flat strip drawing tester in order to assess the change in surface topography of DC04 steel sheets. The flat strip drawing test simulates friction conditions in the sheet metal-blankholder interface during deep drawing processes. Experimental tests were carried out at various nominal pressures and in dry friction and lubricated conditions. Two widely available gear and engine oils were used in the study. It was found that, in the range of pressures investigated between 3 and 12 MPa, 80W-90 gear oil provided a greater reduction in the value of the coefficient of friction (COF) than 5W-30 engine oil. Gear oil reduced the COF by an average of about 13.4 [%]. The lubrication efficiency depends on the pressure values; the greater the pressure, the lower the lubrication efficiency. A lowering of the value of the main amplitude surface roughness parameters Sa and Sq was generally observed. SEM analysis showed that even under lubrication conditions there was intense flattening of the roughness asperities of the sheet metal.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Narayanan Sriman , S Apeetha
Published: October 2022

Background: Cervical radiculopathy, commonly called a pinched nerve, occurs when a nerve in the neck is compressed or irritated where it branches away from the spinal cord and causes pain that radiates into the shoulder and/or arm, as well as cause muscle weakness and numbness. However, the pain or other symptoms often radiate to the parts of the body served by that nerve. The management available in the current mainstream is not satisfactory. We present a case of cervical radiculopathy, which was treated with the combination of ayurvedic panchakarma procedures and a combination of medications internally. Rationale of the case report: A 37- year- old female patient presented with neck stiffness, neck pain, and numbness at right hand and fingers for five years. Intervention: Ayurvedic procedures such as dhanyamla kizhi, dhanyamla dhara, marsha nasyam, along with internal ayurvedic medications, were carried out for 14 days, and surgery was prorogued as the patient responded positively. Result and outcome: There was a marked improvement in pain, stiffness, and range of movements of the neck. The outcome of this case report shows that cervical radiculopathy may be successfully managed with internal ayurvedic medicines along with panchakarma procedures.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF CYSTITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO USHNAVATA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: MP Eswara Sarma , PK Arathi
Published: October 2022

Cystitis is a condition of the urinary bladder in which diffuse inflammatory condition occurs, which may be due to an infectious or noninfectious aetiology that results in bleeding from the bladder mucosa. A 45-year-old male patient diagnosed with cystitis with recurrent hematuria was managed with Chiruvilvadi kashayam, Virataradi kashayam, Chandraprabha gulika and Cheriya antrakutaram gulika internally and dhanvantaram thailam pichu, avagaham with karanja, sigru, eranda, nirgundi patra, matra vasthi with pippalyadi anuvasana thailam and ksheeravasthi with gandharvahastadi kashayam. After completion of treatment, there was considerable relief in the primary complaints like foamy urine and low back pain associated with a burning sensation. This case report highlights the role of Ayurveda in the management of cystitis with recurrent hematuria and sheds light for further study on the same.
HARITAKI PATHYANAM: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Mohanty Bishnupriya , Tayshete Samruddhi Prashant , Das Sangram Keshari
Published: October 2022

Health is wealth. Everybody wants a healthy life, but it is challenging to maintain a healthy life in the present era due to faulty diet habits and lifestyles. A drug is mentioned in Ayurveda designated as Mata (mother) as beneficial to health to fulfil this purpose. In the absence of a mother or when a person becomes independent to live, even in the mother's absence, Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Ritz) is sufficient to care for or maintain physical-psychological equilibrium. It has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities associated with the biologically active compound. This drug belongs to the family Combretaceae, used extensively in the Indian system of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Tibetan and Homeopathy. Fruit is the main helpful part, named with several Sanskrit names like Abhaya, Amruta, Shiva, Pathya, Shreyasi, Kayastha and called Chebulic myrobalan in English. The detailed description of the plant, its seven varieties of fruit, medicinal uses as a single drug and in combination with different adjuvants in respect to the allotted seasons, different doses forms, various diseases condition, pharmacodynamic properties and systemic pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses, side effects and contraindications mentioned in classics are gathered here in this review article to highlight the multifaceted use and important use of this noble drug.
Problems Faced by Tribals in Collection and Marketing of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Kerala, India
Authors: Vijaykumar N. , Ushadevi K. N.
Published: October 2022

Aims: NTFPs play a key role in meeting the needs of tribal communities, especially in medicine, poverty reduction and livelihood improvement. For years tribals were involved in NTFPs collection, and it’s the main occupation for Kattunayakan tribes. Considering the importance of NTFPs, the present study focuses on analysing the problems faced by the tribals in Kerala while collecting and marketing NTFPs.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Wayanad district of Kerala State A sample of 65 Kattunayakan tribes who have been involved in NTFPs collection for the last six years were selected randomly. The primary survey was conducted through a pre-tested structured questionnaire during February to April 2022.

Methodology: Garrett’s ranking technique had been used to determine the most critical problem influencing the tribals in NTFPs collection and marketing. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides a clear picture of the orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of Kattunayakan tribes. Seasonal calendar used for exhibiting the collection details of NTFPs collected by Kattunayakan tribe by each month.

Results: The study highlighted that the low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals no guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were the major problems encountered by the tribals while collection and marketing of NTFPs

Conclusion: Low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals and inadequate availability of NTFPs in the forest were the major problems identified related to collection of NTFPs. Regarding marketing of NTFPs lack of guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were identified as the major problems by the tribals.
Predictors of Functionality of the Community-based Disease Surveillance and Notification System in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnebue Chinomnso Chinanuekpere , Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara , Nwabueze Simeon Achunam , Ezenyeaku Cyril Chukwuma , Okereke Uzoma C. , Okolie Martins N.
Published: October 2022

Background: Community-based disease surveillance systems (CBSS) are initiated to complement the health facility-based surveillance systems. The timeliness and completeness of reporting, CBSS as well as knowledge of CBSS among focal points, have been noted to influence the effectiveness of CBSS. However, some independent predictors, may play roles in the functionality of the CBSS. This study determines the key factors affecting the effectiveness of CBSS in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 360 community -based focal points in the State, selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained by interview using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires, except data on completeness of reporting which were obtained using observation checklist. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Tests of statistical significance were done using Fishers exact, chi-square cum t tests, ANOVA and binary logistic regression as appropriate. Level of statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results: The timeliness of reporting was (82.9%) with a completeness of (28.1%). The independent predictors of the functionality of the CBSS were means through which detected diseases were notified, availability of supervisors for focal points, keeping of records and giving feedback to the communities.

Conclusions: The index study reported high level of timeliness and poor completeness of reporting, as well as predictors of the sub-optimally functional CBSS in the State. There is need for sustained training and supervision of focal points, improved record keeping cum means of disease notification, and efficient feedback mechanism to the CBSS in Anambra State.
Child handbook: knowledge of primary care health professionals / Caderneta da criança: conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde da atenção básica
Authors: Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Ketes Moraes Joice , De Pelegrini Bissacot Carine , Pizarro Meneghello Luana , Gema Santini Costenaro Regina , Stein Backes Dirce
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica sobre o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança. Metodologia: Recorte de uma pesquisa ação realizada com 59 profissionais de saúde, sendo sete médicos, dez cirurgiões dentistas e 42 enfermeiros que atuavam na Atenção Básica num município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados de abril a julho de 2021, por meio de questionário online e analisados conforme Análise Textual Discursiva. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: Caderneta de saúde da criança e os aspectos facilitadores do processo de trabalho; Caderneta de saúde da criança e os aspectos que dificultam o processo de trabalho. Conclusão: Considera-se que o documento é atualizado e possibilita um cuidado sistematizado, no entanto, não é preenchido adequadamente por todos os profissionais, pois alguns desconhecem seu conteúdo e não entendem como parte fundamental no atendimento à criança.
Incidence of Emergency Department Visits for Sexual Abuse Among Youth in Hong Kong Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Luk Luke Y. F. , Yip Tsz Fung , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Ho Joshua W. K.
Published: October 2022

This cohort study assesses the incidence of emergency department (ED) visits in Hong Kong, China, for sexual abuse among youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
All Optimal Dosing Roads Lead to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring—Why Take the Slow Lane
Authors: Beumer Jan H. , Chu Edward , Salamone Salvatore J.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint discusses therapeutic drug monitoring as a necessary treatment paradigm and the need for regulatory agencies to provide the conditions to make it happen.
Sex and Gender Reporting in Ophthalmology
Authors: Aguwa Ugochi T. , Sun Grace , Woreta Fasika
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint advocates for precision of language in research that includes sex and gender data as well as sex and gender inclusivity in the field of ophthalmology and throughout academia.
Independent monitor unit verification for dynamic flattened beam plans on the Halcyon linac
Authors: Kubo Kazuki , Tamura Mikoto , Matsumoto Kenji , Otsuka Masakazu , Monzen Hajime
Published: October 2022

Independent monitor unit verification (MUV) methods for the dynamic beam‐flattening (DBF) technique have not been established. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether MU values for the DBF technique can be calculated using in‐air and in‐water output ratios (Sc and Scp). Sc and Scp were measured in the DBF mode, and the phantom scatter factor (Sp) was calculated. The difference between calculated and planned MUs with square and rectangle fields and clinical plans for different treatment sites was also evaluated. Sc values for the 4 × 4 to 24 × 24 cm2 fields of the distal multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) layer at 2‐cm intervals were 0.887, 0.815, 0.715, 0.716, 0.611, 0.612, 0.511, 0.373, 0.374, 0.375, and 0.374, respectively. No collimator exchange effect was observed. Sc also depends slightly on the field size of the distal MLC layer. If the distal‐MLC‐layered field size was less than 20% of the corresponding MLC sequence size in the proximal MLC layer, Sc was affected by >1%, which was compensated using a correction factor (CF). Sp increased as the field sizes of the MLC sequence and distal MLC leaves increased. MUs calculated using measured Sc, Sp, and CF for square and rectangle fields agreed with planned MUs within ±1.2%. A larger difference (−1.5%) between calculated and planned MUs was observed for clinical plans, whereas differences in MUs were within 2 MU for most fields (56 out of 64 fields). MU calculation for the DBF technique can be performed with Sc, Sp, and CF for independent MUV.
Cognitive dysfunction 1 year after COVID‐19: evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Carbone Federico , Zamarian Laura , Rass Verena , Bair Stefanie , Ritter Marcel , Beer Ronny , Mahlknecht Philipp , Heim Beatrice , Limmert Victoria , Peball Marina , Ellmerer Philipp , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Kofler Mario , Lindner Anna , Pfausler Bettina , Putnina Lauma , Kindl Philipp , Löffler‐Ragg Judith , Kiechl Stefan , Seppi Klaus , Djamshidian Atbin , Helbok Raimund
Published: October 2022

Increasing evidence suggests persistent cognitive dysfunction after COVID‐19. In this cross‐sectional study, frontal lobe function was assessed 12 months after the acute phase of the disease, using tailored eye tracking assessments. Individuals who recovered from COVID‐19 made significantly more errors in all eye tracking tasks compared to age/sex‐matched healthy controls. Furthermore, patients who were treated as inpatients performed worse compared to outpatients and controls. Our results show impaired inhibitory cortical control in individuals who recovered from COVID‐19. The association between disease severity and its sequelae may contribute to a better understanding of post‐COVID‐19 cognitive function.
Transient Spin Injection Efficiencies at Ferromagnet–Metal Interfaces
Authors: Elliott Peter , Eschenlohr Andrea , Chen Jinghao , Shallcross Sam , Bovensiepen Uwe , Dewhurst John Kay , Sharma Sangeeta
Published: October 2022

Spin injection across interfaces driven by ultrashort optical pulses on femtosecond timescales constitutes a new way to design spintronics applications. Targeted utilization of this phenomenon requires knowledge of the efficiency of non‐equilibrium spin injection. From a quantitative comparison of ab initio time‐dependent density functional theory and interface‐sensitive, time‐resolved non‐linear optical experiment, the spin injection efficiency (SIE) at the Co/Cu(001) interface is determined, and its microscopic origin, i.e., the influence of spin‐orbit coupling and the interface electronic structure, is discussed. Moreover, we theoretically predict that the SIE at ferromagnetic–metal interfaces can be optimized through laser pulse and materials parameters, namely the fluence, pulse duration, and substrate material.
The Structural Modulation of Amorphous 2D Tungsten Oxide Materials in Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Bo , Cicmancova Veronika , Ludvik Benes , Slang Stanislav , Kutalek Petr , Motola Martin , Wagner Tomas
Published: October 2022

2D oxide materials have gained tremendous attention in the applications. Herein, a synthesis route of 2D WO3 materials via magnetron sputtering is reported. A deposition between 2D monolayers and thin film structure are accomplished according to the temperature of substrate. And 2D monolayers are only formed on a cooled substrate. Ag doping helps to exfoliate 2D WO3 into freestanding monolayers, in which the thickness of 2D monolayer is only ≈3 nm. The ultralarge size of 2D WO3 shows unique features from the traditional 2D material. Resistive switching device and photocatalysis are discussed as examples of application. There is a clear intermediate resistance state in the device with 2D structure. And the failure of resistive switching device is closely related with the 2D structure of WO3. In the application of photocatalysis, an improved two‐step exfoliation, achieving a stack of WO3 monolayers with a large internal volume, is utilized. The enhancements of photocatalysis are obtained with 2D WO3 after exfoliation.
Low‐Cost and Large‐Scale Producible Biomimetic Radiative Cooling Glass with Multiband Radiative Regulation Performance
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Li Xiang , Wang Fuqiang , Yuan Weizhe , Cheng Ziming , Liang Huaxu , Yan Yuying
Published: October 2022

Common glass without spectral regulation effect cannot offer an energy‐saving function, and radiative cooling technology without visible transparency cannot satisfy the illumination and esthetic demands. Herein, the concept of utilizing a biomimetic beetle cuticle structure, guided by principles of Chinese Taoist philosophy, is proposed to accomplish efficient radiative regulation. Subsequently, low‐cost biomimetic radiative cooling (Bio‐RC) glass is presented, which can reduce the temperature of buildings throughout daytime by blocking near‐infrared (NIR) radiation, conveying visible light, and emitting heat within the atmospheric window. Utilizing only three layers of thin films, Bio‐RC glass achieves multi‐band spectral regulation, avoids a complicated preparation process, and has the potential for large‐scale production. Spectrometry reveals that Bio‐RC glass exhibits an effective visible light transmissivity of 80.5%, a mean NIR transmissivity of 10.3%, and an effective emissivity of 94.8% within the atmospheric window. A one‐month rooftop test demonstrates that Bio‐RC glass achieves a maximum cavity temperature reduction of 18.1 °C compared with common glass. Energy consumption analysis indicates that Bio‐RC glass can conserve approximately 23.4% of the total energy consumption per year compared with common glass. The proposed Bio‐RC glass can lower the temperature during daylight while preserving transparency and esthetics, making it suitable for application in buildings and vehicles.
Targeted and Infarcted Microenvironment‐Responsive Peptide Therapeutics to Reverse Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Qin Yu‐Yan , Li Songpei , Qin Aiping , Lin Yinshan , Ye Jinxian , Huang Yingying , Wang Jianglin , Liang Lu , Yu Xi‐Yong , Zhang Lingmin
Published: October 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to cardiac remodeling and heart failure ultimately. However, the present therapeutic approaches show limited effects on restoring the blood supply quickly and controlling cardiac remodeling effectively. Here, a novel strategy for the repair of the injured heart by using tannic acid (TA) to deliver the therapeutic Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is bio‐responsively released by the incorporation of matrix metalloproteinase cleavable peptide Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐Leu‐Ala‐Gly (TIMP), is developed. The NPY‐loaded nanostructure, designated as TNT (TA/NPY/TIMP), is evaluated for its therapeutic effects on cardiac remodeling after AMI in mice. TNT specifically targets to infarcted tissues and releases NPY in the AMI environment with abundant matrix metalloproteinase 2. Interestingly, it is found that TNT attenuates early post‐MI cardiac remodeling via increasing angiogenesis and the transition of M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype. This work contributes to developing a novel strategy for the recovery of cardiac functions after AMI.
Erector spinae plane block with catheter infusion for analgesia in a patient undergoing transaxillary first rib resection
Authors: McCance L. , Smith E. C. , Moore J. , Forget P.
Published: October 2022

Analgesia for first rib resection can be challenging with short‐ and long‐term consequences for patients such as acute distress, difficulty participating in physiotherapy and chronic pain. We report utilising an erector spinae plane block with a continuous infusion catheter as analgesia for a transaxillary first rib removal in a patient with venous thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget‐Schroetter syndrome). We could find no reports of erector spinae plane block in transaxillary rib resection, and a limited number of reports using a paravertebral approach to analgesia for this procedure. In our case, an erector spinae plane block provided effective analgesia, allowing the patient to participate freely in postoperative physiotherapy; no complications of erector spinae plane block were encountered. Further research into the safety and efficacy of erector spinae plane block for first rib resection is warranted.
Future changes of the extreme high‐temperature events influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan
Authors: Nishi Akifumi , Kusaka Hiroyuki
Published: October 2022

This study quantifies the future changes in extreme high‐temperature events (ETE) influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan, using numerical and sensitivity experiments based on regional climate modelling. Numerical simulations suggest that the contribution of foehn winds to ETEs is approximately 3.5°C in both the baseline (past) and future climate, and hence it remains unaffected by future climate change; however, the frequency of ETEs is influenced by foehn winds may increase by a factor of 1.5. This is due to the fact that the pressure gradient between land and sea (i.e., the pressure gradient driving the sea breezes) is expected to decrease during the daytime in the future, making it easier for foehn winds to reach Niigata; it also suggests that foehn winds, due to their high‐pressure pattern, which is easily affected by the weakening of the sea breezes, may increase in the future. Overall, to evaluate the regional effects of climate change, it is necessary to understand how future changes in local circulation will impact future changes in the regional climate.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy accompanied with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and encephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Qazi Saba Saleem , Danish Shiza , Akhai Anusha , Khwaja Hania , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Eljack Mohammed Mahmmoud Fadelallah , Farooqui Sabeeh Khawar , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib
Published: October 2022

Acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare condition associated with other common liver manifestations such as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP). We present a 27‐year‐old pregnant woman who developed hepatic encephalopathy and DIC after being diagnosed with Acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy.
Highly efficient approach to the synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane in a continuous‐flow microreactor
Authors: Xu Rong , Song Qingming , Li Chuang , Li Junfeng , Yang Hongjun , Chen Jian , Mao Zhipeng
Published: October 2022

2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane is an important organic compound widely used as a starting material in organic synthesis. It is mainly produced by the addition reaction of isoamylene and hydrochloric acid. As a raw material, isoamylene has a low boiling point and an extremely low flash point, making it a high‐risk material in large‐scale industrial productions. In this paper, a highly efficient production of 2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane was realized using a continuous flow micro‐channel reactor. Through the back pressure system of the reactor, the fluid pressure was increased, which elevated the reaction temperature, and enhanced the rate of reaction. The obtained optimal reaction conditions for the process were a reaction temperature of 90°C, pressure of 0.67 MPa, residence time of reactants of 15 min, n (hydrochloric acid):n (isoamylene) = 2.80:1.00, and v (hydrochloric acid):v (isoamylene) = 4.40:1.76. Compared with a batch process, the micro‐channel process significantly shortened the reaction time and conversion a continuous and an efficient production. Computational analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software was used to simulate the two‐phase flow in the micro‐channel reactor, and the results were consistent with the experimental results.
Production of NMSBA from the oxidation of NMST in the homogeneous Co/Mn/Br/H3PMoxW12−xO40 catalytic system
Authors: Long Xiang‐Li , Nie Xiao‐Feng , Song Lin‐Peng , Zhou Xin‐Zhi
Published: October 2022

2‐nitro‐4‐methylsulphonylbenzoic acid (NMSBA) is an important intermediate for the preparation of the highly effective herbicide mesotrione. NMSBA is produced from the oxidation of 2‐nitro‐4‐ methylsulphonyltoluene (NMST) by nitric acid commercially, which suffers from the serious problems of low yield and heavy pollution. In this paper, a homogeneous system consisting of Co/Mn/Br/ · H3PMoxW12−xO40 has been applied to catalyze the production of NMSBA by oxidizing NMST with oxygen in acetic acid. The experiments indicate that the best value of x in the phosphomolybdenum tungsten heteropoly acid is 3. The optimum composition of this catalyst system is 1163 ppm H3Pmo3W9O40 · 12.17H2O, 247.5 ppm Co, 453.5 ppm Mn, and 1075 ppm Br. Such a catalytic system is able to achieve a NMST conversion of 94.93% and a NMSBA selectivity of 99.84%. H3PMo3W9O40 exceeds both H3PMo12O40 and H3PW12O40 as a catalyst in the production of NMSBA from the oxidation of NMST by oxygen.
Local search five‐element cycle optimized reLU‐BiLSTM for multilingual aspect‐based text classification
Authors: Suresh Kumar K. , Helen Sulochana C.
Published: October 2022

Aspect‐based sentiment analysis has gained wide popularity due to its benefits of text extraction, classification, and ranking the overall sentiments of each feature extracted. However, the aspect‐based feature extraction techniques often result in acquiring more number aspects that refer to the same feature which arises the need for aspect‐based text classification. Since most of the existing techniques focus on monolingual aspect‐based sentimental analysis, we planned to develop a multilingual aspect‐based text classification for Indian languages. We perform the multilingual aspect‐based text classification on different morphologically rich and complex languages such as Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam, Bengali, Urdu, Telugu, and Sinhalese. To achieve this objective, in this article we present an optimized rectified linear unit (reLU) layer‐based bidirectional long short‐term memory (reLU‐BiLSTM) deep learning tool is developed. The parameters of the reLU‐BiLSTM architecture are optimized using the local search‐based five‐element cycle optimization algorithm (LSFECO) optimization algorithm. Initially, the proposed model preprocesses the multilingual texts obtained from the reviews using different techniques such as tokenization, special character removal, text normalization and so forth. The discrete and categorical features from the different languages are initially extracted by applying the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model which processes the sentences in the text in a layer‐by‐layer manner. The context learning and word embeddings (aspects) present in the text are identified using different approaches such as word mover's distance, continuous Bag‐of‐Words (CBOW), and Cosine similarity. The LSFECO optimized reLU‐BiLSTM architecture classifies the different aspects present in the embedding document to its corresponding classes (flowers, plants, animals, sports, politics, etc). The efficiency of the proposed methodology is evaluated using the text obtained from different text documents such as semantic relations from Wikipedia, Habeas Corpus (HC) Corpora, Sentiment Lexicons for 81 Languages, IIT Bombay English‐Hindi Parallel Corpus, and Indic Languages Multilingual Parallel Corpus. When compared to conventional techniques, the proposed methodology outperforms them in terms of entropy, coverage, purity, processing time, accuracy, F1‐score, recall, and precision.
Adsorption and Removal of Antibiotic Pollutants using CuO−Co3O4 Co‐modified Porous Boron Nitride Fibers in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bai Wenjuan , Wang Bozheng , Yang Shaobo , Yan Song , Cao Chaochao , Zhou Zheng , Ji Jiawei , Guo Kai , Tang Chengchun
Published: October 2022

The presence of antibiotic contaminants in aqueous environment already poses significant risks to ecological sustainability, biodiversity and human public health and safety. Therefore, it is urgent to develop practical water pollution control technologies and new materials. Here, we prepared CuO−Co3O4 co‐modified porous boron nitride fibers (P−BNFs) for the adsorption and removal of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in aqueous environment. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM and BET, and the adsorption behavior was explored by batch experiments. The results show that the removal percentage for doxycycline (DC) reaches 98.68 %, which was much higher than that of P−BNFs, and the modification results of P−BNFs with CuO or Co3O4 alone. After five regeneration cycles, the removal rate of DC by CuO−Co3O4/P−BNFs was still as high as 89.33 %. This is promising and indicates that the prepared CuO−Co3O4/P−BNFs adsorbent has good renewable recycling performance and practical application prospects.
Impact of corporate governance on environmental, social, and governance disclosure: Any difference between financial and non‐financial companies?
Authors: Ellili Nejla Ould Daoud
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the potential impact of corporate governance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure by differentiating between financial and non‐financial companies. Panel data regressions were applied to estimate these impacts using a sample of UAE‐listed firms during the period 2010–2019. In the estimations, different subsamples of financial and non‐financial companies were considered. The empirical results vary across financial and non‐financial companies but provide overall evidence of the positive impacts of institutional ownership, foreign ownership, board independence, and board diversity on ESG disclosure for both financial and non‐financial companies. Managerial ownership, blockholder ownership, and board size are negatively associated with non‐financial companies' ESG disclosure. This study is the first to provide a better understanding of the most effective UAE corporate governance mechanisms and the important role of ownership structure and board of directors in increasing ESG disclosure by differentiating between financial and non‐financial companies.
Design and implementation of ground power unit using a three‐level fault‐tolerant neutral point clamped inverter
Authors: Abbaspour Hasan , Madadi Kojabadi Hossein
Published: October 2022

Due to the widespread use of static power converters in various industries and sensitive applications such as ground power units (GPUs), it is essential that the inverters have high reliability. A failure in the inverters can cause undesirable consequences such as low performance, shutting down the system, and losing the stability of the entire system. On the other hand, in some critical industrial processes with high standstill costs and safety‐aspect concerns, such as aircraft, high reliability, and survivability of the system, are very important. Therefore, the use of fault‐tolerant (FT) inverters is inevitable in such applications. In this paper, using a three‐level fault‐tolerant neutral point clamped (FT‐NPC) inverter, the reliability of the GPUs is increased and it results in higher availability and continuous system performance. Furthermore, a simple automatic fault detection (FD) algorithm is presented by taking the inverter pole voltage as a FD parameter. The inverter is analyzed for open‐circuit fault in the switches, and the reliability of the FT‐NPC inverter is compared with the classic inverter. The simulation and experimental results of the 2‐kVA converter prototype are presented to confirm the FT inverter performance and the proposed method.