bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and Effectiveness of Switching to Abacavir/Lamivudine Plus Rilpivirine for Maintenance Therapy in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1 Patients in Singapore (SEALS)
Authors: Lim Alvin ZC , SR Grace , Ang Junhao , Teng Christine BC , Ang Li Wei , Lee Cheng Chuan , Leo Yee Sin , Law Hwa Lin , Ng Oon-Tek , Wong Chen Seong
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe efficacy and tolerability of an antiretroviral regimen are important considerations for selection of HIV-1 infection maintenance therapy. Abacavir/lamivudine plus rilpivirine (ABC/3TC+RPV) has been shown in international studies to be effective and well-tolerated in virologically suppressed patients. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of switching to ABC/3TC+RPV as maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 infected patients in Singapore.MethodsIn this retrospective, single-centre study, we included patients who were prescribed ABC/3TC+RPV, had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml immediately pre-switch, and had no documented history of resistance mutations or virologic failure to any of the components. Patients were followed up for 48+12 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who maintained virologic suppression of HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at the end of follow-up period based on on-treatment analysis. The secondary outcomes were the resistance profiles associated with virologic failure, changes in immunologic and metabolic parameters, and the safety profile of ABC/3TC+RPV.ResultsA total of 222 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome was achieved in 197 patients [88.8%, 95% confidence interval: 83.7%-92.4%]. There were 21 patients (9.5%) who discontinued treatment for non-virologic reasons. The remaining 4 patients experienced virologic failure, of whom, 3 of these patients had developed emergent antiretroviral resistance and had HIV-1 RNA >500 copies/ml at the end of the 48+12 weeks follow-up period. The remaining patient experienced sustained low level viremia and subsequently achieved viral suppression without undergoing resistance testing. A total of 49 adverse events were observed in 31 out of 222 patients (14.0%), which led to 13 patients discontinuing therapy. Neuropsychiatric adverse events were most commonly observed (57.1%). A statistically significant increase in CD4 was observed (p<0.01), with a median absolute change of 31 cells/uL (interquartile range: -31.50 to 140.75). No significant changes in lipid profiles were detected. ConclusionABC/3TC+RPV is a safe and effective switch option for maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients with in Singapore.
Gene expression profiles following active HE4 stimulation in epithelial ovarian cancer cells: microarray study and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhu Liancheng , Tan Mingzi , Xu Haoya , Lin Bei
Published: November 2020

Background: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel serum biomarker for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with high specificity and sensitivity, compared with CA125. Recent studies have focused on the roles of HE4 in promoting carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in EOC; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying HE4 stimulation and identifying key genes and pathways mediating carcinogenesis in EOC by microarray and bioinformatics analysis.Methods: We established a stable HE4-silenced ES-2 ovarian cancer cell line labeled as “S”; the S cells were stimulated with the active HE4 protein, yielding cells labeled as “S4”. Human whole-genome microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S4 and S cells. The “clusterProfiler” package in R, DAVID, Metascape, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to perform gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, and cBioPortal was used for WFDC2 coexpression analysis. The GEO dataset (GSE51088) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate the results. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and modular analyses were performed using Metascape and Cytoscape, respectively. Results: In total, 713 DEGs were identified (164 upregulated and 549 downregulated) and further analyzed by GO, pathway enrichment, and PPI analyses. We found that the MAPK pathway accounted for a significant large number of the enriched terms. WFDC2 coexpression analysis revealed ten WFDC2-coexpressed genes (TMEM220A, SEC23A, FRMD6, PMP22, APBB2, DNAJB4, ERLIN1, ZEB1, RAB6B, and PLEKHF1) whose expression levels were dramatically altered in S4 cells; this was validated using the GSE51088 dataset. Kaplan–Meier survival statistics revealed that all 10 target genes were clinically significant. Finally, in the PPI network, 16 hub genes and 8 molecular complex detections (MCODEs) were identified; the seeds of the five most significant MCODEs were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses and their clinical relevance was evaluated.Conclusions: Through microarray and bioinformatics analyses, we identified DEGs and determined a comprehensive gene network following active HE4 stimulation in EOC cells. We proposed several possible mechanisms underlying the action of HE4 and identified the therapeutic and prognostic targets of HE4 in EOC.
Antidepressant-like Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Insights from Relieves Neuroinflammation Mediated by P2X7R in Rat Model of Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress
Authors: Wang Yu , Meng Hong , Li Shaoyuan , He Xun , Zhang Yue , Wei Ruhan , Guo Xiao , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jinling , Hou Liwei , Wang Junying , Rong Peijing
Published: November 2020

Background: As a prevalent mental health condition, depression is believed to be mediated by stress-induced neuroinflammation. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been used in the treatment of depression as the latest neuromodulation therapy. However, the antidepressant mechanism of the treatment at the molecular level is still unclear. Our previous study evaluated the effectiveness of the taVNS in antidepressant-like behavior. The objective of this study is to explore the role of P2X7R mediated hippocampal neuroinflammation in taVNS’s antidepressant effect. Methods: Rat depression model was established by using a chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) method for five weeks. Starting from the 3rd week, taVNS intervention was applied through an electroacupuncture apparatus (HANS-100A, 2/15 Hz, 2mA) for 30 minutes every day for three weeks. Body weight test (BWT) and behavioral assessments such as open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were conducted on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. The protein levels of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus were examined using western blot. Moreover, P2X7R expressing cells were detected using immunohistochemistry.Results: The results showed that CUMS induced body weight loss and depression-like behavior in rats. Hippocampal neuroinflammation was upregulated, which was manifested in the higher expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. Interestingly, 3 weeks of the taVNS significantly reduced the depression-like behaviors and strengthen the growth of the body, and the CUMS-induced expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 was attenuated. We also found that P2X7R was expressed in microglia of the hippocampus.Conclusion: In summary, the taVNS has antidepressant effect. It alleviates hippocampal neuroinflammation, which may be related to the regulation of the initial signal of P2X7R.
A moderated-mediation model of fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sood Sarita , Sharma Ananya
Published: November 2020

A sudden outbreak of diseases poses a serious threat to mental health. Relying on strengths might mitigate negative mental health outcomes and promote positive mental health. Prior research suggests a potential moderated mediation effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being. Based on the Complete State Model and the Competence-Based Model of mental health, this study examined the relationship between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress moderated by resilience in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was employed. Data were collected online from 384 participants ( 270 females and 114 males, age range= 15 to 29 years). The participants had indirect exposure to COVID-19 through information from the media. Results demonstrated that fear of illness significantly predicts subjective psychological well-being both directly and indirectly. In addition, the moderated mediation effect of resilience was confirmed. Resilience moderated the indirect effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress. The magnitude of the indirect effect was contingent on resilience. Further, the effect of perceived distress on subjective psychological well-being is weakened as the level of resilience increases. This study contributes theoretically to a better understanding of the salutogenic effect of resilience on positive mental health during a pandemic. Based on the findings, implications and future directions are discussed.
Prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease; what do patients and care partners want to know?
Authors: Mank Arenda , Maurik Ingrid S van , Bakker Els D , Glind Esther MM van de , Jönsson Linus , Kramberger Milica , Novak Petr , Diaz Ana , Gove Dianne , Scheltens Philip , Flier Wiesje M van der , Visser Leonie NC
Published: November 2020

Background: Prognostic studies in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mainly predicted time to dementia. However, it is questionable whether onset of dementia is the most relevant outcome along the AD disease trajectory from the perspective of patients and their care partners. Therefore, we aimed to identify the most relevant outcomes from the viewpoint of patients and care partners. Methods: We used a two-step, mixed-methods approach. As a first step we conducted four focus groups in the Netherlands to elicit a comprehensive list of outcomes considered important by patients (n=12) and care partners (n=14) in the prognosis of AD. The focus groups resulted in a list of 59 items, divided into five categories. Next, in an online European survey, we asked participants (n=232; 99 patients, 133 care partners) to rate the importance of all 59 items (5-point Likert scale). As participants were likely to rate a large number of outcomes as ‘important’ (4) or ‘very important’ (5), we subsequently asked them to select the three items they considered most important. Results: The top-10 lists of items most frequently mentioned as ‘most important’ by patients and care partners were merged into one core outcome list, comprising 13 items. Both patients and care partners selected outcomes from the category ‘cognition’ most often, followed by items in the categories ‘functioning and dependency’ and ‘physical health’. No items from the category ‘behavior and neuropsychiatry’ and ‘social environment’ ended up in our core list of relevant outcomes.Conclusions: We identified a core list of outcomes relevant to patients and care partner, and found that prognostic information related to cognitive decline, dependency, and physical health are considered most relevant by both patients and their care partners.
Energy Efficient Routing for Multi-hop Clustered Wireless Sensor Network with SWIPT
Authors: Han Shu , Liu Xiaoming , Huang Hongyu , Wang Fei , Zhong Yuanhong
Published: November 2020

This paper considers combining simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique and routing technique, and applying them to multi-hop clustered wireless sensor networks (MCWSN), where each node can decode information and harvest energy from a received radio frequency signal. And the relay nodes in MCWSN can utilize the harvest energy to forward data to their next hop nodes according to the routing scheme. First, we formulate an energy-efficient routing problem of MCWSN with SWIPT. Then, a heuristic energy efficient cooperative SWIPT routing algorithm (EECSR) is presented to find a transmission path with the maximum energy efficiency. Specifically, In EECSR, the resource allocation problem in each hop of the path is transformed to some equivalent convex optimization problems, which are resolved via dual decomposition. Moreover, a distributed routing protocol based on EECSR is proposed.As far as we know, this is the first solution that considers energy efficiency optimization based on routing and SWIPT in MCWSN. Simulation results show that our EECSR algorithm has high energy efficiency and good robustness. And our distributed routing protocol has better real-time performance than traditional protocols.
Detection of a novel PAX6 mutation in a Chinese family with multiple ocular abnormalities
Authors: Ouyang Junyi , Cai Ziyan , Guo Yinjie , Nie Fen , Cao Mengdan , Duan Xuanchu
Published: November 2020

Background: Aniridia is a congenital, panocular disease affecting the cornea, anterior chamber angle, iris, lens, retina and optic nerve. PAX6 loss-of-function mutations were the most common cause of aniridia .Mutations throughout the PAX6 gene have been linked to a range of ophthalmic abnormalities, with distinct mutations at a given site within this gene leading to distinct phenotypic findings.This s tudy aimed to characterize genetic mutations associated with congenital aniridia in a Chinese family. Methods: The proband and the proband’s brother of this family underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as exome sequencing, with Next Generation Sequencing being used to confirm these results. Results: A novel mutation (c.114_119delinsAATTTCC:p.Pro39fs) in the PAX6 gene was identified in subjects III-2 and III-3 in these family, and both of these subjects exhibited complete aniridia, cataracts, glaucoma, high myopia, and foveal hypoplasia. Conclusions: We identified a novel PAX6 frameshift heterozygous deletion mutation in a Chinese family and determined that this mutation was a probable cause of various eye abnormalities in carriers.
Investigation on fluid flow heat transfer and frictional properties of Al2O3 nanofluids used in shell and tube heat exchanger
Authors: chandran sreejesh S R , Barik Debabrata , G ANSALAM RAJ T , ROY Reby
Published: November 2020

Nanofluids are generally utilized in providing cooling, lubrication phenomenon, controlling the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. In this work, nanoparticles of Al2O3 are added to the base fluid which flows through the counter flow arrangement in a turbulent flow condition. The hot and cold fluids used are ethylbenzene and water respectively and have different velocities on both shell and tube side. This study emphasizes the analysis of flow properties, friction loss, and energy transfer in terms of heat using nanofluid in the heat exchanger. The heat transfer rate of present investigation with nanoparticle addition is 4.63% higher in comparision to Dittus Boelter correlation. Apart from this, the obtained friction factor is 0.0376 very much closer to Gnielinski and Blasius correlations. This investigation proved that appropriate nanoparticle additions and baffle inclinations have fabulous impact upon the performance of heat exchanger and its effectiveness.
Development of Sustainable Phycoremediation with the help of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa for Textile Wastewater Analysis using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mishra Shubhangi , Srivast Pradeep , Singh Virendra , Sharma Monika
Published: November 2020

The uncontrolled utilization for the textile products is increasing year by year resulting with the elevating wastewater generated from the textile industries, which makes it among the prevalent sources of critical environmental deteoration issue globally. Products obtained from the dyes used are the primary toxic product for aquatic life, they cause aesthetic pollution, eutrophication, perturbation and increase in BOD and COD in aquatic life. Three types of textile wastewaters (Acid Yellow dye, Acid orange dye and Basic pink dye) has been used for wastewater treatment and microalgal (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) biomass production. Nitrogen content in textile wastewaters is very less, hence urea is used as nitrogen source in wastewater. Optimal growth condition (Urea-0.4g/L, wastewater- 40%(v/v)) is developed through Response surface methodology (RSM). The biomass productivity for chlorella sp. is 1.2-1.5 g/L/day in textile wastewaters. The reduction efficiency of COD, Nitrate-N Ammonia-N, Phosphate-P, and Dye(color) removal for Chlorella is 90-95%, 75-85%, 90-98%, 65-74% and 40-65%.After harvesting the Biomass by flocculation method it can be further used for biofuel production by in-situ transesterification.
La durabilité dans le nouveau droit des marchés publics : un changement de paradigme effectif ?
Authors: De Rossa Frederica , David Clarissa
Published: November 2020

La nouvelle Loi fédérale du 21 juin 2019 sur les marchés publics se propose de marquer un changement de paradigme vers des marchés publics durables, d’une part en introduisant les trois dimensions du développement durable parmi les buts de la loi et, d’autre part, en créant une place pour intégrer des critères liés à la durabilité aux différents stades de la procédure de passation. Dans cette contribution, les auteures analysent la portée de ces changements et parviennent à la conclusion que l’interprétation historique et systématique de la loi impose désormais aux adjudicateurs de prendre en compte les préoccupations écologiques et sociales à chaque fois qu’il paraît possible ; dans ce cadre, elles formulent des recommandations visant à favoriser la concrétisation effective du changement fondamental voulu par le législateur vers des marchés publics durables et non plus seulement orientés à l’efficacité économique.
Langit dan Bumi yang Baru: Eskatologi berdasarkan Teologi Biblika tentang Tempat Kediaman Allah
Authors: Yohanes Hendra
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Popular Christian eschatology tends to nullify the earth from the biblical image of the new heaven and earth. On the contrary, the biblical eschatology shows that the new heaven and earth will be the dwelling place of God who will ultimately be with the redeemed people. Using the method of intertextual exegesis, this study constructs a biblical eschatology in terms of the theme of the dwelling place of God that frames the biblical portraits of Eden in the first creation and the New Jerusalem in the new heaven and earth. Sinful humankind has been expelled from Eden, the first sanctuary, yet the New Jerusalem will be the holy dwelling place of God, where God’s people enjoying eternal life. The new heaven and new earth is the telos of God’s salvation plan where no sin defiles the cosmic temple anymore. The biblical eschatological hope promises God’s people about living as the royal priests on the earth that God will renew at the eschaton.

Abstrak

Eskatologi Kristen populer cenderung mengecualikan bumi dari gambaran alkitabiah langit dan bumi yang baru. Sebaliknya, eskatologi biblika menunjukkan bahwa langit dan bumi yang baru merupakan tempat kediaman Allah yang akhirnya akan bersama dengan umat tebusan-Nya. Penulis menggunakan metode eksegesis intertekstual untuk mengonstruksi eskatologi biblika berdasarkan tema tempat kediaman Allah yang membingkai gambaran-gambaran Alkitab, yakni Eden di dunia ciptaan yang pertama dan Yerusalem Baru di langit dan bumi yang baru. Manusia yang berdosa telah diusir dari Eden, tempat kudus yang pertama. Namun Yerusalem Baru merupakan tempat kediaman Allah yang kudus, di mana umat Allah akan menikmati kehidupan kekal. Langit dan bumi yang baru merupakan tujuan rencana keselamatan Allah, di mana tiada lagi dosa yang menajiskan bait semesta. Pengharapan eskatologis yang alkitabiah menjanjikan kehidupan umat Tuhan sebagai imamat rajawi di bumi yang akan dibarui oleh Allah pada eschaton.
Pesan Suci yang Terkontaminasi: Suatu Tinjauan atas Pendekatan Pascakolonial Sugirtharajah dan Konteks Indonesia
Authors: Hutabarat Haleluya Timbo
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The history of religions records the existence of persistent violence in religions. Many rulers, with the help of clergies, misuse sacred texts for their conquering interests. The coming of Christianity to Indonesia was linked to Western colonialism with its exploitating ambition. Todate, the fruit of the agenda of misusing Scriptures can still be found in the theology and traditions of the Indonesian churches. This study presents the post-colonial biblical criticism of Sugirtharajah as an inclusive, collaborative hermeneutic umbrella for efforts to liberatetexts, traditions, and contexts of Indonesia. Rasiah S. Sugirtharajah has pioneered the post-colonial biblical criticism as a hermeneutics that criticizes domination and alienation. This study looks at the relevance of Sugirtharajah’s thinking for the context of Indonesian Christianity. The methods used include qualitative literature review on the postcolonialpublication in Indonesia to find out the progress of the existing post-colonial hermeneutic works.

Abstrak

Sejarah agama-agama mencatat hadirnya kekerasan secara persisten. Penguasa, dengan bantuan rohaniwan, sering kali menyisipkan kepentingan penaklukannya ke dalam penggunaan ayat-ayat suci. Kekristenan di Indonesia datang berkaitan dengan kolonialisme Barat dengan ambisi eksploitatifnya. Dalam hal itu terjadi juga kolaborasi saling menguntungkan antara misionaris dan penguasa (ekonomi dan militer) kolonial. Produk agenda penundukan dan pembodohan yang menggunakan ayat-ayat Kitab Suci masih terasa dalam teologi dan tradisi gereja Indonesia hingga sekarang. Bentuk kolonialismebaru juga terus bermekaran di dalam dan sekitar gereja. Studi ini menyelidiki pendekatanhermeneutik yang dapat melawan upaya mengkontaminasi Kitab Suci. Studi ini menyuguhkan Kritik Alkitabiah Pascakolonial Sugirtharajah sebagai payung hermeneutis kolaboratif inklusif bagi banyak upaya membebaskan teks, tradisi, dan konteks. Metode yang dipakai adalah analisis historis mengikuti kerangka teori Sugirtharajah. Juga dilakukan tinjauan literatur terhadap buku-buku teologi bernafas pascakolonial yang banyak dipakai di Indonesia guna melihat sejauh mana upaya pascakolonial telah ada sekaligus perlu dikembangkan sesuai pemikiran Sugirtharajah. Hasil studi ini diharapkan bisa membantu kekristenan Indonesia untuk lebih merdeka dan terampil dalam membebaskan teks, teologi, tradisi, dan penafsiran Alkitab secara pascakolonial berdasarkan konteks semesta dan manusia Indonesia.
Synthesis of Hydroxybenzodiazepines with Potential Antioxidant and Antifungal Action
Authors: Caiana Elizeu , de Veras Bruno , de Souza Antônia , Queiroz Neide
Published: November 2020

Benzodiazepines derivatives are nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that have various industrial, synthetic, and medicinal applications. Therefore, its potential fully justifies every effort towards the improvement of new, selective, and competent production of these heterocyclic compounds. The novelty of this study encompasses the synthesis of new hydroxylated analogs of 1,5-benzodiazepine together with the evaluation of their biological potential as antioxidants and antifungals candidates. Additionally, the reported antifungal activity against fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex inaugurates an unprecedented property for this class of compounds. The results of biological activities assays suggest that the novel 2,7-dimethyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro1H-1,5-benzodiazepine possesses a high antifungal activity against all fungal strains evaluated of the Sporothrix genus and outstanding total antioxidant capacity. Besides, in silico studies have evidenced that the hydroxylated derivatives have the best aqueous solubility and cell permeability profile, which makes them superior in comparison with the commercial antifungal itraconazole, a drug commonly used in the treatment of sporotrichosis.
Sustainability requirements of implementing water-reuse concepts for new industrial park developments in water-stressed regions
Authors: Bauer S. , Dell A. , Behnisch J. , Linke H. J. , Wagner M.
Published: November 2020

Requirements for wastewater management and water-reuse concepts concerning sustainability are gaining greater importance, especially in times of climate change. Industrial park developments are often hindered due to water scarcity. Thus, nowadays, the reuse of wastewater is becoming more and more important to increase the availability of water and to enable new developments. The sustainable Industrial WasteWater Management Concept with the focus on Reuse (IW2MC → R) provides a solution strategy to produce reuse water from industrial wastewater within production plants. To achieve sustainability, certain requirements are essential since the reuse water can be provided directly via an optimized wastewater treatment process for subsequent use. Hence, it is then ‘fit for purpose’. This enables a more efficient application of reuse water. Furthermore, due to environmental issues, it is important to construct space-saving water resource recovery facilities for reducing land consumption within industrial parks.
Hydraulic jump on rough beds: conceptual modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Türker Umut , Valyrakis Manousos
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the effect of channel bed roughness on hydraulic jumps based on sound physical theories. Assuming that integrated bed shear stress due to surface roughness changes linearly with supercritical velocity, a novel definition for the shear force coefficient and for roller length were obtained. Experimental findings and Pearson's correlation verify that the developed equations perform reasonably well and they prove that a linear correlation assumption between integrated bed shear stress and supercritical velocity is valid for a Froude number between 1.1 and 9.8. The shear force coefficient is defined in terms of the Reynolds coefficient and the supercritical flow velocity is directly related to the modified Reynolds number. A new analytical equation for roller length as a function of the modified Reynolds number was also developed and validated by using data from the experimental study.
A characteristic study of Zea mays L. (sweet corn) cobs for synthetic dye degradation from aqueous media
Authors: Javed Iram , Javed Tariq , Khan Muhammad Naeem
Published: November 2020

The current study reports a systematic methodology of Zea mays L. (sweet corn) cobs (ZMLC) for the sequestration of synthetic dye (gentian violet) from aqueous solutions. Adsorbent was scrutinized by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry with pHpzc determination. The impact of various adsorption parameters including pH effect, ZMLC (sorbent) dosage, temperature, concentration and shaking time was examined. The equilibrium sorption isotherms were determined by the batch method from 283 to 303 K at pHpzc. Adsorption data were adjusted to four isothermal models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin's models, which presented the best adjustment to Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin's at 283 K. The kinetic profile fitted well to the pseudo-second order kinetic equation at three distinct concentrations 600, 700, 800 mg/L. Maximum sorption capacity was gained up to 700 mg.g−1 for gentian violet at pH 3, respectively. The adsorption process is endothermic, non-spontaneous, favorable thermodynamically due to positive values of entropy and Gibbs free energy and randomness decreases during the adsorption process. Furthermore, after biosorption onto ZMLC the dye can be desorbed effectively by using mineral base KOH solution. Consequently, the ZMLC is said to be a promising biosorbent to remediate gentian violet-contaminated water as well as wastewater.
Bacterial community dynamics in tropical soil after sewage sludge amendment
Authors: Lopes Bruna C. , Figueiredo Raíssa S. , Araújo Juliana C. , Matos Antonio T.
Published: November 2020

Although the widespread use of sewage sludge in developing countries is common, little is known about how sludge disposal can affect the microbial composition and diversity of tropical soils. We evaluated the effects of the sewage sludges of two types of anaerobic digestors differing, by the biological treatment they have undergone (uplow anaerobic sludge blanket and activated sludge digester), and two different disposal methods (surface and incorporated) on tropical soils. Samples were taken from topsoil (0–10 cm) and analyzed by amplifying the 16S rRNA genes to study the microbial community, and physicochemical analysis was performed concomitantly. The results indicated that, in general, sewage sludge amendment (SSA) significantly changed the tropical soil bacterial community by the sludge type and by application method. Moreover, the redundancy analysis diagram indicates that changes in soil chemical parameters over time due to SSA resulted in changes in the bacterial community's composition, increasing the population responsible for recycling nutrients in the soil.
The Relationship of Anxiety Level to Marital Adjustment and Sexual Satisfaction in Pregnant Women
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Tuğba , ERSAHİN SÖYLEMEZ Neslihan , SÖYLEMEZ İbrahim
Published: November 2020

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether anxiety levels were related to marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction in pregnant women. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at a gynecology and obstet¬rics outpatient clinic between June and August 2020 and included 70 pregnant women. The Turkish versions of the Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS), the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate the participants. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate the normal distribution of the data and the relationship between the BAI and the GRISS and MAS, respectively. Results: The mean participant age was 27.97±3.83 years. Of all participants, 47.1% had a high school degree, 70% had an income of ₺3000 to ₺10000, 68.6% were working women, and 31.4% were smokers. Fifty-two (74.3%) had been married for 1 to 3 years. The mean BAI score was 10.66±9.45, indicating mild anxiety. The mean MAS score was 37.71±10.11, indicating mari¬tal maladjustment. The mean GRISS score was 31.30±12.28, which indicated no sexual dys¬function. We found a negative correlation between anxiety and marital adjustment (p=0.020) and a positive correlation between anxiety and sexual dysfunction (p=0.006). Conclusion: The anxiety level of pregnant women can be affected by marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction. Pregnant women with marital maladjustment should be assessed for anxiety in pregnancy during their visits to healthcare centers.
New Insights on Fak and Fak Inhibitors
Authors: Brullo Chiara , Tasso Bruno
Published: November 2020

Background:

Focal adhesion kinase (Fak) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase
overexpressed and activated in different solid cancers; it has shown an important
role in metastasis formation, cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis and consequently
it has been proposed as a potential target in cancer therapy, particularly in a metastatic
phase. In recent years, different investigations have highlighted the importance of new
Fak inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs, but other studies evidenced its role in different
pathologies related to the cardiac function or viral infection.

Methods:

An extensive bibliographic research (104 references) has been done concerning
the structure of Fak, its importance in tumor development, but also in other pathologies
currently under study. The compounds currently subjected to clinical studies were
therefore treated using the appropriate databases. Finally, the main chemical scaffolds
currently under preclinical investigation were analyzed, focusing on their molecular structures
and on the activity structure relationships (SAR).

Results:

At the moment, only a few reversible ATP-competitive inhibitors are under investigation
in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Other compounds, with different
chemical scaffolds, are investigated to obtain more active and selective Fak inhibitors.
This mini-review is a summary of different Fak functions in cancer and other pathologies;
the compounds today in clinical trials and the recent chemical scaffolds (also included
in patents) giving the most interesting results are investigated. In addition, PROTAC
molecules are reported.

Conclusion:

All reported results evidenced that additional studies are necessary to design
and synthesize new selective and more active compounds, although promising information
has been obtained from associations between Fak inhibitors and other different anti-
cancer drugs. In addition, the other important roles evidenced, both at the nuclear level
and in non-cancerous cells, make this protein an increasingly important target in pharmaceutical
chemistry.
Palladium Promoted Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide with Polar or Non-polar Olefinic Monomers
Authors: Zong Yanlin , Li Qiankun , Mu Hongliang , Jian Zhongbao
Published: November 2020

The copolymers of carbon monoxide (CO) and olefins, namely polyketones, are a
family of widely used materials. In the catalytic preparation of these materials, palladium(II)
catalysts represent the most successful catalytic systems. The production of both alternating
and non-alternating polyketones has been achieved, with a great difference in their physical
properties. Herein, a variety of palladium(II) catalysts, employed for the copolymerization of
CO with various olefinic monomers, such as ethylene, α -olefins, styrene and polar vinyl
monomers, are fully summarized. The influence of important factors, such as solvents and
counterions on specific copolymerization, is also discussed. This review aims to enlighten the
design of new Pd catalysts with improved properties, as well as the development of new
polyketone materials.
Characterization of the Chloroplast Genome Facilitated the Transformation of Parachlorella kessleri-I, A Potential Marine Alga for Biofuel Production
Authors: Nawkarkar Prachi , Chugh Sagrika , Sharma Surbhi , Jain Mukesh , Kajla Sachin , Kumar Shashi
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

The microalga Parachlorella kessleri-I produces high biomass and lipid content
that could be suitable for producing economically viable biofuel at a commercial scale. Sequencing
the complete chloroplast genome is crucial for the construction of a species-specific chloroplast
transformation vector.

Methods:

In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence (cpDNA) of P. kessleri-I was assembled;
annotated and genetic transformation of the chloroplast was optimized. For the chloroplast
transformation, we have tested two antibiotic resistance makers, aminoglycoside adenine transferase
(aadA) gene and Sh-ble gene conferring resistance to spectinomycin and zeocin, respectively.
Transgene integration and homoplasty determination were confirmed using PCR, Southern blot and
Droplet Digital PCR.

Results:

The chloroplast genome (109,642 bp) exhibited a quadripartite structure with two reverse repeat
regions (IRA and IRB), a long single copy (LSC), and a small single copy (SSC) region. The genome
encodes 116 genes, with 80 protein-coding genes, 32 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. The cpDNA provided
essential information like codons, UTRs and flank sequences for homologous recombination to
make a species-specific vector that facilitated the transformation of P. kessleri-I chloroplast. The
transgenic algal colonies were retrieved on a TAP medium containing 400 mg. L-1 spectinomycin, but
no transgenic was recovered on the zeocin-supplemented medium. PCR and Southern blot analysis ascertained
the transgene integration into the chloroplast genome, via homologous recombination. The
chloroplast genome copy number in wildtype and transgenic P. kessleri-I was determined using Droplet
Digital PCR.

Conclusion:

The optimization of stable chloroplast transformation in marine alga P. kessleri-I should
open a gateway for directly engineering the strain for carbon concentration mechanisms to fix more
CO2, improving the photosynthetic efficiency and reducing the overall biofuels production cost.
Genome-wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of Basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Gene Family in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Ke Qinglin , Tao Wenjing , Li Tingting , Pan Wenqiu , Chen Xiaoyun , Wu Xiaoyu , Nie Xiaojun , Cui Licao
Published: November 2020

Background:

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor is one of the most important
gene families in plants, playing a key role in diverse metabolic, physiological, and developmental
processes. Although it has been well characterized in many plants, the significance of the
bHLH family in barley is not well understood at present.

Methods:

Through a genome-wide search against the updated barley reference genome, the genomic
organization, evolution and expression of the bHLH family in barley were systematically analyzed.

Results:

We identified 141 bHLHs in the barley genome (HvbHLHs) and further classified them into
24 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. It was found that HvbHLHs in the same subfamily
shared a similar conserved motif composition and exon-intron structures. Chromosome distribution
and gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplication mainly contributed to the expansion
of HvbHLHs and the duplicated genes were subjected to strong purifying selection. Furthermore, expression
analysis revealed that HvbHLHs were widely expressed in different tissues and also involved
in response to diverse abiotic stresses. The co-expression network was further analyzed to underpin
the regulatory function of HvbHLHs. Finally, 25 genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation, the expression
profiles of HvbHLHs showed diverse patterns, demonstrating their potential roles in relation
to stress tolerance regulation.

Conclusion:

This study reported the genome organization, evolutionary characteristics and expression
profile of the bHLH family in barley, which not only provide the targets for further functional analysis,
but also facilitate better understanding of the regulatory network bHLH genes involved in stress
tolerance in barley.
The Current View on the Helicase Activity of RNA Helicase A and Its Role in Gene Expression
Authors: Pan Yuan-Qing , Xing Li
Published: November 2020

RNA helicase A (RHA) is a DExH-box helicase that plays regulatory roles in a variety
of cellular processes, including transcription, translation, RNA splicing, editing, transport, and processing,
microRNA genesis and maintenance of genomic stability. It is involved in virus replication,
oncogenesis, and innate immune response. RHA can unwind nucleic acid duplex by nucleoside
triphosphate hydrolysis. The insight into the molecular mechanism of helicase activity is fundamental
to understanding the role of RHA in the cell. Herein, we reviewed the current advances
on the helicase activity of RHA and its relevance to gene expression, particularly, to the genesis of
circular RNA.
Treatment Strategies Against Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Success so Far and the Road Ahead
Authors: Awasthi Ankit , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kumar Bimlesh , Gulati Monica , Kumar Rajesh , Wadhwa Sheetu , Khursheed Rubiya , Corrie Leander , KR Arya , Kumar Rajan , Patni Pooja , Kaur Jaskiran , Vishwas Sukriti , Yadav Ankit
Published: November 2020

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the leading complications of type-2 diabetes
mellitus. It is associated with neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb in
patients with diabetes. There are four stages of wound healing, namely hemostasis phase, inflammatory
phase, proliferative phase and maturation phase. In the case of DFU, all these stages are disturbed
which lead to delay in healing and consequently to lower limb amputation. Conventional
dosage forms like tablets, creams, ointments, gels and capsules have been used for the treatment of
diabetic foot ulcer for many years.

Introduction:

In this review, the global prevalence as well as etiopathogenesis related to diabetic
foot ulcer have been discussed. The potential role of various synthetic and herbal drugs, as well as
their conventional dosage forms in the effective management of DFU have been discussed in detail.

Methods:

Structured search of bibliographic databases from previously published peer-reviewed research
papers was explored and data has been represented in terms of various approaches that are
used for the treatment of DFU.

Results:

About 148 papers, including both research and review articles, were included in this review
to produce a comprehensive as well as a readily understandable article. A series of herbal and
synthetic drugs have been discussed along with their current status of treatment in terms of dose
and mechanism of action.

Conclusion:

DFU has become one of the most common complications in patients having diabetes
for more than ten years. Hence, understanding the root cause and its successful treatment is a big
challenge because it depends upon multiple factors such as the judicious selection of drugs as well
as proper control of blood sugar level. Most of the drugs that have been used so far either belong to
the category of antibiotics, antihyperglycaemic or they have been repositioned. In clinical practice,
much focus has been given to dressings that have been used to cover the ulcer. The complete treatment
of DFU is still a farfetched dream to be achieved and it is expected that combination therapy
of herbal and synthetic drugs with multiple treatment pathways could be able to offer better management
of DFU.
Withdrawal Notice: An Energy Efficient Spectrum Aware Routing
for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs)
Authors: Bolla Dileep Reddy , J Jijesh J , Penna Mahaveer , Shankar Shiva
Published: November 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal International Journal of Sensors, Wireless
Communications and Control due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Docking Simulations Exhibit Bortezomib and other Boron-containing Peptidomimetics as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Vega-Valdez Iván R , Melvin N. Rosalez , José M. Santiago-Quintana , D. Farfán-García Eunice , Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
Published: November 2020

Background::

Treatment of the COVID19 pandemic requires drug development.
Boron- containing compounds are attractive chemical agents, some
of them act as proteases inhibitors.

Objective::

The present study explores the role of boronic moieties in molecules
interacting on the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Methods::

Conventional docking procedure was applied by assaying boron-free
and boron-containing compounds on the recently reported crystal structure of
SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB code: 6LU7). The set of 150 ligands includes
bortezomib and inhibitors of coronavirus proteases.

Results::

Most of the tested compounds share contact with key residues and pose
on the cleavage pocket. The compounds with a boron atom in their structure are
often estimated to have higher affinity than boron-free analogues.

Conclusion::

Interactions and the affinity of boron-containing peptidomimetics
strongly suggest that boron-moieties increase affinity on the main protease,
which is tested by in vitro assays. A Bis-boron-containing compound previously
tested active on SARS-virus protease and bortezomib were identified as potent ligands.
These advances may be relevant to drug designing, in addition to testing
available boron-containing drugs in patients with COVID19 infection.
The Effect of Clove's and Lemongrass's Essential Oil in Basal Feed on Performances and Hematology Profile of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors:   Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia  Animal Health Study Program  Department of Bioresource Technology and Veterinary  Vocational College  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Baidlowi Ahmad , Nesti Dela Ria ,   Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia  Animal Health Study Program  Department of Bioresource Technology and Veterinary  Vocational College  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Tjahajati Ida ,   Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia  Animal Health Study Program  Department of Bioresource Technology and Veterinary  Vocational College  Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: November 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s essential oil (EO) in basal feed on performances and hematology profile of Sterptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 20 rats aged 40 days were divided into four groups of feed treatments, which are: negative control feed (basal feed-non-diabetic) (R1); positive control feed (commercial diabetic food) (R2); basal feed+Clove’s EO (R3); and basal feed+Lemongrass’s EO (R4). Each treatments using 5 rats. Collected data were performances and blood hematology profile. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, the significance of different was tested using Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The result from this research showed that Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO were significantly affected (P<0.05) on post-induction initial weight (5.41%; 3.30%; and 5.21%) compared to R2 group. It also significantly affected (P<0.05) on total gain (56.66% and 3.30%) and final weight (5.47% and 3.48%) compared to R1 group. Hematology profile’s data showed that both of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO did not affect to erythrocyte level, however, Clove’s EO did significantly affect to thrombocyte, hemoglobin and leukocyte level compared to R2 group, consecutively: (25.70%; 87.79%; and 37.59%), while Lemongrass’s EO significantly affected hemoglobin level (51.17%) compared to R2 group. It can be concluded that the addition of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO on basal feed could maintain the performance and improve the hematology profile of diabetic rat.