bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for Recurrent Osteosarcoma with Serial Monitoring Using Liquid Biopsy: A Report from the National Pediatric Cancer Foundation
Authors: Dhir Aditi , Hayashi Masanori , Bodlak Avery , Oesterheld Javier , Loeb David M. , Mascarenhas Leo , Isakoff Michael S. , Sandler Eric S. , Borinstein Scott C. , Trucco Matteo , Lagmay Joanne P. , Setty Bhuvana A. , Pratilas Christine A. , Caywood Emi , Metts Jonathan , Yin Hong , Fridley Brooke , Yin Jun , Laborde Jose , Reed Damon R. , Adams Daniel L. , Wagner Lars M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel is often used to treat patients with recurrent osteosarcoma. Nab-paclitaxel has preclinical activity against osteosarcoma and is potentially less myelosuppressive than docetaxel. We conducted a prospective multi-institutional phase II trial combining gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel for patients aged 12 to 30 years with recurrent osteosarcoma and measurable disease.

Patients and Methods:

A Simon’s two-stage design was used to test a 4-month progression-free survival (PFS-4) of 10% vs. 35%. Patients received nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 weekly × 3 in 4-week cycles. Immunohistochemical analysis of archival tissue and serial assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing were performed to identify potential biomarkers of response.

Results:

Eighteen patients received 56 total cycles (median 2, range 1–12). Two patients (11%) experienced confirmed partial response and six (33%) received >2 cycles. The PFS-4 was 28% (95% confidence interval, 13%–59%). Six patients required dose reductions and three patients were removed due to toxicities. All 18 patients had detectable CTCs and 10 had ctDNA identified. All eight patients with MYC amplification at study entry experienced disease progression.

Conclusions:

Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel demonstrated similar clinical activity and toxicity compared to previous retrospective reports utilizing gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with recurrent osteosarcoma. Serial analysis of CTC and ctDNA was feasible in this prospective multi-institution study and provides preliminary data on the use of these assays in patients with relapsed disease.
Figure S2 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: October 2024

Figure S2 – FLT3 and CD99 surface level expression in primary blasts of sample USC001 and USC100.
Assessment of Intestinal Free Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Alopecia Areata Patients
Authors: Soliman A.E. , Shaker Olfat , El-Tahlawi Samar M. , Abdaltwab Mahgoub Ghada , Yaseen Sara M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss. High levels of FABP4 have been implicated in different inflammatory diseases. We aim to assess and correlate the level of FABP4 in AA patients and compare with healthy controls. Methods: Eighty-Eight subjects enrolled subdivided equally into AA and healthy controls. AA patients were classified according to the severity and pattern of the disease. The concentration level of FABP4 in serum was assessed and compared to healthy controls using ELISA. Results: The level of FABP4 tends to increase in AA patients than controls with a significant difference (p = 0.0001).There were no statistically significant differences between FABP4 and gender, history, family history, related diseases, or prior treatments. There is a high significant difference between patients with relapse and progressive patients with p = 0.037. Also patients with positive effects in other body sites have higher FABP4 levels than patients without infection in other sites with p = 0.05. The level of FABP4 tends to increase with the severity of the patients. Findings show that there are positive correlations between FABP4 and (disease duration; number of attacks; SALT Score) with r = 0.45, p = 0.0021; r = 0.41, p = 0.007, and r = 0.88, p < 0.0001, respectively. Conclusion: Elevation of FABP4 in serum may correlate with disease severity and could play a vital role in the diagnosis of AA.
Coexistence of Celiac Disease and Allergic Wheat Sensitivity: An Observational Study of Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Onalan Tugba , Colkesen Fatih , Akcal Tacettin , Gerek Mehmet Emin , Akkus Fatma Arzu , Evcen Recep , Kilinc Mehmet , Aykan Filiz Sadi , Arslan Sevket
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Although separate immunogenic mechanisms are involved, IgE-type sensitization to wheat and celiac disease (CD) may coexist. We observationally assessed the importance of this relationship in daily practice using CD and wheat sensitization screenings. Methods: Celiac antibody (CA) screening and food prick tests (FPTs) were requested simultaneously from patients who presented to the Allergy Clinic between January 2022 and December 2023 and had any complaint accompanied by CD symptoms/findings (non-celiac group). Patients with positive CA (CA+) underwent endoscopy. As another group, FPT results were recorded for patients previously diagnosed with CD following a gluten-free diet (celiac group). Results: In total, 169 patients (124 non-celiac and 45 celiac) were included in the study. Wheat prick positivity (WP+) was observed in 1 patient with CD. Among 65 WP+ patients without a CD diagnosis, 14 (20.3%) tested positive for CA+, and histopathology detected CD in 4 of these cases. Among the 59 WP– patients, 4 (8.8%) had CA+. The CA+ status of those with WP+ was significantly higher than those with WP– (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The 4 patients unaware of their CD exhibited WP+, with a higher rate of CA+ observed in the WP+ group. The association between WP+ and CA+ suggests that an impaired intestinal barrier may lead to simultaneous T helper 1 and 2 type inflammatory responses. Although different types of sensitization to the same food would not typically be expected, growing evidence indicates that this phenomenon does occur. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying causes.
Initial Experience of Long-Term Prophylaxis with Lanadelumab for Hereditary Angioedema in China: A Clinical Observation Study on Six Patients
Authors: Yao Wo , Diao Ran , Yang Boyun , Wang Yongfang , Li Bohui , Li Ting , Ge Liuya , Yu Yongmei , Zhu Rongfei , Wang Huiying
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency or dysfunction of C1-esterase inhibitor that is characterized by recurrent episodes of bradykinin-mediated edema. Lanadelumab has been the only available first-line therapy for long-term prophylaxis (LTP) of HAE in China since its approval in 2020. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of lanadelumab for LTP in Chinese patients. Methods: A retrospective clinical data were collected for the 6 patients and used to examine the frequency of attack symptoms, disease-related loss of work days, and quality of life before and after LTP with lanadelumab. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL). Results: Lanadelumab led to reductions of 97.8% and 98.5% in the attack rate and treated attack rate, respectively. All patients exhibited significant improvements in AE-QoL and DLQI scores (100% reduction rates) during the early treatment period (4 weeks and 2 weeks, respectively) and in missed work days/year (98.9% reduction rate). The efficacy of lanadelumab remained stable during COVID-19 vaccination and infection. No serious/severe treatment-emergent adverse events occurred during lanadelumab treatment. Conclusion: This study is the first report that demonstrates the clinical efficacy of lanadelumab and safety of LTP in HAE patients from Chinese mainland. A reasonable dosage plan can ensure a quick and long-lasting protective role of lanadelumab against HAE attacks, during COVID-19 pandemic period.
Comparison of the Role of Anticholinergics and α-1 Adrenergic Blockers in Bladder Management in Posterior Urethral Valves: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Bade Ramyasree , Mahajan Jai Kumar , Kalavant Akshay , Behera Saswati , Singhai Palak , Saxena Akshay
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a major cause of congenital bladder dysfunction, often persisting despite treatment. Emerging therapies, including anticholinergics and α-1 blockers, offer potential but lack clear guidelines. This study evaluates their effectiveness in improving bladder function after valve fulguration. Methods: Twenty PUV patients, aged ≥3 years, were randomized into anticholinergic (group A, n = 11) and α-1 adrenergic blocker (group B, n = 9) groups post-fulguration. Follow-up included clinical, radiological, and urodynamic assessments 6 months posttreatment initiation. Results: In group A, the mean maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet) decreased from 30.17 to 23.45 cm H2O (p = 0.033). Two patients normalized from high detrusor pressure (>40 cm H2O). In group B, 1 patient retained high detrusor pressure posttreatment. Group B improved in average urinary flow (Q avg) and maximum flow rate (Q max), with all patients having initially low Q avg (<10 mL/s). Two group B patients showed improved average flow rates posttreatment (p = 0.016); three in group A showed improvement but were not statistically significant (p = 0.197). Q max/flow time ratio was abnormal in all group B patients pretreatment. Two of the nine improved posttreatment, while only one in group A did. Conclusions: Anticholinergic medications positively impact cystometric parameters and are effective for detrusor instability and low compliance bladder. α-Adrenergic blockers influence uroflow parameters and can help treat bladder outflow obstruction. Consideration for a larger study with extended follow-up is warranted.
Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in First-Line Treatment and at Relapse in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Klein Eva-Maria , Hujic Sejla , Miah Kaya , Benner Axel , Merz Maximilian , Bertsch Uta , Weinhold Niels , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Sauer Sandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Although recent data suggest that melphalan high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) is safe and effective in eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients up to the age of 75 years, its value in elderly MM patients is still controversially discussed. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 607 MM patients ≥60 years old, who were admitted to our institution for first-line or salvage HDT/ASCT between January 2007 and October 2018. We assigned them to three groups according to age at HDT/ASCT: 60–64 years (S1), 65–69 years (S2) and ≥70 years (S3). We compared progression-free and overall survival, duration of hospitalization, complications, transfers to intermediate or intensive care unit, readmissions after discharge and deaths within 100 days after HDT/ASCT between these groups. Results: Age did not impact progression-free and overall survival after first-line and salvage HDT/ASCT. Patients ≥70 years old at first HDT/ASCT had a longer hospitalization compared to patients 60–64 years old; however, the difference in the length of hospitalization was only marginal. Rates of febrile neutropenia, mucositis, transfers to intermediate or intensive care unit, readmissions after discharge, and deaths within 100 days after HDT/ASCT were similar in the 3 age groups of patients receiving first or salvage HDT/ASCT. Patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2 receiving first HDT/ASCT had a higher risk for a transfer to intermediate or intensive care unit. Conclusion: Our analysis shows that HDT/ASCT is safe and effective in eligible elderly MM patients in first-line treatment and at relapse. A careful patient selection according to biological rather than chronological age is of crucial importance.
Efficacy and Safety of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Analogues for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dolovitsch de Oliveira Fabiana , Khalil Samira Mohamad , Sato Emmily Daiane Buarque de Santana , de Souza Matheus Henrique Gonçalves , Meine Gilmara Coelho
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues may benefit patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of FGF21 analogues versus placebo for treating patients with MASH in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Primary outcomes were fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of MASH and MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis. Secondary outcomes were relative reduction ≥30% of the hepatic fat fraction (HFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and adverse events (AEs). Results: We included 7 RCTs (886 patients). FGF21 analogues had a higher probability of fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of MASH (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.22), MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis (RR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.06), and reduction ≥30% in the HFF by MRI-PDFF (RR: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.33) than placebo, without significant difference in the risk of AEs. Subgroup analyses by the stage of fibrosis showed that FGF21 analogues improved fibrosis only among patients with fibrosis stages F1–F3. Conclusion: FGF21 analogues appear to be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with MASH, although the impact on fibrosis improvement may be limited to non-cirrhotic patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Faricimab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, and Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nichani Prem A.H. , Popovic Marko M. , Mihalache Andrew , Pathak Ananya , Muni Rajeev H. , Wong David T.W. , Kertes Peter J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has become the mainstay of treatment in many retinal diseases. The comparative efficacy and safety of newer bispecific anti-VEGF/angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) agents in the treatment paradigm versus widely used monospecific anti-VEGF agents remains unclear. Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify comparative observational studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2015 to Jul 2024. With assessment by three independent reviewers, original English peer-reviewed full-text articles evaluating faricimab versus monospecific anti-VEGF agent(s) in FDA-indicated retinal disease with data on at least one set of efficacy and/or safety outcomes for each treatment arm and a minimum 3-month follow-up period were included. Data were appraised using the Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools, PRISMA, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. All outcomes were collected at the last follow-up. Random effects meta-analyses with 95% confidence intervals were conducted to calculate weighted mean differences and risk ratios. Change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, ETDRS letters), change in central subfield thickness (CSFT, μm), and presence of retinal fluid were primary endpoints; ocular adverse events were secondary endpoints. Results: Across 13 studies, in the context of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO), 2,226 eyes received anti-VEGF monotherapy and 3,022 received faricimab. Final and change in BCVA were similar between treatment groups. Faricimab was associated with a significantly higher reduction in CSFT in DME and RVO eyes but not in nAMD eyes. The incidence of ocular adverse events was similar between groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in BCVA between faricimab and anti-VEGF monotherapy in nAMD, DME, and RVO. While faricimab offered superior improvement in CSFT at the final follow-up for DME and RVO eyes, this effect was not seen in nAMD eyes. Future studies are needed to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of faricimab for retinal vascular disease.
Baseline Blood Pressure Was Associated with Hemispheric Cerebral Blood Flow in Acute Small Subcortical Infarcts
Authors: He Zhijiao , Hong Lan , Ling Yifeng , Li Siyuan , Liu Xinyu , Wang Xinru , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin
Published: October 2024

Introduction: While increased baseline blood pressure (BP) is a prevalent comorbidity in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, the association between baseline BP and the state of hemispheric perfusion in patients with acute small subcortical infarcts (SSIs) has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline BP and hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) in acute SSIs. Methods: This retrospective study included 101 patients with acute SSIs. Baseline hemispheric CBF was assessed through co-registration of baseline CT perfusion imaging and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging. The association between baseline BP, CBF, and different cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) biomarkers was assessed. Results: Baseline systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were negatively associated with contralateral hemispheric CBF after multivariate-adjusted linear analysis (SBP: β = −0.001, 95% CI: −0.002 to 0.000, p = 0.030; DBP: β = −0.002, 95% CI: −0.003∼0.001, p = 0.006). Among other CSVD biomarkers, the presence of any cerebral microbleeds showed a significant association with lower CBF in the contralateral hemisphere of the infarct lesion (r = −0.270, p = 0.035). Conclusion: In patients with acute SSIs, increased baseline BP was associated with reduced CBF in the contralateral hemisphere of the infarct lesion, which probably could be interpreted by the exacerbation of the CSVD burden, suggesting a potential mechanistic link between BP autoregulation dysfunction and the aggravation of neurovascular impairment in SSIs.
Childhood Developmental Milestones and Risk of Adult Cerebrovascular Disease: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Kivelä Milja , Rissanen Ina , Kajantie Eero , Ojaniemi Marja , Rusanen Harri , Miettunen Jouko , Paananen Markus
Published: October 2024

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between childhood developmental milestones and risk of adulthood cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). We studied whether the risk of adult CeVD is associated with delayed attainment of motor and language milestones. Methods: Within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, a total of 11,688 persons were followed from birth to either death, moving abroad or 54 years of age. CeVD diagnoses, i.e., ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and transient ischemic attacks, were extracted from national registers with diagnostic coding based on recommendations of the World Health Organization. Cox proportional hazard models stratified by sex were used to estimate associations of motor development and language milestones between ages 0 and 4 years and adult CeVD women-to-men relative hazard ratios (RHRs) were estimated for each developmental milestone. Analyses were adjusted for family socioeconomic status and birth weight for gestational age. Results: Altogether 498 (4.3%) CeVDs were recorded during follow-up. Among both sexes, later turning from back to tummy was associated with ischemic CeVD in adulthood with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.25 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.46 for men and an aHR: 1.20 (CI: 1.02–1.42) for women per 1 month delay in achievement. Delayed overall motor development, modeled by motor milestone principal component score, was related to increased risk of ischemic CeVD (aHR: 1.50; CI: 1.03–2.19) among men. Later achievement of making sounds was associated with any CeVD (aHR: 2.74; CI: 1.39–5.40) and especially ischemic CeVD (aHR: 3.41; CI: 1.65–7.06) among men with women-to-men RHR’s of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04–0.81) for any CeVD and RHR 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04–0.89) for ischemic stroke indicating risk to be lower in women compared to men. Conclusions: These findings suggest that later achievement of childhood milestones could be a predictor for development of CeVD risk. The results point toward a common neurodevelopmental background and could in part explain lifetime CeVD risk accumulation.
Promoting Human Development through Virtue: A Philosophical and Psychological Exploration of the Practical Wisdom Blueprint Function
Authors: Villacís Jorge L. , Vaccarezza Maria Silvia
Published: October 2024

The virtue of phronesis or practical wisdom is at the core of some cutting-edge interdisciplinary approaches to the scientific study of virtue. According to the Aristotelian phronesis model (APM), its most complex – and admittedly controversial – component is the “blueprint,” understood as the individual’s conception of the kind of things that matter for a flourishing life. This article reviews how APM’s developers currently operationalize the blueprint using moral identity measures. Controversies in conceptualizing the blueprint are outlined and limitations of moral identity measures are discussed. Alternative approaches, including goal orientation constructs and qualitative techniques, are suggested to better capture the blueprint’s conceptual complexity in empirical research. The article finds that the blueprint encompasses more than what is reflected in moral identity measures. The goals across life spheres that interweave in a flourishing life seem to be missing. This work aimed to enhance interdisciplinary research on individuals’ conceptualizations of a flourishing life across cultures.
Transformations in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgical Practices: A Longitudinal Study of Trends and Predictions
Authors: Lifshitz Karin , Savin Ziv , Bashi Tomer , Dekalo Snir , Hendel Hen , Ehrlich Yaron , Anis Omer , Dotan Zohar , Verhovsky Guy , Genessin Ehud , Moed Rabeea , Mabjeesh Nicola , Abbas Mahmoud , Kafka Ilan , Safadi Ali , Katz Ran , Yossepowitch Ofer , Sofer Mario
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The workload for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery is expected to rise with an increase in life expectancy and a growing population. Surgical modalities for BPH have evolved, shifting toward minimally invasive transurethral procedures. This study aimed to investigate the trends in BPH surgical procedures across medical centers in Israel. Methods: Data from seven academic medical centers in Israel from 2010 to 2022 were analyzed. Procedures included open prostatectomy, transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), and photovaporization of the prostate (PVP). Statistical analyses were employed, including t tests, ANOVA, and ARIMA models. Results: Over 12 years, 13,478 BPH procedures were performed. TURP was the most common (72%), followed by open surgery (12%), HoLEP (12%), and PVP (3%). Annual procedures increased by approximately 5% each year, with a cumulative surge of 63% cases by 2022. The average patient’s age remained stable. TURP and HoLEP showed continual growth, while open surgery declined. HoLEP exhibited a shorter length of hospital stay compared to other modalities. Predictive models suggest open prostatectomy will cease within 2 years, while TURP and HoLEP will continue to rise. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant increase in BPH surgical procedures over time, with a notable preference for TURP and HoLEP. The findings emphasize the importance of size-independent techniques like HoLEP for optimal healthcare management in the future.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate: A Plea for Fosfomycin
Authors: Spachmann Philipp Julian , Witt Daniel , Breyer Johannes , Denzinger Stefan , Burger Maximilian , Vergho Daniel Claudius , Otto Wolfgang , Schnabel Marco Julius
Published: October 2024

Introduction: According to guidelines, transrectal random biopsy of the prostate (TRBP) is performed under antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). Fosfomycin-trometamol (FOS) is not approved in Germany, but TRBP as indication was listed in the product information falsely. The aim was to investigate infectious complications of TRBP under FOS as a single dose. Methods: All TRBPs under FOS 3,000 mg as a single dose between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021, at a university institution were recorded. 357 patients (41–85 years old, median 66) were included. 243 received first TRBP, 321 TRBP were MRI-fusionated. 10–22 cores were taken (median 14). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 0.1–1224 ng/mL (median 7.7 ng/mL), prostate volume 5–263 mL (median 50 mL). Analysis was performed using Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and t test. Results: Four patients suffered an infection (1.1%), without significant difference according to age (p = 0.849), PSA (p = 0.957), number of cores (p = 0.905), and increase in volume (p = 0.456). Limiting is the retrospective character. Conclusion: The complication rate was 1.1%, and FOS single dose therefore represents sufficient AP for TRBP in this collective. FOS as a single dose should be reevaluated in a prospective study to obtain approval in Germany for this indication.
Co-research with children: a systematic li-terature review using the Prisma statement
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia, López-Ordosgoitia Rocío , Giraldo-Cadavid Diana Alexandra ,   Universidad del Valle, Colombia, Aristizábal-García Diana Marcela ,   Universidad de San Buenaventura, Colombia, Lafaurie-Molina Andrea ,   Universidad del Norte, Colombia
Published: October 2024

This review examines scientific literature related to the participation of children as co-researchers. The study draws on the Prisma database guidelines and analyzes scientific production between 2019 and 2022. The articles reviewed evidence trends in the roles and names assigned to children in co-research, as well as participatory methodologies that recognize them as subjects of rights and experts regarding their environment who are capable of participating in the coconstruction of knowledge with adult researchers. Methodological, ethical and political challenges are also identified that highlight the need for critical reflection on the purpose and implications of child participation in research, the power dynamics involved and the recognition of children’s capacities and perspectives.
Morfologia urbana e tipologia de condomínios fechados na metrópole de Porto Alegre–RS
Authors: Faccin Carolina Rezende , Almeida Nicole Bueno Leal de , Campos Heleniza Ávila
Published: October 2024

The study of typologies within the context of urban morphology aims to analyze the classification of different types of buildings and their spatial organization, enabling an understanding of different forms of urban space occupation related to contemporary dynamics that shape the landscape. In this regard, this article aims to explore the urban morphology of the metropolis of Porto Alegre, seeking to discuss typologies of gated communities and analyze their socio-spatial distribution. The research was conducted based on the analysis of satellite images and the 2010 Demographic Census, where nine types were defined according to the built forms of each type. Subsequently, the spatial distribution was analyzed according to social variables. Two neighborhoods in the central-eastern zone (Boa Vista and Jardim Europa), where high-income gated communities predominate, and two in the southern zone (Tristeza and Camaquã), which have the highest number of gated communities, were analyzed in more depth. The analysis identified different types that cater to distinct social classes, reflecting segregation dynamics and distribution patterns that highlight historical and economic processes that have shaped the city's urbanization.
CXCR3-CXCL11 Signaling Restricts Angiogenesis and Promotes Pericyte Recruitment
Authors: Lee Jihui , Goeckel Megan E. , Levitas Allison , Colijn Sarah , Shin Jimann , Hindes Anna , Mun Geonyoung , Burton Zarek , Chintalapati Bharadwaj , Yin Ying , Abello Javier , Solnica-Krezel Lilianna , Stratman Amber N.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Endothelial cell (EC)–pericyte interactions are known to remodel in response to hemodynamic forces; yet there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of the signaling pathways that underlie these events. Here, we have identified a novel signaling network regulated by blood flow in ECs—the chemokine receptor CXCR3 (CXC motif chemokine receptor 3) and one of its ligands, CXCL11 (CXC motif chemokine ligand 11)—that delimits EC angiogenic potential and promotes pericyte recruitment to ECs during development.

METHODS:

We investigated the role of CXCR3 on vascular development using both 2- and 3-dimensional in vitro assays, to study EC-pericyte interactions and EC behavioral responses to blood flow. Additionally, genetic mutants and pharmacological modulators were used in zebrafish in vivo to study the impacts of CXCR3 loss and gain of function on vascular development.

RESULTS:

In vitro modeling of EC-pericyte interactions demonstrates that suppression of EC-specific CXCR3 signaling leads to loss of pericyte association with EC tubes. In vivo, phenotypic defects are particularly noted in the cranial vasculature, where we see a loss of pericyte association with ECs and expansion of the vasculature in zebrafish treated with the Cxcr3 inhibitor AMG487 or in homozygous
cxcr3.1/3.2/3.3
triple mutants. We also demonstrate that CXCR3-deficient ECs are more elongated, move more slowly, and have impaired EC-EC junctions compared with their control counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that CXCR3 signaling in ECs helps promote vascular stabilization events during development by preventing EC overgrowth and promoting pericyte recruitment.
THE PHENOMENON OF EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION IN EXPORT SUCCESS AND TURKIYE CASE
Authors: Balkanlı Ali Osman
Published: October 2024

Having stable sales and widespread markets in exports is as important as the success of export growth. The main problem of developing economies regarding the foreign world is not only increasing exports but also having stable sales and markets. This situation is especially important in terms of accelerating and stabilizing economic growth. For solve external equilibrium problems, developing countries need to focuse to develope to export and export diversification. Government inducements may be a supportive method for developing to export diversification. In this article, with dimension of export's effect on economic growth, phenomenon of export diversification and diversificartion's effects on export success is analysed. In the article, determined that product and market diversification are effective on success of export and on economic growth. It was concluded that there was less product diversification and more geographical market diversification in the 2000-2023 period, which was the subject of the research, in Turkey.
COMPARISON OF SOCIAL POLICY PRACTICES IN OECD COUNTRIES WITH PANEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Ercorumlu Mehmet
Published: October 2024

This study employs a panel data analysis method to examine the impact of social policy practices in OECD countries on economic development levels. The advent of the Industrial Revolution and subsequent technological developments have led to a widening of the development gap between countries. The study examines the relationships between governance components and gross domestic product (GDP) in detail. Governance is a pivotal factor in the formulation of social policies, with the involvement of the state, private sector and non-governmental organisations. The study demonstrated the impact of the rule of law and other governance components on economic growth. It has been argued that governance practices and social policies have a significant effect on development on a global scale.
The Index of Countries’ Support for UN-based Multilateralism: Construction, Verification,  and Correlates
Authors: Lafortune Guillaume , Sachs Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2024

Global cooperation and a strong United Nations (UN) system are needed to implement shared global goals such as the Paris Climate Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. For the first time, we present a new index of Nation-States’ support for UN-based multilateralism (UN-Mi) based on the principles established in the UN Charter in 1945. We use six headline indicators and follow best practices to verify the statistical validity and robustness of our construct. Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism. Some large economic powers showcase low and declining support for UN-based multilateralism. The poor performance of the United States and some of its allies suggests that the concepts of “Rules-Based-International Order” and “UN-based multilateralism” are truly distinct, and arguably, even opposite, frameworks. Our statistical analysis confirms that the UN-Mi captures something different than other existing constructs that aim to capture, for instance, the size of diplomatic networks or people's confidence in the UN.
The Gender Wage Gap in Cambodia
Authors: Oum Sothea , Cheng Savuth
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, Cambodia has enjoyed robust economic growth as well as notable improvements in socioeconomic development, including a decline in poverty and improvements in education and health. However, women continue to earn less than men at the headline level. This paper uses the latest available data (2014, 2017, and 2019) and examines changes in the trends in wage gap from 2014 and 2019 and its underlying contributors. Like previous studies, results presented in this paper point to unobservable factors, most likely including gender discrimination, as the primary contributors fueling the labor market's gender wage gap. This study also finds some improvements in gender gap reduction attributable to observable factors from 2014 to 2019, including improvements in bridging the gender gaps in education, types of occupation, industry, and workplace. These findings reinforce the call for policy measures aimed at further reducing the gender gap.
Decolonizing Diets: Idol Food, Jewish Diaspora, and the Crisis of John’s Apocalypse
Authors: Mata Roberto
Published: October 2024

This article explores how Revelation’s Jewish Diaspora negotiated the Roman colonial situation of Asia Minor through their stance on idol food. Scholars have suggested that John wrote to Christians suffering imperial persecution under Domitian. Still, others have proposed a perceived crisis, a prophetic rivalry relating to Greco-Roman society, or a summons to a holy war. However, some of these mostly depoliticizing trends presuppose the so-called partying of the ways and neglect to explore the centrality of ritual food and its association with Roman imperial authority. Drawing on Frantz Fanon’s analysis of colonial situations and sociological notions of food and eating, I map how John and the inscribed Jewish Diaspora communities of Revelation turned idol food into a locus for negotiating Roman colonial authority in Asia Minor circa 100 C.E.
A Satirical Pythagoras?
Authors: Spalic Clara
Published: October 2024

This paper aims at exploring the presence of humor in the Pythagoras episode (Met. 15.60-478), and, hence, proposing parallels between Pythagoras’ speech and Horace’s S. 2.4, analyzing the Ovidian manipulation of this satirical model and the interpretative possibilities suggested by this perspective.
The Conditionality of Helenus’ Oracle and Tragic Choice in Sophocles’ Philoctetes
Authors: McPhee Brian D.
Published: October 2024

Helenus’ oracle in Sophocles’ Philoctetes is commonly misunderstood as an unqualified revelation of an immutable future: the gods have fated Philoctetes to rejoin the Greek army at Troy. This has occasioned further misinterpretations of the play, especially as regards the “false ending”, in which Neoptolemus and Philoctetes would appear to disregard the divine will in an act of conscious impiety by choosing to sail for Malis instead. This paper argues that the oracle should rather be understood as conditional, allowing Philoctetes either to assent or refuse to rejoin the Greek army in good conscience. In the absence of compulsion from the gods, Neoptolemus and Philoctetes feel free to make tragic choices of real gravity about their futures, and these choices reveal the duo’s characters before Heracles appears and reverses their course.
Effect of combined aerobic-resistance training on regulating adipokine levels among obese females
Authors: Sugiharto  , Rejeki P.S. , Lesmana R. , Merawati D. , Susanto H. , Taufiq A. , Widyatama F.S. , Amelia D. , Pranoto A.
Published: October 2024

Physical training is a beneficial strategy to regulate adipokines in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, effective training remains to be an intriguing topic of debate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined aerobic-resistance training on adipokines using the hormone biomarkers (leptin and adiponectin). Our research subjects were 32 obese females aged 22 years old with a body fat percentage ≥ 30%. Subjects were divided into four groups, namely the CTL (n = 8; control group), ATr (n = 8; aerobic training group), RTr (n = 8; resistance training group), and CTr (n = 8; combined training group). Training was carried out for eight weeks, with frequency 3×/week and moderate intensity. Aerobic training was performed by running on a treadmill with an intensity of 65-70% HRmax for 45 min. Meanwhile, resistance training was completed with 65-70% 1-RM intensity for six sets @15 reps and active resting of 30 s between sets. Further, the blood sampling for leptin and adiponectin examination was carried out pre- and post-training, while its examination was carried out using the ELISA method. The results indicated significantly lower leptin levels and higher adiponectin pre- and post-training in ATr, RTr, and CTr (), but not in CTL (). Besides, we also observed decreasing Δ-leptin at CTL, ATr, RTr, and CTr were 37.42 ± 44.29, −206.16 ± 43.73, −139.49 ± 69.11, and −349.07 ± 71.69 pg/ml, respectively (). Likewise increasing Δ-adiponectin between CTL, ATr, RTr, and CTr were 90.89 ± 212.70, 679.16 ± 136.29, 619.77 ± 168.37, and 872.04 ± 335.73 pg/ml, respectively (). It was concluded that aerobic-resistance combined training has been proven effective in reducing leptin and increasing adiponectin compared to aerobic training and resistance training, therefore it was recommended to use aerobic-resistance combined training in improving adipokines in obese.
The subgenus Sinephemera Kluge, 2004 in China (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Ephemera Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: LEI ZHI-MING , ZHOU CHANG-FA
Published: October 2024

China has the greatest diversity of species within the genus Ephemera Linnaeus, 1758. However, there has been no systematic revision of these species in recent decades, particularly concerning their nymphs. This study describes and photographs 13 Chinese species from the subgenus Sinephemera Kluge, 2004, including five new ones (E. bistria sp. nov., E. cornea sp. nov., E. obliqua sp. nov., E. rubera sp. nov., E. rubrogata sp. nov.) and confirms the presence of another in China (E. separigata Bae, 1995). The nymphal stage of E. purpurata Ulmer, 1919, which has asymmetrical mandibular tusks, is also described for the first time. A new synonymy is proposed: E. axillaris Navás, 1930 (= E. hsui Zhang et al., 1995, syn. nov.). Additionally, the synonymy of E. pictipennis Ulmer, 1919 with E. nigroptera Zhou et al., 1998, has been confirmed. The key characters and diagnoses of other four species (E. japonica McLanchlan, 1875, E. pictiventris McLanchlan, 1894, E. shengmi Hsu, 1937, E. strigata Eaton, 1892) and the single European species in the subgenus Sinephemera (E. glaucops Pictet, 1843) are provided too. Additionally, the imaginal and nymphal stages of these 14 species are reported. Morphologically, the longitudinal stripes on abdominal tergites and venation patterns in certain species (such as E. glaucops and E. shengmi) suggest that the subgenera Sinephemera and Ephemera s. str. can be differentiated primarily by the presence or absence of titillators. Moreover, species like E. bistria sp. nov., E. glaucops and E. shengmi have a relatively long first segment of their male forceps, which connect the genus Ephemera to other genera in the family Ephemeridae. Furthermore, the divided styliger plate, colorful body and wings of E. rubrogata sp. nov. and the median spines on tergites I–II of E. obliqua sp. nov. are found similar to the family Neoephemeridae. Both imaginal and nymphal keys to the 14 species are also provided.
“Grief Explodes all Relationships”: Experiences of Grief and Coping Among Parents and Siblings Following the Death of a Child
Authors: Tenhulzen Katy A. , Claridge Amy M. , McCarthy Abigail , Craven Meredith , McClendon Libby Faith
Published: October 2024

The death of a child is an intense loss for families, which impacts the wellbeing of parents, surviving siblings, and the family as a whole. This study expanded on existing literature by collecting qualitative accounts from bereaved parents and siblings about their experiences before, during, and after the death of a child in their family. In total, 15 participants from 9 families completed semi-structured interviews. Findings highlighted three periods of the grieving process, which were not linear but rather ongoing and often happening simultaneously: (1) Crisis; (2) Learning to cope; and (3) Establishment of a new equilibrium. Parents and siblings reported experiences unique to their role in the family and developmental stage, as well as shared experiences within the family system. Findings have implications for palliative care and bereavement professionals in terms of supporting parent, sibling, and family coping before, during, and after the death of a child.
The network path to mastery learning
Authors: Socol Ira David , Moran Pamela R.
Published: October 2024

Transforming schools through mastery learning may solve education's existential crisis, offering today’s learners the relevance and individualization they need while returning to the most ancient form of assessment, proving that learning has occurred. Mastery learning requires significant change to all the norms and practices of school, altering time, space, culture, technologies, and pedagogies. Ira David Socol and Pam Moran share how, in Virginia, Kentucky, and Nevada, statewide innovation networks provide schools with the support, coaching, and peer encouragement required for sustainable change. Backed by both public and private organizations, these networks meet in-person and virtually, work synchronously and asynchronously, and communicate with stakeholders to build fundamental change.
The limits of mastery learning
Authors: Hammond Kelsey , Barber Chelsey
Published: October 2024

A mastery-based learning model has limited value in secondary English classrooms, particularly as it relates to writing instruction. Kelsey Hammond and Chelsey Barber argue against the focus on standardized benchmarks that are tied to mastery-based models in favor of an approach to writing that is explorative, personal, and imaginative. The rise of artificial intelligence writing tools like ChatGPT further challenge the traditional mastery paradigm by replicating formulaic writing tasks. The authors advocate for a shift toward fostering self-actualization, empathy, and creative expression in students, emphasizing writing as a means of personal growth and social discourse rather than a mere demonstration of skill.
Reimagining the roles of state and local education agencies
Authors: Elgart Mark A.
Published: October 2024

Shifts in the education system to more student-centered learning will require state and local education agencies to rethink how they do their work. Current accountability systems focus on compliance with standards, as demonstrated in annual summative assessments. Mark Elgart explains that a new approach to accountability will offer more authentic and flexible assessment options and give schools support for continuous improvement in response to assessment results. Instead of focusing on compliance and testing, state education agencies can shift to offering options for assessment and resources for professional development. Local education agencies would be responsible for providing accountability data to the state and providing professional development on how to use assessment data for continuous improvement.
The rise and stall of standards-based reform
Authors: Volante Louis , Klinger Don A. , DeLuca Christopher
Published: October 2024

The promotion and measurement of standards in compulsory education systems has been a prominent feature of Western education systems for centuries. But the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) have made the limits of current standards-based approaches to assessment more evident. Louis Volante, Don A. Klinger, and Christopher DeLuca discuss the importance of both cognitive and non-cognitive skills for the future success of schools. More authentic assessments, some of which leverage AI, can assess students’ performance in these essential domains.
Career Confidential: Teaching assistant won’t address unwanted behaviors
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: October 2024

Phyllis L. Fagell offers advice to educators. In this issue, a teacher is frustrated that her teaching assistant will only work with students receiving special education services and won’t help address misbehavior among other students. A principal needs help dealing with a teacher giving him the silent treatment because he couldn’t accommodate a request from her.
Are faculty members capable of finding the needed information? A study of selected universities of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Vijayakumar K. , Lone Mohammad Ishaq
Published: October 2024

We all need information and there is so much of it available in both physical and digital media. However, to find the needed information, capability of searching; knowledge of retrieval tools like catalogue; knowledge of Boolean operators, wildcards and truncations; and knowledge to different sources of information like bibliography, encyclopaedia, journals, etc. are equally important. The current study set out to investigate the faculty members’ searching capabilities in four of Jammu & Kashmir's top institutions. The study used questionnaire as a tool to gather data from randomly identified population. After applying appropriate statistical techniques, the study revealed that the faculty members are not able to cross the half mark of correct answering for some basic questions posed to them. Eventually, the study suggests to conduct user awareness programmes since these programmes are significantly associated with the correct responses given by the faculty members in the universities studied.