bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Transformative Potential of Hybrid Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hashim Arshya , Fatima Faria
Published: January 2024

Hybrid nanoparticles are nanoscale particles that are composed by interaction between the different components, resulting in enhanced properties that can be harnessed for wide range of application across fields like medicine, electronics energy, and more. These nanoparticles are typically in the size range from 1-100 nanometers, which is advantageous. Because at this scale, they often exhibit novel behavior due to their quantum and surface effects. The choice of material and the way they are combined can be tailored to achieve specific goals. For example, in biomedical applications, hybrid nanoparticles can be engineered to have specific targeting abilities such as targeted drug delivery, theranostics, gene therapy, phototherapy, tissue regeneration, vaccines, antibacterial, biomolecules detection, imaging probes, tissue engineering, biosensing, and cancer treatment. They have enhanced qualities with increased target specificity and sensitivity, extended circulation times, and resistance to biological barriers.
Collagen cross-linking beyond corneal ectasia: A comprehensive review
Authors: Osipyan Grigory A , Khraistin Husam , Jourieh Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The history of corneal cross-linking (CXL) dates back to 2003 when some German scientists investigated possible treatments to harden the corneal structure to increase its resistance in ectatic corneal diseases. Nowadays, CXL is considered the most effective therapy in ectatic corneal diseases due to its proven efficacy in hardening the cornea, thus halting the development of the disease. Since 2003, CXL applications have dramatically expanded and have been implemented in several other areas such as infectious keratitis, corneal edema, and before performing keratoplasty for various purposes. Moreover, several irradiation patterns are being studied to correct refractive errors, taking into account the corneal refractive changes that occur after the procedure. Currently, scleral cross-linking is also being investigated as a potential therapy in cases of progressive myopia and glaucoma. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the available applications of cross-linking in nonectatic ocular conditions and highlight the possible future indications of this procedure.
Aflibercept monotherapy or bevacizumab first for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Hostovsky Avner , Moroz Iris , Katz Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Clinical outcome and switch patterns with bevacizumab first treatment strategy for patients with newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods:

Retrospective observational study of the number of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and treatment switch in patients who started intravitreal bevacizumab injections between January 1, 2016 and December 30, 2018.

Results:

From January 1 2016 to December 31 2018, 608 eyes of 565 patients started intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for a new diagnosis of nAMD. Average visual acuity (VA) at presentation was 0.60 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which improved to 0.47 after six injections (P < 0.001) and decreased to 0.63 at the last follow-up (P = 0.543). Switch of treatment was recommended for 190 eyes (31.3%), and of them, 91 patients (15%) were switched during the first 6 months and defined as primary failure of bevacizumab. The switch of treatment resulted in a statistically significant improvement in VA in the first 6 months after the switch. The gain in VA was not sustainable over time.

Conclusion:

Bevacizumab first treatment strategy produced results that were comparable to previous real-world outcomes publications of ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment with low rates of failure of bevacizumab treatment. Treatment switch to second-line treatment yielded a significant VA improvement, mainly in patients with primary bevacizumab failure.
Assessment of vision-related quality of life and depression in patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Dogan Levent , Tanriverdi Derya , Gungor Kivanc
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and depression levels.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 143 patients who are being followed up with a diagnosis of AMD. The Turkish versions of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) were directed to the patients. The questionnaire results were analyzed based on the severity, treatment procedures for AMD, and sociodemographic characteristics of patients.

Results:

The subscale scores obtained from the NEI VFQ-25 ranged from 47.54 for “near activities” to 84.02 for “color vision.” Of the patients, 59.4% (85/143) were compatible with depression according to the GDS-15 questionnaire. There was no significant difference in the NEI VFQ-25 subscale scores between the gender groups (P > 0.05), whereas females were statistically significantly more depressive than males (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the injection (anti-vascular endothelial growth factors [anti-VEGF]) group and the non-injection group in terms of subscales of the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire (P > 0.05). The depression ratio in the non-injected group was statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

According to the present study, the association between depression and AMD is a fact that should be highlighted. Patients with depression had lower scores on the quality of life (QOL) test. Previous intravitreal injection did not affect NEI VFQ-25 scores. Female patients with AMD had higher rates of depression and lower visual acuity levels.
Effect of Lifestyle Choices on Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsations
Authors: Trivedi Gunjan Y. , Kathirvel Soundappan , Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao , Trivedi Riri G. , Saboo Banshi , Ramani Hemalatha
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow plays a critical role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain. The flow depends on several factors, including cardiac and respiratory oscillations. The process of CSF pulsations also follows a circadian pattern and plays a central role in maintaining the homeostasis of the brain and the central nervous system (CNS). Any disruption to this flow triggers a homeostatic imbalance in the CNS and could increase the risk of several chronic conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. This commentary highlights recent research to articulate the importance of CSF flow and provides insights into the drivers of the CSF flow. Based on the evidence, the relative importance of respiratory pulsations’ role in CSF flow is highlighted. Specifically, the role of slow breathing and sleep quality and a perspective on the implications for lifestyle choices and future research are highlighted.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation: A Rare Complication of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Vasudevan A. , Ramakrishnan Gayathri Anur
Published: January 2024

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous diseases of unknown origin with pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement including the hematological system leading to various complications like anemia, lymphopenia etc. One such complication is arteriovenous malformations which occurs as a rare complication of sarcoidosis and it requires a prompt diagnosis and management.
Old Wine in a New Bottle: Our Experience with Indwelling Pleural Catheters in Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Lawrence Ria , Narasimhan Ajay , Narasimhan R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Malignant pleural effusions indicate advanced stage of cancer and making the treatment decisions difficult for the treating physicians. There are multiple treatment options for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion including pleurodesis, thoracocentesis, indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs), and pleural decortication surgeries. However, there is a considerable number of patients who are not candidates for either pleurodesis or have repeated thoracocentesis, these patients can be carefully selected for management with IPCs.

Aims and Objectives:

To establish the use of indwelling pleural catheter in malignant pleural effusions.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who are not candidates for either pleurodesis or have repeated thoracocentesis, these patients can be carefully selected for management with IPCs. This is a prospective study of 23 patients with underlying trapped lung or recurrent pleural effusions who have been treated with IPCs from January 2021 to December 2022. We have used Rocket pleural catheter in this study.

Results:

The common primary malignancy was from lungs with the most common histologic type being adenocarcinoma type. We had good improvement in symptoms and have observed minor complications in about 21% of the individuals.

Conclusion:

IPC can be considered a good treatment option for patients with malignant pleural effusion with trapped lungs and patients with recurrent pleural effusions.
INFIX technique: A fit like a glove for anterior pelvic fractures – A case report
Authors: Panda Aditya Prasad
Published: January 2024

A fracture of the pelvis involves damage to the hip bones, sacrum, or coccyx the bony structures forming the pelvic ring. The inherent structural and mechanical integrity of this ring makes the pelvis a highly stable structure. Exposure to high-energy injuries such as car accidents or falls from a height in younger patients and falls in elderly patients most commonly causes pelvic fractures. Internal fixators is an innovative, less practiced although has a lot of advantages, minimally invasive surgical method for anterior pelvic ring fractures.
Tilapia fish waste: An asset for tissue engineering – A review
Authors: Mundra Shalini , Shetty Preetha J. , Shetty Neetha J.
Published: January 2024

Fisheries and aquaculture output have exploded due to an alarming increase in consumption due to the global understanding of the nutritional advantages of fish. Inadvertently, the methods produce a massive amount of fish waste, posing a serious environmental threat. Recycling this waste has now become a major point of controversy that must be resolved. It is critical to emphasize the utility of discarded marine by-products for the creation of high-value commodities such as marine collagen (MC), which can be considered a sustainable solution. Because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, minimal immunogenicity, and low production costs, MC has various benefits over terrestrial collagen. Many academics have recently become interested in the use of MC as a scaffold. This review focuses on the intriguing contribution of MC in the production of MC-based scaffolds.
Clinical efficacy of 1% metformin gel around conventionally placed dental implants: A 9-month follow-up study
Authors: Krishnakumar Govardhani , Koppu Sitamahalakshmi , Dev Jampani Narendra , Songa Vajra Madhuri , Buggapati Lahari , Mandrachalam Radhika
Published: January 2024

Aim:

The study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of bone volume, density, and crestal bone levels in conventionally placed dental implants with and without local application of 1% metformin (MF) gel using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 9 months.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty implants were placed in 18 individuals, randomly divided into 2 groups where Group A received a local application of 1% MF gel along with implant placement. In contrast, Group B received implant placement alone. After thorough clinical examination and preoperative CBCTs, implants were placed under aseptic conditions. Patients were recalled at 3 and 9 months after surgery. Implants were functionally loaded by the end of 3rd month. Soft-tissue parameters such as modified plaque index and modified sulcular bleeding index were recorded along with CBCT evaluation to assess the crestal bone loss, bone density measurement, and bone volume, postoperatively. Fisher’s extract test, independent and paired t-test, and Bonferroni analysis were used to determine statistical significance with P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

There was no discernible difference between the groups regarding soft-tissue parameters, bone density, and crestal bone levels. However, comparing bone volume between the test and control groups at 9 months was statistically significant. The test group with 1% MF gel showed increased bone volume around the implant.

Conclusion:

The data obtained were strong enough to suggest that 1% MF gel administered locally can increase peri-implant bone volume, possibly due to its additional property favoring osteoblastic stimulation and proliferation.
Alterations in macrophage polarization play a key role in control and development of periodontal diseases
Authors: Sloniak Mariane Cristina , Lepique Ana Paula , Nakao Laís Yumi Souza , Villar Cristina Cunha
Published: January 2024

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by complex interplays between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and a dysregulated host inflammatory response that results in the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Among the inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, macrophages are recruited early on to sites of periodontal infection. These cells can polarize in different phenotypes that mediate the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, as well as in tissue healing. Macrophage phenotypic plasticity is thought to play a critical role in the induction and resolution of inflammation and may be compromised in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we reviewed the role of macrophage polarization in periodontal disease and therapy.
Dualizability and index of subfactors
Authors: Bartels Arthur , Douglas Christopher L. , Henriques André
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we develop the theory of bimodules over von Neumann algebras, with an emphasis on categorical aspects. We clarify the relationship between dualizability and finite index. We also show that, for von Neumann algebras with finite dimensional centers, the Haagerup

L^2

-space and Connes fusion are functorial with respect to homorphisms of finite index. Along the way, we describe a string diagram notation for maps between bimodules that are not necessarily bilinear.
Risk factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after surgical treatment and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid intervention
Authors: Yuan Wei-Hong , Zhang Zheng , Pan Qi , Mao Bo-Neng , Yuan Tao
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an accurate diagnostic method for choledocholithiasis and treatment option for stone removal. Additionally, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can dissolve cholesterol stones and prevent their development and reappearance by lowering the cholesterol concentration in bile. Despite these treatment options, there are still patients who experience stone recurrence.

AIM

To analyze the risk factors for choledocholithiasis recurrence after ERCP retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the effect of UDCA intervention.

METHODS

The clinical data of 100 patients with choledochal stones who were hospitalized at the Yixing People’s Hospital and underwent ERCP for successful stone extraction between June 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected. According to the post-ERCP treatment plan, 100 patients were classified into UDCA (n = 47) and control (n = 53) groups. We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and rate of relapse in the two patient populations. We then collected information (basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, and serum biochemical indicators) and determined the factors contributing to relapse using logistic regression analysis. Our secondary goal was to determine the effects of UDCA on liver function after ERCP.

RESULTS

Compared to the control group, the UDCA group demonstrated a higher clinical effectiveness rate of 92.45% vs 78.72% (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in liver function indices, including total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase, between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, all liver function indices were significantly reduced. Comparing the control vs UDCA groups, the UDCA group exhibited significantly lower levels of all indices (55.39 ± 6.53 vs 77.31 ± 8.52, 32.10 ± 4.62 vs 45.39 ± 5.69, 142.32 ± 14.21 vs 189.63 ± 16.87, 112.52 ± 14.25 vs 149.36 ± 15.36, 122.61 ± 16.00 vs 171.33 ± 22.09, 96.98 ± 10.44 vs 121.35 ± 11.57, respectively, all P < 0.05). The stone recurrence rate was lower in the UDCA group (13.21%) in contrast with the control group (44.68%). Periampullary diverticula (OR: 6.00, 95%CI: 1.69-21.30), maximum stone diameter (OR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.01-2.85), stone quantity >3 (OR: 4.23, 95%CI: 1.17-15.26), and positive bile culture (OR: 7.61, 95%CI: 2.07-27.91) were independent factors that influenced the relapse of common bile duct stones after ERCP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, postoperative UDCA was identified as a preventive factor (OR: 0.07; 95%CI: 0.08-0.09).

CONCLUSION

The intervention effect of UDCA after ERCP for common bile duct stones is adequate, providing new research directions and references for the prevention and treatment of stone recurrence.
Clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer based on propensity score matching
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Xian-Xue , Li Yu-Lin , He Wen-Tao , Li Hong , Chen Hua
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing annually. Laparoscopic radical resection of CRC is a minimally invasive procedure preferred in clinical practice.

AIM

To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of CRC on the basis of propensity score matching (PSM).

METHODS

The clinical data of 100 patients who received inpatient treatment for CRC at Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City) were analyzed retrospectively. The control group included patients who underwent open surgery (n = 43), and those who underwent laparoscopic surgery formed the observation group (n = 57). The baseline information of both groups was equipoised using 1 × 1 PSM. Differences in the perioperative parameters, inflammatory response, immune function, degree of pain, and physical status between the groups were analyzed.

RESULTS

Thirty patients from both groups were successfully matched. After PSM, baseline data showed no statistically significant differences between the groups: (1) Perioperative parameters: The observation group had a longer surgery time, less intraoperative blood loss, earlier first ambulation and first anal exhaust times, and shorter gastric tube indwelling time than the control group; (2) Inflammatory response: 24 h after surgery, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) between groups were higher than preoperatively. IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels in the observation group were lower than in the control group; (3) Immune function: At 24 h after surgery, counts of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes (CD4+) and CD4+/CD8-positive T-lymphocytes (CD8+) in both groups were lower than those before surgery, whereas CD8+ was higher than that before surgery. At 24 h after surgery, both CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, whereas CD8+ counts were lower; (4) Degree of pain: The visual analog scale scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 24 and 72 h after surgery; and (5) Physical status: One month after surgery, the Karnofsky performance score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group.

CONCLUSION

Laparoscopic radical resection of CRC has significant benefits, such as reducing postoperative pain and postoperative inflammatory response, avoiding excessive immune inhibition, and contributing to postoperative recovery.
Prognostic value of ultrasound in early arterial complications post liver transplant
Authors: Zhao Ning-Bo , Chen Yi , Xia Rui , Tang Jian-Bo , Zhao Dong
Published: January 2024

Liver transplantation is the primary therapeutic intervention for end-stage liver disease. However, vascular complications, particularly those involving the hepatic artery, pose significant risks to patients. The clinical manifestations associated with early arterial complications following liver transplantation are often nonspecific. Without timely intervention, these complications can result in graft failure or patient mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and the formulation of an optimal treatment plan are imperative. Ultrasound examination remains the predominant imaging modality for detecting complications post liver transplantation. This article comprehensively reviews common causes and clinical presentations of early hepatic artery complications in the post-transplantation period and delineates abnormal sonographic findings for accurate diagnosis of these conditions. Overall, ultrasound offers the advantages of convenience, safety, effectiveness, and non-invasiveness. It enables real-time, dynamic, and precise evaluation, making it the preferred diagnostic method for post-liver transplantation assessments.
Paravertebral block's effect on analgesia and inflammation in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation
Authors: Xiong Ying-Fen , Wei Ben-Zhong , Wang Yu-Feng , Li Xiao-Feng , Liu Cong
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) is an effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis. However, it may cause severe postoperative pain and inflammatory responses. The paravertebral block (PVB) is a regional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia to the thoracic and abdominal regions.

AIM

To evaluate the effect of PVB on postoperative analgesia and inflammatory response in patients undergoing TACE combined with MWA for advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.

METHODS

Sixty patients were randomly divided into PVB and control groups. The PVB group received ultrasound-guided PVB with 0.375% ropivacaine preoperatively, whereas the control group received intravenous analgesia with sufentanil. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were the dose of sufentanil used, incidence of adverse events, and levels of inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin) before and after the procedure.

RESULTS

The PVB group had significantly lower VAS scores at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the procedure compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The PVB group also had a significantly lower consumption of sufentanil and a lower incidence of nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression than did the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the PVB group had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers 24 h and 48 h after the procedure (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

PVB can effectively reduce postoperative pain and inflammatory responses and improve postoperative comfort and recovery in patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis treated with TACE combined with MWA.
Added value of ratio of cross diameters of the appendix in ultrasound diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Gu Feng-Wa , Wu Si-Ze
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The maximum outer diameter (MOD) of the appendix is an essential parameter for diagnosing acute appendicitis, but there is space for improvement in ultrasound (US) diagnostic performance.

AIM

To investigate whether combining the ratio of the cross diameters (RATIO) of the appendix with MOD of the appendix can enhance the diagnostic performance of acute appendicitis.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted, and medical records of 233 patients with acute appendicitis and 112 patients with a normal appendix were reviewed. The MOD and RATIO of the appendix were calculated and tested for their diagnostic performance of acute appendicitis, both individually and in combination.

RESULTS

The RATIO for a normal appendix was 1.32 ± 0.16, while for acute appendicitis it was 1.09 ± 0.07. The cut-off value for RATIO was determined to be ≤ 1.18. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for diagnosing acute appendicitis using RATIO ≤ 1.18 and MOD > 6 mm was 0.870 and 0.652, respectively. There was a significant difference in AUC between RATIO ≤ 1.18 and MOD > 6 mm (P < 0.0001). When comparing the combination of RATIO ≤ 1.18 and MOD > 6 mm with MOD > 6 mm alone, the combination showed increased specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and AUC. However, the sensitivity and negative predictive value decreased.

CONCLUSION

Combining RATIO of the appendix ≤ 1.18 and MOD > 6 mm can significantly improve the specificity, PPV, and AUC in the US diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Role of Oncostatin M in the prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yue , Fu Kan-Zuo , Pan Gu
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

AIM

To evaluate the prognostic role of OSM in IBD patients.

METHODS

Literature search was conducted in electronic databases (Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Wiley). Studies were selected if they reported prognostic information about OSM in IBD patients. Outcome data were synthesized, and meta-analyses were performed to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) in OSM levels between treatment responders and non-responders and to seek overall correlations of OSM with other inflammatory biomarkers.

RESULTS

Sixteen studies (818 Crohn’s disease and 686 ulcerative colitis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-based therapies) were included. OSM levels were associated with IBD severity. A meta-analysis found significantly higher OSM levels in non-responders than in responders to therapy [SMD 0.80 (0.33, 1.27); P = 0.001], in non-remitters than in remitters [SMD 0.75 (95%CI: 0.35 to 1.16); P < 0.0001] and in patients with no mucosal healing than in those with mucosal healing [SMD 0.63 (0.30, 0.95); P < 0.0001]. Area under receiver operator curve values showed considerable variability between studies but in general higher OSM levels were associated with poor prognosis. OSM had significant correlations with Simple Endoscopic Score of Crohn’s disease [r = 0.47 (95%CI: 0.25 to 0.64); P < 0.0001], Mayo Endoscopic Score [r = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.28 to 0.41); P < 0.0001], fecal calprotectin [r = 0.19 (95%CI: 0.08 to 0.3); P = 0.001], C-reactive protein [r = 0.25 (95%CI: 0.11 to 0.39); P < 0.0001], and platelet count [r = 0.28 (95%CI: 0.17 to 0.39); P < 0.0001].

CONCLUSION

OSM is a potential candidate for determining the severity of disease and predicting the outcomes of anti-tumor necrosis factor-based therapies in IBD patients.
Endoscopic treatment of extreme esophageal stenosis complicated with esophagotracheal fistula: A case report
Authors: Fang Jia-Heng , Li Wei-Min , He Cheng-Hai , Wu Jian-Liang , Guo Yun , Lai Zhi-Chao , Li Guo-Dong
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

At present, there is no unified and effective treatment for extreme corrosive esophageal stenosis (CES) with esophagotracheal fistula (ETF). This case had extreme and severe esophageal stenosis (ES) and ETF after ingesting an enzyme-based chemical detergent, resulting in a serious pulmonary infection and severe malnutrition. Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed that he had an ETF, and endoscopy showed that he had extreme and severe esophageal stricture. This case was complex and difficult to treat. According to the domestic and foreign literature, there is no universal treatment that is low-risk.

CASE SUMMARY

A patient came to our hospital with extreme ES, an ETF, and severe malnutrition complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis 1 mo after the consumption of an enzyme-based detergent. The ES was serious, and the endoscope was unable to pass through the esophagus. We treated him by endoscopic incision method (EIM), esophageal stent placement (ESP), and endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) by using the bronchoscope and gastroscope. This treatment not only closed the ETF, but also expanded the esophagus, with minimal trauma, greatly reducing the pain of the patient. According to the literature, there are no similar reported cases.

CONCLUSION

We report, for the first time, a patient with extreme CES complicated with ETF, where the endoscope could not be passed through his esophagus but he could be examined by bronchoscopy and treated by EIM, ESP, and EBD.
Computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage-combined with somatostatin for severe acute pancreatitis: An analysis of efficacy and safety
Authors: Zheng Xue-Lan , Li Wan-Ling , Lin Yan-Ping , Huang Ting-Long
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a condition with rapid onset, critical condition and unsatisfactory prognosis, poses a certain threat to human health, warranting optimization of relevant treatment plans to improve treatment efficacy.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage (CT-TPPCD) combined with somatostatin (SS) in the treatment of SAP.

METHODS

Forty-two SAP patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2023 were selected. On the basis of routine treatment, 20 patients received SS therapy (control group) and 22 patients were given CT-TPPCD plus SS intervention (research group). The efficacy, safety (pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, sepsis, and organ dysfunction syndrome), abdominal bloating and pain relief time, bowel recovery time, hospital stay, inflammatory indicators (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and procalcitonin), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of both groups were evaluated for comparison.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, the research group had a markedly higher total effective rate, faster abdominal bloating and pain relief and bowel recovery, shorter hospital length of stay, fewer complications, and lower posttreatment inflammatory indices and APACHE-II scores.

CONCLUSION

CT-TPPCD in combination with SS is effective for SAP patients, which can reduce complications, accelerate symptom resolution, inhibit inflammation, and improve patient condition, with promising prospects for clinical promotion.
Post-operative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection for gallbladder cancer: A national surgical quality improvement program analysis
Authors: Kim Minha , Stroever Stephanie , Aploks Krist , Ostapenko Alexander , Dong Xiang Da , Seshadri Ramanathan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection. Currently, there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer. As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients, we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neoadjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period. We hypothesized patients who underwent NACT were more likely to have higher post-operative morbidity.

AIM

To investigate the 30-day post-operative morbidity outcomes between patients who received NACT and underwent surgery and patients who only had surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of the targeted hepatectomy NSQIP data between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine if NACT in gallbladder cancer increased the risk for post-operative morbidity (bile leak, infection rate, rate of converting to open surgery, etc. ) compared to the group who only had surgery. To calculate the odds ratio for the primary and secondary outcomes, a crude logistic regression was performed.

RESULTS

Of the 452 patients, 52 patients received NACT prior to surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of morbidity between the two groups, including bile leak [odds ratio (OR), 0.69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.16-2.10; P = 0.55], superficial wound infection (OR, 0.58; 95%CI: 0.03-3.02; P = 0.61), and organ space wound infection (OR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.18-1.63; P = 0.61).

CONCLUSION

There was no significant difference in the risk of 30-day post-operative morbidity between the NACT and surgery group and the surgery only group.
Methodical Design of a Subframe for a Novel Modular Chassis Concept
without Knowledge of Final Vehicle Parameters
Authors: Weitz Fabian , Frey Michael , Gauterin Frank
Published: January 2024

This article presents the methodical development of a subframe for a novel
on-the-road-modular vehicle concept, which was developed for the U-Shift
project. The subframe serves as the basis for a modular chassis. This chassis
offers the possibility to exchange chassis components by the operator, which
means after completion by the manufacturer, and thus to adapt the vehicle to
different purposes. According to the applied methodology, the relevant wheel
loads are determined and a geometric reference model is created. By defining the
relevant load cases, the forces acting on the subframe, and thus the physical
boundary conditions, can be determined from the wheel loads. In addition to the
wheel loads and the geometric boundary conditions, no other vehicle parameters
are required for the development of the subframe. The results of the topology
optimization are used to identify areas of the geometric reference model that
are not exposed to high loads. Based on the results of the topology
optimization, a suitable combination of manufacturing processes and suitable
materials can also be determined. After the basic topology has been determined,
a welded construction is derived from square tubes and plates. Subsequently,
excess stresses at critical points are identified in simulation and analysis
processes, and constructive changes are made to reduce them. Through validation
by simulation of the relevant load cases, a proof of compliance with the
physical boundary conditions can be provided. The actually manufactured subframe
is presented, and the potential of the modular construction for the development
of a chassis modular kit is explained.
Expanding the literature on philosophical counselling through African hermeneutic philosophy and conversationalism
Authors: Louw Jaco
Published: January 2024

Philosophical counselling, a contemporary movement in practical philosophy, continually expands its discourse by introducing novel philosophical ideas and different traditions. Nevertheless, a conspicuous silence persists regarding the introduction of African philosophies in its discourse. This issue becomes apparent when the question “How might one live?”—a fundamental question that the philosophical counsellor deals with—is adequately investigated. However, its current formulation suffers greatly from a much-needed nuance concerning temporal and contextual awareness. To address and transcend this shortcoming, I turn to two distinct African philosophies, namely, the hermeneutic philosophy of Tsenay Serequeberhan and the conversational method of philosophising advocated by Jonathan O. Chimakonam. By incorporating these philosophies, my aim is twofold: first, to promote an interpretative actualisation situated within a conversational framework that might lead to the creation of new concepts and/or the disclosing of different ways of being/becoming, and second, to draw attention to an underlying assumption that might maintain the neglect of philosophical traditions beyond Western philosophy.
Directions in constructing a body of knowledge in eco-social work education and practice in Uganda: Actions, channels, and implications
Authors: Bhangyi Venesio Bwambale
Published: January 2024

In recent times, Uganda has witnessed human suffering resulting from the occurrence of environmental disasters thereby placing social work professionals, particularly those in civic organizations at the forefront of responses. As such, this article argues that the country’s largely agrarian welfare system and its pursuit of sustainable social development urgently necessitate reframing social work scholarship with an emphasis on eco-social theory for professionals to gain relevance and preparedness for actions and interventions that address environment linked problems. Through case analysis, the paper presents four recent cases of environmental natural disasters as a persuasion towards building an eco-social work body of knowledge. It then highlights the education and practice actions towards an eco-social work knowledge. The channels through which this action should take place are discussed and the implications of eco-social work thinking on professional social work education and practice are explored. It concludes by proposing a model for eco-social work education and practice that integrates formal public environmental safeguards and indigenous knowledge systems that champion protective and co-dependence approaches in people-environment interfaces. 

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Bhangyi, V. B. (2023). Directions in constructing a body of knowledge in eco-social work education and practice in Uganda: Actions, channels, and implications. African Journal of Social Work, 13(2), 70-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i2.3

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Nexus between climate change and environmental social work in Africa
Authors: Pedzisai Ezra , Charamba Sunungurai , Mukurazhizha Rudo
Published: January 2024

Disasters indiscriminately cause huge global economic losses worth tens of billions of dollars and often result in deaths of millions of people annually. As such, the on-going climate change is the world’s biggest disaster, especially for the most vulnerable African countries that are less economically developed, dependent largely on primary industries, which are predominantly reliant on climate-controlled ecosystems as well as depend on rain-fed agro-based livelihoods characterised by abject poverty. Meanwhile, the social work profession caters for individuals, groups, and communities in responding to fast onset disasters affecting especially the marginalised, poor, and vulnerable. However, social work practice (SWP) seems to be more preoccupied with the outcomes of fast-onset disasters specifically centred on identifying beneficiaries in a bid to provide food relief, social safety nets, safe shelters, and providing psycho-social support to victims and survivors of these disasters than slow onset ones. The SWP seems to be silent about climate change despite corroborated scientific models confirming the increased frequency, magnitude, and severity of future tropical cyclones, floods, and droughts in the future. However, being more curative rather than preventive, contemporary SWP responds primarily to present crises whilst ignoring more serious future disasters. To connect SWP to climate change discourse, a literature review of previous sources of authority was utilised.

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Pedzisai E, Charamba S. and Mukurazhizha R. (2023). Nexus between climate change and environmental social work in Africa. African Journal of Social Work, 13(2), 87-99. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i2.5

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A critical analysis of the challenges faced by deaf farmers in their participation in sustainable food production for nutrition and health in Mashonaland region, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tome Ashely Ropafadzo
Published: January 2024

The Deaf Community in Mashonaland region constitutes a part of the minority population in Zimbabwe and this minority group happens to have capable farmers who are often sidelined from agricultural activities because of their difference from the hearing population. The researcher consulted the San Code of Research Ethics for advice. The study involved Deaf farmers who are involved in animal husbandry, horticulture and crop production, their workers in Mashonaland region. In total eight (8) respondents were interviewed. The researcher recorded and transcribed the collected data.  The thematic analysis method was used during data analysis. The researcher grouped the transcribed data into thematic areas based on the research objectives. The findings revealed that lack of important information on important issues such as climate change, lack of access to land ownerships, communication barriers, lack of access to tertiary education and the seclusion of Deaf Community’s representation in policy making are the challenges faced by Deaf farmers in their participation in sustainable food production for nutrition and health in Mashonaland region. The study recommended awareness campaigns on Deaf Culture and the inclusion of Deaf people and other Persons with Disabilities in sustainable food production.

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Tome A. R. (2023). A critical analysis of the challenges faced by deaf farmers in their participation in sustainable food production for nutrition and health in Mashonaland region, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Social Work, 13(2), 100-109. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i2.6

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Reflections on integrating environmental social work methods of intervention in Zimbabwean social work curriculum
Authors: Nhapi Tatenda
Published: January 2024

Undeniably, natural climatic shocks, poverty and environmental degradation have become intractable challenges Zimbabwe grapples with. Worthwhile to note is how to overcome enduring precarity for predominantly rural and peri-urban communities the enduring livelihood strategy has been to harness natural resources. For instance, Zimbabwe hosts some of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world and is home to over 5,930 species of plants and over 1,360 animals. Forests currently cover around 45% of the country’s total land area, but deforestation is an increasingly pressing issue, resulting in forests disappearing at a frightening rate. Given how developmental social work has become important thinking in social work scholarly discourses, its domains like environmental social work have become important for mainstreaming in  social work training curricula and fieldwork. Based on review of secondary literature, the objective of this article is to offer pathways by which social worker educators can embed critical perspectives of environmental social work methods of interventions. This would be embedded in the curriculum components including research and fieldwork practicum. This can aid mainstreaming of environmental social work themes, debates and strategies in delivering courses centred on community, rural and social development. The article concludes by discussing possible constraints and opportunities in galvanising environmental social work visibility in the Zimbabwean and African social work curricula.

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Nhapi, T. (2023). Reflections on integrating environmental social work methods of intervention in Zimbabwean social work curriculum. African Journal of Social Work, 13(2), 118-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i2.8

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The lived experiences of Persons with Albinism in the Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Hargovan Hema , Rovashni Chetty
Published: January 2024

Research has shown that persons with albinism have been victims of extreme forms of discrimination and social injustice on multiple and intersecting grounds, notably ethnicity, colour, disability, and gender. To better understand the ‘lived’ experiences of persons with albinism, the authors conducted interviews with participants spread across three districts in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa employing a qualitative, interpretative phenomenological approach. As this research was undertaken amid the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, telephonic interviews were conducted with 22 individuals with albinism or impacted by albinism. Thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The study found that PWA experienced societal, cultural, and institutional barriers including stigma, discrimination, and victimisation, challenges relating to access to information, education, employment, healthcare, and psycho-social support. The authors recommended the urgent need for policy and legislative reform, proper implementation of The National Action Plan to Combat Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance, and further extensive research on key issues that affect PWA in South Africa

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Hargovan, H. & Chetty, R. (2023). The lived experiences of Persons with Albinism in the Northern Cape, South Africa

African Journal of Social Work, 13(3), 155-166. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i3.4

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From sankofa, tu, shosholoza to Ubuntu and umoja: a five-stage historical timeline of the philosophy of Africa and implications for education, research and practice
Authors: Mugumbate Rugare
Published: January 2024

There is no comprehensive history of Africa’s philosophy for reasons including colonisation and neo-colonisation that resulted in its philosophy’ neglect and under-studying compared to Eastern, Middle-Eastern and Western philosophies. In this article, the timeline of Africa’s philosophy has been divided into five stages – sankofa, tu, shosholoza, Ubuntu and umoja.  Sankofa is a stage where less is known, although, by looking at the history of the different groups of Black Africans – the Bantu, Kush, Nile-Sahara, San, Khoi Khoi, Hadza, Sandawe, Mbenga, Mbuti and Twa – we learn that they had related values centred around the family, community, society, environment and spirituality, and probably lived in proximity. The tu stage was characterised by the expansion of their communities and new languages that named Africa’s philosophy differently but closely. The shosholoza stage involved resisting the colonisation of Africa’s philosophy on and off the continent. The fourth stage is Ubuntu, the current stage where the noun Ubuntu has become prominent as the name of the philosophy for reasons including the resilience of the Zulu Kingdom from whose Nguni/Ngoni language the noun derives from. The final stage is umoja, the stage of renaissance and African-centredness. At this stage, Ubuntu is becoming the dominant worldview for  Africa. From this history, among other things, we learn that Ubuntu did not start recently, Africa is not philosophyless and that Ubuntu cannot be attributed to Bantu people alone but all Black Africa. This history contributes to a better education for Africa where scientists, researchers, teachers, social workers, development workers, even security people, politicians and business people – become African-centred, all working for an Africa whose knowledge, innovations and capabilities compete with the rest of the world on an equal footing. It is recommended that the history of Africa’s philosophy and the philosophy itself be embedded in all levels of ‘formal’ or ‘informal’ education and this will be more useful if all stages, from sankofa to umoja are included. Knowledge of Africa’s philosophy would make education, research and practice more appropriate to Africa, especially in the fields of social work and development where colonial knowledge, values and practices have been dominant.

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Mugumbate, R. (2023). From sankofa, tu, shosholoza to Ubuntu and umoja: a five-stage historical timeline of the philosophy of Africa and implications for education, research and practice. African Journal of Social Work, 13(3), 167-178. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i3.5

Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net