bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Деструкция архитектурного ландшафта городов-крепостей Шведской империи: типология и методика определения
Authors: Ф.Ю. Тышковский
Published: November 2024

В статье на материале городов-крепостей Шведской империи анализируется проблема деструкции их архитектурного ландшафта, к середине XIX в. обострившаяся вследствие массового сноса городских укреплений. Разрабатывается типология пространственных связей восприятия, генерируемых фортификационными комплексами (связи движения, событийные связи и визуальные связи). На основе сравнительного художественного анализа, выполненного иконографическим и натурным методом, вырабатывается универсальная методика, позволяющая по двум критериям: проценту физической утраты укреплений и их выявленности в городской ткани (степени сохранности пространственных связей) определять степень деструкции архитектурного ландшафта. Классифицируется шесть типов, для каждого типа выделяются категории утраченных и потенциально возможных для регенерации пространственных связей.

The article, based on the material of the fortified cities of the Swedish Empire, analyzes the problem of the destruction of their architectural landscape, by the middle of the 19th century aggravated due to massive demolition of city fortifications. A typology of spatial connections of perception generated by fortification complexes (movement connections, event connections and visual connections) is being developed. Based on a comparative artistic analysis carried out by iconographic and natural methods, a universal methodology is developed. It allows us to determine the degree of destruction of the architectural landscape according to two criteria: the percentage of physical loss of fortifications and their identification in the urban environment (the degree of preservation of the complex of spatial connections). 6 types are classified. For each type, categories of lost and potentially possible for regeneration spatial connections are identified.
Три иконы св. равноапостольной Нины. Особенности формирования новой иконографии
Authors: Н.С. Кутейникова
Published: November 2024

В статье впервые рассмотрены три иконы св. равноап. Нины, созданные в ХХI в. псковскими и петербургскими мастерами и объединенные общим сюжетом. Отмечен уникальный характер решения этих образов в творчестве иконописца Ю. Филиппова и мастера золотного шиться В. Казариной. Особенности раскрытия сюжета в иконографии икон позволяют не только определить их художественный уровень, но и впервые выделить одну из тенденций современной иконописи – документализм. Выявлены его различные формы как определяющие в характеристике образов и сюжетов, определена роль повествовательности и символики в их прочтении. Наряду с рассмотренными иконами св. Нины приведены примеры использования различных форм документализма в иконах петербургских художников Г. Панайотова и Д. Мироненко. Обращается внимание на роль профессионального образования иконописцев (композиция, рисунок, колорит) в образном решении икон. Сделана попытка кратко охарактеризовать тенденции документализма в иконописи Древней Руси. Подчеркнута роль традиций в современной иконописи мастеров Северо-Запада.

The article for the first time considers three icons of St Nina Equal-to-the-Apostles, created in the 21st century by masters of the North-West of Russia (St Petersburg – Pskov) and united by a common subject. The unique nature of the solution of these images in the work of the icon painter Y. Filippov and the master of the gold embroidery V. Kazarina is noted. The peculiarities of the subject presentation in the iconography of icons make it possible not only to determine the level of their artistic merit, but also for the first time to highlight one of the trends of modern icon painting – documentalism. Its various forms as determining the characteristics of images and subjects are revealed, the role of narrative and symbolism in their interpretation is emphasized. In parallel with the considered icons of St. Nina, the examples of the use of forms of documentalism in the works of icon painters of the northern capital – G. Panayotov and D. Mironenko – are given. Attention to the role of professional education (composition, drawing, color scheme) in the imaginative solution of icons is drawn. An attempt is made to briefly characterize the trends of documentalism in the icon painting of Old Russia and later period, up to the early 20th century. The role of traditions of the masters of the northern capital in the modern icon painting is emphasized.
The Impact of Surgical Timing on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Arteriovenous FistulaCreation for Hemodialysis. A Meta-analysis
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Shahmeer , Suleman Wasif , Khan Omer Javed , Iman Shazil , Dar Mohtashim , Ullah Muhammad Matee
Published: November 2024

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is the preferred method for vascular access in hemodialysis patients, offering better long-term patency, fewer complications, and lower infection rates compared to other options. However, the timing of AVF creation plays a critical role in determining outcomes. This meta-analysis examines the impact of surgical timing on AVF success, focusing on primary failure rates, maturation time, patency, and postoperative complications. Objectives: We sought to evaluate whether the timing of AVF creation impacts outcomes in hemodialysis patients and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane) until 2024 that included data. We selected studies based on defined criteria, and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Primary failure rates, maturation time, primary and secondary patency and postoperative complications were analyzed as outcomes. Heterogeneity was addressed with random effects models, and subgroup analyses were carried out on the basis of patient characteristics. Results: Early AVF creation (creating an AVF ≥ 6 months prior to dialysis initiation) was shown to reduced primary failure rate by 50%, shortened maturation time by 2 to 3 weeks and increase primary patency rates by up to 35%. Early AVF creation, on the other hand, was also accompanied by fewer postoperative complications, including infection and thrombosis, versus delayed AVF creation. Consistent benefits were seen for different patient profiles in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Early AVF creation is associated with superior outcomes, including lower failure rates, quicker maturation, and fewer complications. These findings support early AVF as the preferred practice in hemodialysis care, enhancing long-term patient outcomes and quality of care.
Effects of Facial Recognition and Text Semantic Recognition on Affective Tutoring System
Authors: Liu Hsin-Lan , Lai Chin-Feng , Lin Hao-Chiang Koong
Published: November 2024

Facial recognition is the fastest method to detect emotions, and it can be combined with text semantic recognition to increase the accuracy of emotion detection. Emotions and creativity have often been discussed in recent years. A student will be interested in learning as long as he or she enjoys learning. Mind mapping is an active and simultaneous use of the left and right brains to stimulate the creativity and imagination of the learner, which is complementary to positive emotion. This study constructed an affective adaptive learning system that combines text emotions and facial clues in chatbot conversations to understand the emotional responses of learners during the learning process. The system is tailored to accommodate diverse learners through modules of varying difficulty scales, the incorporation of mind maps to support teaching and learning, and the implementation of asynchronous online discussion forums for discourse and feedback on course-related topics. The results revealed significant differences in critical thinking, reflective thinking, and problem-solving skills between the experimental and control groups, and students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group on the creation of mind maps.
Quantitative Analysis and Forecasting Techniques in Financial Markets: A 2022 Review
Authors: Huang Zibin
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in quantitative analysis and forecasting techniques in financial markets, focusing on key developments in 2022. It explores various statistical models, machine learning methodologies, and high-frequency trading algorithms, highlighting their applications and effectiveness in predicting market trends. Additionally, the paper discusses forecasting techniques such as time series analysis, predictive analytics, and sentiment analysis, while examining their role in shaping investment strategies and risk management. The analysis further delves into the practical applications of these techniques in areas like risk management, asset pricing, and market efficiency. Finally, the paper outlines future trends in quantitative finance, including the integration of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and the growing emphasis on ESG factors. This review serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and researchers looking to understand the evolving landscape of quantitative finance.
With Fear, Favor, and Flawed Analysis: Decision-Making in U.S. Immigration Courts
Authors: Musalo Karen , Law Anna , Daher Annie , Donato Katharine , Meiners Chelsea
Published: November 2024

Immigration judges (IJs), housed within the Executive Office for Immigration Review within the Department of Justice (DOJ), make decisions in asylum and withholding claims, which are life or death matters. And although their title is “judge,” IJs are DOJ attorneys who lack independence and are particularly susceptible to political pressures. Federal court judges and scholars alike have criticized the quality and fairness of IJ decision-making, and many studies have been carried out to better understand the factors that impact it. The prior studies have relied principally on quantitative data because IJ decisions are not publicly available or searchable in any existing database.
           The authors of this study had unprecedented access to more than five hundred IJ decisions, allowing for both a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our findings were consistent with other studies in noting that IJ experience and gender made a difference in case outcomes, with male IJs and IJs with enforcement backgrounds denying protection at higher rates. We were able to identify other significant trends as well, including that the most common reasons why IJs denied protection to credible asylum seekers were their findings that they failed to meet the extremely stringent requirements of two elements of the refugee definition—elements which arguably are overly restrictive and inconsistent with international norms. We also observed patterns of incompetence and bias among these decisions.
           This Article recommends several policy reforms to address the shortcomings we identify, among them: (1) the creation of Article I immigration courts, (2) improvement of IJ competence through more stringent hiring standards and continuing education, (3) increased diversity of IJs based on employment experience, (4) reduced deference to the Board of Immigration Appeals in reviewing cases, and (5) allocating additional resources to immigration adjudication.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТИ ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ СЫРДАРЬИНСКОЙ ДЕПРЕССИИ
Authors:   д.ф.г.-м.н, доцент директор ГУ «ИГИРНИГМ»,  Ташкент, Узбекистан, Қаршиев Одаш Абдугаффорович , Джалилов Гафур Ганиевич ,   д.ф.г.-м.н., доцент  ГУ «ИГИРНИГМ»,  Ташкент, Узбекистан, Ахмедова Дилфуза Азаматовна ,   Старший преподаватель кафедры ГНГГиГ, Университета геологических наук,  Ташкент, Узбекистан
Published: November 2024

Приведены данные по литолого-стратиграфической характеристике разрезов, особенности геологического строения и возможная нефтегазоносность Сырдарьинской депрессии. Анализ основных геологических факторов дают основание для положительной оценки перспектив нефтегазоносности слабо дислоцированных и практически неметаморфизованных терригенных, терригенно-карбонатных, карбонатных и вулканогенных образований верхнего девона и нижнего карбона, слагающих квазиплатформенный комплекс. Дальнейшие перспективы нефтегазоносности Сырдарьинской депрессии связаны с верхнепалеозойским квазиплатформенным комплексом.
The Influence Of Playing With Plasticine On The Development Of Children's Creativity At TK Negeri Satap Sibargot Village
Authors: Nursani Rambe  , Soybatul Aslamiah Ritonga  , Azhar
Published: November 2024

Playing with playdough is a constructive play.  Creativity generates a new idea that connects with the previous one, creating something new.  The problem formulation in this research is "Is there an influence of using plasticine media on the development of early childhood creativity at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot."  The research aims to determine the effect of plasticine media on developing creativity in early childhood at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot. This research uses a quasi-experimental quantitative research design with a control class, where the experimental class consists of 15 children and the control class consists of 15 children. Data were collected using the observation guideline technique of the child creativity development research instrument.  The analysis technique uses data homogeneity, normality, and paired sample t test/hypothesis testing techniques.
Hypothesis analysis is used to test the hypothesis using the t-test in the SPSS 17 program, namely, t-test = 15.453 sig 0.000.  Therefore, the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.520 > 0.000 means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted.  Thus, the research hypothesis stating that using colored flour playdough media affects the development of creativity in early childhood at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot is accepted as true.
The Influence of Playing with Play-Doh on theDevelopment of Children's Creativity atTK Negeri Satap, Sibargot Village
Authors: Rina Syahfitri  , Leli Hasanah Lubis  , Ismi Yulizar
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the questionand-answer method on the language development of early childhood at RA Al-Wafi Bulungihit Village. This type of research uses quantitative research (Quasi Experiment) with a research sample using population sampling techniques. The RA class serves as the control class where the researcher conducts the learning process using the conventional learning model (lectures, question and answer, discussions) with teachercentered learning activities. The RA Group B class serves as the experimental class taught using the question and answer method. The research instrument used observation sheets and documentation conducted by RA group B children. The data analysis technique used was the paired t-test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results of the hypothesis test for the Post Test data using the question-and-answer method showed that tobserved > t-table (3.378 > 1.895). Thus, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Therefore, there is an influence of the question-andanswer method on the language development of early childhood at RA Al-Wafi Bulungihit Village.
Best practice guidelines - Fetal Medicine
Authors: Stewart C , Pistorius L , Geerts L , Budhram S , Naidoo P , Gubu-Ntaba N
Published: November 2024

These are three best practice guidelines related to important areas in obstetrics. The first details the prenatal care of twin pregnancies. The second provides guidelines for the management of intrauterine growth restriction and the third provides guidance on the use of Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics, including technical aspects and safety.
Research by scientists of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Chernobyl accident zone
Authors: Sokerin Timofei Anatolevich
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is the activity of scientists from the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the area of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. In 1986–1992, researchers from the Institute of Biology worked in the Chernobyl accident zone. The foundation for scientists to conduct scientific research in the area of the accident was laid by the long-term scientific activity of radioecologists of the Institute of Biology in the Komi ASSR. The methodological basis of the work was based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and an interdisciplinary approach that made it possible to explain phenomena and events using the knowledge of several scientific disciplines. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it shows for the first time the connection between radioecological research and environmental history. Based on archival documents and published sources, the importance of radioecological research in the context of ecohistory was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the research of scientists from the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was carried out within the framework of scientific research aimed at a comprehensive study of the consequences of a radiation accident. The scientific staff of the Institute of Biology prepared recommendations for the elimination of its consequences and obtained results that contributed to the development of radioecology. It was found that the radioecological studies conducted in the accident zone were closely related to the environmental history, and their results make it possible to protect ecosystems from the effects of radiation.
Impact of Africa's seat at G20 on the African Free Trade Area.
Authors: Reuel Emmanuel Konyi , Awah Jeremaih Acuro
Published: November 2024

This research examines the implications of Africa’s recent inclusion in the Group of 20 (G20) on the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and its liberalized markets agenda. With the AU joining the G20 in 2023, there is potential for economic growth and investment through trade partnerships. The AfCFTA, launched in 2018, aims to integrate African markets by reducing tariffs and fostering free movement of goods, services, and capital to achieve economic transformation. This study explores the alignment between the G20’s global trade framework, governed primarily by WTO principles, and the AfCFTA’s regional trade objectives. Key areas of analysis include trade policies, regulatory standards, dispute settlement mechanisms, and Africa’s role in global economic governance. The study finds that while G20 membership offers Africa greater influence in global trade discussions, it also presents potential conflicts, particularly in areas such as tariff regulations, environmental standards, and trade preferences. The research concludes that Africa must strategically engage in G20 forums to ensure that its AfCFTA goals are not compromised, and calls for structural reforms to boost competitiveness and human capital development across the continent. The researcher depended on official sources like institutions, journals and resources from academic sources like Google Scholar. For analysis of AfCFTA, the treaty establishing AfCFTA is reviewed together with articles to conclude. There are 6 separate protocols as part of the AfCFTA. They are ‘The Protocol on Trade in Goods’, ‘The Protocol on Trade in Services’, ‘The Protocol on Rules & Procedure on the settlement of disputes’, ‘The Protocol Investment’, ‘The Protocol on Intellectual Property Rights’ and ‘The Protocol Competition Policy’. This work studies the Protocols on Trade in Good and Trade in Services together with the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area for its analysis.
Introducing µGUIDE for quantitative imaging via generalized uncertainty-driven inference using deep learning
Authors: Jallais Maëliss , Palombo Marco
Published: November 2024

This work proposes µGUIDE: a general Bayesian framework to estimate posterior distributions of tissue microstructure parameters from any given biophysical model or signal representation, with exemplar demonstration in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Harnessing a new deep learning architecture for automatic signal feature selection combined with simulation-based inference and efficient sampling of the posterior distributions, µGUIDE bypasses the high computational and time cost of conventional Bayesian approaches and does not rely on acquisition constraints to define model-specific summary statistics. The obtained posterior distributions allow to highlight degeneracies present in the model definition and quantify the uncertainty and ambiguity of the estimated parameters.
A system for functional studies of the major virulence factor of malaria parasites
Authors: Cronshagen Jakob , Allweier Johannes , Mesén-Ramírez Paolo , Stäcker Jan , Vaaben Anna Viktoria , Ramón-Zamorano Gala , Naranjo-Prado Isabel , Ofori Susann , Jansen Pascal WTC , Hornebeck Joëlle , Kieferle Florian , Murk Agnes , Martin Elicia , Castro-Peña Carolina , Bártfai Richárd , Lavstsen Thomas , Bruchhaus Iris , Spielmann Tobias
Published: November 2024

PfEMP1 is a variable antigen displayed on erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
. PfEMP1 mediates binding of the infected cell to the endothelium of blood vessels, a cause of severe malaria. Each parasite encodes ∼60 different PfEMP1 variants but only one is expressed at a time. Switching between variants underlies immune evasion in the host and variant-specific severity of disease. PfEMP1 is difficult to study due to expression heterogeneity between parasites which also renders genetic modification approaches ineffective. Here, we used selection linked integration (SLI) to generate parasites all expressing the same PfEMP1 variant and genome edit the expressed locus. Moving this system from the reference strain 3D7 to IT4 resulted in PfEMP1 expressor parasites with effective receptor binding capacities. We also introduce a second version of SLI (SLI2) to introduce additional genome edits. Using these systems, we study PfEMP1 trafficking, generate cell lines binding to all major endothelial receptors, survey the protein environment from functional PfEMP1 in the host cell and identify new proteins needed for PfEMP1 mediated sequestration. These findings show the usefulness of the system to study the key virulence factor of malaria parasites.
Estimating dispersal rates and locating genetic ancestors with genome-wide genealogies
Authors: Osmond Matthew , Coop Graham
Published: November 2024

Spatial patterns in genetic diversity are shaped by individuals dispersing from their parents and larger-scale population movements. It has long been appreciated that these patterns of movement shape the underlying genealogies along the genome leading to geographic patterns of isolation-by-distance in contemporary population genetic data. However, extracting the enormous amount of information contained in genealogies along recombining sequences has, until recently, not been computationally feasible. Here, we capitalize on important recent advances in genome-wide gene-genealogy reconstruction and develop methods to use thousands of trees to estimate per-generation dispersal rates and to locate the genetic ancestors of a sample back through time. We take a likelihood approach in continuous space using a simple approximate model (branching Brownian motion) as our prior distribution of spatial genealogies. After testing our method with simulations we apply it to Arabidopsis thaliana. We estimate a dispersal rate of roughly 60 km2/generation, slightly higher across latitude than across longitude, potentially reflecting a northward post-glacial expansion. Locating ancestors allows us to visualize major geographic movements, alternative geographic histories, and admixture. Our method highlights the huge amount of information about past dispersal events and population movements contained in genome-wide genealogies.
Heterozygote advantage can explain the extraordinary diversity of immune genes
Authors: Siljestam Mattias , Rueffler Claus
Published: November 2024

The majority of highly polymorphic genes are related to immune functions and with over 100 alleles within a population, genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the most polymorphic loci in vertebrates. How such extraordinary polymorphism arose and is maintained is controversial. One possibility is heterozygote advantage (HA), which can in principle maintain any number of alleles, but biologically explicit models based on this mechanism have so far failed to reliably predict the coexistence of significantly more than 10 alleles. We here present an eco-evolutionary model showing that evolution can result in the emergence and maintenance of more than 100 alleles under HA if the following two assumptions are fulfilled: first, pathogens are lethal in the absence of an appropriate immune defence; second, the effect of pathogens depends on host condition, with hosts in poorer condition being affected more strongly. Thus, our results show that HA can be a more potent force in explaining the extraordinary polymorphism found at MHC loci than currently recognised.
High-density sampling reveals volume growth in human tumours
Authors: Angaji Arman , Owusu Michel , Velling Christoph , Dick Nicola , Weghorn Donate , Berg Johannes
Published: November 2024

In growing cell populations such as tumours, mutations can serve as markers that allow tracking the past evolution from current samples. The genomic analyses of bulk samples and samples from multiple regions have shed light on the evolutionary forces acting on tumours. However, little is known empirically on the spatio-temporal dynamics of tumour evolution. Here, we leverage published data from resected hepatocellular carcinomas, each with several hundred samples taken in two and three dimensions. Using spatial metrics of evolution, we find that tumour cells grow predominantly uniformly within the tumour volume instead of at the surface. We determine how mutations and cells are dispersed throughout the tumour and how cell death contributes to the overall tumour growth. Our methods shed light on the early evolution of tumours in vivo and can be applied to high-resolution data in the emerging field of spatial biology.
Endosomal sorting protein SNX4 limits synaptic vesicle docking and release
Authors: Poppinga Josse , Barret Nolan J , Cornelisse L Niels , Verhage Matthijs , van Weering Jan RT
Published: November 2024

Sorting nexin 4 (SNX4) is an evolutionary conserved organizer of membrane recycling. In neurons, SNX4 accumulates in synapses, but how SNX4 affects synapse function remains unknown. We generated a conditional SNX4 knock-out mouse model and report that SNX4 cKO synapses show enhanced neurotransmission during train stimulation, while the first evoked EPSC was normal. SNX4 depletion did not affect vesicle recycling, basic autophagic flux or the levels and localization of SNARE-protein VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2. However, SNX4 depletion affected synapse ultrastructure: an increase in docked synaptic vesicles at the active zone, while the overall vesicle number was normal, and a decreased active zone length. These effects together lead to a substantially increased density of docked vesicles per release site. In conclusion, SNX4 is a negative regulator of synaptic vesicle docking and release. These findings suggest a role for SNX4 in synaptic vesicle recruitment at the active zone.
Adipocyte microRNA-802 promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by modulating macrophages in obesity
Authors: Yang Yue , Huang Bin , Qin Yimeng , Wang Danwei , Jin Yinuo , Su Linmin , Wang Qingxin , Pan Yi , Zhang Yanfeng , Shen Yumeng , Hu Wenjun , Cao Zhengyu , Jin Liang , Zhang Fangfang
Published: November 2024

Adipose tissue inflammation is now considered to be a key process underlying metabolic diseases in obese individuals. However, it remains unclear how adipose inflammation is initiated and maintained or the mechanism by which inflammation develops. We found that microRNA-802 (Mir802) expression in adipose tissue is progressively increased with the development of dietary obesity in obese mice and humans. The increasing trend of Mir802 preceded the accumulation of macrophages. Adipose tissue-specific knockout of Mir802 lowered macrophage infiltration and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance. Conversely, the specific overexpression of Mir802 in adipose tissue aggravated adipose inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, Mir802 activates noncanonical and canonical NF-κB pathways by targeting its negative regulator, TRAF3. Next, NF-κB orchestrated the expression of chemokines and SREBP1, leading to strong recruitment and M1-like polarization of macrophages. Our findings indicate that Mir802 endows adipose tissue with the ability to recruit and polarize macrophages, which underscores Mir802 as an innovative and attractive candidate for miRNA-based immune therapy for adipose inflammation.
Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals the Dynamic Transcript Profiles of Myocardial Lymphangiogenesis post Myocardial Infarction
Authors: He Jiaqi , Zhang Dali , Song Haixu , Liu Ziqi , Liu Dan , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhao Xiaojie , Zhang Yan , Liu Jing , Xu Jiaxin , Yan Chenghui , Han Yaling
Published: November 2024

Cardiac lymphatics play an important role in myocardial edema and inflammation. This study integrated single-cell sequencing data and spatial transcriptome data from mouse heart tissue at different time points post-myocardial infarction (MI), and identified four transcriptionally distinct subtypes of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and localized them in space. Interestingly, LECs subgroups was found to be localized in different zones of infarcted heart related to different functions. Additionally, LEC capillary III(LEC ca III) may be involved in the direct regulation of myocardial injuries in infarcted zone from the perspective of metabolic stress, while LEC ca II may be related to the rapid immune inflammatory responses of the border zone in the early stage of MI. LEC ca I, as well as LEC collection mainly participate in the regulation of myocardial tissue edema resolution in the middle and late stages post-MI. Cell trajectory and Cell-Chat analyses further identified that LECs may regulate myocardial edema through Aqp1, and might affect the infiltration of macrophages through the Galectin9-CD44 pathway. Collectively, our study revealed the dynamic transcriptional heterogeneity distribution of LECs in different regions of the infarcted heart, in detail; these LECs formed different functional subgroups, that might exhibit different bioeffects in myocardial tissue post-MI.
Low-dose chemotherapy combined with delayed immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and dynamic monitoring of the drug response in peripheral blood
Authors: Liang Chaoyang , Song Qi , Zhou Wenhao , Li Na , Xiong Qi , Pan Chaohu , Zhao Shaohong , Yan Xiang , Zhang Xiaoling , Long Yaping , Guo Juntang , Wang Tao , Shi Weiwei , Sun Shengjie , Yang Bo , Dong Zhouhuan , Luo Haitao , Li Jie , Hu Yi , Yang Bo
Published: November 2024

Despite chemo-immunotherapy has been applied to the neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the impacts of dosage and the order of medication on treatment efficacy and safety remain largely unexplored. We originally designed an exploratory study to investigate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose chemotherapy combined with delayed immunotherapy as well as the dynamic changes of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and T cell receptor (TCR) during the therapy.Patients with clinical stage IIA to IIIA resectable NSCLC were treated with 2 cycles of reduced-dose platinum-based chemotherapy on day 1 combined with immunotherapy on day 5. The same postoperative modified adjuvant therapy regimen was administered for 2 cycles. Plasma samples at different time-points were collected and performed with T cell receptor (TCR) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing.38 patients received modified chemo-immunotherapy. The proportion of patients exhibiting complete response and partial response was 5.3% and 68.4%, respectively. The confirmed objective response rate was 73.7%. Radiological downstaging was achieved in 39.5%. Major pathologic response and complete pathologic response were observed in 47.4% and 31.6% of patients, respectively. Only one patient experienced grade 3 adverse event. Further analyses revealed that this modified chemo-immunotherapy led to the expansion of predominant TCR clones and reduction of tumor burden after the first cycle of chemotherapy.The promising clinical efficacy and low side effects of modified neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy position it as a prospective and innovative strategy for NSCLC.
A big data analysis algorithm for massive sensor medical images
Authors: Alzakari Sarah A. , Alruwais Nuha , Sorour Shaymaa , Ebad Shouki A. , Hassan Elnour Asma Abbas , Sayed Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Big data analytics for clinical decision-making has been proposed for various clinical sectors because clinical decisions are more evidence-based and promising. Healthcare data is so vast and readily available that big data analytics has completely transformed this sector and opened up many new prospects. The smart sensor-based big data analysis recommendation system has significant privacy and security concerns when using sensor medical images for suggestions and monitoring. The danger of security breaches and unauthorized access, which might lead to identity theft and privacy violations, increases when sending and storing sensitive medical data on the cloud. Our effort will improve patient care and well-being by creating an anomaly detection system based on machine learning specifically for medical images and providing timely treatments and notifications. Current anomaly detection methods in healthcare systems, such as artificial intelligence and big data analytics-intracerebral hemorrhage (AIBDA-ICH) and parallel conformer neural network (PCNN), face several challenges, including high resource consumption, inefficient feature selection, and an inability to handle temporal data effectively for real-time monitoring. Techniques like support vector machines (SVM) and the hidden Markov model (HMM) struggle with computational overhead and scalability in large datasets, limiting their performance in critical healthcare applications. Additionally, existing methods often fail to provide accurate anomaly detection with low latency, making them unsuitable for time-sensitive environments. We infer the extraction, feature selection, attack detection, and data collection and processing procedures to anticipate anomaly inpatient data. We transfer the data, take care of missing values, and sanitize it using the pre-processing mechanism. We employed the recursive feature elimination (RFE) and dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA) algorithms for feature selection and extraction. In addition, we applied the Auto-encoded genetic recurrent neural network (AGRNN) approach to identify abnormalities. Data arrival rate, resource consumption, propagation delay, transaction epoch, true positive rate, false alarm rate, and root mean square error (RMSE) are some metrics used to evaluate the proposed task.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was the specific risk factors of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus spine infection: a retrospective study in a single center
Authors: Endo Kaori
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate how risk factors and reduced spinal mobility contribute to spinal infections arising from methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, known for increased mortality and diagnostic difficulties, especially in patients with septic shock or coma.

Methods

This retrospective study divided MSSA bacteremia patients into three groups: spinal infections (Group A, n = 14), non-spinal/implant infections (Group B, n = 24), and implant-related infections (Group C, n = 21). Analyses focused on demographics, medical history, laboratory inflammatory markers at antibiotic initiation, and spinal pathologies detected by CT. All results of the statistical analyses were significant at P < 0.05. We employed multinomial univariable logistic regression and contingency table analysis to assess risk factors across three groups. Subsequently, binomial multivariable logistic regression was used to compare Group A against Groups B and C, successfully identifying significant predictors of spinal infection.

Results

A lower incidence of diabetes (p = 0.029), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at onset (p = 0.014), and the presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH); p = 0.022) were significantly associated with spinal infections in Group A. Furthermore, binomial analysis revealed DISH (Odds Ratio (OR) = 41.750; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.86–939.0]; p = 0.019), absence of diabetes (OR = 1.20, CI [1.01–1.43], p = 0.038), elevated CRP (OR = 23.34, CI [1.13–483.4], p = 0.042), and a lower day 3/day 1 white blood cell (WBC) ratio (OR = 0.964, CI [0.93–1.00], p = 0.047) as risk factors when compared with other groups.

Conclusion

Spinal infection patients with MSSA bacteremia are less likely to have diabetes and more likely to have higher initial CRP levels and DISH. Notably, DISH might be emerging as a distinctive risk factor for spinal infection, underscoring its potential as a marker for clinical awareness.
Immuno-oncologic profiling by stage-dependent transcriptome and proteome analyses of spontaneously regressing canine cutaneous histiocytoma
Authors: Loriani Fard Alina K. , Haake Alexander , Jovanovic Vladimir , Andreotti Sandro , Hummel Michael , Hempel Benjamin-Florian , Gruber Achim D.
Published: November 2024

Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) is a tumor that originates from dermal Langerhans cells and affects particularly young dogs. The common spontaneous regression of CCH makes it an interesting model in comparative oncology research. Previous studies have indicated that anti-tumor immune responses may be involved, but details remain speculative to date. Here, we asked which specific immuno-oncological dynamics underlie spontaneous regression of CCH on mRNA and protein levels. QuantSeq 3′ mRNA sequencing with functional over-representation analysis and an nCounter RNA hybridization assay were employed on 21 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CCH samples representing three different tumor stages (dataset information: GSE261387—Immuno-Oncologic Profiling by Stage-Dependent Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of Spontaneously Regressing Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma—OmicsDI). Nine additional samples were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Surprisingly, only minor stage-specific differences were found. When we investigated expression of B7 family ligands and CD28 family receptors holding co-stimulatory and -inhibitory functions, respectively, we found a higher abundance of CD80, CD86, CTLA4 and CD28, which may trigger a balanced activation of lymphocyte-mediated immune responses. CD80 and CD86 expressing cells were further quantified by in situ hybridization and compared with data from three cases of canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a malignant tumor variant originating from antigen-presenting interstitial dendritic cells. A stage-specific increase of CD80 expressing cells was recorded in CCH from the tumor bottom to the top, while CD86 was continuously and homogenously expressed at high levels. Overall expression of CD80 in CCH was similar to that in HS (73.3 ± 37.4% vs 62.1 ± 46.4%), while significantly more CD86 expressing tumor cells were found in CCH (94.7 ± 10.3%) when compared to HS (57.6 ± 11.0%). Our data suggest that major immuno-oncological pathways are not regulated during regression of CCH on the mRNA or protein levels as detectable by the methods used. Instead, our data provide further evidence supporting previous hypotheses towards a role of immune stimulatory B7 family ligands and CD28 family receptors in the regression of CCH.
Multi-environment QTL mapping identifies major genetic loci influencing soybean main stem node architecture
Authors: Ren Honglei , Qu Xue , Hong Huilong , Sun Lingling , Lamlom Sobhi F. , Liu Zhangxiong , Lu Wencheng
Published: November 2024

Soybean plant architecture has a significant impact on yield potential, but the genetic underpinnings of key architectural traits remain elusive. The primary objective of this study was to explore the genetic foundations underlying main stem node number (MSN) in soybeans. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) contained a 234 individual derived from crosses between two cultivars Zhonghuang35 (ZH35) and Jindou21 (JD21) was evaluated for seed hardness across 3 years (2013, 2014, and 2015 in Gansu). Markedly, the parent varieties, shown significant differences in MSN. Also, the RIL population exhibited a wide range of genetic variation in MSN. A high-density genetic map composed of 8,078 specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) markers, spanning 3,480.98 centimorgans (cM) with an average inter-marker distance of 0.59 cM were used to construct linkage map. Using ICIM analysis identified a total of 23 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) across the 20 chromosome, of which five QTLs were detected in multiple years in Chr.6. Notably, we identified a stable major QTL, qMSN-6-4, explaining up to 24.81% of phenotypic variation. This QTL govern seven candidate genes with potential roles in regulating MSN development in soybean, including Glyma.06G027500 with a domain of unknown function, Glyma.06G027600 involved in proton transport, Glyma.06G027700 linked to proteolysis, Glyma.06G027900 related to transcriptional regulation, and Glyma.06G028000 and Glyma.06G028050 associated with membrane functions. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed that these genes were expressed differently between the parental lines this supports the idea that they may play a role in determining MSN. Glyma.06G027500 and Glyma.06G027600 showing higher expression in JD21 leaves and nodes, while Glyma.06G027700 and Glyma.06G028000 exhibited increased expression in ZH35 stems, highlighting their distinct roles in transcription regulation, membrane activities, and protein degradation that contribute to MSN formation in soybean. This study offers valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing soybean MSN, providing a foundation for future research and crop improvement efforts.
Divergent effects of short-term and continuous anthropogenic noise exposure on Western Bluebird parental care behavior
Authors: Ozkan Kerstin , Langley Jordan M. , Talbott Jason W. , Kleist Nathan J. , Francis Clinton D.
Published: November 2024

Sensory environments are rapidly changing due to increased human activity in urban and non-urban areas alike. For instance, natural and anthropogenic sounds can interfere with parent-offspring communication and mask cues reflective of predation risk, resulting in elevated vigilance at the cost of provisioning. Here we present data from two separate studies involving anthropogenic noise and nestling provisioning behavior in Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana): one in response to short-term (1 h) experimental noise playback and a second in the context of nests located along a gradient of exposure to continuous noise. In the short-term playback experiment, nests were sequentially exposed to trials with either traffic noise or a silent audio track. The effect of the playback type interacted with the effect of the order in which trials were presented. The outcome was that provisioning rates during second trials with the silent track playback were higher than provisioning rates during noise playback on first or second trials, but not first trials with the silent track playback. Additionally, failed provisioning attempts only occurred during noise trials. In contrast, provisioning rates increased with the amplitude of noise among nests located in a gradient of continuous noise exposure. For nests along the noise gradient, the latency to resume provisioning behavior following human disturbance from approaching the nest negatively covaried with noise exposure amplitude. Specifically, birds resumed provisioning behavior more quickly with increased noise amplitude. Collectively, both studies demonstrate that noise can influence avian parental care of offspring, but the direction of the effect of noise are opposite. This difference could reflect variation in populations, noise characteristics or latent environmental contexts, or different ages of nestlings. However, it is also possible that the divergent responses reflect important differences in organismal responses to short-term versus long-term noise exposure. The possibility of mismatches in responses to short-term versus long-term noise exposure should be the focus of additional research, especially because short-term noise exposure experiments are often used to understand the consequences of noise pollution for organisms living in noisy environments.
Etkileşimli Okumanın İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazma Tutum ve Motivasyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: Yurtbakan Ergün
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırma, etkileşimli okumanın ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma tutum ve motivasyonlarına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Karma yöntemin açıklayıcı deseninden yararlanılan çalışmanın nicel kısmında yarı deneysel desenden, nitel kısmında ise özel durum çalışmasından yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmaya Trabzon ilinin Maçka ilçesinde bulunan bir ilkokulun 4. sınıf düzeyindeki 6 şubesinden 2’si rastgele deney (18 öğrenci) ve kontrol grubu (17 öğrenci) olarak atanmıştır. Çalışmadaki veriler 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde toplanmıştır. Çalışmadaki nicel veriler “Yazma tutum Ölçeği” ve “Yazma Motivasyonu Ölçeği”, nitel veriler ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın nicel bölümündeki veriler Mann Whitney U ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi ile analiz edilirken nitel bölümündeki veriler betimsel analiz ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda; ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma tutum ve motivasyonlarında etkileşimli okuma uygulaması ile geleneksel okuma karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı farklılaşma olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma tutumlarında etkileşimli okuma uygulamasının geleneksel okumaya göre daha kalıcı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlkokul 4. sınıf öğrencileri, okuma ve yazmayı eğlenceli hale getirmesi nedeniyle etkileşimli okuma uygulaması ile yazma çalışmalarını tercih ettiklerini ve yazma çalışmalarının etkileşimli okuma uygulaması ile yapılmasını istediklerini ifade etmiştir.
RNA polymerase pausing at a protein roadblock can enhance transcriptional interference by promoter occlusion
Authors: Hao Nan , Crooks Michael T. , Palmer Adam C. , Dodd Ian B. , Shearwin Keith E.
Published: March 2019

Convergent promoters exert transcriptional interference (TI) by several mechanisms including promoter occlusion, where elongating RNA polymerases (RNAPs) block access to a promoter. Here, we tested whether pausing of RNAPs by obstructive DNA‐bound proteins can enhance TI by promoter occlusion. Using the Lac repressor as a ‘roadblock’ to induce pausing over a target promoter, we found only a small increase in TI, with mathematical modelling suggesting that rapid termination of the stalled RNAP was limiting the occlusion effect. As predicted, the roadblock‐enhanced occlusion was significantly increased in the absence of the Mfd terminator protein. Thus, protein roadblocking of RNAP may cause pause‐enhanced occlusion throughout genomes, and the removal of stalled RNAP may be needed to minimize unwanted TI.