bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The supramolecular polymer complexes with oppositely charged calixresorcinarene: hydrophobic domain formation and synergistic binding modes
Authors: Morozova Ju. E. , Syakaev V. V. , Shalaeva Ya. V. , Ermakova A. M. , Nizameev I. R. , Kadirov M. K. , Kazakova E. Kh. , Konovalov A. I.
Published: February 2018

The enhancement of binding properties in the supramolecular complexes of anionic calixresorcinarenes with branched PEI was demonstrated and discussed.
An efficient synergistic cancer therapy by integrating cell cycle inhibitor and photosensitizer into polydopamine nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Shufeng , Song Xiaorong , Liu Yan , Dai Tao , Huang Mingdong , Chen Xueyuan , Chen Zhuo
Published: February 2018

A novel polydopamine (PDA) based nanocomposite loaded with cell cycle inhibitor (NOC) and photosensitizer (ZnPc12+) was developed for efficient synergistic cancer therapy.
pH-Independent two-photon fluorescent lysotrackers for real-time monitoring autophagy
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Ning Peng , Wang Qi , Zhang Wan , Jiang Jun , Feng Yan , Meng Xiangming
Published: February 2018

pH-Independent two-photon fluorescent lysotrackers were achieved to real-time track lysosomes and visualize the membrane fusion period of autophagy.
Excellent nonlinear absorption properties of β-antimonene nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wang Mengxia , Wang Zhengping , Han Kezhen , Liu Xiaojuan , Xu Xinguang
Published: February 2018

In this study, β-antimonene nanosheets were exfoliated using liquid-phase exfoliation assisted by sonication. The nonlinear absorption properties of β-antimonene nanosheets were systemically investigated. Our results demonstrate that antimonene is a promising candidate as a saturable absorber and an optical limiting material.
Bipartite output containment of general linear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems on signed digraphs
Authors: Zuo Shan , Song Yongduan , L. Lewis Frank , Davoudi Ali
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the bipartite output containment control of general linear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems on signed communication networks with antagonistic interactions, modelled as negative weights on the digraph. The authors first formulate a new control problem referred to as the bipartite output containment. This control paradigm aims to make each follower's output converge to a dynamic convex hull spanned by the outputs and the sign‐inverted outputs of multiple leaders. Second, the authors prove that the bipartite output containment problem can be solved by making some suitably defined signed output containment errors go to zero asymptotically. Then, the authors construct three different control protocols, using full‐state feedback, static output‐feedback, and dynamic output‐feedback designs. These control protocols are based on a distributed feed‐forward approach, which requires a feedback gain to make the closed‐loop system matrix stable, and a feed‐forward gain to drive trajectories of the closed‐loop system toward a subspace that renders the regulated signed output containment errors zero. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed control protocols.
Stabilisation to input‐to‐state stability for continuous‐time dynamical systems via event‐triggered impulsive control with three levels of events
Authors: Liu Bin , Hill David J. , Sun Zhijie
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the issue of stabilisation to input‐to‐state stability (ISS) by event‐triggered impulsive control (ETIC) for continuous‐time dynamical systems (CDSs) with external inputs/disturbances. The CDSs are more general systems with possible multiple vector fields and dynamics. The ETIC scheme is based on three key indices: threshold value, control‐free index, and check period, and it is executed by designing three levels of events from which ETIC is triggered. Both ETIC and ETIC with time‐delays (delayed ETIC) are studied, respectively, and the criteria for ISS are derived for CDSs under ETIC. Thus the stabilisation to ISS is achieved for CDSs by the designed ETIC with or without time delays. The data dropout of ETIC is also investigated, where the maximal allowable dropout rates are estimated, respectively. It shows that the proposed ETIC scheme has advantages over the reported event‐triggered control and has robustness with respect to the network‐induced time‐delays although larger time‐delays might lead to a slower convergence speed for the stabilisation to ISS. Finally, two examples with numerical simulations are given to illustrate the obtained results.
Exponential convergence rate of distributed optimisation for multi‐agent systems with constraints set over a directed graph
Authors: Wang Zhu , Wang Dong , Sun Jianzhong , Wang Wei
Published: February 2018

In this study, the authors propose a novel distributed continuous‐time algorithm based on projection and gradient to solve the optimisation problem of a multi‐agent system under any initialisation manner over a directed graph. The considered cost function is a summation of all local cost functions with local constraints set. The point of the proposed protocol is that a new scheme is proposed to offset the non‐zero local gradients of local cost functions at the minimiser. The optimal solution of the proposed algorithm is shown using the variational inequality under some conditions. Moreover, exponential convergence rate of the designed algorithm is verified with the help of the identity transformation and Lypaunov stability theory. Finally, a numerical example and a comparison are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results obtained.
Signal flow graph modelling of a switching converter with single inductor triple output DC–DC structure
Authors: Abbasi Majid , Afifi Ahmad , Alizadeh Pahlavani Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2018

This study describes the systematic signal flow graph (SFG) modelling of a single inductor triple output (SITO) DC/DC converters. The multi‐stages operation of SITO converter and the parasitic elements cause obtaining a model to predict the all behaviours of converter be more difficult than typical converters. By SFG method, all small‐signal transfer functions can be derived. Derivations of large‐signal, small‐signal and steady‐state models are demonstrated by considering a single inductor triple output boost/boost convert. The effect of inductor ripple current has been considered to determine the acceptable region of SFG modelling method. Simulation and experimental results are included to show the validity of the obtained model.
Measurement of walking speed from gait data using kurtosis and skewness based approximate and detailed coefficients
Authors: Masum Habib , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Ray Ranjit , Bhaumik Subhasis
Published: February 2018

This study deals with the application of kurtosis and skewness based approximate and detailed coefficients in walking speed measurement. Gait data (force information of foot and positional information of ankle) are gathered through sensors during level walking on motorised treadmill of normal individuals at various speeds and features are extracted from the data using discrete wavelet tools, namely kurtosis of approximate coefficients, kurtosis of detailed coefficients, skewness of approximate coefficients, and skewness of detailed coefficients. The features corresponding to the different discrete wavelet transformation levels are analysed and results are demonstrated. Specific relations have been found between walking speeds and those parameters, where from optimisation has been done with respect to a parameter, type of sensors, and number of sensors. Finally, an algorithm is proposed accordingly for walking speed measurement using the gait data and subsequently validated through experiments.
Generation of Quantum Correlations in Bipartite Gaussian Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Isar Aurelian
Published: February 2018

We describe the generation of quantum correlations (entanglement, discord and steering) in a system composed of two coupled non-resonant bosonic modes immersed in a common thermal reservoir, in the framework of the theory of open systems. We show that for separable initial squeezed thermal states entanglement generation may take place, for definite values of squeezing parameter, average photon numbers, temperature of the thermal bath, dissipation constant and strength of interaction between the two bosonic modes. We also show that for initial uni-modal squeezed states Gaussian discord can be generated for all non-zero values of the strength of interaction between the modes. Likewise, for an initial separable state, a generation of Gaussian steering may take place temporarily, for definite values of the parameters characterizing the initial state and the thermal environment, and the strength of coupling between the two modes.
Generalized System of Riccati-Type Equations
Authors: Yamaleev Robert M.
Published: February 2018

A new system of generalized Riccati-type equations is derived. An interconnection between the solutions of n-th order differential equations and the solutions of a generalized system of Riccati-type equations is established. Inverse mapping from the solutions of generalized Riccati-type equations onto the linearly independent solutions of the n-th order differential equation is constructed.
Model of the Phase Transition Mimicking the Pasta Phase in Cold and Dense Quark-Hadron Matter
Authors: Ayriyan Alexander , Grigorian Hovik
Published: February 2018

A simple mixed phase model mimicking so-called “pasta” phases in the quarkhadron phase transition is developed and applied to static neutron stars for the case of DD2 type hadronic and NJL type quark matter models. The influence of the mixed phase on the mass-radius relation of the compact stars is investigated. Model parameters are chosen such that the results are in agreement with the mass-radius constraints.
General Solution of the Rayleigh Equation for the Description of Bubble Oscillations Near a Wall
Authors: Garashchuk Ivan , Sinelshchikov Dmitry , Kudryashov Nikolay
Published: February 2018

We consider a generalization of the Rayleigh equation for the description of the dynamics of a spherical gas bubble oscillating near an elastic or rigid wall. We show that in the non–dissipative case, i.e. neglecting the liquid viscosity and compressibility, it is possible to construct the general analytical solution of this equation. The corresponding general solution is expressed via the Weierstrass elliptic function. We analyze the dependence of this solution properties on the physical parameters.
Interpolation Hermite Polynomials For Finite Element Method
Authors: Gusev Alexander , Vinitsky Sergue , Chuluunbaatar Ochbadrakh , Chuluunbaatar Galmandakh , Gerdt Vladimir , Derbov Vladimir , Góźdź Andrzej , Krassovitskiy Pavel
Published: February 2018

We describe a new algorithm for analytic calculation of high-order Hermite interpolation polynomials of the simplex and give their classification. A typical example of triangle element, to be built in high accuracy finite element schemes, is given.
Modified Method of Adaptive Artificial Viscosity for Solution of Gas Dynamics Problems on Parallel Computer Systems
Authors: Popov Igor , Sukov Sergey
Published: February 2018

A modification of the adaptive artificial viscosity (AAV) method is considered. This modification is based on one stage time approximation and is adopted to calculation of gasdynamics problems on unstructured grids with an arbitrary type of grid elements. The proposed numerical method has simplified logic, better performance and parallel efficiency compared to the implementation of the original AAV method. Computer experiments evidence the robustness and convergence of the method to difference solution.
Computational Algorithm for Covariant Series Expansions in General Relativity
Authors: Potashov Ivan , Tsirulev Alexander
Published: February 2018

We present a new algorithm for computing covariant power expansions of tensor fields in generalized Riemannian normal coordinates, introduced in some neighborhood of a parallelized k-dimensional submanifold (k = 0, 1, . . .< n; the case k = 0 corresponds to a point), by transforming the expansions to the corresponding Taylor series. For an arbitrary real analytic tensor field, the coefficients of such series are expressed in terms of its covariant derivatives and covariant derivatives of the curvature and the torsion. The algorithm computes the corresponding Taylor polynomials of arbitrary orders for the field components and is applicable to connections that are, in general, nonmetric and not torsion-free. We show that this computational problem belongs to the complexity class LEXP.
On a Class of Hermite Interpolation Polynomials for Nonlinear Second Order Partial Differential Operators
Authors: Yanovich Leonid A. , Ignatenko Marina V.
Published: February 2018

This article is devoted to the problem of construction of Hermite interpolation formulas with knots of the second multiplicity for second order partial differential operators given in the space of continuously differentiable functions of two variables. The obtained formulas contain the Gateaux differentials of a given operator. The construction of operator interpolation formulas is based on interpolation polynomials for scalar functions with respect to an arbitrary Chebyshev system of functions. An explicit representation of the interpolation error has been obtained.
Stability Analysis of the IBR-2M Pulsed Reactor in Automatic Regulated Regime at Various Levels of Average Power
Authors: Pepelyshev Yuriy N. , Popov Alexander K. , Davaasuren Sumkhuu
Published: February 2018

The IBR-2M pulse reactor is characterized by a high level of reactivity fluctuations and consequently by a high level of fluctuations in the regulated parameter as well as in the amplitude of the power pulses. Fluctuations of the regulated parameter relative to the average level in the standard stabilization regime usually fall within the range of 20% with certain peaks up to 40%, which is close to the limits of the emergency protection operation (50%). Under these conditions the automatic regulator may receive contradictory requirements. In this paper, the results of stability analysis of the IBR-2M reactor in the automatic regulating regime at various levels of average power are presented. It is shown that stability margins of the amplitude and the phase are enough, especially for the IBR-2M reactor operation with automatic regulator.
The Automation of Stochastization Algorithm with Use of SymPy Computer Algebra Library
Authors: Demidova Anastasya , Gevorkyan Migran , Kulyabov Dmitry , Korolkova Anna , Sevastianov Leonid
Published: February 2018

SymPy computer algebra library is used for automatic generation of ordinary and stochastic systems of differential equations from the schemes of kinetic interaction. Schemes of this type are used not only in chemical kinetics but also in biological, ecological and technical models. This paper describes the automatic generation algorithm with an emphasis on application details.
Roadmap for Computer-Aided Modeling of Theranostics and Related Nanosystems
Authors: Ulicny Jozef , Kozar Tibor
Published: February 2018

Detailed understanding of the interactions of novel metal-containing nanoparticles with biological membranes, macromolecules and other molecular targets of the living cell is crucial for the elucidation of the biological actions of such functionalized nanosystems. We present here the construction and modeling of thiolate-protected gold clusters and the prediction of their static and dynamic properties.
An Explicit Algorithm for the Simulation of Fluid Flow through Porous Media
Authors: Trapeznikova Marina , Churbanova Natalia , Lyupa Anastasiya
Published: February 2018

The work deals with the development of an original mathematical model of porous medium flow constructed by analogy with the quasigasdynamic system of equations and allowing implementation via explicit numerical methods. The model is generalized to the case of multiphase multicomponent fluid and takes into account possible heat sources. The proposed approach is verified by a number of test predictions.
Numerical Simulation of the Formation of Hydrated Electron States
Authors: Volokhova Alina , Zemlyanaya Elena , Lakhno Viktor , Amirkhanov Ilkizar , Bashashin Maxim , Puzynin Igor , Puzynina Taisiya
Published: February 2018

Numerical simulation of the photoexcited electron states formation in water under the action of the ultraviolet range laser irradiation is carried out on the basis of the polaron model with a time-dependent calculation of the hydrated electron absorption band width. This framework is shown to reproduce well the experimental data on the light absorption by the hydrated electron in polarized water. Effectiveness of parallel implementation is tested on the HybriLIT cluster.
Lateral Supraorbital Craniotomy for Tuberculum Sella Meningioma Resection
Authors: Klironomos Georgios , Mehan Neal , Dehdashti Amir
Published: February 2018

Tuberculum sella meningioma can be approached by either open or endoscopic approaches. The aim of this video case presentation is to highlight the nuances of the lateral supraorbital craniotomy for tuberculum sella meningioma resection. The authors present a 34-year-old female patient who presented with decreased right eye visual acuity (20/60), afferent pupillary defect, and nasal field cut due to a tuberculum sella meningioma. The tumor was partially encasing the left A1 artery, severely displacing the optic apparatus, and minimally invading the right optic canal. The lateral supraorbital craniotomy was considered the most suitable approach to this tumor. The operative nuances and pitfalls of this approach are detailed in the video. Gross total resection of the tumor was achieved and confirmed with postoperative MRI. The patient's vision gradually improved and she was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. The minimally invasive lateral supraorbital craniotomy for tuberculum sella meningioma is a suitable approach in selected cases.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/yG8q6YH2D9k.
Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Characteristics of People with Hemophilia in Portugal: Findings from the First National Survey
Authors: Pinto Patrícia , Paredes Ana , Pedras Susana , Costa Patrício , Crato Miguel , Fernandes Susana , Lopes Manuela , Carvalho Manuela , Almeida Armando
Published: February 2018

Hemophilia is a rare genetic bleeding disorder associated with pain, impaired functionality, and decreased quality of life (QoL). Several studies have focused on patient-reported outcomes of people with hemophilia (PWH) worldwide, but no such data are available for Portugal. This survey aimed to describe sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics of PWH of all ages in Portugal. Questionnaires were answered by self-report or by parents of children with hemophilia (proxy version). Variables assessed were sociodemographic and clinical, physical activity patterns, pain, functionality (HAL/PedHAL), QoL (A36 Hemofilia-QoL/CHO-KLAT), anxiety and depression (PROMIS), and illness perceptions (IPQ-R). One-hundred and forty-six PWH answered the survey: 106 adults, 21 children/teenagers between 10 and 17 years, 11 children between 6 and 9 years, and 8 children between 1 and 5 years. Most participants had severe hemophilia (60.3%) and type A was most commonly reported (86.3%). Bleeding episodes, joint deterioration, and pain were very prevalent, with the ankles and knees being the most affected joints, as illustrated by HAL/PedHAL scores. The A36 Hemofilia-QoL assessment showed moderate QoL (96.45; 0–144 scale) and significant anxiety and depression symptoms were found in 36.7 and 27.2% of adults, respectively. CHO-KLAT global score (0–100 scale) was 75.63/76.32 (self-report/proxy). Concerning hemophilia-related illness beliefs, a perception of chronicity and symptoms unpredictability was particularly prominent among adults and children/teenagers. This survey provided a comprehensive characterization of Portuguese PWH, including the first report of psychosocial characteristics. The findings allow for a deeper understanding of life with hemophilia in Portugal and the identification of relevant health care and research needs.
A Novel Patient Recruitment Strategy: Patient Selection Directly from the Community through Linkage to Clinical Data
Authors: Zimmerman Lindsay , Goel Satyender , Sathar Shazia , Gladfelter Charon , Onate Alejandra , Kane Lindsey , Sital Shelly , Phua Jasmin , Davis Paris , Margellos-Anast Helen , Meltzer David , Polonsky Tamar , Shah Raj , Trick William , Ahmad Faraz , Kho Abel
Published: February 2018

Objective This article presents and describes our methods in developing a novel strategy for recruitment of underrepresented, community-based participants, for pragmatic research studies leveraging routinely collected electronic health record (EHR) data.

Methods We designed a new approach for recruiting eligible patients from the community, while also leveraging affiliated health systems to extract clinical data for community participants. The strategy involves methods for data collection, linkage, and tracking. In this workflow, potential participants are identified in the community and surveyed regarding eligibility. These data are then encrypted and deidentified via a hashing algorithm for linkage of the community participant back to a record at a clinical site. The linkage allows for eligibility verification and automated follow-up. Longitudinal data are collected by querying the EHR data and surveying the community participant directly. We discuss this strategy within the context of two national research projects, a clinical trial and an observational cohort study.

Conclusion The community-based recruitment strategy is a novel, low-touch, clinical trial enrollment method to engage a diverse set of participants. Direct outreach to community participants, while utilizing EHR data for clinical information and follow-up, allows for efficient recruitment and follow-up strategies. This new strategy for recruitment links data reported from community participants to clinical data in the EHR and allows for eligibility verification and automated follow-up. The workflow has the potential to improve recruitment efficiency and engage traditionally underrepresented individuals in research.
Fluoroscopy-Assisted Transnasal Onyx Occlusion of the Eustachian Tube for Lateral Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair
Authors: Patel Neil , Carlson Matthew
Published: February 2018

Objectives To describe transnasal Eustachian tube (ET) occlusion with a liquid embolic solution for lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.

Design A lateral skull base CSF fistula model was developed by the authors using fresh cadaveric heads. Using a transtympanic needle, regulated pressurized pigmented saline was continuously instilled into the middle ear space and visualized endoscopically in the nasopharynx. An angioembolization catheter was then placed through the cartilaginous ET orifice just medial to the bony ET. Under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance, a column of liquid embolic agent was deployed into the bony ET segment up to the middle ear space.

Setting Tertiary care academic center.

Participants Cadaveric specimens.

Main Outcome Measures Cessation of CSF flow after occlusion at supraphysiologic pressures.

Results In two cadavers, a CSF fistula model was developed and endoscopic visualization of irrigant flow into the nasopharynx was confirmed. Fluoroscopy provided adequate anatomic views of the ET and middle ear, in addition to dynamic views of embolization. Cessation of flow after occlusion was successfully achieved with pressures up to 25 mm Hg, which exceeds normal physiological intracranial pressure.

Conclusion Eustachian tube occlusion with a liquid embolic solution is feasible in a novel cadaveric CSF leak model. In the future, this relatively short, straightforward procedure may become an outpatient alternative to manage intermittent or low-flow CSF fistulae following lateral skull base surgery.
Etablierung eines präoperativen Anämiemanagements
Authors: Wolf Katrin
Published: February 2018

Rund 30 % aller Patienten leiden an einer präoperativen Anämie, die einen relevanten Risikofaktor für
erforderliche Transfusionen, verlängerte Hospitalisierung, gesteigerte Morbidität und Sterblichkeit darstellt.
Die Mortalität während des Krankenhausaufenthalts kann bei Patienten mit mittlerer präoperativer Anämie um das
Doppelte erhöht sein. Zudem sind intensivpflichtige Zeit und Krankenhausverweildauer deutlich länger. Die
Etablierung eines präoperativen Anämiemanagements im Rahmen des Patient Blood Management ist daher eine
entscheidende Säule zur Verbesserung des Behandlungsergebnisses und der Patientensicherheit und kann
gleichzeitig die Kosten für das Gesundheitswesen signifikant reduzieren.
Skalenübergreifende Auswertung des Fragebogens zur Erfassung des stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts (FESS)
Authors: Nusseck Manfred , Richter Bernhard , Echternach Matthias , Spahn Claudia
Published: February 2018

Hintergrund Der Fragebogen zur Erfassung des stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts (FESS) bildet in drei Skalen das persönliche Erleben der eigenen Stimme ab. Dabei
werden die Beziehung zur eigenen Stimme, die Bewusstheit im Umgang mit der Stimme und der Zusammenhang zwischen Stimme und Emotion bestimmt. Für die Auswertung
des Fragebogens fehlte bisher eine skalenübergreifende Betrachtungsweise, um eine vereinfachte Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen.

Material und Methoden Der FESS Fragebogen wurde bei 536 Lehrkräften eingesetzt und mittels einer Diskriminanz analyse auf gemeinsame Ausprägungsmerkmale
in den Skalen untersucht. Für eine differenzierte Betrachtung von Zusammenhängen mit Stimmgesundheit, psychischer und körperlicher Gesundheit wurden ebenfalls
der Voice Handicap Index (VHI), der Fragebogen zum arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster (AVEM) und der Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen
Lebensqualität (SF-12) herangezogen.

Ergebnisse Die Analyse ergab vier verschiedene Gruppen des stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts: die Gruppe 1) mit stimmlich und psychisch gesunden Werten, die
Gruppe 2) mit einem eher wenig ausgeprägtem stimmlichen Selbstkonzept und durchschnittlicher psychischer Gesundheit, die Gruppe 3) mit einer hohen Bewusstheit
im Umgang mit der Stimme und durchschnittlicher psychischer Gesundheit und die Gruppe 4) mit hohen stimmlichen und psychischen Belastungen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für eine Gesamtauswertung des Fragebogens zur Erfassung des stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts eine gemeinsame
Betrachtung aller drei Skalen in Betracht gezogen werden kann. Die dargestellten Gruppen stellen dafür eine geeignete Herangehensweise zur Unterstützung in der
Diagnostik zur Verfügung.
Characterization of interfacial waves and pressure drop in horizontal oil-water core-annular flows
Authors: Tripathi Sumit , Tabor Rico F. , Singh Ramesh , Bhattacharya Amitabh
Published: February 2018

We study the transportation of highly viscous furnace-oil in a horizontal pipe as core-annular flow (CAF) using experiments. Pressure drop and high-speed images of the fully developed CAF are recorded for a wide range of flow rate combinations. The height profiles (with respect to the centerline of the pipe) of the upper and lower interfaces of the core are obtained using a high-speed camera and image analysis. Time series of the interface height are used to calculate the average holdup of the oil phase, speed of the interface, and the power spectra of the interface profile. We find that the ratio of the effective velocity of the annular fluid to the core velocity, α, shows a large scatter. Using the average value of this ratio (α=0.74) yields a good estimate of the measured holdup for the whole range of flow rate ratios, mainly due to the low sensitivity of the holdup ratio to the velocity ratio. Dimensional analysis implies that, if the thickness of the annular fluid is much smaller than the pipe radius, then, for the given range of parameters in our experiments, the non-dimensional interface shape, as well as the non-dimensional wall shear stress, can depend only on the shear Reynolds number and the velocity ratio. Our experimental data show that, for both lower and upper interfaces, the normalized power spectrum of the interface height has a strong dependence on the shear Reynolds number. Specifically, for low shear Reynolds numbers, interfacial modes with large wavelengths dominate, while, for large shear Reynolds numbers, interfacial modes with small wavelengths dominate. Normalized variance of the interface height is higher at lower shear Reynolds numbers and tends to a constant with increasing shear Reynolds number. Surprisingly, our experimental data also show that the effective wall shear stress is, to a large extent, proportional to the square of the core velocity. Using the implied scalings for the holdup ratio and wall shear stress, we can derive an expression for the pressure drop across the pipe in terms of the flow rates, which agrees well with our experimental measurements.
Bromination of Acridine
Authors: Chandler Graham S. , Sasse Wolfgang H. F.
Published: February 2018

The quantitative determination of the products of bromination of acridine in concentrated sulfuric acid and glacial acetic acid is described. In both cases, the only monobromo products were the 2- and 4-substituted compounds. With sulfuric acid, the 4-isomer predominates whereas in acetic acid, the 2-isomer is predominant. This work expands substantially on the tiny amount of previous work on halogenation of dibenzo-annelated pyridines.
Interacting-heads motif has been conserved as a mechanism of myosin II inhibition since before the origin of animals
Authors: Lee Kyoung Hwan , Sulbarán Guidenn , Yang Shixin , Mun Ji Young , Alamo Lorenzo , Pinto Antonio , Sato Osamu , Ikebe Mitsuo , Liu Xiong , Korn Edward D. , Sarsoza Floyd , Bernstein Sanford I. , Padrón Raúl , Craig Roger
Published: February 2018

Significance

All animals have the ability to move. Myosin II is the motor protein that generates this movement by powering muscular contraction; it also drives motility in nonmuscle cells. In relaxed muscle and in quiescent nonmuscle cells, myosin II is switched off by intramolecular interactions between its heads that inhibit its activity. This interacting-heads motif (IHM) is a fundamental contributor to contractile regulation. Given its importance in cell contractility, we wanted to determine when the IHM first evolved. Using electron microscopy, image averaging, and sequence analysis of myosin II from primitive organisms, we show that the IHM has existed since the earliest animals and before. This ancient origin highlights the central role of the IHM in regulating myosin II function.
Répondre présent/absent
Authors: Lauwers Peter
Published: February 2018

This paper offers a diachronic analysis of a pair of subject complement constructions (répondre présent/absent:
litt. ‘to answer “present”/“absent”) originating from quotative expressions. It shows how they lexicalized into fixed expressions
denoting a routinized “delocutive” (Benveniste) procedure and how they finally got reanalyzed into a subject complement
construction with an internalized projective and proactive meaning (“to act as expected”). The latter appears to be the result of
the pragmatic strengthening of conversational implicatures related to the speech act. Further, it is argued that the remarkably
similar evolution of répondre absent is due to analogization. Finally, the discussion of potential further host
class expansion leads to a provisional answer to the question of whether or not these developments could be the symptoms of the
constructionalization of a new copular verb.
BACE1 deletion in the adult mouse reverses preformed amyloid deposition and improves cognitive functions
Authors: Hu Xiangyou , Das Brati , Hou Hailong , He Wanxia , Yan Riqiang
Published: February 2018

BACE1 initiates the generation of the β-amyloid peptide, which likely causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD) when accumulated abnormally. BACE1 inhibitory drugs are currently being developed to treat AD patients. To mimic BACE1 inhibition in adults, we generated BACE1 conditional knockout (BACE1fl/fl) mice and bred BACE1fl/fl mice with ubiquitin-CreER mice to induce deletion of BACE1 after passing early developmental stages. Strikingly, sequential and increased deletion of BACE1 in an adult AD mouse model (5xFAD) was capable of completely reversing amyloid deposition. This reversal in amyloid deposition also resulted in significant improvement in gliosis and neuritic dystrophy. Moreover, synaptic functions, as determined by long-term potentiation and contextual fear conditioning experiments, were significantly improved, correlating with the reversal of amyloid plaques. Our results demonstrate that sustained and increasing BACE1 inhibition in adults can reverse amyloid deposition in an AD mouse model, and this observation will help to provide guidance for the proper use of BACE1 inhibitors in human patients.
Solvable spectral problems from 2d CFT and

N

= 2 gauge theories
Authors: Piątek M R , Pietrykowski A R
Published: February 2018

The so-called 2d/4d correspondences connect two-dimensional conformal field theory (2d CFT),

N

= 2 supersymmetric gauge theories and quantum integrable systems. The latter in the simplest case of the SU(2) gauge group are nothing but the quantum-mechanical systems. In the present article we summarize our recent results and list open problems concerning an application of the aforementioned dualities in the studies of spectral problems for some Schrödinger operators with Mathieu–type periodic, periodic PT–symmetric and (Heun’s) elliptic potentials.
Langlands correspondence for isocrystals and the existence of crystalline companions for curves
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we show the Langlands correspondence for isocrystals on curves, which asserts the existence of crystalline companions in the case of curves. For the proof we generalize the theory of arithmetic

D

\mathscr {D}

-modules to algebraic stacks whose diagonal morphisms are finite. Finally, combining with methods of Deligne and Drinfeld, we show the existence of an “

ℓ
\ell

-adic companion” for any isocrystal on a smooth scheme of any dimension under the assumption of a Bertini-type conjecture.
A Moiré pattern on symmetric spaces of the noncompact type
Authors: Afgoustidis Alexandre
Published: February 2018

We prove that if

X
X

is a symmetric space of the noncompact type, just as adding Helgason waves which propagate in all directions will yield an elementary spherical function for

X
X

, a Helgason wave can be produced by adding elementary spherical functions whose centers describe a horocycle in

X
X

.
Dual-color metal-induced and Förster resonance energy transfer for cell nanoscopy
Authors: Chizhik Anna M. , Wollnik Carina , Ruhlandt Daja , Karedla Narain , Chizhik Alexey I. , Hauke Lara , Hähnel Dirk , Gregor Ingo , Enderlein Jörg , Rehfeldt Florian
Published: February 2018

We report a novel method, dual-color axial nanometric localization by metal-­induced energy transfer, and combine it with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for resolving structural details in cells on the molecular level. We demonstrate the capability of this method on cytoskeletal elements and adhesions in human mesenchymal stem cells. Our approach is based on fluorescence-lifetime-imaging microscopy and allows for precise determination of the three-dimensional architecture of stress fibers anchoring at focal adhesions, thus yielding crucial information to understand cell–matrix mechanics. In addition to resolving nanometric structural details along the z-axis, we use FRET to gain precise information on the distance between actin and vinculin at focal adhesions.
Where to search top-K biomedical ontologies?
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Butt Anila Sahar , Haller Armin , Rebholz-Schuhmann Dietrich , Sahay Ratnesh
Published: February 2018

Motivation

Searching for precise terms and terminological definitions in the biomedical data space is problematic, as researchers find overlapping, closely related and even equivalent concepts in a single or multiple ontologies. Search engines that retrieve ontological resources often suggest an extensive list of search results for a given input term, which leads to the tedious task of selecting the best-fit ontological resource (class or property) for the input term and reduces user confidence in the retrieval engines. A systematic evaluation of these search engines is necessary to understand their strengths and weaknesses in different search requirements.

Result

We have implemented seven comparable Information Retrieval ranking algorithms to search through ontologies and compared them against four search engines for ontologies. Free-text queries have been performed, the outcomes have been judged by experts and the ranking algorithms and search engines have been evaluated against the expert-based ground truth (GT). In addition, we propose a probabilistic GT that is developed automatically to provide deeper insights and confidence to the expert-based GT as well as evaluating a broader range of search queries.

Conclusion

The main outcome of this work is the identification of key search factors for biomedical ontologies together with search requirements and a set of recommendations that will help biomedical experts and ontology engineers to select the best-suited retrieval mechanism in their search scenarios. We expect that this evaluation will allow researchers and practitioners to apply the current search techniques more reliably and that it will help them to select the right solution for their daily work.

Availability

The source code (of seven ranking algorithms), ground truths and experimental results are available at https://github.com/danielapoliveira/bioont-search-benchmark
LS-align: an atom-level, flexible ligand structural alignment algorithm for high-throughput virtual screening
Authors: Hu Jun , Liu Zi , Yu Dong-Jun , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2018

Motivation

Sequence-order independent structural comparison, also called structural alignment, of small ligand molecules is often needed for computer-aided virtual drug screening. Although many ligand structure alignment programs are proposed, most of them build the alignments based on rigid-body shape comparison which cannot provide atom-specific alignment information nor allow structural variation; both abilities are critical to efficient high-throughput virtual screening.

Results

We propose a novel ligand comparison algorithm, LS-align, to generate fast and accurate atom-level structural alignments of ligand molecules, through an iterative heuristic search of the target function that combines inter-atom distance with mass and chemical bond comparisons. LS-align contains two modules of Rigid-LS-align and Flexi-LS-align, designed for rigid-body and flexible alignments, respectively, where a ligand-size independent, statistics-based scoring function is developed to evaluate the similarity of ligand molecules relative to random ligand pairs. Large-scale benchmark tests are performed on prioritizing chemical ligands of 102 protein targets involving 1 415 871 candidate compounds from the DUD-E (Database of Useful Decoys: Enhanced) database, where LS-align achieves an average enrichment factor (EF) of 22.0 at the 1% cutoff and the AUC score of 0.75, which are significantly higher than other state-of-the-art methods. Detailed data analyses show that the advanced performance is mainly attributed to the design of the target function that combines structural and chemical information to enhance the sensitivity of recognizing subtle difference of ligand molecules and the introduces of structural flexibility that help capture the conformational changes induced by the ligand–receptor binding interactions. These data demonstrate a new avenue to improve the virtual screening efficiency through the development of sensitive ligand structural alignments.

Availability and implementation

http://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/LS-align/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Unpalatable Truths: Food and Drink as Medicine in Colonial British India
Authors: Goodman Sam
Published: February 2018

This article considers the significance of eating and drinking within a series of diaries and journals produced in British colonial India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The discussion of food and drink in this context was not simply a means to add color or compelling detail to these accounts, but was instead a vital ingredient of the authors’ understanding of health and medical treatment. These texts suggest a broader colonial medical understanding of the importance of regulating diet to maintain physical health. Concern with food, and the lack thereof, was understandably a key element in diaries, and in the eyewitness accounts kept by British soldiers, doctors, and civilians during the rebellion. At a narrative level, mention of food also functioned as a trope serving to increase dramatic tension and to capture an imagery of fortitude. In references to drink, by contrast, these sources reveal a conflict between professional and lay opinions regarding the use of alcohol as part of medical treatment. The accounts show the persistent use of alcohol both for medicinal and restorative purposes, despite growing social and medical anxieties over its ill-effects on the body. Close examination of these references to food and drink reflect the quotidian habits, social composition, and the extent of professional and lay knowledge of health and medicine in colonial British India.
Incidence and Time of Onset of Osseous Pseudoprogression in Patients With Metastatic Spine Disease From Renal Cell or Prostate Carcinoma After Treatment With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Jabehdar Maralani Pejman , Winger Kathleen , Symons Sean , Machnowska Matylda , Heyn Chinthaka , Helmi Ali , Chan Aimee , Tseng Chia-Lin , Sahgal Arjun
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Tumor osseous pseudoprogression (PP), defined as an imaging-based transient increase in tumor size following treatment, was recently described in patients with spinal metastases following stereotactic body radiation therapy. Distinguishing PP from true tumor progression is critical.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the incidence, time of onset, and time range of PP following stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients treated for spinal metastases from either prostate cancer (PC) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and associated predictive factors.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on our institution's cancer database from 2009 to 2015. Selection was based on single level, no prior radiation or surgery, ≥2 follow-up spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and metastases arising from either PC or RCC. Gross tumor volume was contoured on pre- and up to 5 posttreatment MRIs. Patients were sorted into groups depending on gross tumor volume response: PP, non-PP, or progressive disease. Clinical and dosimetric variables were compared using either Fisher's exact test or Kruskal–Wallis analyses.

RESULTS

Forty-three spinal segments from 31 patients were analyzed. RCC and PC patients showed similar incidence of PP (∼37%). Whether the primary was lytic or sclerotic was a significant predictive factor with more PP in the lytic group (P = .0208). There was a trend of earlier PP onset in RCC (within 6-18 mo) as compared to PC; however, PC segments showed more time-confined presentation of PP (9-12 mo).

CONCLUSION

There was a higher incidence of PP in lytic compared to sclerotic primary tumor type. PP in spinal metastatic sites may have variable presentations depending on the primary cancer.
Improving Physical Therapy Pain Care, Quality, and Cost Through Effectiveness-Implementation Research
Authors: Joyce Chris , Schneider Michael , Stevans Joel M , Beneciuk Jason M
Published: February 2018

The variability and delay in utilizing evidence in clinical practice are barriers to improving care, quality, and cost in health care, as charged by the “triple aim” framework. Scientific research provides an avenue not only to further the field of pain research, but also to study and change the patterns and processes that drive systemic and individual clinical practices. Implementation science is an emerging field that can be integrated with more traditional effectiveness research to accomplish a combination of aims within the same study. This type of concurrent study of effectiveness and implementation is known as a hybrid design and can be used to improve behavioral or operational practice patterns as well as to collect evidence of clinical effectiveness. Recently, the National Pain Strategy put forth recommendations to improve the care of patients with pain through research and practice. Hybrid designs align well with recent efforts that emphasize value-based, patient-centered health care evolving and described in the National Pain Strategy. The purposes of this perspective are to describe implementation science and hybrid studies and to put forth opportunities to utilize this research to advance the care of patients with pain in the United States.
Zonal Soil Amendment with Simple Sugars to Elevate Soil C/N Ratios as an Alternative Disease Management Strategy for Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Sugar Beet
Authors: Shimizu Yukari , Sagiya Daiki , Matsui Mariko , Fukui Ryo
Published: February 2018

Effects of monosaccharide-amended soils on suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off of sugar beet were compared under controlled experiments. Suppressive effects of glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than that of galactose or mannose but the effect of sorbose was reduced by soil treatments with antibiotics. Saprotrophic growth of Rhizoctonia solani in the laimosphere also was suppressed by glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose, whereas only sorbose repressed pericarp colonization. Sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol) neither suppressed Rhizoctonia damping-off nor halted the saprotrophic growth of the pathogen. Seed germination was not affected by any of these six monosaccharides, whereas galactose and mannose inhibited seedling emergence significantly (P < 0.001) compared with the nontreated control or other monosaccharides. Soil fertilization with inorganic nitrogen at a C/N ratio of 20:1 negated the suppressive effects of glucose and fructose on both damping-off and saprotrophic colonization but improved seedling growth in carbonized soils. Obviously, microbial competition for mineral nitrogen was responsible for disease suppression; however, it delayed seedling growth after emergence. This paradox was resolved by adding glucose to the top 1-cm surface-soil zone at a C/N ratio of 50:1 or 125:1. This protected the laimosphere, resulting in effective disease suppression while complementarily enhancing seedling growth.