bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Dynamics Equations based on Constitutive Relation of Symmetric Shearing Deformation
Authors: Zhu Shuaichen , Wang Duo , Liu Yang , Xu Hongyi
Published: June 2023

The fluid kinematics of Liutex decomposes a velocity gradient tensor (VGT) of \(\nabla \vec {v}\) into four components, including rotation (\(\varvec{R}\)), stretching/compressing (\(\varvec{SC}\)), anti-symmetric shear (\({\varvec{S}_{anti - sym}}\)) and symmetric shear (\({\varvec{S}_{sym}}\)), as oppose to the traditional Cauchy-Stokes decomposition where a VGT was decomposed into the strain rate and vorticity tensors. The current study limpidly clarified the physical meanings of these deformations in the newly-proposed decomposition from the perspectives of both fluid kinematics and dynamics. With an in-depth understanding the physical connotations of these deformations, the present study further suggests that the \({\varvec{S}_{sym}}\) be the only deformation appropriately correlated to the stress tensor, leading to the establishment of a new constitutive relation for Newtonian fluids with the modified model assumptions originated from Stokes in 1845. Moreover, the present research finds that the “principal decomposition” proposed by Liu is not mathematically unique when a VGT possesses three real eigenvalues (TR). Within the context, a new decomposition method is introduced to resolve the non-uniqueness issue. Based on the modified Stokes assumptions and the associated VGT decomposition method, a set of new fluid dynamics momentum equations are obtained for Newtonian fluid. The added stress tensor of \({\varvec{F}^{add}}\) is identified as the key difference between the newly-derived governing equations and the conventional N-S equations, which is caused by excluding the \(\varvec{SC}\) correlation to the stress tensor in the new constitutive equation. Finally, a preliminary analysis of \({\varvec{F}^{add}}\) is conducted using the existing channel turbulence DNS data based on the traditional N-S equations. The \({\varvec{F}^{add}}\) is found widely existing in the flow field and is at the same order of magnitude with the other force terms in these equations. Therefore, the \({\varvec{F}^{add}}\) is expected to have some tangible effects on altering the current DNS data based on the traditional N-S equations, which will be further verified by performing the ‘DNS’ simulation using the newly-derived fluid dynamic equations in near future.
Nomogram with insufficient examined lymph node count to help T3N0M0 gastric cancer patients with adjuvant chemotherapy selection–a population-based study combined with external validation
Authors: Zhao Shutao , Zhang Chao , Wen Dacheng
Published: June 2023

Objective
Whether chemotherapy is required for T3N0M0 gastric cancer patients after surgery is controversial.
Methods
Using the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 420 patients with pT3N0M0 gastric cancer diagnosed after radical resection between 2004 and 2016 were screened for analysis. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to screen independent prognostic factors and build a nomogram survival prediction model. The patients were divided into three groups of low, moderate, and high risk using X-tile software according to the risk score. A total of 335 patients with pT3N0M0 gastric cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 at our hospital were used for external validation.
Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that age, histology, and examined lymph node count were independent prognostic factors for pT3N0M0 gastric cancer in the group without adjuvant therapy and were therefore included in the nomogram prediction model. The concordance index for the nomogram model was 0.628 (95% confidence interval, 0.542–0.714). All patients were divided into three risk subgroups according to the nomogram prediction score. The analysis results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis of low risk patients, while moderate and high risk patients benefited from it. External validation was consistent with the SEER database results.
Conclusion
The model demonstrated that only moderate and high risk patients were recommended to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, while low risk patients were not.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of Silicon and Certain Bio-Fertilizers in Inducing Defense in Rice Against Rice Leaf Folder
Authors: Dash S. , Rath L. K
Published: June 2023

Field experiments conducted during kharif, 2016 through 2017 to evaluate the induced defense effect of silicon applied through inorganic and organic sources on rice against leaf folder revealed that silicon taken by rice plants in various treatments reduced the leaf folder infestation as compared to control treatment. The treatment RHA + PF + KSB(T8) was the most effective treatment in reducing infestation followed by CaSiO3 + PF + KSB(T5) and CaSiO3 + KSB(T4), respectively. Silicon content was observed to be more in T5 followed by T4 and T8 treatments. Proline accumulation was lowest in T5 followed by T8 and T3 (CaSiO3 + PF) treatments. The phenol content was highest in T5 followed by T8 and T4 treatments, respectively. The total protein content was lowest in T5 followed by T4 and T8 treatments. The grain yield was highest in T5 (4473.83 kg/ha) followed by T8(4173.33 kg/ha) and T4 (4103.17 kg/ha). Application of both inorganic and organic source of silicon in various combinations exercised induced defense mechanism in rice against leaf folder infesting rice.
Effects of temperature and humidity on cerebrovascular disease hospitalization in a super- aging society
Authors: Doi Shunichi , Yoneyama Kihei , Yoshida Toshiya , Kawagoe Yasuhito , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Ishibashi Yuki , Izumo Masaki , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Harada Tomoo , Akashi Yoshihiro J.
Published: June 2023

Weather conditions influence the incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies shown the association of weather temperature and humidity with cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations in a super-aging society. We included 606,807 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease admitted to Japanese acute-care hospitals between 2015 and 2019. The primary outcome was the number of cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations per day. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate the association of mean temperature and humidity, 1 day before hospital admission, with cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations, after adjusting for air pollution, hospital, and patient demographics. Lower mean temperatures and humidity < 70% or humidity ≧ 70% are associated with an increased incidence of cerebrovascular disease hospitalization (coefficient, -1.442 [-1.473 to -1.411] per ℃, p < 0.001, coefficient, -0.084 [-0.112 to -0.056] per%, p < 0.001, and coefficient, 0.136 [0.103 to 0.168] per %, p < 0.001, respectively). Lower mean temperatures and extremely low or high humidity are associated with an increased incidence of cerebrovascular disease hospitalization in the super-aging society.
Scale-free network reveals relations between quantum computing and Barrow entropy
Authors: Bousder M. , Sakhi Z.
Published: June 2023

The scale-free network in the black hole horizon gives rise to Barrow entropy behavior, which can be visualized geometrically through the Farey diagram. We perform a detailed analysis to demonstrate the quantified values of Barrow entropy. We calculate the black hole entropy by using the Mertens function with the Farey sequence. We use the black hole network to create a register of quantum computers by applying controlled-NOT gates and use quantum entanglement for data transmission and retrieval. We propose a scenario of Hawking radiation according to the Farey background.
Magnetically controlled graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Cheng Kangning , Ding Yue , Liu Huanqing , Xie Shuqi , Cao Yuwei , Yue Weiwei
Published: June 2023

Herein, we have constructed a magnetic graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I (CTNI). Graphene film was used as a conductive channel and transferred onto a glass substrate with two indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. CTNI aptamer was immobilized onto the graphene film via 1-pyrene-butanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) to capture CTNI. Magnetic nanobeads modified with CTNI antibody were added to the reaction chamber to form an aptamer/CTNI/antibody/magnetic nanobeads sandwich-type complex. By applying a periodic magnetic field, we found that the magnetic force exerted on the complex leads to an impedance change of the graphene film. The results were rationalized using a model wherein the magnetic force causes the CTNI aptamer strand to bend, thereby resulting in magnetic nanobeads/CTNI aptamer modulation of the double conductive layer of graphene transistors. With periodic sampling integration, different concentrations of CTNI can be detected with high sensitivity. Due to the specific binding property of the aptamer to the antigen, the magnetic graphene field-effect transistor biosensor can be used for the specific detection of different kinds of proteins and can potentially be a detection tool for DNA, specific cells, etc.
Trainee Autonomy and Supervision in the Modern Clinical Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Study of Faculty and Trainee Perspectives
Authors: Conner Stephanie M. , Choi Nancy , Fuller Jessica , Daya Sneha , Barish Peter , Rennke Stephanie , Harrison James D. , Narayana Sirisha
Published: June 2023

Background: Balancing autonomy and supervision during medical residency is important for trainee development while ensuring patient safety. In the modern clinical learning environment, tension exists when this balance is skewed. This study aimed to understand the current and ideal states of autonomy and supervision, then describe the factors that contribute to imbalance from both trainee and attending perspectives.
Methods: A mixed-methods design included surveys and focus groups of trainees and attendings at three institutionally affiliated hospitals between May 2019-June 2020. Survey responses were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests. Open-ended survey and focus group questions were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Surveys were sent to 182 trainees and 208 attendings; 76 trainees (42%) and 101 attendings (49%) completed the survey. Fourteen trainees (8%) and 32 attendings (32%) participated in focus groups. Trainees perceived the current culture to be significantly more autonomous than attendings; both groups described an “ideal” culture as more autonomous than the current state. Focus group analysis revealed five core contributors to the balance of autonomy and supervision: attending-, trainee-, patient-, interpersonal-, and institutional-related factors. These factors were found to be dynamic and interactive with each other. Additionally, we identified a cultural shift in how the modern inpatient environment is impacted by increased hospitalist attending supervision and emphasis on patient safety and health system improvement initiatives.
Conclusions: Trainees and attendings agree that the clinical learning environment should favor resident autonomy and that the current environment does not achieve the ideal balance. There are several factors contributing to autonomy and supervision, including attending-, resident-, patient-, interpersonal-, and institutional-related. These factors are complex, multifaceted, and dynamic. Cultural shifts towards supervision by primarily hospitalist attendings and increased attending accountability for patient safety and systems improvement outcomes further impacts trainee autonomy.
MV140 mucosal bacterial vaccine improves uropathogenic E. coli clearance in an experimental model of urinary tract infection
Authors: Ligon Marianne , Diez-Rivero Carmen , García-Ayuso Diego , Mohanty Soumitra , Conejero Laura , Brauner Annelie , Subiza José , Mysorekar Indira , Saz-Leal Paula
Published: June 2023

MV140 is a mucosal vaccine of inactivated whole bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, P. vulgaris) with clinical efficacy against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, MV140 was evaluated in a murine model of acute uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)-induced UTI using the UTI89 strain. MV140 vaccination resulted in UPEC clearance, concomitant with increased influx of myeloid cells in urine, CD4+ T cells in the bladder, and a systemic adaptive immune response to both MV140-containing E. coli and UTI89.
Rotten to the core – a neurofunctional signature of subjective core disgust generalizes to socio-moral contexts
Authors: Gan Xianyang , Zhou Feng , Xu Ting , Liu Xiaobo , Zhang Ran , Zheng Zihao , Yang Xi , Zhou Xinqi , Yu Fangwen , Li Jialin , Cui Ruifang , Wang Lan , Yuan Jiajin , Yao Dezhong , Becker Benjamin
Published: June 2023

While disgust originates in the hard-wired mammalian distaste response, the conscious experience of disgust in humans strongly depends on subjective appraisal and may even extend to sociomoral contexts. In a series of studies, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with machine-learning based predictive modeling to establish a comprehensive neurobiological model of subjective disgust. The developed neurofunctional signature accurately predicted momentary self-reported subjective disgust across discovery (n=78) and pre-registered validation (n=30) cohorts and generalized across core disgust (n=26) and sociomoral (unfair offers; n=43) contexts. Disgust experience was encoded in distributed cortical and subcortical systems, and exhibited distinct and shared neural representations with subjective fear or negative affect in interoceptive-emotional awareness and conscious appraisal systems while the signatures most accurately predicted the respective target experience. We provide an accurate fMRI-signature for disgust with a high potential to resolve ongoing evolutionary and clinical debates.
Long-term cognitive outcomes in Susac syndrome
Authors: Piura Yoav , Bregman Noa , Kave' Gitit , Karni Arnon , Kolb Hadar , Vigiser Ifat , Shiner Tamara , Regev Keren
Published: June 2023

Background
Susac syndrome (SuS) is a rare autoimmune disorder mediated by the occlusion of micro-blood vessels in the brain, retina, and inner ear. Approximately 15% of cases present with the classic triad of CNS dysfunction, visual disturbances, and sensorineural hearing loss. While the literature is abundant about the severe, acute encephalopathy of SuS, not much is known about the extent of cognitive sequela in the post-era of efficient immunomodulatory treatment.
Methods
We report global cognitive function using a battery of cognitive tests in ten recovering SuS patients with an average of 2.9 (SD = 1.41) years post-disease onset.
Results
Patients showed intact delayed memory (both verbal and non-verbal) but below-average scores on tests of executive functions, and deficits in attention and copying. Results are discussed in light of the initial severity and extent of corpus callosum involvement on brain MRI.
Conclusions
study results suggest that the main cognitive sequela of SuS involves deficits in visual attention and executive functions possibly due to Corpus Callosum involvement. Additionally, this report supports a favorable prognosis for patients with SuS who receive a fast and efficacious immunomodulatory treatment protocol suggested in 2018.
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions for psychiatry in Switzerland and Russia: a comparative study
Authors: Chivilgina Olga , Elger Bernice S. , Fedotov Ilya , Jotterand Fabrice
Published: June 2023

During the past decade, the use of digital technology to promote mental health has increased dramatically. Additionally, the consequences of the COVID pandemic, such as travel restrictions and the disruption of face-to-face interactions, have led to an increase in the usage of digital technologies. A wide variety of technologies have been developed, ranging from messaging chat bots to virtual reality technologies and from direct-to-consumer apps to technologies that are fully integrated into clinical care tools. Russia and Switzerland have not been blind spots on the map of such technologies. However, the use of digital technology to promote mental health has taken different paths in these two healthcare settings. The following study is based on the opinions of mental health specialists in both countries in 2019–2020 regarding the use of digital health technologies in psychiatry. We investigate the state of adoption of digital technologies in the field of mental health, the meaning of such technology and the factors that are crucial to the use of such technology in psychiatry. Our study also explores the structural and legal barriers to technology adoption in Switzerland and Russia.
B7H3 Targeting Gold Nanocage pH-Sensitive Conjugates for Precise and Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy against NSCLC
Authors: Chen Bing , Zheng Kaifan , Fang Shubin , Huang Kangping , Chu Chengchao , Zhuang Junyang , Lin Jin , Li Shaoguang , Yao Hong , Liu Ailin , Liu Gang , Lin Jizhen , Lin Xinhua
Published: June 2023

Background: The strategy of combining a drug delivery with an immune checkpoint target has been widely investigated in cancer therapy, but the remarkable benefit to patients from this strategy is still limited. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), also known as CD276 (B7-H3/CD276), is a promising anti-cancer therapeutic target that is broadly overexpressed on the surface of malignant cells and tumor vasculature, that is, associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we report B7H3 targeting doxorubicin (Dox)-conjugated gold nanocages (B7H3/Dox@GNCs) with pH-responsive drug release as a selective, precise, and synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal therapy agent against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Results: In vitro, B7H3/Dox@GNCs showed tumor acidic microenvironment responsive Dox release, enhanced intracellular uptake, promoted cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis in B7H3 overexpressing NSCLC cells. B7H3/Dox@GNCs also exhibited tumor tissue targeting and acidic environment responsive sustained drug release in xenograft tumor models, wherein they synchronously destroyed B7H3 positive tumor cells, tumor-associated vasculature, and stroma fibroblasts.
Conclusion: This study presents a dual-compartment targeted B7H3 multifunctional gold conjugate system that can precisely control Dox exposure in a spatio-temporal manner without evident toxicity and suggests a general strategy for synergistic therapy against NSCLC.
Whether the wobbling W156 is a pre-requisite for efficient PET biodegradation by IsPETase
Authors: Yin Qingdian , Zhang Jiaxing , Ma Sen , Gu Tao , Wang Mengfan , You Shengping , Ye Sheng , Su Rongxin , Wang Yaxin , Qi Wei
Published: June 2023

IsPETase displayed great potential for mitigating PET contamination under moderate temperatures attributed to its specific high activity towards PET, while rapid activity loss limited its commercial viability. Herein, a thermostable S92P/D157A variant (Tm=70.8 °C) was constructed, enabling a 109.3-fold increase in products released from amorphous PET depolymerization at 40 °C. Further depolymerization of untreated post-consumer PET in a 360-times expanded reaction system obtained 20.09 mM products (95.0% TPA). Crystal structure characterized the “wobbling” W156 residue fixed at substrate-binding conformation in S92P/D157A variant, which stabilized the enzyme structure and could provide steady interaction with the substrate. Further MD simulations cement the importance of conformation selection and the contribution of W156. The different structure-function relationship observed raised the question of “whether the wobbling W156 is a pre-requisite for efficient PET biodegradation”. Especially, the S92P/D157A variant could serve as a starting point for further engineering and a potential candidate for industrial PET depolymerization processes.
Incidentally discovered parathyroid lipoadenoma in thyroid surgery: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Yihan , yuan meiyu , chen yan , Fu Yantao
Published: June 2023

Background: Parathyroid lipoadenoma is a rare type of parathyroid adenoma, described as a single parathyroid adenoma with more than 50% fat on histologic examination and an unknown etiology, which is one of the rare causes of primary hyperparathyroidism. The difficulty of parathyroid lipoma is mainly diagnosed by preoperative imaging localization. We hope to arouse attention to the parathyroid adenoma which is difficult to locate through our case report.
Case Description: The patient was a middle-aged male with a body mass index (BMI) of 38.4 who admitted to our hospital with a 40-day history of an untreated thyroid nodule. We incidentally discovered parathyroid lipoadenoma in his thyroid surgery. His prognosis was good, and there were no signs of recurrence at his 12-month follow-up appointment.
Conclusions: We believe that parathyroid lipoadenoma needs to rely on paraffin pathology to make a final diagnosis.This case report serves as a reminder that patients with preoperative unprovoked primary hyperparathyroidism and negative imaging findings may have a parathyroid lipoadenoma. During intraoperative thyroidectomy or lymph node dissection, it is important to carefully examine the adipose tissue for the possibility of parathyroid lipoadenoma, as this can lead to postoperative hypoparathyroidism or even intractable hypocalcemia.
Serum electrolyte imbalance in severely malnourished children at hospitals in North-central Ethiopia
Authors: Seid Mohammed Abdu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizchew Ambaw , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Kebede Yenealem Solomon , Bantie Berihun , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Anley Denekew Tenaw
Published: June 2023

Background – Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) raises the risk of death and disability associated with diarrhea owing to electrolyte depletion. Children with SAM have severely disrupted physiology and metabolism, and if vigorous refeeding begins before metabolic and electrolyte imbalances have been resolved, fatality rates are significant. No study has been conducted in Ethiopia on this topic, so this study was aimed at assessing electrolyte imbalance and its associated factors in under-5 children with severe acute malnutrition.
Methods – Hospital-based case control study was conducted at south Gondar Hospitals from October to December, 2021. Children under-went physical examination and had blood drawn for serum glucose, hemoglobin and electrolytes investigation. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting socio-demographic, clinical and personal variable as well as associated factors for electrolyte imbalance was applied. Both bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses was performed. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression were done. We performed crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI. In the final model, variables with a p-value < 0.05 was declared as statistically significant.
Result – We enrolled 232 children (116 cases and 116 controls). The mean age was 38.0 (SD±12.8) for cases and 37.1 (SD±13.1) for controls respectively. Sixty-one (52.6%) cases and 66 (56.9%) controls were female participants respectively. Hypokalemia [26.7%,16.4%]) and hyponatremia [25%, 14.7%] were frequently seen among cases and controls respectively. Death was recorded in 11 (9.5%) of cases. Edema (AOR=2.3; 1.4-4.7), not-vaccinated (AOR=1.2; 0.3-2.4) and diarrhea (AOR: 3.02; 1.09–8.63) were significantly associated with electrolyte derangement.
Conclusion: Electrolyte derangements, specifically hypokalemia and hyponatremia, were common in malnourished children. Having edema, not being fully vaccinated, and diarrhea were independent determinants of electrolyte derangement in malnourished children. Electrolyte levels should be measured in all severely malnourished cases to detect asymptomatic electrolyte imbalance.
Assessing the potential of genetic resource introduction into elite germplasm: a collaborative multiparental population for Flint maize
Authors: Sanchez Dimitri , Allier Antoine , Sadoun Sarah Ben , Tristan Mary-Huard , Bauland Cyril , Palaffre Carine , Lagardère Bernard , Madur Delphine , Combes Valérie , Melkior Stephane , Bettinger Laurent , Murigneux Alain , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain
Published: June 2023

Genetic diversity is crucial for maintaining genetic gains and ensuring breeding program’s long-term success. In a closed breeding program, selection inevitably leads to a loss of genetic diversity. While managing diversity can delay this loss, introducing external sources of diversity is necessary to bring back favorable genetic variation. Genetic resources exhibit greater diversity than elite materials, but their lower performance levels hinder their use. Establishing a bridging population that involves crosses between elite materials and diversity donors is a way to create improved genotypes that facilitate the incorporation in elite germplasm of original favorable variations coming from the donors.. Promising crosses in bridging populations can be identified thanks to their usefulness criterion (UC), which estimates progeny performance after selection, based on the average performance and the genetic variance of the cross. This paper documents experimentally these parameters in the framework of a collaborative multi-parental BC1-S2 population that includes materials from multiple breeding companies crossed to different donors. This program aims at enhancing the flint maize elite germplasm, which has only utilized so far a limited portion of the diversity available in genetic resources. Our findings show contrasted variances and UCs among crosses, resulting in an expected mean performance gain of 5% over the initial elite material. They make it possible to identify the most promising donor for each partner. They also suggest that one more generation, i.e. 3 in total, of crossing to the elite is required to fully exploit the potential of a donor.
Influence of How Rurality is Defined on Readmission Risk Factors for Younger Ischemic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Barfield LeeAnn , McGee Blake T.
Published: June 2023

Background.
Stroke is an expensive and destructive disease. Rural residence is linked to lower use of evidence-based stroke care interventions and higher risk of complications for stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of 30-day readmission after acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 19–64 years and evaluate multiple specifications of rurality as risk factors for readmission.
Methods.
Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for ischemic stroke survivors hospitalized during 2012–2015 were analyzed from six states. The urban influence code was utilized for patient location as an ordinal (large metropolitan, small metropolitan, micropolitan, or not metropolitan/micropolitan) and dichotomous variables. Logistic regression models of planned and unplanned readmission were built for each patient location variable.
Results.
After covariate adjustment, inhabitants of large metropolitan areas had higher odds of unplanned (but not planned) readmission compared to all others. However, the urban-rural distinction was not predictive of planned or unplanned readmission when specified any other way (any metro vs. non-metro, rural vs. all others, or as a 4-level ordinal variable).
Conclusions.
Urban-rural influence can be described as a predictor of unplanned readmission for younger ischemic stroke survivors when defined as large metropolitan areas compared to all others. The association between urban-rural location and unplanned readmission was sensitive to how urban-rural influence was operationalized. This finding demonstrates the importance of thoughtful attention to how rural and urban status are defined in research studies designed to document rural health disparities and interventions to address them.
Thinking about it: The impact of COVID-19 related stimuli on Prospective Memory
Authors: Vicentin Stefano , Cantarella Giovanni , Cona Giorgia , Bisiacchi Patrizia
Published: June 2023

Since 2020, information regarding COVID-19 has been a constant presence in the news and in our thoughts. Does this burden affect abilities essential to everyday functioning, such as Prospective Memory (PM), the ability to remember to perform an intention in the future? To answer this question, we proposed a PM paradigm composed of a Baseline and a PM conditions, between which a video clip was inserted. One of three possible video clips was displayed to each participant, presenting either neutral, negative, or COVID-related contents. To evaluate participants’ well-being and experience with the pandemic, the DASS-21 scale and the COVID-19-PTSD questionnaire were administered. A linear mixed effect (LME) model revealed a significant effect of the video on performance: participants that saw the COVID-related clip performed significantly better in the PM condition than participants in the other conditions, whereas the presentation of the video displaying negative contents was associated with decreased accuracy in the PM condition compared to the Baseline. Altogether, these results indicate a different effect of the exposure to “classical” negative contents (associated with decreased performance) and pandemic-related ones, that showed instead to improve accuracy. This counterintuitive finding seems to suggest that COVID-related stimuli are processed as “acute stressors” rather than negative stimuli. The explanatory power of the LME Model calculated on accuracy increased when the scores in the anxiety subscale of the DASS-21 were included suggesting a detrimental role of anxiety on our ability to perform a PM task.
Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3: integrative analyses support its prognostic association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yun Hye-Young
Published: June 2023

Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. Previous studies have reported that LGI3 serves as a multifunctional cytokine and is expressed in adipose tissue, skin, and brain tissue. LGI3 may also be involved in cytokine networks in various cancers. This study aimed to analyze differentially expressed genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) tissues and PAC cohort data in order to evaluate the prognostic role of LGI3. The expression microarray and the PAC cohort data were analyzed by bioinformatic methods for differential expression, protein-protein interactions, functional enrichment and pathway analyses, gene co-expression network analysis, and prognostic association analysis. Results showed that LGI3 expression was significantly reduced in PAC tissues. Nineteen upregulated genes and 31 downregulated genes in PAC tissues were identified as LGI3-regulated genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that 92% (46/50) of the LGI3-regulated genes that were altered in PACs belonged to a protein-protein interaction network cluster. Functional enrichment and gene co-expression network analyses demonstrated how these genes were associated with various processes including inflammatory and immune responses, metabolic processes, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. PAC cohort analyses revealed that low expression levels of LGI3 were significantly associated with poor PAC prognosis. Analysis of favorable or unfavorable prognostic gene products in PAC showed that 93 LGI3-regulated genes were differentially associated with PAC prognosis. Taken together, these results suggested that LGI3 may be a potential prognostic marker of PAC.
Anchorage mechanism of bamboo-steel composite rockbolts subjected to the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress
Authors: Ren Feifan , Huang Qiangqiang , Wang Guan , Li Zhuang
Published: June 2023

Earthen heritage sites are of high cultural and scientific value. However, most of earthen heritage sites have been severely damaged and are in urgent need of repair. To address this issue, a novel rockbolt, bamboo-steel composite rockbolt (BSCR), has been proposed and widely employed in earthen site protection. However, research on the anchorage mechanism of BSCR lags behind engineering practice, particularly with regard to its behavior under the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress. In this study, combined with centrifugal test results, a numerical model was established and validated and a comparative analysis of the anchorage mechanism between conventional rockbolt (CR) and BSCR was also conducted. The results show that BSCR with a larger diameter and bending stiffness is superior to CR in protecting earthen heritage sites. Moreover, reducing the rockbolt inclination angle and increasing the number of rockbolt layers can mitigate slope deformation resulting from the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress. Increasing the length of BSCR can enhance the stability of bolted slopes; however, excessive extending the rockbolt length is inefficient due to the effect of the effective anchorage length of the rockbolt. These findings provide valuable insights into the use of BSCR in earthen site protection and may provide a reference for further research on its anchorage mechanism under complex stress conditions.
IoT based Investigation of Augment March C _ Algorithm: Heuristic Approach
Authors: Mathur Vinita , Pundir Aditya Kumar , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this paper an effective novel memory management strategies for IoT framework standard over MQTT with raspberry pi field protocol is used in RAID 6 (Redundant array of independent drives) for data storage. RAID 6 offers a long data retention time for archiving as well as it provides a high fault and drive failure tolerance rate. The probability of rebuild failure rate as proposed to 0.397%with RAID 5. In This paper we have proposed a memory management strategies based on IoT framework for effective testing and repairing. For this a novel memory testing approach i.e. Improvised March C- (IM-March C-) Algorithm has been used with cases 32*8*1, 64*8*1, 256*8*1 for certain predefined injected-random fault at certain location in a RAID 6. The presented work has been tested on SPARTAN 2E, SPARTAN 3E, VIRTEX 2, VIRTEX 4, VIRTEX 5. From the Results it is clear that proposed algorithm has better fault coverage, require less tracing time (0.14 sec) and better device utilization.
Transcriptome analysis of right ventricular outflow tract myocardium in repaired-TOF patients with pulmonary regurgitation revealed the genetic features of right ventricle dysfunction
Authors: Fan Qiang , Li Jiuhong , Ling Yunfei , An Qi
Published: June 2023

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Surgical repair can prolong the survival time of TOF patients, but the right ventricle (RV) function of repaired-TOF (rTOF) patients will gradually deteriorate. Although pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) can delay the progression of RV dysfunction, it cannot avoid the ultimate RV failure. The purpose of this study was to define the genetic features of RV dysfunction in rTOF patients and to identify new potential biological targets for the treatment of RV dysfunction.
Method: Comparative transcriptome analysis of RV outflow track (RVOT) myocardium specimens collected from rTOF patients was conducted. These patients were divided into two groups according to the period between initial surgical TOF repair and first PVR. The period less than 15 years was deemed as early PVR (PVRe), otherwise deemed as late PVR (PVRl). Total RNA isolated from each sample was use for functional enrichment/network analyses for differentially expressed genes (DGEs).
Result: Six RVOT specimens (3 in PVRe and 3 in PVRl) showed significant differential expression of a total of 30 genes among which 15 genes were up-regulated and the other 15 genes were down-regulated in the comparison between PVRe and PVRl. According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, the mostly enriched biological processes was represented by monovalent inorganic cation transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) demonstrated the significantly enriched signaling pathway was calcium signaling pathway. Both GO and KEGG highlighted the specific enrichment of inorganic cation transport gene in rTOF sample.
Conclusion: This study presents the first global comparative transcriptome profiling of RV dysfunction in rTOF patients using RNA-seq and reveals the differernt gene expression pattern in rTOF patients. These findings have potential translational value because they identify new candidate prognostic markers and targets for the treatment of RV dysfunction in rTOF patients.
Efficient purification of methylene blue dye wastewater by integrated photocatalysis and photothermal evaporation
Authors: Li Qiang , Guo Yuqian , An Xianhui , Qian Xueren
Published: June 2023

Herein, a novel NH2–MIL–53(Fe)/polypyrrole@cellulose fiber (NMF/PPy@CelF) composite was prepared based on cellulose fiber (CelF) by a double in-situ growth method, consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) and NH2–MIL–53(Fe) (NMF). The interfacial photocatalysis and photothermal properties of the obtained composite was systematically evaluated by treating 20 ml·L− 1 methylene blue (MB) sulotion under 1 kW·m− 2 illumination. The NMF/PPy@CelF composite showed good photocatalytic activity with a degradation rate of 76.90% of MB within 180 min. Moreover, the photothermal conversion efficiency of NMF/PPy@CelF reached 92.16%. The PPy layer not only improved the visible light absorption range and interfacial temperature of the composite, but also facilitated the separation of photoelectrons and holes, endowing the NMF/PPy@CelF composite with good photothermal and photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, superior stability of the NMF/PPy@CelF composite was observed in repeated cycles. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. This work combines the photothermal effect with solar-driven photocatalysis, simultaneously achieving complete degradation of dyes and the recovery of clean water from dye wastewater.
Developing a Cryptocurrency Susceptibility Test: Mathematical Modeling and Benchmarking
Authors: Bakr Ayman
Published: June 2023

The increasing prominence of cryptocurrencies has brought to the forefront the critical issue of security vulnerabilities, particularly the majority 51% attack. This study addresses the need for benchmarks to distinguish between vulnerable and non-vulnerable cryptocurrencies. A comprehensive literature review reveals a lack of research with the desired statistical rigor in this domain, necessitating the development of a robust model. Drawing upon mathematical modeling, this research fills the gap by proposing a susceptibility test model which incorporates essential parameters identified from literature. The model is validated with additional data to ensure its accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, k-means clustering analysis is employed to determine benchmarking thresholds, allowing for a refined categorization of cryptocurrencies based on their susceptibility levels. The findings of this study reveal five distinct clusters, each representing a unique security profile. Resilience is associated with susceptibility test values less than the critical threshold \(0.532\). In contrast, cryptocurrencies with susceptibility test values greater than 1.557 exhibit alarming vulnerability. In between, three cryptocurrency susceptibility levels are identified, ranging from moderate resilience to high vulnerability. The outcomes of this study serve as a foundation for better-informed investment decisions as well as future research endeavors, informing the development of industry best practices and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the robustness of cryptocurrencies against malicious activities.
Evaluation of alarm fatigue among intensive care unit nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study
Authors: Ajri-Khameslou Mehdi , Abadi Pouya Dolat , Ghasemzadeh Islam , Mirzaei Alireza , Nemati-Vakilabad Reza
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Alarm fatigue is a state of nurses’ desensitization to the sounds of equipment in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which can affect the quality of nursing care over time. The present study explored alarm fatigue among intensive care unit nurses during the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Method
This exploratory study was conducted on 218 intensive care unit nurses in Ardabil city (northwest of Iran). The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form, nurses’ alarm fatigue questionnaire, and characteristics of the alarms checklist. SPSS (Version 22) software was used for data analysis.
Results
The mean alarm fatigue score of intensive care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak was at a moderate level (22.89 ± 7.69). Multiple linear regression showed that work experience (B = 0.223, p = 0.032), workplace (B = -0.238, p < 0.001), ward dimensions (B = -0.259, p < 0.001), response time (B = -0.522, p < 0.001), and management of alarms (B = 0.119, p < 0.022) were significant predictors of alarm fatigue, which accounted for 51% of the variance of the final model.
Conclusion
Considering the predictive role of some background variables and the characteristics of the alarms caused by the equipment connected to the intensive care unit patients, it is better to adopt strategies to modernize the intensive care unit equipment and increase the practical courses on working with the equipment to properly manage the alarms and reduce the response time to alarms.
Identification of a Cancer Testis Antigen-Associated Six-Gene Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma for the Prediction of Survival and Response to Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Shuyu , Zhao Qiurong , Chen Jiahao , Chen Liqing , Huang Rong , Kang Yanli , You Jianbin , Chen Jinhua , Chen Liangyuan
Published: June 2023

Background
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) being one of the major types of lung cancer. A limited number of studies have revealed that cancer testis antigens (CTAs) could serve as prognostic indicators for LUAD patients.
Methods
In this bioinformatics study, we constructed a novel CTA-related gene signature that predicted survival and responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with LUAD, and exploited univariate and Lasso-Cox regression analyses to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the signature’s prognostic capability. Immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immunophenoscores (IPSs) related to the prognostic signature in LUAD with different risk scores were thoroughly explored.
Results
Our prognostic signature was based upon six CTAs, and multivariate analysis showed that the six-CTA signature was an independent prognostic factor in overall survival for patients with LUAD. Memory resting CD4 T cells, monocytes, dendritic resting cells, and resting mast cells were elevated in the six-CTA signature high-risk group, and M0 macrophages and activated mast cells were reduced relative to the low-risk group. The six-CTA signature low-risk group possessed a higher IPS, and was more sensitive to an immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)—representing a more immunogenic phenotype.
Conclusion
In summary, we herein established a six-CTA prognostic signature for predicting survival in patients with LUAD and their potential responses to immunotherapy.
New Predictor-Corrector Methods Based on Adomian Decomposition Technique and Quadrature Rule for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Saeed Huda J. , Ali Ali Hasan , Batiha Belal , Donganont Mana , Park Choonkil
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Synthesis of TBAc in a bi-functional “M-S-Si” platform: the impact of metal cation on catalytic performance
Authors: Hu Jingqiu , Tang Jihai , Zhang Zhuxiu
Published: June 2023

Catalytic production of tert-butyl acetate directly from acetic acid and isobutylene in an efficient manner is of great importance from the standpoint of green chemical processes. Herein, the catalysts of Fe, Al, Ti, Ce-incorporated SO3H-SBA-15 (M-S-Si) were prepared by a co-condensation method and evaluated in the addition reaction of isobutylene with acetic acid. The properties of the resulting M-S-Si catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Pyridine FT-IR. The M-S-Si catalysts exhibited well-ordered mesoporous structures and different acidic properties. The incorporation of Fe introduced more Brönsted acid sites, while the presence of Al and Ce resulted in more Lewis acid sites. The conversion of acetic acid was related to the concentrate of Brönsted acid sites but selectivity was influenced by Lewis acid sites. The Al-S-Si and Ce-S-Si catalysts with more Lewis acid sites show better tert-butyl acetate selectivity at the higher temperature.
Revealing the Genetic Structure in Endangered Species of Huangxin (Catalpa) by RAD Genotyping
Authors: Ge Wanting , Liu Ying , Wang Junhui , Li Jie , Wang Fuyu , Zhang Shen , Zhang Minggang , Wang Lei , Yang Guijuan , Ma Wenjun
Published: June 2023

Huangxin is a type of Catalpa fargesii Bur. f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour, a small distribution species that have been over-exploited and damaged because of its excellent wood properties. Based on RAD-seq technique to evaluate the phylogeny, genetic diversity, genetic structure, gene flow, and extension routes of 169 individuals of Huangxin, and we used 24 samples of C. duclouxii and 5 Catalpa ovata G.Don samples as outgroups. In this study, we have explored the relationship between Huangxin with C. duclouxii and C. ovata, which proved that Huangxin is a separate species. Results of SNP analysis showed that the overall genetic diversity of Huangxin was moderate (mean HE=0.2935, HO=0.4401), and within the Huangxin subgroups, Subgroup 5 (HE=0.3011, HO=0.4495) had high genetic diversity. The FST value (mean = 0.1983) proves that a high level of genetic differentiation between subgroups. Furthermore, we found that the Huangxin population was strongly influenced by human activities. Therefore, strategies for in-situ and ex-situ protection of Huangxin are proposed, and these strategies are of great value for the conservation, preservation, and genetic improvement of this species. Meanwhile, it also provides a valuable reference for the conservation of other similar species with small ranges.
Generalization Error Bound for an SGD Family via a Gaussian Approximation Method
Authors: Chen Hao , Mo Zhanfeng , Yang Zhouwang
Published: June 2023

Recent works have developed model complexity based and algorithm based generalization error bounds to explain how Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods help over-parameterized models generalize better. However, previous works are limited by their scope of analysis and fail to provide comprehensive explanations. In this paper, we propose a novel Gaussian approximation framework to establish generalization error bounds for the $\mathcal{U}$-SGD family, which is a class of SGDs with asymptotically unbiased and uniformly bounded gradient noise. We study $\mathcal{U}$-SGD dynamics, and we show both theoretically and numerically that the limiting model parameter distribution tends to be Gaussian, even when the origin gradient noise is non-Gaussian. For a $\mathcal{U}$-SGD family, we establish a desirable iteration number independent generalization error bound at the order of $\mathcal{O}((1+\sqrt{\log (p\sqrt{n})}) / \sqrt{n})$, where $n$ and $p$ stand for the sample size and parameter dimension. Based on our analysis, we propose two general types of methods to help models generalize better, termed as the additive and multiplicative noise insertions. We show that these methods significantly reduce the dominant term of the generalization error bound.