bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Counseling to Predict Psychological Readiness for Aspiring Entrepreneurs
Authors: Syafitri Nesi , Farradinna Syarifah , Arta Yudhi , Herawati Icha , Jayanti Wella
Published: February 2025

Machine learning has become an exciting topic in psychology-related research, one of which is counseling psychological readiness for entrepreneurship. An intelligent application developed using a machine learning model to assist the counseling process in measuring a person's psychological readiness for entrepreneurship. This application was generated using the Entrepreneurship Psychological Readiness (EPR) instrument. In this study, to get the most suitable machine learning model, a comparison of 2 (two) machine learning models, namely, Naïve Bayesian (NB) and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), involving 1095 training data. There are 4 (four) prediction classes recommended from the results of counseling: categories not ready for entrepreneurship, given training, guided, and prepared for entrepreneurship. The EPR instrument consists of 33 question items to measure 8 (eight) parameters used as inputs for the prediction process. The data has been randomized, and the experiment has been repeated 5 (five) times to check the consistency of performance of all techniques. 80% of the data was used as training data, and the other 20% was used as testing data. The results of the five (5) trials show that the Naïve Bayesian model provides the most consistent results in predicting a person's psychological readiness for entrepreneurship, with 89.58% accuracy, in testing. Therefore, the Naïve Bayesian model is recommended to be used in psychological counseling to predict a person's readiness for entrepreneurship
Implementation of SAW and AHP in Decision-Making Models for Credit Provision in Cooperatives
Authors: Rojakul Rojakul , Sumardianto Sumardianto , Triyono Gandung
Published: February 2025

The research aims to overcome the difficulties in selecting the best members of the Al-Amin Independent Corporation, focusing on the challenges faced in determining the best members in the process of giving credit and payments on time. However, many members fail to meet their obligations or fail to pay their contributions smoothly, leading to credit freezes and decreased cooperative income. The cause of a member's failure to pay quotas has not been identified by the current candidate admission selection system. The methods used are Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) applied in the Decision Support System (DSS) model. The results of the research showed the effectiveness of the SAW method in identifying the best and optimal alternative with the highest value on V2 of 4. The AHP method has successfully determined the priority weight and the level of importance for member selection criteria including Activity (0.50), Savings (0.13), Guarantee (0.09), Loan (0.10), Disbursement (0.10), Time Period (0.07). The research provides insight to decision-makers in cooperatives makes important contributions, especially in the granting of credit, and affirms the importance of objective methods in the selection of members.
Evolution and Research Opportunities of Digital Forensic Tools: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Dwi Syahputri Rischi , Anggono Alexander , Prasetyono Prasetyono , Djasuli Mohamad
Published: February 2025

The use of digital technology has increased rapidly, presenting new challenges such as cybercrime, online fraud and money laundering. To address these threats, digital forensic tools have become crucial in investigating and analyzing electronic evidence to combat increasingly complex digital crimes. Therefore, research and development in the field of digital forensics is crucial to address the growing digital security challenges. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of digital forensic tools research in the business, management and accounting domains over the past ten years, evaluate the evolution of the research, identify promising research opportunities and provide insights into future directions in the field. Bibliometric analysis was conducted with the help of VOSviewer software on 698 Scopus-indexed articles sourced from ScienceDirect during 2014-2023. Based on the network map analysis, it was found that despite much progress, the field continues to evolve and offers many opportunities for further research and innovation in digital forensic tools related to mobile forensics, memory forensics, anti-forensics, malware analysis, cloud forensics, cybersecurity, machine learning and deep learning, and ethics and privacy in forensic investigations.
Dynamic Fractal Theory: Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Multiscale Structure of the Universe
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

mic fractal theory provides a unified framework for explaining the mul?tiscale structure of the universe. Based on the concept of dynamic fractals, thispaper constructs a systematic mathematical and physical framework, detailing therecursive processes and dynamic characteristics of fractals. Through theoreticaladvancements, dynamic fractals are connected to general relativity, serving as low?dimensional projections to describe macroscopic scales. To validate the theory andenable multiscale modeling, a numerical simulation framework is developed, includ?ing the discretization, temporal evolution, and recursive implementation of fractaldynamics. Finally, the paper explores future directions to refine the theory andexpand its practical applications.
Fractal Spacetime and the Deep Mechanism Behind the Violation of Inequalities
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

Bell inequalities serve as a decisive criterion for ruling out local hidden variabletheories, relying fundamentally on the assumptions of locality and determinismwithin classical spacetime. However, the systematic violation of Bell inequalitiesin quantum entangled systems—such as the observation of S = 2.42 ± 0.04 in dia?mond NV centers by Hensen et al. (2015)—has compelled the scientific communityto reexamine the intrinsic relationship between spacetime structure and quantumnonlocality. This paper proposes that the geometric properties of fractal spacetime,through mechanisms of dimensional fluctuations and causal softening, provide aself-consistent geometric framework to explain the violation of Bell inequalities. Byconstructing a fractal-modified CHSH inequality and a fractal Hilbert space theory,and proposing experimental schemes involving rippled graphene, superconductingfractal arrays, and cosmological observations, this paper systematically elucidateshow fractal spacetime reconciles the contradiction between quantum nonlocalityand the classical view of spacetime.
New Perspective on the Consistency of Quantum Gravity and General Relativity at Small Scales: The Theory of Dynamic Rigid Fractal Spacetime Manifolds
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

The unification of general relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics(QM) in modern physics has been hindered by the challenges of recon?ciling background independence with quantum fluctuations. This pa?per proposes the theory of Dynamic Rigid Fractal Spacetime Manifolds(DRFST), based on non-commutative geometry and fractal measures.By introducing a dynamic regulation mechanism for the Hausdorff di?mension of fractal manifolds, this framework preserves the differentialgeometric foundation of general relativity while enabling the couplingof quantum fluctuations with spacetime geometry. The theory demon?strates:
Rigorous Proof of the Fractal Poincar´e Duality Theorem in Non-Manifolds
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper rigorously proves the extension of the Poincar duality to noncompactfractal manifolds. By investigating fractal manifolds with Hausdorff dimension DHand satisfying the condition of Ahl regularity, we establish the following resultthrough comprehensive application of fractal measure theory, recursive constructionof chain complexes, and fractal differential structures:Hkc(X) ∼= HDH−kBM (X),where Hkc(X) represents compactly supported cohomology and HDH−kBM (X) denotesBorel-Moore homology. The proof incorporates the fractal Stokes theorem, recur?sive fractal chain construction, and spectral properties of the fractal Laplace oper?ator, providing a theoretical foundation for topology research in fractal geometry.This work is particularly relevant for studies on topology and fractals in quantumgravity and condensed matter physics.Keywords: Fractal Poincar´e Duality; Noncompact Fractal Manifolds; AhlforsRegular Measure; Fractal Chain Complex; Fractal Stokes Theorem; Hausdorff Di?mension; Borel-Moore Homology
Applications of Fractal Diffeomorphism Theory in Quantum Physics
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper delves into the extensive applications of fractal dif?feomorphism theory in quantum physics. By integrating fractal dif?feomorphism theory with cutting-edge quantum physics research, weelaborate on its applications in quantum gravity, the quantum Halleffect, and fractal superconducting devices, thereby presenting novelperspectives and methods for quantum physics studies. Furthermore,the paper highlights breakthroughThis paper delves into the extensive applications of fractal dif?feomorphism theory in quantum physics. By integrating fractal dif?feomorphism theory with cutting-edge quantum physics research, weelaborate on its applications in quantum gravity, the quantum Halleffect, and fractal superconducting devices, thereby presenting novelperspectives and methods for quantum physics studies. Furthermore,the paper highlights breakthroughs in mathematical frontiers achievedthrough fractal diffeomorphism theory and details a refined roadmapfor technological translation, offering theoretical guidance and practi?cal directions for the advancement of quantum technology.s in mathematical frontiers achievedthrough fractal diffeomorphism theory and details a refined roadmapfor technological translation, offering theoretical guidance and practi?cal directions for the advancement of quantum technology.
The effect of social media ads on election outcomes
Authors: Bär Dominik , Pröllochs Nicolas , Feuerriegel Stefan
Published: February 2025

Social media has become a key communication channel in politics and allows for political advertising with wide reach yet low costs. However, the effect of political ads from social media on election outcomes is largely unclear. Here, we aim to estimate the association between online political advertising and election outcomes during the 2021 German federal election. For this, we analyze a unique, large-scale dataset of 21,641 political ads from Facebook and Instagram that received ~126 million impressions. Using regression analysis, we show that political advertising on social media has a positive relationship with a candidate's election outcome and may even sway elections. All else equal, ~200,000 additional impressions are predicted to increase a candidate's votes by 2.1%. Generally, establishing causality in the context of election outcomes is difficult. Here, we use a state-of-the-art causal sensitivity analysis, which allows us to evaluate how unobserved confounding may affect our estimates. We find that the estimated effects cannot be reasonably explained away, which implies that social media ads have a causal effect on election outcomes. Together, our results highlight the significance of social media for election outcomes.
A Review of How Artificial Intelligence Could Influence the Emergency Department Workflow
Authors: Fatahi Mansoureh
Published: February 2025

Emergency departments play a critical role in healthcare systems, serving the initial point that patients and hospitals contact. Emergency physicians deal with emergent and life-threatening conditions in an unpredictable environment. With the growing prominence of artificial intelligence in the medical environment, understanding its potential impact on the quality of care delivered by physicians and staff is crucial to improving patient care and increasing patient satisfaction. While existing literature has explored artificial intelligence's influence on emergency department workflow from a specific point of view, this study briefly examines how artificial intelligence could transform care delivery in emergency departments from triage to patient disposition.
Yang-Mills theory on a fractal manifold with boundary (PART C) Stability analysis of solutions to the fractal Yang-Mills equations
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the stability of solutions to the Yang?Mills equations defined on fractal manifolds. Extending the traditional Yang-Millstheory to fractal manifolds with Hausdorff dimension DH, we investigate the sta?bility behavior of solutions under small perturbations. The Yang-Mills equationson fractal manifolds are derived as the variational equations of the energy func?tional. Through second-order variational analysis, we verify whether the solutionscorrespond to stable minima. By leveraging the fractal Sobolev inequalities andproperties of the fractal Laplace operator, we demonstrate that the solutions ex?hibit both mathematical and dynamical stability. These findings lay a theoreticalfoundation for research into quantum field theories in fractal geometries
Morse Theory on Fractal Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper systematically develops Morse theory on fractal mani?folds with boundary. By introducing fractal differential structures andfractal chain complexes, we define fractal Morse functions and estab?lish Morse inequalities adapted to fractal manifolds. Using the fractalStokes theorem and the spectral properties of the fractal Laplace oper?ator, we rigorously analyze the relationship between critical points andthe homology groups of the manifold, proving the deep connection be?tween critical points and fractal topological properties. Furthermore,numerical simulations of fractal manifolds are conducted to analyzethe behavior of gradient flows and their impact on the distributionof critical points, verifying the accuracy of fractal Morse theory. Theresults demonstrate the potential of this theory in addressing complexgeometric structures and broad topological applications, providing anovel pathway for the integration of fractal geometry and topology.
Divorce in Poland. Selected aspects
Authors: Sobanski Piotr
Published: February 2025

According to Article 56 § 1 of the Family and Guardianship Code, if there has been a complete and permanent breakdown of the marriage between the spouses, either spouse may request that the court dissolve the marriage through divorce. One spouse (the petitioner) must file a divorce petition (pozew o rozwód) with the appropriate district court (sąd okręgowy) in Poland. There is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court.The court will serve the divorce petition to the other spouse (the respondent), who will have the opportunity to respond. According to Article 56 § 2 of the Family and Guardianship Code, even in the case of a complete and permanent breakdown of the marital relationship, divorce is not permissible if it is requested solely by the spouse at fault for the breakdown of the marriage, unless the other spouse consents to the divorce or the refusal of their consent in the given circumstances contradicts the principles of social coexistence. (...) Kancelaria Adwokacka Adwokat dr Piotr Sobański LL.M. Plac Pocztowy 6/4 Zielona Góra Polska piotr.sobanski@adwokatura.pl ORCiD: 0000-0001-8303-1125
Marriage and family in Polish law. Selected aspects
Authors: Sobanski Piotr
Published: February 2025

According to Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, marriage as a union of a woman and a man, family, motherhood, and parenthood are under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland. Motherhood signifies a special bond between a mother and her child, primarily arising from the biological conditions of a woman's body. It also encompasses the period of pregnancy, thus lasting both before and after the birth of the child. Parenthood, as a constitutional term, has been introduced into Article 18 primarily to ensure that the role of the father is not constitutionally overlooked. Parenthood therefore refers to both the mother and the father. It encompasses the autonomy of parents to make decisions regarding procreation and serves as the foundation for parental authority. The obligation to protect specified in Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland primarily means that public authorities must take actions to prevent threats to marriage, family, motherhood, and parenthood. Pursuant to Article 23 of the Family and Guardianship Code, spouses have equal rights and responsibilities in marriage. They are obliged to common cohabitation, to provide mutual assistance and fidelity, and to cooperate for the benefit of the family they have established through their union. The content of Article 23 of the Family and Guardianship Code is a transposition of the provisions regarding the protection of marriage and family contained in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, including Article 18. (...) Kancelaria Adwokacka Adwokat dr Piotr Sobański LL.M. Plac Pocztowy 6/4 Zielona Góra Polska piotr.sobanski@adwokatura.pl ORCiD: 0000-0001-8303-1125
Breaking the tug-of-war: What neuroeconomics can gain by moving past competition-only models
Authors: Leng Xiamin , Su Yi-Hsin , Frömer Romy , Shenhav Amitai
Published: February 2025

Models like the drift diffusion model have been highly influential in explaining decision-making as a tug-of-war process, where evidence for competing options accumulates until a threshold is reached. While these models capture several key aspects of decision-making, they have difficulty accounting for others, including the influence of individual option values on choice speed and the subjective cost of choosing, as well as the fact that that choice competition is itself malleable. This chapter argues for a broader framework that moves beyond a strict tug-of-war approach, by incorporating both independent and competitive evidence accumulation. We show that adopting this alternate framework not only better accounts for the evaluative processes underlying choice (e.g., which option is best), but also how the same evaluations can be applied towards decisions about how good one’s options are on the whole; whether and when to make a choice; and how many options to choose.
Demand-Resource Evaluations and Post-performance Thoughts in Classical Music Students: How They Are Linked and Influenced by Music Performance Anxiety, Audience, and Time
Authors: Rey Ludovic , Guyon Amélie J. A. A. , Hildebrandt Horst , Güsewell Angelika , Horsch Antje , Nater Urs , Jamieson Jeremy , Gomez Patrick
Published: February 2025

Musicians’ performance experiences range widely, from elation to severe anxiety. In this study, we examined musicians’ performance experiences through the lens of the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. According to this model, a challenge state arises when perceived resources meet or exceed perceived demands, while a threat state occurs when demands outweigh resources. These states can be quantified using the Demand Resource Evaluation Score (DRES), calculated as the difference between resource and demand evaluations, with higher values indicating a greater challenge-type response. Although post-event processing is a key factor in maintaining social anxiety, research on factors influencing musicians’ post-performance thoughts remains limited. Additionally, the link between DRES and post-performance thoughts is unknown. This study aimed to determine 1) how DRES is influenced by the general music performance anxiety (MPA) level, audience presence, and time (pre-performance vs. during-performance); 2) how negative and positive post-performance thoughts are influenced by general MPA level and audience presence; and 3) whether DRES predicts post-performance thoughts. Classical music students (N = 121) with varying levels of MPA performed solo in a private and a public session. We assessed pre-performance and during-performance DRES, and negative and positive post-performance thoughts. DRES decreased with increasing general MPA level, was lower in public than private sessions, and declined from pre-performance to during-performance. These effects were qualified by a three-way interaction: the effect of general MPA level was strongest before performing publicly, the audience effect was most pronounced at higher general MPA levels before performing, and the time effect was greatest at lower general MPA levels during public sessions. General MPA level was associated with more negative thoughts and fewer positive thoughts. Audience presence increased only negative thoughts. Higher during-performance DRES predicted fewer negative and more positive thoughts both intraindividually and interindividually, with pre-performance DRES showing similar interindividual effects. These findings demonstrate the complex interplay of personal and situational factors in shaping musicians’ challenge and threat experiences. Moreover, high general MPA levels are associated with a general tendency toward more negative and fewer positive post-performance thoughts. Interventions fostering challenge-oriented appraisals may enhance musicians’ post-performance processing, potentially mitigating performance anxiety.
Fertility Preferences During Crises: An Analysis of Finnish Men and Women's Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the War in Ukraine
Authors: Golovina Kateryna , Jurczak Anna , Lehtonen Noora , Marcinkowska Urszula M. , Berg Venla , Rotkirch Anna
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine influenced fertility preferences among young adults in Finland. Background: Crises and periods of uncertainty often lead to declines in fertility preferences in high-income societies. However, some groups may experience an increase in fertility preferences. Method: Using a nationally representative survey conducted in August 2022 (n=1960), we analyzed self-reported changes in fertility preferences in relation to socio-demographic variables through multinomial logistic regression. Additionally, qualitative analysis was conducted on open-ended responses to identify common themes behind these changes. Results: Overall, 17.2% of respondents reported changes in their fertility preferences: 10.1% decreased them, while 7.1% increased them. Men were more likely to increase their fertility preferences in response to both crises, whereas women tended to decrease them due to the war but not the pandemic. Parents were more likely to increase their fertility preferences due to the pandemic but not the war. Unemployed individuals were less likely to change their preferences compared to employed respondents. Qualitative analysis identified two key themes: postponing childbearing due to uncertainty and increasing childbearing due to family values. Conclusion: The two recent crises in Europe had distinct effects on fertility preferences across different demographic groups. Implications: Family planning and social support policies should consider not only economic factors but also non-economic uncertainties, such as political and military instability.
Sampling for a Cross-National Survey in Six African Countries Using Social Media Advertisements: Comparison of Different Targeting Strategies, Types of Estimates, and Selectivity against Population Benchmarks
Authors: Rohr Björn , Felderer Barbara , Silber Henning , West Brady , Pötzschke Steffen , Priebe Jan
Published: February 2025

When researchers recruit participants for an online survey via Facebook advertisements, a targeting algorithm determines which individuals receive the survey invitation. Because the algorithm maximizes the number of clicks on the survey link, predominantly easy-to-reach population groups in a country or region might be reached (simple demographic targeting: SDT). To reduce representation bias, researchers can target selected demographic population groups separately (complex demographic targeting: CDT). In this study, we evaluate whether CDT effectively leads to less bias in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate estimates than SDT. This is done by comparing socio-demographic and health-related measures of health surveys recruited via Facebook with and without CDT in six African countries against probability-based survey benchmarks. Independent of the targeting strategy, our results show that many estimates were strongly biased, especially the univariate estimates of education and Internet use, whereas other estimates (e.g., HIV knowledge) were less affected. Although we found minor evidence that the CDT method reduced bias in univariate estimates, bias in relationship estimates stayed similar. Moreover, the study shows that univariate estimates are generally more often biased than relationship estimates and that bias is partially related to coverage issues. The success of weighting in bias reduction was mixed.
Improving coordination of data and actors for disaster-responsive housing and safer communities
Authors: Perugia Francesca , Babb Courtney , Scherini Rebecca , Rowley Steven , Logan Callum , Shirowzhan Sara , Lu Yi , Pettit Christopher
Published: February 2025

What this research is about? This research examines how governments and organisations involved in planning and delivering housing use data to assess risks associated with flooding, bushfires and cyclones. It explores ways to use and share data better in order to reduce the impact of disastersWhy this research is important? Having access to quality data plays a crucial tool in managing and mitigating natural hazard risks. It enables authorities to make efficient and informed decisions regarding what land is used for housing and development. Good data is essential to inform strategies for reducing risks and enhancing preparedness for disasters. It can also improve coordination of disaster response and post-disaster recovery activities.
Integrating housing policy, settlement planning and disaster management
Authors: Kroen Annette , Barnes Emma , Hartley Chris , Dodson Jago , Butt Andrew , Pawson Hal
Published: February 2025

What this research is about? This research looks at how housing policy and planning can better prepare for natural disasters, and enable recovery from them.It examines institutional arrangements, planning coordination and disaster management responses.Why this research is important? Australia faces many natural hazards like bushfires, floods, storms and cyclones. Climate change is making these events more frequent and intense. Because housing is heavily impacted during disasters, it's crucial that housing policy works closely with disaster risk reduction and response.
Can Activation Policies Foster Sustainable Wellbeing? Phenomenological Analysis of Long-Term Unemployed Jobseekers’ Lived Experiences
Authors: Ruottunen Sonja
Published: February 2025

This article examines the wellbeing implications of activation policies, focusing on the lived experiences of long-term unemployed jobseekers with public employment services. Using a phenomenological approach and the theory of sustainable wellbeing as a framework, the article explores how activation services function as either need satisfiers or barriers across four well-being dimensions: having, loving, doing, and being. Drawing on 24 individual and 4 focus group interviews in the city of Espoo in Finland, the findings highlight the potential of group-form services enhance wellbeing, particularly in the doing dimension through providing meaningful activity and fostering a sense of autonomy and capability. At best, providing meaningful activity could lead to improvements in the being dimension of wellbeing, such as improved self-image and functional ability, creating a self-reinforcing circle of wellbeing. However, to offer successful need satisfiers, group form services had to also support the loving dimension by offering experiences of social relatedness. Additionally, the interviewees lived experiences highlight conditionality as a need barrier, as jobseekers may prioritize maintaining basic material needs over engagement, fearing benefit loss. Ultimately, the article argues for a holistic approach to welfare policy design, considering the interplay of different wellbeing needs to create more inclusive support structures.
Exploring the Financial Health of Municipalities in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Devilal , Paudel Resam Lal , Yadav Umesh Singh , G C Surya Bahadur , Tiwari Indra Prasad , Thapa Ajay
Published: February 2025

This study examines financial distress faced by Nepalese municipalities and explores strategies for reducing financial risk to promote community development. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Pokhara, Biratnagar, and Dhangadi as part of a qualitative research approach. Each group comprises eight to twelve participants. To ensure sustainable fiscal health, the study emphasizes the importance of enhancing capacity-building initiatives, diversifying sources of revenue, revising investment-related legislative frameworks, and improving tax collection. It also highlights the need for central and provincial policy changes to provide local governments to empower the local government with more control over their finances and governance. The study examines municipalities' financial circumstances and provides solutions for improving fiscal effectiveness and promoting the socioeconomic growth of municipalities in Nepal. Finally, the provincial and central governments must comprehensively reform policies to grant more autonomy to the local government in both governance and financial management practices to strengthen the fiscal health of urban municipalities in Nepal, supporting their contribution to the broader socio-economic development of the country.
An Analysis of Government Expenditure and Revenue in Nepal: Trends, Challenges and Policy Implications
Authors: Upadhyaya Ghanshyam
Published: February 2025

This study provides a comprehensive examination of the trends and patterns in government expenditure and revenue in Nepal, spanning from fiscal year 1975/76 to 2024/25. Using time series data analysis and visual representations, the research identifies key phases of growth, contraction, and structural shifts in Nepal's fiscal landscape. Government expenditure has shown a sustained upward trajectory, with distinct periods of sharp increases and moderation. The period 1990/91–1994/95 witnessed significant growth in expenditure, averaging 17.33% annually, driven by the democratic transition and the prioritization of social and infrastructure development. Similarly, the highest growth rate of 60.95% was observed in 2009/10, fueled by post-conflict reconstruction and development efforts. Conversely, fiscal constraints resulted in minimal growth, as low as 0.3% in 2001/02, during political instability. The research categorizes expenditure into recurrent and capital components, revealing a structural shift in fiscal priorities. Recurrent expenditure, which primarily encompasses administrative and public service obligations, began to surpass capital expenditure post-1995/96. This shift highlights the growing demand for government services and the challenges of balancing short-term operational costs with long-term investment needs. On the revenue side, the study reveals a robust upward trend, with significant improvements in growth rates during periods of political stability and economic reforms. The peak revenue growth rate of 24.14% was recorded during 2005/06–2009/10, reflecting enhanced tax collection mechanisms and fiscal policies. However, the analysis also notes a recent moderation in revenue growth, attributed to structural challenges in the economy and external shocks. In conclusion, the study underscores the dynamic interplay between government expenditure and revenue in shaping Nepal’s fiscal trajectory. It calls for strategic fiscal management to address emerging challenges such as rising recurrent expenses and slower revenue growth. The findings provide critical insights for policymakers aiming to enhance resource allocation, promote economic stability, and ensure sustainable development in Nepal's evolving fiscal landscape.
Quantitative Comparison of Grain Structure in Heat Treated, Nital-Etched Mild Steel and TMT Bars
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Marasini Dipendra , Kumar Akshay , Budhathoki Anjana , Khadka Anu , Subedi Kismat
Published: February 2025

Steels have microstructures such as ferrite, pearlite, and martensite, which directly influence properties like hardness, strength, and thermal conductivity. The impact of specific heat treatment procedures on mild steel and TMT bars, such as normalizing and quenching in mediums like water, ice, and oil, lead to changes in these microstructures, resulting in variations in mechanical and thermal properties. Nital reagent used for etching steel and other ferrous materials reveals their microstructures. Optical microscopy and image analysis technique is particularly effective in determining the amount or composition of different phases within a heat treated sample. Ice quenching is one that has the maximum (i.e., 85.05) percent of martensite in a mild steel rod, which signifies higher hardness making it suitable for applications where high strength is critical but, ductility is less important. Similarly, water quenched Thermex TMT bar shows a maximum (i.e., 11.73) percent of ferrite, which shows higher ductility as compared with mild steel rod and other TMT rods that makes it better for applications where deformation occurs, whereas normalizing in mild steel results in 73.37% of pearlite which suggests good balance between strength and ductility making it suitable for components that undergo cyclic loading. The conclusion shows the relevance of looking for the proper heat treatment techniques in order to obtain the best mechanical properties for various steels used in wide range of applications.
Enhancing Veterinary Education Through a Novel Animal Welfare and Behavior Course at a New Veterinary University
Authors: Contreras Elena T. , Vanderstichel Raphael
Published: February 2025

Proficiency in animal welfare is among the core competencies of graduating veterinary students. With growing societal concern surrounding welfare topics, it is imperative that veterinarians are knowledgeable advocates for animals’ welfare. However, animal welfare has not been consistently integrated into veterinary school curricula; some studies suggest that existing courses may not have achieved their intended outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate incoming veterinary students’ perceptions regarding animal welfare before and after completing a newly developed first-semester course in animal welfare and behavior. Perceptions were assessed through an anonymous, voluntary questionnaire containing 40 individual statements gauging students’ concern for animal welfare. A “total welfare concern” (TWC) score, indicative of predilection toward animal welfare, was calculated for each student based on responses collected before (PRE), after (POST), and 2.5 years after (LAST) course completion. A total of 105 students completed the PRE questionnaire, 81 completed the POST, and 59 completed the LAST. The Wilcoxon signed rank test for matched pairs was used to compare median TWC scores between matched PRE, POST, and LAST data points. Results showed that the median TWC score increased from PRE to POST ( n = 69, p < .001) and from PRE to LAST ( n = 32; p < .001), with no significant difference between POST and LAST ( n = 32; p = .64). These findings suggest that students’ attitudes toward animal welfare and empathy toward animals increased after the course and remained elevated throughout their education. This novel first-semester course appears to have provided students with a foundation and evaluative framework for continued attentiveness to animal welfare.
D.G. Meade's Philosophy of Education
Authors: Kugai Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: February 2025

Among the classic works on the philosophy of education, the work of George Herbert Mead occupies a special place. Mead points out that we usually approach education in reverse, focusing, even in the early years, on assessing and ranking children on their individual performance. We also make adult goals central, breaking adult understandings into fragments that children absorb piecemeal, without meaning. Mead suggests that these priorities should be reversed. We should begin with simple social activities, such as play, which involves shared activities or simple division of roles. We should also begin with an emphasis on social-emotional comfort and connection rather than intellectual activity, gradually moving to more autonomous and intellectually oriented activities.
On some aspects of designing a tourist and excursion product by future Bachelor of Tourism in the process of professional training at the university
Authors: Maslennikova Svetlana Fedorovna , Medvedeva Anna Alekseevna
Published: February 2025

The authors highlight some of the stages and features of the tour design based on the analysis of the tourist and excursion potential of the Acropolis of Athens (Greece) conducted by the students. This stage of designing a tourist product cannot be avoided, because only this will help determine how well the tourist resources meet the expectations and needs of consumers.
Formation of value orientations in children in single-parent families
Authors: Zaluzhnaia Mariia Vasilevna
Published: February 2025

The chapter is devoted to the problem of studying the value orientations of children. The author consistently conducts a theoretical analysis of domestic research on the problem of value formation in children in the process of family education, analyzes scientific views on the socio-psychological characteristics of children from single-parent families. Examines theoretical approaches to the study of terminal values and life spheres in children from single-parent families.
Methods of interactive training in the medical field
Authors: Zaritskaia Viktoriia Viktorovna
Published: February 2025

The chapter presents a practical development of the situational role-playing method used in the course of teaching the discipline "Life safety" at a medical university. The goals and objectives of the lesson are considered, the competencies formed during the lesson are described, as well as the work plan.
Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the work–personal life balance of working women mothers
Authors: Isakova Tatiana Iurevna , Zanin Dmitrii Sergeevich
Published: February 2025

The chapter presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of work-life balance. The main methodological approaches to the study of balance in life are structured and characterized. The authors have identified indicators of work-life balance.
The effectiveness of using case technologies in teaching biology
Authors: Khotuliova Olga Viktorovna
Published: February 2025

The chapter is devoted to the application of one of the most relevant and in-demand biology teaching technologies in school – case study. Biology as an academic subject has great potential for the implementation of various forms of educational organization. FGOS SOE sets a number of difficult tasks for biology, one of which is to organize the educational process in such a way that it is as effective as possible and brings real results, but at the same time meets all the stated requirements. Case technologies successfully cope with this task. The cases are in high demand and relevant to use. They perform well in preparing students for exams and Olympiads. It can also be supplemented with out-of-text components: diagrams, graphs, tables, drawings, photographs, etc. At the same time, the case is as informative as possible, includes different points of view, and also examines current problems of biology.
Condições higiênico-sanitárias no comércio de carnes e derivados em feiras livres em Colatina, Espírito Santo
Authors: Leal Stefani de Meireles Lopes , Pieper André Ortlieb , Oliveira Maurício Alves de , Cardozo Rafaela Dalmolin , Carvalhai Jéssica Fernandes
Published: February 2025

. Open-air markets have been historically recognized as potential hotspots for foodborne illnesses. The intense circulation of people and products, coupled with often precarious sanitary conditions, favors the proliferation of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of meat and meat product sales at open-air markets in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil, analyzing their compliance with current regulations. Nine stalls selling meat and meat products were assessed in three local markets. Data collection was performed through direct observation using a structured questionnaire based on four main axes: infrastructure, hygienic-sanitary aspects, environmental conditions, and organization. The data revealed a concerning scenario, with high rates of non-compliance. Simultaneous handling of food and money by the same individuals was observed in approximately 89% of stalls (8 out of 9), exposing products to a high risk of cross-contamination. Additionally, 100% of stalls (6 out of 9) did not have adequate temperature control for meat storage, while 78% (7 out of 9) presented the presence of vectors, such as flies and other insects, in direct contact with food. In approximately 67% of stalls (6 out of 9), the hygiene of handlers, including the use of appropriate clothing and personal hygiene, was considered insufficient. Environmental conditions, related to the cleanliness and organization of sales areas, were classified as inadequate in approximately 89% of cases (8 out of 9). These results evidence the precarious hygienic-sanitary conditions in meat sales at open-air markets in Colatina-ES, posing a risk to public health. The inadequate handling of food, coupled with the lack of adequate infrastructure, highlights the urgent need for more rigorous control measures, such as frequent inspections and mandatory compliance with hygienic-sanitary standards, along with educational actions for traders. Such measures are essential to ensure food safety for the population and prevent foodborne diseases.
Best Practices for Dental Care in High-Risk Cardiac Patients
Authors: Pandey Ashish
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and managing dental care in high-risk cardiac patients presents unique challenges. The relationship between oral health and cardiovascular conditions highlights the importance of preventive and therapeutic dental interventions to optimize patient outcomes. This article reviews best practices for dental care in high-risk cardiac patients, focusing on pre-treatment assessment, oral hygiene protocols, antibiotic prophylaxis, and the management of co-existing conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.
Myth and Reality: Gender disparities in Brain Disease Narratives
Authors: Torres Caro Laura
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study analyzes the changing roles of women in relation to brain diseases, focusing on their emotional experiences and the disparity between reality and fiction regarding gender equality in this context. Methodoloy: The qualitative methodology used in this study is based on the narrative analysis of the autobiographical novel “La chica de la parada mental. No pierdas el tren” (2023) by Laura Torres-Caro. The study explores the challenges women face with symptoms of brain injuries, often misinterpreted as psychiatric issues. Discussion: The study highlights how trauma narratives allow affected individuals to confront their condition and recover their identity. Women with neurological or chronic conditions often experience disbelief and isolation, comparable to the mythological figure of Cassandra, whose wisdom was ignored, leading her to solitude. The research aims to understand symbolic representations of gender in brain disease from a mythological perspective to promote gender equity in healthcare. Conclusions: It examines how myths contribute to gender inequality and emotional vulnerability, emphasizing the wisdom and knowledge of women that are often dismissed in patriarchal societies.
ЛАБОРАТОРНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТІН З ЦЕГЛЯНОГО МУРУВАННЯ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ВПЛИВУ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ СЕЙСМІЧНОГО ВПЛИВУ
Authors: Мурашко О. В. , Волощук В. В.
Published: February 2025

У статті наведено результати аналізу методів випробувань стін з кам’яного мурування на дію сейсмічних впливів. За результатами аналізу, визначено що існуючі методики випробувань фрагментів кладки стін дозволяють досить точно визначити вплив сейсмічної складової, але не всі з них мають можливість врахувати вертикальну складову сейсмічного навантаження. З усього різноманіття виконаних раніше досліджень обрані оптимальні способи випробування фрагментів стін з кам’яного мурування, а на їхній базі дороблена методика, що описана в даній статті.
Запропонована методика дає можливість перевірити фрагменти стін на сейсмічні впливи з урахуванням впливу вертикальної складової. Випробування проводяться в 2 етапи: застосування вертикальних статичних навантажень і поетапне застосування навантажень, що виникають від сейсмічних впливів. Особливістю є те, що поетапно додаватиметься не лише горизонтальне навантаження, а й відповідна вертикальна складова сейсмічного впливу.
Confesar el hecho, justificar el delito. Ideal de la maternidad y defensa de la familia legítima en Yucatán (1870–1906)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sanz Reyes Sara
Published: February 2025

This article presents a discourse analysis of the confessions made by individuals accused of infanticide, abortion, and infant abandonment in Yucatán between 1870 and 1906. The objective is to examine how women and men handled their confessions – whether they admitted the facts, denied them, or constructed their innocence through justifications. The study employs Critical Discourse Analysis tools, focusing on the pragmatic level by reviewing the enunciation context and the outcomes expressed in the judicial sentences. Fourteen cases were analyzed, encompassing three crimes that historiography has recognized as closely related within a semantic field concerning the conception of sexuality and motherhood during the study period. The findings highlight the function of confessions during the oral stage of legal proceedings, where defendants presented their accounts before authorities and defended their involvement in the alleged crimes. These statements, along with judicial interpretations, defense arguments, and expert reports, contributed to the construction of the legal discourse on motherhood, paternity, and the legitimacy of children in 19th-century Yucatán.