bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. XXIV. PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF PROPANAL TO 1,3‐CYCLOHEXADIENE
Authors: SHIMA K. , KUBOTA T. , SAKURAI H.
Published: March 2016

Die 55‐stündige Bestrahlung eines Gemisches aus dem Dien (I) und dem Aldehyd (II) liefert die Oxetane (III) und (IV) im Verhältnis 70 : 10 sowie Cyclohexadiendimere.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON LEUCKART‐WALLACH REACTION PATHS
Authors: ITO K. , OBA H. , SEKIYA M.
Published: March 2016

Der Mechanismus der Titelreaktion (reduktive Aminierung von Aldehyden und Ketonen) wird an den Beispielen Benzaldehyd und Cyclohexanon durch Variation der Reaktionsbedingungen (Einsatz von Formamid, Ammoniumformiat, Ameisensäure, Additiven wie Benzylamin) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIFUNCTIONAL HYDROLYTIC CATALYSES. V. THE REACTION OF O‐SUBSTITUTED BENZOHYDROXAMIC ACIDS AND P‐NITROPHENYL ACETATE
Authors: KUNITAKE T. , OKAHATA Y. , ANDO R. , HIROTSU S.
Published: March 2016

N‐Methylphthalohydroxamsäure, deren Anhydrid (II) aus dem Anhydrid (I) mit dem Hydrochlorid des N‐Methylhydroxylamins in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin bei 30 minütigem Erhitzen auf 100°C in DMF erhalten wird, reagiert mit dem Acetat (III) unter Umesterung zum Acetylderivat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOMERCURATION. XIII. ALLENE AMINATION
Authors: HODJAT‐KACHANI H. , PERIE J. J. , LATTES A.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung des Allens (I) mit Anilin und Quecksilber(II)‐acetat sowie anschließende Entmetallierung der Organo‐Quecksilberverbindung (III) erhält man das ungesättigte Amin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SOUTH AFRICAN PLANT EXTRACTIVES. PART III. HELICHRYSIN, A NEW CHALCONE GLUCOSIDE FROM A HELICHRYSUM SPECIES
Authors: WRIGHT W. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wurde aus den Blumen einer Helichrysum Spezies durch sukzessive Hexan‐, Äther‐ und Aceton‐Extraktion isoliert und durch NMR‐ und elektronenspektroskopische Daten sowie Hydrolyse und Methylierung charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF CARBOTHIOAMIDES, XXXV. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON TERTIARY THIOAMIDE‐S‐OXIDES
Authors: WALTER W. , BAUER O. H.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellung kristalliner tertiärer Thioamid‐S‐oxide, wie z.B. (II), gelingt durch HgOz‐Oxidation der entsprechenden Thioamide (I) in Eisessig.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF UNSYMMETRICAL THIOCARBONYL DISULFIDES
Authors: KATADA T. , TSUJI S. , SUGIYAMA T. , KATO S. , MIZUTA M.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Dithiocarbonsäuresalzen (I) und Sulfenylchloriden (II) zugänglichen Thiocarbonyldisulfide (III) werden teilweise durch Triphenylphosphin oder Piperidin entsprechend dem Formelschema gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF SULFINES. PART 32. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF (PHENYLSULFONYL)KETENE DIMETHYL DITHIOACETAL MONOXIDE
Authors: VEENSTRA G. E. , ZWANENBURG B.
Published: March 2016

Das Dithioacetat (I) wird mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure (Ox.) zum Sulfin (II) oxidiert, das mit Methylmercaptan/ZnC12 in die Ausgangsverbindung (I) zurückverwandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYZED INSERTION REACTIONS INTO ALCOHOLIC HYDROXYL GROUPS BY DIAZO DERIVATIVES OF COMPOUNDS WITH ACTIVATED METHYLENE GROUPS
Authors: FERDINAND G. , JEBLICK W. , SCHANK K.
Published: March 2016

Aus carbonyl‐ und sulfonyl‐aktivierten Methylenverbindungen (I) sind entsprechende Diazoverbindungen (II) erhältlich, die mit entsprechenden aliphatischen Alkoholen (III) unter OH‐Insertion zu den Verbindungen (IV) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ATTEMPTED SYNTHESIS OF DIALKYLAMINOETHYLETHERS OF α‐(2‐PHENYLINDOL‐3‐YL)BENZYLALCOHOLS‐ UNEXPECTED FORMATION OF α′α‐DI(2‐PHENYLINDOL‐3‐YL) DIBENZYL ETHERS
Authors: GADGINAMATH G. S. , SIDDAPPA S.
Published: March 2016

Die 2‐Phenyl‐3‐benzoyl‐indol‐Derivate (I) werden zu den Carbinolen (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYLENIC KETONES. PART III. REACTION OF ACETYLENIC KETONES WITH NUCLEOPHILIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS
Authors: BADDAR F. G. , AL‐HAJJAR F. H. , EL‐RAYYES N. R.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Ammoniumdithiocarbaminat (II) erhält man aus den Aryl‐aroyl‐acetylenen (I) die beiden Schwefelverbindungen (III) und (IV), während z.B. mit Natriumsulfid nur (III) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐THIAZOLIDINONES‐ SYNTHESIS AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF 5‐METHYL‐3‐ARYL‐2‐ARYLIMINO‐4‐THIAZOLIDINONES AND THEIR ACETOXYMERCURI DERIVATIVES
Authors: SINGH S. R.
Published: March 2016

Die symmetrischen N,N′‐ Diarylthioharnstoffe (II) reagieren mit 2‐Chlorpropionsäure (I) zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PYRIDINIUM YLIDES WITH DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE. A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF Δ2‐1,3,4‐OXADIAZOLINES
Authors: MUKAIYAMA T. , ATSUMI K. , TAKEDA T.
Published: March 2016

Die Pyridiniumbromide (I) ergeben in Acetonitril mit Azodicarbonsäurediäthylester (II) in Gegenwart von Kaliumcarbonat die Oxadiazoline (III), die durch Trifluormethansulfonsäure in Dimethylformamid zu den Estern (IV) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SEVERAL NUCLEOPHILES WITH QUATERNARY SALTS OF NICOTINAMIDE
Authors: MINATO H. , YAMAZAKI E. , KOBAYASHI M.
Published: March 2016

Das Pyridiniumchlorid (I) trimerisiert bei Behandlung mit Natronlauge zur Verbindung (II) und bildet in Gegenwart von Natriummethylat das Ylid (III), das mit der Nitrosoverbindung (IV) unter Bildung von (V) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐ AND 1,7‐NAPHTHYRIDIN‐4(1H)‐ONES
Authors: WALRAVEN H. G. M , CHOUDRY G. G. , PANDIT U. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion des 3‐Aminopyridins (I) mit den β‐Ketoestern (II) liefert die 3‐Aminoacrylsäure ester (III), die beim Erhitzen mit siedendem Diphenyläther unter verdünnten Bedingungen eine Mischung der Naphthyridinone (IV) und (V) im Verhältnis 4:1 bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF 3‐(2′,4′‐XYLYL)‐1H,3H‐QUINAZOLINE‐2,4‐DIONES
Authors: VIGNE C. , BUTI M. , MONTGINOUL C. , TORREILLES E. , GIRAL L.
Published: March 2016

Isatosäureanhydrid (I) liefert mit Thionylchlorid das Chlorcarbonylisocyanat (II), das mit Aminen (III) zu (IV) und (V) kondensiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: AMIDINOACETAMIDES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINES, IMIDAZOLES, AND PURINES
Authors: KEIR W. F. , WOOD H. C. S.
Published: March 2016

Die substituierten Amidinoacetamide (Ia) und ihre 2‐Phenylazo‐Derivate (Ib) cyclisieren mit Formamid (II) zu den entsprechenden Pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐onen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRAZONES OF PIPERIDINO‐N‐ACETOHYDRAZIDE AND MORPHOLINO‐N‐ACETOHYDRAZIDE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL INTEREST
Authors: JIGAJINNI V. B. , BENNUR S. C. , BENNUR R. S. , BADIGER V. V.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Ester (I) mit Hydrazinhydrat und dann mit den Aldehyden (III) gelangt man über (II) zu den Verbindungen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 12H‐NAPHTHO(1′,2′‐5,6)PYRANO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ROMA G. , ERMILI A. , MAZZEI M.
Published: March 2016

Die Kondensation von 1‐Oxo‐2‐formyl‐3‐dimethylamino‐naphthopyran (I) mit Amidinen, Guanidin, O‐Methylisoharnstoff, S‐Methyl‐isothioharnstoff (II) liefert über (III) die kondensierten Pyrimidine (IV); in wasserfreiem Pyridin entsteht aus (I) mit O‐Methylisoharnstoff ein Dimeres (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐METHYLSULFONYL‐3H‐BENZ(D)AZEPINE
Authors: TAKEUCHI I. , OZAWA I. , HAMADA Y. , MASUDA H. , HIROTA M.
Published: March 2016

Isochinolin‐N‐oxid (I) ergibt mit Dimethylsulfoxid/Natriumhydrid bei 70°C ein Gemisch aus Naphthalin (III) und dem Benzazepin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS BY METAL COMPLEXES. XXXIX. SYNTHESIS OF SOME PHOSPHINES CONTAINING CHIRAL SUBSTITUENTS
Authors: BENES J. , HETFLEJS J.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellungen der Amino‐, Alkoxy‐ und tert.‐Phosphine (I)‐(IX), die chirale Substituenten besitzen, werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CLUSTERS IN CATALYSIS. VIII. REDUCTION OF TRIPLE BONDS
Authors: MUETTERTIES E. L.
Published: March 2016

Diskussion der Reduktion der Dreifachbindungen in einfachen Molekülen wie N2, CO, RCN, RNC, RN; und RCECR unter Berücksichtigung von Strukturmodellen wie terminale Zweizen‐ trenbindung, einkernige af‐Ligandbindung, Drei‐ und Vierzentren‐Brückenbindung, o2‐Zweikernwechselwirkung sowie Mr, u3‐ und maß‐Wechselwirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYL CLEAVAGES FROM ORGANOMERCURIALS. 2. ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESS WITH HEXACHLOROIRIDATE(IV)
Authors: CHEN J. Y. , GARDNER H. C. , KOCHI J. K.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Alkylabspaltung aus Organo‐Hg‐Verbindungen (I) durch Hexachloroiridationen erfolgt zunächst in einem geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt Elektronenübertragung, gefolgt von der Homolyse der Hg‐Alkyl‐Bindung.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMALLY INDUCED HYDROGEN MIGRATIONS IN TRICARBONYL(η‐METHOXYCYCLOHEXA‐1,3‐DIENE)IRON COMPLEXES
Authors: HINE K. E. , JOHNSON B. F. G. , LEWIS J.
Published: March 2016

Der exo‐Komplex (I) liefert beim Erhitzen in Heptan eine Mischung der Isomeren (II) und (III) neben einer geringen Menge des Komplexes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐STABILIZED GERMYLENES, IV. NITROGEN‐GERMANIUM AND OXYGEN‐GERMANIUM YLIDE COMPLEXES FROM CHROMIUM, TUNGSTEN, MANGANESE, AND IRON
Authors: JUTZI P. , STEINER W.
Published: March 2016

Die photochemische Umsetzung der basenstabilisierten Germylene, Dichlor‐(l ,4‐dioxan)‐ und Dichlor‐(benzothiazol)‐germylen, mit verschiedenen Cr‐, W‐, Mn‐ und Fe‐carbonyl‐Komplexen führt zu den entsprechenden N‐Ge‐ bzw. O‐Ge‐Ylid‐Komplexen (I)‐(III), wobei Dioxan stets durch THF ersetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE LIGAND SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF SOME AMINOPOLYACETATONICKEL(II) COMPLEXES WITH REFERENCE TO ACTIVATION PARAMETERS
Authors: FUNAHASHI S. , TANAKA M.
Published: March 2016

Spektrophotometrisch werden die Substitutionsreaktionen einiger Ni‐Komplexe von Äthylendiamin‐N,N′‐diacetat, Nitrilotriacetat und Iminodiacetat durch 4‐Pyridyl‐(2)‐azoresorcinol untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED AMINE SUGARS. IV. SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW DERIVATIVES USING A HEXOSE‐SPIROAZIRIDINE INTERMEDIATE
Authors: BOURGEOIS J.‐M.
Published: March 2016

Bei Reduktion der Cyan‐allofuranose (I) mit LiAlH4 und anschließender Hydrolyse bilden sich das Sulfonamid (II) und das Aziridin (III) (Bildungsmechanismus); wird das Reaktionsgemisch von der Hydrolyse mit Äthylacetat behandelt, so entsteht überwiegend das Sulfonamid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 2,3,4,6‐TETRA‐O‐BENZYL‐D‐MANNOSE
Authors: KOTO S. , MORISHIMA N. , MIYATA Y. , ZEN S.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (IV) wird durch Benzylierungvon Methyl‐oz‐D‐mannopyranosid (I) mit einem Überschuß an Benzylchlorid (II) in Gegenwart von NaH und anschließende Hydrolyse des Pyranosid‐Derivats (III) synthetisiert und als p‐Nitrobenzoat charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PUMILIOTOXIN C
Authors: HABERMEHL G. , ANDRES H. , MIYAHARA K. , WITKOP B. , DALY J. W.
Published: March 2016

Die Kondensation des Esters (I) mit dem Hydrobromid (II) führt unter Cyclisierung zu dem als Racemat anfallenden Ester (III), dessen Hydrolyse und Decarboxylierung das racemische Octahydrochinolin (IV) als Stereoisomerengemisch ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF LEUCOMYCINS. XII. APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED POLONOVSKI REACTION TO LEUCOMYCIN A3 N‐OXIDE
Authors: NAKAGAWA A. , SUZUKI K. , IWASAKI K. , KAJI K. , OMURA S. , JAKUBOWSKI A. , TISHLER M.
Published: March 2016

Chemistry of Leucomycins.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW CAPILLARY‐TYPE CLOSED VISCOMETER FOR MOLTEN SALT RESEARCH
Authors: VAN OS N. , KETELAAR J. A. A.
Published: March 2016

Das Viskosimeter eignet sich besonders für präzise Messungen mit Flüssigkeiten, die hohe Dampfdrücke haben, stark korrosiv wirken oder mit der Atmosphäre chemische Reaktionen eingehen.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPETITION BETWEEN AMMONIA AND THE NITRITE ION AS LEAVING GROUPS IN COBALT(III) COMPLEXES. 3. HYDROLYSIS OF NITROAMMINECOBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: BALT S. , DEKKER C.
Published: March 2016

Die Kinetik der Aquotisierung der Komplexe (I)‐(V) in schwach alkalischen ammoniakalischen Lösungen wird mit einer spektrophotometrischen Methode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANION CRYPTATES‐ HIGHLY STABLE AND SELECTIVE MACROTRICYCLIC ANION INCLUSION COMPLEXES
Authors: GRAF E. , LEHN J.‐M.
Published: March 2016

Der bereits beschriebene makrotricyclische Ligand (Ia) bildet, wie NMR‐spektroskopisch gezeigt wird, mit F‐, Cl‐ und Br‐, nicht jedoch mit J‐ oder mehratomigen Anionen wie Nitrat, Einschlußverbindungen bei gleichzeitiger Tetraprotonierung.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSYLATION OF PHENETOLE
Authors: KUZNETSOVA S. S. , KOROVKINA T. YU. , SHARKOVA T. B.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von Phenetol (I) mit Natriumnitrit in 99,9%iger Schwefelsäure erhält man in 55% Ausbeute p‐Nitroso‐phenetol (II).
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM OF HYDROXYLAMINE ADDITION TO α,β‐UNSATURATED ESTERS
Authors: STAMM H. , STEUDLE H.
Published: March 2016

The Mechanism of Hydroxylamine Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF DL‐MUSCONE
Authors: BAUMANN M. , HOFFMANN W. , MUELLER N.
Published: March 2016

Aus Cyclododecanon (I) entsteht mit Butinol in Gegenwart von KOH das Addukt (II), das mit Schwefelsäure/Essigsäure zu (III) umgelagert und kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMYLATION OF DERIVATIVES OF 2‐PHENYL‐ AND 3‐PHENYL‐5‐HYDROXYBENZOFURANS
Authors: GRINEV A. N. , ZOTOVA S. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Vilsmeier‐Formylierung des 3‐Phenylbenzofurans (I) führt zu dem Aldehyd (II), der über das Oxim in ein Nitril und die entpsrechende Carbonsäure umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAHYDRO‐ AND OCTAHYDROPYRIDO(1,2‐A)PYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: YALE H. L. , SPITZMILLER E. R.
Published: March 2016

Die Hydrierung der Pyridopyrimidinone (I) zu (II) und (III) über Ra‐Ni wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLES. LVIII. SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVES OF 1,1‐DIOXO‐2H‐1,2,4‐BENZOTHIADIAZINE‐3‐CARBOXYLIC ACID FROM 2‐SULFAMOYLOXANILIC ACID ESTERS
Authors: PETYUNIN P. A. , PETYUNIN G. P. , BONDARCHUK I. I. , KOLESNIKOVA T. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Sulfanilamide (I) reagieren mit den Alkoxalylchloriden (II) zu Oxanilsäureestern (III), die mit Natriummethylat zu Benzothiadiazinoxiden (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: AXIAL AND EQUATORIAL PHOSPHORUS‐OXYGEN BASICITY IN A SIX‐MEMBERED RING PHOSPHATE ANION‐ EFFECT OF THE COUNTERCATION
Authors: HONG A. P. , LEE J.‐B. , VERKADE J. G.
Published: March 2016

Untersuchungen der Methylierung der aus der Säure dargestellten Salze (I) des starren sechsgliedrigen Ringphosphatanions zeigen, daß die nichtkomplexierenden Na‐, Cs‐ und Tetramethylammonium‐Salze (Ia) bevorzugt das in axialer Position veresterte Isomere (IIIb) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS‐CONTAINING PRODUCTS FROM THE REACTION OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOLS WITH PHOSPHORUS TRIHALIDES. 4. ALKYL SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON OXAPHOSPHOLENE FORMATION
Authors: MACOMBER R. S. , KENNEDY E. R.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Propargylalkoholen (I) erhält man mit Phosphortrichlorid die Chlorphosphite (II), die bei Ausschluß bzw. rascher Entfernung des gebildeten Chlorwasserstoffs zu den Chlor‐allenen (III) sowie den Cyclisierungsprodukten (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: EXISTENCE OF TWO ISOMERIC FORMS OF CHROMIUM(II) COMPLEXES WITH SATURATED MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS
Authors: DEI A. , MANI F.
Published: March 2016

Durch stöchiometrische Umsetzung von Cr(II)‐halogeniden mit den N4‐Liganden in DMFA entstehen die luft‐ und feuchtigkeitsempfindlichen Cr(II)‐Komplexe (I).
ChemInform Abstract: CATIONIC CARBONYL AND RELATED COMPLEXES OF PENTACHLOROPHENYLNICKEL(II)
Authors: WADA M. , OGURO K.
Published: March 2016

Der Chloridligand in den trans‐Komplexen (I) ist labil und reagiert mit Ag‐perchlorat in Benzol zu den Produkten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐ε‐ AND (‐)‐Γ2‐CADINENE
Authors: BURK L. A. , SOFFER M. D.
Published: March 2016

(+)‐e‐Cadinen (IV) und (‐)‐′y2‐Cadinen (VI) werden aus dem Enolätherketon (I) über das Methylenketon (III) synthetisiert.
Stroke and Systemic Embolism After Successful Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Expósito Víctor , Rodríguez‐Entem Felipe , González‐Enríquez Susana , Veiga Gabriela , Olavarri Iván , Olalla Juan J.
Published: March 2016

Background

Following successful cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation during typical atrial flutter (AFL), anticoagulation therapy is usually withdrawn. However, potential subsequent atrial fibrillation (AF) in these patients may increase embolic risk in the long term. Embolic rates in this setting have not been clearly established. Our aim was to determine the incidence of stroke/systemic embolism following radiofrequency ablation of AFL, particularly in those without a prior history of AF.

Hypothesis

After succesful AFL ablation, patients may suffer embolic complications in the long‐term follow‐up, mainly due to asymptomatic AF episodes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent CTI ablation due to AFL in our center between 2006 and 2009.

Results

During the study period, 188 patients (mean age, 62.9 ± 8.6 years) underwent CTI ablation; 120 without prior AF were included in the study. At the end of the follow‐up period (mean, 5.0 ± 2.4 years), 56.7% of patients (68/120) remained in sinus rhythm, 7/120 experienced a recurrence of AFL, and 45/120 (38%) developed AF. Ischemic stroke occurred in 11 patients and systemic embolism in 1. Of these patients, 5 had documented AF following AFL ablation. In the remaining 7 cases, previously undiagnosed AF was subsequently diagnosed at the time of stroke/embolism.

Conclusions

Patients with AFL who undergo successful ablation are by no means free from embolic complications during long‐term follow‐up, mainly due to a high rate of AF development. Given the difficulties in detecting AF and the uncertainty about the temporal relation of AF and stroke, oral anticoagulation may need to be continued in those patients with underlying stroke risk factors.
Accuracy of advanced cancer patients' life expectancy estimates: The role of race and source of life expectancy information
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Zhang Baohui , Shen Megan J. , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to examine the source of advanced cancer patients' information about their prognosis and determine whether this source of information could explain racial disparities in the accuracy of patients' life expectancy estimates (LEEs).

METHODS

Coping With Cancer was a prospective, longitudinal, multisite study of terminally ill cancer patients followed until death. In structured interviews, patients reported their LEEs and the sources of these estimates (ie, medical providers, personal beliefs, religious beliefs, and other). The accuracy of LEEs was calculated through a comparison of patients' self‐reported LEEs with their actual survival.

RESULTS

The sample for this analysis included 229 patients: 31 black patients and 198 white patients. Only 39.30% of the patients estimated their life expectancy within 12 months of their actual survival. Black patients were more likely to have an inaccurate LEE than white patients. A minority of the sample (18.3%) reported that a medical provider was the source of their LEEs; none of the black patients (0%) based their LEEs on a medical provider. Black race remained a significant predictor of an inaccurate LEE, even after the analysis had been controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and the source of LEEs.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of advanced cancer patients have an inaccurate understanding of their life expectancy. Black patients with advanced cancer are more likely to have an inaccurate LEE than white patients. Medical providers are not the source of information for LEEs for most advanced cancer patients and especially for black patients. The source of LEEs does not explain racial differences in LEE accuracy. Additional research into the mechanisms underlying racial differences in prognostic understanding is needed. Cancer 2016;122:1905–12. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
A Genuine Jahn–Teller System with Compressed Geometry and Quantum Effects Originating from Zero‐Point Motion
Authors: Aramburu José Antonio , García‐Fernández Pablo , García‐Lastra Juan María , Moreno Miguel
Published: March 2016

First‐principle calculations together with analysis of the experimental data found for 3d9 and 3d7 ions in cubic oxides proved that the center found in irradiated CaO:Ni2+ corresponds to Ni+ under a static Jahn–Teller effect displaying a compressed equilibrium geometry. It was also shown that the anomalous positive g∥ shift (g∥−g0=0.065) measured at T=20 K obeys the superposition of the |3 z2−r2⟩ and |x2−y2⟩ states driven by quantum effects associated with the zero‐point motion, a mechanism first put forward by O'Brien for static Jahn–Teller systems and later extended by Ham to the dynamic Jahn–Teller case. To our knowledge, this is the first genuine Jahn–Teller system (i.e. in which exact degeneracy exists at the high‐symmetry configuration) exhibiting a compressed equilibrium geometry for which large quantum effects allow experimental observation of the effect predicted by O'Brien. Analysis of the calculated energy barriers for different Jahn–Teller systems allowed us to explain the origin of the compressed geometry observed for CaO:Ni+.
Anaplastic Carcinoma Arising in a Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm Masquerading as Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: Aldaoud Najla , Joudeh Amani , Al‐Momen Sami , Alnahawi Mamdouh , Al‐Abbadi Mousa A.
Published: March 2016

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) of the pancreas can vary from benign to premalignant and malignant. Preoperative diagnosis is essential to offer the patient appropriate treatment. Occasionally these cases may harbor anaplastic carcinoma while clinically masquerade as a pseudocyst. Here in, we report an unusual case of a 37‐year old female presented with recurrent abdominal pain that was suspected clinically and by imaging studies to have a pseudocyst. EUS‐FNA with internal drainage of the cyst was performed. Cytological evaluation of the cyst fluid showed numerous inflammatory cells composed mainly of many neutrophils admixed with macrophages reminiscent of the usual pseudocyst content but there were scattered rare dyscohesive malignant cells which were highly pleomorphic with multinucleation. Immunostains on the cell block showed immunoreactivity of these cells including the multinucleated cells for Cam 5.2 and AE1/AE3 and focally for Ber‐Ep4, Moc −31, and CA19‐9. The subsequent resection confirmed the presence of anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma (AC) arising in a MCN of the pancreas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:538–542. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy
Authors: Greer Burke T. , Still Christopher , Howe Glenn T. , Tague Christina , Roberts Dar A.
Published: March 2016

Quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are found in diverse habitats throughout North America. While the biogeography of aspens' distribution has been documented, the drivers of the phenotypic diversity of aspen are still being explored. In our study, we examined differences in climate between northern and southwestern populations of aspen, finding large‐scale differences between the populations. Our results suggest that northern and southwestern populations live in distinct climates and support the inclusion of genetic and phenotypic data with species distribution modeling for predicting aspens' distribution.
Hydrogen Photoevolution from a Green‐Absorbing Iridium(III)–Cobalt­(III) Dyad
Authors: Jacques Alexandre , Schott Olivier , Robeyns Koen , Hanan Garry S. , Elias Benjamin
Published: March 2016

A bis‐cyclometaling ligand afforded a novel IrIII–CoIII dinuclear complex with vectorial electron transfer that evolved hydrogen gas upon yellow‐light irradiation. The supramolecular photosystem provided increased stability during photocatalysis with respect to that of classic bidentate systems.
Electrochemical Synthesis of β‐Cyclodextrin Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for the Determination of Hydrazine
Authors: Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Tsai Shin‐Hung , Chen Shen‐Ming , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Karthik Raj , Wang Sea‐Fue
Published: March 2016

β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via one step electrochemical potentiodyanamic method has been prepared. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to study the role of β‐CD on preparation of AgNPs and RGO. RGO/β‐CD/AgNPs modified GCE showed good electrochemical activity towards electro‐oxidation of hydrazine in terms of decreasing the over potential and increasing the peak current. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient (α) and diffusion coefficient (Do) of the modified electrode towards hydrazine were determined to be 0.66 and 0.97×10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively. The LOD of our sensor was many folds lower than that of recommended concentration of hydrazine in drinking water by United States Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.08 to 1110 µM and a very low detection limit (LOD) of 1.4 nM. In addition, the sensor selectively determined hydrazine even in the presence of common interferents.
Continuous‐Flow Preparation of a Magnetite@Carbon Composite for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Liu Yunfang , Ren Sen , Chi Weidong , Huang Qigu , Yu Changyuan
Published: March 2016

A magnetite@carbon (Fe3O4@C) composite is continuously synthesized by coupling microfluidic synthesis and spraying pyrolysis. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles have an average size of 9.5 nm with narrow size distribution. The porous Fe3O4@C composite used as lithium‐ion battery electrode shows a high reversible capacity (≈710 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1) with excellent cycling stability.
The Influence of Personality Traits on Emotion Expression in Bulimic Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Giner‐Bartolomé Cristina , Steward Trevor , Wolz Ines , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Tárrega Salomé , Fernández‐Formoso José Antonio , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: March 2016

Facial expressions are critical in forming social bonds and in signalling one's emotional state to others. In eating disorder patients, impairments in facial emotion recognition have been associated with eating psychopathology severity. Little research however has been carried out on how bulimic spectrum disorder (BSD) patients spontaneously express emotions. Our aim was to investigate emotion expression in BSD patients and to explore the influence of personality traits. Our study comprised 28 BSD women and 15 healthy controls. Facial expressions were recorded while participants played a serious video game. Expressions of anger and joy were used as outcome measures. Overall, BSD participants displayed less facial expressiveness than controls. Among BSD women, expressions of joy were positively associated with reward dependence, novelty seeking and self‐directedness, whereas expressions of anger were associated with lower self‐directedness. Our findings suggest that specific personality traits are associated with altered emotion facial expression in patients with BSD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Poor prognosis in human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas that overexpress hypoxia inducible factor‐1α
Authors: Swartz Justin Egidius , Pothen Ajit Joe , van Kempen Pauline Maria Wilhelmina , Stegeman Inge , Formsma Fleurieke Karlijn , Cann Ellen Maria Van , Willems Stefan Martin , Grolman Wilko
Published: March 2016

Background

Hypoxia induces stabilization of the transcription factor HIF‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), associated with (chemo‐)radiotherapy resistance in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We investigated the effect of HIF‐1α expression on survival in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal SCC.

Methods

We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of HIF‐1α protein expression and downstream targets carbonic anhydrase‐IX (CA‐IX) and glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT‐1) in 274 patients with oropharyngeal SCC. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed in total and stratified for HPV status and treatment.

Results

In HPV‐positive tumors (n = 44), HIF‐1α overexpression predicted worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.23; p = .012), whereas TNM classification or treatment modality did not. In HPV‐negative tumors (n = 218), advanced T and N classification and HIF‐1α overexpression all independently predicted worse OS. However, the effect of HIF‐1α overexpression on OS was lower in HPV‐negative (HR = 1.50; p = .024) than in HPV‐positive tumors.

Conclusion

HIF‐1α overexpression is associated with worse OS and characterized a subgroup of patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC with poor prognosis. Possibly, patients with HIF‐1α overexpressing HPV‐positive tumors should not be eligible for treatment dose deescalation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1338–1346, 2016
Individual and combined effects of noncontingent reinforcement and response blocking on automatically reinforced problem behavior
Authors: Saini Valdeep , Greer Brian D. , Fisher Wayne W. , Lichtblau Katherine R. , DeSouza Andresa A. , Mitteer Daniel R.
Published: March 2016

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and response blocking are 2 common interventions for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. We implemented NCR and blocking with 1 boy and found this combined intervention to be effective at decreasing high rates of automatically reinforced pica. With another child, we compared the effects of blocking alone to the combined intervention. With the third child, we compared NCR alone and blocking alone to the combined intervention. Results showed that the combined intervention was effective at reducing automatically reinforced problem behavior while moderate to high levels of item engagement maintained. When evaluated individually, neither NCR nor blocking was sufficient to reduce problem behavior to clinically significant levels.
The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid to Women's Equality Organisations in the MENA
Authors: Baliamoune‐Lutz Mina
Published: March 2016

We use panel data (covering the period 2002–2010) from 13 MENA countries and control for several relevant variables, including secondary school enrolments, adult fertility rates, autocracy, and official development assistance targeting family planning and reproductive health. The results suggest that official development assistance to women' equality organisations and institutions is effective in increasing women's political empowerment. We find that autocracy exerts a negative influence on women's political empowerment while higher adolescent fertility rates are associated with smaller proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments. We comment on the policy implications of the main findings. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of arteriolar blood volume in brain tumors using MRI without exogenous contrast agent administration at 7T
Authors: Wu Yuankui , Agarwal Shruti , Jones Craig K. , Webb Andrew G. , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Hua Jun , Pillai Jay J.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Arteriolar cerebral‐blood‐volume (CBVa) is an important perfusion parameter that can be measured using inflow‐based vascular‐space‐occupancy (iVASO) MRI without exogenous contrast agent administration. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential diagnostic value of CBVa in brain tumor patients by comparing it with total‐CBV (including arterial, capillary and venous vessels) measured by dynamic‐susceptibility‐contrast (DSC) MRI.

Materials and Methods

Twelve brain tumor patients were scanned using iVASO (on 7T as part of a research project) and DSC (on 3T as part of routine clinical protocols) MRI. Region‐of‐interest analysis was performed to compare the resulting perfusion measures between tumoral and contralateral regions, and to evaluate their associations with tumor grades.

Results

CBVa measured by iVASO MRI significantly correlated with WHO grade (ρ = 0.37, P = 0.04). Total‐CBV measured by DSC MRI showed a trend of correlation with WHO grade (ρ = 0.28, P = 0.5). The signal‐to‐noise ratio was comparable (P > 0.1) between the two methods, while the contrast‐to‐noise ratio between tumoral and contralateral regions was higher in iVASO‐CBVa than DSC‐CBV in WHO II/III patients (P < 0.05) but comparable in WHO IV patients (P > 0.1). A trend of positive correlation between DSC‐CBV and iVASO‐CBVa was observed (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.07).

Conclusion

In this initial patient study, CBVa demonstrated a stronger correlation with WHO grade than total‐CBV. Further investigation with a larger cohort is warranted to validate whether CBVa can be a better classifier than total‐CBV for the stratification of brain tumors, and whether iVASO MRI can be a useful alternative method for the assessment of tumor perfusion, especially when exogenous contrast agent administration is difficult in certain patient populations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1244–1255.
A multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust: Individual, dyadic, and cross‐level predictors of performance
Authors: Gupta Naina , Ho Violet , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Lai Lei
Published: March 2016

While it is generally known that interpersonal trust facilitates individual functioning, few studies have examined the role of specific features of the interpersonal trust network — individual, dyadic, third‐party, and network‐level features — on individual performance. We adopt a multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust to examine how individuals' performance is not only predicted by their individual‐level centrality in the interpersonal trust network but also moderated, at the network level, by the overall centralized nature of that network. Further, we examine whether mutual trust relationships at the dyadic level, as well as shared trust ties to common third parties, can predict individuals' performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 members in 15 professional networking groups and find that interpersonal trust operates at multiple levels to predict members' performance in terms of generating income from business referrals. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications on how interpersonal trust relationships operate and can be managed for performance gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety assessment of selected medicinal food plants used in Ayurveda through CYP450 enzyme inhibition study
Authors: Kar Amit , Pandit Subrata , Mukherjee Kakali , Bahadur Shiv , Mukherjee Pulok K
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica are mentioned in Ayurveda for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. These plants and their phytomolecules, such as andrographolide, bacoside A and asiaticoside, were studied for their inhibition potential on pooled CYP450 as well as human CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 by CYP‐CO complex assay and fluorogenic assay respectively followed by IC50 determination. Quantification of bioactive compounds present in the extracts was done by RP‐HPLC. Heavy metal content in the selected medicinal plants was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

RESULT

CYP‐CO complex assay indicated significantly less inhibition potential than standard inhibitor (P < 0.05 and above). A. paniculata showed highest inhibitory activity against CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 = 63.06 ± 1.35 µg mL−1; 88.80 ± 3.32 µg mL−1), whereas C. asiatica and B. monnieri showed least inhibitory activity against CYP1A2 (IC50 = 288.83 ± 1.61 µg mL−1) and CYP2C9 (184.68 ± 3.79 µg mL−1), respectively. In all cases the extract showed higher inhibition than the single bioactive compounds. The heavy metals content in the plant extracts were within the permissible limits.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggested that selected food plants and bioactive compounds contributed negligible interaction potential with CYP isozymes and may not possess any harmful effect with regard to their therapeutic application. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Using Molecular Simulation to Explore Unusually Low Moisture Uptake in Amine‐Cured Epoxy Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Hamerton Ian , Tang Winnie , Anguita Jose Virgilio , Pradip Silva Sembukuttiarachilage Ravi , Stute Thomas
Published: March 2016

Reinforced nanocomposites based on a diamine‐cured diglycidylether of bisphenol A are reported containing a monoamino‐substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) reagent and polyacrylonitrile fibers. Covalent incorporation of monoamino‐POSS at 2 wt% leads to especially attractive properties, including an increase (20 K) in glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability (increase in char yield of up to 5%). The addition of POSS (2 wt%) in the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) leads to a reduction in moisture uptake of less than 0.30–0.91 wt%, depending on relative humidity (after 6000 h), with little effect on Tg (reduction of 9–11 K compared with 11–22 K in the unmodified DGEBA). Molecular dynamics simulation is used to visualize the cured network structure of these nanocomposites, relating free volume to water uptake. Translation of the properties from neat resin to CFRP is very encouraging with a reduction in the equilibrium moisture absorption of up to 29% in the latter.

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Initiator and Photocatalyst‐Free Visible Light Induced One‐Pot Reaction: Concurrent RAFT Polymerization and CuAAC Click Reaction
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Xinbo , Xue Wentao , Chen Gaojian , Zhang Weidong , Zhu Xiulin
Published: March 2016

A new, visible light‐catalyzed, one‐pot and one‐step reaction is successfully employed to design well‐controlled side‐chain functionalized polymers, by the combination of ambient temperature revisible addtion‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click chemistry. Polymerizations are well controlled in a living way under the irradiation of visible light‐emitting diode (LED) light without photocatalyst and initiator, using the trithiocarbonate agent as iniferter (initiator‐transfer agent‐terminator) agent at ambient temperature. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), NMR, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) data confirm the successful one‐pot reaction. Compared to the reported zero‐valent metal‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction, the polymerization rate is much faster than that of the click reaction, and the visible light‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction can be freely and easily regulated by turning on and off the light.

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Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD): Monomolecular‐Step Growth of Polymers with Designated Sequences
Authors: Yoshimura Tetsuzo
Published: March 2016

Tailored organic thin films with designated molecular arrangements are expected to provide a variety of photonic/electronic devices due to their ability to optimize the performance or to generate new functions by controlling the electron wavefunction shapes. Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD), which enables monomolecular‐step organic film growth, is one of the promising fabrication processes of tailored organic thin films. In the present report, first, the concept and an experimental demonstration of MLD are described. Next, after three featured capabilities of MLD, namely, ultra‐thin/conformal, tailored, and selective organic film growth are presented, applications of MLD based on these capabilities are reviewed, emphasizing polymer multiple quantum dots we have developed. Finally, conceptual proposal of MLD for the molecular targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy is suggested.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PALF Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Nagarajan T. T. , Babu A. Suresh , Palanivelu K. , Nayak S. K.
Published: March 2016

Alkali treated pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were used as reinforcement in an epoxy matrix. The prepared Epoxy/PALF composites were evaluated for thermal and mechanical properties. Increasing the fiber loading in Epoxy systems showed considerable enhancements in mechanical properties up to the optimum level as compared to the neat epoxy matrix. In this study, the long fibers were used in unidirectional to fabricate the composites using hand lay‐up process. Embedded composites were characterized for Fourier Transform‐Infrared spectra (FTIR), Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strength. The mechanical properties of the treated composites were observed to be good when compared to untreated composites and treated composites gave increased mechanical properties and there is no considerable changes in the thermal properties. A comparative study in the epoxy matrix using treated and untreated fibers is elaborated. The enhanced properties of the treated PALF/epoxy composites, increases the scope of the application in automobile parts.
Neuropathological basis of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Adler Charles H. , Beach Thomas G.
Published: March 2016

Nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) can begin well before motor PD begins. It is now clear, from clinical and autopsy studies, that there is significant Lewy‐type α‐synucleinopathy present outside the nigro‐striatal pathway and that this may underlie these nonmotor manifestations. This review discusses neuropathological findings that may underlie nonmotor symptoms that either predate motor findings or occur as the disease progresses. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Rasagiline for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Hauser Robert A. , Elm Jordan J. , Pagan Fernando , Davis Matthew D. , Choudhry Azhar ,   for the MODERATO Investigators
Published: March 2016

Background

This study's aims were to determine the efficacy and tolerability of rasagiline, a selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor B, for PD patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods

Patients on stable dopaminergic therapy were randomized to adjunct rasagiline 1 mg/day or placebo in this 24‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multisite study. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 24 on the Scales for Outcomes of Parkinson's Disease‐Cognition total score. Key secondary measures included changes in cognition, activities of daily living, motor scores, and Clinical Global Impression of Change, as well as safety and tolerability measures.

Results

Of the 170 patients randomized, 151 (88.2%) completed the study. Change in Scales for Outcomes of Parkinson's Disease‐Cognition scores were not significantly different in the rasagiline and placebo groups (adjusted mean: 1.6 [standard error {SE} = 0.5] vs. 0.8 [SE = 0.5] points; LS means difference = 0.8; 95% confidence interval: −0.48, 2.05; P = 0.22). There were no between‐group differences in change in the MoCA (p=0.84) or Penn Daily Activities Questionnaire (P = 0.48) scores or in the distribution of Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Clinical Global Impression of Change modified for mild cognitive impairment (P = 0.1). Changes in motor (UPDRS part III; P = 0.02) and activities of daily living (UPDRS part II; P < 0.001) scores favored rasagiline. Rasagiline was well tolerated; the most common adverse events in both groups were falls and dizziness.

Conclusions

Rasagiline treatment in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment was not associated with cognitive improvement. Rasagiline did not worsen cognition, improved motor symptoms and activities of daily living, and was well tolerated in elderly cognitively impaired patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Is Bigger Really Better?
Authors: Woronkowicz Joanna
Published: March 2016

This study investigates the effect of a capital facilities project on nonprofit financial vulnerability metrics. The author employs a difference‐in‐differences technique to model the relationship between facilities investments and financial vulnerability indicators using data for a matched‐pair sample of nonprofit organizations that invested and did not invest in a facilities project. Overall the findings suggest that investments in facilities are associated with temporary increases in an organization's net assets ratio and decreases in its surplus ratio after a project is completed, and that the costs associated with facilities projects (for example, debt) place strain on nonprofit finances. The study's findings have implications for the financial management of nonprofit organizations, particularly in regard to the associated costs of capital expansion.
Magnetically‐Confined Fe‐Mn Bimetallic Oxide Encapsulation as an Efficient and Recoverable Adsorbent for Arsenic(III) Removal
Authors: Yu Li , Liu Huijuan , Liu Chunlei , Lan Huachun , Qu Jiuhui
Published: March 2016

Synthesis of bimetallic‐oxide‐encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles is still significantly challenging and has rarely been attempted previously, due to the effects of lattice mismatch, weak chemical interactions and variances in growth rates between different components, as well as the difficulty in process control for uniform co‐deposition. In the present work, Fe‐Mn bimetallic oxide (FMBO) nanoplatelet encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (Mag‐FeMn) are prepared by controlled engineering of the interparticle coupling of Fe3O4 and FMBO, with its multifunctional capabilities highlighted in terms of the potentially superior As(III) sequestration and convenient recoverability. Multiple characterization techniques are employed to examine the derived morphologies and to accurately resolve both compositionally and magnetically the hierarchical structure in detail. The synthesized magnetic composites retain highly porous structure with the main components of Fe2O3, FeOOH, Fe3O4, and Mn3O4. Mag‐FeMn exhibits a quite competitive high capacity for As(III) capture (56.1 mg g–1), whereby As(III) oxidation coupled with synchronous sorption contributes to the improved performance. The unique heterostructure of FMBO encapsulation with an embedded magnetic core would be applicable to help with rational synthesis of other bimetallic oxide encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles, and definitely shows promise for the development of new nanotechnology enabled approaches for adsorption‐based water purification.
On random k‐out subgraphs of large graphs
Authors: Frieze Alan , Johansson Tony
Published: March 2016

We consider random subgraphs of a fixed graph with large minimum degree. We fix a positive integer k and let Gk be the random subgraph where each independently chooses k random neighbors, making kn edges in all. When the minimum degree then Gk is k‐connected w.h.p. for ; Hamiltonian for k sufficiently large. When , then Gk has a cycle of length for . By w.h.p. we mean that the probability of non‐occurrence can be bounded by a function (or ) where . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 143–157, 2017