bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARTILHANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS SOBRE O “ARMÁRIO”: AS CONVERSAS ONLINE COMO PROCEDIMENTO METODOLÓGICO DA PESQUISA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL NA CIBERCULTURA
Authors: Do Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro , Ferreira Helenice Mirabelli Cassino , Oswald Maria Luiza Magalhães Bastos
Published: October 2017

Fruto de pesquisa de doutorado recentemente concluída, este texto propõe discutir a importância das conversas online como procedimento metodológico da pesquisa histórico-cultural na cibercultura. O trabalho foi fundamentado teórico e metodologicamente nos conceitos de dialogismo e alteridade de Mikhail Bakhtin, fundamentais na interpretação do material empírico produzido com um grupo de jovens no Facebook que não se identifica com a heterossexualidade. Gênero, sexualidade e as experiências no/com o “armário” foram alguns dos temas discutidos com os sujeitos ao longo do trabalho de campo, evidenciando a centralidade das conversas online no estreitamento dos vínculos sociais e afetivos entre/com o grupo de jovens internautas.
A FORMAÇÃO DO FORMADOR NA CIBERCULTURA E SUAS AS AMBIÊNCIAS POLÍTICO-FORMATIVAS
Authors: Santos Rosemary
Published: October 2017

Este texto é parte da pesquisa de doutoramento na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ - Proped e tem como objetivo compreender a formação do formador no contexto da cibercultura e como este vem estruturando sua atuação na docência universitária. O campo da pesquisa foi a rede social Facebook. Constituíram-se praticantes da pesquisa seis professores-formadores do ProPEd e seus orientandos. A pertinência desta pesquisa inscreveu-se num amplo movimento da perspectiva epistemológica da multirreferencialidade com os cotidianos e pelo método atualizado da pesquisa-formação. Como achados da pesquisa temos: a) a formação do formador na cibercultura forja outros espaços de pesquisa acadêmica e de criação de dispositivos online; b) é preciso continuar investindo na formação de professores para que o exercício docente esteja mais sintonizado com as novas demandas sociais, culturais e políticas da cibercultura.
The nutritional status and actual food of patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis
Authors: Kopchak Daria V , Zakrevskii Viktor V
Published: October 2017

The article presents the study of the nutritional status and actual nutrition in patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis under outpatient observation for subsequent correction of nutrition. The nutritional status and actual nutrition in the conditions of outpatient care was studied in 117 patients aged 18-60 years (60 men and 57 women) living in the service of one of the clinics of St Petersburg. Patients Body composition was studied by impedance monitoring with diagnostic complex “Diamond”. Power studied questionnaire-ballot method, and using the computer program “Analysis of Human Nutrition states” (version 1.2.4 Institute of Nutrition, 2003-2006). Characteristic body components imbalance in these patients on a background of excess weight and body mass index was an increase in fat mass and total fluid. Structure of food packages, and nutrientny caloric composition of the diet of patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis unbalanced and can not serve the purpose of preventing and treating this disease.
The classification of acute myocardial infarction types and the preconditions for its development. Type II myocardial infarction
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Yu , Dubikaitis Tatiana A , Frolova Elena V , Moiseeva Irina E , Zobenko Irina A
Published: October 2017

The article presents the concept of myocardial infarction of the second type in the context of the universal definition of acute myocardial infarction. The problem of differential diagnosis for heart attacks first vs. the second types is discussed.
Nuevos retos para las colecciones de arte contemporáneo
Authors: Picazo Glòria
Published: October 2017

Los responsables de colecciones de arte contemporáneo, a partir de las prácticas y las actitudes artísticas surgidas en la década de los sesenta y que siguen persistiendo hasta hoy, se han visto obligados a tener en cuenta los procesos previos de producción y de exhibición de una obra, para asumir los retos posteriores que esta planteará al integrarse en una colección. Han debido aceptar que el concepto de efímero es condición obligada en muchas ocasiones, que la temporalidad y el proceso no pueden obviarse, y que los archivos generados por los artistas pueden ser incluso más relevantes que sus propias obras. Y en cuanto a las performances deberán empezar a integrar la idea de “coleccionar espacios de tiempo”. Prácticas artísticas llevadas a cabo por artistas como Felix Gonzalez Torres y Tino Sehgal, con estrictos requisitos impuestos por ellos mismos para tener acceso a sus obras, pueden ser un buen referente a seguir para incorporar nuevas maneras de coleccionar. En este sentido los museos de arte contemporáneo deben encabezar y promover este tipo de acciones, dejando a un lado obsoletos modelos de coleccionismo.
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Pathophysiology and Surgical Approaches
Authors: Mardhika Putu Eka , Marta Ketut Kris Adi , Maliawan Sri , Mahadewa Tjokorda GB ,   Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.,   Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.,   Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Public General Hospital of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.,   Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Public General Hospital of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Published: October 2017

This paper reviews the pathophysiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and several surgical approaches for the treatment of CSM. CSM is a degenerative disease with severe morbidity. The pathophysiology of CSM involves static, dynamic, and ischemic factors. The management of mild CSM typically involves conservative treatments and medication; whereas, moderate and severe CSM are better treated surgically. Surgical treatments for CSM are basically classified into anterior and posterior surgeries. The common techniques are anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), laminectomy, and laminoplasty. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we review the research papers from PubMed database to elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Capital Market and Economic Growth in Transition Countries: Evidence from South East Europe
Authors: Njemcevic Faris
Published: October 2017

Influence of capital market on economic growth has been proven to be positive by majority empirical studies up to now. Throughout these studies, only secondary capital market indicators were usedwas extended with eight countries from Central and Eastern Europe to stabilize the model. A country dummy variable was used to distinguish between two regions. Data for panel regression was taken from GFDR, WDI (both from World Bank database) and one variable from UNECE. Results show that only market capitalization indicator is found to be significant, which is contrary to preliminary expectations. It was hard to expect secondary market activities to spur growth in transition countries, where primary issues almost do not exist. However, this result could be explained LSDVC regression tested endogeneity and reverse causality, and no significant reverse relationship was detected. The main conclusion of this study is that more qualitative research has to be done to discover the main limitations to capital market development in transition countries with more emphasis on primary issues, what could be of better use for policymakers.
Advances and constraints in conventional breeding of pigs
Authors:   North Dakota State University, USA, Buchanan David S.
Published: October 2017

Traditional methods of genetic improvement, both through selection programmes and proper use of breed differences and heterosis, have been effective in improving production efficiency. This improvement has been realized primarily in reproductive performance, growth rate and carcass composition. This chapter begins with a historical overview of advances in pig breeding from the end of Second World War. There remain needs for improvement in traits associated with efficiency, disease resistance, behaviour and longevity, and the next two sections review new approaches to genetic improvement with a focus on these traits.
Meeting amino acid requirements in pig nutrition
Authors:   North Carolina State University, USA, Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2017

Protein is one of the major components of the pig’s body, and dietary protein is the sole source of essential amino acids required for the protein synthesis for body maintenance, growth and reproduction. The protein synthesis is limited when there is a deficiency of any amino acid, and it is therefore important to ensure that feed meets the amino acid requirements of pigs at their various growth stages. This chapter reviews the principles and practical aspects of meeting the amino acid requirements of pigs, with information organized according to the growth stage and physiological status.
Recent advances in understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition
Authors:   Aarhus University, Denmark, Lauridsen Charlotte , Matte J. Jacques ,   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Published: October 2017

Requirements for vitamins in modern intensive swine production are still based on genetically outdated lines of pigs and production conditions which have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. This chapter describes recent advances related to the role of vitamins and their importance for some aspects of oxidative mechanisms, especially in relation to the development and competence of the immune system. The chapter outlines the potential contribution of both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and offers new perspectives on the relationship between vitamins and antioxidation capacity.
Las villas de Buenos Aires durante el siglo XX: imágenes literarias en perspectiva histórica
Authors: Snitcofsky Valeria Laura
Published: October 2017

A lo largo del siglo XX fueron tomando forma imágenes sumamente variadas sobre los barrios precarios conocidos como villas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Estas imágenes se pueden identificar en fuentes literarias tan diversas como crónicas, novelas, cuentos, posías, guiones de películas y obras de teatro que permiten indagar la historia de las villas durante el período abordado, ampliando los límites cronológicos y temáticos para su análisis. De este modo, al dar cuenta de una amplia diversidad de imágenes literarias, es posible recuperar la enorme riqueza presente en los múltiples enfoques que expresaron, de manera singular, su mirada sobre la vida cotidiana en los barrios más humildes de Buenos Aires.
Entropy and Geometric Objects
Authors: Schmitz Georg J.
Published: October 2017

Different notions of entropy can be identified in different communities: (i) the thermodynamic sense, (ii) the information sense, (iii) the statistical sense, (iv) the disorder sense, and (v) the homogeneity sense. Especially the “disorder sense” and the “homogeneity sense” relate to and require the notion of space and time. One of the few prominent examples relating entropy to geometry and to space is the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a Black Hole. Although being developed for the description of a physics object—a black hole—having a mass, a momentum, a temperature, a charge etc. absolutely no information about these attributes of this object can eventually be found in the final formula. In contrast, the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in its dimensionless form is a positive quantity only comprising geometric attributes like an area A—which is the area of the event horizon of the black hole-, a length LP—which is the Planck length - and a factor ¼. A purely geometric approach towards this formula will be presented. The approach is based on a continuous 3D extension of the Heaviside function, with this extension drawing on the phase-field concept of diffuse interfaces. Entropy enters into the local, statistical description of contrast respectively gradient distributions in the transition region of the extended Heaviside function definition. The structure of the Bekenstein-Hawking formula eventually is derived for a geometric sphere based on mere geometric-statistic considerations.
Making of Evalution’s Information System of Lecturer's Lecture and Major’s Service-Based Web in PTIK Major FKIP UNS
Authors: Rochmah Irma Nuur , Yuana Rosihan Ari , Maryono Dwi
Published: October 2017

The quality of education of a study program can be measured from the level of customer satisfaction with the existing service. In accordance with ISO 9001: 2008, an organization should measure and obtain information related to customers and customers. Measurements and information that can be done survey data on customer satisfaction. From this survey data, Informatics and Computer Education Study Program can follow which aspect need improvement for program quality. One way to get survey data by doing the evaluation. In the Study Program of Informatics and Computer Engineering, evaluation using application form online form. The study program does not yet have its own evaluation information system. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to produce information technology and pelaynaan web-based program in the Study Program (Prodi) Educational Engineering and Computer Informatics and to determine the level of the feasibility of information. In this study used research and development model with the first phase of the preliminary study, the second stage of product development and the last stage. At the product development stage is done by using software development model. From the stages of inputs obtained from the assessment of students on lecturers' lectures and prodi services in Education Program Informatics and Computer Engineering. The result of evaluation of lecturers' lectures and prodi services by selected students with their rena as output that can be seen by lecturer and admin. A system that can be used to help the services that have been given to the students, both in lecturers' lectures and prodi services. The results of this study, first, has created information and web-based programming services in Informatics and Computer Engineering Education Program, FKIP, UNS. Second, the feasibility of information and product and service development, Informatics and Computer Engineering Education Study Program, FKIP, UNS conducted by expert system with percentage 89,34% and get very eligible category, from material expert gets 91,76% with category very eligible and from the students get the percentage of 83.32% with very decent category.

Keywords: information system, lecturer lecture evaluation and prodi service, web
Bounded Rationality, Stock Mispricing, and Corporate Investment
Authors: Zhu Zhaohui , Huang Wensheng ,   School of Accounting, Zhejiang Gongshang University 18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha, Hangzhou, China,   Hangzhou College of Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, China
Published: October 2017

Although the effects of agents’ bounded rationality and stock mispricing on corporate investment is becoming a frontier research field in corporate finance, little research has been devoted to different channels of managers catering to agents’ bounded rationality and stock mispricing. With a sample of 2003–2010 Chinese listed companies, we investigate how firms cater to stock mispricing in their investment decision-making. The empirical study results support the view that managers do cater to investors’ perceived bias for investment in intangible assets and/or fixed assets and that firms’ financial constraints, market characteristics, and the myopia of investors are important factors in catering for such investment. Moreover, fixed asset investment may be a more important channel than intangible asset investment for managers when catering to stock mispricing.
Fuzzy Cognition on Factors Influencing the Co-Branding in Technical Standards Alliance – From Member Selection Perspective
Authors: Hu Jing ,   College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University No.258 Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China, Song Mingshun , Yu Xiao
Published: October 2017

Branding is an important resource in a technical standards alliance. As a kind of essential resource utilization pattern, joint branding is beneficial for the enterprises in an alliance in realizing the increment of value. The selection of a cooperative partner is the first step in co-branding, and plays a significant role. This paper emphasizes the critical significance of alliance member selection for co-branding, and regards it as a breakthrough point in analyzing the key influential factors and causal correlation of such branding. Through a combination of a fuzzy cognitive map and the non-linear Hebbian learning algorithm, this research establishes a fuzzy evaluation model, realizes the dynamic simulation of a complex network system with multiple causal correlations, and obtains a final steady state of co-branding for a technical standards alliance. Thus, it allows a better understanding of the mutual relations among the different influencing factors of co-branding and their effect, as well as the proposal of a reference policy for an improvement of such influencing factors and the conversion efficiency of the optimal results.
Wearable Hand Pose Estimation for Remote Control of a Robot on the Moon
Authors: Sugimura Sota ,   University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan, Hoshino Kiyoshi
Published: October 2017

In recent years, a plan has been developed to conduct an investigation of an unknown environment by remotely controlling an exploration robot system sent to the Moon. For the robot to successfully perform sophisticated tasks, it must implement multiple degrees of freedom in not only its arms and legs but also its hands and fingers. Moreover, the robot has to be a humanoid type so that it can use tools used by astronauts, with no modification. On the other hand, to manipulate the multiple-degrees-of-freedom robot without learning skills necessary for manipulation and to minimize the psychological burden on operators, employing a method that utilizes everyday movements of operators as input to the robot, rather than a special controller, is ideal. In this paper, the authors propose a compact wearable device that allows for the estimation of the hand pose (hand motion capture) of the subject. The device has a miniature wireless RGB camera that is placed on the back of the user’s hand, rather than on the palm. Attachment of the small camera to the back of the hand may make it possible to minimize the restraint on the subject’s motions during motion capture. In the conventional techniques, the camera is attached on the palm because images of fingertips always need to be captured by the camera before images of any other part of the hand can be captured. In contrast, the image processing algorithm proposed herein is capable of estimating the hand pose with no need for first capturing the fingertips.
Vision-Based Behavior Planning for Lunar or Planetary Exploration Rover on Flat Surface
Authors: Ejiri Riho , Kubota Takashi , Nakatani Ichiro ,   The University of Tokyo 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan,   Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
Published: October 2017

Lunar or planetary exploration rovers are expected to have the ability to move across an area as wide as possible in an unknown environment during a limited mission period. Hence, they need an efficient navigation method. Most of the surface of the moon or planets consists of flat ground, sand, and scattered rocks. In a simple flat sandy terrain with some rocks, rough route planning is sufficient for a lunar or planetary rover to avoid obstacles and reach an assigned point. This paper proposes an efficient vision-based planning scheme for exploration rovers on a flat surface with scattered obstacles. In the proposed scheme, dangerous areas are robustly extracted by processing image data, and the degree of danger is defined. A rough routing plan and sensing plan are simultaneously constructed based on the dangerous-area extraction results. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is discussed based on the results of some simulations and simple experiments.
Visual Monocular Localization, Mapping, and Motion Estimation of a Rotating Small Celestial Body
Authors: Takeishi Naoya ,   Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Yairi Takehisa
Published: October 2017

In the exploration of a small celestial body, it is important to estimate the position and attitude of the spacecraft, as well as the geometric properties of the target celestial body. In this paper, we propose a method to concurrently estimate these quantities in a highly automatic manner when measurements from an attitude sensor, inertial sensors, and a monocular camera are given. The proposed method is based on the incremental optimization technique, which works with models for sensor fusion, and a tailored initialization scheme developed to compensate for the absence of range sensors. Moreover, we discuss the challenges in developing a fully automatic navigation framework.*

*This paper is an extended version of a preliminary conference report [1].
Robust Wireless Communication for Small Exploration Rovers Equipped with Multiple Antennas by Estimating Attitudes of Rovers in Several Experimental Environments
Authors: Mikawa Masahiko ,   University of Tsukuba 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
Published: October 2017

We are developing a robotic system for an asteroid surface exploration. The system consists of

multiple

small size rovers, that communicate with each other over a wireless network. Since the rovers configure over a wireless mesh sensor network on an asteroid, it is possible to explore a large area on the asteroid effectively. The rovers will be equipped with a hopping mechanism for transportation, which is suitable for exploration in a micro-gravity environment like a small asteroid’s surface. However, it is difficult to control the rover’s attitude during the landing. Therefore, a cube-shaped rover was designed. As every face has two antennas respectively, the rover has a total of twelve antennas. Furthermore, as the body shape and the antenna arrangements are symmetric, irrespective of the face on top, a reliable communication state among the rovers can be established by selecting the proper antennas on the top face. Therefore, it is important to estimate which face of the rover is on top. This paper presents an attitude estimation method based on the received signal strength indicators (RSSIs) obtained when the twelve antennas communicate among each other. Since the RSSI values change depending on an attitude of the rover and the surrounding environment, a significantly large number of RSSIs were collected as a training data set in different kinds of environments similar to an asteroid; consequently, a classifier for estimating the rover attitude was trained from the data set. A few of the experimental results establish the validity and effectiveness of the proposed exploration system and attitude estimation method.
Recovery System Based on Exploration-Biased Genetic Algorithm for Stuck Rover in Planetary Exploration
Authors: Uwano Fumito ,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Tajima Yusuke , Murata Akinori , Takadama Keiki
Published: October 2017

Contributing toward continuous planetary surface exploration by a rover (i.e., a space probe), this paper proposes (1) an adaptive learning mechanism as the software system, based on an exploration-biased genetic algorithm (EGA), which intends to explore several behaviors, and (2) a recovery system as the hardware system, which helps a rover exit stuck areas, a kind of immobilized situation, by testing the explored behaviors. We develop a rover-type space probe, which has a stabilizer with two movable joints like an arm, and learns how to use them by employing EGA.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the recovery system based on the EGA, the following two field experiments are conducted with the proposed rover: (i) a small field test, including a stuck area created artificially in a park; and (ii) a large field test, including several stuck areas in Black Rock Desert, USA, as an analog experiment for planetary exploration. The experimental results reveal the following implications: (1) the recovery system based on the EGA enables our rover to exit stuck areas by an appropriate sequence of motions of the two movable joints; and (2) the success rate of getting out of stuck areas is 95% during planetary exploration.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Planar Travel Distance Sensors for Mobile Robots in Sandy Terrain
Authors: Yanagisawa Arata ,   Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, Ishigami Genya
Published: October 2017

A planar travel distance sensor (two-dimensional sensor) was developed for a mobile robot in sandy terrain. The sensor system uses an optical flow device integrated into a small module with a simple configuration. The system achieves a high sampling rate on the order of milliseconds as well as precise measurement on a sub-millimeter order. Its performance was evaluated experimentally for measurement accuracy and repeatability, velocity response, robustness at varied heights with respect to terrain, and terrain surface characteristics. The experimental results confirm that the two-dimensional sensor system is accurate, having an error of distance traveled of less than a few percent, and that it possesses a wide dynamic range for the robot’s traveling velocity. This paper also discusses the applicability of the two-dimensional sensor for practical scenarios on the basis of the experimental findings.
Nitrogen Required for Acceptable Centipedegrass Quality, Color, Growth Rate, and Nitrate Leaching
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Trenholm Laurie E.
Published: October 2017

In northern Florida, nitrogen (N) application recommendations for centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] range from 49 to 98 kg ha−1 yr−1. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum amount of N necessary to produce acceptable quality centipedegrass while also measuring the influence of irrigation rate on color, growth rate, and NO3–N leaching. Nitrogen was applied at rates of 18, 36, 74, and 147 kg ha−1 yr−1 split evenly into three application cycles in 2006 and again in 2007 to common centipedegrass. Acceptable turf quality and color was produced by N applied at 18 kg ha−1 yr−1 during all cycles. Turf color and quality increased with increasing N rate (NR) for yearly average and many of the cycles. Nitrate N leaching was equivalent for NRs 18 and 147 kg ha−1 yr−1. However, when NRs increased from 18 to 36 and 74 kg ha−1 yr−1, annual NO3–N leaching was reduced by ∼50%. Current recommended NRs may be more than is necessary to produce acceptable quality centipedegrass; however, the rates do not pose an increased risk to NO3–N leaching.
Putting Green Reestablishment Following Winterkill
Authors: Frank Kevin W. , Bogle Erica N. , Bryan Jeff M. , Vargas J.M.
Published: October 2017

Reestablishing cool‐season turfgrass following winterkill can be difficult because of below‐optimum temperatures in the spring. The research objectives were to determine the effects of fertilizer program, cover, and seeding creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) or annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) on putting green reestablishment. Research was conducted at the Hancock Turfgrass Research Center (HTRC), East Lansing, MI. Winterkill was simulated by applying a nonselective herbicide to a different creeping bentgrass putting green in each year. ‘Penn A‐4’, ‘Providence’, and ‘Alpha’ creeping bentgrass were seeded at 10 g m−2. Annual bluegrass florets were applied at a rate of 2500 florets m−2. A 0.1‐mm clear polyethylene cover or a noncovered control were initiated at seedling emergence. The fertilizer treatments were urea applied at 5 g N m−2 every 7 d or a starter fertilizer applied at 15 g N m−2 every 21 d. Turfgrass cover was rated visually on a scale from 0 to 100%. There were significant differences between annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass cultivars. Annual bluegrass had the lowest percentage turfgrass cover on all dates. There were significant differences among creeping bentgrass cultivars on two dates and between fertilizer programs on two dates. There were no significant cover treatment effects in 2007. On three dates in 2008, the polyethylene cover resulted in 3 to 6% higher turfgrass cover than the uncovered treatment. Seeding annual bluegrass florets was not an effective method for reestablishing putting greens, and there was limited benefit from using protective covers to improve establishment rate.
Seashore Paspalum Cultivar Susceptibility to Large Patch and Fungicide Evaluation for Disease Control in South Carolina
Authors: Canegallo A. , Martin S.B. , Camberato J. , Jeffers S.
Published: October 2017

Large patch (LP), caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 2‐2 ‘LP’, is an important disease of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) in South Carolina. Two research putting greens were planted in 2005 at Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center (PDREC) in Florence, SC, and at May River Golf Club (MRGC), Bluffton, SC to cultivars SeaIsle 1, SeaIsle 2000, SeaIsle Supreme, Sea Spray, SeaDwarf, Aloha, and Salam. A split‐plot randomized complete block design experiment with three blocks at each location was conducted with cultivars as the whole plots and no fungicide or fungicides as subplots. Disease incidence (DI) and turf quality (TQ) were visually evaluated. Subplots were treated with fungicides three times in fall 2005 on 14‐d intervals. Epidemics of LP occurred at both locations in fall and winter months. There were no cultivar × fungicide interactions at either location. All cultivars were affected by LP and severely damaged in nonfungicide treated plots. The most susceptible cultivars at Bluffton was SeaIsle I and at Florence SeaIsle 2000. SeaIsle Supreme, Aloha, and Sea Spray were damaged less at both locations. Fungicides giving the best control were azoxystrobin at 0.028 g m−2 and pyraclostrobin at 0.079 g m−2 when compared with untreated control plots. Thiophanate methyl at 0.61 g m−2 performed well at PDREC but not at MRGC. No significant differences were found among chlorothalonil at 0.805 g m−2 and iprodione at 0.228 g m−2 and untreated control plots. We conclude that LP is a major disease of all tested seashore paspalum cultivars in transition zone climates and will require fungicide treatment for acceptable quality.
Physiological and Pathogenic Contributors to the Summer Decline of Roughstalk Bluegrass
Authors: Thompson Cole , Kennelly Megan , Fry Jack , Sousek Matt , Reicher Zac
Published: October 2017

Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) is a cool‐season perennial turfgrass species that is more sensitive to heat stress than other cool‐season grasses. This sensitivity has been associated with increased rates of respiration compared with photosynthesis, or an inability to hydrolyze carbohydrates to simple sugars for metabolism during heat stress, but may also involve common turfgrass diseases, since roughstalk bluegrass has been shown to maintain quality from repeated applications of strobilurin fungicides in summer. Our objective was to differentiate between physiological and pathogenic contributors to roughstalk bluegrass decline and determine the effects of strobilurin fungicides on its growth and physiology. Roughstalk bluegrass was treated with azoxystrobin (Heritage 50 WDG or Heritage TL) at 610 g a.i. ha−1 or pyraclostrobin (Insignia 20 WG or Insignia SC) at 556 g a.i. ha−1 prior to summer heat stress in field plots in Manhattan, KS, (2011 and 2012) and Mead, NE (2012). Fungicides improved quality and percentage green cover over untreated roughstalk bluegrass in all studies, but fungicides rarely affected rooting or rates of gross photosynthesis. Disease sampling did not reveal any fungal pathogen consistently associated with summer turf decline. Our data suggest that nontarget physiological effects of strobilurin fungicides likely increased quality and cover over untreated roughstalk bluegrass during summer.
Seasonal Cultural Management Practices for Aging Subtropic Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Greens: II. Mechanical Practices of Topdressing and Verticut Frequency
Authors: Park D.M. , Cisar J.L. , Fidanza M.A. , Snyder G.H. , Williams K.E.
Published: October 2017

To provide optimum playing surfaces, many golf courses have used ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars for greens, although little is known about regionally defined cultural management. A 4‐yr experiment was conducted in southern Florida, on a US Golf Association (USGA)‐specified green to examine the effect of topdressing and vertical mowing frequency on ultradwarf bermudgrass cultivars Champion, TifEagle, and FloraDwarf for primarily quality, growth, tissue N and K, and ball roll distance. Weekly topdressing during the wet season enhanced quality and reduced the presence of disease‐like symptoms. TifEagle increased aboveground growth when topdressed weekly compared with Champion and FloraDwarf. As the green aged, however, topdressing biweekly during dry‐season months became important for maintaining quality. Influence of vertical mowing on all observations and measurements were minimal and not consistent from season to season. Further long‐term research is needed to determine how changing mechanical management on a seasonal basis can optimize ultradwarf bermudgrass for quality, vigor, and performance.
Turfgrass Nutrient Management and Regulatory Issues in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Landschoot Peter J. , Carroll Mark J. , Goatley James M. , Turner Thomas R.
Published: October 2017

Water quality in the Chesapeake Bay has been impaired for decades from excess N, P, and sediment. As a result, the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (CBTMDL) program was established by the USEPA in 2010. This program requires each of the six Chesapeake Bay watershed states and the District of Columbia to develop watershed implementation plans to limit N, P, and sediment loading. Watershed implementation plans include sections on stormwater management and improving turfgrass fertilization practices in developed areas. As a consequence, legislation restricting use of fertilizer on home lawns, sports turf, and golf courses was recently passed in Maryland, Virginia, and New York, and a similar bill has been introduced in the Pennsylvania legislature. Depending on the state, turfgrass nutrient management legislation requires government agencies to establish certification programs for professional fertilizer applicators, restrictions on P fertilizer, limits on N fertilizer rates, and restrictions on dates and location of applications. Although most turf managers are adapting to current regulations, proposed plans for monitoring nutrient use and additional restrictions are creating concern in the turfgrass industry. Increased focus on the environmental impact of turfgrass fertilization practices has led to a renewed emphasis on research to determine if N and P inputs can be reduced without a significant sacrifice in turfgrass quality and performance.
Effect of Endophyte on Salinity Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Koch Eric D. , Honig Joshua , Vaiciunas Jennifer , Meyer William A. , Bonos Stacy A.
Published: October 2017

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important cool‐season turfgrass species that germinates quickly and is the main species used for overseeding on golf courses in the United States. It will be important to improve salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass as the use of alternative water sources (with increased salinity levels) increases. The natural Epichloë festucae var. lolii endophyte in perennial ryegrass has been shown to convey resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses but the role of endophytes in salinity tolerance has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether endophytes have an overall effect on salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass or whether salinity tolerance is specific to the genotype–endophyte combination. Four perennial ryegrass clones (two salt susceptible [Brightstar SLT clone 5 and Paragon GLR clone 4], and two salt tolerant [4501‐7 and 4540‐9])), with (E+) and without (E–) their natural endophytes were grown in control (1 dS m−1) and saline water conditions (15 dS m−1) for 10 wk. Treatments were applied using an overhead irrigation chamber in the greenhouse. Visual percent green, digital image analysis, clipping yields, shoot weight, and root weights were collected. In the Paragon GLR clone, the E– clone performed better than the E+ clone for all measurements when averaged across rating dates. For most of the clones, E–clones tended to be more tolerant than E+ clones except for 4540‐9 which exhibited the opposite effect. The natural endophytes in these grasses did not provide a strong positive effect on salinity tolerance among these ryegrass clones, however, there is some evidence for an endophyte–host genotype dependent response in salinity tolerance among specific perennial ryegrass clones.
Dollar Spot Control in a Creeping Bentgrass Golf Green with Two Commercial Products Based on Microbial Fermentation and Micronutrients
Authors: Gómez de Barreda Diego , De Luca Fabra Verónica
Published: October 2017

Dollar spot (caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) is one of the most important diseases affecting creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) golf course greens. The objective of this research was to test two commercial products for dollar spot control, one based on microbial fermentation and the other a micronutrient, comparing their control level with a synthetic fungicide (iprodione). The test was made over two dollar spot‐infected creeping bentgrass greens in autumn 2014 and summer 2015. In both experiments, the products inhibited the normal development of the disease at some point, although iprodione achieved a better control.
Evaluation of Agrostis Species and Cultivars and a Wetting Agent for Use on Golf Course Fairways under Reduced Irrigation
Authors: Golden Lisa C. , DaCosta Michelle , Ebdon J. Scott
Published: October 2017

Optimization of management practices and selection of turfgrasses with traits that help to prolong turf quality and function under drought stress are important factors for turfgrass success under reduced irrigation conditions. The primary objectives of our research were to evaluate the performance of standard and improved cultivars of three bentgrass (Agrostis L. spp.) species in response to a wetting agent and reduced irrigation under fairway conditions. Turfgrasses included ‘Penncross’, ‘L‐93’, ‘13M’, and ‘T‐1’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), ‘Tiger II’ and ‘Revere’ colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), and ‘Greenwich’ and ‘Legendary’ velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.). Irrigation treatments were conducted from June through August in 2011 and 2012 and included: (i) a well‐watered (WW) irrigated control and no wetting agent application; (ii) a drought (DRT) treatment that received no irrigation and no wetting agent; and (iii) a drought treatment with no irrigation but received two pre‐applications of a wetting agent (DRT+WA). Withholding irrigation in the DRT and DRT+WA treatments resulted in a decline in volumetric soil moisture content, visual turf quality (TQ), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) compared with WW plots; however, there were no significant differences in any of these parameters between DRT and DRT+WA in either year. Among the species, colonial bentgrass generally exhibited the highest TQ and velvet bentgrass the lowest TQ, which was associated with significantly higher thatch content (∼30%) for velvet bentgrass compared with other cultivars. Among the creeping bentgrass cultivars, T‐1 and 13M generally exhibited the highest TQ and NDVI, but were not significantly different from colonial bentgrass cultivars irrespective of irrigation regime.
Physiological and Quality Responses of Turfgrass and Ornamental Plants to Weather‐Based Irrigation Control
Authors: Kopp Kelly , Kjelgren Roger , Urzagaste Paúl , Dai Xin
Published: October 2017

At 600 L person−1 d−1, the United States has the highest water use per capita in the world. In urban settings, large portions of municipal water supplies are used for the irrigation of amenity landscapes, which often include turfgrass, as well as other ornamental plant materials. As water resources have become more constrained, irrigation technologies such as weather‐based irrigation controllers have been promoted as one component of comprehensive water conservation efforts. While weather‐based controllers have been shown to save water over standard, manually programmed irrigation controllers, the effects of their use on plant physiology and quality remain largely unknown. This study investigated the physiological and plant quality responses of a Kentucky bluegrass blend (Poa pratensis L.) and two perennial plant species [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold ‘Compactus’ and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.] to the use of three weather‐based irrigation controller schedules/depths and one standard, manually programmed irrigation controller schedule/depth. Kentucky bluegrass and P. lactiflora both exhibited physiological stress, as well as negative plant quality responses to the use of some weather‐based controllers. Further research is needed to identify weather‐based controllers that successfully combine water saving potential with positive plant physiological and quality responses.
The Presence of Silica Bodies in the Foliar Epidermis of Zoysiagrass
Authors: Ushilo Masakazu J. , Naganuma Kazuo , Matsuda Yasushi , Uchida Masaya , Klittich Daniel S.
Published: October 2017

The presence of silica bodies (SBs) in the foliar epidermis of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) is a special characteristic, the function of which is not well understood. To quantify the importance of SB, we evaluated foliar SB densities and sizes of five Zoysia species [Z. japonica Steud., Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Z. pacifica (Goudsw.) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki, Z. minima (Colenso) Zotov, and Z. macrostachya Franch. & Sav.] including three ecotypes of each species using tabletop scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that abaxial SB density was significantly higher (mean: 734.3 mm−2) than that of adaxial SB (mean: 317.7mm−2) in all species. Abaxial SB size was also significantly larger (mean: 80.0 μm2) than that of the adaxial SB (mean: 61.4 μm2) in all species. Zoysia japonica had significantly higher SB density and size than the other tested Zoysia spp. Location‐specific sizes of foliar abaxial SB were identified: large on the midrib, medium on other ribs, and small in the costal zone. These results support the hypothesis that foliar SBs of zoysiagrass function to protect rib bundles and Kranz anatomy from physical damages, and to assist light absorbance for C4 photosynthesis through inhibiting leaves from twisting. Further work assessing SB impact on growth efficiency, survival strategy, and the utility of zoysiagrass is needed.
Growing Substrates, Fertilization, and Irrigation for Creeping Bentgrass Establishment on Sand‐Based Putting Greens
Authors: Calvache Sara , Kvalbein Agnar , Aamlid Trygve S.
Published: October 2017

Growing substrates, fertilizer inputs, and irrigation are important factors for grow‐in of sand‐based putting greens. The research reported here was triggered by grow‐in problems encountered in 2015 after replacing garden compost with Sphagnum peat in the rootzone on a sand‐based green at the NIBIO Turfgrass Research Center, Norway. A pot trial was conducted with the same type of sand amended with: (i) 20% (v/v) garden compost, (ii) 10% (v/v) Sphagnum peat, (iii) equal volumes of (i) and (ii), (iv) 10% (v/v) Sphagnum peat plus lime (200 g CaCO3 m−2), and (v) 10% (v/v) Sphagnum peat plus phosphoric acid, 5 g P m−2. The amendments were tested with or without preplant application of chicken manure (5 g N and 2.5 g P m−2) and at the two irrigation rates: 3 and 12 mm d−1. The pots were seeded with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), and turfgrass coverage and clipping yields were recorded for 5 wk after seeding. Turfgrass coverage developed significantly faster and clipping yields were significantly higher after amendment with compost than after amendment with peat or peat plus lime. Incorporation of chicken manure did not enhance grow‐in on substrates containing full or half rates of compost but improved grow‐in on peat, especially when combined with phosphoric acid. Excessive irrigation had no impact on turfgrass coverage but reduced clipping yields on substrates containing compost, compost plus peat, or peat plus phosphoric acid. We conclude that the grow‐in problems encountered in 2015 were most likely due to inadequate quality of the Sphagnum peat.
Silicon Pretreatment Alleviates Drought Stress and Increases Antioxidative Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Bae Eun‐Ji , Hong A‐Reum , Choi Su‐Min , Lee Kwang‐Soo , Park Yong‐Bae
Published: October 2017

Drought is an important environmental stress that adversely affects plant growth and causes a reduction in growth. Despite the expanded areas of use and the increasing usefulness of the turfgrass, research on the drought stress on turfgrass is still insufficient, and there have only been few studies that investigated the effects of silicon on the drought resistance of turfgrass. This study was performed to determine the effects of silicon on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) after the application of drought stress. The daily amount of water or silicon solution was 250 mL per a pot. For 14 d, plants were treated with 0, 0.1, and 1.0 mM silicon solution for silicon treatments and with distilled water for the control. Afterward, the plants were exposed to a 21‐d drought treatment, but the control received water as usual. Compared with the control, application of silicon increased the fresh weight of shoots and roots, as well as water content. The silicon pretreatments before drought significantly decreased chlorophyll contents, electrolyte leakage, and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. However, the α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly increased. Also, the responsive activities of the antioxidant enzymes encompassing superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase, and peroxidase were significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that silicon could help Kentucky bluegrass perform better under drought stress by increasing their antioxidant activities while decreasing lipid peroxidation.