bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Major Factors for Success and Failure of Conservation Programs in Europe
Authors: Farwig Nina , Sprenger Philipp P. , Baur Bruno , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Brandt Angelika , Eisenhauer Nico , Ellwanger Götz , Hochkirch Axel , Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Mehring Marion , Pusch Martin , Rehling Finn , Sommerwerk Nike , Spatz Theresa , Svenning Jens-Christian , Tischew Sabine , Tockner Klement , Tscharntke Teja , Vadrot Alice B. M. , Taffner Julian , Fürst Christine , Jähnig Sonja C. , Mosbrugger Volker
Published: November 2024

In Europe, various conservation programs adopted to maintain or restore biodiversity have experienced differing levels of success. However, a synthesis about major factors for success of biodiversity-related conservation programs across ecosystems and national boundaries, such as incentives, subsidies, enforcement, participation, or spatial context, is missing. Using a balanced scorecard survey among experts, we analyzed and compared factors contributing to success or failure of three different conservation programs: two government programs (Natura 2000 and the ecological measures of the Water Framework Directive) and one conservation program of a non-governmental organization (NGO; Rewilding Europe), all focusing on habitat and species conservation. The experts perceived the NGO program as more successful in achieving biodiversity-related aims than governmental conservation legislation. Among the factors perceived to influence the success of biodiversity conservation, several stood out: Biodiversity-damaging subsidies, external economic interests competing with conservation goals or policies conflicting with biodiversity conservation were recognized as major factors for the lack of conservation success. Outreach to raise societal interest and awareness as well as stakeholder involvement were perceived as closely related to the success of programs. Our expert survey demonstrated that external factors from economy and policy often hinder success of conservation programs, while societal and environmental factors rather contribute to it. This study implies that conservation programs should be designed to be as inclusive as possible and provides a basis for developing a standardized methodology that explicitly considers indirect drivers from areas such as economy, policy and society.
A narrative review of the current available literature on the intersection between the climate crisis and paediatric surgical care
Authors: Patel Kavita , Ossig Anna , Kudsk-Iversen Søren
Published: November 2024

The climate crisis exacerbates health inequities, including in paediatric surgery, creating a vicious cycle. We sought to review (a) existing evidence on the connection between paediatric surgery and climate and (b) how this addresses the vicious cycle. A PubMed search was conducted on 23-08-2023. Articles not commenting on "climate change" and "paediatric surgery" were excluded. Included papers were categorised into emerging themes. Out of 151 search results, seven articles were included. The emerging themes related to "Effect of climate on paediatric surgical illness" (n = 3), "Effect of surgery on climate" (n = 2), and "Mitigating impact of paediatric surgery" (n = 2). Five articles were observational studies, and two were literature reviews, all papers published after 2020. We found limited primary research focusing on the intersection between climate change and paediatric surgery. Articles tend to focus on quantifying impact and mitigation, which does not lend itself to climate justice. The syndemic model of health focuses on the complex interconnections and pathways through which health conditions interact within populations to exacerbate adverse health outcomes. We suggest future research needs to be reframed, with the interconnection between health inequities, the climate crisis, and the wider health system addressed together.
Genome-wide methylation profiling differentiates benign from aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Jotanovic Jelena , Boldt Henning Bünsow , Burton Mark , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Bengtsson Daniel , Bontell Thomas Olsson , Ekman Bertil , Engström Britt Edén , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Heck Ansgar , Jakovcevic Antonia , Jørgensen Jens Otto L. , Kraljevic Ivana , Kunicki Jacek , Lindsay John R. , Losa Marco , Loughrey Paul Benjamin , Maiter Dominique , Maksymowicz Maria , Manojlovic-Gacic Emilija , Pahnke Jens , Petersenn Stephan , Petersson Maria , Popovic Vera , Ragnarsson Oskar , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Reisz Zita , Saeger Wolfgang , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Scheie David , Terreni Maria Rosa , Tynninen Olli , Whitelaw Ben , Burman Pia , Casar-Borota Olivera
Published: November 2024

Aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/adenomas are characterized by progressive growth despite surgery and all standard medical therapies and radiotherapy. A subset will metastasize to the brain and/or distant locations and are termed metastatic PitNETs (pituitary carcinomas). Studies of potential prognostic markers have been limited due to the rarity of these tumors. A few recurrent somatic mutations have been identified, and epigenetic alterations and chromosomal rearrangements have not been explored in larger cohorts of aggressive and metastatic PitNETs. In this study, we performed genome-wide methylation analysis, including copy-number variation (CNV) calculations, on tumor tissue specimens from a large international cohort of 64 patients with aggressive (48) and metastatic (16) pituitary tumors. Twelve patients with non-invasive pituitary tumors (Knosp 0–2) exhibiting an indolent course over a 5 year follow-up served as controls. In an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, aggressive/metastatic PitNETs clustered separately from benign pituitary tumors, and, when only specimens from the first surgery were analyzed, three separate clusters were identified: aggressive, metastatic, and benign PitNETs. Numerous CNV events affecting chromosomal arms and whole chromosomes were frequent in aggressive and metastatic, whereas benign tumors had normal chromosomal copy numbers with only few alterations. Genome-wide methylation analysis revealed different CNV profiles and a clear separation between aggressive/metastatic and benign pituitary tumors, potentially providing biomarkers for identification of these tumors with a worse prognosis at the time of first surgery. The data may refine follow-up routines and contribute to the timely introduction of adjuvant therapy in patients harboring, or at risk of developing, aggressive or metastatic pituitary tumors.
Immunoexpression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) in the placental bed of preeclamptic women of African ancestry living with HIV infection
Authors: Mlambo Zinhle P. , Sebitloane Motshedisi , Naicker Thajasvarie
Published: November 2024

Preeclampsia, a severe pregnancy complication linked to defective placentation, poses significant maternal risks and is characterized by dysregulated angiogenic factors, including placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). Women with HIV/AIDS and receiving ART may face an increased susceptibility to preeclampsia development due to immunological and angiogenic imbalance. This study investigates the immunoexpression of these factors in the context of HIV-associated preeclampsia, utilizing morphometric image analysis. The study cohort comprised 180 women, including 60 normotensive and 120 preeclamptic participants, further stratified by HIV status and gestational age (early-onset PE [EOPE] < 34 weeks and late-onset PE [LOPE] ≥ 34 weeks). Placental bed tissues were immunostained with mouse anti-human sFlt-1 and PlGF antibodies, and the results were analyzed using Zeiss Axio-Vision and GraphPad Prism software. sFlt-1 levels showed no significant overall difference between preeclamptic and normotensive women (p = 0.8661), though slightly increased in the preeclamptic myometrium, independent of HIV status. However, sFlt-1 levels were significantly higher in EOPE compared to both normotensive and LOPE groups. PlGF immunostaining also showed no significant overall difference (p = 0.7387) but was notably lower in preeclamptic pregnancies and significantly higher in EOPE compared to LOPE. HIV status did not significantly impact sFlt-1 or PlGF levels, although sFlt-1 was slightly higher in HIV-negative women, while PlGF was marginally higher in HIV-positive women. These findings highlight the complex role of angiogenic factors in preeclampsia pathophysiology and suggest that antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) may contribute to the dysregulation of these factors due to a heightened immune milieu.
Abfallwirtschaft der Zukunft: Designaspekte für Abfalltrennung im öffentlichen Raum
Authors: Rehwald Billie , Kladnik Veronika , Gök Betül , Hartl Barbara , Dworak Sabine , Schwarzböck Therese
Published: November 2024

Abfälle im öffentlichen Raum rücken zunehmend in den Fokus, da sie nicht nur sichtbar sind, sondern auch wertvolle Ressourcen enthalten, die bisher kaum getrennt gesammelt werden. Gleichzeitig mangelt es an Daten und Forschung, welche die Abfallcharakteristika sowie die vielfältigen Bedürfnisse der beteiligten Akteur:innen (Anbieter:innen, Instandhalter:innen, Konsument:innen) beleuchten. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie ein System zur Abfalltrennung im öffentlichen Raum gestaltet werden kann und welche Einflussfaktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen. Ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsprojekt bildet die Grundlage für einen Katalog von Gestaltungsempfehlungen, der sich in die drei Schwerpunkte Standort und Anordnung, Behälterdesign sowie Information und Kommunikation gliedert. Am Standort sind Faktoren wie Bewegungspfade, Abfalltrennfraktionen sowie die bestehende umliegende Infrastruktur relevant. Beim Behälterdesign spielen Funktionalität und vertraute, klar gekennzeichnete Behälter eine zentrale Rolle, die intuitiv zu bedienen sind. Kommunikation und Information sind entscheidend, um Konsument:innen zur korrekten Abfalltrennung zu motivieren. Eine einfache und verständliche Kennzeichnung der Behälter ist dabei von zentraler Bedeutung. Trotz des geringen Gesamtaufkommens hat der Abfall im öffentlichen Raum aufgrund seines hohen Wertstoffgehalts und Sichtbarkeit eine besondere Bedeutung für das allgemeine Bewusstsein zur Abfalltrennung. Die Studie zeigt jedoch auch Herausforderungen auf, insbesondere die Etablierung der Abfalltrennung als soziale Norm im öffentlichen Raum. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes, der Erkenntnisse aus Abfallwirtschaft, Sozialwissenschaften und Design gezielt verknüpft, um nachhaltige Lösungen zu entwickeln und Abfalltrennung im öffentlichen Raum zu fördern.
Plastic waste trade and international agreements
Authors: Ishimura Yuichi , Ichinose Daisuke , Nomura Kai
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of an international environmental agreement that requires prior notification from the country exporting plastic waste and approval from the country importing it. Using bilateral trade data from 2018 to 2022 and the difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we estimate the effect of the Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments (BCPWA) on the volume of plastic waste trade from developed to developing countries. We find that the plastic waste trade volume decreases by approximately 63.7% from developed to developing countries following the enforcement of the BCPWA. The findings suggest that an import licensing system and its enforcement could be effective in achieving international environmental agreements, even if it does not ban the import and export of waste. Our study highlights the importance of enforcement mechanisms in international environmental agreements and offers insights for policy design in future global resource management efforts.
Human factors and emerging needs in aerospace manufacturing planning and scheduling
Authors: Morandini Sofia , Fraboni Federico , Hall Mark , Quintana-Amate Santiago , Pietrantoni Luca
Published: November 2024

Planning and Scheduling (P&S) are critical components of organizational management that influence efficiency, overall performance, and human factors in the workplace. The aerospace manufacturing industry is experiencing rapid changes, marked by heightened demands for new aircraft and the need for precise task execution to accommodate increasing air traffic and rigorous safety regulations. This study explores the human factors and emerging needs in the P&S processes within aerospace manufacturing. A qualitative research approach was employed, featuring semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals from a prominent European organization. The participants, actively engaged in P&S operations, were chosen to offer diverse perspectives on their roles and the industry’s specific requirements. Results indicate that planners/schedulers, IT experts, and operations team leaders are crucial in ensuring efficiency throughout the various stages of P&S operations. The findings reveal that emerging needs encompass workforce and customer management (i.e., allocating human resources, responding to client requests, and addressing workforce resistance to new technology adoption), prioritization (i.e., scheduling tasks based on urgency, error susceptibility, and cost efficiency), and contingency handling (i.e., machinery availability, time constraints, quality issues, human performance variability, and weather conditions). These needs highlight the importance of considering human factors and cognitive aspects when designing and implementing P&S systems. The study underscores the challenges the aerospace manufacturing industry faces as it adapts to technological advancements and evolving market conditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of advanced P&S systems that integrate innovative technological solutions with an understanding of human factors and cognition.
Best clinical practice recommendations for the management of symptomatic hemorrhoids via laser hemorrhoidoplasty: the LHP recommendations
Authors:   The LHP Recommendation Development Group, Ambe P. C. , Martin-Martin G. P. , Vasas N. , Piponski I. , Roman I. H. , Hernandez J. D. P. , Ma H. , Lin H.C. , Weyand G. , Mazlan L. , García Flórez L. J. , Wolff K. , Dessily M. , Wang C. , Dobricanin V. , Yang W. , Bruketa T. , Zeng X.D. , Avdicausevic S. , Zhang Z.G. , Wais S. , Kalaskar S. , Cui Z. , Pestonit I. B. , Cao Y.Q. , Suárez Sánchez A. , Ren D.L. , Vargas Castillo E. , Zheng D. , Bogdanic B. , Wölk A. , Yao Y. , Issaad S. , Nasser T. , Guo X.T. , Nagar M. M. , Merkle M. , Ruiz-Lopez M. , Zhang Y. , Blumberg C. , Alam A. A. , Acosta A. C. , Schouten R. , Istok P. , Demtröder C. , Wang Z.Y. , Dong Q. , Wu J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) has emerged as a novel, minimally invasive technique for managing symptomatic hemorrhoids, gaining popularity among clinicians. Despite its increasing adoption, significant variations exist in the application of LHP across different practices.

Purpose

The aim of these recommendations was to spell out some basic principles and recommendations for performing a standard LHP procedure.

Methods

The Recommendation Development Group (RDG) consisting of surgeons with experience in LHP were invited to formulate recommendations for the procedure. The recommendations were generated following systematic literature research and discussion amongst experts (expert opinion) where no substantial literature was available. The developed recommendations were voted upon by a panelist via the Delphi process. Consensus was a priori defined as agreement of 75% and above, with strong consensus defined as 85% and above.

Results

The RDG developed 21 recommendations that were voted upon by 49 panelists. Consensus was reached for all 21 recommendations after the first Delphi round, including 16 recommendations with strong consensus.

Conclusion

The RDP offers a comprehensive suite of guidelines to enhance the safety and efficacy of standard LHP procedures. Out of 21 detailed recommendations, 16 reached strong consensus, collectively addressing the full spectrum of LHP procedures—from laser settings and preoperative preparations to perioperative strategies and postoperative care. This coherent framework is anticipated not only to standardize but also to refine the LHP technique across the board, thereby elevating the management of symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease.
Development of a daily coastal ocean model for Mississippi Sound and Bight
Authors: Cambazoglu Mustafa Kemal , Armstrong Brandy N. , Wiggert Jerry D.
Published: November 2024

The Mississippi Sound and Bight is a complex coastal system with shallow estuarine waters that are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and anthropogenic influences. In order to further our understanding of the system and provide natural resource managers and decision-makers with science-based guidance, a pre-operational coastal ocean forecast system has been developed using the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport Modeling System (COAWST). The COAWST application for Mississippi Bight (msbCOAWST) can be run in hindcast mode, pre-operational near real-time mode, or forecast mode and relies on other operational models including the National Water Model (NWM) for river forcing, the High Resolution Rapid Refresh model (HRRR) for atmospheric forcing, and the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) for open ocean boundary forcing. msbCOAWST is being validated using data from a variety of in situ measurements that quantify coastal processes, including tides and water quality parameters (i.e. temperature and salinity). The highest model skill is obtained for temperature followed by water levels and salinity. msbCOAWST has been used to provide guidance for quantifying how freshwater influences derived from river diversion operations impact water quality in estuarine waters. While the model is initially developed to study water quality and circulation in pre-operational near real-time and forecast modes, it is currently being extended to include waves, sediment transport, and biogeochemistry and also linked with habitat suitability models and ecological models in hindcast mode so as to comprehensively reveal consequential environmental concerns due to the onset and persistence of hypoxia, seasonal and storm-induced waves with their associated impacts on the region’s fisheries and shellfisheries.
Exploring the Coping Strategies of Bullying Targets in Organisations Through Abductive Reasoning: An Agent-Based Simulation Approach
Authors: Ho Chia-Hao , Campenni Marco , Manolchev Constantine , Lewis Duncan , Mustafee Navonil
Published: November 2024

Over recent decades, workplace bullying and other forms of ‘negative acts’ have become a phenomenon of global interest. Extant scholarship has recognized the negative effects, which escalating acts of verbal and physical aggression can have on individuals and the wider, ethical infrastructure of organisations. While previous studies have explored the antecedents of such negative acts and proposed various intervention and prevention strategies, there remains a critical need to examine the coping strategies employed by those targeted by bullying, particularly in instances where silence is the chosen response. In this pioneering study, we use primary data from two UK National Health Service trusts and agent-based social simulation, to determine whether it is possible to influence the coping strategies of bullying targets. Our findings suggest that perceived organisational support has a strong effect on changing bullying coping strategies, away from external (solicitors, Court of Law) and towards internal channels (colleagues, managers, etc.). We also find that TU membership can moderately influence a change in bullying coping strategies from doing nothing to taking actions. The article makes a conceptual contribution to the literature on coping strategies as a result of (un)ethical behaviour in organisations, offers methodological innovation and makes recommendations to organisational policymakers.
A local, non-commercial tissue bank connected to an organ donor program can produce musculoskeletal allografts of uniform quality at very low costs – ten years’ experience
Authors: Azkia Helia , Harritshøj Lene H. , Nielsen Connie , Agerlin Niels , Jensen Mette G. , Hillingsø Jens G. , Andersen Pia C. , Krogsgaard Michael R.
Published: November 2024

It is common practice that allograft tissues for knee multiligament reconstruction, meniscus transplantation, cartilage replacement and other advanced procedures are made available through commercial banks. The aim was to present the 10-year experience with a local, non-commercial tissue bank, established in 2014. The allograft bank was connected to an existing organ donor program. Following organ procurement, the musculoskeletal tissue is removed and stored immediately, fresh frozen to − 80 degrees Celsius (except hyaline cartilage, which is stored at 5 degrees Celsius). The donor is tested for contagious disease and the grafts for bacteria. When all results are negative, the grafts are released. When thawed before use a swap is cultured. Consecutive, prospectively collected data were analyzed. There were 31 donations, resulting in 1160 grafts. Only 40 grafts (3.4%) had a positive bacteria culture and were discarded. 552 recipients have been treated by use of these allografts. All grafts had negative bacterial cultures in swaps obtained before thawing, and there were no recorded transplantation related complications. The expenses for local grafts were 10–15% of the costs for grafts obtained from foreign banks. Through the local donation program, it was possible to establish a tissue bank with controlled quality grafts at minimal costs, minimizing the need for transportation of frozen grafts retrieved in other countries. Centers for specialized orthopedic surgery using allograft tissue can be self-providing and reduce costs by retrieving and handling allograft tissues locally.
Development of tailored polysaccharide gels through selective Diels–Alder crosslinking
Authors: Atmani Zakaria , Heinze Thomas , Gericke Martin
Published: November 2024

Novel polysaccharide gels were prepared by a covalent crosslinking of xylan and cellulose derivatives through Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition. For this purpose, polysaccharide carbamates were synthesized through a modular approach that incorporated either furfuryl or maleimide moieties for DA reaction as well as solubilizing tertiary amino or quaternary ammonium moieties that facilitated water solubility. All compounds were fully characterized with respect to degrees of substitution (DS) and molecular structures. Organogels and hydrogels were prepared by selective covalent crosslinking of the derivatives through DA reaction. The gelation process was monitored by rheological measurements to evaluate the kinetics with respect to different crosslinking conditions and the gels were characterized with respect to mechanical properties as well as drying and reswelling behavior. Moreover, several side reactions that occurred during the gelation were identified and it was possible to adjust the molecular structure accordingly to avoid these issues. Thus, it was possible to obtain novel polysaccharide-based organogels and hydrogels that displayed thermoreversible behavior, as well as good mechanical stability and re-swelling capacities.

Graphical abstract
Investigation of introgressive hybridization in endangered Sinohyriopsis mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) using genome-wide data in Japan
Authors: Ishii Yasuto , Kawamoto Youdai , Shirai Akihisa , Saito Takumi , Yamazaki Daishi , Ye Bin , Ito Shun , Kondo Takaki , Hirano Takahiro , Chiba Satoshi , Sano Isao
Published: November 2024

Anthropogenic hybridization is a global phenomenon and a major concern in conservation biology. Sinohyriopsis schlegelii (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae), native to Lake Biwa in Japan, is considered endangered because of its hybridization with an introduced Chinese species, S. cumingii. Although previous research suggested hybridization among Sinohyriopsis mussels, the research has failed to (1) evaluate the prevalence of hybrids, (2) predict the genetic consequences for populations containing hybrids, and (3) genetically assess a population devoid of hybrids. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gaps. We collected samples from all persistent populations in Lake Biwa, Lake Kasumigaura, and Lake Anenuma (the latter two populations were introduced from Lake Biwa) and analyzed genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data. Our findings demonstrate that hybrids are prevalent in Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura but absent in Lake Anenuma. The proportion of S. cumingii ancestry increased over the past 20 years, indicating that the genetic material of S. schlegelii may diminish further in the future. Moreover, the S. schlegelii population in Lake Anenuma shared genetic similarities with the pre-hybridization population of Lake Biwa. Although the Lake Anenuma population exhibited lower genetic diversity, no signs of inbreeding were observed. Overall, the Lake Anenuma population remains the only genetically pure S. schlegelii population, but its low genetic diversity indicates a reduced adaptive potential to environmental changes. This study provides valuable insights into the current genetic status of S. schlegelii, ultimately informing conservation efforts for this critically endangered species.
Effective Convergence Trading of Sparse, Mean Reverting Portfolios
Authors: Rácz Attila , Fogarasi Norbert
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces an effective convergence trading algorithm for mean reverting portfolios using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. Utilizing known techniques for selection of sparse, mean reverting portfolios from asset dynamics following the VAR(1) model, we introduce a 2-step technique to effectively trade the optimal portfolio. Sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) LSTM architecture is implemented to make longer term prediction of future portfolio values and establish a trading range. In addition, a simple LSTM network is applied to predict very precisely one time step ahead. Combining these two constructions, a sophisticated convergence trading algorithm is implemented which produced Sharpe ratios around 1.0 on optimal portfolios selected from historical $$ S[NONSPACE] \& P500$$

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on average.
Measuring transformation concerning climate change and extreme events at the regional level: actor needs and spatial assessment in the Cologne district, Germany
Authors: Fekete Alexander , Frick Claudia , Beckers Daniel , Hetkämper Chris , Holtmann Friederike , Laux Julia , Nehren Udo , Ribbe Lars , Becker Klaus
Published: November 2024

The article focuses explicitly on transformation and analyzes how it can be measured both quantitatively and qualitatively in a case study region in western Germany. It addresses blue, critical, and green infrastructures in a region that was affected by the 2021 floods in Europe. Together with regional actors, co-creative solutions for developing adaptation strategies and infrastructure planning will be developed. Using and combining different conceptual models and applying them to the project region as well as to human infrastructure highlights the different types of change and transformation. This also shows the complexity of such an overall assessment, which needs to include a lot of diverse actors and disciplines. The project's first results are overviews of national and cross-regional changes to infrastructures and administrative structures after the 2021 floods in Germany and at the district level. The interim results reveal that more needs and plans exist than real, measurable transformations and that certain transformations stem from planning long before the floods in 2021. Maps and land use potentials are presented that provide overviews of regional differences in flood, drought, and wildfire exposure and capacities for nature-based solutions. Both the conceptual models developed in this study as well as the application examples could be useful for other researchers and administrative bodies to measure transformation to climate change and other stimuli.
A Composite Microwave Cavity for Liquid Volume Fraction and Simultaneous Phase Permittivity Measurements
Authors: Tenardi Liam D. , Hopkins Matthew G. , Richter Markus , May Eric F. , Stanwix Paul L.
Published: November 2024

Microwave resonators are a technology with the potential to automate the rapid acquisition of vapour-liquid equilibrium data in multicomponent mixtures. However, the re-entrant resonators commonly used for fluid characterization have limited ability to mix or drain adequately due to the bulbs and narrow gaps used within the sample volume to spatially distribute the sensing regions with intense electric fields. This work describes a novel composite cavity combining two toroidal split-ring resonators and a cylindrical resonator, each sealed and partially filled with the polymer PEEK, to spatially separate sensing regions whilst maintaining an unobstructed sample volume. This unique design also allows for the total sample volume to be an order-of-magnitude smaller than conventional microwave cavities, without significantly increasing the resonant frequencies. Mass transfer between phases is facilitated by mechanical agitation, reducing equilibration time. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to model how the dielectric interfaces within the cavity perturb electric field distributions. This model is used to interpret measurements of two-phase propane to quantify liquid volume fraction and phase dielectric permittivities.
Review on machine learning application in tissue engineering: What has been done so far? Application areas, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Jeznach Oliwia , Tabakoglu Sahranur , Zaszczyńska Angelika , Sajkiewicz Paweł
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) approaches have recently been getting much of researchers’ attention. The growing interest in these methods results from the fast development of machine learning algorithms in the last few years, especially artificial neural networks. In this review, we pay attention to the need and benefits that ML approaches can bring to tissue engineering (TE). We critically evaluate the possibilities of using the ML approaches in the tissue engineering field. We consider various paths of its utility in the TE, such as scaffold design, predicting the biological response to the scaffold, optimizing drug delivery approaches, supporting image analysis, and modeling scaffold in vivo performance. The current status of ML implementation is presented and supported by many study examples. On the other hand, we analyze the present difficulties and challenges in implementing ML approaches to tissue engineering, including the quality of published data, databases and repositories availability, the need for experiment and results publishing standardization, and ethical issues. Additionally, we assess the available natural language processing tools that could support TE research.

Graphical abstract
Physicochemical and spatial distribution patterns of radon and its parent radionuclides in the uranium-mineralized Singhbhum Region, India
Authors: Molla Samim , Kumar Ranjit , Singhal P. , Srivastava V. S. , Jha S. K.
Published: November 2024

This study examined the distributions of radon and its parent radionuclides 226Ra and 238U in groundwater samples from the Singhbhum region, Jharkhand, India. Radon showed a heterogeneous spatial distribution pattern, with a lognormal distribution. A good correlation between radon bubbler-Lucas cells and liquid scintillation counting techniques was observed for radon monitoring. 222Rn and 226Ra were negatively correlated with pH, suggesting the mobilization of radionuclides at low pH. Uranium was positively correlated with common ions (e.g., Ca, Mg, and SO42−). The activity ratios among the radionuclides indicated disequilibrium, with 222Rn origin controlled by parent radionuclide activity in bedrock. The 226Ra and 238U concentrations in groundwater were lower than the limits recommended by the WHO.
Phase transitions in medium-Mn alloy: thermodynamic simulation and experimental verification
Authors: Skowronek Adam , Kozłowska Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

The present work explores a design process of new medium-Mn alloy for forgings and its heat treatment optimization by thermodynamic simulations and experimental approach. The selection of specific chemical composition was performed on the basis of thermodynamic simulation for alloys with different additions of Mn and Al. The aim was to design an alloy allowing for production of at least 25% retained austenite in an intercritical annealing process, without deteriorating technological properties and economic indicators. Next simulations of intercritical annealing in a temperature range between 600 and 1000 °C, and their experimental verification were performed. For the thermodynamical simulations of different chemical compositions of steel and its intercritical annealing in a wide temperature range the JMatPro software was used. To verify the characteristic temperatures of steel such as Ac1, Ac3 and Ms, and for experimental investigation of intercritical annealing in a temperature range from 660 to 740 °C dilatometry was used. Obtained microstructures were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with an initial increase in soaking temperature a fraction of retained austenite increases; however, its stability decreases, which leads to formation of large martensite fraction during cooling after soaking at high temperatures. The results of thermodynamic simulations and experimental tests showed the moderate agreement. Large differences were revealed for Ac1, Ms temperatures and the amount of retained austenite obtained at a given annealing temperature. The results clearly indicate that at the moment of software development and available databases for novel medium-Mn steels, simulations of their heat treatment can only be used to estimate results and be a guide for experimental research. However, they cannot be used to optimize heat treatment.
A systematic review on WebRTC for potential applications and challenges beyond audio video streaming
Authors: Mahmoud Haitham , Abozariba Raouf
Published: November 2024

Video conferencing and live streaming are being used in various industries, such as healthcare, gaming, telecommunication, manufacturing and others. As technology progresses, the need for real-time data transmission with minimal latency has increased. Web Real-Time Communication () addresses this need effectively. WebRTC is a technology designed to provide real-time communication through web and mobile browsers. Its low latency and P2P communication capabilities make it a convenient technology for secure, efficient communication in real-time applications. This paper reviews the key features of WebRTC, discusses its strengths and weaknesses and investigates a detailed analysis of 83 existing studies. Moreover, It evaluates all use cases that can be adopted by WebRTC by examining their descriptions, problem statements, and research gaps based on literature to date. Finally, It highlights the open research directions for the emerging technologies and enhancements of WebRTC. to identify their potential applications.
Patient-derived glioma organoids real time identification of IDH mutation, 1p/19q-codeletion and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion with differential ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Hermelo Ismaïl , Haapala Ilkka , Mäkelä Meri , Jacome Sanz Dafne , Kontunen Anton , Karjalainen Markus , Müller Philipp , Lehtimäki Kai , Nykter Matti , Frösén Juhana , Haapasalo Hannu , Roine Antti , Oksala Niku , Nordfors Kristiina , Vehkaoja Antti , Haapasalo Joonas
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Extent of brain tumor resection continues to be one of the central decisions taken during standard of care in glioma patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate the most essential molecular factors, such as IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation in gliomas classification with patient-derived glioma organoids (PGOs) using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS).

Methods

we prospectively recruited 12 glioma patients, 6 IDH-mutated and 6 IDH wild-type tumors, from which PGOs were generated ex-vivo. Altogether, 320 PGOs DMS spectra were analyzed with a classifier algorithm based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA).

Results

LDA model classification accuracy (CA) obtained between IDH-mutant and IDH wild-type PGOs was 90% (91% sensitivity and 89% specificity). Furthermore, 1p/19q codeletion classification within IDH mutant PGOs reached 98% CA (93% sensitivity and 99% specificity), while CDKN2A/B homozygous loss status had 86% CA (63% sensitivity 93% specificity).

Conclusion

DMS suitability to differentiate IDH-mutated PGOs was thus validated in ex vivo cultured samples, PGOs. Preliminary results regarding 1p/19q codeleted PGOs and CDKN2A/B loss PGOs identification endorse testing in a prospective intraoperative glioma patient cohort. Our results reveal a sample classification set-up that is compatible with real-time intraoperative surgery guidance.
Uncertainty quantification in real-time parameter updating for digital twins using Bayesian inverse mapping models
Authors: Kessels Bas M. , Fey Rob H. B. , van de Wouw Nathan
Published: November 2024

To achieve its full predictive potential, a digital twin must consistently and accurately reflect its physical counterpart throughout its operational lifetime.To this end, the inverse mapping parameter updating method enables physically interpretable parameter values to be updated, in real-time, for a wide range of (nonlinear) dynamical models using features extracted from measured response data. This paper proposes to extend this method by employing a probabilistic Bayesian neural network, which is trained offline using simulated data, to infer, again in real-time, probability distributions for the updating parameter values instead of (traditionally obtained) point estimates. As a result, the user obtains a quantification of the (un)certainty, providing insight into the degree of trust to be placed in the updated parameter values, which supports the decision-making process for which the digital twin is used. Additionally, it is proposed to include so-called ‘input parameters’ (that characterize the specific settings on the physical setup) as inputs to the neural network to allow for a broader applicability of the updating method. To validate the proposed methodology, it is applied, using both simulated and real-world measurements, to a medical mechanical ventilation system, in which information about uncertainty in the inferred parameter values is important. Parameter values of this system and their uncertainties are shown to be inferred with sufficient accuracy.
Structural nonlinear boundary condition identification using a hybrid physics data-driven approach
Authors: Luo Lanxin , Sun Limin , Li Yixian , Xia Yong
Published: November 2024

As civil infrastructures often exhibit nonlinearities, the identification of nonlinear behaviors is crucial to assess the structural safety state. However, existing physics-driven methods can only estimate the nonlinear parameters given a known nonlinear behavior pattern. By contrast, the data-driven methods can merely map the load-response relationship at the structural level, rather than identify an accurate nonlinear mapping relationship at the component level. To address these issues, a hybrid physics-data-driven strategy is developed in this study to identify the blind nonlinearity. The nonlinear structural components are surrogated by a data-driven multilayer perceptron, and the linear ones are simulated by using the finite element method. Subsequently, the global stiffness matrix and restoring force vector are assembled according to the elemental topology relationship to obtain the hybrid model. The discrepancy between the measured and hybrid model-predicted responses is formulated as the loss function, by minimizing which of the MLPs are indirectly trained and the nonlinearities can be identified without knowing the nonlinearity type. Three numerical cases are used to verify the proposed method in identifying the elastic, hysteretic, and multiple nonlinear boundary conditions. Results show that the proposed method is robust given different noise levels, sensor placements, and nonlinear types. Moreover, the trained hybrid model possesses a strong generalization ability to accurately predict full-field structural responses.
A qualitative systematic review of the impact of hearing on quality of life
Authors: Henderson Nadine , Hodgson Sian , Mulhern Brendan , Page Katie , Sampson Chris
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Hearing loss, deafness, and other hearing-related conditions can significantly impact quality of life; numerous qualitative studies have sought to describe these impacts. Synthesis of these findings may provide additional or more robust insights.

Methods

A qualitative systematic review of studies reporting qualitative data relating to the impact of hearing problems on adults’ health-related quality of life. A subset of studies was included in the review and subsequently analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

The literature search yielded 129 studies, of which 22 met our inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. The included studies, primarily from Australia, the UK, and the USA, involved approximately 450 participants with various hearing conditions. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were the most common data collection methods, with thematic analysis being the predominant analytical approach. Three overarching categories of descriptive themes were identified: Physical, Mental, and Social. Physical encompassed sound localization, sound clarity, speech, and physical fatigue. Social included relationships, isolation, communication, independence, work function, social stigma, and confidence. Mental encompassed depression, anxiety, listening effort, mental fatigue, fear, and identity. The identified themes shed light on the diverse domains of health-related quality of life affected by hearing conditions.

Conclusion

Differences in hearing function impact upon people’s health-related quality of life in a variety of ways relating to physical, mental, and social aspects of health, and these themes are clearly demonstrated across qualitative studies. These results will inform the development of hearing-specific questionnaire items for with the EQ-5D descriptive system, a commonly used patient-reported outcome measure.
Effect of an Instructional Program for Word Processing and efficient typing on ‘Year 4 students’ composition
Authors: Gahshan Nagham , Weintraub Naomi
Published: November 2024

Elementary-school students are increasingly required to compose texts on computers. Composing involves both higher-level (planning, translating and revising) and lower-level (i.e., transcription) skills. It is assumed that automatic lower-level skills enable students to focus their attention on the higher composition demands. However, while composing instruction is part of the language arts curriculum, computer literacy instruction (e.g., typing and word processing [WP]) receives less attention. This disparity may affect composition performance, but the evidence for this premise is limited. To address this gap, the Word Processing and Typing Instructional Program (WoTIP) was developed which is grounded in motor learning, ergonomics, and self-regulated learning principles, and incorporated within a language arts curriculum via a collaborative consultation model. The study examined: (a) if the WoTIP will improve students’ typing speed, WP, and composition performance compared to a ‘no touch-typing or WP instruction’ control group; and (b) if improvement in typing and WP will be associated with enhanced composition performance. This study included Grade 4 students (N = 51). Findings showed that the WoTIP group (n = 27) significantly improved their typing and WP performance, as well as their composition quantity and quality, compared to the control group (n = 24). Additionally, a low significant correlation was observed between WP and composition quantity and between typing, WP and composition quality. Hence, it appears that the WoTIP may be an effective program for enhancing both transcription and composing abilities of Grade 4 students.
Profiles of phonological deficits and comorbidity in Chinese developmental dyslexia
Authors: Ding Ning , Peng Peng , Li Sen , Tang Jiuqing , Zhao Jingjing
Published: November 2024

It has been widely accepted that phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and verbal short-term memory (VSTM) deficits are three core facets of phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia (DD) of alphabetic orthographies. Yet, whether these three phonological facets also represent key phonological deficits of DD in Chinese, a logographic language, has never been investigated. The current study aimed to examine profiles of phonological deficits and comorbidity in Chinese DD. We tested 128 children with DD aged between 8 and 11 years and 135 age-matched controls on 9 tasks, including 2 PA tasks (phoneme deletion and onset/rime deletion), 3 RAN tasks (digit, object and color), 2 VSTM task (spoonerisms and digit span), an orthographic awareness task (orthographic judgment), and a morphological awareness task (morphological production). With the control of morphological and orthographic awareness, results from latent profile analysis revealed three latent profiles, namely the RAN deficit group, the severe PA deficit group, and the mild VSTM deficit group. Individual analysis using a Venn plot showed that 83.59% of DD exhibited phonological deficits, among whom 58.59% with RAN deficit, 49.22% with PA deficit, and 47.66% with VSTM deficit, and all three groups shared overlap. The results have important implications for the identification and remediation of Chinese DD.
Incidence of Factors in Teaching Actions to Manage Antisocial Cyberbehaviour
Authors: Guillén-Gámez Francisco David , Colomo-Magaña Ernesto , Doddanavar Indrajit , Ortiz-Padilla Myriam
Published: November 2024

With the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT), antisocial cyber-behavior has emerged, where teachers have a crucial role in the prevention and management of this behavior, focusing on developing actions that promote emotional and civic competences in students, where the skills and beliefs of the teacher are also a key piece. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to analyze the impact of these factors on teachers' actions to manage students' antisocial cyber-behaviors. A higher-order causal model was proposed following the partial least squares (PLS) method. The study was conducted with a sample of 835 active teachers from different educational stages from Spain, who taught in the following educational stages: Early Childhood Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education, Adult Education and Vocational Training. The main finding indicates that teachers' beliefs, coupled with their conflict resolution skills and approaches to fostering civic competencies, significantly influence (accounting for 50.30% of the real variance) their actions in managing cyber social behaviors. The study further reveals a connection between teachers' actions to enhance emotional and citizenship skills in students and their proficiency in conflict resolution. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of teachers possessing effective conflict resolution skills. These findings hold practical implications for education, as the developed causal model provides a deeper understanding of the factors influencing teachers' actions, facilitating targeted interventions in specific areas.