bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidarity economy cooperatives: The impact of governance and gender on member income
Authors: Teixeira Emidio Gressler , Marconatto Diego Antônio Bittencourt , Dias Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco , Auler Daniel Pedro , Wegner Douglas
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify the most effective governance configurations, including gender composition, for the creation and amplification of solidarity economy cooperative (SEC) members' income. It is known that the governance of these organizations affects their ability to provide work and income to millions of disfranchised people around the world. However, the relationship between the governance of SECs, their members' gender, and their income remains under‐investigated and under‐theorized. To bridge this gap, we employ the qualitative comparative analysis method to investigate different dimensions of the governance of 327 small Brazilian SECs. Our results indicate two governance configurations that are highly likely to lead to the production and increase of members' income. In general, our results show that the most successful SECs in this regard are those that adopt more traditional governance structures and have a prevalence of male members. Our findings also indicate that democratic aspect of SEC governance must be coupled with other governance structures in order to deliver the expected results. Our results will be of interest to both scholars and SEC leaders for better understanding and managing the connection between the governance of these organizations and their members' income generation.
Comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Wilms tumor in the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Nakata Kayo , Williams Richard , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Moroz Veronica , Al‐Saadi Reem , Vujanic Gordan , Oue Takaharu , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy
Published: May 2021

Background

Wilms tumor (WT) demonstrates epidemiological differences by world region and ethnicity. To enhance understanding of these differences, we retrospectively analyzed clinical trial data sets from the UK and Japan over a 20‐year period.

Procedure

We used data from three consecutive clinical trials in the UK and a single study in Japan that enrolled patients diagnosed during 1996‐2015, to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between countries.

Results

During 1996‐2015, 1395 patients in the UK and 537 in Japan were included. Japanese patients have a significantly younger median age at diagnosis than those in the UK (28 months vs 39 months). The proportion of patients with stage IV, large tumors, and anaplastic histology appears to be higher in the UK than in Japan (18% vs 11%, 62% vs 49%, 8% vs 3%, respectively). During 2005‐2015, 77 hospitals treated WT in Japan compared with only 20 hospitals in the UK. Five‐year overall survival of patients with WT was over 90% in both countries, but five‐year event‐free survival of patients with stage IV was significantly lower in Japan than in the UK (50.0% vs 76.2%, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Differences in age of onset, tumor size at diagnosis, and histology may reflect differences in the genetic background of patients with WT between countries, but population‐based phenotype‐genotype data are lacking. The difference in survival probability for stage IV patients may be due to different diagnostic criteria or different treatment strategies. Prospective, international clinical studies including genomic analyses are needed to confirm these findings and improve clinical practice.
The effect of carbon nanotubes modified polyurethane adhesive on the impact behavior of sandwich structures
Authors: Çetin Mehmet Emin
Published: May 2021

Sandwich panels with aluminum honeycomb cores have emerged as an essential class of lightweight building materials in a wide variety of structural engineering areas, including marine, railway, aerospace, and automotive structures. Although sandwich structures offer remarkable mechanical properties, for instance, high specific strength and stiffness, these structures are open to the damage created by the low‐velocity impact. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels with different core cell sizes based on neat and multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polyurethane (PU) adhesives that are aimed. The enhancement in impact performance of honeycomb sandwich structures obtained by the inclusion of MWCNTs in the PU adhesive is investigated. The effect of the MWCNT reinforcements on square sandwich panels at 50 J energy level is examined using an instrumented drop tower test setup. After acquiring load–time histories, the numerical integration method is implemented to obtain load–deflection and energy–time curves. Also, energy balance modeling (EBM) is utilized to characterize the effectualness of MWCNT reinforcement to PU adhesive on the impact behavior of sandwich panels. Theoretical EBM is confirmed that absorbed energy in the shear and bending deflections increased as the percentage of MWCNT‐added PU adhesive increases. Understanding the damage event implicated in absorbing and dissipating the impact energy is determined and compared for panels with different cell sizes, including nanoparticles, using the macroscopic optical images and microscopic scanning electron microscopy images of sandwich panels.
Front velocity dependence on vinyl ether and initiator concentration in radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxies
Authors: Groce Brecklyn R. , Gary Daniel P. , Cantrell Joseph K. , Pojman John A.
Published: May 2021

Formulations containing vinyl ethers and epoxy were successfully polymerized through a radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization mechanism, using an iodonium salt superacid generator with a peroxide thermal radical initiator and fumed silica as a filler. It was found that an increase of vinyl ether content resulted in higher front velocities for divinyl ethers in formulations with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether. However, increased hydroxymonovinyl ether either decreased the front velocity or suppressed frontal polymerization. The kinetic effects of the superacid generator and thermal radical initiator with varying vinyl ether content were also studied. It was observed that increasing concentrations of initiators increased the front velocity, with the system exhibiting higher sensitivity to the superacid generator concentration.
SVECV‐f12: Benchmark of a composite scheme for accurate and cost effective evaluation of reaction barriers
Authors: Ventura Oscar N. , Kieninger Martina , Katz Aline , Vega‐Teijido Mauricio , Segovia Marc , Irving Kenneth
Published: May 2021

A simple composite scheme is presented and benchmarked against the 38 reactions in Truhlar's HTBH38/08 and NHTBH38/08 databases. Mean unsigned deviation (MUD) for the complete set of 68 independent barriers is 0.40 kcal mol−1, compared to 1.31 kcal mol−1for G4 and 1.62 kcal mol−1for the M06‐2X‐D3 method. The MUD of the new scheme on the barriers in the DBH24/08 subset (12 out of the 38 reactions in the other sets) is 0.27 kcal mol−1, better than that obtained at the expensive CCSD(T,full)/aug‐cc‐pCV(T+d)Z level (0.46 kcal mol−1) and comparable to the most exact (and costly) Wn calculations (MUD = 0.14 kcal mol−1). The method was further tested against a subset of reactions, for which the geometry and energies of all species were determined at the much more demanding CCSD(T)‐F12//pVQZ‐F12 level. The SVECV‐f12 procedure on this database results in RMSE and MUD values of only 0.21 and 0.16 kcal mol−1.
Role of digital technology in freshwater biodiversity monitoring through citizen science during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind Kumar
Published: May 2021

Citizen Science plays a vital role in monitoring biodiversity. However, it has been challenging for scientists to interact with citizens involved in biodiversity monitoring during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In such circumstances, digital technology can serve as a tool for biodiversity monitoring through the cooperation between citizens and scientists. Trained volunteers can share ecological data, photographs, and videos of the species, and disturbances within ecosystems, due to anthropological activities through various digital platforms, such as Email, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and mobile apps designed for this purpose. The Wildlife Institute of India has taken the initiative by launching an android app “Ganga Data Collector” and Facebook pages “Glimpses of Ganga” and “Ganga Rejuvenation” as part of the “Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation” project with an objective to monitor the biodiversity of the Ganga River involving the local community known as “Guardians of the Ganga” or “Ganga Prahari.” These trained volunteers can share photos and videos of recorded species, their mortality and rescue operations along with water quality data and prohibited activities like illegal fishing and habitat degradation due to pollution and mining. Professionals around the world employed in freshwater biodiversity monitoring could follow the same strategy to overcome the present COVID‐19 pandemic crisis and prepare to monitor biodiversity during future lock‐downs.
Recent Advances in Multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) Composite Sensors Derived from MXene: Synthesis, Structure, Application, and Perspective
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Meiyun , Yang Bin , Tan Jiaojun , Ding Xueyao , Li Weiwei
Published: May 2021

With the advent of the era of intelligent manufacturing, sensors, with various detection objects, have set off a wave of enthusiasm and reached new heights in medical treatment, intelligent industry, daily life, and so on. MXene, as an emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, possesses impressive electrical conductivity, outstanding structural controllability, and satisfying universality with other substrates. Consequently, MXene‐based sensors with various functions show a booming growth based on great research potential of MXene. To promote the orderly and efficient development of MXene application in sensors, and further accelerate market‐scale application of ideal sensors, in this review, a full range research effort on current MXene‐based sensors is summarized. Starting with various synthesis methods of the raw material MXene, a comprehensive summary work along with 1D, 2D, or 3D MXene‐based sensors on most recent works is put forward, including the preparation method, characteristic structure, and potential sensing application of each type of MXene‐based composite sensors. Ultimately, insights of the opportunities and challenges on the strength of the current reported MXene‐based sensor are given.
Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 clinical trial (MINDSET)
Authors: Lang Frederick M. , Mo Yi , Sabbagh Marwan , Solomon Paul , Boada Merce , Jones Roy W. , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Grimmer Timo , Dubois Bruno , Harnett Mark , Friedhoff Sarah R. , Coslett Shari , Cummings Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

A previous phase 2b study supported the use of the 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. A phase 3 study, MINDSET, was performed to test this hypothesis.

Methods

MINDSET was a global, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in 1315 mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia patients on stable donepezil. Patients received 35 mg/day intepirdine or placebo for 24 weeks. The co‐primary endpoints were change from baseline to week 24 on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between intepirdine and placebo groups (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval]) on the co‐primary endpoints ADAS‐Cog (−0.36 [−0.95, 0.22], P = 0.2249) and ADCS‐ADL (−0.09 [−0.90, 0.72], P = 0.8260). Intepirdine demonstrated a favorable safety profile similar to placebo.

Discussion

Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil did not produce statistical improvement over placebo on cognition or activities of daily living in mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia patients.
Molecularly confirmed Echinococcus equinus infection in a UK horse with concurrent intestinal disease
Authors: Ferreira Helena , Fews Debra , Grimm Felix , Silva Gonçalo , Macaulay Ewan
Published: May 2021

A 15‐year‐old Cob mare presented with a 1‐year history of weight loss. Blood work was compatible with inflammation and abdominal ultrasonography showed mild thickening of the intestinal wall and a hypoechoic cystic structure in the liver. Despite medical treatment, euthanasia was elected due to further weight loss and poor welfare. Necropsy revealed a cyst in the liver containing hydatid sand. Cytology of the cystic fluid and histopathology of the cyst wall confirmed infection by a metacestode. PCR of the cystic fluid yielded a sequence identical to that documented for the COX1 gene of Echinococcus equinus. Histopathology of a thickened area of intestine noted at post‐mortem was suggestive of mild lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and this was suspected to be the cause of clinical disease. The metacestode infection was considered sub‐clinical. Routine speciation of hydatid cysts using PCR should improve assessment of the epidemiology of E. equinus and help monitor its zoonotic potential.
[Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)4(OCH3)2] ⋅ DABCO ⋅ 1.66 CH2Cl2: Cluster Units Wrapped in a Network of Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Sperlich Eric , Köckerling Martin
Published: May 2021

An easy‐to‐do synthesis for the hexanuclear niobium cluster compound [Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)4(OCH3)2] ⋅ DABCO ⋅ 1.66 CH2Cl2 has been developed. An one‐pot reaction between the cluster precursor [Nb6Cl14(H2O)4] ⋅ 4H2O and methanol with the addition of DABCO leads to the crystallization of the title compound in high yield within a few minutes. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of this cluster compound has been determined. Very strong, nearly symmetric intercluster hydrogen bonds Nb6−MeO⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅OMe−Nb6 are present between the cluster units. A bridging co‐crystalline DABCO molecule is also involved in a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonding network.
N‐nacnac stabilized tetrylenes: access to silicon hydride systems via migration processes
Authors: Cao Huan Do Dinh , Kolychev Eugene L. , Hicks Jamie , Aldridge Simon
Published: May 2021

The use of an amino‐functionalized β‐diketiminate (′N‐nacnac′) ligand in low‐valent silicon chemistry is investigated. In particular, the use of (LDipp)SiCl (LDipp=HC{(Me2N)CNDipp}2) to generate silicon‐containing products via metathesis chemistry is explored, in light of previously reported complications arising from heterocycle ring contraction. In the case of Na[C5H5], chloride metathesis is accompanied not by rearrangement of the N‐nacnac ligand, but by a C‐to‐Si hydrogen migration process, generating the hydridosilicon(IV) species (LDipp)Si(H)(C5H4), which features a silafulvene core. The potential intermediate arising from initial chloride/cyclopentadienide substitution can be modelled by the chemistry of the corresponding Ge(II) and Sn(II) systems, which generate (LDipp)E(η1−C5H5) (E=Ge, Sn) via straightforward metathesis chemistry. A Si(II) hydride species can be generated from (LDipp)SiCl via metathesis by making use of a d‐block reagent which can act as both hydride source and coordinative trap for (LDipp)SiH. Thus, the reaction of (LDipp)SiCl with K[(η5−C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2H] leads to the formation of (η5−C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2{Si(H)LDipp} – the first silylene complex containing this half‐sandwich manganese fragment.
Sprache, Predigt, Religion
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Die Auseinandersetzung mit unterschiedlichen Kommunikationsformen innerhalb religiöser Kontexte hat sowohl in der Linguistik als auch in der Soziologie eine lange Tradition. Das Kapitel stellt die wissenschaftlichen Traditions- und Forschungslinien vor, in denen sich die Arbeit verortet und begründet den Gegenstand der Untersuchung.
Räumliche Situierung & Interaktionsordnung
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Die räumlichen Bedingungen und Gegebenheiten einer Interaktionssituation und die Frage, welchen Einfluss der jeweilige Raum auf die Interaktion hat, sind in den letzten Jahren mehr und mehr in den Fokus interaktionsanalytischer Untersuchungen gerückt. Auch für die Bestimmung einer kommunikativen Gattung sind Aspekte des Raumes zentral. Das Kapitel untersucht die charakteristischen räumlichen Ausgestaltungen der Gattung Predigt und fragt nach den raumbezogenen Bedingungen, die erfüllt sein müssen, damit das Ereignis der Predigt erfolgreich hergestellt werden kann.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Was sind die konstitutiven Elemente der kommunikativen Gattung der christlichen Predigt? Dies war die Ausgangsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit. Das Kapitel fasst die zentralen Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Analyse zusammen und definiert die kommunikative Gattung Predigt.
Aufbau der Arbeit
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in vier große Bereiche: a) Die Darstellung des Forschungsstandes zum Untersuchungsgegenstand der Predigt innerhalb der linguistischen, soziologischen und theologischen Forschung, b)  die Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen auf dem Gebiet der Gattungsforschung, c) die Übersicht über die methodischen Grundlagen sowie das Vorgehen bei Datenerhebung, Datenaufbereitung, Datenanalyse und eine Einführung in das verwendete Corpus christlicher Predigten und schließlich d) die Darstellung der Analyseergebnisse.
Die Predigt aus soziologischer Sicht
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Neben der Linguistik haben auch die Religionssoziologie und die Wissenssoziologie religiöse und spirituelle Settings in den Blick genommen. Obwohl an vielen Stellen christlich orientiert, setzt sich die Religionssoziologie ganz grundsätzlich mit allem auseinander, was unter dem schillernden Begriff der ‚Religion‘ gefasst werden kann. Das Kapitel stellt in diesem Zusammenhang die für die Analyse relevanten Forschungslinien innerhalb der Religionssoziologie und der Wissenssoziologie vor, die sich zum einen mit der Sozialform des Gottesdienstes und der Predigt auseinandergesetzt haben und zum anderen empirisch-qualitativ arbeiten.
Kommunikative Gattungen (Thomas Luckmann)
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Der durch den Soziologen Thomas Luckmann geprägte Begriff der ‚kommunikativen Gattung‘ und das dahinter stehende Konzept tragen der Beobachtung Rechnung, dass nicht nur Texte wiederkehrende formale und funktionale Charakteristika und Ähnlichkeiten aufweisen, sondern dass auch in der alltäglichen verbalen Kommunikation Strukturähnlichkeiten, Verfestigungen und Routinen auszumachen sind. Bereits in den 1970er Jahren geprägt und entwickelt, wurde das Konzept der kommunikativen Gattungen sowohl in der Soziologie als auch in der Linguistik und vor allem in den sich an der Grenze zwischen diesen beiden Disziplinen verortenden Analyserichtungen verstärkt rezipiert. Luckmanns Gattungsmodell ist das zentrale Rahmenkonzept dieser Analyse. Das Kapitel skizziert die theoretischen Grundlagen des Modells, stellt die einzelnen Gattungsebenen vor und diskutiert Vor- und Nachteile des Konzepts.
Short Refresher of Radiobiology
Authors: Averyn Viktar S.
Published: May 2021

The atoms are built up of a nucleus, containing positive (protons) and neutral (neutrons) particles, surrounded by negative particles (electrons), circulating around the “atomic orbit”. The number of the protons in the nucleus is giving the atomic number of the element (usually labelled as “Z”), and the sum of the neutrons and protons in the nucleus is giving the atomic or mass number of the element (usually labelled as “A”). The number in the electrons in the atomic orbit is always equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. However, as the mass of the electrons is almost equal to zero, they do not influence the whole atomic mass.
Information Systems in Support of the Decision-Making Tools
Authors:   Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
Published: May 2021

Development and dissemination of the information technology throughout the world, as well as the convention potentials for rapid information exchange, primarily via Internet-based platforms, enable for rapid reporting, data collection, data analysis and situation-based decision-making. Such a workflow is especially important in management of rapidly developing emergencies, including NREs. IAEA has already established several such platforms and is intensively working on the improvements and upgrades of the existing ones, as well as on the development of new, sector-specific information platforms. This chapter gives information on the currently existing/developing IAEA platforms for management of NREs.
The flavor of UV physics
Authors: Bruggisser Sebastian , Schäfer Ruth , van Dyk Danny , Westhoff Susanne
Published: May 2021

Abstract

New physics not far above the TeV scale should leave a pattern of virtual effects in observables at lower energies. What do these effects tell us about the flavor structure of a UV theory? Within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), we resolve the flavor structure of the Wilson coefficients in a combined analysis of top-quark and B-physics observables. We assume that the Yukawa couplings are the only sources of flavor symmetry breaking, a framework known as Minimal Flavor Violation. Our fits to LHC and b-factory measurements show that combining top and bottom observables is crucial to pin down possible sources of flavor breaking in a UV theory. This analysis includes the full analytic expansion of SMEFT coefficients in Minimal Flavor Violation and a detailed study of SMEFT effects in b → s flavor transitions.
Entanglement transfer from quantum matter to classical geometry in an emergent holographic dual description of a scalar field theory
Authors: Kim Ki-Seok , Ryu Shinsei
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Applying recursive renormalization group transformations to a scalar field theory, we obtain an effective quantum gravity theory with an emergent extra dimension, described by a dual holographic Einstein-Klein-Gordon type action. Here, the dynamics of both the dual order-parameter field and the metric tensor field originate from density-density and energy-momentum tensor-tensor effective interactions, respectively, in the recursive renormalization group transformation, performed approximately in the Gaussian level. This linear approximation in the recursive renormalization group transformation for the gravity sector gives rise to a linearized quantum Einstein-scalar theory along the z-directional emergent space. In the large N limit, where N is the flavor number of the original scalar fields, quantum fluctuations of both dynamical metric and dual scalar fields are suppressed, leading to a classical field theory of the Einstein-scalar type in (D+1)-spacetime dimensions. We show that this emergent background gravity describes the renormalization group flows of coupling functions in the UV quantum field theory through the extra dimension. More precisely, the IR boundary conditions of the gravity equations correspond to the renormalization group β-functions of the quantum field theory, where the infinitesimal distance in the extra-dimensional space is identified with an energy scale for the renormalization group transformation. Finally, we also show that this dual holographic formulation describes quantum entanglement in a geometrical way, encoding the transfer of quantum entanglement from quantum matter to classical gravity in the large N limit. We claim that this entanglement transfer serves as a microscopic foundation for the emergent holographic duality description.
Generalized Gibbs Ensemble of 2D CFTs with U(1) charge from the AGT correspondence
Authors: Novaes Fábio
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) is relevant to understand the thermalization of quantum systems with an infinite set of conserved charges. In this work, we analyze the GGE partition function of 2D Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) with a U(1) charge and quantum Benjamin-Ono2 (qBO2) hierarchy charges. We use the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa (AGT) correspondence to express the thermal trace in terms of the Alba-Fateev-Litvinov-Tarnopolskiy (AFLT) basis of descendants, which diagonalizes all charges. We analyze the GGE partition function in the thermodynamic semiclassical limit, including the first order quantum correction. We find that the equality between GGE averages and primary eigenvalues of the qBO2 charges is attainable in the strict large c limit and potentially violated at the subleading 1/c order. We also obtain the finite c partition function when only the first non-trivial charge is turned on, expressed in terms of partial theta functions. Our results should be relevant to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for charged CFTs, Warped CFTs and effective field theory descriptions of condensed matter systems.
Concurrent material and structure optimization of multiphase hierarchical systems within a continuum micromechanics framework
Authors: Gangwar Tarun , Schillinger Dominik
Published: May 2021

We present a concurrent material and structure optimization framework for multiphase hierarchical systems that relies on homogenization estimates based on continuum micromechanics to account for material behavior across many different length scales. We show that the analytical nature of these estimates enables material optimization via a series of inexpensive “discretization-free” constraint optimization problems whose computational cost is independent of the number of hierarchical scales involved. To illustrate the strength of this unique property, we define new benchmark tests with several material scales that for the first time become computationally feasible via our framework. We also outline its potential in engineering applications by reproducing self-optimizing mechanisms in the natural hierarchical system of bamboo culm tissue.
Selection of parameters in nanosecond pulsed wave laser micro-welding
Authors: Coroado Julio , Ganguly Supriyo , Suder Wojciech , Williams Stewart , Meco Sonia , Pardal Goncalo
Published: May 2021

The digital control of the latest nanosecond pulsed wave (PW) fibre lasers allows very high flexibility in controlling the application of the total energy to a workpiece, which brings several advantages to the joining process. By choosing different pulse shapes in different spatial profiles, it is possible to apply low energy per pulse with high precision and accuracy resulting in lower heat input. Since the energy of each pulse is insufficient to generate melting, these lasers operate at very high pulse repetition frequencies near continuous wave (CW) regime. Nevertheless, the peak powers of PW lasers are much higher than CW. In this research, the effect of peak power, pulse energy, pulse width, pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle has been studied. The experimental work was conducted in bead on plate of austenitic stainless steel to investigate the effect of laser on the weld geometry, i.e. depth of penetration and width. An empirical model, previously established for CW mode, which enables the achievement of a particular penetration depth independent of the beam diameter, was redesigned and tested for PW mode. The “pulse power factor model” allows the laser user to select a weld profile that meets certain quality and productivity requirements independent of the laser system. It was shown that identical depth of penetration but different weld metal profile can be obtained for a specific beam diameter for a range of different system parameters by keeping a constant trade-off between pulse power factor and interaction time.
Integration and control of lithium-ion BESSs for active network management in smart grids: Sundom smart grid backup feeding case
Authors: Parthasarathy Chethan , Hafezi Hossein , Laaksonen Hannu
Published: May 2021

Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (Li-ion BESS), due to their capability in providing both active and reactive power services, act as a bridging technology for efficient implementation of active network management (ANM) schemes for land-based grid applications. Due to higher integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in the distribution system, transient instability may induce power quality issues, mainly in terms of voltage fluctuations. In such situations, ANM schemes in the power network are a possible solution to maintain operation limits defined by grid codes. However, to implement ANM schemes effectively, integration and control of highly flexible Li-ion BESS play an important role, considering their performance characteristics and economics. Hence, in this paper, an energy management system (EMS) has been developed for implementing the ANM scheme, particularly focusing on the integration design of Li-ion BESS and the controllers managing them. Developed ANM scheme has been utilized to mitigate MV network issues (i.e. voltage stability and adherence to reactive power window). The efficiency of Li-ion BESS integration methodology, performance of the EMS controllers to implement ANM scheme and the effect of such ANM schemes on integration of Li-ion BESS, i.e. control of its grid-side converter (considering operation states and characteristics of the Li-ion BESS) and their coordination with the grid side controllers have been validated by means of simulation studies in the Sundom smart grid network, Vaasa, Finland.
Legendrian skein algebras and Hall algebras
Authors: Haiden Fabian
Published: May 2021

We compare two associative algebras which encode the “quantum topology” of Legendrian curves in contact threefolds of product type $$S\times {\mathbb {R}}$$

S
×
R

. The first is the skein algebra of graded Legendrian links and the second is the Hall algebra of the Fukaya category of S. We construct a natural homomorphism from the former to the latter, which we show is an isomorphism if S is a disk with marked points and injective if S is the annulus.
Extraction and characterisation of arabinoxylan from brewers spent grain and investigation of microbiome modulation potential
Authors: Lynch Kieran M. , Strain Conall R. , Johnson Crystal , Patangia Dhrati , Stanton Catherine , Koc Fatma , Gil-Martinez Jorge , O’Riordan Patrick , Sahin Aylin W. , Ross R. Paul , Arendt Elke K.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) represents the largest by-product of the brewing industry. Its utilisation as an animal feed has become less practical today; however, its high fibre and protein content make it a promising untapped resource for human nutrition. BSG contains mainly insoluble fibre. This fibre, along with protein, is trapped with the complex lignocellulosic cell structure and must be solubilised to release components which may be beneficial to health through modulation of the gut microbiota.

Methods

In this study, the application of a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process for the extraction and solubilisation of arabinoxylan from BSG is demonstrated.

Results

Processing of the BSG was varied to modulate the physicochemical and molecular characteristic of the released arabinoxylan. The maximum level of arabinoxylan solubilisation achieved was approximately 21%, compared to the unprocessed BSG which contained no soluble arabinoxylan (AX). Concentration of the solubilised material produced a sample containing 99% soluble AX. Samples were investigated for their microbiome modulating capacity in in-vitro faecal fermentation trials. Many samples promoted increased Lactobacillus levels (approx. twofold). One sample that contained the highest level of soluble AX was shown to be bifidogenic, increasing the levels of this genus approx. 3.5-fold as well as acetate (p = 0.018) and propionate (p < 0.001) production.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that AX extracted from BSG has prebiotic potential. The demonstration that BSG is a source of functional fibre is a promising step towards the application of this brewing side-stream as a functional food ingredient for human nutrition.
Rare (uro-)genital pathologies in young girls mimicking sexual abuse
Authors: Schaul Martine , Schwark Thorsten
Published: May 2021

Examinations of young children for suspicions of sexual abuse are challenging for the involved medical specialists because the consequences of the interpretation of the findings can be severe and dramatic. A broad knowledge of differential diagnoses including rare pathologies like urethral prolapse and failure of the midline fusion of the perineum, known as perineal groove, is essential in order to avoid unnecessary diagnostics and treatment, prejudgment, and to reduce patient family’s anxiety. We report two independent cases of girls aged 7 months and 5 years suffering from these rare pathologies, one presenting with painless lower genital tract bleeding, the other showing a lesion of the perineum as random finding during a neuropediatrician’s consultation. In both cases, the pathologies were initially misdiagnosed as injuries due to sexual assault, and judicial investigation procedures were initiated. In this paper, the characteristic symptoms and morphology of urethral prolapse and perineal groove are presented to enhance the awareness of these pathologies among forensic experts and help to establish the correct diagnosis.
Automated benchmark network diversification for realistic attack simulation with application to moving target defense
Authors: Bajic Alexander , Becker Georg T.
Published: May 2021

With numbers of exploitable vulnerabilities and attacks on networks constantly increasing, it is important to employ defensive techniques to protect one’s systems. A wide range of defenses are available and new paradigms such as Moving Target Defense (MTD) rise in popularity. But to make informed decisions on which defenses to implement, it is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness first. In many cases, the full impact these techniques have on security is not well understood yet. In this paper we propose network defense evaluation based on detailed attack simulation. Using a flexible modeling language, networks, attacks, and defenses are described in high detail, yielding a fine-grained scenario definition. Based on this, an automated instantiator generates a wide range of realistic benchmark networks. These serve to perform simulations, allowing to evaluate the security impact of different defenses, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A case study based on a mid-sized corporate network scenario and different Moving Target Defenses illustrates the usefulness of this approach. Results show that virtual machine migration, a frequently suggested MTD technique, more often degrades than improves security. Hence, we argue that evaluation based on realistic attack simulation is a qualified approach to examine and verify claims of newly proposed defense techniques.
Banach manifold structure and infinite-dimensional analysis for causal fermion systems
Authors: Finster Felix , Lottner Magdalena
Published: May 2021

A mathematical framework is developed for the analysis of causal fermion systems in the infinite-dimensional setting. It is shown that the regular spacetime point operators form a Banach manifold endowed with a canonical Fréchet-smooth Riemannian metric. The so-called expedient differential calculus is introduced with the purpose of treating derivatives of functions on Banach spaces which are differentiable only in certain directions. A chain rule is proven for Hölder continuous functions which are differentiable on expedient subspaces. These results are made applicable to causal fermion systems by proving that the causal Lagrangian is Hölder continuous. Moreover, Hölder continuity is analyzed for the integrated causal Lagrangian.
The Relationship Between GPS Sampling Interval and Estimated Daily Travel Distances in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus)
Authors: McCann R. , Bracken A. M. , Christensen C. , Fürtbauer I. , King A. J.
Published: May 2021

Modern studies of animal movement use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate animals’ distance traveled. The temporal resolution of GPS fixes recorded should match those of the behavior of interest; otherwise estimates are likely to be inappropriate. Here, we investigate how different GPS sampling intervals affect estimated daily travel distances for wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). By subsampling GPS data collected at one fix per second for 143 daily travel distances (12 baboons over 11–12 days), we found that less frequent GPS fixes result in smaller estimated travel distances. Moving from a GPS frequency of one fix every second to one fix every 30 s resulted in a 33% reduction in estimated daily travel distance, while using hourly GPS fixes resulted in a 66% reduction. We then use the relationship we find between estimated travel distance and GPS sampling interval to recalculate published baboon daily travel distances and find that accounting for the predicted effect of sampling interval does not affect conclusions of previous comparative analyses. However, if short-interval or continuous GPS data—which are becoming more common in studies of primate movement ecology—are compared with historical (longer interval) GPS data in future work, controlling for sampling interval is necessary.
Is the readability of abstracts decreasing in management research?
Authors: Graf-Vlachy Lorenz
Published: May 2021

The readability of scientific texts is critical for the successful distribution of research findings. I replicate a recent study which found that the abstracts of scientific articles in the life sciences became less readable over time. Specifically, I sample 28,345 abstracts from 17 of the leading journals in the field of management and organization over 3 decades, and study two established indicators of readability over time, namely the Flesch Reading Ease and the New Dale–Chall Readability Formula. I find a modest trend towards less readable abstracts, which leads to an increase in articles that are extremely hard to read from 12% in the first decade of the sample to 16% in the final decade of the sample. I further find that an increasing number of authors partially explains this trend, as do the use of scientific jargon and corresponding author affiliations with institutions in English-speaking countries. I discuss implications for authors, reviewers, and editors in the field of management.
COVID-19: Chittagong Port and aftermath
Authors: Mannan Samsul , Shaheen Md. Mostafa Aziz , Saha Rana
Published: May 2021

After first unveiled in China, by March 2020, the wide spreading episode of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) spread over Europe and the rest of the world. Besides the public health crisis, not only the Chinese economy but also the global economy as well as the supply chain faced a significant slowdown. Port is not apart from this. Chittagong Port is considered the economic nerve of Bangladesh. A significant segment of export-import moved through Chittagong Port. Like the entire globe, the outbreak of coronavirus affects the country’s prime seaport adversely. This study examines the issues concerning port operation. This study has a qualitative approach that depended on data collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from field surveys using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with government agencies, policymakers, researchers, businessmen, port users and entrepreneurs. Secondary data were sourced from different policy documents, scholarly articles, reports and the internet. This study provides an overview of COVID-19 impacts on the port and shipping activities in Chittagong Port, which include impacts on port of call, warehouse and distribution activities, hinterland connections and port employees. Therefore, this study discussed those issues to date, identify impacts and authority response to address the impacts. Finally, this study put forward strategies for their mitigation.
Correction to: On the effects of austenite phase transformation on welding residual stresses in non-load carrying longitudinal welds
Authors: Hensel Jonas , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus
Published: May 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s40194-021-01141-z
An integrated decision-making COPRAS approach to probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set information
Authors: Krishankumar R. , Garg Harish , Arun Karthik , Saha Abhijit , Ravichandran K. S. , Kar Samarjit
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to present an integrated approach to solve the decision-making problem under the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information (PHFI) features, which is an extension of the hesitant fuzzy set. The considered PHFI not only allows multiple opinions, but also associates occurrence probability to each opinion, which increases the reliability of the information. Motivated by these features of PHFI, an approach is presented to solve the decision problem with partial known information about the attribute and expert weights. In addition, an algorithm for finding some missing values in the preference information is presented and stated their properties. Afterward, the Hamy mean operator has been used to aggregate the different collective information into a single one. Also, we presented a COPRAS method to the PHFI for ranking the given alternatives. The presented algorithm has been demonstrated through a case study of cloud vendor selection and its validity has been revealed by comparing the approach results with the several existing algorithm results.
Ästhetischer Dünger
Authors: Hoffmann Torsten
Published: May 2021

Die Neue Rechte betreibt seit 2000 eine umfangreiche Literaturpolitik. Aktionen im Literaturbetrieb, eigene Publikationen sowie ein expandierender Literaturjournalismus (der neben Büchern und Zeitschriften auch Internetblogs, Podcasts und Videos umfasst) werden mit zunehmendem Geschick und Erfolg dazu genutzt, neurechte Ideologien im Kulturbetrieb zu verankern. Dies zeigte sich u.a. in der 2020 um die Schriftstellerin Monika Maron geführten Debatte, die der Aufsatz zum Ausgangspunkt nimmt, um die wichtigsten metapolitischen Strategien neurechter Literaturpolitik vorzustellen: eine Veränderung des Lektürekanons, eine politische Funktionalisierung von Ästhetik und ästhetischer Erziehung sowie literaturbetriebliche Aktionen. Abschließend wird am Streit um den Debutroman von Simon Strauß diskutiert, wie sich angemessen (auch literaturwissenschaftlich) auf neurechte Literaturpolitik reagieren lässt.
Zur Kompatibilität von Maßsystemen der Akustik und zu den Wirkungen von Energie-äquivalenten, zum Gehör jedoch mehr oder weniger kompatiblen Schallbelastungen
Authors: Irle Hartmut , Strasser Helmut
Published: May 2021

Die Stärke von Schallbelastungen wird bekanntlich durch den Pegel L mit einem logarithmischen Maß angegeben. Dieses, formal richtig nach dem Weber-Fechner’schen Gesetz aufgebaute Maßstabs-System der Lautstärke in dB (Dezibel) ist allerdings alles andere als empfindungsgerecht und damit inkompatibel zum Gehör. Das zeigt sich z. B. daran, dass ein Pegel von 100 Dezibel (dB) nicht lediglich doppelt so laut empfunden wird wie ein Pegel von 50 dB. Ein solcher Messwert repräsentiert sogar das „100.000-fache“ von 50 dB, und damit eine unvorstellbar höhere Belastung. Selbst in einer nur um 3 dB höheren Belastung steckt bereits die doppelte Energie bzw. Belastung für das Gehör. Weil eben nicht das Weber-Fechner’sche Gesetz, sondern das Stevens’sche Potenz-Gesetz erwiesenermaßen Gültigkeit besitzt, sollte bei der Einstufung der Stärke von Schallbelastungen zumindest das einigermaßen empfindungsgerechte Maßstabs-System der Lautheit mit der Einheit „Sone“ Verwendung finden. Eine Zunahme des Pegels um 10 dB, die erfahrungsgemäß mit einer gefühlten Verdopplung des „Empfindens“ verbunden wird, führt dabei auch zu einer Verdopplung des Sone-Wertes. Das Benutzen des allseits bekannten „dB“ schafft nicht selten Verwirrung und führt oftmals zu gravierenden Fehleinschätzungen. In graphischen Darstellungen werden das inkompatible Maßsystem der Lautstärke und das zum menschlichen Gehör eher kompatible Maßsystem der Lautheit in „Sone“ konkretisiert und veranschaulicht. Dabei werden auch erhebliche Diskrepanzen bei der Beurteilung von Schallexpositionen aufgezeigt, die bei unterschiedlicher Höhe und Einwirkdauer mittels des Halbierungsparameters q = 3 als gleich hoch eingeschätzt werden. Auszugsweise dargestellte Ergebnisse aus umfangreichen audiometrischen Untersuchungen belegen, dass energie-äquivalente, aber zeitlich unterschiedlich verteilte Schallbelastungen von in der Arbeit noch zulässigen 85 dB(A)/8 h höchst unterschiedlich starke zeitweilige Hörschellenverschiebungen (Temporary Threshold Shifts, TTS-Werte) verursachen. Ferner wird veranschaulicht, dass auch gleich starke moderne Musikschallbelastungen von 94 dB/1 h bei otologisch normalen Probanden zu audiometrisch messbaren, ähnlich hohen Hörschwellenverschiebungen wie Industrielärm führen. Das gilt z. B. für „Heavy Metal“, „Techno“ oder auch „House Music“. Besteht die gleich starke und genauso lang anhaltende akustische Belastung jedoch z. B. aus „Klassischer Musik“, so kommt es allenfalls zu „Physiologischen Kosten“ in der Größenordnung von ca. ¼ dessen, was zum menschlichen Gehör inkompatible akustische Belastungen verursachen. Daraus ist zu folgern, dass das Gehör nach dem Motto „Der Ton macht die Musik“ mit sinusförmigen akustischen Belastungen eher „klar kommt“ (dazu kompatibel ist) als mit stochastischen und u. U. impulshaltigen Schallereignissen, wie sie durch Metall-auf Metall-Schläge auftreten oder bei Maschinengeräuschen in der Metallverarbeitung vorkommen.
Uncertainty and heuristics for underactuated hands: grasp pose selection based on the ppotential grasp robustness metric
Authors: Almeida Luís , Moreno Plinio
Published: May 2021

The Potential Grasp Robustness (PGR) metric considers different states of the contact points, relaxing the requirement of all points being far from the friction cone boundary. The addition of new states for each contact point increases the computational complexity, which is combinatorial on the number of states and takes a long time for grasping configurations with large number of hand-object contacts. In this work we analyse the computational complexity of two recently proposed heuristics, which consider that: (i) the minimum number of contact points needed could be in two states and (ii) an analysis of grasp contact data provides the most common combinations of contact points that lead to an accurate estimation of PGR. For selecting grasp configurations, the PGR computation approach is not robust because assumes that measured forces at the contact points do not have uncertainty. In addition to the heuristics, we propose a new uncertainty based metric, the coefficient of variation of PGR. The grasp selection experiments show that the coefficient of variation provides similar results to the pose variation metric. The grasp selection that uses the uncertainty based computation of PGR find more stable contact points than the maximization of the conventional PGR.

Article highlights

Development of new heuristics for computation of
grasp metrics of underactuated hands.

Definition of uncertainty-based metrics for grasp se-
lection

Reduction of reality gap for physics-based grasping
metrics of underactuated hands
Normen als Ordnungsrahmen der Friedensmediation
Authors: Holper Anne , Kirchhoff Lars , Würkert Felix
Published: May 2021

Die gestiegenen normativen Ansprüche an Friedensmediation werden von Praktiker*innen bisweilen als verwirrend und einengend wahrgenommen. Bei genauer Betrachtung der Normen und der darin formulierten Verhaltenserwartungen lassen sich diese jedoch präzise definieren und bieten weitaus mehr Spielraum als vermutet. Mehr noch, sie lassen sich in der Vermittlungspraxis als wertvolles Orientierungssystem nutzen, mit dem im Idealfall verhindert werden kann, dass Friedensprozesse und -vereinbarungen scheitern, schaden oder rechtlich nichtig sind. An einigen Stellen steht allerdings noch eine dezidierte Übersetzung dieses Wissens in die praktische Handlungslogik und faktischen Abläufe von Friedensprozessen sowie eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise aus, mit der sich die zentralen normativen Dilemmata handhaben lassen, die der Friedensmediation inhärent sind.