bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shifting Paradigms in Music Education Research (1953–1978)
Authors: Jorgensen Estelle R. , Ward-Steinman Patrice Madura
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of a hypothesized shift in the operative research paradigms in music education during the first quarter century of the publication of the Journal of Research in Music Education, during the period 1953 to 1978. This shift was from humanities-oriented historical and philosophical studies to scientifically oriented psychological studies, from studies couched at higher levels of generality to more specific levels of analysis of the data, and from studies geared toward broader contextual and institutional issues to those concerning the specific behaviors of students in music education. Data for our analysis are drawn from the first 26 years of the Journal of Research in Music Education during its formative period from 1953 to 1978. In order to test quantitatively these broad philosophical claims for shifting paradigms in music education research during this period, our specific research questions focused on indicators that, taken together, might document these changes. Based on heuristic models, 499 articles were classified according to types of research method, facets of music education, and integrative levels of analysis. Descriptive statistics and statistically significant correlations provided strong evidence of this shift. Implications for further research were sketched.
Characterization of the coagulation process: wet-spinning tool development and void fraction evaluation
Authors: Weisser Pauline , Barbier Gérald , Richard Christophe , Drean Jean-Yves
Published: September 2015

Since very little research has been published on the wet-spinning process, this article is a contribution to understanding the coagulation phenomenon. In this work, the effects of spinning parameters on the evolution of the void fraction of coarse polyamide-imide monofilaments were investigated. First of all, an experimental wet-spinning device was designed in our laboratory. Robust and reliable, this prototyping tool allows a fully automated production, ensuring the reproducibility of the different spinning tests. A four-factor Design of Experiments was built to analyze the effects and combinations between the following parameters: extrusion diameter, concentration of the coagulation bath and drawing rates applied in the coagulation bath and in the air. The results derived from a statistical analysis coupled to a scanning electron microscope study showed a highly significant influence of the concentration of solvent in the coagulation bath, concerning the evolution of the void fraction of the obtained monofilaments.
Effect of some yarn properties on surface roughness and friction behavior of woven structures
Authors: Becerir Behcet , Akgun Mine , Alpay Halil Rifat
Published: September 2015

This paper focused on the effect of some constructional parameters of woven fabrics on surface roughness and on fabric-to-fabric friction coefficients. Fabrics under test differed from each other in their weft yarn counts, weft yarn properties and weft yarn density. Seven surface roughness parameters and static and kinetic coefficients of friction were assessed according to the changes in fabric constructional properties. The results showed that roughness parameters of amplitude, spacing and hybridity changed in different manners in the measurement directions of warp, weft and diagonal. Static and kinetic coefficients of friction changed with surface roughness values in opposite ways in warp and weft directions. Experimental results were also assessed with fabric thickness and fabric balance values. The anisotropic structure of textile surfaces was discussed by the changes in roughness parameters and friction coefficients. Skewness and kurtosis, being roughness parameters, were found to be important in the discussion of the relation between surface roughness and friction coefficients.
Growing resources for growing cities: Density and the cost of municipal public services in Latin America
Authors: Libertun de Duren Nora , Guerrero Compeán Roberto
Published: September 2015

We find that per capita municipal spending on public services is strongly and non-linearly correlated to urban population density. Optimal expenditure levels for municipal services are achieved with densities close to 9000 residents per square kilometre. In our study of about 8600 municipalities of Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico, 85% of all municipalities are below this ideal density level. This result provides strong policy support for densification, particularly in medium-sized cities of developing countries, which are currently absorbing most of the world’s urban population growth.
Barriers and (im)mobility in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Motte-Baumvol Benjamin , Bonin Olivier , David Nassi Carlos , Belton-Chevallier Leslie
Published: September 2015

In Rio de Janeiro, immobility or the share of people with no journeys on any given day is very high (46%). Immobility has a marked geographical dimension in what is a segregated city. But income has only limited explanatory power. The population structure, with high proportions of people who are not in the labour force and who are unemployed, accounts for the high levels of immobility in the poor districts. Although population structure effects prevail, spatial factors such as the severance effect also account for differences between districts. Indeed, Rio de Janeiro features many different types of barriers that affect immobility in several districts and for several population groups. These barriers may be physical or symbolic and perceptive. This study proposes therefore to identify the scope of those barriers as they affect immobility.

Our findings from the latest household travel survey available for the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (2003) illustrate the effects of the two types of barrier, physical or symbolic and perceptive, on immobility that more specifically mark out certain categories of individuals such as housewives, the elderly, the unemployed or poor workers. Conversely, the wealthier active population seems to be little affected by the two types of barriers under study. Lastly, our results show that social fragmentation does not lead to greater immobility of favela populations in the heart of rich districts, but on the contrary to increased mobility, especially for the working age population in employment or looking for employment.
Romantic Relationship Advice From Anonymous Online Helpers
Authors: Kim Jung-Eun , Weinstein Emily C. , Selman Robert L.
Published: September 2015

This empirical study investigates adolescents’ responses to peers’ personal accounts of romantic relationship difficulties posted to an online forum. We analyze 440 anonymous responses to personal accounts of four romantic relationship issues: controlling partners, break-ups, trust issues, and partner cruelty. Responses were categorized, in order of prevalence, as judgment, recommendation, words of kindness, personal experience, and probing question. Adolescents who provide recommendations most often advise that peers terminate their relationships, rather than seek help or communicate directly. However, adolescents respond differently to cruelty, as compared with the other three relationship issues. Although still likely to recommend ending the relationship in cases of cruelty, they are significantly more likely to suggest seeking help, and less likely to suggest direct communication. Adolescents also respond differently depending on the poster’s gender: They offer more Recommendations overall, and specifically more Recommendations to Seek Help and Break-up/Move on, to female than to male posters.
A rare presentation of hydropneumothorax in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: cavitation and pneumonic consolidation in a child
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Beri Rajbeer Singh
Published: September 2015

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a syndrome of wheezing, fever and eosinophilia seen predominantly in the Indian subcontinent and other tropical areas. The pathogenesis is due to an exaggerated immune response to the filarial antigens which includes type I, type III and type IV reactions with eosinophils playing a pivotal role. Leucocytosis with an absolute increase in eosinophils in the peripheral blood is the hallmark of TPE. Other criteria for the diagnosis of TPE include high titres of antifilarial antibodies, raised serum total IgE > 1000 ku/L and a favourable response to the antifilarial agent, diethyl-carbamazine. Although TPE runs a benign course, if left untreated, it could result in a fair degree of respiratory morbidity.
Psychological, family, and social factors linked with juvenile theft in Korea
Authors: Lee DongHun , Han Yoonsun , Park ManSik , Roh SeakZoon
Published: September 2015

The absence of an approach which encompasses several micro-systems in Korea may leave important factors of youth risk behaviors undetected. Thus, an examination of a broad set of ecological factors within the micro-system--including individual characteristics as well as immediate family, peer, and school environments surrounding the youth--that is associated with juvenile theft is warranted. The current study analyzes a rare dataset of 176 youth who were arrested for theft and a matching non-theft sample of 180 youth. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to examine variables related to theft engagement. Higher levels of depression was associated with greater odds of theft behavior when examining psychological factors only. Maternal positive parenting behaviors in the family model and school adjustment in the social model were significantly linked with decreased odds of theft engagement. These results may have important implications for providing counseling and educational services to adolescents arrested for theft. Findings encourage expanding the scope of the currently individual-focused program to consideration of family and school contexts that may be crucial for serving youth with theft experience.
Explaining leaving union membership by the degree of labour market attachment: Exploring the case of Germany
Authors: Leschke Janine , Vandaele Kurt
Published: September 2015

By particularly stressing the weaker labour market attachment of workers with non-standard contracts, this article contributes to the rather unexplored issue of mainly non-union-related reasons for leaving trade unions. Germany has been selected as a case study because German unions experienced a steady decline in membership, while at the same time non-standard employment arrangements increased considerably and more so than the European average. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel data, the authors construct a labour market attachment variable capturing different degrees of attachment. Their analysis shows the impact of labour market attachment and firm-level characteristics on union leaving and points especially to important differences across gender.
Autonomy-Supportive Parenting and Autonomy-Supportive Sibling Interactions
Authors: van der Kaap-Deeder Jolene , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Soenens Bart , Loeys Tom , Mabbe Elien , Gargurevich Rafael
Published: September 2015

Autonomy-supportive parenting yields manifold benefits. To gain more insight into the family-level dynamics involved in autonomy-supportive parenting, the present study addressed three issues. First, on the basis of self-determination theory, we examined whether mothers’ satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness related to autonomy-supportive parenting. Second, we investigated maternal autonomy support as an intervening variable in the mother–child similarity in psychological need satisfaction. Third, we examined associations between autonomy-supportive parenting and autonomy-supportive sibling interactions. Participants were 154 mothers ( M age = 39.45, SD = 3.96) and their two elementary school-age children ( M age = 8.54, SD = 0.89 and M age = 10.38, SD = 0.87). Although mothers’ psychological need satisfaction related only to maternal autonomy support in the younger siblings, autonomy-supportive parenting related to psychological need satisfaction in both siblings and to an autonomy-supportive interaction style between siblings. We discuss the importance of maternal autonomy support for family-level dynamics.
The Italian Version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
Authors: Mulasso Anna , Roppolo Mattia , Gobbens Robbert J. J. , Rabaglietti Emanuela
Published: September 2015

This study aims to assess the reliability, construct validity (convergent/divergent), and criterion validity of the Italian version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). The TFI is a self-report questionnaire for screening frailty in older adults. Two hundred and sixty-seven community-dwelling older adults were involved. Psychometric properties were analyzed using validated instruments. Adverse outcomes such as disability, falls, and visits to a general practitioner were detected. Participants were mainly women (59.9%), with a mean age of 73.4 years ( SD = 6.0). Internal consistency reliability was acceptable. Construct validity was good, since each item of the TFI correlated as expected with corresponding frailty measures. Convergent and divergent validity were adequate for all the domains of the TFI. Criterion validity was excellent for disability and mediocre for the other two outcomes. This study supports the validity of the Italian TFI and offers to clinicians and scientists a multidimensional instrument for identifying frail individuals in the Italian context.
Terminal decline in well-being differs between residents in East Germany and West Germany
Authors: Vogel Nina , Gerstorf Denis , Ram Nilam , Goebel Jan , Wagner Gert G.
Published: September 2015

Lifespan research has long been interested in how contexts shape individual development. Using the separation and later reunification of Germany as a kind of natural experiment we examine whether and how living and dying in the former East or West German context has differentially shaped late-life development of well-being. We apply multi-level growth models to annual reports of life satisfaction collected over 20+ years since German reunification from 4,159 deceased participants in the Socio-Economic Panel ( NWest= 3,079, Mage at death = 73.90, 47% women; NEast= 1,080, Mage at death = 72.23, 48% women). We examine differences between East and West Germany in levels, rates of change, and onset of terminal decline in well-being and the role of age at death, gender, education, disability and time spent in reunification. Analyses revealed that West Germans reported higher life satisfaction than East Germans, and that these differences get smaller both with passing time since reunification and in late life. The gap between East and West Germany diminishes over the last 10 years of life by more than 25%. Taking into account key individual characteristics only slightly attenuated this pattern, with education and age at death moderating late-life well-being level and decline in East Germany. Our results are consistent with long-standing notions that contextual factors shape individual development and illustrate the plasticity of human development. After having experienced disadvantages in life circumstances for up to 40 years through living in East Germany, effects of this natural experiment diminish considerably with passing time since reunification.
Demographic Profile of the Internet-Using Population of India
Authors: Varshney Bharti , Kumar Prashant , Sapre Vivek , Varshney Sanjeev
Published: September 2015

The study seeks to investigate the Internet usage habits among the online population in India. It intends to confirm if respondents differed on the basis of demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation and city/town tier. Based on primary research, the present study examines the differential effects of demographic variables on various online activities, their usage frequency and duration. The study proposes a possible segmentation of Internet users and a classification of Internet activities. K-mean cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been used to capture the same.

The results suggest that activity-wise usage and duration of Internet usage vary with age, occupation and city/town tier of the respondents, but not much with gender. The factor analysis suggested grouping the dependent usage and activity variables into five major factors. The article would be helpful for the Internet service providers in segmenting the Internet users and enhancing the scholars’ understanding of effect of given demographic variables on Internet usage.
Talent Management at Tesco HSC—A Case Study
Authors: Samantara Rabinarayan , Sharma Nidhi
Published: September 2015

Leadership development is a key aspect of talent management programmes and processes in organizations. In a competitive business environment, organizations seek cost-efficient ways to develop talent and are continually looking for identifying leadership qualities that will help them focus energy on the right people. This article explores the diversity of opinion on leadership ability and how emotional maturity is intrinsic to leadership ability. An empirical study involving 100 respondents at various levels of management was conducted at Tesco Hindustan Service Center, Bangalore. Respondents were asked to provide their value judgements on different aspects of emotional intelligence and leadership ability which was followed through with statistical analysis. The study supports the findings of the review of literature and corroborates the correlation between emotional maturity and leadership ability. The study also validates that the organization’s talent management practices are delivering on their intended purpose as the management pool surveyed exhibits most of the traits related to emotional intelligence and leadership ability.
Modeling impacts of globalization on desakota regions: a case study of Taipei Metropolitan Area
Authors: Sheng Wu Bing , Sui Daniel
Published: September 2015

Rapid urbanization in Asia challenges conventional urban models developed in the West in terms of economic globalization and local development. The new desakota model proposed by McGee and Ginsburg describes unique spatial structure in Asian urbanization. Although urban morphology is highlighted, urbanization processes driven by globalization and local economies are not emphasized in this descriptive model. To elaborate on how economic globalization influences urbanization processes and shapes unique spatial features in Asia, this study adopts cellular automata to develop a GIS-based urban model and simulate how foreign direct investments (FDIs), an important indicator of economic globalization, influence the local economy and the evolution of spatial structures with various levels of foreign flux. The Taipei case study confirms that growing FDIs and service activities are key factors stimulating the growth of desakota regions and the formation of a mega-urban region during the urbanization process.
Pathways to a physical activity legacy: Assessing the regeneration potential of multi-sport events using a prospective approach
Authors: Clark Julie , Kearns Ade
Published: September 2015

Urban regeneration is now commonly cited as the rationale for hosting multi-sport events. However, the concept of legacy arising from these events is contested and the evidence base in relation to benefits for the host community is weak, especially in respect of increasing physical activity and sports participation. A theory-based assessment framework is developed to provide a robust prospective assessment of the likely impacts of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games on physical activity for the host community in the East End of the city. We identify scope for change, anticipated causal pathways, and propose supporting physical activity through better designed environments as a means of generating legacy benefits at population level.
Spiritual history taking in palliative home care: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vermandere Mieke , Warmenhoven Franca , Van Severen Evie , De Lepeleire Jan , Aertgeerts Bert
Published: September 2015

Background:

Many health-care providers experience barriers to addressing spiritual needs, such as not having the right vocabulary. The ars moriendi model might be a feasible tool for spiritual history taking in palliative care.

Aim:

To investigate the effect of a structured spiritual history taking on the spiritual well-being of palliative patients in home care.

Design:

Cluster randomized controlled trial, conducted between February and October 2013.

Patients and methods:

Registered nurses and general practitioners approached eligible patients with an incurable, life-threatening disease for study participation. Health-care providers allocated to the intervention arm of the study took a spiritual history on the basis of the ars moriendi model. Health-care providers in the control arm provided care as usual. Patient-reported outcomes on spiritual well-being, quality of life, pain, and patient–provider trust were assessed at two points in time.

Results:

A total of 245 health-care providers participated in the study (204 nurses and 41 physicians). In all, 49 patient–provider dyads completed the entire study protocol. The median age of the patients was 75 years (range: 41–95 years), and 55% of the patients were female. There were no significant differences at any point in time in the scores on spiritual well-being, quality of life, pain, or patient–provider trust between the intervention and the control group.

Conclusion:

This cluster randomized controlled trial showed no demonstrable effect of spiritual history taking on patient scores for spiritual well-being, quality of life, health-care relationship trust, or pain. Further research is needed to develop instruments that accurately assess the effectiveness of spiritual interventions in palliative care populations.
Some Health States Are Better Than Others
Authors: Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Jalal Hawre J.
Published: September 2015

Background. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) may lead policy makers to take nonoptimal actions due to misestimates of decision uncertainty caused by ignoring correlations. We developed a method to establish joint uncertainty distributions of quality-of-life (QoL) weights exploiting ordinal preferences over health states. Methods. Our method takes as inputs independent, univariate marginal distributions for each QoL weight and a preference ordering. It establishes a correlation matrix between QoL weights intended to preserve the ordering. It samples QoL weight values from their distributions, ordering them with the correlation matrix. It calculates the proportion of samples violating the ordering, iteratively adjusting the correlation matrix until this proportion is below an arbitrarily small threshold. We compare our method with the uncorrelated method and other methods for preserving rank ordering in terms of violation proportions and fidelity to the specified marginal distributions along with PSA and expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) estimates, using 2 models: 1) a decision tree with 2 decision alternatives and 2) a chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) Markov model with 3 alternatives. Results. All methods make tradeoffs between violating preference orderings and altering marginal distributions. For both models, our method simultaneously performed best, with largest performance advantages when distributions reflected wider uncertainty. For PSA, larger changes to the marginal distributions induced by existing methods resulted in differing conclusions about which strategy was most likely optimal. For EVPPI, both preference order violations and altered marginal distributions caused existing methods to misestimate the maximum value of seeking additional information, sometimes concluding that there was no value. Conclusions. Analysts can characterize the joint uncertainty in QoL weights to improve PSA and value-of-information estimates using Open Source implementations of our method.
A Framework for Including Family Health Spillovers in Economic Evaluation
Authors: Al-Janabi Hareth , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner , Coast Joanna
Published: September 2015

Health care interventions may affect the health of patients’ family networks. It has been suggested that these “health spillovers” should be included in economic evaluation, but there is not a systematic method for doing this. In this article, we develop a framework for including health spillovers in economic evaluation. We focus on extra-welfarist economic evaluations where the objective is to maximize health benefits from a health care budget (the “health care perspective”). Our framework involves adapting the conventional cost-effectiveness decision rule to include 2 multiplier effects to internalize the spillover effects. These multiplier effects express the ratio of total health effects (for patients and their family networks) to patient health effects. One multiplier effect is specified for health benefit generated from providing a new intervention, one for health benefit displaced by funding this intervention. We show that using multiplier effects to internalize health spillovers could change the optimal funding decisions and generate additional health benefits to society.
Flat detector C-arm CT-guidance system in performing percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of small (≤3 cm) pulmonary lesions
Authors: Jiao De-chao , Li Zong-ming , Yuan Hui-feng , Zhang Quan-hui , Ren Jian-Zhuang , Zhou Peng-li , Wu Gang , Han Xin-wei
Published: September 2015

Background

Nowadays, flat detector (FD) equipped angiographic C-arm computed tomography (CACT) systems can be used to acquire CT-like cross-sectional images directly within the interventional suite. The CACT systems offer real time visualization of transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) procedure and more flexibility in the orientation of the detector system around the patient compared to traditional CT systems.

Purpose

To evaluate the value of a flat detector C-arm CT-guidance system in performing percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for small (≤3 cm) pulmonary lesions in clinical practice.

Material and Methods

A total of 60 patients with solid lung lesions were retrospectively enrolled to undergo PTNB procedures. The mean diameter of lesions was 2.3 ± 0.6 cm (range, 0.6–3 cm). The needle path was carefully planned and calculated on the C-arm CT system, which acquired three-dimensional CT-like cross-sectional images. The PTNB procedures were performed under needle guidance with fluoroscopic feedbacks.

Results

Histopathologic tissue was successfully obtained from 59 patients with a puncture success rate of 98.3% (59/60). The diagnostic accuracy rate was found to be 91.5% (54/59). There were only two cases of pneumothorax (3.3%) requiring therapy. The rates of pneumothorax and hemoptysis were low (15.0% [9/60] and 8.3% [5/60], respectively). The overall procedural time was in the range of 12–18 min, resulting in a mean exposure dose of 224.4 ± 4.8 mGy.

Conclusion

Our study shows that C-arm CT-based needle guidance enables reliable and efficient needle positioning and progression by providing real-time intraoperative guidance for small (≤3 cm) pulmonary lesions in clinical practice.
Variation of bilateral transverse ligament tubercles with age and gender in a large series of subjects on multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Ban Yongguang , Luan Qinhua , Liu Kai , Wang Ximing , Sun Bo , Zhao Bin , Chhabra Avneesh
Published: September 2015

Background

The transverse ligament tubercles play an important role in maintaining the stability of upper cervical spine, but the variation of these tubercles with aging has not been studied systematically.

Purpose

To evaluate the variation of the height of the transverse ligament tubercles with respect to age and gender, and assess side-to-side differences on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Material and Methods

A consecutive series of 291 Chinese patients undergoing a head or neck MDCT were divided into eight age groups. The bony anatomy of the atlas was displayed symmetrically by aligning the axial plane and the mean height of bilateral transverse ligament tubercles was measured. The height was correlated with age and gender and side-to-side differences were analyzed. Finally, the inter-observer performance was assessed.

Results

No transverse ligament tubercles were seen in 51 cases (17.5%, 51/291) and unilateral transverse ligament tubercles were seen in two cases (0.7%, 2/291). Bilateral transverse ligament tubercles were observed in 238 cases (81.8%, 238/291). The average height of the left and right tubercles were 2.68 ± 1.58 mm and 2.68 ± 1.54 mm, respectively, with no significant side-to-side differences (t = 0.061, P > 0.05). The height was also similar in both genders (left: t = 0.497, P > 0.05, right: t = 0.730, P > 0.05). The height increased linearly with age (left: r = 0.513, P < 0.05, right: r = 0.516, P < 0.05). The inter-observer reliability was excellent.

Conclusion

The height of the transverse ligament tubercles on MDCT linearly increases with increasing age with no significant differences among the genders or the side measured.
Efficacy of early intravenous bolus oxycodone or fentanyl in emergence from general anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized trial
Authors: Choi Yoon-Ji , Park Sang-Wook , Kwon Hyun-Jung , Choi Jae-Moon , Lee Yu-Mi
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To compare prospectively the efficacy of early intravenous bolus of oxycodone or fentanyl in providing analgesia at emergence from general anaesthesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 0.08 mg/kg oxycodone (Group O) or 1 µg/kg fentanyl (Group F), 20 min before the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The time to first postoperative analgesic dose, requirement for analgesia and side-effects were assessed in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU).

Results

The VAS scores at 0 min and 30 min and requirement for analgesia were significantly lower in Group O ( n = 28) than in Group F ( n = 26). The time to first analgesia dose was significantly longer in Group O than Group F. There were no significant between-group differences in the incidence of side-effects.

Conclusions

Oxycodone relieves immediate postoperative pain significantly better than fentanyl, and is not associated with an increase in side-effects in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
What Gaze Fixation and Pupil Dilation Can Tell Us About Perceived Differences Between Abstract Art by Artists Versus by Children and Animals
Authors: Alvarez Sergio A. , Winner Ellen , Hawley-Dolan Angelina , Snapper Leslie
Published: September 2015

People with no arts background often misunderstand abstract art as requiring no skill. However, adults with no art background discriminate paintings by abstract expressionists from superficially similar works by children and animals. We tested whether participants show different visual exploration when looking at paintings by artists’ versus children or animals. Participants sat at an eye tracker and viewed paintings by artists paired with “similar” paintings by children or animals, and were asked which they preferred and which was better. Mean duration of eye gaze fixations, total fixation time, and spatial extent of visual exploration was greater to the artist than child or animal images in response to quality but not preference. Pupil dilation was greater to the artist images in response to both questions and greater in response to the quality than preference question. Explicit selections of images paralleled total fixation times: Participants selected at chance for preference, but selected the artist images above chance in response to quality. Results show that lay adults respond differently on both an implicit as well as explicit measure when thinking about preference versus quality in art and discriminate abstract paintings by artists from superficially similar works by children and animals, despite the popular misconception by the average viewer that “my kid could have done that.”
Knowledge and the politics of land
Authors: Pritchard Sara B , Wolf Steven A , Wolford Wendy
Published: September 2015

In this special issue, the authors provide in-depth historical and contemporary studies to examine how land is known and the ways in which land management and expertise are produced, disseminated, experienced and contested. The papers analyze the production of models, frameworks, calculations, tools, and ideas that shape land use and access to resources. These empirical and conceptual insights are particularly critical today as declarations of crisis precipitate the search for ‘new,’ ‘empty,’ or ‘unproductive’ land. The themes of expertise, (in)visibility/ignorance, displacements, and crisis frame our treatment of the relationship between knowledge and the politics of land management.
A critique of neo-mercantilist analyses of Icelandic political economy and crisis
Authors: Belfrage Claes , Bergmann Eirikur , Berry David M.
Published: September 2015

Iceland’s journey from rags to riches in the 20th century is related, in the dominant discourse, to its gaining independence in 1944. This discourse played a significant role in both the legitimation of the finance-dominated growth model in the 1990s and 2000s and in the latter’s defence as it came under scrutiny before its collapse in October 2008. It is therefore ironic – or perhaps, in some sense, logical – to find dominant analyses of the crisis arising from the neo-mercantilist tradition. Drawing on Marxist critiques of neo-mercantilism, we challenge these interventions and thus seek to redress the neglect of social struggle in the dominant discourse.
Rational corporation meets disciplined worker: The (re)production of class subjects in corporate crime law reform
Authors: Bittle Steven
Published: September 2015

This paper uses Canada’s corporate criminal liability legislation as an empirical exemplar with which to interrogate the limits of using the law to address the abuses of corporate power and to protect workers’ safety. The author draws from Althusser’s notion of interpellation to contemplate whether demands to discipline corporations through the law, particularly by labour/unions, misrecognise the problems of workplace safety, including that workers are routinely injured and killed in the pursuit of surplus profits. The author concludes that the problems of workplace safety ultimately demand broader strategies that challenge and transform the capitalist mode of production.
Vertigo/dizziness in pediatric emergency department: Five years’ experience
Authors: Raucci Umberto , Vanacore Nicola , Paolino Maria Chiara , Silenzi Romina , Mariani Rosanna , Urbano Antonella , Reale Antonino , Villa Maria Pia , Parisi Pasquale
Published: September 2015

Background

Vertigo/Dizziness in childhood is not a rare cause of visits to the emergency department (ED). We analyzed a selected group with vertigo/dizziness to identify signs and symptoms that may help to guide the diagnostic approach and management.

Methods

A total of 616 children admitted for vertigo to the ED over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Their medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory and neuroimaging tests, final diagnoses and management were analyzed.

Results

Migraine and syncope were the most frequent causes. Two patients were affected by life-threatening cardiac syncope, while structural life-threatening central nervous system diseases were found in 15 patients, none of whom presented with vertigo as an isolated clinical finding.

Conclusions

Most cases of vertigo/dizziness in childhood that consist mainly of migraine and syncope are of benign origin. The prompt identification of neurological or cardiological signs or symptoms associated with vertigo in children is mandatory to rule out life-threatening conditions.
Epidemiology of Exercise- and Sports-Related Injuries in a Population of Young, Physically Active Adults
Authors: Hauret Keith G. , Bedno Sheryl , Loringer Kelly , Kao Tzu-Cheg , Mallon Timothy , Jones Bruce H.
Published: September 2015

Background:

Numerous studies document the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle, but relatively few document the hazards of physical activity. Because of the requirement for physical fitness to complete their mission, the United States military services have a vested interest in understanding the benefits and risks of physical activity including exercise and sports. One of these risks is injury. Rates and proportion of injuries caused by exercise- and sports-related (ESR) activities have not been reported previously across the services.

Purpose:

The purposes of this population survey were to (1) document the rates and proportion of all injuries caused by ESR activities among military personnel, (2) compare rates across the military services, and (3) describe the causes and types of ESR injuries as well as associated days of limited activity.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The Defense Manpower Data Center administered the web-based 2008 Status of Forces Survey of Active Duty Service Members to a random sample of active-duty personnel. In all, 10,692 servicemembers completed the survey, which included questions about injuries from any cause and from exercise and sports during the previous year. Responses were weighted to produce population estimates for injury rates (any injury and ESR injury). Percentage distributions were used to describe activities, injury types, days of limited activity, and contributing factors for ESR injuries.

Results:

There were 49% of servicemembers who sustained an injury from any cause in the previous year; 25% had an ESR injury. Thus, 52% of all injuries were ESR injuries. ESR injury rates ranged from 20% for the Navy to 33% for the Marine Corps. Running accounted for 45% of ESR injuries. Forty percent of ESR injuries were sprains and strains. As an indicator of injury severity, 35% of ESR injuries required more than 2 weeks of limited activity.

Conclusion:

This study quantified the overall incidence of injuries and the large proportion that are caused by exercise and sports among military personnel, a population of healthy, physically active adults. Prevention strategies should focus on running, weight training, basketball, and football. Recommendations include adherence to evidence-based practices to reduce the occurrence of ESR injuries.
Web-Based Assessment of Children’s Social-Emotional Comprehension
Authors: McKown Clark , Russo-Ponsaran Nicole M. , Johnson Jason K. , Russo Jaclyn , Allen Adelaide
Published: September 2015

This article presents results from two studies that included ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples totaling 4,462 children in kindergarten through third grade. Each study examined the psychometric properties of a web-based, self-administered battery of assessments of social-emotional comprehension called “SELweb.” Assessment modules measured children’s ability to read facial expressions, infer others’ perspectives, solve social problems, delay gratification, and tolerate frustration. Both studies provided evidence that (a) individual assessment modules exhibited moderate to high internal consistency and low to moderate test–retest reliability; (b) composite assessment scores exhibited high reliability; (c) together, assessment modules demonstrated a theoretically coherent factor structure; (d) factor scores demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity; and (e) controlling for IQ and demographic characteristics, performance on the assessment modules was positively related to peer acceptance, teacher report of social skills, and multiple indicators of academic achievement, and negatively related to teacher report of problem behaviors.
Informative, Compare and Contrast, and Persuasive Essay Composing of Fifth and Seventh Graders
Authors: Davidson Matt , Berninger Virginia
Published: September 2015

Typically developing writers in fifth ( n = 110, M = 10 years 8 months) or seventh ( n = 97, M = 12 years 7 months) grade wrote informative, compare and contrast, and persuasive essays for which the content was held constant—two mountains with a history of volcanic eruption. Relevant background knowledge was provided by reading text and showing colorful illustrations to the students before writing each genre. Results showed considerable variability between genre pairs within and across individual writers in content quality, organization quality, and length. Results, which support multiple expository genres, are consistent with prior research showing multiple genres (narrative vs. expository or even within narrative). Results are discussed in reference to the importance of assessing multiple genres in inferring composing expertise as emphasized by Olinghouse and colleagues.
Intergenerational Transmission of Marital Violence: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample of Men
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta , Murshid Navine
Published: September 2015

The present study assesses the association between childhood exposure to parental violence and perpetration of marital violence as adults among a representative sample of 3,396 men in Bangladesh. We used secondary analysis of survey data from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007 to examine factors associated with perpetration of martial violence among 3,396 ever-married men between the ages of 16 and 50 years. Outcome measure, marital violence perpetration, was measured using a modified Conflict Tactics Scale, and predictor variables included childhood exposure to parental violence, justification of marital violence, marital duration, religion, and demographic variables. Results indicate that marital violence perpetration is significantly associated with childhood exposure to marital violence, suggesting a cycle of violence that is maintained across generations. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Out With the Old and in With the New? An Empirical Comparison of Supervised Learning Algorithms to Predict Recidivism
Authors: Duwe Grant , Kim KiDeuk
Published: September 2015

Recent research has produced mixed results as to whether newer machine learning algorithms outperform older, more traditional methods such as logistic regression in predicting recidivism. In this study, we compared the performance of 12 supervised learning algorithms to predict recidivism among offenders released from Minnesota prisons. Using multiple predictive validity metrics, we assessed the performance of these algorithms across varying sample sizes, recidivism base rates, and number of predictors in the data set. The newer machine learning algorithms generally yielded better predictive validity results. LogitBoost had the best overall performance, followed by Random forests, MultiBoosting, bagged trees, and logistic model trees. Still, the gap between the best and worst algorithms was relatively modest, and none of the methods performed the best in each of the 10 scenarios we examined. The results suggest that multiple methods, including machine learning algorithms, should be considered in the development of recidivism risk assessment instruments.
Forests, Families, and Films
Authors: Kosicki Piotr H.
Published: September 2015

Taking theoretical cues from the respective works of Jan and Aleida Assmann and Dan Diner, this article has two fundamentally linked goals: to historicize Polish cultural memory of Katyń, emplotting it within a narrative arc encompassing the seven decades separating 1943 from 2015; and to identify individual and collective agency within the history of Polish memory of Katyń. Certainly, the word “Katyń” exists variously as toponym, as metonym, as rallying cry. Yet the historical narratives anchored in that word are the outcomes of actions taken by concrete actors—individuals, states, social movements, international institutions. Although this article takes seriously the many theoretical frameworks undergirding the academic study of collective memory, its principal focus is the balance of historical contingency and structure that has constituted discrete, identifiable episodes of both commemorating and forgetting.
Silence and (In)visibility in Men’s Accounts of Coping with Stressful Life Events
Authors: Schwab Joseph R. , Addis Michael E. , Reigeluth Christopher S. , Berger Joshua L.
Published: September 2015

The present study investigates the importance of emotional disclosure and vulnerability in the production of hegemonic masculinities. Of particular interest is the role that silence and invisibility play in how men talk about recent stressful life events. One-on-one interviews with men who experienced a stressful life event in the past year illustrate how men often talk about these events in simultaneously visible and invisible ways. We use the term “cloudy visibility” to describe this engagement, identified both in terms of what men articulate in relation to their past stressful experiences and how they articulate these experiences within the present moment of the interview. The conversational consequences of these linguistic devices are analyzed to illustrate how men obscure their inner emotional lives, thus reproducing hegemonic masculine ideals of staying strong and stoic in the face of adversity, while they also seek to make aspects of their inner lives seen and heard to an interviewer.
Psychiatric Conditions in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Buoli Massimiliano , Caldiroli Alice , Altamura Alfredo Carlo
Published: September 2015

Psychiatric conditions often complicate the outcome of patients affected by Parkinson disease (PD), but they differ from classical psychiatric disorders in terms of underlying biological mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment response. The purpose of the present review is to illustrate the biological and clinical aspects of psychiatric conditions associated with PD, with particular reference to the differences with respect to classical psychiatric disorders. A careful search of articles on main databases was performed in order to obtain a comprehensive review about the main psychiatric conditions associated with PD. A manual selection of the articles was then performed in order to consider only those articles that concerned with the topic of the review. Psychiatric conditions in patients with PD present substantial differences with respect to classical psychiatric disorders. Their clinical presentation does not align with the symptom profiles represented by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases. Furthermore, psychiatry treatment guidelines are of poor help in managing psychiatric symptoms of patients with PD. Specific diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines are needed to allow early diagnosis and adequate treatment of psychiatric conditions in comorbidity with PD.