bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene
Authors: van Dijk Evelien J. C. , Jungclaus Johann , Sigl Michael , Timmreck Claudia , Krüger Kirstin
Published: May 2024

Understanding climate variability across interannual to centennial timescales is critical, as it encompasses the natural range of climate fluctuations that early human agricultural societies had to adapt to. Deviations from the long-term mean climate are often associated with both societal collapse and periods of prosperity and expansion. Here, we show that contrary to what global paleoproxy reconstructions suggest, the mid to late-Holocene was not a period of climate stability. We use mid- to late-Holocene Earth System Model simulations, forced by state-of-the-art reconstructions of external climate forcing to show that eleven long-lasting cold periods occurred in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 8000 years. These periods correlate with enhanced volcanic activity, where the clustering of volcanic eruptions induced a prolonged cooling effect through gradual ocean-sea ice feedback. These findings challenge the prevailing notion of the Holocene as a period characterized by climate stability, as portrayed in multi-proxy climate reconstructions. Instead, our simulations provide an improved representation of amplitude and timing of temperature variations on sub-centennial timescales.
Non-uniform magnetic fields for single-electron control
Authors: Ballicchia Mauro , Etl Clemens , Nedjalkov Mihail , Weinbub Josef
Published: May 2024

Our work investigates mechanisms for single-electron control based on non-uniform magnetic fields. Such fields can give rise to specific patterns such as snake trajectories and edge states, which characterize the electron evolution.
Electric Field-Driven Dual-Rotation in Molecular Motors: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Hu Bo , Wen Jin
Published: May 2024

Understanding the interaction between molecular motors and their environment is crucial for their practical applications. In this study, we utilized classical molecular dynamics simu- lations to investigate the dynamic behavior...
Gradual solid-state redox-isomerism in the lanthanide series
Authors: Lukina Daria A. , Skatova Alexandra A. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Demeshko Serhiy V. , Meyer Franc , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: May 2024

The dithiocarbamate derivative [(ArBIG-bian)Yb{SC(S)NMe2}(dme)] (2) exhibits a unique gradual solid-state redox-isomerism that involves a temperature-induced reversible electron transfer between the metal and the ligand.
Preparation of hydrophobic layered double hydroxide-based composite pigments via octyltriethoxysilane surface modification for cosmetic applications
Authors: Wang Ruiying , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Xi , Liu Qi
Published: May 2024

Pigments play a pivotal role in the cosmetic industry, in which the development of pigments with concurrent color diversity, hydrophobicity, biocompatibility and photostability remains a great challenge.
Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane
Authors: Uttendorfer Maria K. , Hierlmeier Gabriele , Balázs Gábor , Wolf Robert
Published: May 2024

The reduction of (tBuCP)2 with alkali metals affords the anion (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)−. Coordination studies of the anion have yielded organometallic sandwich complexes, while the hexaphosphane tBu4C4P6 was obtained by oxidation.
Borylation and rearrangement reactions of azasilaanthracenes to afford B,N-doped nanographenes
Authors: Zender Elena , Valverde Danillo , Neubaur Robert , Karger Sebastian , Virovets Alexander , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans-Wolfram , Olivier Yoann , Wagner Matthias
Published: May 2024

Si/B exchange, skeletal rearrangement, and electrophilic borylation reactions convert an azasilaanthracene into a B3,N3-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, for which theory predicts potential as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter.
In situ polymerization of solid-state polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: a review
Authors: Zou Shuhao , Yang Yan , Wang Jiarui , Zhou Xuanyi , Wan Xuanhong , Zhu Min , Liu Jun
Published: May 2024

The practical application of commercialized lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) currently faces challenges due to using liquid electrolytes (LEs), including limited energy density and insufficient safety performance.
Using a systematic and quantitative approach to generate new insights into drug loading of PLGA nanoparticles using nanoprecipitation
Authors: Hamdallah Sherif I. , Zoqlam Randa , Yang Bin , Campbell Andrew , Booth Rebecca , Booth Jonathan , Belton Peter , Qi Sheng
Published: May 2024

An exploratory investigation into the molecular-level determinants influencing efficient drug loading in PLGA nanoparticles using a nanoprecipitation method.
Advancing elastomer performance with dynamic bond networks in polymer-grafted single-chain nanoparticles: a molecular dynamics exploration
Authors: Wei Yuan , Yue Tongkui , Li Haoxiang , Duan Pengwei , Zhao Hengheng , Chen Qionghai , Li Sai , Fang Xiaoyu , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun
Published: May 2024

This study explores how varying quantities and spatial distributions of functional groups on grafted polymer chains influence the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
A hydrogel-functionalized silver nanocluster for bacterial-infected wound healing
Authors: Wei Zhezhen , Xu Tingting , Wang Cong , Liu Shuai , Zhang Wenjing , Sun Jianan , Yu Huan , Shi Hui , Song Yongbo
Published: May 2024

An Ag NC-gel with exceptional bactericidal activity, anti-inflammatory performance and biosafety was prepared, which can significantly accelerate the healing of infected wounds.
Brønsted acid-catalyzed regioselective ring opening of 2H-azirines by 2-mercaptopyridines and related heterocycles; one pot access to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles
Authors: Biswas Subrata , Roy Arnab , Duari Surajit , Maity Srabani , Elsharif Asma M. , Biswas Srijit
Published: May 2024

A TfOH-catalysed ring opening of 2H-azirines by 2-mercaptopyridines and thiazole-2-thiols is reported to access imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles in one pot.
Asymmetric synthesis of atropisomeric arylpyrazoles via direct arylation of 5-aminopyrazoles with naphthoquinones
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Wei Xingfu , Wang Yue , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: May 2024

The direct arylation realizes the transform of central into axial chirality, and successfully synthesizes atropisomeric arylpyrazoles.
Constructing self-supported Pt/MoO2 on molybdenum mesh for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Panpan , Yang Yunli , Zhang Jian , Zhou Meisa , Zhang Heng , Liu Guilong , Wu Naiteng , Yuan Changzhou , Liu Xianming
Published: May 2024

Pt is efficiently deposited onto a self-supported MoO2 electrode with a low loading, resulting in excellent performance in the HER process.
Alchemical approach performance in calculating the ligand-binding free energy
Authors: Ngo Son Tung , Thai Quynh Mai , Nguyen Trung Hai , Tuan Nguyen Ngoc , Pham T. Ngoc Han , Phung Huong T. T. , Quang Duong Tuan
Published: May 2024

FEP calculation performance depends on the considered targets.
Periodic table screening for enhanced positive contrast in MRI and in vivo uptake in glioblastoma
Authors: Herraiz Aitor , Morales M. Puerto , Martínez-Parra Lydia , Arias-Ramos Nuria , López-Larrubia Pilar , Gutiérrez Lucía , Mejías Jesús , Díaz-Ufano Carlos , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Herranz Fernando
Published: May 2024

Exploration of the periodic table to find nanoparticles with the best positive contrast features in MRI led to improved magnetic resonance angiography and glioblastoma in vivo uptake.
Deciphering interfacial charge transfer mechanisms in electrochemical energy systems through impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Panigrahi Karamjyoti , Mal Santanu , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: May 2024

Employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a non-destructive analytical tool for elucidating the interfacial charge transfer in electrochemical energy conversion/storage systems.
Catalytic oxidation mechanism of ethyl acetate on O-ligand-single-atom-Ni/2-dimensional reduced graphene oxide: the essential role of the O ligand
Authors: Wang Xinjie , Li Juntian , Li Juan , Jing Binghua , Sun Yun , Wang Teng , Li Didi , Huang Haibo , Ao Zhimin
Published: May 2024

The catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate by SANi5-O-2DRGO is an example to display the electron transfer and detailed structural changes of the O ligand.
Self-adhesive polyzwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes for long-life flexible zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yahui , Lan Binxu , Cheng Yin , Shi Liangjing , Sun Jing , Sun Shijiao , Wang Ranran
Published: May 2024

A polyzwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte with ion migration channels is developed to ensure the excellent electrochemical stability of zinc-ion batteries.
Facile synthesis of naphthalene-based porous organic salts for photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines in air
Authors: Wang Shijie , Chen Juan , Chang Yanan , Wang Shuo , Meng Chaoran , Long Zhouyang , Chen Guojian
Published: May 2024

Facile synthesis of an extended π-conjugated naphthalene-based porous organic salt for the visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines in air.
A high-efficiency blue multiple resonance emitter with enhanced horizontal emitting dipole orientation based on indolocarbazole
Authors: Fan Tianjiao , Liu Qiwei , Duan Lian , Zhang Dongdong
Published: May 2024

An indolocarbazole substituent is introduced during the multiple resonance emitter fabrication with a related P-type electroluminescence device exhibited high maximum efficiency of 11.5% and a negligible efficiency roll-off.
Striatin plays a major role in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy in mice in vivo
Authors: Cull Joshua J. , Cooper Susanna T.E. , Alharbi Hajed O. , Chothani Sonia P. , Rackham Owen J.L. , Meijles Daniel N. , Dash Philip R. , Kerkelä Risto , Ruparelia Neil , Sugden Peter H. , Clerk Angela
Published: May 2024

The three striatins (STRN, STRN3, STRN4) form the core of STRiatin-Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complexes. These place protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in proximity to protein kinases thereby restraining kinase activity and regulating key cellular processes. Our aim was to establish if striatins play a significant role in cardiac remodelling associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. All striatins were expressed in control human hearts, with up-regulation of STRN and STRN3 in failing hearts. We used mice with global heterozygote gene deletion to assess the roles of STRN and STRN3 in cardiac remodelling induced by angiotensin II (AngII; 7 days). Using echocardiography, we detected no differences in baseline cardiac function or dimensions in STRN+/− or STRN3+/− male mice (8 weeks) compared with wild-type littermates. Heterozygous gene deletion did not affect cardiac function in mice treated with AngII, but the increase in left ventricle mass induced by AngII was inhibited in STRN+/− (but not STRN3+/−) mice. Histological staining indicated that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was inhibited. To assess the role of STRN in cardiomyocytes, we converted the STRN knockout line for inducible cardiomyocyte-specific gene deletion. There was no effect of cardiomyocyte STRN knockout on cardiac function or dimensions, but the increase in left ventricle mass induced by AngII was inhibited. This resulted from inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The data indicate that cardiomyocyte striatin is required for early remodelling of the heart by AngII and identify the striatin-based STRIPAK system as a signalling paradigm in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Results of a 6-Month Field Trial of a Transitional Intervention for Debilitating Hyperacusis
Authors: Formby Craig , Cherri Dana , Secor Carrie A. , Armstrong Steve , Juneau Roger , Hutchison Peter , Eddins David A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

We present results from a 6-month field trial of a transitional intervention for debilitating primary hyperacusis, including a combination of structured counseling; promotion of safe, comfortable, and healthy sound exposure; and therapeutic broadband sound from sound generators. This intervention is designed to overcome barriers to successful delivery of therapeutic sound as a tool to downregulate neural hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways (i.e., the maladaptive mechanism believed to account for primary hyperacusis) and, together with the counseling, reduce the associated negative emotional and physiological reactions to debilitating hyperacusis.

Method:

Twelve adults with normal or near-normal audiometric thresholds, complaints consistent with their pretreatment loudness discomfort levels ≤ 75 dB HL at multiple frequencies, and hearing questionnaire scores ≥ 24 completed the sound therapy–based intervention. The low-level broadband therapeutic sound was delivered by ear-level devices fitted bilaterally with either occluding earpieces and output-limiting loudness suppression (LS; to limit exposure to offensive sound levels) or open domes to maximize comfort and exposure to sound therapy. Thresholds for LS (primary outcome) were incrementally adjusted across six monthly visits based on treatment-driven change in loudness judgments for running speech in sound field. Secondary outcomes included categorical loudness judgments, speech understanding, and questionnaires to assess the hyperacusis problem, quality of life, and depression. An exit survey assessed satisfaction with and benefit from the intervention and the counseling, therapeutic sound, and LS components.

Results:

The mean change in LS (34.8 dB) was highly significant (effect size = 2.045). Eleven of 12 participants achieved ≥ 16-dB change in LS, consistent with highly significant change in sound-based questionnaire scores. Exit surveys indicated satisfaction with and benefit from the intervention.

Conclusion:

The transitional intervention was successful in improving the hyperacusis conditions of 11 of 12 study participants while reducing their sound avoidance behaviors and reliance on sound protection.
RGB‐D road segmentation based on cross‐modality feature maintenance and encouragement
Authors: Yuan Xia , Wu Xinyi , Cui Yanchao , Zhao Chunxia
Published: May 2024

Deep images can provide rich spatial structure information, which can effectively exclude the interference of illumination and road texture in road scene segmentation and make better use of the prior knowledge of road area. This paper first proposes a new cross‐modal feature maintenance and encouragement network. It includes a quantization statistics module as well as a maintenance and encouragement module for effective fusion between multimodal data. Meanwhile, for the problem that if the road segmentation is performed directly using a segmentation network, there will be a lack of supervised guidance with clear physical meaningful information and poor interpretability of learning features, this paper proposes two road segmentation models based on prior knowledge of deep image: disparity information and surface normal vector information. Then, a two‐branch neural network is used to process the colour image and the processed depth image separately, to achieve the full utilization of the complementary features of the two modalities. The experimental results on the KITTI road dataset and Cityscapes dataset show that the method in this paper has good road segmentation performance and high computational efficiency.
Évaluation du potentiel pouzzolanique de la cendre de déchet de palmiste pour son utilisation comme ajout cimentaire
Authors: Akon N’Chiain Jean-François Rigis , Kouadio Koffi Clément , Traore Brahiman , Kouakou Conand Honoré , Emeruwa Edjikémé
Published: May 2024

Les cendres de déchets de palmiste proviennent de l’utilisation des déchets de palmiste (fibres et Coques) comme combustible pour l’alimentation des chaudières, dans certaines huileries de palme en Côte d’Ivoire. Ces cendres sont stockées sur les sites de production, constituant ainsi des déchets. La production du ciment portland étant l’une des principales sources de production de CO2, pour atténuer son impact sur l’environnement l’usage des ajouts cimentaires se présente comme une solution. Cette étude vise à valoriser les cendres de déchets de palmiste, à travers leur utilisation comme ajouts cimentaires. Pour ce faire, les cendres prélevées, ont été soumises après traitement, à des analyses de caractérisation physiques (analyse granulométrique, masse volumique absolue et surface spécifique), chimique (XRF), minéralogique (DRX) et mécanique (résistance à la compression), afin d’évaluer leur potentiel pouzzolanique. Les résultats obtenus indiquent une surface spécifique Blaine de 3600 g/m2 pour une masse volumique absolue de 2,50 g/cm3 et un diamètre médian (D50) de 23 µm. L’analyse chimique indique qu’il s’agit de cendres siliceuses avec SiO2 (80,91 %) et composées de silico-aluminate [(SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) = 83,62 %]. L’analyse minéralogique indique que la cendre est constituée d’une phase amorphe (71,55 %) et d’une phase cristallisée (28,45 %). La phase cristallisée est composée de Quartz (6,82 %), Cristobalite (3,74 %), Mullite (12,49 %) et de Magnétite (1,95 %). La résistance à la compression des blocs réalisés, indique une augmentation de la résistance pour des taux de substitution allant jusqu’à 15 %. Les indices d’activités pouzzolaniques à 28 jours sont tous supérieurs à 0,67 pour tous les taux de substitution. Ces résultats montrent que cette cendre peut être utilisée comme ajout cimentaire.
Theoretical characterization of NdPd material for cryogenic cooling applications
Authors: Labdere Outman , Essajai Rida , Sabor Aboubakre , Benyoussef Safae , Salmani El Mehdi , Fahoume Mounir , Boutahar Abderrahim , Laasri Said , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid
Published: May 2024

In this investigation, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of NdPd compound, focusing on its fundamental properties, magnetic behavior, and potential for magnetocaloric applications. The approach involved a combination of ab-initio calculations and MCs. Notably, the computed magnetic moment for the Nd atom stands at 3.11µB, close to the experimental value. Moreover, the exchange couplings of Nd-Nd interactions have unearthed intriguing insights: the initial two exchange couplings (J1= 1.593 meV and J2=-0.358 meV) exhibit positive signs, indicative of ferromagnetic tendencies. Another result from our simulations is the discovery of ferromagnetic ordering within the NdPd compound, which takes place at a critical temperature (Tc of 16K. Additionally, we observed the isothermal magnetic entropy in a 5T magnetic field around the Curie temperature, exhibiting remarkable agreement with laboratory results. This discovery implies that utilizing NdPd for magnetic refrigeration can show significant potential for effectively cooling cryogenic systems operating within temperatures below 20K.
Stammzelltherapie bei Pyoderma gangraenosum
Authors: Stopp Johanna , Grigorjan Philipp , Christoph Thomas , Ziller Fabian , Kaatz Martin
Published: May 2024

Das Pyoderma gangraenosum ist ein seltene autoinflammatorische 1 neutrophilenreiche Dermatitis/Pannikulitis. Wir stellen eine 59-jährige Patientin vor, die an einem Mammakarzinom behandelt wurde und nachfolgend einen ausgedehnten Hautdefekt entwickelte. Über ein Jahrzehnt später konnte dann erstmals ein Pyoderma gangraenosum diagnostiziert werden. Trotz einer konsequenten immunsuppressiven Therapie kam es zur weiteren Ausdehnung des Befunds. Unter der Anwendung einer Stammzelltherapie und dem Einsatz von Biologika verkleinert sich der Befund gegenwärtig langsam.
Die Versorgung von an Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen mit
Kognitiver Remediationstherapie – Ergebnisse einer Befragung in psychiatrischen
Kliniken in Deutschland
Authors: Schuster Tim , Riesbeck Mathias , Kamp Daniel , Gaebel Wolfgang , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet , Wölwer Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis gehen mit deutlichen kognitiven
Beeinträchtigungen einher, die nach klinischer Symptomremission oft noch in
relevantem Ausmaß persistieren und negative Auswirkungen auf die psychosoziale
Funktionsfähigkeit haben. Diese Beeinträchtigungen werden von Betroffenen oft
als sehr belastend erlebt. Unter dem Oberbegriff der Kognitiven
Remediationstherapie (CRT) stehen hierzu zunehmend evidenzbasierte
Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung, die sowohl die jeweiligen kognitiven
Zielfunktionen als auch das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau verbessern. Nach
Expertenempfehlungen sollten dabei mindestens 20 Sitzungen durchgeführt werden,
die von qualifiziertem therapeutischem Personal begleitet werden. Die aktuelle
Auflage der S3 Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN)
empfiehlt CRT mit dem höchsten Empfehlungsgrad. Unklar ist in diesem
Zusammenhang, wie stark CRT in die stationäre Routineversorgung Einzug genommen
hat. Zu dieser Frage wurden 395 psychiatrische Universitäts- und
nichtuniversitäre psychiatrische Fachkliniken in Deutschland zwischen Juli 2021
und Mai 2022 angeschrieben und gebeten, einen 14 Items umfassenden Fragebogen zu
beantworten. Insgesamt nahmen 26,1% (n=103) der Einrichtungen an der Befragung
teil. Hiervon nutzen 56,3% der Kliniken mindestens ein evidenzbasiertes
CRT-Verfahren. Bei den eingesetzten CRT-Verfahren wurden Cogpack, Rehacom und
das Integrierte Psychologische Therapieprogramm (IPT) am häufigsten genannt. In
87,5% der teilnehmenden Einrichtungen erhalten weniger als die Hälfte der an
Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen eine CRT. Bezogen auf die Kliniken, die ein
evidenzbasiertes CRT-Verfahren einsetzen, werden bei 64,3% dabei weniger als 11
Therapieeinheiten durchgeführt, bei 28,6% zwischen 11 und 20 Einheiten und bei
7,2% mehr als 20 Einheiten. Die geringe Rückantwortquote von 26,1% und mögliche
Selektionseffekte für die Teilnahme an der Studie sind als Limitationen zu
bewerten und wurden kritisch diskutiert. Dennoch legen die Ergebnisse der
Befragung nahe, dass CRT zumindest in den teilnehmenden psychiatrischen Kliniken
in Deutschland bislang noch nicht flächendeckend, noch nicht bei allen an
Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen und noch nicht in ausreichender Intensität
angeboten wird. Zudem zeigt sich seitens der Kliniken der Wunsch nach mehr
technischen und personellen Ressourcen und einer umfangreicheren
Kompetenzentwicklung zur CRT-Anwendung.
Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Obstetric Doctors in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Mohamed Hisham Yacoub , Buzaid Najat Omer , Eljazwi Imhemed A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects the mother and fetus. Its diagnosis and management are of great importance to prevent complications. Mothers with GDM are at great risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and metabolic changes can persist for 3 years postdelivery. We assessed the knowledge and practice of obstetricians working at Benghazi Medical Centre (BMC) regarding gestational diabetes.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the obstetric department of BMC; we included all postgraduate doctors in July 2021 in the study. The questionnaire included demographic data and questions related to knowledge regarding the definition of GDM, diagnosis, and complications to the mother and fetus. It also included practices toward GDM, including screening, management, follow-up, and postpartum screening for diabetes.

Results The total number of doctors who agreed to participate was 102, and the response rate was 72.9%. The mean age of the participants was 35.4 ± 7.2 years; most of the studied group were females 97 (95.1%), 76 (74.5%) were senior house officers, 16 (15.7%) were mid-grades, and 10 (9.8%) were seniors. Most working obstetricians, 76 (74.5%), had less than 10 years of experience. One hundred (98%) participants heard about GDM, and only 39 (38.2%) correctly defined GDM. Regarding the threshold for fasting glucose to diagnose GDM, only 11 (10.8%) gave a right answer of 92 mg/dL. Most participants had a good knowledge of GDM risk factors and complications. Regarding follow-up, only 35 (34.3%) participants provided the correct answer, and only 27 (26.5%) mentioned insulin as the medical treatment of choice.

Conclusion Although most of our studied group had contact with GDM patients, most needed basic knowledge regarding definition, diagnosis, and screening. Different opinions regarding diagnostic thresholds and management practices were observed. We recommended the establishment of a gestational diabetes clinic with the cooperation of endocrinologists and obstetricians, as well as local guidelines.
Mimicking blood and lymphatic vasculatures using microfluidic systems
Authors: Hall Eva , Mendiola Kailee , Lightsey N. Keilany , Hanjaya-Putra Donny
Published: May 2024

The role of the circulatory system, containing the blood and lymphatic vasculatures, within the body, has become increasingly focused on by researchers as dysfunction of either of the systems has been linked to serious complications and disease. Currently, in vivo models are unable to provide the sufficient monitoring and level of manipulation needed to characterize the fluidic dynamics of the microcirculation in blood and lymphatic vessels; thus in vitro models have been pursued as an alternative model. Microfluidic devices have the required properties to provide a physiologically relevant circulatory system model for research as well as the experimental tools to conduct more advanced research analyses of microcirculation flow. In this review paper, the physiological behavior of fluid flow and electrical communication within the endothelial cells of the systems are detailed and discussed to highlight their complexities. Cell co-culturing methods and other relevant organ-on-a-chip devices will be evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility and relevance of the in vitro microfluidic model. Microfluidic systems will be determined as a noteworthy model that can display physiologically relevant flow of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, which will enable researchers to investigate the systems' prevalence in diseases and identify potential therapeutics.
Looking both ways: Electroactive biomaterials with bidirectional implications for dynamic cell–material crosstalk
Authors: Lee Kathryn Kwangja , Celt Natalie , Ardoña Herdeline Ann M.
Published: May 2024

Cells exist in natural, dynamic microenvironmental niches that facilitate biological responses to external physicochemical cues such as mechanical and electrical stimuli. For excitable cells, exogenous electrical cues are of interest due to their ability to stimulate or regulate cellular behavior via cascade signaling involving ion channels, gap junctions, and integrin receptors across the membrane. In recent years, conductive biomaterials have been demonstrated to influence or record these electrosensitive biological processes whereby the primary design criterion is to achieve seamless cell–material integration. As such, currently available bioelectronic materials are predominantly engineered toward achieving high-performing devices while maintaining the ability to recapitulate the local excitable cell/tissue microenvironment. However, such reports rarely address the dynamic signal coupling or exchange that occurs at the biotic–abiotic interface, as well as the distinction between the ionic transport involved in natural biological process and the electronic (or mixed ionic/electronic) conduction commonly responsible for bioelectronic systems. In this review, we highlight current literature reports that offer platforms capable of bidirectional signal exchange at the biotic–abiotic interface with excitable cell types, along with the design criteria for such biomaterials. Furthermore, insights on current materials not yet explored for biointerfacing or bioelectronics that have potential for bidirectional applications are also provided. Finally, we offer perspectives aimed at bringing attention to the coupling of the signals delivered by synthetic material to natural biological conduction mechanisms, areas of improvement regarding characterizing biotic–abiotic crosstalk, as well as the dynamic nature of this exchange, to be taken into consideration for material/device design consideration for next-generation bioelectronic systems.
Numerical study of shock wave boundary layer interaction flows using a novel turbulence model
Authors: Yan Wenhui , Tian Junqian , Sun Zhaozheng , Zhou Junwei
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a novel partial average fluctuation velocity (PAFV) turbulence based on the PAFV and the average strain rate tensor, which is used to calculate the shock wave boundary layer interaction flows, including cascade flow and transonic compressor flow. In order to illustrate the adequacy, the calculation results of several other turbulence models were also compared with PAFV, including k-ω, shear stress transport, SA-neg (negative Spalart-Allmaras), and stress-BSL (ω-based Reynolds stress model). The suitability of the PAFV turbulence model was initially tested by calculating the transonic flow in the L030-4 cascade. Subsequently, numerical computations were performed for the 3D (three-dimensional) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Rotor 67 transonic compressor rotor. In the numerical simulation, the flow control equations were transformed in a general curvilinear coordinate system for precision enhancement, and the spatial discretization of control equations was executed using the finite difference method. The convection term was processed using the Steger–Warming flux vector splitting method, the diffusion term was discretized using a second-order central difference scheme, and the time derivative term was discretized using the third-order Runge–Kutta method. A parallel computing strategy with multi-block partitioning was employed to speed up the calculations and facilitate faster convergence alongside a local time step method. All numerical computation procedures were written in Python, revealing the following: (1) The PAFV turbulence model aptly simulates the transonic flow within the cascade channel. The shock wave pattern in the cascade channel aligns well with the experimental schlieren images. (2) During the Rotor 67 transonic compressor rotor calculation, the flow–pressure ratio, flow efficiency, and inlet and outlet total temperatures and pressures align well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the resolution of the flow field structure related to the interaction between the tip leakage vortex and channel shock wave is high. (3) The turbulence model uses PAFV as the turbulence velocity scale, thereby suppressing the fluctuation velocity and turbulence viscosity near shock wave areas, preventing excessive turbulence viscosity. Moreover, PAFV inherently exhibits transport properties and anisotropic characteristics, making it well-suited for handling transonic compressor flows.
Wall-modeled large eddy simulation of a tandem wing configuration in transonic flow
Authors: Blind Marcel P. , Gibis Tobias , Wenzel Christoph , Beck Andrea
Published: May 2024

In this study, the interaction between a turbulent wake and the boundary layer of a horizontal tail plane (HTP) in the transonic flow regime is investigated. The setup considered corresponds to a generic tandem wing configuration with an OAT15A airfoil as the main wing and a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 64A-110 as an HTP. Due to the transonic flow, the suction side of the OAT15A exhibits buffet. The numerical approach consists of a two-stage procedure in which a detached eddy simulation (DES) provides unsteady inflow conditions for a subsequent zonal high-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) performed for the HTP region only; the turbulent boundary layer is modeled using scale-resolved wall-modeled LES (WMLES). The study mainly pursues two objectives: first, to discuss the influence of wake turbulence on the flow characteristics of the NACA airfoil; and second, to evaluate the capability of WMLES as a low-cost but high-resolution numerical approach in challenging flow conditions. Essentially, the study confirms the expected result that the outer part of the HTP's boundary layer is dominated by the wake of the main wing. Mainly based on a discussion of turbulence spectra, the study further demonstrates the advantage of WMLES over DES, proving that WMLES is able to capture the effects of wake turbulence on boundary layer dynamics, and thus validates the WMLES approach as a cost-effective, high-resolution turbulence modeling approach. On a superordinate level, the study further sketches a possible way on how a flow problem with such a strongly unsteady behavior could be systematically evaluated.
Wide-range thermal conductivity modulation based on protonated nickelate perovskite oxides
Authors: Li Hao-Bo , Bian Zhiping , Yoshimura Mitsuki , Shimoyama Kohei , Zhong Chengchao , Shimoda Keiji , Hattori Azusa N. , Yamauchi Kunihiko , Hamada Ikutaro , Ohta Hiromichi , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: May 2024

The perovskite oxides ReNiO3 (Re = rare-earth elements) are promising functional materials due to their strongly correlated electrons. Except for the well-known intrinsic metal-insulating transition in these materials, recent progresses have proved that protonation of ReNiO3 can bring about interesting Mott transition in this series. To date, in these protonated species (H-ReNiO3), huge resistance switching, fast ionic diffusion, and their applications as an iontronic transistor, memristor, and fuel cell are reported. In this work, the thermal conductivities of H-ReNiO3 (Re = La, Nd, Sm, and Eu) epitaxial thin films are investigated. The protonation-induced Mott transition can effectively modulate the electronic thermal conductivity while the lattice thermal conductance is less affected. Hence, at room temperature, the metallic LaNiO3 and NdNiO3 exhibit reversible wide thermal conductivity modulation, in ranges of 2.6–12.0 and 1.6–8.0 W m−1 K−1, respectively. These values are much larger than other thermal regulation materials based on transition metal oxides. Thus, our work reveals the great potential of ReNiO3 being applied as a thermal-regulating material. The fast ionic diffusion in H-ReNiO3 also guarantees that a fast response and wide-range thermal transistor can be realized by H-LaNiO3 and H-NdNiO3 in the future.
Synaptic properties of GaOx-based memristor with amorphous GaOx deposited by RF magnetic sputtering
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Zuo Qingyuan , Sun Jiayi , Dai Jianxun , Cheng Chuanhui , Huang Huolin
Published: May 2024

GaOx devices have been extensively explored for applications such as power devices and solar blind detectors, based on their wide bandgap. In this study, we investigated the synaptic properties of the amorphous gallium oxide (a-GaOx)- based memristor with a W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO structure, in which a-GaOx are deposited by RF magnetic sputtering at ambient temperature. The structure and components of a-GaOx are characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS. The electrical test indicates that W/WOx/a-GaOx is ohmic due to the thin WOx layer with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. Consequently, the synaptic characteristics of the W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO memristor depend on both the a-GaOx layer itself and the a-GaOx/ITO junction. The fitting results indicate that the a-GaOx/ITO junction is Schottky with unidirectional conductive properties. However, the elevated defect density results in a larger current for the reverse-biased a-GaOx/ITO junction. Moreover, adjusting the thickness of a-GaOx allows the device to achieve almost symmetrical forward and reverse currents. We have successfully observed typical synaptic characteristics in W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO when stimulated by consecutive spike signals. Clearly, through careful design considerations regarding the structure and parameters, we have realized superior synaptic performance in a-GaOx-based memristors. This achievement shows that amorphous GaOx has great potential applications in neuromorphic computation chips for artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things in the future.
A novel thermal turbulence reconstruction method using proper orthogonal decomposition and compressed sensing coupled based on improved particle swarm optimization for sensor arrangement
Authors: Zhang Zhenhuan , Gao Xiuyan , Chen Qixiang , Yuan Yuan
Published: May 2024

With the development of offshore wind turbine single power toward levels beyond 10 MW, the increase in heat loss of components in the nacelle leads to a high local temperature in the nacelle, which seriously affects the performance of the components. Accurate reconstruction and control of thermal turbulence in the nacelle can alleviate this problem. However, the physical environment of thermal turbulence in the nacelle is very complex. Due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of turbulence, the turbulent thermal environment is highly nonlinear when coupled with the temperature field. This leads to large reconstruction errors in existing reconstruction methods. Therefore, we improve the sparse reconstruction method for compressed sensing (CS) based on the concept of virtual time using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The POD-CS method links the turbulent thermal environment reconstruction with matrix decomposition to ensure computational accuracy and computational efficiency. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the sensor arrangement to ensure stability of the reconstruction and to save sensor resources. We apply this novel and improved PSO-POD-CS coupled reconstruction method to the thermal turbulence reconstruction in the nacelle. The effects of different basis vector dimensions and different sensor location arrangements (boundary and interior) on the reconstruction errors are also evaluated separately, and finally, the desired reconstruction accuracy is obtained. The method is of research value for the reconstruction of conjugate heat transfer problems with high turbulence intensity.
Producing two-dimensional dust clouds and clusters using a movable electrode for complex plasma and fundamental physics experiments
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Liu Zhibo , Chakraborty Thakur Saikat , Thomas Edward , Gopalakrishnan Ranganathan
Published: May 2024

We report a Bidirectional Electrode Control Arm Assembly (BECAA) for precisely manipulating dust clouds levitated above the powered electrode in RF plasmas. The reported techniques allow the creation of perfectly 2D dust layers by eliminating off-plane particles by moving the electrode from outside the plasma chamber without altering the plasma conditions. The tilting and moving of electrodes using BECAA also allows the precise and repeatable elimination of dust particles one by one to achieve any desired number of grains N without trial and error. Simultaneously acquired top and side view images of dust clusters show that they are perfectly planar or 2D. A demonstration of clusters with N = 1–28 without changing the plasma conditions is presented to show the utility of BECAA for complex plasma and statistical physics experimental design. Demonstration videos and 3D printable part files are available for easy reproduction and adaptation of this new method to repeatably produce 2D clusters in existing RF plasma chambers.
On the alternating target tracking of a point cloud on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Ahn Hyunjin , Ha Seung-Yeal
Published: May 2024

We study finite-time and asymptotic tracking of a given moving target configuration. For this, we proposed two multi-agent systems on Riemannian manifolds based on Filippov’s framework. For asymptotic tracking, we adopt a piecewise C1-vector field on Riemannian manifolds resulting from switching moving targets, whereas for finite-time tracking, we use a piecewise C0 and non-Lipschitzian vector field on Euclidean space. For both multi-agent systems, we provide several sufficient frameworks for the desired asymptotic or finite-time tracking that are formulated in terms of system parameters, a preassigned switching moving target configuration, kernel functionals, and initial data.
Dynamic simulation of immiscible displacement in fractured porous media
Authors: Qiu Xin , Lin Mian , Cao Gaohui , Jiang Wenbin , Ji Lili
Published: May 2024

Investigating immiscible displacement in fractured porous media is essential for understanding the two-phase flow behavior within pores and fractures. In this work, a three-dimensional pore-fracture network model was developed to address the influence of fracture on flow patterns and to characterize fracture-matrix crossflow under different flow conditions. Sensitivity studies at a wide range of viscosity ratios and capillary numbers underscored that fracture significantly influenced flow patterns in the capillary fingering zone. Fracture with an advantageous path effect in the displacement direction caused a shift in the boundary of capillary fingering zone toward an increase in capillary numbers. As fracture aperture decreased and aspect ratio increased, there was a discernible decline in the crossflow rate. When fracture aperture equaled average matrix throat diameter, fracture lose advantageous path effect in compact displacement zone but retained it in viscous fingering and capillary fingering zones. Distinct matrix-fracture crossflow development processes were observed in different zones: in cross zone, following displacement breakthrough, the crossflow underwent a “long-term” process to attain stability. Viscous fingering zone promptly achieved stability post-breakthrough, whereas both capillary fingering and compact displacement zones had already reached a stable state before breakthrough. Nonlinear variations in breakthrough saturation were observed in the cross zone between compact displacement and capillary fingering zones. The control process of immiscible displacement exhibited variability under different flow conditions: compact displacement zone was characterized by matrix dominance, viscous fingering zone was jointly controlled by matrix displacement and fracture-matrix crossflow, and capillary fingering zone was primarily governed by fracture-matrix crossflow. These findings enhance scholarly comprehension of immiscible displacement behavior in fractured porous media.
Harmonic balance for differential constitutive models under oscillatory shear
Authors: Mittal Shivangi , Joshi Yogesh M. , Shanbhag Sachin
Published: May 2024

Harmonic balance (HB) is a popular Fourier–Galerkin method used in the analysis of nonlinear vibration problems where dynamical systems are subjected to periodic forcing. We adapt HB to find the periodic steady-state response of nonlinear differential constitutive models subjected to large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow. By incorporating the alternating-frequency-time scheme into HB, we develop a computer program called FLASH (acronym for Fast Large Amplitude Simulation using Harmonic balance), which makes it convenient to apply HB to any differential constitutive model. We validate FLASH by considering two representative constitutive models, viz., the exponential Phan-Thien–Tanner model and a nonlinear temporary network model. In terms of accuracy and speed, FLASH typically outperforms the conventional approach of solving initial value problems by numerical integration via time-stepping methods often by several orders of magnitude. Exceptions to this rule are sometimes encountered for materials that are strongly shear thinning or described by constitutive models with discontinuous derivatives. We discuss how FLASH can be conveniently extended for other nonlinear constitutive models, which opens up potential applications in model calibration and selection, and stability analysis.
Free surface water waves generated by instability of an exponential shear flow in arbitrary depth
Authors: Abid M. , Kharif C.
Published: May 2024

The stability of an exponential current in water to infinitesimal perturbations in the presence of gravity and capillarity is revisited and reformulated using the Weber and Froude numbers. Some new results on the generation of gravity-capillary waves are presented, which supplement the previous works of Morland et al. [“Waves generated by shear layer instabilities,” Proc. Math. Phys. Sci. 433, 441–450 (1991)] and Young and Wolfe [“Generation of surface waves by shear-flow instability,” J. Fluid Mech. 739, 276–307 (2014)] on finite depth. To consider perturbations at much larger scales, special attention is given to the stability of exponential currents only in the presence of gravity. More precisely, the present investigation reveals significant insights into the stability of exponential shear currents under different environmental conditions. Notably, we have identified that the dimensionless growth rate increases with the Froude number, providing a deeper understanding of the interplay between shear layer thickness and surface velocity. Furthermore, our analysis elucidates the dimensional wavelength of the most unstable mode, emphasizing its relevance to the characteristic shear layer thickness. Additionally, within the realm of gravity-capillary instabilities, we have established a sufficient condition for the stability of exponential currents based on the Weber number. Our findings are supported by stability diagrams at finite depth, showing how the size of stable domains correlates with the characteristic thickness of the shear layer. Moreover, we have explored the stability of a thin film of liquid in an exponential shearing flow, further enriching our understanding of the complex dynamics involved in such systems.
Experimental study on synchronous high-speed vertical water entry of cylinders
Authors: Wang Yulin , Wang Fuchen , Yin Jiawen , Wei Yingjie , Wang Cong
Published: May 2024

This paper studied the synchronous parallel high-speed vertical water entry of cylinders through experimental methods. The study found that the double cavity exhibited favorable symmetry characteristics during the synchronous parallel vertical water entry of cylinders at the same speed. The outside of the double cavity develops freely, consistent with the single cavity. The lateral spacing deforms the inside contour of the double cavity. The diameter of the inside cavity increases as the lateral spacing increases and gradually approaches that of a single cavity. The cavity length increases with decreasing lateral spacing. In addition, the maximum diameter and length of the cavity increase with the increase in water entry speed under the same lateral spacing. This paper uses the deformation index β to present the double cavity contour prediction model for the water entry process. The model accurately predicts the cavity contour of a synchronous parallel vertical water entry. Additionally, it is deduced that the critical lateral spacing without mutual influence between cavities in this speed range is approximately 7–8D0. The “grass sprouting” splashing development rules were discovered during the synchronous parallel high-speed vertical water entry.
Frequency-doubling perfect negative reflection in phase gradient metasurfaces
Authors: Gao Yue , Quan Jiaqi , Sun Baoyin , Xu Lin , Fu Yangyang , Chen Huanyang , Xu Yadong
Published: May 2024

Phase gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) have demonstrated powerful capacities for manipulating light waves freely. However, PGMs have limitations of bulky size and narrow bandwidth that hinder further applications. In this work, we present the design and analysis of a reflection-type PGM by utilizing the phase choice freedom in the supercell. It is found that in this well-designed PGM, perfect negative reflection including perfect retro-reflection can be observed not only at the initially designed frequency f1 = f0, but also at its double frequency, i.e., f2 = 2f0, which is named as the frequency-doubling perfect negative reflection. As a proof of concept, we design and fabricate a reflection-type PGM with 4π phase coverage in a supercell, with experimental results in perfect agreement with the theoretical ones. Our work offers an approach to design planar optical devices at multiple operating frequencies, holding potential applications for frequency division multiplexing communication, remote sensor technology, laser tracking, and more.