bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isn't Androgen Deprivation Enough? Optimal Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Morgans Alicia K. , Beltran Himisha
Published: January 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
The Gender of Math
Authors: Galloway Alexander R.
Published: January 2022

The politics of math are of newfound concern today, due to the outsize influence of algorithms and code in contemporary life. While only a few years ago, tech authors were still hawking Silicon Valley as the great hope for humanity, today one is more likely to hear how Big Tech increases social inequality, how algorithms are racist, and how math is a weapon. Do algorithms discriminate along gendered lines? Do mathematical systems harbor an essential bias? This essay shows that mathematics has long been defined through an elemental gendering, that within such typing there exists a prohibition on mixing the types, and that the two core types themselves (geometry and arithmetic) are mutually intertwined using notions of hierarchy, foreignness, and priority. The author concludes that whatever incidental biases it may display, mathematics also contains an essential bias.
Policing (as) the Paradigmatic Scene of Rape
Authors: Dango Michael
Published: January 2022

A queer renovation of “rape” requires beginning not with actors, but with acts, which brings into view the central role of the state as a perpetrator of sexual violence. Radical feminists moved the “paradigmatic scene” of rape from the stranger in the alley to the acquaintance in the bedroom: rape was a problem not of exceptional perversion, but of ordinary heterosexuality. The works surveyed in this essay center the scene of state detention, showing how regimes of policing in a racial capitalist state always frame and prototype sexual violence. The author pursues this argument in three passes: history (the discourse around Michel Foucault’s treatment of the Charles Jouy case), aesthetics (the conflation of state and domestic violence in the installations of Palestinian artist Mona Hatoum), and activism (the convergence of abolitionist and antirape movements in the 1970s writings of Angela Davis and the memoirs of the Scottsboro Boys).
Beyond Bias: Critical Analysis and Layered Reading of Mao-Era Sources
Authors: Schmalzer Sigrid
Published: January 2022

Scholars of Mao-era history adopt a wide range of approaches to the selection and treatment of source material. Some scholars regard published sources as propaganda, and therefore as biased and unreliable. For many, archival sources are the gold standard; others question the reliability even of the archive and favor materials that escaped the filtering fingers of the state to be found in flea markets or garbage piles. Avoiding the false choice of either accepting sources as received wisdom or dismissing them as biased, the author argues that how scholars read their sources is more important than which they keep and which they throw away. She advocates for a layered approach that accounts for contexts of production and circulation, and further emphasizes the need to make this process of reading sources visible in our writing. A critical, layered reading of three unlikely sources demonstrates the myriad possibilities for analysis that combines the empirical, the discursive, and the self-reflexive.
Life-Destroying Diagrams
Authors: Brinkema Eugenie
Published: January 2022

In Life-Destroying Diagrams, Eugenie Brinkema brings the insights of her radical formalism to bear on supremely risky terrain: the ethical extremes of horror and love. Through close readings of works of film, literature, and philosophy, she explores how diagrams, grids, charts, lists, abecedaria, toroids, tempos, patterns, colors, negative space, lengths, increments, and thresholds attest to formal logics of torture and cruelty, violence and finitude, friendship and eros, debt and care. Beginning with a wholesale rethinking of the affect of horror, orienting it away from entrenched models of feeling toward impersonal schemes and structures, Brinkema moves outward to consider the relation between objects and affects, humiliation and metaphysics, genre and the general, bodily destruction and aesthetic generation, geometry and scenography, hatred and value, love and measurement, and, ultimately, the tensions, hazards, and speculative promise of formalism itself. Replete with etymological meditations, performative typography, and lyrical digressions, Life-Destroying Diagrams is at once a model of reading without guarantee and a series of generative experiments in the writing of aesthetic theory.
Subclavian Artery Flow Dynamics Evaluated by Analytical Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Videoangiography During Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Kato Naoki , Terao Tohru , Ishii Takuya , Saito Emiko , Hirokawa Yusuke , Michishita Shotaro , Sasaki Yuichi , Tani Satoshi , Murayama Yuichi
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography is rarely used during the surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate subclavian artery (SA) flow dynamics using the analytical ICG videoangiography during TOS surgeries.

METHODS:

We examined patients with neurogenic TOS who received surgical treatment and whose SA blood flow at the interscalene space was evaluated using ICG videoangiography equipped with an analytical function (FLOW800). Anterior scalenectomy with or without middle scalenectomy and first rib resection were conducted for decompression of the brachial plexus. ICG videoangiography was performed before and after decompression of the brachial plexus. After acquisition of grayscale and color-coded maps, a region of interest was placed in the SA to obtain time–intensity diagrams. Maximum intensity (MI), rise time (RT), and blood flow index (BFi) were calculated from the diagram, in arbitrary intensity (AI) units. We compared values before and after decompression. Comparisons of the three parameters before and after decompression were assessed statistically using the paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS:

We evaluated nine procedures in consecutively presenting patients. The observed mean values of MI, RT, and BFi before decompression were 174.1 ± 61.5 AI, 5.2 ± 1.1 s, and 35.2 ± 13.5 AI/s, respectively, and the observed mean values of MI, RT, and BFi after decompression were 299.3 ± 167.4 AI, 6.6 ± 0.8 s, and 44.6 ± 28.3 AI/s, respectively. These parameters showed higher values after decompression than before decompression, and the increase in MI and RT was statistically significant (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

ICG videoangiography allows semiquantitative evaluation of hemodynamic changes during TOS surgery. A marked decrease in the velocity of SA flow was observed after decompression.
Characteristics and long-term outcomes of childhood glaucoma: a retrospective-cohort study
Authors: Surukrattanaskul Supawan , Suvannachart Pukkapol , Chansangpetch Sunee , Manassakorn Anita , Tantisevi Visanee , Rojanapongpun Prin
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with childhood glaucoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with childhood glaucoma who visited the glaucoma clinics at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between January 2008 and January 2018. The diagnosis was based on the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network classification. We recorded their clinical characteristics and requirement of any glaucoma interventions.

Results: A total of 691 eyes from 423 patients were included in this study. The patients predominantly comprised boys. The average follow-up duration was 71.3±63.8 months. The mean age at presentation was 3.9±4.4 years. Most patients presented with a high initial intraocular pressure (IOP). The average intial IOP of all patients was 28.5±11.2 mmHg. Glaucoma associated with non-acquired ocular anomalies (22.9%) was the most common subtype, followed by primary congenital glaucoma (20.8%). We recorded a family history of glaucoma in 6.4% of patients of the 234 patients with an available family history. Most patients had bilateral glaucoma (63.4%) and required at least one intervention (51.5%). The average IOP at the latest follow-up visit was 19.1±10.8 mmHg. All glaucoma types had significantly lower IOP, compared to that at their baselines (all p<0.001). Moreover, most patients had an unfavourable visual acuity (49.5%) at their latest visit.

Conclusions: Secondary glaucoma associated with non-acquired ocular anomalies is the most common subtype of glaucoma. The majority of patients had unfavourable visual outcomes. These real-world findings are fundamental to acquire a better understanding of childhood glaucoma.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about HIV self-testing amongst college students in Namibia
Authors: Mhango Malizgani , Dubula-Majola Vuyiseka , Mudadi Leon-Say
Published: January 2022

Background: In 2019, the Namibian Ministry of Health introduced HIV self-testing (HIVST) as an additional strategy to increase uptake of HIV self-testing in traditionally hard-to-reach subpopulations, such as young adults and males. It is unclear how the utilisation of HIV self-testing iw optimised in young adults. The study objective is understanding knowledge, attitudes, and perception levels amongst college-going young adults in Namibia.

Methods: This quantitative study utilised a sample of 97 young college students who received a pre-test structured questionnaire. One sample t-test was used to analyse the average score from the Likert scale. A cut-off p-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance of variables was used. Logistic regression computation was used to identify independent variables significantly associated with the dependent variable. A univariate analysis was done on awareness and acceptability with statistical significance of p<0.05 to obtain preliminary insights into the association between independent and dependent variables. The net effect variables are assessed using multivariate analysis using STATA 13.1, taking into account confounding factors.

Results: Out of the 97 participants, only 23.7% knew about HIV self-testing. The logistic regression had a significant association with awareness of HIV self-testing (p≤0.05): on condom use during a first sexual encounter; being with a single sexual partner in the last 12 months; not having a sexually transmitted infection. The univariate analysis revealed an association with the acceptability of HIV self-testing from females; those who live in urban settlements; having not had sexually transmitted infection in the last twelve months. Moreover, findings reveal there are low levels of awareness, yet participants had positive attitudes and levels of acceptability to HIV self-testing.

Conclusion: This study shows promise if awareness through health education and promotion about HIV self-testing can be increased. This can form part of scaling up HIV testing in Namibia.
Comorbidities and laboratory parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in patients from the southeast of Mexico: a cross-sectional study
Authors: De la Cruz-Cano Eduardo , Jiménez–González Cristina del C , Díaz-Gandarilla José A , López–Victorio Carlos J , Escobar-Ramírez Adelma , Uribe-López Sheila A , Huerta-García Elizabeth , Ayala-Sumuano Jorge-Tonatiuh , Morales-García Vicente , Gútierrez-López Liliana , González-Garrido José A
Published: January 2022

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among the risk factors associated with the severity of this disease is the presence of several metabolic disorders. For this reason, the aim of this research was to identify the comorbidities and laboratory parameters among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), comparing the patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with those who did not require IMV, in order to determine the clinical characteristics associated with the COVID-19 severity.

Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study among 152 patients who were admitted to the ICU from April 1st to July 31st, 2021, in whom the comorbidities and laboratory parameters associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection severity were identified. The data of these patients was grouped into two main groups: “patients who required IMV” and “patients who did not require IMV”. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data and the χ2 test for categorical data were used to compare the variables between both groups.

Results. Of the 152 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU, 66 required IMV and 86 did not require IMV. Regarding the comorbidities found in these patients, a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and obesity was observed among patients who required IMV vs. those who did not require IMV (p<0.05). Concerning laboratory parameters, only glucose, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher among patients who required IMV than in those who did not require IMV (p<0.05).

Conclusion. This study performed in a Mexican population indicates that comorbidities such as: T2DM, hypertension and obesity, as well as elevated levels of glucose, IL-6, LDH and CRP are associated with the COVID-19 severity.
A multi-parameter grading system for optimal fitting of scleral contact lenses
Authors: Kumar Preetam , Carrasquillo Karen G. , Chaudhary Simmy , Basu Sayan
Published: January 2022

Background: While scleral lens practise has improved over the years due to factors such as availability of lenses with better materials and designs as well as experience of practitioners, a lack of objectivity appears to remain in terms of assessment of scleral lens fitting. This prospective observational work aimed to achieve standardization on this front through proposing a grading system for scleral lens fitting.

Methods: After application of prosthetic replacement of ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) devices on the participants’ eyes, four fundamental components for understanding scleral lens fitting such as central and limbal corneal clearance, mid-haptic compression, and alignment of lens edge over anterior sclera were assessed through a series of slit-lamp biomicroscopy imaging as well as with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. FitConnect® was used to modify the device parameters to simulate different grading patterns on the proposed scale. Serial imaging was done for all the different lenses to compose the grading scale.

Results: A clinically relevant grading scale was constructed that pictorially demonstrated grades for the different aspect of scleral lens fitting. The grades were conveniently scaled within three categories: “optimal”, “acceptable” and “not acceptable”.

Conclusion: The gradation of scleral lens fitting parameters would take a step towards objectifying the assessment patterns in practise. This will also help reducing the gap between a novice and an experienced practitioner in terms of understanding of scleral lens fitting.
Between division and connection: a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on social relationships in the United Kingdom
Authors: Schneiders Mira Leonie , Mackworth-Young Constance R.S. , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: January 2022

Background: The first national COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom between March to July 2020 resulted in sudden and unprecedented disruptions to daily life. This study sought to understand the impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing and quarantine, on people’s lived experiences, focusing on social connections and relationships.

Methods: Data were generated through 20 in-depth online and telephone interviews, conducted between May and July 2020, and analysed using thematic analysis informed by an ecological framework.

Results: Findings show that the use of NPIs impacted social relationships and sociality at every level, disrupting participant’s sense of self; relationships with their partners, household members, neighbours, and communities; and polarising social and political views. However, experiences of personal meaning-making and reflection, and greater social connectedness, solidarity, and compassion – despite physical distance – were also common.

Conclusions: Participant’s lived experiences of the first UK lockdown underscore the interconnectedness of relationships at the individual, community and societal level and point towards the important role of trust, social cohesion, and connectedness in coping with pandemic stress and adversity. Where infectious disease prevention measures rupture sociality, support for social connection at every relational level is likely to help build resilience in light of ongoing COVID-19 restrictions.
Quantitative and qualitative blood pressure clusters in patients of Truskavets’ SPA and their hemodynamic accompaniment
Authors: Kozyavkina Nataliya , Voronych-Semchenko Nataliya , Vovchyna Yuliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: January 2022

Background. The influence of balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ spa on the blood pressure (BP) of his patients is still not in the focus of researchers. Therefore, we initiated the project “Neuroendocrine-immune and metabolic mechanisms of the effect of balneotherapy on BP”. The first swallow of the project is the analysis of a condition of BP and its hemodynamic support of profile patients of a resort. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP (tonometer “Omron M4-I”, Netherlands). Simultaneously the parameters of hemodynamics were determined (echocamera “Toshiba-140”, Japan). Results. The optimal level of systolic BP (range 120÷129 mmHg) stated in 18,2% of cases only, high norm (130÷139 mmHg) in 14,8%, arterial hypertension (AH) I (140÷160 mmHg) – in 39,8%, AH II (over 160 mmHg) in 12,5%, however, in 14,8% of cases the BP was lower than 120 mmHg. In order to identify among the registered parameters of hemodynamics, those for which the BP clusters differ from each other, a discriminant analysis was performed. The program forward stepwise included in the discriminant model 13 parameters out of 17. The most informative among them: contractility index of left ventricle, heart work per minute, ejection fraction and time as well as end-systolic volume. Conclusion. Profile patients of Truskavets’ spa are characterized by a wide range of blood pressure - from low norm to arterial hypertension II that correspond to the hemodynamics parameters.
Social Queues (Cues): Impact of Others’ Waiting in Line on One’s Service Time
Authors: Ülkü Sezer , Hydock Chris , Cui Shiliang
Published: January 2022

The traditional queueing literature assumes that service time is largely independent of social influences. However, queues are social systems; and social considerations are therefore likely to impact customers’ service time decision to the extent they have control. Through a series of experiments, we show that when others are waiting in line, customers tend to accelerate their own service time, and in doing so, sacrifice their own consumption utility. This behavior is driven by concern for others. Notably, the effect is diminished when they themselves have waited, as it is perceived as fair to let others wait if one also had to wait. We further show that obscuring the visibility between customers in service and those waiting in line diminishes the negative effect of others queueing on one’s own service time.

This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management.

Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4282 .
Evidence-based management of disease-related malnutrition: updated guidance
Authors: Holdoway Anne , Franklin Hilary
Published: January 2022

This article outlines the updated guidelines produced by the Managing Adult Malnutrition in the Community panel, which aims to assist and support health and social care professionals working in the community to identify and manage malnutrition, particularly that related to ageing, disease and long-term medical conditions.
Developing artificial intelligence in the NHS
Authors: Sherrell Zia
Published: January 2022

Zia Sherrell considers the potential benefits of artificial intelligence to healthcare following the creation of the NHSX AI in Health and Care Award.
Tubercular Tenosynovitis of Extensor Tendons of Ankle : A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Bijarniya Sagar , Moger Nagaraj Manju , Meena R C , Singh Deepak , Maingi Sajal
Published: January 2022

Introduction:India being an endemic region for Tuberculosis (TB) has a high incidence of musculoskeletal TB with various presentations. Tenosynovitis is a rare presentation and few cases have been reported involving the hand and wrist but isolated involvement of extensor tendons at the ankle is even rarer and unreported.

Case Report:Thirty-five-year-old female patient presenting with a dumbbell-shaped swelling over the anterolateral aspect of right ankle with mild dull aching pain. MRI revealed altered signal intensities surrounding the extensor tendons at the ankle without the involvement of the joint. Surgical debridement was done and six-month ATT was given. Gross specimen revealed rice bodies and histopathological examination showed caseous necrosis and epitheloid cell granulomas.

Conclusion:Tuberculosis TB being endemic can have varied presentations, early diagnosis can be made if clinical suspicion for TB is considered. ATT is the mainstay of treatment, but surgical debridement is necessary for extensive lesions with compressive symptoms.

Keywords:Tuberculosis, tenosynovitis, rice bodies, dumbbell dumbbell-shaped mass.
Chaotic cavity design of a UV-C disinfection chamber for uniform radiation distribution
Authors: Mishra Swati , Singh Devendra , Wanare Harshawardhan
Published: January 2022

UV-C radiation has been used extensively for disinfection wherein the dosage of radiation varies with the microorganism concerned. The efficacy of disinfection largely relies on the radiation reaching uniformly across the chamber without simultaneously leaving out dark regions within the chamber. The regular geometries of the chambers, such as with circular or rectangular cross sections, invariably lead to hot spots accompanied by regions that remain dark, thereby severely limiting the germicidal effects of the UV-C radiation. We propose and demonstrate the use of a chaotic Bunimovich stadium design chamber that ensures uniform UV-C exposure without any accompanying “dark spots.” The design incorporates the shape parameters of a chaotic Bunimovich stadium, wherein ray-tracing simulations confirm the space-filling nature of the photon trajectories, typical of chaotic dynamics. This leads to uniform radiation distribution across the whole volume. Experimental results are presented for a biosafety cabinet that can be used for UV-C disinfection wherein the UV-C light intensity distribution is more evenly distributed than the conventional regular (cuboidal) geometry. Adaptation of this simple design consideration is paramount for air disinfection, wherein dark regions in conventional air ducts can severely compromise the efficacy of the disinfection.
Speckle-displacement-based wavemeter for mode-hop and side-mode detection
Authors: Jamal Muhammad T. , Jakobsen Michael L. , Hanson Steen G. , Hansen Anders K. , Jensen Ole B.
Published: January 2022

A speckle-displacement-based wavemeter is combined with a spatial-fundamental-mode-pass filter to eliminate the influence of multimode operation on the directionality of the resulting output from a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tapered laser. The proposed setup is characterized theoretically and experimentally, and detections of mode hops and side-mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) in the optical output are demonstrated. The laser illuminates a rough surface at an oblique angle, and a camera observes the corresponding speckle pattern from an almost identical back-scattering direction. As the wavelength of the laser shifts, the speckle pattern responds with a corresponding displacement, which is approximately linear with respect to the shift within the detection area. The wavemeter tracks continuously the shifts of the speckles pattern by tracking the peak of the covariance function of sequentially acquired images. In this way, the speckle-displacement-based wavemeter achieves a spectral resolution of 10.4 MHz. Mode hops in the laser do not cause any impeding decorrelation of the speckle patterns. Interestingly, the actual SMSR is related to the peak height and width of the absolute covariance function. A wavemeter, which is capable of measuring wavelengths, mode hops, and SMSRs, is highly useful for spectroscopy, quantum optics, nonlinear frequency conversion, and other applications requiring stable single-frequency laser light, especially when using diode lasers.
Approach based on χ2 to phasing segmented-mirror telescopes
using multiple wavelengths: data reduction, wavelength selection, capture
range
Authors: Chanan Gary , Schoeck Matthias , Troy Mitchell
Published: January 2022

The design of extremely large segmented-mirror telescopes (ELTs) calls for their segments to be phased, and a number of different interferometric techniques have been proposed in the literature for this purpose. To achieve the required large capture ranges for ELTs (typically a few microns), most of these techniques use measurements at multiple wavelengths, similar to what is done in standard distance-measuring laser interferometry. In this paper, we present a

χ
2

-based framework not tied to a specific phasing technique to obtain intersegment edge heights from multiwavelength data. We show how this scheme can be used to select an optimal set of wavelengths that maximizes the capture range while achieving the very low error rates required for ELT phasing. We take into account the wavelength uncertainty associated with the finite-width interference filters used in on-sky phasing. Finally, we present data from the Keck 2 telescope that illustrate the method for three-wavelength phasing.
Prediction model of residual stress during precision glass molding of
optical lenses
Authors: Fu Hang , Xue Changxi , Liu Yue , Cao Bo , Lang Changfu , Yang Chao
Published: January 2022

Precision glass molding (PGM) is an important processing technology for aspheric lenses that has the advantages of low complexity, high precision, and short processing time. The key problem in the PGM process is to accurately predict the residual stress of aspheric lenses. In this paper, we examine the residual stress relaxation model for aspheric lenses, including a creep experiment of D-K9 glass, calculating shear relaxation function, and predicting residual stress of aspheric lenses with the finite element method. Validations of the proposed model are conducted for three different process parameters, including molding temperature, molding pressure, and molding rate. The experimental and simulation results show that the errors of the residual stresses of the three process parameters are within 0.358 Mpa, which proves the validity of the model. The model can be used to predict the residual stress of the optical glass lens fabricated by PGM and analyze the processing parameters.
Nonlinear correction of a laser scanning interference system based on
a fiber ring resonator
Authors: Tian Yuqi , Cui Jiwen , Wang Ziyun , Tan Jiubin
Published: January 2022

The laser scanning interferometry system has been successfully applied to many measurement fields because of its efficient measurement ability. However, the practical application ability of this measurement method is restricted due to the laser tuning nonlinearity. In this paper, the fiber ring resonator is equidistant in the frequency domain, which is used as the external clock signal to resample the main interference signal so as to realize the equifrequency sampling of the laser scanning interference system and correct the tuning nonlinearity. The final experimental result shows that this method can effectively reduce the phase noise caused by tuning nonlinearity and improve the performance of the system.
Optical design of a cooled mid-wave infrared off-axis three-mirror system with a low F-number and wide field of view
Authors: Xie Yunqiang , Liu Chunyu , Liu Shuai , Xu Minglin , Fan Xinghao , Rao Qilong
Published: January 2022

Infrared imaging systems with a wide detection scale, excellent precision, and high resolution are playing an increasingly important role in many fields. Compared with uncooled infrared detectors, the cooled infrared detectors have the advantages of high precision, long detection distance, and a high signal-to-noise ratio due to the low working temperature. In this paper, a cooled off-axis three-mirror mid-wave infrared (MWIR) optical system with a wide field of view (FOV), long focal length, and large relative aperture is designed. We first establish the initial coaxial three-mirror system based on the third-order Seidel aberration theory and then make the aperture stop offset to eliminate central obscuration. During the process of optimization, the FOV of the system is expanded stepwise, and it is not biased to avoid the extra aberration. In order to increase the optimizing degrees of freedom to improve the aberration elimination ability of the system, we apply the

X
Y

polynomial surface on the tertiary mirror (TM). After optimization, we finally obtain a cooled off-axis three-mirror MWIR optical system with a FOV of

5.3

∘

×

4.4

∘

, a focal length of 500 mm, and a relative aperture of 1/2. The image quality of our system is excellent, and the aperture stop is between the focal plane and the TM, and coaxial with the focal plane, meeting the conditions of matching with the cold stop of the infrared detector. The tolerance analysis is also carried out, and the result shows that the system meets the requirements of practical fabrication and alignment.
Pyrometry with flexible infrared fibers for temperature-controlled laser surgery
Authors: Novikov Alexander S. , Usenov Iskander , Schweda Dawid , Caffier Philipp , Limmer Björn , Artyushenko Viacheslav , Eichler Hans J.
Published: January 2022

Pyrometry is widely used in science, medicine, and industry to measure the surface temperature of objects in a non-contact way. IR fibers are an ideal solution for the flexible delivery of thermal radiation emitted from objects inside a complex structure like internal organs inside the human body. Silver halide polycrystalline infrared fibers (PIR) are transparent in a spectral range of 3 – 18 µm, matching perfectly with the spectra of black body radiation for temperatures ranging from 20°C to 200°C. These fibers are non-toxic and allow small bending radii. They could become critical components in pyrometric systems for temperature-controlled laser surgeries. Here we discuss the ability of the PIR fibers for simultaneous laser power delivery and real-time temperature monitoring in laser surgery applications and demonstrate two different setups for this purpose.
Evolutionary background-oriented schlieren tomography with self-adaptive parameter heuristics
Authors: Unterberger Andreas , Mohri Khadijeh
Published: January 2022

For volumetric reconstruction of the refractive index field in a flow, background-oriented schlieren (BOS) imaging which measures the deflection of light rays due to refractive index variations is combined with an evolutionary tomographic algorithm for the first time, called evolutionary BOS tomography (EBOST). In this work application to reactive flows is presented. Direct non-linear ray-tracing of the reconstruction domain is used to evaluate the fitness of solution candidates during the evolutionary strategy that was implemented to run on a multi-GPU system. The use of a diversity measure and its consideration in a migration policy was tested against a simple scheme that distributes the best chromosome (solution candidate) in an island-based genetic algorithm. The extensive set of control parameters of the presented algorithm was harnessed by a self-adaptive strategy taking into account the fitness function and operator rates. Quantitative characterisation of the EBOST via numerical phantom studies, using flame simulations as ground truth data is presented. A direct comparison to a state-of-the-art BOST algorithm demonstrates similar accuracy for a turbulent swirl flame phantom reconstruction. A series of experimental applications of the EBOST on several unsteady and turbulent flames is also presented. In all cases, the instantaneous and time-averaged flame structure is revealed, proving the benefit of EBOST for volumetric flow diagnostics.
Transverse magneto-photonic transmission effect in non-symmetric nanostructures with comb-like plasmonic gratings
Authors: Borovkova Olga V. , Kozhaev Mikhail A. , Hashim Hisham , Kolosova Anna A. , Kalish Andrey N. , Dagesyan Sarkis A. , Shaposhnikov Alexander N. , Berzhansky Vladimir N. , Belotelov Vladimir I.
Published: January 2022

Spatial symmetry breaking in the magnetoplasmonic system results in magneto-optical effects prohibited in symmetric structures. The transverse magneto-photonic transmission effect (TMPTE), occurs thereby, which is characterized by a non-zero transmission dependency on magnetism at normal incidence of light. This phenomenon is due to inequality of the forward and backward surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves at the metal/dielectric interface in non-symmetric plasmonic grating. Here we investigate the TMPTE in magnetoplasmonic nanostructures with comb-like gratings and explore how to optimize its parameters for the magnitude of the effect.
Tunable and switchable bifunctional meta-surface for plasmon-induced transparency and perfect absorption
Authors: Wang Shuaizhao , Liu Houquan , Tang Jian , Chen Ming , Zhang Youdan , Xu Jie , Wang Tianrang , Xiong Jianfeng , Wang Hexuan , Cheng Yu , Qu Shiliang , Yuan Libo
Published: January 2022

Tunable multi-function metasurfaces have become the latest research frontiers in planar optics. In this study, a dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) structure based on a graphene split-ring resonator and graphene ribbon is proposed. The influences of the structural parameters and graphene Fermi energy on the PIT response were investigated both analytically and numerically simulations. The inclusion of an additional vanadium dioxide (VO2) substrate layer enables the metasurface to achieve dynamic switching between PIT and perfect absorption using the phase change property of VO2. The new metasurface device exhibits the PIT effect when the VO2 layer is in an insulating state and acts as a perfect absorber when it is in a metallic state. Moreover, the response of the two functions can be easily adjusted dynamically by changing the Fermi energy of graphene. In addition, both functions were highly sensitive to changes in the ambient refractive index. The results of this work have potential applications in slow-light devices, optical switches, modulators, perfect absorbers, highly sensitive sensors, and multifunctional devices.
The impact of COVID-19 on fertility behaviour and intentions in a middle income country
Authors: Emery Tom , Koops Judith C.
Published: January 2022

The COVID Pandemic may affect fertility behaviour and intentions in many ways. Restrictions on service provision reduce access to family planning services and increase fertility in the short term. By contrast, the economic uncertainty brought about by the pandemic and its impact on mental health and well-being may reduce fertility. These various pathways have been explored in the context of high income countries such as the United States and Western Europe, but little is known about middle income countries. In this paper we asses the impact of the COVID pandemic on fertility intentions and behaviour in the Republic of Moldova, a middle income country in Eastern Europe, using the Generations and Gender Survey. This survey was conducted partially before and partially after the onset of the pandemic in 2020, allowing for detailed comparisons of individual circumstances. The results indicate that the pandemic reduced the used of intrauterine devices, and increased the use of male condoms, but with no overall decrease in contraceptive use. Conversely individuals interviewed after the onset of the pandemic were 34.5% less likely to be trying to conceive, although medium term fertility intentions were unchanged. Indicators therefore suggest that in the medium term fertility intentions may not be affected by the pandemic but restricted access to contraception requiring medical consultation and a decrease in short-term fertility intentions could disrupt short term family planning.
Pinturas rupestres no semiárido baiano
Authors: Clemente Carlos Magno Santos , Santos Leonardo Ramos dos , Costa José Carlos Lélis
Published: January 2022

A presente pesquisa apresenta evidências de pinturas rupestres e indicação do estado de conservação destas, no município de Guanambi - BA e municipalidades limítrofes. Teve como objetivo mapear e apresentar o estado de conservação de pinturas rupestres na área do estudo. Para identificação das pinturas rupestres foram utilizados levantamentos bibliográficos, acervos de moradores, trabalhos de campo. Para a organização, análise dos dados espaciais e a constituição dos mapas fez-se o uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG. Foram identificados cento e dez (110) registros com localizações de pinturas rupestres, sendo que sete das pinturas rupestres identificadas em campo não foram encontradas na base cartográfica do IPHAN e na literatura resgatada. As ações antrópicas (principalmente pichações e lixo) foram observadas em três (3) locais dos sete (7) mapeados pela presente pesquisa. Sugere-se uma atenção para a conservação das pinturas rupestres na área do estudo, principalmente nas proximidades das cidades pesquisadas, em especial, a municipalidade de Guanambi.
A contribuição dos comportamentos e do ambiente construído na prevalência do excesso de peso em Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Souza , De Menezes Risia Cristina Egito , Almendra Ricardo , Loureiro Adriana , Freitas Ângela , Santana Paula
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o contributo do ambiente construído, entre outros fatores, no excesso de peso, em Portugal, utilizando como amostra a Rede Portuguesa de Municípios Saudáveis (RPMS). Foi aplicado um estudo transversal com inquérito de base populacional, realizado entre maio/2020-abril/2021, com uma amostra de 10.047 indivíduos adultos (≥18 anos). Dados antropométricos, consumo alimentar, autoavaliação de saúde e condições de saúde foram autorreportadas. Foram, ainda, incluídas as prevalências de Diabetes Mellitus-DM e de Hipertensão Arterial Sistémica-HAS, pelo diagnóstico médico prévio. O excesso de peso foi avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal ≥25kg/m2, tendo sido associado às condições: (i) individuais (demográficos/socieconómicas/saúde/comportamentais) e (ii) do contexto da área de residência (disponibilidade de equipamentos desportivos/lazer/recreação; acesso a espaços verdes e a lojas de alimentos). Para isso, foram realizadas regressões logísticas, ajustada pela idade e sexo. O excesso de peso variou entre 37,5 e 48%, sendo mais prevalente na população residente em municípios rurais, apresentando associação estatisticamente significativa em indivíduos com uma pior avaliação do estado de saúde, HAS e DM, que não praticam atividade física, com pior condição socioeconómica, que não consumiam diariamente frutas e legumes e com consumo frequente de enchidos e refrigerantes. Condições do ambiente construído também se associaram ao excesso de peso nos municípios de média dimensão (com população entre 30 a 80 mil habitantes e entre 80 a 150 mil habitantes). Os resultados mostram a importância do combate à obesidade com base na tipologia territorial.
Turismo criativo em espaço rural
Authors: Almeida Inês , Carvalho Paulo , Silveira Luís
Published: January 2022

O turismo criativo é um segmento turístico relativamente recente, reconhecido por explorar a ligação entre visitantes, território e comunidade local de forma sustentável através da criatividade. Considerando a predominância de uma paisagem cársica e a preservação de uma identidade rural bastante rica nas Terras de Sicó (Centro de Portugal), este território apresenta elementos diferenciadores para o desenvolvimento do turismo criativo. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre turismo criativo e, em específico, sobre a sua aplicação em espaço rural, este artigo apresenta (i) uma proposta de modelo conceptual da experiência turística criativa e (ii) uma proposta preliminar de aplicação do turismo criativo às Terras de Sicó. Foram identificadas cinco temáticas para a exploração do segmento em Sicó – ciclos de produção e de trabalho, artesanato, paisagem cársica, legados históricos e expressões sociais – e delineadas medidas de ação para quatro eixos estratégicos: sensibilização da população local e formação de recursos humanos; apoio à iniciativa privada; abordagem colaborativa/em rede; e promoção do destino e atração de turistas.
Toda forma carrega a marca do artista: gestualidade na crítica de arte brasileira contemporânea
Authors: De Avelar Ana Cândida
Published: January 2022

A gestualidade presente na pintura gestual é frequentemente lida como fruto da descarga emocional do artista. Diante dessa leitura da crítica, tais obras são vistas pela associação da marca da gestualidade à ideia de uma atitude do artista comprometido com a arte. Neste artigo, proponho apresentar um comentário sobre esse discurso que funde artista e obra como um “lugar” da crítica de arte contemporânea no Brasil, sempre que esta é solicitada a enfrentar trabalhos que apresentam uma gestualidade evidente. Busco demonstrar ainda certas genealogias dessa leitura, amparada em ideias promovidas pelo romantismo, pelos expressionismos e pela action painting.
¿Es posible la comprensión histórica sin anacronismo?
Authors: E. Belvedresi Rosa
Published: January 2022

El anacronismo se presenta como un obstáculo a la tarea de la historiadora o historiador que, en el afán por comprender el pasado, debe evitar las intromisiones de elementos que correspondan a una época distinta a aquella de su objeto de estudio, fundamentalmente, aquellos que provienen de su propio contexto. Problema largamente abordado por la teoría de la historia francesa así como por la filosofía y la historia del arte, el anacronismo da cuenta de un problema y a la vez de una condición necesaria. En este trabajo vamos a valorar el papel que juega el anacronismo en la comprensión histórica, para lo cual nos vamos a valer de dos ejemplos: las restituciones de objetos que realizan los museos en respuesta a reclamos de las comunidades originarias y la aplicación de las categorías de análisis que fueron creadas posteriormente a sucesos del pasado a los cuales se pretenden explicar, como es el caso del uso del concepto de “genocidio”. Finalizaremos argumentado a favor de la función que el anacronismo tiene para la comprensión del pasado y para iluminar el mundo presente.
Propaganda fascista en Chile: el caso de Cile e Patagonia (1930), de Mario Appelius
Authors: Sergio Ivan
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo se centra en una experiencia de propaganda fascista en el extranjero, en concreto sobre la obra de Mario Appellius, Cile e Patagonia. Empezaremos con trazar algunas de las características generales de la propaganda de Mussolini a nivel nacional e internacional, poniendo mayor énfasis sobre el concepto de cultura fascista. En segundo lugar, abordaremos el tema de la cultura fascista en el extranjero, haciendo hincapié sobre los mecanismos utilizados por el Duce para aumentar su consenso. Después, nos centraremos en la figura de Mario Appellius y analizaremos algunos capítulos de su obra dedicada a Chile, focalizándonos en la actitud del autor hacía el pequeño país andino; por último, trazaremos nuestras conclusiones subrayando los aspectos más interesantes de esta experiencia literaria de propaganda fascista en Chile.
1932, heróis de farda e farsa: capital, trabalho e memória, em posições
Authors: Carreri Marcio Luiz
Published: January 2022

Este texto é uma reflexão sobre o conjunto de eventos da “Revolução Constitucionalista” de 1932. O movimento bélico traduziu-se, antes e durante a sua ocorrência, em disputas sociopolí- ticas pela representação da memória. O vencedor nas trincheiras investiu em apregoar aos paulistas o caráter separatista, conservador e oligárquico da “revolução”. Na sua contraparte, uma historiografia de memória paulista, amparada em monumentos oficiais, somou esforços, após a derrota, na produção de uma outra narrativa e entronizou na memória social a celebração cívica ao 24 de julho, como um marco de resistência a um poder central autoritário e inconstitucional. Capital e trabalho participaram, cada um a seu modo, com suas representações, partidos políticos, como o PRP, PD e PCB, além de artistas, imprensa, soció- logo e literatos, entre eles Mário e Oswald de Andrade, com suas interpretações coletivas e singulares sobre as tensões e contradições naquele tempo.
Phenotypic association between residual feed intake and carcass traits of young nelore bulls
Authors: Bezerra Bruna Suellen Borges Resende , Gomes Mariana Mundim Alves , Boaventura Danilo Rodrigues , Ferreira Aline Maria Soares , Mendes Egleu Diomedes Marinho , De Faria Carina Ubirajara
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to estimate the phenotypic associations between residual food intake (RFI) and carcass traits, evaluated by ultrasonography, of young Nellore bulls. Information about 53 young Nelore bulls, pure origin (PO), participants in the Individual Performance Test of Nelore Bulls, carried out at the Capim Branco experimental farm of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) were used for this purpose. It was evaluated the characteristics of residual feed intake (RFI), rib eye area (REA), marbling (MAR) and fat thickness (FT). In order to estimate the Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, the SAS program was used. Regarding the influence of the RFI classes (low RFI, medium RFI and high RFI) on carcass traits, an out analysis of variance was carried out using the least squares method. It was verified that there was no phenotypic association between RFI and the characteristics of REA and MAR, but the relation between FT and the phenotypic association revealed a medium magnitude. However, when evaluating the RFI classes, it was observed that there were no significant differences of the RFI classes with the carcass traits (REA, FT and MAR). It is recommended that new studies are carried out to verify if the selection for RFI does not result in damages to the finishing of carcass in Nelore cattle.