bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Age Effects and contextual factors in male Spanish youth football: a 10-year cross sectional analysis of U12 to U16 players
Authors: Peña-González Iván , Fernández-Jávega Gonzalo , Castellano-Galvañ Ismael , Moya-Ramón Manuel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The Relative Age Effects (RAEs) are complex, multifactorial phenomena influenced by individual (e.g., maturity status), task-related (e.g., field position or competitive level), and environmental (e.g., coaches' expectations) factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between RAEs and the maturity status, field position, competitive level and coaches' expectations within a sample of 1,120 young male Spanish football players [mean age: 13.72 ± 1.40 years; weight: 54.09 ± 11.85 kg; height: 162.11 ± 11.38 cm; years from peak height velocity (PHV): −0.22 ± 1.44], across tree age categories (U12, U14 and U16).

Methods

Data was collected over 10 years (2014–2024), considering the maturity status, estimated using the Mirwald et al. (2002) formula. Physical performance was assessed through tests for strength (1RM), power, speed (30-m sprint), agility (T-test), jumping (CMJ), and aerobic endurance (estimated VO2max). Players' field positions and coaches' efficacy expectations about their players were also collected.

Results

A Chi-square (χ²) analysis revealed a skewed distribution across birth quartiles within age categories (p < 0.05). Pearsons' correlation and linear regression analyses showed significant relationship between relative age and maturity status (r = 0.91; R² = 0.84). The RAEs were more pronounced at higher competitive levels, while the distribution bias in playing positions was comparable to the overall sample, with the exception of goalkeepers in the U12-14 categories. ANOVA results tend to a higher physical performance and coaches' efficacy expectations for players with higher RA in the U14 and U16 categories.

Conclusion

This study confirms the presence of strong RAEs over the past decade in youth football players from U12 to U16. Individual and environmental factors, such as advanced maturity status, the intensified selection processes at higher competitive levels, an increased physical performance and higher coaches' efficacy expectations, may contribute to RAEs in a complex and interdependent manner.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine in China: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2004–2023)
Authors: He Zhenwen , Liu Dingyu , Liu Baoling , Zhang Pian , Wang Xiaohu , Wang Gang , Huang Yuan , Chen Jing , Cai Rujian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans and recognized as a zoonotic pathogen, with swine serving as a primary reservoir. Despite substantial research, comprehensive analysis encompassing regional variations and pig growth stages within China, as well as the influence of recent biosecurity measures on HEV prevalence, remains limited. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with swine HEV in China.

Methods

A thorough review of HEV infection studies was conducted using six databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Wipro, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023. Eighty-seven studies investigating the seroprevalence of swine HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA detection rates were included. A rigorous meta-analysis and quality assessment followed.

Results

The combined seroprevalence of swine HEV IgG antibodies was 58.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.0–65.0). The seroprevalence from 2019 to 2023 was lower (27.4, 95% CI: 26.3–28.2) than that in other years. The seroprevalence was higher in sows (67.2, 95% CI: 55.8–78.7) than in suckling, nursery, and fattening pigs. The detection rate of HEV RNA was 13.0% (95% CI: 11.0–15.0), with fattening pigs showing a significantly higher positivity rate (16.9, 95% CI: 13.2–20.7) than sows and suckling pigs. HEV RNA detection was significantly lower in bile (8.3, 95% CI: 6.3–10.3) than in feces and liver.

Discussion

This study highlights the widespread presence of HEV in pig farms across China, with prevalence strongly linked to pig growth stage, study year, and sample type. The findings underscore the importance of pig growth stage, sample type, and recent biosecurity measures in controlling HEV prevalence, providing actionable insights for improving biosecurity practices in pig farms.
Integration of whole genome resequencing and transcriptome sequencing to identify candidate genes for tall and short traits in Baicheng Fatty chickens
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Chen Kaixu , Zhu Mengting , Bi Jingdong , Tang Honggang , Gao Weiyi
Published: February 2025

The tall and short traits of chickens are significant indicators for evaluating their growth and development. Tall chickens have longer growth cycles, allowing them to accumulate sufficient nutrients and resulting in superior meat quality. This study aims to investigate the tall and short traits of Baicheng Fatty chickens and to identify relevant candidate genes. A total of 25 Baicheng Fatty chickens were selected for this research, where whole genome resequencing was performed on all samples to uncover genetic variations influencing tall and short traits. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 15 of these chickens to identify important genes affecting these traits through combined analysis. Using methods such as population genetic structure analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), linkage disequilibrium analysis (LD), runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis, as well as genetic differentiation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ), a total of 1,019 candidate genes were identified through whole genome resequencing analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on these candidates. From the transcriptome data, 253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 229 upregulated and 24 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted on these differential genes, and a protein–protein interaction network for the DEGs was constructed. Through the combined analysis of whole genome resequencing and transcriptome data, six intersecting genes were identified: KLF15, NRXN1, LOC107050638, MHCY11, HAO1, and BORCS6. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement in the Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism pathway, Peroxisome pathway, Carbon Metabolism, and Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) pathway. These genes may influence the growth and developmental patterns of skeletal structures, though their regulatory mechanisms require further investigation. This study provides new insights for further research into the genetic mechanisms underlying chicken skeletal development and growth, as well as potential molecular markers for poultry breeding.
Nonlinear Adaptive Control of Maglev System Based on Parameter Identification
Authors: Qiang Haiyan , Qiao Sheng , Huang Hengyue , Cheng Ping , Sun Yougang
Published: February 2025

To address the nonlinearity and control problems of the Maglev system caused by external disturbances and internal factors of the system, this study first established a kinematic model of a single-point levitation system. Secondly, based on the nonlinear characteristics of the kinematic model, Gaussian noise was introduced into the model as input disturbance, and a neural network was used to train the constructed model. A nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs was constructed, and the Recursive Least Squares method with Forgetting Factor (RLS-FF) was used to perform parameter identification on the levitation system by combining the training data, further constructing an accurate model of the levitation system. Then, based on the accurate model of the levitation system, the backstepping method was adopted to design an adaptive controller for the levitation system, and its stability was verified. Simulation analysis was conducted on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and comparisons were made with the LQR control method and the Fuzzy-PID control method that verified that the designed controller had a faster response speed and better self-regulation ability. At the same time, interference signals were introduced into the simulation to simulate the actual scene, and the good anti-interference ability and adaptive performance of the designed controller were further verified.
Observer-Based Adaptive Robust Force Control of a Robotic Manipulator Integrated with External Force/Torque Sensor
Authors: Huo Zixuan , Yuan Mingxing , Zhang Shuaikang , Zhang Xuebo
Published: February 2025

Maintaining precise interaction force in uncertain environments characterized by unknown and varying stiffness or location is significantly challenging for robotic manipulators. Existing approaches widely employ a two-level control structure in which the higher level generates the command motion of the lower level according to the force tracking error. However, the low-level motion tracking error is generally ignored completely. Recognizing this limitation, this paper first formulates the low-level motion tracking error as an unknown input disturbance, based on which a dynamic interaction model capturing both structured and unstructured uncertainties is developed. With the developed interaction model, an observer-based adaptive robust force controller is proposed to achieve accurate and robust force modulation for a robotic manipulator. Alongside the theoretical stability analysis, comparative experiments with the classical admittance control (AC), the adaptive variable impedance control (AVIC), and the adaptive force tracking admittance control based on disturbance observer (AFTAC) are conducted on a robotic manipulator across four scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate the significant advantages of the proposed approach over existing methods in terms of accuracy and robustness in interaction force control. For instance, the proposed method reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 91.3%, 87.2%, and 75.5% in comparison to AC, AVIC, and AFTAC, respectively, in the experimental scenario where the manipulator is directed to follow a time-varying force while experiencing significant low-level motion tracking errors.
Influence of Rhizosphere Temperature and Humidity Regulation on Rooting, Mortality, and Transplant Survival of Aeroponically Rapid Growth Mulberry Cutting
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Wang Liang , Qureshi Waqar Ahmed , Gao Jianmin
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of different temperature and humidity conditions on Mulberry cutting rooting and transplanting survival rates in an aeroponically rapid propagation system. It investigates the relationship between droplet adhesion and mortality based on mildew and rot distribution in cuttings. The regulating strategies were divided into three groups: humidity, temperature, and combined humidity and temperature. The humidity group included a fixed spray frequency (H3) and fixed-range humidity conditions (H1: 90% ≤ Humidity ≤ 100% and H2: 95% ≤ Humidity ≤ 100%). The temperature group comprised room temperature (T2) and fixed-range temperature circumstances (T1: 25 °C < Temperature < 27 °C). The non-regulation group (THCK) made no particular modifications, whereas the combined temperature and humidity group (TH) maintained both temperature and humidity within a set range (90% ≤ Humidity ≤ 100% and 25 °C < Temperature < 27 °C). Moreover, the humidity control group (HCK) and the temperature control group (TCK) integrated a soil cultivation system. Then, the transplantation experiment and the droplet adhesion amount experiment were carried out. The results demonstrate that faster callus formation and rooting with aeroponic propagation, temperature and humidity regulation significantly improves root growth and survival rate. The temperature and humidity regulation group outperforms, increased callus rate, rooting rate, average root length, average root number, fresh weight, and dry weight by 30%, 25%, 4.54 mm, 1.09, 0.12 g, and 0.012 g, while reducing mortality by 20%. Conversely, soil culture showed no callus formation or rooting throughout the same timeframe. Significant (p < 0.01) differences between regulation and non-regulation groups exist in growth parameters, mortality, and transplant survival rates. All groups achieved 80–100% transplant survival, with temperature regulation enhancing hardening effects. Excessive droplet adhesion heightens the risk of mortality, with an optimal adhesion threshold of approximately 0.06444 g. This study offers valuable insights into aeroponically rapid propagation and intelligent nurseries.
Post-Agricultural Shifts in Soils of Subarctic Environment on the Example of Plaggic Podzols Chronosequence
Authors: Nizamutdinov Timur , Yang Sizhong , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the post-agricultural transformation of Plaggic Podzols in a Subarctic environment, focusing on the Yamal region, Western Siberia. Agricultural practices historically altered the natural Histic Entic Podzols, leading to their conversion into anthropogenic soils with enhanced organic matter and nutrient profiles. Using a chronosequence approach, soil profiles were analyzed across active and abandoned agricultural fields to assess changes in soil properties over 25 years of abandonment. Results revealed a significant decline in SOC (2.73 → 2.21%, r2 = 0.28) and clay (5.26 → 12.45%, r2 = 0.84), which is reflected in the values of SOC/clay and SOC/(silt + clay) ratios. Nevertheless, the values of the ratios are still above the thresholds, indicating that the “health” of the soils is satisfactory. We detected a decrease in Nt (0.17 → 0.12%, r2 = 0.79) and consequently an increase in the C:N ratio (18.6 → 22.1), indirectly indicating a decrease in SOM quality. Nutrient losses (NPK) with increasing abandonment periods were pronounced, with their concentrations indicative of soil quality degradation. Trace metal concentrations remained below pollution thresholds, reflecting minimal ecological risk according to Igeo, RI, and PLI indexes. The results highlight the necessity for further research on organo-mineral interactions and SOM quality assessment. The findings provide insights into the challenges of soil restoration in Polar regions, emphasizing the role of climate, land-use history, and management practices in shaping soil health and fertility.
Changes in Soil Physical Properties and Maize Productivity in Response to Nitrogen Substitution by Maize Stover for Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Liu Enke , Wang Lei , Lv Pengfei
Published: February 2025

Chronic overapplication of inorganic fertilizers decreases crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE). This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting inorganic fertilizer with nitrogen supplied from maize stover (S) on soil physical properties, WUE, maize yield, and economic benefits. The treatments were the replacement of 0% (full rate of inorganic fertilizer, FF), 25% (S25), 50% (S50), 75% (S75), and 100% (S100) of the standard rate of 225 kg ha−1 inorganic nitrogen fertilizer with equal amounts of maize stover nitrogen fertilizer. From 2016 to 2019, the experiment was performed on the Loess Plateau in China. S100 notably reduced soil bulk density by 6.11% relative to FF in the fourth year (p ≤ 0.05). Replacement treatments (S25, S50, S75, and S100) increased soil water storage following maize harvest, enhanced net benefits over four years, and significantly reduced evapotranspiration by 5.69–11.08% in the first three years (p ≤ 0.05). The maize yield of the alternative treatments was found to be significantly greater than that of FF by 7.76–18.30% in the fourth year (p ≤ 0.05). With the increasing straw application rate, soil moisture and maize yield decreased, whereas evapotranspiration and net benefits increased. In the principal component analysis, S25 was found to have the highest comprehensive evaluation score. Therefore, the S25 treatment was the optimal fertilization pattern.
Enzymatic Stoichiometry and Microbial Resource Limitation in a Saline-Alkaline Soil Five Years After Biochar Application, Fertilization, and Irrigation
Authors: Li Jingjing , Liang Yinku , Xue Lihua , Li Wenwen , Zhang Sheng , Zamanian Kazem , Zhao Xiaoning
Published: February 2025

The effect of biochar addition on enzyme stoichiometry and regulatory mechanisms in saline-alkali soil is still vague. We studied how five years (2018–2023) of applying 10 t biochar ha−1 yr−1 influences soil’s chemical and microbial properties, microbial element utilization efficiency, and resource limitations in the Tarim River basin. Low, medium, and high nitrogen fertilization (kg N ha−1) and irrigation (W) (mm) with or without biochar (B) were as follows: low nitrogen low irrigation (LNLW, 100/140), mid nitrogen mid irrigation (MNMW, 200/220), high nitrogen high irrigation (HNHW, 300/320), LNLWB, MNMWB, and HNHWB. Biochar application (LNLWB, MNMWB, HNHWB) increased soil organic carbon (+61%, +55%, +59%), total N (+9%, +16%, +8%), total phosphorus (+6%, +5%, +27%), microbial N (+75%, +86%, +28%) and P use efficiency (+60%, +45%, +27%), but decreased microbial biomass carbon (−6%, −29%, −45%), and microbial carbon use efficiency (−6%, −7%, −7%). Biochar application alleviated microbial C limitation but increased the P limitation of MNMW and the N limitation of HNHW. In conclusion, with a 1/3 reduction in N fertilization and irrigation compared with HNHW (MNMW), biochar can greatly alleviate microbial resource limitations and improve soil fertility in saline-alkaline soils.
An Exploration of the Chemical Signals and Neural Pathways Driving the Attraction of Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans to Favorable Bacteria
Authors: Qin Xunda , Wang Wuqin , Wei Chonglong , Cen Hao , Deng Liping , Tan Dandan , Mo Minghe , Ma Li
Published: February 2025

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs: Meloidogyne sp.) are among the most devastating plant pathogens. Their chemotaxis-driven host-seeking activity is critical for RKNs’ infection success. Using attractants derived from bacterial volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to interrupt the host-seeking is promising for the management of RKNs. However, little is known about how BVOCs contribute to the attractiveness of RKNs. Here, we provide a first evaluation of the attractive potential of taxonomically diverse bacteria from different environments and assemble a previously unidentified repertoire of bi-attractive bacteria to M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the attraction strength of the preferred bacteria to the nematodes was positively correlated with the abundance and amounts of ketones in the BVOC profiles. This suggested that ketones are key for BVOC-mediated attraction. In our behavioral experiments using ketone compounds, we provide evidence that the attractiveness of the nematodes to the preferred bacteria arises specifically from ketone odor cues, a phenomenon not reported previously. This study demonstrates for the first time that a specific ketone blend naturally occurring within the BVOC profiles from the preferred bacteria serves as a key odorant regulating their enhanced attraction toward the nematodes. We used genetic methods to show that the AWCON neurons are important for worms to sense the ketones derived from the preferred bacteria and drive attraction to these bacteria. Our study may serve as a platform for a better understanding of the chemical and neuronal basis for ketone-mediated bacteria–nematode interactions and the development of new BVOCs as attractants in RKNs’ management.
Lead Isotope Ratio Measurements for Source Identification Using Samples from the UK Heavy Metals Air Quality Monitoring Network
Authors: Braysher Emma C. , Cheong Jody H. L. , Butterfield David M. , Brown Andrew S. , Brown Richard J. C.
Published: February 2025

Lead isotope ratios vary depending on the origin of the lead, meaning that characteristic isotopic signatures can be used for source identification in environmental samples. Lead in ambient particulate matter was collected and analysed at 23 monitoring stations as part of the UK heavy metals air quality monitoring network to assess compliance with legislative limit values for allowable concentrations of lead in air. For the first time on a nationwide UK basis, isotopic analysis of lead was carried out on these samples to gain further information about the origin of the lead and the sources influencing measured concentrations at each of the monitoring stations. These measurements were undertaken with the novel application of ICP–MS/MS for high throughput analysis of over 200 samples from 23 sites across the UK. Values for 207Pb/206Pb ranged from 0.864 to 0.910 with an average standard error of 0.68%, while 208Pb/206Pb values ranged from 2.08 to 2.187 with an average standard error of 0.84%. The dataset was used to draw conclusions as to the main sources of pollution contributing to each site and has demonstrated the utility of ICP–MS/MS as a fit-for-purpose analytical method for the high throughput of a large number of samples in complex matrices. It was possible to identify different source types at the monitoring stations based on the lead isotope signature observed. Comparison with literature values showed clear links with traffic emissions at roadside sites and leaded petrol at a site near an airfield where small aircraft still use this type of fuel.
Approaches to Estimating Indoor Exposure to Radon—A Systematic Review
Authors: Su Chunxiao , Wang Mingxia , Yin Yanmei , Sun Chanjuan , Zou Zhijun , Wang Haidong , Dai Yuwei
Published: February 2025

Indoor radon exposure has been an increasing concern in recent years due to its health risks, like lung cancer and leukemia. Indoor radon exposure levels can be determined through measurement but with limitations. An increasing number of studies have started to apply simulation methods to assess indoor radon exposure levels in recent decades. To better understand currently available approaches for estimating indoor radon exposure, we conducted a systematic review of the current available methods for estimating the indoor radon levels. Through the search and screening of databases, a total of 28 related articles were included. The results show that the main methods for indoor radon estimation are mathematical models, statistical methods, and the geographic information system (GIS) method. The factors to consider include completion time, building type, floor area, number of floors, soil texture, building materials, and degree of urbanization. This paper, through its review of radon exposure level estimation and assessment methods, provides a more systematic understanding of this field, with important implications for accurately estimating the spatial and time distribution of indoor radon exposure and its health risks.
Frequency Response of Higher-Order Shear-Deformable Multilayered Angle-Ply Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Javed Saira
Published: February 2025

This research is based on the frequency response of angle-ply laminated cylindrical shells under higher-order shear deformation theory. The higher-order shear deformation theory is used to model the displacement and rotational functions, which are approximated by cubic and quintic splines. The eigenvalue problem is obtained with the simply supported boundary condition. The frequency of cylindrical shells is analyzed by varying the circumferential node number, length, number of layers, and layer alignment. The competence of the formulation is verified by comparing it with the available results of higher-order zigzag theory.
An Algorithm for Designing Circles in a Bubble Chart
Authors: Chiang Ching-Shoei , Li Hung-Chieh
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigated circle design in a bubble chart. The bubble chart that we designed has a unit circle at the center and is surrounded by a series of layered circle rings. In order to add the next layer of circles, there is always a silhouette circle that is tangential to all circles in the newest layer. The extension of the circle is partitioned into two classes: one in which each layer has the same number of circles with the same radii, and another in which the new layer has circles with different radii. We solve this problem geometrically and/or algebraically if the problem is simple and present a heuristic algorithm for solving more complex problems.
Urinary Metabolic Profiling During Epileptogenesis in Rat Model of Lithium–Pilocarpine-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Antmen Fatma Merve , Matpan Emir , Dongel Dayanc Ekin , Savas Eylem Ozge , Eken Yunus , Acar Dilan , Ak Alara , Ozefe Begum , Sakar Damla , Canozer Ufuk , Sancak Sehla Nurefsan , Ozdemir Ozkan , Sezerman Osman Ugur , Baykal Ahmet Tarık , Serteser Mustafa , Suyen Guldal
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often develops following an initial brain injury, where specific triggers lead to epileptogenesis—a process transforming a healthy brain into one prone to spontaneous, recurrent seizures. Although electroencephalography (EEG) remains the primary diagnostic tool for epilepsy, it cannot predict the risk of epilepsy after brain injury. This limitation highlights the need for biomarkers, particularly those measurable in peripheral samples, to assess epilepsy risk. This study investigated urinary metabolites in a rat model of TLE to identify biomarkers that track epileptogenesis progression across the acute, latent, and chronic phases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in rats using repeated intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride–pilocarpine hydrochloride. Urine samples were collected 48 h, 1 week, and 6 weeks after SE induction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry was used for metabolomic analysis, and statistical evaluations were performed using MetaboAnalyst 6.0. Differences between epileptic and control groups were represented using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model. Volcano plot analysis identified key metabolic changes, applying a fold-change threshold of 1.5 and a p-value < 0.05. Results: The acute phase exhibited elevated levels of acetic acid, dihydrothymine, thymol, and trimethylamine, whereas glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, including pyruvic and citric acids, were reduced. Both the acute and latent phases showed decreased theobromine, taurine, and allantoin levels, with elevated 1-methylhistidine in the latent phase. The chronic phase exhibited reductions in pimelic acid, tiglylglycine, D-lactose, and xanthurenic acid levels. Conclusions: These findings highlight stage-specific urinary metabolic changes in TLE, suggesting distinct metabolites as biomarkers for epileptogenesis and offering insights into the mechanisms underlying SE progression.
Conditioning Electrical Nerve Stimulation Enhances Functional Rewiring in a Mouse Model of Nerve Transfer to Treat Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Jara Juan Sebastián , Soliman Marwa A. , Bernstein Amanda , di Grazia Paola , Ferguson Adam R. , Brown Justin M. , Torres-Espín Abel , Hollis Edmund R.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Nerve transfer surgery is a state-of-the-art surgical approach to restore hand and arm function in individuals living with tetraplegia, significantly impacting daily life. While nearly a third of all individuals with chronic spinal cord injury may benefit from this intervention, variability in outcomes can limit the functional impact. A bedside to bench approach was taken to address the variable response of tetraplegic individuals to nerve transfer surgery. Methods: We used a hierarchical multiple factor analysis to evaluate the effects of conditioning electrical stimulation (CES) on outcomes in a mouse model of nerve transfer to treat chronic cervical spinal cord injury. Results: We found that CES of donor nerves one week prior to nerve transfer surgery enhanced anatomical and functional measures of innervation of targeted muscles. Furthermore, CES increased the rate of recovery of naturalistic behavior. Conclusions: While the model has some limitations due to the small size of the rodent, our results support the use of CES as an effective approach to improve outcomes in clinical nerve repair settings.
Harnessing Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Organic Reaction Cascades: A Strategy for Enhanced Efficiency in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Abuzenah Heba , Abdulrasheed Muhammad , Sardauna Auwal Eshi , Al-Qataisheh Bayan , Musa Musa M.
Published: February 2025

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are versatile enzymes that enable the reversible reduction of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols. The exceptional chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of ADHs position them as attractive catalysts for generating enantiopure alcohols, whether through deracemization of racemates or asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones. The emergence of robust ADHs capable of functioning effectively at elevated temperatures and in high concentrations of non-aqueous media has stimulated interest in integrating ADH-catalyzed asymmetric transformations with other chemical processes in a single pot, either in a stepwise mode or simultaneously. This review presents an overview of one-pot organic transformations that combine ADH-catalyzed asymmetric reductions with additional nonenzymatic chemical reactions, demonstrating the potential for enhanced efficiency and sustainability in synthetic organic chemistry.
Engineering Synergistic 2D/1D ReS2-LaFeO3 Nanohybrids for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Keelson Obed Graham , Kumar Rajeev , Shringi Amit Kumar , Ouma Hazel Achieng , Walimbe Pooja D. , Yan Fei
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the synergistic properties of 2D/1D ReS2-decorated LaFeO3 nanohybrids, presenting a unique approach to photocatalytic dye degradation. Through facile hydrothermal synthesis, we fabricated these nanohybrids with varying ReS2 loadings. Notably, the 5 wt% ReS2-LaFeO3 nanohybrid exhibited highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye, achieving 82% degradation within 180 min. This enhanced performance can be attributed to synergistic effects arising from the unique 2D/1D architecture and the modified charge-transfer properties within the 2D/1D ReS2-LaFeO3 heterostructure. These findings demonstrate the potential of these multifunctional nanohybrids for applications in environmental remediation.
Phytochemical Profile, Cytotoxicity, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiglycation Activity of Annona crassiflora Extract: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Corrêa de Souza Laura Akie , Parreiras Costa Gislene , Fracasso Júlia Amanda Rodrigues , da Costa Luisa Taynara Silvério , Barbosa Debora Barros , Zoppé Natalia Alves , Marques Ribeiro Júlia , Ximenes Valdecir Farias , Ribeiro-Paes João Tadeu , dos Santos Lucineia
Published: February 2025

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play significant roles in the development of various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of Annona crassiflora (Araticum-do-Cerrado) leaves, specifically focusing on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiglycation properties. To achieve this, a hydroethanolic extract of the plant’s leaves (EHAC) was prepared and subjected to phytochemical analysis and in vitro tests to evaluate its effects. The tests included assessing its impact on fibroblast cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory capabilities (phagocytosis and macrophage spreading), antioxidant activity (DPPH and lipid peroxidation), and antiglycation activity. The results indicated that the EHAC contains high levels of phenolic compounds, including rutin and quercetin. The extract demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. Furthermore, it exhibited high antioxidant capacity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Additionally, it showed notable antiglycation activity by completely inhibiting the formation of AGEs at the tested concentrations. The cell viability remained above 95% at concentrations up to 800 µg/mL. In conclusion, the EHAC has significant therapeutic potential, and further research is warranted for its development as a phytotherapeutic, with the aim of preserving the biodiversity of the Brazilian Cerrado.
Downregulation of the Unfolded Protein Response Links Metformin Treatment to Good Clinical Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Fay Mary L. , Nicol Chris , Orr Christine , Wilson Brooke , Hurlbut David , Feilotter Harriet , Davey Scott
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. However, metformin-treated diabetic CRC patients tend to have better clinical outcomes than those managed by other means. To better characterize the molecular underpinnings of metformin’s protective effects, we performed a targeted transcriptomic analysis of primary CRC tissue samples (n = 272). A supervised learning algorithm pinpointed molecular features that discriminate between metformin-treated and diet-controlled diabetic CRC samples, as well as those that discriminated between non-diabetic samples based on their five-year overall survival status. Our results show downregulation of TMEM132 in metformin-treated samples (p = 0.05) and non-diabetics with good clinical outcomes (p = 0.05) relative to diet-controlled and non-diabetics with poor survival, respectively. Furthermore, upregulation of SCNN1A is observed in metformin-treated samples (p = 0.04) and non-diabetics with good clinical outcomes (p = 0.01) relative to diet-controlled samples and those with poor clinical outcomes, respectively. We also show that the antiapoptotic protein sFas is downregulated in metformin-treated samples relative to diet-controlled samples (p = 0.005). These findings suggest a role for the unfolded protein response in mediating metformin-related CRC-protective effects by enhancing apoptosis and suggest the investigation of these proteins as targets for novel CRC therapies.
Novel Species of Oculatellaceae (Oculatellales, Cyanobacteria) from Yunnan in China, Based on the Polyphasic Approach
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Ting , Guo Shanshan , Feng Jun , Wei Aili , Kociolek John Patrick , Liu Qi
Published: February 2025

Oculatellaceae is a family of cyanobacteria with orange spots in the apical cells and has a wide distribution in various living environments. The species of this family are widely distributed but relatively few in number. In order to enrich our knowledge of the species diversity of cyanobacteria in China, and further achieve the monophyletic development of modern cyanobacteria classification systems, we studied two algal strains, designated as SXACC0114 and SXACC0117, isolated from China and subjected to taxonomic studies using a multiphase approach. The colony of the strain SXACC0114 is bright blue-green in color and does not form a biofilm. The trichomes are yellow-green to bright blue-green. For the strain SXACC0117, no false branching is observed. It has wider filaments and more distinct sheaths, and lacks swollen cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, the results showed that these two algal strains clustered in Albertania and Tildeniella evolutionary branches, respectively, with high bootstrap support. In addition, the secondary structures, which are constructed based on the internal transcription spacer (ITS) of 16S-23S rRNA, exhibit differences, and the algal strain has unique D1-D1ʹ, Box-B, and V3 helix structures. These results support the establishment of two new species, described as Albertania yunnanense sp. nov. and Tildeniella yunnanense sp. nov. The discovery of these new species provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of algae.
Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective
Authors: Gassab Lea , Pusuluk Onur , Cattaneo Marco , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E.
Published: February 2025

This perspective explores various quantum models of consciousness from the viewpoint of quantum information science, offering potential ideas and insights. The models under consideration can be categorized into three distinct groups based on the level at which quantum mechanics might operate within the brain: those suggesting that consciousness arises from electron delocalization within microtubules inside neurons, those proposing it emerges from the electromagnetic field surrounding the entire neural network, and those positing it originates from the interactions between individual neurons governed by neurotransmitter molecules. Our focus is particularly on the Posner model of cognition, for which we provide preliminary calculations on the preservation of entanglement of phosphate molecules within the geometric structure of Posner clusters. These findings provide valuable insights into how quantum information theory can enhance our understanding of brain functions.
Interaction Order Estimation in Tensor Curie–Weiss Models
Authors: Mukherjee Somabha
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the interaction parameter p of a p-spin Curie–Weiss model at inverse temperature β, given a single observation from this model. We show, by a contiguity argument, that joint estimation of the parameters β and p is impossible, which implies that the estimation of p is impossible if β is unknown. These impossibility results are also extended to the more general p-spin Erdös–Rényi Ising model. The situation is more delicate when β is known. In this case, we show that there exists an increasing threshold function β*(p), such that for all β, consistent estimation of p is impossible when β*(p)>β, and for almost allβ, consistent estimation of p is possible for β*(p)<β.
Metacognitive Monitoring in Written Communication: Improving Reflective Practice
Authors: Zsigmond István , Metallidou Panagiota , Misailidi Plousia , Iordanou Kalypso , Papaleontiou-Louca Eleonora
Published: February 2025

Educational programs aimed at developing metacognitive skills usually focus on students, neglecting the development of teachers by teaching metacognitively aware instructional methods. The effectiveness of such development programs is well-established, but there is a gap between research findings and their application in schools. A framework for a training program was developed in the context of an international partnership project aimed at enhancing the metacognitive abilities of both children and teachers. The final form of classroom activities was developed at the country level using action research methods with the involvement of teachers. After implementing a 3-week educational program involving 35 experimental and 19 control groups from Romanian public schools, a comparison of pre- and post-test scores indicated a significant increase in the number of children in the experimental group with improved efficiency in metacognitive monitoring in reading. Teachers’ metacognitive awareness significantly improved after the Teacher Training Program, as indicated by a comparison of the pre- and post-training results of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Teachers (MAIT). No correlation was found between teachers’ development scores (as expressed by differences between pre- and post-intervention MAIT results) and the number of students from their classes whose progress in metacognitive monitoring significantly increased. The cyclical process of the action research methodology proved to be useful for increasing the efficiency of the intervention program. However, due to methodological limitations, the results are primarily interpretable within a local context. The results confirm expert recommendations aimed at integrating the targeted development of metacognitive teaching skills into both pre-service and in-service teacher training programs.
Improvement in Energy Self-Sufficiency in Residential Buildings Using Photovoltaic Thermal Plants, Heat Pumps, and Electrical and Thermal Storage
Authors: Gagliano Antonio , Tina Giuseppe Marco , Aneli Stefano
Published: February 2025

Promoting complete decarbonization by entrusting the energy supply through renewable sources (wind, photovoltaic, solar thermal, etc.) is one of the key strategies in the building sector. However, renewable energy’s intermittent and space–time mismatch characteristics pose challenges to its compatibility with the power grid. Challenges can be mitigated by introducing thermal and electrical storage to increase the self-consumption of renewable energy in the buildings. This work proposes a comparison between different energy systems equipped with a heat pump, solar plant (photovoltaic or photovoltaic thermal), and thermal and electrical storage. All year-round performances of the different energy system configurations have been simulated using the TRNSYS 17.2 software. The energy analyses revealed that the energy system equipped with a photovoltaic plant, when incorporating the two storages, improves self-consumption (Rsc) from 34.1% to 69.4 and self-sufficiency (Dss) from 27.9% to 59.9%, respectively. Additionally, the energy system equipped with photovoltaic thermal collectors and both storages further improve the system performance; an Rsc of 96.2% and Dss of 86.9% are attained. These results demonstrate that the previous energy system configuration can facilitate the near attainment of net-zero energy buildings. Furthermore, the proposed energy system is characterized by a minimal energy imbalance between the building’s energy demand and the energy produced, thereby reducing the need for energy exchange with the electrical grid.
High Electrochemical Performance of Sodium-Ion Gel Polymer Electrolytes Achieved Through a Sandwich Design Strategy Combining Soft Polymers with a Rigid MOF
Authors: Huang Hanjiao , Li Zongyou , Gao Yanjun , Wang Tianqi , Chen Zihan , Gan Songjie , Yang Caizhen , Yu Qiyao , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: February 2025

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the next-generation candidates for partially substituting for commercial lithium-ion batteries in future energy storage systems because of the abundant sodium/potassium reserves and these batteries’ cost-effectiveness and high safety. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have become a popular research focus due to their advantages in terms of safety and performance in research on quasi-solid-state sodium-ion batteries (QSSIBs). Building on previous studies that incorporated MOF fillers into polymer-based gel electrolytes, we propose a 3D sandwich structure in which MOF materials are first pressed into thin films and then coated and protected by polymer materials. Using this approach, we achieved an ion conductivity of 1.75 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and an ion transference number of 0.69. Solid-state sodium-ion batteries using this gel film electrolyte exhibited long cycling stability at a 2 C current density, retaining 75.2% of their specific capacity after 500 cycles.
Improving the Biomass Energy Yield of Cocksfoot Cultivated on Degraded Soil Amended with Organic–Mineral Fertilizer
Authors: Wydro Urszula , Wołejko Elżbieta , Joniec Jolanta , Bober Agata , Chomczyńska Mariola
Published: February 2025

The current difficult political and economic situation generates the need to seek new sources of energy, and the solution may be to increase biomass of energy crops through using organic–mineral wastes to improve soil quality. The research objectives were to determine the effect of coal gangue (CG) and sewage sludge (SS) based organic–mineral fertilizer (OMF) application on cocksfoot growth and subsequently on biogas and methane production. First, a 6-week vegetation experiment was conducted where degraded soil (DS) taken from the edge of a sand mine in Rokitno was amended with OMF at 1% (DS + 1), 2%, 5%, and 10%. Cocksfoot was sown on such prepared soils. At the end of the first stage of the experiment, plant and soil samples were collected. In cocksfoot, dry shoot and root biomass were determined. The main soil properties and soil dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and protease (PROT) activities were analyzed. Next, an anaerobic fermentation experiment was conducted. In batch assay of digestion, cocksfoot collected from arable soil (CS) and from DS + 1% was used. Concerning the pot experiment, there was higher PROT in DS + 5% (by 133%) and DS + 10% (by 417%) compared to CS, and ALP in DS + 10% was higher by 19% than in CS. Shoot dry matter in OMF-amended DS was 107–297% higher than in CS. Among the fermentation experiment, the greatest differences (20–37%) in average daily biogas production between CS and DS + 1% were observed at 2–4 days but methane content in biogas in both variants was similar. Summarizing, fertilizer based on SS and CG can be a valuable substrate for degraded soil and increase in energy crops biomass.
Assessment of Hydrogen Storage and Pipelines for Hydrogen Farm
Authors: Alssalehin Esmaeil , Holborn Paul , Pilidis Pericles
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a thorough initial evaluation of hydrogen gaseous storage and pipeline infrastructure, emphasizing health and safety protocols as well as capacity considerations pertinent to industrial applications. As hydrogen increasingly establishes itself as a vital energy vector within the transition towards low-carbon energy systems, the formulation of effective storage and transportation solutions becomes imperative. The investigation delves into the applications and technologies associated with hydrogen storage, specifically concentrating on compressed hydrogen gas storage, elucidating the principles underlying hydrogen compression and the diverse categories of hydrogen storage tanks, including pressure vessels specifically designed for gaseous hydrogen containment. Critical factors concerning hydrogen gas pipelines are scrutinized, accompanied by a review of appropriate compression apparatus, types of compressors, and particular pipeline specifications necessary for the transport of both hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolysers. The significance of health and safety in hydrogen systems is underscored due to the flammable nature and high diffusivity of hydrogen. This paper defines the recommended health and safety protocols for hydrogen storage and pipeline operations, alongside exemplary practices for the effective implementation of these protocols across various storage and pipeline configurations. Moreover, it investigates the function of oxygen transport pipelines and the applications of oxygen produced from electrolysers, considering the interconnected safety standards governing hydrogen and oxygen infrastructure. The conclusions drawn from this study facilitate the advancement of secure and efficient hydrogen storage and pipeline systems, thereby furthering the overarching aim of scalable hydrogen energy deployment within both energy and industrial sectors.