bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the joint properties of
the friction welding of aluminium alloy
tube to tube plate using an external tool
Authors: Korkmaz E. , Gülsöz A. , Meran C.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Aluminium and its alloys are frequently used in structural applications due to
their good welding ability as well as their high strength and corrosion resistance. Several
developments have been observed on the welding of aluminium in last decade. The
manufacturing of heat exchangers, economizers and boilers is highly cost progress due to
tube to tube plate welding’s. The purpose of this study is investigation of friction weldability
of tube to tube plate aluminium alloys using an external tools (FWTPET) which is a relatively
newer solid state welding process used for joining tube to tube plate.
Design/methodology/approach: First, preliminary experiments were carried out to
determining suitable the tool rotational speed, pressure load and temperature. An
experimental setup has been designed and manufactured to keep the pressure load
constant during the preliminary tests. Then, by changing the weld mouth on the plate, the
gap between the tube and the plate, and the tube projection parameters, the effects of all
parameters on shear strength values, micro hardness values and the formation of internal
structure of the weld zone were investigated.
Findings: It was founded that aluminium tubes can successfully weld to tube plates with
using an external tools. Also it is seen that vertical force between tool and sample, tube
protection and temperature are very important parameters which are effect of welded joint
properties.
Practical implications: FWTPET which is new welding method has been used in
industrial field in last few years.
Originality/value: In the beginnings studies concentrate on non-ferrous metals such as Al,
Cu, Mg etc. So this studies on FWTPET have remarkable importance.
Optical properties of PVP/ZnO composite thin films
Authors: Tański T. , Matysiak W.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The aim of the work was the preparation of thin composite layers from PVP
polymer doped by ZnO nanoparticles using the spin coating method and the analysis
of the applied reinforcing phase on the morphology and optical properties of obtained
composites.
Design/methodology/approach: To analyse the morphology of thin coatings a
technique of surface topography imaging using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was
applied. Analysis of the optical properties was conducted using absorbance spectrum in
function of wavelength for all produced thin coatings using UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Findings: AFM results show that mass concentration of ZnO nanoparticles of 10% in
a solution of PVP/EtOH polymers has a meaningful influence on the morphology of the
surface of the PVP/ZnO composite coatings. Using obtained absorbance spectra, the
width of the band gap of the manufactured composite coatings were determined which
were compared with a band gap values of pure polymer and used reinforcing phase.
Practical implications: The analysis of the values of the energy band gap of the
manufactured materials showed that both for pure polymer and composite coatings
values of energy band gap are similar approx. 4 eV at the same time decrease the degree
of absorption of electromagnetic radiation caused by the increasing concentration of the
reinforcing phase, which indicates the broad possibilities of application of this type of the
material.
A new high thermal shock resistant onelayer
glass–ceramic coating for industrial
and engineering applications
Authors: Mohmmed J.H.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: A new high thermal stability single layer glass–ceramic coating system designing
for applied on various grade of steel alloy has been developed in this work.
Design/methodology/approach: The thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity
and thermal expansion of the coating system were evaluated by using suitable standard
tests. Some crystalline agents (Lithium oxide Li2O, Titanium oxide TiO2, Zircon ZrSiO4 and
Feldspar CaO∙Al2O3∙2SiO2) were add at constant ratio 6% to coating system to evaluate
their effects on the resultant coatings.
Findings: The results indicate the suitability of these coatings for protection of metal
substrate. Also the results show that the properties of resultant coating were hardly affected
by composition and concentration of crystalline agent.
Research limitations/implications: Coating with lithium oxide has the lowest thermal
expansion, which means the highest thermal shock resistance. While, values of thermal
conductivity were too close for all types of coating.
Originality/value: Generally, the resultant coating properties have been enhanced in all
cases; this is associated with the introduce the crystalline agent which lead to the formation
of a complex network of crystalline phases.
Effects of multi-pass FSP on the β phase
(Mg17Al12) distribution and mechanical
properties of AZ91C magnesium alloy
Authors: Rouhi S. , Dadashpour M. , Mostafapour A. , Doniavi A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The principle and advantages of friction stir processing (FSP) for the production
of a highly formable Mg alloy, and some convincing experimental results are reported in this
paper. The aim is to understand the relationship between the microstructure characteristics
and the mechanical properties behaviour of the number of FSP passes AZ91C alloy.
Design/methodology/approach: FSP is a solid state processing technique which
involves plunging and traversing a square pin profiles FSP tool through the material. In this
study, a fine-grained multi-phase AZ91C magnesium alloy was produced by applying FSP
on as-cast AZ91C alloy.
Findings: FSP achieved grain refinement and homogenization of the as-cast microstructure
in Mg alloy AZ91C. FSP produced a fine homogeneous microstructure having a grain size of
6 μm throughout the plate. Also tensile properties of the specimen produced in one, two and
three passes were investigated by standard tensile test. Results show that FSP improved
the tensile characteristics of the as cast AZ91C alloy significantly. As the number of passes
increased, higher UTS and TE were achieved due to finer grains and more dissolution of β
phase (Mg17Al12).
Originality/value: The present study shows that FSP is an efficient production method for
a large-scale plate of a highly formable Mg alloy.
POTENTIAL AND FORECAST FOR USE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS
IN POLAND
Authors: Gradziuk Piotr
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the research was to identify changes and dynamics of development of biogas sector in Poland. On the
basis of developed models of development tendencies, which were characterized by the ability to explain the described
phenomena, projections of renewable energy generation in Poland were presented up to 2030. From the presented
research it is expected that by 2030 the share of this sector in the generation of renewable energy will be doubled.
LOCAL ACTION GROUPS FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION IN LUBLIN REGION
Authors: Guzal-Dec Danuta , Zwolińska-Ligaj Magdalena
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to characterize the functioning of the Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the 2014–2020
perspective and to assess the scale and extent of LAGs impact through the social inclusion policy for rural and
urban-rural communities in Lublin voivodship. The aim was achieved through the analysis of literature as well as
documents regulating the functioning of all 22 LAGs in Lubelskie Voivodship. The desk research method was also used.
In the analysis of the research material elements of descriptive statistics and the significance test of differences were
used. It has been demonstrated that counteracting social exclusion in various dimensions and areas was outlined in
the statutory purposes and development strategies of all LAGs. Among the LAGs investigated there are entities that
actively implement the policy of inclusion. However, the activity of LAGs surveyed in the activities undertaken under
the National Program for the Development of Social Economy is low.
MULTIPLIER EFFECTS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Herda-Kopańska Justyna
Published: August 2017

The paper presents the conclusions stemming from the literature review concerning studies on multiplier effects present in the agriculture. Firstly, the concept of a multiplier is presented. Then, multiplier effects in the agriculture are described. Finally, based on a literature review, results of studies on multiplier effects in the agriculture are discussed. Following the conducted literature review study it can be concluded that the development of agriculture creates multiplier effects not only in the agriculture, but also in the other sectors of the economy.
THE NATIONAL INDEX TARGET AS THE DEVELOPMENT FACTOR
OF NATIVE VEGETABLE PROTEIN MARKET
Authors: Jerzak Michał , Krysztofiak Paweł
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper was to indicate the possibilities of using The National Index Target of
vegetable protein as the development of native vegetable protein market stimulating factor in Polish
economy. Available research results connected with native vegetable protein market were used in the
accomplishment of the task. The proposition of algorithm that defines, resulting from the National Index
Target, native vegetable protein contribution to fodder production by national companies is presented
in the article. The study concluded that previous attempts of native vegetable protein market animation
had not produced intended effects. Further actions, to confront the strong competitive position of import
soybean meal market, that tend to achieve the goal require the introduction of the National Index Target
to native vegetable protein in the fodder, however it is a form of state interventionism. Yet the research
connected with using rape seeds for the production of biofuels indicates a huge chance of succeeding in
intended purposes.
SHORT SUPPLY CHAINS – FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PRODUCERS
Authors: Kiss Konrád
Published: August 2017

The modern food retail trade means a concentrated and overstocked market in developed
countries as well as in many developing countries. Joining the food chains of the “modern retail trade”
often poses a problem for small-sized agricultural producers, which decreases their market opportunities.
Trading in short supply chains is an option for producers to reach markets and increase incomes. The
object of this exploring study is to use primary interviews to assess the opinions and satisfaction of the
producers trading in short supply chains about their sales opportunities. The main question is how short
supply chains can perform their given roles as regards both producer positions and in rural development.
FOOD SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Kraciuk Jakub
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors
determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual
European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years
average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable
changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries
regarding access to food has clearly improved.
PRICE TRANSMISSION IN SELECTED AGRI-FOOD CHAINS
Authors: Krawczak Marcin
Published: August 2017

The method used to test the price transmission is the ARDL models for four pork products (pork chops,
bacon, ham, and ham) at various stages of the marketing chain. The asymmetry in price transmission was
also investigated using the Balke et al. Model. The strongest transmission occurred between the price
of the processor and the price of the raw material. The most important thing in the evolution of product
prices at any stage has been delayed by one month’s reaction to changes in prices. Asymmetry was present
only for variable parts and their delays, generally positive.
DIVERSIFICATION OF THE LEVEL OF EXPENDITURES ON FIXED ASSETS
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT
IN POLAND
Authors: Kropsz-Wydra Irena
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to analyze changes and to assess the diversification of the level of investment expenditures
on fixed assets used for environmental protection and water management in Poland. The study period covered the
years 2002-2015. Regional structure and dynamics of changes in the level of investment expenditures were analyzed.
In addition, the share of investment expenditures on environmental protection and water management in investment
expenditures on the national economy was calculated. There was an overall increase in investment outlays on fixed
assets for environmental protection and water management in Poland, as evidenced by the increasing dynamics of
changes over time.
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN RURAL AREAS OF POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF ACHIEVING COHESION POLICY OBJECTIVES
Authors: Murawska Anna
Published: August 2017

The article presents social inequalities in rural areas in Poland in the light of the objectives of cohesion policy. Income was analyzed in households belonging to a particular socio-economic group and depending on the place of residence (city-village). Particularly during the analyzes, a quantitative measure of inequality was measured in the form of a Gini coefficient. The article presents the dynamics of changes in 2006-2015. Income situation in rural households and farmers improves, but this trend is not reflected in the decline in income inequality in rural populations.
STATE AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SECTORS
AND IN RURAL AREAS IN RESPECT OF THE COMPETITION POLICY
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2004-2015
Authors: Rutkiewicz Krzysztof , Pruchnicka Angelika
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study is to discuss the legal and economic aspects of granting of state aid in the sectors of agriculture,
forestry and in rural areas in the light of the EU competition policy in the years 2004-2015. The methods of deduction,
descriptive, critical-cognitive and comparative analysis of statistical data (derived from Eurostat database) on the value and
structure of state aid for sectoral targets in the EU-28, were used. State aid in the EU is the instrument aimed at achieving
the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, which strengthens the competitiveness and profitability of all agricultural
branches, promotes the sustainable forest management and territorial development of rural areas, stimulating the actions in
the field of climate and energy efficiency. The greatest beneficiaries of state aid in the agricultural sector in the years 2004-
2015 were: France (16%), Germany (12%), Finland (10%), Italy (9%), Spain (8%), Poland (7%), Great Britain (6%) and
Netherlands (5%). In the structure of state aid in the EU-28 Member States, tax exemptions were the predominant use (14%),
followed by investments in agricultural holdings (13.6%), support to the livestock sector (8%), animal disease control (6%),
agricultural and livestock insurance contributions (5.4%), technical support (5%), forestry support (4.8%), aid for research
& development & innovation (4.7%), adverse weather events (4%), public expenditures for environmental protection and
compensations for natural disasters and other exceptional occurrences (3.5% each).
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED VERSUS RISK IN AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES – INTERACTIONS AND CAUSES OF THEIR OCCURRENCES
Authors: Zabolotnyy Serhiy
Published: August 2017

The goal of the research is to present relations between the ability to generate value and risk in agribusiness companies. The ability to generate value of analyzed entities was determined using a rate of return on invested capital expressed by economic value addend (EVA). To characterize the risk of business indicators of operating and financial leverage were used. In periods of higher leverage lower rates of return on invested capital were noticed. The main reason for growth of the degree of leverage was an increase in the share of fixed cost in gross margin along with a decrease of operating profit. This gave an evidence of a negative influence of risk expressed by leverage on ability to generate value in agribusiness companies.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF WEED CONTROL OF EDIBLE POTATOES
Authors: Zarzecka Krystyna , Gugała Marek , Mystkowska Iwona , Baranowska Alicja , Głuszczak Bożena
Published: August 2017

The paper presents the results of calculations which are 3-year field experiment with different weed control methods in the cultivation of edible potato. Experimental objects included five weed control methods: control object – mechanical as well as four objects of mechanical-chemical treatments with the use of herbicides and their mixtures - Command 480 EC, Command 480 EC + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC, Stomp 400 SC, Stomp 400 SC + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC. The economic analysis included performed treatments and material input. The economic effects of crop protection treatments was determined on the basis of the indicators adopted in crop protection, such as: index of the cost defrayal (WPK) and orientation indexes of profitability (E1 and E2). Orientation indexes of profitability E1 and E2 showed that mechanicalchemical protection of edible potato using herbicides was profitable.
CONSUMERS PREFERENCES FOR LEAF VEGETABLES ACCORDING
TO GENDER
Authors: Zmarlicki Krzysztof , Brzozowski Piotr
Published: August 2017

The study on consumer preferences on leafy vegetables was conducted on 285 persons in Skierniewice
Poland. Leafy vegetables, mainly lettuce and ready-to-eat bagged salads regularly consume more than
70% of the respondents, i.e. eat at least twice a week. The most commonly purchased leaf vegetable among
the studied population was Iceberg lettuce, which was consumed by 49% of women and 58% of men. Most
respondents stated that they did not buy bagged salads. It seems that the reason for the limited purchases
is the too high price of bagged salads in relation to the price of lettuce sold by piece. In addition to this a
significant proportion of consumers are concerned about freshness of bagged salads, as the most important
driver when deciding to buy a bagged salads was their fresh appearance. Due to rising consumption and
increased imports, the growth of leafy vegetables has good prospects of development. It seems that with
the increase of the population incomes the consumption of bagged salads will grow as it did in Western
Europe and North America.
Wartość wychowania humanistycznego. Umysł humanisty w obozie koncentracyjnym
Authors: Gurczyńska-Sady Katarzyna
Published: August 2017

Times when the Nazi concentration camps appeared is the period when the importance of
humanistic knowledge weakened. The living conditions in concentration camps were so
horrible that the primary goal of the prisoners was just to survive in the Nazi created “world”,
which can be described as non-human, and therefore non-humanistic. Hence there is a question
whether humanistic upbringing is valuable, if it is not useful in an extreme situation, when
humanity of a human is at stake? If not: why does it not allow man to remain human? This
question occupied the minds of the camp prisoners who discussed the status of humanistic
upbringing. The author of the article tries to answer this question using the recollections of
Primo Levi, Jean Amery and Victor Frankl.
Podmiot-w-procesie. Poststrukturalistyczna analiza wspomnień w grupach studenckich metodą zbiorowego pisania biografii
Authors: Zbróg Zuzanna
Published: August 2017

The article describes an innovative method of qualitative research called collective biography writing (CBW), which is not known at all in the pedagogical research of the region of Central and Eastern Europe. CBW is focused on intensively felt, suggestive memories which are analysed collectively according to a given methodological procedure. CBW may be applied to discover complex conditioning and contexts of individual’s functioning, thanks to which we may try to answer the questions about what we really know about ourselves, others and the reality. The ultimate aim of using CBW is the exposure of what “life” as such looks like, how the world functions, what reality is like and what happens in it – the aim is understanding.
Poczucie bezradności i lęku w relacjach między ludźmi. Implikacje pedagogiczne
Authors: Rumianowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to the problem of human relationships with special attention paid to
the experience of helplessness, powerlessness and social anxiety in contacts with other people.
The problem is described from the existential-psychological and social-cultural perspective.
At first the author presents the essence and reasons for feeling helpless and anxious in the
psychological context. Then various aspects of human alienation in contemporary culture are
enumerated. In the second part of the article the author discusses the category of usefulness
and utility in thinking about oneself and other people, the alienation of language and loss
of the so-called “individual initiative”. Theoretical considerations have been supplemented
with the results of the author’s own research. At the end of the article the author indicates
the role of education in preventing the development of helplessness among young people.
Kulturowe uwarunkowania piśmienności młodzieży
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna
Published: August 2017

The age of secondary orality, in which the oral and literate ways of thinking collide with each other, influences the communicative styles of today’s youth. One of the visible phenomena related to the language of teenagers is their progressing inability to acquire skills required to use written texts, together with the resulting cognitive and social consequences. In this article, the author discusses the impact of cultural factors on the development of youth literacy. The analyses, based on observations of the linguistic behaviour of lower secondary school students, show that young people are firmly anchored in the current communicative communities immersed in the digital world.
Wielokulturowość współczesnego społeczeństwa wyzwaniem dla edukacji i kształcenia ustawicznego
Authors: Zdziebło Kazimiera
Published: August 2017

One of the main problems associated with the phenomenon of multiculturalism of modern
society is the question of intercultural education and its role in preparing secondary school
graduates and employees to work and coexist in a multicultural environment. A particularly
important aspect of its activities is in the sphere of the development of appropriate human
attitudes and cultural and legal awareness, as well as respect for the standards and the rules
of social interaction arising from cultural diversity. Developing intercultural competence including
improving knowledge, developing skills and attitudes regarding relationships and human
functioning in a culturally diverse society is therefore an important area of activity in schools,
universities and centres of postgraduate education. The aim of this paper is to discuss issues
related to multicultural societies and the challenges for education and lifelong learning that
result from the phenomenon of multiculturalism.
Polikarpov’s Primer of the 1701: Elementary education project in transitional Russia
Authors: Bezrogov Vitaly G.
Published: August 2017

The article discusses one of the first Muscovy primers printed in the early 18th century and used for over fifty years. The primer’s structure and its overall concept are analysed in detail. The article also considers the primer’s dictionary section and the theological concept which allowed to offer Russian students a three-language study book containing study materials in three languages (Church Slavonic, Greek, and Latin) but one Orthodox credo. Close reading methods allowed the author to consider such type of early Modern primers as a tool for strict confessional religious education and not for wider purposes.
The effect of colemanite addition on the
properties of mullite-zirconia composites
prepared by slip casting
Authors: Aydin H. , Ceylantekin R. , Tokataş G.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: This study deals with the effects of colemanite (Ca2B6O115H2O) on properties ofslip-cast mullite–zirconia composites prepared via reaction–sintering of kaolinite, aluminaand zircon powders.Design/methodology/approach: Colloidal processing (slip casting) is the routetowards preparing these materials using 45 vol.% aqueous suspensions of a mixture offine powders stabilized with polyacrylate solution as a dispersant.Findings: The influence of powder composition on physical, mineralogical properties, andmicrostructure of these composites after firing at 1450, 1500 and 1550°C are observed.The results show that the density of composites tends to increase with the addition of7 wt.% colemanite. XRD analyses reveal that using colemanite during the synthesis ofmullite-zirconia composites lowers the reaction temperature. All of the composites consistof irregularly shaped mullite and round-shaped zirconia grains, which are distributedhomogenously.Practical implications: Mullite–zirconia composites, owing to their chemical inertnessand good resistance against chemical attack-corrosion by siliceous and metallic melts, theyare employed in the glass industry.Originality/value: Reaction sintering process is considered as a promising technology forpreparing mullite-zirconia composites, because it has some advantages such as low costof traditional raw materials, straightforward production technology and low manufacturingcost.
Before Innovation Comes Inspiration
Authors: Mercer Kenneth L.
Published: August 2017

Innovation within the water industry can be as difficult to define as it is slow to occur. For most businesses, the cycle of innovation is driven by the need for survival as competitors force an enterprise to either improve or exit the market. At its core, however, the water industry consists of utilities that are natural monopolies protected from competition by their significant investments in infrastructure and natural resources. How much this monopolistic mindset affects innovation at water and wastewater utilities is a matter of debate, but several other groups in the water industry ‐ namely researchers, consultants, and manufacturers ‐ are subject to the laws of competition and so must continually seek innovation.
Incorporating Time–Dose–Response Into Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei Outbreak Models
Authors: Prasad Bidya , Haas Charles N.
Published: August 2017

Experimental time‐to‐infection data are a useful but often underused material for examining the mechanics of in vivo pathogen growth. The authors incorporated a time–dose–response (TDR) equation into a Shigella flexneri outbreak model. Dose–response and TDR models were generated for Shigella sonnei outbreak model. Dose–response and TDR models were generated for S. flexneri exposure to monkeys. The TDR equation that best fit the monkey data—the beta‐Poisson with exponential dependency model—was chosen for incorporation into the outbreak model. The outbreak model is a probability model that convolutes an assumed incubation distribution of the infectious agent with an exposure distribution. Since the beta‐Poisson with exponential dependency models the time‐to‐infection density distribution, it is entered as the incubation distribution, along with Weibull, lognormal, gamma, and uniform functions. Each of these five incubation functions is convoluted with Weibull, lognormal, gamma, and uniform functions (which served as exposure distributions) for a total of 20 models. The time‐dependent probability distribution yielded best‐fit results for the S. sonnei outbreak scenario.
DEVELOPMENT OF RATIONAL METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE LEAD MOLYBDATE IN MELTS OF Na2MO2O7 - PbCO3 SYSTEM
Authors: Shurdumov Ghazali K. , Сherkesov Zaur A. , Kаndurova Eleоnora F.
Published: August 2017

The work presents material on interaction of dimolybdate of sodium and carbonate of lead, and also data on the development of a rational method for the synthesis of PbMoO4 in the melts, characterized by high productivity and yield of the target product of "h.с." brand in the nanocrystalline state. To achieve the work aims the thermodynamic assessment of the ability of the synthesis of molybdate of lead in melts of the system Na2Mo2O7 – PbCO3 was given. It is shown that the thermodynamic probability of formation of molybdate of lead in a number of Na2Mo2O7 – PbO(PbO2, PbCO3), is maximal for the process in the system of dimolybdate sodium – lead carbonate. The starting material for the synthesis of lead molybdate – dimolybdate sodium – was synthesized from recrystallized and dehydrated sodium molybdate and molybdenum oxide (VI). The melting temperature of synthesized dimolybdate sodium is 612 °C (614 °C – literature data). Synthesis of lead molybdate was done after careful grinding of the initial reagents and sifting through a sieve. The temperature of the synthesis process of 650 °C was maintained for 1.5 h until reaching the constant weight of mixture. Then mixture was sintered, cooled to room temperature and leached with hot (70-80 °C) distilled water. The precipitate of lead molybdate was filtered, washed on the filter to a negative reaction on molybdate ion. Synthesized molybdate of lead was dried, washed and calcined to constant weight. The yield of lead (II) molybdate was of 99.88% of the theoretical. Analysis of the obtained product was based on reaction between PbMoO4 with sodium carbonate with the formation of sodium molybdate, lead oxide (II) and carbon oxide (IV). Thus obtained sample was sintered, leached with hot distilled water and filtered. The residue was treated with acetic acid obtained from acetate of lead, the latter is determined in a form of lead molybdate (sodium molybdate deposition). To determine molybdenum from the filtrate from PbO, the inverse sedimentation method was used, in the form of BaMoO4, which is its weight form. The work also contains a material on the identification of the synthesized product by modern research methods.For citation:Shurdumov G.K., Cherkesov Z.A., Kandurova E.F. Development of rational method of synthesis of nanocrystalline lead molybdate in melts of Na2Mo2O7 – PbCO3 system. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 78-84.
STUDY OF MASS CONDUCTIVITY PROPERTIES OF SEEDS LAYER
Authors: Rudobashta Stanislav P. , Zueva Galina A. , Dmitriev Vyacheslav M.
Published: August 2017

Data on the mass conductivity coefficient have been obtained during drying the onion seeds in a thick layer of 5 mm thick ventilated on the surface, which were calculated by the zonal method on the basis of experimental curves of drying and heating. These data are described by the dependence of the mass conductivity coefficient on temperature and moisture content of the material.  The comparison of the mass conductivity coefficient values for a layer and for single seeds is given,  which shows that: 1) the mass conductivity coefficient in the layer changes significantly during drying, therefore, this change must be taken into account; 2) the change in the mass conductivity coefficient is due to its dependence on both moisture content and temperature, but the influence of temperature prevails over the influence of moisture content, therefore, themass conductivity coefficient increases during drying, 3) the mass conductivity coefficient in the layer is two orders of magnitude higher than for single seeds. The curve of seeds drying in a layer of 5 mm thick have been calculated using the obtained data on the mass conductivity coefficient for the process of oscillating infrared seeds drying carried out at a material temperature fluctuation in the range from tmin = 34 °C to tmax = 40 °C, which showed satisfactory agreement of the results of calculation and experiment. Experimental and calculated curves of oscillating infrared seeds drying in a layer of 5 mm thick are compared with analogous curves of drying the seeds in a monolayer, which showed that, despite the fact that the mass conductivity coefficient of seeds in a layer of 5 mm thick is two orders of magnitude greater than in a monolayer, the drying of seeds in the first case is slower because of the greater thickness of the layer. To calculate the kinetics of the process of oscillating infrared seeds drying in a dense layer, when its surface temperature oscillates in the range from tmin = 34 °C to tmax = 40 °C, the zonal method is recommended using the obtained data on the mass conductivity coefficient, taking into account the change in the mass conductivity during the process.Forcitation:Rudobashta S.P., Zueva G.A., Dmitriev V.M. Study of mass conductivity properties of seedslayer. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 72-77.
CYCLIC BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE AND PROMISING FIELD OF APPLICATION
Authors: Chukov Nikolay A. , Mikitaev Muslim A. , Ligidov Mukhamed Kh. , Bashorov Musa T. , Shogenov Vladimir N. , Pakhomov Sergey I.
Published: August 2017

Due to its unique characteristics, cyclic butylene terephthalate is used in novel developments of chemical industry. This article represents the review of the latest achievements in the field of processing, structure, properties of cyclic butylene terephthalate, its physical and chemical modifications as well as composites and nanocomposites based on it. In recent years, cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers have drawn the attention of scientists. The oligomers can be acquired through the chemical reaction of cyclo-depolymerization and used as materials for ring-opening polymerization reactions. This method of polymerization has a variety of advantages compared to a standard method of synthesis polyesters. One of the main advantages of this method includes the capability to make polymerization reactions at standard atmospheric pressure, low required temperature, no side effects and obtaining a completely finished product as an outcome. The unique qualities of cyclic butylene terephthalate make it a promising material to be used as matrix for a variety of nano- and microcomposites and super concentrate. This study analyzes some of the examples of applying CBT as a super concentrate for creating materials like carbon nanotubes, laminated silicates, carbon fibers and glass fibers. In the majority of studies, the addition of nano-sized fillers into CBT leads to amplification of mechanical properties. In the cases of usage as fillers for carbon fibers and glass fibers, the possibility of replacing thermosetting resins with CBT is currently being researched. It could possibly lead to increase in manufacturability of carbon fibers and fiberglass and increase its possible area of application. Cyclic butylene terephthalate can also be used as a viscosity modifier for synthetic rubbers. In this case it can be both plasticizer and enhancing agent.For citation:Chukov N.A., Mikitaev M.A., Ligidov M.Kh., Bashorov M.T., Shogenov V.N., Pakhomov S.I. Cyclic butylene terephthalate and promising field of application. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 4-13.
Pilot Plant NO2 Removal with Aqueous Sulfite
Authors: Sexton Andrew , Sachde Darshan , Vance Austyn , Fisher Kevin , Selinger Joseph , Fischer Kent , Rochelle Gary
Published: August 2017

A novel method to remove nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants with CO2 capture has been advanced for commercial implementation. The technology leverages the equipment and chemistry in an existing (sulfur dioxide) SO2 polishing scrubber upstream of the main CO2 capture unit to remove the NO2, preventing degradation of the CO2 capture solvent and formation of nitrosamines. The report focuses on further evaluation of the chemical additives and operating conditions associated with the NO2 removal process to define conditions for commercial scale testing and deployment. Experimental work systematically evaluated a series of potential additives to minimize the oxidation of sulfite in a representative SO2 pre-scrubber solution. The additive combinations and concentrations were varied alongside important process conditions such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and metals present in solution to mimic the conditions expected in a commercial system. Important results of the parametric experimental work include identifying a new, potent sulfite oxidation inhibitor, revealing the importance of combining inhibitors with metal chelating agents, validation of a low-cost additive process, and development of a new semi-empirical model to represent mechanisms associated with sulfite oxidation. In addition, the experimental work revealed the impact of operating at higher temperatures (representative of a field test unit), which will guide the selection and concertation of additives as well. Techno-economic analysis identified potential net savings as large as $1.30/tonne CO2 captured and quantified the potential benefit of low cost additive options actively being pursued by the development team. Finally, the experimental results and engineering analysis supported the development of a detailed field testing plan and protocol to evaluate the technology at near-commercial scale. The field test preparation included development of procedures to introduce chemical additives to an existing SO2 polishing unit and identification of representative flue gas conditions based on a review of existing plants. These activities will have direct bearing on operation and design of commercial units.
Analytical Corrections to CO2-Brine Core Relative Permeability for Low Rate Flow Modeling
Authors: Rabinovich Avinoam
Published: August 2017

Relative permeability of CO2 and brine is one of the fundamental parameters controlling flow related to carbon storage in saline aquifers. Core samples recovered from subsurface formations are characterized in laboratory experiments to determine effective core relative permeability curves. Typically, coreflooding experiments are conducted at high injection rates so that the resulting flow is viscous dominated. However, at lower rates, it has been shown that the effective curves may change as capillary heterogeneity effects become significant. Using relative permeability determined by conventional coreflooding in simulations with low flow rates, e.g., to model CO2 migration in aquifers, may incur significant error.

A new method for calculating low flow rate relative permeability curves is presented. The method is based on approximate analytical solutions for effective relative permeability under steady state and capillary limit flow conditions. Derivation is carried out using power law averaging, assuming log normally distributed core permeability. We validate the analytical solution by comparison to numerical solutions for a wide range of cases. An additional correction for the CO2 curves is shown to be necessary and derived by matching analytical and numerical results. Given a core which has been characterized by conventional high rate coreflooding experiments, the current method gives a fast and efficient correction for low flow rate applications. It circumvents the need for additional experiments or computationally expensive coreflooding simulations.
Numerical Analyses of the Effect of the Impurity in the Gas on the Solubility Trapping in the CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Mu Lingyu , Liao Xinwei , Zhao Xiaoliang , Chen Zhiming , Zhu Langtao , Luo Biao
Published: August 2017

The CO2 dissolved in the aquifer will increase the density of brine, which can result in the instability of the gravity and prompt the onset of the viscous finger. The viscous finger will lead to the convective mix, accelerating the process of CO2 solution in the brine. However, the gas stream in the CO2 storage usually contains the impurities such as N2, O2, and SO2, which can change the density difference in the process of solution, and affect the solubility trapping in the CO2 sequestration.

In this paper, a numerical simulation method was used to study the effect of different impurities on the solubility trapping in the process of CO2 storage. Firstly, based on the PR-HV model, this paper calculated the solubility of CO2, N2, O2, and SO2 with different temperature and salinity and analysed the variation of the solubility. Then a multi-component numerical simulation model based on a certain aquifer layer was established to compare the CO2 dissolution rate and the onset time of the instability and analyze the influence of impurities in the CO2 stream on the solubility trapping. Finally, this paper clarified the impact on the CO2 storage and suggested that the concentration of the impurities should be controlled in a rational range for the perspective of the economy and efficiency.

The results show that the solubility of CO2 is higher than N2 and O2 in the saline water, and close to that of SO2. We applied the solubility data to the numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation shows that with the increase of the concentration of N2 or O2, CO2 dissolution rate has a decrease, and the onset time of the instability has an increase. It meas the longer time CO2 plume keeping in the state of good flowing capability and low density. The onset of viscous finger will be postponed, leading to a negative influence on the solubility trapping and the risk of the CO2 leak through fractures and faults. On the contrary, SO2 can shorten the onset time of the instability, which accelerates the viscous finger and prompts the solubility trapping. A further conclusion is that the effect of SO2 on the viscous fingering is more significantly than N2 and O2.

This paper deepens the understanding about the effect of the impure CO2 on the solubility trapping, and clarifies the effect of different impurities.
Field Testing of Cryogenic Carbon Capture
Authors: Sayre Aaron , Frankman Dave , Baxter Andrew , Stitt Kyler , Baxter Larry
Published: August 2017

Sustainable Energy Solutions has been developing Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) since 2008. In that time two processes have been developed, the External Cooling Loop and Compressed Flue Gas Cryogenic Carbon Capture processes (CCC ECL™ and CCC CFG™ respectively).

The CCC ECL™ process has been scaled up to a 1TPD CO2 system. In this process the flue gas is cooled by an external refrigerant loop. SES has tested CCC ECL™ on real flue gas slip streams from subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, biomass, natural gas, shredded tires, and municipal waste fuels at field sites that include utility power stations, heating plants, cement kilns, and pilot-scale research reactors. The CO2 concentrations from these tests ranged from 5 to 22% on a dry basis. CO2 capture ranged from 95−99+% during these tests. Several other condensable species were also captured including NO2, SO2 and PMxx at 95+%. NO was also captured at a modest rate.

The CCC CFG™ process has been scaled up to a .25 ton per day system. This system has been tested on real flue gas streams including subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and natural gas at field sites that include utility power stations, heating plants, and pilot-scale research reactors. CO2 concentrations for these tests ranged from 5 to 15% on a dry basis. CO2 capture ranged from 95−99+% during these tests. Several other condensable species were also captured including NO2, SO2 and PMxx at 95+%. NO was also captured at 90+%. Hg capture was also verified and the resulting effluent from CCC CFG™ was below a 1ppt concentration.

This paper will focus on discussion of the capabilities of CCC, the results of field testing and the future steps surrounding the development of this technology.

Cryogenic Carbon Capture (CCC)

Since 2008 Sustainable Energy Solutions has developed a process called Cryogenic Carbon Capture (CCC). The CCC process is a true bolt-on technology that can easily be retrofit on virtually any stationary emission source without modification to the boiler, turbine, or steam piping.
« Leur façon de punir, c’est avec l’horaire ! » : Pratiques informelles de conciliation travail-famille au sein de commerces d’alimentation au Québec
Authors: Lefrançois Mélanie , Saint-Charles Johanne , Fortin Sylvie , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine
Published: August 2017

L’influence positive du soutien organisationnel par le biais d’attitudes et de pratiques favorables à la conciliation travail-famille (CTF) est largement reconnue. En revanche, peu d’études ont porté un regard spécifique sur les dynamiques entourant ces pratiques au sein de milieux où une organisation inflexible du temps de travail complique la manifestation de soutien à l’égard de la CTF, tout en créant des défis de conciliation importants. Réalisée en partenariat avec des syndicats québécois, cette étude s’intéresse aux pratiques informelles de CTF au sein de commerces d’alimentation québécois, un secteur d’emploi faiblement rémunéré où les horaires sont imposés, étendus, imprévisibles et variables.

L’analyse thématique d’un corpus de trente entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de travailleuses syndiquées, de gestionnaires, de représentantes et de représentants syndicaux montre que, en dépit de règles liées à la convention collective, le mode d’établissement des horaires, en apparence neutre, témoigne de l’importance du caractère informel des pratiques de CTF. Ces dernières sont souvent individuelles, voire secrètes, et elles sont perçues comme le fruit d’un traitement privilégié accordé à certaines personnes. Compte tenu de l’accès restreint aux possibilités d’accommodements, ces pratiques peuvent entraîner une dynamique de « chacun pour soi », ce qui affecte la qualité des rapports entre collègues. Certaines mères de famille étaient particulièrement désavantagées par les normes de flexibilité valorisées dans leur milieu de travail. Enfin, des pratiques informelles sont acceptées au sein du collectif si elles sont transparentes et en autant que les gains des uns n’engendrent pas d’injustice perçue pour les autres.

L’étude amène un éclairage sur l’impact collectif des pratiques informelles de CTF en contexte d’horaires atypiques, imprévisibles et variables. Elle montre la nécessité, pour les entreprises ainsi que pour les syndicats actifs dans ces milieux, de créer des conditions favorables au développement de relations interpersonnelles saines et équitables, ainsi que des pratiques qui valorisent l’expression des enjeux de CTF.
Isis et Sérapis : pour ou contre Rome. Le conflit littéraire
Authors: Briaud Stéphanie
Published: August 2017

Dans cet article, j’aimerais démontrer comment des discours gréco-romains peuvent être élevés en armes au sein d’une société multiethnique particulière et empreinte de nombreux conflits religieux liés à des oppositions politiques récentes : la société de l’Empire romain du Ier siècle av. J.-C. au IVe siècle ap. J.-C. Il s’agit d’abord de présenter les débuts d’une bataille littéraire particulière, soit celle engageant les auteurs contre les cultes isiaques—branche du paganisme venant d’Égypte—en particulier lorsque l’Empire romain se développe suite à la victoire d’Octave sur Marc-Antoine et une certaine Cléopâtre… Il s’agit ensuite de démontrer l’évolution des attaques littéraires qu’ont subies les divinités isiaques, qui est parallèle à celle du statut officiel de l’isiasme et de la religion à Rome face à l’avancée du christianisme. Enfin, nous conclurons sur une (rare) réponse de la communauté isiaque du IVe siècle.
Apartheid en territoire autochtone : l’émergence de lois racistes chez les Cherokees au XIXe siècle
Authors: Laramée François Dominic
Published: August 2017

Au tournant du XVIIIe siècle, les institutions politiques et sociales des Cherokees sont perturbées par une série de catastrophes militaires, économiques et démographiques. Une minorité inter-mariée avec les Blancs en profite pour instaurer une économie de plantations esclavagistes et une nouvelle forme de gouvernement qui la protège, notamment en dépouillant les descendants d’Africains des droits dont ils disposaient au sein de la nation. Cet article décrit le statut des Cherokees de descendance africaine au XVIIIe siècle, la prise de pouvoir par la nouvelle élite de planteurs, et le développement de lois discriminatoires qui en résulte.