bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inquiétante étrangeté dans la clinique de l’adulte atteint de Covid-19, une pratique inattendue en pédiatrie
Authors: Chauvin Élise , Josset-Raffet Éliane , Menrath Sabrina
Published: March 2021

Pour faire face à la crise sanitaire, notre hôpital pédiatrique a ouvert pendant quelques semaines deux unités pour adultes atteints de Covid-19 : vingt lits de réanimation et douze lits de soins intensifs. Les trois psychologues du pôle de chirurgie ont été mobilisées pour soutenir l’équipe et les patients de l’unité de soins intensifs. Nous avons eu peu de temps pour réfléchir ensemble à la construction de ce travail inédit. Ce que nous pouvions proposer était sans cesse à réévaluer et à adapter à mesure de la découverte de cette unité qui se construisait. Bien qu’étant habituées à travailler en trinôme pour nos absences et congés, nous avons dû organiser un travail conjoint auprès des mêmes patients et de leur famille. Nous présenterons les effets cliniques du cadre de travail particulier dans lequel nous sommes intervenues. La question de l’inquiétante étrangeté a été au cœur de notre pratique, se déclinant, tant pour les patients que pour les professionnels, de la bascule dans le sentiment de désaide et de la menace invisible et planante au sentiment de sécurité dans le cadre familier de cette unité maternante.
Le tableau de bord prospectif, levier de changement managérial dans un EPLE dans le cadre d’une recherche intervention
Authors: El Bahri Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Cet article se concentre sur les résultats d’une recherche recherche- intervention qui vise à contribuer au changement managérial de l’EPLE par l’adaptation et la diffusion d’un outil de gestion (tableau de bord). La production de connaissances est principalement issue d’une analyse de nos différentes expériences en tant que chef d’établissement. Notre thème de recherche soulève précisément la question de l’adaptation et la diffusion d’outils de gestion pour accompagner le processus de création du projet d’établissement et, en général, pour aider à la diffusion des innovations managériales dans les écoles d’enseignement secondaire en France. Le modèle de management que nous avons construit nous place dans une logique de pilotage par la confiance de l’EPLE.
Des critères de communion à la lumière d’ Amoris laetitia
Authors: Burgun Cédric
Published: March 2021

Le débat sur l’accès à la communion eucharistique pour les couples « irréguliers » s’est trouvé relancé avec le chapitre 8 d’ Amoris laetitia . La question est finalement de déterminer des critères concrets de discernement pour ouvrir à la communion. L’article propose 5 critères objectifs et subjectifs, qui s’appuient sur la médiation ecclésiale et la conviction que le mariage est une authentique histoire de salut.
Évangélisation et promotion humaine. La conversion pastorale selon le pape François
Authors: Migliore Celestino
Published: March 2021

À l’occasion d’une rencontre avec le clergé de Rennes, Mgr Celestino Migliore, Nonce Apostolique en France, esquisse la vision de l’Église du pape François dans le changement d’époque que nous vivons. Les défis de notre temps sont d’ordre anthropologique, sociétaux, environnementaux, mais aussi ecclésiaux. Ils imposent une conversion pastorale où il s’agit de conjuguer évangélisation et promotion humaine mais aussi de mieux comprendre l’exigence de la synodalité intra-ecclésiale.
Lectorat et acolytat pour les femmes. Transformer une évidence en opportunité pour le renouveau de l’Église
Authors: Join-Lambert Arnaud , Haquin André
Published: March 2021

Par le motu proprio Spiritus Domini du 20 jan. 2021, le pape François a supprimé la clause de réservation aux hommes des ministères institués du lectorat et de l’acolytat. Pour comprendre cette décision attendue depuis plusieurs années, les A. présentent la réforme des ordres mineurs dans les années 1960 vers la création de ministères laïcs. Ils détaillent ensuite l’opportunité offerte par cette décision du pape, pour renouveler et déployer le service de la Parole de Dieu dans bien des actions au-delà de la célébration dominicale. De même une institution rituelle au service de l’eucharistie de quelques hommes et femmes pourrait enrichir la prière des communautés et des groupes. La pandémie de la Covid-19 a manifesté le manque de prise de responsabilité par les laïcs dans le domaine de la vie spirituelle de proximité. Les ministères d’acolyte, lecteur et lectrice pourraient ainsi contribuer à un renouveau ecclésial local.
Aux frontières du réel. Considérations analytiques sur (une) Planète
Authors: Gai Frédéric
Published: March 2021

Lancée en 1961 après le succès inattendu du Matin des magiciens , la revue Planète trouve rapidement son lectorat et, en une dizaine d’années, cumule plus de deux millions d’exemplaires vendus. Hormis son format original carré et sa tenue typographique, peu de choses semblent rester de ce phénomène éditorial, qui donne naissance à un des meilleurs représentants de la contre-culture française des années 60 : le réalisme fantastique. Au-delà de l’émergence d’un discours centré sur les sciences et les littératures alternatives, il convient de prendre en compte l’élaboration d’un marché à part entière, fondé sur des innovations éditoriales et une approche résolument médiatique. Les figures singulières et parfois contestées de Jacques Bergier et Louis Pauwels, mais aussi de quelques autres personnalités influentes, remettent en perspective l’origine d’un discours que nous pourrions qualifier de « complotiste », mais à la complexité qui va au-delà des cadres définitoires : à la frontière du réel que Planète souhaitait interroger.
La revue du nu, reflet de la France fin-de-siècle
Authors: Lecaplain Manon
Published: March 2021

À l’aube du xx e  siècle, les revues du nu, catalogues de modèles photographiques, vendues sous pli fermé, fleurissent. Elles se veulent « à destination des artistes », ce qui en trahit l’ambiguïté. Revues de charme ou documents artistiques ? Leurs détracteurs les font poursuivre pour outrage aux bonnes mœurs. Pourtant, ces objets furent précieux pour les artistes : Picasso, Rodin, Maillol… Matisse et Fantin-Latour y puiseront un « monde de sensations ». Même leur présence à l’École des Beaux-Arts ne suffit pas à les sauver, et l’acharnement des ligues de vertu aura raison d’eux, à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Sans légitimité artistique, ce sont des objets indignes d’étude. Textes et images construisent un discours genré, à destination d’un lecteur masculin : la femme y est un « sexe », une « race », une « pathologie ». Elle est Autre. Pourtant, miroirs des mentalités de leur temps, à la croisée des histoires de la photographie, de l’art, de la presse, des mentalités et du droit, les revues du nu révèlent des aspects de la société dont elles sont issues.
Familles interdites à l’île Bourbon/La Réunion au temps de l’esclavage (1665-1848)
Authors: Noël Sabine
Published: March 2021

«  Deffense aux François d’épouser des négresses, cela dégoûterait du service, et deffense aux noirs d’épouser des blanches, c’est une confusion à éviter . » L’article XX de l’ordonnance de Jacob Blanquet de La Haye, vice-roi, amiral et lieutenant pour le Roy dans tous les pays des Indes, pose clairement l’interdiction de l’intermariage à l’île Bourbon en 1674. Cette législation, ignorée dans les débuts du peuplement de la colonie, se voit renforcée par la suite lors du passage d’une société de subsistance à une société esclavagiste. Pourtant, certains sont déterminés à «  faire famille  » et à déjouer les obstacles juridiques et sociaux mis en place contre ces unions interdites. C’est-à-dire rendre possible la transmission d’un héritage symbolique (patronyme, adoption, éducation) et d’un héritage matériel (biens, dots, testaments). Après un rappel de la législation, ce propos est illustré au travers des détours adoptés par une famille pendant toute la durée de leur vie commune.
Les sources de la traite négrière rochelaise
Authors: Pairault Louis-Gilles
Published: March 2021

Le port français de La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime) a été le deuxième port négrier de France, et sa part dans le trafic de la traite négrière est significative. Les archives départementales de la Charente-Maritime conservent donc de nombreuses sources de premier intérêt sur la traite négrière. Ces archives, quoique très riches, sont d’une certaine froideur, car elles reflètent la nature des expéditions qui sont essentiellement des opérations commerciales, financières, administratives et maritimes, dont les esclaves eux-mêmes sont presque absents.
Procès et luttes pour la liberté : le cas singulier de Furcy
Authors: Boutier Jérémy
Published: March 2021

Furcy, l’esclave qui a osé assigner son maître en justice en l’accusant de le retenir illégalement en esclavage, aura mis presque trente ans pour faire reconnaître ses droits. En se basant notamment sur le principe que «  Nul n’est esclave en France  », il est déclaré né libre, en état d’ingénuité en 1843. Furcy aura dû se constituer un solide réseau pour l’aider à triompher devant la justice. Son combat montre la difficulté à traiter une même question selon les circonstances, les époques, les incertitudes quant au droit applicable, et les contradictions toujours grandes entre les idées humanistes des uns et les intérêts politico-économiques des autres, en plein débat sur l’abolition de l’esclavage.
Droit naturel et culture catholique dans la conscience du juge face à l’esclavage colonial
Authors: Charlin Frédéric
Published: March 2021

L’histoire du droit et de la justice en France est porteuse d’une tradition de liberté associée à l’humanisme chrétien, qui a intégré et forgé la conscience des juristes modernes amenant à rejeter la réduction en esclavage d’un chrétien sur le sol du royaume. La coutume subit déjà une atteinte à travers la légalisation symbolique de l’esclavage colonial par l’édit de mars 1685 appelé Code Noir. La liberté de droit naturel est autant culturelle que juridique, car indissociable d’un catholicisme pensé comme libérateur. Cette culture juridique et politique traditionnelle, qui n’est plus en phase avec les institutions succédant à la Révolution et à l’Empire, imprègne encore vivement la conscience profonde des hauts magistrats au xix e siècle. Sous la monarchie de Juillet, la Cour de cassation tend à améliorer la condition juridique des esclaves et des affranchis. Cette période complexe se prête à une réflexion historique sur le rôle de la « mémoire », entendue au sens large, de la conscience des magistrats, forgée dans une culture romaine et chrétienne.
Les Révolutionnaires face à l’esclavage
Authors: Gainot Bernard
Published: March 2021

Les interprétations de l’abolition de l’esclavage par la Convention nationale sont très souvent surdéterminées, particulièrement au cours de ces dernières décennies, par des partis pris idéologiques qui en faussent le sens. Les représentants de la Nation sont marqués, en 1789, par la culture des Lumières, dont ils reproduisent les contradictions. La traduction en est, dans un premier temps, une rhétorique ambigüe qui masque la violence des conflits dans les sociétés coloniales. Le décret de la Convention du 16 pluviôse an II met un terme à cet art de l’esquive. Le Directoire définit les mesures d’application de ce décret d’abolition. Les opposants à ces mesures n’en préparent pas moins souterrainement une restauration de l’ordre esclavagiste, qui se réalise pendant le Consulat de Bonaparte.
Esclavage et universalité des idées des Lumières à Saint-Domingue à la fin du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Calixte Fritz
Published: March 2021

La question de l’universelle nature de l’Homme est affirmée par l’article 1 er de la Déclaration des droits de l’Homme. Mais la proclamation solennelle, «  Les hommes naissent et demeurent libres et égaux  », de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme et du citoyen devrait être précédée du quantificateur universel «  tous  ». C’est pour tous les hommes que l’enseignement des Lumières a pris corps dans la révolution d’Haïti. Ce sont les esclaves haïtiens qui ont transformé un principe en praxis et ont tenté d’atteindre l’universel annoncé par les Lumières.
« Les enfants de la Creuse » : derrière les mots et les maux, des enjeux de mémoire et d’histoire nationaux
Authors: Gauvin Gilles
Published: March 2021

Entre 1962 et 1984, quelque 2 015 mineurs de La Réunion relevant de l’aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE) ont été transplantés en France hexagonale, dans le cadre de la politique de migration mise en œuvre par le Bureau pour le développement des migrations intéressant les départements d’outre-mer (BUMIDOM). Il s’agissait de répondre au sous-développement, à la misère et à l’explosion démographique que connaissait La Réunion. Ces mineurs ont été transplantés dans 83 départements de l’Hexagone. Cet article montre en quoi ce flux migratoire singulier est directement lié aux représentations des édiles insulaires et nationaux sur les liens entre croissance démographique et développement, avant de préciser les principales conclusions de cette histoire desdits «  enfants de la Creuse  ».
Nathalie Palladitcheff : l’immobilier de demain
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: March 2021

Invitée à se joindre à l’équipe d’Ivanhoé Cambridge en 2015, Nathalie Palladitcheff a quitté la France, où elle menait déjà une brillante carrière. Nommée aux commandes de la filiale immobilière de la Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec en 2018, cette femme de réflexion et d’action a une compréhension du monde qui lui permet d’envisager un avenir durable pour le secteur immobilier.
L’intelligence esthétique : comment séduire les gens par leurs cinq sens
Authors: Letarte Martine
Published: March 2021

Appliquée aux entreprises et aux marques, l’intelligence esthétique a plusieurs dimensions : l’architecture d’un commerce, le contact avec le personnel, l’odeur et l’emballage des produits, etc. Il faut susciter une expérience sensorielle distinctive chez le client : c’est elle qui lui donnera envie de consommer.
Formuler une stratégie, le principal facteur de succès
Authors: Hadaya Pierre , Gagnon Bernard
Published: March 2021

Plusieurs dirigeants croient à tort que formuler une stratégie est un exercice long, coûteux et futile dans le monde instable actuel. Persuadés qu’il est illusoire d’investir dans une telle démarche, ils en concluent que leur seule planche de salut consiste à réagir rapidement à toutes les occasions qui se présentent sur le marché. Ils mettent ainsi de coté une activité essentielle au succès de leur organisation.
Santé : les technologies changent la donne
Authors: Paré Guy , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: March 2021

Le domaine de la santé n’échappe pas aux bouleversements provoqués par le déploiement des technologies numériques. Cet écosystème est littéralement en train de révolutionner ses façons de faire. Et on n’a encore rien vu !
Où doit-on tracer les frontières de l’imputabilité ?
Authors: Castets-Renard Céline , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: March 2021

L’intelligence artificielle est sur toutes les lèvres. Sa présence croissante dans les organisations suscite une réflexion sur la notion légale de responsabilité. Sur quoi baser l’imputabilité lorsque la machine prend des décisions à la place de l’être humain ?
Comment réduire le stress numérique des employés ?
Authors: Truchon Manon , McArthur Jamie , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: March 2021

Aujourd’hui, il nous serait bien difficile d’imaginer nos vies sans les technologies. À la maison comme au travail, elles sont devenues indispensables. Il y a toutefois un prix à payer : le stress numérique, qui croît lui aussi à un rythme alarmant.
On a lu pour vous – Animer à distance
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: March 2021

Dans un contexte où le télétravail prend de plus en plus d’importance, comment peut-on animer une équipe ? Que faire pour mobiliser les troupes et pour préserver l’esprit de groupe ? Coécrit à distance par 27 praticiens de l’animation, ce guide fournit des solutions éprouvées en entreprise.
Modelling and predicting the spread of COVID-19 cases depending on restriction policy based on mined recommendation rules
Authors: Yakovyna Vitaliy , Shakhovska Natalya
Published: March 2021

This paper is an extended and supplemented version of the paper "Recommendation Rules Mining for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19 Cases", presented by the authors at the 3rd International Conference on Informatics & Data-Driven Medicine in November 2020. The paper examines the impact of government restrictive measures on the spread and effects of COVID-19. The work is devoted to the improvement of recommendation rules based on novel ensemble of machine learning methods such as regression tree and clustering. The dynamics of migration between countries in clusters, and their relationship with the number of confirmed cases and the percentage of deaths caused by COVID-19, were studied on the example of Poland, Italy and Germany. It is shown that there is a clear relationship between the cluster number and the number of new cases of diseases and death. It has also been shown that different countries' policies to prevent the disease, in particular the timing of restrictive measures, correlate with the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 and the consequences of the disease. For example, the results show a clear proactive tactic of restrictive measures by example of Germany, and catching up on the spread of the disease by example of Italy. A regression tree and guidelines about influence of features on the spreading of COVID-19 and mortality due to this infection have been constructed. The paper predicts the number of deaths due to COVID-19 on a 21-day interval using the obtained guidelines on the example of Sweden. Such forecasting was carried out for two potential government action options: with existing precautionary actions and the same precautionary actions, if they had been taken 20 days earlier (following the example of Germany). The RMSE of the mortality forecast does not exceed 4.2, which shows a good prognostic ability of the developed model. At the same time, the simulation based on the strategy of anticipatory introduction of restrictions gives 2–6% lower values of the forecast of the number of new cases. Thus, the results of this study provide an opportunity to assess the impact of decisions about restrictive measures and predict, simulate the consequences of restrictions policy.
Frauds in Business Organizations
Authors: Nakitende Marie G. , Rafay Abdul , Waseem Maimoona
Published: March 2021

Fraud has been evolving and increasing with the change in the work environment, organizational structures, industrialization, and legislation. Money, greed, manipulation, job pressures, family needs, opportunity, politics, rationalization are the crucial reasons that lead people to behave fraudulently. The purpose of the chapter is to discuss a brief overview of theories of fraud. It presents causes that inspire individuals to commit fraud, methods for identifying fraud, and motives that encourage people to commit fraud. Management must try to eliminate the vulnerabilities that offer criminals the chance to commit fraud. Organizational leaders must be diligent, implement a robust anti-fraud strategy, and discourage all improper practices. Employee performance can also be strengthened through realistic anti-fraud preparation, and conformity with legal and regulatory obligations. Thus, fostering an ethical corporate culture is essential for fraud prevention.
Powerlessness as the Basis for Financial Crimes
Authors: Oke Tayo
Published: March 2021

Scholarly analysis of financial crime, its modus operandi, and the characters involved have almost exclusively been focused on the activities of the elite and the powerful for decades. Recommendations on how to minimise its debilitating impact have always, also, been focused on the elite, the powerful, and the state institutions they control. Corruption and financial crime are the pastime of people at the top only. This overview contends that perpetration of financial crime by the powerless can be just as corrosive and harmful as that perpetrated by the powerful. The quality of criminality and its pervasiveness is as relevant as its quantum and location. Exclusive focus on the higher echelons of financial crime subsumes its roots and significance within society, thereby leading to the lop-sidedness of proposed remedies. This chapter seeks to establish the nexus between low- and high-level financial crime as a way of providing a more holistic view of the depth of its effect, especially in less sophisticated economic environments.
Legislation for Public Procurements and Disposal of Public Assets
Authors: Wanyama Simeon
Published: March 2021

This chapter is about corrupt practices in the public procurement cycle. Taking the example of Uganda, it identifies what takes place at each of the stages of public procurement and examines the perspectives of stakeholders regarding alleged corruption, misappropriation, and fraudulent practices during the public procurement process. It also reviews the governance systems that have been put in place to try and stem out these malpractices and ensure proper governance in the administration of public procurement. The research followed a qualitative approach aimed at getting the views of stakeholders and understanding whether what is in place is adhering to the principles of public procurement which foster good governance and value for money. The findings of the study indicate that the perception of the majority of the respondents is that corruption is pervasive in public procurement in Uganda despite good laws, regulations, and guidelines that have been put in place and that it manifests itself at all the stages of public procurement.
Financial Scams Through Ponzi Schemes
Authors: Asadov Alam I.
Published: March 2021

This chapter investigates the relationship between financial literacy, financial sector development, and Ponzi schemes in the commonwealth of independent states (CIS) countries. It begins with an overview of the early cases of Ponzi schemes in the CIS countries by examining circumstances which formed fertile ground for the schemes to develop during initial years of independence. The study then scrutinised the situation in the member states during the later years which revealed no improvements. A closer examination of the problem discovered that the main triggers are low level of financial literacy and scarce investment alternatives. The chapter suggests that unless the level of financial literacy is raised and the financial sector is developed, Ponzi schemes will continue to thrive in the region. It concludes by providing some policy recommendations to enhance financial literacy and financial sector development, as well as necessary steps to improve financial regulations.
Frauds in Unorganized Investment Schemes
Authors: Bohra Narendra S. , Sethi Mahak
Published: March 2021

Innumerable unorganized collective investment schemes' fraud cases have surfaced over time in India. However, there exists minimal descriptive literary text divulging these scams and frauds, which have drowned away the hard-earned money of millions of people. This chapter has been contributory in identifying the working models, administration, and organization of unorganized collective investment schemes (UCIS), where UCIS frauds remain the keystone of groundwork concerning the cases that have transpired over the last decade in India. The chapter aims to interpret the UCIS working models concerning UCIS fraud cases in India by exploring the various models of frauds adopted by UCIS organizers.
Group Differences of Teaching Presence, Social Presence, and Cognitive Presence in a xMOOC-Based Blended Course
Authors: Bai Xuemei , Gu Xiaoqing
Published: March 2021

MOOC participants from different disciplines are becoming increasingly common. This study aims to identify whether students from different genders, online learning experiences, and academic backgrounds in the same course have differences in perception of teaching, social, and cognitive presence. A survey was conducted to investigate the level of these presences that learners perceived in an xMOOC-based blended course using CoI instrument. Results show no significant differences of perceived presences among different genders and online learning experiences. However, significant group differences were observed in perception of social and cognitive presence among students from different academic backgrounds, but no significant group difference was found in teaching presence. The level of cognitive presence perceived by art students in triggering event and resolution stage is lower than that of humanities and science students. The level of social presence perceived by art students on the three subcategories of social presence is lower than that of humanities and science students.
The Regulatory Subunit PPP2R2A of PP2A Enhances Th1 and Th17 Differentiation through Activation of the GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Pan Wenliang , Nagpal Kamalpreet , Suárez-Fueyo Abel , Ferretti Andrew , Yoshida Nobuya , Tsokos Maria G. , Tsokos George C.
Published: March 2021

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) composed of a scaffold subunit, a catalytic subunit, and multiple regulatory subunits is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase. We have previously shown that the PP2A catalytic subunit is increased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and promotes IL-17 production by enhancing the activity of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in T cells. However, the molecular mechanism whereby PP2A regulates ROCK activity is unknown. In this study, we show that the PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2A is increased in T cells from people with systemic lupus erythematosus and binds to, dephosphorylates, and activates the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 at Ser885, which in turn increases the levels of RhoA-GTP and the activity of ROCK in T cells. Genetic PPP2R2A deficiency in murine T cells reduced Th1 and Th17, but not regulatory T cell differentiation and mice with T cell–specific PPP2R2A deficiency displayed less autoimmunity when immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide. Our studies indicate that PPP2R2A is the regulatory subunit that dictates the PP2A-directed enhanced Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and therefore, it represents a therapeutic target for pathologies linked to Th1 and Th17 cell expansion.
Novel Potent IFN-γ–Inducing CD8+ T Cell Epitopes Conserved among Diverse Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains
Authors: Sangewar Neha , Waghela Suryakant D. , Yao Jianxiu , Sang Huldah , Bray Jocelyn , Mwangi Waithaka
Published: March 2021

Studies of immune responses elicited by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines have primarily focused on the characterization of neutralizing B cell and CD4+ T cell epitopes. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for decades, BVDV prevalence in cattle has remained largely unaffected. There is limited knowledge regarding the role of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells in immune protection, and indirect evidence suggests that they play a crucial role during BVDV infection. In this study, the presence of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells that are highly cross-reactive in cattle was demonstrated. Most importantly, novel potent IFN-γ–inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from different regions of BVDV polyprotein. Eight CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from the following structural BVDV Ags: Erns, E1, and E2 glycoproteins. In addition, from nonstructural BVDV Ags Npro, NS2-3, NS4A-B, and NS5A-B, 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified. The majority of these IFN-γ–inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were found to be highly conserved among more than 200 strains from BVDV-1 and -2 genotypes. These conserved epitopes were also validated as cross-reactive because they induced high recall IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell responses ex vivo in purified bovine CD8+ T cells isolated from BVDV-1– and -2–immunized cattle. Altogether, 28 bovine MHC class I–binding epitopes were identified from key BVDV Ags that can elicit broadly reactive CD8+ T cells against diverse BVDV strains. The data presented in this study will lay the groundwork for the development of a contemporary CD8+ T cell–based BVDV vaccine capable of addressing BVDV heterogeneity more effectively than current vaccines.
The impact of COVID-19 first wave on long term care facilities of an Italian Province: an historical reference
Authors: Tramarin Andrea , Gennaro Nicola , Dal Grande Giancarlo , Bragagnolo Luciana , Carta Maria Rosa , Giavarina Davide , Pascarella Michela , Rassu Mario , Matteazzi Antonio , Stopazzolo Giampaolo
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will leave a profound imprint in the collective memory of humanity. In Italy, Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) have seen a disproportionally high number of deaths during and the COVID-19 pandemic and, certainly, they may be considered as its epicenter. Aiming to leave a symbolic mark of what the pandemic did in these care settings, we report on an outbreak in a single LTCF where, 53 out of 64 residents, resulted infected. Our narration is based on an epidemiological field investigation together with a calendar of passages through the stages of disease in the infected population. We found an age-gradient in all clinical and epidemiological variables explored such as symptoms onset, illness severity, recovery from symptoms and deaths. According to the disease staging, 26 (49%) were asymptomatic; 9 (17%) had a mild disease; 7 (13%) a moderate stage and 11 (21%) a severe illness severity of whom 10 died. For a more comprehensive description of the impact of the pandemic on LTCFs, we compared the standard mortality ratio (SMR) in the first six months of 2020 to that of 2018 and 2019 in all the 34 facilities of the Vicenza province. Overall, there was a SMR higher 60% than the equivalent period of the previous years.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders, lifestyle habits, and smartphone addiction in adolescents
Authors: Cinquetti Mauro , Biasin Marco , Ventimiglia Marco , Balanzoni Linda , Signorelli Denise , Pietrobelli Angelo
Published: March 2021

We performed a cross-sectional study. In spring 2019, 1,594 students (mean age 12.87 years) completed a questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms, smartphone use, Quality of Life (QoL), dietary habits, and physical activity. Based on the Rome IV criteria, 30.9% of participants met the symptom-based criteria for FGIDs and 8.9% experienced ≥2 disorders simultaneously. Well-being was less frequently reported by children with FGIDs than others (29.0% vs. 48.2%; p < 0.001). Participants addicted to smartphones reported low than others well-being (18.0% vs. 25.8%; p < 0.001), they also showed higher prevalence of FGIDs [Odds Ratio (OR), 1.98; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.47–2.68; p < 0.001]. Among dietary habits, skipping breakfast (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.09–2.05; p = 0.01) and low fruit consumption (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.172.36; p = 0.005) were more frequent in participants with FGIDs. FGIDs are common in pediatric populations. FGIDs have an impact on QoL. Some dietary habits and physical activity are associated with these disorders. Smartphone addiction was found to be associated with FGIDs.
Efficacy and safety of Ziv-aflibercept in patients with central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Nawar Amin E. , Shafik Heba M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common vascular disorders that can cause visual loss. It is classified into central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion. The most common cause of visual loss in CRVO is cystoid macular edema. Intravitreal injection of many antivascular endothelial growth factor agents can treat cystoid macular edema that occur owing to CRVO.

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new drug (Ziv-aflibercept) in the management of patients with CRVO.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective interventional study that was conducted on 15 eyes of 15 patients of recently diagnosed nonischemic CRVO of less than 2-month duration. Three loading doses of 1.25 mg of Ziv-aflibercept were given 1 month apart for each patient and then continued as needed in a pro re nata regimen. Complete ophthalmic evaluation was done at the Ophthalmology Department of Tanta University, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus examination, intraocular pressure measurement, and anterior segment examination. Optical coherence tomography (TOPCON 3D optical coherence tomography machine) was done for all patients at presentation and 1 month after each injection and then monthly during the follow-up period, which persisted for 6 months.

Results

The intraocular pressure did not show a statistically significant increase after intravitreal injection of Ziv-aflibercept. The BCVA improved significantly from 0.87±0.10 to 0.32±0.12 LogMAR after injection (P=0.001). The central macular thickness decreased significantly from a baseline value of 771±141.87 μm before injection to 306.67±91.51 μm after the three loading doses and to 208.07±12.97 μm after 6 months (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between the final BCVA and the final central macular thickness after 6 months (r=0.054, P=0.848). No serious complications were reported, such as endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or stroke.

Conclusion

Ziv-aflibercept is a highly effective drug in cases of nonischemic CRVO with a high safety profile and a relatively low cost.
Wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy combined with prophylactic corneal collagen cross-linking in myopic patients with borderline corneal tomography
Authors: Abozaid Mortada A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy, and predictability of wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy with simultaneous half-fluence accelerated collagen cross-linking (WFG-PRK Xtra) in myopic eyes with suspicious or borderline corneal tomography.

Patients and methods

A total of 67 eyes of 40 patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism (sphere <−5.0 D and cylinder <−3.0 D), with abnormal corneal tomography not amounting to forme fruste keratoconus, were included in this retrospective comparative study. Eyes were divided into two groups: 37 eyes (group 1) had WFG-PRK Xtra, whereas 30 eyes (group 2) had conventional PRK with accelerated collagen cross-linking (PRK Xtra). All cases completed at least 1 year of follow-up.

Results

In group 1 (WFG-PRK Xtra), the mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 0.96±0.3 to 0.05±0.06 (logMAR) and the mean spherical equivalent decreased from −5.22±2.03 to −0.14±0.32 D. The spherical aberration showed statistically significant increase from 0.05 μm preoperatively to 0.09 μm postoperatively. Three patients developed significant haze and two patients showed overcorrection. However, in group 2 (conventional PRK Xtra), the mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 0.97±0.35 to 0.04±0.05 (logMAR) and the mean spherical equivalent decreased from −4.98±1.88 to −0.15±0.29 D, whereas the spherical aberration increased from 0.04 to 0.05 μm. Two patients developed significant haze and one patient showed regression. No cases of postoperative ectasia were detected in either group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that both WFG and conventional PRK with simultaneous half-fluence corneal collagen cross-linking were safe, effective, and predictable in refractive candidates with abnormal or borderline corneal tomography.
Optical coherence tomography angiography features in diabetic patients with unexplained visual loss
Authors: Ebeid Weam M. , Salman Abd Al Rahman G. , Abdallah Ibrahiem Enas I. , Abozeid Noureldin H.
Published: March 2021

Background

Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) has a known effect on visual loss in diabetics. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows identification of the vascular abnormalities of diabetic maculopathy.

Aim

This study aimed to detect the quantitative and qualitative OCTA features of foveal and macular areas in diabetic patients with unexplained visual loss.

Settings and design

This was a cross-sectional study.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled 15 diabetic patients with unexplained visual loss. They underwent comprehensive ophthalmological assessment, including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) converted to LogMAR for statistical analysis and macular OCTA imaging (AngioVue OCTA). Quantitative data analyzed were foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, and acircularity index (AI). Vessel density (VD) parameters included full-retinal VD in a 300-µm circle around the FAZ (FD-300) plus foveal and parafoveal VD in superficial and deep capillary plexuses.

Results

A positive significant correlation was found between LogMAR BCVA and FAZ area (r=0.701, P=0.004), FAZ perimeter (r=0.732, P=0.002), and AI (r=0.540, P=0.038). However, there was no significant correlation between BCVA and either FD-300 (P=0.144), or superficial and deep parafoveal VD (P=0.187 and 0.764, respectively), or superficial and deep foveal VD (P=0.34 and 0.187, respectively). In addition, DMI grade showed a significant positive correlation with LogMAR BCVA (P=0.011).

Conclusion

FAZ parameters (perimeter, area, and AI) measured by OCTA macula can precisely depict DMI in diabetic patients with unexplained visual loss and are closely correlated to BCVA. It is recommended to perform OCTA macula for those patients before making treatment decisions.
Analysis of I-Trace high-order aberrations induced by wavefront-optimized ablation profiles
Authors: Mossallam Ehab F.
Published: March 2021

Aim

This work aimed to analyze the ocular aberrations induced by wavefront-optimized (WFO) ablation profiles using I-Trace aberrometer (ray tracing).

Settings and design

This is a prospective noncomparative nonrandomized clinical study that was carried out at Rooya Eye Center, Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods

The study included 20 eyes of 10 cases that underwent laser in situ keratomileusis with WFO ablation profile. Cases were followed up at 1 and 3 months after surgery to analyze the ocular aberrations done using I-Trace Visual Functional Analyzer (ray tracing technology).

Results

The mean preoperative total high-order aberration was changed from 0.33±0.2 to 0.38±0.21 after 1 month (P=0.107) and became 0.35±0.15 at 3 months (P=0.265), which was statistically insignificant, with an increase of 6.074%. The mean preoperative coma was 0.27±0.17 and changed to 0.29±0.2 after 1 month (P=0.345) and became 0.32±0.22 at 3 months (P=0.107), which was statistically insignificant, with an increase of 17.6%. The mean increase in spherical aberrations was from 0.086±0.06 preoperatively to 0.18±0.15 after 1 month (P=0.018) and to 0.19±0.24 at 3 months (P=0.036), which was statistically significant, with an increase of 119.4%. The secondary astigmatism mean preoperative value was 0.06095±0.0439 and increased to 0.0787±0.0535 after 1 month (P=0.103) and became 0.1059±0.0592 at 3 months (P=0.098), which was statistically insignificant, with an increase of 73.7%. The trefoil preoperative mean was 0.18±0.13 and changed to 0.16±0.09 after 1 month (P=0.125) and became 0.15±0.07 at 3 months (P=0.251), which was statistically insignificant, with a decrease of −13.7%.

Conclusion

There was no significant total high-order aberrations increase after WFO ablation profile for low to moderate myopia.
Correlation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thickness with glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients
Authors: Mikhail Maria E.A. , Saif Mohamed-Yasser S. , Mohammad Sahar I.
Published: March 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to correlate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients.

Setting and design

This is a comparative case series study that was conducted on 58 eyes of 30 diabetic patients attending the Outpatient Clinics of the Ophthalmology Department, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt, between June and August 2019.

Patients and methods

The 30 cases were divided into two equal groups: uncontrolled diabetic group (group 1), with HbA1c more than or equal to 7%, and controlled group (group 2), with HbA1c less than 7%. Both eyes in each patient were scanned using optical coherence tomography, ‘Optovue.’ Blood samples for HbA1c testing were collected as well.

Results

There was a significant negative correlation between average, superior, inferior, and nasal RNFL quadrant thickness and HbA1c in group 1, which was found with HbA1c level more than 9%. In group 2, there was no statistically significant correlation of HbA1c and all RNFL parameters in both eyes. In addition, in group 1, there was a significant negative correlation of average, superior, and inferior GCC quadrant thickness and a positive correlation of focal loss volume with Hb1Ac level more than 9%. In group 2, the average and inferior GCC thickness showed a positive correlation with HbA1c. Furthermore, focal loss volume and global loss volume were negatively correlated with HbA1c.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant correlation between thinning of most of RNFL and GCC quadrants and uncontrolled HbA1c more than 9%.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose topical atropine for slowing down progression of myopia in children and adolescents
Authors: Alhagaa Ahmed A. , Badawi Nermeen M.
Published: March 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose (0.01%) topical atropine eye drops for slowing down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents.

Patients and methods

A total of 600 eyes of 300 patients aged from 8 to 14 years were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: group A, which included 300 myopic eyes with a spherical equivalent (SE) between −3.00 and −6.00 D that received low-dose (0.01%) topical atropine eye drops once daily for 1 year, and group B as a control group, which consisted of 300 myopic eyes (with SE between −3.00 and −6.00 D) that did not receive the topical atropine eye drops. Posttherapy follow-up for myopia progression was done at 6 months, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 years.

Results

By the end of 3 years, the mean SE was −5.1±1.75 D in group A in comparison with −6.15±3.15 D in group B. The progression of myopia was significantly more in group B than in group A after 1 year of follow-up and continued with statistically significant difference till the end of the follow-up period. No significant changes in topography or pachymetry were reported in the present study. In addition, no complications related to the low-dose topical atropine drops (0.01%) were reported.

Conclusion

The use of low-dose (0.01%) topical atropine eye drops was safe and effective in decreasing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents.
Pandemic and psychological outcomes among health-care practitioners
Authors: Garg Sunny , Chauhan Alka , Sharma Devesh , Singh Sanjeet , Bansal Kirti
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The dramatic spread of SARS-Cov-2 and the following fatalities put the health-care practitioners under high pressure and increased workload. Coping mechanisms adapted by health-care practitioners represent a challenge to their psychological resilience. This type of pandemic produces fearful behavior and increases the risk of adverse psychological responses. The aim was to study the prevalence of psychological outcomes and exploring the associated factors among health-care practitioners amidst COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional, online survey of 588 health-care practitioners who were fighting against the COVID-19. The survey was applied in August, 2020, using a questionnaire that measures depression, anxiety, and stress. Survey included two sections, sociodemographic characteristics and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) scale. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with psychological problems. Pearson's correlation was also used to assess the correlation among the psychological outcomes themselves.

Results:

Out of 588 health-care practitioners, 49.65% had depressive symptoms, 41.15% had anxiety symptoms, and 30.95% were distressed. Around 25%–35% of health-care practitioners had moderate-to-severe symptoms. Mean age was 28.78 years, and mean score of DASS-21 was 31.29 (standard deviation SD = 27.07). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that working as specialists and as frontline workers was significantly associated with different psychological outcomes (anxiety and stress). A statistically significant correlation was found between stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions:

This study revealed that a large number of health-care practitioners were affected severely by psychological morbidities, which required a mental health professional consultation. These negative outcomes were invisible, inconvenient, and frightening in reality. Therefore, recognition of other risk factors and planning of interventions would be beneficial in reducing the damage to psychological well-being of these practitioners.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Clinical knowledge, Practice-based learning and improvement, System-based practice.
Effectiveness of school-based dental health education on knowledge and practices related to emergency management of dental trauma and tooth avulsion
Authors: Srilatha Y. , Shekar Byalakere Rudraiah Chandra , Krupa N C
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Trauma to teeth and jaws are considered major public health problems. The school environment is the most susceptible place for children, to encounter trauma to teeth.

Materials and Methods:

This interventional study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based dental health education (DHE) on knowledge and practices related to emergency management of dental trauma and tooth avulsion among students and teachers of three government and three private schools each selected from two mandals (Mandal is a sub-district which comprises of a cluster of villages and village is the lowest level of administrative sub-division in rural areas of India) of Guntur district. Baseline information was collected from participants using a validated structured questionnaire. DHE on “Dental Trauma and Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion” was offered using audiovisual aids (Flip charts, Slideshow) by a qualified Public Health Dentist. Subsequently, trained science teachers in each school were requested to undertake health education sessions at monthly interval for the next 3 months. Postintervention data were collected 1 week after initial DHE by public health dentist and 1 week after last reinforcement session by the teacher. Mean knowledge and practice scores were compared using independent sample t-test and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance.

Results:

A total of 1180 children (570 males and 602 females, age range: 12–16 years) and 54 teachers (24 males and 30 females, age range: 20–56 years) were included. Mean scores for knowledge and practices increased among students and teachers following intervention with no difference between flipchart and slideshow method.

Conclusion:

Teachers (preferably science teachers) could be effectively used for DHE provided that they receive proper training and continued education on dental trauma.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice.