bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessment of the illegal presence of 1,3‐dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in sports nutrition and dietary supplements using 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Monakhova Yulia B. , Ilse Maren , Hengen Julia , el‐Atma Oliver , Kuballa Thomas , Kohl‐Himmelseher Matthias , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: June 2014

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a stimulant that can be found in pre‐workout sports nutrition and dietary supplements. This practice is illegal because DMAA is not a safe food ingredient but rather an unapproved medicinal compound due to its pharmacological action. In order to determine the DMAA content in such products, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic method was developed and validated (DMAA was quantified as DMAA‐HCl). For quantification, the collective integral from two of the methyl groups of the molecule in the range δ 0.92–0.84 ppm was used. The method was linear over the examined range of 1–21 g/kg (R2 = 0.9937). The recoveries from spiked concentrations (0.1–6 g/kg) ranged between 85% and 105% (96% on average), with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1% for an authentic sample. The detection limit was 0.03 g/kg and the quantification limit was 0.08 g/kg (calculated for 75 mg sample weight). The actual DMAA‐HCl content in the sample was quantified using calibration curves (external standardization) or 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid as single‐point internal standard. The developed NMR methodology was applied for the analysis of 16 products, from which 9 samples were found positive (the DMAA‐HCl concentration varied between 3.1 g/kg and 415 g/kg). The method can be recommended for routine use in food testing, customs or doping control laboratories. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Extreme Ultraviolet Emission Intensity from a Laser‐Produced Plasma Using an Alloy Target
Authors: Kaku Masanori , Matsuura Yuta , Kubodera Shoichi
Published: June 2014

We observed that the emission intensity in the extreme and vacuum ultraviolet spectral regions using a laser‐produced copper–tungsten alloy plasma was 1.3 times higher than when using a pure tungsten plasma. The enhancement of the emission intensity was explained by the difference of the Rosseland mean opacity of each plasma.
Robust Face Detection Using One‐Class Estimation and Real AdaBoost
Authors: Miwa Shotaro , Hirai Takashi , Sumi Kazuhiko
Published: June 2014

We propose a robust face detection algorithm using one‐class estimation and Real AdaBoost. Inspired by the first practical face detection algorithm by Viola and Jones, many varieties of face detection algorithms have been proposed. The common feature of their algorithm is a cascaded structure of combined Haar‐like features trained by a boosting algorithm. Of course this framework has achieved a successful result of high detection rate and low false positive rate in a short time and has been applied to many imaging products. But because the nonface class includes multiple subclasses and their variations are too many to be collected and covered in training data, unexpected false positives inevitably happen in the real world data. That is a problem of self‐printing systems for digital cameras, because they need to handle all kinds of pictures in the real world. Furthermore, because they use detected face regions for image enhancement before printing, to suppress false positives is a big issue of self‐printing systems. To solve the problem of false positives in the real world, we model a nonface class using one‐class estimation of faces, and developed a new face detection algorithm combining one‐class estimation and a cascaded face detection by Real AdaBoost. As a result of the experiment using pictures of digital cameras, we achieved face detection about twice as fast with eight times lower false positives than a conventional cascaded face detector, and also more precise face size detection.
TIGIT safeguards liver regeneration through regulating natural killer cell-hepatocyte crosstalk
Authors: Bi Jiacheng , Zheng Xiaodong , Chen Yongyan , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang
Published: June 2014

Overactivation of innate immunity, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, is harmful to liver regeneration; however, the molecular mechanisms that limit NK cell overactivation during liver regeneration are still elusive. Here we show that a coinhibitory receptor, T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), was selectively up-regulated on NK cells, along with high expression of its ligand, poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155), on hepatocytes during liver regeneration. The absence of TIGIT impaired liver regeneration in vivo, along with overactivation of NK cells and higher NK-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. We also show that both depletion of NK cells and deficiency of IFN-γ, but not deficiency of RAG1, rescued impaired liver regeneration caused by the absence of TIGIT. Adoptive transfer of Tigit
–/– NK cells into NK-deficient Nfil3
–/– mice sufficiently led to impairment of liver regeneration. On the other hand, silencing PVR in hepatocytes rescued impaired liver regeneration caused by TIGIT deficiency in vivo, while blockade of TIGIT in NK-hepatocyte coculture increased IFN-γ production by NK cells in vitro. Conclusion: TIGIT is a safeguard molecule to improve liver regeneration through negatively regulating NK-hepatocyte crosstalk. This finding suggests a novel mechanism of NK cell self-tolerance towards regenerative hyperplasia of the host. (Hepatology 2014;60:1389–1398)
MicroRNAs play a role in spontaneous recovery from acute liver failure
Authors: John Katharina , Hadem Johannes , Krech Till , Wahl Kristin , Manns Michael P. , Dooley Steven , Batkai Sandor , Thum Thomas , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Bantel Heike
Published: June 2014

Acute liver failure (ALF) represents a life-threatening situation characterized by sudden and massive liver cell death in the absence of preexisting liver disease. Although most patients require liver transplantation to prevent mortality, some recover spontaneously and show complete liver regeneration. Because of the rarity of this disease, the molecular mechanisms regulating liver regeneration in ALF patients remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNAs (miRs) that have been implicated in liver injury and regeneration in sera from ALF patients (n = 63). Patients with spontaneous recovery from ALF showed significantly higher serum levels of miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221, compared to nonrecovered patients. In liver biopsies, miR-21 and miR-221 displayed a reciprocal expression pattern and were found at lower levels in the spontaneous survivors, whereas miR-122 was elevated in both serum and liver tissue of those patients. As compared to nonrecovered patients, liver tissue of spontaneous survivors revealed not only increased hepatocyte proliferation, but also a strong down-regulation of miRNA target genes that impair liver regeneration, including heme oxygenase-1, programmed cell death 4, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21, p27, and p57. Conclusion: Our data suggest that miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221 are involved in liver regeneration and might contribute to spontaneous recovery from ALF. Prospective studies will show whether serological detection of those miRNAs might be of prognostic value to predict ALF outcome. (Hepatology 2014;60:1346–1355)
Fluid pressure responses for a Devil's Slide‐like system: problem formulation and simulation
Authors: Thomas Matthew A. , Loague Keith , Voss Clifford I.
Published: June 2014

This study employs a hydrogeologic simulation approach to investigate subsurface fluid pressures for a landslide‐prone section of the central California, USA, coast known as Devil's Slide. Understanding the relative changes in subsurface fluid pressures is important for systems, such as Devil's Slide, where slope creep can be interrupted by episodic slip events. Surface mapping, exploratory core, tunnel excavation records, and dip meter data were leveraged to conceptualize the parameter space for three‐dimensional (3D) Devil's Slide‐like simulations. Field observations (i.e. seepage meter, water retention, and infiltration experiments; well records; and piezometric data) and groundwater flow simulation (i.e. one‐dimensional vertical, transient, and variably saturated) were used to design the boundary conditions for 3D Devil's Slide‐like problems. Twenty‐four simulations of steady‐state saturated subsurface flow were conducted in a concept‐development mode. Recharge, heterogeneity, and anisotropy are shown to increase fluid pressures for failure‐prone locations by up to 18.1, 4.5, and 1.8% respectively. Previous estimates of slope stability, driven by simple water balances, are significantly improved upon with the fluid pressures reported here. The results, for a Devil's Slide‐like system, provide a foundation for future investigations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo evaluation of bone deposition in macroporous titanium implants loaded with mesenchymal stem cells and strontium‐enriched hydrogel
Authors: Lovati Arianna B. , Lopa Silvia , Talò Giuseppe , Previdi Sara , Recordati Camilla , Mercuri David , Segatti Francesco , Zagra Luigi , Moretti Matteo
Published: June 2014

Bone–implant integration represents a major requirement to grant implant stability and reduce the risk of implant loosening. This study investigates the effect of progenitor cells and strontium‐enriched hydrogel on the osseointegration of titanium implants. To mimic implant–bone interaction, an ectopic model was developed grafting Trabecular Titanium™ (TT) implants into decellularized bone seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). TT was loaded or not with strontium‐enriched amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMCA) hydrogel and/or hBMSCs. Constructs were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice and osteodeposition was investigated with microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pull‐out test at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Fluorescence imaging was performed at 8 and 12 weeks, histology at 4 and 8 weeks. Micro‐CT demonstrated the homogeneity of the engineered bone in all groups, supporting the reproducibility of the ectopic model. Fluorescence imaging, histology, SEM and pull‐out mechanical testing showed superior tissue ingrowth in TT implants loaded with both strontium‐enriched CMCA and hBMSCs. In our model, the synergic action of the bioactive hydrogel and hBMSCs increased both the bone deposition and TT integration. Thus, we suggest that using orthopedic prosthetic implant preloaded with strontium‐enriched CMCA and seeded with BMSCs could represent a valid single‐step surgical strategy to improve implant osseointegration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 448–456, 2015.
Permethrin Alters Adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Causes Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes
Authors: Kim Jonggun , Park Yooheon , Yoon Kyong Sup , Clark J. Marshall , Park Yeonhwa
Published: June 2014

Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally derived from the naturally occurring insecticides called pyrethrins. Along with emerging evidence that exposure to insecticides is linked to altered weight gain and glucose homeostasis, exposure to pyrethroids has been linked to altered blood glucose levels in humans. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of permethrin on lipid and glucose metabolisms. Permethrin was treated to 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myoblasts to determine its role in lipid and glucose metabolisms, respectively. Permethrin treatment resulted in increased expression of key markers of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipocytes. Permethrin significantly reduced insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in myotubes. This is the first report on the role of permethrin in altered lipid metabolism in adipocytes and impaired glucose homeostasis in myotubes. These results may help elucidate fundamental underlying mechanisms between insecticide exposure, particularly permethrin, and potential risk of developing obesity and its comorbidities.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Destabilizes the Multi‐Potent State of Uncommitted Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Dudakovic Amel , Camilleri Emily T. , Lewallen Eric A. , McGee‐Lawrence Meghan E. , Riester Scott M. , Kakar Sanjeev , Montecino Martin , Stein Gary S. , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Dietz Allan B. , Westendorf Jennifer J. , van Wijnen Andre J.
Published: June 2014

Human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) grown in platelet lysate are promising agents for therapeutic tissue regeneration. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of epigenetic events by the clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) alters differentiation of AMSCs. The multipotency of AMSCs was validated by their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. High‐throughput RNA sequencing and RT‐qPCR established that human histone deacetylases (HDAC1 to HDAC11, and SIRT1 to SIRT7) are differentially expressed in AMSCs. SAHA induces hyper‐acetylation of histone H3 and H4, stimulates protein expression of the HDAC‐responsive gene SLC9A3R1/NHERF1 and modulates the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Biologically, SAHA interferes with osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineage commitment of multipotent AMSCs. Mechanistically, SAHA‐induced loss of differentiation potential of uncommitted AMSCs correlates with multiple changes in the expression of principal transcription factors that control mesenchymal or pluripotent states. We propose that SAHA destabilizes the multi‐potent epigenetic state of uncommitted human AMSCs by hyper‐acetylation and perturbation of key transcription factor pathways. Furthermore, AMSCs grown in platelet lysate may provide a useful biological model for screening of new HDAC inhibitors that control the biological fate of human mesenchymal stromal cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 52–62, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EGFL7 Is Expressed in Bone Microenvironment and Promotes Angiogenesis via ERK, STAT3, and Integrin Signaling Cascades
Authors: Chim Shek Man , Kuek Vincent , Chow Siu To , Lim Bay Sie , Tickner Jennifer , Zhao Jinmin , Chung Rosa , Su Yu‐Wen , Zhang Ge , Erber Wendy , Xian Cory J. , Rosen Vicki , Xu Jiake
Published: June 2014

Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, remodeling, and fracture healing. The regulation of angiogenesis in the bone microenvironment is highly complex and orchestrated by intercellular communication between bone cells and endothelial cells. Here, we report that EGF‐like domain 7 (EGFL7), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat protein superfamily is expressed in both the osteoclast and osteoblast lineages, and promotes endothelial cell activities. Addition of exogenous recombinant EGFL7 potentiates SVEC (simian virus 40‐transformed mouse microvascular endothelial cell line) cell migration and tube‐like structure formation in vitro. Moreover, recombinant EGFL7 promotes angiogenesis featuring web‐like structures in ex vivo fetal mouse metatarsal angiogenesis assay. We show that recombinant EGFL7 induces phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in SVEC cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling impairs EGFL7‐induced endothelial cell migration, and angiogenesis in fetal mouse metatarsal explants. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that EGFL7 contains a conserved RGD/QGD motif and EGFL7‐induced endothelial cell migration is significantly reduced in the presence of RGD peptides. Moreover, EGFL7 gene expression is significantly upregulated during growth plate injury repair. Together, these results demonstrate that EGFL7 expressed by bone cells regulates endothelial cell activities through integrin‐mediated signaling. This study highlights the important role that EGFL7, like EGFL6, expressed in bone microenvironment plays in the regulation of angiogenesis in bone. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 82–94, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EGF Regulates Claudin‐2 and ‐4 Expression Through Src and STAT3 in MDCK Cells
Authors: García‐Hernández Vicky , Flores‐Maldonado Catalina , Rincon‐Heredia Ruth , Verdejo‐Torres Odette , Bonilla‐Delgado José , Meneses‐Morales Ivan , Gariglio Patricio , Contreras Rubén G.
Published: June 2014

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a key regulator of epithelial paracellular permeability, a property that depends on tight junctions (TJ) and can be evaluated through the measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). EGF increases the TER of MDCK monolayers by inducing ERK1/2‐dependent downregulation of claudin‐2 (CLDN‐2) and upregulation of claudin‐4 (CLDN‐4). Because either increments or decrements in TER often involve Src activation and epithelial cell differentiation occasionally depends on STAT3, here we investigated whether EGF might control CLDN‐2 downregulation and CLDN‐4 upregulation through those proteins. We found that EGF induces Src activation necessary for the reduction of CLDN‐2 at the TJ, the degradation of this CLDN, the reduction of the cellular levels of its mRNA and the resulting increase of TER. EGF‐induced changes on CLDN‐2 protein and mRNA also depend on STAT3 activity. This growth factor increases the levels of STAT3 phosphorylated at Y705 in the nucleus, a process that depends on Src activation. Interestingly, Src and STAT3 activation do not exclusively mediate the EGF‐induced downregulation of CLDN‐2, but they are also implicated in the EGF‐induced CLDN‐4 transcription, translation, and exocytic fusion into TJ. Our results indicate that EGF controls the levels of CLDN‐2 and ‐4 proteins and mRNAs through Src and STAT3 activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 105–115, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An automated technique for carotid far wall classification using grayscale features and wall thickness variability
Authors: Acharya U. Rajendra , Sree S. Vinitha , Molinari Filippo , Saba Luca , Nicolaides Andrew , Suri Jasjit S.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To test a computer‐aided diagnostic method for differentiating symptomatic from asymptomatic carotid B‐mode ultrasonographic images.

Methods

Our system (called Atheromatic) automatically computed the intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid far wall using AtheroEdge, calculated nonlinear features based on higher order spectra, and used these features and IMT and IMT variability (IMTVpoly) to associate each image to a feature vector that was then labeled as symptomatic or asymptomatic (Sym/Asym) by a multiclassifiers system. We tested this method on a database of 118 carotid artery images from 37 symptomatic and 22 asymptomatic patients

Results

The highest accuracy (99.1%) was obtained by the support vector machine classifier using seven features. These features, relevant to discriminate Sym/Asym, included IMT and IMTVpoly, along with the bispectral entropies of the distal wall image at 77°, 78°, and 79° angles.

Conclusions

Classification in Sym/Asym of the far carotid wall is feasible and accurate and could be useful for the early detection of atherosclerosis and to identify patients with higher cardiovascular risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:302–311, 2015
Screening for novel risk factors related to peripherally inserted central catheter‐associated complications
Authors: Moran Jennifer , Colbert Colleen Y. , Song Juhee , Mathews Jane , Arroliga Alejandro C. , Varghees Sunita , Hull Joshua , Reddy Santosh
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly utilized. Patient and system factors that increase risk of complications should be identified to avoid preventable patient harm.

METHODS

A case control analysis of adult inpatients who underwent PICC placement from January 2009 to January 2010 at Scott & White Memorial Hospital was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors for complications. One hundred seventy cases of inpatients who experienced PICC‐related complications were identified. Age‐ and gender‐matched controls were randomly selected among patients who underwent PICC placement without documented complications during this time.

RESULTS

A total of 1444 PICCs were placed, with a complication rate of 11.77% (95% confidence interval: 10.11%‐13.44%). Complications included catheter‐associated thrombosis (3%), mechanical complications (4%), catheter‐associated bloodstream infections (2%), and cellulitis (1%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, malnutrition and after‐hours placement were significantly associated with increased risk of complications, as was body mass index (BMI) >30 after adjusting for anticoagulation and time of placement. In a secondary multivariable logistic regression analysis, after‐hours placement and malnutrition were significantly associated with increased risk of nonmechanical complications. Additionally, in conditional univariate analyses, length of stay, malnutrition, and after‐hours placement were associated with increased risk of catheter‐associated thrombosis. In our multivariable logistic regression analyses, use of anticoagulation/antiplatelet agents was associated with decreased risk of all‐cause complications, nonmechanical complications, and catheter‐associated thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Screening of patients undergoing PICC placement with attention to malnutrition, BMI >30, and length of stay may reduce the risk of PICC‐associated complications. Use of anticoagulation/antiplatelet agents and avoiding after‐hours placement may reduce complications and enhance patient safety. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:481–489. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
A paediatric X‐ray exposure chart
Authors: Knight Stephen P.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this review was to develop a radiographic optimisation strategy to make use of digital radiography (DR) and needle phosphor computerised radiography (CR) detectors, in order to lower radiation dose and improve image quality for paediatrics. This review was based on evidence‐based practice, of which a component was a review of the relevant literature. The resulting exposure chart was developed with two distinct groups of exposure optimisation strategies – body exposures (for head, trunk, humerus, femur) and distal extremity exposures (elbow to finger, knee to toe). Exposure variables manipulated included kilovoltage peak (kVp), target detector exposure and milli‐ampere‐seconds (mAs), automatic exposure control (AEC), additional beam filtration, and use of antiscatter grid. Mean dose area product (DAP) reductions of up to 83% for anterior–posterior (AP)/posterior–anterior (PA) abdomen projections were recorded postoptimisation due to manipulation of multiple‐exposure variables. For body exposures, the target EI and detector exposure, and thus the required mAs were typically 20% less postoptimisation. Image quality for some distal extremity exposures was improved by lowering kVp and increasing mAs around constant entrance skin dose. It is recommended that purchasing digital X‐ray equipment with high detective quantum efficiency detectors, and then optimising the exposure chart for use with these detectors is of high importance for sites performing paediatric imaging. Multiple‐exposure variables may need to be manipulated to achieve optimal outcomes.
Forearm soft tissue sarcoma: Tumors characteristics and oncologic outcomes following limb salvage surgery
Authors: Baroudi Maher R. , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay S. , Isler Marc H. , Mottard Sophie , Werier Joel A. , Turcotte Robert E.
Published: June 2014

Background

Complex anatomy of the forearm may impact on local control and survivals of soft tissue sarcoma. Little is known about characteristics and oncologic outcomes following surgical treatment.

Methods

Demographic and tumor data of 117 patients with forearm soft tissue sarcoma were collected and analyzed. Following limb salvage, survivals, and prognostic factors were studied.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were males (62%) and 53 (45%) were referred after unplanned excision. Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma was most frequent (45%). The average tumor size was 5.1 cm and grade III histology was mostly identified (53%). With radiotherapy, local recurrence occurs in 8 patients (7%) and 30 patients (24%) developed metastasis. Overall survival, disease free survival, local recurrence free survival, and metastasis free survival were 83%, 74%, 93%, and 74%, respectively. Better survival was found for grade I (80% vs. 60%) and small size (<5 cm) (72% vs. 47%). Large size tumor, extra‐compartmental site, extramuscular, and virgin tumor were positive predictors of metastasis.

Conclusion

Soft tissue sarcomas of the forearm are often referred after unplanned excision. Limb salvage was achieved for most and local recurrence remained low in context of radiotherapy. Metastatic progression remained frequent. Low grade and small size were predictors of survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:676–681. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contemporary genetic structure of the northern bobwhite west of the Mississippi River
Authors: Williford Damon , Deyoung Randy W. , Honeycutt Rodney L. , Brennan Leonard A. , Hernández Fidel , Wehland Erin M. , Sands Joseph P. , Demaso Stephen J. , Miller Katherine S. , Perez Robert M.
Published: June 2014

We used mitochondrial DNA to study the population structure and genetic diversity of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) west of the Mississippi River. We observed a lack of phylogeographic structure, high haplotype diversity, and low nucleotide diversity for northern bobwhites in this part of their geographic range. Despite the discordance between geographic patterns of mtDNA diversity and subspecies designations, we detected significant genetic differentiation among 4 subspecies, the plains (C. v. taylori), eastern (C. v. virginianus), Texas (C. v. texanus), and masked (C. v. ridgwayi) bobwhites. Evidence of significant isolation by distance and a latitudinal gradient with regard to the geographic distribution of haplotypes was also apparent. Neutrality tests, Bayesian skyline plots, and test of spatial expansion provided evidence of demographic and range expansion following the end of the last Pleistocene glaciation. Lack of phylogeographic structure indicates that morphological differences that are the basis of subspecies designations are of recent origin. Ecoregions may provide a better basis for management units than subspecies taxonomy for northern bobwhites in the western part of their geographic range. Our results indicate that much of the northern bobwhite's geographic range in the United States is the result of relatively recent colonization, which was a response to climate and habitat changes at the close of the Pleistocene. The northern bobwhite may be as vulnerable to fluctuations in climate as it has been to habitat and landscape changes during the past century. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Emotional Ability and Nonverbal Communication
Authors: Kidwell Blair , Hasford Jonathan
Published: June 2014

The authors review and extend the literature on emotional ability as it impacts nonverbal communication from the perspective of potential customers and depending on sales influence techniques. They discuss four dimensions of emotional ability and highlight emotional ability's impact on four aspects of face‐to‐face interactions—consumer characteristics, salesperson characteristics, the convergence of buyer/seller emotional abilities, and environmental characteristics. They suggest areas for future research to help consumers, marketers, and health care professionals better understand how emotional ability impacts nonverbal communication, and to enhance the quality of interactions.
Shopping under the Influence: Nonverbal Appearance‐Based Communicator Cues Affect Consumer Judgments
Authors: Bashir Nadia Y. , Rule Nicholas O.
Published: June 2014

Researchers have conducted much work to examine the influence of advertising, branding, product appearance, and store layout on consumer judgments in retail contexts. Very limited research, in comparison, has assessed the impact of nonverbal employee cues on retail communication. The present work therefore examined the influence of nonverbal, dominance‐related communicator cues on perceivers’ judgments of information delivered by the communicator. Specifically, this research assessed the impact of communicator clothing color (Studies 1a–1c) and facial width‐to‐height ratio (Study 2) on perceived information accuracy. Perceivers judged the information presented by the communicator to be more accurate when the communicator (a) was wearing red rather than white or blue, or (b) possessed a high versus low facial width‐to‐height ratio. Thus, although explicit information in the retail environment undoubtedly affects consumers’ judgments, they may also be influenced by more subtle cues.
From physical chemistry to mass spectrometry to government lab manager in half a century
Authors: Boyd Robert
Published: June 2014

© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:272–310, 2016
Nonlinear optical limiters of pulsed laser radiation based on carbon‐containing nanostructures in viscous and solid matrices
Authors: Belousova I. M. , Videnichev D. A. , Volynkin V. M. , Evstropiev S. K. , Kislyakov I. M. , Murav'ova T. D. , Rakov E. G.
Published: June 2014

Results of the study of optical limiters of pulsed laser radiation based on nonlinear effects in carbon nanostructures placed into viscous and solid matrices are presented. A nonlinear optical limiting was studied by nanomaterials based on multi‐wall polyhedral carbon nanostructures (astralens) placed in a sol–gel matrix. Similar studies for single‐wall and multi‐wall carbon‐containing nanotubes placed in polymer matrices with various viscosities were performed. No additional mechanism of optical limiting due to electron structure of single‐wall carbon‐containing nanotubes at their introduction into viscous and solid composite media was found. An influence of polymer matrix composition containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a threshold and ratio of attenuation of laser radiation was demonstrated. The best limiting characteristics were observed at placing CNT into polymethylsiloxane matrix. An effect of “self‐healing” of a medium after laser radiation passage through high viscous liquids was obtained. The high parameters of nonlinear optical limiting (the threshold of limiting 10−5 J, ratio of attenuation 103) achieved for the composite material CNT (HiPCO High‐Pressure Carbon Monoxide) and carbon nanofibers in high viscous and solid polymethylsiloxane media allow the design of protective filters for laser radiation operating in wide spectral range. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant enhancement of electrical and thermal conductivities of polyethylene carbon nanotube composites by the addition of a low amount of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Jouni Mohammad , Boudenne Abderrahim , Boiteux Gisèle , Massardier Valérie , Garnier Bertrand
Published: June 2014

Electrically and thermally conductive high‐density polyethylene composites filled with hybrid fillers, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs), have been prepared in the melt state. The investigation of their electrical and thermal conductivities while comparing with high‐density polyethylene/MWCNT binary composites shows that the addition of only 3 vol% of Ag‐NPs does not reduce the electrical percolation threshold (Pc) that remains as low as 0.40 vol% of MWCNTs but leads to an increase in the maximum dc electrical conductivity of PE/MWCNT composites by two orders of magnitudes. Moreover, the association of both Ag‐NPs and carbon nanotube particles improved our composite's thermal conductivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new marker set that identifies fetal cells in maternal circulation with high specificity
Authors: Hatt Lotte , Brinch Marie , Singh Ripudaman , Møller Kristine , Lauridsen Rune Hoff , Schlütter Jacob Mørup , Uldbjerg Niels , Christensen Britta , Kølvraa Steen
Published: June 2014

Objective

Fetal cells from the maternal circulation (FCMBs) have the potential to replace cells from amniotic fluid or chorionic villi in a diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies. Good markers for enrichment and identification are lacking.

Method

Blood samples from 78 normal pregnancies were used for testing the marker‐set CD105 and CD141 for fetal cell enrichment. Fetal cell candidates were subsequently stained by a cocktail of cytokeratin antibodies, and the gender of the fetal cells was explored by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the X and Y chromosomes.

Results

Fetal cell candidates could be detected in 91% of the samples, and in 85% of the samples, it was possible to obtain X and Y chromosomal FISH results for gender determination. The concordance between gender determined by FISH on fetal cells in maternal blood and gender found at birth reached 100% if three or more fetal cells with FISH signals could be found in a sample.

Conclusion

The marker set identifies fetal cells with specificity high enough to make cell‐based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis realistic. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of segmented poly(ether ester amide)s from diglycol, adipic acid, and a nylon‐6 oligomer
Authors: Li Chen Guo , Li Su Qing , Zhao Jing Bo , Zhang Zhi Yuan , Zhang Jun Ying , Yang Wan Tai
Published: June 2014

This article presents a convenient method for synthesizing segmented poly(ether ester amide)s (PEEAs) by polycondensation and chain extension. A nylon‐6 oligomer prepared from ε‐caprolactam and ethanolamine through ring‐opening polymerization was polymerized with adipic acid and diglycol to prepare PEEA prepolymers (PrePEEAs) with ether linkages and amide contents ranging from 20 to 60 mol%. Chain extension of the PrePEEAs was conducted at 200°C using 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)‐bis(2‐oxazoline) and carbonyl biscaprolactamate as combination chain extenders. The chain‐extended PEEAs (ExtPEEAs) were characterized by viscometry, gel permeation chromatography, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and tensile testing. Results show that incorporation of nylon‐6 segments yields semicrystalline ExtPEEAs and that introduction of ether linkages improves the flexibility of the resultant polymers. ExtPEEAs showed Tm from 107.6 to 137.3°C, good thermal stability with initial decomposition temperatures above 337.3°C, and tensile strengths of up to 27.4 MPa with strains at break ranging from 231.24 to 1052.52%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:763–770, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
A connectivity resilient dynamic multi‐channel assignment method for VANET
Authors: Zhao Tong , Lu Shanbo , Yan Wei , Li Xiaoming
Published: June 2014

Multi‐interface multi‐channel can be used to reduce the channel interference and improve the network capacity for multi‐hop wireless ad‐hoc networks, but using multi‐channel will impact the network connectivity, which is an important quality of service factor in VANET. The basic multi‐channel assignment scheme in our paper keeps the network connectivity resilient to the mobility. On the basis of this method, we design a dynamic channel assignment algorithm that can dynamically switch the channels to the less busy ones by monitoring the channel usages. In order to survive the highly mobile scenarios in VANET, the algorithm is designed in a fully distributed way with low overhead. Simulations show that our method can notably improve the throughput of VANETs. And the performance keeps steady with various network configurations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of a malware detection system based on network behavior
Authors: Xue L. , Sun G.
Published: June 2014

With the increasing of new malicious software attacks, the host‐based malware detection methods cannot always detect the latest unknown malware. Intrusion detection system does not focus on malware detection, whereas the behavior‐based detection methods still have some difficulties in being deployed in the network layer. This paper presents a malware detection method based on network behavior evidence chains. The proposed new method will detect the specific network behavior characteristics on three different stages as connection establishment, operating control, and connection maintenance. Then a final detection decision will be concluded according to the results detected in the different stages before. A system prototype is implemented to proof concept the proposed malware detection methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of blend ratio on cure characteristics, tensile properties, thermal and swelling properties of mica‐filled (ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer)/(recycled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer) (EPDM/r‐EPDM) blends
Authors: Ismail H. , Ishak S. , Hamid Z.A.A.
Published: June 2014

(Ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer)/(recycled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer) (EPDM/r‐EPDM) blends filled with constant mica loading were compounded at various blends ratios (i.e., 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50). Results indicated that scorch time decreased with increasing r‐EPDM content, whereas curing time, minimum torque, and maximum torque show the opposite trend. The tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, and elongation at break value increased with increasing r‐EPDM loading in the blend systems and the optimum properties occurred at 70/30 EPDM/r‐EPDM blends ratio. The thermal stability of EPDM/r‐EPDM blends increased with increasing r‐EPDM content in the blends but the swelling percentage showed the opposite trend with a greater addition of r‐EPDM content in the blends. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 21:1–6, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
An Overview of Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo
Authors: Liang Faming
Published: June 2014

During the past few decades, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) has been widely used in Bayesian statistical inference and scientific computing. Its successes have proven it to be a very powerful and typically unique computational tool for analyzing data of complex structures. However, conventional MCMC algorithms often suffer from the local trap problem which renders the simulation ineffective. This paper provides an overview of the theory, variants, and applications for stochastic approximation Monte Carlo (SAMC), an advanced MCMC algorithm that is essentially immune to the local trap problem. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:240–254. doi: 10.1002/wics.1305

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Epilepsy in inborn errors of metabolism: two cases with unusual presentation
Authors: Sharma Suvasini , Jain Puneet , Prabaharan Chellamuthu , Hemrom Jeedan , Kapoor Seema , Kumari Chandrawati , Kumar Atin , Pemde Harish , Aneja Satinder
Published: June 2014

Inherited metabolic disorders are a rare cause of epilepsy in children. We describe a case of Glutaric aciduria type 1 presenting with West syndrome and a case of intermittent Maple syrup urine disease presenting with epileptic encephalopathy. Early diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy may be life saving and may improve the long term neurodevelopmental outcome in children with inherited metabolic disorders.
Effects of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on Alzheimer's disease in veterans, using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Weiner Michael W. , Veitch Dallas P. , Hayes Jacqueline , Neylan Thomas , Grafman Jordan , Aisen Paul S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford , Jagust William , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Green Robert C. , Harvey Danielle , Toga Arthur W. , Friedl Karl E. , Pacifico Anthony , Sheline Yvette , Yaffe Kristine , Mohlenoff Brian ,   Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2014

Both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common problems resulting from military service, and both have been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia resulting from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other causes. This study aims to use imaging techniques and biomarker analysis to determine whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or PTSD resulting from combat or other traumas increase the risk for AD and decrease cognitive reserve in Veteran subjects, after accounting for age. Using military and Department of Veterans Affairs records, 65 Vietnam War veterans with a history of moderate or severe TBI with or without PTSD, 65 with ongoing PTSD without TBI, and 65 control subjects are being enrolled in this study at 19 sites. The study aims to select subject groups that are comparable in age, gender, ethnicity, and education. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia are being excluded. However, a new study just beginning, and similar in size, will study subjects with TBI, subjects with PTSD, and control subjects with MCI. Baseline measurements of cognition, function, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; magnetic resonance images (structural, diffusion tensor, and resting state blood‐level oxygen dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging); and amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) images with florbetapir are being obtained. One‐year follow‐up measurements will be collected for most of the baseline procedures, with the exception of the lumbar puncture, the PET imaging, and apolipoprotein E genotyping. To date, 19 subjects with TBI only, 46 with PTSD only, and 15 with TBI and PTSD have been recruited and referred to 13 clinics to undergo the study protocol. It is expected that cohorts will be fully recruited by October 2014. This study is a first step toward the design and statistical powering of an AD prevention trial using at‐risk veterans as subjects, and provides the basis for a larger, more comprehensive study of dementia risk factors in veterans.
Los sonidos del español
Authors: Hualde José Ignacio
Published: June 2014

This accessible textbook provides a clear introduction to the sounds of Spanish. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, it explains from scratch the fundamentals of phonetics (the study of speech sounds) and phonology (the study of sound systems) and describes in detail the phonetic and phonological characteristics of Spanish as it is spoken in both Spain and Latin America. Topics covered include consonants, vowels, acoustics, stress, syllables, intonation, and aspects of variation within Spanish. Clear comparisons are made between the sounds of Spanish and those of English, and students are encouraged to put theory into practice with over fifty graded exercises. Los sonidos del español will help students gain a solid understanding of the sound system of Spanish and will also be useful to scholars in phonetics and phonology. All the sounds described in this book are demonstrated in the online audio sound files which accompany this book.
Foreign Affairs Strategy
Authors: Deibel Terry L.
Published: June 2014

This is a book on how to think - strategically - about foreign policy. Focusing on American foreign policy, this book discusses the national interest as a concept in strategic logic and describes how to select objectives that will take advantage of opportunities to promote interests, while protecting them against threats. It also discusses national power and influence, as well as the political, informational, economic, and military instruments of state power. Based on a graphic model that illustrates strategic logic, the book uses examples from recent American statecraft. It ends with an extended critique of American foreign policy and a detailed outline of an alternative strategy that is better suited to the problems of the 21st century.
Gender and Elections
Authors: Carroll Susan J. , Fox Richard L.
Published: June 2014

The updated edition of this book describes the role of gender in the American electoral process through the 2008 elections. It strikes a balance between highlighting the most important developments for women as voters and candidates in the 2008 elections and providing a deeper analysis of the ways that gender has helped shape electoral politics in the United States. Individual chapters demonstrate the importance of gender in understanding presidential elections, voter participation and turnout, voting choices, the participation of African American women, congressional elections, the support of political parties and women's organizations, candidate communications with voters, and state elections. This updated volume also includes new chapters that analyze the roles of Latinas in US politics and chronicle the candidacies of Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin.
A Concise History of Mexico
Authors: Hamnett Brian R.
Published: June 2014

The second edition of this accessible study of Mexico, first published in 2006, includes two new features, an examination of cultural developments since Independence from Spain in 1821 and a discussion of contemporary issues up to the time of publication. Several new plates with captions expand the thematic coverage in the book. The updated edition examines the administration of Vicente Fox, who came to power with the elections of 2000. The new sections reinforce the importance of Mexico's long and disparate history, from the Precolumbian era onwards, in shaping the country as it is today. This Concise History looks at Mexico from political, economic and cultural perspectives, and tackles controversial themes such as the impact of the Spanish Conquest and the struggle to establish an independent Mexico. A broad range of readers interested in the modern-day Americas should find here a helpful introduction to this vibrant and dynamic North-American society.
Psalms
Authors: Brueggemann Walter , Bellinger, Jr William H.
Published: June 2014

This text introduces the book of Psalms and provides an exposition of each psalm with attention to genre, liturgical connections, societal issues and the psalm's place in the book of Psalms as a whole. The treatments of the psalms feature a close look at particular issues raised by the text and the encounters between the world of the psalm and the world of contemporary readers. The exposition of each psalm provides a reader's guide to the text in conversation with relevant theological issues.
The Art of Being a Scientist
Authors: Snieder Roel , Larner Ken
Published: June 2014

This is a hands-on guide for graduate students and young researchers wishing to perfect the practical skills needed for a successful research career. By teaching junior scientists to develop effective research habits, the book helps to make the experience of graduate study a more efficient and rewarding one. The authors have taught a graduate course on the topics covered for many years, and provide a sample curriculum for instructors in graduate schools wanting to teach a similar course. Topics covered include choosing a research topic, department, and advisor; making workplans; the ethics of research; using scientific literature; perfecting oral and written communication; publishing papers; writing proposals; managing time effectively; and planning a scientific career and applying for jobs in research and industry. The wealth of advice is invaluable to students, junior researchers and mentors in all fields of science, engineering, and the humanities. The authors have taught a graduate course on the topics covered for many years, and provide a sample curriculum for instructors in graduate schools wanting to teach a similar course. The sample curriculum is available in the book as Appendix B, and as an online resource.