bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Temperature-Dependent Tensile Strength of Short-Fiber-Reinforced Elastomer Matrix Composites
Authors: Zhu D.S. , Gu Bo Qin , Chen Ye
Published: March 2009

The temperature-dependent tensile strength is an important indicator used to evaluate
combination property of short-fiber-reinforced elastomer matrix composite. Some
short-fiber-reinforced elastomer matrix composites are manufactured in the molding preparation
process, and the tensile tests of fiber, matrix and the composites are carried out at different
temperatures. The fiber length and orientation distributions are statistically analyzed. The influence of
temperature on the micromechanical stress distribution and transfer in the composite is investigated,
and the thermal stresses in the fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interface are obtained. Based on the
theory of micromechanical stress distribution and transfer of the fibrous composite, the mixture law is
modified, and a model for predicting the temperature-dependent tensile strength of this kind of
composite is developed. Moreover, the mechanism of the tensile fracture of the composite at various
temperatures is discussed. Research indicates that the tensile strength is largely related to the
temperature, mechanical performances of the main components of the composite and some
microstructural parameters, such as short fiber aspect ratio, volume fraction and orientation
distribution. The tensile strength of SFRE decreases with increasing temperature. The tensile strength
increases with the increase of fiber length when the fiber length is no larger than critical fiber length.
There exists a critical fiber volume fraction where the tensile strength of SFRE reaches the maximum.
The tensile fracture of the composite depends largely on the temperature, the bond strength of
fiber-matrix interface and the average length of reinforcing short fibers. The temperature-dependent
tensile strengths predicted by the presented model are in good agreement with experimental data.
Statistical Analysis on Bonding Strength and Failure Mechanism of Plasma-Sprayed HA Coating with Reinforced Intermediate Layers
Authors: Yang Chung Wei , Lui Truan Sheng
Published: March 2009

Experimental results showed that both of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and
yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) intermediate layers significantly enhanced the bonding strength of
HACs (one-way ANOVA test, p < 0.05). On the basis of fracture morphologies and bonding strength
data fluctuation, the Weibull model provided a powerful statistical analysis for assessing the failure
mechanism and the reliability of composite coatings. Plasma-sprayed HACs were reliable materials
with a right-shift wear-out failure model (m > 3) of increasing failure rate (IFR). The HA composite
coatings remained in tack on the substrate, which represented better reliability and less dissociation
for further applications. The measured bonding strength of HACs was a combination of adhesive and
cohesive strength of a coating layer. The area fraction of adhesive failure tended to decrease with
introducing the reinforced intermediate layer, especially for the HA/YSZ composite coating. The
decrease of adhesive failure area fraction represented good interlocking between the coating/substrate
interfaces. The knowledge of fracture behaviour in HACs with reinforced intermediate layers will be
very helpful for the understanding and prediction of the bonding strength.
Functionally Graded Dental Implant and its Effect on Bone Remodeling
Authors: Lin Daniel , Li Qing , Li Wei , Swain Michael V.
Published: March 2009

Currently, titanium dominates the dental implant materials due to its strength and bio-inerrability. The
use of titanium implant had demonstrated considerable surgical success. However, researchers are
spontaneously pursuing better materials to achieve better osseointegration in the early stage of
implantation. Recently, dental implants based on functionally graded material (FGM) were
introduced in pursuit for the goal of enhanced bio-compatibility. The concept for FGM dental implant
is that the property would vary in certain pattern to match the biomechanical characteristics required
at different regions in the oral bone. However, mating properties do not necessarily guarantee better
osseointegration and bone remodelling. There is no existing report available on the long-term effect
of FGM dental implant on its hosting bone tissues. This paper aims at exploring this critical problem
by using computational bone remodelling technique. The magnitude of bone remodelling due to use
of FGM implant is identified over a healing period of four years. Comparisons were made between
titanium and various FGM designs, the interesting differences were observed and the optimum FGM
design was suggested based on the remodelling results.
Anisotropy Control of Cold Rolled Cu-Ag Alloys
Authors: Cho Hoon , Lee Byoung Soo , Ha Jae Hong , Jo Hyung Ho
Published: March 2009

The anisotropy in mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ag alloy during
cold rolling were investigated. The anisotropy in tensile strength and electrical conductivity was
significant with increasing Ag content in Cu-Ag alloy. The cold rolled Cu-Ag alloys with higher Ag
content have filamentary structure, which is composed of elongated eutectic phase and Cu matrix. In
addition, the eutectic phase in Cu-Ag alloys with higher Ag content has a strong α-fiber texture. It can
be mentioned that the eutectic phase in filamentary structure is promotes the anisotropy of electrical
conductivity of Cu-Ag alloys. This strong a-fiber texture of eutectic phase was decreased by annealing
process (300 OC for 1h), and the anisotropy in strength and conductivity was decreased.
Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Enhancing Agents
Authors: Do M.A. , Lee H.J. , Yeum J.H. , Chang Y.M. , Ghim H.D. , Choi Jin Hyun
Published: March 2009

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION) as magnetic resonance
imaging were synthesized through a sonochemical co-precipitation method with poly
(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The size of the USPION was controlled by poly (ethyleneimine) (PEI)
contents, ultrasonic exposure time, and Na4OH concentration. The characteristics of PEI-USPION
were studied by X-ray diffractometry, magnetic property measurement system, scanning electron
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. The PEI-USPION had an
average size of 5~10nm with a narrow size distribution, a perfect magnetite crystal structure, and
high saturation magnetization.
Preparation of Aspect Ratio-Controlled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Don Young , Jin Hyoung Joon
Published: March 2009

Commercially, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) production methods are based
on the use of transition metal catalysts such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Raw MWCNTs
usually contain metal catalysts and other carbon impurities. A common route to eliminate these
impurities is an acid treatment. In addition, this route induces cutting of MWCNTs which can control
the aspect ratio of MWCNTs. The aspect ratio controlled MWCNTs can use many applications such
as the electrode material, biological imaging and sensing, etc. In this study, the aspect ratio of
MWCNTs was controlled using an acid treatment with a 3:1 concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 mixture by
varying the treatment time. Results show that an acid treatment can control the aspect ratio of
MWCNTs. The aspect ratio controlled MWCNTs were observed by TEM and Raman spectra.
Applications of Cu@C Nanoparticles in New Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Liao Chang Yu , Wang H. Paul , Chen Fu Lin , Huang Chien Hua , Fukushima Yasuhiro
Published: March 2009

To enhance the efficiency of a newly developing dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC),
Cu@C (7-20 nm) nanoparticles dispersed electrolyte has been studied. Experimentally, the
efficiencies (η) of the DSSC are in the range of 2.70-4.09% with a short-circuit photocurrent density
(Jsc) of 5.775-9.910 mA/cm2. Interestingly, it is found that addition of 1% of Cu@C (7 nm)
nanoparticles in the molten salt (1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII)) conjugated
electrolyte leads to an enhancement of 11% in the conversion efficiency (η) of 4.06%. By XANES,
about 17-32% of copper in the core of Cu@C are oxidized to Cu2O (10-17%) and CuO (5-17%) in
the molten salt in the electrolyte.
The Influence of Surface Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Electrical Property of its Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Xie Na , Jiao Qing Jie , Zang Chong Guang
Published: March 2009

A good method for dispersing Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in LDPE matrix
by melt processing technique had been developed. The surface of MWNTs was modified by HNO3,
then, treated with γ-aminopropyltriethoxy Silane. The surface-modified MWNTs homogeneous
LDPE composites with 0-0.35 mass fraction MWNTs loading had been evaluated for electrical
conductivity. The composites’ electrical conductivity (σDC) was improved for the good dispersion of
MWNTs in LDPE matrix. The values of σDC obeyed a percolation power law with MWNTs
concentration threshold 0.10 mass fraction. 10-2 s/cm conductivity for 0.15 mass fraction MWNTs
loading indicated that the composites could be used as lightweight electrostatic shielding materials.
Investigating Nanoparticle Effect on the Mode I Fracture Toughness of Glass/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Tsai Jia Lin , Cheng Yi Lieh
Published: March 2009

The research is aimed to investigate the influence of spherical nanoparticles on the fracture
behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites. Two different contents of silica nanoparticles, 10wt% and
20wt %, were introduced into the composite samples. Through a sol-gel technique, the silica particles
with diameter of 25 nm were dispersed uniformly into the epoxy matrix. Subsequently, the silica
epoxy mixtures were impregnated into the unidirectional glass fiber mat by means of a vacuum hand
lay-up process to form the unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy laminate. During the fabrication, a porous
film was inserted into the mid-plane of the laminate to generate the pre-crack. The Mode I fracture
toughness of the composites with different nanoparticles contents were then determined form the
double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. Based on the experimental observations, it was found that
the glass fiber/epoxy composites with silica nanoparticles exhibit superior fracture toughness than
those that do not contain any silica particles. Scan Electronic Microscopy (SEM) observations on the
failure surfaces indicated that the enhanced fracture toughness could be due to the improved
interfacial bounding in conjunction with the nanoparticle debonding from the surrounding epoxy. In
general, such failure mechanisms may complicate the fracture process, dissipating more fracture
energy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Europium Ternary Luminescence Coordination Compound Nanorods
Authors: Ren Hui Juan , Cui Zhen Feng , Chen Feng Hua , Hong Guang Yan
Published: March 2009

Ternary luminescence coordination compound nanorods composed of rare-earth (Eu(III))-
trimesic acid (TMA)-1.10-phenanthroline (phen) were synthesized in alcohol and water mixed
solvent. The chemical composition of the obtained sample deduced from the elemental analysis,
plasma atomic emission spectra and infrared spectra is Eu (MTA)(phen)·10H2O. Thermal analysis
(TG-DTA) showed that the coordination compound has better stability under 463°C, and the
decomposition mechanics is Eu (MTA) (phen)·10H2O→Eu (MTA) (phen)·2H2O→Eu (MTA)
(C6H6N2)→ Eu2O3. XRD patterns showed that the obtained coordination compound is a new crystal
different from that of two ligands. TEM image indicated that coordination compound is nanorods
with better dispersity. The diameter of nanorods is about 50~100 nm and the length ranges from
hundred nanometer to a few micrometers. Photoluminescence analysis indicated that the coordination
compound emits Eu3+ characteristic luminescence under ultraviolet excitation.
Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V’s Corrosion Resistance Behavior by Double Glow Discharge Plasma Hydrogen-Free Carburizing Process
Authors: Zhang Gao Hui , Zhang Ping Ze , Yu Ming Zhou , Xu Zhong
Published: March 2009

The surface-modified Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V was obtained in the process of the double
glow discharge plasma hydrogen-free carburizing. The high purity solid graphite as the source
cathode supplied the carbon elements; pure titanium and its alloys were used as the cathode and argon
as the working gas. At certain pressure and voltage, the glow discharge appeared between cathode
and anode, source cathode and anode. The carbon plasma flux, including carbon atoms, ions,
sputtered by argon ions diffused into the substrate, which depended on ions bombardment and
thermal diffusion at a negative voltage. High purity solid graphite cathode was done in a honeycomb
shape or grid shape. A layer with TiC and C phases was formed during the process. Surface hardness
was increased by four times due to the presence of TiC and C phases, and wear resistance was
enormously improved. The C concentration and hardness of alloying layer changed gradually with
the depth. The corrosion properties of hydrogen-free carburized specimens were tested in the solution
of 5% NaCl and 5% H2SO4, using electrochemical corrosion method. The results showed that the
corrosion resistance of carburized specimens was significantly improved in 5% H2SO4 solution.
Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Interlocked Materials
Authors: Brugger Charles , Bréchet Yves , Fivel Marc
Published: March 2009

Interlocked materials are new examples of “hybrid materials”, mixing materials and
structures at a millimetric scale. They consist of periodic assemblies of elementary blocks with
specific shapes, maintained in contact by compressive boundary conditions. These “pre-fragmented
materials” can simultaneously fulfil antagonistic properties such as high strength together with good
damage tolerance.
We performed indentation tests on two different structures: (i) an assembly of osteomorphic ice
blocks and (ii) an assembly of plaster made cubes. The tests being performed up to the failure, it is
found that these structures dissipate much more mechanical energy than similar monolithic plates
and preserve their integrity up to much larger deformation. A numerical modelling is then
developed in order to reproduce this behaviour. Using finite elements, we simulated the friction
contact between two elastic cubes or blocks, for a given lateral load and friction coefficient. The
outputs are then introduced as local contact rules in a “Discrete Elements code” specially developed
for this study. The discrete code is then used to model the elastic and damage behaviour of
assemblies of cubes or osteomorphic blocks. The comparison with experimental results is
satisfactory. Finally, the code is used to model larger assemblies of interlocked structures for which
the force path is analysed.
Variational Approach in Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Sensors & Actuators
Authors: Muc Aleksander , Kędziora Piotr
Published: March 2009

A new optimization problem for laminated multilayered structures having surface
bounded piezoelectric patches have been formulated and solved. The present formulation introduces
boundaries of piezoelectric patches as new class of design variables. In addition classical design
variables in the form of ply orientation angles of orthotropic layers are also taken into account. The
design objective is the minimization of normal maximal deflections. The standard Rayleigh-Ritz
method is used, however, the accuracy of optimal design are verified with the aid of the FE package
ABAQUS. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed model.
Surface Characteristics of Magnesium Alloys Treated by Anodic Oxidation Using Pulse Power
Authors: Kim Yu Kyong , Lee Man Hyung , Prasad Madhav Nepane , Park Il Song , Lee Min Ho , Seol Kyeong Won , Bae Tae Sung
Published: March 2009

Magnesium has been proposed as an implant metal due to its low weight and inherent
biocompatibility. However, it use as a biomaterial is seriously limited by its poor corrosion n
resistance. Die-cast AZ91D and rolled AZ31B alloys, which are commercial magnesium alloys,
were used in this study. After plasma anodization, SEM showed that the surface had a relatively
high porosity with some micro-cracks. EDX revealed Mg, Al and Zn on the surface of the samples
before anodization. After anodization , there was an increase in the oxygen EDX peak intensity with
a concomitant decrease in the magnesium intensity . Anodized AZ91D had the best corrosion
resistance according to the potentiodynamic polarization curves. After immersion in Hanks solution
for 10 days, the untreated AZ31B sample had the highest pH value due to formation of OH- on the
film surface.
Bioassay Based on Photonic Crystal
Authors: Zhao Xiang Wei , Xu Hua , Gu Zhong Ze
Published: March 2009

Photonic crystals have wide applications not only in optoelectronic fields but also in
bioassays. In this review, we summarized our work on colloidal photonic crystals as novel
biomolecular supports in multiplex bioassays. Except for enhancing the fluorescence signal and
encoding the biomolecular carriers in fluorphore labeled bioassays, photonic crystal can also encode
suspended arrays. From the point view of practicality, the synthesis and self-assembly of
monodispersed colloidal spheres for colloidal crystals is involved.
Distinctive Degradation Behaviors of Electrospun PGA, PLGA and P(LLA-CL) Nanofibers Cultured with/without Cell Culture
Authors: Dong Yi Xiang , Liao Susan , Ramakrishna Seeram , Chan Casey K.
Published: March 2009

Biodegradable nanofiber has become a popular candidate as tissue engineering scaffolds due to its
biomimic structure as natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Certain tissue regeneration may require
prolonged in vitro culture time for cellular reorganization and tissue remodeling. Therefore, long
term understanding of cellular effects on scaffold degradation is needed. Although there are some
degradation studies on nanofiber, degradation study of nanofibers with cell culture is rare. In our
study, polyglycolide (PGA), poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(L-lactide-co-ε-
caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] were electrospun into nanofiber scaffolds. The scaffolds were cultured
with porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMC) for up to 3 months to evaluate their degradation behavior
and cellular response. The results showed that their degradation rates were in the order of
PGA>>PLGA>P(LLA-CL). PGA nanofiber degraded in 3 weeks and only supported cell growth in
the first few days. Cell culture accelerated the surface erosion of PLGA and P(LLA-CL) nanofiber
while the bulk degradation remained unaffected. Furthermore, the cell culture did not significantly
reduce the mechanical strength of PLGA and P(LLA-CL) during degradation.
Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Induced by Biomaterials in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sun Jiao , Mu Xin Ning , Ding Ting Ting
Published: March 2009

Materials used to make artificial vessels and hearts can cause thrombosis, thus hindering
the development of these therapeutic aids. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a key role in thrombosis, so
in this study, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and tested the
hemocompatibility of different biomaterials. We then measured the signal proteins MAPK
(mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Nuclear Factor- kB (NF-κB) to investigate the correlation
between their expression and the degree of hemocompatibility. The results showed that ECs in the
polyurethane (PU-60) group had significantly more NF-κB than the negative control (p<0.5). To
identify whether the increased expression of NF-κB was induced by MAPK activation, we
investigated changes in phosphorylated MAPK. We found both MAPK and NF-κB are ideal
indicators for evaluating the hemocompatibility of biomaterial.
The Design of Novel Scaffolds by Integrating Microbial Cellulose onto Plasma Treated Polypropylene
Authors: Wibowo Nani , Wang Meng Jiy , Chang Chin Chuan , Lee Cheng Kang
Published: March 2009

The effect of plasma treatment on physicochemical properties of a porous polypropylene
(PP) membrane was studied. The treated porous membranes were used as substrates for Acetobacter
xylinum to grow and produce microbial cellulose pellicle. The effects of modifications on
wettability and morphology were correlated with the growth rate of microbial cellulose. The CO2,
O2 and N2/H2 plasmas modification not only can increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane but
also enhance the growth of microbial cellulose. For 14 days of cultivation, the amount of microbial
cellulose found on O2 treated substrate was approximately 2 folds of that on the untreated
membranes.
An Experimental and Computational Study on Zn-Substituted Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ren Fu Zeng , Xin Ren Long , Ge Xiang , Leng Yang
Published: March 2009

Nanocrystalline Zn-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was synthesized by
wet chemical method. Detailed characterization was carried out with both experimental techniques
and numerical simulation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show the calcium phosphate
maintains as the apatite phase when the atomic ratio of Zn/(Zn+Ca) is less than 17% Zn in aqueous
solutions. The calcium phosphate crystallinility decreases with the Zn concentration increase. The
morphological changes with Zn substitution in HA were investigated by TEM. Lattice parameters of
the apatitic samples were determined by XRD Rietveld refinement method. A computational study
using ab initio generalized gradient approximation density functional theory was performed on
Zn-substituted HA. Comparison of the experimental and computer simulation results provides our
insights of Zn substitution in apatite structure.
Biocompatibility and Osteogenesis of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Guo Han , Wei Jie , Kong Hang , Liu Chang Sheng , Pan Ke Feng
Published: March 2009

Porous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were successfully fabricated utilizing
particle-leaching method. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured, expanded and seeded on
the scaffolds and the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic phenotype were
determined using MTT assay, ALP activity and ESEM. The results revealed that the CPC scaffolds
were biocompatible and had no negative effects on the MSCs in vitro. The in vivo biocompatibility
and osteogenicity of the scaffolds were investigated. Both pure scaffolds and MSCs/scaffold
constructs were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically. The results showed that
CPC scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Moreover, the introduction of
MSCs into the scaffolds dramatically enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation initially.
Electrochemical Deposition of Fluoridated Calcium Phosphate Thin Film on Titanium Substrates
Authors: Ge Xiang , Ren Fu Zeng , Leng Yang
Published: March 2009

Percutaneous type of orthopedic and dental implants requires not only a good adhesion
with bone, but also the ability to form good attachment and seal with connective tissues and skins.
Currently, the skin-seal of such implants still remains as a problem to be resolved.
Electrochemical processing was used to modify the surface of titanium implants in order to improve
the ability of anti-bacteria infection and skin seal around the implants by synthesizing a fluoridated
calcium phosphate thin film on titanium substrate. The surface of titanium was cathodically treated
in an electrochemical cell. A thin film of about 80 nm thickness was deposited on the titanium
surface by controlling the treatment parameters. The dense and gel-like film was composed of
calcium phosphate and fluorine ions. Fluorine ion has the anti-bacteria property and could help to
improve the skin seal around the percutaneous device. The electrochemical method of fluoridated
calcium phosphate thin film synthesis will provide an alternative method for surface treatment of
orthopedic and dental implants.
In Vitro Biocompatibility Study of Nano TiO2 Materials
Authors: Han W. , Wang Yue Dan , Zheng Y.F.
Published: March 2009

Nano TiO2 material is an extensively used and adequately studied material and has a close
contact with human in various fields, such as dope, dye, ceramic, cosmetic and medicine. Therefore,
it’s very important to study the biocompatibility and biosafety of nano TiO2 materials. In the present
study, various nano TiO2 materials with different dimension and crystal structures were confected to
suspensions with varied concentrations and evaluated in cell model (mouse fibrocyte) after
autoclaving sterilization. After 24h, 48h and 72h of cell culture experiments, MTT assay was used to
examine the cell proliferation behavior and the flow cytometry was used to examine the cell apoptosis
behavior. The present results of cell experiment showed that nano TiO2 materials had no effect on cell
proliferation and apoptosis in a certain range of time and concentration. MTT assay indicated the
relative cell proliferation rate in all nano TiO2 material groups were above 92% and the toxicity grade
were 0 or 1 class.
Microstructure Control and Pseudoelasticity of Ti-Nb-Ge Alloy
Authors: Kim Won Yong , Kim Han Sol
Published: March 2009

Microstructures and pseudoelastic behavior of Ti-Nb-Ge alloys were investigated in order
to correlate the pseudoelasticity and microstructure together with martensite transformation. XRD
results and transmission electron microscope revealed that stress-induced martensitic transformation
takes place during room temperature deformation in the present alloys. Recrystallization heat
treatment of the present alloy displayed pseudoelastic behavior to be prominent. It is concluded that
the pseudoelastic behavior of a metastable-β Ti-Nb-Ge alloy is correlated to the stress-induced
martensite transformation.
Effects of Lead and Boride Inhibitors on the Passivity of Nickel Alloy 600 Surface
Authors: Kim Dong Jin , Kwon Hyuk Chul , Hwang Seong Sik , Kim Hong Pyo , Park Jang Yul
Published: March 2009

Corrosion-resistant nickel-based Alloy 600 is susceptible to a lead-induced stress
corrosion cracking (PbSCC) in aqueous solutions. The lead species incorporated into the oxide at
the alloy surface degraded the passivity, and caused the PbSCC. Effects of lead on the properties of
the surface passive films were investigated. The cross sections of the surface films were examined
by the transmission electron microscopy and the species present in the films were analyzed with the
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In-depth
concentration profiles of the species were analyzed by using an ion sputtering technique. The
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to characterize the electrochemical
behaviors. Effectiveness of a nickel boride inhibitor was evaluated. The boride inhibitor altered the
properties of the passive film, and significantly reduced the susceptibility to the PbSCC.
Fabrication of Chemiluminescence Sensor Based on the Funcinalized MWCNT-Nafion Composite Film
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , Oh Ji Hoon , Yoo Bong , Jung Da Jung , Piao Ming Hua , Choi Seong Ho
Published: March 2009

Tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)3
2+) electrogerated chemiluminescence (ECL)
sensor was fabricated by immobilization of Ru(bpy)3
2+) complex on the functionalized
MWCNT-Nafion composite film coated on surface of glass carbon electrode. The functionalized
MWCNT was prepared by coating of polythiophene (PTh), polyaniline (PANI), and poly(3-thiophene
acetic acid) [P(3-TAA)] on the surface of the carboxylic acid-modified MWCNT. The sensitivity and
reproducibility of the prepared ECL sensor to tripropylamine (TPA) was evaluated. As results, the
carboxylic acid-modified MWNT composite electrode was high sensitivity and good reproducibility
than that of other functionalized MWNT composite electrode.
H2 Sensing Performance of TiO2-Based Diode-Type Sensors
Authors: Shimizu Yasuhiro , Sakamoto Keiko , Nakaoka Masaki , Hyodo Takeo , Egashira Makoto
Published: March 2009

H2 sensing properties of anodic TiO2 films equipped with Pd or Pd-Pt alloy electrodes
has been investigated in air and in N2 atmosphere at 250°C and room temperature. The use of a
Pd-Pt alloy electrode and a Pt paste improved the magnitude of H2 response, response time, stability
and pretreatment- and atmosphere-dependent response properties under humid environments.
A Planar Dielectrophoretic Microdevice for Particle Manipulation
Authors: Teng Q.Z. , Zhang Xian Zhou , Li Wei Hua , Chen Da Feng , Du He Jun
Published: March 2009

This paper presents both theoretical and experimental study of particle motion in a typical
interdigitated electrode array. Both finite element method and numerical simulation were performed
to predict the movement of particles. The simulation results indicated that the particle motion and
separation behaviors strongly depend on the combined contributions of a number of parameters, such
as the frequency of the electric field, applied voltage, dielectric properties of the particles and the
surrounding medium.
Multifunctional Materials via Molecular Self-Organization into Liquid-Crystalline Phase
Authors: Tam-Chang Suk Wah , Mahinay Delfin , Huang Li Ming
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we described the synthesis of N,N’-di-(2-ammoniumethyl)perylene-
3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) ditrifluoroacetate (1), an ionic organic compound that self-organized to
give chromonic liquid crystals and anisotropic crystals. Using a polymer template with
micrometer-scale features to direct the ordered arrangement of 1, patterned structure with
micrometer-scale local order was fabricated. The anisotropic (direction-dependent) properties of
the crystals and micropatterns of 1 were investigated.
Cellular Morphology, Peel Strength and Thermal Conductivity for Wood/NR and Expanded EPDM Laminates for Roofing Applications
Authors: Yamsaengsung W. , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: March 2009

Melt-laminates of wood/NR and expanded ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber (EPDM)
were prepared for rubber composite roofs. The ethylene-propylene bound OBSH (EPR-b-OBSH)
blowing agent was introduced as an effective blowing agent in the EPDM layer and the foam
property results were compared with the pure OBSH blowing agent. It was found that the EPR-b-
OBSH gave expanded EPDM layer with a larger number of more uniform cells. The optimum
concentration for EPR-b-OBSH blowing agent for achieving the maximum peel strength and for
lowering the thermal conductivity of the wood/NR-eEPDM laminate was 3.0phr.
The Influence of Aging Treatments on the Notched Tensile Strength of Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Laser Welds
Authors: Tsay Lv Wen , Lee C.X. , Chung W.C. , Chen C.
Published: March 2009

Notched tensile tests were performed to evaluate the presence of notch on the tensile
strength of Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn laser welds, which were post-weld aged at different temperatures.
Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn laser welds showed notch brittleness except for the welds aged at/above 704 oC. Fine
acicular α uniformly distributed in β matrix in the fusion zone accounted for the high hardness (Hv
440) as compared with mill-annealed base metal. Overaging at/above 704 oC resulted in coarsening
the microstructures and decreased notch brittleness. The fracture features of the weld were strongly
affected by the orientation of the solidified structures with respect to the crack growth direction.
Formation of Chemical Elements under Superdeep Penetration of Lead Microparticles in Ferrous Target
Authors: Sobolev Valeriy V. , Usherenko S.M.
Published: March 2009

The results of experimental research of physical and chemical transformations in a
ferrous target, caused by intensive deformation mobility of its structural elements for times of
shock-wave treatment (∼10–3 sec), at simultaneous development of process of superdeep penetration
of lead microparticles are represented.
Micro-Forming of Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 Metallic Glasses in Supercooled Region
Authors: Tang C.W. , Chang Y.C. , Wu T.T. , Huang J.C. , Pan C.T.
Published: March 2009

This study presents the hot embossing micro-forming of the V-groove and micro-lens
array on the Au-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The thermal and thermomechanical properties
were firstly investigated by using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Based on the results, the
temperature of the hot embossing experiment was set at 177oC. The formability of the Au-based
BMGs were evaluated under different embossing pressures and time durations, and the results
showed the increasing trend of the forming quality with increasing forming pressure and time. The
Au-based BMGs are considered to be promising for micro-electro-mechanical system applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Epoxy with Improved Processability
Authors: Tian Qiao , Yuan Yan Chao , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: March 2009

For purposes of developing a novel epoxy with low viscosity and high activity,
N,N-diglycidyl-furfurlamine (DGFA) was successfully synthesized through a two-step reaction
between 2-furfurylamine and epichlorohydrin involving ring-opening and ring-closure mechanisms.
The product structure was verified by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis,
respectively. Its viscosity was found to be 0.02 Pa·s at 25oC. To understand its curing behavior,
exothermic habit of the model mixture of DGFA and the curing agent methylhexahydrophthalic
anhydride (MHHPA) at stoichiometric ratio of epoxy ring/anhydride of 1:0.8 was inspected with
DSC. By changing the heating rates from 2.5 to 15oC/min, activation energy for consolidation of the
resin was estimated to be 46.2 kJ/mol, which is much lower than the value involved in curing of
diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A catalyzed by anhydride. Besides, thermal decomposition performance
of cured version of the newly synthesized epoxy was also examined. The predominant pyrolysis took
place at around 330-390oC as a result of chain scission of epoxy. The cured resin possesses
comparable mechanical properties as conventional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. Its flexural
strength and modulus are 111MPa and 3.6GPa, respectively. Evidently, the resultant epoxy is
provided with balanced properties for practical applications.
Fabrication of Titania Film on NiTi Alloy by a Deposition-Assisted Advanced Oxidation Method
Authors: Chu C.L. , Hu T. , Wu S.L. , Chung C.Y. , Yeung K.W.K. , Chu Paul K.
Published: March 2009

A graded titania film was formed on chemically polished NiTi shape memory alloy
(SMA) by a novel deposition-assisted advanced oxidation method in a modified Fenton’s reagent
containing titanium tetrachloride and then characterized by SEM and XPS. The effects of the
titania film on leaching of harmful Ni ions from the NiTi substrate in simulated body fluids (SBF) is
assessed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The results indicate that a
thick and dense titania film was successfully fabricated in this in situ advanced oxidation reaction
assisted with an additional deposition process by the hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride on NiTi.
The titania film can dramatically reduces Ni leaching from NiTi. XPS depth profiles show that the
film possesses a smooth graded interfacial structure that boost mechanical stability.
Preparation and Properties of Nano-Silica Filled Self-Reinforced Polypropylene
Authors: Ruan Wen Hong , Zhang Ming Qiu , Wang Ming Hui , Rong Min Zhi , Bárány Tamás , Czigány Tibor
Published: March 2009

To improve the properties of polypropylene (PP), a new route that combines nanoparticles
filling with self-reinforced technique was applied in this work. That is, nano-silica particles were
firstly modified by graft polymerization to increase interfacial interaction between nanoparticles and
matrix. Then the grafted nanoparticles were melt-compounded with PP producing composites sheets,
and the sheets were stretched under a temperature slight lower than the melt point of PP at a constant
velocity. Finally, the stretched sheets were film-stacked with random PP copolymer by a special
designed mold and were hot pressd at different processing temperature (T=150-175°C) and holding
pressure (2.0-5.0MPa) under constant holding time of 5min. The resultant self-reinforced
nanocomposite are much stronger and stiffer than the unfilled polymer as characterized by mechanical
test. The results show that the optimum processing conditions for hot consolidation are 160°C and
2.5MPa. Addition of nanoparticles increases crystallinity of PP, and induces the formation of craze
and cause much more surrounding matrix polymer to involve in large-scale plastic deformation,
which might ensure an overall improvement of mechanical properties.
Effect of Flame Retardant on Mechanical Properties and Flammability of Sisal/PP Composites
Authors: Suppakarn Nitinat , Jarukumjorn Kasama , Tananimit Saowapa
Published: March 2009

Due to environmental reasons and their acceptable mechanical properties, natural fiber
based polymer composites have been increasingly used in various applications, e.g. housing
materials, automotive parts. However, their low thermal resistance and fire behavior limit the use
of these materials. In this work, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), as a flame retardant, was
incorporated into sisal/polypropylene composites. Ratio of sisal fiber to Mg(OH)2 in each
composite sample was varied. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was also used to
improve the interface of polypropylene and fillers. Flammability and thermal behavior of the
composites were examined using a horizontal burning test and thermo gravimetric analyzer,
respectively. Morphology and mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated.
Application of Schottky Bulk-Layer Design on Double-Heterojunction Pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs High Electron Mobility Transistors (DH-HEMTs)
Authors: Hsu Meng Kai , Tsai Jung Hui , Chiu Shao Yen , Wu Chung Hsien , Liang Kum Chieh , Liu Kang Ping , Huang Tze Shuan , Lour Wen Shiung
Published: March 2009

In this work, an application of wide-gap updoed-Al0.22Ga0.78As bulk to perform the
field-plate gate (FP-gate) on Al0.22Ga0.78As/In16Ga84As/Al0.22Ga0.78As DH-HEMTs was investigated.
The simulated FPG-devices with a bulk thickness of 1200 Å, exhibit an excellent dispersing
property to the electric field peak under gate electrode near to drain side, hence, the breakdown
characteristics were effectively improved. Measured gate-diode performance of FPG-device
presents a higher breakdown voltage (VBR) of -25.5 V than devices with single recess (SRG-device).
Enhancement of device breakdown is contributive to microwave power performances. At 2.4 GHz
load-pull measurement of studied devices which were biased at class AB operation, the saturated
output power (POUT), power gain (GP) and power-added efficiency (PAE) were 13.06 dBm (202
mW/mm), 12.8 db and 47.3% for FPG-device. These measured results of SRG-device were 10.3
dBm(107 mW/mm), 13.2 db and 38.5%, According to the simulated results, FPG-devices
structuring with a bulk layer exhibit excellent performance for high breakdown and microwave
power operation.
Superdeep Penetration of the Microparticles Accelerated by Explosion in Metals and Alloys of Iron
Authors: Korshunov L.G. , Zeldovich V.I. , Usherenko Sergey , Kheifets A.E. , Khomskaya Irina V. , Chernenko N.L. , Frolova N.Y.
Published: March 2009

Features of penetration into copper barrier and in the barrier made of iron alloys are
viewed. At creation of "channel" elements initiation is viewed. Regulation of superdeep penetration
due to preliminary refrigeration strikers and barrier up to-1960С is shown. Expenses of energy for
superdeep penetration are reduced ≈ 180 times.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Porphyrin/TiO2 Complexes Activated by Visible Light
Authors: Chang Ming Yi , Chang Chen Yu , Hsieh Yung Hsu , Yao Kuo Shan , Cheng Ta Chih , Ho Chun Ta
Published: March 2009

The use of TiO2 as photocatalyst to degrade the organic compounds is an effective method
of oxidation process and has been widely studied in environmental engineering. However, TiO2
absorbed the UV light which is only small part of sunlight reaching earth surface to activate
photocatalytic procedure is a major disadvantage. Therefore, studies on the development of new TiO2
that its photocatalytic activity can be activated by visible light which is the major part of sunlight will
be valuable for field application. In this study, we evaluate the photocatalytic degrading efficiency of
porphyrins/TiO2 complexes on the organic pollutants under irradiation with visible light (λ= 419 nm).
The results showed that the photodecomposition efficiency of methylene blue were up to 95% and
90% respectively after using NiTPP/TiO2 and ZnTPP/TiO2 irradiated with visible light for 6 h. These
evidences reveal that the system of porphyrin/TiO2 complexes has significantly high efficiency of
photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation.
A NOx Sensor Based on Solid-Electrolyte Impedance Transducer
Authors: Shimizu Youichi , Takase Satoko , Koba Daisuke
Published: March 2009

A new solid-electrolyte impedance-metric NOx sensor device composed of a lithium ionic
solid electrolyte: Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) as a transducer and ceramic oxides (perovskite-type
oxides, TiO2, SnO2, etc) as a receptor, respectively, have been systematically investigated for the
detection of NOx (NO and NO2 ) in the range 10 – 200 ppm at 400 - 500°C. Responses of the sensors
were able to divide component between resistance and capacitance, and it was found that the device
was applicable to the selective detection of NO or NO2 concentration in each ingredient. Especially,
those using TiO2, SnO2 (n-type semiconductor) and perovskite-type oxides (LaCoO3, LaNiO3 and
LaCrO3) based receptors gave good responses to NO and NO2. It was also found that the responses
were different between n-type or p-type semiconductors, in which we tried to elucidate the sensing
mechanism
Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sisal/Glass Fiber-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Jarukumjorn Kasama , Suppakarn Nitinat , Kluengsamrong Jongrak
Published: March 2009

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites became more attractive due to their light
weight, high specific strength, biodegradability. However, some limitations e.g. low modulus, poor
moisture resistance were reported. The mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites
can be improved by hybridization with synthetic fibers such as glass fiber. In this research,
mechanical properties of short sisal-PP composites and short sisal/glass fiber hybrid composites
were studied. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as a
compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility between the fibers and polypropylene. Effect of weight
ratio of sisal and glass fiber at 30 % by weight on the mechanical properties of the composites was
investigated. Morphology of fracture surface of each composite was also observed.
Structural Transition of Stabilized Martensite in CuZnAl Alloy
Authors: Li Z. , Xiao Z.A. , Xiao Z.
Published: March 2009

The martensite stabilization in Cu72Zn13Al15 (at %) alloy on heating at a heating rate of
5°C/min has been studied. During heating, the transition of the lattice parameters of the stabilized
martensite is that lattice parameters a and c increase, b decreases and monoclinic angle β tends to
90º, the abnormal re-relief and RSME take place. These phenomena in the alloy during heating are
irreversible and do not change upon air-cooling.
Light-Induced Functional VO2 Films
Authors: Liu Hui Min , Lysenko Sergiy , Rua Armando , Fernandez Felix
Published: March 2009

Ultrafast optical pump-probe technique employed in a degenerate-four-wave-mixing
configuration was used to study the light-induced optical property change during extremely short
time period of femtoseconds (fs) to picoseconds (ps) for VO2 thin films. Dramatic change in optical
properties serves as basis of light-induced functional materials in ultrafast applications. Upon light
illumination the structural change was identified as a phase transition (PT) from insulator to
metallic phases. After the light-induced PT a fast recovery process occurred, which was strongly
dependent on optical pump energy. It could be governed by pure electronic relaxation excluding
thermal contribution at sufficiently low excitation. The insulator and metallic phases are coexistent
exhibiting fluctuations of dielectric constants. Different desorption activity was monitored for
insulator and metallic VO2 thin solid films under femtosecond optical excitation.
Sound Transmission through Lightweight All-Metallic Sandwich Panels with Corrugated Cores
Authors: Xin Feng Xian , Lu T.J. , Chen Chang
Published: March 2009

The transmission of sound through all-metallic sandwich panels with corrugated cores is
investigated using the space-harmonic method. The sandwich panel is modeled as two parallel panels
connected by uniformly distributed translational springs and rotational springs, with the mass of the
core sheets taken as lumped mass. Based on the periodicity of the panel structure, a unit cell model is
developed to provide the effective translational and rotational stiffness of the core. The model is used
to investigate the influence of sound incidence angle and the inclination angle between facesheet and
core sheet on the sound transmission loss (STL) of the sandwich structure. The results show that the
inclination angle has a significant effect on STL, and sandwich panels with corrugated cores are more
suitable for the insulation of sound having small incidence angle.
Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of Sputtered Expitaxial Co3Pt/Pt Multilayer Films
Authors: Chen S.C. , Kuo Po Cheng , Shen Chih Long , Fang Y.H. , Hsu S.L.
Published: March 2009

Co3Pt films were deposited on Pt underlayers with various thicknesses by conventional
sputtering in order to investigate the effect of Pt underlayers and annealing temperatures on their
microstructure and the magnetic properties. From XRD and HRTEM analysises, as annealing at
300°C, a well epitaxial growth of Co3Pt (002) on Pt (111) underlayer that leads the film to present
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. However, Pt atoms in the Pt underlayer will diffuse seriously into
Co3Pt layer as the annealing temperature is increased to 375°C that changes the compositions to
approach equiatomic CoPt, and showing in-plane magnetic anisotropy with soft magnetic properties.
Tensile and Fatigue Testings of Hybrid Al/APC-2 Nanocomposite Laminates at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Jen Ming Hwa R. , Sung Yi Chun , Lai Yin Da
Published: March 2009

To deal with the stringent operational demands the aerospace structural materials of light weight
Aluminum alloy 2024 sheets and plies of carbon fibers reinforced thermoplastic matrix PEEK were
used to sustain at least 80% of their mechanical properties at elevated temperature. The addition of
nanoparticles SiO2 can enhance the composite laminate strength and stiffness. Also, Al 2024 sheets
were treated by an anodic method of electroplating to increase surface roughness to achieve perfectly
bonding with matrix PEEK. Then, the modified diaphragm curing process was adopted to make the
innovative hybrid Al/APC-2 hybrid nanocomposite laminates. Next, both static tensile and fatigue
tests were conducted at elevated temperature to obtain the mechanical properties, lives and failure
mechanisms to verify the improved features of hybrid specimens. From tensile tests the mechanical
properties of Al/APC-2 [4Al/0/±45/90/2Al]s hybrid laminates at elevated temperature were obtained.
Although there is a big drop at 150°C, the reduction in strength from RT to 125°C is generally not
significant. The longitudinal stiffness is almost unchanged at elevated temperature. After cyclic
tension-tension (T-T) tests, the positions of received S-N curves go downwards as temperature rising.
No delaminations were found in both tests. If the applied stress normalized by the ultimate strength at
corresponding temperature, the normalized S-N curves are closer with some curve positions reversed.
Significant improvement of manufacturing and enhancement of mechanical properties in hybrid
laminates were achieved finally.