bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Institucionalização do Atendimento aos Menores – O SAM
Authors: Amaral Tomé de Souza Fabíola
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar a arquitetura do Serviço de Assistência a Menores - SAM, criado em 1941 pelo governo federal para sistematizar, fiscalizar, regulamentar as verbas orçamentárias destinadas à Assistência Social e para ser um orientador técnico e pedagógico das instituições oficiais e privadas de atendimento ao menor desvalido e delinquente. Era um órgão burocrático e técnico que atendia às reivindicações da sociedade e à política de controle social instituída no país. O corpus documental utilizado para esta pesquisas foram jornais, legislações, livro-denúncia e os documentos produzidos em uma Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito, em 1956, criada para investigar denúncias a respeito do SAM. Ao analisar suas estruturas administrativa e de trabalho, juntamente com a burocracia em torno do atendimento ao menor, durante o período da primeira experiência democrática, foi possível perceber os avanços e os problemas em relação ao atendimento aos menores.
A noção de infância e adolescência:
Authors: Kuhn Junior Norberto , Birk de Mello Bárbara
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo pretende analisar as bases teóricas adotadas para tratar da noção de infância e de adolescência e como os direitos destes se instituem na América Latina, a partir da perspectiva colonial e decolonial. Com base em estudos bibliográficos, aponta-se o que é a colonialidade e o que são estudos decoloniais; aborda-se a construção da noção de infância e adolescência na Europa e como essa foi trazida à América Latina; analisa-se a construção dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes, principalmente a partir da ONU e do UNICEF, e como isso transferiu-se para a América Latina, em especial ao Brasil. As análises realizadas evidenciam que a construção europeia da noção de infância e adolescência e de seus direitos foi levada à América Latina e se mantém através, principalmente, da colonialidade do poder, do ser, do corpo e do saber implicando em uma formulação e padronização dos sujeitos aos moldes eurocêntricos.
A “mocidade brasileira” em formação: concepções e investimentos sobre os corpos jovens
Authors: Bercito Sonia Deus Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940 no Brasil, discursos que tinham como foco a infância e a juventude oriundos de dois campos diferentes se encontravam na intenção de formar corpos fortes, dóceis e disciplinados. A Educação Física oferecia uma visão militarizada no âmbito do estado autoritário e de seu projeto de construção nacional. Somava-se a isso o discurso dos primeiros médicos do trabalho que colocava em evidência a necessidade de cuidar e proteger os organismos em formação de crianças e jovens cuja presença nas fábricas exigia cuidados específicos. A partir dos investimentos sobre o físico, pretendia-se modelar o seu caráter. A disciplinarização do corpo levaria à do espírito, à obediência e ao controle da vontade.
Impact of the Association Between PNPLA3 Genetic Variation and Dietary Intake on the Risk of Significant Fibrosis in Patients With NAFLD
Authors: Vilar-Gomez Eduardo , Pirola Carlos Jose , Sookoian Silvia , Wilson Laura A. , Belt Patricia , Liang Tiebing , Liu Wanqing , Chalasani Naga
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

This study explored the relationship between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3 rs738409), nutrient intake, and liver histology severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODS:

PNPLA3-rs738409 variant was genotyped in 452 non-Hispanic whites with histologically confirmed NAFLD who completed Food Frequency Questionnaire within 6 months of their liver biopsy. The fibrosis severity on liver histology was the outcome of interest.

RESULTS:

The distribution of PNPLA3 genotypes was CC: 28%, CG: 46%, and GG: 25%. High-carbohydrate (% of energy/d) intake was positively associated (adjusted [Adj] odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, P < 0.01), whereas higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) (g/d) (Adj. OR: 0.17, P < 0.01), isoflavones (mg/d) (Adj. OR: 0.74, P = 0.049), methionine (mg/d) (Adj. OR: 0.32, P < 0.01), and choline (mg/d) (Adj. OR: 0.32, P < 0.01) intakes were inversely associated with increased risk of significant fibrosis (stage of fibrosis ≥2). By using an additive model of inheritance, our moderation analysis showed that PNPLA3 rs738409 significantly modulates the relationship between carbohydrate (%), n-3 PUFAs, total isoflavones, methionine, and choline intakes and fibrosis severity in a dose-dependent, genotype manner. These dietary factors tended to have a larger and significant effect on fibrosis severity among rs738409 G-allele carriers. Associations between significant fibrosis and carbohydrates (Adj. OR: 1.04, P = 0.019), n-3 PUFAs (Adj. OR: 0.16, P < 0.01), isoflavones (Adj. OR: 0.65, P = 0.025), methionine (Adj. OR: 0.30, P < 0.01), and total choline (Adj. OR: 0.29, P < 0.01) intakes remained significant only among rs738409 G-allele carriers.

DISCUSSION:

This gene-diet interaction study suggests that PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele might modulate the effect of specific dietary nutrients on risk of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
From self-study to studying the self: a collaborative autoethnography of
language educators as informal language learners
Authors: Alm Antonie , Ohashi Louise
Published: December 2020

This article reports on an autoethnography by two authors who analysed
the interrelationship of their experiences as foreign language learners,
educators, and researchers. Both participant-researchers had taken advantage
of the accessibility of online learning resources to learn new languages,
had incorporated digital tools into their teaching practices, and had
researched how technology could be used as a learning aid for students
inside and outside the classroom. In this collaborative autoethnography,
they turned the research lens upon themselves and each other to develop
understandings of the way their experiences as language learners and
researchers impacted upon their teacher cognition and teaching
practices.
Understanding the use of eye-tracking recordings to measure and classify
reading ability in elementary children school
Authors: Fayed Karim , Franken Birgit , Berkling Kay
Published: December 2020

The iRead EU Project has released literacy games for Spanish, German,
Greek, and English for L1 and L2 acquisition. In order to understand the
impact of these games on reading skills for L1 German pupils, the authors
employed an eye-tracking recording of pupils’ readings on a weekly basis as
part of an after-school reading club. This work seeks to first understand
how to interpret the eye-tracker data for such a study. Five pupils
participated in the project and read short texts over the course of five
weeks. The resulting data set was extensive enough to perform preliminary
analysis on how to use the eye-tracking data to provide information on skill
acquisition looking at pupils’ reading accuracy and speed. Given our set-up,
we can show that the eye-tracker is accurate enough to measure relative
reading speed between long and short vowels for selected 2-syllable words.
As a result, eye-tracking data can visualize three different types of
beginning readers: memorizers, pattern learners, and those with reading
problems.
Exploring the L2 learning benefits of digital game-based spoken interaction among Japanese learners of English
Authors: Hofmeyr Michael
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the initial findings of an exploratory research project investigating the use of the cooperative digital puzzle game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes as a means to facilitate Second Language Acquisition (SLA). A qualitative case study approach was taken to closely examine the linguistic interaction between three L2 learners of English at a Japanese university who played the game over four one-hour sessions. The findings include clear examples of learners negotiating for meaning and making use of a range of discourse strategies theorised to contribute to effective language learning within an interactionist SLA framework. By demonstrating that the learner-to-learner interaction evoked by this game can set in motion multiple processes linked to L2 development, the results suggest that the game, as well as others that make use of a similar information-gap mechanic, could be effectively put to use for language learning and teaching purposes in a variety of formal and informal educational contexts.
Connecting cultures and participation through WhatsApp: assessing
students’ perception in the ClerKing telecollaborative project
Authors: Madden Oneil , Foucher Anne-Laure
Published: December 2020

Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) has become very trendy in the field of
language learning; however, while there are many studies that include
WhatsApp, used here to connect cultures and/or widen participation, very few
articulate how students view it or its impact in acquiring and developing
linguistic, cultural, and intercultural competencies. This paper reports on
ClerKing, a Franco-Jamaican telecollaborative project, which occurred in two
phases between Applied Foreign Languages (AFL) students from University
Clermont Auvergne (UCA), France, and Modern Languages students of French
from Shortwood Teachers’ College (STC), Jamaica. WhatsApp was used in both
phases. Using the exploratory approach, this study seeks to provide insight
into students’ perception of the use of WhatsApp in the project, as well as
possible moments of knowledge acquisition. Preliminary findings show that
WhatsApp is considered to be practical, popular, and preferable. Students
acquired knowledge about religion and homosexuality, improved on
expressions, and strengthened their grammar.
L2 Extensive reading: online graded readers or ‘old school’
paperbacks?
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Tsuji Saori
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate (1) students’
interest in reading English books, (2) students’ interest in using an online
Virtual Library (VL), and (3) students’ experiences and preferences relating
to the implementation of an online VL within an Academic English Program
(AEP). First-year students (N=136) from a public university in southwest
Japan participated in this study. The preliminary results provide a deeper
understanding of student interest, experiences, and preferences relating to
the implementation of a VL within an AEP.
Fostering critical thinking skills among future teachers
Authors:   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University, Milto Liudmyla , Sultanova Leyla ,   National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Dubrovina Irina ,   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University
Published: December 2020

Today, a person who thinks critically is able to conduct a dialogue, determine the nature of any problem and find alternative solutions, and distinguish fact from assumption. This person is not afraid to question established opinions and judgments. That is why such kind of people are considered to be competitive and in demand on the labor market. The article, based on modern scientific positions, reveals the meaning of “critical thinking”. The development of critical thinking is based on observation skills; on the ability to ask questions and find the necessary resources; on the ability to check beliefs, assumptions and opinions, contrary to the evidence; on the ability to distinguish and identify a problem; on the ability to assess the validity of statements and arguments; and on the ability to find and make smart decisions, and understand the logic and logical arguments. The authors of the article found that the process of solving pedagogical problems was the basic unit of critical thinking skills among future teachers. The availability of critical thinking skills among future teachers is determined by using a critical thinking test, developed by Lauren Starkey, an American author (Starkey, 2004). The analysis of the survey results shows that the majority of respondents have an average level of critical thinking skills. The average level of critical thinking skills indicates that an average future teacher’s forms of thinking are unevenly developed. That is why it is difficult for a future teacher to make important decisions. We propose to foster critical thinking skills by solving pedagogical problems, which involves the use of modern interactive forms, methods and techniques of teaching.
Learning analytics in synchronous online education: Making video conferencing more data-driven and interactivity-focused
Authors:   Acadly, Vashisht Vaibhav , Gautam Prashant ,   Acadly
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 has been a turning point for online learning across the world, but the remarkable story has been the meteoric growth of synchronous or “live” online education. As instructors around the world have turned to video conferencing platforms to teach, a lot of instructor feedback has recently emerged on a variety of topics. One of the key emerging issues for instructors and institutions has been extracting and consolidating data on student engagement and learning outcomes. This paper attempts to identify and classify the types of learning data required to understand student learning behavior in synchronous (or “live”) online classes based on a multitude of factors such as immediacy, consolidation, and availability to different stakeholders at different points in time. Further, an attempt is made to assess how popular video conferencing platforms address the issues of data generation, presentation, and collation. Lastly, the paper also proposes an alternative approach that can potentially help create data in an easier, more efficient manner.
Building a sense of community in online courses
Authors:   Akita International University, Dougherty Patrick , Shinozaki Dougherty Aya ,   Akita Prefectural University
Published: December 2020

From the first months of 2020, COVID-19 transformed the landscape of education world-wide. Numerous educational institutions were forced due to the circumstances of the pandemic to move their courses online. This was the case at Akita International University in Akita, Japan. As the semester came to a close in July 2020, students were given an opportunity to reflect on their experiences with online education via end-of-term course evaluations, focus groups, and public meetings with university administration. From the results of these opportunities to share experiences in remote and virtual education, the authors were reminded that online learning can be a lonesome endeavor. However, it does not need to be this way. A sense of community, camaraderie, and shared purpose can be developed within the online teaching and learning environment. This article will offer suggestions generated from the authors’ experience. All suggestions have the authenticity of having been successfully utilized in the authors’ online classrooms.
Learning to Synchronize: Midfrontal Theta Dynamics during Rule Switching
Authors: Verbeke Pieter , Ergo Kate , De Loof Esther , Verguts Tom
Published: December 2020

In recent years, several hierarchical extensions of well-known learning algorithms have been proposed. For example, when stimulus-action mappings vary across time or context, the brain may learn two or more stimulus-action mappings in separate modules, and additionally (at a hierarchically higher level) learn to appropriately switch between those modules. However, how the brain mechanistically coordinates neural communication to implement such hierarchical learning remains unknown. Therefore, the current study tests a recent computational model that proposed how midfrontal theta oscillations implement such hierarchical learning via the principle of binding by synchrony (Sync model). More specifically, the Sync model uses bursts at theta frequency to flexibly bind appropriate task modules by synchrony. The 64-channel EEG signal was recorded while 27 human subjects (female: 21, male: 6) performed a probabilistic reversal learning task. In line with the Sync model, postfeedback theta power showed a linear relationship with negative prediction errors, but not with positive prediction errors. This relationship was especially pronounced for subjects with better behavioral fit (measured via Akaike information criterion) of the Sync model. Also consistent with Sync model simulations, theta phase-coupling between midfrontal electrodes and temporoparietal electrodes was stronger after negative feedback. Our data suggest that the brain uses theta power and synchronization for flexibly switching between task rule modules, as is useful, for example, when multiple stimulus-action mappings must be retained and used.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEveryday life requires flexibility in switching between several rules. A key question in understanding this ability is how the brain mechanistically coordinates such switches. The current study tests a recent computational framework (Sync model) that proposed how midfrontal theta oscillations coordinate activity in hierarchically lower task-related areas. In line with predictions of this Sync model, midfrontal theta power was stronger when rule switches were most likely (strong negative prediction error), especially in subjects who obtained a better model fit. Additionally, also theta phase connectivity between midfrontal and task-related areas was increased after negative feedback. Thus, the data provided support for the hypothesis that the brain uses theta power and synchronization for flexibly switching between rules.
Valoración territorial da proposta de traslado dunha oficina de farmacia en Galicia. Un estudo de caso de Xeografía Aplicada
Authors: Miramontes Carballada Ángel
Published: December 2020

A creación ou traslado dun servizo sempre ten unha serie de repercusións territoriais, pero se ademais se trata dunha farmacia que para exercer a súa actividade ten que cumprir unha serie de condicionantes vinculados ao número de habitantes, á distancia, etcétera, as consecuencias territoriais poden ser variadas. Por iso, a finalidade deste traballo é amosar a repercusión territorial que ocasionaría o traslado voluntario dunha oficina de farmacia dentro do Concello da Estrada (Pontevedra), entendendo como repercusión territorial a súa influencia nas características demográficas, sociais, económicas e de mobilidade da poboación deste espazo do interior de Galicia, así como sobre o servizo básico de distribución de  medicamentos á poboación. Para acadar este obxectivo, realizouse un exhaustivo traballo de campo e unha análise de toda a información territorial dispoñible sobre as actuacións que se realizarán, desde o punto de vista de planificación e desenvolvemento territorial, no concello. Unha das conclusións alcanzadas foi comprobar como os límites ou as fronteiras que se crean en ocasións desde a Administración non sempre son as máis eficientes en relación coas características do territorio nin dan o mellor servizo á poboación (áreas educativas, farmacéuticas ou sanitarias).
La respuesta de modelos espectrales de olas en condiciones de huracanes intensos en el golfo de México
Authors: Mora Escalante Rodney Eduardo , Lizano Rodríguez Omar Gerardo
Published: December 2020

Se evaluó la respuesta de dos modelos numéricos de oleaje de tercera generación en condiciones de viento extremo, un modelo de oleaje de aguas profundas, WAVEWATCH III y un modelo de olas de aguas someras, SWAN. El objetivo general del trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de dos modelos espectrales de olas para representar las condiciones de altura de oleaje de un huracán con viento generado por dos tipos de modelos de viento: uno paramétrico y otro dinámico. Se realizó 4 experimentos con huracanes mayores e históricos que atravesaron el golfo de México (Lili 2002, Iván 2004, Rita 2005 y Gustav 2008). Para comparar los resultados de los modelos se utilizó datos observados de rapidez del viento y altura de oleaje de boyas de la National Data Buoy Center y se evalúa con parámetros estadísticos. Los resultados mostraron que al usar el campo de viento del modelo paramétrico en los modelos SWAN y WAVEWATCH III, ambos tienden a representar los máximos de altura significante del oleaje con lo observado, cuando la trayectoria de la tormenta pasa cerca de la boya de registro (< 400 km). El modelo WAVEWATCH III forzado con el campo de viento del modelo WRF tiende a subestimar el máximo de altura de oleaje observado. La estadística evaluada y las series temporales de rapidez de viento y altura de oleaje, mostró que el modelo SWAN y el modelo WAVEWATCH III forzados con el modelo paramétrico HURWIN son adecuados en la simulación de oleaje en condiciones de huracanes mayores.
Polipirolo sluoksnio formavimo ypatumų ir urino rūgšties molekulinių įspaudų susidarymo tyrimai
Authors:   , Sinkevičius Linas
Published: December 2020

Investigation of polypyrrole layer formation peculiarities and formation of uric acid molecular imprints
Educational Competence in the Inclusion of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Early and Pre-school Education Institution
Authors: Sunko Esmeralda , Rogulj Edita , Živković Ana
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on the analysis of the conditions for inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders in early and pre-school education by kindergartens teacher. The conditions relate to estimates of theoretical knowledge and attitudes of the educator, assessment of abilities and limitations of children with autism spectrum disorders, self-assessment of the competences of educators for their upbringing and education and assessment of other conditions for the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders. The survey results were analyzed by a questionnaire of 68 educators from 6 kindergartens in town of Split. There is a central level of knowledge about inclusion and low self-assessment of educators about their competence in which they are active participants in the inclusion of children with a disorder of the autism spectrum. Attractive factors for the implementation of inclusive education of children with autism spectrum disorder evaluated: inconsistent assurance of nursery assistants, lack of competent educators, and insufficient co-operation with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. The analysis points to the lack of systematic education of educators for inclusive educational practice. The authors exclude the importance of the knowledge and skills of educators in the area of ​​information communication technology, particularly augmentative and alternative communication.Key words: children with autistic spectrum disorder; information communication technology; competence of the educator; Educational and Teaching Inclusion
Teacher Leadership Effects on Student Achievement and Student Satisfaction: A Meta Analysis on the Studies Published in Turkey and USA
Authors: UYSAL ŞENGÜL , SARIER YILMAZ
Published: December 2020

Teacher leadership has grown in importance over the past decades and the growing interest results in the studies presenting direct and indirect impacts on school improvement processes and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of teacher leadership on student achievement and student satisfaction.  The methodology involved an analysis of 22 published studies of the relationship between teacher leadership and student achievement with student satisfaction. The meta-analysis involved a comparison of the effects of teacher leadership on student achievement and student satisfaction in Turkey and USA. The results indicated that the average effect of teacher leadership on student achievement is modest and positive and it is strong and positive on student satisfaction. Comparing the countries, in Turkey the average effect of teacher leadership on student satisfaction is much stronger than it is in USA.
The Application of Art-Expressive Techniques on Children with Chronic Disease in the Field of Education and Rehabilitation
Authors: Kudek Mirošević Jasna
Published: December 2020

During the past two decades the integrative approach which includes art-expressive techniques to encourage awareness and social and emotional development has begun to develop more intensely in the field of applied education and rehabilitation sciences. Within the framework of childhood chronic diseases, the field of psychosocial oncology has particular significance for the expansion of professional competences and the development of interdisciplinary communication. The experiences from paediatric oncology show that facing a disease and understanding its state is very traumatic and stressful experience for the child. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of the influence of art-expressive techniques through the application of different media as an integrative approach. The paper aims to highlight the significance of art-expressive techniques applied to children suffering from malignant diseases in facing the physical and emotional stress during hospitalization. The implementation of art-expressive techniques took place in the paediatric ward for haematology and oncology of the Clinic for Children's Diseases in Zagreb. The significance of the psychosocial support is emphasized through the application of children's stories, drawings and pictures which can help the child's emotional state. The results of the monitoring of the applied techniques indicated a positive effect on children who suffer pain and existential tension. Key words: integrative approach; malignant diseases in childhood; psychosocial support; supportive and therapeutic interventions
Music Textbooks and Manuals in Zagreb in the Last Two Decades of the 19th Century Represented by Vjenceslav Novak’s Work: a Contribution to the History of Music Pedagogy
Authors: Benić Zovko Marija
Published: December 2020

There has not been a lot of musicological research on the 19th century music textbooks and manuals as historical sources for the development of musical didactics and pedagogy of the time. Vjenceslav Novak’s textbook Introduction to Music Harmony, intended for students of the teachers’ school, is being analysed in correlation with Novak’s text published in the report of Music Institute’s school in 1891. Both the text and the textbook made significant contributions to the definition of theory of music (especially a part of it the author refers to as “basic theory of music”), defining pedagogical and didactical principles of teaching, and to the making of a comprehensive curriculum for theoretical disciplines. The author found the meaning and purpose of these disciplines in aesthetics, and the ultimate purpose of music in knowing God. In this sense he viewed the educational process as a path from the practical to the speculative. The textbook is also a reflection of the sociopolitical circumstances it was written in. Aesthetical and theological principles of Novak’s concept of theory of music enabled teaching to be a medium for religious and moral upbringing, and the use of folk songs gave it the necessary element of national consciousness. Key words: aesthetics; Mažuranić’s law; Music Institute; teachers’ school; theory of music
Experiencing Folk Music in Children
Authors: Zalar Konstanca
Published: December 2020

Through everyday exposure to language and music, individuals within a nation become sensitive to the melodic and rhythmical structure of their folk musical culture. It represents improvisational abilities of individuals and groups as well. Despite all changes, it indisputably maintains all characteristic of music parameters as inheritance of past ages. Due to its social role, it appears throughout everyone’s life – and it also represents an important part of children’s life. In the study that was carried out with two groups of children between six and nine years of age, we were interested in determining how do children experience music making with elements of folk music and how it is possible to create the circumstances which can provide the spontaneity of folk music within the structured environment (like primary school). The research was designed as a phenomenological case study. This method allowed us to gather data which provided a deeper insight into the ways in which participants are able to play using elements of folk music and the way they feel while using such material. The results show that, contrary to the basic fact of spontaneity in folk music, 6 and 7 year old participants were not able to use music parameters to play with and had yet to learn how does the symbolic play on the basis of communication in musical language work out. The most natural way to bridge the gap between “learning” songs and experiencing individual musical expression in a manner of folk music in children seems to be a creative work with lyrics in Slovene language. We also found that children develop social competences of a great value, when they are involved in a symbolic play with folk music elements in the improvisational mode.  Key words: folk music; improvisation; music language; music making
The Effect of Coding on Students’ Visual-spatial Reasoning Skills
Authors: Atasoy Ramazan , Özden Celalettin
Published: December 2020

This work aimed to examine the effects of coding utilization in the technology anddesign course on students’ visual-spatial reasoning skills. The study is based on asequential mixed-method design. The quantitative dimension of the research wasconducted in a random experimental pattern, with the implemented pre-test and posttestin the control group; the qualitative dimension utilized the interview technique.The reserarch sample included students of Şehit Hüseyin Ruso Secondary School inNicosia, Northern Cyprus, in school year 2016 -2017. Visual–Spatial Reasoning Testdeveloped by the researcher was used for obtaining quantitative data, and a semistructuredinterview form for qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzedwith the use of the independent sampling t-test, Cohen’s d effect size coefficiency,and two-way variance analyses; content analysis was implemented for qualitativedata. It was established that spatial reasoning skills of the students who used codingare significantly different to those of students who did not use coding; experimentalgroup had a positive attitude toward the course and used their cognitive, sensory andpsychomotor skills on a high level. It can be said that coding is an important factor fordeveloping visual-spatial reasoning skills of students in this context.Keywords: coding; education; Scratch; skills; visual - spatial reasoning
New occurrences of Hoary Fox, Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842), and Pantanal Cat, Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) (Mammalia, Carnivora), in a Cerrado-Caatinga-Atlantic Forest ecotone in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Abra Fernanda D. , Garbino Guilherme S. T. , Prist Paula R. , Nascimento Fabio O. , Lemos Frederico G.
Published: December 2020

We present new records of Hoary Fox, Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842), and Pantanal Cat, Leopardus braccatus Cope, 1889, from a Cerrado-Caatinga-Atlantic Forest ecotone, Brazil. Records are based on three roadkilled specimens (two Hoary Foxes and one Pantanal Cat) from Vitória da Conquista, southern Bahia. Although highly anthropized, the region still holds a mosaic of Cerrado savannas and Caatinga seasonally dry forests. Our records expand the distribution of both species eastwards to southern Bahia and suggest that Leopardus braccatus may occur marginally in the Caatinga.
Finiteness of Record values and Alternative Asymptotic Theory of Records with Atom Endpoints
Authors: Lo Gane Samb , Sangaré Harouna , Traoré Cherif Mamadou Moctar , Ahsanullah Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Asymptotic theories on record values and times, including central limit theorems, make sense only if the sequence of records values (and of record times) is infinite. If not, such theories could not even be an option. In this paper, we give necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the finiteness of the number of records. We prove, for example for iid real valued random variable, that strong upper record values are finite if and only if the upper endpoint is finite and is an atom of the common cumulative distribution function. The only asymptotic study left to us concerns the infinite sequence of hitting times of that upper endpoints, which by the way, is the sequence of weak record times. The asymptotic characterizations are made using negative binomial random variables and the dimensional multinomial random variables. Asymptotic comparison in terms of consistency bounds and confidence intervals on the different sequences of hitting times are provided. The example of a binomial random variable is given.
A Bayesian sensitivity analysis of the effect of different random effects distributions on growth curve models
Authors: Ganjali Mojtaba , Baghfalaki Taban , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
Published: December 2020

Growth curve data consist of repeated measurements of a continuous growth process of human, animal, plant, microbial or bacterial genetic data over time in a population of individuals. A classical approach for analysing such data is the use of non-linear mixed effects models under normality assumption for the responses. But, sometimes the underlying population that the sample is extracted from is an abnormal population or includes some homogeneous sub-samples. So, detection of original properties of the population is an important scientific question of interest. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis of using different parametric and non-parametric distributions for the random effects on the results of applying non-linear mixed models is proposed for emphasizing the possible heterogeneity in the population. A Bayesian MCMC procedure is developed for parameter estimation and inference is performed via a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The methodology is illustrated using a real data set on study of influence of menarche on changes in body fat accretion.
Modeling the stress state of steel strip at roller levelling machine under cyclic alternating deformations
Authors: Kotov K. A. , Bolobanova N. L. , Nushtaev D. V.
Published: December 2020

The final stage in the production of hot rolled steel is leveling on roller levellers under cyclic alternating deformation. When laser is cutting a sheet it may bend due to the release of residual stresses that are unevenly distributed over the volume. The majority of roller leveller models for calculating the process under cyclic alternating deformation does not provide an adequate assessment and prediction of residual stresses in a steel sheet. On the basis of finite element analysis, formation of residual stresses owing to roller levelling of hot rolled strip is disclosed. The implementation of a model of the levelling process was performed in SIMULIA Abaqus. Models are verificated by comparing forces under the rollers. We have experimentally confirmed the convergence of the simulation results with the measurements of the strip flatness obtained after sheets plasma cutting. It was found that after levelling, tensile longitudinal residual stresses remain on the upper surface of the sheet, compressive ones remain on the lower surface, stresses are zero in the middle in thickness, and the stress values are opposite in sign in the remaining parts of the section. It was established that the same parameters of the levelling process of different strength categories lead to different deviations of stresses. An increase in yield strength of the strip leads to an increase in the deviation of residual stresses along the strip thickness. The proposed method of simulation of roller levelling process should be used to study the stress-strain state of hot-rolled steel and to design improved strip levelling setting modes with minimal residual stress deviations.
Impact of transportation on foundry coke quality
Authors: Pobegalova E. O. , Ivanova V. A.
Published: December 2020

The quality metrics of foundry coke are determined by testing at coke plants. Foundry coke consumers are foundry enterprises which are usually located far from the coke plants. Foundry coke is transported in bulk in open railway wagons. Therefore, this paper is aimed to determine the impact of transportation on the quality of foundry coke. The test conditions were as close as possible to real life conditions of foundry coke transportation. To estimate the impact of transportation distance we introduced the destruction index Pт (%). The results of experimental studies have shown that the destruction of foundry coke is not the same at different intervals of transportation. When transporting up to 300 km, the coke with the minimum durability index M40 is destroyed. When the distance is increased from 900 km up to 2500 km, the foundry coke destruction index (Pт , %) increases by 2.08 – 3.02 % depending on the batch. For all batches, a size fraction of less than 40 mm was noted depending on the durability index M40 from 0.25 to 1.41 %. The size fraction of more than 80 mm stays the same for foundry coke with higher durability indices. When the air humidity rises by 40 % during transportation, the amount of moisture in the coke samples of a 40 – 60 mm size fraction is more than 24 times higher than usual, a 60 – 80 mm size fraction – more than 17 times, an 80 mm and larger – more than 10 times. When the air humidity decreases by 34 %, the amount of moisture in a gram of coke of a 40 – 60 mm size fraction becomes 2 times lower than usual, a 60 – 80 mm size fraction – 1.26 times, an 80 mm and larger – 1.45 times. Compared to coke of size fractions 60 – 80 mm and 80 mm and larger, the moisture of the 40 – 60 mm size fraction coke grows faster when the air humidity increases as well.
Chemical reactions during iron reduction from oxides
Authors: Berdnikov V. I. , Gudim Yu. A.
Published: December 2020

The chemical process, accompanied by iron reduction from hematite, was modeled by computer program complex TERRA (product of MGTU im. N.E. Bauman). Carbon, hydrogen and methane were used as reducing agents. By varying the costs of reducing agents and process temperatures, equilibrium concentrations of the system components were determined. Change in these concentrations at the boundaries of individual temperature regions was regarded as a result of the passage of appropriate chemical reactions in them. At the same time, it was noted that the nonvariant type reactions begin and end at the same fixed temperatures. Calculations have shown that the conversion of Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 in all cases was thermodynamically possible at temperatures exceeding 65 °C. Therefore, at operating temperatures of the furnace it will be implemented without complications. The second stage of reduction also took place under a single scheme Fe3O4 → Fe, bypassing the participation of FeO oxide. The temperatures of beginning of iron reduction by components C, H2 and CH4 were respectively 680, 350 and 520 °C. In this case, there was only a direct reduction of iron by these components. An attempt to fix the fact of indirect reduction, using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent, was unsuccessful even with a large consumption of it. Carbon monoxide decomposed at low temperatures by the Bell-Boudoir reaction. Therefore, later iron was restored by means of “soot” carbon and that is also a direct method. In the final stage of the carbon thermal process, depending on the system composition, formation of iron carbide at 720 °C can occur with the possible subsequent conversion back to iron, as well as secondary oxidation of iron to form wustite. Carbon dioxide takes an active part in these reactions. Based on the results of calculations of chemical processes at high temperatures, a numerical assessment of the reducing (or oxidative) efficiency of all elements and components of the Fe – O – C – H system was given. This made it possible to predict with a high degree of reliability the phase composition of the reaction products at maximum process temperature (1500 °C).
Analysis and classification of tem¬perature measurements during melting and casting of alloys using neural networks
Authors: Fedosov A. V. , Chumachenko G. V.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the issues of monitoring the thermal conditions of alloys melting and casting at foundries. It is noted that the least reliable method is when the measurement and fixing the temperature is assigned to the worker. On the other hand, a fully automatic approach is not always available for small foundries. In this regard, the expediency of using an automated approach is shown, in which the measurement is assigned to the worker, and the values are recorded automatically. This method assumes implementation of an algorithm for automatic classification of temperature measurements based on an end-to-end array of data obtained in the production stream. The solving of this task is divided into three stages. Preparing of raw data for classification process is provided on the first stage. On the second stage, the task of measurement classification is solved by using neural network principles. Analysis of the results of the artificial neural network has shown its high efficiency and degree of their correspondence with the actual situation on the work site. It was also noted that the application of artificial neural networks principles makes the classification process flexible, due to the ability to easily supplement the process with new parameters and neurons. The final stage is analysis of the obtained results. Correctly performed data classification provides an opportunity not only to assess compliance with technological discipline at the site, but also to improve the process of identifying the causes of casting defects. Application of the proposed approach allows us to reduce the influence of human factor in the analysis of thermal conditions of alloys melting and casting with minimal costs for melting monitoring.
Understanding Nurses Experiences and Perception about The Implemention of Emergency Monitoring : A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kholis Anja Hesnia , Hidayah Nurul , Priyanti Ratna Puji , Asri Asri , Ellina Agusta Dian
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTEmergency monitoring in the hospital is very important to be carried out, as one form of responsibility for early detection of deterioration patients. The implementation of the Early Warning System in Hospital is still being evaluated by the quality of service to find out its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of nurses about the implementation of emergency monitoring in hospital. This study was a qualitative design. Participants were 6 female team leader  nurses, with average age 35.3 y.o, and average working experience 11.3 years, used purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and field notes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis method by Flick. The findings of the study identified 3 themes: (1) personal themes; (2) environmental themes; (3) Patient themes. The results showed that the implementation of emergency monitoring in the inpatients units in hospital was still not optimal. The implementation of the Early Warning System is expected to be carried out on an ongoing basis so that its implementation is effective. Socialization, training, supervision, and adequate infrastructure are needed as well as consistency algorithms for early identification of the patient's condition and getting immediate assistance.ABSTRAK Pemantauan kedaruratan di rumah sakit sangat penting dilakukan, sebagai salah satu bentuk tanggung jawab untuk deteksi dini kemunduran pasien. Penerapan Sistem Peringatan Dini di Rumah Sakit masih terus dievaluasi kualitas pelayanannya untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman dan persepsi perawat tentang pelaksanaan pemantauan kegawatdaruratan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Peserta penelitian adalah 6 perawat ketua tim wanita, dengan usia rata-rata 35,3 tahun, dan pengalaman kerja rata-rata 11,3 tahun, menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan catatan lapangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis tematik oleh Flick. Temuan penelitian mengidentifikasi 3 tema: (1) tema pribadi; (2) tema lingkungan; (3) Tema pasien. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pemantauan kegawatdaruratan di unit rawat inap rumah sakit masih belum optimal. Penerapan Sistem Peringatan Dini diharapkan dapat dilakukan secara berkesinambungan agar pelaksanaannya efektif. Dibutuhkan sosialisasi, pelatihan, supervisi, dan infrastruktur yang memadai serta konsistensi algoritme untuk identifikasi awal kondisi pasien dan mendapatkan bantuan segera.
Development of otoscopy skills among general practitioners: how to improve the effectiveness of training?
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Yu. , Lopatin Zakhar V. , Degtyareva Ludmila N. , Ovakimyan Karina V. , Frolova Olga I. , Madysheva Al'bina R. , Klyuchuk Elizaveta A. , Gunina Anastasiya S.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of research of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of general practitioners with more than 5 years of experience.
The aim of the study is to assess the level of proficiency in otoscopy by General practitioners using a simulator, depending on various socio-demographic characteristics.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Department of family medicine of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. Doctors who agreed to participate in the project filled out a socio-demographic questionnaire, tests to test theoretical knowledge, for the level of proficiency in otoscopy, was evaluated using a checklist. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). The study involved 24 General practitioners with more than 5 years of experience.
Results. Analysis of the results showed that 66.7% of General practitioners rated their skill in otoscopy as satisfactory or higher, but only 54.1% were able to correctly perform 70% of the actions according to the checklist.
Conclusions. 1. The level of theoretical knowledge in otoscopy among General practitioners with experience who took part in the study was quite low: 62.5% of respondents did not achieve satisfactory results. A low level of proficiency in otoscopy among General practitioners was also revealed when evaluating the performance of manipulation on the simulator only 20.8% of doctors correctly performed 80% of the actions according to the checklist. 2. Independent assessment of the level of proficiency in otoscopy in General practitioners is not a predictor of the success of its demonstration on the simulator in accordance with the checklist. 3. The level of proficiency in otoscopy in the study group of General practitioners did not have a statistically significant relationship with the basic level of theoretical knowledge, work experience and regular otoscopy in everyday practice.
O processo de significação e seus limites: leitura e ensino de poesia
Authors: Costa Erick Gontijo
Published: December 2020

Este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre leitura e ensino de poesia, a partir de um olhar panorâmico sobre as preferências textuais dos leitores em formação escolar e universitária. Inicialmente, investiga-se, no contexto de ensino de leitura de poesia, sobretudo moderna e contemporânea, alguns impasses encontrados por leitores em formação em face desses textos, a fim de identificar alguns elementos em jogo na leitura de poesia. Para isso, analisam-se, a partir das teorias sobre poesia de Octávio Paz, de Jean Luc Nancy e de Jacques Derrida, os processos de significação do texto poético e os limites desses processos. Por fim, propõem-se hipóteses metodológicas para a formação de leitores críticos de poesia, visando à ultrapassagem de questões referentes a preferências literárias.