bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Population Density on the Evolution of Morphometric Parameters of Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus 1758 Under Controlled Culture in Senegal
Authors: Loum Abdoulaye , Fall Jean , Faye Alioune , Sagne Mariama , Diouf Malick
Published: January 2019

This experiment was carried out in order to know the variation of the morphometric relation between the length and the width of the shell of abalone Haliotis tuberculata as well as the evolution of the factor of condition.Haliotis tuberculata used in the study is a gastropod that belongs to the order Vetigastropoda, and the family Haliotidae. 135 abalones with an average weight of 5.55±1.24 g, an average length and shell width of 3.14±0.23 cm and 2.12±0.18 cm were selected for the experiment.These individuals were divided into three different densities (10, 15, 20 individuals) in nine (9) plastic tanks with a base area of 0.15 m2 of 3 tanks per density. The abalones from each tank were fed 70% of their body weight with available macroalgae such as Ulva lactuca and Dictiopeterus sp. Morphometric relationships that include the relationships between length-width and condition factor were determinedAt the end of 12 months of experimentation, changes in length, width, and annual average weight as a function of density indicate that low stocking densities favor a faster increase in these variables (length, width, and weight). The analysis of these relationships indicates a strong correlation between the length and width of the Haliotis tuberculata shell. However, it is noted the correlation between these two variables decreases inversely with density. The average values of the condition factor are 18.89 ± 0.96, 18.72 ± 1.18 and 18.59 ± 1.14 for densities D10, D15 and D20 respectively. Analysis of the results of this study shows that when population density becomes too high, the growth of H. tuberculata is slowed down both in weight and in size. The condition factor analysis also indicates that the best biological performance is obtained at the lowest density (D10) thus inducing better growth.
Ideologia e práxis social
Authors: Lara Ricardo
Published: January 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo abordar a concepção de ideologia de György Lukács elaborada em sua obra Para uma ontologia do ser social. Para isso, analisamos a ideologia como forma de consciência que proporciona aos indivíduos e classes sociais reconhecerem os conflitos e intervirem na realidade sócio-histórica. Essa concepção de ideologia possibilita entender o direito, a política, a arte, a filosofia e as ciências inseridas em relações sociais em que as disputas e posições de classes direcionam as formas de tomada de consciência e intervenção nos conflitos sociais.
Wat is de meerwaarde van onze rekenkamer? Introductie van een model om de doorwerking van rekenkameronderzoek te meten
Authors: Hoekstra Ronald
Published: January 2019

Wat is de meerwaarde van onze rekenkamer? Introductie van een model om de doorwerking van rekenkameronderzoek te meten

Sinds een aantal jaren is het voor gemeenten en provincies verplicht om een lokale rekenkamerfunctie in te stellen. Nu de pioniersjaren voorbij zijn, worden veel lokale rekenkamers en rekenkamercommissies geëvalueerd. Gemeenteraden en provinciale staten vragen zich terecht af: wat is de meerwaarde van onze rekenkamer? Om die vraag te beantwoorden wordt in veel evaluaties de ‘doorwerking’ van rekenkameronderzoek gemeten. Op zich is dat een goede methode, maar in de praktijk wordt de doorwerking vaak te eenvoudig onderzocht. Met te eenvoudige conclusies als gevolg. In dit artikel wordt een model geïntroduceerd dat recht doet aan het meervoudige karakter van de doorwerking van rekenkameronderzoek.
De gunfactor van herstelrecht
Authors: van Stokkom Bas
Published: January 2019

The goodwill-factor in restorative justice – Clemency, compassion and caring for offenders

This article discusses the willingness of the victim to judge the offender more mildly after the latter apologized for his wrongdoing and shows that he is involved in behavioral change. A large group of victims wants to help (young) perpetrators and offer them a second chance, even victims who have been treated violently. It is argued that these forms of compassion express a caring attitude, the wish that the offender will be rehabilitated and that a change in behaviour is more important than compensation. This attitude can also be referred to as ‘forbearance’, in terms that a less severe sanction is sufficient. This goodwill factor may well be the most important aspect of ‘doing justice’ in restorative meetings.
RDX and the Army Ordnance Department
Authors: Baxter Colin F.
Published: January 2019

Skepticism by U.S. Army Ordnance authorities toward RDX, and their attitude toward civilian scientists. Scientific research staffs had limited prestige. The establishment of the National Defense Research Committee in 1940 and the Tizard Scientific Mission to Washington helped accelerate scientific cooperation between Britain, Canada, and the United States.
Friends in High Places
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2019

In letters to Charlotte and Waldemar, Edme boasts of his friendship with members of the Bonaparte family. He publishes a version of the Old Testament from which all miracles have been excised, though it excites the anger of "religious bigots." He urges his son and daughter-in-law to write his good friend Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, newly arrived in America, to court his favor. They do, and du Pont, residing in New York, engages Waldemar to investigate his land holdings in Scott County, Kentucky. The Mentelles provide him with candid observations on the population and economy of Lexington and the surrounding area. They begin lifelong friendships with Henry and Lucretia Clay and with Mary Owen Todd.
An Argument en famille
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2019

After the death in 1805 of Léone Mentelle, Waldemar's mother, hostility breaks out between him and his father. Edme bitterly complains of a letter from Waldemar and Charlotte he considers insulting; takes his son to task for having lacked ambition in his youth; and reveals that he has remarried, to a woman fifty years his junior. She is the illegitimate daughter of a Breton nobleman and thought Edme more wealthy than he was. In 1815, after years of silence, Edme writes his son and daughter-in-law, recounting a visit from Henry Clay, who was in Europe to negotiate the Treaty of Ghent. Having lost the financial assistance he had enjoyed from Napoleon, Edme solicits a post from Louis XVIII but does not receive it. He finally obtains the Legion of Honor he had long sought, shortly before his death on Dec. 29, 1815.
After Stax
Authors: Robinson Zandria F.
Published: January 2019

Stax Records served as a neighborhood anchor institution throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, employing but also profiting from the wealth of talent in the South Memphis community. In the years after the assassination of Martin Luther King and then the decline and shuttering of Stax Records, South Memphis—or Soulsville, as it came to be known—underwent many of the changes that affected American inner-city neighborhoods in the wake of urban renewal, integration, deindustrialization, and globalization. Using oral histories, census records, and other sources, this essay shows how neighborhood change in the post-Stax era was shaped by the distinctive legacy of the company and its intertwined relationship with the community.
Black Workers Matter
Authors: Honey Michael K.
Published: January 2019

What happened to Martin Luther King’s dream of economic equality in Memphis? For most of the city’s history, 80 percent or more of the black community has consisted of black workers. Slavery set the terms of cheap labor as the measure of profitability in Memphis, and white economic elites have pursued that measure of profitability ever since, but not without resistance from black working people. Drawing on the last thirty years of research on Memphis labor and race relations, this essay surveys the struggles of black workers and the black community as a whole for economic advancement. After documenting decisive, powerful advances for African Americans in Memphis during the “long civil rights movement” from 1934 to 1968, the essay surveys the fate of the black working class and poses questions about the legacy of the freedom struggle in the fifty years since 1968, during which time more educated and politically involved people have advanced, while the fate of undereducated, underpaid, or unemployed working people has worsened. The legacy of the black freedom struggle in Memphis continues in the increasingly difficult terrain of America’s racial capitalism in the twenty-first-century global economy.
Semblanza de María Teresa Román
Authors: Romero González María Luisa
Published: January 2019

El recuerdo de una amiga.
Evolución del caso japonés como referente internacional en la educación para la reducción del riesgo de desastres
Authors: Gavari Starkie Elisa , Pastrana Huguet José
Published: January 2019

This article offers the analysis of education for disaster risk reduction in Japan. This country has been selected as it is considered to be the reference on education for risk reduction. In fact the Three World Conferences in Disaster Risk Reduction (Yokohama 1994, Hyogo 2005 and Sendai 2015) have taken place in the Japanese territory. The methodology of the article lays on the historical study of the conceptual change of education for risk reduction. At the first stage only some measures in order to palliate disasters were adopted, at present, Japan offers an integrated model that tackles the risk management. The text offers a description of the Japanese model study starting from the l961 Law that regulates the participation of all administrative levels with defined functions in the integrated system. The Japanese model also has introduced in the curriculum two key strategies: the introduction of contents referred to risk reduction management in main subjects and a specific timetable for integrated study designed by the teachers. In fact teachers are considered to be key actors in the disaster risk reduction not only for the training they receive but also for the commitment with the community. In this sense the article refers to the work of the civil society, in particular through the volunteer association, that many times surpass the work of the Ministry of Education. The article ends with some brief conclusions concerning the Japanese model.
Simultaneous rapid detection of Hantaan virus and Seoul virus using RT-LAMP in rats
Authors: Sui Xin , Zhang Xu , Fei Dongliang , Zhang Zhen , Ma Mingxiao
Published: January 2019

Background

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is in most cases caused by the Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV). To develop and apply reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect HTNV and SEOV simultaneously, which was faster, more cost effective, and easier to perform as the target gene amplified rapidly. In this article an assay based on LAMP is demonstrated, which only employs such apparatus as a water bath or a heat block.

Methods

A chromogenic method using the calcein/Mn2+ complex and real-time turbidity monitoring method were used to assess reaction progress of the reaction, and the specificity of the RT-LAMP-based assay was assessed by detecting cDNAs/cRNAs generated from Coxsackievirus A16, Influenza virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, mouse poxvirus, rotavirus, mouse hepatitis virus. In addition, 23 clinical specimens were used to determine the agreement between the RT-LAMP assay with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IFT) method.

Results

The detection limit of RT-LAMP to HNTV and SEOV was as low as 10 copies/μL with optimized reaction conditions, which was much more sensitive than the RT-PCR method (100–1,000 copies/μL). At the same time, the detection results of 23 clinical specimens have also illustrated the agreement between this the RT-LAMP assay with RT-PCR and IFT.

Discussion

This RT-LAMP assay could be used to perform simultaneous and rapid detection of HTNV and SEOV to the clinical specimens.
Satisfaction of Family Members with Treatment in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs
Authors: Pinho Paula Hayasi , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira , Pereira Maria Odete , Claro Heloísa Garcia , Soares Ricardo Henrique , Gonçalves Rejane Maria Dias Abreu , Sequeira Carlos Alberto Cruz
Published: January 2019

Objective: To assess the satisfaction of family members who had relatives in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) and the variables associated with the score of satisfaction.Method: Evaluative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory research. Data collection was performed with the SATIS-BR instrument, which had been validated for use in Brazil, and sampling was performed by simple randomization, according to a pilot study. The Ethics Research Committee (Protocol 1,001/2011) approved this study. Independent variables included socioeconomic characteristics about the participation of the person at CAPSad and the mean global score of Scale of Perceived Change (SPC); the dependent variable was overall satisfaction. Regression testing was performed using the method of ordinary least squares.Results: In the multivariate analysis, the overall score variables of SPC and family members monitoring to Psychosocial Care Services were positively correlated with overall satisfaction (p ≤ .05).Conclusions: The most family members with relatives receiving services from CAPSad were satisfied. Knowledge of the factors correlated with increased satisfaction might enable the construction of action plans aimed to include the family, during the care process, in these services.
Introduction to IJADR Volume 7, Issue 2
Authors: Reed Mark , Wells Samantha , Kuntsche Sandra
Published: January 2019

Dear Readers, The editors of the International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research (IJADR) are pleased to announce the release of the second issue of our 7th volume. This issue contains five research papers focused on a wide range of substance use topics such as family member’s satisfaction with alcohol and other drug treatment, risk factors for fractures in pre-menopausal drinkers who are alcohol-dependent, and the risk reduction potential of heat-not-burn tobacco products. The issue also includes a methodological description of the multinational GENAHTO (Gender and Alcohol’s Harms to Others) project. These papers represent research collaborations occurring in Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, England, and Germany, to name a few. Thank you for your interest. Please consider submitting your alcohol and drug focused research to the IJADR. Mark B. Reed, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief San Diego State University, School of Social Work, United States Samantha Wells, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Canada Sandra Kuntsche, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Australia
Catalytic Synthesis of N‐(5‐Methylfurfuryl)aniline from Bio‐Derived Carbohydrates
Authors: Xiao Jianjun , Jin Qi , Yang Jiaqi , Xiong Lingheng , Qiu Jumin , Jiang Jun , Peng Yang , Li Teng , Qiu Zumin , Yang Weiran
Published: January 2019

The value‐added chemicals derived from lignocellulosic resources are mainly oxygen‐containing compounds while nitrogen‐containing compounds are also important in the industry and ambitiously desired to be obtained from bio‐based carbohydrates. Here we report an efficient two‐step approach from fructose under mild conditions to obtain N‐(5‐methylfurfuryl)aniline, a necessary nitrogenous intermediate for some important epoxyisoindoles which have good combat‐Alzheimer's and antitumor biological activities. First, 5‐methylfurfural was prepared with HI and H3PO3 in a biphasic solution from fructose, then it was isolated and used for N‐(5‐methylfurfuryl)aniline synthesis through reductive amination catalyzed by a heterogeneous palladium catalyst. Besides, the substrate scope of the amines was examined, and most of them showed very good results. With this approach, renewable N‐(5‐methylfurfuryl)aniline was produced from fructose in an overall yield of 62%.
Cheilitis and gingivitis as first signs of Crohn's disease in a pediatric patient
Authors: Capodiferro Saverio , Maiorano Eugenio , Limongelli Luisa , Tempesta Angela , Favia Gianfranco
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease include gingivitis, deep ulcerations, pseudopolyps, and labial or buccal swelling; these are uncommon in children and can precede or coincide intestinal inflammation lesions, leading frequently to a delayed diagnosis.
Efficacy and Effectiveness Too Trials: Clinical Trial Designs to Generate Evidence on Efficacy and on Effectiveness in Wide Practice
Authors: Selker Harry P. , Eichler Hans‐Georg , Stockbridge Norman L. , McElwee Newell E. , Dere Willard H. , Cohen Theodora , Erban John K. , Seyfert‐Margolis Vicki L. , Honig Peter K. , Kaitin Kenneth I. , Oye Kenneth A. , D'Agostino Ralph B.
Published: January 2019

Efficacy trials, designed to gain regulatory marketing approval, evaluate drugs in optimally selected patients under advantageous conditions for relatively short time periods. Effectiveness trials, designed to evaluate use in usual practice, assess treatments among more typical patients in real‐world conditions with longer follow‐up periods. In “efficacy‐to‐effectiveness (E2E) trials,” if the initial efficacy trial component is positive, the trial seamlessly transitions to an effectiveness trial component to efficiently yield both types of evidence. Yet more time could be saved by simultaneously addressing efficacy and effectiveness in an “efficacy and effectiveness too (EE2) trial.” Additionally, hybrids of the E2E and EE2 approaches with differing degrees of overlap of the two components could allow flexibility for specific drug development needs. In planning EE2 trials, each stakeholder's current and future needs, incentives, and perspective must be considered. Although challenging, the ultimate benefits to stakeholders, the health system, and the public should justify this effort.
Efficient Separation of Photogenerated Charges in a Ferroelectric Molecular Wire: Nonadiabatic Dynamics Study on 3,5‐Dicyano‐1,7‐dimethylopyrrolo[3,2‐f]indole Trimer
Authors: Jankowska Joanna , Sobolewski Andrzej L.
Published: January 2019

In this work we propose and verify computationally a novel idea of spontaneous separation of charges photo‐generated in a highly polar molecular “wire”. The nuclear and electronic structure of the investigated system, considering the evolution of charge carriers, are characterized at the semi‐empirical OM2/MRCI level of theory. Results point to the conclusion that 90 % of optically prepared excitons break into charge carriers (holes and electrons) localized on the opposite monomeric units of the trimer on a timescale of 30 fs. Our findings could be helpful in the design of photoactive and conducting components for molecular photovoltaic applications.
Metabolic profiling of synthetic cannabinoid 5F‐ADB by human liver microsome incubations and urine samples using high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Yeter Oya , Ozturk Yeter Erol
Published: January 2019

5F‐ADB (methyl 2‐{[1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carbonyl] amino}‐3,3‐dimethylbutanoate) is a frequently abused new synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold since at least the end of 2014 on the drug market and has been classified as an illicit drug in most European countries, as well as Turkey, Japan, and the United States. In this study, the in vitro metabolism of 5F‐ADB was investigated by using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) assay and liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). 5F‐ADB (5 μmol/L) was incubated with HLMs for up to 3 hours, and the metabolites were identified using LC–HRMS and software‐assisted data mining. The in vivo metabolism was investigated by the analysis of 30 authentic urine samples and was compared to the data received from the in vitro metabolism study. Less than 3.3% of the 5F‐ADB parent compound remained after 1 hour of incubation, and no parent drug was detected after 3 hours. We identified 20 metabolites formed via ester hydrolysis, N‐dealkylation, oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, further oxidation to N‐pentanoic acid and glucuronidation or a combination of these reactions in vitro. In 12 urine samples (n = 30), 5F‐ADB was detected as the parent drug. Three of the identified main metabolites 5F‐ADB carboxylic acid (M20), monohydroxypentyl‐5F‐ADB (M17), and carboxypentyl ADB carboxylic acid (M8) were suggested as suitable urinary markers. The screening of 8235 authentic urine samples for identified 5F‐ADB metabolites in vitro resulted in 3135 cases of confirmed 5F‐ADB consumption (38%).
A plasma‐fluid model for EHD flow in DBD actuators and experimental validation
Authors: Mushyam A. , Rodrigues F. , Pascoa J.C.
Published: January 2019

A numerical method to simulate plasma induced electrohydrodynamic flow is proposed in this study. The numerical model consists of three components. Firstly, a potential module to simulate temporal potential and electric field generated in the ionized fluid. Secondly, a plasma module to simulate plasma development and charge particle densities. Finally, a fluid module to simulate the flow affected by the body forces induced by the movement of the charged particles. Fluid flow is modeled using modified predictor‐corrector strategy as proposed in the marker and cell method. The velocity field was corrected to achieve incompressible flow by calculating pressure correction factors, considered in all cells. Numerical convergence and time sensitivity analysis were carried to confirm grid independence and determine an efficient time step for simulations. Numerical computations are validated by comparing with experimental results of discharge currents and current densities. They were found to be in very good agreement thus providing an extensive validation. Furthermore, quiescent flow over a dielectric barrier discharge actuator is simulated in the this study, using the proposed plasma‐fluid model, to model flow evolution and resolve temporal flow features for detailed analysis. The streamline and vorticity plots were analyzed and compared with experimental results, and flow results were found to be in‐line with the experiments.
Metabolic factors and the risk of colorectal cancer by KRAS and BRAF mutation status
Authors: Myte Robin , Gylling Björn , Häggström Jenny , Häggström Christel , Zingmark Carl , Löfgren Burström Anna , Palmqvist Richard , Van Guelpen Bethany
Published: January 2019

Factors related to energy metabolism and the metabolic syndrome, such as higher body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, or blood lipids, and blood pressure, are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, CRC is a heterogeneous disease, developing through distinct pathways with differences in molecular characteristics and prognosis, and possibly also in risk factors. For subtypes defined by KRAS and BRAF mutation status, BMI is the only metabolic factor previously studied, with inconsistent findings. We investigated whether associations between BMI, blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure and CRC risk differed by tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status in 117,687 participants from two population‐based cohorts within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall CRC and CRC subtypes by metabolic factors were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression, using multiple imputation to handle missing exposure and tumor data. During a median follow‐up of 15.6 years, we acquired 1,250 prospective CRC cases, of which 766 cases had complete baseline and molecular tumor data. Consistent with previous evidence, higher BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of overall CRC (HRs per 1 standard deviation increase: 1.07 to 1.12). These associations were similar regardless of CRC subtype by KRAS and BRAF mutation status (all pheterogeneity > 0.05). The same was true for subtypes based on microsatellite instability status. Poor metabolic health may therefore be a universal mechanism for colorectal cancer, acting across multiple developmental pathways.
Preoperative quality‐of‐life measures predict acute postoperative pain in endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Chowdhury Naweed I. , Turner Justin H. , Dorminy Cindy , Wu Jeffanie , Chandra Rakesh K.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Recent increases in opioid‐related mortality have prompted a critical evaluation of postoperative pain management across all specialties. However, successfully limiting narcotic overprescription requires perioperative identification of patients who are at risk for high postoperative pain. Unfortunately, quality data to guide practice patterns are lacking. We therefore prospectively investigated several possible predictive factors of postoperative pain after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

Sixty‐four consecutive patients undergoing ESS were enrolled. Baseline 22‐item SinoNasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) and Short‐Form 8 (SF‐8) scores were obtained. Pain scores were collected postoperatively using a numeric rating scale. Spearman correlations and univariate linear regression models were used to investigate relationships between postoperative pain, patient factors, and SNOT‐22/SF‐8 domain scores. Multivariate linear regression was then performed to control for potential confounding variables.

Results

Day‐of‐surgery pain scores were significantly correlated with the SF‐8 role‐physical domain (Rs = 0.32, P = 0.04). Whereas SF‐8 pain scores were initially nonsignificant, at postoperative day 3 (POD3) the preoperative SF‐8 pain score became correlated with self‐reported pain (Rs = 0.39, P = 0.02). SNOT‐22 total and subdomain scores were not associated with pain scores at any time point. Multivariate linear regression modelling identified baseline SF‐8 role‐physical and pain scores, smoking status, and undergoing a modified Lothrop procedure as significant independent predictors of POD3 pain (adjusted R2 = 0.359, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Baseline patient‐reported global quality‐of‐life measures are associated with postoperative pain after ESS. Large multicenter studies are necessary to validate these findings and investigate additional factors associated with postoperative pain following ESS.

Level of Evidence

2c

Laryngoscope, 129:1274–1279, 2019
Cell free fetal DNA to triage antenatal rhesus immune globulin: Is it really cost‐effective in the United States?
Authors: Moise Kenneth J. , Hashmi Syed Shahrukh , Markham Kara , Argoti Pedro S. , Bebbington Michael
Published: January 2019

What is already known about this topic?

Cell free DNA can accurately predict the fetal RHD status.

What does this study add?

Use of cell free DNA to determine the fetal RHD status to triage the use of antenatal rhesus immune globulin is not a cost‐effective strategy for implementation in the United States.

Universal rhesus antenatal immune globulin without consideration for paternity is the most effective strategy for preventing new cases of RhD alloimmunization.
Global transcriptome analysis and differentially expressed genes in grapevine after application of the yeast‐derived defense inducer cerevisane
Authors: De Miccolis Angelini Rita M , Rotolo Caterina , Gerin Donato , Abate Domenico , Pollastro Stefania , Faretra Francesco
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Cerevisane, made up of cell wall derivatives from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, is proposed as a resistance inducer in plants. The mode of action of cerevisane was investigated through transcriptome analysis (RNA‐Seq) carried out on leaves of potted vines cv. Italia grown in the greenhouse and sprayed at 1‐week intervals with cerevisane. Analyses were performed at three time points after one and three sprays as well as on vines challenged with artificial inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea.

RESULTS

Cerevisane proved effective against downy mildew and caused an increase in expression levels of several genes related to defense responses to fungal pathogens and other stresses and down‐regulation of genes involved in several processes related to plant growth and development. Up‐regulated genes included genes encoding (i) enzymes involved in hormone metabolism (i.e. salicylic acid, jasmonate, ethylene) and related plant responses, (ii) defense compounds (i.e. pathogenesis‐related proteins, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, stilbene synthases, lipoxygenase, leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein kinases, non‐specific plant lipid transfer proteins, serine–threonine protein kinases involved in signal transduction, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S‐transferase involved in response to oxidative stress), (iii) secondary metabolites (i.e. phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignin), and (iv) photosynthetic processes (light harvesting chlorophyll A/B‐binding proteins and components of the photosystems).

CONCLUSION

Cerevisane can be a useful tool in protection schedules against downy mildew on grapevine aimed at reducing the usage of synthetic fungicides and preventing fungicide resistance. The results provide the first basic knowledge on the mode of action of yeast‐derived elicitors effective against P. viticola on grapevine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Feuerwiderstand verzinkter Stahlkonstruktionen
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Gaigl Christian
Published: January 2019

Ist eine Feuerwiderstandsdauer von mindestens 30 min erforderlich, muss sichergestellt werden, dass das Tragverhalten im Brandfall den statischen Anforderungen genügt. Stand der Technik, um Stahlkonstruktionen vor zu hohen Temperaturen in der außergewöhnlichen Bemessungssituation eines Brands zu schützen, ist ein passiver Brandschutz. Der Eurocode bietet aber auch rechnerische Nachweisverfahren, um den Brandschutznachweis zu erfüllen. Dabei ist die Bauteiltemperatur nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐2 zu bestimmen und der Tragfähigkeitsnachweis unter Berücksichtigung der Abminderung der Materialkennwerte zu führen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in einem Forschungsprojekt der Technischen Universität München positive Effekte der Feuerverzinkung auf die Temperaturentwicklung von Stahlbauteilen unter Brandeinwirkung untersucht. Ziel ist es, eine R30‐Brandschutzanforderung durch ungeschützte, feuerverzinkte Stahlbauteile zu ermöglichen.
Ausgezeichnete Hochhäuser
Authors: Möller Eberhard
Published: January 2019

Seit der Geburtsstunde des modernen Hochhauses im Chicago der 1880er‐Jahre ist dieser Bautypus eine Domäne des Stahlbaus. Gemeinsam mit der Erfindung einer Sicherheitsfangtechnik für Aufzüge hat die industrielle Stahlproduktion den Wettlauf in die Höhe angefacht und in immer neue Dimensionen getrieben. Betrachtet man vor diesem Hintergrund die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Hochhausbau – noch bis zum 3. März 2019 sehr anschaulich und informativ präsentiert in der Ausstellung zum Hochhaus Preis 2018/19 im Deutschen Architekturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main –, lässt sich ein deutlicher Wandel ablesen. Zunehmend verwenden Ingenieure und Architekten neben Stahl auch Beton – und das nicht nur im Verborgenen für das Tragwerk, sondern auch offen sichtbar in der Fassade. Einen Überblick über aktuelle Tendenzen bieten die fünf ausgestellten Wolkenkratzer der engeren Wahl.
Die neue Ankunftshalle am Bahnhof St. Gallen
Authors: Kunze Matthias , Kern Urs
Published: January 2019

Die neue Ankunftshalle ist ein Schlüsselteilprojekt der 2018 abgeschlossenen Neugestaltung des Bahnhofs und Bahnhofplatzes St. Gallen (CH). Das 26 m lange, 22,5 m breite und 14 m hohe Bauwerk bildet das Tor zur Personenunterführung Ost und aufgrund seiner zentralen Lage zwischen Bahnhofplatz, ‐gebäude und Gleisen einen wichtigen Orientierungspunkt für die Passagierströme. Das architektonische Konzept „Akari” – ein japanischer Ausdruck für Helligkeit, Licht und Schwerelosigkeit – prägt das Erscheinungsbild der Halle, das von einem klaren und regelmäßigen Tragwerk und einer transluziden Gebäudehülle hervorgerufen wird. Ein vierfach punktgestützter Stahlträgerrost aus Flachstahl‐Blechträgern bildet die Dachkonstruktion, der kassettenartig ausgebildete Rost kragt allseitig über die Stützenachsen aus. Die vier an ihrem Fuß und im Trägerrost eingespannten Rahmenstützen gewährleisten den vertikalen Lastabtrag sowie die Stabilisierung des Bauwerks. An den Dachrändern wurden die hängenden Stahlschwerter als Träger der Fassaden unmittelbar an die Kragträger des Dachs biegesteif angeschlossen. Direkt auf dem Stahlbau befestigte quadratische Glasscheiben bilden die Dachhaut, im Bereich der Fassaden sind die Gläser mittels Chromstahlkonsolen an je vier Punkten gehalten und sowohl horizontal wie auch vertikal überschuppt.
Glas im Bauwesen – Verglasungen mit Zusatzanforderungen
Authors: Hamm Hermann
Published: January 2019

Mit der baurechtlichen Einführung der Normenreihe DIN 18008 „Glas im Bauwesen – Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln” vor etwa drei Jahren wurden die bis dahin gültigen Technischen Regeln des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik, Berlin (DIBt), i. E. TRLV, TRAV und TRPV, zurückgezogen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Inhalte für Verglasungen mit Zusatzanforderungen erläutert. Hierbei handelt es sich um absturzsichernde Verglasungen nach Teil 4, begehbare Verglasungen nach Teil 5 sowie zu Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen betretbare und durchsturzsichere Verglasungen nach Teil 6.

Bei allen drei der vorgenannten Normenteile stehen die Stoßsicherheit sowie das Resttragverhalten nach Glasbruch im Vordergrund. Über die raumtrennende Funktion hinaus werden bei Verglasungen besondere Anforderungen an das Tragverhalten gestellt, um Personen vor Verletzungen bei oder nach Glasbruch zu schützen. Dies gelingt durch Beachtung konstruktiver Vorgaben sowie durch Verwendung von Verglasungen, denen sog. „sicheres Bruchverhalten” wie auch die Eigenschaft der Resttragfähigkeit zugewiesen werden kann.
The moduli spaces of S-fold CFTs
Authors: Garozzo Ivan , Lo Monaco Gabriele , Mekareeya Noppadol
Published: January 2019

Abstract

An S-fold has played an important role in constructing supersymmetric field theories with interesting features. It can be viewed as a type of AdS4 solutions of Type IIB string theory where the fields in overlapping patches are glued by elements of SL(2, ℤ). This paper examines three dimensional quiver theories that arise from brane configurations with an inclusion of the S-fold. An important feature of such a quiver is that it contains a link, which is the T (U(N)) theory, between two U(N) groups, along with bifundamental and fundamental hypermultiplets. We systematically study the moduli spaces of those quiver theories, including the cases in which the non-zero Chern-Simons levels are turned on. A number of such moduli spaces turns out to have a very rich structure and tells us about the brane dynamics in the presence of an S-fold.
Non-equilibrium critical phenomena from probe brane holography in Schrödinger spacetime
Authors: Vahedi Ali , Shakeri Mobin
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We study the non-equilibrium steady-state phase transition from probe brane holography in z = 2 Schrödinger spacetime. Concerning differential conductivity, a phase transition could occur in the conductor state. Considering constant current operator as the external field and the conductivity as an order parameter, we derive scaling behavior of order parameter near the critical point. We explore the critical exponents of the nonequilibrium phase transition in two different Schrödinger spacetimes, which originated 1) from supergravity, and 2) from AdS blackhole in the light-cone coordinates. Interestingly, we will see that even at the zero charge density, in our first geometry, the dynamical critical exponent of z = 2 has a major effect on the critical exponents.
Epidemiologic trends for isolated tibia shaft fracture admissions in The Netherlands between 1991 and 2012
Authors: Leliveld Mandala S. , Polinder Suzanne , Panneman Martien J. M. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Population-based knowledge on the occurrence of specific injuries is essential for the allocation of health care services, optimization of preventive measures, and research purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine long-term nation-based trends in the incidence rate, trauma mechanism, hospital length of stay (HLOS), treatment, and outcome of hospital-admitted patients with an isolated tibia shaft fracture between 1991 and 2012 in The Netherlands.

Methods

All hospital-admitted patients in The Netherlands between 1991 and 2012 with an isolated tibia shaft fracture were included. Age and gender-standardized incidence rates were calculated for each year. Data were extracted from the National Medical Registration.

Results

The incidence rate for men decreased to 13.8/100,000 person years (py). For women the incidence rate remained stable with 7.2/100,000 py. Incidence showed a peak for adolescent men (15–19 years), and increased in both genders from 65 years onwards. Since 1993 the mean HLOS for isolated tibia fractures reduced from 10.8 to 5.4 days. Mean HLOS increased with age. Mean years lived with disability (YLD) was 4.5 years, declined linearly with age, and showed no gender effect.

Conclusions

In 22 years, the incidence rate of hospital admitted patients with an isolated tibia shaft fracture in The Netherlands dropped with 12%, which was mainly attributable to a 15% decline among men. Incidence rate, trauma mechanism, and HLOS were age and gender related. HLOS also reduced over time. Operation rate and YLD were only age related.
Existence of travelling waves with the critical speed for an influenza model with treatment
Authors: DENG DONG , ZHANG DONGPEI
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to study the existence of travelling waves with a critical speed for an influenza model with treatment. By using some analysis techniques that involve super-critical speeds and an approximation method, the existence of travelling waves with the critical speed is proved.
Field Line Resonance in the Hermean Magnetosphere: Structure and Implications for Plasma Distribution
Authors: James Matthew K. , Imber Suzanne M. , Yeoman Timothy K. , Bunce Emma J.
Published: January 2019

The first statistical survey of field line resonance (FLR) events is presented using magnetometer data from the entire MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging mission. Ultralow‐frequency waves are an important tool for the magnetoseismology of the Hermean magnetosphere; this study provides a completely new window onto the resonance structures and plasma density distribution in the Hermean magnetosphere. Here we assess resonance events from two categories—toroidal resonances characteristic of the classical picture of FLRs in the terrestrial magnetosphere driven by the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability and a more comprehensive approach including all observed transverse resonances with more relaxed polarization criteria. Two hundred twenty‐three toroidal FLRs with characteristics consistent with Kelvin‐Helmholtz‐driven FLRs are found in the dayside Hermean magnetosphere. The fundamental frequencies of these waves are used to provide estimates of plasma mass density in the range of ∼ 1–650 amu/cm3. A further 343 transverse resonances are found which provide very similar density estimates to the Earth‐like FLR population. Fundamental and harmonic frequencies from all 566 events are used to fit a power law to plasma mass density along the field lines. The equatorial plasma mass density is predicted to vary approximately with R−7.5. The offset of the Hermean dipole into the northern hemisphere causes significant asymmetries in the standing wave structure. Due to the extreme warping (away from a dipolar configuration) of Mercury's magnetosphere by the solar wind, the fundamental toroidal mode is predicted to oscillate with a notably lower frequency than the fundamental poloidal mode, contrary to relative toroidal and poloidal frequencies modeled for Earth's magnetosphere.
An Analytic Method for Computing the Infinite Sums Occurring in the Geoelastic Disk Load Problem
Authors: Fowler J. , Ogle C. , Bevis M.
Published: January 2019

The elastic displacements caused by a point load imposed on the surface of a layered, spherical, and self‐gravitating Earth can be expressed in terms of infinite series of Legendre polynomials or their derivatives, multiplied by constants, called Love numbers, that depend on the summation index or degree. Truncating these infinite series causes oscillatory errors in the computed displacement field, particularly in the near field of the load, but Farrell (1972, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG010i003p00761) circumvented this problem using a Kummer transformation that relied on an asymptotic approximation for the Love number spectrum and three useful identities for series of Legendre polynomials. Unfortunately, nobody has determined a similar work‐around for the disk load problem since in this case the infinite expansions consist of products of Legendre polynomials or their derivatives, and no similarly useful identities have been identified to date. We present an alternative means to the same general goal by replacing the infinite series with closed‐form expressions involving elliptic integrals.
Leaf-Cutter Ants Boost Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soil
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: January 2019

Leaf-cutter ant nest openings emit up to 100,000 times more carbon dioxide than surrounding soil, a new study shows.
Targeting JNK pathway promotes human hematopoietic stem cell expansion
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Lai Weifeng , Xie Huangfan , Liu Yang , Guo Weijie , Liu Yifang , Li Yu , Li Yuanjun , Zhang Jingliang , Chen Wenhan , Shi Minhui , Shang Lijun , Yin Ming , Wang Chengyan , Deng Hongkui
Published: January 2019

The limited number of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has restrained their widespread clinical application. Despite great efforts in recent years, the in vitro expansion of HSCs remains a challenge due to incomplete understanding of the signaling networks underlying HSC self-renewal. Here, we show that culturing human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells with JNK-IN-8, an inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway, can enhance the self-renewal of HSCs with a 3.88-fold increase in cell number. These cultured CD34+ cells repopulated recipient mice for 21 weeks and can form secondary engraftment that lasted for more than 21 weeks. Knockdown of c-Jun, a major downstream target in the JNK pathway, promoted the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our findings demonstrate a critical role of the JNK pathway in regulating HSC expansion, provide new insights into HSC self-renewal mechanism, and may lead to improved clinical application of HSCs.
Evidence that neural information flow is reversed between object perception and object reconstruction from memory
Authors: Linde-Domingo Juan , Treder Matthias S. , Kerrén Casper , Wimber Maria
Published: January 2019

Remembering is a reconstructive process, yet little is known about how the reconstruction of a memory unfolds in time in the human brain. Here, we used reaction times and EEG time-series decoding to test the hypothesis that the information flow is reversed when an event is reconstructed from memory, compared to when the same event is initially being perceived. Across three experiments, we found highly consistent evidence supporting such a reversed stream. When seeing an object, low-level perceptual features were discriminated faster behaviourally, and could be decoded from brain activity earlier, than high-level conceptual features. This pattern reversed during associative memory recall, with reaction times and brain activity patterns now indicating that conceptual information was reconstructed more rapidly than perceptual details. Our findings support a neurobiologically plausible model of human memory, suggesting that memory retrieval is a hierarchical, multi-layered process that prioritises semantically meaningful information over perceptual details.
Probabilistic record linkage of de-identified research datasets with discrepancies using diagnosis codes
Authors: Hejblum Boris P. , Weber Griffin M. , Liao Katherine P. , Palmer Nathan P. , Churchill Susanne , Shadick Nancy A. , Szolovits Peter , Murphy Shawn N. , Kohane Isaac S. , Cai Tianxi
Published: January 2019

We develop an algorithm for probabilistic linkage of de-identified research datasets at the patient level, when only diagnosis codes with discrepancies and no personal health identifiers such as name or date of birth are available. It relies on Bayesian modelling of binarized diagnosis codes, and provides a posterior probability of matching for each patient pair, while considering all the data at once. Both in our simulation study (using an administrative claims dataset for data generation) and in two real use-cases linking patient electronic health records from a large tertiary care network, our method exhibits good performance and compares favourably to the standard baseline Fellegi-Sunter algorithm. We propose a scalable, fast and efficient open-source implementation in the ludic R package available on CRAN, which also includes the anonymized diagnosis code data from our real use-case. This work suggests it is possible to link de-identified research databases stripped of any personal health identifiers using only diagnosis codes, provided sufficient information is shared between the data sources.
Differential photothermal and photodynamic performance behaviors of gold nanorods, nanoshells and nanocages under identical energy conditions
Authors: Feng Yanlin , Chang Yun , Sun Xiujuan , Cheng Yan , Zheng Runxiao , Wu Xiaqing , Wang Li , Ma Xiaomin , Li Xi , Zhang Haiyuan
Published: January 2019

The corner angle structure of Au nanostructures could more efficiently convert the photon energy into the photodynamic performance.
Ferromagnetic ligand holes in cobalt perovskite electrocatalysts as an essential factor for high activity towards oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhang Ling , Cheruvathur Ajin , Biz Chiara , Fianchini Mauro , Gracia Jose
Published: January 2019

The definition of the interplay between chemical composition, electro-magnetic configuration and catalytic activity requires a rational study of the orbital physics behind active materials.
Preparation of edible superhydrophobic Fe foil with excellent stability and durability and its applications in food containers with little residue
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhu Yingming , Wang Yaoguang , Fu Hongyan , Deng Xiaoqiang , Yue Hairong , Lu Houfang , Jiang Wei , Liang Bin
Published: January 2019

A facile three-step strategy to prepare edible superhydrophobic Fe foil with excellent stability and regeneration.
Performance improvement strategies for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells: a review
Authors: Du Zhonglin , Artemyev Mikhail , Wang Jin , Tang Jianguo
Published: January 2019

Efficient strategies are systematically summarized from six corresponding aspects, providing comprehensive and valuable guidance for performance improvement in QDSCs.
3D cell printing of islet-laden pancreatic tissue-derived extracellular matrix bioink constructs for enhancing pancreatic functions
Authors: Kim Jaewook , Shim In Kyong , Hwang Dong Gyu , Lee Yu Na , Kim Myungji , Kim Hyeonji , Kim Seok-Won , Lee Song , Kim Song Cheol , Cho Dong-Woo , Jang Jinah
Published: January 2019

3D cell printing using pdECM bioink can recapitulate pancreatic tissue specific microenvironmental niche that can induce higher insulins production by islets.