bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine in patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery
Authors: Nie Xuyang , Gao Xiaonan , Gao Jinglin , Heng Tianfang , Zhang Yuqi , Sun Yaqi , Feng Zhangying , Jia Li , Wang Mingxia
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to build a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) model of nalbuphine and to estimate the suitability of bodyweight or fixed dosage regimen.

Method: Adult patients who were undergoing general anesthetic surgery using nalbuphine for induction of anesthesia were included. Plasma concentrations and covariates information were analyzed by non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach. Goodness-of-fit (GOF), non-parametric bootstrap, visual predictive check (VPC) and external evaluation were applied for the final PopPK model evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess impact of covariates and dosage regimens on the plasma concentration to nalbuphine.

Results: 47 patients aged 21–78 years with a body weight of 48–86 kg were included in the study. Among them, liver resection accounted for 14.8%, cholecystectomy for 12.8%, pancreatic resection for 36.2% and other surgeries for 36.2%. 353 samples from 27 patients were enrolled in model building group; 100 samples from 20 patients were enrolled in external validation group. The results of model evaluation showed that the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine was adequately described by a two-compartment model. The hourly net fluid volume infused (HNF) was identified as a significant covariate about the intercompartmental clearance (Q) of nalbuphine with objective function value (OFV) decreasing by 9.643 (p < 0.005, df = 1). Simulation results demonstrated no need to adjust dosage based on HNF, and the biases of two dosage methods were less than 6%. The fixed dosage regimen had lower PK variability than the bodyweight regimen.

Conclusion: A two-compartment PopPK model adequately described the concentration profile of nalbuphine intravenous injection for anesthesia induction. While HNF can affect the Q of nalbuphine, the magnitude of the effect was limited. Dosage adjustment based on HNF was not recommended. Furthermore, fixed dosage regimen might be better than body weight dosage regimen.
The ellipticity dependence of Rydberg state excitation of noble gas atoms subject to strong laser fields
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Quan Wei , Hao Xiaolei , Chen Jing , Liu Xiaojun
Published: March 2023

In this work, we theoretically investigate the ellipticity dependence of the Rydberg state excitation (RSE) and ionization of noble gas atoms subject to strong laser fields at a series of intensities and wavelengthes by a semiclassical model, where the nonadiabtic effect is considered or ignored. Our results demonstrate that, if the nonadiabatic effect has been ignored, the ratio between RSE and ionization yields exhibits an anomalous maximum at a nonzero ellipticity. On the other hand, if the nonadiabatic effect has been considered, this anomalous behavior disappears. The analysis indicates that the absence of this anomalous behavior can be attributed to the nonadiabatic corrections of instantaneous ionization rate and the initial photoelectron momentum distribution at the tunnel exit.
A metamaterial cylindrical shell with multiple graded resonators for broadband longitudinal wave attenuation
Authors: Yao Jingyi , Xu Ke , Yao Dunhui , Yao Lingyun
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates a metamaterial cylindrical shell with local resonators for broadband longitudinal wave attenuation. A three-component phononic crystal metamaterial cylindrical shell that opens local resonant bandgaps at low frequencies is formed by periodically inserting a lead column coated with soft rubber into an ordinary cylindrical shell. First, the governing equations of elastic wave propagation in cylindrical shell structures are derived through coordinate transformation. Subsequently, numerical models of the metamaterial cylindrical shell are established, and the dispersion relation and vibration transmission characteristics of this structure are calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Finally, in order to further broaden the bandgaps and the strong suppression range of the structure, a multiple-graded-resonator metamaterial cylindrical shell with three different local resonators is also proposed. These local resonators have different start frequencies and locations of their longitudinal wave bandgaps, so they can be combined to produce a wider overall bandgap. Numerical results show that this kind of multiple-graded-resonator metamaterial cylindrical shell has a good vibration suppression effect on longitudinal waves in the range of approximately 180–710 Hz and the vibration suppression effect can reach −40 dB at best. In addition, experimental results on vibration transmission characteristics show good agreement with the numerical results. This work provides a new idea and method for the development of acoustic metamaterials to obtain broadband and low-frequency bandgaps for cylindrical shell structures.
ZED1-related kinase 13 is required for resistance against Pseudoidium neolycopersici in Arabidopsis accession Bla-6
Authors: Santillán Martínez Miguel I. , Gao Dongli , Appiano Michela , Derks Inge , Huibers Robin P. , Spil Glenn , Wang Xulan , Visser Richard G. F. , Wolters Anne-Marie A. , Bai Yuling
Published: March 2023

To explore specific components of resistance against the tomato-adapted powdery mildew pathogen Pseudoidium neolycopersici (On) in the model plant Arabidopsis, we performed a disease assay in 123 accessions. When testing the resistance in the F1 from crossings between resistant accessions with susceptible Col-0 or Sha, only the progeny of the cross between accession Bla-6 and Col-0 displayed a completely resistant phenotype. The resistance in Bla-6 is known to be specific for Pseudoidium neolycopersici. QTL analysis and fine-mapping through several rounds of recombinant screenings allowed us to locate a major resistance QTL in an interval on chromosome 1, containing two candidate genes and an intergenic insertion. Via CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis, we could show that knocking out the ZED-1 RELATED KINASE 13 (ZRK13) gene compromised the On resistance in Bla-6. Several polymorphisms are observed in the ZRK13 allelic variant of Bla-6 when compared to the Col-0 protein.
Cryo-EM structure of the RuvAB-Holliday junction intermediate complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Zixuan , Dai Lin , Chao Yulin , Liu Zheng , Huang Mingdong , Qu Qianhui , Lin Zhonghui
Published: March 2023

Holliday junction (HJ) is a four-way structured DNA intermediate in homologous recombination. In bacteria, the HJ-specific binding protein RuvA and the motor protein RuvB together form the RuvAB complex to catalyze HJ branch migration. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa, Pa) is a ubiquitous opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can cause serious infection in a variety of host species, including vertebrate animals, insects and plants. Here, we describe the cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the RuvAB-HJ intermediate complex from P. aeruginosa. The structure shows that two RuvA tetramers sandwich HJ at the junction center and disrupt base pairs at the branch points of RuvB-free HJ arms. Eight RuvB subunits are recruited by the RuvA octameric core and form two open-rings to encircle two opposite HJ arms. Each RuvB subunit individually binds a RuvA domain III. The four RuvB subunits within the ring display distinct subdomain conformations, and two of them engage the central DNA duplex at both strands with their C-terminal β-hairpins. Together with the biochemical analyses, our structure implicates a potential mechanism of RuvB motor assembly onto HJ DNA.
Effects of salt stress on interspecific competition between an invasive alien plant Oenothera biennis and three native species
Authors: Guo Xiao , Ma Jin-Ye , Liu Le-Le , Li Ming-Yan , Wang Hui , Sun Ying-Kun , Wang Tong , Wang Kui-Ling , Meyerson Laura A.
Published: March 2023

Biological invasions and soil salinization have become increasingly severe environmental problems under global change due to sea-level rise and poor soil management. Invasive species can often outcompete native species, but few studies focus on whether invasive alien species are always superior competitors under increasing stressors. We grew an invasive grass species, Oenothera biennis L., and three native grass species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Chenopodium album L., and Inula japonica Thunb.) as a monoculture (two seedlings of each species) or mixture (one seedling of O. biennis and one native species seedling) under three levels of salt treatments (0, 1, and 2 g/kg NaCl) in a greenhouse. We found that invasive O. biennis exhibited greater performance over native C. album and I. japonica, but lower performance compared to A. argyi, regardless of the soil salinity. However, salinity did not significantly affect the relative dominance of O. biennis. Interspecific competition enhanced the growth of O. biennis and inhibited the growth of I. japonica. Although O. biennis seedlings always had growth dominance over C. album seedlings, C. album was not affected by O. biennis at any salt level. At high salt levels, O. biennis inhibited the growth of A. argyi, while A. argyi did not affect the growth of O. biennis. Salt alleviated the competitive effect of O. biennis on I. japonica but did not mitigate the competition between O. biennis and the other two native species. Therefore, our study provides evidence for a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of alien species under various salinity conditions.
Real-life functioning in women with schizophrenia living in residential facilities: Gender-based comparison
Authors: Rusakovskaya Olga , Kharitonova Natalia , Movina Larisa , Papsuev Oleg
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Despite many patients with schizophrenia being able to achieve good functional outcomes, the number of patients with poor functional outcome estimates at over 25 percent. One of the wider constructs, reflecting functional outcomes in schizophrenia, is real-life functioning, whose key domains include ability to live relatively autonomously, productive activity and social interaction. Negative symptoms are seen among independent predictors of real-life functioning. As most researchers agree that schizophrenia is a disease with gender differences in terms of both clinical and functional outcomes, the goal of our observational study was to examine real-life functioning of women with schizophrenia, living in residential care facilities, and study the relationship between daily functioning and negative symptoms.

Methods

Using the Standardized Protocol of Clinical Interview and observation for 1 or more weeks, we examined 46 females with schizophrenia, living in psychiatric residential facilities and compared them with 54 males with schizophrenia, living in the same facilities. In a pilot study 21 subjects with schizophrenia (13 females and 8 males), were evaluated by the Russian version of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS).

Results

To the results, more females with schizophrenia, compared to males with schizophrenia, remained active and took initiative in their physical care, vocational activities, involvement in cultural events, and maintained friendly relationships with other inmates. We have identified a group of inmates, in which females prevailed, with less pronounced negative symptoms and a higher level of social functioning, who did not need residential social care in the institutions.

Discussion

Limitations of residential social care in the institutions for psychiatric patients are discussed.
The use of IVF/ICSI and risk of postpartum hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study of 153,765 women in China
Authors: Tang Di , Cheng Yufeng , Feng Xiaosheng , Li Xiaocui , Coyte Peter C.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Identifying women who are at high risk of PPH is crucial for implementing early preventive and interventive strategies. This study aimed to examine whether there is an association between the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) /intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and increased risk of PPH.

Method

This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record data from women who delivered at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China, between January 1, 2013 and April 30, 2019. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between the use of IVF/ICSI and the risk of PPH.

Results

A total of 153,765 pregnant women were included, of which 6,484 conceived through IVF/ICSI and147,281 conceived naturally. The incidence of PPH was 1.9% in this cohort. The incidence of PPH in women who conceived through IVF/ICSI was significantly higher than those in women who conceived naturally (3.4% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.01). The use of IVF/ICSI was associated with an increase in the amount of postpartum blood loss. Compared to women who conceived naturally, the average amount of postpartum blood loss increased by 42.1 mL (β = 42.1, 95% CI, 38.2–46.0) for women who conceived through IVF/ICSI. In addition, women who conceived through IVF/ICSI were at higher risk of maternal PPH. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of PPH in women who conceived through ART was 2.7 (OR = 2.7, 95% CI, 2.3–3.1).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that women who conceived through IVF/ICSI were at higher risk of PPH and suggested to obstetricians and midwives to identify and implement early preventative strategies for PPH among pregnant women who conceived through IVF/ICSI.
Impact of socioeconomic position on the utilization of rehabilitation services among the Chinese older adults disabled by injury
Authors: Wang Yi-Ran , Luo Ya-Nan , Fan Ya-Lin , Fan Yun-Yi , Zheng Xiao-Ying
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to explore the utilization of rehabilitation services and associated socioeconomic position (SEP) factors among Chinese older adults disabled by injury.

Methods

Data from the second China National Sample Survey on Disability (CSSD) were used in this study. Chi-square test was used to analyze the significant differences between groups, and binary logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for socioeconomic factors associated with utilization of rehabilitation services among Chinese older adults disabled by injury.

Results

Among the older adults disabled by injury in the CSSD, the gap between demand and utilization of medical treatment, assistive devices and rehabilitation training were around 38, 75, and 64%, respectively. This study revealed two relationship patterns (“high-low-high” and “low-high-low”) among SEP, prevalence of injury-caused disability and odds of utilization of rehabilitation services among the Chinese older adults disabled by injury, that is, the older adult with higher SEP have a lower prevalence of injury-caused disability, but a higher odds of utilization of rehabilitation services; conversely, the older adults with lower SEP have a relatively higher prevalence but a lower odds of utilization of rehabilitation services.

Conclusion

There is a large gap between the high demand and low utilization of rehabilitation services among the Chinese older adults disabled by injury, especially for those living in the central or western regions or rural areas, without insurance or disability certificate, having the annual household per capita income lower than the national average or lower educational level. Strategies to improve the disability manage system, to strengthen the chain of “information discovery-information transmission-rehabilitation services supply-continuous health monitoring and management” for the older adults disabled by injury are warranted. In view of the poor and illiterate groups among the disabled older adults, to enhance medical aids and popularize the scientific information to compensate for the lack of affordability and awareness of rehabilitation services utilization is essential. In addition, it is necessary to further expand the coverage and improve the payment system of medical insurance for rehabilitation services.
Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults
Authors: Wang Qiao , Hu Shimin , Pan Na Clara , Zhang Tingting , Ren Liankun , Wang Yuping
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Compared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.

Methods

The present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.

Results

A total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (< 6 h/day, sleep complaints HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15–1.69) or recommended (6–8 h/day, sleep complaints HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.31) sleep duration group.

Discussion

In conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.
The impact of users' trust on intention to use the mobile medical platform: Evidence from China
Authors: He Jinjiang
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The mobile medical platform effectively complements offline medical services as it can provide patients with broader and more convenient medical services, effectively solving the shortage of medical resources in the public health system. Although the public interest in healthcare service platforms continues to rise, the market data shows that the adoption and acceptance have not reached a high level. How to increase the utilization rate of the mobile medical platform to relieve medical pressure has become an urgent issue to be discussed. Based on the framework of “trust-intention” this research introduces innovation acceptance and technical risk concerns as the two moderating variables to attempt to build a research model of users' intention to use the mobile medical platform. The analysis illustrated that users' trust in the mobile medical platform would positively affect their use intention. The researchers further explored the moderating role of innovation acceptance and technical risk concerns.

Methods

Use questionnaire to collect data in China, then use the OLS least square method for the regression test.

Results

The results showed that users with high personal innovation acceptance would positively promote the relationship between trust and use intention. In contrast, users who are more concerned about the risks of innovative technologies will weaken the relationship between trust and use intention.

Discussion

The findings theoretically extend the academic research of use intention to the specific context of the mobile medical platform and enrich the research framework of “trust-intention”.
The relationships of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave longitudinal study in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Li Hexian , Zhao Jingjing , Chen Rui , Liu Hui , Xu Xixing , Xu Jing , Jiang Xiaoxu , Pang Mingli , Wang Jieru , Li Shixue , Hou Jiaxiang , Kong Fanlei
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Studies have shown that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to long-term health problems; therefore, more attention should be paid to the mental health of university students. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal effects of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on the mental health of Chinese college students during COVID-19.

Methods

We recruited 2,948 university students from five universities in Shandong Province. We used a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to estimate the impact of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on mental health.

Results

In the follow-up survey, the prevalence of anxiety (44.8% at T1 vs 41.2% at T2) and stress (23.0% at T1 vs 19.6% at T2) decreased over time, whereas the prevalence of depression (35.2% at T1 vs 36.9% at T2) increased significantly (P < 0.001). Senior students were more likely to report depression (OR = 1.710, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.815, P = 0.019), and stress (OR = 1.385, P = 0.011). Among all majors, medical students were most likely to report depression (OR = 1.373, P = 0.021), anxiety (OR = 1.310, P = 0.040), and stress (OR = 1.775, P < 0.001). Students who wore a mask outside were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.761, P = 0.027) and anxiety (OR = 0.686, P = 0.002) compared to those who did not wear masks. Students who complied with the standard hand-washing technique were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.628, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.701, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Students who maintained a distance of one meter in queues were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.668, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.634, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Psychological resilience was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.980, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.976, P < 0.001).

Discussion

The prevalence of depression among university students increased at follow-up, while the prevalence of anxiety and stress decreased. Senior students and medical students are vulnerable groups. University students should continue to follow relevant preventive behaviors to protect their mental health. Improving psychological resilience may help maintain and promote university students' mental health.
Who would rescue the dilemma of Chinese elderly care? An evolutionary game analysis and simulation research on the formalization of the domestic service industry with subsidy policy
Authors: Ren Meina , Chang Xiaozhu , Du Shasha , Liu Linping
Published: March 2023

Since China entered the aging society, the surging demand for elderly care and the industrial upgrading of “silver economy” has forced the domestic service industry to face endogenous challenges. Among them, the formalization of the domestic service industry can effectively reduce the transaction costs and risks of actors, innovate the endogenous vitality of the industry, and promote the improvement of elderly care quality through a triangular employment relationship. By constructing a tripartite asymmetric evolutionary game model of clients, domestic enterprises and governmental departments, this study uses the stability theorem of differential equations to explore the influencing factors and action paths of the system's evolutionary stable strategies (ESS), and uses the research data collected from China to assign values to models for simulation analysis. This study finds that the ratio of the initial ideal strategy, the difference between profits and costs, subsidies to clients, and subsidies or punishments for breach of contract to domestic enterprises are the key factors affecting the formalization of the domestic service industry. Subsidy policy programs can be divided into long-term and periodic programs, and there are differences in the influence paths and effects of the key factors in different situations. Increasing domestic enterprises' market share with employee management systems, formulating subsidy programs for clients, and setting up evaluation and supervision mechanisms are efficient ways through which to promote the formalization of the domestic service industry in China. Subsidy policy of governmental departments should focus on improving the professional skills and quality of elderly care domestic workers, and also encourage domestic enterprises with employee management systems at the same time, to expand the scope of service beneficiaries by running nutrition restaurants in communities, cooperating with elderly care institutions, etc.
QATCHEPP: A quality assessment tool for critical health promotion practice
Authors: O'Hara Lily , Taylor Jane
Published: March 2023

Background

The origins of health promotion are based in critical practice; however, health promotion practice is still dominated by selective biomedical and behavioral approaches, which are insufficient to reduce health inequities resulting from the inequitable distribution of structural and systemic privilege and power. The Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model (RLCHPM), developed to enhance critical practice, includes values and principles that practitioners can use to critically reflect on health promotion practice. Existing quality assessment tools focus primarily on technical aspects of practice rather than the underpinning values and principles. The aim of this project was to develop a quality assessment tool to support critical reflection using the values and principles of critical health promotion. The purpose of the tool is to support the reorientation of health promotion practice toward a more critical approach.

Research design

We used Critical Systems Heuristics as the theoretical framework to develop the quality assessment tool. First, we refined the values and principles in the RLCHPM, then created critical reflective questions, refined the response categories, and added a scoring system.

Results

The Quality Assessment Tool for Critical Health Promotion Practice (QATCHEPP) includes 10 values and associated principles. Each value is a critical health promotion concept, and its associated principle provides a description of how the value is enacted in professional practice. QATCHEPP includes a set of three reflective questions for each value and associated principle. For each question, users score the practice as strongly, somewhat, or minimally/not at all reflective of critical health promotion practice. A percentage summary score is generated with 85% or above indicative of strongly critical practice, 50% ≤ 84% is somewhat critical practice, and < 50% minimally or does not reflect critical practice.

Conclusion

QATCHEPP provides theory-based heuristic support for practitioners to use critical reflection to assess the extent to which practice aligns with critical health promotion. QATCHEPP can be used as part of the Red Lotus Critical Promotion Model or as an independent quality assessment tool to support the orientation of health promotion toward critical practice. This is essential to ensure that health promotion practice contributes to enhancing health equity.
Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
Authors: He Chao , Wu Qian , Li Bin , Liu Jianhua , Gong Xi , Zhang Lu
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Within the context of the yearly improvement of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Chinese cities, Surface ozone (O3) concentrations are increasing instead of decreasing and are becoming the second most important air pollutant after PM. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 can have adverse effects on human health. In-depth investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns, exposure risks, and drivers of O3 is relevant for assessing the future health burden of O3 pollution and implementing air pollution control policies in China.

Methods

Based on high-resolution O3 concentration reanalysis data, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns, population exposure risks, and dominant drivers of O3 pollution in China from 2013 to 2018 utilizing trend analysis methods, spatial clustering models, exposure-response functions, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models (MGWR).

Results

The results show that the annual average O3 concentration in China increased significantly at a rate of 1.84 μg/m3/year from 2013 to 2018 (160 μg/m3) in China increased from 1.2% in 2013 to 28.9% in 2018, and over 20,000 people suffered premature death from respiratory diseases attributed to O3 exposure each year. Thus, the sustained increase in O3 concentrations in China is an important factor contributing to the increasing threat to human health. Furthermore, the results of spatial regression models indicate that population, the share of secondary industry in GDP, NOx emissions, temperature, average wind speed, and relative humidity are important determinants of O3 concentration variation and significant spatial differences are observed.

Discussion

The spatial differences of drivers result in the spatial heterogeneity of O3 concentration and exposure risks in China. Therefore, the O3 control policies adapted to various regions should be formulated in the future O3 regulation process in China.
Facilitators and barriers of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 during Ramadan: A phenomenology of Indonesian adults
Authors: Wibowo Rakhmat Ari , Hartarto Romi Bhakti , Bhattacharjee Arnab , Wardani Dyah Titis Kusuma , Sambodo Novat Pugo , Santoso Utomo Prattama , Annisa Luthvia , Hakim Mohamad Saifudin , Sofyana Meida , Dewi Fatwa Sari Tetra
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Intercity mobility restriction, physical distancing, and mask-wearing are preventive behaviors to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. However, strong cultural and religious traditions become particular challenges in Indonesia. This study uses the Behavior Change Wheel to explore barriers and facilitators for intercity mobility restriction, physical distancing, and mask-wearing during Ramadan.

Methods

Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 50 Indonesian adults were conducted between 10 April and 4 June 2020. Having mapped codes into the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior (COM-B), and Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) model, we conducted summative content analysis to analyze the most identified factors to preventive behaviors and proposed interventions to address those factors.

Results

Belief about the consequence of preventive behaviors was the most mentioned facilitator to all preventive behaviors among compliers. However, optimism as a TDF factor was commonly mentioned as a barrier to preventive behaviors among non-compliers, while environmental context and resources were the most commonly mentioned factors for intercity mobility restriction.

Conclusions

Public health intervention should be implemented considering the persuasion and involvement of religious and local leaders. Concerning job and economic context, policy related to the intercity mobility restriction should be reconsidered to prevent a counterproductive effect.
µRT: A lightweight real-time middleware with integrated validation of timing constraints
Authors: Schöpping Thomas , Kenneweg Svenja , Hesse Marc , Rückert Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Middlewares are standard tools for modern software development in many areas, especially in robotics. Although such have become common for high-level applications, there is little support for real-time systems and low-level control. Therefore, µRT provides a lightweight solution for resource-constrained embedded systems, such as microcontrollers. It features publish–subscribe communication and remote procedure calls (RPCs) and can validate timing constraints at runtime. In contrast to other middlewares, µRT does not rely on specific transports for communication but can be used with any technology. Empirical results prove the small memory footprint, consistent temporal behavior, and predominantly linear scaling. The usability of µRT was found to be competitive with state-of-the-art solutions by means of a study.
Determining the primary sources of uncertainty in the retrieval of marine remote sensing reflectance from satellite ocean color sensors II. Sentinel 3 OLCI sensors
Authors: Gilerson Alexander , Herrera-Estrella Eder , Agagliate Jacopo , Foster Robert , Gossn Juan I. , Dessailly David , Kwiatkowska Ewa
Published: March 2023

Uncertainties in remote sensing reflectance Rrs for the Ocean Color sensors strongly affect the quality of the retrieval of concentrations of chlorophyll-a and water properties. By comparison of data from SNPP VIIRS and several AERONET-OC stations and MOBY, it was recently shown that the main uncertainties come from the Rayleigh-type spectral component (Gilerson et al., 2022), which was associated with small variability in the Rayleigh optical thickness in the atmosphere and/or its calculation. In addition, water variability spectra proportional to Rrs were found to play a significant role in coastal waters, while other components including radiances from aerosols and glint were small. This work expands on the previous study, following a similar procedure and applying the same model for the characterization of uncertainties to the Sentinel-3A and B OLCI sensors. It is shown that the primary sources of uncertainties are the same as for VIIRS, i.e., dominated by the Rayleigh-type component, with the total uncertainties for OLCI sensors typically higher in coastal areas than for VIIRS.
Aerodynamic Thermal Simulation and Heat Flux Distribution Study of Mechanical Expansion Reentry Vehicle
Authors: Sun Junjie , Zhu Hao , Xu Dajun , Cai Guobiao
Published: March 2023

The mechanical expansion reentry vehicle has become the focus of deep space exploration because of its good deceleration effect and high stability. However, due to its special aerodynamic shape, its surface heat flux characteristics are different from traditional reentry vehicles. In this paper, the Two-Temperature model is introduced to simulate heat flux distribution. The influence of different structure parameters and flight parameters on the flow field structure and surface heat flux is also analyzed. The research shows that the Two-Temperature model can improve the prediction accuracy and that the heat flux may peak at the both the head and shoulder of the vehicle. Structural parameters RB, RN, and θ have an obvious negative effect on QO. RB, RN, RR, and LZ have a negative correlation with QR. QR drops first and then rises as θ increases and RS decreases. Flight parameters Ma have a positive effect on QO and QR while H is negative; α makes the heat flux distribution asymmetric.
The Influence of Remediation with Bacillus and Paenibacillus Strains and Biochar on the Biological Activity of Petroleum-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Haplic Chernozem
Authors: Minnikova Tatiana , Kolesnikov Sergey , Minin Nikita , Gorovtsov Andrey , Vasilchenko Nikita , Chistyakov Vladimir
Published: March 2023

The effect of bacterial strains on certain genera, both independently and in combination with biochar in various options, on petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition in chernozem and the restoration of the ecological state of the soil were studied. To simulate petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, petroleum hydrocarbons were introduced into soil in the amount of 5% of soil weight. Strains of Bacillus and Paenibacillus bacteria (in recommended and increased doses × 100) and biochar (1% of soil weight) were introduced into contaminated soil separately and together. It was found that after 30 days, the oil content decreased with the joint introduction of an increased dose of Bacillus, Panibacillus and biochar by 64%, as well as with the inoculation of biochar with Bacillus and Panibacillus bacteria at the recommended dose by 67%. The introduction of biochar, inoculated with BP and BP × 100, contributed to an increase in the intensity of CO2 emission compared to the background by 5–10%. With the joint introduction of BP + B, stimulation was 70%, with an increase in the concentration of BP × 100–115%. The preparation BP and BP × 100 introduced with biochar stimulated the activity of the enzyme by 49 and 61%; with the preinoculation of BP in biochar, stimulation was 27% relative to the background value. The most informative biological indicators when introducing ameliorants of biochar, Bacillus and Paenibacillus were the total number of bacteria, the length of the barley roots and the catalase activity, demonstrating the greatest sensitivity. The results of the study should be used for the remediation and biomonitoring of the state of oil-contaminated soils.
Agronomic, Economic and Environmental Comparative of Different Aeration Systems for On-Farm Composting
Authors: Valverde-Orozco Víctor , Gavilanes-Terán Irene , Idrovo-Novillo Julio , Carrera-Beltrán Lourdes , Basantes-Cascante Cristian , Bustamante Maria Angeles , Paredes Concepción
Published: March 2023

On-farm composting of agro-livestock wastes can be considered the most appropriate method for their recycling. Pile turning (PW) is one of the most widely used aeration systems for composting. However, this system has long composting periods and is inefficient at supplying oxygen and controlling the temperature. To minimize these drawbacks, the combination of turnings with forced aeration (PR) is an option; in this work, this combination was compared to PW as an aeration system for the co-composting of vegetable waste with different manures. In this comparative study, the evolution of the process, the compost quality and the economic and environmental impacts of the process were evaluated. The PR system was more appropriate for obtaining sanitized composts (the temperature was ≥55 °C for at least three consecutive days) with an adequate degree of maturity. Furthermore, this system reduced the organic matter and nutrient losses, yielding composts with higher agronomic value and a higher total combined value of the nutrients than those obtained using the PW system. However, the energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions were lower for the PW system, since this aeration system was based only on turnings without the use of forced aeration, as in the case of the PR system. Agricultural valorization of composts will offset this energy consumption and its impact, since it will contribute to reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers. However, more studies are required on the PR composting system and other agro-livestock wastes for the creation of centralized on-farm composting sites, where all steps of the composting chain are optimized.
Increased SIRT1 Concentration Following Four Years of Selenium and Q10 Intervention Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality at 10-Year Follow-Up—Sub-Study of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Opstad Trine Baur , Alexander Jan , Aaseth Jan , Larsson Anders , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Alehagen Urban
Published: March 2023

Background: Selenium and coenzyme Q10 (SeQ10) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially mediated via Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). We aimed to investigate the influence of a SeQ10 intervention on SIRT1 concentration, with potential interactions with microRNAs. Methods: In this sub-study of a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, healthy subjects (mean age 76 years) were randomized to receive an active treatment (n = 165, combined 200 µg/day of Se and 200 mg/day of Q10) or a placebo (n = 161). SIRT1 concentration and microRNAs were measured with ELISA and PCR, respectively. Results: After four years, SIRT1 concentration was increased in the active treatment group, with mean (SD) ng/mL of 469 (436) vs. 252 (162), p < 0.001, and decreased in the placebo group, 190 (186) vs. 269 (172), p = 0.002, and the differences between the groups were significant (p = 0.006, adjusted). Those who suffered CV death during a 10-year follow-up (n = 25 and n = 52 in the active treatment and placebo groups, respectively) had significantly lower baseline SIRT1 concentrations compared to the survivors (p < 0.001). MiR-130a-3p was significantly downregulated during the intervention and correlated inversely with SIRT1 at baseline (r = −0.466, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The increased SIRT1 concentration after the SeQ10 intervention associated with reduced CV mortality, partly mediated via miR-1303a-3p, suggests that SIRT1 is an additional mediator of the intervention, preventing vascular ageing.
Host–Guest Complexes HP-β-CD/Citrus Antioxidants: Exploratory Evaluations of Enhanced Properties in Biodegradable Film Packaging
Authors: Gallo Giovanni , Zannini Domenico , Immirzi Barbara , De Bruno Alessandra , Fiorentino Gabriella , Dal Poggetto Giovanni
Published: March 2023

The aim of this work was to exploit the antioxidant potential of molecules recovered during the pectin purification process of citrus lemon waste and to encapsulate them in stable pectin films, with a view to a green and circular economy process. Antioxidant molecules were recovered during the pectin purification process, further recovering matter from the waste. Seven molecules were identified and quantified, and the antioxidant power of the mixture and its stability over time was evaluated. To improve the stability of the bioactive fraction, this was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD); indeed, this procedure increased their thermal stability from 120 °C up to 250 °C, as verified by thermogravimetry. Furthermore, the most promising complexes were studied under autoclave-like conditions (120 °C, 28 min) to simulate thermal sterilization. The antioxidants and HP-β-CD were combined in a pectin film, showing increased stability over time (up to three times) compared to uncomplexed antioxidants. This process represents a first step towards the development of applicable devices for the delivery of antioxidant molecules.
Photobiomodulation Controls Keratinocytes Inflammatory Response through Nrf2 and Reduces Langerhans Cells Activation
Authors: Salman Sara , Guermonprez Cyprien , Peno-Mazzarino Laurent , Lati Elian , Rousseaud Audrey , Declercq Lieve , Kerdine-Römer Saadia
Published: March 2023

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is rapidly gaining traction as a valuable tool in dermatology for treating many inflammatory skin conditions using low levels of visible light or near-infrared radiation. However, the physiological regulatory pathways responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of PBM have not been well defined. Since previous studies showed that nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the skin inflammatory response, we have addressed its role in controlling inflammation by PBM. Primary human keratinocytes (KCs) stimulated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to mimic pro-inflammatory stress were illuminated with two wavelengths: 660 nm or 520 nm. Both lights significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the DNCB-triggered TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in KCs, while they enhanced Nrf2 pathway activation. PBM-induced Nrf2 is a key regulator of the inflammatory response in KCs since its absence abolished the regulatory effect of light on cytokines production. Further investigations of the mechanisms contributing to the immunoregulatory effect of PBM in inflamed human skin explants showed that 660 nm light prevented Langerhans cells migration into the dermis, preserving their dendricity, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to the DNCB-treated group. This study is the first to report that the PBM-mediated anti-inflammatory response in KCs is Nrf2-dependent and further support the role of PBM in skin immunomodulation. Therefore, PBM should be considered a promising alternative or complementary therapeutic approach for treating skin-related inflammatory diseases.
Understanding of Customer Decision-Making Behaviors Depending on Online Reviews
Authors: Noh Yeo-Gyeong , Jeon Junryeol , Hong Jin-Hyuk
Published: March 2023

With a never-ending stream of reviews propagating online, consumers encounter countless good and bad reviews. Depending on which reviews consumers read, they get a different impression of the product. In this paper, we focused on the relationship between the text and numerical information of reviews to gain a better understanding of the decision-making process of consumers affected by the reviews. We evaluated the decisions that consumers made when encountering the review structure of star ratings paired with comments, with respect to three research questions: (1) how consumers compare two products with reviews, (2) how they individually perceive a product based on the corresponding reviews, and (3) how they interpret star ratings and comments. Through the user study, we confirmed that consumers consider reviews differently according to product presentation conditions. When consumers were comparing products, they were more influenced by star ratings, whereas when they were evaluating individual products, they were more influenced by comments. Additionally, consumers planning to buy a product examined star ratings by more stringent criteria than those who had already purchased the product.