bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotrias penedana sp. n. a new species of Lepidoptera (Tortricidae: Chlidanotinae: Polyorthini) from Portugal
Authors: Trematerra P.
Published: January 2015

A new species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera: Chlidanotinae: Polyorthini), Isotrias penedana sp. n., is described. The new species was collected in Serra da Peneda, in the Peneda-Gerês National Park located in the north-western region of Portugal. I. penedana differs from other species of the genus Isotrias by shape of the forewing and the male genitalia. In the new species forewing markings are completely atrophied or indistinct. The socii are short and broad, covered with long setae, and the costa of the valva is hardly concave basally. The imago and male genitalia are illustrated.
Some biological aspects of Leucothyreus femoratus (Burmeister) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), in oil palm plantations from Colombia
Authors: Martínez L.C. , Plata-Rueda A.
Published: January 2015

The scarabaeid Leucothyreus femoratus (Burmeister) is described as causing damage to oil palm leaves, marking its first report as a pest in Colombia. The presence of this insect has necessitated determination of its life cycle, biometrics and food consumption as important aspects of its biology. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in the municipality of San Vicente, Santander, Colombia. Mass rearing of L. femoratus was conducted, simulating field conditions and eating habits under laboratory conditions. Its life cycle and description of its developmental stages were determined, taking into account stage-specific survival. The duration of the life cycle of L. femoratus was determined to be 170.4±6.53, with an overall survival rate of 96.7%. Biometrical measurements were taken of the insect’s width, length and weight. Adults are black, and males and females are differentiated by size and by colour of their legs. The width, length and weight of the insect are proportional to the growth stage. Daily food consumption rate was evaluated in adult L. femoratus, and damage to leaves of Elaeis guineensis is described. Adult L. femoratus consumed 13 mm2 of foliage per day, and injury to leaves of E. guineensis was square or rectangular in shape. This insect’s life cycle duration and size are factors that could be considered in determining its feeding habits and pest status. Details of the life cycle, physical description and consumption rate of L. femoratus can help in the development of strategies to manage its populations in oil palm plantations.
Proteolytic compartmentalization and activity in the midgut of Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Sorkhabi-Abdolmaleki S. , Zibaee A. , Hoda H. , Hosseini R. , Fazeli-Dinan M.
Published: January 2015

Digestive proteolytic activity in the alimentary canal of Andrallus spinidens, a potential biocontrol agent of lepidopteran larvae, was studied by considering enzyme compartmentalization and diversity. The alimentary canal of adults consists of a foregut, a four- sectioned midgut, namely V1 to V4 (ventriculus), and a hindgut. The optimal pH for general proteolytic activity was found to be at pH 8 with a small peak at pH 6. Results revealed that there are several specific proteases in the midgut of A. spinidens, including trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and elastase as serine proteases, and cathepsins B, L and D as cysteine proteases, in addition to two exopeptidases of carboxy- and aminopetidases. Compartmentalization of digestive proteolytic activity showed that V3 is the main area of proteolytic secretion for both general and specific proteases and that V4 has the lowest enzymatic role, so that four out of the eight specific proteases found showed no activity in this section. The lowest and the highest proteolytic activity was found to be in the 1st and 4th nymphal instars, respectively. Using the specific inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, Na-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, Ntosyl- L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-( 4-guanidino)-butane, cystatin, phenanthroline and ethylendiamidetetraacetic acid, we verified the presence of all specific proteases noted using both biochemical assays and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our findings demonstrated that A. spinidens could utilize several caterpillars because of the presence of various of proteases in its midgut.
Anoplophora Chinensis & Anoplophora Glabripennis: new tools for predicting, detecting and fighting. How to save our forests and our urban green spaces
Authors: Co-ordinated by: This Supplement has been , Ciampitti Mariangela , Cavagna Beniamino
Published: January 2015

Special issue on:

Anoplophora Chinensis & Anoplophora Glabripennis: new tools for predicting, detecting and fighting.
How to save our forests and our urban green spaces

Milan, 9-11 May 2012

 

A conference sponsored by the OECD’s co-operative research programme on biological resource management for sustainable agricultural systems
Verbal Hygiene in the Use of the English Language: A Tool for Unity, Conflict Resolution and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Nzekwu IJ
Published: January 2015

The place of cultivating good verbal hygiene is fundamental towards achieving unity, conflict resolution and sustainable development in a linguistically, ethnically, culturally and politically diversified Nigerian society. The concept of verbal hygiene seeks to emphasize the use of respectful and unbiased words to express our opinions in given social context. Even though, freedom of speech is guaranteed for all citizens, it has been abused by Nigerian leaders who capitalize on this opportunity to achieve their selfish and hateful agenda. The recent condemnation of Awolowo has sparked off verbal wars between Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups because of humanitarian issues raised by Achebe. Again, through unguarded and evil utterances of Northern leaders like Major General Buhari, Lawal Kaita and other Muslim clerics thousands of lives have been lost. In this paper, we have discussed extensively, how effective use of words can be utilized to achieve sustainable development in Nigeria.
Outline and Interpretation of Ritual Symbols and Behaviours in Isiokpo-Ikwerre Religious Thought
Authors: Tasie GIK
Published: January 2015

This study focuses on ritual symbols and behaviours among the Isiokpo-Ikwerre, a people who occupy the north-eastern fringes of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Our findings reveal that symbol in Isiokpo-Ikwerre religious thought is a kind of representation, but it is also more than that. When it occurs spontaneously, it can foretell the occurrence of that which it represents. Thus, symbols for the Isiokpo-Ikwerre, are not just mere representations or labels. They are seen as capable of affecting the objects they symbolize. In sum, they are seen as having representative, predictive and causal powers.Key Words: Interpretation; Ritual Symbols; Behaviours and Religious Thought
The Place of Idealism in Scientific –Technological Advancement in Nigeria
Authors: Ehigie JO , Osaigbovo JE
Published: January 2015

Idealism, a School of Thought which emphasizes a kind of philosophy that described ultimate reality as ‘thought’ or ‘mind’ has fallen under the sledge hammer of some philosophers, especially the empiricists because, the empiricists believe that Idealism has no practical or empirical basis. Due to the current emphasis on the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge in Nigeria, there has been the coming together of the wits on how best to achieve the said objective. This paper is aimed at contributing its quota by daring to propose Idealism as inevitability in the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the role of Idealism in Scientific Technological Advancement in Nigeria. While trying to do this, this writer critically examined the epistemological position of the Idealists, bringing out the inadequacies. Then proceeded to bring out the plausible roles Idealism would probably play in the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge.
Incidence of Gummosis and Its Effect on Growth Attributes of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. and Taminalia mantaly H. Perrier in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Omokhua GE , Chima UD
Published: January 2015

Fifteen years old trees of Terminalia ivorensis and Taminalia mantaly established as landscape plants were studied for gummosis incidence and its effects on the species growth attributes. The study was conducted at the University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria in January to December, 2011. The result showed that Phytophlthora palmivora is the causal pathogen of gummosis in Terminalia ivorensis and T. mantaly at the University of Port Harcourt. The disease incidence was 76% and 29.5% in T. mantaly and T. ivorensis respectively. There were significant differences in disease incidence between the two species at 5% level of probability. The disease also had significant impact on the growth attributes of the two species. There were significant differences between healthy and infested trees of the species at 5% level of probability. An integrated management approach should be developed to curb the incidence of the diseases and reduce its effects on growth and development of the Terminalia species. The strategies should involve: appropriate cultural practices to mitigate disease spread, application of environmental friendly practices and breeding for resistant varieties.Keywords: incidence, Gummosis, growth, Terminalia ivorensis, T.mantaly, Phytophthora palmivora
Assessment of Water Supply Quality in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeabasili ACC , Okoro BU , Okonkwo AU
Published: January 2015

The patronage of water of questionable qualities in the study area due to the failure of the Anambra State Water Corporation to provide potable water supply in Awka and environs prompted this research work. Various water sources patronized in the study area were collected and subjected to physical, chemical and microbial analysis to determine their pollution/contamination status. The work revealed that the surface and borehole/well Water sources are microbiologically polluted. Ca+2 and Mg+2 levels in water samples were high, this results to hard water. Fe+2 concentrations in the water samples ranged from 1.20-5.00 mg/l. 100% of samples exceeded the MPL of 0.3mg/l, low pH favours oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, giving an objectionable reddish-brown colour to the water. Iron also promotes the growth of “iron bacteria”. Aggressive public awareness of the pollution status, routine check of the water quality and increased sanitary conditions in the study area in order to ameliorate this problem were recommended.Keywords: Patronage, Contamination, Aggressive, Water Quality
Observation and analysis of speciated atmospheric mercury in Shangri-La, Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang H. , Fu X. W. , Lin C.-J. , Wang X. , Feng X. B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This study reports the concentrations and potential sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at the Shangri-La Atmosphere Watch Regional Station (SAWRS), a pristine high-altitude site (3580 m a.s.l.) in Tibetan Plateau, China. Total gaseous mercury (TGM, defined as the sum of gaseous elemental mercury, GEM, and gaseous oxidized mercury, GOM), GOM and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) were monitored from November 2009 to November 2010 to investigate the characteristics and potential influence of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the Westerlies on atmospheric transport of mercury. The mean concentrations (± standard deviation) of TGM, PBM and GOM were 2.55 ± 0.73 ng m−3, 38.82 ± 31.26 pg m−3 and 8.22 ± 7.90 pg m−3, respectively. A notable seasonal pattern of TGM concentrations was observed with higher concentrations at the beginning and the end of the ISM season. High TGM concentrations (> 2.5 ng m−3) were associated with the transport of dry air that carried regional anthropogenic emissions from both Chinese domestic and foreign (e.g., Myanmar, Bay of Bengal, and northern India) sources based on analysis of HYSPLIT4 back trajectories. Somewhat lower PBM and GOM levels during the ISM period were attributed to the enhanced wet scavenging. The high GOM and PBM were likely caused by local photo-chemical transformation under low RH and the domestic biofuel burning in cold seasons.
Evaluation of the GEM-AQ model in the context of the AQMEII Phase 1 project
Authors: Struzewska J. , Zdunek M. , Kaminski J. W. , Lobocki L. , Porebska M. , Jefimow M. , Gawuc L.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In the scope of the AQMEII Phase 1 project the GEM-AQ model was run over Europe for the year 2006. The modelling domain was defined using a global variable resolution grid with a rotated equator and uniform resolution of 0.2° × 0.2° over the European continent. Spatial distribution and temporal variability of the GEM-AQ model results were analysed for surface ozone and PM10 concentrations. Model results were compared with measurements available in the ENSEMBLE database. Statistical measures were used to evaluate performance of the GEM-AQ model. The mean bias error, the mean absolute gross error and the Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated for the maximum 8 h running average ozone concentrations and daily mean PM10 concentrations. The GEM-AQ model performance was characterised for station types, European climatic regions, and seasons. The best performance for ozone was obtained at suburban stations and the worst performance was obtained for rural stations where the model tends to underestimate. The best results for PM10 were calculated for urban stations, while over most of Europe concentrations at rural sites were too high. Discrepancies between modelled and observed concentrations were discussed in the context of emission data uncertainty as well as the impact of large scale dynamics and circulation of air masses. Presented analyses suggest that interpretation of modelling results is enhanced when regional climate characteristics are ta ken into consideration.
Atmospheric inversion of surface carbon flux with consideration of the spatial distribution of US crop production and consumption
Authors: Chen J. M. , Fung J. W. , Mo G. , Deng F. , West T. O.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In order to improve quantification of the spatial distribution of carbon sinks and sources in the conterminous US, we conduct a nested global atmospheric inversion with detailed spatial information on crop production and consumption. County-level cropland net primary productivity, harvested biomass, soil carbon change, and human and livestock consumption data over the conterminous US are used for this purpose. Time-dependent Bayesian synthesis inversions are conducted based on CO2 observations at 210 stations to infer CO2 fluxes globally at monthly time steps with a nested focus on 30 regions in North America. Prior land surface carbon fluxes are first generated using a biospheric model, and the inversions are constrained using prior fluxes with and without adjustments for crop production and consumption over the 2002–2007 period. After these adjustments, the inverted regional carbon sink in the US Midwest increases from 0.25 ± 0.03 to 0.42 ± 0.13 Pg C yr−1, whereas the large sink in the US southeast forest region is weakened from 0.41 ± 0.12 to 0.29 ± 0.12 Pg C yr−1. These adjustments also reduce the inverted sink in the west region from 0.066 ± 0.04 to 0.040 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1 because of high crop consumption and respiration by humans and livestock. The general pattern of sink increases in crop production areas and sink decreases (or source increases) in crop consumption areas highlights the importance of considering the lateral carbon transfer in crop products in atmospheric inverse modeling, which provides a reliable atmospheric perspective of the overall carbon balance at the continental scale but is unreliable for separating fluxes from different ecosystems.
Partially coupled spin-up of the MPI-ESM: implementation and first results
Authors: Thoma M. , Gerdes R. , Greatbatch R. J. , Ding H.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Large-scale fully coupled Earth system models (ESMs) are usually applied in climate projections like the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports. In these models internal variability is often within the correct order of magnitude compared with the observed climate, but due to internal variability and arbitrary initial conditions they are not able to reproduce the observed timing of climate events or shifts as for instance observed in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), or the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Additional information about the real climate history is necessary to constrain ESMs; not only to emulate the past climate, but also to introduce a potential forecast skill into these models through a proper initialisation. We attempt to do this by extending the fully coupled climate model Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) using a partial coupling technique (Modini-MPI-ESM). This method is implemented by adding reanalysis wind-field anomalies to the MPI-ESM's inherent climatological wind field when computing the surface wind stress that is used to drive the ocean and sea ice model. Using anomalies instead of the full wind field reduces potential model drifts, because of different mean climate states of the unconstrained MPI-ESM and the partially coupled Modini-MPI-ESM, that could arise if total observed wind stress was used. We apply two different reanalysis wind products (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEPcsfr) and ERA-Interim reanalysis (ERAI)) and analyse the skill of Modini-MPI-ESM with respect to several observed oceanic, atmospheric, and sea ice indices. We demonstrate that Modini-MPI-ESM has a significant skill over the time period 1980–2013 in reproducing historical climate fluctuations, indicating the potential of the method for initialising seasonal to decadal forecasts. Additionally, our comparison of the results achieved with the two reanalysis wind products NCEPcsfr and ERAI indicates that in general applying NCEPcsfr results in a better reconstruction of climate variability since 1980.
Upper mantle structure around the Trans-European Suture Zone obtained by teleseismic tomography
Authors: Janutyte I. , Majdanski M. , Voss P. H. , Kozlovskaya E. ,   PASSEQ Working Group
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The presented study aims to resolve the upper mantle structure around the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), which is the major tectonic boundary in Europe. The data of 183 temporary and permanent seismic stations operated during the period of the PASsive Seismic Experiment (PASSEQ) 2006–2008 within the study area from Germany to Lithuania was used to compile the data set of manually picked 6008 top-quality arrivals of P waves from teleseismic earthquakes. We used the TELINV nonlinear teleseismic tomography algorithm to perform the inversions. As a result, we obtain a model of P wave velocity variations up to about ±3% with respect to the IASP91 velocity model in the upper mantle around the TESZ. The higher velocities to the east of the TESZ correspond to the older East European Craton (EEC), while the lower velocities to the west of the TESZ correspond to younger western Europe. We find that the seismic lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is more distinct beneath the Phanerozoic part of Europe than beneath the Precambrian part. To the west of the TESZ beneath the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif, the Sudetes Mountains and the Eger Rift, the negative anomalies are observed from a depth of at least 70 km, while under the Variscides the average depth of the seismic LAB is about 100 km. We do not observe the seismic LAB beneath the EEC, but beneath Lithuania we find the thickest lithosphere of about 300 km or more. Beneath the TESZ, the asthenosphere is at a depth of 150–180 km, which is an intermediate value between that of the EEC and western Europe. The results imply that the seismic LAB in the northern part of the TESZ is in the shape of a ramp dipping to the northeasterly direction. In the southern part of the TESZ, the LAB is shallower, most probably due to younger tectonic settings. In the northern part of the TESZ we do not recognize any clear contact between Phanerozoic and Proterozoic Europe, but further to the south we may refer to a sharp and steep contact on the eastern edge of the TESZ. Moreover, beneath Lithuania at depths of 120–150 km, we observe the lower velocity area following the boundary of the proposed paleosubduction zone.
The Din of Malcolm
Authors: Ambar Saladin
Published: January 2015

This article addresses the purpose and question of Malcolm X's (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz's) articulation of Islam during his travels to Europe in the last months of his life and its implications for Africana religions fifty years after his assassination. While there has been growing scholarly attention to the international dimension of Malcolm X's politics, there has been far less attention paid to the projections of his religious identity abroad; this is especially true for his time in Europe. By focusing on three speeches he delivered in Paris, Oxford, and London in context, I hope to illuminate how and why Malcolm X's Muslim identity in Europe has significance for both contemporary scholars and laypersons alike—inasmuch as his personal presentation of Islam reflected, at times, both a reluctance to make his faith central to his arguments, as well as an acceptance of sorts of the idea that religion had a place in the broader anticolonial and antiracist movements of his era.
El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz or Malcolm X
Authors: Burrows Cedric Dewayne
Published: January 2015

During the revival of El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz's image in the late 1980s and early 1990s, composition anthologies known as readers began to heavily anthologize sections from The Autobiography of Malcolm X. This article analyzes how Shabazz has been constructed in readers by examining three popular examples—The Conscious Reader, Rereading America, and The Prose Reader. I argue that readers tend to focus on Shabazz's political image as a civil rights leader while ignoring how his evolving religious viewpoints influenced his political views.
Between the Secular and the Sectarian
Authors: Lubin Alex
Published: January 2015

This article explores the combined spiritual and political transformations Malcolm X's thought underwent during his two tours of the Middle East and North Africa in 1964. Drawing on personal communications with figures who met with Malcolm X in the region, I uncover the religious and political influences on Malcolm X while he was there. I pay special attention to Malcolm X's two visits to Beirut, where I argue he encountered a particular form of cosmopolitan sectarianism that both challenged and perhaps influenced his evolving worldview.
X Marks the Spot
Authors: O'Dell Emily Jane
Published: January 2015

Though Malik El-Shabazz's travels in the Middle East and Africa put him in touch with the most progressive revolutionary movements of his time, it was his ongoing contacts with students, scholars, and religious leaders from Sudan that had a truly transformative effect on his beliefs about religion and race. This article explores how Malcolm X was influenced by friends and contacts who lived in Sudan and the Sudanese diaspora. It pays special attention to the role of Sheikh Ahmed Hassoun, a religious scholar who became spiritual adviser to Shabazz and the Muslim Mosque, Inc., in 1964.
Christ, Creature, and Reader:
Authors: Barbara Zimbalist
Published: January 2015

This article reads The Book of Margery Kempe as a rhetorically innovative visionary text that offered late medieval readers a powerful new method of accessing the vernacular Word of God. Through the textual representation of Christ's visionary speech and Margery's spoken responses, the Book establishes a devotional mode within which Margery's imitative prayer and public instruction exemplify effective verbal engagement with Christ. This departure from traditional critical views of the Book as the quintessential expression of medieval women's affective corporeality shows the Book in a new light: as the textual exemplar of a literary mode of engagement with the divine through vernacular reading and participatory speech.
La politique québécoise d’évaluation des apprentissages et les pratiques évaluatives
Authors: Laurier Michel
Published: January 2015

En 2003, le ministère de l’Éducation du Québec faisait paraître une politique sur l’évaluation des apprentissages en milieu scolaire. Il fallait alors tenir compte des approches pédagogiques qui sous-tendaient le nouveau curriculum (notamment le socioconstructivisme), du mode d’organisation en matière de compétences, de la réorganisation du cursus amenée par la notion de cycle et de la redéfinition des rôles des divers acteurs. Après plus de dix années marquées par de nombreux questionnements, certaines incohérences apparaissent entre les pratiques mises en place et les orientations de la politique. On observe que celle-ci s’est déployée avec l’appui de documents complémentaires et de modifications aux règlements qui en précisent et parfois en réduisent la portée.
L’évaluation pédagogique va-t-elle enfin marcher sur ses deux pieds? Les enseignements de l’histoire récente de l’école primaire genevoise
Authors: Mottier Lopez Lucie
Published: January 2015

Comment les fonctions formative et certificative de l’évaluation des apprentissages des élèves ont-elles été traitées dans les réformes en Suisse romande? Quels enseignements tirer des expériences? L’article présente un aperçu des réformes dans les cantons romands ainsi que les grandes lignes de la politique actuelle d’harmonisation de la scolarité obligatoire en Suisse. Il expose ensuite les résultats d’une étude documentaire des offres de formation professionnelle continue en évaluation, de 1976 à 2013, destinées aux enseignants de l’école primaire genevoise. Les thématiques privilégiées, leur transformation, voire leur disparition, sont interprétées à la lumière des grandes phases de la réforme de l’école primaire genevoise et de ses visées. Les résultats de l’étude donnent à voir des déséquilibres successifs entre les fonctions formative et certificative de l’évaluation, ainsi que des éléments d’incompréhension et de débats sociaux qui en ont résulté. À la lumière des expériences, il apparaît qu’un enjeu crucial est de penser un modèle d’une évaluation pédagogique intégrative et systémique parvenant à trouver un équilibre entre ses différentes fonctions qui, toutes, devraient tendre vers une même finalité de justice et de professionnalité.
Comparer les systèmes éducatifs francophones à travers le monde grâce au PISA : pas si simple!
Authors: Baye Ariane , Demeuse Marc , Friant Nathanaël
Published: January 2015

Le Programme international de suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) permet de comparer les résultats des élèves de 15 ans issus d’un nombre grandissant de pays, principalement industrialisés. Cette évaluation récurrente des acquis des élèves fait l’objet de nombreuses publications. Cependant, si des pays francophones y participent avec des résultats plus ou moins favorables, il existe encore très peu d’écrits portant sur la comparaison de pays ayant le français en partage.

À cela, plusieurs raisons. Le premier problème réside dans la définition de ce qu’il faut entendre par « pays francophones ». Si plusieurs pays participant au PISA appartiennent à la francophonie politique, peu d’entre eux ont effectivement administré les tests en français et utilisent cette langue comme langue d’enseignement. Les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, à l’opposé, ne participent pas au PISA. Il est donc impossible d’opérer des comparaisons entre tous les pays où le français est effectivement la ou l’une des langues d’enseignement. Il faut aussi pouvoir identifier les résultats des établissements où le français est effectivement pratiqué au sein des pays qui utilisent plusieurs langues d’enseignement et comparer des situations comparables, en dehors de cette variable. De ce point de vue, les publications internationales ne fournissent pas toujours les informations, qu’il faut dès lors rechercher dans les rapports nationaux. Enfin, il faut sans doute tenir compte de la situation des élèves qui, bien que scolarisés en français, n’utilisent pas cette langue à la maison, ce qui complique encore les comparaisons.
Radical Recreation: Non-Iconic Movements of Tradition in Keralite Classical Dance
Authors: Lemos Justine
Published: January 2015

Many studies assume that dance develops as a bearer of tradition through iconic continuity (Downey 2005; Hahn 2007; Meduri 1996, 2004; Srinivasan 2007, 2011, Zarrilli 2000). In some such studies, lapses in Iconic continuity are highlighted to demonstrate how “tradition” is “constructed”, lacking substantive historical character or continuity (Meduri 1996; Srinivasan 2007, 2012). In the case of Mohiniyattam – a classical dance of Kerala, India – understanding the form’s tradition as built on Iconic transfers of semiotic content does not account for the overarching trajectory of the forms’ history. Iconic replication of the form as it passed from teacher to student was largely absent in its recreation in the early 20th century. Simply, there were very few dancers available to teach the older practice to new dancers in the 1960s. And yet, Mohiniyattam dance is certainly considered to be a “traditional” style to its practitioners. Throughout this paper I argue that the use of Peircean categories to understand the semiotic processes of Mohiniyattam’s reinvention in the 20th century allows us to reconsider tradition as a matter of Iconic continuity. In particular, an examination of transfers of repertoire in the early 20th century demonstrates that the “traditional” and “authentic” character of this dance style resides in semeiotic processes beyond Iconic reiteration; specifically, the “traditional” character of Mohiniyattam is Indexical and Symbolic in nature.
Authenticities: A Semiotic Exploration1
Authors: Fenigsen Janina , Wilce James
Published: January 2015

Charles Taylor has called ours an “Age of Authenticity”, and authenticity is a popular object of scholarly examination, not least in anthropology. A considerable number of scholars have even proposed models for multiple “authenticities”. None, however, has brought a modified Peircean theoretical tool-kit together with ethnographic evidence that “the natives know” that there are many authenticities. This article seeks to fill that gap. Working with Peirce’s model of the sign and with postmodern theories of originals and replicas, we draw on Wilce’s Finnish fieldwork to analyze what we consider clear evidence of four authenticities arising in recent debates surrounding traditional Karelian lament and particularly highly organized attempts in Finland to “revive” the practice. We call performances arising out of the revival “neolaments”. We treat authenticities as strictly relational, metasemiotic, and ideological phenomena. Authenticities that appear salient to actors on the revivalist scene may involve the following relationships : that between any neolament performance and any particular Karelian lament performances, with the question being whether the former is adequately “traditional” (i.e. relationship between replica and original); between a particular lament performance and the generic essence of that which makes lament a lament (i.e.token and type); between a lament performance and emotion – a relationship ideologically construed as “expressive” (i.e. sign and object); and finally, a relationship between some sort of dynamic interpretant of particular old Karelian laments (lament1) and new dynamic interpretants generated in and through new lament performances (lament2 or habitual participation in such performance) that in some way replicates the old dynamical interpretant (interpretant1and interpretant2).
The Cult(ture) of the Second Sun: Remembering, Repeating, and Performing the Past Imperfect1
Authors: Morimoto Ryo
Published: January 2015

This paper advances a pragmatic semiotic understanding of memory. By focusing on what is done with the real-time act of commemoration (or, the selective citation of memories), I analyze the multifunctional and multi-layered semiosis in society that presupposes and creates one’s experiential continuity between past, present, and future despite sudden (and catastrophic) change. I argue that the 2011 tsunami and ensuing nuclear meltdown in Fukushima, Japan, have unearthed parallels between the semiosis of regimentation and commemoration with regard to their interpretability, performativity, and repetitiveness. Following Parmentier, regimentation is a struggle of interpretants for the proliferation of a certain belief associated with the act of remembering/forgetting in grounding the socio-cultural continuity. I conclude by making a cautious suggestion to apply both Saussurean semiology and Peircean semiotics to study the real-time, historically represented and stochastically determined social life of signs.
Organismes communautaires en employabilité et nouveaux immigrants à Montréal : quel est l’apport des services offerts ?
Authors: Bamba Moustapha , Morin Richard
Published: January 2015

Cet article traite de l’impact des services offerts aux nouveaux immigrants issus des minorités visibles par les organismes communautaires (OC) qui interviennent dans le domaine de l’employabilité. Nous passons d’abord en revue les principales difficultés que rencontrent généralement les nouveaux immigrants issus des minorités visibles dans leur processus d’insertion sur le marché du travail. Nous présentons ensuite quelques éléments de réflexion sur la contribution des organismes communautaires en employabilité à l’insertion des immigrants dans leur société d’accueil. Nous mettons enfin en lumière les effets des services de ce type d’OC sur l’intégration des nouveaux immigrants issus des minorités visibles à Montréal. Nous montrons que les OC facilitent l’intégration de ces nouveaux immigrants non seulement sur le marché du travail, mais aussi dans des réseaux sociaux et que l’apport des services des OC n’est pas significativement différent selon le sexe de l’usager.
Barrières à la poursuite des études chez les immigrants
Authors: Namazi Vahideddin
Published: January 2015

Afin d’approfondir les connaissances sur les difficultés du parcours éducatif auxquelles font face certains groupes d’immigrants au Canada, nous avons fait une série d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec des immigrants iraniens travaillant comme chauffeurs de taxi à Montréal et n’ayant pas réussi à obtenir un diplôme universitaire canadien. Ainsi, le statut à l’arrivée d’une majorité d’entre eux en tant que demandeurs d’asile et le retard du traitement des demandes dans les années 1980 et 1990 les empêchant de bénéficier du même tarif de droits de scolarité que celui des autres Canadiens pendant les premières années au pays ont été les causes principales les ayant fait dévier du parcours éducatif et professionnel qu’ils avaient prévu. Outre la sous-évaluation de leurs diplômes obtenus à l’étranger et le sentiment de discrimination qui en découle, leur perception négative de leur discipline d’étude, les besoins de la famille, le retour aux études des épouses ainsi que des engagements financiers envers d’autres membres de la famille restés en Iran ont fait en sorte que certains n’ont pu suivre que quelques cours. Cette étude révèle l’impact négatif des règlements limitant les possibilités de poursuivre les études chez certains groupes d’immigrants, ainsi que les manières d’agir de ces groupes dans la vie familiale et sociale.
Dual-process theory et résolution de problèmes additifs de comparaison par des étudiants universitaires
Authors: Rioux Miranda , Couture Audrey Ann
Published: January 2015

Plusieurs variables peuvent être manipulées afin de complexifier volontairement le traitement d’un problème additif de comparaison. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à déterminer si 1) la congruité entre l’écriture des nombres et la relation exprimée et 2) l’apparence d’une relation de proportionnalité entre les valeurs numériques sont des variables à considérer lors de la conception de tels problèmes. Afin de vérifier l’effet de ces variables sur les taux de réussite ainsi que sur les stratégies de résolution adoptées, nous avons recruté 272 étudiants universitaires, lesquels ont été invités à résoudre des problèmes additifs de comparaison. Nous avons sélectionné, dans la littérature, deux problèmes dont les taux de réussite étaient particulièrement bas. Nous avons ensuite élaboré une version modifiée de ces problèmes, version à l’intérieur de laquelle seules les valeurs numériques variaient. Nous avons effectué une analyse par problème et comparé les taux de réussite des deux versions. Nos résultats indiquent un taux de réussite significativement plus bas aux problèmes originaux. L’analyse des réponses révèle par ailleurs qu’il nous a été possible de manipuler les valeurs numériques de manière à freiner la formulation d’un jugement intuitif incorrect.
Perceptions des élèves du secondaire par rapport à la résolution de problèmes en algèbre à l’aide d’un logiciel dynamique et la stratégie Prédire – investiguer – expliquer
Authors: Gauthier Mathieu
Published: January 2015

Dans le cadre d’un projet d’innovation en apprentissage mis en oeuvre par le ministère de l’Éducation du Nouveau-Brunswick, nous avons créé et expérimenté quatre scénarios d’enseignement-apprentissage de l’algèbre en 12e année du secondaire, touchant particulièrement le concept de paramètres de fonctions introduit à l’aide d’une stratégie Prédire-Investiguer-Expliquer et d’un logiciel dynamique, dans un contexte de résolution de problèmes. Cette recherche exploratoire de type développement adopte une approche de design d’un produit éducatif ou, encore, de création d’activités d’apprentissage particulières (Loiselle, 2001). Les données qualitatives ont été recueillies auprès des élèves, à l’aide d’un questionnaire et d’entrevues semi-dirigées.

D’une part, le contexte de vie réelle et l’aspect visuel d’une investigation dynamique et interactive à l’aide d’un logiciel semblent avoir rendu l’apprentissage des fonctions plus signifiant pour l’élève. Ils ont permis à l’élève de voir des liens entre différentes représentations mathématiques, le rendant plus autonome dans les démarches de résolution de problèmes. D’autre part, ce changement de pratique conduit possiblement à une rupture du contrat didactique, ce qui a déstabilisé certains élèves qui cherchaient, alors, plus de clarté et d’encadrement de la part de l’enseignant. Cette complexification du processus de résolution de problèmes appelle donc une étude plus approfondie de cette pratique innovante afin de déterminer son impact réel sur les apprentissages des élèves et la dynamique de la salle de classe.
Le libéralisme de l’inquiétude : Friedrich Hayek et Judith Shklar1
Authors: Boily Frédéric , Boisvert Natalie
Published: January 2015

Ce texte propose une analyse de certaines dimensions de la pensée de deux auteurs libéraux, Friedrich A. Hayek et Judith N. Shklar, qui ont été rarement analysés ensemble et, parfois même, ont été oubliés, notamment dans le cas de la seconde. Il s’agit de montrer, à partir de la notion de l’inquiétude, que ces deux libéraux illustrent un aspect de la diversité de la pensée libérale, et ce, à partir d’une même appréhension critique à l’égard des capacités de la raison. Or, si Hayek et Shklar s’entendaient sur les profondes limitations de la raison humaine à maîtriser les flux sociaux, nous montrons que ces deux auteurs divergent quant à l’orientation générale qu’ils donnent au libéralisme. Alors que le libéralisme de la peur de Shklar l’amenait à vouloir réconcilier le libéralisme avec un État palliant les injustices subies par les opprimés, celui d’Hayek l’entraînait plutôt à dénoncer les mirages de la justice sociale.
Comportements suicidaires d’un jeune ou refus de recevoir des soins en santé mentale : quand la situation est signalée à la DPJ…
Authors: Nadeau Danielle , Lacerte Denis , Tremblay-Roy Julie , Sylvain Myriam
Published: January 2015

Cette étude explore à partir d’une cohorte de jeunes en protection de la jeunesse (N=40 079) des éléments non encore documentés dans la littérature. Elle examine la trajectoire de services de jeunes qui sont signalés aux autorités ou évalués pour des comportements suicidaires ou qui refusent des soins en santé mentale. La gestion du risque associé à ces jeunes diffère de ce qu’elle doit être pour les autres jeunes Québécois signalés aux autorités pour maltraitance : l’analyse de la compromission de leur sécurité semble notamment plus prudente. Cet article vise à éclairer les décideurs et concepteurs de programmes sur les enjeux associés à l’utilisation des services par les jeunes vulnérables, pour ainsi leur offrir des services toujours mieux adaptés et maximiser leur chance d’inclusion sociale.
Application d’une approche de médiation en protection de la jeunesse : qu’en pensent les intervenants ?
Authors: Drapeau Sylvie , Tremblay Julie , Lessard Geneviève , Turcotte Daniel , Mireault Gilles , Gagné Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2015

La présente étude qualitative vise à documenter l’expérience d’intervenants de la protection de la jeunesse qui appliquent une approche de médiation. Cette approche repose sur l’identification des besoins de tous les acteurs concernés par une situation et sur le choix d’options susceptibles de mener à un projet d’entente satisfaisant pour toutes les parties. Quatre groupes de discussion ont été organisés dans les trois centres jeunesse participants pour un total de 33 intervenants (25 femmes et 8 hommes). L’analyse du discours des participants permet de décrire : 1) les effets perçus de l’approche de médiation sur les processus d’intervention et sur les familles; 2) les enjeux reliés à l’application de cette approche; 3) les caractéristiques de la clientèle plus propices à l’application de l’approche.
Les mesures de soutien privilégiées par les parents immigrants d’un enfant mineur qui présente des besoins spéciaux : une étude de la portée
Authors: Bétrisey Carine , Tétreault Sylvie , Piérart Geneviève , Desmarais Chantal
Published: January 2015

Dans un contexte migratoire, de nombreux défis se présentent aux parents d’un enfant ayant des besoins spéciaux. En première ligne, ils nécessitent un accès à des ressources de soutien afin de poursuivre une prise en charge optimale de l’enfant. Dans le but d’établir un état des lieux actualisé des connaissances préalables sur le recours aux services d’aide, une étude de la portée a été menée. À partir des bases de données interrogées, 20 écrits scientifiques ont été sélectionnés pour déterminer les types de services utilisés, les composantes qui modulent ce recours et l’évolution des attentes en mesures d’aide. Le soutien informationnel se révèle le plus présent dans les études. Parmi les facteurs modulant l’utilisation des ressources de soutien, les composantes communicationnelles et culturelles se distinguent par le nombre d’écrits dans lesquels elles ressortent. L’évolution du recours dans le temps reste peu documentée dans les études retenues. Le choix des parents concernant les modalités de soutien devrait être exploré davantage.
Réflexion critique sur l’approche milieu de vie dans les centres d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée : un éclairage nouveau à partir de la promotion de la santé
Authors: Ndjepel Jacky
Published: January 2015

Depuis quelques années, l’approche milieu de vie (AMV) est devenue populaire parce qu’elle représente une avenue intéressante pour améliorer la qualité de vie des résidants dans les milieux d’hébergement. Malgré sa pertinence, l’AMV peine encore à être intégrée dans la pratique quotidienne des centres d’hébergement. En 2014, seuls quelques-uns se distinguent à cet égard. De nombreux facteurs expliquent cette situation notamment les difficultés que rencontrent les professionnels dans la réalisation de leurs tâches, le manque de personnel, une plus importante charge de travail et surtout l’assise conceptuelle de l’AMV qui semble encore mal comprise par plusieurs. Au plan organisationnel, malgré la volonté politique de transformer les centres en milieux de vie, ceux-ci fonctionnent encore avec des logiques institutionnelles centrées sur l’offre de soins. Afin de pallier ces difficultés, certains développements conceptuels récents en promotion de la santé, en l’occurrence le modèle de l’AMV de Poland et Dooris (2010), pourraient être mis à contribution afin d’améliorer l’implantation de l’AMV dans les CHSLD.
Former à une profession relationnelle : entre théorisation de la pratique et pratique de la théorie
Authors: Caron Jessie , Chouinard Isabelle
Published: January 2015

Confrontés à l’exigence d’une évaluation rationnelle des productions des professions relationnelles, les milieux de pratique et les institutions de formation doivent converger vers une meilleure compréhension des processus mis en oeuvre dans le cadre des activités professionnelles. Cela constitue un vaste défi, puisque les savoirs spécifiques à l’exercice de telles professions posent des contraintes particulières à leurs acteurs, notamment en raison de la complexité inhérente à la dimension relationnelle. C’est dans la perspective de mieux comprendre la place accordée à la relation qu’une étude a analysé les programmes de formation universitaire et les écrits des organismes de réglementation de deux professions relationnelles : le travail social et la psychologie. Après avoir présenté les résultats de cette analyse, les éléments contribuant à façonner l’identité professionnelle des travailleurs sociaux et des psychologues du Québec seront discutés.
Climate modulates internal wave activity in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: DeCarlo Thomas M. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Davis Kristen A. , Wong George T. F.
Published: January 2015

Internal waves (IWs) generated in the Luzon Strait propagate into the Northern South China Sea (NSCS), enhancing biological productivity and affecting coral reefs by modulating nutrient concentrations and temperature. Here we use a state‐of‐the‐art ocean data assimilation system to reconstruct water column stratification in the Luzon Strait as a proxy for IW activity in the NSCS and diagnose mechanisms for its variability. Interannual variability of stratification is driven by intrusions of the Kuroshio Current into the Luzon Strait and freshwater fluxes associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Warming in the upper 100 m of the ocean caused a trend of increasing IW activity since 1900, consistent with global climate model experiments that show stratification in the Luzon Strait increases in response to radiative forcing. IW activity is expected to increase in the NSCS through the 21st century, with implications for mitigating climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems.
China experiencing the recent warming hiatus
Authors: Li Qingxiang , Yang Su , Xu Wenhui , Wang Xiaolan L. , Jones Phil , Parker David , Zhou Liming , Feng Yang , Gao Yun
Published: January 2015

Based on the homogenized data set, we analyze changes in mean temperature and some extreme temperature indices over China since 1961 and especially during the recent warming hiatus period (1998–2012) in a global average context. The result shows that the decrease of annual mean maximum has contributed most to the decreases in overall mean temperature and in diurnal temperature range (DTR) during the warming hiatus period. In most parts of China except the southwest, the summer mean maximum temperature (TxS) shows the largest increase, while the winter mean minimum temperature (TnW) indicates slight cooling trends. These changes have augmented the seasonal cycle and increased the likelihood of extreme warm and cold events. Further analyses reveal that the increases in TxS are significantly correlated with concurrent increases in solar radiation. In southwest China, the annual mean temperature, TxS, TnW, and DTR increased during 1998–2012, possibly related to increased dryness in this region during the hiatus period.