bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-State Initiatives on Enhancing Counter Trafficking of Rohingya Influx in Cox’s Bazar of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Edris , Molla Morshed Hossan , Islam Kamrul , Rahman Md , Barua Jishu
Published: September 2022

Human trafficking is the third most lucrative form of trafficking in the world (just behind drugs and counterfeit goods). Multiple outbreaks of unrest between October 2016 and August 2017 in the Rakhine State of Myanmar triggered around 745,000 influxes of Rohingyas crossing into Bangladesh through the border boundaries at Teknaf and Ukhiya sub-districts of Cox’s Bazar. In this regard the media confirmed that over a thousand Rohingya people particularly women and girls were victims of human traffickers. This research aims to explore the underlying cause of human trafficking (HT) during emergency response and seeks how the knowledge and capacity of the refugee, local administration and law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh can be improved in promoting counter trafficking (CT) and safe migration processes. In order to achieve the objectives, this research starts with reviewing acts, rules, policies and action plans of the Government of Bangladesh on the HT, CT and safe migration processes. Then, a case study method has been applied to present ongoing the CT and safe migration programs of a NGO called Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) that received funding and technical support from the International Organization of Migration (IOM) for this purpose, the research in this paper will later evaluate the effectiveness of the program through conducting key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussion (FGDs) with beneficiary and non-beneficiary participants from refugees, law-enforcing agencies (LEA) and non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) in Teknaf, and Ukhyia sub-districts in Bangladesh. Thus, this research identified program level strengths and weaknesses in relation to the CT, and safe migration process and provide key directions how they can be improved.
Machine Learning Classification of Specific Serologic Cytokines May Improve Detection of Recent, Fall Induced, Sub-Concussional Brain Changes in Geriatric Nondemented Subjects
Authors: Drima Eduard , Vrabie Camelia
Published: September 2022

A chronic activated pro-inflammatory cytokine network (“inflamm-aging”) may amplify the neurodegenerative effects of a fall induced brain trauma in geriatric subjects. Our research aimed to evaluate how a trained machine learning algorithm may predict recent antecedent falls based only on specific serologic cytokines network analysis and how the consequences of these falls can be substantiated on standard head MRIs. All 279 subjects included in our study were selected from the ADNI1 dataset and all had a mild cognitive impairment diagnostic at the ADNI1 study baseline. A “train group” was built and included 14 subjects with a history of a recent, simple, standing-level fall. These were carefully matched with 14 similar subjects without any antecedent trauma. The “test group” included 251 subjects, all without any history of recent fall. The machine learning algorithm (classic C4.5 decision tree) was trained to detect a pattern of variation in 23 clinically relevant cytokines in relation with an antecedent fall. Changes in five cytokines (matrix metalloproteinase-7, eotaxin-1, interleukin-3, interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9) were used for fall prediction in the “test” group. Once trained, the algorithm predicted a recent fall in 119 cases from the test group. The mean brain ventricular volume that was significantly different between fall/non-fall subgroups (41645.5±10337.2 vs 27127.3±6749.4 mm3, p=0.005) remained significant in the test group, after prediction between (41544.24±17343.4 vs 34553.5±10543.2 mm3, p=0.042). The hippocampus mean volume was also significantly different between in the test group (6297.3±1080.1 vs 6745.9±1123.7, p=0.0015). A significant brain ventricular difference was observed in the “65<y.o.” subgroup (p=0.04). If confirmed by larger prospective studies, our findings may increase the precision of the neuro-cognitive assessments in geriatric subjects.
The use of Design Thinking in the development of digital games for the teaching of chemistry in basic education
Authors: Morais Rander Silva , Fonseca Letícia Rodrigues da
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to describe how Design Thinking can contribute to the development of digital games for the teaching of Chemistry, considering the needs of educators who teach this discipline and the reality of the students in which they are inserted. It was carried out through an applied research, with the digital game with the teaching staff and high school students of a private Basic Education Institution, located in a municipality in the southern region of Minas Gerais. Still, through the exploratory-descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, to understand how the Digital Quiz developed was enough to promote meaningful learning of Chemistry contents. Through the speech of teachers and students, through evaluation of the experimentation process, it was found that the digital game developed has potential as an innovative and active method for teaching Chemistry. It was concluded that Design Thinking can favor the process of developing digital games for the teaching of Chemistry, considering the needs of educators and the reality in which their students are inserted, and that through the evaluation of the participants, it is possible to ensure that the process asserts itself as methodological, innovative and active for the promotion of meaningful learning.
Tectonostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental settings of host-replacing phreatic calcrete hardpans developed at basin margins in the Upper Devonian Kinnesswood Formation of southwest Scotland
Authors: Jutras Pierre
Published: September 2022

In the Firth of Clyde area of southwest Scotland, the Famennian Kinnesswood Formation includes an interval of massive, host-replacing phreatic calcrete hardpan (HRPCH), the likes of which have been documented only at few locations and few intervals in geological history. The HRPCH is found only at basin-margin shoulders, where the Kinnesswood Formation succession is thin and incomplete. The isles of Bute and Great Cumbrae provide well exposed sections in which adjacent shoulder and trough successions can be correlated and compared to clarify the tectonostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental settings of the HRPCHs. In the Cumbraes Trough, above a thin interval of peritidal limestone, the middle part of the Kinnesswood Formation (lower part of the Foul Port Member) is pervasively disturbed by large syndepositional dewatering structures interpreted to be products of the intermittent deposition and dissolution of evaporites. These structures occur at approximately the same stratigraphic interval as the HRPCHs on the isles of Bute and possibly Arran. The HRPCH in Bute is interpreted to have developed on a syndepositional shoulder adjacent to a growth fault (the Kerrycroy Fault) delimiting a trough that accommodated intermittent seawater incursions in a restricted, evaporitic setting. This is consistent with the current model for HRPCH formation, which involves the mixing of fresh groundwater issued from source areas with the high pH groundwater that surrounds evaporitic basins. A significant increase in silica solubility paired with a decrease in calcite solubility occurs in the mixing zone, thus promoting the thorough replacement of silicates with calcrete.
MANISFESTASI KONSEP TA'ÂWUN DALAM ZAAKWAARNEMINGPERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERIKATAN
Authors: Qomaro Galuh Widitya
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAKHumans as social beings always need help from others. There needs to be a harmonious relationship between human beings for the peaceful life. One way to maintain this condition is to have a sense of empathy and sympathy. A form of good attitude of empathy and sympathy in society which is categorized as legal action is zaakwaarneming. In the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) zaakwaarneming is referred to as a voluntary representative where someone represents someone's interests or carries out the affairs of another person, voluntarily to do the help until the end or until the person those who are managed by their interests are able to do their own business. This paper attempts to discuss zaakwarneming in terms of legal norms, social norms and Islamic norms. ABSTRAKManusia sebagai makhluk sosial selalu membutuhkan adanya bantuan dari orang lain. Diperlukan adanya hubungan harmonis antara sesama manusia agar kehidupan yang tentram dan damai dapat terwujud. Salah satu cara untuk menjaga kondisi tersebut adalah dengan memiliki rasa empati dan simpati.Wujud sikap empati dan simpati yang baik dalam masyarakat yang dikategorikan sebagai tindakan hukum salah satunya adalahzaakwaarneming.Di dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata)zaakwaarnemingdisebut sebagai perwakilan sukarela dimana seseorang mewakili kepentingan seseorang ataumelakukan pengurusan suatu urusan orang lain, secara sukarela baik dengan sepengetahuan maupun tanpa sepengetahuan yang diwakili, terikat untuk melakukan perbuatan itu sampai selesai atausampai orang yang diurus kepentingannya mampu untuk melakukanurusannya sendiri.Paper ini berusaha membahas mengenai zaakwarneming dalam pandangan norma hukum, norma sosial dan norma agama Islam. Keyword:Zaakwaarneming, Ta'âwun, Islam.
KONSEP MASLAHAT DALAM PENETAPAN HUKUM ISLAM (Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Hukum Islam Najamuddin At- ThuFi)
Authors: Amri Miftahul
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn Islamic legal thinking when it is associated with social change so it has two theories, they are the theory of immortality and the theory of adabtabilitas. Based on the theory, Islamic legal thinking is developing now more than has tendency to follow the pattern of adaptability theory that is Islamic law as a law created by God for the humanity, and can adapt to the development of the times, so that he can be changed in order to realize in benefit of human being generally (maslahat al-ummah). Among of many mufties who follow the theory of adaptability, is Najamuddin Al-Thufi. The basic framework theory of adaptability is the principle of maslahat, which is a fundamental value for the sustainability of Islamic law in the concept of social change in decision of Islamic law. This written is a criticizes the concept of maslahat at-thufi which applies not only to the issue of law which nash is nothing , but also applies to the context which nash is exist as like in the matter of mu'amalah. When analyzed carefully, this concept can allow for a conflict between nash and maslahat, and the application of this concept afraided will apply to follow the passion and justify the haram tobe halal by on the pretext of maslahat.Keyword: Consep of maslahat,decision of law, Najamuddin al-Thufi  ABSTRAKDalam pemikiran hukum Islam apabila dikaitkan dengan perubahan sosial maka muncul dua teori yaitu teori keabadian dan teori adabtabilitas. Berdasarkan teori tersebut, pemikiran hukum Islam yang saat ini sedang berkembang ada kecenderungan mengikuti pola pemikiran teori adaptabilitas yakni bahwa hukum Islam, sebagai hukum yang diciptakan Tuhan untuk kepentingan manusia, dan bisa beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman. Sehingga ia bisa di rubah demi mewujudkan kemaslahatan umat manusia. Diantara ulama yang mengikuti teori adaptabilitas adalah Najamuddin At-Thufi . Kerangka dasar teori adaptabilitas adalah prinsip maslahat, yang merupakan nilai fundamentalbagi keberlangsungan hukum Islam dalam konsep perubahan sosial dalam penetapan hukum Islam. Tulisan ini mengkritisi konsep maslahat at-Thufi yang tidak hanya berlaku pada persoalan hukum yang tidak ada nasnya, tetapi juga berlaku pada konteks yang ada nasnya dalam bidang mu’amalah. Apabila di analisis secara cermat, konsep ini dapat memungkinkan terjadinya pertentangan antara nas dan maslahat, dan penerapan konsep ini di khawatirkan akan berakibat mengikuti hawa nafsu dan menghalalkan yang haram dengan dalih maslahat.Kata Kunci: Konsep maslahat, penetapan hukum Islam, Najamuddin at-Thufi
A New Logistically Simple Solution for Implementing Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer/Alkali-Cosolvent-Polymer in Difficult Environments: Evaluation of Concept with High Total Acid Number Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Southwick Jeffrey George , Upamali Nadeeka , Fazelalavi Mina , Weerasooriya Upali , Britton Chris , Dean Robert Matthew
Published: September 2022

Research on alkali-assisted chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology [alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP)/alkali-cosolvent-polymer (ACP)] with high total acid number (TAN) crude oils has led to developments with liquid organic alkalis and cosolvents (Southwick et al. 2020; Fortenberry et al. 2015; Schumi et al. 2019; Upamali et al. 2018). Both concepts afford potential significant cost reduction in field operations, but to date it has not been demonstrated that these two concepts can work together.

Monoethanolamine (MEA) alkali and a wide variety of liquid cosolvents are evaluated with high TAN crude oil (1.5 mg KOH/g oil). Formulations are found that give ultralow interfacial tension (UL-IFT) at a specified injection salinity. Fine tuning the formulation to different injection salinities can be done by choosing alternate cosolvents (or a cosolvent blend). A formulation comprising 1% MEA and a novel high molecular weight (3152 g/gmol) cosolvent, 0.5% glycerin alkoxylate with 30 mol of propylene oxide and 35 mol of ethylene oxide (glycerin-30PO-35EO), gave UL-IFT in 21,000 total dissolved solids (TDS) injection brine and gave 100% oil recovery in Bentheimer sandstone with 3,500 ppm FP 3630Ss (SNF Flopaam 3630Sis partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) as mobility control agent. All oil was produced clean, no separation of emulsion was needed to measure oil recovery.

Alkali consumption tests were also performed with a high-permeability reservoir sandstone. Results confirmed earlier data published with Boise outcrop sandstone (Southwick et al. 2020) showing low alkali consumption with MEA. On a mass basis, only 12% of the amount of MEA is consumed relative to the amount of sodium carbonate consumed. This reduces the logistical challenges of shipping chemicals to remote locations. MEA is also a low-viscosity liquid which further simplifies field handling.
Probing the Interaction Forces between Bitumen-Coated Mineral Surfaces with Implications for the Removal of Fine Solids from Oil Product: Effect of Solvent
Authors: Cao Mengjiao , Zhao Yiming , Hu Yong , Wu Yining , Qiao Chenyu , Liu Changlong , Dai Caili , Liu Qi , Zeng Hongbo , Huang Jun
Published: September 2022

Considerable amounts of fine solids retained in the bitumen product have been a significant challenge hindering the commercialization of nonaqueous extraction (NAE) of bitumen from oil sands. Understanding the surface interaction between bitumen-coated fine particles and the suspension stability in NAE bitumen products is essential for developing suitable solutions to remove these undesired particles. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of bitumen on a model clay surface (i.e., molecularly smooth mica surface) in organic solvents (i.e., cyclohexane and cyclohexane-heptane mixtures) were systematically investigated using a surface force apparatus (SFA). Furthermore, the interaction forces between bitumen-coated mica surfaces were directly measured in different organic solvents to reveal the stabilization mechanism of fine solids during the NAE process. It was found that the solvent type and adsorption time significantly affect the adsorption behavior of bitumen on mica surface and regulate the interaction forces between bitumen-coated mica surfaces, which in turn have an impact on the stability of suspended fine solids in solvents. In cyclohexane or cyclohexane-rich solution, a thin layer of bitumen (~5 nm) was quickly deposited on fresh mica surface within 5 minutes and gradually equilibrated to form a soft layer after a long process (>40 minutes). Only pure repulsive force due to steric repulsion was measured between the adsorbed layers, which led to a stable suspension of fine solids in solvents. In contrast, the presence of heptane caused the bitumen to rapidly (<20 minutes) form a compact packing adsorption layer, and a weak adhesive force (<5 mN/m) was measured between the bitumen-coated surface during the separation process. The adhesive force could be mainly brought by the interpenetration of long hydrocarbon chains or the conformation change of the organic network in both solution and substrate surface, which could lead to aggregation and settling of fine solids. Our SFA results provide valuable insights into the adsorption behavior of bitumen onto mineral surfaces and the interaction mechanism of bitumen-coated mineral surfaces in organic media, with important implications for the removal of fine solids from oil products.
A New Ultrasonic Reactor for CaCO3 Antiscaling in Pipelines and Equipment
Authors: da Silva C. E. T. , O. Soares L. L. de , Pereira L. G. , Cavalcante A. A. , Achy A. R. A. , Filardi V. L. , Ferreira V. P. , Fiuza Junior R. A. , Castro B. B. , Paes T. F. , Pepe I. M.
Published: September 2022

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scaling is one of the main drawbacks in oil and gas production pipelines and equipment, contributing to the reduction or shutdown of production in petroleum extraction industries. This work shows a new device for the prevention of calcium carbonate scale in oil and gas production units. Three cells containing five ultrasonic transducers each (60 W×40 kHz) were used to reduce carbonate scaling in pipelines. Long-term tests were carried out in a semi-industrial hydraulic system that was properly instrumented to allow us to simulate CaCO3 production by injection of CaCl2·2H2O and NaHCO3. A proof valve was positioned downstream of the equipment. Pressure drop in the valve, scale mass on the pipe samples, and morphology of crystals were evaluated after 2 hours of testing. Well-marked reductions in pressure drop (up to 96%) on the proof-valve and scale thickness (up to 95%) in pipe samples were verified when compared with the system without any scale prevention device. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed alteration of the geometry and reduction of the particle size as the main reason for the reduction of scaling.
A retrospective evaluation of short-term results from colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant intestinal obstruction
Authors: Chongjing Mu , Lei Chen
Published: September 2022

Purpose
The efficacy and safety of self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) placement as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgery to treat malignant intestinal obstruction is debated. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with malignant intestinal obstruction treated using different procedure.
Methods
Subjects admitted to the authors’ department with colonic obstruction (n = 87) were studied. They underwent colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery (SEMS group: n = 14) or emergency surgery (ES group:n = 22).Their demographic characteristics, stoma rate, laparoscopy rate and postoperative complications were analyzed, and the potential risk factors of postoperative complications and the optimal time interval from SEMS implantation to elective surgery were explored.
Results
The stoma rate was 15% in the SEMS group versus 60% in the ES group (P = 0.02), and the postoperative complication rate was 8% in the SEMS group versus 40% in the ES group (P = 0.04). The proportion of patients undergoing laparoscopy in SEMS group was significantly higher than that in ES group (69% vs. 15%; P = 0.003).The effect of ASA grade on postoperative complications was statistically significant (OR = 24.6; P = 0.008). The Receiving operating characteristic(ROC) curve could not determine the optimal time interval between SEMS implantation and elective surgery (AUC = 0.466).
Conclusions
SEMS implantation has the advantages of lower temporary stoma rate, less postoperative complications and higher laparoscopy rate compared with ES in the treatment of left malignant intestinal obstruction. ASA grade is a risk factor for postoperative complications. However, larger sample size prospective randomized controlled trials(RCT) are still needed to confirm long-term oncological outcomes.
The effect dietary L-carnitine Supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy on the prevention of pregnancy toxemia in Damascus goats: a field study
Authors: ÜRER Ece KOLDAŞ , Köse Ayşe Merve , Raza Sanan , Sarıbay Mustafa Kemal , Doğruer Gökhan , Özsoy Bülent
Published: September 2022

L-carnitine plays a main role in β-oxidation of fatty acids, and has been used increasingly in the livestock. This study aimed to determine the possible effects of adding L-carnitine to the ration at two different doses to protect Damascus goats from pregnancy toxemia, regardless of feed consumption. An estrus synchronization and natural mating protocol was performed in 150 goats. After pregnancy diagnosis, a total of 90 pregnant goats were divided into three groups at 100th day of pregnancy as CAR50, (50 mg/kg L-carnitine), CAR100 (100 mg/kg L-carnitine), and CON (no L-carnitine, control). 15 goats were randomly selected from each group and blood samples were collected at 100, 115, 130 and 145 days of pregnancy. Serum β-HBA, NEFA, and glucose levels were measured. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation had no effect on blood glucose levels in CAR50 and CAR100 compared to CON (P > 0.05) at third trimester of pregnancy. At 145 day of pregnancy differences in serum NEFA levels were significantly lower in CAR50 and CAR100 compared to CON (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the change in mean NEFA and β-HBA concentration between 100 and 145 days of gestation was not significant in the CAR100 group (P > 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that dietary L-carnitine supplementation represses ketone and NEFA levels in pregnant goat, especially at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Regardless of individual consumption of feed, adding fixed amount of L-carnitine to ration may help to avoid pregnancy toxemia in herds with a history of pregnancy toxemia.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis on motivational strategies added to physical activity interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among older adults with chronic illnesses.
Authors: Heij Ward , Sweerts Lieke , Staal J. Bart , Cuijpers Iris , Sanden Maria W.G. Nijhuis-van der , Wees Philip J. van der , Hoogeboom Thomas J.
Published: September 2022

Background: As the aging process of older adults advances, contact between older adults and healthcare professionals intensifies for adopting and maintaining physical activity. Motivational strategies can increase the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on the short- and longer duration.Objective: To investigate the individual effectiveness of motivational interviewing, tailor-made interventions, context-related interventions, shared decision making, and monitoring & feedback versus active- and passive control groups on physical activity level among older adults at short-, middle-, and long term. Secondary aim is to compare the effectiveness of interventions using a single motivational strategy versus interventions combining multiple motivational strategies.Data sources: Literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro using keywords and subject headings.Study selection: Randomized controlled trials comparing two or more arms, with one arm focused on motivational strategies influencing physical activity were included. 20,690 titles were identified, of which 51 (comprising 11,596 participants) were included.Data extraction: Methodological quality and quality of evidence was evaluated using PEDro scale and GRADE approach. Outcomes were physical activity levels measured by objective- or subjective instruments at 3-, 6-, and 12 months follow-up. Standardized mean differences between intervention- and control groups were used as the mode of the analysis.Results: For primary outcome, 6 months follow-up, pooled data demonstrated higher effectiveness of motivational interviewing interventions, context-related interventions, and interventions using multiple motivational strategies. The quality of the body of evidence was graded as very low for all motivational strategies.Limitations: Data were pooled from a wide variety of different study populations and settings, content of interventions and outcome measures, increasing the heterogeneity of study characteristics.Conclusions: Interventions combining multiple motivational strategies seem to be more effective than using singular treatment strategies, although the optimal composition remains unclear.
Characterisation of spring cold spells occurrence in winter wheat cropping area
Authors: Su Hui , Yin Chang , Luo Qunyin , Liu Xiaoli , Huang Weibing , Zheng Bangyou , Song Youhong
Published: September 2022

Winter wheat growth and development in Huaibei Plain, Anhui Province, China is often subjected to the spring cold spell (SCS), which causes significant yield losses when it occurs during spikelet and floret development. However, there is no quantitative information available to describe the characteristics of SCS occurrence. Thus, this study aims to characterise the occurrence frequency, the pattern and parameters of SCS on the basis of daily climate data at 6 sites representing different regions in Huaibei Plain collected from 1956 to 2017. The SCS was shown to occur at least once or twice annually. The SCS was classified with four modes i.e. ‘quick drop and quick rise’ (mode "0"), ‘quick drop and slow rise’ (mode "1"), ‘slow drop and quick rise’ (mode "2"), and ‘slow drop and slow rise’ (mode "3"). Of which, the mode "0" accounts for 33%, the mode "1" accounts for 23%, the mode "2" accounts for 19%, and the mode "3" accounts for 26%. The SCS was described with five determinant parameters i.e. the temperature starting to drop (SCS_A), the duration of temperature dropping (SCS_B), the temperature difference (SCS_C), the temperature dropped to (SCS_D), and SCS_D lasting duration (SCS_E), which were further characterised over 60 years’ data. In conclusion, this study characterised the SCS with the occurrence probability, the pattern, and five determinant parameters, which will be used in the guidance for wheat cropping in minimising its impacts in Huang-Huai-Hai wheat area.
Effects of Adding Rumen-Protected Palm Oil in Diet on Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Health Indices in Kivircik Ewes
Authors: Satir Gulcin , Akturk Utku , Yavuz Musa , Köknaroğlu Hayati
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 3% rumen-protected palm oil on milk fatty acid profile and lipid health indices in Kivircik ewes. For this purpose Kivircik ewes with approximately the same body weight were used. Treatment increased the palmitic acid (C16:0) content of milk compared to the control group (p<0.05) and tended to increase saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). An increase in SFA and MUFA was attributed to an increase in palmitic acid and oleic acid (C18:1), respectively. Results indicated that n-6/n-3 ratio ranged between 0.61-2.63, indicating that milk fat produced in this study had health-promoting effect. Inclusion of palm oil in the diet tended to increase desirable fatty acids (DFA) regardless of week milk sampled (p>0.05). Even treatment did not improve atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI), health-promoting index (HPI), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratio, they were still in the range reported in the literature thus implying that milk obtained from this study was not harmful to consumer’s health. Results showed that adding rumen-protected palm oil is an effective method to increase the energy density of ration and thus energy intake of ewes required during lactation without negatively affecting lipid health indices.
The ADAM17 Inhibition in Cord Blood Stem Cell Derived CD16 + NK Cells Enhanced Cytotoxicity against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Valipour Behnaz , Mohammadi Seyedeh Momeneh , Talebi Mehdi , Charoudeh Hojjatollah Nozad
Published: September 2022

Background: Fortunately, ample efforts are attempting to find the best strategy to improve the NK cell anti-leukemia capacity in the treatment of different types of cancers. Despite the favorable ADCC capacity of functional CD16+ NK cells for immunotherapy, when NK cells face leukemia cells, CD16 receptor is cleaved during the process mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) ADAM17. The reduced CD16 expression on NK cells weakens their cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. As well, the expression of CD47 receptor is higher in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to normal cells and is correlated with poor prognosis.
Results:In the present study, ADAM17 was inhibited in cord blood derived CD16+ NK cells and then the activity against ALL cell lines was evaluated following blockage with anti-CD47 antibody. Since the CD16 expression reduces on co-cultured NK cells with ALL cell lines, ADAM17 inhibitor increases CD16+ NK cells cytotoxicity with high expression of CD107-a as well as INF-γ production, which consequently raise the apoptosis effects in cancer cell lines.
Conclusions: Therefore, the inhibition of ADAM17 is necessary for the CD16+ NK cells activity against cancer cells.
Biology and Life Table Parameters of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood 1919 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Tea Cultivars
Authors: Chetia Chayanika , Rahman Azizur , Chutia Pavitra
Published: September 2022

The information on life cycle and population growth parameters of a pest is essential for designing and development of an effective management program. In this article, the biology and life table parameters of the yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were studied on three selected tea cultivars viz., TV1, TV17 and TV23 in a laboratory condition of 25°C ± 2°C, 70–80% relative humidity (RH) and a 12L: 12D photoperiod. The maximum and minimum total developmental period of S. dorsalis from egg to adult was observed on TV23 and TV1 respectively. The adult female longevity was found to be maximum on TV1 and minimum on TV23. Life table analyses revealed that the net reproductive rate (R0) was maximum on TV17 and minimum on TV23. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and weekly multiplication rate (erm.7) were maximum on TV1 and minimum on TV23. The doubling time was maximum for the population on TV23 and minimum on TV1. The results indicated that the growth and adult reproductive parameters were affected by the three different cultivars of tea which could be applied in tea thrips control management.
Challenges of Online Medical Education in Khartoum Sudan during COVID-19 Pandemic 2021
Authors: Sabir Mustafa , Kunna Ezzan
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Education and teaching has been adversely affected since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. Millions of students have been affected by the closure of educational institutions, including medical colleges and universities.To help students and save time, several institutes have turned to online education.
Objectives:
To investigate the challenges of online medical education during covid19 pandemic in Khartoum state.
Methodology:
Descriptive Cross-Sectional study of six medical faculties which were selected by convenient sampling, an online questionnaire was used. Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences were used for data analysis, frequency tables and figures for analysis of data.
Results:
328 medical students across six faculties responded 132 (40.2%) are males and 196 (59.8%) are females. 209 (63.7%) of them between 18 – 22 years old, 116 (35.4%) between 23 – 26 years old and only 3 (0.9%) exceeded 26. The study found that students encountered difficulties concerning poor internet connection, which encountered 242 (73%). Also the major challenges encountered by the students were not only technical issues but also teachers related issues as 234 (71.3%) stated that the incompetence of teachers while dealing with online platforms was a major issue for them.
Conclusions and Recommendations:
Within the scope of this study, students had a primarily unfavorable view of the implementation of online education.
It is recommended that further research should be undertaken to understand the teachers’ views and experiences towards online education during the pandemic, to widen the view and knowing the whole scale of the challenges.
Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Total Correction Surgery Applied to Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot: 26 years of our experience
Authors: Ertürk Murat , Polat Ahmet Bülent , Karademir Nur , Öztarhan Kazım
Published: September 2022

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, includes a broad spectrum of RVOTO and multiple variants with surgical interventions and postoperative management tailored to each patient. In our study, we compared the morbidity and mortality rates of our two different surgical approaches according to the surgical criteria that have changed in the last 26 years.
Material and Method:Total correction surgery was performed on 967 patients with tetralogy of Fallot by the same surgical team in our clinic. The patients were divided into 2 groups, 340 in Group 1 and 627 in Group 2, according to preoperative criteria. Demographic data of the patients, preoperative evaluation methods, additional pathologies of the patients in the preoperative period, palliative operations performed before total correction and early postoperative complications were evaluated.
Results: A significant difference was observed in the mortality and morbidity outcomes of the 2 groups compared. Since the number of patients < 1 year was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1, less palliative surgery was performed before total correction. Our patients in Group 2 had a lower incidence of postoperative complications, low cardiac output, and arrhythmia.
Conclusion: Correction of the pathology at an early age in symptomatic patients with a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot positively affects the prognosis of the patient. In addition, early diagnosis and treatment in all patients with or without symptoms have a significant impact on the prognosis of complications that may occur in the postoperative period. We believe that one of the biggest factors in surgical success is an experienced surgical team that has worked together for many years.
Evaluation of the microRNA transcriptome in feline whole blood
Authors: Ohlsson Åsa , Hanås Sofia , Holst Bodil S. , Lorent Julie , Andersson Göran , Höglund Katja , Tidholm Anna , Ljungvall Ingrid , Häggström Jens
Published: September 2022

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for numerous diseases. Characterization of the whole blood (WB) miRNA-transcriptome (miRNome) in cats is lacking, which limits the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for i.e. feline heart disease. The aims of the present study were to identify and evaluate circulating miRNAs in feline WB by high-throughput sequencing of the total miRNome in WB from twelve cats, representing domestic mixed breed (DOM) and Norwegian Forest (NFO) cats with or without preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A total of 459 mature miRNAs were identified in feline WB, of which 40 were identified as potential novel miRNAs for cat. A majority, 85.3%, of the miRNAs showed sequence similarity with human miRNAs. An effect of breed was found, with up to thirteen miRNAs being differentially expressed between breeds. One miRNA, miR-204-5p, was potentially associated with preclinical HCM in NFO cats, but needs to be confirmed in a larger and sex-unbiased cohort. Most of the identified miRNAs in feline WB can be associated with regulation of haematopoietic cells. In conclusion, miRNome-sequencing can identify hundreds of circulating miRNAs in feline WB and breed should be considered when evaluating the miRNome in feline WB, especially in cohorts including preclinical patients.
Silica Extraction From Rice Hull Ash Through the Sol-gel Process Under Ultrasound
Authors: Fusinato Mirian Dosolina , Amaral Maria Alice Farias da Silva , de Irigon Paula Irigon , Calgaro Camila O. , Santos Diego Gil de los , Filho Pedro José Sanches
Published: September 2022

Rice is among the main foods produced in the world and is part of the daily diet of most families. The main waste from rice processing is rice husk (RH), which has been used as biomass for energy generation through combustion. In this process, rice husk ash (RHA) is generated as a residue, and its silica (SiO2) content varies from 85–98%. The present work describes the study of the extraction of silica from RHA by the ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method. An experimental design based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the symmetrical, second-order Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) was applied to determine the best extraction conditions considering extraction time and molar ratio (n) as variables = nNaOH / nSilica). These optimal conditions were then applied to three ash samples, two obtained by the combustion process in a boiler furnace, with a mobile grate system (RHAC1 and RHAC2), and one obtained by the pyrolysis process (RHAP) carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that a molar ratio of 4.4, and an extraction time of 107 minutes were the best extraction conditions, leading to a yield of 73.3% for RHAP, 43.9% for RHAC1, and 31.1% for RHAC2. It was found that the extraction yield and textural properties of the silica obtained depend on the characteristics of the ash used. The silica extracted from RHAC1 presented a surface area of ​​465 m2.g− 1, mesopores of 4.69 nm, purity greater than 95%, and an ultra-fine granulometric distribution, reaching nanoparticle dimensions, characteristics comparable to commercially available silicas.
Splenic lymphangiomas as a common indication for splenectomy: a case series with literature review
Authors: Efared Boubacar , Bako Aïchatou Balaraba Abani , Younssa Hama , Boubacar Idrissa , Zabeirou Aliou , Koura Hamadou Halidou , Boureima Habiba Salifou , Amadou Soumaila , Coulibaly Idrissa Seriba , Lassey James Didier , Nouhou Hassan
Published: September 2022

Background
Splenic lymphangiomas (SL) are very rare benign cystic lesions found in pediatric population. Their occurrence in adults is exceptional. Splenectomy is the common management of splenic lesions for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purpose. Our aim is to report additional cases of SL diagnosed on splenectomy specimens at our Pathology laboratory with literature review.
Methods
This is a retrospective study including all cases of splenectomy recorded at our Pathology laboratory (June 2020 – August 2022). We performed a comparison of clinicopathological features between patients with SL and those with other benign splenic diseases.
Results
Sixteen cases of splenectomy were included. The mean age was 30.25 years (range of 6–70 years). The final histopathological diagnoses were congestive spleens in all cases of sickle cell disease (SCD) (5/16 patients, 31.25%), splenic cystic lymphangiomas (4/16 patients, 25%), capsular splenic infiltration by gastric and colic cancers (3/16 cases, 18.75%), splenic abscess (2/16 cases, 12.5%) and splenic rupture with subcapsular hematoma (1/16 patients ,6.25%). 12/16 patients (75%) had benign splenic conditions (4/12 with SL, 5/12 with SCD, 2/12 with abscess and 1/12 with splenic trauma). Patients with SL were older than those with other benign splenic conditions (mean age of 28.27 years versus 20.87 years). Also patients with SL presented with massive splenomegaly (mean splenic weight of 1675 g versus 418.75 g, mean splenic size of 19.62 cm versus 14.63 cm). Open surgery was performed in 15/16 patients (93.75%).
Conclusions
Unlike previous studies, our series shows that SL are a common indication for splenectomy and occur in older patients with massive cystic splenomegaly. Open splenectomy is still an usual surgical practice in our country.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Women with a Third Parity in Southwest China
Authors: Yao Junxiu , Guo Xin , Dong Xudong
Published: September 2022

Background: Fertility is a topic of concern in every country, and all the countries are advocating fertility and improving their fertility policies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parity on pregnancy outcomes, and provided reasonable prevention and intervention of risk factors to reduce the incidence of adverse maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: A total of 1,200 women were randomly selected by parity and they were divided into three groups. The pregnancy outcomes of the three groups were compared by using Partition of Chi-square. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association between parity and pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for other confounding influencing factors.
Results: Age (28.82 ± 4.01 vs 32.33 ± 4.30 vs 33.80 ± 4.49), BMI (26.31 ± 3.04 vs 27.08 ± 3.17 vs 27.57 ± 3.36), gestational weeks (39.13 ± 1.67 vs 38.70 ± 1.71 vs 38.36 ± 1.82), days from admission to delivery (0.89 ± 1.20 vs 0.89 ± 1.28 vs 1.13 ± 1.18), scar uterus (0.8% vs 37% vs 62%), fertilization way, and delivery way were significantly different among the three groups of women. Multi parity is a risk factor for the occurrence of preterm birth (OR = 1.602, 95% CI: 1.181–2.173), perinatal anemia (OR = 1.468, 95% CI: 1.099–1.963), and uterine rupture (OR = 2.752, 95% CI: 1.261–6.007). It is a protective factor for low birth weight (OR = 0.564, 95% CI: 0.321–0.992), amniotic fluid turbidity (OR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.418–0.739), and fetal distress (OR = 0.171, 95% CI: 0.080–0.365) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Multi parity is not an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but mostly combined with scar uterus, advanced age, obesity, IVF, and other risk factors that lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Strictly controlling the indications of cesarean section, early fertility, and reasonable weight gain during pregnancy are the most effective measures to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes after the opening of the three-child policy in China.
Over-expression of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-coding gene, GsCAD1, from wild soybean enhances resistance to soybean mosaic virus
Authors: xun hong wei , Qian Xueyan , Wang Meng , Yu Jiaxin , Zhang Xue , Pang Jinsong , Wang Shucai , Jiang Lili , Dong Yingshan , Liu Bao
Published: September 2022

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent soybean viral disease around the world. As a critical enzyme in secondary metabolism of plants, especially in lignin synthesis, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is widely involved in plant growth and development, and defense pathogen infestation. We performed transcriptome analyses between a high SMV-resistant accession (BYO-15) of wild soybean (Glycine soja) and a SMV-susceptible soybean cultivar (Williams 82) at 7 and 14 days post-inoculation with SMV, found that the expression of GsCAD1 was significantly up-regulated after the inoculation with SMV in the wild soybean, while the GmCAD1 did not show a significant and persistent induction in the soybean cultivar, suggesting GsCAD1 might play a role in SMV resistance. We cloned GsCAD1 and overexpressed it in a SMV-susceptible cultivar Williams 82, we found that two independent GsCAD1-overexpression (OE) lines showed significantly enhanced SMV resistance compared with the non-transformed wild-type (WT) control. Intriguingly, the lignin content in both OE lines were higher than the WT control. Further liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the contents of Salicylic Acid (SA) were significantly improved in the OE lines than that of WT, coinciding with the up-regulated expression of an SA synthesis and response gene, PR1. Finally, we observed that either or both replication and intercellular movement of SMV in leaves of the transgenic GsCAD1-OE lines were constrained relative those in non-transgenic WT plants. Collectively, our results suggest that GsCAD1 enhances resistance to SMV in soybean most likely by affecting the contents of lignin and SA.
Three-decadal biomonitoring highlight the critical role of land buffer area in wetland biodiversity conservation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Daizhong , Jin Xiaowei , Li Liqiang , Wang Chouming , Wang Yeyao , Pellissie Loïc , Johnson Andrew , Wu Fengchang , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: September 2022

Ecosystems on earth have endured rapid changes over the last decades, but freshwater wetlands have disproportionally suffered biodiversity loss. Understanding the drivers of the decline of wetland ecosystems is the prerequisites for effective management scheme. However, a lack of long-term data on biological indicators like benthic macroinvertebrates have limited our understanding. Under the critical time window of the recent Anthropocene, China's longest in-situ aquatic biomonitoring data were combined with satellite imaging to construct profiles of some essential biodiversity variables of the Dongting Lake, a large Ramsar wetland in the Yangtze River basin. The results showed that the integrity of macroinvertebrate community systematically declined in the last three decades, accompanied by the stresses of lake eutrophication, climate warming and weakening of the connectivity between the Yangtze River and the lake. Unlike previously speculated attribution, the establishment of the Three Gorges Dam was found to only have a limited impact on the biodiversity loss of Dongting Lake. Changes in human land-use intensity in the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem, by increasing nutrient loading, were found to be the main mechanism resulting in the decline of macroinvertebrates. Biodiversity changes were most influenced by land-use within 1.5 km from the water body. The results highlight that to attenuate such a major local land-use effect, establishing a protected buffer area surrounding wetland ecosystems will help preserve biodiversity in the future.
A phase II study of chidamide, cytarabine, aclarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wei Yan , Wang Lijun , Zhu Chengying , Li Honghua , Bo Jian , Zhang Ran , Lu Ning , Wu Yongli , Gao Xiaoning , Dou Liping , Liu Daihong , Gao Chunji
Published: September 2022

Chemotherapy followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a promising treatment for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the best strategy for administering this therapy is still unclear. This study sought to explore the efficacy and safety of chidamide and CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) (CCAG) regimen followed by DLI in relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. This was a single-arm, phase II trial in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. CCAG regimen followed by DLI was given according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty adult patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 12 months. The complete remission (CR) rate was 45% and the partial remission (PR) rate was 5%. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 56.7% (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 31.6-75.6%), and the median OS was 19 months. The one-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 83.3% (95% CI, 27.3-97.5%). Patients relapsing more than 6 months after HSCT and achieving CR/PR after CCAG plus DLI regimen attained significantly higher survival rates. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 9.4%. There was no treatment-related mortality (TRM). These data suggest that CCAG plus DLI regimen is safe and induces durable remission and superior survival in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. Trial registration number: ChiCTR.org identifier: ChiCTR1800017740 and date of registration: August 12, 2018.