bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le système d’une île-entreprise en Guadeloupe (1940-1970)
Authors: Touchelay Marie-Christine
Published: October 2021

Le changement de statut de son territoire avec la loi du 19 mars 1946 n’entraîne pas la fin de l’île-entreprise en Guadeloupe : jusqu’aux aux années 1980, elle reste sous l’emprise de l’industrie sucrière imposée comme seul outil de son développement économique. Comment s’explique cette longévité ? Quels en sont les acteurs et sur quels réseaux s’appuient-ils ? C’est l’objet de cet article.
“If the gas pipeline would be built, we lose”: transcript of Reagan's speech at the US National Security Council Meeting on the Sanctions against Soviet Union
Authors: Yakupov Roman Aleksandrovich , Yakupova Dar'ya Viktorovna
Published: October 2021

The object of this research is the declassified transcript of the US National Security Council Meeting of July 9, 1981, dedicated to introduction of the economic and political restrictions on building of the Soviet gas main pipeline. The subject of this research is the analysis information-bearing capabilities of the office documentation of the US National Security Council Meetings for conducting the scientific assessment of sanctions policy of the US government against the Soviet Union in the 1980s as part of directives on restricting the access of the Soviet Union to foreign markets. The article examines the published protocol the US National Security Council Meeting and related documents that contain information on creating the regime to impede the construction of the gas main pipeline to Europe. The novelty of lies in the fact that this article is first within the framework of historiographical analysis to study the plans of the US President R. Reagan on interruption of the active efforts of the Soviet Union to supply Western Europe with energy. Publication of the document clearly demonstrates that the ideas of restarting the trade-economic development of the Soviet Union were later implemented in other countries in the XXI century, when the Russian Nord Stream pipeline became one of the crucial vanguards within the system of control of the US national security interests in Europe. Based on the newly introduced documents from the foreign archives of the CIA, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, materials of the US periodical press, and memoirs, the author explores the options prepared by the US agencies aimed at complete shutdown, and restriction of access of the participants of the Soviet-German gas pipeline deal to foreign markets and resources, as well as the response of business community to trade embargo with the USSR.
The concept of “l’honnêteté” (nobleness) as the category of ethical and spiritual life in the French society of the XVII century
Authors: Zaуtseva Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is the concept of nobleness “l’honnêteté” as the category of ethical and spiritual life in the French society of the XVII century. The ideas of “l’honnêteta” promted the formation of the new cultural and intellectual elite, anew ethos that was relatively supranational and standing above classes, adapted to court and secular life. The focus of the discussion that unfolded in the early XVII century is the question of whether it is possible to become a noble person by cultivating certain personality traits close to the ideal, or nobleness is an inherent quality and determined by social position in the existing hierarchy. The answer to this crucial question of the era had to destroy the stereotypes of medieval mentality. The philosophy of “l’honnêtetit” legitimized the infiltration of the third estate into the ruling class – nobles of the robe and petty nobility. The discussion around nobleness and the new ideal of a noble person performed the function of adaptation of the elites to the changing social conditions – the strengthening absolutism. The debate on the definition of a noble person continued unabated throughout the XVII century. However, by the second half of the XVII century, it was no longer relevant and completely replaced by the gallant ideal. The Russian historical literature did not give due attention to studying the “theory of nobleness”, which defines the relevance of this research. The focus of attentions shifts onto the new ideal that determines behavioral and communication pattern, system of education, and generated French society in the early XVII century; the ideals, which along with the French language and gallant culture, spreads across Europe and comes to Russia.
Peasant reform of 1861 in Mozhaysky Uyezd in the memoirs of Countess P. S. Uvarova (1840–1924)
Authors: Petrova Olga Sergeevna
Published: October 2021

This article refers to the memoirs of Countess Praskovya Sergeevna Uvarova as the source that sheds light on the peasant reform of 1861 in the Uvarovs  family estate, as well as allows assessing the degree of participation of the representatives of enlightened society in the Great Reforms of 1860s–1870s, determines the impact of these reforms upon the personal story of the author of memoirs. Understanding the events of everyday life alongside the scale of the figure of Countess P. S. Uvarova of the selected source are valuable for reconstructing the landmark events and processes in the country, one of which was the abolition of serfdom in 1861. The article employs biographical method to reconstruct the personal story of P. S. Uvarova and the historical events of that time through her emotional experiences. This opens a new perspective on the events of the past. Analysis of the source describes all the stages of the reform, from the announcement of the Manifesto of February 19, 1861 and response of the enlightened society, to the measures on land development is a single county through the prism of the direct participant of these events.
National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021-2024: anti-corruption elements of the legal status of civil officers
Authors: Grigorev Ivan Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is the normative sources that establish the rights, responsibilities and prohibitions in civil service, as well as the mechanisms for their implementation. The author dwells on the practical issues arising in the context of implementation of anti-corruption legislation associated with the right of the officers to exercise other paid activity, acquire and own securities, responsibility to notify about the possible colliding interests, limitation on the deed of gift due to their professional activities, providing data on income, expenses, property, and real obligations. Special attention is given to certain legal provisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and courts of general jurisdiction related to the peculiarities of the legal status of civil officers. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of the legal issues in regulation of anti-corruption elements of the legal status of civil officers. The main conclusions lies in determination of the gaps and conflicts of legal regulation of such relations. Critical assessment is given to the case law on the appeal of the prosecutors to transfer the property with no evidence that it has been acquired with legitimate income to the income of the Russian Federation. The author formulates recommendations for the improvement of the existing federal legislation on countering corruption in civil service.
Prospects for the implementation and problems of the theory of the Institution of “regulatory sandboxes” (experimental legal regimes) in the Russian Federation
Authors: Makarov Vladislav Olegovich
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the Federal Law of July 31, 2020 “On Experimental Legal Regimes in the Sphere of Digital Innovations in the Russian Federation” enacted in 2021 and aimed at the creation of “regulatory sandboxes “ in the Russian Federation – special regimes that allow the organizations to test the effectiveness of innovative technologies in implementation of their products and services without the risk of breaching the legislation. Leaning on such theoretical categories  as “legal regime” and “legal experiment”, the author explores the elements of the new legal institution introduced into the Russian legal system. Description is given to the scope of applicability of the experimental legal regimes in Russia – the digital innovations. The article reviews the principles, objects, actors, conditions, restrictions, types, and stages of the experimental legal regime; as well as distinguishes the bodies that monitor and assess the legal experiments, including the authorized body for the experimental legal regimes, the organization that represents business community in the experimental legal regimes, regulatory body, coordinating body, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The grounds for termination of implementation of the experimental legal regimes are reviewed. Taking into account the foreign experience, the author predicts positive effect from the implementation of legislative novelty, which is able to ensure operational audit of fintech solutions and offset the potential risks of its implementation
Methods to Visualize Historical Research Data: Courts of the Russian Empire after the Judicial Reform of 1864
Authors: Mikhaelis Svetlana Ivanovna , Mikhaelis Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Mikhaelis Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The article studies the issues of information visualization to demonstrate the results of historical research. It shows how MS Excel and Tableau Public Desktop Edition software can be used to visualize data and generate ideas on the basis of big data sets as well as facilitate the process of scientific research. This software can be used to show data in the form of tables, graphs, and charts helping to present information on the Russian Empire’s court activity. This is the so-called presentation method of visualization which is introductory in its nature and focuses on the audience for which the report is performed. The research is based on statistics of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire and archival data for the period from the second half of the 19th century to the first quarter of the 20th century. It is concluded that today’s level of computing equipment allows researchers to have modern software tools at hand that provide for demonstrating results of their research at conferences, lectures, in dissertations, etc. The article can be used at scientific-methodical seminars of the departments, at professional development courses for teachers as well as to teach undergraduates and graduate students to present the research results.
Reconstruction of German Coastal Defense Line in 1942-1944 and Search for Military Historical Heritage Objects. Bolshoi Tyuters Island. Data of Geophysical Methods and Excavations.
Authors: Borisik Aleksandr L'vovich , Pyatigorskiy Evgeniy Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The article describes the results of full-scale geophysical 2017-2018 studies conducted with the purpose of detecting military historical heritage objects on Bolshoy Tyuters Island. Sand dunes located in the eastern part of the island were studied in a short time by detailed magnetic exploration with an observation step of about 1 m. The most interesting anomalies of the magnetic field were investigated with the georadiolocation method. The processed results provided for mapping the anomalous magnetic field and creating georadiolocation sections and a dimensional relief model which demonstrate anomalies related to German defense and are promising for further excavations. The pinpoint excavations of the identified anomalies made it possible to explain their nature and discover objects of historical value at depths of up to 5 m. Despite high "contamination" of the dunes with metal debris, the use of geophysical methods with a dense observation system made it possible to detect a large number of objects of military historical heritage and significantly reduce the volume of excavations. Linking of the German positions archival scheme at hand additionally provided for comparing the location of the objects found with symbols made on it. After systematization and generalization of all the information obtained during 4 years of research on the island, it is possible to reconstruct the system of German defense in the area of sand dunes with a high degree of reliability.
Evaluation of Coordinate Points Consistency in Medieval Geographical Manuscripts (the case of Ibn Sa'id's Data on the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Frolov Alexey
Published: October 2021

The article develops a technique for analyzing mathematical data (longitude and latitude) characterizing the location of cities in medieval Arabic geographical manuscripts. The calculations made at the coordinates of 19 points given by the Arab-Spanish traveler of the 13th century Ibn Sa'id. These data are taken from his text and from the book of Abu-l-Fida referring to Ibn Sa'id. With the help of the Python - PostgreSQL technological stack for each pair of cities a set of spheroids was determined that fit for placement them in the corresponding coordinates. Then the options for intersecting the sets in all possible combinations are analyzed. The consistent exclusion of all possible combinations of cities from the entire set allows these cities to be arranged according to the degree of consistency of coordinates for any number of withdrawn points. The results tell us that most of the coordinates were not the result of astronomical observations. One of the tasks was to test a hypothesis that some of the cities the coordinates of which were determined more accurately served as “reference” points serving the basis for calculating coordinates of the rest of the cities. Complete consistency of coordinates was achieved with the exclusion of 14 cities from the set in the first version and 13 cities in the second one. However, the geography of the rest cities in Ibn Sa’id’s version does not support the “reference points” hypothesis. Abu-l-Fida’s version can boast a result that is more close to the hypothes, but to prove it one has to solve the problem of data origin used by Abu-l-Fida to correct coordinates. The technique described can be applied to any other set of coordinates of ancient geographical descriptions to evaluate the degree of their consistency and search for “reference” points.
Le langage du droit dans le contexte de transformation des sociétés contemporaines
Authors: Cornu Marie
Published: October 2021

This text deals with the relation of the right to language, in the context of technological, social and political transformations which mark our contemporary societies. How are the renewal of language productions in the legal field the result of these changes and, symmetrically, how do they influence this process of transformation of our societies? I approach the question of the evolution of the language of law by taking the law not as a system in a vacuum, but in the intimate relationship it has with the social.
Renouvellement des formes langagières dans la communication sociale sur Twitter
Authors: Lacaze Grégoire
Published: October 2021

With the increasing development of social communication on social media networks, new linguistic forms have emerged thanks to the technological devices offered by digital platforms, which can be regarded as open spaces characterised by hypertextuality and polysemioticity. This research aims to analyse the typical features of the social media Twitter which is largely used by news media professionals and by political leaders for their official communication. As a sociotechnical digital communication platform, Twitter proves to be the most appropriate broadcast medium for live news since it tends to reduce social and geographical distances between Twitter users who can interact with each other by sending informal messages. Eventually, Twitter can often be viewed as the first social media network allowing transmedial quotations that circulate on other social networks.
Novos mitos e velhas realidades
Authors: Costa Caiuby Alves da
Published: October 2021

O livro apresenta, de forma sintética e linguagem simples, os 500 anos de história do Brasil: da “nação em construção” às ameaças atuais à nação brasileira (nação em desmonte), propondo, um exemplo para o desenvolvimento que leve à saída do pântano em que a nação adentrou. Caminhando em meio a vários períodos da história brasileira Brasil Colônia, Brasil Império e Brasil República, o livro busca evidenciar o quão recorrente é o domínio da elite encastelada no poder, interrompido por curtos períodos de avanço libertário. Nesse percurso, salienta a ação de brasileiros notáveis, como: José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, André Rebouças, Irineu Evangelista de Sousa e outros. Além disso, explicita as lutas constantes travadas ao longo da história do Brasil e a forte contribuição do negro brasileiro. Por fim, analisa as ameaças que pairam sobre a nação em busca da sua construção e apresenta uma proposta exemplo para a retomada do desenvolvimento.
Excitatory and inhibitory receptors utilize distinct post- and trans-synaptic mechanisms in vivo
Authors: Miyazaki Taisuke , Morimoto-Tomita Megumi , Berthoux Coralie , Konno Kotaro , Noam Yoav , Yamasaki Tokiwa , Verhage Matthijs , Castillo Pablo E , Watanabe Masahiko , Tomita Susumu
Published: October 2021

Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses mediate fast synaptic transmission upon binding of the neurotransmitter. Post- and trans-synaptic mechanisms through cytosolic, membrane, and secreted proteins have been proposed to localize neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses. However, it remains unknown which mechanism is crucial to maintain neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses. In this study, we ablated excitatory or inhibitory neurons in adult mouse brains in a cell-autonomous manner. Unexpectedly, we found that excitatory AMPA receptors remain at the postsynaptic density upon ablation of excitatory presynaptic terminals. In contrast, inhibitory GABAA receptors required inhibitory presynaptic terminals for their postsynaptic localization. Consistent with this finding, ectopic expression at excitatory presynapses of neurexin-3 alpha, a putative trans-synaptic interactor with the native GABAA receptor complex, could recruit GABAA receptors to contacted postsynaptic sites. These results establish distinct mechanisms for the maintenance of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic receptors in the mature mammalian brain.
Early prediction of in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients: a machine-learning model based on age, blood analyses, and chest x-ray score
Authors: Garrafa Emirena , Vezzoli Marika , Ravanelli Marco , Farina Davide , Borghesi Andrea , Calza Stefano , Maroldi Roberto
Published: October 2021

An early-warning model to predict in-hospital mortality on admission of COVID-19 patients at an emergency department (ED) was developed and validated using a machine-learning model. In total, 2782 patients were enrolled between March 2020 and December 2020, including 2106 patients (first wave) and 676 patients (second wave) in the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. The first-wave patients were divided into two groups with 1474 patients used to train the model, and 632 to validate it. The 676 patients in the second wave were used to test the model. Age, 17 blood analytes, and Brescia chest X-ray score were the variables processed using a random forests classification algorithm to build and validate the model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the model performances. A web-based death-risk calculator was implemented and integrated within the Laboratory Information System of the hospital. The final score was constructed by age (the most powerful predictor), blood analytes (the strongest predictors were lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte %, ferritin std, and monocyte %), and Brescia chest X-ray score (https://bdbiomed.shinyapps.io/covid19score/). The areas under the ROC curve obtained for the three groups (training, validating, and testing) were 0.98, 0.83, and 0.78, respectively. The model predicts in-hospital mortality on the basis of data that can be obtained in a short time, directly at the ED on admission. It functions as a web-based calculator, providing a risk score which is easy to interpret. It can be used in the triage process to support the decision on patient allocation.
Exploring the reach and impact of Gold and Green OA articles in hybrid journals
Authors: Monaghan Jess
Published: October 2021

Does the type of open access that authors choose for their journal articles make a difference to the reach and impact of their research? 

There are an increasing number of open access policies and mandates, such as Plan S’ policy which was introduced in 2021 for researchers who have been funded by certain members of cOAlition S, and UK Research and Innovation’s policy for UKRI-funded articles from April 2022 and books from 2024. However, some policies intend to exclude authors from selecting OA in hybrid journals by restricting funding only to those journals covered by Transformative Agreements. In addition, some policies seek to increase the availability of Green OA. These policies would seem to conflict with the potential benefits to authors of publishing Gold OA in hybrid journals.

In 2021, Springer Nature commissioned an analysis of 60,567 articles published in hybrid journals to explore the impact and reach of different types of articles (non-OA, Gold OA and Green OA). Our findings show not only that Gold OA articles attract more citations, more downloads, and higher Altmetric Attention Scores on average, compared with non-OA articles, but for the first time we will share evidence of a stronger advantage for Gold OA compared to Green OA. We will discuss the potential implications of these findings for authors, and for institutional and funder policy decisions.
Living the POSI Life
Authors: Fairhurst Vanessa , Pentz Ed
Published: October 2021

Inclusive and efficient open research depends on foundational open scholarly infrastructure. It has become increasingly clear that there is a class of shared infrastructure to enable open research that should be open, community-governed, sustainable and trusted by the research community.  However, to date there has been little clarity about how to assess, or even define, open scholarly infrastructure. As services that the scholarly community relies on and are essential to open research have been closed down or sold, it is imperative to understand and assess what constitutes open scholarly infrastructure.  

The Principles of Open Scholarly Infrastructure (POSI) were conceived to ensure that the stakeholders of a community-led organization or initiative have a clear say in setting its agenda and priorities, and can carefully close it down and start an alternative if needed. 

Join us in conversation with Ed Pentz, Executive Director of Crossref, to find out why the adoption of POSI is so significant for Crossref, how the organization currently meets the principles and what we will strive to do better, what this will mean for the future of Crossref and the wider community, and how you can get involved and learn more.
Perception of Palm Sugar Enterprise Units towards E-commerce Platform in Southern Tamilnadu
Authors: Kamali V. M. Rosina , Balaji R. , Kiruthika N.
Published: October 2021

Palm sugar is a rapid growing industry. The palm sugar products available through e-commerce platform helps the enterprises to reach more markets leading to more customers and the consumers can get quality products free of adulterations from the traditional producers.The purpose of the paper is to study the awareness and perception of palm sugar enterprise units towards e-commerce platform. Other palm sugar edible allied product enterprises are also considered in the study. The enterprise unit sample comprises of the private enterprises, societies, traders, exporters and distributors. The result of the study shows that a major of the respondents has awareness and knowledge about e-commerce in the palm sugar enterprise sector. Their perception towards e-commerce platform is that, they agree on the common benefits of e-commerce platform like the quick product reach and promotion, and wider customer base with easy interaction and rapid business growth. But still perceive that traditional means of commerce is more advantageous than the e-commerce platform and the government have not taken enough measures for the adoption of e-commerce practices by the palm sugar enterprise units.
Study of Vitamin D Receptor Levels in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Elkhalek Elnady Eman Abd , Mohamed Badraia Ibrahim , El-Haleim Hagag Adel Abd , Amr Hamam Sarah
Published: October 2021

Background: Vitamin D, affecting many tissues and organs of the body. It exerts many of its effects through contact with Vitamin D receptor (VDR) It Is Important especially in immune system; Immune thrombocytopenia is one of the most common causes of symptomatic thrombocytopenia in children.

Aim: The main objective of our study was to study vitamin D receptor level in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and effect of vitamin D supplementation upon the response of the thrombocytopenia to conventional therapy of ITP.

Subjects and Methods: This is a case control study which included 30 ITP children, who would be attendants to Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospital in Egypt. This study would include also 30 apparently healthy children matched in age and sex as a control group. The duration of the study ranges from 6 to 12 months, for all patients and controls the following were done: complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration, serum level of Vitamin D receptors, serum calcium level, serum phosphorus level, serum alkaline phosphatase level and serum parathyroid hormone level.

Results: the results revealed that mean ± SD of Vitamin D receptors in case group is 132.43 ± 14.58 and there was statistical difference between groups regarding Vitamin D receptor. There was statistical difference between platelets count and Serum total Ca (mg/dl) with negative correlation, while there was no statistical difference between platelets count and Vitamin D receptor. There was statistically significant difference in platelets count in patient with ITP before and after conventional treatment and platelets count in patient with ITP under conventional treatment plus vitamin D supplementation.

Conclusion: VD receptors elevation is very common in ITP. Supplementing VD might diminish recurrence. Further research is needed.
The Biggest Peaceful Protest against Corporations in Human History—Daring Farmers of India
Authors: K. Sangha Kamaljit
Published: October 2021

The current crisis in Indian agriculture warrants solutions, but in consultation with farmers and related institutions; unlike the imposition of Farming Reforming Bills passed by the Indian Government on 20-22 September 2020. The three recent Indian Government’s Farming Reform Acts i.e. Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce; Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act; and Essential Commodities Act, have caused frustration and agitation among millions of farmers, farm-workers, and the general public since September 2020. The agitation continues to date and has expanded to almost every state and territory. The government has failed to understand the fundamental farmers’ perspective—agriculture is their heritage, not a business. The main reason for the design of these Acts is that policymakers within the government do not understand the true value of agricultural economy in villages which are the foundation of India, and instead prefer to liaise with corporations for business gains while compromising the needs of millions of people. This article provides a critical analysis of the current agricultural situation in India.
A Study to Assess Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis and Its Associated Factor among School Going Children in Selected Rural Areas of Vadodara
Authors: Soni Nirali , Patel Rupal , Patel Jenisha , Patel Hetavi , Patel Hemali , Patel Harsh
Published: October 2021

Background: Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins. Bedwetting in children and adults can result in emotional stress. Little is known about toilet training in pre-modern societies, but attitudes toward training in recent history have fluctuated substantially, and may vary across cultures and according to demographics. Treatments range from behavioral therapy, such as bedwetting alarms, to medication, such as hormone replacement, and even surgery such as urethral dilatation. Since most bedwetting is simply a developmental delay, most treatment plans aim to protect or improve self-esteem. Treatment guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents, warning about psychological consequences caused by pressure, shaming, or punishment for a condition children cannot control. Bedwetting is the most common childhood complaint. Children may face certain risks associated with training, such as slips or falling toilet seats, and toilet training may act in some circumstances as a trigger for abuse.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors among school going children in selected rural areas of Vadodara.

Methods: A descriptive research design was carried out for this study. The sample size of the study is 500. Participants were selected using stratified sampling technique. The tool is consists of two parts. First part consist of demographic data of the sample and second part consist of assertiveness self-assessment questionnaire.

Results: While assessing the associated factors of nocturnal enuresis in school going children, 15% children are having mild nocturnal enursesis,77%children are having moderate nocturnal enuresis and 8% children are having severe nocturnal enuresis. While assessing the association, there are three demographic variables age, sex and education of father has no significant association. So H0 has been rejected and H1 is accepted.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that majority of the children’s is having moderate level of nocturnal enuresis (77%) and minority of the children’s is having severe level of nocturnal enuresis (8%).
Anti-Cancer Activity of Gabapentin and Chiral Amino Acids-Based Hybrid-Peptides against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell-Line
Authors: Pansuriya Vraj B. , Kapadiya Khushal M. , Rathod Suryajitsinji L. , Prajapati Usha B. , Vavaiya Bhavin M. , Padariya Jasmin B. , Vaidya Foram U. , Pathak Chandramani , Parekh Hitesh M.
Published: October 2021

Aims: Herein, we report the cytotoxicity of gabapentin-based peptides (11a-11j) using L-alanine and L-phenyl alanine chiral amino acids for peptide bond formation in ten efficient and straightforward steps. The in vitro MTT assays of derived molecules on the MCF-7 cell line (a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) exhibited enhanced antitumor activity compared to the control (100% cell proliferation).

Methods: The ten steps synthetic methods were adapted for the synthesis of the Gabapentin-based peptide derivatives through BOC- deBOC methods and using EDC-HCl, DMAP and commercially available solvents. All the synthesized peptides were unambiguously characterized with the help of spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectra, and elemental) data analysis.

Results: The Compounds 11a, 11b, 11h,11i, and 11j showed a remarkable antiproliferative (cell death) activity, with % cell proliferation values ranging from 25-38 %.

Conclusion: The study showed that the compounds with some specific functionalities like, benzylic and trifluoromethyl functionality enhanced the potency with comparable %cell proliferation and cell death. Based on the findings in this work and their easily accessible molecular structures, compounds 11a and 11j are worthy of further biological investigations.
Model free adaptive control design for a tilt trirotor unmanned aerial vehicle with quaternion feedback: Theory and implementation
Authors: Gu Xun , Xian Bin , Li Jieqi
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the attitude and altitude tracking control of the tilt trirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is subject to modeling uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. A novel model free adaptive controller is designed to achieve asymptotic tracking control of the UAV attitude and altitude channels. The control scheme is based on the data driven strategy, and relies on the input/output data to estimate the system dynamics online. Furthermore, the discrete sliding mode algorithm is combined to enhance the system robustness, and the quaternion feedback is employed to avoid the singularity associated with the attitude control design. The stability of closed‐loop system and the convergence of the tracking errors are proved. And real time flight experiments are preformed on a tilt trirotor UAV control testbed. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and achieve a strong robustness with respect to the modeling uncertainties and unknown external disturbances.
Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor with Water‐in‐Salt Hydrogel Electrolyte and N/P‐Dual Doped Graphene Hydrogel Electrodes
Authors: Deng Yongqi , Wang Hongfei , Zhang Kefu , Qiu Jun , Yan Lifeng
Published: October 2021

Aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to the bivalent nature, high abundance, and stability in the water‐based system of zinc. High energy density and superb power output can be achieved simultaneously by integrating a battery‐type electrode and a capacitive‐type electrode. However, there are still many issues that remain, including but not only hydrogen evolution reaction, dendrite growth, and dramatic capacity loss at low temperatures. Herein, a new type of hybrid “water‐in‐salt” hydrogel electrolyte based on 1 m Zn(CH3COO)2 and 20 m CH3COOK to expand the voltage window of ZHSCs to 0–2.1 V by suppressing the decomposition of water molecules is developed. The aqueous ZHSC delivers maximum energy of 100.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 487.5 W kg−1 based on the active materials and displays excellent cycling stability with 99.5% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles. Meanwhile, it is found that the assembled flexible quasi‐solid‐state ZHSC using the potassium polyacrylate/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel electrolyte (containing 1 m Zn(CH3COO)2 and 20 m CH3COOK) also shows high‐performance (energy density of 106.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 383.3 W kg−1) with temperature adaptability at low temperature and wearable application potential with excellent energy storage performance.
Obesity Impairs Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing BMP Signaling within the Dermomyotome
Authors: Zhao Liang , Law Nathan C. , Gomez Noe A. , Son Junseok , Gao Yao , Liu Xiangdong , de Avila Jeanene M. , Zhu Mei‐Jun , Du Min
Published: October 2021

Obesity during pregnancy leads to adverse health outcomes in offspring. However, the initial effects of maternal obesity (MO) on embryonic organogenesis have yet to be thoroughly examined. Using unbiased single‐cell transcriptomic analyses (scRNA‐seq), the effects of MO on the myogenic process is investigated in embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) mouse embryos. The results suggest that MO induces systematic hypoxia, which is correlated with enhanced BMP signaling and impairs skeletal muscle differentiation within the dermomyotome (DM). The Notch‐signaling effectors, HES1 and HEY1, which also act down‐stream of BMP signaling, suppress myogenic differentiation through transcriptionally repressing the important myogenic regulator MEF2C. Moreover, the major hypoxia effector, HIF1A, enhances expression of HES1 and HEY1 and blocks myogenic differentiation in vitro. In summary, this data demonstrate that MO induces hypoxia and impairs myogenic differentiation by up‐regulating BMP signaling within the DM, which may account for the disruptions of skeletal muscle development and function in progeny.
An LMNA synonymous variant associated with severe dilated cardiomyopathy: Case report
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Mumme‐Monheit Abigail , Chen Suet Nee , Spector Elaine B. , Slavov Dobromir , Baralle Francisco E. , Bristow Michael R. , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew R. G. ,   Familial Cardiomyopathy Registry
Published: October 2021

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common cardiac phenotypes caused by mutations of lamin A/C (LMNA) gene in humans. In our study, a cohort of 57 patients who underwent heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy was screened for variants in LMNA. We identified a synonymous variant c.936G>A in the last nucleotide of exon 5 of LMNA in a DCM family. Clinically, the LMNA variant carriers presented with severe familial DCM, conduction disease, and high creatine‐kinase level. The LMNA c.936G>A variant is novel and has not been reported in current genetic variant databases. Sanger sequencing results showed the presence of LMNA c.936G>A variant in the genomic DNA but not in the cDNA derived from one family member's heart tissue. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed significantly lower LMNA mRNA levels in the patient's heart compared to the controls, suggesting that the c.936G>A LMNA variant resulted in reduced mRNA and possibly lower protein expression of LMNA. These findings expand the understanding on the association between synonymous variant of LMNA and the molecular pathogenesis in DCM patients.
On channel estimation in cell‐free massive MIMO for spatially correlated channels with correlated shadowing under Rician fading
Authors: Amadid Jamal , Belhabib Abdelfettah , Zeroual Abdelouhab
Published: October 2021

This work addresses channel estimation (CE) in the uplink phase for a cell‐free massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system operating under the time division duplex protocol. Considering that, channels are spatially correlated under the Rician fading model, where the investigated model is composed of two components: deterministic and nondeterministic, with the deterministic component describing the line‐of‐sight paths and the nondeterministic component describing the non‐line‐of‐sight paths. Additionally, we dealt with correlated shadow fading that represents the most realistic situation. On the other hand, this work introduces a dynamic cooperation cluster framework in which the user is not served with the whole network ( i.e., all access points [APs]) but only the APs that present the best channel conditions regarding that user. In other words, this work proposes partial CE for each user because only APs with the best channel conditions are allowed to compute channel estimates. Consequently, we proposed partial channel estimators that perform the CE process with low complexity, namely, a partial minimum mean square error estimator and a partial element‐wise minimum mean square error estimator. In addition, a simple pilot assignment technique is proposed in order to reduce interference signals so that each user experiences low interference from other users. Furthermore, the computational complexity required by each estimator is derived, where it is represented by the number of complex multiplications that each estimator requires in each consistency block. Theoretical and simulated results are provided, where the performance of each estimator is evaluated and analyzed using the normalized mean‐square error metric.
Relationship between objectively measured physical activity on neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Resistance versus resilience?
Authors: Memel Molly , Buchman Aron S. , Bennett David A. , Casaletto Kaitlin
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Physical activity (PA) is associated with better cognitive and brain health. However, it remains unclear whether PA relates to accumulation of disease pathology (“resistance”) or indirectly moderates adverse effects of pathology on cognition (“cognitive resilience”).

Methods

Five hundred thirteen Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) decedents completed longitudinal actigraphy monitoring, cognitive testing, and neuropathological examination. Cross‐sectional models tested the relationship between average PA and pathology, and the moderating effect of baseline PA on the association between pathology and cognition. Longitudinal models examined whether changes in PA moderated associations between pathology and cognition.

Results

PA was negatively associated with Lewy body disease (LBD), but positively associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) burdens. Baseline PA attenuated the association between cerebrovascular pathology and cognition, whereas longitudinal change in PA attenuated associations between AD, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43, and atherosclerosis on cognitive decline.

Discussion

Whereas PA relates to “cognitive resilience” against cerebrovascular disease, AD, and other neuropathologies, “resistance” effects were limited.
A missense variant Arg611Cys inLIPEwhich encodes hormone sensitive lipase decreases lipolysis and increases risk of type 2 diabetes in American Indians
Authors: Muller Yunhua L. , Sutherland Jeff , Nair Anup K. , Koroglu Cigdem , Kobes Sayuko , Knowler William C. , Van Hout Cristopher V. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Shuldiner Alan R. , Hanson Robert L. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J.
Published: October 2021

Aims

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), encoded by theLIPEgene, is involved in lipolysis. Based on prior animal and human studies,LIPEwas analysed as a candidate gene for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a community‐based sample of American Indians.

Materials and methods

Whole‐exome sequence data from 6782 participants with longitudinal clinical measures were used to identify variation inLIPE.

Results

Amongst the 16 missense variants identified, an Arg611Cys variant (rs34052647; Cys‐allele frequency = 0.087) significantly associated with T2D (OR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.17–1.64],p = 0.0002, adjusted for age, sex, birth year, and the first five genetic principal components) and an earlier onset age of T2D (HR = 1.22 [1.09–1.36],p = 0.0005). This variant was further analysed for quantitative traits related to T2D. Amongst non‐diabetic American Indians, those with the T2D risk Cys‐allele had increased insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (0.07 SD per Cys‐allele,p = 0.04) and a mixed meal test (0.08 log10µU/ml per Cys‐allele,p = 0.003), and had increased lipid oxidation rates post‐absorptively and during insulin infusion (0.07 mg [kg estimated metabolic body size {EMBS}]−1 min−1per Cys‐allele for both,p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively), compared to individuals with the non‐risk Arg‐allele.In vitrofunctional studies showed that cells expressing the Cys‐allele had a 17.2% decrease in lipolysis under isoproterenol stimulation (p = 0.03) and a 21.3% decrease in lipase enzyme activity measured by usingp‐nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate (p = 0.04) compared to the Arg‐allele.

Conclusion

The Arg611Cys variant causes a modest impairment in lipolysis, thereby affecting glucose homoeostasis and risk of T2D.
Irreproducibility in searches of scientific literature: A comparative analysis
Authors: Pozsgai Gábor , Lövei Gábor L. , Vasseur Liette , Gurr Geoff , Batáry Péter , Korponai János , Littlewood Nick A. , Liu Jian , Móra Arnold , Obrycki John , Reynolds Olivia , Stockan Jenni A. , VanVolkenburg Heather , Zhang Jie , Zhou Wenwu , You Minsheng
Published: October 2021

Repeatability is the cornerstone of science, and it is particularly important for systematic reviews. However, little is known on how researchers’ choice of database, and search platform influence the repeatability of systematic reviews. Here, we aim to unveil how the computer environment and the location where the search was initiated from influence hit results.

We present a comparative analysis of time‐synchronized searches at different institutional locations in the world and evaluate the consistency of hits obtained within each of the search terms using different search platforms.

We revealed a large variation among search platforms and showed that PubMed and Scopus returned consistent results to identical search strings from different locations. Google Scholar and Web of Science's Core Collection varied substantially both in the number of returned hits and in the list of individual articles depending on the search location and computing environment. Inconsistency in Web of Science results has most likely emerged from the different licensing packages at different institutions.

To maintain scientific integrity and consistency, especially in systematic reviews, action is needed from both the scientific community and scientific search platforms to increase search consistency. Researchers are encouraged to report the search location and the databases used for systematic reviews, and database providers should make search algorithms transparent and revise access rules to titles behind paywalls. Additional options for increasing the repeatability and transparency of systematic reviews are storing both search metadata and hit results in open repositories and using Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to retrieve standardized, machine‐readable search metadata.
LDL‐cholesterol and PCSK9 in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: influence of PCSK9 variants under lipid‐lowering therapy
Authors: Hamasaki Masato , Sakane Naoki , Hara Kazuo , Kotani Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

Background

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant genetic disease with the elevated levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL‐C), increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene is associated with FH. There is a positive relationship between circulating LDL‐C and PCSK9 levels, a potential CAD condition, without lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT); however, we do not know whether their correlation exists in FH patients under LLT.

Methods

This study compared the correlation of PCSK9 variants among patients with FH under LLT (n = 70; mean age, 53 years; male, 63%). LDLR, PCSK9 and APOB variants were analyzed using next‐generation sequencing.

Results

The LDL‐C and PCSK9 levels in patients with gain‐of‐function (GOF) variants of PCSK9 (n = 7) were mostly similar to those in patients with LDLR variants (n = 17) or variant‐negative patients (n = 46). A significant positive correlation was observed between LDL‐C and PCSK9 levels in patients with GOF variants of PCSK9 (r = 0.79, p = 0.04), but not in patients with LDLR variants or variant‐negative patients.

Conclusion

The LDL‐C‐PCSK9 correlation is suggested to be retained in FH patients with GOF variants of PCSK9 even under LLT, and these variants can be used as molecular markers for additional treatment with statins in FH patients.