bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition, frequency and seasonal distribution of periphytic microalgae in stretches of the Curiaú River, Amapá, Eastern Amazon
Authors: Bastos Gabriele Luini Lima , Barros Ademir da Silva , Ferreira Ana Carolina dos Santos , Faustino Silvia Maria Mathes , Silveira Júnior Arialdo Martins da
Published: November 2022

Periphyton communities are composed of microorganisms loosely attached to the substrate, including fungi, bacteria, microinvertebrates, and mostly microalgae. Due to their photosynthesizing component, they are important primary producers that subsidize the aquatic trophic chain. This study aimed to verify the composition, frequency, and seasonal distribution of periphytic microalgae in stretches of the Curiaú River, located in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Curiaú River, in the State of Amapá. For this, quarterly collections were carried out comprising the months of June 2016 to October 2017, during the dry and rainy seasons. The periphyton algal communities were obtained by squeezing parts of two macrophytes species, Eichhornia crassipes Mart. (Solms) and Pistia stratiotes L. The data were statistically treated using absolute values and the Kruskal-Wallis test, the latter considering the distribution of richness between sites and sampling periods (significance level of α=0.05). A total of 64 taxa were inventoried, aggregated into three taxonomic divisions: Chlorophyta (n=48; 75%), Cyanophyta (n=12; 18.75%) and Heterokontophyta (n=4; 6.25%). In class terms, Zygnematophyceae had the highest number of taxa (n=42; 65.63%), followed by Cyanophyceae (n=12; 18.75%), Chlorophyceae (n=5; 7.81%), Bacillariophyceae (n=4; 6.25%) and, finally, Ulvophyceae (n=1; 1.56%). Of the total number of inventoried taxa, 64.06% (n=41) presented sporadic frequency. Species richness was influenced by seasonality, as higher values were associated with the rainy season (p<0.05). This research is a contribution to the phycology of the Amazon region, especially in its pioneering for the state of Amapá.
Global existence of the two-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations for the Chaplygin gas with large angular velocities
Authors: Wei Dongyi , Zhang Zhifei , Zhao Wenbin
Published: November 2022

The Chaplygin gas model is both interesting and important in the theory of gas dynamics and conservation laws, all the characteristic families of which are linearly degenerate. Majda conjectured that the shock formation never happens for smooth data. In this article, we prove the conjecture for the two space dimensional axisymmetric case. Different from previous approaches to study wave equations with different speeds, we reformulate the problem in the Lagrangian coordinates and consider a single wave equation with variable coefficients. This not only gives a simpler proof but also enables us to treat the case with large angular velocities.
Platonismo e aristotelismo nelTimaeusdi Cicerone
Authors: Brumana Selene I. S.
Published: November 2022

Cicero’sTimaeuslegitimately stands as the first Latin exegesis of the Platonic dialogue. I shall deal with the interpretation of §§19–21, a passage that departs significantly from the Greek text in several respects. The aim of this paper is to explore the role Aristotelianism might have played in Cicero’sTimaeus. Among the points that support such an analysis is the mention of the Peripatetic Cratippus in the prologue. The interpretative scenario I suggest considers both Cratippus’ role and Antiochus’s philosophical system with its agreement between Platonism and Aristotelianism.
Entwicklungen christlicher Friedensethik und die Zukunft der Friedensbewegung
Authors: Haspel Michael
Published: November 2022

Die evangelische Friedensethik und die Friedensgruppen in der evangelischen Kirche waren lange wichtige Faktoren für die Friedensbewegung in Ost wie West und für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. In der Folge der russischen Offensive in der Ukraine waren die Stellungnahmen der evangelischen Kirche allerdings vielstimmig und hatten wenig Resonanz im öffentlichen Raum. In diesem Essay werden ganz unterschiedliche Ursachen dafür ausgemacht. Zunächst kam das dominierende friedensethische Modell des Verantwortungspazifismus (legal pacifism) bei dieser Aggression an seine Grenze. Aber auch die schwindende öffentliche Relevanz der Kirchen generell und inner-organisationale Schwierigkeiten trugen dazu bei. Da sich die Mehrheit im protestantischen Bereich mit einer Ethik der rechtserhaltenden Gewalt zur Selbstverteidigung der Ukraine und überwiegend auch zu Waffenlieferungen bekennt, sind aus diesem Bereich keine Impulse für eine Friedensbewegungzu erwarten. Allerdings könnte von der innerprotestantischen Debatte Inspiration für den friedensethischen und -politischenDiskursausgehen.
Pronunciation pedagogy in English as a foreign language teacher education programs in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Loc Tan , Burri Michael
Published: November 2022

Pronunciation has gained significant attention in the field of English language teaching, with recent studies examining pronunciation representation in textbooks, classroom practices, teachers’ beliefs, and learners’ perceptions. However, research into teachers learning to teach English pronunciation is only beginning to emerge. The current study extends this line of enquiry by investigating the preparation of 20 Vietnamese English teachers to teach pronunciation. The study also examined the teachers’ perceptions of how Vietnamese teacher education could further assist teachers in teaching pronunciation. Qualitative data sources included academic transcripts, a questionnaire, and individual semi-structured interviews to examine the teacher-participants’ pronunciation pedagogy training and their beliefs about effective pronunciation teacher preparation. The findings showed that the teachers were insufficiently trained but reported being confident in their ability to teach English pronunciation. The participants also proposed several changes to be made to Vietnamese English teacher education programs for teachers to teach pronunciation more effectively.
Method development and validation for quantification of six bioactive compounds (andrographolide, columbin, piperine, gallic, paracoumaric and oleanolic acids) by HPTLC
Authors: Shanmugam Murugammal , Subramanian Subashini , Ramachandran Shakila
Published: November 2022

Objectives

During the spread of pandemic diseases, immunity boosting herbal drugs are taken as a preventive medicine. Kapacurak Kuṭinīr Cūraṇam is a Siddha drug used for flu like viral infections, cold and fever. Developing an analytical method to estimate the content of active phytoconstituents in such antiviral immune boosting drug will be useful in the phyto pharmaceutical industry.

Methods

A precise, reliable and sensitive ordinary phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for identification and simultaneous estimation of six bioactive components namely like andrographolide, columbin, gallic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, piperine and oleanolic acid from any Indian traditional medicine, medicinal plant, drugs and food materials etc. The separation was achieved on silica gel 60F254 TLC plates using toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The gallic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, piperine markers were estimated using the densitometric scanning in absorption mode at 254 nm. The densitometric scanning was done after derivatization (vanillin–sulphuric acid reagent) at λ=520 nm for andrographolide, columbin and oleanolic acid.

Results

The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a correlation coefficient in the concentration range 1–5 μg per band for the bioactive markers with respect to area. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and quantitation of limit (LOQ).

Conclusions

Developed method was accurate, precise and fast to ensure the quality of Kapacurak Kuṭinīr Cūraṇam.
Publius at Naupaktos: The First Macedonian War and Phlegon of Tralles’ anti-Roman Prophecies inDe Mirabilia3
Authors: Prieto Juan P.
Published: November 2022

A brief state of the art for Phlegon of Tralles’De Mirabilia3 anti-Roman prophecies is followed by a reassessment of four of its components: the historical identification of the Roman protagonist “Publius”, Naupaktos as the main stage for the prophecies, the multiple meanings of the Red Wolf as well as the Oak Tree, and the Roman military retreat. By analyzing these specific elements, it will be argued that these presages were not only associated with events during the Antiochean and Mithridatic Wars, but were also related with historical experiences from the First Macedonian Conflict.
Why Markets? The Provisioning of Classical Greek Military Forces on the Move through Friendly, Allied, and Neutral Territory
Authors: O’Connor Stephen
Published: November 2022

Classical Greek armies and navies moving through the territory of friendly, allied, and neutral city-states provisioned themselves through markets organized and controlled by those city-states. No scholar has ever explained why this was so. By placing this practice within a comparative framework, this article demonstrates that the protocol of the provision of markets bypoleisto passing armies developed in the way it did in the late Archaic and early Classical Greek world because Greek states in this period lacked the logistical structures to exert sustained coercive power against other states. Once the protocol was established, however, it continued in use throughout the Classical period even after fifth-century Athenian navies gained the logistical capacity to apply prolonged strategic pressure on coastal and islandpoleis. Use of the protocol continued because traditions of autonomy as well as long-standing customs governing relations between states restrained even the Aegean-dominating Athenians from using more forceful means of acquisition than markets to acquire their food from otherpoleis.
The Athenian Bank: a Conspicuous Example of Labour Specialisation
Authors: Falco Giacinto
Published: November 2022

My research applies the categories of labour specialisation and professionalism to the Athenian bank with a view to demonstrating that banking was a full-time occupation requiring a complex set of skills and that bankers could be considered professionals rather than simple workers. This paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I scrutinise all the sources regarding the banks’ activities and the bankers’ clients to show that thetrapezaiwere constantly frequented by traders, members of the wealthy upper class and most likely individuals belonging to the social middle class. This first section reveals how the banks’ clients exerted a high and constant demand for the services offered by the Athenian bankers. The second section explores the set of skills required to run a bank or even simply to work as a bank employee and aims at demonstrating how important it was that banks were efficiently organised through a precise division of labour. Such a division clearly shows that banking was a highly specialised activity. In the third section I identify the features that qualify bankers as professionals, namely social prestige, the passing down of knowledge and skills to individuals other than the bankers’ sons, and the creation of a wide network of international contacts. The analysis conducted on Athenian bankers to determine whether or not they constitute professionals is reinforced with several parallels to bankers active in other prosperous poleis, such as Delos.
Evangelical Historiography in the Colonial and Postcolonial Eras
Authors: Clark David Andrew
Published: November 2022

To better understand how a particular community understands its story, we look at the philosophy, aesthetics, and historical–cultural contexts of those who have written its history. This article analyses an example of colonial era historiography entitledThe Progress of Dogmawritten by Scottish evangelical theologian James Orr. It critically evaluates how Orr’s historiographical approach is at once an asset and a liability for evangelical Christians in the postcolonial era. Orr argued for the cohesiveness and continuity of historical orthodox doctrine, particularly as it stood over against the liberal, deconstructive approaches that were gaining traction in his day. In this sense, Orr’s work may be considered an asset to evangelical Christians today as they attempt to defend a foundationalist reading of history over against that of postfoundational philosophers such as Michel Foucault. There is a concern, however, with Orr’s adaptation of the historical methodology presented by GWF Hegel. This dialectical, linear approach has had a disastrous effect on the evangelical interpretation of doctrinal history. Rich traditions have been ignored or lost, Eurocentrism has prevailed, and many Christians whose home or origin is in the Global South continue to struggle with what they perceive as the residue of the colonial enterprise. This article argues that Evangelical historiography must be reconstructed. In the conclusion, new lines of enquiry are presented that may allow evangelicals to affirm the historical cohesiveness and continuity of their doctrine, while at the same time giving serious consideration to postcolonial sensibilities.
Effect of bypass ratio on sonic underexpanded co-flow jets with finite lip thickness
Authors: Radha Krishnan Naren Shankar , Kumar Sathish Kumar , Kengaiah Vijayaraja , Chidambaram Senthilkumar , Rathakrishnan Ethirajan
Published: November 2022

The characteristics of a sonic under-expanded coaxial jet with lip thickness 1.5D

p
(where D

p
is the exit diameter of primary jet equals 10 mm) with the primary jet operating at nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 3, 4 and 5. For NPR 3 operating primary jet, the secondary jet operates at NPR 2.5, 1.4 and 1.27. For primary jet NPR 4, the secondary jet operating NPR is 3.2, 1.6 and 1.4. For NPR 5 primary jet, the secondary jet NPR is 3.8, 1.89 and 1.52. The study is performed using a co-flow nozzle of bypass ratio (BR) 6.4, 1.4 and 0.7. The core length of the primary jet is used as a measure to quantify the mixing of the primary jet in the presence of coaxial jet. The shock structure present in the near field was viewed using shadowgraph technique. Centreline pitot pressure distribution, radial spread and waves present in the jet core were analyzed. The results show that the mixing associated with the high bypass coaxial jet is superior to the low bypass coaxial jet. This mixing superiority associated with high bypass coaxial jet prevails all levels of expansion.
Biothiol-triggered H2S release from a near-infrared fluorescent H2S donor promotes cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Ding Mengbin , Ning Lulu , Yuan Fang , Li Jingchao , Guo Yuan , Mu Yuguang , Zhang Jianjian
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays crucial roles in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and cytoprotection. Despite substantial progress in the design and synthesis of activatable H2S donors, methods for high-precision detection and imaging of released H2S in living systems have been lacking. In this study, a biothiol-activated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent H2S donor, PRO-ST, was developed for real-time visualization of H2S release. PRO-ST consists of a dicyanoisophorone-based NIR fluorescence moiety (TCOO), a biothiol-trigger moiety (4-isothiocyanate benzyl alcohol), and a sulfur-source group (thiophosgene). PRO-ST exhibits high NIR fluorescence enhancement (45-fold), outstanding H2S release efficiency (73%), controllable H2S release (60 min), and excellent cell compatibility. These distinctive features enable PRO-ST to be applied in visualizing H2S release in cells, zebrafish, and mice. Moreover, PRO-ST exhibits excellent performance in visualizing real-time anti-inflammation and wound healing enhancement in biological systems, as confirmed by in situ visualization of H2S release. Thus, PRO-ST provides a versatile and effective method to detect and visualize H2S release, elucidate the mechanisms underlying wound healing, or optimize interventional therapy.
Optimal Control Costs of Brain State Transitions in Linear Stochastic Systems
Authors: Kamiya Shunsuke , Kawakita Genji , Sasai Shuntaro , Kitazono Jun , Oizumi Masafumi
Published: November 2022

The brain is a system that performs numerous functions by controlling its states. Quantifying the cost of this control is essential as it reveals how the brain can be controlled based on the minimization of the control cost, and which brain regions are most important to the optimal control of transitions. Despite its great potential, the current control paradigm in neuroscience uses a deterministic framework and is therefore unable to consider stochasticity, severely limiting its application to neural data. Here, to resolve this limitation, we propose a novel framework for the evaluation of control costs based on a linear stochastic model. Following our previous work, we quantified the optimal control cost as the minimal Kullback-Leibler divergence between the uncontrolled and controlled processes. In the linear model, we established an analytical expression for minimal cost and showed that we can decompose it into the cost for controlling the mean and covariance of brain activity. To evaluate the utility of our novel framework, we examined the significant brain regions in the optimal control of transitions from the resting state to seven cognitive task states in human whole-brain imaging data of either sex. We found that, in realizing the different transitions, the lower visual areas commonly played a significant role in controlling the means, while the posterior cingulate cortex commonly played a significant role in controlling the covariances.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain performs many cognitive functions by controlling its states. Quantifying the cost of this control is essential as it reveals how the brain can be optimally controlled in terms of the cost, and which brain regions are most important to the optimal control of transitions. Here, we built a novel framework to quantify control cost that takes account of stochasticity of neural activity, which is ignored in previous studies. We established the analytical expression of the stochastic control cost, which enables us to compute the cost in high-dimensional neural data. We identified the significant brain regions for the optimal control in cognitive tasks in human whole-brain imaging data.
Various vigour test methods to rank seed lot quality and predict field emergence in two forage grasses
Authors: Munyaneza Venuste , Li Deming , Jia Pan , Hu Xiaowen
Published: November 2022

The development of seed vigour testing methods is important for high seed quality selection and, consequently, ensuring high seedling emergence and uniform establishment in the field, particularly in harsh environments. In this study, standard germination (SG), germination under water
and temperature stress conditions, radicle emergence (RE) count, accelerated ageing (AA), and electrical conductivity (EC) tests were applied to evaluate the vigour of Poa crymophila and Elymus dahuricus seed lots. SG ranged from 70 to 88% for P. crymophila and
81 to 97% for E. dahuricus, with no significant correlation with field emergence (FE) for either species. EC was significantly correlated (r = -0.774, P < 0.05) with FE for P. crymophila seeds, but not for E. dahuricus. RE counts at 144 and 108 hours
from sowing for P. crymophila and E. dahuricus, respectively, were significantly correlated with FE. Germination after one day of AA for P. crymophila and four days for E. dahuricus were more closely correlated with FE than other AA periods. Germination at -0.2
MPa and 15°C for P. crymophila, 0.0 MPa and 20°C for E. dahuricus also related to field emergence.
Study of a Semi-Active Control System to Reduce Lateral Displacement in Framed Structures under Seismic Load
Authors: Lara Valencia Luis Augusto , Valencia Gonzalez Yamile , Bedoya Zambrano David Marcelo
Published: November 2022

This study presents the numerical implementation of a semi-active control system used to reduce lateral displacements in framed structures under seismic loads. To manage forces in the structures, two controllable fluid devices called magnetorheological (MR) dampers were used, and a fuzzy logic (FL) algorithm was employed to determine the optimal control forces. The FL controller has been programmed based on a set of 49 inference rules using two input parameters: displacement and velocity of the first story of the uncontrolled structure. The voltage to be applied to the MR dampers was the output parameter of the control algorithm, thus altering the damping forces in the system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, three plane frame structures with different geometric configurations were modeled and subjected to four different real ground accelerations records. The results obtained in this study showed considerable reductions in displacement, acceleration, and interstory drift for all the structures studied, demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of the controller to improve the damping characteristics in structures.
Emulating Textures Using Vibrotactile Technology: HaptTech System and its Adaptation to a Commercial Kinesthetic Interface
Authors: Santís Chaves Mauricio , Franco Mesa Juan Camilo , Zapata Berruecos José Fernando , Hernández Calle Jonathan Andrés , Salinas Sergio Alexander , Pérez Ariza Vera Zasúlich
Published: November 2022

This article presents the development and testing of a tactile interface prototype, HaptTech, that applies vibrotactile stimulation patterns to the fingertip, as well as an analysis of its performance when coupled to the commercial kinesthetic interface Novint Falcon. Its applicability in digital entertainment expects to improve the level of immersion into virtual reality scenarios. In the first experiment, a group of 75 subjects compared three different vibration stimuli that emulated different textures. They evaluated the stimuli on a 1 to 10 scale, where 1 means ‘non-perceivable differences’ and 10 means ‘entirely differentiable’. The obtained mean values were 9 (textures 1 and 3), 8,29 (textures 1 and 2), and 7,43 (textures 2 and 3), indicating HaptTech’s capability to reproduce differentiable stimuli. In the second experiment, 31 subjects evaluated the coupling between HaptTech and Novint Falcon. They perceived differences when the HaptTech system was activated in the context of a comparison between kinesthetic and vibrotactile plus kinesthetic stimuli. In the third experiment, the subjects evaluated the similarity between the perceived stimuli on the hand and a visualized texture pattern in a virtual environment. The resulting median values were 8, 8, and 9 for textures 1, 2, and 3, respectively, which demonstrate that the subjects perceived a high correspondence for each one.
Correlation between Electrical Conductivity and the Percentage of Fermented Beans for Peruvian CCN 51 Cocoa Beans
Authors: Loo Miranda Jorge Luis Miguel , Chire-Fajardo Gabriela , Ureña-Peralta Milber
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) and the percentage of fermented beans (FB) of the CCN 51 cocoa bean cultivar. To this effect, the FB of three lots of cocoa beans fermented from 0 to 6 days was evaluated via the cut test method. In addition, the effect of the number of beans (15, 20, 25), the days of fermentation (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and production lots (1, 2, 3) on the EC of whole and cut beans was evaluated (p<0,05). Then, EC values of 15, 20, and 25 of each presentation (whole or cut) of cocoa beans were correlated with their FB. An increase in FB from 0,00 to 89,70% was observed after six days of fermentation. The EC increased from 6,86 to 42,73 µS cm-1 g-1 in whole beans and from 38,45 to 63,16 µS cm-1 g-1 for cut beans as the fermentation progressed. There were no significant differences (p < 0,05) between the EC of 15, 20, and 25 whole beans. On the other hand, there was a significant different (p < 0,05) in EC of 15 cut beans in comparison to EC of 20 and 25 cut beans. Finally, it was concluded that there is a directly proportional linear relationship between the EC and the FB of cocoa beans, which is stronger for whole beans, with correlation coefficients of 0,963, 0,967, and 0,959 for 15, 20, and 25 beans, respectively.
Movilidad estudiantil de colombianos residentes en Rennes, Francia: perfil de migrantes y motivos de dicha elección (2018-2019)
Authors: Baeza-Kruuse Martina
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo es redactado a partir de una investigación de carácter sociológico realizada en Francia, la cual buscaba encontrar los elementos claves para comprender el porqué del aumento progresivo e importante de estudiantes de origen colombiano en la Université Rennes 2, ubicada en la región de Bretagne. A partir del análisis de los datos estadísticos del Observatoire de la Movilité Internationale y del Institut National d'Études Démographiques (ined); del estudio del perfil y las motivaciones de los estudiantes colombianos que llegaban a Rennes, este trabajo permitió comprender mejor los efectos de la globalización y de la internacionalización de la educación superior (De Wit, 2011) en los estudiantes colombianos, donde la migración se convierte en un medio para lograr la movilidad social de dicho grupo. Francia es uno de los países europeos que permite que los proyectos de movilidad por estudios se materialicen, gracias al fácil acceso a la educación superior para los estudiantes internacionales, la asistencia que pueden recibir, vinculada al alojamiento y la alimentación y las facilidades que disponen los estudiantes para realizar trabajos en el sector “servicios” (aseo, restauración, cuidados, etc.), al mismo tiempo que sus estudios. Este artículo se enfoca en dos puntos centrales de la investigación. En primer lugar, el perfil o características individuales de los estudiantes colombianos que deciden partir a Francia, entre los cuales podemos destacar factores económicos y sociales principalmente, que serían los factores que llevan a los individuos a tomar la decisión de migrar. En segundo lugar, se profundiza en los elementos que son relevantes al momento de elegir la ciudad donde llegar, evidenciando el porqué de la decisión de llegar a Rennes. Para finalizar, en las principales reflexiones que se obtuvieron luego de analizar estos elementos se distinguen tres aspectos relacionados con el incremento de los estudiantes colombianos en la ciudad Rennes que están ligados al perfil de los estudiantes que llegan a dicha ciudad, los factores que los motivan a salir de su país de origen y los elementos que influencian en la elección de Rennes como ciudad de acogida.
El combate entre hinchas en Bogotá: sociología de la violencia del fútbol
Authors: Castro John
Published: November 2022

A partir de la década de 1990 en Colombia los hinchas (para enfrentar a sus rivales) normalizaron el uso de puños, patadas y cabezazos, luego, pasaron a utilizar botellas de vidrio, palos de madera y piedras y, en el presente, manejan cuchillos y armas de fuego. Este tipo de manifestaciones mostraron la formación de las denominadas barras bravas; hinchas organizados grupalmente quienes exhiben una diversidad de comportamientos antes, durante y después de los partidos; por ejemplo, relacionados con la violencia. Entre los hinchas, que son quienes forman las barras bravas, los enfrentamientos o las peleas se denomina combate. De este modo, el combate se refiere a los enfrentamientos entre los hinchas, es decir, a las peleas entre hinchas rivales. El combate es la manifestación de una forma de masculinidad que visibiliza hombría, habilidades corporales para el enfrentamiento y destrezas en el manejo de botellas de vidrio, palos de madera y piedras. Además sirve para ratificar la identidad grupal, pues permite comprobar quienes permanecen en la pelea contra los rivales.
Las consecuencias de la participación en el combate son lesiones, fracturas y múltiples heridas, huellas en el cuerpo que serán exhibidas a través de cicatrices; todo lo que tiene como resultado la construcción de cierta influencia y autoridad entre los hinchas, lo que, además, ordena su jerarquía. Sin embargo, quienes no son parte de este grupo social entienden este tipo de significados y de comportamientos como agresivos y conflictivos ya que ejercen la violencia de unos contra otros, recurriendo al uso de múltiples armas para lesionar, e incluso, eliminar al otro. Por ese motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es comprender y explicar el combate o la violencia entre los hinchas que forman las barras bravas de Bogotá. En este sentido, este trabajo de investigación se desarrolló a partir de la presencia frecuente en distintas actividades del grupo social (barra brava) y en las conversaciones con los sujetos (hinchas), es decir, la investigación se ha elaborado desde el trabajo de campo etnográfico.
FLAT LIKELIHOODS: SIR-POISSON MODEL CASE
Authors: Montoya José A. , Figueroa-Preciado Gudelia , Tocto-Erazo Mayra Rosalia
Published: November 2022

Systems of differential equations are used as the basis to define mathematical structures for moments, like the mean and variance, of random variables probability distributions.  Nevertheless, the integration of a deterministic model and a probabilistic one, with the aim of describing a random phenomenon, and take advantage of the observed data for making inferences on certain population dynamic characteristics, can lead to parameter identifiability problems. Furthermore, approaches to deal with those problems are usually inappropriate. In this paper, the shape of the likelihood function of a SIR-Poisson model is used to describe the relationship between flat likelihoods and the identifiability parameter problem.   In particular, we show how a flattened shape for the profile likelihood of the basic reproductive number R0, arises as the observed sample (over time) becomes smaller, causing ambiguity regarding the shape of the average model behavior.  We conducted some simulation studies to analyze the flatness severity of the R0 likelihood, and the coverage frequency of the likelihood-confidence regions for the model parameters. Finally, we describe some approaches to deal the practical identifiability problem, showing the impact those can have on inferences.  We believe this work can help to raise awareness on the way statistical inferences can be affected by a priori parameter assumptions and the underlying relationship between them, as well as by model reparameterizations and incorrect model assumptions.
Perinatal outcomes of preterm premature rupture of membranes before 36 weeks of pregnancy
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Dubossarska Yu.O. , Puziy Ye.O. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: November 2022

The purpose - to evaluate the clinical status of newborns in women with pregnancy complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) and its relationship with the course of pregnancy and childbirth, the duration of the latency period between pPROM and delivery (LP), as well as with the levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (β-defensins 2) in the mother’s blood. Materials and methods. The condition and morbidity of newborns with preterm birth due to pPROM have been carefully studied. The levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (β-defensins 2) in the blood serum of 109 women with singleton pregnancy complicated by pPROM at 23-36 weeks of gestation and 20 pregnant women of the control group with intact membranes, who subsequently gave birth to full-term babies, were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. No significant relationship between the condition of newborns and the duration of LP was found. Medical tactics of pregnancy management with pPROM led to the presence of a direct relationship between the prolongation of LP and the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome with dexamethasone/betamethasone (r=+0.36; p<0.001), tocolytic therapy with nifedipine (r=+0.30; p<0.01) against the background of antibacterial therapy. Groups of pregnant women with different duration of LP were statistically comparable in terms of gestation at the time of delivery. The average content of vitamin 25(OH)D in the blood of pregnant women with pPROM was reduced by half (26.3±0.9 pg/ml vs. 52.9±2.4 pg/ml), and the expression level of β-defensins 2 - by 1.4 times compared to the control group (78.4±1.8 pg/ml vs. 107.4±2.6 pg/ml). It has been confirmed that the level of vitamin 25(OH)D in the blood of women with pregnancy complicated by pPROM is directly associated with the gestational age of the newborn (r=+0.22; p<0.05) and the corresponding assessments of its condition. Reliable associations of the expression level of β-defensins 2 in the mother's blood with the indicators of the course of pregnancy and perinatal period, as well as with certain characteristics of the condition of newborns were found. Conclusions. No reliable association between the condition of newborns and the LP was found, which can be explained by the adequate tactics of managing pregnant women with pPROM. A significant decrease in the levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (β-defensins 2) in blood serum of the examined pregnant women with pPROM compared to the control group was determined. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patients was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Modern concept and organization of medical nutrition for children in health care institutions of Ukraine
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Antoshkina A.M. , Horobets A.O. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vasijukova M.M. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,
Published: November 2022

The system of diets according to groups of diseases (Pevzner’s diets), developed back in the 1920s, was the basis of medical nutrition in the USSR and for about 20 years in Ukraine. The lack of diseases effective treatment schemes and measures caused such a long period of its use. The aim of present investigation is to highlight the main principles of modern concept of medical nutrition in pediatrics and to describe main aspects of methodology of its apporintment. In recent decades, ideas about the pathogenesis of various pathologies have changed, new effective methods of therapy have been introduced, and modern challenges (such as overweight or food allergies) have intensified. On the one hand, this required individualization, and on the other, it made it possible to liberalize the diet of patients. According to the new concept of dietary nutrition, all patients need a diet that is adequate in terms of energy value and balanced in terms of the composition of the most important nutrients, taking into account the stage of the disease and individual characteristics of the child’s organism (intolerance of certain products, food preferences etc.). A peculiarity of the methodology of prescribing medical nutrition for children is taking into account the physiological needs of the child for his age. The persons responsible for the organization of medical nutrition in health care institutions are a nutritionist and a dietitian nurse. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Postponed Problems of University Management: A Strategic Dimension
Authors: Tomilin O. B.
Published: November 2022

This research article discusses the latest changes within the triangle of higher education system coordination: the state – the market – the academic community, i. e. the changes in the interests of stakeholders. The topicality of this issue lies in the fact that the state of stakeholders’ interests determines the content of the factors of their impact on higher education institutions. The task of university management is to build effective mechanisms for adapting the universities’ activities to environmental factors. The author studies the stakeholders’ interests. For the state, these imply choosing a method for the effective use of budgetary resources, which would have a social and economic effect. For the market, these interests include forming educational level content self-sufficiency in the conditions of «massivization» of higher education and determining the content of education technologies, which take into account the specific features of the Z generation. For the academic community, here belongs the organizational design of the «plastic transformation» of academic identity that has taken place. The paper discusses the possibilities of solving the identified problems of university management, which have a strategic dimension, by creating a mechanism for active universities’ adaptation to the current environmental conditions. The research may be of interest to senior officials of higher education, as well as to the Russian academic community.
Challenges of Educational Migration at the Present Stage
Authors: Rostovskaya T. K. , Skorobogatova V. I.
Published: November 2022

According to the Federal Project «Russia is an attractive country for studying and working», by 2030 the number of foreign students should increase by 1.5 times compared to 2021. In recent years, higher education educational institutions of higher education have made significant progress in attracting foreign students on average, their annual growth in the number of foreign students in Russian universities in during the last previous three years has beenbeing about 6 % per year. The attraction ofAttracting foreign students in recent years has been associated with serious challenges: the pandemic and quarantine restrictions (2020–2021), the forced transition of universities to distance learning (2020– 2022), the transformation of the geopolitical situation, the allocation of the category of unfriendly countries, the rejection of the Bologna format of the organization of the educational process organization. These factors have also left their mark oninfluenced the admission campaign of the 2022–2023 academic year. The authors of the articlethis paper aim to at identifying the key problems of internationalization of education internationalization in modern conditions. We propose fundamentally new managerial and legal solutions for the development of educational migration developmentat a qualitatively new level. The empirical basis of the study was a university international services employees’ survey of employees of international services ofpoll universities and the official statistics of international and Russian organizations. The main research methods are formal legal and comparative legal. The article may be useful tomight be of use for the employees of educational authorities, uni versity management, employees and of university international services of educational institutions of higher education, for university managers, and for international education experts in the field of international education.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Regarding the Financial Aspects of Prosthetic Rehabilitation Using Dental Implants: A Double-Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Shenoy Amrutha , Ganapathy Dhanraj M. , Maiti Subhabrata , Sivaswamy Vinay
Published: November 2022

To assess up to date patient and doctor perceived costs of dental implant surgery among the Indian population as there is a lack of information regarding patients' awareness of dental implants. Two online questionnaire forms were sent over the internet to the Indian population and the Indian dentists and dental students regarding the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding the dental implant surgery for rehabilitation of a single missing tooth. Statistical analysis was then carried out using SPSS software version 23.0. Thirty-eight percent (P < 0.05) of the participants questioned the thought that implants require the same care as fixed prostheses, and thought it was a better option due to a major percent expecting an additional payment > 10,000 indian rupees. The expectations that patients have for an implant-supported set are high in contrast to their willingness to make additional payments. There are still misconceptions regarding costs, and these must be resolved individually in practice.
Compound Joint-life Annuity Frailty Modeling
Authors: Onchere Walter Omonywa , Weke Patrick Guge , Ottieno Joseph Makoteku , Ogutu Carolyne
Published: November 2022

Dans ce papier, nous proposons un estimateur de la classe de mesures de la pauvreté de Foster, Greer et Thorbecke. Le nouveau estimateur est construit avec un noyau adaptatif et la largeur de fenêtre de l'estimateur amélioré est obtenue en fonction de l'étendue des observations. Un exemple de simulation est présenté permettant de faire des comparaisons avec quatre autres estimateurs. La performance du nouveau estimateur proposé est évaluée au moyen de la variance et du critère de l'erreur quadratique moyenne. Les résultats de l'étude de simulation sont très prometteurs; ils montrent que notre estimateur modifié se comporte bien dans tous les cas.
The Architectural Pedigree of İznik’s 14th-Century Green Mosque in Turkey
Authors: Akboy-Ilk Serra
Published: November 2022

A monument constructed in the dynastic beginnings of the Ottoman Empire, the 14th-Century Yeşil Camii (Green Mosque), was one of the first buildings sponsored after the conquest of the Byzantine city Nicaea (İznik). Commissioned by Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (1364-1387), the mosque became a landmark of a burgeoning Ottoman government that soon reigned over three continents. With the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the centuries-old Ottoman Empire, with all its institutions, was abolished. The Türk Tarih Tezi (Turkish History Thesis) became the propaganda of the nation-state, denoting a national spirit among Turks in all periods of history. In this historicist reading, the Green Mosque became a beacon signifying the zeitgeist of pure national building forms for the Turks. In the late 1930s, the secular appraisal of this thesis began to wane in favor of a religious-ethnic reading. Imperial monuments with an Islamic past came to befit the locus of Turkish identity. Nevertheless, the ideological transformation of the Green Mosque transcended any objectifying vision. The nationalist lens shifted, emphasizing Muslim-Turks over the Turkish race and iterating a formal revelation of the Green Mosque that has perpetuated the long-standing understanding of the building. This essay presents the Green Mosque in view of the texts written by prominent architects and historians, against the backdrop of crossing boundaries between architectural historiography and nationhood of space, from early beginnings to late 1980s.
LA GUERRA DE UCRANIA: LA DIMENSIÓN NUCLEAR DE LA GUERRA EN UCRANIA: NUEVA NARRATIVA, PODER Y ORDEN INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Demurtas Alessandro
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo analiza el surgimiento y la evolución de la dimensión nuclear de la guerra en Ucrania bajo una perspectiva triple. Después de una breve contextualización de la nuclearización del conflicto, el estudio destaca las principales novedades en las narrativas nucleares de las grandes potencias a raíz de la guerra, es decir Rusia, Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU.), Reino Unido, Francia y China. En segundo lugar, se analizan las dinámicas relacionadas con el ejercicio del poder nuclear, destacando los riesgos de una escalada nuclear de la guerra y el aumento de la proliferación vertical y horizontal. Tercero, el análisis ofrece un estado de la cuestión sobre el orden nuclear internacional y el régimen de no proliferación, para acabar con la crisis del sistema europeo de seguridad.
LA GUERRA DE UCRANIA: AL FILO DE SU COMPETENCIA RATIONE MATERIAE: LA PROVIDENCIA DE LA CORTE INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTICIA EN EL ASUNTO ALEGACIONES DE GENOCIDIO EN VIRTUD DE LA CONVENCIÓN PARA LA PREVENCIÓN Y LA SANCIÓN DEL CRIMEN DE GENOCIDIO (UCRANIA C. FEDERACIÓN RUSA)
Authors: Garrido Muñoz Asier
Published: November 2022

La CIJ («la Corte») ha dictado una importantísima providencia sobre medidas provisionales en el asunto Alegaciones de Genocidio en virtud de la Convención para la prevención y la sanción del crimen de genocidio (Ucrania c. Rusia). Su importancia deriva no solo del contexto, sino también del lenguaje utilizado por la Corte, ciertas afirmaciones vertidas por esta respecto de las actuaciones rusas en Ucrania, y las medidas decretadas. Sin embargo, el resultado no disipa las dudas que plantea la demanda ucraniana relativas a la competencia ratione materiae de la Corte. Este trabajo analiza esta cuestión basándose en los argumentos planteados hasta el momento ante la Corte, llegando a la conclusión de que, efectivamente, ni en el texto de la Convención sobre genocidio, ni en la protección de su objeto y fin, puede Ucrania encontrar un fundamento claro para sus pretensiones.
LA POLÍTICA ÁRTICA DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA EN PERSPECTIVA GEOPOLÍTICA: DE LA COOPERACIÓN PACÍFICA A LAS RUPTURAS ÁRTICAS (2017-2022)
Authors: Conde Pérez Elena
Published: November 2022

Este artículo aspira a ser una revisión crítica de las políticas árticas de la UE, particularmente de la más reciente Comunicación de la Unión Europea para el Ártico, de 13 de octubre de 2021, desde una perspectiva geopolítica e histórica. En este sentido, se examinarán los elementos que han servido para asegurar que el Ártico ha venido siendo un espacio de cooperación pacífica y cómo ese entorno geopolítico favorable ha incidido en la evolución histórica de las políticas de la UE hacia el Ártico, no exentas de desencuentros. Esta investigación usa la fecha crítica de 2017 para señalarla como el momento en el que suceden importantes «rupturas árticas» que llegan al momento actual y que indican un cambio de paradigma desde la cooperación pacífica a una región de posible enfrentamiento. Con ese telón de fondo, el artículo analiza qué puede llegar a funcionar bien en la nueva Comunicación de la UE hacia el Ártico y qué debería repensar la UE si quiere asumir un liderazgo en la región en un momento en el que todo apunta a una crisis del orden liberal mundial tal y como fue establecido tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y refundado en los años noventa.
LA UNIÓN EUROPEA EN LAS NEGOCIACIONES CLIMÁTICAS: ¿REFERENTE O LÍDER EN LA LUCHA CONTRA EL CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL?
Authors: García Lupiola Asier
Published: November 2022

La UE lleva décadas en primera línea de la lucha contra el cambio climático y constituye un referente en esta materia, tanto por las políticas y normas adoptadas a nivel interno como por las propuestas presentadas en las negociaciones climáticas internacionales, así como por su apuesta por ayudar a los países más necesitados en la lucha contra el calentamiento global. Sin embargo, no resulta tan evidente que la UE ejerza el liderazgo de la acción climática internacional, al menos, no en solitario y de manera continuada, vista su capacidad para influir efectivamente en los resultados de las negociaciones climáticas. El presente trabajo analiza la evolución de ese teórico liderazgo europeo a partir del desarrollo de las conferencias de la CMNUCC, las propuestas presentadas en las mismas por la UE y los acuerdos adoptados.