bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THERMAL CONTROL OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLING DEVICES OF TRANSMISSION AND RECEIVING ELEMENTS OF ON-BOARDINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Zaykov Vladimir P. , Mescheryakov Vladimir I. , Zhuravlov Yurii I.
Published: December 2020

The work is a continuation of studies of the dynamic characteristics of thermoelectric coolers aimed at analyzing the influence of temperature differences, current operating modes, design parameters of the device and physical parameters of the material of thermoelements for a timeconstant. The article analyzes the effect of the heat sink capacity of the radiator on the dynamic characteristics, energy and reliability indicators of a single-stage thermoelectric cooler.A dynamic model of a thermoelectric cooler has been developed taking into account the weight and size parameters of the radiator, which relate the main energy indicators of the cooler with the heat removal capacity of the radiator, operating currents, the value of the heat load and the relative temperature difference. The analysis of the dynamic model shows that with an increase in the heat-removing capacity of the radiator at a given thermal load and various current modes, the main parameters of the cooler change. The required number of thermoelements, power consumption, time to reach a stationary mode, and relative failure rate are reduced.With an increase in the relative operating current, the time to reach the stationary mode of operation decreases for different values of the heat sink capacity of the radiator. It is shown that the minimum time to reach the stationary operating mode is provided in the maximum refrigerating capacity mode. The studies were carried out at different values of the heat sink capacity of the radiator in the operating range of temperature drops and the geometry of thermoelements.The possibility of minimizing the heat-dissipating surface of the radiator at various current operating modes and the relationship with the main parameters, reliability indicators and the time to reach the stationary operating mode areshown. Comparative analysis of weight and size characteristics, main parameters, reliability indicators and dynamics of functioning with rational design makes it possible to choose compromise solutions, taking into account the weight of each of the limitingfactors.
STUDY OF THE ORGANIZATION ADAPTIVITY RATE CORRELATION IN RELATION TO ITS INTERNAL INTEGRITY
Authors: Molokanova Valentina M. , Hordieieva Inna O.
Published: December 2020

The focus of modern project management is increasingly shifting from the management of individual projects to the management of strategic project-oriented development of organizations. Now there is a need to pay more attention to project management as a universal tool for the development of systems at any level. The aim of the article is to study the processes of organization adaptation to constant changesthrough a synergetic portfolio of projects based on a strategic plan for the development and evolution of the organization. The spiral movement of systems development for studying development processes is considered: the process of transition of an organization from one stable state to another, the process of radical changes that accompanies innovation, as well as the processes of growth and development of crisis phenomena. The methodological principles of the organization evolutionary development management through the implementation of portfolio using its methods and tools are considered. It is proposed to manage the organization evolutionary development by building actions in the form of a synergistic portfolio of appropriate projects content, in order to increase the value of the entire portfolio of projects over the value of individual projects. The synergetic portfolio of projects is seen as a tool for a harmonious transition to the desired evolutionary state, by preserving the internal integrity of the organization and ensuring its sustainability. A mathematical model for estimating the desired properties and relations of the organizational synergetic portfolio of projects is proposed, which allows to determine and minimize the magnitude of the evolutionary goals inconsistency and to stabilize the current state of organization.It is determined that the two main tasks of any organization -external adaptation and internal integration -constantly push the organization to evolutionary development. The article proposes the author's approach to managing the organization evolutionary development through a portfolio of projectsidentifies indicators of adaptation of the organization to changes in the environment, defines the conditions for maintaining the integrity of the organization in the process of organizational changes.
EL PAPEL DEL MOVIMIENTO OLÍMPICO EN LA PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: MESTRE Alexandre
Published: December 2020

La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) define los derechos humanos como «las garantías legales universales que protegen a las personas y los grupos contra acciones u omisiones de los gobiernos que interfieran con la dignidad humana». Sin embargo, el comportamiento de ciertas organizaciones deportivas, con cierta frecuencia vulneran estos derechos. El Movimiento Olímpico debe tener un papel en la promoción y la defensa de los derechos humanos. La Carta Olímpica es el único texto legal internacional del mundo que reconoce expresamente el deporte como derecho humano. La Agenda 2020 y las revisiones periódicas de la Carta Olímpica, muestran claramente el liderazgo del COI en la promoción y la defensa de los derechos humanos. Pero todavía hay mucho por hacer en el ámbito de la promoción, por parte del Movimiento Olímpico, del deporte y los derechos humanos. Teniendo en cuenta el prestigio del COI y los medios de los que dispone, así como su situación como miembro observador de las Naciones Unidas, podría ejercer su influencia, para enfrentar y solventar los abusos sufridos, por ejemplo, por niños deportistas que soportan cargas de entrenamiento demasiado intensivas o ante la discriminación racial en relación con el acceso y el proceso de las competiciones y en actos racistas cometidos por jugadores, deportistas y espectadores.
O que a Pandemia nos Pode Ensinar acerca da Avaliação Externa das Aprendizagens?
Authors: Miranda Nuno , Pereira Sónia
Published: December 2020

A tempos de pandemia obrigaram o sistema educativo português a mudar e assumir prioridades. Em particular, debateu-se o lugar das avaliações externas das aprendizagens (AEA). Esta investigação pretende conhecer quais são as narrativas de contexto (a educação em tempos de pandemia) dos agentes (representantes do estado, famílias, diretores, professores, alunos e academia), que posições tomam acerca da AEA e com que justificação. Dada a natureza das perguntas, inscreve-se no paradigma interpretativo, com abordagem mista e na modalidade de estudo de caso, com recurso à análise documental de registos públicos. Os resultados são discutidos pelo contraste com outros dados científicos e com as decisões políticas adotadas devido ao surto de Covid19. Sugerem que a AEA para acesso ao ensino superior ganha o estatuto de finalidade da aprendizagem e que isso contribui para dissonâncias importantes: os agentes assumem narrativas de promoção da equidade social e adotam medidas com potencial para a inquinar. Consideramos, a concluir, que outras decisões poderiam ter sido tomadas (apresentamos exemplos) e que o processo de mudança teria beneficiado de um período de reflexão orientado para a coerência entre necessidades, recursos e conhecimento.
Percepciones Docentes sobre los Efectos de la Brecha Digital en la Educación Básica durante el Covid -19
Authors: Montenegro Sofía , Raya Esther , Navaridas Fermín
Published: December 2020

El confinamiento en el hogar como consecuencia del Covid-19 ha dado lugar a un protagonismo especial a las TIC, revelándose como un factor clave para hacer efectivo el derecho a una educación básica de calidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar desde la perspectiva del profesorado el impacto de la brecha digital en el logro de los resultados de aprendizaje. El diseño metodológico es de carácter cuantitativo, utilizando la técnica de encuesta a una muestra de 252 docentes de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja (España). Los resultados indican que el cumplimiento de los objetivos académicos tiene relación directa con el acceso a las tecnologías y éste con el nivel adquisitivo de las familias. Si bien estos factores son importantes, no parecen resultar suficientes para comprender los efectos de la brecha digital en la educación en tiempos de pandemia. Para ello, es necesario considerarlos de forma interrelacionada junto a la acción compleja de otros factores como son las propias características del alumnado (grado de autonomía, motivación), la competencia digital de los agentes educativos implicados (alumnado, profesorado, familias) o las condiciones estructurales y organizativas de la Administración (actuación coordinada de las Consejerías con competencias en materia de Educación y Servicios Sociales).
Impact of Dialect on the Acquisition of Sounds and their Clusters: the Results of a Non-word Repetition Test
Authors: Krivickaitė-Leišienė Eglė
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to analyse and compare children’s acquisition of phonotactic patterns in two regional areas in Lithuania: Southern Samogitia and Western High Lithuania. The sample of the study consisted of 48 children: 24 children living in Kelmė (representing the Raseiniškiai subdialect of Southern Samogitian) and 24 children living in Kaunas area (representing the Kauniškiai subdialect of Western High Lithuanian). The data was collected using a non-word repetition test task in Lithuanian.In general, since in Lithuanian dialects vowels differ more than consonants, the pronunciation of vowels serves as one of the main criteria used to define dialects. The main dialect divisions are based on the variants of the stressed diphthongs uo and ie when they occur in the non-final position in a word. In the Samogitian subdialects, the vowels o and ė are pronounced as uo and ie (for example, kuoje [= koja] and dieti [= dėti]); the diphthongs uo and ie are pronounced as long vowels ū and ī.The results of the current research have disclosed that some features of the Raseiniškiai subdialect of Southern Samogitian prevail in children’s language. For example, instead of the vowel o, children employ uo: geluoša [= geloša], talabuosa [= staligosa]; instead of the vowel u, they opt for uo: lasmuove [= lasmuvi]; and instead of the vowel e, they tend to use ei: šveila [= švela].The results of the research also demonstrate that Lithuanian children apply the typical universal strategies of pronunciation simplification, mostly substitution and omission; other strategies, such as consonant assimilation, metathesis, sound migration to another syllable, and sound addition, were much less frequent.
Nesting of Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon (Temminck, 1823) in the South-East of Ukraine
Authors:   NNP «Meotyda», Bronskov O.  I. , Kuzhel K.  V. ,   Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Birds, Kuzhel V.  K. ,   Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Birds
Published: December 2020

The territory of Ukraine is located between the areas of two subspecies of Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon (Temminck, 1823) - A. m. melanopogon (Temminck, 1823) and A. m. albiventris (Kazakov, 1974). In the North-West Black Sea region, the nesting of the nominative subspecies has been proven, while the second one nests in the East Azov Sea region. By 2016, neither in the North Azov Sea region, nor in the South-East of Ukraine, this species was not observed. However, there are certain meetings of solitary birds in the adjacent regions during migrations on the Eastern Syvash on 21.10.2006 and westwards of the Don mouth on the Mius River bank on 05.09.2011. It was photographed for the first time on 24.04.2016 on the Shaitanka River near the Novodonetske village Velykonovosilkivskyi district of Donetsk region. Its nesting is reliably proven on 30.04.2020 on the Mokri Yaly River of the same region. On this river, there are plant communities with different proportions of common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrowleaf cattali (Typha angustifolia) grow in some places around open areas of the water area. It's on such sections of the river the Moustached Warbler males were observed. On a 600 m long section of the river, 3-4 males were observed. 2 males were caught, which were assigned to the subspecies of A. m. albiventris by color and measurements. On 19.05.2020 there were 5 eggs in one of the found nests. Egg sizes, mm: 18.0x13.0; 18.0x12.9; 16.9x12.9; 17.6x12.9; 17.9x12.9. The nest was located at a height of 250 mm above the water. Nest measurements, mm: D=85; d=50; H=53; h=43. It is suggested that in the South-East of Ukraine, birds appeared on nesting grounds due to the increase in the range of the subspecies in the north-west direction over the last 20 years due to climate warming. It is quite likely to find new localities of the Moustached Warblers on small rivers, large ponds or reservoirs in the southern part of Donetsk, eastern part of Zaporizhzhia or south – eastern part of Dnipropetrovsk regions.
Nesting of the Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) on the Utlyukskiy Liman (Zaporozhye region)
Authors:   Azov-Black Sea Interdepartmental Ornithological Station of Shmaihauzen Institute of Zoology and Melitopol State Prdagogical University named by Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Popenko V. M.
Published: December 2020

In the 70s of the XXth century, the nesting of the Eurasian spoonbill in Ukraine was known only in the lower reaches of the Danube and Dniester, and at the beginning of the XXIst century, it began to spread to the East and the Eurasian spoonbill began to nest on the Tiligulskiy Liman, Karkinit Bay, Western and Eastern Sivash. Since 2016, the Eurasian spoonbill has been observed during the breeding season in the upper reaches of the Utlyukskiy Liman and the estuarine areas of the Bolshoy and Maly Utlyuk Rivers. According to observations that were held in 2016-2020, first there were: a pair with unproven nesting (2016), then flocks of up to 17-26 individuals (2018-2019). In 2020, both individual pairs with nesting behavior and flocks were found near a mixed colony of the Gray heron and the Great egret. Finally, on 24.05.2020, the Eurasian spoonbill nests were found in this colony. Among the 8 nests, one contained 2 eggs and two chicks, four nests contained 4 eggs and the other three - 3 ones. Nests are located on the periphery of the heron colony on clump of reeds. The height of the nesting platforms is about 4-70 cm above the water level, the minimum distance between the nests is about 4 m. It is possible that the flock of 26 adult and young individuals, that was observed on 2.08.2018, consisted of local nesting birds. Thus, another nesting location was found in the South of Ukraine.
The obtaining of the anhydride products by oxidation of n-pentane on the VPO catalysts
Authors:   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zazhigalov V.O. , Kiziun O.V. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

It was investigated VPMeO catalysts (Me=Fe, Mo, Te, W, Ni, Ti, La, Bi, Zr і Ag) in oxidation of n-pentane. On these catalytic samples the main products of reaction are maleic (MA), phthalic (PhA), citraconic (CA) anhydrides, carbon oxides and in-significant quantity of acetic and of acrylic acids. It was established that a change of physical-chemical properties of the VPMeO catalysts affects a course of reaction of n-pentane oxidation. It was determined that the introduction of additives into the basic VPO composition and its content influences a phase composition, a morphol-ogy, acidic properties of catalyst surface, a crystallization temperature of active component and a oxidation degree of vanadium in it. It was established that addi-tives in the VPO sample may be distributed in two ways: a) evenly, high disperse (Fe, Te, Ni, Ag ions), b) with formation of X-ray amorphous additive phosphate phase (Ti, Bi, La, W, Zr ions). Additives that decrease temperature of the active phase formation of a catalyst and increase temperature of its oxidation (Fe, Ti, Bi, Zr ions) positively influence the life of exploitation of catalytic pattern without losing its se-lectivity in the n-pentane oxidation. Additives that reduce the O 1s-electrons energy and increase an oxygen content (O/(V+P+Me)) on the VPO composition surface en-hance the specific rate of the hydrocarbon oxidation. A growth of phosphorous con-tent on the surface of synthesized compositions also contributes to the increase of the time of their stable work. The influence of ratio of Bronsted and Lewis acid cen-ters on surface of the VPМеO pattern on a selectivity of anhydrides production was established. The growth of acidic centers content on the surface of patterns increas-es the CA selectivity. The rise of quantity of Lewis centers favors the PhA formation while the MA selectivity reduces in the reaction products. According to experimental data the modification of the VPO catalyst is affect its physical-chemical and cata-lytic properties. The change of defined physical-chemical properties allows to regu-late a process of the n-pentane oxidation in the direction of formation of one of the anhydrides.
Improving the quality of low octane hydrocarbon fractions under conditions of catalytic processing on aluminum-silicon catalysts
Authors:   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yevdokymenko V.O. , Khimach N.Y. , Tkachenko T.V. , Kamensky D.S. , Kashkovsky V.I. , Korotun O.B. ,   NIOM Ltd., Kyselov I.V. ,   State institution "Institute of environmental geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: December 2020

The main challenge today is to find new alternative energy sources. Reduction of oil, gas and coal production can be achieved through the rational use of biomass as a raw material for fuels and lubri-cants. Thermochemical treatment of biomass allows to obtain raw materials for a number of process-es, in particular the separation of hydrocarbon components and their catalytic treatment allows to ob-tain alternative components for motor fuels. The main advantage of using hydrocarbon fractions from biomass is that they are completely free of sulfur- or nitrogen-containing compounds that play the role of catalytic poisons. Catalytic studies were performed in a flow reactor at a charged catalyst volume of 30 cm3, a reac-tion zone temperature of 350 ± 5 °C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The feedstock was fed to the reaction zone using a pump at a constant rate of 1 h-1. The direction of supply of raw materials from top to bot-tom. In this work it is shown that industrial aluminosilicates are structural compounds (Cat.25, Cat.38, Cat.50, Cat.80) and show catalytic properties in the cracking process, which is reflected in the increase of octane number from 8 to 20 units. The higher their cracking activity, the more gaseous products are formed and the fractional composition changes in the direction of isomeric hydrocarbons, which is confirmed by gas chromatographic analysis. According to the amount of gas phase and the composi-tion of liquid products, it should be noted that the most active catalyst was the sample Cat.25. This effi-ciency is related to the chemical composition and methods of synthesis of the presented catalysts. The latter by their nature contain cations of aluminum (Al3+) and silicon (Si4+), which certainly affects the formation of Bronsted acid centers, which are responsible for the cracking process. In turn, catalysts of the type Cat.1 and Cat.2 with a significant content of aluminum and no catalytic effect can be charac-terized as a mechanical mixture of these basic oxides, and not an aluminosilicate matrix with a certain structure. Based on the obtained results, renewable biomass is a potential source for obtaining hydrocarbon fractions, which after catalytic treatment processes can serve as high-quality high-octane components of alternative fuels.
Antioxidant activity of polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
Authors:   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kamenieva T.M. , Tarasyuk O.P. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Derevianko K.Yu. , Aksenovska O.A. , Shybyryn O.V. , Metelytsia L.O. , Rogalsky S.P.
Published: December 2020

Cationic polymer polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-Cl) is promising biocide that combines a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, mod-erate toxicity, as well as reasonable cost. It is widely used as an effective disinfect-ant in cooling systems, swimming pools, and hospitals, personal hygiene products, etc. Recently PHMG-Cl was found to have pronounced anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties and therefore may be used for the treatment of chronic wounds and thermal burns. This may indicate the antioxidant activity of polymeric biocide. In this study, PHMG-Cl has been synthesized by melt polycondensation of guanidine hydrochloride and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The structure of the cati-onic polymer was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The viscosity-average molecular weight of PHMG-Cl was found to be 10700. The antioxidant activity of PHMG-Cl has been studied by using different methods. In the methylene blue (MB) dye test, the oxidation of MB by hydroxyl radicals generating in Fenton’s system was found to decrease in the presence of PHMG-Cl in a molar ratio to MB of 5:1 and 10:1 (by 26 % and 38 %, respectively). At the same time, complete dye oxidation was observed when guanidine hydrochloride was used instead of PHMG-Cl. The antioxidant activity of PHMG-Cl has also been studied in the model system of radical chain oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA). In this system, alkyl and peroxyl radicals are formed. The antioxidant activity was determined by a decrease of the initial rate of oxygen absorption during the initiated oxidation of BA. The introduc-tion of PHMG-Cl into the oxidized system in the concentrations ranged from 1.3·10-3 - 1.6·10-2 mol/l decreased the oxidation rate of BA by 4.5–88 %. This result demonstrates that PHMG-Cl effectively inhibits radical chain oxidation of BA. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of free radical de-activation by a polymer biocide.
Classification of means and methods of the Web semantic retrieval
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Rogushina J.V.
Published: December 2020

Problems associated with the improve ment of information retrieval for open environment are considered and the need for it’s semantization is grounded. Thecurrent state and prospects of development of semantic search engines that are focused on the Web information resources processing are analysed, the criteria for the classification of such systems are reviewed. In this analysis the significant attention is paid to the semantic search use of ontologies that contain knowledge about the subject area and the search users. The sources of ontological knowledge and methods of their processing for the improvement of the search procedures are considered. Examples of semantic search systems that use structured query languages (eg, SPARQL), lists of keywords and queries in natural language are proposed. Such criteria for the classification of semantic search engines like architecture, coupling, transparency, user context, modification requests, ontology structure, etc. are considered. Different ways of support of semantic and otology based modification of user queries that improve the completeness and accuracy of the search are analyzed. On base of analysis of the properties of existing semantic search engines in terms of these criteria, the areas for further improvement of these systems are selected: the development of metasearch systems, semantic modification of user requests, the determination of an user-acceptable transparency level of the search procedures, flexibility of domain knowledge management tools, increasing productivity and scalability. In addition, the development of means of semantic Web search needs in use of some external knowledge base which contains knowledge about the domain of user information needs, and in providing the users with the ability to independent selection of knowledge that is used in the search process. There is necessary to take into account the history of user interaction with the retrieval system and the search context for personalization of the query results and their ordering in accordance with the user information needs. All these aspects were taken into account in the design and implementation of semantic search engine "MAIPS" that is based on an ontological model of users and resources cooperation into the Web.
Method of parallelization of loops for grid calculation problems on GPU accelerators
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Doroshenko А.Yu. , Beketov O.G. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The formal parallelizing transformation of a nest of calculation loop for SIMD architecture devices, particularly for graphics processing units applying CUDA technology and heterogeneous clusters is developed. Procedure of transition from sequential to parallel algorithm is described and illustrated. Serialization of data is applied to optimize processing of large volumes of data. The advantage of the suggested method is its applicability for transformation of data which volumes exceed the memory of operating device. The experiment is conducted to demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach. Technique presented in the provides the basis for further practical implementation of the automated system for parallelizing of nested loops.
The architecture and functionality of the multi-agent system Navigation
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Yalovets A.L.
Published: December 2020

The features of the design, development and functioning of the multi-agent system Navigation are investigated. System architecture and substantiate the choice of language implementation of the system are provided. The functionality of the subsystems of multi-agent systems Navigation is analyzed in detail. The results of multi-agent modelling of pursuit/escape processes by means of the multi-agent system in different modes of its functioning are compared on meaningful example.
A Model to Control the Formation of Multi-Component Charge Portions on a Blast Furnace Conveyor
Authors:   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Rybalchenko M.O. , Selegej A.M. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Golovko V.I. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Selegej S.M. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Mirgorodskaya O.S. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Bell-less tops used in the charging area give significantly wider opportunities for regulating and distributing the charge material along the furnace top radius. Moreover, it becomes feasible to develop the methods for gas flow control and these methods shall differ from the conventional ones. One of such methods is introduction of multi-component portions of the charge with a technology based component ratio. Problem Statement. The bell-less top charging device is not designed for that type of portioning when the charge material mixing is accompanied with a simultaneous shift of one component with respect to other one for a certain set value, while charging. These portions can be formed with the use of computer-aided stock-conveying system, while discharging the material from weighing hoppers into the blast furnace conveyor. Purpose. This research aims at the development of the structure, the functioning algorithms and the mathematical model for the system to control the formation of multi-component mixed charge batches in order to increase the blast furnace productivity and to reduce the specific coke consumption. Materials and Methods. In this research, the methods of automatic control theory and artificial intellect for the synthesis of weight neuro-fuzzy controllers within the automatic control system of charge dosage have been used. The developed system designed to control multi-component charge portioning via PC has been tested by means of simulation modelling methods. Results. There has been developed an algorithm for operating the system for controlling the multi-component mixed charge preparation on the conveyor, given the arrangement of the specified components, their ratios in portions, total volumetric productivity of the conveyor, the variable geometry of the unloaded material, in the connection with the on-line information on the mixing process. The feasibility of the system has been verified by its simulation with the use of standard application tools. Conclusions. It has been established that the designed control system allows the formation of mixed portions of any composition defined by an operator at a given maximum output of the conveyor and prevents its overload in terms of mass or volume.
Modern Level of Research, Innovation, and Patent Activities in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Fesenko O.M. , Korskanov V.V. ,   Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Budnyk O.P. ,   Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Pogoretskii P.P. ,   Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and technical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovation in Ukraine is low, despite the strong R&D potential. Problem statement. The efficiency of innovations, trends in nanotechnology patenting, and the level of nanotechnology development in Ukraine are mainly determined by the qualifications of Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, preserving the R&D potential of Ukraine and preventing its outflow abroad are among the most pressing problems today. Purpose. To determine the role of R&D in the economy of Ukraine and the world, the level of publications of Ukrainian authors, the effectiveness, patent circulation, and prospects of innovations in Ukraine. To characterize the world market of nanotechnologies and the level of development of nanotechnologies in Ukraine and to provide a forecast of innovative development in Ukraine and the world. Materials and Methods. Statistical data of R&D potential of Ukraine, number of research works in Ukraine, materials on the quantitative and qualitative level of scholarly research publications of Ukrainian authors, patent circulation, the efficiency of innovations in Ukraine for the period 2010-2017, for forecasting of innovative development in Ukraine and the world on the coming decades. Results. The R&D potential of Ukraine, the current level of nanotechnology, innovation, and trends in their further development have been evaluated. The innovative development in Ukraine and the world until 2030 has been forecasted. Conclusions. Ukraine has a strong R&D potential, but the level of patent and innovation activity in Ukraine is low. Against the background of the integration of Ukrainian researchers into the world community, there is a significant increase in the number of joint scholarly research publications of Ukrainian researchers with foreign colleagues.
Lista comentada de Orchidaceae en Uruguay y su distribución en ambientes y eco-regiones
Authors: Marín Pérez Lucía , Pessoa Edlley M. , Alves Marccus
Published: December 2020

Orchidaceae es una de las familias botánicas más estudiadas desde el punto de vista taxonómico y económico en el mundo. En Uruguay es poco conocida y los datos descriptivos que existen se encuentran fragmentados y dispersos. En este trabajo se presenta un inventario de la familia así como su distribución en ambientes, eco-regiones y departamentos del país basados en los registros de herbarios, publicaciones existentes y expediciones de campo realizadas durante el 2018–2019. Se presenta una lista con 59 especies en 18 géneros. Se encontraron cuatro especies endémicas de Uruguay, mientras que 22 spp. son endémicas del Cono Sur. La Cuenca Sedimentaria Gondwánica fue la eco-región en presentar mayor diversidad de especies (51%) y los departamentos con mayor riqueza fueron Cerro Largo (25 spp.) y Maldonado (25 spp.). Mientras que el Bosques Serranos y Bosque Ribereño fueron los más ricos en especies de orquídeas. Los géneros más representativos fueron Habenaria (12 spp.), Cyclopogon (8 spp.) y Brachystele (6 spp.) y las especies que presentaron distribución amplia fue Habenaria gourlieana, H. parviflora, y Cyclopogon elatus, las cuales se encontraron en todas las eco-regiones y en 15 de los 19 departamentos del país.

Palabras clave: Cono Sur, Epidendroideae, Neotrópico, Orchidoideae, Sudamérica
SOME WORDS ABOUT FRACTURES OF RADIAL HEAD
Authors: SACCOMANNI BERNARDINO
Published: December 2020

A visible posterior fat pad on the lateral view of the elbow is a sign of occult intraarticular pathology.

Early elbow ROM is needed to prevent stiffness. If you fixed the fracture, but not well enough to move the elbow, you did not fix it.

The “safe zone” for placing hardware on the radial head lies in the interval between the radial styloid and Lister’s tubercle.

Examine the wrist when examining all elbow injuries; a radial head fracture may be accompanied by a tear of the interosseous membrane and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint.

The posterior interosseous nerve (controlling finger and wrist extension) can be damaged by a radial head injury or by the surgery performed to treat the fracture. Therefore, document functional status preoperatively. The severity of these injuries runs the gamut from minimally displaced fractures needing minimal treatment to those with major displacement or comminution, requiring surgical fixation, excision, or replacement.
Analisis Total Coliform di Air dan Sedimen di Pesisir Jabon, Sidoarjo Jawa Timur
Authors: Johanda Putra Joni , Kania Mardika Hanisya Putri , Oktavia Kusuma Rima , Dadiono Muh. Sulaiman , Setia Abadi Agung
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) menghitung Total Coliform air dan sedimen; (2)membandingkan data parameter fisika,kimia dan Total Coliform dengan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.51 Tahun 2004 Lampiran 2 dan 3; (3) mengetahui perbedaan Total Coliform air dan sedimen serta (4) mengelompokkan kesamaan data berdasarkan parameter lingkungan dan Total Coliform menggunakan clusterring analysis. Metode penghitungan Total Coliform menggunakan metode MPN dan uji coliform menggunakan metode tabung fermentasi ganda. Berdasarkan uji deteksi bakteri coliform, didapatkan Total Coliform air sebesar 21-70 MPN/100ml dan Total Coliform sedimen 110-9.000 MPN/100 ml. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pesisir Jabon mengalami penurunan kualitas lingkungan perairan laut berdasarkan bakteri coliform.
Nutrisi Brownies Tepung Buah Mangrove (Avicennia officinalis) dan Tepung Kacang Merah Sebagai Pangan Fungsional
Authors: Sumartini  , Sada Harahap Kurnia , Mujianti Apri
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi pangan fungsional yang terdapat pada tepung buah mangrove ditinjau dari nilai nutrisinya. Brownies coklat diproduksi dari variasi penggunaan tepung yang berbeda yaitu tepung buah mangrove (A), tepung kacang merah (B) dan kontrol (C) Brownies coklat yang telah diproduksi, selanjutnya diuji tingkat kesukaan panelis melalui uji hedonik, serta nilai nutrisinya meliputi nilai kalori, serat kasar, dan proksimat (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar abu, dan kadar karbohidrat). Metode yang digunakan adalah experimental design dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa brownies coklat yang terbuat dari tepung buah mangrove api-api paling disukai panelis, selain memiliki kalori dan kadar serat yang tinggi juga mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh seperti  nilai kadar air 18,32%, kadar lemak 21,7%, kadar protein 4,68%, kadar abu 1,44%, karbohidrat 54,64%, kadar serat 16,49% dan nilai kalori  401,64 kkal. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah  Brownies  tepung buah mangrove dan tepung kacang merah memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap penilaian hedonik warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa. Kandungan gizi pada brownies dengan bahan baku tepung buah mangrove dan tepung kacang merah memiliki nilai gizi dan proksimat yang lebih unggul dibandingkan brownies kontrol (tepung terigu).
Pengaruh Suhu daPengaruh Suhu dan Kedalaman Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Yellowfin Tuna di Perairan Samudera Indonesia Selatan Pulau Jawa n Kedalaman Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Tuna Long Line di Perairan Samudera Indonesia, Selatan Pulau Jawa
Authors: Sutono HS Dian , Suharyanto Suharyanto , Perangin-angin Robert , Wera Agung Ferdinand , Mustasim Mustasim
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PPS. Cilacap dengan daerah penangkapan Samudera Indonesia pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2020 yang bertujuan untuk menmgetahui pengaruh suhu air laut dan kedlaman pancing terhadap hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung mengikuti operasi penangkapan long line selama 1 (satu) trip dengan KM. Trans Bahari 3, meliputi data waktu setting dan hauling, panjang main line, jumlah pancing, hasil tangkapan, daerah penangkapan (fishing ground), serta data suhu dan kedalaman perairan. Sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan melalui wawancara dan data Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai hook rate, kedalaman mata pancing, serta pengaruh suhu dan kedalaman pancing terhadap hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna melalui metode uji t. Dari hasil Analisa data diperoleh nilai total hook rate sebesar 1,33, kedalaman mata pancing berada antara 90,2 m – 181,4 m, dengan kisaran suhu vertikal antara 12,5⁰ C – 25,0⁰ C. Pengaruh suhu dan kedalaman terhadap hasil tangkapan yellow tuna berpengaruh nyata (significant) antara kedalaman A dengan C, sedangkan antara kedalaman A dengan B, dan kedalaman B dengan C masing-masing tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (non significant).
“A Pole of Differentiation”: Pasts and Futures in Irish Working-Class Writing
Authors: Pierse Michael
Published: December 2020

The chapter outlines the current state of play in the scholarly study of Irish working-class writing. It explores issues with regard to the historiography of the Irish working class, analyses its diasporic and colonial contexts, and provides a brief introduction to Irish working-class writing over the past three centuries and its study in the academy. The chapter also suggests some of the prominent themes across this literature, which suggest points of commonality (as well as contrast) with working-class writing in other international contexts.
Fürdő – kórház – fogadó: Buda déli „határnegyede” a 18. században
Authors: Simon Katalin
Published: December 2020

This study aims to demonstrate sanitary aspects of the outskirts of Buda on the southern Gellért Hillside, which separated itself markedly from the city centre in the 18th century. This area, by its separation, was a proper place for establishing temporary hospitals during the two major plague epidemics of the century (1709–1710 and 1738–1740). Similarly, the small nearby island of Danube used earlier as a meadow, served as a place for separation of patients at the same time. The name of the two contemporary hospitals, the plague cemetery and the chapel founded in memoriam of the plague victims commemorate the raving pestilence. On the other hand, the area played a key role in bathing culture by the so-called ’Muddy Bath’ (Sáros fürdő, Blockbad, the predecessor of today’s Gellért Bath). Close to the bath, popular among soldiers, there was founded a garrison branch hospital at the end of the century, as a result of which the area was gradually transformed into a military-sanitary centre in the 19th century.
Hogyan készült a Habsburg-birodalom 1770-ik évi Egészségügyi Főszabályzatának magyar változata?
Authors: Balázs Péter
Published: December 2020

The General Public Health Law (Hauptsanitätsnormativ) as a codified summary of preceding two decades legislation of the 18th century was enacted by Maria Theresa in the Habsburg imperial capital Vienna January 2, 1770. Since in the Hungarian Kingdom all imperial legislation became effective only by the concerning decree of the Royal Governor’s Council, there started a long procedure of application between Vienna and Pozsony (Presburg) the then 109capital of Hungary. Documents of this procedure are available among the scriptures of Royal Governor’s Council in the Central Institute of National Archives of Hungary. The Latin (than official language) version of General Public Health Law titled as Generale Normativum in Re Sanitatis differed necessarily from the original context as a result of specialities of the Hungarian state and local administration. Regarding medical services, because there was no operating medical faculty in the single domestic university, the Hungarian part had a week bargaining position thus the imperial health policy advisors neglected easily all its propositions. Nevertheless, the Governor’s Council tried to analyse critically the rules for medical professionals’ (physicians, surgeons and midwives) services. The present study concerns the one year period of Hungarian legal application based on official letters, commission’s minutes and professional opinions by critical pondering of the dedicated scriptures.
A legrégibb hazai orvosi és orvosbotanikai nyomtatványok és kéziratos munkák
Authors: Gazda István
Published: December 2020

We endeavour to provide a comprehensive summary of the medical and phytomedicinal printed materials and manuscripts written in Hungary between 1530 and 1711. Languages used were German, Latin and Hungarian. Topics focused primarily on preventing bubonic plague proliferation and presenting the therapeutic effects of medicinal herbs. In this study, we also refer to the main topics of phytomedicine horticulture.
60 éve kezdődött a nanokutatás, textilipari vonatkozások
Authors: Kutasi Csaba
Published: December 2020

The field of nanotechnology is represented by sizes between 0.001–0.1 μm (μm = 10−6m) (the diameter of a human hair is about 80 μm, 200 times thicker than an average nanofiber). Illustrating the prefix nano: human nail grows an average of 1 nanometre in 1 second, light needs 1 nanosecond to travel 30 centimetres in the air, 1 nanosecond is the cycle time of a 1 GHz processor. Nanotechnology deals with the manipulation of substances (with at least one dimension sized between 1-100 nanometres in the atomic-, molecular- or supramolecular range). If a technology - even in the textile industry – uses materials containing nanoparticles, it is only an innovative process using nanomaterials.
A Nutricia alapításától napjainkig, betekintés az enterális szondatáplálás történetébe
Authors: Kovács Andrea
Published: December 2020

In the se of diseases, the human body needs increasingly the right amount and quality of nutrients. Some conditions worsen the absorption of fluids and oral nutrients. In this situation, there is a need for temporary or long-term enteral tube feeding, the origins of which can be traced back to the antiquity. In the past, attempts endeavoured to replace oral feeding with contemporary tools and solutions to ensure that the patient received adequate amounts of food. These methods were not always 'patient-friendly', and in many cases, patients had to be forced to drainage and tolerating the tube. Devices and probes of that time were made of rudimentary materials or hard-walled, rigid tubes, thus it was understandable that the patients rejected them. Later attempts were made to perform enteral nutrition therapy, tube feeding while using nasogastric tube passed through the nose into the stomach and a nasojejunal tube passed through the nose into the small intestine. With scientific development, probe feeding became generally accepted and with its technical environment provides safely the patients with necessary amount and quality of nutrients, improves their quality of life and turns the outcome of their disease in the right direction. The Nutricia Home Care Service assists the tube-fed patient in providing adequate nutrition therapy in their habitat. The Nutricia Care Line provides an opportunity for patients, their families, and health care professionals to ask questions and get answers to nutrition therapy. As a market-leading company, Nutricia works day-by-day to provide patients with optimal nutritional therapy adjusted to their condition and concerns pre-eminently the enteral tube feeding.
A művi lélegeztetés történeti vázlata
Authors: Molnár F. Tamás
Published: December 2020

Insufflation and arteficial aeration of the lungs are referenced in biblical times. Pneuma in its double meaning as air(oxygen) and soul have been inseparable since then. Induced and obstacle-free positive and negative intrapulmonary air flow challenged generations of surgeons from the late 19th century. Following a transient dominance of the extrathoracic negative pressure approach (Sauerbruch’s negative pressure concept) the transtracheal intrapulmonary alternating positive pressure concept won. Medical engineering played a decisive role in developing positive pressure machines. Till the 1950s ventilation and anaesthesia machines were combined and longterm arteficial ventilation was unavailable. The volume regulated Engström ventilator introduced in the 1952-3 polio epidemic was the game changer followed by other concepts, pressure ventilation included. Negative pressure chamber ventilation (iron lung and cuirass) saw a renaissance in the 1950s only to be replaced by intratratcheal ventilation by the end of the decade. Invasive ventilation became the norm till just recently when noninvasive breath support saw the second renaissance. COVID-19, a medico-political pandemic 2019-20 posed a new challenge to the intensive therapist, necessitating the review and maybe resuscitation of bygone philosophies and methods.
A járványos gyermekbénulás elleni vakcina a politikai és szakmai harc hálójában
Authors: Forrai Judit
Published: December 2020

The discovery of the polio pathogen and the development of eradication procedures represented a giant step in the man’s history. They demonstrated clearly the diversity of scientific approaches. Infectious diseases of poliovirus like other ones follow an ever-changing pattern. Examined in the global context, these changes burdened society from the very beginning. The invention of any vaccine did not result in peace of mind, because not only its quality but the effect of variable conditions must have been constantly monitored due to the changing patterns of viruses. Polio or poliomyelitis causes paralysis and death. Its history goes back to the prehistoric times thus the first evidence was found in the era of the 18th Dynasty in Egypt BC cc 400-1365 cut in stone. Although major polio epidemics were unknown before the 20th century, minor and sporadic endemics were always emerging. But after the turn of the century in the 1900s major epidemics started in North America and Europe at the same time, instigating intensive research in a number of laboratories using different methodological approaches. First, the pathogen was identified and then the vaccine developed. Finally remained 2 different vaccines on the market. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was the first one administered at the beginnings after the discovery by Salk, changed later by the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in many countries. Political, health policy and mainly economic struggle were launched in the production of vaccines. This study presents the historical and political background that characterized and characterizes a pandemic. Back in the Cold War era, we demonstrate the business-economic-political-institutional background of the worldwide vaccine production, without neglecting the researchers’ individual competition and envy especially through highlighting the background of the Nobel Prize struggle.