bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGAWASAN DAN PENGELOLAAN RETRIBUSI PARKIR OLEH DINAS PERHUBUNGAN BENER MERIAH PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Basri Hasan
Published: July 2021

Pencapaian pelayanan, pelaksanaan pembangunan efektif dan efesien, daerah harus secara kreatif mampu menciptakan dan mendorong meningkatakan sumber pendapatan asli daerah yang potensial adalah jasa perparkiran, menjadi salah satu pendapatan asli daerah. Pengawasan, pengelolaan menetapkan, siapa yang melakukan, bagaimana Standar Operasional Prosedur untuk melakukan kontrol, berapa besar anggaran, peralatan yang diperlukan dan jadwal pelaksanaan pengawasan. Metode menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data yang berbentuk kata maupun kalimat dengan mencoba berpikir Kritis terhadap situasi, fenomena sosial yang tergambar relevan dengan masalah yang dikaji, diarahkan pada roses pelaksanaan tugas dan memecahkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan Pengawasan Pengelolaan Retribusi parkir. Pengawasan pengelolaan retribusi parkir oleh dinas perhubungan pada objek Retribusi Parkir ditepi jalan umum, belum optimal, di karena masih terdapat masalah dalam Pengelolaan kegiatan Retribusi Parkir ditepi jalan umum dan kebocoran hasil Retribusi sehingga target Pendapatan setiap tahun tidak tercapai, dan masih terdapat pembukaan lahan parkir yang tidak mau bekerja sama dengan pihak ketiga. Pengawasan akan mendukung dalam meminimalisir Penyimpangan dari tujuan Kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Pengawasan Pengelolaan Retribusi Perlu dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan dikelola dengan baik sehingga berkontribusi terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Pengawasan yang di lakukan belum bptimal dikarenakan Jumlah pengawas yang masih minim, belum adanya petunjuk pelaksanaan dan petunjuk teknis pengawasan.
Empowerment of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Through Social Networks in Coastal Area of Surabaya City
Authors: Raharja Wildan Taufik
Published: July 2021

This research aims to examine social networks that can be accessed by SMEs. Capital has an important role in empowering SMEs in the Coastal Areas of Surabaya City. Some previous studies have shown that empowerment of SMEs is only seen from an economic perspective, such as product marketing, product design, and the role of SMEs in local economic growth. In this study it looks for social networks (stakeholders) with an important role in empowering SMEs and can be accessed by SMEs. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study research strategy. The method of finding data uses in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation.  There are 7 informants from SMEs owners, SMEs associations, government, and private institutions. Data analysis begins with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and making conclusions / verification. The results of this study showed 5 social network stakeholders that can be accessed by SMEs, namely SMEs, SMEs Associations, Government, Banks, and Private.  The government is the most important institution in developing SMEs. While the limitation of this research is that it has not been able to see further the role of stakeholders that can be accessed by SMEs. Further research can examine the role of stakeholders in SMEs empowerment social networks
Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne Kayıtlı Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Seviyesi ve İlişkili Faktörler
Authors: Ilgaz Ayşegül
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne kayıtlı bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesinin ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı tasarımdaki bu çalışma, bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne başvuran 320 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, kişisel bilgi formu ve Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32 ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %33.8’i yetersiz ve %42.2’si sorunlu/sınırlı sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesindedir. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32’nin tedavi ve hizmet boyutunda katılımcıların %58.7’si, hastalıklardan korunma/sağlığın geliştirilmesi boyutunda %90.0’ı yetersiz ve sınırlı/sorunlu sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesindedir. İleri yaşta, kadın cinsiyette, eğitim seviyesi ilkokul ve altı olan, çalışmayan ve çocuk sayısı fazla olan (3 ve üzeri), sağlık algısı kötü ya da fena değil olan, yaşanılan yerin büyük çoğunluğu köy/kasaba olan katılımcıların sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi anlamlı bir şekilde düşük bulunmuştur (p<.05). Lojistik regresyon analizinde, eğitim seviyesi ilkokul ve altı olanların sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi 7.4 kat, cinsiyeti kadın olanların 5.9 kat ve çocuk sayısı fazla olanların 3.5 kat düşük bulunmuştur (p<.05).
Sonuç: Katılımcıların sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyeleri yetersiz olup bu seviyeyi artırmaya yönelik multidisipliner ekip işbirliği ile girişimlerin yapılması gerekmektedir.
Ebeveynlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Çocukluk Dönemi Aşılarına Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışlarıyla İlişkisi
Authors: Ertuğrul Bekir , Albayrak Sevil
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Araştırma, ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin çocukluk dönemi aşılarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarıyla ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan araştırma Kırıkkale ili merkez ilçesinde 0-12 aylık yaş grubunda çocuğu olan 279 ebeveynle yürütüldü. Örnekleminde lot kalite tekniği kullanıldı. Yazılı izin ve etik kurul onayı alındı. Araştırmanın verileri Tanımlayıcı Soru Formu ve Avrupa Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması kullanılarak öz-bildirime dayalı toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin ortanca yaşının 30 (25-34) olduğu, annelerin %45.1'inin, babaların %47.4'ünün üniversite ve sonrası eğitim düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık puan ortalamasının 30.57±8.30 olduğu, %62.8'inin genel sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin yetersiz ve sorunlu-sınırlı olduğu belirlendi. Ölçek puan ortalaması ile anne-baba olma durumu ve en uzun yaşanan yer arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Ebeveynlerin %98.6'sının çocuklarına aşı yaptırdığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin çocukluk dönemi aşılarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarıyla ilişkisi olmadığı belirlendi.
MEKANISME HUKUM PERDAGANGAN DALAM MATA ISLAM
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad
Published: July 2021

perdagangan adalah suatu proses pertukaran harta atas dasar saling rela atau memindahkan atau menukarkan hak milik kepada orang lain dibenarkan oleh syara'. Namun seperti kita lihat dalam perdagangan yang terjadi dimasyarakat masih banyak sekali oknum oknum yang menyalahi atau melenceng dari hukum islam atau tidak sesuai dengan syariat islam. Mekanisme perdagangan dapat dikatakan tidak ada masalah jika proses transaksi jual-beli dapat berlangsung secara adil (fair), akan tetapi terdapat distorsi pasar akan menyebabkan ada pihak-pihak yang terzalimi dan ada pihak-pihak yang menzalimi. Perilaku ini biasa dikenal dengan istilah monopoli pasar, yaitu jika ada pihak tertentu yang ingin menguasai dan mengendalikan perdagangan yang ada di pasar, oleh karena itu kita harus melakukan perubahan dan kerja sama antara masyarakat dan pemerintah.. Dalam islam menentukan harga itu tidak di perbolehkan karena penetapan harga dilakukan oleh kekuatan pasar, yaitu permintaan dan penawaran. Dengan ini perdagangan islam dimana pelaku pasar harus menjalankan dan menjaga nilai nilai islam agar terbebas yang dilarang oleh Allah.
EKSISTENSI AKAD DALAM TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Farida Puspa
Published: July 2021

Sistem ekonomi dan keuangan Syariah telah diperkenalkan lebih dari dua dekade lamanya di Indonesia. Saat ini, sistem tersebut telah mencapai perkembangan yang luarbiasa. Karena itu, penting kiranya mengkaji prinsip-prinsip, jenis-jenis, dan pelaksanaan akad dari perspektif hukum yang khas ini. Akad adalah ikatan ijab dan kabul yang sesuai dengan hukum syariat yang akibat menimbulkan akibat hukum bagi objek akad .Bahwa dalam islam terdapat kebebasan untuk melakukan akad dengan menentukan segenap syarat dan bentuk akad yang diinginkan oleh para pihak, aasalkan akad tersebut dilakukan secara sukarela serta tidak termasuk dalam larangan syariat. Atas dasar tersebut, inti akad yangdilakukan dalam Islam adalah untuk terciptanya kemaslahatan bagi, para pihak yang melakukan perjanjian untuk sebuah transaksi keuangan syariah.
Hukum Permodalan Dalam Islam
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: July 2021

Penjelasan tentang hukum permodalan yang ditetapkan Islam dalam Ekonomi Syariah
Kepemilikan dalam ekonomi islam
Authors: rusdin Zahra amaliyah
Published: July 2021

Abstrak secara menyeluruh
La judicialización de la política de la salud en México: ¿Cuál es el papel de los jueces ante la pandemia COVID19?
Authors: Garcia-Tejeda Enrique , Torres Daniel
Published: July 2021

Las resoluciones de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación sobre el alcance del principio de relatividad y la protección ante la inacción de las autoridades administrativas han aumentado el margen de incidencia de los jueces constitucionales en las políticas públicas. Este papel de los jueces es relevante para los estudios de derecho y de políticas públicas.Este artículo identifica y analiza tres casos de jueces federales que ordenan medidas de protección a la salud, el suministro de agua potable y un ingreso mínimo vital de marzo a agosto de 2020. Hallamos que a pesar de los criterios de la Suprema Corte, posiblemente los jueces no participan en el diseño de políticas públicas durante la pandemia y su papel se reduce a la reafirmación de valores sociales.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. BANK SULSELBAR CABANG MAKASSAR
Authors: Palino Rosalinda
Published: July 2021

Peranan bank sebagai agen pembangunan yaitu sebagai lembaga yang bertujuan mendukung pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional, mempunyai kegiatan utama yaitu menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana. Dalam hal ini laba dapat digunakan sebagai ukuran dari prestasi yang dicapai dalam suatu perusahaan. Kesehatan suatu bank merupakan modal utama bagi bank karena jika bank tersebut dikatakan sehat maka masyarakat akan percaya pada bank tersebut dan kemudian masyarakat mau untuk menyimpan uang di bank tersebut. Selain hal tersebut, bank yang memiliki kesehatan yang baik dapat menyalurkan dana dari masyarakat kepada masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis kinerja keuangan PT. Bank Sulselbar cabang Makassar apakah dalam keadaan sehat. Sumber data yang diperoleh melalui survey langsung ke lokasi ang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas serta dokumen-dokumen sebagai bukti pendukung.
ath htn kasus rajiua.
Authors: najibah Athiya
Published: July 2021

KabupateninimengambilperhatianmasyarakatdikarenakanpilkadapemilihanbupatiyangterpilihmerupakankewarganegaraanlainbukandariIndonesia,bapak(OrientRiwukore)terpilihmenjadibupatidikabupatensaburaijuatetapipelantikannyatertundaduakalidikarenakankewarganegaraannyayangdiragukan.MengacupadaUUNomor12tahun2006,Indonesiamenganutasaskewarganegaraantunggal.SehinggakasusinimenjadikasusyangseriusdikalanganpemerintahaanIndonesia.selainitu,mengacupadapasal7ayat(1)UUNomor10tahun2016berkaitanpersyaratanpencalonanbupatidanwakilbupatimengharuskanberstatusWNI(wargaNegaraIndonesia).SehinggapengcalonanOrientRiwuKewutidakdapatditerima.MK(MahkamahKonstitusi)menganggapOrientRiwukoretidakjujurterhadapstatuskewarganegaraanselamaini.
Jurnal htn andi muhammad salsabil
Authors: Salsabil Andi Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Status kewarganegaraan ganda Bupati terpilih Orient Patriot Riwu Kore menarik perhatian banyak pihak karena diketahui memiliki paspor Amerika Serikat (AS) dan pada saat yang sama juga masih tercatat sebagai warga negara Indonesia (WNI). Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana status kewarganegaraan ganda Orient sebagai bupati terpilih NTT dari perspektif yuridis. Hasil pembahasan menyimpulkan, status kewarganegaraan ganda yang dimiliki Orient Patriot Riwu Kore bertentangan dengan Pasal 6 ayat (1) UU Kewarganegaraan, karena Indonesia tidak menganut sistem kewarganegaraan ganda. Kewarganegaraan ganda terbatas hanya untuk anak sampai berusia 18 tahun atau sudah menikah. Akibat hukum status kewarganegaraan ganda yang dimiliki Orient adalah yang bersangkutan akan kehilangan kewarganegaraan. Untuk itu, DPR RI perlu mendorong Pemerintah untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap aturan-aturan dalam Pilkada dan sistem administrasi data kependudukan agar ke depan kasus seperti ini tidak terulang lagi. Kewarganegaraan ganda adalah status yang diberikan kepada seseorang yang merupakan warga negara yang sah secara hukum di beberapa negara. Kewarganegaraan atau kebangsaan adalah perolehan dan pelepasan status pribadi yang diatur oleh hukum nasional dan hukum internasional. Tatanan hukum nasional menjadikan status kewarganegaraan ini sebagai syarat hak dan kewajiban tertentu.Indonesia memiliki sistem hukum perdata Internasional peninggalan Belanda.Indonesia menganut asas kesesuaian status pribadi yang tercantum dalam Algeme Bepalingen Pasal 16 (AB). Status pribadi adalah suatu keadaan yang menunjukkan hubungan antara fakta-fakta mengenai orang yang bersangkutan dengan sistem hukum yang berlaku.
PENGARUH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PENDANAAN EKSTERNAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Manta Wahyuni
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh antara penghidaran pajak dan pertumbuhan laba terhadap pendanaan eksternal pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2017 - 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pendekatan assosiatif. Jenis data dalam penelitan ini adalah Kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan, analisis Regresi Linier Berganda
PROBLEMA BIDANG PERTANIAN
Authors: Resky A.Sry Aska
Published: July 2021

Penduduk Indonesia masih menggantungkan hidupnya dari usaha disektor pertanian.Sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia masih tinggal di perdesaan dan bekerja sebagai petani,baik sebagai petani pemilik tanah pertanian maupun sebagai penggarap tanah atau buruhtani. Namun sayangnya kebanyakan petani Indonesia adalah petani yang tidak mempunyaitanah. Kalaupun mempunyai tanah pada umumnya hanya memiliki atau menguasai tanahyang sangat sempit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak mempunyai tanah pertanian. Seyogyanyaketika seseorang mempunyai mata pencaharian sebagai petani, maka idealnya petanidimaksud mempunyai lahan pertanian yang luasnya cukup memadai. Sebab dari usaha taniitulah seorang petani akan memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya, seperti kebutuhan sandang,pangan, papan, termasuk untuk biaya pendidikan anak-anaknya. Dengan luasan lahanpertanian yang memadai maka dapat mengangkat status sosial yang akan mensejajarkanpekerjaan petani dengan profesi yang lainnya, seperti Pegawai Negeri, pengusaha, dan lainlain, yang pada akhirnya pemerataan kesejahteraan antar sektor dan antar profesi akan dapatterwujud. kenyataannya, komoditas pertanian tidak pernah menjadi penyangga utama dariperekonomian Indonesia. Sektor pertanian juga tidak pernah menempatkan produkpertaniannya sebagai primadona komoditas ekonomi diIndonesia. Nasib para petani diIndonesia tidak semakin sejahtera, bahkan sebaliknya semakin lama semakin terpuruk.karena Penguasaan lahan pertaniannya semakin menyempit, bahkan tidak sedikit yangakhirnya kehilangan kepemilikan lahan pertanian dan berubah menjadi buruh tani.
Pasar modal syariah
Authors: Ap Fitriani putri
Published: July 2021

Memahami fungsi dari pasar modal
ELFIRA NUR FAISHA -253 (JURNAL)
Authors: FAISHA ELFIRA NUR
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui putusan mahkamah konstitusi pendiskualifikasian bupati Sabu Raijua terpilih ORIENT RIWU KORE. Dari hasil pengumpulan data dan keterangan dari berbagai pihak, Orient masih terbukti berstatus sebagai warga negara Amerika Serikat (AS). Hal itu diputuskan dalam pembacaan sidang putusan perkara 135/ PHP.BUP-XIX/2021 yang dilayangkan oleh pasangan calon nomor urut tiga Taken Irianto Radja Pono dan Herman Hegi Rdja Haba dalam pilkada Sabu Raijua. Berdasarkan bukti yang dikumpulkan, Mahkamah Konstitusi mengatakan status Orient sejak 2007 adalah warga negara Amerika Serikat (AS). Hal itu dibuktikan dengan kepemilikan paspor Amerika Serikat.Jika mengacu pada undang-undang Nomor 12 tahun 2006, indonesia menganut asaskewarganegaraan tunggal. Sehingga saat Orient mempunyai paspor Amerika Serikat, saat itu secara otomatis status Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) tidak berlaku.Selain itu mengacu pada pasal 7 ayat (1) UU Nomor 10 tahun 2016 terkait persyaratan pencalonan bupati dan wakil bupati mengharuskan berstatus Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI). Sehingga pencalonan Orient tidak dapat diterima. Mahkamah Konstitusi juga mengatakan gugurnya Orient tidak otomatis pasangan bupati dan wakil bupati yang mendapat perolehan suara terbanyak kedua menang. Mahkamah Konstitusi menjelaskan KPU harus menggelar pilkada ulang dengan diikuti dua calon dalam batas waktu yang ditetapkan. Tetapi dalam putusan akhir orient riwu keru terbukti sebagai warga indonesia asli yang pernah bekerja di amerika serikat.
Pasar modal syariah
Authors: Ap Fitriani putri
Published: July 2021

fungsi pasar modal dalam perekonomian
Impact of igneous intrusion and associated ground deformation on the stratigraphic record
Authors: Dobb Emilia , Magee Craig , Jackson Chris , Lathrop Bailey , Kopping Jonas
Published: July 2021

The geomorphology and sediment systems of volcanic areas can be influenced by uplift (forced folding) related to subsurface migration and accumulation of magma. Seismic geomorphological analysis presents a unique tool to study how surface morphology and subsurface magma dynamics relate, given seismic reflection data can image buried landscapes and underlying intrusions in 3D at resolutions of only a few metres-to-decametres. However, differential compaction of the sedimentary sequence above incompressible igneous intrusions during burial modifies palaeosurface morphology. Here we use 3D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia to explore how the stratigraphic record of igneous intrusion and associated ground deformation can be unravelled. We focus on a forced fold that formed in the Early Cretaceous to accommodate intrusion of magma, but which was later amplified by burial-related differential compaction of the host sedimentary sequence. We show how: (1) marine channels and clinoforms may be deflected by syn-depositional intrusion-induced forced folds; and (2) differential compaction can locally change clinoform depth post-deposition, potentially leading to erroneous interpretation of shoreline trajectories. Our results demonstrate seismic geomorphological analysis can help us better understand how magma emplacement translates into ground deformation, and how this shapes the landform of volcanic regions.
Carbonate polymorphism controlled by microbial iron redox dynamics at a natural CO2 leakage site (Crystal Geyser, Utah)
Authors: Cosmidis Julie , O'Reilly Shane , Ellison Eric , Crispin Katherine , Diercks David , Templeton Alexis
Published: July 2021

Crystal Geyser (Utah, USA) is a CO2-rich low-temperature geyser that is studied as a natural analog for CO2 leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) sites. In order to better constrain the biogeochemical processes influencing CaCO3 precipitation at geological CO2 escape sites, we characterized fast-forming iron-rich calcium carbonate pisoids and travertines precipitating from the fluids expelled by the geyser. The pisoids, located within a few meters from the vent, are composed of concentric layers of aragonite and calcite. Calcite layers contain abundant ferrihydrite shrubs in which iron is encasing bacterial forms. The aragonite layers contain less abundant and finely dispersed iron, present either as iron-oxide microspherules or iron adsorbed to organic matter dispersed within the carbonate matrix. We propose that carbonate polymorphism in the pisoids is mostly controlled by local fluctuations of the iron redox state of the fluids from which they form, caused by episodic blooms of iron-oxidizing bacteria. Indeed, the waters expelled by Crystal Geyser contain >200 µM dissolved iron (Fe2+), a known inhibitor of calcite growth. The calcite layers of the pisoids may record episodes of intense microbial iron oxidation, consistent with observations of iron-oxide rich biofilms thriving in the rimstone pools around the geyser and previous metagenomic analyses showing abundant neutrophilic, microaerophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria in vent water. In turn, aragonite layers of the pisoids likely precipitate from Fe2+-rich waters, registering periods of less intense iron oxidation. Separately, CaCO3 polymorphism in the travertines, where calcite and aragonite precipitate concurrently, is not controlled by iron dynamics, but may be locally influenced by the presence of microbial biofilms. This study documents for the first time an influence of microbial iron oxidation on CaCO3 polymorphism in the environment, and informs our understanding of carbonate formation at CO2 leakage sites and in CCS contexts.
Multi-level meta-analysis of single-case experimental designs using robust variance estimation
Authors: Chen Man , Pustejovsky James E
Published: July 2021

Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are used to study the effects of interventions on the behavior of individual cases, by making comparisons between repeated measurements of an outcome under different conditions. In research areas where SCEDs are prevalent, there is a need for methods to synthesize results across multiple studies. One approach to synthesis uses a multi-level meta-analysis (MLMA) model to describe the distribution of effect sizes across studies and across cases within studies. However, MLMA relies on having accurate sampling variances of effect size estimates for each case, which may not be possible due to auto-correlation in the raw data series. One possible solution is to combine MLMA with robust variance estimation (RVE), which provides valid assessments of uncertainty even if the sampling variances of effect size estimates are inaccurate. Another possible solution is to forgo MLMA and use simpler, ordinary least squares (OLS) methods with RVE. This study evaluates the performance of effect size estimators and methods of synthesizing SCEDs in the presence of auto-correlation, for several different effect size metrics, via a Monte Carlo simulation designed to emulate the features of real data series. Results demonstrate that the MLMA model with RVE performs properly in terms of bias, accuracy, and confidence interval coverage for estimating overall average log response ratios. The OLS estimator corrected with RVE performs the best in estimating overall average Tau effect sizes. None of the available methods perform adequately for meta-analysis of within-case standardized mean differences.
Unsettling Languages, Unruly Bodyminds: Imaging a Crip Linguistics
Authors: Henner Jon , Robinson Octavian
Published: July 2021

People use languages in different ways. Some people use language to help find other people like them. Many people use language in specific ways because of how their body and mind work. Sometimes a person’s environment and material conditions forces them to use language in a certain way. However, when someone languages outside of what people think is normal, others can think that they are bad with language or are not as smart or are broken. We are trying to point out that no one is actually ‘bad with language.’ Our goal with this paper is to help people understand that no language is bad. It is okay to want to change your own language use if it will make you feel better. But no one should make you feel bad about your language. We need a bigger and more flexible understanding of what language is and what it communicates about a bodymind’s capacity.
Age differences in foraging and executive functions: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Inga María , Gestsdóttir Steinunn , Kristjansson Arni
Published: July 2021

Visual foraging tasks require participants to search for multiple targets among numerous distractors. Foraging paradigms enable insights into the function of visual attention above what has been learned from traditional single-target search paradigms. These include attentional orienting over time and search strategies involving target selection from different target types. To date, only a handful of studies have been conducted on the development of foraging abilities. Here, the foraging of five age groups—children aged 6, 9, 12, and 15 years and adults—was measured, as was their performance on various tasks assessing four subdomains of executive functions: inhibition, attentional flexibility, working memory, and problem solving. Executive functions consist of a complex network of independent but interconnected cognitive processes that regulate action-orienting and goal-directed behavior and have been shown to be connected to visual attention and attentional orienting. Our results show that foraging abilities improve dramatically from 6 to 12 years of age, when adult levels of foraging have been reached. This is evident from reduced foraging times, increasingly frequent switches between target types, lower switch costs, and reduced error rates. In addition, partial least squares structural equation modeling reveals that the age differences on the foraging tasks are predominantly indirect effects through executive functions. In other words, the development of successful foraging abilities is highly correlated with the maturation of executive functions.
Many babies 3 rule learning - Stage 1 Registered Report - In principle acceptance
Authors: Visser Ingmar , Geambasu Andreea , Baumgartner Heidi A , Bergmann Christina , Byers-Heinlein Krista , Carstensen Christian Alexander , Doyle Frances L. , Gervain Judit , Hannon Erin , Havron Naomi , Johnson Scott , Kachergis George , Kline Struhl Melissa , Kosie Jessica Elizabeth , Lew-Williams Casey , Mayor Julien , Moreau David , Mueller Jutta L. , Raijmakers Maartje Eusebia Josefa , Shukla Mohinish , Tsui Angeline , Sirois Sylvain , Westermann Gert , Soderstrom Melanie , Levelt Clara
Published: July 2021

The ability to learn and apply rules lies at the heart of cognition. In a seminal study, Marcus, Vijayan, Rao, and Vishton (1999) reported that seven-month-old infants learned abstract rules over syllable sequences and were able to generalize those rules to novel syllable sequences. Dozens of studies have since extended on that research using different rules, modalities, stimuli, participants (human adults and non-human animals) and experimental procedures. Yet questions remain about the robustness of Marcus et al.’s (1999) core findings, as the presence of significant learning effects has been mixed. In the current study, we aimed to address this issue by testing XX infants of a wide age range (5;0-12;0 months) in a multi-laboratory (XX laboratories) replication of the Marcus et al. (1999) study.
Visual foraging and executive functions: A developmental perspective
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Inga María , Gestsdóttir Steinunn , Kristjansson Arni
Published: July 2021

In the past few years, interest in visual foraging, where participants search for multiple targets at a time, has increased, as such tasks may provide a richer picture of visual attention than traditional single-target visual search tasks. Little is known about visual foraging in childhood, so we tested 67 6th grade Icelandic children (mean age = 11.80 years, SD = 0.30 years; 36 girls) on a foraging task involving multiple targets of different types, also measuring three subdomains of executive functioning: inhibition, attentional flexibility, and working memory. The foraging results were then compared to findings from a previous study on younger children (66 children aged 4-7 years). The results show that foraging ability improves dramatically between the preschool and middle school years, and that this improvement reflects greater ease with switching between target types. The older children showed foraging patterns previously seen for adults: randomly switching between target templates during feature foraging, but exhaustively foraging for a single target type before switching during conjunction foraging. Younger children, conversely, tended to stick with the same target type for long runs during feature foraging. Switch costs were also much lower for the older children, resulting in faster and more efficient foraging. Lastly, a connection was established between foraging ability and both working memory and attentional flexibility, but not inhibition. Our study shows that foraging is a promising field of study to further our knowledge of visual attention, how it changes throughout the lifespan, and how it is connected to other cognitive functions.
Democracy and Public Opinion Formation: How Illiberal Regimes Suppress Climate Change Concern
Authors: Levi Sebastian , Goldberg Matthew H.
Published: July 2021

Do illiberal regimes suppress public discourse on environmental problems? We advance theory on environmental information control and test whether civil liberties have influenced the diffusion of climate change concern across 118 countries. Using a spatial model of synthetic panel data from 611,909 individuals, we find each unit change in the 7-point civil liberty index to impact climate change concern by 5 [95% CI: ±2] percentage points in the short term, a result that is robust to unobservable confounding and consistent across thousands of plausible model specifications. We find the effect to be even stronger for affluent countries, but much smaller for low-income countries and highly educated cohorts. A spatial system of seemingly unrelated regressions suggests that news coverage and protest activities could be pathways for civil liberties to influence public opinion. Our study has implications for the merits of democratic governance of climate change and for comparative public opinion formation.
Criminal Legal Challenges to the Uptake of Effective HIV Transmission Prevention Technologies and the Role of Medical Advice
Authors: Carter David J
Published: July 2021

Treatment-as-prevention (‘TasP’ or ‘U=U’) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (‘PrEP’) represent major advances in the prevention of HIV transmission. As time progresses, both interventions are having positive impacts on HIV transmission rates in Australia and are refashioning the meaning of ‘safer sex’ amongst priority populations.Despite this success, there is a risk that the law will undermine the effectiveness of these important new interventions by failing to keep up with these advances. It is time to implement a ‘medical advice’ law that will ensure that public health law remains evidence-based while reinforcing the doctor-patient relationship.
Information Aggregation with Delegation of Votes
Authors: Dhillon Amrita , Kotsialou Grammateia , Xefteris Dimitris
Published: July 2021

Recent developments in blockchain technology have made possible greater progress on secure electronic voting, opening the way to better ways of democratic decision making. In this paper we formalise the features of ``liquid democracy'' which allows voters to delegate their votes to other voters, and we explore whether it improves information aggregation as compared to direct voting. We consider a two-alternative setup with truth-seeking voters (informed and uninformed) and partisan ones (leftists and rightists), and we show that delegation improves information aggregation in finite elections. We also propose a mechanism that further improves the information aggregation properties of delegation in private information settings, by guaranteeing that all vote transfers are from uninformed to informed truth-seeking voters. Delegation offers effective ways for truth-seeking uninformed voters to boost the vote-share of the alternative that matches the state of the world in all considered setups and hence deserves policy makers' attention.
Polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions among medications prescribed to chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Chaudhary Shrijana Kumari , Manadhar Naresh , Adhikari Laxman
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is a major systemic condition. Presence of comorbid conditions with the deteriorating renal function, lead them to use multiple drugs. Polypharmacy is common among chronic kidney disease. The possibility of drug interaction rises when a patients concurrently receive more than one drug and the chances increase with the number of drugs taken, which may be associated with increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and health-care cost. The aim of this study was to assess the polypharmacy and pattern of drug- drug interactions in chronic kidney disease patients attending OPD and ward of nephrology unit in Kathmandu Medical College teaching hospital.

Material and Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted among 143 chronic kidney disease diagnosed patients in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. The Lexi-comp database was used to evaluate patient’s medications for potential drug-drug interactions.

Results: Chronic kidney disease was predominant among male (65.7%) than the female (34.3%). The most common age group was 41-60yrs followed by 61-80 yrs. The mean age of the patients was 54.38 ± 16.43 years. Chronic kidney disease was associated with multiple co-morbid conditions. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension 52 (36. 4%) and hypertension and diabetes both in 42 (29.4%). A total of 143 prescriptions were included in this study. Average number of drugs per prescription was 6.1. Almost 5-8 medicines per prescription were observed among 95(65.73%) patients. A total of 837 medicines were prescribed. A total number of 206 potential drug-drug interactions were observed among 143 patients. Depending upon the risk rating categorize, the most common were,  risk rating C 178( 86.4%) and the most frequent drug interaction was between amlodipine and calcium carbonate 65 (45.45%) .

Conclusion: The prevalence of potential drug-drug interaction is high among chronic kidney disease patients. About 63% of interactions have moderate severity. The safest approach to avoid potentials drug-drug interaction is the implementation of appropriate guidelines, detailed and rationalize knowledge of drugs and to utilize available drug-drug interaction software to avoid harmful drug-drug interaction among chronic kidney disease patients.
Prescription pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs in Chitwan Medical College Hospital
Authors: Paudel Gita , Karki Sirisa , Bhurtyal Karma Murti , Chaurasia Lokeshwar
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a crucial health issue globally. Cardiovascular and kidney disease is one of the results of hypertension which remarkably confer to overall mortality. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prescribing pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs to hypertensive patients and also to establish the current trend of prescribing pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs at Chitwan Medical College (CMC).

Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 patients to assess the prescribing pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs from hypertensive patients visiting medicine OPD of CMC during study period and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A standard proforma was used to collect information about patient’s socio-demographic details and anti-hypertensive drugs used for them. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 16.

Results: Out of 290 prescriptions, 201 (69.3%) patients received monotherapy while only 89 (30.7%) patients received combination therapy. In monotherapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were most commonly prescribed, while angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) + diuretics were the most commonly prescribed combination therapy.

Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that CCBs and ARBs were the most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive drug in monotherapy.
Management of resistant congenital clubfeet by the new operative procedure (Hussain's procedure): An experience of a fellowship program
Authors: Lakhey Rajesh Bahadur , Hussain Afzal
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Pakistan Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled Orthopedic Hospital is renowned for the correction of orthopedic deformities including foot and ankle deformities. Consultant orthopedic surgeon Afzal Hussain, pioneers the treatment of orthopedic deformities and has developed a new operative technique for congenital clubfoot. This research was planned to report the success of Hussain's Procedure in detecting and managing the anomalous structures.

Material and Methods: This research was mixed retrospective and prospective research carried out during fellowship of first author in which, operative procedure of the resistant congenital clubfoot associated with anomalous structures viz. anomalous muscles and tarsal coalitions, were performed with the new operative procedure by Dr. Hussain, were assisted by the first author and a minimum of 5 years of follow up of the cases was done by the senior author (Afzal Hussain). Cumming’s modification of Laavag and Ponseti score was applied for the calculation of the results at the follow-ups.

Results: During the fellowship, 10 cases of clubfeet with muscle anomalies were managed. Similarly 7 clubfeet with tarsal coalitions were managed. There was full correction of the clubfoot deformity. The cases were followed up by the senior author (Afzal Hussain) for at least 5 years. During the minimum of 5 years followup post completion of treatment, Cumming’s modification of Laavag and Ponseti scores of the operated clubfeet were found to be excellent.

Conclusion: The resistance to management of congenital clubfoot by casting may be because of anomalous structures. New operative procedure by Consultant Afzal Hussain names as Hussain's Procedure was helpful in detecting and managing the anomalous structures.
Budaya Batak Toba dalam Pelayanan Pariwisata Danau Toba di Parapat
Authors: Harianja Eka Debora , Harahap R. Hamdani , Lubis Zulkifli
Published: July 2021

Toba Batak culture is very important for the development of Lake Toba tourism in Parapat. Toba 3H Batak culture (Hamoraon, Hagabeon, and Hasangapon) is a culture that is strongly held by the Toba Batak people. And the culture is carried out in daily living habits including the way the Toba Batak people in Parapat treat tourists and if tourists are satisfied, of course there will be tourism development. So in this study will look at the attitudes, attention, actions, and anticipation of tourism actors both local Toba Batak communities, business people and related parties in increasing the development of tourism in Parapat. The methodology used in this research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The informants in this study were key informants in this study were tribal chiefs who knew Batak culture well, the main informants in this study were domestic tourists with Toba Batak and foreign tourists who ended up in Parapat and additional informants in this study were business actors and givers tourism services such as traders, hotel entrepreneurs, restaurant entrepreneurs, hotel servants, restaurant servants, parking attendants, etc., and tourism observers and responsible government agencies such as the Tourism Office and BPS The results of this study indicate that Batak Toba culture can have a positive and negative impact on Lake Toba tourism, but in this study it was seen that Batba Toba 3H culture had a negative impact on the development of tourism. It can be seen how the Toba Batak people serve tourists. The obstacles faced are the habit of the Batak Toba people who are very hard and want to be respected, making tourists not want to return to Parapat
Profesionalisme Penyelenggara Adhoc dalam Keberatan Saksi di Tahapan Rekapitulasi Hasil Penghitungan Suara Tingkat Kecamatan
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Subhilhar Subhilhar , Amin Muryanto
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to answer the professionalism of the District Election Committee (PPK) in carrying out the adhoc district level recapitulation in carrying out the recapitulation at the sub-district level, in particular the follow-up to the witness's objection makes it possible for various problems that cannot be resolved in the recapitulation at the sub-district level, so that they arise again. at the district level. This study uses the main theory of electoral integrity from Pippa Norris. To explain KDP's professionalism, Gregorius Sahdan's theory of professionalism is used. To see the form of resolution of the witness' objection, the theory of conflict resolution from Spiegel, Novri Susan, and Ralf Dahrendorf will be used. The research findings show that the professionalism of KDP in the recapitulation at the sub-district level is very good in terms of regulatory capacity and implementative capacity. Judging from the administrative capacity, there are still several shortcomings due to reduced accuracy as a result of the very high workload and work intensity of KDP. In addition, the witness's objection in the recapitulation at the sub-district level had been properly accommodated by the PPK based on the provisions of the law and PKPU. The model that was used by the PPK to follow up on the objections of witnesses was discussion (consolidation), recommendations from the District Panwaslu (mediation), and through a lawsuit to the Constitutional Court (arbitration). These methods are applied in stages and conditionally.
Implementasi Program Gerakan Indonesia Sadar Administrasi dalam Percepatan Kepemilikan Akta Kelahiran Usia 0-18 Tahun
Authors: Listiyono Listiyono , Humaizi Humaizi , Kusmanto Heri
Published: July 2021

In terms of fulfilling the rights and obligations of the residents of Langkat Regency in the field of civil registration of birth certificates, a comprehensive arrangement is needed to serve as guidelines and guidelines for all government officials in Langkat Regency. As the Minister of Home Affairs Instruction Number 470/837 / SJ 07 concerning the Administration of a Conscious Indonesia Movement (GISA) which aims to increase public awareness in the field of population administration, effective and efficient government and a competitive state. The local government is expected to fully support the program by creating an ideal ecosystem. This study aims to see the implementation of the Administrative Awareness Movement program in accelerating ownership of birth certificates aged 0-18 years in Langkat Regency. In this study, the research methodology used by the writers was a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach with the intention of focusing on the problems or phenomena that existed at the time the research was carried out. Key research informants were the Head of the Population and Civil Registry Office and the Head of the Civil Registration Division. Based on the results of the presentation and analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Administration Awareness Indonesia Movement program in accelerating the ownership of birth certificates aged 0-18 years in Langkat Regency is still not optimal, such as the communication process has not been maximal, limited resources, no budget for the program and there is a transition of structural officials.
Peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam Pengawasan Dana Desa
Authors: Pratama Ade Krisdian , Badaruddin Badaruddin , Kadir Abdul
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the role of the Village Consultative Institution (BPD) in monitoring the use of Village Funds in Kuta Pinang Village, Tebing Syahbandar District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, data collection techniques by conducting literature studies and research in the field. Data analysis was performed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The role of BPD includes three things, namely the role in regulations, organizations / institutions and in individuals. The results showed that the role of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) of Kuta Pinang Village in the supervision of Village Funds by monitoring and auditing financial reports on the use of village funds. The follow-up of the supervision that has been carried out by the BPD which is an evaluation of the performance of the Kuta Pinang village government has also not been available so that the role of supervision has not been optimal. In addition to these aspects, the findings in this study are the obstacles faced by the BPD of Kuta Pinang Village in conducting supervision, namely the lack of community participation in village deliberations, the BPD does not understand the regulations for the use of village funds, BPD resources are still inadequate and inaccurate monitoring documentation, so that the impact on the implementation of supervision is not optimal.
Analisis Kompetensi Manajerial Jabatan Pelaksana di Balai Pendidikan dan Latihan Keagamaan Semarang
Authors: Fitriati Rukhana , Astuti Retno Sunu , Priyadi Budi Puspo , Afrizal Teuku
Published: July 2021

The merit system is defined as human resource management based on work performance, competence is a major factor in improving work performance, competence is indispensable in every job both in the private sector and in the government sector, in the government sector, work related to community service is directly carried out by an executive position Therefore, an executive position must have a minimum competency, namely managerial competence. The purpose of this study was to analyze managerial competence, inhibiting factors faced by executors who work at the Semarang Religious Education and Training Center. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a survey approach to answer the research objectives, namely to analyze the managerial competence of the executive positions and to analyze the inhibiting factors faced by executive positions who work at the Semarang Religious Training Center. The results showed that the managerial competence of the executive positions who worked at the Semarang Religious Education and Training Center was in the medium category and the inhibiting factor was the lack of competency development in increasing knowledge. Recommendations as steps that must be taken by the Semarang Religious Education and Training Center are to increase the competency development of executive positions.
Pengaruh Informasi Sistem Penghitungan Nasional Online pada Hasil Pemilu 2019 terhadap Kepercayaan Publik Kota Medan
Authors: Tampubolon Febrin Dwi Gloria , Amin Muryanto , Harahap Hendra
Published: July 2021

The election organizer is obliged to implement every principle in the election. The online National Counting System (Situng) is one of a series of election organizer activities in fulfilling the principle of openness to the public. Improving the quality of service in the General Election aims to increase public trust in the implementation of elections. According to Nunkoo, the principles of transparency and knowledge must be possessed by activity organizers in an effort to increase public trust. Research with this quantitative method looks at how much influence the online national counting system (situng) information (study of the 2019 Election results) has with a study on the people of Medan City. The findings in this study indicate that the process of transparency and increasing knowledge of the people of Medan City has significantly shaped Public Trust in the 2019 Election. The act of transparency has a bigger effect than increasing knowledge of online counting. Given the large role of transparency in shaping public trust in Medan City, this activity needs to be further enhanced to provide a better understanding to the public. And it does not rule out that online situng can increase public knowledge in the electoral field. Situng online is also expected to be an extension of the General Election Commission (KPU) in increasing public knowledge as a basis for experience in the election.