bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jurnal Strategi Dalam Membantu Anak yang Mengalami Kesulitan Membaca di Usia Normal Pada Siswa SD
Authors: Sibarani Ramadhan Syahputra , Haikal Fikri , Zabni Nur Hera , Salsabisa Hana , Februari Budi , Ramadhani Putri Rizki , Hsb Dafa Riski Rahmanda Fitrah , Andini Andini
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan ini berfokus pada penerapan strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pada anak-anak kelas 3 dan 4 yang mengalami kesulitan membaca di SDN Blankahan 057192, Desa Blankahan, Kecamatan Kuala, Kabupaten Langkat. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kesulitan membaca dan mengimplementasikan solusi praktis melalui penggunaan metode phonics dan teknologi pembelajaran interaktif. Melalui survei dan wawancara, ditemukan bahwa sekitar 60% dari siswa memiliki tingkat literasi yang rendah, yang mempengaruhi kemampuan mereka untuk membaca teks sederhana sesuai dengan usia mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian ini melibatkan 52 siswa, terbagi dalam dua kelompok kelas, yang masing-masing menjalani pelatihan phonics dan sesi peambelajaran interaktif selama empat minggu. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam skor membaca dari rata-rata 40.00 di pre-test menjadi 75.00 di post-test, dengan peningkatan konsistensi dan kecepatan membaca yang juga tercatat. Program ini tidak hanya meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa tetapi juga meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mereka dan menunjukkan pentingnya integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan. Pengabdian ini menawarkan wawasan baru dalam penggunaan metode phonics dan pembelajaran interaktif sebagai alat yang efektif untuk mengatasi kesulitan membaca di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar.
Optimalisasi Gizi Balita Melalui Pelatihan Intensif Bagi Ibu Dalam Menyusun Menu Sehat Untuk Mengurangi Kejadian Stunting
Authors: Lutfi Lutfihandayani , Petralina Bintang , Maryuni Maryuni , Esterlita Mari , Istianah Isti
Published: December 2024

Stunting adalah masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi tantangan serius di Indonesia, terutama di daerah pedesaan seperti Kelurahan Rancamaya, Bogor. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat kekurangan gizi dalam jangka waktu panjang yang mengakibatkan pertumbuhan anak menjadi terhambat. Anak-anak yang mengalami stunting tidak hanya terhambat dalam pertumbuhan fisik, tetapi juga berpotensi memiliki kecerdasan yang lebih rendah serta risiko penyakit kronis di kemudian hari. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk ; 1). Meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu balita. 2). Mendorong penerapan praktik gizi dengan menyusun menu sehat. Metode Pelaksanaan Kegiatan ini melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu ; 1). Sosialisasi dan Pengenalan Program Pada tahap awal. 2). Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Gizi Seimbang dengan praktik demo memasak yang memperlihatkan cara-cara menyusun menu sehat secara langsung. 4). Monitoring dan Evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh team penelitian dan kader. Hasil dari program ini diharapkan mampu memberikan dampak positif dalam jangka panjang, yaitu; Peningkatan pengetahuan gizi dan Perubahan perilaku dalam menyusun menu di kalangan ibu-ibu balita di Kelurahan Rancamaya, di mana setidaknya 75-80%. Program ini diharapkan mampu membawa perubahan positif dalam pola makan dan gaya hidup masyarakat, terutama dalam hal pemenuhan gizi anak-anak. Melalui pendekatan yang holistik dan berkelanjutan, program ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model intervensi yang dapat diterapkan di wilayah lain yang menghadapi masalah serupa, dan pada akhirnya, berkontribusi pada pencapaian target nasional dalam mengurangi prevalensi stunting di Indonesia
Multisystemic effects of the herbal formulation cholesterol defence in high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemic rats
Authors: Ojoye N. Briggs  , Kemzi N. Elechi-Amadi
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study evaluated the multisystemic effects of the herbal formulation cholesterol defence, in high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemic rats.
Methodology: A total of 35 male albino rats weighing between 160 to 180g were used for the study. The rats were weighed and grouped into 5 groups of 7 rats each. They were fed high fat diet for 6 weeks. 2 weeks before commencement of treatments and then 4 weeks alongside the treatments. Group 1 was negative control and group 2 positive control. Group 3 was administered metformin, group 4 administered CholesDefence, and group 5 administered a combination of metformin and cholesDefence. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using Glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by enzymatic methods. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from the Friedewald’s equation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using the Reitman-Frankel method. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the Colorimetric endpoint method. Phytochemical analysis was done on the herbal tablet using classical methods.
Results: The results revealed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids in the herbal tablet. FPG, insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in the positive control group, compared to the negative control and treatment groups. Metformin and CholesDefence significantly reduced FPG levels. Metformin significantly reduced insulin and HOMA-IR values, which were significantly higher in the group 3 administered CholesDefence, compared to the negative control. ALT, AST and ALP were significantly higher in the positive control, but was significantly reduced to normal levels by the treatments. CRP was significantly reduced by metformin, but not by CholesDefence. Metformin and the combination therapy significantly improved TC, TG, HDL-C, but had no impact on LDL-C levels. CholesDefence had no effect on TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels, but significantly reduced TG levels.
Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia induced by high-fat diet elevated glucose and insulin levels, causing significant insulin resistance. It impacted the liver, leading to elevated liver enzymes and systemic inflammation. CholesDefence and its combination therapy was not as effective as metformin in improving the dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and the resulting inflammation. It however had equipotent anti-hyperglycaemic and hepatoprotective effects compared to metformin.
Nutritional status, knowledge, and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescent girls in the coastal region of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Moshfequa Rahman Khan  , Kazi Jannatul Wakeya  , Md Shihab-ul-Islam Rafi  , Salina Canadi  , Zubaida Iftekhar  , Abu Ansar Md Rizwan
Published: December 2024

Background: Adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to a combination of biological, socio-economic, and environmental factors. In the coastal regions of Bangladesh, these challenges are compounded by frequent natural disasters and pervasive poverty, influencing both undernutrition and overnutrition among this demographic.
Aim: This study aims to assess the nutritional status, knowledge, and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescent girls in Bangladesh's coastal regions, focusing on identifying key drivers of malnutrition and areas for intervention.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to July 2024 in Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar. The sample consisted of 345 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and Stata to explore correlations between nutritional status and socio-demographic factors.
Results: The study found a significant prevalence of both undernutrition and overnutrition among participants, with 10.14% underweight and 29.85% either overweight or obese. Nutritional knowledge was generally poor, with less than half of the respondents demonstrating a good understanding of dietary needs. Parental education, especially maternal, was significantly associated with better nutritional outcomes. Larger and joint family structures were correlated with higher rates of overweight and obesity.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional education programs in Bangladesh's coastal regions. Enhancing maternal education, strengthening family involvement in dietary practices, and addressing environmental challenges through sustainable agricultural initiatives are crucial for improving the nutritional health of adolescent girls in these areas
Nutritional and sensory quality of millet fortified energy bar
Authors: Chhavi Verma  , Dr. Seema Sonkar
Published: December 2024

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly nutritional anaemia, iodine deficiency illnesses, and vitamin A insufficiency, have been a problem in developing countries. In order to tackle malnutrition and hidden hunger in developing nations, micronutrient fortification is the most effective method. Micronutrients viz. vitamins, minerals (including trace minerals) are intentionally added to the food for increasing their nutritional content, improving the nutritional quality of food, and providing a public health with minimal risk to health.The present study was undertaken on the formulation of fortified food products using blends of foxtail and barnyard millet flour. Standardization of the fortified food products were on the basis of quality parameters. In the present study, four different types of food products were prepared using blends of foxtail and barnyard millet flour. The developed fortified food products were fortified energy bar respectively. The nutritional characteristics viz. proximate composition, and minerals content of fortified food products were analysed. Consumer acceptability of the fortified food products were also assessed. Fortified food products viz. energy bar were found liked very much as comparison to the control (non-fortified) food samples of the products. The nutritional content of the fortified food products was also higher than the control (non-fortified) food samples.
It can be interpreted from the current study that fortification of the foxtail and barnyard millet flour in food products (energy bar) increased their nutritional value. Blend s of foxtail millet and barnyard millet flour enhance the iron, and zinc content in the fortified food products (energy bar). Food products (energy bar) fortified with foxtail and barnyard millet flour was more nutritious than control (non-fortified) food samples prepared from maket value.
A LITERATURA SOBRE DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS COSTEIROS:
Authors: Souza Wellyngton Fernando Leonel de , Nakatani Márcia Shizue Massukado
Published: December 2024

O crescente debate sobre o Turismo Azul, relacionado às vivências e práticas turísticas em destinos costeiros, enfatizam a importância do planejamento, da gestão e da fiscalização do turismo enquanto instrumento de conservação, preservação e manutenção. Isto é ressaltado diante dos impactos negativos, gerados ou intensificados à negligência desse entendimento, o que inclui a poluição e contaminação da costa, alterações no habitat marinho e, também, conflitos sociais. Desta forma, a proposta de pesquisa nesse campo surge como parte do movimento global de conscientização sobre as zonas costeiras e marinhas, especialmente no contexto da Década do Oceano. Assim, realizou-se uma análise bibliométrica da literatura sobre destinos costeiros turísticos, visando prioritariamente desenvolver uma agenda de pesquisa, especialmente voltada para a costa brasileira. A análise utiliza abordagem mista, combinando métodos predominantemente quantitativos e foi realizada nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os resultados da bibliometria identificaram o primeiro estudo sobre destinos costeiros turísticos da década de 1980, publicado em periódico internacional sobre a costa brasileira. Observou-se que não houve uma tendência de aumento ou diminuição ao longo dos primeiros 25 anos; sendo, somente, a partir de 2008, detectada uma crescente de pesquisas sobre destinos costeiros turísticos. A agenda de pesquisa aponta três tópicos principais: 1) impactos ocasionados por ou que afetam o turismo; 2) a poluição e a contaminação por poluentes; e 3) as mudanças climáticas. Conclui-se que os estudos sobre destinos costeiros turísticos apontam para desafios adicionais para a inserção de uma agenda sobre o Turismo Azul na Década do Oceano. Outrossim, verificou-se que além da falta de coordenação governamental e de governança, os aspectos socioculturais, econômicos e políticos têm afetado a sustentabilidade de ambientes costeiros e marinhos e o bem-estar das comunidades locais.
Tradisi Penulisan Hadith dalam Manuskrip Melayu: Satu Kajian Khusus terhadap MSS 3201 Rawdah al-‘Ulama’
Authors: Mamat Mohd Anuar
Published: December 2024

Terdapat pelbagai karya telah dihasilkan oleh para sarjana Alam Melayu dan sehingga sekarang ia masih berbentuk tulisan tangan dan manuskrip. Karya-karya tersebut menampilkan pelbagai keunikan dan keistimewaan tersendiri. Antaranya ialah kepelbagaian penulisan karya Alam Melayu dan kandungannya yang komprehensif merangkumi kepelbagaian bidang keilmuan. Penulisannya juga adalah berteraskan adab dan keilmuan yang tinggi dalam kepengarangannya. Karya yang dihasilkan juga bukan sahaja terhad kepada berbentuk prosa, malah ada juga ditulis dalam bentuk lain seperti syair, puisi dan nazam. Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan tradisi penulisan hadith dalam manuskrip Melayu dengan tumpuan khusus terhadap MSS 3201 Rawḍah al-‘Ulamā’. Manuskrip ini ditulis menggunakan bahasa Jawi dan kandungannya memuatkan pelbagai jenis hadith. Metode kajian yang digunakan dalam kertas kerja ini ialah metode kajian manuskrip merangkumi kajian kodikologi dan juga analisis kandungan mengenai tradisi penulisan hadith dalam manuskrip Melayu. Kajian aspek kodikologi memfokuskan kewujudan naskhah, repositori, aspek fizikal naskhah, saiz, kertas, tera air dan sebagainya, manakala aspek kedua pula mendedahkan analisis tradisi penulisan hadith. Diharapkan dengan kajian ini dapat menjelaskan aspek-aspek penting melibatkan fizikal naskhah yang dikaji seterusnya memudahkan kajian lanjutan khusus tentang kandungan manuskrip MSS 3201 ini.
Manhaj Imam Ibn Furak Dalam Berinteraksi Dengan Hadith Sifat ‎Khabariyyah
Authors: Nik Idris Nik Muhammad Abdul Hayyi
Published: December 2024

Ibn al-Furak was one of the most influential hadith scholars in the fourth century. His prominence in the ‎field of hadith can be seen through his masterpieces, including Mushkil al-Hadīth. This book contains the ‎description and point of view of Imam Ibn Furak on the hadiths of khabariyyah attributes and their explanations. This ‎study is essential in analysing Imam Ibn Furak's facts on the meaning of hadiths of ‎ khabariyyah attributes due to his expertise in various disciplines. By observing the khabariyyah attributes of hadiths from ‎the correct perspective, the general public will gain accurate knowledge that aligns with the wishes of the ‎nuṣūṣ (textual) and the beliefs of the salaf. This study aims to identify Imam Ibn Furak's view on hadith khabariyyah attributes based on the content of the book Mushkil al-Hadīth. Next, the study formulates ‎the concept of understanding and interacting with khabariyyah attributes hadiths according to the beliefs of the Salaf. This study applies ‎the inductive method to obtain hadiths related to the description of the Salaf in the book Mushkil al-Hadīth. ‎Descriptive methods are carried out to describe and summarise Imam Ibn Furak's statement regarding the ‎concept of interacting with khabariyyah attributes hadiths. The study's findings show that Imam Ibn Furak has ‎explained the correct description of interacting with the hadiths of khabariyyah attributes and dispelled any ‎accusation that he used the forbidden knowledge of kalam. In addition, he often discusses Arabic language debates in the book Mushkil al-Hadīth. Overall, khabariyyah attributes hadiths not only need to be confirmed to be authentic, but they also need to be ‎based on the understanding of the Salaf that is in line with the guidance of the sunnah.‎
Managing emotions: A service evaluation of a Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) informed skills group within community drug and alcohol services
Authors: Heathcote Daniel , MacDonald-Winship Lewis , Brown Amy , Lord Sarah , Marsh Daniella , Dalrymple Lenny , Huke Kathy
Published: December 2024

Background

Many people with substance use difficulties experience co-occurring mental health difficulties but encounter exclusion from mental health services and difficulties accessing treatment. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) was first developed to treat individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) but more recently represents a promising treatment approach for people with substance use difficulties. There remains a dearth of literature investigating the feasibility of DBT informed interventions within community drug and alcohol services.

Method

A service evaluation within a community drug and alcohol service investigated a DBT informed skills programme delivered over seven sessions. Routine outcome measures were administered pre and post intervention for: (i) psychological distress (Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation [CORE-10], (ii) emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [DERS]) and (iii) recovery from drug and alcohol dependence (Substance Use Recovery Evaluator [SURE]).

Results

Pre and post measures for 39 participants were available. Paired Samples T-tests showed statistically significant improvements in the CORE-10 (t(38) =4.776, p<0.001), DERS (t(38) =5.75, p<0.001), and SURE (t(37) =3.68, p<0.001).

Conclusion

The DBT-informed programme was associated with improvements in emotion regulation, increased recovery from substance use and a reduction in psychological distress. These findings further suggest that DBT informed skills groups can provide a useful therapeutic approach within community settings. Clinical considerations alongside limitations of the evaluation are discussed.
PENYULUHAN RISIKO KANKER DAN PAPARAN RADIASI BAGI PEKERJA KANTORAN
Authors: Darmawan Zulkifli Tri , Indah Musdalifah  , Sitti Normawati  , Herlinda Mahdania Harun  , Asnaeni Ansar  , Andi Nur Intan Wulandari  , Firdha Adlia Syuhada
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat mengakibatkan peningkatan penggunaan alat-alat elektronik di lingkungan kerja, khususnya bagi pekerja kantoran. Salah satu risiko yang perlu diperhatikan adalah paparan radiasi dari perangkat elektronik yang dapat meningkatkan risiko masalah kesehatan, termasuk kanker. Berdasarkan hal ini, dilakukan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk penyuluhan tentang bahaya radiasi dan cara pencegahannya di kalangan karyawan Lembaga Amil Zakat Wahdah Inspirasi Zakat. Penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran karyawan mengenai dampak radiasi serta langkah-langkah preventif yang dapat diambil. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sosialisasi melalui ceramah, diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Materi penyuluhan mencakup pemahaman tentang radiasi, cara mengurangi paparan, pentingnya istirahat secara berkala dari perangkat elektronik, serta penerapan pola hidup sehat. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh karyawan dan berlangsung selama satu jam. Berdasarkan hasil sosialisasi, karyawan diberikan informasi tentang pentingnya menjaga jarak aman dari perangkat elektronik, mengatur waktu layar, serta meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan bergizi untuk memperkuat daya tahan tubuh
Sosialisasi Prilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Pada Tatanan Rumah Tangga Di Desa Bonto Tiro Kecamatan Rumbia Kabupaten Jeneponto
Authors: Muawanah Muawanah , Hasmah  , A.M. Fadhil Hayat  , Dewi Arisanti
Published: December 2024

Clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) is an important component in health development which requires awareness, ability, and the desire to live healthily from every resident so that optimal health can be achieved. Actions to maintain cleanliness to achieve optimal health can start with yourself and your family in everyday life. PHBS in the household setting is an effort to empower each household member to know, want and be able to independently be actively involved in implementing clean and healthy living behavior through the PHBS program to improve health status. The problem faced is the low level of public knowledge regarding the benefits of clean and healthy living behavior for society in general and especially for the people of Bonto Tiro village, Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency. Therefore, the aim of community service is to provide knowledge and understanding about PHBS in the household setting. This service activity is carried out by providing education to the community through the lecture method. The extension material is displayed in powerpoint form with delivery that is easy for the public to understand. The results of this service activity were an increase in community knowledge after providing outreach about the importance of implementing clean and healthy living behavior in household settings in everyday life.
Editorial - N.º 13 / 2-2024
Authors: Rita Annabela , Franco José Eduardo , Martuscelli Tania
Published: December 2024

The journal e-Letras com Vida — Journal of Global Studies. Humanities, Sciences, and Arts closes the year with a richly engaging issue focused on interartistic dialogues. The thematic core highlights visual arts, featuring a dossier titled "Graça Morais and the Art of Thinking the World." In addition to essays, the issue presents two poems and three testimonies reflecting on the life and work of the artist
Entrevista a Marco Lucchesi
Authors: Lucas Silva Cristiana
Published: December 2024

Marco Lucchesi was born on December 9, 1963, in Rio de Janeiro. The son of Elena Dati and Egidio Lucchesi, his passion for knowledge and music emerged in childhood. Lucchesi is fluent in more than twenty languages. Since he was a boy, his dream was to communicate with the world, which he pursued through letters and other forms of communication. One of his major achievements is the broad distribution of books across all regions of Brazil to establish libraries. He signed agreements that promoted literature and reading, particularly benefiting socially and culturally disadvantaged communities in Brazil and abroad. Lucchesi served as President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 2018 to 2021, during which his activities extended beyond the institution’s walls. He established partnerships and agreements that fostered necessary communication between Western and Eastern countries. Currently, he serves as the President of the National Library Foundation, located in Rio de Janeiro.
Discussion on the Principles of Garden Art Based on The Cultivation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability
Authors: Zhang Hong
Published: December 2024

For rural revitalization of the construction of the background of garden art principle course reform problem, through the garden professional development situation fully research, from the teaching purpose, teaching content, teaching method, teaching evaluation improve garden art principle teaching strategy, construct "course + project + innovation entrepreneurship"  "garden art principle" curriculum teaching system. The teaching system explores a new school-enterprise cooperation mode, and uses the platform of the university science and technology park to carry out various forms of forest model art principles courses in the innovation and entrepreneurship park to cultivate students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship. Under the background of first-class professional construction, landscape architecture needs to make comprehensive contributions to the changes of environment, culture, urban and rural areas and economy. Landscape Architecture will become a first-class major in the university, and establish a relatively complete curriculum system according to the needs of the society. How to meet the current demand of urban and rural development for professional, applied and compound high-level talents of landscape architecture is the top priority of landscape architecture teaching. Landscape architecture major has different priorities in universities with different backgrounds, but the principle of garden art has always been one of the main courses of garden teaching. The principle of garden art is an important course for the design ability training of students majoring in landscape architecture. It is an important process of applying the principle of garden art and an important means of artistic expression of landscape architecture design[1]。From the perspective of garden art principle, this paper explores how to improve the teaching of garden model from the perspective of innovation and entrepreneurship.
A Systematic Analysis of Progress in Doping Combustion Characterization of Ammonia-Fueled Engines
Authors: Wang Zicong , Zhou Qishi
Published: December 2024

In the global environment of carbon emission reduction, diesel engine emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other harmful gases seriously polluting the environment has been boycotted by governments around the world. Ammonia, as a clean, environment-friendly, easy-to-transport green energy, has broad application prospects. However, due to its poor combustion performance and high calorific value, there are some limitations in its application. In this paper, the mechanism, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics of an engine fueled with ammonia-hydrogen fuel and ammonia-carbon-based fuel are reviewed. Hydrogen fuel and diesel fuel with low ignition energy and fast laminar flame spread characteristics, can make up the shortage of pure ammonia fuel, reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Among them, hydrogen ammonia fuel has become the mainstream and the most promising fuel, compared with pure ammonia fuel and ammonia diesel fuel has the advantages of clean, low transport costs, fast combustion and so on, will become the future engine main application fuel.
Implementing Insect Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Tensorflow
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

Insects are one of the most diverse biological groups on Earth, playing a crucial role in human agricultural production. However, there is a relative shortage of professionals capable of classifying insects. With the rapid advancement of computer vision technology, image classification techniques have been employed to classify insects. Traditional insect image classification requires manual extraction of image features, a process that is both time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the accuracy of the identification results is relatively low. To address these issues, this study adopts deep learning technology and uses Google's TensorFlow framework to build a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for insect classification. The article further analyzes the impact of different optimizers and learning rates on the model's classification performance. Experimental results show that using the Adam optimizer with a learning rate of 0.009 yields the highest recognition accuracy for the CNN model, reaching up to 92%.
Detection of Small Object based on Improved-YOLOv8
Authors: Tan Yingying , Song Jinpeng , Chu Chen
Published: December 2024

An improved YOLOv8 model is proposed to address the issue of poor recognition performance caused by their low resolution and weak feature representation in small object detection task. Firstly, to extract a richer set of low-level features from images, a WT_Conv module is designed to fuse the feature components extracted by WT (Wavelet Transform) with those extracted by convolutional layer. Secondly, based on the idea that shallow and deep feature maps contain information at different scales, a MS (Multiscale Separation) module is designed to preserve the features of small objects separated from shallow layer and transfer the salient features of large objects to the deeper layers, effectively solving the problem of inconsistent feature expression caused by the direct fusion of shallow and deep feature maps. Finally, we introduce the DE (Detail Enhancement) module capable of fusing adjacent feature maps to process the small-objects features separated by the MS module, enhancing feature representation for small objects. Experiment results on UAVOD-10 and Small Object datasets show that our model achieves a mAP improvement of 9.5% and 2.3% respectively over the baseline, and it also shows a significant advantage over other comparative models, affirming the effectiveness of the proposed model for small object detection tasks.
Solving Multi-robot Task Assignment Problem based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Zhu Jianjun
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the low efficiency of robot task distribution and unbalanced task distribution in the process of warehouse task scheduling, this paper aims at minimum total task path and balanced task distribution, establishes a warehouse robot scheduling scheme and mathematical model, and proposes an improved genetic algorithm for task allocation. Firstly, greedy algorithm is introduced to optimize the initial population and improve the quality of the initial population. Secondly, the heuristic bidirectional triple crossover operator is designed to expand the search range of the population and improve the accuracy of the optimal solution. Finally, the multi-variant strategy is introduced to solve the problem that the algorithm falls into local optimality. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has better convergence and balanced distribution ability.
Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry: Etiological and Ecological Characteristics, and Management
Authors: Nam Myeong Hyeon , Yoo Je hyeok , Park Han na
Published: December 2024

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is a major disease affecting strawberry plants worldwide. Since it was first reported in Korea in 1982, strawberry Fusarium wilt has occurred in most cultivated strawberry cultivars. Although many efforts have been made to control the disease, a comprehensive review of Fusarium wilt control is necessary because of its continuing occurrence. In this review, we introduce a variety of strawberry Fusarium wilt management methods, including the pathogen taxonomy involved in this disease, the importance of latent infection, diagnostic techniques, environmental factors, and control methods. We hope that this review will help strawberry farmers and researchers adopt a comprehensive and effective approach for Fusarium wilt control by understanding this disease and studying the latest control methods.
The First Report of Septobasidium sp. Occurrence on Phyllostachys reticulata (Rupr.) K. Koch in South Korea and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Lee Geon-Woo , Choi WooYoung , Lee Sun Keun , Han Sang-Sub
Published: December 2024

In May 2024, a disease resembling felt disease was observed on the stems and branches of Phyllostachys reticulata, with brown coloration appearing on the infected areas, and samples were collected in Byeongbawi Rock and its surroundings, Gochang-gun, Jeonbuk-do. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences obtained from the basidiomata. This fungus was classified as Septobasidium sp., showing 97.84% similarity to the Septobasidium sp. strain isolated from the Schisandra chinensis tree. The structural characteristics of the layers of mycelia mat were compared through detailed microscopic examination. Interestingly, while the mats layer structure for commonly known blight diseases are typically single-layered, the basidiomata observed on P. reticulata exhibited a 1 to 3 layered structure. This study represents the first record of felt disease on P. reticulata in Korea, providing a comprehensive report on its morphological and molecular characteristics.
Construction of Microbial Consortium FireFighter-C for Controlling Fire Blight Disease and Its Control Effect
Authors: Lee Seung Yeup , Yun Minju , Yang Suin , Roh Eunjung
Published: December 2024

Fire blight is a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora that infects plants of the family Rosaceae, causing economic losses in apple- and pear-cultivating areas. In Korea, copper-based compounds and antibioticbased control agents are used to control fire blight disease. However, the development of new control agents is necessary owing to the fact that preserving agricultural environments is vital for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we developed a microbial consortium, FireFighter-C, by selecting four highly competitive microorganisms against seven sugar sources present in flowers, which are the initial routes of fire blight pathogen infection. Although individual microorganisms had no direct antagonistic effect on fire blight, disease control (89.75% improvement compared to the control group) was confirmed when the microbial consortium was applied to flowers. This study could potentially serve as an important reference for the development of microbial consortia in various fields as well as plant disease control.
Influences of Ditylenchus destructor on Stored Garlic and Evaluation of Control Methods
Authors: Huh Sungchan , Kim Hakyeong , Park Sohee , Je Hwanseok , Kang Heonil , Choi Insoo
Published: December 2024

Ditylenchus destructor, a potato rot nematode that infects garlic, was first discovered in Korea. Infectivity, damage during storage, and control methods were studied using garlic cv. Daeseo harvested from farmlands where nematodes naturally occur in the Namhae and Gyeongnam regions. The weight of garlic bulbs (n=5, randomly selected) ranged from 30.7 g to 41.2 g, with an average of 9.6 cloves per bulb and each garlic clove averaging 3.8 g. An average of 1,204 nematodes were detected per garlic clove, with a maximum of 14,400 nematodes. There was no significant correlation between garlic clove weight and nematode density (r=0.0153), but the higher the density of D. destructor, the faster the weight decreased with storage period. After storage for 12 weeks, garlic without nematode infection (n=88) lost an average of 8% of its weight, while garlic infested with D. destructor (n=78) lost 22-31% of its weight. In field experiments, plots planted with tissue-cultured garlic (nematode-free) had a 1.49-fold increase in yield compared to the control, while no significant yield increase was observed in plots planted with NaOCl or hot water treated garlic. Therefore, the use of tissue-cultured garlic is recommended as an effective method to reduce garlic yield loss caused by potato rot nematodes.
Fruit Rot of Papaya Caused by Fusarium spp. in Korea
Authors: Lee Gyo-Bin , Shim Hong-Sik , Cho Weon-Dae , Kim Wan-Gyu
Published: December 2024

Fruit rot symptoms were observed in papaya trees (Carica papaya) grown in a greenhouse in Gokseong, Korea, during disease surveys in 2021 and 2022. The symptoms developed from the fruit ends, and white hyphae grew on the lesions. The incidence of diseased papaya fruits in the investigated greenhouse was 0.5–1.0%. Six single-conidium isolates were obtained from the diseased fruits and identified as Fusarium sp. based on their morphological characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates revealed that the isolates were divided into two distinct groups. One group consisting of two isolates clustered with Fusarium bostrycoides, while another group consisting of four isolates did not cluster with any reported Fusarium spp. The four Fusarium sp. isolates are considered to be a new species and need to be studied further. The isolates of F. bostrycoides and Fusarium sp. were tested for their pathogenicity to papaya fruits through artificial inoculation. Both the Fusarium spp. isolates induced fruit rot symptoms of papaya, which were similar to those observed in the investigated greenhouse. This is the first report of F. bostrycoides and a new type of Fusarium sp. causing fruit rot in papaya.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia minor Causing Sclerotinia Rot in Stringy Stonecrop
Authors: Kim Wan-Gyu , Lee Gyo-Bin , Cho Weon-Dae
Published: December 2024

Unusual symptoms of Sclerotinia rot were observed in stringy stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum) plants cultivated in vinyl greenhouses in Icheon, Korea, during a disease survey conducted in March 2024. The symptoms were characterized as soft rot of stems and leaves at or above the soil line in the early stage. In the late stage, most of the diseased plants collapsed and rotted with white to grayish brown mycelia. Occasionally, black, spherical or irregular, small sclerotia formed on the stems and leaves of the diseased plants. The disease occurred in 1‒3% of the plants in three out of 20 surveyed vinyl greenhouses. Three isolates of Sclerotinia sp. were obtained from diseased stems and identified as Sclerotinia minor based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity of the S. minor isolates to stringy stonecrop plants was tested through artificial inoculation. The tested isolates induced Sclerotinia rot symptoms in the inoculated plants, which were similar to those observed in the disease survey. This study reveals that S. minor is one of the causal fungi of Sclerotinia rot in stringy stonecrop.
Genotype and Distribution of Erwinia pyrifoliae Isolated from 2020 to 2024 in Korea
Authors: Ham Hyeonheui , Lee Yong Hwan , Dong Suk Dong Suk
Published: December 2024

Black shoot blight in apple trees, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia pyrifoliae, was first reported in Korea in 1995 and has since been identified in the Netherlands and the United States, prompting recent research on differentiating this pathogen at the intraspecies level. To track its spread, 109 isolates collected in Korea from 2020 to 2024 were analyzed based on RsxC amino acid repeats. Three genotypes were identified: Rsx-1 (one repeat), Rsx-2 (two repeats), and Rsx-4 (four repeats), with Rsx-2 being the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis suggested Rsx-1 and Rsx-4 types differentiated from Rsx-2. Geographic distribution revealed Rsx-1 in Yeongju and Uljin in Gyeongbuk province, Rsx-2 in Gangwon, Gyeonggi, and Chungbuk provinces, and Rsx-4 in northern parts of Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces as well as Gyeongbuk province. These results demonstrate valuable observations into the genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and potential movement route prediction of E. pyrifoliae in apple trees.
Sensitivity and Specificity Assessment of Histopathology and GeneXpert in Diagnosing Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis at Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mohsin Rameesha , Ali Maratab , Siddique Mahwish , Zaheer Mohsin , Ambreen Atiqa , Khanum Hamail
Published: December 2024

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB), including Spinal Tuberculosis (STB), poses diagnostic challenges due to diverse clinical presentations and limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of Gene Xpert and histopathology in diagnosing EPTB at Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with EPTB between May 15th and October 15th, 2024, were analyzed. Gene Xpert and histopathology results were compared with Culture as the gold standard. Results: The study included 299 individuals, 61.2% of whom were females and 38.8% of whom were males. Gene Xpert demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.48% and specificity of 59.75%, while histopathology exhibited a sensitivity of 88.89% and specificity of 60.17%. Conclusion: Gene Xpert and histopathology were valuable tools for diagnosing EPTB, complementing traditional methods.
Frequency of Acute Kidney Injury among Neonates with Birth Asphyxia Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Atta Lyaba , Naeem Hamid , Syed Subhanullah , Zahoor Sikandar , Aqeel Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Perinatal asphyxia signifies a decrease in blood or oxygen supply to the fetus before, during, or following birth. This restriction of blood or oxygen during the time around birth can result in serious physiological and neurologic effects. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of acute kidney injury among neonates with birth asphyxia presenting at tertiary care hospitals from August 2023 to February 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive non-probability sampling technique. It was performed on 105-term neonates i.e., born during 37-42 weeks of gestation of either gender who presented with birth asphyxia. Statistical software (IBM SPSS 26) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean gestational age of the neonates was 39.55 ± 1.48 weeks, 49 (46.66%) were male while 56 (53.33%) were female patients. The prevalence of acute kidney injury in our population was 11 out of 105 (10.5%).  The incidence of acute kidney injury in mothers with preeclampsia is 5 (45.5%) and 6 (54.5%) for having no preeclampsia. For birth weight 1.9 to 2.5Kg 7(63.6%) we had Acute kidney injury while for those above 2.5 Kg only 4 (36.4%) had Acute kidney injury. 4 (36.4%) out of 11 acute kidney injury neonates had a gestational age of 37 to 39 weeks and 7 (63.6%) had more than 39 weeks’ gestational age. Conclusion: It was concluded that the frequency of acute kidney injury was 10.5% and no significant difference was found for other variables such as gestational age, and mode of delivery in mothers with preeclampsia history.
Assessment of Post-Operative Pain Score after Lichtenstein Repair of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Iqbal Atif , Bashir Jamshed , Memon Aijaz Hussain , Khowaja Mashooque Ali , Akhtar Naheed , Chugtai Aneeqa
Published: December 2024

The Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair has become the gold standard due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and low recurrence rates. Despite its benefits, post-operative pain remains a critical concern impacting patient recovery and satisfaction. Objective: To evaluate the post-operative pain experienced by patients undergoing Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study conducted at department of general surgery, Jinnah international hospital, Abbottabad from April 2023 to April 2024. 150 patients who were to undergo Lichtenstein hernia repair were included and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain at multiple time points: 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-operatively. Pain scores were assessed at rest and on movement along with patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. P-values of ≤0.05 will be considered significant. Results:  The mean age was 39.2±8.3 years. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.1±4.7 kg/m2. At 6 hours’ post-surgery, the mean pain scores were 4 ± 0.45, decreasing to 2.8 ± 0.31 24 hours and further to 2.1 ± 0.17 at 48 hours’ post-operation. By one week, the pain score had reduced to 1.8 ± 0.12. The pain score further reduced to 1.2 ± 0.25 at one month and 1.0 ± 0.58 at 3 months (p<0.01). Conclusion: Lichtenstein repair was effective in minimizing immediate post-operative discomfort. However, further investigations may be warranted to explore additional factors influencing pain outcomes
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Munawar Rana Zohaib , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal , Yousaf Muhammad Kamran , Mohsin Nabeel , Nawaz Kashif
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis B virus infection is a universal healthcare concern leading to the development of decompensated liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer and premature mortality. Likewise, metabolic syndrome caused by unhealthy lifestyle and poor eating habits further increases this risk. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Hepatitis B virus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was executed in the Medical Department of King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st August 2022 to 31st July 2023. A total of 200 patients with Hepatitis B virus infection were selected via a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Waist circumference, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and blood glucose levels were measured. Patients fulfilling 3 out of 5 criteria were labelled as having metabolic syndrome (MetS). Results: Out of 200 patients of Hepatitis B virus, 153 (76.5%) were male and 47 (23.5%) were female, 136 (68.0%) belonged to the age bracket of 18-40 years and 64 (32.0 %) in the 41-75 years’ age group. The mean age was calculated to be 38.79 ± 5.37 years, the mean BMI was 27.34 ± 5.49 kg/m2 and the duration of Hepatitis B virus infection was 8.84 ± 3.15 months. The prevalence of MetS was observed in 50 (25%) patients of Hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a significant proportion of metabolic syndrome among Hepatitis B virus-infected individuals.
Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Patients
Authors: Hamidi Mohammad Khalid , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal , Saeed Furqan , Fatima Tooba , Raffay Abdul
Published: December 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and has a high prevalence globally. The principal causes range from obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus and other endocrinopathies to drugs and certain metabolic disorders. Hypothyroidism associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has raised concerns over recent years but there is limited substantive data to support this evidence. Objective: To ascertain the existing prevalence of hypothyroidism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital.  Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was executed in the Medical Department of King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 30th July 2022 to 29th July 2023. A total of 215 patients with diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on ultrasound were enrolled after taking informed consent and their Thyroid profile i.e., measurement of serum thyroid stimulating hormone, free tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine was done. Results: From a total of 215 patients, 7 (3.3 %) belonged to the age bracket of 20-40 years and 208 (96.7 %) in the age range of 41-60 years with a female preponderance of 118 (54.9%) and male 97 (45.1%). Mean age was reported to be 50.79 ± 3.95 years and BMI was 23.09 ± 3.93 kg/m2.  The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was reported in 42 (19.5%) patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a high prevalence (19.5%) of hypothyroidism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.