bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution inventory to capture glacier disintegration in the Austrian Silvretta
Authors: Fischer Andrea , Schwaizer Gabriele , Seiser Bernd , Helfricht Kay , Stocker-Waldhuber Martin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A new high-resolution glacier inventory captures the rapid decay
of the glaciers in the Austrian Silvretta for the years 2017 and 2018.
Identifying the glacier outlines offers a wide range of possible
interpretations of glaciers that have evolved into small and now totally
debris-covered cryogenic structures. In previous inventories, a high
proportion of active bare ice allowed a clear delineation of the glacier
margins even by optical imagery. In contrast, in the current state of the
glacier only the patterns and amounts of volume change allow us to estimate
the area of the buried glacier remnants. We mapped the glacier outlines
manually based on lidar elevation models and patterns of volume change at 1
to 0.5 m spatial resolution. The vertical accuracy of the digital elevation models (DEMs) generated
from six to eight lidar points per square metre is of the order of
centimetres. Between 2004/2006 and 2017/2018, the 46 glaciers of the Austrian
Silvretta lost −29 ± 4 % of their area and now cover 13.1 ± 0.4 km2. This is only 32 ± 2 % of their Little Ice Age (LIA) extent of
40.9 ± 4.1 km2. The area change rate increased
from 0.6 %/yr (1969–2002) to −2.4 %/yr (2004/2006–2017/2018). The
Sentinel-2-based glacier inventory of 2018 deviates by just 1 % of the
area. The annual geodetic mass balance referring to the area at the
beginning of the period showed a loss increasing from −0.2 ± 0.1 m w.e./yr (1969–2002) to −0.8 ± 0.1 m w.e./yr (2004/2006–2017/2018)
with an interim peak in 2002–2004/2006 of −1.5 ± 0.7 m w.e./yr. To keep
track of the buried ice and its fate and to distinguish increasing debris
cover from ice loss, we recommend inventory repeat frequencies of 3 to 5 years and surface elevation data with a spatial resolution of 1 m.
Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 1: An introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory
Authors: Hart Edward , de Mello Elisha , Dwyer-Joyce Rob
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper is the first in a two-part study on lubrication in wind turbine main-bearings. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication is a complex field, the formulas and results from which should not be applied blindly, but with proper awareness and consideration of their context, validity and limitations in any given case. The current paper, “Part 1”, therefore presents an introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory in order to provide this necessary background and context in an accessible form, promoting cross-disciplinary understanding. Fundamental concepts, derivations and formulas are presented, followed by the more advanced topics of: starvation, dynamic effects, surface roughness interactions and grease lubrication. “Part 2” applies the presented material in order to analyse wind turbine main-bearing lubrication in the context of available film thickness formulas and related results from lubrication theory. Aside from the main-bearing, the material presented here is also applicable to other lubricated non-conformal contacts in wind turbines, including pitch and yaw bearings and gear-teeth.
Sartrean Freedom and Responsibility in Rousseau’s Emile
Authors: Enaya Beljun P. , Villaroya Al Franjon
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist interpretation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of education, or Emile. It aims to show the Sartrean concept of freedom and responsibility in understanding education, as shown in Emile and his tutor's narrative. It utilizes Sartre’s significant works, such as Being and Nothingness, and Existentialism is Humanism, in explicating the Sartrean concept in Rousseau's book, Emile. Existentialist hermeneutics helps the paper to re-interpret the text of Emile. It argues that Rousseau's philosophy of education, as demonstrated by Emile and his tutor, implicitly manifests absolute freedom and responsibility in the learning process. Thus, this paper provides a Sartrean existentialist perspective of understanding Rosseau's Emile.
Integrasi Nilai Anti Korupsi dalam Kurikulum Sekolah dengan Pendekatan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi
Authors: Wirabhakti Andhika
Published: October 2021

Strategi anti korupsi merupakan hal penting dalam membangun keberhasilan suatu lembaga kependidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas integrasi nilai anti korupsi dalam kurikulum sekolah dengan pendekatan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK). Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan yaitu itu dengan cara mengumpulkan data pustaka, atau penelitian yang obyek penelitiannya digali melalui beragam informasi kepustakaan (buku, ensiklopedi, jurnal ilmiah, koran, majalah, dan dokumen). Berdasarkan kajian ditemukan bahwa strategi anti korupsi dengan pendekatan Komisi Pemberantas Korupsi (KPK) dapat dilihat dari keberhasilan KPK dalam mencegah dan menindak tegas tanpa pandang bulu para koruptor yang ada di wilayah Negara di Indonesia. Adapun pengintegrasian nilai-nilai anti-korupsi dalam kurikulum sekolah diupayakan dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai anti korupsi di sekolah dengan beberapa alternatif model yang bisa digunakan yaitu model sebagai mata pelajaran tersendiri, model terintegrasi dalam semua mata pelajaran, model di luar pembelajaran, model pembudayaan dan pembiasaan nilai dalam seluruh aktivitas dan suasana sekolah dan terakhir model gabungan.
The Role of Universal Basic Income in Preventing and Ending Homelessness
Authors: Kerman Nick
Published: October 2021

There are growing calls for Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a means of reducing poverty and addressing the changing nature of work. UBI involves the provision of a cash payment to all adult citizens, which is sufficient to live on and either does not phase out as earnings increase or does so slowly for higher incomes. Despite many theorized benefits and beneficiaries of UBI, its implications for preventing and ending homelessness have not been explored. Accordingly, this article provides an overview on UBI and its evidence base, and then discusses how UBI could help to structurally prevent and end homelessness by reducing values-based exclusion in the provision of income supports, promoting choice in housing, facilitating workforce returns and buffering against automation job losses, and improving health and well-being. Like any transformative policy shift, there are also risks associated with UBI, which largely lie in the details of how it is designed and the political context in which it is implemented. Nevertheless, given its potential, now is the time to properly trial UBI as a structural intervention for preventing and ending homelessness.
Exploring the use of Hotels as Alternative Housing by Domestic Violence Shelters During COVID-19
Authors: Mantler Tara , Veenendaal Jill , Wathen C. Nadine
Published: October 2021

Domestic violence shelters present a unique context within the congregate living sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shelters supporting women during the pandemic had to change service delivery models to include housing women in hotels to adhere to government restrictions and ensure women, and their children, were not homeless. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of hotel use as alternative housing for women experiencing domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. We used interpretive description methodology, including in-depth interviews with 8 women using shelter services, 26 shelter workers and 5 focus groups with 24 executive directors of women’s shelters and other organizations who serve women who have experienced domestic violence. We identified and explored three main tensions in housing women at hotels compared to shelters: 1) autonomy/independence versus support, 2) a better option, the only option, and/or a safety concern, and 3) adequacy of hotels as housing. Drawbacks and benefits of the use of hotels as housing for women in the context of domestic violence are explored and recommendations are highlighted.
A laktációszám és a laktáció stádium hatása a tejmennyiségre, a nyers tehéntej összetételére és mikrobiológiai tulajdonságaira egy hazai tehenészeti telepen
Authors: Petróczki Flóra Mária , Béri Béla , Peles Ferenc
Published: October 2021

A tej összetételének és higiéniai tulajdonságainak változásai befolyásolják a termelői árat, ezért elengedhetetlen, hogy a felelős tejtermelő információt gyűjtsön ezen paraméterek különböző tényezők hatására bekövetkező változásairól. A szerzők a tanulmányukban arra keresik a választ, hogy tapasztalható-e változás a tehenek napi tejmennyiségében, illetve a nyers tehéntej összetételében (zsír- és fehérjetartalom) és mikrobiológiai tulajdonságaiban (szomatikus sejtszám, összcsíraszám, coliform- és S. aureus-szám) az egyszer és többször ellett teheneknél, illetve a laktációjuk különböző stádiumaiban. Egy hazai nagyüzemi tejtermelő telep adatai alapján megállapították, hogy a tej zsír- és fehérjetartalmában ugyan nem volt különbség, de a többször ellett teheneknél nagyobb volt a napi tejhozam, valamint az egyszer ellett tehenek tejéhez képest a tejben magasabb volt a szomatikus sejtszám és nagyobb mennyiségben fordultak elő coliform baktériumok. A napi tejmennyiség a laktáció egymást követő stádiumaiban csökkent, viszont a tej zsír- és fehérjetartalma növekedést mutatott, amely feltételezhetően a csökkenő tejmennyiség koncentráló hatásának tulajdonítható. A mikroorganizmusok telepszámában a laktáció különböző stádiumaiban nem tapasztaltak jelentős változást.
The UGC-CARE initiative: Indian academia's quest for research and publishing integrity
Authors: Patwardhan Bhushan , Nagarkar Shubhada
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the reasons for emergence of predatory publications in India, engendered by mandates of higher educational institutions: that require stipulated number of research publications for employment and promotions. Predatory journals have eclipsed the merits of open access publishing, compromised ethical practices, and left the research community groping for benchmarks of research integrity and publication ethics. To fight back the menace of predatory publications, University Grants Commission, India has established “Consortium for Academic Research and Ethics” (UGC-CARE) in 2018 to promote and benchmark research integrity and publication ethics among the Indian academia. The present paper discusses the UGC-CARE initiative, its structure, objectives and specifically, “UGC-CARE Reference List of Quality Journals” (UGC-CARE list) and finally, the challenges it faces.
АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕДЕ АҚПАРАТТЫ ҚОРҒАУДЫҢ ЖАЛПЫ ТАЛДАУ МӘСЕЛЕСІ
Authors: Басшықызы Динара
Published: October 2021

Бағдарламаны заңсыз көшіруден қорғалған деп есептейік, егер онда бағдарламаның өзін тексеруге мүмкіндік беретін бағдарлама көшірмесі барлық қажетті технологияны сақтай отырып жасалған ба, соны анықтау мақсатымен орындалады. Егер көшірмелерді құру технологиясы бұзылған болса, бағдарлама қалыпты жұмыс істей алмайды. Осылай заңды көшіру көшірме құрудың кейбір ерекше технологиясын қолдануға әкеледі. Қорғалған бағдарламаның кез келген көшірмесінің өзінде немесе ішкі файлында «кілт» болуы керек - бір немесе бірнеше кодтық сандар. Тексеру кезінде бағдарлама жұмыс ортасының бірқатар спецификалық белгілерін алдын - ала кодталған кілтпен салыстырады және салыстыру нәтижесі бойынша сәйкес белгіні құрастырады. Сонымен, бағдарлама көшірмесін құру аз: бұл көшірме жұмысқа қабілетті болуы үшін нақты компьютермен жұмысқа дайын кілтті беруі керек. Ақпаратты қорғау — ақпараттық қауіпсіздікті қамтамасыз етуге бағытталған шаралар кешені. Тәжірибе жүзінде ақпаратты қорғау деп деректерді енгізу, сақтау, өңдеу және тасымалдау үшін қолданылатын ақпарат пен қорлардың тұтастығын, қол жеткізулік оңтайлығын және керек болса, жасырындылығын қолдауды түсінеді. Сонымен, ақпаратты қорғау - ақпараттың сыртқа кетуінің, оны ұрлаудың, жоғалтудың, рұқсатсыз жоюдың, өзгертудің, маңызына тимей түрлендірудің, рұқсатсыз көшірмесін жасаудың, бұғаттаудың алдын алу үшін жүргізілетін шаралар кешені. Қауіпсіздікті қамтамасыз ету кезін қойылатын шектеулерді қанағаттандыруға бағытталған ұйымдастырушылық, программалық және техникалық әдістер мен құралдардан тұрады. Автоматтандырылған жүйенің ақпаратық қауіпсіздігіне қауіп дегеніміз – бұл АЖ өңдейтін ақпараттың конфиденциалдығы, тұтастығы мен қатынау қолайлығының бұзылуына әкеліп соғатын әсерлердің жүзеге асырылуы және де АЖ құраушыларының жоғалуына, жойылуы мен қызмет етуін тоқтатуына келтіретін мүмкіндігі.
КЕДЕРГІЛЕРДІ АНЫҚТАУДЫҢ ЛОКОМОТИВ ЖҮЙЕСІН ӘЗІРЛЕУ
Authors: Чигамбаев Темырбай , Құсман Нұрбол
Published: October 2021

Бұл мақалада маневрлік жұмысты жүзеге асыру кезінде локомотив машинисі үшін кедергілерді анықтау жүйесін іске асыру мүмкіндігі қарастырылады.

Жобаның мақсаты: кедергілерді автономды анықтау прототипін жасау арқылы автоматтандыруға қосқан үлесі арқылы теміржол көлігінің тиімділігі мен өткізу қабілетін арттыру.
Assessment of the nutritional pattern in frailty syndrome dependent institutionalized elderly
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Lupascu-Volentir Felicia , Soric Gabriela ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Popescu Ana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Negara Anatolie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Cosciug Elena ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Stoicova Irina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Background: Problems of nutritional status are widespread, of which malnutrition occurs more frequently in vulnerable groups of the population, especially in the low-income elderly, including the institutionalized elderly. Material and methods: The study was performed on a group of 50 participants over the age of 65, from the nursing home; the nutritional status was assessed according to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, the frailty syndrome (FS) was established based on Fried criteria and severity of FS – based on the Clinical Frailty Scale. The obtained data were statistically processed by using the “Statistica 6.0” software program. The difference was considered statistically significant with p <0.05. Results: The MNA score showed a positive correlation with reduced physical activity: r= 0.4*, between reduced physical activity and reduced walking speed: r= 0.66*, reduced physical activity and fatigue (lack of energy): r= 0.94* (p≤0.05). The cluster analysis revealed that against the background of the same food intake, body weight, mobility, neurological status can easily change, the phenomenon underlying the separation of the elderly in different clusters (1 and 2), while moderately low food intake in the last 3 months led to significantly reduced mobility, impaired neurological status (severe dementia or depression). Conclusions: This study reported that the elderly in the nursing home have an increased risk of malnutrition, being associated with nutritional pattern, such as: involuntary weight loss, the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders, decline in food consumption, affecting the quality of life.
Smoking as a method of coping for medical workers
Authors:   ", Grati Lilia ,   Ion Creanga",   State Pedagogical University, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Background: This article analyzes the professional stress at healthcare professionals (HCP), related to their job. Health care providers can serve as role models in promoting healthy lifestyles; however, HCP commitment to help individuals to quit smoking may be influenced by their own smoking behavior. Material and methods: In order to determine the level of perceptual stress, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) was applied, PSQ developed by Levenstein et al. In order to determine the level of addiction to smoking, the Fagerstorm nicotine addiction test was applied. The research was attended by 210 subjects from 5 medical institutions: doctors, nurses, and resident doctors. Confidentiality is maintained. Results: The doctors accumulated 32% on the scale of severe dependence, 8% moderate dependence and only 9% mild dependence, after calculating the score and interpreting the data. The resident doctors have accumulated the maximum score on the scale of mild dependence, 7% moderate dependence and only 3% severe dependence, which speaks of the fact that they are the youngest category of medical workers at the beginning of their careers and still do not have good defense mechanisms. The nurses, who represent 9% of the entire group of subjects, accumulated 0% on the scale of severe dependence, 8% moderate dependence and 1% mild dependence. Conclusions: Comparative data on smoking dependence levels in doctors of 32% according to the perceived stress level 71% confirm this. Stressed health workers are more likely to smoke, have different social problems and are males. The results of research have shown that the prevalence of smokers among health care professionals is high (51%), implying the ineffectiveness of the current government anti-tobacco strategy. Introducing new pillar – Harm Reduction in National Antismoking Action Plan, along with prevention, cessation and protection from second-hand smoking, can improve current smoking situation in general. It would be helpful to implement training programs about Tobacco Harm Reduction for healthcare workers to improve their ability in smoking cessation counselling techniques to provide active support to their patients.
HPV+ and HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by analysis of tumor microenviroment
Authors:   Institute of Oncology, Republic of Moldova, Brinza Dumitru
Published: October 2021

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are particularly aggressive epithelial tumors, that affect more than half a million patients worldwide each year. They represent a multi-factorial group of tumors caused by: alcohol, tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Over the last ten years the overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCCs remained ~40–50%, inspite of significant improvement in clinical outcome of many tumor types. There are recent data that claim how some of these cells fulfill a suppressive role in the antitumor immune response. It is interesting that new clinical studies demonstrated that HPV (+) HNSCCs were among tumors with the highest immune infiltrates, while HPV (-) presented a reduced number of immune infiltrating cells. Conclusions: Recent researches prove that tumor microenvironment of HNSCC has an important role in tumor progression, aggressivity, metastasis process, in addition to genetic aberrations and molecular alterations of cancer cells. New researches in stromal composition of the HNSCC may be useful in understanding of mechanisms of different responses to therapy, also can be used as a target for therapeutic purposes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, as well as their products found in neck squamous cell carcinoma significantly influence the biological properties of this tumor. Smoking is one of the risk factors of occurrence of most HPV-associated tumors. Promoting smoking cessation should become an essential contributor to the treatment of cancer in all oncologic pathologies. In cases when patients can’t quit smoking completely within the shortest possible period of time, doctors should focus on harm reduction strategies – tobacco harm reduction.
Vulnerability in the elderly
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Popescu Ana , Soric Gabriela ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Federiuc Victoria ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ojovanu Vitalie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Background: Aging process involves an increased risk for the development of vulnerability, because senescence is a process characterized by a multitude of changes that influence the living conditions and health of the individuals. In geriatrics, the term “vulnerability” implies a multidimensional aspect, among which, multimorbidity, functional incapacity, socio-economic and cognitive problems in the elderly. The main objective of the article is to systematize data from the literature through the analysis of the concept and prevalence of vulnerability, assessed by the score Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) in the elderly. For this purpose, publications from the database GoogleSearch, PubMed, Hinari, etc. were analyzed. The information was systematized, highlighting the main aspects of the contemporary vision of the last 5 years.A series of studies (USA, Brazil, etc.) revealed a high prevalence of vulnerability in the elderly according to the VES-13 score, it was estimated in respondents aged > 65 years, between 40-50% of cases were vulnerable people, with a score ≥ 3 p. The vulnerability of the elderly results from different conditions, correlated with each other, especially biological, social and genetic factors. There was a functional decline between 13 and 24% of cases, especially in the elderly over 75 years, and an association with health problems, mobility and low autonomy in over 50% of cases, with a poor quality of life and increased risk of institutionalization. Conclusions: Vulnerability assessment measures are important for identifying older people at high risk of deteriorating health, which is an important target for interdisciplinary intervention.
Hereditary thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Friptu Valentin , Mitryuk Diana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Popusoi Olga ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple studies have found a relatively increased risk of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in women with congenital thrombophilia, especially early recurrent pregnancy loss, fetal loss, early-onset preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature abruption of normally positioned placenta. However, the extent of the association and the absolute risk are very modest, but they significantly increase in pregnant women with severe obstetric complications. Conclusions: There is convincing evidence that deficiency of natural anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C, protein S) is a risk factor for late fetal loss. Factor V Leiden G1691A gene mutation and prothrombin G20210A gene mutation are associated with a double risk for early and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and for non-recurrent late fetal loss. The association of congenital thrombophilia with preeclampsia is much more uncertain, being probably limited factor V Leiden G1691A gene mutation and more severe cases of preeclampsia. Fewer data are available on intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature abruption of the normally positioned placenta. There is insufficient evidence to suggest an association of other forms of congenital thrombophilia with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, genetic and epidemiological research suggests that placenta-mediated pregnancy complications are of polygenic multifactorial etiology, with a risk determined by the interaction of multiple genetic variants and other risk factors.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF TWAK ACCORDING TO AYURVEDIC COMPENDIA W.S.R. TO PREVENTIVE ASPECTS OF SKIN DISEASE
Authors: Kawale Kshama
Published: October 2021

Now a days, people are comparatively much more conscious about their skin care as it’s a compulsory part of their personality building for this purpose people are using a number of products prepared chemically, which ultimately harms their skin cosmeceuticals are one of such product So, it is better to follow the herbal care for the skin, most herbal skin care product don’t have any side effects. Moreover herbal skin care drugs can be easily made at home, hence making them even more attractive, so herbal skin care is the way to go4. Hence, study of Ayurvedic drugs and the preventive aspects which describe skin care in Ayurvedic compendia is necessiated, which will help in curing various skin problems1 .
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome management with Ayurvedic prospective
Authors: Luharia Monika
Published: October 2021

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most serious medical conditions associated with pregnant women, particularly young women, and It is linked to miscarriage, erratic menstrual cycle, and a disturbed body mass index.  Disease incidence increases mostly day by day because of undisciplined living style, diet, depression, etc. This leads to both physical and mental disorders of the patient and, if not cared for and treated, can also lead to miscarriage or frequent abortion. PCOD is one of that condition which typically affects second or third decade of life in females. It is important to know thoroughly about this disease as modern science has no root cause cure to treat it even the treatment of modern science implicated leads to severe side effects and dependence on the drugs. PCOD is diagnosed in Ayurveda according to its presentation in so many ways like hetu, lakshana, dosha- dushya, samprapti, associated features of PCOS are closely resembling with vandhya yonivyapada, artava-vahastrotas- viddha lakshana, nastartava and ksheena- artava described by acharya Sushruta and pushpaghni jatharini and vikruta jatharini mentioned by acharya Kashyap.
“CONCEPT OF AGNI AND ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AMLAPITTA VYADHI : A REVIEW ”
Authors: Dr. Anuja Katkhede
Published: October 2021

The ancient system of Indian medical science Ayurveda describes various concepts related to physiological functioning and biological response. Agni is considered responsible for the digestive & metabolic functioning of the body. The digestion & assimilation of ingested food performed by the Agni which is very essential process for the growth and development of human body. Ayurveda emphasizes that all the diseases are the result of the weak state of Agni i.e. Mandagni. Improper functioning of Agni leads to various gastrointestinal disorders as well as various metabolic disturbances. Agni offers Arogya, Ayu, Bala, Swasthyam, Varnam, Utsaha, Ojha, Prabha,& Teja to the body which all resembles a healthy physical and mental state. Agni Dusthi is one of the causative factors for many diseases, therefore, Agni play important role towards understanding of disease pathogenesis, disease diagnosis, & setting of the treatment protocol. Amlapitta is a disease which is commonly found in almost all parts of the world. Peculiarities of this disease are, increased prevalence, vast field of manifestation of symptoms, requires prolonged dietetic control, if not treated in proper time, it may create major problems. Amlapitta is one of the commonest Vyadhi of Annavaha Strotas, caused by vitiated Agni. Amlapitta is a condition where Amla Guna of Pachak Pitta increases due to Samata.  The main principle of treatment of all diseases as per Ayurveda is to restore and to strengthen the Agni. This article emphasized the conceptual understanding of Agni & its role in the pathogenesis of Amlapitta Vyadhi.
The role of dviharidradi taila locally in the managment of mukhadushika w.s.r. to Acne vulgaris –a case study
Authors: Borutkar Sneha Z.
Published: October 2021

Acne vulgaris  is a common chronic disease involving blockage and /or inflammation of pilo sebaceous units.  The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and in extreme cases depression. It is the commonest dilemma associated with complexion and smoothness of skin .sometimes leading to major skin problems, which is characterized by macula, papulo, pustular eruption on the skin, especially on the face.  The role of diet and cigarette smoking in the condition is unclear and neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight appears to play a part. In both sexes, hormones called androgens appear to be part of the underlying mechanism, by causing increased production of sebum. In the Ayurvedic perspective Acne vulgaris  can be correlated with Mukhadushika . Mukhadushika is explained by Aacharya Sushruta under kshudra rogas and is considered as swatantra vyadhi in the ayurvedic literature. It is characterized by shalmali kantaka sadrusha pidika on the face. Mukhadushika is also called as Tarunya pitika. Tarunya pitika word itself says that it is pittikopatti in taurnya awastha due to some hormonal changes, up to limit it is normal but in excess, it becomes a reason for depression in a person. In Modern Era, physicians came across so many patients suffering from the disease, mukhadushika .The prevalence of mukhadushika increasing day by day due to their fast lifestyle, consumption of food, constipation,late-night sleep, fast food, cold drinks leads to an imbalance in doshas which in turn affects the body as well as mind.turns affects body as well as mind
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer
in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Khozhayev А. А. , Kaidarova D. R. , Dzhakipbaeva А. К. , Smagulova К. К. , Sadykova T. T. , Rubanova A. V. , Amanbekov N. A. , Kemelzhanov А. Т. , Tokbay A. B.
Published: October 2021

Relevance: Today, colorectal cancer is one of the
most important health issues in Kazakhstan and worldwide. Colorectal cancer leading positions in the general
structure of oncological pathologies force clinicians to develop
ways to improve its statistical indicators.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic
of Kazakhstan in 2010-2019.
Results: The article presents and analyzes the epidemiological indicators of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade. The incidence
trends were studied considering the territorial characteristics, early detection, and neglect indicators for this type
of malignant neoplasms in this country. We also analyzed the 5-year survival, one-year fatality, and mortality
rates for the studied period. Comprehensive comparative analysis of these epidemiological indicators made
it possible to visualize the results of many years of work
to improve oncological indicators and formulate further
improvement directions.
Conclusions: An analytical assessment of colorectal
cancer statistical indicators of over a decade showed an
increase in incidence, with some regions leading year to
year. However, such indicators as early detection, one-year fatality, and mortality from colorectal cancer have
improved.
Features of patients with tuberculosis from endangered contingents and high risk groups
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Lesnic Evelina , Malic Alina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Osipov Tatiana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Detection consists in the use of measures for the early identifi cation of suspects and requires radiological examination of the chest in patients from the high-risk groups, endangered contingents and groups designed by the pneumophthisiologists. The aim was to compare the particularities of patients from endangered contingents and high risk groups to optimize the early detection of tuberculosis. A retrospective, selective research was conducted on 166 patients distributed in the study group which included 48 cases from endangered contingents and the comparative group with 118 patients from high risk groups registered in Chisinau in 2018. Peculiarities of patients from endangered contingents was age younger 34 years, urban residence, completed level of the education, favorable socio-economic particularities, negative microbiological state and of those from high-risk groups: age older 45 years, social vulnerability, behaviors with risk, epidemiological factors, administrative barriers in accessing healthcare and positive microbiological status. Conclusion: despite the standard manmanagement, the patients from the endangered contingents have been successfully treated compared to the high risk groups, which demonstrates the need for a personalized approach to patients with aggravating characteristics.
Modern research about the personal image of the professor in the higher medical educational institution
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Etco Constantin , Fornea Iuliana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The problem concerns the image of personality in the work of psychologist in Romania (A. Neculau, I. Radu, A. Roşca, A. Tucicov-Bogdan), Russia (Г. М. Андреева, М. Р. Варданян, П. Власова, Е. Б. Перелыгина, Г. Г. Почепцов, В. М. Шепель, etc.) and in other countries (H. Berd, C. Boulding, D. Burstin, N. Chun, D. Iagher, O’Sullivan, A. Sampson, B. Sam, W. Doise, E. Goff man, etc.). The image of the personality is a very important dimensionsion to the complex social environment and vocational training, which has, found wide use and application in various fields’ human knowledge. EG 8 summary data values are very important for shaping a clear image of the teacher training High Medical School dynamics and certifi es that there is need to broaden the knowledge and skills development and efficient use of resources to optimize personal and professional attitude to personality university teachers image.
Some essential peculiarities of public health management in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Etco Constantin , Reabova Elizaveta ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Goma Ludmila ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Articolul prezintă unele aspecte economice ale managementului din sectorul sanitar. Un bun management constă în optimizarea acţiunilor medicale din punct de vedere fi nanciar, organizaţional şi al calităţii. Informaţia privind caracterul adecvat al utilizării resurselor ne permite să discutăm despre politicile de sănătate
Medical malpractice system in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Etco Constantin , Mecineanu Andrei ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

In this paper is discussed medical malpractice management system from the Republic of Moldova. In the Republic of Moldova is adopted the “fault system” which represents a tort litigation system. The Moldovan medical malpractice management system is analyzed from legal and normative framework, institutional framework, administrative issues, deterrence, fi nancing, compensation, costs occur to parties involved in malpractice cases, error reporting, etc. The Moldovan tort liability system is a “social insurance of a market society” where patients are compensated when the negligence of the healthcare providers is proved to be the cause of the injury. The results of the medical malpractice management system assessment demonstrated deficiencies in system organization and functioning, namely: lack of specifi c legislation to defi ne and regulate medical malpractice and medical civil liability, the concept of medical malpractice does not meet the requirements and standards of international doctrine, the approach of medical civil liability is incoherent from theoretical point of view and in consequence from the practical one, compulsoriness to follow the judicial track in order to establish medical malpractice and obtain compensation, existence of enormous fi nancial risks for the health care providers in the conditions of absence of medical malpractice insurance, lack of monitoring and evaluation system of medical errors.
The Economics, Management and Psychology in Medicine Association from Moldova − institutional member of ALASS
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Etco Constantin , Siscanu Dumitru ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

In the article the history of origine of the International Latin Association of Health Care System Analylis, its functions and different scientific problems which refl ect the health level of population in different countries, is presented. Besides of that, there are information about Association of the Republic of Moldova, which is a collective member from 2007 and it’s 4–8 persons make reports every year. There are given recommendations, how to become Personal or Collective Member of ALASS.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Siska Yulia , Yufiarti Yufiarti , Japar Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This  study  conducted  an  empirical  study  of  the  implementation  of  the  value  of  character education in social studies learning at  SDN 1 Gunung Terang, Bandarlampung. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design with content analysis techniques. Based on the results and discussion, it is stated that: 1) The process of  implementing the value of character education in SDN 1 Gunung Terang, Bandarlampung consists of the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages; and 2) The suitability of integrated thematic books with character education includes religious character, tolerance, discipline, creative, democratic, curiosity, national spirit, respect for achievement, friendship, enjoy reading, and care for the environment.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMPETENSI SOSIAL DALAM PROFESIONALISME PENDIDIK
Authors: Sureja Aji , Hendayani Santi , Budiarti Yesi
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research to describe how the social competence in professional of educators at SDN 1 Sinarmulya, Banyumas District, Pringsewu Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research. The informants used in this study were teachers of grades IV, V, and VI of SDN 1 Sinarmulya, Banyumas District, Pringsewu Regency. Data collection techniques used by researchers are observation and interviews. The technique of cheking the validity of the data is using source triangulation. The results of the study found that teacher at SDN 1 Sinarmulya have good social competence, especially in the indicators of communicating effectively, which are the indicators most mastered by teachers. Teachers at SD N 1 Sinarmulya have good social competence in acting and acting objectively, teachers at SD N 1 Sinarmulya have good social competence in adapting to the environment, teachers at SD N 1 Sinarmulya have good social competence in empathy and courtesy in communicating.
Pre-menstrual syndrome among the general female population of Saudi Arabia: Are there any Opportunities for Pharmacist’s involvement in patients education?
Authors: Kandasamy Geetha
Published: October 2021

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects up to 20% of reproductive-aged women and contribute to marked impairment of interpersonal or workplace performance in about 3-8%. Thus, a study was conducted to find out the frequency of PMS in Saudi female population using modified Moos menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ) and assess the severity of emotional, physical, and behavioural symptoms. Method: The pharmacists-led cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from January to April 2020 among the female population in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. The study questionnaire was first distributed to university students and was requested to pass it on to their family members and others. Results: There was a total of 383 public responded to our study, whereas 60 responses were excluded due to incomplete data. Among the respondents, majority were between the age group of 21¬ to 25 years (n=167; 51.7%), students (n=209; 64.7%), single (n=224; 69.3%). Most of the respondents in all age groups experienced any one of these PMS ranging from moderate to severe intensity. Under every domain of the PMS, most reported severe mood swing as the negative effects by 121 (37.5%); in cognitive symptoms, mild lack of concentration by 117 (36.2%); in fluid retention, breast pain by 101 (31.3%); in behaviour change, mild lack of performance by 111 (34.4%); in somatic symptoms, severe body aches by 132 (40.9%); and in autonomic reactions, mild sweats by 81 (25.1%), respondents. Among the respondents, negative effects, behaviour change, and somatic symptoms were commonly seen with varying intensity which was ranging from 15.5% to 37.5%, 9.9% to 34.4%, and 14.2% to 40.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A considerable high prevalence of PMS was found among the study population. Healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involvement is highly required to conduct health education and awareness programs, and counselling services for female population on symptoms of PMS and prevention through lifestyle modification.
Natural Potential Inhibitors for Covid 19 – An Insilico Approach
Authors: Arockia Raj A. Anto , J. Vinnarasi
Published: October 2021

In 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - associated with coronavirus is a new highly pathogenic human coronaviruses that emerged in china and has quickly spread all over the world. The mortality rate is about 26% globally. This has resulted in an urgent need to identify antiviral drugs that are active against SARS-Covid -19. Several compounds extracted from natural product and herbs exhibit antiviral activity. In the present study, eight compounds from natural products and five antiviral drugs have selected and docked against SARS-CoV-2. Curcuminoid are chief constituent of turmeric, has been used as a food additive and herbal increment due to its potential medicinal behavior. Curcumin has shown better antiviral effect against dengue, hepatitis C, zika and chikungunya viruses earlier. The molecular docking for exploring the binding abilities between naturally obtained known compounds comparable with Oseltamivir, Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, Zanamivir and Ribavirin against SARS-CoV-2, whose results may be used to design potential drug to meet out the need of the hour. The results showed that bismethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and gedunin have comparable high binding pose energies against SARS-CoV-2. We anticipate that these molecules may lead to the design or discovery of new effective actions for SARS-CoV-2.
The special techniques for Semen analysis and preparation
Authors: AL-Nawab Nabaa Afeef A. , Hasan Ali Israa , Jassim AL-Khafaji Lobna Kadim
Published: October 2021

Infertility can be detected when the couples have not completed pregnancy after a year or more of normal coitus. So, in order to treat infertility, there are many supported reproductive techniques are in practice. The success rate of these techniques depends upon the way by which preparation of the paternal semen sample. Over the past 30 years, the manual has been standard as providing global standards and has been used extensively by research and clinical laboratories throughout the world. The spermatozoa of all placental (eutherian) mammals, including humans, are in a protective, no labile formal at ejaculation and are incapable of fertilization even if they are placed in direct contact with an oocyte. Accordingly, they must undergo a subsequent period of final maturation. during which they acquire the capacity to interact with the oocyte cumulus complex and achieve fertilization. In this article we tried to explain the most important analysis and techniques necessary for semen preparation to produce healthy and normal offspring.
The Cytotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Allium cepa L. on Hela Cell Lines
Authors: Proboningrat Annise , Jayanti Shara , Fadholly Amaq , Ansori Arif N. M. , Putri Naimah , Kusala Muhammad K. J. , Sudjarwo Sri A. , Rantam Fedik A. , Achmad Agung Budianto
Published: October 2021

Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiovascular diseases. One of the conventional modalities for cancer treatment is chemotherapy. However, it has many side effects and complications. Therefore, the search for novel drug candidates from natural ingredients that are more effective and have minimal side effects is critical. This study is aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract on human cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test procedure was performed using MTT assay against HeLa cells. The result revealed that Allium cepa L. ethanolic extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with IC50 of 900.88 µg/ml. Further research into Allium cepa L. is required to isolate and identify its components and determine their potential as new agents against HeLa cells.
The Effect of Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) on Kinetic activity and histology of Livers and Kidneys in Albino Mice
Authors: Mohamad Ban Jasim , Zghair Faeza Aftan
Published: October 2021

Pseudoephedrine (PSE) or (Sudafed) is one of the sympathomimetic group of drugs (ephedrine, PSE and amphetamines) which effects cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. However, only little researches had supported its effect on solid abdominal organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of different doses of Sudafed in the liver and kidney of albino mice. The current study included 18 albino mice grouped into 2 groups: control (3 mice), and acute group (15 mice). The acute group was further subdivided into 5 subgroups, each subgroup of 3mice wasgiven a lonely intaperitonial injection of 0.3ml of the following conc. (500mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 125mg/kg, 62.52mg/kg, and 31.24mg/kg) for 24hrs. After the mentioned period, the mice of all subgroups were sacrificed and the livers and kidneys were removed, processed, sectioned and stained for histological analysis. Results of liver analysis using 500mg/Kg Sudafed intraperitoneallyshowed mild ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and central vein congestion, while lower doses (250mg/Kg – 31.42mg/Kg) revealed less prominent effect or no significant pathological changes.Moreover, sections from the kidney with the 500mg/Kg Sudafed intraperitoneally showed mild hydropic swelling of tubular epithelium with congestion of intertubular blood vessels and relatively healthy glomeruli. Lower doses revealed no significant pathological changes. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated various pathological effects of PSE on kinetic activity, and histology of Livers and Kidneys of albino mice.
Prevalance and role of Melatonin on PCOS in its treatment using Herbal Drugs
Authors: Ahamed Safeeq , M. Sumitra , V. Chitra
Published: October 2021

The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a convoluted endocrine disorder of the reproductive system which influences several girls with puberty and 6-8% of germinating women in endemic populations and displays a wide spectrum of clinical phenomenon. This disorder was first reported in 1935 as a synthetic clinical error for its associations with high androgen levels, hyperinsulinemia, and PCOS. The pineal hormone melatonin is known to regulate a mixture of central and peripheral actions related to circadian rhythms. It is a pleiotropic fragment, which plays a vital role in female reproduction as a capable free radical hunter and involves many gynecological and obstetrical pathology. PCOS is a compound condition for which the symptoms are irregular, and the cause is anonymous. Herbal products like Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Kumari (Aloe vera), Tvaka (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Mostly the Ayurvedic drugs used for the PCOS, all are Vata-kapha shamaka. Neurological associated in pcos is still in the platform of research, no drugs melatonin an important modulator in pcos can be concentrated to cure pcos. Melatonin might be effective against neurological associate pcos. In ayurvedic way of treatment it can be cured with several natural drugs.