bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and incidence of lung cancer in a population based cohort of common data model in Korea
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwa , Chun Kwang Jin , Park Jungchan , Kim Jinseob , Sung Ji Dong , Park Rae Woong , Choi Jinwook , Yang Kwangmo
Published: September 2021

Contradictory findings exist about association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) with lung cancer development. This was a retrospective observational cohort study that used data from 7 hospitals in Korea, converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. The primary outcome was occurrence of lung cancer. A total of 207,794 patients across the 7 databases was included in the final analysis; 33,230 (16%) were prescribed ACEi and 174,564 (84%) were prescribed ARB. Crude analysis adjusted for sex and age showed higher incidence of lung cancer in the ACEi group compared to the ARB group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence rate [CI], 1.08–1.97). After propensity-score matching, 30,445 pairs were generated, and there was no difference in incidence of lung cancer between the two groups (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.64–1.35). Patients prescribed ACEi showed no difference in incidence of lung cancer development compared to those using ARB. This finding provides evidence on the association between ACEi and occurrence of lung cancer.
Biopsy bacterial signature can predict patient tissue malignancy
Authors: Hogan Glenn , Eckenberger Julia , Narayanen Neegam , Walker Sidney P. , Claesson Marcus J. , Corrigan Mark , O’Hanlon Deirdre , Tangney Mark
Published: September 2021

Considerable recent research has indicated the presence of bacteria in a variety of human tumours and matched normal tissue. Rather than focusing on further identification of bacteria within tumour samples, we reversed the hypothesis to query if establishing the bacterial profile of a tissue biopsy could reveal its histology / malignancy status. The aim of the present study was therefore to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant fresh breast biopsy specimens, collected specifically for this purpose, based on bacterial sequence data alone. Fresh tissue biopsies were obtained from breast cancer patients and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Progressive microbiological and bioinformatic contamination control practices were imparted at all points of specimen handling and bioinformatic manipulation. Differences in breast tumour and matched normal tissues were probed using a variety of statistical and machine-learning-based strategies. Breast tumour and matched normal tissue microbiome profiles proved sufficiently different to indicate that a classification strategy using bacterial biomarkers could be effective. Leave-one-out cross-validation of the predictive model confirmed the ability to identify malignant breast tissue from its bacterial signature with 84.78% accuracy, with a corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.888. This study provides proof-of-concept data, from fit-for-purpose study material, on the potential to use the bacterial signature of tissue biopsies to identify their malignancy status.
Combined assessment of the GAP index and body mass index at antifibrotic therapy initiation for prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Suzuki Yuzo , Mori Kazutaka , Aono Yuya , Kono Masato , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Yokomura Koshi , Naoi Hyogo , Hozumi Hironao , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Nakamura Hidenori , Suda Takafumi
Published: September 2021

Antifibrotic therapy (AFT) slows disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) index, was developed based on data at IPF diagnosis before the introduction of AFT and has not been evaluated in the AFT context. Further, recent advances have revealed the importance of body-composition factors in prognosis of IPF treated with AFT. This multi-centre, retrospective study aimed to evaluate the GAP index and body mass index (BMI) at the time of AFT initiation for predicting prognosis in patients with IPF. This study included two patient cohorts of IPF receiving AFT, Hamamatsu cohort (n = 110) and Seirei cohort (n = 119). The distribution of GAP stages I, II, and III was 38.2%, 43.6%, and 18.2%, respectively, in Hamamatsu cohort; in Seirei cohort, it was 41.2%, 50.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. In both cohorts, the GAP index distinctly classified prognosis into three groups (log-rank test). Interestingly, a lower BMI showed prognostic value independent of the GAP index in multivariate analyses. Subsequently, combining the GAP index with BMI at AFT initiation successfully divided the patients with IPF into four distinct prognoses. Assessment of the GAP index and BMI measurement at AFT initiation are important for predicting prognosis in patients with IPF.
Visual exploration dynamics are low-dimensional and driven by intrinsic factors
Authors: Zangrossi Andrea , Cona Giorgia , Celli Miriam , Zorzi Marco , Corbetta Maurizio
Published: September 2021

When looking at visual images, the eyes move to the most salient and behaviourally relevant objects. Saliency and semantic information significantly explain where people look. Less is known about the spatiotemporal properties of eye movements (i.e., how people look). We show that three latent variables explain 60% of eye movement dynamics of more than a hundred observers looking at hundreds of different natural images. The first component explaining 30% of variability loads on fixation duration, and it does not relate to image saliency or semantics; it approximates a power-law distribution of gaze steps, an intrinsic dynamic measure, and identifies observers with two viewing styles: static and dynamic. Notably, these viewing styles were also identified when observers look at a blank screen. These results support the importance of endogenous processes such as intrinsic dynamics to explain eye movement spatiotemporal properties.
Discovery of a small protein-encoding cis-regulatory overlapping gene of the tumor suppressor gene Scribble in humans
Authors: Nomura Yuhta , Dohmae Naoshi
Published: September 2021

Intensive gene annotation has revealed many functional and regulatory elements in the human genome. Although eukaryotic protein-coding genes are generally transcribed into monocistronic mRNAs, recent studies have discovered additional short open reading frames (sORFs) in mRNAs. Here, we performed proteogenomic data mining for hidden proteins categorized into sORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) in human cancers. We identified a new SEP-encoding overlapping sORF (oORF) on the cell polarity determinant Scribble (SCRIB) that is considered a proto-oncogene with tumor suppressor function in Hippo-YAP/TAZ, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Reanalysis of clinical human proteomic data revealed translational dysregulation of both SCRIB and its oORF, oSCRIB, during carcinogenesis. Biochemical analyses suggested that the translatable oSCRIB constitutively limits the capacity of eukaryotic ribosomes to translate the downstream SCRIB. These findings provide a new example of cis-regulatory oORFs that function as a ribosomal roadblock and potentially serve as a fail-safe mechanism to normal cells for non-excessive downstream gene expression, which is hijacked in cancer.
Nuclear-driven production of renewable fuel additives from waste organics
Authors: Plant Arran George , Kos Bor , Jazbec Anže , Snoj Luka , Najdanovic-Visak Vesna , Joyce Malcolm John
Published: September 2021

Non-intermittent, low-carbon energy from nuclear or biofuels is integral to many strategies to achieve Carbon Budget Reduction targets. However, nuclear plants have high, upfront costs and biodiesel manufacture produces waste glycerol with few secondary uses. Combining these technologies, to precipitate valuable feedstocks from waste glycerol using ionizing radiation, could diversify nuclear energy use whilst valorizing biodiesel waste. Here, we demonstrate solketal (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl) and acetol (1-hydroxypropan-2-one) production is enhanced in selected aqueous glycerol-acetone mixtures with γ radiation with yields of 1.5 ± 0.2 µmol J−1 and 1.8 ± 0.2 µmol J−1, respectively. This is consistent with the generation of either the stabilized, protonated glycerol cation (CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH2+ ) from the direct action of glycerol, or the hydronium species, H3O+, via water radiolysis, and their role in the subsequent acid-catalyzed mechanisms for acetol and solketal production. Scaled to a hypothetically compatible range of nuclear facilities in Europe (i.e., contemporary Pressurised Water Reactor designs or spent nuclear fuel stores), we estimate annual solketal production at approximately (1.0 ± 0.1) × 104 t year−1. Given a forecast increase of 5% to 20% v/v% in the renewable proportion of commercial petroleum blends by 2030, nuclear-driven, biomass-derived solketal could contribute towards net-zero emissions targets, combining low-carbon co-generation and co-production.
Viscoelastic behavior of chemically fueled supramolecular hydrogels under load and influence of reaction side products
Authors: Kretschmer Martin , Winkeljann Benjamin , Kriebisch Brigitte A. K. , Boekhoven Job , Lieleg Oliver
Published: September 2021

About ten years ago, chemically fueled systems have emerged as a new class of synthetic materials with tunable properties. Yet, applications of these materials are still scarce. In part, this is due to an incomplete characterization of the viscoelastic properties of those materials, which has – so far – mostly been limited to assessing their linear response under shear load. Here, we fill some of these gaps by comparing the viscoelastic behavior of two different, carbodiimide fueled Fmoc-peptide systems. We find that both, the linear and non-linear response of the hydrogels formed by those Fmoc-peptides depends on the amount of fuel driving the self-assembly process – but hardly on the direction of force application. In addition, we identify the concentration of accumulated waste products as a novel, so far neglected parameter that crucially affects the behavior of such chemically fueled hydrogels. With the mechanistic insights gained here, it should be possible to engineer a new generation of dynamic hydrogels with finely tunable material properties that can be tailored precisely for such applications, where they are challenged by mechanical forces.
Correction: Development of ultrasensitive and As(iii)-selective upconverting (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) platform
Authors: Duhan Suman , Sahoo Kedar , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Development of ultrasensitive and As(iii)-selective upconverting (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) platform’ by Suman Duhan et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 6378–6387, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00717J.
The fate of oxygen on graphene-catalyst in the photocatalytic water splitting reaction
Authors: Wang Jun , Peng Zhenbo , Zhu Kaili , Xu Mengqiu , Tao Ting , Jia Dongmei , Jia Gan , Wang Yikang , Ye Wei , Wu Wenbo , Gao Peng
Published: September 2021

This paper reveals the transformation of oxygen on graphene in the water splitting process and for the first time, points out a step by step dehydrogenation process with the intermediates OH–C and O–C, and finally CO2.
Novel synthesis of a NiMoP phosphide catalyst via carbothermal reduction for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ding Wei , Yao Zhiwei , Na Sun , Wang Zhimeng , Yan Shi , Wang Liming
Published: September 2021

NiMoP-Glu with small particle size and an appropriate carbon content showed higher catalytic activity and stability than NiMoP-H2.
Nano-geometric deformation and synergistic Co nanoparticles—Co-N4 composite sites for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyang , Yang Jian , Yan Wei , Han Yu , Qu Ximing , Yin Shuhu , Chen Chi , Ji Ruiyi , Li Yanrong , Li Guang , Li Gen , Jiang Yanxia , Sun Shigang
Published: September 2021

Co single-atom (CoSA) catalysts of the CoN4 moiety usually show an unsatisfactory oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity due to poor O2 activation.
The rejection of perfluoroalkyl substances by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis: influencing factors and combination processes
Authors: Xiong Jiaqing , Hou Yushi , Wang Jiaxuan , Liu Zhe , Qu Ying , Li Zhengyang , Wang Xinhui
Published: September 2021

This paper reviewed the various factors affecting the removal of PFASs from water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
Inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-acute myocardial infarction through the efficient delivery of microRNA-24 by silica nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Hong , Li Yi , Zhang Ruirui , Shen Mengchen , Zhu Yuting , Zhang Qiang , Liu Huiliang , Han Dong , Shi Xiaoli , Zhang Jiao
Published: September 2021

Silica nanoparticles, being easily surface-functionalized and suitable for carrying miRNA-24 which downregulated in cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction.
Proton-insertion-pseudocapacitance of tungsten bronze tunnel structure enhanced by transition metal ion anchoring
Authors: Zhao Siwei , Dong Chenlong , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2021

Transition metal ions are anchored into the tunnel structure. The d-filling metal ions shift down O 2p band center, thus alleviating O–H interaction and facilitating proton desorption. The specific capacitance of Zn2+-anchored WO3 reaches 202% of pristine WO3.
Uncovering the encapsulation effect of reduced graphene oxide sheets on the hydrogen storage properties of palladium nanocubes
Authors: Koh Jinseok , Choi Eunho , Sakaki Kouji , Kim Daeho , Han Seung Min , Kim Sangtae , Cho Eun Seon
Published: September 2021

Pd nanocubes are constrained by rGO sheets to significantly change the hydrogen sorption behaviour, while showing a size dependence.
Synthetic azobenzene-containing metal–organic framework ion channels toward efficient light-gated ion transport at the subnanoscale
Authors: Qian Tianyue , Zhao Chen , Wang Ruoxin , Chen Xiaofang , Hou Jue , Wang Huanting , Zhang Huacheng
Published: September 2021

A light-gated sub-1 nm ion channel is fabricated by growing azobenzene (AZO)-containing mixed-ligand UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) in a nanochannel. Light-induced conformational change of AZO efficiently controls ion flux through MOF channels.
Stable field-emission from a CeB6 nanoneedle point electron source
Authors: Tang Shuai , Tang Jie , Wu Yimeng , Chen You-Hu , Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Qin Lu-Chang
Published: September 2021

A single CeB6 nanoneedle structure has been fabricated using a focused ion beam (FIB) and it shows an excellent field emission current stability as well as a single emission spot.
Correction: SERS-based nanostrategy for rapid anemia diagnosis
Authors: Muhammad Pir , Hanif Sumaira , Yan Jiliang , Rehman Fawad Ur , Wang Jiefei , Khan Maqbool , Chung Roger , Lee Albert , Zheng Meng , Wang Yuling , Shi Bingyang
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘SERS-based nanostrategy for rapid anemia diagnosis’ by Pir Muhammad et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 1948–1957, DOI: 10.1039/C9NR09152A.
Molecular platforms based on biocompatible photoreactions for photomodulation of biological targets
Authors: Zhu Chenghong , Kou Tianzhang , Kadi Adnan A. , Li Jinbo , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we summarize molecular platforms based on ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) or near-infrared (NIR) photoreactions. Recent applications for spatiotemporal photomodulation of various biomolecules in living objects are also discussed.
Renewable and recyclable covalent adaptable networks based on bio-derived lipoic acid
Authors: Alraddadi Maher A. , Chiaradia Viviane , Stubbs Connor J. , Worch Joshua C. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: September 2021

Lipoic acid provides a modular and bio-sourced platform from which the create covalent adaptable network materials.
In situ synthesis of oxidized MXene-based metal cobalt spinel nanocomposites for an excellent promotion in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Li Keding , Liao Jun , Huang Siqi , Lei Yuqing , Zhang Yong , Zhu Wenkun
Published: September 2021

Oxidized MXene-supported MCo2O4 (oxidized MXene/MCo2O4, M = Mn, Zn, Cu and Co) nanocomposites with an excellent catalytic performance for AP decomposition were successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal assisted calcination method.
Pillararene for fluorescence detection of n-alkane vapours
Authors: Feng Xiying , Wu Jinyi , Liao Peisen , Guo Jing , Li Zhiwei , Lin Ruizhu , Chi Zhenguo , Zhang Jianyong , James Stuart L.
Published: September 2021

Pillar[5]arenes display aggregation-induced emission and show significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity and reduction in transparency towards n-alkane vapours.
Bioinspired cyclization of in situ generated γ-indolyl β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters via an oxidative enamine process: facile approaches to pyrano[2,3-b]indoles
Authors: Wang Man , Xiang Qirui , Si Wen , Song Ran , Yang Daoshan , Li Ming , Lv Jian
Published: September 2021

A bioinspired cyclization of in situ generated γ-indolyl β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with an oxoammonium salt via an oxidative enamine process has been developed.
Improved performance of a samarium-doped ceria interlayer of intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells by doping the transition metal oxide Fe2O3
Authors: Qu Yanmei , Yu Ji , Tian Ning , Shen Hai
Published: September 2021

Improving the ionic conductivity of the SDC interlayer in an SOEC by doping Fe2O3 can reduce the polarization resistance of the oxygen electrode and enhance the performance of the SOEC.
Fly ash-, foundry sand-, clay-, and pumice-based metal oxide nanocomposites as green photocatalysts
Authors: Son Bui Thanh , Long Nguyen Viet , Nhat Hang Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2021

This review highlights recent advances in the utilization of natural materials (clay mineral and pumice)- and waste materials (ash and foundry sand)-based metal oxide nanocomposites for photodegradation of various pollutants.
A bio-based phosphaphenanthrene-containing derivative modified epoxy thermosets with good flame retardancy, high mechanical properties and transparency
Authors: Peng Wei , Xu Yu-xuan , Nie Shi-bin , Yang Wei
Published: September 2021

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received huge interest for improving the flame retardant behavior of epoxy resins (EP) over the past few decades.
Correction: Pickering-emulsion-templated synthesis of 3D hollow graphene as an efficient oil absorbent
Authors: Pohan Nurul Aqilah , Wahid Mohd Haniff , Zainal Zulkarnain , Ibrahim Nor Azowa
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Pickering-emulsion-templated synthesis of 3D hollow graphene as an efficient oil absorbent’ by Nurul Aqilah Pohan et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 3963–3971. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09265G.
Understanding the origin of structure sensitivity in hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene on a palladium catalyst
Authors: Shenoy Chaitra S. , Khan Tuhin S. , Verma Kirti , Tsige Mesfin , Jha Kshitij C. , Haider M. Ali , Gupta Shelaka
Published: September 2021

Mechanistic understanding on the origin of structure sensitivity in the hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene.
Photocatalytic activity of undoped and Mn- and Co-doped TiO2 nanocrystals incorporated in enamel coatings on stainless steel
Authors: Diego-Rucabado Andrea , Candela Marina T. , Aguado Fernando , González Jesús , Gómez Eugenio , Valiente Rafael , Cano Israel , Martín-Rodríguez Rosa
Published: September 2021

New catalysts composed of undoped and transition metal-doped TiO2 nanocrystals incorporated in enamels on stainless steel show potential applications for pollutant photodegradation.
Let's frame it differently – analysis of instructors’ mechanistic explanations
Authors: Eckhard Julia , Rodemer Marc , Langner Axel , Bernholt Sascha , Graulich Nicole
Published: September 2021

Research in Organic Chemistry education has revealed students’ challenges in mechanistic reasoning. When solving mechanistic tasks, students tend to focus on explicit surface features, apply fragmented conceptual knowledge, rely on rote-memorization and, hence, often struggle to build well-grounded causal explanations. When taking a resource perspective as a lens, students’ difficulties may arise from either an unproductive or a missing activation of cognitive resources. Instructors’ explanations and their guidance in teaching situations could serve as a lynchpin to activate these resources. Compared to students’ challenges in building mechanistic explanations in Organic Chemistry, little is known about instructors’ explanations when solving mechanistic tasks and how they shape their targeted explanations for students in terms of the construction and embedding of cause–effect rationales. This qualitative study aims to contribute to the growing research on mechanistic reasoning by exploring instructors’ explanatory approaches. Therefore, we made use of the framing construct, intended to trigger certain frames with explicit instruction. Ten Organic Chemistry instructors (university professors and lecturers) were asked to solve case comparison tasks while being prompted in two scenarios: an expert frame and a teaching frame. Our analysis shows that there is a shift from instructors’ mechanistic explanations in the expert frame towards more elaborated explanations in the teaching frame. In the teaching frame, contrary to what might be expected, complete cause–effect relationships were not always established and instructors differed in how they shaped their explanations. Additional explanatory elements were identified in both frames and their shift in use is discussed. Comparing approaches between frames sheds light on how instructors communicate mechanistic explanations and allows us to derive implications for teaching Organic Chemistry.
Stress response decay with aging visualized using a dual-channel logic-based fluorescent probe
Authors: Tian Jingye , Shi Donglei , Zhang Yanhui , Li Xiaokang , Li Xinming , Teng Hao , James Tony D. , Li Jian , Guo Yuan
Published: September 2021

Rather than tracking aging using the resting state, ROKS, an optical probe, was developed for evaluating the degree of aging dynamically by precisely monitoring the stress response of individuals under stress.
A simple simulation model for complex coacervates
Authors: Bobbili Sai Vineeth , Milner Scott T.
Published: September 2021

Coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to demonstrate the phase behavior in polyelectrolyte complex coacervates.
Characterising shear-induced dynamics in flowing complex fluids using differential dynamic microscopy
Authors: Richards James A. , Martinez Vincent A. , Arlt Jochen
Published: September 2021

We show how DDM measures microscopic dynamics in oscillatory or steady shear flows and use the technique to explore the yielding of a concentrated emulsion.
Dynamic bonds enable high toughness and multifunctionality in gelatin/tannic acid-based hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Hui Jie , Wang Xinyi , Wang Lini , Sun Tao Lin , Dang Xugang , King Daniel R. , You Xiangyu
Published: September 2021

An extremely tough and stiff hydrogel was constructed from gelatin and tannic acid. The hydrogen bonds that exist with the gel possess a wide distribution of strengths that enable multifunctionality of the gel.
A mechanically robust and high-wettability multifunctional network binder for high-loading Li–S batteries with an enhanced rate property
Authors: Yu Di , Zhang Qian , Liu Jie , Guo Ziyang , Wang Lei
Published: September 2021

A robust network binder with high wettability to the electrolyte has been constructed to maintain the mechanical stability and promote the Li-ion transport of high-loading sulfur cathodes.
Hydrogenation of TiO2 nanosheets and nanoparticles: typical reduction stages and orientation-related anisotropic disorder
Authors: Zheng Peiru , Zhang Lishu , Zhang Xingfan , Ma Yingjie , Qian Junping , Jiang Yanyan , Li Hui
Published: September 2021

Nanostructured black TiO2 materials prepared through a hydrogenation process have evoked significant interest in solar energy harvesting and conversion technologies due to their strong light absorption and utilization performances.
Ge 4s2 lone pairs and band alignments in GeS and GeSe for photovoltaics
Authors: Smiles Matthew J. , Skelton Jonathan M. , Shiel Huw , Jones Leanne A. H. , Swallow Jack E. N. , Edwards Holly J. , Murgatroyd Philip A. E. , Featherstone Thomas J. , Thakur Pardeep K. , Lee Tien-Lin , Dhanak Vinod R. , Veal Tim D.
Published: September 2021

GeS and GeSe with Ge 4s2 lone pairs shown in the structure and observed at the top of the valence band using hard and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory.
Heterojunction interfacial promotion of fast and prolonged alkali-ion storage of urchin-like Nb2O5@C nanospheres
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Cheng Jingyun , Li Kai , Li Chuanqi , Zhang Shuo , Pei Xiangdong , Niu Zhulin , Liu Zhongyi , Fu Yongzhu , Li Dan
Published: September 2021

The heterojunction interface presents strong electronic coupling interaction to boost the sodium/potassium ion diffusion and enrich the active sites for ion adsorption, which enables Nb2O5@C to achieve excellent electrochemical performances.
Fast and self-recoverable photoinduced deformation behavior of azobenzene-containing poly(arylene ether)s with binaphthalene groups
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Zhao Xue , Yuan Jianhang , An Xialei , Sun Xuefang , Yi Jie , Song Xi-Ming
Published: September 2021

The azobenzene-containing poly(arylene ether)s with binaphthalene groups showed fast and self-recoverable photoinduced deformation behavior, which has not been reported.
Design for mass customisation, design for manufacturing, and design for supply chain: A review of the literature
Authors: Hou Shixuan , Gao Jie , Wang Chun
Published: September 2021

This survey provides a review of the fundamental approaches to design for mass customisation (DFMC), design for manufacturing (DFM) and design for supply chains (DFSC). The key term here is design while mass customisation, manufacturing and supply chain are the contexts from which the respective design objectives are derived. While these three areas of design are closely related, they have different focusses, which is reflected in the broader range of approaches proposed in the literature. The authors look at the literature through the lens of the product, process, and supply chain optimisation, with a variety of objectives ranging from improving product quality and variety while reducing costs, minimising environmental impacts and optimising supplier manufacture cooperation. In addition to the reviews of the approaches to DFMC, DFM and DFSC, recommendations on their practical system implementations are provided. While the authors acknowledge that the richness of the literature of each of the three design areas warrants a dedicated literature review, the main purpose of this survey is to pursue an integrated view on the three design issues faced by modern manufacturers and provide them and other related practitioners with a summary of representative approaches in the literature. Although it was not intended to conduct an exhaustive literature review of the literature, researchers from academia may still find the work useful by looking at the interactions of the three design areas from the perspective of joint‐decision making, which is the angle from which the literature is approached.
Design of miniaturised printed quadrifilar helix antenna with isoflux coverage and wide‐angle circular polarisation
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Luo Bin , Wang Jiahui , Fang Shaojun , Wang Zhongbao
Published: September 2021

In the study, a miniaturised printed quadrifilar helix antenna (PQHA) with isoflux coverage and wide‐angle circular polarisation is presented. It is composed of a three‐stage stepped impedance spiral arm and open stubs. Each of the three‐stage spiral arms has different pitches and number of turns. For the last‐stage spiral arm, meander lines are used. The proposed PQHA features the characteristics of wide bandwidth, isoflux radiation, small size, and wide‐angle circular polarisation. Moreover, in order to feed the proposed PQHA, a miniaturised quad‐feed network is designed to provide equal amplitude signals with sequential orthogonal phases. For demonstration, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 88 × 88 × 132 mm (0.44 λ0 × 0.44 λ0 × 0.66 λ0). The results show that isoflux radiation with a coverage of about ±60° is realised from 1.40 to 1.62 GHz (14.6%) while maintaining more than 10 dB return loss and larger than 200° 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth.
AC power supply circuit architecture for a miniaturised retinal prosthesis device
Authors: Mori Yasuto , Chia‐Chi Chang , Endo Hiroki , Hata Maho , Shodo Kenzo , Terasawa Yasuo , Noda Toshihiko , Tokuda Takashi , Haruta Makito , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Ohta Jun
Published: September 2021

This study proposes an alternating current (AC)‐driven retinal prosthesis device using an implantable CMOS‐LSI chip that can control multiple electrodes. The proposed device uses AC power with the electrical grounds of the main and stimulation units separated to reduce the possibility of current leakage and to improve safety. The stimulation unit implanted in the eye cannot include large capacitor chips for ground separation. To solve this problem, large capacitor chips are mounted on the implantable control unit that supplies power, not on the stimulating device, and a cooperative mode of operation is devised. In this way, it is realised that a circuit configuration that achieves both miniaturisation and improved power supply efficiency. This study verifies the functionality of the proposed circuit. The results suggest that power supply and stimulation operations are possible through coupling capacitors. In addition, this stimulation operation can be performed continuously.
ATOMIUM: halide molecules around the S-type AGB star W Aquilae
Authors: Danilovich T. , Van de Sande M. , Plane J. M. C. , Millar T. J. , Royer P. , Amor M. A. , Hammami K. , Decock L. , Gottlieb C. A. , Decin L. , Richards A. M. S. , De Beck E. , Baudry A. , Bolte J. , Cannon E. , De Ceuster F. , de Koter A. , Etoka S. , Gobrecht D. , Gray M. , Herpin F. , Homan W. , Jeste M. , Kervella P. , Khouri T. , Lagadec E. , Maes S. , Malfait J. , McDonald I. , Menten K. M. , Montargès M. , Müller H. S. P. , Pimpanuwat B. , Sahai R. , Wallström S. H. J. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Wong K. T. , Yates J. , Zijlstra A.
Published: September 2021

Context. S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are thought to be intermediates in the evolution of oxygen- to carbon-rich AGB stars. The chemical compositions of their circumstellar envelopes are also intermediate but have not been studied in as much detail as their carbon- and oxygen-rich counterparts. W Aql is a nearby S-type star, with well-known circumstellar parameters, making it an ideal object for in-depth study of less common molecules.

Aims. We aim to determine the abundances of AlCl and AlF from rotational lines, which have been observed for the first time towards an S-type AGB star. In combination with models based on PACS observations, we aim to update our chemical kinetics network based on these results.

Methods. We analyse ALMA observations towards W Aql of AlCl in the ground and first two vibrationally excited states and AlF in the ground vibrational state. Using radiative transfer models, we determine the abundances and spatial abundance distributions of Al35Cl, Al37Cl, and AlF. We also model HCl and HF emission and compare these models to PACS spectra to constrain the abundances of these species.

Results. AlCl is found in clumps very close to the star, with emission confined within 0′′.1 of the star. AlF emission is more extended, with faint emission extending 0′′.2 to 0′′.6 from the continuum peak. We find peak abundances, relative to H2, of 1.7 × 10−7 for Al35Cl, 7 × 10−8 for Al37Cl, and 1 × 10−7 for AlF. From the PACS spectra, we find abundances of 9.7 × 10−8 and ≤10−8, relative to H2, for HCl and HF, respectively.

Conclusions. The AlF abundance exceeds the solar F abundance, indicating that fluorine synthesised in the AGB star has already been dredged up to the surface of the star and ejected into the circumstellar envelope. From our analysis of chemical reactions in the wind, we conclude that AlF may participate in the dust formation process, but we cannot fully explain the rapid depletion of AlCl seen inthe wind.
A virtual design studio for low frequency impact sound from walking
Authors: Amiryarahmadi Nata , Kropp Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Experience with wooden multi-storey houses have shown that impact sound insulation is one of most critical issues to ensure a good indoor environment. Even in cases where the impact sound insulation is fulfilled, people perceive the sound from e.g. walking neighbours as very disturbing. To investigate the subjective perception, a test facility is needed which allows for a coherent evaluation of different floor designs by listening test. The facility should ensure, that when comparing different floors, the same excitation by a walker and the same receiving room are involved. Only the floor design should be changed. As a consequence the spread in the data will only be due to the spread in the perception by subjects. In this paper a virtual design tool for low frequency impact sound insulation is presented, which consists of four parts; measured walking forces, floor models, an auralisation system which consists of a grid of loudspeakers simulating the vibration of the floor and a receiving room furnished as a common living room. In a pilot study a listening test is carried out for 13 different floors with different impact sound spectra at frequencies below 100 Hz. The results indicate that the judged annoyance strongly correlates with the judged loudness. However, there is a substantial spread observed in between the subjects participating in the listening tests. To understand this spread, a more extended study is needed with more participants and a classification of the subjects with respect to criteria such as noise sensitivity or age.
Modeling of population dynamics of the protected lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in the Caucasus
Authors: Khanov Zalim , Pshegusov Rustam
Published: September 2021

Reduction of biological diversity of lichens, reduction of the distribution of rare species and their disappearance due to habitat disturbance are significant problems in the Caucasus. The aim was to study the main patterns of distribution of the rare lichen species Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and included identification the main abiotic factors affecting the distribution of the species in region. We modeled the current habitats of Lobaria pulmonaria in the Caucasus by using the Maxent method (Maximum entropy modelling). The most suitable for distribution of the lichen were the wettest areas of the southern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus. The center of the predicted range of L. pulmonaria was currently located on the Black Sea coast, in the mid-mountain areas of Krasnodar region, Georgia and Abkhazia. The minimum probability of finding the species predicted in relatively arid areas with a more continental climate in the Central and, especially, Eastern Caucasus. Temperature and orographic (Topographical Ruggedness Index, topographical humidity Index) factors are also important in the distribution of the studied species.
TrnL-trnfF cpDNA polymorphism in some representatives of the genus Betula
Authors: Medvedeva Svetlana , Cherepanova Olga , Tolkach Olga , Ponomarev Vasiliy , Malosieva Galina
Published: September 2021

We present preliminary results of the trnL-trnF cpDNA region analysis for some representatives of the g. Betula, out of which B. procurva can be considered the most interesting. The disjunctive range of this species is confined to the mountain system in southeast Central Asia (Pamir-Alai). The occurrence of the birch is isolated from the main range in the mountainous part of the Urals, in the boreal forests zone and in the Trans-Ural forest-steppe. Due to high interspecific hybridization and population variability of the g. Betula, doubts were raised about the correct identification of the representatives of B. procurva. The studied genetic variability and population structure of B. procurva, B. nana, B. pubescens, B. turkestanica, B. tianshanica and B. pendula species indicate active introgression and hybridization processes. Polymorphism in all groups is significantly reduced, increasing slightly when comparing the most distant groups. The matching of the B. procurva cpDNA haplotypes (GBS) with B. pendula, B. nana, and B. pubescens shows that this trnL-trnF cpDNA site cannot be used for molecular identification of birch species by barcoding as a single marker, but this marker use is possible for determination of certain B. procurva population. Based on the studied cpDNA region (trnL-F) we found a clear geographic subdivision in B. procurva populations of the Trans-Urals and Central Asia,.
Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the yew-boxwood grove (Western Caucasus, Russia)
Authors: Yusupov Zalimkhan , Chumachenko Yury , Bibin Aleksey
Published: September 2021

The data on the fauna and biotopic distribution of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the yew-boxwood grove of the Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve are presented. A total of 27 ant species were identified, belonging to 17 genera of 4 subfamilies (Dolichoderinae,Ponerinae,Formicinae, andMyrmicinae). The genera –LasiusF. andTemnothoraxMayr are the richest and include 5 species each. For the yew-boxwood grove, all species of ants are presented for the first time.
An information security model of industrial control network in the coal industry
Authors: Jian Guo Xu , Chuan Tian
Published: September 2021

The coal mining industry is taking the development path of information industrialization and promoting the “deep integration of the two technologies”, which involves the construction and citation of many new technologies and new business models. With the introduction of cloud computing and big data technologies, data sharing is becoming more and more important. The industrial control system becomes more and more open, and the safety protection measures for the industrial control system are seriously lagging behind, leading to the extremely prominent information security problems of the industrial control system of the coal industry. This paper analyzes the industrial control system of the coal mine industry, researches the specificity of the coal mine industry and its applicable protection technology, and combines IEC62443, GB/T30976 and other industrial control system safety general technical standards, and proposes a coal mine industry industrial control network information security model.
Experimental mining of three coal seams by transportless technology
Authors: Strelnikov Andrew , Šimkova Zuzana , Anyona Seroni
Published: September 2021

In conditions of market economy and competition it is of great importance to reduce the cost of coal mining. It is especially important when mining coal at the complicated deposits of Kuzbass. In these conditions it is important to choose the technology of stripping and winning works, providing a minimum cost for them. There are two essential factors for achieving this goal: reduction of expenses on transportation of overburden and expenses connected with alienation of lands for external dumps and their reclamation. Therefore, promising technologies are those that ensure the placement of the maximum amount of overburden in the internal dump. This condition sets the task of expanding the scope and boundaries of application of transportless technology, which is used in Kuzbass both independently and in combination with transport technology. In particular, the combined technology is used at Chernigovets open pit mine, where the upper part of the quarry field, containing Kemerovsky seam, is mined using transport technology. The lower part up to 70 m high, which includes three flat seams: Volkovsky, Podvolkovsky I, Podvolkovsky II, on an experimental basis is mined by transportless technology (the volume of stripping works is 5-10 % of the total volume). A distinctive feature of the experiment is the performance of stripping and winning operations with a single dragline excavator, which eliminates the cost of maintaining the rope shovel and bulldozer. Therefore, the experience of using this technology is of practical interest for other open pits in the basin, as well as for any other quarries with similar mining and geological conditions.
SPH modelling of dam breach run out flow for a site planning tailings storage facility
Authors: Wang Kun , Jing Xiaofei , Feng Fan , Yu Guangming
Published: September 2021

Tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are being built globally for containing the chief solid waste stream from mining industry. Catastrophic TSF breach accidents have occurred frequently since the beginning of the 21st century, causing severe impacts on the environment, economy and community safety. The recent example is the 2019 Brumadinho accident in Brazil that released 12 million m3 of tailings and killed more than 249 people. The foreknowledge of the TSF breach run out overland flow can be crucial to prevent or minimize possible losses. Using the Digital Surface Model (DSM) terrain data and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical method, this study proposed a procedure to predict the routings of hypothetical TSF breach run out flow over downstream complex terrain. A case study of a planning TSF site in Guizhou Province of China was carried out to evaluate its applicability. The results suggested that the maximum routing distance of the TSF breach run out flow was 1.45 km. At 240 s, the run out flow began to impact the downstream viaduct piers with the maximum submerged depth of 3.3 m and the maximum impact force of 21.8 kPa. Essential protective measures were recommended before the TSF site construction. The proposed procedure is then recommended for the safety management of the TSFs globally.
Three-dimensional personnel safety positioning based on improved UKF under complex coal mine environment
Authors: Xu Hongxiang , Bai Xingzhen , Zhou Lujie , Liu Peng
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the problems of strong interference and poor positioning accuracy in coal mines, this paper proposes a positioning algorithm for accurate detection of personnel safety. It is of great practical significance to detect the safety movement track of underground personnel. In this paper, WSNs distributed in coal mines are divided into several clusters by clustering method. Each cluster has a certain number of sensors, which can communicate with each other to keep the estimation consistency, and send the collected data to the cluster head (CH) node. System noise includes additive noise and multiplicative noise. In order to improve the accuracy of estimation, an improved UKF algorithm is proposed. The simulation results show that the improved UKF algorithm improves the accuracy and performance of estimation, and allows better location of the underground personnel.
Super-resolution reconstruction of seismic section image via multi-scale convolution neural network
Authors: Deng Meng-Di , Jia Rui-Sheng , Sun Hong-Mei , Zhang Xing-Li
Published: September 2021

The resolution of seismic section images can directly affect the subsequent interpretation of seismic data. In order to improve the spatial resolution of low-resolution seismic section images, a super-resolution reconstruction method based on multi-scale convolution is proposed. This method designs a multi-scale convolutional neural network to learn high-low resolution image feature pairs, and realizes mapping learning from low-resolution seismic section images to high-resolution seismic section images. This multi-scale convolutional neural network model consists of four convolutional layers and a sub-pixel convolutional layer. Convolution operations are used to learn abundant seismic section image features, and sub-pixel convolution layer is used to reconstruct high-resolution seismic section image. The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the comparison method in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). In the total training time and reconstruction time, our method is about 22% less than the FSRCNN method and about 18% less than the ESPCN method.
Immunoprotection evaluation of the recombinant N-terminal domain of Cys-loop receptors against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick infestation
Authors: Martínez Velázquez Moisés , Barragán Álvarez Carla Patricia , Flores Fernández José Miguel , Lagunes Quintanilla Rodolfo Esteban , Saines Edgar Castro , Ramírez Rodríguez Patricia Berenice , Herrera Rodríguez Sara Elisa , Gutiérrez Rodolfo Hernández , Ortega Abel Gutiérrez , Álvarez Ángel H.
Published: September 2021

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle and act as vectors for disease-causing microorganisms. Conventional tick control is based on the application of chemical acaricides; however, their uncontrolled use has increased resistant tick populations, as well as food and environmental contamination. Alternative immunological tick control has shown to be partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to characterize novel antigens in order to improve immunological protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate Cys-loop receptors as vaccine candidates. N-terminal domains of a glutamate receptor and of a glycine-like receptor were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli. Groups of BALB/c mice were independently immunized with four doses of each recombinant protein emulsified with Freund’s adjuvant. Both vaccine candidates were immunogenic in mice as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Next, recombinant proteins were independently formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 50 V2 and evaluated in cattle infested with Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae. Groups of three European crossbred calves were immunized with three doses of each adjuvanted protein. ELISA test was used to evaluate the IgG immune response elicited against the recombinant proteins. Results showed that vaccine candidates generated a moderate humoral response on vaccinated cattle. Vaccination significantly affected the number of engorged adult female ticks, having no significant effects on tick weight, egg weight and egg fertility values. Vaccine efficacies of 33% and 25% were calculated for the glutamate receptor and the glycine-like receptor, respectively.