bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D
esulfatitalea
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fa.ti.ta'le.a. L. pref.
de
from; N.L. n.
sulfas ‐atis
sulfate; L. fem. n.
talea
a slender staff, rod, stick; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfatitalea
a rod‐shaped sulfate‐reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfosarcinaceae / Desulfatitalea

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–0.6 µm × 1.7–3.8 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganotrophic and chemolithoautotrophic, using formate, C
2
–C
4
straight‐chain fatty acids, lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, and yeast extract as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H
2
+ CO
2
. Growth on formate without acetate addition. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Nitrate is not used as a terminal electron acceptor. Fermentative growth was not reported. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 34–42°C. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamin requirement is not reported. The genus
Desulfatitalea
contains one described species.

Members of the genus
Desulfatitalea
occur in anoxic sediments of marine and freshwater systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.3–56.6 (genome, LC).

Type species
:
Desulfatitalea tepidiphila
Higashioka, Kojima, Watanabe and Fukui 2013, 764
VP
.
D
esulfoconvexum
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.con.ve'xum. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing procaryote); L. neut. n.
convexum
, bow, curve; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfoconvexum
, sulfate reducer shaped like a curve.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteraceae / Desulfoconvexum

Cells are curved rods or vibrioids (1.5 µm × 2.0–3.5 µm). Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph and chemolithoautotroph. A variety of organic compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols, sugars, and aromatic compounds as well as amino acids are carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). The same pathway is used for autotrophic growth on H
2
+ CO
2
. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth on malate and fumarate. Psychrophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 14–16°C. Neutrophilic. Anoxic media (with sulfide as a reductant) containing NaCl and MgCl
2
are necessary for growth of
Desulfoconvexum
. Occurs in permanently cold, anoxic marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfoconvexum algidum
Könneke, Kuever, Galushko and Jørgensen 2013, 963
VP
.
D
esulfonatronobacter
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

D
e.sul.fo.na.tro.no.bac'ter
. L. prep.
de
, from; N.L. pref.
sulfo
‐, prefix used for N.L. masc. n.
sulfas ‐atis
, sulfate; N.Gr. n.
natron
, arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
, soda; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfonatronobacter
, sulfate‐reducing natronophilic rod.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfosalsimonadaceae / Desulfonatronobacter

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–1.0 µm × 0.8–5.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using C
3
–C
8
straight‐chain fatty acids as carbon sources and electron donors. Most of electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
and some acetate can be released during oxidation of a few organic compounds. One species can grow on acetate with sulfite or thiosulfate as electron acceptors and can use alcohols, lactate, pyruvate, and isobutyrate. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors for all species and are reduced to H
2
S. One species can also use sulfite. Fermentative growth was not reported. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 35 to 40°C. Obligately alkaliphilic (pH optimum 9.0 to 10.0). Moderately halophilic (optimum of 35 g NaCl l
−1
) and one species is extremely salt‐tolerant. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins might be required for growth. The genus
Desulfonatronobacter
contains two described species.
Desulfonatronobacter
species occur in hypersaline soda lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
53.5–54.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfonatronobacter acidivorans
Sorokin, Tourova, Panteleeva and Muyzer 2012, 2112
VP
.
O
rbus
Authors: Wilharm Gottfried
Published: October 2019

Or'bus. L. masc. n.
orbus
orphan.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Orbales / Orbaceae / Orbus

Orbus
is a genus in the phylum
Proteobacteria
in the family
Orbaceae
, order
Orbales
, class
Gammaproteobacteria
.
Orbus
is the type genus of the family
Orbaceae
and the order
Orbales
. The genus currently includes two species,
Orbus sasakiae
and
Orbus hercynius
, the latter being the type species of the genus. Members of the genus were isolated from butterfly gut and wild boar feces, respectively. Cells are rods or cocci that stain Gram‐negative. Catalase‐positive, oxidase‐variable, major ubiquinone Q8, no flagella‐dependent motility, mesophilic, psychrotolerant, chemoheterotrophic bacteria with aerobic and facultatively anaerobic metabolism. Major fatty acids C
18 : 1
ω7
c
and C
16 : 0
. Members of the genus grow well on complex organic media and utilize a number of carbon sources. The pattern of polar lipids is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and two unidentified aminophospholipids. It is important to note that the description of
O. sasakiae
and
O. hercynius
is based on a single isolate in each case so that the variability of traits is currently unknown in both species.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 32.1–38.8 (
T
m
and genomic).

Type species
:
Orbus hercynius
Volkmann, Skiebe, Kerrinnes, Faber, Lepka, Pfeifer et al. 2010, 2605
VP
.
Flexible Pressure Sensors with Wide Linearity Range and High Sensitivity Based on Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing
Authors: Zhang Tong , Li Zhaoyang , Li Kun , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: October 2019

To achieve practical applications of flexible pressure sensors, good performance and scalable manufacturing processes are both desired. Here, flexible pressure sensors with excellent performance are fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). Having benefitted from the irregular microstructures generated in the powder sintering process, the sensors exhibit high sensitivity of 55 kPa−1 in a wide linearity range of 100 kPa, and they maintain decent sensitivity (>10 kPa−1) over a high‐pressure range (100–400 kPa), which is among the best results for flexible pressure sensors. The working mechanism of the sensor is finely revealed combining in situ observations and electrical simulations. The results demonstrate that electrical saturation (due to parasitic resistance) greatly affects the linearity range except for the geometric saturation of the microstructure. As a proof of concept, tactile, pulse, muscle stiffness, and plantar pressure tests are performed. The fast and stable responses of the sensor show its great potential for electronic skin, human–machine interface, and healthcare monitoring. Besides its excellent performance, the fabrication processes via SLS are compatible with fab‐scale production and flexible customization, which pave new paths for the mass manufacturing and diversified applications of flexible pressure sensors in the future.
Chelation of transition metals into MOFs as a promising method for enhancing CO2 capture: A computational study
Authors: Hu Jianbo , Liu Yang , Liu Jing , Gu Chenkai
Published: October 2019

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are one kind of promising porous materials for CO2 capture and separation. In this work, the chelation of the first‐row transition metals (from Sc to Zn) into MOFs was proposed to enhance its CO2 adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanisms and adsorption capacities of CO2 in the chelated MOFs were explored by using quantum mechanical calculation and QM‐based grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the chelation of transition metals can significantly improve the adsorption capacity of CO2 in MOFs, especially at low pressure. Among the first row transition metals, the chelation of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) gives higher binding energies than other transition metals. The chelation of Mn(II) into MOFs shows the highest uptake amount at low pressure. The CO2 uptake amounts in UiO(bpydc)‐MnCl2 and BPV‐MOF‐MnCl2 are about six times higher than the original counterparts at 298 K and 100 kPa. Based on this significant enhancement, the chelation of transition metals in MOFs provides an efficient approach for enhancing CO2 capture.
Hospitalization, Alzheimer's Disease and Related Neuropathologies, and Cognitive Decline
Authors: James Bryan D. , Wilson Robert S. , Capuano Ana W. , Boyle Patricia A. , Shah Raj C. , Lamar Melissa , Ely E. Wesley , Bennett David A. , Schneider Julie A.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To test the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease and related neuropathologies contribute to the association between hospitalization and cognitive decline in old age.

Methods

As part of a longitudinal clinical–pathologic cohort study, 526 older persons (mean age at death = 90.9 years, 71% female) without dementia at baseline completed annual cognitive testing and were autopsied at death. Hospitalization information was obtained from linked Medicare claims records. Neuropathologic examination assessed β‐amyloid burden, tau tangle density, neocortical Lewy bodies, hippocampal sclerosis, chronic gross and microscopic cerebral infarcts, and transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa.

Results

Over a mean of 5.1 years, a total of 1,383 hospitalizations occurred, and the mean annual rate of hospitalization was 0.5 (standard deviation = 0.6, median = 0.4). Higher rate of hospitalization was not directly related to higher burden for any of the neuropathologic markers. Higher rate of hospitalization was associated with more rapid cognitive decline (estimate = −0.042, standard error [SE] = 0.012, p < 0.001), and after controlling for all 7 neuropathologic markers, the association was essentially the same (estimate = −0.040, SE = 0.013, p = 0.002). In a multivariable model with 3‐way interactions of neuropathologic markers with hospitalization rate and time, the association between hospitalization rate and faster cognitive decline was greater in persons with more tangle pathology (estimate for interaction = −0.007, SE = 0.002, p = 0.002) and in persons with neocortical Lewy bodies (estimate for interaction = −0.117, SE = 0.042, p = 0.005).

Interpretation

Older persons with more hospitalizations experienced faster rates of cognitive decline, and this association was more pronounced in persons with more tau tangle density and with neocortical Lewy body pathologies. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:844–852
Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxa‐Bridged Oxazocines through a Catalytic RhII/ZnII Relay [4+3] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xu Chaoran , Wang Kaixuan , Li Dawei , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2019

Oxa‐bridged oxazocines bearing three chiral carbon centers were synthesized efficiently through a bimetallic catalytic asymmetric tandem reaction of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters with diazoimides. The process contained a rhodium‐promoted in situ generation of isomünchnone from diazoimide decomposition, and a [4+3]‐cycloaddition of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoester catalyzed by a chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐ZnII complex. Ligand‐accelerated catalysis was found, and a possible transition‐state model was proposed to explain the origin of stereoselectivity.
Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium
Authors: He Changfei , Christensen Peter R. , Seguin Trevor J. , Dailing Eric A. , Wood Brandon M. , Walde Rebecca K. , Persson Kristin A. , Russell Thomas P. , Helms Brett A.
Published: October 2019

Control of equilibrium and non‐equilibrium thermomechanical behavior of poly(diketoenamine) vitrimers is shown by incorporating linear polymer segments varying in molecular weight (MW) and conformational degrees of freedom into the dynamic covalent network. While increasing MW of linear segments yields a lower storage modulus at the rubbery plateau after softening above the glass transition (Tg), both Tg and the characteristic time of stress relaxation are independently governed by the conformational entropy of the embodied linear segments. Activation energies for bond exchange in the solid state are lower for networks incorporating flexible chains; the network topology freezing temperature decreases with increasing MW of flexible linear segments but increases with increasing MW of stiff segments. Vitrimer reconfigurability is therefore influenced not only by the energetics of bond exchange for a given network density, but also the entropy of polymer chains within the network.
Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage
Authors: Spoerk Martin , Holzer Clemens , Gonzalez‐Gutierrez Joamin
Published: October 2019

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (ME‐AM) is an emerging processing technique that is characterized by the selective deposition of thermoplastic filaments in a layer‐by‐layer manner based on digital part models. Recently, it has attracted considerable attention, as this technique offers manifold benefits over conventional manufacturing technologies. However, to meet the challenges of complex industrial applications, certain shortcomings of ME‐AM still need to be overcome. A case in point is the limited amount of semicrystalline thermoplastics, which are still not established as reliable, commercial filament materials. Particularly, polypropylene (PP) offers attractive properties that are unique among the ME‐AM material portfolio. This review describes the current approaches of fabricating PP components by ME‐AM. Both commercial and scientific strategies to make PP 3D‐printable are elaborated and compared. As dimensional issues are especially problematic for PP, a comprehensive section of this review focuses on the strategies developed for mitigating warpage for PP parts fabricated by ME‐AM. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Applied Polymer Sciencepublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48545.
Effects of silane coupling agent hydrophobicity and loading method on water absorption and mechanical strength of silica particle‐filled epoxy resin
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Tabuchi Hiroki , Hirai Tomoyasu , Fujii Syuji , Nakamura Yoshinobu
Published: October 2019

A suitable silane coupling agent (SCA) structure to improve the water absorption and mechanical strength of silica particle‐filled epoxy resin was investigated. Bonding, hydrocarbon, and fluorocarbon type SCAs were employed. The bonding type has glycidoxy or amino groups that react with epoxy resin, whereas the other types have only hydrophobic chains. The spherical silica particles were added to epoxy resin at amounts from 10 to 50 wt %. The effect of water absorption was consequently lowered in the order of hydrocarbon > bonding types. The fluorocarbon type SCA was also effective at zero and low silica content. Modification of the epoxy phase by SCA addition was clarified to have a more dominant effect than the adhesion of silica/epoxy interface for the lowering of water absorption, whereas it had been conventionally considered that interfacial adhesion had a more dominant effect. The mechanical strength was higher for the bonding type than the other type. Two addition methods were compared, a pretreatment method and an integral blend method in which all components were mixed simultaneously. The integral blend method was determined to be superior to the pretreatment method for both water absorption and mechanical strength, which was also contrary to the conventional view. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48615.
Disease Severity Linked to Increase in Autoantibody Diversity in IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Liu Hang , Perugino Cory A. , Ghebremichael Musie , Wallace Zachary S. , Montesi Sydney B. , Stone John H. , Pillai Shiv
Published: October 2019

Objective

Four autoantigens have been described recently in IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD): prohibitin, annexin A11, laminin 511‐E8, and galectin‐3. However, no external validation has been performed, and the possibility that some individuals break tolerance to more than 1 autoantigen has not been explored. We undertook this study to evaluate the relative frequencies of antibody responses against these autoantigens in order to explore the role of adaptive immune response in IgG4‐RD.

Methods

Autoantibody responses against prohibitin, annexin A11, and laminin 511‐E8 were measured among a clinically diverse cohort of IgG4‐RD patients (n = 100) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Autoantibody responses were correlated with disease severity and organ distribution.

Results

The frequencies of IgG4 autoantibody responses against prohibitin (10%), annexin A11 (12%), and laminin 511‐E8 (7%) were not significantly different from those of controls. A portion of the cohort (n = 86) had been analyzed previously at our center for anti–galectin‐3 antibody responses, with 25 patients (29%) having IgG4 anti–galectin‐3 antibodies. Of these 86 patients, 32 (37%) had IgG4 antibodies to ≥1 of the 4 autoantigens and 12 (14%) showed reactivity with ≥2 of the tested antigens. The subset of patients with ≥2 autoantibodies had higher total levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, and C‐reactive protein, were more commonly hypocomplementemic, and were more likely to have visceral organ involvement.

Conclusion

Antibodies against prohibitin, annexin A11, and laminin 511‐E8 were found in only a small portion of patients with IgG4‐RD. A subset of IgG4‐RD patients, however, had IgG4 antibodies against ≥2 autoantigens. These patients presented with robust IgG subclass elevations, complement consumption, and visceral organ involvement. This broader break in immunologic tolerance in IgG4‐RD was associated with more severe disease.
Ruthenium Catalyzed C−H Acylmethylation of N‐Arylphthalazine‐1,4‐diones with α‐Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Highway to Diversely Functionalized Phthalazino‐fused Cinnolines
Authors: Karishma Pidiyara , Agarwal Devesh S. , Laha Biswajit , Mandal Sanjay K. , Sakhuja Rajeev
Published: October 2019

A direct ortho‐Csp2‐H acylmethylation of 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones with α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides is achieved through a RuII‐catalyzed C−H bond activation process. The protocol featured high functional group tolerance on the two substrates, including aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and alkyl‐substituted α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. Thereafter, 2‐(ortho‐acylmethylaryl)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones were used as potential starting materials for the expeditious synthesis of 6‐arylphthalazino[2,3‐a]cinnoline‐8,13‐diones and 5‐acyl‐5,6‐dihydrophthalazino[2,3‐a]cinnoline‐8,13‐diones under Lawesson's reagent and BF3⋅OEt2 mediated conditions, respectively. Of these, the BF3⋅OEt2‐mediated cyclization proceeded in DMSO as a solvent and a methylene source via dual C−C and C−N bond formations.
Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveals Abnormal Variability and Hyper‐connected Pattern in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Li Yu , Zhu Yuying , Nguchu Benedictor Alexander , Wang Yanming , Wang Huijuan , Qiu Bensheng , Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a general neurodevelopmental disorder associated with altered brain connectivity. However, most connectivity analyses in ASD focus on static functional connectivity, largely neglecting brain activity dynamics that have been reported to provide deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms of brain functions. Therefore, we anticipate that the use of dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) with interaction of clustering measures could help characterize ASD severity and reveal more information. In this study, we applied the sliding‐window and k‐means clustering methods to perform DFC and clustering analyses in ASD and typically developing (TD) groups. Data from 62 ASD and 63 TD children were acquired from the open‐access data set Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Our findings revealed higher DFC variability between the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC) and middle temporal pole (TPOmid) in subjects with ASD. The connection between the PCC and pars opercularis of inferior frontal gyrus (IFGoper) also presented greater variability in ASD, with the increase depending on ASD symptom severity. Furthermore, clustering analysis showed higher averaged dwell time and probability of transition for globally hyper‐connected state in the ASD group, which could be related to connection variability between the PCC and IFGoper. Our results demonstrate that both the PCC and IFGoper play crucial roles in characterizing symptom severity and state configuration in ASD, and brain connectivity dynamics may serve as potential indicators of ASD in future studies. Autism Res 2020, 13: 230–243. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) refers to functional connectivity that changes over a short time. This study found that DFC instability between the posterior cingulate gyrus and pars opercularis of inferior frontal gyrus is associated with abnormal brain pattern configurations and dysfunction of social cognitive processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms of ASD and help characterize ASD severity.
TUM‐Campus im Olympiapark München
Authors: Jamnitzky Jens , Deák Alexander
Published: October 2019

Beim Projekt TUM‐Campus im Olympiapark wurde die gesamte Leistungsbreite des gegenwärtigen Ingenieurholzbaus abgerufen und umgesetzt. Neben der kompletten Dachkonstruktion sind die Sporthallen und die Institutsbereiche in Holzbauweise errichtet. Zum Einsatz kommen hierbei neben weitspannenden Brettschichtholzträgern auch Hybriddecken in Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbauweise mit einer Brettsperrholzbasis sowie vorgefertigte Holzrahmenwände und Deckenelemente, die z. T. auch verklebt wurden. Integrierte, deckengleiche Stahlunterzüge, die von BauBuche‐Dachträgern abgehängt werden, sind weitere Elemente des Holzbau‐Werkzeugkastens, die hier zum Einsatz kommen. Die Holzbauweise ermöglichte einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad und dadurch kurze Montagezeiten. Mit einer entsprechenden Logistik für Planung, Fertigung, Anlieferung und Montage konnten die Hallencluster in jeweils nur zwei Monaten Bauzeit aufgerichtet werden.

Prägend für die Bauaufgabe war die großzügige Überdachung im Bereich des Leichtathletikstadions: Die Laufbahnen sind auf einer Länge von ca. 150 m mit 40 Elementen großzügig überdacht. Die 28 m langen und 1,60 m hohen Dachelemente haben eine freie Auskragung von 18,3 m und schützen die 100‐m‐Laufbahn. Durch einen integrierten Querträger über der vorderen Stützenreihe gelingt die Punktlagerung der flächigen Vordachplatte. Die große Auskragung des Holzdachs wird durch verklebte Hohlkastenelemente möglich, die in ihren Dimensionen übliche Abmessungen überschreiten. Die Bauteile mit einer Breite von 3,75 m und der Gesamtlänge von 28 m wurden im Werk Ober‐Grafendorf bei St. Pölten in Niederösterreich im Rahmen einer Taktfertigung hergestellt und über Spezialtransporte und Autokräne an Ort und Stelle gebracht. Installationselemente wie Regenrohre und Elektroleitungen wurden bereits im Werk integriert und gewährleisteten so einen reibungslosen Montageablauf auf der Baustelle.

Der Beitrag behandelt in Schlaglichtern die Anforderungen und Lösungen bei der Umsetzung dieser Bauaufgabe.
Palliative resection or radiation of primary tumor prolonged survival for metastatic esophageal cancer
Authors: Xu Jing , Lu Donghui , Zhang Li , Li Jian , Sun Guoping
Published: October 2019

Purpose

We aimed to explore the value of palliative resection or radiation of primary tumor for metastatic esophageal cancer (EC) patients.

Methods

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used for identifying metastatic EC patients. The patients were divided into resection and nonresection groups. And patients without resection were divided into radiation and nonradiation groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were adopted to reduce the baseline differences between the groups. Cancer specific survivals (CSSs) and overall survivals (OSs) were compared by Kaplan‐Meier (K‐M) curves. Multivariable analyses by COX proportion hazards model were performed to identify risk factors for CSS and OS. Predictive nomograms were conducted according to both postoperative factors and preoperative factors.

Results

A total of 7982 metastatic EC patients were selected for our analyses. After PSM, 978 patients were included in the survival analyses comparing palliative resection and nonresection. The CSS and OS for patients underwent palliative resection were significantly longer than those without resection (median CSS: 21 months vs 7 months, P < .001; median OS: 20 months vs 7 months, P < .001). In the overall population without resection, 654 patients were matched for radiation and nonradiation groups. And K‐M curves showed that patients with radiation had longer CSS and OS than those without radiation (median CSS: 11 months vs 6 months, P < .001; median OS: 10 months vs 6 months, P < .001). Nomograms were generated for prediction of 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year CSS and OS. All C‐indexes implied moderate discrimination and accuracy. And all nomograms had good calibration.

Conclusion

Palliative resection or radiation of primary tumor could prolong CSS and OS of metastatic EC patients.
Solketal Formation in a Continuous Flow Process over Hierarchical Zeolites
Authors: Kowalska‐Kuś Jolanta , Held Agnieszka , Nowińska Krystyna
Published: October 2019

Glycerol ketalization with acetone to solketal, an oxygenate fuel additive, was demonstrated over hierarchical zeolites of ZSM5, Beta and Mordenite structure in a continuous flow system. Micro‐mesoporous zeolites were prepared in two steps, by means of alkaline treatment with NaOH followed by the ionic exchange with NH4NO3 and a subsequent treatment with citric acid. The presence of mesopores in the applied catalysts was confirmed by N2 adsorption/desorption measurements and TEM microscopy. Hierarchical zeolites showed superior catalytic performance and lifetime over 24 hours under mild conditions (atmospheric pressure, acetone to glycerol molar ratio of 3 : 1, WHSV of 3–8 h−1, reaction temperature of 323 K). Glycerol conversion of about 90 % and selectivity to solketal up to 98 % have been obtained over micro‐mesoporous catalysts within 24 h without any drop of performance and the symptoms of clogging. Among all hierarchical catalysts tested in a flow reactor, the very high activity defined as solketal yield (88 %) showed ZSM5 and Beta zeolites.
Flexible NO2‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Au(111) Surface
Authors: Dery Shahar , Kim Suhong , Tomaschun Gabriele , Haddad David , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Klüner Thorsten , Toste F. Dean , Gross Elad
Published: October 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue are Elad Gross, F. Dean Toste, and co‐workers at The Hebrew University and UC Berkeley. The image depicts the flexible anchoring geometry of addressable carbene molecules on Au surface, which upon exposure to reducing conditions changed their orientation from a standing into a flat‐lying position. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903434.
The influence of self‐criticism on depression symptoms among ambulatory patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Trindade Inês A. , Irons Chris , Ferreira Cláudia , Portela Francisco , Pinto‐Gouveia José
Published: October 2019

Considering that self‐criticism is an important process in the development and maintenance of depression, and taking into account the stigma associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the present study aimed to analyse whether self‐criticism exacerbates the relationships of depression symptoms with IBD symptomatology and chronic illness‐related shame.

The sample included 53 ambulatory IBD patients (66% females) with ages from 18 to 65. Moderation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling.

Self‐criticism exacerbated the associations of depression with IBD symptoms (b = 0.01; standard error [SE] = 0.00;Z = 3.73;P < .001) and illness shame (b = 0.02;SE = 0.01;Z = 2.40;P = .016). For the same level of IBD symptomatology or chronic illness‐related shame, those individuals who present more feelings of inadequacy towards the self, experience more symptoms of depression. This exacerbation effect is stronger when IBD symptomatology and chronic illness‐related shame are more intense.

A high self‐critical IBD patient may view the illness and/or symptomatology as a flaw or error that should be self‐corrected. Physicians and other health professionals should be attentive to these pathological mechanisms and should attempt to alleviate them. It may be beneficial to refer high self‐critical patients to psychological care.
Measuring therapeutic alliance in children with autism during cognitive behavior therapy
Authors: Burnham Riosa Priscilla , Khan Maria , Weiss Jonathan A.
Published: October 2019

Therapeutic alliance (TA), or the collaborative relationship between a therapist and client, has been shown to be an important component of intervention success. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Therapy Process Observational Coding System–Alliance Scale (TPOCS‐A). The sample consisted of 20 children (19 males) ages 8 to 12 years with autism and their parents (15 mothers, 5 fathers), who completed a cognitive–behavioural intervention designed to improve children's emotion regulation skills. Two trained coders rated early, middle, and late parent and child alliance using the TPOCS‐A after watching video recorded therapy sessions. Therapist‐reported child involvement, alliance, and adherence were also assessed. Psychometric findings revealed that the TPOCS‐A is a reliable and valid measure of therapeutic alliance for children with autism. The implications of examining TA in empirically supported treatments for this population are discussed.
Rates of Ring Opening of Radical Cation Intermediates Govern Differences in Thermoluminescence between 1‐ and 2‐Naphthyl‐Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Matsui Yasunori , Shimono Kazuki , Takae Kosuke , Namai Hayato , Sera Toshiki , Ogaki Takuya , Ohta Eisuke , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

In this study, we observed that methylenecyclopropane 1 c, possessing geminal phenyl and 1‐naphthyl groups at C‐2 of the three membered ring, emits green thermoluminescence (TL) in a low temperature matrix, associated with two sets of bands in the 480–600 and 600–700 nm regions. The bands are assigned to phosphorescence from 31 c* and triplet‐triplet (T−T) fluorescence (FL) from the corresponding trimethylenemethane biradical 32 c..*, respectively. In contrast, as previously reported, the analogous 2‐naphthyl derivative 1 b emits red TL associated with two bands in the 350–450 and 600–700 nm regions, which are assigned to FL from 11 b* and T−T FL from 32 b..*. The results of spectroscopic studies and density functional theory calculations show that the observed dissimilarity in the TL properties of 1 b and 1 c is a consequence of differences in the rate of methylenecyclopropane ring opening of 1 b.+ and 1 c.+ associated with stereoelectronic effects of the naphthyl groups.
Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Single‐Phase Pyrite FeS2 Nanoparticles on N,S‐Codoped Porous Carbon
Authors: Duan Yanan , Dong Xiaosu , Song Tao , Wang Zhaozhan , Xiao Jianliang , Yuan Youzhu , Yang Yong
Published: October 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Yong Yang at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology. The image shows single‐phase pyrite FeS2 nanoparticles with uniform size supported on N,S‐codoped porous carbon, which allows for highly active and chemoselective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes bearing readily reducible groups to their corresponding anilines in water. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201901867.
Social instability in adolescence differentially alters dendritic morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex and its response to stress in adult male and female rats
Authors: Breach Michaela R. , Moench Kelly M. , Wellman Cara L.
Published: October 2019

Adolescence is an important period for HPA axis development and synapse maturation and reorganization in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Thus, stress during adolescence could alter stress‐sensitive brain regions such as the PFC and may alter the impact of future stressors on these brain regions. Given that women are more susceptible to many stress‐linked psychological disorders in which dysfunction of PFC is implicated, and that this increased vulnerability emerges in adolescence, stress during this time could have sex‐dependent effects. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adolescent social instability stress (SIS) on dendritic morphology of Golgi‐stained pyramidal cells in the medial PFC of adult male and female rats. We then examined dendritic reorganization following chronic restraint stress (CRS) with and without a rest period in adult rats that had been stressed in adolescence. Adolescent SIS conferred long‐term alterations in prelimbic of males and females, whereby females show reduced apical length and basilar thin spine density and males show reduced basilar length. CRS in adulthood failed to produce immediate dendritic remodeling in SIS rats. However, CRS followed by a rest period reduced apical dendritic length and increases mushroom spine density in adolescently stressed adult males. Conversely, CRS followed by rest produced apical outgrowth and decreased mushroom spine density in adolescently stressed adult females. These results suggest that stress during adolescence alters development of the PFC and modulates stress‐induced dendritic changes in adulthood.
Sediment and nutrient deposition in different riparian forests and floods of the Middle Paraná River
Authors: Marchetti Zuleica Yael , Massa Ernesto Segundo , Brumnich Federico
Published: October 2019

Sedimentation processes are important to the dynamics of lowland fluvial systems and depend on the characteristics of floods and of riparian ecosystems. The few known studies for the Paraná River system analysed only summer floods without considering the context in which the sedimentation occurred. This study focuses on sedimentation in three riparian forests during one summer and two winter floods of the Paraná River, quantifying the amount of deposited sediments, determining their texture, and measuring the associated quantities of Total Phosphorous (TP) and Total Nitrogen (TN). This study takes into account the elevations, floristic attributes, and geomorphologic context of the three forests, as well as water and sediment transport during floods. Differences in the floods' water discharge, wash load, and duration determined differences in the total amounts of drained water and mobilized sediments. The amount of sediments ranged from 0 to 510 kg m‐2 in the different floods and riparian forests studied. The texture was statistically different between the two winter floods, and between some riparian forests. The analysis of nutrients showed that 1 to 4919 kg ha‐1 of TP and 4.2 to 1152 kg ha‐1 of TN were deposited during the three floods in all forest types. Our results show that the amounts from winter floods can be as important as those from summer floods. These results provide insight not only into the importance of winter floods in the deposition processes, but also into the role of both types of floods as natural instruments of fertilization for floodplain–river ecosystems.
Solid Phase‐Supported Synthesis of Muraymycin Analogues
Authors: Leyerer Kristin , Koppermann Stefan , Ducho Christian
Published: October 2019

Naturally occurring muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics represent a promising class of novel antimicrobials as they inhibit MraY, an enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The synthesis of muraymycins and their analogues is challenging as it involves multi‐step routes, thus hampering detailed structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies. In this work, we report a novel solid phase‐based synthetic strategy for accessing muraymycin analogues via a modular approach, thereby enabling a more efficient access to structural variations, particularly of the muraymycin peptide moiety. The efficiency of this new method was exemplified in an alanine scan of the peptide unit. The inhibitory in vitro activities of the resultant analogues towards MraY provided novel SAR insights. Overall, this new synthetic method for the preparation of muraymycin analogues might support the development of these antibacterial agents towards potential drug candidates.
A Short and Convenient Synthesis of closo‐Dodecaborate Sugar Conjugates
Authors: Imperio Daniela , Muz Barbara , Azab Abdel Kareem , Fallarini Silvia , Lombardi Grazia , Panza Luigi
Published: October 2019

Dodecaborate anions represent a suitable boron source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Sugar derivatives of dodecaborate have been prepared through the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic oxonium ions by alkoxide nucleophiles. According to this general approach, a convenient and short synthesis of three derivatives of dodecaborate‐sugar conjugates is herein reported. Glucose, galactose and fructose have been chosen for their expected preferential uptake by tumor cells compared to healthy cells. The free hydroxyl group of isopropylidene protected sugars was exploited as nucleophile to open a dodecaborate cyclic oxonium salt, giving products containing a spacer between the sugar and the boron cluster. Deprotection of the sugar moiety in acidic conditions gave the desired compounds in excellent yield.
Activation of WNT/Beta‐Catenin Signaling and Regulation of the Farnesoid X Receptor/Beta‐Catenin Complex After Murine Bile Duct Ligation
Authors: Zhang Rong , Nakao Toshimasa , Luo Jing , Xue Yuhua , Cornuet Pamela , Oertel Michael , Kosar Karis , Singh Sucha , Nejak‐Bowen Kari
Published: October 2019

We have recently shown that loss of β‐catenin prevents the development of cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis after bile duct ligation (BDL) due to loss of the inhibitory farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/β‐catenin complex, which results in decreased hepatic bile acids (BAs) through activation of FXR. To further understand the role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in regulating BA metabolism and cholestasis, we performed BDL on mice in which hepatocyte Wnt signaling is deficient but β‐catenin is intact (low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein [LRP]5/6 knockout [DKO]) as well as mice that have enhanced hepatocyte β‐catenin expression (serine 45 mutated to aspartic acid [S45D] transgenic [TG] mice). Despite decreased biliary injury after BDL, hepatic injury, fibrosis, and inflammation were comparable in DKO and wild‐type (WT) mice. Notably, the FXR/β‐catenin complex was maintained in DKO livers after BDL, coincident with significantly elevated hepatic BA levels. Similarly, TG mice did not display accelerated injury or increased mortality despite overexpression of β‐catenin. There was no augmentation of FXR/β‐catenin association in TG livers; this resulted in equivalent hepatic BAs in WT and TG mice after BDL. Finally, we analyzed the effect of BDL on β‐catenin activity and identified an increase in periportal cytoplasmic stabilization and association with T‐cell factor 4 that correlated with increased expression of distinct downstream target genes. Conclusion: Localization of β‐catenin and expression of Wnt‐regulated genes were altered in liver after BDL; however, neither elimination of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling nor overexpression of β‐catenin in hepatocytes significantly impacted the phenotype or progression of BA‐driven cholestatic injury.
Diastereoselective Hydroxyethylation of β‐Hydroxyketones: A Reformatsky Cyclization‐Lactone Reduction Cascade Mediated by SmI2−H2O
Authors: Garduño‐Castro Monserrat H. , Procter David J.
Published: October 2019

The hydroxyethylation of β‐hydroxyketones allows diastereoselective access to important 1,3,5‐triols. The approach exploits a SmI2−H2O‐mediated Reformatsky cyclization‐lactone reduction cascade.
3D Bioconvective multiple slip flow of chemically reactive Casson nanofluid with gyrotactic micro‐organisms
Authors: Nayak M. K. , Prakash J. , Tripathi D. , Pandey V. S. , Shaw S. , Makinde O. D.
Published: October 2019

In the present study, we investigate the velocity, thermal, solutal, and motile micro‐organism (MM) slip effects on the flow of chemically reactive Casson nanofluid flowing over an exponentially stretched electromagnetic sheet in the presence of a chemical reaction. In addition, a mechanism of improving the motion of nanoparticles (Brownian motion and thermophoresis) is incorporated. The nondimensionalized ordinary differential equations are tackled by using symbolic computation software, MATLAB 2012b, with bvp4c function. Some significant and relevant characteristics of associated profiles are displayed graphically and discussed beautifully with the aid of tables through comprehensive numerical computations. The results of the study show that elevated Casson fluid parameter, gyrotactic micro‐organism, and electromagnetic strength belittle both axial as well as transverse velocities and the related momentum boundary layer thickness. Another important outcome is that low Prandtl fluids and enhancement in the strength of electromagnetic field fasten the diffusion of micro‐organisms, thereby augmenting the density of MM in the related boundary layer.
Contamination detection by optical measurements in a real‐life environment: A hospital case study
Authors: Inkinen Jenni , Ahonen Merja , Iakovleva Evgenia , Karppinen Pasi , Mielonen Eelis , Mäkinen Riika , Mannonen Katriina , Koivisto Juha
Published: October 2019

Organic dirt on touch surfaces can be biological contaminants (microbes) or nutrients for those but is often invisible by the human eye causing challenges for evaluating the need for cleaning. Using hyperspectral scanning algorithm, touch surface cleanliness monitoring by optical imaging was studied in a real‐life hospital environment. As the highlight, a human eye invisible stain from a dirty chair armrest was revealed manually with algorithms including threshold levels for intensity and clustering analysis with two excitation lights (green and red) and one bandpass filter (wavelength λ = 500 nm). The same result was confirmed by automatic k‐means clustering analysis from the entire dirty data of visible light (red, green and blue) and filters 420 to 720 nm with 20 nm increments. Overall, the collected touch surface samples (N = 156) indicated the need for cleaning in some locations by the high culturable bacteria and adenosine triphosphate counts despite the lack of visible dirt. Examples of such locations were toilet door lock knobs and busy registration desk armchairs. Thus, the studied optical imaging system utilizing the safe visible light area shows a promising method for touch surface cleanliness evaluation in real‐life environments.
Circulating MicroRNA-19b Identified From Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Patients Increases Bone Formation
Authors: Sun Mengge , Hu Liqiu , Wang Shang , Huang Tongling , Zhang Minyi , Yang Meng , Zhen Wanxin , Yang Dazhi , Lu William , Guan Min , Peng Songlin
Published: October 2019

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression and have been reported to be involved in various metabolic diseases, including osteoporosis. Although the transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation has been well characterized, the role of circulating miRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Here we discovered that the level of circulating miR-19b was significantly lower in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures than that of healthy controls. The expression level of miR-19b was increased during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells, and transfection with synthetic miR-19b could promote osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10) was found to be directly repressed by miR-19b, with a concomitant increase in Runx2 expression and increased phosphorylation of AKT (protein kinase B, PKB). The expression level of circulating miR-19b in aged ovariectomized mice was significantly lower than in young mice. Moreover, the osteoporotic bone phenotype in aged ovariectomized mice was alleviated by the injection of chemically modified miR-19b (agomiR-19b). Taken together, our results show that circulating miR-19b plays an important role in enhancing osteoblastogenesis, possibly through regulation of the PTEN/pAKT/Runx2 pathway, and may be a useful therapeutic target in bone loss disorders, such as osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Influence of the history of abuse and suicidal attempts behavior among women victims of violence in Nicaragua
Authors: Rivas Esther , Bonilla Enrique , Vázquez José J.
Published: October 2019

Suffering traumatic experiences linked to violence seems to be related to suicide attempts, especially, when the physical or sexual abuse has been experienced at an early age. This study examines the relationship between the history of abuse and suicide attempts among women victims of violence living in poverty in Nicaragua. This sample was subjected to a particularly serious range of stressful situations and experiences related to violence throughout their lives. The results show that women who experienced abuse during childhood were more likely to report a history of suicide attempts than women without a history of childhood abuse. Therefore, suicide attempts seem to be related more to those traumatic experiences during childhood than to violence suffered afterward. Identifying this type of abuse is particularly important because of its implications for the victims' health, as suicide attempts are maladaptive behaviors with which the women in the sample could have been addressing the trauma they experienced in their childhood. It is, therefore, necessary to highlight this problem in a developing country, which has been the focus of a limited number of studies, and where there are no support mechanisms for victims whose rights have been violated.