bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Konsep Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Pulungan Hanifah Regita
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKDokumentasi keperawatan adalah kegiatan pencatatan dan pelaporan yang dilakukan perawat terhadap pelayanan keperawatan yang telah diberikan kepada klien,berguna untuk klien,perawat dan tim kesehatan lain sebagai tanggung jawab perawat dan sebagai bukti dalam persoalan hukum.Pelaksanaan dokumentasi keperawatan juga sebagai salah satu alat ukur untuk mengetahui ,memantau, dan menyimpulkan suatu pelayanan asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan. Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan unsur penting dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan,karena dengan adanya dokumentasi yang baik informasi mengenai keadaan pasien dapat diketahui secara berkesinambungan. Kata kunci : Asuhan ,Dokumentasi, Keperawatan
Mengoptimalkan evaluasi asuhan keperawatan
Authors: Yasriq Latifah
Published: December 2019

LATAR BELAKANG: Evaluasi merupakan suatu proses untuk menjelaskan secara sistematis untuk mencapai obyektif, efisien, dan efektif, serta untuk mengetahui dampak dari suatu kegiatan dan membantu pengambilan keputusan untuk perbaikan satu atau  beberapa aspek program perencanaan yg akan datang.TUJUAN: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami evluasi keperawatan dirumah sakit.METODE: penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review analis melalui e-journal, membaca buku-buku, serta refrensi e-book yang terkait asuhan keperawatan dirumah sakit. HASIL: dari hasil penelitian pengoptimalan evaluasi dalam keperawatan Menentukan perkembangan kesehatan klien. ,Menilai efektifitas, efesiensi dan produktifitas,Menilai pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan,Sebagai umpan balik untuk memperbaiki mutu, Menunjang tanggung gugat dan tanggung jawab. . KESIMPULAN: dari hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan terkini perawat untuk mengoptimalkan pelayanan kesehatan yang akan diberikan kepada pasien lewat pelatihan,seminar, atau penelitian.
PENTINGNYA MELAKUKAN PERENCANAAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN YANG BENAR
Authors: Sihombing Rut Windy Cahayana
Published: December 2019

AbstrakLatar belakang: Perencanaan adalah pengembangan strategi desain untuk mencegah, mengurangi, dan mengatasi masalah- masalah yang telah diidentifikasi dalam diagnosis keperawatan. Tujuan: mengetahui pentingnya melakukan perencanaan asuhan keperawatan yang benar di rumah sakit. Metode: kajian pustaka. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis dengan data sekunder terhadap beberapa referensi yang mendukung. Beberapa referensi dikutip dan dikaji kemudian di buat analisisnya. Analisisis dibuat dengan berkaitan dengan pentingnya melakukan perencanaan asuhan keperawatan yang benar di rumah sakit. Hasil: Perencanaan keperawatan yg di tulis dengan baik akan memberi petunjuk dan arti pada asuhan keperawatan di karenakan perencanaan keperawatan merupakan sumber informasi bagi semua yang terlibat dalam asuhan keperawatan klien. Perencanaan adalah suatu petunjuk tertulis yang menggambarkan secara tepat rencana tindakan keperawatan yang dilakukan terhadap klien.
Administrasi dan Supervisi pertemuan 1
Authors: mutiaracantika@gmail.com
Published: December 2019

education administration and supervision discuss Administration is a service to all institutional needs in an effective and efficient way and administration as one component of the system whose subsystems are interrelated with one another, because administration is activities to achieve a goal or the process of carrying out work to achieve a goal that has been set. Supervision is an activity and coaching activity carried out by a professional to assist teachers and other education personnel in improving teaching materials, methods and evaluations by continuously stimulating, coordinating and mentoring so that teachers become more professional in increasing the achievement of school goals.
Administrasi Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PTK)
Authors: Septiani Nazmi
Published: December 2019

Abstrak— Administration of educators and education personnel (CAR) is the overall process of educator activities that includes planning, organizing, directing, reporting, coordinating, monitoring and financing, using or utilizing available facilities, both personal, material, and spiritual, to effectively achieve educational goals and efficient. The PTK administration process begins with the provision of educational staff such as selection, subsequent placement, and orientation. The orientation aims to accelerate the adaptation period so that new teaching staff can work faster and better. An educator and educational staff for the welfare of his life are entitled to receive salary, benefits, and appreciation for what he has done. There was a time when an educator and education personnel were allowed to not come to work (several days) because of illness, childbirth and in the study period.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Oleh Perawat terhadap Ibu Hamil
Authors: Rahmawati Ria
Published: December 2019

abstrak: Asuhan keperawatan dapat di pertanggung jawabkan berdasarkan substansi ilmiah yaitu logis, sistimatis, dinamis dan restruktur (Muhlisin, 2011). Tujuan: untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada mahasiswa, perawat, dan seorang profesi bagaimana perencanaan asuhan keperawatan yang benar dan baik yang harus dilakukan di lapangan dengan menghindari adanya kesalahan dalam melakukan praktik di rumah sakit. Metode: literature dan review. Pembahasan: Asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil dengan kontraksi dini tidak hanya merupakan aplikasi peran sebagai pemberi pelayanan keperawatan, namun juga sebagai kolaborator, komunikator dankoordinator pada saat bekerjasama dengan tim kesehatan lainnya. Kesimpulan: perawat memfasilitasi peningkatan kemampuan klien dalam merawat dirinya sendiri dan tidak menempatkan klien pada posisi ketergantungan.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH PENEGAKAN DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN OLEH PERAWAT PROFESIONAL
Authors: Purba Nur Afrina Sahira
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Sebagai suatu aspek yang terpenting dalam proses keperawatan, perumusan diagnosa keperawatan ini sangatlah vital untuk dilakukan. Tujuan: Perawat mampu menegakkan diagnosa sesuai dengan langkah langkah penegakan diagnosa keperawatan. Metode: Kajian ini menggunakan literature review berdasarkan buku teks, buku referensi, jurnal e-book (10 tahun terakhir) dengan menganalisis, eksplorasi, dan kajian bebas. Hasil: Langkah langkah diagnosa keperawatan : Klasifikasi & Analisis Data, Interpretasi /identifiikasi kelebihan dan masalah klien, Memvalidasi diagnosa keperawatan dan Menyusun diagnosa keperawatan sesuai dengan prioritasnya. Pembahasan: Diagnosis Keperawatan merupakan keputusan klinik tentang respon individu, keluarga dan masyarakat tentang masalah kesehatan aktual atau potensial, dimana berdasarkan pendidikan dan pengalamannya, Penutup: Sebelum menyusun suatu asuhan keperawatan yang baik, kita harus memahami langkah langkah dari proses keperawatan
Proses Keperawatan dalam Penanggulangan Penyakit Ginjal
Authors: Maha Aprillia S
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini dibuat untuk memaparkan bagaimana proses kemampuan dalam berpikir kritis cara berpikir kritis dan hubungan berpikir kritis dengan perkembangan teknologi modern. Artikel mencoba memaparkan apa-apa saja hubungan antara berpikir kritis dengan perkembangan teknologi modern. Dengan melihat perkembangan berpikir kritis manusia mampu mengembangkan ide dan gagasannya menjadi sebuah terobosan baru yang dapat digunakan dan dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan kesehatan di dunia keperawatan.
gambaran perencanaan asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit
Authors: Nasution Tria Lestari
Published: December 2019

Asuhan keperawatan adalah suatu pendekatan untuk pemecahan masalah pada pasien dengan memberikan pelayanan keperawatan. Sejauh ini perawat tidak sepenuhnya melakukan asuhan keperawatan sesuai dengan SOP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran penerapan asuhan keperawatan oleh perawat pelaksana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asuhan keperawatan dikatakan baik apabila perawat sudah melaksanakan tahap- tahap dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien yaitu: tahap pengkajian keperwatan, tahap diagnosa keperawatan, tahap perencanaan keperawatan, tahap implementasi keperawatan, dan tahap evaluasi keperawatan.Kata Kunci; Perawat, Gambaran, Rumah Sakit
IMPLEMETASI PROSES KEPERAWATAN DENGAN PASIEN GASTRITIS
Authors: Sari Adelia Devita
Published: December 2019

Gastritis adalah proses inflamasi pada lapisan mukosa lambung yang berkembang bila mekanisme protektif mukosa yang dipenuhi dengan bakteri atau bahan iritan lain (Ode, 2015). Implementasi dalam asuhan keperawatan merupakan melakukan dan mendokumentasikan tindakan keperawatan khusus yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan intervensi keperawatan. Tujuan : penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pelaksaanan proses keperawatan terhadap pasien gastritis dan mengetahuijenis-jenis tindakan keperawatan yang dilakukan terhadap pasien gastritis. Metode : Metode penulisan kajian ini menggunakan metode analisis observasi terhadap materi penugasan. Hasil : pengetahuan perawat terhadap tindakan keperawatan juga merupakan hal yang utama dalam melakukan penatalaksaan proses keperawatan terhadap pasien gastritis dalam melakukan tindakan sesuai dengan rencana keperawatan maka diperlukan jumlah tenaga keperawatan yang cukup dan memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang baik.
DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN SEBAGAI STANDAR PRAKTIK KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Sitanggang Rahmatia
Published: December 2019

Diagnosa keperawatan di tetapkan berdasarkan analisis dan interprestasi data yang di peroleh dari pengkajian klien. Diagnosa keperawatan memberikan gambaran tentang kesehatan yang nyata (aktual) dan kemungkinan akan terjadi, dimana pengambilan keputusannya dapat di lakukan dalam batas wewenang perawat. Diagnosa keperawatan juga sebagai suatu bagian dari proses keperawatan yang di reflesikan dalam standar praktik American Nurses Assiation (ANA). Diagnosa keperawatan ditegakkan bukan tidak ada tujuan melainkan agar seorang perawat dapat menganalisa dan mensintesa data yang telah dikelompkkan. Mengidentifikasi mas alah ( etiologi) dan juga mengidentifikasi kemampuan klien untuk mencegah atau menyelesaikan masalah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dimana maksudnya dengan cara mengumpulkan sebanyak-banyaknya data untuk dianalisis. Yaitu dengan Literature review ini dengan menganalisis yang berfokus pada diagnosa keperawatan sebagai standar praktik keperawatan. Adapun tinjauan literatur yang digunakan seperti buku teks, bukureferensi, jurnal, dan google scholar. Dengan kata kunci diagnossa keperawatan, standar praktik keperawatan, keperawatan. Dan yang digunakan adalah 14 literatur yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir.
Pentingnya pendidikan dan supervisi pendidikan
Authors: Nolanopita
Published: December 2019

Administration of educators and educationpersonnel is the overall process of the activities ofeducators to achieve educational goals effectively andefficiently.In this article the author uses the literature studymethod, by collecting material sourced from review,journals and others related to the administrative processof educators and education personnel.The purpose of this article is to fulfill structuredassignments in the Administration and Supervision ofEducation courses. And it is knowledge especially forcompilers and generally for readers, regarding theAdministration of Educators and Education Personnel
PENTINGNYA MEMAHAMI TAHAP PENGKAJIAN PADA STANDART PROSES KEPERAWATAN
Authors: pratiwi Indri aprilia
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang: Proses keperawatan adalah kerangka berpikir yang digunakan perawat untuk melaksanakan fungsi dan tanggung jawabnya secara mandiri. Tahap pertama dari proses keperawatan adalah pengkajian (Hidayat, 2002). Fase dari pengkajian meliputi: pengumpulan data, analisis data, pengelompokan data dan dokumentasi data (Haryanto, 2008).Tujuan: Tujuan ini dilakukan untuk memahami tahap pengkajian pada proses keperawatan.Metode: Metode kajian ini menggunakan metode penelusuran buku teks, buku referensi, jurnal dan e-book (10 tahun terakhir) dengan sistem literature review yaitu menganalisis, eksplorasi dan kajian bebas dengan menggunakan kata kunci Pengkajian Keperawatan, Perawat Pelaksana dan Proses Keperawatan. Dan berfokus pada Pentingnya Memahami Tahap Pengkajian Pada Standart Proses Keperawatan. Hasil: Hasil dari literature review didapatkan dua jurnal yang menunjukkan tentang pengetahuan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian serta pengaruh pengkajian terhadap kepuasan pasien.Pembahasan: Dalam melakukan pengkajian banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan yaitu tujuan, manfaat serta tahap-tahap dalam melakukan pengkajian yaitu pengumpulan data (objektif dan subjektif), validasi data dan terakhir analisa data kemudian perawat juga dituntut untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pasien yaitu dengan meningkatkan komunikasi perawat terhadap pasien. Penutup: Beberapa penelitian dari jurnal dan sumber buku keperawatan menunjukkan bahwa dalam memahami proses pengkajian sangatlah penting karena pengkajian merupakan tahap dasar dalam melaksanakan proses keperawatan.
Administrasi hubungan sekolah dan masyarakat
Authors: utama anisa putri
Published: December 2019

Abstract- Husemas is a process of communication between schools and the community to increase community understanding of educational needs and activities and encourage community interest and cooperation in improving and developing schools. Principles of administration of public relations integrity, Continuity, Simplicity, Coverage, Constructiveness, and Adaptability
PERAWAT DALAM MELAKUKAN PENGKAJIAN KEPADA PASIEN KRITIS
Authors: Simanjuntak Angel Ester
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang : Proses keperawatan memberikan suatu pendekatan yang sistematis. Pada keperawatan kritis, harus menggunakan proses keperawatan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Keperawatan kritikal adalah suatu bidang yang memerlukan perawatan pasien berkualitas tinggi dan komprehensif.Tujuan : mengetahui bagaimana perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian kepada pasien kritis Metode : Analisis data sekunder, yaitu dengan kajian pustaka dari beberapa jurnal dan buku. Hasil : Menurut jurnal yang pertama yaitu Pengkajian Nyeri Pasien Kritis Menggunakan Critical sPain Observation Tool menyatakan bahwa dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon, terdapat perbedaan respon nyeri antara kondisi positioning dengan respon nyeri dalam kondisi istirahat dengan menggunakan alat ukur BPS dan CPOT.Kemudian dari jurnal PENGKAJIAN NYERI CPOT DAN WONG BEKKER PASIEN PENURUNAN KESADARAN menyatakan bahwa Instrumen CPOT lebih efektif di bandingkan Wong Bekker. Pembahasan : Pada hasil kajian, didapat beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan pengkajian, yaitu CPOT dan Wong Bekker. Critical pain observation tools (CPOT) adalah alat yang dikembangkan menggunakan unsur-unsur rasa nyeri yang ada pada beberapa alat ukur pengkajian nyeri. CPOT merupakan instrumen untuk menilai nyeri pasien yang tidak dapat berkomunikasi secara verbal. Penutup: Pengkajian keperawatan adalah proses pengumpulan, pengujian, analisa, dan mengkomunikasikan data tentang pasien.
SImi Tugas Akhir UAS
Authors: Saputra Muh Rivaldi Andhies
Published: December 2019

Bacaan ini saya buat agar para pembaca dapat lebih memahami mengenai pengaruh dari orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja perushaan untuk kedepannya. Metode yang saya gunakan dalam menulis bacaan ini adalah metode literature review
Uas
Authors: Gallant Richard
Published: December 2019

This Paper was made for the purpose of people to understand the impact of firm performance in company
EVALUASI ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PENDERITAAN PENYAKIT SISTEM PERNAPASAN
Authors: Harefa Dibetriyana
Published: December 2019

Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat indonesia.Angka kejadian PPOK di Indonesia menempati urutan kelima tertinggi di dunia yaitu 7,8 juta jiwa. PPOK sering ditemukan pada rumah sakit umum dengan penyebab terbanyak karena pola hidup masyarakat yang tidak sehat salah satunya kebiasaan masyarakat merokok dan polusi udara, sehingga dapat memicu terjadinya penyakit PPOK.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan PPOK meliputi salah satunya adalah evaluasi keperawatan. Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien PPOK yang meliputi salah satunya adalah evaluasi keperawatan. Hasil : Pasien dengan PPOK biasanya mengalami sesak napas dan mudah lelah, oleh karena itu perawat harus bekerjasama dengan pasien dan keluarga untuk memonitoring pemberian terapi oksigen. Komunikasi terapeutik dapat mendorong klien lebih kooperatif dan untuk menghindari hal-hal yang dapat menimbulkan sesak napas kambuh kembali.
Evaluasi Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Pasien Jiwa
Authors: Maha Nadila
Published: December 2019

Undang –Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah berkewajiban mengembangkan upaya kesehatan jiwa berbasis masyarakat sebagai bagian diri upaya kesehatan jiwa keseluruhan mempermudah akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan jiwa. Seorang dapat dikatakan sehat jiwa yaitu kondisi mental sejahtera dengan kualitas hidup seseorang yang harmonis dan produktif dari semua segi kehidupan manusia. Pasien gangguan jiwa memiliki hubungan yang tidak harmonis dengan orang lain seperti berusaha, mengancam (agrecion) atau curiga yang berlebihan (paranoid) pasien juga tidak produktif di masyarakat dan kecendrungan merugikan masyarakat misalnya mencuri (deptamany) malas (abulia), atau prilaku deviasi social lain seperti pemakaian zat adiktif (Yosef, 2010).
PERAN PERAWAT DALAM MENERAPKAN TAHAPAN PENGKAJIAN PROSES KEPERAWATAN BERBASIS SPIRITUAL
Authors: Purba Muhaini Atmayana
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang : Proses keperawatan tidak terlepas dari peran perawat dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan kepada pasien. Salah satunya adalah melaksanakan pengkajian. Hal ini menjadi penting karena pengkajian dalam proses keperawatan merupakan dokumen yang mencatat tindakan yang dilakukan oleh perawat terhadap pasien. Tujuan : Untuk mengidentifikasi langkah awal dalam membuat suatu pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, rencana asuhan keperawatan, implementasi, evaluasi, dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan secara spiritual. Metode : metode yang digunakan merupakan literatur review atau suatu perbandingan atau analisis antara satu jurnal dengan jurnal lainnya dari berbagai sumber seperti referensi jurnal, buku teks dan e-book. Hasil : Adapun hasilnya adalah seorang perawat mampu melaksanakan tahapan pengkajian dalam proses keperawatan baik secara spiritual dengan tepat sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur dan data yang didapati oleh perawat. Kesimpulan : Sebagai seorang perawat sangatlah penting untuk menguasai pengkajian proses keperawatan berbasis spiritual dalam rangka peningkatan mutu dan layanan sehingga dapat mempercepat proses pengkajian melalui data yang telah di dapat dan menentukan diagnosa, rencana, implementasi, evaluasi, dan dokumentasi secara lengkap dan relevan.
Tugas perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit
Authors: Pardede Inggrid Pricilia
Published: December 2019

Kinerja perawat dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan merupakan aplikasi kemampuan atau pembelajaran yang telah diterima selama menyelesaikan program pendidikan keperawatan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan dalam peningkatan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, dan pelayanan terhadap pasien.asuhan keperawatan merupakan kegiatan kompleks yang menuntut keterampilan kognitif, psikomotor dan afektif untuk menilai intuitive dan kreatifitas Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan secara lebih baik. Kajian ini di tulis dalam bentuk studi kepustakaan,artikel non penelitian.
kepemimpinan disekolah
Authors: utama anisa putri
Published: December 2019

Abstract-The headmaster is the person who leads an educational institution or school. In the school there are teachers, education and other people. The headmaster has the responsibility in building every citizen in the school. For example, in building the discipline that occurred in the school. Each school must have its own goal or vision and mission. To realize the vision and mission of the school principal has had in the matter. For the smooth and successful achievement of the vision and mission should be the discipline of each member of the organization in the school. The task of the headmaster as one of the supervisors is to build, demonstrate, and guide the person to whom he will supervising. To be the headmaster is not an easy thing. Being the principal should have a sense of responsibility that is not only physically but must also be spiritually. Because the success or the fame of a school depends on the way the school head in building and organizing all the things it leads.
Basic Model of a Behavior Change Mechanism
Authors: Hagger Martin S
Published: December 2019

Illustration of a basic model of a behavior change mechanism. The diagram illustrates the process by which behavioral interventions affect change in behavioral outcomes through change in constructs representing the psychological process from behavioral theory. The diagram illustrates the effect of the intervention content (often a behavior change method or technique) on a behavioral outcome (often a measure of behavior). This could represent the efficacy of a behavioral intervention tested in a research study such as a randomized controlled trial (path 'a' in the Figure). The effect of the intervention content (behavior change technique) on the construct representing the psychological process purportedly targeted by the technique according to theory (known as the 'mediator') is also illustrated (path 'b' in the Figure). Finally, the effect of the theory-based construct on the behavioral outcome is depicted (path 'c' in the Figure). The whole 'process' can be termed a 'mechanism of action'. From an analytic perspective, the indirect effect of the intervention content on behavior change through the theoretical construct represents a test of the mechanism of action of the intervention. A process evaluation of a behavior change intervention necessitates specification of such a process model a priori and the inclusion of relevant design features, measures, and data necessary to conduct the necessary mediation analysis to test the mechanism of action.
No relation between vertical-valence metaphor and height: An empirical answer to Liu, Zhu, and Wang (2019)
Authors: Sasaki Kyoshiro , Yamada Yuki
Published: December 2019

We examined whether the association between vertical space and emotional valence (up = positive, down = negative; vertical-valence metaphor) would interact with people’s height and found that there was no relation between vertical-valence metaphor and height.
A Model of Political Bias in Social Science Research
Authors: Honeycutt Nathan , Jussim Lee
Published: December 2019

In 2019 at the SPSP Political Psychology Pre-Conference, key stakeholders and researchers were invited to debate the question “does ideological diversity impact the quality of our research?” If Clark and Winegard's (in press) review of ideological epistemology and its significance to social science is mostly on target, it would predict that many at the debate were unconvinced by those arguing that political bias matters. Why? To the extent that social psychologists function as a moral tribal community (as Clark and Winegard argue), motivated to protect their professional and political interests, they will fight tooth and nail to defend their sacred values and professional statuses against charges of political bias. Of course, they might also do so out of a justified belief that they were unfairly accused. How can one tell the difference? In this paper we argue that this can be accomplished by identifying how political biases manifest in social psychology. To that end, we expand upon two of Clark and Winegard's (in press) arguments: 1. there are no reasons to believe that social scientists are immune to the biases, errors, and social processes that can lead to distortions that stem from tribal loyalties; 2. these tribal tendencies, combined with extreme ideological homogeneity, work to create significant problems for the pursuit of scientific truth. Specifically, we present a heuristic model of political bias that identifies ways they manifest, and we review evidence that bears on it.
Age differences in the neural correlates of the specificity of recollection: an event-related potential study
Authors: Horne Erin , Koen Joshua , Hauck Nedra , Rugg Michael
Published: December 2019

In young adults, the neural correlates of successful recollection vary with the specificity (or amount) of information retrieved. We examined whether the neural correlates of recollection are modulated in a similar fashion in older adults. We compared event-related potential (ERP) correlates of recollection in samples of healthy young and older adults (N = 20 per age group). At study, participants were cued to make one of two judgments about each of a series of words. Subsequently, participants completed a memory test for studied and unstudied words in which they first made a Remember/Know/New (RKN) judgment, followed by a source memory judgment when a word attracted a ‘Remember’ (R) response. In young adults, the ‘left parietal effect’ – a putative ERP correlate of successful recollection – was largest for test items endorsed as recollected (R judgment) and attracting a correct source judgment, intermediate for items endorsed as recollected but attracting an incorrect or uncertain source judgment, and, relative to correct rejections, absent for items endorsed as familiar only (K judgment). In marked contrast, the left parietal effect was not detectable in older adults. Rather, regardless of source accuracy, studied items attracting an R response elicited a sustained, centrally maximum negative-going deflection relative to both correct rejections and studied items where recollection failed (K judgment). A similar retrieval-related negativity has been described previously in older adults, but the present findings are among the few to link this effect specifically to recollection. Finally, relative to correct rejections, all classes of correctly recognized old items elicited an age-invariant, late-onsetting positive deflection that was maximal over the right frontal scalp. This finding, which replicates several prior results, suggests that post-retrieval monitoring operations were engaged to an equivalent extent in the two age groups. Together, the present results suggest that there are circumstances where young and older adults engage qualitatively distinct retrieval-related processes during successful recollection.
Parental Speech to Typical and Atypical Populations: A Study on Linguistic Partial Repetition
Authors: Onnis Luca , Edelman Shimon , Esposito Gianluca , Venuti Paola
Published: December 2019

Parents often use partial self-repetitions with variation in successive utterances (e.g.,Want to get your ball? Get your ball? Do you want to get your ball?). Such ’variation sets’ contain latent distributional information about the building blocks of language andare predictive of children’s lexical and grammatical structures. Because these properties in parents of atypically developing children are virtually unknown, we compared for the first time variation sets in parental speech directed to toddlers with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Down Syndrome (DS), and a baseline group of Typically Developing toddlers (TD). In Study 1, we analyzed transcripts of mothers’ child-directed utterancesduring naturalistic dyadic play interactions. While children’s mean developmental age was the same across the three groups, we found that measures of partial repetitions in child-directed speech were larger in the ASD than in the DS and typical groups. In Study 2 we also found that these larger measures in the ASD group were mainly driven by the mother, as opposed to the father. Because partial repetitions decrease with chronological age of the child in typical groups, and the atypical children were older than the TD group, our findings suggest compensating modes of communication in parental speech to atypical populations, especially the ASD group. The study validates the extension of structural/statistical analyses of language to compare parental communication to typical and atypical populations
Sociocultural Mechanisms of Conflict: Combining Topic and Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models in an Analysis of Afghanistan, 1979-2001
Authors: Karell Daniel , Freedman Michael Raphael
Published: December 2019

How do sociocultural dynamics shape conflict? We develop a relational understanding of how social relations, culture, and conflict are interwoven. Using this framework, we examine how combatants' associations with cultural elements affect the interpersonal relationships underlying conflict dynamics, as well as how these relationships engender associations to cultural elements. To do so, we first introduce a novel analytical approach that synthesizes computational textual analysis and stochastic actor-oriented models of longitudinal networks. We then use our approach to analyze a two-level socio-semantic graph representing both the cultural domain and social relationships of prominent militants operating in one Afghan province, Balkh, between 1979 and 2001. Our results indicate that militants' interpersonal comradeships rely, in part, on their connections to cultural elements and relative power. Comradeship, in turn, fosters militants' connections to cultural elements. We conclude by discussing how conflict studies can continue to build on insights from cultural sociology, as well as how cultural sociology and socio-semantic network research can benefit from further engaging conflict studies and developing our analytical approach. We also highlight provisional insights into endogenous mechanisms of conflict resolution and cultural change.
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: A case report
Authors: Baral Radha , Ojha Bidhata , Bajracharya Dipshikha , Bhandari Kishor
Published: December 2019

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that was initially considered to be a solid variant of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst with locally aggressive behavior. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor comprises less than 0.5% of all odontogenic tumors and characterized histologically by an ameloblastomatous epithelium with an area of ghost cell formation and a varying amount of dentinoid. Herein we report a case of intraosseous Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor in a 32 years old male patient with a clinical presentation of bony hard swelling in the left mandibular region. The diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathological findings and histochemical analysis.
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: report of two cases
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Shah Anita , Kansakar Sabina
Published: December 2019

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor that is pathologically and clinically distinct from both its neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma components. Confusion still exists regarding its histogenesis and therefore definite treatment protocol for its management has yet to be developed. Recent molecular characterization has been able to throw some light into the molecular profiles and mutations associated with the tumor. However, large scale studies are still to be carried out to unmask the true nature of this tumor. We report two cases of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, one of the rectum and another of the sigmoid colon.
Diagnostic utility of imprint cytology of endoscopic gastric biopsy: A cyto-histo correlation study
Authors: Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Nepal Niraj , Shrestha Rishab , Adhikari Utsav
Published: December 2019

Background: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a common procedure done for suspected cases of gastric malignancies. Histopathological examination of gastric tissue has been a gold standard for the diagnosis. Imprint smears of the gastric biopsy specimen is a useful and rapid alternative diagnostic tool. This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of gastric biopsy imprint cytology as compared to the histopathology.
Materials and Methods: Imprint smears were made from all cases of gastric biopsy specimens taken from suspected cases of gastric malignancies. They were evaluated by three pathologists and categorized in to negative for malignancy, suspicious of malignancy and positive for malignancy. The diagnosis given by imprint smears was compared with histopathology. With the help of sensitivity, specificity & accuracy and Kappa score, the agreement between the imprint smear and histopathology was determined.
Results: Among the total 79 cases, 49 cases were chronic non specific gastritis and 22 were adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of gastric biopsy imprint smear were 92.0%, 98.11% and 94.93% respectively. Kappa core was 0.88.
Conclusions: The gastric biopsy imprint smears is a rapid diagnostic tool and can be used routinely as an adjunct to histopathology in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies.
Colloid cyst of third ventricle: Histopathological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Karki Prasanna , Aryal Sameer Chhetri , Aryal Gopi , Panth Rajesh , Bohara Manoj , Joshi Sumit , Paudel Prakash , Shah Damber Bikram , Sharma Gopal Raman
Published: December 2019

Cysts occupying the third ventricle are rare lesions and may appear as an unusual cause of hydrocephalic crisis. A 40-year old woman with headache and one episode of fainting attack was diagnosed with a cystic lesion in the third ventricle after brain MRI study. She was operated with the pre-operative diagnosis of a colloid cyst. A yellowish, thick and mucoid cyst was observed intra-operatively. The total removal of the cyst was done along with the cyst wall. On histopathological evaluation, the cyst wall was lined by ciliated cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar epithelium resting on an eosinophilic basement membrane. The ultrastructural study showed the characteristic 9+2 pattern of cilia. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), and negative staining for Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histopathological and ultrastructural findings confirm the diagnosis of a colloid cyst of third ventricles favoring the endodermal origin of the cyst.
Correlation of histological grade with Estrogen, Progesterone and HER2/neu reactivity in breast cancer
Authors: Shrestha Girishma , Satyal Bandana , Sherpa Palzum
Published: December 2019

Background: Treatment modalities and prognosis of breast carcinoma depend largely on their hormone receptors (Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors) and HER2/neu profile. Various studies conducted within Nepal have highlighted their overall status in breast carcinomas but studies on their correlation with histological grade are few. This study aims to correlate hormone receptors and HER2/neu status with different histological grades of invasive breast carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of cases received at Intrepid Cancer Diagnostics, Nepal between January 2015 to December 2018 for evaluation of status of hormonal receptors and HER2/ neu on invasive breast carcinomas. Mastectomy and excisional biopsies were included for statistical correlation between hormone receptors, HER2/neu and histological grades (n=364). P-value<=0.01 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Of 364 invasive carcinomas categorized into grades 1, 2 and 3, Estrogen Receptor positivity was noted in 77.3% (34/44), 60.8% (115/189) and 28.2% (37/131) respectively; Progesterone Receptor positivity was noted in 61.4% (27/44), 52.4% (99/189) and 21.4% (28/131) respectively; HER2/neu positivity was noted in 18.2% (8/44), 20.1% (38/189) and 19.8% (26/131) respectively. Triple negativity was found to be 9.1% (4/44), 21.7% (41/189) and 41.9% (55/131) in grade 1, 2 and 3 carcinomas respectively.
Conclusions: Estrogen and Progesterone receptor expressing carcinomas were found to be more often of grade 1 category, with this rate declining through grades 2 and 3. No such correlation was noted for HER2/neu. Triple negative carcinomas were found to be of higher grade (grade 3).
Role of positive glucose challenge test only versus oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy outcome: a comparative study
Authors: Homagai Neha , Mainali Nirajan , Rijal Sikha
Published: December 2019

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance which is first recognized during pregnancy and is associated with a number of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia with an increased risk of shoulder dystocia and the need for neonatal intensive care. Maternal complications include pre-eclampsia and an increased risk of caesarean delivery. The objective of this study was to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with positive and negative oral glucose tolerance test following positive glucose challenge test.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational hospital based study of 120 patients admitted in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar with glucose challenge test positive pregnancy for delivery. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all the glucose challenge test positive pregnant and compared with various maternal parameters and newborn’s conditions.
Results: Among 120 patients included in the study, 28 (30.4%) cases were oral glucose tolerance test. Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 12 cases. Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 42, hypoglycemia in 32, respiratory distress in 44, birth asphyxia in 15 and macrosomia in 6 cases.
Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension and hyperbilirubinemia were found to be significantly higher in OGTT positive cases so early detection of GDM screening via is advisable
Histopathological study of cutaneous granulomas
Authors: Rajbhandari Aasiya , Adhikari Ram Chandra , Shrivastav Shreya , Parajuli Sudip
Published: December 2019

Background: Cutaneous granulomas comprise a wide spectrum of diseases that are frequently encountered. Since clinical assessment alone is insufficient in most of the cases, skin biopsies are a basic requisite in evaluating these lesions. Histopathological examination, although helpful in deciding the nature of granulomas and etiology in most of the cases, maybe noncontributory in some cases, thus requiring further ancillary tests such as microbial culture, polymerase chain reaction.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study enrolled 109 cases of skin biopsies after histopathological confirmation of granulomatous lesions. The specimens were received at the Department of Pathology from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018.
Results: Out of 650 skin biopsies, 109 cases (16.8%) were diagnosed as granulomatous lesions on histology. Male predilection was noted and age group of 31 to 40 years was the commonest affected. Upper extremities were more commonly involved. Leprosy was the commonest etiological agent and tuberculoid granulomas were the commonest type based on their histology.
Conclusions: Leprosy was the most common cause of cutaneous granuloma followed by Tuberculosis, fungal infection and foreign body reaction. Among the cases of leprosy, borderline tuberculoid leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy were the commonest subtype.
Consensus Algorithms Blockchain: A comparative study
Authors: Hattab Siham , Taha Alyaseen Imad Fakhri
Published: December 2019

A blockchain is a Distributed Ledger Technology that has been defined as a â€œdistributed, shared, encrypted database that serves as an irreversible and incorruptible repository of information. Blockchain can be defined as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger that is cryptographically secure, append-only, immutable and updatable only via consensus or agreement among peers. In blockchain platforms, each transaction in the public ledger is verified by consensus of the majority of the system participants in a transparent and secure way. The consensus algorithm refers to the process of attaining an unified agreement on the state of the network in a decentralized way and to facilitate the verification and validation of information being added to the blockchain. This paper aims at providing a comparison between most of the recent consensus algorithms regarding the scalability of the algorithm; the type of blockchain, node identity, the performance of the algorithm (in terms of throughput & latency) and Adversial Tolerance and to deliver a solid basis for discussions about current statistics. In this research, we also presented a new category of the Blockchain consensus algorithms, which consist of three groups as follows; the proof based on Hardware, the proof based on stake, and the proof based on voting.
Smart Medicine Drawers Using IOS Application and Arduino Board
Authors: Alkandari Abdulrahman , Almutairi Nayfah
Published: December 2019

As people age and engage with life, many people drop the commitments in things which become like a routine that they go on with There are many patients forget to take their treatment on time, while some of them take the treatment but in irregular schedules, which reduces the effectiveness of the treatment. The method of reminding patients their schedules by the nurse for the elderly and sitter kids is not considered a successful solution in some cases, because it relies on another person, who may probably omit or forgets the exact time. With the proliferation of smartphones, it requires a technology solution to help patients in determining medication schedules accurately and make them more controlling on taking their medication.

            This paper proposed an application running on the iPhone connecting with smart drawers through the Arduino Board. The primary purpose of this application is to organize and remind patients to take their medicines on the accurate time. Drawers can be opened and closed through the application.
Assessing Arabic language learning for deaf student: A Study of using mobile immersion in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jamaan, Jawaher , Shima Abdullah Zainatul
Published: December 2019

This study focuses on using m-learning in Arabic language learning for deaf student. A thorough planning has been organized on the methodology and the study research sequence, to ensure smooth organization of the research. The methodology of this research contains three sections. The first section is on the sample/participants chosen for the study, the second section focuses on the research design/procedures used in conducting the study and the third section is on the research experimental method. Finding of study showed that there is statistically significant difference between total scores before /pretest and total scores after/posttest in intervention program of writing skills for deaf students.
Halal Virtual Inspection Critical Control Point
Authors: Mohd Sulaiman Mohd Zabiedy , Noordin Nurulhuda , Md Noor Nor Laila , Suhaimi Ahmad Iqbal Hakim , Wan Mohd Isa Wan Abdul Rahim
Published: December 2019

The critical control points (CCP) are a vital component in product safety and control measures where the precautionary operation can be applied to reduce hazards in production. In halal certification (HC), it is significant to identify the CCP in order to confirm any products or services are halal. As a form of quality assurance system, HC which consists of several control measures used to emphasize the CCP from the Islamic point-of-view. However, it is a complex system and there are issues that require some action of improvement. If not handled properly, the key HC process such as Halal Inspection (HI) can lead to the operational inefficiency of the system. Therefore, the existing inspection method needs to adapt to the current situation and its operation must be improved. This article attempts to highlight the CCP of HI by focusing on the inspection process for small and medium-sized food premises conducted in Malaysia. This exploratory research is carried out qualitatively through several interviews with experts in HC field and observations on HI process at 10 food premises. The Work System Framework (WSF) and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) framework are used as the basis for this research. The outcomes uncovered numerous requirements for the HI process which will be a vital component that can be used to empower the existing HC system. In this context, the benefit of modern technological advancement such as virtual technology can effectively be utilized to expand the effectiveness of the HC system, mainly in the HI process.
HAÇLI SEFERLERİNE KATILAN KADINLAR
Authors: İSTEK Gülşen
Published: December 2019

1096-1291 yılları arasında cereyan eden Haçlı Savaşları, Ortaçağ’daki kadınların dünyasını anlamak için önemli hadiselerden biridir. Bu savaşlar sırasında Papalık Kurumu kendi hiyerarşisini yeniden sağlamlaştırırken ve siyasi yöneticiler de onlara bu hususta yardımcı olurken, savaşın en ağır yükünü halk çekmiştir. Nitekim dini duygularla manastır ve kiliseleri tek tek dolaşan papazlar, Müslümanlara karşı yapılacak savaşta halkın hem fiziksel hem de maddi desteklerine ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmiş, eli silah tutanların orduya katılmasını, malları olanların da mallarını “kutsal dava” uğruna fedakârca harcamalarını istemişlerdir. Onların bu vaazlarından sadece erkekler değil, kadınlar ve hatta çocuklar dahi etkilenmiştir. Bu duygularla kadınların bir kısmı savaşa katılırken büyük bir kısmı da evini ve çocuklarını geçindirmek mecburiyetinde kalmıştır. Savaşa katılan kadınların bazılarının ismi belliyken, tarihi kaynaklar kayıtlara geçmeyen on binlerce kadının olduğunu ve bunların da Haçlı Seferlerine katıldığını belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; 1099-1250 yılları arası Haçlı Seferleri’ndeki Hristiyan kadınların durumunu ortaya koymak ve bu kadınların bazılarını da ismen zikrederek aktarılanları desteklemektir. Bu bağlamda savaşa katılanlar ve katılmayanlar olarak kategorize edilen Haçlı kadınlarının, din adına yapılan savaşlarda yaşadıkları durumlar gösterilmek istenmiştir. Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında, öncelikle dönemin kroniklerine başvurulmuş, ardından çalışma Türkçe, Almanca ve İngilizce dillerinde kaleme alınmış çağdaş eserlerle de zenginleştirilmiştir.
السياسة الخارجية التركية حيال التضامن مع قطاع غزة 2006-2016: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: AKKARİ Musa , EL-AWAISI Abd Al-fattah , YATIBAN Aminurraasyid Bin
Published: December 2019

تتناول
هذه الدراسة مرحلة حساسة مرت بها العلاقات التركية الإسرائيلية، وذلك على ضوء
تأييد الحكومة التركية الجديدة بقيادة رجب طيب أردوغان للشعب الفلسطيني والتنديد
المستمر بالسياسات الإسرائيلية التعسفية، الأمر الذي أثار قلق الإسرائيليين من
جانب وعزز لديهم الشعور بأن بقاء حزب العدالة والتنمية في الحكم يعني بأن مرحلة
"شهر العسل" التي مرت بها العلاقة ما بين البلدين قد انتهت بلا رجعة. هذه
العلاقة أخذت منحى جديد بعد عام 2006 نتيجة
الحروب التي الإسرائيلية على قطاع غزة، مما أدى الى انزلاق العلاقة ما بين البلدين
نحو منحدر عميق، كانت أهم افرازاتها المشادة الكلامية التي جرت في منتدى دافوس
الاقتصادي، إضافة الى التصعيد الإعلامي ما بين البلدين، وحادثة إذلال السفير
التركي فيما عُرف بحادثة "الكرسي المنخفض"، ومن ثم الاعتداء الإسرائيلي
على سفينة "مافي مرمرة" وأسطول
الحرية. وفي محاولة لفهم تطور الأحداث وكيفية تعامل صناع
القرار في الحكومة التركية ازائها، سيتم اللجوء في هذه الدراسة الى النظرية
الواقعية في دراسة العلاقات الدولية، والقائمة على فهم المصلحة القومية التي تسعى
الدول للحفاظ عليها، الى جانب فهم توازن القوة.