bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRASMALL BACTERIA AND PERIODONTITIS – THE NOVEL LINK
Authors: S Balaji Ganesh
Published: January 2022

Periodontal diseases are triggered by an interaction between bacterial components of tooth associated biofilms and host immune response mechanisms. Candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacterial group is a recently identified, but highly diverse and abundant group of ultrasmall bacteria. CPR group includes Absconditabacteria (SR1), Gracilibacteria (GN02) and Saccharibacteria (TM7). Real time PCR and metagenomics based techniques are also employed to detect CPR species. TM7 organisms has been detected in periodontitis patients, HIVpositive patients with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, smokers with periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis cases and in mature plaque samples procured from orthodontic treatment undergoing individuals. It is found that TM7 isolate grow as short rods or cocci in dual-species biofilms with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra or Streptococcus gordonii. The positive association of ultrasmall bacteria or CPR microorganisms with periodontal diseases spotlights the capacity of ultrasmall bacteria to modulate the immune response. The CPR microbiome is enriched with virulence factors and is adapted to a parasitic lifestyle that leads to disrupted host homeostasis. This makes the individual susceptible to periodontal tissue destruction. In future, we should instigate researches to know more about the actions and properties of ultrasmall bacteria and their association with periodontal diseases. KEYWORDS: ultrasmall bacteria, periodontitis, Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) group, periodontal microbiology
NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL CYSTS OF DENTAL ORIGIN
Authors: Bukhari Syed Manzoor ul haq , Sharma Amrita Dhakal
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Radicular cysts (RC) of dental origin are slow-growing lesions which are asymptomatic in most of the cases. The management of RCs is still existing over a debate. Therefore, we present a study of nonsurgical management of pathological cysts of dental origin. AIM: To study the success of non-surgical management of patients presenting with pathological cysts of dental origin in terms of healing and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study was done in 25 patients presenting with pain and swelling in the Department of conservative and endodontics for a period of 2 years. The cystic cavity was opened and drained using various methods such as decompression, aspiration-irrigation, placement of intracanal Ca (OH)2 and lesion sterilization. RESULTS: The success rate of nonsurgical treatment was 80 % while 12% of cases presented with recurrence and 8% of cases had delayed healing. CONCLUSION: Follow-up and assessment of healing are essential after nonsurgical treatment of the cysts. The surgical approach is used for cases which are refractory to nonsurgical method. KEYWORDS: Nonsurgical method, Ca (OH)2 decompression, aspiration-irrigation, Cyst.
RISK FACTORS FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE- A REVIEW
Authors: Bukhari Syed Manzoor ul haq , Sharma Amrita Dhakal
Published: January 2022

A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through pre- emptive action is called as risk. This article explains about the evidence on the potential role of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with periodontal disease. It is important to understand the etiological factors and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease to recognize and appreciate the associated risk factors. As periodontal disease is multifactorial, effective disease management requires a clear understanding of all the associated risk factors. The local factors include pre-existing disease as evidenced by deep probing depths and plaque retention areas associated with defective restorations. Systemic risk factors recently have been identified by large epidemiologic studies using multifactorial statistical analyses to correct for confounding or associated co-risk factors. The study of risk in periodontal disease is a rapidly emerging field and much is yet to be learned. KEYWORDS: Periodontal disease, risk factors, host response, risk assessment
RARES CLINICAL ENTITY - IDIOPATHIC OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS
Authors: Kshirsagar Jaishree Tukaram , S Sangeetha
Published: January 2022

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), a noncaseating granulomatous inflammation is a rare disorder affecting the orofacial region which is clinically characterized by diffuse, nontender, soft to firm enlargement involving lip, tongue, gingiva, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and other intra-oral sites. The term Idiopathic Orofacial granulomatosis refers to conditions restricted to the oral region without any identifiable systemic granulomatous diseases. Though certain food and food additives, dental materials and various microbiological agents may be possible etiological agents, the definite cause has yet to be identified. The exact antigen inducing the immunological reaction differs in individuals. Evidence for the role of genetic predisposition to the disease is sporadic. Delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction appears to play a significant role. Early diagnosis and management prevent the systemic complications. Multidisciplinary approaches are evolved to achieve periodontal esthetics. This case report entails the overview of enlargement of lip and gingiva in a 28year old female of 2 years duration without any identifiable etiology and was treated by gingivectomy. KEYWORDS: Orofacial granulomatosis [OFG], Gingival enlargement, Corticosteroid therapy
ESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF GINGIVAL HYPERPIGMENTATION USING LASER AND SCALPEL TECHNIQUE – CASE SERIES
Authors: K Sathish Kumar , R Dhivya , T Ramakrishnan , K Priyadurga , M.A Mejalla
Published: January 2022

The complaint of darkly pigmented gums is common particularly in patients having a very high smile line and possess esthetic problems for them. The degree of gingival pigmentation depends on melanoblast activity. Various treatment options are in practice for depigmentation which include scalpel gingivectomy, free gingival graft surgery, use of chemicals, such as 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, bur abrasion, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and lasers. Among the various techniques, lasers offer a promising therapeutic option since it is simple, painless, and predictable. The laser has been recognized as the most effective and reliable technique having many advantages as compared to other conventional treatment modalities. It provides a bloodless and painless surgery. KEYWORDS: Scalpel, LASER, depigmentation, esthetics.
AESTHETIC APPROACH FOR EXTRACTED UPPER PRIMARY INCISORS IN A 4 ½ YEAR-OLD CHILD - A CASE REPORT
Authors: P.K Aravind , Guptha Vignesh , P Mahesh Kumar , M Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2022

The cornerstone of pediatric dental practice is successfully rehabilitating a preschooler with advanced carious lesions at esthetic level. Compromises such as decreased masticatory efficiency, impaired esthetics, and mispronunciation of labiodental sounds and development of atypical oral habits can occur due to the early loss of primary anterior teeth owing to trauma or caries. Parental desire is the most important element in deciding whether to place an anterior esthetic appliance to replace missing teeth. This case report details the fabrication of Groper's appliance for a 4 ½-year-old child diagnosed with rampant caries. KEYWORDS- Esthetic rehabilitation, Groper’s appliance, Primary teeth, Space loss
Comparative Study on Text Segmentation Techniques
Authors:   Associate professor, Smt. Tanuben & Dr. Manubhai Trivedi college of Information science, Surat, Gujarat,India., Patel Dr. Bharat C , Patel Dr. Jagin M ,   Assistant Professor, M. K. Institute of Computer studies, Bharuch, Gujarat, India.
Published: January 2022

Text segmentation, whether printed, handwritten or cursive, is one of the most complicated phases in any OCR. The accuracy of recognition will be heavily reliant on good segmentation. Image segmentation is a crucial component of image analysis and the field of computer vision. Researchers have developed several techniques for segmentation, each of which is used for different types of segmented objects. At present no any universal method is available for image segmentation. Existing image segmentation techniques are not capable to deal with images of any types. This survey looked at a variety of image segmentation techniques, evaluated them, and discussed the issues that came up as a result of using them
Resin Film Infusion Process: Numerical Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Ouezgan  , Mouad Bellahkim  , Said Adima  , Aziz Maziri  , El Hassan Mallil  , Jamal Echaabi
Published: January 2022

The liquid composite molding (LCM) belongs to the composite manufacturing processes. In this family, a fabric preform material is placed into the mold cavity, and then it is impregnated with a thermosetting resin of low viscosity, until the fiber skeleton is entirely filled and finally polymerized to create a polymeric composite product. Due to its advantages, LCM has gained attention and competitiveness against other composite manufacturing processes. The resin film infusion (RFI) belongs to the LCM family, but unlike the other variants, such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI), in which the liquid resin is injected or infused into the mold cavity, the resin in the RFI process is placed into the mold cavity in the semi-cured state. Then, under pressure and temperature, the resin film will be liquefied and impregnated the fibrous reinforcement in the thickness direction. This particularity permits to RFI to fabricate large complex composite structures and reduce significantly the equipment cost as compared to the conventional resin transfer molding processes. However, as this variant used only a vacuum bag as the upper half-mold, the fabricated part has non-uniformity in the thickness, low dimensional tolerances and low fiber volume fraction. The main objective of this paper is to propose a numerical algorithm allowing to study the influence of part thickness on the RFI’ filling time. Numerical simulation is based on the explicit finite difference method. The results obtained show that the filling time increases parabolically with the part thickness.
A Census of the Low Accretors. I. The Catalog
Authors: Thanathibodee Thanawuth , Calvet Nuria , Hernández Jesús , Maucó Karina , Briceño César
Published: January 2022

Observations have shown that the disk frequency and the fraction of accreting pre-main-sequence stars decrease with the age of the population and that some stars appear to have disks while their accretion has stopped. Still, it is unclear how disk-bearing stars stop their accretion. To provide insight into the last stages of accretion in low-mass young stars, we conducted a survey of disk-bearing stars that are thought to be non-accretors to identify stars still accreting at very low rates. Here we present the first catalog of the survey of 170 disk-bearing non-accreting stars in Chamaeleon I, Orion OB1, Upper Scorpius, γ Velorum, and Upper Centaurus–Lupus, using He i
λ10830 as a sensitive probe of accretion. We classify the line profiles into six types and argue that those showing redshifted and/or blueshifted absorption are still accreting. Using these classifications, we found that, among disk-bearing stars previously classified as non-accretors, at least 20%–30% are still accreting, with a larger fraction of those at younger population ages. While the difference between the outer disk signature and accretion status is unclear, we found a difference between the inner disk excess and accretion status. There is no preference in the mass of the newly identified accretors, suggesting that the processes inhibiting accretion do not directly depend on mass in the typical mass range of T Tauri stars. Lastly, we found that at a low accretion level, the “Hα width at the 10% height” criterion mischaracterizes a larger fraction of accretors than the line’s equivalent width.
Search for Intermediate-mass Black Holes at Low Redshift with Intra-night Variability
Authors: Shin Lael , Woo Jong-Hak , Son Donghoon , Cho Hojin , Kim Taewoo , Gallo Elena , Kang Wonseok
Published: January 2022

We present a sample of intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidates based on the detection of a broad Hα emission line and variability, which are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. By performing spectral decomposition of emission lines as well as a visual inspection, we initially identified 131 targets with a broad Hα line among a large sample of emission line galaxies. We further selected 25 IMBH candidates whose estimated black hole mass (M
BH) is less than 106
M
⊙. To constrain the nature of these candidates, we analyzed X-ray properties and performed an intra-night variability monitoring campaign with optical telescopes. Based on the optical variability analysis, we report a sample of 11 targets with detected intra-night variability as the best IMBH candidates, which are suitable for follow-up observations for accurate M
BH determination such as reverberation mapping campaigns.
Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar–Black Hole Binaries II: Fine and Hyperfine Structures Are Favored
Authors: Tong Xi , Wang Yi , Zhu Hui-Yu
Published: January 2022

A rotating black hole can be clouded by light bosons via superradiance and thus acquire an atom-like structure. If such a gravitational atom system is accompanied by a pulsar, the pulsar can trigger transitions between energy levels of the gravitational atom, and these transitions can be detected by pulsar timing. We show that in such pulsar–black hole systems, fine and hyperfine structure transitions are more likely to be probed than the Bohr transition. Also, the calculation of these fine and hyperfine structure transitions are under better analytic control. Thus, these fine and hyperfine structure transitions are more ideal probes in the search for gravitational collider signals in pulsar–black hole systems.
X-Ray Burst and Persistent Emission Properties of the Magnetar SGR 1830-0645 in Outburst
Authors: Younes George , Hu Chin-Ping , Bansal Karishma , Ray Paul S. , Pearlman Aaron B. , Kirsten Franz , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Göğüş Ersin , Baring Matthew G. , Enoto Teruaki , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Güver Tolga , Harding Alice K. , Majid Walid A. , Blumer Harsha , Hessels Jason W. T. , Gawroński Marcin P. , Bezrukovs Vladislavs , Orbidans Arturs
Published: January 2022

We report on NICER X-ray monitoring of the magnetar SGR 1830−0645 covering 223 days following its 2020 October outburst, as well as Chandra and radio observations. We present the most accurate spin ephemerides of the source so far: ν = 0.096008680(2) Hz,

ν

̇

=
−
6.2
(
1
)
×

10

−
14

Hz s−1, and significant second and third frequency derivative terms indicative of nonnegligible timing noise. The phase-averaged 0.8–7 keV spectrum is well fit with a double-blackbody (BB) model throughout the campaign. The BB temperatures remain constant at 0.46 and 1.2 keV. The areas and flux of each component decreased by a factor of 6, initially through a steep decay trend lasting about 46 days, followed by a shallow long-term one. The pulse shape in the same energy range is initially complex, exhibiting three distinct peaks, yet with clear continuous evolution throughout the outburst toward a simpler, single-pulse shape. The rms pulsed fraction is high and increases from about 40% to 50%. We find no dependence of pulse shape or fraction on energy. These results suggest that multiple hot spots, possibly possessing temperature gradients, emerged at outburst onset and shrank as the outburst decayed. We detect 84 faint bursts with NICER, having a strong preference for occurring close to the surface emission pulse maximum—the first time this phenomenon is detected in such a large burst sample. This likely implies a very low altitude for the burst emission region and a triggering mechanism connected to the surface active zone. Finally, our radio observations at several epochs and multiple frequencies reveal no evidence of pulsed or burst-like radio emission.
Impact of Cosmic Filaments on the Gas Accretion Rate of Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Zhu Weishan , Zhang Fupeng , Feng Long-Long
Published: January 2022

We investigate the impact of cosmic filaments on the gas accretion rate,

M

̇

gas

, of dark matter halos in filaments, based on cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. We find that for halos less massive than 1012.0
M
⊙,

M

̇

gas

of halos residing in prominent filaments (with width D
fil > 3 Mpc h
−1) is lower than halos residing in tenuous filaments (D
fil < 3 Mpc h
−1) by 20%–30% at z = 0.5 and by a factor of 2–3 at z = 0. However,

M

̇

gas

depends weakly on the physical distance between halo center and the spine of filaments from high redshift to z = 0 and only shows a clear difference between the inner and outer regions in prominent filaments at z = 0. We further probe the thermal properties of gas in prominent and tenuous filaments, which appear in relatively highly and intermediate overdense regions, respectively. The gas in prominent filaments is hotter. Around 26%, 38%, and 45% of gases in prominent filaments are hotter than 106 K at z = 1.0, 0.5, and 0.0, respectively. The corresponding fractions in tenuous filaments are merely ∼6%, 9%, and 11%. The suppressed gas accretion rate for low-mass halos in prominent filaments at z ≲ 0.5 may result from the hotter ambient gas, which could provide a physical processing mechanism to cut down the supply of gas to halos before they enter clusters. This process partially meets the need of the preheating mechanism implemented in some semianalytical models of galaxy formation but works only for ∼20% of halos at z < 1.
On the Angular Momentum Transport Efficiency within the Star Constrained from Gravitational-wave Observations
Authors: Qin Ying , Wang Yuan-Zhu , Wu Dong-Hong , Meynet Georges , Song Hanfeng
Published: January 2022

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (LIGO/Virgo) have recently reported in GWTC-2.1 eight additional candidate events with a probability of astrophysical origin greater than 0.5 in the LIGO/Virgo’s deeper search on O3a running. In GWTC-2.1, the majority of the effective inspiral spins (χ
eff) show magnitudes consistent with zero, while two (GW190403-051519 and GW190805-211137) of the eight new events have χ
eff > 0 (at 90% credibility). We note that GW190403-051519 was reported with χ
eff =

0.70

−
0.27

+
0.15

and mass ratio q =

0.25

−
0.11

+
0.54

. Assuming a uniform prior probability between 0 and 1 for each black hole’s dimensionless spin magnitude, GW190403-051519 was reported with the dimensionless spin of the more massive black hole, χ
1 =

0.92

−
0.22

+
0.07

. This is the fastest black hole ever measured in all current gravitational-wave events. If the immediate progenitor of GW190403-051519 is a close binary system composed of a black hole and a helium star, which can be the natural outcome of the classical isolated binary evolution through the common envelope phase, this extremely high spin challenges, at least in that case, the existence of an efficient angular momentum transport mechanism between the stellar core and the radiative envelope of massive stars, as for instance predicted by the Tayler–Spruit dynamo or its revised version by Fuller et al.
Thermal and Nonthermal Emission in the Optical-UV Spectrum of PSR B0950+08*
Authors: Abramkin Vadim , Pavlov George G. , Shibanov Yuriy , Kargaltsev Oleg
Published: January 2022

Based on recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations in the far-UV and ground-based observations in optical bands, Pavlov and colleagues have revealed a thermal component in the spectrum of the old pulsar B0950+08 (spin-down age 17.5 Myr) and estimated a neutron star (NS) surface temperature of (1–3) × 105 K. Our new HST observations in the optical have allowed us to resolve the pulsar from a close-by galaxy and measure the optical fluxes more accurately. Using the newly measured fluxes and a new calibration of the HST’s far-UV detector, we fit the optical-UV pulsar’s spectrum with a model that consists of a nonthermal power law (f

ν
∝ ν

α
) and thermal blackbody components. We obtained the spectral slope α = −0.3 ± 0.3, considerably flatter than found from ground-based observations, and the best-fit temperature in the range of (6–12) × 104 K (as seen by a distant observer), depending on interstellar extinction and NS radius. The temperature is lower than reported previously, but still much higher than predicted by NS passive cooling scenarios for such an old pulsar. This means that some heating mechanisms operate in NSs, e.g., caused by the interaction of the faster-rotating neutron superfluid with the slower-rotating normal matter in the inner crust of the NS.
A Scaling for Atmospheric Heat Redistribution on Tidally Locked Rocky Planets
Authors: Koll Daniel D. B.
Published: January 2022

Atmospheric heat redistribution shapes the remote appearance of rocky exoplanets, but there is currently no easy way to predict a planet’s heat redistribution from its physical properties. This paper proposes an analytical scaling theory for the heat redistribution on tidally locked rocky exoplanets. The main parameters of the scaling are a planet’s equilibrium temperature, surface pressure, and broadband longwave optical thickness. The scaling compares favorably against idealized general circulation model simulations of TRAPPIST-1b, GJ1132b, and LHS 3844b. For these planets, heat redistribution generally becomes efficient, and a planet’s observable thermal phase curve and secondary eclipse start to deviate significantly from that of a bare rock, once surface pressure exceeds


(
1
)

bar. The scaling additionally points to planetary scenarios for which heat transport can be notably more or less efficient, such as H2 and CO atmospheres or hot lava ocean worlds. The results thus bridge the gap between theory and imminent observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. They can also be used to parameterize the effect of 3D atmospheric dynamics in 1D models, thereby improving the self-consistency of such models.
Propagation of the Alfvén Wave and Induced Perturbations in the Vicinity of a 3D Proper Magnetic Null Point
Authors: Sabri S. , Ebadi H. , Poedts S.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present work is to study the propagation of the Alfvén wave around a 3D proper magnetic null point and its accompanying perturbations. In this line, the shock-capturing Godunov-type PLUTO code is used to solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. It is found that the Alfvén wave propagates toward the null point at the fan plane and the wave−wave interaction could be the main reason for the Alfvén wave energy dissipation, ehile, at two other planes including the spine axis, the Alfvén wave spreads toward the spine axis and accumulates along it. Furthermore, the fast magnetoacoustic wave moves toward the null point at the fan plane and also at two other planes including the spine axis. The fast magnetoacoustic wave also refracts around the null point without any significant accumulation along the spine axis. Finally, the slow mode moves toward the null point at the fan plane. It is illustrated that, at the x,z plane, in addition to the refraction of the slow wave around the null point, there is an accumulation of the slow mode along the spine axis, while, at the other plane including the spine axis, the slow magnetoacoustic wave refracts around the null point. Moreover, it is found that the 3D structure results in the high amplitude of MHD wave energy in comparison with the 2.5D structure. Finally, it is found that the Alfvén wave gives its energy to the induced fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves and they have more time to heat the plasma.
Development and Evaluating Content Validity of Clinical Skill Analysis Index Tools
Authors: Jamaludin Thandar Soe Sumaiyah , Nurumal Mohd. Said , Ahmad Norfadzilah , Muhammad Siti Aesah Naznin , Chan Chong Mei
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The current structured nursing clinical skill assessment checklist is steps driven and the soft skills component is fragmented and limited.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the face and content validity of a tool that had been developed to assess the current structured clinical skill assessment for the Malaysian undergraduate nursing program.

METHODS: The face and content validity of the instrument were examined based on the opinions of experts. The item content validity index and scale content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated by using the mean approach and inter-rater agreement. The content validity of the instrument was assessed by S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave. The scale was revised based on comments from a panel of eight experts in the first review stage and thereafter, evaluated by another group of three experts in the second review stage.

RESULTS: There were nine soft skills elements identified for the clinical skill analysis index (CSAI) tools in this study. Those were communication skill, social skill and responsibility, critical thinking skill, problem-solving skill, teamwork, leadership skill, professional and ethical decision-making skill, numeracy skill, and interpersonal skill. The findings at the face validity stage yielded ten domains with eight nursing core procedures areas being retained, based on 95% or more agreement from expert responses. The result of S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave of the CSAI tools yielded scores of 0.91 and 1 respectively.

CONCLUSION: Findings indicated that this instrument had an excellent face and content validity to assess the current structured clinical skill assessment for the Malaysian undergraduate nursing program.
Mitochondrial DNA-based phylogeography of the large ringlet Erebia euryale (Esper, 1805) suggests recurrent Alpine-Carpathian disjunctions during Pleistocene (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: Cupedo Frans , Doorenweerd Camiel
Published: January 2022

Most species of the butterfly genus Erebia are high altitude specialists, in which territorial fragmentation is associated with distinct genetic patterns. This is also true for the large ringlet, Erebia euryale (Esper, 1805), a species widespread across European mountain systems. Previous molecular studies revealed four lineages: two in the Alps, coinciding with the ssp. adyte and isarica, one in the Pyrenees and Cantabria (ssp. pyraenaeicola), and one in the Carpathians and the Balkans (ssp. syrmia). Two morphological subspecies inhabiting delimited ranges in the southern Alps (ssp. pseudoadyte and kunzi) were not included in these studies. To further our understanding of the relationships between populations, both the Alpine and the extra Alpine ones, we sequenced 1,496 bp of the COI gene in 16 Alpine and Jurassian populations and analysed them in combination with published Pyrenean and Carpathian sequences. The resulting haplotype network shows five lineages, congruent with the morphologic delineation of subspecies. Based on the current distribution ranges and genetic affinities, we reconstructed a pre-Würm phylogeographic scenario. This suggests an initial split resulting in an Alpine and a Carpathian clade, probably of Carpathian origin. Within the Alps, three subspecies subsequently differentiated, probably during several glacial cycles, generating ssp. adyte, pseudoadyte and kunzi. In parallel, the Carpathian clade underwent a second Alpine–Carpathian disjunction and differentiated into ssp. euryale and syrmia in the Carpathians, and ssp. ocellaris and isarica in the eastern Alps, revealing a heterogeneous origin of the E. euryale subspecies across the Alps. The Pyrenean and Jurassian populations are a relatively young divergence in the western part of the species’ range.
Les écoles et leur réputation
Authors: Barbana Samir
Published: January 2022

Ce chapitre montre que l’identité catégorielle constitue une entrée thématique qui permet de comprendre les modes d’appropriation locaux de l’évaluation externe et de la nouvelle norme évaluative et pédagogique qu’elle transporte au sein des classes. Plus la réalité du fonctionnement interne d’un établissement semble en accord avec l’identité catégorielle à laquelle l’école est rattachée, plus les acteurs de l’école s’attellent à réduire les potentiels effets déstabilisateurs de cette nouvelle norme évaluative et pédagogique qu’importe l’évaluation externe. Car cette déstabilisation remet en question l’habituelle adéquation entre les demandes du public qui est scolarisé dans l’établissement et la réalité qui s’y déploie. Inversement, quand le discours produit sur l’identité de l’école est inexistant ou en décalage avec la réalité intra-organisationnelle, on observe moins de résistance aux normes pédagogiques et évaluatives que l’évaluation externe introduit. Si ces organisations scolaires sont moins réticentes à l’idée d’incorporer les évaluations externes et ce qu’elles présupposent, c’est parce que leur marge de manœuvre est plus grande. En effet, dans ces établissements, l’audience n’attend pas des enseignants qu’ils agissent, comme le laisserait supposer une identité catégorielle aux contours plus figés.
Dominique Méda
Authors: Méda Dominique , Cardou Nicolas
Published: January 2022

La sociologue nous invite à reconstruire nos représentations de l’humain en adoptant un nouveau paradigme (le « prendre soin » en lieu et place de la conquête et de l’exploitation), de nouveaux indicateurs de richesse et une réduction du temps de travail (les 32 heures).
Le tournant néolibéral du musée
Authors: Mairesse François
Published: January 2022

Sommé de s’ouvrir toujours plus à de nouveaux publics par des moyens inhabituels, le musée fait l’objet de vifs débats au sein de l’ICOM. François Mairesse et Sébastien Appiotti , à travers une mise en perspective historique, mènent la controverse.
La transition reste à venir
Authors: Sharp Gwendolenn
Published: January 2022

Selon Gwendolenn Sharp , un nombre croissant de musiciens, d’organisations et de lieux de concert prennent conscience de l’impact environnemental de la musique. Mais on est encore loin d’avoir basculé dans une approche systémique.
Les micro-festivals peuvent-ils transformer l’expérience festivalière ?
Authors: Belime Pablo
Published: January 2022

Plus qu’un phénomène de mode ayant pris son essor pendant la pandémie, les micro-festivals, selon Pablo Belime , apparaissent comme l’expression de nouvelles logiques de diffusion et d’expériences culturelles, davantage respectueuses de l’environnement et des liens entre artistes et publics grâce à des espaces scénarisés plus intimistes.
Mac Miller, les démons d’un rappeur inclassable
Authors: Laurent Guillaume
Published: January 2022

Cet article propose d’investiguer l’histoire et la carrière fulgurante d’une jeune star du hip-hop en lutte avec de funestes problèmes d’addictions. Le tout dans un contexte dramatique de crise des opioïdes aux États-Unis. Plusieurs éléments cliniques permettant d’approcher la défaillance de certains étayages psychiques, que les consommations compulsives auront tenté de pallier, sont aussi abordés. En l’absence de biographie, ce travail a été réalisé à partir de l’étude de sa musique, de ses textes et des interviews qu’il a accordées.
Impact des réseaux sociaux sur la perception avant le jour du scrutin : étude de cas des élections européennes de 2019
Authors: Dugoin-Clément Christine
Published: January 2022

L’élection du Parlement européen de 2019 a fait l’objet d’un examen minutieux, car de nombreuses opérations d’influence visant l’opinion publique avaient fait l’actualité et semblaient mettre en évidence la possibilité d’influencer les opinions et les votes des citoyens. Une étude de terrain a été menée en France au cours des 30 jours précédant l’élection du Parlement européen. Il a observé l’effet d’avoir un autocollant sur les profils Facebook en termes de chambre d’écho, d’influence sur les utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux et l’effet de contenus chargés d’émotion sur les croyances et les habitudes de vérification des faits. Cette étude de terrain a analysé les premiers posts apparus sur les profils Facebook créés dans le cadre de l’étude empirique, et les entretiens menés avec les gestionnaires de profils. Nous avons constaté que les internautes peuvent être influencés plus qu’ils ne le pensent possible, et que cela a eu un impact sur leurs habitudes de vérification des faits, leurs perceptions du contexte et enfin leurs croyances.
La logique de structuration du conseil d’administration des sociétés anonymes non cotées au Cameroun : les résultats d’une étude qualitative exploratoire
Authors: Mfouapon Georges Kriyoss
Published: January 2022

Dans un contexte où le marché financier est en construction, où il n’existe pas de code de gouvernance des sociétés non cotées et où les actionnaires sont peu exigeants, la composition du conseil d’administration ne reposerait pas sur les mêmes logiques que celles des économies de marchés. Cette recherche vise à comprendre la philosophie de composition du conseil d’administration des sociétés anonymes non cotées au Cameroun. Les données analysées par la technique d’analyse thématique sont collectées par entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec les principaux membres du conseil d’administration de onze sociétés. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les calculs économiques et les considérations culturelles et sociales guident la composition du conseil d’administration. Ce dernier qui est envisagé comme un cadre de résolution des conflits du « milieu » et d’intégration des boundary spanners s’identifie plus au dirigeant-propriétaire et à la communauté d’encastrement social de l’entreprise.
La dissuasion, libres réflexions sur la grammaire stratégique française
Authors: Catar Lionel
Published: January 2022

Dans la culture stratégique française, la dissuasion revêt une dimension particulière bien au-delà de la simple « fonction stratégique » des Livres blancs. Elle est en effet le symbole d’un redressement et d’une indé­pendance nationale aboutie. Elle a également fait montre d’une dynamique d’adaptation conceptuelle face aux évolutions du monde. Ce sont autant de points d’ancrage solides pour affronter les défis contemporains : nouveaux champs de conflictualités, variété des pratiques dissuasives et contestation sociétale du nucléaire. Face à ces défis, cet article souhaite questionner la grammaire stratégique française en proposant une réflexion sur les « dissua­sions complémentaires », une présentation renouvelée des fonctions stratégi­ques autour de la notion de « dissuasion intégrale » et un impératif de trans­mission au sein du corps social de cette riche culture stratégique de la dissuasion.
Floating cage aquaculture production in Indonesia: Assessment of opportunities and challenges in Lake Maninjau
Authors: Junaidi  ,   Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Bung Hatta Padang, West Sumatera, 25133, Syandri Hafrijal , Azrita  , Munzir Abdullah ,   Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, Padang, Indonesia,   Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Bung Hatta University, Padang, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Aquaculture in floating cages in Lake Maninjau has recorded significant growth, even as the largest contributor to total annual aquacultural production in West Sumatra Province. In this study, we assessed the output of floating net cages in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. We analyzed the characteristics of fish farming, fish fry, feed supply, and production, and the challenges and opportunities for increasing aquacultural production in the future. We used purposive sampling in this study with an interview questionnaire to obtain information from 80 fish-cultivating households in Lake Maninjau. We then used descriptive statistical methods of data analysis. The results showed that in 2018, there were 17596 floating net cages. The majority (n = 33, 41.25%) of fish farmers have 20 to 40 floating net cages per household, and 67.5% (n = 54) are used for tilapia cultivation. We recorded that 77.5% (n = 62) of fingerlings were sourced from private hatcheries. Six companies supply commercial feed pellets in an amount of 2000 tons per month for aquaculture activities. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Ltd. provides 35% of the feed. The fish species cultivated were Nile tilapia, common carp, giant gourami, Clarias catfish, and pangasius catfish, with gross yields (kg/m3/cycle) of 12, 11.5, 10.4, 7.88, and 8.89, respectively. Fish farmers face challenging conditions: poor water quality, mass mortality of tilapia, high fish feed prices and low fish sale prices, and noncash payments. We recommend ensuring the development of floating net cages in Lake Maninjau for a more sustainable future. Therefore, it is necessary to operate as many as 6000 nets to meet guidelines for carrying capacity and cultivation based on the Regional Regulation of Agam Regency Number 5 of 2014 concerning the management of Maninjau Lake, which is accessible proportionally by eight villages. Giant gourami is prioritized for cultivation because it is resistant to poor water quality and high market prices.
Positive definite solution of non-linear matrix equations through fixed point technique
Authors: Shil Sourav ,   Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, TN, India, Nashine Hemant Kumar
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study is to solve a non-linear matrix equation of the form $ \mathcal{X} = \mathcal{Q} + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{m} \mathcal{B}_{i}^{*}\mathcal{G} (\mathcal{X})\mathcal{B}_{i} $, where $ \mathcal{Q} $ is a Hermitian positive definite matrix, $ \mathcal{B}_{i}^{*} $ stands for the conjugate transpose of an $ n\times n $ matrix $ \mathcal{B}_{i} $ and $ \mathcal{G} $ an order-preserving continuous mapping from the set of all Hermitian matrices to the set of all positive definite matrices such that $ \mathcal{G}(O) = O $. We explore the necessary and sufficient criteria for the existence of a unique positive definite solution to a particular matrix problem. For the said reason, we develop some fixed point results for $ \mathcal{FG} $-contractive mappings on complete metric spaces equipped with any binary relation (not necessarily a partial order). We give adequate examples to confirm the fixed-point results and compare them to early studies, as well as four instances that show the convergence analysis of non-linear matrix equations using graphical representations.
A Hardy-Hilbert-type inequality involving modified weight coefficients and partial sums
Authors: Huang Xianyong ,   Department of Mathematics, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China, Wu Shanhe , Yang Bicheng ,   Department of Mathematics, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China,   Institute of Applied Mathematics, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
Published: January 2022

In this article, we construct proper weight coefficients and use them to establish a Hardy-Hilbert-type inequality involving one partial sum. Based on this inequality, the equivalent conditions of the best possible constant factor related to several parameters are discussed. We also consider the equivalent forms and the operator expressions of the obtained inequalities. At the end of the paper, we demonstrate that more new Hardy-Hilbert-type inequalities can be derived from the special cases of the present results.
Wavelets and digital filters designed and synthesized in the time and frequency domains
Authors: Ďuriš Viliam ,   Department of Mathematics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, Nitra 94901, Slovakia, Semenov Vladimir I. , Chumarov Sergey G. ,   Department of General Physics, I. N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary 428015, Russia,   Department of Radio Engineering, I. N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary 428015, Russia
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the comparison is made for wavelets constructed in the time and frequency domains. The wavelets constructed in the time domain include all discrete wavelets, as well as continuous wavelets based on derivatives of the Gaussian function. This article discusses the possibility of implementing algorithms for multiscale analysis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional signals with the above-mentioned wavelets and wavelets constructed in the frequency domain. In contrast to the discrete wavelet transform (Mallat algorithm), the authors propose a multiscale analysis of images with a multiplicity of less than two in the frequency domain, that is, the scale change factor is less than 2. Despite the fact that the multiplicity of the analysis is less than 2, the signal can be represented as successive approximations, as with the use of discrete wavelet transform. Reducing the multiplicity allows you to increase the depth of decomposition, thereby increasing the accuracy of signal analysis and synthesis. At the same time, the number of decomposition levels is an order of magnitude higher compared to traditional multi-scale analysis, which is achieved by progressive scanning of the image, that is, the image is processed not by rows and columns, but by progressive scanning as a whole. The use of the fast Fourier transform reduces the conversion time by four orders of magnitude compared to direct numerical integration, and due to this, the decomposition and reconstruction time does not increase compared to the time of multiscale analysis using discrete wavelets.
Overexpressed PAQR4 predicts poor overall survival and construction of a prognostic nomogram based on PAQR family for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qu Caihao ,   Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China, Ma Tengda , YAN Xin , Li Xiaomei , Li Yumin ,   Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
Published: January 2022

Objective

We aimed to explore the expression and clinical prognostic significance of PAQR4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

We obtained the gene expression matrix and clinical data of HCC from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and international cancer genome consortium (ICGC) databases. The prognostic value of PAQR4 in HCC was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. PAQR4-related pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A clinical nomogram prognostic model based on the PAQR family was constructed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

We found that PAQR4 is overexpressed in HCC from multiple databases; additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the upregulation of PAQR4 in HCC. PAQR4 expression was related to age, grade, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), T classification and clinical stage of HCC patients. High PAQR4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients through Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis, respectively. In addition, GSEA identified that the high PAQR4 expression phenotype was involved in the cell cycle, Notch signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, etc. Finally, three PAQR family genes (PAQR4, PAQR8 and PAQR9) were associated with the prognosis of patients with HCC. A clinical nomogram prediction model was verified in TCGA training and ICGC validation sets, and it exerted dramatic predictive efficiency in this study.

Conclusions

PAQR4 may be regarded as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Tecno-ecologías de la presencia y la apertura afroindígena
Authors: Arregui Anibal G. , Canals Roger
Published: January 2022

En este ensayo proponemos concebir la selva y la red como tecno-ecologías de la presencia, a saber: dispositivos y contextos de relación orientados a hacer presente al Otro. Nos centramos en formas de generar co-presencialidad que, física o virtualmente, preceden al campo comunicativo, es decir, establecen las formas de relación entre los presentes como génesis (no resultado) del medio de comunicación. Comparando algunos de los usos comunicativos que los colectivos Afroindígenas hacen de la selva y la red, nos distanciamos de la idea de «medio de comunicación» como mero mediador tecnológico entre personas. Como alternativa, adoptamos una perspectiva relacional y ontogenética de los medios, atendiendo a cómo relaciones socio-ecológicas crean campos de co-presencialidad y comunicación. Desplazando la atención puesta en la naturaleza técnica de los medios hacia su génesis práctica y transformabilidad social, nuestros casos etnográficos muestran como los medios, en tanto que tecno-ecologías de la presencia, son configurados, reinventados, y permanentemente abiertos a la incorporación de la diferencia.
Clase y activismo urbano. Propuestas a partir de una investigación etnográfica
Authors: Mansilla López José Antonio
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad, las ciudades juegan un papel relevante en las dinámicas de acumulación del capital. En ellas, la dimensión espacial del proyecto neoliberal genera una serie de contradicciones y resistencias, en forma de movimientos sociales urbanos, que pueden ser interpretados bajo la consideración de su constitución como clases sociales. El barrio de Poblenou, en Barcelona, ha sido objeto de atención y transformación urbana desde hace décadas. Este artículo, como resultado de una investigación etnográfica de largo alcance enfocada en este tipo de procesos, realiza un análisis materialista de las acciones de grupos que históricamente han luchado contra formas específicas de desposesión en el entorno urbano particular que supone la capital de Cataluña.
Condición odorífica, gobierno olfativo y odoro-socialidad: etnografía nasal en la zona gris bilbaína
Authors: Mendiguren Nebreda Ander
Published: January 2022

Fruto de un proceso etnográfico iniciado a través de la auto-instrumentalización como voluntario en un centro de incorporación social para investigar con personas precarizadas en las zonas de abandono del Bilbao contemporáneo, este artículo aborda el giro sensitivo que aconteció durante el trabajo de campo. Centrado en el vínculo entre política y olor, propone una aproximación reflexiva y crítica que ensambla las antropologías de las violencias, el posestructuralismo y los estudios sensoriales. Partiendo de las propias percepciones olfativas y, específicamente, los desagradables aromas sentidos mientras acompañaba a los interlocutores, conceptualizo el propio yo como una totalidad carnal polisensorial tejida en entramados materiales y discursivos específicos. Tras presentar las premisas y los principales antecedentes de la denominada revolución sensorial en ciencias sociales, expongo las interpretaciones elaboradas a partir de la experiencia etnográfica. A pesar del entrelazamiento entre precarización, abandono y hediondez, el gobierno de la higiene corporal desplegado por las y los profesionales de la tecnología asistencial en la que he investigado deviene moralizador, individualizador y, en consecuencia, susceptible de acentuar la violencia simbólica de seres que tienden a ser responsabilizados de su destino. Asimismo, tanto la individualización como la racialización de la condición odorífica son elementos centrales de clasificación y jerarquización en la socialidad cotidiana de la zona gris bilbaína.
El hurto en las almadrabas del sur de Europa: entre la reciprocidad negativa, la reivindicación política y la economía moral
Authors: Florido-del-Corral David , Zambernardi Ambra
Published: January 2022

La economía almadrabera en el sur del Mediterráneo ha basculado históricamente entre diversos principios organizativos complementarios: reciprocidad, redistribución y mercado, pero siempre en el marco institucional de un sistema de relaciones comerciales de amplio alcance. Aprovechando apuntes etnohistóricos referidos a las almadrabas del Estrecho de Gibraltar (Andalucía, España) y de las islas de Cerdeña y Sicilia, los autores interpretan las prácticas de hurto y aprovechamiento de atún y otras especies por parte de los trabajadores en el marco de culturas laborales, que se entienden mejor si se entienden desde conceptos como reciprocidad negativa, economía moral o derechos consuetudinarios de aprovechamiento comunitario de bienes que pasan de un estado de naturaleza a otro de apropiación social.