bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformational Leadership Impact on Employee's Motivation: A Comparative Study of National and Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Fawad
Published: July 2023

Pakistan, being a developing economy, is in continuous transition to achieve its targeted developmental goals. In this regards, prime attention to the industrial sector is gaining importance. In the industrial sector, the pharmaceutical industry holds a significant role in meeting the national medicine demands and contributing to the country’s economic growth at the same time. Promoting the manufacturing sector not only requires appropriate leadership but also a pool of motivated workers who can achieve the objectives. This paper investigates the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation in the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Both local and multinational firms are taken into consideration. Data collected through a structured questionnaire from 503 respondents is analysed using SPSS 25. Results show that the application level of transformational leadership is higher in multinational companies as compared to the native companies. However, the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation is almost the same for both local and multinational companies.
A general clause of good conduct as one of the conditions for practising the profession of an attorney-at-law
Authors: Koman-Bednarczyk Angelika
Published: July 2023

Dobre obyczaje to konstrukcja normatywna klauzuli generalnej, która stanowi istotne zagadnienie z perspektywy Kodeksu etyki radcy prawnego i problematyki wykonywania zawodu radcy prawnego. Odsyłają one do niedookreślonych kryteriów i ocen pozaprawnych. Choć ze swej natury jest to nieostre i kontekstowe pojęcie, to odgrywa jednak istotną rolę w kształtowaniu właściwych postaw etycznych radcy prawnego. Obowiązek odkodowania dobrego obyczaju spoczywa na okręgowych sądach dyscyplinarnych, Wyższym Sądzie Dyscyplinarnym i na Rzeczniku Dyscyplinarnym. Czynności zawodowe podejmowane przez radcę prawnego niejednokrotnie prowadzą do pytań, w jaki sposób powinien on zachować się w konkretnej sytuacji. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza klauzuli generalnej dobrych obyczajów w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym w kontekście wykonywania czynności zawodowych przez radcę prawnego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metody badawcze adekwatne do przyjętych założeń badawczych, tj. metodę analizy terminologiczno-pojęciowej, analizy formalno-dogmatycznej i analizy uzasadnień orzeczeń sądowych.
Studi Multi Kasus Perilaku Moral Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Pada Paud Tahfidz dan PAUD Non-Tahfidz di Kota Tarakan
Authors: Nurwahida Nurwahida
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini berangkat dari semakin banyaknya orangtua yang memasukkan anaknya ke sekolah tahfidz dengan harapan anaknya memiliki perilaku agamis dan moral yang baik. Pada observasi awal, peneliti mendapati perilaku unik pada salah satu anak yang bersekolah di PAUD tahfidz. Perilaku unik yang muncul ialah sikap anak yang sangat tenang daripada anak sebayanya serta sikap tanggungjawab yang sangat tinggi pada diri anak, anak sangat patuh pada perintah dan larangan yang diberikan oleh orangtuanya, dan masih banyak lagi. Tujuan penelitian ini guna untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku moral anak, faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku moral tersebut serta bentuk perbedaan perilaku moral anak usia 5-6 tahun pada PAUD tahfidz dan PAUD non-tahfidz di kota Tarakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi multi kasus dengan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga metode yakni wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian masing-masing seorang anak dari PAUD tahfidz dan PAUD non-tahfidz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku moral yang muncul pada yaitu perilaku patuh dan menghormati orangtua, jujur, tanggungjawab, adil, menghormati orang lain, belas kasih, disiplin, mandiri, toleransi, kontrol diri, berani, sopan dan santun dalam perbuatan dan perkataan. Perilaku-perilaku tersebut muncul secara berbeda pada kedua subjek. Perbedaan ini utamanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor keluarga dan sekolah
User identification system based on 2D CQT spectrogram of EMG with adaptive frequency resolution adjustment
Authors: Kim Jae Myung , Choi Gyu Ho , Pan Sungbum
Published: July 2023

User identification systems based on electromyogram (EMG) signals, generated inside the body in different signal patterns and exhibiting individual characteristics based on muscle development and activity, are being actively researched. However, nonlinear and abnormal signals constrain conventional user identification using EMG signals in improving accuracy by using the 1-D feature from each time and frequency domain. Therefore, multidimensional features containing time-frequency information extracted from EMG signals have attracted much attention to improving identification accuracy. We propose a user identification system using constant Q transform (CQT) based 2D features whose time-frequency resolution is customized according to EMG signals. The proposed user identification system comprises data preprocessing and normalization, CQT-based 2D image conversion, convolutional feature extraction, and classification by convolutional neural network. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the proposed user identification system using CQT-based 2D spectrograms was 97.5%, an improvement of 15.4% and 2.1% compared to the accuracy of 1D features and short- time Fourier transform-based user identification, respectively.
Health Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome History: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu han , Fan Lina , Sun Lixia , Wang Haoran , Liu Mengchen , Sun Xianchang , Zhang Wenjuan
Published: July 2023

Backgrounds
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases that can impact a woman's health status throughout her life. Concerns have always been focused on women at adolescent or reproductive age, however the outcomes of PCOS occurring at their postmenopausal age have not been clarified.
Methods
We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the association between health outcomes of postmenopausal women and their experiences of PCOS. The relevant literature was searched from Embase databases, Cochrane Library and PubMed. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of relevant health parameters were calculated between postmenopausal women with PCOS history and the healthy controls. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association between PCOS and specific health outcome.
Results
Our study included 15 studies with 757 postmenopausal women with history of PCOS and 4211 controls. Compared to the controls, the following parameters were significantly higher among postmenopausal women with PCOS history: body mass index (BMI) (WMD = 3.28, 95%CI: 1.24 to 5.31, I2 = 96%, P = 0.002), waist circumference (WMD = 7.01, 95%CI: 3.24 to 10.78, I2 = 76%, P < 0.001), waist/hip ratio (WHR) (WMD = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.06, I2 = 93%, P = 0.030), triglycerides (WMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.77, I2 = 75%, P = 0.030), total testosterone (WMD = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.22, I2 = 51%, P < 0.001) and free androgen index (FAI) (WMD = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.05 to 2.59, I2 = 91%, P < 0.001). In addition, PCOS history was significantly associated with the outcomes of type 2 diabetes (OR = 4.09, 95%CI: 1.62 to 10.33, I2 = 72%, P = 0.003) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.93, 95%CI: 1.17 to 13.22, I2 = 67%, P = 0.030).
Conclusions
This study illustrated that women exposed to PCOS might have higher risk of health problems at their postmenopausal age. Our findings shed light on requirement of early intervention among women with PCOS, as well as targeted health supports to postmenopausal women who have a history of PCOS.
Experience of Mass Switching to Biosimilar Drugs in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Effectiveness and Safety. Intercambiosim Project
Authors: Corredor David Castro , Pascual Luis Ángel Calvo , Águila Vera Lucía Áreas del , Manzanedo Verónica Salas , Huaranga Marco Aurelio Ramírez , Peñas Marina González , Romero Javier Seoane , López Lourdes Martín de la Sierra , Evrard Eva Revuelta , Sánchez María Dolores Mínguez , Moya Elena Palacios , Degayon Elena Torres , Carrascosa Carlos Cebrián , Huertas Marcos Alfredo Paulino
Published: July 2023

Background A biosimilar is a biological medicine that contains a version of the active principle of a previously authorized original biological medicine (reference drug).Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biosimilars in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Methods Retrospective observational and descriptive study of patients diagnosed with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic disease. Patients who had switched from a biological medicine to a biosimilar antiTNF and rituximab, for at least 24 weeks were included. Statistical tests such as the chi-square test were used to assess the independence of categorical variables, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the independence between categorical and numerical variables, considering the heteroscedasticity of the groups.Results 364 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. 29.95% of patients discontinued treatment with the biosimilar: inefficacy in 87 patients (52 with primary failure and 35 with secondary failure), adverse effects in 18 patients and 4 patients discontinued it by their own decision. The mean disease activity at the beginning of the medication switch was 1.73 (± 0.93) in ASDAS, 8.73 (± 12.20) in DAPSA, and 2.60 (± 1.20) in DAS28, while at 24 weeks after the switch, the mean activity was 1.79 in ASDAS, 8.39 in DAPSA, and 2.62 in DAS28.Conclusions In our study, it was observed that 29.95% of the participants had to discontinue the use of the biosimilar drug, mainly due to its lack of efficacy, which exceeds the average reported in the current literature. Only 18 patients experienced some type of adverse effect, of which only 2 cases were severe. The mean activity levels measured by ASDAS, DAPSA, and DAS28 remained similar both at the beginning and at 24 weeks after the treatment switch, although patients with higher activity at the beginning of the switch presented higher activity levels at 24 weeks. Our data obtained in a real-life setting suggest that biosimilar drugs can be considered an effective and safe option in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. However, it is important to note that there is a significant rate of discontinuation of biosimilar use.
Effectiveness of Recovery Strategies after Training and Competition in Endurance Athletes - an Umbrella Review
Authors: Li Shuting , Kempe Matthias , Brink Michel , Lemmink Koen
Published: July 2023

Background
Recovery strategies are used to enhance performance and reduce injury risk in athletes. In previous systematic reviews, individual recovery strategies were investigated to clarify their effectiveness for mixed groups of athletes. However, the current evidence is ambiguous, and a clear overview of (training) recovery for endurance athletes is still lacking.
Methods
We conducted an umbrella review based on a literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Reviews published in English and before December 2022 were included. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible if they investigated the effectiveness of one or more recovery strategies compared with a placebo or control group after a training session in endurance athletes.
Results
Twenty-two reviews (nine systematic reviews, three meta-analyses, and ten systematic reviews with meta-analyses included) met the inclusion criteria. In total, sixty-three studies with 1100 endurance athletes were included in our umbrella review. Out of the sixty-three studies, eight provided information on training recovery time frame for data synthesis. Among them, cryotherapy and compression garments showed positive effects, while applying massage showed non-effect. In general, none of the included recovery strategies showed consistent beneficial effects for endurance athletes.
Conclusion
There is not a particular recovery strategy that can be advised to enhance recovery between training sessions or competitions in endurance athletes. However, individual studies suggest that compression garments and cryotherapy are effective training recovery strategies. Further research should improve methodology and focus on the different time courses of the recovery process.
Registration
The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the number CRD42021260509.
Causal effects of Atorvastatin on the improvement of erectile dysfunction:A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yan Qingxin , Zhou Wenjing , Chen Yan , Zhu Yinghong
Published: July 2023

Background and aim: There are currently no clear conclusions about whether Atorvastatin can improve ED.In the study, we found the causal relationship between atorvastatin use and the improvement of erectile dysfunction by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atorvastatin use and erectile dysfunction were selected from the MRC IEU Open Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) project.After standardized selection, the remaining SNPs were used as Instrumental variables estimation (IVs) of atorvastatin use for the following MR tests to evaluate the relationship between atorvastatin use predicted by genetics and the improvement of ED. In the study, the random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was selected as the primary analysis. At the end of the study, Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger regression, funnel plots，Leave-one-out method and MR-pleiotropic residual sum and outlier were used for sensitivity analysis.
Results: Genetically predicted atorvastatin use was strongly associated with improvement in ED in the IVW analyses(OR = 23.91, 95% CI 1.57–364.25; p = 0.022). No evidence of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, or outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms was found in the sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion: The results of this study found a causal relationship between atorvastatin use and the improvement of ED, providing evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Characteristics of bulk and monolayer VTe, including magnetic, phonon, and optical as affected by an electric field and biaxial strain
Authors: Jaafar. Mustafa M. , Al-zyadi Jabbar M. Khalaf
Published: July 2023

The generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory was employed to evaluate the electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics of the bulk and monolayer phases of the zinc-blende VTe compound. According to phonon calculations, this compound is dynamically stable. The compound displays half metallicity in the bulk phase when the lattice constant is at equilibrium at 8.54 Å, in addition to a gap in the energy of 1.19 eV in the spin-down channel. It maintains the half-metallic property once transitioning to the monolayer with an assumed energy gap of 0.36 eV at the equilibrium lattice constant of 12.1 Å. The half-metallic property can still be preserved for strong strains. The electric fields have a considerable influence on the monolayer and a remarkable outcome on the size of the energy gap. Moreover, the optical characteristics of the spin channels have semiconductor properties and can be used in optoelectronic devices. The outcomes demonstrate that this compound has potential for use in spintronic applications.
Library resource library management based on modern information technology and reconfigurable mobile information systems
Authors: Zhang Fengbin
Published: July 2023

Library resource library management based on modern information technology and reconfigurable mobile information systems have attracted much attention from researchers of academia. As a typical application of reconfigurable mobile information systems, the construction of digital library, the introduction of computer automation technology into the field of library resource management, and the realization of automatic classification of book information are of great significance to the realization of digitalization and sharing of book resources. Library resource management is the one and complex tasks in library work. It has been done manually by book authors or book cataloguers for a long time. However, number of books has surged, and the domain knowledge involved in the books has become more and more extensive. It is impossible to manage the library resources manually. In the context of building a digital library, the introduction of computer automation technology into the field of library resource management to realize automatic classification of books and information, and is of great significance to the realization of digitization and sharing of book resources. They have been proven to be advantageous in various fields, including the field of natural language processing. This paper introduces the LSTM model into the field of Chinese library resource management, and tries to propose a classification system with practical application value. The main research work :The Chinese library resource is designed LSTM model, and three experiments are designed on this basis: the coarse-grained book single classification experiment, different measures on the classification results; the fine-grained book single classification experiment, to compare The advantages and disadvantages of direct classification and layer-by-layer classification; coarse-grained book multi-classification experiments to explore the feasibility of multi-classification. After analyzing the experimental results, the model has achieved a good classification effect, and overcomes some deficiencies in the library resource library predecessors, and has a strong practical application value.
Improvement studies for building capacity at Bali State Poly-technic
Authors: Suasira I Wayan , Suardika I Nyoman , Jaya I Made , Yuni Ni Kadek Sri Ebtha , Yuliana Ni Putu Indah
Published: July 2023

Bali State Polytechnic has 6 majors, with 32 study programs. As many prospective students are interested in studying at  the  Bali State Polytechnic, it is not in line with the addition of classrooms. Until the 2021, PNB ideally needs 214 classrooms, while the number of available rooms is 142 classrooms. Thus PNB in 2021 still has a shortage of 72 learning rooms. In this study, a case study was taken in a Civil Engineering lecture building with a study of increasing space capacity through adding floors to existing buildings. The research was conducted by analyzing the strength of the building in terms of structure. The methods used are field studies and data analysis. Field studies are carried out through testing on the strength of existing structures, then from the results of field studies continued by analyzing additional designs. The capacity of the lecture building at the Bali State Polytechnic can be increased because the strength of the existing lecture building structure is able to bear the load due to the addition of space capacity from 2 floors to 3 floors.
Микродуговое оксидирование как способ снижения биодеградации сплава Mg-Ca-Zn
Authors: Шишелова А.А. , Марченко Е.С. , Бутягин П.И. , Ахмадиева А.
Published: July 2023

In this work, the influence of the exposure time in the electrolyte during microarc oxidation of the Mg-Ca-Zn alloy on the structural-phase composition and biodegradation is studied. The test results showed that the exposure time is 5 min. not enough to form a uniform coating. The coating is amorphous and consists of elements O, P, Mg with F-based inclusions. It has been established that the formed coatings successfully reduce the biodegradation of the Mg-Ca-Zn alloy, as evidenced by a significant reduction in weight loss under in vitro conditions.
Changing epidermiology of liver cancer burden from 2010 to 2016 in China: NASH is the fast growing cause (Preprint)
Authors: Tian Tian , Yang Yangyuna , Wu Jie , Shan Jianzhen
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

With the rising prevalence of obesity, increasing alcohol consumption and the advances in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) treatment, liver cancer epidermiology gradually changes. However, the impact of these changes on liver cancer burden in China remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess temporal trends in liver cancer burden across the whole country and 33 province-level administrative regions and the contributions of various liver cancer etiologies in China from 2010 to 2016.

METHODS

In this observational trend study, we collected data on incident cases, deaths cases, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and age-standardised incidence/death rate for liver cancer between 2010 and 2016, by sex, age and cause using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016. The ASRs of liver cancer-related incidence and mortality in 33 province-level administrative regions of China were obtained from the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR), which collected registration data from 2016 from a total of 682 cancer registries. The estimated annual percentage changes in the age-standardised incidence/death rate were calculated to quantify the changing trend.

RESULTS

Between 2010 and 2016, there was a 25% increase in incident liver cancer cases and a 22% increase in liver cancer deaths in China, while the ASIR and ASDR remained stable. South China, especially rural South, had the highest ASIR and ASDR of liver cancer, while North China had the lowest incidence rate and death rate in the whole country in 2016. The proportion of alcohol and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-assoicated liver cancer incidence and death increased, while the proportion of HBV-associated liver cancer incidence and death decreased between 2010 and 2016. NASH was the only etiology with an increase in liver cancer ASIRs, and alcohol also showed the fast growing incidence of liver cancer in some age groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Urgent measures are required at a national level to tackle the underlying metabolic risk factors and slow down the rising burden of NASH-induced liver cancer.
Analysis of Beef Halal Critical Points with Halal Logistics Approach and Risk Management
Authors: Qisthani Nabila Noor , Hidayatuloh Syarif , Kasanah Yulinda Uswatun
Published: July 2023

The increase in the number of certified halal products shows the Indonesian people's increasing level of awareness of the halalness of a product. In addition, people are also increasingly curious about all the activities involved along the supply chain to ensure whether the products they buy are genuinely halal. One of the consumer products that need to be traced to the halal supply chain is beef products because there is a risk of contamination throughout the supply chain from raw materials, production processes, distribution, storage and handling. Calculation of risk in this study will use the House of Risk (HOR) method. This research focuses on the process of inbound and outbound logistics and the beef slaughtering process at the Purwokerto Slaughterhouse. The results of this study obtained 26 risk events and 28 risk agents. Based on risk mapping using phase 1 and Pareto HOR diagrams, 11 risks are prioritized based on the highest ARP values, namely A15, A25, A19, A7, A5, A28, A6, A2, A16, A17, and A21. Moreover, it made 14 recommendations for mitigation actions that the company can apply to control these risks.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme Dan Locus Of Control Terhadap Kinerja Auditor Internal
Authors: Saptian Hadi  , Ruslina Lisda
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze how big the influence of Professionalism and Locus of Control to the Performanc of Internal Auditors. The sampel of this research is Internal Auditor at Inpektorat Provinsi Jawa Bara. The method used in this research is descriptive and verifikatif method. Data collection techniques are done through primary data by distributing questionnaires. Statistical analysis used in this research is validity and reliability test instrument, classical assumption test, multiple linier regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient determination test, hypothesis testing (t test), and hypothesis testing (f test) with SPSS for Windows support. The result showed that partiall Professionalism and Locus of Control affect the Performance of the Internal Auditors. The amount of influence of Professionalism to the performance of internal auditors is 23,6 %. The amount of Locus of Control on the performance of internal auditors is 36,3 %. Simultaneously there is influence of Professionalism and Locus of Control affect the Performance of the Internal Auditors. Professionalism and Locus of Control give influence of 59,9 % to company performance. While the remaining 40,1 % is the influence of other factors outside the variable being studied.
Loose Part Media Publications Based on Scopus: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Karomah Rosi Tunas , Ramadhan Syahrul
Published: July 2023

Loose part media is part of children's learning. With this media, learning outcomes can be effective. This study aims to present the literature results related to loose part learning media. The data taken came from the help of the r studio program, which is bibliometric r-packages software. The type of data listed is journal articles. In this study related to loose parts, there were increases and decreases in publication numbers, and the highest production peaks in 2018 were 30 articles. The author who produces the most articles about loose parts media for early childhood is Cao, with 14 articles. The country that produces the most articles related to loose parts is the USA, with 332 articles. Most author affiliations are at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, growing from 2007 to 2023, producing 63 articles. The topic trend is that more and more researchers are using loose part materials in various fields, which will make the research carried out more meaningful and more up-to-date.
Organ adlarının yer-yön ilişkili anlamları üzerine etimolojik ve semantik bir inceleme
Authors: BEYİTOĞLU Yahya Kemal
Published: July 2023

Söz varlığı, bir dilin sözlü ve yazılı kaynaklarında yer alan ve bir milletin kültürünü şekillendirip devamlılığını sağlayan en önemli ögelerden biridir. Söz varlığı, bir dilin kültürel ve tarihî mirasını yansıtması yanında dil incelemeleri, dil eğitimi ve dil bilimi çalışmaları bakımından da dikkat çeken bir konudur. Bir dilin oluşumundaki ilk sözcükler, o dilin “çekirdek” ya da “kalıt” sözcükler adı verilen temel söz varlığını temsil eder. Dillerin temel söz varlığının ise insan ve insan gereksinimleri ekseninde geliştiği ve yaygınlaştığı söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda, organ adları dillerin temel söz varlıkları içerisinde öncelikli bir konumda yer almaktadır. Türkçedeki organ adları da ilk anlamlarına bağlı olarak kazandığı yan anlamlarla çok anlamlı ve oldukça yaygın bir kullanıma sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Orhon Yazıtları ile Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’te tanıklanan ve yer-yön ilişkili anlamları Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, Tarama Sözlüğü ve Derleme Sözlüğü’de tespit edilen organ adları (ağız, alın, arka, ayak, bağır, baş, bel, boğaz, boyun, burun, dış, göz, iç, kaş, kulak, yüz), etimolojik ve semantik açılardan incelenmiştir. Böylece söz konusu organ adlarının dilin kullanımı, kültürel etkiler gibi özelliklere bağlı olarak gerçekleşen anlamsal ve biçimsel değişimleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Söz konusu organ adlarının anatomik anlamları ile yer-yön ilişkili anlamları arasında biçim ve/veya işlev bakımından bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca arka, iç, dış sözcüklerinin başat anlamlarının anatomik olduğu ancak zamanla sözcüklerin bu anlamlarının kullanımdan düşerek yer-yön ilişkili anlamlarının yaygınlaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Kırgızlara Türkiye Türkçesi Öğretiminde C1 Seviyesindeki Öğrencilerin Konuşma Becerisi Performans Düzeylerinin Saptanması
Authors: BARCIN Sibel
Published: July 2023

Dil öğretiminde okuma, dinleme, konuşma ve yazma becerilerinin rolü büyüktür. Bu araştırmada C1 seviyesinde Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenmekte olan Kırgız öğrencilerin konuşma becerisi performans düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesinde C1 seviyesinde Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenmekte olan 26 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede öğrencilere günlük hayatta sıklıkla karşılaşabilecekleri birer soru sorulmuştur. Konuşma için konu belirlerken hangi amaçla konuşulacağına önem verilmiştir. Öğrencilerin performans düzeylerini daha güvenilir şekilde ölçülmesi için dereceli puanlama anahtarından faydalanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde telaffuz ve vurgu dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde öğrencilerin Türkiye Türkçesini genel olarak doğru seslendirebildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bir diğer bulguya göre bazı öğrencilerin konuşmalarında ana dillerini yansıttıkları görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin konuşma becerilerini geliştirmek üzere etkinliklerin hazırlanması önerilmiştir.
Tarihî Türkçe metinlerin doğal dil işleme yöntemleri ile incelenmesi
Authors: KUBİLAY Yasemin , GÜVEN Meriç
Published: July 2023

Son yıllarda bilişim teknolojileri alanındaki gelişmelere bağlı olarak dilleri, bilgisayarlı dilbilim ve doğal dil işleme (DDİ) yöntemleriyle incelemek, çözümlemek ve yapılandırılmış verilere dönüştürmek olanaklı hâle gelmiştir. Türkçenin tarihî dönemleri ile ilgili eş dizimlilik, birliktelik kullanımı, semantik prozodi ve semantik harita çalışmalarının azlığı bizi bu konuları hesaplamalı perspektifle inceleyen bir çalışma yapmaya sevk etmiştir. Araştırmamızda tarihî Türkçe ile yazılmış eserlerde de semantik ağları görüntülemek için münasip kelime hazinesinin mevcut olduğu görülmüştür. İki veya daha çok kelimenin alışkanlıktan kaynaklanan birlikte kullanımları şeklinde tanımlanan eş dizimlilik kavramına göre, bazı kelimeler yalnızca belirli sözcüklerle kullanılma temayülü gösterir. Birlikte sıkça kullanılan kelimeler zamanla aynı çağrışım özelliklerini kazanır, anlam ve biçim bakımından kalıplaşır. Bir biçime eş dizimlilikleri tarafından aşılanan kalıcı istikrarlı anlam aurası ise semantik prozodi olarak tanımlanır. Bu anlam aurası, incelememiz sırasında somut bir şekilde karşımıza çıkmıştır. Çalışmamızda seçilen her kavramın Python programlama dilinde, GraphViz Kütüphanesi ile oluşturulan semantik haritası üzerinde anlam aurası gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca “eş dizimli” ögeleri tespit etmek üzere makine öğrenmesinin bir alanı olan DDİ yöntemlerinden kelime yerleştirme (word embedding/vectorization) ile metin madenciliğinde, makine öğrenmede ve DDİ tekniklerinde yararlanılan GloVe kütüphanesi kullanılarak hazırladığımız yazılım ve Tensor Flow Kelime Yerleştirme Projektörü yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Metinler, bilgisayar ortamına düz metin dosyası (.txt) olarak aktarılmış, metinlerdeki eş dizimli kelime varlığı yazılımlara işlenmiş ve Log-likehood, MI değeri, T-skoru, Dice coefficient değeri gibi farklı istatistik analizleri ile de eş dizimlilikler incelenmiştir. Metinlerdeki eş dizimliliklere ait istatistikleri, kelime sıklıkları, vektörel temsillerinin DDİ’de kullanılan yazılımlar aracılığıyla genel olarak çıkarımları amaçlanmıştır. Sayısallaştırılan metin istatistikî değerleriyle işlenmiş ve ulaşılan veriler görsel olarak gösterilmiştir. Araştırmamız, özellikle Türkçenin tarihî dönem eserlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacak; eş dizimli yapıların tespiti sayesinde tarihî metinlerde satır arası sözcüklerin anlamlandırılması, anlam auralarının keşfi kolaylıkla yapılabilecektir. Gelişen bilgisayar teknolojileri sayesinde yeni yazılımlar ile anlam haritalarının, sözcüklerin vektörel şemalarının ve anlam auralarının somut gösterimi sağlanacaktır.
Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Kur’an tercümeleri ve Kurd Efendi’nin eserleri üzerine
Authors: SANCAKTAR Fatma Nisa
Published: July 2023

Tercüme yani çevirinin tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar eskiye gitmektedir. Nerede bir kültür var olmuşsa orada bilgi aktarımı için tercümelere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Her toplumda olduğu gibi Türkler de yakın oldukları komşu toplulukların dillerinden ve dinlerinden etkilenmişler ve onları da etkilemişlerdir. Türklerin kabul ettikleri dinler sayesinde farklı kültürlerle olan etkileşimi artmış, dil, kültür, sanat, edebiyat hatta yaşam şekline kadar bazı değişiklikler oluşmaya başlamıştır. İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra ise yeni benimsedikleri bu dini öğrenmek, okuyup anlamak, birilerine aktarabilmek ve sosyal yapıyı İslamiyet’le uyuşturmak amacıyla Kur’an-ı Kerim’e, Kur’an-ı Kerim’in tercüme ve tefsirlerine önem vermişlerdir. Dâhil olunan bu yeni dinin öğretilerini kavrayabilmek için evvela kutsal kitabın muhtevasını anlayabilmek bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiş ve yeni bir ilim sahası ortaya çıkmıştır. Kur’an, insanlığın anlaması ve yaşaması için gönderilen kutsal bir kitaptır ve dili Arapçadır. Bundan dolayı başka dillere tercüme etme gereği duyulmuş ve tefsir gibi ilmi çalışmalarla da insanoğlunun mukaddes kitabı anlaması, kavraması, esasların ve kuralların gereği gibi öğretilmesi sağlanmıştır. Kur’an’ın diğer dillere tercümesinin Hz. Peygamber dönemine kadar dayandığı söylenebilir. Türkler de İslamiyet’le birlikte bu tefsir çalışmalarına dâhil olmuşlardır. İlk aşamada Fâtiha, İhlâs, Yâsin, Tebâreke gibi kısa surelerin tercümeleri ve tefsirleri yapılmıştır. Osmanlı döneminde de bu faaliyetler artarak devam etmiştir. Yine bu dönemde; yaygın hale gelen, yaygın hale gelmeyen ve kısmı tefsir çalışmaları olmuştur. Bunların arasında Ebü’l-Leys es-Semerkandî’nin Tefsirinin Tercümeleri, Hüseyin Vâiz-i Kâşifî’nin Mevâhib-i ‘Aliyye’sinin Tercümeleri, Hıdır b. Abdurrahman el-Ezdî’nin et-Tibyân Fî Tefsîri’l-Kur’ân’ının Tercümesi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yukarıda zikredilen tefsir tercümelerinin yanı sıra Osmanlı müelliflerinden, halveti şeyhi olan ve Sultan III. Murad’ın iltifatlarına mazhar olan Kurd Efendi’nin hayatı ve eserleri incelenecektir. Kurd Efendi’nin Berlin Devlet Kütüphanesi’ndeki Kur’an-ı Kerim tefsiri, yüksek lisans tezi olarak çalışılma aşamasındadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı döneminde yapılan Kur’an tercümelerine ilaveten Kurd Efendi’nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında bilgi vererek dil, tercüme ve çeviri faaliyetlerine katkı sunmaktır.
Güncel iş ilanlarında çevirmen profili
Authors: ŞULHA Pelin , UĞURLU Yonca Gül
Published: July 2023

Günümüzde yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler her alanı olduğu gibi çeviri sektörünü ve buna bağlı olarak çevirmenden beklenen hizmetleri ve performansı etkilemiştir. Söz konusu gelişmeleri açıkça görebileceğimiz ortamlardan biri ilanların yer aldığı dijital platformlardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yayınlanan çevirmen ilanlarında günümüzde aranan çevirmen özelliklerini temel alarak profil oluşturmak ve bu sayede çeviri öğrencilerinin sektörü tanımalarına olanak sağlamaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için LinkedIn platformunda 10 Mart 2023 tarihinde erişilen 49 çevirmen ilanı seçilmiştir. Seçilen ilanlar tümevarımsal içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve belirlenen kategoriler kapsamında çözümlenmiştir. Bu kategoriler arasında sektörel dağılım, mezuniyet, deneyim, dil dağılımları ve aranan nitelikler bulunmaktadır. Çevirmen ilanı veren sektörler, diğer kategoriler özelinde ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Çeviri gereksinimi olan sektörler arasında sağlık, medya, emlak, bilişim teknolojileri, dil hizmetleri ve yerelleştirme, insan kaynakları, ticaret şirketleri ve eğitim yer almaktadır. İlanlarda çevirmenlerin mezun oldukları bölümler göz önüne alınarak taleplerin ağırlıklı olarak hangi bölüme yöneldiği ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca aranan çevirmenler için deneyimin dikkate alınıp alınmadığı ve hangi dil veya dil çiftlerinde çevirmen arandığı incelenmiştir. Son olarak da çevirmenlik mesleğine özgü beceriler ve sosyal beceriler irdelenerek, modern çevirmenlerin sahip olması beklenen özellikler bir araya toplanmış ve bir profil elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, dil ve yerelleştirme sektörü dışında ülkemizde çevirmen yetiştiren kurumlar olmasına rağmen hala ilanlarda çeviri bölümü mezunu olma gerekliliğinin aranmadığı, dil ve yerelleştirme ile medya sektöründe mesleki deneyim şartı aramasına rağmen diğer sektörlerde bu şartın aranmadığı görülmüştür. Bu durum diğer sektörlerin yeni mezun öğrencilere daha açık olduğunu ve bu sektörlerde iş olanaklarının daha fazla olduğunu gösterir. Ticaret şirketleri sektörü hariç tüm sektörlerde İngilizce ilk aranan dil olmakla birlikte özellikle medya sektöründe İspanyolca ve Arapça dillerinin arandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca tüm sektörlerde mesleki becerilere ek olarak sosyal beceriler kapsamında kişilerarası iletişim ile bireysel gelişim ve motivasyon özelliklerinin ağırlıklı olarak arandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sektöre göre değişiklik göstermekle birlikte proje yönetimi, MS Ofis programları ile çeviri teknolojilerini kullanma ve sosyal medya kullanımı çevirmen adaylarında aranan diğer nitelikler arasındadır.
Suat Derviş’in “Fosforlu Cevriye” adlı eserinin Gürcüce çevirisinin erek odaklı çeviri kuramı ışığında çeviri stratejileri ve işlemleri açısından incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gül Mükerrem
Published: July 2023

Gürcü edebiyat dizgesinden, Türk edebiyat dizgesine yaptığı çevirilerle tanınan Nodar Canaşia çeviri tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Gürcü dilinden yapmış olduğu çevirilerle Türk kültür ve edebiyat dizgesine büyük katkılar sunan Canaşia, Türk kültür değerleriyle, Gürcü kültürünün değerlerini harmanlayarak ele almıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini Fosforlu Cevriye adlı eser ve Nodar Canaşia tarafından “ფოსფორიანი ჯევრიე” (Posporiani Cevriye/Fosforlu Cevriye) adlı çevirisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ünlü Türk gazeteci ve yazar Suat Derviş’in 1968 yılında kaleme aldığı “Fosforlu Cevriye” adlı Türkçe özgün roman ile Gürcü dil bilimci, ve Türkolog Nodar Canaşia tarafından Gürcüceye aktarılan eser ele alınarak Toury’nin Erek Odaklı Çeviri Yaklaşımı ışığında eser kuramı bakımından incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda çeviri stratejileri açısından yapılan incelemelerde Mona Baker’a ait çeviri stratejilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda Toury’in ileri sürdüğü süreç öncesi çeviri normları, çeviri süreci normları gibi incelemelere de yer verilmiştir. Kaynak metnin erek metne aktarılmasında çevirmenin uyguladığı yöntemleri etkili yöntemleri, dilbilgisi, sözdizimi ve biçemini incelemek hedeflenmiştir. Bundan dolayı kaynak metinden seçilen ifadeler ve onların Türkçe çevirisi karşılıklı tahlil edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, Canaşia’ya ait çeviri eserde kaynak metne yakın ve uygun çeviri tercihlerinde bulunulduğu ve yazıldığı dönemin tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamının da etkisiyle açımlama ve açıklama stratejisine başvurulduğu, çeviri tercihlerinde yer yer farklılıkların yer aldığı bilgisine ulaşılmıştır.
A Comparative Analysis of the Characters Heathcliff and Edgar Linton through Reaction Formation Mechanism
Authors: ÇOLAK Raşit , DUMLUPINAR Gülcan
Published: July 2023

Many authors including Anna Freud have studied Defense Mechanisms, brought up by Sigmund Freud, and many papers have been written on them. There are approximately 30 defense mechanisms. One of the most notable one is Reaction Formation. This mechanism conveys some other structures such as repression and denial. Defense mechanisms, which can be considered an indispensable part of human structure, can also be seen in the characters in many literary works. These characters, which also carry parts of the authors themselves, are literally reflections of the readers. In particular, it is possible to observe intense personality disorders and defense mechanisms in the characters of Emily Bronte, who is claimed to have had some psychological problems. Wuthering Heights, Bronte’s first and only novel, is a kind of bridge between psychology and literature because of its characters. Heathcliff and Edgar Linton, the characters of gothic novel, are vivid examples of the Reaction Formation mechanism. This study aims to compare the characters, Heathcliff and Edgar Linton, and to reveal the effects of the mechanism on mentioned individuals. An introductory information about defense mechanisms was given, then Reaction formation was examined in detail, and the points of reconciliation with the characters of Heathcliff and Edgar Linton were discussed. As a result of the comparisons, it was determined that it emerged in both characters in different ways.
Causes and drivers of inflation in Nigeria: A comprehensive review
Authors: Odojoma Park IDISI  , Prekeme Philip OJOKOJO  , Emeka Solomon FIDELIS
Published: July 2023

This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes and drivers of inflation in Nigeria. Inflation is still a chronic problem for the Nigerian economy, and understanding the fundamental causes is critical for successful policy formation and economic stability. The review investigates macroeconomic issues such as monetary policy, fiscal policy, exchange rates, and international trade dynamics in order to determine their influence on Nigerian inflation. It also investigates the link between these variables and inflation expectations and persistence. The evaluation looks at structural variables that contribute to inflation, such as supply-side shocks like food and energy price variations. Institutional problems such as corruption, poor governance, and policy implementation difficulties are investigated for their impact on inflationary pressures. The efficacy of regulatory frameworks, the stability of the financial industry, and the actions of central banks are all assessed. The assessment underlines the interaction and complexity of these elements, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive strategy for addressing inflation in Nigeria.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS JENIS MANGROVE DI PANTAI YA`ANG DESA LABUHAN KECAMATAN BRODONG KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Raka  , Nor Sa’adah  , Perdana Ixbal Spanton M  , Amir Yarkhasy Yuliardi
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK

Kecamatan Brondong Kabupaten Lamongan memiliki banyak jenis mangrove di wilayah pesisi pantai dan memiliki garis pantai mencapai 47 km Kabupaten Lamongan dan wilayah hutan mangrove sekitar 53.37 Ha. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis dan ciri-ciri mangrove. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survey eksploratif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa Kecamatan Brodong Kabupaten Lamongan memiliki berbagai jenis- jenis mangrove sebanyak 6 jenis mangrove terdiri atas Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizopora mucronata Rhizopora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba.

Kata Kunci      : Jenis Mangrove, ciri ciri mangroe, Ekosistem Mangrove
DUNIA DALAM CENGKERAMAN INVISIBLE HAND
Authors: Sukma Pramestisari Nyoman Ayu
Published: July 2023

The Mega Agenda of the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE) project in Papua is one of the global efforts to respond the 2008 world food crisis. This project includes the procurement of food and energy barns for world needs. Around one million hectares of land were cleared for extractive industries in the form of corn, palm oil, rice and sugar cane in the hope ofabsorbing the local workforce. Unfortunately, this industrialization process has implications for the loss of forests as a source of life, drought, the environment polluted by extractive industrial waste, exploitation of workers also horizontal conflicts. Through the Empire and Multitude approach by Negri and Hardt the analysis leads to the occurrence of biased interests of local, national and global elites as empire in the MIFEE project. With the main principle of neoliberalism, namely the accumulation of capital, the empire exploits natural and human resources on the pretext of global interests. Seeing the struggles of the people are often accommodated by political devide et impera, the offer of multitude can be an alternative solution. Communities all over the world can help in their own ways in the simplest lines, such as reducing consumptive actions and saving lives.
THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Azhar Purjatian
Published: July 2023

This paper tries to explain how the true concept of multicultural society in Indonesia is. As a country, Indonesia has a complex diversity of cultures, ethnicities, customs, languages and religions. The emergence of problems in society is inseparable from the presence of social friction and stratification between fellow nationals. Therefore, it is important for people to understand multicultural concepts. In this paper, the writer tries to analyze the concept of multicultural society in Indonesia through a book initiated by Bhikhu Parekh, namely Rethingking Multiculturalism. In addition, it is also important to instill multiculturalism education for the younger generation in facing today's more complex lives.
Dinamika Pengelolaan Zakat Di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Munawwaroh Salma , Fajria Nura
Published: July 2023

Indonesia as a country with the largest number of Muslims has tremendous potential in alleviating poverty, namely through zakat, but this potential has not been realized in achieving this goal. The Ministry of Religion as an institution that has the main task and function as zakat management should have best practice in zakat management. This study aims to identify the management of zakat in the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Demak Regency. The results of this study reveal that zakat in the Ministry of Religion of Demak Regency is not optimal for Amil or zakat managers because the management is not arranged ex-officio. Management still uses the old way, which is just distributing zakat without thinking about contemporary zakat management. The management of zakat at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Demak Regency does not have supervision and transparency for muzakki. The researcher's recommendation is that ex-officio restructuring of amil is needed, and it is necessary to form a discussion group forum as an effort to equip amil's understanding of contemporary zakat management. And a monitoring system is needed for the management of zakat and the need for data transparency so that Muzakki's trust in Amil is created.
Sintesis Teologi Lingkungan: Perbandingan Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr Dan Joseph Sittler
Authors: Afifudin Ridho , Rully S Fajar Muammal
Published: July 2023

This article discusses environmental theology in Islam and Christianity, namely, the thoughts of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Joseph Sittler. In Islam, there is a very important concept of khalifah, in which humans are tasked with protecting and maintaining their natural environment. Meanwhile, in Christianity, the concept of nature’s sacredness teaches that the environment is evidence of God's love that must be well preserved. This article focuses on the thought maps of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Joseph Sittler in the context of environmental conservation and how the relationship between humans, God, and nature is implemented in life. This study used a literature review method. Data collection and analysis were performed based on the data collected from various scientific sources from the two figures. In addition, data were obtained from various sources relevant to the writing theme. In this comparative study, the thoughts of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Joseph Sittler are compared in terms of the basic concept of thought, views on the relationship between humans, God, and nature, and the implications of thought for environmental action. In the comparison, it was found that both agreed that the environment must be well preserved and that humans must be responsible for the sustainability of the environment. However, there are differences in their views on the relationship between humans, God, and nature, and how environmental actions can be taken. From the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the ideas of the two figures converge in the understanding that humans must begin to change their paradigm towards nature. That nature is a manifestation of God's love; even nature is an emanation of God's presence that must be treated and preserved as humans treat themselves. If so, then it is possible for the sustainability of nature to be easily realized. In the future, it will be possible to realize the continuity of a more moral human civilization.