bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractional system for the Study of Covid-19 in Latin America
Authors: Quintero Anderson , Méndez Hasbleidy Parra , GRACIA LUIS MANUEL NAVAS , Gaitán-Angulo Mercedes
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 Pandemic has impacted all Latin American countries, which
has become worse by having fragmented health systems and deep social
inequalities, it is noteworthy that public policies are formulated based
on general economic principles such as the law of dynamic equilibrium,
assuming that all the processes that determine the socioeconomic
evolution flow smoothly and continuously, taking out of consideration
the occurrence of contingencies and emergent events that force all
social action levels to adjust their plans and strategies, for which it
is necessary to evaluate the impacts that this pandemic has caused in
Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia), which
allow us to know the evolution of the disease in these countries. The
objectives of this article are: Provide evidence that fractional models
are easily adaptable to the evolution of the virus in populations from
different socioeconomic contexts; Know the behavior of the disease in
the study countries from the parameters of the best approximation of the
model in contrast with the real data of the infection; For the modeling,
systems of differential equations will be applied and for the
calculation of the optimal coefficients, the method of Markov Monte
Carlo chains (MCMC) will be implemented to estimate model parameters.
New expectations to soliton arising from the (2+1)-dimensional generalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with four waves mixing via three different techniques
Authors: Zahran Emad , Bekir Ahmet
Published: January 2024

From the point of view of three famous and important techniques we will
achieve new expectations for the soliton configurations to the
(2+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE)
with four waves mixing (FWM). The suggested model describes propagation
of solitons in birefringent fiber. The FWM governed effectively the
performance of the resultant soliton amplitudes. The three famous
methods candidates for this purpose are the extended direct algebraic
method (EDAM), the extended simple equation method(ESEM) and the
solitary wave ansatz method (SWAM). The three techniques are implemented
successively for the suggested model successfully. Surprise expectations
for solitons via these three techniques to this model which weren’t
achieved previously by any other authors who used other techniques have
been demonstrated.
The Effect of long term HAART on the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV positive individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Alemu Ayinalem , Bitew Zebenay Workneh , Yesuf Aman , Zerihun Betselot , Getu Melak
Published: January 2024

Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART)
significantly decreases the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV) positive individuals
during their follow-up. However, a considerable proportion is still
co-infected with TB after ART initiation. Thus, this study aimed to
assess the determinants of TB incidence among HIV-positive
individuals during their ART follow-up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted among
HIV-positive individuals who were enrolled in ART clinics in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 2013 up to 2018. Cases were tuberculosis
co-infected HIV positive individuals who were taking
antiretroviral treatment, while controls were TB free HIV
positive individuals who were taking antiretroviral treatment. The cases
and controls are matched exactly in age and sex. Data were entered in
EpiInfo version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and
multivariable conditional logistic regression were employed along with
95% CI. A P-value <0.05 in the multivariable analysis was
considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty-seven
cases were compared with 114 controls pair-matched exactly in age and
sex. Accordingly, previous TB history (X 13.790
P<0.001), baseline functional
status (X 9.120 P=0.010), baseline WHO clinical stage (X
10.083 P=0.001), baseline hemoglobin value (X
6.985 P=0.008), baseline
body mass index (X 3.873 P=0.049), isoniazid preventive treatment intake status (X
8.047 P=0.005), baseline
CD4 value (X 12.741 P<0.001) and length of stay on ART (X
53.359 P<0.001) were associated with TB infection. Length of
stay on ART was found to be the statistically significant determinant of
TB infection after ART initiation (aOR=5.925, 95%CI=2.649-13.250).
Conclusion: Advanced clinical stages at the baseline, previous
TB history, and not taking IPT were associated with TB infection. The
long term ART exposure significantly decreases tuberculosis incidence in
HIV patients. Screening HIV-positive patients for
tuberculosis throughout their ART follow-up would be important early
detection and treatment of tuberculosis.
The Role of Serum Albumin and Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio in Prediction of Disease Severity and Thirty--day Mortality in Patients with COVID--19
Authors: Alirezaei Toktam , Hooshmand Saeede , Irilouzadian Rana , Hajimoradi Behzad , Montazeri Sadra , Shayegh Arash
Published: January 2024

Background: Considering the role of higher blood urea nitrogen and lower
serum albumin (SA) levels in deceased COVID-19 patients, increased blood
urea nitrogen to SA (B/A) ratio may help to determine those at higher
risk of becoming critically ill. This study evaluated the association of
SA level and B/A ratio with disease severity and 30–day mortality and
also their predictive value for disease severity in COVID–19 patients.
Methods: 433 adult patients with COVID–19, admitted to a referral
medical center in Tehran, Iran, from February to May 2020 were included.
The laboratory markers were measured on admission. Disease severity was
categorized into mild disease, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and septic shock. The mortality was
followed up for thirty days after admission. Results: Thirty–day
mortality rate was 27.25%. The frequency of mild, severe pneumonia,
ARDS, sepsis, and septic shock was 30.72%, 36.95%, 24.02%, 6.00%,
and 2.31%, respectively. Mean B/A ratio was different among different
disease severities. The odds of thirty-day mortality increased by 16%
by each unit increase in B/A ratio and decreased by 57% by each unit
increase in SA level. B/A ratio had the AUC of 0.45 for disease severity
prediction with 71% sensitivity and 22% specificity. Conclusion: The
results showed that B/A ratio and SA levels are associated with
mortality in COVID–19 patient, while they had low predictive value for
disease severity. High B/A ratio is, additionally, associated with
disease severity. Therefore, we suggest to use this marker for clinical
assessment of patients with COVID–19.
Utilization of Steerable Sheath Improves the Efficacy of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Guided by Remote Magnetic Navigation Compared with Fixed-curve Sheath
Authors: Luo Qingzhi , Xie Yun , Bao Yangyang , WEI Yue , lin changjian , Zhang Ning , Ling Tianyou , Chen Kang , Pan Wenqi , Wu Liqun , Jin Qi
Published: January 2024

Background The objective of this study was to assess the impact of
steerable sheath on the procedural outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF)
ablation compared with fixed-curve sheath guided by remote magnetic
navigation (RMN). Methods and results In this study, 110 patients
scheduled for AF catheter ablation were enrolled and divided into two
groups. 55 patients (paroxysmal, 70%) were performed with steerable
sheath and another 55 patients (paroxysmal, 70%) were completed with
fixed-curve sheath. Clinical characteristics were similar between the
two groups. Compared with fixed-curve sheath group, the procedure time
(111.9±25.2 vs. 90.4±20.7 mins, P＜0.001) and radiofrequency (RF) time
(35.9±9.0 vs. 30.5±7.4 mins, P＜0.001) were significantly shortened,
additionally, the navigation index value was improved greatly (0.41 ±
0.06 vs. 0.48 ± 0.08, P＜0.001) in the steerable sheath group. By means
of a big loop for targeting the right pulmonary vein (PV), the steerable
sheath group significantly reduced the RF delivery time (15.0±3.0 vs.
12.0±2.1 mins, P＜0.001) during the right-side PV isolation (PVI).
However, total fluoroscopy time was similar between the two groups
(5.6±2.6 vs. 4.97±2.0 mins, P＞0.05). Acute PVI success rate were
similar between the two groups. No major or minor complications occurred
in all the patients. Conclusion Appropriate utilization of steerable
sheath technology can improve the efficacy of AF ablation guided by RMN,
majorly by reducing the procedure and RF delivery time of right-side PVI
without compromising safety.
Catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia originated from the ostium of anomalous drainage between left interior pulmonary vein and left atrial appendage
Authors: sun xingxing , yan qing , Ju Weizhu , Liu Hailei , Chen Hongwu , Chen Minglong
Published: January 2024

Atrial tachycardia from the left atrium is well recognized, the common
origin was identified at mitral annulus, left atrial appendage (LAA) and
pulmonary vein (PV). However, there is no report about AT in patient
with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. We report one case with focal
AT originating from the ostium of anomalous drainage between left
interior PV and LAA.
Instantaneous Activation Energy Performing as ‘Gene Code’ of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Juhua
Published: January 2024

The non-isothermal kinetics of non-elementary chemical reaction is
usually expressed by a unique set of Arrhenius parameters although they
should not be. This embarrassment results from the vague evaluation of
the integral of Boltzmann factor, which has been always regarded as a
‘devil’. This paper shows a method to provide the true numerical value
of the integral. According to this method and the mathematical limit
concept, the consistency of instantaneous activation-energy-track is
discovered. The activation-energy-track performs as the intrinsic gene
code of chemical reactions and interprets the paradox described at the
beginning. This discovery is expected to be applicable to a wide range
of chemistry and relevant disciplines, and to promote unexplored
mechanism understanding of physiochemical processes.
Harnessing data science to improve integrated management of invasive pest species across Africa: An application to Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Guimapi Ritter , Niassy Saliou , Mudereri Bester , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih , Tepa-Yotto Ghislain , Subramanian Sevgan , Mohamed Samira , Thunes Karl , Nordskog Berit , Kimathi Emily , Agboka Komi , Tamò Manuele , Rwaburindi Jean , Hadi Buyung , Elkahky Maged , Sæthre May-Guri , Belayneh Yeneneh , Ekesi Sunday , Kelemu Segenet , Tonnang Henri
Published: January 2024

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) threatens maize,
sorghum, and millet production in Africa. Despite rigorous work done to
reduce FAW prevalence, the dynamics and invasion mechanisms are still
poorly understood. This study applied interdisciplinary tools,
analytics, and algorithms on a FAW dataset to provide insights and
projections on the intensity of FAW infestation across Africa. The data
collected between January 2018 and December 2020 were matched with the
monthly average data of the climatic and environmental variables. The
multilevel analytics identified the key factors that influence the
dynamics of spatial and temporal pest density and occurrence at a 2 km x
2 km grid resolution. The seasonal variations of the identified factors
and dynamics were used to calibrate rule-based analytics employed to
simulate the monthly densities and occurrence of the FAW for the years
2018, 2019, and 2020. Three FAW density level classes were inferred,
i.e., low (0–10), moderate (11–30), and high (>30).
Results show that monthly density projections were sensitive to the type
of FAW host vegetation and the seasonal variability of climatic factors.
Moreover, the diversity in the climate patterns and cropping systems
across the African sub-regions are considered the main drivers of FAW
abundance and variation. An optimum overall accuracy of 53% was
obtained across the three years and at a continental scale, however, a
gradual increase in prediction accuracy was observed among the years,
with 2020 predictions providing accuracies greater than 70%. Apart from
the low amount of data in 2018 and 2019, the average level of accuracy
obtained could also be explained by the non-inclusion of data related to
certain key factors such as the influence of natural enemies into the
analysis. Further detailed data on the occurrence and efficiency of FAW
natural enemies in the region may help to complete the tri-trophic
Mechanism of rapid speciation and the role of environmental factors: A case study of Aquilegia viridiflora
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Hua-Ying , Zhang Tengjiao , Fang Xiaoxue , Xiao Hongxing
Published: January 2024

Clarifying the role of key genes in the early stage of speciation is
critical to understand the origin and evolution of species. Aquilegia
viridiflora, in the early stage of speciation, has a wide distribution
range, and shows obvious phenotypic variation among its different
populations. Here, we analyzed the adaptive evolution mechanism of
phenotypic differences in the early stages of speciation using the
phenotypes, genomes, and transcriptomes of different populations of A.
viridiflora. Our results indicated that A. viridiflora originated in
northwestern China, and the environmental changes caused by the uplift
of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in the late Miocene may have
caused its differentiation. Within its distribution range, flower size
was significantly negatively correlated with the inflorescence number
and leaf area. Aqcoe5G459400 expression was reduced in environments with
large temperature differences between day and night, possibly resulting
in longer spurs and promoting the formation of reproductive isolation.
Additionally, the cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) superfamily may have driven
species differentiation in the early stage of speciation. Our study
reveals the genetic basis of the adaptive evolution of the phenotype in
the early stage of speciation and provides new evidence of the rapid
evolution of angiosperms.
Species can base their impression of themselves on the number of sensory neurons they have and their IUCN level
Authors: goetz Aaron
Published: January 2024

Humans have the most sensory neurons of any terrestrial species, 18.83B,
with more than twice as many as the runner up western gorilla. There are
three aquatic species with more than humans and seven more with more
than the western gorilla. The killer whale with more than twice as many
as humans, long-finned and short-finned pilot whale with a little less
than twice humans. With that many sensory neurons it would be assumed
that those would be the species with the most emotional disturbance from
anthropogenic influence. There is no data on killer whale endangerment,
and both long and short finned pilot whales are LC, ranking them 23rd
and 24th most disturbed species. It is important for us to consider what
the species means to them in evaluating what species we should care
about, it would be beneficial to base that on what species care about
themselves the most.
Whole exome sequencing: the effective detection of novel causative mutation in the ALOX12B gene associated with congenital ichthyosis in an Iranian family
Authors: pour Saeedeh Talebi , Soori Mojdeh , Lshanizadegan Ramin , Sobhani Maryam , Salmani Hamzeh Salmani Hamzeh
Published: January 2024

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) are rare and
genetically heterogeneous inherited disorders of keratinization
characterized by hyperkeratosis, dry, and scaly skin. So far, a number
of genes associated with ichthyosis have been identified that are
involved in lipid metabolism and the formation of the stratum corneum
Assessing the ecological resilience of communities to environmental changes
Authors: Sæther Bernt-Erik , Engen Steinar , Solbu Erik Blystad
Published: January 2024

Here we propose two metrics to assess the ecological resilience of
communities based on how changes in the overall abundance of individuals
affect the number of species. The community sensitivity expresses the
rate of change in the log expected number of species with respect to the
log expected total number of individuals, whereas the community
resistance is the proportional reduction in community size that will
reduce the expected number of species by one. Estimates of these metrics
in four bird communities in European deciduous forests using a
stochastic model for the community dynamics revealed large differences
in the resilience to permanent changes of the environment. In
particular, stochastic influences from environmental fluctuations
strongly affected the sensitivity and the resistance caused by area loss
or increased environmental stochasticity. This shows that ecological
resilience is closely related to which processes that most strongly
affect the temporal dynamics of communities.
Existence of solutions of discrete fractional problem coupled to mixed fractional boundary conditions
Authors: BOURGUIBA Rim , Cabada Alberto , Wannassi Kalthoum
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce a two-point nonlinear boundary value problem
for a finite fractional difference equation. An associated Green’s
function is constructed as a series of functions and some of its
properties are obtained. Some existence results are deduced from fixed
point theory and lower and upper solutions.
Well-posedness and blow-up phenomena for the Camassa-Holm equation in Hs,p(R)
Authors: Wu Xinglong , Liu Zhengyan
Published: January 2024

The manuscript is devoted to the study of the well-posedness, blow- up
phenomena and global existence of solution for the Camassa-Holm
equation. By the Kato’s theory of semigroup, we first prove that the
Cauchy problem of the Camassa-Holm equation is local well-posed in space
H^{s,p}(R); s > 1 + 1/p ; 1
Electrophysiological Characteristics and Differential Densities of Intermediate Conductance Calcium-activated Potassium Channels in Rabbit Atrium and Thoracic Veins
Authors: Ma Yazhe , Liu Jiangwen , Wang Youcheng , Zhao Hongyi , Yang Mei , Wang Teng , Wang Xi , Tang Yanhong , Zhao Qingyan , Huang Congxin
Published: January 2024

Background: Intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium
channels (KCa3.1) are important for automaticity of sinus nodes.
Previous studies have identified that cardiomyocytes with pacemaker
activities are existent in pulmonary vein (PV), superior vena cava
(SVC). The aim of the present study was to explore the
electrophysiological characteristics and differential densities of
KCa3.1 in rabbit atrium. Methods: Immune-staining techniques and western
blots were used to determine the KCa3.1 expression in PV, SVC, right
atrium (RA), and left atrium (LA). Transmembrane action potentials (APs)
of PVs, SVC, RA, and LA were recorded. Isoproterenol (1uM) and high
calcium (5.4mM) were used to induce delayed afterdepolarization (DAD)
and DAD-induced trigger activity. Results: The expression of KCa3.1 was
significantly higher in the PVs and SVC than in the RA and LA. After
super-fusion with isoproterenol (1μM) and high calcium (5.4mM), the
delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) and DAD-induced triggered activity was
induced in the PVs and SVC, but not in the RA and LA with isoproterenol
and high calcium administration. TRAM-34 (5uM), a KCa3.1 inhibitor,
inhibited DAD and DAD-induced triggered activity. Conclusions: Compared
with atrium, thoracic veins are the most common sites genesis AF due to
different distribution of KCa3.1. Blockade of KCa3.1 could eliminate DAD
and DAD-induced trigger activity, KCa3.1 might be a promising target for
foci AF.
Evaluating the Brazilian system of strictly protected areas using owls as an indicator group
Authors: Perazzi Paolo Ramoni , Passamani Marcelo , Thielen Dirk , Arizapana-Almonacid Marco
Published: January 2024

AIM To set or assess conservation and management efforts based on the
knowledge of the total biodiversity is unrealistic. For such a reason,
the identification of priority areas based on biodiversity hotspots
determined through indicator groups has become a common approach. This
requires a crystal-clear knowledge of the taxonomy and distribution of
such indicator groups, which in the Tropics can be troublesome,
especially for rare or secretive taxa. Thus, we assessed the potential
distribution of 21 species and 21 subspecies of Brazilian Strigidae
through Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) based on a Maximum Entropy
approach. LOCATION Brazil. METHODS We (1) gathered and filtered
occurrences data for Brazilian Strigidae, (2) generated SDMs for each
species and subspecies, (3) evaluated the niche similarity among
subspecies, (4) built up species’ richness maps, and (5) contrasted such
information to the strict protection areas in Brazil. RESULTS With 81%
of the Brazilian species recorded, both the Atlantic Forest and the
Cerrado have the highest richness, followed by the Amazonia (67%),
Pampa (62%), Caatinga (57%) and Pantanal (48%). However, the
comparison of the recorded and predicted richness suggests overall
incomplete inventories, especially in the Caatinga and Pantanal. On the
other hand, subspecies showed marked niches divergencies, suggesting
that the recognized Strigidae species richness is underestimated in
Brazil. Cerrado and Atlantic forest are the most threatened biomes, with
preservation areas relatively small and sparse. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We
demonstrated that the situation of Brazilian Strigidae involves an
underestimated species richness, within an inadequate framework of
protected areas, in a megadiverse Country characterized by high rates of
habitat transformations. Thus, our study is a hurrying call to explore
owl lineage diversification in Brazil to improve biodiversity-related
conservation efforts.
Prevalence and predictors of opioid use before orthopaedic surgery in an Australian setting: a multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study
Authors: Liu Shania , Stevens Jennifer , Collins Ashleigh , Duff Jedd , Sutherland Joanna , Oddie Morgan , Naylor Justine , Patanwala Asad , Suckling Benita , Penm Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Aim: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of any opioid use before
elective orthopaedic surgery with a focus on regional and rural
hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: This was a
cross-sectional, observational study of patients undergoing orthopaedic
surgery conducted between April 2017 and November 2019 across five
hospitals that included a mix of capital city, regional, rural, private
and public settings. Preoperative patient demographics, pain scores and
analgesic use were collected during pre-admission clinic visits, held on
average two to six weeks before surgery. Results: Of the 430 patients
included (53.3% (229/430) women; mean age, 67.5 [standard deviation
[SD] 10.1] years), the overall prevalence of any preoperative
opioid use was 37.7% (162/430). Rates of preoperative opioid use ranged
from 20.6% (13/63) at a capital city metropolitan hospital to 48.8%
(21/43) at a regional metropolitan hospital. Multivariable logistic
regression showed that the regional metropolitan setting was a
significant predictor of opioid use before orthopaedic surgery (adjusted
odds ratio [aOR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 –
6.7) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Opioid use prior to
orthopaedic surgery is common and appears to vary by geographic
location. Given its use is associated with worse postoperative outcomes,
rigorous efficacy studies involving different geographic locations are
required to determine whether opioid tapering prior to surgery can
reduce harm.
Linking physiology to ecosystem function: how vulnerable are different functional groups to climate change?
Authors: Silva Carmen da , Beaman Julian , Youngblood Jacob , Kellermann Vanessa , Diamond Sarah
Published: January 2024

The resilience of ecosystem function under global climate change is
governed by individual species vulnerabilities and the functional groups
they comprise. Yet it remains unclear whether the species that
contribute to different functional processes which underpin ecosystem
function exhibit differential vulnerability to climate change. We used
existing thermal physiological trait data across a range of terrestrial
species to examine the vulnerability of key functional groups to climate
change (e.g. decomposers, primary producers, pollinators, primary,
secondary and tertiary consumers). We found that primary producers had
the broadest warming margins across the globe, and that vulnerability
tended to increase with trophic level. However, we found that
vulnerability within functional groups changed across geographic scales,
where some groups were more vulnerable in low-latitude regions and
others were more vulnerable at mid-latitude regions. This study provides
a critical first step in linking individual species vulnerabilities with
whole ecosystem responses to climate change.
Congenital Neutropenia With Specific Granulocyte Deficiency Caused By Novel Double Heterozygous SMARCD2 Mutations: is there a benefit of thrombopoietin receptor agonist therapy?
Authors: Abukhiram Ibrahim , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Claassen David , McLaughlin Heather , Sharathkumar Anjali
Published: January 2024

SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator
of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) is critical for myelopoiesis.
Recently, bi-allelic SMARCD2 mutations have been reported in five
children causing autosomal recessive congenital neutropenia with
specific granulocytes deficiency (CN-SGD); a syndrome resulting in G-CSF
resistant neutropenia, recurrent infections and dysplastic myelopoiesis.
We report a new case with CN-SGD caused by two novel heterozygous
pathogenic variants in the SMARCD2 gene (c.1081del (p.Gln361Argfs*15),
and c.217C>T (p.Arg73*)). Treatment with weekly dosing of
thrombopoietin receptor agonist, Romiplostim, along with daily G-CSF
transformed her clinical course implying potential synergism. This
report advances understanding about CN-SGD caused by SMARCD2 mutations.
Exposure to Rural Surgery in Medical School as a Strategy for Producing Rural Surgeons: a Systematic Review
Authors: Accomazzo Ryan , Scarcella Joshua , Haisch Carl
Published: January 2024

Rationale, aims and objectives: Lack of access to surgical care is a
problem that disproportionately impacts rural America. This study
reports a systematic literature review analyzing the relationship
between medical student exposure to rural general surgery and the
production of rural general surgeons. Method: We searched MEDLINE via
PubMed (1966–2020), CINAHL, and ERIC for literature describing
interventions to increase interest in rural surgery during medical
school. Two authors independently reviewed the articles. Results: PubMed
(1966–2018), CINAHL, and ERIC searches yielded a total of 2,573
articles. After completion of PRIMSA guidelines, one study was analyzed.
The study demonstrated that medical students exposed to a rural surgery
rotation were more likely to choose a rural surgical practice compared
to those without the exposure (48% vs 18%). Conclusion: Exposure to
rural surgery in medical school may be used within medical school
education to increase the number of rural general surgeons in rural
America.
Bioprotective potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the fermentation of fine cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and their metabolites against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel , Freire Herbert , Romano Carla , Rezende Rachel , Evangelista Alberto , Meneghetti Camila , Costa Leandro
Published: January 2024

Escherichia coli is one of the main pathogens that impacts swine
production. Given the need for methods for its control, the in vitro
effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites against E.
coli F4 was evaluated through cell culture and microbiological analysis.
The strains Limosilactobacillus fermentum 5.2, Lactiplantibacillus
plantarum 6.2, and L. plantarum 7.1 were selected. To evaluate the
action of their metabolites, lyophilized cell-free supernatants (CFS)
were used. The effect of CFS was evaluated in HT-29 intestinal lineage
cells; in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in agar; and in
inhibiting the formation of biofilms. The bioprotective activity of LAB
was evaluated via their potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation
with E. coli. The CFS did not show cytotoxicity at lower concentrations,
except for L. fermentum 5.2 CFS, which is responsible for cell
proliferation at doses lower than 10 mg/mL. The CFS were also not able
to inhibit the growth of E. coli F4 in agar; however, the CFS of L.
plantarum 7.1 resulted in a significant decrease in biofilm formation at
a dose of 40 mg/mL. Regarding LAB, their direct use showed great
potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation in vitro, thus
suggesting possible effectiveness in animal organisms, preventing E.
coli fixation and proliferation. New in vitro tests are needed to
evaluate lower doses of CFS to control biofilms and confirm the
bioprotective potential of LAB, and in vivo tests to assess the effect
of LAB and their metabolites interacting with animal physiology.
Cis-regulatory variations underlie phenotypic differentiation between Eastern and Western pigs
Authors: Tang Zhonglin , Liu Yuwen , Yang Yalan , Fu Yang , Yi Guoqiang , Lian Jinmin , Xie Bingkun , Yao Yilong , Chen Muya , Niu Yongchao , Liu Lei , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Yongsheng , Fan Xinhao , Tang Yijie , Yuan Pengxiang , Zhu Min , Li Qiaowei , Zhang Song , Chen Yun , Wang Binhu , He Jieyu , Lu Dan , Liachko Ivan , Sullivan Shawn , Pang Bin , Chen Yaoqing , He Xin , Kui Li
Published: January 2024

The genetic underpinnings of phenotypic differentiation during animal
breeding has important implications in both evolutionary biology and
agriculture. However, how cis-regulatory variants influence pig
phenotypes is not well understood. Here, we present a high-resolution
phased chromosome-scale reference genome with contig N50 of 18.03 Mb for
Luchuan pig (a representative Eastern breed), and profiled potential
selective sweeps in Eastern and Western pigs by re-sequencing of 234
pigs. In these regions, multi-tissue transcriptome and chromatin
accessibility analyses suggest tissue-specific selection pressure
mediated through promoters and distal cis-regulatory elements. Promoter
variants associated with higher LYZ expression in the small intestine
might enhance pig gastrointestinal immunity and roughage tolerance. In
the skeletal muscles, an enhancer-modulating SNP associated with higher
TNNC1 expression might increase slow muscle fibers and affect meat
quality. Our work also provides valuable resources and new perspectives
to explore gene regulatory evolution in animal domestication and
breeding.
Computational Insights in DNA Methylation: Catalytic and Mechanistic Elucidations for Forming 3-Methyl Cytosine
Authors: Almatarneh Mansour , Kayed Ghada , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Zhao Yuming , Verma Amita
Published: January 2024

abundantly occurring methylation process at CpG island, which has been
well-known as an epigenetic modification linked to many human’s
diseases. Recently, another methylation approach has been discovered to
show that DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) promote the addition of methyl
group at position 3 to yield 3mC. The existence of 3mC can cause severe
damages to the DNA strand, such as blocking its replication, repair, and
transcription, affecting its stability, and initiating a double-strand
DNA break. To gain a deeper insight into the formation of 3mC, we have
performed density functional theory (DFT) modeling studies at different
levels of theory to clearly map out the mechanistic details for this new
methylation approach. Our computed results are in harmony with pertinent
experimental observations and shed light on a crucial off-target
activity of DNMTs.
Gender bias in the medical education of obstetrician-gynecologists: a systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Brian , Streeter Laer , Reddy Ravali , Douglas Christopher
Published: January 2024

Background: Gender biases among patients and medical students regarding
the participation of men in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) may
affect career decisions and pathways. This systematic review collects
female patients’ gender preferences and perceptions of men, as Ob/Gyns
and/or medical students, examining their influence on medical education
and subsequent career decisions. Search Strategy: We identified relevant
research via PubMed using variations of three concepts in combination:
Ob/Gyn care, gender bias or gender preference, and medical education or
career. We conducted the initial review in 2018 and repeated the search
after initial analysis in March 2021, restricting the review to original
research from the United States between 2000-2021. Results: Fifteen
studies met inclusion, categorized into three groups: (1) patient’s
gender preference for Ob/Gyns, (2) gender preference for medical
students during their Ob/Gyn clerkship, (3) influence of gender bias on
Ob/Gyn career decisions. Patients prioritized their physician’s care
attributes (e.g., technical skill, compassion, experience) over gender
when choosing an Ob/Gyn; however, provider gender was prioritized with
medical student care. Accordingly, male medical students more commonly
reported exclusions from clinical opportunities, though objective
clinical exposure was like that of female counterparts. Despite
perceived gender bias, male medical students reported increased Ob/Gyn
interest post- clerkship; however, interest did not translate into more
residency applications. These findings are limited by the quality and
heterogeneity of studies. Conclusions: The combination of real and
perceived gender bias among female patients and male medical students in
obstetrics and gynecology may underlie declining numbers of men entering
the field.
Respiratory illness virus infections with special emphasis on Covid-19
Authors: Gandhi Lekha , Maisnam Deepti , Rathore Deepika , Chauhan Preeti , Bonagiri Anvesh , Venkataramana Musturi
Published: January 2024

Viruses that emerge pose challenges for treatment options as their
uniqueness would not know completely. In spite of large diversity,
viruses share common characteristics for infection. There are at least
12 different respiratory borne viruses that belong to different virus
taxonomic families. Many of these viruses multiply and cause damage to
the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The description about these
viruses in comparison to each other with reference to their
epidemiology, molecular characteristics, disease manifestations,
diagnosis and treatment is lacking. Such information helps to diagnose,
differentiate and for formulating the control measures at faster pace.
The leading cause of acute illness worldwide are the acute respiratory
infections (ARIs) and are being responsible for nearly 4 million deaths
every year which are mostly in young children and infants. Among the
above ARIs, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza
virus type 3 (PIV-3), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
and corona viruses are the main infectious agents. WHO recognized
respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, coronavirus,
rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus [non-influenza RNA respiratory
viruses (NIRVs)], as considerable global health burden. Lower
respiratory tract infections are the fourth most common cause of death
globally, after the non-infectious chronic conditions. This review aimed
at presenting the characteristics of different viruses causing the
respiratory infections highlighting the uniqueness of Covid-19. We
expect that this review would help in understanding the similarities and
differences among the closely related viruses causing respiratory
infections and hence to formulate the specific preventive or control
measures.
Dynamics of a stochastic SIR epidemic model with logistic growth
Authors: Li Yubo , Daipeng Kuang , Li Jianli
Published: January 2024

In this article, a stochastic SIR epidemic model with saturated
treatment function, non-monotone incidence rate and logistic growth is
studied. Firstly, we prove that the stochastic model has a unique global
positive solution. Next, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function,
we can show that the random SIR model exists an ergodic stationary
distribution. Then, we show that a sufficient condition can make the
disease tend to extinction. Finally, some numerical simulations were
used to prove our analytical result.
A Review On: Current status of Liposome In Neuro-Ocular Glaucoma Treatment
Authors: NORDIN NOR ASYIKIN , Lambuk Lidawani , Hashim Sabarisah , Airuddin Syahira , Nasir Nur-Azida Mohd , Mohamud Rohimah , Kadir Ramlah
Published: January 2024

Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the
world. The only proven method to treat the disease by reduction of
intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP act as a modifiable risk factor in
glaucoma. Liposomes have been considered as one of the effective
pharmaceutical therapies in reducing IOP in glaucoma and receive
widespread attention in research due to their special characteristics.
Recent studies such as liposomal Latanoprost are still in failure
clinical trials. This review focus on the therapeutic application of
liposomal in the neuro-ocular brain. The routes of drug administration
for the treatment of glaucoma are topical, systemic, periocular and
intravitreal. The treatment of glaucoma using drug-carrier liposome
shows less invasive and more effective when applied topically since it
contains bilayer vesicles which can breach the corneal barrier. To
conclude, using the nanocarrier for the topical administration technique
is better compared to normal drug application as it is more effective
and less invasive.
Stem cell therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: current practice and future opportunities
Authors: Zheng Ruixuan , Xie Mengyao , Wang Xinghong , Yang Lehe , Wang Jian , huang xiaoying
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease that is
characterized as mean pulmonary artery hypertension (mPAP)
> 25 mmHg. PAH is caused by progressive obliteration of
small pulmonary arteries due to known or unknown etiologies. The effect
of traditional therapy is suboptimal because it can only improve
symptoms but cannot cure the disease, and therefore, scientists have
turned their attention to stem cell therapy for efficacious treatments.
In recent years, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that
endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
are closely related with the occurrence of PAH and have the ability to
prevent and reverse this disease. In this review, we turn our attention
to a novel therapy for PAH, stem cell therapy, through comparing effect
of preclinical research on cells and animals and evaluating the
feasibility and potential difficulties of clinical application.
Diagnoses and procedures of inpatients with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Swiss university Hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Horowicz Mathilde , Cottler-Casanova Sara , Abdulcadir Jasmine
Published: January 2024

Objective: FGM/C can result in short and long-term complications, which
can impact physical, psychological and sexual health. Our objective was
to obtain descriptive data about the most frequent health conditions and
procedures associated with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in
Swiss university hospital inpatient women and girls with a diagnosis of
FGM/C. Our research focused on the gynaecology and obstetrics
departments. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Swiss university
hospitals (Geneva, Lausanne, Bern, Basel and Zurich). Population:
Inpatient women and girls with a primary or secondary coded diagnosis of
FGM/C. Methods: Four of the five Swiss university hospitals provided
anonymized data on all inpatient women and girls admitted between 2016
and 2018 who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of FGM/C. Main
outcomes measures: Primary and secondary diagnoses coded with the
International Classifications of Diseases (ICD) and interventions coded
in their medical files. Results: Between 2016 and 2018, 207 inpatients
had a diagnosis of FGM/C. The majority (96%) were admitted either to
gynaecology or obstetrics divisions with few genito-urinary and
psychosexual conditions coded. Conclusions: FGM/C coding capacities in
Swiss university hospitals are low, and some complications of FGM/C are
probably not diagnosed. Pregnancy and delivery represent key moments to
identify and offer medical care to women and girls who live with FGM/C.
Funding: Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss Network against
Female Circumcision, Caritas Switzerland. Keywords: Female genital
mutilation, female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting,
international classification of diseases, ICD, coding, Switzerland
Genetic, population features and reproductive success in Gymnocalycium monvillei (Cactaceae) along an elevation gradient
Authors: Bauk Karen , Gurvich Diego , Liber Zlatko , Satovic Zlatko , Peñas Maria Laura Las
Published: January 2024

In mountain environments, populations of a species are subjected to
different environmental conditions. Environmental variables impose
different selection pressures that could result in a marked
heterogeneity in genetic characteristics (e.g. ploidy level, genome
size, population genetic diversity and structure), population features
and reproductive success. Cactaceae inhabit in arid and semi-arid areas
of America, from sea level to 4500 m a.s.l. and in these environments,
species can present wide altitudinal ranges. The aim of this work was to
analyze how genetic (cytogenetic, DNA content and AFLP genetic
diversity), population features (population density and individual size)
and reproductive success are related to an altitudinal gradient in five
populations of Gymnocalycium monvillei. Our results showed that
individuals in all studied populations are tetraploid. Analyses of the
genetic structure revealed that the five altitudinal populations could
be genetically two populations and that, regardless of population
affiliation, all individuals analyzed are genetically very similar. The
population density and individual size varied unimodally in the
gradient. The population at intermediate altitude had the highest number
of seeds per plant, so this population would be presenting favorable
ecological conditions. Interestingly, more differences among the
populations have been found in their population features and
reproductive success than in genetic characters among the populations.
Functionally dissimilar neighbors increase tree water use efficiency through enhancement in leaf phosphorus concentration
Authors: Huang Zhiqun , Ran Songsong , Fu Yanrong , Wan Xiaohua , Song Xin , Chen Yuxin , Yu Zaipeng
Published: January 2024

Water use efficiency (WUE) is central to the global cycles of water and
carbon. However, whether increasing tree diversity in plantation can
increase WUE remain poorly understood. Here, we conduct a forest
biodiversity experiment with 32 tree species spread in 14 ha in
subtropical China to assess the effects of neighboring tree diversity on
foliar WUE of Cunninghamia lanceolata, a widespread tree plantation
species in China. We measure foliar δ13C as the proxies of changes in
intrinsic WUE. Folia P concentrations of focal trees increase with trait
dissimilarities between focal trees and neighbors, and the increased
foliar P concentrations improve foliar WUE of focal trees. This
neighborhood complementarity effect on WUE is stronger under more shaded
neighborhood. However, neighborhood biodiversity did not significantly
affect foliar δ18O, a surrogate for stomatal conductance. These findings
suggest that tree biodiversity increases WUE through the complementary
usages of soil P between neighboring tree species.
Altitude-dependent variation in leaf structure and pigment content provide the performance of a relict shrub in mountains of Mongolia
Authors: Ivanov Leonid , Migalina Svetlana , Ronzhina Dina , Tumurjav Shinekhuu , Gundsambuu Tserenkhand , Bazha Sergey , Ivanova Larissa
Published: January 2024

Mountain climate and vegetation change rapidly with altitude therefore
many plant species may be found within a narrow elevation range. In
mountains of northern Mongolia, a relict shrub Prunus sibirica L. occurs
within restricted upland areas. We studied 25 whole-plant and leaf
traits of P. sibirica at 10 locations in the Khentei Mountains. A
comparison with a global plant trait variation and a path model were
used to evaluate the pattern of functional response to altitude.
Intraspecific variation of pigment content found in apricot was
surprisely comparable to interspecific variation of terrestrial plants
over a global scale. Increasing altitude caused a dramatic increase in
chlorophylls and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio and a decrease in the
chlorophyll a/b. We also found a decrease in leaf thickness contributed
to transpiration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic capacity and
kinetics, plant sizes, biomass were not affected by altitude. The path
modelling revealed that pigment content and leaf structure were two
independent ways to maintain the plant carbon and water balance. Our
results identify the important role of intraspecific variation in leaf
pigments and structure in plant response to altitude and we suppose that
these leaf traits could be used as predictors for the species
altitudinal limits.
Honey DNA metabarcoding revealed foraging resource partitioning between Korean native and exotic honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Namin Saeed Mohamadzade , Kim Min-Jung , Son Minwoong , Jung Chuleui
Published: January 2024

Honey DNA metabarcoding provides information of floral sources of honey
and foraging plant preferences of honey bees. We evaluated the floral
composition of honey from two different species of honey bees, Apis
cerana (ACH) and A. mellifera (AMH) in a mixed apiary located in a
semi-forest environment to understand the floral preference and level of
interspecific competition on floral resource. In total, 56 plant taxa
were identified across the honey samples and among them, 38 taxonomic
units were found in ACH compared with a total of 33 in AMH. 23 taxonomic
units were found exclusively in ACH, 18 taxonomic units were found only
in AMH and 15 taxonomic units were shared between ACH and AMH indicating
that 73% of the taxonomic units were present only in one type of honey.
The number of major plants (>1% of reads) in the honey
samples was 9 and 11 in ACH and AMH, respectively, indicating a slightly
higher diversity of plant taxa in AMH. Qualitative and quantitative
analyses of the shared major plants revealed the division of floral
resource between these co-existing honey bee species pointing to a low
level of interspecific competition. We conclude that the presence of
both species in the same apiary can lead honey bees to behavioral
modifications to avoid competition for floral resources and to provide
pollination services to a higher number of flowering plants.