bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher indocyanine green retention rates predicted improved prognoses in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Fujita Koji , Morishita Asahiro , Nakahara Mai , Ono Masafumi , Himoto Takashi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: December 2022

Progression of liver fibrosis causes portal hypertension with thrombocytopenia, and intrahepatic hypoperfusion with mesenchymal dysfunction evaluated by the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG-R15), in which the serum levels of indocyanine green are measured 15 minutes after bullous injection. Thrombocytopenia caused by portal hypertension has been associated with improved prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated using transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy (TACE). However, the clinical significance of higher ICG-R15 in HCC patients treated with nonsurgical therapies is poorly established. This study aimed to clarify the correlation between ICG-R15 and prognosis of HCC in patients treated with TACE. Briefly, we included HCC patients treated with TACE after ICG-R15. Cox proportional hazard model analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. After adjusting for age, sex, stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, albumin bilirubin score, etiologies, and baseline year by propensity score matching, the prognostic impact of higher ICG-R15 was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curve. As results, 278 patients were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified higher ICG-R15 and lower platelet count as positive prognostic factors for overall survival. Propensity score matching generated two 77-patient cohorts, ICG-R15<20% group and ICG-R15>20% one. The overall survival of the ICG-R15>20% group was significantly better than that of ICG-R15<20%. In conclusions, higher ICG-R15 in addition to lower platelet count acted as positive long-term prognostic factors in HCC patients treated with TACE.
Measurement of radium content and radon exhalation rates in Egyptian construction material samples using sealed-cup technique and LR-115 detectors
Authors: Hussein A. S.
Published: December 2022

Effective radium content and radon exhalation rate in twenty construction material samples collected from the local market in Egypt were measured using the sealed–cup technique based on LR-115 nuclear track detectors. The values of effective radium content were found to vary from 1.93 to 360.21 Bqkg− 1. Mass exhalation rate values were found to vary from 5.75x10− 9 to 1073.43x10− 9 Bqkg− 1h− 1. Area (surface) exhalation rate values were found to vary from 0.30x10− 6 to 55.80x10− 6 Bqm− 2h− 1. All the results obtained in the present work were found to be less than their corresponding world limits. Thus, the present results have revealed that, effective radium content and both area and mass exhalation rates in the studied samples do not pose risk to human health. The results were compared with national and some other countries.
Performance analysis of recycled carbon fiber under recycling process parameters optimized using response surface methodology
Authors: Cheng Huanbo , Wang Huafeng , Zhou Jinhu , Guo Lijun , Wang Qingze , Tang Mingxi
Published: December 2022

The recycling of high-performance carbon fiber from carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) wastes have great economic value and environmental significance. Based on the principle of thermally activated oxide semiconductors, quantitative relationship model between the decomposition rate of the resin-matrix and the process parameters was established. The morphology, elements, functional groups and mechanical properties of recycled carbon fiber(rCF) were analyzed under the optimal process parameters. The results indicated that the decomposition rate of resin was positively correlated with time and temperature, and the degree of influence was significant, the effect of O2 flow rate and concentration were not significant. The influence of each factor indicates showed that temperature > time > O2 concentration > O2 flow rate. The actual decomposition rate of resin was 96.12% under temperature of 520 ℃, time of 23 min, O2 concentration of 80% and flow rate of 180 mL/min. Compared with the original carbon fiber(oCF), the surface roughness of recycled carbon fiber was increased, and there was no carbon deposition residue on the surface. The content of C element and C—C bond on the surface of rCF increased significantly, and functional group of COOH was produced, the graphite structure on the surface of carbon atomic surface change was not significant. The tensile strength of rCF was maintained above 99%, the Young's modulus was maintained at 92%, and the interfacial shear strength was maintained at 85%.
Transcriptomic, histological and biochemical analyses of Macrobrachium nipponense response to acute heat stress
Authors: Wu Xiao , Fan Yaoran , Ma Keyi , Li Jiale , Feng Jianbin
Published: December 2022

Temperature is an essential factor affecting the viability of crustaceans, and high temperature can cause damage or even death. The oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, is an important economic aquaculture species in China, Japan, and Vietnam. To identify the transcriptomic, histological, and biochemical response of M. nipponense and reveal their adaptation mechanisms, the prawns were placed at 25 ℃, 30 ℃, and 35 ℃ for 24 h. The histological damages in the gills and hepatopancreas of M. nipponense were found under acute heat stress. Additionally, acute heat stress enhanced the digestive, metabolic, and antioxidative capacity of M. nipponense by biochemical analysis. The total RNA of hepatopancreas and gills were isolated and sequenced using the RNA-Seq method. After filtration, assembly, and aggregation, a total of 131690 unigenes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly involved in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, proteolysis, nucleus, cytoplasm, nucleus, and ATP binding. In the hepatopancreas, several pathways were significantly enriched in the treatment groups, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, thyroid hormone synthesis, and ECM-receptor interaction. And in the gills, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, ribosome, and calcium signaling pathway, were enriched. The transcriptomic analysis provided insights into the thermoregulation and molecular mechanisms of M. nipponense in response to acute heat stress.
Test Development for Power Management Integrated Circuit
Authors: Veenadevi S V , Aihole Soumya N
Published: December 2022

Integrated circuits are the basic building blocks of almost all commercial electronic devices, such as workstations, mobile phones, personal computers, automation hardware, automobiles, modern gear, military hardware, and home appliances. A single IC defect can cause the entire system to fail. Every IC must meet the technical specifications defined in the database during the IC manufacturing process. Unfortunately, a small number of ICs fail to meet the required standards sometimes. These faults must be identified prior to the product has been released to the market. As a result, testing necessitates the development of a test environment, an integration of hardware and software that ensures the quality of the product comparable to that of any other. The purpose of the project is to create a test solution for the Smart High Side Switch which is a Power Management IC. Test program for the device is developed such that it verifies all the specifications as mentioned in the database. Characterization of the device is also performed to statistically analyze the quality and life span of the device. The testing is done on Eagle Test Systems(ETS) ATE and verified all specifications.
Reintroducing industry effects in capital structure determination of SMEs
Authors: Daskalakis Nikolaos , Tsota Eleni
Published: December 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
How to Catch Family-oriented Cruise Tourists’ Hearts? Exploring Motivation and Demand via Three-stage Travel Experience
Authors: Chen Wen-Yu , Fang Yu-Hsiang , Chang Ya-Ping , Kuo Cheng-Yi
Published: December 2022

With declining birthrates, family travel has considerable potential in the cruise market. This study explores the motivation for joining family cruise travel, the needs of passengers, and the three stages of cruise travel experience (the expected, experience, and recall stages). This study adopts qualitative research and an in-depth survey method for investigation. Results reveal that “new experience,” “desire for cruise travel,” “convenience,” and “generating social topics/publicity” are the motivations to join family cruise travel. The results can serve as reference in the planning process of family cruise travel.
Generationale Umweltkrisen
Authors: Stemmann Anna
Published: December 2022

Der Beitrag widmet sich Erzählungen (Bilderbuch, Comic, Roman) von ökologischen Krisen und Transformationsprozessen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Texte, die entlang der ökologischen Veränderungen von generationalen Ordnungen und vor allem auch Spannungen erzählen. Ziel ist es, Forschungsansätze der literaturwissenschaftlichen Kulturökologie und des Ecocriticism mit den Age Studies zu verbinden, um neue Perspektiven auf die Texte zu gewinnen. So werden einerseits die Konstruktionen und Inszenierungen von Natur und Umwelt reflektiert und andererseits auch die damit verwobenen diskursiven Positionen in einem generationalen Gefüge. Diese werden mit Zapfs triadischem Funktionsmodell auf ihre diskursiven Funktionen hin untersucht. Insbesondere in der Figurengestaltung der Texte zeigen sich über die Alterszuschreibungen deutlich differierende Positionen. So stehen vor allem die jugendlichen Figuren häufig für den von Zapf (2008) so genannten imaginativen Gegendiskurs, während die Erwachsenen die Fehlstellungen eines kulturkritischen Metadiskurses repräsentieren. Interessant ist dabei weiterhin, dass sich zunehmend Verantwortungsrollen umkehren: Die Jugendlichen müssen die Erwachsenen davon überzeugen, umweltfreundlicher und -bewusster zu leben. Auf der Gegenstandsebene verfolgt der Beitrag einen intermedialen Ansatz, bei dem ein Comic (Lukas Jüliger: Unfollow, 2020), ein Bilderbuch (Zoë Tucker / Zoe Persico: Greta und die Großen, 2019) und ein Jugendroman (Swantje Oppermann: Fieber, 2021) einbezogen werden.
[English title and abstract below] 
Generational Environmental CrisesConnections between Age Studies and Ecocriticsm
This article addresses narratives of ecological crises and transformation processes. The focus is on those that tell of generational orders, especially of tensions, along the lines of ecological changes. The article aims to combine the approaches of literary cultural ecology and ecocriticism with the perspective of age studies. Doing so reflects the constructions and stagings of nature and the environment as well as the discursive positions interwoven with them in a generational structure. Characterisation, especially according to age attribution, shows clearly differing positions. While young characters often stand for what Hubert Zapf calls the imaginative counter-discourse, adult figures represent the misconceptions of a cultural-critical meta-discourse. Interestingly, the roles of responsibility are increasingly reversed: Young people have to convince adults to live in a more environmentally friendly and conscious way. The article takes an intermedial approach, analysing a graphic novel (Lukas Jüliger, Unfollow, 2020), a picturebook (Zoë Tucker / Zoe Persico, Greta and the Giants, 2019) and a young adult novel (Swantje Oppermann, Fieber, 2021).
Gartengemeinschaften
Authors: Brun Lena
Published: December 2022

[English title and abstract below]
Gärten sind am Schnittpunkt der gesellschaftlichen Begriffe Natur und Kultur angesiedelt, deren Trennung sie gleichzeitig infrage stellen. Gärten dienen daher in diesem Artikel als Denkfigur für das Anthropozän, das die Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Umwelt ontologisch hinterfragt und neu denkt. Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, dass in der Kinderliteratur ein neomaterieller Zugang zu einer mehr als menschlichen Welt offensichtlich war, noch bevor ein interdisziplinärer Diskurs über das Anthropozän geführt wurde, und bis heute verhandelt wird. Gärten spiegeln in der Kinderliteratur alternative Erzählungen wider, denen der Artikel anhand exemplarischer Literatur aus drei verschiedenen Epochen – dem frühen 20. Jahrhundert, den 1980er- und den 2010er-Jahren – nachgeht. Anhand der Texte untersucht der Artikel Verstrickungen und tentakuläre Beziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteur:innen, mit denen die Geschichten erzählt werden. Dabei konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf vier Kategorien von Entitäten: das Tier (das Rotkehlchen), das Pflanzliche (die Gänseblümchen) und das Artefakt (der Zaun) sowie eine Hybridisierung von Mensch und Garten. Durch diese Akteur:innen wird der Garten als ein Netzwerk verschiedener menschlicher und nichtmenschlicher Akteur:innen untersucht und danach gefragt, wie Literatur für Kinder die Grenze zwischen Mensch und Umwelt ästhetisch widerspiegelt.
 
Kinship in the GardenMultispecies Narratives in Children’s Literature
Gardens are positioned at the intersection of the social concepts of ›nature‹ and ›culture‹, while simultaneously challenging the separation of these concepts. In this article, gardens are explored as a figure of thought for the Anthropocene, which questions and reconceives the relationship between humans and their environment in an ontological frame. The article argues that a new-materialist approach to a more-than-human world was evident in children’s literature before the commencement of interdisciplinary discourse about the Anthropocene, and it is still being negotiated there today. Gardens reflect alternative narratives in children's literature, explored here in exemplary books from three different epochs – the early twentieth century, the 1980s and the 2010s. The article examines entanglements and tentacular relationships between the different agents of these narratives, focussing on four categories of entities: the animal (the robin), the vegetal (the daisies), the artefact (the fence), along with a hybridisation of human and garden. Through these entities, the article explores the garden as a network of diverse human and nonhuman agents, and asks how the boundary between humans and the environment is aesthetically reflected in literature for children.
Was der Stein erzählt
Authors: Sippl Carmen
Published: December 2022

[English title and abstract below]
Der Titel von Brendan Wenzels Bilderbuch Der stille Stein (2019) benennt die Hauptfigur und die Handlung: ein Stein, der still an einem Ufer liegt. Wie verändert diese materielle Perspektive die Wahrnehmung der im Bilderbuch dargestellten Natur-Kultur-Verhältnisse? Welche Wissensformen bringt eine solche Erzählweise hervor? Die kulturökologische Lektüre dieses Bilderbuches fokussiert die biosemiotischen Interaktionen des Steins mit nichtmenschlichen Akteuren wie Tieren, Wasser, Gras und Dreck. Aus der Sicht des Material Ecocriticism untersucht dieser Beitrag das narrative Potenzial von Bilderbüchern für eine Poetologie des Wissens. Als multimodale Ensembles, die aus mindestens zwei semiotischen Systemen, Text und Bild, bestehen, verfügen Bilderbücher über eine Vielzahl von diskursiven Möglichkeiten, um nichtmenschliche Geschichten als „storied matter“ zu erzählen. Dies wird in einem kurzen Vergleich mit den verbalen und visuellen Codierungen in Alexandra Helmigs und Stefanie Harjes’ Bilderbuch Der Stein und das Meer (2020) gezeigt, das die Geschichte eines Steins mittels Anthropomorphisierung erzählt. In beiden Beispielen unterläuft der Stein als Figur in Raum und Zeit den anthropozentrischen Blick. Bilderbücher weisen, wie die kulturökologische Lektüre zeigt, ein wissenspoetologisches Potenzial für ökologische Diskurse auf, dessen Erforschung im Rahmen einer Ästhetik des Anthropozäns der Bilderbuchforschung ein neues Feld eröffnet.
 
The Stone’s StoryOn the Poetology of Knowledge in the Picturebooks A Stone Sat Still (2019) and Der Stein und das Meer (2020)
The title of Brendan Wenzel’s picturebook A Stone Sat Still (2019) names the main character and the storyline: a stone, sitting still on the bank of a tidal inlet. How does this material perspective change the perception of nature-culture relations? What forms of knowledge does such a narrative produce? A cultural-ecological reading of this book focuses on the biosemiotic interaction of the stone with nonhuman agents like animals, water, grass and dirt. From the point of view of material ecocriticism, this article examines the narrative potential of picturebooks for a poetology of knowledge. Consisting of at least two semiotic systems, i. e. text and images, picturebooks as multimodal ensembles are able to tell nonhuman stories in a great variety of discursive styles. This will be shown in a brief comparison with the verbal and visual encodings in Alexandra Helmig’s and Stefanie Harjes’s Der Stein und das Meer [The Stone and the Sea] (2020), a picturebook that tells a stone’s story by means of anthropomorphism. By questioning the anthropocentric conceptions of nature, the ecological narratives performed in picturebooks on nonhuman matter might contribute to an aesthetics of the Anthropocene. An exploration of its poetology of knowledge opens up a new field for picturebook research.
Evergreen Snake and Gamiž
Authors: Tropin Tijana , Mijić Nemet Ivana
Published: December 2022

Slavic folklore contains a variety of beliefs concerning magical animals and other imaginary and liminal beings, their characteristics and properties. This heritage was adopted and used in the past by various children’s authors who integrated these folklore motifs into their own work. Some recent authors, on the other hand, show a marked tendency to implement animals of their own invention in order to convey an ecological message, often employing a quasi-encyclopaedic approach (e. g. Uroš Petrović and Zoran Penevski). Others create imaginary animals in order to explore moral dilemmas and psychological depths in a form appropriate for children (e. g. Mina Todorović). When folklore heritage makes a reappearance, it sometimes takes on a comical function in a contemporary urban context (e. g. Ivana Nešić). In this paper we provide an overview and an analysis of fantastic animals and their heterogeneous origins and functions in contemporary Serbian fantasy written for children, presenting a condensed outline of the most recent developments. Our aim is to combine a traditional analysis of the literary fantastic and folklore elements with ecocriticism.
Integration von Fernbuslinienangeboten
Authors: Selzer Sina , Kruse Claudia , Wilde Mathias , Lanzendorf Martin
Published: December 2022

Während sich die Fernverkehrsangebote auf der Schiene über Jahrzehnte hinweg und im Laufe eines kontinuierlichen Infrastrukturausbaus entwickelten, muss sich die städtische Verkehrsplanung in kurzer Zeit auf die neuen Angebote des Fernbuslinienmarktes einstellen. Dabei sehen sich die Städte mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen konfrontiert: Sie müssen Verknüpfungspunkte in Form von Fernbus-terminals vorhalten und sie stehen vor der Aufgabe, die Fernbuslinienangebote in die regionalen Verkehrssysteme zu integrieren. Durch die dynamische Entwicklung des Fernbusmarktes nach seiner Liberalisierung, den schnellen Ausbau der Linienverbindungen und den unvorhergesehenen Anstieg der Fahrgastzahlen waren die lokalen Akteure bislang kaum in der Lage, fundiertes Erfahrungswissen im verkehrsplanerischen Umgang mit Fernbuslinienangeboten aufzubauen. Das Projekt „Integration von Fernbuslinienangeboten“ nimmt sich am Beispiel der Stadt Frankfurt am Main den Handlungsnotwendigkeiten der städtischen Verkehrsplanung an und formuliert auf Grundlage einer Fahrgastbefragung an zwei Standorten mögliche Optionen aus der Perspektive der Fahrgäste. Dabei stehen insbesondere die Anforderungen an und Handlungsoptionen für die städtebauliche und verkehrliche Integration der Fernbuslinienangebote in lokale Verkehrssysteme im Fokus.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Kontekstual dengan Media Liveworksheets Pada Materi Lingkaran Di Kelas VIII
Authors: Shalahuddin Muhammad Hammas , Hayuhantika Diesty
Published: December 2022

Learning media is one of the tools used by teachers to improve quality and overcome some learning problems. One of the problems that is often encountered by students is about understanding the concept. One of the learning media that can be designed to overcome this problem is student worksheets or LKPD. This study aims to describe the process and results of contextual-based E-LKPD development on class VIII circle material using live worksheets so that a valid and feasible product is produced. This research refers to a 4D development model that is modified into 3D (Define, Design, Develop). The results showed that the level of validity or feasibility of product development from the assessment of media experts got a percentage of 80.47% which was in the "Decent" category. From the assessment of material experts, the percentage of 90% is in the "Very feasible" category. From the trials conducted on the teacher, the percentage of 98.21% was in the "Very feasible" category. The last trial conducted on a small group of 9 students of class VIII got a percentage of 95% which was in the "Very feasible" category. The development of contextual-based E-LKPD with live worksheets media in the class VIII circle material is valid and feasible to be used as a learning medium that can be used to develop students' conceptual understanding.
Pengembangan Handout Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas VIII Berdasarkan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik
Authors: Nurfadlilah Lillah , Wahid Sirojudin , Misri Muhamad Ali
Published: December 2022

Learning resources in the form of textbooks and LKS often make students feel bored during learning activities, because these two learning sources often only contain formulas and material, without any comprehensive explanation of mathematical concepts. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in the learning resources used in schools. This research is aimed at developing handouts for class VIII on flat sided of three-dimensional material based on the Realistic Mathematics Learning approach. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development) with the 4-D model development method by Thiagarajan, namely: 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, and 4) Disseminate. The results of the material expert's validation of the handout showed an average value of 0.8106 with high validity criteria and was declared feasible. The results of the media expert's validation of the handout showed an average value of 0.8698 with high validity criteria and was declared feasible. From the post-test results of the experimental class, it was found that almost all students passed. The results of the Independent Sample T-Test at the testing stage for the use of the experimental class showed a value of 0.034, thus a significance value of <0.05 was obtained, which means that there was a significant difference in improving student learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class. This is in line with the students' responses at the usage trial stage obtaining a percentage of 79% with the criteria that almost all students gave a positive response to the handout.
Processing of Data Obtained by the Testing of Steel under Low Cyclic Fatigue (Part I)
Authors: Aleksić Vujadin , Bulatović Srđan , Zečević Bojana , Maksimović Ana , Milović Ljubica
Published: December 2022

The design of mechanical components exposed to fatigue load, at a low number of cycles, requires knowledge of the behaviour of the material under the impact of variable load in conditions of controlled strain when cyclic plasticity is present. The aim of testing the quality of the material of the components exposed to low cycle fatigue (LCF) in many industries: nuclear, aerospace, mechanical, civil engineering and shipbuilding. In order to ensure the reliability and consistency of the results from different laboratories, it is necessary to collect all test data using test and data processing methodologies that are in accordance with a number of key points of ISO 12106:2017 and/or ASTM E 606-04 standards. This paper defines a new data processing methodology after the LCF testing of steel.
Increasing the innovative potential of construction industry enterprises
Authors:   Institute of Economics of Academy of Sciences, Rasulev Alicher F. , Gorbachevskaya Evgenia Yu. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Nikityuk Lyubov G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Timchuk Oksana G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

Key issues of economic growth and the increase in the social responsibility of enterprises of the construc-tion industry are addressed on the basis of an intensification of the processes of using scientific and tech-nical potential, the formation and implementation of long-term plans and programs for innovative develop-ment. In this regard, the problem of managing the structural elements of innovation is becoming increasingly important. The relevance of the research topic consists in the fact that, under contemporary conditions, a key factor in improving competitiveness in the market consists in increasing the innovative potential of con-struction enterprises. The object of the research is the innovative potential of entities operating within the framework of investment-construction organisations. The subject of research is the organisational and eco-nomic relations that are emerging in the process of forming and developing the innovative potential of the construction industry. In the context of an analysis of problems relating to the innovative development of enterprises in the construction industry, the authors of the present study developed a process of formation and implementation of innovative construction projects in the construction industry. The stages of the inno-vation process are described taking modern aspects of economic development into account. This helped to identify opportunities for improving the efficiency of innovative construction projects, more detailed and correct calculation of economic efficiency indicators, as well as ways to minimise potential risks and achieve strategic orientations of innovative development. External and internal factors affecting the devel-opment of innovation were studied. The structural components of the innovation potential are presented, as well as the main components of the development of the innovation strategy of a construction enterprise. Conclusions are formulated based on the study that demonstrate the effectiveness of innovations used in the construction industry.
Development of a methodology for assessing the readiness of enterprises for public-private partnership in the field of public water supply
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin), Skolubovich Alexander Yu. , Matveeva Maria V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

A solution to the problem of refurbishing worn-out public water supply systems is presented in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in which the efforts of the state and private business are com-bined. This approach differs from the prevalent approach, according to which only those service providers having the necessary funds take responsibility for the technical condition and modernisation of public water systems. To implement the idea, a methodology was proposed for assessing the readiness of partnership participants to these relations, considering not only the availability of technical, economic and social com-ponents, but also the trust and mutual responsibility of the parties that are not comprehensively considered in traditional approaches. The practical implementation of the author’s methodology for assessing the readi-ness of municipal water supply enterprises to a public-private partnership and the author’salgorithm for con-cluding PPP projects in the municipal water supply sector, considering the participants ’readiness for part-nership, is implemented using the example of Vodokanal LLC in Iskitim (Novosibirsk region) demonstrating cost reduction and cost, which contributes to revenue growth. A methodology has been developed for as-sessing the readiness and training of public utilitieswater supplyand the authorities for PPP. An algorithm has been developed for the creation of PPP projects based on the author's approach to assessing the readiness and preparation of public water supply enterprises and authorities for PPP.
Use of hydrolytic lignin as a stabilising additive for crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete
Authors:   Company BGC Contracting, Chan Min Dat Le , Balabanov Vadim B. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Protsenko Maksim Yu. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The experience of using hydrolytic lignin in Russian and foreign literature allows it to be considered as a stabilising additive in the production of stone-mastic asphalt concrete mix. For thispurpose, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests of raw materials and asphalt concrete mixtures with different percentages of hydrolytic lignin. Also, on the basis of the obtained results, to draw a conclusion about the use of waste from the hydrolysis industry for the building of the top layers of stone-mastic asphalt concrete coatings at the construction sites, reconstructions, major repairs and highways. Crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete is an artificial road-building material, consisting of a mixture of mineral materials (crushed stone, sand from crushing siftings and mineral powder), oil road bitumen, used as a binding and stabilising additive for re-sistance to delamination and uniformity of crushed stone-asphalt concrete. Hydrolytic lignin is a polymer that makes up the walls of plant cells. The use of hydrolytic lignin as a stabilising additive for crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixture allows to stabilise this mixture, to increase the adhesion of bitumen to the surface of the mineral material and to improve the physical and mechanical properties of crushed-stone-asphalt concrete. Based on the data obtained, the composition of crushed stone-mastic asphalt con-crete was developed using a stabilising additive from hydrolytic lignin. The use of hydrolytic lignin as a sta-bilising additive will improve the performance properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete, as well as reduce the cost of construction, reconstruction and overhaul of highways.
Experimental studies of air permeability indicators of composite "Poroplast CF"
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Moskvitin Vladimir A. , Emelyanova Natalia A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Mashovich Andrey Ya. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

Approximately half of the total energy consumed in the world is used for heating buildings and structures. Therefore, it is quite logical that an important component of almost all national long-term development pro-grams focused on the world economy of fuel and energy resources is to ensure the most effective thermal insulation of heating systems and enclosing structures of the new buildings. The use of carbamide cellular plastics as heat insulation of buildings enclosing structures and the requirements of regulatory documents on the parameters of acceptable air permeability determine the need for an experimental determination of their resistance to air penetration. The purpose of experimental studies of air permeability indicators forcar-bamide cellular plastics is to establish numerical values and to identify patterns of their changes depending on the density of the studied material, which to varying degrees will affect the total indicator of normalised resistance to air penetration of multilayer enclosing structures. An experimental and analytical evaluation of the studied indicators of air permeability of different density of carbamide cellular plastics was performed. This consists in an innovative heat-insulating product constructed directly on the objects under construction using high-performance generating plants and monolithically stacked to ensure thermal protection of enclos-ing structures. The study presents the experimental data on the air permeability of carbamide cellular plas-tics of various densities, which is connected with their use as thermal protection of enclosing structures of the building envelope. The newly obtained data on the air permeability of carbamide cellular plastics with different density values, provided by TU-2254-002-16602333-02, make it possible to evaluate the satisfacto-riness of multilayer enclosing structures to normalised indicators of resistance to air penetration in accord-ance with the regulatory document "SP 50.13330.2012 – Thermal protection of buildings. Updated version of SNiP 23-02-2003".
Dependence of the integral strength characteristics of vibro-centrifuged concrete on technological vibration factors
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Zherebtsov Yuriy V. , Voyakin Alexandr S. ,   Don State Technical University, Sukiasyan Alexandr A. ,   Don State Technical University, Desyatnikov Kirill S. ,   Don State Technical University, Khokhlova Viktoriya P. ,   Don State Technical University, Bespalyi Egor Yu. ,   Don State Technical University, Padiev Islam D. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

Centrifugation in conjunction with vibrationis widely used for compacting concrete mixtures. Amode, where vibration is considered as a method for liquefying a concrete mixture at the stages of its dispersion under the influence of centrifugal forces, is referred to as vibro-centrifugation. An experimental setupis proposed for creating vibro-centrifuged elements with a variatropic structure. The paper discusses the technological process parameters having the most significant effect on the characteristics of vibro-centrifuged concrete and structures produced there from. In the experiments, the height and shape of the technological protrusions of the clamps were varied. The influence of these factors on the integral (general, cross-section-averaged) characteristics of concrete was investigated: density, structural characteristics in compression (cubic and prismatic strength) and structural characteristics in tension (axial and flexural strength). The conducted analysis of the experimental results established correlations between the integral strength characteristics of vibro-centrifuged concrete and technological factors. An advantage of the proposed approach to controlling the properties of vibro-centrifuged concretes and structures produced there from consists in the development of technological and design solutions based on experimental results. Vibro-centrifuged concretes manufactured using technological protrusions of rectangular сlamps with a height of 5 mm showed the highest values of integral strength characteristics.
nfluence of the mixture flow pattern in the volume of a mixer on the homogeneity of the prepared mixture
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shuiskii Anatolii I. , Shcherban' Evgenii M. ,   Don State Technical University, Stel'makh Sergei A. ,   Don State Technical University, Dotsenko Natal'ya A. ,   Don State Technical University, El'shaeva Diana M. ,   Don State Technical University, Samofalova Mariya S. ,   Don State Technical University, Zherebtsov Yurii V. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

An analysis of turbulent transport patterns in mixers revealed specific features of the flow hydrodynamics of the mixed medium with regard to mixers either without internal devices or with internal devices of small cross-section. Despite the increasing popularity of mixers without internal devices, experimental studies were carried out mainly in mixers with baffles, since they provide a higher turbulence of the mixing process allowing effective preparation of foam concrete mixtures with evenly distributed components throughout the mixer volume. Experimental studies of the dependence of peripheral velocity on the characteristics of the internal devices of the mixer in the preparation of foam concrete mixtures showed a high degree of agreement between the experimental and calculated data. Calculations based on the equations provided in the article and measurement results indicate that, when fixed elements are attached to the mixer, the circumferential velocity is significantly reduced. It should be noted that the fixed devices installed in a mixer are affected by hydrodynamic forces. The results of the conducted experiments and comparisons demonstrated that, when preparing a foam concrete mixture in a turbulent mixer without internal reflective baffles, the effect of a cylindrical surface with a turbulent diffusion ratio equal to zero makes it impossible to evenly distribute the mixture components throughout the volume and pore the mortar mixture.
Legislative foundations of architectural and construction activity in the first half of the 19th century
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Zolotareva Milena V.
Published: December 2022

The article considers the time period associated with the government reforms and the codification of legal rules in the first half of the 19th century. The purpose of the work is to identify the performance of a new form of legal acts called the Code of Laws. The influence of this document on the supervision of construction at various levels of government is considered. The basis of the research is a study of the documents presented in the Code of Laws published in 1832 and 1842. In the first half of the 19th century, these documents became the main legislative acts in the design, control and construction of all types of buildings, as well as in related areas of construction and planning. The conducted research revealed that the reforms of the second half of the 19th century changed the state control policy in the field of civil construction, at the same time as contributing to the improvement of regulatory documents on the development of territories, management of architectural and construction complexes, regulation of architectural and construction activities, development of urban economy, transport, industry, etc. At that time, architectural and construction activities, having been traditionally kept under close surveillance of the state authorities, acquired not only a central government body, but also to a set of legislative documents specified in the Code of Laws. This Code became a legal framework for architectural and construction activities at all levels of government and all types of property. The introduction of new forms of management of architectural and construction complexes, as well as the integration of legal documents, since the middle of the 18th century, created the foundation for the effective work of the vertical integration in terms of management, regulation, control, implementation of construction activities, supervision of construction, etc. Simultaneously, this contributed to the growth of the necessary buildings of state and public (city) property.
Consideration of physical nonlinearity in the calculation of a flat reinforced concrete slab using the SCAD software
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kushch Vadim A. , Yashchenko Vladimir P. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The aim of the paper is to analyze the results of the determination of forces and motions in a flat slab under static load, obtained considering the physically nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete. The deformation theories used for composite materials were compared. A linear analysis was carried out, along with a nonlinear automated analysis of forces and motions in a slab in the SCAD Office software (version 21.1.9.7) based on various deformation theories. An automatic calculation of a slab was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the SP 52-103-2007 “Concrete monolithic building structures”, according to which the nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete structural elements should be considered by introducing reducing coefficients. A comparative analysis of the obtained forces and motions in a flat reinforced concrete slab was carried out. An inconsistency was found between the values calculated based on the theory of physical nonlinearity and those calculated according to the recommendations of SP 52-103-2007. In comparison with the nonlinear analysis based on SP 52-103-2007, the maximum error comprised 55.8%. The obtained values of motions, according to the recommendations of SP 52-103-2007, were also inconsistent. The largest discrepancy in the results of the nonlinear analysis was 49.4%, while the largest discrepancy in the linear analysis was 69%. Thus, the study showed inconsistency between the results obtained using the guidelines and the results of linear and non-linear analysis. The difference in the results demands additional verification when using non-linear analysis in calculations for strength and stiffness as a means of clarifying the stress-strain state of the studied structure.
Comparative analysis of the determination of the load capacity of a driven hanging pile
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Latyshev Pavel S. , Dmitrieva Tatyana L. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

This article is aimed at verifying a methodology for defining the load capacity of adriven hanging pile, which is part of a foundation laid on a real construction site after conducting engineering and geological surveys. The results of an automated analysis of the pile load capacity implemented in 2 software complexes (SC) – a) "Zapros" software (version 21.1.9.7), which is a part of SCAD Office software and b) with a subsystem "Statika" – a part of the complex planning system Ing+ were compared. Further, we performed a calculation analysis according to the SP 24.13330.2012 "Pile Foundations. The updated Version of SNiP 2.02.03-85", where the load capacity of a driven hanging pile is calculated as a sum of the resistivity of the foundation ground under the low part of the pile and the ground on its side surface. A comparative analysis of the obtained results established that the value calculated in SC Statika, namely in module Statika ground –concrete piles, is lower than that obtained by manual analysis according to SP (the spread is 2.19%). At the same time, the result obtained with the Zapros software produces an error higher than the normative value by 13.55%. Thus, the study has shown inconsistency in the results obtained using normative requirements and automated analysis. It can be concluded that the use of software complexes does not guarantee an entirely reliable result, thus not abrogating the responsibility of the planner and requiring additional verification.
The method of redundant design schemes and the method of contour minimization of group water supply and sewerage systems
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Moroz Mariya V.
Published: December 2022

Due to the uneven distribution of water resources across the territory of Russia, many settlements and even cities do not have own sources of water supply and reservoirs, where treated wastewater could be discharged. To solve this problem, group and district water supply and sewerage systems are designed, built, and developed, hundreds and even thousands of kilometers long. The construction and operation of such facilities require significant financial investments every year. Therefore, the issues of the choice of routes, the structure of facilities, and particularly the methods of transporting water and wastewater, justifying the locations of water intakes and treat treatment facilities are relevant and require special attention and development of a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the structure and parameters of water supply and sewerage systems. The paper proposes, on the basis of a previously constructed redundant graph, the method of contour minimization of the structure of facilities and ways of supplying water to end users, transporting wastewater to treatment plants by pipelines and trucks. The redundant graph includes all kinds of connections (edges, arcs) that simulate pipelines and trucks, between vertices that simulate existing and new sources of water and wastewater discharges, sewage treatment plants, pumping stations, control tanks, and end users. The method selects the best (from the point of view of minimal life cycle costs) edges, arcs, and vertices of the graph and determines the corresponding parameters of pipeline and road sections of the network and facilities. This method is based on the procedure of traversing the contours and sequentially replacing the branches of the tree with moves, while the best option is remembered in the form of a spanning tree. Based on the results of the performed numerical experiments, it was shown that the use of combined (pipeline and truck) systems for transporting water in terms of life cycle costs is optimal.
State of the regional and local road network in the Baikal Region
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Slobodchikova Nadezhda A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the paper is to study the condition of the Baikal region road network. Statistical data on the development level of road networks, as well as the regulatory and technical legal documents governing the road industry in Russia and in the Baikal Region, we reanalysed. Firstly, the Baikal Region, as well as the Russian Federation as a whole, lags far behind most developed countries in terms of the development of road networks. Secondly, the road network in the Baikal Region has a very low density in the northern parts and a relatively high density in the southern parts, which are more developed and populated. Thirdly, the actual condition of the roads significantly differs from the regulatory and engineering requirements. Fourthly, the final cost of the product is twice as high as in developed countries. This is due to the low level of quality and development of the road network, as well as the high transport expenses. Moreover, the low quality of the roads has a direct impact on the number of accidents. It can be concluded that an effective mechanism for the modernization of the road industry in the Baikal region has not been developed. The existing regulatory framework and the deadlines set by various development programs do not accomplish the development indicators of regional and local road networks. It is essential that approaches to road capital repair and maintenance of regional and local roads should be modified. A repair of a whole stretch of a road should replace the traditional approach of repairing individual small sections of a road and its structures. To this end, theoretical and methodological provisions and practical guidelines for developing road networks in the Baikal region should be established.