bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justification of the use of milling combines at quarries for the extraction of non-metallic minerals
Authors: Sobko B , Сhebanov M , Armanovskiy O , Kriachek V
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the technology for developing deposits for the extraction of non-metallic minerals through the utilization of self-propelled milling combines. Methodology. The research employs analytical, statistical, graphoanalytic methods, and experimental studies conducted within existing quarry conditions. Results. An analysis of non-explosive technologies for extracting solid non-metallic minerals reveals that layer-by-layer combine mining of rocks emerges as the most prevalent and promising technology in quarries. This method distinguishes itself from other mechanical methods of preparing and developing rock mass due to its low cost and safety in mining operations. The effectiveness of applying non-explosive layer-by-layer technology for limestone extraction using Wirtgen 2200 SM milling machines is substantiated. The study establishes that parameters determining the necessity to transition from current to cyclic technological schemes of milling combine operation include the minimum turning radius of the combine, the duration of the working cycle, and the length of the work front. Conducted research yields a productivity dependency of milling combines on the length of the mining operations front for both the flow and shuttle work schemes. This enables the determination that a cyclic scheme is rational for front lengths ranging from 50 to 110 meters, while a flow scheme with a movable loop is suitable for front lengths exceeding 110 meters. Originality. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the justification of rational technological schemes for developing non-metallic minerals utilizing milling combines and in establishing dependencies between changes in milling combine productivity and the length of the mining front. Practical implementation. The findings of this study support the implementation of layered mining technology with milling combines as the primary extraction and loading equipment in the Niginsky-Verbetsky limestone deposit. This approach enhances mining operation efficiency, reduces costs, and improves the safety of limestone extraction.
Study of the influence of the slope angle of the working ledge of quartz sands on the coefficient of its stability
Authors: Dzoba M , Frolov O
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the research presented in this scientific publication is to establish the regularity of the influence of the slope angle of the working ledge of quartz sands on the coefficient of its stability in the conditions of the Sykhivske field. The methods. A comprehensive methodological approach was applied, consisting of an analysis of past research results on determining the parameters of stability of slopes, the use of comparative analysis of our data, and a graphical analytical method for establishing the relationship between the stability coefficient of the ledge and the angle of its slope. Findings. It has been established that the nature of the change in the graphical dependencies of the stability coefficient of the ledge on the slope angle is the same for both the Rocscience Slide analysis methods and the normative method of graphical constructions (according to G.L. Fisenko). The obtained dependencies are described with a high degree of reliability by a 2nd-order polynomial. It has been proved that the normative minimum value of the stability coefficient of the working ledge, depending on the analysis method, is achieved at different slope angles. The numerical values of the stability coefficient calculated by the method of graphical constructions are higher than those of the Slide analysis method. In particular, the values of the stability coefficients are higher by 6...11% compared to their values obtained by the Bishop and Spencer methods and by 9...14% compared to the Janbu values when the slope angle is changed from 25°to 50°. The originality. The graphical dependences of the change in the stability coefficient of the working ledge of the quartz sands of the Sykhivske deposit on the angle of its slope were obtained using the normative method of graphical constructions and methods of limit equilibrium in Rocscience Slide. Practical implementation. The differences in the numerical values of the slope stability coefficient calculated by the method of graphical constructions with the values obtained by the Bishop, Janbu, and Spencer analysis methods in Slide software were determined. The limits of the existing errors depending on the slope angle of the ledge are indicated.
Dynamic interaction of borehole charges groups in time and its effect on the explosive destruction of a rock mass
Authors: Malykh D , Titov D , Eremenko G
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The main objective of the research is to determine the time factors that affect the destruction of rocks under the action of their short-delayed detonation. And dedicated to the solution of the current issue - to reduce the specific costs of explosives for rock crushing by changing the order of work. At the same time, the condition of the rocks destroyed by the explosion is taken into account. The research methodology includes analytical calculations on explosion physics, geomechanical analysis of dynamic destruction of rocks; substantiation of the mathematical model of the tensions distribution and deformations in the crystalline rock and mathematical methods of processing the results of experimental and industrial tests. Findings. Peculiarities and conditions of implementation of balanced blasting of rock massifs with combined borehole charges of modern explosives in an iron out-pit have been investigated. With the use of mathematical modeling, the dependence of the values of the deceleration intervals of groups of borehole charges on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rocks, taking into account the size of the granulation, was obtained. The originality. The scientific originaliy of the research consists in revealing the patterns of the formation and dissemination of blast wave fronts during the interaction of borehole charges of the author's design (with a differentiated distribution according to the length of the boreholes and the ratio of the masses of their dispersed parts), which are detonated in one series. Specifically, the development of the theory of explosive destruction of rocks consists in establishing the time dependence of the moments of successive detonation of charges in the borehole group from the superposition of the maximum of positive phases in their fronts, which ensures the explosion of the next charge at precisely such a moment to maximize the formation of cracks in the surrounding material. Practical implementation. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a new effective method of rock blasting in the conditions of open-pit mining, as well as in the substantiation of the technological parameters of the method, which reduces the specific consumption of explosive materials and increases the quality of the iron ore enrichment works production
Peculiarities of changes in the thin crystalline structure of quartz of the Syniavske granite deposit under the influence of drilling and blasting operations
Authors: Ishkov V , Baskevych O , Kozii Y , Dreshpak O , Pashchenko P , Kozar M , Kasianenko T
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the change in the thin crystalline structure of quartz of the Syniavske granite deposit under the influence of drilling and blasting operations. Methods. The materials of the study consisted of samples of granites of the Syniavske deposit taken directly from one section in the quarry of the Syniavske deposit of the TDV "Rokytniansky special quarry" from a hammer-cracked, almost monolithic massif before drilling and blasting and from rock crushed already after drilling and blasting. To obtain the minimum necessary and sufficient amount of monomineral phases, the obtained samples were subjected to magnetic separation on a three-roll PCT separator with a length of 100 mm rolls. Results. The dimensions of the unit cell (parameters "a" and "c") of the crystal lattice of quartz from each product of magnetic separation of granites before and after blasting allowed us to establish the phenomenon of their growth, which occurs under the thermodynamic influence of blasts carried out during the development of the " Syniavske " deposit. On both crystallographic planes (101 and 211), a decrease in the size of quartz crystallites is observed both before and after blasting. In the process of primary processing of the granites of the Sinyava deposit, namely, blasting, the general anisotropy of the structure of the quartz crystal lattice increases significantly. The significant difference between the increase in the density of dislocations in the quartz crystal lattice along different spatial crystallographic planes after blasting also significantly increases the spatial anisotropy of the quartz crystal lattice. Scientific novelty. The phenomenon of changes in the substructure of the crystal lattice of quartz - one of the main rock-forming minerals of the granites of the Syniavske deposit under the thermodynamic influence of blasting - has been revealed. Their features mainly consist in the fact that, during blasting, microdistortions occur in the structural lattices of quartz, which break the long-range order, and tense interatomic bonds are formed in it, which are then broken in the field of applied stresses and increase the dispersion of crystallites, the dimensions of the unit cell and general anisotropy of the structure of the crystal lattice of this mineral. Practical significance. Significant qualitative changes in the crystal-chemical structure of the quartz granites of the Syniavske deposit have been established.
Determination of method controlling of rod drives open-pit drilling rig
Authors: Khilov V
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Rational method determination for controlling automated drive systems for rotation and feeding of explosive wells drilling rig. The methods. The study is based on the analysis of the energy balance in the bottomhole zone. To increase the stability of the roller cutter bit by controlling the energy flow in the bottomhole zone, a method of controlling the drilling process with the control of the feed and rotation mechanisms drives was developed, which forms hard mechanical characteristics on the roller cutter bit when penetrating rocks with low strength and soft mechanical characteristics in more durable rocks. Findings. The control methods for maintaining one of the following parameters at a constant level are analyzed: bit rotation frequency, bit resistance torque, bit linear speed, axial pressure on the bit, and power consumed by the rotation drive. Based on the energy criterion of bit stability, a rational method for controlling the rotary bit drive of a core drilling rig was developed. It has been established that the bit will have the greatest stability when its energy load is uniform, i.e., when the rock fracture energy is maintained at a linear increase or when the power generated in the contact zone of the bit with the bottom hole is maintained at a constant level. The originality. t has been established that the bit has the greatest stability under a uniform energy load, i.e., when maintaining a linear increase in the energy of rock destruction or when maintaining a constant level of power released in the bit- face contact zone. The established bit efficiency criterion summarizes the previously proposed criteria (penetration per bit, bit motor life, conditional bit wear), as it automatically considers the strength and abrasiveness of the rock being destroyed by the bit. Practical implementation. The proposed method of controlling the drives for feeding and rotating the drilling rod in the process of drilling ensures uniform energy loading of the core bit by forming hard mechanical characteristics on the core bit when penetrating rocks with a strength in the range of 10-13 units according to the scale of Prof. M.M. Protodyakonov and soft mechanical characteristics in stronger rocks. When drilling intermixed rocks with different physical and mechanical properties, the control method provides automatic selection of mechanical characteristics depending on the rock strength.
Immune Response in HLA-A*02:01 Transgenic Humanized Mice to the Introduction of Horse IgG Antigen
Authors: Karkischenko V. N. , Berzina A. G. , Pomytkin I. A. , Glotova E. S. , Savina M. A. , Petrov D. V. , Taboyakova L. A. , Bolotskih L. А. , Vasil’eva I. A.
Published: July 2024

The introduction of a transgene can impact negatively the functioning of vital systems in biomodels. We  carried out a comparative analysis of the immune response of mice of the HLA-A*02:01 humanized transgenic line, mice with mouse β2-microglobulin gene knockout, and wild-type mice to the introduction of horse immunoglobulin as an antigen. The biomodel lines were created at the Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. The maximum immune response was achieved on the 30th day from the onset of immunization in animals of the HLA-A*02:01 line and wild-type mice. Antibody titers in these groups increased sharply and approached 1:8,000,000 and 1:4,000,000, respectively. This indicates that genome modification in HLA-A*02:01 transgenic humanized mice did not affect functioning of the immune system. No similar dynamics of the increase in antibody titers was observed in the mice line with mouse β2-microglobulin gene knockout. On the 7th and 30th day, the antibody titer in this group increased to a value of 1:400 and 1:6,400, respectively. The weak immune response in mice with mouse β2-microglobulin gene knockout confirms the undeniably important role of  this protein in immune response formation.
The Grindlay bequest: acquisitions and childhood reading practices at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, 1770–1830
Authors: Branagh-Miscampbell Maxine
Published: July 2024

Dating from 1770 until 1960, the surviving borrowing records of the Royal High School of Edinburgh provide a unique insight into children's reading habits at a time when evidence of such reading experiences is scant. When analysed alongside library catalogues, acquisition records, and evidence of the school curriculum, these reveal the way in which a school library was used by children throughout its history. Homing in on a particular point in the library's history and taking as its focal point the sizeable bequest of books by the merchant and former pupil George Grindlay in 1801, this article argues that the unedited inclusion of books from a home library influenced, and coincided with, a decisive shift in the use of the school library towards more recreational, practical, and individualised reading experiences at a time when the school curriculum was also broadening and modernising to meet changing educational expectations in an increasingly industrialised and cosmopolitan society.
The dispersal of monastic libraries in the early nineteenth century: Buxheim and Karakallou
Authors: Williams Kelsey Jackson
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the dramatic dispersal of monastic libraries in Europe and the Christian East during the early nineteenth century through two contrasting examples. These are: (1) the 1423 St Christopher woodblock print and other early examples of fifteenth-century printing, formerly the property of the Charterhouse at Buxheim in Swabia but purchased in 1803 by Alexander Horn for George John, 2nd Earl Spencer; and (2) a series of Byzantine manuscripts, formerly the property of the monastery of Karakallou on Mount Athos but purchased in 1837 by Robert Curzon, later 14th Baron Zouche. It identifies changing perceptions surrounding the value and use of books on the parts of both monks and collectors as central to this moment and explores the different – but often surprisingly similar – ways in which books left monastic ownership in western vs. eastern contexts.
A new species of the genus Upogebia Leach, 1802 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae) from the north coast of Cuba
Authors: Ortiz Manuel , Cházaro-Olvera Sergio
Published: July 2024

Los invertebrados marinos y estuarinos de la Playa Cojímar en la costa este de La Habana, noroeste de Cuba, son monitoreados desde hace más de 40 años, siendo los crustáceos el foco de estas actividades. En una recolección reciente de muestras de crustáceos, se obtuvieron, preservaron y estudiaron dos mudas de camarones de barro o upogébidos. Sólo Pomatogebia operculata (Schmitt, 1924) y Upogebia affinis (Say, 1818) fueron registradas anteriormente en aguas cubanas. Aquí se presenta la descripción de una nueva Upogebia. También se proporciona una tabla para diferenciar la nueva especie de U. jamaicensis Thistle, 1973 y U. toralae Williams & Hernández Aguilera (1998), las dos especies más cercanas.
New records of deep-water marine amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Varela Carlos , Bracken-Grissom Heather D , Ortiz Manuel
Published: July 2024

New records of deep-sea marine amphipods are presented. Three families, three genera and three species (Chuneola paradoxa, Epimeria ortizi and Trischizostoma nicaeense) are recorded for the first time for the Gulf of Mexico. Another species, T. raschi, is recorded for the first time from the Florida Keys, the Lesser Antilles, and the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA ANAK BALITA
Authors: Siagian Regina , Firman Sekozen Sihombing  , Ripandi Siregar  , Haryanti Sibuea  , Khairun Nisa Putri  , Muhammad Naufal Arif Lubis  , Regina Oktavia
Published: July 2024

Stunting is one of the major health problems that has been the focus of the Indonesian government's health development programme for the period 2015-2019, in addition to the reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates, as well as the control of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition condition that a child experiences from the womb to early growth, resulting in a child's height falling below the age standard. The aim of this study is to find out what mother knows about stunting prevention in young children in the city field. The design of the study uses a descriptive method with a cross sectional approach with a sample of as many as 30 respondents. The analysis was done by spreading the questionnaire given to the mother who had a baby. The results of this study showed that the knowledge of stunting prevention respondents Good is 28 people (93.3%), knowledge Less as much (6.7%) or as much as 2 respondents, and on knowledge of respondents classification Quite none (0%).
A TEORIA DOS CAMPOS DE IDENTIDADE
Authors: Santos Grangeiro Josue Artaxerxes
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma nova solução ao problema da identidade pessoal, destacando como a sobrevivência do ser é viável ante o fenecimento corporal. Assim sendo, contestamos as concepções vigentes, argumentando que, na realidade, a morte é uma fase necessária para a conservação de sua própria identidade. Para atingir esse propósito, discorremos sobre a sua estrutura e algumas de suas outras propriedades, como a fluidez e a capacidade de expansão por divisão e por paridade. Desse modo, esperamos, por meio dessa análise, solver as inconsistências lógicas, relacionadas aos processos reprodutivos e de autopreservação, bem como aos apoptóticos e de renovação celular.
A PERSONALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Rodrigues de Oliveira Thalles
Published: July 2024

RESUMO: O presente artigo versa sobre a concepção de personalização descrita pelo filósofo Gilles Lipovetsky. Pretende-se evidenciar a ideia de personalização advinda da época pós-moderna de forma a compreender o processo de personalização dentro do ciberespaço ao longo da hipermodernidade, com a justificativa de compreender os processos de personalização da informação a partir da criação do algoritmo pela empresa Google no ano de 2009. A personalização compreende o caráter inaugurador da pós-modernidade, dado que esta ideia elabora o empreendimento de si, o torna-se a si mesmo. É concebida em um momento de flexibilidade da sociedade, alto consumo de bens e a julgar que este consumo causa prazer, logo invoca-se a estrutura do hedonismo a partir da lógica da sedução pelo marketing e a estrutura fordista de produção.
Palavras-Chave: Pós-modernidade; Personalização; Ciberespaço; Hipermodernidade
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA PARA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA:
Authors: Dos Santos Allison Bruno
Published: July 2024

Este artigo explora a importância da prática pedagógica na promoção da aprendizagem significativa, com ênfase na disciplina de filosofia. Abordaremos estratégias pedagógicas que visam envolver os alunos de maneira ativa, estimulando a reflexão crítica, o diálogo e a aplicação dos princípios filosóficos na vida cotidiana. A filosofia, como disciplina, oferece uma oportunidade única para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e para a compreensão profunda do mundo que nos cerca.
 
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SOBRE A SERVIDÃO DO PENSAR
Authors: Mayer Rui
Published: July 2024

Este escrito é um trabalho filosófico-educacional que objetiva contribuir para a sustentação de uma provocação à reflexão sobre a normatização brasileira para a graduação em filosofia – especialmente em relação à formação de professores de filosofia –, por uma revisitação e exploração do ensaio Schopenhauer como educador, de F. Nietzsche. O estudo empreendido parte da crítica do jovem Nietzsche às instituições educacionais e ao ensino de filosofia, para daí promover uma leitura dos documentos institucionais que estabelecem as Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de Filosofia. Esta leitura aponta que uma preocupação principal, com o controle legal sobre o que ensinar e como deve ser o ensino de filosofia, secundariza uma adequada preocupação com o apoiamento ao melhor e livre pensar – para Nietzsche, a razão própria de ser da cultura, da filosofia e da educação.
NOTAS SOBRE A HISTÓRIA DA SEXUALIDADE DE FOUCAULT
Authors: De Santana Júnior Paulo Borges
Published: July 2024

A questão sobre uma transformação de si independente do modelo jurídico, em Foucault, requer mais do que uma argumentação encaminhada a uma resposta afirmativa. O sim não é o bastante. A argumentação começa antes da questão, fazendo parte da colocação da própria questão. Desse modo, a possibilidade de uma tal transformação de si exige a investigação dos três volumes d’A História da Sexualidade de Foucault. Mesmo com a mudança de projeto realizada entre os volumes I e II, o primeiro continua fundamental para entender o nascimento da problematização do modelo jurídico. O segundo volume, situado historicamente nos séculos VI e III a.C – Grécia clássica –, traz um outro modelo, ainda rudimentar, que propõe o exercício de um domínio de si. O terceiro volume, por sua vez, situado nos séculos I e II d.C. – mundo greco-romano –, expõe um modelo mais aperfeiçoado que possui referência ao anterior, mas o supera, ao introduzir uma noção de reciprocidade na relação consigo, da qual resulta o cuidado de si.
Exploring fish choruses: patterns revealed through PCA computed from daily spectrograms
Authors: Sánchez-Gendriz Ignacio , Luna-Naranjo D. , Guedes Luiz Affonso , López José D. , Padovese L. R.
Published: July 2024

Soundscape analysis has become integral to environmental monitoring, particularly in marine and terrestrial settings. Fish choruses within marine ecosystems provide essential descriptors for environmental characterization. This study employed a month-long sequence of continuous underwater recordings to generate 24-h spectrograms, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) specifically adapted to analyze fish choruses. The spectrograms were constructed using a frequency range from 0 to 5 kHz, represented by 1,025 spectral points (frequency bin width 5 Hz) on a linear scale. A preliminary spectral subsampling reduced the frequency components to 205 spectral points. PCA was then applied to this subsampled data, selecting 7 principal components (PCs) that explained 95% of the variance. To enhance visualization and interpretation, we introduced “acoustic maps” portrayed as heatmaps. This methodology proved valuable in characterizing the structure of the observed environment and capturing pertinent diel patterns of fish choruses. Additionally, these PCA components can be analyzed using acoustic maps to reveal hidden dynamics within the marine acoustic environment. The dimensionality reduction achieved by PCA not only streamlined data handling but also enabled the extraction of spectral information pertinent to fish choruses and the temporal dynamics of the soundscape. In conclusion, our methodology presents a versatile framework extendable to diverse biological choruses and ecoacoustic studies. The straightforward, easily interpretable analysis leverages computations derived from 24-h spectrograms, offering novel insights into the daily dynamics of biological. Choruses and contributing to future advancements in ecoacoustic research.
Revisiting the role of hypoxia-inducible factors and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in regulating macrophage inflammation and metabolism
Authors: Ting Kenneth K. Y.
Published: July 2024

The recent birth of the immunometabolism field has comprehensively demonstrated how the rewiring of intracellular metabolism is critical for supporting the effector functions of many immune cell types, such as myeloid cells. Among all, the transcriptional regulation mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) have been consistently shown to play critical roles in regulating the glycolytic metabolism, redox homeostasis and inflammatory responses of macrophages (Mφs). Although both of these transcription factors were first discovered back in the 1990s, new advances in understanding their function and regulations have been continuously made in the context of immunometabolism. Therefore, this review attempts to summarize the traditionally and newly identified functions of these transcription factors, including their roles in orchestrating the key events that take place during glycolytic reprogramming in activated myeloid cells, as well as their roles in mediating Mφ inflammatory responses in various bacterial infection models.
Diversity analyses of bacterial symbionts in four Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitic wasps, the dominant biological control agents of wood-boring beetles in China
Authors: Kang Kui , Wang Lina , Gong Jun , Tang Yanlong , Wei Ke
Published: July 2024

Objective

Sclerodermus wasps are important biocontrol agents of a class of wood borers. Bacterial symbionts influence the ecology and biology of their hosts in a variety of ways, including the formation of life-long beneficial or detrimental parasitic infections. However, only a few studies have explored the species and content of the symbionts in the Sclerodermus species.

Methods

Here, a high-throughput sequencing study of the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a high level of microbial variety in four Sclerodermus waps, and their diversities and functions were also predicted

Results

The three most prevalent phyla of microorganisms in the sample were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Proteus. The KEEG pathways prediction results indicated that the three pathways with the highest relative abundances in the S. sichuanensis species were translation, membrane transport, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways differed from those observed in S. guani, S. pupariae, and S. alternatusi, which exhibited carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and amino acid metabolism, respectively. Bacteroides were found to be abundant in several species, whereas Wolbachia was the most abundant among S. sichuanensis, with a significant negative correlation between temperature and carriage rate.

Conclusions

These results offer insights into the microbial communities associated with the bethylid wasps, which is crucial for understanding how to increase the reproductive capacity of wasps, enhance their parasitic effects, and lower cost in biocontrol.
“I feel like I don't matter because of my status as a person”— A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study of emergency department care experiences among equity-deserving groups in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Walker Melanie , MacKenzie Meredith , Douglas Stuart L. , Collier Amanda , Pritchard Jodie , Hoffe Sharleen , Norman Patrick A. , Purkey Eva , Messenger David , Bartels Susan A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Equity-deserving groups (EDGs) have increased emergency department (ED) use, and often report negative ED care. Past studies have largely been qualitative and suffer from methodological bias and lack of comparison groups, thereby limiting their identification of interventions to ensure equitable care among equity-deserving populations. This study sought to better understand ED care experiences among EDGs in our local setting.

Materials and methods

We conducted a community-engaged, mixed-methods cross-sectional study using sensemaking methodology at the Kingston Health Sciences Centre's ED and Urgent Care Centre (Ontario, Canada), as well as at community partner organizations. From June-August 2021, eligible participants were invited to complete a survey about an ED care experience within the previous 24 months. Multiple-choice questions collected demographic/ED visit information including self-identification with up to three EDGs (Indigenous; having a disability; experiencing mental health concerns; persons who use substances (PWUS); 2SLGBTQ+; people who experience homelessness (PWEH); a visible minority; or having experienced violence). We evaluated differences in overall ED care experiences by EDG self-identification using chi-squared tests. Quantitative analysis of survey questions disaggregated by EDG status, and a thematic analysis of participant experiences are presented.

Results

Overall, 1,973 unique participants completed the survey (949 controls and 994 EDGs) sharing 2,114 ED care experiences in total. Participants who identified as PWUS, having mental health concerns, 2SLGBTQ+, PWEH, or having a disability, reported more negative overall experiences (p < 0.001). Compared with controls, each of the eight EDGs were statistically more likely to report feelings of judgement/disrespect, that there was too little attention paid to their needs (p < 0.001), and that it was more important to be treated with kindness/respect than to receive the best possible care (p < 0.001). Thematic analysis supported quantitative findings and identified four themes: stigma/judgement, poor staff communication, lack of compassionate care, and patients feeling unsupported.

Discussion

Negative ED care experiences were pervasive among EDGs including feelings of judgement/stigma and a perception that a better understanding of personal situation/identity/culture was needed to improve care. Qualitative findings identified the following future interventions: universal trauma-informed care, improved care for addiction/substance use, and improved access to mental health care resources.
Future spatial and temporal variation of blue and green water in the Jing River Basin of central China under changing climatic conditions
Authors: Zhan Yangying , Li Chunyi , Tang Jun , Ning Yu , Fan Guiying , Deng Liting , Ma Hua
Published: July 2024

The blue and green water resource distribution of the Jing River Basin, a cradle of Chinese civilization on the Loess Plateau, was studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (vers. 2). Understanding these resources aids in the ecological preservation of the Yellow River Basin and its high-quality development. Future climate conditions were simulated using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). The data came from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) projections (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in the Canadian Earth System Model (vers. 5), covering the 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s (based on 2015–2045, 2046–2075, and 2076–2100 climate projections, respectively). The SDSM accurately simulated temperature and precipitation trends, with its temperature predictions being more accurate. The results show that the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation tend to increase under the three future climate scenarios, and the amount of blue and green water continues to increase in the future, with the SSP5-8.5 scenario showing the highest amount of blue and green water, and the SSP1-2.6 scenario showing the lowest amount of blue and green water, in terms of the climate scenarios. In terms of temporal distribution, 2090s has the most abundant blue and green water and 2030s has the least blue and green water content. Forecasting blue and green water changes due to climate change is vital for regional water management and risk assessment.
Soil amendment mitigates mortality from drought and heat waves in dryland tree juveniles
Authors: Field Jason P. , Law Darin J. , Myers Orrin B. , Barnes Mallory L. , Breshears David D. , Acuña Kierstin M. , Feng Xiao , Fontaine Joseph B. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Villegas Juan Camilo
Published: July 2024

Mortality of tree species around the globe is increasingly driven by hotter drought and heat waves. Tree juveniles are at risk, as well as adults, and this will have a negative effect on forest dynamics and structure under climate change. Novel management options are urgently needed to reduce this mortality and positively affect forest dynamics and structure. Potential drought-ameliorating soil amendments such as nanochitosan – a biopolymer upcycled from byproducts of the seafood industry – may provide an additional set of useful tools for reducing juvenile mortality during hotter droughts. Nanochitosan promotes water and nutrient absorption in plants but has not been tested in the context of drought and heat stress. We evaluated factors affecting mortality risk and rate for dryland Pinus edulis juveniles (2–3 years old) in a growth chamber using a factorial experiment that included ambient and +4°C warmer base temperatures, with and without a 10 day +8°C heat wave, and with and without a nanochitosan soil amendment. The nanochitosan treatment reduced the relative risk of mortality, emphasizing a protective function of this soil amendment, reducing the relative risk of mortality by 37%. Importantly, the protective effects of nanochitosan soil amendment in delaying tree mortality under hotter drought and heat waves provides a new, potentially positive management treatment for tree juveniles trying to survive in the climate of the Anthropocene.
Causal associations and potential mechanisms between inflammatory skin diseases and IgA nephropathy: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cao Wenlong , Xiong Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

There is growing evidence of an association between inflammatory skin diseases and chronic kidney disease, but the association between inflammatory skin diseases and IgA nephropathy has rarely been studied. Thus, bi-directional Mendelian randomization was employed to explore the causality between inflammatory skin diseases (including atopic dermatitis, acne and psoriasis) and IgA nephropathy.

Methods

The selection of instrumental variables for inflammatory skin diseases and IgA nephropathy were based on genome-wide association studies. Following the heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, the bidirectional causality was evaluated by inverse variance weighted along with four other approaches. Three atopic dermatitis-related datasets were obtained from the GEO database and then combined. In the combined dataset, the expression of galactose-deficient IgA1-associated genes (including GALNT2, GALNT12, C1GALT1, C1GALT1C1 and ST6GALNAC2) were compared between atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls.

Results

Atopic dermatitis was associated with an increased risk of IgA nephropathy (OR = 1.054, 95% CI = 1.014–1.095, p = 0.007). However, acne and psoriasis showed no significant causal relationship with IgA nephropathy (OR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.948–1.031, p = 0.583; OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.966–1.028, p = 0.821). In the combined microarray dataset, the expression levels of GALNT12 and C1GALT1C1 in atopic dermatitis patients were significantly lower compared with controls (p = 2.3e−9; p = 0.00067), which may contribute to an increase in aberrant IgA1 synthesis.

Conclusion

Among inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis was found to increase the risk of IgA nephropathy, which may result from the decrease of GALNT12 and C1GALT1C1 expression and the increase of aberrant IgA1 production. Therefore, active management of atopic dermatitis may help prevent the occurrence and progression of IgA nephropathy.
Intelligent electromagnetic navigation system for robot-assisted intraoral osteotomy in mandibular tumor resection: a model experiment
Authors: Zhao Zhijie , Zhang Yichi , Lin Li , Huang Wenyi , Xiao Can , Liu Jiannan , Chai Gang
Published: July 2024

Background

Mandibular tumor surgery necessitates precise osteotomies based on tumor boundaries; however, conventional osteotomies often lack accuracy in predicting osteotomy positions and planes, potentially leading to excessive resection of normal bone tissues or residual tumors, thus compromising postoperative quality of life and clinical outcomes. Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) augmented with artificial intelligence (AI) offers precise localization capabilities, aiding surgeons in achieving accurate osteotomy positioning. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a robotic magnetic navigation system for positioning and osteotomy in an intraoral surgical trial of a mandibular tumor model.

Methods

Patient computed tomography (CT) imaging data of mandibular chin and body tumors were utilized to create 3D printed models, serving as study subjects for mandibular tumor resection. Ten pairs of models were printed for the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (EG) underwent osteotomy using a robot-assisted surgical navigation system, performing osteotomy under robotic navigation following alignment based on preoperative design. The control group (CG) underwent traditional surgery, estimating osteotomy position empirically according to preoperative design. Postoperative CT scans were conducted on both models, and actual postoperative results were compared to preoperative design. Osteotomy accuracy was evaluated by positional and angular errors between preoperatively designed and actual osteotomy planes.

Results

For ten randomly selected spots on the left and right sides, respectively, the EG group had mean distance errors of 0.338 mm and 0.941 mm. These values were obtained from the EG group. In the EG group, on the left side, the mean angular errors were 14.741 degrees, while on the right side, they were 13.021 degrees. For the 10 randomly selected spots on the left and right sides, respectively, the CG had mean distance errors of 1.776 mm and 2.320 mm. This is in contrast to the results obtained by the EG. It was determined that the left side had a mean angle error of 16.841 degrees, while the right side had an error of 18.416 degrees in the CG group. The above results indicated significantly lower point errors of bilateral osteotomy planes in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the feasibility of electromagnetic navigation robot-assisted intraoral osteotomy for mandibular tumors and suggests that this approach can enhance the precision of clinical surgery.
No clear benefit of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for non-native speech sound learning
Authors: Honda Claire T. , Bhutani Neha , Clayards Meghan , Baum Shari
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Learning to understand and speak a new language can be challenging and discouraging for adults. One potential tool for improving learning is transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which modulates perception, memory, and attention systems. It has recently been reported that taVNS can improve English speakers' ability to perceive unfamiliar Mandarin tones. The current project explored the potential benefits of taVNS for language learning beyond tone perception.

Methods

We studied adults' ability to perceive and produce unfamiliar speech sounds as well as any potential change in language learning motivation from pre- to post-training. Forty-five native English speakers were divided into three groups and were trained to perceive German sounds: one group received stimulation during easier-to-learn sounds (vowels), one group received stimulation during harder-to-learn sounds (fricatives), and a control group received no stimulation.

Results and discussion

We did not find evidence that taVNS improved perception or production of the German sounds, but there was evidence that it did improve some aspects of motivation. Specifically, the group that received taVNS during easier sounds showed a significant decrease in feelings of tension/pressure about language learning, while the other groups did not. Overall, the present study does not find that taVNS holds benefits for the acquisition of new speech sounds; however, the field is nascent, and so the potential applications of taVNS for language learning remain to be clarified.
Optimizing the synergistic effect of organic and inorganic fillers on fire-retardant and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/flax bio-composites
Authors: Faraz Muhammad Iftikhar
Published: July 2024

Vinyl ester/flax (VE/flax) bio-composites were made after incorporating hybrid concentrations (0, 3, and 6% by weight (wt)) of halloysite nanotubes (HNT), magnesium hydroxide (MHO) and chitosan infused ammonium polyphosphate (CAP) particles. The purpose of incorporation of these particles was to improve the fire-retardant (FR) properties of the VE/flax composite; however, its effect on mechanical properties was also evaluated. To reduce the number of experiments (from 27 to 9), Taguchi design of experiment was employed during composite fabrication phase. Initially, the burning time and burning rate of all the composites were calculated using a horizontal burning test while tensile properties were determined using a tensile test. To predict an optimum composition, a signal to noise (S/N) ratio analysis of the burning time and tensile strength was conducted as “larger is better” criteria. The combination of 6% MGO and 3% CAP was predicted to be an optimum hybrid filler for enhanced fire retardancy, while VE/flax composite with no filler proved to have the highest tensile strength. HNT was found to be the least effective filler for both tensile and fire-retardant properties. The predicted composition was then fabricated and validated through experimental characterizations. The fire-retardant properties of the optimized composite were additionally assessed using a limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and thermal stability was evaluated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The burning time of the optimized composite was found to be delayed by 46.5% of that of VE/flax composite, while its thermal degradation was 11.23% lower than VE/flax composite.
Analysis of the thickness of layered armor to provide protection against 7.62 mm ball projectiles using experimental and numerical methods
Authors: Morghode Divyanshu S. , Thakur D. G. , Salunkhe Sachin , Cepova Lenka , Abouel Nasr Emad
Published: July 2024

The layered configuration of different material plates is one of the ways of achieving protection against different kinds of kinetic energy ammunitions. The thickness of each plate is one of the most important influencing parameters to prevent the penetration of the projectile. In the present study, a layered configuration of the Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 is analysed, to prevent the perforation of 7.62 mm Lead core projectile, under normal impact conditions, by using LS-DYNA numerical simulations. Experiments were conducted on Al 7075-T651 plate and Numerical model was validated with experiment results. To achieve the objective, the validated numerical model was used to investigate influence on various Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 combinations. Three factors led to the selection of Al 7075-T561 and Al2O3 as the target materials. First, the literature review revealed that these materials have already been employed in the construction of armour. Second, Al2O3 is a brittle material whereas Al 7075-T651 is ductile. Consequently, when combined in a layered arrangement, these materials offer the ideal destroyer-absorber arrangement. Thirdly, these materials have lower densities than steel. As a result, these materials offer a lightweight alternative for lead core 7.62 mm bullet defense. From the analysis, it is observed that two layered configurations were found to be effective in the prevention of bullet perforation: a front plate of Al2O3 that was 10 mm thick and had a rear plate of Al 7075-T651 that was 06 mm thick, and a front plate of Al2O3 that was 04 mm thick and had a 12 mm thick layer of Al 7075-T651.
Partial rupture of the left main bronchus with left lung atelectasis due to blunt chest injury: a case report
Authors: Bi Taiyu , Duan Xiaotian
Published: July 2024

Background

Bronchial injury is rare in blunt chest trauma, but can be life-threatening. The symptoms of patients with complete bronchial rupture are typical, and most of them are diagnosed in a timely manner and treated with surgery. However, for those with partial rupture of the bronchus, the symptoms are mild, the imaging results are negative, the possibility of delayed diagnosis is high, and serious complications can occur. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to treating this disease.

Case description

We report a 52-year-old woman with mild mediastinal emphysema after blunt chest trauma. Left whole-lung atelectasis appeared after a period of conservative treatment. Bronchoscopy revealed injury of the left main bronchus, and surgery was performed. The patient’s lungs recovered well after surgery. CT (Computed tomography) examination during follow-up revealed that the structure of the left main bronchus was intact and unobstructed. The left lung was well recovered.

Conclusion

For patients with mild symptoms of blunt chest trauma, mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema; no pleural effusion or pneumothorax; and a negative chest CT, laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy should be performed in a timely manner to ensure the stability of the respiratory and circulatory system and confirm whether there is tracheobronchial injury. Surgical treatment should be performed in a timely manner after localization and diagnosis.