bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of oral megestrol acetate administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Houser Dorian S. , Champagne Cory D. , Jensen Eric D. , Smith Cynthia R. , Cotte Lara S. , Meegan Jenny M. , Booth Rebecca K. , Wasser Samuel K.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of oral megestrol acetate (MA) administration on adrenal function in male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

DESIGN Serial cross-sectional study.

ANIMALS 8 adult male dolphins, all of which were receiving MA at various daily doses (range, 0 to 60 mg, PO) for the control of reproductive behavior.

PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected every 2 weeks for 1 year from dolphins trained to voluntarily provide them. Cortisol, ACTH, and other hormone concentrations were measured in serum or plasma via radioimmunoassay or ELISA. Fecal samples, also provided by dolphins voluntarily, were assayed for glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations. Effects of daily MA dose on hormone concentrations were evaluated.

RESULTS Daily MA doses as low as 10 mg strongly suppressed cortisol secretion in nearly all dolphins, and except for a single measurement, no dolphin had measurable serum concentrations at doses ≥ 20 mg. Variations in serum cortisol concentration were unrelated to season but were directly related to ACTH concentrations, suggesting primary effects upstream of the adrenal gland. Cessation of MA administration resulted in almost immediate restoration of measurable serum cortisol concentrations, although concentrations continued to rise in a few dolphins over the following weeks to months.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Caution should be exercised when administering MA to control reproductive behavior in male dolphins. Because the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis appeared to be sensitive to even small doses of MA in dolphins, duration of treatment may be the most critical consideration.
Ocorrência de enteroparasitas em chupetas de crianças em comunidade carente de Vitória de Santo Antão – PE
Authors: Barros Brunno Maxwell Lorena , Souza Larissa Isabela Oliveira , Silva Luís Cláudio Nascimento da
Published: July 2017

Crianças em idade escolar é o grupo alvo das enteroparasitoses por apresentarem, normalmente, hábitos higiênicos mais precários e/ou ausência de imunidade à re-infecções. O presente trabalho objetivou aferir a frequência de ovos e cistos de enteroparasitas em chupetas de crianças de uma comunidade carente do município de Vitória de Santo Antão - PE e correlacioná-la com os fatores socioeconômicos e higiênicos envolvidos. Foram coletadas 47 chupetas de 42 crianças de ambos os sexos, e aplicados 33 questionários aos seus responsáveis. As chupetas foram coletadas e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (Recife, PE); onde as chupetas foram lavadas com solução detergente, e em seguida foi realizada a escovação e enxague das mesmas. O líquido resultante foi submetido à centrifugação a 5000 rpm. Após 5 minutos o sobrenadante foi desprezado e o sedimento examinado, em duplicata. Das 47 chupetas analisadas 17,02% estavam parasitadas, sendo os cistos de Entamoeba hystolitica (37,5%) e ovos de Ancylostoma sp. (25%) os parasitas mais frequentes. Cistos de Entamoeba coli e Giardia lamblia, e ovos de Enterobius vermiculares estiveram presentes em 12,5% das chupetas. 62,5% das chupetas parasitadas eram de crianças do sexo masculino. Foi observado correlação do parasitismo das chupetas com fatores higiênico-sanitário da população, reafirmando que é necessária á implantação de trabalho educativo higiênico-sanitário contínuo para conscientização da população. Palavras-chave: Enteroparasitoses, Crianças, Chupetas.
Vírus Linfotrópico de células T Humana (HTLV): doenças associadas e dificuldades no diagnóstico e tratamento.
Authors: Pereira Wellison Amorim , Mesquita Ericka Miranda
Published: July 2017

Os vírus linfotrópicos de célula T humana (HTLV tipo I e tipo II) são retrovírus morfologicamente parecidos que estão associados a quadros clínicos e doenças diferentes. O HTLV não tem cura, é assintomático, seu diagnóstico dificilmente é feito antes do aparecimento das doenças a que o vírus está associado, e estas normalmente levam à incapacitação física do indivíduo, depressão e morte. O Brasil possui o maior número de infectados, mas não dispõe de programas efetivos de contenção da transmissão do vírus. Poucos estudos profundos envolvendo o tema são feitos, e este fato colabora para o ineficiente retardamento do avanço das degenerações HTLV associadas. As manifestações clínicas só pioram com o tempo, e o indivíduo se vê perdendo suas funções físicas, enfrentando uma doença desconhecida e tomando remédios que, no máximo, retardarão sua morte. A falta de informação, até por parte dos profissionais da área da saúde, dificulta sua terapêutica. O presente estudo foi feito com base na análise e extração de informações coletados a partir de periódicos científicos atuais.  Foram atualizadas as informações acerca da patogenia, precariedade do diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças associadas ao HTLV no Brasil e dados epidemiológicos que comprovam a endemicidade do vírus no país.Palavras-chaves: HTLV. Infecções por HTLV-I. Epidemiologia do HTLV. HTLV no Brasil.
Modeling of deformation phenomena in volume label during its operation
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing,Faculty of Publishing, Printing and Information Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine, Sheludko Svitlana , Ogirko Olga ,   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: July 2017

BIt was considered in the article the research of physical and mechanical properties of materials based on PVC film ORACAL and RITRAMA that used in the production of volume labels. In particular, it was shown the changes of dependences between linear deformation of printed and unprinted films and the value of stress with regard to their minimum and maximum values. It was also established that deformation properties of the films are different in the transverse and longitudinal directions, which should be considered when producing labels. It was conducted the modeling of stress-strain state of volume label when gluing it to the surfaces of various shapes. We considered the boundary conditions for displacement and stress of labels layer components with regard to the chemical structure of epoxy resins and their physical and mechanical characteristics.
Arqueofauna do Aterro Limoeiro, Pantanal, Brasil
Authors: Peixoto José Luís dos Santos , Garcia da Silva Manoel Alexandre
Published: July 2017

O Aterro do Limoeiro está localizado na planície de inundação do Pantanal, dentro de um sistema de canais fluviais articulados com lagoas e com o rio Paraguai. Os seus habitantes pertencem aos grupos ceramistas pré-coloniais, que permaneceram no local entre 1.290 ± 100 anos A.P. a 2.640±100 anos A.P. e sua presença produziu vestígios de material cerâmico, lítico, remanescentes faunísticos, sepultamentos, instrumentos e adornos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem o propósito de identificar o uso da fauna, pelos habitantes do aterro, a partir da identificação anatômica e taxonômica dos remanescentes de invertebrados e de vertebrados. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar os animais com seus aspectos ecológicos e sua provável utilização para a alimentação e como fonte de matéria-prima na fabricação de instrumentos e de adornos.
escrita da História do Brasil através dos vasilhames cerâmicos das populações subalternas
Authors: Deminicis Rafael Borges
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo pretende revisitar um tema talvez não suficientemente explorado pela Arqueologia Brasileira: a possibilidade de atualização da análise e classificação da cultura material que se convencionou denominar como “Cerâmica Neobrasileira”. Ao longo das duas últimas décadas, arqueólogos e arqueólogas com novas perspectivas tentaram criar modelos de análise que dessem conta da formulação de modelos de classificação regionais. Contudo, cabe fazer um balanço sobre os conceitos utilizados pela Arqueologia Brasileira até a atualidade, em equiparação com aqueles utilizados por outros campos de conhecimento, e, por fim, compreender o papel da Arqueologia na produção de um discurso integrado no que tange os estudos sobre a história das populações subalternas do país.
Arqueologia Histórica Amazônida
Authors: Costa Diogo Menezes
Published: July 2017

A Arqueologia na Amazônia vem de uma longa tradição com mais de 150 anos de investigações, porém seu maior foco de estudo na região é a pré-história. Por outro lado, pesquisas pioneiras realizadas em sítios arqueológicos do período histórico da área são orientadas por preceitos cronológicos e tecnológicos, sendo sua maioria em sítios religiosos e militares. Dessa forma, o texto pretende apresentar uma perspectiva antropológica sobre os sítios históricos amazônicos, não somente como outra abordagem de pesquisa, mas também como uma necessidade frente ao enorme patrimônio arqueológico-histórico ainda encoberto na Amazônia.
Editorial
Authors: Zarankin Andres , Pellini José Roberto , Soares Fernanda Codevilla
Published: July 2017

Este número é especial para nós, pois inaugura um novo conceito “tecnológico, administrativo e acadêmico” que nos permite continuar avançando para atingir a excelência da Revista de Arqueologia da SAB. Dando continuidade a um esforço iniciado na comissão editorial anterior, reorganizamos a parte administrativa da revista (concentrando ações da administração do website, formatação e diagramação dos artigos em um único profissional) e contratamos um revisor de português (que tem nos auxiliado a garantir a qualidade dos trabalhos aprovados, atendendo às normas da língua escrita). Além disso, buscamos dar continuidade à construção de um processo de avaliação cada vez mais horizontal e transparente, priorizando a qualidade e a originalidade dos artigos enviados.
Competencia mediática en Colombia: marcos de referencia para un diagnóstico / Media competence in Colombia: reference frameworks for a diagnosis
Authors: Manrique-Grisales Jorge , Sandoval Romero Yamile , Arenas Fernández Arturo
Published: July 2017

La complejidad en los usos y relaciones de los humanos con la tecnología, revela hoy nuevas habilidades y comportamientos tanto en el consumo como en la producción de contenidos en un mundo altamente interconectado. De aquí surge la necesidad de entender la Competencia Mediática en la educación como el espacio que trasciende el uso instrumental de la tecnología insertándose en el consumo crítico de información y la posibilidad de producir contenidos con responsabilidad y sentido ciudadano. Para estudiar la Competencia Mediática es importante conocer su evolución desde el concepto chomskiano de competencia hasta llegar al campo de la Comunicación/Educación donde adquiere dimensiones, ámbitos e indicadores que hacen posible su medición en distintos grupos poblacionales. Investigadores de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali y la Universidad de Huelva, desarrollaron una discusión conceptual y metodológica acerca de cómo ponderar la Competencia Mediática en jóvenes de 14 a 17años pertenecientes a instituciones educativas públicas de los municipios de Cali, Roldanillo, Jamundí, Candelaria y Buenaventura, pertenecientes al departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. De este ejercicio investigativo quedan aproximaciones conceptuales y algunas propuestas metodológicas para la medición de la Competencia Mediática que se esbozan en este artículo a manera de marco para un diagnóstico de la misma en el campo educativo.
La cifra es el mensaje: recursividad y efectos de las métricas web en el comportamiento de los usuarios / Cipher is the message: usefulness and effects of web metrics on user behavior
Authors: González Julián , Gómez Rocío
Published: July 2017

Este artículo sugiere que las cifras -de tráfico, uso y navegación- constituyen uno de los contenidos fundamentales y promocionales de la propia web como sistema. Las cifras y métricas de la web tienen importantes efectos sobre el comportamiento de las personas y usuarios. Este estudio delinea una propuesta para analizar y clasificar comportamientos y reacciones ante la comunicación y visualización de métricas y medidas de la web, y es uno de los resultados de un amplio programa de investigación en curso denominado Observatorio de Fenómenos Emergentes de Información -OFEI. El modelo será probado empíricamente en futuros estudios.
La experiencia pedagógica con la radiofonía experimental en la Escuela de Comunicación Social de la Universidad del Valle (Colombia) / The pedagogical experience of the experimental radio in the Escuela de Comunicación Social at Universidad del Valle
Authors: Caicedo Jorge
Published: July 2017

Este artículo, que se inscribe en el marco del proyecto de creación-investigación Univérsono-Laboratorio de experimentación sonora, presenta un panorama histórico sobre la práctica docente y la producción académica en torno a la radiofonía experimental desarrollada en el Taller de Radio de la Escuela de Comunicación de la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Partiendo de consideraciones conceptuales sobre la relación entre la radio y el arte, y la posterior configuración de conceptos como el radio-arte y arte acústico, el texto presenta una mirada histórica a las formas cómo desde la docencia y la extensión, se ha ido configurando un escenario constante de experimentación sonora que busca ser coherente con el proyecto pedagógico del programa académico, actuando en consonancia con la formación para la investigación, la producción periodística, la creación de ficción y el compañamiento a procesos de educación y movilización social desde la radio; un ejercicio docente reflejado en estrategias pedagógicas, diseños programáticos, procesos de producción, desarrollo de trabajos de grado, conformación de colectivos y apertura de espacios físicos y prácticos para la creación de piezas y montajes performáticos y para la apertura de escenarios de reflexión desde y en torno a la radiofonía experimental.
Entre ruidos y sonoridades: hacia una etnografía de paisajes sonoros en la ciudad de Quibdó-Chocó (Colombia) / Between noises and sonorities: towards an ethnography of soundscapes in the city of Quibdó-Chocó (Colombia)
Authors: Velásquez Cuartas Marcela
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo construir trazos de una etnografía sonora desarrollada en un barrio de la ciudad de Quibdó (Colombia) durante los meses de enero y febrero de 2013. Dicha construcción pretende ser una descripción y análisis sobre las diversas formas en que se construyen paisajes sonoros en un lugar que a su vez, desenvuelve formas de interacción social. Lo sonoro como protagonista de este escrito, participa activamente en las formas de hablar, de saludar y de sentir la vida social de la ciudad, y en particular del barrio donde residí. Parto de la idea que la música (o en este caso lo sonoro) como proceso de comunicación social, me permite identificar agencias, prácticas y cosmovisiones dentro de los barrios. Lo anterior, lo abordaré desde los insumos que nos ofrece la antropología de la música en diálogo con lo que se produce y se vive en las expresiones sonoras de habitantes de este barrio.
Strategi Epidemiologi Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer
Authors: Lapau Buchari
Published: July 2017

Di Indonesia masalah kesehatan termasuk penyakit menular dan penyakit tak menular masih cukup tinggi, yang perlu diatasi dengan pelayanan kesehatan primer yang bermutu, efektif dan efisien. Strategi epidemiologi merupakan lintasan untuk mencapai 3 tujuan epidemiologi.  Tujuan makalah ini untuk menunjukkan inovasi bagaimana strategi epidemiologi dapat bermanfaat dalam pelayanan kesehatan primer.  Metode: digunakan non-systematic review dan content analysis kepustakaan tentang upaya kesehatan, MDGs (Millineum Development Goals), epidemiologi, pengambilan keputusan berdasar bukti, desentralisasi pelayanan kesehatan, pendidikan tinggi kesehatan masyarakat dan pembiayaan kesehatan. Hasil: Inovasi adalah aplikasi dari ide dan gagasan yang dihasilkan oleh kreativitas yang merupakan suatu proses mental dan proses berpikir. Suatu inovasi menghasilkan jasa-jasa atau cara kerja yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasar Bukti (PKBB) merupakan suatu ide, hasil kreativitas dari para ahli berbagai ilmu antara lain Epidemiologi, dengan mana dilakukan analisa data dan informasi. Kegiatan seperti ini tidak sempurna dan sulit dilaksanakan bila hanya dilakukan di tingkat pusat dan tingkat provinsi; karena itu di tingkat kabupaten/kota perlu ada inovasi dengan membentuk Tim Epidemiologi Manajemen Kabupaten (TEMK) dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu manajemen dan mengintensifkan pelayanan kesehatan primer. Namun inovasi ini mengalami hambatan sehubungan dengan kebijakan pemerintah dalam pelayanan kesehatan primer, pendidikan tinggi kesehatan masyarakat, desentralisasi pelayanan kesehatan dan pembiayaan pelayanan kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Perlu dibuat rencana strategis pelayanan kesehatan primer bukan hanya MDGs tetapi secara menyeluruh, evaluasi pendidikan tinggi kesehatan masyarakat, meninjau kembali undang-undang dan peraturan dalam rangka desentralisasi, sedangkan pemerintah eksekutif dan legislatif memberikan perhatian dan komitmen terhadap perkembangan praktek kesehatan masyarakat.
Análisis Estructural de Fallas Geológicas y Potenciales Deslizamientos en Anconcito, Provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Chunga Kervin
Published: July 2017

El sector costero de Anconcito, localizado al suroeste de la provincia de Santa Elena, es afectado por fenómenos geológicosinducidos por la dinámica costera de la zona de estudio: (1) socavamiento de los acantilados causado por la dinámica de la erosión marina y posterior derrumbe de estratos rocosos, y (2) deslizamientos de estratos rocosos a través de planos lístricosde fallas geológicas de tipo normal con componentes de desplazamientos laterales dextrales. El análisis estructural permitió definir el ambiente tectónico dominante con movimientos transtensivos asociados a esfuerzos de tracción.  Deslizamientos y desprendimientos de estratos rocosos acontecieron el 12 de Agosto de 2010 y el 7 de Abril de 2011, afectando directamente el sitio urbano “2 de febrero” y destruyendo redes eléctricas, camino vecinal y viviendas.  Análisis de morfometría del terreno permitió estimar 306.305 m3de material de terreno que puede deslizarse a través de 3 planos lístricos de fallas de tipo normal con efecto local de daño en un área de 14.585 m2. Los factores que pueden incrementar la tasa de velocidad de deslizamiento de masas de tierra pueden ser: (1) altasprecipitaciones durante el fenómeno del Niño, y (2) la recurrencia de terremotos locales con magnitud moderada Mw≈5 o el arribo de amplificaciones de ondas sísmicas desde terremotos lejanos con magnitudes mayores de Mw>7. En conclusión, el sector de Anconcito debe ser motivo de análisis en detalle que permita establecer técnicas adecuadas para la recuperación de zona de playa y construcción de espigones que permitirán disminuir la alta energía de las ondas marinas.
Evolución del acceso a la información pública en el continente europeo
Authors: Clery Arturo , Santa María Guillermo , Molina Lilian
Published: July 2017

El acceso a la información pública de los ciudadanos y residentes de la Unión Europea ha logrado en este continente un desarrollo sumamente importante en relación a otros bloques comunitarios (como la Comunidad Andina o el Mercosur) y en relación con muchos países en el mundo, desarrollando una legislación que ha evolucionado en los últimos años a pasos agigantados. La integración europea comenzó con un objetivo principalmente económico, el cual se ha superado largamente, permitiendo obtener consensos y decisiones mucho más ambiciosos. En este escenario el acceso a la información pública comenzó a ser reconocido expresamente en la década de los noventa, hasta alcanzar una notoriedad supranacional y ser incluso uno de los principios orientadores de la actividad comunitaria.
El lenguaje figurativo de antes y de ahora en la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Tomalá Mónica , Vera Otto , León Carlos , Reyes Mariela
Published: July 2017

Se decía antes que quien no sabía escribir correctamente, andaba por malos pasos o por malos caminos. Ahora, lamentablemente, no se toma en cuenta o no se da la importancia que requiere la caligrafía, la cual de alguna manera, ha sido reemplazada por la tecnología, en su caso por la computadora, ya que todo trabajo escrito por lo general es impreso. Y si se trata de normas de escritura, el computador hace su trabajo, le auxilia a la persona que escribe colocándole automáticamente, los respectivos signos de puntuación, de entonación y de ser posible hasta  los auxiliares, por otro lado, le corrige sin pedírselo, la estructura de cada palabra.

 

Abstract

It was said before who could not write properly, walked by missteps or poor roads. Now, unfortunately, is not taken into account or importance requiring calligraphy is given, which somehow has been replaced by technology, whereappropriate, by the computer, since all written work usually is printed . And if it comes to writing standards, the computer does its job, he helps the person who writes placing automatically the respective punctuation, intonation and possibly to the auxiliary, on the other hand, corrects him without asking, the structure of each word.
Evaluación estructural y rehabilitación sísmica del Hotel Samarina de propiedad de la Universidad Península de Santa Elena, para la creación de un modelo disipador de energía.
Authors: Saltos Armando , Ramírez Richard , Lindao Pablo , Garces Juan
Published: July 2017

El Hotel Samarina está ubicado frente al mar, en la cota +12 m s.n.m., en el cantón La Libertad, Provincia de Santa Elena. Fue construido al final de la década de los 50. El hotel Samarina terminado en un 70%, se compone de planta baja y tres pisos altos y estructuras de hormigón armado. La superficie total del mencionado hotel es de 2638 m2. Actualmente, se conoce que en el Ecuador y principalmente en la Provincia de Santa Elena, presenta una alta sismicidad por estar ubicada cercana a la zona de subducción de la placa de nazca y la placa sudamericana. A través de una evaluación y diagnóstico estructural, conforme a las normas ecuatorianas NEC 2011 o códigos uniformes de edificación UBC 97 la actual edificación no cumple el diseño sismoresistente, y de acuerdo al conocimiento actual se elaboró un diseño moderno donde se mejoró su nivel de desempeño o comportamiento sismo resistente ante la acción de un sismo moderado, y con la aplicación de un software libre denominado ETAB's se implementó un modelo con sistema de reforzamiento, compuesto de disipadores de energía colocados en las caras laterales y reforzamiento de columnas en los cuatro niveles que componen el edificio. ABSTRACTThe Samarina Hotel is located close to the sea, at 12 m s.n.m., at La Libertad, Province of Santa Elena. It was constructed at the end of the decade of the 50. The hotel has a ground floor and three high floors and it has reinforced concrete structures with surface of 26382. In the Ecuador and principally at Province of Santa Elena, has a high seismicity conditions because of it are located near to the zone of subduction of the Nazca South plates. An evaluation and structural diagnosis was performed, according to NEC 2011 proceeding, and also with the uniform codes of building UBC97. It is important to indicate that the actual building does not fulfill the design seismic resistant requirements. To improve the level resistant earthquake was performed. A system of reinforcement, spendthrifts' compound of energy placed in the lateral faces and columns reinforcement in four levels that compose the building was implemented with the software free ETAB's.
La ingeniería de requisitos una base fundamental para el desarrollo de proyectos de TI en la web.
Authors: Mejía Edwin , Orozco Walter
Published: July 2017

Los sistemas informáticos basados en la web han ido creciendo a pasos muy grandes. La web a través del tiempo se ha convertido en un lugar para localizar los documentos importantes de las instituciones, así como llevar a grandes volúmenes de información a nivel mercado bancario y educativo de la organización. Los sistemas basados en la web desde su creación envolvió toda esa sistematización para resolver problemas de negocios que tenían, pero sin utilizar ninguna metodologia para la construcción de los mismos. Por lo tanto, este artículo se presenta una breve introducción a las aplicaciones Web, metodologías de construcción de este tipo de aplicaciones, ingeniería de requerimientos en aplicaciones web, las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de datos y los graves problemas que han pasado varias aplicaciones web, centrándose en la ingeniería de requisitos como el eje primordial en el desarrollo de proyectos de software. Abstract Computer systems based on the web have grown to very large steps. The web over time has become a place to locate important documents of the institutions and lead to large volumes of information and education market banking organization level. The web-based systems since its inception wrapped all this systematization to solve business problems they had, but without using any methodology for building them. Therefore, this article is a brief introduction to the Web applications, methodologies to build such applications, requirements engineering web applications, the techniques used for data collection and the serious problems that have passed several web applications focusing on requirements engineering as the linchpin in the development of software projects.
Metallographic Examination of Fire Damages in Electronic Equipment
Authors: Reiter K. , Puls S.
Published: July 2017

Defects in electronic components and defects caused by electronic components are a frequent cause of fire damage. 35 % of examined cases of fire damage are found to be caused by electrical equipment or by the handling of electricity. Fire damage caused by electronic elements and in electronic assemblies may have a multitude of causes. Minor damages occurring during the manufacture of electronic components and assemblies can lead to operational disruptions in electronic devices and to life-threatening situations. In order to reconstruct a fire damage, a complex failure analysis and comprehensive knowledge of the principle of operation of the devices is required. Metallographic target preparation serves to detect and describe faults. Some damage patterns taken from practice are presented and analyzed here.
The Micro-Politics of Water Management in Early Modern England: Regulation and Representation in Commissions of Sewers
Authors: Morgan John Emrys
Published: July 2017

Early modern water management was as much a social and political endeavour as an environmental one. This paper explores this assertion by analysing the different forms of knowledge used by English Commissions of Sewers in the governance of flood defence and drainage in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Using examples drawn primarily from Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire, in south-west and eastern England respectively, this paper traces the rise and decline of popular influence over water management. Where Commissions of Sewers operated harmoniously, they were staffed by significant numbers of local people, who valued their right to participate in water management. With the involvement of large numbers of 'ordinary' people, Commissions of Sewers, and particularly the minutes of Courts of Sewers, became repositories of oral and customary knowledge about the functioning of local drainage networks and flood defence schemes. However, the paper argues that, over time, as customary knowledge that was divulged and negotiated orally became codified, and decisions about water management became founded on textual precedent, those who lacked access to textual resources lost influence over water management decision making.
The Effect of Foreign Fats on the Physical Properties of Anhydrous Milk Fat
Authors: Izsó Tekla , Somogyi László , Soós Anita , Zeke Ildikó
Published: July 2017

Butter and anhydrous milk fat are considered valuable raw materials, therefore it is important to detect the presence of foreign fats and declare their purity. In this study, the authors compared the physical properties of pure anhydrous milk fat and its contaminated forms which were binary blends made with lard and palm fat. Tests with pulsed NMR and DSC were carried out ignoring any solvents or chemicals to observe melting and crystallization processes. Based on the results, small amounts (5-10 V/V %) of lard or palm fat can modify milk fat’s behavior in perceptible extent. Despite of this, a completely unknown fat cannot be identified by these methods only. However, with multiple replications and using statistical methods pNMR and DSC can be utilized for quality control purposes.
Order Management System Proposal Using Inventory Balance Equation with Non-continuous Replenishment
Authors: Novotna Veronika , Sustrova Tereza
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present an inventory balance model including an order-up-to replenishment policy with partial backlogging. Pictured in the model is a situation, where goods are not replenished continuously, but only at predetermined intervals. The model is described by ordinary differential equations with delayed argument because of the assumption of a time lag between ordering and delivery.A computer simulation which helps to demonstrate and verify model behaviour is utilized for the numerical solution of the model. Sales data of a real company are used as the input data.Due to the comparison of the designed model outputs against the real state in the company, it was verified that it is possible to achieve a substantial reduction in warehousing costs without a disproportionate increase in the risk of inventory shortage. The authors note that modern methods of functional analysis can be successfully applied in solving an inventory balance model.
Average Vehicles Length in Two-lane Urban Roads: A Case Study in Budapest
Authors: Maghrour Zefreh Mohammad , Török Ádám , Mészáros Ferenc
Published: July 2017

The length of vehicles is one of the most important parameters in traffic flow modeling and traffic control in many aspects such as speed estimation using the outputs of single loop detectors, length based vehicle classification and density estimation. In the current study, the average length of vehicles in two-lane urban roads of Budapest, Hungary has been measured by the means of manual observation method. Having measured the average vehicles length, their relevant effective vehicles length is manually calibrated within the day that is applicable to the local operating agencies. The obtained results showed that the local operating agencies have to set different effective vehicles length during the day in order to avoid possible estimation errors. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the traffic stream in the investigation area was evident from the results.
Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra
Authors: Wolf Thomas , Holzmeier Fabian , Wagner Isabella , Berrah Nora , Bostedt Christoph , Bozek John , Bucksbaum Phil , Coffee Ryan , Cryan James , Farrell Joe , Feifel Raimund , Martinez Todd , McFarland Brian , Mucke Melanie , Nandi Saikat , Tarantelli Francesco , Fischer Ingo , Gühr Markus
Published: July 2017

Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymine′s neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.
Computer Color Matching and Levelness of PEG-Based Reverse Micellar Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) Solvent-Assisted Reactive Dyeing on Cotton Fiber
Authors: Tang Alan , Wang Yan , Lee Chang , Kan Chi-Wai
Published: July 2017

The color matching and levelness of cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dye, in a non-aqueous environmentally-friendly medium of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), was investigated using the non-ionic surfactant reverse-micellar approach comprised of poly(ethylene glycol)-based surfactant. The calibration dyeing databases for both conventional water-based dyeing and D5-assisted reverse micellar dyeing were established, along with the dyeing of standard samples with predetermined concentrations. Computer color matching (CCM) was conducted by using different color difference formulae for both dyeing methods. Experimental results reveal that the measured concentrations were nearly the same as the expected concentrations for both methods. This indicates that the D5-assisted non-ionic reverse micellar dyeing approach can achieve color matching as good as the conventional dyeing system. The levelness of the dyed samples was measured according to the relative unlevelness indices (RUI), and the results reveal that the samples dyed by the D5 reverse micellar dyeing system can achieve good to excellent levelness comparable to that of the conventional dyeing system.
Assessment of Groundwater Resources in the Context of Climate Change and Population Growth: Case of the Klela Basin in Southern Mali
Authors: Toure Adama , Diekkrüger Bernd , Mariko Adama , Cissé Abdoulaye
Published: July 2017

Groundwater in the Klela basin in Mali, a subbasin of the Bani basin (one of the main tributaries of the Niger River), is required for domestic use, irrigation and livestock. Furthermore, water supply of the city of Sikasso directly depends on the groundwater resources, which are under pressure caused by increased water demand as well as climate variability and climate change. As a consequence, freshwater availability is being threatened which can have a direct negative impact on irrigation agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate future behavior of groundwater resources in the context of climate change and population growth using socio-economic and population growth scenarios for water demand and the Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) data for calculating groundwater recharge using the Thornthwaite model. The WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning system) model was applied to balance water availability and demand and to compute changes in groundwater storage up to 2050. The overall results show that groundwater recharge as well as storage is decreasing over time, especially in the 2030s which can lead to severe agricultural droughts in this period. Recharge declined by approximatively 49% and stored groundwater by 24% over the study period.
External-Voltage-Free Dielectrophoresis of Liquid Crystal Droplets
Authors: Wu Sheng-Kuang , Mo Ting-Shan , Lin Jia-De , Huang Shuan-Yu , Yeh Hui-Chen , Chen Lin-Jer , Lee Chia-Rong
Published: July 2017

This work reports, for the first time, a dielectrophoresis (DEP) effect-induced motion of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in an LC/monomer mixture sample with a poly-(N-vinyl carbazole) PVK-coated substrate without an external voltage. With the UV pre-irradiation of the PVK layer through a binary mask, a laterally non-uniform electric field can be induced between the pre-illuminated regions and the neighboring non-pre-illuminated PVK regions near the borders of the two regions. The phase separation occurs once the temperature is lower than 50 °C and the LC droplets can form in the sample. The pre-formed non-uniform field provides a DEP-like force to manipulate the small LC microdroplets in the pre-illuminated regions to effectively migrate to the adjacent non-pre-illuminated regions. The continuous supply of the LC from the pre-illuminated regions to the adjacent non-pre-illuminated regions significantly increases the diffraction efficiency of the grating sample. This study provides an insight into developing new external-voltage-free DEP-based devices that can be applied on various fields, such as photonics, displays, and biomedicines.
A Bayesian Optimal Design for Sequential Accelerated Degradation Testing
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Hu Yuqing , Sun Fuqiang , Kang Rui
Published: July 2017

When optimizing an accelerated degradation testing (ADT) plan, the initial values of unknown model parameters must be pre-specified. However, it is usually difficult to obtain the exact values, since many uncertainties are embedded in these parameters. Bayesian ADT optimal design was presented to address this problem by using prior distributions to capture these uncertainties. Nevertheless, when the difference between a prior distribution and actual situation is large, the existing Bayesian optimal design might cause some over-testing or under-testing issues. For example, the implemented ADT following the optimal ADT plan consumes too much testing resources or few accelerated degradation data are obtained during the ADT. To overcome these obstacles, a Bayesian sequential step-down-stress ADT design is proposed in this article. During the sequential ADT, the test under the highest stress level is firstly conducted based on the initial prior information to quickly generate degradation data. Then, the data collected under higher stress levels are employed to construct the prior distributions for the test design under lower stress levels by using the Bayesian inference. In the process of optimization, the inverse Gaussian (IG) process is assumed to describe the degradation paths, and the Bayesian D-optimality is selected as the optimal objective. A case study on an electrical connector’s ADT plan is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed Bayesian sequential ADT design method. Compared with the results from a typical static Bayesian ADT plan, the proposed design could guarantee more stable and precise estimations of different reliability measures.
Non-Causal Computation
Authors: Baumeler Ämin , Wolf Stefan
Published: July 2017

Computation models such as circuits describe sequences of computation steps that are carried out one after the other. In other words, algorithm design is traditionally subject to the restriction imposed by a fixed causal order. We address a novel computing paradigm beyond quantum computing, replacing this assumption by mere logical consistency: We study non-causal circuits, where a fixed time structure within a gate is locally assumed whilst the global causal structure between the gates is dropped. We present examples of logically consistent non-causal circuits outperforming all causal ones; they imply that suppressing loops entirely is more restrictive than just avoiding the contradictions they can give rise to. That fact is already known for correlations as well as for communication, and we here extend it to computation.
Loss Characteristics of 6.5 kV RC-IGBT Applied to a Traction Converter
Authors: Huang Xianjin , Ling Chao , Chang Dengwei , You Xiaojie , Zheng Trillion
Published: July 2017

6.5 kV level IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) modules are widely applied in megawatt locomotive (MCUs) traction converters, to achieve an upper 3.5 kV DC link, which is beneficial for decreasing power losses and increasing the power density. Reverse Conducting IGBT (RC-IGBT) constructs the conventional IGBT function and freewheel diode function in a single chip, which has a greater flow ability in the same package volume. In the same cooling conditions, RC-IGBT allows for a higher operating temperature. In this paper, a mathematic model is developed, referring to the datasheets and measurement data, to study the 6.5 kV/1000 A RC-IGBT switching features. The relationship among the gate desaturated pulse, conducting losses, and recovery losses is discussed. Simulations and tests were carried out to consider the influence of total losses on the different amplitudes and durations of the desaturated pulse. The RC-IGBT traction converter system with gate pulse desaturated control is built, and the simulation and measurements show that the total losses of RC-IGBT with desaturated control decreased comparing to the RC-IGBT without desaturated control or conventional IGBT. Finally, a proportional small power platform is developed, and the test results prove the correction of the theory analysis.
A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids
Authors: Xie Haipeng , Bie Zhaohong , Lin Yanling , Zheng Chao
Published: July 2017

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids are emerging, and their reliability has been an increasing concern for the utilities. HVDC grids are different from typical two-terminal HVDC transmission systems due to the loops in their topology, which makes it difficult to evaluate the reliability by conventional analytical methods. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid method to evaluate the reliability of meshed HVDC grids. First, steady-state models and reliability models are established for the components in HVDC grids, especially for converters and power flow controllers. In the models, virtual buses are introduced to represent the external AC connections to the HVDC grid. Then a hybrid reliability evaluation method is proposed based on an analytical approach and Monte Carlo simulation. One innovation of the paper is the application of an analytical analysis method to accelerate state evaluation in Monte Carlo simulation by skipping unnecessary optimization. The proposed models and methods are verified on two HVDC grids. Test results show that HVDC grids under most failure states (approximately 70%) tend to shed no load except on buses connected to faulted converters, and the application of the analytical method could promote evaluation efficiency significantly.
Output Impedance Control Method of Inverter-Based Distributed Generators for Autonomous Microgrid
Authors: Choi Youn-Ok , Kim Jaehong
Published: July 2017

The droop method is the most favorable alternative in microgrid implementations for autonomous control of grid-forming inverter-based distributed generators (DGs) connected in parallel. However, the dynamic characteristic of the conventional droop method is poor because the inertias of inverter-based DG units are extremely low and the transmission line is normally very short. An output impedance control method to enhance the dynamic performance and minimize the circulating current between grid-forming DGs is devised in this study. It is shown that it also enhances the power and harmonic sharing accuracy. The proposed method utilizes the virtual output impedance as a control signal for reactive power flow management. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated using the high-speed field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time hardware-in-the-loop test results.
Thermo-Fluidic Comparison between Sandwich Panels with Tetrahedral Lattice Cores Fabricated by Casting and Metal Sheet Folding
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Jin Xin , Xie Gongnan , Yan Hongbin
Published: July 2017

This numerical study compares single-phase forced convective heat transfer between two sandwich panels with tetrahedral metallic lattice cores separately fabricated by investment casting and the more cost-effective metal sheet folding method. The numerical model is validated against available experimental data. For a given Reynolds number and core porosity, the results reveal that the brazed sandwich outperforms the casted sandwich, exhibiting a 13% to 16% higher Nusselt number. Bigger vertexes and more evident blockage of mainstream by the ligaments are found to intensify the horseshoe vortex and the counter-rotating vortex pair upstream and downstream of each vertex. Relative to the casted sandwich panel, therefore, endwall heat transfer is enhanced by 22% to 27%, while similar heat transfer is achieved on the ligaments. It is also found that, for a given Reynolds number, the brazed sandwich induces a 1.6 to 1.7 times higher pressure drop relative to the casted sandwich due to more severe flow separation caused by the sharp edges of the rectangular ligaments. Finally, for a given pumping power, both sandwiches provide a similar heat transfer performance. Given that the brazed sandwich is more cost-effective and easier to fabricate than the casted one, the former may be superior from an engineering application point of view.
Optimal Power Allocation for a Relaying-Based Cognitive Radio Network in a Smart Grid
Authors: Ma Kai , Liu Xuemei , Yang Jie , Liu Zhixin , Yuan Yazhou
Published: July 2017

This paper obtains optimal power allocation to the data aggregator units (DAUs) and relays for cognitive wireless networks in a smart grid (SG). Firstly, the mutual interference between the primary user and the DAU are considered, and the expressions of the DAU transmission signal are derived based on the sensing information. Secondly, we use the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to search for the optimal power allocation to minimize the costs to the utility company. Finally, the impact of the sensing information on the network performance is studied. Then two special cases (namely, that only one relay is selected, and that the channel is not occupied by the primary user) are discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimal power allocation and the sensing information of the relays can reduce the costs to the utility company for cognitive wireless networks in a smart grid.
Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Natural Fracture Density on Hydraulic Fracture Network Propagation
Authors: Chong Zhaohui , Li Xuehua , Chen Xiangyu , Zhang Ji , Lu Jingzheng
Published: July 2017

Hydraulic fracturing is an important method to enhance permeability in oil and gas exploitation projects and weaken hard roofs of coal seams to reduce dynamic disasters, for example, rock burst. It is necessary to fully understand the mechanism of the initiation, propagation, and coalescence of hydraulic fracture network (HFN) caused by fluid flow in rock formations. In this study, a coupled hydro-mechanical model was built based on synthetic rock mass (SRM) method to investigate the effects of natural fracture (NF) density on HFN propagation. Firstly, the geometrical structures of NF obtained from borehole images at the field scale were applied to the model. Secondly, the micro-parameters of the proposed model were validated against the interaction between NF and hydraulic fracture (HF) in physical experiments. Finally, a series of numerical simulations were performed to study the mechanism of HFN propagation. In addition, confining pressure ratio (CPR) and injection rate were also taken into consideration. The results suggested that the increase of NF density drives the growth of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), concentration area of injection pressure (CAIP), and the number of cracks caused by NF. The number of tensile cracks caused by rock matrix decrease gradually with the increase of NF density, and the number of shear cracks caused by rock matrix are almost immune to the change of NF density. The propagation orientation of HFN and the breakdown pressure in rock formations are mainly controlled by CPR. Different injection rates would result in a relatively big difference in the gradient of injection pressure, but this difference would be gradually narrowed with the increase of NF density. Natural fracture density is the key factor that influences the percentages of different crack types in HFN, regardless of the value of CPR and injection rate. The proposed model may help predict HFN propagation and optimize fracturing treatment designs in fractured rock formations.