bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of technogenic factors on the engineering and geological conditions of the gas plant territory in the Orenburg region
Authors: Korvet Nadezhda , Zavodchikova Maria , Lazdovskaya Marina
Published: May 2020

The engineering and geotechnical conditions of the site of the helium plant in the Orenburg region are characterized. The possibility of its technogenic pollution has been identified by the results of literary and stock sources, as well as by engineering and geological surveys. The reason for the formation of pollution sites is substantiated. This fact is confirmed by analyzes of assessing the composition of groundwater and the physicomechanical properties of loess soils that make up the upper part of the geological section. Groundwater is characterized by increased mineralization, which is mainly caused by the high content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium. Also, there is an increased content of ammonia, the smell of gasoline. Studies of the soil properties showed that it almost lost subsidence properties, with the exception of isolated cases. The subsidence of individual soil samples taken from a depth of 13.0-20.0 m is inexplicable by natural causes due to the impossibility of steeping them, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the site. It indicates an irreversible effect of leaks of chemical reagents on the soil. The established engineering and geological features of soils and their behavior along the depth of the section are confirmed by test results presented in the form of tables and graphs. The presented information is of great practical and scientific importance for predicting changes in the characteristics of the geological environment during technogenic pollution at oil and gas facilities. The feasibility of amending regulatory documents for a detailed study of this problem in accordance with existing recommendations and scientific developments is proposed.
Comparison of deformations of the large floating-roof tanks with the results of long-term monitoring
Authors: Mangushev Rashid , Sotnikov Sergey
Published: May 2020

The basic requirements for settlement of steel vertical cylindrical tanks are given. The construction of such a foundation is considered and a method for calculating pile ring foundations of large- volume tanks based on the decisions of K.E. Yegorov and A.A. Bartholomei is proposed. The results of monitoring the settlement of a large-volume tank with a floating roof after the completion of hydraulic tests and three years after its operation are presented. The monitoring results are compared with the results of analytical calculations according to the proposed formulas and numerical methods (finite element method - FEM) for various software systems.
The role of metallurgical clusters in the development of environmental engineering: new opportunities
Authors: Kunanbaeva Kymbat , Rahimova Saule , Pigurin Andrey
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the place and role of metallurgical clusters in the development of environmental engineering. The paper is based on research materials on the development of environmental engineering and the features of the functioning of metallurgical clusters. The paper studies the development of ferrous metallurgy, development trends, and developmental features of city-forming organizations of ferrous metallurgy. The main existing areas for development of metallurgical clusters and the relevance of environmental engineering development are shown.
Energy-saving technology of cleaning water basin and enrichment with algae raw materials for biogas production
Authors: Mylayeva Anastasiya , Kuznetzova Nadezhda , Shchukina Tatiana , Drapalyuk Dmitriy
Published: May 2020

Reproductive ability of cyanobacteriums are one of main parameters of ecological conditions of water-basin and it is especially actually for artificial water objects. Changes of concentrations of blue-green algae in warm year period allows to trace zones of strong pollution without additional attraction of chemical laboratory. Thus it is enough significant mean have prognosis of situation evolution with use cyanobacteriums. With this aim it was received equation of change concentration of blue-green algae in dependence of time in taking to account different degree content of dissolved matter, and possible temperature stratification for considered water objects by different weather condition. On accordance of calculated data by predictable weather and temperature conditions of summer season it is possible to estimate consequences of pollutions by blue-green algae, and to make recommendations for improvement this situation. At prediction of possible ecological disaster it is offered to use innovative method of elimination the consequences, based on hydro-mechanical filtration. As nozzle for pollution catching it is argued the necessity of use milled cane, which source is exceed in shallow water. It should be note, that this type filter can not only retard different fine impurities and blue-green algae, but absorb ions of heavy metals. Moreover, nozzle’s filler is exposed by ecological safety utilization. Replaceable cartridges with milled cane is able to additionally clean coastline from rough water flora and to direct in consequence all biomass to units of biogas production.
Innovative technology for reducing the rate of sediment formation in the power plants channels
Authors: Muraviev Anatoly , Nadeev Alexander , Naumov Alexander , Pereslavtseva Inna
Published: May 2020

This paper considers the increasing the mass transfer intensity due to the use of annular baffles in the tubes of shell-and-tube heat exchange apparatuses. A mathematical model for calculating the system of equations for the evolution of particle distribution in the form of sediments has been developed.
Application of fiber-reinforced concrete in high-rise construction
Authors: Ischenko Aleksandr , Borisova Anastasia
Published: May 2020

In this research, we study the use of fiber-reinforced concrete, including steel fiber-reinforced concrete in the construction of outrigger floors of a high-rise building. The definition and classification of fiber-reinforced concrete as a construction material, the methodology for calculating high-rise buildings using fiber-reinforced concrete, the advantages and disadvantages of this composite material, and the specifics of its use are formulated. The domestic and foreign experience in use of fiber-reinforced concrete is analyzed. The rationale for its use on the experience of construction of residential building in seismically active regions is given. A comparative analysis of concrete and fiber concrete use in the outrigger floors’ construction is carried out.
Operational risks and building energy efficiency
Authors: Borkovskaya Victoria , Degaev Evgeniy , Rimshin Vladimir , Shubin Igor
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the main aspects of the Federal program of energy saving and energy efficiency of the housing and communal complex. The algorithm of energy survey of the building is given. The calculation of the temperature field of structural units using the ELCUT software package is considered. The operational risks of implementing the energy saving Program and improving the energy efficiency of the housing stock are determined.
Modern technologies of foundation building in the conditions of weak soils of St. Petersburg
Authors: Mangushev Rashid , Sotnikov Sergey , Osokin Anatoly
Published: May 2020

When performing zero-cycle works in Saint Petersburg, it is necessary to take into account the properties of soils of surface strata represented by late glacial and post-glacial lake and marine deposits that serve as the Foundation of shallow foundations - they contain most of the body of friction piles in pile foundations. The presence of a large number of different technologies for manufacturing piles often puts developers before a difficult choice, which must take into account many different factors – the design of the construction object, the specific engineering and geological conditions of the construction site and of course the cost of the work performed. For many new technologies, the regulatory and technical framework is still insufficient. Their information provision is also lagging behind. Developers and investors sometimes do not know the advantages and disadvantages of a particular technology for making piles and the limits of their applicability, often stopping at the cheapest offers that do not always ensure the reliability of the future foundation.
Calculating the accuracy of strain observations of high-rise buildings and structures using electronic total stations
Authors: Simonjan Vladimir , Shendyapina Svetlana
Published: May 2020

The most important task related to the life activity of people and their safety is the monitoring of buildings and structures. The purpose of monitoring is to identify the degree of physical condition of building structures, the impact of various factors on their physical condition and design performance. Geodetic observations of horizontal and vertical displacements of buildings and structures are most common. They are the most important part of geodetic monitoring. Underestimating the importance of monitoring or not doing so in order to save money leads to tragic consequences. Therefore, the article deals with the accuracy of observations of horizontal and vertical displacements of high-rise buildings and structures using electronic total stations.
Possibility of using local spline functions for estimating displacement values when observing deformations of buildings
Authors: Labuznov Alexander
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the issue of determining the values of displacement points on the walls of buildings and structures during deformations using geodetic measurements of the values of displacements of adjacent points. It is proposed to use spline functions of one or two variables to calculate the offsets of points where no measurements were made, or where observations stopped starting from a certain stage. It is proposed to determine the spline coefficients either by interpolating the results from one observation cycle to arbitrary points, or by interpolating the observation results in previous cycles to points that were not observed in the new observation cycle. A specific example is used to evaluate the accuracy of the interpolation results and provide practical recommendations for using the methods in practical calculations. When considering the two-dimensional case, it is concluded that the approximation of the linear spline of two variables is not accurate enough, and it is proposed to use splines of a higher degree.
Design schemes’ universalization in calculation of daylight factor under side and roof lighting system in buildings
Authors: Stetsky Sergey , Larionova Kira
Published: May 2020

The article describes the methods of contemporary daylight factor’ (D.F.) design either with top or side natural lighting systems in buildings. The different methods of design, with different design formulas are based on preliminary determination of the type of lighting system used. But this division is rather conditional and not accurate. Sometimes the source of natural light (say, a window in a wall), which traditionally is judged as a source of a side light, is placed higher, than a monitor or skylight on a roof, which usually are determined as a sources of a top light. The same situation can be seen in determination of an angle of observation of a sky vault portion, observed from a design point within the premise considered. Thus, taking into account the above mentioned statements, one can assume, that with no strict division of external natural illumination under the overcast sky conditions, adopted as a basic theory in contemporary domestic «Codes and Regulations on Natural Lighting of Interiors», it is necessary to offer an universal design formula. This one should be based on standard formulas with respect to specific points, typical either to elements of window, monitor or skylight structures.
Technological and construction features of modular reinforced concrete foundation designing for various high-rise structures
Authors: Sabitov Linar , Mayilyan Aleksandr , Mayilyan Levon , Yazyev Serdar , Radaykin Oleg , Akhtyamova Leisan
Published: May 2020

The paper proposes a new type of modular collapsible reinforced concrete foundation for steel support of various types of structures: power lines, wind power plants, billboards, traffic lights, etc. The foundation has the shape of a cross-hammer in the plan and consists of separate modules manufactured at the factory and connected to each other by concrete dowels and tie bolts on the construction site. At the same time, this technological approach makes it possible to obtain more stable (uniform) strength and deformation properties of both the individual module and the assembled foundation as a whole. Reducing the material consumption is achieved by creating a cavity in each typical module and filling it with local inert material (soil). The Central module has an anchor device for joining with the support according to the type of flange connection. This device, along with the use of conventional anchor bolts, involves filling the Central module with non-shrinkable fast-hardening steel-fiber concrete. Thus, the positive result of the proposed solution is to increase the bearing capacity of the Foundation as a whole, increase the strength and stiffness of its main joints, and simplify installation in comparison with traditional approaches to construction. A comparative calculation of the foundations of the proposed and standard known solutions showed the effectiveness of the first one by at least 17.2%.
Optimization model of transport traffic at preliminary registration of queries based on controlled queueing models
Authors: Kondrashova Elizaveta
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the model of transport traffic optimization with use of preliminary registration. Preliminary registration of applications for entrance to a certain road-zone in certain time intervals can optimize a road situation and reduce traffic jams. The optimization is based on the controlled queueing model theory, controlled arrival-flow. As a result the transport flow becomes “predictable” and “controlled” thanks to preliminary information, using Internet-services. Algorithmization of model and also the main structure is presented. The example of control on the basis of controlled queueing model is given.
Synthesis of random parameter identification algorithms and estimates of current vessel motion parameters
Authors: Ivanovskiy Nikolay , Gorychev Ivan , Yashin Aleksandr , Bidenko Sergey
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the task of synthesis of algorithms for identifying random parameters of a vessel, such as attached masses, moment of inertia, and estimating the current parameters of the vessel's motion from real-time measurements of onboard sensors. The task of the synthesis of algorithms for identifying random parameters of the vessel and evaluating the characteristics of the vessel’s movement is to determine (evaluate) the current parameters (attached masses, moment of inertia) and the characteristics of the vessel’s motion (position vector, speed) from the measurements of the vessel’s motion, angular position and angular velocity of the vessel rotation).
The influence of grooving corrosion on the strength of pipelines
Authors: Zhilina Tatiana , Afonin Konstantin , Mironov Victor , Plotnikov Artem , Shapoval Anatoly
Published: May 2020

The aim of the present work is to develop a model of grooving corrosion of the pipeline using APM WinMachine program. Corrosion is caused by chemical reaction of the metal with the environment (outside) and the transported product (inside) undergoing on the boundary of the metal and the media. This issue is widely investigated in multiple national and foreign studies; however, it is still relevant nowadays. This paper presents results of calculation of the stress-strain state of two segments of the pipeline with the given parameters. Engineering calculations were carried out using the finite element method. The stress maps were built based on the calculated models of pipelines.
Heating system for measuring tanks of the cementing unit from the exhaust system of the base chassis
Authors: Kireev Sergey , Korchagina Marina , Efimov Andrey , Stepanov Valentin
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to increase the efficiency of the design process and reduce the cost of field experiments by using numerical analysis methods of the dimensional capacity heating efficiency of the internal combustion engine exhaust system. To solve the problem, a non-stationary nonlinear solver of gas dynamic processes (Siemens STAR-CCM+) was used, which allows to evaluate the correctness of the problem statement, significantly reducing the cost of full-scale tests. The paper considers the heating of a dimensional two-section tank in the layout of the cementing unit on the chassis with a triplex high-pressure pump and a drive from the power take-off box on the gear box of the chassis engine. The exhaust pipe structurally passes inside the measuring tank. According to the research results obtained graphic dependences of temperature change of liquid measuring cups to control points, the distribution of temperature field of the liquid in a volumetric tank, distribution of the temperature field of the surrounding air, stream lines and velocity field of the ambient air and the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The results of the calculations clearly show that the application of the method of heating the measuring capacity by entering the exhaust pipe directly into the liquid can be considered effective.
Multiplicative method for creating the traffic monitoring base in a megapolis
Authors: Makovetskaya-Abramova Olga , Lazarev Yuriy , Gravit Marina , Silla Svetlana , Shakhova Mariya
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is the development of methods of identification of vehicles. These methods based on the system of identification their optical images for organization of movement and reducing the number of road accidents. There is a way of mathematical processing of signals in this method. These signals are registered with the help of optical-electronic sensors for the rapid decision-making based on computer technology. As a result, there is a confirmation of the method’s operability in real conditions. Digital signal processing lets to determine the intensity, speed and density of traffic flow automatically. At the same time, multiplicative method is a method of multidimensional analysis in a multidimensional space of numerical criteria. It divides the traffic flow by classes. This technology opens a lot of great opportunities for optimizing traffic management and helps to improve the safety of vehicles. The results of the survey are proposed for using in smart city systems.
Assessment of driver biorhythms as a factor of labor safety
Authors: Bashkireva Tatiana , Bashkireva Anastasia , Chibisov Sergey , Severin Alexander , Morozov Alexander , Fateeva Nadezhda
Published: May 2020

The paper provides a biorhythmological assessment of the health of a driver’s team in conditions of joint activity in terms of heart rate variability. Measurements were taken during the working day using Holter monitoring in AnnaFlash2000 software and statistical processing ISCIM6. The cardiogram of the heart was recorded during the working day from 8.00 to 18.00 hours. It was revealed that the rhythmic processes of acrophase and heart rate bathyphase, which testify to the leading role of hypoxia, hypercapnia and desynchronosis of ultradian rhythms, influence the joint professional activity of drillers. The examined drivers found a violation of the synchronization of biological rhythms and desynchronosis at various levels of regulation of heart rhythm regulation. Both drivers, working in different biological rhythms, have a low degree of compatibility and belong to the group of production risk, which negatively affects occupational safety.
Contact stresses in point frogs
Authors: Glusberg Boris , Korolev Vadim , Lokteva Olga , Shishkina Irina
Published: May 2020

The methodology for calculating the contact stress state for various contact types of frogs and wheel is presented. The magnitudes of contact stresses in the frogs can be calculated according to the Hertz-Belyaev method, taking into account certain evaluating factors.
Dynamic behavior model of the ballastless railroad track segment considering wave processes
Authors: Loktev Alexey , Korolev Vadim , Shishkina Irina , Savin Alexander , Illarionova Liliya , Lokteva Olga , Kuskov Vladislav
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the modification of the dynamic behavior model of a flat orthotropic element under shock and vibrational impacts. The impacts were caused by solid cylindrical body for the case of ballastless railway construction. The suggested model allows simulating the element deformation in the upper structure of the ballast-free design track. The propagation of elastic waves moving with finite speeds, orthotropic properties of the foundation slab, which allow optimally selecting rod reinforcement are taken into account. The obtained analytical and graphical results make it possible to assess the influence of properties of the reinforced concrete slab, the underframe speed, the presence of defects in wheel sets or rail bars, as well as the characteristics of the technical content of the track section.
Image processing of transport objects using neural networks
Authors: Loktev Daniil , Lokteva Olga
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the development of an automated system model for monitoring and control of transport objects, based on the processing of images obtained using photo or video detectors, which can be installed on a fixed base near the transport highway for monitoring traffic flows and individual vehicles, and on rolling stock for monitoring transport infrastructure facilities. Image processing occurs by determining the function of blurring the image of an object, algorithms for extracting an image of an object using cascading classifiers and characteristic points, depending on the behavior of the object itself, as well as using a convolutional neural network. Machine learning of the convolutional neural network occurs when using the back propagation method of error. A neural network allows detecting objects of certain classes in the image, determining the parameters of their state and behavior. The proposed model with a movable hardware, which is responsible for obtaining the primary image, was tested on a section of the railway track to identify deviations of the state of the superstructure from the content standards, and a system with stationary photodetectors was tested to determine the parameters of moving vehicles. The obtained results of processing experimental data allowed drawing qualitative conclusions about the possibility of using the proposed algorithms and schemes for monitoring and control of various transport objects.
Span operational aspects under offsetting the axis of the track panel
Authors: Loktev Alexey , Korolev Vadim , Shishkina Irina , Lokteva Olga , Gridasova Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

The stress-strain state of a small railway bridge with a beam design is considered in the article for the case of offsetting the track panel axis relative to the bridge axis by the value exceeding the limit determined by regulatory documents. The differential equation is considered in the analytical calculation of the behavior parameters and the state of the span under the action of the load. This equation describes the vertical vibrations of the beam and allows considering them as a combination of forced and free vibrations. In numerical modeling, the finite element method is used as the solution procedure. Determining equations of the method contain linear and angular displacements of nodes in the model as unknowns. As a result of the calculations, graphical dependences for normal and horizontal displacements, internal forces, principal and equivalent stresses at various points of the span are obtained. Values are presented that show an increase in bending and torsional forces, as well as in principal stresses when the axis of the railway track is displaced relative to the bridge axis.
Incorrectness of the method of calculating cargo fastening on railway platforms
Authors: Turanov Khabibulla , Ruzmetov Yadgor , Shikhnazarov Jamol
Published: May 2020

Inaccuracy of the existing methodology for calculating cargo fastening. Cargo fastening by flexible and retention elements. The paper should define the “shearing” force across the car as the sum of the transverse transport inertia and wind load, taking into account the safety factor from tipping over; determine the transverse force perceived by the means of securing the load, taking into account the reaction of the retention bars of only one direction; calculate the forces in the elastic fasteners when exposed to shearing forces, taking into account the geometry of the fasteners according to existing methods. The research methods are based on the basic law of dynamics for the relative motion of a material point, where the transverse and vertical transferring inertia forces are formally assigned to external forces. The paper proves that according to the existing methodology, the force in all elastic cargo fasteners under the influence of transverse forces has the same value, regardless of the different arrangement of the geometric parameters of the fasteners in space. This is not true. The calculations of forces in the elastic fastening elements according to Appendix 8 of the existing methodology are given. Under the influence of transverse forces, the strength of the first and second pairs of elastic fasteners, both one and the other direction, are not provided by the method of Appendix 8 - the forces in the fasteners are greater than the permissible one (24.8 kN). Existing calculation methods do not ensure the strength of the cargo fastening elements.
Movement of the wagon on the marshalling hump under the impact of air environment and tailwind
Authors: Turanov Khabibulla , Gordienko Andrej , Saidivaliev Shukrat , Djabborov Shukrat
Published: May 2020

The effect of the tailwind on the wagon when it is rolling down from the hump. Study of the movement of the wagon on the profile of the marshalling hump. To provide an incorrect formula for determining the relative velocity and air particles, taken as the absolute velocity of the particles. The article applies the theorem on the addition of velocities in complex motion in vector form. Mathematical substantiated errors in the determination of the specific resistance to movement of the wagon from the air medium and wind, derived from the empirical relationships given the aerodynamic performance of the wagons. The results of the research can be used in the processing of the normative-technical document on the design of hump devices on railways and making adjustments to the dynamics of rolling the wagon in textbooks for universities of railway transport. The results of this study prove the need to revise the practical significance of the formula for finding the specific resistance to the movement of the car from the air and wind in the in the normative-technical document “Rules and regulations for the design of sorting devices on the railways track gauge 1 520 mm ”.
Mathematical model for selecting the best technology for restoring road construction machines
Authors: Belyaev Aleksandr , Gordienko Valeriy , Druzhinin Petr , Evtukov Sergey
Published: May 2020

The article considers the problem of effective and high-quality restoration of road construction machines and equipment. Operational features of reliable and high-precision equipment for road and construction works require high costs for maintaining the operability of machines. Since mainly foreign-made equipment is used, replacing worn-out, especially functionally important parts is very costly. To ensure the requirements of reliable and safe operation of road construction machines, a systematic approach to solving these problems is required, which is decided by the authors through developing an original model of the optimal choice of energy efficient technology for the restoration of parts of road construction machines, with the goal being the highest quality of the part after restoration.
The analysis of factors influencing the sustainability of forest stands
Authors: Savchenkova Vera , Vasiliev Sergey , Nikitin Vladimir , Runova Elena
Published: May 2020

The problem of the ecological state of the microclimate of the modern metropolis and surrounding areas is becoming more and more urgent every year due to the increasing anthropogenic impact. This is why it is necessary to conduct a systematic assessment of the state of green spaces in order to design a set of measures to improve their sustainability, preserve biological diversity and improve the environment. The study of tree planting was carried out in an instrumental and visual way. The assessment of natural renewal was carried out on a differentiated scale of the state and quality of natural renewal under the canopy of forest plantations. The purpose of the study was to identify factors that affect the intensity of damage to tree stands, predict the volume of dead trees, and develop an approach to improving the stability of forest stands. As a result, is has been stated that storm damage has mainly affected weak, mature and overmature trees. Root rot (i.e., spruce root rot) promotes high degree of windthrow, while stem rot provokes windbreak (which is typical for hardwood species – aspen, birch, lime tree). The greatest influence on the intensity of damage to plantings by windfall and windbreak has the length of the crown, the diameter of the trunk and the content of rot. Based on the results of the research a new approach of regenerating species composition and the structure of local forest types at the national park has been proposed.
Parametric clustering of cities
Authors: Muromtseva Nataliya , Simankina Tatiana , Alpackaya Irina
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the master plans and functional areas of 42 cities from different federal districts of the Russian Federation. To identify the dependencies between the characteristics of localities and the allocation of functional zones in them, the data clustering method was applied. Also criteria for clustering were identified – these are quantitative characteristics that are universal for various localities: total area of a locality, population, population density and gross regional product. With these criteria clustering was carried out using the software package «Deductor», based on algorithms of neural network modeling. Self-organizing Kohonen maps (SOM) were used to visualize the obtained data. As a result of the clustering the connection between the characteristics of localities and the ratio of functional zones in them is revealed.
Analysis of fire departments location in St. Petersburg
Authors: Rozhina Maria , Lyubomirskiy Arseniy , Talipova Liliia
Published: May 2020

This article is to identify and visualize the territory of St. Petersburg, which is not included in the service area of fire departments. The article provides an analysis of standards and the calculation of the maximum distance from the fire department to the object of the alleged fire. As a result of the calculation, it cleared up that the maximum service radius of one fire department is 2.5 km. A map was also made showing the service radii of fire stations in St. Petersburg. The authors represented zones that do not fall within the radii, and suggested possible solutions to certain problems.
Analysis of the shading of the development area of different cities in one light district
Authors: Bessonova Natalya , Germanova Tatiana
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this work is to compare the insolation regime of the built-up territories of different cities of the same city in the same administrative region by light climate. The study was conducted in the Citis: Solaris software package. Based on the calculation results, models of shading the territory were built, and a conclusion was drawn on the differences in insolation in these cities.
Water supply problems of the small settlements
Authors: Pomogaeva Valentina , Vasilyeva Olga
Published: May 2020

The study of the problems of providing drinking water to the population in small settlements allowed us to identify the most important ones in the extraction of water, its preparation and transportation. The conclusions are based on statistical data on water supply problems. The causes of problems are identified and the directions of development of water supply systems are determined. The dynamics of aging of water supply systems in small settlements is analyzed. Various water supply options were investigated. Various water supply systems were simulated and a set of calculations was performed. Options for combining existing systems and reconstructing them are modeled. Water supply systems with a water tower are investigated. Variants of the water supply system’s exit from the crisis situation have been developed.
Problem of the pedestrian route system in the center of Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Lavrov Leonid , Surovenkov Andrei
Published: May 2020

Existing proposals for expanding pedestrian routes in the central part of St. Petersburg are analyzed and critically assessed, based on existing regulatory documents. On the basis of quantitative indicators and a comparative analysis of the central regions of European cities, the idea of the central regions of St. Petersburg as a territory with dense buildings, small quarters with a dense network of intra-quarter communication routes is questioned. Attention is paid to the legal problems of developing the system of intra-quarter communication routes in the central part of St. Petersburg. Based on European experience, a number of possible solutions are proposed.
New public spaces as the basic nodes for development of new city areas (case study of Kronstadt, Russia)
Authors: Kokorina Olga , Zinenkov Dmitry , Datsuk Tamara
Published: May 2020

The article presents research materials and analysis of factors affecting the creation of new nodes of public spaces, as starting points for the development of Kotlin Island and the city of Kronstadt. Their current state and problems, resources and opportunities are described. Currently, there is a process of rethinking the value of the coastal territories of Kronstadt, the potential of which is not realized. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is to increase the use of coastal territories by creating tourism and public-business infrastructure along the coastline. Kronstadt has a number of unique characteristics, the use of which can transfer it from degrading to developing. This is possible by creating a polycentric model in the city - new growth points, as well as rethinking the value of abandoned and coastal territories. This approach will not only increase funding, attract more people, provide a sufficient number of jobs, but also subsequently create conditions for the further development of the city as an independent unit - the center of the St. Petersburg metropolitan area.
Urban planning and landscape framework of church architecture of the Tsarskoye Selo district of St. Petersburg Province
Authors: Akulova Nadezhda , Sementsov Sergey
Published: May 2020

The historical Tsarskoye Selo district of St. Petersburg province is one of the interesting phenomena of urban planning and cultural development of Russia. The article considers only one of the lines of the formation of the county - the development of multi-confessional temple-building on its territory as part of the improvement of a single territorial-landscape system over six chronological stages: up to 1703; 1703-1779; 1780-1800; 1801-1836; 1837-1900; 1901-1917 As you know, temple architecture has not only powerful sacred-semantic components, but also reflects the most important architectural-figurative and urban-territorial aspects. Until 1917, it was the temples and the accompanying buildings and structures of various faiths that accumulated many features of territorial and cultural centers. Thus, forming a special multi-temple framework throughout the county, wider - in the province. The identification of this historical framework and the definition of its features within the framework of a single county was the topic of this article.
Patterns of origin, formation and spatial movement of the center of Saint-Petersburg in the 1703-1730s
Authors: Sementsov Sergey , Pukharenko Yuri
Published: May 2020

On the basis of numerous archival and published materials and data, project ideas and the real history of the formation and development of the historical center of Saint-Petersburg on the Gorodskoy Island (in 1703-1720), Vasilyevsky Island (in 1721-1730) and on the Admiralteyskaya side (since the 1730s) are considered as stages of gradual crystallization of various spatial concepts of the capital’s development. The structure of the city center that changed over time is revealed. The results of the study: a fairly clear correspondence is shown between the stages of development of spatial and structural ideas and the transfer of the capital’s center to new territories, depending on changes in the state’s prestigious landmarks.
Principles for organizing the architectural environment of arctic cities using the example of Vorkuta (Russia)
Authors: Vabishchevich Daria , Ivanov Igor , Datsuk Tamara
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the principles for organizing the architectural environment of Arctic cities using the example of Vorkuta, (Russia). The subject of the study is the architectural environment of Vorkuta and the influence on its formation of various groups of factors - climatic, psychological and environmental. Based on the study of the history of the appearance of the city and its condition today, the prospects of the region are assessed, and the main development vectors are identified. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of external factors and development prospects, the principles of organizing the architectural environment at different levels are formulated: urban planning level - the city and the quarter, architectural and planning level - the building. The principles of a possible organization of Vorkuta architectural environment are systematized, both in terms of impact levels and certain factors of influence, which are most significant for the region. The architectural environment of the city, created in the image of the cities of central Russia, was not adapted to the harsh northern climatic conditions. Studying the influence of various external factors on the urban environment will help formulating a conceptual scheme of the organization. In the future, it will prevent mistakes and contribute to the development of the city.
Optimizing the system of placing Orthodox parish church complexes in modern urban environment of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Kondratieva Lydia , Ivina Maria , Mangushev Rashid
Published: May 2020

The present paper discusses some solutions for optimization of the system of placing Orthodox parish church complexes (PCC) taking into account the traditions of temple architecture, current conditions and strategy of urban and socioeconomic development of Saint Petersburg. The urgency of this topic is substantiated by the construction of churches currently proceeding in Saint Petersburg. However, there is a problem of advancing the existing typology of parish complexes and enhancing the system of their placement on recently developed lands, taking into account modern environment of Saint Petersburg. The paper considers town- planning problems of the existing system of PCCs in Saint Petersburg. In order to work out some solutions for integrating various types of PCCs into the city structure, certain assessment criteria for territories of Saint Petersburg were determined. Recommendations for each type of PCCs were made, concerning the territorial placement in the city structure, possible space-planning solutions, territorial accessibility, elaboration of a site plan of a church yard.
Organizational and technological reliability of the cluster formation of urban residential development
Authors: Semenenko Mikhail , Mirzakhanova Aida
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the deterministic meaning of the term “Cluster of urban residential development” used in organizing the re-profiling of urban areas taking into account the organizational and technological model of production reliability. When implementing such projects, a set complex of combined tasks of an organizational and technological profile is solved and a number of parameters are taken into account (comfortable living, with rationally used free space; a combination of residential buildings with social, educational, cultural, everyday and entertainment facilities, etc.), as well - the basic principles of the formation of the reliability of the organizational and technological model of a cluster of urban residential development. The fundamental scientific hypothesis is that using the methods of organizational, technological, as well as numerical modelling and system engineering, the indicators of the integral reliability of construction manufacturing can be increased. As a result of the study, the cluster parameters of the urban residential for use in the complex model are established.
Improvement of the sanitary cleaning system within the municipal housing-and-communal services
Authors: Semernin Dmitry , Dolgova Irina , Mokhov Igor , Mokhova Svetlana
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to some questions of sanitary cleaning management in housing-and-communal services in the city. The authors revealed the tasks of activization of the innovation activity in the sphere of removal and processing of municipal solid waste as the result of the analysis of the situation existing in Russia. Separate collecting and processing of waste is offered as the perspective option. Special attention was paid to such an element as solid waste disposal. The technique of the assessment of the expediency of municipal expenses on the solid waste disposal is offered. Comparison of expenses on disposal and sorting of mixed and divided waste is carried out. The conclusion on the advantage of expediency of the divided waste is drawn. Results of this work can be used by the representatives of housing-and-communal services of the cities, responsible for sanitary cleaning, in their practical work.
Urban social security survey
Authors: Samoylova Nadezhda , Majorzadehzahiri Alireza
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to security topics, which is one of the key requirements for improving the quality of life. The article presents the results of a study aimed at improving the safety of people in the area of the largest cities. Questionnaires were prepared and data were collected among residents of the study area on identified security problems as a result of field observations of the vicinity of Tehran (Iran). The study area is Lashkar district in Tehran 8 and east of Tehran where security is very low and the environment is relatively worn and width. The method of this research is descriptive-research. For the purpose of analyzing and assessing the security at the neighborhood level, a set of indicators are used, such as quality of passages, lighting, texture compaction, openness and closure of space, physical form. The following tables are presented in the article: Types of Security, The four theories of crime and violence in urban space, in the context of Swat Lashkar District. The study presented specific proposals (Solutions and Suggestions to create security in the Lashkar neighborhood) for measures of urban planning policy of the study area in Iran.
Classical order theory in the modern architectural educational process
Authors: Vozniak Ekaterina , Kurbatov Yuri , Lisovsky Vladimir
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the development of the theory of the classical orders of architecture in Russia in the XVIII – XIX centuries. The special significance of the works of professors of the Institute of Civil Engineers in the development of classical theory and in the education of outstanding architects is revealed. The problems and the need for teaching order theory for modern students are analyzed. The structure of the presentation of the most important concepts and techniques of classical architecture is indicated. A clear structuring of information will allow architects and restorers to freely operate a system of order architectural forms in the design.
Historical merchant courts and their renovation
Authors: Bredikhina Anastasia , Vozniak Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

The study of the methods of renovation of living merchant courts and systematization of them will allow you to select the most optimal options for their modern use. The purpose of the work: studying the variety of methods of renovation of merchant courts, identifying their positive and negative sides. Methods: classification by volume-spatial and volume-planning characteristics, comparative analysis of the historical and modern state of the studied buildings. Results: various approaches to renovation of merchant courts were studied, domestic and foreign experience of adaptation was considered. Their historical and cultural value and the need to preserve them have been proved. The most interesting examples in various directions are given. The positive and negative sides of different approaches are considered. Conclusions are made about the possibilities of modern use of merchant courts. Optimal solutions for adaptation are proposed depending on the volume-planning structure of the building under consideration. Recommendations are given for the preferred functional content (priority is given to mixed functions).
Unconventional methods for displaying tectonic features of architectural systems of low-rise buildings
Authors: Pleshivtsev Alexander
Published: May 2020

The possibilities of unconventional technological methods for the formation of low-rise buildings need an adequate scientific and methodological substantiation. The features of the influence of technological component on the nature and methods of forming compositional solutions of low-rise buildings are established. The dependence of the functional quality of construction products (low-rise buildings) on the possibilities of adapting techniques of unconventional technological effectiveness to the practical implementation of compositional and structural solutions of effective architectural systems has been revealed. The structure of promising areas of technological transformation of forms (dynamic architecture) of low-rise buildings is developed. An example of the concept of technological transformation of a mobile architectural system of a low-rise residential building is considered. The main features of the influence of unconventional technological methods on compositional solutions and methods of forming architectural systems of low-rise buildings are determined.