bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RoughSet based Feature Selection for Prediction of Breast Cancer
Authors: BHUKYA HANUMANTHU , Manchala Sadanandam
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer is the most deadly cancer and has highest mortality rate in women all over the world. Early prediction of breast cancer can improve the survival rate of the patient. Consequently, high accuracy in cancer prediction is important to avoid any mis-diagnosis. Machine learning algorithms can contribute in early prediction and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, we have used rough set based feature selector to extract relevant features from the breast cancer feature set and classify them using machine learning algorithm like Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Adaboost. The main aim is to predict cancerous breast nodules, using rough set driven feature selection and machine learning classification algorithms. The results were evaluated pertaining to accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value. It is observed that random forest outperformed all other classifiers and achieved the highest accuracy using the proposed approach (95.23%).
Adaptive Data Aggregation Scheme with Optimal Hop Selection using Optimized Distributed Voronoi-based Cooperation with Energy-aware Dual-path Geographic Routing Protocol
Authors: Sri M. , Pankajavalli P.B.
Published: June 2022

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the consumption of energy is high due to the data transmission in the sensing region. The Optimized Distributed Voronoi-based Collaboration (ODVOC) optimizes data delivery and it suffers from huge energy consumption. To overcome this drawback, a data aggregation scheme is introduced to expand the lifetime of the network and to minimize the energy utilization. Data aggregation is a significant approach that preserves the unwanted usage of energy during data transmission. In this paper, the Optimized Distributed Voronoi-based Cooperation scheme with Energy-aware Dual-path Geographic Routing (DAOHS-ODVOC-EDGR) is proposed which incorporates the polydisperse aggregation scheme and it aggregates the indispensable data in the intermediary nodes. The effective data aggregation is achieved by the estimation of the waiting time of the data at every intermediary node and cost function that is used for electing the next-hop node. In the proposed protocol, the buffer value of every node is divided to retain diversified kinds of flow for effective and fair delivery of data. The rate of transmission at the source and intermediary node is altered during the congestion. The proposed DAOHS- ODVOC-EDGR protocol is tested via simulation scheme. The result of the simulation exposes that DAOHS-ODVOC-EDGR outperforms the TESDA and DVOC protocol in terms of network lifetime, energy efficiency, and hop count delay.
Speech Enhancement, Databases, Features and Classifiers in Automatic Speech Recognition: A Review
Authors: Swamy Mahadeva
Published: June 2022

This paper gives a comprehensive introduction about speech production and perception in Human beings, discusses the challenges and applications, frame work of Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) systems, and provides the detailed description about the architecture of ASR. The paper highlights the problem definition, general objectives, scope of ASR research. The work provides meticulous review about the baseline ASR systems and indicates the need for research in ASR. A methodical way of designing a speech corpus for Indian languages is presented in this paper. Finally wavelet based Thresholding techniques are utilized to process the designed speech corpus. The experiments are carried out on the Kannada speech corpus consisting of continuous sentences and results are compared with those obtained on the bench marking TIMIT dataset. The results convey that the Proposed method performs better for both the databases for various SNR conditions.
Incidence, Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome in Breast Cancer: a Multicenter Study
Authors: Ren Yinpeng , Kong Xiangyi , Yang Qinheng , Ouyang Liquan , Liu Qiang , Dong Hao , Wang Zhongzhao , Fang Yi , Wang Jing
Published: June 2022

Postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is a common postoperative condition after breast cancer surgery, The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors of PMPS, and to propose prevention and treatment methods. The study included 1790 postoperative breast cancer patients from three hospitals from 2017 to 2021, of which 302 (13.0%) patients with PMPS were included in the study. Age, breast surgery type, axillary surgery type and radiotherapy are the risk factors of PMPS. Age, radiotherapy and chemotherapy affect the pain degree of PMPS during movement. For breast cancer patients with high risk factors, pain should be actively prevented during perioperative period. Oral pharmacological agents, multidisciplinary combination therapy, local anesthetics and regional anesthesia are the most common treatment of PMPS.
Pyrite residues mixed leaching characteristics from an abandoned sulfuric acid production plant in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Janaína Oliveira , Oliveira Luis Felipe Silva , Dotto Guilherme Luiz , Oliveira Marcos Leandro Silva
Published: June 2022

Coal mining is a major source anthropogenic of sulfur oxides in the world and an important contributor to acid rain. In this process are produced high concentrations of potentially hazardous elements, that when exposed to weathering leached and flowed directly into the sea. Therefore, this work aims to verify the detailed leachate composition of rejects and ash coal from an abandoned sulphuric acid production plant. Leachate concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The chemical characterization indicated highly toxic contaminants exposed to opencast, which favor bioaccumulation and the formation of secondary materials. Therefore, the work emphasizes the importance of listing these leachates due to the harm they cause to living beings and the ecosystem's disorder, thus corroborating for there to be more attention and correct destination for these tailings.
ZNF185 prevents stress fiber formation through the inhibition of RhoA in endothelial cells
Authors: Suzuki Soichiro , Ando Fumiaki , Kitagawa Sae , Hara Yu , Fujiki Tamami , Mandai Shintaro , Susa Koichiro , Mori Takayasu , Sohara Eisei , Rai Tatemitsu , Uchida Shinichi
Published: June 2022

Signaling through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) promotes endothelial barrier function to prevent plasma leakage induced by inflammatory mediators. The discovery of novel PKA substrates in endothelial cells has increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in vessel maturation. In this study, we evaluated a cAMP inducer, forskolin, and a phospho-PKA substrate antibody to identify ZNF185 as a PKA substrate. ZNF185 interacted with PKA and a deletion mutant of ZNF185, which lacks the PKA-interacting domain, was not phosphorylated by PKA. In addition to PKA, ZNF185 colocalized with F-actin in endothelial cells. Both phospho-ZNF185 and F-actin accumulated in the plasma membrane region in response to forskolin to stabilize the cortical actin structure. By contrast, ZNF185 knockdown disrupted actin filaments and promoted stress fiber formation without inflammatory mediators. Constitutive activation of RhoA was induced by ZNF185 knockdown, which resulted in forskolin-resistant endothelial barrier dysfunction. ZNF185 was essential for cAMP/PKA/RhoA signaling for the suppression of endothelial hyperpermeability. Thrombin protease was used as a positive control to assemble stress fibers via RhoA activation. Unexpectedly, ZNF185 was cleaved by thrombin, resulting in an N-terminal actin-targeting domain and a C-terminal PKA-interacting domain. Irreversible dysfunction of ZNF185 protein potentially causes RhoA-dependent stress fiber formation by thrombin.
Bacteroidales-specific antimicrobial gene analysis identifies gastrointestinal tract reservoirs of microbial sub strains selected for fecal dominance
Authors: Morrow Casey , Koo Hyunmin
Published: June 2022

To gain insight into the dynamics of selection for the dominant fecal microbe strain from the gut ecosystem, we analyzed individual fecal samples from 3 longitudinal metagenomic DNA sequencing data sets for genes encoding Bacteroidales-specific antimicrobial proteins (BSAP) that have functions to restrict species specific replication of Bacteroides uniformis (BSAP-2) or Bacteroides vulgatus (BSAP-3). Individuals had B. vulgatus or B. uniformis sub strains with either complete or deleted BSAP gene patterns that did not change over time, indicating an origin from a stable sub strain reservoir. In most individuals, the BSAP phenotype and gene pattern recovered after single or multiple antibiotics was the same as the pre antibiotic strain. In some individuals, strain change following antibiotics correlated with the presence of the BSAP positive phenotype. Our studies demonstrate the dominant fecal Bacteroides strain contains a defined BSAP phenotype that can influence the selection from the gut ecosystem sub strain reservoir.
Targeting Hypertension in a Low-Income, Uninsured Population Through a Self-Management Program
Authors: Stock Eleanor Louise
Published: June 2022

PurposeSelf-management is a crucial skill for optimal management of chronic health conditions such as hypertension. Low-income and uninsured individuals are especially vulnerable to the risks and complications associated with hypertension. Self-management programs have demonstrated positive results for management of chronic health conditions. This volunteer clinic for the medically underserved in Central Florida does not have an established protocol for hypertension management. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to pilot a hypertension self-management program with the primary goal of improving blood pressure.Project DesignThis was a pilot project to determine the effectiveness of a hypertension self-management program in a low-income, uninsured population.MethodSeven eligible participants participated in a 12-week hypertension self-management program. The self-management program consisted of individual sessions focused on education, self-monitoring, and support. The program included three face-to-face appointments and two follow-up phone calls.ResultsOn average participants’ systolic blood pressures decreased by 9.14 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 6.14 mmHg. Self-management assessment scores increased in every participant, and 86% of participants had a reduction in weight and body mass index. Attendance at scheduled appointments was 100%, and home blood pressure log completeness was 75.98% for twice a day monitoring, 84.18% for once-a day monitoring.ConclusionThis hypertension self-management program demonstrated positive outcomes in a short period of time. It is a low-cost and feasible option for this volunteer medical clinic for the medically underserved.
Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide for the treatment of Macular Edema Associated with Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ali Boushra , Alhalabi Nawras , Azmeh Arwa
Published: June 2022

Background: Intravitreal administration of therapeutic agents for the management of Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) associated Macular Edema (ME) is still hindered by adverse events. Delivery of therapeutics into the Suprachoroidal space provides a novel promising approach. we aim to study of the efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) using a microinjector as a mono treatment of ME due to RVO.Methods: This trial included 16 eyes of 16 patients with RVO associated ME presenting to the department of ophthalmology, Almouwasat university hospital, Syria. 4 mg of preserved TA was injected suprachoroidally 4 mm away from the inferotemporal limbus using a patient-customized microinjector. After injection, patients were followed after 1 week then monthly for 3 months.Primary outcome measures included the percentage of participants with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain≥ 15 letters and increased intraocular pressure (IOP)≥ 20 mmHg in months 1,2, and 3, secondary measures included mean change from baseline BCVA, central subfield thickness (CST), and IOP through each of the follow-up points in addition to other measures.Results: After injection, BCVA gain≥15 letters occurred in 68.7%, 62.5%, 50%, 50% of patients at week 1 and through months 1,2 and 3 respectively, the mean BCVA improved significantly by 16.4, 16, 14.4, and 11.9 letters (p-value<0.0005) at week 1 and months 1,2 and 3 respectively. This visual gain was associated with significant reduction of CST by 290.94±181.76 (week-1) (p-value<0.0005), 274.31±184.60 (month-1) (p-value<0.0005), 183.50±165.61 (month-2) (p-value=0.006) and 137,75±156.25 microns (month-3) (p-value=0.038). We reported one case of increased IOP ≥ 20 mmHg in the first month that decreased in the second month. The mean change of IOP readings was not statistically significant, with an increase ranging from 0.75 mmHg after the first week (p-value=0.09) and 0.5 mmHg after 3 months (p-value=0.72).Conclusion: This study suggests that suprachoroidal TA could be well tolerated and efficacious as a mono-treatment of RVO associated ME. Future clinical trials are required to confirm its longer-term safety and efficacy and to compare this efficacy with the other therapeutic options.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05038072) on September 8, 2021.
Correlations between heavy metals and chronic diarrhea and constipation in US adults
Authors: Xie Minhua , Lei Xia
Published: June 2022

Background
Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium are closely related to human health. However, their correlations with chronic constipation and diarrhea have not been systematically studied.
Aims
To evaluate the associations between the blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury with chronic constipation and diarrhea.
Methods
First, we collected and analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2009–2010) dataset from the USA. Then, we evaluated the associations between heavy metals and chronic diarrhea and constipation using the survey generalized linear model (SVYGLM), and the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Finally, we used restricted cubic splines (RCS) models to determine the dose-response relationship between heavy metals and the prevalence of chronic diarrhea and constipation.
Results
The blood levels of cadmium were positively correlated with chronic diarrhea [p = 0.002, odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.54] and the blood levels of lead were negatively correlated with chronic constipation (p = 0.01, OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95) by the SVYGLM. Based on the WQS regression, the blood levels of cadmium were positively correlated with chronic diarrhea (p = 0.008, OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39), the blood levels of lead were negatively correlated with chronic constipation (p = 0.016, OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98), and the levels of mercury were negatively correlated with chronic constipation (p = 0.008, OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98). Morever, a linear dose-response association was detected between the blood concentration of cadmium and the prevalence of chronic diarrhea (nonlinearity p = 0.51). Additionally, a non-linear dose-response association was detected between blood concentration of lead and the prevalence of chronic constipation (nonlinearity p = 0.002).
Conclusion
The blood levels of cadmium were positively associated with chronic diarrhea, and the blood levels of lead and mercury were inversely associated with chronic constipation.
Implementation and Design of Secure Business Process Models Based on Organisational Goals
Authors: Patrick Adeel
Published: June 2022

Business processes are essential instruments used for the coordination of organisational activities in order to produce value in the form of products and services. Information security is an important non-functional characteristic of business processes due to the involvement of sensitive data exchanged between their participants. Therefore, potential security shortfalls can severely impact organisational reputation, customer trust and cause compliance issues. Nevertheless, despite its importance, security is often considered as a technical concern and treated as an afterthought during the design of information systems and the business processes which they support. The consideration of security during the early design stages of information systems is highly beneficial. Goal-oriented security requirements engineering ap- proaches can contribute to the early elicitation of system requirements at a high level of abstraction and capture the organisational context and rationale behind design choices. Aligning such requirements with process activities at the operational level augments the traceability between system models of different abstraction levels and leads to more robust and context-aware operationalisations of security. Therefore, there needs to be a well-defined and verifiable interconnection between a system’s security requirements and its business process models. This work introduces a framework for the design of secure business process models. It uses security-oriented goal models as its starting point to capture a socio-technical view of the system to-be and its security requirements during its early design stages. Concept mappings and model transformation rules are also introduced as a structured way of extracting business process skeletons from such goal models, in order to facilitate the alignment between the two different levels of abstraction. The extracted business process skeletons, are refined to complete business process models through the use of a set of security patterns, which standardise proven solutions to recurring security problems. Finally, the framework also offers security verification capabilities of the produced process models through the introduction of security-related attributes and model checking algorithms. Evaluation of this work is performed: (i) through individual evaluation of its components via their application in real-life systems, (ii) a workshop-based modelling exercise where participants used and evaluated parts of the framework and (iii) a case study from the public administration domain where the overall framework was applied in cooperation with stakeholders of the studied system. The evaluation indicated that the developed framework provides a structured approach which supports stakeholders in designing and evaluating secure business process models.
Quality of life in the cirrhosis registry during the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown in Slovakia
Authors: Skladaný Ľubomír , Líška Dávid , Liptáková Erika , Tapajčiková Tatiana , Vnenčaková Janka , Koller Tomáš
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is associated with a poor quality of life (QOL). The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has led to several restriction measures and psychosocial consequences whose impact on QOL has combined with that of cirrhosis in an unknown way. Therefore, we have used our cirrhosis registry to assess quality of life before the pandemic (at the first admission to the tertiary liver unit) and during the most pronounced phase of the first lockdown. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted during the first lockdown in Slovakia (from April to May 2020), we have repeated the QOL measurement of QOL in cirrhotic patients previously enrolled in the RH7 registry. Of the entire RH7 cohort, we have identified patients who were alive (according to the national registry of deaths) and contacted them by phone with a structured and standardized interview led by trained professionals. The tool used for both QOL measurements (at enrolment to RH7 and during the lockdown) was standardized and validated EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Results: The study included 97 patients, of which 37 (38.1%) were women and 60 (61.9%) were men. Responses were achieved from 75 patients (68,18%). In general, patients have scored their quality of life significantly higher during the pandemic compared to examination at admission to RH7 (that is, on admission to our tertiary liver unit with cirrhosis) (p = 0.005). In particular, of the domains included in EQ-5D, I.) self-care was better during lockdown compared to the first record on admission to RH7 (p<0.001); II.) the ability to perform daily activities has also improved during lockdown (p = 0.002); on the other hand, III.) pain and discomfort have not changed significantly during lockdown compared with previous measurement (p = 0.882), IV.) anxiety and depression were lower during lockdown compared to admission to RH7 (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis was better during the lockdown of SARS-CoV-2 compared to the previous measurement at admission to the tertiary liver unit.
Time Outdoors Positively Associates with Academic Performance: A School-based Study with Objective Monitoring of Outdoor Time
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Sankaridurg Padmaja , Naduvilath Thomas , Li Wayne , Morgan Ian G. , Rose Kathryn A. , GD Rebecca Weng , Xu Xun , He Xiangui
Published: June 2022

Background
To explore the relationship between outdoor time and academic performance among school-aged children.
Methods
This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Data were derived from a school-based prospective children myopia intervention study (STORM). Outdoor time was recorded by self-developed algorithm-validated wristwatches in real-time and calculated as the cumulative average of 10 months. The academic performance was recorded and provided by the participating schools and further standardized. Other information was collected using an online standardized questionnaire. Mixed-effects model and B-Spline method were used to investigate the association between time spent on different types of daily activity, including outdoor activity and academic performance.
Results
A total of 3291 children with mean age 9.25 years were included in the final analysis. Overall, outdoor time was associated with academic performance in a non-linear manner; specifically, not exceeding 2.3 hours per day, outdoor time was positively associated with academic performance; exceeding 2.3 hours per day, this association became non-significant. Likewise, daily sleep duration and out-of-school learning time were associated with academic performance in a non-linear manner, resulting in turning points of 11.3 and 1.4 hours per day, respectively. Separate analysis showed that outdoor time and sleep duration but not out-of-school learning time were positively associated with academic performance in Chinese, mathematics and English.
Conclusion
Outdoor time, sleep duration and out-of-school learning time were associated with academic performance in a non-linear manner. Promotion of outdoor time may not negatively impact on academic performance.
An evaluation of the spatial rationality of provincial territory: A case study of Gansu province
Authors: Wang Jinxiang , Liu Hao , Liu Panliang , Chang Guohua
Published: June 2022

In China, utilization and evaluation of territorial space have become national strategic issues. Evaluating the rationality of urban, ecological, and agricultural space is significant in the development of territorial space and provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of provincial territorial space. The strategic positioning of Gansu Province as a national ecological environment safety barrier is significant to the protection of the ecological environment of northwest China. This study used the entropy method to evaluate the rationality of territorial space development in 14 cities in Gansu Province in 2019, using 50 indicators of urban, ecological, and agricultural space. Results reveal that in the evaluation of these three spaces, the most important influencing indicators are water supply penetration rate, proportion of desert area, and proportion of agricultural population, respectively. In the total evaluation of territorial space rationality, Qingyang City was the best. In Gansu, cities with the best territorial spatial conditions are concentrated in the east, whereas those with poor territorial spatial environmental security are located in central Gansu and the Hexi Corridor. Collectively, these findings suggest the equity and rationality of urban, ecological, and agricultural space in territorial space should be considered in urban planning strategies.
Pulse electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) analysis on a quantum computer
Authors: Protasov S. I. , Zaripov R. B. , Khairutdinov I. T. , Salikhov K. M.
Published: June 2022

Quantum processing units (QPU) in theory propose a computational supremacy in a significant number of tasks. Quantum programs are well suited for vector and matrix data processing. The greatest concern is whether physical implementations will step over the noise and decoherence limitations: today in the NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) era the bigger the problem, the less reliable the results are. In this work we show that even NISQ computers can be used to obtain reliable results in processing experimental data. We perform quantum Fourier transform (QFT) of PELDOR oscillation at IonQ trapped ion QPU followed by spin labels distance measurement by analysis of oscillation data. For 4 and 5-qubit programs we show the results comparable to Fourier analysis on a classical computer.
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections induce somatically hypermutated broadly neutralizing antibodies against heterologous variants
Authors: Xiong Xiaoli , Yu Haisheng , Wang Yaping , Shi Jingrong , Feng Chengqian , Tang Guofang , Li Jiaojiao , Hu Fengyu , Guo Liliangzi , Li Feng , Tang Xiaoping , Liu Banghui , Chen Qiuluan , Li Zimu , Su Mengzhen , Yan Qihong , Chen Xinwen , Pei Rongjuan , ZHANG Yudi , Wang Qian , HU Peiyu , Zheng Pingqian , Chen Ling , Gao Xijie , He Jun , Xiang Haitao , Xie Caixia , Shi Quan , Liu Longqi , Liu Xiaopan , Lin Xiumei , Liu Chuanyu , Huang Yalin , Yang Naibo , Wang Meiniang , Peng Xiaofang , Liang Dan , Ke Bixia , Ke Changwen
Published: June 2022

Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants feature highly mutated spike proteins with extraordinary abilities in evading acute-infection-induced germline antibodies isolated earlier in the pandemic. We identified that memory B cells from Delta variant breakthrough-infection patients expressed antibodies with more extensive somatic hypermutations (SHMs) allowing isolation of a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies with activities against heterologous variants of concerns (VOCs) including Omicron variant. Structural studies identified that SHM introduced altered amino acids and highly unusual HCDR2 insertions respectively in two representative broadly neutralizing antibodies - YB9-258 and YB13-292. Previously, insertion/deletion were rarely reported for antiviral antibodies except for those induced by HIV-1 chronic infections. Identified SHMs involved heavily in epitope recognition, they broadened neutralization breadth by rendering antibodies resistant to VOC mutations highly detrimental to previously isolated antibodies targeting similar epitopes. These data provide molecular mechanisms for enhanced immunity to heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variants after repeated antigen exposures with implications for future vaccination strategy.
Fitted Computational Method for Solving Singularly Perturbed Small Time Lag Problem
Authors: Tesfaye Sisay Ketema , Woldaregay Mesfin Mekuria , Dinka Tekle Gemechu , Duressa Gemechis File
Published: June 2022

Objectives: An accurate exponential fitted numerical method is developed to solve singularly perturbed time lag problem. Solution of the problem exhibits a boundary layer as the perturbation parameter approach to zero. A priori bounds and properties on the continuous solution is discussed. Result: The backward-Euler method is applied in time direction and higher order finite difference method is employed to the spatial derivative approximation. An exponential fitting factor is induced on the difference scheme for stabilizing the computed solution. Using comparison principle, stability of the method is examined and analyzed. It is proved that the method converges uniformly with linear order of convergence both in space and time. To validate theoretical findings of the scheme, two test examples are given. Comparison is employed with the result available in the literature and it indicates that the proposed method has better accuracy than the schemes in literature.
Increasing Sequential Tropical Cyclone Hazards from Historical to Future Climates in the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning , Gori Avantika
Published: June 2022

Sequential landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) pose great risks to coastal areas. Here we find that the chance of two hazard-producing TCs occurring within 15 days has been increasing at some U.S. locations (e.g., the probability doubled over the past 7 decades for Sandy Hook, NJ). We show that under the high emission scenario SSP5 8.5, the return period of two hazard-producing TCs impacting the same location within 15 days may decrease over the century by 80%-94% along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts, due mainly to sea-level rise and rainfall intensification. Climate change can also cause unprecedented spatial compounding of extreme hazards. A Katrina-like TC and a Harvey-like TC impacting the U.S, within 15 days, which is non-existent in the control simulation for over a thousand years, is projected to have an annual occurrence probability greater than 1% by the end of the century under the high emission scenario.
Study of Elastic and Dielectric Properties of Nb2O5 doped Nanocrystalline NiCuZn Spinel Ferrite
Authors: Patil A D , Hogade Vilas S , Desai S S , Jadhav Santosh S. , Patange Sunil Mukundrao
Published: June 2022

The influence of Nb2O5 additive (0 − 5 wt. %) on elastic and dielectric properties of Ni0.4Cu0.3 Zn0.3 Fe2O4 ferrite synthesized by the sol–gel method was studied in the present study. The longitudinal and shear wave velocities were measured by ultrasonic pulse transmission method. The elastic constants increased as the Nb2O5 contents increased. LCR-Q meter was used to study the dielectric properties in 50 Hz to 5 MHz frequency range. The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant (ɛ′) and dielectric loss tangents were decreased with increased frequency and Nb2O5 additive composition for all investigated samples at room temperature revealing normal dielectric behavior of ferrites. The variations in the dielectric constant (ɛ′) and dielectric loss tangents values were explained using Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization according to Koops phenomenological theory. Also, there is increase in the AC conductivity was increased with an increase in the frequency whereas reduction in AC conductivity with the rise in concentration of Nb2O5 additive.
CD4+ T cell-induced inflammatory killing controls immune evasive tumours
Authors: Tüting Thomas , Kruse Bastian , Buzzai Anthony , Shridhar Naveen , Braun Andreas , Gellert Susan , Knauth Kristin , Peters Johannes , Ruotsalainen Janne , Mengoni Miriam , Sluis Tetje van der , Krone Anna , Yu Di , Höhn Simon , Fu Yan , Essand Magnus , Geffers Robert , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Kahlfuß Sascha , Kashkar Hamid , Gaffal Evelyn , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Müller Andreas
Published: June 2022

Current clinically applied cancer immunotherapies largely focus on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T-cells to directly recognise and kill tumour cells1–3. These strategies are limited by the emergence of MHC-I-deficient or IFN-unresponsive tumour cells and the development of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment4–6. CD4+ effector T-cells can contribute to tumour immune defence independent of CD8+ T-cells. However, the potential and the mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity are incompletely understood7–12. Here, we show how an indirect CD4+ T-cell-mediated mode of action, that is fundamentally different from CD8+ T-cells, enables the eradication of tumours that would otherwise escape direct T-cell targeting. CD4+ effector T-cells preferentially cluster at tumour invasive margins where they engage in antigen-specific interactions with MHC-II+CD11c+ cells, while CD8+ T-cells briskly infiltrate tumour tissues. CD4+ T-cells and innate immune stimulation reprogram the tumour-associated inflammatory monocyte network towards IFN-activated antigen-presenting and tumouricidal effector phenotypes. This results in an amplification loop driving the release of T-cell-derived IFNγ and myeloid cell-derived nitric oxide which cooperatively induce apoptotic death of MHC-deficient and IFN-unresponsive tumour cells that escape cytolytic CD8+ T-cell therapy. Exploiting the ability of CD4+ T-cells to orchestrate indirect inflammatory killing of tumour cells complements the direct cytolytic activity of T-cells to advance cancer immunotherapies.
The effect of inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL on DNA damage response in ovarian cancer
Authors: Huang Ruby Yun-Ju , Yeo Xun Hui , Wu Zhengwei , Phua Cheryl , Ho Yin Ying , Peh Kai Lay Esther , Chiu Yi-Chia , Kappei Dennis , Ho Ying Swan , Tam Wai Leong
Published: June 2022

AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is often overexpressed in cancers. It contributes to pathophysiology in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, making it an emerging therapeutic target. The first-in-class AXL inhibitor bemcentinib (R428/BGB324) was approved for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and was also reported to show selective sensitivity towards ovarian cancers (OC) with a Mesenchymal molecular subtype. In this study, we further explored AXL’s role in mediating DNA damage responses by using OC as a disease model. AXL inhibition using R428 resulted in the increase of DNA damage with the concurrent upregulation of DNA damage response signalling molecules. Furthermore, AXL inhibition rendered cells more sensitive to the inhibition of ATR, a crucial mediator for replication stress. Combinatory use of AXL and ATR inhibitors showed additive effects in OC. Through SILAC co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, we identified a novel binding partner of AXL, SAM68, whose loss in OC cells harboured phenotypes in DNA damage responses similar to AXL inhibition. In addition, AXL- and SAM68-deficiency or R428 treatment induced elevated levels of cholesterol and upregulated genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. There might be a novel protective role of cholesterol in shielding cancer cells against DNA damage induced by AXL inhibition or SMA68 deficiency.
Is ADHD warning justified? A follow-up clinical practice study in a Spanish sample
Authors: Suárez M. Eugenia de la Viuda , Lorenzo Julio Cesar Alonso , Soriano Carmen Luciano
Published: June 2022

Background
ADHD is described as a chronic condition with associated social, academic, and mental risks. The present work analyses the current clinical state, occupation, and daily life interference of children detected with ADHD symptoms in two cohorts (2004 and 2009).
Methods
134 clinical subjects with ADHD diagnosis detected in 2004 or 2009, were asked to run voluntary interviews. Ninety-four (94) cases answered questions about their current clinical and occupational statement, symptoms (SNAP-IV), and difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire).
Results
60.70% of the sample has no current treatment. Rates for inattention and hyperactive/impulsivity symptoms subsets went down. A total of 66.2% shows current difficulties but with a moderate interference in their daily life. The working/academic dimension is the most affected sphere in terms of impairment.
Conclusions
hyperactive/impulsivity subset and global ADHD rates go down as people grow up. Even if patients retain some difficulties, these are not serious enough for forcing them into clinical treatment. Main points in Public Health Significance are the followings: (a) these results question ADHD chronicity and higher risk of mental conditions in adulthood. Hyperactive and impulsivity, inattention, and global ADHD symptoms remain in one-third of the sample after 5 or 10 years after the diagnosis, (b) the higher risk of mental disorders and academic failure should be also questioned as most of the sample did not receive any treatment for a psychological condition after 5 or 10 years of ADHD diagnosis and most of them had a productive occupation at the follow-up moment, (c) ADHD rates are were higher when they are assessed by a relative caregiver. This might be linked with a possible cultural “psychopathologization” of childhood.
Nonstationarity in global hydrological systems: Evidence-based on GRACE satellite gravimetry missions
Authors: Hasan Emad , Tamisiea Mark , Save Himanshu , Bettadpur Srinivas
Published: June 2022

Anthropogenic climate change signature has been detected in several Earth’s systems as a manifestation of the warming atmosphere and oceans that led to significant changes in the global water cycle. As a result, the hydrological systems display substantial and intermittent shifts in their natural courses with time-variant intra-annual and interannual variability, i.e., nonstationarity. Via GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE-FO satellite gravimetry records, we assessed the regional stationarity across 39 hotspot hydrological systems in a global context. Three main nonstationarity tests were applied around the deterministic and periodic components. Distinctively, 38 percent of the tested hotspot regions are identified as nonstationary systems, where a combination of anthropogenic and climatic forcings is dominant. The nonstationary hydrologic systems would be more susceptible to hydrologic extremes with compromised capacities to timely cope, respond, and mitigate. Continuation of satellite gravity missions is crucial to evaluate the (non)stationary status in global hydrologic systems.
Genetic propensity, socioeconomic status, and trajectories of depression over a course of 14 years in older adults
Authors: Kosciuszko Martyna , Steptoe Andrew , Ajnakina Olesya
Published: June 2022

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease among older adults. Therefore, the aims of the study were to investigate the interplay between socio-economic markers (education and financial resources) and polygenetic predisposition influencing individual differences in depressive symptoms and their change over time in older adults from the general population, which is of central relevance for preventative strategies. The sample encompassing n = 6202 adults aged ≥ 50 years old with a follow-up period of 14 years was utilised from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Polygenic scores for depressive symptoms were calculated using summary statistics for 1) a single-trait depressive symptoms (PGS-DSsingle), and 2) a multi-trait including depressive symptoms, subjective well-being, neuroticism, loneliness, and self-rated health (PGS-DSmulti-trait). The depressive symptoms over the past week were measured using the eight-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. One standard deviation increase in each PGS was associated with a higher baseline score in depressive symptoms. Each additional year of completed schooling was associated with lower baseline depression symptoms (β=-0.06, 95%CI=-0.07 to -0.05, p < 0.001); intermediate and lower accumulated wealth were associated with a higher baseline score in depressive symptoms. Although there was a weak interaction effect between PGS-DSs, and socio-economic status in association with the baseline depressive symptoms, there were no significant relationships of PGS-DSs, socio-economic factors, and rate of change in the depressive symptoms during the 14-year follow-up period. Common genetic variants for depressive symptoms are associated with a greater number of depressive symptoms onset but not with their rate of change in the following 14 years. Lower socio-economic status is an important factor influencing individual levels of depressive symptoms, independently from polygenic predisposition to depressive symptoms.
Trem2 deficiency impairs recovery and phagocytosis by dysregulating myeloid gene expression during virus induced demyelination
Authors: Hwang Mihyun , Savarin Carine , Kim Jihye , Powers Jennifer , Towne Natasha , Bergmann Cornelia C.
Published: June 2022

Background
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) plays a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. By contrast, Trem2 functions can exacerbate tissue damage during respiratory viral or liver infections. We therefore investigated the role of Trem2 in a viral encephalomyelitis model associated with prominent Th1 mediated antiviral immunity leading to demyelination.
Method
Wild type (WT) and Trem2−/− mice were infected with a sublethal glia tropic murine coronavirus (MHV-JHM) intracranially. Disease progression and survival were monitored daily. leukocyte accumulation and pathological features including demyelination and axonal damage in spinal cords (SC) were determined by flow cytometry and tissue section immunofluorescence analysis. Expression of select inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was measured by RT-PCR and global myeloid cell gene expression in SC-derived microglia and infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were determined using the Nanostring nCounter platform.
Results
BMDM recruited to SCs in response to infection highly upregulated Trem2 mRNA compared to microglia coincident with viral control. Trem2 deficiency did not alter disease onset or severity, but impaired clinical recovery after onset of demyelination. Disease progression in Trem2−/− mice could not be attributed to altered virus control or a dysregulated inflammatory response. A prominent difference was increased degenerated myelin not associated with the myeloid cell markers IBA1 and/or CD68. Gene expression profiles of SC-derived microglia and BMDM further revealed that Trem2 deficiency resulted in impaired upregulation of phagocytosis associated genes Lpl and Cd36 in microglia, but a more complex pattern in BMDM.
Conclusions
Trem2 deficiency during viral induced demyelination dysregulates expression of other select genes regulating phagocytic pathways and lipid metabolism, with distinct effects on microglia and BMDM. The ultimate failure to remove damaged myelin is reminiscent of other demyelination models and supports that Trem2 function is mainly regulated by sensing a dysregulated lipid environment, independent of the initial insult or the inflammatory milieu.
Condyloderes chidiyatapuensis sp. nov. (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida, Centroderidae) from off Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Authors: Anand Arunima , PM Mohan
Published: June 2022

One new Kinorhyncha species, Condyloderes chidiyatapuensis sp. nov., is described in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The same genus was reported fifty years ago in India. This species was identified based on specific characteristics such as cuspidate spines in segment 2,4,8,9, a pair of the laterodorsal spine in the 10th segment in the male specimen, the presence of lateral accessory spine on segment 8, ventromedial sensory spots and smaller mid-terminal spine. Similarly, the largest segment (9th segment) also has a cuspidate spine, which is unique in this species.
GATA6 impairs pancreatic cancer cells stemness by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Peng Yi , Gong Weiqi
Published: June 2022

Background: Cancer cells' stem cell capabilities are thought to have a role in the beginning and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The Wnt/β -catenin signalling pathway is an important regulator of cancer cell stemness.Methods: In this article, through a small range of genetic screening, we found GATA Binding Protein 6 (GATA6), It belongs to a family of transcription factors that attach to the (A/T)GATA(A/G) consensus pattern to stimulate or repress gene expression. It was discovered to be overexpressed in certain PDAC patients with a good prognosis. The biological activities of GATA6 in pancreatic cancer, however, are unknown. In current investigations, we used western blotting assays, qPCR assays, Dual-luciferase reporter assays and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in combination with various cytological experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.Results: Overexpression of GATA6 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell development both in vitro & in vivo by affecting stemness & downregulating the expression of stemness-related markers CD133, ALDH, CD44, & SOX-9, according to the findings. GATA6 upregulates the expression of stemness-related genes by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signalling & suppressing β-catenin nuclear translocation.Conclusion: GATA6 inhibits the stemness features of PDAC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, according to this study. As a result, it might be a viable therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
Aggressive Driving, Rule-Breaking, and Driver Stress in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Authors: Dorantes-Argandar Gabriel , Barrales-Díaz Claudio Rodolfo , Ferrero-Pastor Elia Sigrid , Madrigal-Arroyo Minor David , Maegli-Quezada María Andrée , Marroquín-Gracias Lía Pamela , Tortosa-Pérez Macarena , Villalobos-Ruano Paola Alejandra
Published: June 2022

Driver stress is a phenomenon many have studied in all five continents. It has been the focus of curiosity for all sorts of disciplines, and science has been unable to curb it, much less park it. Driver Stress, Road Aggression and Road Rule-Breaking are crucial elements in traffic psychology. Those who do not respect the rules are a major factor in increased risk and major traffic accidents. Little work has been done in how these phenomena behave in Spanish-speaking countries, much less the development of useful instruments to evaluate them. This study aims to generate two unique scales that can be used in Spanish speaking countries regardless of culture or geography, as well as determining the influence Driver Stress has on Driver Aggression and Rule-Breaking. A sample of 1827 drivers from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Chile and Spain was comprised. Through this paper, a small yet significant relationship was found between Driver Stress, Driver Aggression, and Driver Rule-Breaking. This suggests that personality factors are at play in these relationships in Spanish-speaking countries, and that these variables are an important factor in how drivers behave. This study also delivers two useful tools for evaluating Driver Aggression (LatinCAT) and Driver Rule-Breaking (LatinDANT) that have excellent construct validity for further research in Spanish-speaking countries.