bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitophagy: A promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection during ageing and age‐related diseases
Authors: Mishra Ela , Thakur Mahendra Kumar
Published: February 2023

Mitochondria and mitochondria‐mediated signalling pathways are known to control synaptic signalling, as well as long‐lasting changes in neuronal structure and function. Mitochondrial impairment is linked to synaptic dysfunction in normal ageing and age‐associated neurodegenerative ailments, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both proteolysis and mitophagy perform a major role in neuroprotection, by maintaining a healthy mitochondrial population during ageing. Mitophagy, a highly evolutionarily conserved cellular process, helps in the clearance of damaged mitochondria and thereby maintains the mitochondrial and metabolic balance, energy supply, neuronal survival and neuronal health. Besides the maintenance of brain homeostasis, hippocampal mitophagy also helps in synapse formation, axonal development, dopamine release and long‐term depression. In contrast, defective mitophagy contributes to ageing and age‐related neurodegeneration by promoting the accumulation of damaged mitochondria leading to cellular dysfunction. Exercise, stress management, maintaining healthy mitochondrial dynamics and administering natural or synthetic pharmacological compounds are some of the strategies used for neuroprotection during ageing and age‐related neurological diseases. The current review discusses the impact of defective mitophagy in ageing and age‐associated neurodegenerative conditions, the underlying molecular pathways and potential therapies based on recently elucidated mitophagy‐inducing strategies.
The burden of mental and behavioral health visits to the pediatric ED: A 3‐year tertiary care center experience
Authors: Manuel Matthias M. , Yen Kenneth , Feng Sing‐Yi , Patel Faisalmohemed
Published: February 2023

Background

The shortage of mental health services across the United States has turned pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) into safety‐nets for the increasing population of children with mental and behavioral health (MBH) needs. This study provides a descriptive characterization of MBH‐related PED visits, the trends in visit, ED length of stay (EDLOS), and admission rate.

Methods

We reviewed electronic health records of children ≤18 years with MBH needs, who visited the PED of a large tertiary hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. We performed descriptive statistics, chi‐square (χ2), and logistic regression analyses to evaluate trend in visit, EDLOS, admission rate, and predictors of prolonged EDLOS and inpatient admission.

Results

Of 10,167 patients, 58.4% were females, median age was 13.8 years, and 86.1% were adolescents. On average, visits increased by 19.7% annually, with a 43.3% increase over 3 years. Common ED diagnoses include, suicidality (56.2%), depression (33.5%), overdose/poisoning, and substance use (18.8%), and agitation/aggression (10.7%). Median EDLOS was 5.3 hr, average admission rate was 26.3%, with 20.7% boarding in the ED for >10 hr. Independent predictors of admission include depression (pOR: 1.5, CI: 1.3–1.7), bipolar disorder (pOR: 3.5, CI: 2.4–5.1), overdose/substance use disorder (pOR: 4.7, CI: 4.0–5.6), psychosis (pOR: 3.3, CI: 1.5–7.3), agitation/aggression (pOR: 1.8, CI: 1.5–2.1), and ADHD (pOR: 2.5, CI: 2.0–3.0). Principal independent driver of prolonged EDLOS was patient admission/transfer status (pOR: 5.3, CI: 4.6–6.1).

Conclusions

Given the study results, MBH‐related PED visits, ED length‐of‐stay, and admission rates continue to rise even in recent years. PEDs lack the resources and capability to provide high‐quality care for the increasing population of children with MBH needs. Novel collaborative approaches and strategies are urgently needed to find lasting solutions.
Clinical utility of genomic profiling of AML using paraffin‐embedded bone marrow clots: HM‐SCREEN‐Japan 01
Authors: Hosono Naoko , Chi SungGi , Yamauchi Takahiro , Fukushima Kentaro , Shibayama Hirohiko , Katagiri Seiichiro , Gotoh Akihiko , Eguchi Motoki , Morishita Takanobu , Ogasawara Reiki , Kondo Takeshi , Yanada Masamitsu , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Kuroda Junya , Usuki Kensuke , Utsu Yoshikazu , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Ishitsuka Kenji , Ono Takaaki , Takahashi Naoto , Iyama Satoshi , Kojima Kensuke , Nakamura Yukinori , Fukuhara Suguru , Izutsu Koji , Abutani Hikaru , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Yuda Junichiro , Minami Yosuke ,   All HM‐SCREEN‐Japan 01 Investigators
Published: February 2023

Next‐generation sequencing of AML has identified specific genetic mutations in AML patients. Hematologic Malignancies (HM)‐SCREEN‐Japan 01 is a multicenter study to detect actionable mutations using paraffin‐embedded bone marrow (BM) clot specimens rather than BM fluid in AML patients for whom standard treatment has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of potentially therapeutic target gene mutations in patients with newly diagnosed unfit AML and relapsed/refractory AML (R/R‐AML) using BM clot specimens. In this study, 188 patients were enrolled and targeted sequencing was undertaken on DNA from 437 genes and RNA from 265 genes. High‐quality DNA and RNA were obtained using BM clot specimens, with genetic alterations successfully detected in 177 patients (97.3%), and fusion transcripts in 41 patients (23.2%). The median turnaround time was 13 days. In the detection of fusion genes, not only common fusion products such as RUNX1‐RUX1T1 and KMT2A rearrangements, but also NUP98 rearrangements and rare fusion genes were observed. Among 177 patients (72 with unfit AML, 105 with R/R‐AML), mutations in KIT and WT1 were independent factors for overall survival (hazard ratio = 12.6 and 8.88, respectively), and patients with high variant allele frequency (≥40%) of TP53 mutations had a poor prognosis. As for the detection of actionable mutations, 38% (n = 69) of patients had useful genetic mutation (FLT3‐ITD/TKD, IDH1/2, and DNMT3AR822) for treatment selection. Comprehensive genomic profiling using paraffin‐embedded BM clot specimens successfully identified leukemic‐associated genes that can be used as therapeutic targets.
Accuracy of dental implant placement with or without the use of a dynamic navigation assisted system: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jorba‐García Adrià , Bara‐Casaus Jose Javier , Camps‐Font Octavi , Sánchez‐Garcés Maria Ángeles , Figueiredo Rui , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To assess dental implant placement accuracy with a dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) system and a freehand approach. Secondarily, to compare the patients' perception and quality of life (QoL) with the two approaches.

Methods

A double‐arm randomized clinical trial was conducted. Consecutive partially edentulous patients were randomly allocated to the dCAIS or standard freehand approach groups. Implant placement accuracy was evaluated by overlapping the preoperative and postoperative Cone Beam Computer Tomographs (CBCT) and recording linear deviations at the implant apex and platform (in mm) and angular deviations (in degrees). Questionnaires recorded self‐reported satisfaction, pain and QoL during surgery and postoperatively.

Results

Thirty patients (22 implants) were enrolled in each group. One patient was lost to follow‐up. A significant difference (p < .001) in mean angular deviation was found between the dCAIS (4.02°; 95% CI: 2.85 to 5.19) and the FH (7.97°; 95% CI: 5.36 to 10.58) groups. Linear deviations were significantly lower in the dCAIS group, except for the apex vertical deviation, where no differences were found. Although dCAIS took 14 min longer (95% CI: 6.43 to 21.24; p < .001), patients in both groups considered the surgical time acceptable. Postoperative pain and analgesic consumption during the first postoperative week were similar between groups and self‐reported satisfaction was very high.

Conclusion

dCAIS systems significantly increase the accuracy of implant placement in partially edentulous patients in comparison with the conventional freehand approach. However, they increase the surgical time significantly and do not seem to improve patient satisfaction or reduce postoperative pain.
The impact of the anastomotic configuration on low anterior resection syndrome 3 years after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a national cohort study
Authors: Sandberg Sofia , Bock David , Lydrup Marie‐Louise , Park Jennifer , Rutegård Martin , Angenete Eva
Published: February 2023

Aim

After low anterior resection, the bowel can be anastomosed in different ways. It is not clear which configuration is optimal from a functional and complication point of view. The primary aim was to investigate the impact of the anastomotic configuration on bowel function evaluated by the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Secondarily, the impact on postoperative complications was evaluated.

Method

All patients who had undergone low anterior resection from 2015 to 2017 were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Three years after surgery, patients were sent an extensive questionnaire and were analysed based on anastomotic configuration (‘J‐pouch/side‐to‐end anastomosis’ or ‘straight anastomosis’). Inverse probability weighting by propensity score was used to adjust for confounding factors.

Results

Among 892 patients, 574 (64%) responded, of whom 494 patients were analysed. After weighting, the anastomotic configuration had no significant impact on the LARS score (J‐pouch/side‐to‐end OR 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.34). The J‐pouch/side‐to‐end anastomosis was significantly associated with overall postoperative complications (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06–1.95). No significant difference was seen regarding surgical complications (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.78–1.66).

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating the impact of the anastomotic configuration on long‐term bowel function, evaluated by the LARS score, in an unselected national cohort. Our results suggested no benefit for J‐pouch/side‐to‐end anastomosis on long‐term bowel function and postoperative complication rates. The anastomotic strategy may be based upon the anatomical conditions of the patient and surgical preference.
Lactate trafficking inhibition restores sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors and orchestrates immuno‐microenvironment in multiple myeloma
Authors: Barbato Alessandro , Giallongo Cesarina , Giallongo Sebastiano , Romano Alessandra , Scandura Grazia , Concetta Saoca , Zuppelli Tatiana , Lolicato Marco , Lazzarino Giacomo , Parrinello Nunziatina , Del Fabro Vittorio , Fontana Paolo , Aguennoz M'hammed , Li Volti Giovanni , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Di Raimondo Francesco , Tibullo Daniele
Published: February 2023

Metabolic changes of malignant plasma cells (PCs) and adaptation to tumour microenvironment represent one of the hallmarks of multiple myeloma (MM). We previously showed that MM mesenchymal stromal cells are more glycolytic and produce more lactate than healthy counterpart. Hence, we aimed to explore the impact of high lactate concentration on metabolism of tumour PCs and its impact on the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Lactate concentration was performed by colorimetric assay on MM patient's sera. The metabolism of MM cell treated with lactate was assessed by seahorse and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Cytometry was used to evaluate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization. Lactate concentration resulted increased in MM patient's sera. Therefore, PCs were treated with lactate and we observed an increase of oxidative phosphorylation‐related genes, mROS and oxygen consumption rate. Lactate supplementation exhibited a significant reduction in cell proliferation and less responsive to PIs. These data were confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) by AZD3965 which was able to overcame metabolic protective effect of lactate against PIs. Consistently, high levels of circulating lactate caused expansion of Treg and monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells and such effect was significantly reduced by AZD3965. Overall, these findings showed that targeting lactate trafficking in TME inhibits metabolic rewiring of tumour PCs, lactate‐dependent immune evasion and thus improving therapy efficacy.
Prevalence of sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes and its association with comorbidities and diabetic complications: A French nationwide prospective study
Authors: Pépin Jean‐Louis , Bailly Sébastien , Texereau Joelle B. , Sonnet Emmanuel , Picard Sylvie , Vergès Bruno , Coffin Boutreux Christine , Arnault Ouary Gwenaelle , Kessler Laurence , Guerci Bruno , Anton Kuchly Brigitte , Fendri Gaied Salha , Cuperlier Alain , Voinot Christel , Derrien Christèle , Dubois Séverine , Lavergne Florent , Borel Anne Laure , Tamisier Renaud , Benhamou Pierre‐Yves
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate sleep apnoea prevalence, factors influencing severity, and associations between sleep apnoea severity and micro‐/macrovascular complications in a large population of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and methods

This French multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2016 and June 2020. Adults with type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump were eligible. Home care provider nurses collected demographic and clinical data and set up oximetry to determine the oxygen desaturation index (ODI). No, mild–moderate and severe sleep apnoea were defined as ODI <15 events/h, 15 to <30 events/h and ≥30 events/h, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with sleep apnoea, and associations between sleep apnoea severity and micro‐/macrovascular complications were determined using logistic regression.

Results

Of 769 participants, 12.4% and 3.4% had mild‐to‐moderate or severe sleep apnoea, respectively. Factors significantly associated with sleep apnoea on multivariate analysis were age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. After adjustment for age, sex and BMI, presence of severe sleep apnoea was significantly associated with macrovascular complications (odds ratio vs. no sleep apnoea: 3.96 [95% confidence interval 1.43‐11.11]; P < 0.01), while mild‐to‐moderate sleep apnoea was significantly associated with presence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2.09 [95% confidence interval 1.10‐3.74]; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Sleep apnoea is a significant comorbidity in patients with type 1 diabetes, especially with respect to diabetic complications. This highlights the need for sleep apnoea screening and management in these individuals.
Early onset anorexia nervosa: Multidisciplinary hospital intervention in a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Pruccoli Jacopo , Parmeggiani Antonia
Published: February 2023

Background

Early onset anorexia nervosa (EOAN) is a subclassification of AN, defined by an onset before 14 years, and characterized by specific demographic, neuropsychological, and clinical features. The present study aims to provide naturalistic data on a wide sample with EOAN, focusing on psychopathological and nutritional changes occurring in the context of a multidisciplinary hospital intervention, as well as the rate of rehospitalizations during a 1‐year follow‐up.

Method

Observational, naturalistic study adopting standardized criteria for EOAN (onset before 14 years). EOAN were compared to adolescent‐onset AN (AOAN) patients (onset after 14 years) by demographic, clinical, psycho and treatment variables. Psychopathology was assessed at admission (T0) and discharge (T1) with self‐administered psychiatric scales for children and adolescents (SAFA) subtests for Eating Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Somatic symptoms, and Obsessions. Then, potential differences of T0–T1 changes in psychopathological and nutritional variables were assessed. Finally, rates of re‐hospitalizations at 1‐year post‐discharge follow‐up were assessed with Kaplan–Meier analyses.

Results

Two‐hundred thirty‐eight AN individuals (EOAN = 85) were enrolled. When compared to AOAN, EOAN participants were more frequently males (X2 = 5.360, p = .021), more frequently received nasogastric‐tube feeding (X2 = 10.313, p = .001), and risperidone (X2 = 19.463, p < .001), obtained a greater T0‐T1 improvement in body‐mass index percentage (F[1.229] = 15.104, p < .001, η2 = 0.030), with higher 1‐year freedom from re‐hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.47; Log‐rank: X2 = 4.758, p = .029).

Conclusion

In this study, describing the broadest EOAN sample available in literature so far, EOAN patients received specific interventions and obtained better outcomes at discharge and follow‐up when compared to AOAN. Longitudinal, matched studies are required.
Conditional knockout of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in the enamel epithelium: Effects on enamel formation
Authors: Shin Masashi , Matsushima Aya , Kajiya Hiroshi , Okamoto Fujio , Ogata Kayoko , Oka Kyoko , Ohshima Hayato , Bartlett John D. , Okabe Koji
Published: February 2023

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a unique ion channel connected to a kinase domain. We previously demonstrated that Trpm7 expression is high in mouse ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and that amelogenesis is impaired in TRPM7 kinase‐dead mice. Here, we analyzed TRPM7 function during amelogenesis in Keratin 14‐Cre;Trpm7fl/fl conditional knockout (cKO) mice and Trpm7 knockdown cell lines. cKO mice showed lesser tooth pigmentation than control mice and broken incisor tips. Enamel calcification and microhardness were lower in cKO mice. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the calcium and phosphorus contents in the enamel were lower in cKO mouse than in control mice. The ameloblast layer in cKO mice showed ameloblast dysplasia at the maturation stage. The morphological defects were observed in rat SF2 cells with Trpm7 knockdown. Compared with mock transfectants, the Trpm7 knockdown cell lines showed lower levels of calcification with Alizarin Red‐positive staining and an impaired intercellular adhesion structures. These findings suggest that TRPM7 is a critical ion channel in enamel calcification for the effective morphogenesis of ameloblasts during amelogenesis.
Traumatic brain injury and relationship distress during military deployment and reunion
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Abendschein Bryan
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study seeks to advance the literature by disentangling the effects of deployment‐acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI) from comorbid postconcussive symptoms and PTSD symptoms on relationship distress.

Background

Because TBI poses challenges to military marriages, understanding the predictors of relationship distress after TBI is important for helping service members cope with the effects of the injury.

Method

Survey data from the U.S. Army STARRS Pre–Post Deployment Study, collected from 2,585 married service members before and after a combat deployment to Afghanistan, evaluated predictors of relationship distress 9 months after homecoming.

Results

Deployment‐acquired TBI corresponded with more relationship distress controlling for predeployment brain health, but its predictive power was eclipsed by concurrent postconcussive symptoms and concurrent PTSD symptoms. Concurrent PTSD symptoms accounted for twice as much variance in relationship distress than concurrent postconcussive symptoms.

Conclusion

Targeting and treating comorbid conditions may be essential for supporting military marriages after TBI.

Implications: Military command, policymakers, and medical professionals may find value in broadening support services for TBI to include resources addressing postconcussive symptoms, PTSD symptoms, and relationship distress.
Shrub and precipitation interactions shape functional diversity of nematode communities on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Anning , Chen Shuyan , Chen Jingwei , Cui Hanwen , Jiang Xiaoxuan , Xiao Sa , Wang Jiajia , Gao Haining , An Lizhe , Cardoso Pedro
Published: February 2023

Land use and climate change alter biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Land abandonment with consequent shrub encroachment and changes in precipitation gradients are known factors in global change. Yet, the consequences of interactions between these factors on the functional diversity of belowground communities remain insufficiently explored. Here, we investigated the dominant shrub effects on the functional diversity of soil nematode communities along a precipitation gradient on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We collected three functional traits (life‐history C–P value, body mass, and diet) and calculated the functional alpha and beta diversity of nematode communities using kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolumes. We found that shrubs did not significantly alter the functional richness and dispersion, but significantly decreased the functional beta diversity of nematode communities in a pattern of functional homogenization. Shrubs benefited nematodes with longer life‐history, larger body mass, and higher trophic levels. Moreover, the shrub effects on the functional diversity of nematodes depended strongly on precipitation. Increasing precipitation reversed the effects shrubs have on the functional richness and dispersion from negative to positive but amplified the negative effects shrubs have on functional beta diversity of nematodes. Benefactor shrubs had stronger effects on the functional alpha and beta diversity of nematodes than allelopathic shrubs along a precipitation gradient. A piecewise structural equation model showed that shrubs and its interactions with precipitation indirectly increased the functional richness and dispersion through plant biomass and soil total nitrogen, whereas it directly decreased the functional beta diversity. Our study reveals the expected changes in soil nematode functional diversity following shrub encroachment and precipitation, advancing our understanding of global climate change on nematode communities on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
REDUCING RECOMMENDATION INEQUALITY VIA TWO‐SIDED MATCHING: A FIELD EXPERIMENT OF ONLINE DATING
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ming , Hsieh Yu‐Wei , Lin Ming‐Jen
Published: February 2023

Leading dating platforms usually recommend only a small fraction of users based on users' popularity and similarity, leading to recommendation inequality. We use a stylized matching model from economics to modify existing algorithms to reduce inequality. We evaluate the proposed method through a large‐scale field experiment on a dating platform. Experiment results suggest that our recommender reduces inequality, improves predictive accuracy, and leads to substantially more matched couples than other competing algorithms.
Development and validation of two versions of the Nurse–Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness scale
Authors: Cilluffo Silvia , Bassola Barbara , Iovino Paolo , Lusignani Maura
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically test the Nurse–Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness (NPM‐CI) scale in two versions, one for nurses and one for patients.

Method

A multiphase methodological study was conducted. In the first phase, a qualitative investigation was conducted through interviews and an analysis of the content; inductively, the items of two instruments were generated, one for nurses and one for patients. In the second phase, the content and face validity were assessed through the expert consensus method. In the third phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha test, intraclass correlation and Pearson correlation coefficients were conducted to estimate construct, criterion validity and instrument reliability. For each phase, the sample included nurses and patients recruited from a large hospital in Northern Italy. Data collection was conducted between June and September 2021.

Results

Nurse and patient versions of the NPM‐CI scale were developed. Two rounds of consensus reduced the items from 39 to 20; content validity index ranged between 0.78 and 1, content validity ratio was 0.94. Face validity indicated clarity and comprehensibility of the items. EFA identified three latent factors for both the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alphas ranging between .80 and .90. Test–retest stability was suggested, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .96 (nurse scale) and .97 (patient scale). Predictive validity was established, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of .43 (nurse scale) and 0.55 (patient scale) between the mutuality scales and satisfaction in providing and receiving care.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the NPM‐CI scales are sufficiently valid and reliable for the clinical practice among chronic illness patients and the nurses caring for them. A more in‐depth exploration of this construct in the context of nursing and patient outcomes is warranted.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were involved in all study phases.

Impact

Mutuality is fundamental in the relationship between nurse and patient, based on trust, equality, reciprocity, and mutual respect. The NPM‐CI scale was developed and psychometric estimated through a multiphase study in both nurse and patient versions. The NPM‐CI scale measures the factors of ‘developing and going beyond’, ‘being the point of reference’ and ‘deciding and sharing care’. The NPM‐CI scale allows us to measure mutuality in clinical practice and research. Expected outcomes and influencing factors for patients and nurses could be associated.
Association between serum uric acid levels and achievement of target blood pressure among Japanese community residents with hypertension
Authors: Yokokawa Hirohide , Suzuki Mai , Aoki Nozomi , Fukuda Hiroshi , Sato Yuki , Hisaoka Teruhiko , Naito Toshio
Published: February 2023

The authors examined the sex‐specific association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and achievement of target blood pressure among Japanese patients with hypertension. This cross‐sectional study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2015 and examined 17 113 eligible participants (6499 men; 10 614 women) with hypertension among 66 874 Japanese community residents who underwent voluntary health checkups. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the association between high SUA level (≥7.0 mg/dL for men and ≥6.0 mg/dL for women) and “therapeutic failure” in achieving target blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 and 130/80 mmHg in both sexes. Multivariate analysis revealed that high SUA level was significantly associated with failure to achieve the 130/80 mmHg treatment goal among men (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03–1.50, p = .03). Among women, high SUA level was significantly associated with failure to achieve both the 130/80 and 140/90 mmHg treatment goals (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20–1.47, p < .01 and AOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04–1.32, p < .01, respectively). Each increase in SUA quartile was positively associated with increases in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (p < .01 for trend) in both sexes. SBP and DBP in each quartile (Q2–Q4) were also significantly higher compared with those of Q1 in both sexes (p < .01). Our data confirms the difficulties in maintain goal BP control in those with elevated SUA.
Contribution of periodontal health in cardiovascular secondary prevention: Analyses on hospitalized patients in cardiology units
Authors: Hamaya Rikuta , Yonetsu Taishi , Aoyama Norio , Shiheido‐Watanabe Yuka , Tashiro Akira , Niida Takayuki , Isobe Mitsuaki , Maejima Yasuhiro , Iwata Takanori , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate the association between dental health and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in secondary prevention setting.

Materials and Methods

A total of 888 patients with known CVD hospitalized in the cardiology unit were prospectively enrolled. We assessed the association between missing teeth and three variables of periodontitis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke and hospital re‐admission for congestive heart failure.

Results

During a median (Q1, Q3) follow‐up of 4.6 (1.4, 6.7) years, an additional missing tooth was associated with a 3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1%–5%) higher hazard of MACE (p = .004). Compared with patients with 0 to ≤4 missing teeth, periods free from MACE (95% CI) by 5 years of follow‐up were, on average, shorter by 0.17 (−0.04 to 0.37) years, 0.26 (0.04–0.49) years and 0.59 (0.34–0.85) years in patients with 5 to ≤7, 8 to ≤13 and >13 missing teeth, respectively. No significant associations were observed between periodontal measures and MACE incidence.

Conclusions

In hospitalized patients with existing CVD, the total number of missing teeth was associated with incident MACE.
A method for long‐term retention of pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) on small migratory fishes
Authors: Naisbett‐Jones Lewis C. , Branham Creed , Birath Shayla , Paliotti Savannah , McMains Andrew R. , Joel Fodrie Frederick , Morley James W. , Buckel Jeffrey A. , Lohmann Kenneth J.
Published: February 2023

Achieving long‐term retention of pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) has proven difficult for all fishes but is particularly challenging for small migrant species due to the relatively large size of tags. In this study, the authors tested the latest and smallest PSAT model on the market, the mark‐report satellite tag (mrPAT), and developed a simple, cost‐effective method of tag attachment on sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792), a small marine fish. During laboratory trials, the method of tag attachment used in this study outperformed the existing methods with two c. 40 cm fish retaining their tags for 3 months (the duration of the laboratory study). During field deployments, data were successfully obtained for 17 of the 25 tagged fish [37–50 cm fork length (FL)]. Of these, 14 tags (82%) remained on the fish until the pre‐programmed release date resulting in tag retention times of up to 172 days (mean: 140 days). The investigation represents the first extensive study into the feasibility of PSATs for monitoring fishes in this size range. The authors demonstrate that their method of attachment and this latest PSAT model are feasible for c. 5‐month deployments on fishes that are relatively small (c. 45 cm FL). These results with A. probatocephalus represent a potentially significant advance in PSAT methodology for fishes of this size. Future investigations are needed to determine if this method is transferrable to other species in the same size range.
On‐site test and numerical analysis on temperature field of an underground grain silo under static storage
Authors: Jin Libing , Li Chuang , Duan Haijing , Wang Zhenqing , Xue Yaqi , Wu Qiang
Published: February 2023

Grain temperature is one of the most important factors affecting grain security. The temperature field of the underground ecological granary was investigated by field experiment and numerical simulation. The experiment was carried out in the underground grain silo (UGS), a full‐scale engineering model. The UGS temperature data for one consecutive year were obtained through daily on‐site periodic monitoring. Based on the boundary conditions of UGS, including ambient air temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and underground constant temperature zone, a two‐dimensional rotational axisymmetric model is constructed. Then the temperature field of UGS was analyzed by numerical method. The simulation results coincide with the test results, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) The average temperature of UGS is maintained at around 20°C, the upper zone is easy to be affected by the outside, but the central and bottom zone are relatively stable. (2) The average temperature of grain is always below 17°C, and the temperature of the surface layer has inevitable fluctuations due to the influence of the ambient air temperature. (3) The average temperature of grain changes significantly in the early stage, but as time goes on, the grain temperature tends to the temperature in the constant temperature zone.

Practical Applications

Compared with the traditional above‐ground granaries underground granary has the advantages of land saving, grain storage capacity per unit area and long‐term storage of grain at low temperature. Now we have built two large underground granaries to study the various properties of underground granaries, which will be put into normal use later. By studying the temperature field of underground granary, exploring the change of temperature field of long‐term grain storage is beneficial to the popularization and application of underground granary, which is of great significance to ensure food security.
Cryptocurrency, Security, and Financial Intermediation
Authors: GLENN NICHOLAS , REED ROBERT
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the use of cryptocurrencies has increased. As these currencies continue to play a larger role, they eventually will be an important component of banking system activity. Moreover, in addition to the standard role of financial intermediaries to facilitate lending, intermediaries can be valuable firms that help provide safekeeping of tokens. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate these important functions in a microfounded model of monetary exchange. Furthermore, we also consider the possibility that central banks issue their own digital currencies that may affect the level of intermediation in the private banking system.
The effects of mandibular advancement appliance therapy on jaw‐closing muscle activity time‐related to oxygen desaturations: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kuang Boyuan , Aarab Ghizlane , Lobbezoo Frank , Tran Buu T. , Arcache Patrick , Lavigne Gilles , Huynh Nelly
Published: February 2023

Background

Previous study showed that in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the contractions of masseter muscles after respiratory events can be nonspecific motor phenomena, dependent on the duration of respiratory arousals rather than the occurrence of the respiratory events. However, the role of intermittent hypoxia in the occurrence of jaw‐closing muscle activities (JCMAs) was not taken into consideration. An exposure to intermittent hypoxia has been shown to initiate a series of activities, including muscular sympathetic activity in patients with OSA.

Objective

To determine the effects of mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) therapy on JCMA time‐related to oxygen desaturation with and without arousal in individuals with OSA.

Methods

Eighteen individuals with OSA (age: 49.4 ± 9.8 years, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI): 10.0|18.4|30.3, JCMA index: 1.7|4.3|5.6), participated in a randomised controlled crossover clinical trial, in which two ambulatory polysomnographic recordings were performed: one with MAA in situ and the other without MAA in situ. JCMAs were recorded bilaterally from both masseter and temporalis muscles.

Results

There was no significant effect of the MAA on the overall JCMA index (Z = −1.372, p = .170). With the MAA in situ, JCMA index time‐related to oxygen desaturation with arousal significantly decreased (Z = −2.657, p = .008), while there was no significant effect of the MAA on the JCMA index time‐related to oxygen desaturation without arousal (Z = −0.680, p = .496).

Conclusion

Effective mandibular advancement appliance therapy significantly reduces jaw‐closing muscle activities time‐related to oxygen desaturation with arousal in individuals with OSA.
Network meta‐analysis of platelet‐rich fibrin in periodontal intrabony defects
Authors: Ye Lianmei , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Ge Linhu , Fang Ying , Guo Xueqi , Ge Qing , Wang Liping
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of platelet‐rich fibrin alone or in combination with different biomaterials for the treatment of periodontal intra‐bony defect.

Methods

Up to April 2022, Cochrane library, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized clinical trials. The outcomes of interest were probing pocket depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, bone gain, and bone defect depth reduction. Bayesian network meta‐analysis with 95% credible intervals was calculated.

Results

Thirty‐eight studies with 1157 participants were included. Platelet‐rich fibrin alone or platelet‐rich fibrin +biomaterials showed a statistically significant difference when compared with open flap debridement (p < 0.05, low to high certainty evidence). Neither biomaterials alone nor platelet‐rich fibrin +biomaterials showed a statistically significant difference when compared to platelet‐rich fibrin alone (p > 0.05, very low to high certainty evidence). Platelet‐rich fibrin +biomaterials showed insignificant differences as compared to biomaterials alone (p > 0.05, very low to high certainty evidence). Allograft +collagen membrane ranked the best in probing pocket depth reduction while platelet‐rich fibrin +hydroxyapatite ranked the best in bone gain.

Conclusion

It seems that (1) platelet‐rich fibrin with/without biomaterials were more effective than open flap debridement. (2) Platelet‐rich fibrin alone provides a comparable effect to biomaterials alone and platelet‐rich fibrin +biomaterials. (3) Platelet‐rich fibrin +biomaterials provide a comparable effect to biomaterials alone. Although allograft +collagen membrane and platelet‐rich fibrin +hydroxyapatite ranked the best in terms of probing pocket depth reduction and bone gain respectively, the difference between different regenerative therapies remains insignificant, and therefore, further studies are still needed to confirm these results.
On the roles of false belief and recalcitrant fear in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Varga Somogy , Steglich‐Petersen Asbjørn
Published: February 2023

The DSM‐5 highlights two essential psychological features of anorexia nervosa (AN): recalcitrant fear of gaining weight and body image disturbance. Prominent accounts grant false beliefs about body weight and shape a central role in the explanation of AN behavior. In this article, we propose a stronger emphasis on recalcitrant fear. We show that such fear can explain AN behavior without the intermediary of a false belief, and thus without the associated explanatory burdens and conceptual difficulties. We illustrate how shifting the emphasis from false belief to recalcitrant fear can supplement a number of different non‐doxastic models of AN.
The role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms: A narrative review
Authors: Yelland Sophie , Steenson Simon , Creedon Annette , Stanner Sara
Published: February 2023

Menopause is a natural stage that occurs when women stop menstruating, during which many women experience physical and psychological symptoms that can affect their quality of life and ability to work. Dietary modifications and food supplements may be explored by some women as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy, although existing reviews and expert position statements have given this limited consideration. This narrative review summarises the current evidence for dietary patterns, and botanical and food supplements, in the management of common menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flushes; night sweats), changes in bodyweight and composition, psychological symptoms (depression; anxiety; cognitive changes), sleep disturbances, joint pain, skin changes and urogenital symptoms. Soy isoflavones may reduce the frequency and/or severity of VMS, although results are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether dietary and supplemental sources have comparable effects. Adopting a healthier dietary pattern may support a healthy bodyweight and benefit VMS. However, evidence suggesting dietary patterns may benefit depression, anxiety, and cognition remains largely observational. While some botanicals, such as black cohosh and St John's Wort, have been reported in some studies to alleviate symptoms (such as VMS and depression), these are not currently recommended due to uncertainty about the appropriate dose and preparation, and potential safety concerns. Evidence for other symptoms is currently too limited to draw conclusions. While further trials at different menopausal stages are needed, adopting a healthier dietary pattern in accordance with dietary guidelines is likely to help support women's health before, during and after the menopausal transition.
Maxillaria luizotavioi (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae): a new species from the Oriental Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Engels Mathias Erich , Smidt Eric de Camargo
Published: February 2023

We describe and illustrate Maxillaria luizotavioi, a new orchid species from the Brazilian Amazon belonging to Maxillaria sect. Rufescens. The new species can be distinguished from Maxillaria cruentata from Colombia, the morphologically most similar species, by having pale yellow sepals and petals, lanceolate lateral sepals and dark vinous lip with rounded to obtuse apex. Additionally, we provide an identification key to the species of the section that occurs in Brazil.
CT‐Based Calculation Model Assists Precise Treatment for Anterior and Posterior Ankle Bony Impingement
Authors: Ou Yong‐liang , Li Ping‐yue , Xia Hong
Published: February 2023

Objective

Ankle arthroscope is the preferred tool for ankle surgeons to treat ankle impingement. However, there is no relevant report on how to improve the accuracy of arthroscopic osteotomy through preoperative planning. The aims of this study were to investigate a novel method to obtain the bone morphology in anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement through computed tomography (CT) calculation model, use this method to guide surgical decision‐making, and compare the postoperative efficacy and actual bone cutting volume with conventional surgery.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study includes 32 consecutive cases with anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement by arthroscopy from January 2017 to December 2019. Mimics software was utilized to calculate the bony morphology and measure the volume of the osteophytes by two trained software engineers. The patients were divided into the precise group (n = 15) and the conventional group (n = 17) according to whether obtain and quantify the osteophytes' morphology with CT based calculation model preoperative. All patients were evaluated clinically using visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angle before and after surgery at both 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. We obtained the shape and volume of bone cutting through Boolean calculation. Clinical outcomes and radiological data were compared between the two groups.

Results

The VAS score, AOFAS score, active dorsiflexion angle and plantarflexion angle were significantly improved in both groups postoperatively. In comparison of the VAS score, AOFAS score, and active dorsiflexion angle, the precise group were higher than the conventional group in the follow‐up at 3 and 12 months postoperatively with statistical difference. The difference between the virtual bone cutting volume and the actual bone cutting volume of the anterior edge of distal tibia in the conventional group and precise group were 244.20 ± 147.66 mm3 and 76.53 ± 168.51 mm3, respectively, there was statistical difference between the two groups (t = −2.927, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Using a novel method of obtaining and quantifying the bony morphology with CT‐based calculation model for anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement can help guide surgical decision‐making preoperatively and assist precise bone cutting during the operation, which can improve the efficacy and evaluate the accuracy of osteotomy postoperatively.
The Optimal Period of Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedures under Enhanced Recovery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Kaibo , Pi Jinkui , Wu Yuangang , Zeng Yi , Xu Jiawen , Wu Limin , Li Mingyang , Shen Bin
Published: February 2023

Objective

The implications of the interval of staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures for postoperative complications and costs are not clear. We aimed to determine the optimal time interval between the two stages of bilateral TKA procedures under the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods

This retrospective study of collected data included bilateral TKA cases under the ERAS protocol performed between 2018 and 2021 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The staged time was subdivided into three groups according to the interval between the first TKA and second contralateral TKA: group 1: 2‐ to 6‐month, group 2: 6‐ to 12‐month, and group 3: >12 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay (LOS), hemoglobin (Hb) decrease, hematocrit (Hct) decrease, and albumin (Alb) decrease.

Results

We analyzed 281 patients who underwent staged bilateral TKAs between 2018 and 2021 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Regarding postoperative complications, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.21). For the mean LOS, the 6‐ to 12‐month group had a significantly shorter LOS compared with the 2‐ to 6‐month group (P < 0.01). There was also a significant decrease in Hct of the 2‐ to 6‐month group compared with the 6‐ to 12‐month group and the >12 months group (P = 0.02; P < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion

Staging the second arthroplasty for more than a half year seems to offer a reduction in the rate of postoperative complications and LOS under ERAS protocol. ERAS shortens the interval of staged bilateral TKA by at least 6 months for patients who might receive their second surgery without the need to wait for an extended period.
The Consequences of the COVID‐19 Pandemic for Fertility and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Spanish Birth Registers
Authors: Cozzani Marco , Fallesen Peter , Passaretta Giampiero , Härkönen Juho , Bernardi Fabrizio
Published: February 2023

We examine the joint consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for fertility and birth outcomes by drawing on full population administrative data from Spain. We find a surprising improvement in birth outcomes in November and to a less extent in December 2020 (eight to nine months after the first wave of the pandemic) compared with monthly trends in the 10 previous years (2010–2019). The improvement in birth outcomes was shortly followed by a decline in fertility, which concentrated on first births, births to women without a tertiary degree, and births to young and old mothers, respectively. These findings are consistent with the idea that the pandemic selectively affected conception, which showed up first as an improvement in birth outcomes due to the missing conceptions of frail‐children‐to‐be (preterm and low birth weight) and then as a lowered fertility rate due to the missing conception of at‐term children.