bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade da vinculação e dos relacionamentos significativos na gravidez
Authors: Figueiredo Bárbara , Pacheco Alexandra , Costa Raquel , Magarinho Rute
Published: December 2015

O estudo apresentado neste artigo destinou-se a investigar a qualidade da vinculação e das relações significativas na gravidez. Mais precisamente, teve por objectivos (1) determinar as características sociais e demográficas e as condições anteriores de existência que se associam e permitem prever um estilo de vinculação (in)seguro e (2) estimar o impacto do estilo de vinculação na qualidade do relacionamento e do apoio por parte do companheiro e de uma outra pessoa significativa, na gravidez. Uma amostra de 130 grávidas (66 adolescentes e 64 adultas) foi avaliada no último trimestre de gestação quanto ao estilo de vinculação e à qualidade di relacionamento e do apoio por parte do companheiro e de uma outra pessoa significativa (com base na Attachment Style Interview, ASI; Bifulco, Figueiredo, Guedeney, Gorman, Hays et al., 2004; Bifulco, Moran, Ball & Bernazzani, 2002a; Bifulco, Moran, Ball & Lillie, 2002b). A amostra foi recolhida na Maternidade de Júlio Dinis (Porto) e é bastante heterogénea do ponto de vista social e demográfico, em características como: a idade, o nível educacional, o estado civil, o estatuto ocupacional e o tipo de agregado familiar, embora fundamentalmente constituída por grávidas primíparas. Os resultados mostraram que um estilo inseguro de vinculação pode ser previsto na sequência de separação ou divórcio parental durante a infância ou adolescência e quando a grávida está desempregada, e que a gravidez na adolescência se associa ao estilo de vinculação desligado. Mostram ainda que um estilo inseguro de vinculação permite prever um pior relacionamento na gravidez, quer com o companheiro, quer com outra pessoa significativa, principalmente a presença de relações discordantes com o companheiro e de relações apáticas com a outra pessoa significativa. As estratégias emaranhadas afectam a relação com o companheiro (em aspectos como menos confiança, menos suporte emocional e mais interacção negativa), mas não a relação com a outra pessoa significativa; enquanto as estratégias desligadas afectam a relação com a outra pessoa significativa (em aspectos como menos actividades partilhadas e menos interacção positiva), mas não a relação com o companheiro, e as estratégias amedrontadas afectam o relacionamento, tanto com o companheiro (em aspectos como menor sentimento de ligação) quanto com a outra pessoa significativa (em aspectos como menos confiança). De acordo com a Teoria da Vinculação, conclui-se que as condições adversas de existência (anteriores e actuais) propiciam vinculação insegura e que o estilo de vinculação interfere na qualidade do relacionamento com o companheiro e com as outras pessoas significativas; nomeadamente na capacidade da grávida recorrer a apoio.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i1.378
Concepções pessoais de competência: Perspectivas, avaliação e estudos
Authors: Faria Luísa
Published: December 2015

Apresentação do número.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.386
Construção, Adaptação e validação da Escala da Auto-eficácia Académica (EAEA)
Authors: Neves Sílvia Pina , Faria Luísa
Published: December 2015

As expectativas de auto-eficácia, de acordo com Bandura (2001), referem-se a domínios de realização específicos, pelo que a sua avaliação deve ser microanalítica, o que implica a construção de instrumentos de avaliação adaptados às respectivas especificidades. Assim, neste artigo começamos por descrever as várias fases da construção da Escala de Auto-Eficácia Académica (EAEA), a saber: (i) definição do seu racional teórico-prático, partindo de revisões bibliográficas e de entrevistas realizadas com alunos e professores; (ii) definição das suas dimensões e redacção dos seus itens; e (iii) pré-teste, que inclui a revisão dos itens por especialistas, reflexões faladas com alunos e um estudo-piloto com 207 alunos. Finalmente, apresentamos os resultados do estudo de adaptação e validação com 1.302 alunos, constatando-se que as dimensões da EAEA são consistentes, mas pouco discriminativas entre si, e que análises factoriais confirmatórias revelam que um modelo com três factores correlacionados, aceitando-se a existência de covariância entre os erros de alguns dos itens da escala, é o que melhor se ajusta aos dados.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.388
Influência de factores socioculturais e da dimensão independência-interdependência no foco da ansiedade social
Authors: Mota José Paulo
Published: December 2015

Neste artigo de revisão, procura-se salientar a importância e potencial efeito de determinantes socioculturais e da dimensão independência-interdependência na forma de manifestação subjectiva da ansiedade social. Para cumprir esse objectivo, são revistos os sintomas geralmente associados à ansiedade social desadaptativa tal como descritos no DSM-IV-TR e no CID-10 (associados portanto à cultura ocidental, particularmente europeia e norte-americana moderna), procura-se analisar relatos bibliográficos de vivências desse tipo de ansiedade em outras culturas (nomeadamente em culturas asiáticas, com especial ênfase na cultura japonesa), e faz-se uma revisão bibliográfica de literatura relativa a esta temática. Formam-se assim as bases para a discussão do tópico proposto, e para o levantamento de questões relevantes para a investigação futura e para a prática clínica.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v22i2.346
Diferenciação emocional e regulação emocional em adultos portugueses
Authors: Vaz Filipa Machado , Martins Carla , Martins Eva Costa
Published: December 2015

Este resumo empírico pretendeu caracterizar o repertório e a capacidade de diferenciação emocional e estratégias de regulação emocional em adultos, como estas se relacionam, bem como avaliar como variam em função de características socio-demográficas. Uma amostra de 824 indivíduos entre os 18 e os 65 anos respondeu a dois questionários, a Escala de Avaliação do Repertório e Capacidade de Diferenciação Emocional e o Questionário de Regulação Emocional. Os resultados evidenciaram que, quanto maior é o repertório e a diferenciação emocional, menor é a utilização da supressão emocional. Adicionalmente, uma maior capacidade de diferenciação emocional está associada a uma maior reavaliação cognitiva. Apesar de não haver diferenças de género em termos de repertório e diferenciação emocional, os homens recorrem mais à supressão emocional do que indivíduos com o Ensino Básico referem menor repertório emocional do que os indivíduos com um nível de escolaridade mais elevado (Secundário ou Superior/Pós-Graduado) e empregam mais ambas as estratégias de regulação emocional.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v22i2.350
Activity Index and Lotka's Law Application with Diabetes and Allied Diseases in India During 1995–2013
Authors: Baskaran C. , Karuilancheran C.
Published: December 2015

This paper describes the relative growth rate and doubling time and activity index and Lotka's law apply on the publications of diabetes and allied diseases during 1995-2013. The study found that steady growth rate in terms of productivity was observed throughout the period of study. There was a sudden increase noticed in 2002, 2009, and 2012 while a declining trend was observed in 1996, 2003, and 2013. The calculated values of Maximum Likelihood Estimator, n and k are 0.24, 2.66 and 0.78 respectively. The C.V. at 0.05 significant level for 29 degrees of freedom is 42.56 and the calculated value of Chi-Square (X2) obtained in this case is 5309.368. Afterwords, the performance of researchers started diminishing. It was supported by SPI that ranges between 9 and 10 only.
Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment of a Coronary Artery Fistula
Authors: Petit Joseph , Assadi Ramin , Hilliard Anthony
Published: December 2015

Petit J., Assadi R., and Hilliard A.  Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment of a Coronary Artery Fistula.  International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. 2015;4:64-65 DOI: 10.17987/icfj.v4i0.123
Prevalence of Novel Risk Factors in Patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Eastern India: A Detailed Analysis
Authors: Mukherjee Sudeb , Manna Kaushik , Datta Suhana
Published: December 2015

Background: To  identify  prevalence  of   the  novel  risk  factors  among  young  patients   with  Acute  Coronary  Syndrome  (ACS)  and  having  no  or  minimal  conventional  risk factors.

Methods: Total  70  patients  ( male  48 ,  female 22 )   who  were  admitted  in  our  hospital with  ACS,  without  any  traditional  risk  factors  were  analyzed  for  hsCRP  [highly  sensitive  C  reactive  protein ],  Lp(a)  [Lipoprotein(a)],  Homocysteine  and  uric  acid  level.

Results: 44.29%  of  the  study  population  have  high  values  of  hs-CRP,  more  in  older age  group  but  not  significant (<40 vs >40 yrs) (P=0.79). High  homocysteine  present in 42.86%  of cases,  more  in  older  age ( >40 yrs) (54.55%)  than  <40  years  age  (23.08%) which  is  statistically  significant  (P-0.01).  High  uric  acid  level  found  in  32.86%  of cases  without  any  significant  age  and  sex  difference.  High  Lp(a)  level  is  found  in 41.43%  of  cases  more  among ≥40  years (50%)  than  <40 years (26.92%),  the  difference was  not  found  to  be  statistically  significant. [ Chi-square = 3.587; P=0.058; OR=2.71 95%  CI= 0.95 – 7.7].

Conclusion:  hsCRP  is  most  useful  cost  effective  screening  method  for  ACS  in younger  individual  among  all  other  parameters  in  this  part  of  world .
Direct Aortic CoreValve Implantation via Right Anterior Thoracotomy in a Patient with Patent Bilateral Mammary Artery Grafts and Aortic Arch Chronic Dissection
Authors: Bruschi Giuseppe , Fratto Pasquale , Colombo Paola , Barosi Alberto , Botta Luca , Nava Stefano , Soriano Francesco , Gagliardone Maria P , Russo Claudio F , Klugmann Silvio
Published: December 2015

Direct aortic trans-catheter aortic valve implantation is an alternative approach to treat high risk for surgery patients affected by severe aortic stenosis and concomitant peripheral vascular disease.

We describe a case of direct aortic CoreValve implantation made via a right anterior thoracotomy in a 78-year-old male affected by severe aortic stenosis and severe peripheral vasculopathy, who previously underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, with patent bilateral mammary artery grafts and chronic aortic arch dissection.
Takotsubo Syndrome and Cerebral Cardioembolism: Case Report to Redefine the Short-term Prognosis
Authors: Cioni Gabriele , Berni Andrea , De Stefano Margherita , Donnarumma Emilia , Guerra Valentina , Fallai Linda , Pacciani Giulia , Spighi Kristel , Maestripieri Vanessa , Torri Marco , Poggesi Loredana
Published: December 2015

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient hypo-kinesis of the left ventricular apex or midventricular segments, without significant stenosis affecting coronary arteries. This cardiomyopathy is well known to be related to cerebral infarction, although scarce data describe the real timing of this adverse event.

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who experienced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and developed cardiogenic cerebral embolism on the fourth day from the onset of symptoms.
Takotsubo patients could be effectively at high risk for stroke; thus, we should pay attention to rule out ventricular thrombosis, consider immediately anticoagulant therapy, and revise Takotsubo prognosis because its complications.
Integrated Islamic Primary School In The Middle-Class Muslims Indonesia Conception
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno
Published: December 2015

In the reform era, there are interesting developments regarding the trend of parental choice of education in Indonesia, when the Middle-class Muslim more interested send their children to schools based  on strong basic religious (Islamic). This study aims to answer the question why Islamic  Primary School attracted many parents of Middle-class Muslim? The method of data collection is done by indepth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The results showed that the preferences of parents in educating their children in SDIT is influenced by the  three factors, namely; theological, sociological, and academic factors. Theological factors are reasons based on considerations of religion. Sociological factors associated with increasing image of Islamic schools. Academic factors related to the ability SDIT in achieving high academic achievement for their students. The position of the teacher as a murabby (moral guide) into the carrying capacity of the school principal. Murabby position makes the relationship between teacher and student is not merely a formal relationship in school, but as the relationship between parent and a child at home as well. Therefore, the future development of primary schools need to consider the quality of religious education in order to attract parental choice of education of the Middle-class Muslim.
Revealing genetic diversity in land races and wild accessions of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] using SDS-PAGE of seed storage proteins
Authors: Panda Ananya , Tripathy Swapan K.
Published: December 2015

Total seed storage protein profiles of 74 mungbean land races, three wild accessions and a popular variety ‘Jyoti’ of Odisha were analysed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 32 genotypes could be clearly identified based on genotype-specific seed protein fingerprints while rest of the test genotypes were categorized into eight protein types. Genotypes included in each protein type had 100% homology and some of these could be duplicates. In this pursuit, a few specific polypeptide markers have been detected for identification of the land races/ genotypes. Dendrogram based on electrophoretic data clustered the genotypes into seven groups at 70% phenon level. Paralakhemundi local, Samarjhola local and Phulbani local-D; and three wild accessions (TCR 20, TCR 213 and TCR 243) were comparatively divergent from other genotypes. Besides, Jyoti, Kalahandi local 2A, Sikri local, kodala local A and TCR 20 were identified to be protein rich with high seed yield. TCR 20 being morphologically similar to mungbean, moderately high protein content and high yielding as well as resistant to drought and bruchids; it may serve as a valuable source genotype in recombination breeding
Effect of planting date, seed rate and row spacing on nodulation efficiency of bold seeded spring mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Bundelkhand region of India
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Panwar G. S. , Kushwaha Sitaram
Published: December 2015

A field experiment was conducted during spring/summer season of 2007 and 2008 at Crop Research Centre of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) , to study the effect of planting date, seed rate and rows pacing on yield and yield attributes of bold seeded mungbean. Four planting dates (February 25, March 11, March 26 and April 10), three seed rates (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) and two row spacing (20 cm and 30 cm) were tested. Grain yield increased with delay in planting up to March 11, thereafter it declined significantly and drastic reduction was observed beyond March 26. Seed rate of 40 kg/ha and row spacing of 20 cm was found to be optimum for higher yield of bold seeded spring mungbean. Nodulation studies were affected significantly due to different planting dates but row spacing and seed rate does not influenced significantly.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and quality in cowpea
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Pandita V. K.
Published: December 2015

A study was carried out to assess effect of inorganic fertilizers, vermicompost, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhizae (VAM) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)] inoculation on seed yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design for two consecutive cropping season, kharif 2012 and 2013, with two main plot treatments of inorganic fertilizers i.e. 100% and 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and nine sub plot integrated nutrient management (INM) treatments including control (No organic fertilizer). Main plot treatments were at par but sub plot INM treatments differed significantly for plant height, seed yield, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, seed germination and vigour indices. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizers + Vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (4.76, 4.16 q ha″1) performed significantly better than the control (3.32, 2.79 q ha″1) for seed yield and its attributes as well as seed quality parameters during Kharif 2012 and 2013, respectively. It was at par with combined use of inorganic fertilizers + biofertilizer inoculation (Rhizobium + PSB) + VAM 10 Kg ha-1 Also, the mean cost benefit ratios (2.04, 1.90) were highest for combination of biofertilizer inoculation (Rhizobium + PSB) + VAM 10 Kg ha-1 +inorganic fertilizers 100% and 75% RDF, respectively.
Heterosis and combining ability analysis in cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) system of Pigeonpea height variants (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Gadekar M. S. , Nandanwar R. S. , Meshram M. P. , Patli A. N.
Published: December 2015

In the present experiment four newly diversified cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) height variants viz., Dwarf 30 cm, Dwarf 45 cm, Dwarf 60 cm and Dwarf 90 cm were crossed with twelve restorer lines at Pulses Research Unit, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed significant differences among the parents, hybrids, parents vs. crosses, line effects and line x tester interactions for all most all the traits with some exception for variance due to line. Tester AKPR-210 was found significant for all yield and yield contributing traits. Among the lines Dwarf 45 cm and Dwarf 60 cm were found good GCA effects for early flowering and maturity. Dwarf 45 cm x AKPR-344 and Dwarf 45 cm x AKPR-325 found significant over both checks PKV-TARA and AKT-8811 also showed highly significant SCA effects for grain yield per plant and yield contributing characters.
Critical period for weed control in field pea
Authors: Singh Mainpal , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Satish , Kumar Virender
Published: December 2015

Field studies were conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Hisar, India to assess the effect of weed competition on crop growth and yield of field pea. Weed density increased up to 60 days and then decreased at later stages of crop growth. Seed yield of field pea was decreased by 50% when weeds were allowed to compete for the entire season. The critical period for weed control was 21-63 days in year 1 and 20-70 days in year 2 to achieve 95% of weed-free yield. It is therefore concluded that, to minimize yield loss due to weed competition in field pea, weed control measures should be targeted to avoid weed competition between 20-70 days after sowing.
Efficacy of post- emergence application of Imazethapyr in summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Hazra K. K. , Nadarajan N.
Published: December 2015

Imazethapyr is a now emerging post-emergence (PoE) herbicide for pulses. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2011-12) to assess the efficacy of imazethapyr in summer mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) in a mild alkaline soil of Kanpur, India. Treatment comprised of five different doses of Imazethapyr [0 (Weedy check), 40, 60, 80, 100 g ha-1] along with weed free treatment. Results revealed that summer mungbean yield was reduced up to 38.6% due to weeds infestation. Post-emergence application of imazethapyr significantly reduced the (P£0.05) weed population and weed biomass and the herbicide effectiveness was increased up to the dose of @ 80 g/ha. The relative suppression effect of imazethapyr was in the order of grassy weed>Sedges>broad-leaf weeds. However, the study suggest that the dose of 100 g/ha is needed for suppressing the Cyperus spp. to a significant extent. The weed control efficiency (WCE) of imazethayr was more than 40 per cent at a dose of 100 g/ha and the corresponding value of weed control index (WCI) was more than 60 per cent. The highest average grain yield of summer mungbean was recorded in weed free plot (926 g/ha) which was on a par with imazethapyr @ 100 g/ha (920 kg/ha) and imazethapyr @ 80 g/ha (883 kg/ha). The increase yield under imazethapyr treated plots was mainly due to the increase in plant biomass, nodule number, root weight, number of seed per plant and number of pod per plant. Although, the net return was highest under imazethapyr @ 100 g/ha (Rs. 24, 880/ha) the marginal rate of return was higher in imazethapyr @ 80 g/ha (627%).
Galápagos mockingbirds tolerate introduced parasites that affect Darwin's finches
Authors: Knutie Sarah A. , Owen Jeb P. , McNew Sabrina M. , Bartlow Andrew W. , Arriero Elena , Herman Jordan M. , DiBlasi Emily , Thompson Michael , Koop Jennifer A. H. , Clayton Dale H.
Published: December 2015

Introduced parasites threaten native host species that lack effective defenses. Such parasites increase the risk of extinction, particularly in small host populations like those on islands. If some host species are tolerant to introduced parasites, this could amplify the risk of the parasite to vulnerable host species. Recently, the introduced parasitic nest flyPhilornis downsihas been implicated in the decline of Darwin's finch populations in the Galápagos Islands. In some years, 100% of finch nests fail due toP. downsi; however, other common host species nesting near Darwin's finches, such as the endemic Galápagos mockingbird (Mimus parvulus), appear to be less affected byP. downsi. We compared effects ofP. downsion mockingbirds and medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) on Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos. We experimentally manipulated the abundance ofP. downsiin nests of mockingbirds and finches to measure the direct effect of the parasite on the reproductive success of each species of host. We also compared immunological and behavioral responses by each species of host to the fly. Although nests of the two host species had similar parasite densities, flies decreased the fitness of finches but not mockingbirds. Neither host species had a significant antibody‐mediated immune response toP. downsi. Moreover, finches showed no significant increase in begging, parental provisioning, or plasma glucose levels in response to the flies. In contrast, parasitized mockingbird nestlings begged more than nonparasitized mockingbird nestlings. Greater begging was correlated with increased parental provisioning behavior, which appeared to compensate for parasite damage. The results of our study suggest that finches are negatively affected byP. downsibecause they do not have such behavioral mechanisms for energy compensation. In contrast, mockingbirds are capable of compensation, making them tolerant hosts, and a possible indirect threat to Darwin's finches.
Invaders do not require high resource levels to maintain physiological advantages in a temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , Fridley Jason D.
Published: December 2015

Non‐native, invasive plants are commonly typified by trait strategies associated with high resource demands and plant invasions are often thought to be dependent upon site resource availability or disturbance. However, the invasion of shade‐tolerant woody species into deciduous forests of the Eastern United States seems to contradict such generalization, as growth in this ecosystem is strongly constrained by light and, secondarily, nutrient stress. In a factorial manipulation of light and soil nitrogen availability, we established an experimental resource gradient in a secondary deciduous forest to test whether three common, woody, invasive species displayed increased metabolic performance and biomass production compared to six co‐occurring woody native species, and whether these predicted differences depend upon resource supply. Using hierarchical Bayesian models of photosynthesis that included leaf trait effects, we found that invasive species exhibited functional strategies associated with higher rates of carbon gain. Further, invader metabolic and growth‐related attributes were more responsive to increasing light availability than those of natives, but did not fall below average native responses even in low light. Surprisingly, neither group showed direct trait or growth responses to soil N additions. However, invasive species showed increased photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiencies with decreasing N availability, while that of natives remained constant. Although invader advantage over natives was amplified in higher resource conditions in this forest, our results indicate that some invasive species can maintain physiological advantages over co‐occurring natives regardless of resource conditions.
Comunicação pública na promoção dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Lima Ana Márcia Diógenes Paiva , Sampaio Inês Silvia Vitorino
Published: December 2015

Este artigo analisa a comunicação pública, que visa à promoção do acesso ao direito de crianças e adolescentes, em um município cearense, certificado em todas as edições do projeto Selo UNICEF Município Aprovado. A análise esteia-se em Zémor (2003) e Brandão (2009), para pensar a comunicação pública, e em Faoro (2001), Freyre (2004) e DaMatta (2001), para compreender aspectos da cultura política brasileira. A pesquisa consistiu na realização de grupos focais com adolescentes e adultos, além de entrevistas em profundidade com gestores e agência de comunicação. Identifica-se, recorrendo à metodologia interpretativa, o fato de que o município avançou na oferta e qualidade da comunicação para os direitos, mas, como outros municípios brasileiros, necessita conhecer melhor as demandas da população, adequar as mídias aos propósitos de sua política pública e promover a participação de crianças e adolescentes na produção de comunicação.
Fronteiras culturais no filme El hombre de al lado
Authors: Stocker Pâmela Caroline
Published: December 2015

A partir da observação de pesquisas sobre as fronteiras culturais, este artigo analisa a construção e representação destas fronteiras no filme argentino El hombre de al lado (2009). O objetivo é analisar e refletir sobre as duas sequências que retratam situações de fronteira entre os personagens principais: o primeiro encontro entre eles e a festa na qual um deles aparece sem ser convidado. As ações, interações e representações serão observadas a partir de uma dupla relação: dos personagens entre si e com o contexto social e espacial.
Adaptive meta-modeling-based simulation optimization in basin-scale optimum water allocation: a comparative analysis of meta-models
Authors: Mirfenderesgi Golnazalsadat , Mousavi S. Jamshid
Published: December 2015

Incorporating river basin simulation models in heuristic optimization algorithms can help modelers address complex, basin-scale water resource problems. We have developed a hybrid optimization-simulation model by linking a stretching particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm and the MODSIM river basin decision support system (DSS), and have used the SPSO-MODSIM model to optimize water allocation at basin scale. Due to high computational cost of the SPSO-MODSIM model, we have, subsequently, used four meta-model types of artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), kriging and polynomial response functions, replacing the MODSIM DSS, in an adaptively learning meta-modeling approach. The performances of the meta-models are first compared in two Ackley and Dejong benchmark functions optimization problems, and the meta-models are then evaluated by solving the Atrak river basin water allocation optimization problem in Iran. The results demonstrate that independent of the meta-model type, the sequentially space-filling meta-modeling approach can improve the performance of meta-models in the course of optimization by adaptively locating the promising regions of the search space where more samples need to be generated. However, the ANN and SVM meta-models perform better than others in saving the number of costly, original objective function evaluations.
Optimization of VFAs and ethanol production with waste sludge used as the denitrification carbon source
Authors: Guo Liang , Zhang Jiawen , Yin Li , Zhao Yangguo , Gao Mengchun , She Zonglian
Published: December 2015

An acidification metabolite such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol could be used as denitrification carbon sources for solving the difficult problem of carbon source shortages and low nitrogen removal efficiency. A proper control of environmental factors could be essential for obtaining the optimal contents of VFAs and ethanol. In this study, suspended solids (SS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and shaking rate were chosen to investigate the interactive effects on VFAs and ethanol production with waste sludge. It was indicated that T-VFA yield could be enhanced at lower ORP and shaking rate. Changing the SS, ORP and shaking rate could influence the distribution of acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric acids and ethanol. The optimal conditions for VFAs and ethanol production used as a denitrification carbon source were predicted by analyzing response surface methodology (RSM).
Selenium recovery from kiln powder of cement manufacturing by chemical leaching and bioreduction
Authors: Soda S. , Hasegawa A. , Kuroda M. , Hanada A. , Yamashita M. , Ike M.
Published: December 2015

A novel process by using chemical leaching followed by bacterial reductive precipitation was proposed for selenium recovery from kiln powder as a byproduct of cement manufacturing. The kiln powder at a slurry concentration of 10 w/v% with 0.25 M Na2CO3 at 28°C produced wastewater containing about 30 mg-Se/L selenium. The wastewater was diluted four-fold and adjusted to pH 8.0 as preconditioning for bioreduction. A bacterial strain Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I, capable of reducing selenate and selenite into insoluble elemental selenium, could recover about 90% selenium from the preconditioned wastewater containing selenium of 5 mg-Se/L when supplemented with lactate or glycerol. The selenium concentrations in the treated wastewater were low around the regulated effluent concentration of 0.1 mg-Se/L in Japan.
Anaerobic digestion of mixed microalgae cultivated in secondary effluent under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions
Authors: Cea-Barcia Glenda , Moreno Gloria , Buitrón Germán
Published: December 2015

The anaerobic digestion of mixed indigenous microalgae, grown in a secondary effluent, was evaluated in batch tests at mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (50°C) conditions. Under mesophilic conditions, specific methane production varied from 178 to 207 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS) and the maximum production rate varied from 8.8 to 26.1 mL CH4/(gVS day), depending on the type of microalgae culture. Lower methane parameters were observed in those cultures where Scenedesmus represents more than 95% of the microalge. The culture with the lowest digestion performances under mesophilic conditions was studied under thermophilic conditions. The increase in the incubation temperature significantly increased the specific methane production (390 mL CH4/g VS) and rate (26.0 mL CH4/(gVS day)). However, under thermophilic conditions a lag period of 30 days was observed.
Anaerobic treatment of crude glycerol from biodiesel production
Authors: Nakazawa M. M. , Silva Júnior W. R. S. , Kato M. T. , Gavazza S. , Florencio L.
Published: December 2015

In this study, we evaluated the use of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat crude glycerol obtained from cottonseed biodiesel production. The laboratory-scale UASB reactor (7.0 L) was operated at ambient temperature of 26.5°C with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations between 0.5 and 8.0 g/L. The volatile fatty acid contents, pH, inorganic salt contents and biogas production were monitored during a 280-day experimental period. Molecular biology techniques were used to assess the microbial diversity in the bioreactor. The reactor achieved COD removal efficiencies of up to 92% except during one phase when the efficiency decreased to 81%. Biogas production remained stable throughout the experimental period, when the fraction converted to methane reached values as high as 68%. The profile of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands suggested slight changes in the microbial community during reactor operation. The overall results indicated that the crude glycerol from biodiesel production can serve as a suitable substrate for anaerobic degradation with a stable reactor performance and biogas production as long as the applied organic loads are up to 8.06 kg COD/m3·d.
Feasibility of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) for onsite sanitation and resource recovery (nutrients, energy and water) in urban slums
Authors: Bair Robert A. , Ozcan Onur O. , Calabria Jorge L. , Dick George H. , Yeh Daniel H.
Published: December 2015

Slums are challenging locations for sanitation technologies. High population densities, a lack of water and electricity infrastructure, and space constraints combine to ensure that many traditional waste treatment technologies fail when implemented in this context. This paper proposes the use of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for slum sanitation. AnMBRs allow for localized water reuse, high quality treatment, and energy production at the point of treatment. A water, energy, nutrient, and mass balance was conducted on a theoretical AnMBR directly coupled to a public toilet. The combined system would be capable of recycling its water for use in toilet flushing and would be capable of providing enough energy to power both the toilet and AnMBR operation. The addition of food waste to the feed would help to ensure process stability and energy production by the AnMBR. Ammonia accumulation within the system would have to be managed through struvite precipitation, ion exchange, oxidation, plant uptake or other means. Generated biogas can be converted into heat and/or electricity using small scale gas generators. AnMBR technology has high potential for success in slum settings, if considerations for maintenance and supplies are made as part of the design and system delivery.
Operational decision support system for large combined sewage systems: Lisbon/Tagus estuary case study
Authors: Póvoa P. , Nobre A. , Leitão P. , Galvão P. , Santos H. , Frazão A. , Neves R. , Matos J. S.
Published: December 2015

Managing combined sewage systems in large cities discharging to coastal waters, often bearing recreational activities, remains a challenge. Studying the impacts of such discharges requires the development of specific models. Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of coastal waters employs numerical methods and algorithms, leading to the design of complex models which require expert use. The use of such models as decision support tools to simulate discharge impacts and define adequate corrective measures could represent a key part in meeting this challenge. In this paper, the authors describe the work undertaken to develop an operational decision support system (ODSS) methodology aiming to enable wastewater utilities' non-expert staff to carry out user-friendly scenario analysis based on computational fluid dynamics simulations. This article depicts the application and validation of the ODSS to the combined sewage system and the Tagus estuary of the city of Lisbon in Portugal. The ODSS was used for simulating the effects in the receiving coastal waters of a discharge caused by a scheduled maintenance operation in the sewage infrastructure. Results show that the use of such ODSS by non-expert staff increases their decision capabilities and knowledge of the wastewater utility's contribution to reducing negative impacts of sewage discharges on the receiving water bodies.
Preliminary evaluation of biosolids characteristics for anaerobic membrane reactors treating municipal wastewaters
Authors: Dong Qirong , Dagnew Martha , Cumin Jeff , Parker Wayne
Published: December 2015

This study assessed the characteristics of biosolids of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating municipal wastewater. The production of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) was comparable to that reported for the extended aeration system at solids residence time (SRT) longer than 40 days. The yields of TS and VS were reduced as SRT increased from 40 to 100 days and increased with the addition of 26 mg/L of FeCl3. The AnMBR destroyed 60–82% of the VS loading in feed wastewater and hence it was concluded the biosolids met the requirements for vector attraction reduction for land application. The concentrations of volatile suspended solids and total suspended solids in the sludge were less than those reported after anaerobic digestion of conventional primary and secondary sludge mixtures, and hence dewatering of the waste stream may be required for some applications. The nutrient content in terms of total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus was similar to that of anaerobically digested municipal sludges. The dewaterability of the biosolids was poorer than that reported for sludges from aerobic treatment and anaerobically digested sludges. Dewaterability was improved by addition of FeCl3 and reduced SRT. The biosolids met standards for land application with regards to the concentration of heavy metals but would need further treatment to meet Class B pathogen indicator criteria.
Integrated conceptual modelling of faecal contamination in an urban estuary catchment
Authors: Jovanovic Dusan , Henry Rebekah , Coleman Rhys , Deletic Ana , McCarthy David
Published: December 2015

Urban stormwater is regarded as a key input of faecal contamination in receiving water bodies and therefore, a major concern for health risks associated with aquatic recreation. Wastewater leakages, cross connections and overflows, together with faeces washed from surfaces during rainfall events, are possible origins of faecal contamination which enter these water bodies through stormwater drains. This paper applies conceptual models to a case study of the Yarra River estuary to understand the relative importance of fluxes derived from an urban creek and the 219 urban stormwater pipes which drain directly to the estuary as compared with other inputs, such as the Yarra River itself. Existing hydrologic-microorganism models were used for the estimation of the inputs from riverine and urban stormwater fluxes. These predictions were applied as boundary conditions for a new, highly simplified, model which accounts for the transport and survival of faecal microorganisms in the estuary. All models were calibrated using a rich dataset, containing over 2,000 measured Escherichia coli concentrations. Mass balances from the riverine and stormwater models indicate the limited influence of urban stormwater drains on the estuary during dry weather; less than 0.05% to 10% (5th and 95th percentile; median 0.5%) of the total daily E. coli load entering the estuary was derived from urban stormwater drains. While wet weather contributions from stormwater drains could be more significant (2% to 50%; 5th and 95th percentile), the average contribution remained marginal (median 10%). Sensitivity testing of the estuarine microorganism model by switching off stormwater boundary conditions resulted in minimal model efficiency reduction; this may reflect the low average daily contribution from urban stormwater drains. While these results confirm previous studies which show that E. coli loads derived from stormwater drains are dwarfed by other inputs, it is essential to note that these results also demonstrate that some conditions reveal the opposite; high proportions from stormwater are possible when combined with low riverine inputs and high urban rainfall. Furthermore, this study focuses on the overall impacts of direct urban stormwater inputs on the faecal contamination levels within the estuary, and localized impacts would certainly require further investigation.
Synthesis of porous sulfonated carbon as a potential adsorbent for phenol wastewater
Authors: Prabhu Azhagapillai , Al Shoaibi Ahmed , Srinivasakannan C.
Published: December 2015

The work reports a facile synthesis procedure for preparation of porous sulfonated carbons and its suitability for adsorption of phenol. The sulfonated carbon was synthesized utilizing a simplified, single-step, shorter duration process by sulfonation, dehydration and carbonization of sucrose in sulfuric acid and tetraethylorthosilicate. The surface and internal structures of the adsorbents were characterized utilizing various characterization techniques to understand the porous nature and surface functional groups of the porous matrix. Adsorption capacity was found to be highest for the sample heat treated at 600 °C, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 440 mg/g at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherms were tested with the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms models to identify the appropriate adsorption mechanism.
Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated aqueous solution by using red algae Porphyra leucosticta
Authors: Ye Jianjun , Xiao Henglin , Xiao Benlin , Xu Weisheng , Gao Linxia , Lin Gan
Published: December 2015

Bioremediation is an effective process for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, red algae Porphyra leucosticta was examined to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from wastewater through biological enrichment and biological precipitation. The experimental parameters that affect the bioremediation process such as pH, contact time and biomass dosage were studied. The maximum bioremediation capacity of metal ions was 31.45 mg/g for Cd(II) and 36.63 mg/g for Pb(II) at biomass dosage 15 g/L, pH 8.0 and contact time 120 minutes containing initial 10.0 mg/L of Cd(II) and 10.0 mg/L of Pb(II) solution. Red algae Porphyra leucosticta biomass was efficient at removing metal ions of 10.0 mg/L of Cd(II) and 10.0 mg/L of Pb(II) solution with bioremediation efficiency of 70% for Cd(II) and 90% for Pb(II) in optimal conditions. At the same time, the removal capacity for real industrial effluent was gained at 75% for 7.6 mg/L Cd(II) and 95% for 8.9 mg/L Pb(II). In conclusion, it is demonstrated that red algae Porphyra leucosticta is a promising, efficient, cheap and biodegradable sorbent biomaterial for reducing heavy metal pollution in the environment and wastewater.
Preparation of Bamboo Chars and Bamboo Activated Carbons to Remove Color and COD from Ink Wastewater
Authors: Hata Motohide , Amano Yoshimasa , Thiravetyan Paitip , Machida Motoi
Published: December 2015

Bamboo chars and bamboo activated carbons prepared by steam activation were applied for ink wastewater treatment. Bamboo char at 800 °C was the best for the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from ink wastewater compared to bamboo chars at 300 to 700 °C due to higher surface area and mesopore volume. Bamboo activated carbon at 600 °C (S600) was the best compared to bamboo activated carbon at 800 °C (S800), although S800 had larger surface area (1108 m2/g) than S600 (734 m2/g). S600 had higher mesopore volume (0.20 cm3/g) than S800 (0.16 cm3/g) and therefore achieved higher color and COD removal. All bamboo activated carbons showed higher color and COD removal efficiency than commercial activated carbon. In addition, S600 had the superior adsorption capacity for methylene blue (0.89 mmol/g). Therefore, bamboo is a suitable material to prepare adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants.
Hospital Readmission Following Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation for Older Adults With Debility
Authors: Galloway Rebecca V. , Karmarkar Amol M. , Graham James E. , Tan Alai , Raji Mukaila , Granger Carl V. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: December 2015

Background

Debility accounts for 10% of inpatient rehabilitation cases among Medicare beneficiaries. Debility has the highest 30-day readmission rate among 6 impairment groups most commonly admitted to inpatient rehabilitation.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine rates, temporal distribution, and factors associated with hospital readmission for patients with debility up to 90 days following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Design

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using records for 45,424 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with debility discharged to community from 1,199 facilities during 2006–2009.

Methods

Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for readmission. Schoenfeld residuals were examined to identify covariate-time interactions. Factor-time interactions were included in the full model for Functional Independence Measure (FIM) discharge motor functional status, comorbidity tier, and chronic pulmonary disease. Most prevalent reasons for readmission were summarized by Medicare severity diagnosis related groups.

Results

Hospital readmission rates for patients with debility were 19% for 30 days and 34% for 90 days. The highest readmission count occurred on day 3 after discharge, and 56% of readmissions occurred within 30 days. A higher FIM discharge motor rating was associated with lower hazard for readmissions prior to 60 days (30-day hazard ratio=0.987; 95% confidence interval=0.986, 0.989). Comorbidities with hazard ratios >1.0 included comorbidity tier and 11 Elixhauser conditions, 3 of which (heart failure, renal failure, and chronic pulmonary disease) were among the most prevalent reasons for readmission.

Limitations

Analysis of Medicare data permitted only use of variables reported for administrative purposes. Comorbidity data were analyzed only for inpatient diagnoses.

Conclusions

One-third of patients were readmitted to acute hospitals within 90 days following rehabilitation for debility. Protective effect of greater motor function was diminished by 60 days after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.
Translating Genomic Advances to Physical Therapist Practice: A Closer Look at the Nature and Nurture of Common Diseases
Authors: Curtis Catherine L. , Goldberg Allon , Kleim Jeffrey A. , Wolf Steven L.
Published: December 2015

The Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project have yielded new understanding of the influence of the human genome on health and disease, advancing health care in significant ways. In personalized medicine, genetic factors are used to identify disease risk and tailor preventive and therapeutic regimens. Insight into the genetic bases of cellular processes is revealing the causes of disease and effects of exercise. Many diseases known to have a major lifestyle contribution are highly influenced by common genetic variants. Genetic variants are associated with increased risk for common diseases such as cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Exercise response also is influenced by genetic factors. Knowledge of genetic factors can help clinicians better understand interindividual differences in disease presentation, pain experience, and exercise response. Family health history is an important genetic tool and encourages clinicians to consider the wider client-family unit. Clinicians in this new era need to be prepared to guide patients and their families on a variety of genomics-related concerns, including genetic testing and other ethical, legal, or social issues. Thus, it is essential that clinicians reconsider the role of genetics in the preservation of wellness and risk for disease to identify ways to best optimize fitness, health, or recovery. Clinicians with knowledge of the influence of genetic variants on health and disease will be uniquely positioned to institute individualized lifestyle interventions, thereby fulfilling roles in prevention and wellness. This article describes how discoveries in genomics are rapidly evolving the understanding of health and disease by highlighting 2 conditions: cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Genetic factors related to exercise effects also are considered.