bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest litterfall and its composition: a new data set of observational data from China
Authors: Jia Bingrui , Zhou Guangsheng , Xu Zhenzhu
Published: May 2016

Knowledge of litterfall production and its allocation is important for understanding nutrient cycling and assessing productivity in forest ecosystems; however, available litterfall datasets are rare in China. Consequently, in the present study, data from published studies (1970–2014) on litterfall and its composition in forest ecosystems in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) were collected, critically reviewed, and incorporated in a comprehensive forest litterfall data set for China. The data set included the following litterfall data: leaves, branches, reproductive parts (flowers and fruits), and miscellaneous. Moreover, associated information was also included, i.e., geographical location (latitude, longitude, altitude, aspect, and slope), climate [mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)], stand description (forest type, dominant tree species, stand origin, stand age, mean DBH, mean tree height and stand density), and data collection regime (sample frequency and date, trap size, and number). The data set included 904 entries for 168 study sites, that were distributed in various climate zones with latitudes 18.26°–51.50° N, longitudes 82.25°–129.53° E and altitudes 0–4115 m above sea level (a.s.l.), covering broad climatic gradients (−5.4 to 25.4°C in MAT and 370 to 2800 mm in MAP). The data can be used to analyze spatio‐temporal dynamics of China's forest litterfall and its allocation, understand nutrient cycling and assess productivity in forest ecosystems. Finally, the data set is freely available for noncommercial scientific applications.
Role of surgery in the multidisciplinary treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Rea Federico , Zucali Paolo Andrea , D’Ambrosio Lorenzo
Published: May 2016

No abstract available
Next generation sequencing (NGS) in oncology: lights and shadows
Authors: Nannini Margherita , Pantaleo Maria A.
Published: May 2016

Advances in tumor genome sequencing using next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have facilitated a greater understanding of the genetic abnormalities involved in cancer development and progression, dramatically changing oncology research. There are several different types of NGS technologies. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) determines the sequence of the complete genome, providing information on both coding and non-coding regions and structural variants. However, use is limited by the large volume of data generated, and associated time and resource costs. Whole exome sequencing (WES) determines the sequence of coding regions only, making it faster and cheaper than WGS, and the functional consequences of variants are easier to interpret. However, all variations in non-coding regions are missed. WGS and WES are often used together to maximize detection of variants. A less costly approach is the use of targeted sequencing, which focuses on particular regions of interest, based on their biological relevance. NGS technologies can also be used to sequence RNA, referred to as RNA-Seq. All these NGS technologies, individually or in combination, have a number of potential applications, including identification of biomarkers, and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, although advances have been made, there are a number of limitations to be overcome before NGS technologies are routinely applied in both research and clinical practice.
Systemic management of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors in older women: two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Luis Michael , Boussios Stergios , Dumas Lucy , Banerjee Susana
Published: May 2016

Background Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCT) account for 2-5% of ovarian malignancies, with an annual incidence of 0.5-1:100,000, typically occurring in young women. Yolk sac tumor (YST) is the second most common type of OGCT and has an aggressive phenotype. The rarity of this pathology in postmenopausal women poses challenges in the diagnosis and treatment.
Patients and Methods We report two clinical cases of YST in postmenopausal women treated at the Royal Marsden and discuss diagnosis and treatment issues of OGCTs in older women. A literature review was also performed, which identified thirty-nine cases, including the two reported in this article.
Results and Conclusion This showed that YSTs in older women are rare and are generally aggressive with poor clinical outcomes. Twelve of the described patients with malignant OGCTs died within 8 months of diagnosis. In conclusion, YST in postmenopausal women can have an aggressive disease course compared with younger patients. More evidence for the tolerability and outcomes of cytoreductive surgical approaches and intensive chemotherapy regimens in older patients is required.
Case 1 – Long-term response to bevacizumab and paclitaxel as second-line therapy in metastatic vaginal carcinoma
Authors: Schroecksnadel Sebastian , Suljkanovic Jasmina , Marth Christian , González-Martín Antonio , Lorusso Domenica
Published: May 2016

The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of vaginal carcinoma has not been well studied and is controversial. This case report describes a 59-year-old patient diagnosed with vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in May 2008. Initial surgery was performed with subsequent radiation therapy; 3 months later histologically-confirmed pulmonary metastases were detected. Chemotherapy with cisplatin and topotecan was administered and resulted in a mixed-disease response. Therefore, chemotherapy was switched to weekly paclitaxel and bevacizumab, which induced a complete response. After more than 70 months of follow-up there has been no sign of recurrence and the patient shows no evidence of disease. This patient had an exceptional response to the combination of bevacizumab and paclitaxel, and this combination warrants further investigation for its potential in vaginal carcinoma.
Case 2 – Trabectedin as a maintenance therapy in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer and BRCA1 germline mutation
Authors: Greco Filippo , Piacentini Paolo , Remo Andrea , Bonetti Andrea , Ferrandina Gabriella
Published: May 2016

Treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) is complex. This case report describes the effects of a sequence of treatments in a BRCA1 mutation carrier with serous papillary poorly differentiated, platinumsensitive ROC. This consisted in primary surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, secondary cytoreduction with Heated IntraPEritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), 12 cycles of trabectedin in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and 12 cycles of trabectedin alone, leading to complete radiological and biochemical response.
A imaginação apocalíptica, de John J. Collins
Authors: Roger Kenner R. C.
Published: May 2016

Resenha.
A Conferência do Nordeste e a Crise do Movimento Ecumênico Evangélico no Brasil
Authors: Dias Agemir de Carvalho
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisa o papel desempenhado pelo Setor de Responsabilidade Social da Igreja, que organizou a Conferência do Nordeste, e o seu impacto na crise que levou a dissolução da Confederação Evangélica do Brasil. A promoção das reuniões de estudo do Setor de Responsabilidade Social da Igreja da CEB ajudou a construir uma reflexão sobre a realidade social brasileira. A responsabilidade social da Igreja em uma situação de rápidas transformações sociais, proposta pelo Conselho Mundial de Igrejas, produziu uma significativa reflexão sobre o papel a ser desempenhado pela igreja evangélica no Brasil nas transformações que estavam ocorrendo na sociedade. A Conferência do Nordeste e as suas propostas de participação de transformação da sociedade brasileira levaram a uma reação de setores conservadores e a perseguição dos participantes do setor de Responsabilidade Social da CEB após o golpe militar de 1964. Esse processo levou a uma crise do movimento ecumênico evangélico que culminou com a dissolução da Confederação Evangélica do Brasil.Palavras-chave: Conferência do Nordeste. Confederação Evangélica do Brasil. Protestantismo Brasileiro. Responsabilidade Social. Movimento Ecumênico.
"Quem falou em inferno?”: Uma análise do discurso sobre a heresia de Rob Bell
Authors: Lemos Daniel Dantas
Published: May 2016

Este artigo se propõe a realizar uma análise do discurso acerca de hereges e rebeldes no ambiente do protestantismo evangélico brasileiro, a partir da repercussão da obra do pastor norte-americano Rob Bell no Brasil. Para tanto, selecionou como corpus de pesquisa uma entrevista concedida por Bell à revista Veja e sua repercussão junto ablogueiros evangélicos quando do lançamento de sua obra “O amor vence”, em 2012.  Concluímos que quando Rob Bell decide expor ideias sobre o inferno que não se baseiam nem na autoridade da Igreja, nem em sua teologia ou tradição, adota um sentido sobre a questão que não se qualifica como legítimo ou literal. Por consequência a instituição deve lhe identificar como herege e desqualificá-lo junto ao seu potencial público leitor. Dessa maneira, buscamos entender os mecanismos de exclusão embutidos na classificação como hereges. Buscamos, também, compreender como funcionam esses mecanismos, através da análise de um caso concreto e atual. This paper proposes to conduct a discourse analysis about heretics and rebels in the Brazilian Evangelical Protestantism environment from the impact of Rob Bell's books in Brazil. To do so, we selected the corpus of research an interview by Bell to Veja magazine and its impact along the evangelical bloggers on the launch of his book "Love Wins" in 2012. We concluded that when Rob Bell decided to expose ideas about hell not based either in the Church's authority, or in their theology or tradition, he adopted a meaning on the issue that does not qualify as legitimate or literal. Consequently the institution must identify him as a heretic and disqualify you from your potential audience reader. In this way, we seek to understand the mechanisms of exclusion embedded in the standings as heretics. We seek to understand how to work these mechanisms, through the analysis of a concrete and current case.
Ética: da conservação raciocêntrica à libertação em Jesus Cristo
Authors: Carneiro Everton Nery
Published: May 2016

Nossa reflexão aborda a perspectiva de que a ética ocidental está assentada no raciocentrismo, que tem sua gênese no modelo socrático-platônico. Esta ética é diferente da ética do evangelho, portanto da ética cristã, a qual tem sua base nos discursos atribuídos a Jesus Cristo, os quais são libertadores e revolucionários. Buscar essa proposta ética é uma busca em torno do sentido do texto, libertador e revolucionário, que traz como possibilidade fazer um mergulho na sua vida de Jesus, no seu ambiente, nas suas relações, nos seus discursos e na sua ação, ou no que dizem que ele falou e principalmente o que os testemunhos de sua vida oferecem aos outros. Na construção do discurso religioso e na construção da ética encontramos a linguagem na perspectiva comunicativa e da própria interação social. Assim, para tratar da ética de e em Jesus é de suma importância que se parta do princípio que a sua mensagem é universal e, portanto, se faz mister realizar a sua tradução numa linguagem que também sendo universal possa alcançar a todos indistintamente, provocando uma clarificação em um mundo formado por um grande número de pessoas que se relacionam de forma cada vez menor com o sagrado, sendo estas pessoas produto de um intenso processo de alienação e colonialismo. Our reflection addresses the perspective that Western ethics sits in raciocentrismo, having its genesis in the Socratic-Platonic model. This ethics is different from the gospel ethic, therefore of Christian ethics, which based on the various speeches attributed to Jesus Christ that are liberating and revolutionaries. To search this ethics proposal is a search around the liberating and revolutionary meaning of the text, bringing the opportunity to go deep in the life of Jesus, in their environment, in their relationships, in their speeches and in their action, in his speeches and especially what the testimonies of his life offer to others. In the construction of religious discourse and ethics we find the language in communicative perspective and its own social interaction. So, do deal with Jesus’ ethics is of paramount importance to assume that its message is universal and that is necessary to translate it in a language that can also be universal and can reach everyone indiscriminately, bringing light in a world made up of a large number of people that relate less and less with the sacred, and these people are a product of an intense process of alienation and colonialism.
O Evangelho de Marcos: Uma análise semiótica de um Cristo carnavalizado
Authors: Carneiro Camila Leite Oliver
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisaa perícope de Marcos 11,1-11 sob o prisma da Semiótica Greimasiana. Para tanto, a abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa, por trabalhar com o universo de significados, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valorese atitudes. No que se refere ao método, a Semiótica Greimasiana interessa-se pelo texto como um todo, e aceita o fato de o texto não ser a simples soma de frases. Dessa maneira, busca-se integrar, por meio da enunciação, a análise interna do texto, fundamental para que se reconheçam os mecanismos e regras de geração do discurso, com a análise externa do contexto histórico em que o texto está inserido. O artigo baseia-se também na referência do mundo carnavalizado apontado por Bakhtin, levantando figuras que, relacionadas às ancoragens de tempo e espaço, remetem à necessidade de libertação diante da situação de opressão vivida pela comunidade retratada em Marcos. This paper analyzes the pericope of Mark 11,1-11 from the perspective of Greimas’s Semiotics. It is a qualitative research because it deals with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes. As method, Greimas’s Semiotics is interested in the text as a whole, and accept the fact that it isn’t the simple sum of sentences. In this way, the paper seeks to integrate through enunciation the internal analysis, which is fundamental to recognize the mechanisms and rules of generation of speech, with the external analysis of the historical context in which the text is inserted. The paper is also based on the world reference of carnival pointed out by Bakhtin, raising figures relating to anchorages of time and space, refer to the need to release before the oppressive situation experienced by the community portrayed in Mark.
Pentecostalismo e Periferia – Expropriação, Evangelização e Tradição Étnica
Authors: Eliane Farias Lusival Barcellos E
Published: May 2016

Como nos séculos passados, os povos indígenas continuam resistindo para sobreviver em meio a uma sociedade preconceituosa que nega o direito de ser diferente. O presente trabalho versa sobre os indígenas Tabajara da Paraíba, expropriados do seu território, no litoral sul paraibano. Nos tempos hodiernos vivem num processo de etnogênese, reivindicando seus direitos e reelaborando suas tradições. A problemática do estudo se refere aos Tabajara fiéis à doutrina Protestante, que convivem com uma nova realidade: a de exteriorizar seus sinais diacríticos ou sua religiosidade Pentecostal. O estudo está fundamentado nos autores: Barcellos e Farias (2012; 2014), Mendonça (1989), Wright (2004), dentre outros. Utilizou-se da metodologia qualitativa para adentrar no universo de significados, crenças e valores desses indígenas. Foi usado na coleta de dados a observação participante e entrevistas abertas. O resultado da pesquisa revela as transformações ocorridas na vida desses indígenas, convertidos às denominações religiosas pentecostais após a diáspora ocorrida no século XIX. As in past centuries, indigenous peoples continue to resist to survive amid a prejudiced society that denies the right to be different. This paper deals with the ParaíbaTabajara Indians, dispossessed of their territory in the south coast of Paraiba. In modern times they live in ethnogenesis process, claiming their rights and reworking their traditions. The study of the problem relates to Tabajara faithful to Protestant doctrine, living with a new reality: to externalize their diacritics or his Pentecostal religion. The study is based on the authors: Barcellos and Farias (2012; 2014), Mendonça (1989), Wright (2004), among others. We used qualitative methods to enter the universe of meanings, beliefs and values ​​of these indigenous. It was used in data collection participant observation and open interviews. The search result shows the changes occurring in the lives of indigenous people converted to Pentecostal denominations after the diaspora occurred in the nineteenth century.
A ótica da cruz. Uma inversão da teologia
Authors: Neto Joaquim José de Moraes
Published: May 2016

Na sua theologia crucis Lutero identifica a situação de indigência do ser humano no mundo, através do sofrimento. Em Heidelberg (1518), ele demonstrou que havia outra ótica teológica através da qual poder-se-ia compreender a vida cristã. Não era a teologia da glória, herança da concepção teológica medieval emanada da escolástica aristotélico-tomista. Na theologia crucis estamos diante de um princípio de conhecimento teológico que se fundamenta tanto na concepção paulina da cruz, quanto na concepção do sofrimento humano levado até suas derradeiras consequências. Lutero identifica o topos de Deus. Há um lugar do e no qual Deus se mostra, a nossa humanidade. Esta revelação de Deus abre a humanidade. Abrir significa demonstrar, definir mostrando as entranhas. A revelação está para os humilhados, os sofredores. Deus se revela na fraqueza, a qual se expressa na inversão, ou seja, no abrir as entranhas e mostrar sua própria carne.In his theologia crucis Luther identifies the extreme poverty of the human being in the world through suffering. In Heidelberg (1518), he demonstrated that there was another theological perspective through which to understand Christian life. It was not the medieval theology of glory, inherited from the Scholasticism. In Luther’s theologia crucis we face a principle of theological knowledge which is based both in the Pauline concept of the cross as in the conception of human suffering brought to its ultimate consequences. Luther identifies the topos of God. There is a place from and in which God shows Himself, that is, our humanity. This revelation of God opens humanity. To open means to demonstrate, to show His entrails. The revelation is for the humiliated, the suffering people. God is revealed in weakness, which is expressed in the reversal, that is, in opening His bowels and showing His own flesh.
The word of the cross, power and wisdom of God: A study of 1 Corinthians 1-4
Authors: Filho José Adriano
Published: May 2016

1 Coríntios 1-4 revela os problemas e as preocupações de Paulo com as divisões na igreja de Corinto. Estas divisões, descritas como “ciúmes e contendas”, aconteciam porque algumas pessoas estavam mais interessados nas características dos líderes que veneravam do que na teologia que representavam. Estas pessoas também se opunham a Paulo (2.1-5; 3.5-4.21), e a “palavra da cruz” é a referência a partir da qual ele lida com estes problemas. A “discórdia” foi criada por pessoas que declaravam sua lealdade a diferentes líderes (1.11-12). A sabedoria, estimada pelos coríntios e, provavelmente, o critério utilizado na avaliação e compromisso com estes líderes, é uma categoria conceptual importante do texto. Há uma correlação entre estes dois fatores: as críticas apresentadas indicam uma atitude negativa para com Paulo e estão relacionadas com os valores e condutas das pessoas que instigavam a rivalidade que dividia a comunidade. 1 Corinthians 1-4 reveals Paul’s problems and concerns regarding the divisions within the church of Corinth. Such schisms, described as “jealousy and quarreling”, arose because some people were more interested in the traits of the leaders they revered than in the theology they represented. Those people also opposed to Paul (2,1-5; 3,5-4,21); and the “word of the cross” is the point of reference from which he tackles those problems. The “discord” had been sown by people professing their loyalty to different leaders (1,11-12). Wisdom – cherished by the Corinthians, and probably the yardstick employed in their assessment and commitment to those leaders – is an important conceptual category in the text. There is a correlation between these two factors: the criticism referred to suggest a negative attitude towards Paul; and it is linked to the conduct and values held by the people who stirred up the rivalry which split the community apart.
Special Issue on Machining of CFRP Composites
Authors: Hosokawa Akira
Published: May 2016

There is a growing need for carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP/CFRTP/GFRP) inthe aircraft, aerospace, and automotive industries due to their high strength-to-weightratio, high rigidity, and other features. Using these outstanding composites as machinecomponents requires machining with the desired configuration, accuracy, and surfaceintegrity. However, due to the composite structure of high-strength carbon fiber and theadhesive plastics, CFRP is difficult to machine without causing spalling or delamination,fluffing, fiber pullout, thermal degradation of the matrix resin, or other kinds of surfaceor subsurface damage. Rapid tool wear is also a serious problem that varies with thefiber orientation of the CFRP. In order to avoid these problems, various innovative or careful approaches have beentaken in drilling, trimming by milling, sawing, and grinding CFRP. Non-traditional machiningtechniques, including the use of abrasive waterjets, have been employed. Inthese techniques, the machining process, tool geometry, cooling system, and other machiningparameters are optimized. In addition, the influence of surface integrity on thetensile and/or fatigue strength or on other mechanical properties of CFRP has also drawninterest. In addition, regarded as a “machining process” in a broad sense, the press formingof continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) sheets is a promising techniqueused in the manufacture of structural components. In CFRTP forming, the effects thatfiber layout naturally have on the deformation mechanisms must be understood, andtemperature, pressure, speed, and stroke control should be optimized. This special issue consists of twelve recent, high-quality research articles related to themachining of CFRP composite materials. These articles include one review and eleventechnical papers on the topics of drilling, end milling, abrasive waterjet machining, andforming. The editors would like to express our deep appreciation to all the authors fortheir invaluable submissions and to the anonymous reviewers for their earnest efforts.Without these, this special issue could not have been published. We hope that furtherresearch on the machining of CFRP composites will make advances inspired by thisspecial issue.
A Damage-Free Machining Method for CFRP Without Feedback Control Systems
Authors: Kondo Yasuo ,   Yamagata University, Sakamoto Satoshi ,   , E-mail: kondo@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp,   Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
Published: May 2016

A damage-free cutting method called the constant- load feeding method is proposed as a high-precision machining method in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) cutting. The constant-load feeding method can minimize cutting defects such as burrs and scuffing during diamond-saw cutting. In addition, there was no apparent cutting damage to the cutting surface from drilling with a high-speed steel twist drill. The cutting resistance was kept at a constant value during the entire process. The constant-load feeding can self-regulate the optimal tool feed rate to realize damage-free machining of CFRP composites without any feedback control systems based on the cutting-force.
Estimation of Cutting Temperature in High-Feed-Speed Machining of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Ishida Takuki ,   School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Koike Ryo , Aoyama Tojiro , Kakinuma Yasuhiro ,   , E-mail: ishida@ams.sd.keio.ac.jp
Published: May 2016

In recent years, many composite materials have been used in industry. Among such materials, the demand for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is increasing. Although CRFP is used in various fields such as the aerospace industry, automotive industry, and sports equipment because of its light weight and high strength, it has poor production efficiency. Thus, carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP), with characteristics similar to CFRP but higher in production efficiency, has attracted attention in areas such as the automotive industry. Because CFRTP is used as a structural element, it is usually drilled to allow connection to other parts. However, it is a difficult-to-cut material requiring the development of a high-accuracy, high-efficiency processing method. This study proposes high-feed-speed processing as a method that achieves high-quality drilling at low cost. The cutting temperature was estimated to verify the effect of the high-feed-speed processing method, and processing conditions that prevented delamination and burring were identified.
Experimental Investigation of Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Titanium Graphite Laminates
Authors: Ramulu M. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Isvilanonda Vara , Pahuja Rishi , Hashish Mohamed ,   , E-mail: ramulum@u.washington.edu,   Flow International, Kent WA, USA
Published: May 2016

High temperature Fiber Metal Laminate – Titanium/Graphite (Ti/Gr) is an advanced material system, developed to meet the high temperature requirements in aerospace applications. High specific strength and stiffness of composite core along with its protection from aggressive environment by tough titanium alloy sheets qualify FMLs for a promising alternative material where metallic and composites overcome each other's limitations. However, industrial employability of this three phase system is often limited by the machining challenges posed by the difference in material removal mechanisms of Titanium alloy, PIXA thermoplastic polyimide resin and graphite fibers. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the machinability of 1 mm thick Ti/Gr laminate sheets through Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machining process in terms of kerf characteristics and material removal rate. The parametric influence of AWJ operating variables on machining performance was studied by systematically measuring operating variables (traverse speed and Abrasive flow rate) using fully crossed Design of experiment (DOE) scheme, and statistically analyzing using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) technique. Empirical models were developed to quantify these effects and predict the influence of process parameters on material removal rate, kerf taper, entry damage width and overcut in straight cutting of Ti/Gr sheets.
Nanopore Compositional Modeling in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Alharthy Najeeb S. , Teklu Tadesse W. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Kazemi Hossein , Graves Ramona M.
Published: May 2016

Understanding the mechanism of multicomponent mass transport in the nanopores of unconventional reservoirs, such as Eagle Ford, Niobrara, Woodford, and Bakken, is of great interest because it influences long-term economic development of such reservoirs. Thus, we began to examine the phase behavior and flow characteristics of multicomponent flow in primary production in nanoporous reservoirs. Besides primary recovery, our long-term objectives included enhanced oil production from such reservoirs. The first step was to evaluate the phase behavior in nanopores on the basis of pore-size distribution. This was motivated because the physical properties of hydrocarbon components are affected by wall proximity in nanopores as a result of van der Waals molecular interactions with the pore walls. For instance, critical pressure and temperature of hydrocarbon components shift to lower values as the nanopore walls become closer. In our research, we applied this kind of critical property shift to the hydrocarbon components of two Eagle Ford fluid samples. Then, we used the shifted phase characteristics in dual-porosity compositional modeling to determine the pore-to-pore flow characteristics, and, eventually, the flow behavior of hydrocarbons to the wells. In the simulation, we assigned three levels of phase behavior in the matrix and fracture pore spaces. In addition, the flow hierarchy included flow from matrix (nano-, meso-, and macropores) to macrofractures, from macrofractures to a hydraulic fracture (HF), and through the HF to the production well.

From the simulation study, we determined why hydrocarbon fluids flow so effectively in ultralow-permeability shale reservoirs. The simulation also gave credence to the intuitive notion that favorable phase behavior (phase split) in the nanopores is one of the major reasons for production of commercial quantities of light oil and gas from shale reservoirs. It was determined that the implementation of confined-pore and midconfined-pore phase behavior lowers the bubblepoint pressure, and this, in turn, leads to a slightly higher oil recovery and lesser gas recovery. Also it was determined that the implementation of midconfined-pore and confined-pore phase-behavior shift reduces the retrograde liquid-condensation region, which in turn, leads to lower liquid yield while maintaining the same gas-production quantity. Finally, the important reason that we are able to produce shale reservoirs economically is “rubblizing” the reservoir matrix near HFs, which creates favorable permeability pathways to improve reservoir drainage. This is why multistage hydraulic fracturing is so critical for successful development of shale reservoirs.
Approximation by modified integral type Jakimovski-Leviatan operators
Authors: Çiğdem Atakuta , Büyükyazıcı İbrahim
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we give a generalization of the integral type
Jakimovski-Leviatan operators, introduced by Ciupa [1]. Theorems on
convergence and the rate of convergence of the operators by using the first
and second order modulus of continuity are established. We also study the
convergence of these operators in a weighted space of functions.
On multi-order fractional differential operators in the unit disk
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha , Ozel Cenap
Published: May 2016

In this article, we generalize fractional operators (differential and
integral) in the unit disk. These operators are generalized the
Srivastava-Owa operators. Geometric properties are studied and the advantages
of these operators are discussed. As an application, we impose a method,
involving a memory formalism of the Beer-Lambert equation based on a new
generalized fractional differential operator. We give solutions in terms of
the multi-index Mittag-Leffler function. In addition, we sanctify the out
come from a stochastic standpoint. We utilize the generalized Wright function
to obtain the analytic formula of solutions.
New approach to some results related to mixed norm sequence spaces
Authors: Djolovic Ivana , Malkowsky Eberhard , Petkovic Katarina
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the mixed norm sequence spaces ?p,q for 1 ? p,q ? ? are the
subject of our research; we establish conditions for an operator T? to be
compact, where T? is given by a diagonal matrix. This will be achieved by
applying the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and the theory of BK spaces.
This problem was treated and solved in [5, 6], but in a different way,
without the application of the theory of infinite matrices and BK spaces.
Here, we will present a new approach to the problem. Some of our results are
known and others are new.
On some previous results for the Drazin inverse of block matrices
Authors: Visnjic Jelena
Published: May 2016

This short paper is motivated by the paper of Bu et al. [C. Bu, C. Feng, P.
Dong, A note on computational formulas for the Drazin inverse of certain
block matrices, J. Appl. Math. Comput.(38) (2012) 631-640], where the authors
gave additive formula for Drazin inverse for matrices under new conditions,
and two representations under some specific conditions. Here is shown that
the additive formula is not valid for all matrices which satisfy given
conditions. Also, here is proved that the representations which were given in
mentioned paper do not extend the results given by Hartwig et al. [R.
Hartwig, X. Li, Y. Wei, Representations for the Drazin inverse of a 2 _ 2
block matrix, SIAM J. Matrix. Anal. Appl. (27)(2006) 757-771 ], in fact they
are equivalent.
On the domination polynomials of friendship graphs
Authors: Alikhani Saeid , Brown Jason , Jahari Somayeh
Published: May 2016

Let G be a simple graph of order n. The domination polynomial of G is the
polynomial D(G,x)= n?i=0 d(G,i)xi, where d(G,i) is the number of dominating
sets of G of size i. Let n be any positive integer and Fn be the Friendship
graph with 2n + 1 vertices and 3n edges, formed by the join of K1 with nK2.
We study the domination polynomials of this family of graphs, and in
particular examine the domination roots of the family, and find the limiting
curve for the roots. We also show that for every n > 2, Fn is not D-unique,
that is, there is another non-isomorphic graph with the same domination
polynomial. Also we construct some families of graphs whose real domination
roots are only -2 and 0. Finally, we conclude by discussing the domination
polynomials of a related family of graphs, the n-book graphs Bn, formed by
joining n copies of the cycle graph C4 with a common edge.
Direct estimates for Lupaş-Durrmeyer operators
Authors: Aral Ali , Gupta Vijay
Published: May 2016

The generalization of the Bernstein polynomials based on Polya distribution
was first considered by Stancu [14]. Very recently Gupta and Rassias [6]
proposed the Durrmeyer type modification of the Lupa? operators and
established some results. Now we extend the studies and here we estimate the
convergence estimates, which include quantitative asymptotic formula and rate
of approximation bounded variation. We also give an open problem for readers
to obtain the moments using hypergeometric function.
Iterative methods for the class of quasi-contractive type operators and comparsion of their rate of convergence in convex metric spaces
Authors: Fukhar-ud-din Hafiz , Berinde Vasile
Published: May 2016

We introduce modified Noor iterative method in a convex metric space and
apply it to approximate fixed points of quasi-contractive operators
introduced by Berinde [6]. Our results generalize and improve upon, among
others, the corresponding results of Berinde [6], Bosede [9] and
Phuengrattana and Suantai [20]. We also compare the rate of convergence of
proposed iterative method to the iterative methods due to Noor [26], Ishikawa
[14] and Mann [18]. It has been observed that the proposed method is faster
than the other three methods. Incidently the results obtained herein provide
analogues of the corresponding results of normed spaces and holds in CAT(0)
spaces, simultaneously.
Error bounds for Gauss-Lobatto quadrature formula with multiple end points with Chebyshev weight function of the third and the fourth kind
Authors: Mihic Ljubica , Pejcev Aleksandar , Spalevic Miodrag
Published: May 2016

For analytic functions the remainder terms of quadrature formulae can be
represented as a contour integral with a complex kernel. We study the kernel,
on elliptic contours with foci at the points -+1, for Gauss-Lobatto
quadrature formula with multiple end points with Chebyshev weight function of
the third and the fourth kind. Starting from the explicit expression of the
corresponding kernel, derived by Gautschi and Li, we determine the locations
on the ellipses where maximum modulus of the kernel is attained. The obtained
values confirm the corresponding conjectured values given by Gautschi and Li
in paper [The remainder term for analytic functions of Gauss-Radau and
Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules with multiple end points, Journal of
Computational and Applied Mathematics 33 (1990) 315-329.]
On generalized null Mannheim curves in Minkowski space-time
Authors: Grbovic Milica , Ilarslan Kazim , Nesovic Emilija
Published: May 2016

We define generalized null Mannheim curves in Minkowski space-time and
characterize them and their generalized Mannheim mate curves in terms of
curvature functions, and obtain relations between their frames. We provide
examples of such curves.
On Avakumovic’s theorem for generalized Thomas-Fermi differential equations
Authors: Jaros Jaroslav , Kusano Takaŝi
Published: May 2016

For the generalized Thomas-Fermi differential equation (|x?|??1x?)? =
q(t)|x|??1x, it is proved that if 1 ? ? < ? and q(t) is a regularly varying
function of index ? with ? > ?? ? 1, then all positive solutions that tend
to zero as t ? 1 are regularly varying functions of one and the same
negative index p and their asymptotic behavior at infinity is governed by
the unique definite decay law. Further, an attempt is made to generalize
this result to more general quasilinear differential equations of the form
(p(t)|x?|??1x?)? = q(t)|x|??1x.
Maximal Tychonoff spaces and normal isolator covers
Authors: Basu C.K. , Mandal S.S.
Published: May 2016

We introduce a new kind of cover called a normal isolator cover to
characterize maximal Tychonoff spaces. Such a study is used to provide an
alternative proof of an interesting result of Feng and Garcia-Ferreira in
1999 that every maximal Tychonoff space is extremally disconnected. Maximal
tychonoffness of subspaces is also discussed.
Existence results for nonlinear impulsive qk-integral boundary value problems
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Ahmad Bashir , Wang Guotao
Published: May 2016

We investigate a nonlinear impulsive qk-integral boundary value problem by
means of Leray-Schauder degree theory and contraction mapping principle. The
conditions ensuring the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the problem
are presented. An illustrative example is discussed.
Molecular Recognition of Wax Inhibitor Through Pour Point Depressant Type Inhibitor
Authors: Ridzuan Norida , Adam Fatmawati , Yaacob Zulkefli
Published: May 2016

The deposition or crystallization of wax paraffin from crude oils is one of the crucial issues faced in the petroleum industry particularly when the temperature of the crude oil is below the wax appearance temperature (WAT). Pour Point Depressants (PPDs) chemical is proven to be an efficient way to solve this problem. This study investigated poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate(EVA)) and Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)(MA) polymer inhibitors on the van der Waals intermolecular interaction between the major wax component molecule n-octacosane C28H58, via molecular dynamics simulation (MD) technique on Material Studio 5.5 software Package. COMPASS force field was applied to analyse the desired structural property, Radial Distribution Function (RDF). The results showed that the radial distribution function and g (r) value is able to give the insight on which particular type of fuctional atoms were benefit to inhibit the self-agglomerate of the wax crystal formation. The presence of carbonyl oxygen in EVA plays a significant role to inhibit the wax formation through the van der Waals interaction between active hydrogen atoms in n-octacosane molecule. Therefore the chances of wax inhibition in octacosane is higher by introduced EVA as inhibitor compared to MA.

Introduction

Wax deposition from crude oil from the subsea can occur along the pipeline transpotation which is connected from offshore well to the onshore [1]–[4]. The deposition or crystallization phenomenon occurs when the operating temperature of the pipeline is below the Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) where the long linear n-paraffin chains of waxy crude come into contact with the circumference of the pipeline. The chains crystalize and adhere to each other inside the pipeline [5]. The deposition of wax can reduce the oil production operation through the blockage due to pipeline restrictions, failure of equipment, additional horsepower requirement [1].
Removal of Divalent Cations from Brine Using Selective Adsorption onto Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Qing , Prigiobbe Valentina , Huh Chun , Bryant Steven Lawrence , Mogensen Kristian , Bennetzen Martin Vad
Published: May 2016

Divalent cations, especially calcium (Ca2+), are known to significantly affect the performance of anionic surfactants and polymers used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. An efficient technique to remove Ca2+ from brine is reported, which is based on selective adsorption of Ca2+ onto functionalized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs). Upon adsorption, the IOMNPs can be separated by applying a magnetic field, leaving behind softened water.

IOMNP was synthesized by coprecipitation, and the amine-functionalization of its surface was obtained according to an aqueous APTES coating process. Chelating agent, polyacrylic acid (PAA), was successfully coated on amine-functionalized IOMNPs via amidation of carboxylic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). PAA modification significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of IOMNPs due to their great ability to chelate Ca2+. The effect of pH on adsorption capacity was also investigated. The adsorption capacity of Ca2+ onto PAA-IOMNPs was found to be as high as 57.2 mg/g at pH 7 from the 400 mg/L Ca2+ solution. However, in American Petroleum Institute (API) standard brine (8×104 mg/L NaCl and 2×104 mg/L CaCl2), the adsorption capacity of IOMNPs decreased to 9.8 mg/g since the high salinity screens the charges on the surface of PAA-IOMNPs and results in the formation of nanoparticle aggregates. PAA-IOMNPs can be reused after treated by acetic acid solution.

A geochemical model was developed to describe the competitive adsorption of Ca2+ and H+ onto amine-functionalized IOMNPs as a function of solution pH and Ca2+ concentration. Comparison between the model and the experiments shows that the adsorption isotherms predict the behavior of the system very well. Below pH 4, adsorption of Ca2+ is negligible and becomes important above pH 7. This opens the possibility of recovering the nanoparticles after the divalent cation removal, and reusing them for the repeated water softening.
Successful Application of Through Casing Saturation Technology to Increase Oil Production in an Offshore Mature Well
Authors: Hughes Mark Anthony , Kramer Hermann , Ramli Mohamad Najib , Abdul Razak Rafidah , Valouiski Konstantin
Published: May 2016

An oil well incremental production increase of 1534 bopd and water cut decrease from 40% to 26% was the result of collaboration between a new through casing petrophysical technology provider and the reservoir management team. Post-production saturation logging was conducted through casing over an upper unperforated section of sand in a mature Peninsular Malaysia offshore deviated oil producer (Well-X).Well-X initially discovered16m of gas and38m of oil in a channel sand reservoir. To avoid early gas coning, Well-X was completed as an oil producer in the lower sand below a shale barrier. Simulation studies indicated that oil had been pushed up with water injection from a down dip water injector and that the upper sand should now be oil saturated. The 72 degree wellbore coupled with tubing and casing across the zone of interest added a challenge to cost-effectively confirm the simulation results.

To meet the challenge, the upper sand was logged in real time mode using tractor delivery method with a new through casing petrophysical tool capable of measuring saturation through multiple strings of pipe among other important parameters. Comparing the saturation log with the pre-production saturation log indicated an increase in oil saturation as predicted. Subsequent perforation and flow-back of the upper zone confirmed the simulation studies increased oil saturation. Post perforation test rates indicated an increased oil rate from 2400 bopd to3934bopd, and decreased water cut from 40% to26%, and with no indication of any free gas production.

Background

The H sand oil reservoir is one of many stacked (>250) gas and oil clastic reservoirs located in a Peninsular Malaysia offshore asset. The H sand oil reservoir was discovered by an appraisal / development well (Well X) drilled from one of the field's satellite platforms in 2009. (Figure 1)

Well X was drilled to appraise / develop a primary I sand oil target, with well trajectory optimized to penetrate a secondary H sand gas appraisal (Figure 2). The primary target I sand however turned out to be gas on water, whereas the well discovered a GOC in the H sand (Figure 3).

Well X was completed in the H oil zone below a shale barrier to avoid the gas (Figure 3), and put on an extended well test for 6 mths. Material balance / simulation history match indicated sufficient oil column for subsequent downdip water injection, which was drilled and completed in 2010 and saw the H sand OWC. From 2010 the H sand has been under production with downdip water injection support.

Well-X produced dry oil at about 3600 bopd until early 2013, when water breakthrough occurred (Figure 4). By 2013 Well X had recovered 5 mmstb of an estimated 17 MMstb in place. The observed water breakthrough was predicted by a history-matched Eclipse numerical simulation model of the H sand model.
High Resolution Anisotropic Earth Model Building on Conventional Seismic Data Using Full Waveform Inversion: A Case Study Offshore Australia
Authors: Lim Bee Jik , Vigh Denes , Alwon Stephen , Hydal Saeeda N. , Bayly Martin , Manuel Chris , Chagalov Dimitri , Hampson Gary , Bevc Dimitri
Published: May 2016

We present a case study from the North West Shelf of Australia where the complexity of the overburden consists of several thin multi-level channel systems filled with a combination of anomalously high or low velocity sediments. Not accounting for these strong velocity variations accurately, can lead to subtle image distortions affecting the underlying section down to and including the reservoir level. This can have significant impact on the volumetric estimates of reserves in place. To resolve these complexities in the overburden, full waveform inversion (FWI) was utilized to generate an updated earth model exploiting both early arrivals and reflection events. One caveat to using full waveform inversion is the need for low frequencies to be present in the seismic data, or, the initial starting velocity model must contain the correct low wavenumber components. However, conventional seismic data acquired at shallow tow depths are usually band limited particularly at the very low frequencies. Our case study will discuss these issues along with other limitations that this "conventional data" presented along with the workflows and quality control methods adapted to this data in order to converge to a plausible, high resolution earth model.

Introduction

An accurate earth model is fundamental to any depth imaging project. Full waveform inversion is an advanced model building technique incorporating the full two way wave equation. Full waveform inversion produces an accurate high resolution earth model by simultaneously using the information of travel time, amplitude and phase contained in the full recorded seismic wavefield. One pre-requisite to full waveform inversion is an initial starting model. In this case study, the initial starting model was derived from a smooth version of a reflection travel time tomography velocity field derived from a depth migration workflow. The full waveform inversion process utilizes this model and a two-way wave equation finite difference acoustic wavefield propagator to generate modelled seismic data. These modelled shots are then compared to the acquired (observed) recorded seismic shots. The residual differences are backward propagated from time to depth domain, into velocity gradients and velocity changes required to obtain an updated model (see Figure 1). As with solving any non-linear inversion problem, it is an iterative process and is repeated as required until the residuals between the modelled shots and the actual observed seismic data are minimized. Iterations start at low frequencies and progress to higher frequencies.