bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High co‐expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 as a predictor of platinum resistance and poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Shen Shizhen , Qin Jiale , Fei Weidong , Fan Fengyun , Gu Jiaxin , Shen Tao , Zhang Tao , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim was to assess the expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in relation to platinum resistance and prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Population or Sample

We included 192 eligible patients from hospital between January 2002 and December 2018.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the medical records of patients with EOC. Surgical specimens of EOC were stained for SLC7A11 and GPX4. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical end points include platinum‐free interval (PFI), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Patients with high co‐expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 had a 60‐fold higher risk of platinum resistance compared with those with low co‐expression (risk ratio, 60.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.76–160.58; p < 0.001). Moreover, high co‐expression level of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] 4.44, 95% CI, 2.77–7.14) and poor PFS (p < 0.001, HR = 5.73, 95% CI, 3.86–8.73). For in vitro experiments, SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression were both upregulated in platinum‐resistant cells compared with their parental ovarian cancer cells, and siRNA‐induced SLC7A11 and GPX4 inhibition decreased platinum resistance.

Conclusions

High expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 are associated with platinum resistance in EOC patients. High co‐expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 may be a significant independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for platinum resistance in EOC patients.
Sustainability issues along the coffee chain: From the field to the cup
Authors: Barreto Peixoto Juliana A. , Silva Joana F. , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Alves Rita C.
Published: December 2022

The coffee industry is one of the most important commercial value chains worldwide. Nonetheless, it is also associated to several social, economic, and environmental concerns that impair its sustainability. The present review is focused on these main sustainability concerns from the field to the coffee cup, as well as on the strategies that are being developed and/or implemented to attain sustainability and circular economy principles in the different chain segments. In this context, distinct approaches have been applied, such as sustainable certifications (e.g., voluntary sustainability standards), corporate sustainability initiatives, direct trade, relationship coffee concepts, geographical indication, legislations, waste management, and byproducts valorization, among others. These strategies are addressed and discussed throughout this review, as well as their recognized advantages and limitations. Overall, there is still a long way to go to attain the much‐desired sustainability in the coffee chain, being essential to join the efforts of all actors and entities directly or indirectly involved, namely, producers, retailers, roasters, governments, educational institutions (such as universities and scientific research institutes), and organizations.
Navigating the seven challenges of taxonomic reference databases in metabarcoding analyses
Authors: Keck François , Couton Marjorie , Altermatt Florian
Published: December 2022

Assessment of biodiversity using metabarcoding data, such as from bulk or environmental DNA sampling, is becoming increasingly relevant in ecology, biodiversity sciences and monitoring. Thereby, the taxonomic identification of species from their DNA sequences relies strongly on reference databases that link genetic sequences to taxonomic names. These databases vary in completeness and availability, depending on the taxonomic group studied and the genetic region targeted. The incompleteness of reference databases is an important argument to explain the nondetection by metabarcoding of species supposedly present. However, there exist further and generally overlooked problems with reference databases that can lead to false or inaccurate inferences of taxonomic assignment. Here, we synthesize all possible problems inherent to reference databases. In particular, we identify a complete, mutually nonexclusive list of seven classes of challenges when it comes to selecting, developing and using a reference database for taxonomic assignment. These are: (i) mislabelling, (ii) sequencing errors, (iii) sequence conflict, (iv) taxonomic conflict, (v) low taxonomic resolution, (vi) missing taxa and (vii) missing intraspecific variants. For each problem identified, we provide a description of possible consequences on the taxonomic assignment process. We illustrate the respective problem with examples taken from the literature or obtained by quantitative analyses of public databases, such as GenBank or BOLD. Finally, we discuss possible solutions to the identified problems and how to navigate them. Only by raising users' awareness of the limitations of metabarcoding data and DNA reference databases will adequate interpretations of these data be achieved.
Accuracy of the KontrolFlex AccuFile when used with the Root ZX electronic apex locator in vitro
Authors: Tittle Mia , Dunlap Craig A. , Scott Raymond , Arias Ana , Davis Scott , Peters Ove
Published: December 2022

The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of the KontrolFlex™ Accufile™ compared to the READY•STEEL™ Flexofile® using an electronic apex locator and to evaluate the instrument's design via scanning electron microscopy. Actual canal lengths of 30 extracted teeth were determined under magnification. An alginate model was used to determine experimental canal lengths with the Root ZX II apex locator (EAL) and size #10 Accufiles and Flexofiles. Differences between actual lengths and experimental lengths were compared with Student's t test. The average experimental lengths were short of the actual length by −0.10 mm (±0.34) and −0.12 mm (±0.16) for the Accufile and Flexofile, respectively with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). SEM images revealed similar non‐cutting Batt tips and a square cross‐section for the Accufile and triangular for the Flexofile. Both files provided similarly high levels of reliability when used with the Root ZX II EAL.
The associations between women who are immigrants, refugees, or asylum seekers, access to universal healthcare, and the timely uptake of antenatal care: A systematic review
Authors: Saunders Samantha L. , Sutcliffe Kerry L. , McOrist Nathan S. , Levett Kate M.
Published: December 2022

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that antenatal care (ANC) commence before 12 weeks' gestation to reduce the risk of obstetric and perinatal complications. Immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are at higher risk for late or non‐initiation of ANC, and exclusion from universal healthcare (UHC) may be a contributing factor.

Aims

The aims were to synthesise evidence regarding uptake of ANC and to examine if this is associated with inadequate access to UHC and to evaluate the link between ANC and the risk of pregnancy outcomes in the immigrant, refugee and asylum seeker population.

Methods

The review was performed according to meta‐analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Five databases were systematically searched. Abstracts were screened against inclusion criteria, and eligible papers underwent data extraction by two independent reviewers per paper. The ROBINS‐I tool was used to assess risk of bias.

Results

Twelve studies were included in the final review. All studies reported that ANC was delayed for women who were classified as immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers as per the WHO recommendations, and this was statistically significant compared to controls in 11 of 12 studies (P < 0.05). Findings regarding ANC uptake and pregnancy complications were too heterogeneous to conclusively report an association.

Conclusion

Immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers who are excluded from UHC present significantly later to ANC than receiving‐country‐born women with full access to UHC. The link between delayed ANC due to inadequate UHC access and pregnancy complications remains unclear due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies.
Pelvic floor training improves faecal incontinence and obstructed defaecation despite the presence of rectal intussusception
Authors: Albayati Sinan , Bhai Doleen , Descallar Joseph , Turner Catherine E. , Berney Christophe , Morgan Matthew J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Rectal intussusception is often observed in patients with faecal incontinence and obstructed defaecation. The aim of this study is to assess if pelvic floor training improves faecal incontinence and obstructed defaecation in patients with rectal intussusception.

Methods

Case notes of all patients referred to Bankstown Hospital Pelvic Floor Clinic between 2013 and 2018 for the management of faecal incontinence and obstructed defaecation and rectal intussusception were retrospectively reviewed using a prospectively maintained database. St Mark's faecal incontinence and Cleveland clinic constipation scores were obtained from patients before and after they underwent pelvic floor training.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐one patients underwent pelvic floor training at Bankstown Hospital Pelvic Floor Clinic between 2013 and 2018. Sixty‐one patients had rectal intussusception (22 low‐grade and 39 high‐grade). Median St Marks score improved following pelvic floor training from 8 to 1 (P < 0.001). Median Cleveland Clinic constipation score improved from 8 to 5 (P < 0.001). In patients with low grade rectal intussusception, pelvic floor training improved median St Mark's score from 3 to 0 (P = 0.003), whereas Cleveland Clinic constipation score improved from 9 to 7 (P < 0.001). In patients with high‐grade rectal intussusception, pelvic floor training improved median St Mark's score from 9 to 2 (P < 0.001), whereas median Cleveland Clinic constipation score improved from 8 to 4 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pelvic floor training without biofeedback therapy improves faecal incontinence and obstructed defaecation. Improvement in symptoms is unrelated to rectal intussusception observed on proctography or at examination under anaesthesia in these patients.
Editorial: ustekinumab during pregnancy ‐ reassuring but still not enough
Authors: Amiot Aurelien , Meyer Antoine , Carbonnel Franck
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Avni‐Biron et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17224 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17282
Editorial: ‘Talis pater, talis filius’
Authors: Rosso Natalia , Tiribelli Claudio
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17257
Editorial: cannabis use disorders at the emergency department, a sign of a growing cannabinoid emergency
Authors: Törnblom Hans
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Andrews et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17265 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17316
Utility of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid fluorescence‐guided endoscopic biopsy for malignant mesothelioma in a cat and dog
Authors: Osaki T , Amaha T , Murahata Y , Sunden Y , Iguchi A , Harada K , Tsujino K , Murakami K , Ishii T , Takahashi K , Ishizuka M , Tanaka T , Okamoto Y
Published: December 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is uncommon in cats and dogs and can be challenging to diagnose. Adequate tissue sampling is required for superior diagnostic accuracy. Protoporphyrin IX, a metabolite of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (5‐ALA), is a photosensitiser for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the use of 5‐ALA‐PDD to detect MM in veterinary medicine. The present study describes the use of 5‐ALA‐PDD for MM diagnosis in a cat and dog, as well as the effectiveness of intracavitary chemotherapy. We evaluated the use of PDD with 5‐ALA hydrochloride (5‐ALA‐PDD) in two cases of MM. A 12‐year‐old cat presented with a 1‐month history of respiratory distress, and a 9‐year‐old dog presented with a 3‐month history of mild abdominal distention. We endoscopically biopsied lesions in both the cases using 5‐ALA‐PDD. Histopathological examination revealed mesothelioma, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for calretinin. Both patients were treated with carboplatin. The cat died of respiratory failure. Although, the dog's condition improved 21 days after the first chemotherapeutic drug administration, the dog died on day 684 owing to cardiac‐related issues. 5‐ALA‐PDD is thus, safe and feasible for the diagnosis of MM in veterinary medicine.
Constitutive activity of the dopamine (D5) receptor, highly expressed in CA1 hippocampal neurons, selectively reduces CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 currents
Authors: Mustafá Emilio Román , McCarthy Clara Inés , Portales Andrea Estefanía , Cordisco Gonzalez Santiago , Rodríguez Silvia Susana , Raingo Jesica
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

CaV3.1‐3 currents differentially contribute to neuronal firing patterns. CaV3 are regulated by G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) activity, but information about CaV3 as targets of the constitutive activity of GPCRs is scarce. We investigate the impact of D5 recpetor constitutive activity, a GPCR with high levels of basal activity, on CaV3 functionality. D5 recpetor and CaV3 are expressed in the hippocampus and have been independently linked to pathophysiological states associated with epilepsy.

Experimental Approach

Our study models were HEK293T cells heterologously expressing D1 or D5 receptor and CaV3.1‐3, and mouse brain slices containing the hippocampus. We used chlorpromazine (D1/D5 inverse agonist) and a D5 receptor mutant lacking constitutive activity as experimental tools. We measured CaV3 currents and excitability parameters using the patch‐clamp technique. We completed our study with computational modelling and imaging technique.

Key Results

We found a higher sensitivity to TTA‐P2 (CaV3 blocker) in CA1 pyramidal neurons obtained from chlorpromazine‐treated animals compared with vehicle‐treated animals. We found that CaV3.2 and CaV3.3—but not CaV3.1—are targets of D5 receptor constitutive activity in HEK293T cells. Finally, we found an increased firing rate in CA1 pyramidal neurons from chlorpromazine‐treated animals in comparison with vehicle‐treated animals. Similar changes in firing rate were observed on a neuronal model with controlled CaV3 currents levels.

Conclusions and Implications

Native hippocampal CaV3 and recombinant CaV3.2‐3 are sensitive to D5 receptor constitutive activity. Manipulation of D5 receptor constitutive activity could be a valuable strategy to control neuronal excitability, especially in exacerbated conditions such as epilepsy.
Invisible targets: Conceptualizing U.S. Latine youth's exposure to family‐level vicarious racism
Authors: Martin Romero Michelle Y. , Stein Gabriela L.
Published: December 2022

Vicarious exposure to discrimination can result in multiple negative outcomes in youth. In this article, we offer a conceptual model that articulates the intersecting contextual factors and potential moderators for U.S. Latine youth's exposure to family‐level vicarious racism, and explore how that affects youth and family responses. We define and describe youth's exposure to family‐level vicarious racism, considering the ramifications of these experiences through family processes and cultural values. We conclude by arguing that research on discrimination and racism in Latine families needs to account for family‐level processes.
Updates in narrow‐band imaging for colorectal polyps: Narrow‐band imaging generations, detection, diagnosis, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Teramoto Akira , Hamada Seiji , Ogino Banri , Yasuda Ichiro , Sano Yasushi
Published: December 2022

Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) is an optical digital enhancement method that allows the observation of vascular and surface structures of colorectal lesions. Its usefulness in the detection and diagnosis of colorectal polyps has been demonstrated in several clinical trials and the diagnostic algorithms have been simplified after the establishment of endoscopic classifications such as the Japan NBI Expert Team classification. However, there were issues including lack of brightness in the earlier models, poor visibility under insufficient bowel preparation, and the incompatibility of magnifying endoscopes in certain endoscopic platforms, which had impeded NBI from becoming standardized globally. Nonetheless, NBI continued its evolution and the newest endoscopic platform launched in 2020 offers significantly brighter and detailed images. Enhanced visualization is expected to improve the detection of polyps while universal compatibility across all scopes including magnifying endoscopy will promote the global standardization of magnifying diagnosis. Therefore, knowledge related to magnifying colonoscopy will become essential as magnification becomes standardly equipped in future models, although the advent of computer‐aided diagnosis and detection may greatly assist endoscopists to ensure quality of practice. Given that most endoscopic departments will be using both old and new models, it is important to understand how each generation of endoscopic platforms differ from each other. We reviewed the advances in the endoscopic platforms, artificial intelligence, and evidence related to NBI essential for the next generation of endoscopic practice.
Linking disturbances in neotropical landscapes with ecosystem functional traits: A preliminary assessment using epigaeic and leaf‐litter ant communities
Authors: Cajaiba Reinaldo Lucas , da Silva Wully Barreto , Gonzalez Darinka Costa , Crespi António Maria Luis , Santos Mário , Périco Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Environmental stressors and changes in land use have led to rapid and dramatic species losses and a reduction in associated ecosystem services.

Functional diversity has increasingly been suggested as an alternative for evaluating anthropogenic disturbances and restoration programs because it reflects different aspects of the relationship between biological diversity, ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints.

Ants are important components of terrestrial food webs and a key group associated with diverse interactions and ecosystem processes.

Additionally, their sensitiveness and rapid response to environmental changes pave the way for their use as informative metrics for monitoring several processes that threaten biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Consequently, ants' functional diversity might be considered leading edge indicators to assess ecosystem changes to ongoing anthropogenic disturbances.

The purpose of this study was to gauge the usefulness of epigaeic and leaf‐litter ants' functional responses towards measuring ecosystem degradation (and/or restoration) in the Brazilian Amazon.

Our results demonstrate that functional traits exhibited sensitivity to ongoing changes, as well as different responses to specific environmental disturbances.

Communities supporting ants with specialised functional traits associated with pristine ecosystems suffered high species loss and were correlated with specific anthropogenic stressors.

The results obtained pinpoint the importance of pristine ecosystems for conserving unique functional attributes and biodiversity in neotropical forest landscapes.

We highlight the significance of further studies in this scope to guide environmental managers and practitioners in applying the best policies for integrated neotropical landscapes conservation, considering the competing interests of farmers, foresters and conservationists, but also the unpredictable effects of local and regional environmental changes.
Spike patterns surrounding sleep and seizures localize the seizure‐onset zone in focal epilepsy
Authors: Conrad Erin C. , Revell Andrew Y. , Greenblatt Adam S. , Gallagher Ryan S. , Pattnaik Akash R. , Hartmann Nicole , Gugger James J. , Shinohara Russell T. , Litt Brian , Marsh Eric D. , Davis Kathryn A.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Interictal spikes help localize seizure generators as part of surgical planning for drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, there are often multiple spike populations whose frequencies change over time, influenced by brain state. Understanding state changes in spike rates will improve our ability to use spikes for surgical planning. Our goal was to determine the effect of sleep and seizures on interictal spikes, and to use sleep and seizure‐related changes in spikes to localize the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ).

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) data from patients with focal epilepsy. We automatically detected interictal spikes and we classified different time periods as awake or asleep based on the ratio of alpha to delta power, with a secondary analysis using the recently published SleepSEEG algorithm. We analyzed spike rates surrounding sleep and seizures. We developed a model to localize the SOZ using state‐dependent spike rates.

Results

We analyzed data from 101 patients (54 women, age range 16–69). The normalized alpha‐delta power ratio accurately classified wake from sleep periods (area under the curve = .90). Spikes were more frequent in sleep than wakefulness and in the post‐ictal compared to the pre‐ictal state. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had a greater wake‐to‐sleep and pre‐ to post‐ictal spike rate increase compared to patients with extra‐temporal epilepsy. A machine‐learning classifier incorporating state‐dependent spike rates accurately identified the SOZ (area under the curve = .83). Spike rates tended to be higher and better localize the seizure‐onset zone in non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep than in wake or REM sleep.

Significance

The change in spike rates surrounding sleep and seizures differs between temporal and extra‐temporal lobe epilepsy. Spikes are more frequent and better localize the SOZ in sleep, particularly in NREM sleep. Quantitative analysis of spikes may provide useful ancillary data to localize the SOZ and improve surgical planning.
A multidimensional measure of father involvement following parental separation
Authors: Larouche Karl , Pierce Tamarha , Drapeau Sylvie , Saint‐Jacques Marie‐Christine
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to partially validate the Father's Relative Involvement Postseparation scale (FRIPS).

Background

Separated fathers have time and accessibility constraints to their children. To date, models and measures used to study separated fathers' parental involvement have often focused on the amount of time they spend with their child, not considering how they are involved. Pleck's (2010) model of father involvement and the “Who does what” measure type may be relevant in this regard.

Method

This study is based on a representative sample of 656 fathers living in Quebec, Canada, who separated between 2016 and 2018 and who have at least one child under 14 years of age.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a second‐order model, including positive involvement activities, indirect care, and decision‐making factors, fits the data well. Convergent and divergent validity is demonstrated with custody time, father–child relationship quality and the father's perceived parental competence. Multigroup analysis showed that the FRIPS scale can be used with confidence regardless of the child's gender and age.

Conclusion

The FRIPS is valid for assessing separated fathers' involvement.

Implications

This measure can be used to assess separated fathers' involvement, inclusive of nonresident, shared, and sole custody fathers.
Who needs Daddy Warbucks: The Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program should apply to children of those who surrender their parental rights
Authors: Herman Thomas
Published: December 2022

Families who find themselves in the middle of child protective proceedings have three possible outcomes: (1) the family can reunify; (2) parents voluntarily surrender their parental rights; or (3) the parents have their rights terminated. While it seems we should support children in the second and third scenarios equally, having funding sources such as the Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program (KinGAP) only available to children of parents whose rights are terminated, does the opposite. This Note proposes amending the eligibility requirements of KinGAP to include children of parents who surrender their parental rights which would encourage positive safe placements for children.
‘Contestation, negotiation, and resolution’: The relationship between power and collective leadership
Authors: Foldy Erica Gabrielle , Ospina Sonia M.
Published: December 2022

The relationship between power and collective leadership (CL) has been theoretically understood and empirically addressed in many different ways. To make sense of this diversity, we investigate and diagram the role of power in CL. First, we identify six representations of power—six ways in which scholars have found that power shapes the emergence and enactment of CL. These representations include: Even in CL, individual power matters; Leaders can devolve power to their subordinates by empowering them; Contextual characteristics related to power can influence the possibility and enactment of CL; CL can create the collective power necessary for people in marginalized positions to challenge embedded power dynamics; Power is intrinsic to the co‐construction process; Attributions affect who can enact CL, how they are viewed, and whether they have power. Second, we offer a conceptual framework that provides a comprehensive way to understand the relationship between power and CL. The framework includes two dimensions, one related to power (that runs from episodic to systemic) and the other related to CL (that runs from entitative to emergent). Third, we create a conceptual map by placing the six representations within this framework. Based on our research, we make the case that we cannot understand CL without understanding the ubiquitous, complex, and even contradictory role of power. We also suggest avenues for expanding and elaborating discussions of power in the CL literature.
A meta‐analysis examined the effect of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing on the management of chronic skin wounds
Authors: Chen Yang , Du Pan , Lv Guozhong
Published: December 2022

To assess the impact of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing on the management of chronic skin wounds, we conducted a meta‐analysis. A thorough review of the literature up to September 2022 revealed that 1521 participants had chronic skin wounds at the start of the investigations; 763 of them used oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing, while 758 received control. Using dichotomous or contentious methods and a random or fixed‐effect model, odds ratios (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the impact of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing on the management of chronic skin wounds. The oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing had significantly higher complete wound healing (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.06–2.85; P = .03), higher wound relative reduction percent (MD, 13.50; 95% CI, 2.39–24.61; P = .02), and lower adverse events in wound healing (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.98; P = .04) compared with control in chronic skin wounds. The oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressing had significantly higher complete wound healing, higher wound relative reduction percent and lower adverse events in wound healing compared with control in chronic skin wounds. The low sample size of 8 out of 10 researches in the meta‐analysis and the small number of studies in several comparisons calls for care when analysing the results.
Protecting Infants from Sudden Unexpected Infant Death: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Weiss Stephanie
Published: December 2022

With 300–400 annual deaths in France, sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of mortality in France among infants from the end of their first through their 12th month of life. These clinical practice guidelines aim to identify strategies for (future) parents to prevent avoidable SUIDs. They are based on a narrative literature review and an analysis of the existing reports and guidelines available on the topic in 2019–2020. In summary, it is recommended that parents ensure that their infants sleep on their back on a firm, empty surface in a sufficiently ventilated environment, share the parental bedroom, and be breastfed and vaccinated. All of these actions create protective factors against SUID. Conversely, parents should know that several factors increase the risk of SUID: unsafe sleep, maternal smoking, passive smoking after birth, exposure to alcohol or other psychoactive substances, and excessive heat.

Precis: Sudden Unexpected Infant Death prevention includes infants being breastfed and vaccinated, sleeping on their back, on a firm, empty surface, near parents, and that they are not overheated.
Relational foundations of an unequal consumer credit market: Symbiotic ties between banks and payday lenders
Authors: Bea Megan Doherty
Published: December 2022

Banks have financially supported payday lenders for decades. In this article I qualitatively demonstrate how these financial relationships have reinforced and expanded a bifurcated consumer credit market, and why these relationships matter for consumer access to financial services. I use archival financial documents from publicly traded payday lending companies between 1996 and 2014, available through the Securities and Exchange Commission, to construct the bank‐payday lender network and reveal motivations for these financial relationships. I find that bank‐payday lender relationships are sustained over many years, and that these relationships are mutually beneficial, enabling payday lender expansion and providing a way for banks to quietly profit from high‐interest lending in the face of other regulatory constraints. Further, I show that these relationships have significantly reshaped the consumer credit market over the past two decades. I conclude by considering broader implications of symbiotic institutional relationships in contemporary markets.
RAD sequencing, morphometry and synecology clarify the taxonomy of the Melica ciliata (Poaceae) complex in France and Poland
Authors: Castro Sergio , Muratet Audrey , Szczepaniak Magdalena , Nguefack Julie , Hardion Laurent
Published: December 2022

Melica (Poaceae) consist of about 92 species distributed across temperate regions of the world. Within section Dalycum, Melica ciliata sensu lato forms a taxonomic complex of several species and subspecies with clinal morphological variation causing conflicting identifications. To resolve taxonomic confusion, we used three complementary approaches, through molecular, morphological, and phytoecological analyses. The double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA markers significantly support the monophyly of three taxa: (i) the Mediterranean Melica magnolii, (ii) the Eurasian Melica transsilvanica subsp. transsilvanica, and (iii) the west‐European M. ciliata subsp. glauca. This differentiation is corroborated by the analysis of 22 morphometric variables. Furthermore, phytoecological analysis of 221 floristic inventories revealed habitat distinctions among these taxa. Our approach of integrative taxonomy argues for a specific distinction for these three taxa, and we include a key to separate these forms. These new molecular data on the section Dalycum, subsection Ciliatae, call for further phylogenetic analyses including samples of M. ciliata subsp. ciliata and other East‐Mediterranean and South African taxa.
Obstructive sleep apnea‐related intermittent hypoxaemia is associated with impaired vigilance
Authors: Pahari Purbanka , Korkalainen Henri , Karhu Tuomas , Rissanen Marika , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Hrubos‐Strøm Harald , Duce Brett , Töyräs Juha , Leppänen Timo , Nikkonen Sami
Published: December 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)‐related intermittent hypoxaemia is a potential risk factor for different OSA comorbidities, for example cardiovascular disease. However, conflicting results are found as to whether intermittent hypoxaemia is associated with impaired vigilance. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how desaturation characteristics differ between the non‐impaired vigilance and impaired vigilance patient groups formed based on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance and compared with traditional OSA severity parameters. The study population comprised 863 patients with suspected OSA who underwent a PVT test before polysomnography. The conventional OSA parameters, for example, the apnea‐hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and arousal index were computed. Furthermore, the median desaturation area, fall area, recovery area, and desaturation depth were computed with the pre‐event baseline reference and with reference to the 100% oxygen saturation level. Patients were grouped into best‐ and worst‐performing quartiles based on the number of lapses in PVT (Q1: PVT lapses <5 and Q4: PVT lapses >36). The association between parameters and impaired vigilance was evaluated by cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and binomial logistic regression. Based on the CDFs, patients in Q4 had larger desaturation areas, recovery areas, and deeper desaturations when these were referenced to 100% saturation compared with Q1. The odds ratio (OR) of the median desaturation area (OR = 1.56), recovery area (OR = 1.71), and depth (OR = 1.65) were significantly elevated in Q4 in regression models. However, conventional OSA parameters were not significantly associated with impaired vigilance (ORs: 0.79–1.09). Considering desaturation parameters with a 100% SpO2 reference in the diagnosis of OSA could provide additional information on the severity of OSA and related daytime vigilance impairment.
Quality improvement as a statement of values
Authors: Eva Kevin W.
Published: December 2022

The Editor‐in‐chief outlines the inspiration behind this year's State of the Science issue: striving to constantly do better.
By the Old Gods and the New: The Effect of the Congruence and Incongruence of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Enjoyment on Self‐Perceived Proficiency
Authors: BOTES ELOUISE , DEWAELE JEAN–MARC , GREIFF SAMUEL
Published: December 2022

Emotions in foreign language (FL) learning have become an increasingly popular research avenue in applied linguistics. Such research is often carried out using linear correlational or regression methods, which are limited in the extent to which they can depict interrelations. In this study, we aimed to reexamine the relationships between the emotion variables of foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and the outcome variable of self‐perceived proficiency (SPP) through nonlinear methods. Specifically, we examined how different levels of FLCA and FLE influenced SPP in concert in a sample of N = 1,039 FL learners by utilizing polynomial regression with response surface analysis. The nonlinear method generated a response model that visually depicted a complex SPP pattern as a result of differing levels of FLCA and FLE. This three‐dimensional model provides considerable insight into the interaction of positive and negative emotions above and beyond what could be derived from “classical” methods of correlation and linear regression.
Emotional labor among Turkish nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yıldız Ayşegül Tuğba , Dinc Leyla
Published: December 2022

Nurses are the closest healthcare providers to patients and emotional labor is the most invisible part of nursing work. However, the management of emotions to promote organizational goals and to ensure patient satisfaction may have both positive and negative impacts on nurses' working life. The purpose of this cross‐sectional, descriptive study was to examine the emotional labor behaviors of nurses and their opinions on emotional labor. Two hundred nineteen nurses working at public hospitals in Ankara between September and December 2018 participated to this study. Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics form and “The Scale of Emotional Labor Behavior for Nurses.” Nurses had higher scores on the deep and sincere emotional acting subdimensions of the emotional labor scale than the surface acting subdimension. Findings suggest that nurses act deeply and intimately, instead of surface acting. Most of the nurses expressed that nurses were emotionally affected when caring for patients; however, nurses had to control their feelings toward patients and behave professionally to meet the expectations of their managers, which may lead to an implicit emotional dissonance. Based on the results of this study, we suggest to support nurses emotionally and to incorporate the topic of emotional labor into educational programs.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement of interpretation of functional lumen imaging probe in healthy subjects
Authors: Yadlapati Rena , Gyawali C. Prakash , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E. , Fass Ronnie , Khan Abraham , Lin Haiying , Richter Joel E. , Vela Marcelo F. , Vaezi Michael , Clarke John O.
Published: December 2022

Background

The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) evaluates esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and esophageal contractility. Both post hoc and real‐time analyses are possible, but reproducibility and reliability of analysis remain undefined. This study assesses inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement of normative FLIP measurements among novice and experienced users.

Methods

Eight motility experts from different institutions independently evaluated de‐identified video recordings from 27 asymptomatic healthy subjects using FLIP. Interpretation methods simulating a post‐procedure and a live procedure setting were tested. Novice FLIP users (n = 3) received training prior to post‐procedure interpretation. Experienced FLIP users (n = 5) interpreted using both methods. Users recorded maximum EGJ and distal esophageal body diameter, distensive pressure, and EGJ distensibility index (EGJ‐DI), at balloon fill volumes of 50‐, 60‐, and 70 ml, as well as repetitive antegrade contractions (RACs). Inter‐ and intra‐rater agreements of diameters, distensive pressure and EGJ‐DI were assessed by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC). Percentage agreement evaluated inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability for RACs.

Key Results

Novice and experienced users acquired normative FLIP metrics. Good‐to‐excellent inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were achieved for all variables at 60 ml balloon fill volumes. Median parameters at 60 ml balloon fill volume were as follows: EGJ‐DI 5.5 mm2/mmHg, maximum EGJ diameter 18.6 mm, distensive pressure at maximum EGJ diameter 48.1 mmHg, and distal esophageal body diameter 19.5 mm.

Conclusions and Inferences

Normative FLIP parameters can be reliably extracted from FLIP videos using both real‐time and post hoc analyses, with high reliability between experienced and novice users.
Implementation characteristics of father‐inclusive interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Jeong Joshua , Sullivan Eileen F. , McCann Juliet K. , McCoy Dana C. , Yousafzai Aisha K.
Published: December 2022

Although prior reviews have documented the effectiveness of engaging male caregivers in early childhood interventions, little is known about how these interventions have been designed and implemented to reach, engage, and support male caregivers in low‐resource global settings. We searched five bibliographic databases for intervention studies that engaged male caregivers to improve nurturing care for children under 5 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Forty‐four articles met the inclusion criteria, which represented 33 interventions. Fathers specifically were the most common type of male caregivers targeted in these interventions. The majority of interventions invited fathers to participate alongside their female partners. Community‐based peer‐groups were the most common delivery model. Most interventions used the same program structure for fathers as applied to mothers, with few considering whether implementation adaptations were needed for men. Intervention curricula were multicomponent and largely targeted child nutrition, health, and couples’ relationships. A minority of programs addressed parenting, psychosocial wellbeing, violence prevention, gender attitudes, or economic support. Behavior change techniques were limited to interactive counseling and peer learning. Male caregivers remain missing from caregiving interventions for young children. A greater focus on implementation research can inform better inclusion, engagement, and support for male caregivers in nurturing care interventions.
Decision making under service‐level contracts: The role of cost saliency
Authors: Bolton Gary E. , Bonzelet Sabrina , Stangl Tobias , Thonemann Ulrich W.
Published: December 2022

This study examines human ordering behavior in service‐level inventory contracts, a class of contracts important in practice. Studies of wholesale price contracts find that people tend to place orders that are suboptimal and biased toward mean demand. Unlike wholesale price contracts, service‐level contracts can be parameterized such that they have steep expected profit functions, making the expected profit‐maximizing order more salient, in the sense that deviations from optimal ordering are more costly. Utilizing an analytical model and results from existing literature, we hypothesize that people will order closer to optimality under service‐level contracts with steeper expected profit functions. In a laboratory experiment, we find that subjects achieve up to 97.2% supply chain efficiency under a steep service‐level contract, compared with 92.2% under a flat service‐level contract, and steep service contract ordering also exhibits lower variability. Our results suggest that managers can benefit by designing service‐level contracts with higher penalty costs and lower fill rates.
The nexus of public administration, public policy, and nonprofit studies: An empirical mapping of research topics and knowledge integration
Authors: LePere‐Schloop Megan , Nesbit Rebecca
Published: December 2022

The interdisciplinary fields of public administration (PA), public policy studies (PP), and nonprofit studies (nonprofit) all contribute to our understanding of public affairs, but the nature and extent of their knowledge integration are empirically unclear. The current study adapts Rafols and Meyer's framework for understanding interdisciplinary research integration and applies bibliometric and qualitative methods to analyze citation trends among PA, PP, and nonprofit journal articles published between 2009 and 2020. Our findings reveal that articles in PA and PP journals cite nonprofit journals at a low (but consistent) rate, while those in nonprofit journals cite their PA and PP counterparts more frequently. Using qualitative coding, we developed a taxonomy of 15 broad research categories at the nexus of the fields: three of these (collaboration, networks, and partnerships; public service provision; and financial management) were shown to integrate knowledge from PA/PP and nonprofits, while several others indicated the potential to do so.
Transitions, challenges and trends in China's abalone culture industry
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Zhang Mo , Luo Xuan , You Weiwei , Ke Caihuan
Published: December 2022

Abalone species are economically important shellfish in China's aquaculture industry. In 2020, China's abalone aquaculture production was 203,500 tonnes, accounting for nearly 90% of total global production. However, many problems have accompanied the rapid development of this industry, including a reduction in near‐shore space suitable for culture and the risk of exposure of farms to natural disasters such as typhoons and red tides. In addition, high temperatures and low oxygen levels resulting from global climate change are causing increased abalone mortality in summer. In this review, the culture patterns and characteristics used in different countries are compared with respect to larvae nurseries, intermediate juvenile culture and the grow‐out phase. Next, the transitions and challenges in China's abalone culture industry over the past 60 years are summarized. Finally, a coordinated land‐sea program for reducing solid waste emissions into the water and increasing carbon sinks is suggested based on the ‘Carbon Neutrality’ theory. Under the framework of the program, new facilities, technologies and models should be created to achieve increased mechanization and a greater understanding of the abalone aquaculture industry as soon as possible. This review provides references and data to support the scientific planning and mapping of China's abalone culture industry as well as the transition of China's perceived identity from a major fishery country to a strong fishery power with an awareness of environmental protection and resource use.
Vulnerability assessment of strait/canals in maritime transportation using fuzzy evidential reasoning approach
Authors: Jiang Meizhi , Wang Benmei , Hao Yingjun , Chen Shijun , Lu Jing
Published: December 2022

The safety and security of straits and canals have been playing an important role in maritime transportation. The disruption of a strait or canal will lead to increased transportation costs and world trade problems. Therefore, an advanced approach incorporating fuzzy logic and an evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm is developed to conduct the vulnerability assessment of straits or canals in this paper. A hierarchical structure is first developed taking into account both qualitative and quantitative factors. The fuzzy rule‐based transformation technique is applied to convert quantitative factors into qualitative ones, which enables the application of a fuzzy ER method to synthesize all the information from the bottom to the top along the developed hierarchical structure. The software of intelligent decision system (IDS) is used to facilitate the process of vulnerability assessment. The developed framework then is validated and demonstrated in a case study for vulnerability prioritization which can be used as a reference to ensure the safety and security of straits and canals for decision‐makers.