bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life and Fetters: Chéreau-Janáĉek-Dostoevsky
Authors: Cohen Mitchell
Published: July 2010

Janáček's opera was fashioned between 1926 and 1928 from passages in Dostoevsky's semi-autobiographical novel about his four years as a political prisoner at "katorga" (hard labor) in Omsk, Siberia. "We don't need to put the prisoners into orange uniforms to talk about Guantánamo…," said Chéreau. "Our job is to make it possible to think about all the prisons in the world at any time." This is, I suspect, a jab at director Peter Sellars, who can easily be imagined placing Dostoevsky's convicts in Guantánamo or Abu Ghraib—in case nobody knows of American misbehavior in them. Chéreau and his collaborators have more sophisticated ways. The costumes and Peduzzi's sets for House were grimly wise. Inmates wore dull garb of our own day, clothed as Everyman in detention. Imposing, sliding gray walls made up the penal complex, and shades of illumination combined with them and the costumes to make time and place unsure. This indeterminacy served to universalize agonies conceived originally in firm time and place, mid-nineteenth century Russia.
Enlightenment, Enlargement, and the European Union
Authors: Morgan Glyn
Published: July 2010

As the West's leading Marxist intellectual, Perry Anderson appears to be having a rather good recession. Anderson was quick to recognize both the triumph and the contradictions of what he terms "the neo-liberal ascendancy." Anderson' s fascinating new book of essays on Europe is framed by the Thatcherite-inspired deregulation of financial markets and the collapse of communism that initiated its ascendancy. If the book—which comprises several long essays—has one central theme, it is the confusions that have befallen the European Union (EU) as its architects wrestle with the contradictions in neoliberal capitalism. It could not be more timely. Reeling under the impact of the Southern European debt crises, the EU might well prove to be the Great Recession's biggest casualty of all.
Achieving a More Integrated America
Authors: Alba Richard
Published: July 2010

An unusual opportunity lies ahead to advance the racial integration of American society. The exodus of the baby boomers from the labor market will provide the opening. This group, born between 1946 and 1964, is disproportionately white and highly educated and occupies a huge patch of the most rewarding terrain in the labor market. (They make up, for example, about 70 percent of engineering managers and two-thirds of registered nurses.) As the baby boomers leave the work force between now and the early 2030s, when the youngest of them turn seventy, the young Americans entering the labor market will be much more diverse in ethno-racial terms than the old Americans exiting it.
The Long Con
Authors: Gottlieb Akiva
Published: July 2010

Enter Theatre , Mamet's latest collection of essays: Mamet has certainly earned the right to codify his wisdom, but having already written separate mini-textbooks on acting, writing, and directing, he cannot realistically expect his slim new volume to supersede his body of work. The ambivalence of his earlier work has now solidified into something forceful. His essays in Theatre are worth assessing as a crude and wrongheaded but ideologically fascinating polemic, the place where Mamet's reactionary ideas about culture and politics converge in earnest. Vibrating with rage and resentment, they might represent the most sustained argument against intellectualism ever published by an American belletrist.
Jesse Larner Replies
Authors: Larner Jesse
Published: July 2010

What is the actual harm done by hate crimes laws? Lieberman says, correctly, that I never addressed this. I did not do so because I thought the matter too obvious. Perhaps this was a mistake. So let me explain it: hate crimes laws empower magistrates to investigate, judge, and punish the contents of an individual's speech and beliefs, quite separately from any legitimate consideration of incitement or conspiracy. This rearranges the understanding vis-à-vis the state under which an individual must live in the United States, and calls into doubt our legal and cultural commitment to a free society. I consider this an actual, immediate harm that also constitutes an ever-present opportunity for greater harm. I urge Lieberman to ponder the possibility that this precedent may not always be limited to situations in which he approves of it.
Moving Beyond High School Expectations: Examining Stakeholders' Responsibility for Increasing Latina/o Students' College Readiness
Authors: Yamamura Erica K. , Martinez Melissa A. , Saenz Victor B.
Published: July 2010

In an effort to improve college readiness for Latina/o students, this article examines the meaning and significance of college readiness among multiple stakeholders (teachers, counselors, parents, students, and superintendents) in the South Texas border region. Using focus group data, this article explores the assets embedded within college readiness by using integrated Chicana feminist theory (Anzaldúa, 1987; Fránquiz & Salazar, 2004) and community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2005, 2006) lenses. In particular, the authors conceptualize a hybrid framework-borderland cultural wealth (BCW)-which we define as the cultural assets present in this region that when cultivated and tapped into effectively can improve college preparation and access. Findings reveal that stakeholders felt both individual and collective responsibility for college readiness. Furthermore, stakeholders voiced the need for improved college readiness efforts so that students can be successful in diverse universities and to break the cycle of low-college-going rates of this region. Implications for research and practice for P-20 educators, practitioners, and policymakers are discussed.
"I didn't know what to say?" : Four Archetypal Responses to Homophobic Rhetoric in the Classroom
Authors: Zack j. , Mannheim Alexandra , Alfano Michael
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this inquiry is to understand how student teachers reacted to homophobic rhetoric from students during their teaching placements. Focus group conversations with 111 student teachers over two years revealed their pupils' negative attitudes towards homosexuality and frequent use of homophobic pejoratives. How did these teachers-in-training deal with these attitudes and behaviors? Did they feel they had the authority, confidence, information, and/or right to challenge these attitudes and verbal abuses? We used a phenomenological lens to focus on the "lived experience" of student teachers dealing with homophobic attitudes, behavior, and speech. Through our participants' narratives, we identify four archetypal scenarios and responses that represent typical reactions of student teachers dealing with homophobic speech in their classrooms: avoiders, hesitators, confronters, and integrators. These archetypes reveal various levels of skill, comfort, and, moreover, willingness to address this particular discriminatory speech in American public schools. In order to move student teachers from avoiders and hesitators to confronters and integrators, teacher preparation programs and school personnel who work with student teachers need to explicitly address LGBTQ issues so that new teachers become informed on the topic via coursework, seminar, and clinical experiences so that they enter the profession with a set of skills that they can employ to counter instances of bigotry aimed at this group of students.
The Ideological and Aesthetic Perspective in Kazantzakis's Dramas: Is it still Valid?
Authors: Petrakou Kyriaki
Published: July 2010

Three plays by Nikos Kazantzakis, selected from several periods of his literary career, are of interest for ideological and aesthetic reasons. His first play , Day Is Breaking (1906), is a realistic bourgeois drama and is judged as rather difficult to stage today because of its ideology, which contemporary life has rendered passé, and also because of its poetical prose, which would sound melodramatic in performance. His tragedies, on the other hand, despite their ostensibly outmoded form, are very fit for twenty-first century theater . Melissa (1937) and Sodom and Gomorrah (1948) demonstrate the contemporary validity of Kazantzakis's message, the former for its use of psychoanalysis and the latter for its political message addressing the nuclear threat. Contemporary performances of Kazantzakis's plays show that they can be very effective in modern "deconstructed" productions enriched with multimedia effects.
Where Does "Diaspora" Belong?: The View from Greek American Studies
Authors: Anagnostou Yiorgos
Published: July 2010

Diaspora, variously defined, denotes difference within a host nation and connection with a real or imaginary homeland elsewhere. Diaspora claims, that is, a location that entangles the national, otherness within the national (often construed as ethnic), and places across national borders, all this in vastly complex ways. The study of diaspora therefore requires an analogous scholarly location that brings into conversation national, ethnic, and area studies. The analysis of the U.S. "Greek diaspora," for instance, calls for cross-fertilization between American ethnic, Greek American, and modern Greek studies. This kind of systematic exchange did not materialize in the context of post 1960s U.S. academy, despite vocal calls for such dialogue. Here I demonstrate that "diaspora" was not a primary organizing reference for research in either U.S. Greek American or U.S. modern Greek studies, a lapse all too conspicuous if one takes into account the political, economic, and cultural importance of the Greek diaspora. Instead, dominant threads within Greek American and modern Greek studies developed along the trajectory of a nation-centric paradigm respectively, the former privileging the study of ethnicity in a national (American) context, the latter attaching analytical priority to Greece. As a result of this bifurcation "diaspora" was relegated to the margins, remained under-theorized, and was often neglected as a research prospect. From the perspective of Greek American studies and focusing on selective Greek American histories, texts, and institutional contexts, it is possible to illuminate the ideological underpinnings for turning diaspora into a contested terrain for both Greek American and modern Greek studies. Thus, the clashing positions can be charted against the ongoing transnationalization of Greek worlds as well as of the transnational turn in the humanities and social sciences, a parallel development that invites a fundamental remapping of Greek America and consequently obliges scholars of both Greek American and modern Greek studies to rethink their spatial and cultural frames of analysis. The operation of transnational geographies associated with Greek worlds calls attention to the artificiality of the boundary between Greek American and modern Greek studies and the necessity for joining their forces for the purpose of new critical mappings, a project now under way within U.S. modern Greek studies programs.
Pastiche and Parody in Greek Radio Advertisements
Authors: Politis Periklis , Kakavoulia Maria
Published: July 2010

Radio advertisements use playful imitation as a discourse tactic that creates positive feelings toward the advertised product. A specific discourse imitates another discourse on the basis of two opposing strategies: captation and subversion. In captation, the investor discourse borrows the cultural capital of the source discourse, a practice corresponding to pastiche, while in subversion, imitation allows for the subversion of the cultural capital of the source discourse, a practice linked to parody. Analysis of 347 advertisements transmitted by private radio stations in Thessaloniki and Athens between the years 2004 and 2007 shows that radio ads imitate not only various genres or texts (as usually argued in the literature), but also features of the linguistic system and its varieties. Moreover, it is shown that pastiche and parody have informative or playful purpose, thus formulating a continuum of four versions of imitation, ranging from informative pastiche to playful parody .
Anti-Nihilism in the Thought of Nikos Kazantzakis
Authors: Galanopoulos Christos
Published: July 2010

Nikos Kazantzakis is one of the foremost literary anti-nihilists. He is viewed as an affirmative fatalist, with fatalism considered an optimistic stance, not a pessimistic one. The term anti-nihilism is akin to Kazantzakis's "Cretan Glance" and Pandelis Prevelakis's depiction of Kazantzakis as a heroic pessimist. Kazantzakis was not a nihilist, despite his failure to overcome nihilism. He tackled nihilism as a historical and psychological problem that cannot be resolved ideologically. In terms of some contemporary postmodern debates, his anti-nihilism provides the best antidote to our present-day nihilistic predicament.
The Relation of Kazantzakis's Kapetan Michalis to Homer's Iliad and Shakespeare's Othello
Authors: Paschalis Michael
Published: July 2010

The literary sources of Nikos Kazantzakis's novels have attracted little scholarly attention, most probably because there are usually few surface markers to direct the reader to any of the sources. Another is the fact that source-texts do not generally belong to the twentieth century, the period of time on which studies of Kazantzakis have focused, and, in some cases, they may require specialized knowledge of classical Greek literature. A third reason is that the novels have only become the object of purely literary studies in recent years. Most of the scholarship on them is focused on the thoughts of the novelist and not the construction of the novelistic text. This study of Καπετάν Μιχάλης (Kapetan Michalis) complements an earlier one in which I attempted to show the importance of Homer, Plato, Dante, and Shakespeare as literary background to Kazantzakis's first successful novel. Here I argue that Homer's Iliad and Shakespeare's Othello are major source-texts for Kapetan Michalis. To the former it owes its main plot structure and some individual themes and from the latter it derived Michalis's jealousy of Polyxingis and the murder of Emine. The hero's complex inner world originates partly in the fusion of these epic and dramatic features. The fact that in the present study I concentrate on certain aspects of the novel, however, does not mean that I underestimate others.
Reading Kazantzakis in the United States: A Christian Theological Perspective
Authors: Middleton Darren J. N.
Published: July 2010

Two rising movements within U.S. Christianity may symbolize religion's return in our time. Fascination with Eastern Orthodoxy, for example, especially among today's young and the restless, has prompted some scholars to wonder if the twenty-first will be the Orthodox century. Something is also afoot in the so-called Emerging Church, one of the most intriguing developments within recent Evangelicalism. Like Nikos Kazantzakis before them, such contemporary Christians promote chastened epistemology, storytelling's importance, post-systematic thinking, mystery as well as divine Otherness, an incarnational way of doing theology, and salvation as deification. Although Kazantzakis may not be viewed as a Christian, his life and literary art show him to be an ally in the struggle for religious truth in the world, and now, on the fiftieth anniversary of his death, and here, in the U.S., where his work has suffered hostile reception in the past, Orthodox and Emerging Church Christians are urged to read him carefully and charitably.
Greek Reformism and its Models: The Impact of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Authors: Hatzivassiliou Evanthis
Published: July 2010

U.S. criticism of the political and social system of Civil War Greece has often been cited as proof of the inadequacy of pro-Western voices in Greece as a whole. However, members of the new political forces that emerged in the country in the mid-1930s argued for far-reaching reforms along the lines of the New Deal. These new forces had rallied under the leadership of George Papandreou in 1944, but had been crushed under the weight of the civil strife of December 1944 and then by the eruption of full-scale Civil War in 1946. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan projected ideas very similar to those of the Greek reformers, marking a revival of these forces after their successive defeats in previous years. This was a side-effect of U.S. intervention in Greece, but would prove important, as members of these reformist groups played a major role in Greece's post-civil war history.
Kazantzakis the Greek?: Travel and Leisure, Hunger and Pathos, Localism and Cosmopolitanism in Nikos Kazantzakis's Journeying
Authors: Calotychos Vangelis
Published: July 2010

Nikos Kazantzakis's travel writing spans his entire life and accounts for some of his earliest writing and his last published work before his death. Along with the work of Kostas Ouranis, it has established him as one of the earliest exponents of a literary vein of this genre in Greece that coincided with a prolific period of his travel writing in the 1920s, and, in particular, in his volume Journeying (1927). His preoccupation with larger issues set beyond Greek borders, especially global ideological struggles, has bolstered the author's cosmopolitan credentials in Greek letters. However, events in Greece do, in fact, condition Kazantzakis's perspectives on social, political, economic, and cultural issues abroad. An analysis of the synergies of home (oikos) abroad demonstrates how the cosmopolitan genre of travel writing, for all its attempts to locate collectivities beyond nation borders, often restates the fixities of the self and/in the nation. I also trace the recurring typologies behind Kazantzakis's concerns as well as the religious fixations that underpin and mark them.
Kazantzakis's Comedy : The Tragedy of Christianity as a Discipline
Authors: Efthymiou Andrea Rosso
Published: July 2010

Nikos Kazantzakis's drama Comedy: A Tragedy in One Act, published in 1909, is a critique of Christianity. Michel Foucault's notion of a discipline—"a type of power, a modality for its exercise, comprising a whole set of instruments, techniques, procedures, levels of application, targets: it is a 'physics' or an 'anatomy' of power, a technology"—serves as a lens illuminating how Kazantzakis refashions Christianity as a social system that is constructed in such a way that the subject, living in a world where Christianity is the dominant context, is always implicated in the discipline's framework (1991:215). Kazantzakis critiques Christianity by adapting the Biblical parable of the ten virgins who anxiously await the Bridegroom's arrival. Unlike the Biblical tale, however, Kazantzakis's narrative inverts the original lesson that teaches its believers that earnest devotion to God leads to salvation . Comedy presents 12 characters—men and women of varying ages—literally stifled by their anticipation of God's arrival at the moment of death. Kazantzakis creates a performance of the existential anxieties that emerged in the early twentieth century and have been perpetuated long afterward in the Western world.
Woman as Symbol in Kazantzakis's Writings
Authors: Tagopoulos Constance
Published: July 2010

Nikos Kazantzakis's ambivalent and often negative representation of women can best be explained if seen as part of his aesthetics, especially the "new art" he discovered in image and cinema that, through logos, enables the art of symbolization. Woman's multiform and controversial nature lends itself to symbolization since it provides vital analogies and antinomies that the poet can exploit. The author's quest for a renewed spiritual world and a relief to his existential anxiety is thus answered by creative life and art—the transformation of the visual image into symbol through the senses and outside logocratic enslavement. Kazantzakis's philosophy becomes, at the same time, the purpose and means of his aesthetics, as abstractions such as the Bergsonian struggle, Nietzschean freedom, and the Buddistic mask turn into tangible life through the intuitions of duration that Henri Bergson has called durée réelle (real time). This is Kazantzakis's time of praxis in which our heightened experience of life's force equates with a moment of immortality.
"And so to Athens": William Plomer in "The Land of Love"
Authors: Georganta Konstantina
Published: July 2010

William Plomer was a poet and novelist who grew up in South Africa, but found an outlet for his identity crisis in Greece of the 1930s where he went on to look for idealized Greek beauty, only to find it debased when impinged upon by individuals from "ostensibly more sophisticated levels of civilization." In his poems and short stories about Greece, Plomer combined homosexual themes and an ironical look at history's essential heroes and was in constant dialogue with Constantine P. Cavafy's poetics. In contrast to idealized imaginings of the country as the place of intellectual rebirth and uninhibited physical pleasure, Plomer's Greece was one of cultural plurality-images of Apollonian eternal beauty, folk songs inspired by the Greek War of Independence, and aesthetic poses celebrating homoeroticism mingled with the dreaded face of modernization blending with the ruins of ancient Greece.
The Misadventures of Kazantzakis's Kapetan Michalis in Translation
Authors: Petre Ben
Published: July 2010

It has long been known that Jonathan Griffin's English translation of Nikos Kazantzakis's Kapetan Michalis is plagued by omissions and inaccuracies. Previous investigations accounted for these in terms of an attempt to remove blatantly anti-Turkish sentiment (Vamvaka 1998) or to reduce the author's tendency to digress or provoke (Beaton 2006), without investigating the possibility that Griffin was not translating from the original Greek text. Recently catalogued unpublished correspondence between translators, publishers, and Eleni and Nikos Kazantzakis reveals that Griffin based his version on Helmut von Steinen's rendition of the novel in German, which was substantially altered by Walter Kahnert of Herbig Verlag before appearing in print. Moreover, it emerges that the English text is just one in a series of translations commissioned by the German-Jewish publisher Max Tau, who made use of an extensive network of contacts to promote Kazantzakis's work on the international market, with what was often scant regard for the accuracy of foreign language editions. Based on this finding, a comparison of translations published in six Germanic languages (German, English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Dutch) enables us to propose a stemma for Northern European versions of Kapetan Michalis.
What Does It Take to Stand Up for the Victim of Bullying?: The Interplay Between Personal and Social Factors
Authors: Pöyhönen Virpi , Juvonen Jaana , Salmivalli Christina
Published: July 2010

The present study focused on the role of cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal factors in predicting defending of bullied peer. Specifically, the degree to which peer status moderates the effects of emotional and cognitive factors on defending behavior was tested. The sample included 489 students (257 girls) from grades 4 (mean age, 10.6 years) and 8 (mean age, 14.6 years) in Finland. The reputation of being a defender of victimized classmates was associated with a stronger sense of self-efficacy for defending and greater social status within the peer group. Moreover, perceived popularity moderated the effects of both self-efficacy and affective empathy on having a reputation of a defender. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for interventions designed to reduce bullying.
Publishing a Student Research Journal: A Case Study
Authors: Farney Tabatha A. , Byerley Suzanne L.
Published: July 2010

Each semester, undergraduate students at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs produce quality research papers that seldom reach audiences beyond their professors or classrooms. In 2008, Kraemer Family Library launched an open access undergraduate research journal on a trial basis to give faculty a mechanism for highlighting excellent student research. The journal has evolved into a sustainable and popular publishing service at the university. This case study describes the progress and setbacks that were encountered during the first year of the journal’s publication, with particular emphasis on management and policy issues.
Rights Well: An Authors’ Rights Workshop for Librarians
Authors: Wirth Andrea A. , Chadwell Faye A.
Published: July 2010

This article seeks to make a compelling case for authors’ rights training through emphasis on academic librarians’ dual roles as both authors and as liaisons to research and teaching faculty. Using the example of the Rights Well Workshop developed at Oregon State University Libraries, the article demonstrates the value of training librarians as authors in order to further develop their own understanding of copyright transfer and negotiation. The workshop provides a customizable model that librarians can use when educating faculty in other disciplines about author rights, with emphasis on the practices of the publishers relevant to the targeted discipline.
Exploring the Political Dimensions of Information Literacy through Popular Film
Authors: Detmering Robert
Published: July 2010

Certain popular films contextualize the access, use, and interpretation of information within a political and social framework. As a result, these films function as alternative pedagogical sites for analysis and critique, facilitating critical thinking about information beyond the library and the classroom, and leading students to a deeper understanding of the fundamental need for information literacy. A conceptual basis for the consideration of film in politically engaged information literacy instruction is provided, supported by a discussion of three relevant films: Jason Reitman’s Thank You for Smoking (2006), Joel and Ethan Coen’s Burn after Reading (2008), and Oliver Stone’s W. (2008).
Demystifying the IRB: Human Subjects Research in Academic Libraries
Authors: Smale Maura A.
Published: July 2010

Many academic librarians are interested in pursuing research studies that involve students, faculty, and other library patrons; these projects must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB). This article reviews federal requirements and regulations for human subjects research and explains the IRB application process. The author discusses common types of research projects undertaken by academic librarians that require IRB approval and offers suggestions for successful navigation through the IRB process. Academic librarians should embrace research involving human subjects because the results contribute to the corpus of scholarly knowledge in library and information science as well as in higher education.
Companions, Supplements, and the Proliferation of Print in the 1830s
Authors: Turner Mark W.
Published: July 2010

This article focuses on the publication, content and form of Charles Knight’s Companion to the Newspaper (1833-37), and considers the meanings of ‘companion’ and other developing print forms in the context of the rise of cheap print in the 1830s. In the Companion, Knight attempts to develop a new kind of hybrid journal, combining the political dimension of the daily newspaper with the utilitarian nature of the ‘useful knowledge’ tract and packaged it in the form of a monthly periodical, beyond the reach of the stamp duty. However, the title was never stable, and my case study of the Companion explores overlapping networks of print, suggesting an ever-expanding, ever-innovating market in which ‘supplements’ and other print forms proliferate.
Subversive Supplements: Satirical Title Pages of the Periodical Press in the 1830s
Authors: Maidment B. E.
Published: July 2010

‘Subversive Supplements’ is focussed on a group of nearly twenty parodic title pages of magazines and journals produced between 1832 and 1836 as single plate lithographed caricatures. Charles Jameson Grant, a shadowy but prolific satirical artist, was responsible for the bulk of these images, but others were produced by William Newman and John Phillips. As well as their value as evidence of the nature of the complex changes taking place within the print market in this decade, these prints offer an extremely interesting and often hostile comment on the emergence of what might be called ‘middlebrow’ mass circulation periodicals associated, in varying degrees, with a widespread social awareness of ‘the march of intellect’ and its implications.
“Killing Time,” or Mrs. Braby’s Peppermints: The Double Economy of the Family Herald and the Family Herald Supplements
Authors: King Andrew
Published: July 2010

The article is a case study centring on the mass-market fiction weekly the Family Herald and its Supplements. It argues that affect and its possibilities for political and economic critique are often ignored as "supplements" in the study of periodicals. After a methodological introduction, the piece suggests that the Family Herald Supplement may have resulted from the intervention of an advertising agent keen to address new markets. Counter to this capitalist vision, the piece then explores the only sustained discussion of the periodical's use by readers. It circulates there in a feminine gift economy as a resource of hope.
What? How? Why?: Broadening the Mind with the Treasury of Literature (1868–1875), Supplement to the Ladies’ Treasury (1857–1895)
Authors: De Ridder Jolein
Published: July 2010

A study of the Treasury of Literature (1868-1875), literary supplement to the Ladies’ Treasury (1857-1895), perfectly illustrates how form and content of this periodical are inextricably linked. In this article, I demonstrate how the supplement, provided separately from the parent periodical and containing only fiction and informative articles, both in an ideological and in a commercial way assists to distinguish a conventional middle-class women’s magazine from its mainstream rivals. Simultaneously, I argue that the Treasury of Literature renders the Ladies’ Treasury more closely related to the late eighteenth-century ‘enlightened’ women’s magazines, a type of publication that vanished at the beginning of the Victorian era.
Supplements and Paratext: The Rhetoric of Space
Authors: Claes Koenraad
Published: July 2010

During the nineteenth century, many periodicals issued various kinds of addenda that for their signification to a large extent relied on the context they shared with these parent publications, and that may be subsumed under the category of “supplements”. Because of their liminal situation they are often highly problematic documents: are they, or are they not an integral part of the periodical they supplement? what happens when we abstract them from this original context of appearance? and how can the relationship of supplement and parent publication influence the way both were read? In this article I will try to prove my claim that Gérard Genette’s Paratext theory is a useful guideline in this bibliographical maze.
Simultaneous Detection of Trisomies 13, 18, and 21 with Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification–Based Real-Time PCR
Authors: Guo Qiwei , Zhou Yulin , Wang Xiaobo , Li Qingge
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND

Trisomies 13, 18, and 21 account for the majority of chromosomal aneuploidies detected in prenatal diagnosis. Diagnosis of these trisomies relies mainly on karyotype analysis. Several molecular methods have been developed for trisomy detection, but performance or throughput limitations of these methods currently constrain their use in routine testing.

METHODS

We developed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification–based real-time PCR (MLPA/rtPCR) to simultaneously detect these 3 trisomy conditions with a single reaction. We applied the method to DNA isolated from 144 blinded clinical samples that included 32 cases of trisomy 21, 11 cases of trisomy 18, 1 case of trisomy 13, and 100 unaffected control samples; results were compared with karyotype analysis.

RESULTS

As judged by the results of the karyotype analysis, MLPA/rtPCR correctly detected all 44 cases of trisomy in the analysis of the blinded clinical samples. The method was able to detect a change in chromosome dosage as low as 1.2-fold.

CONCLUSIONS

This novel PCR-based technology simultaneously identified 3 types of trisomy in a single reaction and accurately detected trisomy with mosaicism, while reducing assay times and costs compared with conventional methods. The MLPA/rtPCR approach may have applicability in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis with maternal blood samples.
Increased prevalence of acromegaly in a highly polluted area
Authors: Cannavò S , Ferraù F , Ragonese M , Curtò L , Torre M L , Magistri M , Marchese A , Alibrandi A , Trimarchi F
Published: July 2010

Objective

Despite the contribution of national registries and population-based reports, data concerning the epidemiology of acromegaly is scanty. In addition, the role of the environmental context has not been investigated.

Design

Epidemiology of acromegaly was studied in the province of Messina (Sicily, Italy), focusing on the influence of environmental factors.

Methods

Four zones, characterized by different degrees of exposition to environmental toxins due to industrial pollution, were identified in the province: area A (76 338 inhabitants), area B (287 328 inhabitants), area C (243 381 inhabitants), and area D (47 554 inhabitants) at low, middle-low, middle, and high industrial density respectively. We identified all acromegalics who were born and resided in the province of Messina, among patients either referred to our endocrine unit or referred elsewhere but recorded in the archives of the provincial healthcare agency.

Results

In the province of Messina, we found 64 patients (2 in area A, 24 in area B, 28 in area C, and 10 in area D). Macroadenomas were 60%, the male/female ratio was 1, and mean age at diagnosis (±s.e.m.) was 45.4±1.6 years. Overall, prevalence was 97 c.p.m. in the province (26 c.p.m. in area A, 84 c.p.m. in area B, 115 c.p.m. in area C, and 210 c.p.m. in area D). Risk ratio (RR), calculated in every area assuming area A as a reference, showed an increased risk of developing acromegaly in people residing in area D (RR=8.03; P<0.0014).

Conclusion

This study confirms the prevalence of acromegaly reported recently. The increased risk of developing this disease in area D suggests that the pathogenetic role of environmental context needs to be better evaluated.
Guest Editor's Introduction
Authors: Kent Eliza F.
Published: July 2010

This special issue takes a new approach to the study of religion and nature in Indian Hinduism by drawing on recent ethnography to examine the meanings that priests, pilgrims and ordinary devotees attribute to forests and trees today. Attentive to the rapidly changing social and ecological environment of contemporary India, these studies investigate how people relate to forests and trees that are in various ways set apart, whether as a natural park, a verdant temple, or a deity’s embodied form. In these articles, trees and forests emerge not as peaceful retreats from the hurly-burly profane world, but rather as zones of contestation between competing definitions of ritual authority, progress, and authenticity. Hindus also appear here less as purely religious people, whose cosmologies predispose them to approach trees with reverence and restraint, and more as multi-dimensional people who are as enmeshed as the rest of us in worlds increasingly penetrated by mass media, mass transportation and mass consumption.
Weaving Nature into Myth
Authors: Nugteren Albertina
Published: July 2010

At Puri, every twelve years or so, the wooden statues of the deities in the great Jagannath Temple have to be ritually renewed. In a carefully scripted and partly secret procedure that may take as much as ninety days, four sacred trees are selected, cut, transported, and sculpted into images for the main altar. After a description of the factors that may have determined the tradition of continuing the wooden images, a detour is made by introducing a newly built temple in Bhadrak district which claims to follow exactly the same procedure. This finally leads me to some remarks on the uneasy relation between religion, nature, and violence.
Faces in the Trees
Authors: Haberman David L.
Published: July 2010

Consideration of tree worship was once central to theories of religion, which tended to view this practice as a primitive form of anthropomorphic animism that has no place in a civilized modern world. How might we regard tree worship once it is liberated from the cultural evolutionary views of the nineteenth century? Neem trees have long been associated with the goddess Shitala in Hindu religious culture. This essay examines the worship of individual neem trees in northern India, which in some cases involves clothing the tree and attaching a human-like facemask to it. Ethnographic evidence suggests that this remarkable form of anthropomorphic activity can be best understood as an intentional strategy for establishing more intimate relationships with the nonhuman world. Although it is not the explicit goal of most tree worshipers in India, this practice may serve as a possible resource for the preservation of trees.
A Road Runs Through It
Authors: Kent Eliza F.
Published: July 2010

In many Tamil villages, sacred groves are maintained in part because of the perception of the forest as an abode of forces both dangerous and crucial to the vitality of settled life. However, one scheduled tribe community, the Malaivazhmakkal Gaunders, or ‘Mountain-dwelling farmers,’ seems to have largely dispensed with such a view. In its place is a vision of nature dominated by pragmatism and rationalism, which regards as illogical and old-fashioned the taboos that once established the sanctity of sacred groves. Various historical forces have brought about this shift in mentality. Particularly powerful vectors of change, I would argue, are the tar roads constructed over the last twenty years that now connect Malaivazhmakkal villages to regional centers. These have created new opportunities and aspirations for the younger generation. Yet these same roads, with their democratizing influence, have also weakened the taboos that have historically limited human use of the flora of the groves.
Reciprocal Relationship of Culture and Environment in Asia
Authors: Nugteren Albertina
Published: July 2010

Peter Boomgaard, Southeast Asia: An Environmental History (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007), 377 pp., $62.05 (hbk), ISBN 978-1-85109-419-6. Christopher V. Hill, South Asia: An Environmental History (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008), 329 pp., $84.99 (hbk), ISBN 978-1- 85109-925-2. These two volumes together present, in some 700 pages, a historically layered view of how the natural world in South and Southeast Asia has been transformed by human civilisation. But more than writing merely a history of the environment, the authors also examine the decisive impact environmental factors have had on world affairs and vice versa. This makes the two books, published in the Nature and Human Societies series (visit www.abc.clio.com for a complete list of their titles) recommended background reading for scholars who find themselves uneasy with the widespread assumption that so-called ‘non-Western’ or ‘Oriental’ civilisations are eco-friendly and environmentally conscious, or at least more so than the practitioners of Abrahamic religions. These two histories provide a corrective to these ideas.
Empowering the Apprentice Academic
Authors: Sachtleben Annette Frances , Strauss Pat , Turner Elizabeth
Published: July 2010

Tertiary institutions offer a variety of provision for postgraduate students aimed at the development of academic writing skills. This article using a series of workshops and individual tutorials designed specifically for students engaged in writing theses and exegeses in certain discipline areas in a large New Zealand university. It outlines and reflects on the process of identifying and analysing relevant information for the design, content and on-going development of the workshops. This includes supervisors’ expectations, students’ needs and feedback, as well as the features of published texts and unpublished theses and exegeses. The post-workshop tutorial provision is underpinned by the two key principles of dialogue to assist clarity of expression, and encouragement for students to express their own voice. The experience gained from this work has led to the development of a discipline specific online paper for students in their first year of postgraduate study.
Reflections on Teaching Discourse Functions Using a Science Thesis
Authors: Hubbard Philip
Published: July 2010

The control of discourse functions, such as defining, contrasting, intensifying, and hedging among others, is an important skill in effective academic writing. Unlike the case with a typical writing textbook, where examples of discourse functions are invented or drawn for a variety of sources, the present work is based on an analysis of discourse functions from a single exemplary Doctoral thesis. The presentation demonstrates how a useful set of materials can be garnered from just one rich source. Additionally, it provides readers with descriptions and examples of eleven discourse functions identified through the analysis and discusses how this material has been implemented in the author’s advanced graduate writing class.
Text Analysis by Computer
Authors: Berglund Prytz Ylva
Published: July 2010

This article illustrates how freely available computer tools can be used for academic writing. It presents a series of tools and functions from the area of corpus linguistics, and shows how these can be used by students and teachers when working on dissertations and theses or when exploring conventions of academic writing and of writing in specific disciplines.
Developing Academic Literacies: Understanding Disciplinary Communities’ Culture and Rhetoric. Dimitra Koutsantoni (2007) Vol. 4, Contemporary Studies in Descriptive Linguistics.
Authors: Žegarac Vladimir
Published: July 2010

Developing Academic Literacies: Understanding Disciplinary Communities’ Culture and Rhetoric. Dimitra Koutsantoni (2007) Vol. 4, Contemporary Studies in Descriptive Linguistics. Oxford: Peter Lang. pp. 302 ISBN: 9783039105755
A Refocused Approach to Writing Instruction
Authors: Nazarenko Lisa , Schwarz Gillian
Published: July 2010

This article describes an approach to writing instruction that involves a combination of the genre approach and the process writing approach. The stages of the writing process that students often do not take time for, namely brainstorming, organizing ideas and drafting, are done as much as possible in the classroom. In preparation for this, students are introduced to models of the type of texts they will have to write, so that they can become familiar with the features that are typical of that text type (genre). These features form the basis of a checklist that will serve as a form for teacher feedback, which is given to the students at various stages of the writing process up to final revision. In addition, certain points are focused on in peer feedback. Throughout the entire process, students are encouraged to become aware of their progress through written reflection. We have found that such an approach, overseen and monitored by the teacher, leads students to writing more focused texts that conform to the genres to which they belong. For the purposes of this article, the text type of argumentative (opinion) essay was used as an example.
Writing in a Multiliterate Flat World, Part I
Authors: Stevens Vance
Published: July 2010

Writing courses increasingly incorporate Internet and online learning activities as part of the syllabus and teaching materials. How does this change our teaching practices, and which free and collaborative online tools can be most appropriately applied in online and blended writing courses? This is the first part of a two-part article focused on freely available Web 2.0 tools and how they can promote collaboration in the context of social networking. Part I places writing in the context of new views of literacy due in part to revolutionary changes since the turn of the century in how content finds its way to the Internet. Web 2.0 and cloud computing have made it possible for writers to publish not only prose but a range of other media online without having to pass through traditional gate-keepers, and tools and mechanisms have evolved for networking communities of like-minded writers online. Among the many impacts of this development is the possibility now for student writers to write purposefully for worldwide audiences. Part I examines the production side of this dynamic, while Part II (to appear in the first issue of this journal in 2011) explains how the Internet resolves the marketing side of the role once played by traditional publishing and how writers and audiences can navigate the seemingly chaotic preponderance of content available online to find one another’s material and carry on conversations about it, thus providing truly authentic motivation for their writing.
Writing in Late Immersion Biology and History Classes in Hong Kong
Authors: Kong Stella
Published: July 2010

Previous research has shown that late immersion education in Hong Kong is not achieving the dual curriculum goals of content and second language learning which a late immersion curriculum can expect. This article presents a case study of writing in four late English immersion classes in Hong Kong, two in Biology and two in History, examining whether and how some of the teaching and learning processes with respect to writing support content and language learning. The study analyzed 285 samples of student writing using a writing analysis framework that reflects features of both content and language learning. The writing analysis, along with contextual data from teacher and student interviews and a teacher questionnaire, indicate that students demonstrate little content and language learning in their writing. The data suggest that the writing pedagogy adopted may partly explain the unsatisfactory learning outcomes. A major reason for adoption of the pedagogy seems to lie in the teachers’ and students’ views of the role of copying and memorization in writing and in learning, views which are characteristic of the Chinese educational context. Implications for writing teacher education within an immersion curriculum where the immersion language is from a different educational culture are discussed.

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Critical Literacy and Urban Youth: Pedagogies of Access, Dissent, and Liberation. Ernest Morrell (2008)
Authors: Richardson Elaine
Published: July 2010

Critical Literacy and Urban Youth: Pedagogies of Access, Dissent, and Liberation. Ernest Morrell (2008) New York & London: Routledge. pp. 256 ISBN 978–0-80585–664–4 (9780805856644).
Writing in the Disciplines: A Reader and Rhetoric for Academic Writers (Sixth Edition). Mary Lynch Kennedy and William J. Kennedy (2008)
Authors: Brock Mark N
Published: July 2010

Writing in the Disciplines: A Reader and Rhetoric for Academic Writers (Sixth Edition). Mary Lynch Kennedy and William J. Kennedy (2008) New York & London: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 682 ISBN-10: 0–13–232003–7