bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ibuprofen reduces inflammation, necroptosis and protects photoreceptors from light-induced retinal degeneration
Authors: Zhang Ping-Wu , Wan Zi-He , Li Weifeng , Vats Abhishek , Mehta Kunal , Fan Laura , Zhou Lingli , Li Sean , Li Gloria , Keuthan Casey J. , Berlinicke Cynthia , Qian Cheng , Esumi Noriko , Duh Elia J , Zack Donald J.
Published: January 2025

Background

The retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and atrophic age- related macular degeneration (AMD) are characterized by vision loss from photoreceptor (PR) degeneration. Unfortunately, current treatments for these diseases are limited at best. Genetic and other preclinical evidence suggest a relationship between retinal degeneration and inflammation. To further explore this relationship, we tested whether Ibuprofen (IBU), an FDA-approved non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), could promote PR survival and function in a mouse model of light damage (LD)-induced PR degeneration.

Methods

LD was induced by exposing mice to 4000 lx of light for 2–4 hours (h). IBU (100 or 200 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection. Retinal structure and function were evaluated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electroretinography (ERG). Cell death genes were analyzed at 24 and 72 h after LD using the Mouse Pan-Cell Death Pathway PCR Array (88 genes). The cellular location and protein expression of key necroptosis genes were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in vehicle-injected LD animals was 8.7 ± 0.6% of retinas without LD (p < 0.0001). In IBU 200 mg/kg treated mice, central ONL thickness was 74.9 ± 7.7% of untreated retinas (p < 0.001). A-wave and b-wave ERG amplitudes were significantly preserved in IBU-treated animals. IBU significantly inhibited retinal inflammation. Twenty-four hour after LD, retinal mRNA expression for the inflammatory-factors tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), interleukin-1 beta (Il1B), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) increased by 10-, 17-, and 533-fold, respectively; in IBU-treated animals, the expression levels of these inflammatory factors were not significantly different from no-LD controls. Expression of key necroptosis genes, including Ripk3 and Mlkl, were upregulated in LD vehicle-treated mice, but dramatically reduced to near no LD levels in LD IBU-treated mice. Microglia activation and MLKL protein upregulation were observed primarily in photoreceptors 12 h after LD, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. IBU reduced the upregulation of MLKL protein and microglia migration in the ONL and outer plexiform layer (OPL) of treated retinas.

Conclusions

Systemic administration of the anti-inflammatory drug IBU partially protected mouse retinas from light-induced photochemical damage and inhibited both inflammation and the necroptosis cell death pathways. Our results suggest that NSAIDs may provide a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of the human retinal degenerative diseases.
Biphasic lipid extraction from microalgae after PEF-treatment reduces the energy demand of the downstream process
Authors: Papachristou Ioannis , Nazarova Natalja , Wüstner Rüdiger , Lina Robin , Frey Wolfgang , Silve Aude
Published: January 2025

Background

The gradual extrusion of water-soluble intracellular components (such as proteins) from microalgae after pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment is a well-documented phenomenon. This could be utilized in biorefinery applications with lipid extraction taking place after such an ‘incubation’ period, i.e., a post-PEF-treatment step during which the biomass is left undisturbed before any further processing. The goal of this work was to further explore how this incubation could improve lipid extraction.

Results

Experiments were conducted on wet, freshly harvested Auxenochlorella protothecoides, treated with 0.25 or 1.5 MJ/kgDW and incubated for 24 h. Lipid extraction took place with a monophasic ethanol:hexane:water, 1:0.41:0.04 vol/vol/vol mixture with a 75.6 mL solvent per 1 g of dry biomass ratio. The kinetics of the extraction were studied with samples taken between 10 and 1080 min from fresh and incubated biomass. The yields at 10 min were significantly increased with incubation compared to without (31.2% dry weight compared to 1.81%, respectively). The experimental data were fitted with the Patricelli model where extraction occurs in two steps, a rapid washing of immediate available lipids and a slower diffusion one. During Nile-Red staining of microalgae and microscopy imaging, a shift of emission from both GFP and RFP channels to mostly RFP was observed indicating an increase in the polarity of the environment of Nile-Red. These led to an adaption of a biphasic ethanol:hexane:water 1:6:0.4 vol/vol/vol solvent with 37 mL solvent per 1 g of dry biomass ratio which while ineffective on fresh biomass, achieved a 27% dry weight yield from incubated microalgae. The extraction efficiency in the biphasic route was lower compared to the monophasic (i.e., 69% and 95%, respectively). It was compensated however, by the significant solvent reduction (37 mL to 75.6 mL respectively), in particular the ethanol minimization. For the extraction of 1 L lipids, it was estimated that the energy consumption ratio for the biphasic process was 1.6 compared to 9.9 for monophasic, making clearly the most preferential one.

Conclusions

This biphasic approach significantly reduces solvent consumption and the respective energy requirement for solvent recovery. Incubation thus could majorly improve the commercialization prospects of the process.

Graphical abstract
First clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Moraleda-Berral Pablo , Gálvez Rosa , Martínez-Nevado Eva , Pérez de Quadros Lino , García Juncal , de la Riva-Fraga Manuel , Barrera Juan Pedro , Estévez-Sánchez Efrén , Cano Lourdes , Checa Rocío , Jiménez-Martínez María Ángeles , Montoya Ana , Miró Guadalupe
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, cases of leishmaniosis have been described in animals housed in captivity in zoos in Spain [Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygameus), and European otter (Lutra lutra)]. Some of these zoological parks are in endemic areas for both human and animal leishmaniosis, thus it should be very important to include this zoonosis in the differential diagnosis.

Methods

The study was carried out in two zoological parks in Madrid, Madrid Zoo and Faunia, and analyzed seven meerkats. Serological tests [rK-39 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] and molecular tests [nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR] were performed to detect Leishmania DNA. Additionally, an entomological study was carried out in both zoological parks, with molecular tests performed on female Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies to determine their blood meal source and detect Leishmania DNA.

Results

Two meerkats were positive for L. infantum. A 9-year-old male from the Madrid Zoo died suddenly, showing pale mucous membranes and bilateral noninflammatory alopecia and hyperpigmentation in the lateral area of the eyes. Positive results were obtained in serology, nested PCR, and real-time PCR (blood, conjunctival and oral swabs, hair, spleen, lymph node, liver, kidney, and skin), as well as numerous amastigotes in the liver and kidney tissue samples. The other meerkat, a 12-year-old male from Faunia that is still alive, presented an alopecic lesion at the base of the tail. Positive results were obtained by nested and real-time PCR from different tissues such as blood, hair, oral, and conjunctival swabs. It was treated with oral allopurinol (25 mg/kg) and miltefosine (2 mg/kg), but the molecular diagnosis remained positive after 8 months, regarding it as a mild stage of the disease. The rest of the tested meerkats were negative. The presence of P. perniciosus phlebotomine sand flies was also detected in both zoos. Although no L. infantum DNA was detected in any of sand flies analyzed, it was determined that their food sources were rabbits and humans.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study describes, for the first time, the detection and infection by L. infantum in meerkats (Suricata suricatta).

Graphical Abstract
FishPi: a bioinformatic prediction tool to link piRNA and transposable elements
Authors: Godden Alice M. , Rix Benjamin , Immler Simone
Published: January 2025

Background

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA)s are non-coding small RNAs that post-transcriptionally affect gene expression and regulation. Through complementary seed region binding with transposable elements (TEs), piRNAs protect the genome from transposition. A tool to link piRNAs with complementary TE targets will improve our understanding of the role of piRNAs in genome maintenance and gene regulation. Existing tools such as TEsmall can process sRNA-seq datasets to produce differentially expressed piRNAs, and piRScan developed for nematodes can link piRNAs and TEs but it requires knowledge about the target region of interest and works backwards.

Results

We developed FishPi to predict the pairings between piRNA and TEs for available genomes from zebrafish, medaka and tilapia, with full user customisation of parameters including orientation of piRNA, mismatches in the piRNA seed binding to TE and scored output lists of piRNA-TE matches. FishPi works with individual piRNAs or a list of piRNA sequences in fasta format. The software focuses on the piRNA-TE seed region and analyses reference TEs for piRNA complementarity. TE type is examined, counted and stored to a dictionary, with genomic loci recorded. Any updates to piRNA-TE binding rules can easily be incorporated by changing the seed-region options in the graphic user-interface. FishPi provides a graphic interface using tkinter for the user to input piRNA sequences to generate comprehensive reports on piRNA-TE interactions. FishPi can easily be adapted to genomes from other species and taxa opening the interpretation of piRNA functionality to a wide community.

Conclusions

Users will gain insight into genome mobility and FishPi will help further our understanding of the biological role of piRNAs and their interaction with TEs in a similar way that public databases have improved the access to and the understanding of the role of small RNAs.
Health-related quality of life associated with fatigue, physical activity and activity pacing in adults with chronic conditions
Authors: Barakou Ioulia , Seves Bregje L. , Abonie Ulric S. , Finch Tracy , Hackett Kate L. , Hettinga Florentina J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Fatigue and inactivity are linked to decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic conditions. A multidimensional approach to activity pacing may improve HRQoL by promoting physical activity (PA) and alleviating fatigue. Addressing fatigue across chronic conditions is crucial, especially when underlying causes are unknown. This study aimed to (1) examine associations between HRQoL, fatigue, pacing, risk of overactivity, PA, and self-regulation of PA in adults with chronic conditions and (2) examine if these associations differ across HRQoL domains: physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being.

Methods

Sixty-six adults with chronic conditions were recruited from UK fatigue clinics and the community. HRQoL, pacing, risk of overactivity, PA, and self-regulation of PA were assessed with standardised questionnaires and Actigraph monitor. Associations were analysed with linear mixed models, correcting for confounders.

Results

HRQoL was significantly associated with fatigue (B=-7.82), pacing (B=-0.23), and self-regulation of PA (B = 0.11). Interaction effects revealed fatigue’s impact on HRQoL varied significantly in physical (β=-13.49), social (β=-6.81), and emotional (β=-4.10) domains. Pacing showed significant differences in physical (β=-0.49), social (β=-7.12), and emotional (β=-7.45) domains. Perceived overactivity differed in social domain (β=-6.27), while device-based PA differed in physical (β = 0.35) and social (β = 5.73).

Conclusion

The negative association between fatigue and HRQoL underscores the importance of effective fatigue management. Higher pacing engagement and lower HRQoL may indicate higher fatigue. Positive associations between self-regulation and PA with HRQoL emphasise benefits of appropriate PA behaviours. The stronger impact of decreased fatigue, increased pacing, and PA on physical well-being suggests a multidimensional fatigue management approach.
Steatohepatitis-induced vascular niche alterations promote melanoma metastasis
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes , Schüler Julia , Dietsch Bianca , Kürschner-Zacharias Sina Wietje , Sticht Carsten , Trogisch Felix A. , Schreitmüller Maren , Baljkas Tinja , Schledzewski Kai , Reinhart Manuel , Wohlfeil Sebastian A. , Winkler Manuel , Schmid Christian David , Heineke Joerg , Géraud Cyrill , Goerdt Sergij , Reiners-Koch Philipp-Sebastian , Olsavszky Victor
Published: January 2025

Background

In malignant melanoma, liver metastases significantly reduce survival, even despite highly effective new therapies. Given the increase in metabolic liver diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), this study investigated the impact of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)-specific alterations in MASLD/MASH on hepatic melanoma metastasis.

Methods

Mice were fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for ten weeks to induce MASH-associated liver fibrosis, or a CDAA diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for shorter periods of time to induce early steatosis-associated alterations. Liver metastasis formation was assessed using melanoma cell lines B16F10Luc2 and Wt31. LSEC-specific GATA4 knockout mice (Gata4
LSEC−KO/BL) developing MASH-like liver fibrosis without steatosis via a pathogenic angiocrine switch were included to compare the impact of liver fibrosis versus hepatic steatosis on hepatic melanoma metastasis. Bulk RNA-Seq of isolated LSECs from CDAA-fed and control mice was performed. Levels of adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, E-selectin) were monitored, and ICAM1 and VCAM1 antibody therapy was employed.

Results

Feeding a CDAA diet, in contrast to a HFD, led to increased metastasis before the development of liver fibrosis. Gata4
LSEC−KO/BL mice characterized by vascular changes ensuing perisinusoidal liver fibrosis without steatosis also exhibited increased metastasis. Early molecular alterations in the hepatic vascular niche, rather than fibrosis or steatosis, correlated with metastasis, as shown by LSEC dedifferentiation and upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules. The metastatic process in CDAA-fed mice was also dependent on the respective melanoma cell lines used and on the route of their metastatic spread. ICAM1 inhibition, but not VCAM1 inhibition reduced melanoma cell retention.

Conclusion

We discovered that the hepatic vascular niche acts as a delicate sensor to even short-term nutritional alterations during the development of MASLD/MASH. The dynamic adaptations to the metabolic challenges of developing MASLD/MASH caused an early shift from the normal hepatic vascular niche to a pre-metastatic vascular niche that promoted hepatic melanoma metastasis in the context of cell-autonomous and acquired melanoma cell features. Altogether, our findings provide a potential avenue for angiotargeted therapies to prevent hepatic melanoma metastasis.
Efficient surface crack segmentation for industrial and civil applications based on an enhanced YOLOv8 model
Authors: Elsharkawy Zeinab F. , Kasban H. , Abbass Mohammed Y.
Published: January 2025

Crack segmentation is essential for preventive maintenance in various civil and industrial applications. It makes it possible to identify and divide structural cracks or defects. Complicated sceneries, such as cracks with an irregular form, complicated image environments, and constraints in obtaining global contextual information, affect the performance of crack segmentation. This research proposes an Enhanced-YOLOv8 called YOLOv8-MHSA-TA to reduce the effects of these factors and offer quasi-real-time concurrent identification and segmentation of different crack types. The suggested network uses triplet attention (TA) and multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanisms, to enhance YOLOv8’s performance. To evaluate the proposed approach and test its generalization ability, nine public datasets comprising images of civil and industrial structures were collected, including CracK500, Crack3238, Crack Forest Dataset, Deepcrack, Rissbilder, Volker, Sylvie, Magnetic Tile, and Pipeline Gamma Radiography Images. The datasets contain images with cracks of various sizes, shapes, sorts, lighting situations, and orientations. Applying the suggested enhanced YOLOv8 model’s capabilities, cracks are detected and segmented successfully in the examined images. The results demonstrate that, for the Crack500 and Magnetic tile datasets, the suggested model’s segmentation Mean Average Precision (mAP50) is 10.1 and 26.4% higher than that of the original YOLOv8 models. The suggested model was compared with YOLOv8-MHSA, YOLOv8-TA, and the original YOLOv8 models, as well as with other published networks. The outcomes demonstrate that our approach outperforms previously published work and enhances crack segmentation. The outcomes demonstrate that our method outperforms prior published work and enhances crack segmentation when considering the diverse dataset.
Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach
Authors: Animasaun Olawale Sunday , Shaibu Joseph Ojonugwa , Akomolafe Busayo Kayode , Animasaun Olamide Priscilla , Niyang Piring’ar Mercy , Olugbade Olukemi Titilope , Akinyode Akinfemi Oyewumi , Omisakin Ibukun Akinsola , Adeogun Adedapo Olufemi , Audu Rosemary Ajuma
Published: January 2025

Background

Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 in 10 high-risk LGAs of Oyo State. It involved screening DENV in 289 febrile human blood samples and 1,015 Aedes species mosquitoes. Viral RNA from human and mosquito specimens was extracted and analyzed using RT-qPCR. A one-step lateral flow immunoassay cassette test kit detected DENV-specific IgM and IgG in humans. DENV IgM-positive participants were screened for Lassa Virus (LASV) to rule out coinfection due to an outbreak of Lassa fever. Mosquitoes recovered were morphologically identified and classified using appropriate taxonomical keys. Meteorological data was obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency. Data was abridged as proportions and correlation analysis was performed.

Result

The overall seroprevalence of DENV was 128/289 (44.2%) with 19/289 (6.6%) and 109/289 (37.7%) being IgM and IgG positive respectively. DENV was detected all year round with more cases in the rainy season. LASV and DENV coinfection were detected in a participant. DENV RT-qPCR analysis in febrile patients and mosquitoes was negative. There was a high abundance of Aedes aegypti (79.5%) in all the locations surveyed with Aedes albopictus (12.3%) detected in Ido LGA and Ibadan South-East LGA and Aedes simpsoni (9.1%) in Iwajowa LGA. DF shows moderate to strong positive correlations with Aedes mosquito population, humidity, and rainfall (r = 0.419–0.61, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with temperature (r =—0.465, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The study reveals a significant burden of DENV in Oyo State. The presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies suggests past exposure and possible recent circulation of the virus. The co-detection of LASV and DENV in one participant highlights the likely potential for co-infection. Although DENV was not detected in febrile patients and mosquitoes through RT-qPCR, the high abundance of Aedes species underscores the risk of transmission. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance systems, strengthened laboratory services, targeted vector control, and increased awareness.
Fish-derived hepcidins in cancer treatment: a scoping review
Authors: Azemin Wan-Atirah , Rashid Syarifah Ab , Philip Noraini , Ali Abdul Manaf , Shamsir Mohd Shahir
Published: January 2025

Background

The discovery of hepcidin, a peptide hormone primarily known for iron homeostasis regulation, has revealed promising anticancer properties. While extensively studied in mammals, fish-derived hepcidins represent an unexplored area in cancer therapeutics, offering unique structural and functional characteristics that may prove valuable in oncological applications.

Method

A scoping review was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PubMed databases to comprehensively analyse published literature on fish-derived hepcidins. Publications were identified using Boolean combinations of ‘fish’, ‘hepcidin’, and ‘cancer’. Two independent reviewers screened articles, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. Research themes were categorised and analysed with focus on species distribution, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential.

Result

Analysis of 881 publications revealed research distribution across four main categories: immune response (60.07%), antimicrobial peptides (17.65%), iron homeostasis (13.69%), and cancer research (2.94%). The review identified 17 fish species with documented hepcidin studies. Tilapia-derived hepcidins demonstrated notable anticancer properties, including concentration-dependent effects, selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and potential enhancement of conventional chemotherapy efficacy through mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.

Conclusion

Despite promising anticancer properties of fish-derived hepcidins, particularly from tilapia, significant knowledge gaps exist in understanding their cancer-specific mechanisms and clinical applications. Future research should prioritise broader species investigation, safety profiling, and delivery system development to advance their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
Neuromuscular monitoring and incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade: a prospective observational study
Authors: Piersanti Alessandra , Garra Rossella , Sbaraglia Fabio , Del Vicario Miryam , Lamacchia Rosa , Rossi Marco
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are routinely used in anesthesia practice. An undetected, incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function at the end of surgery potentially exposes patients to clinical deterioration in the postoperative period.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) in a cohort of patients receiving NMBAs.

Methods

We enrolled 90 spontaneously breathing adult patients admitted to the recovery room (RR) after completion of surgeries having received at least 1 dose of NMBA. Anesthesia management, the dosage of NMBA used, and whether monitoring of neuromonitoring function was employed or if a reversal agent was administered were all at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist, who was unaware that neuromuscular function was going to be monitored in the RR.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of RNMB (defined as a train-of-four ratio ≤ 0.9). The secondary objectives were the number of postoperative adverse respiratory events and, for exploratory purposes, the estimation of potential risk factors through logistic regression analysis.

Results

RNMB occurred in 5 (5%) patients who had received only one dose of NMBA at induction of anesthesia.

Two patients with RNMB (40%) required O2 supplementation during monitoring in the RR, compared to 11 patients in the rest of the sample (13%). Additionally, 2 of these patients (2%) required O2 supplementation before hospital discharge due to O2 desaturation < 92%. None of the patients with RNMB had received a reversal of neuromuscular blockade at the end of surgery.

The association between RNMB and potential risk factors, assessed through multivariable logistic regression did not yield significant results for any of the considered variables.

Conclusions

RNMB can occur even when a single dose of NMBAs is administered. Despite decades of extensive literature on the risks of RNMB and recent guidelines, routine monitoring of neuromuscular function and pharmacologic reversal of NMBA is still substandard. Routine monitoring of neuromuscular function is strongly advocated to enhance the level of patient care.

Trial registration

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06193213, date of registration: 05/01/2024).
Inpp5e is crucial for photoreceptor outer segment maintenance
Authors: Gupta Mohona , Lewis Tylor R. , Stuck Michael W. , Spencer William J. , Klementieva Natalia V. , Arshavsky Vadim Y. , Pazour Gregory J.
Published: January 2025

In humans, inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) mutations cause retinal degeneration as part of Joubert and MORM syndromes and can also cause non-syndromic blindness. In mice, mutations cause a spectrum of brain, kidney and other anomalies and prevent the formation of photoreceptor outer segments. To further explore the function of Inpp5e in photoreceptors, we generated conditional and inducible knockouts of mouse Inpp5e where the gene was deleted either during outer segment formation or after outer segments were fully formed. In both cases, the loss of Inpp5e led to severe defects in photoreceptor outer segment morphology and ultimately photoreceptor cell loss. The primary morphological defect consisted of outer segment shortening and reduction in the number of newly forming discs at the outer segment base. This was accompanied by structural abnormalities of the Golgi, mislocalized rhodopsin and an accumulation of extracellular vesicles. In addition, knockout cells showed disruption of the actin network. Together, these data demonstrate that Inpp5e plays a crucial role in maintaining the outer segment and the normal process of outer segment renewal depends on the activity of this enzyme.
RNA recognition by minimal ProQ from Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Basczok Maciej M , Olejniczak Mikolaj
Published: January 2025

Neisseria meningitidis minimal ProQ is a global RNA binding protein belonging to the family of FinO-domain proteins. The N. meningitidis ProQ consists only of the FinO domain accompanied by short N- and C-terminal extensions. To better understand how this minimal FinO-domain protein recognizes RNAs, we compared its binding to seven different natural RNA ligands of this protein. Next, two of these RNAs, rpmG-3' and AniS, were subject to further mutational studies. The data showed that N. meningitidis ProQ binds the lower part of the intrinsic transcription terminator hairpin, and that the single-stranded sequences on the 5' and 3' side of terminator stem are required for tight binding. However, the specific lengths of 5' and 3' RNA sequences required for optimal binding differed between the two RNAs. Additionally, our data show that the 2'-OH and 3'-OH groups of the 3' terminal ribose contribute to RNA binding by N. meningitidis ProQ. In summary, the minimal ProQ protein from N. meningitidis has generally similar requirements for RNA binding as the isolated FinO domains of other proteins of this family, but differs from them in detailed RNA features that are optimal for specific RNA recognition.
The views of educators on the utilisation of information and communication technologies in controlled educational environments: The example of therapeutic communities
Authors: Ntaflou Aikaterini , Malafantis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

Reintegration of individuals into the community constitutes an official strategic aim for correctional facilities. It methodically addresses the factors that contribute to the recurrence of delinquent behaviour while simultaneously reinforcing those that will aid in the stability of this integration. From this perspective, incarcerated individuals need to be educated on how society and the state operate. A crucial part of this education, not as a privilege but as a necessity for reintegration into a world where technological advancements affect the structure and functions of social systems, is familiarisation with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). For this reason, educators who undertake the task of educating delinquent individuals have an exceptionally challenging job. They strive to prepare individuals who are already disadvantaged in various aspects of their lives for their return to society, in highly restrictive environments, both in terms of educational and technological infrastructure. This research is part of a postdoctoral study on education and reintegration. It focuses on the views of educators who teach in therapeutic reintegration communities regarding utilising information and communication technologies in the education provided in these structures. The method of interviews was used with a total of 8 educators teaching in therapeutic communities in Greece.
Exploring the connections between dissociation and psychosis: A psychocybernetic perspective
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

This article aims to explore the application of the cybernetic model within the context of explaining the mechanisms behind the development of dissociation and psychosis. The analysis focuses on the cybernetic model, with particular attention to the autonomic system as proposed by Professor Marian Mazur. Priority is given to the role of the homeostat and the feedback mechanism, demonstrating how the homeostat is regulated through tension across the entire autonomic system. Additionally, the impact of the homeostat on tension regulation is discussed in the context of resistance phenomena, especially in situations where the system resists increasing emotional potential in the face of high sensory potential. The conclusions derived from the cybernetic model, presented in the final part of the article, shed new light on the possibility that dissociation may precede psychosis, challenging dominant beliefs in this area.
Διαταραγμένη διατροφική συμπεριφορά, ενήλικη προσκόλληση και διαφοροποίηση του εαυτού
Authors: Κρεμμύδα Νίκη , Τάνταρος Σπυρίδων
Published: January 2025

Στην παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζεται η σχέση της διαταραγμένης διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς με την ενήλικη προσκόλληση, με διαμεσολαβητική μεταβλητή τη διαφοροποίηση του εαυτού. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 302 ελληνόφωνοι ενήλικες. Στους συμμετέχοντες χορηγήθηκαν τα ερωτηματολόγια αυτοαναφοράς Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) για την αξιολόγηση της διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) για την αξιολόγηση της ενήλικης προσκόλλησης και Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), για την αξιολόγηση της διαφοροποίησης του εαυτού. Οι αναλύσεις έδειξαν στατιστικώς σημαντικές συσχετίσεις της ενήλικης προσκόλλησης με τη διαφοροποίηση του εαυτού, της διαταραγμένης διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς με τη διαφοροποίηση του εαυτού καθώς και της διαταραγμένης διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς με την προσκόλληση. Επιπλέον βρέθηκαν διαφορές ως προς το φύλο τόσο στη συμπτωματολογία των διαταραχών διατροφής όσο και στις διαστάσεις της διαφοροποίησης του εαυτού. Τέλος, παρατηρήθηκε στατιστικώς σημαντική διαμεσολάβηση της διαφοροποίησης του εαυτού στη σχέση της διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς με την ενήλικη προσκόλληση. Διαπιστώθηκε ότι η σχέση της διαταραγμένης διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς και της ενήλικης προσκόλλησης είναι μερικώς έμμεση, διαμεσολαβούμενη από τη διαφοροποίηση του εαυτού.
An investigation into the relationship between stress mindset and stress responses: The role of coping mechanisms
Authors: Belevegka Anna , Smyth Nina
Published: January 2025

The positive and negative beliefs that people hold about stress influence their psychological reactions during stressful situations. In the long term, intense responses to stress can affect health and productivity. This study aims to examine how coping mechanisms mediate the relationship between stress mindset and stress responses. Additionally, its purpose is to provide rich qualitative insight into how individuals respond to stress on behavioural, cognitive, and emotional levels. A total of 238 healthy adults (Mean age: 28.04, SD: 15.55) responded to an online survey. Stress mindset and coping mechanisms were assessed via the Stress Mindset Measure-General (SMM-G) and the brief COPE inventory. Stress responses were assessed via open-ended questions. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and transformed into quantitative data through content analysis. A mediation analysis was performed to examine the ability of coping mechanisms to mediate the relationship between stress mindset and stress responses. The thematic analysis categorized behavioural, cognitive, and emotional responses to stress. Within those three supraordinate themes, seven themes emerged. The total stress mindset was found to have significant negative relationship with stress response intensity and avoidant coping. Stress response intensity had a significant positive relationship with avoidant coping. Mediation analysis revealed that avoidant coping mechanisms mediated the relationship between stress mindset and responses to stress. Results suggest that adopting a less negative mindset about stress may lead to more beneficial coping mechanisms, which can, in turn, enhance the regulation of stress responses.
Mental health information-seeking in Greece from the Global Financial Crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multiple change-point Google Trends analysis
Authors: Parpoula Christina , Anagnostopoulos Fotios
Published: January 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Greek population was already burdened by the strain of a decade-long financial crisis, which had caused life disruption, insecurity, uncertainty, and loss of symbolic capital, inevitably placing a huge cumulative burden on their mental health. Since other discernable population-level changes in mental health have not yet emerged, continued monitoring is warranted. Identifying emerging needs for mental health services was the major objective of the present study. To accomplish this, a multiple change-point detection and validation approach was employed to analyze Google Trends data, exploring community interest in mental health therapists and treatment practices in Greece. Specifically, Google search data from pre- and post-financial and pandemic crises periods (2004-2023) were analyzed to assess the search frequency of specific topics/terms of interest. The results revealed that, over the last six years or so, searches for terms like “psychologist”, “psychiatrist”, “psychotherapist”, and “neurologist”, as well as treatment practices such as “psychotherapy”, “meditation”,  and “antidepressants”, have increased. However, a decline in searches for “mental health counselor”, “psychotherapy”, “psychoanalysis”, “meditation” and “mental health helplines” was observed after 2011 (persisting for at least the next 5-7 years in certain cases). Searches for “psychoanalyst”, “mental health centre” and “anxiolytics” remained relatively stable throughout the study period. These results, combined with ongoing surveillance, can offer insights into public interest in mental health services and guide public mental health initiatives to be better tailored to the needs of communities, ultimately addressing the psychological toll of the preceding socioeconomic crisis and the current COVID-19 situation.
The Hidden Toll: Investigating the influence of Corruption on Persistent Suicide in the Americas
Authors: Kularathne Sherin , Jayathilaka Ruwan
Published: January 2025

Background Corruption, a multifaceted governance issue, impacts public well-being globally. The recent trends reveal a rise in suicide rates across the Americas, while all other regions show declines over twenty years of time. This study investigates corruption’s effect on suicide in 26 American countries, considering moderating factors of unemployment, inflation, and economic growth. Methods This study analysed latest two decades of available data, using stepwise panel regression method to investigate the effects of corruption and economic variables on suicide across income levels. Data were sourced from Transparency International, World Bank and the World Health Organization. Initially, unit root tests and CUSUM plots were used to ensure the stability and stationarity of the dataset, and model specification were validated through F test, LM test and Hausman test to select the ideal econometric model - POLS, REM, or FEM for the study. Results A strong suicide rate persistence revealed, particularly in high-income countries, where the lagged suicide variable showed a coefficient of 0.8063 (p < 0.001). Corruption significantly impacted suicide rates in upper-middle-income countries (coefficient = -0.0268, p < 0.05), with higher corruption perceptions scores correlating with lower suicide rates. Additionally, unemployment acted as a significant moderator, intensifying the corruption’s adverse impact on suicide with a coefficient of 0.0022 (p < 0.001) in upper-middle income nations. Economic growth demonstrated a minor protective effect, particularly in high-income regions, with an interaction coefficient of -0.0005 (p < 0.1), suggesting slight suicide reduction linked to economic stability. Conclusion This study found that corruption, unemployment, and economic growth significantly influence suicide rates across the Americas. Corruption exacerbates suicide risks in upper-middle-income countries, while unemployment amplifies this effect. Economic growth offers a slight protective effect, particularly in high-income regions, suggesting that economic stability may help mitigate suicide rates.
Major Depressive Disorder as a Condition Negatively Impacting Both Mental and Physical Functioning. What to Do When There Is Treatment Resistance?
Authors: Makar Monika , Michałka Daria , Gałuszka Zuzanna , Papachristoforou Natalie , Głowacka Justyna , Kocjan Aleksandra , Bąk Emilia , Tekiela Natalia , Chmiel Radosław , Bartuś Tomasz
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to assess the efficacy and safety of diverse therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Additionally, the review identifies potential avenues for future research within this domain.
The article compares the results of selected studies. We conducted a literature search in November of 2024, using PubMed. Six studies were identified, chosen, and appraised. Among these studies, three are systematic reviews and three are narrative literature reviews.
If  it comes to treatment efficacy studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of several strategies. Ketamine and esketamine have shown rapid and substantial efficacy in mitigating the symptoms of TRD. Augmentation with aripiprazole and quetiapine has also been found to enhance the response to antidepressant treatment. The combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine is effective for treating TRD, however, it may be associated with metabolic side effects. Augmentation with lithium, triiodothyronine (T3), and lamotrigine shows promising results, though further research is required to fully evaluate their efficacy and safety in TRD management.
The management of TRD is associated with several challenges. These include the absence of a standardized definition and grading system, which impedes the comparison of research outcomes. The multifactorial nature of TRD further complicates the development of a universal treatment strategy. Summarizing, there are several treatment strategies available for TRD, however, the most effective approach should be personalized for each patient. Ongoing research is critical to advancing our understanding of TRD and developing more effective therapeutic options.
The Role of Reconstructive Surgery for Treating Pressure Injuries – A Review of Literature
Authors: Łukasiewicz Martyna , Grotowska Magdalena , Wydro Maria , Strawińska Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 10.8% of the European population in 2019. Their development is primarily attributed to ischemia and tissue necrosis resulting from prolonged pressure. According to the NPIAP classification, PIs are categorized into four stages, with surgical intervention predominantly indicated for stage III and IV ulcers. Reconstructive surgery encompasses various techniques, with debridement (the removal of necrotic tissue) being the most frequently performed procedure. An essential component of the healing process is negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), which facilitates oxygen delivery to deeper tissue layers and promotes faster regeneration. Promising outcomes have also been observed with the use of regional flaps, particularly in the management of large bedsores and cases where other options are no longer viable. Despite advancements in surgical treatments, challenges such as graft rejection and high recurrence rates persist. The selection of the surgical approach should be guided by the patient’s overall health status and the specific characteristics of the ulcer. Effective management of PIs is critical for preventing prolonged hospitalizations and mitigating the risk of hospital-acquired infections, thereby significantly improving patients' quality of life.
Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Crisis Situations: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Armed Conflicts - Types of Disorders, Effects, and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Gadżała Katarzyna , Przygodzka Sabina , Rutkiewicz Maciej , Garbino Karolina , Brudniak Katarzyna , Szuścik Antoni , Czyczerska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The deterioration of mental health in children and adolescents is a serious medical problem, and the number of mental disorders has been increasing in recent years. In every part of the world, children and adolescents suffer from mental health problems, and their needs are not adequately taken care of. In addition, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts have had a significant impact on the emergence of disorders in children and adolescents. Loneliness, fear, anxiety and lack of emotional support and access to appropriate medical and psychological care are the basis of these problems. Support for young patients, psychological and pharmacological interventions and raising awareness about the importance of mental health are the basis for improving the mental health of adolescents.
Aim of study. The aim of this study is to investigate the increasing prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents and to examine their correlation with the occurrence of pandemics, wars and traumas.
Materials and methods. A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted using specific keywords such as “children’s mental health”, “youth mental health”, “COVID-19 pandemic”, “war in Ukraine”, “armed conflicts”, “mental disorders”, “depression” and “anxiety”. The review was conducted in the Pub Med database, analyzing a total of 39 sources published by the end of 2024.
Conclusions. Both the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts have a negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents worldwide. The occurrence of previous mental health problems significantly increases the risk of anxiety disorders, PTSD, depression. The basic strategy for preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of these disorders are preventive programs, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, if necessary combined with pharmacotherapy.
The Innovative Approaches to Treating Apnea of Prematurity: From Sensory Stimulation to Aromatherapy
Authors: Kocjan Aleksandra , Papachristoforou Natalie , Michałka Daria , Gałuszka Zuzanna , Makar Monika , Bartuś Tomasz , Tekiela Natalia , Bąk Emilia , Głowacka Justyna , Chmiel Radosław
Published: January 2025

Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a significant health issue affecting neonates born before the 37th week of gestation. It results from the immaturity of respiratory control mechanisms and is often exacerbated by various coexisting factors, which can intensify symptoms and lead to severe health consequences. Despite extensive research on the underlying mechanisms of AOP, a single effective treatment has yet to be identified. Current therapies, such as caffeine administration, are associated with potential adverse effects. Emerging interventions, including sensory stimulation, carbon dioxide inhalation, positional changes, and aromatherapy, offer promising alternatives. These approaches have the potential to complement standard treatments while being less invasive.
Evaluation of natural language processing models to measure similarity between scenarios written in Spanish
Authors: Perez Gabriela , Mostaccio Catalina , Maltempo Giuliana , Antonelli Leandro
Published: January 2025

Requirements engineering is a critical phase in software development; it seeks to understand and document system requirements from early stages. Typically, requirements specification involves close collaboration between customers and development teams. Customers contribute their expertise in the domain language, while developers use more technical, computational terms. Despite these differences, achieving mutual understanding is crucial.One of the most widely used artifacts for this purpose is scenarios. In environments where multiple actors write scenarios, duplication is common. Thus, there is a need for mechanisms to detect similar scenarios and prevent redundancy. Inthis paper we empirically evaluate several pre-trained Natural Language Processing models to analyze the semantic similarity between scenarios in Spanish, identifying words or phrases with equivalent meanings. It is important to note that the analysis is performed in this language to contribute to the region.Finally, we present a tool that facilitates the creation of new scenarios by identifying potential similarities with existing ones. The tool supports multiple models, allowing users to select the most appropriate one to detect similar scenarios accurately during the definition process.
“A emoção da tristeza, o prazer da tristeza” em Wada Kyûtarô, ou uma estética elaborada em escritos de cárcere
Authors: Chaves Gonçalves Pinto Felipe
Published: January 2025

O texto busca investigar os desenvolvimentos e as aplicações estéticas feitas por Wada Kyûtarô (1893-1928), naquilo que ele denominou por “a emoção da tristeza, o prazer da tristeza”, em Das janelas da prisão (Gokusô kara, 1927). Wada foi um compositor de haiku japonês que, após abandonar os anseios literários, migrou para a ação política radical e direta. Nesse contexto, foi condenado à prisão perpétua e trabalhos forçados por atentar contra a vida de um militar de alto escalão em 1924. Em cárcere, volta a escrever haiku e tanka, além de cartas, ensaios e outros textos congêneres. Enquanto proposta argumentativa, é sugerido que Wada, através da articulação de seu conceito, esteja refinando concepções e posicionamentos estéticos que exercerão influência tanto em sua poética de cárcere quanto em sua concepção ontológica.