bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of therapeutic opioid agonists on driving-related psychomotor skills assessed by a driving simulator or an on-road driving task: A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Diana H , Boland Jason W , Phillips Jane L , Lam Lawrence , Currow David C
Published: January 2018

Background:

Driving cessation is associated with poor health-related outcomes. People with chronic diseases are often prescribed long-term opioid agonists that have the potential to impair driving. Studies evaluating the impact of opioids on driving-related psychomotor skills report contradictory results likely due to heterogeneous designs, assessment tools and study populations. A better understanding of the effects of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on driving can help to inform the balance between individual’s independence and community safety.

Aim:

To identify the literature assessing the impact of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on driving-related psychomotor skills for people with chronic pain or chronic breathlessness.

Design:

Systematic review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement; PROSPERO Registration CRD42017055909.

Data sources:

Six electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched up to January, 2017. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) empirical studies reporting data on driving simulation, on-the-road driving tasks or driving outcomes; (2) people with chronic pain or chronic breathlessness; and (3) taking regular therapeutic opioid agonists. Critical appraisal used the National Institutes of Health’s quality assessment tools.

Results:

From 3809 records screened, three studies matched the inclusion criteria. All reported data on people with chronic non-malignant pain. No significant impact of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on people’s driving-related psychomotor skills was reported. One study reported more intense pain significantly worsened driving performance.

Conclusion:

This systematic review does not identify impaired simulated driving performance when people take regular therapeutic opioid agonists for symptom control, although more prospective studies are needed.
Serial quantitative neuroimaging of iron in the intracerebral hemorrhage pig model
Authors: Haque Muhammad E , Gabr Refaat E , Zhao Xiurong , Hasan Khader M , Valenzuela Andrew , Narayana Ponnada A , Ting Shun-Ming , Sun Guanghua , Savitz Sean I , Aronowski Jaroslaw
Published: January 2018

Iron released after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is damaging to the brain. Measurement of the content and distribution of iron in the hematoma could predict brain damage. In this study, 16 Yorkshire piglets were subjected to autologous blood injection ICH model and studied longitudinally using quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* relaxivity MRI on day 1 and 7 post-ICH. Phantom calibration of susceptibility demonstrated (1) iron distribution heterogeneity within the hematoma and (2) natural absorption of iron from 154 ± 78 µg/mL (day 1) to 127 ± 33 µg/mL (day 7). R2* in the hematoma decreased at day 7. This method could be adopted for ICH in humans.
Objective and Subjective Cancer Knowledge Among Faith-Based Chinese Adults
Authors: Hou Su-I , Liu Ling Jie
Published: January 2018

This study examined cancer knowledge between church-going younger versus older Chinese adults. Hou's 8-item validated cancer screening knowledge test (CSKT) and a new 14-item cancer warning signs test (CWST) were used to assess objective knowledge. Subjective knowledge was measured by one overall 5-point Likert scale item. A total of 372 Taiwanese and Chinese Americans from nine churches participated. Although there were no significant differences by age on either the CSKT scores (younger = 5.89 vs. older = 5.71; p = .297) or the CWST (younger = 6.27 vs. older = 5.86; p = .245), subjective knowledge was higher among older Chinese adults (younger = 2.44 vs. older = 3.05, p < .001). Older Chinese adults were also more likely to identify cancer warning signs correctly, while younger adults were more likely to identify false warning signs correctly. Results have implication on tailoring cancer knowledge type (subjective vs. objective) and content domain (screening vs. warning signs). Findings can help health educators better understand cancer education needs among Chinese adults.
Response Versus Nonresponse to Self-Regulatory Treatment Targets Is Not Discriminated by Personal Characteristics but Predicts Physical Activity, Eating Behavior, and Weight Changes in Women With Obesity
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: January 2018

Background

Results of behavioral weight-loss treatments vary widely, with mostly unsuccessful outcomes beyond the short term. Women with obesity participating in a new cognitive-behavioral weight-loss treatment were assessed on their responses to psychological targets.

Methods

Groups of responders ( n = 43) and nonresponders ( n = 48) were established post hoc.

Results

Age, race/ethnicity, education, income, body composition, physical activity, and eating behaviors at baseline were not discriminated between responders and nonresponders. Over both 6 and 24 months, responders improved significantly more in physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption but not sweets intake. Weight loss over 6 and 24 months was significantly greater for the responder group at 8.1% and 8.6% versus nonresponders at 4.7% and 3.8%, respectively. Self-regulation change significantly predicted all behavioral changes, with mood change improving the predictive strength for only sweets intake.

Discussion

Although further research is required to determine the etiology of, and to maximize, positive responses, findings suggested prospects for treatment improvements.
Egyptian Pottery Distribution in A-Group Cemeteries, Lower Nubia: Towards an Understanding of Exchange Systems between the Naqada Culture and the A-Group Culture
Authors: Takamiya Izumi H.
Published: January 2018

This paper explores exchange systems in the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Nile valley by examining distribution patterns of Egyptian pottery vessels in A-Group cemeteries of Lower Nubia. So-called ‘Hard Orange Ware’ vessels, manufactured within the Naqada culture area, were widely distributed along the valley, from the Delta to the Second Cataract region and beyond. Their presence in A-Group cemeteries, imported from the north, provides suitable material for investigating exchange systems between Naqada and A-Group societies. Quantitative analyses, including those on form assemblages and ‘fall-off patterns’, are applied, with the aim of elucidating distribution patterns, which may indicate developing complexity in exchange systems in Lower Nubia as complex societies developed within the Naqada culture.
The Discourse of the Fowler: Papyrus Butler Verso (P. BM EA 10274)
Authors: Parkinson R. B.
Published: January 2018

The late Twelfth Dynasty P. Butler (P. BM EA 10274) verso contains a literary text, in which a fowler laments his situation. This is similar in style to The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant on the recto, and may be part of the same text as P. Moscow 1695 verso. A discussion of the Theban provenance is followed by a text edition, incorporating collations with archival sources and photographs, and an annotated translation.
Qasr Ibrim 1974—The Coins
Authors: Frend W. H. C.
Published: January 2018

Publication of the Ptolemaic and Roman coins discovered mainly in the course of the EES excavations at Qasr Ibrim in 1974. Written at that time by the original excavator, 167 coins and similar metal objects are fully described and illustrated.
An Early Dynastic Serekh from the Kharga Oasis
Authors: Ikram Salima , Rossi Corinna
Published: January 2018

Publication of an inscription and associated rock-art discovered during survey work in the Kharga Oasis. This includes a previously unattested Early Dynastic serekh, here dated to Dynasty 0 or the early First Dynasty. The discovery demands a re-assessment of Early Dynastic activity in the Western Desert.
Some Ptolemaic Spielerei with scribal palettes
Authors: De Meyer Marleen
Published: January 2018

This article is a discussion of some terms used for ‘scribal palette’ in Graeco-Roman texts, and of how the interpretation of ‘sportive’ writings depends upon the context.
A Pedagogical Note on Multitier Pricing Scheme
Authors: Chang Winston W. , Chen Tai-Liang
Published: January 2018

This note derives a new formula for determining a monopolist’s optimal multitier pricing scheme for any given number of tiers. It further characterizes Gabor’s ( Review of Economic Studies) two-tier pari passu marginal revenue function to the [Formula: see text]-tier case. By introducing the individual tier’s marginal revenue and the pari passu marginal revenue in a linear demand case, this note provides a perceptive graphical representation of the optimal pricing scheme, revealing that all tiers’ outputs are equal, the last tier’s price is always higher than the marginal cost, and an increase in the number of tiers increases social welfare. In a class of nonlinear demand functions, it shows that starting from the first tier, the tiers’ outputs are monotonically increasing (decreasing) if the demand function is strictly convex (concave). It also shows that the equal-tier-output property preserves in the linear demand case with the total output fixed as a constraint.

JEL Classification: D01, D21, D42, L12, L21
To Found or to Fund? Comparing the Performance of Corporate and Noncorporate Foundations
Authors: Rey-Garcia Marta , Sanzo-Perez María José , Álvarez-González Luis Ignacio
Published: January 2018

The implications of the organizational alternatives of corporate philanthropy are yet to be properly understood. This is particularly the case when contributions are channeled through corporate foundations, instead of going directly to nonprofit organizations independent from the firm. Data on the resources, undertakings, and effects of corporate foundations are scarce; conceptualization is poor; and their rationale has been mainly explored from the perspective of the potential benefits for the company. This study aims at contributing to conceptual debate and empirical research on corporate foundations from the perspective of how well they perform as nonprofits. The performance of corporate and noncorporate foundations is compared across three different productivity indicators, based on a survey to a representative sample of 325 foundations. Results of linear regression models suggest that, all else equal, corporate foundations have a greater capability to make resources available for charitable purposes with lower levels of human and financial inputs.
‘Cool’ Meanings: Tattoo Artists, Body Work and Organizational ‘Bodyscape’
Authors: Simpson Ruth , Pullen Alison
Published: January 2018

This article analyses the meanings tattooists as ‘body workers’ construct around their work. Based on an ethnographic study, the research finds that tattooists adhere to notions of non-conformity, unconventional artistry and professionalism. We locate these meanings within the cultural values and aesthetics of ‘cool’ as an admired set of attributes and displays which enable tattooists to manage some of the tensions of the work. Combining Bourdieu’s concept of habitus with Gagliardi’s notion of landscape, we develop the idea of ‘bodyscape’ to further an integrated understanding of body work as spatialized and embodied i.e. one which incorporates the significance of spatial practices and artefacts, the bodies of those worked upon and the embodied dispositions of workers.
Experiments and efficient simulations of distortions of laser beam–welded thin-sheet close beam steel structures
Authors: Andersson Oscar , Fahlström Karl , Melander Arne
Published: January 2018

In this article, geometrical distortions of steel structures due to laser beam welding were analyzed. Two 700-mm-long U-beam structures were welded in overlap configurations: a double U-beam structure and a U-beam/flat structure. The structures were in different material combinations from mild steel to ultrahigh-strength steel welded with different process parameters. Different measures of distortions of the U-beam structures were evaluated after cooling. Significant factors of the welding process and the geometry of the structures were identified. Furthermore, welding distortions were modeled using two predictive finite element simulation models. The previously known shrinkage method and a newly developed time-efficient simulation method were evaluated. The new model describes the effects of expansion and shrinkage of the weld zone during welding and material plasticity at elevated temperatures. The new simulation method has reasonable computation times for industrial applications and improved agreement with experiments compared to the often used so-called shrinkage method.
Energy-aware path planning of an unmanned aerial vehicle acting as a communication relay for mobile ground nodes
Authors: Choi Dae H , Jung Byoung H , Sung Dan K
Published: January 2018

We focus on energy-aware path planning of a small unmanned aerial vehicle-based relay which forwards the data received from a stationary remote station to a mobile access point. In order to reduce the communication power required for reliable communication between the unmanned aerial vehicle-based relay and access point, the unmanned aerial vehicle-based relay keeps track of the access point within a maximum allowable horizontal distance at a constant altitude, and thus the communication power of the unmanned aerial vehicle-based relay decreases as the horizontal distance decreases. In order to determine the energy-efficient manoeuvring of the unmanned aerial vehicle-based relay within the horizontal distance, we formulate a new off-line trajectory optimization problem. The solution of the problem gives insight into how to realize the energy-efficient manoeuvring. For online implementation of energy-efficient path planning (manoeuvring control), we propose two control schemes: a model predictive control scheme and a standoff tracking control scheme. These schemes can significantly reduce manoeuvring energy compared with conventional schemes.
Control of incident shock-induced boundary-layer separation using steady micro-jet actuators at M∞ = 3.5
Authors: Chidambaranathan Manisankar , Verma Shashi B , Rathakrishnan Ethirajan
Published: January 2018

Experiments were carried out to control an incident shock-induced separation associated with 22° shock generator in a Mach 3.5 flow using an array of steady micro-jet actuators. Four micro-jet actuator configurations based on the variation in their pitch angle [Formula: see text], skew angle [Formula: see text] and span-wise spacing were used. Each of these configurations were placed 14 δ upstream of the interaction and operated with injection pressures ( Poj) varying from 140 to 643 kPa. While no major variations in separation characteristics were observed for Poj < 140 kPa, significant modifications were observed beyond [Formula: see text] of 140 kPa and until 208.5 kPa. Amongst all the four control configurations, micro-jet vortex generator 2 ([Formula: see text] showed the best control with a 2 δ downstream shift in separation point location relative to no-control. The shift is also accompanied with a change in maximum zero-crossing frequency towards higher frequency (almost twice), a reduction in the intermittency length and an increase in the correlation value between the boundary layer just upstream of the interaction and the intermittent region. These results indicate that the effectiveness of micro-jet vortex generator 2 is probably due to the improved entrainment levels in the shear layer induced by the micro-vortices which are generated downstream of these devices. The increase of the skew angle [Formula: see text] from 180° to 270° for the same pitch angle of β =  45° (micro-jet vortex generator 3) seems to have no major impact on the separation characteristics. The reduction in the span-wise spacing (micro-jet vortex generator 4) resulted in deterioration of the flow field due to the jet-to-jet interaction with increasing injection pressures.
Sea-unammned aerial vehicle takeoff characteristics analysis method based on approximate equilibrium hypothesis
Authors: Ma Dongli , Li Zhi , Yang Muqing , Guo Yang , Hu Haode
Published: January 2018

In this paper, transient multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics simulations based on volume of fluid model are conducted for a sea-unmanned aerial vehicle. The approximate equilibrium hypothesis is implemented after estimating the acceleration in the vertical direction. The complete configuration model and hull model are employed in simulation to predict the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces separately for different demands of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic computational fluid dynamics predictions and computing efficiency. In takeoff characteristics analysis, the computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted as inputs for piecewise interpolation method. The calculated results show that the sea-unmanned aerial vehicle takeoff characteristics are totally different from a conventional aircraft. The drag-peak at hump speed is the obvious feature of the sea-unmanned aerial vehicle/seaplane. In most cases, if a sea-unmanned aerial vehicle will takeoff successfully as long as it can pass the drag peak. The takeoff distance and time calculated by piecewise interpolation method match the experimental data within 7% deviation. The accuracy is acceptable for conceptual design stage of a sea-unmanned aerial vehicle/seaplane. The results are applicable to consultation in choosing takeoff field or choosing powerplant.
Dissociating Orienting Biases From Integration Effects With Eye Movements
Authors: Hilchey Matthew D. , Rajsic Jason , Huffman Greg , Klein Raymond M. , Pratt Jay
Published: January 2018

Despite decades of research, the conditions under which shifts of attention to prior target locations are facilitated or inhibited remain unknown. This ambiguity is a product of the popular feature discrimination task, in which attentional bias is commonly inferred from the efficiency by which a stimulus feature is discriminated after its location has been repeated or changed. Problematically, these tasks lead to integration effects; effects of target-location repetition appear to depend entirely on whether the target feature or response also repeats, allowing for several possible inferences about orienting bias. To parcel out integration effects and orienting biases, we designed the present experiments to require localized eye movements and manual discrimination responses to serially presented targets with randomly repeating locations. Eye movements revealed consistent biases away from prior target locations. Manual discrimination responses revealed integration effects. These data collectively revealed inhibited reorienting and integration effects, which resolve the ambiguity and reconcile episodic integration and attentional orienting accounts.
The risky womb and the unthinkability of the pregnant man: Addressing trans masculine hysterectomy
Authors: Toze Michael
Published: January 2018

In April 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that requiring trans people to undergo sterilisation in order to grant legal gender recognition was a breach of human rights. In the UK, sterilisation has never been a legal requirement for trans people. However, hysterectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy have been strongly encouraged for trans masculine people on medical grounds, although the clinical evidence for current recommendations is weak. Within this article I analyse the issue from a feminist perspective and argue that current presumptions in favour of surgical intervention are influenced by the history of medical interventions to “fix” bodies perceived as female, coupled with a strong social taboo against the pregnant man. As a consequence, medical and legal frameworks are not necessarily facilitating optimal outcomes for the individual. I suggest that practices in this regard should be critically examined, with a view to developing more tailored, person-centred practices and facilitating informed choice.
Identification of aldo-keto reductase (AKR7A1) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) as novel renal damage biomarkers following exposure to mercury
Authors: Shin Y-J , Kim K-A , Kim E-S , Kim J-H , Kim H-S , Ha M , Bae O-N
Published: January 2018

The kidney is one of the main targets for toxicity induced by xenobiotics. Sensitive detection of early impairment is critical to assess chemical-associated renal toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify potential nephrotoxic biomarkers in rat kidney tissues after exposure to mercury (Hg), a representative nephrotoxicant, and to evaluate these new biomarkers employing in vivo and in vitro systems. Mercuric chloride was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks. Proteomic analysis revealed that aldo-keto reductase (AKR7A1) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) were significantly elevated in kidney after Hg exposure. While the levels of conventional nephrotoxic clinical markers including blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were not elevated, the mRNA and protein levels of AKR7A1 and GSTP1 were increased upon Hg exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The increases in AKR7A1 and GSTP1 were also observed in rat kidneys after an extended exposure for 6 weeks to low-dose Hg. In in vitro rat kidney proximal tubular cells, changes in AKR7A1 and GSTP1 levels correlated well with the extent of cytotoxicity induced by Hg, cadmium, or cisplatin. AKR7A1 and GSTP1 were identified as new candidates for Hg-induced nephrotoxicity, suggesting that these biomarkers have potential for evaluating or predicting nephrotoxicity.
Crowd surveillance: The (in)securitization of the urban body
Authors: Nishiyama Hidefumi
Published: January 2018

The recent proliferation of the securitization of crowded places has led to a growth in the development of technologies of crowd behaviour analysis. However, despite the emerging prominence of crowd surveillance in emergency planning, its impacts on our understanding of security and surveillance have received little discussion. Using the case of crowd surveillance in Tokyo, this article examines the ways in which crowds are simulated, monitored and secured through the technology of crowd behaviour analysis, and discusses the implications on the politics of security. It argues that crowd surveillance constitutes a unique form of the biopolitics of security that targets not the individual body or the social body of population, but the urban body of crowd. The power of normalization in crowd surveillance operates in a preemptive manner through the codification of crowd behaviour that is spatially and temporarily specific. The article also interrogates the introduction of crowd surveillance in relation to racialized logics of suspicion and argues that, despite its appearance as non-discriminatory and ‘a-racial’, crowd surveillance entails the racial coding of crowd behaviour and urban space. The article concludes with the introduction of crowd surveillance as a border control technology, which reorients existing modalities of (in)securitization at airports.
Health Care Cost of Noncommunicable Diseases Related to Smoking in Indonesia, 2015
Authors: Kristina Susi Ari , Endarti Dwi , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Fahamsya Arifina , Faizah Nurul
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence and treatment cost of noncommunicable diseases attributed to tobacco in the Indonesian population in 2015. An epidemiological study was performed. Using the national universal coverage database, we calculated the morbidity and treatment cost of 19 diseases. Proportion of smoking-attributed diseases and treatment costs because of smoking were calculated using smoking-attributable fraction. The study revealed that the morbidity of smoking-related diseases accounted for 991 331 cases, about 21.6% of total cases of chronic diseases in Indonesia. The highest incidences of disease were hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and ischemic heart disease. The treatment cost of smoking in Indonesia was conservatively estimated to be at least US$2177 million, approximately 2.5% of the 2015 gross domestic product. A majority of the cost was largely concentrated in the male population (US$2164 million). Treatment costs of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and ischemic heart disease had the highest cost burden. This study’s findings provide scientific evidence about the economic burden of smoking, particularly the health care expenditure covered by the government. This study’s evidence is important for informing national public health policy to advocate the health promotion and prevention program.
Trends in Vaccination Refusal in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Kedah, Malaysia: A 4-Year Review From 2013 to 2016
Authors: Chan Huan-Keat , Soelar Shahrul Aiman , Md Ali Siti Maisarah , Ahmad Faizah , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi
Published: January 2018

The current study examined how the trends in childhood vaccination refusal in Kedah, Malaysia, changed over a 4-year period (2013-2016). Data contributed by 60 public health centers were used to determine the annual incidence rates (per 1000 newborns) of vaccination refusal, and to identify the reasons for refusal among the mothers. The trend analysis revealed a 2.2-times increment in the incidence rates of vaccination refusal from 4.72 in 2013 to 10.51 in 2015, followed by a 52.2% reduction to 5.02 in 2016 ( P = .046). Besides, the proportion of mothers who refused vaccination because of religious belief reduced from 78% between 2013 and 2015 to 67.1% in 2016 ( P = .005). Overall, the finding confirms the positive impact of the educational and religious interventions introduced by the State Health Department of Kedah since January 2016; nonetheless, efforts to strengthen the existing strategies and thereby to maximize the vaccination coverage in Kedah are warranted.
Establishing a budgetary capacity in the Eurozone. Recent proposals and legal challenges
Authors: Lionello Luca
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the project of additional budgetary capacity for the Eurozone by investigating its meaning, features and feasibility. The different proposals that have been put forward hitherto describe it as a stabilisation tool aimed at fostering structural reforms and absorbing economic shocks to ensure the resilience of the EMU as a whole. This article will focus on three main issues. First, it will analyse why the need for additional budgetary capacity has arisen during the sovereign debt crisis. Second, it will describe how the additional budgetary capacity would realistically shape up in practice, taking into consideration both its possible revenues and objectives. The final part will then consider the main legal challenges that the creation of an additional budgetary capacity will have to deal with: the identification of the legal basis, the impact on the principle of conferral, the repression of moral hazard behaviours and the creation of an efficient mechanism of democratic control.
Does the concept of rule of law have any material content? A Nordic point of view
Authors: Raitio Juha
Published: January 2018

What does the concept of rule of law mean? Does it contain any material elements? Despite the difficulties, it is worth trying to define the rule of law, but in a certain context. Now this context relates to the Nordic (mainly Finnish), German and British conceptions of the rule of law as well as to the rule of law in the European Union. The rule of law is a relatively contradictory concept from a theoretical perspective. For example, one may disagree whether the concept of democracy is a prerequisite for the rule of law. Another difficult question seems to be whether the concept of the rule of law contains a substantive element. The third issue to disagree relates to the question whether and to what extent one should take into account the contemporary European and international interpretations of the concept. In this article the emphasis is on the EU law perspective in a sense that the rule of law is connected to respect for democracy and the protection of human rights just like it has been presented in the Article 2 TEU.
The political purpose of the ‘mixed legal system’ conception in the law of Scotland
Authors: Rahmatian Andreas
Published: January 2018

This article explores the concept of the ‘mixed system’ of Scots private law as a tool for Scottish legal nationalism. The paper looks at some difficulties and contradictions of the ‘mixed system’ idea and the role of Scottish legal nationalism in Scottish legal academia. Examples from contract, tort (delict) and property law will be used to illustrate the function of the ‘mixed system’ conception as an ideological and political device to further the cause of legal nationalism. The article then discusses the features of Scottish legal nationalism. It will be argued that Scottish legal nationalism poses many problems but is now diminishing, and this probably even correlates, somewhat paradoxically, with the rise of Scottish political nationalism and the real possibility of Scottish political independence from the United Kingdom in the present political climate.
Unbuckling of superelastic shape memory alloy columns
Authors: Watkins Ryan T , Shaw John A
Published: January 2018

Our recent buckling experiments on superelastic shape memory alloy columns (initially straight rods and tubes) discovered that during axial shortening, certain specimens bent (buckled) at a critical compressive load and then, surprisingly, straightened (unbuckled) at a larger compressive load. This “buckling–unbuckling” phenomenon, defined here as the deviation from and then return to a straight configuration during monotonic loading, is not only an intriguing phenomenon (contrary to the post-buckling behavior of conventional materials) but also presents the possibility for novel applications. This work aims to provide a clearer understanding of when and why unbuckling occurs, presenting the experimental observations of this phenomenon and the stability analysis of a modified Shanley column model that captures the unbuckling behavior.

Unbuckling behavior is shown to be a consequence of a secondary branch that deviates from the principal path at a low-load level (critical buckling load), but reattaches to the principal path at a higher load level (unbuckling load). The analysis shows that unbuckling behavior can only occur for certain combinations of column geometries and nonlinear (stiff–soft–stiff) material laws, that is, relatively stout columns with the right sequence of softening/stiffening to create the necessary restorative bending moment to reset the column to a straight configuration. The feasible space is defined by closed-form bounds on geometric and material parameters, along with a sensitivity analysis of these parameters on the amplitude of unbuckling.
The Practice and Science of Social Good: Emerging Paths to Positive Social Impact
Authors: Mor Barak Michàlle E.
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To explore the practice and science of social good and identify avenues for producing research and evidence-based practice in this area. The main proposition of this paper is that social good has the potential to promote ideals that directly align with social work values, offer new alliances and innovative technologies for achieving them, and spark interest in macro practice.

Method:

To gain an understanding of social good, a three-pronged approach was used: (a) review of multidisciplinary academic literature; (b) review of web-based information; and (c) analysis of qualitative interviews with nine social good experts.

Results:

The combined data indicated three social good domains: diversity and inclusion, environmental justice and sustainability, and peace and collaboration. A proposed definition and conceptual model of social good has emerged from the data: (I) social good domains; (II) unconventional systems of change; and (III) innovative technologies and approaches.

Conclusions:

Social good can open up new opportunities for the social work profession, together with allied disciplines, to lead the development of evidence-based practices and educational programs aimed at promoting social justice. It can bring a fresh direction to social work, rooted in the profession’s bedrock values and befitting the entrepreneurial spirit, advances and technological innovations of the 21st century.
Development of a Community-Based Palliative Care Screening Tool for Underserved Older Adults With Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Ghesquiere Angela , Gardner Daniel S. , McAfee Caitlin , Kenien Cara , Capezuti Elizabeth , Kozlov Elissa , Sirey Jo Anne , Reid M. Carrington
Published: January 2018

Although they experience high rates of chronic illness, low-income minority communities have traditionally underutilized palliative care services compared to whites and those with higher incomes. One reason for this trend is lack of screening by community providers. We utilized a community-based participatory research approach to develop and implement an innovative multidomain palliative care screening tool in aging service agencies. Participants were aging service providers and clients in the East and Central Harlem neighborhoods of New York City, which are characterized by high poverty, largely African American and Latino populations, disproportionally high rates of chronic conditions, and limited health-care access. Screening tool development included reviewing existing measures and obtaining feedback from an expert panel, aging service providers, and older adults. We developed a 22-item tool covering 3 domains of palliative care need (physical symptoms, emotional concerns, and goals of care), which can be administered in 10 to 15 minutes. Sixteen providers at 2 aging service agencies were trained to use the tool over a 3-month pilot period. The tool showed evidence of feasibility of implementation, with 44 older adult clients screened. Providers reported high acceptability, 36% of clients screened positive, and the majority accepted referrals to outpatient palliative care clinics. The screening tool has the potential to increase palliative care utilization among underserved community-dwelling older adults and may improve their quality of life, potentially in communities worldwide. Future work should examine the psychometric proprieties of the tool, examine predictors of positive screens, explore its impact on clinical outcomes, and expand its reach.
Impact of the Distance of Maxillary Advancement on Horizontal Relapse After Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Fahradyan Artur , Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Clarke Noreen , Park Stephen , Tsuha Michaela , Urata Mark M. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. , Yamashita Dennis-Duke R.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The maxillary horizontal relapse following Le Fort I advancement has been estimated to be 10% to 50%. This retrospective review examines the direct association between the amounts of maxillary advancement and relapse. We hypothesize that the greater the advancement, the greater the relapse amount.

Method:

Patients with class III skeletal malocclusion underwent maxillary advancement with either a Le Fort I or a Le Fort I with simultaneous mandibular setback (bimaxillary surgery) from 2008 to 2015. Patients were assessed for a history of cleft lip or cleft palate. Patients with known syndromes were excluded. Cephalometric analysis was performed to compare surgical and postsurgical changes.

Results:

Of 136 patients, 47.1% were males and 61.8% had a history of cleft. The mean surgery age was 18.9 (13.8-23) years and 53.7% underwent a bimaxillary procedure. A representative subgroup of 35 patients had preoperative, immediate postoperative, and an average of 1-year postoperative lateral cephalograms taken. The mean maxillary advancement was 6.3 mm and the horizontal relapse was 1.8 mm, indicating a 28.6% relapse. A history of cleft and amount of maxillary advancement were directly correlated, whereas bone grafting of the maxillary osteotomy sites was inversely correlated with the amount of relapse ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Our data suggest positive correlation between amount of maxillary advancement and horizontal relapse as well as a positive correlation between history of cleft and horizontal relapse. Bone grafting of the maxillary osteotomy sites has a protective effect on the relapse.
ROS1 Rearrangement in a Case of Classic Biphasic Pulmonary Blastoma
Authors: Jenkins Taylor M. , Morrissette Jennifer J. D. , Kucharczuk John C. , Deshpande Charuhas G.
Published: January 2018

Classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma (CBPB) is a rare and aggressive type of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) presenting in adults in the fourth to fifth decade. The prognosis is poor and after surgical resection, therapeutic options are often limited. ROS1 is a proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase that has been identified in some types of NSCLC. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with CBPB, which was subsequently found to have a ROS1 rearrangement. This is the first reported case of a ROS1-rearranged CBPB. This finding has therapeutic implications as these tumors have the potential to be treated with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Development and parameter identification of the flexible beam on elastic continuous tire model for a heavy-loaded radial tire
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Gao Qinhe
Published: January 2018

Experimental modal analysis, dynamic modeling, and parameter identification were employed to investigate the flexible beam tire model for a heavy-loaded radial tire. The in-plane bending vibration of the flexible tread is researched with the flexible beam tire model. The coupled vibration equation of the flexible tread and continuous sidewall is modeled with a flexible beam on elastic continuous beam tire model. The nonlinear sidewall dynamics sensitive to the inflation pressure is obtained. The coupled modal features of a heavy-loaded radial tire are presented experimentally for different inflation pressures. Structural parameters are identified by a backward genetic algorithm based on the error between the experimental and analytical modal resonant frequency for different inflation pressures. Experimental and theoretical results show that the flexible beam on elastic continuous beam tire model developed for the heavy-loaded radial tire with a larger flat ratio can achieve higher precision in predicting the in-plane vibration modes of the heavy-loaded radial tire. It can be extended to analyze the vibration modes of the heavy-loaded radial tire with different inflation pressures by taking the inflation pressure-sensitive radial stiffness of the sidewall into consideration.
Are Photographs Worth More Than a Thousand Words? Examining the Effects of Photographic–Textual and Textual-Only Frames on Public Attitude Toward Nuclear Energy and Nanotechnology
Authors: Lee Edmund W. J. , Ho Shirley S.
Published: January 2018

This study examines the impact of photographic–textual and risk–benefit frames on the level of visual attention, risk perception, and public support for nuclear energy and nanotechnology in Singapore. Using a 2 (photographic–textual vs. textual-only frames) × 2 (risk vs. benefit frames) × 2 (nuclear energy vs. nanotechnology) between-subject design with eye-tracking data, the results showed that photographic–textual frames elicited more attention and did have partial amplification effect. However, this was observable only in the context of nuclear energy, where public support was lowest when participants were exposed to risk frames accompanied by photographs. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.
Approach to initiating QT-prolonging oncology drugs in the ambulatory setting
Authors: de Lemos Mário L , Kung Carrie , Kletas Victoria , Badry Nadine , Kang Isabell
Published: January 2018

Since the introduction of regulatory drug approval guidance on the evaluation of QT interval prolongation, an increasing number of drug monographs has included cautions on the risk of QT prolongation. For example, QT prolongation is mentioned in the Canadian product monographs of 29 drugs commonly seen in oncology practice. This presents two major challenges. First, most guidelines and risk predictive tools for QT prolongation have been developed for hospitalized patients in acute care settings. In contrast, most QT-prolonging oncology drugs are used in medically stable patients in the ambulatory setting. Second, many oncology drugs are unique for their indications and non-QT prolonging alternative agents are often not available. In this review, we will outline an empiric initial approach to ambulatory cancer patients who are treated with oncology drugs which may prolong QT interval. This includes the predictive value of QT prolongation on torsades de pointes, the risk factors of the patients and the drugs, and the limitations of existing guidance in this area.
Imagining the Future in the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Franceschelli Michela , Keating Avril
Published: January 2018

In the aftermath of the 2008 global economic crisis, the future of young people is often presented in a negative light. Despite the recent difficult circumstances, our mixed-method study found that young people in Britain were still optimistic about their personal future. In this article, we explore the tension between this optimism and the (often less positive) actual circumstances of young people. Our findings suggest that young people’s views of the future were shaped by their deep-seated faith in the transformative power of hard work. We shall argue that this faith results from young people’s psychological adjustments to neoliberal beliefs about the potential of human agency to forge the future, with implications for views of others and society more generally.
Pesticide Poisonings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Jørs Erik , Neupane Dinesh , London Leslie
Published: January 2018

Aims and scope

This editorial is an introduction to the papers making up the special issue on ’pesticide poisonings in low- and middle income countries’.
Osteoarthritis and the Complement Cascade
Authors: Silawal Sandeep , Triebel Jakob , Bertsch Thomas , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula
Published: January 2018

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the intimate complement regulation and cross talk with other signaling pathways in joint-associated tissues remain incompletely understood. Recent insights are summarized and discussed here, to put together a more comprehensive picture of complement involvement in OA pathogenesis. Complement is regulated by several catabolic and inflammatory mediators playing a key role in OA. It seems to be involved in many processes observed during OA development and progression, such as extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) degradation, chondrocyte and synoviocyte inflammatory responses, cell lysis, synovitis, disbalanced bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and stem cell recruitment, as well as cartilage angiogenesis. In reverse, complement can be activated by various ECM components and their cleavage products, which are released during OA-associated cartilage degradation. There are, however, some other cartilage ECM components that can inhibit complement, underlining the diverse effects of ECM on the complement activation. It is hypothesized that complement might also be directly activated by mechanical stress, thereby contributing to OA. The question arises whether keeping the complement activation in balance could represent a future therapeutic strategy in OA treatment and in the prevention of its progression.
Rheological Properties of Commercially Available Hyaluronic Acid Products in the United States for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Knee Pain
Authors: Nicholls Mathew , Manjoo Ajay , Shaw Peter , Niazi Faizan , Rosen Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The inconsistent results within the current literature regarding the efficacy of intra-articular-hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been suggested to be due to intrinsic differences between individual HA products. The purpose of this investigation is to define the rheological differences between currently available HA products in the United States at the time of this study for the treatment of knee OA, which will help elaborate on the appropriateness of classifying HA products as a class opposed to as individual agents.

Methods:

The rheological parameters for Euflexxa, Orthovisc, Supartz, Monovisc, Synvisc, Synvisc-One, Gel-One, and Hyalgan were obtained with a TA AR 2000 EX Rheometer with a cone-plate geometry (40-mm plate diameter and a 2° cone angle) at room temperature.

Results:

The bulk rheological parameters of the different products suggest molecular structures traversing the range of dilute solution (Hyalgan, Supartz), semidilute solution (Euflexxa, Orthovisc), entangled solutions (Monovisc, Synvisc, Synvisc-One), and even gel-like (Gel-One) behavior.

Conclusions:

Due to the differences in rheological properties between IA-HA products, the universal assessment of these products as a class may not be appropriate. Instead, it may be more appropriate to assess each product individually. Future research should aim to link these differences in rheological properties to the differences in clinical efficacy seen across these IA-HA products.
Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Scores Are Associated With Increased Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among African Americans by Cardiometabolic Status
Authors: Layton Jill , Li Xiaochen , Shen Changyu , de Groot Mary , Lange Leslie , Correa Adolfo , Wessel Jennifer
Published: January 2018

The relationship between genetic risk variants associated with glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes risk has yet to be fully explored in African American populations. We pooled data from 4 prospective studies including 4622 African Americans to assess whether β-cell dysfunction (BCD) and/or insulin resistance (IR) genetic variants were associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. The BCD genetic risk score (GRS) and combined BCD/IR GRS were significantly associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. In cardiometabolic-stratified models, the BCD and IR GRS were associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk among 5 cardiometabolic strata: 3 clinically healthy strata and 2 clinically unhealthy strata. Genetic risk scores related to BCD and IR were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in African Americans. Notably, the GRSs were significant predictors of type 2 diabetes among individuals in clinically normal ranges of cardiometabolic traits.
Microvascular Outcomes of Pediatric-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Observational Case Reviews in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Gunaid Abdallah Ahmed
Published: January 2018

Microvascular complications of pediatric-onset type 1 diabetes are common in low-income countries. In this study, we aimed at reviewing microvascular outcomes in 6 cases with type 1 diabetes over 14 to 31 years of follow-up. Severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or diabetic macular edema (maculopathy) (DME) and overt diabetic nephropathy (macroalbuminuria) were seen among 4 of 6 patients, whereas severe diabetic peripheral neuropathy with Charcot neuroarthropathy was seen in 1 patient only, who had the longest duration of follow-up. The weighted mean (SD) (95% confidence interval) hemoglobin A1c was 8.9 (1.6) (8.4-9.4)% [74 (17) (68-80) mmol/mol] for PDR/DME and 8.6 (1.7) (8.0-9.0)% [71 (19) (65-77) mmol/mol] for macroalbuminuria. Thyroid autoimmunity was positive in 3 patients with overt hypothyroidism in 2 of them. Worse microvascular outcomes among these cases might be attributed to poor glycemic control, lack of knowledge, and limited financial resources.