bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations and Subtype Profiles among Pregnant Women of Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam
Authors: Ostankova Yulia V. , Shchemelev Alexandr N. , Thu Huynh Hoang Khanh , Davydenko Vladimir S. , Reingardt Diana E. , Serikova Elena N. , Zueva Elena B. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: September 2023

According to the latest data released by UNAIDS, the global number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 2021 was 38.4 million, with 1.5 million new HIV infections. In different countries, a significant proportion of these cases occur in the adult fertile population aged 15–49 years. According to UNAIDS, Vietnam had a national HIV prevalence of 0.3% of the total population at the end of 2019, with approximately 230,000 PLHIV. The most effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV is ART to reduce maternal viral load. HIV-infected pregnant women should undergo monthly monitoring, especially before the expected date of delivery. The aim of our work was to analyze subtypic structure and drug-resistant variants of HIV in pregnant women in Ho Chi Minh City. The study material was blood plasma samples from HIV-infected pregnant women: 31 women showed virological failure of ART, and 30 women had not previously received therapy. HIV-1 genotyping and mutation detection were performed based on analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the pol gene region. More than 98% of sequences genotyped as HIV-1 sub-subtype CRF01_AE. When assessing the occurrence of drug resistance mutations, genetic resistance to any drug was detected in 74.41% (95% CI: 62.71–85.54%) of patients. These included resistance mutations to protease inhibitors in 60.66% (95% CI: 47.31–72.93%) of patients, to NRTIs in 8.20% (95% CI: 2.72–18.10%), and to NNRTIs in 44.26% (95% CI: 31.55–57.52%). Mutations associated with NRTI (2) and NNRTI (8) resistance as well as PI mutations (12), including minor ones, were identified. The high prevalence of drug resistance mutations found in this study among pregnant women, both in therapeutically naive individuals and in patients with virological failure of ART, indicates that currently used regimens in Vietnam are insufficient to prevent vertical HIV infection.
Efficacy of White Spot Syndrome Virus Protein VP28-Expressing Chlorella vulgaris as an Oral Vaccine for Shrimp
Authors: Kim Min-Jeong , Kim Su-Hyun , Kim Jong-Oh , Lee Taek-Kyun , Jang In-Kwon , Choi Tae-Jin
Published: September 2023

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of white spot disease, which kills shrimp within a few days of infection. Although WSSV has a mortality rate of almost 100% and poses a serious threat to the shrimp farming industry, strategies for its prevention and treatment are extremely limited. In this study, we examined the efficacy of VP28, a recombinant WSSV protein expressed in Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), as an oral shrimp vaccine. When compared with the control group, in which WSSV had a cumulative mortality of 100%, shrimp treated with 5% VP28-expressing C. vulgaris in their feed only had a 20% cumulative mortality rate 12 days after the WSSV challenge. When compared with the nonvaccinated group, the transcription of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, C-type lectin, and prophenoloxidase genes, which are involved in shrimp defense against WSSV infection, was upregulated 29.6 fold, 15.4 fold, and 11.5 fold, respectively. These findings highlight C. vulgaris as a potential host for industrial shrimp vaccine production.
Assessment of Different Machine Learning Methods for Reservoir Outflow Forecasting
Authors: Soria-Lopez Anton , Sobrido-Pouso Carlos , Mejuto Juan C. , Astray Gonzalo
Published: September 2023

Reservoirs play an important function in human society due to their ability to hold and regulate the flow. This will play a key role in the future decades due to climate change. Therefore, having reliable predictions of the outflow from a reservoir is necessary for early warning systems and adequate water management. In this sense, this study uses three approaches machine learning (ML)-based techniques—Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN)—to predict outflow one day ahead of eight different dams belonging to the Miño-Sil Hydrographic Confederation (Galicia, Spain), using three input variables of the current day. Mostly, the results obtained showed that the suggested models work correctly in predicting reservoir outflow in normal conditions. Among the different ML approaches analyzed, ANN was the most appropriate technique since it was the one that provided the best model in five reservoirs.
Recording Rainfall Intensity: Has an Optimum Method Been Found?
Authors: Dunkerley David
Published: September 2023

Many design principles for rain gauges that have the capacity to record rainfall intensity have been proposed or developed. These are here grouped into 15 categories, and the abilities and limitations of each are discussed. No standard or optimum method has emerged, despite more than 80 years of effort in the last two centuries, together with prior work from the 17th C onwards. Indeed, new methods continue to be explored for both point-based and area-wide collections of intensity data. Examples include the use of signal attenuation by rain along the tower-to-tower links of cellular phone networks, monitoring the speed of vehicle windscreen wipers, and exploiting the sound or vision from security and traffic-monitoring cameras. Many of these approaches have the potential to provide vastly more observation sites than conventional meteorological stations equipped with rain gauges. Some of these contemporary approaches seek to harness the potential of crowdsourced or citizen-science data. It is hoped that the present overview of methods will provide a guide for those wishing to collect or analyses rainfall intensity data for application in areas such as soil erosion processes, ecohydrology, agrochemical washoff, or urban flash flooding. Because rainfall intensity is one of the key aspects of the hydrologic cycle likely to respond as climate change and variability proceed, the choice of appropriate data collection methods has additional contemporary importance for the monitoring of regional and global precipitation changes.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Bazarzhapov Tcogto Zh. , Shiretorova Valentina G. , Radnaeva Larisa D. , Nikitina Elena P. , Bazarsadueva Selmeg V. , Shirapova Galina S. , Dong Suocheng , Li Zehong , Liu Shiqi , Wang Ping
Published: September 2023

Fresh water scarcity is considered a significant component, and potentially one of the most critical, of global climate change. With the rapid development of industry, there is an increasing risk of freshwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs). The danger of HM pollution is also attributed to their accumulation, which can subsequently become a source of secondary pollution in aquatic environments. In the Lake Gusinoe basin, located in Russia, concentrations of HMs were measured in both water and bottom sediments within the lake area, as well as in inflowing and outflowing watercourses. Ecological risk indices were also calculated for the Gusinoe basin. Our results showed that the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the water did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set by Russian national standards and WHO standards, while the concentrations of Mn and Cu exceeded the corresponding MACs during winter, spring, and autumn possibly due to decomposition of aquatic vegetation and influx from groundwater sources. The average concentrations of the investigated HMs in the BSs did not exceed the background values. The water hazard index indicated a low risk for all samples in the lake water area. For all BS samples, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated low pollution levels, while the values of the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Contamination Factor (CF) indicated moderate pollution in the central part of the lake. The Ecological Risk Factor (Er) for Cu in BSs at points near major settlements and in the Tel River indicated moderate pollution. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) in all investigated BS samples indicated a low risk of contamination.
Characterization of a Thermophilic and Inhibitor-Tolerant GH1 β-Glucosidase Present in a Hot Spring
Authors: Huang Yu-Ying , Wu Pei , Wu Xing-Ci , Zhu Qian-Ru , Zhu Qian , Zheng Hong-Zhao , Zhu Dan , Lv Zhi-Hua , Yin Yi-Rui
Published: September 2023

β-glucosidase is a key enzyme in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, which is responsible for the conversion of oligosaccharides from cellulose hydrolysates to glucose. However, its required high temperatures and the presence of inhibitors have limited its use in industry. In this study, a new β-glucosidase gene, named thbg2, was obtained from the metagenome Ruidian Hot Spring, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The gene was synthesized, cloned, heterologously expressed, and enzymatically characterized. Its optimum temperature and pH were 60 °C and pH 5.6, respectively. ThBg2 exhibited more than 60% relative activity in temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C and across a pH of 4.0–6.6. It maintained 100% relative activity after incubation at either 50 °C for 24 h or 60 °C for 12 h and more than 80% residual activity after incubation at pH 4.0–6.0 for 24 h. Moreover, it maintained more than 80% relative activity in the presence of heavy metal ions, ethanol, SDS etc. Furthermore, glucose yields from corn stalks increased by 20% after ThBg2 (0.05 mg/mL) was added to the commercial cellulase reaction system. Overall, this work identified a thermophilic and inhibitor-tolerant β-glucosidase with potential applications in commercial lignocellulose utilization and the bioenergy industry.
Şâfiî’nin Haber-i Vâhid Konusunda Buhârî’ye Etkisi
Authors: KORUCU GÜVEN Sema
Published: September 2023

Haber-i vâhid, hicrî ilk asırlarda bir veya birkaç kişinin haberi manasında kullanılmaktaydı. Ayrıca haber-i vâhid konusu itikadî fikir ayrılıklarının etkisi ile gündemde kalan tartışmalardan biri olmuştur. Hicrî üçüncü asra kadar telif edilen hadis kitapları içerisinde sadece Buhârî, haber-i vâhidleri el-Câmiu’s-sahîh’te “Kitâbü Ahbâri’l-âhâd” adı ile müstakil bir bölümde işlemiştir. Bu mevzuyu eserinde müstakil bir bölüm altında işlemesi Buhârî’nin fıkhî kimliği ile yorumlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte Buhârî’nin eserine bu konuyu alması, onun kendinden önceki telifattan etkilendiği şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Nitekim Şâfiî’nin bu konuda Buhârî’ye kaynaklık ettiği şârihlerce dile getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Buhârî’ye kaynaklık etmesi bakımından Şâfiî’nin haber-i vâhid konusundaki görüşleri incelenmiştir. Konu hakkındaki araştırma Buhârî’nin el-Câmiu’s-Sahîh adlı eseri ile Şâfiî’nin el-Ümm ve er-Risâle adlı eserleri esas alınarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Böylece iki müellifin bahsi geçen eserlerinin mukayesesi neticesinde haber-i vâhid konusunda Şâfiî’nin Buhârî’ye kaynaklık edip etmediğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma her bir müellifin kullandığı örneklerden hareket ederek amacını gerçekleştirmeye çalışmıştır. Dolayısı ile bu çalışmada tümevarım metodu kullanılmıştır.
Utilization of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications among geriatric patients with neurosurgical diseases
Authors: Al-Mirza Abdulrahman , Al-Taei Omar , Al-Saadi Hatem , Al-Saadi Tariq
Published: September 2023

Aim: To study the utilization patterns of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications among geriatric patients with neurosurgical conditions in the neurosurgical department at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Introduction: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet presumption is a worry in neurosurgical patients, that suggests a subtle balance between the risk of thromboembolism against the risk of peri- and postoperative haemorrhage. Patients taking those medications were found to have an increased risk of bleeding from traumatic and traumatic events.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of geriatric cases admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Khoula Hospital (KH) as an example of a neurosurgical center in Sultanate of Oman, from January 2016 to 31st December 2019. Patients demographics, diagnosis, length of hospital stay (LOS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), length of ICU admission, and treatment proposed were recorded.

Results: The most common diagnostic category was trauma (35.4%). 16.0 % of the patients were taking anticoagulant medications. Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were found to have a higher rate of using anticoagulant medications (36.6%). There was a significant difference between the LOS, type of intervention, ICU admission, and the usage of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs (p<0.05). Enoxaparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant agent. 19.6 % of the patients were taking antiplatelet medications. This study was showed that aspirin is the most commonly used antiplatelet agent among different neurosurgical pathologies.

Conclusion: Patients with TBI were found to have a higher rate of using anticoagulant medications.  Decisions regarding prescription and resumption of anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications should be taken on a case-by-case basis involves multidisciplinary and holistic approaches.
Lumbar disc herniation presenting with contralateral neuropathy
Authors: Balasa D. , Popescu C.
Published: September 2023

We admitted a unique case of right lumbar disc herniation at L4L5 who presented with contralateral symptoms and was successfully treated with a right large L4/L5 fenestration and microdiscectomy.

When the operation is considered, intervention only from the herniation side is sufficient.

In the case presented, it is probable that Kernohan notch?like phenomenon, venous engorgement and congestion at the contralateral side of the herniated lumbar disc and the contralateral migrated epidural fat are responsible for the emergence of contralateral symptoms.
Practical concepts in the identification of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Diaz-Arroyo Carlos David , Diaz-Arroyo Alex Enrique , Carrero-Barragán Tania Yartiza , Gamboa-Perdomo Maria Camila , Boada-Garnica Julio Andrés , Correa-Molina Andrés , Trigos-García Johan Abulgahamid , Dominguez-Alvarado Gonzalo , Ortega-Sierra Michael Gregorio , Bolaño-Romero Maria Paz , Pacheco-Hernandez Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Bilateral chronic subdural hematoma is a neurosurgical pathology whose incidence in older adults has been increasing, as a consequence of the ageing of the population, added to the factors that are linked to it. Neurosurgical diseases with chronic evolution generate a high burden of disease due to morbidity, disability, mortality and health costs associated with reinterventions and rehabilitation. For this reason, the interest in this disease has been increasing, also justified by the little information there is about it, unlike unilateral chronic subdural hematomas, although it has been described that both may have pathophysiological similarities that help to understand them.
Efficiency of 3d simulation models in emergency microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Chiriac A. , Dobrin N. , Ion Georgiana , Iencean A. , Poeata I.
Published: September 2023

The latest developments in three-dimensional printing technology both in terms of equipment and materials offer a new opportunity in the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 3D printed model of the patient’s aneurysms enables optimal anatomical visualization with personalized preoperative planning. This is a retrospective study of a series of 16 patients suffering from ruptured intracranial aneurysms, admitted and microsurgical treated based on rapid 3D printed models to our clinic from September 2016 to March 2018. We analyzed the dates concerning patient demographics, clinical, surgical technique and outcomes correlated with the data of the 3D-printed replica used for planning emergency surgeries.
Brain abscess – a still high mortality medical condition
Authors: Popescu George , Zaharia Marius C. , Georghiu Ana-Maria , David Bogdan-Ionuț , Ioniță Ana-Maria , Vijlanescu Cezar , Gorgan Radu M.
Published: September 2023

Background. Even in the 21st century, infections of the central nervous system and their secondary damage still represents a high mortality condition. Furthermore, brain abscesses (BA) are huge public health issues due to their high mortality and morbidity with high financial implications for the health care system.

Material and methods. In this article, we want to present our clinic`s experience in the management of brain abscesses between 2012 and 2021. A 10 years retrospective study was performed in the 4th Neurosurgery Department of “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital in Bucharest

Results. In the last 10 years, our clinic admitted 46 patients, 10 women and 36 men. The mean age was 47 years old. The most common symptom was headache (42 cases). In 39 cases, patients had solitary abscesses while seven patients presented multiple abscesses. The therapeutic approach was classic surgery in 37 cases. In four cases abscess drainage was performed and in five cases conservative treatment was used. At discharge, 31 patients were healed and seven patients died.

Discussions. In BA management, antimicrobial therapy is crucial. Thus, identifying the pathogen is crucial for accurate antimicrobial treatment. Unfortunately, in too many cases, the agent remains unknown and empiric treatment is required. Aspiration of the abscesses proved to be safe and with similar results compared to classic surgery.

Conclusions. Brain abscesses remain a high challenge to manage even in the 21st century. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment should be applied as soon as possible until the pathogen is identified and specific treatment will be used.
Black cumin 0.3 gram and 0.4 gram on apoptotic levels in Cerebral Contusions Rattus Norvegicus Wistar
Authors: Nazwar Tommy Alfandy , Balafif Farhad , Wardhana Donny Wisnu , Annas Muhammad , Anab Agus Chairul , Istiadjid E.S. M.
Published: September 2023

Background. Apoptosis is one of the indicators to check for following brain damage. Along with this trend, treatment in the form of herbal and phytopharmaca therapy is required more frequently to treat brain injury complications. Black cumin possesses a function that opposes the apoptotic mechanism.

Objectives. This study sought to determine the effect of black seed on an animal model of brain damage using apoptotic measures.

Methods. Four treatment groups were created from the experimental animals as follows: Group BC1: For 7 days following the brain contusion, they were given [0.3 gram] g/kg bw of black cumin extract daily. Group BC2: For 7 days following the brain contusion, they were given [0.4 gram] g/kg bw of black cumin extract daily. Following the brain contusion, Group K received 3 ml of Nacl 0.9% daily for 7 days. The TUNEL DNA fragmentation method was used to count the amount of apoptotic cells and analysis was conducted using ANOVA with F-test and Tukey HSD.

Results. The control group had the greatest amount of apoptosis at 30.4. Apoptosis averages for BC1 (0.3 g), and BC2 (0.4 g) groups of rats were 25.0, and 18.8, respectively. Black cumin anova test with apoptosis was present while a higher dose of black cumin will minimize the amount of apoptosis.

Conclusions. Injecting black cumin extracts into rats with head injuries reduced apoptosis, albeit not significantly. In rats with experimental head injuries, black cumin extract induces a connection through the apoptosis mechanism.
Conservative management of intraventricular migrating intracranial bullet
Authors: Saheb Amjed Hassan , Al-Taie Rania H. , Farooq Ibrahim A. , Taha Abbas Musaab , Naser Hawraa Sadeq , Yaseen Zahraa Mohammed , Ismail Mustafa , Hoz Samer S.
Published: September 2023

Background. The high mortality rate of a cranial bullet injury, the catastrophic damage of vital tissue, and the frequency of gunshot accidents made managing such cases highly effortful in neurosurgical trauma centres. One category of these injuries is the gravitational bullet injury, in which the bullet's movement depends on gravity after losing its kinetic energy. This paper aims to describe the conservative treatment plan we applied for a patient who suffered an intracranial gravitational bullet injury.
Case description. The patient presented with a cranial bullet injury that migrated caudally to his lateral ventricle. This unapproachable location of the bullet made the surgical intervention undoable. Therefore, after the implication of resuscitative management, the patient went under heavy observation with a suitable follow-up plan. The patient's short-term outcome was excellent, and his Glasgow coma scale was 15 at the discharge.
Conclusion. Conservative management in a gravitational bullet is one of the possible methods to reach the best outcome in non-operable patients. Such measures are highlighted in this case, even when a complication like a bullet migration may occur.
Wandering intracranial bullet
Authors: Sharma Anand , Shukla A. , Sharma Avinash
Published: September 2023

Multidirectional migration of bullets has been reported infrequently in the literature. The Surgical retrieval of an intracranial migrating bullet is suggested because of its capacity to produce an additional neurological deficit. Intraoperative image guidance using the C arm is indicated in all intracranial migrating metallic foreign bodies following gunshot injury. A rare case of migrating bullet fragment in its trajectory with the migration of metallic fragment in both cerebral hemispheres is reported, and relevant literature is reviewed.
Common peroneal neuroma in continuity with complete foot drop secondary to a bullet fragment injury
Authors: Khaliq Adnan , Khizar Ahtesham
Published: September 2023

Background. Common peroneal nerve (CPN) injuries are generally common but they are uncommon due to gunshot injuries and are associated with poor motor outcomes. Managing neuroma-in-continuity is still challenging because there are currently no accepted standards for deciding on the most effective course of treatment or estimating the time needed for repair. Treatment options for a neuroma-in-continuity include neurolysis, neuroma resection with interposition, end-to-side nerve grafting, and bypass grafting.
Case presentation. A 40-year-old man presented with findings of complete right foot drop due to an 8-month-old firearm injury to his right distal thigh. Following baseline investigations, imaging, and anaesthesia fitness, he underwent surgical exploration under general anaesthesia. A neuroma-in-continuity was found in the CPN, resected, and an end-to-end nerve repair was performed. Along with the neuroma-in-continuity, a bullet fragment was also removed. The neurological status remained unchanged postoperatively.
Conclusion. Regardless of the cause of the lesion, patients should be urged to seek surgical therapy if there is no spontaneous recovery within four months after the CPN injury. Sharp injuries and knee dislocations have a better chance of recovery than crush injuries and gunshot wounds.
Spontaneous complete resolution of a giant cavernous carotid aneurysm in the setting of ipsilateral ICA occlusion
Authors: Talib Sura H. , Sharma Mayur , Ramanathan Vishan P. , Alfawares Yara , Almufadhal Muntadher H. , Ismail Mustafa , Hoz Samer S.
Published: September 2023

Background. Cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCA) are rare aneurysms with a relatively benign natural history. The association between CCA aneurysm and ipsilateral Internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis or occlusion has not been described previously. The management of patients with these dual lesions is a challenging problem.
Case description. In this report, we describe an 18-year-old man who presented with left abducent nerve palsy of 3 weeks duration, and imaging revealed left CCA with left ICA occlusion. The patient was managed conservatively with clinical and imaging follow-up. The patient recovered well with complete resolution of clinical symptoms and disappearance of left CCA.
Conclusions. The association of giant CCA and ICA occlusion on the same side is a rare phenomenon with no current consensus on the appropriate follow-up and management strategy. In this report, we described the first case of spontaneous complete disappearance of a giant CCA in the setting of ipsilateral ICA occlusion with complete resolution of symptoms at nine months of follow-up.
Similarities and differences between two coincidently gravitational bullet cases
Authors: Dolachee Ali , Algburi Hagar , Alsaad Salima , Ismail Mustafa , Hoz Samer
Published: September 2023

Many cases of gravitational bullets are reported in developed and non-developed countries. However, few papers highlighted these cases in the literature. In our study, we present two cases of gravitational bullets that have an unusual coincidence in the injury characteristics through their ages, and gender, the site of the inlet.
Role of extent of resection on the survival of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Chaulagain Dipak , Smolanka Volodymyr , Smolanka Andriy , Havryliv Taras
Published: September 2023

Background. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of brain cancer. The effect of Extent of Resection (EOR) on GBM survival is controversial. EOR degree, pre- and postoperative tumour volume estimation, and significance to residual tumour volume are still challenged. GBM has a 14-month Overall Survival (OS) rate. There is no evidence of a link between EOR and OS survival. We wish to determine whether GBM tumour removal increases survival.
Methods. At the Regional Center for Neurosurgery and Neurology in Uzhhorod, Ukraine, we conducted a retrospective evaluation of 86 consecutive patients diagnosed with glioblastoma who underwent surgery between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, and who are being followed until January 1, 2022. Patients were selected if they met the following criteria: they were at least 18 years old, they had a diagnosis of glioblastoma (primary, secondary, or recurrent), they were either IDH mutants or wild types, they had an MRI within 2 weeks before surgery, and they had another MRI within 72 hours after surgery. Before and after surgery, we did a volumetric analysis of gadolinium-enhanced T1 MRI scans of the tumour to figure out EOR. Partial resection (PR) is <70%, sub-total resection (STR) is 70-90%, near-total resection (NTR) is 91-99%, and gross total resection (GTR) is >99%. By comparing pre- and post-operative volumes with the EOR, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox's regression analysis determined the impact of the EOR on survival rates. Many researchers considered a p value of 0.05 or below to be significant.
Results. A total of 86 patients were included in the analysis after being subjected to the criteria used to narrow the pool of potential participants. The average length of time people lived was 15 months. For PR patients, the median survival time was 3 months, for STR patients it was 10 months, and for NTR patients it was 16 months. Patients receiving GTR, on the other hand, had a considerably better outcome, with a median survival time of 36 months. This data demonstrate a direct correlation between EOR and survival rates. It was discovered that EOR improvement affected post-op survival. High EOR patients have a better prognosis for survival. Adjuvant therapy, pre- and post-operative KPS score, pre- and post-operative tumour volume, and gender also contributed significantly to enhanced survival.
Conclusion. Patients with glioblastoma appear to benefit from a more aggressive treatment strategy that combines maximal safe resection with the use of salvage adjuvant therapy. There was a correlation between complete resection (gross total resection) of intracranial GBM and improved survival. Whenever feasible, complete surgical removal of the tumour is recommended.
Factors affecting the experience of joined-up, continuous primary care in the absence of relational continuity: an observational study
Authors: Burch Patrick , Whittaker William , Bower Peter , Checkland Katherine
Published: September 2023

Background

There is an international trend towards the at-scale provision of primary care services, with such services often provided in different settings by a clinician unfamiliar to the patient. It is often assumed that, in the absence of relational continuity, any competent clinician can deliver joined-up, continuous care if they have access to clinical notes.

Aim

To explore the factors that affect the potential for providing joined-up, continuous care in a system where care is delivered away from a patient’s regular practice, by a different organisation and set of staff.

Design and setting

Case studies of two extended-access providers in the north of England.

Method

Case studies were carried out between September 2021 and January 2022 in two sites. Data collected included observations of patient–healthcare professional interactions, interviews with staff and patients, and documentation. Analysis took place using a constant comparison approach. Data were coded. A model of the factors affecting continuity was constructed.

Results

The potential for joined-up, continuous care appears dependent on staff, patient, and system factors. This includes diverse elements such as the attitude of clinicians to care coordination and the ability of an organisation to retain staff.

Conclusion

Healthcare systems increasingly rely on the assumption that any competent clinician can deliver joined-up, continuous care if they have access to clinical notes. This appears not to be the case. This study presents a model of factors affecting the patient’s experience of continuity. The model needs validating in in-hours general practice and other settings.
Ecologization of education in the innovative space of higher education
Authors: Sovhira Svitlana , Dushechkina Nataliia , Balokha Alona , Borysenko Nataliia , Ieresko Oleg
Published: September 2023

The new content of the ecologization of education is considered, the goal is formulated and the possibilities of ecologization of education in the innovative space of higher education are shown. Definitions are interpreted: ecologization, ecologization of education in the innovative space of higher education; the main goals of ecologization of education and the main components and most important tasks of ecologization of education in the innovative space of higher education are highlighted (formation of ecological culture for all segments of the population; training of ecological specialists for the educational field and various branches of the national economy; in the field of ecological studies: improvement, standardization, harmonization of terminology. Three main types of spiritual values were identified. The main principles of ecologization of education in the innovative space of higher education and two interrelated components (promotional, content-informational) are singled out. The relevance of educational, cultural, and educational functions of ecologically oriented blogging is emphasized and the effectiveness of using project technologies in the formation of the ecological worldview of a higher education student, which contributes to the realization of the comprehensive development of the individual as a person and the highest value of society, is shown.
Foreign state immunity in the context of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine
Authors: Bilousov Yevhen , Yakoviyk Ivan , Kosinova Daryna , Asirian Syuzanna , Zhukov Ihor
Published: September 2023

The article aimed to find ways to restrict Russia’s right to State immunity legitimately. However, the study of international legal acts and national legislation of Ukraine using the methods of systematic analysis and formal legal and comparative legal methods proved the difficulty in solving this task. Thus, in Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the latter is not obliged to comply with the doctrine of State immunity to Russia. This is due to economic and social expediency, the principle of mirroring international relations, and the inevitability of punishment for war crimes against another State and for violating international criminal law. Therefore, the article proposes legitimate restriction of Russia’s State immunity for Ukraine and third countries. For Ukraine, the solution to this problem lies in the legislative consolidation of a direct exception to the doctrine of State immunity to any aggressor state, including Russia. For any third country, the solution to this problem is either changing national legislation or concluding bilateral agreements with Ukraine. This will allow for recovery of damages at the expense of property in third countries and owned by Russia itself, its authorities and officials, or legal entities and individuals recognised as involved in the war against Ukraine.
Pension provision in Ukraine: current problems and the experience of some EU States
Authors: Sokurenko Olena , Bulkat Maryna , Rakul Oksana , Strunevych Oleksandra , Petrov Serhii
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems faced by the pension system of Ukraine and to study the European experience to overcome them. Research results. The levels of pension provision in Ukraine were determined. The analysis of the current state of pension provision was carried out, and the primary problems affecting it were identified. Draft laws on the introduction of accumulative pension provision were considered, which should solve the issue of the deficit of the Pension Fund budget. Practical meaning. The positive experience of the implementation of pension reforms in some European countries, their stages and features were studied. Value/originality. The ways to overcome certain problems related to the introduction of accumulative pension provision in our country were proposed.
METHOD OF ALGEBRAIC SYNTHESIS OF ORTHOGONAL BINARY SEQUENCES FOR DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS WITH CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
Authors: Зеленевский В.В. , Зеленевский Ю.В. , Попов А.В. , Наконечный А.Б.
Published: September 2023

Разработан метод алгебраического синтеза ортогональных двоичных последовательностей на основе двоичных помехоустойчивых кодов с улучшенными автокорреляционными свойствами и представлена его реализация с параллельным запуском генератора (формирователя) для повышения быстродействия.

A method of algebraic synthesis of orthogonal binary sequences based on binary noise-resistant codes with improved autocorrelation properties and its implementation with the parallel start-up of a generator (shaper) to increase performance has been developed.
GENERATION OF PSEUDO-RANDOM BIT SEQUENCES USING EQUATIONS OF DYNAMIC CHAOS THEORY USING THE LORENTZ ATTRACTOR AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Лемешко Н.В. , Захарова С.С.
Published: September 2023

Предложен подход к формированию псевдослучайных битовых последовательностей на основе уравнения, в котором был обнаружен аттрактор Лоренца. Рассмотрены основные свойства соответствующей системы дифференциальных уравнений, решение которой даёт три функции шумового характера. На основе этого могут быть сформированы псевдошумовые сигналы, которые можно использовать для генерации ПСП. Для этого предложен специальный алгоритм.

The article proposes an approach to the formation of pseudo-random bit sequences (RBS) based on the equation in which the Lorentz attractor was discovered. The main properties of the corresponding system of differential equations are considered, the solution of which gives three noise functions. Based on this, pseudo noise signals can be generated, which can be used to generate the RBS. A special algorithm is proposed for this.
Peran Kelembagaan Petani Dalam Pengembangan Usahatani Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) Di Desa Kendenan Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang
Authors: Khaerah Ummul , Nurdin Nurdin , Akbar Akbar
Published: September 2023

The research aims to determine the existing institutions and the institutional role of farmers in the development of Arabica coffee farming. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique. The samples obtained were 14 people. The data analysis used is a qualitative data analysis method. The results showed that there were 3 farmer institutions including: Farmer Groups, Association of Farmer Groups (Gapoktan), Women Farmer Groups (KWT). The institutional role of farmers is the role of farmer groups, namely as a learning unit, as a cooperation unit, and as a production unit. Gapoktan's role is to provide capital and collectively market the results. The role of farmer women's groups, namely, as a unit of cooperation, as a learning unit and as a production unit.
Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Kopi Arabika di Desa Kendenan Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang
Authors: Wijaya Adi Candra , Mardiyati Sri , Saleh Muh. Ikmal
Published: September 2023

The population in this study were 120 people and 25% of the sample was taken. Determination of the sample using simple random sampling technique. The samples obtained were 30 respondents. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of farm income and food expenditure analysis. The results showed that the total food and non-food expenditure of Arabica coffee farmers in Kendenan Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency was Rp. 5,461,733.00 per year for food expenditure and for food expenditure per month was Rp. 455,144.42. Meanwhile, non-food expenditure is IDR 5,020,100.00 per year and IDR 418,341.67 per month. The food security level of farmer households is categorized as food secure by 60% of farmers and those who are food insecure are 40% of farmers. Arabica coffee farmers in Kendenan Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency have a level of food security category.
The Influences of ChatGPT on Undergraduate Students’ Perceived and Demonstrated Interdisciplinary Learning
Authors: Zhong Tianlong , Zhu Gaoxia , Hou Chenyu , Wang Yuhan , Fan Xiuyi
Published: September 2023

The significance of interdisciplinary learning has been well recognized in higher education institutions. However, when teaching interdisciplinary learning to junior undergraduate students, their limited disciplinary knowledge can hinder their learning performance. The extensive information of ChatGPT and its ability to engage in human-like conversations hold promise in enriching undergraduate students with the disciplinary knowledge they lack. In this exploratory study, we engaged 130 undergraduate students to examine how ChatGPT influences their demonstrated interdisciplinary quality and perceived interdisciplinary problem-solving with a three-condition quasi-experiment. Our results show that students under the ChatGPT condition demonstrated improved disciplinary grounding, suggesting ChatGPT’s ability to enhance students’ disciplinary knowledge. However, under all conditions, students showed weak performance in knowledge integration, indicating ChatGPT’s limited use in facilitating certain aspects of interdisciplinary learning. These findings underscore the significance of fostering students' integration skills and highlight the need for further research to explore the specific conditions and aspects in which ChatGPT can contribute to learning.
A Scientific View on Grades in Educational institutions
Authors: Mittal Aniket
Published: September 2023

Up to 44% of college students reported having depression and anxiety due to school (Druckenmiller 1). While this is alarming, it conveys a need for drastic changes in the education system, specifically grades. Grades are a source of anxiety for students since poor performance may induce rejections from universities, medical schools and jobs. Concurrently, with greater divisions in the current A-F system, students face parental and peer pressure while burdened with their own expectations furthering the strain on mental health from above (Lam 3-5). Thus, the current A-F grading system is unsustainable since it catalyzes mental health issues, marginalizes those with a lower socioeconomic status and fluctuates with uncontrollable situations such as the loss of a loved one or isolation during COVID-19. While there are many alternatives, the pass/fail system is recommended which reduces competition and decreases anxiety in students. As mental health becomes a prevalent issue in society after the pandemic, it’s worth examining a significant cause that spurs mental health issues during youth and discuss its solutions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPLETE SYSTEMATIC LAND REGISTRATION POLICY BASED ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN BALANGAN REGENCY
Authors: Didik Prasetyo Widiyanto  , Muslih Amberi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the implementation of a complete systematic land registration policy based on community participation (PTSL-PM) in Balangan District, South Kalimantan Province. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, while data collection techniques are through interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis technique used is the model from Mazmanian and Sabatier. Meanwhile, the extent to which the Balangan district community is involved in supporting PTSL-PM activities is analyzed using Arnstein's concept of the eight steps of community participation. The results of the study show that the influential variables according to this theory have indirectly been identified, analyzed and searched for a solution strategy in its implementation so that PTSL-PM activities in Balangan district can meet the number of predetermined physical and financial completion targets. In addition, the involvement and participation of the Balangan Regency community members which is one of the advantages of PTSL-PM activities in Balangan Regency is in degrees of tokenism and is included in the fifth Placation ladder. In this position the expected form of community participation still requires intensive assistance from the Balangan District Land Office Team.

Keywords: Policy Implementation, Community Participation, Land Registration, PTSL-PM
A Review on Large Language Models: Architectures, Applications, Taxonomies, Open Issues and Challenges
Authors: Raiaan Mohaimenul Azam Khan , Mukta Md Saddam Hossain , Fatema Kaniz , Fahad Nur Mohammad , Sakib Sadman , Mim Most. Marufatul Jannat , Ahmad Jubaer , Ali Mohammed Eunus , Azam Sami
Published: September 2023

Large Language Models (LLMs) recently demonstrated extraordinary capability, including natural language processing (NLP), language translation, text generation, question answering, etc. Moreover, LLMs are a new and essential part of computerized language processing, having the ability to understand complex verbal patterns and generate coherent and appropriate replies for the situation. Though this success of LLMs has prompted a substantial increase in research contributions, rapid growth has made it difficult to understand the overall impact of these improvements. Since a lot of new research on LLMs is coming out quickly, it is getting tough to get an overview of all of them in a short note. Consequently, the research community would benefit from a short but thorough review of the recent changes in this area. This article thoroughly overviews LLMs, including their history, architectures, transformers, resources, training methods, applications, impacts, challenges, etc. This paper begins by discussing the fundamental concepts of LLMs with its traditional pipeline of the LLM training phase. It then provides an overview of the existing works, the history of LLMs, their evolution over time, the architecture of transformers in LLMs, the different resources of LLMs, and the different training methods that have been used to train them. It also demonstrated the datasets utilized in the studies. After that, the paper discusses the wide range of applications of LLMs, including biomedical and healthcare, education, social, business, and agriculture. It also illustrates how LLMs create an impact on society and shape the future of AI and how they can be used to solve real-world problems. Then it also explores open issues and challenges to deploying LLMs in real-world aspects, including ethical issues, model biases, computing resources, interoperability, contextual constraints, privacy, security, etc. It also discusses methods to improve the robustness and controllability of LLMs. Finally, the study analyses the future of LLM research and issues that need to be overcome to make LLMs more impactful and reliable. However, this review paper aims to help practitioners, researchers, and experts thoroughly understand the evolution of LLMs, pre-trained architectures, applications, challenges, and future goals. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for future development and application of LLM in numerous practical domains.
FedERA: Framework for Federated Learning with Diversified Edge Resource Allocation
Authors: Borthakur Anupam , Manna Asim , Kasliwal Aditya , Dewan Dipayan , Sheet Debdoot
Published: September 2023

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) approach that allows multiple devices to train a model while keeping training data private on edge devices. However, existing FL libraries are incapable of: (i) supporting a wide range of existing FL algorithms, (ii) handling diverse public as well as custom datasets, (ii) discarding unreliable updates from malicious edge devices, and (iv) facilitating edge-device training. With the rapid progression in AI, there is an increment in the computation power while training the models on edge devices which results in more carbon emission (CE). However, in the existing FL frameworks, there is no module for estimating CE. In this paper, we present \textbf{FedERA}, a modular and fully customizable open-source FL framework aiming to address these issues especially also by offering extensive support on heterogeneous edge devices and by incorporating both standalone and distributed training approaches. The integration of new software modules unforeseen in existing FL frameworks not only amplifies the scope of its usability but also fosters environment-friendly FL. We believe that FedERA will be a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners working in FL. Source codes of this library along with documentation and tutorials are available at: https://github.com/anupamkliv/FedERA.
PERBANDINGAN METODE SIMPLE QUEUES DAN QUEUES TREE UNTUK OPTIMASI MANAJEMEN BANDWIDTH JARINGAN KOMPUTER DI STMIK PPKIA PRADNYA PARAMITA MALANG
Authors: Syaifuddin Aris , Yunus Mahmud , Sundari Retno
Published: September 2023

This research resulted in a comparison between the Simple Queues method and Queues Tree using Mikrotik router that takes a case study in STMIK PPKIA PRADNYA PARAMITA MALANG has been tested to determine which method is the most optimal deal of bandwidth sharing on computer networks. After finding out where the most optimal method will be applied in STMIK PPKIA PRADNYA PARAMITA MALANG to maximize network performance and bandwidth sharing in place, the results of the study lead to the conclusion that it is the Simple Queues more optimal than the Queues Tree.The Internet use in massive resulting in reduced network performance with increasing network users. Way that can be taken to reduce the decrease in network performance is to perform bandwidth management. Bandwidth management is very important in setting the bandwidth allocation will be given to the user to avoid the seizure of bandwidth allocation on the network.The research method used is the Simple Queues and Queues Tree method. Both of these methods will be made to determine the results of a comparison with one of the methods Simple Queues and Queues Tree is quite optimal. Key words: Mikrotik, Simple Queues, Queues Tree, Bandwidth