bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of and Recommendations for Growth References for Very Low Birth Weight (≤1500 Grams) Infants in the United States
Authors: Sherry Bettylou , Mei Zuguo , Grummer-Strawn Laurence , Dietz William H.
Published: July 2011

Objective. To determine the best available growth reference for evaluating the growth status of very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1500 g) infants in the United States.

Methods. We evaluated currently available growth references for VLBW infants in studies by Casey (Infant Health and Development Program [IHDP]), Brandt, Gairdner and Pearson, and Babson and Benda. We selected the 1 that best met a priori criteria and compared it with the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. We evaluated the performance of both the selected VLBW reference and the CDC growth charts for use with VLBW infants by plotting data from 2 external data sets of VLBW infants (from Child Health and Development Studies [CHDS]) and linked the CDC’s Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System/Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System Data (PNSS/PedNSS) on both references. Age was adjusted for gestational age in all of the VLBW data set comparisons.

Results. The IHDP reference met the greatest number of our evaluation criteria. The IHDP charts are the most recent, are based on a relatively large sample of VLBW infants in the United States, and are adjusted for gestational age at birth (using the standard of birth at 40 weeks) to account for prematurity. The IHDP VLBW infants, based on corrected postnatal age, compared with the non-VLBW infants included in the new CDC growth charts showed more rapid growth in length-for-age from birth (40 weeks) to 24 months, were nearly equivalent in weight-for-age at birth (40 weeks), yet demonstrated less rapid growth in weight-for-age from 40 weeks to 24 months. The performance evaluation of the IHDP and CDC growth reference based on the 2 external VLBW data sets (CHDS and PNSS/PedNSS) showed that the IHDP charts more closely matched the external data sets in relative position on the graphs and growth patterns for length-for-age, but the CDC growth charts more closely matched the external data sets in the growth pattern for weight-for-length. In weight-for-age, because of the lack of stability in the pattern, we could not determine which reference the external data growth pattern more closely matched.

Conclusions. Our evaluation of growth references for VLBW infants yielded no clear, simple recommendation. The inconsistencies in the discrepancies across anthropometric indices between the 2 external combined VLBW data sets (CHDS and PNSS/PedNSS) and the IHDP reference and the CDC growth charts make it difficult to recommend 1 reference. Therefore, we recommend using either the IHDP reference or the CDC growth charts to evaluate the growth of VLBW infants. The choice of which to use depends on its purpose. The IHDP reference is the best available reference for comparisons of the growth of a VLBW infant with those of other VLBW infants. The CDC growth charts allow comparison of the growth of a VLBW infant with that of non-VLBW infants.
Tennyson’s ‘Ulysses’ and the Representation of Basic Emotions
Authors: Benson James Dimon
Published: July 2011

Tennyson took a hint from Odysseus’ last voyage in Dante’s Inferno, and fashioned ‘Ulysses’ as a ‘sequel’ to Homer’s Odyssey. The 70 line poem is divided into four paragraphs of different lengths. In the first paragraph (a single clause, ll. 1-5), Ulysses complains about running his kingdom; in the second (9 clauses, ll. 6-32), he reminisces about his inspiriting past; in the third (3 clauses, ll. 33-43), he commends his kingdom to his son Telemachus; and in the fourth (18 clauses, ll. 44-70), he exhorts his mariners to join him in a last voyage. Tennyson was very clear about what the poem meant, i.e. despite his grief over the death of his friend Arthur Hallam, he was determined to go on rather than give up, but literary critics have been dissatisfied with Tennyson’s interpretation of his own poem. Nevertheless, ‘Ulysses’ is all about emotion, and the representation of Tennyson’s ‘felt experience’ (Downes 2000). A better understanding of Tennyson’s grief comes from Panksepp’s (1997) account of basic emotions in the context of affective neuroscience. That the patterning of experiential and interpersonal meanings in ‘Ulysses’ is congruent with Panksepp’s SEEKING system is strong evidence that Tennyson did in fact represent his felt experience in the poem.
Exploring diachronic register change in reports of armistice 1902–2003
Authors: Scott Claire Emily
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a linguistic perspective on changes in news writing in the context of Australian wartime journalism over a century. It forms part of a larger study that takes reports of the conclusion of war from the Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) as a set of texts of the same register, through which to investigate change in the meanings and context of news reporting. Reports of the ends of seven wars (or the end of a phase of war) in which Australia has been involved from 1902 to 2003 were analysed linguistically using the framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) (see e.g. Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004). In SFL, the configuration of conditions that motivate a writer’s selection of meanings ? the context of situation ? is viewed as a set of parameters: field (the kind of social interaction that is taking place), tenor (the relationship of the participants in the interaction) and mode (what part the language is playing in the interaction) (Halliday and Hasan, 1985). This paper focuses on the parameter of tenor, particularly social distance and the ‘textual visibility’ of the journalist, by exploring some lexicogrammatical realizations of semantic motifs. These motifs are: the textual identification of the journalist or agencies (realized by bylines), mediation of news information (realized by projection and the thematic status of projected information), semantic intervention in the news process (realized by tense selections that bring all news information in line with the journalist’s frame of temporal reference), and codal sharing (realized by homophoric and deictic reference).
Teaching Chinese as a Second Language in China – The Cases of South Asians and Ethnic Koreans
Authors: Gao Fang , Park Jae , Ki W.W. , Tsung Linda
Published: July 2011

Participation in every aspect of mainstream society requires knowledge of local language. Non-Chinese ethnic groups in Mainland China and Hong Kong face a challenge of predominant Chinese medium of instruction in order to reach a level of Chinese language proficiency. The research is a comparison of Chinese language studies among ethnic Koreans in Mainland China and South Asians in Hong Kong. The comparative analysis goes through three aspects: sociocultural context factors, policies and practices of Chinese language education. Since education never exists in a social vacuum, we highlight the importance of the interplay between the educational policy, practice and wider political, socioeconomic, cultural, and ideological contexts. It is argued that the Hong Kong government and Chinese government have gone to great lengths to accommodate Chinese language, but there is still room to further inclusive educational policies about the acquisition of Chinese language if a world-class multilingualism/multiculturalism is sought.
Metaphor and Gesture by Alan Cienki and Cornelia Muller (eds) (2008)
Authors: Martinec Radan
Published: July 2011

Cienki, A. and C. Muller (eds) (2008) Metaphor and Gesture. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins.
Effects of environmental conditions associated to the cardinal orientation on the reproductive phenology of the cerrado savanna tree Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae)
Authors: Camargo Maria Gabriela G. , Souza Regina M. , Reys Paula , Morellato Leonor P.C.
Published: July 2011

The Brazilian cerrado has undergone an intense process of fragmentation, which leads to an increase in the number of remnants exposed to edge effects and associated changes on environmental conditions that may affect the phenology of plants. This study aimed to verify whether the reproductive phenology of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) differs under different light conditions in a cerrado sensu stricto (a woody savanna) of southeastern Brazil. We compared the reproductive phenology of X. aromatica trees distributed on east and south cardinal faces of the cerrado during monthly observations, from January 2005 to December 2008. The east face had a higher light incidence, higher temperatures and canopy openness in relation to south face. X. aromatica showed seasonal reproduction at both faces of the cerrado, but the percentage of individuals, the synchrony and duration of phenophases were higher at the east face. The study demonstrated the influence of the environmental conditions associated to the cardinal orientation of the cerrado faces on the phenological pattern of X. aromatica. Similar responses may be observed for other species, ultimately affecting patterns of floral visitation and fruit production, which reinforces the importance of considering the cardinal direction in studies of edge effects and fragmentation.
SEM observation of grain boundary structures in quartz-iron oxide rocks deformed at intermediate metamorphic conditions
Authors: Lagoeiro Leonardo , Gonçalves Cristiane C.
Published: July 2011

Several studies have demonstrated the effect of a second phase on the distribution of fluid phase and dissolution of quartz grains. However, as most observations came from aggregates deformed under hydrostatic stress conditions and mica-bearing quartz rocks, 3-D distribution of pores on quartz-quartz (QQB) and quartz-hematite boundaries (QHB) has been studied. Several fracture surfaces oriented according to finite strain ellipsoid were analyzed. The pore distribution characterizes the porosity and grain shape as highly anisotropic, which results from the nature and orientation of boundaries. QHB have physical/chemical properties very different from QQB, once the hematite plates have strong effect on wetting behavior of fluid, likewise micas in quartzites. They are pore-free flat surfaces, normal to compression direction, suggesting that they were once wetted with a continuous fluid film acting as faster diffusion pathway. At QQB, the pores are faceted, isolated, close to its edges reflecting the crystallographic control and an interconnected network of fluid along grain junctions. The QQB facing the extension direction are sites of fluid concentration. As consequence, the anisotropic dissolution and grain growth were responsible for the formation of hematite plates and tabular quartz grains significantly contributing for the generation of the foliation observed in the studied rocks.
Study of the antiproliferative potential of seed extracts from Northeastern Brazilian plants
Authors: Ferreira Paulo Michel P. , Farias Davi F. , Viana Martônio P. , Souza Terezinha M. , Vasconcelos Ilka M. , Soares Bruno M. , Pessoa Cláudia , Costa-Lotufo Letícia V. , Moraes Manoel O. , Carvalho Ana F.U.
Published: July 2011

This study assessed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against tumor lines of ethanolic seed extracts of 21 plant species belonging to different families from Northeastern Brazil. In addition, some underlying mechanisms involved in this cytotoxicity were also investigated. Among the 21 extracts tested, the MTT assay after 72 h of incubation demonstrated that only the ethanolic extract obtained from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds (EEMUS), which has steroids, alkaloids and phenols, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells, being 2-fold more active on leukemia HL-60 line [IC50 value of 12.5 (9.5-16.7) μg/mL] than on glioblastoma SF-295 [IC50 of 25.1 (17.3-36.3) μg/mL] and Sarcoma 180 cells [IC50 of 38.1 (33.5-43.4) μg/mL]. After 72h exposure, flow cytometric and morphological analyses of HL-60-treated cells showed that EEMUS caused decrease in cell number, volume and viability as well as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that the EEMUS triggers apoptotic pathways of cell death.
The role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications
Authors: Souza Bianca Marmontel de , Assmann Taís Silveira , Kliemann Lúcia Maria , Gross Jorge Luiz , Canani Luís Henrique , Crispim Daisy
Published: July 2011

It is well established that genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its chronic complications, and that genetically susceptible subjects can develop the disease after being exposed to environmental risk factors. Therefore, great efforts have been made to identify genes associated with DM2. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is expressed in several tissues, and acts in the protection against oxidative stress; in the negative regulation of insulin secretion by beta cells, and in fatty acid metabolism. All these mechanisms are associated with DM2 pathogenesis and its chronic complications. Therefore, UCP2 is a candidate gene for the development of these disorders. Indeed, several studies have reported that three common polymorphisms in UCP2 gene are possibly associated with DM2 and/or obesity. Only a few studies investigated these polymorphisms in relation to chronic complications of diabetes, with inconclusive results.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: difference between potassium determined by blood gas analysis versus plasma measurement
Authors: Robles Fernando César , Laguna Neto Daniel , Dias Fábio Guirado , Spressão Márcia , Matos Priscila Nascimbeni , Cordeiro José Antônio , Pires Antônio Carlos
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of potassium concentrations measured by blood gas analysis (PBG) compared with laboratory serum potassium (LSP), in the initial care of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty three patients with diabetes mellitus were evaluated in a retrospective analysis. PBG was carried out using the Radiometer ABL 700 (Radiometer Copenhagen®), and results were compared with LSP ADVIA 1650 Chemistry system (Siemens®), the gold standard method. Both methods are based on potentiometry. RESULTS: Mean PBG was 3.66 mmol/L and mean LSP was 4.79 mmol/L. Mean difference between PBG and LSP was -1.13 mmol/L (p < 0.0005, 95% CI, -1.39 to -0,86). Lin concordance correlation coefficient was rc = 0.28 (95% CIb, 0.10 to 0.45), demonstrating low concordance between the methods. CONCLUSION: Although PBG measurement is faster and easier, it should not be used as a surrogate for LSP in the clinical treatment of DKA.
Serum retinol binding protein 4 is not decreased in congenital generalized lipodystrophy: a case series
Authors: Godoy-Matos Amélio F. , Moreira Rodrigo O. , MacDowell Renata , Bendet Izidro
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have suggested that Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RPB4), a protein produced by the adipose tissue, is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare disease characterized by IR and paucity of adipose tissue. Our objective was to determine RBP4 levels in patients with CGL. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six (6) patients with CGL and a healthy control group were selected to participate in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were compared between groups. RESULTS: No difference was observed in RBP4 levels between the two groups (CGL 42.5 [12.5 - 127] vs. control 57.4 [15.9 - 165]; p = 0.78). On the other hand, leptin levels were significantly lower in CGL patients (CGL 0.65 [0.2 - 0.7] vs. control 10.9 [0.9 - 38.6]; p = 0.015). No correlation was found between RBP-4 and waist circunference (r = 0.18, p = 0.57), or BMI (r = 0.24, p = 0.45). CONCLUSION: RBP4 is not decreased in CGL. These results suggest that adipose tissue may not be the main source of RBP4.
Pseudotumor cerebri during Cushing's disease treatment with ketoconazole
Authors: Costenaro Fabiola , Rodrigues Ticiana C. , Ferreira Nelson P. , Costa Tiago G. da , Schuch Tiago , Boschi Vitor , Czepielewski Mauro A.
Published: July 2011

Benign intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumor cerebri) has been described as related to the reduction in steroid levels in Cushing's disease (CD), especially after surgical remission. Ketoconazole is a common and effective adjuvant therapy for hypercortisolism, but the major concern is liver enzyme dysfunction. We describe here the case of a 12-year old girl with CD who developed benign intracranial hypertension during treatment with ketoconazole. She presented headache, vomiting, a black spot on her right temporal visual field, and signs of elevated intracranial pressure. Pituitary image was normal on magnetic resonance image (MRI), and all symptoms improved after treatment with acetazolamide. We call attention to the diagnosis of this disorder in CD patients, especially children on ketoconazole treatment, because it could be confounded with adrenal insufficiency and lead to definitive severe visual impairment.
Cerebrovascular complications of diabetic ketoacidosis in children
Authors: Siqueira Luis Felipe Mendonça de
Published: July 2011

Neurological deterioration in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is commonly caused by cerebral edema. However, subtle cerebral injuries including strokes should also be suspected, since children with hyperglycemia and DKA are prone to thrombosis. In this paper, a case involving a 2 month-old patient that presented cerebral edema and stroke as complications of DKA is reported. In the discussion, the literature on neurological complications of DKA in children is briefly reviewed, emphasizing the prothrombotic tendency of these patients.
Validade do padrão de higiene bucal de crianças aos cinco anos de idade relatado pelas mães
Authors: Cascaes Andreia Morales , Peres Karen Glazer , Peres Marco Aurélio , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Santos Iná , Matijasevich Alicia , Barros Aluísio J D
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar a validade de perguntas freqüentemente utilizadas em estudos epidemiológicos sobre higiene bucal de crianças e compará-la segundo renda familiar e escolaridade da mãe. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 1.122 crianças participantes do subestudo de saúde bucal de 2009 da Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas, RS, 2004. As crianças foram examinadas e suas mães entrevistadas no domicílio. O padrão-ouro da condição de higiene bucal foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado e a partir do seu escore total o desfecho foi dicotomizado em: placa dental ausente (escore total = 0) e presente (escore total ≥ 1). As perguntas testadas sobre o padrão de higiene bucal das crianças foram formuladas às mães e incluíram: freqüência diária de escovação, escovação antes de dormir e a combinação dessas duas (higiene bucal), com suas opções de resposta dicotomizadas em regular e irregular. A validade foi determinada por meio do cálculo dos valores percentuais e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de placa dental foi 37,0%. Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo foram, respectivamente: 29,6%, 82,5%, 49,8% e 66,6%, para freqüência de escovação diária irregular; 41,8%, 64,6%, 40,9% e 65,5%, para escovação antes de dormir irregular; 48,8%, 60,8%, 42,2% e 67,0%, para higiene bucal irregular. A validade do padrão de higiene bucal variou conforme o nível de renda familiar e a escolaridade da mãe, e a sensibilidade e o valor preditivo positivo foram maiores entre os indivíduos com menor renda familiar e com mães menos escolarizadas e o oposto, para a especificidade e o valor preditivo negativo. CONCLUSÕES: Perguntas sobre higiene bucal respondidas pelas mães de crianças não são boas substitutas do padrão real de higiene bucal medido por meio do exame clínico bucal de placa dental.
Infestación por triatominos en comunidades indígenas de Valledupar, Colombia
Authors: Montilla Marleny , Soto Hugo , Parra Edgar , Torres Mariela , Carrillo Pilar , Lugo Ligia , Colorado Johana , Arias Maria Teresa
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: Calcular los índices infestación por triatominos en comunidades indígenas en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio descriptivo en 19 comunidades indígenas del municipio de Valledupar Departamento de Cesar, Colombia. Durante junio a diciembre de 2007 se recolectaron triatominos por búsqueda activa en las viviendas de los indígenas. Los insectos luego fueron identificados por las claves de Lent & Wygodzinsky. Se desarrolló estudio del proceso infectivo en modelo animal y análisis enzimático de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi, detectadas en heces de triatominos. RESULTADOS: Rhodnius prolixus presentó índice de densidad en las viviendas de 154,7%, Triatoma dimidiata de 102,45%, Triatoma maculata de 109,25% y Panstrogylus geniculatus de 0,3%. El índice promedio de infestación de las cuatro especies fue de 40,54% y, el de infección con T. cruzi de 9,4%. De cinco hemocultivos positivos para T. cruzi, tres se caracterizaron por isoenzimas, clasificándose en T. cruzi grupo I. El estudio de las biopsias reveló pocas características patológicas durante el proceso de infección con las cepas de T. cruzi aisladas de triatominos domiciliados. CONCLUSIÓN: Los altos índices de infestación por triatominos en las viviendas y el índice de infección por T. cruzi, evidencian la transmisión activa de la enfermedad de Chagas, situación que amerita la aplicación de medidas de control vectorial y el estudio seroepidemilógico de la población en riesgo. La identificación de las cepas de T. cruzi como grupo I concuerda con otros estudios realizados en esta región colombiana.
Surto familiar de botulismo no estado do Ceará: relato de caso
Authors: Barboza Morgana Maria de Oliveira , Santos Norival Ferreira dos , Sousa Oscarina Viana de
Published: July 2011

Relato de surto familiar de botulismo por intoxicação alimentar, envolvendo um óbito, onde foram encontradas lacunas no preenchimento do prontuário. O objetivo foi descrever a patologia chamando a atenção dos profissionais de saúde para o fornecimento adequado de informações relevantes para a investigação epidemiológica de doenças de notificação compulsória.
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): coexistence and susceptibility to temephos, in municipalities with occurrence of dengue and differentiated characteristics of urbanization
Authors: Prophiro Josiane Somariva , Silva Onilda Santos , Luna Jonny Edward Duque , Piccoli Carla Fernanda , Kanis Luiz Alberto , Silva Mario Antonio Navarro da
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to verify the coexistence between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations in municipalities of the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina with different urbanization profiles where dengue occurs and evaluate their susceptibility to the organophosphate temephos. METHODS: The number of eggs per ovitrap were counted and incubated for hatching to identify the species. Data analysis of the populations was conducted to determine randomness and aggregation, using the variance-to-mean ratio (index of dispersion). Susceptibility to temephos was evaluated by estimation of the resistance ratios RR50 and RR95. Aedes aegypti samples were compared with the population Rockefeller and Aedes albopictus samples were compared with a population from the State of Santa Catarina and with the Rockefeller population. RESULTS: Coexistence between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and the aggregation of their eggs were observed at all the sites analyzed in the State of Paraná. CONCLUSIONS: All the Aedes aegypti populations from the State of Parana showed alteration in susceptibility status to the organophosphate temephos, revealing incipient resistance. Similarly, all the Aedes albopictus populations (States of Paraná and Santa Catarina) presented survival when exposed to the organophosphate temephos.
Community prevalence of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in and around Bangalore, southern India
Authors: Goud Rajendra , Gupta Soham , Neogi Ujjwal , Agarwal Deepali , Naidu Kesava , Chalannavar Raju , Subhaschandra Gaddad
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus is a known colonizer in humans and has been implicated in community acquired soft tissue infections. However emergence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has aroused great concern worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA in the community of Bangalore, southern India. METHODS: Swabs were collected from anterior nares, forearm, dorsum and palm of the hands of 1,000 healthy individuals residing in and around Bangalore, belonging to different socioeconomic strata and age groups. RESULTS: Analysis verified that 22.5% and 16.6% of the individuals presented Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, respectively, at any of the three sites. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 1.4% of the S. aureus isolates, which was confirmed by detection of the vanA gene. It was interesting to note that 58.8% of the children in the age group 1-5 years-old presented MRSA, the highest percentage compared to other age groups of < 1 (44.4%) year-old, 5-20 (21.7%) years-old, > 40 (11%) years-old and 20-40 (9.9%) years-old. Among the population of various socioeconomic strata, maximum MRSA colonization was observed among doctors (22.2%), followed by upper economic class (18.8%), lower economic class (17.7%), apparently healthy hospital in-patients (16.5%), nurses (16%) and middle economic class (12.5%). Most of the MRSA isolates were capsular polysaccharide antigen type 8 (57.1%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of the presence of MRSA in the community and a clearer understanding of the dynamics of the spread of MRSA will assist in controlling its dissemination.
In vitro differential activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases of clinical isolates of Candida
Authors: D'Eça Júnior Aurean , Silva Anderson França , Rosa Fernanda Costa , Monteiro Sílvio Gomes , Figueiredo Patrícia de Maria Silva , Monteiro Cristina de Andrade
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTION: Candida yeasts are commensals; however, if the balance of normal flora is disrupted or the immune defenses are compromised, Candida species can cause disease manifestations. Several attributes contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of Candida, including the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, particularly phospholipase and proteinase. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases in clinical isolates of Candida spp. METHODS: Eighty-two isolates from hospitalized patients collected from various sites of origin were analyzed. Phospholipase production was performed in egg yolk medium and the production of proteinase was verified in a medium containing bovine serum albumin. The study was performed in triplicate. RESULTS: Fifty-six (68.3%) of isolates tested were phospholipase positive and 16 (44.4%) were positive for proteinase activity. C. tropicalis was the species with the highest number of positive isolates for phospholipase (91.7%). Statistically significant differences were observed in relation to production of phospholipases among species (p<0,0001) and among the strains from different sites of origin (p=0.014). Regarding the production of acid protease, the isolates of C. parapsilosis tested presented a larger number of producers (69.2%). Among the species analyzed, the percentage of protease producing isolates did not differ statistically (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901 (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of C. non-albicans and all C. albicans isolates were great producers of hydrolytic enzymes and, consequently, might be able to cause infection under favorable conditions.
Eficiência e efeitos subletais de nim sobre Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Bernardi Daniel , Neto E Silva Oscar Arnaldo Batista , Bernardi Oderlei , Silva Alexandre Da , Cunha Uemerson Silva Da , Garcia Mauro Silveira
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência e os efeitos subletais de um inseticida à base de nim (10 g.L-1 de azadiractina A) sobre a lagarta-enroladeira Bonagota salubricola em laboratório. Nos bioensaios, foi utilizado o produto à base de azadiractina NeemAzal-T/S® nas concentrações de 0,06%; 0,09%; 0,12%; 0,16%; 0,18% e 0,20% do produto comercial (p.c) e uma testemunha (água destilada). A dieta artificial foi cortada em cubos e imersa nas caldas das respectivas concentrações do produto, e, em seguida, lagartas recém-eclodidas foram transferidas para tubos de vidro, contendo os cubos de dieta tratados. Quando a dieta artificial foi tratada com concentração de 0,20% do produto comercial, houve 100% da mortalidade aos 6 dias após a inoculação. Por outro lado, as concentrações de 0,16 e 0,18% prolongaram a fase larval, reduziram a viabilidade de pupas e afetaram negativamente a fecundidade do inseto.
Modo de reprodução e viabilidade de pólen de três espécies de jabuticabeira
Authors: Danner Moeses Andrigo , Citadin Idemir , Sasso Simone Aparecida Zolet , Sachet Marcos Robson , Malagi Gustavo
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o modo de reprodução e as condições para testes de viabilidade in vitro de pólen de três espécies de jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora, P. trunciflora e P. jaboticaba). Avaliaram-se a frutificação efetiva em ramos ensacados e não ensacados, e aspectos da morfologia floral. A viabilidade de pólen foi avaliada em meio de cultura com e sem ácido bórico, com pólen coletado em diferentes períodos após antese. A germinação de pólen de seis genótipos foi quantificada antes e após armazenamento. P. trunciflora e P. jaboticaba são autocompatíveis, porém os polinizadores aumentam a frutificação. A espécie Plinia cauliflora necessita de agentes polinizadores para frutificar, pois apresenta flores com maior distância estigma-anteras que as outras duas espécies, o que impede a autofecundação passiva. A adição de ácido bórico no meio de cultura aumenta a germinação in vitro de pólen de jabuticabeira. A viabilidade do pólen é máxima após seis horas da antese. É possível a conservação do pólen por até 90 dias em congelador (-18ºC), desde que apresente alta germinação inicial (maior que 80%). Esses resultados auxiliam no planejamento de cruzamentos em jabuticabeira.
Genetic dissimilarity among jabuticaba trees native to southwestern Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Danner Moeses Andrigo , Citadin Idemir , Sasso Simone Aparecida Zolet , Scariot Silvia , Benin Giovani
Published: July 2011

Knowledge on the genetic diversity within and between genotype groups is of great importance for breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic dissimilarity among 36 native jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora) from five sites in the southwestern region of Paraná, Brazil. Sixteen fruit traits were analyzed, based on multivariate techniques (canonical variables, Tocher and UPGMA), using Mahalanobis' distance as dissimilarity measure. By the techniques of clustering and graphic dispersion, together with the comparison of means, the genetic diversity among native jabuticaba trees was efficiently identified, indicating a high potential of these genotypes for breeding programs. The traits of greatest importance for dissimilarity were percentage of pulp and of skin, which are easily measured. The clustering structure is related to the collection sites and for breeding programs, genotypes from different sites should be crossed to generate progenies to be tested. Genotypes 'CV5' and 'VT3' should be conserved in genebanks, due to its important agronomic traits.
Fenologia, produção e composição do mosto da 'Cabernet sauvignon' e 'Tannat' em clima subtropical
Authors: Sato Alessandro Jefferson , Jubileu Bruno Da Silva , Assis Adriane Marinho De , Roberto Sérgio Ruffo
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fenologia e a produção das videiras 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 'Tannat' (Vitis vinifera L.), em clima subtropical, para a elaboração de vinho tinto. A área experimental foi instalada em uma propriedade comercial pertencente à Vinícola Intervin®, em Maringá-PR, e as videiras foram conduzidas em latada sobre o 'IAC 766 Campinas', em espaçamento 4,0 x 1,5m. As avaliações tiveram início a partir das podas de frutificação, realizadas no fim do inverno, durante quatro safras consecutivas (2003, 2004, 2005 e 2006). Foram utilizadas 20 plantas representativas de cada variedade, sendo avaliada a duração em dias das principais fases fenológicas das videiras, bem como estimadas a produção por planta e a produtividade de cada variedade. A evolução de maturação das uvas foi determinada pela análise semanal do pH, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e acidez titulável (AT) do mosto das bagas. A duração média do ciclo da videira 'Cabernet Sauvignon' foi de 130,3 dias, enquanto da 'Tannat' foi de 131,3. As estimativas médias da produção por planta e da produtividade foram, respectivamente, de 4,5 kg e 8,9 t ha-1 para a uva 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 7,3 kg e 12,1 t ha-1 para a 'Tannat'. Os teores médios de pH, SST e AT foram, respectivamente, de 3,3; 14,5 ºBrix e 1,1% de ácido tartárico para a uva 'Cabernet Sauvignon', e 3,3; 17,7 ºBrix e 1,1% de ácido tartárico para a 'Tannat'.
Ambiente colaborativo para formação de pessoal em medicina nuclear
Authors: Brambilla Cláudia Régio , Dalpiaz Gabriel Goulart , Silva Ana Maria Marques da , Silva Júnior Neivo da , Giraffa Lucia Maria Martins , Ferreto Tiago Coelho , De Rose Cesar Augusto Fonticielha , Silva Vinicius Duval da
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: Validar a proposta do desenvolvimento de um ambiente colaborativo virtual para formação de pessoal em medicina nuclear. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No desenvolvimento inicial do ambiente foram levantadas as premissas, restrições e funcionalidades que deveriam ser oferecidas aos profissionais da área. O protótipo foi desenvolvido no ambiente Moodle, incluindo funcionalidades de armazenamento de dados e interação. Um estudo piloto de interação no ambiente foi realizado com uma amostra de profissionais especialistas em medicina nuclear. Análises quantitativas e de conteúdo foram realizadas a partir de um questionário semiestruturado de opinião dos usuários. RESULTADOS: A proposta do ambiente colaborativo foi validada por uma comunidade de profissionais que atuam nesta área e considerada relevante visando a auxiliar na formação de pessoal. Sugestões de melhorias e novas funcionalidades foram indicadas. Observou-se a necessidade de estabelecer um programa de formação dos moderadores no ambiente, visto que são necessárias características de interação distintas do ensino presencial. CONCLUSÃO: O ambiente colaborativo poderá permitir a troca de experiências e a discussão de casos entre profissionais localizados em instituições de diferentes regiões do País, possibilitando uma aproximação e colaboração entre esses profissionais. Assim, o ambiente pode contribuir para formação inicial e continuada de profissionais que atuam em medicina nuclear.
Síndrome de Mounier-Kuhn: achados radiológicos e apresentação clínica
Authors: Bastos Andréa de Lima , Brito Isabela Lage Alves
Published: July 2011

A síndrome de Mounier-Kuhn é uma doença rara, caracterizada clinicamente por infecções respiratórias de repetição. Apresentamos um relato de caso desta doença com análise da radiografia e da tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução do tórax que mostram como principais alterações aumento do calibre da traqueia, brônquios principais e bronquiectasias centrais. Estas alterações, associadas às informações clínicas, sugerem o diagnóstico.
Calibração de extratores providos de cápsula porosa para monitoramento da salinidade e da concentração de íons
Authors: Oliveira Francisco de A. de , Medeiros José F. de , Duarte Sergio N. , Silva Júnior Manoel J. da , Campelo Charlles M.
Published: July 2011

Os resultados satisfatórios obtidos no monitoramento da salinidade e concentração de íons na solução do solo, usando extratores de cápsulas porosas, motivaram a realização deste trabalho, o qual teve como objetivo a obtenção de curvas de calibração para estes extratores monitorarem a condutividade elétrica e a concentração de nitrato e de potássio na solução de dois tipos de solo (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Argissólico franco arenoso, e o outro como Cambissolo Eutrófico), em Mossoró - RN. As concentrações de nitrato utilizadas foram as mesmas nos dois solos (0; 84; 168; 252; 336; 420 e 504 mg L-1); quanto ao potássio, foram utilizadas concentrações diferentes no solo arenoso (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585 e 702 mg L-1) e no argiloso (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585; 702; 1.170; 1.755; 2.340; 2.925 e 3.510 mg L-1). A condutividade elétrica da solução do solo e a concentração de nitrato e de potássio foram estimadas com precisão satisfatória a partir da solução coletada com extratores providos de cápsulas porosas, sendo necessária uma calibração prévia para cada tipo de solo.
Teores de macronutrientes em folhas de bananeira CV. Pacovan Apodi, sob lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio
Authors: Barroso Andréia de A. F. , Viana Thales V. de A. , Marinho Albanise B. , Costa Solerne C. , Azevedo Benito M. de
Published: July 2011

Por meio da análise química da folha, é possível avaliar o estado nutricional da planta, em que os resultados obtidos são comparados a padrões (correlação entre a concentração do nutriente nas folhas e o desenvolvimento da cultura). Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as concentrações de macronutrientes nas folhas de bananeira sob lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio na chapada do Apodi, Ceará. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Foram empregadas cinco lâminas de irrigação (na parcela): 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% e 150% da ETc do lisímetro e quatro doses de potássio (na subparcela): 0%, 60%, 140% e 200% de K2O (recomendada pela análise do solo). As variáveis analisadas foram: N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Através do software "SAEG 9.0-UFV", os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, posteriormente, quando significativo pelo teste F, a 5% de probabilidade, à análise de regressão. As lâminas de irrigação influenciaram significativamente (p<0,05) nos teores de Ca e Mg, e a adubação potássica influenciou apenas nos teores de K, Mg e S.
Análise espacial da redução da queima na colheita da cana-de-açúcar: perspectivas futuras ao cumprimento do protocolo agroambiental
Authors: Novaes Maikon R. de , Rudorff Bernardo F. T , Almeida Cláudia M. de , Aguiar Daniel A. de
Published: July 2011

Estimada em quase 8 milhões de hectares, a área cultivada com cana no País possui 60% de sua extensão dentro do Estado de São Paulo e encontra-se distribuída de maneira heterogênea pelo seu território. Em junho de 2007, a União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar (UNICA) e a SMA-SP assinaram um protocolo agroambiental para antecipar a extinção da queima da palha para 2014, em áreas com declividade inferior a 12%. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise sobre a adesão dos municípios a este protocolo frente à dinâmica da prática da queima, utilizando técnicas de análise espacial. Foram selecionadas duas regiões de acordo com o índice de Moran, e realizadas análises sobre a mudança em relação à prática da queima no período entre 2006 e 2008. Matrizes de transição foram calculadas usando um modelo estacionário baseado na cadeia de Markov. Um segundo modelo, prescritivo, foi elaborado por indicação de especialistas. Os resultados apontaram que há clusters onde a adesão ao protocolo é maior, como no entorno de Barretos e Ribeirão Preto, enquanto em outras áreas a prática da queima ainda prevalece, como nas proximidades de Ourinhos e Jaú. No entanto, as análises feitas mostraram que há forte inclinação à adesão em todas as regiões de estudo.
Utilização da técnica por componentes principais (acp) e fator de iluminação, no mapeamento da cultura do café em relevo montanhoso
Authors: Lamparelli Rubens A. C. , Nery Luiz , Rocha Jansle V.
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as informações obtidas das imagens do satélite Landsat/TM5, utilizando técnicas de Análise por Componentes Principais (ACP) e Fator de Iluminação oriundo de um Modelo de Elevação do Terreno, calculado a partir de imagens ASTER, no mapeamento de áreas de café em terreno montanhoso. As imagens utilizadas (três) foram corrigidas para o efeito da atmosfera e cobriram, temporalmente, o ciclo da cultura. Foram calculadas as componentes principais e escolhidas as duas primeiras, as quais possuíam 94% das informações, para a definição das amostras. As amostras resultantes da ACP foram utilizadas na classificação supervisionada cujo resultado foi comparado com uma classificação convencional e uma classificação multitemporal convencional. A acurácia das classificações foi realizada por meio do cálculo da Exatidão Global e do Coeficiente Kappa, tendo como base uma máscara da área cafeeira da região. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de ACP foi efetiva no estabelecimento de classes de iluminação, assim como na escolha das amostras, apesar de estas não terem representado a área efetivamente classificada. Em função disto, as classificações foram mais acuradas, principalmente aquela que considerou todos os pixels de cada imagem classificada individualmente pelo método da ACP, confirmando a importância do aspecto multitemporabilidade .
Matched case-control study evaluating the frequency of the main agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets
Authors: Lippke Ricardo T. , Borowski Sandra M. , Marques Sandra M.T. , Paesi Suelen O. , Almeida Laura L. , Moreno Andrea M. , Corbellini Luís G. , Barcellos David E.S.N. de
Published: July 2011

A case-control study was carried out in litters of 1 to 7-day-old piglets to identify the main infectious agents involved with neonatal diarrhea in pigs. Fecal samples (n=276) from piglets were collected on pig farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from May to September 2007. Litters with diarrhea were considered cases (n=129) and normal litters (n=147) controls. The samples were examined by latex agglutination test, PAGE, conventional isolating techniques, ELISA, PCR, and microscopic methods in order to detect rotavirus, bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type A and C, and Clostridium difficile), and parasites (Coccidian and Cryptosporidium spp.). Outbreaks of diarrhea were not observed during sampling. At least one agent was detected in fecal samples on 25 out of 28 farms (89.3%) and in 16 farms (57.1%) more than one agent was found. The main agents diagnosed were Coccidia (42.86%) and rotavirus (39.29%). The main agents identified in litters with diarrhea were Clostridium difficile (10.6%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.8%) and rotavirus (7.5%); in control litters, Clostridium difficile (16.6%) and Coccidian (8.5%). Beta hemolytic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C were not detected. When compared with controls, no agent was significantly associated with diarrhea in case litters. These findings stress the need for caution in the interpretation of laboratorial diagnosis of mild diarrhea in neonatal pigs, as the sole detection of an agent does not necessarily indicate that it is the cause of the problem.
Rectal stenosis in pigs associated with Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection
Authors: Watanabe Tatiane Terumi Negrão , Zlotowski Priscila , Oliveira Luiz Gustavo Schneider de , Rolim Verônica Machado , Gomes Marcos José Pereira , Snel Gustavo , Driemeier David
Published: July 2011

Rectal stricture is an acquired annular fibrous constriction of the rectum that results from a variety of chronic necrotizing enteric diseases. In pigs, it is in most cases a sequel of Salmonella infection. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a known pathogen causing immunosuppression in pigs worldwide. PCV2 infected pigs may be predisposed to salmonellosis. In this report, rectal stenosis was observed in 160 pigs from a herd that experienced an outbreak of enteric salmonellosis over a 4-month period. Distension of the abdominal wall and diarrhea were the main clinical signs observed. Five animals were analyzed showing annular cicatrization of the rectal wall 5.0-7.0 cm anterior to the anorectal junction and Salmonella-positive immunostaining in the large intestine. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from fragments of the large intestine. Porcine circovirus type 2 antigen was observed in the mesenteric lymph-node in 4 pigs and in the large intestine in 3 pigs.
Plantas que causam alterações mecânicas ou traumáticas em ruminantes e equinos, com ênfase em Stipa spp. (Gramineae)
Authors: Riet-Correa Beatriz , Riet-Correa Gabriela , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: July 2011

Várias plantas podem provocar algum tipo de injúria mecânica. Entre elas as que causam traumatismo da pele ou mucosas, e as que causam alterações do sistema digestório, incluindo obstrução esofágica, sobrecarga ruminal e obstrução intestinal. Neste trabalho são revisadas algumas plantas que causam essas alterações e é descrito um surto de injúria mecânica causada por Stipa spp. (flechilha) em ovinos no Uruguai. Os animais, principalmente os cordeiros, apresentavam grande quantidade dos frutos de flechilha incrustadas na lã e alguns desses se introduziam na pele, panículo adiposo e músculo cutâneo do tronco causando dermatite e paniculite multifocal difusa.
O papel do inquérito policial no processo de incriminação no Brasil: algumas reflexões a partir de uma pesquisa
Authors: Misse Michel
Published: July 2011

Este artigo apresenta questões derivadas da experiência obtida com a pesquisa sobre o inquérito policial no Brasil, coordenada pelo autor. Argumentando que não se deve confundir o modelo do inquérito policial existente no Brasil com a mera investigação policial, o autor sustenta que, no inquérito brasileiro, reúnem-se atribuições próprias à polícia e atribuições que, em outros países, são cumpridas sob o controle direto do Ministério Público ou do instituto do Juizado de Instrução. Com isso, o inquérito brasileiro passa a ser um extraordinário dispositivo de poder nas mãos dos delegados de polícia, uma peça que tende a prevalecer durante todo o processo legal de incriminação.
O inquérito policial em questão: situação atual e a percepção dos delegados de polícia sobre as fragilidades do modelo Brasileiro de investigação criminal
Authors: Azevedo Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de , Vasconcellos Fernanda Bestetti de
Published: July 2011

O presente artigo discute, inicialmente, o modelo de investigação criminal pré-processual adotado no Brasil, tendente a reforçar um perfil burocrático e bacharelesco em detrimento das atividades de investigação policial. São discutidas as relações institucionais que se estabelecem entre a Polícia Civil e as demais instituições do Sistema de Segurança Pública e Justiça Criminal e conclui-se que a falta de integração sistêmica entre os diferentes âmbitos da Justiça Criminal acaba por multiplicar as fontes de tensão entre os seus agentes e compromete a eficiência do sistema como um todo. Por fim, são apresentados trechos de entrevistas realizadas com Delegados de Polícia atuantes na cidade de Porto Alegre - RS, no intuito de apreender as percepções desses operadores do Sistema Penal a respeito dos dilemas enfrentados para a produção da investigação, tanto na relação com as demais instituições, quanto pelas precariedades materiais e humanas que se evidenciam na Polícia Civil gaúcha.