bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoecological analysis of impacts of the use of plastic waste in road construction on the geological environment
Authors: Kraynyuk Olena V. , Buts Yuriy V. , Ponomarenko Roman V. , Lotsman Pavlo I. , Asotskyi Vitalii V. , Darmofal Eleonora A.
Published: October 2022

Currently, society and industry are developing at a rapid pace, and an increas- ingly serious problem of the modern world is environmental pollution, requiring recycling and reuse wastes. Modern technologies in the field of road construction involve the use of polymeric materials obtained from waste recycling. Almost nothing is known about soil contamination by plastic in general and the destruction of roads in particular; probably because of lack of awareness and absence of standard methods for quantifying plastic components in soil. The contemporary data suggest that flow of plastic has already reached a value similar to that found for other contaminants, such as heavy metals. In particular, migration is observed for plastic microparticles, but so far, their effect on groundwater has not been studied. Therefore, additional research is urgently needed to shed more light on the fate and impact of these persistent materials in the terrestrial environment. The purpose of the study was a geoecological analysis of the risks of using polymer waste in construction of roads to the geological environment. To ensure environmental safety in the implementation of technologies for the utilization of polymer waste, it is necessary to take into account their chemical composition, the ability to form hazardous products in increasing temperature, hazard class, physical and chemical properties. We propose criteria for assessing the possibility of recycling polymer waste in road construction, namely for the manufacture of asphalt concrete. According to the pro- posed overall criterion, taking into account not only technical and economic indicators, but also the environmental component, we can recommend the use of HDPE and LDPE, as well as PP for use in road construction. Taking into account the total criterion, we recom- mend using HDPE, LDPE as the most acceptable waste for road construction,, as well as PP. The technological scheme should include the collection, sorting of these plastics, as those that do not contain hazardous chemicals. Temperature conditions for manufacturing asphalt involve heating and converting the components into the liquid phase for uniform mixing of the entire composite. Under those temperature conditions, chemical compounds that are harmful to the environment and humans would not be created. The possibility to substitute part of the bitumen, to obtain asphalt concrete with high performance, increased service life shows the cost-effectiveness of using these groups of polymer waste in the technology of manufacturing asphalt concrete. The lack of regulatory framework and technical standards for working with polymers for paving brings the problem of plastic roads to the legislative level.
The Role of Internal Audit, Leadership Effectiveness, and Organizational Culture in Risk Management Effectiveness
Authors: Praise I. , Rapina Rapina
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To determine the extent to which the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture influence the effectiveness of risk management.

Design/Method/Approach: This study uses an explanatory research method with a quantitative approach.

Findings: The results of this study explain that effectiveness of risk management is needed in organizations to achieve organizational goals, especially those related to the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture.

Theoretical Implications: This study concludes that to improve the effectiveness of risk management, it can be seen from the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture. All variables are measured through the dimensions and indicators of the existing theory.

Practical Implications: This study obtained the results which show that internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture have a significant effect on the effectiveness of risk management.

Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in the dimensions and indicators used to make research questionnaires which were distributed to respondents.

Research Limitations/Future Research: The data collection technique used a survey method at private universities in Bandung and Cimahi which were registered in the List of Higher Education Region IV only.

Paper type: Empirical
Strategic Management Practices and Performance of Parastatals in Kenya
Authors: Wanyama Mildred Bakhoya , Aila Frederick
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both management and employees in control and evaluation of whether or not the institution’s objectives are met.

Design / Method / Approach: The researcher used an exploratory study design, and the data was collected through organised interviews via telephone to gather everything that is relevant for the study.  Qualitative data collected was thereafter analysed by finding out similarities and differences among the responses collected from different institutions and conclusions made.

Findings: The findings indicate that strategic management practices are useful predictor variables of performance. The composite R2 value of .714 which indicates that 71.4% variation of performance in parastatals in Kenya is as a result of strategic management practices. Of these practices, strategy implementation had the highest impact on performance. The least was strategy evaluation.

Theoretical Implications: Strategic fit theory was used to analyse the performance of each parastatal. The researcher then presented the data using a descriptive approach by the use of illustrative quotes.

Practical Implications: The performance of parastatals is good with both employees and consumers reporting high levels of satisfaction.

Originality/Value: To achieve any organizational goals, a parastatal needs to plan, formulate and implement. The document is to encourage top management in parastatals to practice strategic management as it will have a positive impact on performance in parastatals in Kenya.

Research Limitations / Future Research: Like many research studies, a small group of 14 parastatals was examined, and conclusions were made basing on the findings from this sample. This brought about a generalization that was applied to all other subjects in the field. This generalization appeared somewhat unfair judgement about other parastatals from where participants were not selected because different institutions may have different cultures and levels of professionalism, practice and performance when it comes to matters of strategic management.

Paper type: Empirical
The Effect of Fragile Self-Esteem on Course Completion in Higher Education
Authors: Dinter Martin , Grässle Sandra , Mosenhauer Moritz
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Successful completion of higher education is a significant factor of both individual and national development. Self-esteem has been neglected in previous empirical research as a constraint in course completion. We investigate this factor as a basis to develop suitable interventions.

Design/Method/Approach: We use secondary, administrative data of course completion from fully accredited Bachelor- and Master-courses at an Austrian higher education institution.

Findings: Self-Esteem, using measures of social comparison and gender as proxies, lead to reductions of successful completion of higher education.

Theoretical Implications: Internal constraints, i.e. fragile self-esteem, impacts course completion in higher education.

Practical Implications: National and educational institutions aiming at supporting students should focus on emotional support programs alongside professional support programs.

Originality/Value: We offer tentative first evidence of a novel theory on the impact of fragile self-esteem on intertemporal choices, applied to the context of higher education.

Research Limitations/Future Research: An empirical analysis of higher education performance based on a model unifying both ability and self-esteem constraints would provide an ambitious, but interesting avenue for further research.

Acknowledgement: We thank the participants of the Coffee, Cake & Research seminar in the department for Business Administration Online for insightful comments and feedback. We thank Brigitte Auer, Christina Hackhofer and Maria Pammer for helpful conversations. We thank Jochen Frühwirth for data retrieval.

Paper type: Empirical
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ ЩОДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ФРУКТОЗИ В МОЛОЧНИХ ПРОДУКТАХ З КОМБІНОВАНИМ ВУГЛЕВОДНИМ СКЛАДОМ
Authors: Романчук Ірина О. , Рудакова Тетяна В. , Мінорова Антоніна В. , Моисеева Людмила О. , Крушельницька Наталія Л. , Наріжний Сергій А. , Білий Вадим Ю. , Я. Ворощук Віктор
Published: October 2022

Мета. Застосування інноваційних підходів щодо визначення фруктози із використанням резорцинового методу для контролювання якості у молочних продуктах з комбінованим вуглеводним складом. Методи. Визначення вмісту фруктози проводили резорциновим методом з використанням фільтратів, отриманих за різних способів осадження продукту: сульфосаліциловою кислотою; трихлороцтовою кислотою; розчинами для поляриметричного методу із руйнуванням лактози. Результати експериментальних даних обробляли методами математичної статистики. Результати. Встановлено, що за спектрами поглинання продуктів реакції фільтратів, отриманих різними способами пробопідготовки, у видимій області спектра максимум поглинання складає λmax = 415–420 нм. Виявлено, що значення масової частки фруктози у фільтратах, отриманих осадженням продукту розчинами для поляриметричного методу із руйнуванням лактози,  корелюють між собою, а саме, значення абсолютної похибки порівнюваних результатів становить 0.02 і 0.03 %, а відносної похибки – в межах 0.6–0.73 %.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОМПОЗИТНОГО ПОЛІМЕРНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ДІАТОМІТ-АЛЬГІНАТ-Fe3O4
Authors: Фролова Лілія А. , Пасенко Олександр. О. , Сухий Костянтин М.
Published: October 2022

Використання композитних полімерних адсорбентів, що вміщують складові природного походження, екологічно чисті та дешеві є одним із перспективних технологічних рішень. В статті проведено порівняльну характеристику діатоміту, композитних гранул діатоміт-альгінат та діатоміт-альгінат-Fe3O4. Композити діатоміт-альгінат-Fe3O4 були синтезовані шляхом нанесення  магнітного ферум оксиду на альгінат-дітомітові гранули. В роботі проведено дослідження процесу синтезу та грануляції композиційного адсорбенту альгінат-діатоміт-магнетит. Досліджений процес нанесення активної магнітної фази адсорбенту. Всі отримані зразки були досліджені за допомогою електронної мікроскопії, інфрачервоної спектроскопії, рентгенофазового аналізу, дериватографії. Встановлена залежність статичної міцності  гранул від вмісту твердої фази (17–25 кПа). Досліджена термічна стабільність зразків. Досліджена адсорбція аніонів метиленового синього з водних розчинів. Для адсорбенту альгінат-діатоміт і альгінат-діатоміт - Fe3O4 –ступінь очищення складала 95–99 %.
МІКРОЕМУЛЬСІЯ «ВОДА В ОЛІЇ» ЯК ПОТЕНЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ІНКАПСУЛЯЦІЇ АСКОРБІНОВОЇ КИСЛОТИ
Authors: Петра Салатіч , Мартіна Гудель , Марко Крстіч , Люція Юрко , Бошкович Періца
Published: October 2022

Мікроемульсії є оптично ізотропними і термодинамічно стабільними системами, що складаються з води, олії і поверхнево-активної речовини, часто у поєднанні з ко-сурфактантом, який потрібний для оптимального формування мікроемульсії з меншим агрегатним радіусом і більшою кривизною міжфазного шару. Потенціал мікроемульсій ще не повністю реалізований, і тому очікується багато інновацій в області технології мікроемульсій. Вони мають численні переваги завдяки спонтанному утворенню, простоті виробництва і масштабування, термодинамічній стабільності, здатності покращувати солюбілізацію ліків і біодоступність. У цій роботі описані мікроемульсивні системи, що містять неіонні поверхнево-активні речовини Tween 80 і Span 80, ізопропілмирістат в якості масляної фази і очищену воду. За допомогою вимірювань розподілу розмірів мікроемульсивних агрегатів, показника заломлення, електропровідності і поверхневого натягу з найбільш відповідної області мікроемульсії були відібрані і проаналізовані зразки, як порожні, так і з інкапсульованою аскорбіновою кислотою.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТЕЧІЇ В'ЯЗКО-ПЛАСТИЧНОГО БАРОТРОПНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ, ЩО СТИСКАЄТЬСЯ В КАНАЛАХ СКЛАДНОЇ ГЕОМЕТРІЇ
Authors: Білецький Едуард В. , Петренко Олена В. , Семенюк Дмитро П.
Published: October 2022

Розглянуто особливості моделювання руху в'язко-пластичного матеріалу, що стискається з показниками, залежними від тиску в каналах складної геометрії технологічного обладнання.

Як матеріал обрано бінгамовські (в'язко-пластичні) рідини з двома постійними параметрами – в’язкістю та порогом зрушення, які залежать від тиску. Розглядається течія в плоскому каналі. Рух границь передбачається чисто поздовжнім, а поле течії при цьому не є поздовжнім. Поява поперечної складової швидкості обумовлене залежністю параметрів реологічної моделі від тиску. Моделювання течії здійснювалось в два етапи. На першому етапі розглядається реологічна модель течії бінгамівського матеріалу, але без стискання. На другому етапі проводилось вивчення впливу фактора баротропного стискання. При розгляді моделі течії використано метод суперпозицій. У рамках запропонованої моделі отримані рівняння нульового та другого наближення для визначення характеристик бінгамівської течії в пласкому каналі. Стискаємість в'язко-пластичного матеріалу показана у величинах тиску та різниці швидкостей на границях каналу.

Математичний опис течії в'язко-пластичної баратропної рідини у каналах складної геометрії технологічного обладнання дозволяє з максимальною узагальненістю параметрів встановити залежність в’язкості і граничного значення напруження зрушення від тиску.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ТВЕРДОГО ПАЛИВА З ПИВНОЇ ДРОБИНИ
Authors: Іващук Олександр С. , Атаманюк Володимир М. , Чижович Роман А. , Кіяєва Софія С. , Дулеба Василь П. , Собечко Ірина Б.
Published: October 2022

У статті описано результати експериментальних досліджень використання ячмінної пивної дробини для виготовлення альтернативного твердого палива. Описано спосіб виготовлення брикетів методом пресування. Досліджено теплотворні характеристики як підготованої вихідної сировини, так і отриманих зразків. За результатами досліджень визначено, що значення вищої теплотворної здатності осушеної пивної дробини становить 20005 кДж/кг, а виготовлених брикет – зразків твердого палива – у діапазоні від 20173 до 20298 кДж/кг. Вміст залишкової вологи осушеної пивної дробини становила ~6,5% мас., зольність пивної дробини становила в межах 1,6÷2,3% мас. Вміст залишкової вологи брикет становив в межах в межах 0,5÷1,5% мас., а зольність становила в межах 1,5÷1,6% мас. Отримане альтернативне тверде паливо, яке містить ячмінну пивну дробину, володіє високою теплотворною здатністю, не містить шкідливих домішок, не вимагає додаткового очищення, не вимагає допоміжних речовин для формування ствердлої форми, забезпечує додаткову можливість утилізації промислових відходів пивного виробництва, підвищує екологічність шляхом можливості заміни традиційних паливних ресурсів та відсутності великої кількості шкідливих викидів. Створені зразки не вимагають в'яжучих і попереднього очищення перед виготовленням.
Value Orientations and Civic Position of the Youth of the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Kazakova Marina N. , Napalkova Irina G.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. In the context of the escalation of contradictions between Russia, Ukraine and Western countries, the growth of Russophobic tendencies, which are becoming a new trend in the foreign information space, it is necessary to strengthen the value foundations within the country, to form an active civic position, a sense of patriotism, especially among young people, who are the main bearer of social potential. For the development and implementation of effective programs of civic and patriotic education, it is important to measure value orientations and study the specifics of citizenship. Such studies are of particular relevance for young people, who are a strategic resource for the development of the state.

Materials and Methods. The system, axiological and structural-functional approaches, the method of classification and generalization were used as the theoretical and methodological strategy of the study. The applied basis of the study was the questionnaire method, as a result of which 400 people were interviewed, including young people aged 18–35 years (150 people, including 71 men and 79 women). The basis for the selection of analysis units was gender.

Results. The respondents identified among the dominant constructs: “good health”, “good family”, “material security”, “interesting job”, “good education”. The value of “the desire to benefit your country” has taken the middle place, which indicates a tendency to a passive civic position. Among the value dominates of Russian society, the values of a culture with a low power distance – “individualism”, “risk”, “self-realization” and at the same time a high distance – “strong power” prevail. The civic position was considered in the context of the attitude of youth to patriotism. Associations of patriotism with love for home, city, country, loyalty to national culture, traditions, and way of life prevail among the respondents.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study has showed: the dominance of material needs over spiritual ones; the average level of patriotism formation, as well as the development of a “normal identity”, which presupposes a critical understanding of the development of the state and society.

In order to strengthen the sense of patriotism and, in general, an active civic position, it is necessary to direct efforts to improve the quality of life of the population, support effective feedback from citizens and the state, as well as stimulate the creation of multi-format spaces for positive youth activism.
The Spiritual and Religious Concept of Optimism in Philosophy and Pedagogy of Ivan Ilyin
Authors: Andreeva Yuliya V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The spiritual and religious concept of I. Ilyin’s optimism brings a new vision of the problem of human and his qualities into philosophy and pedagogy and is of scientific interest as a kind of program of spiritual stamina. The purpose of the study is to trace the genesis of the phenomenon of optimism in the spiritual and religious concept of I. Ilyin against the background of the evolution of his philosophical views; determine the spiritual and moral foundations of optimism within the framework of this concept; to determine the methods of formation of spiritually faithful optimism as a personality trait.

Results. The spiritual and religious concept of I. Ilyin’s optimism manifests itself in the moral stamina of the individual, in conscious humility with what cannot be changed and in overcoming those difficulties that are within our power; it is the ability to recognize one’s life purpose and faithfully follow it throughout life, overcoming difficulties. It is the difficulties that act as steps to overcome them and on the way to the moral self-improvement of the individual. In the spiritual and religious concept of I. Ilyin, optimism acts in two ways: both as a gift (something innate) and as an art (something acquired) of self-empowerment, which is actualized during the period of overcoming difficulties. The article traces the evolution of I. Ilyin’s philosophical views: from understanding optimism as a moral will (in the traditions of German classical philosophy) to understand optimism as an effective overcoming of suffering and courage in the best traditions of Russian Orthodoxy. The harder and bleaker life is, the more in demand is optimism as the art of spiritual victory over the suffering and hardships of life, which carry a powerful emotional charge of spiritual purification, hardening, strengthening and strengthening.

Discussion and Conclusion. For our research, it is especially valuable that optimism as a quality of a person, having both innate and acquired strength, can be brought up: by prayer, by inner (cordial contemplation), by emotional comprehension, by consolation, by distraction with joy. No less valuable is the fact that the methods of his upbringing reveal the spiritual principles of optimism.
Protein, fatty acid, mineral profiles and antioxidant potential of Kupres cheese at different stage of ripening
Authors:   University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarić Zlatan
Published: October 2022

Kupres cheese is a traditional Bosnian full-fat hard cheese. This paper deals with the change of protein and fatty acid profiles, mineral content and antioxidant potential during the period of three months of its ripening. Proteolysis was monitored by the electrophoresis of total extracts and water-soluble fractions under reducing conditions, whereas fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography. The mineral content in the ripened cheeses was determined by using methods of Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for microelements and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for microelements, respectively. Ripening of Kupres cheese during three months is characterised by a relatively slow proteolysis, especially during the first month and by the increase in desirable fatty acid content. After 30 days of ripening, the WSN/TN and TCA/TN contents increased from 8.23% and 2.25% to 10.15% and 3.59%, respectively. Further, ripening induced higher increase of these parameters and more intensive degradation of the major caseins, especially αs-CN. After three months of ripening, residual level of αs-CN and β-CN was 12.02% and 80.96%, respectively. Three month-old cheese had improved indexes of lipid quality as well as improved reducing power and ability to scavenge free radicals. Ripening affected the content of Ca, P and Na whereas no significant changes of the other macro- and microelements of Kupres cheese were observed.
Novel probiotic camel milk yoghurt supplemented with inulin: antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic effects
Authors:   University of Carthage, Research Unit: “Bio-Preservation and Valorization of Agricultural Products UR13- AGR 02”, Higher School of Food Industries of Tunisia (ESIAT) 58 Alain Savary Street, El Khadhra City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia mail, Mahmoudi Imen
Published: October 2022

Similar to cow’s milk, camel milk also contains the essential nutrients as well as potentially therapeutic compounds with antihypertensive, and antioxidant properties. In the current study, camel milk was used for developing a new probiotic camel milk yoghurt with commercial prebiotic (inulin). The camel yoghurt samples were evaluated by monitoring the changes in some physicochemical properties (pH, total acidity and synerisis) and bacterial viability and survival of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CABA16 during storage. Besides, antibacterial, ⍺-amylase and ⍺-glucosidase inhibitions and antioxidant activities and the sensory evaluation of this novel product were assessed. The pH values of samples decreased whereas total acidity values increased throughout 21 days of storage and Limosilactobacillus fermentum CABA16 maintained good viability with counts higher than 107 CFU g-1 at the end of storage. α-Glucosidase and α- Amylase Inhibitions Water-Soluble Extracts were higher than 35 and 55% respectively in probiotic (PY), prebiotic (InY) and symbiotic (SY) camel yoghurts at the end of storage period. Moreover, the highest antioxidant activities of the WSEs from camel yoghurts were around 49 and 61% by DPPH and ABTS assays respectively. The fortified probiotic camel yoghurts exhibited comparable antibacterial activities with maximum diameter of 12±0.07 mm on Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes strains. Lastly, the addition of probiotic and inulin significantly improved the sensory characteristics, except the colour, of camel yoghurts.
Comparison of composition, sensory properties and aroma compounds of kefir produced from donkey milk and cow milk
Authors:   Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur Food, Agriculture and Livestock Vocational Higher Education School, Food Processing Department, Burdur, Turkey, Gün İlhan
Published: October 2022

In this study, donkey milk and cow milk used for kefir production and the kefir samples were characterised based on compositional and microbiological properties, volatile aroma compounds, amino acid composition, and sensory analyses during storage for 21 days at 5 °C. Compared to cow milk kefir (CMK), donkey milk kefir (DMK) had lower contents of total solids, fat, and protein. Using donkey milk resulted in a weaker body characteristic in the kefir sample due to its low total solids content and the low ratio of casein. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid formation were at a remarkable level in DMK. Besides, the high lactose content of donkey milk caused more ethanol production in the kefir. Tyrosine, valine, and arginine were the primary amino acids in DMK. Donkey milk kefir was evaluated as acceptable in the aspect of sensorial properties such as taste and odour. Based on the present results, it could be concluded that a probiotic fermented beverage can be produced from donkey milk.
Fatty acids and free amino acid composition of synbiotic goat cheese with free and encapsulated probiotics
Authors:   Ege University, Ege Higher Vocational School, Food Technology Programme, Izmir, Turkey, Kavas Nazan
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in free fatty acids and amino acids during storage of synbiotic microcapsule-added goat cheeses and determine the effect of microencapsulation on these changes during storage. Another objective was also to determine the effects of probiotics and synbiotics (probiotic + prebiotics) added in free form during the production of white goat cheese on amino acid and fatty acid values. In the study, three types of microcapsules including probiotic bacteria (Lacticaseibacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum), probiotic + fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and probiotic + inulin containing microcapsules were prepared and cheeses were produced using these microcapsules. Cheese samples were stored at +4 °C for 180 days and the amino acids and free fatty acid content of the cheeses were determined during the storage period. The saturated fatty acid with the highest ratio in goat cheeses was palmitic acid (C16) whereas the unsaturated fatty acid with the highest ratio was determined as oleic acid (C18:1). At the end of ripening, the amino acid with the highest amount was glutamic acid in cheese samples, followed by leucine, proline, aspartic acid, and lysine, respectively. It has been determined that inoculation of probiotic cultures, either in free or microencapsulated form, into cheese milk positively influences the total amino acid and fatty acid levels. The addition of inulin along with probiotics on the 180th day of storage was effective in amino acid formation compared to cheeses with free FOS added. It could also be concluded that the addition of free or microencapsulated FOS was effective in the formation of free fatty acids. In addition, regardless of the used form (free or microcapsules), inulin was more effective in amino acid formation.
The effect of animal-related and some environmental effects on daily milk production of dairy cows under the heat stress conditions
Authors:   Institute for Animal Husbandry, Department of Cattle Breeding and Genetics, Autoput 16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia, Mićić Nenad
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to determine the effect of different fixed factors (breed, region, calving year, calving season, parity and lactation stage) on daily milk production (yield and content) of four dairy cattle breeds under the heat stress conditions (THI≥72). The research was conducted on a set of test-day records of four dairy cattle breeds (Simmental, Holstein-Friesian, Red Holstein and Brown Swiss) reared in the Republic of Serbia (Region of Mačva, Podunavlje and Šumadija). The statistical analysis included test-day records collected in the period from the beginning of the year 2012 to the end of the year 2019. Based on the performed analysis, it could be demonstrated that all the effects included in the statistical model (breed, region, calving year, calving season, parity and lactation stage) statistically highly significant (p<0.001) affected daily milk production (yield and content) of cows reared in the terms of the heat stress conditions. The highest daily milk production was determined in the region of Podunavlje, and by the Holstein-Friesian breed. Furthermore, dairy cows calved during the spring season, in the third lactation and from the 61st to the 120th day of lactation, had the highest milk production during the summer period in an environment characterised by heat stress. Also, daily milk yield of cows in a heat stress environment decreased in the period from June to September. The results obtained indicate different animals' responses to heat stress concerning the animal's breed, rearing region, calving year, calving season, parity and lactation stage.
Influence of lactation stages on haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of Lacaune dairy sheep
Authors:   University of J. J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Antunović Zvonko
Published: October 2022

The research objective was to determine haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of 30 Lacaune dairy sheep during different stages of lactation (early: 60th, medium: 120th and late: 180th days). The sheep were on average 4 years old, in 3rd lactation. Haematological parameters were determined in whole blood (white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB) concentration, haematocrit (HCT) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet (PLT) count), and a blood smear was used for determination of differential blood cell count. Determined biochemical parameters in blood serum were: concentration of minerals (Ca, P-inorganic, Mg and Fe), concentration of total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLOB), urea, glucose (GUK), cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGC), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD). With progression of lactation stages, sheep blood tests proved significant increase in WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, monocytes, Fe, urea, TP, ALB, CHOL, HDL, LDL, BHB, AST, GGT and ALT as well as a decrease in lymphocytes, Mg, GUK and SOD. Determined changes in haematological and biochemical blood parameters of Lacaune dairy sheep during different lactation stages proved good quality nutrition of sheep and indicate the need to include this dairy breed/genotype in prospective schemes for definition of referential values for these indicators in sheep.
APPLYING THE ISLAMIC LAW FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF MAQASHID AL-SHARIAH: ANALYZING LEGAL OPINIONS OF SRI LANKAN MUSLIM SCHOLARS
Authors: Shihan Mohammad , Zaroum Abdulhamid Mohamed Ali
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The Sharīʿah is of fundamental importance for all Muslims. No Muslim is exempted from following the Sharīʿah. However, the understanding of Islamic law is often too narrow and problematic for several reasons. Further, this situation is more critical in the Muslim minority context since it paves the ways to misunderstand and misinterpret the nature and purpose of the Sharīʿah. Therefore, applying Sharīʿah  has become a controversial matter that harms people’s interests rather than serves them. Further, during the last few decades, there has been significant interest among the scholars of Sharī’ah in producing the Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah as a new methodology to interpret the texts of Sharīʿah.  They propose Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah as general principles that open expansive rooms for applying Sharīʿah under its broad perspective. Acknowledging this background, the researcher examined the views of Sri Lankan Muslim scholars about applying Sharīʿah based on Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah’s viewpoint. Hence, the perceptions about the application of Sharīʿah are collected from selected Muslim scholars by conducting the interview. This study follows the qualitative method of data collection and content analysis method to reach the results and findings. Accordingly, the study reveals that the prevailing narrow perspective about Sharīʿah serves as an obstacle for the correct and beneficial application of the Sharīʿah and causes negative perceptions among the public. Consequently, the study concludes that the broad perspective of Sharī’ah opens a more expansive space for the application of Sharī’ah and largely helps cooperate and collaborate with other religious communities.
TRANSGENDER DAN REDEFINISI KHUNTSA DALAM KAJIAN MEDIS DAN FIQIH KONTEMPORER: STUDI KASUS APRILIO MANGANANG-AMAR ALFIKAR
Authors: Fitri Ahmad Asrof , Haq Sansan Ziaul
Published: October 2022

This research, which examines transgender and khuntsa in contemporary fiqh and medic, is inspired by the news on Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar, who changed their gender due to medical and psychological problems. Aprilio was diagnosed with hypospadias, while Amar suffered from gender dysphoria. In classical fiqh literature, the concept of khuntsa is identified from a physical point of view only, which is generally categorized into khuntsa ghairu musykil if the person's gender can still be known and khuntsa musykil if the genitals cannot be ascertained after a medical research process. The purpose of this study is to determine the fiqh review of the transgender cases of Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar. Using the library research method, this study finds that Aprilio is considered a khuntsa ghairu musykil because of hormonal and physical tendencies to men. While Amar, although born with female genital, gender dysphoria makes her feel that she is in an inappropriate body, thus causing self-harming. In the perspective of contemporary fiqh with psychological approach, the problem experienced by Amar require scholars to review the definition of khuntsa. The criteria of khuntsa musykil can be expanded by considering psychological disorders that arise from internal issues, not due to external influences.Penelitian yang mengkaji tentang transgender dan khuntsa dalam sudut pandang medis dan fikih kontemporer ini diilhami dari pemberitaan mengenai Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar, yang melakukan perubahan jenis kelamin dengan sebab masalah medis dan psikologis. Aprilio didiagnosa mengalami hipospadia berat, sementara Amar menderita gender dysphoria. Dalam literatur fikih klasik, konsep khuntsa acap kali hanya dilihat dan diidentifikasi dari segi fisik untuk ditentukan jenis kelaminnya, yang secara umum dikategorikan menjadi khuntsa ghairu musykil jika orang tersebut masih bisa diketahui kelaminnya dan khuntsa musykil bila setelah proses penelitian medis tidak dapat diketahui kepastian genitalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tinjauan fikih terhadap kasus transgender Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dengan kajian literatur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Aprilio termasuk khuntsa ghairu musykil karena kecenderungan hormonal maupun penanda fisik yang terlihat mengarah jelas kepada laki-laki. Sementara Amar, meskipun terlahir dengan alat kelamin perempuan, secara psikis gender dysphoria membuatnya merasa berada dalam tubuh yang tidak sesuai, sehingga menyebabkan self-harming. Dalam sudut pandang fiqih kontemporer dengan pendekatan psikologis, persoalan yang dialami Amar secara moral mengharuskan ulama untuk meninjau kembali definisi khuntsa. Khuntsa musykil dapat diperluas cakupannya dengan memper­timbang­­kan kelainan-kelainan psikologis yang muncul dari internal diri seseorang, bukan akibat pengaruh eksternal.
NAFKAH PRODUKTIF UNTUK ANAK PERSPEKTIF KIAI SYANSURI BADAWI
Authors: Musthofa Yayan , Firdaus Mohamad Anang
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The obligation of parents to provide for their children at least until they reach adulthood, which is 21 years referring to the KHI policy article 98 paragraph (1), when they are married, or have entered ar-rusydu phase (understanding the law and independence) referring to classical fiqh studies. In another study on maqāshid as-syarī'ah version, when the child has entered the age of 23 years based on the calculation finishing study period plus a year of financial independence trial period. In order to study further to prepare children's financial independence, this study aims to examine more deeply the concept of productive livelihood from the maqāsid as-syarī'ah perspective in the book of Fiqh Al-Munākaḥāt by Kiai Syansuri Badawi. This article includes a literature review with the maqāsid as-syarī'ah approach of Jasser Auda, while the object of this study is the work of Kiai Syansuri Badawi. From this research, I found that livelihood in Kiai Syansuri Badawi's view contains a productive meaning or a productive spirit and is in accordance with Jasser Auda's maqāshid as-syarī'ah concept for human development as the goal of the Shari'a. This article is important to build human development –especially Muslims– with the disteribution and management of a productive living, starting from the smallest organization, namely the family.Abstrak: Kewajiban orangtua menafkahi anak setidaknya berlangsung hingga masuk usia dewasa, yakni 21 tahun bila merujuk kebijakan KHI PPasal 98 ayat (1), ketika sudah menikah, atau sudah masuk fase ar-rusydu (cakap hukum dan mandiri) bila merujuk kajian fikih klasik. Dalam kajian lain versi maqāsid as-syarī’ah, ketika anak sudah masuk usia 23 tahun dengan perhitungan usai masa belajar ditambah setahun masa uji coba kemandirian finansial. Untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut untuk menyiapkan kemandirian finansial anak, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam konsep nafkah produktif perspektif maqāshid as-syarī’ah dalam kitab Fiqh Al-Munākaḥāt karya Kiai Syansuri Badawi. Artikel ini termasuk kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan maqāshid as-syarī’ah Jasser Auda, sedangkan objek kajiannya adalah karya Kiai Syansuri Badawi. Dari kajian tersebut, peneliti mendapat­kan hasil bahwa nafkah dalam pandangan Kiai Syansuri Badawi mengandung makna produktif atau spirit-produktif dan sesuai dengan konsep maqāshid as-syarī’ah Jasser Auda untuk pengembangan SDM (human development) sebagai tujuan dari syariat. Artikel ini penting guna membangun human development –khususnya umat Islam– dengan penyaluran dan pengelolaan nafkah menjadi produktif, dimulai dari organisasi terkecil, yakni keluarga.
MODERASI PEMAHAMAN HIRARKI MAQĀSHID AL-SYARĪʻAH DALAM FIKIH PANDEMI PERSPEKTIF FIQH AL-AWLAWIYYĀT STUDI FATWA MUI
Authors: Hajar Siti , Zaeni Ahmad
Published: October 2022

The controversy about the al-Maqâshid al-Dlarûriyyah al-Khams hierarchy has an effect on the understanding of the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah hierarchy in the MUI version of the Fiqh Pandemic, especially the fatwa on congregational and Friday prayers in mosques. In dzahir, the fatwa prioritizes hifdz al-nafs over hifdz al-dîn, while the majority of scholars are of the opinion that hifdz al-dîn occupies the highest hierarchy. This research aims to reveal a moderate understanding of the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah hierarchy in Fiqh Pandemic from the perspective of Fiqh al-Awlawiyyât. This research is qualitative by using Istiqrâ̕, Muqâranah and Tawtsîqî methods. The results of this study are: first, the al-Tarjîh rule used by the theocentric group allows for a middle way to bring together views between theocentric and anthropocentric groups in determining the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah hierarchy; second, Fiqh al-Awlawiyyât is a comprehensive instrument to determine the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah hierarchy in Pandemic Fiqh, because it accommodates the rules of al-Tarjîh, Fiqh al-Muwâzanah and Fiqh al-Taisîr wa Raf' al-Haraj, even in harmony with Fiqh al-̒Adzâr through Qiyâs Awlawî; third, Fiqh al-Awlawiyyât becomes a middle ground for the controversy between theocentric and anthropocentric groups in the context of the Maqâshid al-Syarîʻah hierarchy. In conclusion, the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah hierarchy in Pandemic Fiqh with the priority of hifdz al-nafs over hifdz al-dîn is set moderately by using Fiqh al-Awlawiyyât.Kontroversi tentang hirarki al-maqāshid al-dlarūriyyah al-khams berpengaruh pada pemahaman hirarki Maqāshid al-Syarī’ah dalam Fikih Pandemi versi MUI, khususnya fatwa tentang shalat Jama’ah dan Jum'at di masjid. Secara dzahir, fatwa tersebut mendahulukan hifdz al-nafs atas hifdz al-dīn, sedangkan Jumhūr ulama ber­pendapat bahwa hifdz al-dīn menempati hirarki tertinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meng­ungkap pemahaman moderat tentang hirarki Maqāshid al-Syarī’ah dalam Fikih Pandemi perspektif Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode Istiqrâ̕, Muqāranah dan Tawtsīqī. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: pertama, kaidah al-Tarjīh yang digunakan kelompok teosentris memungkinkan adanya jalan tengah mempertemukan pandangan antara kelompok teosentris dan antropo­sen­tris dalam penentuan hirarki maqāshid al-syarī’ah; kedua, Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt merupakan instrumen komprehensif untuk menentukan hirarki Maqāshid al-Syarī’ah dalam Fikih Pandemi, karena ia mengakomodir kaidah al-Tarjīh, Fiqh al-Muwāzanah dan Fiqh al-Taisīr wa Raf' al-Haraj, bahkan selaras dengan Fiqh al-A’dzār melalui Qiyās Awlawī; ketiga, Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt menjadi jalan tengah bagi kontroversi antara kelompok teosentris dan antroposentris dalam konteks hirarki Maqāshid al-Syarīʻah. Kesimpulannya, hirarki Maqāshid al-Syarī’ah dalam Fikih Pandemi dengan prioritas hifdz al-nafs daripada hifdz al-dīn ditetapkan secara moderat dengan menggunakan Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt.
PENGGUNAAN E-WALLET OVO PERSPEKTIF ULAMA SYAFI'IYAH
Authors: Musanna Khadijatul , Sholihin Riadhus , Sari Maula
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This study analyzes the status of the legal status that applies to payments through OVO based on the perspective of Ulama Syafi'yah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, based on normative juridical regarding the laws applicable to OVO, analyzed conceptually using the opinions of Syafi'iyah Scholars. The results show that the payment system of the OVO application tends to use wadi'ah contracts, this can be seen from the elements, namely, contracts, objectives and objects of contracts that are clear and certain. Additionally, the object of the contract in the use of the OVO application has a feature in the form of a stored balance, so that at any time it can be taken back by the account owner without the need for permission from OVO as the application provider, this further strengthens the perception that OVO is oriented in the wadi'ah contract.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis status hukum yang berlaku terhadap pembayaran melalui OVO berdasarkan perspektif Ulama Syafi’yah. Adapun metode penlitian yang digunakan adalah  deskriptif kualitatif, berdasarkan yuridis normatif mengenai hukum yang berlaku pada OVO, dianalisis secara konseptual  menggunakan pendapat dari Ulama Syafi’iyah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembayaran aplikasi OVO cenderung menggunakan akad wadi’ah, hal ini  terlihat dari unsur yaitu kontrak, tujuan dan objek akad yang sudah jelas dan pasti. Selain itu, secara objek akad dalam penggunaan aplikasi OVO terdapat fitur berupa saldo yang tersimpan, sehingga sewaktu-waktu dapat diambil kembali oleh pemilik akun tanpa perlu izin dari pihak OVO selaku penyedia aplikasi, hal ini semakin memperkuat persepsi bahwa OVO berorientasi dalam akad wadi’ah.
KONFIGURASI POLITIK LEGISLASI JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH
Authors: Widyawati Widyawati
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Act Number 33/2024 on Halal Product Guarantee was already issued by the Indonesian government in 2014. The main objective of this act is to ensure comfort, security, safety, and certainty of halal product availability for society in consuming and using products. However, the issues and debates around this bill have drawn severe attention from different parties, especially during deliberation as represented in political configuration. As it was known, political configuration constitutes legal drafting and its implementation as represented in the character and orientation of legal development. This paper concludes that political configuration in the legislation of halal product guarantee is democratic because it was conducted openly and gives room for public participation as well as legislative and executive bodies according to their function proportionally. This political configuration is in line with such principles found in fiqh siyasah as consultation (musyawarah), freedom (hurriyyah) and equality (musawah). This conclusion was drawn using primary and secondary data through the content analysis method. Primary data include official documents related to the bill and act of halal product guarantee, while secondary data refer to articles and books on halal product guarantee.Abstrak: Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal telah disahkan oleh DPR pada 2014 dan diundangkan oleh Presiden pada tahun yang sama. Sesuai dengan tujuannya, undang-undang ini menjamin kenyamanan, keamanan, keselamatan dan kepastian ketersediaan produk halal bagi masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi dan menggunakan produk. Meskipun demikian, isu dan perdebatan seputar RUU ini telah mendapat atensi dari berbagai pihak, terutama dalam pembahasan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam konfigurasi politik. Seperti dimaklumi, konfigurasi politik merupakan proses pembuatan dan pelaksanaan hukum yang tercermin dalam karakter dan arah pembangunan hukum. Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa konfigurasi politik dalam legislasi jaminan produk halal bersifat demokratis, sebab dilakukan secara terbuka dan membuka ruang bagi partisipasi publik dan pihak-pihak legislatif dan pemerintah sesuai fungsinya secara proporsional. Ini sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip fiqh siyasah yang menekankan musyawarah (syura), kebebasan (hurriyyah),  dan persamaan (musawah). Kesimpulan itu ditarik dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis), dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Yang pertama meliputi dokumen-dokumen resmi terkait dengan RUU dan UU JPH, sedangkan yang kedua merujuk pada tulisan-tulisan terkait dengan jaminan produk halal.
Pre-professional journalistic cultures of Cuba, Ecuador and Venezuela: Perceptions of students about ethics and journalism practices
Authors: Oller-Alonso Martín , Arcila-Calderón Carlos , Oliveira-Pérez Dasniel
Published: October 2022

This paper analyses the pre-professional journalistic culture of Ecuador, Cuba and Venezuela based on the degree of permissiveness held by Journalism students in regard to controversial ethical practices and their views of the media and the journalistic profession. We surveyed a probabilistic sample of 1,273 students from 21 universities enrolled on their first course (Ecuador=500, Venezuela=390, Cuba=383) in 2016. The results show that future journalists are reluctant to accept questionable journalistic practices, and hold a pessimistic view as to the quality and confidence of the media and the profession. We found that the degree of permissiveness is related to the perceived risk-reward analysis in terms of the quality of journalism in Cuba and Ecuador, and that the student perceptions of ethics differ in Venezuela and Ecuador. We conclude that, despite their political similarities in terms of having left-wing Governments, perceptions in the three countries diverge.