bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMAL ISSUES ON THE APPOINTMENT AND CONDUCT OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION in COMMERCIAL LITIGATION
Authors: Popovich I. , Sviderskyi A.
Published: April 2020

One of the main conditions for the construction and functioning of the rule of law is the legal regulation of all spheres of human activity, the creation of a reliable effective legal mechanism of state protection of all natural and acquired human rights, in accordance with their legal status. The rapid growth of the needs of modern society in the use of knowledge from various fields of science, technology, art, crafts does not go around such a public sphere as the sphere of legal proceedings, and understanding the importance of special knowledge to establish the truth in economic affairs gives reason to consider forensic science as an independent institution for protecting rights and the legitimate interests of citizens, legal entities and the interests of the state as a whole. In any branch of law, there are branch institutes. In those cases when a particular institution combines the norms of two or more branches of law, it is considered intersectoral. A separate legal institution is a set of rules governing a certain group of legal relations, which are personified by virtue of their specificity. The integration of the achievements of various sciences into the practice of proof is a natural and traditionally studied phenomenon for economic proceedings. But the constant development of all social processes and relations determines the dynamic processes in the sphere of their legal regulation, which are reflected in the changes in the relevant regulatory legal acts. Due to the intensification of legislative activity in Ukraine, which has been manifested in recent years, there is not only inconsistency of the provisions of certain legal acts among themselves, but also contradictions to constitutional principles, and in some cases, to the laws of scientific development of certain branches of knowledge. Unfortunately, such processes are also characteristic of such an important state institution as justice and its individual institutions, in particular, forensic science.
In connection with the above, there is a need to analyze the problematic issues of the appointment and conduct of forensic examination in economic proceedings.
SPECIFICS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OFEMPLOYEES EXPERT OFFICE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Solovei О.
Published: April 2020

The peculiarities of professional training of experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine experts are considered.
The purpose of the article is to highlight the regularities of scientific and methodological training of experts and the qualitative performance of their duties. Forensic expert activity of state and non-state institutions in Ukraine and international practice in this field are analyzed. Judicial expertise in Ukraine is of great importance for the administration of justice. In order to increase the improve of this activity, it is necessary to create the conditions for ensuring a high level of professional training of experts. The expert office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is a system of state specialized institutions of forensic examination, which is constantly expanding the range of types of forensic examinations it conducts. The professional training of the experts of the aforementioned office is carried out through training in educational institutions, centers of vocational training of the Ministry of Internal Affairs personnel management and on the job training, as well as in the framework of additional professional training — internships, etc. At the same time, new types of expertise require scientific and methodological elaboration and, accordingly, provision of materials for further use during the examination. Changes in the field of forensic activity in the Republic of Belarus are analyzed, and the State Committee for Forensic Expertise of the Republic of Belarus established in 2013 is responsible for implementing a unified state policy in the field of 0forensic expertise. One of the main indicators of the effectiveness of expert activity is the implementation of science achievements in expert practice, using innovative technologies, distance learning opportunities, etc.
Proposed solutions and ways to more fully and objectively prepare an expert, which plays an important role and positively affects the efficiency and effectiveness during work, are offered.
TO THE QUESTION OF RESEARCH OF SIGNATURES PERFORMED BY THE PERSONS OF THE ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE
Authors: Zabuha A. , Lilova J.
Published: April 2020

Human handwriting changes throughout life, undergoing natural changes. Handwriting undergoes significant changes in the process of transition from mature to advanced and senile age. Aging is a natural, regular process of organism change at physiological, psychological, social levels. Over the past 50 years, the process of aging of the nation on a global scale is developing at a high speed.
This article discusses the urgent issue of the study of signatures made by elderly and senile people: first of all, an attempt is made to determine the age boundaries of such concepts as «advanced» and «senile», as well as signs characteristic of signatures made by elderly or senile people are given age, and signs that the artist is trying to reproduce the signature with imitation.
The problematic aspects that have arisen by experts during posthumous handwriting examinations of signatures are revealed, the main of which is the quality and quantity of lifetime free samples of signatures and the handwriting of the deceased. This is due to the fact that it is no longer possible to take experimental samples of signatures and handwriting from a deceased person, and free face samples, due to the peculiarity of the deceased’s life, may be in very limited numbers and may not correspond to the time of writing the document under study.
Finally, the authors come to the conclusion that the methodology developed in 1983 for the forensic investigation of signatures made on behalf of elderly and senile people still remains effective and relevant, allows us to successfully detect the fact that signatures were performed by this category of people, but needs to be improved, experimental research, continuous monitoring of current trends in the physiological and psychological development of man.
FEATURES RESEARCH EXPERTISE IN CASES CONCERNING THE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF THE ACTUAL EXPENDITURES OF THE PENSION FUND FOR THE PAYMENT AND DELIVERY OF OLD-AGE PENSIONS ASSIGNED ON PREFERENTIAL BASIS
Authors: Savchenko I.
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the features of forensic-economic examinations related to documentary evidence of calculations of the actual costs of the Pension Fund for the payment and delivery of preferential pensions. One of the important issues related to the indicated studies is the validity of calculating the costs of reimbursing pension payments and including in this calculation surcharges, allowances and increases that are intended in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine and are paid from other sources than the funds of the Pension Fund.

The article analyzes the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine, which regulate the procedure for reimbursement by the Pension Fund body of the actual costs of payment and delivery of old-age pensions assigned on preferential terms. The categories that are entitled to the granting of old-age pensions on preferential terms are determined, the differences in the calculation of preferential length of service are indicated. including during the period of work in elected posts, during the passage of military service and study for a specialty that gives the right to a pension. It was clarified which of the costs incurred by the Pension Fund of Ukraine are not refundable and indicated the need to determine the monthly amount of the pension, which is refundable. It is noted that the calculation includes the actual expenses incurred by the territorial bodies of the Pension Fund for which these pensions were assigned.

The theoretical and practical aspects of conducting such forensic examinations presented in the article can be used in expert practice in order to optimize expert research.
APPLICABLE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS WHICH REGULATE CONSTRUCTION WORK AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors: Puqacheva L. , Kirillova L. , Kucherenko R.
Published: April 2020

One of the tasks of construction and technical expertise is the definition of technical Possibility of distributing a dwelling house to isolated apartments with separate exits to the land, including the possibility of turning the allocated part of the house into an isolated apartment (premises) by carrying out the necessary construction work on renonstruction, re-planning, re-equipment in accordance with the applicable normative documents. At the same time, questions arise regarding the granting of permits and the procedure for such worksand the order of their execution. The basic requirements of the legislative and normative acts in the field of construction that regulate the execution of construction works, the reconstruction, redevelopment, re-equipment and obtaining the necessary permits for the implementation of the refurbishments proposed by experts in the variants of the distribution of buildings and structures of individual developers between co-owners in accordance with the ideal shares of each and when determining the order of using the premises. Thus, in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of April 13, 2011 № 466 «Some questions of the implementation of preparatory and construction works», to the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Architectural Activities», the Law of Ukraine «On Regulation of Urban Development» (Article 34), the Law of Ukraine № 1817-19 of June 10, 2017 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Improvement of Urban Development Activities» to perform the conversion is possible after the submission by the customer of a notice on the commencement of the execution of civil works State Architecture no-construction inspection or territorial authority at the location of the construction. The provisions of the legislative acts concerning obtaining permits during the conversion of individual dwelling houses, which must be carried out at their distribution for the implementation of the proposed distribution verses, are indicated in the article. They can be used by experts in conducting appraisals on the distribution of residential buildings, which are possible only with the necessary adjustments.
ABOUT CLASSIFICATION ISSUES OF FORENSIC CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Puchko D.
Published: April 2020

Analysis of forensic science practice indicates that object range and number of performed construction and engineering researches are constantly increasing. Considering relevance of this kind of forensic science as for the investigation of criminal proceedings and for other types of legal proceedings, the basic provisions related to the theoretical base formation of forensic construction and engendering examinations in its classification aspect are considered. Currently, the lists of types of forensic examinations and forensic expert area of specializations are valid in Ukraine. According to these lists qualification of a forensic expert is assigned to experts of forensic science institutions the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, as well as to specialists who do not work in state specialized institutions. These Lists are annexes to the Regulation: On Qualification Commissions and Certification of Forensic Experts approved by the No. 301/5 order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated 03.03.2015. According to the specified document, as separate types of forensic examinations, forensic construction engineering, forensic land lot evaluation forensic building evaluation, forensic building evaluation and forensic road examination on corresponding types of expert areas of specialization are recorded. The subject of forensic construction engineering examination and land lot evaluation should be considered factual data and circumstances of the case (production) established on the basis of specialized expertise in construction field having evidentiary value for any type of legal proceedings while research on relevant construction objects: real estate, building materials, structures and related technical documentation. Thus, technical content of construction engineering examinations and forensic land lot evaluations involves forensic construction engineering implementation by examining relevant engineering sites analyzing technical documentation within the subject and tasks of the specified categories of examinations by the relevant subject by applying the appropriate system of research methods. These features distinguish them in independent kinds of forensic science.
LEGAL AND SOCIALLY-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES RELATED TO TRADE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD
Authors: Nazarov O.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the legal and socio-psychological characteristics of crimes related to human trafficking. It is noted that this issue is reflected in various studies. It is believed that about 21 million people may be in slavery at the moment, and the income from this criminal business may be at least $ 32 billion annually. About 11. 7 million people are exploited in the Asia-Pacific region, 3. 7 million in Africa, 1. 8 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1. 6 million in Central and Southeast Europe, and 1 in Europe, 5 million. In the countries of the Middle East, where there is a developed economy of about 600 thousand people. About 63 international non-governmental organizations are involved in solving the problem of human trafficking in the world, accompanying and providing various assistance (social, legal, psychotherapeutic) to victims of human trafficking every day. It is noted that the oldest international human rights organization in the world, which bases its activities on the UN treaties against slavery, is the international organization Anti-Slavery International, founded in 1839 in London, United Kingdom. Painted two types of trafficking. The analysis made it possible to describe the most typical mental states of trafficked persons who are associated with the problem of mental health, namely: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder. It is emphasized that the suffering caused to the injured individual as a result of the physical or mental impact on him by the criminals involved in trafficking in persons will require compensation for the full restoration of the victim’s mental health and the establishment of justice not only in the form of bringing to justice the perpetrators, but also in the form of non-pecuniary compensation for the harm that was inflicted by the serious crime on the victims (men, women, children). Suggestions are made to continue the work on developing a methodology for forensic psychological examination of victims of crimes related to human trafficking.
浅谈污染源废气监测质量控制应注意的几个问题
Authors: 张 桂伟
Published: April 2020

在环境保护工作全面推进的背景下,废气处理问题已经越来越成为了工作的关键,是企业进行三废排放工作的重点处理环节。而对污染源进行废气监测是当前最长应用的手段,是行业发展中必须研究和关注的重点问题。基于此,本文就将对污染源废气监测质量控制中的相关问题展开详细研究。
简析环境污染事故处置中水质应急监测方法
Authors: 朱 健
Published: April 2020

在当前我国经济发展水平全面提升背景下,群众生产生活质量明显提升,这也意味着当前水污染问题的发生概率呈现明显发展趋势,随着水污染严重性的提升,政府和群众都引起了极大的关注。在发生突发性水污染事故的过程中,应急监测是一项不可缺少的重要组成环节,其不仅在事前预防和污染中的检测有着重要作用,对于事故后的恢复而言也有着重要影响。基于此,本文就将对环境污染事故处置中的水质应急监测方法展开详细研究。
The Role of Condensed Tannins in the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics in Ruminant Species: Feeding Type Involved?
Authors: Bueno Ives C. S. , Brandi Roberta A. , Fagundes Gisele M. , Benetel Gabriela , Muir James Pierre
Published: April 2020

Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.
Double-Step Machine Learning Based Procedure for HFOs Detection and Classification
Authors: Sciaraffa Nicolina , Klados Manousos A. , Borghini Gianluca , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Babiloni Fabio , Aricò Pietro
Published: April 2020

The need for automatic detection and classification of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) as biomarkers of the epileptogenic tissue is strongly felt in the clinical field. In this context, the employment of artificial intelligence methods could be the missing piece to achieve this goal. This work proposed a double-step procedure based on machine learning algorithms and tested it on an intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) dataset available online. The first step aimed to define the optimal length for signal segmentation, allowing for an optimal discrimination of segments with HFO relative to those without. In this case, binary classifiers have been tested on a set of energy features. The second step aimed to classify these segments into ripples, fast ripples and fast ripples occurring during ripples. Results suggest that LDA applied to 10 ms segmentation could provide the highest sensitivity (0.874) and 0.776 specificity for the discrimination of HFOs from no-HFO segments. Regarding the three-class classification, non-linear methods provided the highest values (around 90%) in terms of specificity and sensitivity, significantly different to the other three employed algorithms. Therefore, this machine-learning-based procedure could help clinicians to automatically reduce the quantity of irrelevant data.
A Conserved LIR Motif in Connexins Mediates Ubiquitin-Independent Binding to LC3/GABARAP Proteins
Authors: Catarino Steve , Ribeiro-Rodrigues Teresa M , Sá Ferreira Rita , Ramalho José , Abert Christine , Martens Sascha , Girão Henrique
Published: April 2020

Gap junctions (GJ) are specialized cell-cell contacts formed by connexins (Cxs), which provide direct communication between adjacent cells. Cx43 ubiquitination has been suggested to induce the internalization of GJs, as well as the recruitment of the autophagy receptor p62 to mediate binding to LC3B and degradation by macroautophagy. In this report, we describe a functional LC3 interacting region (LIR), present in the amino terminal of most Cx protein family members, which can mediate the autophagy degradation of Cx43 without the need of ubiquitin. Mutation of the LIR motif on Cx37, Cx43, Cx46 and Cx50 impairs interaction with LC3B and GABARAP without compromising protein ubiquitination. Through in vitro protein-protein interaction assays, we demonstrate that this LIR motif is required for the binding of Cx43 to LC3B and GABARAP. Overall, our findings describe an alternative mechanism whereby Cxs interact with LC3/GABARAP proteins, envisioning a new model for the autophagy degradation of connexins.
Interactions between a Buffered Amine Oxide Impregnation Carrier and an Acrylic Resin, and Their Relationship with Moisture
Authors: Pepin Simon , Blanchet Pierre , Landry Véronic
Published: April 2020

Wood used outdoor is subjected to different sources of degradation and should be protected properly. In this study, acrylic resins were added to a wood impregnation system using amine oxides and propiconazole, an organic fungicide, to create a two-part wood protection preservation treatment. Since amine oxides can diffuse readily into wood, this treatment protected both the surface and inner structure of the treated wood following a simple dipping. Many aspects of the treatment were studied: the adhesion of the acrylic coatings, their permeability to water, and the impregnation depth of the propiconazole. In each case, a particular attention was accorded to the interactions between the resins and the impregnation system. Adhesion and permeability tests were coupled with an artificial aging process simulating severely wet conditions. Amine oxides reduced the adhesion of the coatings but did not impair their aging properties. Because of their hydrophilic nature, they also increased the permeability to liquid water, although they did not affect the air moisture permeability. The penetration of the propiconazole, estimated with a dye, decreased with the resin. Overall, the two parts of the treatment lightly impaired each other, but the practical aspect of this treatment may overcome these disadvantages.
Root Traits Determine Variation in Nonstructural Carbohydrates (NSCs) under Different Drought Intensities and Soil Substrates in Three Temperate Tree Species
Authors: Ji Li , Attaullah Khan , Wang Jun , Yu Dapao , Yang Yuchun , Yang Lixue , Lu Zhimin
Published: April 2020

Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) are a key factor in the physiological regulation of plants and can reflect buffering capacity of plants under diverse environmental conditions. The effects of diverse environmental conditions on plant NSCs and tissue or organ scales have been thoroughly studied, but their effects on fine root (root diameter < 2 mm) NSC concentrations are still not completely understood. Our aims were to explore the synergistic fluctuations in root traits and NSC concentrations under diverse environmental conditions. This study was conducted on two-year-old temperate seedling tree species (Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) with different drought intensities and soil substrates. The specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) were significantly affected by drought intensities and soil substrates, while the root tissue density (RTD) and average diameter (AD) were not significantly affected by water intensities and soil substrates in all three species. The root C, N, and P concentration did not change according to drought stress but were significantly affected by the soil substrates in all three species. Similarly, the soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST) concentrations were significantly affected by both the drought stress and the soil substrates in all three species. The AD explained 6.8% of the total variations in soluble sugar, while the SRL explains 32.1% of the total variation in starch. The root tip C, N, and P concentrations were not significantly correlated with NSCs under different treatments. The total variations in root tip morphology, chemistry, and NSC concentrations are greater among species than compared to different drought intensities and soil substrates. However, the root NSC concentrations were closely related to root morphological traits (SRL and AD) rather than chemical traits. On the basis of different soil resources, the species with thinner diameters have higher SS concentrations, while those of a thicker diameter have higher ST concentrations.
Within-Generation Polygenic Selection Shapes Fitness-Related Traits across Environments in Juvenile Sea Bream
Authors: Rey Carine , Darnaude Audrey , Ferraton Franck , Guinand Bruno , Bonhomme François , Bierne Nicolas , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Understanding the genetic underpinnings of fitness trade-offs across spatially variable environments remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In Mediterranean gilthead sea bream, first-year juveniles use various marine and brackish lagoon nursery habitats characterized by a trade-off between food availability and environmental disturbance. Phenotypic differences among juveniles foraging in different habitats rapidly appear after larval settlement, but the relative role of local selection and plasticity in phenotypic variation remains unclear. Here, we combine phenotypic and genetic data to address this question. We first report correlations of opposite signs between growth and condition depending on juvenile habitat type. Then, we use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data obtained by Restriction Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to search for allele frequency changes caused by a single generation of spatially varying selection between habitats. We found evidence for moderate selection operating at multiple loci showing subtle allele frequency shifts between groups of marine and brackish juveniles. We identified subsets of candidate outlier SNPs that, in interaction with habitat type, additively explain up to 3.8% of the variance in juvenile growth and 8.7% in juvenile condition; these SNPs also explained significant fraction of growth rate in an independent larval sample. Our results indicate that selective mortality across environments during early-life stages involves complex trade-offs between alternative growth strategies.
Benzylaminoethyureido-Tailed Benzenesulfonamides: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic and X-ray Investigations on Human Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Ali Majid , Bozdag Murat , Farooq Umar , Angeli Andrea , Carta Fabrizio , Berto Paola , Zanotti Giuseppe , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: April 2020

A drug design strategy of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) belonging to sulfonamides incorporating ureidoethylaminobenzyl tails is presented. A variety of substitution patterns on the ring and the tails, located on para- or meta- positions with respect to the sulfonamide warheads were incorporated in the new compounds. Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX and XII, involving various pathologies, was assessed with the new compounds. Selective inhibitory profile towards hCA II was observed, the most active compounds being low nM inhibitors (KIs of 2.8–9.2 nM, respectively). Extensive X-ray crystallographic analysis of several sulfonamides in an adduct with hCA I allowed an in-depth understanding of their binding mode and to lay a detailed structure-activity relationship.
Landscape as Digital Content and a Smart Tourism Resource in the Mining Area of Cartagena-La Unión (Spain)
Authors: Pardo Abad Carlos J. , Fernández Álvarez José
Published: April 2020

This research makes a highly relevant contribution to the scientific analysis of the mining landscape using the example of Cartagena-La Unión (Spain). The landscape is interpreted from a twin perspective: as a type of digital content offered to visitors and as a highly valuable scenic tourism resource. The article features an extensive bibliographical review and offers different perspectives on the relationship between landscape, tourism, and smart promotion. The method used is both qualitative and quantitative due to the presentation of statistical data. It describes a purpose-designed form used for analyzing the landscape in question and a synthetic landscape assessment index, as a result of creating and using different indicators. Extensive field work and consultation with several sources provided information about the enclave, how much it appeals to visitors, and their level of satisfaction. The results achieved offer a new scientific vision of what a spectacular cultural landscape, and a point of reference for “mining heritage tourism”, can represent.
Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Copper Coatings Electrodeposited by Pulsating Current (PC) Regime on Si(111)
Authors: Mladenović Ivana O. , Lamovec Jelena S. , Vasiljević Radović Dana G. , Vasilić Rastko , Radojević Vesna J. , Nikolić Nebojša D.
Published: April 2020

Copper electrodeposition on (111)-oriented Si substrate was performed by the pulsating current (PC) regime at various average current densities in the range of 15–70 mA·cm−2, obtained by varying either the frequency (30, 50, 80 and 100 Hz for the current density amplitude of 100 mA·cm−2) or the current density amplitude (120 and 140 mA·cm−2 at 100 Hz). The produced Cu coatings were examined by SEM, AFM and XRD techniques. The morphology of the coatings changed from those with large grains to fine-grained and globular, while the crystal structure changed from the strong (220) to the strong (111) preferred orientation by increasing the average current density. The mechanical characteristics of coatings were examined using Vickers micro-indentation tests, applying the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model for the analysis of microhardness. The maximum microhardness was obtained for the Cu coating produced at an average current density of 50 mA·cm−2, with a current density amplitude of 100 mA·cm−2 and a frequency of 100 Hz. This copper coating was fine-grained and showed the smallest roughness in relation to the other coatings, and it was obtained in the mixed activation–diffusion control between the end of the effect of the activation control and the beginning of the dominant effect of diffusion control.
Towards Consistent Interpretations of Coal Geochemistry Data on Whole-Coal versus Ash Bases through Machine Learning
Authors: Xu Na , Peng Mengmeng , Li Qing , Xu Chuanpeng
Published: April 2020

Coal geochemistry compositional data on whole-coal basis can be converted back to ash basis based on samples’ loss on ignition. However, the correlation between the concentrations of elements reported on whole-coal versus ash bases in many cases is inconsistent. Traditional statistical methods (e.g., correlation analysis) for compositional data on both bases may sometimes result in misleading results. To address this issue, we hereby propose an improved additive log-ratio data transformation method for analyzing the correlation between element concentrations reported on whole-coal versus ash bases. To verify the validity of the method proposed in this study, a data set which contains comprehensive analyses of 106 Late Paleozoic coal samples from the Datanhao mine and Adaohai Mine, Inner Mongolia, China, is used for the validity testing. A prediction model was built for performance evaluation of two methods based on the hierarchical clustering algorithm. The results show that the improved additive log-ratio is more effective in prediction for occurrence modes of elements in coal than the previously reported stability method, and therefore can be adopted for consistent interpretations of coal geochemistry compositional data on whole-coal vs. ash bases.
Multi-Scale Analysis and Testing of Tensile Behavior in Polymers with Randomly Oriented and Agglomerated Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Narita Fumio , Wang Yinli , Kurita Hiroki , Suzuki Masashi
Published: April 2020

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has been accepted as a valid nanofiller that can improve the mechanical properties of composite materials by mechanical and chemical methods. The purpose of this work is to numerically and experimentally evaluate the mechanical behavior of CNF-reinforced polymer composites under tensile loading. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using a model for the representative volume element of CNF/epoxy composites to determine the effective Young’s modulus and the stress state within the composites. The possible random orientation of the CNFs was considered in the finite element model. Tensile tests were also conducted on the CNF/epoxy composites to identify the effect of CNFs on their tensile behavior. The numerical findings were then correlated with the test results. The present randomly oriented CNF/epoxy composite model provides a means for exploring the property interactions across different length scales.
Topical Delivery of Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Microemulsion for Skin Regeneration
Authors: Ryu Kyeong-A , Park Phil June , Kim Seong-Bo , Bin Bum-Ho , Jang Dong-Jin , Kim Sung Tae
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) microemulsion system with improved solubility, penetration, and wound healing efficacy. Based on the pseudo-ternary diagram, microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate (IPM), Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP were selected and confirmed to be nanosized (<20 nm) and thermodynamically stable based on the dilution and thermodynamic stability tests. The CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with a surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 2:1 (w/w %) demonstrated a higher permeation efficacy compared to microemulsions with S/CoS ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 (w/w %). Additionally, the CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with an S/CoS ratio of 2:1 demonstrated a relatively rapid wound healing effect in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Overall, these data suggest that a microemulsion based on IPM, Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP could be an effective vehicle for the topical administration of CoQ10 and could be utilized for the application of other therapeutic agents that have difficulty in penetrating the skin.
Polymer Injectivity Test Design Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Alzaabi Mohamed Adel , Gausdal Jacobsen Jørgen , Masalmeh Shehadeh , Al Sumaiti Ali , Pettersen Øystein , Skauge Arne
Published: April 2020

Polymer flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process, which has received increasing interest in the industry. In this process, water-soluble polymers are used to increase injected water viscosity in order to improve mobility ratio and hence improve reservoir sweep. Polymer solutions are non-Newtonian fluids, i.e., their viscosities are shear dependent. Polymers may exhibit an increase in viscosity at high shear rates in porous media, which can cause injectivity loss. In contrast, at low shear rates they may observe viscosity loss and hence enhance the injectivity. Therefore, due to the complex non-Newtonian rheology of polymers, it is necessary to optimize the design of polymer injectivity tests in order to improve our understanding of the rheology behavior and enhance the design of polymer flood projects. This study has been addressing what information that can be gained from polymer injectivity tests, and how to design the test for maximizing information. The main source of information in the field is from the injection bottom-hole pressure (BHP). Simulation studies have analyzed the response of different non-Newtonian rheology on BHP with variations of rate and time. The results have shown that BHP from injectivity tests can be used to detect in-situ polymer rheology.
Cellulose Nanofibers Isolated from the Cuscuta Reflexa Plant as a Green Reinforcement of Natural Rubber
Authors: Dominic C.D. Midhun , Joseph Rani , Begum P.M. Sabura , Joseph Meera , Padmanabhan Dileep , Morris Leonna Angela , Kumar Athira S , Formela Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

In the present work, we used the steam explosion method for the isolation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from Cuscuta reflexa, a parasitic plant commonly seen in Kerala and we evaluated its reinforcing efficiency in natural rubber (NR). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques indicated that type I cellulose nanofibers, with diameter: 10–30 nm and a 67% crystallinity index were obtained by the proposed method. The results showed that application of CNF in NR based nanocomposites resulted in significant improvement of their processing and performance properties. It was observed that the tensile strength and tear strength of NR/CNF nanocomposites are found to be a maximum at 2 phr CNF loading, which corresponds with the studies of equilibrium swelling behavior. Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and morphological studies of tensile fractured samples also confirm that CNF isolated from Cuscuta reflexa plant can be considered as a promising green reinforcement for rubbers.
SiO2 NPs-PQ/PMMA Photopolymer Material Doped with a High-Concentration Photosensitizer for Holographic Storage
Authors: Liu Ying , Fan Fenglan , Tan Xiaodi
Published: April 2020

Dispersing nanoparticles and increasing the photosensitizer concentration have been regarded as effective approaches for improving the performance of a holographic storage material. In this paper, SiO2 nanoparticle (NP)-dispersed PQ/PMMA nanocomposite material (SiO2 NP-PQ/PMMA) with a high PQ doping concentration was prepared. By introducing the co-monomer methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) that comes from an SiO2 NP colloidal solution, the concentration of PQ in the system increased to 1.2 wt %. We investigated the performance of polarization holographic recordings in both traditional PQ/PMMA and nanocomposite material SiO2 NP-PQ/PMMA with the orthogonally polarized signal and reference waves. With the dispersion of the SiO2 NPs colloidal solution and the increase in the PQ concentration, diffraction efficiency and photoinduced birefringence were multiplied. In addition, high-quality holographic image reconstruction was achieved by our homemade material.
Evaluation of Different Compatibilization Strategies to Improve the Performance of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces Made of Polylactide Reinforced with Short Flaxseed Fibers
Authors: Agüero Ángel , Garcia-Sanoguera David , Lascano Diego , Rojas-Lema Sandra , Ivorra-Martinez Juan , Fenollar Octavio , Torres-Giner Sergio
Published: April 2020

Green composites made of polylactide (PLA) and short flaxseed fibers (FFs) at 20 wt % were successfully compounded by twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and subsequently shaped into pieces by injection molding. The linen waste derived FFs were subjected to an alkalization pretreatment to remove impurities, improve the fiber surface quality, and make the fibers more hydrophobic. The alkali-pretreated FFs successfully reinforced PLA, leading to green composite pieces with higher mechanical strength. However, the pieces also showed lower ductility and toughness and the lignocellulosic fibers easily detached during fracture due to the absence or low interfacial adhesion with the biopolyester matrix. Therefore, four different compatibilization strategies were carried out to enhance the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. These routes consisted on the silanization of the alkalized FFs with a glycidyl silane, namely (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and the reactive extrusion (REX) with three compatibilizers, namely a multi-functional epoxy-based styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAO), a random copolymer of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA), and maleinized linseed oil (MLO). The results showed that all the here-tested compatibilizers improved mechanical strength, ductility, and toughness as well as the thermal stability and thermomechanical properties of the green composite pieces. The highest interfacial adhesion was observed in the green composite pieces containing the silanized fibers. Interestingly, PS-co-GMA and, more intensely, ESAO yielded the pieces with the highest mechanical performance due to the higher reactivity of these additives with both composite components and their chain-extension action, whereas MLO led to the most ductile pieces due to its secondary role as plasticizer for PLA.
Zircônia: desafio do processo de tratamento de superfície
Authors: Furtado de Carvalho Rodrigo , Rocha Rodrigues Murilo , Cotes Marinho Caroline , Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra Guilherme , José de Arruda Paes Junior Tarcísio , Tomomitsu Kimpara Estevão
Published: April 2020

Introdução: As cerâmicas odontológicas têm sido utilizadas como materiais restauradores desde 1770 por apresentarem propriedades estéticas semelhantes aos dentes naturais. A busca por procedimentos que visem aumentar a adesão entre zircônia, uma cerâmica policristalina, e agente cimentante, é um desafio e tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de diversos estudos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é discutir os diferentes tipos de tratamentos de superfície preconizados para zircônia estabilizada com ítria (Y-TZP), bem como as vantagens e desvantagens descritas na literatura. Materiais e métodos: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura realizada de artigos científicos publicados entre 2003 e 2019, indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed e Scielo. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “tratamento de superfície da zircônia”, “tratamento de superfície Y-TZP”, “agente cimentante para zircônia”, “agente cimentante para Y-TZP”, “adesão à zircônia” e “adesão à Y-TZP”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 413 artigos que contemplavam pelo menos um dos critérios de inclusão registrados. No entanto, foram utilizados os dados de um total de 69 artigos que contemplavam todos os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Os protocolos de tratamento de superfície relatados ainda apresentam limitações quanto ao comportamento de longo prazo da resistência de união. No entanto, quando as características do preparo não são favoráveis à retenção, o jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 revestidas com sílica (30μm) deve ser utilizado, sendo menos agressivo à cerâmica que outros protocolos de jateamento descritos. Quanto ao agente cimentante, recomenda-se sempre o uso de cimentos resinosos que apresentem MDP em sua composição, uma vez que proporcionam ligações químicas estáveis e comportamento adesivo duradouro.
Fabrication of surface nano composites of Al/B4C at selected regions by Friction stir processing
Authors: Yuvaraj N
Published: April 2020

Friction stir Processing is an important surface modifying technique to produce composite surface layer. This paper evaluates the effect of tool rotational speed, traverse speed and shoulder diameter on hardness and wear behavior of Al-B4C surface nano composite produced by FSP method. A Five level rotatable central composite design is used to predict the optimum input process parameters to fabricate the sound composite layer. Response surface methodology (RSM) Technique was used for analyzing the relationship between responses and process parameters. The results revealed that the shoulder diameter has more influence on achieving maximum hardness and wear resistance. To study the wear mechanisms, the selected wear worn
out samples are analyzed through SEM studies
Results of the infrasonic array on the Valaam Island primary data processing
Authors: Karpinsky Vladimir , Asming Vladimir
Published: April 2020

The infrasound array VALS developed in Kola Branch GS RAS has been installed in June 2016 on the Valaam Island in addition to the continuously operating seismic station VALR. The array consists of 3 spaced low-frequency microphones. The data with a sampling rate of 100 Hz is stored continuously at the acquisition computer; the timing is carried out using GPS. In addition to the acquisition system, an infrasound signal detector is installed on the computer. It works in near real-time mode and enables us to find signals and compute their back azimuths. At the end of 2018, a new version of the detector was developed at the Kola Branch GS RAS. The detector began to work much faster, which enabled us to carry out data processing for 2.5 years in two frequency ranges in a short time. The main task of the array is acoustic monitoring, the detection of infrasound events, the determination of their parameters, and the selection of events of natural origin. The data are also used (in combination with the VALR seismic station data) to locate near seismic events, especially weak ones. The analysis of the obtained data revealed the prevailing directions to the signal sources. The change of directions to sources in time was investigated, seasonal features were revealed. Acoustic events were detected in the frequency bands 1–5 Hz and 10–20 Hz, and a significant difference was found in the azimuthal distribution of events for these ranges. A joint analysis of acoustic and seismic data showed that the part of events with both acoustic and seismic components is low – it is almost completely exhausted by career explosions. It was also noted that in addition to explosions in nearby quarries (Kuznechnoye, Pitkäranta) located at a distance of 50–60 km, according to acoustic data, events corresponding to explosions at quarries located at a distance of 100 km or more were repeatedly identified.
Projeto “Animar Sem Quedas”
Authors: Azevedo Maria Lucia Gonzaga , Brêtas Angela
Published: April 2020

Além da prática de exercícios físicos, a participação em atividades de lazer pode contribuir com uma vida mais saudável para os indivíduos. Com o intuito de tecer reflexões acerca dessas temáticas, o objetivo deste estudo é discutir como o Projeto Animar sem Quedas tem contribuído com a vida de quem o vivencia, no sentido de identificar possíveis transformações a partir da participação neste projeto. A opção metodológica foi a técnica do grupo focal, uma técnica de pesquisa qualitativa, que obtém dados a partir de reuniões em grupo. Partindo dos resultados identificados, destacamos que, para os idosos, usufruir de boa saúde é atribuído aos benefícios que a prática de exercícios físicos lhes proporciona e que as atividades de lazer contribuem para aumentar sua autoestima, pois se sentem reinseridos na sociedade, e assim, mais felizes, valorizados e respeitados.
Aportes de la Recreación en la Apropiación del Espacio Público
Authors: Cortés Astrid Bibiana Rodríguez
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo busca visibilizar los aportes que hacen la recreación en la construcción de un espacio público accesible, integrador y placentero, siendo este base estructural de una buena calidad de vida. El uso del espacio público con actividades recreo-deportivas crea lazos físicos y simbólicos entre el espacio y las personas, además de fomentar el encuentro social, la participación ciudadana y el cuidado ambiental. Desde esta perspectiva se analiza la Ciclovía de la ciudad de Bogotá, un espacio público de recreación masivo que ha promovido la integración ciudadana y la convivencia social. Este espacio usa como mediación la actividad física y la recreación para incentivar la ciudadanía activa. Administrada por el Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte, la Ciclovía, además de convertirse en baluarte de la capital colombiana, también ha sido ejemplo de “buenas prácticas”, su modelo se ha replicado en diversos lugares de América. Pese a que se ha logrado señalar los beneficios de los programas masivos de recreación y deporte en la calidad de vida de los bogotanos, la inversión económica en este campo sigue siendo insuficiente. Por tanto, es primordial generar indicadores sociales que sustenten la necesidad de una mayor inversión  así como evidenciar aún más los aportes de este campo en la construcción de espacios públicos colectivos que interpelan la propuesta de ciudades atomizadas y ciudadanos atemorizados e individualistas.
Pengaruh waktu aplikasi dan konsentrasi penambahan sari buah jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava L.) terhadap kefir susu kambing
Authors: Rahayu Wiwik Endah , Sa’diyah Siti Halimatu , Romalasari Atika
Published: April 2020

Red guava is generally processed into fruit juice. Fruit juice can be used as an additional ingredient in making goat milk kefir to increase public interest in goat milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of application time and concentration of addition of red guava juice on levels of TAT, vitamin C, pH and hedonic kefir test. The research method used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments 3 replications. The treatments given are giving fruit juice before fermentation with 10% concentration (P1), giving fruit juice before fermentation with 30% concentration (P2), giving fruit juice after fermentation with 10% concentration (P3) and giving fruit juice after fermentation with 30% concentration (P4). Data analysis for TAT, vitamin C, pH and hedonic test parameters analyzed by ANOVA followed by duncan tests. Application time and concentration of addition of red guava juice have a significant effect on TAT, Vitamin C and pH.. Based on the hedonic test results, the combination of adding fruit juice after fermentation with 30% concentration has the highest value with a color test value of 3.55 (like moderately), aroma 2.98 (neither like), a taste of 3.53 (like moderately), thickness of 3.29 (neither like) and overall like 3,6 (like moderately). Addition of juice after fermentation with a concentration of 30% has TAT ​​(1.65%), Vitamin C (94.13 mg) and pH (4.00).