bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domain dynamics in coercive-field engineered sub-µm periodically poled Rb-doped KTiOPO4
Authors: Mutter Patrick , Zukauskas Andrius , Canalias Carlota
Published: September 2022

Nonlinear optical interactions involving counter-propagating photons are of great interest for both classical and quantum optical applications. However, their use is sparsely spread due to the fact that they require quasi-phase-matched devices with sub-µm periods. A recent breakthrough has been the fabrication of bulk sub-µm domain gratings in Rb-doped KTiOPO4 by creating a grating of low- and high- coercive field regions in the crystal via periodic ion exchange, so-called coercive-field engineering. Here, we investigate the physical mechanisms behind this method and study the interplay between the ion-exchanged grating properties and the ferroelectric domain dynamics. Furthermore, we investigate the scalability of the method by studying the domain morphology of sub-µm periodically poled crystals with periods ranging from 755 to 433 nm and correlating it to that of the ion-exchanged regions. We show that the formation of sub-µm domain gratings is governed by the depth, shape, and critical ion-concentration of the ion-exchanged volume and that it is independent of the poling period. These findings are crucial for further scaling the coercive field engineering technique to even shorter poling periods and larger aperture periodically poled crystals.
Factors associated with receipt of a timely infant birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine at a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Bada Florence O. , Stafford Kristen A. , Osawe Sophia , Wilson Eleanor , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Chen Hegang , Abimiku Alash’le , Campbell James D.
Published: September 2022

The World Health Organization recommends universal vaccination of medically stable infants with Hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the proportion of infants who receive a timely birth dose is extremely low in Nigeria. We reviewed the implementation of an infant HBV vaccine schedule at a single center and identified factors affecting the receipt of a timely birth dose of HBV vaccine. We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the INFANT study, a 2013–2017 prospective cohort study of pregnant women with and without HIV and their infants We utilized bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to assess if maternal characteristics, or the day of the week on which the infant was born were significantly associated with timely receipt of a birth dose of HBV vaccine. Receipt of HBV vaccine on the day of birth or the following calendar day were considered a timely birth dose. Among 409 infants in our cohort, 133 infants (33%) received a timely birth dose of HBV vaccine. Only the day of the week on which infants were born was significant (p<0.0001): when compared to Friday, infants born Monday through Thursday had significantly higher odds of receiving a timely birth dose, while infants born on a Saturday or Sunday had similar (low) odds. We found no association between maternal age, education, marital status, HIV status, parity and mode of delivery, and infant receipt of a timely birth dose of HBV vaccine. National immunization programs could improve timely HBV birth dose rates by providing access to vaccine immediately following birth at all infant delivery venues on all days of the week. Where not possible, there should be rapid linkage to the nearest facility where HBV vaccination is immediately available.
Acceptability measures of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in low- and middle-income countries, a systematic review
Authors: Hosking Rose , O’Connor Suji Y , Wangdi Kinley , Kurscheid Johanna , Lal Aparna
Published: September 2022

Background

Inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is an environmental risk factor for poor health outcomes globally, particularly for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Despite technological advancements, many interventions aimed at improving WASH access return less than optimal results on long term impact, efficacy and sustainability. Research focus in the ‘WASH sector’ has recently expanded from investigating ‘which interventions work’ to ‘how they are best implemented’. The ‘acceptability’ of an intervention is a key component of implementation that can influence initial uptake and sustained use. Acceptability assessments are increasingly common for health interventions in clinical settings. A broad scale assessment of how acceptability has been measured in the WASH sector, however, has not yet been conducted.

Methods/Principal findings

We conducted a systematic literature review of intervention studies published between 1990 and 2021 that evaluated the acceptability of WASH interventions in LMIC settings. Using an implementation science approach, focused outcomes included how acceptability was measured and defined, and the timing of acceptability assessment. We conducted quality assessment for all included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomised studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomised studies.

Of the 1238 records; 36 studies were included for the analysis, 22 of which were non-randomized interventions and 16 randomized or cluster-randomized trials. We found that among the 36 studies, four explicitly defined their acceptability measure, and six used a behavioural framework to inform their acceptability study design. There were few acceptability evaluations in schools and healthcare facilities. While all studies reported measuring WASH acceptability, the measures were often not comparable or described.

Conclusions

As focus in WASH research shifts towards implementation, a consistent approach to including, defining, and measuring acceptability is needed.
Health-seeking behaviour, referral patterns and associated factors among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in Ghana: A cross-sectional mixed method study
Authors: Amissah-Arthur Maame-Boatemaa , Gyaban-Mensah Anna , Boima Vincent , Yorke Ernest , Dey Dzifa , Ganu Vincent , Mate-Kole Charles
Published: September 2022

Background

Challenges exist in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases in low and middle income countries due to factors, such as poverty and under-resourced healthcare infrastructure. Furthermore, other contributory factors such as societal, cultural and religious practices influence health seeking behaviour which has a bearing on access and delivery of healthcare.

Objectives

To examine the health seeking behaviour and referral patterns of Ghanaian patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and assess the associated factors that influence these.

Method

A cross-sectional study using an explanatory sequential mixed method design was carried out in a Rheumatology clinic at a national referral centre. 110 participants were purposively recruited for the quantitative phase. The qualitative phase comprised 10 participants for in-depth interviews and 10 participants for a focus group discussion. Analysis using descriptive statistics, t-tests and logistic regression models were performed. Transcripts generated from the interviews and focused group discussion were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Median duration from onset of symptoms until seeking help was 1 week (IQR = 12); from seeking help until obtaining a final diagnosis was 12 months (IQR = 33). Multiple factors determined the choice of first facility visited, X2(12, N = 107) = 32.29, p = .001. Only twenty-one participants (19.6%) had knowledge of their disease prior to diagnosis. Education predicted prior knowledge [OR = 2.6 (95% CI = .66–10.12), p < .021]. Unemployed participants had increased odds of seeking help after a month compared to those who were employed [Odds ratio = 2.60 (95% CI = 1.14–5.90), p = .02]. Knowledge of autoimmune rheumatic diseases was low with multiple causative factors such as biomedical, environmental and spiritual causes determining where patients accessed care. Forty (36.4%) participants utilised complementary and alternative treatment options.

Conclusion

We observed that knowledge about autoimmune rheumatic diseases among Ghanaian patients was low. Patients sought help from numerous medical facilities, traditional healers and prayer camps often contributing to a delay in diagnosis for most patients. This was influenced by individual perceptions, cultural beliefs and socioeconomic status. Active awareness and educational programmes for the public and healthcare workers are required, as well as strategic planning to integrate the biomedical and traditional care services to enable earlier presentation, accurate diagnosis and better clinical outcomes for the patients.
Use of common blood parameters for the differential diagnosis of childhood infections
Authors: Wang Weiying , Li Shu Hua
Published: September 2022

Background

Routine laboratory investigations are not rapidly available to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of pediatric acute infections. Our objective was to evaluate some common blood parameters and use them for the differential diagnosis of childhood infections.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, China. We performed blood tests in patients infected with DNA viruses (n = 402), RNA viruses (n = 602), gram-positive organisms (G+; n = 421), gram-negative organisms (G−; n = 613), or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 387), as well as in children without infection (n = 277). The diagnostic utility of blood parameters to diagnose various infections was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The most common G+ organism, G− organism, and virus were Streptococcus pneumoniae (39.7%), Salmonella typhimurium (18.9%), and influenza A virus (40.2%), respectively. The value of logit (P) = 0.003 × C-reactive protein (CRP) − 0.011 × hemoglobin (HGB) + 0.001 × platelets (PLT) was significantly different between the control, RNA virus, DNA virus, M. pneumoniae, G− organism, and G+ organism groups (2.46 [95% CI, 2.41–2.52], 2.60 [2.58–2.62], 2.70 [2.67–2.72], 2.78 [2.76–2.81], 2.88 [2.85–2.91], and 2.97 [2.93–3.00], respectively; p = 0.00 for all). The logistic regression‐based model showed significantly greater accuracy than the best single discriminatory marker for each group (logit [Pinfection] vs. CRP, 0.90 vs. 0.84, respectively; logit [PRNA] vs. lymphocytes, 0.83 vs. 0.77, respectively; p = 0.00). The area under curve values were 0.72 (0.70–0.74) for HGB and 0.81 (0.79–0.82) for logit (Pvirus/bacteria) to diagnose bacterial infections, whereas they were 0.72 (0.68–0.74) for eosinophils and 0.80 (0.78–0.82) for logit (Pvirus/bacteria) to diagnose viral infections. Logit (Pvirus/bacteria) < −0.45 discriminated bacterial from viral infection with 78.9% specificity and 70.7% sensitivity.

Conclusions

The combination of CRP, HGB, PLT, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts can distinguish between the infectious pathogens in children.
Millimeter-scale topography facilitates coral larval settlement in wave-driven oscillatory flow
Authors: Levenstein Mark A. , Gysbers Daniel J. , Marhaver Kristen L. , Kattom Sameh , Tichy Lucas , Quinlan Zachary , Tholen Haley M. , Wegley Kelly Linda , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Wagoner Johnson Amy J. , Juarez Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Larval settlement in wave-dominated, nearshore environments is the most critical life stage for a vast array of marine invertebrates, yet it is poorly understood and virtually impossible to observe in situ. Using a custom-built flume tank that mimics the oscillatory fluid flow over a shallow coral reef, we isolated the effect of millimeter-scale benthic topography and showed that it increases the settlement of slow-swimming coral larvae by an order of magnitude relative to flat substrates. Particle tracking velocimetry of flow fields revealed that millimeter-scale ridges introduced regions of flow recirculation that redirected larvae toward the substrate surface and decreased the local fluid speed, effectively increasing the window of time for larvae to settle. Regions of recirculation were quantified using the Q-criterion method of vortex identification and correlated with the settlement locations of larvae for the first time. In agreement with experiments, computational fluid dynamics modeling and agent-based larval simulations also showed significantly higher settlement onto ridged substrates. Additionally, in contrast to previous reports on the effect of micro-scale substrate topography, we found that these topographies did not produce key hydrodynamic features linked to increased settlement. These findings highlight how physics-based substrate design can create new opportunities to increase larval recruitment for ecosystem restoration.
Diminishing clinical impact for post-approval cancer clinical trials: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ouimet Charlotte , Bouche Gauthier , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Background

Once a drug gets FDA approved, researchers often attempt to discover new applications in different indications. The clinical impact of such post-approval activities is uncertain. We aimed to compare the clinical impact of research efforts started after approval with those started before for cancer drugs.

Methods

We used Drugs@FDA to perform a retrospective cohort study of secondary approvals for cancer drugs that were initially FDA approved between 2005 and 2017. Clinicaltrials.gov was used to identify the beginning of each research trajectory that resulted in a secondary FDA approval. Each trajectory was classified as pre- or post-approval depending on if it was initiated before or after initial drug licensure. Clinical impact was assessed by comparing secondary approvals and NCCN off-label recommendations deriving from pre- vs. post-approval trajectories, pooled effect sizes, incidence, and level of evidence.

Results

We identified 77 broad secondary approvals, 60 of which had at least 6 years follow-up. Of these, 9 (15%) resulted from post-approval trajectories, a proportion that is significantly lower than would be expected if the timing of research didn’t impact approval (McNemar’s test p = 0.001). Compared to pre-approval trajectories, approvals resulting from post-approval trajectories were for cancers with lower mean incidence (6.11 vs 14.83, p = 0.006) and were based on pivotal trials with smaller pooled effect sizes (0.69 vs 0.57, p = 0.02) that were less likely to be randomized (38.5% vs 64.1%, p = 0.145). We identified 69 NCCN off-label recommendations. The proportion stemming from post-approval trajectories was similar to that for pre-approval (56.5% vs. 43.5%). However, recommendations from post-approval trajectories were significantly more likely to involve rare diseases (76.7% vs 51.4%, p = 0.019) and nonsignificantly less likely to be based on level 1 evidence (11.6% vs 22.9%, p = 0.309).

Conclusion

Secondary FDA approvals are less likely to result from post-approval trajectories and tend to be less impactful compared to approvals originating from research started before first FDA licensure. However, post-approval trajectories may be as likely to lead to NCCN recommendations for off-label use. Limitations of this work include our use of indirect measures of impact and limited follow-up time for trajectories. Our study protocol was pre-registered (https://osf.io/5g3jw/).
Defining explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Gerard Erwin , Quindroit Paul , Lemaitre Madleen , Robert Laurine , Gautier Sophie , Decaudin Bertrand , Vambergue Anne , Beuscart Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) of antidiabetic drugs (ADs) (PIPADs) to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported in some studies. The detection of PIPs in electronic databases requires the development of explicit definitions. This approach is widely used in geriatrics but has not been extended to PIPADs in diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present literature review was to identify all explicit definitions of PIPADs in patients with T2DM.

Materials and methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature listed on Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and, Embase between 2010 and 2021. The query included a combination of three concepts ("T2DM" AND "PIPs" AND "ADs") and featured a total of 86 keywords. Two independent reviewers selected publications, extracted explicit definitions of PIPADs, and then classified the definitions by therapeutic class and organ class.

Results

Of the 4,093 screened publications, 39 were included. In all, 171 mentions of PIPADs (corresponding to 56 unique explicit definitions) were identified. More than 50% of the definitions were related to either metformin (34%) or sulfonylureas (29%). More than 75% of the definitions were related to either abnormal renal function (56%) or age (22%). In addition, 20% (n = 35) mentions stated that biguanides were inappropriate in patients with renal dysfunction and 17.5% (n = 30) stated that sulfonylureas were inappropriate above a certain age. The definitions of PIPADs were heterogeneous and had various degrees of precision.

Conclusion

Our results showed that researchers focused primarily on the at-risk situations related to biguanide prescriptions in patients with renal dysfunction and the prescription of sulfonylureas to older people. Our systematic review of the literature revealed a lack of consensus on explicit definitions of PIPADs, which were heterogeneous and limited (in most cases) to a small number of drugs and clinical situations.
Para uma modelagem das formas prosódicas dos Marcadores Discursivos
Authors: Raso Tommaso , Rilliard Albert , Mendes Santos Saulo
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem um objetivo duplo: (i) avançar uma proposta para a identificação da categoria de Marcador Discursivo (MD), mostrando que as marcas formais do MD são de natureza prosódica e também capazes de distinguir cerca de seis diferentes funções de natureza interacional veiculadas pelos MDs. Se descrevem tanto as características prosódicas responsáveis para a identificação de um MD quanto as formas prosódicas que veiculam cada tipo de função comunicativa dentro da categoria maior de MD; (ii) mostrar detalhes da metodologia que em maior medida será adotada para modelizar essas unidades e permitir uma extração automática a partir de novos dados. Ela é apresentada com uma reflexão estatístico computacional que a justifica.
Aprender, só com afeto
Authors: Lima Luciano Castro , Moises Roberto Perides
Published: September 2022

Neste volume da coleção Docência em formação, da Cortez Editora, estão sistematizados os conceitos e as definições considerados necessários para fundamentar o currículo de matemática, na visão dos autores. “Eu e a totalidade, “A comunidade”, “A produção”, “O concreto pensado”, “O coletivo”, “O erro”, “O algoritmo”, ‘O cálculo numérico”, “A álgebra” e “O pensar” são alguns títulos dos capítulos do livro. Ao final de cada um sugerimos temas para debates entre os leitores. Um livro de matemática educativa com uma abordagem diferente e que, por isso, se propõe a trazer para o centro da educação a busca pelos que é fundamental.
Resumo - Vivência e constituição de sentidos sobre a educação: um estudo com jovens egressos do ensino médio (Tese de Doutorado em Psicologia)
Authors: Melo Letícia Cavalieri Beiser de
Published: September 2022

Ancoradas no referencial teórico da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, que defende a importância dos processos educativos formais para o desenvolvimento dos sujeitos, ao afirmar que eles ocorrem a partir da aprendizagem de cada indivíduo em sua ontologia, a pesquisa realizada e apresentada neste resumo teve como objetivo investigar as vivências que compõem a história escolar de jovens egressos do ensino médio para entender a constituição dos sentidos pessoais sobre a educação. Para desvelar as relações essenciais, ou seja, o que não é aparente no processo de formação dos sentidos, nosso trabalho se organizou a partir do método do materialismo histórico-dialético, já que pretendíamos reconstruir por meio das abstrações os nexos entre as vivências e os sentidos pessoais. Destacamos o valor desse método para a realização de estudos da psicologia, visto que, por meio dele, podemos superar “o hiperdimensionamento da subjetividade e sua perda de articulação com a objetividade que o resgate marxiano da centralidade da objetividade permite superar” (TONET, 2013, p. 99). Além disso, tal caminho epistemológico permite a leitura da processualidade inerente ao desenvolvimento do psiquismo, conforme preconiza a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Destacamos que tais princípios nortearam o processo da pesquisa, o caminho percorrido na elaboração deste estudo de caráter teórico e empírico.
A verdade inconveniente que ninguém vê
Authors: Couto Andreia Terzariol
Published: September 2022

O tema central deste trabalho é uma leitura da questão ambiental brasileira, a partir da contribuição teórica de Paulo Freire. Para desenvolver e ambientar a discussão, coloca-se como fio condutor o debate em torno dos recursos hídricos e sobre seu uso racional, analisando três linhas de ação para a conscientização: a) o poder público, através de políticas públicas e de gestão ambiental; b) a educação ambiental como forma de frear o rápido esgotamento dos recursos naturais e de mitigar a devastação; c) a mídia, como promotora de pautas ambientais através da adoção de um engajamento em torno do tema.
The Effect of Intangible Asset Value, Sustainable Growth Rate, Return on Equity, and Dividend Payout Ratio on Company Market Value
Authors: Zaymin Haidarullah , Berakon Izra
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of intangible asset value, sustainable growth rate, return on equity, and dividend payout ratio on the company's market value with firm age, firm size, and industry classification as control variables.

Methodology: The research sample this time is 20 manufacturing companies. The method used in this study is panel data regression with model feasibility testing, this study uses the Fixed Effect Model as the best model in the study.

Findings: The test results before and after using the control variables found that the variable value of intangible assets and dividend payout ratio had a significant positive effect on the market value of the company. Meanwhile, the variables of sustainable growth rate and return on equity do not affect the company's market value both before and after using the control variable.

Novelty: This study continues previous research by using a different population, adding independent and control variables and using the manufacturing sector.
The Structure of Common Sense and Its Relation to Engagement and Social Change – A Pragmatist Account
Authors: Prodanović Srđan
Published: September 2022

There are three approaches one can take toward the epistemic value of common sense. The pessimists will argue that common sense, due to its intrinsic tendency to reproduce prejudice and ideology, should somehow be displaced. Conversely, the optimist will maintain that common sense is a valuable type of knowledge because it prevents us from overlooking evident practical problems. This article aims to show that (a) neither of these two widespread accounts can explain why public invocation of common sense is, in fact, a reliable indicator that the reproduction of norms and rules of a given society is in crisis, and is therefore essentially a call for social engagement. And, more importantly, that (b) only the third, pragmatist approach to common sense can provide insight into its structure. This more diversified and interdisciplinary view can, in turn, shed new light on the relation between everyday knowledge and social theory.
The Importance of Semantic Network Brain Regions in Integrating Prior Knowledge with an Ongoing Dialogue
Authors: Raykov Petar P. , Keidel James L. , Oakhill Jane , Bird Chris M.
Published: September 2022

To understand a dialogue, we need to know the topics that are being discussed. This enables us to integrate our knowledge of what was said previously to interpret the current dialogue. This study involved a large-scale behavioral experiment conducted online and a separate fMRI experiment, both testing human participants. In both, we selectively manipulated knowledge about the narrative content of dialogues presented in short videos. The clips were scenes from situation comedies that were split into two parts. The speech in the part 1 clips could either be presented normally or spectrally rotated to render it unintelligible. The part 2 clips that concluded the scenes were always presented normally. The behavioral experiment showed that knowledge of the preceding narrative boosted memory for the part 2 clips as well as increased the intersubject semantic similarity of recalled descriptions of the dialogues. The fMRI experiment replicated the finding that prior knowledge improved memory for the conclusions of the dialogues. Furthermore, prior knowledge strengthened temporal intersubject correlations in brain regions including the left angular gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. Together, these findings show that (1) prior knowledge constrains the interpretation of a dialogue to be more similar across individuals; and (2), consistent with this, the activation of brain regions involved in semantic control processing is also more similar between individuals who share the same prior knowledge. Processing in these regions likely supports the activation and integration of prior knowledge, which helps people to better understand and remember dialogues as they unfold.
Natural Contrast Statistics Facilitate Human Face Categorization
Authors: Liu-Shuang Joan , Yang Yu-Fang , Rossion Bruno , Goffaux Valérie
Published: September 2022

The ability to detect faces in the environment is of utmost ecological importance for human social adaptation. While face categorization is efficient, fast and robust to sensory degradation, it is massively impaired when the facial stimulus does not match the natural contrast statistics of this visual category, i.e., the typically experienced ordered alternation of relatively darker and lighter regions of the face. To clarify this phenomenon, we characterized the contribution of natural contrast statistics to face categorization. Specifically, 31 human adults viewed various natural images of nonface categories at a rate of 12 Hz, with highly variable images of faces occurring every eight stimuli (1.5 Hz). As in previous studies, neural responses at 1.5 Hz as measured with high-density electroencephalography (EEG) provided an objective neural index of face categorization. Here, when face images were shown in their naturally experienced contrast statistics, the 1.5-Hz face categorization response emerged over occipito-temporal electrodes at very low contrast [5.1%, or 0.009 root-mean-square (RMS) contrast], quickly reaching optimal amplitude at 22.6% of contrast (i.e., RMS contrast of 0.041). Despite contrast negation preserving an image’s spectral and geometrical properties, negative contrast images required twice as much contrast to trigger a face categorization response, and three times as much to reach optimum. These observations characterize how the internally stored natural contrast statistics of the face category facilitate visual processing for the sake of fast and efficient face categorization.
Content in fatty acids and carotenoids in phytoplankton blooms during the seasonal sea ice retreat in Hudson Bay complex, Canada
Authors: Amiraux Rémi , Lavaud Johann , Cameron-Bergeron Kasey , Matthes Lisa C. , Peeken Ilka , Mundy Christopher J. , Babb David G. , Tremblay Jean-Eric
Published: September 2022

The Hudson Bay complex (HBC) is home to numerous indigenous communities that traditionally have relied heavily on its marine resources. The nutritional quality and stocks of the entire HBC food web depend in large part on the phytoplankton production of bioactive molecules (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids) and their transfer through trophic levels. The purpose of this study was thus to determine which molecules were produced during spring phytoplankton blooms, as well as the environmental factors driving this production. We investigated 21 stations in 5 sub-regions of the HBC. At the time of sampling, the sub-regions studied had different environmental settings (e.g., ice cover, nutrients, seawater salinity and temperature) conditioning their bloom stages. Pre- and post-bloom stages were associated with relatively low concentrations of bioactive molecules (either fatty acids or carotenoids). In contrast, the highest concentrations of bioactive molecules (dominated by eicosapentaenoic acid and fucoxanthin) were associated with the diatom bloom that typically occurs at the ice edge when silicates remain available. Interestingly, the large riverine inputs in eastern Hudson Bay led to a change in protist composition (larger contribution of Dinophyceae), resulting in lower while more diverse content of bioactive molecules, whether fatty acids (e.g., α-linolenic acid) or carotenoids (e.g., peridinin). As greater stratification of the HBC is expected in the future, we suggest that a mixotrophic/heterotrophic flagellate-based food web would become more prevalent, resulting in a smaller supply of bioactive molecules for the food web.
Observed versus simulated OH reactivity during KORUS-AQ campaign: Implications for emission inventory and chemical environment in East Asia
Authors: Kim Hyeonmin , Park Rokjin J. , Kim Saewung , Brune William H. , Diskin Glenn S. , Fried Alan , Hall Samuel R. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Wennberg Paul , Wisthaler Armin , Blake Donald R. , Ullmann Kirk
Published: September 2022

We present a holistic examination of tropospheric OH reactivity (OHR) in South Korea using comprehensive NASA DC-8 airborne measurements collected during the Korea–United States Air Quality field study and chemical transport models. The observed total OHR (tOHR) averaged in the planetary boundary layer (PBL, <2.0 km) and free troposphere was 5.2 s−1 and 2.0 s−1 during the campaign, respectively. These values were higher than the calculated OHR (cOHR, 3.4 s−1, 1.0 s−1) derived from trace-gas observations, indicating missing OHR fractions in the PBL and free troposphere of 35% and 50%, respectively. Incorporating nonobserved secondary species from the observationally constrained box model increased cOHR to 4.0 s−1 in the PBL and 1.3 s−1 in the free troposphere. Simulated OHR (sOHR, 2.7 s−1, 0.8 s−1) was substantially lower than both tOHR and cOHR by as much as 60%. This underestimate was substantial in the free troposphere and marine boundary layer of the marginal sea (Yellow Sea). We then discuss the potential causes of unaccounted OHR. First, we suggest improving the accuracy of tropospheric reaction kinetics, which vary significantly in the available literature. Second, underestimated emissions of anthropogenic CO and oxygenated volatile organic compounds in East Asia contributed to the discrepancy between tOHR and sOHR. In addition, oxygenated and biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from the marginal sea may contribute substantially to the regional OHR. Typical chemical transport models underestimate these sources, leading to a large missing OHR fraction. Despite this discrepancy, we found that simulated OH concentrations were comparable with those observed during the campaign because of slow OH recycling rates in the models; therefore, the models predicted less formation of photochemical oxidation products such as ozone.
Od nove zavičajnosti do de-angažirane privrženosti
Authors: Žanić Mateo , Miletić Geran-Marko
Published: September 2022

Posljednjih desetljeća koncept privrženosti mjestu privlači znatnu pozornost znanstvenika koji se bave transformacijama prostora, bilo da se fokus tematski usmjerava prema modernizacijskim, globalizacijskom ili tranzicijskom kontekstu. U ovom radu cilj je stoga razmotriti načine kojima je ovaj koncept istraživan u Republici Hrvatskoj te zaključke koji se iz toga mogu izvući. Na temelju pregleda relevantne literature u radu se osobito obrađuju tri teme. Prvo, tumače se nalazi istraživanja koja su se bavila procjenjivanjem važnosti koju građani Hrvatske pridaju različitim razinama teritorijalnih pripadnosti. Tako se dobiva uvid o privrženosti stanovnika Hrvatske lokalnoj razini u odnosu na nacionalnu i nadnacionalnu razinu. Iznose se rezultati istraživanja koji upućuju na različite implikacije pripadnosti lokalnoj sredini u različitim hrvatskim regijama kao i istraživanja koje upućuje na značajan udio ispitanika koji iskazuju deangažiranu privrženost kao oblik teritorijalnog identiteta. Drugo, razmatraju se različiti faktori za koje se pokazalo da utječu na iskazivanje privrženosti mjestu. Pritom se uočavaju određene razlike između emocionalne i funkcionalne privrženosti mjestu te se osobito tematizira koncept zavičajnoga grada. Treće, raspravlja se o odnosu između migracija i privrženosti mjestu te o konceptu višestrukih pripadnosti. Navedene teme istraživane su s jedne strane na populaciji mladih te s druge strane na primjerima sekundarnog stanovanja. Na temelju iznesenih nalaza donose se četiri zaključka prema kojima je u Hrvatskoj prisutna prilična izraženost emocionalne privrženosti mjestu, ali i da je emocionalna pripadnost redovito praćena određenim nezadovoljstvom stanjem u lokalnoj sredini ili bojazni što nosi budućnost. Također, postoje nalazi koji upućuju na manifestiranje višestrukih pripadnosti dok formirane tipologije privrženosti mjestu i teritorijalnih identiteta upućuju na različite dosege i značenja koja se pridaju konceptu na lokalnim razinama. Prikazani rezultati trebali bi značajno pridonijeti razumijevanju društvenog i identitetskog značaja mjesta, ali i omogućiti bolje sagledavanje društvenih transformacija kroz koje je prošla Republika Hrvatska u postkomunističkom razdoblju.
Flour fillers with urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood
Authors: Kawalerczyk Jakub , Dziurka Dorota , Mirski Radosław , Trociński Adrian
Published: September 2022

Various flours were added as fillers for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, and effects on the rheological behavior and the curing properties of the resin were evaluated. The plywood properties such as bonding quality, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and formaldehyde-release were tested. Five types of flours were used, i.e., rye flour, hemp flour, coconut flour, rice flour, and pumpkin flour. The type of flour had a major influence on the properties of resin mixture such as gel time, solid content, and viscosity. The use of rye and pumpkin flour resulted in a longer gelling time, and the adhesive mixture filled with rice flour did not attain the desired viscosity value needed for the production of plywood. The best mechanical properties and bonding quality were achieved by addition of pumpkin flour. However, the bonding quality of plywood glued with an adhesive filled with every other flour retained good values exceeding 1 N/mm2 as required by the standard EN 314-2 (1993). The use of hemp flour as a filler for UF resin led to a substantial decrease of free formaldehyde content.
Microstructure-properties of dynamically vulcanized mengkuang leaf fibre/ethylene vinyl acetate/natural rubber thermoplastic elastomer composites
Authors: Hashim Faiezah , Surya Indra , Rusli Arjulizan , Ismail Hanafi
Published: September 2022

Thermoplastic elastomer composites based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), natural rubber (NR), and Mengkuang leaf fibre were prepared using the sulfur and peroxide vulcanization systems. Different curing systems and fibre loadings affecting the processing torque, tensile, thermal, and morphology of the composites were investigated. Addition of Mengkuang leaf fibre resulted in poor fibre dispersion and agglomeration in the matrix, which may have affected the efficiency of stress transfer and thus could explain a decline in tensile and thermal properties. Composites with dynamic vulcanization showed a rougher surface that might be due to the presence of crosslinking, which requires more force to fail. The increase in stabilization torque for the composites with dynamic vulcanization was observed due to the addition of curing agents, which implies some changes at the molecular level due to crosslinking. Tensile properties of Mengkuang leaf fibre filled EVA/NR composites indicated that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus of the peroxide cure system were higher than the sulfur cure system and unvulcanised composites. The sulphur cure system showed better resistance towards thermal degradation compared to the peroxide cure system. This was attributed to dicumyl peroxide (DCP), which degrades the polymer chain or the composites at high temperature.
The Role of Arabic Lexicons in Teaching Ta’bîr Material at the Islamic Boarding School for Girls
Authors: Marlina Lina , Farraj Khalid Khamis , Zahra Maryam Jamilah
Published: September 2022

This research highlights the importance of the Arabic lexicon in teaching and studying ta’bîr courses in Ma’had al-Imarat Bandung. This qualitative research depends on a field study and a descriptive analysis. This importance is due to three aspects: The first is the ta’bîr courses of materials prescribed in any Arabic language learning institutes to develop students’ four skills. The second is that lexicons are tools for teaching and learning the Arabic language, especially in the subject matter of ta’bîr. The third is that the Arabic lexicon is one of the primary sources people refer to correct their linguistic knowledge. The results indicate that language acquisition is the most important of that knowledge. Furthermore, in acquiring the Arabic language, many factors are linguistic and non-linguistic. Dictionaries are considered one of the primary tools in language acquisition in studying the subject matter of ta’bîr.
Implementation of Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) in Nahwu Learning: Identification of Student Ability Characteristics
Authors: Maulani Hikmah , Abdurrahman Maman , Saleh Nalahuddin , Faqih Ahmad , Hamdan Faiz Dzul Fahmi
Published: September 2022

Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) is used as a learning method that treats differences in student abilities; this is considered appropriate for Nahwu learning. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on Nahwu's learning activities using Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) through the involvement of lecturers and students. This study uses a qualitative approach; the participants are non-Arabic speaking Nahwu students in Indonesia, totaling 40 students. Data collection techniques are using observation, structured interviews, and using questionnaires. The results showed that there were implications for the use of Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) in learning motivation, as indicated by an increase in scores on the evaluation of students' Nahwu understanding abilities and perceptions that showed a good assessment of this method. The recommendation of this research is the preparation of teaching materials based on Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) for Nahwu learning that can be done at universities in Indonesia.
Os métodos de prova nos Primeiros Analíticos de Aristóteles e sua natureza normativa
Authors: Heck Ralph Leal
Published: September 2022

Este artigo se divide em duas etapas. A primeira etapa tem o objetivo de apresentar, dos tópicos 1 ao 5, três métodos de prova e um de contraprova presentes nos Primeiros Analíticos de Aristóteles. Fornecendo uma notação de fácil acesso, compreensão e relativamente neutra à interpretações com o objetivo de demonstrar que a silogística preserva interessantes ferramentas de dedução e questões intuitivamente férteis para investigação filosófica, em especial, àqueles que desejam compreender leituras filosóficas à lógica de Aristóteles, como as presentes em Łucasievicz (1957) e Corcoran (2009). A segunda etapa consiste em oferecer uma interpretação inferencialista ao estilo de Robert Brandom (1999) para a silogística aristotélica. Para realizar esta tarefa, iniciaremos com a apresentação do contexto e dos elementos formais de desenvolvimento do método aristotélico de prova de argumentos chamado silogística. Em seguida, apresentarei o método direto de prova que envolve converter sentenças em silogismos imperfeitos e permutar a posição sujeito-predicado delas, de modo a obter um silogismo perfeito. Depois, apresentarei o método chamado reductio ad impossibile que se vale das regras do método direto, das relações semânticas entre sentenças categóricas e de hipóteses para provar a validade do silogismo. Por fim, apresento o método de prova chamado ekthesis, que envolve a introdução de categorias intermediárias e suas manipulações entre esquemas dedutivos a fim de provar a validade do silogismo. A segunda etapa, dos tópicos 6 ao 8, consiste na discussão da silogística como um sistema baseado em regras, inspirado nos trabalhos de Żłarnecka–Biały (1993) e Corcoran (2018). A partir do qual exploro a possibilidade de interpretar a silogística de uma perspectiva inferencialista, como uma estratégia lógica de explicitação do “jogo de dar e pedir razões” que marcou a filosofia por cerca de dois milênios.
Christian Fuchs: Verschwörungstheorien in der Pandemie.
Authors: Zurawski Nils
Published: September 2022

Christian Fuchs: Verschwörungstheorien in der Pandemie. Wie über Covid-19 im Internet kommuniziert wurde. 2022, München:UKV (UTB). 211 Seiten.
Eine Rezension von Nils Zurawski
Foreign Body Granuloma in the Maxillofacial Region: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Orozco-Gallardo Mónica , Gutiérrez-Cortés Evangelina , Vázquez-Alcaraz Silverio Jafet , Valdivia Andréa Dolores Correia Miranda
Published: September 2022

This paper aimed to present a clinical case presenting an unusual periapical radiolucent lesion, its approach and treatment, and as an element of differential diagnosis in periapical pathology. Foreign body granuloma (FBG) is a tissue reaction that is triggered by the deposit of a foreign material affecting the skin and internal organs that the immune system tries to delimit and, if possible, eliminate. FBG may constitute a complication of a surgical procedure or a new pathology for the patient, which precedes an iatrogenic event causing diagnostic difficulties. This study presented an unusual periapical radiolucent lesion in a male patient with a periapical radiolucent area found in panoramic radiography; the lesion was enucleated, histopathologically confirming an FBG, which was the result of a biomaterial used in surgery for nasal polyps and deviated septum performed years before. This case shows us a very unusual presentation of an FBG within the maxillary bone after surgery for nasal polyps and deviated septum. The appropriate use of the available imaging tools and histopathological study and interpretation is emphasized, to be able to carry out a successful long-term treatment with the lowest chances of recurrence. In addition, an interdisciplinary approach is very important, which leads us to the comprehensive treatment of the patient. The proper use of diagnostic and imaging methods that we currently have, as well as knowledge of differential diagnoses, is essential to successfully diagnose and treat injuries in the maxillofacial area.
Evidence of Large Whale Socio-Sexual Behavior in the New York Bight
Authors: Rickard Meghan E. , Lomac-MacNair Kate S. , Ireland Darren S. , Leiter Sarah M. , Poster Mitchell D. , Zoidis Ann M.
Published: September 2022

Large whales, including the endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), are known to occur in the New York Bight. However, relatively little data exist on social behavior typical of these species in the area. The U.S. Mid-Atlantic has traditionally been considered a large whale migratory corridor with few surveys documenting social dynamics of whale presence in these waters. To better understand the occurrence, distribution, abundance, and behavior of these species for management and conservation planning, monthly line-transect aerial surveys were conducted over a 3-year period from March 2017 to February 2020. During these surveys, three noteworthy socio-sexual behavior events were observed and photographed within groups of sei whales (April 2019), sperm whales (September 2019), and right whales (December 2019). Events included what could be either non-reproductive sexual behavior (socio-sexual behavior) or sexual behavior (copulation) among conspecifics, including mirror pair swimming, lateral and vertical presenting, and belly to belly contact. During all three events, groups were highly active at the surface, frequently and quickly changing speed and direction, and animals were predominantly less than one body length apart from other conspecifics in the group. All species were recorded rolling onto their sides and/or back while at or near the surface. Open mouth display occurred in the North Atlantic right whale event. Though copulation is unlikely to have transpired during the sperm whale event and could not have occurred during the right whale event due to the identification of same-sex individuals, it cannot be ruled out as the impetus for the sei whale event. These observations begin to describe the relative importance of the New York Bight as more than a migratory corridor and suggest that additional behaviorally focused data collection be incorporated into future surveys.
Spørsmål å stille seg selv
Authors: Bikset Lillian
Published: September 2022

Denne teksten ble skrevet som et 30-minutters seminarinnlegg til fagdagen Dramaturgi i praksis, arrangert av Proscen og Frontlosjefestivalen i samarbeid med DNS og Det Vestnorske Teateret, 6. mai 2021. Den er lettere omskrevet med tanke på publisering som tekst høsten 2021.
A telemedicina no combate à Covid-19: velhos e novos desafios no acesso à saúde no município de Vitória/ES, Brasil
Authors: Martínez Henny Luz Heredia , Artmann Elizabeth , Cruz Sheila Cristina de Souza , Farias Dilzilene Cunha Sivirino
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o atendimento pela telemedicina em Vitória/ES de abril/2020 a mar/2021. Método: estudo de caso ancorado na categoria acesso de Thiede et al. e em dados secundários. Utilizaram-se relatórios das consultas de telemedicina da Rede Bem Estar. Incluíram-se todas as 29 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município. Resultados: no período foram atendidos 15.548 usuários, 64% do sexo feminino (9.953) e 36% do masculino (5.595), em 21.481 consultas. O grupo etário mais atendido foi o de 30-39 anos (19,5%). O número por 10.000 hab. para todas as causas oscilou entre 35,86/10.000 hab. de out-dez/2020 e 65,75 de abr-jun/2020. Destes atendimentos, 56% (11.946) foram coronavírus (causas B342 e B972), sendo, 22,54 consultas por 10.000 hab. de out-dez/2020 e 31,96 de abr-jun/2020. Conclusões: Os resultados refletem o impacto transformador da Covid-19 nos cuidados à saúde por telemedicina como parte da resposta de primeira linha à pandemia no município de Vitória/ES. As desigualdades no acesso presencial se reproduzem na telemedicina, o que torna imprescindível manter um relacionamento forte entre o sistema de saúde, as equipes de saúde e os usuários na implantação da telemedicina. As duas formas permanecem interdependentes e complementares na busca de garantia do acesso equitativo em saúde.