bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etnofarmacologia de plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população rural e ribeirinha do município de Itacoatiara-AM
Authors: Mota Leidiane Andrade da , Pereira Daniel Tarciso Martins , Assis Maria Emília Santos , Marques Silvia Brito , Silva Betânia Braga da
Published: March 2022

A importância cultural do saber tradicional dos povos amazônicos acerca das plantas medicinais tem sido cada vez mais valorizado no contexto dos sistemas públicos de saúde e despertado o interesse da indústria farmacêutica pelos estudos farmacológicos, fitoquímicos e agronômicos aplicados à busca de novos medicamentos. Neste estudo buscou-se dimensionar os hábitos advindos do uso tradicional de plantas medicinais por usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Tratou-se de um estudo etnofarmacológico, realizado mediante análise de entrevistas a população rural e ribeirinha assistida por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Itacoatiara- AM, cujos dados coletados foram analisados e interpretados por meio de estatística descritiva. As variáveis demonstraram prevalência de indivíduos de sexo feminino, idade entre 18 e 81 anos, ensino médio e renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo. Foram citadas 36 espécies de plantas medicinais, com predomínio do preparo de infusões e indicações como calmante, na dor epigástrica e em processos inflamatórios. Os resultados contribuem para o resgate e valorização do saber popular; para ampliar e consolidar o uso seguro e eficaz de plantas medicinais no contexto da atenção primária à saúde e para promover o desenvolvimento e a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população do município de Itacoatiara – AM.
Alimentos, drogas e venenos - qual a relação?
Authors: Castro Neto Antonio Gomes de , Lima Gisele Estevão de , Veloso Rodrigo Rossetti , Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa
Published: March 2022

As drogas são substâncias químicas naturais ou sintéticas que produzem alterações nos sentidos. Nessa categoria podem ser incluídas as de uso farmacológico ou os princípios ativos que provocam alterações das percepções sensoriais de espaço e de realidade, como as drogas de uso recreativo lícitas e ilícitas que podem afetar o usuário. Algumas variedades de alimentos para consumo humano são consideradas por várias etnias culinárias, como responsáveis pela promoção da saúde ou o surgimento de doenças. O uso na medicina e na culinária de especiarias, frutas e raízes é bastante antigo, com finalidades de temperança, conservação e restabelecimento do equilíbrio dos humores no organismo. Na atualidade, a discussão da sociedade não é o somente se é seguro ou tóxico o consumo de determinados alimentos, mas também as quantidades ingeridas e as técnicas culinária que estão sendo empregadas para mitigar os compostos indesejáveis e perigosos que fazem parte da composição dos diferentes grupos de alimentos e que estão presentes na rotina alimentar. Este estudo se trata de uma revisão integrativa sobre a relação entre alimentos, drogas e venenos, buscando suas conceituações e correlações, visando o bem estar humano.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DALAM JARINGAN TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SISWA KELAS IVSD NEGERI 091644 BAHLIAS KECAMATAN BANDAR
Authors: Parhusip Esy Minar , Gaol Rumiris Lumban , HS Dyan Wulan Sari , Tanjung Darinda Sofia
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pembelajaran dalam jaringan siswa di kelas IV SD Negeri 091644 Bahlias Kecamatan Bandar Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian kuantitatif jenis survey. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 091644 Bahlias Kecamatan Bandar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pembelajaran dalam jaringan terhadap pendidikan karakter dikelas IV SD Negeri 091644 Bahlias Kecamaan Bandar Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengukur pembelajaran dalam jaringan adalah angket yang terdiri dari 47 butir. Sedangkan untuk mengukur pendidikan karakter digunakan nilai hasil angket pembelajaran jaringan. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran terhadap pembelajaran dalam jaringan, didapat nilai mean (rata-rata) skor hasil angket sebesar 145.7. Hal ini berarti pembelajaran dalam jaringan di SD Negeri 091644 Bahlias Kecamatan Bandar berada pada tingkat tinggi. Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengaruh antara pembelajaran dalam jaringan dengan pendidikan karakter, digunakan rumus korelasi dari pearson. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh rhitung 0.827, yang berarti nilai korelasi kuat/berkorelasi. Uji signifikasi dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis, yaitu dengan membandingkan nilai thitung dengan ttabel. Diperoleh nilai thitung = 7.209 sedangkan ttabel = 1.706. Karena thitung ≥ ttabel (7.209 ≥ 1.706) maka Ha diterima da Ho ditolak. Melalui uji t tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pembelajaran dalam jaringan dengan pendidikan karakter.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN STRATEGI MODELLING THE WAY DALAM MEMBACA PUISI DI SMK
Authors: Zahara Siti Fatimah , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menganalisis peningkatan membaca puisi melalui penerapan strategi modelling the way pada siswa kelas X SMK Swasta Jambi Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi  kelas X SMK Swasta Jambi Medan. Jumlah populasi adalah 258 siswa dan dipilih 72 siswa sebagai  sampel penelitian. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu  kelompok kontrol pada kelas X TKJ 1 sebanyak 36 siswa dan kelompok eksperimen kelas X TKJ2 sebanyak 36 siswa . Kelompok eksperimen diberikan perlakuan dengan metode modelling the way  sedangkan kelompok kontrol  diberikan perlakuan dengan metode konvensional. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan empat penilaian dalam pembelajaran membaca puisi yang dihitung dan diolah dengan menggunakan uji t-tes. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji independent sampel t-tes pada SPSS 26 menunjukkan nilai t hitung (4.272) lebih tinggi dari pada t tabel (2.808) pada level signifikan 0.05 dan degree of freedom (df) 70. Oleh karena itu hasil hipotesis null (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (ha) diterima. Hal ini menandakan bahwa metode modelling the way secara signifikan meningkat dalam pembelajaran membaca puisi pada kelas X SMK swasta Jambi medan.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL QUESTIONING PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN MANIANG KECAMATAN PULAU LAUT TENGAH KABUPATEN KOTABARU
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah
Published: March 2022

Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada kelas V SDN Maniang Kecamatan Pulau Laut Tengah Kabupaten Kotabaru pada keterampilan berbicara siswa setiap pelajaran masih rendah. Hal ini disebabkan pembelajaran tidak seimbang kemampuan berbicara siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara melalui pembelajaran kontekstual questioning pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tindakan kelas dilakukan dengan enam siklus dan setting penelitian dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas V Semester II Tahun pelajaran 2015-2016 terdiri dari 19 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa serta tes tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berbicara dinyatakan berhasil dan tujuan pembelajaran tercapai. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil kedua siklus dengan enam kali pertemuan dengan peningkatan hasil belajar mencapai rata-rata 6,60 pada siklus I, meningkat menjadi 8,5 pada siklus II secara individu dan secara klasikal mencapai 43, 36 %,   pada siklus I, meningkat menjadi 88,89 % pada siklus II, baik secara individu maupun secara klasikal sudah mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Dengan demikian dapat di simpulkan bahwa Kontekstual questioning (bertanya) kontekstual questioning (Tanya jawab) menjadikan siswa lebih konsentrasi dalam mengikuti pelajaran, melatih siswa berbicara, dan terbiasa menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dalam kegiatan belajar di sekolah.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Persamaan Linear Satu Variabel Melalui Penggunaan Alat Media
Authors: Adawiah Radiatul
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine (1) Student learning outcomes on the use of audio visual media in learning one variable linear agreement. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. Subjects were 20 semester students in the 2019/2020 academic year. Data were analyzed and collected based on quantitative data and qualitative data. Qualitative data consists of observations of students in the learning process while quantitative data consists of student learning outcomes data that is analyzed by percentage techniques at each meeting. Based on the initial reflection, class action research is carried out with planning, designing evaluation-evaluation instruments to learn the frequency of student activities, to study the development of process skills at the KBM, and to measure students' ability to learn Linear Equation for One Variable. The results showed that the learning test results obtained by students in the first cycle were 61.10% with an average value of 6.80 and in the second cycle of 86.09% with an average of 7.60.

 

Keywords: Learning Outcomes of One Variable Linear Equation, Audio Visual Media.
Penggunaan Kata Sapaan pada Percakapan Siswa SDN Langkang Lama Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur Kabupaten Kotabaru
Authors: Juniati Sri
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of greeting words in the conversation of SDN Langkang Lama students in Kotabaru district? This type of research is the type of field research by presenting the data used in this study as a qualitative method. Because the data collected is in the form of words, picture sentences and not numbers. That was caused by the application of qualitative methods. Data sources in the implementation of this study were primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study by observation, recording, listening and note taking. And data analysis techniques namely data recording transcripts, data translators, data analysis and finally draw conclusions. The results showed that the use of greetings in students 'conversation at SDN Langkang Lama, Kotabaru Regency, namely the greeting words of respect found in students' greetings to greet teachers and greet other students found as many as 29% who were included in the classification is very low. In the usual greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher and greet other students found as many as 32% included in the low classification. In rough greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher or other students found as many as 39% included in the low classification .
PENGARUH SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEMANDIRIAN TERHADAB PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMPN 1 PAMUKAN UTARA
Authors: Batennie Faisal
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is (1) to determine the effect of family socioeconomic status on mathematics learning achievement of students of class VIII in SMP Negeri I Pamukan Utara. (2) to determine the effect of student independence on mathematics learning achievement of students of class VIII in SMP Negeri I Pamukan Utara. The method used in this study is a regression research method with a quantitative approach that is research that examines to see the effect of using numbers ranging from data collection, interpretation of the data, as well as the appearance of the results. In addition to data in the form of numbers, in quantitative research there is also data in the form of qualitative information. While this type of research is a simple regression research that is research that aims to see the effect between two or more variables. If there is an influence, how close is the influence and meaning or not that influence.

Keywords: Family Socio-Economic Status, Student Independence, Achievement.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR FUNGSIONAL PADA PERIBAHASA INDONESIA KARYA EKA MURTI SARI
Authors: Juniati Sri
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mendeskripsikan struktur fungsional pada peribahasa Indonesia.(2) Untuk mendeskripsikan pola pengkalimatan yang terdapat pada peribahasa Indonesia.

                Metode yang digunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif, yaitu metode yang menggambarkan atau menjelaskan subjek penelitiannya.Yang mana objek penelitiannya yaitu struktur fungsional pada peribahasa Indonesia.Objek penelitian dalam skripsi ini berupa struktur fungsional pada peribahasa Indonesia. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah buku peribahasa karya Eka Murti Sari, tekni pengumpulan data dengan cara teknik pustaka, teknik menyimak dan teknik catat.

                Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur fungsional di dalam peribahasa ditemukan struktur fungsional berpola lengkap yaitu; SP, SPO, SPK, SPPel, SPPelK, PS, PSK,SKP, KSP, Pel SP. Struktur fungsional berpola tidak lengkap yaitu SK. Struktur fungsional berpola lebih dari satu yaitru; SP/SP, SP/SP/SP, SP/SP/SP/SP, SP/SPK, SP/SPPel, SP/SKP, SP/Pel SP, SPO/SPO, SPK/SP, SPK/SPK, SPK/PK, SPPel/SP, SPPel/SPK, SPPel/SPPel, SPPel/SPPel/SPPel/SPPel, SKP/SP, SK/SK, SKP/SKP, PSK/PSK, PK/SP.

 

Kata kunci: Struktur Fungsional pada Peribahasa Indonesia
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI LUAS DAN KELILING BANGUN DATAR PERSEGI DAN PERSEGI PANJANG MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING) PADA SISWA KELAS IV.B SDN 1 BAHARU SELATAN TA. 2018/2019
Authors: Firmansyah Donny
Published: March 2022

Berawal dari kenyataan rendahnya hasil belajar matematika pada materi luas dan keliling bangun datar persegi dan persegi panjang. Untuk itu penulis mencoba memperbaiki hal tersebut dengan melakukan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (class action research). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari tahap : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan,d an refleksi. Data penelitian tersebut diperoleh dengan tes tertulis serta menggunakan lemabaran observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV.B semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 SDN 1 Baharu Selatan sebanyak 21 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah masalah (problem based learning) dapat meningkat dengan ketuntasan 76% di siklus I pada ranah kognitif. Aktivitas guru dalam mengajar 75% terlaksana dan aktivitas siswa 72%. Setelah direfleksi terjadi peningkatan di siklus II ketuntasan siswa pada ranah kognitif 90%. Aktivitas guru dalam mengajar 88% serta aktivitas siswa 86%. Dari analisis penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning) terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi luas dan keliling bangun datar persegi dan persegi panjang melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning) pada siswa kelas IV.B SDN 1 Baharu Selatan.

 

Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar. Matematika, dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (problem based learning).
Belis: Sebuah Tradisi Perkawinan Suku Dawan
Authors: Nono Fredirikus
Published: March 2022

Belis is a tradition that has noble values ​​and a form of respect for women. The purpose of this study is to describe the Belis tradition and the importance of Belis in the traditional marriage of the Dawan-Timor tribe. In addition, this study also aims to link and compare the Belis culture with the marriage law of the Catholic church which is regulated in the Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church, especially with regard to the Marriage Agreement. The results showed that Belis is a tradition in the traditional marriage of the Dawan tribe. This Belis tradition has been abandoned and adopted by the Dawan community on the island of Timor. In the traditional marriage of the Dawan people, Belis always has a very important and main role. It is said that when we talk about marriage, we are talking about belis. In this study, it was also found that Belis became one of the problems and obstacles for the Dawan community in terms of marriage. Belis seems to be considered more important and is used as the main condition in marriage so that it seems to override the main requirements of marriage in the marriage law of the Catholic church. The research method used is a comparative study with a descriptive approach. Methods of data collection using a literature review.

Abstrak Indonesia 

Belis merupakan tradisi yang memiliki nilai-nilai luhur dan bentuk penghargaan terhadap perempuan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang tradisi Belis dan pentingnya Belis dalam perkawinan adat suku Dawan-Timor. Selian itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengaitkan dan membandingkan budaya Belis tersebut dengan hukum perkawinan gereja Katolik yang diatur dalam Kitab Hukum Kanonik Gereja Katolik, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Kesepakatan Nikah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Belis merupakan tradisi dalam perkawinan adat suku Dawan. Tradisi Belis ini telah ditinggalkan dan diadopsi oleh masyarakat Dawan di pulau Timor. Dalam perkawinan adat masyarakat Dawan, Belis selalu mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dan utama. Dikatakan bahwa jika berbicara soal perkawinan berarti berbicara soal Belis. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan juga bahwa Belis menjadi salah satu masalah dan hambatan bagi masyarakat Dawan dalam hal perkwainan. Belis terkesan dianggap lebih penting dan dijadikan sebagai syarat utama dalam perkawinan sehingga terkesan mengesampingkan syarat utama perkawinan dalam hukum perkawinan gereja Katolik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tinjauan pustaka.
Dilematika Teologis Karakter Allah Dan Kehendak Bebas Firaun Dalam Keluaran 9:12
Authors: Laia Harman Ziduhu , Prasetyo Widi , Ari Wibowo Daniel
Published: March 2022

The texts concerning God’s hardening of Pharaoh's heart (in Ex. 9:12, and related texts) have introduced a very complex question and tension within the Christian community, namely the very difficult theological dilemma concerning the character of God and Pharaoh's free will as a human being. On the one hand, some people have fallen into interpretations that exalt the sovereignty of God and ignore the free will of man, while on the other hand some exalt the free will of man but ignore the sovereignty of God. The most appalling consequence is that some people leave Christ and Christianity because of this unresolved text issue. However, an in-depth exegetical study of the issue proves both God's sovereignty over Pharaoh and his responsibility for his own free will.

Abstrak Indonesia 

Teks tentang Allah mengeraskan hati Firaun (Kel. 9:12, dan sebagianya) telah membawa persoalan yang sangat kompleks dalam kekristenan, di mana di dalamnya terdapat dilematika teologis yang sangat sulit antara karakter Alllah dan kehendak bebas Firaun sebagai manusia. Di satu sisi, beberapa orang telah jatuh pada tafsiran yang meninggikan kedaulatan Allah dan mengabaikan kehendak bebas manusia, sedangkan di sisi lain sebagian meninggikan kehendak bebas manusia namun mengabaikan kedaulatan Allah. Bahkan hal yang paling mengerikan adalah beberapa orang meninggalkan kekristenan akibat persoalan teks ini. Studi eksegesis yang mendalam, sebaliknya menunjukkan bahwa persoalan itu membuktikan kedaulatan Allah atas Firaun dan tanggung jawabnya atas pilihan kehendak bebasnya sendiri.
Biological Characteristics, Impacts, and Management of Crenate Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in Faba Bean (Vicia faba): A Review
Authors: Negewo Takele , Ahmed Seid , Tessema Taye , Tana Tamado
Published: March 2022

Crenate broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal belongs to the family Orobanchaceae. It is a root holoparasitic weed devoid of chlorophyll and entirely dependent on host plants for its growth requirement. This parasite considerably infects plant species of the families Leguminosae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae in highly infested drier and warmer areas of the world. It is well-known for its devastating effects on cool-season food legumes especially on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and for threatening the livelihood of subsistence farmers. Yield losses of infected crops reach up to 100% depending on the level of infection by the parasitic weed. The long-term impact of the parasite is even more serious than its short-term effects as its numerous minute seeds are easily spread using different mechanisms and persist in the soil for up to 20 years. Besides, its management is difficult as no single method proved to be effective, economical, and complete in managing the weed. This review article gives an overview of information on the biological characteristics and harmful effects of crenate broomrape and summarizes scientifically proven management techniques for its effective management. Different approaches should be validated, demonstrated, and scaled for wider uses to manage crenate broomrape sustainably and boost the host crop productivity. Therefore, besides narrowing the knowledge gaps on the weed biology more strengthened efforts in searching for host plant resistance and/or tolerance based integrated management approaches by considering socio-economic and ecological conditions of faba bean growers are found paramount importance.
Exposure to a Novel Insecticide Formulation on Maize and Concrete Reduces Movement by the Stored Product Pests, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky)
Authors: Quellhorst Hannah E. , Arthur Frank H. , Bruce Alexander , Zhu Kun Yan , Morrison William R.
Published: March 2022

Two major stored products pests of maize are the Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (larger grain borer) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (maize weevil). Under climate change, P. truncatus may be expected to shift its distribution northward farther into the United States (US). Thus, there is a critical need to develop diversified chemical control tools in the post-harvest supply chain for these two species. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a novel insecticide formulation, containing the insect growth regulator, S-methoprene, combined with the pyrethroid, deltamethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (Central Life Science, Schaumberg, IL, US), compared to the existing commercial standard formulation without synergist, and controls at inducing direct mortality and sublethal changes in movement on treated grains as a grain protectant, and on concrete as a surface treatment. Mortality of adults was assessed visually, while movement was tracked with a network camera coupled with Ethovision software that automatically recorded velocity and distance moved by both species, after continuous exposure on treated material for 4–168 h. The novel formulation significantly induced mortality while reducing distance and velocity moved by multiple-fold compared to controls for exposed adults even after relatively brief exposure periods. In fact, the novel formulation was just as effective as the older formulation, but used only a fraction of the active ingredients, thus it may be more cost-effective. Overall, the novel insecticide formulation is a promising tool for controlling S. zeamais and P. truncatus in bulk storage and around other food facilities.
Patterns of Clinical Reactivity in a Danish Cohort of Tree Nut Allergic Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Juel-Berg Nanna , Larsen Lau Fabricius , Küchen Niels , Norgil Ida , Hansen Kirsten Skamstrup , Poulsen Lars K.
Published: March 2022

Background

Tree nut allergy is associated with severe reactions and poly-sensitization to other nuts and peanuts often occurs. There are regional differences in sensitization profiles that result in differences in clinical presentation. Denmark is located in a birch pollen endemic area, which could influence the allergy patterns due to pollen cross-sensitization.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate patterns of sensitization and clinical reactivity to tree nuts and peanuts and threshold levels for oral food challenges (OFCs) in a Danish cohort of tree nut allergic children, adolescents, and young adults.

Methods

Forty tree nut allergic subjects were assessed for clinical reactivity to six nuts, i.e., hazelnut, walnut, pistachio, cashew, almond, and peanut, by OFCs or convincing medical history of an immediate allergic reaction or tolerance. Clinical presentation and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels together with eliciting dose and rescue medication in OFCs were furthermore assessed.

Results

Allergy to two or more tree nuts was observed in most cases. Hazelnut-walnut dual allergy was common but not exclusively observed as concomitant allergies. Allergy to cashew was coincided in all but one of the assessed subjects with pistachio allergy. Half of all assessed subjects were allergic to peanuts. Oral symptoms followed by a skin reaction were the most common symptomatology that lead to OFC cessation and subjects often presented with symptoms from two or more organ systems. OFC threshold levels were within the same range, but cashew was distinguished from other nuts by causing allergic symptoms at the lowest dose. Clinical reactivity and the allergy patterns were to some extent reflected by sIgE levels and by correlations in sIgE between the nuts.

Conclusions

In this Northern European cohort, subjects with clinically relevant tree nut allergy were generally allergic to two or more tree nuts and close to half of them also to peanuts. There were two distinct and independent allergic phenotypes; the majority of hazelnut allergic subjects were also allergic to walnut, and all but one subject with cashew allergy were dual allergic to pistachio. These findings are consistent with a strong sIgE correlation between hazelnut and walnut and a close to total sIgE correlation between cashew and pistachio.
OC_Finder: Osteoclast Segmentation, Counting, and Classification Using Watershed and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Xiao , Kittaka Mizuho , He Yilin , Zhang Yiwei , Ueki Yasuyoshi , Kihara Daisuke
Published: March 2022

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that exclusively resorb bone matrix proteins and minerals on the bone surface. They differentiate from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in the presence of osteoclastogenic cytokines such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and are stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). In vitro osteoclast formation assays are commonly used to assess the capacity of osteoclast precursor cells for differentiating into osteoclasts wherein the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells is counted as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are manually identified on cell culture dishes by human eyes, which is a labor-intensive process. Moreover, the manual procedure is not objective and results in lack of reproducibility. To accelerate the process and reduce the workload for counting the number of osteoclasts, we developed OC_Finder, a fully automated system for identifying osteoclasts in microscopic images. OC_Finder consists of cell image segmentation with a watershed algorithm and cell classification using deep learning. OC_Finder detected osteoclasts differentiated from wild-type and Sh3bp2KI/+ precursor cells at a 99.4% accuracy for segmentation and at a 98.1% accuracy for classification. The number of osteoclasts classified by OC_Finder was at the same accuracy level with manual counting by a human expert. OC_Finder also showed consistent performance on additional datasets collected with different microscopes with different settings by different operators. Together, successful development of OC_Finder suggests that deep learning is a useful tool to perform prompt and accurate unbiased classification and detection of specific cell types in microscopic images.
Erg25 Controls Host-Cholesterol Uptake Mediated by Aus1p-Associated Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains in Candida glabrata
Authors: Okamoto Michiyo , Takahashi-Nakaguchi Azusa , Tejima Kengo , Sasamoto Kaname , Yamaguchi Masashi , Aoyama Toshihiro , Nagi Minoru , Tanabe Kohichi , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Nakayama Hironobu , Sasakawa Chihiro , Kajiwara Susumu , Brown Alistair J. P. , Teixeira Miguel C. , Chibana Hiroji
Published: March 2022

The uptake of cholesterol from the host is closely linked to the proliferation of pathogenic fungi and protozoa during infection. For some pathogenic fungi, cholesterol uptake is an important strategy for decreasing susceptibility to antifungals that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis. In this study, we show that Candida glabrata ERG25, which encodes an enzyme that demethylates 4,4-dimethylzymosterol, is required for cholesterol uptake from host serum. Based on the screening of C. glabrata conditional knockdown mutants for each gene involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, ERG25 knockdown was found to decrease lethality of infected mice. ERG25 knockdown impairs the plasma membrane localization of the sterol importer Aus1p, suggesting that the accumulated 4,4-dimethylzymosterol destabilizes the lipid domain with which Aus1p functionally associates. ERG25 knockdown further influences the structure of the membrane compartment of Can1p (MCC)/eisosomes (ergosterol-rich lipid domains), but not the localization of the membrane proteins Pma1p and Hxt1p, which localize to sterol-poor domains. In the sterol-rich lipid domain, Aus1p-contining domain was mostly independent of MCC/eisosomes, and the nature of these domains was also different: Ausp1-contining domain was a dynamic network-like domain, whereas the MCC/eisosomes was a static dot-like domain. However, deletion of MCC/eisosomes was observed to influence the localization of Aus1p after Aus1p was transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that ERG25 plays a key role in stabilizing sterol-rich lipid domains, constituting a promising candidate target for antifungal therapy.
Evaluation of Carbapenem Use Before and After Implementation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship-Led Carbapenem-Sparing Strategy in a Lebanese Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: El Masri Mira , Haddad Nisrine , Saad Therese , Rizk Nesrine A. , Zakhour Ramia , Kanj Souha S. , Zeenny Rony M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The use of carbapenem before and after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship-led carbapenem-sparing strategy at a tertiary care center in Lebanon was evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective, observational chart review was performed on all hospitalized pediatric and adult patients who received carbapenem therapy during January 2019 and January 2020. Patients who started their regimen before January or received carbapenems for less than 24 hours were excluded. Primary outcomes included the appropriateness of physician prescribing patterns and pharmacists’ interventions, as well as appropriateness and response rates of the latter. Secondary outcomes included the carbapenem defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT). Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis and a p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

A total of 157 and 150 patients charts were reviewed in January 2019 and January 2020, respectively. There was no difference in baseline characteristics except for inpatient services and rates of isolated multidrug-resistant organisms. When comparing the two timelines, the appropriateness of physicians’ prescribing patterns increased in terms of empirical therapy, targeted therapy, and duration of therapy but the results were not statistically significant. Pharmacists’ interventions significantly increased with regards to the duration of therapy (p= <0.001), dose adjustment (p<0.001), de-escalation to a narrower spectrum antibiotic (p=0.007), and use of extended infusion (p=0.042). The DDD and DOT were higher for ertapenem and lower for anti-pseudomonal carbapenems in January 2020.

Conclusion

The carbapenem-sparing strategy adopted by the antimicrobial stewardship program contributed to an increase in the number of interventions made by pharmacists on carbapenem therapy, including their appropriateness, and response rate. Despite an improvement in the physician-prescribing patterns, more awareness and education may be needed to achieve a better impact.
Novel Potential Diagnostic Serum Biomarkers of Metabolomics in Osteoarticular Tuberculosis Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Ximeng , Ye Jingyun , Lei Hong , Wang Chengbin
Published: March 2022

Osteoarticular tuberculosis is one of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is mainly caused by direct infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or secondary infection of tuberculosis in other parts. Due to the low specificity of the current detection method, it is leading to a high misdiagnosis rate and subsequently affecting the follow-up treatment and prognosis. Metabolomics is mainly used to study the changes of the body’s metabolites in different states, so it can serve as an important means in the discovery of disease-related metabolic biomarkers and the corresponding mechanism research. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect and analyze metabolites in the serum with osteoarticular tuberculosis patients, disease controls, and healthy controls to find novel metabolic biomarkers that could be used in the diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Our results showed that 68 differential metabolites (p<0.05, fold change>1.0) were obtained in osteoarticular tuberculosis serum after statistical analysis. Then, through the evaluation of diagnostic efficacy, PC[o-16:1(9Z)/18:0], PC[20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0], PC[18:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)], SM(d18:1/20:0), and SM[d18:1/18:1(11Z)] were found as potential biomarkers with high diagnostic efficacy. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further found that these metabolites share many lipid metabolic signaling pathways, such as choline metabolism, sphingolipid signaling, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism; these results suggest that lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathological process of tuberculosis. This study can provide certain reference value for the study of metabolic biomarkers of osteoarticular tuberculosis and the mechanism of lipid metabolism in osteoarticular tuberculosis and even other tuberculosis diseases.
Case Report: Two Cases of Pulmonary Artery Dissection in Young Infants
Authors: Ren Chunnian , Zhang Libing , Yan Huan , Yang Zhengbing
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary artery dissection (PAD) is a rare disease. This article reports the treatment of PAD in young infants for the first time. Both cases of the infants were treated with surgery. Different surgical methods achieve different results, which provide ideas for treating PAD in young infants.
The Disruption of Trust in the Digital Transformation Leading to Health 4.0
Authors: Guckert Michael , Milanovic Kristina , Hannig Jennifer , Simon David , Wettengl Tamara , Evers Daniel , Kleyer Arnd , Keller Till , Pitt Jeremy
Published: March 2022

The specification and application of policies and guidelines for public health, medical education and training, and screening programmes for preventative medicine are all predicated on trust relationships between medical authorities, health practitioners and patients. These relationships are in turn predicated on a verbal contract that is over two thousand years old. The impact of information and communication technology (ICT), underpinning Health 4.0, has the potential to disrupt this analog relationship in several dimensions; but it also presents an opportunity to strengthen it, and so to increase the take-up and effectiveness of new policies. This paper develops an analytic framework for the trust relationships in Health 4.0, and through three use cases, assesses a medical policy, the introduction of a new technology, and the implications of that technology for the trust relationships. We integrate this assessment in a set of actionable recommendations, in particular that the trust framework should be part of the design methodology for developing and deploying medical applications. In a concluding discussion, we advocate that, in a post-pandemic world, IT to support policies and programmes to address widespread socio-medical problems with mental health, long Covid, physical inactivity and vaccine misinformation will be essential, and for that, strong trust relationships between all the stakeholders are absolutely critical.
A 1.5 Ma Marine Record of Volcanic Activity and Associated Landslides Offshore Martinique (Lesser Antilles): Sites U1397 and U1399 of IODP 340 Expedition
Authors: Villemant Benoît , Le Friant Anne , Caron Benoît , Del Manzo Giulia , Lafuerza Sara , Emmanuel Laurent , Ishizuka Osamu , Guyard Hervé , Labourdette Nathalie , Michel Agnès , Hidalgo Samia
Published: March 2022

The products of eruptive and mass-wasting processes that built island arc volcanoes are better preserved in marine deposits than on land. Holes U1397A and U1399A drilled during IODP Expedition 340 provide a 1.5 Ma record of the volcanic history of Martinique. 14C dating and δ18O patterns are used to reconstitute the chronostratigraphy of tephra, volcaniclastic turbidites, and mass-wasting events (traced by debris avalanches, debrites, and duplication and deformation of pre-existing sediments), leading to a new volcanic history of Montagne Pelée and Pitons du Carbet volcanoes. The top 50 m of core U1397A provides a continuous high-resolution sedimentation record over the last ∼130 ka. The sedimentation record deeper than 50 m in core U1397A and in the whole core U1399A is discontinuous because of the numerous sliding and deformation events triggered by debris avalanches related to flank collapses. Three successive activity periods are identified since ∼190 ka: the “Old Pelée” until 50 ka, the “Grand Rivière” (50–20 ka), and the “Recent Pelée” (20 ka—present day). The first two periods have the highest volcanic deposition rates offshore but very little outcrop on land. The whole magmatic activity of Mt Pelée comprises silicic andesites, but mafic andesites were also emitted during the whole “Grand Rivière.” At ∼115 ka, a major flank collapse (“Le Prêcheur”) produced a debris avalanche and submarine landslide that affected sea floor sediments by erosion and deformation up to ∼70 km from the shore. The Pitons du Carbet volcano was active from 1.2 Ma to 260 ka with numerous large flank collapses at a mean rate of 1 event every 100 ka. The average deposition rate of tephra fall offshore is much less than that at Mt Pelée. Our data show that correlations between the timing of large landslides or emission of mafic magmas and rapid sea level rise or lowstands suggested by previous studies are not systematic. The reconstituted chronostratigraphy of cores U1397A and U1399A provides the framework necessary for further studies of the magma petrology and production rates and timing of the mechanisms triggering flank collapses and related submarine landslides of Mt Pelée and Pitons du Carbet.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Health States of University Students During the First Wave of COVID-19 Community Quarantine in the Philippines
Authors: Cruz Angelita B. , Cando Jean Marie , Kim Hyun-Duck
Published: March 2022

This study examined the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic community quarantine on university students’ physical activity (PA) levels, sedentary behaviors, and health states in the Philippines. A total of 1,042 university students completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version and rated their health states using an online survey. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses to compare changes in PA and sedentary behaviors (prior to and during COVID-19) and determine the relationship between changes in the total volume of PA and various health states of male and female students respectively. Overall, the total PA of students significantly declined during COVID-19 compared to before the pandemic. Total PA of male students did not significantly change during COVID-19 but did for females. Female students’ sitting time significantly reduced during weekdays. Changes in PA was associated with different aspects of health, particularly for female students, during the COVID-19 community quarantine. The finding extends the literature about the impact of COVID-19 on students’ PA and health and underscores the importance of PA as a way in alleviating negative perceptions related to health in university students despite the implemented community quarantine regulations.
Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Testosterone in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Shuang , Cao Ruying , Liu Luna , Lv Youyuan , Qi Xiangyu , Yuan Zhongshang , Fan Xiude , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed at investigating the association between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and providing a new strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of testosterone deficiency in T2DM patients.

Methods

In an observational study including 46 T2DM male patients, the peripheral venous blood and fecal samples of all subjects were collected. The V3–V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were amplified and sequenced. Alpha and beta diversities were calculated by QIIME software. The possible association between gut microbial community and clinical indicators was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The association between the relative abundance of bacteria and testosterone levels was discovered using linear regression analysis in R language.

Results

There was no substantial difference in alpha and beta diversity. Blautia and Lachnospirales were significantly much higher in the testosterone deficiency group. Linear regression analysis showed that the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level and Lachnospirales at the order level were negatively correlated with testosterone level. After correcting for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the relative abundance of Lachnospirales still had a significant negative correlation with testosterone level. Meanwhile, at the genus level, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, and Bergeyella had a statistically significant negative association with testosterone level, respectively. Blautia was positively associated with FPG and total cholesterol level. Streptococcus was found positively associated with insulin, connecting peptide, and index of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

Conclusion

T2DM patients with testosterone deficiency have different gut microbiota compositions compared with T2DM patients alone. Low serum testosterone patients tend to have an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which may be related to the occurrence and development of testosterone deficiency.
Deconstructing Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity One Cell at a Time
Authors: Duerre Dylan J. , Galmozzi Andrea
Published: March 2022

As a central coordinator of physiologic metabolism, adipose tissue has long been appreciated as a highly plastic organ that dynamically responds to environmental cues. Once thought of as a homogenous storage depot, recent advances have enabled deep characterizations of the underlying structure and composition of adipose tissue depots. As the obesity and metabolic disease epidemics continue to accelerate due to modern lifestyles and an aging population, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that control adipose and systemic homeostasis are of critical importance. Within the past decade, the emergence of deep cell profiling at tissue- and, recently, single-cell level has furthered our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to tissue function and their implications in disease development. Although many paradigm-shifting findings may lie ahead, profound advances have been made to forward our understanding of the adipose tissue niche in both health and disease. Now widely accepted as a highly heterogenous organ with major roles in metabolic homeostasis, endocrine signaling, and immune function, the study of adipose tissue dynamics has reached a new frontier. In this review, we will provide a synthesis of the latest advances in adipose tissue biology made possible by the use of single-cell technologies, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on adipose function, and suggest what next steps will further our understanding of the role that adipose tissue plays in systemic physiology.
A Novel Legumain-Like Protease in Macrobrachium nipponense: Identification, Characterization, and Function Analysis in Ovary Maturation
Authors: Jiang Sufei , Xiong Yiwei , Zhang Wenyi , Zhu Junpeng , Cheng Dan , Gong Yongsheng , Wu Yan , Qiao Hui , Fu Hongtuo
Published: March 2022

Legumain, also called aspartic endopeptidase (AEP), is a member of the cysteine protease family and is involved in various physiological processes. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of a novel legumain-like (named Mn-Lel) in the female oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, which is involved in ovary maturation. The Mn-Lel is 1,454 bp in length, including a 1,290-bp open reading frame that encodes 430 amino acids. qPCR analysis indicated that Mn-Lel is specifically highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of female prawns. It is rarely expressed in embryogenesis, weakly expressed in early larval development stages, and then significantly increased after metamorphosis, which indicated that Mn-Lel is not a maternal gene and mainly plays a role in adults. During the different ovarian stages, Mn-Lel expression in the hepatopancreas had no obvious rules, while its expression in the ovaries had a significant peak in stage III. In situ hybridization studies revealed that Mn-Lel is localized in the oocyte of the ovary. Changes in the gonadosomatic index confirmed the inhibitory effects of Mn-Lel dsRNA on ovary maturation. These results suggest that Mn-Lel has a key role in promoting ovary maturation.
Electrical Circuits Described by General Fractional Conformable Derivative
Authors: Kahouli Omar , Elloumi Mourad , Naifar Omar , Alsaif Haitham , Kahouli Bassem , Bouteraa Yassine
Published: March 2022

The general fractional conformable derivative (GCD) and its attributes have been described by researchers in the recent times. Compared with other fractional derivative definitions, this derivative presents a generalization of the conformable derivative and follows the same derivation formulae. For electrical circuits, such as RLC, RC, and LC, we obtain a new class of fractional-order differential equations using this novel derivative, The use of GCD to depict electrical circuits has been shown to be more adaptable and lucrative than the usual conformable derivative.
Improved Sliding-Mode Vector Control Strategy Combined With Extended Reactive Power for MMC Under Unbalanced Grid Condition
Authors: Guan Tianyi , Zhao Xin , Zheng Wenjing , Liu Hu , Liu Yao , Sun Qiuye
Published: March 2022

Proportional–integral vector control (PIVC) has been proposed as an effective control strategy for modular multi-level converter (MMC) under balanced grid conditions. However, the PIVC using traditional power theory has unsatisfactory performances under unbalanced grid conditions, which cannot maintain the AC current sinusoidal while eliminating the twice grid-frequency ripples in active and reactive power. Therefore, an improved sliding-mode vector control (ISMVC) strategy combined with the extended reactive power (ERP) for MMC-based DC power system is proposed in this paper, which can cope with the problems above and work effectively under both balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. Furthermore, the proposed ISMVC shows better dynamic response and robustness than PI and conventional sliding-mode control (SMC) due to the novel design of sliding surface and reaching law. Comparative simulation experiments of the ISMVC and PIVC using the traditional and extended reactive power for MMC are conducted to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed control strategy under different grid conditions.