bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flower‐like MoSe2/C Composite with Expanded (0 0 2) Planes of Few‐layer MoSe2 as the Anode for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Hongxing , Qin Furong , Zhang Peng , Zou Lei , Wang Haobo , Zhang Kai , Lai Yanqing
Published: August 2017

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have caught considerable attention in last few years owing to the abundance of sodium in comparison to lithium. The commercial graphite anode is demonstrated unsuitable as an anode material for SIBs due to the larger radius of Na+ ions, whereas the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show great potential as anodes for SIBs because of their high achievable capacity. The sluggish kinetics, large volume expansion, and aggregation of those materials however results in severe decay of the electrochemical performance. In this work, a flower‐like MoSe2/C composite is synthesized with ethylenediamine and cassava starch (denoted as MoSe2/Ccas) and designed based on these principles: 1) expand the d‐spacing of (0 0 2) planes of MoSe2 to enhance the kinetics for the intercalation‐deintercalation of Na+ ions and 2) embed MoSe2 into the carbon matrix to enhance the conductivity and restrict the volume expansion and aggregation of MoSe2. As a result, MoSe2/Ccas exhibits superior cycle performance and rate capability for sodium storage. It shows durable long‐life cycle capability with a reversible capacity of 360 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles at 0.5 Ag−1. At the current density of 4 Ag−1, the reversible capacity is still maintained at 266 mAh g−1.
C−C and C−N Couplings Following Hydride Addition on Isocyanide Cyclopolyenyl Dimolybdenum Complexes to Give Tethered Aldimine and Aminocarbene Derivatives
Authors: Alvarez Belén , Alvarez M. Angeles , García M. Esther , García‐Vivó Daniel , Ruiz Miguel A.
Published: August 2017

Reaction of [Mo2Cp2(μ‐κ1:κ1,η6‐PMes*)(CO)2] with S or Se followed by protonation with [H(OEt2)2](BAr′4) gave the cationic derivatives [Mo2Cp2{μ‐κ2P,E:κ1P,η5‐EP(C6H3tBu3)}(CNR)(CO)2](BAr′4) (E=S; R=tBu, iPr, Ph, 4‐C6H4OMe, Xyl; or E=Se; R=tBu; Ar′=3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2). Reaction of the latter with K[BHsBu3] yielded the aldimine complexes [Mo2Cp2{μ‐κ2P,E:κ2P,N,η4‐SP(C6H3tBu3(CHNR))}(CO)2] and their aminocarbene isomers [Mo2Cp2{μ‐κ2P,E:κ2P,C,η4‐SP(C6H3tBu3(NRCH))}(CO)2] (R ≠ Xyl), following C−C and C−N couplings, respectively. Monitoring of these reactions revealed that the initial H− attack takes place at a Cp ligand to give cyclopentadiene intermediates [Mo2Cp{μ‐κ2P,S:κ1P,η5‐SP(C6H3tBu3)}(η4‐C5H6)(CNR)(CO)2], which then undergo C−H oxidative addition to give the hydride isomers [Mo2Cp2{μ‐κ2P,S:κ1P,η3‐SP(C6H3tBu3)}(H)(CNR)(CO)2]. In turn, the latter rearrange to give the aldimine and aminocarbene complexes. DFT calculations revealed that the hydride intermediates first undergo migratory insertion of the isocyanide ligand into the Mo−H bond to give unobservable formimidoyl intermediates, which then evolve either by nucleophilic attack of the N atom on the C6 ring (C−N coupling) or by migratory insertion of the formimidoyl ligand into the C6 ring (C−C coupling). Our data suggest that increasing the size of the substituent R at the isocyanide ligand destabilizes the aldimine isomer to a greater extent, thus favoring formation of the aminocarbene complex.
A Multi‐Level Theoretical Study to Disclose the Binding Mechanisms of Gold(III)–Bipyridyl Compounds as Selective Aquaglyceroporin Inhibitors
Authors: Graziani Valentina , Marrone Alessandro , Re Nazzareno , Coletti Cecilia , Platts James A. , Casini Angela
Published: August 2017

Structural studies have paved the avenue to a deeper understanding of aquaporins (AQPs), small ancient proteins providing efficient transmembrane pathways for water, small uncharged solutes such as glycerol, and possibly gas molecules. Despite the numerous studies, their roles in health and disease remain to be fully disclosed. The recent discovery of AuIII complexes as potent and selective inhibitors of aquaglyceroporin isoforms paves the way to their possible therapeutic application. The binding of the selective human AQP3 inhibitor, the cationic complex [Au(bipy)Cl2]+ (Aubipy), to the protein channel has been investigated here by means of a multi‐level theoretical workflow that includes QM, MD and QM/MM approaches. The hydroxo complex was identified as the prevalent form of Aubipy in physiological media and its binding to AQP3 studied by MD. Both non‐covalent and coordinative Aubipy–AQP3 adducts were simulated to probe their role in the modulation of water channel functionality. The electronic structures of representative Aubipy–AQP3 adducts were then analysed to unveil the role played by the metal moiety in their stabilisation. This study spotlights the overall importance of three key aspects for AQP3 inhibition: 1) water speciation of the AuIII complex, 2) stability of non‐covalent adducts and 3) conformational changes induced within the pore by the coordinative binding of AuIII. The obtained results are expected to orient future developments in the design of isoform‐selective AuIII inhibitors.
Dimerization of Endohedral Fullerene in a Superatomic Crystal
Authors: Voevodin Anastasia , Abella Laura , Castro Edison , Paley Daniel W. , Campos Luis M. , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Echegoyen Luis , Roy Xavier
Published: August 2017

We describe a solid state material created from the reaction of Ni9Te6(PEt3)8 and Lu3N@C80. The resulting superatomic crystal, [Ni12Te12(PEt3)8]2[(Lu3N@C80)2], contains dimers of Lu3N@C80 that form upon reduction of the fullerene through a single C−C bond at the triple hexagon junctions. The encapsulated Lu3N cluster displays an unprecedented orientation that is collinear and coplanar with the intercage carbon bond. Density functional theory calculations rationalize this unique bonding and relative orientation of the Lu3N clusters. Our structural and theoretical results provide new insights into the effect that the M3N cluster species has on the dimerization process of endohedral fullerenes.
Zn‐, Mg‐, and Li‐TMP Bases for the Successive Regioselective Metalations of the 1,5‐Naphthyridine Scaffold (TMP=2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl)
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Greiner Robert , Makarov Ilya S. , Heinz Benjamin , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Zipse Hendrik , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2017

A set of successive regioselective metalations and functionalizations of the 1,5‐naphthyridine scaffold are described. A combination of Zn‐, Mg‐, and Li‐TMP (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl) bases and the presence or absence of a Lewis acid (BF3⋅OEt2) allows the introduction of up to three substituents to the 1,5‐naphthyridine core. Also, a novel “halogen dance” reaction was discovered upon metalation of an 8‐iodo‐2,4‐trifunctionalized 1,5‐naphthyridine allowing a fourth regioselective functionalization. Additionally, reactions leading to key 1,5‐naphthyridines for the preparation of OLED materials and a potential antibacterial agent were performed.
Structure‐Guided Design of Peptides as Tools to Probe the Protein–Protein Interaction between Cullin‐2 and Elongin BC Substrate Adaptor in Cullin RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases
Authors: Cardote Teresa A. F. , Ciulli Alessio
Published: August 2017

Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are large dynamic multi‐subunit complexes that control the fate of many proteins in cells. CRLs are attractive drug targets for the development of small‐molecule inhibitors and chemical inducers of protein degradation. Herein we describe a structure‐guided biophysical approach to probe the protein–protein interaction (PPI) between the Cullin‐2 scaffold protein and the adaptor subunits Elongin BC within the context of the von Hippel‐Lindau complex (CRL2VHL) using peptides. Two peptides were shown to bind at the targeted binding site on Elongin C, named the “EloC site”, with micromolar dissociation constants, providing a starting point for future optimization. Our results suggest ligandability of the EloC binding site to short linear peptides, unveiling the opportunity and challenges to develop small molecules that have the potential to target selectively the Cul2‐adaptor PPI within CRLs.
Simultaneous Multiple MS Binding Assays Addressing D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors
Authors: Schuller Marion , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T.
Published: August 2017

MS Binding Assays are a label‐free alternative to radioligand binding assays. They provide basically the same capabilities as the latter, but use a non‐labeled reporter ligand instead of a radioligand. In contrast to radioligand binding assays, MS Binding Assays offer—owing to the selectivity of mass spectrometric detection—the opportunity to monitor the binding of different reporter ligands at different targets simultaneously. The present study shows a proof of concept for this strategy as exemplified for MS Binding Assays selectively addressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in a single binding experiment. A highly sensitive, rapid and robust LC–ESI‐MS/MS quantification method capable of quantifying both SCH23390 and raclopride, selectively addressing D1 and D2 receptors, respectively, was established and validated for this purpose. Based thereon, simultaneous saturation and competition experiments with SCH23390 and raclopride in the presence of both D1 and D2 receptors were performed and analyzed by LC–MS/MS within a single chromatographic cycle. The present study thus demonstrates the feasibility of this strategy and the high versatility of MS Binding Assays that appears to surpass that common for conventional radioligand binding assays.
The Effect of Substituent‐Dependent Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer on the Photochromism of Hemithioindigos
Authors: Wang Junjie , Rueck‐Braun Karola
Published: August 2017

A series of N,N′‐diarylamine‐modified hemithioindigos (HTIs) were synthesized and characterized. Photochemical Z/E isomerization around the C=C double bond occurred for all novel HTIs in various solvents. Due to a strong donor–acceptor π‐conjugated structure, the novel HTIs exhibited a strong red shift and clear solvatochromism in steady‐state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements, respectively. An intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the diarylamine‐substituted stilbene component (donor) to the thioindigo part (acceptor) strongly affects the isomerization behavior. HTI is the dominating photochromic unit in this system but the substitution pattern on the triarylamine (TAA) moiety causes unusually strong changes in the photostationary states (PSS) and thermal stabilities. Electron‐withdrawing substituents (such as cyano groups) strongly improve thermal stabilities and enrich the E‐isomer content in the photostationary state, however electron‐donating substituents play a converse effect, for example, in the solvents hexane and tetrachloroethene. The low E ratio in the PSS in more polar solvents, such as acetonitrile, can be explained by a very fast thermal back reaction and formation of a new decay state in OMe‐substituted compounds.
Determination of GnRH and its synthetic analogues' abuse in doping control: Small bioactive peptide UPLC–MS/MS method extension by addition of in vitro and in vivo metabolism data; evaluation of LH and steroid profile parameter fluctuations as suitable biomarkers
Authors: Zvereva Irina , Dudko Grigory , Dikunets Marina
Published: August 2017

Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and its small peptide synthetic analogues are included in Section S2 of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List as they stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and testicular testosterone (T) secretion. Both the following approaches can be applied for determination of abuse of these peptides: direct identification of intact compounds and their metabolites in athletes' biofluids and evaluation of LH and T concentrations as mediate markers of drug intake. To develop an effective concept for GnRH and its analogues determination in anti‐doping control, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A new method was applied to the evaluation of the slow‐release profile of buserelin, goserelin, and leuprolide biodegradable microspheres after the intramuscular injection in male volunteers. Eight metabolites of 10 GnRH analogues were identified after incubation with human kidney microsomes, most of them were leuprolide degradation products. Obtained data were added into ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for GnRH analogues determination. The detection time windows for administered peptides and their metabolites in urine samples were evaluated with 2 sample preparation techniques: dilute‐and‐shoot and solid‐phase extraction. To support the second hypothesis, the measurement of LH and the main parameters of the steroid profile were performed in urine samples. Just 1 compound among those investigated resulted in the LH concentration dropping to non‐physiological levels. Thus, for doping‐control purposes, monitoring of hormone levels fluctuations could be applied only together with longitudinal passport steroid profile data.
State‐dependent behavior alters endocrine–energy relationship: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Jesmer Brett R. , Goheen Jacob R. , Monteith Kevin L. , Kauffman Matthew J.
Published: August 2017

Glucocorticoids (GC) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two endocrine markers commonly used to quantify resource limitation, yet the relationships between these markers and the energetic state of animals has been studied primarily in small‐bodied species in captivity. Free‐ranging animals, however, adjust energy intake in accordance with their energy reserves, a behavior known as state‐dependent foraging. Further, links between life‐history strategies and metabolic allometries cause energy intake and energy reserves to be more strongly coupled in small animals relative to large animals. Because GC and T3 may reflect energy intake or energy reserves, state‐dependent foraging and body size may cause endocrine–energy relationships to vary among taxa and environments. To extend the utility of endocrine markers to large‐bodied, free‐ranging animals, we evaluated how state‐dependent foraging, energy reserves, and energy intake influenced fecal GC and fecal T3 concentrations in free‐ranging moose (Alces alces). Compared with individuals possessing abundant energy reserves, individuals with few energy reserves had higher energy intake and high fecal T3 concentrations, thereby supporting state‐dependent foraging. Although fecal GC did not vary strongly with energy reserves, individuals with higher fecal GC tended to have fewer energy reserves and substantially greater energy intake than those with low fecal GC. Consequently, individuals with greater energy intake had both high fecal T3 and high fecal GC concentrations, a pattern inconsistent with previous documentation from captive animal studies. We posit that a positive relationship between GC and T3 may be expected in animals exhibiting state‐dependent foraging if GC is associated with increased foraging and energy intake. Thus, we recommend that additional investigations of GC– and T3–energy relationships be conducted in free‐ranging animals across a diversity of body size and life‐history strategies before these endocrine markers are applied broadly to wildlife conservation and management.
Interactions between soil‐dwelling arthropod predators and Ixodes scapularis under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Burtis J. C. , Pflueger C.
Published: August 2017

The primary vector for Lyme disease and several other medically significant tick‐borne diseases, Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick), spends over 95% of its two‐year life cycle exposed to the soil environment. However, the effect of soil‐dwelling arthropod predator populations on I. scapularis survival either in the laboratory or under field conditions is unclear. We collected soil‐dwelling obligate arthropod predators from the field, representing 13 taxonomic families, and investigated whether they would target two I. scapularis life stages (nymph/engorged larva) under laboratory conditions. After 48 h, 30.6% of the predator species targeted I. scapularis nymphs, while 41.3% targeted engorged larvae. One spider species, Schizocosa ocreata, targeted both I. scapularis life stages reliably under laboratory conditions. We used this species to test whether an arthropod predator would affect I. scapularis survival in field microcosms which contained alternative prey items and a complex soil environment. We also investigated the direct and indirect effects of surface litter on I. scapularis survival by removing the leaf litter layer from half of the microcosms. Predator addition reduced the number of nymphs recovered from the microcosms after 21 d by 32.9%. Litter removal also had a negative effect on tick survival, and interacted weakly with the addition of a predator further decreasing tick survival. Additionally, we found that when leaf litter was removed, I. scapularis survival was positively correlated with the organic matter content of the soil within the microcosms. Naturally occurring arthropod predators may play an important role in regulating population dynamics of I. scapularis and show potential as biological control agents for use in integrated pest management protocols.
Isolating Equatorial and Oxo Based Influences on Uranyl Vibrational Spectroscopy in a Family of Hybrid Materials Featuring Halogen Bonding Interactions with Uranyl Oxo Atoms
Authors: Kalaj Mark , Carter Korey P. , Cahill Christopher L.
Published: August 2017

The syntheses and crystal structures of six new complexes containing the UO22+ cation, m‐ or p‐halobenzoic acid ligands (where halogens are Cl and I), and the chelating N‐donors 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) (1, 3, 4, and 6) or 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (terpy) (7 and 9) are described and compared to UO2‐m‐bromo‐ and p‐bromobenzoic analogues (2, 5, and 8) that have been reported previously. The spectroscopic properties (both vibrational and luminescence) for all nine complexes along with stretching and interaction force constants are reported and redshifts are noted as the electron‐donating ability of the chelating N‐donors increases. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of these complexes shows that whereas inclusion of a chelating ligand (i.e. phen or terpy) in the uranyl first coordination sphere is important for limiting tecton diversity, variation of the position and identity of the halogen atom on the benzoic acid ligand exert much greater influence in terms of driving halogen bonding interactions with the uranyl oxo atoms. In particular, the polarizability of the selected halogen atom is shown to be the most important criterion for engineering oxo atom participation in noncovalent assembly. Spectroscopic analysis of complexes 1–9, however, demonstrates that vibrational spectra are impacted most by the degree of electron donation by equatorial N‐donor ligands, and that in some cases, such donation may also facilitate oxo interactions with otherwise unfavorable halogen bond donors.
Poly (N‐acryloxysuccinimide‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith and its post polymerization modification with alkyl ligands, trypsin and lectins for reversed‐phase chromatography, miniaturized enzyme reactors and lectin affinity chromatography, respectively
Authors: Jonnada Murthy , El Rassi Ziad
Published: August 2017

This investigation was aimed at introducing a monolithic precursor that can be conveniently grafted with the desired chromatographic ligand via the process of post polymerization modification (PPM). The precursor was obtained by the in‐situ polymerization of N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) in a narrow bore stainless steel column of 1 mm i.d. yielding a poly(NAS‐co‐EDMA) monolithic column designated as the poly(NAS‐co‐EDMA) monolith (NASM) column. In a first PPM, the NASM column was bonded with octadecyl (OD) ligands yielding a nonpolar NASM‐OD column that proved useful for reversed phase chromatography (RPC) of proteins in gradient elution at increasing %ACN in the mobile phase. NASM‐OD resulted from the reaction between the N‐hydroxysuccinimide of NASM with octadecyl amine. In a second PPM, NASM was surface immobilized with trypsin generating a proteolytic narrow bore enzyme reactor called NASM‐trypsin immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) that permitted the online digestion of proteins in a 20‐min single pass through the IMER incorporated in a setup equipped with a short RPC column to achieve simultaneously a peptide tryptic map. This constituted a rapid turnover whereby ∼95% of the protein was hydrolyzed by the immobilized trypsin. In a third PPM, the NASM column was surface immobilized with three different lectins (LCA, Con A and RCA) having complementary affinities toward serum glycoproteins thus permitting the capture of a wide range of glycoproteins/glycoforms. The three NASM‐lectin columns when operated in a tandem format led to assessing the level of the various glycoforms in human serum via LC‐MS/MS analysis of the captured protein fractions by each NASM‐lectin column.
Gateway selection and clustering in multi‐interface wireless mesh networks considering network reliability and traffic
Authors: Bozorgchenani Arash , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Tarchi Daniele
Published: August 2017

This work considers the gateway selection and clustering problem in a multi‐interface wireless mesh network. The evolved reliability and traffic‐aware gateway selection scheme is here introduced to increase the performance in terms of throughput. There are 2 main phases in the proposed idea. In the first step, some Internet Gateway Candidates are selected from the mesh nodes in the network, based on the network traffic. Then, in the second step, using the path tracing method, the best of these candidates are selected as Internet gateways. Moreover, to decrease the network energy consumption, a refined evolved reliability and traffic‐aware gateway selection scheme is also proposed whose effect in simulation is shown. A clustering method is later proposed exploiting the genetic algorithm to give priority to the nodes with the shortest hop to connect to the cluster head. Simulation results demonstrate how our gateway selection and clustering scheme outperforms 2 successful approaches in terms of throughput and network energy consumption.
Awa: Using water distribution systems to transmit data
Authors: Joseph Karun M. , Watteyne Thomas , Kerkez Branko
Published: August 2017

This article presents Awa, a real‐time wireless monitoring solution for urban water distribution systems (WDSs). The Awa system is composed of a distributed network of low‐cost sensor nodes that can be quickly installed on water pipes. Rather than using conventional radio signals, which are attenuated in underground environments, the nodes use the actual water‐filled pipe as the transmission medium to communicate with one another. This permits the use of an already existing water infrastructure in the deployment of large wireless sensor networks. We describe the development and evaluation of novel and battery‐powered sensor nodes that can be magnetically clipped to valves and hard‐to‐access points in WDSs without requiring digging or cutting of pipes. A channel characterization is carried out and a number of data modulation schemes are evaluated across a 110‐m section of pipe in an operational WDSs. We identify a near‐optimal frequency (near 500 Hz) for transmitting data. We demonstrate communication at 100 bps across a real‐world water pipe using amplitude modulation. Not unlike radio‐frequency wireless, we also measure the highly nonstationary effects of multipath fading. The article also contains an in‐depth discussion about the opportunities that this emerging communication technology offers in the context of city‐wide leak detection and flow monitoring.
Choosing and booking—and attending? Impact of an electronic booking system on outpatient referrals and non‐attendances
Authors: Dusheiko Mark , Gravelle Hugh
Published: August 2017

Patient non‐attendance can lead to worse health outcomes and longer waiting times. In the English National Health Service, around 7% of patients who are referred by their general practice for a hospital outpatient appointment fail to attend. An electronic booking system (Choose and Book—C&B) for general practices making hospital outpatient appointments was introduced in England in 2005 and by 2009 accounted for 50% of appointments. It was intended, inter alia, to reduce the rate of non‐attendance. Using a 2004–2009 panel with 7,900 English general practices, allowing for the relaxation of constraints on patient of hospital, and for the potential endogeneity of use of C&B, we estimate that the introduction of C&B reduced non‐attendance by referred patients in 2009 by 72,160 (8.7%).
Water isotopes and hydrograph separation in different glacial catchments in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pu Tao , Qin Dahe , Kang Shichang , Niu HeWen , He Yuanqing , Wang Shijin
Published: August 2017

Snow and glaciers are known to be important sources for freshwater; nevertheless, our understanding of the hydrological functioning of glacial catchments remains limited when compared with lower altitude catchments. In this study, a temperate glacial region located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is selected to analyse the characteristics of δ18O and δD in different water sources and the contribution of glacier–snow meltwater to streamflow. The results indicate that the δ18O of river water ranges from −16.2‰ to −10.2‰ with a mean of −14.1‰ and that the δD values range from −117.0‰ to −68.0‰ with a mean of −103.1‰. These values are more negative than those of glacier–snow meltwater but less negative than those of precipitation. The d‐excess values are found to decrease from meltwater to river to lake/reservoir water as a result of evaporation. On the basis of hydrograph separation, glacier–snow meltwater accounts for 51.5% of river water in the Baishui catchment in the melting season. In the Yanggong catchment, snow meltwater contributes 47.9% to river water in the premonsoon period, and glacier meltwater contributes only 6.8% in the monsoon period. The uncertainty in hydrograph separation is sensitive to the variation of tracer concentrations of streamflow components. The input of meltwater to a water system varies with local climate and glacier changes. The results confirm that hydrograph separation using water isotopes is valuable for evaluating the recharge sources of rivers, especially in ungauged glacial regions. This study provides insights into the hydrological processes of glacial catchments on the Tibetan Plateau, which is important for water resource management.
Lake ice and temperature trends for Ontario and Manitoba: 2001 to 2014
Authors: Murfitt Justin , Brown Laura C.
Published: August 2017

Lakes are a prominent geographic feature in northern landscapes and play an important role in understanding regional climate systems. In order to better model changes within climate systems, it is important to study lake ice processes. Although the availability of records for lake ice through ground measurements has declined in recent years, the increased use of remote sensing provides an alternative to this. Using a preclassified snow and ice remote sensing product with a 500‐m resolution, based on images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS/MOD10A1), and the use of measured and reanalysis temperature data, this study evaluated lake ice phenology dates in connection to recent trends in temperature and 0 °C isotherms within Ontario and Manitoba between 2001 and 2014. Temperature trends indicated both regional warming and cooling, with significant cooling observed in Southern Ontario (p < .05) and significant warming in Southern Manitoba (p < .1) during the fall. Spatial analysis of the trends in the lake ice data showed significant clustering of significant trends in ice on dates (p < .01). When analysing the trends in ice phenology in connection to the trends in temperature, it was found that 70% of lakes experienced a change in the ice on date with the expected change in temperature and 85% of lakes for ice off date. When shifting ice on and ice off dates are investigated in relation to 0 °C isotherms, it was seen that 80% of ice on dates and 100% of ice off dates shifted in sync with the isotherm dates. This demonstrates that the ice phenology of lakes in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, is responding to short‐term variability in temperature. The MODIS product could be used to investigate ice phenology on a large scale and contribute towards expanding existing records of ice phenology. Establishing long‐term ice records could be a valuable asset for other research ranging from water balance studies to the response of lake biota under changing climate.
Mast Cells Are Critical Regulators of Bone Fracture–Induced Inflammation and Osteoclast Formation and Activity
Authors: Kroner Jochen , Kovtun Anna , Kemmler Julia , Messmann Joanna J , Strauss Gudrun , Seitz Sebastian , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Kotrba Johanna , Froebel Julia , Dudeck Jan , Dudeck Anne , Ignatius Anita
Published: August 2017

Mast cells, important sensor and effector cells of the immune system, may influence bone metabolism as their number is increased in osteoporotic patients. They are also present during bone fracture healing with currently unknown functions. Using a novel c-Kit-independent mouse model of mast cell deficiency, we demonstrated that mast cells did not affect physiological bone turnover. However, they triggered local and systemic inflammation after fracture by inducing release of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of innate immune cells. In later healing stages, mast cells accumulated and regulated osteoclast activity to remodel the bony fracture callus. Furthermore, they were essential to induce osteoclast formation after ovariectomy. Additional in vitro studies revealed that they promote osteoclastogenesis via granular mediators, mainly histamine. In conclusion, mast cells are redundant in physiologic bone turnover but exert crucial functions after challenging the system, implicating mast cells as a potential target for treating inflammatory bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Characterization and assessment of potential microRNAs involved in phosphate‐induced aortic calcification
Authors: Fakhry Maya , Skafi Najwa , Fayyad‐Kazan Mohammad , Kobeissy Firas , Hamade Eva , Mebarek Saida , Habib Aida , Borghol Nada , Zeidan Asad , Magne David , Fayyad‐Kazan Hussein , Badran Bassam
Published: August 2017

Medial artery calcification, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), is known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Hyperphosphatemia associated with CKD is a strong stimulator of vascular calcification but the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain not fully understood. We showed that calcification was induced after exposing Sprague‐Dawley rat aortic explants to high inorganic phosphate level (Pi, 6 mM) as examined by Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining. This calcification was associated with high Tissue‐Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) activity, vascular smooth muscle cells de‐differentiation, manifested by downregulation of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) protein expression which was assessed by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, and trans‐differentiation into osteo‐chondrocyte‐like cells revealed by upregulation of Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), TNAP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA levels which were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. To unravel the possible mechanism(s) involved in this process, microRNA (miR) expression profile, which was assessed using TLDA technique and thereafter confirmed by individual qRT‐PCR, revealed differential expression 10 miRs, five at day 3 and 5 at day 6 post Pi treatment versus control untreated aortas. At day 3, miR‐200c, ‐155, 322 were upregulated and miR‐708 and 331 were downregulated. After 6 days of treatment, miR‐328, ‐546, ‐301a were upregulated while miR‐409 and miR‐542 were downregulated. Our results indicate that high Pi levels trigger aortic calcification and modulation of certain miRs. These observations suggest that mechanisms regulating aortic calcification might involve miRs, which warrant further investigations in future studies.
Inhibition of ZL55 cell proliferation by ADP via PKC‐dependent signalling pathway
Authors: Muscella Antonella , Cossa Luca G. , Vetrugno Carla , Antonaci Giovanna , Marsigliante Santo
Published: August 2017

Extracellular nucleotides can regulate cell proliferation in both normal and tumorigenic tissues. Here, we studied how extracellular nucleotides regulate the proliferation of ZL55 cells, a mesothelioma‐derived cell line obtained from bioptic samples of asbestos‐exposed patients. ADP and 2‐MeS‐ADP inhibited ZL55 cell proliferation, whereas ATP, UTP, and UDP were inactive. The nucleotide potency profile and the blockade of the ADP‐mediated inhibitory effect by the phospholipase C inhibitor U‐73122 suggest that P2Y1 receptor controls ZL55 cell proliferation. The activation of P2Y1 receptor by ADP leads to activation of intracellular transduction pathways involving [Ca2+]i, PKC‐δ/PKC‐α, and MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Cell treatment with ADP or 2‐MeS‐ADP also provokes the activation of p53, causing an accumulation of the G1 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27Kip. Inhibition of ZL55 cell proliferation by ADP was completely reversed by inhibiting MEK1/2, or JNK1/2, or PKC‐δ, and PKC‐α. Through the inhibition of ADP‐activated transductional kinases it was found that PKC‐δ was responsible for JNK1/2 activation. JNK1/2 has a role in transcriptional up‐regulation of p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p27kip1. Conversely, the ADP‐activated PKC‐α provoked ERK1/2 phosphorylation. ERK1/2 increased p53 stabilization, required to G1 arrest of ZL55 cells. Concluding, the importance of the study is twofold: first, results shed light on the mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by ADP; second, results suggest that extracellular ADP may inhibit mesothelioma progression.
Double sex and mab‐3 related transcription factor 1 regulates differentiation and proliferation in dairy goat male germline stem cells
Authors: Wei Yudong , Cai Shufang , Ma Fanglin , Zhang Ying , Zhou Zhe , Xu Shuanshuan , Zhang Mengfei , Peng Sha , Hua Jinlian
Published: August 2017

The protein encoded by double sex and mab‐3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) gene contains a double sex/mab‐3 domain, which was considered as one of the most conservative structures in sex determination. However, its effect on spermatogenesis of dairy goat spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) remains to be clarified. For the first time, the roles of Dmrt1 in spermatogenesis of livestock are highlighted. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of Dmrt1 in the testes of dairy goats. Dmrt1 primarily located in undifferentiated SSCs. Moreover, Dmrt1 enhanced differentiation and proliferation of mGSCs. On the contrary, the level of meiosis was down‐regulated, as Dmrt1 determines whether SSCs undergo mitosis and spermatogonial differentiation or meiosis. In the busulfan‐treated mice testes, Dmrt1 repair germ cell damage was emphasized as well. Our results exposed that Dmrt1 maintenance mGSCs in two ways: facilitating proliferation and self‐renewal of SSCs; and reducing the inflammatory response caused by reproductive injury. These findings identify a central role for Dmrt1 in controlling population stability and injury restoring of SSCs.
Characterization of a novel EB1 acetylation site important for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and cargo recruitment
Authors: Xie Songbo , Yang Yang , Lin Xiaochen , Zhou Jun , Li Dengwen , Liu Min
Published: August 2017

Microtubule plus ends undergo highly dynamic modifications to regulate different aspects of cellular activities. Most microtubule plus‐end tracking proteins (+TIPs) are recruited to the microtubule ends by the master loading factor, end‐binding protein 1 (EB1). These proteins coordinately regulate microtubule dynamics and cellular plasticity. Acetylation is known to modulate EB1 function; however, the molecular details of EB1 acetylation remain largely unclear. We mapped the acetylation pattern of EB1 and identified several previously uncharacterized sites of EB1 acetylation. We examined the effects of lysine‐212 (K212) acetylation and found that acetylation of this site accelerates autophagy‐mediated EB1 degradation. By time‐lapse microscopy, we found that the acetylation‐deficient K212R mutant increased the percentage of fast‐growing and long‐lived microtubules. Although K212 acetylation did not affect microtubule stability in vitro and the association of EB1 with microtubules, the K212R mutant significantly promoted microtubule regrowth in cells. Coimmunoprecipitation assays further revealed that the K212 site was critical for the recruitment of different +TIP cargoes. These data thus uncover a critical role for a novel EB1 acetylation site in regulating the dynamic structure of microtubules.
Crosstalk of ER stress‐mediated autophagy and ER‐phagy: Involvement of UPR and the core autophagy machinery
Authors: Song Shuling , Tan Jin , Miao Yuyang , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2017

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a common cellular stress response, is closely related to the activation of autophagy that is an important and evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy induced by ER stress mainly includes the ER stress‐mediated autophagy and ER‐phagy. The ER stress‐mediated autophagy is characterized by the generation of autophagosomes that include worn‐out proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles. While the autophagosomes of ER‐phagy selectively include ER membranes, and the double membranes also derive, at least in part, from the ER. The signaling pathways of IRE1α, PERK, ATF6, and Ca2+ are necessary for the activation of ER stress‐mediated autophagy, while the receptor‐mediated selective ER‐phagy degrades the ER is Atg40/FAM134B. The ER stress‐mediated autophagy and ER‐phagy not only have differences, but also have connections. The activation of ER‐phagy requires the core autophagy machinery, and the ER‐phagy may be a branch of ER stress‐mediated autophagy that selectively targets the ER. However, the determined factors that control the changeover switch between ER stress‐mediated autophagy and ER‐phagy are largely obscure, which may be associated with the type of cells and the extent of stimulation. This review summarized the crosstalk between ER stress‐mediated autophagy and ER‐phagy and their signaling networks. Additionally, we discussed the possible factors that influence the type of autophagy induced by ER stress.
Cover Image, Volume 92, Issue 9
Authors: Díaz José Antonio , Skrzyńska Elżbieta , Zaid Soraya , Girardon Jean‐Sébastien , Capron Mickaël , Dumeignil Franck , Fongarland Pascal
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by José Antonio Díaz et al., is based on the Research Article Kinetic modelling of the glycerol oxidation in the liquid phase: comparison of Pt, Au and Ag AS active phases, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5296. Photo Credit: CNRS Photothèque / Cyril FRESILLON.

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Generalization of the disruptive effects of alternative stimuli when combined with target stimuli in extinction
Authors: Podlesnik Christopher A. , Miranda‐Dukoski Ludmila , Jonas Chan C. K. , Bland Vikki J. , Bai John Y. H.
Published: August 2017

Differential‐reinforcement treatments reduce target problem behavior in the short term but at the expense of making it more persistent long term. Basic and translational research based on behavioral momentum theory suggests that combining features of stimuli governing an alternative response with the stimuli governing target responding could make target responding less persistent. However, changes to the alternative stimulus context when combining alternative and target stimuli could diminish the effectiveness of the alternative stimulus in reducing target responding. In an animal model with pigeons, the present study reinforced responding in the presence of target and alternative stimuli. When combining the alternative and target stimuli during extinction, we altered the alternative stimulus through changes in line orientation. We found that (1) combining alternative and target stimuli in extinction more effectively decreased target responding than presenting the target stimulus on its own; (2) combining these stimuli was more effective in decreasing target responding trained with lower reinforcement rates; and (3) changing the alternative stimulus reduced its effectiveness when it was combined with the target stimulus. Therefore, changing alternative stimuli (e.g., therapist, clinical setting) during behavioral treatments that combine alternative and target stimuli could reduce the effectiveness of those treatments in disrupting problem behavior.
Is talking to yourself thinking?
Authors: Rachlin Howard
Published: August 2017

The question whether talking to yourself is thinking is considered from two viewpoints: radical behaviorism and teleological behaviorism. For radical behaviorism, following Skinner (1945), mental events such as ‘thinking’ may be explained in terms of private behavior occurring within the body, ordinarily unobservable by other people; thus, radical behaviorism may identify talking to yourself with thinking. However, to be consistent with its basic principles, radical behaviorism must hold that private behavior, hence thinking, is identical with covert muscular, speech movements (rather than proprioception of those movements). For teleological behaviorism, following Skinner (1938), all mental terms, including ‘thinking,’ stand for abstract, temporally extended patterns of overt behavior. Thus, for teleological behaviorism, talking to yourself, covert by definition, cannot be thinking.
MRI of patients with implanted cardiac devices
Authors: Kalb Bobby , Indik Julia H. , Ott Peter , Martin Diego R.
Published: August 2017

Cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) have historically been regarded as a contraindication for performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting the availability of this exam for large numbers of patients who may have otherwise benefited from the unique diagnostic capabilities of MRI. Interactions between CIEDs and the magnetic field associated with MRI systems have been documented, and include potential effects on CIED function, lead heating, and force/torque on the generator. Several device manufacturers have developed “MR‐Conditional” CIEDs with specific hardware and software design changes to optimize the device for the MR environment. However, a substantial body of evidence has been accumulating that suggests that MRI may be safely performed in patients with either conditional or nonconditional CIEDs. Institutional policies and procedures, including preexam screening and assessment by skilled electrophysiology personnel and intraexam monitoring, allow MRI to be safely performed in CIED patients, as evidenced by at least two, large multicenter prospective studies and multiple smaller, single‐institution studies. Cross‐departmental collaboration and a robust safety infrastructure at sites that perform MRI should allow for the safe imaging of CIED patients who have a clinical indication for the study, regardless of the conditionality status of the device.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 5

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:595–603.
Distinct changing profiles of hepatitis A and E virus infection among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia: The first report of the full genome sequence of a novel genotype 1 hepatitis E virus strain
Authors: Tsatsralt‐Od Bira , Primadharsini Putu Prathiwi , Nishizawa Tsutomu , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Nagashima Shigeo , Takahashi Masaharu , Jirintai Suljid , Nyamkhuu Dulmaa , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: August 2017

In January 2012, Mongolia started a hepatitis A vaccination program, which has not yet been evaluated. The first occurrence of autochthonous acute hepatitis E in 2013, caused by genotype 4 hepatitis E virus (HEV), suggests the need for a routine study to monitor its prevalence. One hundred fifty‐four consecutive patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute hepatitis between 2014 and 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia were studied. By serological and molecular testing followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, only one patient (0.6%) was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A, caused by genotype IA hepatitis A virus (HAV), and 32 (20.8%) patients were diagnosed with acute hepatitis E, caused by genotype 1 HEV. The 32 HEV isolates obtained in this study shared 99.5‐100% nucleotide identity and were grouped into a cluster separated from those of subtypes 1a to 1f. Upon comparison of p‐distances over the entire genome, the distances between one representative HEV isolate (MNE15‐072) and 1a‐1f strains were 0.071‐0.137, while those between 1b and 1c were 0.062‐0.070. In conclusion, the prevalence of acute hepatitis A has decreased in Mongolia since the start of the vaccination program, while the monophyletic genotype 1 HEV strain of a probably novel subtype has been prevalent.
Vein wrapping facilitates basic fibroblast growth factor‐induced heme oxygenase‐1 expression following chronic nerve constriction injury
Authors: Hirosawa Naoya , Uchida Kentaro , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Murakami Kenichi , Inoue Gen , Miyagi Masayuki , Matsuura Yusuke , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhide , Suzuki Takane , Takaso Masashi , Ohtori Seiji
Published: August 2017

The clinical efficacy of autologous vein wrapping for recurrent compressive neuropathy has been demonstrated; however, the underlying mechanisms of this technique remain unclear. Rats were divided into chronic constriction injury (CCI) and CCI + vein wrapping (CCI + VW) groups. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filaments. To identify the neuroprotective factors released from veins, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA expression in veins was compared to that in the sciatic nerve. The response of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression to vein wrapping was evaluated by RT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The effects of exogenous bFGF on HO‐1 expression were evaluated using a sciatic nerve cell culture. Vein wrapping significantly increased the withdraw threshold levels compared to the untreated CCI group. bFGF mRNA expression in veins was higher than that in untreated sciatic nerves. HO‐1 mRNA expression was induced at higher levels in sciatic nerve cells in the presence of exogenous bFGF compared to untreated control cells. HO‐1 mRNA and protein expression in the sciatic nerve were also higher in the CCI + VW group compared with the CCI group. Our results suggest that vein‐derived bFGF contributes to the therapeutic benefit of vein wrapping through the induction of HO‐1 in the sciatic nerve. Vein wrapping is a useful technique for reducing neuropathic pain. Further understanding of the neurotrophic factors released from veins may help to optimize current procedures for treating recurrent compressive neuropathy and traumatic peripheral nerve injury, and lead to the development of new therapeutic methods using recombinant neurotrophic factors. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:898–905, 2018.