bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell phone radiation effect on osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Nelwan Sindy Cornelia , Tedjosasongko Udijanto , Puteri Mega Moeharyono , Wicaksono Dimas Prasetianto , Leo Leviena Merlynike , Ardiana Hana Ai , Rahmawati Siti , Nowwarote Nunthawan
Published: February 2024

Background: Electromagnetic fields are forces associated with moving electric charges and have electrical, magnetic components and contain electromagnetic energy, one of which is radio frequency (RF) energy which is commonly used in telecommunications. Cell phones are one of the RF electromagnetic radiation devices that can emit 90-2450 MHz waves and are often placed near the head. The human body works like an electromagnetic field in that each cell has its own electrical circuit characteristics. As the number of electromagnetic radiation devices in the environment increases, the electromagnetic balance in the human body may be disturbed by the magnetic waves produced by cell phones. Electromagnetic radiation is known to have the ability to induce oxidative stress, which is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. The accumulation of ROS in the body leads to osteoblast cell death. Osteoblasts are needed for mineralization of the extracellular matrix during bone growth. Therefore, bone growth is not optimal and can caused malocclusion. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between electromagnetic radiation and osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels. Methods: Experimental laboratory research with a pre- and post-control group design approach was carried out on 12 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Osteocalcin and BALP serum levels were calculated before and after treatment. This study used the t-test as a comparative study (p<0.05). Results: There are significant differences in osteocalcin and BALP values between the treatment groups before and after treatment. Conclusion: Cell phone radiations (electromagnetic field exposure) reduce osteocalcin and BALP serum levels.
The role of continuous moderate-intensity exercise on increasing collagen density after tooth extraction
Authors: Irmawati Anis , Melinda Nadya , Tantiana  , Azzaim Yassir Ahmad , Balqis Noor Faizah , Al-Tayar Baher
Published: February 2024

Background: The wound healing process post-extraction is expected to be quick, which can reduce the risk of complications and restore normal tissue function. A minimum oxygen supply needs to be met so that acceleration of the wound healing process can occur. Wound healing can be accelerated by continuous moderate-intensity exercise with increasing tissue oxygenation. Collagen requires oxygen in the procollagen formation process to support wound healing. Purpose: This study aimed to prove the role of continuous moderate-intensity exercise in increasing collagen density in the dental sockets of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after tooth extraction. Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats were created: control groups K1 (on day 3) and K2 (on day 7), and treatment groups K3 (on day 3) and K4 (on day 7). K1 and K2 were submerged in a bucket of water, and K3 and K4 received daily moderate-intensity exercise for a duration of two weeks. The rats’ incisors were extracted on the day 15. Post-extraction collagen density was measured on day 3 (K1 and K3) and on day 7 (K2 and K4). The one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: There was a significant difference between all groups (p: 0.0001; p<0.05). Group K4 had a higher collagen density than the other groups. Conclusion: Continuous moderate-intensity exercise played a role in increasing the density of collagen in the rat tooth socket after tooth extraction.
Effect of audiovisual distraction on pediatric dental anxiety: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Padmanabhan Vivek , Raidullah Najma , Kamel Balsam
Published: February 2024

Background: Children’s oral health and clinical management are significantly affected by dental fear and anxiety. Purpose: This study investigates the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in reducing the anxiety levels of children visiting for dental treatment. Methods: Sixty pediatric patients ages 6–10 years were included in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups—a study group and a control group—of 30 patients each. The study group was provided with a tablet and headphones that played their favorite shows, and the control group was not provided with any gadgets. For both groups, anxiety levels were scored using the Facial Image Scale. A two-way repeated-measure ANOVA test was used to compare the levels of dental anxiety among the study and control groups at three intervals: before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment. For the tests, the statistically significant difference was assumed at a p ≤ 0.05. Results: The children of both study and control groups had the same anxiety levels (p > 0.05) before the treatment. The study group had reduced anxiety levels compared to the children in the control group during and after the treatment, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: A child’s favorite show can be played using a tablet and headphones for the child, as it has been shown to be an effective and easy method to reduce anxiety in children visiting dentists for operative procedures. This technique of distraction also reduces post-operative stress on the pediatric dentist.
The role of purple leaves extract (Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff) on the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the socket after tooth extraction
Authors: Kurniawati Atik , Kristanti Yuli Dwi , Rahmat Naila Azifatur , Rahayu Yani Corvianindya , Cholid Zainul , Sosiawan Agung
Published: February 2024

Background: Tooth extraction is the process of removing teeth from the alveolus. It will leave a mark on the socket and surrounding soft tissue. One of the cells that plays an important role in the wound healing process after tooth extraction is fibroblasts. When an injury occurs, some blood vessels are damaged; therefore, new blood vessels need to form. Purple leaves extract could be an alternative treatment for wound healing after tooth extraction as it contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the role of purple leaves extract on the increase in fibroblasts and blood vessels in the socket after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. Methods: The method used was a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only control group design. The samples used were 24 rats divided into two groups: the control group, which was given aquadest, and the treatment group, which was given 1.5 mL of purple leaves extract with 10% concentration by sondage. Tissue preparations were used to count fibroblasts, and blood vessels were counted and observed on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. Results: Statistical tests showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels between the control and treatment groups on days 3, 5, and 7. Conclusion: Purple leaves extract could increase the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the tooth socket after tooth extraction of Wistar rats.
Telemedicine in the management of temporomandibular disorders: A literature review
Authors: Chairunnisa Ricca , Shabrina Aliyya , Sukotjo Cortino
Published: February 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders are clinical disorders involving the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joints, and related structures. There are several treatments, such as self-help exercises, that can be done at home using remote care, often called telemedicine, after the patient has been directed to do so by a practitioner and evaluated during regular visits. Along with advancement of the times and technology, as well as with the prevention of COVID-19, telemedicine may currently be the main means of self-care for patients at home without losing the supervision of a doctor. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using telemedicine in the management of temporomandibular disorders. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken using literature search methods in electronic databases: PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The keywords were “(Telemedicine OR Teledentistry) AND (Temporomandibular disorder) AND (Effect).” The inclusion criteria for selection of the scientific articles were publication from 2012 to 2022, publication in English, and the full paper being available. Results: Seven articles have been included in this review. Based on the results of this systematic study, using telemedicine is considered able to assist the management of temporomandibular disorders by conducting consultation, follow-up, and treatment remotely via telephone, smartphone application, or internet-based or website-based applications. Conclusion: Telemedicine makes it easier for patients who do not have access to a health center to receive consultations and treatments from home, minimizing time and costs.
Osmanlı Okullarında Türkçenin Öğretimine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: AZAP Eralp Yaşar
Published: February 2024

Osmanlı Devleti’nde yüzyıllarca Müslim ve gayrimüslim grupların anadilleri dışında konuştuğu ve yazdığı ama hepsinin ötesinde devletin resmî yazışmalarında kullandığı Türk dili, klasik dönemden itibaren Osmanlı okullarında ve bilhassa Müslümanların devam ettiği eğitim kurumlarında öğretilmekteydi. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Türkçenin öğretiminde formel ve müfredat temelli bir sisteme geçildi. Bu durumda, eğitimi sistemli ve kurumsal bir çatı altına almaya çalışan Maarif Nezareti ve ona bağlı çalışan müesseseler önemli bir pay sahibiydi. Maarif Nezaretinin tesisiyle eğitimde branşlaşma ve okullaşmanın yaygınlaştırılması ve yetersiz görülen tüm eğitim-öğretim bileşenlerinin de ıslahı gündeme geldi. Bu çalışma, Kanunuesasinin ilanı ile beraber devletin resmî dili ilan edilen Türkçenin; modernleşen Müslüman ve gayrimüslim Osmanlı okullarındaki öğretimi, alanda nasıl öğretmen yetiştirildiği, öğretmenlerin istihdamı, dersin müfredatı ve materyalleri ile öğretimi esnasında düzenli olarak yapılmaya çalışılan teftişlerin ilgili hususlar kapsamındaki pratiklerini ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, başta birincil kaynak hüviyetinde olan Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri olmak üzere, dönemin müfredat ve nizamnameleriyle alanda yapılan çalışmaları içeren literatürden istifade edilecektir.
Pergeseran Makna qitāl dalam al-Qur’an Prespektif Toshihiko Izutsu: Kajian Semantika Tafsir
Authors: Ahnaf gilang ramadhan Ahnaf , Bhakti Pamungkas Alvian
Published: February 2024

In history, the term qitāl has existed for a long time, even long before the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his message in the form of the Qur'an. Then Islam came to complement the previous teachings. However, in this recent era, lafazh qitāl, which is often interpreted as a war between two camps or groups, has given rise to a negative view of Islam. Namely, there are accusations regarding terrorist and radical teachings in the Islamic religion, this is due to a misunderstanding of understanding this lafazh. Then a question arises, Are the accusations made against Islam true? So this research aims to examine in more depth the meaning of lafazh qitāl from time to time using semantic theory so that it can refute existing accusations regarding Islamic teachings. To answer this question, this research uses a descriptive-analytical method related to the meaning of qitāl pronunciation from the perspective of Toshihiko Izutsu's semantic theory, thus this research produces that qitāl pronunciation from this era has experienced development. Namely, it can be seen that in pre-Qur'anic times this meant killing, then in the Koranic era, it meant war that was defensive or defensive, after the revelation of the commandment verse for war this word developed into attack to control or be offensive, and following existing boundaries. Then in the end, this form of war does not always mean taking up arms so that bloodshed occurs, but means war with ideology that divides Muslims.
Kisah Ashḥāb Al-Ukhdūd dalam Al-Qur’an: Tinjauan Antropologi
Authors: Nur Falah Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: February 2024

The stories in the Koran are told in whole in one location, but they are sometimes told in fragments over numerous surahs. The story of ashḥāb al-ukhdūd is only told in QS. al-Buruj [85]: 4-9 at once not scattered in several surahs. The reason for the study is based on contextualization related to anthropology because the story of ashḥāb al-ukhdūd has involved agents in creating culture as a result of interpersonal relationships. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the story of ashḥāb al-ukhdūd in the Koran and its contextualization is related to anthropology. This study uses the library research method, with relevant and reliable sources, such as books, journals, theses, dissertations, etc. Answering the formulation of the problem, this research gives the result that the story of ashḥāb al-ukhdūd in the Koran, tells of the killing of Dzu Nuwas and his followers who had tortured the Christian population of Najran. In terms of contextualization related to anthropology, it implicitly contained power fanaticism as the heir to the customs, attitudes, and behavior of the main figure of ashḥāb al-ukhdūd, namely Dzu Nuwas and his followers. Their two lifestyle entities are against the apostleship of Prophet Isa As. along with its people and prioritize confrontational attitudes so as not to be surpassed by the existence of beliefs that have long been believed.
Dynamic Connectedness and Spillover Effects of CO2 Emissions Among EU Countries: Evidence from the TVP-VAR Connectedness Approach
Authors: Bucak Çağla , Catik Abdurrahman Nazif
Published: February 2024

This study explores spillover effects of carbon emissions among the 16 EU countries from 1980Q1 to 2023Q3, employing the TVP-VAR connectedness methodology introduced by Antonakakis et al. (2020). The findings reveal high connectedness, i.e. substantial spillover among the EU countries. Regarding net connectedness measures, the main transmitters of CO2 emissions are Germany and the UK whereas the main receivers are Greece and Bulgaria. This high connectedness underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among EU countries in formulating policies to mitigate environmental degradation. The findings also indicate a positive correlation between economic activity and pollution, with higher-income countries tending to contribute more to pollution spillover. Our results further suggest that EU member states should endeavor to increase the use of renewable energy sources while phasing out nonrenewable ones, in accordance with the overarching objective of environmental protection, which is to ensure effective environmental protection.
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate liver fibrosis by targeting Hedgehog/SMO signaling
Authors: Ruobin Zong , Yan Zheng , Yufei Yan , Wenao Sun , Liangyi Kong , Yating Huang , Yujie Liu , Changyong Li
Published: February 2024

Despite increasing knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrogenesis, there is currently no approved drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells representing an attractive therapeutic tool for tissue damage and inflammation. This study was designed to determine the protective effect and underlying mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis. We found that UC-MSCs and UC-MSCs-exosome (UC-MSCs-Exo) administration significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Intriguingly, UC-MSCs and UC-MSCs-Exo treatment down-regulated the expression of smoothened (SMO), a fundamental component of Hedgehog signaling which plays a critical role in fibrogenesis, and subsequently inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells, a central driver of fibrosis in experimental and human liver injury. In conclusion, our findings suggest that UC-MSCs exert therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis, at least in part, through inhibiting Hedgehog/SMO signaling pathway via a paracrine exosome mechanism.
“We are studying abroad and need to protect ourselves first”: A mixed-methods study of attitudes towards hepatitis B among university students in Australia of Chinese and Vietnamese background
Authors: Brener Loren , Horwitz Robyn , Cama Elena , Vu Hoang Minh Khoi , Jin Defeng , WU Eric , Rance Jake , Broady Timothy , Treloar Carla , Mao Limin , Okeke Sylvester , Bryant Joanne
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Hepatitis B is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of liver cancer across the world. In Australia, hepatitis B is largely endemic in migrant communities, particularly amongst the Chinese and Vietnamese communities. Negative attitudes towards hepatitis B can be a major barrier to hepatitis B testing and linkage to care. This mixed-methods research explores the attitudes and beliefs, including stigma, about hepatitis B among students of Vietnamese and Chinese background in Australia as students provide a point of entry to communities that otherwise may be hard to access.
Methods
Online surveys were distributed in Chinese, Vietnamese, and English via social media and completed by 112 students of Chinese and 95 students of Vietnamese backgrounds. Interviews were then conducted with 13 Vietnamese and 10 Chinese participants. In-depth interviews were also conducted to further explore the survey results in more details.
Results
Survey findings suggest that students have mixed attitudes towards people living with hepatitis B. Around half of the participants reported they would behave negatively towards other people with hepatitis B and that they would expect to experience stigma or discrimination if they had hepatitis B. While over 70% in both samples reported that people who have hepatitis B should not be isolated by family and friends, 47.6% of the Chinese sample and 28.3% of the Vietnamese sample reported they would avoid close contact with someone with hepatitis B. Similarly, contradictory explanations around hepatitis B stigma were noted in the qualitative data which supports the quantitative findings that stigma is driven by fear of contagion and misinformation about the virus.
Conclusion
This research provides insights that could inform culturally sensitive health promotion programs to address negative attitudes towards hepatitis B among the broader Chinese and Vietnamese communities living in Australia.
Association Between Tissue Accumulation of Skin Autofluorescence, Disease, and Exercise Capacity in Older Korean Adults
Authors: Sung Jun-Young , Kim Jiyoun
Published: February 2024

As a noninvasive marker of the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. This study aimed to address existing gaps by exploring the associations of SAF levels with diseases, body composition, and physical function in older Korean adults.
This study included 565 older participants (129 men; 436 women) from Incheon, South Korea. Participants registered across 12 institutions participated in the study over 3 months. SAF, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body composition, and fitness factors were measured. ﻿Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.
We confirmed that SAF levels were affected by age (> 3.4, p < 0.001), disease (> 3.4, p = 0.038), and fitness factors (> 3.4, p =0.035). Fitness factors, which also represent a major indicator of sarcopenia, were found to have a particularly pronounced effect.
This study demonstrated the relationship between SAF, disease, and fitness factors. We also confirmed that SAF could be involved in the expression and measurement of sarcopenia. However, further studies are warranted to validate these results in other populations and establish a clear baseline value for SAF in South Korea.
Photocatalytic ozonation using Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles for decolorization of azo dye Optimization using RSM
Authors: Rekhate Chhaya
Published: February 2024

The decolorization of azo dye was explored using Fe-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (FeT) UV radiation, and ozonation (UV/FeT/O3) process and process parameter are optimized using the most commonly used models of response surface methodology (RSM) viz. central composite design(CCD). The ozone concentration, initial pH, initial dye concentration, concentration of FeT catalyst, and decolorization efficiency as process response were investigated to develop a model using CCD. The developed regression model was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The value of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9778) confirmed that the developed CCD model was statistically significant. The optimum decolorization efficiency of 95.12% for UV/FeT/O3 was achieved at ozone concentration = 70 mgL− 1; pH = 08; initial dye concentration = 200 mgL− 1; catalyst concentration = 1gL− 1. The photocatalytic ozonation process has a synergy index value of 1.12 between ozonation and photocatalysis.
Application of Empirical Modeling to Predict the Spatial Distribution of Soil Thickness in a Mountainous Region with Deep Regolith
Authors: de Almeida Matheus Wanderley , Araújo João Paulo de Carvalho , Fernandes Nelson Ferreira , Melo Raquel
Published: February 2024

Predicting the spatial variation of soil thickness is essential to improve our understanding different hydrological and geomorphological processes, such as landslides, surface runoff generation, and, consequently, erosional processes. The variable “soil thickness” is also crucial for engineering with a focus on excavations and the construction of underground structures. Despite its importance, estimating the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the field is not an easy task, especially in tropical areas with thick soil mantles and highly undulating topography. This study focuses on estimating the spatial distribution of soil thickness based on empirical models that use topographic parameters, such as elevation, hillslope angle, curvature, topographic position index, and topographic wetness index. The four models used were tested in the Papagaio river basin, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Their parameterization and validation were implemented using data from 137 penetration tests carried out in the field with the usage of a light dynamic penetrometer (DPL), which indicates that the soil thickness may reach up to 15 m. The results provided information for a discussion concerning the strengths and limitations of each model. The best results were achieved by the model that considered the largest number of parameters to estimate soil thickness. The empirical models used here do not directly consider the erosional and depositional processes that occur in the landscape. Therefore, future studies should include more complex predictive models that are more adequate to the reality and complexity of this type of landscapes.
A study on hepatoprotective activity and antioxidant properties of Musa balbisianacolla Seeds
Authors: Sharma Daisy , Sarma Manash Pratim
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine and characterize the antioxidant properties ofMusa balbasianacolla flower and seeds andMusa Paradisiaca. Hepatoprotective potential ofMusa balbisianacolla seeds was also assessed. The ethanolic extract of flower and seeds of the samples were evaluated for antioxidant assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethlbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Nitric oxide (NO) assays. The seed extract ofMusa balbisianaexhibited the highest scavenging activity. Also, the highest total phenolic content (195.62µg/mg) was obtained from the seed extract. Thus, having high antioxidant activity, the seed was further evaluated forin- vitrohepatoprotective effect in paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line. Dose dependent effect of MbS (25, 50, 100, 200 µM) were tested on HepG2 cell line. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was used for the determination of toxicity which resulted in 80% recovery with 200µg/ml concentration in a dose dependent manner. The result indicated that the high IC50 was the important factor ensuring to posses powerful radical scavenging activity. The research conducted contributes data to validate the hepatoprotective effect ofMusa balbisiana collaseeds on paracetamol -induced liver toxicity.
Tendency towards clonality: deviations of meiosis in parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizards
Authors: Spangenberg Victor , Arakelyan Marine , Simanovsky Sergey , Dombrovskaya Yana , Khachatryan Emma , Kolomiets Oxana
Published: February 2024

Cytogenetic mechanisms of unisexuality in diploid parthenogenetic species of the genusDarevskiahaveremained debatable until recently. The mechanism that allows the unisexual form to maintain heterozygosity in a number of generations is important for its long-term existence in nature. In this work, for the first time, for parthenogenetic species of the genus Darevskia, in addition to primary oocytes with the usual ploidy (18+ZW bivalents in meiotic prophase I), oocytes that underwent premeiotic genome endoduplication and carried a doubled number of bivalents (36+ZZ+WW) were found. Here, we present a detailed comparative analysis of the total preparation of synaptonemal complexes in oocyte nuclei without and with genome endoduplication and the behavior of sex Z and W chromosomes. We show the details of the assembly of bivalents in pachytene nuclei, where either homeologs or doubled identical copies of chromosomes compete for synapsis and form multivalents. For the first time, the WW sex pseudobivalent has been visualized in parthenogenetic reptiles. We show the reverse side of meiotic deviations in obligate parthenogenesis — cases of nonviable embryos with specific abnormalities.
Integrated care model for patients with functional somatic symptom disorder – a co-produced stakeholder exploration with recommendations for best practice
Authors: Röhricht Frank , Green Carole , Filippidou Maria , Lowe Simon , Power Nicola , Rassool Sara , Rothman Katherine , Shah Meera , Papadopoulos Nina
Published: February 2024

Background: Functional somatic symptoms and bodily distress disorders are highly prevalent across all medical settings. Services for these patients are dispersed across the health care system with minimal conceptual and operational integration and patients do not currently access therapeutic offers in significant numbers due to a mismatch between their and professionals’ understanding of the nature of the symptoms. New service models are urgently required to address patients’ needs and to align with advances in aetiological evidence and diagnostic classification systems to overcome the body-mind dichotomy. Method: A panel of clinical experts from different clinical services involved in providing aspects of health care for patients with functional symptoms reviewed the current care provision. This review and the results from a focus group exploration of patients with lived experience of functional symptoms were explored by the expert advisory group and conclusions summarised as recommendations for best practice. Conclusion: We propose a novel, integrated care pathway for patients with ‘functional somatic disorder’, which delivers care according to and working with patients’ explanatory beliefs. The therapeutic model should operate based upon an understanding of the embodied nature of patient’s complaints and provide flexible access points to the care pathway.
Using an acellular dermal matrix as an neuroprotective wrap-around for treating recurrent nerve entrapment syndromes: a proof of concept
Authors: Wagner Till , Ulrich Dietmar
Published: February 2024

Recurrent nerve entrapment is a well-known issue in peripheral nerve surgery with often multiple redo’s and increasing risk for unfavorable outcomes by scarring. We found two patients in our outpatient clinic with recurrent nerve entrapment syndrome with massive complaints, who were willing to undergo a re-exploration of their entrapped nerves and covered with a human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a protective shield against recurrence. Both patients had complete reconstitution of their nerve entrapment syndrome with very satisfying clinical results. The use of a human ADM seems to be a promising tool in the daily practice of recurrent nerve entrapment surgery without extra morbidity caused by the procedure.
Role of germinal center and CD39 high CD73 + B cells in the age-related tonsillar involution
Authors: Pastor Rocío , Puyssegur Juliana , Guardia M. Paula De La , Varón Lindybeth Sarmiento , Beccaglia Gladys , Spada Nicolás , De Lima Andrea Paes , Collado M. Soledad , Blanco Andrés , Scetti Isabel Aspe , Arabolaza M. Elena , Paoli Bibiana , Chirdo Fernando , Arana Eloísa Irene
Published: February 2024

Background.
The tonsils operate as a protection ring of mucosa at the gates of the upper aero-digestive tract. They show similarities with lymph nodes and participate as inductive organs of systemic and mucosal immunity. Based on the reduction of their size since puberty, they are thought to experience involution in adulthood. In this context, we have used tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) isolated from patients at different stages of life, to study the effect of ageing and the concomitant persistent inflammation on these immune cells.
Results.
We found an age-dependent reduction in the proportion of germinal center B cell population (BGC) and its T cell counterpart (T follicular helper germinal center cells, TfhGC). Also, we demonstrated an increment in the percentage of local memory B cells and mantle zone T follicular helper cells (mTfh). Furthermore, younger tonsils rendered higher proportion of proliferative immune cells within the freshly isolated TMC fraction than those from older ones. We demonstrated the accumulation of a B cell subset (CD20+CD39highCD73+ cells) metabolically adapted to catabolize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as patients get older. To finish, tonsillar B cells from patients at different ages did not show differences in their proliferative response to stimulation ex vivo.
Conclusions.
This paper shed light on the changing aspects of the immune cellular landscape, over the course of time and constant exposure, at the entrance of the respiratory and digestive systems. Our findings support the notion that there is a re-modelling of the immune functionality of the excised tonsils over time. They are indicative of a transition from an effector type of immune response, typically oriented to reduce pathogen burden early in life, to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment at later stages, when tissue damage control gets critical provided the time passed under immune attack. Noteworthy, when isolated from such microenvironment, older tonsillar B cells seem to level their proliferation capacity with the younger ones. Understanding these features will not only contribute to comprehend the differences in susceptibility to pathogens among children and adults but would also impact on vaccine developments intended to target these relevant mucosal sites.
The packing fraction of the oxygen sublattice: Its impact on the heat of mixing
Authors: Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar
Published: February 2024

The heat of mixing of some petrological relevant substitutions (i.e., Mg-Al, Si-Al, Mg-Ti, Mg-Ca, and Mg-Fe) was investigated systematically in silicates, titanates, tungstates, carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, and sulphates by density functional theory calculations (e.g., melilite, chlorite, biotite, brucite, cordierite, amphibole, talc, pseudobrookite, pyroxene, olivine, wadsleyite, ilmenite, MgWO4, ringwoodite (spinel), perovskite, pyrope-grossular, magnesite-calcite, MgO-CaO, anhydrous and different hydrated MgSO4). A specific substitution is characterised by different microscopic interaction energies in different minerals, e.g., the octahedral Mg-Al exchange on a single crystallographic site in pyroxene has a microscopic interaction energy that is more than twice compared to that in biotite. A comparative investigation of the heat of mixing using microscopic interaction energies on a single crystallographic site has the advantage that they are not influenced by cation ordering. They could be successfully correlated with the stiffnesses of the minerals, which in turn were scaled to the oxygen packing fraction, a parameter that is easily available for poorly investigated minerals. With this information, the interaction energies of a certain substitution can be transferred from minerals where they are well-known to mineral groups where they are less- or unknown. Using the cross-site terms and the microscopic interaction energies, the macroscopic interaction energies of the coupled substitution, e.g., Mg+Si = Al+Al, of biotite and pyroxene were calculated, which are, however, affected by cation ordering and different degrees of local charge balance, for which appropriate models are necessary.
Quantification of silicon concentration in sugarcane ash using the neutron activation technique with an isotopic source
Authors: Barboza Boris Javier Michajluk , Leiva Julio César Cabello , Monzón Daisy Leticia Ramírez , Chaparro Luz Viviana Bóveda , Valiente Lucia Simeona Ríos , González Rafael Gómez , Gini Ernesto José Bernal , Perna Oender Ferreira , Silva Glacy Jaqueline da
Published: February 2024

In the realm of agronomic research, the neutron activation technique has gained traction, particularly in regions such as Paraguay, for its capability to deploy an isotopic source for the quantification and identification of agriculturally pertinent minerals. Within the ambit of sugarcane cultivation, both silicon (Si) and silica (SiO2) emerge as paramount, owing to their efficacy in fortifying the sugarcane plant's resistance to phytopathogens and pests, as well as their role in mitigating lodging phenomena. Notably, an uptick in silica accumulation has been correlated with amplified biomass and sucrose production metrics. This underscores the imperative for a meticulous quantification of Si and SiO2 within sugarcane derivatives, catering to both agronomic and industrial directives. Addressing the extant lacuna in regional datasets, this investigation endeavored to elucidate the inherent concentrations of Si and SiO2 within distinct anatomical segments of sugarcane, viz., leaves, entire stems, bark, and bagasse. A total of eight sugarcane cohorts, each encompassing 10 specimens, were subjected to the experimental paradigm. Adhering to a fully randomized design, each cohort was trialed in triplicate. Post desiccation at 105°C, the resultant specimens underwent calcination in a muffle furnace at an approximation of 500°C for a sextet of hours. The experimental variables under scrutiny encompassed mass (in grams), Si concentration (in percentage), and SiO2 content. Subsequent quantifications of Si and SiO2 within the ash specimens were operationalized using a nuclear analytical modality coupled with an isotopic neutron source. Post-acquisition, the data were subjected to a unidirectional analysis of variance, with an ensuing post-hoc DMS comparative analysis. Empirical findings highlighted that ash derived from integral sugarcane stems registered a preeminent mass juxtaposed against other segments. Intriguingly, leaf-derived ash manifested the zenith of Si and SiO2 concentrations, quantified at 24% for Si and 51.5% for SiO2. In summation, the neutron activation technique, undergirded by an isotopic source, has manifested its robustness in pinpointing Si concentrations within sugarcane ash, thereby accentuating the potential of leaf ash as a quintessential fount for silica extraction. Such insights bear salient implications for nations, such as Paraguay, where the evolution of agronomic modalities remains an ongoing endeavor.
Mechanism and performances of methyl orange and Congo red adsorption by MnO2–PVP composite
Authors: Khan Afsar , Arif Muhammad , Han Zhengwei , Xie Yu , Ni Chenquan
Published: February 2024

Azo dyes are commonly used in textile industries; however, when these dyes cross the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization, they produce many health issues related to the brain, liver, kidneys, respiration, and sexual system. Herein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-supported manganese oxide (MnO2) was studied for azo dye removal from an aqueous medium. The adsorption mechanism study demonstrated that the dye adsorption by MnO2–PVP composite was not only due to the electrostatic force of attraction but also involved the ion exchange amid the hydroxide group and dye molecules. The surface area of the composite (120 m2 g−1) was larger than that of metal oxide (102 m2 g−1). The point of zero charge and surface area were improved from 5.2 and 102 to 5.6 and 120 m2 g−1, respectively. The dye removal capacity of MnO2–PVP composite was significantly higher than that of plain MnO2. The film diffusion control adsorption kinetic mechanism and the kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order equation. Experiments were conducted as a function of initial dye concentration (5–200 mg L−1), pH (3–10), temperature (298–328 K), and adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.4 g) in batch adsorption systems. The thermodynamic investigations confirm that the dye adsorption process was endothermic in nature.
CASAIS INTERCULTURAIS ENTRE TRADIÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO
Authors: ElHajji Mohammed Rio , Gonçalves Catarina
Published: February 2024

A facilidade de comunicação e a velocidade de deslocamento proporcionadas pela globalização contribuíram para o aumento do número de casamentos interculturais pelo mundo. Casais e famílias marcados pelo pluri-pertencimento e pela diversidade cultural, étnica e/ou religiosa surgem sob a égide da interculturalidade – que subtende suas modalidades de sociabilidade e os instiga a revisar suas crenças e imaginar formas práticas de conciliar suas diferenças. A questão, aqui colocada, é como as mulheres protagonistas de uma realidade transnacional (brasileiras casadas com estrangeiros e estrangeiras casadas com brasileiros) negociam valores, visões de mundo e projetos de vida? De que modo são apropriados e traduzidos os registros simbólicos de cada um dos componentes do ente familiar intercultural? Indagações às quais buscamos responder, a partir de uma análise discursiva de práticas culturais e sociais no cotidiano (principalmente através da culinária e a comensalidade) e suas interpretações enquanto manifestações interculturais e intersubjetivas.
CORPO DESCONEXO
Authors: Albuquerque Fabiane
Published: February 2024

Este artigo traz alguns dos resultados de minha pesquisa de doutorado sobre o corpo do (a) imigrante na mídia italiana, cuja coleta de dados foi feita entre os meses de dezembro de 2018 e junho de 2019. Por seis meses assisti e coletei imagens e discursos no arquivo online do telejornal estatal, com o maior índice de audiência no país, o Telejornal 1 (TG1), do canal estatal RAI1, das 20 horas, acerca da produção imagética do corpo(i) migrante. A escolha da fonte se deu devido à importância da Itália no contexto atual das migrações, como uma das principais portas de entrada, através do mar Mediterrâneo, para refugiados e imigrantes a caminho da Europa. Além disso, na minha pesquisa de mestrado, durante o trabalho de campo na cidade de Verona, os corpos se impuseram como o elemento latente na questão do discurso da insegurança, tanto pelos imigrantes quanto pelos italianos entrevistados. Nos últimos anos, a Itália também aprovou uma série de leis que violam direitos e tratados internacionais, criminalizam e dificultam a entrada e a permanência de imigrantes no seu território, além de propagar uma política racista, xenófoba e produtora de violência contra corpos racializados. Estudar uma das agências produtora e reprodutora de corporeidades que, apontam corpos matáveis e descartáveis, e exerce um grande poder simbólico sobre as famílias, é de suma relevância no contexto globalizado.
CUIDADOS CORPORAIS AOS RECÉM-NASCIDOS DE MÃES ANGOLANAS
Authors: Tavares Elsy , Ramos Natália
Published: February 2024

O período neonatal é crítico na vida de uma criança, devido à sua maior vulnerabilidade e ao maior risco de morte, sendo os cuidados realizados ao recém-nascido revestidos da maior importância e com reflexos na sua saúde futura. A cultura, os mitos e as crenças revelam-se num conjunto de saberes tradicionais que muitas vezes prevalecem sobre os conhecimentos científicos, dando origem a práticas de cuidados com o corpo não recomendadas pela OMS e com consequências negativas para a saúde, como exemplo o cuidado com o coto umbilical do recém-nascido, que muitas vezes resulta em onfalite. Analisou-se saberes e práticas de mães angolanas relativamente aos cuidados corporais com o recém-nascido, em particular com o coto umbilical, através de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, comparativo e transversal, com metodologia de cariz qualitativa, cuja amostra é não probabilística por conveniência. Verificou-se que os saberes e as práticas de mães angolanas quanto aos cuidados corporais com o recém-nascido, principalmente com o coto umbilical, derivam da componente empírica, transmitida maioritariamente pela família através das gerações, sobretudo pelas avós do recém-nascido, e da componente científica, através dos profissionais de saúde. Observou-se que as mães com experiência migratória revelam alguns comportamentos distintos das mães naturais de Luanda, nomeadamente ao mencionarem com mais frequência o álcool como conhecimento prévio, sendo no entanto as mães naturais de Luanda as que mais o utilizam de forma isolada como prática nos cuidados ao coto umbilical.

Cuidados corporais aos recém-nascidos; Coto umbilical; Corpo, saúde e cultura; Mães angolanas; Interculturalidade e saúde; Migração Interna.
TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO DO RIO DE JANEIRO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE CULTURAL DE COPACABANA (1900-1950)
Authors: Abreu Jonas Silva
Published: February 2024

O estudo é resultado de pesquisa que investigou a elaboração da identidade cultural de Copacabana na primeira metade do século XX no contexto das intervenções urbanísticas e arquitetônicas ocorridas no Rio de Janeiro. O método de pesquisa exploratória teve a finalidade de investigar a instrumentalização e difusão dos elementos simbólicos que estão relacionados com a formação da identidade do bairro que se confunde com a própria cidade. A apuração da pesquisa seguiu materializada por vasta consulta bibliográfica nos campos da Arquitetura, Urbanismo, Sociologia, História e Cultura, além de dissertações e artigos públicos disponíveis na web. Os resultados deste exame apontaram para três conclusões. A primeira é que a exclusão social, considerada a característica predominante do processo de ocupação da cidade atinge o seu ápice com o deslocamento das classes médias emergentes para Copacabana. Este processo teve conotações mais comerciais ligadas à acumulação de capital dos investidores imobiliários. Um segundo desenlace ocorreu com a descoberta dos elos que a indústria cultural permitiu construir entre os diversos extratos sociais da cidade. Estas conexões foram encapsuladas na política do governo Vargas para modelar a identidade nacional por meio das expressões populares, das quais a cultura negra teve franco protagonismo. Uma terceira conclusão é que o ecossistema social de Copacabana não rejeitou integralmente o mulato e o samba propostos por Vargas, antes forjou possibilidades de convivência nos limites da indústria do espetáculo-negócio, através do samba-canção.
ROMPENDO AS ESTATÍSTICAS
Authors: Alves Caetano Lucas , Geralda Alves do Nascimento Cézar Adriane , Lyggon de Sousa Oliveira Mayllon
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho traz uma análise de como o envelhecimento é visto por três mulheres trans jovens. Objetiva-se compreender esse processo para suas vidas, considerando que o Brasil, de acordo com dados da Agência Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais do Brasil (ANTRA), é o país que mais mata pessoas trans no mundo. A expectativa de vida das mulheres trans no país é de 35 anos. O trabalho faz um estudo bibliográfico sobre os conceitos de identidade e diferença a partir dos estudos culturais britânicos, e sobre sexo, gênero e sexualidade a partir das teorias feministas. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e se utiliza da entrevista em profundidade, por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. As entrevistadas, jovens trans entre 20 e 25 anos foram selecionadas a partir de contatos efetivados durante a Caminhada Trans, realizada em setembro de 2022, em Goiânia. Como resultado, essas mulheres trans veem a velhice, antes de tudo, como um objetivo, dado a expectativa de vida do grupo, elas também a percebem como uma incerteza, por reconhecerem as violências físicas e simbólicas impostas à essa população.
IMAGENS DE UM TEMPO LENTO
Authors: Malta Eder
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta itinerários de pesquisas que resultaram na criação de um banco de imagens do cotidiano urbano. Nosso objetivo é analisar as sociabilidades em tempo lento, presentes na cotidianidade acelerada das metrópoles. Nos procedimentos de pesquisa em sociologia urbana consideramos o uso de imagens um dos recursos centrais para se capturar a dinâmica dos usos cotidianos dos espaços e das expressões da cultura urbana. Dessa forma, o recorte metodológico segue a abordagem qualitativa com recurso da pesquisa iconográfica que resultou na criação de um banco de imagens fotográficas do cotidiano urbano nas áreas centrais revitalizadas das cidades de Belém (Brasil) e Santiago (Chile). O artigo divide-se em 3 partes, onde se discute na primeira parte sobre o reconhecimento da dimensão visual pelas ciências sociais a partir da incorporação de novos temas, estratégias e objetos de pesquisa em torno da problematização das mudanças culturais da sociedade contemporânea; e nas duas últimas, apresentamos nosso incurso nas cidades de Belém e Santiago e os registros de suas paisagens, práticas e sociabilidades cotidianas. Em torno de construir um olhar sociológico da imagem, argumentamos que o significado da imagem se revela para além do foco das lentes: os enigmas do cotidiano e da cultura urbana contemporânea.
DIADORIM, UM FANTASMA DE NOSSO TEMPO
Authors: Bessa Leandro
Published: February 2024

Este artigo propõe uma leitura de Diadorim – Menino, vestido de jagunço, que se apresenta em toda a sua vida relatada como um bravo guerreiro, mas que se revela, enquanto morto, em um corpo de mulher – como uma imagem inapreensível do Grande sertão: veredas (1956), romance de João Guimarães. Nosso objetivo é investigar as noções de imago movente e aparição como fórmula criativa que permitiu a elaboração estética da personagem pelo autor. Gesto que contribui para a reminiscência da personagem tanto na obra (no quadro ficcional) quanto no tempo (na cultura, nas releituras e transcriações artísticas como HQs, cinema, teatro etc.). A noção de imago movente acompanha o procedimento metodológico da imagem carregada de força e vida própria, pensada numa corrente teórica que compreende a imagem enquanto movimento: Walter Benjamin (2009; 2012), Hans Belting (2011) e Didi-Huberman (1998; 2013; 2015). Verificamos com essa leitura, que questões polêmicas do nosso tempo se interconectam com temáticas do romance, atualizando, assim, a obra e ampliando o seu circuito de sentidos em um constante movimento de mudança e preservação.