bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hegel’s View on Fichte’s Aesthetical Conception
Authors: Rajkovi? Marica
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Hegel’s relation towards Fichte’s aesthetic conception can be clarified through three distinct perspectives. The first one examines the relation to the consequences of Kant’s aesthetic position, and it indirectly deals with Fichte’s role in these consequences to German idealism. The second one discusses Hegel’s critique of Fichte’s philosophy in general, from which it is possible to deduce his relationship towards the aesthetic phenomena in his philosophy. The third way examines the rare and sporadic topics in Hegel’s philosophical writings which directly reflect on Fichte’s aesthetic views. The author will try to combine all three of these perspectives and to provide a comprehensive insight into Hegel’s relation towards Fichte’s aesthetic position. Finally, it will be demonstrated that Fichte’s philosophy remains significant by the fact that it abolishes the dualism of Kant’s philosophy and provides the foundation for Hegel’s conception, in which the aesthetic field takes an important position.
O pensar como ‘objeto’ da filosofia e seu ensino em Hegel
Authors: Barrére Martin Luiz Fernando
Published: August 2024

The present essay aims to approach the crucial issue of the specificity of the philosophical activity and of its relation with knowledge in the philosophy of Hegel. Moreover, the need to justify its legitimacy within the domain of the other sciences is a requirement made in modern age to philosophy. Along with this general aim and in close relation with it, I will deal more specifically with Hegelian considerations about the teaching of philosophy. In order to do so, the text is divided in two principal moments: in the first, I will analyze the philosophical conception of Hegel and how the writing on the Difference presents a continuity with the way in which the question will be treated in the Encyclopaedia of 1830; in the second, Hegel's position on the teaching of this discipline will be analyzed, and in this case I will have in view Hegel's methodological texts of the period in which he was director and professor of Gymnasium in Nuremberg.
Argos e o animal anfíbio. Equívocos e acertos da interpretação que Pippin oferece da Estética de Hegel no livro After the Beautiful. Hegel and the Philosophy of Pictorial Modernism
Authors: Cecchinato Giorgia
Published: August 2024

My aim is to describe the content of Pippin’s work After the beautiful. Hegel and the philosophy of pictorial modernismand to show the misconceptions the American philosopher incurs. This is not just to argue for a "true" or more correct interpretation of Hegel's philosophy, I try instead to delve into some issues that may help to understand the relationship between art and freedom that Pippin places as central to his "application" of Hegel's thought to modern times.
Hubungan Faktor Reinforcing dengan Perilaku 5M Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Masyarakat
Authors: Rizky Mutia Titis , Aristi Dela
Published: August 2024

Pencegahan COVID 19 bisa dilakukan dengan menerapkan perilaku 5M yaitu mencuci tangan dengan sabun, memakai masker, menjaga jarak, menjauhi kerumunan dan mengurangi mobilitas. Green dan Kreuter (2005) menjelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku salah satunya yaitu faktor reinforcing seperti dukungan keluarga, teman, tetangga, tokoh masyarakat dan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor reinforcing dengan perilaku 5M pencegahan COVID-19 di Kota Bekasi. Responden penelitian adalah masyarakat Kota Bekasi berusia 15-59 tahun berjumlah 143 orang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 86.7% responden masih kurang baik dalam berperilkau 5M pencegahan COVID-19. Faktor reinforcing yang ada hubungan signifikan dengan perilaku 5M pencegahan COVID 19 yaitu dukungan tetangga (P-value = 0,045) dan dukungan tokoh masyarakat (P-value = 0,002). Sedangkan dukungan keluarga (P-value = 0,745), dukungan teman (P-value = 0,080), dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan (P-value = 0,082) tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku 5M pencegahan COVID-19. Puskesmas bisa melibatkan tokoh masyarakat seperti RT/RW untuk melakukan edukasi terkait perilaku 5M kepada masyarakat. Selain itu, sebagai tetangga yang berdekatan bisa saling memberikan dukungan motivasi dan informasi mengenai pencegahan COVID-19 kepada orang-orang sekitar.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN COVID-19 PADA PEKERJA KAFE DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Aprela Dwika , Alkaff Raihana
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 dapat menular secara langsung melalui droplet dari orang yang terpapar. Penularan dengan mudah menyerang siapa saja tidak terkecuali pekerja kafe. Pekerja beresiko terpapar COVID-19 dikarenakan berinteraksi langsung dengan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran masalah serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 pada pekerja kafe di Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2022. Desain studi penelitian yaitu cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel non random sampling dan di dapat 124 responden. Hasil diperoleh perilaku yang baik dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 sebesar 60%. Dari delapan faktor independen (pengetahuan, sikap, komitmen, dukungan sosial, dukungan keluarga dan sarana prasarana) yang diteliti hanya jenis kelamin yang tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 (p-value 0,923, OR 2,041). Simpulan penelitian ini bahwa komitmen di tempat kerja mempengaruhi kepatuhan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 (OR 12,852) serta dukungan keluarga (OR 6,992). Saran pemilik atau pengelola dapat memberikan informasi dan edukasi secara aplikatif serta selalu memberikan komitmen penuh bagi pekerja untuk tetap mematuhi protokol kesehatan di tempat kerja terkhusus dalam menjaga jarak serta di dukung juga dengan adanya dukungan dari keluarga.
Pencahayaan Redup terhadap Frekuensi Pernafasan pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Juspika Juspika , Purnamasari Eka Rokhmiati Wahyu , Istiani Hari Ghanesia
Published: August 2024

Bayi prematur banyak mengalami permasalahan ketidakmampuan meregulasi stimulus berlebih, hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kondisi kritis bahkan sampai beresiko kematian.  Sehingga dibutuhkan tindakan pengaturan siklus pencahayaan (cahaya redup) pada bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cahaya redup terhadap pernafasan pada bayi premature. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain quasi experiment pretest-posttest. Dilakukan pada satu kelompok terdiri dari total 36 responden, sebelum dan sesudah intervensi responden dilakukan observasi. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji t-Test Paired. Gambaran respirasi sebelum diberikan tindakan adalah 54,38 kali/mnt dengan respirasi terendah 48 kali/mnt dan respirasi tertinggi 60 kali/mnt. Sedangkan respirasi post tindakan dengan rata-rata 48,08 kali/mnt dengan respirasi terendah 42 kali/mnt  dan respirasi tertinggi 56 kali/mnt. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pemberian perlakuan cahaya redup terhadap pernafasan pada bayi prematur (nilai P-value = 0,000 < 0,05). Kesimpulan : ada pengaruh pemberian cahaya redup terhadap pernafasan pada bayi prematur sebelum dan sesudah diberikan cahaya redup di ruang Nicu RSUD Cengkareng.
Prototype Penyiraman Tanaman dan Kanopi Otomatis Pada Greenhouse dengan Sensor Kelembapan Tanah dan Sensor Hujan Menggunakan Arduino
Authors: Jordy Arfiansyah  , Pipin Farida Ariyani
Published: August 2024

Kebutuhan air pada tumbuhan sangatlah penting. Kekurangan atau kelebihan air dapat berdampak buruk buat tanaman, diantaranya adalah kekeringan dan busuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem deteksi hujan dan kelembaban tanah menggunakan sensor rain sensor dan soil moisture untuk mencegah atau meminimalisir kerugian pada greenhouse. Sistem ini dapat memperlihatkan nilai soil moisture secara langsung pada saat hujan turun. Penelitian dilakukan pada greenhouse yang berukuran 5 x 5 meter. Jika sensor kelembaban tanah berada dibawah ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan, maka water pump akan menyala secara otomatis sehingga value kelembaban tanah mencapai nilai yang telah ditentukan. Sensor hujan dapat mendeteksi adanya hujan, sehingga sistem akan memperbaharui data yang ada di aplikasi terkait keadaan kelembaban tanaman yang sudah terupdate di aplikasi. Manfaat dari pembuatan sistem ini untuk memudahkan pemilik greenhouse mengontrol air dan kanopi secara otomatis yang diberikan pada tanamannya. Dalam penelitian ini, sudah dilakukan riset yang terdiri dari beberapa kali tahapan pengujian untuk memperoleh hasil yang diinginkan. Tingkat akurasi yang di dapat dalam penelitian ini di peroleh setelah melakukan pengujian sensor kelembapan tanah dan sensor hujan yaitu 100%. Sehingga mendapatkan hasil penelitian yaitu sistem akan mendeteksi hujan sebagai dikirim ke aplikasi, serta pada saat sensor membaca nilai soil moisture maka sistem akan meng-update data ke aplikasi yang telah di rancang.
PPR's funktion og faglighed i bevægelse
Authors: Kirkegaard Jensen Sarah , Szulevisz Thomas
Published: August 2024

I disse år fremføres ’praksisnærhed’ i stigende grad som et fagligt og organisatorisk ideal for Pædagogisk Psykologisk Rådgivning (PPR). I artiklens første del argu-menterer vi for nødvendigheden af at forstå det aktuelle ønske om praksisnærhed i relation til den historiske ramme og tradition, som de praksisnære idealer er knyttet til og vokset ud af. På baggrund af en historisk læsning af PPR-feltet foretager vi i artiklens anden del en begyndende skitsering af en situeret pædagogisk-psykologisk praksis. Med afsæt i en situeret psykologisk rammesætning, der henter inspiration i praksisteori (Bernstein, 1971; MacIntyre, 1985) og situeret læringsteori (Lave, 1988, 2019; Lave & Packer, 2008) er det artiklens argument, at der i den aktuelle debat om praksisnærhed i PPR er en risiko for, at praksisnærhed altovervejende kommer til at handle om at befinde sig ’i’ praksis som en modpol til at undersøge børn ’udenfor’ deres (hverdags)praksis. Praksis reduceres hér til alene at være et fysisk afgrænset sted, man kan befinde sig i eller udenfor. Med et afsæt i en situeret psykologisk rammesætning skitserer artiklen en praksisnærhedsforståelse, der ikke reducerer praksis til én pol i en historisk dualitet mellem individ og kontekst, men i stedet som en dialektik mellem forståelser af børns og voksnes deltagelse og delta-gelsens sociale (herunder materielle, strukturelle, historiske) betingelser.
Innowacje odwrócone – kluczowe czynniki sukcesu i bariery transferu innowacji z rynków rozwiniętych do rozwijających się
Authors: Kwiatkowska Aleksandra , Łudzińska Karolina ,   Katedra Teorii Organizacji i Zarządzania, Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Polska
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The main objective of the research is to analyze the transfer of innovations from developed to developing markets within the framework of the concept of reverse innova- tion and to identify key factors that contribute to its success and those that may constitute potential sources of difficulties and barriers. As a secondary goal, the study aims to trace the genesis and development of the concept of reverse innovation and those innovation concepts that have become its nucleus. Design/methodology/approach: To conduct the research, a methodological approach was adopted that involved a review of selected publications as well as a systematic literature review, which was enriched by a SWOT analysis which served to aggregate, organize, and interpret the obtained research results. The retrospective and comparative analysis method, as well as the descriptive method, were also included, which enabled a careful presentation of the genesis and development of the concept of reverse innovations. Findings: The analysis identified key factors for the successful transfer of reverse innovations from developed to developing markets and highlighted potential challenges. A vital factor is a companyís adaptability from developed markets to the nuances of emerging ones, espe- cially consumer needs. At the same time, the results of the research indicate the potential for the development of the concept of reverse innovation and its close connection to the idea of sustainability. Research limitations/implications: The concept of reverse innovation represents a relatively new perspective on innovation management. Thus, the analysis drew from a limited pool of empirical studies and source literature. Originality/value: This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of reverse inno- vation in management and quality sciences. Utilizing the SWOT analysis as a framework to summarize and categorize the key factors and challenges of reverse innovation transfer from developed to developing countries represents a novel contribution by the authors to the aca- demic field.
Technologie ICT i ich wpływ na życie człowieka i społeczeństwa – wybrane problemy
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Parys Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to try to present the impact of ICT on human life in the broadest possible way, taking into account the development of this technology and the changes taking place in the concepts and methods of its use. This impact is shown from two classical perspectives : positive and negative. Methodology: The scope of the research was ICT technologies, their development and evolution, and their application in various areas of both individual and social life. Source material was searched for. Mainly sources in the form of scientific studies were taken into account, and, as a supplement, also websites. Items in both Polish and English were reviewed. Then their selection was made in terms of content. The next steps were the analysis and synthesis of the selected content. The result is the characteristics of selected ICT technologies presented in the study, as well as a discussion of their impact from two perspectives: positive (benefits) and negative (threats). The selection of bibliography items was influenced by the limitations described below. Findings: The article presents the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on human functioning on an individual level and society as a whole. This impact was shown from the perspective of positive effects on the one hand and negative effects on the other. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was realized. Research limitation: Due to quite a rich literature concerning the subject matter undertaken in the study, the author’s subjective selection of issues and literature items constitutes a study limitation. In addition, many materials present the analyzed issues from different perspectives (e.g. industry or geographical), which makes it difficult or even impossible to carry out a comparative analysis and formulate comprehensive conclusions. Also, the lack of cyclically repeated studies in a comparable scope makes it impossible to analyze the variability of the phenomenon. Practical implication: The article presents an aggregate summary of the impact of ICT on people and society. Positive and negative manifestations of the impact were presented without going into the details of each scope. The content presented is summarized in the form of synthetic conclusions. Originality/Value: So far, published materials on the subject are piecemeal and usually presented in a limited scope (e.g., a specific country or region) or concern a narrow specialized field (e.g., education or medicine). For this reason, this article presents the issue from a broader than specialized perspective, giving a general view of the subject under discussion.
Optimization of Properties of Ventilated Protective Clothing
Authors:   , Vejanand Sanjay Ranji
Published: August 2024

The aim of the Thesis is to analyse and optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the material and ventilation elements that will be developed based on the type of clothing in order to achieve a proper balance of air permeability, mechanical and functional characteristics for protection against external environmental factors. The work is focused on creating ventilation elements that can be fixed at the ventilation holes on the inner side of protective clothing. The attached ventilation elements can improve the structural integrity of the clothing by covering the ventilation holes and restricting dust, direct sunlight, insects, and other contaminants from direct contact with the body; at the same time, it permits proper air circulation between the body and clothing. To achieve the aim, various shapes of ventilation elements are created and evaluated to determine the most effective shape.
Deflection of Needles, Used for Local Anesthesia in the Dental Practice – Comparative Study
Authors: Argirov Rusi , Pechalova Petia
Published: August 2024

The mandibular nerve blocks prove to be one of the most challenging anesthetic techniques for the dental practitioner. Many factors have a role in the success of these nerve blocks and one of them is the accuracy of the deposition of the anesthetic which can be influenced to a certain degree by the deflection of the injection needle.
In this study, three types of injection needles (Septoject XL 30G, Septoject XL 27G and Medoject 23G) were tested for deflection in a reversible hydrocolloid (agar-agar). They were divided into three groups of 30 needles each and were all inserted in the agar-agar at a depth of 20 mm with the help of a dental surveyor. Two mutually perpendicular radiographs were made for each needle in order to calculate the deviation in mm.
The results were analyzed and showed that the mean deflection in the 30G needles group was 5.32±1.91 mm, the deviation in the 27G group – 3.37±0.67 mm and none of the needles in the 23G group showed a deviation upon insertion in the hydrocolloid.
The results in this study showed that dentists should always prefer needles with a smaller gauge, because they provide smaller deflection figures and therefore better accuracy in the deposition of the anesthetic.
Technological prospection study of the development of S1P1 modulator drugs for the multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Cotrim Bruno Almeida , Angeli Renata , Antunes Adelaide Maria de Souza
Published: August 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by a process of loss of the myelin sheath of neuronal axons. It is estimated that in 2020, there were 2.8 million people with MS worldwide. A promising pharmaceutical class that already has four drugs for MS treatment is S1P1 modulators class. The aim of this study was to conduct a technological prospecting, using patents and scientific articles related to the technological development of S1P1 modulators applied to the multiple sclerosis treatment. Novartis is the institution that has published the largest number of scientific publications in the area and, also, the one that has filed the largest number of patent applications. It was observed that, even the scientific research conducted by Novartis has an applied research character.
Determination of the Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Cissus quadrangularis Ethanolic Extract on High Fat Induced Hyperlipidemic Rat Model
Authors: Haider Zulqarnain , Rashid Sadiya Binte , Islam Shariful , Shakil Md , Jannat Bushratul , Chowdhury Md. Mustafiz
Published: August 2024

The practice of utilizing herbs and herbal remedies to prevent, treat, or cure diseases, as well as to maintain and promote maximum health, is known as herbalism. In certain areas, people may confuse herbal medicine with treatments. Among the leading causes of mortality globally, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and its long-term effects are particularly notable. Adolescents who have atherosclerosis are at progressively higher risk of cardiac events, including heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, throughout later life. This research examined the effects of a Cissus quadrangularis extract on lipid profiles in rats with high-fat-induced hyperlipidemia. When the high fat dosage was 800 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, the SGPT and SGOT levels in groups 5 and 6 showed statistically significant results (p<0.05). The SGPT clearly demonstrated this. Still, none of the 400, 800, or 1200 mg/kg doses produced statistically significant results, according to the SGOT. However, the SGPT and SGOT levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis during the renal function test showed that the doses of urea in groups 5 and 6, which received 800 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, were substantially different (p<0.05). However, the creatinine analysis did not provide any statistically significant results. Taking into account high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), groups 5 and 6 had statistically significant results (p<0.05) in HDL levels. More specifically, groups 5 and 6, given doses of 800 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, showed statistically significant results. Triglyceride levels in Group 5 differed statistically significantly (p < 0.05). When it came to total cholesterol levels, Group 5, which received a dosage of 800 mg/kg, showed statistically significant results (p<0.05).
Understanding the Human Chronotype Research
Authors: Sultana Razia
Published: August 2024

A chronotype is essentially your body's innate tendency towards a specific sleep-wake pattern. It is controlled by heredity and works in unison with your circadian rhythm, or internal 24-hour clock. Knowing your chronotype can help you improve your daily energy levels, work more efficiently, and sleep schedule. Countries like the United States have a typical distribution of chronotypes; 25% morning types, 50% intermediate types, and 25% evening types. The distribution is skewed in tropical nations, where morning types are more prevalent. Seasonal variations, occupation, social and cultural characteristics, ageing, and lifestyle factors all have an impact on similar changes in chronotype. Studies show that while people are younger, they want to do things in the morning, but as they become older, they move to the afternoon and evening. Geographical differences are the main factor influencing the spread of chronotypes. It is well recognized that evening types are more suited to a nighttime lifestyle and shift work than morning types, as our society grows more dependent on nightlife and shift work in a 24/7 environment. Therefore, research on shifts in sleep-wake preferences would be beneficial for modifying social and professional practices to achieve optimal productivity, minimal errors, improved sleep quality, and a higher quality of sleep.
Preparation, Packaging and Storability Analysis of Fortified Cupcakes Prepared for Preschool Children
Authors: Mohanty Dibyajyoti , Misra Rashmi , Panda Lipsa , Jena Diptimayee
Published: August 2024

Today, maintaining optimal diet and health is the most difficult and demanding task. The importance of adding nutritious ingredients that are high in iron, calcium, fiber, protein, and other nutrients to food products has increased as people become more conscious of the role that food plays in health promotion. All age groups of people enjoy cupcakes because they are convenient, but children particularly enjoy them. Because they are convenient and appealing to kids. Numerous research has examined the idea of incorporating healthy components into cupcakes to improve their nutritional value. Cupcakes made with soy, ragi, and gram flour have the potential to be nutrient carriers. Keeping these above facts in view, the present investigation entitled “Preparation, Packaging and Storability Analysis of Fortified Cupcakes Prepared for Preschool Children” was carried out. The cupcakes were prepared by using whole wheat flour, refined wheat flour, baking soda, baking powder and finger millet flour/chickpea flour/ Soybean flour, oil, vanilla essence, icing sugar, milk powder and milk. Bakery goods frequently contain preservatives to increase their shelf life. Preservatives aid in halting the development of bacteria and mould, which can lead to food spoiling and food poisoning. Common preservatives found in cupcakes and bakery goods include calcium propionate, potassium sorbate, and sodium propionate. However, when these preservatives are used more than the permitted amount may lead to numerous health issues such as asthma, hyperactive behaviour in children, weakening of the heart, skin rashes, increased risk of obesity etc. In this study, no such harmful preservatives have been used in preparation of fortified cup-cakes. Permitted amount of preservatives has been used in this research. To balance the Leavening agents like Baking Soda and Baking Powder used in Bakery products, we may add acidic ingredients like Yogurt or Buttermilk to it. For sensitive individuals, we can use Natural leavening agents like Yeast, Milk, Curd, Egg etc. The finger millet-fortified cupcakes can be kept for up to four days without substantially compromising their sensory appeal. It was found that compared to aluminium foil, plastic pouches significantly impacted sensory characteristics as flavour and colour. All the organoleptic properties of the control and the enriched cupcakes made with Bengal gram and soybean flour dramatically improved with longer storage intervals. The results of the present study suggests that the cupcakes enhanced with Bengal gram and soybean flour could be stored for a maximum of four days without experiencing a substantial alteration in their sensory appeal. It was discovered that taste and flavour perceptions varied considerably more in paper envelopes than in aluminium foil.
Relationship between Socio Economic Profile and Adaptation Strategies of Maize Farmers to Climate Change in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mounika B. , Ahire M. C. , Shravani Kotha , Bharath Chinni Venkata Sai
Published: August 2024

Maize, the third most important cereal crop in the world following wheat and rice, is particularly affected by climate change. Maize is particularly sensitive to heat stress during the anthesis (flowering) and grain filling phase, which may result in decreased yields. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasizes the critical importance of adaptation in agriculture to climate change. The present study investigated the socio-economic profile of maize growers and examined its correlation with the adaptation strategies followed by them to mitigate the impact of climate change. This study was conducted in three tehsils namely Niphad, Nandgaon and Yeola of Nashik district in Maharashtra, involving a sample of 120 respondents from 12 villages. The study findings indicated that most maize growers were in the middle age group, had education up to secondary school level, belonged to medium family size, possessed medium farming experience, small landholding and medium annual income. Additionally, it was found that the majority of farmers had medium level of social participation, extension participation, mass media exposure and medium level of scientific orientation. As regards to relationship between socio-economic profile of maize growers and adaptation strategies followed, the study depicted that, independent variables such as education, farming experience, land holding, annual income, area under maize, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure and scientific orientation demonstrated significant positive correlation with the adaptation strategies followed. Whereas, age is positively and non-significantly associated with the adaptation strategies followed and size of the family is negatively correlated with adaptation strategies followed. As extension and social participation are positively related to adaptation strategies followed, we can infer that creating awareness on climate change adaptation strategies by organizing more extension campaigns, training programs and providing subsidies or incentives for farmers will be motivate them to better adapt to climate change.
Impact of Weed Management Options on Weed Dynamics and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A Review
Authors: Thakur Pritika , Dhankar Amit , Sharma Shivani , Karki Pooja , Rana M.K. , Shukla Kanika , Diksha
Published: August 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) belongs to Fabaceae family and a vital legume crop in India, serving as a primary source of protein in the Indian diet. It is essential to the nutrition of thousands of people in the developing world but at present its productivity is extremely low in India. There are various reasons for low productivity. Among the various factors that contribute to the low production losses resulting from weeds, one of the most significant one’s accounts for 30–54% of the total loss. Understanding the weed populations in the field in full detail is necessary to determine when to manage weeds. Due to their slow development and growth rate, chickpea is a poor crop competition with weeds. Up to 60 days after sowing, it competes with chickpea weeds due to its few branches and little leaf area. Various management techniques, such as cultivar competition, spacing adjustments, etc., are helpful in increasing output. Pre-emergence herbicides like pendimethalin, quizalofop, etc., are more effective in order to control the weeds right from the germination. Post-emergence herbicides like imazethapyr, imazamox and topramezone etc., applications are becoming more important as the world enters the era of precision farming. Chickpea is highly susceptible to weed competition and the weeds causes 75% of yield losses. Considering the losses caused due to weeds, it is essential to manage the weeds within their critical crop-weed competition period. Combining two or more herbicides, either simultaneously or in a sequential 'double knockdown' approach, and integration of hand-weeding with pre-emergence herbicides, offers effective management of various weed species while minimizing the risks associated with post-emergence chemical weed control methods.
Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Genotype XIII.2.2 of Class II Newcastle Disease Virus from Vaccinated Flocks in Kerala, India
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Gopika , P M Deepa, , Rajasekhar R. , Janus A. , Bipin K.C , R.L Rathish, , S Sulficar,
Published: August 2024

Aims: To investigate the epidemiology and phylogenetic characteristics of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) outbreaks in poultry flocks in Kerala, India, during 2023-2024, focusing on the emergence of new virulent genotypes. The emergence of these genotypes can increase disease severity in poultry, reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines, and necessitate the development of updated vaccination strategies to control outbreaks effectively.
Study Design: This study was a field-based epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of NDV in poultry flocks across various regions of Kerala.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Kerala from January f2023 to May 2024 in both layer and broiler farms.
Methodology: Forty samples from Forty poultry flocks were surveyed for NDV infection. RT-PCR was employed to target the fusion protein gene, revealing the prevalence of NDV. Epidemiological data, including seasonal patterns of NDV occurrence, were collected. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated NDV strains was performed to compare them with known vaccine strains.
Results: NDV was detected in 5 out of 40 of the sampled poultry flocks (12.5%), predominantly during the dry season from December to May. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the prevalent genotype XIII.2.2, identified in the samples, differed significantly from the existing vaccine strains and emerged predominantly from vaccinated flocks.
Conclusion: The emergence of genotype XIII.2.2 in vaccinated flocks indicates that existing vaccines may not effectively control NDV outbreaks in Kerala. Future research should aim to characterize the genetic diversity of NDV strains and assess the efficacy of novel vaccine candidates. Practical recommendations include updating vaccine formulations to address emerging genotypes, strengthening surveillance systems, and reinforcing biosecurity measures to enhance NDV prevention and control in the region.
Effects of Hydro Priming on Germination Time and Rate of Small Cola Seeds (Garcinia Kola Heckel, Clusiaceae)
Authors: Salimata Fofana , Djézou Konan , Antoine Koffi , Richard Kouadio Kouassi , Edouard Kouassi Kouassi , Anatole N'guessan Kangah
Published: August 2024

Despite its socio-economic importance, the cultivation of Garcinia kola is very limited due to the slow germination of its seeds. In order to facilitate the domestication of this plant species, the present study set itself the objective of improving the germination rate of its seeds in a short time. The methodology involved subjecting 150 G. kola seeds to six (06) treatments which are: the treatment with seed coat without soaking in tap water (absolute control), the 24 hour soaking treatment with seed coat, the 48 hour soaking treatment with seed coat, the treatment without seed coat or soaking (relative control), the 24 hour soaking treatment without seed coat and the 48 hour soaking treatment without seed coat. The seeds treated differently were sown the same day in the nursery in bags filled with soil. Evaluation of seed germination, diameter and height of seedlings, length and number of leaves were measured every seven (07) days. The results obtained indicate that soaking G. kola seeds devoid of seed coat in water for 24 hours before sowing promotes a good germination rate of 36% within seven (07) days. After 11 days, 50% of the seeds in this treatment germinated. The longest germination time was observed in seeds sown with seed coat without soaking. Soaked seeds without seed coat produced the most vigorous plants with height growth of 0.34 cm/day and diameter increment of 0.15 mm/day. The variations in time and germination rate of G. kola seeds at different treatments indicate that the tissues of this plant species can respond to in vitro culture.
Indoor Positioning Technology Based on Pseudo Satellite
Authors: Zhang Le , Bi Mingbo
Published: August 2024

With the increasing demand for indoor positioning, traditional GPS positioning technology can no longer meet people's needs, and pseudo satellite indoor positioning technology has become a new method to solve indoor positioning problems. Pseudo satellite indoor positioning technology can improve positioning accuracy through the collaborative positioning of multiple signal sources and meet the positioning needs of different scenarios. Pseudo satellite indoor positioning technology can be applied to the field of smart home to achieve a more intelligent home environment and improve the quality of life; Pseudo satellite indoor positioning technology can be applied to the construction of smart cities, improve the efficiency and quality of urban management and services, and provide people with more convenient life services [1]. The research and application of pseudo satellite indoor positioning technology has important practical significance and value.
This paper describes in detail that in the indoor complex environment, GNSS signals are easily occluded, so that the GNSS system cannot complete positioning services, and GNSS signals can be simulated through the establishment of pseudo satellite base stations to provide positioning services. In this project, the layout settings of indoor ground-based pseudo satellites and the calculation of HDOP values are studied, and the HDOP values under different pseudo satellites and layout modes are compared.
Experimental properties include: Positioning accuracy evaluation: Through simulation, it is possible to evaluate the positioning accuracy of pseudo-satellite systems in different configurations and environments. The smaller the HDOP value [2], the higher the positioning accuracy. System optimization design: Simulation can help researchers analyze and optimize pseudo-satellite layout schemes to reduce HDOP values and improve positioning accuracy. Environmental impact study: By simulating HDOP values in different environments (such as cities and mountains), the performance of pseudo-satellite positioning in complex environments can be studied [3].
E-Saayam – An ICT-Based Initiative to Provide Timely Technical Support to Farmers through AEOs in Karimnagar District of Telangana State, India
Authors: Rao N. Venkateshwar , Reddy D. Sreenivasa , Mahesh L. , Vijay J. , Venugopal G.
Published: August 2024

Telangana's government has recruited many Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs) for the Department of Agriculture. A single AEO was appointed for every 2000 Ha. The newly recruited AEOs do not have enough practical knowledge & confidence to provide technical support to the experienced farmers. At the same time, there is lack of timely technical support to farmers, leading to increased costs of cultivation, resulting in lesser net returns. To overcome this problem and provide continuous technical support & also to increase the confidence among the AEOs in the Department of Agriculture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jammikunta has initiated ICT based e-Saayam project which in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture to deliver credible advice to the farmers & keep updated by disseminating specific Agricultural Extension Services without time lapses in coordination with FARMER-AEO-SCIENTIST in a regular smart cyclic mode.
Both the Agriculture Department and KVK, Jammikunta are jointly implementing the programme in December 2017. As part of the programme, AEOs would visit agricultural fields and identify standing crops. If they find any problem (Pest & diseases), they would take pictures of the affected crop using tablets supplied to them and post the picture on the e-Saayam WhatsApp group. Scientists who are part of the group would advise to overcome the particular problem. After getting a reply from scientists, AEOs would suggest to farmers the steps to be taken to overcome the problem. e-Saayam influences building enough practical knowledge & confidence in (76) Agricultural Extension Officers in the District to provide technical support to experienced farmers (18,131) were benefitted.
Laser‐Mediated Microlesions in Mouse Neocortex to Investigate Neuronal Degeneration and Regeneration
Authors: Jackson Johanna , Canty Alison J. , Huang Lieven , De Paola Vincenzo
Published: October 2015

In vivo two‐photon (2P) imaging enables neural circuitry to be repeatedly visualized in both normal conditions and following trauma. This protocol describes how laser‐mediated neuronal microlesions can be created in the cerebral cortex using an ultrafast laser without causing a significant inflammatory reaction or compromising the blood‐brain barrier. Furthermore, directives are provided for the acute and chronic in vivo imaging of the lesion site, as well as for post‐hoc analysis of the lesion site in fixed tissue, which can be correlated with the live imaging phase. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laser Microdissection
Authors: Frost Andra R. , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin , Siegal Gene P. , Emmert‐Buck Michael R. , Tangrea Michael A.
Published: October 2015

Laser microdissection (LM) offers a relatively rapid and precise method of isolating and removing specified cells from complex tissues for subsequent analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein or metabolite content, thereby allowing assessment of the role of different cell types in the normal physiological or disease processes being studied. In this unit, protocols for the preparation of mammalian frozen tissues, fixed tissues, and cytologic specimens for LM, including tissue freezing, tissue processing and paraffin embedding, histologic sectioning, cell processing, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and image‐guided cell targeting are presented. Also provided are recipes for generating lysis buffers for the recovery of nucleic acids and proteins. The Commentary section addresses the types of specimens that can be utilized for LM and approaches to staining of specimens for cell visualization. Emphasis is placed on the preparation of tissue or cytologic specimens as this is critical to effective LM. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA Interference and MicroRNA‐Mediated Silencing
Authors: Fischer Sylvia E.J.
Published: October 2015

RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA‐mediated silencing cause sequence‐specific silencing of target genes. This overview will give a brief description of how RNAi and microRNAs were discovered, how small RNAs silence their targets, and what the functions of small RNAs are. Since the discovery of RNAi, RNAi has been widely used in studies of gene function, including high‐throughput screening. The unit will briefly describe how RNAi is used in different model systems, and how to analyze the function of endogenous small RNAs. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparing drinking water treatment costs to source water protection costs using time series analysis
Authors: Heberling Matthew T. , Nietch Christopher T. , Thurston Hale W. , Elovitz Michael , Birkenhauer Kelly H. , Panguluri Srinivas , Ramakrishnan Balaji , Heiser Eric , Neyer Tim
Published: October 2015

We present a framework to compare water treatment costs to source water protection costs, an important knowledge gap for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This trade‐off helps to determine what incentives a DWTP has to invest in natural infrastructure or pollution reduction in the watershed rather than pay for treatment on site. To illustrate, we use daily observations from 2007 to 2011 for the Bob McEwen Water Treatment Plant, Clermont County, Ohio, to understand the relationship between treatment costs and water quality and operational variables (e.g., turbidity, total organic carbon [TOC], pool elevation, and production volume). Part of our contribution to understanding drinking water treatment costs is examining both long‐run and short‐run relationships using error correction models (ECMs). Treatment costs per 1000 gallons (per 3.79 m3) were based on chemical, pumping, and granular activated carbon costs. Results from the ECM suggest that a 1% decrease in turbidity decreases treatment costs by 0.02% immediately and an additional 0.1% over future days. Using mean values for the plant, a 1% decrease in turbidity leads to $1123/year decrease in treatment costs. To compare these costs with source water protection costs, we use a polynomial distributed lag model to link total phosphorus loads, a source water quality parameter affected by land use changes, to turbidity at the plant. We find the costs for source water protection to reduce loads much greater than the reduction in treatment costs during these years. Although we find no incentive to protect source water in our case study, this framework can help DWTPs quantify the trade‐offs.
Modeling the influence of hypsometry, vegetation, and storm energy on snowmelt contributions to basins during rain‐on‐snow floods
Authors: Wayand Nicholas E. , Lundquist Jessica D. , Clark Martyn P.
Published: October 2015

Point observations and previous basin modeling efforts have suggested that snowmelt may be a significant input of water for runoff during extreme rain‐on‐snow floods within western U.S. basins. Quantifying snowmelt input over entire basins is difficult given sparse observations of snowmelt. In order to provide a range of snowmelt contributions for water managers, a physically based snow model coupled with an idealized basin representation was evaluated in point simulations and used to quantify the maximum basin‐wide input from snowmelt volume during flood events. Maximum snowmelt basin contributions and uncertainty ranges were estimated as 29% (11–47%), 29% (8–37%), and 7% (2–24%) of total rain plus snowmelt input, within the Snoqualmie, East North Fork Feather, and Upper San Joaquin basins, respectively, during historic flooding events between 1980 and 2008. The idealized basin representation revealed that both hypsometry and forest cover of a basin had similar magnitude of impacts on the basin‐wide snowmelt totals. However, the characteristics of a given storm (antecedent SWE and available energy for melt) controlled how much hypsometry and forest cover impacted basin‐wide snowmelt. These results indicate that for watershed managers, flood forecasting efforts should prioritize rainfall prediction first, but cannot neglect snowmelt contributions in some cases. Efforts to reduce the uncertainty in the above snowmelt simulations should focus on improving the meteorological forcing data (especially air temperature and wind speed) in complex terrain.
Neodymium isotopic composition in foraminifera and authigenic phases of the South China Sea sediments: Implications for the hydrology of the North Pacific Ocean over the past 25 kyr
Authors: Wu Qiong , Colin Christophe , Liu Zhifei , Thil François , Dubois‐Dauphin Quentin , Frank Norbert , Tachikawa Kazuyo , Bordier Louise , Douville Eric
Published: October 2015

εNd and normalized Rare Earth Elements (REE) patterns of benthic and planktonic foraminifera and Fe‐Mn coatings precipitated on sediments have been investigated for the South China Sea (SCS) to (1) assess the reliability of the extraction of past seawater εNd in the SCS and to (2) reconstruct past hydrological changes during the last 25 kyr. Reductively cleaned mono‐specific planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber) and mixed benthic foraminifera in core‐top sediments from 1500 to 2400 m display similar εNd values to those of the modern Pacific Deep Water (PDW) (εNd of −3.9 to −4.4). Furthermore, the εNd of the reductive cleaning solutions shows similar εNd values to ones obtained on cleaned foraminifera. Combined with PAAS‐normalized REE patterns, these results confirm that the oxidative and reductive cleaning procedure applied to foraminifera does not totally remove all of the Fe‐Mn coatings and that εNd values yielded by cleaned planktonic foraminifera retain the εNd imprint of the bottom and/or pore water. εNd values obtained from a leaching procedure carried out on the bulk non‐decarbonated sediments are comparable to the εNd values of the modern PDW, whereas a similar leaching procedure applied to decarbonated sediments reveals a bias due to contamination with Nd deriving from lithogenic particles. In core MD05‐2904, seawater εNd, reconstructed from planktonic foraminifera, indicates that the last glacial period is characterized by lower εNd (−5.2 ± 0.2 to −6.4 ± 0.3) than the late Holocene (−4.1 ± 0.2). Assuming that Nd input from river does not change strongly the εNd of the PDW of the northern SCS, these εNd variations suggest a higher relative proportions of southern‐sourced water in the deep water of the western subtropical Pacific Ocean during the last glacial period.