bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
`Shaping Places: Urban planning, design and development` by D. Adams and S. Tiesdell
Authors: Biddulph Mike
Published: July 2024

Shaping Places: Urban planning, design and development; Edited by D. Adams and S. Tiesdell;; Reviewed by Mike Biddulph
Sustainability creates business and brand value
Authors: Palma Nestor Coronado , Visser Mirjam
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the journey of Royal Philips Electronics on integrating sustainability in its businesses and processes to create value for its stakeholders, considering specific products from its consumer lifestyle division. It takes you from the origins of the company, as a frontrunner providing healthcare and schooling for employees, through eco-design initiatives, to integrating sustainability in the company's strategy. A strategy based on increasing the human development and decreasing the global ecological footprint. Different markets and stakeholders perceive sustainability differently, asking for a tailored approach according to local needs. Therefore, sustainability can be a driver for creativity and innovation, enabling customised solutions that address both functional and the emotional aspects. Finally, the paper mentions that what differentiates an organisation as a sustainability leader is its capability to partner up with stakeholders along the value chain, including governments and non-governmental organisations, developing new measuring standards, business models and reward systems.
Embedding ethics in organisations and their operations: a dynamic approach
Authors: Dajani Jorge , Rossert Bertrand Andre
Published: July 2024

The traditional tasks of the ethics function(s) of an organisation consist in setting constraints on individual behaviours, imposing conflict of interest rules and compliance requirements in relation to processes and defining policy constraints in the form of corporate responsibility obligations. This approach has increasingly expanded from ‘ethics as a constraint’ to ‘ethics through information sharing’, by implementing training and disclosure programmes, developing risk assessment at process levels and agreeing to more policy scrutiny through transparency and benchmarking. This paper suggests that the traditional ethics functions should further expand and provide their organisations with an ethics strategy. Such functions should integrate organisational incentives with ethical considerations and embed these into individual attitudes and behaviours, processes, policies and strategies. These three stages (traditional function/information sharing/ ethics strategy) are summarised as a matrix that allows ethics practitioners to chart the desirable evolution of their organisation, seeking to increase both the sustainability and the resilience of organisations.
Medical group governance for better organisational integration
Authors: Witalis Kara , Brown Tamara
Published: July 2024

Today, three of four US physicians are employed by hospitals, health systems or corporations. Forward-thinking healthcare leaders are looking for ways to leverage the intellectual capital of their employed and affiliated physicians and tighten physician–hospital integration as a means to improve care management and coordination, improve access and quality and reduce costs. Structured medical group governance is one such approach taken by healthcare leaders to enable meaningful and intentional physician–hospital joint decision making and better integration. Governance enables providers to unify and speak with one collective voice, influence the business side of clinical matters, build a unified brand and culture within the organisation and set policy or standards needed to be adopted at scale, to name just a few. Since 2019, Providence Health, a national not-for-profit Catholic Health System providing services across seven states with nearly 9,000 employed or affiliated physicians, has developed a multi-tiered medical group governance structure to coalesce on strategic direction and the major decisions that influence the clinical practice. This paper describes Providence Health’s journey in designing and maturing its medical group governance structure. In this case study, the authors describe the why, the what and the how of medical group governance and provide lessons learned and specific examples of the impact Providence Medical Group boards have had on clinician integration, engagement and alignment across the system.
Estimating recovery discount rates: A methodological note
Authors: Kupiec Paul
Published: July 2024

Loss given default (LGD) is a key input in credit risk measurement proceses. LGD rates are determined in part by the recoveries on defaulted credits. Recoveries are uncertain in value, and the time of recoveries is subject to long and variable lags. In order to estimate LGD, it is necessary to estimate the market value of an uncertain recovery stream at the time a credit defaults. This calculation requires a forecast for the expected recovery stream as well as an estimate of the risk-adjusted discount rate for discounting expected recovery values. Some commercially available recovery databases are now available that may be utilised to estimate risk premia for a class of defaulted credits. This methodological note discusses the quantitative issues and methods that are associated with estimating recovery distributions and their associated market risk premia.
Potential applications of emerging technologies to anti-money laundering compliance programmes
Authors: Vanbrackle Barrie , Patel Parag , Razon Victor
Published: July 2024

The potential applications of emerging technologies to anti-money laundering (AML) compliance programmes present a variety of benefits and challenges to financial institutions. Recently, technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing, biometrics, geolocation, and blockchain and smart contracts have shown tremendous potential to bolster the AML compliance efforts of financial institutions. However, the use of these technologies in AML compliance programmes of financial institutions present a number of challenges. This paper discusses these emerging technologies, the potential applications of such technologies to AML compliance programmes of financial institutions, and the associated benefits and challenges of these potential applications. This discussion is particularly important given increased regulatory scrutiny of financial institutions and their AML efforts in recent years.
Intentional cargo disruption by nefarious means: Examining threats, systemic vulnerabilities and securitisation measures in complex global supply chains
Authors: Mcgreevy Conor , Harrop Wayne
Published: July 2024

Global trade and commerce requires products to be securely contained and transferred in a timely way across great distances and between national boundaries. Throughout the process, cargo and containers are stored, handled and checked by a range of authorities and authorised agents. Intermodal transportation involves the use of container ships, planes, railway systems, land bridges, road networks and barges. This paper examines the the nefarious nature of intentional disruption and nefarious risks associated with the movement of cargo and container freight. The paper explores main threats, vulnerabilities and security measures relevant to significant intermodal transit risk issues such as theft, piracy, terrorism, contamination, counterfeiting and product tampering. Three risk and vulnerability models are examined and basic standards and regulations that are relevant to safe and secure transit of container goods across international supply networks are outlined.
Data-related legislation and its implications for a country’s competitiveness: The perspective of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Dai Yihan
Published: July 2024

Data protection legislation could have far-reaching implications for a country’s competitiveness in today’s global digital economy, especially for the People’s Republic of China, which is extremely data rich because of its large population and the substantial number of active internet users. Chinese legislators appear to have intentionally left a viable space for the development of Big Data and new technologies and adopt two contradictory approaches towards the liberalisation of cross-border data transfer in the context of trade globalisation. This paper discusses how the two contradictory approaches reflect a lack of policy coherence in the field of cross-border data transfer that will probably lead to ‘policy failures’.
A response to the use of ethics as a data protection building block for AI
Authors: Chang Henry
Published: July 2024

As a key driver for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, AI has increasing effects on all areas of human lives. AI utilises and interacts with a large volume of data, including personal data or data related to individuals, which inevitably raises privacy and data protection concerns. Data protection authorities (DPAs) continue to stress that AI must comply with a set of data protection principles that were first introduced nearly half of a century ago, while acknowledging these principles’ limitations in protecting individual rights under AI. These limitations include bias, discrimination, a sense of losing control, threat of surveillance, fears of erosion of choice and free will, etc. Before a set of AI-proven data protection principles can be developed and agreed internationally, DPAs have turned to ethics as an interim measure. Unlike data protection principles, however, ethics are elusive to demonstrate at best and potentially impossible to agree upon at worst. This paper explains what issues are facing AI that led to the use of ethics as a data protection building block by DPAs. It then surveys worldwide effects in providing ethical guidance related to AI and identifies ethical impact assessment (EIA) as a way to demonstrate commitment. At the same time, the practical disjoint and reasons between knowing ethics and acting ethically are elaborated to illustrate the challenges. The paper concludes with discussions on how AI practitioners should continuously monitor public sentiment, government initiatives and regulatory frameworks, and take proactive action in conducting EIA to demonstrate their commitment to and respect of ethics.
Risk-neutral versus objective loss distribution and CDO tranche valuation
Authors: Torresetti Roberto , Brigo Damiano , Pallavicini Andrea
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the risk-neutral loss distribution as implied by index collateralised debt obligation (CDO) tranche quotes through a ‘scenario default rate’ model as opposed to the objective measure loss distribution based on historical analysis. The risk-neutral loss distribution turns out to assign greater probability to large realisations of the loss with respect to the objective distribution, thus implying the well-known presence of a risk premium. In the spirit of Elton et al. (2001), the paper measures this premium, regressing the tranche excess returns against the three Fama-French factors, augmented by the credit index excess returns. However, on the basis of the limited available sample data, it finds no evidence of a significant risk premium. Following Tarashev and Zhu (2007), the paper quantifies the correlation premium, pricing CDO tranches and indices under two distributions: risk-neutral and objective. Instead of building a time nonhomogeneous default dependency as per Tarashev and Zhu, the paper assumes a time-homogeneous default correlation, as can be found in the S&P CDO Evaluator. En passant, the paper analyses the implied risk-neutral default-rate distributions calibrated from April 2004 through April 2006, noting the persistence through time of the distinctive ‘bump’ in the distribution tail.
The changing multicultural marketing landscape
Authors: Morse David R.
Published: July 2024

Within the USA, 2020 was a turning point in terms of attitudes toward race, racism and social justice, particularly among whites. After a horrified nation, indeed world, watched the brutal murder of George Floyd at the hands of police officers, and the growing support extended to the Black Lives Matter movement, Americans began to look toward their brands to take on systemic racism and promote the wellbeing of people of colour, as well as the LGBTQ and gender non-binary communities. As companies’ diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives become increasingly visible and important to customers, as well as employees, the business of multicultural marketing is likely to change. This paper examines the evolution of the multicultural marketing industry over the past 25 years, where it is in 2021, and the direction it is likely to go, given an increasing focus on racial equality amid stark attitudinal divisions.
Airport buildings: A key opportunity for sustainability in aviation
Authors: Sperry Raphael , Bender Gray
Published: July 2024

The aviation industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and advancing sustainable airport facilities is an important and highly visible way to demonstrate progress. Citizen groups and scientific reports have both highlighted the increasing share of global GHG emissions due to aviation and have called for everything from policy changes to constrain aviation emissions growth, to a movement for passengers to abstain from flying. With the social licence to operate being called into question, the aviation industry must demonstrate that it takes concerns around sustainability seriously and that it is addressing them in order to maintain public support. A common misconception exists that because aircraft emissions are so significant, sustainability efforts at airports are negligible. Airport GHG emissions are, however, substantial, stemming from energy use in buildings, ground service equipment and specialised equipment. San Francisco International Airport (SFO), to take an example, where the authors have consulted on sustainability, uses as much energy as its three neighbouring towns combined. Nor do airport environmental impacts stop at GHG emissions — airport development and operations can lead to substantial land-use changes, health impacts on millions of passengers and airport workers and noise impacts on neighbouring communities. The secondary impacts of the enormous quantity of materials used in construction of airfields and buildings can all be felt on the local, regional and global scales. Airports can best demonstrate their commitment to sustainability through reference to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): a global plan of action to protect the environment while promoting the economic growth needed to lift people out of poverty and reduce inequalities between and within countries. The SDGs have received commitments of support from civil society non-governmental organisations, national, state, and local governments and private companies around the world following the most extensive public outreach process ever undertaken, involving over 3 million people. This paper explores how sustainability fits within the SDGs across four categories — energy, water, construction materials and indoor environmental quality — and presents real-world case studies where strategies addressing these topics have been incorporated.
The real meaning of building conservation
Authors: Edwards John
Published: July 2024

This paper describes what building conservation really is in that it is not just a technical process but one that requires a broader range of values that uses the reasons why what is being conserved is so important. The latter is known as significance and we define exactly what it is and describe how it is a core ingredient to building conservation. Definitions of conservation are described and the case is made that it should be applied to all older buildings and not just those that receive special protection. This paper also makes the case for much improved training and education as one of the means of generally improving the way all older building are treated.
The importance of studying human perception when designing high-rises and their surrounding environment: The case study of Amman city
Authors: Zalloom Bushra
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, the cityscape of Amman, the capital of Jordan, has been transformed, especially in terms of high-rise buildings, urban regeneration projects and shopping malls. This paper focuses on the design of high-rise buildings in Amman and explores how the areas surrounding the high-rises are designed and perceived by users. It tries to justify the reasons behind the rejection of these blocks by the citizens of Amman. It also discusses some of the outcomes of the high-density mixed-used (HDMU) strategy that was implemented by the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) in 2008 to organise the high-rises’ location and design. The paper proposes a set of design strategies for the outdoor spaces surrounding the high-rises to reduce their impact on the adjacent environment and make them more acceptable to the citizens, including strengthening the image of the landscape elements and weakening the visual effect of the buildings’ mass. To achieve the research’s aim, the paper describes how these masses emerged in Amman, followed by an analysis of the HDMU strategy’s strength and weakness. It further discusses human recognition as a tool that helps in humanising the outdoor spaces surrounding the high-rises, and finally, it assesses the current status of the high-rises in Amman based on recognition factors.
The price–cost disconnect in healthcare: Negative consequences and recommended remedies
Authors: Knight Ellis Mac
Published: July 2024

Payers and providers have been forced to scrutinise costs more over the last five to ten years of vigorous healthcare reform; however, this increased attention to costs has not been reflected in pricing, and a price–cost disconnect leads to many deleterious consequences. This paper outlines the negative results of this disconnect and recommends several ways in which this gap can be corrected to create a more cost-efficient healthcare economy, one of the goals of the so-called Triple Aim of healthcare reform.
Transforming the customer experience in post-trade services
Authors: Laurensy Philippe
Published: July 2024

In an era in which clients are interconnected in countless ways and information is transferable across a plethora of channels, ensuring high levels of client satisfaction is a key driver for any firm that wants to stay in business. Traditional means of achieving client satisfaction still has a role to play, but the landscape and the expectations of clients are changing. What may have been good enough to keep paying clients happy before, simply does not make the grade today. New technologies, and more importantly, integrating them with traditional client service tools is an attractive proposition for many firms. Finding a cost-effective way, however, to transform this theory into practice poses considerable challenges. This paper explores the complex world of institutional banking and the post-trade industry with a detailed look at how client-centric business models are coming to the fore. In particular it will explore the technology that is available and how it can be used to help firms achieve their long-term objectives.
What’s next for real-time COVID-19-era marketing?
Authors: Angelo Toni , Umberger Katie , Cruikshank Dana , Partridge Steve
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 took a heavy toll in the world of higher education and higher education marketing. This paper outlines how Northern Virginia Community College and VisionPoint Marketing tackled the issue of declining summer 2020 enrollment head-on as the pandemic hit the United States and turned the problem on its head in the span of just three weeks. The campaign’s remarkable success serves as a guidepost on what to do in times of crisis in the world of higher education.
IoT-based airport systems: A unified approach towards establishing trust for high security and integrity of industrial IoT platforms and sensors
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Nikos , Loupos Konstantinos , Skoufis Christos
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the latest research information on the emerging importance of internet of things (IoT) and edge or fog computing in modern Operational Technology (OT) based airport systems. It cites the novel aspects that arise as they become integral parts of critical systems such as airport; building automation; energy; environmental, physical and perimeter security; passenger processing and other airport systems. IoT-based sensors provide a whole new range of features considerably advanced than those of previous generations of sensors, by capturing and processing data and information at the source. Although the benefits of using IoT-based platforms and edge computing have proven a game changer for airport systems, aspects such as the privacy, security and safety and risk of utilising IoT-based architectures emerged from airport operators, as they were introduced and employed at airport operational environments. It is the aim of this paper to provide readers with the latest research on technologies that address those topics and their importance within an airport business and operational framework. This research has taken place in the context of CHARIOT project under the funding of Horizon programme by a consortium of companies that developed and validated those methods and tools that aim to address the privacy, security and safety aspects of IoT-based airport systems.
Data governance in big data platforms
Authors: Bardmesser Julia , Maung Ian , Maydanchik Olga
Published: July 2024

During the past decade many financial companies have invested heavily in big data. The promise of this technology, of being able to analyse vast amounts of data quickly and obtain previously unavailable insights about the customers, trends and future opportunities, is remarkable. However, it has become clear that it is not enough to throw all the available data together and run the latest visualisation software on it. To build a business strategy based on this intelligence something more is needed – trust in the data on which the intelligence is obtained. Data governance is an important enabler of this trust. This paper considers in depth how data governance becomes an important enabler of effective use of big data platforms in financial services companies by examining three major use cases of big data environments: ad hoc analytics and visualisation, online data archival and business critical applications. By thorough examination of the essential dimensions of data governance, the paper builds a framework that can guide the management of the companies in their decisions on the appropriate uses of big data platforms and the corresponding investment in the necessary levels of data governance.
Do the right thing and get caught doing it: A case study of developing cognitive impairment guidelines for advancement staff at the University of Illinois System
Authors: Adams Tara , Pomonis Anthony
Published: July 2024

We are currently witnessing the largest transfer of wealth in human history: as Baby Boomers and older Americans pass along their finances to charities and heirs, over US$35,000,000,000,000 (US$35tn) in wealth will be redistributed in the coming years. This paper is a case study that explores the increasing rates of Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia among ageing donor populations within higher education. The paper tracks the authors’ development of cognitive impairment guidelines for the advancement staff at the University of Illinois System. The case study also identifies the challenges inherent in developing and implementing fundraising guidelines in a large, decentralised system that includes three separate universities and a 501(c)(3) university foundation, each with its own development teams and leadership hierarchies.
From tradition to transformation: Academic librarians as key players in online education
Authors: Garner Brad , Snyder Tiffany , Wise Jay , Walters Rachel
Published: July 2024

The role and function of academic libraries have undergone dramatic changes in the midst of a shifting digital world and a chaotic higher education landscape. Library personnel have made significant progress in staying abreast of these developments and creating new and different ways of engaging with online students and faculty. This paper summarises current research related to the historical roots of academic libraries in higher education, the influences of digital technology (particularly generative artificial intelligence [GenAI]), connections between faculty and academic libraries, relationships between students and academic libraries, and possible courses of action as library personnel continue to make academic libraries a pivotal resource for online faculty and students.
Maturity modelling: A qualitative approach
Authors: Keeley Roderic
Published: July 2024

To restore, recover and resume operations in the wake of a major interruption to business requires clearly defined goals and the existence of a roadmap to achieve, if not exceed, established expectations. This paper proposes that the use of a qualitative approach to measuring business continuity maturity provides the ideal lens through which to gauge an organisation’s current state, identify the gaps that need to be closed, and create that roadmap to resilience. Specifically, the paper argues that looking at how well something is completed or understood provides significantly more value than a yes/no quantitative approach that looks only at if something meets expectations. As any successful programme requires ongoing refinement, this paper is intended both to encourage and challenge practitioners to understand better why — and how — to measure their business continuity programme, as well as provide a foundation for development, with a view to unlocking the opportunity for continued resiliency.
PC-based Automated Clearing House origination: Dinosaur or niche application?
Authors: Rettinger Gregory
Published: July 2024

As time marches forward, more and more financial institutions are moving their Automated Clearing House (ACH) origination offerings from PC-based to web-based platforms. With the emergence of high-speed internet service and remote working arrangements, most businesses have welcomed this shift. So is this the end of the line for PC-based ACH origination, or are there still compelling reasons for companies to use non-web-based ACH solutions? To explore this question, this paper begins by reviewing PC-based and web-based ACH origination, explaining how they have evolved and noting each method’s advantages and disadvantages for both financial institutions and corporate users. The paper reveals the results of U.S. Bank’s experience with customer origination preferences, explores some key characteristics that drive customer adoption of different solutions, and ultimately draws some conclusions about whether PC-based ACH origination will survive. Finally, the paper discusses corpor­ate best practices for both methods of ACH origination.
Interconnectedness and financial stability
Authors: Martinez-Jaramillo Serafin , Carmona Christian U. , Kenett Dror Y.
Published: July 2024

The 2007–2008 global financial crisis has been associated with a high level of connectivity in the global financial system. The crisis, and the following events of the past decade, have highlighted the relevance of the concept of interconnectedness to understanding systemic risk, transmission of financial contagion and ultimately on the subject of financial stability. Nevertheless, the more general relationship, across its full spectrum, between interconnectedness and financial stability, is still not fully studied and understood. This paper reviews the positive aspects as well as the negative aspects of interconnectedness. It also discusses briefly the important question of the optimal level of connectivity in a financial system. Finally, the paper proposes the use of novel statistical inferential methods for complex networks to address comprehensively the study of interconnectedness in financial systems.
Environmental due diligence: Beyond land contamination
Authors: Duffield Graham
Published: July 2024

The objective of the paper is to provide insight into the changing focus of environmental due diligence (EDD) assessments for real estate transactions, and how the effects of significant environmental factors such as climate change have had an impact on investment strategies. The paper details how the scope of EDD assessments has changed from the traditional focus of land contamination, to areas including environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG), air quality and sustainability. Ultimately, investors are seeking to maximise asset value from real estate investments, and this paper highlights the areas where investors will need to focus, in order to realise an increase on their returns.
Statutory compliance for providing reasonable adjustment to facilitate equal access to goods and services in tourist locations
Authors: Mclean Simon
Published: July 2024

Are all tourist-dependent businesses meeting their statutory obligations and taking full advantage of the economic value of the tourist budget? This paper identifies the economic impact of excluding disabled customers from goods and services offered at locations which are dependent upon tourist income. A small town that currently attracts tourists and looks to the development of its tourist income is proposed as a case study for assessing current accessibility for disabled people. From a baseline of a reasonable adjustment compliant retail unit, and using the standards for providing access contained within BS8300, this paper undertakes a series of simple access audits of businesses that would expect to attract tourist custom. This approach establishes if these businesses, and the town, are maximising all the potential tourist derived income, and complying with current statute, by providing equal access to disabled customers. The findings strongly indicate that this is not the case. With alternative venues offering a similar themed experience, a lack of accessible facilities is cited as a potential hinderance to the development of tourism income.
Forecasting initial margin requirements: A model evaluation
Authors: Caspers Peter , Giltinan Paul , Lichters Roland , Nowaczyk Nikolai
Published: July 2024

The introduction of mandatory margining for non-cleared derivatives portfolios has major implications for the pricing and risk measurement of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. In particular, a model for estimating future initial margin requirements is necessary to enable the calculation of relevant pricing adjustments, net counterparty credit exposures and credit capital requirements. Existing literature on the topic suggests a model that makes use of regression techniques, but little detail is available on the predictive quality of these models within a Monte Carlo simulation framework. We review these regression-based initial margin models in detail and compare their output against the actual margin requirements measured by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association standard initial margin model (ISDA SIMM) methodology. We observe that the models generally perform well for single trades but show some degradation for larger diversified portfolios. We investigate potential extensions and improvements to the model, along with examining some additional ‘conservatism’ features that may have application in the context of credit exposure measurement. The initial margin modelling approaches discussed here are similarly applicable to centrally cleared or exchange-traded portfolios.
When a drip becomes a flood: Lessons learned from Target Corporation’s first large-scale business disruption
Authors: Hirsch Kimberly D. , Strawser Bryan E.
Published: July 2024

Business continuity practitioners routinely determine which teams in their companies are critical and undertake extensive and rigorous planning processes. But what happens when a business is faced with an unanticipated long-term disruption that primarily affects non-critical teams? How can a company use the essential principles of business continuity and crisis management in order to respond? This paper explores a 2013 business disruption experienced by Target Corporation at one of its headquarters locations caused by a leak in the water line for an ice machine. Challenges encountered and reviewed include supporting non-critical teams, leadership of a multi-week business disruption and how remote work technologies have changed traditional continuity alternative workspace solution planning. Lessons learned from this activation are presented with implications for business continuity and emergency management planning that are applicable to any industry.
Letters of intent: Getting them right
Authors: Sutton Graham , Rzedzian Jan
Published: July 2024

Letters of intent are a fiercely debated topic in the legal sector. Despite their established role in the construction industry, their use is feared to detract from the importance of signing fully negotiated written contracts. This poses risks because of a lack of certainty and so, unsurprisingly, some legal commentators have urged that letters of intent should be completely avoided. Against the competitive and time-sensitive commercial backdrop of the construction industry, letters of intent have become a practical necessity, but how can parties ensure they get them right? In this paper, leading construction lawyers from Hay & Kilner Solicitors demystify the letter of intent document by offering a practical explanation of how it works, where it has caused misunderstandings and which questions are regularly asked about using one in practice — to include compliance queries around timings, finances and legalities. The paper offers a simple checklist of dos and don'ts designed to avoid ambiguity and open-endedness.
A decision-making characteristics framework for marketing attribution in practice: Improving empirical procedures
Authors: Hosahally Shashank , Zaremba Arkadiusz
Published: July 2024

In today’s multi-channel environment, It is becoming increasingly difficult to implement advanced multi-touch attribution (MTA) models to facilitate advertising decision-making. This is due to the rising number of advertising platforms, such as TikTok, Metaverse and Google — each with its own unique attribution principles — and the decline in user-level disaggregated data. Over time, the development of marketing models has matured in parallel with the greater availability of consumer data and understanding of consumer behaviour. To overcome media optimisation challenges at the tactical and channel levels, e-commerce brands have replaced traditional media-mix methods with attribution methods that provide immediate insights into return on advertising spend. However, existing MTA models lack simplicity, robustness, ease of interpretation, and accuracy, all of which are critical attributes of decision-supporting models. To address this, this paper proposes a holistic conceptual framework that captures the various interplaying characteristics of attribution models in practice. The concept is based on the evolution of modelling and insights into the development of decision-making paradigms. The proposed architecture highlights the interactions between various tools, media categorisation and metrics, and how they influence media spend optimisation at the channel and tactical levels. The paper also describes some of the most recent advances in media measurement practices. By adopting the proposed framework, future advertisers can identify the best way to overcome the challenges of analysing marketing performance.
Reaching the unreached: Building resilience through engagement with diverse communities
Authors: Scott Jannah , Coleman Marcus
Published: July 2024

The Department of Homeland Security Center for Faith-based & Neighborhood Partnerships (DHS Center) is one of 13 federal centres whose mandate is to engage faith-based and community groups with governments in the delivery of human services. Working alongside local jurisdictions, over the past five years, the DHS Center developed the Building Resilience with Diverse Communities (BRDC) engagement process to improve relationships with faith-based and community organisations and to ‘reach unreached’ populations in emergency preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. BRDC works to improve community resilience by engaging the ‘whole community’ through its seven-stage process. The BRDC process has been successfully implemented in Los Angeles, California, Lakewood, New Jersey and in varying degrees in other communities. The initiative demonstrates that emergency management can adapt the BRDC process to effectively integrate faith-based and community groups into their plans and processes, leverage existing resources and, by doing so, increase resilience with some of the hardest to reach and unreached populations in their jurisdictions.
Breaking down barriers between brand and enrolment marketing
Authors: Denker John , Harper Christie
Published: July 2024

There exists an ongoing debate within the higher education marketing and communications disciplines on the merits of having a centralised versus decentralised structure. At the University of Arizona, the institution's two largest marketing teams chose collaboration as a third path — embracing and combining the audience and content expertise of the decentralised model with the brand consistency and breadth of centralisation. This collaboration has effectively broken down the barriers between enrolment and brand marketing and thereby enhanced the effectiveness of each unit's individual marketing efforts, making the whole greater than the sum of the parts. This paper will reveal how the teams came together on media strategy, brand strategy and creative execution to achieve significant application and enrolment growth.
Trust-based marketing leadership: What senior leaders should be focusing on during brand plan reviews
Authors: Davidovic David
Published: July 2024

Virtually every marketing team, in every company and in every industry, goes through the yearly, if not more frequent, ritual of developing and presenting its business/marketing plans to its executive team. This process can involve considerable time and expenditure. In very many cases, executives’ own blind spots of their role in the process can have a host of negative consequences for the quality of the plans themselves and, just as importantly, for the motivation and engagement of the team. When leaders second-guess the work done by expert and dedicated teams or use the ritual as an opportunity to micromanage or grandstand, there can be many consequences, some of which are outlined in this paper. This paper discusses ways to make it right, and offers a number of tips for leaders to consider as they manage and conduct brand strategy and plan reviews. The current author believes that embracing some or all of these tips will result in not only better plans, but also more engaged and motivated teams.
Three steps to safety: Developing procedures for active shooters
Authors: Morris Lisa W.
Published: July 2024

Every Second counts once gunshots are heard in the workplace environment. Close the office door, turn out the lights and turn the mobile phone to ‘silent’ is the standard mantra for what is expected in the response efforts; however, is that enough? In a perfect world, this sermon may fall short of what emergency management practitioners might preach as it does not adequately fulfil the reality of what is best practice for optimal life safety. This paper offers options for lockdown preparedness and response to address internal lockdown from the moment shots are fired. Recommendations for the creation of a lockdown plan, building assessment surveys and a controlled, simulated exercise are addressed to raise awareness in response methods and reduce overall response time. The procedures suggested in this paper will optimise training efforts using the community’s standard emergency operating procedures in response to workplace violence to minimise loss of life.
`Events and Urban Regeneration — The Strategic Use of Events to Revitalise Cities` by Andrew Smit
Authors: Pain Kathy
Published: July 2024

Events and Urban Regeneration — The Strategic Use of Events to Revitalise Cities; By Andrew Smith; Reviewed by Kathy Pain
Credit models and the crisis: An overview
Authors: Brigo Damiano , Pallavicini Andrea , Torresetti Roberto
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the evolution of methodologies used to price credit derivatives and collateralised debt obligations (CDOs): from the introduction of the Gaussian copula model and the related implied correlations, to the introduction of arbitrage-free dynamic loss models capable of calibrating all the tranches for all the maturities at the same time; and to the generalised Poisson loss (GPL) model in particular. The paper also discusses: (i) the implied copula model, which can consistently account for CDOs with different attachment and detachment points for a single maturity, and (ii) the notion of expected tranche loss, a model independent quantity that can be easily stripped from CDO data and may be useful for interpolation. The paper also notes that authors had raised objections to using Gaussian copulas and implied correlation in CDO modelling as far back as 2006, showing that the quantitative community was aware of these limitations before the crisis. The authors also comment here on why the Gaussian copulas are still used to model CDOs. Overall, they conclude that more work needs to be done to improve the modelling of CDOs and credit derivatives.
Order and trade data analysis in recent spoofing investigations
Authors: Leonard Greg , Haas Marlene , Pegden Oliver
Published: July 2024

This paper examines recent enforcement action by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in relation to spoofing and, in particular, the FCA's use of trading data analysis in support of its findings. Data analysis has become an increasingly important part of recent FCA market abuse enforcement actions, particularly with respect to spoofing investigations. Where other evidence of manipulative intent is absent, the FCA may seek to infer such intent from order and trading activity where there appears to be no legitimate explanation for it. But — as this paper explains — any such inference must be based on sound analysis: there must be clarity around the sample on which an observed pattern is based as well as any sampled trading which does not appear to fit the observed pattern and which might therefore point away from manipulative intent.
From knowing to doing: A framework to discover, engage with and motivate the person behind the data
Authors: Lauscher Pascal
Published: July 2024

This is the age of data-driven marketing. Marketers utilise data to target better, to improve communication and to learn more about their customers. And yet, marketers seldom utilise data to be more creative and engage better with the person behind the data. As this has been the cornerstone of advertising for decades, it is time to start looking at data in a different way. The full resonance framework outlined in this paper helps analytics professionals to identify the actionable insights that resonate with the target audience on an emotional and motivational level and which form the foundation of outstanding creative advertising.
The Nixon Tapes in the digital age
Authors: Mcstay Cary , Rodríguez Daniel
Published: July 2024

This paper draws on the history of the Nixon White House Tapes to provide a case study in audio digitisation for preservation and access. The recordings, made between 1971 and 1973, represent one of the most important recorded sound collections in US history and range from personal conversations between family members and work associates to classified conversations. In 2013, the Nixon Library, part of the National Archives and Records Administration, began comprehensive digitisation for preservation and access. This paper describes how digitisation and the digital workflows developed by archivists have served this collection well, giving staff the flexibility to address public requests for declassification review by agencies, and to adjust to changes in staffing levels, priorities, and even work conditions.
Protection of children’s personal data and where reforms are needed
Authors: Raab Susan
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the world of children’s data. This area is garnering global attention due to its complexity and is rapidly changing. We will look at children’s data laws and collection in the United States as an example of how longtime child protective laws are compared with newer legislation in the European Union (EU), United Kingdom and other jurisdictions. This microcosm offers a window into many aspects of data governance, which affects adults as well. This is because data collected on children touches all aspects of society, education, healthcare, sports and recreation, and also impacts what is known about their families. Children’s data is an especially vulnerable link in the data ecosystem and is often misappropriated and used to access large amounts of consumer data without the knowledge of those consumers. Ignoring this is risky, and regulating this area is complex. The paper looks at how children’s rights have been viewed historically, including by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which established core principles and by example, the United States, which has overlapping laws in key youth sectors, education, online entertainment and health. We look at newer laws and guidance, including California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), UK’s Age Appropriate Design Code (AADC) and others in terms of how they perceive children’s rights and are addressing privacy threats that children face. While it is not comprehensive, this looks at how children’s privacy rights are regulated, what mechanisms can be used to support their rights and recommends what needs to be addressed going forwards.
Building a global brand with corporate e-learning: Challenges, solutions and best practices for international businesses
Authors: Giovanis Kristen
Published: July 2024

Creating effective global e-learning initiatives requires strategic planning and process creation in order to avoid mistakes that can turn off global learners and hinder company growth. Understanding the benefits and correct applications of e-learning, translation and localisation can help define a path to the successful phasing in of a global training programme in a cost-effective, efficient way. When creating a training programme for international learners, there are many factors to consider, including budget, timing, design and content relevancy. These factors become increasingly complex when considering lingual, regional and cultural differences across the globe. Preparing to face these complex challenges with stakeholder buy-in, defined procedures and inter-department collaboration will ensure the success of the global initiative. This paper will explore e-learning best practices and methods when applied to a global audience, and will address common pitfalls that can result in inefficiencies and miscommunications. Readers will learn how to avoid mistakes that derail a global e-learning initiative; to create a cost-conscious, effective strategy for a global e-learning initiative; to create content that can be easily localised from one culture and language to another; and to utilise tools and software to create an interface that works on a variety of platforms