bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Effects of Behavioral Skills Training on Social Praise Delivery in Malaysian Classrooms
Authors: Looi Irene , Johnson Cammarie
Published: March 2022

Malaysia launched the Inclusive Education Program (IEP) in 1997 to integrate students with special needs into mainstream classrooms and local researchers have recently asserted that more training is necessary for Malaysian teachers to effectively work with IEP students. The purposes of this research, therefore, were to (1) introduce the use of social praise via behavioral skills training (BST) to teachers of students in IEP, (2) increase the use of social praise by teachers of students in IEP via written feedback provided by the experimenter following each post-BST classroom session; and (3) increase the likelihood of individually selected target behavior in students who attend IEP. A multiple-baseline across four teacher-student dyads was conducted. Results indicated that BST and written feedback were effective in increasing the frequency (converted to responses per minute) of social praise issued by all four teachers and that collateral effects were seen by an increase in target behaviors for two out of four student participants. A posttreatment social validity survey completed by teacher participants indicated that the BST goals, procedures, and outcomes were practical and important.
The Cys‐Pro motifs in the intrinsically disordered regions of the transcription factor BACH1 mediate distinct and overlapping functions upon heme binding
Authors: Segawa Kei , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Murayama Kazutaka
Published: March 2022

The function of the transcription factor BACH1 is regulated by heme binding to multiple Cys‐Pro (CP) motifs within its intrinsically disordered regions. Here, biochemical analyses were conducted to reveal the individual functional roles of the CP motifs. Our findings revealed that four CP motifs in BACH1 individually contributed to the regulation of BACH1 activity by accepting heme in a five‐ and six‐coordination manner. The model structure around the bZip domain indicated that the CP motifs are in the N‐ and C‐terminal heme‐binding regions, which are approximately 9 nm apart, suggesting that spatial location is important for the individual function of the CP motifs. The presence of multiple CP motifs with distinct roles may ensure the multifaceted, strict regulation of BACH1 by heme.
Mussel‐ and Barnacle Cement Proteins‐Inspired Dual‐Bionic Bioadhesive with Repeatable Wet‐Tissue Adhesion, Multimodal Self‐Healing, and Antibacterial Capability for Nonpressing Hemostasis and Promoted Wound Healing
Authors: Pan Gaoxing , Li Feihan , He Shaohua , Li Weidong , Wu Quanming , He Jingjing , Ruan Renjie , Xiao Zhixiang , Zhang Jin , Yang Huanghao
Published: March 2022

Massive bleeding and wound infection are the major problems often observed during severe trauma, and achieving rapid hemostasis in cases of high‐dose bleeding in arteries and viscera remains an acute clinical demand. Herein, a mussel‐ and barnacle cement proteins‐inspired dual‐bionic hydrogel is first proposed. Benefiting from abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups, a tough dissipative matrix, removal of interfacial water, as well as dynamic redox balance of phenol‐quinone, the multinetwork hydrogel achieves repeatable robust wet‐tissue adhesiveness (151.40 ± 1.50 kPa), a fast multimodal self‐healing ability, and excellent antibacterial property against both Gram‐positive/negative bacteria. For rabbit/pig models of cardiac penetration holes and femoral artery injuries, the dual‐bionic bioadhesive shows better hemostatic efficiency than commercial gauze due to the synergistic effect of strong wound sealing capability, excellent red blood cell capturing property, and activation of hemostatic barrier membrane. More interestingly, the hydrogel combined with commercial hemostatic sponge presents accelerated wound healing as well as great potential for treating deep‐wound hemorrhage in a battlefield environment. Overall, owing to these unique advantages, the novel tissue‐adhesive hemostat opens up a new avenue to rapid sealing hemostasis and wound healing applications.
Light Stimulation of Neurons on Organic Photocapacitors Induces Action Potentials with Millisecond Precision
Authors: Schmidt Tony , Jakešová Marie , Đerek Vedran , Kornmueller Karin , Tiapko Oleksandra , Bischof Helmut , Burgstaller Sandra , Waldherr Linda , Nowakowska Marta , Baumgartner Christian , Üçal Muammer , Leitinger Gerd , Scheruebel Susanne , Patz Silke , Malli Roland , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Rienmüller Theresa , Schindl Rainer
Published: March 2022

Nongenetic optical control of neurons is a powerful technique to study and manipulate the function of the nervous system. This research has benchmarked the performance of organic electrolytic photocapacitor (OEPC) optoelectronic stimulators at the level of single mammalian cells: human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells with heterologously expressed voltage‐gated K+ channels and hippocampal primary neurons. OEPCs act as extracellular stimulation electrodes driven by deep red light. The electrophysiological recordings show that millisecond light stimulation of OEPC shifts conductance‐voltage plots of voltage‐gated K+ channels by ≈30 mV. Models are described both for understanding the experimental findings at the level of K+ channel kinetics in HEK cells, as well as elucidating interpretation of membrane electrophysiology obtained during stimulation with an electrically floating extracellular photoelectrode. A time‐dependent increase in voltage‐gated channel conductivity in response to OEPC stimulation is demonstrated. These findings are then carried on to cultured primary hippocampal neurons. It is found that millisecond time‐scale optical stimuli trigger repetitive action potentials in these neurons. The findings demonstrate that OEPC devices enable the manipulation of neuronal signaling activities with millisecond precision. OEPCs can therefore be integrated into novel in vitro electrophysiology protocols, and the findings can inspire in vivo applications.
Gender differences in emergency medicine standardized letters of evaluation
Authors: Mannix Alexandra , Monteiro Sandra , Miller Danielle , Parsons Melissa , Alvarez Al’ai , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Gore Katarzyna , Eraso Daniel , Davenport Dayle , Chan Teresa M. , Gottlieb Michael
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The Standardized Letter of Evaluation (SLOE) is a vital portion of any medical student’s emergency medicine (EM) residency application. Prior literature suggests gender bias in EM SLOE comparative ranking, but there is limited understanding of the impact of gender on other SLOE components. The study objective was to evaluate the presence of gender differences in the 7 Qualifications for EM (7QEM), Global Assessment (GA), and anticipated Rank List (RL) position. A secondary objective was to evaluate the gender differences in 7QEM scores and their link to GA and anticipated RL position.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study using SLOEs from a subset of United States applicants to three EM residency programs during the 2019–2020 application cycle. We collected self‐reported demographics, 7QEM scores, GA, and anticipated RL position. We utilized linear regression analyses and repeated measures ANOVA to evaluate if the relationship between the 7QEM scores, GA score, and anticipated RL position was different for men and women.

Results

2103 unique applicants were included (38.6% women, 61.4% men), with 4952 SLOEs meeting inclusion criteria. The average QEM (2.51 vs. 2.39; p < 0.001), GA (2.68 vs. 2.48; p < 0.001), and RL (2.68 vs. 2.47; p < 0.001) scores were statistically higher for women than men. When exploring the relationship between the 7QEM and GA, Ability to communicate a caring nature to patients was not found to be a statistically significant predictor for men, but it was for women. When exploring the relationship between 7QEM and RL, Commitment to EM was not a significant predictor for men, but it was for women.

Conclusions

Women scored higher than men on the 7QEM, GA, and anticipated RL position on SLOEs. The 7QEM scores factored differently for men and women.
Poly(m‐phenylene isophalamide) coated meta‐aramid paper with enhanced mechanical and insulation properties
Authors: Gu Siqi , Hu Zuming , Yu Junrong , Wang Yan , Li Na
Published: March 2022

Meta‐aramid paper is widely used in transformers because of its perfect heat resistance and dielectric properties. However, the loose structure and the voids of meta‐aramid paper may lead to lower breakdown strength, which will limit the applications of the insulated paper in harsh environment. Accordingly, it is urgent to enhance the dielectric breakdown strength of meta‐aramid paper. This work reports a simple and effective way to increase the breakdown strength of meta‐aramid paper. The paper was coated with salt‐free poly(m‐phenylene isophalamide) (PMIA) slurry and the solid contents of PMIA slurry were 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. To obtain salt‐free PMIA slurry, the meta‐aramid spun fibers were dissolved in dimethylacetamide. After coating 10% PMIA slurry on meta‐aramid paper, the paper demonstrated the best comprehensive performance. The tensile strengths in the cross and machine direction reached 40.67 and 90.76 MPa, which were increased by 29.93% and 20.16% compared with pristine paper. Meanwhile, the dielectric breakdown strength was up to 42.75 kV/mm (the breakdown strength of pristine paper was only 16.41 kV/mm). Because no crosslinking agent and adhesive were used, the coated meta‐aramid paper still maintained excellent properties.
Graphite nanosheet/polyaniline nanocomposites: Effect of in situ polymerization and dopants on the microstructure, thermal, and electrical conduction properties
Authors: Martin Eliza Sbrogio , Sanches Alex Otávio , Maraschin Thuany Garcia , de Souza Basso Nara Regina , de Paula Fernando Rogério , Malmonge José Antonio
Published: March 2022

This work proposed a study of in situ polymerization of polyaniline (Pani) in the presence of graphite nanosheets (GNS). The study focused on the different physical–chemical interactions promoted among them during the Pani synthesis using different dopants (HCl and DBSA). By means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), and DC electrical conductivity, the study demonstrated the production of nanocomposites with different electrical, thermal, and morphological properties and correlating them with the different physicochemical interactions evidenced from the different dopants used. The type of anchoring has been shown to directly influence the amount of GNS that could be incorporated into the reaction medium. It also demonstrated as highlight the possible existence of a hybrid intercalation/pseudo‐intercalation process that was responsible for promoting an increase of up to 50°C in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites depending on the general characteristics of the synthesized Pani type. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites proved to be dependent on the type of dopant, the GNS/Pani interaction, and the regularity of the Pani coating on the nanostructure surface, resulting in a non‐universal percolation profile.
The quantification of di‐octyl terephthalate and calcium carbonate in polyvinyl chloride using Fourier transform‐infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Irvin Kate S. , Potgieter Johannes H. , Liauw Christopher , Sparkes Robert , Potgieter‐Vermaak Sanja
Published: March 2022

The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry relies heavily on material property testing during the development of a product. Many of these testing procedures are outdated and time‐consuming, resulting in high financial input. Non‐destructive, fast, easy‐to‐use testing methods can significantly reduce the time required to quantify raw materials. We explored alternative analysis techniques, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) and micro‐Raman spectroscopy to quantify the main components within a plasticised PVC (pPVC) compound with dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) plasticizer and calcium carbonate filler. This can reduce costs in the testing and development of new products up to 50%. We prepared 36 samples with varying proportions of DOTP and calcium carbonate and analyzed them using a Raman Microscope and FT‐IR Spectrometer. We found a strong correlation (R2 = 0.923) between DOTP and FT‐IR spectroscopy data, as well as a strong correlation (FT‐IRR2 = 0.910; RamanR2 = 0.813) between the calcium carbonate and data obtained with both spectroscopies. We reported for the first‐time correlations that could be used to determine the raw material levels within pPVC provided by both techniques. Five samples were then made and tested, showing some success in the quantification. This study provided a solid baseline for reducing the time taken to make a recommendation from >168 h to <1 h and therefore reducing the costs of product development by up to 50%.
School and childcare center drinking water: Copper chemistry, health effects, occurrence, and remediation
Authors: Montagnino Elizabeth , Lytle Darren A. , Rose Joan , Cwiertny David , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

The study goal was to better understand the risks of elevated copper levels at US schools and childcare centers. Copper health effects, chemistry, occurrence, and remediation actions were reviewed. Of the more than 98,000 schools and 500,000 childcare centers, only 0.2% had copper water testing data in the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System database. Of the facilities designated public water systems, about 13% had reported an exceedance. Schools that were not designated a public water system (PWS) also had exceedances. Few studies document levels in schools and childcare centers. Widely different sampling and remedial actions were reported. Flushing contaminated water was the most evaluated remedial action but was unreliable because copper quickly rebounded when flushing stopped. Building water treatment systems have been used, but some were not capable of making the water safe. The health risk was difficult to determine due to the limited occurrence data and lack of best management practice studies. A national drinking water testing campaign and field studies are recommended.
The Beatles in life sciences: Facts and fictions
Authors: Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: March 2022

The Beatles formed in Liverpool are one of the most famous music groups in the history of pop considered as the best‐selling artists in the category “band,” with the highest amount of claimed record sales. With their foremost pioneering activities in songwriting, artistic presentation, and recording, the band revolutionized many aspects of music industry and impacted social developments. Although active as a foursome in the 1960s, their music and films still attract new generations all over the world. Similar to former periods, the popularity of the Beatles and the fanaticism toward the band (i.e., “Beatlemania”) has an ongoing impact on society and culture. Mostly unknown, Beatles songs inspire scientists in daily work and are part of clinical studies investigating aspects of human health and disease. This review briefly discusses the influence of The Beatles on Life Sciences, highlights the “better than the Beatles problem” affecting new drug development, and discusses several examples in which The Beatles impacted progression in Medicine. Finally, it is discussed if the meteoric success of the band contributed to the rapid progress in modern radiology.
Conditional survival of trimodal therapy for nonmetastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A SEER database analysis
Authors: Shangguan Wentai , Hu Jintao , Xie Yingwei , Chen Zhiliang , Zhong Qiyu , Zheng Zaosong , Zhu Dingjun , Zhang Yishan , Yang Jingying , Han Jinli , Xie Wenlian
Published: March 2022

Objective

Conventional survival analysis plays a limited role in patients who have survived a period after initial treatment. The present study analyzed how conditional survival (CS) predicted survival rate over time for nonmetastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients after trimodal treatment.

Method

This retrospective study from the SEER database included consecutive patients with nonmetastatic MIBC who received trimodal therapy (TMT) between January 2010 and December 2017. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). CS was defined as the rate of surviving y years after already surviving for x years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.

Result

A total of 1110 nonmetastatic MIBC patients treated with TMT were included. Given a 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year after TMT, the rate of surviving to 5‐year, respectively, improved by +5.0 (20.0%), +17.0 (32.0%), +30.0 (45.0%), and +52.8 (67.8%) from those calculated at baseline (15.0%). The 2‐year CS rate of patients who had survived 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐year after TMT improved, respectively, compared to 3‐, 4‐, or 5‐year actual survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that adverse variables (T stage, age) of OS and CSS lost their prognostic significance over time.

Discussion and Conclusion

Conditional survival rate of surviving to 5‐year after TMT kept a relatively stable level over time. In addition, those adverse variables were not always the prognostic factors over time. Only age was always the significant prognostic factor for conditional OS from baseline to 5‐year survival. Our results provided real‐time survival information and prognosis estimates to adjust follow‐up plans for nonmetastatic MIBC patients after TMT.
Gaze‐evoked nystagmus in Wernicke encephalopathy
Authors: Shirota Shogo , Nishioka Hiroaki
Published: March 2022

Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency. It presents as a triad consisting of altered mental status, oculomotor dysfunction, and gait ataxia. Early vitamin B1 administration alleviates symptoms. We present a video of gaze‐evoked nystagmus in an elderly patient with Wernicke encephalopathy.
Flavonoid 3ʹ‐hydroxylase reduces Ca and Mg content in soybean seeds, resulting in decreased hardness of cooked beans
Authors: Toda Kyoko , Hirata Kaori , Yamada Tetsuya , Takahashi Koji , Ogiso‐Tanaka Eri , Tsubokura Yasutaka , Hajika Makita
Published: March 2022

Flavonoid 3ʹ‐hydroxylase (F3ʹH) catalyzes hydroxylation at the 3ʹ position of the B ring of flavonoids. F3ʹH is associated with the seed coat and pubescence color, antioxidant properties, and chilling stress tolerance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. In this study, we found that soybean F3ʹH increases the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in pods and reduces the levels of these elements in seeds. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis using a near‐isogenic line (NIL) derived from Japanese cultivars ‘Natto‐shoryu’ and ‘Hyoukei‐kuro 3’ for F3ʹH (Glyma.06g202300), also known as the T gene, indicated that the contents of Ca and Mg were higher in the pods but lower in the seed coats and cotyledons from soybean with active F3ʹH than from soybean with inactive F3ʹH. No such clear tendency was observed for other inorganic ions measured in this study. These data suggested that the transport of Ca and Mg from the pod to the seed was inhibited by flavonoid produced through F3ʹH activity. The hardness of cooked beans from soybean with active F3ʹH was lower than that from soybean with inactive F3ʹH, which was likely related to the increase in heat‐labile pectin caused by fewer cross‐linked divalent ions. These results were supported by ICP‐MS analysis and the hardness of cooked beans of other NILs for the T gene. Our findings demonstrate a novel and unexpected effect of flavonoids on the processing quality of soybean.
Cysticercosis: A case of missed diagnosis
Authors: Goyal Snigdha , Goyal Sunder
Published: March 2022

Human cysticercosis caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm—Taenia solium, is a potentially dangerous systemic disease with vague clinical manifestations. Subcutaneous and muscular tissues are most commonly involved followed by, the eye and brain. A variety of clinical presentations, pathology that ranges from simple cysts to calcified lesions, and limited familiarity with the parasitic infection can make it challenging to diagnose. Cysticercosis when present as an isolated lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can play an important role in the early and rapid detection of this disease, particularly when the lesion is superficial and /or easily sampled. We report a case of cysticercosis diagnosed on FNAC in a 35‐year‐old female, who presented with an isolated swelling in the neck.
Little hope for the polyploid endemic Pyrenean Larkspur (Delphinium montanum): Evidences from population genomics and Ecological Niche Modeling
Authors: Salvado Pascaline , Aymerich Boixader Pere , Parera Josep , Vila Bonfill Albert , Martin Maria , Quélennec Céline , Lewin Jean‐Marc , Delorme‐Hinoux Valérie , Bertrand Joris A. M.
Published: March 2022

Species endemic to restricted geographical ranges represent a particular conservation issue, be it for their heritage interest. In a context of global change, this is particularly the case for plants which belong to high‐mountain ecosystems and, because of their ecological requirements, are doomed to survive or disappear on their “sky islands”. The Pyrenean Larkspur (Delphinium montanum, Ranunculaceae) is endemic to the Eastern part of the Pyrenees (France and Spain). It is now only observable at a dozen of localities and some populations show signs of decline, such as a recurrent lack of flowering. Implementing population genomics approach (e.g., RAD‐seq like) is particularly useful to understand genomic patterns of diversity and differentiation in order to provide recommendations in term of conservation. However, it remains challenging for species such as D. montanum that are autotetraploid with a large genome size (1C‐value >10 pg) as most methods currently available were developed for diploid species. A Bayesian framework able to call genotypes with uncertainty allowed us to assess genetic diversity and population structure in this system. Our results show evidence for inbreeding (mean GIS = 0.361) within all the populations and substantial population structure (mean GST = 0.403) at the metapopulation level. In addition to a lack of connectivity between populations, spatial projections of Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) analyses under different climatic scenarios predict a dramatic decrease of suitable habitat for D. montanum in the future. Based on these results, we discuss the relevance and feasibility of different conservation measures.
Errors in aerial survey count data: Identifying pitfalls and solutions
Authors: Davis Kayla L. , Silverman Emily D. , Sussman Allison L. , Wilson R. Randy , Zipkin Elise F.
Published: March 2022

Accurate estimates of animal abundance are essential for guiding effective management, and poor survey data can produce misleading inferences. Aerial surveys are an efficient survey platform, capable of collecting wildlife data across large spatial extents in short timeframes. However, these surveys can yield unreliable data if not carefully executed. Despite a long history of aerial survey use in ecological research, problems common to aerial surveys have not yet been adequately resolved. Through an extensive review of the aerial survey literature over the last 50 years, we evaluated how common problems encountered in the data (including nondetection, counting error, and species misidentification) can manifest, the potential difficulties conferred, and the history of how these challenges have been addressed. Additionally, we used a double‐observer case study focused on waterbird data collected via aerial surveys and an online group (flock) counting quiz to explore the potential extent of each challenge and possible resolutions. We found that nearly three quarters of the aerial survey methodology literature focused on accounting for nondetection errors, while issues of counting error and misidentification were less commonly addressed. Through our case study, we demonstrated how these challenges can prove problematic by detailing the extent and magnitude of potential errors. Using our online quiz, we showed that aerial observers typically undercount group size and that the magnitude of counting errors increases with group size. Our results illustrate how each issue can act to bias inferences, highlighting the importance of considering individual methods for mitigating potential problems separately during survey design and analysis. We synthesized the information gained from our analyses to evaluate strategies for overcoming the challenges of using aerial survey data to estimate wildlife abundance, such as digital data collection methods, pooling species records by family, and ordinal modeling using binned data. Recognizing conditions that can lead to data collection errors and having reasonable solutions for addressing errors can allow researchers to allocate resources effectively to mitigate the most significant challenges for obtaining reliable aerial survey data.
Indications and outcomes for elective dissection of level V in primary parotid cancer
Authors: Katz Andrew P. , Larkin Riley , Cohen Erin R. , Franzmann Elizabeth , Weed Donald , Civantos Francisco
Published: March 2022

Background

The extent of cervical lymphadenectomy required for primary parotid cancer is not well‐established.

Methods

In this retrospective case–control study, 84 patients who underwent primary parotidectomy and neck dissection for primary parotid cancer between 2010 and 2019 were identified and analyzed.

Results

Of the 84 patients, 37 underwent elective level V neck dissection. All six (16.0%) who had occult level V nodes had clinically evident, preoperative anterior cervical metastases, a statistically significant finding. No other clinical factors are correlated with posterior neck involvement. There was no significant difference in disease‐free or overall survival for patients with occult level V disease relative to positive lymph nodes in other levels.

Conclusions

Patients with clinically evident anterolateral cervical lymphatic metastases from parotid cancer preoperatively have high rates of occult level V nodes. Level V neck dissection can be avoided in cN0 patients and offered no survival advantage.
MiR‐363‐3p promotes prostate cancer tumor progression by targeting Dickkopf 3
Authors: Xu Li‐zhe , Ning Jin‐zhuo , Ruan Yuan , Cheng Fan
Published: March 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a frequent malignant tumor worldwide with high morbidity along with mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key posttranscriptional modulators in diverse cancers. Herein, we purposed to explore the impacts of miR‐363‐3p on PCa growth, migration, infiltration along with apoptosis.

Methods

The expressions of miR‐363‐3p along with Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) were assessed in clinical PCa specimens. We adopted the PCa cell line PC3 and transfected it using miR‐363‐3p repressors or mimic. The relationship of miR‐363‐3p with DKK3 was verified by a luciferase enzyme reporter assay. Cell viability along with apoptosis were determined by MTT assay coupled with flow cytometry analysis. Cell migration along infiltration were detected via wound healing, as well as Transwell assays. The contents of DKK3, E‐cadherin, vimentin along with N‐cadherin were analyzed via Western blotting accompanied with qRT–PCR.

Results

MiR‐363‐3p was found to be inversely associated with the content of DKK3 in clinical PCa specimens. Further investigations revealed that DKK3 was miR‐363‐3p's direct target. Besides, overexpression of miR‐363‐3p decreased the contents of DKK3, promoted cell viability, migration coupled with infiltration, and reduced cell apoptosis, while silencing of miR‐363‐3p resulted in opposite influence. Upregulation of miR‐363‐3p diminished E‐cadherin contents but increased vimentin along with N‐cadherin protein contents in PC3 cells; in contrast, miR‐363‐3p downregulation produced the opposite result.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that miR‐363‐3p promotes PCa growth, migration coupled with invasion while dampening apoptosis by targeting DKK3.
Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research
Authors: Orsso Camila E. , Montes‐Ibarra Montserrat , Findlay Merran , van der Meij Barbara S. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , Landi Francesco , Laviano Alessandro , Prado Carla M.
Published: March 2022

Muscle loss alone, or in the context of sarcopenia or cachexia, is a prevalent condition and a predictor of negative outcomes in aging and disease. As adequate nutrition is essential for muscle maintenance, a growing number of studies has been conducted to explore the role of specific nutrients on muscle mass or function. Nonetheless, more research is needed to guide evidence‐based recommendations. This scoping review aimed to compile and document ongoing clinical trials investigating nutrition interventions as a strategy to prevent or treat low muscle mass or function (strength and physical performance), sarcopenia, or cachexia. ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to 21 April 2021 for planned and ongoing trials. Randomized controlled trials with ≥20 participants per arm were included based on intent to explore the effects of nutrition interventions on muscle‐related outcomes (i.e. muscle mass or strength, physical performance, or muscle synthesis rate) in both clinical and non‐clinical conditions (i.e. aging). Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, and a descriptive synthesis of trials characteristics was conducted. A total of 113 trials were included in the review. Most trials (69.0%) enroll adults with clinical conditions, such as cancer (19.5%), obesity and metabolic diseases (16.8%), and musculoskeletal diseases (10.7%). The effects of nutrition interventions on age‐related muscle loss are explored in 31% of trials. Although nutrition interventions of varied types were identified, food supplements alone (48.7%) or combined with dietary advice (11.5%) are most frequently reported. Protein (17.7%), amino acids (10.6%), and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB, 6.2%) are the top three food supplements' nutrients under investigation. Primary outcome of most trials (54.9%) consists of measures of muscle mass alone or in combination with muscle strength and/or performance (as either primary or secondary outcomes). Muscle strength and physical performance are primary outcomes of 38% and 31.9% of the trials, respectively. These measurements were obtained using a variety of techniques. Only a few trials evaluate muscle synthesis rate either as a primary or secondary outcome (5.3%). Several nutrition studies focusing on muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia are underway and can inform future research in this area. Although many trials have similar type of interventions, methodological heterogeneity may challenge study comparisons, and future meta‐analyses aiming to provide evidence‐based recommendations. Upcoming research in this area may benefit from guidelines for the assessment of therapeutic effects of nutrition interventions.
The efficacy of posterior wall isolation in atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Rattanawong Pattara , Techorueangwiwat Chol , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Mekritthikrai Raktham , Prasitlumkum Narut , Shah Parthav , El Masry Hicham
Published: March 2022

Background

Posterior wall isolation (PWI) is an emerging approach in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, yet its efficacy remains controversial. This is the first meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of PWI in AF ablation.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of PWI in reducing atrial arrhythmia recurrence following initial AF ablation at long‐term follow‐ups when compared to conventional methods.

Methods

We conducted a literature search from inception through September 2021 in EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. We included RCTs that compared outcomes in PWI and conventional approaches of AF ablation. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Eight RCT from 2009 to 2020, including 1024 AF patients, were included. PWI did not decrease overall atrial arrhythmias recurrence (RR 0.96, 95% CI:0.88–1.05, I2 = 31.6%, p‐value 0.393). However, the pooled analysis showed a significant decrease in AF recurrence in PWI compared to controlled approaches (RR 0.88, 95% CI:0.81–0.96, I2 = 48.2%, p‐value .004). In the subgroup analysis, PWI significantly decreased AF recurrence in the studies that included only persistent AF (RR = 0.89, 95% CI:0.80–0.98, I2 = 65.2%, p‐value .014). PWI significantly decreased AF recurrence when compared to PVI with roof line (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95, I2 0.00%, p‐value .008).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that adding PWI significantly decreased AF recurrence in patients with persistent AF compared to controlled approaches. It highlights the importance of considering PWI during the initial procedure in this patient population.
Evaluation of statistical downscaling methods for climate change projections over Spain: Present conditions with imperfect predictors (global climate model experiment)
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , García‐Valero Juan Andrés , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez‐Camino Ernesto
Published: March 2022

Statistical downscaling of climate projections is an active field of research and numerous intercomparison exercises of different techniques exist. Most evaluation studies make use of perfect predictors from a reanalysis, but neglect the analysis of how imperfect predictors from global climate models (GCMs) affect statistical downscaling. In this paper we evaluate and intercompare five statistical downscaling methods: (a) Analog, (b) Regression, (c) Artificial Neural Networks, (d) Support Vector Machines and (e) Kernel Ridge Regression, over a large ensemble of 18 GCMs participants in the CMIP5 project. These methods have been used to downscale maximum/minimum daily temperatures and daily accumulated precipitation on a high‐resolution observational grid (0.05°) over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands. Our analysis focuses on the marginal aspects (mean values and tails) of the distributions by season. Results when driven by reanalysis and by GCMs have been compared in order to analyse the sensitivity of statistical downscaling methods to the use of imperfect predictors. Both for temperature and for precipitation all methods achieve, as expected, better results when applied over reanalysis, although no method displays a clearly higher sensitivity to the use of imperfect predictors from GCMs. We have found the existence of outlier GCMs, showing significantly higher errors than the rest of the ensemble. And we have quantified errors over GCMs, so this experiment provides a more precise idea of the reliability and accuracy of the overall performance (i.e., simulations by GCMs plus statistical downscaling) than the perfect predictor experiment and reveals an important source of uncertainty coming from GCMs even in a historical period.
Moisture transport and water vapour budget over the Sahara Desert
Authors: Zhuo Li , Zhou Liming
Published: March 2022

Previous studies documented that near‐surface temperatures over the Sahara and Arabian deserts have been amplified in a warming climate, which is termed desert amplification (DA). DA has been linked possibly to the large‐scale greenhouse effects associated with increasing water vapour. With very limited moisture availability over the driest desert, two key questions unanswered are the desert moisture sources and the relative contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic processes to the changes in moisture transport. In this study, the atmospheric water vapour budget over the Sahara Desert from 1981–2020 is analysed to address these two questions. Results indicate that the water vapour content over the Sahara Desert has increased significantly since 1981, primarily during the boreal summer and in the lower to middle troposphere. The water vapour budget analysis indicates that in the boreal summer, most of the added moisture is transported into the Sahara Desert through the intensifying northerly inflow across the northern boundary of the desert, while the other boundaries are all export channels. The northerly inward moisture transport is associated with the ridge in the lower troposphere and the Saharan high above the lower troposphere. Further analysis indicates that both dynamic and thermodynamic factors contribute to the increase of the inward moisture flux at the northern boundary, while the associated interannual variability is dominated by the dynamic component related to the circulation pattern changes. The changes of the circulation pattern in the lower troposphere are manifested as the westward extension of the low over the Arabian Peninsula and as the strengthening of the Saharan high above the lower troposphere, both contributing to the increase of the northerly inward moisture transport.
Relationship between infected tooth extraction and improvement of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Yoshida Hisato , Sakashita Masafumi , Adachi Naoto , Matsuda Shinpei , Fujieda Shigeharu , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: March 2022

Objective

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a well‐recognized disease in otolaryngology and oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is diagnosed comprehensively based on the presence of dental disease and radiographic evaluation. Although the disease involves a combination of dental and otorhinolaryngological features, appropriate criteria have not been well established for prioritizing dental procedures in the initial treatment of OMS. We investigated whether computed tomography (CT) score, including the Lund–Mackay score, can help prioritize tooth extraction as the initial treatment for OMS.

Methods

We also investigated the radiographic features of 32 patients with OMS treated by tooth extraction alone. Both pre‐and post‐extraction CT images of OMS cases were evaluated.

Results

Lund–Mackay scores before tooth extraction were significantly lower in postoperatively healed patients than in non‐healed patients. Furthermore, CT scores of the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses and frontal sinuses, obtained before tooth extraction, were significantly lower in postoperatively healed patients than in non‐healed patients.

Conclusions

Collectively, low Lund–Mackay and CT scores of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses are significantly associated with healing of OMS treated by tooth extraction alone. The sinus CT score can help identify a treatment strategy for OMS.
Kalman reduced form and pole placement by state feedback for multi‐input linear systems over Hermite rings
Authors: Carriegos Miguel V. , Trobajo M. Teresa
Published: March 2022

A Kalman reduced form is obtained for linear systems over Hermite rings. This reduced form gives information of the set of assignable polynomials to a given linear system.
In vitro characterization of injectable chlorhexidine‐eluting gelatin hydrogels for local treatment of periodontal infections
Authors: Zussman Merav , Giladi Shir , Zilberman Meital
Published: March 2022

Infection of the periodontal pocket presents two major challenges for drug delivery: administration into the periodontal pocket and a high fluid clearance rate in the pocket. The current study aimed to develop and study a novel gelatin‐based hydrogel system crosslinked using a carbodiimide, for delivery of chlorhexidine (CHX) directly into the periodontal pocket via injection followed by in situ gelation. The study focused on the effects of the CHX concentration on its release profile and on the hydrogel's physical, mechanical, and biological properties. CHX is a common antiseptic agent and is considered as “gold standard” in dental practice. Its release profile demonstrated 39% burst release during the initial 2 h, followed by a release rate, which decreases with time for 6 days. A mathematical model based on the two‐stage desorption theory was perfectly fitted to the experimental release profiles (R2 > 0.99). Fibroblast viability results of at least 70% were achieved after 24 and 48 h, indicating that the system is biocompatible. The non‐loaded and CHX‐loaded hydrogels were found suitable for injectability and exhibited desired gelation times of 7.5–10.6 s, that is, compatible for filling a periodontal pocket. They exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as burst strength (sealing ability) of 233–357 mmHg, tensile modulus of 47–69 kPa, compressive modulus of 58–104 kPa, and tensile strain of 42–113%. In conclusion, the studied CHX eluting hydrogels are of high potential to be used in minor pockets as well as deep pockets and are expected to be suitable for successfully treating a wide range of periodontal infections.
Buprenorphine initiation strategies for opioid use disorder and pain management: A systematic review
Authors: Spreen Lauren A. , Dittmar Emma N. , Quirk Kyle C. , Smith Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Buprenorphine possesses many unique attributes that make it a practical agent for adults and adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) and/or acute or chronic pain. Sublingual buprenorphine has been the standard of care for treating OUD, but its use in pain management is not as clearly defined. Current practice guidelines recommend a period of mild‐to‐moderate withdrawal from opioids before transitioning to buprenorphine due to its ability to displace full agonists from the μ‐opioid receptor. However, this strategy can lead to negative physical and psychological outcomes for patients. Novel initiation strategies suggest that concomitant administration of small doses of buprenorphine with opioids can avoid the unwanted withdrawal associated with buprenorphine initiation. We aim to systematically review the buprenorphine initiation strategies that have emerged in the last decade. Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Databases were searched for relevant literature. Studies were included if they were published in the English language and described the transition to buprenorphine from opioids. Data were collected from each study and synthesized using descriptive statistics. This review included 7 observational studies, 1 feasibility study, and 39 case reports/series which included 924 patients. The strategies utilized between the literature included traditional initiation (47.9%), microdosing with various buprenorphine formulations (16%), and miscellaneous methods (36.1%). Traditional initiation and microdosing initiation were compared in the data synthesis and analysis; miscellaneous methods were omitted given the high variability between methods. Overall, 95.6% of patients in the traditional initiation group and 96% of patients in the microdosing group successfully rotated to sublingual buprenorphine. Initiation regimens can vary widely depending on patient‐specific factors and buprenorphine formulation. A variety of buprenorphine transition strategies are published in the literature, many of which were effective for patients with OUD, pain, or both.
The impact of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation on human and animal nutrition, growth, and milk production: A systematic review
Authors: Brar Sumeer , Haugh Carolyn , Robertson Nicole , Owuor Patrick Mbullo , Waterman Carrie , Fuchs George J. , Attia Suzanna Labib
Published: March 2022

Childhood undernutrition contributes to up to 45% of deaths in children under age 5. Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaves are nutrient dense and promote breastmilk production. We performed a systematic review assessing the impact of moringa leaf supplementation in humans and animals on the outcomes of iron, vitamin A status, the measures of growth, and/or breastmilk production. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows; inclusion: quantitative primary data assessing the effect of moringa leaf supplementation on humans or animals including any of the outcomes defined earlier with no exclusion for geography, age, or language. Exclusion: full text not available. Our search yielded 148 unique studies; among them, 33 were included (seven human studies and 26 animal studies). Quality assessment by Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines was strong for one study and moderate for all other studies. In humans, moringa at higher (14–30 g/day) not lower (<10 g/day) doses improved hemoglobin (Hgb) in children with iron deficiency anemia, improved Hgb and vitamin A status in postmenopausal women, and increased BMI in HIV+ underweight adults. Moringa (0.5 g/day) also increased breastmilk volumes. In animals, moringa increased milk production in two of three studies, inconsistently affected growth, and had no effect on iron status. Evidence on moringa supplementation's utility is limited but promising. Larger, more rigorous trials are needed to characterize its impact.
Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of flavonoids inpost‐COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Bardelčíková Annamária , Miroššay Andrej , Šoltýs Jindřich , Mojžiš Ján
Published: March 2022

The high incidence of post‐covid symptoms in humans confirms the need for effective treatment. Due to long‐term complications across several disciplines, special treatment programs emerge for affected patients, emphasizing multidisciplinary care. For these reasons, we decided to look at current knowledge about possible long‐term complications of COVID‐19 disease and then present the effect of flavonoids, which could help alleviate or eliminate complications in humans after overcoming the COVID‐19 infection. Based on articles published from 2003 to 2021, we summarize the flavonoids‐based molecular mechanisms associated with thepost‐COVID‐19 syndrome and simultaneously provide a complex view regarding their prophylactic and therapeutic potential. Review clearly sorts out the outcome ofpost‐COVID‐19 syndrome according particular body systems. The conclusion is that flavonoids play an important role in prevention of many diseases. We suggest that flavonoids as critical nutritional supplements, are suitable for the alleviation and shortening of the period associated with thepost‐COVID‐19 syndrome. The most promising flavonoid with noteworthy therapeutic and prophylactic effect appears to be quercetin.
Correlation decay and the absence of zeros property of partition functions
Authors: Gamarnik David
Published: March 2022

Absence of (complex) zeros property is at the heart of the interpolation method developed by Barvinok for designing deterministic approximation algorithms for various graph counting and related problems. An earlier method used for the same problem is one based on the correlation decay property. Remarkably, the classes of graphs for which the two methods apply often coincide or nearly coincide. In this article we show that this is not a coincidence. We establish that if the interpolation method is valid for a family of graphs, then this family exhibits a form of the correlation decay property which is asymptotic strong spatial mixing at superlogarithmic distances. Our proof is based on a certain graph polynomial representation of the associated partition function. This representation is at the heart of the design of the polynomial time algorithms underlying the interpolation method itself. We conjecture that our result holds for all, and not just amenable graphs. Indeed this conjecture was recently confirmed by Regts. See the body of the article for details.