bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pycheron: A Python-Based Seismic Waveform Data Quality Control Software Package
Authors: Aur Katherine Anderson , Bobeck Jessica , Alberti Anthony , Kay Phillip
Published: June 2021

Supplementing an existing high-quality seismic monitoring network with openly available station data could improve coverage and decrease magnitudes of completeness; however, this can present challenges when varying levels of data quality exist. Without discerning the quality of openly available data, using it poses significant data management, analysis, and interpretation issues. Incorporating additional stations without properly identifying and mitigating data quality problems can degrade overall monitoring capability. If openly available stations are to be used routinely, a robust, automated data quality assessment for a wide range of quality control (QC) issues is essential.

To meet this need, we developed Pycheron, a Python-based library for QC of seismic waveform data. Pycheron was initially based on the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology’s Modular Utility for STAtistical kNowledge Gathering but has been expanded to include more functionality. Pycheron can be implemented at the beginning of a data processing pipeline or can process stand-alone data sets. Its objectives are to (1) identify specific QC issues; (2) automatically assess data quality and instrumentation health; (3) serve as a basic service that all data processing builds on by alerting downstream processing algorithms to any quality degradation; and (4) improve our ability to process orders of magnitudes more data through performance optimizations. This article provides an overview of Pycheron, its features, basic workflow, and an example application using a synthetic QC data set.
La route comme mémoire et comme technologie : Essai sur la dimension philosophique des routes culturelles.
Authors: Malloum Abakar
Published: June 2021

Qu’est-ce qu’une route? Pourquoi est-elle omniprésente? Poursuivant cette enquête sur la problématique philosophico-définitionnelle du concept de la route, ce texte propose dans un premier temps une réflexion à partir du corpus heideggérien pour développer une pensée de la route culturelle comme technè en tant que médium de communication, donc un artéfact culturel. Or, en tant qu’artéfact, la route se présente aussi comme ce dont à travers lequel tous les autres objets culturels, y compris le langage lui-même, s’avancent dans l’apparaitre. Elle est le mode qu’empruntent tous les artéfacts culturels pour rejoindre le monde. Le texte conclura sur une conception de la route qui l’identifie à ce que Bernard Stiegler (1998) appelle (après Gilles Simondon) « préindividuelle » comme fondement d’une anthropologie philosophique où la route culturelle apparait comme source et du politique et de la culture.
Evaluación de los efectos e impactos de la tormenta tropical Eta y el huracán Iota en Honduras
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,   Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe
Published: June 2021

La temporada de huracanes de 2020 fue la más activa de la historia de la región, registró un total de 30 tormentas, lo cual fue más del doble del promedio anual. De las 30 tormentas, 13 fueron huracanes y 6 huracanes de mayor grado. El huracán Eta se formó el sábado 31 de octubre. El 2 de noviembre se declaró Estado de Emergencia en los departamentos de Islas de la Bahía, Cortés, Atlántida, Yoro, Colón, Olancho, Gracias a Dios, Comayagua, Francisco Morazán, el Paraíso. El 6 de noviembre se modificó este decreto y se procedió a declarar Estado de Emergencia en todo el territorio nacional, debido a los efectos de las lluvias provocadas por la Tormenta Tropical Eta. El Estado de Emergencia estaría vigente hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020, pudiendo prorrogarse si los efectos que dieron origen a la emergencia persistiesen. El huracán Eta se disipó el 13 de noviembre, caracterizado por un comportamiento errático, presentando numerosas variaciones en su intensidad, se estimó que dejó un total de 380 a 635 mm en casi todo el territorio hondureño. Por su parte, el huracán Iota se formó el viernes 13 de noviembre. El 18 de noviembre se modificó el Decreto Ejecutivo Número PCM-109-202 y algunos artículos del decreto PCM-113-2020, para ampliar las acciones descritas allí a “otros fenómenos climáticos Iota que ocasionaran daño a la infraestructura productiva del país a nivel nacional”. Este huracán se disipó el 18 de noviembre sobre El Salvador. Este evento, durante su formación, fue catalogado bajo las categorías 4 y 5 de huracán, pero se debilitó rápidamente al tocar tierra firme. A pesar de ello, se estimó que dejaría una precipitación total de 500 a 750 mm en la parte norte del país. Los departamentos más afectados por ambos huracanes fueron Atlántida, Cortés, Santa Bárbara y Yoro. Se estima que los efectos totales causados por la tormenta tropical Eta y el huracán Iota fueron de aproximadamente L. 52 099 millones (cuadro 1). Los daños representaron el 44% de la afectación, las pérdidas 52% y los costos adicionales 4%. Nótese que el sector privado sufrió 69% de la afectación de acervo y 97% de los flujos de producción perdidos. Los costos adicionales es la única dimensión de los efectos en la que el sector público superó al privado. Los efectos totales que tuvo el desastre en el sector público fueron de aproximadamente L. 9 049 millones.
Kaiako and stakeholders’ perceptions about Māori partial-immersion environments' contribution to Māori-medium education
Authors: Jones Kay-Lee , Fickel Letitia , King Jeanette , Torepe Toni , Fletcher Jo , Macfarlane Sonja
Published: June 2021

The contributions partial-immersion Māori programmes offer to the wider educational landscape of Aotearoa is essential to Māori achieving as Māori. In this article, partial-immersion settings are defined as Level 2 immersion (51%–80% te reo Māori instruction) and Level 3 immersion (31%–50% te reo Māori instruction). While lower levels of immersion can be less effective for language acquisition than full-immersion Māori environments (May et al., 2004), this study finds that partial-immersion programmes are perceived to produce beneficial outcomes in terms of ahurea tuakiri and culturally empowering practice.
Who loves maths? Exploring ways to foster primary-aged learners’ positive emotions during maths Dawn Pollard and Sally Birdsall
Authors: Pollard Dawn , Birdsall Sally
Published: June 2021

Learning in maths is complex because it is a process that involves cognition and the affective domain. Indeed, learners experience many emotions during maths, both positive and negative, which influences their learning. In addition, the learner can believe that one’s capacity to do maths is static and cannot be changed. All these aspects are linked to mathematical learning outcomes. This small-scale inquiry investigated 11 Year 3 and Year 4 girls’ beliefs and attitudes towards maths and their maths learning. Findings showed that these girls held a range of beliefs and attitudes, and experienced a range of emotions during maths learning. Their responses also showed a range of beliefs about the malleability of their mathematical capacity. Strategies for engendering more positive emotions about maths are identified.
Assessment of Functional and Radiological Outcome in Patients of Proximal Humerus Fractures Managed by Proximal Humerus Locking Compression Plate - A Longitudinal Observational Study from Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Saraf Amit , Maurya Ashish , Pant Ajay
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The proximal humerus fractures are mostly undisplaced fractures. Various complications which were encountered with the closed treatment included: subacromial impingement, malunion, shoulder pain, avascular necrosis, stiffness secondary to osteoarthritis and the rotator cuff deficiency. In order to overcome these complications, trend has shifted towards surgical management. The present study was conducted to assess the functional and radiological outcome in patients with proximal humerus fracture managed by proximal humerus locking compression plate. METHODS This was a longitudinal observational study (combination of retrospective and prospective design) conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad. All patients with proximal humerus fractures under Neer’s classification who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were included. The radiological assessment was done by union, complication or any failure on x-ray and functional outcome was assessed by University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score. Surgery was performed under general/brachial anaesthesia in beach chair position. Delto-pectoral approach was used. Injectable antibiotics (3 rd generation cephalosporin) and analgesic (paracetamol/tramadol) were given for 3 days after surgery. Post op. X- ray of shoulder with arm antero-posterior and lateral view were taken on 2nd day of surgery RESULTS A total of 34 patients were included in the study who were followed up for a minimum of one year. At the end of the follow up, 25 patients showed union except for 3 non-union, 1 delayed union, 2 valgus and 2 varus deformity, 2 avascular necrosis (AVN) and 2 infections. The functional outcomes were excellent in 5 patients, good in 14 patients, fair in 9 patients and poor in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS Proximal humerus locking compression plate is a safe and effective procedure for the management of proximal humerus fracture for young as well as older age group individuals with good functional outcome. The complications are acceptable and can occur in any hospital with any experienced surgeon. KEYWORDS Proximal Humerus, Fracture, Compression Plate
Comparison of Cross Sectional Area of Posterior Tibial Nerve in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients with That of Healthy Controls Using High Resolution Ultrasonography - A Cross Sectional Comparative Descriptive Study from Bangalore
Authors: H.M. Chandrashekar , S Mohan , M.R Srinivas
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) suffer from numbness, burning feet, lightning pain, and pins-and-needles sensations. Recently, High resolution ultrasonography is commonly used for evaluation of peripheral nerve diseases because of its easy availability, time saving and non-invasiveness of the procedure. This study intended to compare the cross sectional area (CSA) of posterior tibial nerve (PTN) in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy with that of non-diabetic healthy adults using high resolution ultrasonography (HRU) and study the role of increase in HbA1c level and severity of DPN comparing with CSA of PTN. METHODS A cross sectional comparative descriptive study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2020 with 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy adults. 50 type 2 diabetic patients, clinically diagnosed with DPN were analysed and using the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) System, the severity of neuropathy was determined. HbA1c level and other demographic data were collected. 50 healthy adults were taken as controls. The CSA of posterior tibial nerve was measured 3 cm proximal to the medial malleolus in both lower limbs using HRU. RESULTS The mean CSA of posterior tibial nerve in healthy subjects was 6.0 + / - 0.142 mm2 , and in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy was 11.77 + / - 0.291 mm2 . Upon comparing the mean CSA of posterior tibial nerve of diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy and control subjects were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in unpaired ‘t’ test. In our study, CSA of the posterior tibial nerve correlated significantly with TCNS and HbA1c levels, at P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that there is a significant difference between the cross sectional areas of posterior tibial nerve in diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy and healthy adult subjects. HRU can detect cross sectional area changes in the posterior tibial nerve early. Thus, ultrasonography can be used as a good screening tool in these patients. KEYWORDS Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Posterior Tibial Nerve, High Resolution Ultrasonography
Proportion of Pancreatic Necrosis among Patients with Acute Pancreatitis and Association between High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL Cholesterol) and Pancreatic Necrosis – A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, South India
Authors: Siby Jayas , S Preetha , R.S Sindhu
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a very common disease and severe acute pancreatitis is life threatening and needs early identification. Current severity predicting indices in acute pancreatitis are cumbersome. There have been previous reports of low HDL cholesterol in life threatening acute pancreatitis. Previous studies in this regard were done in a single ethnicity population and needed to be validated in other ethnic groups. We wanted to estimate the proportion of pancreatic necrosis among the patients with acute pancreatitis attending Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. We also wanted to compare the mean HDL values in those who developed pancreatic necrosis and those who didn’t develop pancreatic necrosis and evaluate the association between HDL value measured 48 – 72 hours of onset of symptoms and pancreatic necrosis. METHODS This was a prospective observational study conducted among 271 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. Consecutive sampling method was used. RESULTS There were 42 cases of pancreatic necrosis out of 271 cases. The mean HDL of those patients with pancreatic necrosis was found to be less than those without necrosis (P < 0.001). Mean HDL value among those having pancreatic necrosis was 17.7 whereas those without necrosis was 34.9. CONCLUSIONS Proportion of pancreatic necrosis was 15.5 %. The mean HDL measured at 48 hours of symptom onset among the necrotising pancreatitis patients was significantly low when compared to the non-necrotic group (17.7 vs 34.9). All the patients with pancreatic necrosis had their HDL less than 40. Thus, an inference that low HDL at 48 hours of symptom onset was associated with higher incidence of pancreatic necrosis and severe pancreatitis could be made. KEYWORDS Pancreatitis, HDL, Pancreatic Necrosis
A Retrospective, Facility Based, Analytical Study of Burn Injury, and Correlation of Various Factors with Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kashmir
Authors: Thakur Shiwani , Ahmad Irshad , Wani Yaser Hussain , Awan Naseer , Banoo Zuneera , Sharma Neha , Wani Safoora , Iqbal Adan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The skin is the largest organ of our body with a complex function. Burn injuries result in damage to the skin by electrical, chemical, thermal or radiation energies or a combination of them, by far the most common being the thermal injuries. However, most burn injuries are preventable and hence need preventive strategies. Outcome is dependent on various factors. The focus of this study is to provide an overview of various factors and clinical presentation of burn injury and their correlation of these various factors with outcome of burn injury. METHODS A retrospective facility-based document review analytical study was conducted on 215 patients admitted in the emergency (burn ward) department of Government Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir from September 2019 to September 2020. RESULTS In our study, out of total 215 hospitalized burn patients, 101 (47 %) were female and 114 (53 %) were males. In 103 (47.9 %) patients, burn injury was caused by scald burn, kangri burn was present in 3 (1.4 %) patients; 207 (96.3 %) patients had accidental burns and 8 (3.7 %) patients had suicidal burn injuries; 181 (84.2 %) had received good pre-hospital intervention; 165 (76.7 %) patients were discharged without complications. Various parameters – degree of burn, cause of burn, nature of burn, nutritional status and antibiotic coverage show statistical significance with P-value < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Kashmir is a valley surrounded by mountains, has cold weather for about threequarters of year. People here are more prone to burn injuries especially thermal injuries. Outcome of burn injuries is better for lesser degree of burns and mortality increases with severe degree of burns. Patients without complications, patients with good nutritional status at presentation and patients with proper antibiotic coverage had good outcome. KEYWORDS Burn Injury, Kangri, Outcome of Burn
Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Vaccinated Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Descriptive Study from South Kerala
Authors: M.C Sathya Bhama , Kutty Saritha Narayanan , Rajahamsan Jyothi
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has long been recognized as a work-related hazard for health-care personnel (HCP). HCPs are all paid and unpaid persons giving health care or working or training in health-care settings, who have reasonably expected risks for exposure to infectious materials. Post-vaccination serological testing is suggested 4 to 8 weeks after completion of the primary course in all health care workers. If the anti - HBs levels are less than 10 mIU / ml 4 - 8 weeks after the third dose of vaccine, the person's serum has to be tested for markers of HBV. The objective of the study was to evaluate the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination in health care workers. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted for a period of one year (January 2016 – December 2016). In this study, blood samples of 211 HCP were collected and sera were tested for quantitative anti - HBs level using anti - HBs EIA kit (Diapro, Italy). RESULTS 75. 83 % of HCP were completely vaccinated and 24.17 % did not complete the three-dose regimen. 91.87 % of completely vaccinated HCP had an anti- HBs titre of more than 10mIU/ml while 80.39 % of incompletely vaccinated HCP had protective antibody levels. 71.42 % of males and 90.35 % of females had protective antibody titre. The housekeeping staff were the most protected (100 %) while doctors were the least protected (54.54 %). Among the different vaccine, compliant subgroups 85.96 % of HCP who were completely vaccinated and had not taken booster dose had protective antibody titre even after five years where as 90.47 % of HCP who were completely vaccinated and had taken a booster dose and had protective antibody titre even after 5 years. It was also noted that 95.23 % of HCP who were vaccinated before the age of 20 had a protective antibody titre while only 70.58 % of those who got vaccinated after the age of forty had a protective antibody titre. CONCLUSIONS The records, if possible retrievable electronic records, should be maintained in health care centers as a reference in case of occupational exposure or for other purposes. KEYWORDS Hepatitis B, Anti HBs, Health Care Personnel
Prevalence of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Associated Comorbidities among School Going Children in Western Odisha - A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Behera Sharmistha , Dora Jayashree , Sahu Durga , Naik Madhumita
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common eye condition that is frequent in childhood. The prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 6 to 14 years varies significantly from 0.3 % to 20.5 %, and is gradually increasing.1 It is associated with several allergic diseases affecting the ocular surface and it is the most common ocular condition encountered in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, ocular manifestations of allergic conjunctivitis, and associated comorbidities among school-going children in Western Odisha. METHODS A total of 1502 children from 10 schools of Burla, participated in this crosssectional observational study. Data collection started in September 2018 up to September 2019. All the children underwent meticulous history taking for symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and any other associated comorbidities, a structured validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic and medical data. Visual assessment, and slit-lamp examination were done to look for signs of allergic conjunctivitis and any associated complications. Interpretation and data analysis was done using Epi Info Software and a chi-square test was used to analyse significant associations among categorical variables. RESULTS The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis was found to be 29.16 % with a males to female ratio of 1.02: 1. Children aged 13 – 16 years recorded the highest number of cases which was 43.60 %. The commonest presenting symptom was itching (100 %), Papillae were the most frequent sign (97.71 %), Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) was the most common type of AC reported (59.36 %), and allergic rhinitis (17.8 %) was the most common associated comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Allergic conjunctivitis is high among children aged 5 - 16 yrs. There is a lack of treatment seeking behaviour inspite of such high frequency. Early identification & treatment of patients would help curb complications, improve the child’s quality of life and thus the ophthalmic health of the community. KEYWORDS Allergic Conjunctivitis, Ocular Comorbidities, SAC
Pregnancy Outcome in Women with One Previous Caesarean Delivery - A Prospective Longitudinal Study in a Peripheral Medical College of West Bengal
Authors: Chandra Saheli , Dasgupta Anjan , Saha Pradip Kumar , Dash Kamal Kumar , Pal Abirbhab , Ghosh Partha
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Pregnancy with one prior Caesarean section (CS) constitutes a high-risk group with associated medical and legal implications. The dictum ‘once a Caesarean always a Caesarean’ has now judiciously been replaced with ‘once a Caesarean, trial of labour after selection’ because low transverse uterine incision has much lesser chance of scar rupture. Though vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC) or trial of scar (TOS) brings a significant change in modern obstetric practice in terms of lower maternal and perinatal morbidities, apprehension of accidental scar rupture during trial of labour with its undesirable consequences still prevents a good number of obstetricians adopting this process. The purpose of the study was to determine the outcome of pregnancy in relation to mode of delivery, i.e., either elective repeat Caesarean section (ERCS) or vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC) with maternal and perinatal complications in each mode. METHODS A hospital based prospective, longitudinal, and observational study of 300 pregnant women with previous one Caesarean delivery attended labour emergency or out-patient department (OPD) at Midnapore Medical College of West Bengal, was carried out, approved by the institutional ethical committee. Gestational age < 37 weeks and > 42 weeks and h\o previous uterine surgery like myomectomy, hysterotomy, classical CS were excluded from the study. Data collected was analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the continuous and categorical data and expressed in the form of mean and percentage whereas proportions were analysed using chi-square test. A P - value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 300 pregnancies, 140 subjects were given trial of labour (TOL). Of which 89 subjects (63.6 %) had successful VBAC and 51 subjects (36.4 %) had repeat Caesarean sections. Among 211 subjects of repeat Caesarean section, 53 subjects (25.12 %) had indicated for scar tenderness and 73 subjects (34.59 %) had elective repeat Caesarean section (ERCS) due to protracted or arrested cervical dilatation. Those having previous vaginal delivery (VD), had more incidences of VBAC in present pregnancy than those who had no previous VD (P ≤ 0.005); Maternal morbidity (33.65 % ERCS versus 10.11 % VD group, P ≤ 0.05) and neonatal morbidity (12.3 % ERCS versus 2.46% VD group, P ≤ 0.05) was significantly higher in ERCS group. CONCLUSIONS Trial of labour (TOL) should be given in well-equipped hospital. In carefully selected cases, it is a safe procedure and often rewarding, thus incidence of repeat CS can be reduced. Those who had a history of vaginal delivery, VBAC often successful. KEYWORDS VBAC, Trial of Scar, Elective Repeat Caesarean Section, Trial of Labour
Psychological Impact during the Late Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic among the Hospitalised Patients and General Public in Andhra Pradesh - A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Abdul Salaa Abdul Salaam , Godasi Ganga Raju , Donthu Raj Kiran , Pasam Ravi Shankar , Acharya Anand , Tamanampudi Pratap Surya Sankar Reddy
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a novel coronavirus, which became a pandemic within few days. Being a novel virus, the disease pathophysiology and psychological impact are not completely known. Studies conducted till now concentrated on the initial phases of the pandemic. Our study tries to understand the psychological impact during the late phase of the pandemic. METHODS This is a cross sectional study involving Covid-19 hospitalised patients and the general public. Sociodemographic details were collected, and subjects were administered for depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS). A total of 301 participants were included. Data was analysed using R language. The scores from both the groups were compared to obtain the results. RESULTS Among the Covid-19 patients, almost 90 % have reported normal levels in depression and stress and 67 % in anxiety with mean values of 2.71, 5.91 and 4.74 respectively. Among the general public, more than 80 % have reported normal levels in depression, anxiety, and stress with mean scores of 5.58, 3.62 and 7.32 respectively. On comparing the raw scores of the two groups, significant differences in depression (P = 0 .000) anxiety (P = 0 .004) and stress (P = 0 .004) were noted. CONCLUSIONS Psychological impact during late phase of Covid-19 pandemic appears to be mild among both hospitalised patients and general public. Future studies should focus on long term follow up and should also include severe affected cases. KEYWORDS Covid-19, Mental Disorders, Pandemic
Clinicopathological Study of the Biliary and Duodenal Complications in Patients of Chronic Pancreatitis - A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern India
Authors: Ali Shahnawaz , Haldar Purba , Ray Amit , Roy Santanu , Bose Gaurab , Chakraborty Arjun
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, causing complications related to the duodenum like duodenal obstruction or complications related to the biliary system like cholestasis, cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. The purpose of the study was to observe the occurrence, clinical manifestations and outcome of the complications and foster a deeper understanding of the long-term prognosis of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. METHODS This was a prospective observational study. After taking informed consent, total 50 patients admitted in hospital with features suggestive of chronic pancreatitis with or without duodenal or biliary complications were selected and were followed up throughout the course of the disease. All demographic parameters, diabetic status, liver function test, USG findings suggestive of duodenal obstruction or biliary abnormalities, upper GI endoscopy, computed tomography of whole abdomen, MR cholangio pancreatography and barium meal were studied. RESULTS Chronic pancreatitis is more common in male and the common age of presentation is between 45 and 54 years. 12 patients were diabetics. 42 % of the total 50 patients developed transient hyperbilirubinaemia. 5 male patients and 1 female patient had persistent hyperbilirubinaemia and had persistently raised values of alkaline phosphatase. 1 male and 2 female patients also suffered from hypoproteinaemia. About 42 % of the patients of chronic pancreatitis suffered from transient rise in conjugated bilirubin and were managed conservatively. 12 % of the patients suffered from persistently raised conjugated bilirubin, indicating biliary obstruction. 22 % of patients developed cholangitis responding to conservative management. 12 % of cases, 5 males and 1 female suffered from biliary stricture, and were managed surgically with hepaticojejunostomy. No cases of cholangiocarcinoma were detected. CONCLUSIONS The most common complication in patients of chronic pancreatitis is transient biliary stasis, others being cholangitis and persistent hyperbilirubinaemia. No cases of cholangiocarcinoma were detected. KEYWORDS Billiary, Duodenal, Complications, Stricture, Cholestasis, Cholangitis, Chronic, Pancreatitis
Analysis of Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy Findings in Patients of Dyspepsia - A Retrospective Study in Coastal Region of Karnataka
Authors: Hanumaiah Anand , Sridhar Savita K.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Dyspepsia is a term used to describe a number of symptoms thought to originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract. It may be caused by a variety of conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux, or even malignancy. Sometimes, dyspepsia is deemed to be functional. Endoscopy helps in differentiating these upper gastro-intestinal (GI) conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the gastrointestinal findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia in our centre and compare them with those of other studies. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone upper GI endoscopy for symptoms of dyspepsia from endoscopy data base at Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, from January 2018 to March 2020. RESULTS Out of the total 100 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in our institution, 60 were males and 40 were females; youngest was aged 18 years and the oldest was 80 years old. 87 patients had abnormal findings and among these, 29 patients had finding in oesophagus, 54 in the stomach and 04 in the duodenum. A total of 13 patients were reported to be normal. CONCLUSIONS Dyspepsia is much common in males than females. Gastritis is the most common finding on endoscopy followed by oesophagitis and duodenitis other than reflux disorders. Along with proper history and physical examination, endoscopy helps in identifying serious pathologies like malignancy at earlier stage thus reducing morbidity and mortality. Endoscopy is the ‘gold standard test’ for patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. KEYWORDS Dyspepsia, Upper GI Endoscopy, Gastritis
Digital Devotees: Vernacular Authority in a New Kind of Religious Movement
Authors: Howard Robert Glenn
Published: June 2021

In this article, vernacular authority is described as the basis of a new religious movement termed “vernacular Christian fundamentalism”. Not just a new religious movement, vernacular Christian fundamentalism is also as a new kind of religious movement – “new” because even as these individuals have grown more connected online, no new central leadership has emerged. Instead, the movement takes shape as its believers engage in a kind of ritualized deliberation that they say generates a new kind of church that exists only on the Internet – what they call a “virtual ekklesia.”
Haematological Traits of Induced Hypovolemic Large White Yorkshire Piglets as Affected by Feeding them Milk of Pantja Goats and Black Badri Cows
Authors: Dineshkumar M. , Singh D.V. , Rastogi S.K. , Kumar Sanjay , Singh S.K. , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2021

Background: Pig is recognized as an advantageous non-rodent animal model within a large number of biomedical research areas and of xenotransplantation of animal organs into humans. People prefer taking goat milk during dengue fever like conditions for recovery from low blood constituents, particularly the blood platelets, without any scientific proof. Methods: Haemoglobin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and blood platelets count were studied in 2.5 months old 18 experimentally induced hypovolemic Large White Yorkshire (LWY) piglets at CVASc., GBPUAT, Pantnagar after feeding them milk of Pantja goats and black Badri cows over a period of 30 days during Oct.–Nov. 2019 and May-June 2020. Hypovolemia in piglets was achieved by withdrawing their 15% of total estimated blood volume (@ 7.5% in each time on day 1st and 3rd of experiment), followed by providing them with milk, which was double the amount of blood withdrawn, for 30 days. Control group (T1) piglets (6 no.) were maintained on basal diet, whereas group T2 and T3 piglets were given milk of Pantja goats and black Badri cows, respectively. Blood samples for testing were collected on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th day. Result: Average normal blood picture of weaned LWY piglets for haemoglobin (g/dl), ESR (mm/hr) and platelets count (105 cells/ mm3) was 11.36 ± 0.20, 10.00± 2.01, 3.1767 ± 0.2577, respectively. For haemoglobin and ESR, the values on testing days and the overall values for group T1, T2 and T3 piglets did not show any significant variation. However, the pooled values for haemoglobin were significantly different (P less than 0.01) on various testing days, being higher on day 1st and 30th than on 3rd, 7th and 15th day, implying that normal haemoglobin level was regained on 30th day of hypovolemia. The pooled values for ESR were significantly different (P less than 0.05) on various testing days, being higher on day 1st and 3rd only, which may be due to simultaneous increase in total erythrocyte counts. Overall mean platelets count (x105 cells/ mm3) for LWY piglets was 3.2570± 0.0890 and their values in group T1, T2 and T3 piglets were 3.0983±0.1675, 3.0820±0.1490 and 3.5907±0.1885, respectively, being significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for black Badri cow milk fed group piglets. This may imply usefulness of black Badri cow milk over Pantja goat milk in improving blood platelets count in human, considering pig a good animal model for human within a large number of biomedical researches.
ESTILO DE VIDA E AVALIAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DO IDOSO
Authors: Rodrigues Kleuma Maressa , Leão Cassia Costa , Bispo Sammyla Paulino
Published: June 2021

A população idosa têm aumentado, sua prevalência e incidência tem gerado doenças crônico-degenerativas que na qual se crescem significativamente. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a capacidade funcional do idoso e correlacionar com o estilo de vida dos mesmos. Foi um estudo transversal observacional na qual participaram 12 pacientes idosos de ambos os sexos. O estudo foi realizado nas dependências da Policlínica Universitária do Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo, UNASP-SP. Todos os voluntários realizaram uma avaliação em forma de questionário o de estilo de vida, a escala de Lawton, a escala de Katz, e o questionário sobre o risco para doenças não transmissíveis. Para avaliar o estilo de vida, e a capacidade e independência de realizar atividades da vida diária. Para avaliar a questão da fadiga do paciente utilizamos a escala de Chalder. Os resultados principais deste estudo mostraram que a capacidade funcional tem fortes relações com o estilo de vida, e que a presença de doenças crônicas como HAS e Diabetes reduz a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos. E o risco para DM e HAS correlacionou com um estilo de vida negativo. Um estudo que avaliou a capacidade funcional de idosos maiores de 60 anos e o estilo de vida pode concluir que a capacidade funcional tem fortes relações com o estilo de vida, e que a presença de doenças crônicas como HAS e Diabetes reduz a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos.
ÍNDICE DE RISCO DE APNEIA DO SONO NOS JOVENS ADULTOS
Authors: Da Silva Bianca Veríssimo da Silva Veríssimo , Colucci Marcelo
Published: June 2021

A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é caracterizada pelo colapso das vias aéreas superiores, causando obstrução total ou parcial durante o sono. A melhor forma de diagnóstico é através da polissonografia, a aplicação de questionários também pode ser útil no diagnóstico, um dos melhores é o Epworth. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar por meio do questionário Epworth a frequência de apneia obstrutiva do sono em adultos jovens. Todos os indivíduos participantes responderam a três questionários, o primeiro tem a finalidade de coletar os dados antropométricos e de hábitos de vida, e estilo de vida, o segundo questionário é o questionário de Berlin que tem por finalidade saber se o participante tem indicativo para apneia do sono, e o terceiro questionário é o de Epworth que tem por finalidade avaliar a sonolência diurna e índice de apneia do sono. Foram coletados dados de 108 participantes, sendo que foram excluídos um total de 22 questionários. A frequência de SAS foi maior entre as mulheres do que para os homens, também aqueles com peso maior do 100kg e IMC maior do 25 teve alta frequência de SAS, assim como entre aqueles com alimentação não saudável. Existe a possibilidade de indivíduos com SAS de dormirem durante estiverem dirigindo um automóvel. A frequência de apneia do sono vista pelo questionário de Berlin foi de 15%, sendo maior entre as mulheres, indivíduos com IMC maior do que 25 kg/m2.
What makes a “regime complex” complex? It depends
Authors: Hollway James
Published: June 2021

What makes the collections of international institutions or regimes governing various domains—called in theliterature regime, institutional, or governance complexes—“complex”? This article examines several conditions for complexity discussed in that literature and finds them necessary but not sufficient. It argues that the sufficient condition is dependence and outlines a framework of increasing levels of synchronic (social/spatial) and diachronic (temporal) dependence. Putting dependence at the centre of discussions on regime complexes has four advantages: (1) it is analytically more precise a condition than proliferation or linkage; (2) it orients us toward questions of degree, ‘how complex’, instead of the binary ‘whether complex’; (3) it informs a range of research design and theoretical choices, especially highlighting extra-dyadic dependencies and an underdeveloped temporal dimension; and (4) it arguably reconciles competing uses of the term “complex” in the literature without conflating it with complexity, structure, or topology.
ICP-OES elemental impurities study on different pharmaceutical dosage forms of Ibuprofen using microwave-assisted digestion procedure
Authors: Jancevska Katerina , Petrushevski Gjorgji , Bogdanoska Mirjana , Stafilov Trajce , Ugarkovic Sonja
Published: June 2021

Fast and simple closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion procedure was developed for decomposition of three pharmaceutical dosage forms of ibuprofen such as tablets, suspension and gel, prior to elemental impurity analysis by one robust and precise ICP-OES method. Samples were digested by four-step microwave program consisting of a 10 min temperature gradient to 180°C, maintained at 180°C for 10 min, followed by 5 min ramping time to 210°C with holding time of 10 min on 210°C. Subsequently, ICP-OES method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of selected elemental impurities. Results of recovery studies range between 77% and 105% for each element in all analyzed formulations. Correlation coefficients of the regression equations were higher than 0.999 for all analyzed elements. Validation results reveal that the proposed method is specific, accurate, and precise and could be applied for simultaneous quantitative analysis of multi element solutions in different pharmaceutical dosage forms of ibuprofen.
The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers
Authors: Ivanović Marija , Nenadović Snežana , Pavlović Vera P , Radović Ivona , Kijevčanin Mirjana , Pavlović Vladimir B , Kljajević Ljiljana
Published: June 2021

In this research, the starting precursor material is metakaolin, which was obtained by calcining domestic kaolinite clay. Thermodynamic parameters: densities, viscosities, speed of sound and refractive index of four series of alkaline activatorswere determined over the temperature range from 15 to 60oC of process of geopolymerization. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. Results of FTIR analysis correlated with results of Raman Spectroscopy.  Due to the polymerization process the changes in the phonon spectrum is confirmed. The different concentrations of activators do not change notably the Si/Al ratio.
Pink Eye Cases in Goats at The Sawangan Farm
Authors: Anggraeni Henny Endah , Rafi Yvette
Published: June 2021

Background: Pink eye disease in goats causes blindness, weight loss, and expensive medical costs, resulting in losses on farmers. Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to provide information regarding the handling of Pink Eye cases in goats in Sawangan Farms. Method: Observation data presented descriptively were compared and discussed with supporting data from literature. Treatment of Pink Eye cases in 36 goats at Sawangan Farm was started by separating the affected goats, then topical therapy was provided with Super Tetracycline HCl 250 mg® in 1% warm orange water. Topical treatment was carried out once a day by spraying 5-10 ml of the solution on both eyes of the goat for a month. Results: Healing of the goat's eye occurs within 2 weeks. Conclusion: The goat's eyes improved and looked clear again after treatment.
NURSING CARE FOR ACUTE PAIN RELATED TO GASTRITIS AT ANGGREK ROOM RSI NASHRUL UMMAH LAMONGAN
Authors: Al Baihaqi Rohmat
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Gastritis is a problem that many people experience and can occur at various ages. The most common symptom for gastritis sufferers is acute pain. However, acute pain nursing care in gastritis patients is different. This study is to explain Acute Pain Nursing Care for Gastritis Clients at Anggrek Room RSI Nashrul Ummah Lamongan. Methods: This study used case study design. Sampling of this study was one child suffering from gastritis with acute pain symptom. Data of this study were collected by interview, observation, physical examination and documentation. The data that obtained were analyzed with descriptive methods, diagnosis and evaluation. Results: The results showed that there were several gaps between case and theories for the assessment stage. A gap occurs in the assessment of the physical examination of the nasal passages which reveals the presence of nasal lobe breathing while holding pain. The priority of nursing diagnosis was acute pain and the focus of interventions was on pain management. Conclusion: Providing implementation of non-pharmacological techniques (distraction and relaxation techniques) and pharmacological (collaboration providing analgesics), environmental management, touch management, providing knowledge of the causes of pain and efforts to reduce pain, and observation of conditions that are effective in reducing pain in patients
STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL INDUSTRY LIQUID WASTE
Authors: Fitria An Nisa , Gunawan Vandhie Satyawira , Mardiah Mardiah
Published: June 2021

Palm oil is one of the plantation crops that have high economic value and is growing rapidly. The wider the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, the more palm oil mills will process palm fresh fruit marks and produce waste from processed palm oil, namely solid waste and liquid waste. Each tonne of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) processed at the plant will potentially leave waste of about 23% empty palm oil, 4% wet decanter solid, 6.5% shell, 13% fiber, and 50% liquid waste. This review will discuss the utilization of palm oil mill liquid waste (LCPKS) which is organic material that still contains many benefits such as nutrients, therefore the application of liquid waste is an effort to recycle some of the nutrients (recycling nutrients) which is followed by harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from oil palm so that it will reduce the cost of fertilization which is classified as very high for oil palm cultivation. During the processing of oil palm fruit into palm oil in the palm oil industry, the remaining process is obtained in the form of liquid waste. If done properly, the liquid waste of the palm oil industry is considerable potential and can increase the added value of waste itself.Keywords: liquid waste industry, palm oil, utilization
ISOLATION OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL BY FERMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: Ainiyah Khurotul , Andriyani Fita , Soemargono Soemargono , Erliyanti Nove Kartika
Published: June 2021

Clove essential oil is processed product of clove leaves which is used as perfumes and medicines. In general, the method used to extract clove leaf essential oil is the steam distillation method. This method has not maximized the yield essential oils produced because a lot of essential oils are still trapped in plant tissues. Modification of the essential oil isolation methods to produce more yields needs to be done, one of which is the fermentation method with the help Rhizopus oligosporus before the distillation process is carried out. The fermentation method is able to destroy the oil tissues on the leaves using enzymes produced by rhizopus oligosporus. The aims of this study were to isolate the essential oil clove leaves and look for the effect of the mass and fermentation time on the yield and content of clove leaf essential oil compounds produced. The results showed that the isolation  essential oils using fermentation methods was successfully carried out, the mass and fermentation time had a significant influence on the yield and content of essential oil chemical compounds. The best result was obtained at a mass of 35 grams with a fermentation time of 36 hours with a yield 0.32% and the content eugenol, caryopillene compounds obtained respectively at 93.43% and 2.28%.
KAMPANYE GEMA (GERAKAN BERSAMA) MELAWAN COVID-19 OLEH DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Armani Rulina Ega , Nursanti Siti , Ramdhani Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to plan the communication of the GEMA (Joint Movement) campaign against Covid-19 carried out by the Karawang District Health Office. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach while the data interview techniques were interviews, direct interviews and literature studies. The results in this study show several stages that were passed in making communication planning for the campaign against Covid-19, namely data base line and needs assessment, determining communication objectives, planning analysis and strategy development, audience segmentation, media selection, message development, management planning, training, implementation and evaluation. The Joint Movement Campaign which was conducted from March to December 2020 took the form of 3M socialization. This campaign is focused on ages 18 to 50 using live media, social media and outdoor media. Evaluation of activities is carried out by looking at the graph of the distribution of Covid-19 cases in Karawang Regency. The obstacles that occur in this campaign are weather, vehicles and there are some people who still do not use masks properly..