bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning sustainability by making games. The experience of a challenge as a novel approach for Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Cravero Sara , Strada Francesco , Lami Isabella , Bottino Andrea
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the programs of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) are designed for changing attitudes on environmental, economic, and social dimensions. In this context, and considering the varied ages of the participating students, it is necessary to implement appropriate pedagogical methods that are generally different from the traditional ones. Among the available approaches, Sustainability serious games (SSGs) appear to be an ideal candidate to facilitate ESD providing students with opportunities to experience the complex issues of sustainability. Besides learning by playing SSG, another relevant opportunity, capable of engaging teachers and students into a relevant and meaningful learning context, is learning by making SSGs, capable of engaging teachers and students into a relevant and meaningful learning context. In light of these comments, this paper proposes a major contribution to the research on learning by making games through a detailed discussion of the results obtained during a University Challenge experience, where students were involved in the design and development of SSGs. The Challenge involved 59 higher education (HE) students who were asked to work in groups to create a (per-group) prototype of a SSG aimed at improving the sustainability of our campus. Results of the Challenge assessment show that this learning approach can indeed be considered a valuable alternative for ESD.
Experimental-theoretical method for studying the vehicle airbag modules functioning
Authors: Kotiev G. O. , Petyukov A. V. , Gonsales Astua A. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The airbag belongs to the passive vehicle safety system (SRS - Supplementary Restraint System) and is the most important (together with the seat belt) restraint system that protects the driver and passengers in a collision with static or moving objects. The main task of the SRS is to minimize injuries to the driver and passengers and reduce deaths in various road traffic accidents. For the development and testing of modern high-tech airbag modules, it is necessary to have informative theoretical and experimental methods for studying the non-stationary processes of their functioning.

The purpose of the study was to develop an experimental-theoretical research method based on modern highly informative tools of experimental physics of fast processes and numerical methods for continuous media dynamics.

Methodology and research methods. To study the functioning dynamics of vehicle airbag modules, an experimental method for determining the kinematic and acoustic parameters has been developed and implemented, and a mathematical model of an airbag functioning process has been formulated and implemented in the LS-DYNA environment with the help of corpuscular particles method.

Scientific novelty and results. The created experimental-theoretical method allowed both to simulate the functioning processes of the developed and tested airbag modules, and to carry out field tests of these modules. In addition, the experiment made it possible to carry out a detailed verification of the numerical method for calculating the airbag operation, on the basis of which it was also possible to perform numerical calculations interaction of the airbag and an anthropometric dummy model.

Practical significance. The developed method for studying the processes of airbag modules functioning is an important and necessary component of creating a scientific, technical and experimental base for the development and production of passive safety systems.
Analysis of the vaporization processes in the vehicle fuel tank. New equation for determining the vapor amount
Authors: Ter-Mkrtich'yan G. G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Hydrocarbon emissions from vaporizationtank fuel contribute significantly to the total emissions of hazardous substances from vehicles equipped with spark ignition engines. To meet the established standards for limiting hydrocarbon emissions caused by evaporation, all modern vehicles use fuel vapor recovery systems, the optimal parameters of which require the availability and application of mathematical models and methods for their determination.

The purpose of the research was to develop a model of vapor generation processes in the car fuel tank and a methodology for determining the main quantitative parameters of the vapor-air mixture.

Methodology and research methods. The analysis of the processes of vapor generation in the fuel tank was carried out. It was shown that the mass of hydrocarbons generated in the steam space was directly proportional to its volume and did not depend on the amount of fuel in the tank.

Scientific novelty and results. New analytical dependences of the vaporization amount on the saturated vapor pressure, barometric pressure, initial fuel temperature and fuel heating during parking have been obtained.

Practical significance. A formula was obtained to estimate the temperature of gasoline boiling starting in the tank, depending on the altitude above sea level and the volatility of gasoline, determined by the pressure of saturated vapors. Using the new equations, the vaporization analysis in real situations (parking, idling, refueling, explosive concentration of vapors) was carried out.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR SOLVING MULTI OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS OF OPTIMIZATION
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab., Sargoch Haripriya
Published: July 2021

During the last 15 years, multi-objective mathematical programming has been one of the fastest developing fields of personal view. Following the use of evolutionary methods over single-objective optimization for a longer period of time, more than two decades, the wellness industry has incorporated several goals. The function has finally gained attention as a field of science. As a result, many people variations of current strategies and new evolutionary-based methods have been developed. In the scientific articles, it was recently written. In this paper, we suggest a multi-objective optimization algorithm that is based on antibody production theorem (either constrained or unconstrained). The aim of this paper is to summarise and compile details on these existing methods, stressing the relevance of analyzing operations analysis strategies, which are used by the majority of them. In an effort to entice scholars to explore these problems, they are focused. Approaches to mathematical analysis for new ways to utilize the scope evolved algorithms’ features. An overview of the key algorithms behind these methods is also given, as well as a short critique that includes their benefits and drawbacks, applicability, and some recommendations applications that are well-known. Finally, future developments in this field are discussed, as well as any potential future directions, additional analysis is also being considered. According to the findings, the suggested strategy seems to be a feasible solution for solving multi-objective optimization problems.
TIBIAL BONE NONUNION PLASTIC WITH THE USE OF MONOLOCAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS BY RING FIXATORS
Authors: Rushai A.K. , Lisaychuk Y.S. , Martinchuk O.O. , Baida M.V.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Actuality. Monolocal extrafocal osteosynthesis by ring fixators (RF) of tibial nonunion is not a generally accepted method, there are no systematic guidelines for its implementation. These issues need to be further studied.
Task. Formulate situational predominant properties of RF; features of application in different condi-tions.
To offer a method of nonunion plastics and features of monolocal osteosynthesis of RF and to study its efficiency.
Materials and methods. The data of treatment of 16 patients with aseptic nonunion of tibia, who required complex comprehensive specialized medical care with a possible positive result (scores from 51 to 75 according to the evaluation system Non-Union Scoring System - NUSS).
Implementation of monolocal extrafocal osteosynthesis of RF nonunion of shin bones after fractures was performed by us taking into account the features that distinguished it from that by fractures. The principal requirement of surgical intervention was the need to treat the center of nonunion, local stimulation of repara-tive processes. The technical features of all components of the intervention in the future were of great im-portance.
The so-called blood-saving tactics were used, which were carried out using squeezing and hemostatic tourniquets, tranexamic acid.
The results obtained. The results of treatment of victims with nonunion of the tibia with the use of RF in monolocal mode were as follows. Taking in consideration the severity of the lesion, we consider this result to be good. Given the insufficient number of observations, it is necessary to continue the use of the proposed method of treatment and to investigate its effectiveness.
Conclusions.
1. The use of monolocal RF in patients with nonunion of tibia after fractures has the advantage of use in cases with episodes of septic inflammation in the past, extensive scarring of soft tissues, short distal fragment and osteoporosis.
2. The peculiarities of monolocal osteosynthesis of RF were the use of thick Ilizarov needles Ø 2.0 mm with their conduction at an angle of two planes.
The obtained results of treatment of victims with nonunion of the tibia with the use of RF in the monolocal mode should be considered encouraging.
INTERPRETASI PROMOSI SECARA PERSONAL SELLING DALAM EKSPLANASI PENJUALAN PRODUK SIARAN TELEVISI DIGITAL PT. SIBAYAK ENTERTAINMENT INDONESIA
Authors: Simanjuntak Agus Nakkok , Samosir Anita Tresia , Hutahaean Desi N
Published: July 2021

PT. Sibayak Entertainment is a company that markets television broadcasts that subscribe to broadcasting on a prepaid basis with K-Vision satellite digitally through Kompas  Gramedia Televison Group. Marketing is carried out by personal selling or with the aim that television broadcast marketing can be carried out in two directions and is considered more effective in marketing products, because the final goal is sales. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative analysis method based on the results of the questionnaire scores by collecting scores from the questionnaire, processed by recapitulation scores, ideally scores and percentage scores of respondents in this case personal selling and sales achievement of digital TV broadcasts in Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province. PT. Sibayak Entertainment Indonesia with personal selling has the greatest influence on sales achievement, with a total sample of 50 respondents. Based on research that has been done using the results of respondents' answers, 80% to 90% of respondents gave answers agree and strongly agree, the rest there are still disagree and strongly disagree with promotions using personal selling as well as sales achievements. By using the recapitulation and percentage of strengths and weaknesses, personal selling and sales achievements are in the strong and very strong categories. This shows that PT. Sibayak Entertainment Indonesia has chosen a good promotion step by using personal selling because it shows good sales achievements and sales targets can be achieved as determined by the company.
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN MEDIA E-LEARNING DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH ANALISA LAPORAN KEUANGAN FKIP EKONOMI ANGKATAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN TAHUN AJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Nainggolan Juliver
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of e-learning media and independent learning on student creativity in the Economics Faculty of Economics Financial Report analysis course, class of 20017, University of HKBP Nommensen, Academic Year 2020/2021. This research was conducted at the University of HKBP Nommensen Medan FKIP Economics. The results of this study indicate that the use of e-learning in learning is very helpful for students / students to increase learning activities, honesty and having an independent personality. The phenomenon that occurs also illustrates that during the COVID-19 pandemic, students increase their learning independence. The use of e-learning media and independent learning has a positive effect on student creativity in the financial report analysis course for the economic education study program for the 2020/2021 academic year with the equation Y= 10.061 + 0.433X1 + 0.461X2.
Vegetation indices as proxies for spatio-temporal variations in water availability in the Rio Santa valley (Peruvian Andes)
Authors: Hänchen Lorenz , Klein Cornelia , Maussion Fabien , Gurgiser Wolfgang , Calanca Pierluigi , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In the semi-arid Peruvian Andes, the growing season is mostly determined by the timing of the onset and retreat of the wet season, to which annual crop yields are highly sensitive. Recently, local farmers in the Rio Santa basin (RSB) reported decreasing predictability of the onset of the rainy season and further challenges related to changes in rainfall characteristics. Previous studies based on time series of local rain gauges however, did not find any significant changes in either the timing or intensity of the wet season. Both in-situ and satellite rainfall data for the region lack the necessary spatial resolution to capture the highly variable rainfall distribution typical for complex terrain, and are often questionable in terms of quality and temporal consistency. To date, there remains considerable uncertainty in the RSB regarding hydrological changes over the last decades. In this study, we overcome this limitation by exploiting satellite-derived information on vegetation greenness to reveal a robust and highly resolved picture of recent changes in rainfall and vegetation phenology across the region: As the semi-arid climate causes water availability (i.e. precipitation) to be the key limiting factor for plant growth, patterns of precipitation occurrence and the seasonality of vegetation indices (VIs) are tightly coupled. Therefore, VIs can serve as an integrated proxy of rainfall. By combining MODIS Aqua and Terra VIs for 2000–2020 and several datasets of precipitation, we explore recent spatio-temporal changes in vegetation and water availability. Furthermore, we examine their links to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). While different rainfall datasets tend to be incoherent in the period of observation, we find significant greening over the majority of the RSB domain in VI data, particularly pronounced during the dry season (Austral winter). This indicates an overall increase of plant available water over time. The rainy season onset and consequently the start of the growing season (SOS) exhibits high inter-annual variability and dominates the growing season length (LOS). The end of the growing season (EOS) is significantly delayed in the analysis which matches the observed dry-season greening. By partitioning the results into periods of three stages of ENSO (neutral, Niño, Niña), we find an earlier SOS and an overall increased season length in years associated with El Niño. However, the appearance of Niño/Niña events during the analysed period cannot explain the observed greening and delayed EOS. While our study could not corroborate anecdotal evidence for recent changes in the SOS, we confirm that the SOS is highly variable and conclude that rainfed farming in the RSB would profit from future efforts being directed towards improving medium-range forecasts of the rainy season onset.
Impact of basement thrust fault on low-angle normal fault and rift basin evolution: a case study in the Enping sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Deng Chao , Zhu Rixiang , Han Jianhui , Shu Yu , Wu Yuxiang , Hou Kefeng , Long Wei
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Reactivation of pre-existing structures and their influence on subsequent rift evolution have been extensively analysed in previous researches on rifts that experienced multiple phases of rifting, where pre-existing structures were deemed to affect nucleation, density, strike direction and displacement of newly-formed normal faults during later rifting stage. However, previous studies paid less attention to the extensional structures superimposing on an earlier compressional background, leading to a lack of understanding, e.g., reactivation and growth pattern of pre-existing thrust fault as low-angle normal fault, and impact of pre-existing thrust fault on newly-formed high-angle faults and subsequent rift structure. This study investigating the spatial relationship between intrabasement thrust and rift-related faults in the Enping sag, northern South China Sea, indicates that the rift system is built on the previously deformed basement with pervasive thrusting structures, and that the low-angle major fault of the study area results from reactivation of intrabasement thrust fault. In addition, reactivated basement thrust fault can affect the nucleation and dip of nearby new faults, cause new faults to nucleate at or merge into it in vertical, and finally generate typical fault interactions, i.e., merging, abutting and crosscutting faults. This work not only provides insights into understanding growth pattern of rift-related faults interacting with reactivated low-angle faults, but also has broader implications on how basement thrust faults influence rift structure, normal fault evolution and syn-rift stratigraphy.
Carreras de la memoria: corporalidad, dinamismo y performatividad en Campo de Mayo de Félix Bruzzone
Authors: Cantoni Federico
Published: July 2021

In the heterogeneous corpus of works published by sons of Argentinean desaparecidos one of the most interesting and original contribution are the texts written by Félix Bruzzone. The aim of this article is to outline the main characteristics of the author’s style and then to analyse his last novel Campo de Mayo (2019). The novel actually originates as another type of text, a performance, so first of all, the peculiarities of this textuality will be identified, in order to reflect on the mechanisms that intervene when a performance is transposed into a novel. It will be demonstrated that the novel  keeps many elements of the performance, all linked to the theme of the search for disappeared parents, that ensure that the dynamic corporeal characteristic of the hipotext is kept in its novelisation, in order to create a discourse that through the body of the protagonist displays all the contradictions and paradoxes that this impossible search implies, using de textual image of the moving body to give an account of the complex dynamics of identity definition concerning sons of desaparecidos.
Testimonios y militancias de mujeres en Argentina: Revolución, Derechos Humanos y Feminismo
Authors: Basile Teresa
Published: July 2021

In this article,will examine a specific moment in the trajectories of both women's testimony and militancy, which have traced very powerful and certainly varied paths in recent decades in Argentina and Latin America, beginning at the beginning of democracy, after the Argentine dictatorship (1976-1983), with women's testimonies on the sexual crimes suffered in clandestine detention centers (CCD). They are part of a second wave within the literary and cultural tradition of Latin American testimony. In a first movement, the testimony of revolutionary matrix, which includes ethnographic, guerrilla and journalistic testimony, was institutionalized in 1970 by Casa de las Américas under the revolutionary model that spread throughout the continent from Cuba. In order to approach the corpus of women's testimonies on sexual terrorism, we consider it appropriate to point out the articulation of three matrixes that have permeated both testimonial texts and political practices: the revolutionary narrative, the humanitarian narrative and the feminist discourse.
In-Vitro study to Assess Effect of a Glide Path on Canal Transportation and Centering Ratio in Double Curved canals.
Authors: Alhalabi Raghad , Rekab Mohammad Salem , Alhroob Khaldaon Hossein , Al-assaf Maher
Published: July 2021

Objective: In endodontic treatment, creating a glide path became one of the recommended essential principles to obtain a safe preparation as possible; so the aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of the R-Pilot system in glide path preparation within the double curved canals.Study design: A laboratory study to assess the efficiency R-Pilot mechanical patency system on the shape marinating of the canal. Those criteria were used to evaluate the change in the original shape of the canal, Canal Transportation and Centering Ratio. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.13 program and the correlation between the variables were defined using descriptive statistics and inductive statistical tests (chi-square, T Student for independent samples, ANOVA).Results: no significant difference between the two glide path creation systems was found in terms of the deviation amount from the canal centric. whereas, between the R-Pilot system and the manual preparation, significant difference was found in the preserving rate of the canal centric at both the coronal area and the entire canal.Conclusion: glide path creation in the previously mentioned methods with confirmation on the importance of the mechanical patency in terms of speed, Reducing the effort and burden imposed on the practitioner compared to the use of manual files. XP Endo shaper had lower deviation values and more ability to save the shape and centric of the canal.
Introduction – Ricœur postcolonial
Authors: Tissot Damien , Wolff Ernst
Published: July 2021

Introduction to “postcolonial Ricoeur”, French version
Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary dentition: Two cases treated with a morphological approach combined with lip exercises and habituation
Authors:   Ohno Orthodontic Clinic, Fukumitsu Kyoko , Ohno Fumie , Ohno Toshihide
Published: July 2021

Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary-dentition period can cause the upper incisors to tip labially and the lower incisors to collapse lingually with the lower lip wedged between the upper and lower anterior teeth. The resulting lip incompetence further aggravates maxillary protrusion. Thus, there is a causal relationship between lip sucking/lip biting and maxillary protrusion. Orofacial myologists provide lip training to activate the flaccid upper lip and raise the child's awareness to help stop the sucking or biting of the lower lip, sometimes using an oral screen. Two primary-dentition cases with lip sucking and lip biting were treated with a functional appliance (F.A.), resulting in the elimination of the habits in 5 to 6 months along with the improvement of the overjet, overbite and facial profile. The authors prioritize myofunctional therapy (MFT) when treating open bite cases with tongue thrust in the primary dentition. However, the treatment of maxillary protrusion due to lip sucking and lip biting is approached differently with priority given to morphological improvement to create an oral environment that makes lip sucking and lip biting difficult, which is complimented with lip exercises and habituation. This combined approach was found to be effective in breaking the lip-sucking and lip-biting habits.
Assessment of tongue weakness and fatigue
Authors: Solomon Nancy
Published: July 2021

Assessment of nonspeech tongue function is common in speech-language pathology. This paper reviews techniques used to determine tongue strength and endurance, and describes a constant-effort task. These techniques are intended to reveal and quantify the presence of weakness or fatigue of the tongue. The consequences of performing these tasks with and without a bite block, used to fix jaw position, are considered. Whether nonspeech tongue impairment is associated with speech dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is another topic of interest. Past studies indicated reduced tongue strength and endurance in Parkinson’s disease, but these measures did not correlate with speech measures. It was hypothesized that weakness and fatigue need to be impaired to a “critical” level before speech is perceptibly affected. To examine whether experimentally induced tongue fatigue affects speech, normal speakers performed prolonged strenuous tongue exercise. Speech deteriorated following these exercises. A new investigation examines whether 1 hour of speech-like tongue exercise (rapid syllable repetitions) affects dysarthric speech. Preliminary data from 6 participants with Parkinson’s disease, 1 person with bulbar ALS, and 6 neurologically normal control subjects indicate that sentences sound more precise but less natural after the exercises. Surprisingly, results did not differ significantly between the groups. Continued collection of data and refinement of tasks will contribute to our understanding of the potential relationships between weakness, fatigue, and speech.
Evaluation of a new concept of myofunctional therapy in children
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Hamburg, Korbmacher Heike
Published: July 2021

This prospective study was designed to evaluate a new concept of myofunctional therapy in comparison with conventional myofunctional therapy. 45 children aged three to sixteen years in need of myofunctional therapy were randomly divided into two groups: 19 children were referred to myofunctional therapy in private practices in Hamburg and served as controls. The remaining 26 children were treated with face former therapy at the Department of Orthodontics by a medical assistant specializing in myofunctional therapy. The overall observation time was six months. Every three months an overall clinical assessment was performed at the Department of Orthodontics by a speech pathologist and an orthodontist, who documented the clinical situation. The clinical examination included measurement of lip strength, palatography to document the swallowing pattern, logopedic diagnosis, and an orthodontic examination with reference to a standardized diagnostic sheet. In all children’s orofacial function could be improved. Children treated with the Face Former showed a statistically significantly improvement in palatal tongue position during swallowing. They achieved stronger lip pressure within a shorter time than children who did not use the Face Former. However, at the end of the observation time there was no statistically significant difference in lip strength between the two groups. Habitual mouth closure was also achieved within a shorter time for children treated with the FaceFormer than children with myofunctional therapy. Face Former therapy seems to offer a good alternative to conventional myofunctional therapy. Longitudinal studies will follow to judge whether the established orofacial balance could be stabilized, i.e. the established physiological orofacial function becomes automatic.
Działalność firmy Organmistrzowskiej P. B. Voelkner w Poznaniu
Authors: Bigosiński Adam Konrad
Published: July 2021

Mimo wielu dotychczasowych publikacji dotyczących działalności zakładu organmistrzowskiego Paula Voelknera temat nadal nie został wyczerpany. Dzięki coraz szerszym badaniom źródłowym wychodzą coraz to nowe fakty dotyczące nie tylko wybudowanych przez niego instrumentów, ale też o samym organmistrzu.Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu prezentację nowych faktów z życia Paula Voelknera a także zaprezentowanie części jego działalności w Poznaniu w wymiarze postawionych przez niego instrumentów. Zagadnienie to jest o tyle interesujące, gdyż właśnie w tym mieście Voelkner zbudował swoje największe organy.
Przejawy pornografii według prasy katolickiej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Beczek Paweł
Published: July 2021

Na przestrzeni lat rozumienie pojęcia pornografia uległo istot-nym zmianom. Przekonujemy się o tym, analizując polską międzywojenną prasę katolicką. Występujące tam definicje omawianego zjawiska odbiegają od współczesnych norm kulturowych. Publicystyka katolicka w II Rzeczypospolitej wypracowała różne koncepcje terminologiczne. Często przyjmowanym stanowiskiem była propozycja Czesława Lechickiego, który identyfikował pornografię ze wszystkim, co „wywoływało impuls płciowy”. Owe rygorystyczne kryteria mocno poszerzyły zakres semantyczny analizowanego pojęcia. Redaktorzy wyróżniali w związku z tym wiele form-nośników pornografii, takich jak: pocztówki ze zdjęciami nagich kobiet, literatura, filmy, sztuki teatralne, prasa, reklamy, piosenki, a nawet swawolne dowcipy. Do inkryminowanych materiałów zaliczano powieści Stefana Żeromskiego czy utwory Hanki Ordonówny. Zjawisko pornografii często zestawiano też z tzw. bezwstydem, który przybierał postać nieskromnej mody żeńskiej oraz nowoczesnych tańców (tango, one-step, shimmy, charleston czy fokstrot), uchodzących za niestosowne
American Relations with Turkmenistan after War on Terrorism
Authors: Faisal Javed
Published: July 2021

Turkmenistan is energy rich country located in Central Asian region. It got neutrality status from United Nations in 1995, under this status it cannot involve in any kind of alliances, defense treaties and pacts against any other countries. After war against terrorism Turkmenistan got American attention due to its strategic location and its border attached with Afghanistan. It provided assistance to the Unites States on Humanitarian basis. The research paper examines American political, economic and defense relations with Turkmenistan. It also analyses the role of Turkmenistan against war against terrorism.
SECURITY THREATS AND CHALLENGES TO PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR / ONE BELT OF ROAD
Authors: Muhammad Mughis Irfan Siddiqui
Published: July 2021

OBOR i.e One Belt One Road or China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is actually a game changer, a strategic balance of power between USA and China. In recent times, the establishments of such corridor are establishing new political and economic blocks on the globe. The fine example in this regard is recently much discussed OBOR/CPEC which is going to connect the middle East and South Asia to Europe and Central Asia and to Africa as well. Amid all hopes and interests there are many security concerns and threats. Pakistan’s security situation, regionalism and security environment, Terrorism and militancy, Uyghur issue, ISIS, India-Afghanistan and Iran nexus and the discontentment of USA. Policy towards Pakistan and Russian’s strong desire to be a part of the project is also a matter of great concern for Americans and Indians as well . The role of non state actors in the region, the Gulboshan and other Indian sponsored networks working in the disturbed areas are the challenges along with political fragmentation, social and religious cleavages hindrances. All these security threats and Challenges will be discussed and analyse within this article.
CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) ENERGY PRIORITY & OPTIONS FOR SINDH
Authors: Nighat Moin, Dr. Suwaibah Qadri
Published: July 2021

The significance of China for Pakistan can actuate further by the economic partnership & commercial interest through the connectivity via CPEC. The exigent deep-sea maritime port (Kashga-Gwadar port) is financed & operated by china provides Pakistan with ample opportunity to paramount commercial relations with Central-Asia republics. Furthermore, Pakistan reveals the prospect of symbolic transit fees; an opportunity to Pakistan public finance. The whole project would take at least 15-20 years for completion & if carried forward in an uninterrupted way, Pakistan would earn huge amount of dividends in long-run, because CPEC project worth estimated $ 32 billion would be financed by FDI through Chinese companies; hence not borne by Pakistan & the remaining $ 12 billion investment is by government to government loans. CPEC project will increase the employment opportunities into the backward district of Pakistan via providing the infrastructure & connectivity with the rest of the world especially the central-Asia, which entertain Pakistan economy in a win-win situation by stabilizing the economy politically & economically.
China’s Strategy of ‘String of Pearls’ and South Asia
Authors: Dr. Fauzia Ghani , Dr. Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2021

Indian Ocean has always remained a center of economic development and security of Asian states. Therefore, China’s shift from Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean for the sake of energy security and economic development can be seen. China has developed a network of ports and naval bases in Indian Ocean through diplomatic means for expanding its influence. This study aims to examine the nature of string of pearls strategy of China that how China is utilizing its economic tools to fulfill its commercial interest in the larger Indian Ocean region. International community often relates “string of pearls” strategy with China’s hostile naval build up in IOR by creating network of naval bases along the littorals of Indian Ocean. This article has emphasized on the commercial nature of string of pearls strategy with reference to the South Asian States under soft power theory. Though it’s a challenging task for China to increase its influence in the Indian proximity but China is operating on the principle of creating common grounds for both the host states as well as donor state in the South Asian region.
Sino-Egypt Relations in the context of BRI
Authors: Amr Adawi Ahmed Adawi , Dr. Wang Lian He , Dr. Allauddin
Published: July 2021

Sino-Egypt diplomatic relationships were established in May 1956. In year 2013, China launched the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) and invited countries, especially those along the route to contribute in the framework of the project. The Egyptian president Sisi visited China in 2014, and the two nations agreed to promote their bilateral relationships to comprehensive strategic partnership. In year 20146, Egypt launched new strategy for national development “Egypt Vision 2030”. Therefore, the two countries are cooperating according to these two planes. This paper analyzes Sino-Egypt relations in the context of BRI. When the Initiative was launched by China in 2013, Egypt is among the first countries to the join it. SinoEgyptian relations have significantly developed since the early 2010s. Based on solid foundation, China’s president Xi Jinping and Al-Sissi sealed an “integral strategic partnership” between the two nations in year 2014. This research paper provides an overview of this evolution and explores fields of cooperation between the two countries. The paper sheds light on cooperation in bilateral fields, especially in the framework of Belt & Road Initiative launched by China. The paper explores how Egypt and China reinforce each other in their common search for economic development
Overview of US Governmental Policies: Analysis of Trump’s Presidential Era
Authors: Hafiz Hammaduddin, Mobashir Naeem Siddiqui, Dr. Maryam Bibi
Published: July 2021

The writing compares Trump's organisation with those former presidents who have been convicted and explores their personal perspective on repentance. Secondary data sources like ProQuest, Google Scholar and EBSCO host were used to create a study of the political climate in the United States. There are similarities in the policies of Trump and other presidential candidates that are as their own will. Presidents Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson, for example, were removed from office after being accused of obstructing values and making a mark on equality, the same Donald Trump is also accused of. Because of Trump's racism against blacks, his abuse of power and his disregard for women, among other things, it is quite possible that he will be criticised. The problems that have long seriously affected the US republic have led to the country's current state of socio-political and monetary destabilisation. Trump, for example, by dividing racial minorities in terms of contingencies, has become detached from monetary issues
The Morphology of the Spiral Galaxies: Encoded Information on the Origin and Evolution Mechanisms
Authors: Harutyunian H. A.
Published: July 2021

Consequences of the interaction between baryonic matter and dark energy carrier is considered for spinning objects. Some morphological features of spiral galaxies are used as fingerprints of formation processes to show that spiral arms of galaxies could be formed through mass ejection from the core of these objects. The Elmegreens’ arm classification allows one to find some opportune features for this end. For the same purpose, the ratio of vertical and radial sizes of some edge-on spiral galaxies found in deep fields and SDSS surveys is used.
Pharmacogenetics of chlorpromazine and its role in the development of antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism
Authors: Vaiman E. E. , Novitsky M. A. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: July 2021

Antipsychotics (AP) is a group of psychotropic drugs for the treatment of mental disorders, in particular schizophrenia. In the mid-1950s, the first AP was synthesized (known as chlorpromazine (CPZ)). This drug has revolutionized the treatment of psychotic disorders. This drug, in addition to the antipsychotic effect, caused severe adverse drug reactions in patients, in particular from the neurological system, such as AP-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) — chlorpromazine-in-duced parkinsonism (CPZ-IP). CPZ-IP characterized by the occurrence of motor disorders. CPZ-IP is as a result of damage to the basal ganglia and subcortical-thalamic connections. Drug-induced EPS is subdivided into primary and secondary. Among the primary EPS, drug-IP is the most common (the leading form of secondary parkinsonism). Pharmacogenetic markers of CPZ safety are being actively studied. Some pharmacogenetic markers of therapy safety have been established: single nucleotide variants/polymorphisms of candidate genes for dopaminergic receptors D2 and D3 (DRD2 (rs1799732 (-141C Ins/Del)), DRD3 (rs6280 (Ser9Gly)), laforine phosphatase (EPM2A (rs1415744 (C/T)).
Siege, Resistance, and Politics in 'New Kashmir'
Authors: Ganie Mohd Tahir
Published: July 2021

In August 2019, the populist Modi government, after getting re-elected in a massive landslide, rescinded the semi-autonomous status (constitutionally guaranteed under Article 370) of the disputed Muslim-majority region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) by putting its 12 million residents under an unprecedented lockdown. This article will examine the ramifications of this decision, which earned praise in mainland India but generated anger and fear among the people of J&K, especially in the Kashmir Valley, the epicenter of the Kashmiri self-determination movement? It situates the prior measures Indian government took to impose its decision on the population which strongly opposed it and assesses the human cost of this imposition. It looks at the international community’s response to the political and human rights crisis obtained due to the siege imposed on the people of the contested Himalayan region. And, finally, the article indicates that the political future of Kashmir, which has been the main source of intense geopolitical rivalry between two nuclear-armed South Asian neighbors (India and Pakistan), and a site of protracted armed conflict and unarmed anti-India resistance, is likely to remain caught in a cycle.
Three Decades of Bangladeshi Politics (1990-2019): The Emergence and Collapse of the Political Settlements
Authors: Riaz Ali
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the tumultuous political history of Bangladesh since it embarked on democratization process in 1991 after two decades of civilian and military authoritarianism, using the political settlement framework. Political settlement, in this paper is understood as, an agreement among elites and other social forces regarding ‘distribution of benefits supported by its institutions consistent with the distribution of power in the society’ (Khan, 2010). At the political level the arrangement is expected to ensure that the system would not unravel by conflict and violence. In the past decades, the country not only experienced repeated episodes of violence but also hopes of a democratic transformation have faded. Bangladesh has moved towards a non-inclusive political system. The paper argues that the period in question is marked by the emergence and collapse of a political settlement among political elites. It explores the nature and scope of the political settlement that emerged in the 1980s and collapsed by 2010, and demonstrates that by 2014, an exclusionary authoritarian settlement has emerged characterized by a lack of inclusivity and coercive apparatuses’ heightened role. The breakdown of political settlement was predicated by the nature of the settlement, its implications for the elites in the challenger coalition, and the degree of inclusivity of the dominant coalition. The exclusionary political settlement provides a semblance of ‘stability’ for a limited period but fails to contain the tension in the long term even when it delivers economic growth.
Declines in methamphetamine supply and demand in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Voce Alexandra , Sullivan Tom
Published: July 2021

This study uses data from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the methamphetamine market in Australia. Since the pandemic began, the availability and quality of methamphetamine have decreased, prices have increased (from $17.50–$50 per point to $50–$250 per point) and consumption has declined. The impact of the pandemic varied by location, with more disruption observed in Perth relative to Brisbane and Adelaide. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have restricted the supply of methamphetamine in Australia, resulting in higher prices and lower consumption of the drug.
The costs of Indigenous and non-Indigenous offender trajectories
Authors: Allard Troy , McCarthy Molly
Published: July 2021

Reducing Indigenous overrepresentation in the criminal justice system is justified on both social justice and economic grounds. We developed an innovative costing framework and estimated direct criminal justice system unit costs based on critical cost drivers. These estimates were applied to offender trajectories, modelling offences of all individuals registered as being born in Queensland during 1983–1984 (from ages 10 to 31). Separate trajectory models were developed for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Queenslanders in the birth cohort to enable separate cost estimations for these groups. Findings identified over one-half (53%) of the identified Indigenous cohort and 16 percent of the non-Indigenous cohort had moderate to chronic offender trajectories. Because of the high levels of recontact and sanction seriousness and length, Indigenous offenders were on average more costly. These findings emphasise the high cost of current criminal justice system responses to Indigenous and chronic offenders in particular and the need to consider innovative and more cost-effective approaches to reduce offending by individuals in these groups.
Credit Risk and Disclosure Behavior in the Bank Industry: Evidence From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qadiri Hind , Alsughayer Sulaiman
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the extent of credit risk disclosure and the effects of bank-specific attributes on the disclosure level of Saudi listed banks. The study considers the content analysis of 12 Saudi listed banks from 2016 to 2020. A comprehensive credit risk disclosure index is developed, covering seven dimensions to measure the levels of credit risk disclosure. The generalized linear model is used to examine whether bank-specific attributes could explain any differences in disclosure levels among banks. This research provides evidence that although banks have similar regulatory requirements, they differ in their credit risk disclosure. The empirical results indicate that few bank-specific attributes significantly influence the risk disclosure. Bank size and leverage positively affect risk disclosure. Therefore, banks’ asset size is a key factor in all risk disclosure categories. In contrast, the results show that a bank’s age and profitability have no impact on the level of credit risk disclosure. This paper contributes to the risk disclosure literature in Saudi Arabia. Understanding factors that affect the level of credit risk disclosure might help the regulators to formulate strategies and policies, enabling shareholders and investors to make informed decisions.
Adaptación del bastón de movilidad en un caso de sordoceguera y movilidad reducida dentro del Programa de Rehabilitación de la ONCE
Authors: Galván González E.
Published: July 2021

La experiencia que se presenta surge de la necesidad planteada por una afiliada con sordoceguera y con movilidad reducida (en silla de ruedas eléctrica) de poder salir sola a la calle. El objetivo fundamental marcado ha sido conseguir la autonomía en los desplazamientos por entornos exteriores conocidos. Para ello, y tras un proceso de ensayo-error, se adapta el bastón de movilidad para su uso y manejo con la silla de ruedas eléctrica, creando un material con el que la usuaria puede obtener la seguridad necesaria, consiguiendo con ello lo propuesto al iniciar este programa de Orientación y Movilidad (OyM). El uso del material creado se puede generalizar a otros grupos de personas con discapacidad visual, ya que tiene múltiples usos (se puede realizar en distintas medidas, en diferentes circunstancias del usuario, en múltiples entornos…).
AN IRON AGE II TOMB WITH PHOENICIAN ITEMS AT KHIRBET BIR EL-KHARAYIB,CENTRAL PALESTINE
Authors: Shawamra Awni , Cappella Federico
Published: July 2021

In 2017, during a salvage excavation carried out by the Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage of Palestine, an Iron Age shaft tomb close to the site of Khirbet Bir el-Kharayib in Central Palestinecame to light. The funerary equipment of the tomb goes within the Iron Age IIA pottery tradition. Vessels of this period primarily consist of Red Slip Ware bowls and juglets, Black Slip Ware juglets, Simple Ware jars, jugs and juglets,and Cooking Ware pots. A Bichrome Ware jug, abronze bowl and a zoomorphic figurine complete the funerary set.
LE CERAMICHE D’IMPASTO DALLA ZONA D A MOZIA.ASPETTI SOCIO-ECONOMICI IN AMBITO DOMESTICO
Authors: Guastella Cecilia
Published: July 2021

This paper aims at examining the so-called Impasto Ware, discovered in the Area D of Motya, in order to identify and share information about the features of this class. Analyses of the vases section, of the shapes and diameters, and their technological features clarify the function (food preparation and cooking) and the production (primarly domestic and household) of IW. Some ethnographic parallels allow to define why the pottery-making process of IW was being preserved in a long period in the community of Motya
Metodologia de análise de imagens baseada em objetos geográficos (GEOBIA) utilizando RPAS (drone) com sensor RGB
Authors: Gonçalves Vinicius
Published: July 2021

O trabalho aborda sobre uma metodologia para a utilização de imagens captadas a partir de RPAS (drones) com a implementação de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina (machine learning). Para isto, apresenta-se a execução de classificação orientada a objetos (GEOBIA) em produtos cartográficos gerados a partir de câmera RGB convencional embarcada em RPAS, a partir de softwares de código aberto para que se possa contribuir com atividades de controle ambiental.
EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMIC DISEASES: CAUSES, CHRONOLOGY, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Pagani Balletti Raffaella
Published: July 2021

Epidemic and pandemic diseases have succeeded each other over the centuries till now. This review aims to analyse and contextualize its causes and remedies, in the different historical periods, and its cultural and social repercussions, with reference to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The main data have been obtained from reviews and official documents of the Ministry of Health (Spain) and World Health Organization. Possible environmental implications are mentioned that may currently increase the spread of potentially pandemic pathogens (PPP).