bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of the effective composition of asphalt concrete with the use of waste steel production
Authors: Tyuryukhanov Kirill , Pugin Konstantin , Fedoseeva Olga , Agapitov Denis
Published: April 2019

The article presents a part of the dissertation research by Tyuryukhanova K.Yu., the results of mathematical modeling of the effective composition of asphalt-concrete mixture of type B of brand I. At present, a network of highways is developing very quickly, where asphalt is the main material of the upper layers of the pavement construction. Every year, there is a tightening of requirements for asphalt concrete mixtures, and in particular for the stone materials used. That in turn leads to a rise in price of certain inert materials, and as a result of all construction in general. One of the ways to reduce costs in the repair, reconstruction, new construction is the use of industrial waste, which in its strength characteristics are not inferior to traditional building materials. The article deals with mathematical modeling of hot dense fine-grained asphalt-concrete mixture, which includes the departure of steelmaking production, in particular spent molding mixture. At the heart of mathematical models, physico-mechanical indicators are obtained as a result of testing of asphalt concrete samples made in laboratory conditions. As changing factors, two indicators were selected, the bitumen content and the amount of fine aggregate, namely the waste of steelmaking production of the spent molding mixture, in the composition of asphalt concrete. Mathematical modeling makes it possible to more accurately design the grain composition, to identify certain dependencies on changing factors, and also to predict the strength characteristics of asphalt concrete, which consists of mineral materials of different origin and astringent, which will in turn meet all the requirements of state standards of the Russian Federation.
Negotiable Votes
Authors: Grandi Umberto , Grossi Davide , Turrini Paolo
Published: April 2019

We study voting games on binary issues, where voters hold an objective over the outcome of the collective decision and are allowed, before the vote takes place, to negotiate their ballots with the other participants. We analyse the voters' rational behaviour in the resulting two-phase game when ballots are aggregated via non-manipulable rules and, more specifically, quota rules. We show under what conditions undesirable equilibria can be removed and desirable ones sustained as a consequence of the pre-vote phase.
Seasonal variation’s effect on antidiabetic activity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Tahir Humna , Rahman Jameel , Ashraf Muhammad , Anjum Shazia , Hussain Irshad , Warsi Muhammad Farooq
Published: April 2019

The present work develops an eco-friendly protocol that was adopted to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aqueous extract of Corchorus depressus collected in three different seasons. Visually, the formation of AgNPs was confirmed by the change in the color of extracts to reddish brown and the AgNPs were further characterized by ultraviolet–visible studies of the absorption band at 435–450 nm that is due to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The functional groups that behave as a reducing agent and those that act as a capping agent were determined by the FTIR. The particle size was determined by scanning electron microscopy and the amount of capping agents (organic contents at the surface of AgNPs) was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis. AgNPs showed a remarkable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase compared to their respective aqueous extracts. Extraction of plant material collected in the month of January and their AgNP formation showed the smallest particle size of 4 ± 2 nm. Moreover, an augmented remarkable inhibitory activity against the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 of 2·48 ± 0·56 μg/ml was also observed compared to other extracts.
Evaluation of recycled concrete aggregate backfill for geosynthetic-reinforced MSE walls
Authors: Soleimanbeigi A. , Tanyu B. F. , Aydilek A. H. , Florio P. , Abbaspour A. , Dayioglu A. Y. , Likos W. J.
Published: April 2019

Mechanical and hydraulic properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were evaluated for use as backfill in mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. Large-scale drained triaxial tests, direct shear tests and pullout tests were performed to obtain mechanical properties of RCA interacting with various geosynthetics. Long-term filtration (LTF) tests were performed to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of RCA-geotextile systems. Results showed that the RCA had an internal friction angle of 49°, which was within the typical range. The RCA-uniaxial geogrid had the highest interface friction angle of 36° – and the interface friction angles of RCA-biaxial geogrid, RCA-nonwoven geotextile, and RCA-woven geotextile were 32°, 26° and 22°, respectively. Reinforced RCA showed comparable pullout capacity to reinforced sand. No slippage was observed between the RCA and geotextiles or geogrids, and the failures occurred mainly due to rupture of the geotextiles and geogrids during the pullout test. Results of the LTF tests showed that, over a filtration period of 2500 h, the ratio of mean hydraulic conductivity of RCA only to that of RCA-nonwoven geotextile and RCA-woven geotextile systems remained between 0.91 and 3.2, suggesting that the clogging of the geotextiles with RCA was minimal.
Exploring the effect of 3D grain shape on the packing and mechanical behaviour of sands
Authors: Yang H. , Zhou B. , Wang J.
Published: April 2019

This paper investigated the dependence of three-dimensional grain shape characteristics on particle size by applying X-ray micro-computerized tomography. A series of packing and triaxial shearing experiments are performed, which suggest that the macroscale behaviour of sands at different scales of stress states progressively correspond to the characteristic scales of the microscale morphological descriptors of particles. That is, the packing behaviour are more reliant on grain aspect ratio (AR), whereas the critical state mechanical behaviour are more reliant on grain sphericity. As the AR of particulates increases, the extreme void ratios and packing index decrease. The shearing friction angles at the critical state decrease as the sphericity of grains increases and the intercept void ratios become smaller. The drained peak friction angles and maximum friction angles of undrained stable and strain-hardening specimens of angular sands are larger than those of rounded sands at the same state parameter level because the interlocking of angular sands with many projecting corners is stronger than that of rounded sands during shearing. At the same initial state level, rounded sands are more susceptible to softening and liquefaction than angular sands under undrained conditions, because smooth corners permit easier grain rotations in undrained unstable specimens.
A case study of liquefaction: demonstrating the application of an advanced model and understanding the pitfalls of the simplified procedure
Authors: Tsaparli Vasiliki (vasia) , Kontoe Stavroula , Taborda David M. G. , Potts David M.
Published: April 2019

The complexity of advanced constitutive models often dictates that their capabilities are only demonstrated in the context of model testing under controlled conditions. In the case of earthquake engineering and liquefaction in particular, this restriction is magnified by the difficulties in measuring field behaviour under seismic loading. In this paper, the well-documented case of the Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand, for which extensive field and laboratory data are available, is utilised to demonstrate the accuracy of a bounding surface plasticity model in fully coupled finite-element analyses. A strong motion station with manifestation of liquefaction and the second highest peak vertical ground acceleration during the 22 February 2011 Mw6·2 seismic event is modelled. An empirical assessment predicted no liquefaction for this station, making this an interesting case for rigorous numerical modelling. The calibration of the model aims at capturing both the laboratory tests and the field measurements in a consistent manner. The characterisation of the ground conditions is presented, while, to specify the bedrock motion, the records of two stations without liquefaction are de-convolved and scaled to account for wave attenuation with distance. The numerical predictions are compared to both the horizontal and vertical acceleration records and other field observations, showing a remarkable agreement, also demonstrating that the high vertical accelerations can be attributed to compressional resonance. The results provide further insights into the underperformance of the simplified procedure.
Política de ampliación de la jornada escolar en Colombia y sus implicaciones
Authors: Osorio Luz
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Explorar algunas implicaciones de las políticas de ampliación de la jornada escolar que se han dado en diferentes países de América latina, que aportan a la política Jornada única que actualmente se implementa en Colombia. Método: Realiza un análisis de carácter reflexivo sobre la política de ampliación de la jornada escolar, relacionadas con algunas experiencias que se han dado en diferentes países de América Latina, de acuerdo a similitudes de los contextos  que permiten retomar diferentes lecciones para el mejoramiento de la implementación de la política Jornada única en Colombia. Conclusión: Se observan los beneficios que trae este tipo de políticas en la calidad de vida de los estudiantes, especialmente en la disminución de factores de riesgo y vulnerabilidad, sin embargo, poco se ha logrado en el mejoramiento de resultados académicos. Se propone según los hallazgos, que, para una política en Colombia de ampliación de la jornada escolar, se atiendan aspectos como agotamiento y alimentación escolar, factores de riesgo, vinculación de la comunidad educativa, infraestructura y recursos, y como última categoría imprescindible, el manejo del tiempo escolar que permita brindarle calidad al aprendizaje, si lo que busca Colombia es mejorar sus resultados académicos.
Shifts in the Autonomic Nervous System Defined by the Valence of TV News
Authors: Tukaiev Sergii , Havrylets Yurii , Rizun Volodymyr , Khylko Maksym , Zyma Igor , Makarchuk Mukola , Reshetnik Evdokia , Kravchenko Victoriia , Dolgova Olena , Seleznov Ivan
Published: April 2019

The pattern and nature of autonomic nervous system responses largely depend on the type of emotion. The study was aimed at defining shifts in the autonomic nervous system that accompany the emotional activation under the influence of emotionally accented TV news. Results indicated that a heart rate decelerated in a few minutes after the watching neutral video set. At the same time, throughout the viewing of the video, the activity of the parasympathetic system and the stress index decreased. Negatively accented TV news caused more complex changes. For men, the significant changes in heart rate were recorded only during the first TV news items. On the other hand, negative TV news stories elicited the most significant changes in parasympathetic system and stress index – these changes occurred in the middle of exposure to negative TV news set. The impact was stronger and more complicated for women and consisted of decreasing heart rate while watching TV news stories and accelerating heartbeats in the pause between them. A significant decrease in the parasympathetic system activity occurred after watching negative TV news. Regarding all the parameters, negative TV news stories exerted more significant influence on the psycho-physiological condition of the volunteers than neutral TV stories. Our study revealed the short-term media effects of negative and neutral TV news on the activation patterns of the autonomic nervous system. The short-term reactions of the individual to the mass media are those bricks that underlie a large-scale picture of the media impact on a mass audience. The fact of the existence of short-term media effects gives the base for a further research on the cumulative nature of TV news content’s impact on people, including the longitudinal perspective of media effects.
IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION WITH THE USE OF TOOLS AND METHODS OF PROCESS MINING
Authors: Abdullayev I.
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the introduction of Process Mining methods in the activities of organizations. Process Mining should be used in any cases where there is a reflection of the activities of employees in information systems and where one of two conditions is met: • these are simple mass processes that are produced several thousand (tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands) times a day (for example, customer banking). The sequence of steps is verified to the last detail, and we monitor the effectiveness of a particular employee, Department. It is unlikely that it will be possible to change the mechanics of the process, but you can save on debugging the work of each link, which together will give a tangible effect. • these are complex, long, individual processes involving multiple departments. In this case, Process Mining is not looking for a way to speed up, but a way to simplify the process, optimize the number of steps, avoid process defects, unnecessary cycles, involvement of unnecessary participants, etc. The article shows that in both cases the use of Process Mining gives a significant economic effect.
Dos cartas de Ceán Bermúdez para el origen de la historia de la arquitectura española
Authors: Crespo Delgado Daniel
Published: April 2019

RESUMENDamos a conocer dos cartas inéditas de Ceán Bermúdez, fechadas en 1798, y dirigidas al archivero de la catedral de Sevilla, Antonio de San Martín. Estas cartas nos permiten conocer mejor el proceso de recopilación de noticias sobre arquitectos llevado a cabo por Ceán, que resultó en la primera historia moderna de la arquitectura en España.PALABRAS CLAVEJuan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez, Jovellanos, Catedral de Sevilla. TITLETwo letters from Ceán Bermúdez for the origin of the history of Spanish architectureABSTRACTWe transcribe two unpublished letters, dated in 1798, from Ceán Bermúdez to Antonio San Martín, archivist of the cathedral of Seville. These letters allow us a better comprehension of Ceán's research of Spanish architects' notices.KEY WORDSJuan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez, Jovellanos, Catedral de Sevilla.
Antiretroviral-induced adverse drug reactions in HIV-infected patients in Mali: a resource-limited setting experience
Authors: Oumar Aboubacar Alassane , Dakouo Mamadou , Tchibozo Anicet , Maiga Mamoudou , Landouré Guida , Abdi-Bogoreh Raysso , Tulkens Paul M. , Dao Sounkalo , Yombi Jean Cyr
Published: April 2019

Background: There are few reports in the literature from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding antiretroviral-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now widely available in SSA, and ADRs during HIV infection are also frequent. In this study, we reported the frequency and risk factors of ART-induced ADRs in a Malian population.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in the HIV Care and Counseling Centre (CESAC) of Mali from 2011 to 2012. Adult patients infected with HIV and who had recently started ART were included and followed-up clinically Were included in this study, adult patients living with HIV and had recently started ART who were followed up for at least 6 months to determine the incidence of ADRs using Naranjo’s classification scale.Results: During this study, 357 (42.3%) patients presented ADRs (40.1% of our patients (n=338) experienced at least one ADR, and 2.2% (n=19) experienced at least two ADRs). The prevalence of ADRs by organ system was: 45.9% neurological (n=164); 29.4% metabolic (blood chemistry) (n=105); 15.4% hematological (n=55). High probable rate of ADR was observed as indicated by the Naranjo score in 83.7% of the cases. Zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) use was identified as a risk factor for either anaemia or peripheral neuropathy whereas nevirapine (NVP) and female gender were risk factors for skin reactions. Patients with advance disease had the highest rate of ADRs compared to the others.Conclusions: Based on the Naranjo probability scale, our data show that ADRs such as peripheral neuropathy and anemia are very frequent. These ADR was linked to AZT and D4T. Our findings highlight the need for active monitoring, continuous pharmacovigilance of ART and change of some ART drug in this population.
A prospective observational pharmacovigilance study of adverse drug reaction monitoring in patients of tuberculosis receiving category I and II treatment regimens at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kale Monali Raghunath , Baig Mirza Shiraz , Lamb Avinash
Published: April 2019

Background: First line Anti-TB therapy with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol / streptomycin is very effective. However, major adverse reactions to antituberculous drugs can cause significant morbidity and mortality. One of the main reasons for non‑adherence to anti‑TB therapy (ATT) is ADRs, even under DOTS. Present study was carried out in tertiary care hospital. The objective of the study was to evaluate types and frequency of ADRs in intensive and continuation phase of category I and II Anti-TB medication.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in Department of TB- Chest and Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.  All the TB patients reporting at DOTS Center of institute were enrolled and monitored for ADRs. The causality and severity of the reactions were determined using Naranjo algorithm and Hartwig questionnaire.Results: Total, n = 241 tuberculosis patients on DOTS therapy were enrolled for the study. Out of 241 patients, 17 were dropouts so 224 patients assessed for ADRs. 127 (56.69%) developed adverse drug reactions. The higher numbers of ADRs were observed in age group 31-40 yrs followed by 21-30 yrs, ADRs were more common in men.  Pulmonary TB (73.66%) cases were more common than extra pulmonary TB. Majority of adverse drug reactions were Gastrointestinal (GI) problems (30.92%), followed by Liver dysfunction and Hepatotoxicity (20.39%) and skin problems (17.10%). The causality of ADRs, in majority cases were found to be Probable (56.57%). Around 19 patients require treatment interruption and most of the patients were managed with supportive medication without removing anti tubercular drug from regimen.Conclusions: ADRs are major limiting factor for completion of drug therapy under RNTCP and occurrence of drug resistance which requires attention of all health care professionals.
Self medication practices of over the counter analgesic drugs among medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumari Kusum , Toppo Mary Sunita , . Priyanki
Published: April 2019

Background: Self-medication is a very common practice which is gradually spreading all over the world. Analgesics are the most commonly available over the counter (OTC) drugs. They are used for pain relief in many diseases. Use of these analgesics has become a serious ailment because self- medication practices of analgesic drugs are increasing among general population as well as medical students. Being future medical practitioners, self-medication has a special impact in medical students. Various data are available regarding usage of OTC analgesic drugs but still data in Jharkhand are lacking. So, the present study aims to provide an insight into the practice of OTC analgesics among 3rd and 4th year medical students in RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical students in RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand in November-December 2018. Data were collected through  questionnaire filled by the students and results were expressed as percentage frequency.Results: Questionnaire were filled completely by 253 students out of 287 students. 85.8% of males and 90.41% of females were practicing self-medication. Advice from seniors and books were the major source of information about the drugs. Paracetamol was the most common drug used (54.87%) and headache (27.43%) was the most common indication. Mild nature of illness (30.34%) and quick relief (29.10%) were the most common reason of self-medication. About 83.39% of them were using these drugs according to need.50.98% had not felt any side effects. 51.38% students were of  the view that self-medication practices are not always acceptable.Conclusions: Medical students use OTC analgesics for various kinds of pain like headache, muscle pain, menstrual pain etc. They generally use different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) among which paracetamol is the most common. But self-medication practices are always associated with some risks. So, the students must be educated properly regarding their rational use and advantages and disadvantages of OTC drugs.
Antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Das Sayan , Chaware Sanjeevani , Narkar Nimish , Tilak Abhijeet V. , Raveendran Siddhi , Rane Pratik
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be defined as chronic hyperglycemia due to lack in insulin secretion and/or action. This study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum L. with the standard antidiabetic drug, Metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. Standard drug was metformin and test drug were Coriandrum sativum seed extract. 4 groups of 8 rats each were taken (normal control, diabetic control, streptozotocin + Coriandrum sativum and streptozotocin + metformin). Blood Sugar Levels (BSL) and HbA1C levels were estimated on day 0, 14 and 28 and day 28 respectively.Results: Streptozotocin administration resulted in significant rise in BSL. This rise was reduced with the administration of CS seed extract, but the reduction was more with chronic administration. It also reduced the HbA1C levels but couldn’t attain total normoglycemia. However, the reduction of BSL was superior with Metformin compared to the test drug.Conclusions: Oral administration of Coriandrum sativum seed extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg has shown antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thus, Coriandrum sativum may have considerable therapeutic benefit as an antidiabetic agent and can be suggested as a potential dietary add on.
Study of effect of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on exercise induced changes in heart rate, blood pressure and peak expiratory flow rate in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Patel Sumit P. , Shah Rima B.
Published: April 2019

Background: Beta blockers are known to cause attenuation of sympathetic stimulation mediated increase in cardiovascular parameters. Very few studies are available in Indian set-up comparing these changes between different beta blockers available in market. The objective of the study was to compare efficacy and safety of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on heart rare, blood pressure and airway resistance, both at rest and during exercise.Methods: A prospective interventional study was carried out involving 72 healthy volunteers in the clinical pharmacology laboratory. Participants were divided in three groups of 24 each and given single oral doses of propranolol 40 mg, Atenolol 50 mg and celiprolol 40 mg was given to the participants. Exercise given in the form of step ladder test and hand grip dynamometer and effect on the different parameters like HR, SBP, DBP and PEFR were recorded before and immediately after exercise and compared.Results: All the three drugs were effective in attenuating the exercise induced cardiovascular parameters (p <0.05). Drug A cause change in HR, SBP, DBP and PEFR significantly (p <0.05). Change in SBP was more significant with drug B while significant difference was found in HR, SBP and DBP before and after exercise in drug C in both SL and HGD tests. No significant difference was found between the drug groups (p >0.05). No adverse effects were reported in the study participants.Conclusions: All the three drugs are effective in attenuating cardiovascular changes after sympathetic stimulation like exercise and there was no significant difference among them.
Increased beneficial outcome of metformin by co-enzyme Q10 against experimentally-induced hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Eman A. , Elnoury Heba A.
Published: April 2019

Background: Skeletal muscles are susceptible for ischemic reperfusion injury especially in settings in order to achieve homeostasis in traumatic injury and vascular surgery. This study aimed at investigating the implication of induction of diabetes on generation of ischemic reperfusion injury in rat gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, the possible beneficial effect of metformin and co-enzyme q10 was investigated.Methods: About 80 male adult Sprague Dawley rats divided into 10 groups. Metformin was administrated as continuous oral dose for 28 days. Coenzyme q10 was administrated parenterally 2 and 24 hours before induction of ischemia in diabetic and non-diabetic animals.Results: In diabetic ischemic groups, tested drugs either singly or in combination significantly reduce HB1cA and plasma levels of muscle specific enzyme CPK and muscle myokin IL6, raised natural antioxidant GSH and reduced oxidative stress parameters (SOD and MDA), apoptotic (caspase-3) and inflammatory parameters TNF-α and TGFβ were reduced. Continuous oral metformin for 28 days was more powerful than parenteral short-term coenzyme q10 as regards all tested parameters except for GSH and caspase-3 both drugs were equi-effective. Combined drugs have more powerful ameliorating effect than either drug singly except for HB1cA which was equi-effective with that of metformin. Regarding non diabetic ischemic groups, metformin was more powerful in reduction of caspase-3, IL6 and TNF- α while coenzyme q10 was more powerful in elevating GSH.Conclusions: Co-enzyme q10 can be used as add on therapy with metformin in order to decrease the deleterious effects resulted from hind limb ischemia reperfusion in normal and diabetic rats.
Analysis of cost between branded medicines and generic medicines in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: N. Mohith , K. Nalini G. , P. Deepak , N. Sahana G. , Nagaral Jayashree V. , V. Rakshitha B. , R. Divyashree C.
Published: April 2019

Background: There is much debate regarding the importance of promoting the use of cheaper generic alternatives over brand-name drugs. While generic drugs have been noted to be comparable to brand-name drugs in their ability to treat conditions, significant debate surrounding their bioavailability or the concentration of the drug that reaches its site of action has arisen. Many experts continue to believe that generic and brand-name drugs are bioequivalent and equally viable options for effective drug treatment, as assumed in this review.Methods: Prices of commonly used branded and generic medicines in same concentration, dosage form and combination were compared with the help of Indian Drug Review, brochures of pharmaceuticals and pharmacies and Jan Aushadhi price list 2017. Mean of all the prices available of branded and generic medicine were calculated and the percentage difference in the mean costs of generic and branded medicines were calculated.Results: The mean cost of 47 branded medicines out of the selected 50 medicines was higher than their generic versions. Mean cost of 3 generic medicines was higher than branded ones. Percentage difference in the mean costs of branded and generic medicines varied from <10% to >70%.Conclusions: This study has shown a very noteworthy difference of prices between branded and generic drugs. Efforts should be taken to promote the generic medication. Misconception about low efficacy with generic drugs should be erased.
Assessment on awareness of rational prescribing practices among medical interns in a tertiary care hospital: a questionnaire based study
Authors: R. Manasa C. , L. Kalpana , M. Veena R. , H. Lavanya S. , D. Bharath Kumar V.
Published: April 2019

Background: Awareness about rational use of Medicines is required to improve the quality of health care system. Attitude towards rational drug use is also an utmost importance as they constitute the future generation doctors.Methods: A set of 13 questionnaire is given to the interns through an online link to their e-mail which contains informed consent and questionnaires. Respondents has to select the best suitable option and after which the data will be compiled and statistically analyzed.Results: Age of the study participants range from 22-26yrs. Half of them have finished major postings. Almost 96.1 % of them were aware of the term essential drugs. Only 25% of them said that they have NLEMI at work place, 75% of them were aware of the term Rational use of Medicines. Only 32% of them were aware of the term P drugs. 44% of them were aware of STEP criteria for selection of drug and 47% of them were aware of the updated prescribing format. 8% knew the difference between old and new prescription format, 25% of them always prescribe. Almost 82% of them narrate regarding the disease and drug therapy, 31% of them prescribe only generic name.Conclusions: Educational intervention like CME and practical hands on training in Rational use of Medicines would help them in better understanding of the subject and its clinical implications thereby decreasing the prescribing errors.
Analysis of the Association Between Polymorphisms within PAI-1 and ACE genes and Ischemic Stroke Outcome After rt-PA Therapy
Authors: Dušanović Pjević Marija , Beslac Bumbaširevic Ljiljana , Vojvodic Ljubica , Grk Milka , Maksimović Nela , Damnjanović Tatjana , Novaković Ivana , Kačar Katarina , Pesic Milica , Perovic Dijana , Savic Milan , Maksic Veljko , Trickovic Jelena , Jekic Biljana
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Treatment of Ischemic stroke (IS) in acute phase is based on the use of thrombolytic rt-PA therapy. We aimed to determine whether different alleles and genotypes of I/D ACE gene and 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphisms may influence outcome of rt-PA therapy in patients with IS and the occurrence of haemorrhagic transformation (HT). Methods: Our study included 94 consecutive patients with IS treated with rt-PA. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3rd month after IS was used to determine the stroke outcome, with scores 0-1 defining the favourable outcome, and scores 2-6 defining poor outcome. Genotypisation of the ACE-1 I/D polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length analysis. Results: Regarding PAI-I 4G/5G polymorphism, 44 patients (46.8%) were heterozygotes, and the number of 4G/4G and 5G/5G homozygotes was the same – 25 each (26.6%). Number of heterozygotes for the ACE I/D polymorphism was 54 (57.4%), 9 patients (9.6%) had II, and 31 (33%) DD genotypes. A favourable outcome was recorded in 26 (28.0%) and the poor outcome in 67 (72.0%) patients. Favourable and poor outcome groups did not differ significantly in PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE I/D polymorphisms genotype or allele frequencies. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of HT between patients with ACE II and patients with ACE ID or DD genotypes (p=0.035). Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that stroke patients with ACE II genotype, treated with rt-PA, may be at risk of HT.
The Relation Between Mentor-Mentee Relationship and Mentee's Satisfaction: A Survey of Mentoring Program of Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS)
Authors: Najafinejad S , Maghbouli N
Published: April 2019

Introduction Mentoring programs have been planned and executed in Iran particularly in the field of medicine. This study aims to evaluate mentor-mentee relationship in mentoring program at Faculty of Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Science in the 2017-2018 academic year.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on all year one medical student enrolled at TUMS in 2017 who attended in mentoring program as a mentee. Data is collected via self-designed questionnaire.
Result: 210 and 180 persons answered the first and second questionnaire respectively. There was no significant relation between gender of mentor-mentee and features of relationship, although male mentees asked their mentors to visit more than female mentees. (P= 0.000, X ²= 17.62). Significant correlation has been seen between mentee's satisfaction of mentor and any different aspect of mentee's improvement, education (r=0.48) and adaptation to academic environment (r= 0.47). There is not a significant difference in mentees satisfaction between mentees who reached their expectations and mentees who did not (p= 0.758, t= 0.449).
Conclusion: This study shows that planning for preparing an efficient structure for mentor-mentee relationship is important, and recommends paying more attention to support new students by introducing the mentoring program to them.
The Relationship Between Use of Social Networks With Achievement Motivation in Students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Feyzi H , Mohammadi H , Rahmani M , Ahmadi S M
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Social networks are the most important means of communication in the societies as well as in the world.social networks among students is very essential. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the use of social networks with the motivation of academic achievement among students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study 270 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2017-18 were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using demographic information form, social networks questionnaire, and Hermann's academic achievement motivation. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22.
Result: The mean age of the participants was 21.9 ± 3.2 years. In general, the average score of motivation for progress in the samples was 78.0 ± 8.0, indicating that the motivation for academic achievement was high among students. However, the results of the Spearman test showed that there is not a significant statistical relationship between the time spent using virtual social networks and the motivation for academic achievement in students.
Conclusion The results indicate that considering the majority of students are members of social networks, the use of virtual social networks did not affect students' achievement motivation.
B-almost distributive fuzzy lattice
Authors: Assaye Berhanu , Alemneh Mihret , Tefera Gerima
Published: April 2019

The paper introduces the concept of B-Almost distributive fuzzy lattice (BADFL) in terms of its principal ideal fuzzy lattice. Necessary and sufficient conditions for an ADFL to become a B-ADFL are investigated. We also prove the equivalency of B-algebra and B-fuzzy algebra. In addition, we extend PSADL to PSADFL and prove that B-ADFL implies PSADFL.
A comparison of two systems of point-free topology
Authors: Gruszczyński Rafał , Pietruszczak Andrzej
Published: April 2019

This is a spin-off paper to [3, 4] in which we carried out an extensive analysis of Andrzej Grzegorczyk’s point-free topology from [5]. In [1] Loredana Biacino and Giangiacomo Gerla presented an axiomatization which was inspired by the Grzegorczyk’s system, and which is its variation. Our aim is to compare the two approaches and show that they are slightly different. Except for pointing to dissimilarities, we also demonstrate that the theories coincide (in the sense that their axioms are satisfied in the same class of structures) in presence of axiom stipulating non-existence of atoms.
Perfil dos métodos de análise mais usados na avaliação da influência da vegetação na temperatura do ar em ambientes externos no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio Milazzo de , Vasconcellos Virgínia Maria Nogueira de
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um perfil de trabalhos que abordam a influência da vegetação na temperatura do ar em ambientes externos, destacando a situação do suporte físico, o clima analisado e o respectivo método de análise, no Brasil, nas últimas décadas, visando a identificar as características mais recorrentes. Como metodologia, o trabalho compilou e analisou documentos referentes a dissertações, teses e artigos científicos, sobre o tema. Verifica-se que: [1] todos os documentos analisados comprovaram que a temperatura do ar em locais onde há a presença de vegetação é menor que em ambientes onde não há vegetação; [2] a maioria dos estudos adota as medições de campo como principal método de análise; [3] são necessárias mais pesquisas para consolidar a real contribuição da vegetação para o conforto térmico em todos os climas encontrados no Brasil, para diferentes tipos de vegetação, tipos de suporte, quantidade de vegetação e a sua distribuição.
Paisagem no Vale do Rio Doce
Authors: Boghossian Marcela , Victal Jane
Published: April 2019

Em 05 de novembro de 2015 ocorreu um acidente ambiental com o derramamento de rejeitos de mineração ao longo do curso do Rio Doce, numa extensão que percorre aproximadamente 43 municípios dos estados de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo, provocando enormes perdas ambientais, sociais e econômicas que afetaram a vida dos habitantes dessa região. Esse desastre ambiental ocorreu à 2,8 quilômetros do distrito de Bento Rodrigues no município de Mariana/MG, devido ao rompimento da barragem de Fundão da empresa Samarco. Como as consequências ainda não foram totalmente dimensionadas, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação preliminar sobre as implicações urbanas deste desastre ambiental, verificando as vulnerabilidades que este tipo de acidente promove, bem como os impactos socioeconômicos. A análise teve como base o mapeamento geral do vale, o levantamento populacional, de parte do patrimônio Histórico e Ambiental, a comparação do IDHM (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal) dos núcleos urbanos atingidos e, a identificação das mesorregiões e microrregiões abrangidas, estudando a paisagem antes e depois do desastre nas cidades abastecidas pelo rio. Após análise regional concentrou-se de maneira mais detalhada nos municípios de Barra Longa (MG), Mariana (MG) e Governador Valadares (MG), eleitos como casos típicos, porém sem perder a articulação com o restante do vale.
Pelatihan dan Pemberdayaan Wali Siswa dalam Upaya Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Status Gizi Pada Anak
Authors: Octaviana Maulida Nurfazriah , Purwitaningtyas Rizki Yulia
Published: April 2019

Pemberian pelatihan dan pemberdayaan wali siswa  dalam pemberian makanan sehat merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan status gizi pada anak sejak dini. Anak usia dini sangat rentan terserang berbagai macam penyakit terutama yang berasal dari makanan, sehingga diperlukan pengawasan terutama orang tua dalam menyediakan makan untuk anak agar anak-anak tidak mudah terserang penyakit.Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang cara pengolahan makanan yang sehat dan bergizi bagi anak, serta meningkatkan keterampilan dalam menyiapkan atau menyajikan makanan (bekal sekolah anak). Metode kegiatan ini adalah bekerjasama dengan dinas terkait yang sangat berperan dalam menginformasikan diadakannya Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) tentang peningkatan derajat kesehatan status gizi pada anak. Sosialisasi pada wali siswa tentang cara pengolahan makanan dan menyiapakan makanan yang baik. Untuk menunjang keberhasilan PKM melibatkan guru taman kanak-kanak. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan wali siswa cara pengolahan makanan yang sehat dan bergizi bagi anak, bahwa 75% mendapatkan nilai tinggi. Dan meningkatkan keterampilan dalam menyiapkan atau menyajikan makanan (bekal sekolah anak) bahwa 80% wali siswa mendaptkan nilai tinggi. Dengan dilaksanakannya pelatihan dan pemberdayaan walisiswa dapat menerapkan bekal makanan sehat untuk anaknya.

Kata Kunci: Gizi, Pengolahan Makanan, Orang Tua/Wali

Providing training and empowerment for student’s Parents to serve healthy food is necessary to improve the nutrition in children food from an early age. Early childhood is very susceptible to various diseases, especially those from food. It requires supervision, especially parents in providing food for children which is health and has a good nutrition. The purpose of this activity is to increase parents' knowledge about how to process healthy food and nutritious for children, and improve skills in preparing or serving food (children's school supplies). The method of this activity is collaborating with related agencies, such as the Centre of Community Services (PKM) to organize the socialization to student’s Parents/guardians about how to process food and prepare good food. The socialization involves kindergarten teachers. The results of this activity shows that 75% of students’s Parents/guardians, get a higher knowledge about how to process healthy and nutritious food for children, and 80% of students’s Parents/guardians, get high grades for skill on preparing or serving food (children's school supplies).

Keyword: Nutrition, Food Processing, Students’ Parents/Guardians
Sinergitas Pembangunan Tata Ruang Pertahanan Daerah dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Non-Militer di Indonesia
Authors: Alfajri Alfajri , Setiawan Azhari , Wahyudi Herry
Published: April 2019

This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.
Indonesia, ASEAN Centrality and Global Maritime Fulcrum
Authors: Auliya Putri , Sulaiman Yohanes
Published: April 2019

Why Indonesia remains committed to maintain centrality of ASEAN in its Indo-Pacific strategy as a way to deter conflicts, especially in light of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s famous proclamation of “Global Maritime Fulcrum?” The main thrust of “Global Maritime Fulcrum” doctrine is that facing shifting geopolitical and economic power from the West to Asia, Indoneia needed to face the challenge by putting Indonesia’s interest back to the forefront of global political and economic discourse. Yet, by the end of the day, Indonesia remained committed in pushing for the centrality of ASEAN especially in dealing with potential conflicts in the Indo-Pacific region. By stressing the centrality of ASEAN, meaning that Indonesia is attempting to strengthen cooperation between the members of ASEAN and crafting a cooperative regional framework, Indonesia and ASEAN as a whole may be able to reduce the tension due to the clashing interest of the United States and China in Indo-Pacific region.
KAJIAN NILAI EKONOMI SUNGAI TAMBAN MUARA KECAMATAN TAMBAN KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Sopiana Yunita
Published: April 2019

Sungai Tamban Muara merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Barito Kuala yang keberadaan sungai ini menunjang slstem perekonomian daerah. Menurut Fauzi (2006), kontribusl air terhadap pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial sangat vital. Awal peradaban manusia dan lahlmya pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi juga dimulai dari sumber-sumber air, Meningkatnya kemajuan perekonomian, industri, dan juga teknologi berdampak bagi ekosistem Sungai Tamban Muara. Pertumbuhan ekonoml yang tidak berwawasan lingkungan semakin memperparah kerusakan ekosistem sungal tersebut. Jika dlblarkan lebih lama dan tanpa penanganan yang lebih lanjut maka ekosistem Sungai Tamban Muara akan mengalami kerusakan yang semakin parah. Hal ini tidak hanya akan merugikan masyarakat yang tinggal di ekosistem tetapi masyarakat Kota Banjarmasln yang selama ini juga ikut merasakan manfaat dari sungai tersebut. maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung nilai ekonomi (economic value) ekosistem Sungai Tamban Muara di Kecamatan Tamban. Penelitian lnl dilakukan di sungai Tamban Muara, Kecamatan Tamban Kabupaten Barito Kuala tahun 2017, penentuan sampling dilakukan secara tertuju (purposive) dengan mempertimbangkan sungai Tamban Muara sebagai sungai yang mengalir di kecamatan tamban yang berhubungan langsung dengan sungai Martapura di kota Banjarmasin dan pusat jalur perekonomian regional yang sedang berkembang pesat. Pengukuran Nilai Ekonomi terhadap sungal sebagai barang publik berupa nilai ekonomi.
 
Key Words: Sungai Tamban Muara, Nilai Ekonomi Sungai Tamban Muara