bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Physalis peruviana and Application in Wound Healing
Authors: Adongo Odongo Stephen , Oluoch Okumu Fredrick , Omwoma Lugasi Solomon , Opiyo Onani Martin , Gaya Agong Stephen
Published: September 2022

Wound management is key to healing. Poorly managed wounds lead to abnormal biological reactions and complications. Microorganisms, bacteria or fungi, infect such wounds leading to their chronic nature. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) show wound healing properties. In addition, ethnobotanical information from Siaya County in Kenya shows the leaves of Physalis peruviana L. to be effective in wound management. A combination of Au NPs and leave extracts of Physalis peruviana L. through a one pot biogenic synthesis leads to a new effective wound management substance. The synthesis was done at room temperature 25°C and at 85°C. The UV-visible spectroscopy results show efficient sharper plasmon bands with a blue shift indicating a decrease in λ max compared to red shift which show an increase in λ max. The surface plasmon resonance is a sharper at wavelength of about 540 nm. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analysis show that the polydispersity index is high and this is attributed to heterogeneity of chemical components of the plants. Transmission electron microscopy results for Au NPs show similarity in their shapes and sizes with grain size boundaries of between 1 nm and 100 nm. The particles are spherically shaped and crystalline with small lattice due to the small grains. The gold nanoparticles synthesized from Physalis peruviana show antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria and, gram-negative bacteria as well as gram-positive fungus. The inhibition zones for Au NPs of different concentrations vary significantly between concentrations (one-way ANOVA at

P
<
0.05

). The highest antibacterial activity is at 100 mM of Au NPs against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zones for Au NPs at concentration of 100 mM and Physalis peruviana extract vary significantly in all the microbial cells, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one-way ANOVA, F(3,11) = 2.67,

P
=
0.1189

). Application of the Au NPs in wound healing is faster than controls. The Au NPs also have good biocompatibility as signs of infection were not present.
Moth-Flame Optimization for Early Prediction of Heart Diseases
Authors: Haseena S. , Priya S. Kavi , Saroja S. , Madavan R. , Muhibbullah M. , Subramaniam Umashankar
Published: September 2022

Heart disease is among the leading causes of mortality globally. Predicting cardiovascular disease is a major difficulty in clinical data analysis. AI has been demonstrated to be powerful in deciding and anticipating an enormous measure of information created by the health domain. We provide a unique method for finding essential traits employing machine learning approaches in this paper, which enhances the effectiveness of identifying heart diseases. Decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) are the classification techniques used to create the proposed system. Ensemble stacking integrates the four classification models to create a single best-fit predictive model using logistic regression. Many explorations have been directed at the identification of cardiac infection; however, the exactness of the outcomes is poor. Accordingly, to further enhance the efficiency, Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm is proposed. The feature selection strategies are used to improve the classification accuracy while shortening the execution time of the classification system. Medical data are used to assess the probability of heart disease based on BP, age, gender, chest ache, cholesterol, blood sugar, and other variables. Results revealed that the proposed system excelled other existing models, obtaining 99% accuracy in the Cleveland dataset.
Study on the Key Factors of Terminal Mining Line Layout in Repeated Mining of Close-Distance Thick Coal Seams
Authors: He Fulian , Liu Bingquan , Li Liang , Xu Xuhui , Lv Kai , Zhai Wenli , Song Jiayu , Wang Deqiu
Published: September 2022

In order to mater the reasonable layout basis of the terminal mining line position in the repeated mining of close-distance thick coal seams, taking Yan mine as the engineering background, we conducted theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and field measurements to study the action mechanism of the stress arch. The results show that (1) with repeated mining, the shape of the left and right half arches of the stress arch changes in the order of time and space until it is stable; (2) the shape of the stress arch is highly related to the distribution of abutment pressure in the working face. If the shape is unchanged, the distribution of abutment pressure is unchanged; (3) in the final mining stage of repeated mining, when the shape of the right half arch is stable, the difference stagger distance of the terminal mining line has little effect on the distribution of abutment pressure of the working face where the front arch foot is located; (4) when the internal stagger distance between 3216 working face and terminal mining line of 4216 working face is greater than 22 m or the external stagger distance is greater than 30 m, 3216 working face is located in a relatively safe position. This study clarifies the key factors for the layout of terminal mining lines in close-distance thick coal seams, which can provide a scientific basis for similar projects.
Wind Identification of Spinning Projectile Using Improved Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Dingye , Guan Jun , Yi Wenjun , Xia Youran , Wang Kangjian
Published: September 2022

Wind velocity has an important influence on the ballistic characteristics of uncontrolled projectiles. It is difficult to precisely determine the projectile’s impact position if wind velocity information from the projectile’s flight process cannot be collected. A wind velocity identification technique of spinning projectile based on the multiobjective chaotic adaptive differential evolution algorithm is suggested to increase the estimation accuracy of wind velocity and ballistic prediction accuracy during projectile flight. The variation law of projectile aerodynamic characteristics under no wind situation is calculated using the 4D kinematic model of spinning projectile. Three aerodynamic parameter coefficients are chosen as reference variables, three objective functions are defined by mean square error, and the two components of wind velocity along the ground coordinate system are used as decision variables in the identification process. The study identifies the two components, which is based on the multiobjective chaotic adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Several groups of wind velocity identification under constant and variable wind conditions are numerically simulated. The results show that the suggested method can estimate wind velocity effectively and precisely throughout the flight of spinning projectile.
lncRNA HOTTIP Recruits EZH2 to Inhibit PTEN Expression and Participates in IM Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Lin , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Lu , Liu Menghan , Feng Xuefeng , Luo Jianmin
Published: September 2022

Objective. To investigate that HOTTIP suppressed PTEN gene expression and was involved in IM resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia through recruitment of EZH2 protein. Methods. Seventy-one cases of bone marrow monocytes diagnosed with CML in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2018 to 2021 were selected. These patients were diagnosed with CML by bone marrow morphology, immunology, molecular biology, and cytogenetics, of which 36 were sensitive to IM and 35 were resistant to IM. We selected K562 and IR-K562 cells preserved in the laboratory as our subjects to study the expression levels of HOTTIP in the bone marrow cells of IM CML-resistant patients and IM-resistant cells. Results. In this study, we found that HOTTIP was highly expressed in the bone marrow and cell lines of CML patients resistant to Imatinib mesylate (IM). In in vitro experiments, lentiviral knockdown of HOTTIP inhibited CML cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and knockdown of HOTTIP also increased sensitivity to IM. Mechanistically, highly expressed HOTTIP is involved in the biological process of IM resistance by recruiting Zeste homologous protein 2 enhancer (EZH2) to inhibit the expression of phosphatase and Tensin homologous protein (PTEN) genes. Conclusions. We confirmed that HOTTIP and EZH2 are highly expressed in IM-resistant patients and IM-resistant CML cell lines. In CML cell lines, HOTTIP is involved in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of CML cells and resistance to IM.
Multi-omics Uncovering Different Faces of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lheureux Stephanie
Published: September 2022

The diagnosis of clear cell ovarian cancer relies on expert histopathology review. Further characterization from deep genomic and transcriptomic analyses can identify different subgroups. International collaboration is required to define the clinical impact and therapy opportunities in these specific subclassifications.

See related article by Bolton et al., p. 4947
ICBatlas: A Comprehensive Resource for Depicting Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Characteristics from Transcriptome Profiles
Authors: Yang Mei , Miao Ya-Ru , Xie Gui-Yan , Luo Mei , Hu Hui , Kwok Hang Fai , Feng Jian , Guo An-Yuan
Published: September 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy provides remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancer types. Much work is currently being conducted to investigate the mechanisms of ICB therapy at the transcriptional level. Integrating the data produced by these studies will help us give more insight into the transcriptomic features of ICB therapy. We collected the transcriptome and clinical data of ICB-treated patient samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus, ArrayExpress, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and dbGaP databases. On the basis of the clinical information, all samples are initially classified into response/nonresponse or pretreatment/on-treatment groups. Differential expression, pathway enrichment, and immune cell infiltration analyses are performed between the samples from different groups. We also introduce the Response Score (RS) calculated by integrating the variability degree and the frequency of the dysregulated genes in the responders to evaluate the impact of gene expression on the response. Finally, all the abovementioned contents are integrated into the ICBatlas database. ICBatlas provides the transcriptome features of ICB therapy through the analysis of 1,515 ICB-treated samples from 25 studies across nine cancer types. The data in ICBatlas include clinical outcomes, treatment-related genes, biological pathways, and immune cell infiltration. Users can investigate the abovementioned transcriptome features in the response (R vs. NR) or treatment (Pre vs. On) modules at the data set, cancer type, or immune checkpoint level and compare the degree of gene impact on the response in the RS module. ICBatlas is the first database to show the transcriptome features on ICB therapy in human cancers and freely available at http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/ICBatlas/.
Morphometrical Differences among Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma Grade 1, Grade 3, and Serous Carcinoma in Endometrial Liquid-Based Cytology Preparations
Authors: Odashima Hirokazu , Yoshioka Haruhiko , Minami Kouki , Miyakawa Keita , Horie Kayo , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Yanoh Kenji , Watanabe Jun
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In Japan, the direct smearing preparation (conventional preparation) has been widely used for cytological examination of the endometrium. Problems with the conventional preparation can be dissolved by liquid-based cytology (LBC) preparation. The Yokohama System is a method for reporting endometrial cytology, but the system lumps cancers together and does not distinguish between histological types. The objective of this study was to clarify morphometrical differences among endometrial endometrioid carcinoma grade 1 (G1), grade 3 (G3), and serous carcinoma (Serous) by image analysis of endometrial LBC. Methods: Using Papanicolaou smears prepared by LBC after sampling with a brush from 32 G1, 16 G3, and 16 Serous patients, image analysis was performed concerning the following 11 items: (1) number of layers of cluster, (2) area of cluster, (3) perimeter of cluster, (4) roundness of cluster, (5) complexity of cluster, (6) area of nucleus, (7) perimeter of nucleus, (8) roundness of nucleus, (9) complexity of nucleus, (10) area of nucleolus, and (11) nucleolus/nucleus (N/N) ratio. The data were statistically compared among G1, G3, and Serous. Results: Significant differences were observed in the number of layers of cluster (G1<G3G3<Serous), area of nucleus (G1<G3<Serous), area of nucleolus (G1<G3G3, G1>Serous), complexity of cluster (G1<G3, G1<Serous), roundness of nucleus (G1Serous), and N/N ratio (G1>G3, G3<Serous). Conclusion: The number of layers and area of cluster, complexity of cluster, area and complexity of nucleus, area of nucleolus, and N/N ratio were suggested to be useful for the differentiation of histological types among G1, G3, and Serous. Particularly, differences in the number of layers of cluster, size of nucleus, and size of nucleolus among histological types were large and are considered to be potentially effective points of differential diagnosis.
The Effect of Auditory Cues on Static Postural Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zarei Hamed , Norasteh Ali Asghar , King Laurie
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the results related to the effects of auditory cues on static postural control. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until September 2020. Risk of bias was evaluated by both reviewers using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Results: Twelve studies with 403 participants were included in the review and 9 studies with 305 participants in the meta-analysis. Results show that auditory cues have significant effects on postural sway in the anterior-posterior direction (p = 0.001), postural sway in the medial-lateral direction (p = 0.001), and static balance (p = 0.001). A low to high heterogeneity was observed across all comparisons. Conclusions: Results of this meta-analysis revealed that auditory cues decrease postural sway in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction; it also improves static balance. Thus, it can be concluded that auditory cues improve static postural control. Our results suggest that the auditory system can be a determinant of static postural control along with other sensory systems including visual, vestibular, and proprioception systems. Also, this study implies that auditory cues can be a significant therapeutic approach to improve static postural control.
Vancomycin Adsorption during in vitro Model of Hemoperfusion with Mini-Module of HA380 Cartridge
Authors: Lorenzin Anna , de Cal Massimo , Marcello Matteo , Sorbo David , Copelli Sabrina , Ronco Claudio , de Rosa Silvia , Zanella Monica
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is a frequent complication in critically ill patients. Patients may require control of the source of infection, removal of pathogens and damaged cells, and organ support. Often, these targets can be achieved through the utilization of extracorporeal therapies including hemoperfusion for the adsorption of cytokines and other circulating mediators. On extracorporeal organ support, patients are generally treated with antibiotic therapy, and vancomycin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Because of the aspecific nature of adsorption, antibiotics can be removed from the circulation, leading to altered plasma levels and requiring prescription adjustment. The aim was to define the amount of vancomycin adsorbed by a sorbent cartridge (HA380, Jafron, China) during hemoperfusion and to establish possible strategies to maintain an effective plasma level in critically ill patients undergoing extracorporeal therapies. Methods: In vitro experiments with incremental concentrations of vancomycin in the test solution (500 and 1,000 mL) were carried out in a recirculation circuit until sorbent saturation was observed. A maximum of 10 g of vancomycin were injected and mini-modules containing 25 g of dry resin were utilized. Results: In different experiments with various concentration of vancomycin, a maximum amount of 244 mg/g of sorbent was adsorbed reaching saturation between 60 and 80 min from the beginning of the experiments. The kinetics of adsorption appears to be governed by a Langmuir-like isotherm with maximal removal speed in the early minutes and a plateau after 60 min. Discussion/Conclusion: HA380 adsorbs significant amounts of vancomycin. Adjusting the achieved results with the experimental mini-module to a full-scale cartridge, a total of 25 g of antibiotic can be removed. This might have affected outcome results in clinical trials. This suggests prescribing administration to critically ill patients requiring hemoperfusion, immediately after or in the inter-session time window. In case of administration during hemoperfusion, adequate adjustment and plasma level monitoring is strongly recommended.
Changes of Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Expression in an in vitro Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Dani Carlo , Pratesi Simone , Ranieri Giuseppe , Mannaioni Guido , Gerace Elisabetta
Published: September 2022

Background: We recently demonstrated that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) can damage mature and immature organotypic hippocampal slices and induce an oxidative stress similar to what occurs in jaundiced term and preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Objectives: To assess the effects of OGD and UCB on the expression of heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and oxidative stress-related enzymes in an in vitro model of HIE. Methods: Mature and immature organotypic hippocampal slices were exposed to 30-min OGD and to 24 h UCB or UCB plus human serum albumin (HSA). The expression of HO-1, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: In mature slices, OGD did not affect the expression of HO-1 and oxidative stress-induced enzymes. The addition of UCB was associated with the upregulation of HO-1 and Nrf2 that is abolished by the presence of equimolar amount of HSA. In immature slices, OGD induced the downregulation of CAT, GPX, and Nrf2 expression and the addition of UCB further decreased GPX. The addition of UCB and HSA reverted the effects of OGD and UCB on gene expression. Conclusions: In an in vitro model of HIE in term infants, we did not observe neuroprotective changes of the expression of HO-1 and genes involved in antioxidant defenses. Conversely, in an in vitro model of HIE in preterm infants, we observed a harmful decrease of the expression of genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes.
Prevalence and Correlates of Embitterment in a National Representative Sample
Authors: Muschalla Beate
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Embitterment may occur after stressful but normal life events, such as job loss, divorce, or unjust events. Embitterment is a normal affect, but it may become clinically relevant in case it becomes very strong and long-lasting, and impairs daily functioning. Objective: Until now, no epidemiological data on the frequency of high embitterment in the general population have been available. Methods: A national representative survey of 2,531 people was carried out in Germany in 2019. The participants gave ratings for their embitterment due to perceived events (Posttraumatic Embitterment Scale), their psychological capacity profile (Mini-ICF-APP-S), sick leave duration, and sociodemographics. Results: About 11.7% of the investigated representative population report moderate embitterment, and another 3.8% high embitterment. Embitterment was only low correlated with other psychopathology, here work anxiety (r = 0.281**). There are no differences between embittered and nonembittered in respect to age, sex, household members, and professional distribution. Those with the highest embitterment have been unemployed more often and have lower income. At least 7.2% of those with high embitterment have a severe psychological capacity impairment and are in need of support by thirds to fulfill daily duties. In 55% of the 802 who reported a stressful event, injustice by an important person has been reported. Injustice by an institution (14%) or societal injustice (12%) was least often reported as a relevant stressful event. Conclusion: Physicians, therapists, and public health must be aware of embitterment as a specific mental health problem which occurs frequently and may become chronic with work and life participation problems.
Proinflammatory State in the Odontogenesis of Fetuses Exposed to Different Types of Fatty Acids during Pregnancy
Authors: Lebeis Isabella Bortoloto , de Souza Daniel Vitor , Mennitti Lais Vales , Pisani Luciana Pellegrini , Prado Carla Maximo , Ribeiro Daniel Araki
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible changes caused by the maternal ingestion of different types of fatty acids during pregnancy in the proinflammatory state in the odontogenesis of the fetuses. Subject and Methods: Twenty-four jaws (n = 6 per group) of Wistar rats were collected on the 20th day of intrauterine life. Mothers were separated on the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups according to diet, as described below: control group (C) – diet with soy oil as a source of fat; saturated fatty acid group (S) – diet with lard in saturated fatty acids; trans-fatty acid group (T) – diet with vegetable fat, rich in trans-saturated fatty acids; and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group – diet with fish oil, rich in PUFAs. Results: Microscopic analysis showed no alterations in tissue development of the teeth between the groups with different lipid diets (T, S, and PUFA) when compared to the control group (C); immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, SOCS3, and IL-6 showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there were changes (p < 0.05) between the T group and the PUFA group in the expression of JAK2. Conclusion: Thus, lipid consumption in the maternal diet remains a topic to be explored in embryonic development, despite not causing morphological changes to the tooth germ of rats.
Stress Management Methods in Children and Adolescents: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Zisopoulou Triantafyllia , Varvogli Liza
Published: September 2022

Background: Stress is a natural automatic reaction of organisms to challenging or threatening stimuli. Prevalence rates reveal an increasing number of students both in elementary and secondary education suffering from anxiety and other stress-related disorders and illnesses [The Journal of Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;154(3):322–6]. Literature shows a plethora of stress management techniques being used with children and adults to achieve stress reduction and inner peace. This narrative review primarily aimed at summarizing evidence-based relaxation techniques currently used by minors, contrasting them with data from the past and directions for the future. *(Additional content can be found at the bottom page of this review). Summary: Literature research revealed a plethora of stress management techniques, including breathing practices or exercises, meditation, guided imagery, clinical hypnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy, third wave therapies, interpersonal therapies, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, biofeedback training, and mindfulness, that are deemed to be effective to treat stress and a variety of stress-related disorders such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), headaches, abdominal pain, perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain, cancer, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These evidence-based stress management techniques have been successfully employed in various settings such as schools, waiting rooms, dental offices, or inpatient settings. Key Messages: Stress management techniques used by children and adolescents are important to reduce anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms, improve social skills, reduce stress-related physical pain, and achieve academic improvement across settings and diagnoses.
Does Sickle Cell Disease Protect against HIV Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nwagha Theresa Ukamaka , Ugwu Angela Ogechukwu , Nweke Martins
Published: September 2022

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether sickle cell disease (SCD) protects against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by determining the association between SCD and the incidence and virulence of HIV infection. Methods: This is a systematic review that used MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete as data sources. Articles describing the relationship of SCD with HIV infection were included in this review. The effect measures were converted to correlation coefficients and synthesized accordingly to examine the putative protective role of SCD against HIV infection. Independent full-text screening and data extraction were conducted on all eligible studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. We employed a random-effects model of meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence. We computed Cochrane’s Q statistics, I2, and prediction interval to quantify effect size heterogeneity. Results: SCD reduces the risk of HIV infection by 75% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25; r = −0.36, p < 0.001; I2 = 71.65). There was no publication bias (Egger’s t value = 0.411; p = 0.721). Similarly, risk of HIV virulence was reduced by 77% (OR = 0.23; r = −0.38; p < 0.001; I2 = 63.07). The mechanisms implicated in the protective influence of SCD include autosplenectomy, reduced CCR5 expression, and increased expression of heme and iron-regulated genes. Conclusions: SCD appears to protect against HIV infection and slows HIV progression.
Imagens de Amor de Mãe: quadriculamentos e escapatórias
Authors: Fischer Sandra , Vaz Aline
Published: September 2022

O estudo discute enquadramentos/quadriculamentos na telenovela Amor de Mãe, analisando a imagética de vínculos/convívios familiares, a labilidade com que se articulam entre paisagens anestésicas/espaços estésicos e os intercâmbios entre ficção e realidade. Examinam-se, em tal contexto: (1) efeitos de sentido e brechas sensíveis facultativas de apropriações estésicas; e (2) escapatórias que possibilitam a corpos ativos assumirem disposições afetivas e sustentarem relações sinestésicas. Conclui-se que os enquadramentos que dão a ver personagens quadriculadas em práticas cotidianas estruturadas a partir de apresamentos revelam, não obstante, fissuras que permitem a construção de saídas físicas e simbólicas.
Nguni Bare Nouns: Licensing without Case
Authors: Carstens Vicki
Published: September 2022

Nguni bare or augmentless ([−A]) nominals are licit only as strict negative dependents and wh-words. They may not appear in a preverbal subject position unless local to a negation-licensed [−A] complementizer of a subjunctive clause (Pietraszko 2021). This pattern motivates an analysis in terms of negative concord and a labeling theory approach to the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) (Chomsky 2013): [−A] nouns have uninterpretable negation features that thwart agreement and labeling in [XP, YP] configurations (see also Bošković 2019, 2020 on uninterpretable features and labeling problems) unless valued by interpretable negation in a syntactic Agree relation (Zeijlstra 2008, Haegeman and Lohndal 2010, Penka 2011). A cluster of further distributional restrictions on [−A] nominals are predictable from an independently motivated Nguni clausal topography of focus (Carstens and Mletshe 2016), eliminating any role for abstract Case in explaining the facts, contra Halpert 2015 and Pietraszko 2021. The analysis is inspired by and extends to parallel restrictions in Romance languages previously attributed to the Empty Category Principle and the EPP (Contreras 1986, Longobardi 1994, Déprez 2000, Landau 2007).
Cytotaxonomy of the endemic Karst and Danxia ferns in Adiantum (Pteridaceae)
Authors: WANG AI-HUA , YU XIAO-LING , MA XIAO-DONG , YAN YUE-HONG , WANG FA-GUO , CHEN HONG-FENG
Published: September 2022

Chromosome traits may differ between closely related ferns growing in different geological landscapes. Adiantum series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) includes six species, of which, five species are exclusively distributed in Karst landforms, and one, Adiantum juxtapositum, grows on Danxia landform. Additionally, there are some populations or individuals whose morphology are between different species, which may be the results of polyploidization or hybridization. Here we studied chromosome numbers of species in series Gravesiana primarily using crosiers. Results are: A. longzhouensis and A. juxtapositum were diploids with 2n = 60 and 2n = 64, respectively; A. dentatum was deduced to be diploids with 2n = ca. 60; A. mariesii had two cytotypes, 2n = 60 (diploid) and 2n = ca. 120 (tetraploid), respectively; A. gravesii had four cytotypes including 2n = ca. 60 (diploid), ca. 120 (tetraploid), ca. 150 (pentaploid), and ca. 180 (hexaploid). All these different cytotypes suggest polyploidization and hybridization have occurred in A. gravesii and A. mariesii, so we treated these two species as two “complex group”. All chromosome numbers in this study are the first record.
Two new softnose skates of the genus Brochiraja (Rajoidei: Arhynchobatidae) from the deepwater slopes and banks of the Norfolk Ridge (South-West Pacific)
Authors: LAST PETER R. , SÉRET BERNARD
Published: September 2022

Two new species of the softnose skate genus Brochiraja are described based on material collected from the Norfolk Ridgein the northern Tasman Sea (South-West Pacific). Most of this material was collected in 2003 by the New Zealand vessel,RV Tangaroa, during the NORFANZ voyage. These species extend the known range of the genus northward along theNorfolk Ridge, and along with B. aenigma, are the only other representatives of the genus found outside seas adjacentNew Zealand. Brochiraja heuresa sp. nov. is known from the western Norfolk Ridge and the Wanganella Bank at 870–1350 m depth, whereas B. vittacauda sp. nov. is known from a smaller area of the western Norfolk Ridge at 629–973 mdepth. These species differ from each other, and from other nominal members of the genus, in morphometrics, meristics, coloration and squamation.
Calliaxina chalmasii (Brocchi, 1883) comb. nov. (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae: Eucalliacinae), a ghost shrimp from the Middle Miocene of Europe, with reappraisal of the fossil record of Eucalliacinae
Authors: HYŽNÝ MATÚŠ
Published: September 2022

A detailed study of chelipeds of two Middle Miocene burrowing ghost shrimp taxa, Callianassa chalmasii Brocchi, 1883,and Callianassa rakosiensis Lőrenthey, 1897, based on isolated propodi revealed that they are conspecific—the latterspecies is based on the minor cheliped of the former species. Material coming from several roughly coeval localities ofAustria (early 'Badenian'), Hungary (late 'Badenian') and Slovakia (early 'Sarmatian') provided sufficient data forredescription of C. chalmasii and its reassignment to the genus Calliaxina (subfamily Eucalliacinae). As such it is the firstrecognized representative of the genus in the fossil record. It is argued that for the Eucalliacinae, the following featuresare diagnostic: a square P1 manus usually converging distally, the presence of a ridge on the lateral surface at the base offixed finger, and a relatively short fixed finger, often with a triangular tooth. For reliable generic assignment within the Eucalliacinae both chelipeds (propodi), major and minor, should be present.
Two new species of geckos from Honduras and resurrection of Sphaerodactylus continentalis Werner from the synonymy of Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus Hallowell (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonoidea, Sphaerodactylidae)
Authors: MCCRANIE JAMES R. , HEDGES S. BLAIR
Published: September 2022

We performed a morphological and molecular study on various Honduran populations of the Sphaerodactylusmillepunctatus complex. As a result, we resurrect S. continentalis from the synonymy of S. millepunctatus and describetwo new species from the Islas de la Bahía. Our results also suggest the possibility that other cryptic species might occur in our concept of S. continentalis.
A review of the genus Rhimphoctona Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians, with a key to European species
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: September 2022

Seven species of Rhimphoctona Förster, 1869: R. longicauda Horstmann, 1980, R. megacephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829), R. obscuripes (Holmgren, 1860), R. pectoralis (Kriechbaumer, 1890), R. rufocoxalis (Clément, 1924), R. teredo (Hartig, 1847), R. xoridiformis (Holmgren, 1860) are recorded from the Ukrainian Carpathians. All species, except R. megacephalus, are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. The following synonymy is established: Rhimphoctona pectoralis = R. maiator Aubert, 1986 syn. nov. An illustrated key to all European Rhimphoctona species is provided.
The taxonomy of Catocala nupta (Linnaeus, 1767) and its allies, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: BORTH ROBERT J. , KONS, JR. HUGO L. , SALDAITIS AIDAS , GALL LAWRENCE F.
Published: September 2022

The taxonomy of the Catocala nupta (L.), 1757 complex is analyzed using corresponding characters of the male genitalia, wing pattern, and COI 5' mitochondrial DNA, and is presently found to contain only two additional species: Catocala concubia Walker, [1858], and a new species Catocala benedeki described herein. Three new lectotypes are designated, and 12 status changes for existing names are introduced (10 new synonyms, 2 revised statuses).
Taxonomic review of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: OTA RENATA R. , CARVALHO FERNANDO R. , PAVANELLI CARLA S.
Published: September 2022

A taxonomic review of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group is presented, with recognition of six valid species. In Central America, H. panamensis was restricted to the drainages of both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Panama; H. savagei was recorded at the río Pírris and río Térraba, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and Hyphessobrycon bussingi, new species, described from the río Sixaola basin, Atlantic coast of Costa Rica, and from the río Changuinola, río Guarumo and río San San, Atlantic coast of Panama. At trans-andean South America, H. columbianus was recorded at the río Acandí, Colombia, and its geographical distribution was extended into the coastal drainages in San Blas province, Panama; H. condotensis was recorded at the río Atrato, río Baudó, lower río Magdalena and río San Juan basins, Colombia, while H. sebastiani was considered as its junior synonym. Hyphessobrycon daguae was revalidated, erected to the specific level, considered as senior synonym of H. chocoensis, and recorded from the río Dagua, río Patía and río Telembí basins, in Colombia, the río Mira, at the border between Colombia and Ecuador, and the río Cayapas, río Mataje, and río Santiago, in Ecuador. Color pattern and secondary sexual characters (e.g. number, arrangement and shape of hooks in mature males) suggest that the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group is a putatively monophyletic lineage.
Contributions to knowledge of Arthrobrachus Solier,1849 (Coleoptera: Melyridae). A redescription of Arthrobrachus forsteri Wittmer, 1958 and A. longipilis Pic, 1919
Authors: ESTRADA M. PATRICIA
Published: September 2022

The study of the types of Arthrobrachus forsteri and A. longipilis, the last two pending revision until now, allows to recognize them as valid species of the genus Arthrobrachus. With this the number of valid species of the genus is 20. In this paper, both taxa are redescribed alongside their distribution data.
A new species of the genus Verilus (Teleostei, Percomorpha, Acropomatidae) from Brazil
Authors: SCHWARZHANS WERNER W. , MINCARONE MICHAEL M. , VILLARINS BÁRBARA T.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Acropomatid fish, Verilus costai sp. nov., is described from a single locality off Belmonte, State of Bahia, Brazil. It resembles Verilus pseudomicrolepis (Schultz, 1940) from the Caribbean Sea. The two are considered vicariant and they are interpreted to be separated from other species of the genus Verilus by (amongst other characters) the presence of fangs on the dentary (vs. only villiform teeth), the anal fin formula (II+9 vs. III+7) and the naked occiput (vs. scaled). However, formal establishment of a separate genus is postponed until a complete phylogenetic review of the family has been performed. Verilus costai can be distinguished from V. pseudomicrolepis by its higher number of gill rakers (27–31 vs. 21–25), lower number of pseudobranchial filaments (15–23 vs. 21–28), shorter snout length (8.2–11.3 vs. 11.3–13.4 % of SL), and more compressed otoliths (OL:OH = 1.3–1.35 vs. 1.35–1.5). In addition, the fossil otolith-based species Verilus mutinensis (Bassoli, 1906) from the late Miocene to middle Pleistocene of the Mediterranean is thought to be related and indicates that in the past this group was more widely distributed than nowadays and comprised more vicariant species.
A new potentially endangered limestone-associated Bent-toed Gecko of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex from northern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: WOOD PERRY L. JR. , GRISMER L. LEE , MUIN MOHD ABDUL , ANUAR SHAHRUL , OAKS JAMIE R.
Published: September 2022

A survey of a limestone forest at Gunung Baling, Kedah, West Malaysia lead to the discovery of an undescribed species of Bent-toed Gecko from the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex. Cyrtodactylus evanquahi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species in the C. pulchellus complex by a suite of morphological and color pattern characteristics: prominent tuberculation, higher number of dark body bands, and a smaller maximum SVL. It is further differentiated from all other species as follows; no tubercles on the ventral surface of the forelimbs, gular region, or in the ventrolateral folds; 31–34 paravetebral dorsal tubercles; 18–23 longitudinal rows of tubercles; 29–33 ventral scales; 22–23 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 32–36 femoroprecloacal pores; a shallow precloacal groove in males; body bands and nuchal loop edged with a thin white line bearing tubercles; no scattered white spots on the dorsum; six or seven dark body bands much thinner than interspaces; 9–11 dark caudal bands on original tail; bands on the original tail separated by immaculate white caudal bands. It is further differentiated by an uncorrected pairwise genetic divergence of 6.50–15.67% from all other congeners in the C. pulchellus complex. It is most closely related to C. pulchellus from Penang Island ∼76 km to the southwest. In addition to the new samples from Gunung Baling, we added four samples of C. bintangrendah from the new locality of Belukar Semang, Perak. The discovery of yet another new species of the C. pulchellus complex from a limestone habitat continues to underscore the high degree of endemism and the importance of these unique habitats for biodiversity, and the continued need for their conservation.
State of the Climate in 2021
Authors: Blunden J. , Boyer T.
Published: September 2022

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate in 2021 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
First Detection of the Pekeris Internal Global Atmospheric Resonance: Evidence from the 2022 Tonga Eruption and from Global Reanalysis Data
Authors: Watanabe Shingo , Hamilton Kevin , Sakazaki Takatoshi , Nakano Masuo
Published: September 2022

We used observations and model simulation to examine the atmospheric pulses that dominate the far field in the hours after the January 2022 Tonga eruption. We analyzed radiance observations taken from the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite and showed that both a Lamb wave front with the expected horizontal phase speed ∼315 m s−1 and a distinct front with phase speed ∼245 m s−1 can be detected. The slower phase speed is consistent with that expected for the global internal resonant mode that had been proposed by Pekeris in 1937 and in other idealized theoretical studies over the past century, but which had never been detected in the atmosphere. A simulation of the eruption aftermath was performed with a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. A hot anomaly over the volcano location was introduced instantaneously to the model fields and the model was integrated for another 12 h. This produced a simulated wave pulse that, in the far field, agreed reasonably well with barograph observations of the Lamb wave. The model results also showed the presence of the slower pulse and that this disturbance had a vertical structure with a 180° phase shift in the stratosphere, in agreement with the theoretical prediction for the internal resonant mode. An implication is that the continuously ringing Lamb wave global normal modes that have been seen in analyses of long observational records ought to have lower-frequency internal Pekeris mode counterparts, a prediction that we confirm though analysis of 67 years of hourly global reanalysis data.

Significance Statement

Our demonstration that both a surface-trapped Lamb wave and a slower horizontal phase speed internal Pekeris wave can be realized as normal modes of the global atmosphere resolves a very long-standing and fundamental issue in dynamical meteorology. Our result also has broader implications. The 2022 Tonga eruption produced a surprisingly large ocean tsunami even in a remote ocean basin, and it is possible that the slower atmospheric Pekeris mode can play a role in exciting the remarkable ocean response. Also the spectral peaks seen in atmospheric variability corresponding to the Pekeris normal mode provide features for comparison with global model simulations of the atmosphere, along with the Lamb modes detected in earlier studies.
Detection of Sea Surface Temperature Fronts from SAR Images
Authors: Zhao Li , Xie Tao , Perrie William , Ma Ming , Yang Jingsong , Bai Chengzu , Danielson Rick
Published: September 2022

Sea surface temperature (SST) fronts are important for fisheries and marine ecology, as well as upper-ocean dynamics, weather forecasting, and climate monitoring. In this paper, we propose a new approach to detect SST fronts from RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR images, based on the correlation of SAR-derived wind speeds using the gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) approach. Due to the large differences between the correlation of wind speeds for SST fronts compared to other areas, SST fronts can be detected by the threshold method. To eliminate small-scale features (or noise), the 30 km scale is used as the length threshold for the detection of the SST fronts. The proposed method is effective when wind speeds are between 3 and 13 m s−1. The overall accuracy of our method is about 93.6%, which is sufficient for operational applications.
Evaluation of Turbulence and Dispersion in Multiscale Atmospheric Simulations over Complex Urban Terrain during the Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign
Authors: Wiersema David J. , Lundquist Katherine A. , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Katopodes Chow Fotini
Published: September 2022

This paper evaluates the representation of turbulence and its effect on transport and dispersion within multiscale and microscale-only simulations in an urban environment. These simulations, run using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with the addition of an immersed boundary method, predict transport and mixing during a controlled tracer release from the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This work extends the results of a recent study through analysis of turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence spectra and their role in accurately simulating wind speed, direction, and tracer concentration. The significance and role of surface heat fluxes and use of the cell perturbation method in the numerical simulation setup are also examined. Our previous study detailed the model development necessary for our multiscale simulations, examined model skill at predicting wind speeds and tracer concentrations, and demonstrated that dynamic downscaling from mesoscale to microscale through a sequence of nested simulations can improve predictions of transport and dispersion relative to a microscale-only simulation forced by idealized meteorology. Here, predictions are compared with observations to assess qualitative agreement and statistical model skill at predicting wind speed, wind direction, tracer concentration, and turbulent kinetic energy at locations throughout the city. We also investigate the scale distribution of turbulence and the associated impact on model skill, particularly for predictions of transport and dispersion. Our results show that downscaled large-scale turbulence, which is unique to the multiscale simulations, significantly improves predictions of tracer concentrations in this complex urban environment.

Significance Statement

Simulations of atmospheric transport and mixing in urban environments have many applications, including pollution modeling for urban planning or informing emergency response following a hazardous release. These applications include phenomena with spatial scales spanning from millimeters to kilometers. Most simulations resolve flow only within the urban area of interest, omitting larger scales of turbulence and regional influences. This study examines a method that resolves both the small and large-scale flow features. We evaluate simulation accuracy by comparing predictions with observations from an experiment involving the release of a tracer gas in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, with emphasis on correctly modeling turbulent fluctuations. Our results demonstrate the importance of resolving large-scale flow features when predicting transport and dispersion in urban environments.
Is Climate Change Migration an Adjustment to Extreme Weather Events? A Study on the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mozharul
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the internal migration of fishers from coastal communities of Bangladesh in response to extreme weather events. It also assesses the vulnerabilities to extreme weather events of these coastal areas, in general, and of targeted fishing communities, in particular. This qualitative study employs a combination of methods, semistructured interviews and observations, in two villages located in the eastern part of Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. The results indicate that the participants of the study are susceptible to the vulnerability of extreme weather events due to their households’ socioeconomic and geographical location. This study shows that most people from the fishing communities do not migrate to other places to escape from the vulnerabilities as they have high dependency on fish-related activities. Also, there are various socioeconomic and cultural factors that hinder their migration, including the Mohajon–Dadon system, migration costs, lack of skills and resources, and fear of income insecurity. Instead of migrating, they develop their own traditional adaptation mechanisms to ensure their survival. These people remain underrepresented and are not adequately recorded in national or regional migration data.