bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyses Of The Hydrologic Performance Of Bioretention Facilities
Authors: Alinaghian Seyed Amirali
Published: June 2021

Due to urbanization, and replacing natural pervious lands by impermeable surfaces, the patterns of rainfall-runoff are altered and thus, negatively influence natural water systems regarding both water quantity and water quality.
Bioretention as an efficient LID practice has received significant interest in the recent years. Bioretention practice due to its advantages can be considered as one of the most promising LID practices that maintains the fundamental hydrologic functions in a natural environment and can be integrated into neighborhood landscaping. The primary objective of the current study is analyzing the effects of inflow and outflow characteristics on right-of-way (roadside) bioretention facilities. Inlet and outlet flow hydrographs under several design storm conditions were examined. After the formulation of a SWMM model (node and link plus LID), numerical experiments including sensitive analysis will be designed to simulate and investigate the runoff control performance of a right-of-way bioretention facility. The effective length of the bioretention was found by FLOW3D software (finite element). The performance of the bioretention cell with the effective lengths (12 &16m) reinvestigated and results compared to original bioretention cell
Working life in Canada, 1890–1930: rehousing the Edith Sarah Watson albums at the Art Gallery of Ontario
Authors: Steel Avery
Published: June 2021

The Edith S. Watson albums, held in the photography collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO), are a collection of 16 scrapbook style photographic albums that contain 1,070 gelatin silver prints created by Edith Watson and dated from 1890 to 1930. This thesis project explores a method of rehousing photographic albums with a focus on preserving the albums’ structure, the photographs, and the tactile experience of viewing an album, as well as facilitating access to these albums within the AGO’s collection through the creation of facsimile albums. My thesis will be divided into three sections: first, I assess the historical significance and the condition of the albums; second, I examine three case studies, each an album dated from the late 19th to early 20th century and held in different institutions; third, I summarize the method of preservation and outline the steps for the rehousing of the Edith Watson albums.
Integrated uncertainty techniques in aircraft derivative design optimization.
Authors: Park Hyeong-Uk
Published: June 2021

Aircraft manufacturing companies have to consider multiple derivatives to satisfy various market requirements. They modify or extend an existing aircraft to meet the new market demands while keeping the development time and the cost to a minimum. Many researchers have studied the derivative design process, but these research considered the baseline and the derivatives together, while using the whole set of design variables. Therefore, an efficient process that can reduce the cost and the time for the aircraft derivative design is needed. In this dissertation, Aircraft Derivative Design Optimization process (ADDOPT) was developed which obtains the global changes from the local changes in the aircraft design to develop the aircraft derivatives efficiently. The sensitivity analysis was implemented to ignore design variables that have low impact on the objective function. This avoids wasting computational effort and time on low priority variables for design requirements and objectives. Additionally, the classification of uncertainty from its characteristics and sources of uncertainty involved in the aircraft design process were suggested to consider with design optimization. Uncertainty from the fidelity of analysis tools was applied in design optimization to increase the probability of optimization results. To handle uncertainty in low fidelity analysis tools on aircraft conceptual design optimization, Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO) and Possibility Based Design Optimization (PBDO) methods were performed.

In this research, Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (eFAST) method was implemented in ADDOPT for Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) method and Collaborative Optimization (CO) based framework with RBDO and PBDO were also used. These methods were evaluated using numerical examples. ADDOPT was carried through on the civil jet aircraft derivative design. The objective of the optimization problem was to increase cruise range while satisfying the requirement such as the number of passengers. The proposed process reduced computation effort by reducing the number of design variables and achieved the target probability of failure when considering uncertainty from low fidelity analysis tools.
Evaluation methods of dynamic flexible transportation systems
Authors: Djavadian Shadi
Published: June 2021

With advances in mobile technologies, social networks and global positioning (GPS) in the digital world, alternative mobility systems (taxis, carpool, demand-responsive services, peer-to-peer ridesharing, carsharing) have garnered interest from both public and private sectors as potential solutions to address last mile problem in public transit. Although there are number of models to optimize flexible or dynamic transit operations there has not been any methodology to evaluate equilibrium demand and effect on social welfare for these systems in an integrated supply-demand context. This study lays the groundwork for studying the equilibrium of these systems, and proposes an agent-based adjustment process to evaluate the properties of a stable sate as an agent-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). Four sets of experiments are conducted: (1) illustration with a simple 2-link network, (2) evaluation of a dynamic dial-a-ride policy, and (3 &4) illustration using real data from Oakville, Ontario & Manhattan, NY. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed model with multiple sample populations can generate an invariant distribution of demand and welfare effects and it can effectively be used to measure the effect of changes in flexible transport services operation policies on ridership. Moreover, this study also explores flexible transport services as two-sided markets, and extends the proposed agent-based day-to-day adjustment process to include day-to-day adjustment of the service operator(s) as a two-sided market. Additional computational experiments and a case study are conducted. Findings confirm the existence of thresholds from which network externalities cause two-sided and one-sided market equilibria to diverge. The Ramsey pricing criterion is used for social optimum to show that perfectly matched states from the proposed day-to-day process are equivalent to a social optimum. A case study using real data from Oakville, Ontario, as a first/last mile problem example demonstrates the sensitivity of the two-sided day-to-day model to operating policies.
A realist evaluation of the aboriginal alcohol and drug worker program for urban aboriginal people
Authors: Davey Caitlin Joy
Published: June 2021

Background: There is limited research evaluating addictions programs for Aboriginal people in urban contexts. Objective: The current project aimed to fill this gap by conducting an evaluation of the Aboriginal Alcohol and Drug Worker Program (AADWP), offered at Friendship Centres in Ontario. Methods: A realist approach was used to evaluate the AADWP. Client-targeted focus groups and staff questionnaires were conducted to develop preliminary theories regarding how, for whom and under what circumstances the program helps or does not help clients. Individual interviews were then conducted with clients and caseworkers to test these theories.

Results: Mechanisms through which clients achieved their goals were related to client needs, trust, cultural beliefs, willingness, self-awareness, and self-efficacy. Clients’ goals related to sobriety status, renewing relationships, cultural connection and mental health. Client. Staff and setting characteristics were found to moderate development of mechanisms and outcomes. Results were congruent with existing literature.
Inductive power transmission through printed sprial coils for seizure application
Authors: Kalbasi Amin
Published: June 2021

This thesis proposes a realistic model for transcutaneous inductive power link for seizure applications using PSCs (Printed Spiral Coils). The benefit of this model is smaller size implanted coil compared to its counterparts while maintaining high loaded system efficiency. The introduced Printed Spiral Coil (PSC) geometric parameters are achieved using MATLAB that searches for the highest efficiency of the inductive coil within the given constraints. The output from the MATLAB simulation is used to created optimum design in AMDSpro tool and is verified. The outer diameter of the implanted coil is introduced to be d₀₂ = 6mm while the simulated efficiency is calculated as η [subscript] sim = 46.67% operating at f [subscript] sim = 2.52MHz for the relative distance of D = 10mm filled with layers of modeled human skull (Outer Compact Layer, Spongiosum, and Inner Compact Layer). The coupling coefficient of the spiral was calculated to be k = 0.69. The implanted PSC is associated with load capacitance and resistance of R [subscript] L = 4.5Ω and C [subscript] L = 95nf.
Making (shelf) space for VHS: AGFA and the preservation of genre film access copies
Authors: Abouaccar Adam
Published: June 2021

This masters research project, All Kinds of People, All Kinds of Ways, proposes that gender is a constructed concept produced by colonial, capitalist, and patriarchal structures. This is illustrated through a three-channel video installation of the same name that utilizes conversations with two-spirit, Anishinaabe participants whose traditions express the fluidity of gender identity. The research done in this paper further supports these discussions through an analysis of feminist and queer theory, as well as a look at various cultures around the world that have similar understandings of non-fixed gender.
Effect Of Co-Digestion Of Source Separated Organics And Manure On Methane Production
Authors: Sevak Devarshi
Published: June 2021

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) is more advantageous than conventional mono-digestion, because of higher gas production rate. This study was aimed to study the effect of mixture ratio in codigestion of manure and source separated organics (SSO) in mesophilic condition.
Manure and SSO at different mixture ratios of 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9 on a volumetric basis were used to determine the effect of the mixture ratios on methane production in biomethane potential assay (BMP). Results showed that co-digestion of SSO and manure at the ratio of 1:9 (V/V) resulted in the highest biomethane production rate of 46 mL CH4 /day. In comparison, the maximum methane production rate for anaerobic digestion of manure alone was 43 mL CH4 /day. When manure is mixed with SSO at a ratio of 5:5, about 15% higher cumulative methane production has been achieved. This research also verified the advantages of co-digestion over mono-digestion.

Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, Co-digestion, Source Separated Organics (SSO), Manure
Era of exploration and new topographics : annotated bibliographies of two landmark exhibitions
Authors: Roger Jennifer
Published: June 2021

In 1975, two landscape photography exhibitions were held concurrently in upstate New York; Era of Exploration: The Rise of Landscape Photography in the American West, 1860-1885, at Buffalo's Albright-Knox Art Gallery and New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-altered Landscape, at the International Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House, in Rochester (now The George Eastman International Museum of Photography and Film). Era of Exploration treated nineteenth-century landscapes of the American West while New Topographics addressed contemporary landscape practices. Though applying fundamentally different approaches to their subject matter, each exhibition proved to be extremely important to the understanding and development of not only landscape photography, but also the genre's place in photographic history. This thesis examines the essential literature relating to these two landmark exhibitions, through the construction of two extensive annotated bibliographies. Each bibliography comprises nine sections that present and evaluate significant materials, published both before and after the exhibition, relating to the exhibitions and their publications, the included photographers, and the exhibitions' influence as revealed in subsequent specialized studies and general histories of photography. The bibliographies' chronological listing allows readers to re-construct the exhibitions, and to trace the development of historical and curatorial interest in the exhibitions, the photographers, and American western landscape photography. The thesis describes the process of compiling and annotating this literature and offers reflections on how these two important exhibitions, while employing very different curatorial approaches, influenced the aesthetics, methodologies and concepts of landscape photography.
The barriers faced by recent immigrant women in Hamilton and Toronto's rental housing markets
Authors: Lawrence Ashley Gail
Published: June 2021

The overall purpose of this paper is to add to the existing body of literature on the housing situation and needs of recent immigrant households by placing the unique experiences of recent immigrant women at the centre of the study. It will begin with a review of the existing literature on immigration and housing, with a particular focus on the barriers facing newcomers in the rental housing market. Based on data from Statistics Canada, the Longitudinal Study of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), studies conducted by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and interviews with persons with demonstrated knowledge of the barriers facing newcomer women searching for adequate, suitable and affordable housing, this paper aims to provide an overview of the difficulties that many newcomer women face in their search for and retention of housing in Hamilton and Toronto. It also includes a series of recommendations addressing some of these barriers.
Design, analysis and testing of a radial-axial hybrid active force compliant tool head for deburring turbine engine parts
Authors: Petz Brian A.
Published: June 2021

In this thesis, a new concept and design is presented for a tool with the purpose of deburring gas turbine engine parts. This new concept utilizes both axial and radial active force compliance to accomplish the burr removal in a more robust manner. The axial and radial components are integrated in a manner that allows them to be decoupled, reducing the complexity of the system. The tool is designed around a pneumatic spindle that is affixed to pneumatic axial actuators. The axial motion system is then affixed to the radial system which makes use of a 2 axis rotary gimbal, acting as a 2-D pivot. Sensors for the axial and radial components of the tool are independent of each other. Axial sensing is accomplished using a commercial string-potentiometer and radial sensing is accomplished using magnets and magnetic field sensors. Burr formation and methods of removal are discussed. Different deburring tool designs available commercially and through literature are then explored. The design process of selecting axial and radial actuation and sensing and integrating them together while keeping the systems decoupled is outlined. Modeling of the tool is then developed and a simulation of the tool is presented to illustrate the deburring mechanics of the decoupled axial and radial components. Experimentation to determine the stiffness qualities of the tool as well as calibration of the sensors are presented and used within the simulation.
Modelling the fate of a larviciding chemical, methoprene, at drainage systems
Authors: Sze Kevin
Published: June 2021

With the recent occurance of mosquito-borne West Nile Virus (WNV) in Canada, the City of Toronto and the surrounding municipalities have undertaken the larviciding program to control mosquitoes during the summer months. The larviciding chemical, methoprene, can be incorporated in clay pellets or chalks which sink to the bottom of a catch basin sump. The main concern is whether or not the methorprene pellets or chalks will still be in a catch basin sump or to be flushed out during storm events. The objective of this thesis is to develop a water quality model, which is based on surface hydrology, mass balance and hydraulic characteristics of flushing at catch basin, in order to predict residual concentration of methoprene at catch basins and storm sewer outfalls. The findings of the research and all information from other contributing parties are expected to contribute to our understanding of the fate of methoprene at catch basins and storm sewer outfalls and improve the mosquito larviciding program in the Greater Toronto Area.
Modelling of tall-structure lightning return-stroke current using the Electromagnetic Transients Program
Authors: Rahimian Emam Mohammadsadegh
Published: June 2021

The main aim of this PhD work is to advance tall-structure lightning return-stroke current modelling. The Alternative Transients Program (ATP), a version of the Electromagnetic Transients program (EMTP), is used to model the lightning current distribution within a tall structure and the attached lightning channel. The tall structure, namely the CN Tower, is modeled as three or five transmission line sections connected in series. The lightning channel is represented by a transmission line with a continuously expanding length. The presented model takes into account reflections within the tower and within the lightning channel. Locations of reflections, current reflection coefficients and the parameters of the current simulation function are calculated based on the time analysis of the current derivative signal, measured at the tower. The decay parameters of the simulation function are first determined by curve fitting the decaying part of the current obtained from measurement. The other parameters are determined by curve fitting the measured initial current derivative impulse with the derivative of the simulation function, before the arrival of reflections. The simulation results substantially succeeded in reproducing the fine structure of the measured current derivative signal. The model allows for the computation of the lightning current at any point along the current path (the tower and the attached channel), which is required for the calculation of the associated electromagnetic field. Using the three-section model of the tower, the presented return-stroke current model enables the determination of a discrete return-stroke velocity profile, demonstrating that the velocity generally decays with time. Furthermore, based on the five-section model, the proposed approach enables taking into account the existence of upward-connecting leaders, which allowed, for the first time, the determination of upward-connecting leader lengths and return-stroke velocity variation profiles with more details. The return-stroke velocity profile is found to initially increase rapidly with time, reaching a peak, and then decrease less rapidly. The proposed model is also experimentally verified based on the comparison between the computed and measured electromagnetic fields. The simulated electric and magnetic field waveforms are found to reproduce important details of the measured fields, including initial split peaks that appear due to channel-front reflections in the presence of upward-connecting leaders.
Spring wind will bring life again
Authors: Potter Amelia Bryne
Published: June 2021

The project is a film about Beijing, and through Beijing, a snapshot of the present moment: of the relation between China and the United States, fears and concerns, and where the future seems to be going. Of a moment where it feels like the order of the world is shifting under our feet, where things are growing and decaying, where things seem to be changing, but it's not exactly clear how, where there is some kind of crisis, one that we can only name pieces of, where everything we do only seems to make it worse, and it's not clear if anything can be done. The project is made from digital video images shot in Beijing in December 2005 to June 2006, spoken-voice stories about the city, and questions about larger world relations. The stories are told from the perspective of a person from the US living in China. She knows Beijing, and speaks Mandarin. Together, these images and words, English, Mandarin, and sounds of the city, form a rhythmic poem, 42 minutes long. In the tradition of Chinese poetry, the film speaks through concrete images and examples. It is dense, and covers many topics: I want the film to lead people to talk, think and ask questions about the world at this moment, and our roles in it.
Support vector machines for environmental informatics : application to biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Yang Yinghui
Published: June 2021

In order to meet the more stringent environmental regulations, the adaptive and optimal control strategies should be investigated for the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes in wastewater treatment plants. Because of the complex nature of the microbial metabolism involved, the conventional mechanistic models for nitrogen removal are difficult to formulate and the existing ones are still uncertain to some extent. Alternatively, the machine learning methods have been investigated as black-box modelling techniques. A new approach, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was proposed to be used to model the biological nitrogen removal processes in this thesis. Specifically, LS-SVM, a simplified formulation of SVM, was applied to predict the concentration of nitrate & nitrite (NO). The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has better generalization performance in comparison with generalized regression neural network, especially under weather conditions that are quite different from the training weather conditions.
Survival of the fittest: home exercise, moving image technology, and audiovisual preservation
Authors: Babler Olivia
Published: June 2021

This thesis explores the production, use and preservation of instructional fitness media made in the U.S. between the 1910s and 1980s. While film historiography has expanded to include many non-theatrical, ‘orphan’ works since the mid-1990s, home exercise—an enormously popular genre of the moving image—has received scant attention from media scholars and preservationists. This is primarily a material history of a genre that has been disseminated on a variety of home-viewing formats since the 1920s, many of which have become obsolete and may soon become inaccessible. Primarily drawing upon contemporary advertisements, reviews and trade publications, as well as conversations with archivists, producers, distributors and collectors, this study seeks to expose the forgotten early iterations of the home exercise genre while also exploring the less-discussed material aspects of the more famous recent examples.
Community policing in Durham Region: implications for diverse ethnic groups
Authors: Funk Sheldon
Published: June 2021

Many academics have claimed that community policing has been unevenly applied, and that it is unable to address the needs of an ethnically diverse community. The goal is to assess if this assertion is true with respect to Durham Region. This study employs a document analysis of Durham Regional Police Service reports and the Government of Ontario's community policing orientation to determine whether its approach is representative of the provincial benchmark , and if it addresses ethnicized group concerns. The result suggest that community policing has been implemented with modest success in both regards.
A cognitive interference model of sexual functioning for gay men: the relationship between internalized homophobia and erectile function
Authors: Stratton Natalie
Published: June 2021

Gay men more frequently report erectile difficulties than heterosexual men, possibly due to the additional stress gay men experience as a result of their sexual minority status. Internalized homophobia (IH), defined as the internalization of negative societal attitudes about being gay, is associated with adverse sexual outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. According to Barlow’s model of sexual dysfunction, cognitive interference plays a key role in the development and maintenance of erectile dysfunction. The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between IH, cognitive anxiety symptoms, and erectile function in a sample of 252 HIV-negative gay and bisexual men. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing internalized homophobia, cognitive anxiety symptoms, and erectile functioning at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. Cognitive anxiety symptoms did not mediate the relationship between IH and erectile function at baseline or across 6-months. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Durability Of Advanced Cement-Based Materials Used As Repairs For Deteriorated Concrete
Authors: Tahmureszadeh Keikhosrow
Published: June 2021

With advanced technology, the production of strong construction material becomes more feasible. However, use of such materials as repairs on top of existing concrete is challenging, since repair system relies not only on the quality of repair but also on the interaction and compatibility of such material with the substrate. Studies regarding the durability of bond strength are limited. Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare the bond strength and durability performance of advanced cement-based materials including ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), engineered cementitious composite with slag (ECC-Slag), specialized repair material with self-consolidating properties (SCC), and normal concrete (NC) under two common deterioration modes in Canada (freeze-thaw cycles with de-icing salt, and volumetric expansion of the substrate). The freeze-thaw cycle results show higher bond strength and durability performance for UHPC and NC, respectively. Under expanding deterioration, NC started with higher bond strength and UHPC revealed the best durability performance.
The internet is serious business: 4chan's /b/ board and the Lulz as alternative political discourse on the internet.
Authors: Simcoe Luke
Published: June 2021

The online image and message board known as 4chan is as paradoxical as it is popular. Boasting an estimated 18 million unique monthly visitors and generating one million posts per day, the site is a locus of obscenity and bigotry, a wellspring of popular internet culture, and the birthplace of the distributed hacktivist collective known as Anonymous. In contrast to other forms of social media, no registration is required to participate on 4chan, and maintaining a persistent identity is both difficult and discouraged. Although many deride 4chan as puerile or nihilistic, I propose that a nascent form of political expression can be discerned within the site's subculture. Specifically, I explore how participants on 4chan use carnivalesque humour and memetic communication to oster a collective identity and articulate a political orientation towards the internet-summed up by the phrase "the internet is serious business"-while remaining committed to an ethic of radical anonymity. In doing so, I recast participation on 4chan as a political act, albeit one that falls outside of a normative or rational framework.
Locating the "unthinkable" in Canadian poverty coverage : a discourse and content analysis of two mainstream dailies
Authors: Redden Joanna
Published: June 2021

In this thesis I argue that poverty is a keyword and that the meaning / meanings attached to it affect how we see the issue and what we choose to do or not do about it. I investigate how poverty coverage may be limiting popular discussion and action through a content analysis and discourse analysis of coverage in the Toronto Star and the Globe and Mail. I conclude that as citizens we are not getting the information we need to consider how we as a society should go about eliminating poverty. I also conclude that the meaning of poverty is at present undergoing a transformation, and that contestations over the meaning of poverty are being played out in the news. I argue that we must be conscious of this shift in meaning and its implications, as it will significantly effect future policy and the structure of our society.
Local calibration of MEPDG for Superpave Pavements in Ontario : Enhance rutting calibration and preliminary study on IRI model
Authors: Amir Maryam
Published: June 2021

The AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide requires local calibration to account for local conditions, materials, and engineering practices. Previous local calibration studies in Ontario focused mainly on permanent deformation models for pavement rutting. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, to provide an enhanced calibration for the rutting models by using more vigilantly cross-verified input data and updated observed rutting data. Second, to perform a trial calibration for the international roughness index (IRI) model by considering three different calibration methods. Cracking models calibration, being performed by another colleague, has not yet been finalized; therefore, the IRI model calibration cannot be finalized in this study. Based upon 63 Superpave sections, the local calibration coefficients were found to be βAC = 1.7692, βT = 1.0, βN = 0.6262, βGB = 0.0968 and βSG = 0.2787 , which reduced the standard deviation of residuals to a value of 1 mm. The IRI calibration study found
that the initial IRI value plays an important role in the calibration.

Keywords: International Roughness Index (IRI) model; local calibration; Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG); rutting model; Superpave.
Decomposition of High Organic and Moisture Content Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills
Authors: Jin Hui
Published: June 2021

With the increase in waste recycling, municipal solid waste (MSW) with high organic and moisture contents are found in various landfills worldwide. If this kind of waste were put into anaerobic condition directly, the pH values will decrease sharply, which will seriously affect the biodegradation of the wastes. This study is aimed to investigate the decomposition of the type of MSW in aerobic condition before the anaerobic biodegradation. In the study, the effects of air addition and biosolids addition on the biodegradation of MSW with high organic and moisture contents were examined. Moreover, the flushing technology was compared with the leachate recirculation technology. Six simulated bioreactor landfills were set up. After about 100 days' operation, it was observed that (1) the mass reduction rate in the aerobic-anaerobic bioreactor was approximately five times of that in the anaerobic bioreactor, the leachate quality was much better than that in the anaerobic bioreactor based on the final COD, BOD 5, TS, and NH 3 concentrations. (2) biosolids have strong buffering effects and the addition of biosolids accelerated the anaerobic biodegradation progress to a great extent. Therefore, it was concluded that initially degrading MSW under aerobic condition before anaerobic degradation with biosolids addition is the optimum strategy for the decomposition of MSW with high organic and moisture contents.
Seismic design of liquid-containing concrete structures
Authors: Lu Au
Published: June 2021

The seismic design of structures is a requirement for any places [sic] where earthquake [sic] occurs, and the design is based upon the codes that vary according to the jurisdictions in which the code was developed for. This study introduces and assesses the document ACI 350.3-06 which was developed by the ACI Committee to guide the design of liquid containing structures, and compares to other codes such as ACI 350.3-01 and NZS 3106 of New Zealand Standard. The importance of liquid containing structures cannot be stressed further, as it is apparent in nuclear applications.

The failure of tanks could be due to many reasons: 1) Shell buckling, caused by axial compression due to overall bending. 2) Roof damage as a result of sloshing of the upper portion of the containing liquid due to insufficient provision of freeboard. 3) Failure of inlets and outlets due to their inability to accommodate the deformations of the flexible tank. 4) Differential settlement or failure of supporting soil.

The pressures resulted from earthquake [sic] can cause catastrophic disaster, and they [sic] are the impulsive and convective mode which exerts pressures on the walls of the tank. The hydrodynamic model used to estimate these pressures in the ACI 350.3-06 document has also adopted earlier works from Housner, Veletsos, and Shivakumar. Throughout the years, the code has transformed tremendously, and this study shows that the codes are very similar in many ways, yet their differences can yield significantly different results. Furthermore, the results from the various codes are illustrated using the same example, and the validity of the results are determined as well.

The effects on seismic design due to the types of structure, whether the tank is rigid or flexible, and the support system are also introduced; moreover, their absences and the variations in the estimation of seismic parameters in some codes are also shown to have a large effect on the load estimation.
Denis Brihat Pierre Cordier Jean-Pierre Sudre : A European experiment
Authors: Moliterna Raquel
Published: June 2021

The most evident aspect that the photographic works of Pierre Cordier, Denis Brihat and Jean-Pierre Sudre have in common is their use of chemical interventions in the printing process to produce unique photographic objects.
Sudre, Brihat and Cordier are important to the history of photography because their work questions the mainstream practices of 20th century analog photography. They do this by transforming conventional photographic materials into non-conventional images, and by being active agents in the creation of these images. Sudre’s, Brihat’s and Cordier’s works bring questions about photographic materiality back into the critical discussion of what defines photography. I intend to investigate how the nature of photographic materiality has been addressed during significant periods and movements in the history of photography before Sudre, Brihat and Cordier did their work, in order to understand how and why their approach is innovative and important.
An empirical examination and extension of the psychological mediation framework among gay and bisexual men: a mixed methods study
Authors: Schwartz Danielle R.
Published: June 2021

Compared to heterosexual men, gay and bisexual men (GBM) are at an increased risk of adverse mental and sexual health outcomes. Minority Stress Theory (MST) proposes that GBM experience an increased prevalence of poor mental health outcomes as a result of minority stress. Building upon MST, the Psychological Mediation Framework (PMF) posits that minority stress leads to changes in general cognitive, affective, and social psychological processes, thereby leading to negative mental health outcomes. The present mixed methods study focused on three primary objectives in a sample of 261 GBM: (a) testing the indirect effects of general psychological processes in the relationship between minority stress and poor mental health outcomes; (b) evaluating whether these processes also account for the relationship between minority stress and poor sexual health outcomes; and (c) qualitatively exploring and further clarifying the PMF. Quantitative results provided support for the PMF by demonstrating that experiences of objective stigma were associated with elevations in psychological risk factors, which were in turn associated with adverse mental health outcomes. When each mediator was examined separately, affective processes had a significant effect on mental health outcomes whereas cognitive and social processes were non-significant. For sexual health, the total indirect effect of general psychological mediators in the relationship between stigma and sexual health outcomes was non-significant. However, when mediators were examined separately, cognitive processes did appear to have a significant indirect effect in this relationship, whereas affective and social processes were non-significant. Qualitative results provided partial support for the PMF; many, but not all, of the key components of the model were discussed by participants, and a number of novel themes emerged that expand beyond variables described in the PMF. These findings have important theoretical implications by helping to refine the PMF and future studies of minority stress. Further, by offering a better understanding of the mechanisms linking minority stress and poor health outcomes, this study may help guide future psychological interventions aimed at improving the health of GBM.
Towards a Methodological Approach to Builder Specific, Preconstruction Airtightness Estimates for Light-Framed, Detached, Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Canada
Authors: Khemet Bomani
Published: June 2021

This research is an investigation into residential building airtightness. Its purpose is to establish a methodology to predict preconstruction airtightness in Canadian homes. The dissertation presented an analysis of a large, national blower door testing population, numbering over 900,000 low-rise detached homes. The relationship between airtightness and various building factors, such as; insulation levels, building size, and year of construction, is explored. Regressionbased models were found to be highly significant (p<<0.01) and explained up to 48% (R = 0.69, p<<0.01) of whole building airtightness. The national models’ scope was confined to predicting airtightness in existing homes with heterogeneous wall construction. In order to estimate preconstruction airtightness in conventionally constructed homes, a local blower door testing population of nearly 3000 homes was examined. Three builder-specific, geometricbased, temporally independent, multiple linear regression models were developed. Some of these builder-specific models were found to be strong, and explained over 58% (R = 0.79, p<<0.001) of whole building airtightness. A five variable, geometrically based model which controlled for handicraft was found to be very strong, explaining up to 73% (R = 0.87, p<<0.001) of the whole building airtightness. The regression-based analyses on the local population suggests that air leakage is prominent through two building details: the floor-to-wall details, and at the window-to-wall assemblies. An empirically based design of experiments was devised to quantify the impact of air leakage through a floor-to-wall detail. A very strong laboratory-based model explained up to 88% of the air leakage through the floor-to-wall joint (R = 0.95, p<<0.001). A builder-specific, temporally-independent model was combined with the empirically-based, floor-to-wall model to illustrate the applicability of the approach residential building designers. The synthesis of the two models resulted in a novel, whole building, preconstruction airtightness forecasting model. The dissertation demonstrated that airtightness in homes could be estimated with temporally independent, builder-specific, and geometrically-based preconstruction models. The estimation approach spurred models that were stronger in explanatory power, and industrial applicability as compared to previous airtightness models.
Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production
Authors: Dahahda Samer
Published: June 2021

The rapid depletion of natural resources and the environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels as the main source of global energy is leading to an increased interest in alternative and renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant source of organic materials that can be utilized as an energy source. Anaerobic digestion has been proven to be an effective technology for converting organic material into energy products such as biogas. However, the nature of lignocellulosic materials hinders the ability of microorganisms in an anaerobic digestion process to degrade and convert organic material to biogas. Therefore, a pretreatment step is necessary to improve the degradability of lignocellulosic materials and achieve higher biogas yield. Several pretreatment methods have been studied over the past few years including physical, thermal, chemical and biological pretreatment. This paper reviews biological and thermal pretreatment as two main promising methods used to improve biogas production from lignocelluloses. A greater focus is given on enzymatic pretreatment which is one of the promising yet under-researched biological pretreatment method. The paper addresses challenges in degrading lignocellulosic materials and the current status of research to improve biogas yield from lignocelluloses through biological and thermal pretreatment.
Investigation of leachate quality from the Trail Road Landfill
Authors: Bataineh Ziad
Published: June 2021

Leachate data for the Trail Road sanitary landfill were obtained for stages three (3) and four (4) of the landfill, located in the City of Ottawa, for the period of 10 years from 1996 to 2005. Data included several parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, Ca, Fe, Cl, SO₄, some selected heavy metals such as: Cu, Zn, Pb, and other parameters like Toluene and Vinyl Chloride.

Analysis was performed to these data using Microsoft Excel analysis tools. Various graphical and statistical techniques such as Correlation, regression, and contaminant specific analysis were used to characterize leachate from the Trail Road Landfill. The data collected were fitted with trend lines to represent temporal variations. Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis as a multivariate statistical method was later used for identifying linear relationships between the quality of leachate with respect to the water infiltration to the waste, calculated from monthly precipitation data.

Results from this research yielded noteworthy temporal variations of many parameters in leachate over the study period. Also, the effect of many factors like the net water infiltrating waste from precipitation and methanogenesis of leachate on the behaviour of leachate parameters was noticeable.
Spanning the archive and the museum : Timothy O'Sullivan's King Survey photographs
Authors: Shutt Emily M
Published: June 2021

Originally created as documents of the government surveys in the 1860s-1870s, Timothy O'Sullivan's photographs were rediscovered in the mid-twentieth century by museum curators, artists and scholars, many of whom argued for O'Sullivan's artistic genius, uniqueness and his proto-modernist compositions. His early champions were the artist Ansel Adams and curator Beaumont Newhall, but others argued for the aesthetic importance of his work at the end of the century, including scholars Joel Snyder, Robin Kelsey, and Museum of Modern Art curator Peter Galassi. In the early 1980s, Rosalind Krauss argued against the notion that O'Sullivan should be included in the photographic art canon in her 1982 article, "Photography's Discursive Spaces: Landscape/View" in Art Journal. This thesis focuses on the changing reception and the functions of O'Sullivan's photographs by an examination of different examples of one photograph, O'Sullivan's "Sioux Hot Springs", held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, New York), the National Archives Still Picture Unit (College Park, Maryland), and the George Eastman House (Rochester, New York).
Go Bayes or Go Home: Algorithms for Improving Predictive Methods of Police Decision Support
Authors: Allen Jared C.
Published: June 2021

This thesis tests novel methods of creating advice to assist police with behavioural aspects of investigations. Using a sample of 361 serial stranger sexual offenses, simulated samples, and a sample of 84 serial burglary offences, the paper predicts behavioural characteristics using frequency information and a cross-validation approach. Experiment 1 predicts dichotomous offender characteristics from dichotomous and categorical crime scene characteristics. Experiment 2 predicts continuous behavioural variables from point estimates. Novel Bayesian algorithms are compared to base rate, mean, and point estimate prediction methods. In Experiment 1, Bayes’ Theorem (74.6% accurate) predicts with 11.1% more accuracy than base rates (63.5% accurate), and provides improved advising estimates. In Experiment 2, Bayesian algorithms predict more accurately than mean and point estimate methods (this improvement is not always statistically significant). These tests suggest that Bayesian approaches increase predictive power. Advising statements are considered, and suggestions regarding future research for police decision support are discussed.
The Semi-Nude and Collapsing Female Figure: Sexuality in the Aesthetic Paintings of Albert Moore and Edward Burne-Jones
Authors: Collins Meaghan
Published: June 2021

The female nude has been researched extensively over the history of Art, and continues to fascinate researchers and art enthusiasts alike. However it is difficult to find information on female figures who are semi-nude: one who is not fully clothed nor entirely nude. The Victorian period in England was a very conservative time, especially for women. Influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, Aesthetic painters Albert Moore and Edward Burne-Jones depicted women in a peculiarly sexual manner, one that encapsulates the struggle with sexual acceptance of the era. Women are often shown wearing loose, transparent fabric and often asleep or in languid, weary poses. These weary poses are what I refer to as “collapsing women.” In this visual analysis I take a close look at these female figures, and examine them using the terms “semi-nude” and “collapsing female,” in order to determine the meaning behind their dress and body language.
RankGPES: learning to rank for information retrieval using a hybrid genetic programming with evolutionary strategies
Authors: Islam Mohammad A.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, Learning to Rank has not only shown effectiveness and better suitability for modern Web Era needs, but also has proved that it outperforms traditional ranking in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Evolutionary approach to Learning to Rank such as RankGP [37] and RankDE [3] have shown further improvement over non-evolutionary algorithms. However when Evolutionary algorithms have been applied to a large volume of data, often they showed they required so much computational efforts that they were not worth applying to industrial applications. In this thesis, we present RankGPES: a Learning to Rank algorithm based on a hybrid approach combining Genetic Programming with Evolution Strategies. Our results not only showed that it outperformed both RankGP [37] by 20% and RankDE [3] by 6% in terms of accuracy but also it showed it required significant less amount of time to converge to a near-optimal result.
Refugees’ Perceived Mental Health Post-Migration to Canada: Afghans, Colombians and the Karen (Burmese)
Authors: Sidiqi Fatima
Published: June 2021

This study seeks to understand the factors that influence the perceived mental health of Afghan, Colombian and Karen (Burmese) refugees post-migration to Canada. It also examines what the differences and commonalities are among and between these groups with regards to the factors that influence their perceived mental health. Moreover, it explores whether these groups perceived that, as a result of their exposure to pre-migration trauma that they are at a high risk for developing mental health problems when they experience post-migration stressors. This study found that contextual factors, discrimination, and lack of resources and support affect refugee groups’ perceived mental health post-migration to Canada. Another finding was that only the Karen (Burmese) participants (some) reported that, a result of their exposure to pre-migration trauma that post-migration stressors affect them greatly. The information found in this study could potentially be used to inform policies and programs that protect refugee health.