bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical and Surgeon-Related Factors Related to Long-Term Survival in Esophageal Cancer: A Review
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Lagergren Jesper
Published: November 2019

Esophagectomy is the mainstay of curative treatment for most patients with a diagnosis of esophageal cancer. This procedure needs to be optimized to secure the best possible chance of cure for these patients. Research comparing various surgical approaches of esophagectomy generally has failed to identify any major differences in long-term prognosis. Comparisons between minimally invasive and open esophagectomy, transthoracic and transhiatal approaches, radical and moderate lymphadenectomy, and high and moderate hospital volume generally have provided only moderate alterations in long-term survival rates after adjustment for established prognostic factors. In contrast, some direct surgeon-related factors, which remain independent of known prognostic factors, seem to influence the long-term survival more strongly in esophageal cancer. Annual surgeon volume is strongly prognostic, and recent studies have suggested the existence of long surgeon proficiency gain curves for achievement of stable 5-year survival rates and possibly also a prognostic influence of surgeon age and weekday of surgery. The available literature indicates a potentially more critical role of the individual surgeon’s skills than that of variations in surgical approach for optimizing the long-term survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. This finding points to the value of paying more attention to how the skills of the individual esophageal cancer surgeon can best be achieved and maintained. Careful selection and evaluation of the most suitable candidates, appropriate and structured training programs, and regular peer-review assessments of experienced surgeons may be helpful in this respect.
Assembling cheap, high-performance microphones for recording terrestrial wildlife: the Sonitor system
Authors: Darras Kevin , Kolbrek Bjørn , Knorr Andreas , Meyer Volker , Zippert Mike
Published: November 2019

Passive acoustic monitoring of wildlife requires sound recording systems. Several cheap, high-performance open-source solutions currently exist for recording soundscapes, but all of them are still reliant on commercial microphones. Commercial microphones are relatively expensive, specialized for particular taxa, and often have incomplete technical specifications. We designed Sonitor, an open-source microphone system to address all needs of ecologists that sample terrestrial wildlife acoustically. We evaluated the cost and durability of our system and measured trade-offs that are seldom acknowledged but which universally limit microphones' functions: weatherproofing versus sound attenuation, windproofing versus transmission loss after rain, signal loss in long cables, and analog sound amplification versus directivity with acoustic horns. We propose five microphone configurations suiting different budgets (from 8 to 33 EUR per unit), and fulfilling different sound quality and flexibility requirements. The Sonitor system consists of sturdy acoustic sensors that cover the entire sound frequency spectrum of sonant terrestrial wildlife at a fraction of the cost of commercial microphones.
Human aldose reductase unfolds through an intermediate
Authors: Sekhon Gurprit , Singh Ranvir
Published: November 2019

Background: Human aldose reductase (hAR) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway. For the development of secondary complications of diabetes in chronic hyperglycemic conditions, one of the critical factors is the increased flux of glucose through the polyol pathway.  Due to this clinical implication, hAR attracted considerable attention from the drug discovery perspective. In spite of extensive characterization in the context of biochemical and structural aspects, we know very little about the unfolding behavior of hAR. This study reports equilibrium unfolding studies of hAR.

Methods: We carried out thermal denaturation and chemical-induced equilibrium unfolding studies of hAR monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 

Results: Thermal denaturation studies presented a classical picture of two-state unfolding from native to the denatured state. The data was used to derive thermodynamic parameters and study the thermostability of hAR. Chemical induced equilibrium unfolding studies led us to discover an intermediate state, which gets populated at 3.5-4.0 M and 0.7-2.0 M of urea and GuHCl, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters derived from chemical-induced unfolding are in agreement with those obtained from thermal denaturation of hAR.

Conclusion: This study revealed that aldose reductase unfolds from native to the unfolded state via an intermediate. Assessment of the thermodynamic stability of native, intermediate, and unfolded states shows that significant energy barriers separate these states, which ensures the cooperativity of unfolding. As hAR functions in cells that are under osmotic and oxidative stress, these in vitro findings may have implications for its native conformation under the physiological state.
Case Report: Sarcoidosis in the lymph nodes of a breast cancer patient
Authors: Kerio Perwasha , Abid Zain , Abid Masooma , Zehra Desaar , Haider Ghulam
Published: November 2019

Background: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, especially the lungs and lymph nodes. The coexistence of sarcoidosis and breast cancer has been reported, but the coexistence of both diseases in the same patient often leads to misdiagnosis.

Case: We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with concerns of a lump in her left breast along with pain and discharge from the nipple. On examination a 3-cm hard and tender mass was noted in the upper medial quadrant of the left breast with no palpable axillary lymph nodes.

The patient was diagnosed with an infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma of the left breast with T2N0M1 Stage IV disease, due to positive mediastinal lymphadenopathy on positron emission tomography scan. The biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes allowed us to diagnose sarcoidosis and correctly stage her disease as T2N0M0 Stage IIA breast cancer. The patient underwent lumpectomy followed by adjuvant chemo radiotherapy and hormonal therapy - corticosteroids given for sarcoidosis up to 1 year. The patient is doing well 18 months later without recurrence of disease.

Conclusion: The simultaneous occurrence of both diseases in the same patient is the risk for misdiagnosis and mismanagement, therefore it is of utmost importance to correctly stage the disease with appropriate investigations and histologic confirmation prior to initiate the treatment for breast cancer.
Physics. Manual for independent work of students of technical universities
Authors: Смык Александра , Smyk Aleksandra , Тимофеева Галина , Timofeeva Galina , Ткачева Татьяна , Tkacheva Tat'yana
Published: November 2019

The manual is intended for independent work of students of technical universities and other engineering universities associated with the mastery of the basic methods of solving physical problems.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation in the discipline "Physics" for natural science and technical areas of bachelor's degree.
It can be used both by students for self-preparation and development of a course of physics, and by teachers for preparation for occupations, and also by all interested in physical bases of natural science.
Actitudes de las enfermeras frente a la muerte de los pacientes en una unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Cáceres Rivera Diana Isabel , Cristancho Zambrano Luisa Yaneth , López Romero Luis Alberto
Published: November 2019

Introducción: en las unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI) es frecuente el contacto con la muerte a la que se expone el profesional de enfermería. Este tema ha sido poco estudiado en nuestro país. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las actitudes hacia la muerte en un grupo de enfermeras que laboraban en una UCI de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo en el que se incluyeron 17 profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de alta complejidad. Se aplicó el perfil revisado de actitudes hacia la muerte. Las variables continuas fueron reportadas como promedio acompañadas de desviación estándar, dado que tenían una distribución normal según la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y demás pruebas gráficas. Las variables categóricas fueron expresadas como frecuencias absolutas o relativas. Resultados: el promedio general de la escala de actitud hacia la muerte fue 133,53 ± 21,50. La actitud con mayor promedio fue la de aceptación de acercamiento con 48,17 ± 12,64, seguida por la actitud de aceptación neutral con 28,94 ± 4,62 y miedo a la muerte con 23,0 ± 7,42. Existe una correlación moderada y directa entre el promedio general de la escala de actitudes hacia la muerte y los años de trabajo en el servicio, RHO = 0,59, p = 0,016. Conclusiones: dentro de las actitudes hacia la muerte de los participantes del presente estudio, la que más predominó fue la de aceptación de acercamiento. Adicionalmente, se pudo establecer que existe una correlación moderada y directa entre el promedio general de la escala de actitudes hacia la muerte y los años de trabajo en UCI.
Mieloma múltiple asociado con hiperbetaglobulinemia en paciente cirrótico. Reporte de caso
Authors: Ramírez Vargas Renán , Vera Marmanillo Verónika , Velazquez Rojas Lida , Pari Caller Charlye Gyorgy
Published: November 2019

Introducción: el mieloma múltiple es una enfermedad hematooncológica de origen clonal, caracterizada por la producción anormal de células plasmáticas que producen un reemplazo progresivo de otras líneas hematopoyéticas. El 95 % de los casos condiciona el aumento de la producción de inmunoglobulinas defectuosas, predominantemente IgG e IgA, detectadas en suero con pico monoclonal, definido por un deterioro progresivo de la función renal aguda, anemia, citopenias, dolor óseo agudo o crónico, fracturas patológicas, trastornos endocrinos recientes y, como en el caso de estudio, asociado con cirrosis hepática. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 49 años, con cefalea, dolor abdominal, torácico, evacuaciones melénicas, disnea y signos de ascitis, con un tiempo de enfermedad de tres meses, con historia de dolor lumbosacro de tres años antes de su ingreso. Los exámenes auxiliares mostraron pancitopenia, perfil de coagulación alterado, función renal alterada, inversión de albúmina-globulina, hiperuricemia, ascitis, lesiones óseas líticas, hipergammapatía monoclonal de tipo IgA relacionado con hiperbetaglobulinemia. Los exámenes específicos dieron como diagnóstico mieloma múltiple IgA EC IIIB más cirrosis hepática. Se presenta este caso como inusual por elevación de proteínas en suero, tanto beta como gamma, producto de dos patologías concomitantes. Conclusión: paciente con dos enfermedades simultáneas, en ambos casos con elevación de globulinas, lo que podría confundir el diagnóstico; el estado de inmunosupresión mejora con la administración de inmunoglobulinas y de tratamiento para la enfermedad base.
Why Won’t You Listen to Me? Measuring Receptiveness to Opposing Views
Authors: Minson Julia A. , Chen Frances S. , Tinsley Catherine H.
Published: November 2019

We develop an 18-item self-report measure of receptiveness to opposing views. Studies 1a and 1b present the four-factor scale and report measures of internal, convergent, and discriminant validity. In study 2, more receptive individuals chose to consume proportionally more information from U.S. senators representing the opposing party than from their own party. In study 3, more receptive individuals reported less mind wandering when viewing a speech with which they disagreed, relative to one with which they agreed. In study 4, more receptive individuals evaluated supporting and opposing policy arguments more impartially. In study 5, we find that voters who opposed Donald Trump but reported being more receptive at the time of the election were more likely to watch the inauguration, evaluate the content of the inauguration speech in a more even-handed manner, and select a more balanced portfolio of news outlets for later consumption than their less receptive counterparts. We discuss the scale as a tool to investigate the role of receptiveness for conflict, decision making, and collaboration.

This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.
Magallanes y los relatos de la primera circunnavegación del mundo
Authors: Urbina Ximena
Published: November 2019

This monographic issue of Abriu (2019) aims to contribute to the advances which, thanks to the five-hundredth anniversary of the voyage of circumnavigation of the world, are being made by historiography about a feat and a figure which were key for the history of the West and of the world, and which had enormous consequences for knowledge of a reality which inevitably had to start being learned.
Vestixios e funcións da Gran Deusa no imaxinario galego desde a obra de Méndez Ferrín
Authors: Carreira López María
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on the analysis of Guinevere reflected in the works of Méndez Ferrín and, by extension, the analysis of other female (and some male) characters, establishing the connection between these mythical characters and the archetype of the Great Goddess. These characters potentially integrate different aspects of the ancestral symbol that need to be elucidated, highlighting in each of them a particular condition or characteristic. The methodology of the analysis is circumscribed within the broad field of imaginary studies. This work seeks to reflect on the ancient archetype of the Great Goddess and its close relationship to aspects of sovereignty, and how it applies to the Galician imaginary.
Rosalía de Castro na prensa. Dous escritos perdidos
Authors: Lama María Xesús
Published: November 2019

This essay presents two journal articles published in 1870 in the illustrated newspaper La Ilustración de Madrid by R.C., assigning authorship to Rosalía de Castro. This is defended with arguments that support the identification of the author, and further describes the content of the two articles as a means of understanding their significance as part of de Castro’s written production, thereby reinforcing her condition as a professional writer.
As fontes do projecto de navegação de Fernão de Magalhães
Authors: Loureiro Rui Manuel
Published: November 2019

In 2019, five centuries will have passed since Ferdinand Magellan’s departure from Seville, in charge of a Spanish expedition that sought to claim the fabulous Spice Islands. The Portuguese defector, annoyed with the Portuguese monarch Manuel I (r.1485-1521), who had refused him the reward requested for many years of dedicated services to the Portuguese Crown, had moved to Spain two years earlier, where he offered his services to Carlos I (r.1516-1556). He presented the Spanish king with the proposal of reaching the eastern islands of Indonesia by a western route, avoiding navigation in areas that the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, had decreed to be of Portuguese influence. This involved quite simply retracing Christopher Columbus’s Indian project, but now with new bases and a more developed knowledge of the geography of the Far East. What sources could Ferdinand Magellan have used to trace his planned western route to the East?
Consideraciones acerca de las fuentes primarias que informan sobre la travesía de la Armada de Molucas por el estrecho de Magallanes
Authors: Martinić Beroš Mateo
Published: November 2019

The vicissitudes of Ferdinand Magellan’s famous exploration and navigation enterprise enabled the circumnavigation of the globe between 1519 and 1522, were the reason why information about what occurred was initially insufficient though later it proved more satisfactory, although never as much as could be desired at the time and by posterity. The primary sources recount what happened at the time, both in documents originating during the voyage and immediately upon the return of the sole survivor of the five ships comprising the expedition’s fleet, along with the circumstances in which such information was obtained or was available. Similarly, the news collected and transmitted later by third parties was always based on reports or news provided by former crew members in a process of accumulation that has taken centuries. Both documentary, written and graphic sources including maps, as well as oral memory are considered as pertaining to the understanding of the formation of the archive collected around this transcendent historical activity.
Félix y Bento: dos casos de masculinidad a-relacional en Ressurreição y Dom Casmurro
Authors: Bota Miquel
Published: November 2019

This article presents a new reading of two works by Brazilian author Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, his first novel Ressurreição (1872) and the later Dom Casmurro (1899). It reflects on two male protagonists, Félix and Bento, and the relationships they develop with their female partners, Capitu and Lívia. Through an exploration of the psychological abuse these two men inflict on their partners and how these men conform the concept of “a-relational man” by Rainer Maria Rilke, it highlights the relevance of gender violence criticism in Machado’s works.
We need to talk: Willingness to speak out about Catalonia’s secession
Authors: Balcells Joan , Padró-Solanet Albert
Published: November 2019

A repeated argument to invalidate the legitimacy of a debate on Catalonia’s independence is the existence of a spiral of silence affecting unionist supporters. However, we find inconclusive empirical evidence to sustain this claim. Although survey data show that willingness to talk about secession is higher among pro-independence supporters both in face-to-face and online environments, multivariate regression models – taking into account the perception of the opinion climate – reveal a different and more complex picture. Pro-independence supporters are highly mobilized particularly in like-minded and private environments, but this enthusiasm decreases when they perceive their ideas not to be shared by the majority, whereas unionist supporters show a more stable pattern irrespective of the opinion climate. In publicly exposed arenas like social media, where activists abound, willingness to talk is lower and differences between both sides are minimal. Overall, the results are hardly consistent with the patterns of behaviour that would be expected in a spiral of silence.
Framing Catalonia: Evidence from Québec media
Authors: Dubois Philippe , Villeneuve-Siconnelly Katryne
Published: November 2019

This article assesses the media treatment of the Catalan referendum on independence (October 2017) in the Québec context. By conducting a quantitative and deductive content analysis of articles published in the four major Québec newspapers, we analyse how Québec newspapers frames the conflict regarding their historical editorial position about the Québec independence project. In addition, we examine how the comparison between Québec and Catalonia fit into the media coverage. Our results confirm the dominant use of the conflict frame for media coverage of political issues. They also point out the importance of internal and institutional factors like the importance of press agencies or the presence of correspondent on the ground as features influencing frames. In terms of editorial position, data suggest that similar issues between two stateless nations do not automatically involve a similar media treatment. We suggest the concept of ‘projection effect’ to bring nuances to the ‘mirror effect’ proposed in the literature.
The Permanencia Voluntaria archive and the historical study of Mexican cinema
Authors: Gunckel Colin
Published: November 2019

This article provides an overview of the archival materials held at the Permanencia Voluntaria collection in Tepoztlán, Mexico. Focusing on the documents of the production company Cinematográfica Calderón, in operation from the late 1930s to the 1990s, the article makes a case for using such material to construct critical industrial histories of Mexican cinema. Drawing on concepts from media industry studies, the article examines three intertwined aspects of the production company’s operations during the 1950s and 1960s: marketing, censorship negotiations and transnational distribution. Accordingly, it proposes that these factors be placed in conversation with cinematic texts as a way of reconsidering the place of the nation in Mexican film studies, expanding the objects of analysis in this field and re-evaluating a period of film history whose significance has largely remained overlooked.
An interview with Guillermo Calderón
Authors: García-Besné Viviana , Tremps Alistair
Published: November 2019

This is an edited excerpt of an interview that García-Besné and Tremps conducted with Guillermo Calderón Stell (1919–2018) for their 2009 documentary Perdida/Lost about the Calderón family’s history in Mexican cinema.
Reviews
Authors: Cosentino Olivia , Thornton Niamh , Pinazza Natália , Fredrick Sharonah , Ripley Marc
Published: November 2019

La India María: Mexploitation and the Films of María Elena Velasco, Seraina Rohrer (2018) Austin: University of Texas Press, 220 pp., ISBN 978-1-47731-345-9, p/bk, $29.95 USD

Mexican Transnational Cinema and Literature, Maricruz Castro Ricalde, Mauricio Díaz Calderón and James Ramey (eds) (2017) Oxford and Bern: Peter Lang, 312 pp., ISBN 978-1-78707-066-0, p/bk, $69.95

The Latin American (Counter-)Road Movie and Ambivalent Modernity, Nadia Lie (2017) Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 260 pp., ISBN: 9783319435534, h/bk, £57.65, p/bk, £71.96

Evolvi ng Images: Jewish Latin American Cinema, Norah Glickman and Ariana Huberman (eds) (2018) Austin: University of Texas Press, 264 pp., ISBN 978-1-47731-471-5, p/bk $29.95 USD

The Spanish Fantastic: Contemporary Filmmaking in Horror, Fantasy and Sci-Fi, Shelagh Rowan-Legg (2016) London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 214 pp., ISBN 978 1 78453 677 0, h/bk, $103.50; e-book, $82.80
Managing Conflict Through: Cross-Border Cooperation: A Study at the Indonesia-Timor Leste Border
Authors: Ikfal Raharjo Sandy Nur
Published: November 2019

Since the separation of Timor Leste from Indonesia in 2002, disputes over the border area have existed and have occasionally escalated to be communal con?icts. Due to the involvement of people to people relations, government to government negotiation is not enough to resolve these con?icts. Hence, both countries established cross-border cooperation as an alternative. This research analyzed the role of cross-border cooperation in managing communal con?icts in the border area between the Timor Tengah Utara District of Indonesia and the Oecussi District of Timor Leste. The research was conducted in a qualitative approach, while the data was collected by interview, observation, and literature review. This study showed that crossborder cooperation played a signifcance role in managing the con?ict by reducing violence, building and maintaining social relations, as well as improving the economic development of the local people.
DEALING WITH DISCRIMINATION: Women Labor and Oil Palm Plantation Expansion in Indonesia
Authors: Pradipta Lengga
Published: November 2019

Oil palm plantations have expanded massively in the isolated areas of Indonesia in the last decades. They cover more than 13.5 million hectares across Indonesia and spread into more than 10 provinces. Riau and West Sumatra are the two provinces that have been targeted for oil palm plantation expansion. When oil palm companies entered Riau and West Sumatra, they started to expand their operations and promised to provide the employment for local people, especially women. At first, thiswent smoothly. However, along with many other social, economic and environmental issues, oil palm companies are no longer giving adequate protection for the women in the labor force. Women operate in unsafe working conditions and always get an unfair share of income. The health of women who work for oil palm companies suffers greatly. They have to handle pesticides and fertilizers without protection such as masks and gloves. Although women put much effort in working for the oil palm companies, they always get lower financial compensation than the men. This situation demonstratesthe tremendous discrimination in the oil palm industry. This is violates many regulations, especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) article 11, which mentions that all parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of employment to protect health and safety in the workplace and to ensure equal wages between men and women. This situation not only contravenes CEDAW, but also Act Number 13/2003 about Manpower (article22) which is concerned with the safe working environment and equal wages among employees. The aim of this study is to investigate the current situation in the oil palm industry in Indonesia and how companies discriminate against women without considering the international and national regulations. This study is not only focuses on the oil palm industry itself, but also on women, and how they survive as employees of oil palm companies. This study used qualitative methods, which have been conducted through observation, key informant interviews and secondary data. The study also reveals that in order to solve the case about women labor in oil palm plantations, critical changes are urgently needed, not only from government as the policy makers, but also from many other stakeholders.
Politicization of Identity in Local Election As A Soft Security Threat: A Case of 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election
Authors: Kristimanta Putri Ariza , Sweinstani Mouliza Kristhopher Donna
Published: November 2019

The background of this study is the DKI Jakarta 2017 local election, which was followed by a series of demonstration and identity politicization against the prospective candidate from minority groups. A similar pattern had been applied in 2018 local election and 2019 national election where SARA (shortened from Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antar-golongan or ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations) is used to mobilize voters through black and negative campaigns. This study aims to explore how the politicization of identity in the DKI Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 can be a soft security threat to human and societal security. By conducting literature studies to related documents, the authors conclude that what happened in DKI Jakarta is categorized as politicized collective identity. The results of the study describe that politicization of identity could cause three effects that can threaten security, namely (1) increasing negative sentiment towards minority groups; (2) increasing the number of cases of persecution and discrimination in the name of religion or ethnicity; and (3) causing community polarization on social media. The study recommends to the government to strengthen national identity, which involves all components of the state and society so that the issue of identity will not be shifted for negative connotation of short-term electoral agenda.
Vasutasok és a szovjet megszállók
Authors: Péterffy Gergely
Published: November 2019

At the end of World War 2, it took more than a half year for the Red Army to occupy Hungary. Following the negotiations in Tehran and Yalta, Hungary joined the socialist camp led by Moscow.
Therefore, thousands of cases of pillage, rape and murder committed by Soviet soldiers could not be articulated in the official historiography, Russian troops could only be mentioned in a positive context within any publication. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the above-mentioned policy on historiography changed, and several books, articles and reminiscences were published on the Soviet crimes against the population. The aim of this study is present the types of connection between the Russian soldiers and the railwaymen from the beginning of the occupation to the end of the monetary stabilization in 1946. In the first half of the 20th century, the railway was the backbone of Hungary’s economy. Without the railway – due to the lack of roads and automobiles – the economic system would have totally collapsed. The Russians were aware of the importance of the railway, hence as the front moved on, they ordered the citizens and railwaymen to reconstruct the railway tracks as fast as they could. To achieve a complex picture on the connection between soldiers and railwaymen, we need to focus on not only the negative, but the positive cases as well.
Csendõrsorsok az 1945 utáni évtizedekben
Authors: Vincze Gábor
Published: November 2019

Based the French example, in 1881 the Gendarmerie, guarding order in the countryside, was founded in the Austro–Hungarian Empire as well. From that on, public safety could be described as similar to European standards. Despite of that, after 1945 the attitude of new political elite and some parts of society towards the Gendarmerie was quite negative. There weretwo keys reasons for that. A fraction of the Gendarmerie participated in the persecution of the illegal communist party’s members and followers before 1944, and took partin the deportation of the countryside Jews in 1944. However, when the Gendarmerie was dissolved on 10 May 1945, it was not for the latter but specifically for political reasons.After passing the legislation, former gendarmes were viewed ascollectively guilty and second-rate citizens, even if they had committed no crime at all. Gendarmes fleeing West from the Soviet Army in the Spring of 1945 and later returning were interned, and the same faith awaited their comrades who couldreturn from Soviet prison camps in 1950 (several years of forced labour awaited the latter).The gendarme officers were declared “principal war criminals” at the people’s tribunal, a typical political tribunal, established in 1945. Seven such officers were condemned to death and were executed, possibly more than a thousand of others were given prison sentences. In 1956, several gendarmes took active part in the revolution in the countryside, many of them were convicted after the revolution was suppressed. Those freed from prisons and internment camps were kept under state security surveillance for decades, even if they had no previous conflict with the communist regime. Studying the fate of former gendarmes after 1945 shows that,from the point of taking power in 1945 until the fall of the regime, the communists-feared them, even when the gendarmes were old and ill. In my study I review the problems of research, and illustrate different forms of gendarme-persecution,by presenting specific examples.
Sajtóirányítás és háborús propaganda az I. világháború idõszakában
Authors: Olasz Lajos
Published: November 2019

In the 1910-s, press flourished in Hungary. However, as a result of the political crisis preceding the World War, then the outburst of the war, there were significant restrictions introduced in the field of the press, while after the start of the fights, compulsory censorship was introduced. The Military Supervisory Commission was taking over the control of mass communication to an ever increasing extent. Publishing papers infringing military interests with their news were suspended for shorter or longer periods. The newly set up Press Command Post fulfilled the tasks of publishing military information and supervising war coverage. This organisation not only provided newscasts, but also monitored the international press and involved the representatives of the most varied art forms (writers, painters, even film producers) in the war propaganda. In the heartland, interest towards military events and at the front, towards home conditions increased more and more, however, the information flow was considerably restricted both here and there. Due to the prolongation of the war, and the increase in difficulties and losses, the role of the propaganda activity performed among the soldiers and within the heartland became more and more important. Many people considered that all-in propaganda, also received a decisive role in the all-in war.
A Nemzeti Ujság politikai állásfoglalása és a márciusi fordulat, 1845–1848
Authors: Krizsán Bálint
Published: November 2019

The aim of my study is to show a Hungarian conservative newspaper’s political principles during the second half of the 1840s. The Nemzeti Ujság was undergoing massive changes under the direction of Sándor Lipthay between the last two Hungarian diets of the Reform Era. The events of the examined period had serious effects upon those changes. For instance the moderate censorship; the diet of 1843/44 and the resulting opposition of the absolutist governemnt of Wien; furthermore the foundation of the Hungarian Conservative Party. Nevertheless the Revolution of 1848 had the most significant effect upon the face of the newspaper. The attitude of the journal had been continuously diverging from the official conservative standpoints. The distancing, nevertheless, was not permanent; occasionally it slowed down or began accelerating. After the Hungarian revolution the Nemzeti Ujság was the first newspaper that started supporting the new regime. This radical turn was utterly striking for other journals too.
William Alston'da İlâhî Bilginin Doğası ve Zaman
Authors: TANIŞ Abdulkadir
Published: November 2019

Çağdaş din felsefesinde ilahî bilginin doğası konusunda önemli görüşlerden
biri William P. Alston tarafından ortaya atılmıştır. Sezgisel bilgi anlayışı
olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu bilgi anlayışının savunulmasının temel
gerekçesi, onun Tanrı’nın mükemmelliğiyle daha uyumlu olmasıdır. Bu bilgi
anlayışı, Tanrı’nın varlık ve olgulara dair bilgisinin O’nun bu varlık ve
olguların doğrudan farkındalığından oluştuğunu iddia eder. Bu bilgi anlayışının
temel vurgusu, arada Tanrı’nın kendi zihinsel temsilleri dahi hiçbir vasıta
olmaksızın O’nun her şeyi mutlak doğrudan bir farkındalıkla bildiğidir. Bu
yüzden, Tanrı’nın bilgisi, dolaylı olarak bilme anlamına geleceği için inanç
veya önerme şeklindeki öğeleri içermez. Alston’ın ilahî bilginin doğası
konusundaki bu görüşlerinin, Tanrı-zaman ilişkisi konusunda da önemli
imalarının olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Buna dayanarak bazı yorumcular sezgisel
bilgi anlayışının Tanrı’nın zamansızlığını gerektirdiğini iddia ederken, bazı
yorumcular da tam aksini iddia etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sezgisel bilgi
anlayışının, Tanrı’nın zamansızlığı düşüncesiyle daha uyumlu görünmesine rağmen,
onun ilahî bilginin doğasını açıklama konusunda yetersiz olduğu iddia edilecek
ve bu iddia için temel olarak iki gerekçe ileri sürülecektir. Sezgisel bilgi
anlayışı kabul edilirse, ilk olarak, bunun Tanrı’nın bilgisinin kapsamı
konusunda bir sınırlılık yarattığı; ikinci olarak, Tanrı ve yaratılmış
varlıklar arasındaki farklı varlık modunun nasıl korunacağı probleminin ortaya
çıktığı gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu yüzden, Alston’ın savunduğu şekliyle
sezgisel bilgi anlayışının ilahî bilginin doğasını açıklama konusunda doyurucu
olmadığı söylenecektir.
Alat Bantu Jalan Sensorik bagi Tunanetra
Authors: Kurniawan Asep
Published: November 2019

The existing mobility aids for the visually impaired today still have several shortcomings, so it is necessary to develop technology that can help them walk better. This study aims to create a walker with sensors that can move right and left. Research also tests its accuracy, precision, and success. In making the tool, two steps are taken: making tools and testing tools. The device consisted of an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, two Arduino Nano, an SG90 servo motor, and a buzzer. The product then was tested by reading distances at variations of 60cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm and 100cm. In addition to distance testing, the instrument is also tested at 0 °, 30 ° right and left angles and 60 ° right and left — output device in the form of a buzzer sound. This design of mobility aids for the blind people have an accuracy of 99.995% and a precision (repeatability) of 98.600%. Meanwhile, this tool has a percentage of the success rate of 98,400%.[Alat bantu jalan bagi tunanetra saat ini masih memiliki kekurangan sehingga diperlukan pengembangan teknologi yang dapat membantu mereka berjalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat alat bantu jalan dengan sensor yang dapat bergerak ke kanan dan ke kiri serta menguji akurasi, presisi, dan tingkat keberhasilan alat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu membuat alat dan menguji alat. Alat dibuat menggunakan sebuah sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, dua buah arduino nano, sebuah motor servo SG90, dan sebuah buzzer. Alat diuji dengan membaca jarak pada variasi 60cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm, dan 100cm. Selain pengujian jarak, alat juga diuji pada sudut 0°, 30° kanan dan kiri serta 60° kanan dan kiri. Output alat berupa bunyi buzzer. Hasil penelitian rancang bangun alat bantu jalan bagi penyandang tunanetra yang telah dibuat memiliki akurasi 99,995% dan presisi (repeatability) sebesar 98,600%. Adapun, alat ini memiliki persentase tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 98,400 %.]
Rekayasa Jahe Merah Pada Lahan Kering Girisuko Gunung Kidul Untuk Optimalisasi Kelompok Tani Wanita Sukosari Guna Meningkatkan Perekonomian Keluarga Miskin
Authors: Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad , Nugraheni Ika , Malahayati Malahayati
Published: November 2019

Jahe Merah merupakan komoditas rempah yang masih sangat dibutuhkan oleh dunia industri di Indonesia. Namun pada kenyataannya kemampuan produksi belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya atau rekayasa untuk pengolahan dan pemeliharaan jahe merah agar dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil panen sesuai standar mutu industri. Secara umum metodologi kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memperhatikan tiga aspek makro yaitu aspek produksi, aspek pemasaran, dan studi literatur. Adapun aspek produksi dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini mencakup teknis pelatihan budidaya jahe merah, pengadaan bibit, pembuatan sumur, dan penanaman bibit. Sedangkan aspek pemasaran lebih fokus kepada strategi untuk memasarkan hasil panen. Di samping itu pada aspek studi literatur dilakukan kajian-kajian teoritis dan praksis tentang rekayasa penanaman jahe merah agar mendapat hasil panen optimal. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan suatu percontohan menarik bahwa budidaya jahe merah sebenarnya memiliki prospek bisnis yang baik di masa depan, mudah untuk ditanam dalam skala rumahan, dan juga dapat bekerjasama dengan mitra yang siap membeli kembali hasil panen jahe merah. Dengan demikian kegiatan tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga miskin khususnya di Girisuko, Gunung Kidul.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Produksi Makanan Berbasis Ikan Laut di Pulau Bawean
Authors: Syukri Siti Husna Ainu , Rifa'i Aulia Faqih , Kurniawati Dwi Agustina
Published: November 2019

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini difokuskan pada Industri Kecil Menengah penghasil makanan olahan yang berasal dari pulau Bawean dan Bantul dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi lokal serta meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan Training Need Analysis melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Pelatihan tentang produksi makanan dan marketing chain yang diikuti oleh 23 Industri Kecil Menengah, pendampingan serta diakhiri dengan expose hasil pendampingan. Beberapa pelatihan yang diberikan kepada para Industri Kecil Menengah berdasarkan pada Training Need Analysis adalah pelatihan tentang Produksi makanan (perencanaan produksi, quality control, Packaging dan pengurusan ijin usaha). Pendampingan juga menunjukkan adanya perbaikan dari beberapa aspek, diantaranya Desain kemasan, cara pengemasan dan strategi pemasaran.
Pelatihan Jurnalistik untuk Mewujudkan Media Ramah Anak
Authors: Virga Rika Lusri , Pratiwi Fatmadian , Kertamukti Rama , Pihasniwati Pihasniwati , Purwani Diah Ajeng
Published: November 2019

Banyaknya berita yang mengandung konten yang tidak wajar di konsumsi oleh anak-anak akhirnya menjadi dasar dilaksanakannya pengabdian masyarakat ini. Pengabdian masyarakat yang berisi pelatihan jurnalistik untuk mewujudkan media ramah anak mengharapkan kedepan anak-anak mengetahui bagaimana sebuah berita yang sering mereka lihat di produksi. Mereka juga dilatih untuk melakukan kegiatan jurnalistik sederhana. Pada pelatihan ini dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap orientasi dan pengenalan, Pengenalan jurnalistik untuk anak, praktek jurnalistik untuk anak dan evaluasi. Seluruh tahap dilaksanakan di Masjid Al Hidayah yang diikuti oleh anak-anak TPA usia SD. Setiap kegiatan terlaksana dengan baik dan menghasilkan karya-karya yang dipublikasikan di Majalah Dinding Masjid.[The amount of news that contains inappropriate contents which is consumed by children, become the basis of the implementation of this community service. Community service in the form of journalistic training was aiming to create child-friendly media, in the hopes that in the future, children will know how a news which is they often see is producted. They are also trained to perform simple journalistic activities. This training is conducted through several stages of orientation and introduction, Journalism Introduction for Children, Journalistic Practice for children and evaluation. The whole stage was held at Al Hidayah Mosque which was followed by children of TPA of the elementary school age. Every activity was well executed and produced works published in the Mosque's Wall Magazine.]
Pendampingan Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris dan Penguatan Akidah Pada Remaja Masjid Sebagai Pemandu Wisata Desa Wisata Towil, Kulonprogo, dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)
Authors: Puspitasari Niken , Pratiwi Fatma Dian , Rihartono Siantari , Nusa Lukman , Purwani Diah Ajeng , Virga Rika Lusri
Published: November 2019

Pengabdian yang dilaksanakan di desa Bantar Kecamatan Sentolo Kulonprogo Yogyakarta ini dilakukan oleh Tim dosen Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi UIN Sunan Kalijaga dalam upayanya memberikan pemahaman mengenai penguatan akidah serta keterampilan berbahasa inggris bagi remaja mesjid sebagai pemandu desa wisata Towilfiets yang merupakan komunitas mitra pengabdian dalam menyongsong era Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA). Berbasis Community Development (pengembangan masyarakat) sebagai landasan teori, pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan melalui 4 tahap yaitu sosialisasi program kerja, pendampingan penguasaan bahasa asing, pendampingan penguatan akidah, dan evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian. Ikut terlibat pihak-pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kepercayaan penggunaan lokasi pendampingan, dalam hal ini Kepala Desa dan takmir masjid. Evaluasi kegiatan dilihat melalui keterampilan berbahasa inggris berupa “role play” dengan memberikan greeting kepada wisatawan asing, kemudian menjelaskan spot-spot wisata yang biasa dijadikan sebagai objek wisata serta menjelaskan secara sederhana komponen-komponen sepeda yang digunakan saat melakukan kegiatan wisata desa. Evaluasi penguatan akidah berupa penanaman pengetahuan agama yang meliputi keimanan yang berimplikasi terhadap akhlak. penguatan selanjutnya adalah pada bagian peribadatan yang sifatnya lebih psikomotorik, seperti halnya shalat, wudlu, dan bacaan surat-surat pendek dan lain-lain.
Penyuluhan Penerapan Ilmu Fiqih dalam Hukum Islam Sebagai Salah Satu Sumber Hukum Nasional bagi Siswa-siswi Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 3 Jakarta
Authors: Islami Irfan , Anisariza Nelly Ulfah , Prasetyo Kukuh Fadli
Published: November 2019

Hukum Islam sebagai salah satu sumber hukum nasional merupakan kumpulan aturan yang berdasarkan pada norma-norma atau kaidah-kaidah fiqhiyah. Implementasi fiqih yang dikodifikasikan menjadi hukum Islam yang berlaku di Indonesia tidaklah mencakup seluruh bidang, hanya mencakup beberapa bidang saja, seperti perkawinan, wasiat, hibah, warisan, zakat, infak, sedekah dan ekonomi syariah. Pemberlakuan syariat atau hukum Islam di Indonesia telah ada sebelum hukum barat berlaku di wilayah Nusantara, namun masih banyak terdapat kesalahpahaman masyarakat tentang syariat yang berlaku di Indonesia. Madrasah Aliyah sebagai jenjang pendidikan menengah formal yang setara dengan Sekolah Menengah Atas selain mengajarkan mata pelajaran umum juga diajarkan materi pelajaran agama, khususnya pelajaran fiqih. Pemberian materi fiqih di MA haruslah dibarengi dengan pemahaman kedudukan dan implementasi hukum Islam dalam tata hukum negara yang berdasarkan pada Pancasila, agar siswa-siswi dapat mengetahui sejauh mana syariat diberlakukan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara di Negara Republik Indonesia. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada para siswa-siswi Madrasah Aliyah khususnya MAN 3 Jakarta tentang pemberlakuan Hukum Islam dan kedudukannya dalam tata hukum Negara Republik Indonesia. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan/penataran/penyuluhan yang bersifat participatory action dalam bentuk ceramah dan diskusi.[Islamic law as one source of national law is a collection of rules based on fiqhiyah norms or rules. The implementation of fiqh codified into Islamic law in Indonesia does not cover all areas, covering only a few areas, such as marriage, probate, grant, inheritance, zakat, infaq, alms and sharia economy. The enforcement of Shari'a or Islamic law in Indonesia has existed before western law applied in the archipelago, but there are still many misconceptions about the sharia that prevail in Indonesia. Madrasah Aliyah as a formal secondary education level equivalent to High School in addition to teaching general subjects are also taught religious subjects, especially the lessons of jurisprudence. The provision of fiqih material in MA must be accompanied by understanding the status and implementation of Islamic law in the state law based on Pancasila, so that students can know the extent to which Shari'a is applied in the life of society and state in the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this community service activity is to give understanding to the students of Madrasah Aliyah especially MAN 3 Jakarta about the implementation of Islamic Law and its position in the law of the Republic of Indonesia. Community service activities are conducted through participatory action training/upbringing methods in the form of lectures and discussions.]
Pengembangan Produktivitas dan Kewirausahaan Bagi Usaha Kecil di Kelurahan Sukaramai Kecamatan Pekanbaru Kota
Authors: Widayat Prama , Noprizal Noprizal , Pahlawan Ryan
Published: November 2019

Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan ilmu yang dimiliki oleh ibu-ibu yang menjalankan usaha rumahan maupun usaha kecil lainnya, membuat usaha yang mereka jalankan cenderung berjalan ditempat bahkan sulit untuk pengembangan. Ketika mereka hendak melakukan pengembangan usaha dan melakukan pinjaman kepada perbankan, kendala utama yang mereka hadapi adalah manajemen keuangan usaha yang tidak ada sehingga sulit bagi perbankan mencairkan pinjaman. Maka dari itu diberikan pembekalan kepada ibu-ibu tersebut bagaimana mengelola usaha dengan baik termasuk pengelolaan keuangan harian yang sesuai kaidah keuangan sederhana.[The limited knowledge and knowledge of mothers who run home-based businesses and other small businesses, making the business they run tend to run in places even difficult to develop. When they want to do business development and lend to banks, the main obstacle they face is the lack of business finance management that makes it difficult for banks to disburse loans. Hence, given the provision to the mothers how to manage the business properly including the daily financial management in accordance with simple financial rules.]