bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation in preventable hospital admissions for dental conditions: An Australia‐wide analysis
Authors: Crocombe Leonard A. , Allen Penny , Bettiol Silvana , Khan Shahrukh , Godwin Diana , Barnett Tony , Hoang Ha , Goldberg Lynette R.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To describe the characteristics of hospital admissions for dental conditions, by Australian Statistical Geography Standard remoteness area for the 5 years 2010/2011 to 2014/2015.

Design

Retrospective analysis of preventable hospital admissions due to dental conditions.

Setting

National data set provided by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

Participants

Every hospital admission for patients who were admitted for dental conditions over five financial years, from 2010/2011 to 2014/2015.

Main outcome measures

The number (and rate per 1000 population) of hospital admissions due to dental conditions in each Australian Statistical Geography Standard remoteness area (major city, inner regional, outer regional, remote and very remote).

Results

There were 316 937 hospital admissions for dental conditions over the 5‐year period. The rate of potentially preventable dental hospital admissions ranged from an average of 2.5 per 1000 population in major cities to 3.2 in inner regional areas, 3.1 in outer regional areas, and 4.1 per 1000 in remote and very remote areas. The rate of admissions was highest among those aged 0‐14 years living in remote (9.0‐10.0 per 1000) and very remote (9.8‐12.5 per 1000) areas. Dental caries was the most common reason for admissions.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to address the social determinants of oral health in children aged 0‐14 years living in remote and very remote Australia. The delivery of mobile primary dental care services needs to be expanded in remote and very remote areas to prevent and treat dental caries.
China's economic development: does exchange rate and FDI nexus matter?
Authors: Ahmad Fayyaz , Draz Muhammad Umar , Yang Su‐Chang
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate the relationship between China's exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and economic development. We applied the bound testing approach on aggregate level data from 1981 to 2013. The results showed that the Chinese economy benefitted from a lower exchange rate over this period, and that there was a direct link between FDI inflows and economic development on an aggregate level both in the long and short run. The results of the Granger causality test identified a long‐ and short‐run association among these variables. The GMM estimations with dummies for financial crises and RMB exchange rate policy fluctuations also confirmed the growth enhancing impact of the exchange rate and FDI inflows. To promote sustainable economic development in the future, China should focus on improving the levels of domestic investment and human capital, as well as supervising the level of openness and capital controls.
Active surveillance in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Klotz Laurence
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Active surveillance (AS), now the standard of care for most men with favourable‐risk prostate cancer, is appealing for selected men with ‘favourable’ intermediate‐risk prostate cancer.

Methods

This is a review of the indications for conservative management in this population, the outcomes reported in prospective series, and the use of molecular biomarkers and imaging to identify optimal candidates.

Results

Candidates are those patients who are categorized as having intermediate‐risk disease either because of a prostate‐specific antigen level between 10 and 20 ng/mL, or by virtue of having Grade Group 2 disease, with a small percentage of Gleason 4 pattern, and a negative magnetic resonance imaging result or negative targeted biopsy of a region of interest. Confirmation with a favourable score on a tissue‐based genetic assay can provide further reassurance. A subset of patients with intermediate‐risk disease has indolent disease that may benefit from AS; at the same time, some patients with intermediate‐risk disease have an aggressive clinical course that requires early definitive therapy. This heterogeneity is not adequately captured with traditional histopathological staging. Clinical, genomic and radiological biomarkers are the key to appropriate risk stratification and patient selection.

Conclusions

The benefits of AS make it an appealing option for selected patients with intermediate‐risk disease.
Defining the maximum extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Home Bay (eastern Arctic Canada) during the Last Glacial episode
Authors: Lévesque Yan , St‐Onge Guillaume , Lajeunesse Patrick , Desiage Pierre‐Arnaud , Brouard Etienne
Published: October 2019

Three sediment cores recovered on the lower slope of the continental shelf in western Baffin Bay (Arctic Canada) as well as swath bathymetry and subbottom profiler data collected on the shelf and slope of the region were analysed to investigate whether the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) reached the shelf edge offshore Home Bay during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Physical, sedimentological and palaeomagnetic analyses of the cores were also used to constrain the chronostratigraphy of upper sedimentary facies of the Home Bay trough‐mouth fan (TMF). Seven lithofacies were identified in the cores and reveal that the sediments recorded a genuine geomagnetic signal and that the cores span the last 40 ka. In the Home Bay Trough, sets of elongated ridges are discernible on swath bathymetry imagery and are interpreted as mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) resulting from an ice stream eroding the trough and delivering glacigenic sediments to the TMF. The geomorphology of the TMF, combined with the sedimentary records and the chronostratigraphy, indicates that a series of debris flows and turbidity currents were generated between 35 and 15 ka BP. These results indicate that the LIS margin extended near the shelf edge during the LGM and allow us to propose a new maximum extent of the LIS during the Last Glacial episode.
Therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease
Authors: Marino Silvia , Petrusca Daniela N. , Roodman G. David
Published: October 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is the most frequent cancer involving the skeleton, causing osteolytic lesions, bone pain and pathological fractures that dramatically decrease MM patients' quality of life and survival. MM bone disease (MBD) results from uncoupling of bone remodelling in which excessive bone resorption is not compensated by new bone formation, due to a persistent suppression of osteoblast activity. Current management of MBD includes antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab, that are only partially effective due to their inability to repair the existing lesions. Thus, research into agents that prevent bone destruction and more importantly repair existing lesions by inducing new bone formation is essential. This review discusses the mechanisms regulating the uncoupled bone remodelling in MM and summarizes current advances in the treatment of MBD.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer‐related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc
Exploring motivation crowding around farmer incentives for riparian management in Nova Scotia
Authors: Sherren Kate , Tourangeau Wesley , Lamarque Mhari , Greenland‐Smith Simon
Published: October 2019

Incentive programs to encourage landowners to protect habitat should be carefully designed to avoid motivation crowding: basically, replacing intrinsic reasons such as a land ethic with extrinsic ones like payments. Little research on motivation crowding tests real programs, and no such work has been done in Canada. We surveyed farmers in Nova Scotia in 2017 to explore whether participation in a new incentive program called Wood Turtle Strides, or knowledge about a similar incentive program potentially available in the future, would alter reported motivations to use riparian setbacks and buffers. Motivations to use setbacks or buffers were heavily intrinsic across all four survey cohorts: wildlife stewardship and sacrifice motivated actions more than social pressures. We were not able to statistically test for motivational crowding due to low program uptake and thus post‐program survey responses, but there was no evidence of second‐hand crowding: farmers being motivated by hearing about a program in an adjacent jurisdiction. Findings point to the significance of wildlife stewardship for many farmers, and persistent resistance to conservation among others, as well as a risk of low additionality. More post‐program research is necessary to fully understand the program's net impact on motivations and conservation.
MicroRNA‐338‐5p reverses chemoresistance and inhibits invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting Id‐1
Authors: Han Liang , Cui Di , Li Bin , Xu Wen Wen , Lam Alfred King Y. , Chan Kin Tak , Zhu Yun , Lee Nikki P.Y. , Law Simon Y.K. , Guan Xin Yuan , Qin Yan Ru , Chan Kwok Wah , Ma Stephanie , Tsao Sai Wah , Cheung Annie L.M.
Published: October 2019

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but acquisition of chemoresistance frequently occurs and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that microRNA (miR)‐338‐5p was underexpressed in ESCC cells with acquired 5‐FU chemoresistance. Forced expression of miR‐338‐5p in these cells resulted in downregulation of Id‐1, and restoration of both in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to 5‐FU treatment. The effects were abolished by reexpression of Id‐1. In contrast, miR‐338‐5p knockdown induced 5‐FU resistance in chemosensitive esophageal cell lines, and knockdown of both miR‐338‐5p and Id‐1 resensitized the cells to 5‐FU. In addition, miR‐338‐5p had suppressive effects on migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct interaction between miR‐338‐5p and the 3′‐UTR of Id‐1. We also found that miR‐338‐5p was significantly downregulated in tumor tissue and serum samples of patients with ESCC. Notably, low serum miR‐338‐5p expression level was associated with poorer survival and poor response to 5‐FU/cisplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In summary, we found that miR‐338‐5p can modulate 5‐FU chemoresistance and inhibit invasion‐related functions in ESCC by negatively regulating Id‐1, and that serum miR‐338‐5p could be a novel noninvasive prognostic and predictive biomarker in ESCC.
Cerebrospinal fluid and optic nerve sheath compartment syndrome: A common pathophysiological mechanism in five different cases?
Authors: Hao Jie , Pircher Achmed , Miller Neil R. , Hsieh Jiemei , Remonda Luca , Killer Hanspeter E.
Published: October 2019

Importance

Optic nerve (ON) dysfunction is a common feature of different diseases. The pathophysiology is not yet fully understood.

Background

This study describes five patients with ON sheath (ONS) compartment syndrome (ONSCS) and contributes to the hypothesis that impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can play a role in the development of ON dysfunction.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Participants

Five patients with ONSCS were included in the study.

Methods

Elaboration of medical histories and clinical and diagnostic findings over a long time period was carried out by analysing medical records and by a detailed medical consultation.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measures include clinical history; visual acuity; field, intraocular and CSF pressures; and contrast‐loaded computed tomographic (CT) cisternography.

Results

Compartmentation of the ONS demonstrated by contrast‐loaded CT cisternography was the consistent finding in all five patients who demonstrated findings of ON dysfunction. The aetiologies varied and included meningitis, papilloedema, sphenoid wing meningioma, disc herniation and normal‐tension glaucoma.

Conclusion and Relevance

Compartmentation of the ONS with consecutively impaired CSF dynamics within the ON subarachnoid space can lead to ON dysfunction. Different aetiologies can cause the development of ONSCS.
New grading criterion for retinal haemorrhages in term newborns based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Luo Yuhao , Chen Kun , Lao Jimeng , Chen Ling'an , Shao Yirun , Zhang Caiyun , Sun Mingzhai , Shen Lijun
Published: October 2019

Background

To define a new quantitative grading criterion for retinal haemorrhages in term newborns based on the segmentation results of a deep convolutional neural network.

Methods

We constructed a dataset of 1543 retina images acquired from 847 term newborns, and developed a deep convolutional neural network to segment retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic discs and locate the macular region. Based on the ratio of areas of retinal haemorrhage to optic disc, and the location of retinal haemorrhages relative to the macular region, we defined a new criterion to grade the degree of retinal haemorrhages in term newborns.

Results

The F1 scores of the proposed network for segmenting retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic discs were 0.84, 0.73 and 0.94, respectively. Compared with two commonly used retinal haemorrhage grading criteria, this new method is more accurate, objective and quantitative, with the relative location of the retinal haemorrhages to the macula as an important factor.

Conclusions

Based on a deep convolutional neural network, we can segment retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic disc with high accuracy. The proposed grading criterion considers not only the area of the haemorrhages but also the locations relative to the macular region. It provides a more objective and comprehensive evaluation criterion. The developed deep convolutional neural network offers an end‐to‐end solution that can assist doctors to grade retinal haemorrhages in term newborns.
Replicating group‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of intervention reporting
Authors: Odgers‐Jewell K. , Ball L. E. , Reidlinger D. P. , Isenring E. A. , Thomas R. , Kelly J. T.
Published: October 2019

Aims

To assess the completeness of reporting of group‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A previous systematic review of group‐based education programmes for adults with type 2 diabetes identified eligible intervention studies. Data were extracted and assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (‘TIDieR’) checklist. Missing data were sourced from other published material, or by contacting authors.

Results

Fifty‐three publications describing 47 studies were included. No publications sufficiently described all items. Authors of 43 of the 47 included studies (91%) were contacted via e‐mail to obtain missing data in order to complete the TIDieR checklist. Seven (16%) did not respond. Additional data were obtained for 33/47 studies (70%). Most studies (45/47, 96%) described the intervention duration and frequency, detailed the procedures and rationale (40/47, 85%), provided a brief intervention name and explained any individual tailoring (38/47, 81%), defined whether providers received training and adequately described how the programme was delivered (37/47, 79%). However, few described any modifications (28/47, 60%), whether the intervention was delivered as planned (27/47, 57%), where it was delivered (21/47, 45%), whether materials were provided (19/47, 40%), and who delivered the intervention (13/47, 28%).

Conclusions

Group‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes are poorly reported. To translate effective research into practice, practitioners need sufficient detail to implement evidence‐based interventions. Researcher adoption of the TIDieR checklist will assist the translation and replication of published interventions.
From Hutchinsonian ratios to spatial scaling theory: the interplay among limiting similarity, body size and landscape structure
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tricot Lucía , Arim Matías
Published: October 2019

Spatial scaling theory (SST) relates the physical structure of the environment to species coexistence and community assembly. Although SST is a recognized theory in ecology, few studies have evaluated its predictions, producing contradictory results and frequently failing to meet its assumptions. In addition, the ‘risk predictions’ of SST regarding an increase in species similarity with body size and the dependence of this pattern on the landscape and food fractal dimensions have not been evaluated. This study attempted to account for previous limitations, analyzing these predictions in coleopteran guilds that inhabit 18 temporary ponds. This metacommunity covers a large gradient of environmental variables, including food density, the landscape fractal dimension, the food fractal dimensions and other indicators of pond heterogeneity. Average similarity in carnivorous and herbivorous body sizes systematically increased with guild richness, fulfilling classical predictions of niche theory. Species similarity was associated with body size, but the association reverts from negative to positive as the landscape fractal dimension and heterogeneity increases, a pattern further supported by null model analyses. Several nonexclusive mechanisms may account for this pattern: 1) the body size‐dependent landscape perception, through which small animals detect more heterogeneity than larger animals; 2) the reaching of landscape limits by larger species, which prevents them from accessing novel largest clusters; 3) the large differences between the landscape and food fractal dimensions; and 4) the homogenization of the landscape when an integer fractal dimension is reached. These mechanisms may dictate that smaller organisms are more able to capitalize on heterogeneity or available resources than larger organisms, thus promoting increased similarity among smaller species. The presented results support the connection between landscape spatial structure and biodiversity and a mechanistic understanding of this connection from the SST.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐resorptive efficacy of adrenergic blockers on late replanted rat incisors
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , do Prado Renata Falchete , Khoury Rayana Duarte , de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Valera Marcia Carneiro , Tomson Phillip Leo , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge
Published: October 2019

Background/Aim

In addition to their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastogenesis properties, adrenergic blockers may also have promising anti‐resorptive effects that can prevent root resorption when teeth are replanted because of avulsion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phentolamine (Ph) and propranolol (Pr) in gels on the repair process of late replanted rat incisors. A further aim was to evaluate the biocompatibility of both drugs to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs).

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight maxillary right incisors were extracted from male Wistar rats, stored in paper napkins for 60 minutes, and randomly allocated to one of eight groups (n = 6). The root canal, root surface, and alveolus were treated with 0.75 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph0.75), 10 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph10), 100 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph100), 2.5 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr2.5), 10 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr10), 100 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr100), or sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel (CMC) before replantation. In the control group (CH), only the root canal was treated with calcium hydroxide paste. Thirty days following surgery, the animals were euthanized, and the right hemimaxilla was removed to perform micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis to determine osteoclastic activity. Ethanolic solutions of Ph10 and Pr10 were selected based on the in vivo study, and the viability of HPDLFs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide was determined by MTT assays.

Results

The micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatments (P > .05). The presence of active osteoclasts was significantly decreased in the Ph10 and Pr10 groups (P < .05). Ph10 and Pr10 produced statistically similar cell survival rates compared to the control group (P > .05).

Conclusions

Ph10 and Pr10 significantly decreased osteoclastogenesis in delayed replanted rat teeth and were not cytotoxic toward HPDLFs.
The Associations between Mothers’ and Grandmothers’ Depressive Symptoms, Parenting Stress, and Relationship with Children: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model
Authors: Zou Xinzhuo , Lin Xiuyun , Jiang Yongqiang , Su Jinni , Qin Shaozheng , Han Zhuo Rachel
Published: October 2019

Three‐generation households that include parents and grandparents raising children together have become increasingly common in China. This study examined the relations among depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and caregiver–child relationships in the mother–grandmother dyadic context. Participants were mothers and grandmothers from 136 three‐generation households. Results from Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Modeling indicated that mothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to mother–child conflict/closeness through own parenting stress; grandmothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to grandmother–child conflict through own parenting stress. Mothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to grandmothers’ conflict with children through grandmothers’ parenting stress, and grandmothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to mothers’ conflict/closeness with children through mothers’ parenting stress. The relation between mothers’ parenting stress and mother–child closeness was stronger than the relation between grandmothers’ parenting stress and grandmother–child closeness. Findings highlight the implications of using a family system perspective and the dyadic approach in understanding and improving family functioning in Chinese three‐generation households.
Eighteen Ways Courts Should use Technology to Better Serve Their Customers
Authors: Greacen John M.
Published: October 2019

Courts have traditionally used technology to enhance their internal operations. “Outward‐facing” technology focuses on meeting the needs of the court's customers. The article gives 18 examples of such technology and shows how better serving a court's customers provides direct benefits to the court itself.
COX‐2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB alleviates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting senescence
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Yu , Duan Jia‐Xi , Yang Hui‐Hui , Sun Chen‐Chen , Zhong Wen‐Jing , Tao Jia‐Hao , Guan Xin‐Xin , Jiang Hui‐Ling , Hammock Bruce D. , Hwang Sung Hee , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha‐Xiang
Published: October 2019

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a senescence‐associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating the disease process. Mounting evidence suggests that arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of various fibrosis. However, the relationship between the metabolism of ARA and PF is still elusive. In this study, we observed a disorder in the cyclooxygenase‐2/cytochrome P450 (COX‐2/CYP) metabolism of ARA in the lungs of PF mice induced by bleomycin (BLM). Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of COX‐2/CYP‐derived ARA metabolic disorders in PF. PTUPB, a dual COX‐2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, was used to restore the balance of COX‐2/CYP metabolism. sEH is an enzyme hydrolyzing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from ARA by CYP. We found that PTUPB alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue and collagen deposition, as well as reduced senescence marker molecules (p16Ink4a and p53‐p21Waf1/Cip1) in the lungs of mice treated by BLM. In vitro, we found that PTUPB pretreatment remarkably reduced the expression of senescence‐related molecules in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) induced by BLM. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that the COX‐2/CYP‐derived ARA metabolic disorders may be a potential therapeutic target for PF via inhibiting the cellular senescence in AECs.
A guide to assessing endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and stress in mammalian systems
Authors: Sicari Daria , Delaunay‐Moisan Agnès , Combettes Laurent , Chevet Eric , Igbaria Aeid
Published: October 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle that constitutes the entry into the secretory pathway. The ER contributes to the maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis and productive secretory, and transmembrane protein folding. Physiological, chemical, and pathological factors that compromise ER homeostasis lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). To cope with this situation, cells activate an adaptive signaling pathway termed the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims at restoring ER homeostasis. The UPR is transduced through post‐translational, translational, post‐transcriptional, and transcriptional mechanisms initiated by three ER‐resident sensors, inositol‐requiring protein 1α, activating transcription factor 6α, and PRKR‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. Determining the in and out of ER homeostasis control and UPR activation still represents a challenge for the community. Hence, standardized criteria and methodologies need to be proposed for monitoring ER homeostasis and ER stress in different model systems. Here, we summarize the pathways that are activated during ER stress and provide approaches aimed at assess ER homeostasis and stress in vitro and in vivo mammalian systems that can be used by researchers to plan and interpret experiments. We recommend the use of multiple assays to verify ER stress because no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one.
The EuroSIDA study: 25 years of scientific achievements
Authors: Laut K , Kirk O , Rockstroh J , Phillips A , Ledergerber B , Gatell J , Gazzard B , Horban A , Karpov I , Losso M , d’Arminio Monforte A , Pedersen C , Ristola M , Reiss P , Scherrer AU , de Wit S , Aho I , Rasmussen LD , Svedhem V , Wandeler G , Pradier C , Chkhartishvili N , Matulionyte R , Oprea C , Kowalska JD , Begovac J , Miró JM , Guaraldi G , Paredes R , Raben D , Podlekareva D , Peters L , Lundgren JD , Mocroft A
Published: October 2019

The EuroSIDA study was initiated in 1994 and follows adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 100 collaborating clinics across 35 countries covering all European regions, Israel and Argentina. The study aims to study the long‐term virological, immunological and clinical outcomes of PLHIV and to monitor temporal changes and regional differences in outcomes across Europe. Annually collected data include basic demographic characteristics, information on AIDS‐ and non‐AIDS‐related clinical events, and details about antiretroviral therapy (ART), hepatitis C treatment and other medications, in addition to a range of laboratory values. The summer 2016 data set held data from a total of 23 071 individuals contributing 174 481 person‐years of follow‐up, while EuroSIDA’s unique plasma repository held over 160 000 samples. Over the past 25 years, close to 300 articles have been published in peer‐reviewed journals (h‐index 52), covering a range of scientific focus areas, including monitoring of clinical and virological outcomes, ART uptake, efficacy and adverse events, the influence of hepatitis virus coinfection, variation in the quality of HIV care and management across settings and regions, and biomarker research. Recognizing that there remain unresolved issues in the clinical care and management of PLHIV in Europe, EuroSIDA was one of the cohorts to found The International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Disease (RESPOND) cohort consortium on infectious diseases in 2017. In celebration of the EuroSIDA study’s 25th anniversary, this article aims to summarize key scientific findings and outline current and future scientific focus areas.
Chinese Labor Migration to Europe, 2008‐16. Implications for China‐EU Mobility in the Post‐crisis Context
Authors: Plewa Piotr
Published: October 2019

The article examines the evolution of Chinese labour migration to the UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Italy in order to elucidate how the flows and stocks of Chinese workers have evolved since the Global Economic Crisis, and what implications this has have for Sino‐European mobility partnerships in the post‐crisis context. It explains: (1) What comparative data are available on Chinese labour migration to the six principal countries of destination in Europe; (2) How have Chinese labour migration flows and stocks evolved since the GEC; (3) How may the new Chinese workers’ mobility to Europe affect their rights?
Settlement of juvenile glass sponges and other invertebrate cryptofauna on the Hecate Strait glass sponge reefs
Authors: Guillas Keenan C. , Kahn Amanda S. , Grant Nathan , Archer Stephanie K. , Dunham Anya , Leys Sally P.
Published: October 2019

Glass sponge reefs are endemic to the continental shelf waters of British Columbia and Alaska, where they form complex three‐dimensional habitats used by a variety of commercially important fish and invertebrate species. The Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Area (HSQCS‐MPA) was designated in February 2017 to protect 2,410 km2 of reef habitat. Efforts to establish baseline information regarding reef‐associated taxa in the new MPA have documented the diversity of megafauna in detail, but little is understood of the cryptic epifauna inhabiting hidden crevices within the reefs, and even less is understood of larval recruitment, the key reproductive process maintaining long‐term reef health and stability. We collected specimens of a reef‐building glass sponge, Farrea occa, from the HSQCS‐MPA and described the diversity of their epifauna. Five hundred and two organisms from six phyla were documented, including 84 sponges from three classes. We found several glass sponges: known juvenile reef builders (two Aphrocallistes vastus and two Heterochone calyx); the lyssacine sponge Leucopsacus scoliodocus, previously known in Canadian waters only from Jervis Inlet; and an unidentified dictyonine sponge previously unknown to waters of British Columbia. Also present were the carnivorous sponge Lycopodina occidentalis, 11 individuals of Desmacella austini, evidence for a new species in the subgenus Haliclona (Flagellia), and a clathrinid calcareous sponge. The growth stages we observed suggest multiple settlement events by glass sponge larvae between February and early March. Of the 502 invertebrates, 460 were attached to dead sponge skeleton despite live tissue being much more available as substrate. This study highlights trends in recruitment at sponge reefs, explores factors that may affect larval settlement, describes new sponge associations, and provides the first description of the range of macrofauna found on glass sponges, acting as a baseline for continued monitoring of the MPA.
Three‐dimensional image integration guidance for cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation procedures
Authors: Bourier Felix , Vlachos Konstantinos , Lam Anna , Martin Claire A , Takigawa Masateru , Kitamura Takeshi , Massoullié Grégoire , Cheniti Ghassen , Frontera Antonio , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Klotz Nicolas , Derval Nicolas , Denis Arnaud , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Cochet Hubert , Jaïs Pierre , Sacher Frédéric
Published: October 2019

Background

We present a new, easily applicable approach for the guidance of cryoballoon (CB) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures that use the combination of a 3D‐mapping system image integration module and computed tomographic (CT)–derived anatomy. The aim of this retrospective, nonrandomized study was to investigate: (a) an alternative use for an established radiofrequency image integration module for cryo procedures; (b) a guidance technology for cryo PVI based on integrated CT anatomy; and (c) its clinical impact.

Methods and results

CT left atrium–angiography was performed in 50 consecutive patients before a CB PVI procedure, and a 3D reconstruction of the cardiac anatomy was segmented. A total of 25 patients were treated using conventional fluoroscopy; 25 patients were treated using the 3D image integration technique. In the image integration group, the CARTO3 UNIVU (Biosense Webster) module was used for image integration of 3D anatomy and fluoroscopic imaging. Transseptal puncture and cryo PVI were guided by 3D‐overlay imaging. Procedures were feasible without complications in all patients and cryo PVI procedures were successfully guided using the image integration technique. The intraprocedural time needed to perform image integration was 37 ± 10 seconds. Fluoroscopy time was 31.7 ± 11.7 minutes in the conventional group and 20.1 ± 7.9 minutes in the image integration group (P < .001), procedure time was 116.3 ± 29.0 minutes in the conventional group vs 101.2 ± 20.9 minutes in the 3D group (P = .04).

Conclusion

3D‐overlay guidance of CB PVI is feasible, safe, and applicable in real time with minimal effort. It may significantly reduce radiation exposure by introducing 3D information, known from electroanatomic mapping systems, into cryo PVI procedures.
The impact of job training on temporary worker performance: Field experimental evidence from insurance sales agents
Authors: Lyons Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Despite the limited incentives they provide for idiosyncratic investment, temporary work arrangements are becoming increasingly common. Using evidence from a field experiment conducted among salespeople in a Kenyan insurance firm, this paper examines the consequences of providing job training for temporary workers. The findings show that providing access to training significantly increases firm revenue, primarily due to performance increases among higher‐ability workers. The findings from the study are consistent with temporary workers willingness to invest in job training when the job‐specific returns from doing so are sufficiently high.
Exercise Maintenance in Older Adults 1 Year After Completion of a Supervised Training Intervention
Authors: Timmons James F. , Griffin Colin , Cogan Karl E. , Matthews James , Egan Brendan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Barriers and facilitators of exercise maintenance and residual effects of exercise training intervention on physical and cognitive function after the cessation of training are inadequately described in older adults.

DESIGN AND SETTING

One year after the cessation of a supervised exercise training intervention, a mixed methods approach employed a quantitative phase that assessed body composition and physical and cognitive function and a qualitative phase that explored determinants of exercise maintenance after participation in the intervention.

PARTICIPANTS

Community‐dwelling older Irish adults (aged >65 years) who had completed 12 weeks of supervised exercise training 1 year previously.

MEASUREMENTS

Fifty‐three participants (male/female ratio = 30:23; age = 70.8 ± 3.9 years) completed the follow‐up testing comprising body composition and physical and cognitive function. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 participants (male/female ratio = 6:6) using the Theoretical Domains Framework to inform the interview guide.

RESULTS

At 1 year follow‐up, body fat increased (mean = 4.3%; 95% confidence limit = 2.2% to 6.3%), while lean body mass (mean = −0.6%; 95% confidence limit = −1.2% to −0.1%), strength (leg press, mean = −5.6%; 95% confidence limit = −8.3% to −2.8%; chest press, mean = −11.0%; 95% confidence limit = −14.8% to −7.8%), and cognitive function (mean = −3.7%; 95% confidence limit = −5.7% to −1.8%) declined (all P < .05). Interviews revealed key facilitators (social aspects and beliefs about benefits of exercise) and barriers (affordability and general aversion to gyms) to exercise maintenance in this population.

CONCLUSION

Key barriers and facilitators to exercise maintenance were identified, which will inform the development of future behavior change interventions to support exercise participation and maintenance in older adults to mitigate adverse changes in body composition and physical and cognitive function with advancing age. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:163–169, 2019
Drug Therapy and Frailty: Chicken or the Egg?
Authors: Rochon Paula A. , Stall Nathan M. , Holmes Holly M.
Published: October 2019

This editorial comments on the articles by Bergen et al. and Shmuel et al.
Dietary intake of fatty acids and antioxidants in relation to radiographic knee osteoarthritis: results from a case–control study
Authors: Alissa E. M. , Alzughaibi L. S. , Marzouki Z. M.
Published: October 2019

Background

The present study aimed to investigate levels of nutrient intakes, including dietary antioxidant quality (DAQ) score, among Saudi females with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA). We also aimed to examine the relationship between nutrient intakes and knee OA severity.

Methods

One hundred female participants with symptomatic primary knee OA were matched for age with 100 apparently healthy females and were sequentially recruited from the Orthopaedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, in a case–control study design. Radiographic disease severity of OA was assessed by the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Symptomatic severity was evaluated according to the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis scores. Dietary intake was assessed using a prevalidated food frequency questionnaire. The DAQ score was calculated considering the risk of an inadequate intake (<2/3 reference nutrient intake) for selenium, zinc, vitamins A, C and E.

Results

A higher intake of saturated fatty acids [15.4 (0.3) as a mean (SD) percentage of energy supplied] and monounsaturated fatty acids [16.6 (0.2) as a percentage of energy supplied] than the recommendations was evident among the study population. OA patients consume less antioxidants than non‐OA subjects as determined by their DAQ score [8.41 (0.1) versus 9.17 (0.1), P < 0.0001]. After adjusting for potential confounders, DAQ score, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, most of the micronutrient intakes were found to be negatively associated with the prevalence of radiographic knee OA.

Conclusions

Dietary antioxidants could be implicated in the development and progression of knee OA. Modifying dietary fatty acids may be one way of reducing the development and subsequent burden of knee OA.
A Liquidity‐Based Resolution of the Uncovered Interest Parity Puzzle
Authors: LEE SEUNGDUCK , JUNG KUK MO
Published: October 2019

A new monetary theory is set out to resolve the “uncovered interest parity (UIP)” puzzle. It explores the possibility that liquidity properties of money and nominal bonds can account for the puzzle. A key concept in our model is that nominal bonds carry liquidity premia. We show that the UIP can fail to hold under the economic environment where collateral pledgeability and/or liquidity of nominal bonds and/or collateralized credit‐based transactions are relatively bigger. Our liquidity‐based theory can help understanding many empirical observations that risk‐based explanations find difficult to reconcile with.
Taxane and epothilone‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Tamburin Stefano , Park Susanna B. , Alberti Paola , Demichelis Chiara , Schenone Angelo , Argyriou Andreas A.
Published: October 2019

Taxane‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (TIPN) is the most common non‐hematological side effect of taxane‐based chemotherapy, and may result in dose reductions and discontinuations, having as such a detrimental effect on patients' overall survival. Epothilones share similar mechanism of action with taxanes. The typical TIPN clinical presentation is mainly comprised of numbness and paresthesia, in a stocking‐and‐glove distribution and may progress more proximally over time, with paclitaxel being more neurotoxic than docetaxel. Motor and autonomic involvement is less common, whereas an acute taxane‐induced acute pain syndrome is frequent. Patient reported outcomes questionnaires, clinical evaluation, and instrumental tools offer complementary information in TIPN. Its electrodiagnostic features include reduced/abolished sensory action potentials, and less prominent motor involvement, in keeping with a length‐dependent, axonal dying back predominately sensory neuropathy. TIPN is dose‐dependent and may be reversible within months after the end of chemotherapy. The single and cumulative delivered dose of taxanes is considered the main risk factor of TIPN development. Apart from the cumulative dose, other risk factors for TIPN include demographic, clinical, and pharmacogenetic features with several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms potentially linked with increased susceptibility of TIPN. There are currently no neuroprotective strategies to reduce the risk of TIPN, and symptomatic treatments are very limited. This review critically examines the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors (both clinical and pharmacogenetic), clinical phenotype and management of TIPN.
Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the unique Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from eastern Asia
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Hua , Wang Chao‐Yong , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Dai‐Gui , Li Ke‐Gang , Nie Ze‐Long , Meng Ying
Published: October 2019

Saxifraga L. is the largest genus in Saxifragaceae and a characteristic component of the herbaceous flora of the temperate and alpine mountains in the Northern Hemisphere. Section Irregulares is a small group of 15–20 species, representing one of the early‐diverged lineages in the genus characterized with unique zygomorphic flowers. We used both nuclear internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA regions (psbA‐trnH, trnL‐F, and matK) to reconstruct its species relationships, estimate divergence times, and infer its historical biogeography. Our phylogenetic results corroborate the monophyly of sect. Irregulares and its sister relationship to sect. Heterisia from North America. The section was well resolved into two lineages corresponding to their morphological features and biogeographic distributions. One represents ser. Stoloniferae including S. stolonifera Curtis and S. nipponica Makino with long‐creeping stolons/rhizomes and small petals with spots and the other comprises the remaining taxa (ser. Rufescentes) which lack long‐creeping rhizomes. Spots on leaves (abaxially spotted vs. abaxially without spots) and spots on petals (without spots vs. with spots) are inferred to be phylogenetically informative within ser. Rufescentes. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area analysis suggested a western North American origin of sect. Irregulares with migration into East Asia by way of the Bering land bridge in the Middle Oligocene. The development of drying and desertification belt in the late Miocene could have played an important role in the subsequent restriction and separation of the north and south lineages within eastern Asia.
Weighted‐Covariance Factor Decomposition of Varma Models Applied to Forecasting Quarterly U.S. Real GDP at Monthly Intervals
Authors: Zadrozny Peter A. , Chen Baoline
Published: October 2019

Suppose a vector autoregressive moving‐average model is estimated formobserved variables of primary interest for an application andn–mobserved secondary variables to aid in the application. An application indicates the variables of primary interest but usually only broadly suggests secondary variables that may or may not be useful. Often, one has many potential secondary variables to choose from but is unsure which ones to include in or exclude from the application. The article proposes a method called weighted‐covariance factor decomposition (WCFD), comparable to Stock and Watson's method here called principle‐components factor decomposition (PCFD), for reducing the secondary variables to fewer factors to obtain a parsimonious estimated model that is more effective in an application. The WCFD method is illustrated in the article by forecasting quarterly observed U.S. real GDP at monthly intervals using monthly observed four coincident and eight leading indicators from the Conference Board (http://www.conference‐board.org). The results show that root mean‐squared errors of GDP forecasts of PCFD‐factor models are 0.9–11.3% higher than those of WCFD‐factor models especially as estimation‐forecasting periods pass from the pre‐2007 Great Moderation through the 2007–2009 Great Recession to the 2009–2016 Slow Recovery.
Long‐standing nonulcerative bladder pain syndrome: Impact of Thiele massage on bladder and sexual domains
Authors: El‐Hefnawy Ahmed S. , Soliman Hanan Mohamed Mohamed , Abd‐Elbary Shaimaa Omar Mohamed , Shereif Wafaa Ismail
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of Thiele massage (TM) as monotherapy for nonulcerative interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).Methods: A prospective evaluation of 40 women with IC/BPS who underwent TM was conducted. TM was initially administrated by a physiotherapist and then self‐administrated at home twice weekly for 16 weeks. Patients were assessed every 4 weeks on an outpatient basis. Assessment tools included 3‐day voiding diaries, the Likert visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI) and the Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI) of the O'Leary‐Sant questionnaire. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).Results: Thirty‐six patients completed the study with a mean age ± SD 41.31 ± 9.93 (range 21‐60 years). The mean duration of illness ± SD was 81.29 ± 34.55 (range 12‐300 months). Perception of pain was higher than at basal level according to Likert VAS (9.2 ± 1.5 vs 9.8 ± 0.5, P = .018). The ICSI and ICPI questionnaires were deteriorated (16.83 ± 2.57 vs 12.89 ± 3.50, P = .015 and 15.75 ± 0.94 vs 14.31 ± 2.55, P < .001, respectively). TM had no significant impact on the total score of FSFI (P = .119); however, there was a negative impact on the lubrication domain with more dryness (0.045).Conclusions: TM is not an effective option as monotreatment modality for nonulcerative IC/BPS. An attempt of physiotherapy should be integrated in a multidisciplinary treatment.
Skeptical Theism Unscathed: Why Skeptical Objections to Skeptical Theism Fail
Authors: Hendricks Perry
Published: October 2019

Arguments from evil purport to show that some fact about evil makes it (at least) probable that God does not exist. Skeptical theism is held to undermine many versions of the argument from evil: it is thought to undermine a crucial inference that such arguments often rely on. Skeptical objections to skeptical theism claim that it (skeptical theism) entails an excessive amount of skepticism and therefore should be rejected. In this article, I show that skeptical objections to skeptical theism have a very limited scope: only those who reject certain (apparently) popular epistemological theories will be threatened by them.