bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argument and Adjunct Purpose Constructions in Hill Mari
Authors: Rakhman D. M.
Published: October 2021

In this study the author suggests a new systemic model of purpose constructions in Hill Mari - a Finno-Ugric language, spoken by approximately 30 000 people living mostly in Mari El Republic, located in Volga river basin. (Here and thereafter (if the opposite is not stated overtly) the term “purpose clause” or “purpose construction” is used in its traditional wide sense and should not be confused with “Purpose clauses” opposed to “Rationale clauses” in R. A. Faraci’s terms (1974).) There are two core strategies of marking the embedded predicate which can be used in contexts denoting purpose in Hill Mari. Firstly, an imperative form can be used. This option is reserved for different-subjects contexts. Secondly, an embedded predicate can be marked as infinitive. Notably, such a clause allows for its subject to be expressed overtly, in which case it is marked by Dative. Typically, though, the subject of an infinitival purposive clause is omitted and obligatorily controlled by a certain argument of a matrix clause. Finally, there are two peripheral constructions - those of perfect tense and non-past tense. Both are quite marginal and not universally accepted. This study also discusses the interaction between aforementioned strategies and purpose complementizers (conjunctions) š (borrowed from Russian) and. However, what constitutes the main theoretical concern of this study are certain peculiar traits of the subordinate null subject’s behavior. The paper adopts a standard generative approach (within Chomsky’s minimalist program) and argues that Hill Mari purpose constructions can be divided into two groups, namely, argument ones, occupying the position of VP complement, and adjunct ones, which are attached as VP adjuncts. This structural distinction can account for the indirect object control, which is possible in all cases, and direct object control, which is only allowed in case of certain matrix predicates. Such an analysis links Hill Mari purpose construction’s distinction to the Purpose/Rationale clauses distinction proposed for English in R. A. Faraci (1974). Finally, Hill Mari infinitival purpose clauses’ specific traits can potentially provide certain insights for the general theory of ditransitive constructions. Thus, among the main current approaches only that developed by L. Pylkkänen (2008) can account for the facts observed in Hill Mari. L. Pylkkänen argues that in some languages double objects constructions can be derived via “high” applicative head, taking VP as its complement and indirect object as its specifier. Our study argues that this is also likely to be the case in Hill Mari.
Interaction and Interference of Languages in Bilingual Germans of the Vyatka Region of Russia
Authors: Bukharov V. M. , Baykova O. V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the interaction of the German and Russian languages in the speech of bilingual Germans who were born and live in a Russian-speaking environment in the Vyatka region of Russia. This task involves the study of their usage, interference (including phonetic, lexical and syntactic assimilation), as well as borrowings and code-switching. The dialects of the Russian Germans of the Vyatka region have a status of migrant and belong to a category of vanishing supraregional linguistic entities. The function of this variety of language is to provide a link between the native German language of the immigrants (L1) and Russian, their major surrounding language (L2). In addition, the German language of the Vyatka region reflects new linguistic contacts caused by multiple forced migrations during the Second World War. As a result of these mass relocations, some new processes in interaction of dialects arose, not observed in their mother colonies. The resulting variety of usage can be referred to as a German-Russian interlanguage. Before the World War II, all German dialects for more than two centuries have been confined in Russia to enclaves (or dialect islands). After mass deportations, they transformed both geographically and, for certain dialects, in terms of social composition. Taking this into account, the study of their interactions acquires greater importance for understanding similar processes associated with modern intercultural language contacts, in general. These changes in the language environment boosted linguistic interference at all levels; they also account for the tendency to bilingual behavior common both for speakers of standard and dialectal German. Our analysis of these processes is based on the interviews with bilingual Germans of the Vyatka region of Russia recorded during dialectological trips to this enclave. The study identifies and describes phonetic interactions (both segmental and supersegmental), morphological and syntactic interferences in the Russian and German speech of the Germans of this dialect island. All these processes in L1 and L2, as well as their distortion and mixing, are typical for the mechanisms governing their bilingual performance as well as the degree of its stability.
Evaluation of cervical spine injury and predicting neurological deficit by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharashtra, INDIA., Bhadane Sushant H
Published: October 2021

Background: The consequences of cervical spine injuries range from simple neck pain, to quadriplegia, or even death. MR imaging has become part of the diagnostic and prognostic tools for spinal cord injury. Aim: To prospectively evaluate cervical spine injuries by MR imaging and to find out association of MR imaging findings with degree of neurological deficit. Material and Methods: Descriptive longitudinal hospital based study was conducted on 30 patients with known or suspected cervical spine trauma who presented to the emergency department. Results: Mean age of the cases was about 42 years, with female to male ratio of 1:6.5. C6-C7 spinal level was most commonly involved. Proportions complete spinal cord injury (CSCI), incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) and neurologically normal (NN) were 23.33%, 60% and 16.67% respectively. Out of 12 MRI findings, cord haemorrhage, contusion, posterior element fracture, disc injury, prevertebral hematoma, subluxation and soft tissue injury was statistically associated with degree of neurological deficit. Cord contusion, cord haemorrhage and posterior element fracture were potential predictors of neurological status at admission. Cord contusion, cord haemorrhage and subluxation were potential predictors at 3 months. Conclusion: MRI proved a pivotal role in the diagnosis of SCIs, deciding prompt management and predicting neurological deficit and prognosis of neurological recovery. So, MRI is an excellent diagnostic modality for the evaluation of spinal trauma and predicting the degree of neurological deficit and recovery.
Role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detection and characterization of cerebral stroke
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, M P Shah Government Medical College and G G Government Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat- 361008, INDIA., Makada M T
Published: October 2021

Background: DW MRI is a relatively recent imaging technique in which water self-diffusion is a source of contrast on MR images. 1Because cytotoxic edema occurs in just a few minutes of a critical decrease in cerebral blood flow, DWI may show most acute infarctions. This is particularly useful when thrombolytic therapy, which can only be used within a short window of opportunity, is considered. Also, DWI identifies acute lesions in patients with multiple chronic ischemic lesions. It also identifies the new extension of the previous ischemic lesions. Methodology: 50 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of stroke who underwent conventional MR imaging of brain were randomly considered for this study. These patients were prospectively subjected for DWI along with conventional MRI study. DW images were evaluated for the calculation of ADC values and ADC maps. Result: The age range of patients in this group varied from 5 years to 82 years; majority of patients being in 51 to 70 years age group. 28 patients were male and 22 were female. Of the 50 patients in this group, the MR study was performed in time interval ranging from within 6 hours after the initial symptom onset upto 4 to 7 days time interval between onset of symptoms and study. DWI imaging shows very high sensitivity compared to T2 weighted imaging particularly imaging within first 12 hours of symptoms onset. After 12 hours DWI and T2 weighted imaging show almost equal sensitivity for lesion detection.
EDITORIAL: WITH THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Yurchenko I.Yu.
Published: October 2021

In the editorial note, the chief scientific editor of the journal and the Scientific Secretary of the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Engineering and Water Use discusses the topical and most pressing problems of the beginning of the new academic year 2021/2022. The new school year begins again amid the continuation of the global pandemic of the Covid-19 coronavirus. The continuation of the pandemic raises legitimate concerns among the academic community. Once again, like a year ago, students and teachers are concerned about the possible consequences of the pandemic's interference in the educational process, scientific and academic life. All our readers remember the experience of the forced combination of distance and intramural-extramural formats of organizing the educational process in various situations of quarantine restrictions and mass vaccination. Autumn is close and this experience may become relevant again. In the final part of the article, the author, as always, drew attention to the current tasks of further development and promotion of the journal "Bulletin of the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Engineering and Water Use".
THE REGIMENT OF MILITARY FOREMAN KARSHIN OF THE 4TH LITARY FOREMAN IN 1806- 1812
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zakharevich A.V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the history of participation in the protection of the Cavalry line from the raids of the highlanders of the regiment of military sergeant Karshin 4th in the period 1806-1812. Updated data on the composition of the regiment of the Don Army during the Napoleonic Wars, more complete biographical data of the first commander of the regiment, military sergeant Dmitry Ivanovich Karshin of the 4th and the composition of his regiment are given.
Family Harmony in Implementation of Pohutu Moponika Tradition in Gorontalo City in the Perspective of At-thufi’s Maslahah
Authors: Oktora Nency Dela , Putra Muhammad Yusuf , Mahmudah Nurul
Published: October 2021

This study is aimed at discussing the system and procession of indigenous Mohammed Moponika marriage in creating the value of family harmony in Gorontalo City based on At-Thufi’s perspective on maslahah.This study used in this research is the type of field research with descriptive method of phenomenological approach. The results of this study conclude that in the traditional procession of the Pohutu Moponika Marriage accommodates many aspects of benefit in an effort to give birth to a harmonious family. The value of benefit intended for the Pohutu Moponika tradition is to gain or gain benefits and reject harm in order to maintain goals syara‘. Although it is not regulated in the texts and does not seem to be in accordance with the provisions of the texts, the customary process of the Pohutu Moponika Marriage in Gorontalo does not aim to destroy religion. On the contrary, it is actually intended for the benefit of the bride and groom so that they can navigate a harmonious domestic life. Therefore, it is included in the maslahah category in accordance with the concept of al-Thufi. Basically, Allah Swt establishes the rules of command and prohibition that are essentially only intended for the good and benefit of humans.
Investigation of operational characteristics of axial displacement guides for thermal expansion systems of steam turbines
Authors: Sosnovskiy A. Yu. , Murmanskiy B. E. , Brodov Yu. M.
Published: October 2021

ТНЕ PURPOSE. To carry out a comparative analysis of the performance characteristics of the longitudinal movement guides of the external bearing housings of steam turbines, using the principle of rotation to ensure full contact of their lateral surfaces with the lateral surfaces of the guide groove at the base of the external bearing housing of the steam turbine. Compare the manufacturability of elements and their implementation for both existing and newly developed steam turbines

.METHODS. The permissible transverse forces are determined from the strength conditions and compared for the traditional design of fixed longitudinal guides and the design of guides, in which the principle of rotation is used to avoid "biting" of the bearing housing on the guides when temperature misalignment appears along the flanges of the turbine cylinder. Also, the allowable forces are determined and compared from the condition of the absence of plastic deformations in any of the elements of the interface of the guides, the base frame and the bearing housing. Based on the results obtained, the value of the permissible temperature misalignment along the flanges of the turbine cylinder is estimated. The analysis was carried out in relation to the operating conditions of the front bearing housing and HPC of turbines of the T 100/120-130 UTZ family.

RESULTS. It has been established that all the considered designs of guides with pivoting elements make it possible to exclude the occurrence of plastic deformations in the junction of the base frame and the outboard bearing housing at a temperature misalignment of 20°C regulated in most turbine operating instructions.

CONCLUSION. The design of longitudinal keys proposed by UTZ does not require a change in the technology for manufacturing the foundation frames and allows the unit to be modernized during repairs in a CHP. The best performance disc guide design can be used in new turbine designs or factory retrofits.
Regulation of the temperature of an individual heat point by changing the speed of the asynchronous motor
Authors: Sinyukova T. V. , Sinyukov A. V.
Published: October 2021

THEPURPOSE.To develop and investigate a mathematical model of an operating object – an individual heat point with two methods of controlling the temperature of the coolant. In the first case, the control of the temperature of the coolant is considered, with the help of a control valve installed on a real object. In the second case, a more reliable and less energy-consuming solution is proposed – replacing the control valve with a frequency- controlled electric drive operating according to the proposed optimal algorithm.

METHODS.Whensolvingthisproblem,themethodofcomputersimulationmodeling,implementedby means of Matlab Simulink, was used.

RESULTS.Thearticledealswiththeproblemsthat arise during the operation of an individual heating point. Possible solutions to the problemassociatedwiththefailure ofthecontrolvalve are given. A solution for regulating the temperature of the coolant is proposed, based on the use of a frequency-controlled electric drive of the electric pump. To implement the proposed solution, no redevelopment of the premises is required, only the installation of a frequency converter on the pump already available in the device of an individual heat station is necessary.

CONCLUSION. Theconductedresearchhasa practical focus, since the proposed solution is implemented at the existing facility. The use of a frequency-controlled electric drive of a centrifugal pump made it possible to increase the reliability of the existing facility. The results obtained during the simulation allow us to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of using the proposed solution.
Flow simulation in air intake system of gas turbine
Authors: Blinov V. L. , Zubkov I. S. , Brodov Yu. M. , Murmanskij B. E.
Published: October 2021

THE PURPOSE. To study the issues of air intake system’s performance as the part of the gas turbines. To estimate the possibility of modeling different performance factors of air intake systems with numerical simulation methods. To develop the recommendations of setting up the grid and the numerical models for researches in air intake system’s performance and assessing the technical condition of elements of it.

METHODS. The main method, which was used during the whole study, is computational fluid dynamics with usage of CAE-systems.

RESULTS.During the study the recommendations for setting up the numerical model were developed. Such factors as grid model parameters, roughness scale, pressure drop in elements of air intake system and some more were investigated. The method for heat exchanger’s performance simulation were created for modeling the air temperature raising.

CONCLUSION. The air intake system’s performance analysis becomes one of the actual topics for research because of the high demands of gas turbines to air, which is used in its annulus. The main part of these researches is in analysis of dangerous regimes of work (e.g. the icing process of annulus elements) or in assessing technical condition of air intake systems and its influence to the gas turbine as a whole. The developed method of numerical simulation allows to get the adequate results with low requirements for computational resources. Also this method allows to model the heat exchanger performance and study its defects’ influence to the performance of air intake system as a whole.
The influence of the last stage blades swirl to the efficiency of «stage-diffuser» unit of stationary GTU
Authors: Vokin L O. , Semakina E Yu , Chernikov V. A.
Published: October 2021

THE PURPOSE. Determination of the optimal law of swirling of the blades of the last stage of a stationary GTU. Due to the specificity of its operating conditions - in a system with a diffuser - the traditional laws of swirling lead to a non-optimal flow in the diffuser and, consequently, reduce the efficiency of the entire unit and the power plant as a whole. In this paper, we used numerical and experimental methods for studying a three-dimensional flow. Two stages with different laws of swirling were investigated - with the traditional law of constancy of the angle of flow out of the guide vanes along the radius, and with reverse swirling. The same diffuser was used in both cases.

METHODS. Experimental studies were carried out using pneumometric five-channel probes of an original design on an ET-4 aerodynamic stand in the Turbomachinery laboratory of SPbPU. Numerical studies were carried out in the CFX gas dynamic calculation package; the parameters in the corresponding sections, obtained during the physical experiment, were used as boundary conditions.

RESULTS. Integral characteristics of the stage, the vector of flow velocities in various sections were obtained. The experiment was compared with the numerical calculation and showed satisfactory convergence of the results.

CONCLUSION. The optimal swirling law for the last stage operating in a system with a diffuser is forced vortex flow.
An Investgation About the Relationship Between Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Persistent Type Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
Authors: Örnek Bahar Yeşil , Cumurcu Birgül Elbozan , Zayman Esra Porgali
Published: October 2021

Objective Functional neurogical symptom disorder (FNSD) is a somatic symptom disorder with loss of voluntary motor or sensory functions, which cannot be explained by another medical condition. The study aimed to examine the relationship of vasopressin and oxytocin in persistent type FNSD.Methods This study included 27 female patients between the ages of 20–57 who were diagnosed with FNSD according to DSM-5 and 27 healthy controls matched in terms of age and gender. Serum vasopressin and oxytocin levels were measured twice on the same day in fasting blood samples and the results were compared statistically.Results Vasopressin were lower in patients compared to controls while there was no difference between oxytocin levels. Childhood traumas were more common in patient group, and mean oxytocin level was lower in patients who exposed to childhood trauma, compared to controls. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of vasopressin.Conclusion Changes in vasopressin and oxytocin balance in the pathogenesis of persistant FNSD, may likely to lead to physiological and behavioral consequences. Lower oxytocin levels may also be a marker of exposure to childhood trauma in FNSD. These neuropeptides plays important role in neuroendocrine balance of emotional behavior.
Aristotelian and Stoic Syllogistic in the Anonymous Commentary on Plato’s Theaetetus
Authors: Hene Bernd
Published: October 2021

The present paper investigates the question as to how and for what purposes the Middle Platonic author of the Anonymous Commentary on Plato’s Theaetetus uses Aristotelian and Stoic syllogistic in his interpretation of the Platonic text. This investigation shows that the commentator employs Aristotelian categorical syllogistic as an exegetical tool for reconstructing arguments in the Platonic text, enabling him not only to uncover doctrinal statements that are in his view hidden in the Platonic text, but also to dissociate Plato from unwelcome propositions. By contrast, the commentator uses Stoic hypothetical syllogistic as a polemical tool for constructing ad hominem arguments against the Stoics. More precisely, the author exploits the Stoic type of deductive reasoning to draw anti-Stoic conclusions from premises that are accepted by the Stoics, and in doing so, he manages not only to refute Stoic doctrines, but also to corroborate the corresponding Platonic theories.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Tematik Di SDN 1 Kragilan
Authors: Sakti Bayu Purbha
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of thematic learning in SD N 1Kragilan.The research approach used is qualitative. The author determines SDN 1 Kragilan as aresearch location. Research data were collected by observation and interview techniques.Data analysis techniques used include the phase of data reduction, data display, and dataverification.The results showed that the teachers were able to understand thematic learning. Thematiclearning is learning taught to children that combines several subjects put together in atheme. Thematic learning can take lessons from the natural surroundings and everydaylife. The teachers have obstacles in carrying out thematic learning. The teachers find itdifficult to run a thematic learning assessment system. Students are not yet accustomed tousing thematic learning. The teachers already have a solution in thematic learning. Theteachers exchange information, knowledge, and opinions with other teachers aboutthematic learning.
The Influence of Digital Employee Experience and Employee Agility - Paper
Authors: Anggoro Bagus
Published: October 2021

Teknologi semakin maju dan berkembang setiap harinya. Bila perusahaan ingin tetap survive di dunia bisnis, maka perusahaan tersebut harus mengikuti kemana arah dari teknologi – teknologi ini menuju. Tentunya perusahaan tidak bisa berdiri sendiri tanpa bantuan karyawan – karyawannya. Itulah mengapa penting bagi perusahan untuk merekrut orang – orang yang “melek” teknologi, karena dengan begitu bila kualitas karywannya baik, maka sudah pasti kualitas perusahaan tersebut-pun akan naik.Dengan kualitas karyawan – karyawan yang mumpuni, perusahaan akan semakin efektf dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan – pekerjaannya. Pekerjaan akan selesai sesuai dengan tujuan, kualitas, kuantitas, dan waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Thematic Learning Implementation in Used Areas from Earthquake in Gantiwarno Sub-District Klaten Regency
Authors: Sakti Bayu Purbha
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find out the understanding, preparation, difficulties, and solutions to difficulties explored by teachers in the implementation of thematic learning in areas affected by earthquake disasters in Gantiwarno Sub-District, Klaten Regency. This research is a qualitative study conducted in a number of state elementary schools that were affected by the earthquake in Gantiwarno Sub-District, Klaten Regency. The two public elementary school teachers that were the object of research were the upper class teacher and the public elementary school teacher. Research data were collected by observation, documentation, and interview techniques. Research data were analyzed by data reduction, data display, and data verification. Thematic learning conducted in areas affected by the earthquake disaster in Gantiwarno Sub-District can be prepared by the teachers. The teachers prepare learning plans by making Learning Implementation Plans (RPP). The teachers find it difficult to run a thematic learning assessment system. Thematic learning material written in books is incomplete. The teachers experienced panic and confusion when a sudden earthquake occurred. The teachers have difficulty in learning outside the classroom. The teachers already have a solution in implementing thematic learning which was carried out in the area of the former earthquake disaster Gantiwarno Sub-District. The teachers exchange information, knowledge, and opinions with other teachers about thematic learning. The teachers can already practice what is printed in thematic textbooks. The teachers have also been able to apply learning strategies and methods according to thematic textbooks.
How to report E-values for meta-analyses: Recommended improvements and additions to the new GRADE approach
Authors: Mathur Maya B , VanderWeele Tyler
Published: October 2021

In a recent concept paper (Verbeek et al., 2021), the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group provides a preliminary proposal to improve its existing guidelines for assessing sensitivity to uncontrolled confounding in meta-analyses of nonrandomized studies. The new proposal centers on reporting the E-value for the meta-analytic mean and on comparing this E-value to a measured “reference confounder” to determine whether residual uncontrolled confounding in the meta-analyzed studies could or could not plausibly explain away the meta-analytic mean. Although we agree that E-value analogs for meta-analyses could be an informative addition to future GRADE guidelines, we suggest improvements to the Verbeek et al. (2021)’s specific proposal regarding: (1) their interpretation of comparisons between the E-value and the strengths of associations of a reference confounder; (2) their characterization of evidence strength in meta-analyses in terms of only the meta-analytic mean; and (3) the possibility of confounding bias that is heterogeneous across studies.
Muhammadi Ariqo Adiyatomo - 2201790065 // Assignment 1 (TUT)
Authors: Adiyatomo Muhammadi Ariqo
Published: October 2021

Untuk mempertahankan keunggulan kompetitif di tengah lingkungan yang tidak pasti dan kemajuan teknologi, perusahaan harus memiliki strategi untuk mengatasi hambatan kerja. Hambatan kerja dan gangguan digital yang terjadi pada teknologi, masyarakat, dan model bisnis berdampak terhadap pekerjaan dan aktivitas perusahaan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diperlukan keahlian digital dari karyawan (Syahchari, et. al., 2021).
A Reply to Breznau, Rinke, and Wuttke on the Discordant Outcomes of Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Goldman Daniel S
Published: October 2021

Breznau, Rinke, and Wuttke, et al. attempted to test for uniformity in the way hypotheses were tested across multiple research groups. They appeared to find a great deal of discord between conclusions reached using the same hypothesis and data. Yet, what they really found is that scientists are not properly understanding what hypotheses are.
The Shallow Cognitive Map Hypothesis: A Hippocampal framework for Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia
Authors: Musa Ayesha , Khan Safia , Mujahid Minahil , El-Gaby Mohamady
Published: October 2021

Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving thought disorder. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.
Adult Attachment Avoidance is Associated with Cortisol Awakening Response among Young Black Sexual Minority Men as Compared to Young White Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Cook Stephanie H. , Wood Erica , Chan Anthea , Rambarran Shakti , Calderon Liz
Published: October 2021

Research suggests that young sexual minority men (YSMM), particularly YSMM of color, are more likely to have dysregulated physiological stress responses as compared to their heterosexual counterparts. In addition, the quality of social relationships has been demonstrated to impact physiological stress patterns among young adults. One key indicator of social relationships is that of adult attachment, which refers to the types of socioemotional bonds that individuals form with peers, family, and romantic partners. However, the association between adult attachment and physiological stress functioning among diverse samples of YSMM has been underexplored. Thus, the current study sought to bridge this gap in the literature by exploring how race/ethnicity moderates the association between adult attachment and physiological stress patterns among Black versus White YSMM. N = 63 YSMM participated in a 5-day daily diary study in which they completed a baseline survey and provided saliva samples over the 5-day period in order to measure diurnal cortisol. Three-level hierarchical linear modeling was used in order to examine the association between race/ethnicity, adult attachment, and diurnal cortisol over the 5-day period. Results suggest that adult attachment avoidance was associated the cortisol awakening response (CAR) among YSMM. In addition, race/ethnicity moderated the association between adult attachment avoidance and the CAR such that YSMM who identified as Black had evidence of a more dysregulated physiological stress response as compared to YSMM who identified as White. Future research should focus on further unpacking the drivers of physiological stress patterns among White and Black YSMM.
Outlook Regarding Mental Illness In Patients And Caregivers In Eastern Nepal
Authors: Adhikari S. , Jha A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Mental health is an integral component of overall health. Various factors along with stigma affect knowledge, perspectives and behavior of the people ultimately affecting help seeking and treatment. The patient and their caregivers are directly involved in overall management and outcome. Hence ascertaining those aspects among them is important and so are aims of this study.
Material And Method: A cross sectional comparative study was carried out among 160 participants (80 patients and 80 caregivers) visiting neuropsychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected through semi-structured proforma and Attitude towards mental illness questionnaire (modified). Data were analysed by using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft excel.
Results: The socio-demographic profiles between both groups were similar. About 75% from both the groups had good knowledge about mental illness. Almost 60% from both groups had positive perception/attitude regarding mentally ill and mental illness with an only significant difference in relation to rights to mentally ill. More than 70% from both groups had positive attitude regarding help-seeking with only significant difference in view about people with mental illness seeking help from psychiatrist. About 50% from both groups had positive attitude regarding care and treatment.
Conclusion: With good knowledge and positive attitude/perception regarding mental illness, self-stigma persisted regarding some domains. Despite positive attitudes for help-seeking, ambivalent views regarding care and treatment into both groups necessitate easy accessibility and upgrading of mental health services.
Polityka pieniężna Europejskiego Banku Centralnego w odpowiedzi na kryzysy lat 2008–2020
Authors: Adamiec Danuta
Published: October 2021

The article explores the reaction of the European Central Bank (ECB) to two major economic crises that the EU had to face in the last two decades: the financial crisis which began in 2008 and the latest crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although causes underlying both crises were ultimately different, the response of the ECB was based on the same unconventional monetary policy tools. The author analyses the similarities and differences between both of these crises, as well as the ECB’s reaction to them, drawing attention to a shift in the ECB’s monetary policy towards unconventional tools and consequences of such a shift for the position and future policy directions of the ECB.
Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2021.
Authors: Lipovski Andrea
Published: October 2021

Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2021. sadrži pregled sredstava za zaštitu bilja dozvoljenih za uporabu u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2021. godini. Sva sredstva koja se stavljaju u promet u Republici Hrvatskoj moraju biti registrirana pri nadležnoj upravi Ministarstva poljoprivrede. Informacije o sredstvima za zaštitu bilja mogu se pronaći i na web stranicama Ministarstva poljoprivrede (FIS Web Portal). Sredstva su podijeljena prema namjeni u najznačajnije skupine: herbicidi, fungicidi i zoocidi. Svaka skupina sadrži pregled sredstava prema aktivnim tvarima. O svakom sredstvu navedeni su slijedeći podaci: trgovački naziv, formulacija, količina djelatne tvari, proizvođač i distributer, te koncentracija ili doza za suzbijanje uz popis štetočina i kultura za koje sredstvo ima dozvolu za primjenu. Također, navedene su i karence za kulture u kojima je primjena dozvoljena. Broj primjena naveden je za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, npr. krumpir (3), što označava tri primjene na krumpiru u jednoj vegetacijskoj sezoni. Zbog brojnih izmjena te dopuna rješenja i registracija, sredstva za zaštitu bilja se smiju koristiti isključivo prema uputama za uporabu koje se nalaze na ambalaži proizvoda. Svaka primjena sredstava za zaštitu bilja na bilo koji drugi način od navedenog u uputi za korištenje i na etiketi obavlja se isključivo na vlastitu odgovornost.
ГИПОТЕЗА КОНТАМИНАЦИИ МЕМБРАН НЕЙРОНОВ, ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ И КЕТОГЕННАЯ ДИЕТА
Authors:   Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН, Нечипуренко Ю.Д. , Гарсия Рейес Р.С. ,   Кубинский Центр нейронаук, Эрнандес Касерес Х.Л. ,   Кубинский Центр нейронаук
Published: October 2021

В свете новых данных рассматривается гипотеза Альтрупа о контаминации мембран нейронов при эпилепсии. Эта гипотеза связывает пароксизмальную деполяризацию, наблюдаемую при эпилептической активности, с пейсмекерным потенциалом одиночного нейрона. Физико-химические характеристики мембраны, текучесть и контаминации влияют на ее способность проводить импульс и перезаряжаться. Обсуждаются предложенные ранее способы лечения эпилепсии, основанные на кетогенной диете и их возможные объяснения в связи с гипотезой Альтрупа. Среди возможных механизмов действия кетогенной диеты подчеркивается антиэпилептическое действие кетоновых тел, роль повышенного синтеза глутатиона и эффект полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и холестерина, включенных в состав диеты. Эти три механизма приводят к регуляции текучести и других биофизических свойств липидного бислоя, а также к деконтаминации мембраны от амфифильных примесей, в соответствии с гипотезой Альтрупа.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ АПРОБАЦИЯ МЕТОДА ОБЪЕКТИВНОЙ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ БОЛЕВОГО СИНДРОМА
Authors:   Институт биомедицинских систем и технологий Санкт-Петербургского политехнического университета Петра Великого, Кожевникова А.В. , Белянин О.Л. ,   Федеральный научный центр реабилитации инвалидов им. Г.А. Альбрехта, Власова О.Л. ,   Институт биомедицинских систем и технологий Санкт-Петербургского политехнического университета Петра Великого,   Институт физиологии РАН
Published: October 2021

Представлены биофизические основы метода качественной и количественной опосредованной регистрации болевого синдрома и результаты его экспериментальной апробации. Предложенный метод на практике может быть использован для создания систем поддержки принятия врачебных решений, экспресс-диагностики.
Enabling Game-Theoretical Analysis of Social Rules
Authors: Montes Nieves , Osman Nardine , Sierra Carles
Published: October 2021

In the field of normative multiagent systems, the relationship between a game structure and its underpinning agent interaction rules is hardly ever addressed in a systematic manner. In this work, we introduce the Action Situation Language (ASL), inspired by Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework, to bridge the gap between games and rules. The ASL provides a syntax for the description of agent interactions, and is complemented by an engine that automatically provides semantics for them as extensive-form games. The resulting games can then be analysed using standard game-theoretical solution concepts, hence allowing any community of agents to automatically perform what-if analysis of potential new interaction rules.
Learning Cognitive-Affective Digital Twins from Social Networks
Authors: Navarro Andrea , Berlanga Rafael , Museros Lledó
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an ongoing project about the implementation of digital twins (DT) for simulating cognitive-affective behaviours in social networks. Our approach relies on a pure data-driven solution, which takes existing public data from social networks to learn cognitive models according to the profile, posts and interactions of the social network users. The final aim is that the learned cognitive models can be parameterised according to existing classifications of traits and emotions so that different behaviours can be eventually simulated with the resulting DTs. In this work, we propose the use of the Transformers neural-network architectures to both interpret incoming messages according to cognitive contexts, and to generate responses to these messages. The first experiments are aimed at integrating and measuring existing approaches for emotion recognition from texts.
A Customer Churn Detection Model for the Pay-TV Sector
Authors: López Vicente , Egea Rebeca , Museros Lledó , Sanz Ismael
Published: October 2021

The business environment today is characterized by high competition and saturated markets. Pay-tv platforms there are not an exception. Because of that, the cost to acquire new customers is much higher than the cost of retaining the existing customers. Therefore, it is important for Pay-TV platforms to keep controlled the Customer Churn. Therefore, the paper studies existing models used to predict Customer Churn in other context -like telecommunication companies customer Churn-and adapts them to the Pay-TV context. Another big problem faced in the paper is the fact that, in the data set udes in the paper there are not personal metrics, which are indispensables to solve the problem. Therefore this approach has defined new metrics in order to be able to predict customer churn.
Anomaly Detection for Diagnosing Failures in a Centrifugal Compressor Train
Authors: Palacín Ian , Gibert Daniel , Planes Jordi , Arena Simone , Orrù Pier Francesco , Melis Maurizio , Annis Marco
Published: October 2021

Predicting machine failures is of the utmost importance in industrial systems as it can turn expensive crashes and repair costs into affordable maintenance costs. To this end, this paper presents preliminary work for detecting failures in a centrifugal compressor train based on sensorial data. We show the detection capabilities of a two-step process consisting of: (1) a preprocessing step to reduce the dimensionality of the input data using Principal Component Analysis, and (2) an anomaly detection step using the Mahalanobis distance to detect anomalous observations on the sensors’ data. The experiments using real-world data demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and the ability of the method to detect the failures eight days in advance.
Pulse Identification Using SVM
Authors: Puyol-Gruart Josep , Garcia Calvés Pere , Vega Jesús , Ceballos Maria Teresa , Cobo Bea , Carrera Francisco J.
Published: October 2021

This paper is about dealing with a noisy signal containing pulses from a detector of X-ray photons. We are designing algorithms to detect pulses, separate them when overlapping, and measure the energy of photons and separation between pulses. In this paper, we present the detection of pulses using SVM.
Benchmarking Deep Learning Models on Point Cloud Segmentation
Authors: Zoumpekas Thanasis , Molina Guillem , Salamó Maria , Puig Anna
Published: October 2021

Point clouds are currently used for a variety of applications, such as detection tasks in medical and geological domains. Intelligent analysis of point clouds is considered a highly computationally demanding and challenging task, especially the segmentation task among the points. Although numerous deep learning models have recently been proposed to segment point cloud data, there is no clear instruction of which exactly neural network to utilize and then incorporate into a system dealing with point cloud segmentation analysis. Besides, the majority of the developed models emphasize more on the accuracy rather than the efficiency, in order to achieve great results. Consequently, the training, validation and testing phases of the models require a great number of processing hours and a huge amount of memory. These high computational requirements are commonly difficult to deal with for many users. In this article, we analyse five state-of-the-art deep learning models for part segmentation task and give meaningful insights into the utilization of each one. We advance guidelines based on different properties, considering both learning-related metrics, such as accuracy, and system-related metrics, such as run time and memory footprint. We further propose and analyse generalized performance metrics, which facilitate the model evaluation phase in segmentation tasks allowing users to select the most appropriate approach for their context in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Routine laboratory tests for staging of cervical cancer. Novel potentialities
Authors:   Medical Institute of the Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship, Moscow, Russian Federation, Stuklov N.I. ,   P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sushinskaya T.V. ,   P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation, Epifanova S.V. ,   Central Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic of the Department for Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shchepkina E.V. ,   LLC "Techdepartament", Khimki, Russian Federation, Kuznetsov A.I. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Aim: to identify and assess novel potentialities of routine lab tests to improve the accuracy of preoperative staging (spread) of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer (CC). Patients and Methods: 410 women aged 18–82 (median age 42 [34; 51] years) with verified HSIL or CC were enrolled. Women were selected through medical records. Test results were monitored during in-person examinations since the formulation of clinical diagnosis and after surgical staging. If no surgical staging was performed, histopathology and disease stage as established by protocol examinations using instrumental and lab tests were considered. Women were subdivided into groups based on disease stage and method of treatment. Several parameters (complete blood count, hemostasis, biochemical markers of iron metabolism) were measured. In HSIL, minimal mandatory instrumental tests included pelvic and regional lymph node ultrasound. In CC stage 1–4, pelvic and abdominal ultrasound, pelvic MRI, abdominal CT with contrast, and (sometimes) PET CT. Results: several routine parameters of peripheral blood (hemoglobin, RBCs, ESR, fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes/SFMC, D-dimer, ADP-induced platelet activation) were identified. Changes in the levels of these parameters within/above/below reference ranges illustrate the systemic effect of malignancy on the body and are a significant marker of regional metastasis of CC undiagnosed during a clinical examination. Conclusion: complex assessment of these parameters in CC allows for suspecting metastasis and requires more careful and reasonable examinations to improve the accuracy of prehospital diagnosis and determine management strategy. KEYWORDS: HSIL, cervical cancer, diagnosis, metastases, hematological markers, hemostasis, peripheral blood parameters, disease stage. FOR CITATION: Stuklov N.I., Sushinskaya T.V., Epifanova S.V. et al. Routine laboratory tests for staging of cervical cancer. Novel potentialities. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):229–237 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-229-237.
Bacterial lysates: conventional views and a new paradigm
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaplatnikov A.L. , Girina A.A. ,   Khanty-Mansi State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, Svintsitskaya V.I. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lepiseva I.V. ,   Children’s Republican Hospital, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, Leshik M.V. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses published data on therapeutic, preventive efficacy, and safety of bacterial lysates (BLs) in pediatric practice. Studies on the mechanisms of action of BLs are discussed. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the preventive effect of BLs is maintained even in the high level of bacterial lysis characterized by the presence of only small peptides or even their fragments without antigenic properties. The authors discuss the potential involvement of BLs in the development of trained immunity, whose effects last less time than a conventional epitope-specific adaptive immune memory. The article provides a pathogenic basis for BL use to prevent and manage recurrent respiratory infections and control respiratory allergic diseases as a part of complex treatment. Our data demonstrate a high efficacy of polyvalent mechanical BL to prevent acute and recurrent respiratory infections in children of organized communities, a reduced rate of bacterial complications, and the rate of antibiotic prescription when using BLs. Good tolerability and the lack of adverse and side effects of BLs are emphasized. KEYWORDS: bacterial lysates, asthma, children, immunity, immune prophylaxis, polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate, respiratory infections, recurrent respiratory infections, trained immunity. FOR CITATION: Zaplatnikov A.L., Girina A.A., Svintsitskaya V.I. et al. Bacterial lysates: conventional views and a new paradigm. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):284–291 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-284-291.