bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proliferation and differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblasts on type I collagen‐coated titanium alloy
Authors: Becker D. , Geißler U. , Hempel U. , Bierbaum S. , Scharnweber D. , Worch H. , Wenzel K.‐W.
Published: August 2002

Several attempts have been made to improve osseointegration of titanium alloy as an implant material by modification of its surface. In the present study, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts on type I collagen‐coated Ti6Al4V were investigated. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and the accumulation of calcium by osteoblasts grown on titanium alloy were significantly higher compared to cells grown on polystyrene. Precoating of the implant surface with type I collagen did not extensively affect proliferation, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, calcium accumulation, or the mRNA levels for collagen I α1, osteopontin, osteocalcin, MMP‐2, and TIMP‐2. Maximum collagen synthesis by osteoblasts was observed at day 4 of culture independent of the type of implant material. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase reached its maximum at day 18 of culture. Accumulation of calcium and elevated mRNA levels for osteocalcin were found at day 22. These results indicate that collagen‐coating alone is not sufficient to accelerate differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblasts on Ti6Al4V. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 516–527, 2002
Hemodynamic study of serial double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Yeh Jiann‐Horng , Chen Wei‐Hung , Chiu Hou‐Chang
Published: August 2002

Although hypotension is a potential complication for all procedures involving extracorporeal circulation, including plasmapheresis, the effects of serial double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) on hemodynamic status have rarely been reported. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) were prospectively monitored at 30‐minute intervals (baseline, M30, M60, M90, and Ml20) during procedures for 20 myasthenia gravis patients who underwent one course of five consecutive DFP treatments on alternate days, with hemodynamic parameters recorded and analyzed for all sessions. To evaluate the hemodynamic influence of protein loss resulting from serial DFP treatment, additional analysis of serum protein levels including albumin and globulin was conducted before and after the entire course of treatment. Longitudinal analysis on the systolic BP (SBP) changes over five sessions revealed that the SBP at baseline and at M30 dropped significantly during the third and fourth sessions, in comparison to the first (P < 0.05). By contrast, SBP at M120 rose significantly (P < 0.05) after the second session of treatment. A similar trend was revealed for the diastolic BP (DBP) with a significant fall recorded at baseline and at M30 for the fourth session. The PR did not differ significantly during consecutive DFP treatments. Globulin removal rates were correlated significantly with falls in SBP (r2 = 0.250, P = 0.048) and DBP (r2 = 0.405, P = 0.008). However, analogous albumin removal rate was not correlated with these hemodynamic parameters. In conclusion, our results confirm that hypoproteinemia is an important factor for contributing to unstable hemodynamics during serial DFP. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:33–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discontinuous‐flow plasmapheresis and patent foramen ovale: a possible cause of paradoxical embolism
Authors: Vicenzini E. , Altieri M. , Di Piero V. , Lenzi G. L.
Published: August 2002

A 68‐year‐old woman was admitted for a subacute polyradiculoneuropathy and submitted to PE. A central right jugular venous access was placed after the third PE procedure due to a failing peripheral blood access. During the fourth PE, performed with a discontinuous‐flow system (continuous‐flow used for 3 procedures), she developed multiple embolic ischemic lesions in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. A thorough cerebrovascular screening showed only a patent foramen ovale (PFO). In our case, a possible increase of the right atrium blood pressure induced by the positive flux of the discontinuous‐flow PE could have been responsible for a paradoxical embolism through the PFO. Plasma exchange (PE) is used in several neurologic disorders. It is commonly thought to be a relatively safe procedure. However, a number of adverse events may occur: paradoxical embolism has not been reported to occur. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:47–48, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collection efficiencies of MNC subpopulations during autologous CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvests in small children and adolescents
Authors: Witt V. , Fischmeister G. , Scharner D. , Printz D. , Pöttschger U. , Fritsch G. , Gadner H.
Published: August 2002

There is increasing demand for mononuclear cell (MNC) harvests not only for PBPC but also for immune therapies using dendritic cells and donor lymphocytes. We determined the collection efficiencies (CE) of various MNC subpopulations during CD34+ cell harvests using a Fenwal CS 3000 Plus Omnix system in small children and adolescents. The cell content of 140 leukapheresis products (LP) was prospectively evaluated in 45 pretreated patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The median age was 12 years (range 0.8–22), and the median body weight (BW) 43 kg (range 9–92). Depending upon the BW of the patients, the media used for priming were saline (SP) in 86, human albumin (HA, HAP) in 10, and packed red blood cells (BP) in 44 apheresis procedures. The major nucleated cell (NC) fractions collected were monocytes (52% of NC) and CD3+ T cells (26%). The median cell yield for monocytes was 174 × 106/kg (range 24–613) representing a CE of 55%. The median number of CD3+ T cells was 84 × 106/kg (range 5.6–380; CE = 74%). CD34+ cells represented a very small cell fraction of the LP (1.3% of NC), with a median yield of 4.2 × 106/kg (range 0.2–87) and a CE of 63%. The cell yield of various MNCs was significantly correlated with the cell count in the peripheral blood (PB) and with the blood volume processed (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). No influence on the CE was observed for the priming procedure, the patients' age or sex, or the other adaptations used in the harvesting protocol. In conclusion, the Fenwal CS 3000 Plus OMNIX system with the CD34+ cell program and the described adaptations, is also predictably useful for harvest of monocytes or lymphocytes in pediatric patients. We present regression equations that predict the cell yield of various MNC subpopulations in apheresis products. J. Clin. Apheresis 16:161–168, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presurgical plasma exchange for severe factor V deficiency
Authors: Baron Beverly W. , Mittendorf Robert , Baron Joseph M.
Published: August 2002

We report two patients with severe congenital factor V deficiency, one of whom also had a factor V inhibitor, who required correction of their coagulopathy prior to surgical procedures. They underwent plasma exchange (PE) with fresh frozen plasma or solvent/detergent treated plasma (S/DP), with achievement of factor V levels satisfactory for hemostasis for their procedures. PE makes it possible to raise factor levels quickly and sufficiently without volume overload. In addition, transient reduction of inhibitor titers by PE may improve the level of correction achievable during the perioperative period. The advent of S/DP promises to provide an added increment of safety in patients exposed to significant volumes of plasma during PE. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:29‐30, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged culture of HOS 58 human osteosarcoma cells with 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3, TGF‐beta, and dexamethasone reveals physiological regulation of alkaline phosphatase, dissociated osteocalcin gene expression, and protein synthesis and lack of mineralization
Authors: Siggelkow Heide , Schenck Michael , Rohde Manfred , Viereck Volker , Tauber Simone , Atkinson Michael J. , Hüfner Michael
Published: August 2002

Cultured rodent osteoblastic cells reiterate the phenotypic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts seen in vivo. As previously shown, the human osteosarcoma cell line HOS 58 represents a differentiated stage of osteoblast development. The potential of HOS 58 for still further in vitro differentiation suggests the line can serve as a model of osteoblast maturation. Using this cell line, we have investigated the influence of 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3 (D3), TGF‐beta and Dexamethasone (Dex) on proliferation and on the protein and mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP), procollagen 1 (Col 1), and osteocalcin (Oc), as well as mineralization during 28 days in culture. AP mRNA and protein were highly expressed throughout the culture period with further increase of protein AP activity at constant gene expression levels. A differentiation inhibiting effect of either TGF‐beta or Dex was seen. Col 1 was investigated without the use of ascorbic acid and showed only minor changes during culture time or stimulation. The gene expression for Oc increased continually whereas protein synthesis peaked at confluence and decreased thereafter. TGF‐beta and Dex treatments decreased Oc mRNA and protein levels. Stimulation by D3 was maximal at day 7 with a decrease thereafter. HOS 58 cells showed no mineralization capacity when stimulated with different agents, as measured by energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. This was not due to absence of Cbfa1 expression. In conclusion, the HOS 58 osteosarcoma cell line represents a differentiated cell line with highly expressed and physiologically regulated AP expression during further differentiation in culture. We observed a dissociation between osteocalcin gene expression and protein secretion which may contribute to the lack of mineralization in this cell line. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 279–294, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caspase cleavage product lacking amino‐terminus of IκBα sensitizes resistant cells to TNF‐α and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis*
Authors: Kim Ki‐Woo , Kim Byung Ju , Chung Chul‐Woong , Jo Dong‐Gyu , Kim In‐Ki , Song You‐Hyun , Kwon Yun‐Kyung , Woo Ha‐Na , Jung Yong‐Keun
Published: August 2002

In response to a diverse array of signals, IκBα is targeted for phosphorylation‐dependent degradation by the proteasome, thereby activating NF‐κB. Here we demonstrate a role of the cleavage product of IκBα in various death signals. During apoptosis of NIH3T3, Jurkat, Rat‐1, and L929 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas, serum deprivation, or TNF‐α, respectively, IκBα was cleaved in a caspase‐dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo cleavage assays and site‐directed mutagenesis showed that caspase‐3 cleaved IκBα between Asp31 and Ser32. Expression of the cleavage product lacking amino‐terminus (1–31), ΔIκBα, sensitized otherwise resistant NIH3T3 fibroblast cells to apoptosis induced by TNF‐α or TRAIL, and HeLa tumor cells to TNF‐α. ΔIκBα was more pro‐apoptotic compared to wild type or cleavage‐resistant (D31E)IκBα mutant and the sensitization elicited by ΔIκBα was as effective as that by the dominant negative mutant, (S32,36A)IκBα, in NIH3T3 cells. ΔIκBα suppressed the transactivation of NF‐κB induced by TNF‐α or TRAIL, as reflected by luciferase‐reporter activity. Conversely, expression of the p65 subunit of NF‐κB suppressed TNF‐α‐, TRAIL‐, and serum deprivation‐induced cell death. On the contrary, ΔIκBα was less effective at increasing the death rate of HeLa cells that were already sensitive to death signals including TRAIL, etoposide, or taxol. These results suggest that ΔIκBα generated by various death signals sensitizes cells to apoptosis by suppressing NF‐κB activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 334–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VEGF165 mediates formation of complexes containing VEGFR‐2 and neuropilin‐1 that enhance VEGF165‐receptor binding
Authors: Soker Shay , Miao Hua‐Quan , Nomi Masashi , Takashima Seiji , Klagsbrun Michael
Published: August 2002

Co‐expression of NRP1 and (VEGFR‐2) KDR on the surface of endothelial cells (EC) enhances VEGF165 binding to KDR and EC chemotaxis in response to VEGF165. Overexpression of NRP1 by prostate tumor cells in vivo results in increased tumor angiogenesis and growth. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying NRP1‐mediated angiogenesis by analyzing the association of NRP1 and KDR. An intracellular complex containing NRP1 and KDR was immunoprecipitated from EC by anti‐NRP1 antibodies only in the presence of VEGF165. In contrast, VEGF121, which does not bind to NRP1, did not support complex formation. Complexes containing VEGF165, NRP1, and KDR were also formed in an intercellular fashion by co‐culture of EC expressing KDR only, with cells expressing NRP1 only, for example, breast carcinoma cells. VEGF165 also mediated the binding of a soluble NRP1 dimer to cells expressing KDR only, confirming the formation of such complexes. Furthermore, the formation of complexes containing KDR and NRP1 markedly increased 125I‐VEGF165 binding to KDR. Our results suggest that formation of a ternary complex of VEGF165, KDR, and NRP1 potentiates VEGF165 binding to KDR. These complexes are formed on the surface of EC and in a juxtacrine manner via association of tumor cell NRP1 and EC KDR. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 357–368, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant Semliki Forest virus enhanced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression and storage in the megakaryocytic cell line MEG‐01
Authors: Chuang Joseph L. , Schleef Raymond R.
Published: August 2002

Platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor I (PAI‐1), a trace α‐granule protein, is a key physiological regulator of fibrinolysis. Because information on the packaging of PAI‐1 into α‐granules during megakaryocytopoiesis may reveal novel approaches for controlling hemostasis, this study investigated basal, plasmid‐mediated, and alphavirus‐mediated PAI‐1 packaging into α‐granules‐like structures in the megakaryocytic cell line MEG‐01. Differentiation of MEG‐01 cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was observed to result in a four‐fold increase in both secreted and cell‐associated PAI‐1 antigen over a four day period. Subcellular fractionation of PMA‐treated MEG‐01 cells on 45% self‐forming Percoll gradients was employed to separate low density membrane and Golgi‐rich fractions from a high density granule‐containing region. A subsequent 30–60% pre‐formed Percoll gradient was employed to remove contaminating lysosomes from the PAI‐1/glycoprotein IIbIIIa‐containing granules. Electron microscopy showed that these MEG‐01 granules share a similar size distribution (350–600 nm) and morphology to platelet α‐granules. PAI‐1 (40 ng/mg protein) in isolated MEG‐01 storage granules was ∼10% of the levels present in isolated platelet α‐granules. To elevate PAI‐1 production/storage, two expression systems were investigated. Experiments with plasmids encoding PAI‐1 and β‐galactosidase resulted in low transfection efficiency (0.001%). In contrast, Semliki Forest virus (SFV)‐mediated gene transfer increased cellular PAI‐1 by 31‐fold (1,200 ng/106 cells at 10 MOI) in comparison to mock‐infected cells. Pulse‐chase experiments demonstrated that SFV/PAI‐1 mediated gene expression could enhance PAI‐1 storage 6–9‐fold, reaching levels present within platelets. To document the ability of PAI‐1 to be stored in a rapidly releasable form in MEG‐01 cells, we isolated platelet‐like particles from the media conditioned by the cells and examined secretagogue‐induced release of PAI‐1. Particles from SFV/PAI‐1 infected cells display a 5‐fold enhanced secretion of PAI‐1 following treatment with ADP in comparison to particles incubated in the absence of secretagogue. These results suggest that SFV mediated gene expression in MEG‐01 cells provides a useful framework for analyzing the production and storage of α‐granule proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 277–289, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caveolae and the organization of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Lloyd Pamela G. , Hardin Christopher D.
Published: August 2002

We have previously found that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occur in separate “compartments” of the VSM cell. These compartments may result from spatial separation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes (Lloyd and Hardin [1999] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 277:C1250‐C1262). We have also found that an intact plasma membrane is essential for compartmentation to exist (Lloyd and Hardin [2000] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 278:C803‐C811), suggesting that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis may be associated with distinct plasma membrane microdomains. Caveolae are one such microdomain, in which proteins of related function colocalize. Thus, we hypothesized that membrane‐associated glycolysis occurs in association with caveolae, while gluconeogenesis is localized to non‐caveolae domains. To test this hypothesis, we disrupted caveolae in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of pig cerebral microvessels (PCMV) with β methyl‐cyclodextrin (CD) and examined the metabolism of [2‐13C]glucose (a glycolytic substrate) and [1‐13C]fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate (FBP, a gluconeogenic substrate in PCMV) using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Caveolar disruption reduced flux of [2‐13C]glucose to [2‐13C]lactate, suggesting that caveolar disruption partially disrupted the glycolytic pathway. Caveolae disruption may also have resulted in a breakdown of compartmentation, since conversion of [1‐13C]FBP to [3‐13C]lactate was increased by CD treatment. Alternatively, the increased [3‐13C]lactate production may reflect changes in FBP uptake, since conversion of [1‐13C]FBP to [3‐13C]glucose was also elevated in CD‐treated cells. Thus, a link between caveolar organization and metabolic organization may exist. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:399–408, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive and heat‐shock induced expression of Hsp70 mRNA during chicken testicular development and regression
Authors: Mezquita Belén , Mezquita Jovita , Durfort Mercè , Mezquita Cristóbal
Published: August 2002

The constitutive and heat shock induced expression of Hsp70 mRNA was investigated in normal adult chicken testis and in adult testis after testicular regression induced by diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment. In addition to the canonical form of Hsp70 mRNA, we have detected transcripts with an extended 5′UTR and transcripts containing, in the 5′UTR, sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA. Hsp70 was expressed in unstressed male gonads in adult and regressed testis, being the expression much lower in regressed testis. Upon heat shock at 44°C or 46°C, Hsp70 was highly induced in both tissues. However, when testicular seminiferous tubules were incubated at the chicken internal temperature of 39°C, no induction of Hsp70 was observed in mature testis, while the expression markedly increased in regressed testis. Induction at 39°C was completely inhibited in the presence of 6 mM aspirin. Aspirin in the range 3–10 mM decreases the expression of Hsp70 in unstressed and stressed testicular cells, in striking contrast with the effect observed in other tissues as liver. These data suggest that the expression of Hsp70 is regulated in a specific manner in chicken testis and particularly in the male gonad undergoing regression. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:480–490, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular and molecular properties associated with osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Benayahu D. , Shur I. , Marom R. , Meller I. , Issakov J.
Published: August 2002

Osteosarcoma cells are recognized by abnormal function that causes a primary bone tumor. Osteosarcoma cells U2OS and SAOS‐2 were analyzed for the expression of cell surface markers. High expression was quantified for hyaloronidase receptor (CD‐44) > moderate for integrins (CD‐51 and ‐61), > and lower for selectins (CD‐62). High mitotic capacity were demonstrated by gene expression (measured by RT‐PCR) and the protein level (measured by FACS) for cFOS, cMYC, and cJUN. The basic definition of osteosarcoma is excessive production of pathological osteoid. Expression of mRNA for matrix genes osteocalcin, osteonectin, and biglycan was studied. Osteocalcin and osteonectin were detected in RNA from primary cultured marrow stromal, trabecular bone cells, and osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS, SAOS‐2). mRNA for biglycan was detected only in primary cells and MG‐63 cell line and was undetectable in RNA from U2OS, SAOS‐2 osteosarcoma cell lines and by RNA extracted from bone biopsies of osteosarcoma patients. The absence of biglycan message observed in osteosarcoma samples provides evidence for the alterations in the extra cellular matrix which result with non‐mineralized osteoid produced by the osteosarcoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 108–114, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of fibroblast growth factors 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 on avian chondrocyte proliferation
Authors: Praul Craig A. , Ford Bonnie C. , Leach Roland M.
Published: August 2002

It has been demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptors are key regulators of endochondral bone growth. However, it has not been determined what fibroblast growth factor ligand(s) (FGFs) are important in this process. This study sought to determine whether FGFs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were capable of stimulating avian chondrocyte proliferation in vitro. We have found that FGFs 2, 4, and 9 strongly stimulate avian chondrocyte proliferation while FGFs 6 and 8 stimulate proliferation to a lesser extent. RT‐PCR indicates that FGF‐2 and FGF‐4 are expressed in the postnatal avian epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) while FGF‐8 and FGF‐9 are not. Thus, FGF‐2 and FGF‐4 stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and are both present in the EGP. This suggests that FGF‐2 and FGF‐4 may be important ligands, in vivo, for the regulation of endochondral bone growth. These observations coupled with our observation that multiple avian FGF receptors (Cek1, Cek2, Cek3, and FREK) are expressed in proliferative chondrocytes highlights the complexity of FGF signaling pathways in postnatal endochondral bone growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 359–366, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence matrices and inequalities for combinatorial designs
Authors: Raghavarao D. , Shrikhande S.S. , Shrikhande M.S.
Published: August 2002

In this paper we use incidence matrices of block designs and row–column designs to obtain combinatorial inequalities. We introduce the concept of nearly orthogonal Latin squares by modifying the usual definition of orthogonal Latin squares. This concept opens up interesting combinatorial problems and is expected to be useful in planning experiments by statisticians. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 17–26, 2002
Development of two ELISA for estrogen and progesterone receptor with sufficient sensitivity for fine needle aspirate and core biopsy
Authors: Sun C.‐F. , Wu T.‐L. , Tsao K.‐C. , Wu J.T.
Published: August 2002

The quantitative determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors (PR and ER) in breast tumor cytosol has been routinely performed in clinical laboratories to aid in the selection between hormonal and chemotherapy and also to predict prognosis. However, the small amount of tissue available from the increasingly popular fine‐needle aspiration and core biopsies from breast cancer patients requires more sensitive immunoassays for receptor quantification. We have developed two sensitive immuno‐assays for ER and PR on microplate with the use of recently available anti‐ER and anti‐PR antibodies of higher affinity and a powerful signal magnification agent, namely Amdex. The calibrator was a pooled breast tumor cytosol used as calibrator and calibrated against Abbott kits. The protein concentration of the cytosol and the upper normal cutoffs for our assays were reduced to approximately 0.2 mg/mL and 3 fmol/0.2 mg/mL, respectively. Both assays have sensitivities close to 1 fmol/mL, which are sufficiently sensitive for the receptor quantification in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies and cord biopsies of breast tumor. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:138–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Counteracting the effects of invisibility in work with lesbian patients
Authors: Saari Carolyn
Published: August 2002

Lesbian women frequently experience “invisibility,” the failure of others to recognize the significance of their sexuality and partnership relations. Such invisibility can have deleterious effects, such as a reduced ability to relate life stories to others and thereby to extend and integrate aspects of identity and its healthy complexity. Although this invisibility often is intertwined with coming‐out phenomena, it continues to exist in many social contexts throughout life. Therefore, it is important for psychotherapists to recognize and understand the concept of invisibility so that they do not perpetuate it within the therapy. Several case vignettes are used as examples of how invisibility can affect a woman's life and functioning and can be counteracted in therapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 645–654, 2001.
Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) in nonclinical subjects
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Di Ceglie Antonella , Acquarini Elena , Barratt Ernest S.
Published: August 2002

To assess the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11), the scale was administered to 763 college undergraduates. Based on analyses using item‐total correlations and t‐tests for differences between the top and the bottom total score quartiles, all items from the English version of the BIS‐11 were retained in the Italian version. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was .79 and two‐month test–retest reliability was .89. An exploratory principal‐components analysis replicated the six first‐order factors and three oblique second‐order factors, consistent with the number identified in the English version. However, subfactor item loadings differed between the English and Italian versions. The overall item pool was consistent in being a homogeneous measure of impulsiveness. The BIS‐11 total score was correlated significantly with aggression and ADHD measures. The BIS‐11 also significantly differentiated between high and low levels of binge eating, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 815–828, 2001.
A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion
Authors: Perkins Byron R. , Rouanzoin Curtis C.
Published: August 2002

EMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of “pseudoscience” regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 77–97, 2002.
Adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis
Authors: Singh Krishna , Xiao Lei , Remondino Andrea , Sawyer Douglas B. , Colucci Wilson S.
Published: August 2002

The direct effects of catecholamines on cardiac myocytes may contribute to both normal physiologic adaptation and pathologic remodeling, and may be associated with cellular hypertrophy, apoptosis, and alterations in contractile function. Norepinephrine (NE) signals via α‐ and β‐adrenergic receptors (AR) that are coupled to G‐proteins. Pharmacologic studies of cardiac myocytes in vitro demonstrate that stimulation of β1‐AR induces apoptosis which is cAMP‐dependent and involves the voltage‐dependent calcium influx channel. In contrast, stimulation of β2‐AR exerts an anti‐apoptotic effect which appears to be mediated by a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G protein. Stimulation of α1‐AR causes myocyte hypertrophy and may exert an anti‐apoptotic action. In transgenic mice, myocardial overexpression of either β1‐AR or Gαs is associated with myocyte apoptosis and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Myocardial overexpression of β2‐AR at low levels results in improved cardiac function, whereas expression at high levels leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of wildtype α1B‐AR does not result in apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Gαq results in myocyte hypertrophy and/or apoptosis depending on the level of expression. Differential activation of the members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily and production of reactive oxygen species appear to play a key role in mediating the actions of adrenergic pathways on myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. This review summarizes current knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via stimulation of adrenergic receptors and their coupled effector pathways. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New human myelodysplastic cell line, TER‐3: G‐CSF specific downregulation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV
Authors: Mishima Yuji , Terui Yasuhito , Mishima Yuko , Katsuyama Misa , Mori Masaki , Tomizuka Hiroshi , Takizawa Toshiyuki , Miyazato Akira , Ueda Masuzu , Yamada Muneo , Hayasawa Hirotoshi , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Ishizaka Yukihito , Ikeda Kazuma , Kato Takashi , Ozawa Keiya , Hatake Kiyohiko
Published: August 2002

We have established a new hematopoietic cell line from a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which was refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). This cell line, designated TER‐3, depends on several cytokines for long‐term survival and growth, and requires interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) for continuous growth. Cytochemical analysis revealed that TER‐3 cells are weakly dianisidine positive and nonspecific esterase positive, but peroxidase negative. The surface marker profile shows that the TER‐3 cells are strongly positive for myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic antigens such as CD15, CD19, and CD61, and negative for some common multilineage antigens such as CD13, CD33, and CD34. Thus, this cell line has a multilineage phenotype, suggesting that the transformation event occurred in multipotent stem cells. Dianisidine‐ and nonspecific esterase‐positive TER‐3 cells increase with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) rather than with IL‐3. These results suggest that the cell line is useful for understanding the mechanism underlying G‐CSF‐associated hematopoietic cell differentiation and activation in the patient with MDS. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 183–190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human α‐thrombin stimulates proliferation of interferon‐γ differentiated, growth‐arrested U937 cells, overcoming differentiation‐related changes in expression of p21CIP1/WAF1 and cyclin D1
Authors: Naldini Antonella , Carney Darrell H. , Pucci Annalisa , Carraro Fabio
Published: August 2002

In addition to its central role in blood coagulation and hemostasis, human α‐thrombin is a growth factor for a variety of cell types. We recently demonstrated that interferon‐γ (IFNγ)‐differentiated U937 cells show increased expression of the proteolytically activated receptor for thrombin (PAR‐1) relative to undifferentiated U937. In the present study we show that cell proliferation is inhibited in IFNγ‐differentiated cells relative to undifferentiated U937. Addition of thrombin to the differentiated cells, however, overcomes the inhibition and restores the cells to a highly proliferative state. Ribonuclease protection assays indicate that the IFNγ‐induced growth arrest is associated with an increased expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1 and downregulation of cyclin D1. Treatment of cells with thrombin downregulates p21CIP1/WAF1 expression in these cells and upregulates cyclin D1 mRNA expression, thus overcoming the differentiation‐related effects in a coordinated manner. Treating differentiated cells with the PAR‐1 activation peptide, SFLLRN, stimulates proliferation and has effects similar to those of thrombin on expression of p21CIP1/WAF1. Thus, it appears that these thrombin stimulated proliferative effects are mediated through activation of PAR‐1. These results may help explain how thrombin can overcome growth arrest in normal tissue to initiate tissue repair and why thrombin and thrombin‐like enzymes may contribute to unrestricted proliferation observed in certain malignancies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional receptor‐channel coupling compared in contractile and proliferative human vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Karkanis Tom , Jiao Yang , Hurley Bernard R. , Li Shaohua , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Sims Stephen M.
Published: August 2002

We have previously identified a human vascular smooth muscle clone that can reversibly convert between proliferative and contractile phenotypes. Here we compared receptor‐channel coupling in these cells using fura‐2 to monitor [Ca2+]i and patch‐clamp to record currents. Histamine elevated [Ca2+]i in all cells and caused contraction of cells exhibiting the contractile phenotype. The rise of [Ca2+]i persisted in Ca2+‐free solution and was abolished by thapsigargin, indicating involvement of stores. Whole cell electrophysiological recording revealed that histamine evoked transient outward K+ current, indicating functional receptor‐channel coupling. The time‐course and amplitude of the histamine‐activated current were similar in cells of the proliferative and contractile phenotypes. Moreover, a large conductance K+ channel was recorded in cell‐attached patches and was activated by histamine as well as the Ca2+ ionophore A‐23187, identifying it as the large conductance Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel. This K+ channel showed similar characteristics and activation in both proliferative and contractile phenotypes, indicating that expression was independent of phenotype. In contrast, histamine also elicited an inward Cl− current in some contractile cells, suggesting differential regulation of this current depending on phenotype. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of this human vascular cell clone for studying functional plasticity of smooth muscle, while avoiding complications arising from extended times in culture. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actin filament assembly and actin‐myosin contractility are necessary for anchorage‐ and EGF‐dependent activation of phospholipase Cγ
Authors: Suzuki Katsuo , Takahashi Kazuhide
Published: August 2002

Formation of actin stress fibers and the focal adhesion complex between cell and the substratum are crucial for nonmalignant cells to achieve anchorage‐dependent growth. We show here that the adhesion complex formed in normal human mammary epithelial (HME) cells which adhered to type IV collagen, involved the EGF receptor (EGFR) and phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) as signaling molecules, in addition to integrin β1, α‐actinin, and actin even before stimulation of the cells with EGF. Stimulation of cells with EGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and activation of PLCγ, as assessed by the production of a second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), without any significant increase in the amount of EGFR‐bound PLCγ. Disruption of either actin filaments by cytochalasin D (CD) or actin‐myosin contractility by ML‐7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), altered the flattened morphology of quiescent cells to a retracted one, without affecting the association between EGFR and PLCγ. Stimulation of CD‐ or ML‐7‐treated cells with EGF failed to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and its association and colocalization with PLCγ, but inhibited the PLCγ activation. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PtdInsP2), substrate of PLCγ, was tightly associated with α‐actinin and the content of α‐actinin‐bound PtdInsP2 was reduced by treatment of cells with ML‐7 but not with CD. The amount of PtdInsP2 bound to α‐actinin was increased by the addition of EGF and this EGF‐induced increase was blocked by either CD or ML‐7. The present results suggest that anchorage‐dependent EGF signaling in HME cells may require both actin filament assembly and actin‐myosin contractility for the PLCγ activation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of murine adult bone marrow stroma‐initiating cells in Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells
Authors: Tanaka‐Douzono Miyuki , Suzu Shinya , Yamada Muneo , Wakimoto Noriko , Hayasawa Hirotoshi , Hatake Kiyohiko , Motoyoshi Kazuo
Published: August 2002

We attempted to characterize the phenotype of cells which initiate fibroblastic stromal cell formation (stroma‐initiating cells: SICs), precursor cells for fibroblastic stromal cells, based on the expression of cell surface antigens. First, we stained adult murine bone marrow cells with several monoclonal antibodies and separated them by magnetic cell sorting. SICs were abundant in the c‐kit+, Sca‐1+, CD34+, VCAM‐1+, c‐fms+, and Mac‐1− populations. SICs were recovered in the lineage‐negative (Lin−) cells but not the Lin+ cells. When macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) was absent from the culture medium, no stromal colony appeared among the populations enriched in SICs. Based on these findings, the cells negative for lineage markers and positive for c‐fms (M‐CSF receptor) were further divided on the basis of the expression of c‐kit, VCAM‐1, Sca‐1 or CD34 with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. SICs were found to be enriched in the Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlow cells and Lin−c‐fms+VCAM‐1+ cells but not in Lin−c‐fms+Sca‐1+ cells and Lin−c‐fms+CD34low cells. As a result, the SICs were found to be present at highest frequency in Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells: a mean of 64% of the SICs in the Lin− cells were recovered in the population. In morphology and several characteristics, the stromal cells derived from Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells resembled fibroblastic cells. The number of Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells in bone marrow of mice injected with M‐CSF was higher than that in control mice. In this study, we identified SICs as Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells and demonstrated that M‐CSF had the ability to increase the cell population in vivo. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study on the enhancement of yeast microfiltration with gas sparging
Authors: Sur Hwal W , Cui Zhanfeng
Published: August 2002

Gas‐sparged microfiltration experiments with baker's yeast suspensions were performed using a 0.15 µm PCI multi‐tubular membrane module. The permeate flux and the enhancement from gas sparging were measured over the following operational parameter ranges: yeast suspension concentration 0.01–10% (wt), transmembrane pressure 0.5–4.0 bar, liquid crossflow velocity 0.36–1.8 ms−1, gas superficial velocity 0.18–1.02 ms−1. It was demonstrated that injecting air to create a gas–liquid two‐phase crossflow operation can significantly increase the permeate flux. The observed enhancement, resulting from injecting a relatively small amount of gas with a superficial velocity of 0.18 ms−1, ranges from 10% when fouling is insignificant to 135% when fouling tendency is severe. Controlled pulse injection leads to further increase in permeate flux. Examining the dependence of permeate flux on transmembrane pressure, it is clearly demonstrated that the injection of gas will elevate the value of the limiting flux. There is also evidence to show that the value of critical flux is increased when gas injection is applied. Further quantitative analysis will be performed in our future work.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of reaction product on the rate of addition of acetic acid to epichlorohydrin in the presence of chromium(III) acetate
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor
Published: August 2002

The kinetics of addition of acetic acid to epichlorohydrin carried out in the presence of both the reaction product and chromium(III) acetate catalyst have been studied. At an equimolar ratio of reagents the dilution of the reacting mixture with the reaction product has been found not to affect the reaction order. The presence of product in the starting mixture, as well as temperature increase, considerably reduces the selectivity of reaction. Side reactions of epichlorohydrin are activated. Activation energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction all decrease in the presence of reaction product.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Powdered activated carbon‐assisted biotreatment of a chemical synthesis wastewater
Authors: Çeçen Ferhan , Aktaş Özgür
Published: August 2002

The effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the biotreatment of an industrial wastewater taken from a chemical plant synthesising drugs for the pharmaceutical sector was studied. Industrial and domestic wastewaters were combined at laboratory scale and the effect of PAC addition was tested in aerobic reactors. The aim of this addition was to decrease inhibitory and non‐biodegradable organics. Two different procedures were applied in testing the effectiveness of PAC. First, PAC was directly added to activated sludge mixed liquor. In the second case, industrial wastewater was first contacted with PAC and then treated biologically. In the evaluation of performance, COD measurements, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements and measurements in the ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectra were taken into consideration. Both direct PAC addition and PAC pretreatment led finally to similar results. In both cases, the concentration of non‐biodegradable matter could be lowered. In particular, the colour of the wastewater was significantly reduced. Direct PAC addition appeared to be more practical and plausible. In any case, PAC addition to activated sludge increased the OUR of the sludge, indicating that inhibition could be decreased. The study also pointed out that in the assessment of PAC performance, the combined evaluation of OUR, spectral parameters and COD would be much more informative than the COD parameter alone.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Feedback control design for an anaerobic digestion process
Authors: Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Meraz Monica , Monroy Oscar , Velasco Alejandra
Published: August 2002

An approach for the design of linear feedback controllers for anaerobic digestion systems is presented. The effluent chemical oxigen demand (COD) concentration and the dilution rate are taken respectively as the regulated and the manipulated variables. The control design is based on simple step‐response models of the process endowed with an input delay to account for dead‐times induced by measurement devices. The resulting feedback controller has a traditional proportional‐integral (PI) control structure, so it can be easily implemented with conventional control technologies. Since the concentration of volatile fatty acids can be easily and quickly measured as compared with COD concentration, it is used as a secondary measurement that is incorporated into the feedback loop scheme to enhance the robustness of the control scheme with respect of influent disturbances. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated via numerical simulations and experimental work.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic diagnosis and follow‐up of idiopathic hepatic artery aneurysm, an unusual cause of obstructive jaundice
Authors: Chandramohan  , Khan Ali N. , Fitzgerald Shamus , Sherlock David , Tam Eddy
Published: August 2002

Hepatic artery aneurysms are rare. We report an idiopathic hepatic artery aneurysm causing obstructive jaundice in a case in which the common hepatic artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery. The diagnosis of hepatic artery aneurysm was suggested by gray‐scale sonography, which showed that the common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary radicles were dilated with no obvious intraluminal abnormality and showed no evidence of a mass in the head of the pancreas. A papillotomy of the papilla duodeni major was performed to relieve the cholestasis. Repeat sonography 2 weeks later showed dilatation of the common bile duct and a cyst‐like lesion at the porta hepatis impressing the anterior part of the common bile duct. Doppler sonography confirmed pulsatile flow within the cyst‐like lesion. Helical CT showed a well‐circumscribed lesion with a density similar to that of the abdominal aorta, and mesenteric angiography showed a 3‐cm, smooth aneurysm arising from the common hepatic artery, which originated from the superior mesenteric artery. The aneurysm was successfully treated with transcatheter embolization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:466–471, 2001.
Development of scoliosis following pinealectomy in young chickens is not the result of an artifact of the surgical procedure
Authors: Beuerlein M. , Wang X. , Moreau M. , Raso J. , Mahood J. , Bagnall K.
Published: August 2002

Pinealectomy in young chickens consistently results in scoliosis, which has many characteristics similar to those seen in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains a mystery and it is not yet entirely clear whether some unidentified aspect of the extensive surgery is the major factor rather than the removal of the pineal gland. Four different types of pinealectomy surgery were performed on young chickens as well as deliberate damage to the cerebral cortex which simulated the extreme of any accidental damage that might occur during surgery. Scoliosis was assessed from weekly radiographs. No differences in incidence of scoliosis, degree of severity, or pattern of curve development were observed for any of the experimental groups when compared with controls. In all groups approximately 55% of the chickens developed scoliosis that progressed rapidly. Different pinealectomy procedures and deliberate damage to the cerebral cortex produce scoliosis in young chickens with the same incidence and characteristics. This suggests strongly that the mechanism behind the phenomenon is due to the removal of the pineal gland and not some artifact of the extensive surgery. The pinealectomy model in young chickens is proving to be a good model for studying AIS in humans. An understanding of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has the potential to provide further insights into the etiology of AIS and can lead to the development of novel treatment methods. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:81–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.