bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What evidence exists on the links between natural climate solutions and climate change mitigation outcomes in subtropical and tropical terrestrial regions? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Cheng Samantha H. , Costedoat Sebastien , Sterling Eleanor J. , Chamberlain Catherine , Jagadish Arundhati , Lichtenthal Peter , Nowakowski A. Justin , Taylor Auset , Tinsman Jen , Canty Steven W. J. , Holland Margaret B. , Jones Kelly W. , Mills Morena , Morales-Hidalgo David , Sprenkle-Hyppolite Starry , Wiggins Meredith , Mascia Michael B. , Muñoz Brenes Carlos L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Natural climate solutions (NCS)—actions to conserve, restore, and modify natural and modified ecosystems to increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—are increasingly regarded as important pathways for climate change mitigation, while contributing to our global conservation efforts, overall planetary resilience, and sustainable development goals. Recently, projections posit that terrestrial-based NCS can potentially capture or avoid the emission of at least 11 Gt (gigatons) of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, or roughly encompassing one third of the emissions reductions needed to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals by 2030. NCS interventions also purport to provide co-benefits such as improved productivity and livelihoods from sustainable natural resource management, protection of locally and culturally important natural areas, and downstream climate adaptation benefits. Attention on implementing NCS to address climate change across global and national agendas has grown—however, clear understanding of which types of NCS interventions have undergone substantial study versus those that require additional evidence is still lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic map to collate and describe the current state, distribution, and methods used for evidence on the links between NCS interventions and climate change mitigation outcomes within tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Results of this study can be used to inform program and policy design and highlight critical knowledge gaps where future evaluation, research, and syntheses are needed.

Methods

To develop this systematic map, we will search two bibliographic databases (including 11 indices) and 67 organization websites, backward citation chase from 39 existing evidence syntheses, and solicit information from key informants. All searches will be conducted in English and encompass subtropical and tropical terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, mangroves, agricultural areas). Search results will be screened at title and abstract, and full text levels, recording both the number of excluded articles and reasons for exclusion. Key meta-data from included articles will be coded and reported in a narrative review that will summarize trends in the evidence base, assess gaps in knowledge, and provide insights for policy, practice, and research. The data from this systematic map will be made open access.
Dietary ellagic acid ameliorated Clostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers via regulating inflammation and cecal microbiota
Authors: Tang Yu , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Yanan , Guo Yongpeng , Zhu Peiqi , Li Guiguan , Zhang Jianyun , Ma Qiugang , Zhao Lihong
Published: April 2022

Background

Subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE), a common intestinal disease of broiler caused by Clostridium perfringens, could reduce production performance of broilers by chronic intestinal damage and poor absorption of nutrients. Ellagic acid (EA) has been reported to present antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on human and animals in many aspects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and mechanism of EA in relieving SNE in broilers induced by C. perfringens.

Results

C. perfringens challenge decreased body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), jejunal villi height/crypt depth (V/C) ratio, the activity of catalase (CAT) and the mRNA expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa of broilers. While feed conversion ratios (FCR), jejunal crypt depth (CD), the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and diamine oxidase (DAO), as well as the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in serum, the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lysozyme (LZM), the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the mRNA expressions of claudin-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR-4, TLR-2, NF-κB, JAK3, STAT6 and iNOS in jejunal mucosa of broilers were increased by C. perfringens challenge. Dietary EA supplement relieved these adverse effects, and heightened jejunal villi height (VH), the concentration of D-xylose in plasma, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the mRNA expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa of broilers. The alpha diversity of cecal microbiota indicated that dietary EA supplement increased observed species and Shannon index. C. perfringens challenge increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota in cecal microbiota. EA increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in cecal microbiota. LEfSe analysis showed that C. perfringens challenge triggered the imbalance of cecal microbiota in broilers, dietary EA supplementation led to a small beneficial effect on microbiota, while the simultaneous effect of them seemed to stimulate the immune function of broilers by improving the microbiota balance.

Conclusions

Dietary EA ameliorated C. perfringens-induced SNE in broilers via regulating jejunal inflammation signaling pathways TLR/NF-κB and JAK3/STAT6, relieving jejunal oxidative stress and balancing cecal microbiota to inhibit intestinal barrier damage, prevent systemic inflammatory response and improve nutrient absorption capacity, finally protect and enhance growth performance of broilers.
Diversity and distribution of sulfur metabolic genes in the human gut microbiome and their association with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wolf Patricia G. , Cowley Elise S. , Breister Adam , Matatov Sarah , Lucio Luke , Polak Paige , Ridlon Jason M. , Gaskins H. Rex , Anantharaman Karthik
Published: April 2022

Background

Recent evidence implicates microbial sulfidogenesis as a potential trigger of colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge of sulfur metabolism within the human gut. Microbial sulfidogenesis produces genotoxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human colon using inorganic (sulfate) and organic (taurine/cysteine/methionine) substrates; however, the majority of studies have focused on sulfate reduction using dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr).

Results

Here, we show that genes for microbial sulfur metabolism are more abundant and diverse than previously observed and are statistically associated with CRC. Using ~ 17,000 bacterial genomes from publicly available stool metagenomes, we studied the diversity of sulfur metabolic genes in 667 participants across different health statuses: healthy, adenoma, and carcinoma. Sulfidogenic genes were harbored by 142 bacterial genera and both organic and inorganic sulfidogenic genes were associated with carcinoma. Significantly, the anaerobic sulfite reductase(asr)genes were twice as abundant asdsr, demonstrating that Asr is likely a more important contributor to sulfate reduction in the human gut than Dsr. We identified twelve potential pathways for reductive taurine metabolism and discovered novel genera harboring these pathways. Finally, the prevalence of metabolic genes for organic sulfur indicates that these understudied substrates may be the most abundant source of microbially derived H2S.

Conclusions

Our findings significantly expand knowledge of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. We show that genes for microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut are more prevalent than previously known, irrespective of health status (i.e., in both healthy and diseased states). Our results significantly increase the diversity of pathways and bacteria that are associated with microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. Overall, our results have implications for understanding the role of the human gut microbiome and its potential contributions to the pathogenesis of CRC.
An open invitation to productive conversations about feminism and the spectrum of eating disorders (part 1): basic principles of feminist approaches
Authors: LaMarre Andrea , Levine Michael P. , Holmes Su , Malson Helen
Published: April 2022

Despite the long history of feminist research in the field and the clear relevance of questions of gender to this sphere, many continue to question the relevance of feminism for understanding and treating eating disorders in 2022. In this set of two papers, we explore some of the tensions, omissions and misconceptions which surround feminist approaches to eating disorders. At the core of these two papers is our assertion that such approaches can make significant contributions in the eating disorders field along six key lines: enriching the science of eating disorders, unpacking diagnostics, contextualizing treatment and prevention, attending to lived experiences, diversifying methodologies, and situating recoveries. In this first paper, we outline what feminist approaches are and dig into some key tensions that arise when feminist approaches come to the table. These include critiques of sociocultural approaches to understanding eating disorders, the relationship between feminist approaches and biological and genetic attributions for eating disorders, and the role of men. We then offer a key contribution that feminist approaches have made to eating disorders scholarship: an invitation to unpack diagnostic approaches and situate eating disorders within the landscape of food, weight, and shape concerns in the twenty-first century.
Plural city: layered singularities and urban design: case of Belgrade City (RS)
Authors: Beretić Nađa , Đukanović Zoran , Campus Giovanni
Published: April 2022

A growing urban population, a new social dynamism, and fast-changing urban contexts, together with a lack of urban planning, lead to intensifying contradictions that threaten to harness urban prosperity, cohesion, and sustainability. All this creates a need for reframing the perspective on the city and its management. By analysing connecting concepts to the plural city in literature, the paper offers new ways of understanding and reading the city. We describe plural qualities of an inclusive city from the perspective of urban design—a city as a plurality of unique places and subjectivities in time—i.e. the plural city. Following the case study methodology, we critically discussed and evaluated the case of Belgrade as a plural city due to its lasting diversity and heterogeneity in both urban matrix and social tissue. As a result, we defined the elements, relationships, and plurality of views within the plural city in multiscale. Based on 18-years of experience gained through the Public art & Public space program, we have shown that public art strategies can be used as a method and tool to initiate spatial transformations and offer different ways of experiencing the urban landscape.
The Islamic art and design elements applied in the Islamic city
Authors: Dariyadi Moch Wahib , Baydoun Ziad , Kamarudin Zumahiran , Murtadho Nurul
Published: April 2022

It is supposed to have three art components by giving an Islamic identity: geometric, floral, and Islamic calligraphy. Putrajaya is created to present the Islamic city in Malaysia. The Islamic art components are highly applied to the buildings' motif and ornamentations. However, the element of calligraphy is missing in the overall features of the Islamic city patterns. Therefore, this study aims to identify the Islamic components in Putrajaya's administrative public buildings. Then, to analyze the Islamic decorative elements and highlight the importance of calligraphy in determining the building's character and identity as one of the main elements that should be applied to Putrajaya's administrative public buildings. This paper is analyses a few important buildings in the city of Putrajaya. Most of the required data were collected by doing photographic documentation and on-site studies besides semi-structured interviews with the government. The researcher chose Putrajaya city to be the selected research area, focusing on the public and administrative buildings. The researcher had picked a few examples of public buildings for the study. In each building, the researcher recognizes the applied Islamic element that can found in it. These buildings are the Moroccan pavilion, Putra Mosque, The Ministry of Finance, Masjid Tuanku, Mizan Zainal Abidin, and Complex Islam Putrajaya. The analyses determine several types of elements and components with the tangible and intangible qualities that articulate their compositional order. Each type of component carries a special meaning and symbolization of Islamic culture. It is essential to apply calligraphy to represent the complete form of Islamic heritage. Further research is essential to create a guideline to help the designers and architects by providing the Islamic city's best image.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of APOE genotype on prion-type propagation of tauopathy
Authors: Williams Tristan , Ruiz Alejandra Jolie , Ruiz Angelica Maria , Vo Quan , Tsering Wangchen , Xu Guilian , McFarland Karen , Giasson Benoit I. , Sullivan Patrick , Borchelt David R. , Chakrabarty Paramita
Published: April 2022

Apolipoprotein (APOE) is a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the E2, E3 and E4 isoforms differentially regulating the burden of AD-associated neuropathologies, such as amyloid β and tau. In AD, pathological tau is thought to spread along neuroanatomic connections following a prion-like mechanism. To provide insights into whether APOE isoforms differentially regulate the prion properties of tau and determine trans-synaptic transmission of tauopathy, we have generated human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice (PS19) that carry human APOE (APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4) or mouse Apoe allele. Mice received intrahippocamal injections of preformed aggregates of K18-tau at young ages, which were analyzed 5 months post-inoculation. Compared to the parental PS19 mice with mouse Apoe alleles, PS19 mice expressing human APOE alleles generally responded to K18-tau seeding with more intense AT8 immunoreactive phosphorylated tau athology. APOE3 homozygous mice accumulated higher levels of AT8-reactive ptau and microgliosis relative to APOE2 or APOE4 homozygotes (E3 > E4~2). PS19 mice that were heterozygous for APOE3 showed similar results, albeit to a lesser degree. In the timeframe of our investigation, we did not observe significant induction of argentophilic or MC1-reactive neurofibrillary tau tangle in PS19 mice homozygous for human APOE. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study in rodent models that provides neuropathological insights into the dose-dependent effect of APOE isoforms on phosphorylated tau pathology induced by recombinant tau prions.
Conventional use and sustainable valorization of spent egg-laying hens as functional foods and biomaterials: A review
Authors: Fan Hongbing , Wu Jianping
Published: April 2022

Spent hen are egg-laying hens reaching the end of their laying cycles; billions of spent hens are produced globally each year. Differences in people’s attitudes towards spent hen as foods lead to their different fates among countries. While spent hens are consumed as raw or processed meat products in Asian countries such as China, India, Korea, and Thailand, they are treated as a byproduct or waste, not a food product, in the western society; they are instead disposed by burial, incineration, composting (as fertilizers), or rendering into animal feed and pet food, which either create little market value or cause animal welfare and environmental concerns. Despite being a waste, spent hen is a rich source of animal proteins and lipids, which are suitable starting materials for developing valorized products. This review discussed the conventional uses of spent hens, including food, animal feed, pet food, and compost, and the emerging uses, including biomaterials and functional food ingredients. These recent advances enable more sustainable utilization of spent hen, contributing to alternative solutions to its disposal while yielding residual value to the egg industry. Future research will continue to focus on the conversion of spent hen biomass into value-added products.

Graphical abstract
Detection of intestinal colonization by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Egypt
Authors: El-Defrawy Inas , Gamal Doaa , El-Gharbawy Rania , El-Seidi Eman , El-Dabaa Ehab , Eissa Somaya
Published: April 2022

Background

The irrational use of carbapenems in the last years lead to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This study aimed at determining the prevalence of CRE intestinal carriage among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt, to characterize carbapenemase-producing genes and to identify possible risk factors of CRE colonization. One hundred rectal swabs were collected from patients within 48 h of hospital admission. Culture was done on chromogenic media and then identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using Vitek 2 compact system. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by Rapidec Carba NP test and by multiplex PCR for blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like, blaIMP-like and blaKPC-like.

Results

A total number of 36 CRE isolates were recovered from 28 patients. Thus, the prevalence of CRE colonization was 28%. Escherichia coli (83%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%) were the main species. History of recent hospitalization and prior antibiotic intake were statistically significant risk factors predisposing to CRE colonization. Rapidec Carba NP gave positive results in 29/36 CRE isolates, whereas seven isolates gave negative results; six of them harbored blaOXA-48-like. Overall, the blaOXA-48-like was detected in 24/36 (66.7%), followed by blaNDM-like in 11/36 (30.6%) and lastly blaVIM-like in 1/36 (2.8%).

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that CRE colonization is disseminating in our healthcare facility, a fact that should be considered as possible pathogens causing infections in high risk patients. Strict infection control measures should be applied to all CRE carriers at hospital admission and a proper antimicrobial stewardship program should be followed in clinical settings.
Stepwise approach to preserve the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Abdelaal Taha Mohamed , Khazbak Alaa Omar
Published: April 2022

Background

Most of the surgeons tend to avoid exposing and identification the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroidectomy. In this study, our aim is to assess sequential steps to ligate superior thyroid vessels safely away from the External branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN).

Methods

This prospective case series study was conducted on 60 patients going for either total or hemi thyroidectomy in a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2016 and June 2019. During thyroidectomy, firstly we skeletonized the upper pole of the thyroid gland by its capsular dissection followed by anterolateral down retraction of the superior pole. Then, entry and opening of the cricothyroid space and lastly clamping and ligating superior thyroid pedicle close to the upper pole away from EBSLN.

Results

This study included 60 cases; 19 total thyroidectomy and 41 hemi thyroidectomy with 79 superior thyroid vessels ligation and EBSLN at risk. In all patients, no evidence of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) palsy or bleeding was detected. Postoperative video laryngoendoscopy showed apparently normal mobility, length, level, and position of the vocal folds with symmetry of the larynx. The patients’ voice showed no changes from preoperative evaluation in all studied patients at 3 months postoperative evaluation. No patients complained of any changes in their voice or voice activities.

Conclusion

The described stepwise approach for preservation of the EBSLN serves to completely remove the superior pole of the thyroid gland and ligate superior thyroid vascular pedicle without risk of SLN injury.
Suicide trends in Norway during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A register-based cohort study
Authors: Stene-Larsen K. , Raknes G. , Engdahl B. , Qin P. , Mehlum L. , Strøm M. S. , Reneflot A.
Published: April 2022

Background

There is a concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to an increase in suicides. Several reports from the first months of the pandemic showed no increase in suicide rates while studies with longer observation times report contrasting results. In this study, we explore the suicide rates in Norway during the first year of the pandemic for the total population as well as for relevant subgroups such as sex, age, geographical areas, and pandemic phases.

Methods

This is a cohort study covering the entire Norwegian population between 2010 and 2020. The main outcome was age-standardized suicide rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) in 2020 according to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. This was compared with 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) based on the suicide rates between 2010 and 2019.

Results

In 2020, there were 639 suicides in Norway corresponding to a rate of 12.1 per 100,000 (95% PI 10.2–14.4). There were no significant deviations from the predicted values for suicides in 2020 when analyzing age, sex, pandemic phase, or geographical area separately. We observed a trend toward a lower than predicted suicide rate among females (6.5, 95% PI 6.0–9.2), and during the two COVID-19 outbreak phases in 2020 (2.8, 95% PI 2.3–4.3 and 2.8, 95% CI 2.3–4.3).

Conclusion

There is no indication that the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in suicide rates in Norway in 2020.
Impact of Workforce Challenges and Funds Flow on Cancer Clinical Trial Development and Conduct
Authors: Pennell Nathan A. , Szczepanek Connie , Spigel David , Ramalingam Suresh S.
Published: April 2022

The conduct of clinical cancer research has faced considerable challenges in recent years, and the situation has only been exacerbated by the global pandemic. The growing complexity of clinical trials and rising administrative burdens had been causing greater expense and difficulty in recruiting and retaining an appropriately trained workforce even before the well-publicized increase in turnover caused by the pandemic. Longstanding issues such as restrictive inclusion criteria and complicated trial designs have negatively affected already low clinical trial accrual rates, limited sites capable of opening studies and enrolling patients, and worsened disparities in trial participation. Opposing these elements are efforts by ASCO and other organizations to increase affordability, access, and equity in clinical trial enrollment. To provide diverse perspectives on how these challenges are affecting cancer research as we emerge from the pandemic, we asked a panel of experienced clinical research leaders from both academic and community cancer centers to answer questions they felt most pressing about the business of conducting clinical research today and where they felt the field was moving in the near future.
Curcumin and Derivatives in Nanoformulations with Therapeutic Potential on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Idoudi Sourour , Bedhiafi Takwa , Hijji Yousef Mohammad , Billa Nashiru
Published: April 2022

There is growing concern in the rise of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases globally, and with this rise is the presentation of drug resistance. Like other cancers, current treatment options are either invasive or manifest severe side effects. Thus, there is a move towards implementing safer treatment options. Curcumin (CUR), extracted from Curcuma longa, has received significant attention by scientists as possible alternative to chemotherapeutic agents. It is safe and effective against CRC and nontoxic in moderate concentrations. Crucially, it specifically modulates apoptotic effects on CRC. However, the use of CUR is limited by its low solubility and poor bioavailability in aqueous media. These limitations are surmountable through novel approaches, such as nanoencapsulation of CUR, which masks the physicochemical properties of CUR, thus potentiating its anti-CRC effects. Furthermore, chemical derivatization of CUR is another approach that can be used to address the above constraints. This review spans published work in the last two decades, with key findings employing either of the two approaches, in addition to a combined approach in managing CRC. The combined approach affords the possibility of better treatment outcomes but not widely investigated nor yet clinically implemented.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular signature of postmortem lung tissue from COVID-19 patients suggests distinct trajectories driving mortality
Authors: Budhraja Anshul , Basu Anubhav , Gheware Atish , Abhilash Dasari , Rajagopala Seesandra , Pakala Suman , Sumit Madhuresh , Ray Animesh , Subramaniam Arulselvi , Mathur Purva , Nambirajan Aruna , Kumar Sachin , Gupta Ritu , Wig Naveet , Trikha Anjan , Guleria Randeep , Sarkar Chitra , Gupta Ishaan , Jain Deepali
Published: April 2022

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that manifest lung abnormalities during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of lung autopsies from 31 patients with severe COVID-19 and ten uninfected controls. Using metatranscriptomics, we identified the existence of two distinct molecular signatures of lethal COVID-19. The dominant ‘classical’ signature (n=23) showed upregulation of the unfolded protein response, steroid biosynthesis and complement activation, supported by massive metabolic reprogramming leading to characteristic lung damage. The rarer signature (n=8) that potentially represents ‘cytokine release syndrome’ (CRS) showed upregulation of cytokines such as IL1 and CCL19, but absence of complement activation. We found that a majority of patients cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they suffered from acute dysbiosis with characteristic enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus cohnii in ‘classical’ patients and Pasteurella multocida in CRS patients. Our results suggest two distinct models of lung pathology in severe COVID-19 patients, which can be identified through complement activation, presence of specific cytokines and characteristic microbiome. These findings can be used to design personalized therapy using in silico identified drug molecules or in mitigating specific secondary infections.
Adverse drug reactions to the three doses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) mRNA-1273 vaccine in a cohort of cancer patients under active treatment of a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Benitez Fuentes Javier David , de Luna Aguilar Alicia , Jimenez Ortega Alejandro Francisco , Flores Navarro Paloma , Bartolomé Arcilla Jorge , Baos Muñoz Elvira , Delgado-Iribarren García-Campero Alberto , Gil Useros Sara , Martinez Capella Ignacio , Llorente Sanz Laura , Torrego Ellacuría Macarena , Pérez Segura Pedro
Published: April 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines efficacy and safety have been tested in phase 3 studies in which cancer patients were not included or were underrepresented.

Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety profile of the mRNA-1273 vaccine across cancer patients and its relationship to patients’ demographics. This retrospective cohort study included patients 18-years or older with solid malignancies receiving active treatment in our hospital who had received the three-dose schedule of the mRNA9 1273 vaccine and whose side effects after each dose were recorded. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data between April 19, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Patients with documented previous infection by SARS-Cov-2 were excluded from the study.

Results: A total of 93 patients met the inclusion criteria. Local adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported more frequently after the first and second dose than after the third (41.9%, 43% and 31.1% of the patients respectively), while systemic ADRs followed the opposite pattern (16.1%, 34.4% and 52.6% of the patients respectively). We found a statistically significant association between sex and systemic ADRs after the third dose. Cochran-Armitage test showed a statistically significant linear trend, p = 0.012, with a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score associated with a lower proportion of patients suffering from systemic side effects. A logistic regression showed that women had 5.79 times higher odds to exhibit systemic ADRs after the third dose (p=0.01) compared to males. Increasing age was associated with a decreased likelihood of exhibiting ADRs (p=0.016).

Conclusion: The mRNA-1273 vaccine shows a tolerable safety profile. The likelihood of ADRs appears to be associated with gender and age. Its association with ECOG scores is less evident. Further studies are needed to elucidate this data in cancer patients.
Stage 1 Registered Report: Do psychological diversities contribute to preventing the coronavirus spread? Testing a neurodiversity hypothesis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kusztor Aniko , Alemany Gonzalez Maria , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Koizumi Ai
Published: April 2022

Background: Contemporary societies lack direct evidence that diversity of neuro-origin psychological traits – neurodiversity – benefits the human species. Psychological diversities including those with heightened traits of obsessive-compulsiveness (OC) may play a critical preventative role amidst a pandemic because of their natural dispositions for immunizing cognitions and behaviors based on obsessive pathogen concerns. We aim to test this notion in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: We will conduct an online survey examining the hypotheses that individuals with higher psychological traits of OC are less likely to get infected while they show enhanced self-diagnosis of infection.

Conclusions: Such results would suggest that those generally perceived as “psychological minorities” due to increased pathogen concerns may serve preventive roles against pandemics at both individual and collective levels.
Maxillary first premolar shape (and not size) as an indicator of sexual dimorphism: A 2D geomorphometric study
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Jose Nidhin Philip , Shetty Shravan
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological form of the maxillary first premolar using 2D geomorphometry and evaluate the sexually dimorphic characteristics.

Methods

The present study was carried out on  standardized photographs of right Maxillary first premolar from 55 dental casts (33 male and 22 females). Nineteen landmarks (based on geometric and anatomic evidence) were marked on the tooth using TPSdig software and analysed using Morpho J applying procrustes analysis and discriminant function analysis

Results

The results showed similar centroid sizes between gender (p = 0.606). Procrustes ANOVA for shape analysis showed a greater dimorphism between sexs (f value of 1.4 ; p value=0.0624).  Discriminant function analysis based on the procrustes coordinates showed an overall accuracy of 90.91 % in classifying sex based on the landmark coordinates with correct classification of  20/22 (90.99%) females and 30/33 (90.91) males.

Conclusion

Shape of the tooth can be measured objectively using geometric morphometric methods which can be utilized to identify the sex of an individual. Enamel covering the crown of the teeth is biologically stable resisting climatic, physical and chemical insults. The enamel is derived from ectoderm and once formed does not change during the life. The tooth's structure and shape are determined by the sex chromosomes, which is well represented as sexual dimorphism. The study evaluates the occlusal and contact area morphology of premolars. These are important parameters considered during restorative treatment, functional rehabilitation and forensic investigations.
Fermented medicinal herbs improve hematological and physiological profile of Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Syawal Henni , Kurniawan Ronal , Effendi Irwan , Austin Brian
Published: April 2022

This study sought to determine the effect of fermented medicinal herbs (FMH), i.e. cutchery (Kaempferia galanga), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) in combination with molasses and probiotic drink (Yakult), administered orally on the hematological and physiological profile of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A complete randomized design (CRD) experiment was used with four levels of treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (FMH 100 mL/kg), P2 (FMH 200 mL/kg) and P3 (FMH 300 mL/kg) of feed. The fish were kept in a farm in cages at 75 fish/m3 and fed with the experimental diets for 60 days. The results revealed that FMH (P2) dietary administration improved hematological and physiological profile of catfish, i.e total erythrocytes of 2.81 x 106 cells/mm3, hematocrit values of 39.00%, hemoglobin levels of 10.73 g/dL, total leukocytes of 11.41 x 104 cells/mm3, blood glucose 97.33 mg/dL, and total serum protein 4.10 mg/dL compared to controls with 1.89 x 106 cells/mm3, 32.33 %, g/dL, 9.67 x 104 cells/mm3, 67.33 mg/dL, and total serum protein of 3.10 mg/dL, respectively. Moreover, the diet improved special growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency and the survival rate of catfish. The hematological and physiological profile of catfish improvement are considered to be due to the content of secondary metabolites of FMH, namely curcuminoids, vitamin C, essential oils, tannins, and flavonoids, which trigger immunostimulation. The presence of curcuminoids provide an antioxidant effect on cell membranes reducing erythrocyte cell membrane damage due to oxidation. Similarly, flavonoids are natural antioxidants, which are credited with the ability of reducing free radicals and anti-free radicals.
Undergraduate medical education at a district general hospital: facilitating the transition from student to medical professional
Authors: Cunningham Neil , O'Neil Vicky , Leng Christopher , Sethia Babulal
Published: April 2022

Background: The transition from student to medical professional represents a major challenge for all medical students. Every intake of newly qualified doctors increases potential risks to patients. In the UK, this is often colloquially referred to as the ‘August Effect’. At one District General Hospital, a ‘Ward-Craft and Bleep Simulation Programme’ was implemented for final year medical students. This aimed to equip students with the procedural knowledge and soft skills to support the transition from undergraduate training to professional working life as a junior doctor.

Methods: A series of six, weekly, two-hour workshops which focussed on common clinical problems encountered by newly qualified doctors was delivered to final year medical students (‘Ward-Craft Programme’). Students then participated in a two-hour high fidelity, in-situ, ‘Bleep Simulation Programme. The programme was facilitated by a Clinical Teaching Fellow and evaluated through an anonymous feedback survey

Results: 98.9% of students (n=259) agreed, or strongly agreed, that the programme helped them feel more prepared and confident for life as a junior doctor. Participants provided overwhelmingly positive feedback, specifically noting that the programme addressed feelings of confusion, anxiety, and the feeling of being overwhelmed by the work of junior doctor.

Conclusions: The Ward-Craft and Bleep Simulation Programme has been positively received by medical students from universities with very different types of learning styles and courses. The replication of similar programmes for final year medical students is a valuable training opportunity for final year medical students and may help mitigate the challenges posed by the ‘August effect’.
ORGANIZATION HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: DIKIKH V.A.
Published: April 2022

Учебное пособие посвящено вопросам управления трудовыми ресурсами для строительной отрасли и ее организаций. В нем представлены понятие, сущность и принципы управления трудовыми ресурсами, определены способы взаимодействия работодателя и работников в системе управления, а также предложены новые подходы к учету и управлению трудовыми ресурсами в организациях, внедряющих цифровые механизмы управления в систему организации и управления процессами в организации. Пособие предназначено для слушателей курсов повышения квалификации, студентов и аспирантов институтов, с целью систематизировать прикладные знания для подготовки к зачету и экзаменам по курсам «Управление персоналом», «Управление организацией», «Экономика строительной организации», «Менеджмент». Пособие может быть также полезно руководителям организаций.
La música como intensificador del infoentretenimiento en los informativos de deportes en televisión en España.
Authors: Rojas Torrijos José Luis , González Ramos Ángel
Published: April 2022

Este artículo aborda el uso de la música como elemento narrativo y su relación con los contenidos de los informativos de deportes en televisión en España. El estudio se basa en un análisis comparado del contenido de 84 programas emitidos entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020 en cuatro cadenas de difusión nacional: Antena 3, Cuatro, La 1 de TVE y La Sexta. Los objetivos de esta investigación son analizar la ubicación y las funciones de la música dentro de los informativos sobre deportes, estudiar la tipología de temas empleados en estos espacios y evaluar la relación existente entre elementos musicales y recursos visuales en el discurso televisivo sobre esta temática. Los resultados indican que la mayor utilización de la música suele corresponderse con noticias más blandas y en la primera mitad de los programas, que los grafismos guardan relación directa con la música empleada y fomenta aspectos espectaculares de las noticias y que los géneros musicales más recurrentes son el rock y el pop. Se concluye que existe un uso general y frecuente de la música para ensalzar los diferentes tipos de contenido deportivo que se emiten dentro de los telediarios y que ese empleo intensifica la tendencia de estos espacios hacia el infoentretenimiento incidiendo en los modos de selección, jerarquización y presentación de las historias.
A Branch and Price Algorithm for the Heterogeneous Fleet Multi-Depot Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Şahin Munise Kübra , Yaman Hande
Published: April 2022

The multi-trip vehicle routing problem (MTVRP) extends the well-known VRP by allowing vehicles to perform several trips in a workday. The motivation arises from the new challenges in city logistics that push companies to use smaller and cleaner vehicles such as cargo bikes. With the integration of small vehicles into the fleet, many companies start to operate with a heterogeneous fleet and use multiple depots located in the city centers to reload the small vehicles. Inspired by these new challenges the companies face, we study the heterogeneous fleet multi-depot MTVRP with time windows under shared depot resources where small and large vehicles have different travel times in certain areas. We formulate this problem using workday variables and propose a branch and price algorithm that exhibits an enhanced performance by a new heuristic algorithm based on the reduction in the graph size. The proposed algorithm introduces a new way to compute the completion bounds using the iterative structure of the state-space augmenting algorithm and eliminates the need for solving a separate relaxation. We conduct experiments on modified small- and medium-size instances from Solomon’s benchmark set. The results of our computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm is very effective and can solve instances with up to 40 customers, three depots, and two types of vehicles.
Online patient literature related to oesophageal surgery: the need for greater readability, accreditation and higher quality
Authors: Musbahi A , Rao CB , Immanuel A , Hayes N
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide but is treatable through surgery. As part of the consenting process, surgeons may guide patients towards online information leaflets to understand more about their condition and treatment. This review aimed to systematically analyse some of the current resources that can be accessed via the internet.

Methods

A stringent search criteria was used to select online patient information leaflets for oesophageal cancer surgery. Leaflets were scored based on the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease score, DISCERN score, Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification/Information Standard Certification and International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) score.

Findings

Only five sites had achieved HONcode certification. Only three sources were deemed readable using the Flesch–Kincaid scoring system and no sources reached the recommended readability using IPDAS. No source reached a maximum score with DISCERN, with the mean overall quality being 2.98. There was no significant difference between accredited and unaccredited sources. From our sample, patient information sources on oesophageal cancer surgery have a low readability.

Conclusions

More research is required to ascertain patient behaviour with regards to accessing the literature. Patients and healthcare professionals should liaise with each other to produce more readable, high-quality patient information on oesophageal cancer surgery.
Nosso programa também é alfabetização e cultura: O Teatro Experimental do Negro e o Jornal Quilombo – vida, problemas e aspirações do negro na literatura e na cultura intelectual negro-brasileiras (1948-1950)
Authors: Santos Denilson Lima
Published: April 2022

Esse ensaio é um diálogo a partir dos textos, referentes ao Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN), publicados no jornal Quilombo (1948-1950). Ressalta-se que a produção estética no periódico, mencionado acima, se insere no contexto da construção de uma rede intelectual negra, proposta por Abdias do Nascimento — fundador das duas instituições supracitadas. Além disso, o grupo de teatro fundado por Nascimento teve um papel proeminente na sociedade brasileira, pois revelou talentos artísticos e fomentou a discussão sobre a participação da população negra na sociedade brasileira por meio da educação. Nesse sentido, abordamos o projeto TEN como aquele que se ocupou, não somente da formação teatral de homens e mulheres negros, mas proporcionou-lhes um espaço para a alfabetização e aprimoramento cultural. Ademais, juntamente com o jornal supracitado, o grupo teatral dos anos 40 do século passado, oportunizou aos trabalhadores de serviços gerais e às empregadas domésticas aulas de cultura e estéticas africanas e afro-brasileiras. Diante disso, para discutir o papel do TEN na sociedade brasileira, nesse texto, utiliza-se algumas categorias teóricas como intelectual e sua função social, bem como a noção de teatro negro no processo de formação alfabetizadora de adultos. Assim, a partir das análises dos textos jornalísticos e testemunhos de escritoras e escritores, observa-se como a intelligentsia negra conseguiu construir uma rede de colaboração que consolidou suas ideias políticas, estéticas e epistemológicas no século XX.
Flora da Bahia: Amaranthaceae - Amaranthoideae e Gomphrenoideae
Authors: Senna Luisa Ramos , Giulietti Ana Maria , Rapini Alessandro
Published: April 2022

This account of the Amaranthaceae: Amaranthoideae and Gomphrenoideae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia project. A total of 16 genera and 67 species are recognized for the state of Bahia, Brazil. The genera represented with number of species are: Achyranthes (1 sp.), Alternanthera (13 spp.), Amaranthus (3 spp.), Blutaparon (2 spp.), Celosia (3 spp.), Chamissoa (2 spp.), Cyathula (2 spp.), Froelichia (2 spp.), Gomphrena (23 spp.), Hebanthe (1 sp.), Herbstia (1 sp.), Iresine (1 sp.), Lecosia (1 sp.), Pfaffia (9 spp.), Quaternella (1 sp.) e Xerosiphon (2 spp.). Keys for genera and species are provided, together with descriptions, ilustrations and general notes on the species.
Flora da Bahia: Primulaceae
Authors: Ferreira Fabrício Moreira , Oliveira Reyjane Patrícia de , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

This account of the Primulaceae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia project. Two species of Anagallis L. are recognized for the state of Bahia, Brazil: A. minima (L.) E.L.Krause, and A. pumila Sw. A key to species is provided together with descriptions, illustrations, and general notes on the species.
Flora da Bahia: Loasaceae
Authors: Côrtes Ana Luiza Andrade , Giulietti Ana Maria , Silva Tânia Regina dos Santos
Published: April 2022

The floristic survey of Loasaceae for Bahia State, Brazil is presented. The family has about 16 genera and 301 species, distributed in tropical and temperate zone of America. Five genera occur in Brazil with about 20 species. In Bahia State two genera and five species have been recorded: Aosa rupestris (Gardner) Weigend, A. gilgiana (Urb.) Weigend, A. parviflora (DC.) Weigend, A. sigmoidea Weigend and Mentzelia aspera L. Identification key, description, illustration and maps with the geographic distribution of the species in the state are presented.
Estabilização de enzimas: uma abordagem
Authors: Assis Sandra Aparecida de , Oliveira Rodrigo Queiroz , Soares Wagner Rodrigues de Assis , Oliveira Olga Maria Mascarenhas de Faria
Published: April 2022

Enzyme stabilization is one critic point in basic and applied enzymology. The increasing interest in applying enzymes in industrial processes has fostered the search for biocatalysts with new properties or extreme stability. Enzyme stabilization can be achieved by different methods: isolating enzyme variants from organisms living in appropriate extreme environments (extremozymes), by protein engineering, chemical modification, use of additives, immobilization. This brief review aims to give a better understanding of those methods employed for enzyme stabilization.
Herpetofauna no Campus da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, área urbana de Vitória, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo Barbosa , Mendes Sérgio Lucena
Published: April 2022

The current study evaluates the composition of anuran and reptile assemblages in the central campus of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, municipality of Vitória. Field work was conducted monthly from January to December, 2005. Records were made by observation, vocalizations recording, and pitfall traps. Twelve anurans and eight reptiles were recorded: five lizards, two snakes, and one freshwater turtle. The herpetofauna was poorly diverse and consisted of generalist species, possibly due to the great influence of tides in several ponds. In addition, the history of anthropic occupation in the studied area altered or eliminated habitats to specialist species.