bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory care sensitive diseases/conditions in adult patients. A systematic review
Authors: Shepel R. N. , Drapkina O. M. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Shalnova S. A. , Lukyanov M. M. , Levchenko E. I. , Voshev D. V. , Lusnikov V. P.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To summarize the published data on the nomenclature of ambu­latory care sensitive diseases/conditions (ACSCs) in adult patients as one of the tools for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of primary health care (PHC) measures implemented.

Material and methods. The study was implemented in 4 following stages: 1 — search for articles by keywords in electronic bibliographic databases; 2 — duplicate elimination; 3 — review of abstracts with an as­sessment for compliance with the inclusion/exclusion criteria, fol­lowed by a search for full-text versions and final selection of pub­lications; 4 — systematization and analysis of data on the ACSCs. Articles published in the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2022 and containing information on ACSC nomenclature were searched in 4 domestic and foreign electronic bibliographic databases (Elibrary, NLM (PubMed), MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE). The PRISMA (Preferred Re­porting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) system was used in the preparation of the systematic review. Systematization of information on the obtained results was carried out in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheets.

Results. In total, out of 10898 initially found publications, 11 full-text pa­pers describing studies that fully met the inclusion/exclusion criteria we­re admitted to stage 4 and were included in the final analysis. In none of the 11 publications was ACSC nomenclature identical to any other pub­lication included in stage 4 of the analysis. Variability in the total num­ber of ACSCs was noted in each of the assessed papers. In 100% of the analyzed publications, the NCAs included chronic obstructive pul­monary disease/chronic bronchitis, heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension. In 91% (10 publications), the ACSCs included angina pectoris, asthma, iron deficiency anemia, dental and oral diseases, urinary tract infections, acute skin infections, and gastroenteritis.

Conclusion. The nomenclature of the ACSCs in different countries is characterized by variability due to demographic, epidemiological, organizational, and other features. The conducted systematic review showed that the nomenclature of the ACSCs has not been defined in the Russian Federation. The data obtained in this work can serve as a basis for initiating a project aimed at developing a domestic nomenclature of ACSCs as one of the tools for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of PHC measures implemented.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy: Literature Review and Current Update
Authors: Mayer Yaniv , Shibli Jamil Awad , Saada Haia Abu , Melo Marcelo , Gabay Eran , Barak Shlomo , Ginesin Ofir
Published: October 2024

Abstract This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs), highlighting their therapeutic potential and historical evolution. PEMFs, recognized for their non-invasive and safe therapeutic benefits, interact with biological systems to influence processes such as DNA synthesis, gene expression, and cell migration. Clinically, PEMFs are applied in diverse treatments, including pain relief, inflammation management, and enhancing bone and wound healing. The manuscript delves into the historical development of PEMF technology, tracing its origins to the 19th century and exploring significant advancements, such as the discovery of the piezoelectric effect in bones. It presents detailed in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrating PEMFs' impact on cellular activities and their modulation of key biological pathways. Additionally, the review emphasizes PEMFs' applications in general medicine and dentistry, showcasing their role in promoting tissue healing, osseointegration in dental implants, and antimicrobial effects. The introduction of the Miniaturized Electromagnetic Device (MED) in dental implantology marks a significant advancement, enhancing implant stability and reducing inflammatory responses. Overall, the manuscript underscores PEMFs' promising applications in advancing patient care and treatment methodologies across medical and dental fields.
The Use of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSC) for Periodontal and Peri-implant Regeneration: Scoping Review
Authors: Santos Nidia C Castro dos , Cotrim Khalila C , Achôa Gustavo L , Kalil Eduardo C , Kantarci Alpdogan , Bueno Daniela F
Published: October 2024

Abstract The necessity for regenerating peri-implant and periodontal tissues is increasingly apparent. Periodontal diseases can result in a significant loss of clinical attachment level, and tissue regeneration stands as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. With the rise of osseointegration, the prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth using dental implants has surged, leading to a frequent need for alveolar bone regeneration around implants. This review assessed studies reporting various sources of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and their potential in regenerating periodontal and peri-implant bone tissue. A search was conducted across seven databases spanning the past decade. Three authors independently screened all identified titles and abstracts for eligibility, generating tables to summarize included studies in animals and humans separately. A total of 55 articles were chosen for final evaluation, showcasing five origins of MSC used in humans and animals for regenerating periodontal tissues and peri-implant bone, using different types of scaffolds. Overall, research from the past decades supports the effectiveness of MSC in promoting periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. However, the impact of MSC on regenerative therapies in humans is still in its initial stages. Future research should optimize MSC application protocols by combining techniques, such as the use of nanomedicine and 3D printing for tissue engineering. Clinical studies should also understand the long-term effects and compare MSC therapies with current treatment modalities. By addressing these areas, the scientific community can ensure that MSC therapies are both safe and effective, ultimately enhancing therapeutic strategies and treatment outcomes in Periodontology and Implantology.
Intranasal midazolam in green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Sarri Bruna Maria , Ghussn Laura Roverato , Ferruccio Carolina Akel , Sanches Mariana Cardoso , Carregaro Adriano Bonfim
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the sedation and the physiological effects produced by three doses of intranasal midazolam in green iguanas. Eight adult iguanas weighing 850 ± 165 grams, received each of five treatments: intramuscular midazolam 2 mg.kg-1 (IM), intranasally administered midazolam at doses of 2 mg.kg-1 (IN2), 3 mg.kg-1 (IN3) and 5 mg.kg-1 (IN5), and intramuscular saline (CON). The degree of sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were assessed from the baseline to 360 minutes post-administrations. The IM treatment induced mild to deep sedation from 10 (9 [8-12]) to 120 minutes (8 [3-9]). Sedation was not achieved in groups IN2 and IN3. When compared to the baseline, mild sedation was achieved in IN5 at 20 (5 [2-6]), 45 (5 [1-6]) and 90 minutes (5 [1-7]). There was a reduction in heart rate only in the IM group at 360 minutes (40 ± 15.1 bpm). Respiratory rate decreased to the baseline only in IN5, at 30 (12 [8-16] mpm) and 90 minutes (12 [8-24] mpm). No changes in body temperature were observed with any of the treatments during the evaluation period. Intranasally administered midazolam at a dose of 5 mg.kg-1, but not at 2 and 3 mg.kg-1, induced mild sedation in green iguanas. However, the effect exhibited a lower intensity and duration compared to the intramuscular dose of 2 mg.kg-1. Therefore, the administration of intranasal midazolam is not a reasonable option compared to the intramuscular route.
Situações de crise de saúde mental: o trabalho do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Paula Gessner Bravo de , Akra Nur Mohamad Ali El , Córdova Lucas Ferraz , Cardoso Lucilene , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Giacon Arruda Bianca Cristina Ciccone
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analisar o trabalho do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde diante de situações de crise de saúde mental. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, subsidiada pelos referenciais teóricos-interpretativos da análise do comportamento e do materialismo histórico-dialético. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com doze enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde e analisados pela técnica dedutiva proposta pelo Theorical Domains Framework , referencial metodológico adotado. Resultados: os dados analisados possibilitaram a elaboração de dois temas: “O trabalho do enfermeiro: determinantes materiais e sociais” e “Condições subjetivas do enfermeiro diante de situações de crise de saúde mental”. O trabalho do enfermeiro foi pautado pela execução protocolar de etapas “técnicas” relacionadas à clínica psiquiátrica, com compreensão da crise como “surto psiquiátrico”. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou analisar o trabalho do enfermeiro diante das situações de crise, descrevendo as contradições objetivas e subjetivas, sua compreensão do fenômeno da crise a as repercussões emocionais desse trabalho nos profissionais. Evidenciou-se um trabalho atravessado pela alienação e pelo fetiche da técnica, situação que levanta a necessidade de atuação, organização e mobilização político-social da categoria de enfermagem em torno da luta contra o modelo de atenção manicomial e consolidação da perspectiva da Reforma Psiquiátrica.
Information Model on pain management for elder adults aged 75 years or older
Authors: Cruz Ana Clara de Brito , Lucena Amália de Fátima , Nomura Aline Tsuma Gaedke , Almeida Miriam de Abreu
Published: October 2024

Objective: to develop an information model on pain management in hospitalized aged people. Method: a Big Data retrospective and observational study guided by the Applied Healthcare Data Science Roadmap. The sample included all Electronic Health Records related to pain management in older adults aged at least 75 years old considered vulnerable in the institution and admitted to clinical and surgical units. Data science packages were used in Python ® for data analysis. Results: a total of 9,635 hospitalizations were found for 4,753 patients, with a mean age of 81 years old and 54% belonging to the female gender. The main reasons for hospitalization were diseases of the circulatory system (n=1,593; 28.6%), neoplasms (n=893; 16%) and diseases of the genitourinary system (n=508; 9.1%). A total of 60 attributes related to pain were identified and organized into groups: current pain, assessment instruments and characteristics, Nursing diagnosis, etiology of the Nursing diagnosis, interventions for relief, consultations to specialties and pain reassessment. The groups were classified into four large panels that constituted the information model. Conclusion: the information model developed presented an overview of the healthcare reality of pain management in vulnerable aged people, supporting decision-making for pain management in this population segment.
Normas y percepciones de los padres sobre el uso de dispositivos móviles por parte de niños menores de cinco años
Authors: San-Martín-Roldán David , González-Marrón Adrián , de-Paz-Cantos Sonia , Lidón-Moyano Cristina , Díez-Izquierdo Ana , M Martínez-Sánchez Jose
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: describir las normas y percepciones de una muestra de padres y tutores españoles sobre el uso de dispositivos móviles ( smartphones y/o tablets ) por parte de sus hijos y su asociación con este uso. Método: estudio cuantitativo, analítico, transversal, online y exploratorio con una muestra no probabilística de padres o tutores de niños que utilizan smartphones o tablets . El cuestionario virtual constaba de 44 preguntas y se encontraba disponible en https://www.kenkolab.org/participa/ . Resultados: el número total de participantes (padres o tutores) fue de 183 personas. Se observó que el 26,2% de los padres admitieron que sus hijos tenían acceso gratuito y sin restricciones a smartphones o tablets . Se identificaron asociaciones entre el tiempo dedicado al uso de dispositivos móviles y las actitudes de los padres, como el permiso sin limitaciones de tiempo y el uso como recompensa o castigo. Aproximadamente la mitad de los encuestados considera que sus hijos utilizan su dispositivo móvil por más tiempo que el recomendado. Conclusión: la mayoría de los padres ejercen cierto control sobre el uso de dispositivos de sus hijos. Actuar según las normas y percepciones de los padres es vital para abordar con éxito el tiempo que los niños pasan en los dispositivos móviles. La enfermería comunitaria puede ser un medio para la educación sobre hábitos saludables de consumo de pantallas en la primera infancia.
Uso de smartphone por personas mayores en el proceso de envejecimiento saludable: una teoría fundamentada en los datos
Authors: Gallo Adriana Martins , Araujo Juliane Pagliari , Baccon Wanessa Cristina , Marques Francielle Renata Danielli Martins , Salci Maria Aparecida , Carreira Lígia
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: comprender los sentimientos y reconocimientos de personas mayores al experimentar el uso del smartphone en el día a día, así como las implicaciones en el proceso de envejecimiento saludable. Método: investigación cualitativa, utilizando Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ; Senior Technology Acceptance & Adoption Model y el referencial metodológico Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos Constructivista. Se reclutaron intencionalmente personas de 60 años o más; usuarios de smartphones ; participantes desde hace 6 meses o más de un proyecto de extensión, sin deterioro cognitivo, determinados por muestreo teórico. Un guion semiestructurado orientó la recolección de datos. El análisis comparativo constante y concomitante siguió los pasos de codificación inicial y focalizada, con apoyo de memorandos, hasta la saturación teórica. El diagrama de Sankey integró el análisis de los datos, utilizando el software Atlas.ti. Resultados: 37 participantes fueron ubicados en dos grupos muestrales. Se presenta la categoría “Experimentando la evolución tecnológica durante el proceso de envejecimiento” y dos subcategorías: “Experimentando sentimientos al envejecer frente al desarrollo tecnológico”; “Usando el smartphone y reconociendo nuevas experiencias”. Conclusión: al experimentar el uso del smartphone , las personas mayores comprenden y reconocen la búsqueda de competencias digitales a partir de sus necesidades de utilidad y aplicabilidad de la tecnología de información y comunicación en su día a día, integrándola al proceso de envejecimiento saludable.
Evaluación de la dependencia del autocuidado en personas con amputaciones de los miembros inferiores: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Rodrigues Diana Fonseca , Machado Paulo Alexandre Puga , Martins Teresa , Carvalho António Luís Rodrigues Faria de , Pinto Cristina Maria Correia Barroso
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: identificar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de personas con amputación mayor de miembro inferior de origen vascular y evaluar su nivel de dependencia y autonomía en las actividades de autocuidado en el hogar. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio, transversal y descriptivo. La muestra por conveniencia estuvo compuesta por 40 participantes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión corta del Formulario de Evaluación de Dependencia de Autocuidado. Resultados: de los 40 (100%) participantes, la mayoría eran hombres; el 75% tenía más de 65 años y el 77,5% fue sometido a amputación transfemoral. En relación al nivel de dependencia predominaron las actividades relacionadas con el autocuidado: “caminar”, “bañarse”, “vestirse y desvestirse”, “ir al baño” y “trasladarse” y en cuanto a la autonomía el 72,5 % se limitó a un silla de ruedas. Conclusión: el dominio del autocuidado con mayor nivel de dependencia es “caminar” y el más bajo es el “alimentarse”. Una mayor autonomía en el uso del baño, caminar y pasar de la cama a la silla resultaron ser actividades de autocuidado con mayor capacidad para predecir la autonomía del paciente.
Self-care dependency assessment of person with lower limb amputation: an exploratory study
Authors: Rodrigues Diana Fonseca , Machado Paulo Alexandre Puga , Martins Teresa , Carvalho António Luís Rodrigues Faria de , Pinto Cristina Maria Correia Barroso
Published: October 2024

Objective: to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the person with dysvascular major lower limb amputation and to assess their degree of dependence and autonomy in self-care activities at home. Method: quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The convenience sample consisted of 40 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the short version of the Self-Care Dependence Assessment Form were used for data collection. Results: of the 40 (100%) participants, the majority were male; 75% were over 65 years of age, 77.5% had a transfemoral amputation, and 72.5% were confined to a wheelchair. The higher levels of dependency predominated in self-care: “walking”, “bathing”, “dressing and undressing”, “using the toilet” and “transferring”. Conclusion: this study showed that the self-care domain with the highest level of dependence is “walking” self-care, and the lowest is “feeding”. Greater autonomy in using the toilet, walking and transferring from bed to chair were shown to be self-care activities with the best ability to predict patient autonomy.
Ideologia econômica e conflito político no Conselho Monetário Nacional
Authors: Albuquerque Mateus C.M. de , Perissinotto Renato
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Introdução: A política monetária é usualmente apresentada como assunto essencialmente técnico, distante de embates ideológicos. Em contraste com essa perspectiva, o artigo analisa os conflitos de posições no interior do Conselho Monetário Nacional do Brasil (CMN). O CMN é formado pelos ministros da Fazenda, do Planejamento e pelo presidente do Banco Central. O artigo busca compreender se há associação entre a posição ideológica destes atores no que tange à ortodoxia econômica e a sua propensão a entrar em conflito. Materiais e métodos: Para tanto, estabelecemos um “índice de Ortodoxia” a partir dos perfis prosopográficos de todos vinte e um integrantes do CMN no período entre 1995 e 2018. Para construir o índice foram utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: formação educacional, inserção institucional, atribuição de ideologia econômica por terceiros e posição pública quanto à ortodoxia econômica. A escala do índice foi adequada à técnica de pesquisa utilizada (multi-value QCA). Resultados: Demonstramos que as tríades ideologicamente divergentes são as que mais revelam conflitos em torno da política econômica. No entanto, encontramos casos em que ministros com posições ideológicas diferentes das de sua tríade não provocaram conflito. Isso sugere que fatores políticos, como a capacidade de mobilizar coalizões ideológicas, são importantes para explicar esses casos atípicos. Discussão: As ideologias econômicas, moldadas pelas trajetórias sociais, educacionais, profissionais e políticas dos agentes, impactam diretamente sua atuação nos órgãos do Estado. Essas ideologias influenciam a disposição dos agentes a confrontar colegas com ideologias diferentes. Na política monetária, diferenças de opinião baseadas em discordâncias teóricas têm efeitos concretos nas ações dos membros do Conselho Monetário Nacional.
Estudando a física moderna por meio de um experimento didático-investigativo: o céu azul
Authors: Guimaraes Michele Hidemi Ueno , Soga Diogo
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho apresenta um experimento didático-investigativo de Física Moderna. Pensamos o experimento a partir do referencial investigativo, baseando-se na problematização e descoberta, em um processo, no qual o aluno é o protagonista, interagindo na construção do próprio conhecimento, facilitando a sua aprendizagem. Neste caso, o professor torna-se alguém que engaja os alunos nas discussões, incentivando-os a participar ativamente das aulas, a refletir, analisar e questionar. Observando peças transparentes, de material birrefringente, iluminados pela luz parcialmente polarizada do céu azul, observamos, em conjunto com um polarizador, padrões coloridos nas peças, a partir do qual podemos inferir o aprendizado de Física Moderna no Ensino Médio. Explicamos o céu azul, a polarização da luz e associamos ao fenômeno da birrefringência. O experimento é de baixo custo, pois precisa de dois componentes e uma câmera digital para registrar imagens.
Healthcare Waste Management: connections with sustainable nursing care
Authors: Ferreira Maria José Carvalho , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Valadares Glaucia Valente , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meanings revealed by nurses about sustainable care in its connections with the management of Healthcare Waste in hospital. Method: Qualitative research, whose theoretical and methodological references were, respectively, Complexity Theory and Grounded Theory. Nursing professionals from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The actions-interactions signified by the nursing staff, for the management of Healthcare Waste, revealed an understanding of the socio-environmental responsibility of the rational use of material resources; of the need for permanent education to promote environmental education; of the need to supervise the proper management of waste. The professionals perceive themselves as a driving force for reordering positive changes in this context. Conclusion: The participants signaled implications between knowledge, rational use of materials, waste generation and disposal, health economics and quality of care. From these connections, we can deduce the complex meaning of sustainable hospital nursing care in the context of Healthcare Waste management.
Effects of the TIV-Disinfect educational intervention in pediatric units: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Bitencourt Aline de Souza , Silva Thiago Lopes , Souza Sabrina de , Moura Jefferson Wildes da Silva , Santos Luciano Marques dos , Silva Bianka Sousa Martins , Dalcin Camila Biazus , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effect of the educational intervention TIV-Disinfect (Intravenous Therapy-Disinfect) on the knowledge of nursing professionals in pediatric inpatient units. Method: Quasi-experimental study, with a dependent sample of 65 nursing professionals from pediatric inpatient units. A questionnaire with objective questions regarding the disinfection of venous devices was used, and pre- and post-tests were applied. Data collection was conducted in two public hospitals in southern Brazil, between April and July 2022. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and McNemar's test were used. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-tests regarding variables of passive disinfection, and recommended antiseptics and materials, rubbing and drying. A lower frequency of incorrect alternatives was noted after the intervention. Conclusion: The educational intervention had a positive effect. Better results were observed in the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding the disinfection of venous devices, as well as allowing the professionals to reinforce already consolidated knowledge. This intervention can be used as a tool for updating and/or continuing training of nursing professionals, aiming at the safety of pediatric patients and care practices.
Economía circular en contextos locales: caso Ecuador
Authors: Guerrero-Villegas Wilma Matilde , Gallegos-Varela Mónica Cecilia , Rosero-Rosero Piedad Maribel , Pinargote-Yépez Lucía Maribel
Published: October 2024

Resumen La economía circular, definida como un proceso regenerativo y de restauración que incrementa el valor de los materiales al insertarlos en nuevos procesos productivos, está presente en el debate académico hace más de dos décadas. La presente investigación busca determinar la ruta seguida por el Estado ecuatoriano para incorporar el concepto de economía circular en la normativa legal como instrumento de política pública. Adicionalmente, se pretende inferir si esta nueva concepción de la economía es conocida y aplicada en contextos locales estudiando cuatro planes de desarrollo de gobiernos autónomos municipales del norte del país. En la metodología se trabajó con entrevistas a funcionarios de gobiernos locales y documentación bibliográfica para analizar exhaustivamente los diferentes hitos en la construcción del marco legal sobre economía circular, incluyendo los Códigos Orgánicos del Ambiente y de Producción y Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial. Los hallazgos permiten afirmar que, si bien la iniciativa sobre economía circular es reciente en el país, el gobierno ha logrado en corto tiempo emitir el Libro Blanco y la Ley Orgánica de Economía Circular. Sin embargo, a nivel de territorio, la definición y los principios de economía circular son escasamente conocidos por los gobiernos locales, siendo la gestión de residuos sólidos el pilar de mayor cumplimiento relacionado con esta nueva tendencia, aunque esto se debe a que forma parte de las actividades que competen a los gobiernos locales y no necesariamente porque exista la intención de incorporar en la planificación del desarrollo un modelo económico circular.
Legal Opportunity Structure and Legal Battles Over Sex Education and LGBTQ Students in Brazil and Colombia
Authors: Cortes Ana de Mello , Jaramillo Juliana
Published: October 2024

Abstract Brazil and Colombia are outstanding cases of rights recognition through courts. However, when it comes to comprehensive sex education (CSE), the legal battles in these countries have experienced notably different moments. Drawing on judicial cases from the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court and the Colombian Constitutional Court, we identify the actors involved in the legal battles over CSE and show how the legal opportunity structure (i.e., the configuration of power, the access to the courts, the systems of alliance and conflicts, and the availability of legal frames) shaped the course and outcomes of the legal mobilization that took place in these countries in different ways. For this, we work with document analysis of court case files and consider a sample established in February 2023 containing 9 cases from Brazil and 24 cases from Colombia. We argue that (i) the Colombian court is much more open to civil society than the Brazilian court, resulting in a broader and more diversified use of litigation, and that (ii) the different configuration of political power has led the Brazilian mobilization to assume a feature of resistance to conservative attacks on CSE, while in Colombia, litigation has become a tool for expanding the right to sex education and protecting LGBTQ students.
Modelos conceituais de Gestão do Conhecimento Indígena: uma discussão na Ciência da Informação
Authors: Fonseca Diego Leonardo de Souza , Zaninelli Thais Batista
Published: October 2024

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo explorar algumas iniciativas de modelos conceituais de Gestão do Conhecimento Indígena no âmbito da Ciência da Informação a partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva com a realização de um processo de coleta de estudos em bases de dados (Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO e a Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação), estruturado por critérios de inclusão e exclusão para a definição da amostra da pesquisa. Durante a coleta de dados, após a avaliação dos critérios de pesquisa, foram selecionados 08 artigos para análise e discussão. No processo de análise, observou-se que os modelos conceituais de Gestão do Conhecimento Indígena identificados apresentam características, estruturas e abordagens diferentes, de acordo com a localização, a comunidade e os objetivos propostos, dependendo de cada contexto social, político, econômico e informacional. Em conclusão, identificou-se que todos os modelos de Gestão do Conhecimento Indígena são internacionais, com grande parte deles concentrados na América do Norte e África, enquanto no Brasil não foi localizado nenhum estudo apresentando proposta de modelo, o que, para o entendimento deste artigo é compreendido como um hiato de pesquisa. Sugere-se como pesquisas futuras um aprofundamento das discussões sobre o Conhecimento Indígena e a Gestão do Conhecimento Indígena no campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil, a fim de possibilitar a construção de um cenário investigativo sobre o tema.
O paradoxo profundo: dos kernels à maquiagem social
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Lima Leite , Sales Rodrigo de
Published: October 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção científica disponível sobre modelos de Deep Learning para diagnóstico de doenças de pele, com foco na diversidade étnico-racial, em coleções de imagens. Metodologicamente, o estudo caracteriza-se como uma revisão narrativa da literatura, de natureza exploratória. Excluíram-se artigos que não utilizavam algoritmos de aprendizagem profunda ou que não abordavam o diagnóstico de doenças de pele. Foram analisados 37 artigos e 7 coleções de imagens de lesões cutâneas. Os resultados mostram que três artigos mencionavam a origem populacional das imagens utilizadas no treinamento dos modelos de Deep Learning. Apenas uma coleção indicou a predominância populacional das imagens representadas, mas nenhum desses repositórios forneciam estatísticas detalhadas sobre a população participante. Conclui-se que a eficácia dos algoritmos em contextos de diversidade racial carece de evidências, e as pesquisas analisadas não apresentavam soluções para essa lacuna. Nesse contexto, este estudo destaca o paradoxo profundo entre o avanço tecnológico e a perpetuação de desigualdades sociais, enfatizando a necessidade de ajustes sociais em sistemas de inteligência artificial para promover equidade no acesso à saúde e evitar o viés algorítmico em tecnologias de diagnóstico.
A avaliação dos projetos para a obtenção de Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa: a aderência às áreas de tecnologias prioritárias do CNPq à luz do pensamento de Robert Merton
Authors: Calderón Adolfo-Ignacio
Published: October 2024

Resumo Discute-se, à luz das contribuições teóricas de Robert Merton, pai da sociologia da ciência, a influência extrínseca à pesquisa científica na área de Educação, especificamente a exigência de aderência dos projetos de pesquisa do Programa Bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq às áreas de tecnologias prioritárias durante o triênio de 2021 a 2023. Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica, documental, envolvendo reflexões das vivências do autor. Considerando a suspensão da exigência mencionada, o estudo destaca, entre outras conclusões, o consenso sobre a importância e a necessidade do financiamento governamental para o avanço do conhecimento nas áreas de fronteira entre Educação e tecnologias.
Simultaneous trait selection strategies applied to genome-wide selection for the identification of superior genotypes
Authors: Silva Lidiane Aparecida , Peixoto Marco Antônio , Peixoto Leonardo de Azevedo , Romero Juan Vicente , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: October 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of direct and indirect selection in genome-wide selection (GWS) and to compare multivariate strategies applied to GWS via selection indices. Ten F2 populations with 800 individuals were simulated, considering four traits with different heritabilities. The simulated data were subjected to genomic selection analyses. The five following strategies of selection indices were developed and applied to GWS: weighting of marker effects by residual variance; coding and standardization of marker effects; application of the average to the marker effects; application of the Mulamba & Mock index to genomic genetic values; and coding and standardization of phenotypic values before the GWS analyses. The GWS methods were more efficient than phenotypic selection. The multivariate strategies provide a higher selection efficiency than the direct and indirect phenotypic selections and than the direct and indirect selections based on genomic genetic values and on the phenotypic selection index.
Reference values for nutritional diagnosis of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear by boundary line approach
Authors: Teixeira Marcelo Batista , Donato Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues , Silva João Abel da , Donato Paulo Emílio Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine reference values for nutritional diagnosis of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated with organic fertilization under semi-arid conditions by boundary line approach. The contents of nutrients, determined in samples collected in newly mature cladodes, dry matter yield (DMY), and nutrient extraction of 72 plots of an experiment with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear, fertilized with cattle manure, were used to establish the reference values. The lower (L1) and upper (Lu) limits of the reference values were determined by fitted regression of DMY (y) as a function of nutrient contents in cladodes (x), considering a percentage of the maximum dry matter yield (slope = 0). The reference values, established by boundary line approach for macronutrients and micronutrients, are accurate for the nutritional diagnosis of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear and determine classes for interpretation of nutritional status. The normal reference values established for macronutrients, in g kg−1, are: N (≤11.2 – <19.0), P (≤1.0 – <2.1), K (≤26.7 – <44.2), S (≤0.9 – <2.1), Ca (≤22.1 – <32.6), and Mg (≤9.1 – <13.0); and micronutrients, in mg kg−1, are: B (≤21.6 – <33.5), Cu (≤1.7 – <4.8), Fe (≤49.0 – <125.4), Mn (≤0.0 – <680.4), Zn (≤28.3 – <80.6), and Na (≤19.3 – <72.2).
A Fortiori Case-Based Reasoning: From Theory to Data
Authors: Van Woerkom Wijnand , Grossi Davide , Prakken Henry , Verheij Bart
Published: October 2024

The widespread application of uninterpretable machine learning systems for sensitive purposes has spurred research into elucidating the decision-making process of these systems. These efforts have their background in many different disciplines, one of which is the field of AI & law. In particular, recent works have observed that machine learning training data can be interpreted as legal cases. Under this interpretation, the formalism developed to study case law, called the theory of precedential constraint, can be used to analyze the way in which machine learning systems draw on training data—or should draw on them—to make decisions. In the present work, we advance the theory underlying these explanation methods, by relating it to order theory and logic. This allows us to write a software implementation of the theory that can be used to compute with the definitions and give automatic proofs of the properties of the model. We use this implementation to evaluate the model on a series of datasets. Through this analysis, we characterize the types of datasets that are more, or less, suitable to be described by the theory.
UK Khat Prohibition and the Making of a Harmful Drug
Authors: Ermansons Guntars
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the complex dynamics of khat (Catha edulis) prohibition in the UK, with a particular focus on a Somali community in north-west London. Despite the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs finding no substantial evidence of khat causing societal or medical harms and recommending public health interventions instead of prohibition, the UK Home Office classified khat as a Class C drug in June 2014. This decision raises critical questions about what constitutes a harmful drug. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted during the peak of prohibition discourse in 2013–14, the article explores how notions of harm operate across moral, political, and epistemological registers as people grapple with framing khat’s drug status and the effects of its use. It illustrates how prohibition discourse not only amplified perceptions of khat’s harmfulness but also sidelined the more nuanced concerns of Somali community members over persistent socioeconomic integration issues, mental health, and social marginalisation. Thus, the harm of khat may not lie in its potency as a psychoactive substance but as an object of prohibition that overshadows interventions to address the adverse conditions associated with its use among certain individuals.
​​The Glass Witness​: Visual and Tactile Engagements with Online Medical Crowdfunding
Authors: Wardell Susan
Published: October 2024

Donation-based crowdfunding platforms invite people to tell stories of unmet health needs in a hybrid form—using both words and images—but research to date has not addressed the role of visual practice in this setting, in any detail. In this Photo Essay I present an art installation responding to this gap and informed by empirical data from a three-year study of medical crowdfunding in Aotearoa New Zealand. Through a feminist new materialist lens, and connecting to scholarship on visuality and the gaze, I used the medium of stained glass to evoke and connect the experiences of both campaigners and audiences. I briefly discuss the design process, alongside reflections on the role of graphic medical imagery in an assemblage of witnessing; on disability, shock, and the economic function of voyeurism; on non-normative bodies and subjectification through the gaze; on biases in audience recognition; and on paradoxes of intimacy and distance through digital technology. I highlight that both the content and the context of images have a role in shaping the ‘response-ability’ of networked publics to the suffering of distant others; in the case of medical crowdfunding, with significant consequences for healthcare access.
Rapid Sequencing gDNA Barcoding RBK2004 v2
Authors: Carlos Goller Carlos , Sjogren Carly
Published: October 2024

This protocol has been adapted from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. You have isolated, purified, and quantified DNA from your bacterial isolate. You have also worked with your bacterium and grown in the presence of different carbon sources and pH levels to characterize its properties using Biolog GEN3 plates. Now, we can sequence the DNA of your isolate using long-read sequencing and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION. With the genetic sequences we obtain, we will attempt to assemble the genome of this organism and explore its genomic potential! The MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) will allow us to sequence genomic DNA using a flow cell with hundreds of nanopores. The DNA will be passed through the pores, and changes in current will be interpreted as bases (“base calling”). After performing quality control to remove low-quality sequences, we will assemble the sequences to create contigs and scaffolds with the goal of exploring the genome of your isolates. Created with BioRender.com. After completing this lab you will gain the following lab skills: Lab safety and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Pipetting with micropipettes Preparing sequencing libraries for the ONT MinION
Realidad Actual Sobre La Inclusión Del Colectivo Trans* En España
Authors: Ros-Moreno Eleazar , García-Rojas Antonio Daniel , Carrasco-Macías María José
Published: October 2024

La igualdad es una condición de justicia social que garantiza el pleno desarrollo del ser humano, derecho recogido en el artículo 1.1 de la Constitución Española. No obstante, los delitos de odio contra el colectivo trans siguen en aumento, siendo uno de los grupos sociales más vulnerables al estar en paro el 80%. A este hecho se le suma la inexistente formación del profesorado en identidad de género. El objetivo de la presente investigación es indagar sobre la inclusión real del colectivo trans en el ámbito educativo, social y familiar. La metodología es mixta de naturaleza exploratoria, por un lado, en la metodología cuantitativa se recurre al cuestionario de escala tipo Likert que respondieron 131 españoles. Por otro lado, en la metodología cualitativa se entrevistaron 5 españoles trans. Los resultados muestran que el colectivo trans no disfruta de una igualdad en derechos y oportunidades como el resto de la población y entre las causas destaca el desconocimiento de esta realidad. Este hecho demuestra la necesidad de educar en diversidad sexo-genérica a toda la sociedad, comenzando desde los profesionales de la educación, con el fin de formar ciudadanos libres de estereotipos de género.
A PROBLEM IN FRACTIONAL ORDER THERMO-VISCOELASTICITY THEORY FOR A POLYMER MICRO-ROD WITH AND WITHOUT ENERGY DISSIPATION
Authors: Hendy Mohamed H. , Ezzat Magdy A. , Al-lobani Esraa M. , Hassan Ahmed S.
Published: October 2024

A new study has been developed that considers the size-dependent interaction between viscoelastic deformation and thermal fields, incorporating the fractional heat conduction law with and without energy dissipation. The model is used for a particular one-dimensional problem involving a polymer micro-rod of arbitrary length experiencing three different types of thermal loading without the presence of any heat source. The study uses Laplace transforms and numerical inversion to examine how fractional order, nonlocal elasticity, and nonlocal thermal conduction impact thermal dispersion and thermo-viscoelastic response. Comparative numbers demonstrate the effects of various parameters. Findings demonstrate that nonlocal thermal and viscoelastic characteristics have a significant impact on all recorded field values, offering possible suggestions for the creation and assessment of thermal-mechanical attributes in nanoscale devices.
Construções causativas no português antigo e clássico: O scrambling e a emergência da marcação de caso excepcional
Authors: Andrade Aroldo Leal de
Published: October 2024

Resumo: Este texto tem um duplo objetivo: apresentar um quadro da   variação e mudança envolvendo diferentes construções causativas no português antigo e clássico, a partir de um estudo baseado em corpus; e apresentar uma análise para a emergência da construção de marcação de caso excepcional no complemento de verbos causativos. Proponho, num quadro minimalista, que o licenciamento do causado na posição entre os verbos causativo e infinitivo surge a partir da reanálise de uma posição A’ na periferia do sintagma infinitivo, resultante de uma operação de scrambling. Até o final do português antigo, a construção não seria possível devido a uma correlação entre propriedade de “ordem livre de palavras” quanto à configuracionalidade discursiva e o alinhamento morfossintático inverso dos argumentos verbais no complemento infinitivo.Palavras-chave: Português antigo; Português clássico; Verbos causativos; Marcação de caso excepcional; Configuracionalidade discursiva.Abstract: This text has a twofold goal: to give a picture of variation and   change involving different causative constructions in Old and Classical Portuguese from a corpus-based study, and to present an account for   the emergence of the Exceptional Case Marking construction in the complement of causative verbs. I propose, in a minimalist framework, that the licensing of the causee in the position between the causative and the infinitival verb arises from the reanalysis of an A’ position at the periphery of the infinitival phrase, resulting from a scrambling operation. Until the end of Old Portuguese the construction would not be possible due to a correlation between the property of “free word order” regarding discourse configurationality and the inverse morphosyntactic alignment of the verbal arguments in the infinitival complement.Keywords: Old Portuguese; Classical Portuguese; Causative Verbs;Exceptional Case Marking; Discourse Configurationality.
Clinical spectrum and outcomes of fungal sepsis in neonates in the two neonatal intensive care unit of Bangladesh: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mannan M. Abdul , Ferdousi Farhana , Islam M. Naeem , Nasrin Ummey Tamima , Siddika Ayesha , Rahman Tareq , Hossain M. Ismail , Alam Mohammad Shakhawat
Published: October 2024

Background: Fungal infections have emerged as a significant cause of late-onset neonatal sepsis in the last two decades. Epidemiological data on fungal sepsis in neonates especially in the Bangladesh population is scarce. Fungal infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective of the study: This study aims to determine the epidemiological trend of neonatal fungal infection, the organisms, and their susceptibility pattern to the different antifungal agents and additionally to look for the various risk factors, clinical features, and laboratory manifestation of fungal sepsis in neonates.
Method: This Prospective observational study was carried in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Central hospital, Dhaka after approval from IRB.  A total of 106 admitted neonates during the study period who were eligible for this study were included. On the basis of exclusion criteria 12 neonates were excluded. Blood culture was tested in the department of Microbiology of participating institutes.
Results: After meeting all inclusion criteria 94 patients were included in the study. Most of the neonates (62.8%) were male and 67% were outborn. Around 34% Birth weight was between 2500gm to 3999gm followed by 31.9% in between 1000 gm to 1499 gm. Preterm were 69.2% and delivery by LUCS was 75.5%. Death occurred in 12.8% cases. Fungal growth were isolated in 69.1% cases. All were Candida species. There was no statically significant difference in between Culture positive and no growth group in terms of risk factors and laboratory findings except temperature instability. In culture positive group 82.4% cases had temperature instability compared to no growth group. All Candida species were sensitive to most of the antifungal agents except Candida ciferrii which was only sensitive to flucytosine.
Conclusion: Candida is the most prevalent fungus in NICU. Candida ciferrii is an emerging fungus which is resistant to classical antifungal agents.