bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ipragliflozin attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development in an animal model
Authors: Morishita Asahiro , Tadokoro Tomoko , Fujihara Shintaro , Iwama Hisakazu , Oura Kyoko , Fujita Koji , Tani Joji , Takuma Kei , Nakahara Mai , Shi Tingting , Haba Reiji , Okano Keiichi , Nishiyama Akira , Ono Masafumi , Himoto Takashi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: February 2022

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease with no decisive treatment. The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ipragliflozin was developed as a new oral hypoglycemic drug, which can improve NASH via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules. However, ipragliflozin appears to modulate steatosis or inflammation via different pathways. To elucidate the new mechanism of ipragliflozin for the treatment of NASH, we evaluated its effects in a NASH mouse model (STAM mice) with beta cell depletion, and compared the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in STAM mice treated with or without ipragliflozin (16.7 μg/day for 5 weeks). Ipragliflozin reduced aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase levels, along with reduced hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis. In addition, ipragliflozin upregulated mitochondrial transport-related and antioxidant defensive system-related genes in the liver. Among 2555 mouse miRNA probes, miR-19b-3p was commonly differentially expressed with ipragliflozin treatment for 5 weeks in both the liver and serum but in different directions, with a decrease in the liver and increase in the serum. Therefore, ipragliflozin can improve NASH development likely through the antioxidative stress pathway and by regulating miR-19b-3p.
Involvement of global coordinative structure in achieving the local pendulum swinging task
Authors: Yagai Yusuke , Miura Akito , Mishima Hiroyuki , Furuyama Nobuhiro
Published: February 2022

In the literature on inter-limb coordination, the coordination among ‘‘focal’’ body parts (i.e., the two limbs) directly engaged in a pendulum swinging task has been studied by immobilizing other body parts to reduce “noise,” while putting aside questions of how one maintains posture while performing the task. However, in practical performance of musical instruments, for example, performers must coordinate different body parts in sync with the music while maintaining the whole body’s balance. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and necessity of understanding inter-limb coordination in whole-body coordination. Participants were asked to move two pendulums either in sync or alternatively with metronome beeps under two conditions: immobile (fixed forearms) and mobile (forearms not fixed). The explorative analyses focused on whether and how coordinative structures emerged and whether the degree of task achievement differed according to the phase mode, frequency, and mobility conditions. The motion similarity and phase difference between different parts and the pendulums showed that task-specific coordinative structures emerged in both immobile and mobile conditions. In the in-phase mobile condition, the emergent coordinative structure may have improved task achievement, shown by the phase difference between the left and right pendulums. These findings suggest that the global coordinative structure is involved in achieving the local pendulum swinging task.
Effect of zinc nanoparticles seed priming and foliar application on the growth and physio-biochemical indices of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under salt stress
Authors: Zafar Sara , Perveen Shagufta , Kamran Khan Muhammad , Shaheen Muhammad Rashid , Hussain Rashid , Sarwar Nadeem , Rashid Sahar , Nafees Muhammad , Farid Ghulam , Alamri Saud , Shah Anis Ali , Javed Talha , Irfan Mohammad , Siddiqui Manzer H.
Published: February 2022

Salt stress is the major risk to the seed germination and plant growth via affecting physiological and biochemical activities in plants. Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are emerged as a key agent in regulating the tolerance mechanism in plants under environmental stresses. However, the tolerance mechanisms which are regulated by ZnNPs in plants are still not fully understood. Therefore, the observation was planned to explore the role of ZnNPs (applied as priming and foliar) in reducing the harmful influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress on the development of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants. Varying concentrations of ZnNPs (0.1%, 0.2% & 0.3%) were employed to the spinach as seed priming and foliar, under control as well as salt stress environment. The alleviation of stress was observed in ZnNPs-applied spinach plants grown under salt stress, with a reduced rise in the concentration hydrogen peroxide, melondialdehyde and anthocyanin contents. A clear decline in soluble proteins, chlorophyll contents, ascorbic acid, sugars, and total phenolic contents was observed in stressed conditions. Exogenous ZnNPs suppressed the NaCl generated reduction in biochemical traits, and progress of spinach plants. However, ZnNPs spray at 0.3% followed by priming was the most prominent treatment in the accumulation of osmolytes and the production of antioxidant molecules in plants.
Evolution of hospitalized patient characteristics through the first three COVID-19 waves in Paris area using machine learning analysis
Authors: Jung Camille , Excoffier Jean-Baptiste , Raphaël-Rousseau Mathilde , Salaün-Penquer Noémie , Ortala Matthieu , Chouaid Christos
Published: February 2022

Characteristics of patients at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19 disease have been widely described, but very few studies describe their evolution through the following waves. Data was collected retrospectively from a prospectively maintained database from a University Hospital in Paris area, over a year corresponding to the first three waves of COVID-19 in France. Evolution of patient characteristics between non-severe and severe cases through the waves was analyzed with a classical multivariate logistic regression along with a complementary Machine-Learning-based analysis using explainability methods. On 1076 hospitalized patients, severe forms concerned 29% (123/429), 31% (66/214) and 18% (79/433) of each wave. Risk factors of the first wave included old age (≥ 70 years), male gender, diabetes and obesity while cardiovascular issues appeared to be a protective factor. Influence of age, gender and comorbidities on the occurrence of severe COVID-19 was less marked in the 3rd wave compared to the first 2, and the interactions between age and comorbidities less important. Typology of hospitalized patients with severe forms evolved rapidly through the waves. This evolution may be due to the changes of hospital practices and the early vaccination campaign targeting the people at high risk such as elderly and patients with comorbidities.
Change in beak overhangs of cliff swallows over 40 years: Partly a response to parasites?
Authors: Wagnon Gigi S. , Pletcher Olivia M. , Brown Charles R.
Published: February 2022

Some birds exhibit a maxillary overhang, in which the tip of the upper beak projects beyond the lower mandible and may curve downward. The overhang is thought to help control ectoparasites on the feathers. Little is known about the extent to which the maxillary overhang varies spatially or temporally within populations of the same species. The colonial cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) has relatively recently shifted to almost exclusive use of artificial structures such as bridges and highway culverts for nesting and consequently has been exposed to higher levels of parasitism than on its ancestral cliff nesting sites. We examined whether increased ectoparasitism may have favored recent changes in the extent of the maxillary overhang. Using a specimen collection of cliff swallows from western Nebraska, USA, spanning 40 years and field data on live birds, we found that the extent of the maxillary overhang increased across years in a nonlinear way, peaking in the late 2000’s, and varied inversely with cliff swallow colony size for unknown reasons. The number of fleas on nestling cliff swallows declined in general over this period. Those birds with perceptible overhangs had fewer swallow bugs on the outside of their nest, but they did not have higher nesting success than birds with no overhangs. The intraspecific variation in the maxillary overhang in cliff swallows was partly consistent with it having a functional role in combatting ectoparasites. The temporal increase in the extent of the overhang may be a response by cliff swallows to their relatively recent increased exposure to parasitism. Our results demonstrate that this avian morphological trait can change rapidly over time.
Evidence that digital game players neglect age classification systems when deciding which games to play
Authors: Hollett Ross , Tomkinson Sian , Illingworth Sam , Power Brad , Harper Tauel
Published: February 2022

This article considers players’ experiences seeking out new games to play, and their use of the Australian National Classification Scheme in doing so. The global video game industry is booming, with hundreds of games being released each month across numerous platforms. As a result, players have an unprecedented number of games available when choosing what games to purchase. However, a number of confounding issues around the emergent content of games and the subjective nature of game reviewing makes it difficult to relate what kinds of experiences a given game will facilitate. In this study, we surveyed game players in order to find their game platform and acquisition preferences; strategies and experiences when choosing games; and attitudes towards classification systems. Our findings suggest that players find it difficult to choose what games to purchase, and that existing classification systems are mostly only beneficial when choosing games for minors.
Acceptability of an extended duration vaginal ring for HIV prevention and interest in a multi-purpose ring
Authors: Stoner Marie C. D. , Browne Erica N. , Gundacker Holly M. , Hawley Imogen , Chen Beatrice A. , Hoesley Craig , Scheckter Rachel , Piper Jeanna , Singh Devika , Song Mei , Liu Albert , van der Straten Ariane
Published: February 2022

Given challenges with adherence to existing HIV prevention products, the development of an extended duration vaginal ring could improve adherence while reducing patient and provider burden. Additionally, women have other interlinked sexual health concerns such as unintended pregnancy. We evaluated acceptability of a 90-day ring to prevent HIV and hypothetical preferences for a dual (HIV and contraceptive) indication. This was a secondary analysis of a Phase 1, two-arm, multi-site, placebo-controlled randomized trial evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics of a 90-day vaginal ring containing tenofovir for HIV prevention (N = 49). We used a mixed methods approach to assess quantitative data on acceptability (n = 49) and used qualitative data from a random subset to explain the quantitative findings (N = 25). The 3-month extended duration tenofovir ring was highly acceptable. Participants perceived the ring to be easy to use, comfortable and reported liking it more over time. About half felt the ring during sex but most of those participants said it bothered them only a little. Concerns about hygiene increased over the study period but were often outweighed by the benefits of an extended duration ring. Interest in a multi-purpose ring was high (77%) and even higher among those who were sexually active and had male partners. The 3-month extended duration tenofovir ring for HIV prevention was highly acceptable among women and interest in an MPT was high.
Identification of a biological form in the Anopheles stephensi laboratory colony using the odorant-binding protein 1 intron I sequence
Authors: Khan Jehangir , Gholizadeh Saber , Zhang Dongjing , Wang Gang , Guo Yan , Zheng Xiaoying , Wu Zhongdao , Wu Yu
Published: February 2022

Background

Anopheles stephensiListen (1901) is a major vector of malaria in Asia and has recently been found in some regions of Africa. TheAn.stepehnsispecies complex is suspected to have three sibling species: type, intermediate, and mysorensis, each with its own vector competence to the malaria parasite and ecology. To identify the members of the species complex in ourAn.stephensiinsectary colony, we used the morphological features of eggs and genetic markers such asAnsteObp1 (Anopheles stephensiodorant binding protein 1), mitochondrial oxidases subunit 1 and 2 (COI and COII), and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 locus (ITS2).

Methods

Eggs were collected from individual mosquitoes (n= 50) and counted for the number of ridges under stereomicroscope. Genomic DNA was extracted from female mosquitoes. After the amplification of partial fragments ofAnsteObp1, COI, COII and ITS2 genes, the PCR products were purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed after aligning query sequences against the submitted sequences in GenBank using MEGA 7.

Results

The range of ridges number on each egg float was 12–13 that corresponds to the mysorensis form ofAn.stephensi. The generated COI, COII and ITS2 sequences showed 100%, 99.46% and 99.29% similarity with the sequences deposited for Chinese, Indian and Iranian strains ofAn.stephensi, respectively. All the generatedAnsteObp1 intron I region sequences matched 100% with the sequences deposited forAn.stephensisibling species C (mysorensis form) from Iran and Afghanistan.

Conclusions

This manuscript precisely describes the morphological and molecular details of the ‘var mysorensis’ form ofAn.stephensithat could be exploited in elucidating its classification as well as in differentiation from other biotypes of the same or otheranophelinespecies. Based on our findings, we recommendAnsteObp1 as a robust genetic marker for rapid and accurate discrimination (taxonomic identification) of theAn.stephensispecies complex, rather than the COI, COII, and ITS2 marker, which could only be utilized for interspecies (Anopheles) differentiation.
Audio, video, chat, email, or survey: How much does online interview mode matter?
Authors: Oates Maggie , Crichton Kyle , Cranor Lorrie , Budwig Storm , Weston Erica J. L. , Bernagozzi Brigette M. , Pagaduan Julie
Published: February 2022

In the design of qualitative interview studies, researchers are faced with the challenge of choosing between many different methods of interviewing participants. This decision is particularly important when sensitive topics are involved. Even prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, considerations of cost, logistics, and participant anonymity have increasingly pushed more interviews online. While previous work has anecdotally compared the advantages of different online interview methods, no empirical evaluation has been undertaken. To fill this gap, we conducted 154 interviews with sensitive questions across seven randomly assigned conditions, exploring differences arising from the mode (video, audio, email, instant chat, survey), anonymity level, and scheduling requirements. We surveyed interviewers and interviewees after their interview for perceptions on rapport, anonymity, and honesty. In addition, we completed a mock qualitative analysis, using the resulting codes as a measure of data equivalence. We note several qualitative differences across mode related to rapport, disclosure, and anonymity. However, we found little evidence to suggest that interview data was impacted by mode for outcomes related to interview experience or data equivalence. The most substantial differences were related logistics where we found substantially lower eligibility and completion rates, and higher time and monetary costs for audio and video modes.
Impact of varying levels of soil salinity on emergence, growth and biochemical attributes of four Moringa oleifera landraces
Authors: Farooq Fatima , Rashid Nabila , Ibrar Danish , Hasnain Zuhair , Ullah Rehmat , Nawaz Muhammad , Irshad Sohail , Basra Shahzad M. A. , Alwahibi Mona S. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Dvorackova Helena , Dvoracek Jan , Khan Shahbaz
Published: February 2022

Salinity in soil and water is one of the environmental factors that severely hinder the crop growth and production particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of salinity levels (1.5 dS m-1, 3.5 dS m-1, 7.5 dS m-1 and 11.5 dS m-1) on emergence, growth and biochemical traits of moringa landraces under completely randomized design having three replications. Four landraces of Moringa oleifera (Faisalabad black seeded moringa [MFB], Patoki black seeded moringa [MPB], Faisalabad white seeded moringa [MFW] and Rahim Yar Khan black seeded moringa [MRB]) were selected for experimentation. All the salinity levels significantly affected the emergence parameters (time to emergence start, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time, emergence index and final emergence percentage) of moringa landraces. However, 1.5 dS m-1 and 3.5 dS m-1 were found more favorable. Higher salinity levels (7.5 dS m-1 and 11.5 dS m-1) significantly minimized the root surface area, root projected area, root volume and root density as compared to 1.5 dS m-1, 3.5 dS m-1. Number of branches, leaves, leaflets and leaf length were also adversely affected by 7.5 dS m-1 and 11.5 dS m-1. Maximum seedling fresh and dry weights, and seedling length were recorded at 1.5 dS m-1 followed by 3.5 dS m-1. Chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoids and membrane stability index were also observed highest at salinity level of 1.5 dS m-1. In case of moringa landraces, MRB performed better regarding emergence attributes, growth parameters, and biochemical analysis followed by MFW as compared to MFB and MPB. Moringa landraces i.e. MRB and MFW were found more tolerant to salinity stress as compared to MFB and MPB.
Efficient power macromodeling approach for heterogeneously stacked 3d ICs using Bio-geography based optimization
Authors: Siddiq Faisal , Durrani Yaseer Arafat
Published: February 2022

Low-power consumption has been always a crucial design constraint for an efficient intellectual property based three-dimensional multi-core system that cannot be ignored easily. As the complexity increases due to the number of cores/stacks/ layers in 3D digital systems, the challenges to handle power can be more difficult at a high abstraction level. Therefore, the low-power approach gives designers an opportunity to estimate and optimize the power consumption in the early stages of design phases. The accurate power estimation through the macro-modeling approach at high-level reduces the risk of redesign cycle and turn-around time. In this research, we have presented an improved statistical macro-modeling approach that estimates power through statistical characteristics of randomly generated input patterns by using Biogeography Based Optimization. These input patterns propagate signals into an IP-based 3D digital test system. In experiments, the test system is based on four 8 to 32- bits heterogeneous cores. The response of the power is monitored by applying the well-known Monte Carlo Simulation technique. The entire power estimation method is performed in two major steps. First, the average power is estimated for an IP-based individual core. Second, the average power for bus-based Through-Silicon-Via is estimated. Finally, the cores and B-TSVs are integrated together to construct a 3D system. Then the average power for complete test systems is estimated. The experimental results of the statistical power macro-model are compared with the commercial Electronic Design Automation power simulator at the operating frequency of 100 MHz. The average percentage error of the test system is calculated as 8.65%. For the validation of these results, the statistical error analysis is additionally performed and reveals that our proposed macro-model is accurate in terms of percentage of error with a feasible amount of time.
Pull-to-center is not just for newsvendors
Authors: Brokesova Zuzana , Deck Cary , Peliova Jana
Published: February 2022

The pull-to-center effect is a systematically observed suboptimal behavior in newsvendor experiments. Various explanations have been forward for this phenomenon, some of which are based on structural properties of the task while others are based upon the inventory context of the problem. To help distinguish between these two types of explanations, we compare behavior in a newsvendor game to behavior in a new, mathematically isomorphic, price gouging game. Our laboratory experiments replicate the standard results for newsvendors and yield the equivalent pattern in the price gouging game. This suggests previously observed newsvendor behavior is driven by structural aspects of the task consistent with models like prospect theory and impulse balance rather than context specific explanations pertaining to inventory management.
Removing the societal and legal impediments to the HIV response: An evidence-based framework for 2025 and beyond
Authors: Stangl Anne L. , Pliakas Triantafyllos , Izazola-Licea Jose Antonio , Ayala George , Beattie Tara S. , Ferguson Laura , Orza Luisa , Mathur Sanyukta , Pulerwitz Julie , Iovita Alexandrina , Bendaud Victoria
Published: February 2022

Societal and legal impediments inhibit quality HIV prevention, care, treatment and support services and need to be removed. The political declaration adopted by UN member countries at the high-level meeting on HIV and AIDS in June 2021, included new societal enabler global targets for achievement by 2025 that will address this gap. Our paper describes how and why UNAIDS arrived at the societal enabler targets adopted. We conducted a scoping review and led a participatory process between January 2019 and June 2020 to develop an evidence-based framework for action, propose global societal enabler targets, and identify indicators for monitoring progress. A re-envisioned framework called the ‘3 S’s of the HIV response: Society, Systems and Services’ was defined. In the framework, societal enablers enhance the effectiveness of HIV programmes by removing impediments to service availability, access and uptake at the societal level, while service and system enablers improve efficiencies in and expand the reach of HIV services and systems. Investments in societal enabling approaches that remove legal barriers, shift harmful social and gender norms, reduce inequalities and improve institutional and community structures are needed to progressively realize four overarching societal enablers, the first three of which fall within the purview of the HIV sector: (i) societies with supportive legal environments and access to justice, (ii) gender equal societies, (iii) societies free from stigma and discrimination, and (iv) co-action across development sectors to reduce exclusion and poverty. Three top-line and 15 detailed targets were recommended for monitoring progress towards their achievement. The clear articulation of societal enablers in the re-envisioned framework should have a substantial impact on improving the effectiveness of core HIV programmes if implemented. Together with the new global targets, the framework will also galvanize advocacy to scale up societal enabling approaches with proven impact on HIV outcomes.
A direct collocation framework for optimal control simulation of pedaling using OpenSim
Authors: Park Sangsoo , Caldwell Graham E. , Umberger Brian R.
Published: February 2022

The direct collocation (DC) method has shown low computational costs in solving optimization problems in human movements, but it has rarely been used for solving optimal control pedaling problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a DC framework for optimal control simulation of human pedaling within the OpenSim modeling environment. A planar bicycle-rider model was developed in OpenSim. The DC method was formulated in MATLAB to solve an optimal control pedaling problem using a data tracking approach. Using the developed DC framework, the optimal control pedaling problem was successfully solved in 24 minutes to ten hours with different objective function weightings and number of nodes from two different initial conditions. The optimal solutions for equal objective function weightings were successful in terms of tracking, with the model simulated pedal angles and pedal forces within ±1 standard deviation of the experimental data. With these weightings, muscle tendon unit (MTU) excitation patterns generally matched with burst timings and shapes observed in the experimental EMG data. Tracking quality and MTU excitation patterns were changed little by selection of node density above 31, and the optimal solution quality was not affected by initial guess used. The proposed DC framework could easily be turned into a predictive simulation with other objective functions such as fastest pedaling rate. This flexible and computationally efficient framework should facilitate the use of optimal control methods to study the biomechanics, energetics, and control of human pedaling.
A revised mechanism for how Plasmodium falciparum recruits and exports proteins into its erythrocytic host cell
Authors: Gabriela Mikha , Matthews Kathryn M. , Boshoven Cas , Kouskousis Betty , Jonsdottir Thorey K. , Bullen Hayley E. , Modak Joyanta , Steer David L. , Sleebs Brad E. , Crabb Brendan S. , Koning-Ward Tania F. de , Gilson Paul R.
Published: February 2022

Plasmodium falciparum exports ~10% of its proteome into its host erythrocyte to modify the host cell’s physiology. The Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) motif contained within the N-terminus of most exported proteins directs the trafficking of those proteins into the erythrocyte. To reach the host cell, the PEXEL motif of exported proteins is processed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident aspartyl protease plasmepsin V. Then, following secretion into the parasite-encasing parasitophorous vacuole, the mature exported protein must be unfolded and translocated across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane by the Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX). PTEX is a protein-conducting channel consisting of the pore-forming protein EXP2, the protein unfoldase HSP101, and structural component PTEX150. The mechanism of how exported proteins are specifically trafficked from the parasite’s ER following PEXEL cleavage to PTEX complexes on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane is currently not understood. Here, we present evidence that EXP2 and PTEX150 form a stable subcomplex that facilitates HSP101 docking. We also demonstrate that HSP101 localises both within the parasitophorous vacuole and within the parasite’s ER throughout the ring and trophozoite stage of the parasite, coinciding with the timeframe of protein export. Interestingly, we found that HSP101 can form specific interactions with model PEXEL proteins in the parasite’s ER, irrespective of their PEXEL processing status. Collectively, our data suggest that HSP101 recognises and chaperones PEXEL proteins from the ER to the parasitophorous vacuole and given HSP101’s specificity for the EXP2-PTEX150 subcomplex, this provides a mechanism for how exported proteins are specifically targeted to PTEX for translocation into the erythrocyte.
Mi hija, mi vida / tu vivras ma fille (2018) de Gabriel Aghion, de la medicina familiar a la biotecnología
Authors: Cevallos-Solórzano Gabriela , Villamagua León Vicente Paúl , Aguirre-Fierro Renata , Jaramillo Suquilanda Jennifer Estefanía , Chicaiza González Kevin Sebastián , Bravo Pinzón Dominique Anahí , Bailon-Moscoso Natalia
Published: February 2022

Un enfoque cinematográfico sobre la realidad que viven las familias de los niños que padecen enfermedades raras, es lo que vemos en la película “Mi hija, mi vida” (Tu Vivras ma fille, 2018) de Gabriel Aghion. La primera hija de un matrimonio feliz nace su hija con el Síndrome de Sanfilippo, una patología de carácter genético poco frecuente donde existe un deterioro de las funcionalidades a partir de los 3 años y para la cual no existe un tratamiento efectivo. Está película, basada en hechos de la vida real, nos muestra el esfuerzo que algunas personas son capaces de hacer con la finalidad de encontrar nuevas opciones de tratamiento con la finalidad de mejorar la vida de los seres que amamos, y en esa búsqueda desarrollan un tratamiento basado en los últimos desarrollos de la biotecnología, la terapia génica, que logra la disminución de síntomas o conductas puntuales, propias de la patología. En este artículo hacemos un enfoque de la investigación para la búsqueda de un tratamiento con las nuevas herramientas biotecnológicas existentes, además del impacto social y afectivo, que sufren las personas y familias afectadas por este tipo de enfermedades.
In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya
Authors: Daiba Ahmota Romain , Kagira John Maina , Ngotho Maina , Kimotho James , Maina Naomi
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. calls for the development of novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source for such drugs. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of encapsulated bromelain (EB) in chitosan nanocarriers on Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats kept by farmers in Kenya.

Materials and Methods: Bromelain was extracted from the peel of ripe pineapples using standard methods. Eimeria spp. oocysts were isolated from the feces of goats using a flotation method. The inhibition of sporulation was assayed after exposing the oocysts to solutions of EB, non-EB (NEB), and diclazuril (positive control) at concentrations between 4 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL for 48 h. The oocysts were examined under a microscope (40x) to determine the effects of the drugs on the sporulation process. The percentage of sporulation inhibition was calculated after 48 h and the inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) was determined by probit analysis.

Results: Bromelain manifested anticoccidial activity through the inhibition of the sporulation of coccidia oocysts. EB achieved inhibition with a lower dose compared with NEB. The IC50 values of diclazuril, EB, and NEB were 0.078 mg/mL, 0.225 mg/mL, and 0.575 mg/mL, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.01) between the IC50 of EB and NEB compared with the standard treatment drug.

Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that EB has anticoccidial activity supporting further evaluation at an in vivo level to develop a novel drug for the management of coccidiosis in goats.
Biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates from Turkey against Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: arctiidae) Larvae under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Karaborklu Salih
Published: February 2022

Hyphantria cunea is one of the most important pest insects causing significant damage in many plant species. The present study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Turkey isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against H. cunea larvae under laboratory and field conditions. B. bassiana isolates YK16, YK23 and YK26, and M. anisopliae isolates YK41 and YK45 were sprayed onto the larvae of H. cunea at the respective doses of 1x105 and 1x106 conidia mL-1 and monitored for seven days. Fungal isolates, bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis and chemical insecticide diflubenzuron were used in field studies. Trials were carried out in five replications. All B. bassiana isolates caused 100% mortality on first instar larvae in laboratory trials. Mortality ratios ranged from 100 to 96% on second instar larvae. M. anisopliae isolates YK45 and YK41 caused 88 and 84%, and 81.33 and 77.11% mortalities for the first and second instar larvae, respectively. The mortality rates fluctuated between 91.78-72.89% for B. bassiana on third instar larvae in laboratory conditions. However, M. anisopliae isolates YK45 and YK41 caused 77.11 and 60.22% mortality on third instar larvae, respectively. In the field trials, B. bassiana YK23 displayed promising insecticidal activity with 80.60% mortality on second instar larvae of H. cunea. Other isolates as well caused mortalities ranging from 60.77 to 49.55%. The results revealed that some isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae have potential to control H. cunea larvae. However, additional detailed studies need to be carried out to increase their effectiveness in field conditions.
HUBUNGAN KELELAHAN MATA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA PENJAHIT SEKTOR USAHA INFORMAL DI DESA X
Authors: Indriyani Siska , Jayanti Siswi , Kurniawan Bina
Published: February 2022

Pekerjaan dengan obyek kerja yang kecil dapat mempengaruhi kelelahan mata. Salah satu pekerjaan dengan obyek kerja yang kecil adalah menjahit. Penjahit akan lebih berpotensi mengalami kelelahan mata di tempat kerja dan dapat berpengaruh terhadap pekerjaannya sehingga menyebabkan produktivitas kerja menurun. Pencahayaan yang tepat dan disesuaikan dengan jenis pekerjaan akan menghasilkan produktivitas kerja yang maksimal sebaliknya pencahayaan yang tidak memadai akan menyebabkan produktivitas kerja menurun. Terdapat beberapa macam faktor kelelahan mata yang dapat menyebabkan menurunnya produktivitas kerja yaitu faktor kelelahan mata, pencahayaan, usia dan lama kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan kelelahan mata dengan produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh penjahit sektor usaha informal di Desa X. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling sejumlah 35 responden. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah kelelahan mata, variabel pengganggu dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, lama kerja, masa kerja, pencahayaan dan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah produktivitas kerja. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukuran lux meter. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Rank Spearman dan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 77,1% memiliki produktivitas kerja tinggi. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara lama kerja dengan produktivitas kerja. Sedangkan untuk kelelahan mata, usia, masa kerja, dan pencahayaan tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan dengan produktivitas kerja. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa produktivitas kerja dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lama kerja.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG DI PT. X TAHUN 2020
Authors: Huda Nikhmatul , Fitri Azizah Musliha , Buntara Arga , Utari Dyah
Published: February 2022

The construction sector is ranked first as the most dangerous occupation in the world and is an area with a high risk of occupational accidents. According to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan data in 2019, cases of work accidents in Indonesia 2017 increased in 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, OHS knowledge, OHS supervision, unsafe act, and unsafe condition for building construction project workers at PT. X. This research was quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used simple random sampling where the sample amounted to 109 workers. The results of the research analysis using the chi-square statistical test showed that the variables of age (p-value = 0,662), OHS knowledge (p-value 0,003), OHS supervision (p-value 0,001), unsafe act (p-value 0,002), unsafe condition (p-value 0,000) with a significance limit of α = 0,05. It can be concluded that there is an associated between OHS knowledge, OHS supervision, unsafe act, and unsafe condition with work accidents and there is no associated between age with work accidents. It is recommended that companies provide education to workers in the form of providing OHS knowledge through the toolbox meeting program and periodically monitoring of conditions in the work field.
Notes on the distribution of an alien weed Hyptis brevipes (Lamiaceae) in India
Authors: Verma Rohit K , Khan Bilal A , Wagh Vijay V , Meena Baleshwar , Behera Soumit K , Tamta Sushma , Chaudhary Lal. B
Published: February 2022

Hyptis brevipes Poit. is a native weed species of South and Central America and has been introduced and naturalized in many parts of SE Asia. It was reported from India for the first time in 1940 from Andaman and Nicobar Islands and then in 2012 from Darjeeling Himalaya. In the present study the authors have noticed the occurrence of the species in the wild in the Dima Hasao district of Assam and the Dampa Tiger Reserve of Mizoram. The study reveals that the species has naturalized in India in some parts of the Northeast region in cultivated lands along roadsides. The detailed taxonomic account of the species along with its distribution, phenology, uses and photographs is provided to confirm its identity and to take stock on its control from its further spread to some other regions, because due to the invasive nature it may affect the growth of crop plants.
Centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on product manifolds
Authors: Zhao Shiliang
Published: February 2022

Let X be the direct product of Xi
where Xi
is smooth manifold for 1 ≤ i ≤ k. As is known, if every Xi
satisfies the doubling volume condition, then the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function M on X is weak (1,1) bounded. In this paper, we consider the product manifold X where at least one Xi
does not satisfy the doubling volume condition. To be precise, we first investigate the mapping properties of M when X
1 has exponential volume growth and X
2 satisfies the doubling condition. Next, we consider the product space of two weighted hyperbolic spaces X
1 = (ℍ
n+1, d, yα

−n−1
dydx) and X
2 = (ℍ
n+1, d, yβ

−n−1
dydx) which both have exponential volume growth. The mapping properties of M are discussed for every

α
,
β
≠

n
2

\alpha,\beta \ne {n \over 2}

. Furthermore, let X = X
1 × X
2 × … Xk
where Xi
= (ℍ
ni

+1, yαi

−

ni

−1
dydx) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k. Under the condition

α
i

>

n
i

2

{\alpha_i} > {{{n_i}} \over 2}

, we also obtained the mapping properties of M.
How quarry waste limestone filler affects the rheological behavior of cement-based materials
Authors: Safiddine Salim , Amokrane Kamel , Debieb Farid , Soualhi Hamza , Benabed Benchaa , Kadri El-Hadj
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this work is to highlight experimentally the effect of quarry waste limestone fillers (LF) on the rheological properties of concrete. All mixtures were made with water-to-cement ratio (W/C) of 0.50. The method adopted based on the rheological behavior of concrete incorporating LF as a partial substitute for sand in multi-scale systems (concrete, mortar, grout and LF suspension). The replacement ratio of sand by LF ranged from 0% to 20% (by weight of sand) in concrete and mortar. Whereas, the addition of LF varied from 0% to 60% (by weight of cement) in cement grout. The rheological behavior of concrete and mortar was modeled by the Bingham model with sufficient precision. However, the cement grout shows a nonlinear behavior, which was modeled by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicate that the use of LF has a significant effect on the superplasticizer (Sp) demand of concrete and mortar, for a given slump on one hand. On the other hand, an increase in yield stress, apparent viscosity and flow time of cement grout was obtained when LF is incorporated, which results in a loss of fluidity of the suspensions of LF.
Comparing results of real-scale time MHD modeling with observational data for first flare M 1.9 in AR 10365
Authors: Borisenko Alexey Vasilevich , Podgorny Igor Maksimovich , Podgorny Alexander Igorevich
Published: February 2022

As shown in the first results of MHD simulations in the real scale of time, above the active region (AR) 10365, during the first flare M 1.9 (05/26/2003 05:34) at a height of 16–18 mm (lower corona), a singular line of magnetic field appears. The local maximum of the current density is situated on this singular line. The magnetic field in the vicinity of this singular line is the superposition of an X-type magnetic configuration and a divergent magnetic field. The accumulation of magnetic energy for solar flare with current sheet creation takes place near this singular line due to magnetic field deformation by disturbances in the X-type configuration in spite of the presence of overlaid diverging magnetic configuration. The magnetic configuration is so complicated that the singular line can be found only by using specially developed graphical system of search. The position of singular line coincides with position of source of flare radio emission at the frequency 17 GHz above AR 10365 measured by Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH). Also, MHD simulation shows appearance of the singular line, in the vicinity of which X-type configuration dominates. However, apparently due to small disturbance, propagating from the photosphere, sufficient magnetic energy was not accumulated in this configuration, so the NoRH does not show the flare source of emission at the frequency 17 GHz in the place, where this singular line is situated.
Lot-to-lot reagent verification: challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Sandberg Sverre , Horvath Andrea Rita
Published: February 2022

Lot-to-lot verification is an important laboratory activity that is performed to monitor the consistency of analytical performance over time. In this opinion paper, the concept, clinical impact, challenges and potential solutions for lot-to-lot verification are exained.
China English and College Intercultural Education: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Yan Ming
Published: February 2022

In the era of globalization, English as an international language (EIL) is also the medium of intercultural communication for the international community. Based on the theory of cultural linguistics (CL), which regards language as culture-oriented rather than structure-oriented, Sharifian (2009, p. 4) has proposed that varieties of English which constitute EIL result from the interaction between the English language and different local cultures. CL suggests that China English (CE) should be understood in this light: It is not a substandard interlanguage, but a variety of English with its own cultural value and right. This paper intends to systemically analyze the nature of CE and its value in intercultural communication so as to better understand current intercultural education. Over a long time, much emphasis has been laid on the importance of adapting to the target language culture to the neglect of home language culture in our College English classrooms, thus resulting in what is known as Chinese cultural aphasia. In the light of CL, intercultural communication competence (ICC) encompasses not only knowing English and adapting to its culture, but also using CE to introduce the native culture in which CE plays an irreplaceable role. Therefore, CE is undoubtedly a key remedy for Chinese cultural aphasia. More research on CL should be conducted as it provides felicitous disciplinary guidance for our college intercultural education.
The “Wrong Love” Between the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding: An Interview With Prof. James P. Lantolf
Authors: Qin Lili
Published: February 2022

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) and the scaffolding theory are very different, both in terms of their theoretical origins and connotations, and can even be said to be very different. However, during the development of the two concepts, some scholars have misunderstood them, resulting in the two being mistaken for similar concepts and therefore often confused. Professor James Lantolf from Pennsylvania State University (State College, USA) was interviewed by Professor Lili Qin from Dalian University of Foreign Studies (Dalian, China) and provides an in-depth analysis of these issues. The interview begins with the theoretical roots, connotations and definitions of the ZPD and scaffolding concepts, and then unravels the story of how they have been “mistakenly loved for life”, and ultimately it is made clear that the two concepts are completely different in their practical application to language teaching and should not continue to be used interchangeably.
Transcendental operators acting on slice regular functions
Authors: de Fabritiis Chiara
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to carry out an analysis of five trascendental operators acting on the space of slice regular functions, namely *-exponential, *-sine and *-cosine and their hyperbolic analogues. The first three of them were introduced by Colombo, Sabadini and Struppa and some features of *-exponential were investigated in a previous paper by Altavilla and the author. We show how exp*(f ), sin*(f ), cos*(f ), sinh*(f ) and cosh*(f ) can be written in terms of the real and the vector part of the function f and we examine the relation between cos* and cosh* when the domain Ω is product and when it is slice. In particular we prove that when Ω is slice, then cos*(f ) = cosh*(f * I) holds if and only if f is ℂ
I
preserving, while in the case Ω is product there is a much larger family of slice regular functions for which the above relation holds.
Factors affecting cyclic lifetime of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings with various bond coats
Authors: Schulz U. , Lau H. , Rätzer-Scheibe U. , Kaysser W. A.
Published: February 2022

Standard EB-PVD (electron beam physical vapor deposition) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of partially yttria-stabilized zirconia were applied on Ni-base substrate alloys and thermally cycled with T
max = 1100 °C. Two different bond coats were investigated: NiCoCrAlY and NiPtAl. The longest lifetimes have been achieved on the Hf-containing Rene142 substrate. A rough interface between TGO (thermally grown oxide) and bond coat with hafnia pegs is characteristic for these alloys. A bond coat heat treatment in Ar–H significantly improved the lifetime of the TBC system with IN100 + PtAl bond coats, whereas reduced lifetimes were found on IN100 + NiCoCrAlY. Spallation of the TBCs was correlated to TGO thickness and microstructure. The TGO growth is faster for NiCoCrAlY than for NiPtAl bond coats, while TBC lifetime is longer for the NiCoCrAlY systems. Tests with reduced cycle length yielded an increased number of cycles to failure for IN100+NiCoCrAlY, but left the time to failure at temperature unchanged. TBC thickness had only a limited influence on cyclic lifetime.
Mean stress sensitivity of sintered iron and steel
Authors: Namazov S. N. , Abdalla G. , Dalgic M. , Gudenau H. W. , Beiss P.
Published: February 2022

There is a well-based correlation between the pulsating amplitude σ
A(R = 0) and the alternating amplitude σ
A(R = – 1) in fatigue testing of sintered iron and steel which permits to predict the mean stress sensitivity and the pulsating amplitude if the alternating endurance limit σ
A(R = – 1) has been measured. Without loss of precision the relationship can be extended from smooth unnotched specimen geometries to notched geometries if only the stress concentration factor is known. The coefficients of the predictive equation depend on the brittleness of the material, a systematic approach to take the brittleness into account is still missing. In Haigh diagrams, the slope of the σ
A–σ
m diagram with tensile mean stresses can be linearly extrapolated also into the compressive mean stress range σ
m < 0.