bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Networking: Fundamentals, Models, and Security Considerations
Authors: Renu Narwal  , Nitish Panwar  , Pankaj Yadav
Published: April 2024

Computer networking is an emerging and fascinating field of study. A computer network allows communication and exchange of information between two or more independent computers and other devices. Computer networking is based on the related discipline of electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Nodes and Links constitute the basic building blocks of the computer network. An equipment for data communication or equipment of data terminal that connects two or more computers such as modem, router etc. can be exemplified as a network node. Links include wires, cables or free spaces of wireless networks. Working of computer networks relies on a set of defined rules or protocols. The network structure can be composed of various patterns known as network topology. Various networking models are developed that relies on various networking layers made of different protocols. In modern times, the importance of computer networks is remarkable in almost every areas including education, entertainment, business, military, healthcare, insurance, transportation and others. With so much reliance on computer networking, it becomes important to ensure a safe and secure networking system and thus network security system was developed such includes firewall, VPNs, IDS and IPS, etc
Tool Coating Development: A Historical Overview
Authors: Yogesh Dileep Lande
Published: April 2024

The development of tool coatings over time is evidence of human inventiveness and the ongoing effort to enhance machining techniques. Tool performance, tool life, and machining operation optimization have been the driving forces behind the development of tool coatings from the dawn of civilization to the present day of advanced materials research. The development of tool coatings from antiquity to the present is covered in detail in this research paper's extensive history. An analysis is conducted of significant turning points, discoveries, and technical developments in the tool coatings sector, emphasizing the revolutionary influence these developments have had on a range of industries
Terrorismo y limitaciones del derecho internacional humanitario
Authors: Muñoz Marín Erasmo Elías
Published: April 2024

Desde finales del siglo XVIII y mediados del siglo XIX, se desarrollaron instrumentos de derecho internacional que tenían como objetivo hacer que la guerra fuese menos cruel o aunque suene contraproducente humanizar la guerra, con la firma de la carta de  San Francisco, y el nacimiento de Naciones Unidas entre sus principales aportes está la proscripción de la guerra, pero aún frente a esto, el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR), elaboro las  4 convenciones de Ginebra de 1949 que posteriormente el 1977 se les anexan sus protocolos adicionales.  Prohibir la guerra no iba a detener la ambición de los Estados, y entendiendo esto se crea todo un marco regulatorio que tiene como fin el cumplimiento de ciertas reglas en medio de los conflictos. Pero el concepto clásico, alcanzado por las convenciones de ginebra y desarrollado por siglos sobre quien es un combatiente y quienes son beligerantes en medio de un conflicto, ha venido cambiando a lo largo del siglo XIX, ejemplos claros como el grupo Vasco ETA en España, agrupación terrorista que provoco grandes daños, como el Ejército Republicano Irlandés IRA, que se enfrentó a la corona británica en búsqueda de su independencia, mediante el uso de acciones no convencionales, o los Tupamaro en el Uruguay, quienes de igual forma efectuaron actos considerados terroristas en contra del poder instituido. Pero no es hasta los atentado del Word Trade Center el 11 de septiembre de 2001, que surge un nuevo paradigma en virtud de los atentados reconocidos por el grupo terrorista Al Qeda, comandado por Osama Bin Laden, lo que introdujo a la escena mundial un nuevo actor, que utilizaba acciones no convencionales y donde el objetivo ya no solo eran infraestructuras estatales sino provocar el mayor terror posible, al punto de cambiar nuestra forma de vivir, introducir una serie de regulaciones, y dar inicio a la guerra contra un enemigo invisible, la guerra contra el terrorismo.
rol del agente residente. Una mirada hacia su metamorfosis.
Authors: Jiménez Muñoz Cesibel Del Carmen
Published: April 2024

En diversas ocasiones, ha sido cuestionada la severidad del ordenamiento jurídico panameño. Sin embargo, tales críticas resuenan con voz estridente cuando albergan temas fiscales, sociedades anónimas, transparencia y cooperación internacional en el intercambio de información, por ejemplo. Tales cuestionamientos son determinantes para que organismos como el Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI), valore nuestro desempeño y proponga recomendaciones.
De ello hemos tenido consecuencias que afectan nuestra reputación y el desarrollo del sector económico y financiero; lo que conlleva a que tengamos que realizar ajustes que hacen más robusta la legislación en torno a determinadas actividades, entre la que se encuentra, como era de esperar, la del agente residente como una cara visible en lo que a sociedades anónimas se refiere.
Es nuestro objetivo ofrecer un breve recuento de la construcción de esta figura, partiendo de la Ley 32 de 26 de febrero de 1927, sobre sociedades anónimas hasta la Ley 254 de 11  de noviembre de 2021 con importantes adecuaciones en materia de transparencia fiscal internacional y de prevención de blanqueo de capitales, el financiamiento del terrorismo y el financiamiento de la proliferación de armas de destrucción masiva.
Proceso de Sucesión Agraria y su comparación con la Sucesión Civil
Authors: Muñoz Almanza Ibeth Vanesa
Published: April 2024

La figura de la sucesión en el derecho privado es ampliamente conocida por los juristas. Por otro lado, la sucesión agraria, que se contempla por primera vez en la Ley 55 de 2011, mejor conocida como el Código Agrario, es una institución de carácter novedoso. En la práctica, esta figura es en gran medida desconocida. Esto ha llevado gradualmente a que la jurisdicción civil se quede rezagada y congestionada, ya que debe asumir la competencia en aquellos lugares donde no existen tribunales especializados.
Ahora bien, dado que en materia agraria se aplican principios y normas específicas, este trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer y destacar que el propósito de las normas jurídicas en lo que respecta a la sucesión agraria es evitar el fraccionamiento de la propiedad no porque sea imposible, sino porque su finalidad es la conservación, protección y continuidad de la actividad agraria para su desarrollo sostenible.
factura electrónica en Panamá
Authors: Díaz Branca Gavid J.
Published: April 2024

Indudablemente, la facturación electrónica llegó para quedarse y dentro de muy poco tiempo será un sistema que toda persona natural o jurídica deberá implementar para sustentar sus transacciones de comercialización de bienes o prestación de servicios.
El eje temático de este artículo es la factura electrónica en nuestro país desde una perspectiva jurídica en el derecho panameño, con el propósito de examinar su evolución histórica en la región,  el proceso empleado para solicitar este tipo de facturación, determinar las figuras que en ella convergen, su regulación  y sus particularidades.
Segundas oportunidades
Authors: Outten Barría Reina E.
Published: April 2024

Las adopciones de personas mayores de edad no contaban con mayores rigores que las limitantes de ley para que procediera la declaratoria de filiación por adopción. Posteriormente, se crea la Ley 61 de 12 de agosto de 2008, denominada como Ley General de Adopciones de la República de Panamá, limitando el término de las adopciones de adultos a un mínimo de dos (2) años, posterior al cumplimiento de la mayoría de edad del adoptivo. Luego, se reforma la ley quedando subrogada, en algunos artículos, por la Ley 46 de 17 de julio de 2013, la cual en su artículo 128, numeral 4, dispuso el término fatal de dos (2) años para solicitar la adopción de adulto. Actualmente, mediante fallo del 07 de julio de 2023, el Pleno de la Corte Suprema de Justicia declaró que es inconstitucional el numeral 4 del artículo 128 de la Ley General de Adopciones.
importancia al Arbitraje Ambiental en las relaciones entre los Estado en el Derecho Internacional.
Authors: Alverola Delgado María Mercedes
Published: April 2024

El Derecho Internacional Público como disciplina, busca la regulación de las relaciones entre los Estados, basándose, en distintos principios como lo es, el de soberanía. Para ello, se han suscrito diferentes instrumentos internacionales, siendo uno de los principales el Convenio de Viena sobre el Derecho de Los Tratados. Por lo que, en materia ambiental, no es la excepción, naciendo a la vida jurídica el Convenio sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestre (CITES), el cual es vinculante para los países que forman parte; y que, ante el incumplimiento, el conflicto que de ello surja se dirimirá ante la Corte Permanente de Arbitraje.
procedimientos previos de los contratos de mayor cuantía en Panamá y los medios de defensa en la via gubernativa
Authors: Palacios Selles Abner Alberto
Published: April 2024

Licitación pública, aplicable para la generalidad de los contratos administrativos, con cuantías mayores a B/50,000,00 y la adjudicación se hace al postor que ofrece el menor precio. Por mejor valor, viable cuando la cuantía supera B/500,00.00, existe complejidad en el objeto contractual y se adjudica al mayor ponderado. Convenio marco, utilizado para bienes o servicios de uso pasivo para el sector público.
Subasta en reserva, aplicable para obtener mejor precio para el estado, mediante el mecanismo de puja y repuja. Subasta pública, por el mismo procedimiento, para obtener el mayor precio en ventas o arrendamiento de bienes públicos. Acción de reclamo, ante la dirección general de contrataciones públicas, contra los actos previos a la adjudicación, deserción o cancelación.
Los recursos de impugnación y apelación, ante el tribunal administrativo de contrataciones públicas, contra la adjudicación, deserción o rechazo de propuestas y contra la resolución por incumplimiento, que sanciona un servidor público o un contratista, respectivamente.
Plan de seguridad alimentaria en una empresa productora y comercializadora de dulces artesanales
Authors: Burgos Briones Gabriel , Montes Giler Jésica , Pinargote Vélez Erika , Cedeño Palacios Carlos
Published: April 2024

El término seguridad alimentaria en los últimos años se lo ligado mucho a la salud y a enfermedades como la obesidad y el sobrepeso causadas en alrededor de 600 millones de personas en todo el mundo, razón por lo que la presente investigación se propuso como objetivo general la elaboración un plan de seguridad alimentaria en una empresa productora y comercializadora de dulces artesanales en el cantón Rocafuerte de la provincia de Manabí. En la parte metodológica el enfoque fue de tipo cualitativo, basándose en un diseño transversal de recopilación de información y análisis de observación visual, el método aplicado fue un estudio de campo a través de listas de chequeo, observaciones y entrevistas realizadas al administrador y personal de la empresa objeto de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos del presente estudio mostraron que existe un cumplimiento de 79%, dejando establecido que hay que fomentar la mejora continua en aspectos como el almacenamiento de la materia prima y el comportamiento del personal. Como conclusión de esta investigación y con la finalidad de mejorar el aspecto de seguridad alimentaria se propuso diseñar un plan de medidas preventivas y de riesgos en el proceso de la elaboración de los dulces que consista en una correcta recepción de la materia prima, almacenamiento, pesado, amasado, fermentación, horneado, empacado, transporte y distribución.
Desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica en los niños de educación inicial
Authors: Hernández Jara Peggy Verónica , Andaluz Zúñiga Juana Victoria , Miranda Mora Irina Stefania
Published: April 2024

Basado en el creciente interés e importancia en la academia y la educación de la adquisición temprana de habilidades lingüísticas en el contexto de la educación inicial. Como componente clave del proceso de alfabetización, debido a su influencia en el aprendizaje posterior de la lectura y la escritura. Dado este vínculo y la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de cómo se desarrolla la conciencia fonológica en las primeras etapas de la educación, la comunidad científica está cada vez más interesada en explorar esta área de investigación. El presente estudio tiene como objetivos los siguientes: Analizar el nivel inicial de conciencia fonológica en niños de educación inicial, Examinar el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica en niños de educación inicial, específicamente en edad preescolar e Identificar estrategias educativas efectivas para promover el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica. Realizamos un estudio longitudinal de 15 docentes utilizando pruebas estandarizadas y también se llevó a cabo una ficha de observación en el aula para evaluar el progreso en la conciencia fonológica a lo largo de un año escolar de los niños de educación inicial. El resultado obtenido, referente a que las estrategias lectoescrituras sean utilizadas para fomentar la conciencia fonológica en el aula, indican que un 20% están totalmente de acuerdo, y un 20% prefieren no opinar, y por último un 40% dicen estar de acuerdo. Se concluye que la conciencia fonológica en los niños pequeños es importante desarrollarlo, ya que proporciona una base sólida para el proceso de lectura y escritura y el posterior aprendizaje.
carga de la prueba en el proceso penal panameño
Authors: Peñalba R. Luis G.
Published: April 2024

El nuevo Proceso Penal de Panamá tiene una serie de garantías, principios y reglas donde figura la validez de la prueba, ya que no es solo recolectar y almacenar es también cumplir con todos los protocolos que se establecen en las normas constitucionales para que esta tenga validez. Para esta investigación cumple con el objetivo de analizar la importancia que tiene la carga de prueba en el nuevo Sistema Penal Acusatorio. La carga de la prueba, en ella se expone así la definición de lo que es en sí la prueba, se desglosan los tipos de pruebas que más se utilizan, cómo ha evolucionado la prueba y lo que significa la presunción de inocencia en base a la carga de prueba. Otro punto expone los aspectos como lo que es la carga de la prueba, las prácticas de las pruebas lo que es la libertad probatoria, la licitud y pertinencia de la prueba, valoración de la prueba, también los principios del Sistema Penal Acusatorio y su relación directa con la prueba. Se trata de una investigación documental, ya que se basa en el análisis de datos mediante fuentes bibliográficas. De ello se concluye que el Sistema Penal Acusatorio se caracteriza por ser garante de los derechos constitucionales y humanos, donde el imputado entra en el sistema con su estado de inocencia intacto, la prueba por ende tiene gran relevancia en este sistema, ya que es esta la que ayudara a probar la culpabilidad o inocencia del imputado
Bigfoot to Mothman
Authors: DeMello Margo
Published: April 2024

This one-volume encyclopedia introduces readers to the world's cryptids—those hidden or secret animals believed to exist at the margins of human society—including Bigfoot, Yeti, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mothman.

This one-volume encyclopedia introduces readers to the world's cryptids—those hidden or secret animals believed to exist at the margins of human society—including Bigfoot, Yeti, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mothman.

Comprehensive in its scope, this book is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to know more about well-known creatures of myth and legend, such as the Chupacabra and the Jersey Devil, and discover lesser-known animals, such as the Bunyip of Australia and the Mamlambo of South Africa. Rather than purport to prove or deny the existence of these creatures, however, this volume classifies them within their respective cultural, historical, and social contexts, allowing readers to appreciate cryptids as cultural artifacts important to societies around the globe. Finally, this book goes beyond the study of the unknown to investigate who believes in cryptids, why they do, and why the study of cryptozoology is as much about understanding cryptids as it is about understanding ourselves.
Modern Nigeria
Authors: Asakitikpi Alex Egodotaye , Asakitikpi Aretha Oluwakemi
Published: April 2024

Discover Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, in this thematic encyclopedia that covers everything from geography and economics to etiquette and pop culture.

Part of Bloomsbury’s Understanding Modern Nations series, this volume takes readers on a tour of contemporary Nigeria, helping them better understand the country and the many cultures, religions, and ethnicities that call it home.

Chapters are organized thematically, examining a variety of topics, including geography, history, government, economics, religion, ethnic and social groups, gender, education, language, etiquette, food, literature and the arts, and pop culture. Each chapter begins with an overview essay, followed by a selection of encyclopedic entries that provide a more nuanced look at that facet of modern Nigeria. The main text is supplemented with sidebars that highlight additional high-interest topics. A collection of appendices rounds out the volume, offering short vignettes of daily life in the country, a glossary of key terms, statistical data, and a list of state holidays.

Once a pawn of British colonialism, today Nigeria is a sovereign nation and key player on the world stage. Its vast oil resources have made it an international powerhouse and the wealthiest country on the African continent, yet political unrest and corruption, and ethnic and religious violence continue to threaten this prosperity. Nigeria is equally rich culturally, a nation where time-honored traditions mix with contemporary influences. Explore the diversity of modern Nigeria in this concise and accessible volume.
Encyclopedia of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders
Authors: Kelly Evelyn B.
Published: April 2024

Written for students and general readers, this comprehensive encyclopedia provides entries on the history, theories, symptoms, tests, treatments, and current and future research for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—and the arguments relative to its diagnosis and treatment—have been prominent in health news for the last twenty years. In 2005, more than 100 physicians signed documentation in the medical community validating ADHD as a mental disorder. The Encyclopedia of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders traces the disorder's history in detail for students and adults, identifying the people, places, tests, symptoms, treatments, and current and future avenues of research for this disease.

Striking young children and with a ratio of 2:1 males to females, the symptoms of ADHD can persist well into adulthood, making education and a career difficult for patients. Whether researching the disease for personal or educational purposes, readers will find this encyclopedia provides a complete foundation in everything related to ADHD.
Encyclopedia of Film Noir
Authors: Mayer Geoff , McDonnell Brian
Published: April 2024

When viewers think of film noir, they often picture actors like Humphrey Bogart playing characters like Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon, the film based on the book by Dashiell Hammett. Yet film noir is a genre much richer. The authors first examine the debate surrounding the parameters of the genre and the many different ways it is defined. They discuss the Noir City, its setting and backdrop, and also the cultural (WWII) and institutional (the House UnAmerican Activities Committee, and the Production Code Administration) influences on the subgenres. An analysis of the low budget and series film noirs provides information on those cult classics. With over 200 entries on films, directors, and actors, the Encyclopedia of Film Noir is the most complete resource for film fans, students, and scholars.
The Great Depression and the New Deal
Authors: Olson James S. , Gumpert Mariah
Published: April 2024

Intended for AP-focused American history high school students, this book supplies a complete quick reference source and study aide on the Great Depression and New Deal in America, covering the key themes, events, people, legislation, economics, and policies.

The Great Depression and the New Deal remain key topics in American History that come up often as testing subject material. This book—comprising an introduction, encyclopedic A–Z entries, a chronology, thematic tagging, more than a dozen primary sources, Advanced Placement (AP) exam resources, and a bibliography—provides a complete resource for studying the themes, events, people, legislation, economics, and policy of the Great Depression and New Deal in America. It is ideally suited as a study resource for high school students studying to take the AP U.S. history course as well as undergraduates taking an introductory U.S. History survey course.

The Great Depression and the New Deal: Key Themes and Documents supplies an easy-to-use guide to the central concepts, themes, and events of a pivotal era in American history that presents the Great Depression and New Deal in 10 thematic categories. While the focus of this book is on the AP course content itself rather than on the exam, it also features exam preparation-specific content, such as a sample documents-based essay question, a list of "Top Tips" for answering documents-based essay questions, and period-specific learning objectives that are in alignment with the new fall 2014 AP U.S. History curriculum framework.
Assessment of hematologic indices for diagnosis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Özomay Baykal Gülcan , Oğultekin Vazgeçer Ebru , Sözeri Betül
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The aim was to present effective approaches utilizing novel hematological parameters for early diagnosis of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE).

Material and methods

Our study at Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital involved a jSLE patient cohort from 2016 to 2022 and matched healthy controls aligning with sex and age. We use the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) for disease activity. Our approach was to analyze leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, along with ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and monocyte-to-platelet ratio (MPR). We also explored novel indices: the systemic inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) to identify relationships between systemic indices and jSLE activity.

Results

Upon comparative analysis with the healthy control group, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of the hematological parameters NLR, SII, and SIRI (p-values: 0.010, 0.048, 0.025, respectively). Among SLE patients, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet distribution width (PDW) values were notably higher, while hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and procalcitonin (PCT) values were significantly lower. In comparison, C-reactive protein (CRP) and sedimentation values were markedly elevated in the SLE group in contrast to the healthy control cohort. Patients with significantly elevated disease activity had notably higher values of NLR (p = 0.010) and SII (p = 0.048). Among patients with positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), elevated levels of NLR, SII, and SIRI were noted (p-values: 0.018, 0.021, 0.035).

Conclusions

In this study, the novel hematological markers SII, SIRI, and AISI were found to effectively reflect inflammation in SLE patients, exhibit associations with high disease activity, and demonstrate heightened sensitivity in detecting cases with high disease activity.
António Botto e a crítica literária: tensão, exclusão e revalorização da escrita homoerótica em Portugal
Authors: Neto Oscar José de Paula
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta as relações da crítica literária com o poeta António Botto (1898-1959), um dos mais debatidos poetas modernistas portugueses das décadas de 1920 e 1930. Todavia, com os anos, sua poesia foi sendo excluída continuamente do cânone literário em formação, sobretudo por causa da temática homoerótica e das diversas tensões e questionamentos que rondavam a validade de sua escrita poética. Assim, empreendemos um breve panorama sobre as principais leituras críticas da poesia bottiana do passado e do presente, quando Botto passa por alguns processos de reavaliação crítica, principalmente de sua primazia em retratar o homoerotismo na literatura portuguesa.
An investigation into the occupational risk factors, and prevalence of communicable diseases amongst health care risk waste handlers at a treatment plant at eThekwini district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors:   , Myeni Siphephile Innocentia
Published: April 2024

The well-being of health care risk waste handlers in treatment plants is a concern. As health care risk waste increases, reported cases of communicable diseases also increase. Various studies have shown that health care risk waste potentially impairs health because of the infectious agents, leading to skin irritation, blood infections, and respiratory problems. Treatment plants play a huge role in decreasing waste capacities. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of communicable disease and the occupational risk factors amongst health care risk waste handlers in a treatment plant at EThekwini District in KwaZulu-Natal. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to a purposively selected stratified sample of 67 drivers, 85 driver assistants, and 15 machine operators. The sample populous was found to be aware of the dangers inherent in their occupation. Furthermore, a large proportion of the sample population indicated that they had suffered from a cough since the commencement of their occupational duties. However, needle prick and contact with waste medical fluids were two of the most experienced incidences by the sample population. Protective personal equipment (PPE) based studies, with a focus on capturing the use of gloves to get a clearer picture and to help provide standards for regulators to implement, are recommended.
Experiences of non-critical care trained professional nurses deployed to work in the intensive care units during the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors:   , Sivnarain Rena
Published: April 2024

Background South Africa has been greatly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic causing a crippling effect on the country’s healthcare system as it was not adequately prepared in terms of staffing, equipment and disaster planning. Due to the nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent mitigation plans, nonspecialist nurses were deployed to the intensive care units (ICUs) to assist with patient care, control sophisticated therapeutic assist devices and assume multiple roles that were beyond their scope of practice. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of non-critical care trained nurses, deployed to work in the ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic, at a private hospital in the KwaZulu-Natal region. Methodology A qualitative, descriptive design guided the study. Fifteen non-critical care trained nurses were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis framework. Findings The experiences of non-critical care trained nurses deployed to work in the ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic yielded four main themes, namely, deployed nurses working in an unfamiliar environment; nurses lack of ICU experience, skills and knowledge; the lack of supervision, mentorship and leadership for the deployed nurses and the psychosocial impact of the deployment of nurses to the ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Nurses deployed to work during the COVID-19 pandemic endured overwhelming responsibilities while they provided care to the critically ill and infected patients in the ICU. These roles were executed without proper intensive care training, qualification, skills and leadership. Thus, there is a dire need for disaster management training for all staff, especially nurses in the healthcare setting. Supervision, peer-mentorship and support systems such as counselling should be readily available during disaster management.
An investigation into the occupational risk factors, and prevalence of communicable diseases amongst health care risk waste handlers at a treatment plant in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors:   , Myeni Siphephile Innocentia
Published: April 2024

The well-being of health care risk waste handlers in treatment plants are a concern. As health care risk waste increases, reported cases of communicable diseases also increase. Various studies have shown that health care risk waste potentially impairs health because of the infectious agents, leading to skin irritation, blood infections, and respiratory problems. Treatment plants play a huge role in decreasing waste capacities. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of communicable disease and the occupational risk factors amongst health care risk waste handlers in a treatment plant at eThekwini District in KwaZulu-Natal. A self -administered questionnaire was disseminated to a stratified sample of 67 drivers, 85 driver assistants, and 15 machine operators. The sample populous was found to be aware of the dangers inherent in their occupation. Furthermore, a large proportion of the sample population indicated that they had suffered from a cough since the commencement of their occupational duties. However, needle prick injuries and contact with waste medical fluids were two of the most experienced incidences by the sample population. Protective personal equipment (PPE) based studies, with a focus on capturing the use of gloves to get a clearer picture and to help provide standards for regulators to implement, are recommended.
TRAJETÓRIA DE ELIS REGINA NA MÚSICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Serschon Marcia Vorpagel , Cruz Michel Alves da
Published: April 2024

Elis Regina had a very short and very productive career, being considered today, more than 35 years after her death, one of the greatest Brazilian singers. He lived in a troubled time for artists, of military dictatorship, in which it was very difficult to position himself and to continue his work, in an impartial way. Owner of a strong personality, she was remarkable as a defender of the artistic class and women's rights. His trajectory in Brazilian music is the object of this article that addresses both his technical and scenic development and his maturity from the point of view of behavior and relationship with the media and politics.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE SUBMETIDO AO TRATAMENTO COM RADIOTERAPIA
Authors: Tavares Andrea da Silva Reis , Cruz Michel Alves da
Published: April 2024

Thyroid cancer is the most common neoplasm of head and neck tumors in the world, and affects three times more women than men, being the fifth most common tumor in women in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. Iodotherapy has been used for more than 50 years successfully, and has an indication of a complementary character to other treatments, in general it appears associated with surgical treatment or in the treatment of metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the main nursing care for patients undergoing treatment with radioiodine therapy. Material and method: A descriptive, exploratory study, data were collected through a bibliographic survey at the Virtual Health Library (VHL) with the following selection criteria: articles published in the Portuguese language (Brazil), from January / 2000 to December / 2019. Results and discussions: The search allowed the capture of 10 articles that comprised the sample of this study. Among the main care provided by the nursing team, health education stands out; therapeutic communication and psycho-emotional support; technical procedures and care with a therapeutic room. Conclusions: Nursing is present, playing an important role in the therapy of patients undergoing radioiodine therapy and should always manage and provide care based on scientific technical support, contributing to the success of the treatment.
Research on a Respect for Life Program to Improve the Emotions of Youth in Rural Areas
Authors:   Korea Youth Counselling Association, Yun Hye Hyang , Lee Eun-young , lee mi na
Published: April 2024

This study is a study on a respect for life program to improve the emotions of youth inrural areas. Adolescence is a period greatly influenced by the social and culturalenvironment. In particular, growth progresses rapidly both physically and mentally, anddevelopmental and environmental stress is experienced in the process of findingself-identity. Crisis management also deals with emotional confusion and frustration. Thereis a shortage. This study was conducted using a self-administered Google questionnairetargeting rural youth in Region D. The survey period is from September 1 to October 30,2023, and a survey was conducted after the respect for life program. The survey toolswere emotional regulation, self-esteem, and stress. As a result of the study, adolescentswere emotionally unstable and showed characteristics such as falling into depression orshowing strong rebelliousness or aggression even to the slightest stimulus. Awareness ofrespect for life is a very important issue during adolescence. In particular, critical riskfactors for suicide include stress, depression, and low self-esteem, and positive protectivefactors include improved self-esteem and positive emotions. This study aimed to giveyouth positive awareness of the value of respect for life and the importance of respect forlife through respect for life education. In addition, this study analyzes the current situationof youth and suggests the effectiveness of respect for life for improving the quality of lifeof youth in rural areas as well as their emotions.
Relationship between Attachment Anxiety and Emotional Dysregulation in College Students: Mediating effect of Mentalization and Resilience
Authors:   Korea Youth Counselling Association, Ko Mi Na , Kim Bo seong
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to examine the effects of mentalization and resilience as psychologicalcharacteristics that mediate attachment anxiety and emotional dysregulation. For thispurpose, correlation analysis of each variable, hierarchical regression analysis to verifythe mediating effect, and bootstrapping technique to verify the statistical significance ofthe mediating effect were utilized. As a result, a significant correlation was found betweenall variables. In addition, while mentalization significantly mediated the relationship betweenattachment anxiety and emotional dysregulation, resilience was found to mediatesignificantly only when it was input together with mentalization. In terms of emotionaldifficulties, this suggests that mentalization and resilience can contribute to positivelymediating the effects of relationships leading to emotional dysregulation in attachmentanxiety.
MICHEL MAFFESOLI: BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONAL CRISIS AND SOFT TOTALITARIANISM, A LOOK AT TODAY'S FRANCE, BOTH CONFLICTUAL AND COMMUNITARIAN
Authors: Tournois Laurent
Published: April 2024

Sociologist, Professor, and, among other positions, holder of the “Emile Durkheim” chair at the Sorbonne, and director of the Center for Research on the Imaginary, Michel Maffesoli is an essential personality in the French academic-media landscape. Although he is often contested as a scientist, he nonetheless remains an enlightened observer of postmodernity and his socio-political analyzes on various themes linked to societal developments remain references with strong prophetic value, whatever his detractors may say. In his essay The era of uprisings (Maffesoli, 2021), he is a critical observer of the growing divorce between political-media elites and French citizens which is manifested by the multiplication of protest movements. This thesis leads us to go beyond conventional interpretations of poverty or inequalities in order to understand the extent of the civilizational crisis we are experiencing and the transition to after-modernity. The latter serves as a preamble to a denunciation of ‘soft totalitarianism’ and the rejection of human finitude which are rampant today in France since the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, and perhaps paradoxically, it fuels ‘the trial of utopian imagination’ (Wunenburger, 1978) while calling for the revival of a revolutionary spirit. This review essay aims at 1) putting the author's arguments into perspective with previous but also current works in order to gain impartiality, and 2) comparing the achievements of the work with socio-political aspects touched upon or even ignored, this which makes it possible to extend the political and social scope of the analysis.
UGOVARANJE U DIGITALNOM DRUŠTVU – ODREĐENA PITANJA OD ZNAČAJA U POGLEDU NORMIRANJA PONUDE I PRIHVATA PONUDE KOD E-UGOVORA
Authors: Stojšić Dabetić Jelena , Mirković Predrag
Published: April 2024

Digitalna ekonomija uvodi digitalizaciju u ugovorno pravo i u praksu ugovaranja, stvarajući preduslove za redefinisanje tradicionalnih postulata ugovornog prava, kroz drugačije oblike ponude robe i usluga, elektronskim putem i korišćenjem nove ekonomske i pravne terminologije, kao i drugačije procese ugovaranja. Rad je fokusiran na posebne segmente ugovornog ciklusa – ponudu i prihvat ponude, kao ključne elemente u ugovornom ciklusu zaključenja elektronskih ugovora , i analizu njihove regulacije u kontektu ugovaranja u digitalnom društvu. Ponuda i prihvat ponude su, kao i širi kontekst ugovaranja u digitalnom društvu, predstavljeni kroz fenomenološku analizu, čiji je cilj da ukaže na elemente i posledice uticaja upotrebe digitalne tehnologije u ugovaranju. Nadalje, analizirani su pravni aspekti ponude i prihvata ponude prilikom nastanka elektronskih ugovora i komparativnom metodom postavljeni u ravan sa tradicionalnim ugovornim principima, kako bi se procenio domašaj njihove primenjivosti u savremenim uslovima poslovanja, odnosno ukazalo na stepen potrebe redefinisanja tradicionalnih principa ugovornog prava.
COUNTERCULTURAL CHARACTER OF JOHANNINE CHRISTIANITY
Authors: Tatalović Vladan
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the rhetorical aspects of Johannine literature and shows the countercultural character of the community that produced it. Although different in genre, content and scope, the Gospels, the three Epistles and the Book of Revelation exude the same countercultural mechanism. To recognise these mechanisms on the literary level, the first part of the paper shows the impulses of countercultural interaction with the audiences. They are marked as a confrontation with religious and political authorities. Being in constant conflict with the Jewish synagogue and God-defying structures of the Greco-Roman world, the Johannine community built its own world. This world is legitimised as countercultural, i.e. constructed in opposition to the prevailing social structures and cultural practices. René Girard's anthropological concept of the scapegoat serves to observe the countercultural basis of Johannine Christianity, which is contained in the Christological symbol of the lamb. In the second part of the paper, examples of the operation of the countercultural mechanism are listed, and how it reshapes cultural practices and social structures is shown. The Johannine motifs of love and sacrifice are crucial in this process. Finally, the paper's conclusion briefly discusses the potential of the countercultural contribution of Johannine literature to Christianity and contemporary society.
ERGODIC VIDEO GAMES AS AGONIST OF MASOCHISM IN GAMERS
Authors: Filipović Aleksandar
Published: April 2024

Throughout their history, even though their purpose and function have essentially remained unchanged, video games have repeatedly changed their essence, from pioneering technical endeavors, through arcade machines, to thoroughly complex modern video games. At a certain stage of their development, video games were very difficult to complete, with one of the main reasons being that for many years games were primarily played on coin-operated arcade machines, so it was in developers' interest for the games to be challenging. However, there is a crucial difference between difficult video games and video games that we call ergodic video games. The essential difference is that ergodic video games (or video games with ergodic elements) require players to adopt a non-trivial approach, i.e., additional effort, skill, and dedication, and since ergodicity drastically changes the difficulty level of the game, it also requires certain character traits from players, in terms of readiness to respond to frustration with persistence rather than giving up, which often borders on a specific type of masochism. Therefore, ergodic video games are colloquially called masocore games, which is a portmanteau of the words "masochism" and "hardcore". This paper aims to explore the causality between ergodic video games and the existence of masochistic character traits in players who play them, as well as how such games, by combining pain and frustration on one side with pleasure and a sense of accomplishment on the other side, provide a gaming experience that is almost impossible to experience by playing classic, non-ergodic video games.
MOBILIDADE EQUITATIVA: OTIMIZAÇÃO EM TEMPO REAL DE ROTAS DE ÔNIBUS PARA COMUNIDADES RURAIS COM INTEGRAÇÃO AO GOOGLE MAPS
Authors: Vieira Jaime Elias , Ventura João Vitor , Carvalho Julia Larissa , Coelho Luciano Figueiredo , Matte Thiago Alexandre , Machado Vlademir Jean
Published: April 2024

Esse artigo buscou investigar as possibilidades para otimizar a mobilidade em comunidades rurais, através da análise do sistema, requisitos e elaboração de diagramas de uso e atividades fornecendo uma proposta viável para a integração em tempo real de rotas de ônibus com o Google Maps, com o intuito de reduzir disparidades de acesso e promover uma distribuição mais equitativa dos serviços de transporte público. Utilizou-se Santa Amaro da Imperatriz como estudo de caso para analisar a implementação das rotas de ônibus, mapeando requisitos e diagramando o sistema com base nas informações do Google Maps e explicando conceitos como GTFS, GPRS e GSM. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, permitindo que empresas implementem gratuitamente suas rotas no Google Maps e promova as condições mais equitativas para os usuários do transporte público da região.
Evaluating Snow Depth Retrievals from Sentinel-1 Volume Scattering over NASA SnowEx Sites
Authors: Hoppinen Zachary , Palomaki Ross T. , Brencher George , Dunmire Devon , Gagliano Eric , Marziliano Adrian , Tarricone Jack , Marshall Hans-Peter
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Snow depth retrievals from spaceborne C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter have the potential to fill an important gap in the remote monitoring of seasonal snow. Sentinel-1 SAR data have been used previously in an empirical algorithm to generate snow depth products with near-global coverage, sub-weekly temporal resolution, and spatial resolutions on the order of hundreds of meters to 1 km. However, there has been no published independent validation of this algorithm. In this work we develop the first open-source software package that implements this Sentinel-1 snow depth retrieval algorithm as described in the original papers, and evaluate the snow depth retrievals against nine high-resolution lidar snow depth acquisitions collected during the winters of 2019–2020 and 2020–21 at six study sites across the western United States as part of the NASA SnowEx Mission. Across all sites, we find poor agreement between the Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals and the lidar snow depth measurements, with a mean RMSE of 0.92 m and a mean Pearson correlation coefficient R of 0.46. Algorithm performance improves slightly in deeper snowpacks and at higher elevations. We further investigate the underlying Sentinel-1 data for a snow signal through an exploratory analysis of the cross-polarization backscatter ratio relative to lidar snow depths. We find a significant correlation between this cross ratio and snow depth over ~1.5 m but no relationship to a slight negative correlation for snow depths less than ~1.5 m. We attribute poor algorithm performance to a) the variable amount of apparent snow depth signal in the S1 cross ratio and b) an algorithm structure that does not adequately convert S1 backscatter signal to snow depth. Our findings provide an open-source frame work for future investigations, along with insight into the applicability of C-band SAR for snow depth retrievals and directions for future C-band snow depth retrieval algorithm development. C-band SAR has the potential to address gaps in radar monitoring of deep snowpacks; however, more research into retrieval algorithms is necessary to better understand the physical mechanisms and uncertainties of C-band volume scattering-based retrievals.
Comparison of the Effect of Ketorolac and Betamethasone Injection on Post Complications of Third Molar Surgery (A Clinical Trial)
Authors: Omidpanah Neda , Tarabosi Parnian , Nazari Hamed
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative ketorolac and betamethasone injections on reducing postoperative complications mandibular third molar surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 134 patients at the age group of 18-40 years who required mandibular molars surgery were studied. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In A group, 1 mL of betamethasone LA was injected into the master muscle before surgery, and in the A group, 30 mg of ketorolac per 1 mL was injected before surgery. On the second and seventh days after surgery, patients were evaluated for the variables of maximum mouth opening, pain, swelling, and general satisfaction with the surgery through telephone calls on the second and seventh days. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to evaluate the variables.
RESULTS: The mean of pain intensity and the swelling variables in the betamethasone group were lower than the ketorolac group in second and seventh days (P<0.05). The mean of maximum mouth opening and the patient satisfaction variables in the betamethasone group were higher than the ketorolac group in second day (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the patient satisfaction and maximum mouth opening variables on the seventh day (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that betamethasone performed significantly better in reducing swelling, pain, maximum mouth opening limitation, and general satisfaction.