bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machinability Evaluation of Difficult-to-Cut Materials Based on Variable Processing Cost per Unit Material
Authors: Li Xun , Wu Jian Ting
Published: December 2011

Cutting mechanism and characteristics of difficult-to-cut materials have a great difference. Currently, systems or indicators of the machinability are so many that we do not know how to utilize them. Not only because there is no consideration the impact of cutting conditions and parameters on machinability, but they are not be accurate quantitative responses to the machinability of workpiece materials, especially to the difficult-to-cut materials. Based on in-depth analysis of cutting mechanism and objective functions of cutting parameters optimization, an innovative machinability evaluation system based on the variable processing cost per unit material is developed. And the economics of machining process are introduced to the machinability evaluation system. Several classic analysises and calculation examples of the machinability of several typical difficult-to-cut materials have been presented at the end of paper to give a clear picture from the application of the system. The result demonstrates that the machinability evaluation system based on the variable processing cost per unit material has good practicability and maneuverability.
Drainpipe Network Management Information System Design Based on GIS and DSS
Authors: Liu Li , Zhao De An
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Introduced the current situation drainage network of Zhenjiang and the problems of traditional information management, combined geographic information technology and decision support technology, using vb as a tool to develop Zhenjiang drainpipe network management information system, tell the structure and the target function, describe the completed part of the system, shows the results of JiangBin Hospital pilot project, the established system improves the shortcomings of traditional drainage network management, raises efficiency.
Virtual Assembly of Product and Assembly Procedure Planning Based on Morphological Analysis by Matrix
Authors: Gu Li Zhi , Li Peng , Xiang Tie Ming
Published: December 2011

Virtual assembly plays an important part in virtual fabrication. It can be used to verify whether the design is correctly performed, modify models and display assembly, and optimize the process. This paper introduced the concept of morphological analysis by matrix, and established morphological matrix with the code of feature of the posture of the parts for feasible assembly of mechanical product. Secondly, using 6-point location principle, analyzed locating methods of zipper-head, taken as an example, from generality to specialty. In feeding part, it described the system in virtual assembly by matrix. Finally, Pro/E was used to model and simulate the procedure of the assembling.
The Development of Breakout Prevention System by Logical Judgement
Authors: Sun Li Gen , Li Hui Rong , Zhang Jia Quan
Published: December 2011

The breakout is one of the biggest problem in continuous casting. For the high failing and missing report rate of the system by indraught, whose report parameter cannot been changed, one new breakout prevention system which can optimize its parameters and based on the theory ofthe marked differences between temperature changing trend and spreading speed of the different temperature signal mode has been developed, it also has the hot distributing map. This system has a good running, and successfully reported all the breakout of the slab.
Influence of Different Pore-Forming Mechanism on Superfinish Grinding Tools
Authors: Zhang Zhi Gang , Zhu Yu Mei , Li Zhi Hong
Published: December 2011

Eight kinds of materials with diverse pore-forming mechanism were added into the ceramic ingredient of superfinish grinding tool with the same amount, and the specimens were prepared and sintered in the same condition. Their pore-forming abilities in the sintered bodies were compared through several performance tests. By measuring the porosity, bulk density, water absorption and flexural strength of these sintered bodies, and observing the SEM images, pore-forming agents with the best working mechanism was identified. It is proved that those pore-forming agents which have pore structures in themselves process the best pore-forming ability, and they can maintain relatively high porosity and high mechanical strength, which is good for the superfinish grinding tools.
Structural Analysis of Mechanism with Compound Hinges in Ordinal Single Opened Chain Theory
Authors: Xin Hong Bing , Huang Qiang , Yu Yue Qing
Published: December 2011

The coupling degree and structure factor of mechanism are the important parameters for the research of principle of mechanism structure, kinematics and dynamics in the ordinal single opened chain method, This article presents the algorithm of coupling degree for the kinematic chain with compound hinges on the basis of that for the kinematic chain without compound hinges and the dual-color topology graph, through which the mechanism with compound hinges can be decomposed into basic kinematic chains, the correctness of the algorithm has been verified by the practical example.
Study on Narrow-Gauge Traction Locomotive Control System
Authors: Zong Jian , Ruan Yi , Chen Ming Hui , Xu Li Bo
Published: December 2011

Most narrow-gauge vehicles driven by DC motor now, as DC drive due to power constraints and high maintenance costs, most of them will gradually be replaced by AC drives. But VVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) control method adopt in some running narrow-track traction locomotives, that can reduce over-current with load starting and should be compensated at low frequency. Based on study the Control strategies of narrow-track locomotives, comparing with the characteristics of power distribution of dual-motor drive system. The motor ought to have the same mechanical feature in dual-motor drive system, vector control strategy select in the control system. Experiments prove the system has good performance of stability, reliability, and good control performance, which can meet the narrow-track traction locomotive control requirements.
Research on Steel Cord Belt Electromagnetic Testing Real Time Monitoring Technology
Authors: Ji Zeng Quan , Huang Liang
Published: December 2011

Based on the principle of magnetic flux leakage, this paper researches and develops the steel cord belt online testing real-time monitoring system. It take magnetizing and receiving sensor in integrated intensive arrangement, adopt mining intrinsic safe single box-type structure, the temperature is adaptive, free maintenance and avoid debugging. The master control board has two kinds of media communication interface; the transmission distance can be 20km. This system has self-check, parameter setting, data analysis and inquires, report printing, and other functions. Field application show that the system realized high speed, online testing and accurate positioning in steel cord rusting in belt, rope breaking, joint twitch, shifting, zinc coating aging etc. conditions, the judge accuracy rate is more than 99.9 percent.
Annual Runoff Prediction Based on Least Square Support Vector Machines-Markov Chain Combined Model
Authors: Zhou Xiu Ping , Zhu Cong , Li Tian Xiang
Published: December 2011

A new annual runoff prediction model was proposed by combining the least squares support vector machines and markov chains named LSSVM-MC. Firstly, adopt the least squares support vector machines to predict annual runoff as the first step prediction. Then regarding the series of prediction errors as a process of Markov chain, adopt Markov chain method to predict the potential error as the second step prediction. At last, subtract the two-step prediction results to get the final prediction value. The case study shows that the combined model effectively improves the annual runoff prediction accuracy.
The Learning Styles of Taiwanese Mechanical Engineering Students
Authors: Hsiung Chin Min , Lin Chi Chang
Published: December 2011

Learning style has been proven to be an important factor that affects student learning performance. By knowing student learning styles, instructors can modify teaching material and teaching methods accordingly for the greater benefit of students. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of learning styles, students may adopt complementary learning strategies, thus improving their performance. The Index of Learning Styles (ILS) developed by Felder and Soloman has been widely used in the context of engineering education to enhance both teaching and learning. However, the general statistics and reliability of its Chinese version have not been reported. In this study, we conducted a survey, and 223 students majoring in mechanical engineering at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Taiwan, participated. This study involved a comparison of the learning style profiles of the students against the results of prior related research conducted in the United States. Subsequently, the internal consistency coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha were examined. The results show that the participants were active, perceptive, visual, and sequential learners, similar to their counterparts in the United States. The internal consistency coefficients on the four dimensions in ILS are 0.49, 0.59, 0.64, and 0.36, respectively. The statistics are lower or approximately equal to those of the English version ILS.
Research on Micro Electrical Discharge Milling Technology of Miniature Thin-Walled Impeller
Authors: Zhang Liao Yuan , Yang Yong , Wang Jian Guang , Wang Chao
Published: December 2011

Micro electrical discharge milling technology takes an important part in micro machining fields. This paper presents the research of key technology of micro electrical discharge milling and this technology may increase the efficiency and accuracy of the milling by miniature thin-walled impeller machining and technological parameter optimizing.
Function Modeling, Solving and Simulation Based on Effect in TRIZ
Authors: Cao Guo Zhong , Guo Hai Xia , Liang Tao , Tan Run Hua
Published: December 2011

Functional design is the essential process of product design. Aiming at the drawbacks of traditional functional design, effect in TRIZ is introduced for function modeling, solving and simulation. The improved process model of functional design is proposed, and the computer-aided functional design software system is developed. Finally, the speedy cutting off valve is taken as an example to validate the effectiveness of the above model.
Application Research of SWOT Analysis in Enterprise Patent Portfolio Strategy
Authors: Zeng Ji , Zhang Huan Gao , Dong Yan Qing , Tan Run Hua , Yu Fei
Published: December 2011

This document formulates enterprise patent portfolio strategy by patent map based on SWOT analysis method. Firstly, this document carries on the research of the technological strength and technological distribution of enterprise in a technological field, and finds the technological opportunities and threats of the enterprise. Secondly, this document evaluates the difficulty of implementation of the technological opportunities and the strength of the technological threats through the statistical analysis. Finally, this document formulates patent portfolio strategy for the enterprise by using the SWOT analysis method. This document takes the patent portfolio strategy of bridge erecting machine of a company for an example to verify this process.
Study on Superelasticity and Microstructure of TiNiV Shape Memory Alloy by Medium-Temperature Treatment
Authors: Zhang Zhi Jian , Si Nai Chao , Liu Guang Lei , Si Song Hai
Published: December 2011

The TiNiV shape memory alloy wire that was cold pressed under 9Mpa at the room temperature had good superelasticity. On this basis, a tensile test was made after a series of medium-temperature treatment. Then the effect of superelasticity and microstructure of TiNiV shape memory alloy by medium-temperature treatment were studied. The results indicate that the experimental wires assume thorough non-linear superelasticity after holding 30 min at 430°C. The superelasticity of the wire enhances firstly, then declines with the ascent of the temperature and extension of the time of the holding. A kind of potentiation phase-Ti3Ni4 precipites out of the wire under different medium-temperature treatment.
Research on Kraft Pulping Delignification of Bamboo (Neosinocalamus)
Authors: Li Pei Yi , Zhang Mei Yun , Xia Xin Xing , Lin Chun Tao
Published: December 2011

Bamboo, as a kind of non-wood raw material, has a long, thin fiber with wide distribution and rich abundance in China. Its pulping properties are between softwood and hardwood. Adapting to the Chinese situation, developing bamboo pulp industrialization, according to the local conditions, is an available way to solve the shortage of fiber material for paper-making. Delignification of bamboo (Neosinocalamus) was carried out by conventional kraft and soda pulping under varying conditions to determine the relationships between selected cooking parameters (EA 14~20%, sulfidity 0~40%, maximum temperature 160 and 165°C, and time at maximum temperature 60~110 min) and pulp properties (kappa number and yield). Results indicated that in order to obtain relatively low kappa numbers(17~27), high sulfidity(20~40%) at lower EA(14~16%) increased pulp yield compared to the case of low sulfidity(0~10%) at higher EA(16~18%). Pulp with lower kappa numbers (13~15) and acceptable yield can be obtained at a sulfidity level of 20~30% with 18% EA or at a sulfidity level of 10~30% with 20% EA. Meanwhile, bamboo pulp in this condition not only helps to decrease kappa number in the subsequent oxygen delignification process, but also reduces the cost of chemicals in the bleaching process.
Bifunctional Pt-Molecular Sieve Catalysts for Hydroisomerization of Long-Chain Olefins
Authors: Ding Fei , Luo Cai Rong , Zhang Hai Rong , Xiong Lian , Chen Xin De
Published: December 2011

Bifunctional Pt/HZSM-5, Pt/HBeta, Pt/HMCM-41 and Pt/HSAPO-11 catalysts were prepared using pseudoboehmite as a binder. The H2-TPR profiles, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) pointed out that reducibility of catalysts and textural properties. These bifunctional catalysts have been tested in long-chain olefins hydroisomerization. The experiments were carried out at 320 o C under 2.0 MPa of hydrogen and at 3.0 h-1 WHSV. Complete hydrogenation of long-chain olefins was observed over Pt/HMCM-41 and Pt/HSAPO-11. Hydroisomerization reactions also occured in the case of Pt supported strong acidic molecular sieves (HZSM-5 and HBeta). The result suggests product distribution of long-chain olefins hydroisomerization is dependent on the balance between the acid and metallic functions in catalysts.
Color Prediction for Weft-All-Coloring Jacquard Fabric Based on the Two-Constant Kubelka-Munk Theory
Authors: Zhou Hua , Wang Chun Yan , Zhou Jiu
Published: December 2011

Weft-all-coloring jacquard fabric is smoother and plentiful. It looks stereoscopic impression. Because of complex fabric structures, color designing of jacquard fabric still remains a problem to be solved. In addition, there have not ideal colorful model to predict jacquard fabric structure. In view of the above problems, this study use four primary samples that red, yellow, green are used in weft yarn and white is used in warp to prepare many weft-all-coloring jacquard fabric of single-warp and double-weft. Though a large number of experimental color about a data-color 600 plus spectrophotometric, the theory of Kubelka-Munk absorption coefficients (K) and scattering coefficients (S) of all yarns and the color proportion of weft were calculated for jacquard fabric. The results indicate that the color difference is 1.5 CIELAB units, and the fitting error of the yarn’s proportion is about 2.1%. It shows that the two-constant Kubelka-Munk theory is suitable for predicting the color of weft jacquard fabric with all-coloring and color proportion.
The Research of the Equipment Manufacturing Industry Development Strategy of Fuxin
Authors: Liu Yun Zhe , Lu Guo Bin
Published: December 2011

Fuxin is the first batch of resource type city and economic transformation pilot city, it research the development strategy of equipment manufacturing industry of Fuxin, it plays an important role in changing Fuxin’s single industrial structure and building diversified industrial development pattern. Though analysis the equipment manufacturing industry’s present situation of Fuxin, this thesis sum up the problems that urgently to be solved of Fuxin’s equipment manufacturing industry, and put forward the development and the security measures of Fuxin’s equipment manufacturing industry according to the actual situation in enlarging industrial scale, enhancing the ability of independent innovation, speeding up the implementation of brand management strategy, personnel training strategy, perfecting policy guarantee measures, strive to build the basic framework of Fuxin’s equipment manufacturing industry development strategy which can provide reference to government and enterprises in making plans.
Properties of Nano-ZnO Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering for SAW Biosensors
Authors: Fu Qiu Yun , Yi Peng Cheng , Zhou Dong Xiang , Luo Wei , Deng Jian Feng
Published: December 2011

Abstract. In this article, nano-ZnO films were deposited on SiO2/Si (100) substrates by RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering using high purity (99.99%) ZnO target. The effects of deposition time and annealing temperature have been investigated. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FSEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) were employed to characterize the quality of the films. The results show that the ZnO film with thickness of 600nm annealed at 900°C has higher quality of both C-axis orientation and crystallization. And for the Zone film with thickness of 300nm annealed at 850°C, the quality of both C-axis orientation and crystallization is higher than that annealed at 900°C and 950°C.
Preparation of Nano-Fibrous Poly(L-lactic acid) Scaffold with Hierarchical Pores
Authors: Wang Xue Jun , Lou Tao , Song Guo Jun
Published: December 2011

In this study, a nano-fibrous PLLA scaffold with hierarchical pore was sucessfully fabricated using combined TIPS and particle leaching method.The scaffold had a nano-fibrous PLLA matrix (fiber size 100-800 nm), an interconnective hierarchical pores (1.0- 425 μm), high porosity (>96%). The compressive modulus of scaffold with different pore size was between 0.16 MPa to 0.2 Mpa and it decreased with the increased salt size embedded in. The new nano composite scaffold is potentially a very promising scaffold for tissue engineering.
Study on the Nanoconfinement-Induced Breaking of Helical Symmetry in Metal Nanowires
Authors: Wei Yan , Jiang Lin , Yang Gui Kao , Wang Ting , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2011

Metal atoms confined in finite cylindrical nanopores exhibit helical morphologies because of the high rotational symmetry of confined surfaces and energy minimum of (111) facets. Herein, we present adirect nanoconfinement induced helical symmetry breaking phenomenon resulting from asymmetric atomic arrangements around the surfaces of nanoconfinements. In cylindrical nanopores, the critical value transforming from helical nanowires to crystalline ones is larger than corresponding free-standing nanowires, indicating nanopores with high rotational symmetry are propitious to form (111)facets wrapped outside of nanowires
Synthesis of AlN Powders by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation Reaction of Nonhydrolytic Al2O3 Gels with CaF2 Addition
Authors: Wei Heng Yong , Pei Dong Sheng , Du Zhen Yu , Zhao Jun Hong , Wei Ying Na , Geng Yu Bin , Wang Rui Sheng , Bu Jing Long
Published: December 2011

AlN powders were prepared via carbothermal reduction-nitridation of nonhydrolytic Al2O3 gels. The XRD results showed that only AlN phase formed when the sample was calcined at 1450 °C in N2 ﬂow of 80 ml/min, which was lower than that using Al2O3 powders as starting materials. The AlN powders were near-spherical particles and their particle size was around 400 nm. The effect of the CaF2 addition on the synthesis of AlN powders was aslo investigated. The results showed that the synthesis temperature of AlN powders colud decrease to 1400 °C, when 3wt% of atalytic agent CaF2 was added. Meanwhile, the particles size of AlN powders decreased, but their size distribution became wide range.
Reduction Kinetics of Bayan Obo Coexisted Iron and Niobium Ore by Carbon-Bearing Pellet
Authors: Zhang Fu Shun , Zhao Zeng Wu , Li Yan , Feng Nai Xiang
Published: December 2011

The mass loss rate of carbon-bearing pellet of coexisted iron and niobium ore during reduction process was investigated between 900 and 1050°C in inert atmosphere. The reduction mechanism was studied by analyzing reaction rate constant, apparent activation energy，and the controlling step. The results show that temperature has the significant effect on the reduction of carbon-bearing pellet. The reduction processes include the faster reaction stage and the slower reduction stage, and respective reaction rate constants in two stages are k1=exp (21.025-40484/(RT)) and k2= exp (21.060-42516/(RT))，while respective apparent activation energy are 337 and 353 KJ/mol. Both steps are controlled by carbon gasification.
Unascertained Measurement Model for Water Safety Assessment
Authors: Wang Jia Yang , Wang Wen Sheng , Li Zuo Yong , Zhang Bi
Published: December 2011

An unascertained measurement model was proposed for regional water safety assessment after choosing the proper index system of water safety characteristics in Shandong province. Unascertained measurement was obtained by calculating the single index with the weight power of each index by project pursuit method. By applying the unascertained measurement model to water safety assessment in Shandong province, the results show that it provides an effective approach to water safety assessment.
Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate Form Methanol and Carbon Dioxide Using H3PW12O40/Ce0.1Ti0.9O2 with Ionic Liquid Catalysts
Authors: Wu Ru Chun , Xie Tao , Li Mei
Published: December 2011

H3PW12O40/Ce0.1Ti0.9O2 and imidazolium salt ionic liquid catalysts were prepared and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon dioxide. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, pressure of carbon dioxide and amount of H3PW12O40/Ce0.1Ti0.9O2 in the presence of ionic liquid are discussed. The results showed that H3PW12O40/Ce0.1Ti0.9O2is an effective catalyst. The high selectivity and higher yield of DMC were achieved. The combination of imidazolium salt and H3PW12O40/Ce0.1Ti0.9O2 could evidently improve the yield of the product. The maximum DMC yield reached up to 12.98 % in the presence of EMImCl at 140°C and 2.4 MPa.
Study on Interfacial Tension and Flammability of Mg-Ca-Ce Alloy Melt
Authors: Meng Xian Kuo , Zhao Wei Min , Ding Jian
Published: December 2011

The Mg-Ca-Ce ignition-proof Mg-alloy with high ignition temperature was developed based on the synergy of flame retardant role of Ca element and Re element ,and the flame retardant mechanism were investigated. The interfacial tension of Mg-Ca-Ce alloy melt was measured with the maximum bubble method. The interfacial tension is found to be remarkably lowered with the increase of Ce element that is a kind of surface active element to Mg-Ca alloy. The results also showed that the compact composite film composed of Ce2O3,CaO and MgO could be formed and reduce the flammability significantly when the Ca content and Re content were 1.2wt.% and 1.5 wt.% respectively, which prevented alloys from oxidation further and raised the ignition point nearly 150°C.
Removing of Si in the NaOH Molten Salt Reaction of Titanium Slag to Produce TiO2
Authors: Han Yan Fang , Sun Ti Chang , Li Jie , Wang Li Na , Xue Tian Yan , Qi Tao
Published: December 2011

NaOH solution was utilized in the molten salt reaction of titanium slag for investigating desiliconization effects. The thermodynamic behaviors of Si in the reaction system was examined to explore the impacts of molten salt reaction conditions on the conversion rates of the foreign substance Si and the target element Ti. On this basis, the influences of NaOH concentration, liquid-solid ratio, cleaning temperature and cleaning time on Si removing rate were discussed. The experimental results showed that, Si reacted with NaOH to produce sodium silicate was feasible in terms of thermodynamics within the temperature interval 400-1000K. 3Na2O•2SiO2, 2Na2O•SiO2 could stably exist under high reaction temperature. As the reaction time extended and temperature rose, the conversion rate of Si was increasing. In the process of Si removing by NaOH cleaning of molten salt reaction products, as NaOH concentration, liquid-solid ratio, cleaning temperature and cleaning time increased, Si removing rate became larger. The optimum alkali cleaning conditions were: NaOH concentration 150g/l, liquid-solid ratio 3:1, cleaning temperature 50°C and cleaning time 60min, then the desiliconization rate reached 61.16%.
Synthesis of a Novel Donor Unit for D-A Type Polymers: 2,7-di(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-10-Hexadecyl-Phenoxazine
Authors: Li Li , Sun Xiao Xia , Wu Qiu Hua , Hu Yu
Published: December 2011

A new electron-rich unit, 2,7-di(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-10-hexadecyl- phenoxa-zine, has been prepared in high yield over four steps. The compound with good solubility, electronic and optical properties may be a candidate for D-A type organic polymers.
Preparation and Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Deposited by Europium Hydroxide
Authors: Fang Shao Ming , Tang Jia You , Gao Li Jun , Zhou Li Ming
Published: December 2011

In this paper, europium hydroxide (Eu(OH)3) was introduced onto multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by the MWCNTs and europium nitrate (Eu(NO3)3•6H2O) on a mild conditions in the alkalescence solution. The influence of the different pH value on the product was analyzed. Characterizations of the products were performed using raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Those results indicated that oxygen-containing groups such as -OH, -C=O, and -COOH generated on the surface of the MWCNTs treated with nitric acid. Those functional groups can attract Eu, and provide the position to Eu(OH)3. When the pH value situation of the reaction is 7-8, the MWCNTs deposited by Eu(OH)3 were obtained. Furthermore, there is the weak interaction between Eu and the functional groups of the MWCNTs. In addition, the integrity of the MWCNTs was not damaged during the whole preparation.
Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Bar HRB400 in NaCl Solution
Authors: Ping Li , Ying Wang
Published: December 2011

The corrosion behavior of reinforcing bar HRB400 in simulated concrete solution (0.5 wt.% NaCl solution) was investigated, and its tensile mechanical properties were tested before and after corrosion. The results show that, with the increase of corrosion time from 240h to 720h, the corrosion rate increases and the corrosion becomes heavier and heavier, and the composition amounts of corrosion scale are similar. After 720h, the yield strength and tensile strength are decreased by less than 10%, and the elongation are decreased by more than 20%.
Review of Mix Proportion Design Methods for Fly Ash Concrete with Machine-Made Sand
Authors: Li Feng Lan , Zeng Yan , Li Chang Yong
Published: December 2011

Fly ash (FA) is always used as the pulverized admixture of concrete with machine-made sand to improve the bad workability of fresh concrete such as lower flowing and serious bleeding. According to the specification of Chinese standard, there are three ways of admixing FA into concrete including the additional admixing, the equal-mass replacing cement and the over-mass replacing cement. This paper researches the possibility for unifying these three ways in the mix proportion design of concrete with machine-made sand by fitting the test data with the formula of water to cement ratio. The regression coefficients are given out corresponding to these three ways, the influences of FA on concrete are discussed. The issues in current mix proportion design methods are pointed out. To efficiently play the function of FA as the beneficial admixture of concrete, the activity of FA should be considered as a key factor in the mix proportion design of concrete.
Study on Foam Properties of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Du Xi Gang , Wang Chun Wei , Niu Rui Qi , Zhang Jun , Yang Zhen Yu
Published: December 2011

Foamability and foam stability of alkylbenzene sulfonate Gemini surfactants solution were studied with Ross-Miles method. The variations of foamability and foam stability with concentration, Hydrophobic group and temperature were studied, respectively. It was found that foamability begins to increase with increment of concentration, when concentration increases to a degree, foamability no longer increases. And foamability decreases with increment of alkyl length in the whole concentrations. The stability of surfactants begin to increase with increment of concentration. When concentration is increased to 0.5 g/L, the stability begin to decrease. And the stability of Ic is much better than that of Ia. Furthermore, the foamability of Ia and Ic increases with temperature, however the foam stability of them decreases with temperature.
Research on the Confidence Interval of Indirect Detection
Authors: Chen Hai Bin , Ge Nan , Tong Xiao Jun
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Using the correlation between the measure value and measured value in the indirect detection, the whole presumption method and theoretical formula of the confidence intervals for measured value are put forward. Based on the different detection methods, the confidence interval of high confidence and high accuracy can be given by the proposed method according to random measurement results. Through the Monte Carlo simulation, using the deducing method and the related theory, it may be concluded that the true value is included within the confidence interval which is obtained by this method. The traditional method can only get the point estimation but not give the confidence intervals in the practical engineering. According to the method, the interval estimation of concrete strength can be give. Moreover, this method is used not only in test concrete strength, especially in the evaluation of earthquake, but also in strength detecting for bridges, the pressure vessel, aircraft wing etc.
The Effect of Reinforcement-Length of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Bonding Composites on Circular Tubes under Flexural Condition
Authors: Di E Mei , Zhang Guo Li , Ma Ming , Chen Guang Wei , Chen Li
Published: December 2011

This paper presents an experimental investigation on flexural performance of carbon fiber reinforced bonding composite circular tubes with different length of reinforcing pieces. Four kinds of composites bonded tubes with different reinforcing pieces length 20mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50mm were carried out. The flexural strength and modulus of bonged composite samples tested were investigated. The experiment result indicates that the length of reinforcing pieces has some effects on the flexural performance of bonding composite circle tubes. The average flexural strengths of samples reinforced 20mm, reinforced 30mm, reinforced 40mm and reinforced 50mm are 41%, 45%, 49% and 51% of average flexural strength of boned samples without bonding, respectively. The bonding strength will improve when the length of reinforcing pieces increases. The modulus does not change when reinforcing length was greater or equal than 30mm. The main typical failure modes of tested specimens are adhesive cohesive failure and interlamination failure between prepreg and adhesive film.
A New Method for Processing Ceramics with Cracked Glaze
Authors: Fan Ji Wei , Li Xiao Peng , Zhang Zhao Jun , Zhang Wang Xi , Jiao Zhi Qiang , Zhang Rui Jie , Liu Ying , Zhang Zhen Guo
Published: December 2011

Laser processing ceramic materials is a new application of laser technique. This paper presents the study of making cracked glaze surface by laser processing. Proposed the applicable the composition of glaze, the main processing parameters of laser processing, and discussed the factors which may affect the quality of cracked glazing surface. It indicates that laser processing could be a new and easy processing method to produce the cracked glazing on the ceramic surface.
Comparative Study on Microstructure and Texture of Ti-IF Steel Sheets Produced by Different Hot Rolling Processing
Authors: Feng Yun Li , Cai Ming , Chen Li Bin
Published: December 2011

It was analyzed by metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction method that the microstructure and texture in two kinds of Ti-IF steels, which produced by different hot rolling process,and it also was discussed that the formability and the texture in Ti-IF steels. The results showed that the microstructures of these two kinds of steels are Equiaxed ferrite grains, but the grain sizes are greatly different. Respectively the average grain size of steel A and B are 24.85μm and 11.85μm, and the average grain size number are 7.4 and 9.5. The {111} texture of steel B is stronger than A, besides, the deep drawing properties of steel B is better than A in the reason that disadvantaged texture{001} and {112} are not founded in steel B.
Dislocation Generated by Electron Irradiation
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto
Published: December 2011

Dislocation loop was generated by electron irradiation in nickel aluminum alloy. It is important to know dislocation characteristics obtained from a high energetic electron irradiation. If b is the Burger vector of a dislocation loop and g is the diffraction vector, dislocation loop will appear larger, smaller or disappear for g.b>0, g.b<0 or g.b=0, respectively. Dislocation loop was determined as follows – first, the appearance of dislocation loops is arranged in observation table. Second, based on type of dislocation loop, Burger vector and diffraction vector, appearance of dislocation loop is arranged in calculation table. Third, based on observation and calculation table, Burger vector and type of dislocation loop is determined. The results show that dislocation loops consist of perfect dislocation loops and Frank dislocation loops. The perfect dislocation loops have Burger vectors of ½[0 ] and ½[ 0] while Frank dislocation loops have Burger vectors of ⅓[1 1], ⅓[11 ], ⅓[ 11], ⅓[111], ⅓[1 1], ⅓[11 ] and ⅓[ 11]. All dislocation loops are interstitial types.
Fe-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Coating on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Substrate Deposited by Automatic High Velocity Arc Spraying
Authors: Wang Lin Lei , Liang Xiu Bing , Wei Shi Cheng , Chen Yong Xiong , Guo Wei , Ding Hua Dong
Published: December 2011

An automatic high velocity arc spraying process was used to deposit a type of FeCrBSiMoNbW amorphous/nanocrystalline coating with substrate of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the coating was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The coating is about 250μm in thickness with low porosity and oxids. The results show that the microstructure of the coating can be classified into two regions, namely, a full amorphous phase region and homogeneous dispersion of α-Fe (Cr) nanocrystals with 30-80 nm in a residual amorphous region. Mechanical properties, such as nano-hardness, elastic modulus, were analyzed. The experimental results show that the coating has high nano-hardness and elastic modulus. The friction and wear experiments were operated on UMT-2 micro friction tester. The relative wear resistance of the FeCrBSiMoNbW coating is about 2 times higher than that of the conventional 3Cr13 coating under the same conditions. The main wear mechanism of the amorphous/nanocrystalline coating is the typical brittle spalling.
A Study on Brazing Process and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Xie Xian , Quan Gao Feng , Gu Xiue , Liu Xing Ming , Sun Jia Le
Published: December 2011

The brazing process of magnesium alloy AZ31 was studied, and the mechanical properties of the weld were examined, and the main factors were analyzed through brazing furnace tests in this work. Only with the protection of self-made brazing flux, a lap joint with the average shear strength of 30MPa could be obtained in an ordinary resistance furnace without inert gas protection, which is much better than that without flux in which the shear strength is lower than 10MPa.
Preparation and Characterization of Sm3+ Doped CBS Transparent Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Wang Yi Min , Zhang Hong Bo , Su Chun Hui , Fan Dong Dong
Published: December 2011

Sm3+ doped transparent glass-ceramics of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) system were prepared and characterized.The precursor glass was prepared by melting method and annealed at 450°C for 2h and cooled to room temperature at a speed of 5°C/min.The appropriate heat treatment schedule to precursor glass was determined to be 2h at 600°C for nucleation and 3h at 810°C for crystallizition.The transmittion of glass-ceramics at the range of visable light is 68% in average. Five main emission bands of Sm3+ are centered around 564nm,605nm,646nm,679nm and 789nm,which correspond to the 4G 5/2→6H 5/2,4G 5/2→6H 7/2,4G 5/2→6H 9/2,4G 5/2→6H 11/2 and 4G 5/2→6H 13/2 transitions.Very strong luminescence at around 599nm is observed in glass-ceramics,This indicates glass-ceramics to be a better host for Sm3+ than precursor glass and a hopeful laser material.
Effect of Ce on Wear Behavior of Plasma Spray Welded Novel Aluminum Bronze Coatings
Authors: Li Wen Sheng , Liu Yi
Published: December 2011

Aluminum bronze powders with free and 0.1wt%Ce were plasma spray welded on 45# carbon steel substrate, Effects of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and wear resistance of plasma spray welded novel aluminum bronze coatings were investigated. Tribological properties of coatings were tested on reciprocating sliding tester. Results showed that a small amount of Ce (0.1wt %) in novel aluminum bronze coating can refine the coating microstructure and the coating with 0.1wt%Ce process higher wear resistance compared to the Ce-free coating. Both of the coatings have different wear mechanisms.
Influences of Pulse Current Density on the Characteristics of Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2 Composite Coatings
Authors: Xu Rui Dong , Zhai Da Cheng , Hu Shuang Li
Published: December 2011

Square-wave double pulse current was used to electrodeposit Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2 composite coatings in fine-grained structure on the surface of carbon steel, influences of forward pulse average current density, +Jm, in the range of 5~25A/dm2 on characteristics of the composite coatings were researched, and the chemical compositionSubscript texts, deposition rate, microhardness and microstructures were evaluated by EDX, SEM and Microhardness tester. The results show that the uniform composite coatings can be obtained at +Jm of 20A/dm2, which possess higher microhardness of 735Hv. The grains sizes of the composite coatings decrease when +Jm is increased from 5A/dm2 to 20A/dm2, while the reappearance of large grains structure at 25A/dm2.
Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Gelatinized Cornstarch Foams
Authors: Xie Peng Ping , Niu Ming Jun , Guo Kai , Chen Jin Zhou , Li Xin Fa
Published: December 2011

Biodegradable foams derived from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and gelatinized cornstarch (GS) were prepared by twin-screw extrusion using Azodicarbonamide(AC) as blowing agent and talc as nucleation agent. Foams with a relatively ﬁne and uniform cell morphology and better foam properties were obtained under optimized conditions of PLA/GS ratio at 3:1, 1.5% AC content, and MAH and glycerol blend system.
Mixture Experiments Design Including Interactions with Process Variables for Applications in Paint Preparation
Authors: Hu Jian
Published: December 2011

Many experiments in research and development in the paint preparation involve mixture components. These are experiments with mixtures in which the experimental factors are the components of a mixture and the response variable depends on the relative proportion of each components, but not on the absolute amount of the mixture. Thus the mixture components cannot be varied independently. A common variation of the mixture experiment occurs when there are also one or more process factors that can be varied independently of each other and of the mixture ingredients, to bring about a mixture–process variable experiment. We discuss the design and analysis of these types of experiments, using flame-retardant coating formulation as an example. Goal of this paper is to encourage greater utilization of these techniques in paint preparation research and development.
Influence of Geometry in Nanometric Cutting Single-Crystal Copper via MD Simulation
Authors: Zhao Hong Wei , Zhang Lin , Zhang Peng , Shi Cheng Li
Published: December 2011

A series of three-dimension molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed using hybrid potentials to investigate nanometric cutting process of single-crystal copper with diamond tool. The effect of tool geometry in nanometric cutting process is investigated. It is observed that with the negative rake angle, the volume of chips becomes smaller due to large hydrostatic pressure and plastic deformation generated in the subsurface layer. When the rake angle changes from -40° to 40°, the machined surface becomes smoother. Besides, the ratio of tangential force to normal force decreases with the increase of rake angle. In addition, the effect of clearance angle is analyzed and approximate entropy (APEN) is presented to denote the complexity and uncontrollability of the interactions between tool and workpiece with different clearance angles. With the decrease of clearance angle, the machined surface quality decreases with the local stress distribution in subsurface layer is uneven. An appropriate clearance angle not only keeps cutting force stable, but makes sure of the quality of machined surface as well.
Development of Software for Calculating Temperature Field by FEM Simulation to Hot Strip Mill
Authors: Tang De Lin , Liu Xiang Hua , Peng Liang Gui
Published: December 2011

The temperature field of hot strip during rolling was simulated by FEM. The temperature drop curve and temperature field at any time were solved Furthermore, a temperature field simulation software based on the practical production conditions was developed and applied to simulate the temperature field of a combination of multiple grades of steel, rolling, diversified equipment and cooling steps. In the end, simulation results are analyzed and edge masking controlling in width in LFC is discussed.
Molten Region around the Cavity Generated by a Moving Electron Beam
Authors: Tsai Yu Hsiang , Ho Ching Yen
Published: December 2011

In this paper analytical predictions of the molten region around the cavity produced by a moving electron beam are provided. A three-dimensional analytical model is used to predict the molten and heat-affected regions surrounding a paraboloid of revolution-shaped cavity. This work avoids the defect of the infinite temperature at the cavity base for the line-source model. Introducing a new image method, an analytical solution is provided by satisfying exactly the adiabatic condition at the top surface. The molten region is governed by dimensionless parameters related to beam power per unit penetration and the depth and shape of the cavity in this work. A three-dimensional molten region is computed and presented in this paper. The effect of beam power per unit penetration on the molten region is also discussed.
Three-Dimensional Design and Motion Simulation of the Three-Ring Gear Reducer
Authors: Li Yuan
Published: December 2011

The three-ring gear reducer (TRGR) is a novel type of planetary transmission device with few tooth difference, which has numerous advantages over traditional reducers, such as large transmission ratio, high loading capacity, compact volume etc, and it has been widely used in many fields. This article takes TRGR as research object，using computer software, carries on the structural design and the simulation research to it, simulation results compare with actual data. It has an important significance to the design calculations and structural optimization of the three-ring gear reducer.
The Reliability Analysis of the Electrical System and the Fire Control System of Certain-Type Armored Vehicle Based on Copula Function
Authors: Dong Yu Cai , Zhang Shi Xin , Zhang Ling , Liu Yi Le , Yi Liang Hai
Published: December 2011

In this article, the reliabilities of the electrical system and the fire control system of certain-type armored vehicle are studied based on the Copula function. First, the margin distribution is confirmed by the Weibull distribution, and then the Archimedes Frank Copula function is solved and validated, and finally, the reliability function and the failure rate of the system are obtained.
Studies of Rapid Tooling Spraying Technology Using Low Melting Metal Alloy
Authors: Mao Tsuo Fei , Tsai Feng Che , Yang Shie Chen , Yu Dong Yang , Wang Jia Xian
Published: December 2011

To manufacture rapid metal tools, an innovative method based on rapid prototyping and high pressure spraying technologies is proposed in this study. The Sn-Bi metal alloy with low melting point and small thermal shrink was used as the spraying materials. Applying an electric heated device and high pressure boost pump, the melting Sn-Bi Alloy went through a small spray nozzle and atomized into semi-melting minute particles. The atomized particles are then deposited and integrated on the surface of intermediate silicone rubber mold, which is made from the rapid prototyping (RP) system and are successfully used to manufacture rapid wax injection mould. Using the thermal spraying system to manufacture rapid metal mold, the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of the spray mold is excellent and the fabricated cycle time is short.
Reliability Research in Design Stage of CNC System
Authors: Huang Dong
Published: December 2011

CNC system is the core of CNC Machine Tools, reliability of CNC system is decided in its design stage. Design stage of CNC system can be divided into software design and hardware design. In software design, there is not perfect theories to follow, so every factors should be considered, different factors should have different measures; In hardware design, some methods and experience can be used for reference, and improve these methods and experience. In order to improve the CNC system reliability fundamentality, CNC system need stability base, measures should be done from design stage.
Prediction of the Position on Solidification End Point of Continuous Caster
Authors: Tu Ting Sheng , Wang Hong Liang , Lei Zuo Sheng , Ren Zhong Ming
Published: December 2011

Solidification heat transfer in continuous casting slab was simulated with the business software CALCOSOFT. The position on solidification end point which obviously effect on soft reduction was predicted and verified by nail—shooting technique. It is shown from the numerical simulation that the casting speed affected the position significantly: the solidification end point moved backward 3 or 4m as the casting speed increased by 0.2m /min, while the casting temperature has little effect that the solidification end point moved backward only 0.2 or 0.25mm as it increased 6°C or 7°C.
Gas Analysis Based on Piezoelectric Sensor Array
Authors: Tong Min Ming , An Le Jian , Tang Shou Feng , Ren Zi Hui
Published: December 2011

A piezoelectric sensor array is introduced for the analysis of gas in mine. This sensor array is made of three different gas-sensitive piezoelectric sensors to detect an explosive gas mixture of methane, butane and hexane. The gas analysis is very important to reliable warning of explosion risk in mine. Because of cross sensing to gas for each sensor of sensor array, we use BP neural network in the artificial neural networks to process the sensing signal to get the concentration of methane, butane and hexane in the combustible gas mixture. Experimental results show that the analysis error is less than 5% and meets the requirements of safety monitoring.