bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SPECIES ON EGG QUALITIES OF POULTRY BIRDS
Authors: Atte P. O. , Isaac M. , Isyaku O. S. , Olaiya S. A. , Lawal A. N. , Olaniyan O.
Published: December 2024

The effect of species on eggs qualities of poultry birds was investigated. Fifteen eggs each of village chicken, commercial chicken, ducks and turkey eggs were sourced within Kabba town. External qualities of eggs determined were; egg weight, shell weight, % shell, egg shape and shell thickness and internal qualities determined were; yolk weight, albumen weight, % yolk, % albumen, yolk - albumen ratio, albumen height and haught unit using standard procedures and methods. Turkey eggs showed the highest mean weight (84.30g), while village chicken showed the lowest mean egg weight of 55.37g. The shell weight was highest for turkey (10.12g), this was similar to duck (9.55g), while local chicken had the least shell weight (6.48g).Commercial chicken had the least % egg shell. Turkey and duck shell thickness was significantly higher than that of village and commercial chicken. Turkey had the highest egg shape value while the local chicken had the least .The Yolk and albumen weight a were highest for turkey and least for local chicken. The proportion of yolk was highest for duck (32.18%) and lowest for local (24.27%). Albumen Percent was highest for exotic chicken (49.88%) but least for duck (44.55%). Haugh unit was highest for turkey and least for local chicken. It was concluded that species had effect on both external and internal qualities of eggs. However, the egg qualities mean values were majorly higher for turkey and duck. It was recommended that turkey and duck eggs can be widely consume like the common chicken eggs.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL THREONINE ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE, BONE MORPHOMETRY AND BONE MINERALS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Sorunke A. O. , Makanjuola B. A. , Omodewu I. A.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplemental threonine on the performance, physiological response, bone morphometry and bone minerals of Arbor Acres broiler chickens. One hundred and sixty (160) unsexed birds were randomly divided into four treatments. Each treatment had 4 replicates with each replicate having 10 birds. Thr1 (0 mg/kg), Thr2 (250 mg/kg), Thr3 (500 mg/kg) and Thr4 (750 mg/kg). Growth performance, physiological and bone health parameters were collected using standard protocols. Thr3 resulted in higher (P<0.05) final weight (2397.56g) compared to Thr1 (2322.08g), Thr2 (2327.04g) and Thr4 (2302.93g). Rectal temperature in Thr1 (42.76 0C) was significantly elevated (P<0.05) compared to Thr2 (42.58 0C), Thr3 (42.55 0C) and Thr4 (42.58 0C). Elevated respiratory rate (101.94 breaths/minute) and heart rate (216.92 beats/minute) were observed in Thr4. All bone minerals were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in Thr3. Density of the right femur in Thr2 (1.05) was higher (p<0.05) than that of Thr1 (0.09). Seedor index was also higher (p<0.05) in Thr1 (0.21) compared to Thr2 (0.18), Thr3 (0.17) and Thr4 (0.19). Thickness of left posterior epiphysis was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in Thr2 (11.10mm) compared to Thr3 (14.62mm) and Thr4 (15.04mm). The right anterior epiphysis was also influenced (p<0.05), Thr3 (13.00mm) and Thr4 (12.82mm) were thicker than Thr1 (8.46mm). The right posterior epiphysis had it width thicker (p<0.05) in Thr3 (16.07mm) compared to Thr1 (12.24mm). The study concluded that supplementing threonine at 500mg in diet of broilers improved the physiological status of the birds which in turn enhanced growth, thermo-response and bone health.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED RABBIT DOES (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) FED DIETARY ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ibiwoye K. O. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Abdulrashid M. , Daudu O.
Published: December 2024

Effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation was investigated on reproductive performance of crossbred rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a 13-week feeding trial. A total of 30 mature rabbit does of 18 to 20 weeks old with average weight of 2.75 kg were used. Ascorbic acid was included in the diets of the rabbits at levels of 0 (control), 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg feed. The rabbits were randomly allotted to the diets (n=6 rabbits/treatments and housed individually. All data were subjected to general linear model while the significant differences in means were separated using pairwise-difference. The Results showed that rabbit does fed dietary ascorbic acid supplementation (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg diet) had significantly (P<0.05) higher litter size (6.25-8.29 vs. 4.48-6.00) and litter weight (400.00-5850.33 g vs. 300.00-3870.50 g) than their counterparts fed the control diet. However, does fed dietary ascorbic acid supplementation had significantly (P<0.05) lower total kit mortality (14.58, 20.53, 13.77 vs. 27.28%) compared to their counterparts fed the control diet. The Results of this study suggest that feed grade ascorbic acid supplementation at 200, 300 and 400 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet could improve litter performance of rabbit does.
INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (SIAM WEED) LEAF EXTRACT ON THE PERFORMANCE, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Yahaya M. O. , Awodola-Peters O. O. , Bolarinwa M. O. , Saka A. A. , Lamidi B. K. , Adajah A. G.
Published: December 2024

A 42-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aqueous Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) leaf extract (ACOLE) on the growth performance, immunology and histological indices of broiler chickens. A total of 200 day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four (4) treatment groups consisting of five (5) replicates of 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Aqueous COLE was administered in their water served on daily basis at 0, 5, 10 and 15mL/L to represent four treatment groups; T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. At the end of the study, data were collected on growth performance, blood samples were collected at day 0, 12 and 42 to conduct immunological assessment of the birds and samples of the intestine and liver were collected for histological evaluation. All data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The Results obtained showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences on all growth parameters evaluated except in feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Birds in T2 had the best FCR values (1.95). Administration of ACOLE had no significant influence (P>0.05) on immunological indices of broiler chickens for day 0 and day 42 but there was significant difference on day 12. The immunity (3.00 – 4.00) of the birds increased as ACOLE inclusion levels decreased. ACOLE had effect (P<0.05) on the histopathologicalindices observed in this study, ACOLE had some considerable level of protective effect on the liver with no negative influence on the intestine except for those on T4, (15mL/L ACOLE) where atrophy of villi, necrosis and cystic dilation of crypts was observed. Conclusively, the administration of 5mL/L ACOLE had the best FCR and posed a considerable level of protective effect on the liver sampled across the treatment groups.
EFFECTS OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA) FRUIT EXTENDER ON CRYOPRESERVED SEMEN OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: Ibraheem O. T. , Daramola J. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extender on cryopreserved semen and its fertility using two cryoprotocols in inseminated WAD goats. Semen samples were collected with the aid of artificial vagina from four intact, intensively managed WAD bucks of ages 2 to 3 years and ejaculates were pooled for uniformity. Semen samples were thereafter diluted at 32oC with Tris date palm. fruit extender (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL) and subjected to slow and rapid freezing methods for 72 hours. Progressive sperm motility, livability and abnormalities were determined from cryopreserved semen samples. The experiment was laid out in a 2×5 factorial arrangement of two levels of cryoprotocol (slow and rapid freezing) and five inclusion levels of date palm fruit extender (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mL) using a Completely Randomized Design and mean separation was done using Duncan multiple range test. Results showed that progressive sperm motility of the cryopreserved semen was higher (P<0.05) in slow freezing method compared to rapid freezing method. Total abnormalities were reduced (P<0.05) with slow freezing. The inclusion levels of date fruit extender did not significantly (P>0.05) influence sperm functional attributes of WAD bucks. The highest (p<0.05) progressive sperm motility was recorded in 10 mL inclusion of date palm fruit extender under slow freezing (SF), followed by 0 mL of slow freezing and 5 mL of rapid freezing. The study concluded that slow freezing method improved and sustained progressive sperm motility of the cryopreserved semen.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS CRUDE EXTRACTS OF AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA SEED POWDER) AND TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA PULP) AMELIORATES COLD-STRESS IN BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Makeri H. K. , Kawu M. A. , Gana M. A. , Aminu M. R. , Abdullahi A. , Aminu I.
Published: December 2024

Low environmental temperature alters behaviour and physiologic responses leading to low productivity in poultry. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of orally administered aqueous crude extracts of Persea americana and Tamarindus indica in broiler chickens during cold season. Twenty-eight, 3-week old Arbor acres mixed sex broiler chickens were used. Seven broiler chickens were assigned each to Cg (control), TA (20% avocado aqueous extract), TB (20% aqueous tamarind extract) and TC (20% aqueous avocado extract + 20% aqueous tamarind extract). The treatmentswere administered as sole  drinking water while the control received plain water. Thermal environmental data during the study period were measured, using a dry and wet bulb thermometer and relative humidity using a table, while the temperature humidity index was calculated. Cloacal temperature and blood samples were collected on days 28, 35 and 42 of the experimental periods. The Results show that the experimental period was thermally stressful (cold stress). Mean cloacal temperatures of broiler chickens in all the treatment groups were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (41.0 - 42.3°C) than those in control group (41.0 – 41.4°C) on days 28, 35 and 42. The heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio, pack cell volume, heamoglobin, total protein, total white blood cell, total red blood cell, weight gained were higher (P > 0.05) in treatment groups compared to control group. It was concluded that aqueous extracts of Persea americana and Tamarindus indica singly or in combination ameliorated cold-stress and improved broiler performance during cold-dry season
SEMEN QUALITY AND TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN MALE RABBITS FED CARICA PAPAYA LEAF MEAL
Authors: Adeyemi A. A. , Haastrup A. M. , Alake O. O. , Aramide I. L. , Oguntola O.
Published: December 2024

Unconventional feedstuff such as Carica papaya leaf remains a relatively cheap alternate ingredient in animal feed. However, its impact on reproductive indices in farm animals have not been extensively documented. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of Carica papaya leaf meal on libido, semen quality and testosterone concentration in rabbit bucks. Twenty- four mature male rabbits were used for this study. The bucks were randomly allotted into four groups (CLM0, CLM5, CLM10 and CLM15) with six rabbits each and fed diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 150g of Carica papaya per kg of diet respectively for eight weeks. Libido score and semen quality was assessed weekly while serum levels of testosterone were measured at the end of the experiment using standard procedures. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Result showed that Carica papaya leaf meal had no significant effect on libido score, semen quality indices and testosterone concentration in the rabbit bucks. However, semen volume and sperm concentration were lower in bucks fed CLM diets. The highest libido score and testosterone concentration were recorded in rabbits fed 10% CLM while rabbits fed diets with no CLM had the highest semen volume and sperm concentration. Sperm concentration decreased with increasing CLM level. This implies that feedingadult male rabbits diets containing Carica papaya leaf meal may depress spermatogenic activities over a period as the dietary level increases.
PROXIMATE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF FUNCTIONAL FRUIT JUICE FLAVOURED YOGHURT MADE FROM BOVINE MILK
Authors: Ibhaze G. A.
Published: December 2024

Yoghurt is a highly relished dairy product with wide global acceptance. In the production of yoghurt, synthetic flavourants are often used in improving its taste and flavour, however, this has created a lot of health concerns to the consumers. This study was conducted to investigated the quality of yoghurt produced using fruit juices as natural flavourants. Fresh cow’s milk was pasteurized at 80 oC for 3 minutes. The milk was thereafter cooled to 42 oC for inoculation. Reconstituted commercial strawberry flavour (T1) (synthetic flavour as control), fruit [coconut (T2), orange (T3) and pineapple (T4)] juices were added at 200mL in 1L each of the inoculated milk and incubated at 43 oC for 14 hours, and refrigerated for 14 days. The yoghurt samples were evaluated for physical and microbiological qualities at days 1, 7 and 14. Treatment effect indicated that moisture (84.27%), carbohydrate (9.66%) were highest in (T1) at day 1. Sample T4 had the highest fat (4.64%) and protein (6.83%) contents. It was generally observed that the microbial load count for yoghurt samples were at optimum (266.3-291.7 x103 cfu/mL) at day 1 of storage. The nutritional quality of yoghurt significantly (p<0.05) improved and microbial count observed was lower than the maximum international standard suggesting its wholesomeness for consumption.
PROXIMATE AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SOYA BEAN CHEESE COAGULATED WITH ALUM AND LIME
Authors: Oyinlola O. O. , Oshibanjo D. O. , Olagoke D. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out at the Animal Health and Production Department, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State. Alum and lime were used as coagulants for soya beans cheese. The sensory evaluation showed that (cheese processed with Sodom apple) T1 and (soyabean cheese coagulated with alum) T3 had the same value (8.00) and (soyabean cheese coagulated with lime)T2 (3.00) had the lowest value of (3.00) for colour. T1 and T3 had the same value of 5.00 with T1 having the highest value of 7.00 for flavour. T1, T2 and T3, had the same values in texture. T1 and T3 had the same values (6.00) with the highest value of 8.00 in of T2 for tenderness. The ether extract of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other with T1 having the highest value of 37.04.The moisture content were also significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. It is recommended that lime can be used in coagulating cheese for commercial purpose. It could be concluded that alum and lime are good for coagulating soya beans cheese
FEED INTAKE, MILK YIELD AND MILK TOTAL SOLIDS OF RED SOKOTO GOATS FED GRADED LEVELS OF DRIED TIGERNUT (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L.)
Authors: Onyemaechi U. C. , Aladi N. O. , Okeudo N. J. , Ibeawuchi J. A.
Published: December 2024

The influence of diets containing graded levels of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L) on feed intake, yield and total solids content of milk of Red Sokoto goat were evaluated in this study using four does in their mid-lactation stage. The does were fed diets (A, B, C and D) containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% tiger nut (TGN) in a 4x4 Latin Square arrangement. Feed intake and milk yield were measured daily and the milk samples were also analyzed for total solids (%). The results showed that feed intake and milk yield of goats that were fed 10% and 20% tiger nut diets were higher (P<0.05) than those fed 0% and 30% tiger nut diets (P<0.05). Total solids (%) of milk was not influenced by inclusion of tiger nutin the diets (P>0.05). It was  therefore concluded that up to 20% inclusion level tiger nut can be made in the diet of lactating does to improve milk production
SENSORY AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF YOGHURT FORTIFIED WITH PINEAPPLE JUICE
Authors: Olusola O. O. , Durosinmi C. O. , Ajibade J. F. , Ajayi D. A.
Published: December 2024

Yoghurt is a coagulated milk product obtained by controlled fermentation of lactose in milk by the action of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles. Improvement of the sensory characteristics of yoghurt has been accessed with sucrose to enhance sweetness, cream to provide smoother texture with limited information on the use of fruit juices. This study was therefore carried out to access the effect of fruit (pineapple juice) on the taste and flavor of yoghurt. Yoghurt was prepared with ripe cayenne pineapple juice incorporated at different levels; T1: 0% (Plain yoghurt), T2: 0% (2% synthetic flavour), T3: 5%, T4: 10% and T5: 15%. Yoghurt samples were analyzed for proximate and nutritional composition as well as sensory properties. Yoghurt with 15% pineapple juice had the lowest fat (5.19%) and pH (4.05) values and was significantly different (p< 0.05) from other treatments. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) in the mean values of crude protein, fats and ash of the yoghurt samples. Crude protein, fats and ash values were significantly different (p< 0.05). Crude fibre values for 5, 10 and 15% were not significantly different (p>0.05) from each other but 15% pineapple juice yoghurt had the highest crude fibre value (0.19%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean values for odour, colour and texture of yoghurt samples while 15% pineapple juice yoghurt had the highest score for taste (5.10). Graded levels of pineapple juice had an impact on the proximate and nutritional compositions, and also the sensory properties of yoghurt.
EFFECT OF LEMON JUICE (CITRUS LIMON) ON ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF CHICKEN FILET
Authors: Adisa A. A. , Mwanret J. K. , Adediran O. A. , Johnson S. M. , Oyinlola O. O. , Izang A. I. , Oshibanjo D. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of lemon juice on quality of chicken fillets. Chicken fillets were assigned to five treatment groups of lemon juice extract (LJE), at different inclusion levels and a control group. Treatment 1 to 5 received 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0% and 10.0% lemon juice extract (LJE) respectively. All treatments were sun-dried before they were kept in a Ziploc bags and analysis was done at interval of 1st month, 2nd month and 3rd month. The parameters evaluated were pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and oxidative rancidity (OR). The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the physiochemical properties. Chicken fillet had the highest pH in control (6.20), WHC (75.00%), and OR (2.07mg/kg). As the lemon juice inclusion level increases, there was a reduction in pH with lowest value of pH (5.97) at 8.00%, WHC (68.33%) at 4.00% inclusion level, and oxidative rancidity (1.42mg/kg) at 10.00% inclusion level. Physicochemical quality of chicken fillet was affected by storage duration for pH value, WHC and OR of chicken fillets. The pH (6.24) was higher in the second month and lower in the third month. WHC was recorded highest in the third month with (84.17%) and lowest in the second month with (60.00%). While OR was recorded highest in the third month with (2.12 mg/kg) and lowest in the first month with (1.51 mg/kg). The study concludes that lemon juice extract provides antioxidant benefits to chicken fillet during storage.
EFFECT OF SALT TYPES ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY AND SENSORIAL PROPERTIES OF KILISHI
Authors: Adeyemi K. D.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the impact of salt types on cholesterol oxides, lipid oxidation, protein oxidation and sensorial quality of Kilishi. Kilishi was made from sundried slices of Semitendinosus muscles, and infusion mixture containing either 2.20% NaCl, T-1; 1.10% NaCl + 1.10% Monosodium glutamate (MSG), T-2; 1.10% KCl + 1.10 %MSG, T-3; 1.10% C6H5K3O7 + 1.10% MSG, T-4, or 2.20% MSG, T-5. T-1 Kilishi had greater Na content (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. Total cholesterol oxides and 25-hydroxycholesterol were higher in T-1 and T-2 compared with other treatments. Malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents and sensory properties did not differ among the treatments. The substitution of NaCl with KCl, MSG and C6H5K3O7 reduced sodium content and total cholesterol oxides without compromising the sensorial quality of Kilishi.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GUSTOR BP70R ON SENSORY AND MEAT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Adetola O.O. , Adewumi M.O. , Oyebanji B.O. , Babatunde O.M.
Published: December 2024

The increase in demand for antibiotic-free livestock products and ban on antibiotic growth promoters necessitate the poultry feed industry to search for alternative means of enhancing growth in poultry species. Sodium butyrate is used as a source of butyric acid, which is known for its beneficial effects in the gut of monogastric animals. This study investigated sensory and meat quality attributes of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of Gustor BP70R. Ninety- six (96) day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four (4) treatments of twenty-four (24) chicks per group which were replicated thrice to contain eight birds each. The dietary treatments were formulated to include Gustor BP70R at 0g, 0.20g, 0.30g and 0.40g as control (T1), T2, T3 and T4 respectively in a completely randomized design. At the end of the feeding trials, three birds were randomly selected per treatment, slaughtered, then the carcasses were weighed, recorded and used for sensory properties and meat quality attributes. Data obtained were subjected to one- way analysis of variance. Result for sensory properties revealed no significant (P<0.05) in appearance for breast muscle, appearance and taste for drumstick while thigh muscle showed no significance in all parameters investigated. However, for meat quality attributes, significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in thermal shortening cold shortening and chilling loss across the treatment among all carcass parameter evaluated. In conclusion, diets with inclusion of 0.40g of Gustor BP70R enhances sensory and meat quality attributes of broiler chickens.
EFFECTS OF SODIUM BENZOATE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF YOGHURT IN KANO METROPOLIS
Authors: Mohammed A. , Inusa S. K. , Salihu A. A.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of yoghurt prepared from raw milk preserved with sodium benzoate at varying levels and stored for 7 days under ambient temperature. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design. The result of physicochemical analysis shows that the pH, protein, moisture, lactose, total solids, fat, solids- not -fat and ash were significantly (p<0.05) different across all the treatment during the storage period. In addition, the result also shows that the pH, moisture and protein values decrease with increase in storage period in yoghurt. While total solids, ash, titratable acidity, lactose, solids-not-fat and density increased indicating addition of sodium benzoate in the yoghurt and reduce rate of deterioration and enhances its shelf life. The Aerobic Mesophilic Mean Bacterial Count of yoghurt prepared using milk preserved with sodium benzoate at 0, 150, 200 and 250mg/l respectively indicate that there is decrease in number of aerobic mesophilic mean bacterial with increase in sodium benzoate at day 1. Furthermore mean value of 2.61×10-6 to 4.0×10-6cfu/ml was also recorded across the treatments at day 3, showing that presence of sodium benzoate reduces microbial count. Furthermore, only treatment 1 recorded value of 5.26×10-7 cfu/ml at day 7 which is an increased in microbial count indicating absent of sodium benzoate. No pathogenic microbes were detected. It is recommended that addition of sodium benzoate to yoghurt enhances the shelf life of the products as well as reducing the bacterial count at ambient temperature.
EFFECT OF SORGHUM MEAL-BASED CONCENTRATE ON MILK YIELD, MILK COMPOSITION AND CHEESE WEIGHT OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT AT EARLY LACTATION
Authors: Talabi F. M. , Emmanuel P. O. , Jimoh A. A. , Adewumi O. O. , Kaseun E.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of sorghum meal-based concentrate on milk yield, milk composition, and cheese weight at early lactation of West African Dwarf Goat. A total of Fourteen (14) West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats with initial live weight ranging from 12 to 24kg in their third and fourth parity were divided into two groups; a control group (maize) and a treatment group (Sorghum) four weeks. All data obtained were analyzed using T-test The study findings suggest that sorghum meal-based concentrate can be a useful strategy to improve milk yield and quality at early lactation of West African Dwarf goats, with potential benefits for cheese product
IMPACT OF TURMERIC-GARLIC-GINGER POWDER AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ON CHOLESTEROL, TRIACYLGLYCEROL, HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS AND LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS OF RABBIT MEAT
Authors: Ademolue R. O. , Sanwo K. A. , Sobayo R. A. , Ayo-Ajasa O. Y. , Okanlawon E. O.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Tr), garlic (Ga), ginger (Gn) powder and their combinations on cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density and low density lipoproteins of rabbit meat. Forty-eight weaner rabbits (8 weeks) were randomly allotted into eight dietary groups designated T1 to T8 in a completely randomized design. T1 contained 0% phytobiotic, T2, T3 and T4 contained 0.6% Tr, Ga and Gn powder respectively, T5, T6 and T7 contained combination of 0.3% each of Tr+Ga, Tr+Gn and Ga+Gn while T8 contained 0.2% each of the three. Data were collected on cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL and LDL. There was an increase in cholesterol concentration associated with feeding phytobiotic blends in 3gGaGn (65.40 mg/g) when compared to Control and 6gTr meat samples where a reduced values of 37.70 and 44.53 were recorded. However, meat samples from 3gTrGa had elevated triacylglycerol of 183.30 while Control, 6gTr, 6gGa and 6gGn had comparable reduced values (66.87, 107.57, 100.70 and 110.77 respectively). Data pooled for HDL showed significant (p< 0.01) increase in 3gTrGa (40.65) and 3gGaGn (41.10) while 6gTr and 6gGn groups recorded minimal value of 25.27 and 27.20 HDL respectively. Elevated LDL concentration was recorded in 3gTrGa (23.27mg/g) as compared to Control (9.87), 6gTr (10.87) and 3gTrGn (10.47) where a comparable lower LDL were recorded. It was concluded that dietary phytobiotics improved rabbit meat quality and 6g turmeric is recommended for lower meat cholesterol while combinations (turmeric and or garlic) at 3g will increase the nutritional composition, evident with higher HDL.
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS FED HIGH-QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL MEAL SUPPLEMENTED DIET
Authors: Akinsola K. L. , Onabanjo R. S. , Udorji F. I. , Nwadiuto C. C.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at evaluating the haematological indices and serum biochemistry of finisher broiler chickens fed high-quality cassava peel meal. A total of 160-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were sourced from a reputable hatchery in Ibadan, Oyo State. The birds were randomly weighed and assigned into four dietary treatment groups supplemented with HQCP at 150, 200 and 250kg/ton of feed, each replicated four times with ten birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. Results shows that the haematological indices of birds fed high-quality cassava peel meal had significant (P<0.05) differences in Red blood cell (RBC), Packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb). Birds fed diet 2(150 kg HQCP/ton) and diet 3 (200kg HQCP/ ton) had the highest values for RBC, PCV and Hb (3.26 x106/mm3, 3.19%, and 13.07g/dl) and (28.0 x106/mm3, 27.67%, and 13.27g/dl), respectively. They are significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of birds on diet1(Control) and diet4(250kg HQCP/ton). However, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences across the treatment groups for white blood cell. The serum biochemistry revealed that total protein of birds fed diet 3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed diets 1 and diet 4 respectively. The result of the Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), and Bilirubin shows no significant (P>0.05) differences across the treatment groups. The result of the total cholesterol shows that birds fed diets 3 and 4 were not significantly different from each other but they were significantly lower than others. Therefore, cassava peels can replace maize at 150kg –250kg/ton inclusion level without any detrimental effect on the hematological parameters, and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens.
EFFECT OF IN OVO INJECTION OF LYSINE AND METHIONINE ON HATCHING TRAITS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GUINEA FOWL
Authors: Idowu O.P.A O. P. A. , Adeyeye E. A. , Kareem D. U. , Iyanda A. I. , Amos O. S. E. , Rotimi A. T. , Sogunle O. M. , Idowu O. M. O.
Published: December 2024

A study was aimed to examine the effect of in ovo injection of lysine and methionine on Guinea fowl hatching traits and growth performance. Fertile eggs (n=300) were sourced from a reputable breeder farm and fumigated, weighed, and incubated. Dead embryos were removed, and living embryos were redistributed into treatment groups of control, de-ionized water, lysine, methionine, and a combination of lysine and methionine. The injection was performed on the 25th day of embryonic development, and the eggs were returned to the incubator within 30 minutes. Keets were managed intensively and starter and grower diets were provided. The Lysine injection resulted in the highest hatchability (72.5%) while Control had the highest dead in shell and weak in shell (20, and 15%, respectively). Lysine + Methionine injection resulted in the highest final body weight (1077.5g), weight gain (898.75g), and the best feed conversion ratio (2.33 %). The Feed intake was lowest (2094.75g) for lysine + methionine. It was concluded that in ovo injection of 10 mg/0.5 ml, lysine positively impacted hatchability, and methionine, alone or with lysine, enhanced growth.
EFFECT OF PALM OIL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM LIPID PROFILE OF BROILER BIRDS FED NOODLE BASED DIETS
Authors: Yakubu S. T. , David J. , Olugbemi T. S.
Published: December 2024

An eight-week feeding trial using 240 5-day-old Hubbard flex broiler chicks was conducted to assess the effect of feeding graded levels of indomie noodle waste (INW) diets containing palm oil on heamatological parameters and serum lipid profile of birds. Birds were allotted five treatments containing three replicates having sixteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Five diets were compounded containing indomie noodle waste at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacing maize in the diets with palm oil deceasing as INW inclusion increased in the diets. Feed and water provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from severed jugular veins of two birds per replicate and subjected to laboratory analysis for Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Triglyceride (TG). Results showed that increase in INW in the diets of broilers tend to increase total cholesterol and triglyceride, favors high density lipoproteins, and lowered values for low density lipoproteins though there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) across the treatments. Broiler diets can contain INW up to 50% as to control elevations in values of TC and TG.
SENSORY EVALUATION OF MEAT OBTAINED FROM BROILER CHICKEN FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH MINT (MENTHA PIPERITA) AND SCENT (OCIMUM GRATISSIUM) LEAF MEALS
Authors: Ademidun O. , Sodamola M. O. , Apiakason E. , Oladeji D. D. , Clement O. O. , Tiamiyu O. D.
Published: December 2024

In the livestock industry, the restrictions on the non-therapeutic use antibiotics have prompted the investigation of natural growth promoters (NGPs) to enhance animal performance without adverse effects. Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and mint leaf (Mentha piperta) have garnered attention as potential NGPs .However, the synergistic effects of these leaves and their impact on broiler production remain insufficiently explored. One hundred and sixty 4-week old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments and four replicates of ten birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four experimental diets were formulated. Diet 1, which was designated as control with no leaf meal supplementation, diet 2 has 2.5g/kg Mentha piperita leaf meal (MPLM)+ 2.5g/kg Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal (OGLM), diet 3 has 5.0g/kg MPLM+ 5.0g/kg OGLM while diet 4 has 7.5g/kg MPLM + 7.5g/kg OGLM . The experiment lasted for 28days. Sensory assessment of broiler breast meat was conducted using a quantitative descriptive analytical scale with semi-trained panelists, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed significant differences in colour, flavour, texture, and overall acceptability among treatment groups, particularly favoring broilers fed diets with higher levels of MPLM and OGLM. Despite this, no significant differences were in tenderness and juiciness. These findings suggest that incorporating MPLM and OGLM into broiler diets positively affects sensory attributes. In conclusion, MPLM and OGLM as natural growth promoters in broiler diet of 7.5g/kg MPLM + 7.5g/kg OGLM exhibiting promising outcomes in terms of sensory evaluation.
ILEAL PHOSPHORUS DIGESTIBILITY IN BROILER CHICKENS FED LOW CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PHYTASE AND CHOLECALCIFEROL
Authors: Ilaboya I. I. , Imouokhome J. I. , Iyayi E. A.
Published: December 2024

A total of 125 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens fed broiler starter till day 20 were used to investigate the effect of low calcium and phosphorus diets supplemented with phytase and cholecalciferol. On day 21, the chicks were weighed and allotted to 5 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 birds each in a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised a positive control (PC, T1) without cottonseed meal (CSM) and four CSM-based semi-purified diets, negative control (NC, T2), NC+vitamin D3-10,000 IU/Kg (T3), NC+phytase (T4) and NC+phytase+vitamin D3 (T5). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) (5 g/Kg) was included as marker. Between days 25 and 27 post-hatch, samples of fresh excreta were collected once daily from each cage. On day 28, the birds were asphyxiated using carbon (IV) oxide and the birds dissected to obtain digesta from the distal two-third of the ileum. All data were analysed using the GLM procedure in SAS. On day 28, the remaining birds were killed and digesta from the 2/3rd of the ileum collected. Digestible P was significantly (P<0.05) improved for birds on T5 when compared with the other four diets. Digestible P in T4 did not differ (P>0.05) from the birds on T1. Ileal digestible phosphorus (IDP) significantly (P<0.05) reduced with a corresponding increase in the percentage apparent phosphorus digestibility (APD) in T3, while T4 and T5 did not differ from T1 in the two parameters. It can be concluded that phytase and vitamin D3 supplementation on cottonseed meal improved digestible P in broiler chickens.
INFLUENCE OF PHYTOBIOTICS BLEND (TURMERIC, GARLIC, GINGER AND CLOVE) ON COOK LOSS, WATER ABSORPTIVE POWER, CHILLING LOSS AND COLOUR OF RABBIT MEAT
Authors: Okanlawon E. O. , Bello K. O. , Akinola O. S. , Adeola A. A. , Ademolue R. O.
Published: December 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural feed additives on meat quality of rabbit. A total of forty eight (48) 7-8 weeks old crossbreed rabbits were used to determine the influence of phytobiotics blend (turmeric, garlic, ginger and clove) on rabbit meat quality. The rabbits were allocated into two treatments. T1-24 rabbits fed diet without blend and T2- 24 rabbits fed mash diets with 10g inclusion of phytobiotics blend in a one way analysis of variance arrangement. Data collected on cook Loss, water absorptive power, chilling loss and colour and were analyzed using analysis of variance. Significant (P<0.05) differences were obtained on meat colour A, B, A*and B*. Rabbits fed the blend-containing diet had the highest (P<0.05) value A (10.88), while those fed the diet without the blend-containing diet had the least value (9.43). The blend-containing diet-fed rabbits had the highest (P<0.05) B (8.42) value, while the blend-free diet-fed rabbits had the lowest value (7.42). Highest (P<0.05) A* (11.91) value was recorded with rabbits fed diet containing the blend whereas those fed diet without the inclusion of the blend had the least value (10.37). Rabbits fed the blend-containing diet had the highest (P<0.05) B* (10.21) value, while those fed the diet without the blend had the lowest value (9.15). In conclusion feeding diet containing phytobiotic blend had positive effect on cook Loss, water absorptive power, chilling loss and colour of rabbit meat. Therefore it is recommended to feed rabbit with diet containing phytobiotic blend in order improve the meat quality.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF PULLETS FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED BOVINE BLOOD-RUMEN CONTENT MIXED WITH DISCARDED VEGETABLE (AMARANTHUS SPP)
Authors: Iyanda A. I. , Idowu K. R. , Adeyeye E. A. , Idowu O. P. A. , Adegoke A. V. , Odutayo O.  J. , Adeyemo A. A. , Sogunle O. M. , Balogun O. O.
Published: December 2024

Increasing cost of feed and feedstuff in poultry industry request for least-cost diet formulation without compromising the nutritional quality of the diet and health status of birds. A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the haematology and serum biochemistry of pullet chicks fed enzyme (Rovabio) supplemented Bovine blood-rumen content and discarded vegetable (Amaranthus spp) meal (BBRVM). A total of 720-day-old dominant black strain pullet chicks were assigned to ten (10) dietary treatment of three replicates. BBRVM was used with or without enzyme (20g/100kg diet) to replace soyabean meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Data obtained were arranged in a 2 x 5 experimental layout in a completely randomised design. Significant means were separated (P<0.05) using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test as contained in SAS. White blood cell significantly (P<0.05) increased from 28.25cumm2x103 (0% BBRVM) to 32.27cumm2x103 (100% BBRVM). Lymphocytes decreased (P<0.05) from 79.33% (0% BBRVM) to 74.33% (100% BBRVM). Highest (P<0.05) monocytes (0.13%) and basophil (0.69 %) were obtained for birds fed 100% BBRVM. Serum total protein varied significantly (P<0.05) from 38.70g/l (25% BBRVM) to 47.15g/l (75% BBRVM). Birds fed diet containing enzyme supplemented BBRVM recorded the highest (P<0.05) total protein (43.22g/l) while those fed diet without enzyme supplementation had lowest value (39.54 g/l). This study reveals BBRVM based diets fed pullet chicks had no deleterious effect on their health status.
EVALUATION OF AVERAGE MILK YIELD OF BUNAJI COWS IN RAINY AND DRY SEASONS IN IGBOORA, OYO STATE.
Authors: OKUNLOLA O. O. , ADEOYE M. A.
Published: December 2024

The objective Of this study is to evaluate the average milk yield of bunaji cows in both rainy and dry seasons in Igboora, Oyo state. A total of twelve (12) lactating cows kept under traditional management system were involved. Milk yield was measured in litres per cow for three times at four weeks' interval in rainy and dry seasons. Milk yield was influenced by both seasons. The average milk yield of the cow per day was I .38±0.45 in rainy season and 1.02±0.24 in the dry season.Cows that calved in the major rainy season had the best milk yield followed by those lactated in the minor rainy season and those during dry season had the least milk yield. Lactation length (month) was 7.92±1.01 during rainy season while that of dry season was 7.32±1 .04. Total milk yield (litres) throughout the study was 6.29±0.79 in rainy season while 2.61±0.31 was recorded during the dry season. It was observed in the study 40% of collected milk were consumed by the household while 60% was sold at the market by the women. The local cheese commonly called "wara" in the local dialect iS the only dairy product sold in this area. It could be concluded that lactating cows should be provided with supplementary feed in the rainy and mostly in dry seasons to increase milk yield.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER HYACINTH (Eicchornia crassipes) ENSILED WITH BREADFRUIT (Artocarpus altilis) AS FEED FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: ABEGUNDE T. O. , AKINROPO T. F. , AKANDE T. O. , OGUNYEMI E. K.
Published: December 2024

Scarce forages and low digestibility are major challenges of dry season feeding of ruminants in the tropics. This can be overcome by conservation of forages through ensiling with unconventional and inexpensive materials containing high fermentable carbohydrates. Water hyacinth, an invasive water weed with high biomass yield was ensiled with graded levels of Breadfruit and assessed for its potential as a feed resource. Breadfruit was included in silages at 0% (control, T l); 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4) and 40% (T5) with sawdust added at a constant inclusion level of 10% to serve as absorbent. Proximate composition and silage quality assessment were determined after 30 days of ensiling. Results showed that dry matter (%) of silages ranged between 14.21 (T l ) and 28.44 (T4). Ash contents (g/100g) reduced (P<0.05) as breadfruit inclusion increased in the silage diets. Crude protein (g/100g) was higher (P<0.05) in Tl (12.03) than T5 (9.18) but was similar in T2, T3 and T4 (10.50, 10.72, 10.28) respectively. The appearance, odour and texture of the silages in T3-T5 had acceptable physical attributes while pH values ranged from 4.65 — 5.40. It was concluded that water hyacinth leaves and stem ensiled with breadfruit have potential as feed for ruminants in terms of nutritional and physico-chetnical attributes.
DETERMINATION OF PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN (Parkia biglobosa) FORAGE
Authors: AFOLAYAN M. , AFOLAYAN S. B. , MUHAMMAD M. A.
Published: December 2024

Locust bean förage (LBF) was evaluated for the pro.xilnate and antinutritional factors. the results of proximate analysis showed that LBF has high crude protein ( 16.23%), DM (90.05%) CF ( 21 .36%), low fats (0.68%), Ash ( 6.1 1) and soluble carbohydrate ( 55.62%). Anti — nutrients contents includes ; oxalates (4.02mg/100g). phytate ( 0.06mg/1 00g), trypsin ( 0.44,g/100g), saponin ( 2.80mg/100g), cyanide (l .60mg/100g), tannin ( 24. I Sing/ I ()0g) and alkaloid (6.701ng/100g). The values obtained for the proximate composition is an indication that LBF is a promising browse plants which could be fed to the grazing animals during the dry season, when fresh forages are scarce. However, further study needs to be carried out its safety inclusion in feeding trials.
ENHANCING RABBIT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS: EXPLORING FICUS EXASPERATA AS A POTENT FEED ADDITIVE
Authors: Okon U. M. , Essien C. A. , Ekpo J. S.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ficus exasperata as an additive on the performance and carcass traits of rabbits. A total of 36 mixed-breed rabbits were randomly distributed among four treatment groups, with each group comprising nine rabbits. Further, each group was replicated three times, with three rabbits constituting a replicate. Rabbits in Treatment 1 were fed a basal diet without any additive, while those in T2, T3, and T4 group received F. exasperata leaf meal at 3, 6, and 9 %, respectively. Results indicated that the inclusion of F. exasperata leaf meal in the diet significantly (P<0.05) affected both feed intake and weight gain of the rabbits. Rabbits in T4 group displayed the lowest (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio. As F. exasperata addition increased in the diet, there was a marked improvement (P<0.05) in carcass traits, signifying the animals' enhanced feed utilization. This study suggests that inclusion levels of up to 9 % can be fed to rabbits without adverse effects on the performance or carcass traits.
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO NIGERIAN PEARL MILLET TYPE AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DATES
Authors: AJAYI A. J.
Published: December 2024

The effect of sowing dates on yield and quality or t\V0 Nigerian pearl millet types was evaluated in 2 x3 factorial experiment arranged as a split plot with three blocks. The sowing dates formed the main plot factor while pearl millet types were assigned as the sub-plot factor. The two millet types were sown at 7-week intervals in May, July and September. Forage yield was estimated at boot stage and quality indices such as crude protein and crude fibre were determined through proximate composition. The result revealed that forage yield declined significantly with delayed sowing. Forage yield was not influenced significantly by millet types. The quality of forage as indicated by the crude protein shows only slight diilérence across the sowing date. The extended vegetative growth with early sown millet types does not inwact the quality of the millet negatively.
EFFECT OF STAGE OF GROWTH ON YIELD COMPONENTS OF TWO TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FORAGE LEGUMES IN JOS, NIGERIA
Authors: AKPENSUEN T. T. , AMODU J. T.
Published: December 2024

(Trifolium repens), Cook Stylo (Stylosanthes guainensis) and centrosema (Centrosema molle) forage legumes at different stages of growth in Jos, Nigeria. The experiment was arranged in 4 x4 Latin Square Design with four replicates. Yield components were measured at 3. 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks after sowing (WAS). The result showed that plant height was higher (P<0.()5) in C 111011e at all growth stages attaining 147.75 cm at 15WAS while T. pratense had the lowest value of 61.75 in 2016 cropping season. Leaf number was higher (P<0.05) in S. guainensis (132) in 2015 while T. repens had higher value of 221 at 15WAS in 2016 cropping season. There was decrease in leaf to stem ratio in all the treatments at all stages of growth meeasured. Soil cover was higher (P<0.05) in S.guianensis, reaching about 100% at 12 WAS in 2015 cropping season while T. repens had the highest value of 98% in 2016 cropping season at 15 WAS. It is therefore, concluded that the tropical forage legumes have the potential to accumulate more dry matter than the temperate forage legume species in Jos, Nigeria.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED GINGER, GARLIC AND MIXTURE OF GINGER AND GARLIC POWDER
Authors: Adomeh E. E. , Oshinbanjo D. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to examine the effect of ginger and garlic meal on the carcass characteristics of the broiler chicken. The carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed ginger, garlic and mixture of ginger and garlic powder was done at the end of the feeding trial. The one hundred and eighty (180) day-old broiler chicks was purchased from a reputable hatchery in South/West, Nigeria were used in the experiment. A total of 16 chickens was harvest, 4 from each 4 treatment were used for the experiment. The design of the experiments was completely randomized design (CRD). With T1 as the control, T2 Ginger, T3 Garlic and T4 Combination of Ginger and Garlic. Most of the carcass characteristics were in favour (p<0.05) of broilers fed T4 but closely followed by broilers fed T3 and T2. It is therefore recommended that T4 mixture of ginger and garlic powder could be included in their diet at 1:1 when combined, should be used for feeding broilers for good carcass yield) among others, to enhance the carcass characteristics of broiler chicken.