bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of transcriptome complexity in pig granulosa cells by long-read isoform sequencing
Authors: Li Shuxin , Wang Jiarui , Li Jiale , Yue Meihong , Liu Chuncheng , Ma Libing , Liu Ying
Published: May 2022

Background

In intensive and large-scale farms, abnormal estradiol levels in sows can cause reproductive disorders. The high incidence rate of reproductive disturbance will induce the elimination of productive sows in large quantities, and the poor management will bring great losses to the pig farms. The change in estradiol level has an important effect on follicular development and estrus of sows. To solve this practical problem and improve the productive capacity of sows, it is significant to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of estradiol synthesis in porcine granulosa cells (GCs). The most important function of granulosa cells is to synthesize estradiol. Thus, the studies about the complex transcriptome in porcine GCs are significant. As for precursor-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs), their post-transcriptional modification, such as alternative polyadenylation (APA) and alternative splicing (AS), together with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may regulate the functions of granulosa cells. However, the above modification events and their function are unclear within pig granulosa cells.

Methods

Combined PacBio long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) was conducted in this work for generating porcine granulosa cells’ transcriptomic data. We discovered new transcripts and possible gene loci via comparison against reference genome. Later, combined Iso-Seq data were adopted to uncover those post-transcriptional modifications such as APA or AS, together with lncRNA within porcine granulosa cells. For confirming that the Iso-Seq data were reliable, we chose four AS genes and analyzed them through RT-PCR.

Results

The present article illustrated that pig GCs had a complex transcriptome, which gave rise to 8,793 APA, 3,465 AS events, 703 candidate new gene loci, as well as 92 lncRNAs. The results of this study revealed the complex transcriptome in pig GCs. It provided a basis for the interpretation of the molecular mechanism in GCs.
Faith, culture and youth ministry in South Africa: The impact of traditional cultural practices on the faith formation of youth
Authors: Weber Shantelle
Published: May 2022

Postmodern youth are deeply spiritual. These youth sometimes do not even call themselves religious, yet at the root of their postmodern pluralism and relativism, they do have a deep hunger for God. It is for this reason that congregations need to do all possible to engage these youth, assisting them in their quest for faith and growth in that faith, but this has to be done in a responsible and effective way. This paper will explore the relationship that culture has in the faith formation of the youth. In this sense, it reflects on the church’s mission to young people as they wrestle with the tensions they may experience between faith and culture. Due to the diversity of culture and faith in South Africa, our attention is focussed on examples of traditional practices which involve youth from various African cultures. Theological reflection on the religious aspects of culture and society as well as the spiritual dimension of individual life is prioiritized.
Erlo Hartwig Stegen: Pioneer, missionary and revival preacher in an apartheid South Africa
Authors: Fleischmann Elfrieda Marie-Louise , Ferreira Ignatius W , Gouws Claudia , Muller Francois
Published: May 2022

As not much academic attention has been paid to the life and ministry of Erlo Hartwig Stegen (1935-present), his paper seeks to provide more insight into Erlo Stegen’s pioneering journey towards a self-sustainable protestant rural Zulu mission station, KwaSizabantu Mission, in an apartheid South Africa. Data was gleaned from interviews, documents, newsletters, reports and sermons. Thematic content analysis provided more insight into Stegen’s pioneering, missionary endeavours as well his journey towards an awakening among the Zulus. We argue that the missiological impact of Stegen’s ministry had benefitted the Zulu nation greatly.
Right Paraduodenal Hernia Causing Small Bowel Obstruction in an Adult with Down Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Thacker Shriya Himmat , Dholakia Mirat Manoj
Published: May 2022

Out of all internal hernias, Paraduodenal Hernia (PDH) is the variety but in PDH right sided one is not that common. In down syndrome, morgagni hernias are often seen as compared to right PDHs. This is a known case of down syndrome presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension since 2 days. Patient was surgically managed for the right PDH and later re-explored for adhesive intestinal obstruction on postoperative day 12 and later presented with small bowel obstruction symptoms due to adhesions and hence, relaprotomy for postoperative adhesive obstruction was performed. Right PDH is a rare entity encountered in down syndrome which makes it even rare.
Prediction of Gene Action, Heterosis and Combining Ability to Identify Superior GMS Based Hybrids in Asiatic Cotton (G. arboreum L.)
Authors: Verma S. K. , Paul Debashis , Goyal Shaifali , Singh Amarpreet , Sain S. K. , Kumar Rishi , Hassan Hamid
Published: May 2022

The nature of gene action and combining ability is valuable in determining whether heterosis is fixable or predictable. Thus, to know the nature of gene action of seed cotton yield and its components and fibre quality parameters, seventeen parents (15 males and two genetic male sterile lines) and 30 F1 crosses (genetic male sterility based) were evaluated in a line x tester mating design of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L). Sufficient variability among hybrids and their parents was found as the mean squares of genotypes for all the traits including fibre quality parameters investigated were significant. The total genetic variability was partitioned to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. GCA was significant for male parents HD-123, RG-270, CISA-59, CISA-64, CISA-65, CISA-66 and LD-694 for seed cotton yield (SCY); HD-123, RG-286 and DLSA-24 for bolls per plant; HD-123, CISA-59, PAIG-8/3, DLSA-9 and LD-694 for boll weight; female parent DS-5, male parents HD-123, RG-18, CISA-65, and PAIG-8/3 for ginning outturn (GOT%); RG--270, RG-286, PAIG-8/3, DLSA-9 and LD-694 for 2.5% span length (mm); RG-286, CISA-59, CISA-66, PAIG-8/3 and LD-694 for lower micronaire value having finenessand HD-400, RG-270, RG-286, RG-341 CISA-60, CISA-66, PAIG-8/3 and LD-694 for tenacity (g/tex) which were considered as good general combiners. Similarly among 30 cross combinations, SCA was positively significant for 10 crosses for seed cotton yield, 10 crosses for boll number, 10 crosses for boll weight, 9 crosses for GOT(%), 10 crosses for 2.5% span length and 8 crosses for fibre strength (gt/tex).Cluster III of yield attributing traits, consisted of 9 crosses ( C3, C6, C18, C20, C26, C22, C23, C24, C30, and C8) showed the highest average seed cotton yield where as Cluster II of fibre quality traits consisted of 3 crosses ( C2, C12, C15) showed highest average GOT(%) with highest tenacity (g/tex). Cross DS-5 x HD 123for SCY and bolls per plant, DS-5 x DLSA 9 for boll weight, DS-5 x CISA 65 for GOT % , CISA-2 x CISA 66 for lower micronaire value (fibre fineness) showed significant estimation of heterosis in desirable direction and could be further utilized in the future breeding programme for specific trait improvement.
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress from E-cigarette Exposure: Implications for COPD and Asthma
Authors: Hutchinson Amy , ElBagoury Marwan
Published: May 2022

Currently, little is known about the effects of e-cigarette use on chronic respiratory diseases, due to their relative novelty. This review compiles data on the cellular effects of e-cigarette use with population data on disease incidence to determine potential risk for COPD and asthma development, two of the most prevalent respiratory diseases. We searched the Google Scholar database for studies on e-cigarette exposure and levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in human cells and e-cigarette users, as well a population studies analyzing e-cigarette use and respiratory disease incidence. All reviewed studies found significant increases in inflammatory biomarkers, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, demonstrating a correlation between e-cigarette use and a pro-inflammatory affect. Our findings suggest e-cigarette vapor contains reactive oxygen species, and that exposure increases cellular oxidation and lowers antioxidant power. Every population study we reviewed found significant correlations between COPD and e-cigarette use, and asthma and e-cigarette use. These population studies cannot provide causational data, though the basic cellular data provides support for causative effects. Further research should investigate the link between the cellular and population data to identify causation and understand the impact of e-cigarette use on disease rates.
Structural Evaluation by the Finite‐Element Method of Hollow Microneedle Geometries for Drug Delivery
Authors: Henriquez Francisco , Morales-Ferreiro Jorge Osvaldo , Celentano Diego
Published: May 2022

Herein, the structural comparison, using the finite‐element method (FEM), of different designs of individual hollow microneedles (MNs) is exposed, that is, conical, pyramidal, traditional, and sting type, for use as a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). These configurations attract interest in fields such as pharmaceutics and medicine due to their efficiency, easy administration of drugs, and significant reduction in pain compared to the traditional use of hypodermic needles. For the structural analysis and comparison of the proposed designs, ANSYS FEM‐based software is used to simulate the insertion of an MN in the skin. The study and comparison are carried out under simulations of structural resistance, buckling analysis, and behavior in the MN–skin contact. The application forces are set according to the fracture resistance of the outside layer of the skin. A force of 0.16N for a conical MN is finally obtained as a critical application load to avoid a structural failure in the insertion of the MN in the human skin. Moreover, the use of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) is also assessed as a second biocompatible alternative due to both its easy handling for manufacture process and the resistance it presents in indentation simulations in which the applied force reaches 0.19N.
DNA‐Engineered Hydrogels with Light‐Adaptive Plasmonic Responses
Authors: Ryssy Joonas , Lehtonen Arttu J , Loo Jacky , Nguyen Minh‐Kha , Seitsonen Jani , Huang Yike , Narasimhan Badri Narayanan , Pokki Juho , Kuzyk Anton , Manuguri Sesha
Published: May 2022

Orientational control of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles is an attractive proposition to generate dynamic plasmonic responses. Particularly, the use of light as a stimulus to modulate the orientation is extremely useful owing to its spatiotemporal operative ability. This work showcases a light‐mediated approach to tune the orientational features of gold nanorods in DNA‐engineered hydrogel materials. The strategy relies on the use of visible‐light‐induced photothermal effects to cause deformation of the hydrogel matrix, resulting in temperature‐controlled polarization‐dependent optical responses whose anisotropy features are highly adaptive to the nature of DNA crosslinks. The visible‐light‐mediated approach showcased here can open novel avenues to create dynamic light‐responsive materials with reconfigurable plasmonic responses.
Stabilized Zn Anode Based on SO42– Trapping Ability and High Hydrogen Evolution Barrier
Authors: Chen Aosai , Zhao Chenyang , Guo Zhikun , Lu Xingyuan , Zhang Jiachi , Liu Nannan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing
Published: May 2022

Metallic zinc as a promising anode material of aqueous zinc ion batteries is always impeded by some irreversible issues, such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and parasitic reaction, which severely affect the cycling stability and coulombic efficiency. Herein, the membrane of SO42‐ receptors is constructed on the Zn anode (denoted SO42‐ receptors as SR). The SR acts as a sulfate ion receptor to capture SO42‐, the resulting negatively charged coating can effectively disperses Zn2+ to promote uniform deposition and enhance Zn2+ mobility to stabilize high‐current cycling, while the repulsion of free SO42‐ coupled with high Gibbs free energy for hydrogen evolution reaction (ΔGH*) of SR and SR‐SO42‐ can effectively suppress the formation of parasitic (ZnSO4)·(Zn(OH)2)3∙xH2O. Benefiting from this versatility, Zn anode can achieve an average coulombic efficiency of over 99% and superior cycling performance (10 000 cycles for 10mA cm‐2 and 450 cycles for 5 mAh cm‐2). Meanwhile, Zn@SR/α‐MnO2 full battery can maintain 91.7% residual capacity after 900 cycles under 1.0 A g‐1.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) Photosensitizer Combined Polydopamine Nanomaterials for Organelle‐Targeting Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy by the Recognition of Sialic Acid
Authors: Li Shuo , Chen Yuzhi , He Peinan , Ma Yufan , Cai Yajie , Hou Xinhui , Zhang Guoyang , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhuo
Published: May 2022

The construction of organelle‐targeting nanomaterials is an effective way to improve tumor imaging and treatment. Here, a new type of composite nanomaterial named as PTTPB is developed. PTTPB is composed of organelle‐targeting aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer TTPB and polydopamine nanomaterials. With the functional modification of TTPB, PTTPB can recognize sialic acid on the cell membrane and present mitochondrial targeted capabilities. The intake of PTTPB in cancerous cells can be increased by the recognition process of cell membrane. PTTPB can generate singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and present good photothermal conversion ability with irradiation. The PTTPB with organelle‐targeting imaging‐guided can realize the tumor ablation with the synergistic effect of PDT and photothermal therapy.
Stable Single‐Mode Lasing from a Hybrid Perovskite–Polymer Fiber
Authors: Wang Ting , Chen Weiqing , Loi Hok‐Leung , Gao Wei , Xu Xuhui , Zeng Longhui , Cheng Ping Kwong , Ahmed Safayet , Yu Xue , Zhao Feng , Qiu Jianbei , Yan Feng , Yu Siu Fung , Tsang Yuen Hong
Published: May 2022

Nanowire lasers are potential light sources that can be used in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for inter‐chip optical communication. However, due to the size incompatibility between a nanoscale laser and a micrometer‐scale optical waveguide, their integration within a PIC remains challenging. Here, an in situ growth strategy to directly construct perovskite nanolasers inside the long polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fibers is explored. As the perovskite nanolasers are embedded inside the PMMA fibers, effective coupling of lasing light to the PMMA fibers is expected. Furthermore, due to the protection of PMMA coating, the perovskite nanolasers exhibit high robustness in water and demonstrate significant improvement in photostability. Stable single‐mode and polarization operations are obtained at room temperature from the lasers with a low excitation threshold. Hence, these results pave the way to realize ultra‐stable perovskite‐based PICs suitable for inter‐chip optical communication.
The Chemistry of Cu3N and Cu3PdN Nanocrystals**
Authors: Parvizian Mahsa , Duràn Balsa Alejandra , Pokratath Rohan , Kalha Curran , Lee Seungho , Van den Eynden Dietger , Ibáñez Maria , Regoutz Anna , De Roo Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The precursor conversion chemistry and surface chemistry of Cu3N and Cu3PdN nanocrystals are unknown or contested. Here, we first obtain phase‐pure, colloidally stable nanocubes. Second, we elucidate the pathway by which copper(II) nitrate and oleylamine form Cu3N. We find that oleylamine is both a reductant and a nitrogen source. Oleylamine is oxidized by nitrate to a primary aldimine, which reacts further with excess oleylamine to a secondary aldimine, eliminating ammonia. Ammonia reacts with CuI to form Cu3N. Third, we investigated the surface chemistry and find a mixed ligand shell of aliphatic amines and carboxylates (formed in situ). While the carboxylates appear tightly bound, the amines are easily desorbed from the surface. Finally, we show that doping with palladium decreases the band gap and the material becomes semi‐metallic. These results bring insight into the chemistry of metal nitrides and might help the development of other metal nitride nanocrystals.
Conservation genetics study of huchen in Slovenia recommends river system‐based management and indicates self‐sustainability of the middle Sava population
Authors: Snoj Aleš , Bravničar Jernej , Zabric Daša , Sušnik Bajec Simona
Published: May 2022

The middle part of the Sava River in Slovenia provides one of the longest free‐flowing habitats for huchen, a threatened species that is also protected by the European Habitats Directive. However, there are plans for the construction of a chain of hydropower plants along this stretch of river. It has previously been assumed that huchen is no longer self‐sustainable here, but dependent upon stocking with hatchery‐reared fish.

Using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA, the genetic structure of huchen in its entire range in Slovenia was analysed with the particular aim of assessing the self‐sustainability of the species in the middle Sava.

Using factorial correspondence analysis and assignment tests, a distinct genetic cluster was identified for each of the three main river systems in the country (Sava, Kolpa and Mura–Drava). In the middle Sava, a genetic admixture between stocked and local individuals, observed beyond F1, and a unique genetic substructure not corresponding to the stocking sources, were found.

These results indicate the self‐sustainability of the middle Sava population and justify its protection. The estimated effective population size in the middle Sava is below the accepted minimum, and additional fragmentation arising from dam construction would cause the genetic breakdown of this huchen population.

To preserve local genetic pools and possible inter‐population adaptive differentiation, we recommend that the three, historically isolated, river system‐bound populations (from the Sava, Kolpa and Mura–Drava) are managed separately. However, separate management of the small, isolated populations in the once free‐flowing Sava river system is not encouraged as it may cause their genetic impoverishment.

The potential impact of this study on the conservation management of huchen more widely is discussed, with emphasis on the Balkans, where large populations still exist and their management is just beginning.
Dynamic Stereochemistry of a Biphenyl‐Bisprolineamide Model Catalyst and its Imidazolidinone Intermediates
Authors: Golub Tino P. , Feßner Malte , Engelage Elric , Merten Christian
Published: May 2022

In this study, we characterize the dynamic stereochemistry of a biphenyl‐2,2’‐bis(proline amide) catalyst in chloroform and DMSO as representative weakly and strongly hydrogen bonding solvents. Using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) based spectra calculations, we show that the preferred axial stereochemistry of the catalyst is determined by solute‐solvent interactions. Explicitly considering solvation with DMSO molecules is found to be essential to correctly predict the conformational preferences of the catalyst. Furthermore, we investigate the stereochemistry of the corresponding enamines and imidazolidinones that are formed upon reaction with isovaleraldehyde. The enamines are found to rapidly convert to endo‐imidazolidinones and the thermodynamically favored exo‐imidazolidinones are formed only slowly. The present study demonstrates that the stereochemistry of these imidazolidinones can be deduced directly from the VCD spectra analysis without any further detailed analysis of NMR spectra. Hence, we herein exemplify the use of VCD spectroscopy for an in situ characterization of intermediates relevant in asymmetric catalysts.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Iodides and Amines
Authors: Ling Johanne , Bruneau‐Voisine Antoine , Journot Guillaume , Evano Gwilherm
Published: May 2022

A general copper‐catalyzed carbonylative cross‐coupling between amines and alkyl iodides is reported. Using a simple combination of catalytic amounts of copper(I) chloride andN,N,N’,N”,N”‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide under carbon monoxide pressure, a broad range of alkyl iodides and amines can be efficiently coupled to the corresponding amides that are obtained in good to excellent yields. Notable features of this process – the first one relying on a base metal catalyst – include the availability and low cost of the catalytic system, its successful use with primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl iodides and all classes of amines – with no or limited competing nucleophilic substitution without CO incorporation – as well as its efficiency with complex alkyl iodides and amines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that a radical pathway is operative and the key role of CO.
Honeycomb Boron Carbon Nitride as High‐Performance Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Karbhal Indrapal , Chaturvedi Vikash , Patrike Apurva , Yadav Poonam , Shelke Manjusha V.
Published: May 2022

3D Porous carbon‐based materials are well known for their excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties for various energy storage applications including Li‐ion Battery (LIB) anodes. However, their commercial application is limited due to their low theoretical specific capacity. Heteroatom doping in carbonaceous networks proved an efficient way to modify the surface properties, which considerably improves the Li intake capacity and Li diffusion in porous carbon materials. In this work, we have synthesized 3D honeycomb boron carbon nitride (HBCN) from boric acid, glucose, and cyanamide. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are used as structure‐directing agents to replicate well‐organized honeycomb structures. HBCN possesses a high specific surface area (SSA) of ∼597 m2 g−1, with a uniform porosity distribution, low charge transfer resistance, and steady Li flux. When analyzed as an anode material for LIB, HBCN demonstrated an excellent specific capacity of ∼652 mAhg−1 and 408 mAhg−1 at an input current density of 100 mAg−1 and 1 Ag−1 respectively and an energy density of 227 Wh kg−1 at 1 C rate in a full cell LIB. These results indicate that the doping of B and N hetero atoms is significantly advantageous for LIBs application.
Surface Chemistry of the Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage System 2,3‐Dicyano‐Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane on Ni(111)
Authors: Hemauer Felix , Bauer Udo , Fromm Lukas , Weiß Cornelius , Leng Andreas , Bachmann Philipp , Düll Fabian , Steinhauer Johann , Schwaab Valentin , Grzonka Robert , Hirsch Andreas , Görling Andreas , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian
Published: May 2022

Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems are a promising approach for the introduction of sustainable energy storage solutions. We investigated the feasibility of the dicyano‐substituted norbornadiene/quadricyclane molecule pair on Ni(111) for catalytic model studies. This derivatization is known to lead to a desired bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum of the parent compound. In our experiments further favorable properties were found: At low temperatures, both molecules adsorb intact without any dissociation. In situ temperature‐programmed HR‐XPS experiments reveal the conversion of (CN)2‐quadricyclane to (CN)2‐norbornadiene under energy release between 175 and 260 K. The absence of other surface species due to side reactions indicates full isomerization. Further heating leads to the decomposition of the molecular framework into smaller carbonaceous fragments above 290 K and finally to amorphous structures, carbide and nitride above 400 K. DFT calculations gave insights into the adsorption geometries. (CN)2‐norbornadiene is expected to interact stronger with the surface, with flat configurations being favorable. (CN)2‐quadricyclane exhibits smaller adsorption energies with negligible differences for flat and side‐on geometries. Simulated XP spectra are in good agreement with experimental findings further supporting the specific spectroscopic fingerprints for both valence isomers.
Clinical Relevance of Hepatic and Renal P‐gp/BCRP Inhibition of Drugs: An International Transporter Consortium Perspective
Authors: Taskar Kunal S. , Yang Xinning , Neuhoff Sibylle , Patel Mitesh , Yoshida Kenta , Paine Mary F. , Brouwer Kim L.R. , Chu Xiaoyan , Sugiyama Yuichi , Cook Jack , Polli Joseph W. , Hanna Imad , Lai Yurong , Zamek‐Gliszczynski Maciej ,   the ITC
Published: May 2022

The role of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and limiting drug absorption as well as restricting the brain penetration of drugs with certain physicochemical properties is well known. P‐gp/BCRP inhibition by drugs in the gut has been reported to increase the systemic exposure to substrate drugs. A previous International Transporter Consortium (ITC) perspective discussed the feasibility of P‐gp/BCRP inhibition at the blood–brain barrier and its implications. This ITC perspective elaborates and discusses specifically the hepatic and renal P‐gp/BCRP (referred as systemic) inhibition of drugs and whether there is any consequence for substrate drug disposition. This perspective summarizes the clinical evidence‐based recommendations regarding systemic P‐gp and BCRP inhibition of drugs with a focus on biliary and active renal excretion pathways. Approaches to assess the clinical relevance of systemic P‐gp and BCRP inhibition in the liver and kidneys included (i) curation of DDIs involving intravenously administered substrates or inhibitors; (ii) in vitro‐to‐in vivo extrapolation of P‐gp‐mediated DDIs at the systemic level; and (iii) curation of drugs with information available about the contribution of biliary excretion and related DDIs. Based on the totality of evidence reported to date, this perspective supports limited clinical DDI risk upon P‐gp or BCRP inhibition in the liver or kidneys.
Parabiosis in Mice to Study Tissue Residency of Immune Cells
Authors: Wang Haiguang , Gavil Noah Veis , Koewler Nathan , Masopust David , Jameson Stephen C.
Published: May 2022

Different populations of immune cells rely on their distinct migration patterns for immunosurveillance, immune regulation, tissue specific differentiation, and maturation. It is often important to clarify whether cells are recirculating or tissue resident, or whether tissue‐specific cells are derived from blood‐borne precursors or a tissue‐resident population. Though migration or tissue residency of immune cells critically depends on the expression of different homing molecules (chemokine receptors, tissue retention molecules, etc.), characterization based solely on the expression of homing molecules may not faithfully reflect the migration patterns of immune cells. Therefore, a more reliable method to clarify migration patterns of immune cells is required. Parabiosis is a surgical connection of two mice resulting in a shared circulatory system, which allows reliable distinction of tissue‐resident and circulating cells. Here, we describe a set of protocols for parabiosis, including technique details, pitfalls, and suggestions for optimization and troubleshooting. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of mice for parabiosis surgery

Basic Protocol 2: Parabiosis surgery

Basic Protocol 3: Recovery and use of mice after parabiosis surgery

Basic Protocol 4: Reversal of parabiotic surgery

Basic Protocol 5: Analysis of parabionts
An approach of data analysis to improve scheduling efficiency in optical burst switched networks
Authors: Nhat Vo Viet Minh , Hoa Le Van
Published: May 2022

Scheduling at the core node plays an important role in the transmission performance of optical burst switched (OBS) networks. There are two approaches of scheduling for an incoming burst: with void filling and without void filling, where the scheduling with void filling is more efficient thanks to the ability to exploit the idle bandwidth between scheduled bursts. However, the scheduling success depends on factors such as arrival time, burst length, last available unused time (LAUT), void start time, void end time, and so forth. This paper proposes a scheduling data analysis approach to find the factors that influence scheduling efficiency, thereby suggesting an FDL‐based solution to reduce data loss. The results of analysis and simulation show that the derived factors including the last overlap and the near‐last overlap have the most significant influence on the scheduling success rate and the FDL‐based solution is best suited for loss reduction.
Single‐ vs Double‐Decker Copper 12‐MC‐4 Metallacrown Using the Coordination Flexibility of a Soft Donor Ligand
Authors: Gamer Christoph , Sundaresan Sriram , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva
Published: May 2022

2‐Methylmercaptobenzohydroxamic acid (mmbHA) has been synthesized and used to form {CuIICl2(MeOH)[12‐MCCu(II)N(mmbHA)‐4]}2 ⋅ 4MeOH (1) and {CuII(μ2‐ClO4)(MeOH)2(py)4[12‐MCCu(II)N(mmbHA)‐4]}ClO4 (2), a copper(II) based double‐decker and a discrete metallacrown (MC) system, respectively. While 1 forms in the absence of a coordinating co‐ligand, the presence of pyridine (Py) leads to a change in the coordination mode of mmbHA and a discrete MC 2 is formed. Both compounds have been structurally and magnetically characterized. The magnetic susceptibility measured from 2–300 K shows overall antiferromagnetic exchange coupling within both crown structures and the obtained coupling constants are J1=−88.0(1) cm−1and J2=−64.7(3) cm−1 for 1 and J1=−90.0(5) cm−1 and J2=−31.1(1) cm−1 for 2. However, the ratio of the coupling parameters is highly affected by the structural change.
From hands‐on to remote: Moderators of response to a novel self‐management telehealth programme during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gevers‐Montoro Carlos , Deldar Zoha , Furlan Andrea , Lazar Eric A. , Ghalibaf Erfan , Ortega‐De Mues Arantxa , Khatibi Ali
Published: May 2022

Background

In March 2020, state‐wide lockdowns were declared in many countries, including Spain. Citizens were confined to their homes and remotely supported activities were prioritized as an alternative to in‐person interactions. Previous data suggest that remote and self‐management interventions may be successful at reducing pain and related psychological variables. However, individual factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions remain to be identified. We aimed to investigate the psychological and motivational factors moderating changes in pain observed in chiropractic patients undertaking a novel telehealth self‐management programme.

Methods

A cohort of 208 patients from a chiropractic teaching clinic was recruited to participate in the study. Patients received telehealth consultations and individualized self‐management strategies tailored for their current complaint. They were encouraged to make use of these strategies daily for 2–4 weeks, whilst rating their pain intensity, motivation and adherence. Validated questionnaires were completed online to assess catastrophizing, kinesiophobia and anxiety.

Results

A total of 168 patients completed the first 2 weeks of the programme, experiencing significant reductions in all variables. Kinesiophobia emerged as a key factor influencing pain reduction and moderating the association between motivation and pain relief. In turn, adherence to the programme was associated with lower pain intensity, although moderated by the degree of motivation.

Conclusions

In the context of COVID‐19, when introducing remote and self‐management strategies, pain cognitions and motivational factors should be taken into consideration to foster adherence and yield better pain outcomes.
Engineering Design, Implementation, and Sensing Mechanisms of Wearable Bioelectronic Sensors in Clinical Settings
Authors: Dkhar Daphika S , Kumari Rohini , Mahapatra Supratim , Divya  , Chandra Pranjal
Published: May 2022

Wearable sensing devices have transformed the hourly analysis of events such as body signals and environmental risks into real‐time monitoring in minutes or seconds. Wearable sensors have facilitated the ability to obtain useful data by monitoring the physiological parameters and activities of an aided and a healthy individual. Wearable devices employ detectable biomarkers in the human body, such as in tears, saliva, interstitial fluid, sweat, and so on. These can deliver relevant information on human health, online activity monitoring, and therapeutic treatments. This section outlines the significance of sample types and associated biomarkers as indicators in the development and manufacturing of wearable biosensors. We have emphasized the most recent advances of wearables based on skin‐like and textile, giving attention to personalized health monitoring to record signals of motion and physiological and body fluid investigation. Furthermore, this review categorizes wearable biosensors based on the sensing mechanism, electrochemical, optical, and mechanical. Additionally, the recent wearables related to the detection of the newly havoc‐causing pandemic, COVID‐19, and the future perspective for the development of much more advanced and potent wearable biosensors have been highlighted. The final section highlights unmet difficulties and gaps in wearable sensors in personalized therapy.
Sustainable phytoremediation of highly acidic mine spoil through economical valuable crop Pelargonium graveolens L
Authors: Jain Shilpi , Yadav Ranu , Mishra Disha , Singh Mayank , Khare Puja
Published: May 2022

The phytostabilization of acid mine spoil by industrially important aromatic crops could be a sustainable solution with minimum input for the problem associated with acidic mine spoil‐affected areas. In the present study, the suitability of Pelargonium graveolens for phytostabilization of acidic mine spoil has been investigated in three different combinations (T1: 100% soil; T2: 100% mine spoil, T3: 75 mine spoil: 25 soil and T4: 50 mine spoil: 50 soil). The plant growth performance, metal accumulation, ecological indices, soil properties, enzymes, and microbial diversity along with the identification of dominant bacterial isolates were investigated in the study. The results indicated that mine spoil was highly acidic (pH 3.01) and rich in minerals and toxic metals. The values of the tolerance index and oil content of P. graveolens L under different treatments varied from 43% to 89% and from 0.10 to 0.13% without affecting oil quality, respectively. Bio‐concentration (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) indicated that the P. graveolens can be used as a phyto‐excluder for Al, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Pb and phytoextractor for Cu, Ni, and Mn. The plantation of P. graveolens enhanced the microbial biomass and enzymatic activities of soil and immobilized the metals. The increase in the Shannon index from 1.67–1.86 to 1.9–2.61 suggested enhanced bacterial diversity after plantation. The identify bacterial isolates were metal tolerant and plant growth promoters. The study suggested that P. graveolens is suitable for the phytostabilization purpose of acidic mine spoils along with the economic return.
Long-Term Effects of Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, and Clothianidin on the Growth and Development of Eisenia andrei
Authors: van Loon Sam , Vicente Victor B. , van Gestel Cornelis A. M.
Published: May 2022

Recently, the high toxicity of neonicotinoids to the survival and reproduction of adult earthworms has become apparent in standard 56-day toxicity tests. The persistence of some neonicotinoids and/or their repeated application may lead to long-term exposure, possibly also affecting other parts of the life cycle of earthworms. The present study aimed at providing insight into the sublethal effects of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and clothianidin on juvenile Eisenia andrei exposed for 16 weeks in Lufa 2.2 soil. Significant effects on growth and maturation were observed for all compounds. Exposure to 0.125 mg imidacloprid/kg dry soil and 0.03125 and 0.0625 mg thiacloprid/kg dry soil significantly affected the growth of the earthworms, while significant maturation effects were observed at 0.03125 mg/kg dry soil for imidacloprid and thiacloprid and 0.25 mg clothianidin/kg dry soil. The 16-week no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) found in the present study were lower than previously reported NOECs for effects on earthworm reproduction. Predicted environmental concentrations after a single application exceeded the observed NOECs for effects on earthworm maturation in the case of imidacloprid and thiacloprid and for effects on earthworm growth in the case of thiacloprid and clothianidin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1686–1695. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Harrington Claire , Krishnan Swathi , Mack Cara L. , Cravedi Paolo , Assis David N. , Levitsky Josh
Published: May 2022

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare disease of unclear etiology characterized by loss of self‐tolerance that can lead to liver injury, cirrhosis, and acute liver failure. First‐line treatment consists of systemic corticosteroids, or budesonide, and azathioprine, to which most patients are initially responsive, although predictors of response are lacking. Relapses are very common, correlate with histological activity despite normal serum transaminases, and increase hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, current regimens lead to adverse effects and reduced quality of life, whereas medication titration is imprecise. Biomarkers that can predict the clinical course of disease, identify patients at elevated risk for relapse, and improve monitoring and medication dosing beyond current practice would have high clinical value. Herein, we review novel candidate biomarkers in adult and pediatric AIH based on prespecified criteria, including gene expression profiles, proteins, metabolites, and immune cell phenotypes in different stages of AIH. We also discuss biomarkers relevant to AIH from other immune diseases. We conclude with proposed future directions in which biomarker implementation into clinical practice could lead to advances in personalized therapeutic management of AIH.
Label‐free analysis of inflammatory tissue remodeling in murine lung tissue based on multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Kreiss Lucas , Ganzleben Ingo , Mühlberg Alexander , Ritter Paul , Schneidereit Dominik , Becker Christoph , Neurath Markus F. , Friedrich Oliver , Schürmann Sebastian , Waldner Maximilian
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory fibrotic tissue remodeling can lead to severe morbidity. Histopathology grading requires extraction of biopsies and elaborate tissue processing. Label‐free optical technologies can provide diagnostic readout without preparation and artificial stainings and show potential for in vivo applications. Here, we present an integration of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and multiphoton microscopy for joint investigation of the bio‐chemical composition and morphological features related to cellular components and connective tissue. Both modalities show that collagen signatures were significantly increased in a murine fibrosis model. Furthermore, autofluorescence signatures assigned to immune cells show high correlation with disease severity. RS indicates increased levels of elastin and lipids. Further, we investigated the effect of joint data sets on prediction performance in machine learning models. Although binary classification did not benefit from adding more features, multi‐class classification was improved by integrated data sets.
A clinical illustration of short‐term mentalization‐based therapy for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Juul Sophie , Frandsen Frederik W. , Bo Hansen Sune , Sørensen Per , Bateman Anthony , Simonsen Sebastian
Published: May 2022

Objective

Mentalization‐based therapy (MBT) is an evidence‐supported, long‐term psychotherapy program developed to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD). A short‐term, 20‐week adaptation to the original MBT format including case formulation, psychoeducation, and group and individual therapy has recently been proposed. The current case material will illustrate how the recent adaptation to the mentalization‐based practice can enhance personality functioning using a short‐term format.

Methods

Case material is presented to demonstrate the clinical application of short‐term MBT in the treatment of a young woman diagnosed with BPD who has a history of failed treatment attempts and who showed signs of affective dysregulation, unstable relationships, and intense abandonment anxiety.

Results

The case illustration shows how short‐term MBT can facilitate improvement in personality functioning, specifically targeting situations in which the patient lost her temper and became overwhelmed by abandonment anxiety. By continuously employing therapeutic shifts toward greater autonomy and agency, and by maintaining a balanced empathetic therapeutic stance, the therapists were able to enhance the patients mentalizing and personality functioning.

Conclusions

Short‐term MBT can be effectively implemented to enhance the mentalizing capacity and personality functioning in outpatients with BPD.
Eddy transport, wave–mean flow interaction, and Eddy forcing during the 2013 Uttarakhand extreme event in the reanalysis and S2S retrospective forecast data
Authors: Kalshetti Mahesh , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Phani R. , Joseph Susmitha , Pattanaik D. R. , Sahai A. K.
Published: May 2022

In this study, to explore the wave–mean interaction during the monsoon season, we investigate (a) the potential role of transient eddy forcing and the wave–mean interaction on the monsoon weather during the June 2013 heavy rainfall event over the Himalayan regions (especially the Uttarakhand State of India and the nearby regions) and (b) how they are captured in a set of operational models. Some studies have pointed out how prolonged breaks can occur due to extratropical trough incursions. However, there is a lack of clarity on how transient eddy forcing associated with such interactions can lead to modulation of monsoonal circulation or whether such interaction can lead to heavy rainfall events. E‐vector fields are analysed to quantify the eddy forcing from extratropical transient eddies and the feedback mechanism between transient eddies and the mean flow during June 2013. Analysis reveals that along with local factors (orography, moisture convergence), the large‐scale heavy rainfall event over the Uttarakhand region during June 16–17, 2013 was influenced by eddy forcing due to the intrusion of extratropical Rossby waves over the Indian region. The location of eddy affects the location of regional occurrence of the eddy‐mean interaction. Model hindcast analysis results suggest that operational models cannot forecast the upper‐level eddy forced circulation patterns, and the improper representation of the E‐vector divergence field leads to the underestimation of intensity and the spatial pattern of rainfall.
An extended finite element method for coupled Darcy–Stokes problems
Authors: Cao Pei , Chen Jinru
Published: May 2022

In this article, we propose an extended finite element method to deal with coupled Darcy–Stokes problems with straight or curved interfaces. A mixed approximate form is presented based on Brezzi‐Douglas‐Marini finite element space and piecewise constant function space for Darcy equations, and a mixed approximate form is shown based on piecewise quadratic function space and piecewise constant function space for Stokes equations. By introducing some stabilization terms, we prove that the inf‐sup condition for the discrete coupled problem is valid. Moreover, the optimal convergence is derived. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate our theoretical results.
Absence of NOTCH1 mutation and presence of CDKN2A deletion predict progression of esophageal lesions
Authors: Liu Mengfei , Liu Ying , Zhou Ren , Liu Zhen , Guo Chuanhai , Xu Ruiping , Li Fenglei , Liu Anxiang , Yang Haijun , Zhang Sanshen , Shen Lin , Duan Liping , Wu Qi , Zhao Meng , Su Hong , Liu Fangfang , Pan Yaqi , Cai Hong , He Zhonghu , Ke Yang
Published: May 2022

Currently, surveillance for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) runs a risk of underestimation of early lesions which show absence of iodine staining, with no or only mild histologic changes. The development of molecular markers that indicate risk of progression is thus warranted. We performed whole‐exome sequencing on biopsies from two sequential endoscopies of a single esophageal lesion and matching blood samples. There were 27 pairs of age‐, gender‐, pathologic stage‐, and sampling interval‐matched progressors and non‐progressors identified in a prospective community‐based ESCC screening trial. Putative molecular progression markers for ESCC were first evaluated by comparing somatic mutation, copy number alteration (CNA), and mutational signature information among progressors and non‐progressors. These markers were then validated with another 24 pairs of matched progressors and non‐progressors from the same population using gene alteration status identified by target sequencing and quantitative PCR. Progressors had more somatic mutation and CNA burden, as well as apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide‐like and age‐related signature weights compared with non‐progressors. A gene score consisting of somatic NOTCH1 mutation and CDKN2A deletion is predictive of risk of progression in lesions which show absence of iodine staining under endoscopy but have no or only mild dysplasia. This gene score was also validated in an external cohort of matched progressors and non‐progressors. Absence of NOTCH1 mutation and presence of CDKN2A deletion are markers of progression in squamous lesions of the esophagus. This gene score would be an ideal indicator for assisting the pathologist in the identification of high‐risk individuals who could be potentially 'missed' or subject to a risk underestimation by histologic analysis, and might improve the performance of ESCC surveillance. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Genetic spectrum of prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasias in a Finnish patient cohort
Authors: Rajala Katri , Kasanen Ellamaija , Toiviainen‐Salo Sanna , Valta Helena , Mäkitie Outi , Stefanovic Vedran , Tanner Laura
Published: May 2022

Objective

This retrospective cohort study aims to describe the genetic spectrum of fetal skeletal dysplasias detected in a Finnish patient cohort and the diagnostic yield of various analysis methods used.

Method

A total of 121 pregnancies with prenatally suspected or diagnosed skeletal dysplasia were analyzed between 2013 and 2020. Clinical details and findings from genetic testing were collected.

Results

Abnormal ultrasound triggered further testing in most cases. However, there were several cases with increased nuchal translucency and/or abnormal risk ratio in the first trimester combined screening as the initial finding. Further genetic testing was performed in 84/121 (69.4%) cases. A genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 36/84 (42.9%) cases. Half of the identified cases could be attributed to a founder mutation specific to the Finnish Disease Heritage, whereas the other half consisted of a variety of other genetic defects.

Conclusion

In our patient cohort, the overall genetic spectrum of prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasias was wide. However, the impact of Finnish founder mutations was considerable, suggesting that the genetic spectrum of skeletal dysplasias may differ significantly between populations. This should be taken into consideration during the diagnostic process especially as initial ultrasound findings may be unspecific and the interpretation of ultrasound features is usually difficult.