bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Демьяновская Е.Г. , Погодина В.В. , Бочкова Н.Г. , Наумов Е.И. , Снитур Т.А. , Левина Л.С. , Щербинина М.С. , Васильев А.С.
Published: May 2021

Статья посвящена эпилепсии Кожевникова, одному из наиболее распространенных и по сути патогномоничных проявлений хронического течения клещевого энцефалита. Описаны стадийность в ее развитии, типы течения сформировавшейся кожевниковской эпилепсии, подходы к терапии. В статье представлен уникальный по продолжительности наблюдения случай хронического клещевого энцефалита (ХКЭ) (47 лет от начала заболевания и свыше 30 лет после вакцинотерапии). Показано, что замедленное развитие тяжелой неврологической симптоматики, прогрессирование болезни происходят на фоне дисиммуноглобулинемии. Штамм, выделенный от пациентки, обладал высокой нейровирулентностью для белых мышей, был высоконейроинвазивным, показал принадлежность к сибирскому подтипу вируса клещевого энцефалита. По мере прогрессирования ХКЭ развивался полиштаммовый иммунный ответ и напряженный иммунитет с высокой авидностью антител (через 30-32 года после вакцинотерапии). В неврологическом статусе – характерные постэнцефалитические изменения с элементами кортикальной моторной эпилепсии. Существенного когнитивного дефекта не было выявлено.

The article is devoted to Kozhevnikov's epilepsy, one of the most common and, in fact, pathognomonic manifestations of the chronic course of tick-borne encephalitis. The stages in its development, the types of the course of the formed Kozhevnikovskaya epilepsy, and approaches to therapy are described. This material presents a unique case of chronic tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) (47 years from the beginning of the disease and more than 30 years after vaccination). It is shown that the delayed development of severe neurological symptoms and disease progression occur against the background of dysimmunoglobulinemia. The strain isolated from the patient had high neurovirulence for white mice, was highly neuroinvasive, and belong to the Siberian subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). As TBE progressed, a polystrain immune response and a stressed immune response with high antibody avidity developed (30-32 years after vaccination). In the neurological status – pecular postencephalitic changes with elements of cortical motor epilepsy. No significant cognitive defect was detected.
PC-GC1-01
Authors: Haro Cortés Marta , Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen

Descripción biblioiconográfica del primer grabado del Acto I (bajo la rúbrica del argumento precediendo al texto) de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75.

Abstract

Biblioiconographical description of the first woodcut of Act I (under the heading of the argument preceding the text) of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-03
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto II de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act II of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-05
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto IV de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act IV of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-08
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto VII de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act VII of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-09
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto VIII de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act VIII of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-13
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto XII de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act XII of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
PC-GC1-16
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta
Published: May 2021

Resumen: Descripción biblioiconográfica del grabado del Acto XV de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, impresa en Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, ejemplar de The Hispanic Society of America (Nueva York), signatura Inc. 75. Abstract: Biblioiconographical description of the woodcut of Act XV of the Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, printed in Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1499-1501, copy of The Hispanic Society of America (New York), call number Inc. 75.
Teenagers’ meaning of life values: theory and practice
Authors:   Institute of Problems on Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), katjachiginceva@meta.ua, Zhurba E.
Published: May 2021

The article covers the problem of teenagers’ meaning of life values in theory and practice. "Meaning of life values" are interpreted as a system of generalized aspirations related to the individuals’ life that characterize their spiritual and moral self-concept, the search for their own life purpose and appropriate lifestyle, which is fulfilled through behaviour, activities and communication. The concept of developing teenagers’ meaning of life values includes methodological, theoretical, and practical levels. The modern process of developing teenagers’ meaning of life values is based on systemic, synergetic, axiological, humanistic, personality oriented, competency-based scientific approaches. Research methods such as analysis, generalization, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, ethical conversations, pedagogical observation were used to demonstrate the changes in developing teenagers’ meaning of life values and show the advantages of applied pedagogical conditions, forms and methods.
COLLEMBALLS OF ECOSYSTEMS DOMINATED BY SAMSHIT KOLKHIDA IN THE SOCHINSKY BLACK SEA ZONE
Authors: Shcherbina Yuri Georgievich
Published: May 2021

According to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of springtails communities since 2007, the dynamics of the state of the Colchis boxwood ecosystems in the Sochi Black Sea region has been estimated. The conclusion about the dynamics of degradation of forest communities, unique for the coast, after the Olympic Games-2014 is substantiated.
ADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTING A SUPERVISORY BOARD IN HEALTHCARE
Authors: Saiynov Muratbek , Dyusengaliyeva Gulbarshyn Zhumazhanovna
Published: May 2021

Basic principles of effective effectiveness and competitiveness of medical organizations are organized within the principles of corporate management of OECD. The second multidisciplinary medical organization of the Republic of Kazakhstan transferred to the state-owned enterprise on the basis of the dualistic education with the binding provisions. Current training and systemic training in the field of health care will lead to more and more support for the health of the medical organization.
Algoritmos genéticos y su aplicación en la visualización de un mapa auto-organizado
Authors: Sterpin Dante Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Los algoritmos genéticos fueron propuestos durante la década de los setenta como una gran herramienta computacional para la solución artificial de problemas complejos. Su diseño y funcionamiento están fundamentados en la capacidad que tienen los seres vivos para adaptarse a las exigencias de su medio ambiente, con lo cual se logra artificialmente que un conjunto de soluciones se adapte a las exigencias de un determinado problema. En este artículo se presenta una aplicación de dichos algoritmos, enfocada a visualizar las distancias entre las neuronas cognitivas en un mapa auto-organizado de Kohonen. Este último supone una mejor manera de interpretar su aprendizaje, en contraste con las limitaciones del método conocido como matriz-unificada de distancias.
Revista Hashtag 2016B
Authors: Revista Hashtag
Published: May 2021

La unidad de Publicaciones, la Dirección Nacional de Investigación y la Escuela de Ingeniería de la Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior (cun), con la intención de garantizar la transferencia tecnológica y visibilizar los trabajos de nuestros estudiantes y pares académicos de otras instituciones, tienen el gusto de presentar en esta edición de la revista #ashtag un conjunto de artículos relativos a electrónica de potencia, inteligencia artificial y robótica móvil.
Strenge Rechtsprechung zum Öffentlichkeitsprinzip festigt sich
Authors: Annina Keller Daniel Kämpfer und
Published: May 2021

Ein Blick auf die Rechtsprechung der vergangenen zwei Jahre zeigt, dass sowohl das BVGer als auch das BGer unverändert strenge Anforderungen an die Anwendbarkeit der Ausnahmebestimmungen des BGÖ stellen und die Messlatte für Zugangsbeschränkungen oder -verweigerungen gegenüber den beweisbelasteten Behörden hoch ansetzen. Damit verhelfen die eidgenössischen Gerichte in teilweise wegweisenden Entscheiden der Verwaltungsöffentlichkeit zum Durchbruch. Obgleich die Urteile der Gerichte im Ergebnis in den meisten Fällen überzeugen, schleichen sich doch regelmässig konzeptionelle Makel ein, welche im Einzelfall Verunsicherung stiften können. Besondere Schwierigkeiten scheint nach wie vor die Frage zu verursachen, in welchen Fällen eine Interessenabwägung und in welchen lediglich eine Schadensrisikoprüfung vorzunehmen ist. Alles in allem scheint sich aber im Bereich des Öffentlichkeitsprinzips auf Bundesebene eine strenge Rechtsprechung zu festigen, welche letztlich im Interesse der mit dem BGÖ verfolgten Ziele steht.
Influencer-Marketing und die Rechtswirklichkeit
Authors: Senn Mischa
Published: May 2021

Das Influencer-Marketing ist eine inzwischen etablierte Werbeform, die eine geschäftliche Tätigkeit mit kommerziellem Zweck darstellt. Die mit diesem Geschäftsmodell einhergehenden Handlungen haben einige lauterkeitsrechtliche Folgen. Der Trennungsgrundsatz ist für diese Werbeform kein zweckmässiges Instrumentarium, vielmehr ist vom Vorrang des Gebotes der Erkennbarkeit auszugehen. Zudem kann im Umfeld von Plattformen auf sozialen Medien hinsichtlich des normativen Durchschnittskonsumenten auf die (real existierenden) Followers abgestellt werden.
Schlichte Unkenntnis oder magistrale Ignoranz?
Authors: Hasler Thomas
Published: May 2021

Art. 70 StPO, der die Einschränkung und den Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit von Gerichtsverhandlungen regelt, scheint auf den ersten Blick inhaltlich klar zu sein. Die einschlägigen StPO-Kommentare befassen sich damit eher stiefmütterlich. Der Blick in gerichtliche Verfügungen oder Beschlüsse offenbart aber ein sehr unterschiedliches Verständnis der Justiz von Art. 70 und wie Verfügungen und Beschlüsse inhaltlich gestaltet sein müssen, damit sie übergeordnetem Recht und bundesgerichtlicher Rechtsprechung entsprechen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag zieht der langjährige Gerichtsberichterstatter auf der Basis von gegen 100 Verfügungen/Beschlüssen das Fazit, dass in vielen Fällen der für die Einschränkung der Medienfreiheit gebotene Grundsatz der Verhältnismässigkeit verletzt wird. Aus schlichter Unkenntnis oder magistraler Ignoranz? Als journalistischer Praktiker identifiziert der Autor Problemfelder und bietet, wo möglich und sinnvoll, Lösungsvorschläge an.
Histological and morphometrical features of endometrial polyposis complicated with uterus bleeding. Review and clinical data
Authors: Chermak Ihor I. , Chermak Volodymyr I. , Matvian Mariia A. , Hassan Funom , Gunko Yelyzaveta S.
Published: May 2021

Endometrial polyposis is a condition that affects the lining of the endometrium or the uterus and it is seen in 1-17% of women in their reproductive years. The symptoms are often uterine bleeding which can occur as menorrhagia and the polyps can be sessile or pedunculated. This pathology can also arise in women who are in the post-menopausal phase and the exact pathogenesis of the pathology is not known but there are theories that shed light on how this may occur. We conducted a study in which we took 70 surveyed women with endometrial polyps which were complicated by uterine bleeding to determine their morphological types and identify the relationship between the types of polyps and the frequency of uterine bleeding.
Morphological features of secondary lung tuberculosis in HIV-patients
Authors: Kuzyk Petro V. , Horoshchak Andriy Yu. , Nikolaienko Sofiia I. , Shrestha Shekharman , Fortuna Ludwika , Gychka Sergiy G.
Published: May 2021

In modern conditions, socially dangerous diseases (tuberculosis, HIV infection) are characterized not only by a high level of epidemiological indicators, but also by profound changes in the pathogens themselves (multiple drug resistance, etc.), changes in the course of diseases, its’ complications, causes of death, clinical and morphological manifestations, the appearance of co-infections, which is regarded as a negative phase of pathomorphosis or as reversion. At the same time, the pathomorphosis of diseases significantly complicates their diagnosis. There are objective reasons that do not allow to verify certain nosological units. Under conditions of nosomorphosis due to changes in the biological properties of the pathogen and reactive properties of the organism, in clinical practice and in the study of sectional, surgical and biopsy materials often have difficulties in diagnosis of various forms of tuberculosis and HIV, patho-, morpho- and thanatogenesis. Untimely diagnosis often leads to disability and mortality of patients. Therefore, in clinical practice, undiagnosed forms of socially dangerous diseases are more common.

In 2018 251,000 people who had both TB and HIV are estimated to have died1. This is in addition to the 1.2 million people who died from TB alone. A total of 477,461 TB cases among HIV positive people were reported in 2018 (56% of the estimated incidence of 862,000 cases)2. Of these 86% were on antiretroviral therapy. In comparison, in Ukraine in 2019 5943 HIV deaths were reported, 1448 among them had TB and HIV coinfection (24.36%) and 811 of them were on antiretroviral therapy (56%).

Due to all these statistics we can make a conclusion that TB in HIV patients is one the main causes of death in HIV-patients. Furthermore, due to the statistics even antiretroviral therapy does not have great affection on the TB and HIV coinfection course. TB/HIV coinfection is a global substantial problem and it means that all international guidelines have to be better implemented.
Cierre de perforación de intestino delgado posterior a polipectomía de pólipo hamartomatoso
Authors: Abecia Soria Víctor , Pizzala Juan Eduardo , Mahler Manuel Alejandro , Manazzoni Dante , Duran Sebastián , Rinaudo Santiago , González María Laura , Marcolongo Mariano
Published: May 2021

Single balloon enteroscopy allows a non-surgical therapeutic approach in patients with small bowel polyps. In patients with Peutz Jeghers Syndrome (SPJ) resection of hamartomatous polyps with this method is safe and effective. Although complications are rare, if they occur, they can be managed conservatively. We present a 16-year-old patient with a history of PJS who underwent an enteroscopy for small bowel polyps. Endoscopic resection of a 3 cm jejunum polyp was performed, and a full thickness intestinal perforation was immediately noticed after the resection. We were able to close the gap with hemo clips. The patient had an excellent clinical outcome.
Esplenosis abdominal: un diagnóstico infrecuente
Authors: Andaluz García Irene , Poza Cordón Joaquín , Fernández Martos Rubén
Published: May 2021

Splenosis is an uncommon entity resulting from the spread of splenic tissue to different body compartments. Although it is usually asymptomatic, it can cause a variety of symptoms and must be suspected in patients with a traumatic history of the spleen, including splenectomy. Nevertheless the diagnostic tool of choice to confirm it is the scintigraphy with denatured red blood cells marked with Tc-99.We report the case of an 18-year-old male with a personal history of splenectomy admitted for asthenia, jaundice and abdominal discomfort. An ultrasound identifies multiple abdominal masses predominantly on the left flank, being finally diagnosed of splenosis after CT and scintigraphy with red blood cells marked with Tc-99.
Hipertensión portal secundaria a sarcoidosis hepática
Authors: Rivarola Sofía G , Veltri Mariano N , Saguier Padilla Ignaci , Avagnina Alejandra , Biagioni Mariano , Pérez De La Hoz Alejo A , Vega Patricia , Pisarevsky Andrea A
Published: May 2021

The etiology of hepatic granulomas varies depending on the epidemiology. In developed countries, primary biliary chol­angitis (PBC) is the main cause followed by sarcoidosis. In developing countries, it is tuberculosis. We present the case of a patient with chronic liver disease, whose anatomo­pathological diagnosis was compatible with sarcoidosis. It was a 55-year-old woman, with a history of type 2 diabe­tes (DBT), insulin-requiring and overweight. Her disease debuted with SAE, subsequently presenting HDA of vari­ceal origin. She was referred to our institution for study. Physical examination has hepatosplenomegaly and in the laboratory FAL and yGT augmented with non-reactive anti-LKM and AMA. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed hepatosplenomegaly, without focal images. Hepatic biopsy puncture was performed, which reported numerous portal-site granulomas. The ECA dose was increased. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established and treatment with deflazacort was started. She presented an upper gastrointes­tinal bleeding causing her death.
Disección endoscópica submucosa de tumor neuroendocrino primario de duodeno. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rojano Rodríguez Martín Edgardo , Arce Liévano Elisafat , Bada Yllán Orlando , Valenzuela Salazar Carlos , Délano Alonso Roberto , Recinos Carrera Elio Germán , Herrera Esquivel José de Jesús
Published: May 2021

Background. Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours are very rare, if they are limited to the mucosal layer and have no nodal involvement, endoscopic resection may be curative. Case report. We present the case of a Mexican 52 years old female with a duodenal neuroendocrine tumour who underwent successful endoscopic submucosal dissection with no complications. Pathology of the specimen revealed a complete R0 resection with negative resection margins. Endoscopic biopsies 4 weeks later showed no malignant cells. Conclusions. Because of their low frequency the management of primary duodenal carcinoid tumours is controversial; for tumours less than 1 cm endoscopic resection is recommended, for those bigger than 2 cm surgical resection is advised. Management of tumours between 1 and 2 cm is controversial and should be individualized.
Linfadenectomía mediastinal para el cáncer de esófago mediante un abordaje miniinvasivo. Diferencias entre en el adenocarcinoma y el carcinoma escamoso
Authors: Velasco Hernández Norberto Daniel , Horiuchi Héctor Raúl , Alberto Rivaletto Lucas , Zicavo María Micaela , Fernández Lucila
Published: May 2021

Background. In the multimodal treatment era, surgery remains the mainstay for oesophageal cancer. The type of lymphadenectomy raises important controversies between eastern and western countries, mainly due to the lack of consensus on its extension. Objectives. Analyse the type of mediastinal lymphadenectomy performed for adenocarcinoma and squamous cells carcinoma, of a group of patients who underwent a prone position minimally invasive esophagectomy. Material and methods. From November 2011 to August 2019, 51 patients were treated for potentially curable oesophageal cancer who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy (mediastinal and abdominal). Based on the histological type and location of the tumour, the different types of lymph nodes dissection were performed. Results. The median of nodes obtained for Adenocarcinoma was 5.0 (3-16) while for squamous cells carcinoma cases it was 8.0 (4-38) (p = 0.019). Two intraoperative complications were recorded: a lesion of the left source bronchus during sub carinal lymphadenectomy, and injury to the right recurrent nerve during an extended lymphadenectomy. Conclusion. We can conclude the mediastinal lymphadenectomy is a feasible procedure to perform with a minimally invasive approach in prone position, for offering an adequate visualization of the anatomical structures and obtaining an acceptable number of nodes. However, it is subject to complications, some of which could be serious.
Embarazo en una adolescente con cirrosis e hipertensión portal: prevención de la hemorragia por várices esofágicas
Authors: Costaguta Alejandro , Araujo Walter , Plaza Sergio , Candarle Pablo , Albornoz Soledad
Published: May 2021

El embarazo en pacientes con cirrosis e hipertensión portal es un escenario con alto riesgo de complicaciones tanto para la madre como para el feto. Entre ellas, el sangrado por várices esofágicas es una de las más temidas. La disponibilidad de tratamientos efectivos puede reducir este riesgo, por lo que la profilaxis primaria debería ser analizada en estas pacientes. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente embarazada con historia de hipertensión portal secundaria a cirrosis hepática por colangitis esclerosante primaria, en quien se realizó prevención primaria del sangrado por várices esofágicas con tratamiento endoscópico, logrando un embarazo y parto a término, sin complicaciones.
Postpartum Psychosis: Risk factors and Management
Authors: Bajinka Ousman
Published: May 2021

Following childbirth, with a psychosis and associated mood disturbance, Postpartum Psychosis (PPP) is studied to be a severe mental health condition. PPP affects 1 to 2 per 1000 women among the psychiatric emergency. To curb this severe disorder, acute clinical intervention is warranted. Maternal mental health problems with a focus on depression as the condition with the biggest public health impact should be the way forward. This review is set to look into the risk factors, prevention and management of PPP. Both the acute onset and recurrence of psychiatric illness are common during the perinatal period as women are more vulnerable during this period. Timely detection and effective management of perinatal psychiatric disorders are critical for managing PPP. Part of the management strategies for women who experience PPP is to seek guidance on further pregnancies and risk of illness. Since PPP is a disturbing complication of childbirth that carries high risks for both mother and child, if one is at high risk of developing puerperal psychosis, there is the need for a specialist care during pregnancy and be seen by a psychiatrist.
“TURKISM” FACTOR IN IRAN-AZERBAIJAN RELATIONS (1991-2016)
Authors: ISRAYELYAN ARMEN
Published: May 2021

In the current article, we studied the impact of the “Turkism”
factor on Iran-Azerbaijan relations after the USSR collapse.
Conditionally, we can consider that “Turkism” was formed in
1991-1993, and it began to spread in 1993-2003. In 2003-2016,
“Turkism” became one of the effective instruments of putting pressure on
Iran. During Abulfaz Elchibey’s presidency (1992-1993) in Azerbaijan,
Baku’s actions were a direct threat to Iran’s territorial integrity.
During Heydar Aliyev’s presidency (1993-2003), instead of openly
speculating on “Turkism” factor, Azerbaijan’s new authorities began to
form turkic nationalistic groups with Turkey’s help.
During the second phase of Ilham Aliyev’s presidency, “Turkism”
became one of the most effective instruments of putting pressure on Iran,
and the Azerbaijani authorities adopted a more aggressive policy.
In the last decade, due to developments in Atropatene (the
provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan), the threat of the
“Turkism” factor has significantly increased.
The government of Hassan Rouhani, the current president of the
Islamic Republic of Iran, has made a number of reforms in order to satisfy
the needs of Iran’s Turkic-speaking population and to prevent contrasts.
Therefore, he in fact deprived Azerbaijan of the opportunity to speculate
“Turkism” question.
THE NEO PAN-TURKISM IDEAS IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF TURKEY (THE PROGRAM THESES OF PARTIES)
Authors: MINASYAN NELLI
Published: May 2021

At the beginning of 1990s Turkey’s foreign policy activity was
connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of
the Turkic republics. The Pan-Turkism ideas were transformed during this
period and they were introduced in a new way. The neo Pan-Turkism
ideas were presented by three interconnected systems: the first as a
spiritual cultural program, the second as a part of the political system, the
third as Turkic component of the Turkic-Islamic synthesis. All Turkish
parties attach great importance to the cooperation with Turkic republics in
their programs. This especially emphasizes the ruling Justice and
Development Party. The Nationalist Action Party is well known for PanTurkism and nationalist ideas. The NAP suggests to establish Pan-Turkic
organizations. Neo Pan-Turkism is not only a cultural project, it is also a
political program. We can say that the Neo Pan-Turkism is a part of the
political system and it will stay in the context of Turkey’s foreign policy.
THE FRENCH INVASION OF ALGERIA IN 1830: THE RESULTS AND THE EFFECTS
Authors: GASPARYAN ARAM
Published: May 2021

At the beginning of the 19th century Algeria was a weak and divided
country, so it became the first target of the French colonial acquisition in
North Africa. On June 4, 1830. The French army under general de
Bourmont conquested Algeria. The ruler of the Ottoman Regency of
Algiers Hüseyin Dey left for Naples while most of his troops, the janissaries, moved to Turkey and Syria. The French managed to take control of the coastal communities in a short period but the other regions of Algeria were not submitted to the French authorities. The Arab tribes, considering the moment suitable, rebelled not only
against the Turkish rulers who were still holding their positions, but also
against the French conquerors. The armed resistance hubs were formed
in Constantina, Titteri and Oran.
The initial successes of France were largely due to the ethnic diversity of the country's population as well as by the uncompromising struggle
for power between the different bays. In this situation, the full occupation
of Algeria could have been completed very quickly if an Algerian "Sharif"
religious and military leader, known as the Emir Abd al-Qadir, didn't
appear in the arena.
DIE ZWEITE TANZIMAT-PHASE: KONZEPT DER "VERSCHMELZUNG UND ZUSAMMENFÜHRUNG"
Authors: SAFRASTYAN RUBEN
Published: May 2021

In der Geschichte des Osmanisches Reiches ist die Zeit zwischen Mitte der 50er und frühen 70er Jahren des XIX Jahrhunderts als die zweite Tanzimat-Phase bekannt. Die türkischen politischen Persönlichkeiten der damaligen Zeit, die Führer der Reformbewegung Mehmed Emin Ali Pascha und Mehmed Fuat Pascha führten eine Politik der Annäherung an den Westen, in der Hoffnung, damit so viele Regionen wie möglich unter der Herrschaft des Sultans zu erhalten. Die größte Gefahr für die Integrität des Reiches war die nationale Befreiungsbewegung der unterdrückten christlichen
Nationen. Ali Pascha und Fuat Pascha sahen dies ohne Zweifel ein und versuchten die bewaffneten Aufstände der Christen zu verhindern, folgend der Tradition dessen Gründer die Politiker der Anfangsphase der Proto-Tanzimat und Tanzimat waren.
Daraus folgte, dass Ali und Fuat ideologische Nachfolger der türkischen Politiker der vorherigen Generation waren.
CHINA’S “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE AND ITS IMPACT IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: HARUTYUNYAN AGHAVNI
Published: May 2021

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, China has endeavored to build and strengthen its relations with the five Central Asian (CA) states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In January 1992, only one month after founding of the
new CA countries, China signed a series of agreements to establish diplomatic relations with all of them
NARSEH SASSANID AND THE STRUGGLE FOR THE REIGN IN PERSIA FROM 274 TO 293
Authors: MELIKYAN ARTHUR
Published: May 2021

In 274 after the death of Hormizd I, the Zoroastrian priesthood and the Iranian high nobility handed the Sasanid throne to Varahrān, the elder brother of Hormizd I, although the other brother Narseh, during the rule of Shāpūr I and Hormizd I, had a higher position in the state scale of ranks and was more appropriate for the title of King of Kings. In the following years the Sasanian nobility continued ignoring the rights of Narseh to the throne. After signing the peace treaty with the emperor Probus, in 276/277 Varahran I nominated Narseh, the king of Hindi, Saccas and Turan, the king of Armenia, the country which had lost its strategical meaning. With it Narseh was losing the opportunity of reaching the title of King of Kings in the legal way. Only after the leaders of Iranian opposition were removed, from 282 to 290, Nerseh began an evident struggle for the throne. After the victory in the civil war in 293 the Armenian king Narseh sat on the Sasanian throne.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Jean
Published: May 2021

Business Management and Strategy (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 1Agha Usama Hasan, University of West London, United KingdomAnsar Abbas, Banking Officer, Muslim Commercial Bank Pakistan, PakistanChaminda Prasanna Karunarathne, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaDio Caisar Darma, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Samarinda, IndonesiaEddie John Paul Fisher, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, United KingdomGamlath Mohottige Mudith Sujeewa, University of Kelaniya, Sri LankaHalimahton Borhan, Universiti Teknologi Mara, MalaysiaIzabella Manukyan, Russian-Armenian University, ArmeniaJawon Kim, Chung-Ang University, Korea, Republic ofNicholas Renaldo, Institut Bisnis dan Teknologi Pelita Indonesia, IndonesiaOusman Jallow, Gambia Participates, GambiaShalini Sahni, Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Professional Studies (Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi), IndiaSteliana Rodino, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences / Institute of Research for Agriculture Economy and Rural Development, Bucharest, Romania, RomaniaSulaiman Sheik Abdullah, Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar College, IndiaVenugopal Gubbi, RV Institute Of Management, IndiaJean LeeBusiness Management and StrategyMacrothink Institute*************************************Add: 5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.508Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail1: bms@macrothink.orgE-mail2: bms@macrothink.comWebsite: http://bms.macrothink.org
Constitucionalidad de los métodos de resolución alterna de conflictos
Authors: Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: May 2021

El uso progresivo de los métodos de resolución alterna de conflictos es una necesidad de primer orden en el contexto de una sociedad democrática. La promoción de nuevas formas de resolver los conflictos entre los particulares a través de la palabra, el acuerdo y el consenso garantizan la pacificación mantenida de la sociedad nicaragüense, otrora polarizada en desgastantes conflictos armados. A nivel institucional, al Estado corresponde la promoción de estos métodos a los fines de invitar a la sociedad a ser parte de la construcción de un clima de seguridad y paz al ser protagonista de la salida a los problemas cotidianos. Entonces, ante un tema con tal trascendencia es menester indagar si estos métodos tienen cabida en los principios y disposiciones constitucionales a fin de que sean de aplicación necesaria y privilegiada en el que hacer estatal.
Los pueblos indígenas urbanos y su derecho a una educación intercultural
Authors: Ledesma Erika
Published: May 2021

Las miradas sobre ‘pueblos indígenas’ y ‘sus necesidades educativas’ han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo y han dado lugar a diversos reconocimientos tanto en el plano del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos como en el derecho nacional, aunque muchas veces la visión de los pueblos indígenas ha sido ignorada. En esta investigación se buscó analizar las herramientas legales disponibles actualmente para una redefinición del derecho a la educación de los pueblos indígenas y su alcance y vigencia, destacando la palabra de quienes trabajan en proyectos de educación intercultural, indígenas y no indígenas, al analizar sus percepciones sobre el modelo educativo actual, la propuesta de educación intercultural estatal y las posibilidades de su implementación en las escuelas estatales secundarias de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Para tal fin, se ha seguido el método cualitativo, con un enfoque en las experiencias y puntos de vista de estos educadores para lograr una visibilización del conocimiento local o situado, a través de entrevistas abiertas, análisis de legislación y retroalimentación de los entrevistados.
La jornada del trabajo del sector doméstico en el derecho comparado centroamericano
Authors: Castillo José Alejandro
Published: May 2021

El este ensayo serealiza un análisis comparativo de lasjornadas de trabajoy concepto de trabajo ytrabajadores del sector doméstico en la región centroamericana, tomando como punto de partida los convenios de Organización Internacional del Trabajo relacionados tanto al trabajo doméstico como los de las jornadas de Trabajo. En este documento se ponen demanifiesto las múltiples violaciones laborales a las que son sometidas las personas del sector doméstico en Centroamérica, principalmente en lo que concierne a su derecho a una jornada justa y razonable. El ensayo evidencia la regulación inconstitucional que algunos países de la región realizan sobre la jornada laboral del sector doméstico, a la misma vez, propone recomendaciones para superar esta situación, proponiendo a los Estados la ratificación de los convenios de la OIT que promueven jornadas justas y razonables para este sector, desde un enfoque de derechos humanos.
Developing an Ecological Approach to the Strategic Implementation of UDL in Higher Education
Authors: Fovet Frederic
Published: May 2021

This paper argues that, as Canadian Higher Education campuses embark on large scale Universal Design for Learning (UDL) implementation, it is essential for them to take the time to strategically consider inherent institutional challenges before pushing ahead. As a result, it is argued that ecological theory will represent a unique and powerful lens in this process of implementation. The first section of the paper examines two inherent dangers being perpetuated in current UDL drives on the vast majority of Canadian campuses that have embarked on this adventure: (i) overreliance on disability service providers, and (ii) a conceptualization of UDL work in silos. The second half of the paper focuses on solutions, and on the idea of developing a strategic approach to UDL integration framed around ecological theory. The paper draws on an analysis of phenomenological data emerging from the author’s own lived experience as a consultant responding regularly to the needs of post-secondary campuses with regards to the institutional adoption of UDL.
Project-Based Learning and E-Portfolios for Preservice Teachers in Japanese Language Education
Authors: Manoban Amonrat
Published: May 2021

This study involved classroom action research that aimed to 1) develop the learning management competency for preservice teachers using the project-based learning approach and e-portfolios and 2) study the reflection of those preservice teachers in terms of learning management using the project-based learning approach and e-portfolios. The target groups for this research comprised 27 fourth-year students of the Teaching Japanese Language Program, Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University. I divided the research tools into two categories: (a) tools for learning management (four learning management plans and teaching logs) and (b) tools for collecting research data (the portfolio assessment form and e-portfolios). The research results revealed the project-based learning approach and e-portfolios improved the Japanese language and culture learning management competency in each indicator at different levels; in addition, the results reflected the Japanese language and culture learning management focusing on learners and the use of learning materials stimulated learners’ interest and systematic working and helped them appreciate the efficiency of work and ability to work with others.
Passive, Victims or Unintended Misrepresentation?
Authors: Budy Fidel C. T.
Published: May 2021

Sustainable development efforts to mitigate the challenges that women face in the midst of land grabbing could be significantly undermined or they could fail to address the concerns of rural African women if they are not driven by the everyday lived experiences of rural African women. Evidence suggests that current accounts of how rural African women experience land grabbing oversimplify the homogeneity of their experiences, depicting them as entirely passive and victims who lack the agency to react to the loss of their land. Addressing this gap in our appreciation of the impact of land grabbing on rural African women is significant to ensure equal access to land and secure tenure rights for women actually work. To this end, there are some in the literature that have, and continue to challenge the depiction of rural African women as entirely passive and victims, lacking agency. This paper builds on those studies to expand the parameter of inquiry by bringing fresh perspectives to the debate from Senjeh District in Liberia. Utilising data collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews in the district over a period of four months, this paper argues that there is a divergence between the well held notions by the literature and experts on the one hand and, women in Senjeh on the other hand. The paper also argues that rural women in Senjeh District exhibited various agency in multiple ways against the loss of their land to Sime Darby.
Towards a Broader Perspective on Tourism Education, Research and Publication
Authors: Wall Geoffrey
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The aim of the study is to discuss tensions between the academic responsibilities of education, research and publication, and how these have made tourism academia increasingly inward-focused.

Method. Drawing upon approximately 50 years of personal experiences as an academic based in a faculty of environment.

Findings. Tourism research has become more and more insular, reducing opportunities to contribute to the resolution of important public debates and policy issues, undermining enhancement of the reputation of the field and those involved in it.

Research and conclusions limitations. The limitations include lack of a literature review or structured empirical research. It is concluded that tourism scholarship should be broadened and engage more with other fields and disciplines.

Practical implications. Tourism curricula should be broadened, while administrative procedures should be more flexible to facilitate the creation of greater synergies between teaching, research and publication.

Originality. In the manuscript, topics are addressed that are of great interest and often discussed informally, but are seldom put in writing.

Type of paper: An opinion piece.
Advances in Diagnostic and Molecular Pathology
Authors: Vranić Semir , Damjanov Ivan
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Characterization and Clinical Significance of EIF1AX Mutations and Co-Mutations
Authors: Gargano Stacey M. , Badjatia Nitika , Nikolaus Yanina , Peiper Stephen C. , Wang Zi-Xuan
Published: May 2021

Objective. Mutations in the EIF1AX gene have been recently detected in a small percentage of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. We sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of EIF1AX mutations and co-mutations in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules at our institution.

Materials and Methods. A 5-year retrospective analysis was performed on thyroid nodules with a cytologic diagnosis of Bethesda category III or IV, which had undergone testing by our in-house next generation sequencing panel. Surgically resected nodules with EIF1AX mutations were identified, and mutation type and presence of co-mutations were correlated with histopathologic diagnosis.

Results. 41/904 (4.5%) cases overall and 26/229 (11.4%) surgically resected nodules harbored an EIF1AX mutation. The most common histologic diagnoses were follicular thyroid carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.  11/26 (42.3%) of nodules had isolated EIF1AX mutation. Co- mutations were found in RAS (12/26; 46.2%), TERT (5/26; 19.2%) and TP53 (2/26; 7.7%). EIF1AX mutation alone conferred a 36.4% risk of malignancy (ROM) and 54.5% ROM or noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), while the ROM was significantly higher in nodules with concurrent RAS (71.4%), TERT, TP53 and RAS+TERT (100%) mutations.

Conclusion. EIF1AX mutations occur in benign and malignant follicular thyroid neoplasms. In our cohort, the majority of mutations occurred at the splice acceptor site between exons 5 and 6. Importantly, the coexistence of EIF1AX mutations with other driver pathogenic mutations in RAS, TERT and TP53 conferred a 100% ROM or NIFTP, indicating that such nodules require surgical removal.
A Giant, Complex Fibroepithelial Tumor of the Breast: Borderline Phyllodes Tumor Combined with Tubular Adenoma − a Rare Clinical Presentation of a Fibroepithelial Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Ibisevic Nermina , Bajrovic Jasmina , Saranovic Ena , Spiritovic Dijana , Skenderi Faruk , Vranic Semir
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
The Competing Jurisdictions of the WTO and the UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Fora in the Context of Multifaceted Disputes
Authors: Ivanova Elena
Published: May 2021

The work examines the interaction between the dispute settlement mechanisms established under the UNCLOS and the WTO Agreement, while exploring the challenges that multifaceted disputes straddling different treaty regimes pose to international courts and tribunals of limited jurisdiction such as the WTO DSB and UNCLOS courts and tribunals. It addresses these challenges through the lens of the WTO treaty and the UNCLOS, while providing answers to the following questions: to what extent the mentioned specialized adjudicatory bodies can refer to other rules of international law, especially treaty rules, given their limited jurisdiction; what the implications of the pronouncements of the UNCLOS courts and tribunals are with respect to the WTO DSB and vice versa; how should they approach multifaceted disputes involving both WTO law and law of the sea issues; what rules govern their interaction. The work examines and systematizes the latter rules, while particularly focusing on res judicata. Concerning res judicata, it tackles the questions what the status and meaning of res judicata is and to what types of preclusive pleas it can give rise in international law; whether it can operate as an inter-systemic rule. The work proposes solutions in case a multifaceted dispute allegedly involving different treaties and different branches of international law is submitted for resolution before different dispute settlement fora of limited jurisdiction and in doing so it contributes to the discussion on international procedural law and interaction of treaties and dispute settlement mechanisms.
Využitie Web 2.0 aplikácie podcast vo výučbe cudzích jazykov
Authors: Stradiotová Eva
Published: May 2021

V príspevku sme sa zamerali na sprostredkovanie výsledkov výskum podcastov a ich vplyvu na rozvoj jazykovej zručnosti počúvanie s porozumením. Cieľom výskumu bolo dokázať, že podcast má vplyv na zlepšenie jazykovej zručnosti počúvanie s porozumením a na motiváciu študentov venovať sa vo zvýšenej miere počúvaniu nahrávok v cudzom jazyku. Vo výskume sme použili metódy kvantitatívneho výskumu, ako sú experiment, vstupný test, výstupný test a dotazníkovú metódu. Výskum prebiehal na Ekonomickej univerzite v Bratislave a experimentu sa zúčastnilo 60 respondentov. Prostredníctvom vstupného a výstupného testu sme zistili do akej miery bola jazyková zručnosť počúvanie s porozumením ovplyvnená u respondentov  experimentálnej skupiny. Na analýzu získaných dát sme použili štatistický program SPSS. Výsledky potvrdili, že používanie podcastu vo výučbe cudzieho jazyka má vplyv na rozvoj jazykovej zručnosti počúvanie s porozumením. Dotazníkovou metódou sme zisťovali do akej miery malo používanie podcastu vplyv na motiváciu respondentov počúvať vo zvýšenej miere nahrávky v cudzom jazyku. Analýza odpovedí potvrdila, že respondenti vnímali podcast ako novú, netradičnú formu doplnku tradičnej výučby, ktorá mala vplyv na ich motiváciu venovať sa vo zvýšenej miere počúvaniu cudzieho jazyka. Výskum potvrdil, že podcast, ako jeden z nástrojov Web 2.0, má pozitívny vplyv na rozvoj jazykovej zručnosti počúvanie s porozumením.
M-learning ve výuce ekonomického jazyka: Jak využít smartphone k rovnoměrnému rozvoji všech řečových dovedností
Authors: Kalousková Lenka
Published: May 2021

Článek se zabývá současnými aspekty výuky cizího ekonomického jazyka v oblasti terciárního vzdělávání se zřetelem na nové digitální technologie, které přinášejí zcela novou dimenzi do koncepce jazykové výuky na vysokých školách. Díky rozsáhlému používání mobilních zařízení jako jsou smartphony a tablety se stal m-learning účinným nástrojem při prezenční fázi výuky i v rámci řízeného samostudia. Cílem této práce je ukázat, jak lze pomoci m-learningu rovnoměrně rozvíjet a podporovat individuální řečové dovednosti. Na závěr je jako ilustrativní příklad připojen konkrétní scénář použití m-learningu v rámci tzv. hybridního konceptu výuky.