bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimización de costos y tiempos de las partidas de mayor incidencia en proyectos viales de la región sierra centro y sur, mediante la metodología BIM
Authors:   , Díaz Farfán Bruno , Rivera Vera Maritza Noelia
Published: June 2021

Metodología BIM es un proceso que involucra la generación, gestión e integración de datos de un proyecto de construcción utilizando softwares dinámicos, los cuales se complementan, según su disciplina o campo de acción, con otras aplicaciones. De esta forma, BIM permite al proyecto cumplir todas sus fases, logrando que el contenido pueda ser utilizado con eficiencia y así evitar los reprocesos e incompatibilidades. La presente investigación tiene como enfoque la aplicación de esta metodología para la optimización del costo y el tiempo en proyectos viales, ya que diversos estudios determinan que existe una enorme brecha en la infraestructura de transporte vial del país que requiere especial atención. Buscar cerrar tal brecha, generando proyectos competitivos y con metodologías innovadoras, supone una gran oportunidad de crecimiento y desarrollo, especialmente en la región sierra centro y sur, donde se concentra un gran porcentaje de la pobreza existente en el país. Por tanto, esta investigación se centra en proyectos pertenecientes a dicha zona.
Modelo de una solución ECM Open Source basado en cloud computing para una PYME del sector manufactura
Authors:   , Montesinos Rosales Andrea Yadira , Salas Villacorta Rolando Sebastian
Published: June 2021

En la actualidad, las empresas deben mantener estructurados y organizados todos sus recursos de información, desean también tener un canal que unifique todo en un solo repositorio con el objetivo de darle una estructura y ponerlos a rápida disposición de sus colaboradores, clientes y proveedores logrando optimizar sus procesos y obteniendo una ventaja competitiva, ya que la información estará siempre ordenada y disponible cuando se necesite. Es por ello que para lograr este objetivo muchas de las empresas implementan software de gestión de contenido empresarial (ECM). Con estos sistemas, las empresas no solo mantienen organizada y estructurada su información, sino también logran crear un ambiente colaborativo que ayuda a gestionar y mejorar el trabajo en equipo que se da dentro de la organización, a la vez es posible que puedan crear un canal de intercambio de información con su entorno, respondiendo las necesidades de sus clientes, proveedores o entidades gubernamentales. Con el paso del tiempo y los avances tecnológicos, los ECM han ido evolucionando, ahora están siendo potenciados por la presencia del Cloud Computing y gracias a ella ahora no solo se puede organizar información y colaborar desde el ambiente mismo de trabajo con un dispositivo asignado, sino desde cualquier parte y desde cualquier dispositivo que tenga acceso a internet. Gracias también a la tecnología Cloud, los ECM están llegando al alcance de todo tipo de empresas, incluidas PYMES. El presente proyecto está destinado a mostrar un modelo de implementación de un software ECM potenciado por Cloud en una PYME.
Solución tecnológica para el monitoreo de los planes de acción de una evaluación del aprendizaje por competencias en universidades
Authors:   , García Yuffra Juan Miguel , Rosas Ramirez Alondra Mercedes
Published: June 2021

La presente tesis propone una solución tecnológica que automatice el proceso de monitoreo de los planes de acción generados para mejorar la tasa del logro de la competencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios, con el objetivo de mejorar el proceso de evaluación por competencias. Nuestra propuesta permite el monitoreo automatizado de los planes de acción gracias a un sistema con características, tales como: (1) registro de los planes a través de formularios con un diseño de experiencia de usuario, (2) visualización y descarga de dashboards personalizados para cada nivel del plan de acción o, en general, con todos los planes de un usuario específico para el análisis y la toma de decisiones, (3) carga y descarga de evidencias sobre el cumplimiento de las acciones de mejora, (4) creación de informes para el seguimiento de planes de acción en formatos apropiados para facilitar la lectura, y (5) envío de notificaciones por correo electrónico sobre cualquier cambio en el plan. La propuesta se describe en dos partes: (1) la automatización del proceso de monitoreo, (2) las funcionalidades de la solución y (3) la arquitectura tecnológica diseñada. Con el fin de validar la propuesta, se desarrolló una encuesta para ser respondida por expertos de calidad educativa en una institución universitaria. Los resultados mostraron que el 93.8 % de los participantes consideran que la solución contribuye a la mejora del logro de las competencias, asimismo se demostró que el monitoreo de los planes de acción se realiza con un 99,6% de mayor eficiencia, lo que facilita su cumplimiento de acuerdo con los parámetros de costo, tiempo e impacto planificado, además, contribuye con la mejora continua de la evaluación basada en competencias.
Optimización del grado de inclinación de taludes provisionales sin sostenimiento en el Conglomerado de lima mediante la técnica de retroanálisis basado en el método de Equilibrio Límite
Authors:   , Osores Tumbalobos Ana Belén
Published: June 2021

La presente tesis de investigación fue elaborada con la finalidad de contribuir con el estudio de la construcción de rampas de acceso a excavaciones mediante el análisis de los taludes provisionales sin sostenimiento que garanticen la estabilidad global en el Conglomerado de Lima. Las rampas de acceso son estructuras provisionales cuya construcción no se rige bajo normativas o indicaciones establecidas, además no contempla un estudio, se basa en la experiencia del responsable en obra. La ciudad de Lima se emplaza sobre un suelo gravoso el cual contribuye a que sea posible optimizar el grado de inclinación de los taludes provisionales. El alcance de este trabajo consiste en modelar una rampa de acceso en el conglomerado típico de Lima aplicando las sobrecargas existentes de la maquinaria y realizar un análisis de estabilidad global frente a condiciones estáticas y pseudodinámicas. Mediante la técnica de retroanálisis basándose en el método de Equilibrio Límite en Slide se estimarán los parámetros de resistencia mínimos característicos de la grava de Lima, el parámetro de cohesión y ángulo de fricción. A partir de ello se procederá a la optimización de los taludes, evaluando los diferentes grados de inclinación, y se estimarán las deformaciones producidas en los taludes a través del programa Plaxis, basado en Elementos Finitos. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones obtenidas de la presente tesis de investigación, además de brindar recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones relacionadas a este tema.
Análisis sobre la influencia en el proceso logístico entre el uso del puerto del Callao y el puerto de Matarani para las importadoras de Lubricantes que comercializan a empresas mineras en la región Sur
Authors:   , Castro Makabe Mariann , Solís Vallejo Ximena Alejandra
Published: June 2021

La presente tesis está compuesta por 5 capítulos los cuales serán desarrollados líneas abajo. En modo de resumen, el primer capítulo consta del marco teórico, el cual tiene dos apartados. El primero de ellos, los antecedentes que suman un total de 8 tesis entre nacionales e internacionales. Las mismas que nos servirán de ayuda para contextualizar el presente estudio. En segundo lugar, las bases teóricas que constan de libros que ayudaran a poder entender ciertos conceptos e ideas que están mencionados en el estudio realizado. El segundo capítulo, menciona la situación problemática en base a noticias del sector a estudiar, abarca desde el problema inicial hasta los objetivos específicos. El tercer capítulo hace mención de la metodología de trabajo que incluye el tipo de investigación, diseño de la investigación y la operalizaciòn de las variables. En este capítulo se darán a conocer cuáles son las variables dependientes e independientes que pudimos identificar. El proceso de muestreo será también considerado en este capítulo, en donde se ha optado por colocarlo por número de partida y así realizar un análisis especifico. En el capítulo 4, se realizará el desarrollo y aplicación, en el mismo se explicarán las etapas de aplicación de las encuestas. Por último, en el capítulo 5 se explicarán los resultados obtenidos. Luego de analizar cada uno de estos capítulos, se podrán dar las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Cada uno de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis, nos permitirá identificar si existe o no una influencia en el proceso logístico entre el uso del puerto del Callao y el puerto de Matarani para las importadoras de Lubricantes que comercializan a empresas mineras en la región sur.
PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Klimenkova A. A. , Geller L. N. , Skripko A. A. , Gravchenko L. A. , Korzhavykh E. A.
Published: June 2021

The aimof the review is to provide an analysis and generalization of the main directions of research in the sphere of pharmaceutical services, and their characteristics associated with the determination of their main development trends.

Materials and methods. For the analysis, the information store on the basis of scientific publications by Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to research in the field of pharmaceutical services (PSs), has been used. The search for publications was carried out in the open and accessible sources of the latest twenty years (the retrospective period of 2001-2021), located in scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, Medline / PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Google-academy, J-stage. When forming the information array, the search for publications was carried out according to the following requests: pharmaceutical services (pharmaceutical care services), the provision of pharmaceutical services, the quality of pharmaceutical services. For the conceptualization of the study, 87 scientific publications obtained as a result of information retrieval, have been used.

Results.In the course of the study, a logical and structural analysis of the main directions in which research in the field of providing PSs in our country is developing, has been carried out. The main trends in the study of the providing services’ activity in the sphere of drug circulation, are characterized. A comprehensive analysis of the category of "pharmaceutical service" has been carried out. The terminological content of this concept, the groups of features characterizing the economic and social essence of educational institutions have been generalized, and the most characteristic features that make up the structure and content of educational institutions, have been identified. The existing approaches to the development of the nomenclature and types of PSs have been analyzed and the systematization of pharmaceutical works and services using the process approach, have been proposed by the authors.

Conclusion.The conducted study indicates the presence of several directions in the development of research in the field of providing PSs, aimed at improving the quality of services for the population in pharmaceutical organizations. However, the most important role in the research is assigned to the study and assessment of the quality of educational institutions, the development of approaches to its optimization. As evidenced by the results of the analysis and generalization, the most successful activity in the provision of services in the field of drug circulation requires the implementation of a process approach and the implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMSs).
DENDRIMERS IN ANTICANCER TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE
Authors: Amjad A. M.
Published: June 2021

Dendrimers are nanoparticles with unique features including globular 3D shape and nanometer size. The availability of numerous terminal functional groups and modifiable surface engineering permit modification of dendrimer surface with several therapeutic agents, diagnostic moieties and targeting substances.

The aim. To enlighten the readers regarding design, development, limitations, challenges and future directions regarding anticancer bio-dendrimers.

Materials and methods. The data base was represented by such systems as Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed. gov, Google-Academy. A search was carried out for the following keywords and combinations: Polypropylene imine (PPI); Poly-L-lysine (PLL); polyamidoamine (PAMAM); cancer; drug delivery; dendrimers.

Results. High encapsulation of drug and effective passive targeting are also among their therapeutic uses. Herein, we have described latest developments in chemotherapeutic delivery of drugs by dendrimers. For the most part, the potential and efficacy of dendrimers are anticipated to have considerable progressive effect on drug targeting and delivery.

Conclusion. The newest discoveries have shown that the dendritic nanocarriers have many unique features that endorse more research and development.
FATORES QUE IMPACTAM NA DEPENDÊNCIA E COMPORTAMENTO DE COMPRA DE SMARTPHONES
Authors: Freitas Railana Morais de , Silva Mariangela Amaral e , Rosa Ana Claudia Da
Published: June 2021

A pesquisa caracterizou-se como quantitativa e descritiva, baseando-se no modelo de Ting et al. (2011), formado pelos construtos: conveniência, influência e necessidades sociais, dependência e comportamento de compra. O objetivo geral foi investigar o impacto dos fatores conveniência, necessidades e influências sociais na dependência do uso de smartphones, bem como o impacto dessa dependência de uso no comportamento de compra de smartphones em acadêmicos de um Instituto Federal. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários. Evidenciou-se que a conveniência e influências sociais impactam na dependência de smartphone e a dependência de uso impacta no comportamento de compra.
O USO DE ESTUDOS DE CASO NA PESQUISA EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO: UM PANORAMA EM PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS DE ALTO IMPACTO
Authors: Arruda Pablo Luiz de , Silva Grasiano Freitas da , Luz Théo Augustus , Junges Ivone , Mussi Clarissa Carneiro
Published: June 2021

Este artigo identifica as características das pesquisas de administração que utilizaram o método de estudo de caso. Aplicou-se modo de investigação misto, estratégia de coleta de dados bibliográfica e objetivos exploratório e descritivo. Dentre os principais resultados, identificaram-se 277 publicações entre 2010 e 2020. O Brasil registrou 86,71% de participação. 97,47% das pesquisas foram empíricas e 80,14% qualitativas. Os casos mais estudados são de ‘estratégia em organizações’ nas ‘empresas’ privadas. Na coleta de dados, destacaram-se a técnica documental e entrevista semiestruturada. A análise de conteúdo evidenciou-se como método de análise de dados, e os softwares ATLAS.ti e NVivo se sobressaíram.
PROPOSTA DE MODELO DE NEGÓCIO: “CLUBE DE CULTURA DE SALVADOR”
Authors: Neto Paulo Antônio Fernandes , Silva Marcelo Santana , Teles Eduardo Oliveira , Rocha Angela Machado , Lopes Jerisnaldo Matos
Published: June 2021

O mercado cultural em Salvador clama por auxílio, diversos são os equipamentos culturais que se encontram praticamente abandonados, além disso, há uma ausência de mecanismos para formação de plateia para teatros, museus e exposições. O objetivo do estudo foi a elaboração de uma proposta de modelo de negócio para o mercado teatral em Salvador/BA. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento do mercado cultural soteropolitano e com base na metodologia estratégica do Modelo de Negócio Canvas, propõe-se um modelo genérico ajustado às necessidades de mercado. Os resultados demonstram que as ações irão estimular o acesso à cultura, gerando emprego e renda.
Boyarina Morozova as a spiritual daughter of Protopop Avvakum
Authors: Zalewska Anna
Published: June 2021

Целью настоящей статьи является анализ как личной, так и публичной религиозной жизни Феодосии Морозовой в контексте отношений между ней и ее духовным отцом Аввакумом Петровым. Материалом исследования послужили, в частности автобиография протопопа и его переписка с боярыней. Известная аристократка и вдова Глеба Морозова решила бросить все материальные богатства, чтобы полностью посвятить себя Богу и старой вере, а также людям, нуждающимся в помощи. Морозова пыталась делать все, чтобы соблюдать заповеди Христовы, а верность старым обрядам считала тем, чего ожидал от нее Бог — она отказалась даже от своего единственного сына Ивана. Боярыня получила среди своих современников сильную поддержку, потому что большая часть народа видела в ней свою защитницу и символ бунта против царской власти. Тем не менее нравственная оценка жизненных выборов Морозовой возможна лишь в контексте моральности, а также социально-политической обстановки в ее эпоху.
Admissibility of a medical staff strike from the employees’, employers’ and social interest perspective
Authors: Tlatlik Justyna
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to assess the admissibility of a medical staff strike from the perspective of the employees’, employers’, and social interest. The applicable labor law regulations do not give an unambiguous answer to the question whether medical workers have the right to strike, since striking is a special instrumentality for employees to protect their rights. On the one hand, the labor law does not literally deprive medical staff of the right to strike. On the other hand, there are numerous arguments supporting the notion that a strike of medical staff causes a threat to the health and life of patients who are deprived of medical care during a strike. Regulating the issue is therefore of significant importance, not only social, but also to the employment relationship parties.
Implementation of the freedom of establishment in relation to the notary profession, with particular emphasis on mutual recognition of professional qualifications
Authors: Pawiłowicz Karolina
Published: June 2021

The possibility of applying the freedom of establishment to notaries is a complex legal issue due to the characteristics of this profession, mainly considering the connection of EU notaries with the operation of the state apparatus as established in individual member states. Additionally, as it seems, it is an ambiguously regulated area in the field of mutual recognition of professional qualifications. The research problem discussed in this article is a consideration whether, firstly, despite the legal nature of their profession (which, moreover, is not uniform for all member states), notaries as a professional group may exercise the freedom of establishment and, secondly, if in consequence they may be subject to mutual recognition of professional qualifications, and if so — on what legal basis.
Liquidated damages for failure to pay or delayed payment of remuneration to subcontractors — comments on the background of the resolution of the Supreme Court of 30 June 2020, III CZP 67/19
Authors: Herl Cyprian
Published: June 2021

The subject of this work is the issue of the admissibility of stipulating liquidated damages for failure to pay or delayed payment of remuneration to subcontractors in the light of article 483 par. 1 of the Civil Code, which allows stipulating contractual penalties only in non-pecuniary obligations. The basis for the considerations is the content of the resolution of the Supreme Court of June 30th, 2020 (III CZP 67/19), which took a firm position in the ongoing legal discourse. This publication is a comparison on the basis of the previous jurisprudence and the doctrine of the relationship between liquidated damages defined in article 483 par. 1 of the Civil Code, and liquidated damages provided for in the Act of 29th January 2004 — Public Procurement Law.
Legal status of a renewables self-consumer under Polish law in light of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
Authors: Kupiec Bartłomiej
Published: June 2021

The rapid spread of RES technologies, due to regulatory pressure and a dramatic decrease in their construction and operation costs, makes it possible for citizens to become active participants in the energy market. European Union’s legislation demands that citizens should be empowered to actively participate in the energy market by responding to market signals and in return benefit from lower electricity prices or other incentives. The aim of the article is to present and evaluate the concept of the renewables self-consumer regulated in the Polish Renewable Energy Sources Act in the light of the content of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11th December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
Dual listing as a factor of European capital markets integration — introductory issues
Authors: Rucińska Majka
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an introduction to the problems relating to dual listings (also referred to as cross-listings, parallel listings, double listings), i.e. simultaneous listings of a company’s shares on at least two stock exchanges, subject rarely discussed in doctrine. The paper analyses dual listing as a factor of the integration of the European capital markets and touches upon terminological issues of key importance for the subject.
Género y tortura. Simone de Beauvoir y Gisèle Halimi ante el caso de Djamila Boupacha
Authors: Bea Pérez Emilia
Published: June 2021

La primera denuncia de violencia sexual como práctica de tortura en la guerra de Argelia se debe a Djamila Boupacha. Su causa fue defendida ante los tri­bunales argelinos y franceses por la abogada feminista, Gisèle Halimi, y tuvo una gran repercusión pública gracias al apoyo de Simone de Beauvoir y a la movilización de un comité conformado sobre todo por mujeres, en el intento de dar relevancia política y jurídica a un asunto destinado a permanecer oculto. El trabajo valora el enfoque anticolonial y antipatriarcal con que se afrontó el caso, analiza todo el proceso judicial y llama la atención sobre aquellos elementos que prefiguran la evolución del derecho hacia una justicia de género.
Los Centros de Atención Temporal de extranjeros como nuevo modelo de control migratorio: situación actual, (des)regulación jurídica y mecanismos de control de derechos y garantías
Authors: Barbero Iker
Published: June 2021

En los últimos años, con el incremento de rescates y llegadas a costas euro­peas por vías marítimas de personas migrantes se ha producido un cambio en el modelo de contención. En el caso concreto del Estado español, si anteriormen­te eran los Centros de Internamiento para Extranjeros (CIE) o los Centros de Estancia Temporal para Inmigrantes (CETI) los dispositivos para la gestión de las llegadas y derivación hacia otros procedimientos de extranjería, en la actua­lidad, siguiendo la lógica humanitaria-gerencial del control de fronteras, se han creado de facto los denominados Centros de Atención Temporal de Extranjeros o CATE. Se trata de edificios o recintos vallados en zonas portuarias donde se mantiene detenidas a las personas durante un máximo de 72 horas para pro­ceder a su reseña policial y atención humanitaria. En este artículo se argu­ mentará que la ausencia de una regulación legal de estos centros, además de añadir inseguridad jurídica a las actuaciones del personal de la Administración pública, dificulta el reconocimiento derechos fundamentales de las personas en ellos recluidas y omite mecanismos de control imprescindibles propios de una sociedad democrática.
Sobre el minimalismo anti-conflictivista y liberal: un análisis desde la perspectiva de la interest theory y del enfoque dinámico
Authors: Zezza Michele
Published: June 2021

El artículo describe dos enfoques minimalistas en materia de reconocimiento y protección de los derechos: las variantes anti-conflictivista y liberal. En ello, se reconstruyen sus fundamentos histórico-culturales y se destacan los principa­les elementos de su insostenibilidad teórica. Para este fin, se utilizan algunas herramientas teóricas derivadas de la combinación de la interest theory con un enfoque dinámico
Javier de LUCAS, Nosotros, que quisimos tanto a Atticus Finch. De las raíces del supremacismo al Black Lives Matter
Authors: García Cívico Jesús
Published: June 2021

Este artículo reseña:  Javier de LUCAS, Nosotros, que quisimos tanto a Atticus Finch. De las raíces del supremacismo al Black Lives Matter, Tirant lo Blanch, 2020, 218 pp.
Ana María MARCOS del CANO (ed.), En tiempos de vulnerabilidad: reflexión desde los derechos humanos
Authors: Merayo Fernández Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

Este artículo reseña: Ana María MARCOS del CANO (ed.), En tiempos de vulnerabilidad: Reflexión desde los derechos humanos, Dykinson, Madrid, 2020, 225 pp.
Roger CAMPIONE, La plausibilidad del derecho en la era de la inteligencia artificial. Filosofía carbónica y filosofía silícica del derecho
Authors: Aldave Orzaiz Ana
Published: June 2021

Este artículo reseña: Roger CAMPIONE, La plausibilidad del derecho en la era de la inteligencia artificial. Filosofía carbónica y filosofía silícica del derecho. Dykinson, Madrid, 2020, 163 pp.
Financial System Stability and Manufacturing Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Saliu Mojeed Olanrewaju
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the relationship between the three measures of manufacturing performance [manufacturing production growth rate (MPGR), share of manufacturing in GDP (SMGDP), capacity utilization rate (CUR)] and the variables of financial system stability [exchange rate (EXR), fiscal deficit (FD), lending rate (LR), saving rate (SR), consumer price index (CPI), bank loan to manufacturing sector (BLM)]. The study uses Johansen cointegration and Parsimonious error correction model as the estimation techniques. Findings from the results of the study reveals that there is a long-run relationship between the three measures of manufacturing performance (i.e. MPGR, SMGDP and CUR) and the variables of financial system stability in Nigeria during the period under review. Also, consumer price index (CPI) and lending rate (LR) have negative and significant impacts on manufacturing production growth rate (MPGR) in Nigeria. In addition, fiscal deficit (FD) and lending rate (LR) have significant and negative effect on share of manufacturing in GDP (SMGDP). Lastly, banks loan to manufacturing sector (BLM) has significant negative effect on capacity utilization rate (CUR) while exchange rate (EXR) has positive and significant impact on capacity utilization rate (CUR).
The evolution of relations between resource companies and indigenous peoples in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Smorchkova V.
Published: June 2021

Conflicts and problems in relations between the indigenous peoples of Russia’s Arctic and resource companies are solved by different methods. Business provides material support for social and economic development of the indigenous peoples, and helps to improve the state of their education, health and to preserve their traditional ways of life and cultures. Despite this, a number of issues remain unresolved. The evolving network of the UN Global Compact in Russia helps businesses and indigenous peoples to improve their partnership practices, to implement new ideas and mechanisms of interaction, and to search for social consensus in the process of developing the Russian Arctic. Overall, the level of resource and industrial companies’ interaction with indigenous communities is critical for sustainable development of the Russian Arctic.
The U.S.-China technological war through the prism of techno-nationalism
Authors: Danilin I.
Published: June 2021

The “technological war” between the United States and China that started in 2017–2018 raises a number of questions about the future role of technological development as a factor in relations between superpowers. Analysis shows that for the United States this conflict is caused by changing balance of risks and benefits of the liberal model of globalization due to the rise of China`s power and growing geopolitical tensions between the two nations. In this context, emerging, especially digital, technologies appear to be a new battlefield between superpowers. Within the realist framework, actors consider emerging technologies as a key factor for strengthening their global postures. This, among other things, contributes to securitized technological agenda and strengthens its geopolitical dimension. Neo-technonationalism has become the platform that integrates different processes and goals into new U.S. policy. Although historically neo-technonationalism took its roots in Asia, the evolving market situation prompted the United States to rethink existing approaches and to upgrade the techno-nationalist dimension of its policy. Considering similar policies of China and the EU (i. e. the European digital sovereignty policy), this trend shapes new realities of technological “blocs”, the struggle for expansion of technological platforms, and technological conflicts. Taking into account prospective development needs of the global economy and future specification of mutual interest areas, as new digital technologies mature, the ground for normalizing the dialogue between the superpowers will emerge. However, at least in the U.S.–China case, this issue will be complicated by geopolitical contradictions that leave little room for any serious compromise.
INDONESIAN CAPITAL MARKET REACTION TO COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC
Authors: Kamala Novi Syaifatun , Fajar Muhammad Andryzal
Published: June 2021

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the absence of an average abnormal return, average volume trading activity, and bid-ask spread of stocks in the period around the event of the COVID-19 announcement as a global pandemic. The statement of the COVID-19 as the global pandemic of the World Health Organization (WHO) made the Indonesian capital market touch the lowest point at the level of 4,929.56.

This study used the event study with the windows period for 11 days, which was five days before the announcement, the day of the announcement, and five days after the announcement. This type of research was a quantitative research using secondary data of the stock daily data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange at www.idx.co.id and also some other sites that support such as Yahoo Finance. Sampling techniques used were purposive sampling and as many as 44 companies that meet data completeness criteria. The data analysis technique used was a non-parametric t-test using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.

The results of this study show that there is a difference in Average Abnormal Return in the period t-5 & t+5, t-4 & t+4, t-2 & t+2, and t-1 & t+1. The Average Trading Volume Activity indicates there is no significant difference in all periods of observation between before and after the announcement. Meanwhile, the Bid-Ask Spread shows a significant difference before and after the announcement in all periods for 11 days of observation.
Economic Growth And Unemployment: An Empirical Assessment of Okun’s Law In The Case of Liberia
Authors: Conteh Kaiballah
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between economic growth and unemployment in Liberia between 2001 and 2019. The unit root test and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Co-integration test were used to examine the relationship between unemployment and GDP. The Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) bounds test is used to determine if the variables are linked in the long run. According to the results of the ARDL model, there is no long-run relationship between unemployment and economic growth. This study' results have particularly important policy implications for Liberian economic authorities. In both the long and medium term, the observational results showed no meaningful relationship between unemployment and economic growth. The Liberian government should direct its spending toward activities that directly and indirectly promote the creation of employment and decent jobs, a conducive environment and flexible labor market policies or legislation that are not impediments to job creation, and finally, the government should prioritize labor intensive industries.
Focality Oriented Selection of Current Dose for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Kashyap Rajan , Bhattacharjee Sagarika , Arumugam Ramaswamy , Bharath Rose Dawn , Udupa Kaviraja , Oishi Kenichi , Desmond John E. , Chen S.H. Annabel , Guan Cuntai
Published: June 2021

Background: In Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) the injected current gets distributed across the brain areas. The motive is to stimulate the target region-of-interest (ROI), while minimizing the current in non-target ROIs. For this purpose, determining the appropriate current-dose for an individual is difficult. Aim: To introduce Dose-Target-Determination-Index (DTDI) to quantify the focality of tDCS and examine the dose-focality relationship in three different populations. Method: Here, we extended our previous toolbox i-SATA to the MNI reference space. After a tDCS montage is simulated for a current-dose, the i-SATA(MNI) computes the average (over voxels) current density for every region in the brain. DTDI is the ratio of average current density at target ROI to the ROI with maximum value (peak region). Ideally target ROI should be the peak region, so DTDI shall range from 0 to 1. Higher the value, the better the dose. We estimated the variation of DTDI within and across individuals using T1-weighted brain images of 45 males and females distributed equally across three age groups- (a) Young adults (20 ≥ x ˂ 40 years), (b) Mid adults (40 ≥ x ˂ 60 years), and (c) Older adults (60 ≥ x ˂ 80 years). DTDI’s were evaluated for the frontal montage with electrodes at F3 and right supra-orbital for three current doses 1mA, 2mA, and 3mA with the target ROI at left middle frontal gyrus. Result: As the dose is incremented, DTDI may show (a) increase, (b) decrease, and (c) no change across the individuals. The focality decreases with age and the decline is stronger in males. Higher current dose at older age can enhance the focality of stimulation. Conclusion: DTDI provides information on which tDCS current dose will optimize the focality of stimulation. DTDI recommended dose should be prioritised based on the age (> 40 years) and sex (especially males) of an individual. The toolbox i-SATA(MNI) is freely available.
Environmental Fate of Glyphosate in Citrus Production Soils of Florida
Authors: Gairhe Biwek , Liu Wenwen , Dittmar Peter J. , Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Batuman Ozgur , Kanissery Ramdas G.
Published: June 2021

Chemical weed control using herbicide glyphosate to manage emerged weeds is an important production practice in Florida citrus. Despite the extensive use of glyphosate in citrus orchards, very limited information is available on its environmental fate and behavior in Florida soils that are predominantly sandy in nature. Hence, the study's objective was to understand the adsorption-desorption, dissipation dynamics, and vertical movement or leaching of glyphosate in sandy soils in citrus orchards. Laboratory, field, and greenhouse experiments were conducted at Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee, Florida. The adsorption-desorption behavior of glyphosate in the soils from three major citrus production areas in Florida was studied utilizing a batch equilibrium method. The dissipation of glyphosate was tracked in the field following its application at the rate of 4.20 kg ae ha-1. Soil leaching columns in greenhouse conditions were used to study the vertical movement of glyphosate. The results suggest that glyphosate has a relatively lower range of adsorption or binding (Kads = 14.28 to 30.88) in the tested soil types. The field dissipation half-life (DT50) of glyphosate from surface soil was found to be 26 days. Glyphosate moved vertically or leached into the soil profile, up to 40 cm in the soil column, when analyzed 40 days after herbicide application. The primary degradation product of glyphosate, i.e., aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), was also detected up to the depth of 30 cm below the soil surface, indicating the presence of microbial metabolism of glyphosate in the soil.
Schuster – Schwarzschild model for cylindrically symmetric flows of the radiating gas
Authors: Krukovskiy Alexander Yur’evich , Boldarev Aleksey Sergeevich , Olkhovskaya Olga Gourgenovna
Published: June 2021

The paper presents an algorithm for calculating radiative heat transfer in an emitting and absorbing gas based on the Schuster – Schwarzschild approximation for the case of a cylindrically symmetric flow. In this approximation, the radiation energy density is calculated as a quadrature of the absorption coefficient and the emissivity of the plasma. This quadrature is used to calculate the contribution of radiative heat transfer to the energy balance of the gas flow. An algorithm is described for constructing a one-dimensional adaptive difference mesh for the numerical calculation of the radiative energy transfer equation, which makes it possible to obtain a high-precision numerical solution on a mesh of a smaller dimension than the original “gas-dynamic” mesh. On test examples simulating the spatial inhomogeneity of the radiation field, a numerical comparison of the proposed method with some diffusion-type methods on the initial gas-dynamic and adapted computational meshes is carried out.
Elbow Overuse Injuries in Pediatric Female Gymnastic Athletes
Authors: Wilson Philip L. , Wyatt Charles W. , Searls William C. , Carpenter Connor M. , Zynda Aaron J. , Vite Lorenzo , Ellis Henry B.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Radial head stress fractures (RHSFs) and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (COCD) are rare but may be seen in gymnasts. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic characteristics and the outcomes of RHSF and COCD in pediatric and adolescent gymnastic athletes.

Methods:

Classical gymnasts and competitive tumblers ≤18 years of age presenting with RHSF or COCD over a 5-year period were reviewed. Radiographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes were compared.

Results:

Fifty-eight elbows (39 with COCD and 19 with RHSF) were studied; the mean patient age was 11.6 years. Gymnastic athletes with RHSF competed at a higher level; of the athletes who competed at level ≥7, the rate was 95% of elbows in the RHSF group and 67% of elbows in the COCD group. The RHSF group presented more acutely with more valgus stress pain than those with COCD (p < 0.01) and demonstrated increased mean valgus angulation (and standard deviation) of the radial neck-shaft angle (13° ± 3.8° for the RHSF group and 9.3° ± 2.8° for the COCD group; p < 0.01) and decreased mean proximal radial epiphyseal height (3.7 ± 0.6 mm for the RHSF group and 4.2 ± 1.5 mm for the COCD group; p < 0.01). At a minimum of 2 years (range, 2.0 to 6.3 years), the RHSF group reported fewer symptoms; the QuickDASH (abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire) score was 1.75 ± 3.84 points for the RHSF group and 7.45 ± 7.54 points for the COCD group (p < 0.01). Those at a high level (≥7) were more likely to return to gymnastics independent of pathology, with the RHSF group reporting higher final activity levels with the mean Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) score at 26.0 ± 7.5 points compared with the COCD group at 23.6 ± 5.7 points (p < 0.05). Of the 9 patients with bilateral COCD, only 3 (33%) returned to gymnastics.

Conclusions:

RHSF with features similar to the more familiar COCD lesion may present in gymnastic athletes. Those with RHSF may present more acutely with a high competitive level and may have a better prognosis for return to competitive gymnastics than those with COCD.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is Immobilization Necessary for Early Return to Work Following Distal Biceps Repair Using a Cortical Button Technique?
Authors: Bergman Joseph W. , Silveira Anelise , Chan Robert , Lapner Michael , Hildebrand Kevin A. , Le Ian L.D. , Sheps David M. , Beaupre Lauren A. , Lalani Aleem
Published: June 2021

Background:

Improvements in surgical fixation to repair distal biceps tendon ruptures have not fully translated to earlier postoperative mobilization; it is unknown whether earlier mobilization affords earlier functional return to work. This parallel-arm randomized controlled trial compared the impact of early mobilization versus 6 weeks of postoperative immobilization following distal biceps tendon repair.

Methods:

One hundred and one male participants with a distal biceps tendon rupture that was amenable to a primary repair with use of a cortical button were randomized to early mobilization (self-weaning from sling and performance of active range of motion as tolerated during first 6 weeks) (n = 49) or 6 weeks of immobilization (splinting for 6 weeks with no active range of motion) (n = 52). Follow-up assessments were performed by a blinded assessor at 2 and 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months. At 12 months, distal biceps tendon integrity was verified with ultrasound. The primary outcome was return to work. Secondary outcomes were pain, range of motion, strength, shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, and tendon integrity. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used to compare pain, range of motion, strength, and QuickDASH between the groups over time; return to work was assessed with use of independent t tests.

Results:

The groups were similar preoperatively (p ≥ 0.16). The average age (and standard deviation) was 44.7 ± 8.6 years. Eighty-three participants (82%) were followed to 12 months. There were no differences between the groups in terms of return to work (p ≥ 0.83). Participants in the early mobilization group had significantly more passive forearm supination (p = 0.04), with passive forearm pronation (p = 0.06) and active extension and supination (p = 0.09) trending toward significantly greater range of motion in the early mobilization group relative to the immobilization group. Participants in the early mobilization group had significantly better QuickDASH scores over time than those in the immobilization group (p = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups in terms of pain (p ≥ 0.45), active range of motion (p ≥ 0.09), or strength (p ≥ 0.70). Two participants (2.0%, 1 in each group) had full-thickness tears on ultrasound at 12 months (p = 0.61). Compliance was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.16).

Conclusions:

Early motion after distal biceps tendon repair with cortical button fixation is well tolerated and does not appear to be associated with adverse outcomes. No clinically important group differences were seen.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Correlation Between Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Health Insurance Provider Types in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Greene Brady D. , Lange Jeffrey K. , Heng Marilyn , Melnic Christopher M. , Smith Jeremy T.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently utilized to assess patient perceptions of health and function. Numerous factors influence self-reported physical and mental health outcome scores. The purpose of this study was to examine if an association exists between insurance payer type and baseline PROM scores in patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the baseline PROM scores of 5,974 patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code within our institutional database from 2015 to 2020. We examined Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (HOOS-PS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 10a (PF10a), PROMIS Global-Mental, and PROMIS Global-Physical scores. Descriptive analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and post hoc analyses were utilized to assess variations in PROM scores across insurance type.

Results:

The mean age (and standard deviation) of the study population was 63.5 ± 12.2 years, and 55.7% of patients were female. The Medicaid cohort had a comparatively higher percentage of Black, Hispanic, and non-English-speaking patients and a lower median household income. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was highest in the Medicare and Medicaid insurance cohorts. Patients utilizing commercial insurance consistently demonstrated the highest baseline PROMs, and patients utilizing Medicaid consistently demonstrated the lowest baseline PROMs. Subsequent analyses found significantly poorer mean scores for the Medicaid cohort for all 4 PROMs when compared with the commercial insurance and Medicare cohorts. These score differences exceeded the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). For the PROMIS Global-Mental subscore, a significantly lower mean score was observed for the Workers’ Compensation and motor vehicle insurance cohort when compared with the commercial insurance and Medicare cohort. This difference also exceeded the MCID.

Conclusions:

PROM scores in patients with hip osteoarthritis varied among those with different insurance types. Variations in certain demographic and health indices are potential drivers of these observed baseline PROM differences. For patients with hip osteoarthritis, the use of PROMs for research, clinical, or quality-linked payment metrics should acknowledge baseline variation between patients with different insurance types.

Level of Evidence:

PrognosticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Utility of 3-Dimensional Intraoperative Imaging in Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Pisquiy John J. , Toraih Eman A. , Hussein Mohammad H. , Khalifa Rami , Shoulah Saad A. , Abdelgawad Amr , Thabet Ahmed M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Successful surgical management of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures requires technical expertise to achieve an accurate reduction and stable fixation. The use of 3-dimensional (3D) intraoperative imaging (3DIOI) as an assessment tool has led to improved reduction and placement of implants. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using 3DIOI in the management of acetabular and pelvic fractures on the basis of outcomes reported in the literature.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and Google Scholar using key terms. A network meta-analysis conducted using the frequentist approach allowed for statistical analysis of reported outcomes regarding screw position (in mm), fracture reduction (in mm), and complications.

Results:

A total of 9 studies were included in this analysis. When compared with conventional radiography, the mean radiation dose (in cGy·cm
2
) was significantly higher in 3DIOI (mean difference, 82.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21.83 to 143.61; p = 0.007). Use of 3DIOI yielded a 93% lower risk of developing medical complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.35; p = 0.014). Use of 3DIOI yielded higher odds of achieving accurate screw placement (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.44 to 12.32; p = 0.008) and perfect reduction (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.68; p = 0.016). In ranking the imaging modalities, 12 of the 13 parameters analyzed were in favor of 3DIOI over conventional fluoroscopy and 2D navigation imaging.

Conclusions:

Current literature supports the use of 3DIOI because of the decreased rates of misplaced implants, malreduced fractures, complications, and subsequent revision operations. The use of 3DIOI allows for improved visualization of pelvic anatomy when repairing pelvic and acetabular fractures, and helps surgeons to achieve favorable surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.