bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The intertwining of knowledge sharing and creation in the digital platform based ecosystem. A conceptual study on the lens of the open innovation approach
Authors: Bereznoy Alexey , Meissner Dirk , Scuotto Veronica
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Generally, there is a common sense to consider knowledge sharing and creation as two separate processes but a new matter emerges when those processes are intertwining. In this vein, this research aims to discuss on the lens of the open innovation (OI) model how such intertwining generates digital platform-based ecosystem.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical approach is used to largely discuss the intertwining of knowledge sharing and creation in the current digital era. It debates such scenario considering past and present studies and suggests future research streamlines.

Findings

It offers a new theoretical model that can be implemented in a micro, meso and macro level where the concept of “ba” (or ba-sho) assumes the form of a digital platform where knowledge sharing is in motion and dynamically interacts with the knowledge creation.

Originality/value

By discussing the intertwining of knowledge creation and sharing in OI context along with digital trends (e.g. platform innovation ecosystems and platform innovation management), the study offers a new conceptual framework that relies on such intertwining accompanied by the concept of “ba – sho.” In this vein, research limits and new research are suggested to demonstrate and support this conceptual study.
Analyzing the critical success factors influencing Lean Six Sigma implementation: fuzzy DEMATEL approach
Authors: Raval Shruti J. , Kant Ravi , Shankar Ravi
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is receiving a tremendous attention as a modern process of streaming to improve the organizational ability and customer satisfaction. A successful LSS implementation is influenced by various factors and the execution of all the influencing factors simultaneously is a very difficult task for any organization. From the perspective of limitation of resources, this paper aims to present a basic issue in an LSS implementation of clustering complex and impacting factors into groups to achieve them in a stepwise manner. This paper aims to present a fundamental issue of clustering the complex and impacting factors of an LSS implementation into groups to achieve them stepwise.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 40 relevant influencing factors toward an LSS implementation have been identified from the extensive literature review and duly validated with experts’ opinions. Integrated fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach are demonstrated to explore the causal relationships among influencing factors of the LSS implementation. An empirical case analysis of an Indian manufacturing organization is carried out to illustrate the utilization of the proposed model.

Findings

The proposed framework effectively finds out the significance of each influencing factor of an LSS implementation and clustered into cause–effect groups. As per the results of the empirical case analysis, ten critical success factors (CSFs) of the LSS implementation are evaluated for the successful LSS implementation. Top management pays more attention to achieve them and implement them in a phase-wise approach under the limitations of accessible resources.

Research limitations/implications

The presented framework provides an effective, precise and systematic decision support tool for recognizing CSFs of the LSS implementation. The organization, decision-makers, industrial practitioners and academic researchers may be able to comprehend the cause–effect relationship of the influencing factors of the LSS implementation. The exploratory nature and the single case study are two major limitations of this analysis. The developed model is heavily dependent on the experts’ opinions; hence, any bias in judgment will influence the final result.

Originality/value

This analysis is the first of its kind of effort, according to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to classify the influencing factors of LSS implementation into the cause–effect cluster. The outcomes of this analysis make the complexity of a problem easier in handling and assisting the decision-making.
Blockchain adoption in the fashion sustainable supply chain: Pragmatically addressing barriers
Authors: Caldarelli Giulio , Zardini Alessandro , Rossignoli Cecilia
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine and overcome the barriers to the widespread adoption of blockchain technology, introducing a novel concept of sustainability in the fashion supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

This work is an exploratory study of a well-known fashion company operating in the Veneto region (Italy). Data extracted from interviews and focus groups are coded using the (CAQDAS) software AQUAD. The outcome is then organized according to an adapted TOE view.

Findings

This exploration study's findings support the idea that the blockchain solution could be a valuable add-on in sustainable supply chains. However, a high understanding of technology and extensive communication with clients is required for successful integration.

Research limitations/implications

Being the outcome of qualitative analysis, the findings require further investigation to be inferable at a broader scale. As the project is still incomplete, some managerial choices are always subject to change.

Practical implications

Focused on a practitioner approach, this paper should guide managers in the process of successfully implementing blockchain technology. Arguably, similar companies may opt for similar choices.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to contextualize and address the blockchain adoption barriers in the fashion supply chain. Furthermore, it offers an overview of how blockchain affects sustainable production.
Integrating non-financial performance indicators in budget documents: the continuing search of Dutch municipalities
Authors: Budding Tjerk , Faber Bram , Schoute Martijn
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Although the topic of performance budgeting has received considerable attention in the literature, it is mainly explored in the field of public management and administration, and little research exists in the field of public sector accounting. The purpose of this paper is to provide more insight into how non-performance indicators are integrated in budget documents, thereby bridging the gap between the literature in both fields. Furthermore, the influence of potential drivers of differences in the incorporation of non-financial performance indicators are explored.

Design/methodology/approach

This study starts with an overview of historical developments in Dutch local government for a period of 50 years. This is followed by an empirical assessment of the current incorporation of non-financial performance indicators based on a dataset of 107 municipal budget documents for FY2019.

Findings

The authors' historical overview shows that several initiatives were employed to encourage municipalities to integrate non-financial performance indicators in their budget documents. A search to connect policy and means can be observed, which has not developed linearly over time, but mostly in reaction to major changes in national legislation. The authors find a large variation among the municipalities in their current incorporation of non-financial performance indicators. Contrary to theoretical expectations, output indicators (and not outcome indicators) are most frequently incorporated. Furthermore, the authors find that more indicators are incorporated if a municipality is larger, more willing to innovate and if it has less financial resources.

Originality/value

This article contributes to the understanding of how to incorporate non-financial performance indicators in public sector financial statements. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is an area that is not explored before.
Key features of information management systems (IMSs) for automation in university libraries: a view point of information professionals in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shakeel Ahmad , Ayesha Ghulam
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the key features of information management systems (IMSs) for automation in university libraries. This study also highlights the use of library information management systems in university libraries and the satisfaction of university librarians in using various IMS.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is quantitative in nature. A survey research method has been applied to achieve the research objectives. Purposive sampling has been used to select the targeted population which consisted of 157 librarians working in university libraries. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the collected data by using SPSS software.

Findings

Free and open source software are widely used in university libraries to manage the bibliographic information of library material. KOHA is the most used software for library automation in university libraries of Pakistan. The key features of library information management system (IMS) include reliability and security of the software, user-friendly interface, advance searching options, use of library standards (MARC, Uni MARC, RDA), online upgradation, technical support of developing company, shared cataloging, multilingual features of software, etc (See Figure 4). The study recommends that the above-mentioned features must be considered by university librarians when selecting any software for library automation. Results showed that apart from the use of KOHA software, there are also some other software which are being used for library automation in university libraries of Pakistan. These systems include; Virtua, Library Management System (LMS), and Library Information Management Systems (LIMSs).

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for university librarians in Pakistan as well as in other countries. Librarians can use the results of this study as a blueprint before selecting any information management system to automate the library record.

Originality/value

This study identifies the core features of IMS for automation in libraries. These features have been recommended by informational professionals who have been working in automated libraries and possess adequate professional experience in using library automation software.
Is there alignment amongst scientific literature, news media and patient forums regarding topics?: A study of breast and lung cancer
Authors: Dehdarirad Tahereh , Freer Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Purpose

During recent years, web technologies and mass media have become prevalent in the context of medicine and health. Two examples of important web technologies used in health are news media and patient forums. Both have a significant role in shaping patients' perspective and behaviour in relation to health and illness, as well as the way that they might choose or change their treatment. In this paper, the authors investigated the application of web technologies using the data analysis approach. The authors did this analysis from the point of view of topics being discussed and disseminated via patients and journalists in breast and lung cancer. The study also investigated the (dis)alignment amongst these two groups and scientists in terms of topics.

Design/methodology/approach

Three data sets comprised documents published between 2014 and 2018 obtained from ProQuest and Web of Science Medline databases, alongside data from three major patient forums on breast and lung cancer. The analysis and visualisation in this paper have been done using the udpipe, igraph R packages and VOSviewer.

Findings

The study’s findings showed that in general scientists focussed more on prognosis and treatment of cancer, whereas patients and journalists focussed more on detection, prevention and role of social and emotional support. The only exception was for news coverage of lung cancer where the largest cluster was related to treatment, research in cancer treatment and therapies. However, when comparing coverage by scientists and journalists in terms of treatment, the focus of news articles in both cancer types was mainly on chemotherapy and complimentary therapies. Finally, topics such as lifestyle or pain management were only discussed by breast cancer patients.

Originality/value

The results obtained from this study may provide valuable insights into topics of interest for each group of scientists, journalist and patients as well as (dis)alignment among them in terms of topics. These findings are important as scientific research is heavily dependent on communication, and research does not exist in a bubble. Scientists and journalists can gain insights from patients' experiences and needs, which in turn may help them to have a more holistic and realistic view.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2020-0228
Occupational stereotypes: professionals´ warmth and competence perceptions of occupations
Authors: Strinić Andrea , Carlsson Magnus , Agerström Jens
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the current study is to investigate occupational stereotypes among a professional sample of recruiters and other employees on the two fundamental dimensions of warmth and competence.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a survey to collect professionals´ (mostly recruiters´) ratings of preselected occupations. Participants were asked to rate warmth and competence attributes. Factor and cluster analysis were employed to investigate the two-dimensional structure of the warmth/competence space and how and whether occupations cluster as predicted by the stereotype content model (SCM).

Findings

Almost all occupations showed a clear two-factorial structure, corresponding to the warmth/competence dimensions. A five-cluster solution was deemed appropriate as depicting how occupations disperse on these dimensions. Implications for stereotyping research, the design of hiring discrimination experiments, and HRM are discussed.

Originality/value

In contrast to previous related research, in which participants select the included occupations themselves, the authors included prespecified common occupations, which should be important for representativeness. In addition, previous research has been conducted in the United States, while the authors conduct this study in a European context (Sweden). Finally, instead of studying students or participants with unspecified work experience, the authors focus on professionals (mostly recruiters).
Hyperbranched additive into a high solid acrylate coating for automotive application: impact on performance and emission of volatile organic content
Authors: Meglaa Botros , Tawfik Magda , Morsy Fatma , Elsherbiny Samya , Essawy Hisham
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Automotive coating materials are very important items for this industry. However, their performance is limited by the use of excessive amounts of solvents in their formulations, whereas the emission of volatile organic solvents is against the widely ascending principle of green chemistry. Thus, this study aims to overcome this global problem to save the environment without affecting the properties and performance of the coating.

Design/methodology/approach

High solid content paint formulation for automotive applications has been designed with low amount of volatile organic solvents with the aid of a functionalized hyperbranched modifier.

Findings

It was found that the presence of a hyperbranched additive allows a high solid content to be designed and facilitate the processing, which indicates its liability to compensate the role played by excessive solvents amounts. In addition, the mechanical properties and physical characteristics of the modified coatings showed outstanding performance and preservation of clarity in comparison with the commercial counterparts.

Practical implications

A high solid content coating with facile processing and improved performance leads to cheaper price beside the positive impact on the environment considering the limited emission of volatile organic contents.

Social implications

Limitation of the used volatile organic compounds in any industry helps to save the health of humans and keep the environment unaffected.

Originality/value

The use of functionalized hyperbranched additive to automotive coatings is a very promising additive for automotive coatings with optimized characteristics.
Optimal design of venture capital financing contracts: the case of Portuguese, Spanish and German markets
Authors: Correia Maria do Rosario , Meneses Raquel F. Ch
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the use of convertible securities and control rights covenants for a sample of 53 Portuguese, Spanish and German venture capital (VC) firms.

Design/methodology/approach

A relatively new methodology in business sciences – a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis – that considers both quantitative and qualitative factors is used for obtaining a solution that best fits the empirical data.

Findings

The results show that the use of convertible securities is affected by agency predictions, namely, the anticipated severity of double-sided moral hazard problems. On the other hand, a mixed support is provided to the agency predictions regarding the use of control right covenants. The results seem to suggest that control right covenants tend to play a different role from convertible securities in the optimization of contract design for VC-backed investments.

Originality/value

Existing literature on VC contract design is extended by providing a cross-border analysis to VC financing decision.
Tick bites in Japan
Authors: Natsuaki Masaru
Published: February 2021

Ticks are blood‐sucking ectoparasites belonging to the order Acarina, class Arachnida. In Japan, eight genera and 46 species are known. Tick bite patients frequently present to dermatology clinics. The main causative species of human tick bites are Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ovatus in northern to central Japan, and Amblyomma testudinarium and Haemaphysalis longicornis in western Japan. Tick bites often occur from April to September, particularly in May through July, consistent with the active period for ticks. Although erythema usually does not develop at the tick bite site, a small area of erythema may be seen in some cases. Occasionally, an erythema larger than 50 mm in diameter are formed at the bite site, known as tick‐associated rash illness. It is thought that the erythema is a delayed‐type allergic reaction to the substances in tick saliva. Repeated tick bites induce immunoglobulin E production against galactose‐1,3‐α‐galactose, one of the substances in tick saliva, which may trigger an immediate allergic reaction. The most reliable method to remove a tick sucking blood is en bloc resection of the tick and surrounding skin under local anesthesia. Insect repellent spray containing icaridin or DEET are effective to prevent ticks from attaching and tick‐borne infections. It is important to educate not only dermatologists but also the general public regarding tick bites.
Contribution of blood detection of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 for the diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Bouvet L , Gariel C , Charvet A , Boisson‐Gaudin C , Chassard D
Published: February 2021

Objective

To assess the contribution of maternal blood detection of IGFBP‐1 for the diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism in clinical daily practice.

Design

A retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Setting

Three tertiary care obstetric units in France.

Sample

Data of 86 women for whom amniotic‐fluid embolism had been suspected and maternal serum detection of IGFBP‐1 had been performed between 2011 and 2019 were analysed.

Methods

The criteria defined by the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) were used for the retrospective diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism. The more structured definition proposed by the Society for Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and the Amniotic Fluid Embolism Foundation (SMFM) was also used as secondary endpoint.

Main outcome measures

Agreements between biological and clinical assessments were tested. The performance of blood detection of IGFBP‐1 for the diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism according to the UKOSS criteria, and to the SMFM definition, was also assessed.

Results

There was only slight agreement between clinical and laboratory diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient: 0.04). Blood detection of IGFBP‐1 had a sensitivity of 16%, a specificity of 88%, a positive and a negative likelihood ratio of 1.3 and 0.95, respectively, and a positive and a negative predictive value of 58 and 50%, respectively, for the diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism based on the UKOSS criteria. The use of the more structured SMFM definition of amniotic‐fluid embolism did not substantially change the results.

Conclusion

These results question the usefulness of blood detection of IGFBP‐1 for the early diagnosis of amniotic‐fluid embolism in daily clinical practice.

Tweetable abstract

This retrospective multicentre study questions the contribution of IGFBP‐1 detection for the diagnosis of AFE.
Agenda‐setting under pressure: Does domestic politics influence the European Commission?
Authors: KOOP CHRISTEL , REH CHRISTINE , BRESSANELLI EDOARDO
Published: February 2021

The European Union (EU) has become increasingly visible and contested over the past decades. Several studies have shown that domestic pressure has made the EU's ‘electorally connected’ institutions more responsive. Yet, we still know little about how politicisation has affected the Union's non‐majoritarian institutions. We address this question by focusing on agenda‐setting and ask whether and how domestic politics influences the prioritisation of legislative proposals by the European Commission. We argue that the Commission, as both a policy‐seeker and a survival‐driven bureaucracy, will respond to domestic issue salience and Euroscepticism, at party, mass and electoral level, through targeted performance and through aggregate restraint. Building on new data on the prioritisation of legislative proposals under the ordinary legislative procedure (1999–2019), our analysis shows that the Commission's choice to prioritise is responsive to the salience of policy issues for Europe's citizens. By contrast, our evidence suggests that governing parties’ issue salience does not drive, and Euroscepticism does not constrain, the Commission's priority‐setting. Our findings contribute to the literature on multilevel politics, shedding new light on the strategic responses of non‐majoritarian institutions to the domestic politicisation of ‘Europe’.
Switching from Incurred to Expected Loan Loss Provisioning: Early Evidence
Authors: LÓPEZ‐ESPINOSA GERMÁN , ORMAZABAL GAIZKA , SAKASAI YUKI
Published: February 2021

This paper provides early evidence on the effect of global regulation mandating a switch from loan loss provisioning (LLP) based on incurred credit losses (ICLs) to LLP based on expected credit losses (ECLs). Using a sample of systemically important banks from 74 countries, we find that ECL provisions are more predictive of future bank risk than ICL provisions. Corroborating that the switch to ECL provisioning results in more information to assess bank risk, we also observe that the announcement of a larger first‐time impact of the accounting change elicits lower stock returns and higher changes in credit default swap spreads. Critically, these patterns are most pronounced when credit conditions deteriorate. Additional analyses show that the higher information content of the ECL model stems from the provisions for nondefaulted loans, which did not exist under ICL. Our study contributes to the debate on the effect of the ECL model on procyclicality, an especially pressing issue in the context of the current pandemic.
Gelation and vibrational spectroscopy of tropical surimi induced by ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Pao Danou , Thumanu Kanjana , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat
Published: February 2021

The combined effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on gel‐forming ability and structural changes of lizardfish (LZ) and threadfin bream (TB) surimi were investigated. Addition of 0.15% AsA and 0.1% H2O2 greatly increased breaking force and distance of LZ surimi by 300% and 55%, respectively. Combination of 0.2% AsA and 0.15% H2O2 resulted in the maximum TB surimi gel improvement with 150% and 90% increase in breaking force and distance, respectively. Browning reaction obviously occurred when combined AsA and H2O2 was added, due to ascorbic acid oxidation. Polymerization of myosin heavy chain via disulfide bonds was promoted, and the formation of disulfide bonds was involved through oxidation of sulfhydryl groups with increasing AsA and H2O2. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy revealed a decrease in α‐helix and an increase in β‐sheet content as AsA and H2O2 increased in both species. A decrease of band area of aliphatic (2,800 to 3,000 and 1,450 cm−1), aromatic (1,208, 757, and ratio 850/830 cm−1), and change of disulfide bonds (525 and 540 cm−1) suggested an increase in hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds with addition of these additives. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), textural characteristics were positively correlated with β‐sheet content. Our study suggested that combination of AsA and H2O2 greatly enhanced gelation of LZ and TB by increasing not only disulfide bonds but also hydrophobic interactions.

Practical Application

The combined ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be used to improve gelation of two important tropical surimi species, namely threadfin bream and lizardfish surimi, without requirement of setting. The optimum concentration of each additive varied with fish species.
The epidemiology and quality of life of functional gastrointestinal disorders according to Rome III vs Rome IV criteria: A cross‐sectional study in primary care
Authors: Chuah Kee‐Huat , Beh Keng‐Hau , Mahamad Rappek Nurul Azmi , Mahadeva Sanjiv
Published: February 2021

Objective

To explore the differences in frequency and epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a primary care setting, and to examine the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and healthcare utilization of FGID patients based on the Rome III and Rome IV criteria.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of consecutive adults in a primary healthcare setting was conducted. Differences in epidemiology, and HRQOL of common FGIDs (functional dyspepsia [FD], irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional diarrhea, functional constipation [FC]) between the Rome III and IV criteria were explored.

Results

Among a total of 1002 subjects recruited, the frequency of common FGIDs was 20.7% and 20.9% among subjects based on the Rome III and Rome IV criteria, respectively. The frequency of IBS reduced from 4.0% (Rome III) to 0.8% (Rome IV), while that of functional diarrhea increased from 1.2% (Rome III) to 3.3% (Rome IV). In contrast, there was no significant change in the frequency of FD (7.5% [Rome III] vs 7.6% [Rome IV]) and FC (10.5% [Rome III] vs 11.7% [Rome IV]). Most of the Rome III IBS subjects (52.5%, n = 21) who did not meet Rome IV IBS criteria, fulfilled the criteria for FC, functional diarrhea, FD, or overlap syndrome. Subjects with all FGIDs, regardless of criteria, had more healthcare utilization and lower HRQOL compared to non‐FGID controls.

Conclusions

The Rome IV criteria alter the frequency of IBS and functional diarrhea, but not FD and FC, when compared to the Rome III criteria. Regardless of criteria, FGIDs had a significant impact on healthcare burden and HRQOL.
Continuous hemodialysis with citrate anticoagulation and standard dialysate for managing acute kidney injury in patients with moderate to severe hyponatremia—A retrospective study
Authors: Hellman Tapio , Uusalo Panu , Järvisalo Mikko J.
Published: February 2021

Background

The safety of continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) with citrate‐calcium anticoagulation for acute kidney injury (AKI) with coincident hyponatremia remains unclear. We aimed to explore the feasibility of CVVHD with standard dialysate and citrate‐calcium anticoagulation in hyponatremic critically ill AKI patients.

Methods

Thirty‐seven of the 493 critically ill AKI patients requiring CVVHD and admitted to our intensive care unit during a 10‐year period had hyponatremia (<130 mmol/L) and were included in this retrospective study. All patients received CVVHD with citrate‐calcium anticoagulation and standard commercial dialysate and plasma sodium concentrations were frequently controlled until death or CVVHD discontinuation. Clinical data, mortalities and cases of central pontine myelinolysis within one‐year follow‐up were recorded.

Results

Median plasma sodium concentration was 127 (IQR 124‐129) mmol/L at CVVHD initiation. CVVHD duration was median 3 (IQR 1.5‐5.5) days and the mean daily sodium load of the trisodium citrate solution during the first 3 days of CVVHD was 1754 (SD 730) mmol. The plasma sodium concentration increased a median 8 (IQR 5‐10) mmol/L during the first 24 hours of CVVHD and excessively high plasma sodium correction (>8 mmol/L/24 h) was observed in 18 (48.6%) patients. However, increased mortality in association to rapid plasma sodium correction was not observed in this study.

Conclusions

CVVHD using standard citrate‐calcium anticoagulation effectively increased plasma sodium concentration in this study. However, excessively high plasma sodium correction was observed in half of the patients and the sodium load provided by the standard citrate anticoagulation solutions was substantial.
Equity of colonoscopy provision and quality in Māori and New Zealand Europeans: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Donachie Matthew , Bhat Sameer , Whiley Teri , MacFater Wiremu , Bissett Ian P. , Lill Marianne
Published: February 2021

Background

High‐quality colonoscopy is essential for investigating suspected colorectal cancer and relies on endoscopists meeting key performance indicator (KPI) targets. The rising demand for colonoscopy raises concerns that Māori populations could be under‐served. This study aimed to compare rates of colonoscopy provision and colonoscopy KPIs between Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European patients.

Methods

This retrospective comparative study was conducted at Whanganui Hospital (NZ). Consecutive colonoscopies performed between September 2016 and March 2020 were included. Primary outcome was the rate of colonoscopy provision for the population. Secondary outcomes were the colonoscopy completion rate (CCR), colonoscope withdrawal time (CWT), polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Subgroup analysis of ADR in index symptomatic colonoscopies was also performed.

Results

A total of 2962 colonoscopies were analysed (385 Māori; 2577 NZ European). Rates of colonoscopy provision in participants aged ≥40 were significantly lower among Māori (6.1% versus 9.1%; P < 0.0001). The CCR (P = 1.00), CWT (P = 0.28) and PDR (P = 0.24) were similar. Whilst the ADR in the overall cohort was significantly lower in Māori (32.7% versus 40.0%; P = 0.028), this was not observed when stratified by 10‐year age cohorts. The ADR was similar on subgroup analysis of index symptomatic colonoscopies (P = 0.42).

Conclusions

This study found inequities in access to colonoscopy services for Māori compared to NZ European patients. Among those that did receive colonoscopy, there were no differences in colonoscopy quality after age stratification. Improving equity will require the addition of colonoscopy provision rates to other mandatory KPIs and reporting these by ethnicity in all endoscopy units.
Evaluation of tools to assess operative competence in endovascular procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Saricilar Erin C. , Freeman Anthony , Burgess Annette
Published: February 2021

Background

With an increase in the use of endovascular interventions as an alternative to open surgery and the unique technical skills required, current methods for assessing the competence of vascular surgery trainees may not be optimal, suggesting a need for a shift in assessment modalities. We conducted this systematic review to explore current assessment methods used in vascular surgery training to assess competence specific to endovascular procedures.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed with a structured search strategy using terms focusing on endovascular procedures and assessment. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in order to screen for suitable articles.

Results

We identified 54 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. These included a single randomized controlled trial, a single systematic review, a single narrative review and a single literature review, with the vast majority having level 2 evidence. Global rating scales, proficiency assessments and written/oral examinations were described as standard current assessment tools. These modalities lack reproducibility and objectivity, neglecting the needs of assessment of endovascular procedures requiring specialized decision making and finger dexterity. Novel methods such as high fidelity simulation and virtual reality promote reproducible and objective assessment methods in the context of endovascular surgery, and have a promising future.

Conclusion

While current assessment methods in vascular surgery are widely supported the changing skills required of a vascular surgery trainee warrants a shift in assessment modalities to better align to these requirements. High fidelity simulations show promise, although they require more extensive research to understand their relative merits.
Quality of life after maternal near miss: A systematic review
Authors: von Rosen Ida E. W. , Shiekh Rayan M. , Mchome Bariki , Chunsen Wu , Khan Khalid S. , Rasch Vibeke , Linde Ditte S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Maternal near miss is a major global health issue; approximately 7 million women worldwide experience it each year. Maternal near miss can have several different health consequences and can affect the women’s quality of life, yet little is known about the size and magnitude of this association. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence of the association between women who have experienced maternal near miss and quality of life and women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery.

Material and methods

Cochrane library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus and PubMed were searched for published studies. Studies were selected according to the PECO model (population, exposure, control and outcome) and were included if they investigated quality of life as an outcome after maternal near miss among women of all ages with no limitation on country or time (up to June 2020). Maternal near miss was defined as a life‐threatening condition arising from complications related to pregnancy and/or childbirth. The quality of the studies was assessed according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and a Forest plot was constructed based on quality of life outcomes and study quality.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020169232.

Results

Fifteen studies were included in the review with a total of 31 558 women. Quality of life was reported in various ways, and 25 different confounders were controlled for. Compared with women who did not experience maternal near miss, women exposed to maternal near miss had an overall lower quality of life (n = 2/2), had poorer mental (n = 6/10) and social health (n = 2/3), and maternal near miss had negative economic consequences (n = 4/4). Maternal near miss was not associated with sexual dysfunction (n = 1/5). Ten of 15 studies were assessed as being of poor quality.

Conclusions

Evidence shows that maternal near miss is negatively associated with various aspects of quality of life. This highlights the importance of addressing the adverse effects associated with maternal near miss and follow up maternal near miss after discharge. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that is assessed in various ways, and the literature on the field is heterogeneous. More high‐quality studies are needed.
Cerebral oxygenation is stable in preterm infants transitioning to heated humidified high‐flow nasal cannula therapy
Authors: Sett Arun , Noble Elizabeth J. , Forster Danielle E. , Collins Clare L.
Published: February 2021

Aim

To assess cerebral oxygenation in premature infants who are transitioning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to heated humidified high‐flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC).

Methods

A prospective observational study done in a single‐centre neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Regional cerebral oxygen saturations (RcSO2) were measured using frequency‐domain near‐infrared spectroscopy (FD‐NIRS) in very low birthweight (VLBW) premature infants born at <32 weeks transitioning from nCPAP to HFNC.

Results

Median gestational age was 27 weeks and median birthweight was 924 g. Recordings were performed at a median gestational age of 30 weeks and a median postnatal age of 10 days. Median weight at study entry was 1111 g. Cerebral oxygenation was not significantly different in infants transitioning from nCPAP to HFNC (66% vs 66%).

Conclusion

No difference in cerebral oxygenation in premature infants transitioning from nCPAP to HFNC was observed. This finding is reassuring and further supports the use of HFNC in preterm infants.
The non‐linearity between finance and economic growth: a literature review and evidence from China
Authors: Xu Guangdong , Gui Binwei
Published: February 2021

The influence of finance on the economy has been shown to be non‐linear. When financial development exceeds the needs of the real sector, an economy will face the challenge of ‘too much finance’, which may generate problems such as rent‐seeking, asset price bubbles, or even financial crises. China seems to have followed the ‘too much finance’ pattern in the most recent decade, during which a fast‐expanding financial sector and a slowly growing economy coexisted. The empirical part of this study supports a non‐linear (S‐shaped) relationship between financial development and GDP per capita; in addition, the two financial development indicators used (total loans and private credit) appear to have opposite effects on economic growth.
Differences between poison and venom: An attempt at an integrative biological approach
Authors: Jared Carlos , Luiz Mailho‐Fontana Pedro , Maria Antoniazzi Marta
Published: February 2021

We discuss the use of the terms venom and poison, in the context of integrative biology, with particular emphasis on behaviour and natural history. Our purpose is to reach a broad scientific audience, especially that dedicated to zoology. The meaning of the two terms is reviewed from the secretory perspective, mainly focussed on the reptiles and amphibians. We justify the use of the two words, based on biological and behavioural differences.
Impact of deprivation, dementia prevalence and regional demography on prescribing of antidementia drugs in England: A time trend analysis
Authors: Vohra Neha , Hadi Muhammad Abdul , Khanal Saval , Kurmi Om P. , Paudyal Vibhu
Published: February 2021

Aim

This study aimed to examine trends in prescribing of antidementia drugs in primary care in England between 2009 and 2019, and investigate the impact of deprivation, regional demography and disease prevalence on prescribing practices.

Methods

Analysis of publicly available government data from various sources pertaining to primary care prescribing and demographics was conducted. All primary care prescription data pertaining to antidementia drugs in England between 2009 and 2019 were extracted and adjusted for inflation and population changes. Data across English clinical commissioning regions were compared to explore the association between prescribing trend, deprivation, regional demography and dementia prevalence.

Results

The number of prescription items for antidementia drugs in England increased by approximately 3‐fold (195.4%) from 24 items/1000 population in 2009 to 70.9 items/1000 population in 2019. In 2019, the least‐deprived areas had approximately twice the rate of prescribing of antidementia drugs compared to the most‐deprived areas (median [IQR] values of 46.7 [36.6‐64.8] vs 91.23 [76.2‐95.1] items/1000 population, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, the number of prescription items showed an inverse relationship with deprivation (coefficient −0.046, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.045) after adjustment for number of populations aged 65+ years and prevalence of dementia.

Conclusions

The 3‐fold rise in the number of prescription items for antidementia drugs in the study period reflects the policy emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Higher rates of prescribing in the least‐deprived areas may be reflective of better and early diagnoses and access to treatments. Such inequality in access to the treatments needs to be investigated further.
Ethics, public health and technology responses to COVID‐19
Authors: Miller Seumas , Smith Marcus
Published: February 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has infected millions around the world. Governments initially responded by requiring businesses to close and citizens to self‐isolate, as well as funding vaccine research and implementing a range of technologies to monitor and limit the spread of the disease. This article considers the use of smartphone metadata and Bluetooth applications for public health surveillance purposes in relation to COVID‐19. It undertakes ethical analysis of these measures, particularly in relation to collective moral responsibility, considering whether citizens ought, or should be compelled, to comply with government measures.
Benralizumab effect on severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Tversky Jody , Lane Andrew P. , Azar Antoine
Published: February 2021

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) can be a severe and debilitating disease associated with significant morbidity, loss of smell, sinus pressure and asthma exacerbations. Eosinophils play a role in the majority (85%) of patients. Benralizumab, an afucosylated monoclonal antibody directed against the IL‐5 receptor, has powerful apoptotic effects on eosinophils.

Objective

We sought to investigate the therapeutic benefit of inhibiting the IL‐5 receptor using benralizumab to treat severe rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Methods

Patients with severe NP (defined by endoscopic grade 5 or more out of 8) with elevated eosinophils and a history of previous surgical or endoscopic polypectomy met entry criteria and were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive 30 mg benralizumab SC or placebo. Endoscopic NP score was assessed at baseline and at treatment week 20. CT scan, SNOT‐22 survey and UPSIT smell test score changes were also evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐three patients were screened, and twenty‐four (n = 24) were enrolled in the study. Compared with baseline, benralizumab significantly improved NP score (−0.9 ± 0.2, P = 0.004) whereas placebo did not (−0.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.166). Benralizumab induced polyp size reduction compared with placebo did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.103). Five of 12 benralizumab‐treated patients (42%) had improvements in all major outcomes (polyp score, CT, SNOT‐22 and smell test) versus 2 out of 12 placebo (17%). The ratio of blood eosinophil count to allergen skin test positivity correlated with polyp reduction.

Conclusion

Benralizumab was well‐tolerated and compared with baseline achieved a statistically significant reduction in nasal polyp size, sinus occupancy, symptoms and improved sensation of smell for most patients (83%).
The assessment of the effect of the size of lateral‐antrostomy in graftless balloon elevation of the maxillary sinus membrane with simultaneous implant placement (a randomized controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Aldahouk Ahmed , Elbeialy Ramy R. , Gibaly Amr , Shawky Mohamed , Atef Mohammed
Published: February 2021

Background

The overlying maxillary sinus frequently restrains the height of the posterior maxillary bones.

Purpose

Evaluating the effect of downsizing the antrostomy side‐window on the stability of the installed implants and vertical bone gain, after employing a graftless antral membrane balloon elevation (AMBE).

Materials and methods

The study is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 20 patients with 30 deficient maxillary alveolar ridges underwent graftless (AMBE) after being allocated into a (5 mm) entry antrostomy group (the test group) and a (10 mm) entry antrostomy group (the control group) implementing a radiographic linear bone height and implant stability quotations (ISQ) comparison among both groups immediately after the placement of 38 Implants and 6 months after.

Results

Radiographic bone gain of the test group (5.55 ± 0.93 mm) was significantly higher than the control group (2.86 ± 0.60 mm) (p <0.001). There was no significant difference in primary stability between the test (65 ± 5.32) and control groups (62.67 ± 4.46) (p = 0.202); while the test group (73.43 ± 4.39) showed significantly higher secondary stability than the control group (64.83 ± 6.05) (p <0.001). ISQ values recorded at 6 months were significantly higher than those recorded at insertion in the test group (p <0.001), while they were insignificant in the control group (p = 0.148).

Conclusion

Undersizing the antrostomy window deemed beneficial concerning the vertical bone gain and the simultaneously placed root form dental implants' secondary stability.
It's elemental! Siliceous diatom frustules producing sarcoid‐like granulomas in the subcutis
Authors: Morales‐Neira Diego
Published: February 2021

Silica granulomas have been described on the skin and are rare; however, this is the first report of a sarcoid‐like granulomatous reaction because of siliceous diatom frustules in the subcutis, making this an unprecedented case. A 41‐year‐old female presented with a subcutaneous nodule on the right forearm clinically suggestive of cyst, foreign body, or lipoma. Excisional biopsy revealed subcutis with a sarcoid‐like granulomatous reaction in a background of fibrosis, containing abundant semitransparent, exquisitely geometric particles, mildly refringent under polarized light, highlighted by phase contrast microscopy; special stains were negative for microorganisms. Definitive characterization of the peculiar fragments was accomplished by confocal laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, revealing them as diatom frustules made of silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silica. Diatoms are unicellular algae, their skeletons (frustules) made of silica have collected on the bottom of rivers, lakes, and oceans for thousands or millions of years and form what we know as diatomite or diatomaceous earth, which is widely used in different industries and easily available in the market. The mechanism whereby diatom frustules gained access to the patient's subcutis is enigmatic.
S2k‐Leitlinie Therapie pathologischer Narben (hypertrophe Narben und Keloide) –Update 2020
Authors: Nast Alexander , Gauglitz Gerd , Lorenz Kerstin , Metelmann Hans‐Robert , Paasch Uwe , Strnad Vratislav , Weidmann Michael , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Bauerschmitz Jürgen
Published: February 2021

Beteiligte Fachgesellschaften

Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG)

Deutsche Gesellschaft der Plastischen, Rekonstruktiven und Ästhetischen Chirurgen (DGPRÄC)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein‐ und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mund‐, Kiefer‐ und Gesichtschirurgie (DGMKG)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie (DEGRO)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verbrennungsmedizin (DGV)

Berufsverband der Deutschen Dermatologen (BVDD)

Deutsche Dermatologische Lasergesellschaft (DDL)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie (DGDC)