bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of CHOP Prevents Joint Degeneration and Pain in a Mouse Model of Pseudoachondroplasia
Authors: Hecht Jacqueline T. , Veerisetty Alka C. , Hossain Mohammad G. , Patra Debabrata , Carrer Michele , Chiu Frankie , Relic Dorde , Jafar-nejad Paymaan , Posey Karen L.
Published: December 2024

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition characterized by impaired skeletal growth and early joint degeneration, results from mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). These mutations disrupt normal protein folding, leading to the accumulation of misfolded COMP in chondrocytes. The MT-COMP mouse is a murine model of PSACH that expresses D469del human COMP in response to doxycycline and replicates the PSACH chondrocyte and clinical pathology. The basis for the mutant-COMP pathology involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling through the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), in conjunction with a TNFα inflammatory process, upregulates mTORC1, hindering autophagy clearance of mutant COMP protein. Life-long joint pain/degeneration diminishes quality of life, and treatments other than joint replacements are urgently needed. To assess whether molecules that reduce CHOP activity should be considered as a potential treatment for PSACH, we evaluated MT-COMP mice with 50% CHOP (MT-COMP/CHOP+/−), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated CHOP knockdown, and complete CHOP ablation (MT-COMP/CHOP−/−). While earlier studies demonstrated that loss of CHOP in MT-COMP mice reduced intracellular retention, inflammation, and growth plate chondrocyte death, we now show that it did not normalize limb growth. ASO treatment reduced CHOP mRNA by approximately 60%, as measured by RT-qPCR, but did not improve limb length similar to MT-COMP/CHOP+/−. Interestingly, both 50% genetic reduction and complete loss of CHOP alleviated pain, while total ablation of CHOP in MT-COMP mice was necessary to preserve joint health. These results indicate that (1) CHOP reduction therapy is not an effective strategy for improving limb length and (2) pain and chondrocyte pathology are more responsive to intervention than the prevention of joint damage.
Exploring the Link Between Infections and Primary Osteoarthritis: A Next-Generation Metagenomic Sequencing Approach
Authors: Niecwietajewa Irina , Banasiewicz Jakub , Zaremba-Wróblewski Gabriel , Majewska Anna
Published: December 2024

This prospective pilot study examined the association between microorganisms and knee osteoarthritis by identifying pathogens in the synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and blood samples from two patients with primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis, using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Intraoperatively, during routine knee arthroplasty procedures, we collected the following 12 samples from each patient: two synovial membrane samples, two synovial fluid samples, and two venous blood samples. After DNA isolation and library construction, each sample was subjected to deep whole-genome sequencing using the DNBSEQT17 platform with the read length PE150 as the default. Metagenomic sequencing data were mapped to the NCBI NT database to determine species abundance. The predominant species in all samples tested were classified under the Enterobacterales order, the most abundant being Yersinia enterocolitica. The second and third most common microorganisms detected were Escherichia coli and autotrophic, Gram-negative bacteria Synechococcus sp., which is a bioaerosol component, indicating a risk of inhalation of the toxic metabolites of this latter microorganism. This article provides an initial exploration of mNGS use to study the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis (OA). While our analysis identified bacterial DNA, particularly from Yersinia, further cross-sectional studies in larger populations with and without OA are needed to determine the role of these agents in OA pathogenesis.
Genomic-Inbreeding Landscape and Selection Signatures in the Polo Argentino Horse Breed
Authors: Azcona Florencia , Molina Antonio , Demyda-Peyrás Sebastián
Published: December 2024

Analyzing genetic variability and inbreeding trends is essential for effective breed management in animal populations. To this, the characterization of runs of homozygosity (ROH) provides a good genomic approach to study the phenomena. The Polo Argentino (PA) breed, globally recognized as the best adapted to playing polo, is known for its strong influence of Thoroughbreds, intense selective breeding, and extensive use of reproductive biotechnologies. This study investigates the PA’s genomic variability, by characterizing the ROH landscape and identifying ROH islands (ROHi) as potential genomic footprints for the breed. PA horses (n = 506) were genotyped using EquineGGP™ array v5 (70 k). We calculated the inbreeding coefficient based on ROH (FROH—ancestral and recent) using a chromosomal approach. Finally, we identified genomic regions with increased ROH frequency (ROHi) and their associated genes. An average of 79.5 ROH per horse was detected, with a mean length of 4.6 Mb. The average FROH was 0.151, but most of them (54%) corresponded to ancestral inbreeding (ROH < 5.5 Mb). However, 4 ROHi were identified in ECA 1, 3, 7 and 17, containing 67 genes, some of which were related to behavior, neurodevelopment, and metabolic functions. This genomic analysis determined, for the first time, the length and location of homozygosity segments in the PA breed and identified ROHi associated with potential genomic regions and genes for positive selection in the breed.
TP53I11 Functions Downstream of Multiple MicroRNAs to Increase ER Calcium Levels and Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Wang Yiping , Zhang Shuai , Bing Jie , Li Wanjie , Sun Lin , Wang Youjun
Published: December 2024

Cells meticulously regulate free calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) being crucial for Ca2+ homeostasis. Disruptions in ER Ca2+ balance can contribute to various diseases, including cancer. Although considerable research has focused on the direct mechanisms of ER Ca2+ regulation, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process remains underexplored. Mainly using data from a CRISPR-based genomic screening previously conducted in our laboratory, we identified 33 candidate miRNAs that may regulate ER Ca2+ levels. From these, 10 miRNAs were found to significantly lower basal ER Ca2+ levels. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that these miRNAs downregulate the tumor suppressor tumor protein p53 (TP53)-inducible protein 11 gene (TP53I11), which is a key regulator of ER Ca2+ levels. Functional assays confirmed that TP53I11 influences ER Ca2+ levels and affects cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) was shown to upregulate TP53I11 and enhance ER Ca2+ accumulation. These findings elucidate the central role of TP53I11 in miRNA-mediated regulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting ER Ca2+ upregulation for cancer intervention.
A Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Protein Hydrolysate Decreases the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cruz-Chamorro Ivan , Álvarez-López Ana Isabel , Santos-Sánchez Guillermo , Álvarez-Sánchez Nuria , Pedroche Justo , Millán-Linares María del Carmen , Lardone Patricia Judith , Carrillo-Vico Antonio
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease, with inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system being the main triggers. There are many drugs that reduce the clinical signs of MS, but none of them cure the disease. Food proteins have been shown to contain encrypted peptides that can be released after hydrolysis and exert numerous biological activities. Recently, we have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of a lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH) both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether LPH is capable of reducing the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6N mice and they were treated intragastrically with LPH (100 mg/kg) or vehicle (control group) from day 0 (prophylactic approach) or from the onset of the disease (day 12 post-induction; therapeutic approach) and the clinical score of each mouse was recorded daily. Prophylactic treatment with LPH reduced the clinical score of the mice compared to the control group, as well as the maximum and cumulative scores, without changing the day of onset of the symptoms while the therapeutic intervention did not significantly improve the severity of the disease. For the first time, we demonstrated that prophylactic administration of LPH reduces the severity of MS, suggesting a potential nutraceutical or new functional foods in neuroinflammation. However, further studies are needed to confirm this nutritional effect in a clinical context.
Click Chemistry as an Efficient Toolbox for Coupling Sterically Hindered Molecular Systems to Obtain Advanced Materials for Nanomedicine
Authors: Cabrera-Quiñones Neyra Citlali , López-Méndez Luis José , Cruz-Hernández Carlos , Guadarrama Patricia
Published: December 2024

Since its conceptualization, click chemistry in all its variants has proven to be a superior synthesis protocol, compared to conventional methods, for forming new covalent bonds under mild conditions, orthogonally, and with high yields. If a term like reactive resilience could be established, click reactions would be good examples, as they perform better under increasingly challenging conditions. Particularly, highly hindered couplings that perform poorly with conventional chemistry protocols—such as those used to conjugate biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins and aptamers) or multiple drugs onto macromolecular platforms—can be more easily achieved using click chemistry principles, while also promoting high stereoselectivity in the products. In this review, three molecular platforms relevant in the field of nanomedicine are considered: polymers/copolymers, cyclodextrins, and fullerenes, whose functionalization poses a challenge due to steric hindrance, either from the intrinsic bulk behavior (as in polymers) or from the proximity of confined reactive sites, as seen in cyclodextrins and fullerenes. Their functionalization with biologically active groups (drugs or biomolecules), primarily through copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) and thiol–ene click reactions, has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated systems with enhanced specificity, multifunctionality, bioavailability, delayed clearance, multi-targeting, selective cytotoxicity, and tracking capabilities—all essential in the field of nanomedicine.
Cytotoxic Activity of Curcumin- and Resveratrol-Loaded Core–Shell Systems in Resistant and Sensitive Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Weżgowiec Joanna , Łapińska Zofia , Lamch Łukasz , Szewczyk Anna , Saczko Jolanta , Kulbacka Julita , Więckiewicz Mieszko , Wilk Kazimiera A.
Published: December 2024

Due to the high mortality rate of ovarian cancer, there is a need to find novel strategies to improve current treatment modalities. Natural compounds offer great potential in this field but also require the careful design of systems for their delivery to cancer cells. Our study explored the anticancer effects of novel resveratrol (RSV)- and curcumin (CUR)-loaded core–shell nanoparticles in human ovarian cancer cells. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of various nanocarriers (CUR 1-3, RSV I-III) delivered to MDAH-2774 and SKOV-3 cells in comparison to free RVS and CUR after 24 h and 72 h treatment. A two-way ANOVA was applied to compare the results of the MTT assay. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to visualize cellular uptake and mitochondrial localization. Our findings revealed that the cytotoxicity of the core–shell nanoparticles with RSV was not significant, but the systems loaded with CUR effectively decreased the viability of cells. The MDAH-2774 cell line was more sensitive to the treatment than SKOV-3. The enhanced cellular uptake of CUR delivered by core–shell systems and its colocalization with mitochondria were demonstrated. Further research focused on the detailed biological effects of the most effective systems (CUR 2 and CUR 3) should be conducted to provide detailed insights. These findings highlight the promising role of CUR-loaded nanoparticles in ovarian cancer treatment.
Complex Pattern of Platelet Activation/Reactivity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Luzak Boguslawa , Golanski Jacek , Rozalski Marcin
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 and post-COVID (long COVID) are associated with thromboembolic complications; however, it is still not clear whether platelets play a leading role in this phenomenon. The platelet hyperreactivity could result from the direct interaction between platelets and viral elements or the response to inflammatory and prothrombotic factors released from blood and vessel cells following infection. The existing literature does not provide clear-cut answers, as the results determining platelet status vary according to methodology. Elevated levels of soluble markers of platelet activation (P selectin, PF4), increased platelet aggregates, and platelet-derived microparticles suggest the activation of platelets circulating in the bloodstream of COVID-19 patients. Similarly, platelets isolated from COVID-19 patients demonstrate increased reactivity in response to collagen, thrombin, and ADP. By contrast, an analysis of whole blood from COVID-19 patients indicates the reduced activation of the fibrinogen receptor. Similarly, some in vitro studies report potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 in platelets, whereas others do not indicate any direct effect of the virus on platelets. The aim of this work is to review and evaluate the reliability of the methodology for testing platelet function after contact with SARS-CoV-2. Despite the diversity of methods yielding varying results and the influence of plasma components or blood cells, it can be concluded that platelets play an important role in the development of thrombotic complications after exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of Tomato Landraces for Tolerance to Drought Stress Using Morphological and Physiological Traits
Authors: Grozeva Stanislava , Topalova Elena , Ganeva Daniela , Tringovska Ivanka
Published: December 2024

Drought is among the stress factors that, on a global scale, have direct negative effects on plant growth, yield, and quality. Great efforts are directed towards water shortage adaptation. Exploring the genetic diversity of landraces often tolerant to locally occurring stress can represent a valuable source for the development of cultivars with yield stability and improved quality under stress conditions. This study aimed to identify drought-tolerant tomato landraces based on an integrated approach involving morphological traits and physiological parameters. To investigate the effects of water deficit, five landraces and two controls were tested under optimum and 50% reduced irrigation. Yield and yield-related traits, color, firmness, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were evaluated. The summarized results indicated that the tomato landraces differed in their responses to water deficit. Water deficit decreased the yield by 44% and the average fruit weight by 29%. Physiological parameters were also significantly affected by water scarcity, with a decrease in the ratios Fv/Fm (the maximum quantum yield of PSII) and Fv/Fo (the maximum primary yield of photochemistry) of 8.2% and 35.5%, respectively, at 14 days’ exposure to stress. Landrace 1352, characterized by indeterminate growth habit and large, rounded, and red-colored fruits, showed a significantly lower reduction in yield and physiological parameters under reduced irrigation and could be used in breeding programs to develop new tomato lines combining resistance with quality.
Correction: Alawadh et al. Semantic Features-Based Discourse Analysis Using Deceptive and Real Text Reviews. Information 2023, 14, 34
Authors: Alawadh Husam M. , Alabrah Amerah , Meraj Talha , Rauf Hafiz Tayyab
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Management of ERCP-Related Perforations: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Plecic Nemanja , Malenkovic Ana , Begovic Aleksa , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Bulajic Milutin , Bulajic Mirko , Đukic Vladimir , Milanovic Miljan , Savic Predrag , Panic Nikola
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Perforations represent rare but serious complications in ERCP. Although several therapeutic algorithms have been proposed to properly address these potentially life-threatening events, there is still no clear consensus on their management. We conducted a single-center retrospective study in order to assess the incidence of ERCP-related perforations and their management, as well as clinical outcomes. Methods: The hospital’s electronic database was searched in order to identify all the patients who developed ERCP-related perforations in the period 1 October 2018–30 June 2023. Perforations were classified according to the Stapfer classification. Conservative management included frequent abdominal examinations, the monitoring of vital signs, white blood cell count, complete bowel rest, nasogastric tube placement, and the administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Endoscopic management included biliary stent placement and/or closing observed defects with clips. Results: We recorded eight (1.29%) cases of ERCP-related perforations out of the 619 procedures conducted. We observed six (75%) Stapfer type II and two (25%) type IV perforations. In all but one patient (87.5%), the indication for ERCP was bile duct stones. Seven patients (87.5%) were subjected to sphincterotomy (87.5%) and three (37.5%) to “pre-cuts”. All but one patient was treated conservatively (87.5%), with two of them—in which type II perforations were recognized intraprocedurally—also receiving endoscopic treatment with stent placement. On the day of ERCP, one patient with a type II perforation was operated on; suturing of the duodenum followed by duodenal exclusion was applied. Management was successful in all the patients, with a mean hospitalization time of 16.6 ± 4.78 days. Conclusions: Conservative and endoscopic management appear to be associated with good outcomes in Stapfer type II perforations. Nevertheless, an individual multidisciplinary approach involving endoscopists and a hepatobiliary surgeon is essential in order to properly guide the treatment.
Functional Capacity Among Brazilian Older Adults 12 Months After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: de Souza Flávia Cristina Sierra , Laranjeira Carlos , Salci Maria Aparecida , Höring Carla Franciele , Góes Herbert Leopoldo de Freitas , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi , Moura Débora , Meireles Viviani Camboin , Prado Maria Fernanda , Betiolli Susanne Elero , Puente Alcaraz Jesús , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Carreira Lígia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Evidence suggests that older adults who survived COVID-19 were exposed to greater functional dependence in their daily living activities. This study aims to examine the prevalence of functional dependence and associated factors among Brazilian older people with functional dependence 12 months after COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving people aged 60 years or older in the state of Paraná, Brazil. One year after notification or hospital discharge due to COVID-19, between June 2021 and March 2022, participants responded to a questionnaire via telephone call about sociodemographic data and data on functionality using the Measure of Functional Independence (FIM). The outcome variable “assessment of functional capacity” was divided into functional dependence (FIM Total < 104) and functional independence (FIM Total ≥ 104). Results: A total of 768 older adults participated, with an average age of 68.03 ± 6.8 years (range between 60 and 100). A majority of them were female (50.3%), white (46%), with low education (37.4%), had a partner (56.3%), did not live alone (72.4%), and had their own home (52.2%). The prevalence of functional dependence was 7.2%. On average, participants scored 5.4 points lower on FIM one year after COVID-19 infection compared with those in the acute phase of COVID-19 (125.5 vs. 120.1; p < 0.001). Functional dependence was higher (p < 0.05) among women when compared to men (aOR = 2.28); in people who changed their work situation due to COVID-19 when compared to those with no change (aOR = 5.27); in people with fair/poor/bad self-reported health compared to those with excellent/good health (aOR = 2.97); in people with cardiovascular symptoms compared to those without cardiovascular symptoms (aOR = 3.37); and among the most severe cases of the disease (treatment in ICU) compared to mild cases (outpatient treatment) (aOR = 10.5). Conclusions: Most participants presented functional independence 12 months after COVID-19 infection. Cases of functional dependence were influenced by multidimensional factors, including physical health, economic, and psychosocial aspects.
Electromyographic Diagnostic Ranges Defining Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Individuals’ Results in Functional Clenching Index
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz , Ginszt Michał
Published: December 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a significant public health issue, among which masticatory muscle pain is the most common. Current publications increasingly indicate surface electromyography (sEMG) as an effective diagnostic tool for muscle dysfunctions that may be employed in TMDs recognition. The objective of this study was to establish reference ranges for TMDs patients with masticatory muscle pain and healthy individuals in the electromyographic Functional Clenching Index (FCI) for the temporalis muscles (TAs) and masseter muscles (MMs). This research aimed to provide an additional diagnostic tool for TMDs patients. Methods: A total of 48 individuals (n = 30 women and n = 18 men) with the muscular painful form of TMDs were recruited alongside a numerically and gender-matched control group—healthy, pain-free controls. The Functional Clenching Indexwas calculated for both groups. Results: Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences with a very large effect size. Healthy individuals had higher FCI scores compared to those with TMDs. The healthy group exhibited higher threshold values compared to the TMDs group. Conclusions: For healthy individuals, the FCI ranges for TAs were between 58 and 145, while for MMs, between 72 and 210. Lower values may indicate muscle activation disorders and occur in patients with the painful, muscular form of TMDs. This is the first study to define reference ranges for electromyographic indices; therefore, caution is recommended, and the replication of this study on a larger and more culturally diverse sample is advised.
A Narrative and Case-Illustrated Review on Dental Autotransplantation Identifying Current Gaps in Knowledge
Authors: Chhana Akshay A. , Moretti Antonio J. , Lietzan Adam D. , Christensen John R. , Miguez Patricia A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Permanently replacing missing teeth in the younger population is a clinical challenge. However, dental autotransplantation offers a viable treatment option in this demographic. To be performed predictably, it requires proper diagnoses, planning, and adherence to established guidelines in a multidisciplinary approach. Such guidelines should use evidence-based dentistry to anticipate and limit complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current literature on dental autotransplantation, discuss an evidence-based protocol, highlight steps for minimizing complications, and present a case report on two autotransplantations conducted at the Graduate Periodontology clinic at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Adams School of Dentistry, in the context of representative cases. Methods: A literature search using PubMed was conducted with the goal of constructing a comparative table on both survival and success rates of autotransplantation, providing a comparison of protocols and clinical studies and informing this narrative review. This review is illustrated by cases with the intention to highlight critical steps, limitations, and strengths of this mode of treatment. Results and Conclusions: Given the information presented, it is concluded that autotransplantation is a valuable treatment option provided established guidelines are followed. It is particularly useful for the younger population where implants or other options are not appropriate or feasible. This study also highlights some of the gaps in knowledge in autotransplantation which present opportunity for further studies to be developed.
Nano Delivery System for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rong Zhuoyi , He Xuan , Fan Tianjian , Zhang Haitao
Published: December 2024

Atherosclerosis, a pathological process propelled by inflammatory mediators and lipids, is a principal contributor to cardiovascular disease incidents. Currently, drug therapy, the primary therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis, faces challenges such as poor stability and significant side effects. The advent of nanomaterials has garnered considerable attention from scientific researchers. Nanoparticles, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, have been developed for drug delivery in atherosclerosis treatment. This review will focus on how nanoparticles effectively improve drug safety and efficacy, as well as the continuous development and optimization of nanoparticles of the same material and further explore current challenges and future opportunities in this field.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Focused Vibrations Plus Kinesiotaping with Insights into Radiological Influences—An Observational Study
Authors: Santilli Gabriele , Martino Milvia , Pacini Patrizia , Agostini Francesco , Bernetti Andrea , Giuliani Luca , Del Gaudio Giovanni , Mangone Massimiliano , Colonna Vincenzo , Vetrano Mario , Vulpiani Maria Chiara , Stella Giulia , Ciccarelli Antonello , Taurone Samanta , Franchitto Antonio , Ottonello Carlo , Cantisani Vito , Paoloni Marco , Fiore Pietro , Gimigliano Francesca
Published: December 2024

Background: This observational study investigates the efficacy of combining local muscle vibration (LMV) therapy and kinesiotaping using the McConnell method (KMcCM) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a prevalent knee condition characterized by anterior or medial knee pain exacerbated by activities that overload the patellofemoral joint. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LMV combined with KMcCM in reducing pain and improving function in PFPS patients. Methods: A total of 52 participants, aged 25–85, with PFPS were included. Participants underwent LMV and KMcCM treatments three times weekly for three weeks. Pain and function were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline (T0) and six months post-treatment (T1). Radiological assessments of patellar alignment and biomechanics were also conducted through dynamic MRI. Results: Significant pain reduction and functional improvements were observed across all age groups. Notably, younger participants showed greater improvement compared to older participants. Among women, those in the younger age group experienced more substantial reductions in VAS scores compared to their older counterparts. KOOS scores improved significantly, indicating enhanced knee function overall. A significant decrease in VAS scores from T0 to T1 was observed across all patellar alignment groups, signifying a reduction in pain levels. However, Group 2 (Laxation and Subluxation) experienced the most substantial reduction in VAS scores at T1 compared to the other groups. These results suggest that the combination of LMV and KMcCM may be particularly effective in addressing biomechanical abnormalities associated with patellar maltracking and enhancing VMO muscle contraction, leading to more substantial improvements in these patients. Conclusions: The combination of LMV and KMcCM demonstrates promising efficacy in reducing pain and improving knee function in PFPS patients, with age and gender influencing treatment outcomes. The most significant improvements were observed in younger individuals and those with specific patellar alignment issues, highlighting the potential of this combined approach for the targeted treatment of PFPS.
Experimental Analysis of Elastic Property Variations in Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments with Different Porosities
Authors: Xu Weiping , Di Bangrang , Chen Haifeng , Wei Jianxin
Published: December 2024

Natural gas hydrates, a promising clean energy resource, hold substantial potential. Porosity plays a crucial role in hydrate systems by influencing formation processes and physical properties. To clarify the effects of porosity on hydrate elasticity, we examined methane hydrate formation and its acoustic characteristics. Experiments were conducted on sediment samples with porosities of 23%, 32%, and 37%. P- and S-wave velocities were measured to assess acoustic responses. Results show that as hydrate saturation increases, sample acoustic velocity also rises. However, high-porosity samples consistently exhibit lower acoustic velocities compared to low-porosity samples and reach a lower maximum hydrate saturation. This behavior is attributed to rapid pore filling in high-porosity samples, which blocks flow pathways and limits further hydrate formation. In contrast, hydrate formation in low-porosity sediments progresses more gradually, maintaining clearer pore channels and resulting in relatively higher hydrate saturation. Higher porosity also accelerates the shift of hydrates from cementing to load-bearing morphologies. These findings underscore porosity’s significant influence on hydrate formation and provide insights into observed variations in hydrate saturation and acoustic velocity across different experimental conditions.
Research on the Impact of Blending Dissociated Methanol Gas on the Performance and Emissions of Marine Medium-Speed Methanol Engines
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Jie , Wang Zhongcheng , Wang Zihan , Zhao Zihao , Wang Wenhua , Cai Haiping
Published: December 2024

This study conducts a detailed analysis of the mixed combustion of dissociated methanol gas (DMG) and methanol in a marine medium-speed methanol engine through numerical simulation methods. The research focuses on the impact of partially replacing methanol with DMG on engine combustion characteristics and emissions under both stoichiometric and lean-burn conditions. Employing the MAN L23/30H diesel engine as the experimental model, direct injection of DMG is achieved by installing gas injectors on the cylinder head. Utilizing the CONVERGE software, we simulate the injection and combustion processes of methanol and DMG and subsequently analyze the effects of varying DMG blending ratios on in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, mean chamber temperature, as well as NOx, HC, CO, and soot emissions. The research findings indicate that, under stoichiometric combustion conditions at both rated and idle speeds, the incorporation of DMG leads to increases in the peak in-cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate, and peak in-cylinder temperature, with these peaks occurring earlier. Additionally, it is observed that emissions of HC, CO, and soot are reduced. Under lean combustion conditions at rated speed, in the absence of DMG blending, increasing the excess air ratio results in an initial increase followed by a decrease in both fuel-indicated and overall-indicated thermal efficiency. However, with the blending of DMG, these efficiencies improve as the excess air ratio increases. Notably, the highest efficiencies are achieved when the excess air ratio is 1.8 and the blending ratio of DMG is 30%.
Arthrobotrys mendozadegivensis sp. nov. (Fungi: Orbiliales) from Mexico: Predatory Activity and Nematocidal Activity of Its Liquid Culture Filtrates Against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Medina Enrique , Mendoza-de Gives Pedro , Pérez-Anzúrez Gustavo , Colinas-Picazo Antonio , Bautista-García Génesis Andrea , Alonso-Díaz Miguel Ángel , von Son-de Fernex Elke , López-Arellano María Eugenia
Published: December 2024

During the isolation, identification, and assessment of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) against nematodes, we discovered an unusual fungus in decaying wood from Morelos State, Mexico. This isolate exhibited some characteristics similar to those of the Arthrobotrys genus; however, we found that it did not match any previously reported species within this genus after conducting morphological and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS, TEF, and RPB2 regions. This new species displays conidiophores with two or three stems emerging from the same initial site and conidiophores with only a single stem and aerial thickened hyphae from which single conidiophores emerge, forming 3D adhesive nets. The conidia, which have one or two septa, range from obovoid to ellipsoidal, crowned by four to six conidia. This report provides evidence that this species has not been described before, and we hereby introduce it as a new species, naming it Arthrobotrys mendozadegivensis. This species displayed a predatory activity of 76.92%, and its liquid culture filtrates in Sweet Potato Dextrose Broth and Czapek–Dox Broth were effective in killing 40.90% and 34.91% of Haemonchus contortus larvae, respectively. This study provides information about a previously unreported species of nematophagous fungus, which is important for systematics and has potential biotechnological applications against nematodes that affect the livestock industry.
Characterization of Endofungal Bacteria and Their Role in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Helvella bachu
Authors: Wei Caihong , Liu Mengqian , Meng Guoliang , Wang Miao , Zhou Xin , Xu Jianping , Hu Jianwei , Zhang Lili , Dong Caihong
Published: December 2024

Helvella bachu, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, forms a symbiotic relationship with Populus euphratica, a rare and endangered species crucial to desert riparian ecosystems. In this study, endofungal bacteria (EFBs) within the fruiting bodies of H. bachu were confirmed by a polyphasic approach, including genomic sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene, full-length and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene, and culture methods. The genera Stenotrophomonas, Variovorax, Acidovorax, and Pedobacter were abundant in the EFBs of fruiting bodies associated with three Populus hosts and were consistently present across different developmental stages. Notably, S. maltophilia and V. paradoxus were detected in high abundance, as revealed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, with S. maltophilia also isolated by culture methods. KO-pathway analysis indicated that pathways related to primary, secondary, and energy metabolism were predominantly enriched, suggesting these bacteria may promote H. bachu growth by producing essential compounds, including sugars, proteins, and vitamins, and secondary metabolites. This study confirmed the presence of EFBs in H. bachu and provided the first comprehensive overview of their structure, functional potential, and dynamic changes throughout fruiting body maturation, offering valuable insights for advancing the artificial domestication of this species.
Contributions to the Inocybe umbratica–paludinella (Agaricales) Group in China: Taxonomy, Species Diversity, and Molecular Phylogeny
Authors: Chen Xin , Yu Wen-Jie , Bau Tolgor , Matheny P. Brandon , Horak Egon , Liu Yu , Qin Li-Wu , Tang Li-Ping , Ge Yu-Peng , Liu Tie-Zhi , Fan Yu-Guang
Published: December 2024

Inocybe is the largest genus in the family Inocybaceae, with approximately 1000 species worldwide. Basic data on the species diversity, geographic distribution, and the infrageneric framework of Inocybe are still incomplete because of the intricate nature of this genus, which includes numerous unrecognized taxa that exist around the world. A multigene phylogeny of the I. umbratica–paludinella group, initially designated as the “I. angustifolia subgroup”, was conducted using the ITS-28S-rpb2 nucleotide datasets. The seven species, I. alabamensis, I. angustifolia, I. argenteolutea, I. olivaceonigra, I. paludinella, I. subangustifolia, and I. umbratica, were confirmed as members of this species group. At the genus level, the I. umbratica–paludinella group is a sister to the lineage of the unifying I. castanea and an undescribed species. Inocybe sect. Umbraticae sect. nov. was proposed to accommodate species in the I. umbratica–paludinella group and the I. castanea lineage. This section now comprises eight documented species and nine new species from China, as described in this paper. Additionally, new geographical distributions of I. angustifolia and I. castanea in China are reported. The nine new species and I. angustifolia, I. castanea, I. olivaceonigra, and I. umbratica are described in detail and illustrated herein with color plates based on Chinese materials. A global key to 17 species in the section Umbraticae is provided. The results of the current study provide a more detailed basis for the accurate identification of species in the I. umbratica-paludinella group and a better understanding of their phylogenetic placement.
Disinformation Detection: Developing a Categorical Framework Through Thematic Analysis
Authors: Boko Antea
Published: December 2024

In recent years, disinformation has become a significant problem in the media environment. The topic is therefore increasingly relevant in recent research, and authors approach it in different ways. This research aims to provide an answer to the need for a deeper understanding of how to detect and combat disinformation. The primary purpose of this research is to identify and systematize key categories that enable the detection of disinformation, providing a solid framework for combating this ubiquitous challenge. The qualitative method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the relevant literature and articles published in the period from 2011 to 2024. Thematic analysis was chosen because of its ability to successfully systematize key categories and create an adequate theoretical framework. The results of the research revealed eight key categories for the detection of disinformation: harm level, source checking, linguistic, syntactic, psycho-linguistic, style, visual and social context categories. These categories offer a systematic approach to recognizing disinformation from different perspectives, and the research itself emphasizes the importance of collaboration between people and analysis software. The research represents a comprehensive theoretical framework that not only contributes to the academic debate, but also serves as a foundation for future educational materials and experimental research.
The Contribution of Extreme Event Communication to Climate Change Mitigation: Outrage and Blame Discourse in Twitter Conversation on Severe Fires
Authors: Alonso Jurnet Ángela , Larrondo Ureta Ainara
Published: December 2024

Risk communication from the perspective of Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), which assesses the extent to which climate change influences various extreme weather events, has significant potential for climate change communication due to its ability to make the phenomenon more relatable to citizens. This study examines the digital conversation generated following the wave of wildfires in Spain in 2022, which was declared the worst year of the 21st century in terms of hectares burned. By using the Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology, 145,081 tweets were analyzed to construct a mention network, capturing the digital clusters formed around this discussion and highlighting the predominant tones in the debate. The findings reveal that the conversation predominantly adopted a tone of outrage and assigned responsibility. This research study offers a renewed perspective on risk communication, highlighting significant challenges faced by environmental activism on social media and underscoring the need to improve communication strategies to increase awareness and mobilization around climate change.
Personalized Risk Assessment for Taxane-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Hyun Jin , Ko Minoh , Kim In-Wha , Oh Jung Mi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, are widely used in cancer treatment but frequently cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), disrupting treatment continuity. This meta-analysis aimed to identify consistent risk factors for taxane-induced HSRs to support personalized risk assessments and optimize therapeutic outcomes. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023476738). Comprehensive literature searches were conducted up to 30 June 2024. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesized to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using fixed or random effects models. Results: A total of 18 studies of moderate or higher quality were included, involving 8333 patients. The incidence of HSRs ranged from 3.0% to 33.1%. Risk factors assessed included history of allergy, obesity, postmenopausal state, ovarian cancer, and H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) premedication. A history of allergy was identified as a potential risk factor with marginal significance (OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.97–3.54, p = 0.06), while H2RA premedication, ovarian cancer, and female sex were not significantly associated with HSR risk. Substantial heterogeneity was observed for obesity (I2 = 57.71%, p = 0.069) and postmenopausal status (I2 = 78.98%). Conclusions: This study highlights the complex nature of taxane-induced HSRs and emphasizes the need for personalized risk assessments. While a history of allergy is a potential risk factor, heterogeneity across other factors underscores the importance of individualized approaches. Clinicians should tailor strategies to balance the benefits of taxane therapy with patient-specific risks to improve clinical outcomes.
Confiscation Beyond the All-Crime Approach and the Proportionality Principle—A Case of the Lithuanian Illicit Enrichment Offence Concept
Authors: Bikelis Skirmantas
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the ultimate limits of crime proceeds control measures from the perspective of the proportionality principle. The concept of the general illicit enrichment offence (GIEO) is explored as it is considered one of the most radical illicit asset control measures. It is based on two extreme elements: first, it reaches broadly beyond the all-crime proceeds approach and targets any unexplained assets. Secondly, it provides highly intrusive measures, involving both the confiscation of assets and, in addition, criminal sanctions. The advantages and risks of the concept are examined from both practical and basic legal principle perspectives. The author presents recent results from the Lithuanian penal justice system, where the GIEO has been introduced into penal law and practice since the end of 2010. A rich body of case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and European Union Court of Justice (EUCJ) serves as the background of the analysis. The author concludes that the concept of GEIO is in conflict with the proportionality principle. Although the Lithuanian Constitutional Court did not find proportionality issues with the GIEO, the prospects of successful challenges with respect to the proportionality principle in the ECtHR and the EUCJ appear promising.
Visualization of the 3D Structure of Subcritical Aqueous Ca(NO3)2 Solutions at 25~350 °C and 40 MPa by Raman and X-Ray Scattering Combined with Empirical Potential Structure Refinement Modeling
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio , Li Kousei , Matsumoto Yuki , Fukuyama Nami , Yoshida Koji
Published: December 2024

Raman scattering measurements were performed on 1 mol dm−3 aqueous calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solutions containing 4% (w/w) D2O in a temperature range from 25 to 350 °C and pressure of 40 MPa. As the temperature increased, the N–O symmetric stretching vibrational band (ν1) of NO3− at 1045–1047 cm−1 shifted to a lower wavenumber by 5~6 cm−1. The band analysis using one Lorentzian component showed that the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) did not change significantly below 175 °C but increased rapidly above 200 °C for both solutions. The peak area for an aqueous Ca(NO3)2 solution showed a breakpoint between 225 and 250 °C, suggesting a change in the coordination shell of NO3− at 175~250 °C. The OD symmetric stretching vibrational band of HDO water was deconvoluted into two Gaussian components at 2530 and 2645 cm−1; the former component has high temperature dependence that is ascribed to the hydrogen bonds, whereas the latter one shows less temperature dependence due to the non-hydrogen bonds of water. X-ray scattering measurements were performed on a 1 mol dm−3 aqueous Ca(NO3)2 solution at 25 to 210 °C and 40 MPa. Empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modeling was used to analyze the X-ray scattering data. Ca2+ forms a rigid coordination shell consisting of about seven water molecules at 2.48 Å and one NO3− at 25~170 °C, with further water molecules substituted by NO3− at 210 °C. NO3− is surrounded by 13~14 water molecules at an N–Ow distance of 3.6~3.7 Å. The tetrahedral network structure of solvent water pertains from 25 to 170 °C but is transformed to a dense packing arrangement at 210 °C.
Analysis of the Deterioration Mechanisms of Tools in the Process of Forging Elements for the Automotive Industry from Nickel–Chromium Steel in Order to Select a Wear-Limiting Coating
Authors: Lachowicz Marzena M. , Ziemba Jacek , Janik Marta , Trusz Agnieszka , Hawryluk Marek
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the operation of representative forging tools (in the context of using various surface engineering techniques) used in the process of the hot forging of nickel–chromium steel elements. The influence of the microstructure and hardness of the material on the durability of the tools is also discussed, which is important for understanding the mechanisms of their wear. The research showed that the standard tools used in the process (only after nitriding) as a reference point worked for the shortest period, making an average of about 1400 forgings. In turn, the tools coated with the CrAlSiN coating allowed for the production of the largest number of forgings, reaching 2400 pieces, with uniform wear. In comparison, the tools with the CrAlBN coating made 1900 forgings. Three-dimensional scanning analysis showed that CrAlSiN- and CrAlBN-coated tools have lower volumetric wear, around 41–43 mm3, compared to 59 mm3 for nitrided tools. For a better comparison of tool life, the authors proposed the Z-factor, as the material loss to the number of forgings. The CrAlSiN coating showed the lowest material loss, despite a slightly higher Z-factor value compared to the CrAlBN coating. The use of hybrid coatings such as CrAlSiN and CrAlBN significantly reduces tool wear while increasing service life compared to tools that are nitrided only.