bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing the opioid crisis: An assessment of clinicians’ training experience, practices, and attitudes within a large healthcare organization
Authors: Kirane, MD Harshal , Drits, DO Elina , Ahn, MS Seungjun , Kapoor, MD Sandeep , Morgenstern, PhD Jonathan , Conigliaro, MD Joseph , Enden, MD Jay
Published: June 2019

Objective: To assess provider practices and attitudes toward addiction care and pain management within a large healthcare system, as well as to determine the impact of prior training and perceived effectiveness of organizational implementation strategies. Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: Large healthcare organization comprising 21 hospitals.Participants: Three hundred and thirteen healthcare providers within a large healthcare organization.Main outcome measures: Training, practices, and attitudes toward opioid-related care.Methods: One thousand providers including physicians (MD/DO) and physician extenders (NP/PA) were contacted via email request. The Mann-Whitney test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, was used for comparisons of continuous and categorical variables, respectively.Results: Providers lacked prior pain management (36 percent), addiction (38 percent), or buprenorphine training (92 percent). Few providers were confident in treating opioid use disorders (OUD) (19 percent) and opioid tapering (24 percent) but interested in safe prescribing practices (81 percent). While most providers preferred to refer patients for OUD (89 percent), only a small portion felt appropriate services were readily available (22 percent). Trained providers appear significantly more engaged in checking Prescription Drug Monitoring Program database [median = 1 (Q1 = 1, Q3 = 2) vs 2(1, 3); p < 0.001], comfortable obtaining urine drug screens [2(2, 3) vs 3(2, 4); p < 0.002], and willing to treat OUD with additional support [3(2, 4) vs 4(3, 4); p < 0.022] compared to non-trained providers. Primary care providers were more likely to view OUDs in their scope of practice [4(2, 5) vs 4(3, 5); p < 0.016] and willing to treat OUD with additional support [3(2, 3) vs 3(2, 4); p < 0.0007] compared to specialists. Buprenorphine providers appear to have more confidence in skills for OUD [2(1, 3) vs 4(3, 4); p < 0.0001] and tapering [2(1, 2) vs 4(3, 5); p < 0.0001], and diminished preference to refer [2(1, 5) vs 1(1, 2); p < 0.0009] compared to non-buprenorphine providers.Conclusions: Providers within a large healthcare system lack training and confidence in management of opioid-related care. Buprenorphine training positively modified key attitudes toward addiction care, yet engagement in medication-assisted treatment remains limited. Providers are concerned about opioid risks, and view guideline implementation and direct input from addiction specialists as effective organizational strategies. Further research is needed to clarify the efficacy of such approaches.
A longitudinal analysis of temporal and spatial incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in Ontario: 2003-2016
Authors: Dawson, MPH Emily , Lew, MD Candidate Julia , Mauer-Vakil, BKin Dane , Van Dijk, MSc Adam , Belanger, PhD Paul , Moore, MD Kieran M.
Published: June 2019

Objective: This study describes the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Ontario, Canada by year and health region from 2003 to 2016. Design: The incidence of NAS diagnoses per 1,000 live births was calculated for the 36 local public health agency regions in Ontario from 2003 to 2016 using retrospective hospital admissions data. Infants with a diagnosis of NAS were identified using ICD-10 code P961. Local public health agency level data were aggregated and analyzed by geographic region and by Statistics Canada 2015 Peer Groups.Results: The incidence of NAS in Ontario increased from 0.99 per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 5.94 per 1,000 live births in 2016. There were major differences in NAS incidence by geography, North Western Ontario had the greatest incidence across all years. Health regions with a rural and population center mix or mostly rural population had greater incidence rate of NAS compared to health regions with high density population centers.Conclusions: The incidence of NAS has dramatically increased across Ontario in the last decade. Actions should be taken to combat the continued increase in NAS rates, especially in health regions with disproportionately high incidence of NAS.
Attitudes and self-reported practices of orthopedic providers regarding prescription opioid use
Authors: Kattail, MD, MHS Deepa , Hsu, MHS Aaron , Yaster, MD Myron , Vozzo, BA Paul T. , Gao, BA Shuna , Thompson, MD John M. , Roter, DrPH Debra L. , Laporte, MD Dawn , Henn 3rd, MD R. Frank , Fiadjoe, MD John E. , Monitto, MD Constance L.
Published: June 2019

Objective: Orthopedic surgeons are the third-highest opioid prescribers in the United States. Their prescribing practices can significantly affect the quantity of unconsumed opioids available to fuel the current opioid epidemic. The aim of this study was to identify prescribing patterns and knowledge gaps among orthopedic providers for targeted future interventions and investigation.Design: An online survey describing six common orthopedic surgical scenarios was distributed electronically to determine opioid type and quantity prescribed at discharge, medication disposal instructions, and the use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in the prescription writing process.Setting: Tertiary care academic hospitals.Participants: Orthopedic physicians and mid-level providers practicing at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and University of Maryland Medical System. Of 179 providers contacted, 127 (71 percent) completed the survey.Main outcome measures: Quantity of opioid prescribed, utilization of PDMPs, and provision of opioid disposal instructions.Results: While statistically significant associations were identified between quantity of opioid prescribed and surgical procedure, for five of six scenarios 95 percent of respondents recommended prescribing >55 oxycodone 5 mg pill equivalents (PEs) at discharge. An inverse correlation between years of clinical practice and mean number of PEs prescribed was observed. Fewer than 40 percent of respondents modified prescribing when presented with clinically relevant changes in scenario (history of depression or drug abuse). Over 60 percent of respondents do not use PDMPs, and 79 percent do not provide opioid disposal instructions.Conclusions: Our findings support a need for targeted education to mitigate the role of orthopedic postoperative prescribing practices on the current opioid abuse epidemic.
Race and ethnicity: Not factors in the prescribing of hydrocodone- and codeine-containing products in two pediatric emergency departments
Authors: Rees, MD, MPH Chris A. , Bernhardt, PharmD Melanie Brooke , Camp, PhD Elizabeth A. , Lin, BA Jessica S. , Chumpitazi, MD, MS Corrie E.
Published: June 2019

Objective: To describe the prescription of hydrocodone-containing products (HCPs) and codeine-containing products (CCPs) by patient and provider race and ethnicity at two pediatric emergency departments (EDs) before and after the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) rescheduling of HCPs in 2014.Design and setting: The authors performed a secondary analysis of data describing the prescription of HCPs and CCPs for 6 months before and after the DEA rescheduling of HCPs in two academic, urban pediatric EDs.Patients, participants: The authors included all children for whom race and ethnicity data were available and who were prescribed HCPs or CCPs at the time of discharge from the ED during a 12-month period (n = 1,246). The authors sent a three-question survey soliciting name, race, and ethnicity to all providers who prescribed an HCP or a CCP during the study period.Main outcome measures: Chi-square comparisons were made between the number of HCP and CCP prescriptions for primary ED diagnosis and patient ethnicity or race. The number of HCP and CCP prescriptions before and after the DEA rescheduling were compared to patient and provider race and ethnicity using the Breslow-Day test for homogeneity.Results: There were no significant differences in the number of HCP and CCP prescriptions between the pre- and post-DEA rescheduling periods across all racial and ethnic groups. When comparing the number of HCP and CCP prescriptions to patient race, Caucasian patients (84.4 percent) were prescribed more HCPs and CCPs than African Americans (15.6 percent) for abdominal pain (p value = 0.02). Non-Hispanic providers prescribed CCPs more often (n = 38, 55.2 percent) than Hispanic providers (n = 0, 0.0 percent) after DEA rescheduling (Breslow-Day p value = 0.01). Providers of all races wrote similar numbers of HCP and CCP prescriptions before and after the DEA rescheduling (Breslow-Day p value = 0.99).Conclusions: Pediatric patients of all races and ethnicities received fewer HCP prescriptions after the 2014 DEA rescheduling of HCPs. However, Caucasian patients were prescribed HCPs and CCPs for abdominal pain more frequently than African American patients. There were no significant differences in the number of prescriptions of HCPs and CCPs by provider race.
A retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with unclassified HPV genotypes
Authors: Turkler Can , Kiremitli Tunay
Published: June 2019

Introduction

This study primarily aimed to investigate the associations between unclassified HPV genotypes and cervical lesions.

Material and methods

This was a retrospective review of 411 patients with HPV positivity. The participants were divided into two groups: Group X contained HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 while group Y contained unclassified HPV genotypes such as 42, 54, 61, 62, 71, 81, 83, 84 and 89. The X and Y groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics and related cervical pathologies. We investigated the potential of HPV genotypes in group Y to develop cervical neoplasia.

Results

HPV 16 is the most common genotype in group X (28.5%) whereas HPV 83 is the most common genotype in group Y (4.9%). Group X and group Y were statistically similar with respect to age (p = 0.231), parity (p = 0.617), occupation (p = 0.535), marital status (p = 0.644), education level (p = 0.316), smoking (p = 0.352), gynecological findings (p = 0.201), Pap smear results (p = 0.427), and colposcopy findings (p = 0.476). When compared to group X, normal cervical biopsy was significantly more frequent (18.6% vs. 39.1%), chronic cervicitis was significantly less frequent (49.5% vs. 36.9%), CIN 1 was significantly less frequent (12.9% vs. 8.7%) and CIN 2 was significantly less frequent (5.6% vs. 2.2%) (p = 0.012). Cervical cancer was diagnosed in three patients of group X and one patient of group Y (1.6% vs. 2.2%).

Conclusions

Screening programs for cervical cancer are generally performed to detect HPV genotypes with high oncogenic potential. The importance of unclassified HPV genotypes should be investigated in large scale studies so that the success of screening programs and vaccination can be improved.
miRNA-133a has anti-tumor effects on glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Li , An Xian , Yang Wenhong , Han Xu
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are primary malignant gliomas and astrocytomas that predominantly threaten patients’ life. The aim of this study was to explain how miRNA-133a plays an important role in GBM patients’ life.

Material and methods

We analyzed the pathology in healthy and GBM tissues by HE staining. We evaluated the MEK protein expression in adjacent and cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). By cell experiment, we evaluated the miRNA-133a effects in U87 cells, which are a human primary glioblastoma cell line, biologically by MTT assay, flow cytometer and wound healing assay and measuring the relative protein expressions by WB assay.

Results

GBM patients show poor prognosis of < 1.5-year survival period. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate miR-133a and MEK levels in glioma tissues and healthy tissues, and the correlation between miR-133a and MEK was analyzed. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Wound healing assay was performed to detect cell migration. The results show a lower miR-133a level in glioma tissue than healthy tissue, and miR-133a is positively correlated with patients’ overall survival (OS). Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) agonist rescues miR-133a mimic induced reduction of U87 cell proliferation. FGF1 agonist inhibits miR-133a mimic caused up-regulation of U87 cell apoptosis, U87 cells that were at G1 stage and U87 cell migration. p-MEK/p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-ERK signaling pathways were responsible for the protective role of miR-133a in GBM.

Conclusions

miR-133a plays a protective role in GBM via inhibiting activation of MEK/PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, and might be an effective therapy for GBM.
Training in intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves reduces the risk of their injury during thyroid surgery
Authors: Kuryga Dorota , Wojskowicz Piotr , Szymczuk Jaroslaw , Wojdyla Anna , Milewska Anna , Barczynski Marcin , Dadan Jacek , Rogowski Marek , Mysliwiec Piotr
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Even though incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is low, it affects importantly the quality of life of patients and remains one of main medicolegal litigation problems in surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become widely accepted tool helping in recurrent laryngeal nerve identification, however no clear association of IONM with RLNP rate has been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to assess whether training in IONM influences rates of RNLP after thyroid surgery as an independent factor.

Material and methods

We analysed retrospectively 1235 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at the 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok. Possible risk factors for RLNP were evaluated: application or not of IONM, the extent of surgery or thyroid pathology in correlation with surgeons’ experience in IONM (trained or untrained).

Results

There were 2351 nerves at risk (NAR) and 39 RNLP were diagnosed after thyroid surgery (1.66%). Surgeons trained in IONM performed 52.2% of all operations (1200 NAR) with 7 RLNP (0.58%), whereas not-trained had 32 RLNP for 1151 NAR (2.8%; p < 0.001). After 182 thyroidectomies (357 NAR) guided by IONM (14.7%) 3 RLNP were observed (0.84%) vs. 36 palsies per 1994 NAR without IONM (1.81%; p = 0.189). The highest danger of RLNP was reported after reoperations and the lowest after subtotal thyroidectomies. We found no association between thyroid pathology and RLNP rate.

Conclusions

According to our study training in IONM decreases chances of RLNP especially during total or near total thyroidectomy.
Big Five personality traits among Polish students facing the transformations of the education system
Authors: Filipiak Sara , Łubianka Beata
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of the present study was to analyze personality traits in the Big Five Model among Polish students in early adolescence, who were on the verge of introduction of a new reform in the Polish education system. The article presents a summary of the results of the first of the planned three stages of the longitudinal study.

Participants and procedure

The participants of the study were 910 people at the sixth grade of primary schools, aged from 11 to 13 (M = 12.40, SD = 0.58), and at the first grade of junior high schools, aged from 12 to 14 (M = 13.40, SD = 0.53) in the school year 2016/2017. The analysis of personality traits was carried out using the Picture Based Personality Survey for Children (PBPS-C v1).

Results

The results showed that young people from primary schools are more conscientious and open to experience than their older schoolmates. Girls from primary schools are more conscientious and open to new experience than their older peers; and boys from primary schools are more conscientious than their older schoolmates. Gender and level of education turned out to be sig-nificant predictors of some personality traits. Extraversion is associated with boys while neuroticism and agreeableness are as-sociated with girls. Level of education is associated with openness to experience and conscientiousness.

Conclusions

The results are discussed in the context of possible practical rearing influence aimed at supporting young people’s development in the context of educational changes that they are about to face.
Resiliency as a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress of cardiac patients
Authors: Góralska Katarzyna , Basińska Małgorzata A.
Published: June 2019

Background

Since cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of premature mortality in men and women in Poland, it is reasonable to look for factors that protect against these conditions. Psychological resiliency is one of such properties that support adaptation in difficult situations and conducive to adaptation to the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping of cardiac patients and to determine whether resiliency is a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress in this group.

Participants and procedure

In the study the Assessment of Resiliency Scale (SPP-25) and the scale of Flexibility in Coping with Stress (KERS-14) were used. The participants of the study were 120 cardiac patients (72 men and 48 women) at the age 29-75.

Results

The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping. Each of the resiliency dimensions, as well as the result of the overall resiliency, correlates positively with each of the dimensions of flexibility in coping. The analysis showed that resiliency is an important predictor of a dependent variable – flexible in coping.

Conclusions

There is a positive relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping with stress in cardiac patients. Peo-ple with a higher intensity of resiliency in comparison to people with lower intensity of resiliency are character-ized by greater flexibility in coping with stress. The dimensions of resiliency, in particular ‘Persistence and de-termination in action’ and ‘Openness to new experiences and sense of humor’, together with the duration of the disease, play a predictive role for flexibility in coping with stress.
Variability of OH reactivity in the Landes maritime Pine forest: Results from the LANDEX campaign 2017
Authors: Bsaibes Sandy , Al Ajami Mohamad , Mermet Kenneth , Truong François , Batut Sébastien , Hecquet Christophe , Dusanter Sébastien , Léornadis Thierry , Sauvage Stéphane , Kammer Julien , Flaud Pierre-Marie , Perraudin Emilie , Villenave Eric , Locoge Nadine , Gros Valérie , Schoemaecker Coralie
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Total OH reactivity measurements were conducted during the LANDEX intensive field campaign in a coniferous temperate forest located in the Landes area, south-western France, during July 2017. In order to investigate inter-canopy and intra-canopy variability, measurements were performed inside (6 m) and above the canopy level (12 m), as well as at two different locations within the canopy, using a Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM) and a Laser Photolysis-Laser Induced Fluorescence (LP-LIF) instrument. The two techniques were intercompared at the end of the campaign by performing measurements at the same location. Volatile organic compounds were also monitored at both levels with a proton transfer-time of flight mass spectrometer and online gas Chromatography instruments to evaluate their contribution to total OH reactivity, with monoterpenes being the main reactive species emitted in this Pinus pinaster Aiton dominated forest. Total OH reactivity varied diurnally, following the trend of BVOCs of which emissions and concentrations were dependent on meteorological parameters. Highest levels of total OH reactivity were observed during nights with a low turbulence (u* ≤ 0.2 m/s) leading to lower mixing of emitted species within the canopy and thus an important vertical stratification, characterized by a strong concentration gradient. By comparing the calculated OH reactivity from contributions of individually measured compounds to the measured OH reactivity, a discrepancy was seen at both heights mainly related to ambient temperature during day-time. It highlights that missing OH sinks could be due to temperature-dependent missing primary emissions or secondary products linked to a temperature-enhanced photochemistry. During night-time hours, atmospheric stability and relative humidity played a key role in the missing reactivity. Lower turbulence showed to be favourable for night-time chemistry, inducing a higher missing OH reactivity. Humid surfaces may have represented an additional sink for oxygenated compounds, escaping de facto total OH reactivity, and leading to lower or no missing OH reactivity.
Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain
Authors: Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. An automated wind turbine wake characterization algorithm has been developed
and applied to a data set of over 19 000 scans measured by a ground-based
scanning Doppler lidar at Perdigão, Portugal, over the period January to
June 2017. Potential wake cases are identified by wind speed, direction and
availability of a retrieved free-stream wind speed. The algorithm correctly
identifies the wake centre position in 62 % of possible wake cases, with 46 %
having a clear and well-defined wake centre surrounded by a coherent area of
lower wind speeds while 16 % have split centres or multiple lobes where
the lower wind speed volumes are no longer in coherent areas but present as
two or more distinct areas or lobes. Only 5 % of cases are not detected;
the remaining 33 % could not be categorized either by the algorithm or
subjectively, mainly due to the complexity of the background flow. Average
wake centre heights categorized by inflow wind speeds are shown to be
initially lofted (to two rotor diameters, D, downstream) except when the inflow
wind speeds exceed 12 ms−1. Even under low wind speeds, by 3.5 D
downstream of the wind turbine, the mean wake centre position is below the
initial wind turbine hub height and descends broadly following the terrain
slope. However, this behaviour is strongly linked to the hour of the day and
atmospheric stability. Overnight and in stable conditions, the average
height of the wake centre is 10 m higher than in unstable conditions at 2 D downstream from the wind turbine and 17 m higher at 4.5 D downstream.
A quasi-experimental coastal region eddy diffusivity applied in the APUGRID model
Authors: Maldaner Silvana , Stefanello Michel , Martins Luis Gustavo N. , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Rizza Umberto , Roberti Débora Regina , Puhales Franciano S. , Acevedo Otávio C.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140-m high tower located at a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion-advection equation by the Fractional Step/Locally One-Dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank-Nicholson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.
Using Respiration Quotients to Track Changing Sources of Soil Respiration Seasonally and with Experimental Warming
Authors: Hicks Pries Caitlin , Angert Alon , Castanha Cristina , Hilman Boaz , Torn Margaret S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Developing a more mechanistic understanding of soil respiration is hampered by the difficulty in determining the contribution of different organic substrates to respiration and in disentangling autotrophic versus heterotrophic and aerobic versus anaerobic processes. Here, we present a relatively novel tool for better understanding soil respiration: the apparent respiration quotient (ARQ). ARQ is the amount of CO2 produced in the soil divided by the amount of O2 consumed and it changes according to which organic substrates are being consumed and whether oxygen is being used as an electron acceptor. We investigated how the ARQ of soil gas varied seasonally, by soil depth, and by experimental warming in situ in a coniferous forest whole-soil-profile warming experiment over two years. We then compared the patterns in ARQ to those of soil δ13CO2. Our measurements showed strong seasonal variations in ARQ from ≈ 0.9 during the late spring and summer to ≈ 0.7 during the winter. This pattern likely reflected a shift from respiration being fueled by oxidized substrates like sugars and organic acids derived from root and root respiration during the growing season to more reduced substrates such as lipids and proteins derived from microbial necromass during the winter. This interpretation was supported by δ13CO2 values, which were relatively depleted, like lipids, in the winter and more enriched, like sugars, in the summer. Furthermore, wintertime ARQ was higher in warmed (+4 °C) than in control plots, probably due to an increase in the use of more oxidized carbon substrates with warming. Our results demonstrate that soil ARQ shows strong seasonal patterns in line the phenology of carbon inputs and patterns in soil δ13CO2, verifying ARQ as a tool for disentangling the biological sources contributing to soil respiration.
Effects of the arrival of fresh organic matter on eroded and nutrient-depleted trawling grounds (Gulf of Castellammare, SW Mediterranean)
Authors: Paradis Sarah , Pusceddu Antonio , Masqué Pere , Puig Pere , Moccia Davide , Russo Tommaso , Lo Iacono Claudio
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Bottom trawling in the deep sea is one of the main drivers of sediment resuspension, eroding the deep seafloor and altering the content and composition of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The physical and biogeochemical impacts of bottom trawling on the seafloor were studied in the continental slope of the Gulf of Castellammare, Sicily (Southwestern Mediterranean) through the analysis of two triplicate sediment cores collected in trawled and untrawled sites (~ 550 m water depth) during the summer of 2016. Geochemical and sedimentological parameters (excess 210Pb, excess 234Th, 137Cs, dry bulk density, and grain size), elemental (organic carbon and nitrogen) and biochemical composition of sedimentary OM (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), as well as its freshness (phytopigments) and degradation rates were determined in both coring locations. The untrawled site had a sedimentation rate of 0.15 cm yr−1 and presented a 6-cm thick surface mixed layer that contained coarser sediment with low excess 210Pb concentrations, possibly resulting from the resuspension, posterior advection, and eventual deposition of siltier and older sediment from adjacent trawling grounds. In contrast, the trawled site was characterized by highly eroded and compacted century-old sediment, as shown by the lack of excess 210Pb and high dry bulk densities. The continuous erosion in the trawled site has led to the depletion of OM, which were between 20 % and 60 % lower than those in the untrawled site, as well as to statistically significant differences in the biochemical composition of OM. Nevertheless, the upper 2 cm of the trawled site consisted of recently accumulated sediments, enriched in excess 234Th, excess 210Pb, and phytopigments, which had similar OM contents to surface sediments from the untrawled core. The arrival of fresh sediment in a chronically-trawled deep-sea site that is generally deprived of OM was associated with an enhancement of remineralization rates, reflected by protein turnover rates of 0.025 d−1, which doubled the rates quantified in surface sediments of the untrawled site. We conclude that the detrimental effects of bottom trawling can be temporarily and partially abated by the arrival of fresh and nutritionally-rich OM, which stimulate the response of benthic communities. However, these ephemeral deposits are likely to be swiftly eroded due to the high trawling frequency over fishing grounds, highlighting the importance of establishing management strategies to mitigate the impacts of bottom trawling.
Die Wohnungsfrage abseits der Metropolen: Wohnen in Salzburg zwischen touristischer Nachfrage und Finanzanlagen
Authors: Van-Hametner Andreas , Smigiel Christian , Kautzschmann Karolin , Zeller Christian
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The housing question is a topic of increasing concern in a number of European cities. Rising housing costs burden many households. Since the outbreak of the global economic crisis in 2008, housing has increasingly come under spotlight of investors. Institutional and private actors invest in real estate not only in metropolitan areas but also in middle and small-sized towns. Tourism-induced demand increases the pressure on housing markets particularly in tourist-dominated cities. The manifestation of these processes varies on a small scale and is influenced by regional-local planning and politics. Based on the example of the city of Salzburg, the article shows that the housing question manifests itself strongly aside metropolises as well. Financial investments by private and institutional actors in real estate and different forms of tourism demand exacerbate the housing shortage. By linking the discussions about the effects of (mass-)tourism and financial investments on regional housing markets, this paper provides additional insights. The additional demand for (residential) space by tourism is used to increase or secure the return on investments in real estate. Financial investments in housing offer additional (problematic) potential for tourist use, such as short-term rentals. Owners benefit from both processes. Due to the prevalent power relations, planning and politics have little to counter the current challenges.
The multiscale routing model mRM v1.0: simple river routing at resolutions from 1 to 50 km
Authors: Thober Stephan , Cuntz Matthias , Kelbling Matthias , Kumar Rohini , Mai Juliane , Samaniego Luis
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Routing streamflow through a river network is a fundamental
requirement to verify lateral water fluxes simulated by hydrologic
and land surface models. River routing is performed at diverse
resolutions ranging from few kilometres to 1∘. The presented
multiscale routing model mRM calculates streamflow at diverse
spatial and temporal resolutions. mRM solves the kinematic wave
equation using a finite difference scheme. An adaptive time stepping
scheme fulfilling a numerical stability criterion is introduced in
this study and compared against the original parameterisation of mRM
that has been developed within the mesoscale hydrologic model
(mHM). mRM requires a high-resolution river network, which is
upscaled internally to the desired spatial resolution. The user can
change the spatial resolution by simply changing a single number in
the configuration file without any further adjustments of the input
data. The performance of mRM is investigated on two datasets: a
high-resolution German dataset and a slightly lower resolved
European dataset. The adaptive time stepping scheme within mRM shows
a remarkable scalability compared to its predecessor. Median
Kling–Gupta efficiencies change less than 3 % when the model
parameterisation is transferred from 3 to 48 km resolution. mRM also
exhibits seamless scalability in time, providing similar results
when forced with hourly and daily runoff. The streamflow calculated
over the Danube catchment by the regional climate model REMO coupled
to mRM reveals that the 50 km simulation shows a smaller bias with
respect to observations than the simulation at 12 km
resolution. The mRM source code is freely available and highly
modular, facilitating easy internal coupling in existing Earth
system models.
Effect of Water Surface Area on the Remotely Sensed Water Quality Parameters of Baysh Dam Lake, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elhag Mohamed , Gitas Ioannis , Othman Anas , Bahrawi Jarbou
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Water quality parameters help to decide the further use of water based on its quality. Changes in water surface area in the lake shall affect the water quality. Chlorophyll a, Nitrate concentration and water turbidity were extracted from satellite images to record each variation on these parameters caused by the water amount in the lake changes. Each water quality measures have been recorded with its surface area reading to analyses the effects. Water quality parameters were estimated from Sentinel-2 sensor based on the satellite temporal resolution for the years 2017–2018. Data were pre-processed then processed to estimate the Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI). The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), was used to calculate and record the changes in the water surface area in Baysh dam lake. Results showed different correlation coefficients between the lake surface area and the water quality parameters estimated Remote Sensing data. The response of the water quality parameters to surface water changes was expressed in four different surface water categories. MCI is more sensitive to surface water changes rather than GNDVI and NDTI. Neural network Analysis showed a resemblance between GNDVI and NDTI expressed in sigmoidal function while MCI showed a different behavior expressed in exponential behavior. Therefore, monitoring of the surface water area of the lack is essential in water quality monitoring.
Mechanisms of consistently disjunct soil water pools over (pore) space and time
Authors: Sprenger Matthias , Llorens Pilar , Cayuela Carles , Gallart Francesc , Latron Jérôme
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The storage and release of water in soils is critical for
sustaining plant transpiration and groundwater recharge. However, how much
subsurface mixing of water occurs, and how much of the water is available for plants or otherwise percolates to streams and the groundwater is not yet
understood. Based on stable isotope (2H and
18O) data, some studies have found that water infiltrating into soils can bypass older pore
water. However, the mechanisms leading to the separation of water routed
to the streams and water held tightly in smaller pores are still unclear.
Here, we address the current limitations of the understanding of subsurface
mixing and their consequences regarding the application of stable isotopes in
ecohydrological studies. We present an extensive data set, for which we
sampled the isotopic composition of mobile and bulk soil water
in parallel with groundwater at a fortnightly temporal resolution and stream water and rainfall at a much higher resolution in a Mediterranean
long-term research catchment, in Vallcebre, Spain. The data reveal that the
mobile and tightly bound water of a silty loam soil in a Scots pine forest
do not mix well; however, they constitute two disjunct subsurface water pools
with little exchange, despite intense rainfall events leading to high soil
wetness. We show that the isotopic compartmentalization results from the rewetting
of small soil pores by isotopically depleted winter/spring rain. Thus,
stable isotopes, and, in turn, water residence times, do not only vary
across soil depth, but also across soil pores. Our findings have important
implications for stable isotope applications in ecohydrological studies
assessing the water uptake by plants or the process realism of hydrological models,
as the observed processes are currently rarely implemented in the simulation
of water partitioning into evapotranspiration and recharge in the critical
zone.
Towards an Automatic Early Warning System of Flood
Hazards based on Precipitation Forecast: The case of the
Miño River (NW Spain)
Authors: González-Cao José , García-Feal Orlando , Fernández-Nóvoa Diego , Domínguez-Alonso José Manuel , Gómez-Gesteira Moncho
Published: June 2019

Abstract. An Early Warning System for flood prediction based on precipitation forecast is presented. The system uses rainfall forecast provided MeteoGalicia in combination with a hydrologic (HEC-HMS) and a hydraulic (Iber+) models. The upper reach of the Miño River and the city of Lugo (NW Spain) are used as a study area. Starting from rainfall forecast, HEC-HMS calculates the streamflow and Iber+ is automatically executed when a certain threshold is exceeded for some previously defined risk areas. The analysis based on historical extreme events shows that the system can provide accurate results in less than one hour for a forecast horizon of 3 days and report an alert situation to decision-makers.
Juez Dredd y eugenesia: selección artificial, control social y tecnología en una distopía cinematográfica
Authors: Caro Gavilán José Manuel
Published: June 2019

La eugenesia decimonónica y de principios del siglo XX, influenciada por el degeneracionismo, alegaba una degradación de los individuos de la sociedad con la intención de apelar a la responsabilidad estatal para llevar a cabo prácticas que evitarían la degeneración de la población e incluso la mejorarían cualitativamente. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, usando la metodología neohistoricista, estas ideas decimonónicas recogidas en el discurso ideológico del relato cinematográfico de finales del siglo XX, Juez Dredd. Así, el Estado de este relato distópico, filmado en un contexto histórico conservador y en crisis, utiliza el control social, la selección artificial y la tecnología como mecanismos para afianzar y perpetuar la estructura política y social
Liderazgo y género en la ficción: un análisis comparativo en la serie House of Cards (Netflix, 2013)
Authors: Donstrup Mayte
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza la ficción serial House of Cards (Netflix, 2013- ), específicamente, los roles de Claire y Frank Underwood; un estudio que dará comienzo entendiendo a los discursos televisivos ficcionales como excelentes vehículos de significados que pueden proveer a las audiencias marcos para interpretar y entender la realidad. Bajo este contexto, el interés de este análisis se centrará en un estudio comparativo sobre la representación del liderazgo femenino y masculino que se da en dicho drama político, intentando arrojar luz sobre las estrategias, positivas o negativas, que atribuye la producción a cada uno de ellos cuando detenta el poder. Para ello, se ha realizado una metodología que recoge conceptos de la narrativa audiovisual y teorías del poder, y los resultados determinan las diferencias que existen entre ambos personajes cuando ejercen el liderazgo.
El humo flotante: la muerte y el legado en el díptico de Carmina (Paco León, 2012-2014)
Authors: Rodríguez Serrano Aarón , García Catalán Shaila
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis textual del díptico de Carmina Barrios: Carmina o revienta (Paco León, 2012) y Carmina y amén. (Paco León, 2014). Para ello, se utiliza una combinación de microanálisis fílmico y análisis estructural que permite profundizar en los procesos de significación de los textos. El análisis arrojará resultados concretos sobre la construcción narratológica del relato (espacio, tiempo, narradores y punto de vista), así como demostrará la relación que esos recursos mantienen con el tema principal de las películas: la importancia del legado matrilineal y los mecanismos de memoria familiar en la España contemporánea.
La doble dimensión de la autogestión: organización y trabajo en las cooperativas cartoneras de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Maldovan Bonelli Johanna
Published: June 2019

Este artículo busca aportar herramientas conceptuales para la comprensión de las modalidades organizativas de las experiencias de trabajo asociado, a partir del análisis de las prácticas de autogestión de las cooperativas de cartoneros de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Para ello se propone un esquema analítico que contempla a la autogestión en dos dimensiones. Una dimensión económicoorganizacional, que refiere al gerenciamiento de los recursos que las organizaciones movilizan, a la construcción de vínculos con los actores que garantizan su acceso y afluencia, la delimitación de formas de organización del trabajo y el desarrollo de estrategias para consolidar los colectivos asociados. Y una dimensión política, que comprende a las formas de gestión de las decisiones, la construcción de espacios de encuentro y negociación y el fomento de la participación y del compromiso de los asociados. Bajo este esquema se analizan las estrategias, obstáculos y tensiones que han atravesado al desarrollo de la Cooperativa Recuperando Futuro en el marco de los cambios de la política ambiental de la ciudad. Las reflexiones aquí presentadas surgen de una investigación llevada a cabo en cooperativas cartoneras del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires en el período 2007-2016. Desde un diseño metodológico cualitativo basado en un estudio de caso, se recurrió a la triangulación de datos y fuentes para la construcción y análisis de la información recabada.
Colecciones digitales del patrimonio cultural de Canarias: situación actual y propuesta de actuación
Authors: Núñez María Esther , Ortiz Repiso Virginia
Published: June 2019

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio realizado entre finales del 2015 yprincipios del 2017 sobre el estado del patrimonio de Canarias digitalizado y accesible a través deInternet, de cara a plantear una futura biblioteca digital regional en el ámbito de las tecnologías de laweb semántica. Se analizan los 87 proyectos existentes. La mayoría de ellos están liderados porinstituciones públicas, pero con una clara desconexión entre ellas. Se están llevando a cabo muchasiniciativas, pero este trabajo pone de manifiesto las carencias que existen. Estas provocan una faltaclara de interoperabilidad que impide a muchos de los proyectos participar en plataformas colectivasmayores como Hispana o Europeana. Se observa que cada administración camina, a nivel general, ensu propia dirección y con sus propios objetivos y planteamientos, pareciendo que la difusión digital desu patrimonio debiera ser más un reflejo de su propia estructura administrativa que de la propiaidiosincrasia del patrimonio que se publica en la red. Se proponen soluciones para paliar estasdeficiencias y poder hacer realidad una biblioteca digital regional de Canarias adaptada a otros usosnacionales e internacionales.
Concession in Chinese proverbs
Authors: Wu Jingyao
Published: June 2019

This article studies concession in Chinese proverbs from three different points of view: syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. It is based on several previous works that focus on concession and proverbs both in French and in Chinese. To our knowledge, no research has been done on the concession in proverbs. Proverbs possess several peculiar linguistic traits that condition the expression of concession. The objective of this paper is to examine the realization of this notion under proverbial syntactic constraints as well as to highlight their logico-semantic basis and to assess their pragmatic effects. Based on our corpus of Chinese proverbs, the article not only concludes with the most common syntactic structures, universal logical formula, but also points out the argumentative force and the politeness present in concessive Chinese proverbs.
Educação física e satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas em escolares de Maputo-Moçambique
Authors: Sitoe Selso Ananias , Codonhato Renan , Both Jorge , Fiorese Lenamar
Published: June 2019

Este estudo objetivou analisar a associação entre a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas e o interesse pelas aulas de educação física. Participaram 279 alunos (15,54±2,17 anos) de escolas públicas da cidade de Maputo-Moçambique. Instrumentos: Ficha de Caracterização e Escala de Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas no Exercício (BPNES). Análise: foram utilizados os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e Regressão Logística Binária (p<0,05). Resultados: observou-se associação positiva entre a satisfação da necessidade de competência e o interesse pelas aulas (Razão de chance=4,10). Conclusão: as estratégias de ensino que valorizam o sentimento de competência dos alunos podem ser importantes para aprimorar a motivação destes para a prática de atividades físicas.
Investigação na formação de profissionais de Educação Física e Psicologia revela déficit no conhecimento sobre esteroides anabólico androgênicos
Authors: Bastos Felipe Brandão , Oliveira Luiz Henrique de Lisboa , Andrade André Gustavo Pereira , Wilson Vinicius Dias
Published: June 2019

Praticantes de exercícios físicos e atletas tem abusado de esteroides anabólico-androgênicos (EAA’s), sujeitando-se a um elevado risco de surgimento de reações adversas à saúde física e psíquica. Profissionais de saúde tem o dever de informar a população sobre os riscos da utilização de EAA’s. Este estudo investigou a formação de estudantes dos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física da cidade de Belo Horizonte sobre esse tema. O instrumento investigativo foi a análise de um questionário respondido por 414 voluntários. Os resultados revelaram que pouca atenção tem sido dada a esse assunto na formação destes estudantes, resultando em pouco entendimento desses. Concluiu-se que os estudantes de ambos os cursos não obtiveram conhecimento satisfatório acerca dos EAA’s e suas aplicações.
A descentralização em curso das políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer no estado do Piauí
Authors: Santos Edmilson Santos dos
Published: June 2019

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a descentralização bottom-up das políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer no estado do Piauí, no ciclo eleitoral 2013/2016. Três aspectos foram contemplados: a análise do financiamento, a análise da estrutura administrativa de implementação das políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer e, por último, a produção legislativa no âmbito das leis orgânicas. Os dados sobre a Função Desporto e Lazer (FDL) foram colhidos junto à Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, a estrutura administrativa e lei orgânica diretamente do site das prefeituras. A forte adesão dos municípios ao gasto na FDL não pode ser explicada pela estrutura administrativa e legislativa.
Municípios e propostas vulneráveis: uma análise do edital 2013 do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC)
Authors: Dos Santos Edmilson Santos , Starepravo Fernando Augusto , De Menezes Vilde Gomes , Melo Esdras Henrique Rangel de
Published: June 2019

As análises sobre a implementação do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade dispensam proponentes que não obtiveram sucesso na apresentação de suas propostas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi traçar um perfil das prefeituras que não alcançaram 50 pontos no Edital do PELC/2013. Através da estatística descritiva o estudo traçou comparativos entre essas prefeituras e quatro marcadores de vulnerabilidade: pertencer ao semiárido brasileiro, possuir baixo IDH, ser município com baixo perfil demográfico e ser dependente do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios. A falta de capacidade técnica é um dos marcos das desigualdades entre os municípios brasileiros e aumentam as chances de proponentes vulneráveis de não ultrapassarem a nota de corte estabelecida no estudo.

Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas. Esporte. Lazer.