bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pendekatan Multikultural pada Kurikulum Pendidikan Dasar Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SDN 102 Aneka Marga
Authors: M Novidayanti , Hasibuan Khoirun Nisa , I’zaati Lailatul
Published: April 2024

This research aims to explain the effectiveness of character education through a multicultural approach to civic education in elementary schools. Where character education does not have special subjects but character education is still organized by combining into all subjects in elementary school, one of which is the subject of civic education or commonly abbreviated as PPKN. Which is expected that the younger generation in the future will continue to behave in accordance with the philosophy of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, the next generation of young people are taught character starting from an early age, namely in education at the elementary school level. This research is carried out with a qualitative approach to case study methods. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation and inference. While the validity of data uses triangulation methods and time.
DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES MARINHOS: ESTRUTURA DE FILTRAGEM
Authors: Muniz Felipe , Klettenberg Heitor , Dressler Lucas Henrique Fragoso , Sumie Marianne Kawano , Tedeschi Victor Hugo Pancera
Published: April 2024

O artigo aborda a problemática dos microplásticos nos oceanos e propõe uma solução inovadora para filtrar esses resíduos. Os microplásticos, fragmentos menores que 5mm, estão amplamente distribuídos nos ambientes marinhos, causando danos à fauna e ameaçando a cadeia trófica. O Bio Trash Whale é apresentado como um submarino não tripulado capaz de filtrar microplásticos, utilizando peneiras e espumas de aço. O objetivo geral do artigo é desenvolver um projeto de filtragem acoplável a navios e rebocadores para reduzir os níveis de microplásticos nos oceanos. A justificativa destaca a urgência do problema, enfatizando a ameaça aos ecossistemas marinhos e à saúde humana, já que os microplásticos podem ser ingeridos através da cadeia alimentar. O artigo menciona a falta de soluções técnicas e economicamente viáveis para a remoção dos microplásticos já presentes nos oceanos. A metodologia descreve o desenvolvimento do filtro baseado no modelo do Bio Trash Whale, adaptando-o para ser acoplado aos cascos de navios cargueiros e rebocadores. O material escolhido para resistir às condições marítimas é o aço AISI 316, devido à sua resistência à corrosão. O filtro é composto por peneiras e espumas de aço em seções, proporcionando fácil acesso e manutenção. O artigo explora as consequências da distribuição de microplásticos no ecossistema marinho, destacando os impactos em diferentes organismos, desde fitoplâncton até seres humanos. São citados casos de obstrução do trato digestório, desequilíbrio hormonal e impactos na reprodução. A inclusão de cálculos de mecânica dos fluidos visa analisar o impacto do filtro no desempenho de grandes cargueiros. Os resultados indicam que a adição do filtro exige apenas 1% a mais de potência para vencer o arrasto.
ESTRATÉGIAS BIOCLIMÁTICAS PARA RESIDÊNCIAS DE PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Moreira Ricardo Alexandre Mageski , Tedeschi Victor Hugo Pancera
Published: April 2024

O artigo aborda a importância da sustentabilidade na arquitetura, especialmente no contexto do bioclimatismo, que considera fatores climáticos locais para otimizar construções. A arquitetura bioclimática visa reduzir impactos ambientais, melhorar a qualidade de vida e economizar energia, adaptando-se ao clima local. O estudo destaca estratégias bioclimáticas, como aquecimento solar passivo, inércia térmica, resfriamento evaporativo e ventilação natural. O foco é desenvolver projetos alinhados à realidade local, promovendo eficiência energética, conforto ambiental e economia. Um estudo de caso apresenta uma residência sustentável, utilizando tijolos ecológicos e incorporando sistemas de água quente solar e reaproveitamento de água da chuva. Comparado a projetos tradicionais, o resultado demonstra uma redução de custos e uma economia significativa de energia, destacando a viabilidade e benefícios das abordagens bioclimáticas na arquitetura sustentável.
IMPLEMENTAÇÕES DE MELHORIAS EM UM PROCESSO DE MONTAGEM
Authors: Alves Douglas Galvão , Pereira Higor Henrique dos Santos , Moreira Maicon Sandriani , Marquioli Saulo Emanuel Antônio da Silva , Tedeschi Victor Hugo Pancera
Published: April 2024

O artigo explora a importância da sustentabilidade na arquitetura, especialmente no contexto bioclimático, que considera fatores climáticos locais para otimizar construções. A arquitetura bioclimática visa reduzir impactos ambientais, melhorar a qualidade de vida e economizar energia, adaptando-se ao clima local. O estudo enfatiza estratégias bioclimáticas, como aquecimento solar passivo, inércia térmica, resfriamento evaporativo e ventilação natural. O foco é desenvolver projetos alinhados à realidade local, promovendo eficiência energética, conforto ambiental e economia. Um estudo de caso apresenta uma residência sustentável, utilizando tijolos ecológicos e incorporando sistemas de água quente solar e reaproveitamento de água da chuva. Comparado a projetos tradicionais, os resultados demonstram redução de custos e economia significativa de energia, destacando a viabilidade e benefícios das abordagens bioclimáticas na arquitetura sustentável.
6. Prognosis Pangkalan Udara Halim Perdanakusuma Setelah Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Negara Disahkan dalam Perspektif Pertahanan Udara
Authors: Firmansyah Putra Saudi , Zuhdizul Muhammad , Hidayat Taufik
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan perkembangan pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia dari DKI Jakarta ke Penajam Paser Utara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Isu tersebut terus bergulir, yang berakhir dengan disahkannya Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 oleh DPR RI. Dengan berpindahnya ibu kota negara, Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma berubah statusnya di bidang pertahanan udara. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk menulis tentang Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma untuk menetapkan alternatif analisis berbasis data Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma dari perspektif Pertahanan Udara, terutama setelah Undang-Undang tersebut ditegakkan secara hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan prediktif. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dari hasil wawancara dengan berbagai informan terkait dan dokumen pendukung lainnya. Menurut Miles, Salda, dan Huberman (2014), penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yang dilakukan secara interaktif melalui reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketika IKN telah sepenuhnya ditransfer ke Kalimantan, Jakarta akan berubah menjadi ibu kota ganda. Sebagai ibu kota bisnis perekonomian nasional, dan di sisi lain, Jakarta masih merupakan bekas ibu kota dengan sisa institusi pemerintahan yang tidak serta merta dipindahkan. Dengan demikian, Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma tetap dapat dioperasikan sebagai Lanud Protokol untuk mendukung IKN.
3. KESIAPAN PERLAWANAN ELEKTRONIKA PERTAHANAN UDARA TNI AU ELECTRONIC RESISTANCE READINESS STUDY AIR DEFENSE
Authors: Tri Adi Nugroho Prasetiyo , Resnawaty Risna , Sutrasno
Published: April 2024

Pada jaman perang modern sekarang ini, kekuatan dan kedaulatan negara bukanhanya diukur oleh penguasaan terhadap kekuatan militer dan tingginya perekonomian. Akantetapi juga tergantung pada aspek penguasaan dan pengelolaan dari pemberdayaan teknologiinformasi dan komunikasi serta electronic warfare. Elektronic Warfare berdasarkan terdiri dari3 bagian yaitu electronic attact/EA (operasi serangan elektronika), electronic protect/ep (operasiperlindungan elektronika), elektronic warfare support/es (operasi dukungan elektronika).Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini tentang studi kesiapan perlawanan elektronika pertahananudara TNI AU belum maksimal dan optimal dalam mendukung operasi pernika TNI AU. Tujuandilaksanakan penelitian yaitu adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kesiapan perlawananelektronika TNI AU. Dalam penulisan penelitian menggunakan metoda yang digunakan yaitumetoda kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisa permasalahan yang terjadi di Komando OperasiUdara Nasional (Koopsudnas), Pusdiklat Hanudnas dan Satuan Radar 222. Peneliti melaksanakanpenelitian mengenai indikator-indikator dan aspek-aspek yang sesuai dengan rumusan masalahdiambil kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan kesiapan perlawanan elektronika pertahanan udara TNI AUsaat ini belum optimal seperti yang diinginkan karena keterbatasan personel dan peralatan yangdimiliki Pernika, Minimnya pendidikan, penugasan dan pelatihan bidang Pernika menyebabkan kemampuan dan keahlian personel sangat kurang dan berdampak pada pembinaan kemampuannya di bidang Pernika, pengembangan dan pengadaan peralatan pernika terbatas dari satuan atas dan diharapkan peralatan pernika yang sudah lama mengalami pergantian sesuaidengan perkembangan teknologi.
4. GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK (GEM) TELEPON SELULER DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN
Authors: Rasiman Yoseph
Published: April 2024

Gelombang electromagnet adalah gelombang yang terbentuk oleh komponengelombang elektrik, dan gelombang magnet. Sumbernya bisa berasal dari alam dengan berbagaifenomenanya, maupun peralatan system (elektronika) hasil rekayasa manusia. Gelombangelektromagnetik dapat merambat dari sumber energi gelombang elektromagnetik secaraomnidirectional, maupun directional, dengan arah perambatan yang lurus, belok, ataupunbias, tergantung jenis perangkat dan media yang digunakan. Tingkat radiasi gelombangelektromagnetik dari berbagai sumber berubah secara signifikan sejalan dengan perkembanganteknologi dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Praduga ini dibenarkan oleh para ahli/peneliti di laboratorium khususnya di bidang telekomunikasi, maupun di bidang kesehatan.Namun tidak sedikit pula bantahan-bantahan dari beberapa pihak yang menyangkal.
9. TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI SELULER BERBASIS GENERASI (G)
Authors: Rasiman Yoseph , Ketty  , Novie
Published: April 2024

Penggunaan istilah 'teknologi' (bahasa Inggris: technology) telah berubah secarasignifikan lebih dari 200 tahun terakhir. Sebelum abad ke-20, istilah ini merujuk pada pengkajian ilmuterapan. Kemudian pengertian technology berubah pada permulaan abad ke-20 ketika para ilmuwanAmerika, yang dimulai oleh Thorstein Veblen, menerjemahkan gagasan-gagasan dari konsepJerman, Technik, menjadi technology. Teknologi tidak harus berwujud benda, seperti Alat, danmesin, tetapi juga dapat berupa teknologi virtual, seperti perangkat lunak. Dalam konteks ini,teknologi merupakan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana cara memadukan sumber-sumber, gunamenyelesaikan masalah, memenuhi kebutuhan, atau memuaskan keinginan. "Teknologi stateof-the-art" (teknologi termutakhir, sekaligus tercanggih) merujuk pada teknologi tinggi yangtersedia bagi kemanusiaan di ranah manapun. Selain itu, teknologi juga merupakan terapanmatematika (applied mathematics), sains, dan berbagai seni untuk faedah kehidupan. Sebuahcontoh adalah bangkitnya teknologi komunikasi, yang memperkecil hambatan interaksi sesamamanusia, yang berbasis pada perkembangan Internet dan komputer.
Improving insulation properties of epoxy filled with surface fluorinated polystyrene nanospheres
Authors: Yin Kai , Guo Qi-Yang , Zhang Tian-Yin , Li Jing , Chen Xiang-Rong ,   School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China,   College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Published: April 2024

Epoxy resin nanocomposites are widely used in the field of electrical insulation packaging. It is of great significance to regulate the dielectric and insulation properties of composite materials by introducing nano-filler to meet special application requirements. This work proposes a chemical copolymerization method, fluorinated polystyrene nanospheres are synthesized through an addition reaction as filler, and finally the epoxy nanocomposites are prepared. The polystyrene nanospheres have a uniform size and good compatibility with the epoxy resin. The introducing of nanospheres reduces the dielectric constant of the epoxy resin composite material and increases the breakdown strength simultaneously. Although the dielectric loss increases, the composites’ imaginary part remains below 0.04 within 1 MHz frequency. In particular, the fluorinated polystyrene/epoxy composite with a mass fraction of 2% exhibits a decrease in dielectric constant and DC conductivity, while the AC breakdown strength and DC breakdown strength increase by 12.6% and 6%, respectively.

The results of the pulse electro-acoustic method indicate that the charge injection of the epoxy resin filled with non-fluorinated polystyrene nanospheres is evident, while the introduction of fluorinated nanospheres significantly reduces the charge injection level. Calculations based on the depolarization process reveal that the introduction of fillers leads to an increase in trap density and depth of energy levels in the composites. Notably, the epoxy resin filled with fluorinated fillers has the deepest trap levels, providing an explanation for the improved insulation breakdown performance. The research can provide guidance for regulating dielectric properties of epoxy composites and material synthesis for the application of electrical insulation packaging .
N-cadherin directs the collective Schwann cell migration required for nerve regeneration through Slit2/3-mediated contact inhibition of locomotion
Authors: Hoving Julian JA , Harford-Wright Elizabeth , Wingfield-Digby Patrick , Cattin Anne-Laure , Campana Mariana , Power Alex , Morgan Toby , Torchiaro Erica , Quereda Victor , Lloyd Alison C
Published: April 2024

Collective cell migration is fundamental for the development of organisms and in the adult for tissue regeneration and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Migration as a coherent group requires the maintenance of cell–cell interactions, while contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a local repulsive force, can propel the group forward. Here we show that the cell–cell interaction molecule, N-cadherin, regulates both adhesion and repulsion processes during Schwann cell (SC) collective migration, which is required for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, distinct from its role in cell–cell adhesion, the repulsion process is independent of N-cadherin trans-homodimerisation and the associated adherens junction complex. Rather, the extracellular domain of N-cadherin is required to present the repulsive Slit2/Slit3 signal at the cell surface. Inhibiting Slit2/Slit3 signalling inhibits CIL and subsequently collective SC migration, resulting in adherent, nonmigratory cell clusters. Moreover, analysis of ex vivo explants from mice following sciatic nerve injury showed that inhibition of Slit2 decreased SC collective migration and increased clustering of SCs within the nerve bridge. These findings provide insight into how opposing signals can mediate collective cell migration and how CIL pathways are promising targets for inhibiting pathological cell migration.
Dysfunctional hippocampal-prefrontal network underlies a multidimensional neuropsychiatric phenotype following early-life seizure
Authors: Ruggiero Rafael Naime , Marques Danilo Benette , Rossignoli Matheus Teixeira , De Ross Jana Batista , Prizon Tamiris , Beraldo Ikaro Jesus Silva , Bueno-Junior Lezio Soares , Kandratavicius Ludmyla , Peixoto-Santos Jose Eduardo , Lopes-Aguiar Cleiton , Leite Joao Pereira
Published: April 2024

Brain disturbances during development can have a lasting impact on neural function and behavior. Seizures during this critical period are linked to significant long-term consequences such as neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive impairments, and psychiatric symptoms, resulting in a complex spectrum of multimorbidity. The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) circuit emerges as a potential common link between such disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying these outcomes and how they relate to specific behavioral alterations are unclear. We hypothesized that specific dysfunctions of hippocampal-cortical communication due to early-life seizure would be associated with distinct behavioral alterations observed in adulthood. Here, we performed a multilevel study to investigate behavioral, electrophysiological, histopathological, and neurochemical long-term consequences of early-life Status epilepticus in male rats. We show that adult animals submitted to early-life seizure (ELS) present working memory impairments and sensorimotor disturbances, such as hyperlocomotion, poor sensorimotor gating, and sensitivity to psychostimulants despite not exhibiting neuronal loss. Surprisingly, cognitive deficits were linked to an aberrant increase in the HPC-PFC long-term potentiation (LTP) in a U-shaped manner, while sensorimotor alterations were associated with heightened neuroinflammation, as verified by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and altered dopamine neurotransmission. Furthermore, ELS rats displayed impaired HPC-PFC theta-gamma coordination and an abnormal brain state during active behavior resembling rapid eye movement (REM) sleep oscillatory dynamics. Our results point to impaired HPC-PFC functional connectivity as a possible pathophysiological mechanism by which ELS can cause cognitive deficits and psychiatric-like manifestations even without neuronal loss, bearing translational implications for understanding the spectrum of multidimensional developmental disorders linked to early-life seizures.
Neuro-evolutionary evidence for a universal fractal primate brain shape
Authors: Wang Yujiang , Leiberg Karoline , Kindred Nathan , Madan Christopher R. , Poirier Colline , Petkov Christopher I. , Taylor Peter N. , Mota Bruno
Published: April 2024

The cerebral cortex displays a bewildering diversity of shapes and sizes across and within species. Despite this diversity, we present a universal multi-scale description of primate cortices. We show that all cortical shapes can be described as a set of nested folds of different sizes. As neighbouring folds are gradually merged, the cortices of 11 primate species follow a common scale-free morphometric trajectory, that also overlaps with over 70 other mammalian species. Our results indicate that all cerebral cortices are approximations of the
same
archetypal fractal shape with a fractal dimension of

d
f

= 2.5. Importantly, this new understanding enables a more precise quantification of brain morphology as a function of scale. To demonstrate the importance of this new understanding, we show a scale-dependent effect of ageing on brain morphology. We observe a more than four-fold increase in effect size (from 2 standard deviations to 8 standard deviations) at a spatial scale of approximately 2 mm compared to standard morphological analyses. Our new understanding may therefore generate superior biomarkers for a range of conditions in the future.
A multi-hierarchical approach reveals D-serine as a hidden substrate of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters
Authors: Wiriyasermkul Pattama , Moriyama Satomi , Suzuki Masataka , Kongpracha Pornparn , Nakamae Nodoka , Takeshita Saki , Tanaka Yoko , Matsuda Akina , Miyasaka Masaki , Hamase Kenji , Kimura Tomonori , Mita Masashi , Sasabe Jumpei , Nagamori Shushi
Published: April 2024

Transporter research primarily relies on the canonical substrates of well-established transporters. This approach has limitations when studying transporters for the low-abundant micromolecules, such as micronutrients, and may not reveal physiological functions of the transporters. While D-serine, a trace enantiomer of serine in the circulation, was discovered as an emerging biomarker of kidney function, its transport mechanisms in the periphery remain unknown. Here, using a multi-hierarchical approach from body fluids to molecules, combining multi-omics, cell-free synthetic biochemistry, and
ex vivo
transport analyses, we have identified two types of renal D-serine transport systems. We revealed that the small amino acid transporter ASCT2 serves as a D-serine transporter previously uncharacterized in the kidney and discovered D-serine as a noncanonical substrate of the sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs). These two systems are physiologically complementary, but ASCT2 dominates the role in the pathological condition. Our findings not only shed light on renal D-serine transport, but also clarify the importance of non-canonical substrate transport. This study provides a framework for investigating multiple transport systems of various trace micromolecules under physiological conditions and in multifactorial diseases.
Structure-guided mutagenesis of OSCAs reveals differential activation to mechanical stimuli
Authors: Jojoa-Cruz Sebastian , Dubin Adrienne E , Lee Wen-Hsin , Ward Andrew B
Published: April 2024

The dimeric two-pore OSCA/TMEM63 family has recently been identified as mechanically activated ion channels. Previously, based on the unique features of the structure of OSCA1.2, we postulated the potential involvement of several structural elements in sensing membrane tension (Jojoa-Cruz et al., 2018). Interestingly, while OSCA1, 2, and 3 clades are activated by membrane stretch in cell-attached patches (i.e. they are stretch-activated channels), they differ in their ability to transduce membrane deformation induced by a blunt probe (poking). Here, in an effort to understand the domains contributing to mechanical signal transduction, we used cryo-electron microscopy to solve the structure of Arabidopsis thaliana (At) OSCA3.1, which, unlike AtOSCA1.2, only produced stretch- but not poke-activated currents in our initial characterization (Murthy et al., 2018). Mutagenesis and electrophysiological assessment of conserved and divergent putative mechanosensitive features of OSCA1.2 reveal a selective disruption of the macroscopic currents elicited by poking without considerable effects on stretch-activated currents (SAC). Our results support the involvement of the amphipathic helix and lipid-interacting residues in the membrane fenestration in the response to poking. Our findings position these two structural elements as potential sources of functional diversity within the family.
IGF-1 rs6218 polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to age-related cataract
Authors: Zou Xi , Zhang Jun , Wang Yong , Zhou Dong , Deng Guohua , Liu Zhinan
Published: April 2024

Background

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as the most abundant form of DNA variation in the human genome, contribute to age-related cataracts (ARC) development. Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is closely related to ARC formation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) contributes to cell apoptosis regulation. Moreover, IGF1 was indicated to exhibit a close association with cataract formation. Afterward, an investigation was conducted to examine the correlation between polymorphisms in IGF1 and the susceptibility to ARC.

Methods

The present investigation was a case-control study. Venous blood draws were collected from the participants for DNA genotyping. Lens capsule samples were collected to detect mRNA and apoptosis. TaqMan RT-PCR was used to detect IGF1 polymorphism genotypes and qRT PCR was used to detect IGF1 mRNA levels in LECs. LEC apoptosis was evaluated through flow cytometry. The chi-square test was used to compare differences between ARCs and controls of each SNP.

Results

We found that the G allele frequency in the IGF1-rs6218 was higher in the ARCs than in the controls. Furthermore, it was observed that the rs6218 GG genotype exhibited a positive correlation to elevated levels of IGF1 mRNA in LECs. The IGF1 mRNA in the LECs and the apoptosis of LECs in nuclear type of ARCs (ARNC) was higher than the controls.

Conclusion

The susceptibility to ARC was related to IGF1-rs6218 polymorphism, and this polymorphism is associated with IGF1 expression at the mRNA level. Moreover, apoptosis in LECs of ARNCs was found to be increased.
¿Debemos seguir considerando el monto isquémico en los síndromes coronarios crónicos?
Authors: Gobbo Magalí , Meretta Alejandro , Carvelli María Victoria , Masoli Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

El surgimiento de nueva evidencia científica en los últimos años en relación con los síndromes coronarios crónicos (SCC) lleva a reconsiderar las recomendaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas que históricamente guiaron nuestra práctica médica. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que gran parte de la información difundida carece de un análisis crítico riguroso, lo que nos expone al riesgo de incorporar nuevos algoritmos en la práctica clínica que podrían no ser completamente aplicables a nuestra población. En esta revisión se analiza la literatura científica disponible relacionada a los SCC, para tratar de establecer si realmente el monto isquémico carece de significado clínico y pronóstico tal como se afirma en algunas publicaciones.
Field Triage Tools in Mass Casualty Incidents: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aldossari Fahad Mohamed , Bensaad Hussain Saleh Al
Published: April 2024

Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) pose significant challenges to healthcare systems, requiring rapid and effective triage strategies to optimize patient outcomes and resource utilization. This narrative review explores the evolution, effectiveness, ethical considerations, global perspectives, and future directions of field triage tools in MCIs. Beginning with the historical perspective, milestones in triage development, such as the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) protocol and its adaptations like Jump START and Sort, Assess, Lifesaving Interventions, Treat/Transport (SALT), are discussed. Current field triage systems are evaluated, including their application, limitations, and impact on patient outcomes. Training and education programs, challenges in triage education, and ethical/legal considerations in resource allocation and informed consent are examined. Global variations in triage systems, cultural factors, collaboration efforts, and standardization initiatives are explored to understand regional differences and promote interoperability. Future directions emphasize enhancing triage accuracy, integrating triage with healthcare systems, and research priorities. The review concludes with implications for practice and policy, calling for continued research, collaboration, and innovation to advance field triage capabilities and improve emergency response worldwide.
Harnessing the Beneficial Fungus Piriformospora indica for Climate Resilient Crop Production: A Review
Authors: S. Adarsh , M Ameena , Mani Koya Madhuri , Kalyani M.S.R. , V.S Sethulekshmi , Shanavas Shifina
Published: April 2024

Piriformospora indica, classified as an Agaricomycetes fungus, has garnered significant interest due to its remarkable capacity to enhance plant growth, fortification, and resilience to stress factors. Its ability to inhabit various plant species stems from its direct influence on plant hormone signalling pathways. This colonisation stimulates increased root proliferation by generating indole-3-acetic acid, facilitating better nutrient absorption and ultimately leading to heightened crop yields. Furthermore, P. indica initiates resistance against fungal and viral threats while reinforcing the plant antioxidant defences, fortifying its resilience to stressors. It aids in successfully acclimating micro-propagated plants upon transplantation. It can establish complex symbiotic relationships, including tripartite symbiosis, which enhances the population dynamics of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Overall, P. indica is a multifaceted facilitator of plant growth, a source of biofertilisation, a barrier against pests and diseases, a regulator of biological functions, and a promoter of overall plant development. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the mutualistic interaction between P.indica and crop plants can provide valuable insights for enhancing crop protection and productivity, thereby contributing to the sustainability of agricultural practices.
Analysis of Laminated Composite Based Deep-water Pressure Tank
Authors: Miao Jiafeng
Published: April 2024

Large submersible deep-water vehicles have become the key equipment for global exploration of the ocean. As one of the core components of underwater equipment, underwater pressure tanks protect internal devices from huge water pressure on the one hand, and are also the main supplier of underwater buoyancy on the other hand. Compared with metal materials, the designability of composite materials can provide researchers with a variety of structural methods. In this paper, a new type of double-layer pressure tank is proposed, the influence of structural size on the critical load of the pressure tank is explored, and a grid structure is designed to optimize the stability of the large-size pressure tank. The feasibility is proved by finite element analysis experiments.
Numerical Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Wall Containing Phase Change Material (PCM) in a Hot and Dry Climate
Authors: Zoma Vincent , Kaboré Boureima , Ouedraogo Germain Wende Pouiré , Kam Sié
Published: April 2024

Current buildings in Burkina Faso, particularly in the Sahelian zone, built with local materials are energy-intensive and sources of discomfort for the occupants. However, the role of housing is to provide man with shelter which protects him from external climatic conditions and offers him thermal comfort. 
In this work, we present a numerical study of the thermal behavior of a wall containing a phase change material (PCM) in the Sahelian zone. The MCP used in this study is RT27 paraffin with a melting temperature of 27°C and a latent heat of fusion of 179kJ/kg. The equations obtained were adimensionalized and discredited by the finite element method and solved using COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.3. To this end, we were interested on the one hand in the study of the evolution of the flow of heat and the temperature at the level of the external and internal walls of the wall. On the other hand, we studied the effect of the location of a layer of PCM mortar, simple plaster or cement plaster on the temperature of the internal wall of the wall. The results show the magnitude of heat flux and temperature is greatly reduced by the incorporation of PCM into the wall.
Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Ting Jonathan T. , Phillips Paul E. M.
Published: May 2008

The nervous system is composed of networks of cells that engage in coordinated circuits to permit neural function. Within these precise neural circuits, communication between individual cells is primarily chemical in nature. Neurotransmitter release via exocytosis of neurotransmitter‐filled synaptic vesicles is a fundamental step in this process. Here we overview the biochemical processes that regulate exocytotic neurotransmitter release by focusing on three key stages: 1) loading of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles, 2) synaptic vesicle docking and priming reactions, and 3) calcium triggering of the vesicle fusion reaction. We also introduce the controversial topic of fusion‐pore modulation as it pertains to the release of neurotransmitter. Lastly, we discuss current methods for detecting and quantifying neurotransmitter release.
Pharmaceuticals: Natural Products and Natural Product Models
Authors: Singh Sheo B.
Published: May 2008

Natural products have played a vital role in the treatment of human ailments for thousands of years and continue to play a big role in the modern discovery of new agents for the treatment of diseases today. In certain therapeutic areas, natural products account for almost all key modern medicine used today. Many drugs are formulated and used directly as they are found in nature, some are derived directly from natural products by semisynthesis, and others are modeled after natural products. In this overview, examples of the pharmaceutically important natural products have been summarized.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Enediynes to Benzopyranones
Authors: Chang Wei‐Ren , Lo Yu‐Hsiang , Lee Chia‐Ying , Wu Ming‐Jung
Published: May 2008

Treatment of methyl 2‐[6‐substituted‐3(Z)‐hexen‐1,5‐diynyl]benzoates (1) with five mol% of palladium chloride and three equivalents of cupric chloride in refluxing acetonitrile gave dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐ones (2) in modest to good yields.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Functionalized 1‐Aminopyrroles by Regioselective Zinc Chloride‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot ‘Conjugate Addition/Cyclization’ Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(silyl enol ethers) with 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐butadienes
Authors: Karapetyan Vahuni , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Schmidt Andreas , Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: May 2008

In a convenient one‐pot process, the easily accessible 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes and 1,3‐bis(silyl enol ethers) are converted into the previously unknown functionalized 1‐aminopyrroles and 1‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindoles. The domino reaction proceeds through a zinc chloride‐catalyzed ‘conjugate addition/cyclization’ sequence.
Proline‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Guanidine‐ Derived Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shah Jabbar , Blumenthal Haiko , Yacob Zekarias , Liebscher Jürgen
Published: May 2008

A remarkable improvement of both the chemical yield (from 6% to 82%) and the enantiomeric excess (up to >99%), of (S)‐proline catalyzed direct aldol reactions of a wide range of aldehydes with acetone was found when hexasubstituted or pentasubstituted guanidinium salts were added as ionic liquids. Effects of temperature, amount of proline and the type of guandidinium salts on the outcome of the reaction were investigated.
Synthesis of Difurylmethane Derivatives via the Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization/Dimerization of Epoxide Alkynes
Authors: Ji Ke‐Gong , Shen Yong‐Wen , Shu Xing‐Zhong , Xiao Hui‐Quan , Bian Yong‐Jiang , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: May 2008

A simple and convenient synthetic approach to difurylmethane derivatives has been developed via gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1‐oxiranyl‐2‐alkynyl esters and dimerization of the 2‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)furans. The reaction takes place in the presence of 2 mol% of tetrachloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4⋅4 H2O) under very mild conditions.
Manufactured populations: What do contemporary reference skeletal collections represent? A comparative study using the Maxwell Museum documented collection
Authors: Komar Debra A. , Grivas Christopher
Published: May 2008

The extent to which archaeological or cemetery skeletal collections accurately represent the population from which they were drawn cannot be known. The creation of documented or forensic skeletal collections, derived from donation or autopsy, was intended to overcome many of the problems inherent in archaeological populations, yet it is misleading to assume such collections represent a specific or defined population. This study compares the documented skeletal collection curated at the Maxwell Museum to annual demographic information from three relevant populations: (i) the living population of New Mexico (NM), (ii) the deceased of NM, and (iii) the subset of decedents who undergo a medicolegal death investigation or autopsy. Results indicate that the Maxwell Documented collection differs significantly from all three populations in every variable examined: age, sex, ethnicity/race, cause, and manner of death. Collection development that relies on body donation or retention of unclaimed bodies under coroner/medical examiner statutes results in a biased sample, with significant overrepresentation of males, Whites, the elderly, those who die unnatural deaths and individuals with antemortem traumatic injury or surgical intervention. Equally problematic is the perception that the collection has documented race or ethnicity, when in fact only 17% was self‐reported, while the affinity of the remaining individuals was determined by pathologists or other observers. Caution is warranted in how this and similar collections are used and interpreted by researchers. Although documented reference collections are useful in developing methods of estimating age or sex, they are not a proxy for modern or racially/ethnically defined populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of Sinusoidal Perfusion in Portal Hypertension
Authors: Reynaert Hendrik , Urbain Daniel , Geerts Albert
Published: May 2008

Portal hypertension, a major complication of cirrhosis, is caused by both increased portal blood flow and augmented intrahepatic vascular resistance. Even though the latter is primarily caused by anatomical changes, it has become clear that dynamic factors contribute to the increased hepatic vascular resistance. The hepatic sinusoid is the narrowest vascular structure within the liver and is the principal site of blood flow regulation. The anatomical location of hepatic stellate cells, which embrace the sinusoids, provides a favorable arrangement for sinusoidal constriction, and for control of sinusoidal vascular tone and blood flow. Hepatic stellate cells possess the essential contractile apparatus for cell contraction and relaxation. Moreover, the mechanisms of stellate cell contraction are better understood, and many substances which influence contractility have been identified, providing a rationale and opportunity for targeting these cells in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Anat Rec, 291:693–698, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internal Kinematics of the Tongue Following Volume Reduction
Authors: Shcherbatyy Volodymyr , Perkins Jonathan A. , Liu Zi‐Jun
Published: May 2008

This study was undertaken to determine the functional consequences following tongue volume reduction on tongue internal kinematics during mastication and neuromuscular stimulation in a pig model. Six ultrasonic‐crystals were implanted into the tongue body in a wedge‐shaped configuration which allows recording distance changes in the bilateral length (LENG) and posterior thickness (THICK), as well as anterior (AW), posterior dorsal (PDW), and ventral (PVW) widths in 12 Yucatan‐minipigs. Six animals received a uniform mid‐sagittal tongue volume reduction surgery (reduction), and the other six had identical incisions without tissue removal (sham). The initial‐distances among each crystal‐pairs were recorded before, and immediately after surgery to calculate the dimensional losses. Referring to the initial‐distance there were 3–66% and 1–4% tongue dimensional losses by the reduction and sham surgeries, respectively. The largest deformation in sham animals during mastication was in AW, significantly larger than LENG, PDW, PVW, and THICK (P < 0.01–0.001). In reduction animals, however, these deformational changes significantly diminished and enhanced in the anterior and posterior tongue, respectively (P < 0.05–0.001). In both groups, neuromuscular stimulation produced deformational ranges that were 2–4 times smaller than those occurred during chewing. Furthermore, reduction animals showed significantly decreased ranges of deformation in PVW, LENG, and THICK (P < 0.05–0.01). These results indicate that tongue volume reduction alters the tongue internal kinematics, and the dimensional losses in the anterior tongue caused by volume reduction can be compensated by increased deformations in the posterior tongue during mastication. This compensatory effect, however, diminishes during stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and individual tongue muscles. Anat Rec, 291:886‐893, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed information behavior: A study of dynamic practice in a safety critical environment
Authors: von Thaden Terry L.
Published: May 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop concepts from information science to understand information behavior between multiple actors in high reliability operations. Based on previous research and framework development in human information behavior, the Distributed Information Behavior System was designed to assess the social practice of information identification, gathering, and use. In this study, flight crews were used as the test bed. The goal of this research was to assess if different information behaviors are practiced by accident‐involved crews and crews not involved in an accident. The results indicate that differences indeed exist in the way crews identify, gather, and use information based on their performance level. This study discerns that high performing crews practice substantially different information behaviors than low performing and accident‐involved crews. This work serves as a way to understand the social practice of information structuring within high reliability operations. Subsequently, this may aid researchers to identify the role sequencing plays in critical information negotiation. This work also serves as a tool to inform training and is applicable to other domains where work is supported through distributed collective practice.
Accurate closed‐form approximation for pricing Asian and basket options
Authors: Zhou Jinke , Wang Xiaolu
Published: May 2008

By approximating the distribution of the sum of correlated lognormals with some log‐extended‐skew‐normal distribution, we present closed‐form approximation formulae for pricing both Asian and basket options. Numerical comparison shows that our formulae provide both computational simplicity and accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Rifampicin by Peroxomonosulfate‐Cobalt(II) Chemiluminescence System
Authors: MA Yong , ZHANG Bo‐Tao , ZHAO Li‐Xia , GUO Guang‐Sheng , LIN Jin‐Ming
Published: May 2008

Rifampicin can enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of peroxomonosulfate‐cobalt(II) system, and the CL intensity is strongly dependent on the rifampicin concentrations. Based on this phenomenon, a rapid and sensitive flow injection CL method was developed for the determination of rifampicin. The relative CL intensity was linear with the rifampicin concentration over the range of 5×10−8 to 1×10−6 g·mL−1 (r=0.9991), the detection limit was 7×10−9 g·mL−1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation was 2.7% for 6×10−7 g·mL−1 rifampicin (n=11). Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to the determination of rifampicin in real eye drop and capsules sample.
Phase II trial of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Gilbert Jill , Cmelak Anthony , Shyr Yu , Netterville James , Burkey Brian B. , Sinard Robert J. , Yarbrough Wendall G. , Chung Christine H. , Aulino Joseph M. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: May 2008

BACKGROUND.

Patients with recurrent or metastatic HNC have a poor response and survival with currently available chemotherapy agents. Thus, new agents are needed. The authors report the results of a phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with metastatic or recurrent HNC.

METHODS.

Patients were treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 were administered intravenously weekly for four weeks, followed by a two week rest. However, after 17 patients were treated with weekly irinotecan at a dose of 65 mg/m2, toxicity analysis demonstrated the poor tolerance of that dose in this patient population. Thus, the protocol was amended, and irinotecan was dose reduced to a starting dose of 50 mg/m2. Twenty‐three additional patients were treated with this dose.

RESULTS.

Forty patients were enrolled on study between February 2002 and April 2006, 17 patients at the first dose level and 23 patients at the amended dose level. Overall, 12 of 17 patients (71%) treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m2 experienced clinically significant grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Twelve patients required dose reductions. Toxicity was reduced but 17% of patients still experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity on the lower irinotecan dose. The response rate was 35% for patients treated at irinotecan 65 mg/m2 and 22% for patients treated at 50 mg/m2. No complete responses were noted.

CONCLUSIONS.

The combination of irinotecan and cisplatin is efficacious in a poor prognosis group of patients but toxicity is substantial. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Photodissociation of 1,2‐Dibromoethylene at 248 nm: Br2 Molecular Elimination Probed by Cavity Ring‐Down Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Pin , Lee Ping‐Chen , Lin King‐Chuen , Huang C. H. , Sun B. J. , Chang A. H. H.
Published: May 2008

The Br2 elimination channel is probed for 1,2‐C2H2Br2 in the B${{}^3{\rm{\Pi }}_{ou}^ + }$–X${{}^1{\rm{\Sigma }}_g^ + }$ transition upon irradiation at 248 nm by using cavity ring‐down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS). The nascent vibrational population ratio of Br2(v=1)/Br2(v=0) is obtained to be 0.7±0.2, thus indicating that the Br2 fragment is produced in hot vibrational states. The obtained Br2 products are anticipated to result primarily from photodissociation of the ground‐state cis isomer via four‐center elimination or from cis/trans isomers via three‐center elimination, each mechanism involving a transition state that has a BrBr distance much larger than that of ground‐state Br2. According to ab initio potential energy calculations, the pathways that lead to Br2 elimination may proceed either through the electronic ground state by internal conversion or through the triplet state by intersystem crossing. Temperature‐dependence measurements are examined, thereby supporting the pathway that involves internal conversion—which was excluded previously by using product translational spectroscopy (PTS). The quantum yield for the Br2 elimination reaction is determined to be 0.12±0.1, being substantially contributed by the ground‐state Br2 product. The discrepancy of this value from that (of 0.2) obtained by PTS may rise from the lack of measurements in probing the triplet‐state Br2 product.
Muon Motion Induced by a Superintense Laser in Muon‐Catalyzed Fusion
Authors: Wu T. C. , Shi C. H. , An W. K. , Zhang X. , Qiu X. J.
Published: May 2008

Considering the mixture after muon‐catalyzed fusion (μ CF) reaction as overdense plasma, we study muon motion in the plasma produced by a superintense linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse. Muon drift along the propagation of laser radiation remains after the end of the laser pulse. At the peak laser intensity of 1021W/cm2, muon goes from the skin layer into field‐free matter at short time which is much less than the pulse duration, before the laser pulse reaches its maximum. Besides, the influence of the laser on other particles in the plasma is less. Hence, this work can avoid muon sticking to alpha (α) effectively and reduce muon‐loss probability in μ CF. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
“Who identifies with which group?” The motive‐feature match principle and its limitations
Authors: Riketta Michael
Published: May 2008

The functional approach to identification suggests that people with a particular motive tend to identify with groups that fulfill this motive. Thus, identification should be strongest when individual motives and group features match. The present paper explores the predictive power of this motive‐feature match principle. Participants judged themselves on five motives (self‐esteem, distinctiveness, belongingness, uncertainty reduction, and power), rated several groups on features relevant to fulfillment of these motives (e.g., the group's power as to the power motive), and indicated their identification with each group. Although the most predicted Motive x Feature interactions on identification emerged, the overall fit between data and predictions was moderate. The reductionist nature of the motive‐feature match principle is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.