bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nanosize Particles on the Intermetallic Compound Formations of Cold Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Lee H. , Choi J.O. , Ko K.H.
Published: September 2022

Comparative studies on the intermetallic compound (IMC) formations of nano- and micro-size Sn with Ni and Cu in cold gas dynamic sprayed (CGDS, or Cold Spray) coatings were carried out. High purity pure nano (average 150 nm) and micro (under 45 μm) Sn were selected and prepared as raw materials mixture in order to be sprayed onto Ni and Cu plate-shape substrates. Nano particles of Sn were successfully coated under conventional coating parameters when they are mixed with microsize materials. And thermodynamic predictions regards to compound formation similarly worked out for both nano and micro Sn mixture. However, the kinetics of formation reaction were turned out to be different. In all case, nano particle showed more sluggish behavior. After post-annealing, microsize Sn formed larger amount of IMC with Ni than nanosize Sn although, owing to larger interfacial area, more intensive reactivities were expected. Also, there were significant differences in the size and distribution of eutectic pores as well.
Characterisation of Corrosion Resistant Deposits by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray
Authors: Marrocco T. , Harvey D. , Hussain T.
Published: September 2022

Despite much research effort and many application development studies, corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) coatings, prepared by thermal spraying still provide greatly inferior corrosion resistance when compared to parent material of the same composition, due to a network of oxides and pores in the coatings. However, the recent development of Cold Gas Dynamic Spray (CGDS) technology has made possible the deposition of low porosity and oxide-free CRA coatings. This paper describes the corrosion performance of Ni-based Alloy 625 following cold spraying onto steel substrates both as-sprayed and following heat treatment. Microstructures and oxygen content of powders and coatings were investigated, and coating microhardness and strength were determined in both as-sprayed and post treated conditions. Mercury intrusion was used to measure the interconnected porosity in the as-deposited and post-treated coatings. Finally, the corrosion behaviour of the sprayed and post-treated coatings was measured using a standard test (ASTM B117-07a).
Improving Powder Injection in Plasma Spraying by Optical Diagnostics of the Plasma and Particle Characterization
Authors: Mauer G. , Vaßen R. , Stöver D. , Kirner S. , Marqués J.-L. , Zimmermann S. , Forster G. , Schein J.
Published: September 2022

Powder injection parameters like gas flow, injection angle and injector position strongly influence the particle beam and thus coating properties. The interaction of the injection conditions on particle properties based on DPV-2000 measurements using the single-cathode F4 torch is presented. Furthermore, the investigation of the plasma plume by emission computer tomography is described when operating the three-cathode TriplexPro torch. By this imaging technology, the three-dimensional shape of the radiating plasma jet is reproduced based on images achieved from three CCD cameras rotating around the plume axis It is shown how the formation of the plasma jet changes with plasma parameters and how this knowledge can be used to optimize particle injection.
Microstructural Modelling and Performance Simulation of Engineered Bio-Composites
Authors: Tietz U. , Berndt C.C. , Schmitz K.-P.
Published: September 2022

A primary goal in modern orthopaedics is increasing the rate and long-lasting anchoring of implants in the human body. Hydroxyapatite, having a chemical structure and chemistry that is identical to bone, significantly enhances the on growth and subsequent ingrowth of natural bone material. Nevertheless some aspects of the performance of hydroxyapatite coatings have not been investigated sufficiently; for example the in vivo, long-term behaviour of the material, including the time-dependent dissolution accompanied by changes of mechanical properties have been poorly documented. The current study creates an idealized, virtual microstructural coating model that examines the time-dependent behaviour and properties of hydroxyapatite coatings. The analyses examine time vs. dissolution dependencies that reflect in vivo behaviour.
Effect of Ambient Pressure and Substrate Temperature on Heat Transfer at Interface Between Molten Droplet and Substrate Surface
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Tanaka K. , Yang K. , Usami T. , Yasui T. , Yamada M.
Published: September 2022

Effect of substrate temperature and ambient pressure of deposition chamber on contact condition between free falling droplet and substrate surface were investigated. Cu droplet and SUS304 substrate were used for the experiment. To estimate the contact condition, temperature history of molten droplet was measured at splat-substrate interface by thermocouples embedded in the substrate and high frequency data logging system. Quantitative porosity on splat bottom surface and degree of circularity of splat shape was evaluated. Splat adhesion strength experiment was conducted and dynamic wetting behavior of substrate by molten droplet was captured by ultra-high speed video. Heating substrate and vacuuming chamber pressure enhanced the heat transfer from splat to substrate, which can be attributed to the good contact at splat bottom surface. Adhesion strength of the splat to the substrate corresponded well with degree of circularity. Consequently, substrate temperature and ambient pressure of deposition chamber have an equivalent effect to contact condition at interface between droplet and substrate surface.
Homogenization of Coating Properties in Atmospheric Plasma Spraying – Current Results of a DFG (German Research Foundation)-Funded Research Group
Authors: Bobzin K. , Bagcivan N. , Petković I. , Schein J. , Landes K. , Forster G. , Hartz-Behrend K. , Kirner S. , Marqués J.-L. , Zimmermann S. , Bach Fr.-W. , Möhwald K. , Prehm J. , Xin L.
Published: September 2022

In the area of atmospheric plasma spraying, newly-developed triple-cathode technologies offer the potential to homogenize the coating properties with respect to porosity and residual stresses. Focused on numerical simulation, combined with advanced diagnostics, the goal of this research group is to adjust these properties systematically. A numerical model that couples fluid dynamic, electro-magnetic and thermal phenomena for a three-cathode torch was developed to investigate the plasma and the electric arc behaviour inside the torch. With help of self-developed computer tomography equipment, which is based on emission spectroscopy, combined with the solution of the Saha equation in thermodynamical equilibrium, it is now possible to reconstruct the 3- dimensional temperature distribution close to the torch outlet. This measurement allows us to confirm the torch numerical modelling. Coating formation is simulated by coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and FEM simulation, so that fluid structure interaction is taken into account. This innovative approach has the advantage to predict residual stresses which occur during cooling and moreover the shrinking effects can be considered. By simulation of the individual regions, in combination with experimental results, which also include the particle velocity, diameter and surface temperature, the corresponding process parameters can be obtained for the desired coating properties.
Arc Spraying of WC-FeCSiMn Cored Wires – Part 1: Bending, Compression and Tension Behavior
Authors: Nebel J. , Vogli E. , Tillmann W.
Published: September 2022

This is the first of two papers concerning the intrinsic mechanical properties of arc-sprayed WC-FeCSiMn coatings. In part 1 the elastic and plastic forming behavior of the layers are investigated by indentation, bending and tensile tests. They were performed on coated mild steel substrates as well as freestanding as-sprayed samples with different geometries. Considering the coatings microstructure, element and pore distribution, as well as the local microhardness the results of the indentation, bending, and tensile tests were evaluated. The critical role of pores and inhomogeneities within the sprayed coating was examined in detail. Micro- and macrocracking were investigated by SEM after the indentation and tensile tests. In-situ surface observation by optical 3D-microscopy was used to study the onset of cracking during the 3-point bending test.
A Comparative Study of the Splat Morphology and the Splat-Substrate Interaction for NiCr Sprayed Onto Stainless Steel by Both Plasma and HVOF Spraying
Authors: Brossard S. , Munroe P. R.
Published: September 2022

The various thermal spraying methods available include the plasma process, which uses a plasma flame to melt a fine powder before it is sprayed onto a substrate, and the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spray process, in which the flame is made from the combustion of oxygen. These methods differ both in the temperature and velocity with which the molten particles impact the substrate, leading to different coating characteristics. This includes differences in splat morphology and the nature of microstructural interactions at the splat-substrate interface. That is, features such as local melting of the substrate, the existence of porosity and the presence of oxides. For this study a nickel-chromium powder was sprayed onto mirror-polished stainless steel substrates using both plasma spray and HVOF to form single splats. These splats, and their interface with the substrate, were characterized using a range of microstructural characterization techniques and the observed differences were correlated to the spray conditions used.
Functionally Graded Coatings Produced by Means of Twin Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Abdulgader M.
Published: September 2022

Functionally graded coatings (FGC), in which the composition and properties vary gradually from the bond layer to the top layer, are introduced in this study. Using a mixing nozzle, a graded coating was generated employing twin wire spraying (TWAS) process. The deposition started with a base layer of massive metallic wires for better adhesion to the substrate. At following top layers hard material, in form of powders, was injected to the massive wires to enhance the wear protection. The results show that microstructure, porosity, and compositions are gradually varied in the coatings. This is a clear indication for the better performance in as-sprayed FGC than coatings sprayed by means of cored wires. The approach was to grade the coating composition from pure metallic to composite with higher content of hard material particles. The goal of the study is to articulate the needed coating performances by customizing the layers deposited regarding to their position.
Effects of Fluid/Solid Couplings on the Plasma Flow Inside a Direct Current Plasma Gun
Authors: Bolot R. , Coddet C. , Allimant A. , Billières D.
Published: September 2022

The present study is devoted to the modelling of the arc formation in a direct current plasma gun newly commercialized by Saint-Gobain Coating Solutions (Avignon, France). The CFD computations were performed using the FLUENT code and the electromagnetic coupling was taken into account on the basis of a three dimensional model. The main advances compared to previous works performed on the same subject are numerous. First of all, whereas most of earlier models include the arc region only, the CFD domain was here extended to the gas injection region (i.e. upstream part of the gun, including the gas injection sleeve), thus allowing a better description of the effect of the gas injection on the plasma flow. Second, whereas earlier works include the fluid domain only, the present model includes a fluid/solid coupling in the anode. In particular, the thermal and electromagnetic equations are solved not only in the fluid parts but also in the tungsten and copper parts of the anode. This change was found to be important because the internal surface of the anode is no more a boundary of the domain. Thus, its temperature (and electric potential) becomes variable and is thus not necessarily imposed. Finally, the implemented model provides interesting results describing the arc behaviour inside the plasma gun.
Effect of Using Liquid Feedstock in a High Pressure Cold Spray Nozzle
Authors: Farvardin E. , Stier O. , Luthen V. , Dolatabadi A.
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the effect of water injection in the high pressure chamber of a cold spray nozzle. A de Laval nozzle geometry with constant back pressure and temperature is modeled numerically using Reynolds Stress Model coupled equations. Water spray with a droplet size of 10 – 100 μm is modeled using both uniform and Rosin-Rammler size distributions. The two-phase flow of gas-liquid is modeled using an unsteady discrete phase mass source with two-way coupling with the main gas flow. Upon injection, the droplets in the water spray evaporate while travelling through the nozzle due to momentum and energy exchange with the gas flow. The evaporation behavior in presence of water content is modeled and a correlation between the initial diameter and the diameter just before the throat is obtained. As a result, the proper droplet size distribution with a fully evaporative spray can be used as a carrier of nano-particles in cold spray nozzles. Having the results, guide us to substitute the un-evaporated part of the droplet with an equal diameter agglomerate of nano particles and find a minimum fraction of nano particles suspended in the liquid which guarantees fully evaporative liquid spray injection.
Assessment of Flame-Sprayed Glaze Layers as Diffusion Barriers on Refractory Materials
Authors: Preziosa O. , Denoirjean A. , Montavon G. , Denoirjean P. , Fauchais P. , Chartier T. , Barthhelemy C. , Laurent V. , Lombard D.
Published: September 2022

Large (3 x 3 x 0.05 m3) refractory pieces (as the ones used for examples in smelters or incinerators) do not sustain regular glazing in a kiln, mostly due to high associated costs. Still, glass coatings could find use on such pieces due to their physical properties (durability, chemical inertia, tightness, etc.). Thermal spraying, using oxyacetylenic flame in particular, appears as a cost-effective solution permitting to circumvent the aforementioned disadvantages. This study aims at evaluating the quality of two types of coatings in terms of permeability. The first type considered coatings (resulting from a previous optimization of the spray operating parameters) sprayed directly on the substrates whereas the second one considered an additional brass underlayer manufactured by twin-wire electric arc spraying. The wettability of the glaze on the refractory substrate and on the brass underlayer was studied to comprehend the coating structural attributes (thickness, porosity, crazing, etc.) as well as their effects on the permeability. A specific measuring device was developed to assess permeability.
Corrosion Behavior of NiCrBSi Alloy Coatings Manufactured Via in Situ Plasma Spray – Laser Re-Melting Process
Authors: Serres N. , Hlawka F. , Costil S. , Langlade C. , Machi F.
Published: September 2022

Pressure to identify alternatives to hard chromium electroplating has increased these few last years, related to environmental requirements, because of the use of hexavalent chromium, a highly toxic substance. The plasma spray technique allows the formation of thick coatings which present moderate adhesion to the substrate and show porosity and formation of oxide interlayers, which impairs to obtain full benefits of the coatings properties. In this sense, a treatment can be necessary to improve the properties of these coatings. In this paper, the effect of an in situ laser melting treatment of NiCrBSi coatings, deposited by plasma spraying was investigated. It is demonstrated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that this process is clean. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of as-sprayed and in situ remelted layers was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The corrosion resistance was increased because of the finer structure and higher densities of the coatings, nevertheless, corrosion mechanisms occurring in all cases are different.
Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-20Cr Coating on ASTM-SA213-T22 Boiler Steel at 900 °C
Authors: Kaushal G. , Singh H. , Prakash S.
Published: September 2022

In this study, HVOF thermal spray technique was used to deposit Ni-20Cr coating on a commonly used boiler steel ASTM-SA213-T22.The specimens with and without coating were subjected to cyclic oxidation testing at an elevated temperature of 900°C to ascertain usefulness of the coating for 50 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 1 hour heating in a silicon carbide tube furnace followed by 20 min cooling in air. Mass change technique was used to approximate the kinetics of oxidation. The uncoated sample suffered intensive spallation along with a significant overall mass gain. The oxidation rate was found to reduce appreciably after the deposition of the coating by 91%. The exposed specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction [XRD] and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy [SEM/EDS]. It was observed that HVOF-sprayed Ni-20Cr coating was suitable to provide oxidation resistance to the given steel in the air environment.
Tribological Analysis of WC Cermet Coatings with Friction Test Under Tensile Stress Condition
Authors: Nomakuchi K. , Itoigawa F. , Kitamura J. , Sato K.
Published: September 2022

This paper describes tribological properties of WC cermet coating layers which are thermally sprayed with HVOF. On the assumption of the severe sliding condition in which large compress and tensile stress are applied to a surface layer simultaneously, relatively hard material is chosen as counter parts and additional tensile stress is applied. WC/12%Co, WC/10%Co/4%Cr and WC/20%CrC/7%Ni are employed as coating material. From the experimental results, it is found that the WC cermet spray coatings by the HVOF are inferior to sintered WC/Co with regard to fracture toughness near the surface and pseudo plastic deformation which are main wear behavior in severe sliding condition. It is also found that a heat treatment has certain effect to eliminate the wear caused by the surface fracture, while, for the pseudo plastic deformation, it does not exhibit much effect.
Next Generation Thermal Barrier Coatings for the Gas Turbine Industry
Authors: Curry N. , Markocsan N. , Li X.-H. , Tricoire A. , Dorfman M.
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to develop the next generation of production ready air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating with a low conductivity and long lifetime. In order to achieve these goals; a number of coating architectures were produced using commercially available plasma spray guns. Modifications were made to powder chemistry including; high purity powders for sintering resistance, Dysprosia stabilised Zirconia powders and powders containing porosity formers. Agglomerated & Sintered (A&S) and Hollow Oven Spherical Powder (HOSP) morphologies were used to attain beneficial microstructures. Finally, dual layer coatings were produced using the different powder morphologies. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of the coating systems from room temperature to 1200°C was conducted using laser flash technique. Tests were done on as-sprayed samples and samples heat treated for 100 hours at 1150°C in order to evaluate the first stage sintering resistance of the coating systems. Thermal conductivity results were correlated to coating microstructure using image analysis of porosity and crack content. The results show the influence of beneficial porosity on reducing the thermal conductivity of the produced coatings.
Feasibility of Polycarbonate Coatings by Cold Spray Process
Authors: Seo D. , Mahiou N. , Ogawa K. , Shoji T. , Ito K. , Tirtom I.
Published: September 2022

Cold spray deposition of polycarbonate on the various substrates has been investigated. The polycarbonate particles are sieved and accelerated at elevated temperature in air through a DeLaval type nozzle, and are deposited on the metallic and ceramic substrates. The influences of the particle size, the gas temperature, the thermal conductivity and surface roughness of substrate on the deposition process are studied. As a result, the continuous deposits are formed on the metallic substrate. The powder sieved below 300 μm shows better deposition efficiency. Thin film of melted polycarbonate has been formed on the surface of substrate to act as a bonding layer, and its crystalline structure is changed to be amorphous, which is the more stable state for the polycarbonate. The coating seems to be better when the thermal conductivity of metallic substrate is low. For the ceramic substrates, there is no deposition whatever was the thermal conductivity.
Microstructures and Adhesive Bonding Strength Analysis of Plasma Sprayed Silica Modified Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates
Authors: Xu J. L. , Khor K. A. , Cizek J.
Published: September 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is preferred for its ability to interact with living bone, resulting in improvements of implant fixation and faster bone healing. In this study, a small amount of silicon dioxide (~ 2wt%) was introduced into HA slurry which was subsequently spray-dried into powder. A silicon modified HA coating was then deposited onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and Raman spectrometry were employed to investigate the surface chemistry that would directly influence bone forming cell proliferation. Additionally, the adhesive bonding strength of the as-sprayed coatings were specified measured using a universal testing system. The fracture surfaces after tensile test were also investigated by SEM.
Effect of Nitrogen Flow Rate on the Microstructure and Transformation Rate of TiN Coatings in Reactive Plasma Spraying
Authors: Yang H. , Chen H.
Published: September 2022

TiN coatings and some particle of TiN were prepared by reactive plasma spraying, in which titanium powder react with nitrogen under different flow rate, at the same time keeping all other parameters invariableness. The microstructure of the TiN coatings and particles were analyzed by means of SEM and the rate of TiN coating was tested by XRD. The results show that the microstructure and transformation rate of TiN coatings are greatly affected by nitrogen flow rate. The microstructure and transformation rate of TiN coatings were the best when the nitrogen flow rate was 1500 L/h.
The Oxy-Fuel Ionization (OFI) Process – Experimental Process Analysis
Authors: Parco M. , Barykin G. , Fagoaga I. , Mariaux G. , Goutier S. , Vardelle M.
Published: September 2022

The Oxy-Fuel Ionization system (OFI) is a new thermal spray process which consists basically on a high velocity combustion process enhanced by a low energy plasma source. The system is characterized by its stability over a relatively large range of fuel/oxidant conditions, the possibility to use poor fuels like natural one (with low gas consumption) and the high deposition rates that can be achieved in comparison to conventional HVOF guns. The OFI gun has been designed following a modular concept, which in combination with the high flexibility of the system is expected to allow the deposition of coating materials with the most different physical and chemical natures. This work deals with the experimental analysis of the process using methane as fuel gas and its correlation with the deposition of WC-base materials. Two in-flight particle diagnostic systems were used: the Spray Watch diagnostic system (from OSEIR) and the Spray and Deposit Control (SDC) system (developed by the SPCTS laboratory of the University of Limoges). Results are presented for the most representative properties of the optimized coatings (micro hardness distributions on the coating cross section and crystallographic analysis).
Arc Spraying of WC-FeCSiMn Cored Wires – Part 2: Young's Modulus Measurement and Simulation
Authors: Nebel J. , Klusemann B. , Vogli E. , Tillmann W. , Svendsen B.
Published: September 2022

The characterization of thermal sprayed coatings is often limited to microstructural analysis to evaluate the coatings morphology. Indentation is commonly used to determine the mechanical properties of different kind of engineering materials. However, due to the complex structure of thermal sprayed coatings few results have been obtained so far. This is the second of two papers concerning the intrinsic mechanical properties of arc-sprayed WC-FeSiCMn coatings. In part 2 experimental nanoindentation tests and simulation results are compared. The experimental indentation tests show scattering in the force-deformation data due to the complex structure of the arc-sprayed coating which is investigated by means of an indentation test simulation. Based on these results the effective Young's modulus as well as further properties are identified. A general procedure is presented to predict the effective mechanical properties of different coating composites based on the microstructure, porosity and properties of the chemical composition after thermal spraying.
Effect of Powder Compressive Strength on Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spraying
Authors: Sonoda T. , Kuwashima T. , Nakamura M. , Saito T.
Published: September 2022

In cold spray, feedstock powders are accelerated by supersonic jet with solid phase and deposited onto substrate. Compare with the conventional thermal spray, the coatings have low porosity without oxidation and decomposition. This study examines the effect of the powder compressive strength of each particle on coating deposition characteristics using two types of Ni powders, manufactured in a different process, in cold spray. The result indicated that heat treatment reduced the powder compressive strength, and the decrease of the powder compressive strength was related to the increase of bond strength of particles and deposition efficiency. In addition, it was shown that the powder compressive strength has an influence of deposition mechanism.
Estrategias para mejorar los resultados reproductivos tras síndrome del folículo vacío: a propósito de un caso clínico
Authors: Tomaizeh Aida , Armijo Alberto , Flórez Natalia , Martínez Irene , Tirado María Pilar , Mantrana Elena
Published: September 2022

El síndrome del folículo vacío (SFV) es el fracaso total para recuperar los ovocitos después de la estimulación ovárica, a pesar de un desarrollo folicular aparentemente normal y una esteroidogénesis folicular adecuada. Se han descrito dos variantes de SFV: la forma genuina, que ocurre en presencia de niveles adecuados de hCGb circulante o de LH en el momento de la aspiración de ovocitos, y la forma 'falsa', que se asocia a niveles séricos de hCG/LH por debajo de un umbral crítico. En nuestra paciente tras un protocolo aceptado de estimulación ovárica con gonadotropina menopáusica humana y folitropina alfa y posterior maduración folicular con coriogonadotropina alfa no se obtuvieron cúmulos ovocitarios en la punción ecoguiada, con lo que se trató de emplear otras estrategias encaminadas a corregir esta situación. El tratamiento y el pronóstico de estas pacientes aún no se conocen bien. Se necesitan grandes estudios multicéntricos y revisiones sistemáticas para aumentar la comprensión del SFV y así, su manejo, diseñando mejores estrategias como tratamos de hacer con nuestra paciente con el empleo de doble descarga para maduración ovocitaria.
Tumor carcinoide de células caliciformes apendicular con metástasis endometrial
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Rondon-Tapia Martha , Torres-Cepeda Duly
Published: September 2022

El tumor carcinoide de células caliciformes es una neoplasia mixta casi exclusiva del apéndice, con diferenciación neuroendocrina y mucinosa. La afección metastásica endometrial por carcinomas extragenitales, especialmente el tipo de células de anillo de sello, es rara. Se presenta un caso de tumor carcinoide de células caliciformes apendicular con metástasis endometrial. Se trató de paciente femenina de 70 años quien presentó sangrado genital. El examen ginecológico mostró sangrado genital en moderada cantidad de color rojo-marrón y cuello uterino endurecido. En la biopsia endometrial se halló nidos de células de anillo de sello. La impresión diagnóstica provisional fue carcinoma mal diferenciado de probable origen intestinal. Durante la intervención, el útero tenía consistencia pétrea, el apéndice cecal era fibrótico y engrosado y el epiplón engrosado con nódulos tumorales. Las secciones anatómicas del cuello y cuerpo uterino mostraron focos tumorales. En el apéndice cecal se encontró acúmulos de pequeño tamaño compuestos por células caliciformes. La inmunotinción fue positiva a sinaptofisina, CDX-2, EMA, CK20, CD56 focal. Estos hallazgos confirmaron el diagnóstico de tumor carcinoide de células caliciformes, un tumor caracterizado por infiltración de la pared apendicular por pequeños nidos o cordones de células caliciformes con mucina intracitoplasmática y expresión focal de marcadores neuroendocrinos. Estas neoplasias tienen un comportamiento más agresivo que los tumores neuroendocrinos. La metástasis endometrial es rara y puede ser confundida con un carcinoma primario de células de anillo de sello. Se debe considerar como diagnóstico diferencial después de excluir otros tumores primarios.
Estratégias de quimioprevenção do câncer de pele não melanoma.
Authors: Machado Santos Lizandra , Klockner Eduarda , Rodrigues de Aguiar Mateus , Yano Callado Gustavo , Carvalho Gomes Heitor , Santos de Oliveira Filho Renato
Published: September 2022

A incidência do câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) vem aumentando no mundo todo. Buscando reduzir a incidência e a morbidade desses tumores, diversas estratégias de prevenção vêm sendo estudadas. A quimioprevenção do CPNM baseia-se no conceito de que tratamentos tópicos ou sistêmicos podem prevenir a progressão de lesões precursoras de carcinomas invasivos, estando direcionada a pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver esses tipos de cânceres. O presente artigo tem por objetivo revisar as substâncias tópicas e sistêmicas mais estudadas, atualmente, como estratégias de quimioprevenção para o CPNM. Esta revisão de literatura selecionou artigos e publicações relativas às terapêuticas tópicas e sistêmicas para a quimioprevenção do CPNM, publicados em inglês ou português, entre os anos de 2005 e 2022. As bases de dados utilizadas foram MEDLINE e LILACS. De cada artigo selecionado foram extraídas informações, que foram compiladas em uma planilha de análise, a qual foi utilizada para redigir a presente revisão. De acordo com os artigos selecionados, a quimioprevenção ao CPNM pode ser feita tanto por via tópica como por via oral. Dentre as modalidades tópicas destacam-se: a terapia fotodinâmica, o 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), o imiquimode e o diclofenaco de sódio. As substâncias sistêmicas mais relevantes, por sua vez, são a nicotinamida, os retinóides orais e os inibidores da ciclooxigenase. Esta revisão possibilitou concluir que a quimioprevenção do CPNM deve ser considerada em pacientes de alto risco. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para complementar as evidências dos agentes quimiopreventivos para a prevenção de CPNM.
Meningeal defects and focal cortical dysplasia: an unrecognized relationship? Illustrative case
Authors: Ellis Erin M. , Trybula S. Joy , Adney Scott K. , Lee Paula K. J. , Bandt S. Kathleen
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a heterogenous cluster of histopathologic entities classically associated with medically refractory epilepsy. Because there is substantial histopathologic variation among different types of FCD, there are likely multiple pathogenic mechanisms leading to these disorders. The meninges are known to play a role in cortical development, and disruption of meningeal-derived signaling pathways has been shown to impact neurodevelopment. To our knowledge, there has not yet been an investigation into whether genetic pathways regulating meningeal development may be involved in the development of FCD.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors reported a patient with refractory epilepsy and evidence of FCD on imaging who received surgical intervention and was found to have an unusual dural anomaly overlying a region of type Ic FCD. To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first report describing a lesion of this nature in the context of FCD.

LESSONS

The dural anomaly exhibited by the patient presented what could be a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism of FCD. Resection of the cortical tissue underlying the dural anomaly resulted in improvement in seizure control. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, this case highlighted the importance of further investigation into the developmental origins of FCD, which may help elucidate whether a connection between meningeal development and FCD exists.
From technological sanctions to Tech Wars: Impact of the U.S. — China conflict on sanctioning policies and the high-tech markets
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Danilin I. V.
Published: September 2022

The U.S. “Technology War” with intensive sanctions against Chinese digital sector marked changes in the American and global sanctioning policy. Historically, tech sanctions are well known practice, negatively affecting defense and total capacity of opponents/adversaries. But case of the “Tech War” is very specific: scale of sanctions was unexpected, as was the choice of highly internationalized digital sector as their target. Key groups of the U.S. tech sanctions since 2018 seem to fit existing practices — taking into account realities of the modern high-tech markets (for example, sanctions against Chinese venture investments in the U.S.A. or against Chinese startups). However, deeper analysis of the motives and content of the “Tech War” reveals changes in the ideology of the sanctioning policy. From blocking all forms of technology transfer in order to weaken the opponent (restrictionism) it is evolving toward strengthening U.S. leadership in high-tech markets through technological expansionism (blocking competition). This convergence of trade/investment national strategies with sanctioning policies is also determined by high-tech market specifics, as well as by features of the digital economy (i. e., access to the global raw data). Other nations are also considering these new practices which imply further increase of the technological component in the sanctioning policy (despite re-actualization of the hard power in international relations). At the same time, geopolitical factor also forces changes in the organization of high-tech markets — a challenge that will remain for the future.
Phillips curve: Infl ation and NAIRU in the Russian regions
Authors:   Monetary Policy Department, Bank of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Orlov D. A. , Postnikov E. A. ,   Chelyabinsk Division, Ural Main Branch, Bank of Russia, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: September 2022

Price stability is one of the strategic goals of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. A significant factor of inflationary pressure on the economy is short-term deviations of the unemployment rate from NAIRU. At the same time, the relationship between the labor market and inflationary processes at the regional level may differ significantly. This paper examines regional heterogeneity in the Russian labor market in the form of a Phillips curve. An important feature for choosing the main research method is the lack of statistical information about NAIRU. Based on the models of unobservable components using the Kalman filter, the influence of the unemployment gap on inflation in each region of the Russian Federation is estimated. The constructed models take into account the impact on inflation of the main premises of the theory of rational expectations, supply shocks and inflation lags. Conclusions were drawn that there is a significant relationship between the unemployment gap and inflation for most of the Russian regions, while the sensitivity of inflation to changes in the labor market in the country as a whole is rather weak. Regions with proinflationary and disinflationary influence from the labor market were identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING EXPERIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODELS OF ORGANIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURE BASED ON TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE CIRCUMPOLAR ARCTIC TERRITORY
Authors:   Siberian federal university, Pchelkina D.S. , Pimenova N.N. ,   Siberian federal university, Shpak A.A. ,   Siberian federal university
Published: September 2022

The article considers the existing experience in the implementation of models of organization and sustainable functioning of agriculture based on traditional economic activities. The analysis is based on the practices of organizing agriculture among the indigenous peoples of the North, both in Russia and in other subarctic countries. In the course of the analysis of domestic experience, the practices of the Soviet period are considered. At this time, for such a form of traditional agriculture as reindeer herding, a form of reindeer herding collective farms and state farms was created. The form of organization of hunting for the purpose of producing furs (fur resources) and meat products (game and meat resources) — hunting enterprises and fur farms (cage fur farming), as well as procurement offices (raw material collection points), which also acted as forms for other species traditional economic activities — fishing, collecting and harvesting wild plants. The article also considers the experience of organizing and functioning of agriculture based on indigenous crafts in the USA, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland.
GOVERNOR-GENERAL AND GOVERNOR'S REVIEWS OF WESTERN SIBERIA AND THE STEPPE TERRITORY: A DEBATE ON EFFICIENCY
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Germizeeva V.V.
Published: September 2022

Acquaintance with the features and condition of the territories under their jurisdiction was an integral part of the activities of the governors-general and governors of the Russian Empire. They had to have reliable information about the state of affairs on the ground: about the situation in the field of education, local government, and the activities of county institutions. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of consistency, the anthropological approach and the comparative historical method. Thanks to this theoretical set, the inspection work of specific governors has been studied in an analytical manner, as part of managerial activity. The article draws attention to the surveys of the provinces and regions of Western Siberia and the Steppe Territory, made by governors-general and governors at the beginning of the 20th century. Studying the region during business trips was supposed to help them solve current issues, as well as outline the prospects for the development of the region, justify for the central government the timeliness and necessity of solving pressing problems in the field of management, medicine, office work, etc. Governors in official documents noted the importance of reviews for the implementation of their activities, but at the same time, their effectiveness in the periodical press was questioned. It is obvious that the legally enshrined provision pursued good goals, but, as often happens, its implementation in practice was far from ideal. In this regard, it seems that the effectiveness of the reviews depended on a number of factors, both objective and subjective: the personal qualities of governors and governors-general, the size of the province or region, the state of communications, the time spent in office.
Assessment of Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, and Colorimetric Properties of Cotton and Woolen Yarns Dyed with Some Plants Extracts
Authors:   Department of Carpet, Faculty of Applied Arts, Art University, Tehran, Iran, Ahmadi Zahra , Gholami Houjeghan Fatemeh ,   Department of Advance Studies of Art, Faculty of Visual Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Published: September 2022

Nowadays according to more attention to natural products, the development of research on this issue seems necessary. Many plants are known around the world to have antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. By using those plant compounds, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and fungal properties can be created in textiles. Textiles are one of the unavoidable requirements that all human beings use abundantly in their lives. In the natural dyeing process, the use of some medicinal plant compounds resulted in antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. In this study, medicinal plants such as thyme, clove, marjoram, lavender, wormwood, and espand were studied for antibacterial and antimicrobial properties on textiles. The antibacterial property of mordanted and dyed wool & cotton yarns were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and Candida albicans microbe for cotton. The range of colour developed on dyed materials was evaluated in terms of (L*, a*, b*) CIE LAB coordinates and the dye absorption concentration on the yarns was studied by using K/S values. Also, fastness tests on dyed samples for light and washing fastness were carried out. The experimental results showed that the examined plants, in addition to creating antimicrobial and antibacterial properties on wool and cotton yarns, can be used as a dye to produce a durable yellow shade. The dyeing fastness of applied dyes was acceptable. Aloe vera, which has a polyphenolic structure, was used to increase dyeing fastness and durability of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The property was created to maintain its durability for several washed cycles.
المعارف ودلالتها السياقية
Authors: Kashkool Maysam Kadhim
Published: September 2022

تناول البحث بالدراسة المعارف ودلالتها السياقية، متخذاً من سورة يوسف انموذجا، قدمت له بمقدمة بينت فيه معنى المعرفة في اللغة والاصطلاح، ومعنى دلالة السياق، ومن ثم اختلاف النحاة في أعرف المعارف، وعددها، ومبهمها.

فأما المبحث الأول فقد اختص بالموصول ومعناه ونوع الموصول، واسم الإشارة.

واما المبحث الثاني فقد ذكرت فيه الضمير والعلم.

وتعلق المبحث الثالث بالمعرف ب(ال) والمعرف بالإضافة.

وجاءت الخاتمة لأذكر فيها اهم نتائج البحث.
التحليل المكاني للحوادث المرورية في محافظة بغداد باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: Ali Bashar Jebur
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث لتحليل واقع الحوادث المرورية في محافظة بغداد، من خلال توزيع اعداد الحوادث المروية على اقضية محافظة بغداد، وبلغ مجموعها لعام (2020) (871) حادث، وهناك عوامل متعددة ساهمت بارتفاع  الحوادث المرورية، منها تعلقت بطبيعة الحادث المروري (انقلاب، دهس، اصطدام)، اذ احتلت حوادث الاصطدام المرتبة الاولى بواقع (39.7%) حادث، واسهم صنف الطريق كعامل مؤثر بالحوادث المرورية، اذ سجلت حوادث الدهس على الطرق الرئيسة المرتبة الاولى بواقع (232) حادث، واعتبر عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب طبيعة الوقت لوقت النهار على الحصة الاكبر بواقع (51.5%) حادث، بينما عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب نوعها وخطورتها شكلت الحوادث المصاحبة للجرحى فقط اعلى نسبة بلغت (587) حادث، بسبب استيراد السيارات بدون ضوابط تحدد شروط المتانة والسلامة، واشتمل عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب اسباب الحادث التي تعود اسبابها الى السائق بالمرتبة الاولى بلغت (611) حادث، بسبب قيادة المركبات بدون اجازة سوق، وتمثلت الحوادث المرورية بحسب نوع الحادث والجنس للذكور على اعلى نسب للحوادث، لاسيما حوادث الدهس بواقع (417) حادث و(81) حادث للذكور والاناث، في حين احتل عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب الاسباب الرئيسة لوقوعها على نسبة مرتفعة  تمثلت بالسرعة الشديدة بالمراتب الاولى بمجموع (585) حادث، وركزت الحوادث المرورية على مستوى الاقضية بحسب عامل نتيجة الحوادث في قضائي الرصافة والكرخ بالمرتبة الاولى والثانية تباعاً بواقع (242) حادث، (154) حادث، وتصدرت السيارات نوع صالون الحوادث المرورية بحسب عامل نوع المركبة، بواقع (480) حادث، وسجلت الدرجة المعيارية للحوادث المرورية على مستوى الاقضية اعلى نسبة في قضائي الرصافة والكرخ تباعاً بواقع (2.4) حادث و(1.2) حادث، وكانت نسب عدد الحوادث المرورية الى عدد الوفيات (0.3) (حادث/وفاة)، بينما جائت نتائج نسبة الاصابات الى عدد الحوادث (0.8) (حادث /اصابة)، واخيراً جاءت نسب عدد المتوفين لكل (10) اصابات بواقع (0.3)(متوفي / اصابة).
الأقتصاد البنفسجي الرؤية الأقتصادية للثقافة في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Lawind Vian Ahmed Mohammed
Published: September 2022

يعد اقتصاد الارجوارني ( البنفسج ) احد انواع الاقتصاد الذي يعد ركيزة اساسية لنمو الاقتصادي الدول كافة ، و يشير اليه الاقتصاد المدمج باثقافة كما يشير لون البنفسج للابداع ومنه جاءت التسمية ، ظهر اول مرة في فرنسا 2011 ومنها بدء الاهتمام بهذا النوع من الاقتصاد في كافة الدول منها اللمملكة العربية السعودية بعدها دولة نفطية وذات اقتصاد ناشئ تحاول الانفتاح و التوسع في كافة مجالات التنمية و التطوير الاقتصادي ، فيلحظ ان القطاع الثقافي يسهم بـ 3% من اجمالي الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ، فض عن امتلاكها 16 فرعا من الفروع الثقافية تسيطر عليها 11 هئية تسهل عمل تلك الفروع الثقافية .
قياس اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال
Authors: Hassan Haider Fadhil
Published: September 2022

عمالة الاطفال هي العمل الذي يحرم الطفل من ممارسة طفولته وتؤثر سلباً على حياته. وهي ظاهرة عالمية تظهر في عدة دول. وفي العراق فأن هذه الظاهرة منتشرة في المدن كلها والى حد بعيد. يهدف البحث الحالي الى بناء مقياس لاتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال، وقياس هذه الاتجاهات، والتعرف على الفروق في اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال على وفق متغير النوع ومتغير التخصص الدراسي. تألفت عينة البحث من (100) طالب وطالبة من التخصص العلمي والانساني. قام الباحث ببناء مقياس اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال. اظهرت نتائج البحث ان لدى طلبة الجامعة اتجاهات سلبية نحو عمالة الاطفال، وانه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة في اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال على وفق متغير النوع. كما اظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو عمالة الاطفال وفق منغير التخصص الدراسي ولصالح الطلبة ذوي التخصص العلمي. توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات في ضوء نتائج البحث.
الاحتياجات المائية للاستثمارات المختلفة لناحية النيل في محافظة في بابل
Authors: Niema Jehan Ali Abed , Al-Ibrahimi Suhaila Najem
Published: September 2022

بعد ان تناول البحث موقع منطقه الدراسة وتم تحديد المشكلة الأساسية تكلم البحث عن الجانب السكاني ومدى تأثيره على المياه الجوفية والسطحية من جانب الاستهلاك والاستثمار ومن ثم الجانب الزراعي من خلال بيان الكثافة الزراعية في المنطقة والمساحات المزروعة واحتياجاتها المائية وتصنيف المياه ومدى صلاحيتها للشرب وللري ثم تناول البحث جانب الاستهلاك الحيواني لشرب المياه وحاجه الحيوانات المائية لكل سنه واستثمار المياه للثروة السمكية واخيرا الجانب الصناعي الذي وضح حاجات كل نوع من الصناعات للمياه وتطرق للصناعات المتواجدة في منطقه الدراسة.
عودة الحياة البرلمانية في سوريا عام 1954
Authors: Hamed Ali Salih Hamdan
Published: September 2022

شهدت سوريا اولى محاولاتها لوضع أسس النظام البرلماني وتفعيل دوره في الحياة عامة في آواخر العشرينيات من القرن الفائت، وتحديداً في عهد الانتداب الفرنسي (1920-1946)، ومع ذلك لم تدخر سلطات الانتداب جهداً في التدخل في الشأن البرلماني السوري وجعله فاقداً لأي سلطة حقيقية، وما أن استقلت سوريا حتى وقعت تحت رحمة الانقلابات العسكرية (1949-1954)، والتي واجهت هي الأخرى البرلمانات المنتخبة بالحديد والنار، بحسب مصالحها دون النظر في المصلحة الشعب السوري المغلوب على أمره.

 عرفت سوريا مرحلة جديدة من الحياة البرلمانية بعد انتخابات عام 1954، أثر سقوط حكم الانقلابات العسكرية واستقالة أديب الشيشكلي ومغادرته البلاد، فقد شاركت في الانتخابات مختلف الأحزاب السورية والشخصيات المستقلة ولم يتدخل الجيش في شؤون الدولة وذلك في سابقة خطيرة، مما أدى إلى فرز طبيعي للأصوات وبحرية لأول مرة، لذا يمكن عد انتخابات البرلمان السوري عام 1954، من أنزه وأنضج الانتخابات التي عرفتها الدول العربية وقتذاك، الأمر الذي برهن على مقدرة السوريين في اختيار ممثليه الحقيقيين متى ما توفرت البيئة المناسبة دون التدخل السافر من السلطات المتنفذة.