bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient preferences regarding treatment options for Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Amaador Karima , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Minnema Monique C. , Kersten Marie José , Vos Josephine M. I.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Treatment options for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) have expanded rapidly in the last decades. However, there is no consensus on a preferred treatment. Therefore, patient preferences become increasingly important in making individualized treatment plans. Still, WM patients' priorities and perspectives regarding their treatment options are unknown. We evaluated treatment preferences of WM patients using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Methods

A mixed‐method approach was utilized for identification and selection of attributes/levels. The DCE questionnaire included five attributes: type of agent (targeted versus chemotherapy); frequency and route of administration; 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS); adverse events; and risk of secondary malignancies. An orthogonal design and a mixed logit panel data model were used to construct choice tasks and assess patient preferences, respectively.

Results

Three hundred thirty WM patients participated in the project. In total, 214 (65%) complete questionnaires were included for data analysis. The 5‐year PFS, followed by risk of secondary malignancies were the most important attributes for making treatment choices. Regarding side effects, patients chose to avoid neuropathy the most compared to nausea/vomiting and extreme fatigue. Patients preferred a fixed‐duration treatment with IV/SC administration at the hospital over a continuous daily oral regimen at home.

Conclusion

These are the first systematic data obtained on WM patient preferences for treatment. The results may help discussions with individual patients about their treatment choices. Also, these data can help design clinical trials in WM and inform health‐care decision‐making regarding outcomes that are most relevant to patients.
Datura poisoning in a family: Case series and literature review
Authors: Khoshnam‐Rad Niloofar , Heydari Marziyeh , Mohammadi Keyhan , Mashayekhi Mojgan , Sahraei Zahra , Gholami Kheirollah
Published: July 2022

Datura spp. is a potentially poisonous plant that is widely spread and is simply accessible, which can yield poisoning with a central and peripheral anticholinergic effect. We reported cases of family poisoning caused by the herbal tea with refreshing effects that were identified as Datura spp.
Six‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Diclofenac Sodium via Cascade Etherification/Smiles Rearrangement Strategy: Tackling the Issues of Batch Processing
Authors: Wang Lulu , Liu Minjie , Jiang Meifen , Wan Li , Li Weijian , Cheng Dang , Chen Fener
Published: July 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Dang Cheng, Fener Chen and co‐workers at Fudan University. The image depicts six‐step continuous‐flow synthesis of diclofenac sodium from commercially available aniline and chloroacetic acid in a desktop microchemical plant. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201420.
Morphology and synaptic connections of pigment‐dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons projecting to the lateral protocerebrum in the large black chafer, Holotrichia parallela
Authors: Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Lu Zhiyuan , Shiga Sakiko
Published: July 2022

Pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) is a well‐known output neuropeptide modulator of circadian pacemakers in insects. Here, we investigated PDF‐immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the brain of the large black chafer Holotrichia parallela to search for circadian neural components, which are potentially involved in its circabidian rhythm. PDF‐ir cells were exclusively detected near the accessory medulla (AME) as a cluster of ∼ 100 cells with almost homogeneous size. No other cells exhibited immunoreactivity. The PDF‐ir cells send beaded fibers into the proximal half of the AME and ventral elongation in an anterior region between the medulla (ME) and lobula (LO). Neither the lamina, ME, LO, nor lobula plate receives PDF‐ir fibers. Primary axons derived from the PDF‐ir cells extend toward the contralateral hemisphere through the dorsolateral protocerebrum anterior to the calyx to connect the bilateral AME. The axons form varicose outgrowths exclusively in the lateral protocerebrum. Double labeling with antisynapsin revealed partial overlaps between PDF‐ir varicosities and synapsin‐ir puncta. Thus, it was assumed that the PDF‐ir fibers form output synapses there. To verify this, we investigated the ultrastructure of the PDF‐ir varicosities in the lateral protocerebrum by preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The PDF‐ir profiles contain small clear synaptic vesicles as well as both PDF‐positive and PDF‐negative dense‐core vesicles, and the profiles form output synapses upon unknown profiles and receive synapses from other PDF‐ir profiles. PDF neurons near the AME are considered to be prominent circadian pacemakers in the cockroach and flies. Their possible function in the circabidian rhythm was discussed based on these anatomical insights.
Parallel algorithm for synthetic image generation with application to tokamak plasma diagnostics
Authors: Delwadia Kirtan , Bhatt Dhruvil , Purohit Shishir , Chaudhury Bhaskar
Published: July 2022

The tomographic reconstruction is a powerful diagnostic tool in nuclear fusion experiments for the determination of the shape and position of the plasma. However, neural networks are emerging as a suitable alternative to conventional plasma tomography algorithms. In order to train such AI/ML based models, we need large‐scale, diversified image data for learning and evaluation which is difficult to obtain from real experiments. Accuracy and real‐time response is also critical, therefore in this article we propose an effective shared memory based parallel algorithm for synthetic imaging diagnostic data generation. The practicality of the proposed parallel algorithm has been evaluated experimentally by comparing it to the sequential algorithm on two different computing architectures. We observe a maximum speedup of 21 at 32 threads and demonstrate that our proposed parallel algorithm scales well over a range of image sizes. The proposed parallel algorithm can be used to obtain the synthetic images within a few seconds which is very important for real time applications. We also provide an analysis on the importance of choosing the right scheduling type and optimum chunk size to obtain the maximum speedup.
The immunopathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children: diagnostics, treatment and prevention
Authors: Patel Harsita , McArdle Andrew , Seaby Eleanor , Levin Michael , Whittaker Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Symptoms and outcomes for paediatric COVID‐19 differ vastly from those for adults, with much lower morbidity and mortality. Immunopathogenesis drives severe outcomes in adults, and it is likely that age‐related differences in both the innate and specific immune responses underlie much of the variation. Understanding the protective features of the paediatric immune system may be crucial to better elucidate disease severity in adult COVID‐19 and may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. However, as well as uncommon cases of severe paediatric acute COVID‐19, there have been children who have presented with delayed multisystem inflammation, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, skin, mucosa and central nervous system involvement. The occurrence of coronary artery aneurysms has drawn comparisons with Kawasaki Disease, but similarities with the inflammatory phase of adult acute COVID‐19 have also been drawn. In this review, we summarise findings from studies investigating pre‐existing immunity, cytokine profiles, innate, B‐cell, antibody, T‐cell and vaccine responses in children with acute COVID‐19 and multisystem inflammation, compared with COVID‐19 adults and controls. We further consider the relevance to therapeutics in the context of limited evidence in children and highlight key questions to be answered about the immune response of children to SARS‐CoV‐2.
Distannadithiophenes and Their Application towards Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sa Shreenibasa , Ponniah Joseph S. , Biswal Priyabrata , Sathesh Venkatesan , Murali Anna Chandrasekar , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: July 2022

Synthesis of distannadithiophenes (C6H6S)2Sn2Ar4) with different aryl substituents is presented. These air‐stable distannadithiophenes were tested as catalysts for the hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Among the different distannadithiophenes tested, tetra‐tolyl distannadithiophene showed better catalytic activity over other compounds. A wide variety of aldehydes and ketones were reduced to their corresponding boronate esters using tetra‐tolyl distannadithiophene as a catalyst at room temperature.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic liver disease: Results from the Global Liver Registry
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Yilmaz Yusuf , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Duseja Ajay , Hamid Saeed , Esmat Gamal , Méndez‐Sánchez Nahum , Chan Wah Kheong , Singal Ashwani K. , Lam Brian , Felix Sean , Younossi Elena , Verma Manisha , Price Jillian K. , Nader Fatema , Younossi Issah , Racila Andrei , Stepanova Maria
Published: July 2022

Patients with preexisting chronic liver disease (CLD) may experience a substantial burden from both coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and pandemic‐related life disruption. We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with CLD. Patients enrolled in our Global Liver Registry were invited to complete a COVID‐19 survey. As of June 2021, 2500 patients (mean age ± SD, 49 ± 13 years; 53% men) from seven countries completed the survey. Of all survey completers, 9.3% had COVID‐19. Of these patients, 19% were hospitalized, 13% needed oxygen support, but none required mechanical ventilation. Of all patients including those not infected with COVID‐19, 11.3% reported that the pandemic had an impact on their liver disease, with 73% of those reporting delays in follow‐up care. The Life Disruption Event Perception questionnaire confirmed worsening in at least one area (food/nutrition, exercise, social life, vocation/education, financial situation, housing, or health care) in 81% and 69% of patients with and without a history of COVID‐19, respectively (p = 0.0001). On a self‐assessed Likert health score scale (range, 1–10; 10 indicates perfect health), patients with a COVID‐19 history scored lower (mean ± SD, 6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.4 ± 2.2, respectively; p < 0.0001) despite reporting similar health scores if there was no pandemic (mean ± SD, 8.5 ± 1.4 vs. 8.4 ± 1.6, respectively; p = 0.59). After adjustment for country of enrollment, liver disease etiology and severity, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, and history of psychiatric comorbidities, COVID‐19 was found to be independently associated with lower self‐assessed health scores (beta = −0.71 ± 0.14; p < 0.0001). The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a substantial burden on the daily life of patients with CLD.
Critical realism methodology as a guiding framework for interdisciplinary theory enrichment: Reflections on a study of empowerment
Authors: Ellison Erin Rose , Langhout Regina Day
Published: July 2022

Philosophy of science and ontological assumptions underpin our work as scholars, explicitly, or implicitly. In this paper, we develop empowerment theory with a critical realism (CR) lens. Through the example of a study of empowerment, we examine how can it be used as a guiding paradigm for research in community psychology (CP). We sought to increase theoretical rigor by using a CR approach to interdisciplinarity. We put empowerment into conversation with Social Reproduction Theory and Black, Indigenous, People of Color feminisms, because both represent situated knowledge that address experiences with oppression and focus on dismantling systems of oppression. We illustrate how a CR approach shaped our understanding of empowerment, and in turn, provided an analysis that was (a) more nuanced and actionable, (b) more aligned with CP values and definitions of social justice, and (c) more likely to contribute to the field by developing an intersectional anticapitalist and feminist intervention into empowerment literature. This paper highlights how, aligned with an interdisciplinary CR approach, we questioned assumptions about empowerment theory, which influenced our empirical work so that we could provide a more focused critique of unjust social arrangements, and with it, the possibility to act upon those arrangements.
Adequate funding of comprehensive community‐based programs for key populations needed now more than ever to reach and sustain HIV targets
Authors: DiCarlo Meghan C. , Dallabetta Gina A. , Akolo Chris , Bautista‐Arredondo Sergio , Digolo H. Victor , Fonner Virginia A. , Kumwenda Grace Jill , Mbulaje Patrick , Mwangi Peninah W. , Persuad Navindra E. , Sikwese Simon , Wheeler Tisha A. , Wolf R. Cameron , Mahler Hally R.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Globally, over half of the estimated new HIV infections now occur among key populations, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender individuals, and people in prisons and other closed settings, and their sexual partners. Reaching epidemic control will, for many countries, increasingly require intensified programming and targeted resource allocation to meet the needs of key populations and their sexual partners. However, insufficient funding, both in terms of overall amounts and the way the funding is spent, contributes to the systematic marginalization of key populations from needed HIV services.

Discussion

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has recently highlighted the urgent need to take action to end inequalities, including those faced by key populations, which have only been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. To address these inequalities and improve health outcomes, key population programs must expand the use of a trusted access platform, scale up differentiated service delivery models tailored to the needs of key populations, rollout structural interventions and ensure service integration. These critical program elements are often considered “extras,” not necessities, and consequently costing studies of key population programs systematically underestimate the total and unitary costs of services for key populations. Findings from a recent costing study from the LINKAGES project suggest that adequate funding for these four program elements can yield benefits in program performance. Despite this and other evidence, the lack of data on the true costs of these elements and the costs of failing to provide them prevents sufficient investment in these critical elements.

Conclusions

As nations strive to reach the 2030 UNAIDS goals, donors, governments and implementers should reconsider the true, but often hidden costs in future healthcare dollars and in lives if they fail to invest in the community‐based and community‐driven key population programs that address structural inequities. Supporting these efforts contributes to closing the remaining gaps in the 95‐95‐95 goals. The financial and opportunity cost of perpetuating inequities and missing those who must be reached in the last mile of HIV epidemic control must be considered.
Superficial chiral etching on an achiral metal‐organic framework for high‐performance liquid chromatography enantioseparations
Authors: Lu Yan‐Rui , Yu Yun‐Yan , Chen Ji‐Kai , Guo Ping , Yang Yu‐Ping , Liu Cai‐Fang , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Wang Bang‐Jin , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Yuan Li‐Ming
Published: July 2022

Chiral metal‐organic frameworks have shown great potential in enantioselective separation and asymmetric catalysis due to their diverse and adjustable structures with abundant chiral recognition sites. Herein, a new chiral post‐synthetic modification was used for preparing an achiral@chiral metal‐organic frameworks core‐shell composite [Cu3(Btc)2]@[Cu2((+)‐Cam)2Dabco] by a superficial chiral etching method. The [Cu3(Btc)2]@[Cu2((+)‐Cam)2Dabco] composite was utilized as a novel chiral stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. Various racemates were separated on the [Cu3(Btc)2]@[Cu2((+)‐Cam)2Dabco]‐packed column (column A). It exhibited good chiral resolving ability toward many different kinds of racemates, especially chiral drugs. Among them, the highest resolution value for 1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol reaches 2.70. The relative standard deviations of retention time and peak area for repeated separation of 1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐ethanol were 0.45% and 0.81%, respectively. Compared with the resolution ability of [Cu2((+)‐Cam)2Dabco]‐packed column (column B), column A shows higher column efficiency and better separation performance than those of column B. The results indicated that the [Cu3(Btc)2]@[Cu2((+)‐Cam)2Dabco] as a stationary phase can greatly improve the column efficiency and chiral resolution ability of chiral metal‐organic frameworks, which demonstrated that the superficial chiral etching as an economic and efficient strategy opens up a new way for the application of metal‐organic frameworks.
Decision‐making behavior in the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage tourism
Authors: Hsu Fu Chieh , Zhang Su , Zhang Yang , Lee Timothy J.
Published: July 2022

This study explores the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) tourism from a rational behavioral process perspective based on the theory of planned behavior. A multi‐level conceptual model of ICH tourism and its intentions for sustainable development, including formal rationality and substantive rationality, is constructed. We discovered that it is not only altruistic intention that contributes to decision‐making in the sustainable development of ICH tourism, but egoistic benefit also has an impact on such decisions. This is an explorative study that provides a hierarchical linear conceptual framework for the sustainable development of ICH tourism by discussing practitioners' decision‐making behavior.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Entangled Melts at High Rates: Identifying Entanglement Lockup Mechanism Leading to True Strain Hardening
Authors: Zheng Yexin , Tsige Mesfin , Wang Shi‐Qing
Published: July 2022

In the present work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out based on the bead‐spring model to indicate how the entanglement lockup manifests in the late stage of fast Rouse‐Weissnberg number (WiR>>1) uniaxial melt stretching of entangled polymer melts. At high strains, distinct features show up to reveal the emergence of an increasingly tightened entanglement network. Chain tension can build up, peaking at the middle of the chain, to a level for chain scission, through accumulated interchain interactions, as if there is a tug‐of‐war ongoing for each load‐bearing chain. Thanks to the interchain uncrossability, network junctions form by the pairing of two or more hairpins. It is hypothesized that the interchain entanglement at junctions can lockup through prevailing twist‐like interchain couplings as long as WiR > 9. In this limit, a significant fraction of chains act like cyclic chains to form a network held by interchain uncrossability, and appreciable chain tension emerges.
Bioinspired, Ultra‐Fast Polymerization of Dopamine under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhou Xiaoman , Gao Sijia , Huang Di , Lu Zhengbo , Guan Ying , Zou Lei , Hu Keling , Zhao Zhuo , Zhang Yongjun
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine (DA) is widely exploited as a facile and versatile method for surface modification. However, the reaction is very slow and only occurs in alkaline solutions, which severely limit its applications. Herein it is reported that the reaction can be dramatically accelerated by using Fe2+ as catalyst. While it takes hours and days using conventional method, the Fe2+‐catalyzed reaction finishes almost immediately at pH 7.0. In addition, under the catalysis of Fe2+, the reaction can occur at a pH down to 4.0. The fast Fe2+‐catalyzed polymerization of DA leads to fast deposition of polydopamine (PDA) coating, thus allowing fast surface modification and textile dyeing. The Fe2+‐catalyzed reaction also allows spatial control over the PDA deposition. The fast, simple, and mild surface modification method developed here will find applications in numerous fields.
Video‐sharing platform's optimal monetary incentive decisions considering motivation crowding‐out effect
Authors: Liu Xueyu , Mei Shue , Zhong Weijun
Published: July 2022

Considering the motivation crowding‐out effect of monetary incentives, a game‐theoretic model is built to examine a video‐sharing platform's optimal incentive decisions. Results show that offering monetary incentives to contributors does not ensure an improvement in video quality nor an increase in the platform's profit. We identify four ideal market conditions for the platform to offer monetary incentives. We find that though the motivation crowding‐out effect seems to undermine the effectiveness of monetary incentives, the ideal market conditions for offering monetary incentives do not always require this effect to be very weak; sometimes it even has to be medium.
Characterizing digital microstructures by the Minkowski‐based quadratic normal tensor
Authors: Ernesti Felix , Schneider Matti , Winter Steffen , Hug Daniel , Last Günter , Böhlke Thomas
Published: July 2022

For material modeling of microstructured media, an accurate characterization of the underlying microstructure is indispensable. Mathematically speaking, the overall goal of microstructure characterization is to find simple functionals which describe the geometric shape as well as the composition of the microstructures under consideration and enable distinguishing microstructures with distinct effective material behavior. For this purpose, we propose using Minkowski tensors, in general, and the quadratic normal tensor, in particular, and introduce a computational algorithm applicable to voxel‐based microstructure representations. Rooted in the mathematical field of integral geometry, Minkowski tensors associate a tensor to rather general geometric shapes, which make them suitable for a wide range of microstructured material classes. Furthermore, they satisfy additivity and continuity properties, which makes them suitable and robust for large‐scale applications. We present a modular algorithm for computing the quadratic normal tensor of digital microstructures. We demonstrate multigrid convergence for selected numerical examples and apply our approach to a variety of microstructures. Strikingly, the presented algorithm remains unaffected by inaccurate computation of the interface area. The quadratic normal tensor may be used for engineering purposes, such as mean field homogenization or as target value for generating synthetic microstructures.
Development and validation of a computationally efficient hybrid model for temporal high‐resolution simulations of geothermal bore fields
Authors: Düber Stephan , Ziegler Martin , Fuentes Raul
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a hybrid simulation approach for 1U‐, 2U‐ and coaxial single, and field of, borehole heat exchangers. We implement a novel combination of existing solutions for the simulation of heat transfer processes within the borehole and the surrounding ground. The heat transfer in the ground is modelled with a combination of analytically determined g‐functions, the borehole models utilize thermal resistance capacity models and the finite volume method. Critically, we improve the computational efficiency of long‐term simulations by sub‐dividing the time scale into multiple periods, where the influence of past periods on future periods is calculated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is validated against single borehole numerical models and a 40 bore field case study. The method achieves computational times reductions of over 90% in some cases, with greater improvement as the simulation time increases.
Ultrasound‐guided totally implantable venous access ports placement via right brachiocephalic vein in pediatric population: A clinical debut
Authors: Ding Wei , Qiu Lu , Li Tianyu , Su Weiwei , Yu Qian , Hu Tianshen , Wang Chunxin , Fan Chen , Wang Weidong
Published: July 2022

Background and objectives

To investigate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound‐guided totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) via the right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) in pediatric patients.

Methods

A single‐institute retrospective review was performed on 35 pediatric patients with predominantly hematological malignancies (88.6%) who underwent TIVAP implantation via ultrasound‐guided right BCV approach from July 2018 to June 2021. The catheter tip was adjusted to be positioned at the cavoatrial junction under pulsed fluoroscopic guidance. Technical success rate, procedural information, and TIVAP‐related complications were evaluated.

Results

All the pediatric TIVAP devices were successfully implanted via right BCV access. Venous access was successful by first attempt in 32 children (91%), two cases (5.7%) required a second attempt, and one patient (2.9%) required a third attempt. The mean procedural time was 44.6 ± 6.4 minutes (range: 34–62 minutes). No intraoperative complications occurred. The average TIVAP indwelling time was 564 ± 208 days (range: 193–1014 days), with a cumulative 19,723 catheter‐days. Overall, three patients (8.6%) experienced four postoperative complications (two cases of local hematoma and two catheter dysfunctions) at a rate of 0.2 per 1000 catheter‐days. No other complications such as wound dehiscence, delayed incision healing, catheter‐related thrombosis (CRT), catheter malposition/fracture, surgical site infection, catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), pinch‐off syndrome, and drug extravasation were observed during follow‐up.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided right BCV access for TIVAP placement in pediatric patients appears to be technically feasible, safe, and effective. Further large‐sample, prospective studies are warranted.
On the effect of nocturnal radiation fog on the development of the daytime convective boundary layer: A large‐eddy simulation study
Authors: Schwenkel Johannes , Maronga Björn
Published: July 2022

The potential effect of failing to predict nocturnal deep radiation fog on the development of the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL) is studied using large‐eddy simulations. Typical spring and autumn conditions for the mid‐latitudes are used to perform simulations in pairs. Fog formation is allowed in one simulation of each pair (nocturnal fog [NF]) and is suppressed in the other (clear sky [CS]). This allows for the identification of properties (temperature, humidity, boundary‐layer depth), conditions, and processes in CBL development that are affected by fog. Mixing‐layer temperatures and boundary‐layer depths immediately after fog dissipation in CSs are shown to be up to 2.5 K warmer and 200 m higher, respectively, than the NF counterparts. Additionally, greater water vapor mixing ratios are found in the CSs. However, owing to greater temperatures, relative humidities at the CBL top are found to be less in CSs than in the corresponding NFs. This relative humidity difference might be an indication that cloud formation is suppressed to some extent. The magnitude of the differences between CSs and NFs during the day is mainly correlated to the fog depth (in terms of duration and liquid water path), whereas the key processes responsible for differences are the atmospheric long‐wave cooling of the fog layer (for temperature development) and droplet deposition (for water vapor mixing ratio development).
Serving rural low‐income markets through a social entrepreneurship approach: Venture creation and growth
Authors: Prado Andrea M. , Robinson Jeffrey A. , Shapira Zur
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

Rural communities in developing countries often exhibit high poverty levels, lack of skilled labor, and limited infrastructure. Through an analysis of three social ventures serving rural low‐income markets in Latin America, we explore how social entrepreneurs create and grow their ventures. We advance a multilevel framework that incorporates three main levels within the creation and growth process of social ventures serving these markets. At the individual level, founders are continuously revising goals and acquiring new capabilities. At the community‐relations level, they engage in explicit efforts to ground business operations in the community. At the organizational level, they pursue innovative business models. These processes are dynamic and interdependent. This framework contributes to the research on social venture creation and growth in uncertain and resource‐constrained environments.

Managerial Summary

Philanthropy or base of the pyramid (BoP) initiatives by multinational corporations have sought to alleviate poverty in rural low‐income communities in developing countries. Social entrepreneurship constitutes an alternative mechanism to generate social impact by bringing products and services to this market segment in a financially sustainable way. However, the creation and growth of a social venture in this context pose multiple challenges given the socioeconomic conditions of its populations and the limited access to public infrastructure. Based on a comparative analysis of three Latin American enterprises, our research suggests the following takeaways for social entrepreneurs seeking to serve these communities: (a) be willing to change goals and acquire new capabilities (e.g., business training); (b) see the community not only as customers or beneficiaries but also as a source of useful resources to deploy in the venture's operation; and (c) innovate in business model components (e.g., distribution, marketing, human resource management) that, due to limiting conditions in these communities, require a different approach than in mainstream markets.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Dimeric and Tetrameric Copper (II) Complexes with Simple Bidentate Ligands and Phosphate Bridges
Authors: Sureshbabu Popuri , Upadhyay Chandan , Sabiah Shahulhameed
Published: July 2022

Monomeric [Cu(DACH)(L)]2+ (DACH=1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) heteroleptic copper(II) complexes (1–4) on reaction with diphenyl phosphate yielded dinuclear phosphate bridged copper(II) complexes [Cu2L2(dpp)3]+ (5–7), [dpp=diphenyl phosphate; L=bpy (5), Phen (6), 5, 6 dimethyl phenanthroline, (7)] and a tetra‐nuclear [Cu4(2,9‐dmp)2(dpp)4(OH)2]2+ complex (8) (2, 9 dmp=2, 9 dimethyl phenanthroline). Interestingly, isomeric ligands 5,6‐dmp and 2,9‐dmp yielded dinuclear complex 7 and tetra‐nuclear complex 8 triggered by steric effects. Even though the initial combination contains mixed bidentate ligands, the resulting complexes have only one type of bidentate ligand around the copper(II) ions. These reactions involve ligand expulsion to form the phosphate bridged complexes. All the phosphate bridged complexes 5–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, absorption spectrum, FT‐IR, ESI‐MS, and single‐crystal XRD. The molecular structures show Cu(II) in square pyramidal/trigonal bipyramidal geometry with phosphate in μ‐1,3‐bridging mode. All complexes exhibit intra‐antiferromagnetic interactions with negative J values from variable temperature magnetic susceptibility study by SQUID measurements.
One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, in Vitro Anti‐inflammatory Evaluation and Computer‐Aided Molecular Design of Novel Sulfamide‐Containing Bisphosphonates Derivatives
Authors: Amira Aϊcha , K'tir Hacène , Aouf Zineb , Khaldi Taha , Bentoumi Houria , Khattabi Latifa , Zerrouki Rachida , Ibrahim‐Ouali Malika , Aouf Nour‐Eddine
Published: July 2022

An eco‐friendly and one‐step microwave‐assisted green synthesis of new functionalized bisphosphonates derivatives was described by a three‐component reaction of aromatic sulfamide with triethyl orthoformate and diethyl phosphite. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and IR analysis. Some of these compounds were tested for in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity and showed moderate inhibition compared to diclofenac as standard drug. Furthermore, to rationalize the observed biological data, several in silico approaches have been used to explain Structure‐Activity Relationship study (SAR) based on DFT calculation, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of sulfamide‐containing bisphosphonates derivatives as anti‐inflammatory drugs. The results of the in vitro and in silico activities prove that the compound 4 b have the ideal structural requirements for further development of novel anti‐inflammatory agents.
Precarious situations: A prelude to hiring more hubristic chief executive officers
Authors: Hill Aaron D. , Recendes Tessa , Yang Yuting
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

We build upon evidence suggesting the precariousness of the situation organizations face when trying to fill chief executive officer (CEO) openings affects both which executives seek and accept such positions and which executives are sought and endorsed by those tasked with hiring. We argue that while more precarious situations likely deter some executives from pursuing and/or accepting such opportunities, more hubristic executives' tendencies make them likely to do so despite the associated challenges. Concordantly, those tasked with filling CEO openings likely view more hubristic executives as particularly important for combatting the challenges of more precarious situations, leading them to seek and endorse such executives. Using multiple conceptualizations of precarious situations, we find support for our arguments in a sample of CEO changes in S&P 500 firms.

Managerial Summary

Why do organizations select more hubristic executives to fill CEO openings? We answer this question by highlighting the role that situational precariousness plays. Specifically, not all CEO openings are equally attractive to prospective CEOs and not all prospective CEOs are equally attractive to decision makers tasked with filling such openings. We argue and find support for the notion that more hubristic executives' tendencies make them more likely to pursue and accept CEO opportunities at organizations in more precarious situations while those tasked with filling CEO openings likewise believe more hubristic executives' tendencies are particularly important given the precarious situations those organizations face. Our findings advance knowledge of CEO hubris and provide insights for practice.
Collaborations that hurt firm performance but help employees’ careers
Authors: Piezunka Henning , Grohsjean Thorsten
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

When a firm and a competitor collaborate with the same partner, they compete for the shared partner's resources and attention. Such “peer competition” has been shown to negatively affect a firm's access to resources and its performance. One might expect that also the employees’ careers to suffer as a result. However, we argue that the firm's employeesbenefitfrom such collaborations. They leverage these collaborations to build social capital—helping their mobility and careers. We find empirical support for our theory using a large sample dataset of video game companies. Our study points to an important yet hitherto neglected agency conflict: employees seek interfirm collaborations that benefit them personally but hurt their firm.

Managerial Summary

We show that some alliances can be detrimental to a firm's performance yet can benefit its employees. Specifically, we find that collaborating with the same partner as a competing firm hurts firm performance but can be leveraged by employees to advance their careers—by using the opportunity to connect with competing firms and find better job opportunities. We also find that firms often take on more collaboration than is good for them but entering many collaborations can benefit employees. Our study shows that the interests of firms and their employees are not always aligned when it comes to interfirm collaborations.
The option value in complements within platform‐based ecosystems
Authors: Toh Puay Khoon , Agarwal Shiva
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

Within platform‐based ecosystems, what drives platform owners' investment decision to enable third‐party complements onto their platforms? Departing from the conventional focus on the complementarity value that these complements add to platform owners, we examine how uncertainty in the complementary product market drives this decision. We offer a novel perspective on third‐party complements—they contain option value allowing the platform owner to defer its own entry into the market. Thus, uncertainty increases investment in enabling complements, especially with greater “downside risk” in the market or learning‐by‐observing. We demonstrate this perspective using numerical examples, simulations, and data on Apple's iPhone ecosystem from 2010 to 2015. This perspective brings together literatures on complementarity value and entry into the complementary market, and indicates that complements generate more than complementarity value within platform‐based ecosystems.

Managerial Summary

To manage complements within a platform‐based ecosystem, the platform owner needs to understand how complements add value. Conventionally, complements are seen to render the platform more attractive. We offer a different view—complements can be seen as real options for the platform owner to learn about the product‐market potential and decide later if it should enter the market with its own product. Using data from Apple's iPhone ecosystem, we demonstrate this option value and show that it is salient when “downside risk” of the market is high or learning‐by‐observing is possible. Our analysis suggests that without considering such option value, platform managers may have underestimated the value‐add of complements on their platforms. Our findings also contribute to recent discussions about platform owners' entry into third‐party spaces.
Biodegradable Films from Spray Dried Starch Inclusion Complexes with Bioactive Compounds—The Effect of Glycerol and pH
Authors: Marinopoulou Anna , Zoumaki Maria , Goulas Athanasios , Raphaelides Stylianos , Karageorgiou Vassilis
Published: July 2022

In the present study, thermoplastic films are prepared using spray dried starch‐bioactive compound systems powders with different concentrations of glycerol (20% or 40%). The starch‐based films are produced by casting after dissolution under neutral (pH 7) or alkaline conditions (pH 12). Results reveal that elevated glycerol contents lead to increased moisture and hygroscopicity which is related to the availability of more ─OH groups. ANOVA shows that the glycerol concentration, the pH value, and the interactions of bioactive compounds with glycerol, bioactive compounds with pH, and glycerol with pH, influence significantly the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic starch films. Young's modulus of elasticity increases alongside with glycerol content, indicating improved flexibility of the films. Stress decreases with higher glycerol contents and lower pH while strain on the contrary, increases as the glycerol and pH increase in the films. Significant differences are also observed in water adsorption and water vapor transmission rate values. As expected, water adsorption increases with increasing relative humidity (RH) with the glycerol content positively affecting the water uptake by the films. Microscopic examination indicates the homogeneous distribution of the bioactive compounds in the matrix of the films.
Person‐centered assessment of apathy and resistance to care in people living with dementia: Review of existing measures
Authors: Mast Benjamin T. , Ertle Emilee M. , Kolanowski Ann , Mountain Gail , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Halek Margareta
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The review described in this paper builds upon the Dementia Care Practice Recommendations (DCPR) published by the Alzheimer's Association in 2018 and addresses behavior change and the need for targeted outcome measures that evolve from person‐centered frameworks and help evaluate interventions. Apathy and resistance to care (RTC) are two specific behavioral expressions of unmet need or distress exhibited by people living with dementia, which are upsetting to formal and family caregivers and compromise quality of life for people living with dementia.

Methods

We conducted literature searches of major databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL) for papers examining apathy and RTC constructs in samples of people living with dementia. Reliability and validity coefficients were reviewed and reported, along with examination of whether each measure facilitates contextual understanding of behavior.

Results

Three stand‐alone measures of RTC and ten measures of apathy were identified and reviewed. The RTC measures demonstrated good psychometric properties but do not include the perspective of the person living with dementia or contextual aspects of the behavior. The identified apathy measures demonstrated fair to good psychometric properties, and although there is greater consideration of context, none adequately include the perspective of the person living with dementia.

Discussion

Although reliable and valid measures have been developed to measure apathy and RTC in people living with dementia, there is greater need for conceptually driven measurement of behavior context and for tools that elicit and include the perspective of the person living with dementia.
The Italian version of the Virtual Dementia Tour: Manual translation and an analysis of consistency, validity, and reliability of its pre‐ post‐experience survey
Authors: Morganti Francesca , Brignoli Paola , Beville Paula Kay
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Clinical indications on how to approach caregiving with a person living with dementia underline the need “to have an empathic attitude” requiring the caregiver to view the world from the perspective of the person with dementia. However, it is not easy for the caregiver to understand the perspective their patients have on day‐to‐day experiences. To put the caregivers in the person with dementia's shoes, the Virtual Dementia Tour (VDT) was developed in 2001, and has been administered to millions of health professionals, community leaders, and family caregivers.

Method

In this paper we present the Italian version of the VDT and discuss its internal validity and test–retest reliability for the pre–post experience survey defined by the VDT procedure.

Results

An Italian sample (N = 419; mean age = 44.8; standard deviation 14.2) completed the tour and a 5‐item survey provided before and after the experience revealed the disposition toward people with dementia changed.

Discussion

The VDT Italian version wasrevealed to be valid in supporting a positive perspective change in the perception of dementia as is seen in the original VDT used in English‐speaking countries.

Highlights

Empathy predicts a higher quality of caregiving for the person living with dementia.

The Virtual Dementia Tour (VDT) provides an experience from the person living with dementia's perspective and supports empathy.

We present the first Italian version of VDT and its manual translation and validation.

Italian VDT internal consistency and test–retest reliability were calculated.

Results confirms the reliability and validity of the Italian VDT for empathy.
A Uniqueness Theorem for Incompressible Fluid Flows with Straight Streamlines
Authors: Guilfoyle Brendan
Published: July 2022

It is proven that the only incompressible Euler fluid flows with fixed straight streamlines are those generated by the normal lines to a round sphere, a circular cylinder or a flat plane, the fluid flow being that of a point source, a line source or a plane source at infinity, respectively. The proof uses the local differential geometry of oriented line congruences to integrate the Euler equations explicitly.
Portable dynamic ultrasonography is a useful tool for the evaluation of suspected syndesmotic instability: a cadaveric study
Authors: Hagemeijer N. C. , Lubberts B. , Saengsin J. , Bhimani R. , Sato G. , Waryasz G. R. , Kerkhoffs G. M. M. J. , DiGiovanni C. W. , Guss D.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Portable ultrasonography (P-US) is increasingly used to diagnose syndesmotic instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate syndesmotic instability by measuring the distal tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) in a cadaveric model using P-US with progressive stages of syndesmotic ligamentous transection under external rotation stress.

Methods

Ten fresh lower leg cadaveric specimens amputated above the proximal tibiofibular joint were used. Using P-US, the TFCS was evaluated in the intact stage and after progressive sectioning of the (1) anterior–inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), (2) interosseous ligament (IOL), and (3) posterior–inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL). The TFCS was measured in both the unstressed (0 Nm) state and with 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 Nm of external rotation stress using a bone hook placed on the first metatarsal bone at each stage of ligamentous transection stage using both P-US and fluoroscopy.

Results

When assessed with P-US, partial syndesmotic injury encompassing the AITFL and IOL resulted in significant TFCS widening at 4.5 Nm of external rotation torque when compared to intact state with a TFCS-opening of 2.6 ± 2 mm, p = 0.01. In contrast, no significant differences in TFCS were detected using fluoroscopy. Only a moderate correlation was found between P-US and fluoroscopy.

Conclusion

P-US is a useful tool in diagnosing syndesmotic instability during external rotation stress examination. TFCS-opening increased as additional ligaments of the syndesmosis were transected, and application of 4.5 Nm torque was sufficient to detect a difference of 2.6 mm after the IOL cut.
Monitoring of shear heating effects during injection molding of rubber to improve the process control
Authors: Ramini Mattia , Agnelli Silvia
Published: July 2022

This work aims to get new insights into the “process monitoring tool” proposed by the authors for the online monitoring of the shear heating phenomenon during injection molding of technical rubber parts. The online monitoring is based on direct measurement of the surface rubber temperature (shear heating temperature,TSH) by an infrared thermal camera of the rubber as it leaves the extruder barrel of the injection molding machine. The measured rubber temperature is a process indicator giving the thermal history of the rubber compound injection and process safety. Therefore, this fast process control is applied to industrial applications to investigate the processing behavior of ethylene acrylate (AEM) rubber compounds. In particular, the relationships betweenTSHvs injection pressure, vs injection speed, vs screw speed rotation and vs screw length over diameter ratio (L/Dratio) and vs AEM rubber compound properties variation due to exceeding the shelf life are investigated. The results show thatTSHis manly influenced by the screwL/Dratio, followed by injection pressure and screw speed rotation (especially if are set to higher levels), whereas the injection speed is the least effective parameter to reduceTSH. Furthermore, a previously found robust correlation between the shear heating parameter (ηSH) and the minimum torque measured in rheometric laboratory tests (ML) is used to show the noteworthy deviation from the proportional trend when the AEM rubber compound exceeded it shelf life. Therefore, the coefficient of determination of$${\text{log}}\eta_{{{\text{SH}}}}$$logηSHvsMLcurves provides a good indication of process stability, while it is running.