bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Democratic Exception to State of Exception: Covid-19 in the Context of Tunisia’s State of Law
Authors: Guetat Meriem , Agrebi Meriem
Published: November 2021

Through an analysis of the early legal and institutional response to Covid-19 in Tunisia, this article demonstrates that the narrative of Tunisia’s democratic exceptionalism following the 2011 revolution is not translated into a liberal legal practice but is instead upheld by an authoritarian rationale that serves the role of a formal channel that legitimizes power discourse. Specifically, this article focuses on what the state of exception, which was declared during the ongoing state of emergency, reveals about the various uses of law in Tunisia. It argues that the state of emergency has become the norm to the Tunisian way of governance post-2011, allowing for the survival of past authoritarian practices where the legal apparatus is used and deployed as a tool of policing and control.
Dendrobium ormerodii (Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae), a new Dendrobium species from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: NAIVE MARK ARCEBAL K. , HANDOYO FRANKIE , CHAMPION JEFFREY
Published: November 2021

A species new to science, Dendrobium ormerodii Handoyo, Naive & J.Champ. from Kalimantan, Borneo is herein described and illustrated. The species is superficially similar to D. fulminicaule but differs in having shorter stem, narrower leaf, dorsal sepal with acute apex, labellum without sidelobes or without the broadening at the base, labellum apex obtuse-truncate, and shorter column. Detailed description, a colour plate, line drawing, notes on phenology, distribution, and a conservation assessment are provided below.
Transfer of West Indian Marsdenia to Ruehssia (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae)
Authors: ACEVEDO-RODRÍGUEZ PEDRO
Published: November 2021

N/A
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Citrus Fruit Juice for Evaluation of Anticancer Activity Against Colo-205 Cell Lines
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Luhach Neha , Chauhan Rohit , Badgujar Hemlata , Soni Sweeta , Chhokar Vinod , Parshad Jagdish , Beniwal Vikash , Kumar Ravinder , Yogi Rajesh , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2021

The study focused on the medicinal properties of citrus fruits and their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. As the resistance against the modern antibiotic agents is on increase, finding new and effective natural antibiotic agents is the need of the modern era. Similarly, bio-synthesis
of nanoparticles is also being encouraged for eco-friendly reasons. Due to remarkable medicinal and industrial applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), citrus fruit juice is used to reduce silver ions for the green synthesis of AgNPs. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various
constituents which impart antibacterial property to citrus fruits, analyzed against four pathogenic bacteria. Also, citrus fruit juice exhibits radical scavenging activity because of these constituents. Further, the AgNPs synthesized using citrus fruits were characterized using Ultra-Violet
Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to study the shape and size of the AgNPs. Anticancer activity of AgNPs was also evaluated against Colo-205 cell lines and found to inhibit 37.9% growth of cell lines at
the concentration of 10 μg/ml. Hence, synthesized AgNPs can be used effectively against cancer cell lines in combination with other anti-cancer agents.
A Novel Amperometric Genosensor for Rapid Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Feces
Authors: Khatri Rahul , Mohan Hari , Poonam  , Brar Basanti , Prasad Minakshi , Pundir C. S.
Published: November 2021

A highly sensitive novel amperometric genosensor has been developed for rapid detection of canine parvovirus (CPV) DNA in fecal swabs of naturally infected dogs. The genosensor is based on a single stranded 5°-thiolated (SH) DNA probe complementary to VP1/VP2 gene of canine parvo
vaccine strain, immobilized covalently on a polycrystalline gold (Au) electrode. The genosensor has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance
spectra (EIS). The ssDNA-SH/Au electrode was hybridized with single stranded target DNA (ss T-DNA) in the sample. This hybridization was detected by reduction in current, generated by interaction of methylene blue (MB) with free guanine of ssDNA. The current response of genosensor was determined
by CV, DPV and EIS. The sensor detected single stranded genomic DNA (ss g-DNA) isolated from vaccine strain of CPV in the range, 1.0–12.0 ng/μl at 25 °C for 10 min. Subsequently, the genobiosensor was applied for detection of CPV viral DNA in fecal swabs of naturally infected
dogs. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was 1.0 ng/μl of fecal viral DNA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on development and application of amperometric biosensor for rapid, sensitive, specific point of care detection of viral DNA of CPV in feces.
Facile Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Membranes for Effective Removal of As(III) from Water
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Jeet Kiran , Kaur Manpreet
Published: November 2021

Study is aimed to develop carbon nanomaterials based adsorbents for effective removal of heavy metal ions such as arsenic (As(III)) from contaminant water. The synthesized adsorbents [viz graphene oxide (GO), chitosan nanoparticles (Ch) film, graphene oxide/chitosan nanoparticles (GO/Ch)
film and graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes/chitosan nanoparticles (GO-CNTs/Ch) film] were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR). Adsorption experiments were designed to study adsorption of As(III)
by varied nanomaterials. Maximum adsorption capacities were observed to be 30.30 mg/g, 25 mg/g, 23.81 mg/g and 11.63 mg/g for GO, Ch film, GO/Ch film and GO-CNTs/Ch film respectively to adsorb As(III) ion from aqueous solution at optimum physical conditions (i.e., pH = 6, contact time = 20
minutes and temperature = 30 °C). GO shows high adsorption capacity for adsorption of As(III) ions as compared to the other adsorbents. But other adsorbents such as GO/Ch film and GO-CNTs/Ch film show great potential in the field of water decontamination due to their ability to be used
in the form of thin film membranes/filter papers. Thermodynamical parameters obtained from adsorption data have shown adsorption processes to be spontaneous and exothermic.
State of Art Manufacturing and Producing Nanocellulose from Agricultural Waste: A Review
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Sharma Praveen , Kumari Santosh
Published: November 2021

This review article aims to identify current research areas in nanocellulose production from various agricultural waste materials. In the arena of sustainable materials, nano-sized cellulosic materials have achieved great curiosity from scientists and researchers. Nanocellulose is embellished
with some remarkable properties like biodegradability, renewability, low density, low weight, high strength and high stiffness. Nanocellulose is a versatile material and show pertinence towards variety of applications such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, medicines, textiles, barrier, reinforcing
polymers etc. This review is an effective tool to introduce numerous agricultural waste materials used for the extraction of different forms of nanocellulose viz. cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals. The most common preparation methods of nanocellulose are oxidation, high pressure
homogenization, refining, electrospinning, steam explosion, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis etc. This review emphasize upon acid hydrolysis as one of the most prominent approach to synthesize nanocellulose by utilizing agricultural waste. This strategy to materialize nanocellulose provides
an outlook for the future perspectives in overcoming the global issues like stubble burning, curbing air pollution etc. in a facile manner.
Glycyrrhiza glabra: An Insight to Nanomedicine
Authors: Rani Kanika , Devi Nisha , Saharan Vinod , Kharb Pushpa
Published: November 2021

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (Fabaceae), commonly known as Licorice/Liquorice, Mulahatti; is an undershrub. The dried, peeled or unpeeled underground stems and roots are used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract ailments, immunodeficiency, endocrine disorders, skin, liver,
joint and heart diseases. Medicinal properties of this plant are enormous and offer it as one of the greatest candidates in the field of Nanomedicine. The Nanomedicine has dedicated to safeguard and upgrade human health using the nanotechnology. Bioactive constituents of this plant perform
versatile pharmacological actions and can be used as good Bioanalytical tools. Therefore, an updated overview on current knowledge of green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), nanoformulations and surface modification using G. glabra is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic
potential especially antifungal and antibacterial activities. In our lab, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using leaves and rhizome parts of G. glabra.
Study on Hot Deformation Behavior of Spray-Forming and Nano-Sized Al–Cu–Mg Alloy
Authors: Shen Tong , Fan Caihe , Ou Ling , Hu Zeyi , Yang Jianjun , He Wenjing , Wang Bowen
Published: November 2021

Spray-forming Al–Cu–Mg alloy was compressed to 70% deformation at 300–450 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10.00 s−1 on a Gleeble-3180 system. The microstructures of the hot deformed, sprayforming, nano-sized Al–Cu–Mg alloys were studied
through electron backscatter diffraction. Constitutive equation and parameter Z were established to describe the deformation behavior of the alloy at high temperature, and the Q value was 155.67 KJ·mol−1. 3D power dissipation and processing maps were analyzed under
strain values of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2. When the strain was increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the processing performance changed remarkably. Dynamic recovery occurred at low temperature and high strain rate, whereas dynamic recrystallization took place at increased temperature and low strain rate.
The region in 400–450 °C and 0.01 s−1–0.08 s−1 exhibited an improved processing performance.
Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Graphene Oxide: A Promising Inhibitor for Corrosion of Copper in the Hydrochloric Acid Environment
Authors: Ahmad Quraishi Mumtaz , Singh Chauhan Dheeraj , Rahmani Ansari Kashif , Madhan Kumar Arumugam , Saleh Tawfik Abdo
Published: November 2021

Polyethyleneimine functionalized graphene oxide (PEI-GO) was prepared and characterized for its molecular structure and morphology. The PEI-GO is, for the first time, reported as an inhibitor against copper (Cu) corrosion in 0.5 M HCl using electrochemical studies. PEI-GO acts as a
promising corrosion inhibitor for Cu with 92.24% efficiency at 100 mgL−1. The PDP studies reveal a mixed type of inhibitor behavior of PEI-GO with cathodic prevalence. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the inhibition influence of PEI-GO on the redox process of Cu corrosion. SEM
and FTIR-ATR studies showed the creation of a protective layer on the Cu substrate. DFT studies revealed that the PEIGO exhibits better reactivity compared to parent PEI, and Monte Carlo simulations showed higher adsorption energy for PEI-GO on the Cu surface compared to the PEI.
Enhanced Conductivity in Highly Stretchable Silver and Polymer Nanocomposite Conductors
Authors: Jin Nam Hyun , Sun Kim Young , Jin Kim Yoon , Nam Su-Yong , Choa Sung-Hoon
Published: November 2021

In stretchable conductors, there is a trade-off relationship between the stretchability and conductivity which makes it difficult to increase both properties simultaneously. From a practical point of view, however, high conductivity is a more important parameter for real-world applications
of wearable and mobile electronics. To obtain a highly conductive stretchable conductor, we developed a stretchable conductor composed of silver (Ag) flat-type microparticles, Ag nanoparticles and a polyester binder. The printed stretchable conductor was then sintered using the intense pulse
light sintering technique. The effects of different mixing ratios of Ag flat-type particles and nanoparticles on dispersibility, printability, surface properties, conductivity, and stretchability were examined. Increasing the content of Ag-flat type particles in the composite improved dispersibility,
printability, and conductivity. The stretchable conductor exhibited the outstanding conductivity of 5.5×106 S/m. Increasing the Ag nanoparticles content increased the stretchability of the conductor. As the nanoparticle content increased to 30%, the stretchable conductor showed
the excellent stretchability of 210%, and withstood 2,600 repeated stretching cycles at a fixed tensile strain of 50%. The conductors also exhibited superb foldability during 10,000 repeated folding tests, up to a radius of 1 mm, without any failures.
An Experimental Study on the Rheological Behavior of Carbon Black–Boron Nitride Hybrid Nanofluids and Development of a New Correlation
Authors: Michael M. , Zagabathuni Aparna , Kumar Pabi Shyamal , Ghosh Sudipto
Published: November 2021

Hybrid nanofluids, a new class of nanofluid has the ability to further enhance the thermo-physical properties by balancing the benefits of both kinds of nanomaterials as compared with nanofluids synthesized using only one kind of material. In this work, water-based nanofluids containing
suspensions of carbon black (CB)–boron nitride (BN) (mass ratio = 50:50) nanoparticles are synthesized and studied for its rheological properties. The viscosity of CB–BN nanofluids are measured at temperatures between 30 °C–60 °C for volume concentrations 0.25 to
2 vol.%. The viscosity shows an increase with increasing particle concentration and decreases with temperature. A non-Newtonian nature with a dilatant behavior in the shear rate range of 5.4 s−1 to 130 s−1 is observed for all concentrations and temperatures.
Also, it follows a power law model and its parameters, i.e., power index and consistency index are obtained by the curve fitting method. The non-Newtonian nature intensifies at low temperatures and concentrations. A new correlation is developed to predict the viscosity of CB–BN hybrid
nanofluids.
Research on Photoelectric Responses of SnO2 Film to Humidity Under UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Tao Jiayou , Tang Longtao , Zou Zhijun , Liao Gaohua , Li Chang , Wang Jifei , Qi Xiang
Published: November 2021

In this work, to research the photoelectric responses to humidity using a semiconductor film, an ultraviolet (UV) light induced device has been investigated on SnO2 film at room temperature. Screen printing method was used to prepare SnO2 film on the Al2O3
substrate. The crystalline structure and morphology of SnO2 was characterized with XRD and FE-SEM. The UV light induced photoelectric responses of SnO2 to a constant humidity (20% RH) were evaluated firstly under four different bias voltages. At 2 V bias voltage, the
photocurrent amplitude reaches 4.58 μA, which is higher than that of 0.2 V bias (0.27 μA). Then the photoelectric responses to different relative humidity conditions (20% RH, 40% RH and 60% RH) were tested. The results display that the photocurrent decreased while the relative
humidity increased. To illustrate the anomaly current of SnO2 film at 60% RH, the darkcurrent to different relative humidity conditions (20% RH, 40% RH and 60% RH) were also tested. To make clear these results, corresponding probable illustration was proposed.
Efficient Conversion of Levulinic Acid to Methyl Levulinate Over SO2−4/SnO2 Nanocatalysts
Authors: Mathivanan Durai , Mani Durai , Saranraj Kumaravel , Archana Saravanan , Sengottaiyan Chinnasamy , Chang Ho
Published: November 2021

The present work focus on the synthesis of x% SO2−4 loaded SnO2 nanocatalyst at different percentages (x = 2.3, 4.6, 6.9, 9.2, and 11.5% w/w) for acid-catalyzed esterification. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), temperature-programmed desorption, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) techniques. Methyl levulinate is an important
chemical feedstock and its production through a catalytic route has been explored in this work. All the synthesized catalysts show excellent catalytic activity towards liquid-phase esterification of levulinic acid (LA) in atmospheric pressure under non-corrosive and mild conditions. The various
reaction parameters like the effect of sulfate content, reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants, and prepared catalyst weights are optimized to get the highest conversion and selectivity of methyl levulinates. Among them, as prepared 6.9% SO2−4
/SnO2 catalyst exhibits the highest conversation of levulinic acid (98%) and more selectivity towards methyl levulinate (100%). The catalytic stability and recyclability of the most active nanocatalysts were performed up to five successive runs and proves less variation in the catalytic
activity.
Observations and Simulated Mechanisms of Elevation-Dependent Warming over the Tropical Andes
Authors: Chimborazo Oscar , Minder Justin R. , Vuille Mathias
Published: November 2021

Many mountain regions around the world are exposed to enhanced warming when compared to their surroundings, threatening key environmental services provided by mountains. Here we investigate this effect, known as elevation-dependent warming (EDW), in the Andes of Ecuador, using observations and simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. EDW is discernible in observations of mean and maximum temperature in the Andes of Ecuador, but large uncertainties remain due to considerable data gaps in both space and time. WRF simulations of present-day (1986–2005) and future climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for 2041–60) reveal a very distinct EDW signal, with different rates of warming on the eastern and western slopes. This EDW effect is the combined result of multiple feedback mechanisms that operate on different spatial scales. Enhanced upper-tropospheric warming projects onto surface temperature on both sides of the Andes. In addition, changes in the zonal mean midtropospheric circulation lead to enhanced subsidence and warming over the western slopes at high elevation. The increased subsidence also induces drying, reduces cloudiness, and results in enhanced net surface radiation receipts, further contributing to stronger warming. Finally, the highest elevations are also affected by the snow-albedo feedback, due to significant reductions in snow cover by the middle of the twenty-first century. While these feedbacks are more pronounced in the high-emission scenario RCP8.5, our results indicate that high elevations in Ecuador will continue to warm at enhanced rates in the twenty-first century, regardless of emission scenario.

Significance Statement

Mountains are often projected to experience stronger warming than their surrounding lowlands going forward, a phenomenon known as elevation-dependent warming (EDW), which can threaten high-altitude ecosystems and lead to accelerated glacier retreat. We investigate the mechanisms associated with EDW in the Andes of Ecuador using both observations and model simulations for the present and the future. A combination of factors amplify warming at mountain tops, including a stronger warming high in the atmosphere, reduced cloudiness, and a reduction of snow and ice at high elevations. The latter two factors also favor enhanced absorption of sunlight, which promotes warming. The degree to which this warming is enhanced at high elevations in the future depends on the greenhouse gas emission pathway.
Suicidality and Associated Factors Among Individuals Assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan in Canada
Authors: Flannigan Katherine , McMorris Carly , Ewasiuk Amanda , Badry Dorothy , Mela Mansfield , Ben Gibbard W. , Unsworth Kathy , Cook Jocelynn , Harding Kelly D.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of complex neurodevelopmental, psychological, and socioenvironmental vulnerabilities. There is growing evidence that suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide are significant concerns within this population. In this study, we (1) determined the rate of suicidal ideation/attempts in a large group of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) who were assessed for FASD in Canada and (2) investigated the associations between suicidal ideation/attempts and select demographic and biopsychosocial factors in this group.

Method

A secondary analysis of data from Canada's National FASD Database, a national repository of clinical information gathered through FASD assessment and diagnostic clinics across the country, was conducted. Descriptive analyses, chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, and binary logistic regression were used to examine demographic and biopsychosocial variables and their associations with suicidality.

Results

In our sample of 796 participants ( Mage = 17.7 years, range = 6–59; 57.6% male) assessed for FASD, 25.9% were reported to experience suicidal ideation/attempts. Numerous demographic and biopsychosocial factors were found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation/attempts. The strongest associations with suicidal ideation/attempts were substance use, history of trauma/abuse, and impaired affect regulation.

Conclusions

With this study, we contribute to the emerging evidence of elevated risk of suicidality among individuals with PAE/FASD and improve our understanding of factors that may exacerbate this risk. Findings have relevance for improving screening, prevention, and proactive treatment approaches for individuals with PAE and FASD, their families, and wider support systems.
“That’s Just a Part of Growing Up”: A Study of Non-formal Educators’ Lay Theories of Adolescence
Authors: Davis William J. , Cox Milira , Tevington Patricia , Brown Urban Jennifer , Linver Miriam R.
Published: November 2021

This instrumental case study explored non-formal educators’ lay theories of adolescence using the case of the Boy Scouts of America’s Scouts BSA program, a co-ed program serving youth between the ages of 11 and 17. We conducted an iterative analysis of 110 structured interviews with Scouts BSA adult volunteer leaders who served as scoutmasters or assistant scoutmasters. Results indicated that participants discussed adolescence in terms of youth characteristics as well as processes youth underwent during their adolescent years. These adults sometimes viewed adolescence as idiosyncratic, identifying differences in learning, behavior, and family situations among youth, particularly those whom they had identified as exhibiting specific challenges like autism. The results also illustrated relationships between the program and lay theories of adolescence. Namely, core Scouts BSA programmatic structures and expectations such as operating the patrol/troop method hierarchies, building leadership skills, camping or outdoor activities, and including all youth in activities influence participants’ own views of adolescence, including their views of adolescence as a time to cultivate maturity and independence. The study concludes with a brief discussion of results and limitations of the study, including recommendations for training and additional research.
Analysis of predictors of mortality after surgical and non-surgical management in proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Garcia-Reza Alejandro , Dominguez-Prado Diego Matias , Iglesias-Nuñez Constantino , Alvarez-Alvarez Lucia , Hernandez-Gonzalez Beatriz , Balvis-Balvis Patricia , Fernandez-Fernandez Daniel , Castro-Menendez Manuel
Published: November 2021

Background

Proximal humerus fractures are one of the main osteoporotic fractures. Choosing between conservative or surgical treatment is a controversial topic in the literature, as is the functional impact. The main aim of our study was to analyse whether patient comorbidities should influence the final therapeutic decision for these fractures.

Material and methods

We collected data from 638 patients with proximal humerus fractures. The main variable collected was exitus. We also collected the following data: age, gender, type of fracture, laterality, type of treatment, production mechanism, comorbidities and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) for each patient. The therapeutic indication used the criteria established by the Upper Limb Unit in our centre. We performed chi-square tests, Fischer’s exact tests and Student’s t-tests to compare the variables. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to analyse both the overall and disease-specific survival rates. We employed the Cox regression model to analyse factors associated with mortality.

Results

Patients with a CCI greater than 5 showed greater mortality (HR  = 3.83; p  < 0.001) than those with a CCI lower than 5. Within the patients who underwent surgery, those with a CCI higher than 5 had an increased mortality rate (HR  = 22.6; p < 0.001) compared with those with a CCI lower than 5. Within the patients who received conservative treatment, those with a CCI over 5 showed greater mortality (HR  = 3.64; p  < 0.001) than those with a CCI under 5.

Conclusions

Patients with proximal humerus fractures and associated comorbidities (CCI > 5) presented higher mortality than healthier patients. This mortality risk was greater in patients with comorbidities if surgical treatment was indicated rather than conservative treatment. Patient’s comorbidities should be a fundamental parameter when planning the therapeutic strategy.

Level of evidence

Level 3.
Parent-reported measure of repetitive behavior in Phelan-McDermid syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Condy Emma , Carmody Erin , Filip-Dhima Rajna , Kapur Kush , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Powell Craig M. , Soorya Latha , Thurm Audrey , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Sahin Mustafa , Kolevzon A﻿lexander ,   on behalf of Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium, Sahin Mustafa , Kolevzon Alexander , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Kravis Elizabeth Berry , Soorya Latha , Thurm Audrey , Powell Craig , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Warfield Simon , Dies Kira , Siper Paige , Hanson Ellen , Phillips Jennifer M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Phelan McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with a high prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study provides a more comprehensive and quantitative profile of repetitive behaviors within the context of ID seen with the condition.

Methods

Individuals age 3–21 years with a confirmed PMS diagnosis participated in a multicenter observational study evaluating the phenotype and natural history of the disorder. We evaluated data collected from this study pertaining to repetitive behaviors from the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised (RBS-R).

Results

There were n = 90 participants who were part of this analysis. Forty-seven percent (n = 42/90) were female, and the average age at baseline evaluation was 8.88 ± 4.72 years. The mean best estimate IQ of the cohort was 26.08 ± 17.67 (range = 3.4–88), with n = 8 with mild ID (or no ID), n = 20 with moderate ID, and n = 62 with severe-profound ID. The RBS-R total overall score was 16.46 ± 13.9 (compared to 33.14 ± 20.60 reported in previous studies of ASD) (Lam and Aman, 2007), and the total number of items endorsed was 10.40 ± 6.81 (range = 0–29). After statistical correction for multiple comparisons, IQ correlated with the RBS-R stereotypic behavior subscale score (rs = − 0.33, unadjusted p = 0.0014, adjusted p = 0.01) and RBS-R stereotypic behavior total number of endorsed items (rs = − 0.32, unadjusted p = 0.0019, adjusted p = 0.01). IQ did not correlate with any other RBS-R subscale scores.

Conclusions

The RBS-R total overall score in a PMS cohort appears milder compared to individuals with ASD characterized in previous studies. Stereotypic behavior in PMS may reflect cognitive functioning.
Measurement of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold in critically ill patients – a randomized observational pilot study
Authors: Schick Benedikt , Mayer Benjamin , Walter Steffen , Gruss Sascha , Stitz Ronald , Stitz Pauline , Barth Eberhard
Published: November 2021

Background

Pain detection and treatment is a major challenge in the care of critically ill patients, rendered more complex by the need to take into consideration the risk of insufficient or excessive analgesia. The nociceptive flexion reflex threshold (NFRT) has become the established basis for measuring the level of analgesia in the perioperative context. However, it remains unclear whether NFRT measurement can be usefully applied to mechanically ventilated, analgosedated critically ill patients who are unable to communicate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between the NFRT measurement and the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) in critically ill, analgosedated, and mechanically ventilated patients and whether the NFRT measurement can also detect potential excessive analgesia.

Methods

This prospective, observational, randomized single-center pilot study included patients admitted to the surgical Intensive Care Unit of University Hospital Ulm, Germany, all of whom were analgosedated and intubated. Major exclusion criteria were defined as the need for the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents or neurological diseases associated with peripheral nerve conduction restriction. Initial NFRT and BPS measurements were conducted within 12 h after admission. A structured pain assessment was performed at least twice daily until extubation throughout the observation period thereafter (Group A: BPS + NFRT, Group B: BPS).

Results

114 patients were included in the study. NFRT is associated negatively with BPS. NFRT was almost twice as high in patients with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score of -5 than in patients with a RASS score ≥ -4 (RASS -5 – NFRT: 59.40 vs. RASS -4 – NFRT: 29.00, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

NFRT measurement is associated negatively with the BPS in critically ill patients. NFRT measurement provides guidance for the evaluation of nociceptive processes in patients with RASS scores ≤ −4, in whom analgesia level is often difficult to assess. However, in order to identify excessive analgesia and derive therapeutic consequences, it is necessary to gradually decrease analgesics and sedatives until a stimulus threshold is reached at which the patient does not feel pain.

Trial Registration

Retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register, registration number DRKS00021149, date of registration: March 26, 2020. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00021149.
Molecular profiling of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas: the MULTISARC randomized trial
Authors: Italiano Antoine , Dinart Derek , Soubeyran Isabelle , Bellera Carine , Espérou Hélène , Delmas Christelle , Mercier Noémie , Albert Sabrina , Poignie Ludivine , Boland Anne , Bourdon Aurélien , Geneste Damien , Cavaille Quentin , Laizet Yec’han , Khalifa Emmanuel , Auzanneau Céline , Squiban Barbara , Truffaux Nathalène , Olaso Robert , Gerber Zuzana , Wallet Cédrick , Bénard Antoine , Blay Jean-Yves , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Deleuze Jean-François , Lucchesi Carlo , Mathoulin-Pelissier Simone ,   the MULTISARC study group
Published: November 2021

Background

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a heterogeneous group of rare tumors including more than 70 different histological subtypes. High throughput molecular analysis (next generation sequencing exome [NGS]) is a unique opportunity to identify driver mutations that can change the usual one-size-fits-all treatment paradigm to a patient-driven therapeutic strategy. The primary objective of the MULTISARC trial is to assess whether NGS can be conducted for a large proportion of metastatic STS participants within a reasonable time, and, secondarily to determine whether a NGS-guided therapeutic strategy improves participant’s outcome.

Methods

This is a randomized, multicentre, phase II/III trial inspired by the design of umbrella and biomarker-driven trials. The setting plans up to 17 investigational centres across France and the recruitment of 960 participants. Participants aged at least 18 years, with unresectable locally advanced and/or metastatic STS confirmed by the French sarcoma pathological reference network, are randomized according to 1:1 allocation ratio between the experimental arm “NGS” and the standard “No NGS”. NGS will be considered feasible if (i) NGS results are available and interpretable, and (ii) a report of exome sequencing including a clinical recommendation from a multidisciplinary tumor board is provided to investigators within 7 weeks from reception of the samples on the biopathological platform. A feasibility rate of more than 70% is expected (null hypothesis: 70% versus alternative hypothesis: 80%). In terms of care, participants randomized in “No NGS” arm and who fail treatment will be able to switch to the NGS arm at the request of the investigator.

Discussion

The MULTISARC trial is a prospective study designed to provide high-level evidence to support the implementation of NGS in routine clinical practice for advanced STS participants, on a large scale.

Trial registration

clinicaltrial.gov NCT03784014.
Molecular genetic analysis and growth hormone response in patients with syndromic short stature
Authors: Sun Huihui , Li Na , Wan Naijun
Published: November 2021

Background

Syndromic short stature is a genetic and phenotypic heterogeneous disorder with multiple causes. This study aims to identify genetic causes in patients with syndromic short stature of unknown cause and evaluate the efficacy of the growth hormone response.

Methods

Trio-whole-exome sequencing was applied to identify pathogenic gene mutations in seven patents with short stature, multiple malformations, and/or intellectual disability. Whole-genome low-coverage sequencing was also performed to identify copy number variants in three patients with concurrent intellectual disability. Recombinant human growth hormone was administered to improve height in patients with an identified cause of syndromic short stature.

Results

Of the seven patients, three pathogenic/likely pathogenic gene mutations, including one FGFR3 mutation (c.1620C>A p.N540K), one novel GNAS mutation (c.2288C>T p.A763V), and one novel TRPS1 mutation (c.2527_c.2528dupTA p.S843fsX72), were identified in three patients. No copy number variants were identified in the three patients with concurrent intellectual disability. The proband with an FGFR3 mutation, a female 4 and 3/12 years of age, was diagnosed with hypochondroplasia. Long-acting growth hormone improved her height from 85.8 cm [− 5.05 standard deviation (SD)] to 100.4 cm (− 4.02 SD), and her increased height SD score (SDS) was 1.03 after 25 months of treatment. The proband with a GNAS mutation, a female 12 and 9/12 years of age, was diagnosed with pseudohypoparathyroidism Ia. After 14 months of treatment with short-acting growth hormone, her height improved from 139.3 cm (− 2.69 SD) to 145.0 cm (− 2.36 SD), and her increased height SDS was 0.33.

Conclusions

Trio-whole-exome sequencing was an important approach to confirm genetic disorders in patients with syndromic short stature of unknown etiology. Short-term growth hormone was effective in improving height in patients with hypochondroplasia and pseudohypoparathyroidism Ia.
Sex-specific effects of neonatal progestin receptor antagonism on juvenile social play behavior in rats
Authors: Forbes-Lorman R. M.
Published: November 2021

Developing mammals are exposed to progesterone through several sources; however, the role of progesterone in early development is not well understood. Males express more progestin receptors (PRs) than females within several brain regions during early postnatal life, suggesting that PRs may be important for the organization of the sex differences in the brain and behavior. Indeed, previous studies showed cognitive impairments in male rats treated neonatally with a PR antagonist. In the present study, we examined the role of PRs in organizing juvenile behaviors. Social play behavior and social discrimination were examined in juvenile male and female rats that had been treated with CDB, a PR antagonist, during the first week of postnatal life. Interestingly, neonatal PR antagonism altered different juvenile behaviors in males and females. A transient disruption in PR signaling during development had no effect on social discrimination but increased play initiation and pins in females. These data suggest that PRs play an important role in the organization of sex differences in some social behaviors.
Lnc-RP11-536 K7.3/SOX2/HIF-1α signaling axis regulates oxaliplatin resistance in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids
Authors: Li Qingguo , Sun Huizhen , Luo Dakui , Gan Lu , Mo Shaobo , Dai Weixing , Liang Lei , Yang Yufei , Xu Midie , Li Jing , Zheng Peiyong , Li Xinxiang , Li Yan , Wang Ziliang
Published: November 2021

Background

Resistance to oxaliplatin is a major obstacle for the management of locally advanced and metastatic colon cancer (CC). Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in CC, the relationships between lncRNAs and resistance to oxaliplatin have been poorly understood yet.

Methods

Chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant organoids were established from colon cancer tissues of the oxaliplatin-sensitive or -resistant patients. Analysis of the patient cohort indicated that lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 had a potential oncogenic role in CC. Further, a series of functional in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effects of lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 on CC proliferation, glycolysis, and angiogenesis. RNA pull-down assay, luciferase reporter and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays were used to confirm the interactions between lnc-RP11-536 K7.3, SOX2 and their downstream target HIF-1α.

Results

In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, lnc-RP11-536 K7.3, was associated with resistance to oxaliplatin and predicted a poor survival. Knockout of lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 inhibited the proliferation, glycolysis, and angiogenesis, whereas enhanced chemosensitivity in chemo-resistant organoids and CC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 recruited SOX2 to transcriptionally activate USP7 mRNA expression. The accumulative USP7 resulted in deubiquitylation and stabilization of HIF-1α, thereby facilitating resistance to oxaliplatin.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our findings indicated that lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 could promote proliferation, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and chemo-resistance in CC by SOX2/USP7/HIF-1α signaling axis. This revealed a new insight into how lncRNA could regulate chemosensitivity and provide a potential therapeutic target for reversing resistance to oxaliplatin in the management of CC.
Deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing deprescribing of anticholinergic and sedative drugs in a cohort of frail older people living in the community
Authors: Bergler Ulrich , Ailabouni Nagham J. , Pickering John W. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Mangin Dee , Nishtala Prasad S. , Jamieson Hamish ,   Sponsor-investigator
Published: November 2021

Background

Targeted deprescribing of anticholinergic and sedative medications in older people may improve their health outcomes. This trial will determine if pharmacist-led reviews lead to general practitioners deprescribing anticholinergic and sedative medications in older people living in the community.

Methods and analysis

The standard protocol items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist was used to develop and report the protocol. The trial will involve older adults stratified by frailty (low, medium, and high). This will be a pragmatic two-arm randomized controlled trial to test general practitioner uptake of pharmacist recommendations to deprescribe anticholinergic and sedative medications that are causing adverse side effects in patients.

Study population

Community-dwelling frail adults, 65 years or older, living in the Canterbury region of New Zealand, seeking publicly funded home support services or admission to aged residential care and taking at least one anticholinergic or sedative medication regularly.

Intervention

New Zealand registered pharmacists using peer-reviewed deprescribing guidelines will visit participants at home in the community, review their medications, and recommend anticholinergic and sedative medications that could be deprescribed to the participant’s general practitioner. The total use of anticholinergic and sedative medications will be quantified using the Drug Burden Index (DBI).

Outcomes

The primary outcome will be the change in total DBI between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include entry into aged residential care, prolonged hospitalization, and death.

Data collection points

Data will be collected at the time of interRAI assessments (T0), at the time of the baseline review (T1), at 6 months following the baseline review (T2), and at the end of the study period, or end of study participation for participants admitted into aged residential care, or who died (T3).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Human, Disability and Ethics Committee: ethical number (17CEN265).

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ACTRN12618000729224. Registered on May 2, 2018, with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
The first record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in Chişinӑu, Republic of Moldova, 2020
Authors: Șuleșco Tatiana , Bușmachiu Galina , Lange Unchana , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Lühken Renke
Published: November 2021

Background

In Europe, Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya virus and Dirofilaria nematodes and has been involved in local autochthonous circulation of dengue and Zika viruses. Due to the ongoing spread, targeted field surveillance at potential points of entry of invasive Aedes mosquitoes was initiated by the Republic of Moldova in 2020 as part of the transboundary “Invasive Aedes Mosquitoes COST-Action project.”

Methods

In 2020, ovitraps were positioned at each of three locations: the border crossing to Romania in Leuşeni (Hancesti region), Chişinӑu International Airport and Chişinӑu Botanical Garden.

Results

A total of 188 Aedes spp. eggs were collected at the Chişinӑu International Airport between August and September 2020. Twenty-three adults reared in the laboratory were identified morphologically as Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895), and 12 selected specimens were confirmed by molecular barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene region. In addition, one adult Ae. albopictus female at the same site was caught with a manual aspirator.

Conclusions

This is the first documented report of Ae. albopictus in the Republic of Moldova. The presence of immature and adult stages indicates the local reproduction of the species in the country. Therefore, it is crucial to extend and strengthen surveillance of the invasive Aedes mosquitoes to prevent Ae. albopictus and other exotic mosquito species from becoming established in the Republic of Moldova.

Graphical abstract
Germline HLA-B evolutionary divergence influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Lu Zhihao , Chen Huan , Jiao Xi , Wang Yujiao , Wu Lijia , Sun Huaibo , Li Shuang , Gong Jifang , Li Jian , Zou Jianling , Yang Keyan , Hu Ying , Mao Beibei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xiaotian , Peng Zhi , Lu Ming , Wang Zhenghang , Zhang Henghui , Shen Lin
Published: November 2021

Background

The human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) genotype has been linked with differential immune responses to infectious disease and cancer. However, the clinical relevance of germline HLA-mediated immunity in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains elusive.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the genomic profiling data from 84 metastatic GI cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) recruited from Peking University Cancer Hospital (PUCH). A publicly available dataset from the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center (MSK GI cohort) was employed as the validation cohort. For the PUCH cohort, we performed HLA genotyping by whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis on the peripheral blood samples from all patients. Tumor tissues from 76 patients were subjected to WES analysis and immune oncology-related RNA profiling. We studied the associations of two parameters of germline HLA as heterozygosity and evolutionary divergence (HED, a quantifiable measure of HLA-I evolution) with the clinical outcomes of patients in both cohorts.

Results

Our data showed that neither HLA heterozygosity nor HED at the HLA-A/HLA-C locus correlated with the overall survival (OS) in the PUCH cohort. Interestingly, in both the PUCH and MSK GI cohorts, patients with high HLA-B HED showed a better OS compared with low HLA-B HED subgroup. Of note, a combinatorial biomarker of HLA-B HED and tumor mutational burden (TMB) may better stratify potential responders. Furthermore, patients with high HLA-B HED were characterized with a decreased prevalence of multiple driver gene mutations and an immune-inflamed phenotype.

Conclusions

Our results unveil how HLA-B evolutionary divergence influences the ICB response in patients with GI cancers, supporting its potential utility as a combinatorial biomarker together with TMB for patient stratification in the future.
Recommendations on service delivery to help reduce suffering and anxiety in patients and caregivers post-hematopoietic cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Mohammed Jaleel , Bakhsh Hadeel R. , Craig Cliodhna , Hashmi Shahrukh K.
Published: November 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of having a central case managing team and to make some strong recommendations that can have a positive impact on the lives of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors.

Case presentation

A 2-year-old white child who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in May 2014 relapsed in March 2017, and underwent a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in July 2017, at which point he suffered from graft-versus-host disease. This case report presents his journey and that of his caregivers, and the challenges they faced as patient and parents in pursuit of optimal quality of life during the survivorship period. The case study emphasizes not only the challenges faced by patients but also identified gaps in post-hematopoietic cell transplantation care service delivery. Furthermore, the case study also highlights the importance of involving caregivers in post-transplant care and having a better communication process and service facilitation process throughout the journey of the patient and their carer.

Conclusions

Transplant centers have a duty of care, and a proactive approach with a well-defined pathway is needed for managing post-transplant complications and reducing stress and anxiety for patients and their caregivers.