bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique effect of aspirin on local 15‐oxo‐eicosatetraenoic acid synthesis in asthma patients with aspirin hypersensitivity
Authors: Szatkowski Piotr , Gielicz Anna , Stępień Adam , Hartwich Patryk , Kacorzyk Radosław , Plutecka Hanna , Ćmiel Adam , Trąd‐Wójcik Gabriela , Sanak Marek , Mastalerz Lucyna
Published: December 2024

Background

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs–exacerbated respiratory disease (NSAIDs‐ERD) is characterized by altered arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Aspirin hypersensitivity is diagnosed using aspirin challenge, while induced sputum is collected to perform cell counts and to identify local biomarkers in induced sputum supernatant (ISS). This study aimed to assess the levels of a newly identified eicosanoid, 15‐oxo‐eicosatetraenoic acid (15‐oxo‐ETE), in ISS at baseline and during aspirin‐induced bronchospasm in patients with NSAIDs‐ERD.

Methods

Oral aspirin challenge was performed in 27 patients with NSAIDs‐ERD and in 17 patients with aspirin‐tolerant asthma (ATA) serving as controls. Sputum was collected before and after aspirin challenge to determine eosinophil, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte counts as well as the concentration of AA metabolites via 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) and 5‐LOX pathways in ISS. Chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure ISS levels of 15‐oxo‐ETE, 15‐hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15‐HETE), and leukotriene E4 (LTE4).

Results

At baseline, ISS levels of 15‐oxo‐ETE were higher in NSAIDs‐ERD than in ATA (p = 0.04). In contrast, baseline 15‐HETE levels in ISS were lower in patients with NSAIDs‐ERD (p = 0.03). After aspirin challenge, 15‐oxo‐ETE levels decreased only in patients with NSAIDs‐ERD (p = 0.001) who developed bronchospasm. In both study groups, there was a reduction in sputum macrophage count after aspirin challenge (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively) irrespective of bronchospasm.

Conclusions

Patients with NSAIDs‐ERD are characterized by higher baseline 15‐oxo‐ETE levels in ISS than patients with ATA. Aspirin‐induced bronchospasm inhibited the local generation of 15‐oxo‐ETE.
Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis of Trapezoidal and Arc‐Shaped Membranes Mimicking the Organ of Corti
Authors: Doi Kentaro , Takeuchi Sho , Yamazaki Hiroki , Tsuji Tetsuro , Kawano Satoyuki
Published: December 2024

In a previous study [H. Shintaku et al., Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 158 (2010): 183–192], an artificially developed auditory sensor device showed a frequency selectivity in the range from 6.6 to 19.8 kHz in air and from 1.4 to 4.9 kHz in liquid. Furthermore, the sensor succeeded in obtaining auditory brain‐stem responses in deafened guinea pigs [T. Inaoka et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (2011): 18390–18395]. Since then, several research groups have developed piezoelectric auditory devices that have the capability of acoustic/electric conversion. However, the piezoelectric devices are required to be optimally designed with respect to the frequency range in liquids. In the present study, focusing on the trapezoidal shape of the piezoelectric membrane, the vibration characteristics are numerically and experimentally investigated. In the numerical analysis, solving a three‐dimensional fluid‐structure interaction problem, resonant frequencies of the trapezoidal membrane are evaluated. Herein, Young's modulus of the membrane, which is made of polyvinylidene difluoride and is different from that of bulk, is properly determined to reproduce the experimental results measured in air. Using the modified elastic modulus for the membrane, the vibration modes and resonant frequencies in liquid are in good agreement with experimental results. It is also found that the resonant characteristics of the artificial basilar membrane for guinea pigs are quantitatively reproduced, considering the fluid–structure interaction. The present numerical method predicts experimental results and is available to improve the frequency selectivity of the piezoelectric membranes for artificial cochlear devices.
Low Incidence of Cancer Recorded in the Galapagos Archipelago
Authors: Chisesi Stefano Nicolas , Rugge Massimo , Galli Giulia Raffaella , Manni Martina , Delgado Veronica Mishell Luzuriaga , Chisesi Teodoro , Ruiz Juan Carlos , Briones Rina Mariuxi Quinto , Siculella Luisa , Guzzinati Stefano , Zorzi Manuel , Federico Massimo , Iannone Anna
Published: December 2024

Background

Cancer incidence in the Galapagos archipelago is unknown.

Aim

In 2021, a task force including Ecuadorian and Italian researchers was established to estimate cancer incidence among the 25 244 Galapagos residents.

Methods

Registration covered all malignancies, including malignant melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers; case recording was based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. The data collection involved an active search across all relevant health institutions on the islands and the mainland. Mortality data were obtained from the Ecuador national mortality registry.

Results

From January 2013 and December 2019, 174 new cancer cases were recorded, including 134 malignancies (M:F = 58:76) and 40 non‐melanoma skin cancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years for males and 56 years for females. Prostate, gastric, and melanocytic malignancies were most incident among males; breast, thyroid, and cervical cancers prevailed in females. The age‐standardized incidence rates (ASR) were 80.39 for males and 99.24 for females with a mortality‐to‐incidence ratio 0.43. These ASRs were significantly lower than those reported in continental Ecuador and other South American countries.

Conclusions

This pilot cancer registration initiative in the Galapagos record a low incidence of malignancies and requires validation with temporal expansion of cancer registration. The environmental etiology of some of the most common cancers warrants strategic primary and secondary prevention efforts.
Decoding ESG Report Narratives: Unveiling Sustainable Supply Chain Insights and Impacts Through Textual Analysis
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Peng Yingbin , Yang Chen
Published: December 2024

This study explores industry‐specific sustainable supply chain (SSC) practices and their impact on firm value using textual analysis of 4791 ESG reports from S&P 500 companies. A novel SSC dictionary, developed using Word2Vec, highlights variations in SSC practices across eight dimensions—procurement, production, logistics, warehousing, distribution, transportation, retail, and supplier—across different industries. Regression analysis shows that emphasis on procurement and retail SSC practices positively correlates with firm value, with warehousing practices showing marginal significance. The research contributes to SSC literature by introducing a quantitative methodology linking SSC to corporate performance, offering practical insights for aligning supply chain sustainability with profitability.
The Dynamics of Performance Feedback and ESG Disclosure: A Behavioral Theory of the Firm Perspective
Authors: Seow Richard Yeaw Chong
Published: December 2024

While companies face increasing pressure from stakeholders to enhance their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) transparency, they are continually weighing the benefits and costs of ESG engagements. This study provides a novel exploration of how performance feedback impacts ESG disclosure among Malaysian public‐listed firms, utilizing the behavioral theory of the firm and performance feedback theory. Analyzing data from 72 companies over the period of 2018 to 2022, and employing a fixed effects model with cluster robust errors, the study reveals that firms underperforming relative to their financial aspirations tend to reduce ESG transparency. In contrast, firms that exceed their performance benchmarks show no significant increase in ESG disclosure. These findings underscore the nuanced relationship between financial performance and ESG reporting, offering valuable insights for corporate leaders and policymakers seeking to strengthen ESG frameworks and promote more consistent reporting practices.
ZSH‐2208: A novel retinoid with potent anti‐tumour effects on ESCC stem cells via RARγ–TNFAIP3 axis
Authors: Chen Ruoxue , Huang Xuan , Hou Jiayun , Ni Junjie , Zhao Wenrui , Li Quanlin , Jiao Heng , Cao Xin
Published: December 2024

Backgroud

Oesophageal cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumours globally, primarily consisting of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) accelerate the progression ESCC via their strong self‐renewal and tumourigenic capabilities, presenting significant clinical challenges due to increased risks of recurrence and drug resistance.

Methods

Our previous study has reported WYC‐209, which is capable of inducing apoptosis of CSCs in melanoma and hepatoma, but is ineffective against ESCC. Additionally, clinical studies in ESCC still lack drug candidates that effectively target CSCs. Therefore, our team developed a series of novel retinoids that target retinoic acid receptors (RARs), with enhanced potency, broader efficacy and minimised toxic side effects against CSCs. Following iterative optimisation and pharmacological validation, ZSH‐2208 was identified as the most promising candidate for effectively targeting ESCC tumour‐repopulating cells (TRCs). Mechanistic exploration revealed that ZSH‐2208 inhibits the growth of ESCC‐TRCs through modulation of the RARγ–TNFAIP3 axis. The clinical significance of the key molecule TNFAIP3 in ESCC has also been demonstrated.

Results

This study introduces ZSH‐2208, a novel retinoid specifically targeting ESCC‐TRCs, which holds significant potential for clinical application in ESCC.

Key points

The ESCC‐TRCs replicates the characteristics of ESCC stem cells, which are inhibited by ZSH‐2208.

In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that ZSH‐2208, a novel RA analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of ESCC‐TRCs through the RARγ–TNFAIP3 axis.

Low levels of TNFIP3 protein may be associated with improved survival probability in ESCC patients.
Reduction‐Responsive RGD‐Docetaxel Conjugate: Synthesis, In Vitro Drug Release and In Vitro Antitumor Activity
Authors: Li Qingqing , Liu Yufeng , Cheng Yilin , Cao Huaibao , Du Kunda , Zhu Tianyu , Xu Defeng , Hu Hang
Published: December 2024

Poor selectivity to tumor cells is a major drawback in the clinical application of the antitumor drug docetaxel (DTX). Peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) constructed by modifying antitumor drugs with peptide ligands that have high affinity to certain overexpressed receptors in tumor cells are increasingly assessed for their possibility of tumor‐selective drug delivery. In the present research, DTX is condensed with 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yldisulfanyl) propanoic acid via ester bond to obtain the intermediate Py‐SS‐DTX. Two conjugates GSS‐DTX and RGDC‐SS‐DTX were obtained by conjugation of Py‐SS‐DTX with glutathione (GSH) and RGDC peptide through a thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction. Afterwards, these two peptide–DTX conjugates were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The GSS‐DTX and RGDC‐SS‐DTX were further evaluated in terms of drug release, cell cycle inhibition, cell apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. The results show that both the GSS‐DTX and RGDC‐SS‐DTX exhibit reduction‐responsive drug release and RGDC‐SS‐DTX exhibit higher reduction‐responsiveness. The in vitro antitumor activity study shows that RGDC‐SS‐DTX exhibits enhanced G2/M phase arrest, cell apoptosis rate, and cytotoxicity as compared to GSS‐DTX and free DTX. Besides, RGDC‐SS‐DTX shows reduced cytotoxicity on normal cells as compared to free DTX. The RGDC‐SS‐DTX synthesized in this study represents a novel DTX conjugate to effectively and selectively inhibit tumor cells.
Rethinking Access to Evidence‐Based Treatments for Eating Disorders: A Commentary on Ali et al. 2024
Authors: Raykos Bronwyn C.
Published: December 2024

This commentary responds to the recent paper by Ali et al on the unmet treatment need for eating disorders. The commentary examines the ongoing barriers to accessing evidence‐based treatments for eating disorders and considers the example of Australian initiatives like the Medicare Benefit Scheme's Eating Disorder Plan, which offers subsidized psychological and dietetic services. A recent review of the plan revealed uptake has been low, with significant disparities in access, particularly in underserved populations and those in rural and remote areas. The commentary highlights new areas to guide our thinking about closing the treatment gap, such as the role of virtual and/or hybrid models of care delivery, digital health tools, improving how we communicate about what we do, and the importance of shifting from a top‐down approach to service design to human‐centered, co‐created models that better meet the needs of consumers. If we are to truly close the gap in the next 10 years, the landscape of eating disorder treatment requires bold, forward‐thinking solutions—solutions that are not only reflective of the real, lived experiences of those affected but are also continuously evaluated and refined as they scale.
Comparative study on the seismic performance of column‐supported silos: Single, row, and group configurations under different storage conditions
Authors: Yang Jinping , Li Qining , Zhang Tingyi , Jia Lingling , Li Peizhen
Published: December 2024

Grain plays a crucial role in a nation's economic security and public welfare, and the efficient storage of grain in group silos is essential for maintaining these reserves. As a global leader in grain production, consumption, and imports, China also holds a significant position in grain reserves. Based on shake table tests and actual case studies, this study explores the seismic mechanisms and failure modes of column‐supported group silos using the Abaqus finite element simulation method. This study includes shaking table test verification and a refined numerical simulation method for column‐supported silos. The dynamic responses, natural frequency, acceleration, and lateral pressure of storage material are analyzed to verify the rationality of numerical methods. Additionally, this study investigates the implementation and mechanisms of the material–structure interaction system in Abaqus, including the selection of material constitutive models, earthquake records, element size division, and grain–structure contact issues. Then, finite element models of different silo structures are built for single silos, row silos, and group silos. The modal shapes, natural frequencies, acceleration responses, relative displacement responses, and lateral pressure of storage material under the action of EL‐Centro waves, Kobe waves, and artificial waves are investigated to reveal the seismic response mechanisms of column‐supported silo structures under different storage material conditions. This research not only helps guide practical engineering design but also provides a scientific supplement to existing silo seismic theories.
Cataract blindness related falls among older adults: A prospective cohort study in Ghana
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Antwi Regina Adoma , Adanusa Madison , Kwarteng Michael Agyemang , Asiamah Randy , Afrifa‐Yamoah Ebenezer
Published: December 2024

Background

Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, can significantly impair visual function.

Purpose

This study investigated the association between cataract‐related falls among the elderly population in the Central region of Ghana.

Methods

The prospective cohort study among cataract patients aged 65 years and older, using purposive sampling to select facilities and consecutive sampling to recruit participants. 

Results

The study achieved a 40% successful follow‐up rate at 3 months post‐surgery. Among the 500 older adult patients, 131 (26.2%) reported falls before undergoing cataract surgery. Of the 200 patients who had 24.0% falls pre‐operatively, the prevalence of falls 3 months after surgical intervention was 16%. Demographics were not significantly associated with the risk of falling before cataract surgery (p > 0.05). However, participants with chronic conditions were 2.18 times more likely to fall than those without chronic conditions. Patients with hypertension (2.23 times) and diabetes (2.49 times) had higher risk of fall compared to those without these conditions. Additionally, patients with retinal conditions (2.86 times), and those with balance problems (1.86 times) were more prone to falling before surgical intervention than their counterparts without.

Conclusion

The study highlights the significant impact of cataract surgery in reducing fall prevalence among older adults.
Locked Dimerized CXCL12 Exerts Radiosensitizing Effects in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Espinosa Oscar Villarreal , Awan Musaddiq , Memon Abdullah A. , Frei Anne , Foeckler Jamie , Kuehn Rachel , Bruening Jennifer , Massey Becky , Wong Stuart , Shukla Monica , Kasprzak Julia , Joshi Amit , Dwinell Michael B. , Himburg Heather A. , Zenga Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents significant treatment challenges, particularly in cases unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV). The chemokine receptor CXCR4, interacting with its ligand CXCL12, plays a crucial role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This study explores the therapeutic potential of engineered monomeric and dimerized CXCL12 variants (CXCL121 and CXCL122, respectively) in HNSCC and evaluates potential additive effects when combined with radiation therapy.

Methods

Clinical HNSCC biopsies were evaluated for CXCR4 expression in both previously untreated and radiorecurrent disease. HNSCC cell lines were then treated with combinations of CXCL12 variants and radiotherapy and interrogated for proliferation, gene expression change, and underlying molecular mechanisms. In vivo studies evaluated the biodistribution of engineered CXCL12 and tested these treatments in humanized cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) models.

Results

CXCL122 significantly reduced HNSCC cell proliferation and enhanced the effects of radiotherapy, likely through biased agonism at the CXCR4 receptor and upregulation of the KISS1R pathway. In vivo, CXCL122 localized to tumor sites and augmented the effects of radiation to inhibit tumor growth.

Conclusions

CXCL122, in combination with radiation, demonstrates potent anti‐tumor effects in HNSCC. These findings support further clinical investigation of CXCL122 to enhance the effects of radiotherapy.
Sink or Swim? Empowering Trainees for Informal Learning to Improve Transfer and Distal Outcomes
Authors: Runnalls Blake A. , Blume Brian D. , Huang Jason L. , Wang Zhonghao , Ford J. Kevin
Published: December 2024

When employees begin a new job in a competitive sales environment, they have a lot to learn in a short period of time. Most organizations incorporate an employee orientation and formal training, but newcomers also learn informally while on the job. We examine the impact of informal field‐based learning (IFBL) on individual outcomes of 242 newcomer sales employees. We investigate how supervisor empowerment interacts with employees' goal orientation to impact IFBL, which serves as a conduit to further influence training transfer and employee outcomes (i.e., supervisor‐rated performance, promotion, and turnover). Results demonstrate that IFBL promotes formal training transfer, which influences newcomers subsequent job performance, promotion, and turnover. We also found that supervisor empowerment has an indirect effect on employee promotion and turnover sequentially through IFBL, training transfer, and performance, and this indirect effect is moderated by employee goal orientation. Practical implications for leveraging supervisor empowerment and tailoring support based on employee goal orientation are discussed.
Hydrophysical Properties of Peat in Undisturbed and Smelter‐Impacted Peatlands: Implications for Moss Recovery, Drought and Wildfire
Authors: McCarter Colin P. R. , Tutt Emma , Moore Paul A. , Furukawa Alex K. , Verkaik Gregory J. , Wilkinson Sophie L. , Whittington Pete , Waddington James M.
Published: December 2024

Peatlands are critical for global climate regulation storing approximately 500 Gt of carbon and accounting for 33% of global soil organic carbon. Regionally, these ecosystems provide essential wildfire resilience and are important pollutant sinks but degradation puts these key ecosystem services at risk. Smelting operations in Sudbury, ON, Canada, released approximately 12 000 t of particulate copper and nickel into the atmosphere between 1883 and 1969. Toxic metal and sulphur deposition on peatlands from smelting activities caused the widespread decline of keystone peatland moss species (i.e., Sphagnum) and altered peat properties. The changes in peat hydrophysical properties due to historical metal contamination likely reduce peatland resilience to drought and wildfires, thereby increasing the potential for toxic heavy metal remobilisation; however, these peat properties changes have yet to be quantified. We determine 1) how historical smelter pollution impacts peat hydrophysical properties by measuring bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention in the upper 40 cm of both undisturbed (located ~160 km outside the deposition region) and smelter‐impacted peatlands, 2) use these data to explore the vulnerability of these peatlands to wildfires and drought and 3) assess the potential for natural Sphagnum moss recovery. Smelter‐impacted peat had a significantly higher bulk density, lower macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity that drove large differences in modelled soil water tension profiles during simulated drying events. These differences in soil water tension and retention profiles resulted in the smelter‐impacted peat having a far greater proportion of the peat profile that would be susceptible to smouldering combustion than the undisturbed peat. Additionally, the smelter‐impacted peat properties likely contributed to the limited Sphagnum moss recovery, while concurrently increasing drought and wildfire risk. As such, we argue that contaminated peatland restoration is necessary to enhance Sphagnum moss recovery to mitigate toxic metal remobilisation risk from drought and wildfire.
A Triple Therapeutic Regiment Consisted of Colchicine, Thalidomide and Total Glucosides of Paeony Is Effective and Well‐Tolerated for Treating Mucocutaneous Involvement in Patients With Behcet's Disease
Authors: Cai Jian‐Fei , Wei Ya‐Rong , Chen Yong , Zou Jun , Yan Shen , Guan Jian‐Long
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a triple therapy consisting of colchicine, thalidomide and total glucosides of paeony (TGP) in Behcet's disease (BD) patients with mucocutaneous involvement.

Methods

Totally 355 newly diagnosed BD patients with mucocutaneous involvement were recruited, who received dexamethasone and colchicine for the first 2 weeks, then they were categorized into “sustained triple‐therapy (ST)” (n = 231) and “colchicine to triple‐therapy (CT)” (n = 124) groups respectively: for ST group, patients received colchicine, thalidomide plus TGP from Month (M)0.5 to M12; for CT group, patients received colchicine from M0.5 to M2, then switched to colchicine, thalidomide plus TGP from M3 to M12.

Results

The percentages of oral ulceration (at M1, M2) and genital ulceration (at M1) were lower in ST group compared to CT group, whereas there was no difference of other clinical manifestations (including uveitis, erythema nodosum, thrombosis, arterial involvement or nervous system involvement) at each time point between the two groups. For biochemical indexes, ESR was higher at M1 but rapidly reduced at M2 in ST group compared to CT group, while CRP level was similar at all time points between the two groups. For side effects, occurrences of drug‐related cytopenia and diarrhea were increased, in ST group compared to CT group.

Conclusions

A triple therapy consisting of colchicine, thalidomide and TGP is more effective and equally tolerated compared to colchicine alone in treating BD patients with mucocutaneous involvement.
Phenotypic and Allelic Frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) Blood Antigens in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nkansah Charles , Osei‐Boakye Felix , Appiah Samuel K. , Abbam Gabriel , Banyeh Moses , Daud Samira , Duneeh Richard V. , Bani Simon B. , Ukwah Boniface N. , Derigubah Charles A. , Usanga Victor U. , Appiah‐Kubi Emmanuel , Chukwurah Ejike F.
Published: December 2024

Background

ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most significant blood group systems recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion and are widely used for clinical and anthropological purposes. This systematic review determined the distribution and allelic frequency of ABO and Rh(D) antigens in Ghana.

Methods

Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, up to February 20, 2024, and included studies published from 2000 to 2024 in all regions of Ghana. The search terms used to retrieve the preferred literature were “Blood Group/Antigen” and “ABO and Rh(D)” and “Distribution/Frequency/Prevalence,” coupled with the names of the different regions/districts/municipalities in Ghana. Similar blood group individuals from all the regions were added, and countrywide data were gathered. The Hardy−Weinberg model was used to estimate the allelic frequency of blood antigens.

Results

Blood group O (54.72%) was the predominant group in the Ghanaian population, followed by B (21.74%), A (19.65%), and AB (3.89%). Rh(D) antigen was present in 92.28% of the population, and only 7.72% were Rh(D) negative. The calculated allelic frequencies of A, B, O, Rh(D) positive, and Rh(D) negative were 0.1227, 0.1376, 0.7397, 0.7222, and 0.2778 for IA(p), IB(q), i(r), ID(v), and Id(u), respectively.

Conclusion

The phenotypic frequency of the ABO blood group occurred in the pattern O>B>A>AB, and the prevalence of the Rh(D) negative blood group was 7.72% in Ghana. Future nationwide studies are recommended to assess the distribution of ABO, Rh, and other blood group systems.
Corporate Life Cycles and Analyst Recommendations
Authors: Al Hadi Ahmed , Alazzani Abdulsamad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between firm life cycle stages and analyst recommendations. Using a dataset covering 1995 to 2022, we refine the sample to 62,731 firm‐year observations and employ established models to create proxies for the corporate life cycle stages. The regression results reveal positive and significant associations between three life cycle stages—introduction, growth, and maturity (compared to shake‐out)—and analyst recommendations, while the decline stage (compared to shake‐out) is negatively associated with analyst recommendations. In an additional analysis, we find that financial distress impacts analyst recommendations, particularly in the introduction and decline stages, an association that reflects agency considerations and information asymmetry. An analysis of the interaction between analyst recommendations and corporate risk‐taking reveals varying effects across the life cycle stages. Risk‐taking and analyst recommendations positively interact in the introduction, growth, and decline stages, with a positive relationship in the maturity stage. These findings underscore the complex interplay between CLC dynamics, financial distress, risk‐taking behavior, and analyst recommendations and provide insights into market factors and information dynamics. Our results are robust using different measures of CLC, Tobit regression, and Firm‐Fixed Effect regression.
Influence of Ligand Complexity on the Spectroscopic Properties of Type 1 Copper Sites: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Ozuguzel Umut , Safaltin Serzat , Alpay S. Pamir , Alkadry Kenda , Nieman Reed , Korzeniewski Carol , Aquino Adelia J. A.
Published: December 2024

Multi‐copper oxidases (MCOs) are enzymes of significant interest in biotechnology due to their efficient catalysis of oxygen reduction to water, making them valuable in sustainable energy production and bio‐electrochemical applications. This study employs time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to investigate the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of the Type 1 (T1) copper site in Azurin, which serves as a model for similar sites in MCOs. Four model complexes of varying complexity were derived from the T1 site, including 3 three‐coordinate models and 1 four‐coordinate model with axial methionine ligation, to explore the impact of molecular branches and axial coordination. Calculations using ωB97X‐D3 functional, def2‐TZVP basis set, and conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) solvation model reproduced key experimental spectral features, with increased model complexity improving agreement, particularly for the ~400 cm−1 band splitting in resonance Raman spectra. This work enhances our understanding of T1 copper sites' electronic properties and spectra, bridging the gap between simplified models and complex proteins. The findings contribute to the interpretation of spectroscopic data in blue copper proteins and may inform future studies on similar biological systems.
Comparison of radiographic imaging quality/accuracy using photostimulable phosphor plates and metal oxide semiconductor receptors
Authors: Schwerter‐Medina Roberto , Ríos‐Kremer Sebastián , Rosas Cristian , Romero‐Araya Pablo , Aguilera Felipe‐Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Aim

To compare thequality and accuracy of radiographic images obtained by dentistry students from a Chilean university using photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) receptors.

Materials and methods

An experimental study was carried out in which 31 dental students used PSP and CMOS receptors to acquire radiographic images with the aid of a phantom. The time required to generate a radiograph was recorded. Image quality included sharpness/definition and brightness/contrast analysis. Accuracy assessed placement error, angulation errors, and cone cutting. A three‐point scale was used for each variable: 0 = undiagnosable, 1 = acceptable diagnosis with minor errors, and 2 = perfect diagnostic quality.

Results

The required time to generate a radiograph was faster with PSP than with CMOS (1.43 ± 0.28 min and 1.52 ± 0.61 min, respectively). Image quality analysis revealed that PSP was superior in sharpness/definition and brightness/contrast, whereas no significant differences were observed compared to CMOS (p > 0.05). Moreover, no differences were noticed in technique accuracy regarding angulation errors and cone cutting (p > 0.05). However, placement errors with PSP had significantly higher average scores than CMOS (1.11 ± 0.77 and 0.67 ± 0.85, respectively; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Dental students would benefit from being trained on both receptors to be able to adapt to a diversified workplace. Radiographic images obtained by dentistry students demonstrate that PSP and CMOS exhibit similar parameters regarding quality and accuracy, except in placement where PSP demonstrates greater accuracy.
Design, Synthesis, and Fungicidal Activities of Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing a Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Wang Hongtao , Du Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

To explore novel structures of strobilurin fungicides, a series of novel strobilurin derivatives featuring a substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole in the side chain were synthesized using an intermediate derivatization method and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The reactions involved in the synthesis process include hydrazine hydrolysis, cyclization, nucleophilic substitution reactions. The raw materials required for these reactions are readily available, and the procedures involved in the reaction process are straightforward. The fungicidal activities of the compounds were tested using the inhibition zone method. The inhibition rate of compound 5f on Magnaporthe oryzae was 81.8% at a concentration of 3.125 mg/L, and the EC50 value (0.3045 mg/L) was better than superior to that of kresoxim‐methyl (0.5247 mg/L).
Design and Analysis of High‐Performance Schottky Barrier β‐Ga2O3 MOSFET With Enhanced Drain Current, Breakdown Voltage, and PFOM
Authors: Alam Md Zafar , Khan Imran Ahmed , Amin S. Intekhab , Anam Aadil , Beg Mirza Tariq
Published: December 2024

In this article, a Schottky barrier β‐Ga2O3 MOSFET is proposed. It shows improvements in drain saturation current, Ion/Ioff ratio, transconductance, and off‐state breakdown voltage. The proposed design, which implements the Schottky barrier source and drain contacts, has led to reduced on‐state resistance (Ron), reduced forward voltage drops, faster switching speed, higher frequency, and improved efficiency. After device optimization, we determined that a source and drain having a work function of 3.90 eV result in the highest drain saturation current of (Ids) 264 mA. Additionally, in the transfer characteristics, we demonstrate that increasing the channel doping concentration led to a shift toward depletion mode operation, while decreasing the doping concentration moved the device toward enhancement mode at the cost of drain current. Analysis of lattice temperature and self‐heating effects on different substrates has also been performed. Furthermore, introducing a passivation layer of SiO2 as a gate oxide and an unintentionally doped (UID) layer of 400 nm doping concentration of 1.5 × 1015 cm−3, results in further significant improvements in the drain saturation current (Ids) of 624 mA and transconductance of 38.09 mS, approximately doubling their values compared with the device without a passivation layer of SiO2 and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 1015, and the device's performance at various substrate temperatures has been evaluated. In addition, the inclusion of a passivation layer of SiO2 improves the breakdown voltage to 2385 V, which is significantly high compared with the conventional device. Moreover, the lower specific‐on‐resistance Ron,sp of 7.6 mΩ/cm2 and higher breakdown voltage then the high‐power figure of merit (PFOM) (BV2/Ron,sp) of 748 MW/cm2 have been achieved.
What doesn't kill you makes you stronger? Evidence from vampire attacks on decentralized exchange and non‐fungible token marketplace
Authors: Zhao Xi , Li Jian , Wan Xiang (Shawn) , Zang Xinyu , Cheng Hsing Kenneth
Published: December 2024

We examine the impact of vampire attack, a unique platform entry strategy in the blockchain ecosystem, on the operational performance of the incumbent platform. During the vampire attack period, the entrant (attacker) clones the incumbent platform and offers tokenized incentives to entice users away from the incumbent. Prior studies offer little insight into the impact of vampire attack strategy because of its uniqueness in platform cloning, tokenized incentives, and targeted attacks. We implement a quasi‐experimental design by leveraging the first and most famous vampire attack launched by SushiSwap (the attacker) against Uniswap (the incumbent). We examine both the deposit‐side and exchange‐side impacts of the vampire attack on the operational performance of the liquidity pools on Uniswap. Surprisingly, we find that the vampire attack has no significant effect on the liquidity provision on the deposit side. Even more surprisingly, the vampire attack significantly increases the incumbent's trading volume on the exchange side. We further uncover the underlying mechanisms contributing to these intriguing results. We also demonstrate the efficacy of the novel tokenized incentives strategy. We show the generalizability of our findings by examining an alternative vampire attack event in the context of non‐fungible token marketplaces. Our study offers significant contributions to the literature on the implications of blockchain on platform operations and platform competition in operations management.
Preparation of a 1,1'‐Binaphthyl‐based Chiral Polyimine Macrocycle Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase by Thiol‐ene Click Reaction and Its Enantioseparation Performance in High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Wu Jia‐Lei , Yu Li‐Qin , Zhang Hua‐Can , Wang Bang‐Jin , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Yuan Li‐Ming
Published: December 2024

Chiral macrocycles have emerged as attractive media for chromatographic enantioseparation due to their excellent host‐guest recognition properties. In this study, a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on 1,1'‐binaphthyl chiral polyimine macrocycle (CPM) was reported. The CPM was synthesized by one‐step aldehyde‐amine condensation of (S)‐2,2'‐dihydroxy‐[1,1'‐binaphthalene]‐3,3'‐dicarboxaldehyde with 1,2‐phenylenediamine and bonded on thiolated silica via the thiol‐ene click reaction to afford the CSP. The enantioseparation performance of the CSP was evaluated by separating different types of racemates including alcohols, esters, ketones, amides, organic acids, and ethers in both normal‐phase (NP) and reversed‐phase (RP) elution modes. As a result, enantioseparations of 10 and 15 racemates were achieved in the two elution modes, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of chromatographic conditions on separation, such as mobile phase composition and injection mass, were studied in detail. Moreover, a comparison of the proposed CSP for the separation of the tested racemates with commercial Chiralcel OD‐H and Chiralpak AD‐H columns was also conducted, and results revealed that the proposed CSP can achieve some enantioseparations that cannot be achieved by the two commercial columns. This study indicates that the chiral macrocycle is a promising chiral selector for high‐performance liquid chromatography.
High specificity of an AI‐powered framework in cross‐checking male professional football anterior cruciate ligament tear reports in public databases
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Grimm Bernd , Mouton Caroline , Ley Christophe , Andersen Thor Einar , Seil Romain
Published: December 2024

Purpose

While public databases like Transfermarkt provide valuable data for assessing the impact of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in professional footballers, they require robust verification methods due to accuracy concerns. We hypothesised that an artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered framework could cross‐check ACL tear‐related information from large publicly available data sets with high specificity.

Methods

The AI‐powered framework uses Google Programmable Search Engine to search a curated, multilingual list of websites and OpenAI's GPT to translate search queries, appraise search results and analyse injury‐related information in search result items (SRIs). Specificity was the chosen performance metric—the AI‐powered framework's ability to accurately identify texts that do not mention an athlete suffering an ACL tear—with SRI as the evaluation unit. A database of ACL tears in male professional footballers from first‐ and second‐tier leagues worldwide (1999–2024) was collected from Transfermarkt.com, and players were randomly selected for appraisal until enough SRIs were obtained to validate the framework's specificity. Player age at injury and time until return‐to‐play (RTP) were recorded and compared with Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Elite Club Injury Study data.

Results

Verification of 231 athletes yielded 1546 SRIs. Human analysis of the SRIs showed that 335 mentioned an ACL tear, corresponding to 83 athletes with ACL tears. Specificity and sensitivity of GPT in identifying mentions of ACL tears in a player were 99.3% and 88.4%, respectively. Mean age at rupture was 26.6 years (standard deviation: 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.6–27.6). Median RTP time was 225 days (interquartile range: 96, 95% CI: 209–251), which is comparable to reports using data from the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study.

Conclusion

This study shows that an AI‐powered framework can achieve high specificity in cross‐checking ACL tear reports in male professional football from public databases, markedly reducing manual workload and enhancing the reliability of media‐based sports medicine research.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Far‐Field and Near‐Field Manipulation via Multipole Coupling Phenomenon in Van der Waals Metasurfaces
Authors: Prokhorov Alexei V. , Novikov Sergey M. , Gubin Mikhail Yu. , Kirtaev Roman V. , Shesterikov Alexander V. , Grudinin Dmitriy V. , Tatmyshevskiy Mikhail K. , Yakubovsky Dmitry I. , Zhukova Elena S. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Volkov Valentyn S.
Published: December 2024

The advent of a new era of flat optics is due to the optical metasurfaces, whose large number of degrees of freedom allowed one to fabricate various optical elements on a single technological platform. The use of van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, which have a remarkable combination of a high refractive index, record optical anisotropy and bright exciton resonances, can lead to operating regimes of metasurfaces that are unattainable for their dielectric counterparts. In this work, the degree of freedom related to the optical anisotropy is used for control of the balance and competition of modes of vdW resonators, leading to the observation of both the well‐known hybrid anapole effect and recently predicted octupole quasi‐trapped mode (OQTM) regime in the same metasurface. Using far‐field and near‐field analysis of the metasurface composed of disks, both the common and significantly different features of these two effects are demonstrated and it is found that the remarkable combination of narrow spectral features and strong energy localization makes OQTM‐supported vdW metasurfaces a much more attractive alternative for creating flat nanophotonic devices, including narrowband converters, light concentrators, as well as surface‐emitting lasers and nonlinear light converters.
Olive and Linseed Oil Blend‐Based Nanoemulsions Fortified With Ginger Extract Nutraceutical: Mitigating Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TGF‐β/MMP9 Signaling Pathway in Rats
Authors: Essa Hend A. , Hashim Ayat F. , Abdel‐Aziz Nahla N. , Mohamed Fatma El‐Zahraa Sayed , Ali Alaa M.
Published: December 2024

Liver fibrosis is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, making the identification of non‐toxic natural therapies to slow its progression essential. This study evaluated the anti‐fibrotic potential of a nutraceutical blend comprising extra virgin olive oil, linseed oil, and ginger extract, formulated in both emulsion and nanoemulsion forms, using a rat model of liver fibrosis. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and their particle size and stability were analyzed via the DLS method. Twenty‐four male albino rats were divided into four groups: normal control, CCl4‐treated, oil emulsion‐treated, and nanoemulsion‐treated. Liver fibrosis was induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), while the emulsions were administered daily alongside CCl4 for four weeks. Liver function indices, oxidative stress biomarkers, and gene expressions were assessed, along with histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The results revealed that both emulsions significantly improved liver function, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation. They downregulated pro‐fibrogenic markers (TGF‐β1, TIMP‐1) and upregulated anti‐fibrogenic markers (MMP9, HGF), leading to a reduction in liver fibrosis. The nanoemulsion exhibited superior efficacy compared to the emulsion. These findings demonstrate that the nutraceutical blend, particularly in nanoemulsion form, effectively attenuated liver fibrosis and improved hepatic health markers. This underscores its potential as a natural therapy for liver fibrosis and related conditions, emphasizing its nutritional value in supporting liver health.
Oxidative stress and cellular senescence: Roles in tumor progression and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Jin Ping , Feng Xu‐Dong , Huang Cheng‐Shuang , Li Jia , Wang Hui , Wang Xian‐Mei , Li Lei , Ma Lan‐Qing
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. It induces oxidative damage to cellular components including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and membranes, therefore intrinsically linking to aging‐related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress may promote tumor development by influencing various aspects of cellular senescence, such as its onset, pro‐inflammatory secretion, and alteration of cellular function and structure. Modulating oxidative stress to target cellular senescence offers a novel strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. However, a thorough grasp of the specific mechanisms at play is lacking. This review will present the association between oxidative stress and cellular senescence and their regulatory role in tumor progression and treatment, with emphasis on senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, immunosenescence and therapy‐induced senescence. Current agents and strategies that remove side effects of cellular senescence via killing senescent cancer cells or modulating oxidative stress to improve antitumor efficacy will be summarized. This review will help readers better understand the complex relationship between oxidative stress and senescence in cancer, and will also provide a basis for further research in this area.
Administration of a Selective Antagonist for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Hippocampus Causes Anxiolytic Effects in the Male Rat
Authors: Sato Kaito , Chiba Shuichi , Hatakeyama Taichi , Matsuwaki Takashi , Watanabe Gen , Kawaguchi Maiko
Published: December 2024

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) affects rodents' stress‐related behaviors, such as anxiety‐like behavior or fear conditioning. However, previous studies have investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular, but not hippocampal, injection of this PAC1R‐selective antagonist (PACAP‐6‐38) on anxiety‐like behavior. However, it has been reported that administration of PACAP‐6‐38 to the dorsal hippocampus reduces the fear response in a fear conditioning test. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the effect of dorsal hippocampal PACAP‐6‐38 injection in Sprague–Dawley rats can affect anxiety‐like behavior assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test. As a result, rats treated with PACAP‐6‐38 spent longer time in open arms than those with saline, suggesting that this drug has an anxiolytic effect. In conclusion, the role of PACAP in the dorsal hippocampus can promote anxiety‐like behavior.