bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'Topos' and Utopia in Evgenios Voulgaris' Life and Work (1716-1806)
Authors: Carras Iannis C.
Published: March 2015

One of the central figures of the Enlightenment in the Greek world, Evgenios Voulgaris (1716-1806) has been criticised for becoming increasingly reactionary in later years. This article argues that an understanding of the importance of place and movement in Voulgaris' world -as also in his world-view- helps explain elements of continuity and change in his writings more generally.

Rather than a shift from enlightenment to reaction, the article depicts a slow progression from an early Voulgaris intent -both in his writings and in the Athos Academy- on fusing Orthodoxy and Enlightenment, to a later Voulgaris less intent on creating a rational system out of the many influences on his thought and more insistent on the creation of a place for the Graikoi, liberated from the Ottomans.

The complex inter-relation between the geographic, political and social conditions and the thought processes of one particular individual are examined. Given these conditions, and bearing in mind the dangers of a crude geographic determinism, Voulgaris' attempts to reconcile, indeed create a rational system out of the many influences on his thought, present considerable interest but were inevitably unlikely to succeed.
British Philhellenism and the Historiography of Greece: A Case Study of George Finlay (1799-1875)
Authors: Potter Liz
Published: March 2015

This article offers a case study of George Finlay, a British philhellene whose intellectual make-up deserves more attention than it has previously been given (1). Unlike many Western European philhellenes who returned home disillusioned with Greece, Finlay spent his life in Athens (2); and unlike the overwhelmingly classicising Hellenism of his British contemporaries, his was a Hellenism that insisted on the interest and instructiveness of the history of Greece from the Roman period onwards (3). From a study of his History of Greece BC 146 to AD 1864 (4), and an analysis of its influences (5) and its uses (6), the article portrays Finlay as a complex, supple and interesting thinker. He is of particular interest to the nineteenth-century historian of political ideas for the ways in which he inherited and re-shaped ideas associated with civic virtue, philosophic history and contemporary liberalism.
H.W. Lack with D.J. Mabberley, The Flora Graeca Story
Authors: Krimbas Costas B.
Published: March 2015

No abstracts
L'aube des Lumières dans les pays roumains
Authors: Bouchard Jacques
Published: March 2015

En y introduisant le concept de l'aube des Lumières, l'auteur propose une périodisation des Lumières dans les pays roumains qui remet en question la périodisation des Lumières chez les Grecs. La Frühaufklärung (1680-1780) s'avère une conjoncture de forces progressistes qui prônent la modernisation de l'appareil étatique, des institutions, de la langue et de l'éducation. L'auteur y distingue quatre périodes: 1. l'Église triomphante (1680-1710); 2. l'Absolutisme raisonné (1710-1730); 3. le Despotisme éclairé (1730-1780) et 4. l'Église militante (1695-1780). L'Aufklärung proprement dite ne commence qu'en 1780: elle aspire à réaliser en plus l'émancipation nationale et l'indépendance politique.
Antiquarianism, Patriotism and Empire: Transfers of the Cartography of The Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece (1788-1811)
Authors: Tolias George
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to present an instance of cultural transfer within the field of late Enlightenment antiquarian cartography of Greece, examining a series of maps printed in French and Greek, in Paris and Vienna, between 1788 and 1811 and related to Abbé Barthélemy's Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece. The case study analyses the alterations of the content of the work and the changes of its symbolic functions, alterations due first to the transferral of medium (from a textual description to a cartographic representation) and next, to the successive transfers of the work in diverse cultural environments. The transfer process makes it possible to investigate some aspects of the interplay of classical studies, antiquarian erudition and politics as a form of interaction between the French and the Greek intelligentsia of the period.
A Survey of Studies on Adamantios Korais During the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Franghiscos Emmanuel N.
Published: March 2015

With the exception of a biographical entry on Adamantios Korais (1748-1833) published in 1836 by the Hellenist G. R. L. de Sinner in Paris and of a university discourse by Professor Pericles Argyropoulos, published in 1850 in Athens, scholars and intellectuals in the newly founded kingdom of Greece had not included Korais among their research priorities. Eventually the academic foundations of research on Korais would be laid in the decade 1871-80. The Chiot merchants of Marseille in collaboration with a corresponding committee in Athens planned, among other manifestations honouring their compatriot Korais, the publication of his unpublished writings and his correspondence. The year 1881 saw the inauguration of the series Posthumously found writings with a volume edited by A. Mamoukas, who included a long biographical introduction. In 1885-6 Korais' correspondence was published by Professor N. Damalas. Earlier, in 1877, in Paris from among the ranks of the "Association pour l'encouragement des études grecques en France", neohellenists Brunet de Presle and the Marquis de Queux de Saint-Hilaire had published Korais' correspondence with the classicist Chardon de la Rochette during the French Revolution and with a number of other distinguished French philologists. In a separate edition they published his correspondence with the Swiss philosopher P. Prevost, and Queux de Saint-Hilaire translated and published in French in 1880 Korais' correspondence with the Precentor of Smyrna D. Lotos during the Revolutionary period. In 1889-90 the Greek journalist in Trieste, D. Therianos, published a three-volume biography of Korais, which represents the most important milestone in Korais studies during the nineteenth century. Among more partial approaches to Korais' life and work after Therianos, mention should be made of a critical study in 1903 by the diplomat scholar I. Gennadios, who called Damalas' edition of Korais' correspondence a shame for Greek letters. Although it was too early for nineteenth century authors to see Korais in the perspective of the European Enlightenment, they nevertheless have left important general synthetic works and prepared the ground for subsequent fuller editions of his correspondence.
David Mitrany and South-East Europe: The Balkan Key to World Peace
Authors: Ashworth Lucian M.
Published: March 2015

Today David Mitrany is best known for his work on international functionalism, which influenced the development of European integration and the organisation of United Nations specialised agencies. What is often ignored in the West is his work on South-East Europe. During the inter-war period Mitrany studied both the operation of war government and the subsequent peasant revolution in the Balkans. War government demonstrated that political organisation could bridge the gap between social action and private property, while the peasant social revolution showed that the abstract economics associated with both capitalist and Marxist economics was not applicable outside of urban industrial production. It was through his studies of South-East Europe that Mitrany drew many of the lessons and concepts that were to form the foundations of his international theory.
The Exemplary Life of Dimitrios Vikelas (1835-1908)
Authors: Smith Michael Llewellyn
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the "satisfying curve" of Dimitrios Vikelas' life journey, starting from Syros in 1835, moving via Constantinople, Odessa, and Syros again, to London, Paris and finally Athens. It explores Vikelas' multiple aspects, as merchant, writer, traveller, lecturer and essayist, Olympic founder, educationalist, book collector and philanthropist, all of which were united in the public-spirited man of letters (logios). It sets Vikelas in the context of the Greek commercial diaspora, the world of the London expatriate Greek community, and the dynamic society of late nineteenth-century Athens, beginning in the 1870s to act as a magnet to Greek expatriates. The author stresses two qualities of Vikelas: his belief in the idea of a progressive Greek state marked by advances in education, culture, tourism and standards of public life; and the self-awareness and experience which inform his autobiographical writings, not only his memoir My Life but also his last such work, The War of 1897.
La fondation de la ville du Pirée (1833-1838)
Authors: Marre Sebastien
Published: March 2015

Cet article présente la fondation de la ville du Pirée moderne entre 1833 et 1838 à la lumière d'archives inédites issues du fonds du ministère grec de l'Intérieur de l'époque du roi Othon Ier conservé aux Archives générales de l'État à Athènes. Cette documentation montre comment l'immigration vers le Pirée a été largement canalisée par l'administration grâce à la constitution de colonies de peuplement (synoikismoi). Elle met en évidence un modèle original de fondation d'une ville portuaire en Méditerranée orientale, sortie littéralement du néant. On y voit la constitution d'une communauté d'habitants avec le rôle essentiel des originaires de Chios puis d'Hydra qui forment les deux groupes principaux, à la fois séparés et réunis dans la nouvelle ville puisque chacun a son quartier, sa paroisse, son église.
L'esthétique du paysage grec chez Edgar Quinet
Authors: Argyropoulos Roxane D.
Published: March 2015

Dans l'horizon intellectuel du début du XIXe siècle, on observe de nouvelles approches sur le paysage qui sont le corollaire du goût de l'époque pour l'exotisme et sa tendance au relativisme historique. Nous y assistons à "une poétique des ruines" dans laquelle les ruines, tout en perdant la fonction première pour laquelle ces constructions du passé avaient été conçues, font surgir tout un monde vivant dans un aujourd'hui fait de réminiscences. Edgar Quinet, en évoquant son séjour en Grèce, présente une réflexion sur l'hellénisme qui se caractérise par une longue et progressive appréhension des paramètres du monde grec en tant qu'entité culturelle, en rendant présente toute sa polyphonie historique et esthétique. Υ sa manière, il adopte l'optique herdérienne de l'intériorisation, mais à la différence de Herder, il n'abandonne pas tout à fait la perception extérieure des choses qui correspond à la raison des Lumières. Υ la suite de Georg Friederich Creuzer, son maître à Heidelberg, le jeune Quinet historicise le langage symbolique, et voit dans le symbole et le mythe un langage spontané. Il tend à comprendre la compénétration des arts et de la nature, et il choisit de retenir la configuration spatiale et de décrire les vestiges des monuments pour arriver au temps passé.

 
Sylvia Kedourie (ed.), Elie Kedourie's Approaches to History and Political Theory: "The Thoughts and Actions of Living Men"
Authors: Lekas Padelis E.
Published: March 2015

No abstract
E. A. Freeman (1823-1892), a Neglected Commentator on Byzantium and Modern Greece
Authors: Stephenson Paul
Published: March 2015

E. A. Freeman, principally known as an historian of medieval Europe, is a neglected pioneer of Byzantine history. He was among the leading British commentators on the "Eastern Question". His friendship with George Finlay, reflected in letters preserved at the British School at Athens, informed his analysis of Greece and South-East Europe. He travelled and lectured widely throughout his life, publishing prolifically and repetitiously. However, he never published an overview of Greek history, leaving unfinished manuscripts. His writings demonstrate his commitment to "universal history" and to contemporary racial theories. He considered the Greeks to be a superseded strain of the Aryan race, whose potency had been bequeathed to the Teutons, and more particularly to the English.
The Anti-Semitic Disturbances on Corfu and Zakynthos in 1891 and their Socio-political Consequences
Authors: Liata Eftychia
Published: March 2015

The text below is a summary of my book Η Κέρκυρα και η Ζάκυνθος στον κυκλώνα του αντισημιτισμού. Η συκοφαντία για το αίμα του 1891 [Corfu and Zakynthos in a tornado of anti-Semitism: the ghezera of 1891], published in 2006 by the Institute for Neohellenic Research / NHRF, on the subject of the anti-Semitic incidents that broke out in the Spring of 1891 on those two Ionian Islands. Based on hitherto unknown archival material (public documents, diary entries, private texts) and press publications of the day, while at the same time making use of the scarce available bibliography, this study endeavours to reconstruct the events in the light of fresh data, pose questions and propose answers for the causes and the mechanisms leading to the aggravation of the situation, the outbreak of violence and the multifaceted consequences thereof, not only on the local but also the national level. The study also records the depiction of the events through contemporary and subsequent works of historiography, as well as their recasting in Greek literature to this day.
Émancipations et totalitarismes insulaires. Exemples d'usages socio-politiques de la frontière
Authors: Panayiotopoulos Panayis
Published: March 2015

Cet article propose une approche théorique des développements en sciences sociales des trente dernières années, à la lumière du paradigme frontalier-insulaire. Il traite de la question de l'espace et de la frontière dans le contexte de la bibliographie post-autoritaire et post-moderne et décrit l'importance accordée à la notion de transgression de la frontière. Il examine ensuite deux cas exemplaires-limites dans lesquels l'insularité fonctionne comme une présupposition du politique. Celui des penseurs utopiques et celui, plus sociologique, de la réclusion carcérale et totalitaire. Ces deux univers antithétiques mettent à l'œuvre une notion d'émancipation et de domination. Leur "entre-deux", l'évaluation démocratique, semble avoir besoin de limites et de marges d'action, d'une économie de l'espace.
Prefatory Note
Authors: Kitromilides Paschalis M.
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Vous m'avés si fort imposer de ne pas répliquer… Réseau et hiérarchie dans une commandite marseillaise à Smyrne au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Lupo Sebastien
Published: March 2015

No abstract
People, their Experiences and Merchant Practices in a Port-city: Naples as a Mediterranean Crossroads in the Modern Age
Authors: Lombardi Giovanni
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Ressources "nationales" et ressources locales. Les "Génois" sur les routes tyrrhénniennes entre le XVIIIe siècle et début du XIXe siècle
Authors: Carrino Annastella
Published: March 2015

No abstract
"A Respectable Body of Nation": Religious Freedom and High-risk Trde: The Greek Merchant in Trieste, 1770-1830
Authors: Dogo Marco
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Routes et logements des voyageurs dans la region de la Thrace (XVIe-XIXe siècles)
Authors: Vingopoulou Ioli
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Manos Perakis, Το τέλος της Οθωμανικής Κρήτης. Οι όροι της κατάρρευσης του Καθεστώτος της Χαλέπας, 1878-1889
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Une polémique chez les philhellènes à Genève en 1827. Jean-Guillaume de Lunzi et Frédéric Lullin de Châteauvieux
Authors: Bouvier-Bron Michelle
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Neophytos Vamvas and Religious Toleration
Authors: Eliopoulos Nicholas
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Ioannis Makriyannis: From History to Anthropology
Authors: Veremis Thanos
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Nikos Kazantzakis and Travel Writing: Innovating in Poetics and Politics
Authors: Arampatzidou Lena
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Sotiris Walden, Παράταιροι εταίροι. Ελληνική δικτατορία, κομμουνιστικά καθεστώτα και Βαλκάνια, 1967-1974
Authors: Michailidis Iakovos D.
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Greek Historiography and Slav-Macedonian National Identity
Authors: Tziampiris Aristotle
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Seas, Islands, Humanists
Authors: Tolias George , Arnaud Jean-Luc
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Benedetto Cotrugli et son traité De navigatione (1464-1465)
Authors: Falchetta Piero
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Doron Rabinovici, Eichmann’s Jews: The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna, 1938-1945
Authors: Benveniste Henriette-Rika
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Responding to Economic Crises in Historical Perspective, nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: March 2015

No abstract
War, Crisis and Sovereign Loans: The Greek War of Independence and British Economic Expansion in the 1820s
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: March 2015

This article focuses on the principal actors who undertook the financial intermediation of the Greek loans of 1824 and 1825 and the agents who carried it out, the financial market, the stock market exchange and the joint-stock corporate organization. The main argument is that there was an asymmetric relationship between these principal
actors and agents. My research hypothesis works on the convergence of two different crises at the same time: the systemic banking crisis of 1825 in London; and the severe internal crisis for the insurgent Greeks. I argue that the causes for these “hapless loans” could be more complex, beyond the known moral critique.
Fighting the Financial Crisis in Greece: The Privileged Company to Protect Production and Trade in Currants (1905) as International Bank Cooperation
Authors: Schönhärl Korinna
Published: March 2015

The global economic crisis in the 1890s affected the economy of Greece severely, and in 1893 the Greek State had to stop servicing its foreign debt. Part of the
problem was the lack of diversity of Greek agricultural production, which was focused on raisins and currants (especially flavourful raisins, grown exclusively in the area around Corinth) for export. The collapse of market prices for this good seriously affected the Greek treasury and society in the growing regions. The Greek government responded by trying to withhold part of the harvest in fertile years to stabilise world market prices. Plans to organise a monopoly company for the currant trade necessitated high sums of capital from abroad. This article investigates the question of how foreign bankers in London (Hambro & Son, Emile Erlanger) and Paris (Banque de l’Union Parisienne) could be convinced to participate in the project. Which factors allowed foreign bankers to trust in the Greek national economy despite its poor reputation? What factors influenced their risk management? The focus is on the role of Greek brokers in persuading the foreigners to invest in Greece, especially the role played by Ioannis Pesmazoglou, the director of the young and innovative Bank of Athens.
A “Dynasty” of Hellenists in twentieth-century Bucharest: Demosthene Russo, Ariadna Camariano-Cioran and Nestor Camariano
Authors: Rados Leonidas
Published: March 2015

Romanian academic circles became more interested in the study of Greek-Romanian relations towards the end of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth. Demosthene Russo, a young Greek immigrant to Romania, educated at Constantinople, Athens, Berlin and Leipzig, profited from this favourable trend; he managed to establish at the University of Bucharest, after 1915, a powerful centre for Byzantine and Neohellenic research and to impose his own critical school, based upon a rigorous method, in direct competition with the line directed by the most highly acknowledged Romanian historian, Nicolae Iorga, a researcher with many achievements and famous initiatives in South-East European studies. In the interwar period Russo took on the responsibility for the education of his nephew and niece, Nestor and Ariadna Camariano, to whom he transmitted his appetite for detailed research and critical methods in his field and whom he left to continue his work. The three have deeply marked the study of the history of Hellenism; they distinguished themselves, sometimes under unfavourable circumstances, by their valuable scientific production, opening new directions in the cultural history of South-East Europe.
"A gift from God": Anglo-Greek relations during the dictatorship of the Greek colonels
Authors: Nafpliotis Alexandros
Published: March 2015

The focus of this article is an analysis of the Greek junta’s relations with the Wilson and Heath governments in the United Kingdom from 1967 to 1974. Emphasis is placed on diplomatic relations between the two traditional allies. The reactions of the military leaders of the regime in Athens and its representatives in Britain to policies pursued by London towards the establishment, consolidation and eventual demise of the colonels’ dictatorship are presented through the examination (for the first time) of official documents from both the UK and Greece. It is argued that the Greek military regime struggled to cultivate relations with Britain primarily for reasons of domestic and international prestige. Whereas Whitehall pursued a policy of “good working relations” with the junta in order to promote British interests vis-à-vis NATO, Cyprus and trade, the leadership in Athens was solely interested in using British support to gain legitimacy internationally and domestically.
Gelina Harlaftis and Katerina Papakonstantinou (eds), Ναυτιλία των Ελλήνων, 1700-1821. Ο αιώνας της ακμής πριν από την Επανάσταση [Greek shipping, 1700-1821: The heyday before the Greek Revolution]
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Alessia Zambon, Aux origines de l’archéologie en Grèce: Fauvel et sa méthode
Authors: Apostolou Irini
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Tess Hofmann, Matthias Bjørnlund, Vasileios Meichanetsidis (eds), The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks: Studies on the State-sponsored Campaign of Extermination of the Christians of Asia Minor (1912-1922) and its Aftermath: History, Law, Memory
Authors: Kitroeff Alexander
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Tourist service in Crimea over of soviet period: problems and solutions
Authors: Попов Алексей , Popov Aleksey
Published: March 2015

In the article the author analyzed the basic problems of Crimean tourist service in 1960s-1980s. For this period the maximal numbers of visiting Crimea by domestic and foreign tourists were achieved, a lot of them negatively estimated the quality of local service. On the basis of wide complex of the archived and published historical sources the author proves that the permanent problems of the tourist service were conditioned above all by the institutional model of organization of the soviet industry of hospitality, which was characterized by excessive centralization, monopolization, administrative-command methods of decision-making, low staff motivation. Thus all this complex of problems showed up both during servicing of soviet tourists (Crimean Regional Council for Tourism and Excursions) and unorganized holidaymakers (so-called «wild tourists»), as well as serving foreign tourists (the enterprise system «Intourist» in the Crimea). The considerable negative influence was related to the fact that development of sphere of services (including tourism) was not a priority direction for authorities of the USSR. The centralized allocation of funds and material resources for the hospitality industry often carried out as a residual. However, since the second half of the 1970s the particular activities directed at «conservative modernization» of the Soviet tourist service were carried out. These activities were directed at increasing economic independence of enterprises of industry of hospitality, activation of supplying of additional services to the tourists, growing of material motivation of service workers. But until the late 1980s these transformations were implemented very slowly and conservatively, without affecting the fundamental bases of the soviet planned economy and administrative-command management. Despite the fact that at the present stage market and competitive model of organization of the service is established, the Soviet past continues to indirectly affect the quality of the Crimean tourist product, but the significance of this influence is waning.
Creang condions for e ecve development of cruise tourism in the Crimea
Authors: Логунова Наталья , Logunova Natalya
Published: March 2015

The article presents a method of group expertise with which are defined the conditions and factors that contribute to the effective development of cruise tourism, and assessed the level of provision by the Crimean seaports of necessary conditions for the organization of the cruise business. In order to ensure a balance between relevance for cruise operators separate factor conditions and costs of their creation, using the ABC method identified are the main, auxiliary and irrelevant factors affecting the performance of cruise tourism and the choice of a cruise center for tourists, accounting to which ensured is the reduction of costs in the production of cruise tourism products while improving (maintaining) its quality. It is established that the effective development of the Crimean cruise centers depends on taking certain organizational and economic measures aimed at increasing business activities in cruise businesses, as well as the development of an appropriate mechanism for the state to encourage and support the development of the industry. One of them is the formation of a coherent and consistent policy for all ministries and agencies involved in the regulation of cruise tourism and associated with its economic activities. The proposed project is a single government program, customized for main priority areas in accordance with the vector of national and sectoral strategic development, including a number of routines of personnel, scientific, methodological, legal and information support of cruise tourism, the implementation of which would: boost the volume of tourism services and tax revenues to the budgets of all levels; increase the number of jobs; improve the living standards of the local population and the status of the area, region and country in the world cruise market
Errata Corrige to “Pragmatic and dialogic interpretation of bi-intuitionism. Part I”
Authors: Bellin Gianluigi , Carrara Massimiliano , Chiffi Daniele , Menti Alessandro
Published: March 2015

The goal of [3] is to sketch the construction of a syntactic categorical model of the bi-intuitionistic logic of assertions and hypotheses AH, axiomatized in a sequent calculus AH-G1, and to show that such a model has a chirality-like structure inspired by the notion of dialogue chirality by P-A. Melliès [8]. A chirality consists of a pair of adjoint functors L ⊣ R, with L: A → B, R: B → A, and of a functor (.)* : A → Bop(0,1) satisfying certain conditions. The definition of the logic AH in [3] needs to be modified so that our categories A and B are actually dual. With this modification, a more complex structure emerges.
Abelian mereology
Authors: Cotnoir A. J.
Published: March 2015

In classical extensional mereology, composition is idempotent: if x is part of y, then the sum of x and y is identical to y. In this paper, I provide a systematic and coherent formal mereology for which idempotence fails. I first discuss a number of purported counterexamples to idempotence that have been put forward in the literature. I then discuss two recent attempts at sketching non-idempotent formal mereology due to Karen Bennett and Kit Fine. I argue that these attempts are incomplete, however, and there are many open issues left unresolved. I then construct a class of models of a non-idempotent mereology using multiset theory, consider their algebraic structure, and show how these models can shed light on the open issues left from the previous approaches.
A meta-logic of inference rules: Syntax
Authors: Citkin Alex
Published: March 2015

This work was intended to be an attempt to introduce the meta-language for working with multiple-conclusion inference rules that admit asserted propositions along with the rejected propositions. The presence of rejected propositions, and especially the presence of the rule of reverse substitution, requires certain change the definition of structurality.
A Theory of Market Pioneers, Dynamic Capabilities, and Industry Evolution
Authors: Mitchell Matthew , Skrzypacz Andrzej
Published: March 2015

We analyze a model of industry evolution where the number of active submarkets is endogenously determined by pioneering innovation from incumbents and entrants. Incumbent pioneers enjoy an advantage of additional pioneering innovation via a dynamic capability that takes the form of an improved technology for innovation in young submarkets. Entrants are motivated in part by a desire to acquire the dynamic capability. We show that dynamic capabilities increase total innovation, but whether the capability confers an advantage in terms of marginal or average cost is important in determining how the impact of dynamic capabilities is distributed across incumbent and entrant innovation rates. We complement the existing literature—that focuses on exogenous arrival of submarkets or the steady state of a model with constant submarkets—by describing how competition, free entry, and the dynamic capability of incumbents drive the evolution of an industry. The shift from immature to mature submarkets can lead to a shakeout in firm numbers, and it eventually leads to a reduction in total dynamic capabilities in an industry.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Does UK nursing research have an impact on care delivery?
Authors: Corner Dame Jessica , Glasper Alan
Published: March 2015

Professor Dame Jessica Corner, Chair of the Council of Deans of Health, and Professor Alan Glasper of the University of Southampton discuss the impact potential of the Research Excellence Framework results, and how world-leading nursing research is transforming care delivery
Effect of Milling Methods and Particle Size on Rice Cake (Baeksulgi) Characteristics
Authors: Lee Myeong Gi , Son Sung Ho , Choung Myoung Gun , Kim Sun Tae , Ko Jong Min , Han Won Young , Yoon Won Byong
Published: March 2015

The milling characteristics of rice using different milling methods (dry and wet) were investigated. Generally, average particle sizes of dry-milling flours were bigger than those of wet-milling flours due to low moisture content. Three theoretical models for milling, such as the Rittinger, Kick, and Bond model, were applied to characterize the milling process of rice. The wet-milling method showed higher value milling constants including Bond’s work index. Baeksulgi was used to study the effect of the milling method and particle size on rice flour’s physicochemical property (water content, color value, and texture). Moisture content and hardness of Baeksulgi were smaller as the particle size became smaller. L value of Baeksulgi was greater as the particle size became smaller. The energy requirement for the milling of grains to obtain a suitable size of particles was estimated by the grinding models. The results of our study might provide a systematic way to estimate the energy requirement to obtain a suitable particle size by milling.
Inhibitory Effects of Extracts from Plant Materials on In Vitro Glycation and Oxidation
Authors: Han Jin Hee , Lee Ki Young , Lee Shin Young
Published: March 2015

Extracts from Aloe vera leaves, Aloe arborescens leaves, Aloe vera callus, Portulaca oleracea and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) bean husk (CBH) were prepared using acetone, chloroform, ethanol, hexane, and water. Solvent extracts of Aloe vera leaf had very high antioxidant activities showing IC50 values in the ranges of 0.02-0.17 mg/ mL, and had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content among the tested samples. We hypothesized that Aloe vera leaf and CBH extracts might possess considerable in vitro anti-glycation activities. Indeed, these extracts strongly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products from RNase in the presence of ribose. The chloroform extract of Aloe vera leaf showed the strongest inhibition of AGE formation (99.9%), followed by the 95% acetone extract (92.8%) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, exhibiting higher anti-glycation activities than those of AG and rutin (73.4% and 96.1% at 1 mg/mL, respectively). The anti-glycation activity of all extracts was correlated positively with their total contents of phenolics and flavonoids. We conclude that Aloe vera leaf extracts and their constituents may be used as anti-glycation agents.
Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Bran Prepared by a High-pressure Homogenizer Process
Authors: An Eun-Mi , Choi Yong-Hyun , Lee Jae-Kang , Choi Yong-Seok , Kim Young-Hwa , Shin Han-Seung
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties resulting from high-pressure homogenization of wheat bran. For this purpose, the researcher compared the radicals clearance of DPPH and ABTS, the ferrousion chelating effects, and the contents of the surface-reactive phenol compounds. In the course of this study, it was possible to reduce the particle size of the wheat bran effectively by means of high-pressure homogenization. This also resulted in structural changes, such as changes in the cellular structure of wheat bran, dissipating the cellulose matrix. It was found that this process, in turn, caused the phenol compounds which were entrapped inside the cellulose matrix or bound by polysaccharides to be released, affecting the antioxidation. As the intensity of high-pressure homogenization process increased, the radical clearance of DPPH and ABTS, as well as the surface reactive phenol compound, increased in return, while the ferrous-ion chelating effect decreased without any statistical significance, however (p > 0.05). Therefore, it would be safe to conclude that high-pressure homogenization could be an effective solution to increasing the antioxidant properties of wheat bran, which, in turn, could be used as a functional material (a natural antioxidant) in food industries.
Study for the Optimal Extraction Processing Condition of Anthocyanin from Bokbunja by Enzymatic Treatment
Authors: Kim Hee-Sun , Choi Woo-Young , Kim Won-Suk , Kim Myung-Hwan
Published: March 2015

This study was performed to determine the total anthocyanin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and SODlike activity of extracted anthocyanins from Bokbunja for analyzing the optimal conditions of enzyme treatment by response surface methodology (RSM) based on three factors: concentration of Pectinex Ultra SP-L, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The optimal enzyme treatment conditions of Pectinex Ultra SP-L concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and overall desirability by analysis of multiple response surface methodology with the same weighed value of each dependent variable were 0.5 mL/100 L, 20°C, 2 hr, and 0.63, respectively. Total anthocyanin content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity of the conditions stated above were 5.2 mg/ 100 g, 61.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, those of the control were 1.1 mg/100 g, 11.8% and 1.1%, respectively.
Development of Controlled Atmosphere Container Using Gas Separation Membrane for the Storage of Agricultural Products
Authors: Park Seok Ho , Chun Ho Hyun , Choi Dong Soo , Choi Seung Ryul , Kim Jin Se , Oh Sung Sik , Lee Jin Su
Published: March 2015

This study was conducted to develop the domestic production of a controlled atmosphere (CA) storage system, including nitrogen generator and carbon dioxide eliminator using selective gas separation membrane and operating program. Generally, the gas composition inside general cold stores constantly changes due to the metabolic activity of the respiring vegetables and fruits and leakage of gases through doors and walls. However, the CA container developed by our research team is able to control of the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the reefer, making it simple and effective in operation. The efficiency of the nitrogen generator to replace oxygen with nitrogen inside the CA container was approximately 1.33% per hour. The change in oxygen concentration inside the CA container during the operation refrigerator almost did not show any difference for 8 days. Therefore, CA storage container should be a promising approach to maintaining the high quality of agricultural products during storage.
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Boehmeria nivea L. Leaves
Authors: Kim Chikwang , In Man-Jin , Kim Dong Chung
Published: March 2015

To investigate the antioxidative potential of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) leaves, alcoholic extracts with different ethanol concentration were prepared. The extract obtained by using 70% ethanol possessed the highest total phenolic content. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract were 15.46% and 105.0 μg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/mg, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated as 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and nitrite scavenging ability. EC 50 value for radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities, which is the effective concentration at which 50% of DPPH radicals and nitrites are scavenged, were 34.72 μg/mL and 52.99 μg/mL, respectively. EC 50 value for reducing power, which is the effective concentration at which the absorbance is 0.5, is 44.39 μg/mL. All antioxidant activities increased as extract concentration increased. These results imply that the ethanolic extract of ramie leaves has the potential to be utilized as an effective antioxidant source.
Quality Characteristics of Whole Barley Flour Added to Yogurt During Storage
Authors: Lee Mi Ja , Kim Yang Kil , Kim Kyung Ho , Lee Na Young
Published: March 2015

Quality characteristics were evaluated for whole barley yogurt prepared with lactic acid bacteria combination such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilussei (1:1:1) with the addition of whole barley flour at 3%. The barley yogurt had lower pH, higher titratable acidity, and higher sugar content than control yogurt. The viable cell number of the barley yogurt was lower than the control yogurt. However, the viscosity and antioxidant activity of the barley yogurt were higher than those of the control yogurt. In up to 12 d of storage at 4oC, pH decreased while titratable acidity increased in both control yogurt and barley yogurt. The sugar content and brightness increased slightly. The viable cell number of the barley yogurt decreased during storage. However, the viable cell number of the barley yogurt met the standard suggested by the KFDA. Although the viscosity of the barley yogurt decreased, it corresponded to the required viscosity of a curd yogurt. Antioxidant activity slightly increased up to 9 d and then decreased, but the decrease of antioxidant activity was smaller in barley yogurt than in the control yogurt. During storage, there was no curd separation, change in scent, etc. Thus the storage quality of barley yogurt was relatively good.
Determination of Spectroscopic Band Shapes Using Second Derivatives, Part I: Theory
Authors: Max Jean-Joseph , Chapados Camille
Published: March 2015

The molecular spectra of water, aqueous solutions, hydrogen-bonded systems, and others have massive bands that contain many overlapping components. To decipher the spectra for molecular interpretation, it is necessary to separate these. Several attempts to do this have been made without clear success. To surmount some of the difficulties, we present a novel method, which consists of quantitatively evaluating the spectral band second-derivative profiles. This aids in the determination of the original band profiles: Gaussian, Lorentzian (Cauchy), and Gauss-Lorentz products. Then the number of components in a massive absorption, their shapes, and their positions can be determined. We tested the usefulness of the method in the visible region using calibration standards: a light emitting diode emission spectrum and a holmium chloride (HoCl2) solution. To verify its utility in the infrared region, we used liquid propanol, liquid acetonitrile, and aqueous acetone.
Transmission Near-Infrared (NIR) and Photon Time-of-Flight (PTOF) Spectroscopy in a Comparative Analysis of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Kamran Faisal , Abildgaard Otto H.A. , Sparén Anders , Svensson Olof , Johansson Jonas , Andersson-Engels Stefan , Andersen Peter E. , Khoptyar Dmitry
Published: March 2015

We present a comprehensive study of the application of photon time-of-flight spectroscopy (PTOFS) in the wavelength range 1050–1350 nm as a spectroscopic technique for the evaluation of the chemical composition and structural properties of pharmaceutical tablets. PTOFS is compared to transmission near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In contrast to transmission NIRS, PTOFS is capable of directly and independently determining the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of the medium. Chemometric models were built on the evaluated absorption spectra for predicting tablet drug concentration. Results are compared to corresponding predictions built on transmission NIRS measurements. The predictive ability of PTOFS and transmission NIRS is comparable when models are based on uniformly distributed tablet sets. For non-uniform distribution of tablets based on particle sizes, the prediction ability of PTOFS is better than that of transmission NIRS. Analysis of reduced scattering spectra shows that PTOFS is able to characterize tablet microstructure and manufacturing process parameters. In contrast to the chemometric pseudo-variables provided by transmission NIRS, PTOFS provides physically meaningful quantities such as scattering strength and slope of particle size. The ability of PTOFS to quantify the reduced scattering spectra, together with its robustness in predicting drug content, makes it suitable for such evaluations in the pharmaceutical industry.
Comparative Discrimination Spectral Detection Method for the Identification of Vapors Using Overlapping Broad Spectral Filters
Authors: Poutous Menelaos K. , Major Kevin J. , Ewing Kenneth J. , Sanghera Jas , Aggarwal Ishwar
Published: March 2015

We present a comparative discrimination spectral detection approach for the identification of chemical vapors using broad spectral filters. We applied the method to flowing vapors of as-received and non-interacting mixtures for the detection of the volatile components of a target chemical in the presence of interferents. The method is based on measurements of the overall spectral signature of the vapors, where the interferent spectrum largely overlaps the target spectrum. In this work we outline the construction of a set of abstract configuration-space vectors, generated by the broadband spectral components from sampled chemical vapors, and the subsequent vector-space operations between them, which enable the detection of a target chemical by comparative discrimination from interferents. The method was applied to the C-H vibrational band from 2500 to 3500 cm−1, where there is large spectral signal overlap between the chosen target chemical and two interferents. Our results show clear detection and distinction of the target vapors without ambiguity.
Determination of Copper and Zinc Pollutants in Ludwigia prostrata Roxb Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Ouyang Aiguo , Jiang Lixia , Liu Yande , Jiang Lihong , Hao Yong , He Bingbing
Published: March 2015

The feasibility of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in Ludwigia prostrata Roxb plants was investigated. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb plants were grown over a full growth cycle under controlled laboratory conditions in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The Cu and Zn concentrations in 72 L. prostrata Roxb samples were analyzed using fame atomic absorption spectrometry, and NIRS spectra were collected in the 1099–2500 nm range. Five mathematical treatments of the spectral data were compared prior to developing the calibration models ( n = 48) using partial least squares regression methods. The two calibration models for Cu and Zn concentrations were evaluated according to the correlation coefficient of cross-validation ( Rcv) and root mean squares error of cross-validation. The highest Rcv and the lowest RMSECV were obtained for Cu (0.9 and 7.24 mg kg−1) and Zn (0.94 and 19.17 mg kg−1), respectively. The results showed that near-infrared diffuse refectance spectroscopy can be used for the rapid determination of Cu and Zn in leaves of L. prostrata Roxb plants.
Forearm Deoxyhemoglobin and Deoxymyoglobin (Deoxy[Hb + Mb]) Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Using a Handgrip Test in Mitochondrial Myopathy
Authors: Celie Bert M. , Boone Jan , Smet Joél E. , Vanlander Arnaud V. , De Bleecker Jan L. , Van Coster Rudy N. , Bourgois Jan G.
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this paper is to test whether peripheral oxygenation responses measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) would differ between patients suffering from mitochondrial myopathy (MM) and healthy controls during an incremental handgrip exercise test. Two groups of subjects were studied: 11 patients with MM and 11 age- and gender-matched untrained healthy controls. A handgrip exercise until exhaustion protocol was used consisting of 2 min periods of work (Hz) at different intensities, separated by a 60 s rest period. The changes in deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin (deoxy[Hb + Mb]) during each work step were expressed in percent to the maximum deoxy[Hb + Mb]-value measured during arterial occlusion in forearm muscles. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] between MM patients and controls with increasing intensity. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between both populations ( P < 0.001) indicating that the increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] showed a significantly different pattern in the two populations. In the post hoc analysis significant lower deoxy[Hb + Mb] -values were found for MM patients at every intensity. The results of this paper show significantly different skeletal muscle oxygenation responses, measured with an optical method as NIRS, between MM patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects at submaximal and maximal level during an incremental handgrip exercise. This optical method is thus a valuable tool to assess differences in peripheral oxygenation. Moreover, this method could be used as an evaluation tool for follow up in interventional pharmacological studies and rehabilitation programs.