bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of FNA with core biopsy or cell block in patients with nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Srishti , Long Steven R. , Natkunam Yasodha , Kong Christina S. , Gupta Neel K. , Gratzinger Dita
Published: April 2020

Background

Nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) represents a diagnostic challenge on surgical excisional or incisional biopsy. Classification is further challenging on fine needle aspiration (FNA) material accompanied by needle core and/or cell block biopsy (FNA+core/CB).

Methods

The authors studied all FNA+core/CB and surgical excisional or incisional biopsies to evaluate for lymphoma in patients who had a prior history of NLPHL or subsequent diagnosis of NLPHL over a 5‐year period from 2012 through 2016.

Results

Patients who ultimately were diagnosed with NLPHL represented <0.5% of those who underwent FNA+core/CB for an initial suspicion of lymphoma. FNA+core/CB resulted in a definitive diagnosis in 7 of 13 cases, and surgical excisional or incisional biopsy specimens resulted in a definitive diagnosis in 13 of 13 cases (chi‐square statistic, 9.6; P = .002). At initial diagnosis, FNA+core/CB was negative in 2 cases and atypical or suspicious in 3 cases; all 5 of those patients required surgical excisional or incisional biopsy for a definitive lymphoma diagnosis. By contrast, patients who underwent FNA+core/CB for recurrent lymphoma required surgical excisional or incisional biopsy in only 1 of 8 cases (chi‐square statistic, 9.5; P = .002). Flow cytometry was positive for a light‐chain–restricted B‐cell population in only 1 of 11 biopsies that were involved by lymphoma.

Conclusions

Surgical excisional or incisional biopsy remains the gold standard for NLPHL diagnosis and for distinguishing progression to a T‐cell/histiocyte–rich large B‐cell lymphoma pattern. At a tertiary cancer center with routine collaborative diagnosis of lymphoma on FNA+core/CB by cytopathologists and hematopathologists, FNA+core/CB performs well to assess for recurrent or transformed NLPHL, rarely requiring subsequent surgical excisional or incisional biopsy. FNA+core/CB has limited sensitivity in the initial diagnosis setting.
Conditional and biased regeneration of cone photoreceptor types in the zebrafish retina
Authors: D'Orazi Florence D. , Suzuki Sachihiro C. , Darling Nicole , Wong Rachel O. , Yoshimatsu Takeshi
Published: April 2020

A major challenge in regenerative medicine is replacing cells lost through injury or disease. While significant progress has been made, much remains unknown about the accuracy of native regenerative programs in cell replacement. Here, we capitalized on the regenerative capacity and stereotypic retinal organization of zebrafish to determine the specificity with which retinal Müller glial cells replace lost neuronal cell types. By utilizing a targeted genetic ablation technique, we restricted death to all or to distinct cone photoreceptor types (red, blue, or UV‐sensitive cones), enabling us to compare the composition of cones that are regenerated. We found that Müller glia produce cones of all types upon nondiscriminate ablation of these photoreceptors, or upon selective ablation of red or UV cones. Pan‐ablation of cones led to regeneration of the various cone types in relative abundances that resembled those of nonablated controls, that is, red > green > UV ~ blue cones. Moreover, selective loss of red or UV cones biased production toward the cone type that was ablated. In contrast, ablation of blue cones alone largely failed to induce cone production at all, although it did induce cell division in Müller glia. The failure to produce cones upon selective elimination of blue cones may be due to their low abundance compared to other cone types. Alternatively, it may be that blue cone death alone does not trigger a change in progenitor competency to support cone genesis. Our findings add to the growing notion that cell replacement during regeneration does not perfectly mimic programs of cell generation during development.
Flow cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood for suspected Sézary syndrome or mycosis fungoides: International guidelines for assay characteristics
Authors: Horna Pedro , Wang Sa A. , Wolniak Kristy L. , Psarra Katherina , Almeida Julia , Illingworth Andrea J. , Johansson Ulrika , Craig Fiona E. , Torres Richard
Published: April 2020

A peripheral blood flow cytometric assay for Sézary syndrome (SS) or circulating mycosis fungoides (MF) cells must be able to reliably identify, characterize, and enumerate T‐cells with an immunophenotype that differs from non‐neoplastic T‐cells. Although it is also important to distinguish SS and MF from other subtypes of T‐cell neoplasm, this usually requires information in addition to the immunophenotype, such as clinical and morphologic features. This article outlines the approach recommended by an international group with experience and expertise in this area. The following key points are discussed: (a) At a minimum, a flow cytometric assay for SS and MF should include the following six antibodies: CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD26, and CD45. (b) An analysis template must reliably detect abnormal T‐cells, even when they lack staining for CD3 or CD45, or demonstrate a phenotype that is not characteristic of normal T‐cells. (c) Gating strategies to identify abnormal T‐cells should be based on the identification of subsets with distinctly homogenous immunophenotypic properties that are different from those expected for normal T‐cells. (d) The blood concentration of abnormal cells, based on any immunophenotypic abnormalities indicative of MF or SS, should be calculated by either direct enumeration or a dual‐platform method, and reported.
Historical translocations and stocking alter the genetic structure of a Mediterranean lobster fishery
Authors: Jenkins Tom L. , Ellis Charlie D. , Durieux Eric D. H. , Filippi Jean‐José , Bracconi Jérémy , Stevens Jamie R.
Published: April 2020

Stocking is often used to supplement wild populations that are overexploited or have collapsed, yet it is unclear how this affects the genetic diversity of marine invertebrate populations. During the 1970s, a lobster stock enhancement program was carried out around the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean using individuals translocated from the Atlantic coast of France. This included the release of thousands of hatchery‐reared postlarval lobsters and several adult individuals, but no monitoring plan was established to assess whether these animals survived and recruited to the population. In this study, we sampled European lobster (Homarus gammarus) individuals caught around Corsica and tested whether they showed Atlantic ancestry. Due to a natural marked phylogeographic break between Atlantic and Mediterranean lobsters, we hypothesized that lobsters with dominant (>0.50) Atlantic ancestry were descended from historical stocking releases. Twenty Corsican lobsters were genotyped at 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and assignment analysis showed that the majority (13) had dominant Atlantic ancestry. This suggests that the hatchery stocking program carried out in Corsica during the 1970s, using individuals translocated from the Atlantic coast of France, has likely augmented local recruitment but at a cost of altering the genetic structure of the Corsican lobster population.
Density‐dependent marine survival of hatchery‐origin Chinook salmon may be associated with pink salmon
Authors: Kendall Neala W. , Nelson Benjamin W. , Losee James P.
Published: April 2020

Understanding how protected species influence the population dynamics of each other is an essential part of ecosystem‐based management. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are critical prey for endangered southern resident killer whales (SRKWs; Orcinus orca), and increasing releases of hatchery Chinook salmon has been proposed to aid SRKW recovery. We analyzed 30 yr of data and found that density‐dependent survival of hatchery Chinook salmon released into the central and southern parts of the Salish Sea (Washington, USA; and British Columbia, Canada) may be associated with the presence of naturally produced pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), which are highly abundant as juveniles only in even‐numbered years. We first modeled hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival as a function of the numbers of juvenile Chinook released and the presence of emigrating juvenile pink salmon between 1983 and 2012. Then, we related reconstructed numbers of hatchery Chinook salmon returning to Puget Sound to the abundance of juvenile Chinook released in even (pink emigration) and odd (non‐pink emigration) years from 1980 to 2010. We found that in some regions of the Salish Sea, both hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival and adult Chinook returns varied depending on the number of hatchery Chinook released and the presence of juvenile pink salmon. Specifically, in some regions survival of hatchery Chinook salmon decreased when greater numbers of juveniles were released into the Salish Sea in even years, when large numbers of pink salmon were present, but increased or remained stable when pink salmon were not present in large numbers (in odd years). This suggests lower, density‐dependent survival of juvenile Salish Sea Chinook salmon during even outmigration years. Our analyses suggest that scientists and managers should further investigate potential mechanisms for density‐dependent survival of hatchery Chinook salmon from Salish Sea hatcheries when designing strategies to maximize adult returns.
A novel nomogram to predict all‐cause readmission or death risk in Chinese elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Yang Mengxi , Tao Liyuan , An Hui , Liu Gang , Tu Qiang , Zhang Hu , Qin Li , Xiao Zhu , Wang Yu , Fan Jiaxai , Feng Dongping , Liang Yan , Ren Jingyi
Published: April 2020

Aims

Elderly patients with heart failure (HF) are associated with frequent all‐cause readmission or death. The present study sought to develop an accurate and easy‐to‐use model to predict all‐cause readmission or death risk in Chinese elderly patients with HF.

Methods and results

This was a prospective cohort study in patients with HF aged 65 or older. Demographic, co‐morbidity, laboratory, and medication data were collected. A Cox regression model was used to identify factors for the prediction of readmission or death at 30 days and 1 year. A nomogram was developed with bootstrap validation. Of the included 854 patients, the cumulative all‐cause readmission and mortality rates were 10.5% and 11.6% at 30 days and 34.9% and 19.7% at 1 year, respectively. The independent risk factors associated with both 30 day and 1 year readmission or death were older age, stroke, diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg, body mass index ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and BNP > 400 pg/mL (all P < 0.05). Anaemia, abnormal neutrophils, and admission without angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers were the specific independent risk factors of 30 day all‐cause readmission or death (all P < 0.05), whereas serum sodium ≤ 140 mmol/L and admission without beta‐blockers were the specific independent risk factors of 1 year all‐cause readmission or death (all P < 0.05). The C‐index of the 30 day and 1 year diagnosis prediction model was 0.778 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.693–0.862] and 0.738 (95% CI 0.640–0.836), respectively.

Conclusions

We developed accurate and easy‐to‐use nomograms to predict all‐cause readmission or death in Chinese elderly patients with HF. The nomograms will assist in reducing the all‐cause readmission and mortality rates.
Decentralized dynamic functional network connectivity: State analysis in collaborative settings
Authors: Baker Bradley T. , Damaraju Eswar , Silva Rogers F. , Plis Sergey M. , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: April 2020

As neuroimaging data increase in complexity and related analytical problems follow suite, more researchers are drawn to collaborative frameworks that leverage data sets from multiple data‐collection sites to balance out the complexity with an increased sample size. Although centralized data‐collection approaches have dominated the collaborative scene, a number of decentralized approaches—those that avoid gathering data at a shared central store—have grown in popularity. We expect the prevalence of decentralized approaches to continue as privacy risks and communication overhead become increasingly important for researchers. In this article, we develop, implement and evaluate a decentralized version of one such widely used tool: dynamic functional network connectivity. Our resulting algorithm, decentralized dynamic functional network connectivity (ddFNC), synthesizes a new, decentralized group independent component analysis algorithm (dgICA) with algorithms for decentralized k‐means clustering. We compare both individual decentralized components and the full resulting decentralized analysis pipeline against centralized counterparts on the same data, and show that both provide comparable performance. Additionally, we perform several experiments which evaluate the communication overhead and convergence behavior of various decentralization strategies and decentralized clustering algorithms. Our analysis indicates that ddFNC is a fine candidate for facilitating decentralized collaboration between neuroimaging researchers, and stands ready for the inclusion of privacy‐enabling modifications, such as differential privacy.
Development and evaluation of a health literacy training program for allied health professionals: A pre‐post study assessing impact and implementation outcomes
Authors: Muscat Danielle M. , Ceprnja Dragana , Hobbs Kim , Gibson Jodi‐Anne , Blumenthal Caron , Milad Rula , Burns Chris , Lau Timothea , Flood Victoria
Published: April 2020

Issue addressed

We developed and evaluated a health literacy training program for allied health professionals, and explored the feasibility of a train‐the‐trainer model to support dissemination.

Methods

The program combined didactic and experiential teaching methods and behaviour change techniques, with a focus on teach‐back and developing easy‐to‐understand written materials. Outcomes included participant reactions, confidence (range: 6‐30), behavioural intentions (range: 6‐42), and dissemination of training content. Implementation outcomes were evaluated using the Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) tool, assessing the constructs of coherence (range: 4‐20), cognitive participation (range: 4‐20), collective action (range: 7‐35) and reflexive monitoring (range: 5‐25).

Results

Of the 29 allied health professionals who participated, 90% rated the program as ‘excellent’/‘very good’, and 97% said the information was ‘extremely’/‘very’ helpful for their everyday practice. We observed increases in confidence (mean difference [MD] = 6.3, standard deviation [SD] = 2.7, t25 = 11.87, P < .001) and intentions (MD = 3.6, SD = 8.1, t23 = 2.2, P = .04) related to health literacy practices after 6 weeks. Improved confidence was retained over 6 months (MD = 7.1, SD = 5.2, t18 = 5.96, P < .001). After 6 months, 95% of participants (n = 19) reported using teach‐back and 50% (n = 10) reported having used a readability formula. Eight‐five per cent of participants (17/20) had trained others in health literacy, reaching n = 201 allied health professionals and students. NoMAD scores were highest in relation to cognitive participation (/20) (M = 18.2, SD = 2.1) and lowest in relation to collective action (/35) (M = 25.4, SD = 3.0).

Conclusions

A train‐the‐trainer model appears to be a feasible method to disseminate health literacy training, but additional work may be needed to improve the collective work done to enable health literacy practices in real‐world clinical contexts.

So what

Staff training is particularly important in highly diverse areas where patients are disproportionately affected by low health literacy.
Characterization of humoral immune responses and degree of protection induced by influenza vaccine in cotton rats: Effects of low vaccine dose and single vs booster vaccination
Authors: Bhide Yoshita , Dong Wei , Meijerhof Tjarko , de Vries‐Idema Jacqueline , Niesters Hubert G. , Huckriede Anke
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Cotton rats are a suitable model for the study of influenza disease symptoms and responses to influenza vaccination. We have previously shown that two immunizations with 15 µg whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine could completely protect animals from infection with the H1N1pdm09 virus.

Methods

To further explore the cotton rat model, we here investigated the protective potential of a single intramuscular immunization and of prime/boost intramuscular immunizations with a low amount of antigen.

Results

A single intramuscular immunization with doses more than or equal to 0.5 µg WIV reliably evoked antibody responses and doses more than or equal to 1 µg protected the animals from virus replication in the lungs and from severe weight loss. However, clinical symptoms like an increased respiration rate were still apparent. Administration of a booster dose significantly increased the humoral immune responses but did not or only moderately improved protection from clinical symptoms.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that complete and partial protection by influenza vaccines can be mimicked in cotton rats by using specific vaccination regimens.
Blood markers of oxidative stress are strongly associated with poorer prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Boakye Daniel , Jansen Lina , Schöttker Ben , Jansen Eugene H. J. M. , Schneider Martin , Halama Niels , Gào Xin , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: April 2020

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the initiation of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether it also plays a role in CRC prognosis is unclear. We assessed the associations of two oxidative stress biomarkers (Diacron's reactive oxygen metabolites [d‐ROMs] and total thiol level [TTL]) with CRC prognosis. CRC patients who were diagnosed in 2003 to 2012 and recruited into a population‐based study in Germany (n = 3361) were followed for up to 6 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations of d‐ROMs and TTL (measured from blood samples collected shortly after CRC diagnosis) with overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression. Particularly pronounced associations of higher d‐ROMs with lower survival were observed in stage IV patients, with patients in the highest (vs lowest) tertile having much lower OS (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14‐2.04) and DSS (HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.20‐2.17). For TTL, strong inverse associations of TTL with mortality were observed within all stages. In patients of all stages, those in the highest (vs lowest) quintile had substantially higher OS (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.38‐0.62) and DSS (HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.39‐0.69). The addition of these biomarkers to models that included age, sex, tumor stage and subsite significantly improved the prediction of CRC prognosis. The observed strong associations of higher d‐ROMs and lower TTL levels with poorer prognosis even in stage IV patients suggest that oxidative stress contributes significantly to premature mortality in CRC patients and demonstrate a large potential of these biomarkers in enhancing the prediction of CRC prognosis beyond tumor stage.
Can genes modulate anchoring effect?
Authors: Zeng Jianmin , Liu Manru , Hou Xingrong , Zhang Qinglin , Chen Hong , Su Li
Published: April 2020

The anchoring effect is a well‐known decision bias, referring that initial irrelevant number (anchor) can impact late estimation. Anchoring effect can be explained as people starting from the anchor and stopping incremental adjustment too early—in other words, jumping into the conclusion impulsively. High impulsivity is associated with AA genotype of rs806379. Therefore, we hypothesized that rs806379 polymorphism can exert an influence on the anchoring effect. The subjects completed an experimental task of anchoring effect and provided saliva for genotyping. As expected, we found that subjects with AA genotype of rs806379 demonstrated stronger anchoring effect. This is the first article that explores the anchoring effect from the gene perspective. Our finding suggests that nature plays a role in anchoring effect.
A potential disease monitoring and prognostic biomarker in cervical cancer patients: The clinical application of circular RNA_0018289
Authors: He Jing , Lv Xin , Zeng Zhen
Published: April 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the tumor circular RNA_0018289 (circ_0018289) expression and its correlation with clinical characteristics as well as survival profiles in cervical cancer patients.

Methods

A hundred and ninety‐two cervical cancer patients who received surgical resection were recruited in this prospective study. Tumor tissue and paired adjacent tissue were obtained during the surgery, in which circ_0018289 expression was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded.

Results

Circ_0018289 expression was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent tissue (P < .001), and receiver operative characteristic curve disclosed its good value for separating tumor tissue from adjacent tissue with an area under curve of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.879‐0.935). Additionally, tumor circ_0018289 expression was positively associated with tumor size (P = .009), lymph node metastasis (P = .005) and Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P = .005). The DFS (P = .005) and OS (P = .015) were both worse in patients with circ_0018289 high expression compared to patients with circ_0018289 low expression. Meanwhile, in patients with circ_0018289 high expression, DFS and OS were the longest in patients with high+ expression followed by patients with high++ expression, and the shortest in patients with high+++ expression. Moreover, circ_0018289 high expression could independently predict worse DFS in the total cervical cancer patients (P = .042).

Conclusion

Circ_0018289 could serve as a potential disease monitoring and prognostic biomarker in cervical cancer patients.
Fractional chromatic number of a random subgraph
Authors: Mohar Bojan , Wu Hehui
Published: April 2020

It is well known that a random subgraph of the complete graph has chromatic number w.h.p. Boris Bukh asked whether the same holds for a random subgraph of any ‐chromatic graph, at least in expectation. In this paper it is shown that for every graph, whose fractional chromatic number is at least , the fractional chromatic number of its random subgraph is at least with probability more than . This gives the affirmative answer for a strengthening of Bukh's question for the fractional chromatic number.
Inhibitor design for 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase enzyme; molecular docking and determination of molecular and electronic properties of ligands by density functional theory method
Authors: Ercan Selami , Çınar Ercan , Özaydın Cihat , Efe Ertürk Nuriye , Çakmak Reşit
Published: April 2020

Designing new inhibitors having less side effects is a need which also could reduce cholesterol levels. To fulfill this aim, we have carried out a molecular docking study toward 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase. A set of designed structural derivatives of statin drugs, eight ligands which are used as HIV‐1 integrase inhibitor candidates, a set of terpenoids, and ligands downloaded from Zinc15 database were docked to HMG‐CoA reductase enzyme which contains atorvastatin in crystal structure. The analysis of docking studies revealed that statin derivative ligands are more appropriate for inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase. To define the contribution of the molecular properties to the binding of ligands to enzyme structure; the highest occupied molecular orbitals‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, hardness, electronegativity, and chemical potential properties of ligands have best score in their sets calculated by quantum mechanical tools.
Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction of pressure‐induced reversible structure change in K2OsO2(OH)4
Authors: Tang Qiqi , Liu Shan , Wu Binbin , Zhang Feng , Lei Li
Published: April 2020

High‐pressure structural evolution of K2OsO2(OH)4, a potassium osmate dihydrate, has been studied by high‐pressure Raman spectroscopy and angle dispersive X‐ray diffraction. A pressure‐induced reversible structure change is observed at approximately 8 GPa, evidenced by the splitting of Raman modes and the addition of X‐ray diffraction peaks. The splitting of phonon generally occurs in the Raman modes with smaller Grüneisen parameters. The pressure‐induced structural change is correlated with the relatively isolated arrangement of Os–O polyhedron. In addition, the zero‐pressure bulk modulus B0 = 46(1) GPa and zero‐pressure Grüneisen parameters γ of K2OsO2(OH)4 are given and discussed.
Giant kelp microbiome altered in the presence of epiphytes
Authors: James Anna K. , English Chance J. , Nidzieko Nicholas J. , Carlson Craig A. , Wilbanks Elizabeth G.
Published: April 2020

Characterizing patterns in the microbial communities associated with canopy‐forming kelps is critical to understanding the mechanisms shaping macroalgal microbiomes. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized bacterial and archaeal communities associated with giant kelp in the Santa Barbara Channel. Our results indicate that kelp‐associated microbial communities are altered in the presence of epiphytic bryozoans and reflect changes previously observed in other studies of stressed macroalgae. This observation is indicative of patterns of microbiome disruption (dysbiosis) and opportunistic pathogenesis that may have implications for the health and productivity of foundational species of macroalgae. Our study highlights new patterns in host–microbiome associations and reveals the importance of considering host source and condition when investigating the dynamics of macroalgal microbiomes.
Novel variant inCHRNA4with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and contribution to precise medicine
Authors: Neng Xiao , Xiao Mao , Yuanlu Chen , Qinyan Li , Li Shu , Zhanyi Song
Published: April 2020

Background

Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) or benign rolandic epilepsy is the most common epileptic syndrome in school‐age children. Genetics is an important factor in BECTS pathogenesis, and <10 genes were associated with BECTS. This study aimed to identify novel genetic causes of BECTS.

Methods

We conducted whole‐exome sequencing on a patient with BECTS and validated the findings by Sanger sequencing in a pedigree with three patients.

Results

CHRNA4c.1007G>A was identified in three patients with BECTS in a pedigree. Carbamazepine, which should be carefully used in BECTS, was observed to be effective in the treatment of our atypical BECTS proband based on the molecular diagnosis ofCHRNA4.

Conclusion

This is the first study onCHRNA4variant in BECTS, which widened the genetic spectrum of BECTS and contributed to precise medicine in BECTS.
Imagining Musical Place: Race, Heritage, and African American Musical Landscapes
Authors: Mullins Paul R. , Ryan Jordan
Published: April 2020

Indianapolis, Indiana, once had a rich range of African American music and performance spaces in the city’s segregated near‐Westside, but postwar urban renewal, construction of a university campus, and interstate displacement erased almost all of those venues by the 1970s. In the early twenty‐first century, the city and developers have championed new construction, and many of those projects celebrate jazz history as the heart of the near‐Westside’s heritage. However, the rhetorical valorization of selectively interpreted African American jazz history aspires to rationalize a half‐century of erasures of African American place. Rather than acknowledging the breadth of African American expressive culture in Indianapolis’ near‐Westside, the city’s imagination of jazz essentializes African American expressive culture to serve contemporary economic development and paint jazz as a unifying mechanism across color lines.
The K‐partitioning problem: Formulations and branch‐and‐cut
Authors: Ales Zacharie , Knippel Arnaud
Published: April 2020

The K‐partitioning problem consists in partitioning the nodes of a complete graph G = (V, E) with weights on the edges in exactly K clusters such that the sum of the weights of the edges inside the clusters is minimized. For this problem, we propose two node‐cluster formulations adapted from the literature on similar problems as well as two edge‐representative formulations. We introduced the first edge‐representative formulation in a previous work while the second is obtained by adding an additional set of edge variables. We compare the structure of the polytopes of the two edge‐representative formulations and identify a new family of facet‐defining inequalities. The quality of the linear relaxation and the resolution times of the four formulations are compared on various data sets. We provide bounds on the relaxation values of the node‐cluster formulations which may account for their low performances. Finally, we propose a branch‐and‐cut strategy, based on the edge‐representative formulations, which performs even better.
Efficient representation of turbulent flows using data‐enriched finite elements
Authors: Deshmukh Rohit , Shilt Troy , McNamara Jack J.
Published: April 2020

Efficient modal decomposition of high‐dimensional turbulent flow data is an important first step for data reduction, analysis, and low‐dimensional predictive modeling. The conventional modal decomposition techniques, such as proper orthogonal and dynamic mode decompositions, aim to represent the system response using spatially global basis vectors that span a broad spatial domain. A significant challenge facing approaches based on global domain decomposition is the rapid increase in both the amount of training data and the number of modes that must be retained for an accurate representation of convection dominated turbulent flows. An alternative generalized finite element (GFEM) based approach is explored for efficient representation of high‐dimensional fluid flow data. Here, the standard finite element interpolation method is enriched with numerical functions that are learned from a small amount of high‐fidelity training data over spatially localized subdomains. The GFEM approach is demonstrated on a 3D flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number of 100 000 and flows inside a 2D lid‐driven cavity over a range of Reynolds numbers. Compared with a global proper orthogonal decomposition, the GFEM‐based approach increases efficiency in reconstructing the datasets while also substantially reducing the amounts of training
data.
Environmental and trophic determinism of fruit abscission and outlook with climate change in tropical regions
Authors: Tisné Sébastien , Denis Marie , Domonhédo Hubert , Pallas Benoît , Cazemajor Michel , Tranbarger Timothy J. , Morcillo Fabienne
Published: April 2020

Fruit abscission facilitates the optimal conditions and timing of seed dispersal. Environmental regulation of tropical fruit abscission has received little attention, even though climate change may have its strongest impacts in tropical regions. In this study, oil palm fruit abscission was monitored during multiple years in the Benin Republic to take advantage of the climatic seasonality and the continuous fruit production by this species. An innovative multivariable statistical method was used to identify the best predictors of fruit abscission among a set of climate and ecophysiological variables, and the stage of inflorescence and fruit bunch development when the variables are perceived. The effects of climate scenarios on fruit abscission were then predicted based on the calibrated model. We found complex regulation takes place at specific stages of inflorescence and bunch development, even long before the fruit abscission zone is competent to execute abscission. Among the predictors selected, temperature variations during inflorescence and fruit bunch development are major determinants of the fruit abscission process. Furthermore, the timing of ripe fruit drop is determined by temperature in combination with the trophic status. Finally, climate simulations revealed that the abscission process is robust and is more affected by seasonal variations than by extreme scenarios. Our investigations highlighted the central function of the abscission zone as the sensor of environmental signals during reproductive development. Coupling ecophysiological and statistical modeling was an efficient approach to disentangle this complex environmental regulation.
Personality, Resilience, and Psychopathology: A Model for the Interaction between Slow and Fast Network Processes in the Context of Mental Health
Authors: Lunansky Gabriela , van Borkulo Claudia , Borsboom Denny
Published: April 2020

Network theories have been put forward for psychopathology (in which mental disorders originate from causal relations between symptoms) and for personality (in which personality factors originate from coupled equilibria of cognitions, affect states, behaviours, and environments). Here, we connect these theoretical strands in an overarching personality–resilience–psychopathology model. In this model, factors in personality networks control the shape of the dynamical landscape in which symptom networks evolve; for example, the neuroticism item ‘I often feel blue’ measures a general tendency to experience negative affect, which is hypothesized to influence the threshold parameter of the symptom ‘depressed mood’ in the psychopathology network. Conversely, events at the level of the fast–evolving psychopathology network (e.g. a depressive episode) can influence the slow–evolving personality variables (e.g. by increasing feelings of worthlessness). We apply the theory to neuroticism and major depressive disorder. Through simulations, we show that the model can accommodate important phenomena, such as the strong relation between neuroticism and depression and individual differences in the change of neuroticism levels and development of depression over time. The results of the simulation are implemented in an online, interactive simulation tool. Implications for research into the relationship between personality and psychopathology are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Comparison of lumbar segmental stabilization and general exercises on clinical and radiologic criteria in grade‐I spondylolisthesis patients: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohammadimajd Elaheh , Lotfinia Iraj , Salahzadeh Zahra , Aghazadeh Nasser , Noras Parisa , Ghaderi Fariba , Poureisa Masoud , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Choopani Rasool
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The effects of different physiotherapy protocols on patients suffering from grade‐I spondylolisthesis have been thus far examined in a limited number of clinical trials. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of lumbar segmental stabilization and general exercises on clinical and radiologic criteria in grade‐I spondylolisthesis patients.

Methods

This study was a double‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a test–retest design and parallel groups. A total of 26 patients with grade‐I spondylolisthesis were thus randomly assigned to experimental group (13 patients, lumbar segmental stabilization exercises) and control group (13 patients, general exercises). Subsequently, pain, functional disability, kinesiophobia, translational motion, angular motion and slip percentage of the vertebra were investigated.

Results

Of the 120 people recruited in this study, only 26 patients were eligible. According to pre/post‐intervention comparison, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the experimental group in terms of pain (p = 0.000), functional disability (p = 0.004), kinesiophobia (p = 0.002), translational motion (p = 0.043) and angular motion (p = 0.011), but not for slip percentage (p = 0.122). Considering the control group, a statistically significant decline was reported for pain (p = 0.043) and functional disability (p = 0.002). However, no significant differences were found for other variables in the control group. With regard to inter‐group comparison, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the given variables except for kinesiophobia (p = 0.040).

Conclusion

Both lumbar segmental stabilization and general exercises led to reduction in pain and functional disability of patients with grade‐I spondylolisthesis. Therefore, lumbar segmental stabilization exercises seemed to be better than general ones with reference to improving kinesiophobia and intervertebral movements.
Morphology Effect of 1D ZnO Nanostructures Designed by Hydrothermal and Thermal Annealing for Fast Ultraviolet Photodetector Applications
Authors: Kim Dongwan , Leem Jae-Young
Published: April 2020

ZnO nanorods are grown on a ZnO seed layer using the hydrothermal method and subsequently annealed at temperatures of 400–800 °C. The ZnO nanorods annealed at 400 °C exhibit a morphology similar to that of the unannealed ZnO nanorods. However, the tips of the ZnO nanorods gradually become rounded and their density and diameter increase with an increase in the annealing temperature. The intensity of the near‐band‐edge emission increases gradually with an increase in the annealing temperature from 400 to 600 °C but decreases sharply in the case of nanorods annealed at 800 °C. With respect to the deep‐level emissions, broad yellow, orange, and green emissions are observed. Further, the low‐temperature photoluminescence spectrum measured at 12 K of the ZnO nanorods annealed at 600 °C contains a donor‐bound exciton emission, as well as emissions related to the donor–acceptor pair (DAP) transition and the first‐order and second‐order longitudinal optical phonon replicas of the DAP transition. Finally, with respect to the photoresponse, the dark current and photocurrent of the nanorods decrease and their photosensitivity increases with the increase in the annealing temperature.
Anti‐Counterfeiting Microstructures Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Authors: Qian Jing , Zhao Quan-Zhong
Published: April 2020

Anti‐counterfeiting microstructures are induced by ultrashort laser pulses in four kinds of materials. 1) Computer‐generated holograms of “SIOM” are written pixel‐by‐pixel using focused laser pulses by evaporation of aluminum films on silica substrates. Pixels are well‐defined holes, which can be reconstructed by He–Ne laser. 2) On stainless steel, surface ripples are induced with its orientation perpendicular to laser polarization. With “S‐O” and “I‐M” written with orthogonal laser polarizations, selective display of “SIOM” is achieved. Spatially overlapped “E” and “F” are also selectively displayed. 3) Luminous point defect of non‐bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) is generated in hydroxyl‐fused silica by ultrashort laser pulses. Due to photoluminescence (PL) of NBOHC, a barcode fabricated in hydroxyl‐fused silica is invisible in sunlight, while can be read out by 254 nm UV light. 4) Long persistent luminescence (LPL) is a phenomenon that PL continues for an obvious length of time when excitation source is removed. In homemade Mn2+‐doped germanate glass, LPL is observed from characters of “SIOM” written by laser pulses. “SIOM” then act as luminous centers. An exposure of 365 nm UV light enables the reappearance of LPL in “SIOM.” These phenomena can enable anti‐counterfeiting applications, and the mechanisms are also discussed.
Reversible and Irreversible Degradation of CdS/ZnSe Nanocrystals Capped with Oleic Acid
Authors: Zabolotskii Mikhail Sergeevich , Katsaba Alexey Victorovich , Ambrozevich Sergey Aleksandrovich , Vitukhnovsky Alexei Grigorievich , Vasiliev Roman Borisovich
Published: April 2020

Single‐photon processes of optically induced degradation of the photoluminescence intensity in CdS/ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated, and the mechanisms of this degradation are established. It is demonstrated that three processes contribute to the photodegradation of the NCs. The corresponding characteristic times are of about 9.9 s, 260 s, and 2 h. In these experiments, it is found that the short‐term process in the degradation is caused by the activation of Auger recombination when a photoinduced hole is captured in a surface trap, and the long‐term process can be associated with the temperature‐induced detachment of the ligand (oleic acid) from the NC surface and activation of the non‐radiative relaxation channel. The hole detrapping time is calculated to be 135 s.
Synthesis, X‐Ray Structures, and Fluxional Properties of Symmetrical, Asymmetrical Binuclear and Cubane Type Copper(I) Complexes Bearing the Pyrrole‐Based P, N‐Hetero Donor Ligand
Authors: Das Sanghamitra , Subramaniyan Vasudevan , Mondal Munmun , Mani Ganesan
Published: April 2020

The 1 : 1 reaction between 2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolylmethyl)‐5‐(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyrrole L and CuX (X=Cl, and Br) in THF afforded the symmetrical binuclear copper(I) complexes [Cu(μ‐X){μ‐C4H2NH‐2‐(CH2PPh2)‐5‐(CH2Me2pz)‐κ2P,N}]2, having one type of copper environment. When X=I, the asymmetrical complex having two copper environments was isolated, in addition to the symmetrical complex as crystals. Interestingly, the 1 : 2 ratio reaction between L and CuCl gave a distorted cubane type complex [Cu4Cl4{μ‐C4H2NH‐2‐(CH2PPh2)‐5‐(CH2Me2pz)‐κ2P,N}2], while the CuBr and CuI reactions did not give similar cubane complexes. Conversely, the 2 : 1 (L : Cu) ratio reactions using CuX (X=Cl, Br and I) in THF suggest the formation of four coordinate bis‐chelated copper(I) complex of the type [CuL2]+ in solution, in addition to the binuclear complexes. The X‐ray solid state structures of [CuL2X2] (X=Br and I) are retained in solution, in contrast to its chloride derivative giving two signals in 31P{1H} NMR spectrum. The formation of the binuclear complexes from [CuL2]+ and their equilibria were shown by variable temperature NMR, 31P{1H} 2D NOESY and HRMS studies. In addition, the reaction of L with [Cu(CH3CN)4]BF4 gave yet another binuclear complex [Cu2L2][BF4]2 which was characterized by spectroscopic methods. This study lends support for the hemilability of L.
Achieving Eco‐Compatible Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency >16.5% Based on an Iridium Complex‐Incorporated Polymer Donor
Authors: Sun Rui , Wang Tao , Luo Zhenghui , Hu Zhicheng , Huang Fei , Yang Chuluo , Min Jie
Published: April 2020

The field of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has seen rapid development after the reports of high‐performance photovoltaic materials. Herein, iridium (Ir) complexes (1.5 mol%) are introduced to the polymer backbone of PM6, and a new π‐conjugated polymer PM6‐Ir1.5 is developed. Further analysis indicates that this approach can rationally modify the molecular packing order of PM6 to achieve suitable nanoscale morphology, efficient charge transport properties, and reduced carrier recombination losses, and significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of the resulting PSCs based on Y6‐C2 as non‐fullerene acceptor with good solubility in common solvents. Optimized devices obtain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.09%, whereas the corresponding devices fabricated using the green solvent achieve a remarkable PCE of 16.52%, which is the highest value reported so far in the literature for non‐halogenated PSCs.
High‐Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Morphology‐Modulated Hole Transfer and Improved Ultraviolet Photostability
Authors: Zhang Kang-Ning , Jiang Zhi-Nan , Wang Tong , Niu Meng-Si , Feng Lin , Qin Chao-Chao , So Shu-Kong , Hao Xiao-Tao
Published: April 2020

A ternary bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) strategy that synergistically combines the merits of fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors has been regarded as a promising approach to enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the fullerene derivative ICBA as the morphology regulator is incorporated into a nonfullerene‐based PBDB‐T‐2F:BTP‐4Cl (PM6:BTP‐4Cl) system to fabricate the high‐performance ternary OSCs. The amorphous ICBA prefers to homogeneously distribute in the BTP‐4Cl phase to form the well‐mixed acceptor domains due to their better miscibility, which distinctly reduces the exciton decay loss driven by the unfavorable phase separation and enhances BHJ morphology stability of ternary blends. The appropriate addition of ICBA induces the efficient long‐range Förster resonance energy transfer to BTP‐4Cl and facilitates the ultrafast hole transfer process from BTP‐4Cl to PM6, thereby contributing to charge carrier generation in the actual devices. Ultimately, the optimal ternary OSCs not only yield an average PCE higher than 16.5% but also show the superior ultraviolet photostability relative to binary control devices due to the increased harvesting of ultraviolet photons, boosted charge transfer, more balanced charge transport, and more stable nanostructural morphology. The results provide new insights to enable the simultaneously improved device performance and ultraviolet durability in state‐of‐the‐art ternary OSCs.
Selective isolation of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate from green tea
Authors: Aytaç Ezgi , Sökmen Münevver
Published: April 2020

Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate is a primary bioactive constituent part of green tea that has preservative influence on human health. Due to the small amounts and high expenditure of trading epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, it is necessary to improve a trade‐operational and influential preliminary method to purify epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate from natural funds. This study suggests that the polyamide column separation is a simple method for large‐scale separation and purification of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate from green tea for food applications. The most important innovation in this study is that high standard yield and high purity epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate are obtained from polyamide column after catechin mixture is obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. The purity of caffeine is checked with thin‐layer chromatography and high performance thin‐layer chromatography the resulting decaffeinated catechin mixture is isolated on polyamide support column using ethanol: water mixture as eluent. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate is isolated from the mixture as pure. The pure epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate is obtained starting with a mixture of 75% ethanol and 25% water elution.
Composition of browses consumed by Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) sampled from home ranges in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Okena Daniel Solomon , Paul Oliver , Dabek Lisa
Published: April 2020

Twenty‐six samples (n = 24 spp.) of foods eaten, including ferns, shrubs, vines, orchids, herbaceous plants, and tree leaves, were collected from the Yopno, Uruwa, and Som Conservation Area at approximately 1,800 m altitude on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Samples were weighed fresh in the field and transported to the Lae National Herbarium in PNG for drying and confirmed identification, before transporting to the US for analysis of primary nutrient composition and minerals. Water content averaged 76 ± 10% (mean ± standard deviation); on a dry matter (DM) basis, foods averaged moderate protein (11 ± 5%), and soluble carbohydrate (27 ± 8%) content, along with exceptionally low starch (1 ± 1%) and crude fat (3 ± 2%) values, and moderate to high values in fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber 52 ± 13%, acid detergent fiber 39 ± 10%, lignin 15 ± 6%). Calculated metabolizable energy content of native forages averaged 1.9 ± 0.3 Mcal/kg DM (ruminant model). Macromineral concentrations (DM basis) were not exceptional (calcium 1.1 ± 1.0%, phosphorus 0.2 ± 0.1%, magnesium 0.3 ± 0.2%, potassium 1.8 ± 0.9%, sodium 0.02 ± 0.02%), and select trace minerals were within anticipated ranges for herbivores (copper 12 ± 13 mg/kg, iron 48 ± 26 mg/kg, zinc 34 ± 18 mg/kg) with the exception of manganese (268 ± 225 mg/kg), which could be considered on the high end of dietary adequacy for most herbivores. These data provide useful information that can be used to adjust nutrient targets for dietary development and feeding management of captive populations of tree kangaroos.