bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering the Activity of Old Yellow Enzyme NemR-PS for Efficient Reduction of (E/Z)-Citral to (S)-Citronellol
Authors: Feng Binbin , Li Xia , Jin Lijun , Wang Yi , Tang Yi , Hua Yuhao , Lu Chenze , Sun Jie , Zhang Yinjun , Ying Xiangxian
Published: June 2022

The cascade catalysis of old yellow enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase has become a promising approach for one pot, two-step reduction of (E/Z)-citral to (S)-citronellol, serving as a chiral alcohol with rose fragrance. During the multi-enzymatic cascade catalysis, old yellow enzyme is responsible for the reduction of the conjugated C=C and the introduction of the chiral center, requiring high activity and (S)-enantioselectiviy. Herein, to improve the activity of the old yellow enzyme from Providencia stuartii (NemR-PS) with strict (S)-enantioselectivity, the semi-rational design on its substrate binding pocket was performed through a combination of homology modeling, molecular docking analysis, alanine scanning and iterative saturation mutagenesis. The NemR-PS variant D275G/F351A with improved activity was obtained and then purified for characterization, obeying the substrate inhibition kinetics. Compared with the wild type, the parameters Ki and Kcat/Km were increased from 39.79 mM and 2.09 s−1mM−1 to 128.50 mM and 5.01 s−1mM−1, respectively. Moreover, the variant D275G/F351A maintained strict (S)-enantioselectivity, avoiding the trade-off effect between activity and enantioselectivity. Either the enzyme NemR-PS or the variant D275G/F351A was co-expressed with alcohol dehydrogenase from Yokenella sp. WZY002 (YsADH) and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium (BmGDHM6). In contrast to the whole-cell biocatalyst co-expressing NemR-PS, that co-expressing the variant D275G/F351A shortened the reaction time from 36 h to 12 h in the reduction of 400 mM (E/Z)-citral. In the manner of substrate constant feeding, the accumulated product concentration reached up to 500 mM and completely eliminate the residual intermediate and by-product, suggesting the effectiveness of protein engineering and substrate engineering to improve catalytic efficiency.
Lung Spatial Profiling Reveals a T Cell Signature in COPD Patients with Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Yang Chen Xi , Tomchaney Michael , Landecho Manuel F. , Zamacona Borja R. , Marin Oto Marta , Zulueta Javier , Malo Joshua , Knoper Steve , Contoli Marco , Papi Alberto , Vasilescu Dragoş M. , Sauler Maor , Straub Christof , Tan Cheryl , Martinez Fernando D. , Bhattacharya Deepta , Rosas Ivan O. , Kheradmand Farrah , Hackett Tillie-Louise , Polverino Francesca
Published: June 2022

People with pre-existing lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to get very sick from SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19). Still, an interrogation of the immune response to COVID-19 infection, spatially throughout the lung structure, is lacking in patients with COPD. For this study, we characterized the immune microenvironment of the lung parenchyma, airways, and vessels of never- and ever-smokers with or without COPD, all of whom died of COVID-19, using spatial transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. The parenchyma, airways, and vessels of COPD patients, compared to control lungs had (1) significant enrichment for lung-resident CD45RO+ memory CD4+ T cells; (2) downregulation of genes associated with T cell antigen priming and memory T cell differentiation; and (3) higher expression of proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 entry and primary receptor ubiquitously across the ROIs and in particular the lung parenchyma, despite similar SARS-CoV-2 structural gene expression levels. In conclusion, the lung parenchyma, airways, and vessels of COPD patients have increased T-lymphocytes with a blunted memory CD4 T cell response and a more invasive SARS-CoV-2 infection pattern and may underlie the higher death toll observed with COVID-19.
Role of Mitochondria Transfer in Infertility: A Commentary
Authors: Rodríguez-Varela Cristina , Labarta Elena
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria transfer techniques were first designed to prevent the transmission of diseases due to mutations in mtDNA, as these organelles are exclusively transmitted to the offspring by the oocyte. Despite this, given the crucial role of mitochondria in oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development, these approaches have been proposed as new potential strategies to overcome poor oocyte quality in infertile patients. This condition is a very common cause of infertility in patients of advanced maternal age, and patients with previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt failures of oocyte origin. In this context, the enrichment or the replacement of the whole set of the oocyte mitochondria may improve its quality and increase these patients’ chances of success after an IVF treatment. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the main human studies using heterologous and autologous mitochondria transfer techniques in the reproductive field, focusing on the etiology of the treated patients and the final outcome. Although there is no current clearly superior mitochondria transfer technique, efforts must be made in order to optimize them and bring them into regular clinical practice, giving these patients a chance to achieve a pregnancy with their own oocytes.
Characterization of Protein–Membrane Interactions in Yeast Autophagy
Authors: Leary Kelsie A. , Ragusa Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Cells rely on autophagy to degrade cytosolic material and maintain homeostasis. During autophagy, content to be degraded is encapsulated in double membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which fuse with the yeast vacuole for degradation. This conserved cellular process requires the dynamic rearrangement of membranes. As such, the process of autophagy requires many soluble proteins that bind to membranes to restructure, tether, or facilitate lipid transfer between membranes. Here, we review the methods that have been used to investigate membrane binding by the core autophagy machinery and additional accessory proteins involved in autophagy in yeast. We also review the key experiments demonstrating how each autophagy protein was shown to interact with membranes.
MicroRNA Networks in Cognition and Dementia
Authors: Blount Grace S. , Coursey Layton , Kocerha Jannet
Published: June 2022

The change from viewing noncoding RNA as “junk” in the genome to seeing it as a critical epigenetic regulator in almost every human condition or disease has forced a paradigm shift in biomedical and clinical research. Small and long noncoding RNA transcripts are now routinely evaluated as putative diagnostic or therapeutic agents. A prominent role for noncoding microRNAs in the central nervous system has uncovered promising new clinical candidates for dementia-related disorders, treatments for which currently remain elusive even as the percentage of diagnosed patients increases significantly. Cognitive decline is a core neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer’s Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, Huntington’s Disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, and a significant portion of Parkinson’s Disease patients. This review will discuss the microRNA-associated networks which influence these pathologies, including inflammatory and viral-mediated pathways (such as the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus implicated in COVID-19), and their current status in clinical trials.
Cermet Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Jose Subin Antony , John Merbin , Menezes Pradeep L.
Published: June 2022

Cermet is an advanced class of material consisting of a hard ceramic phase along with a metallic binding phase with the combined advantages of both the ceramic and the metal phase. The superior properties of this class of materials are particularly useful in high-temperature, tribological, and machining applications. This review paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the various cermet systems. More specifically, the most commonly used cermet systems based on tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are discussed based on their development, properties, and applications. The effect of different metallic binders and their composition on the tribological and mechanical properties of these cermet systems is elaborated. The most common processing techniques for cermet systems, such as powder metallurgy (PM), reaction synthesis (RS), thermal spray (TS), cold spray (CS), and laser-based additive manufacturing techniques are discussed. The influence of the processing parameters in each case is evaluated. Finally, the applications and challenges of cermet systems are summarized.
Detecting the Bitterness of Milk-Protein-Derived Peptides Using an Electronic Tongue
Authors: Nath Arijit , Eren Burak Atilla , Zinia Zaukuu John-Lewis , Koris András , Pásztorné-Huszár Klára , Szerdahelyi Emőke , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: June 2022

Bitterness is a considerable limiting factor for the application of bioactive peptides in the food industry. The objective of this study was to compare the level of bitterness of milk-protein-derived peptides using an electronic tongue (E-tongue). Liquid milk protein concentrate (LMPC) was prepared from ultra-heat-treated skimmed cow’s milk. It was initially hydrolyzed with different concentrations of trypsin, namely, 0.008 g·L−1, 0.016 g·L−1 and 0.032 g·L−1. In a later exercise, tryptic-hydrolyzed LMPC (LMPC-T) was further hydrolyzed using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The effect of glucose in microbial hydrolysis was studied. The bitterness of peptides was evaluated with respect to quinine, a standard bittering agent. The level of bitterness of the peptides after microbial hydrolysis of LMPC-T (LMPC-T-F and LMPC-T-FG) was evaluated using a potentiometric E-tongue equipped with a sensor array that had seven chemically modified field-effect transistor sensors. The results of the measurements were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), and subsequently, a classification of the models was built using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method. The bitterness of peptides in LMPC-T-F and LMPC-T-FG was increased with the increase in the concentration of trypsin. The bitterness of peptides was reduced in LMPC-T-FG compared with LMPC-T-F. The potential application of the E-tongue using a standard model solution with quinine was shown to follow the bitterness of peptides.
Automated Movement Analysis to Predict Cerebral Palsy in Very Preterm Infants: An Ambispective Cohort Study
Authors: Raghuram Kamini , Orlandi Silvia , Church Paige , Luther Maureen , Kiss Alex , Shah Vibhuti
Published: June 2022

The General Movements Assessment requires extensive training. As an alternative, a novel automated movement analysis was developed and validated in preterm infants. Infants < 31 weeks’ gestational age or birthweight ≤ 1500 g evaluated at 3–5 months using the general movements assessment were included in this ambispective cohort study. The C-statistic, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for a predictive model. A total of 252 participants were included. The median gestational age and birthweight were 274/7 weeks (range 256/7–292/7 weeks) and 960 g (range 769–1215 g), respectively. There were 29 cases of cerebral palsy (11.5%) at 18–24 months, the majority of which (n = 22) were from the retrospective cohort. Mean velocity in the vertical direction, median, standard deviation, and minimum quantity of motion constituted the multivariable model used to predict cerebral palsy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were 55%, 80%, 26%, and 93%, respectively. C-statistic indicated good fit (C = 0.74). A cluster of four variables describing quantity of motion and variability of motion was able to predict cerebral palsy with high specificity and negative predictive value. This technology may be useful for screening purposes in very preterm infants; although, the technology likely requires further validation in preterm and high-risk term populations.
Out-of-Season Epidemic of Respiratory Syncytial Virus during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The High Burden of Child Hospitalization in an Academic Hospital in Southern Italy in 2021
Authors: Loconsole Daniela , Centrone Francesca , Rizzo Caterina , Caselli Désirée , Orlandi Azzurra , Cardinale Fabio , Serio Cristina , Giordano Paola , Lassandro Giuseppe , Milella Leonardo , Ficarella Maria Teresa , Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Laforgia Nicola , Chironna Maria
Published: June 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of hospitalization in young children. In the last 2 years, public health measures aimed at controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have affected the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV worldwide. The aim of this descriptive retrospective observational study was to describe the characteristics of children hospitalized with RSV in an academic tertiary care hospital in Southern Italy in 2021. We also investigate the seasonal trends of RSV from 2017 to 2021. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical data, and coinfections were retrospectively evaluated. Compared with previous seasons, the 2021 outbreak of RSV was characterized by an increased number of patients, with a delayed peak observed in November. Overall, 179 children, including 128 (71.5%) aged <12 months, were hospitalized for RSV infection between August and December 2021. Ten children (5.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), all aged <5 months. One patient (0.5%) aged <1 month with severe comorbidities died. The severity of symptoms was significantly associated with younger age, underlying chronic disease, and the length of hospital stay (p < 0.05 each). History of prematurity was not significantly associated with the presence of coinfections. Because of the high burden of RSV infection and the expected larger RSV epidemics resulting from a greater number of RSV-naïve children, systematic epidemiological and virological surveillance is needed. Appropriate pathways for access to RSV prevention in all infants should also be introduced.
Retrospective Cohort Study on Potential Risk Factors for Repeated Need of Dental Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia in a Private Pediatric Dental Practice
Authors: Karl Viktoria , Scholz Konstantin Johannes , Hiller Karl-Anton , Tabenski Isabelle , Schenke Frederike , Buchalla Wolfgang , Kirschneck Christian , Bekes Katrin , Cieplik Fabian
Published: June 2022

The need for dental rehabilitations under general anesthesia (DRGAs) is continuously increasing, particularly for dental treatment of children. The present retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate potential risk factors for repeated need of DRGA in a cohort of patients from a private pediatric dental practice. Demographic and anamnestic data, dental status, and treatments performed during DRGA were retrospectively analyzed from the electronic dental charts of 1155 children that received at least one DRGA between October 2016 and December 2021. The median age of all children was 5 years at time of their first DRGA. The rate of repeated DRGAs was 9%. Patients with repeated need of DRGA were significantly younger at time of their first DRGA and revealed significantly more often a history of preterm birth and current use of a baby bottle as compared to patients with only one DRGA. There were significantly fewer treatments (regardless of type) in the second DRGA than at the first. Within the limitations of this study, young age at first DRGA, a history of preterm birth, and current use of a baby bottle may be risk factors for repeated need of DRGA. The search for effective strategies to minimize the repeated need for DRGA in children remains critical.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Site Reactivation of Kawasaki Disease in Infants under 3 Months of Age: Relation with Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Roh Da Eun , Kwon Jung Eun , Kim Yeo Hyang
Published: June 2022

Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in infants under 3 months of age is challenging. This study aimed to confirm the diagnostic efficacy of BCGitis in patients with Kawasaki disease aged <3 months. Overall, 473 children were enrolled; they were grouped by age into group 1 (≤3 months, n = 19) and group 2 (>3 months, n = 454). Data, including clinical features and laboratory results, were analyzed and compared between the groups. In group 1, 89% of patients showed Bacille Calmette-Guérin site reactivation. In group 1, total duration of fever and fever duration before initial treatment were significantly shorter than in group 2 (p = 0.001). The incidences of conjunctival injection, changes in extremities (erythema and edema), and cervical lymphadenopathy were significantly lower (p = 0.006, p = 0.040, and p < 0.001, respectively), and desquamation was higher in group 1 (p = 0.004). The incidences of incomplete Kawasaki disease, coronary artery complications, and resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin did not differ between the groups. Kawasaki disease should be suspected in infants aged <3 months with unexplained fever and BCGitis, even if the principal clinical symptoms are not fully presented. BCGitis in infantile Kawasaki disease is a useful sign and can help in the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
Microparticulated Mefenamic Acid with High Dispersion Stability for Pediatric Dosage Form
Authors: Yamazaki Moe , Shimamura Emi , Hanawa Takehisa , Kawano Yayoi
Published: June 2022

Mefenamic acid (MFA), a water-insoluble drug, is used as a suspension in the medical field, but it requires shaking before using to disperse MFA content in the suspension. In previous studies, trials to prepare MFA suspension with high dispersion stability by atomizing MFA by the wet-milling method. However, HPC is used for atomizing MFA. Therefore, the optimum concentration and molecular weight for atomizing MFA have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the optimum molecular weight and concentration of HPC for the micronization of MFA. As a result, MFA particles became fine particles by adding SDS, and the particle size was also smaller than that of HPC alone. In addition, the suspension with the highest dispersion stability can be obtained when a mixed solution of 1.0% HPC-SL and 0.12% SDS aqueous solution is used. Therefore, this study considers that the addition of SDS and 1.0% HPC-SL aqueous solution are optimal for improving the dispersion stability of the MFA suspension.
Effect of Cerium Tartrate on the Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Coating on Aluminum Alloy and Its Mechanism
Authors: Chen Xueping , Tang Jianhua , Wei Han , Zhang Hanlu , Tang Yuming , Zhao Xuhui , Zuo Yu
Published: June 2022

The inhibition effect and mechanism of cerium tartrate (CeTar) as a pigment in epoxy coating on AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. Two kinds of coatings were applied on the substrate, including a single-layer epoxy coating with CeTar distributed uniformly and a double-layer coating composed of an inner layer doped with CeTar and an outer layer with no CeTar. The protective performances of the coatings were assessed by a Machu test and an Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of CeTar in the coating was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the addition of CeTar can evidently improve the protective performance of the epoxy coating for a long time (>520 d). This might have relationship with the modification effect on the epoxy coating by cerium salts, and also may be due to the synergistic inhibitory effect by tartrate group and cerium ions on the alloy substrate after their continuous releasing to the coating/alloy interface and forming of a protective film. The double-layer coating provides similar protective properties to the single-layer coating. This suggested that creating a protective film on the aluminum alloy substrate could result in a greater contribution to improving the protection performance of the coating.
Powder and High-Solid Coatings
Authors: Rossi Stefano
Published: June 2022

This Special Issue presents a series of research papers and reviews about the actual trend of powder and high solid coatings which show the advantage of great environmental sustainability by avoiding the massive use of organic solvents. Moreover, some very interesting studies exist on the move from a simple protective layer to a smart coating with additional properties, both for the aesthetic and functional aspects.
Hygienic assessment of the use of masks by airport workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Moscow, Shashina Ekaterina Andreevna , Zhernov Yury Vladimirovic ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Belova Elena Vladimirovna ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Shcherbakov Denis Virktorovich ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Sukhov Vitaly Alexandrovich ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Makarova Valentina Vladimirovna ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Isiutina-Fedotkova Tatiana Sergeevna ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Zabroda Nadezhda Nikolaevna ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University, Mitrokhin Oleg Vladimirovich ,   General Hygiene Department of Sechenov University
Published: June 2022

The use of respiratory protection is one of the measures for the non-specific prophylaxis of coronavirus infection. The wearing of masks is mandatory for the entire population in several countries, including Russia. The object of the study is airport workers who are at an increased risk of infection. They are in contact with many passengers arriving from other countries where mass vaccination has not yet been carried out. The study aims to assess the hygienic prevalence of adverse reactions when using face masks, to identify risk factors for their occurrence. A questionnaire survey and an evaluation of the bacterial contamination of the masks after wearing were carried out. Face sweating under the mask (68.60 %) and feeling short of breath (66.94 %) were the most frequent and pronounced reactions to wearing in comparison with other manifestations (p < 0.001). The more often an adverse reaction occurred, the more apparent it was (r = 0.79–0.95). We found a moderate positive relationship between wearing time and the frequency of facial sweating (r = 0.31). Facial skin reactions were more frequent and pronounced among users of a cotton mask compared with users of neoprene and non-woven masks. An association was found between the frequency and severity of skin manifestations and bacterial contamination of the inner mask’s surface after wearing. A moderate positive relationship was found between the colonies number and wearing time for neoprene and cotton masks (r = 0.33 and 0.46, respectively). The number of colonies increases with the duration of wearing. Factors aggravating adverse reactions’ manifestation: problem skin, young age, moderate and hard work. Recommended: keep the skin clean and well hydrated, change the mask every 2 hours, select the face mask size, fix mask on the face so as not to cause chafing and squeezing of the skin.
Moscow Sanitary Organization at the turning point of epochs
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University (MCPU), professor of the Department of Specialized Hygienic Disciplines, Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Denisov Leonid Anatolievich
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the prerequisites for the formation and formation of the Moscow sanitary organization at the beginning of the twentieth century. The main aspects characterizing the sanitary and epidemic situation at the turn of the century and in the first years after the revolution of 2017 are presented. The names of the first members of the Moscow Sanitary Organization, including those who had served in its ranks by the time of the official recognition of the position in 1922 — sanitary doctor, are named. This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR «On sanitary authorities of the Republic».
A systematic review of translation and experimental studies on internal anal sphincter for fecal incontinence
Authors: Kim Minsung , Oh Bo-Young , Lee Ji-Seon , Yoon Dogeon , Chun Wook , Son Il Tae
Published: June 2022

The complexity in the molecular mechanism of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) limits preclinical or clinical outcomes of fecal incontinence (FI) treatment. So far, there are no systematic reviews of IAS translation and experimental studies that have been reported. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of IAS critical role in FI. Previous studies revealed the key pathway for basal tone and relaxation of IAS in different properties as follows; calcium, Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing serine/threonine kinase, aging-associated IAS dysfunction, oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, cyclooxygenase, and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Previous studies have reported improved functional outcomes of cellular treatment for regeneration of dysfunctional IAS, using various stem cells, but did not demonstrate the interrelationship between those results and basal tone or relaxation-related molecular pathway of IAS. Furthermore, these results have lower specificity for IAS-incontinence due to the included external anal sphincter or nerve injury regardless of the cell type. An acellular approach using bioengineered IAS showed a physiologic response of basal tone and relaxation response similar to human IAS. However, in both cellular and acellular approaches, the lack of human IAS data still hampers clinical application. Therefore, the IAS regeneration presents more challenges and warrants more advances.
La modernización del Acuerdo de Asociación Unión Europea - México: entre el cambio y la continuidad
Authors: Serrano Enriqueta
Published: June 2022

En el marco de la consolidación de una autonomía estratégica abierta que le permita enfrentar los desafíos actuales, la Unión Europea (UE) ha emprendido el reto de reforzar la cooperación global a través de su amplia red de acuerdos de asociación y libre comercio. México ha sostenido una relación estrecha con la UE a partir del Acuerdo Global, en vigencia desde el año 2000; en 2016 se anunció su modernización con el fin de impulsar un acuerdo de última generación que responda a los cambios internacionales e incorpore elementos cruciales para el desarrollo sostenible, como cláusulas sociales y medioambientales. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de este documento es identificar y analizar en qué medida la modernización y ratificación del Acuerdo Global México-Unión Europea —y su pleno aprovechamiento— pueden contribuir a una mejor inserción internacional en materia económica de cada parte, a su papel en las relaciones internacionales, y a las transiciones que deben emprender en aspectos como el desarrollo sostenible, la digitalización y la cohesión social. A través de los pilares del Acuerdo Global, en términos de diálogo político, comercio y cooperación, se trata, en concreto, de evidenciar el potencial del acuerdo en aras de reafirmar su autonomía estratégica y coadyuvar al fortalecimiento del multilateralismo.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY IN THE 1990S AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PENSION SYSTEM
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Economics and Management, Egorshin A.P. , Gus’kova I.V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study is an attempt to substantiate the impact of the transformational crisis of the Russian economy on the reform of the pension system in the 1990s, to reveal the mistakes in the formation of the post-Soviet pension system and the shortcomings of the current practice of pension provision. As a methodological basis for the study, the authors use statistical analysis of socio-economic indicators of this period and an analysis of legal documents, federal laws and scientific literature devoted to studying the development of the pension system in the Russian Federation. As a result of the research, new approaches have been developed to assess and determine the main stages in the formation and development of the Russian pension system in the 1990s with a detailed description of the reforms and problems of the transformational economic crisis, default, denomination, impoverishment of the population in conditions of hyperinflation. The authors analyze the relationship between demographic policy, income policy, economic development and the evolution of the pension system in Russia in the context of a transformational socio-economic cperiod from 1991 to 1999, and the causes of the collapse of the Russian Pension System in the 1990s, among which the main ones are a significant increase in the proportion of pensioners among the population, an excess of state budget expenditures over income, an increase in the state financial pension burden, and the absence of a direct relationship between income and the size of the accrued pension. The paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the pension system in the Russian Federation. The research conclusions are compared with the conclusions of foreign and domestic authors specializing in this topic. The recommendations developed by the authors may be used by public authorities to improve the pension system.risis. The study highlights the factors of the growing crisis state of the Russian economy in the
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT STYLE IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Elin А.M. , Pashin V.N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Sokolovа А.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2022

The subject of the research is the problems of determining leadership and commitment to occupational health and safety, production organization, economic development and management strengthening. The aim of the work is to search for and develop modern styles, methods and techniques of leadership influence on participants in various group communities in the relevant areas of interaction based on generally accepted management theories, including leadership and commitment. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the topic of leadership is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. More and more Russian enterprises are realizing that the effectiveness, success and safety of their activities depend on how strong their leadership potential is. Research methods: a correlation approach in the theory of leadership qualities and their practical application; behavioral and situational concepts. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following results: this paper presents the main concepts of leadership and highlights those moments in the relationship between a leader and followers that make the leader successful and leadership effective. The concepts and essence of leadership are considered, the leadership skills of the head of the organization are determined, the leadership style is identified, the dependence of each employee is traced, the factors that determine leadership and its components are identified, and the relationship between the leadership qualities and the type of leadership style of the head of a particular organization is established Thus, the authors make a conclusion about the insufficient development and use of leadership potential in Russian organizations. And the need to accept leadership as a specific type of managerial interaction aimed at encouraging people to achieve common goals.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIALISTS IN OCCUPATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Moskvina M.S.
Published: June 2022

Today, in accordance with the requirements of Russian legislation, the employer is obliged to ensure the creation and functioning of a labor protection management system, one of the critical elements of which is the procedure for assessing and managing occupational risks. The paper aims to study the existing training programs on occupational health and safety related to issues of occupational risks and analyze the competencies of occupational health and safety specialists, who are entrusted with duties related to the assessment and management of occupational risks. The author uses methods of comparative analysis, analysis of the regulatory framework, scientific literature and open sources. As a result of the study, a scale of competence of occupational health and safety specialists based on the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education was proposed to assess and manage occupational risks in an organization. Federal and regional executive authorities can use the materials and results of this scientific study in the development of methodological recommendations in the field of occupational health and safety, training programs for managers, specialists, and experts in the assessment and management of occupational risks in the organization
DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL INDICATORS DURING COVID-19: REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, INION RAN, Moscow, Russia, Smirnov S.N.
Published: June 2022

The social and economic indicators of the regions of the Russian Federation are the object of this research. The aim of the study is to analyze 2019-2021 changes of individual indicators characterizing the life of the population in the Russian regions at the sub-federal level. The research methods are the analysis of scientific literature, the processing of individual social and economic indicators of state statistics, and the ranking of regions by changes in the social and economic situation in 2021 compared to 2019. The result of the paper is an assessment of the regional differentiation of social indicators in the regions of the Russian Federation in 2019-2021. The research results may be applied in regional development programs in the context of economic sanctions.
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE QUALITY IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE: CHALLENGES, TECHNOLOGIES, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Grigor'yants G.N. , Petrova S.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2022

The object of the study is the system of independent assessment of the service quality (IASQ). The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of social organizations and creating conditions for the provision of services, in the center of which are the interests and needs of their recipient. The aim of the study is to consider the potential of using the IASQ in solving the problem of developing client-centric public administration. The instrumental base of the study consists of methods of content analysis and expert assessments, questionnaires and monitoring studies, a comprehensive analysis of data provided by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and statistical information from the website bus. gov.ru, and databases formed by the authors for almost a decade of the functioning of the IASQ system. The analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of an independent quality assessment system demonstrates the feasibility of its use not only to obtain feedback on the quality of services but to implement consistent reasonable management actions based on the results of the assessment to ensure effective and comfortable interaction between a person and the state. The area of the practical application of the research results is to increase the validity and efficiency of managerial decision-making in the solving the problems of client-centricity in the social sphere, the formation of tools for improving the activities of social organizations for officials of public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and representatives of social organizations responsible for its development.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence Abilities in Library Services
Authors: Al-Aamri Jamila , Osman Nour Eldin
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence applications are one of the most important modern technologies that have emerged in recent times, which have shaped a major change in the functions of institutions, especially the scope of libraries and information. This study was described the role of Artificial Intelligence Applications of knowledge management in different information organizations, as well as to identify the reality of employing artificial intelligence applications in libraries to enrich the Knowledge Management, exposing the relationship between artificial intelligence applications and its ability to develop technical and administrative processes in libraries of Knowledge Management and Knowing the challenges facing the libraries to apply the artificial intelligence applications.
The research is based on descriptive method by content analysis of literature review by listing the most important and related published Arabic and foreign literature it was token the studies that are focused in Artificial Intelligence Applications of knowledge management in information organizations.
The study conclude that the most important results of which are: There are a lot of libraries that apply artificial intelligence technology in their services, whether technical in the provision of services, references and others, which undoubtedly facilitated the ease of retrieval and search for the users, the available studies discussed various aspects of the reality that this new application plays in facilitating library services, and most studies agree on that to facilitate services and their quality intelligence and the application of artificial intelligence requires the availability of a set of basic ingredients and requirements, such as strong technical equipment, and qualified human resources capable of using and developing this technology. The study recommended the necessity for libraries and information centers to strive to keep pace with the changes of artificial intelligence and to make the right investment for knowledge management, increasing field studies to explore the requirements of artificial intelligence technologies and diversity in the services provided by artificial intelligence in the library and activating them effectively
KNOWLEDGE OF BREAST CANCER, RELATED FACTORS AND RESULTS OF BREAST ULTRASOUND BY BIRADS ON WOMEN FROM 35 YEARS OLD AT THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Thao , Vo Ngoc Hong Phuc , Nguyen Hoang Minh Thi , Hoang Thi Ngoc Ha
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignant disease with the leading high morbidity and mortality rate among women. Having deep knowlege of breast cancer of breast cancer helps screening, early detection and timely treatment, which will increase the chances of treatment and reduce the death rate of breast cancer. This study aims to describe knowledge of breast cancer, related factors and BIRADS result, related BIRADS result in ultrasound on women from 35 years old at Thua Thien Hue province. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 women aged 35 and over by multi-stage sampling method, using pre-designed questionnaires including: General information about age, education, current job, economic situation, sources of information receiving breast cancer and history of breast self-examination, breast cancer screening; women’s knowledge about breast cancer and dataset of breast ultrasound images. Results: 28.6% of women had knowledge about breast cancer. In particular, the knowledge score achieved by urban women is higher than rural women (33.5%; 24.0%), (p<0.05). The logistic multivariate regression model tests some factors related to history in screening for breast cancer are have a benign tumor (OR = 2.93; 95% CI 1.54 – 5.56; p<0.05) and knowledge of breast cancer (good with OR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.33 – 3.94; p<0.05). There are 13% of women with BIRADS III and BIRADS IV ultrasound results, the rate of BIRADS III and IV in urban areas is 2.88 times higher than in rural areas (p<0.001). The logistic multivariate regression model tests some factors related to results of breast ultrasound in women are family history of breast cancer (OR = 6.04; 95% CI 1.47 – 24.77; p=0.012) and have a benign tumor (OR = 2.94; 95% CI 1.46 – 5.88; p=0.002). Conclusion: The people’s knowledge about breast cancer is low in both urban and rural areas. Developing media and communication programs to improve women’s knowledge about breast cancer.
Key words: breast cancer, BIRADS, breast ultrasound
Impact of Moral Disengagement on Counterproductive work behaviours in IT Sector, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Ali Qazi
Published: June 2022

This research examines the role of moral disengagement towards counterproductive work behaviour in the information technology sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, research is also focused on the mediating effect of information security awareness (Attitude & knowledge) and information security awareness behaviours. The target population consisted of public sector I.T. departments of Punjab, Pakistan. A convenience sampling technique is utilized. Data collection has been done through a survey questionnaire from technical and non-technical staff currently employed in the Public sector I.T. departments of province Punjab. Statistical software PLS-SEM is used for analysis. This study highlights the role of the information technology sector staffing level of engagement that affects the employee’s counterproductive work behaviour and information security awareness behaviour. Moreover, the study proposes that management should take the initiative for the implementation of strategies that may be helpful to get awareness about information security amongst employees.
An Ontological Model for a National Cyber-attack Response in South Africa
Authors: Kondlo Aphile , Leenen Louise , Van Vuuren Joey Jansen
Published: June 2022

South Africa is increasingly targeted by cyber criminals and is often ranked under the top five countries suffering the most cyber-attacks. In an initiative to counter these attacks, the South African government has initiated various measures such as a National Cybersecurity Policy Framework Policy (NCPF) and a Cybercrimes Act. However, the structures and policies that follow from these measures have not been fully implemented yet. Although the government published the NCPF in 2015 and enacted the Cybercrimes Act in May 2021, there is still a gap in terms of interoperability and shared understanding within the environment. In addition, numerous new structures have been established and others are still being planned. One example of a new structure is the Cybersecurity Hub, the national CSIRT, which is mandated to co-ordinate attack information and provide support for cyber incidents. In addition, the Hub must also implement a national Cybersecurity Awareness program.

This paper presents a model for the Cybersecurity Hub in the event of a cyber incident in South Africa. The model is based on different attack scenarios and depicts the complex interoperability problem of the various roles, responsibilities, and interactions of role players when there is a cyber incident. One of the scenarios is an attack on critical infrastructure. The model is a prototype of a semantic knowledge base (an ontology) that will help with planning and decision making. Core queries that should be answered concern the critical role players during and after a cyber event; the communication activities that have to take place; and the response actions and the skills required to handle the event.
A Cyber-Diplomacy and Cybersecurity Awareness Framework (CDAF) for Developing Countries
Authors: Zwarts Hendrik , Du Toit Jaco , Von Solms Basie
Published: June 2022

Cybersecurity is high on the agenda of national and international security policy discussions – mostly lead by diplomats. The practise of diplomacy has evolved since the Internet has become the backbone of society as we know it. Technological evolution has resulted in a significantly bigger and more accessible cyberspace, but the ability of governments and institutions to respond to and function in an expanding cyberspace seems to be lagging behind. The practice of diplomacy has similarly changed fundamentally and created a cyber-diplomacy environment where there is an increased utilization of inter alia social media platforms to achieve foreign policy goals. There is not enough attention given to practical processes to guide the new breed of diplomats in the evolving world of cyber-diplomacy and there is a need to improve the cybersecurity awareness of diplomats in all countries, but this article will focus primarily on developing countries. To mitigate potential cyber threats to diplomacy, diplomats need to be subjected to cyber-diplomacy orientation as well as functional cyber awareness training. Preliminary research conducted suggests that there is a gap between the existing and required cyber-diplomacy and cybersecurity awareness levels of diplomats from developing countries. The purpose of the article is to present a cyber-diplomacy and cybersecurity awareness framework (CDAF) that can be used by developing countries to equip their diplomats to play a more constructive role within the international cyber-diplomacy domain. The CDAF comprises of two distinct components, namely cyber-diplomacy and cybersecurity awareness, but this article will focus primarily on the cyber-diplomacy capacity building aspect of the CDAF. The CDAF was developed by following a design science research approach where a real-world problem was identified followed by an in-depth literature review to identify objectives and possible solutions to the problem. The subsequent outcomes were used to design and development of the CDAF. The article concludes with a critical evaluation of the proposed framework as well as how it can be incorporated into the developing cybersecurity knowledge modules of the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE).
SIEM4GS: Security Information and Event Management for a Virtual Ground Station Testbed
Authors: Law Yee Wei , Slay Jill
Published: June 2022

As the space sector continues to grow, so do the cybersecurity risks. As large as the attack surface of a space system is, the ground segment remains an attractive source of intrusion points, not only because of its relative accessibility but also because the ground system is often viewed as little more than a conventional IT system. Thus, a representative security assessment of a space system cannot avoid addressing the vulnerabilities of the associated ground system and the relevant threats. This motivates the construction of a virtual ground station testbed, as part of larger reference platform, to support our ongoing research on the cybersecurity of space systems. Presented here is a discussion of the preliminary work being undertaken at the University of South Australia node of the SmartSat Cooperative Research Centre on such a testbed. A distinguishing feature of the testbed is the integration of a security information and event management (SIEM) system justifying the name of the testbed, “SIEM4GS”. Based on the latest literature on ground stations, a logical architecture and an implementation plan involving only open-source software building blocks for SIEM4GS are proposed. Features of the ground station and SIEM services are discussed. A plan is provided on how to extend the SIEM system from a primarily “detect” role in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to a “detect and respond” role.