bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A necessidade de atuação resolutiva do Ministério Público na resolução dos conflitos ambientais frente aos resultados sobre as ações civis públicas ajuizadas no Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo
Authors: Colombo Silvana Raquel Brendler
Published: April 2020

O Ministério Público brasileiro tem uma posição destacada na defesa dos interesses da sociedade em matéria ambiental, especialmente porque é um dos legitimados ativos da Ação Civil Pública. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo analisa os resultados sobre as Ações Civis Públicas Ambientais, julgadas pelas Câmaras Reservadas à matéria ambiental do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo em 2017, especialmente para identificar o tempo médio de duração de tramitação das ACPs e compará-lo com o tempo médio de resolução consensual dos conflitos na área ambiental. Por fim, defende a consolidação da postura resolutiva do Ministério Público, ao invés da postura demandista, como forma de conferir efetividade à resolução dos conflitos ambientais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, pois se optou pela abordagem empírica do objeto.
A tutela jurídica do ciclo urbano da água: linhas preliminares
Authors: Silva José Irivaldo Alves Oliveira , Farias Talden Queiroz
Published: April 2020

O problema que ensejou o presente ensaio parte da necessidade de se tutelar a água no âmbito do seu ciclo urbano, o que preocupa bastante, na medida em que os países, incluindo-se o Brasil, são essencialmente urbanos. O objetivo do trabalho é justamente descrever o ciclo urbano da água, abordando de que forma ocorre a tutela jurídica do mesmo. O método utilizado foi o indutivo dedutivo, apoiado numa pesquisa bibliográfica e em dados secundários. Verifica-se que há uma fragilizada na tutela do ciclo urbano da água, certamente, por uma precária gestão e regulação dos recursos hídricos.
Nova lei de migração brasileira: potencialidades e desafios ligados ao controle e fiscalização das fronteiras nacionais
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Martins , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as potencialidades e desafios do controle e fiscalização das fronteiras nacionais em face da publicação da nova Lei de Migração atribuição dada à Polícia Federal bem como as propostas que têm sido apresentadas para buscar solucionar o problema das deficiências no controle migratório brasileiro. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com revisão da legislação e doutrina seguindo o método indutivo, os resultados obtidos foram no sentido de uma detida reflexão do papel dos órgãos governamentais com a possibilidade da criação de uma polícia nacional de fronteiras e dos investimentos financeiros necessários em face do crescente fluxo migratório.
Justiça socioambiental e processo de urbanização das cidades
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Pinto Wallace Silva
Published: April 2020

O artigo trata das medidas que o Estado pode adotar para a consecução da distribuição equitativa dos encargos e benefícios na criação de uma cidade mais justa e igualitária. O problema é: a participação popular no processo de urbanização das cidades pode limitar o biopoder exercido a partir da biopolítica? O objetivo central é estudar o fenômeno do usufruto equitativo da cidade e o princípio da justa distribuição das externalidades positivas e negativas no processo de crescimento das urbes. A linha metodológica adotada foi a qualitativa e a jurídico-sociológica, utilizando-se de raciocínio dedutivo, com técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que a participação social democrática efetiva, de fato, restringe o exercício do biopoder no processo de urbanização das cidades.
A governança global no planejamento das cidades e sua relação com o regime internacional das mudanças climáticas
Authors: Goncalves Alcindo Fernandes , Perez Jorge Jurado
Published: April 2020

Uma das principais preocupações atuais no planeta está relacionada com o meio ambiente, especialmente quanto às mudanças climáticas. De outra parte, o desenvolvimento das cidades e sua expansão é identificado como uma das principais causas que contribuem para a intensificação das mudanças climáticas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo é estudar a relação e comunicação existente entre o regime internacional das mudanças climáticas e a governança global no planejamento das cidades.O método de pesquisa para a elaboração do presente artigo foi o teórico-dedutivo. Para seu desenvolvimento, o ponto de partida são os conceitos gerais de regimes internacionais e de governança global para posteriormente identificar que, conforme ações e atividades dos diferentes atores no cenário internacional, é possível falar da existência de uma governança global no planejamento das cidades, cujo desenvolvimento se encontra intimamente relacionado com os resultados e objetivos do regime internacional das mudanças climáticas. Além da existência da governança global focada no planejamento das cidades, o artigo enfatiza que as decisões relacionadas com o desenvolvimento das cidades que, a princípio, parecem ter apenas relevância local ao interior dos países, estão sendo discutidas igualmente no cenário internacional.
A extrafiscalidade tributária como instrumento para a concretização de políticas públicas: a construção de cidades sustentáveis e o estudo de caso do IPTU verde
Authors: De Carvalho Francisco Toniolo , Tannus Gurgel do Amaral Claudia
Published: April 2020

O processo de desenvolvimento mundial degrada o meio ambiente, gerando a necessidade do Estado atuar na sua preservação para o bem-estar de seus cidadãos. Essa situação poderia ser diferente caso existissem instrumentos para compartilhar tal responsabilidade. Esta pesquisa pretende estudar a hipótese do uso da extrafiscalidade tributária como um instrumento que possibilita da execução de políticas públicas, com o objetivo de demonstrá-la como ferramenta do Estado para compartilhar uma parcela de suas responsabilidades com os contribuintes. O estudo de caso realizado sobre o IPTU Verde apresenta-nos um exemplo nas políticas de sustentabilidade urbana. O estudo abrangeu as cidades do estado de São Paulo, escolhido pelas suas características socioeconômicas e pelo seu elevado número de municípios. A pesquisa contribui para a literatura sobre extrafiscalidade tributária pois demonstra como ela pode auxiliar na concretização indireta de políticas públicas, através da indução do comportamento dos contribuintes. A pesquisa concluiu tratar-se de um instrumento que pode conceder aos atores não estatais um papel relevante no campo das políticas públicas, sendo o IPTU Verde um exemplo da sua utilização.
USO DE BIOINDICADORES VEGETAIS NO MONITORAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DO AR NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMAÇARI
Authors: Montenegro Jemima Dos Santos , Rodrigues Barbara Ribeiro , Caramantin-Soriano Hilda
Published: April 2020

O Biomonitoramento vegetal é considerado uma ferramenta complementar ao monitoramento ambiental, onde espécies vegetais conhecidas com bioindicadoras podem ser utilizadas no reconhecimento, detecção, monitoramento e mapeamento de poluentes atmosféricos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi mostrar algumas espécies de vegetais das divisões angiospermas, briófita e liquens, que estão sendo utilizados como bioindicadores da poluição atmosférica no Município de Camaçari. O trabalho é uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cujos instrumentos de coleta de dados basearam-se em uma revisão de literatura e uma consulta aos documentos públicos como, o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), o Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), os Relatórios fornecidos pela Secretaria da Saúde do Município de Camaçari e as publicações do Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos – INEMA. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que Tradescantia pallida cv, Mangifera indica, Daucus carota, Gladiolus sp e a Sphagnum sp são as espécies mais adequadas para ao controle da qualidade do ar no município de Camaçaripor encontrarem condições climáticas mais favoráveis para seu desenvolvimento. Diante do exposto, concluímos que o monitoramento ambiental através do uso de espécies vegetais é um método adequado para controle da qualidade do ar do município de Camaçari com ganhos não só no aspecto econômico, ambiental e paisagístico, mas também no planejamento de políticas públicas que melhorem a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos.
Degree distance and Gutman index of two graph products
Authors: SEDGHI Shaban , SHOBE Nabi
Published: April 2020

The degree distance was introduced by Dobrynin, Kochetova and

Gutman as a weighted version of the Wiener index. In this paper,

we investigate the degree distance and Gutman index of complete,

and strong product graphs by using the adjacency and

distance matrices of a graph.
Trace forms of certain subfields of cyclotomic fields and applications
Authors: JOSÉ FERRARI Agnaldo , APARECIDO DE ANDRADE Antonio , RICARDO DE ARAUJO Robson , CARMELO INTERLANDO José
Published: April 2020

In this work, we present a explicit trace forms for maximal real subfields of cyclotomic fields as tools for constructing algebraic lattices in Euclidean space with optimal center density. We also obtain a closed formula for the Gram matrix of algebraic lattices obtained from these subfields. The obtained lattices are rotated versions of the lattices $ \Lambda_9, \Lambda_{10}$ and $\Lambda_{11}$ and they are images of $\mathbb{Z}$-submodules of rings of integers under the twisted homomorphism, and these constructions, as algebraic lattices, are new in the literature. We also obtain algebraic lattices in odd dimensions up to $7$ over real subfields, calculate their minimum product distance and compare with those known in literatura, since lattices constructed over real subfields have full diversity.
Computing the zero forcing number for generalized Petersen graphs
Authors: RASHİDİ Saeedeh , SHAJAREH POURSALAVATI Nosratollah , TAVAKKOLI Maryam
Published: April 2020

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph with each vertex colored

either white or black, $ u $ be a black vertex of $ G, $ and

exactly one neighbor $ v $ of $ u $ be white. Then change the

color of $ v $ to black. When this rule is applied, we say $ u $

forces $ v, $ and write $ u \rightarrow v $. A $zero\ forcing\ set$ of a graph $ G$ is a

subset $Z$ of vertices such that if initially the vertices in $ Z $ are colored

black and remaining vertices

are colored white, the entire graph $ G $ may be colored black

by repeatedly applying the

color-change rule.

The zero forcing number of $ G$, denoted $Z(G), $ is the minimum size of a

zero forcing set.\\

In this paper, we investigate the zero forcing number for the generalized Petersen graphs (It is denoted by $P(n,k)$). We obtain upper and lower bounds for the zero forcing number for $P(n,k)$. We show that $Z(P(n,2))=6$ for $n\geq 10$, $Z(P(n,3))=8$ for $n\geq 12$ and $Z(P(2k+1,k))=6$ for $k\geq 5$.
Improved two-step optimization procedure used for designing an apodizer and Lyot stop in the Lyot coronagraph
Authors: Ge Rui , Zhao Hui , Wei Jing-Xuan , Duan Yong-Qiang , Bai Zhe , Li Chuang , Wang Yuan-Bo , Fan Xue-Wu
Published: April 2020

The Lyot coronagraph is a widely known astronomical instrument used to realize direct imaging of exoplanets, and designing transmittance of an apodizer and Lyot stop is the key to obtaining high-contrast imaging. In this paper a new (to the best of our knowledge) optimization procedure used to design the apodizer and Lyot stop in the Lyot coronagraph is proposed. A two-step optimization program is established to obtain the optimum transmittance of an apodizer and Lyot stop in a sequential way. By using the optimized apodizer and Lyot stop obtained through the proposed optimization procedure, both the stellar light and its diffraction light could be strongly suppressed. Numerical results indicate that such an optimized Lyot coronagraph can produce a 1e-10 extinction of the stellar light near the diffraction limit (

1.59

λ

/

D

), and a high contrast imaging of 1e-07 could still be obtained even with the influence of light intensity of planets themselves. In addition, the two-step optimization procedure brings in two benefits. First, the two-step optimization is approximately 1000 times faster than the joint optimization method [J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. 2, 011012 (2016)2329-412410.1117/1.JATIS.2.1.011012]. Second, the optimum transmittance of the Lyot stop is binary, and therefore, the requirements of the production process are reduced, resulting in a greatly reduced cost. At the same time, the performance of the optimized Lyot coronagraph is also analyzed in the case of a monochromatic light incident and bandwidth light incident, and the effect of the diameter of the Lyot stop on the results is also discussed in this paper, which makes sense when designing a coronagraph.
Nano illumination microscopy: a technique based on scanning with an array of individually addressable nanoLEDs
Authors: Franch Nil , Canals Joan , Moro Victor , Vilá Anna , Romano-Rodríguez Albert , Prades Juan Daniel , Gülink Jan , Bezshlyakh Daria , Waag Andreas , Kluczyk-Korch Katarzyna , Auf der Maur Matthias , di Carlo Aldo , Diéguez Ángel
Published: April 2020

In lensless microscopy, spatial resolution is usually provided by the pixel density of current digital cameras, which are reaching a hard-to-surpass pixel size / resolution limit over 1 µm. As an alternative, the dependence of the resolving power can be moved from the detector to the light sources, offering a new kind of lensless microscopy setups. The use of continuously scaled-down Light-Emitting Diode (LED) arrays to scan the sample allows resolutions on order of the LED size, giving rise to compact and low-cost microscopes without mechanical scanners or optical accessories. In this paper, we present the operation principle of this new approach to lensless microscopy, with simulations that demonstrate the possibility to use it for super-resolution, as well as a first prototype. This proof-of-concept setup integrates an 8 × 8 array of LEDs, each 5 × 5 μm2 pixel size and 10 μm pitch, and an optical detector. We characterize the system using Electron-Beam Lithography (EBL) pattern. Our prototype validates the imaging principle and opens the way to improve resolution by further miniaturizing the light sources.
Deep neural network-assisted high-accuracy microwave instantaneous frequency measurement with a photonic scanning receiver
Authors: Zhou Yuewen , Zhang Fangzheng , Shi Jingzhan , Pan Shilong
Published: April 2020

A microwave instantaneous frequency measurement system with a photonic scanning receiver is proposed in which deep neural network (DNN)-assisted frequency estimation is used to deal with the system defects and improve the accuracy. The system performs frequency-to-time mapping by optical-domain frequency scanning and electrical-domain intermediate frequency envelop detection. Thanks to the optical frequency multiplication, the system can measure high frequency signals in a large spectral range. The DNN establishes an accurate mapping between the digital samples and real frequencies, based on which high-accuracy measurement is achieved. The measurement of signals from 43 to 52 GHz is experimentally demonstrated. Compared with the direct measurements, the DNN-assisted method achieves obviously reduced average errors of about 3.2 MHz.
Silicon microprotrusions with tailored chirality enabled by direct femtosecond laser ablation
Authors: Syubaev S. , Mitsai E. , Porfirev A. , Khonina S. , Kudryashov S. , Katkus T. , Juodkazis S. , Gurevich E. L. , Kuchmizhak A.
Published: April 2020

Here, we report on formation of nanoprotrusions on the surface of a bulk crystalline silicon wafer under femtosecond-laser ablation with a donut-shaped laser beam. By breaking circular symmetry of the irradiating donut-shaped fs-pulse beam, a switch in geometry of the formed surface nanoprotrusions from regular to chiral was demonstrated. The chirality of the obtained Si nanostructures was promoted with an asymmetry degree of the laser beam. An uneven helical flow of laser-melted Si caused by asymmetry of the initial intensity and temperature pattern on the laser-irradiated Si surface explains this phenomenon. Chirality of the formed protrusions was confirmed by visualizing cross-sectional cuts produced by focused ion beam milling as well as Raman activity of these structures probed by circularly polarized light with opposite handedness. Our results open a pathway towards easy-to-implement inexpensive fabrication of chiral all-dielectric nanostructures for advanced nanophotonic applications and sensing of chiral molecules.
Introdução
Authors: Camponez Carlos , Peixinho Ana Teresa , Santos Sílvio
Published: April 2020

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_2
Efficacy and safety of ethanolic Curcuma longa extract as a treatment for sand tampan ticks in a rabbit model
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Sobhy , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Gabr Hanan S. M. , Allam Ahmad M. , Abou-Zeina Hala A. A. , Masoud Ragab A. , Soliman Doaa E. , Alshahrani Mohammad Yahya
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: The soft tick Ornithodoros savignyi is distributed throughout Africa, including Egypt. It primarily attacks camels, cattle, donkeys, and cows; and rarely affects humans. This study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of ethanolic Curcuma longa extract (Turmeric) on the second nymphs of O. savignyi and then investigated the safety of this herb in rabbits.

Materials and Methods: The nymphs were immersed in 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/ml ethanolic C. longa extract. An additional group was immersed in ethanol as a control. On the 1st, 7th, and 15th-day post-treatment, the mortality percentages, LC50 and LC95 were calculated. The ticks exposed to 10 mg/ml ethanol C. longa extract were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three male New Zealand White rabbits were orally administered 2 ml (two doses) of 10 mg/ml ethanolic C. longa extract, and another three rabbits were orally given two doses of 2 ml of absolute ethanol as a negative control. Histopathological examination of the kidney and liver hematology and the kidney and liver function was performed. Chemical analysis of the extract was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: The LC50 and LC95 were 1.31 and 15.07, 1.07 and 8.56, and 0.81 and 6.97 mg/ml on the 1st, 7th, and 15th day, respectively. SEM revealed that mamillae and spots on the surfaces of the treated ticks were not discriminating except for some clefts on the surfaces. The histological examination, blood profile, and biochemical analyses revealed no significant differences between the treated and untreated rabbits (p>0.05). GC/MS analysis revealed 50 compounds, and curcumene and t umerone were found to be the major constituents of this ethanolic extract.

Conclusion: The ethanolic C. longa extract produced a strong acaricidal effect on the second nymph of O. savignyi, and it was safe to use in rabbits.
A Three Component Protocol for the Synthesis of Aziridines using BF3·(OEt)2
Authors: Basha Shaik Firoj , Anwar Shaik
Published: April 2020

Synthesis of N-(1R,2S)-2-(bromo-3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-methylbenzene sulfonamide and N-(1R,2S)-(2-bromo-3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-methylbenzene sulfonamide was carried out by a three component reaction using phenacyl bromide, p-toluenesulfonamide and carboxyaldehyde in presence of mild Lewis acid such as BF3·(OEt)2 in dichloromethane. The synthetic utility of this protocol was carried out with syn-isomer to yield corresponding cis-aziridines. This protocol was operationally simple for a wide variety of substituted carboxaldehydes and substituted phenacyl bromides.
Insecticidal and Repellant Activities of Southeast Asia Plants towards Insect Pests: A Review
Authors: Albariman N.H. , Sabran S.F. , Othman N.W. , Ishak N. , Dheyab A.S. , Anjur N.
Published: April 2020

Crops are being damaged by several plant pests. Several strategies have been developed to restrict the damage of cultivated plants by using synthetic pesticides and repellants. However, the use to control these insects is highly discouraged because of their risks on humans. Therefore, several alternatives have been developed from plant extracts to protect crops from plant pests. Accordingly, this review focuses on outlining the insecticidal and repellant activities of Southeast Asia plants towards insect pests. Several extracts of plants from Southeast Asia were investigated to explore their insecticidal and repellant activities. Azadiracha indica (neem) and Piper species were highly considered for their insecticidal and repellant activities compared to other plants. This review also addressed the investigation on extracts of other plant species that were reported to exert insecticidal and repellant activities. Most of the conducted studies have been still in the primarily stage of investigation, lacking a focus on the insecticidal and repellant spectrum and the identification of the active constituents which are responsible for the insecticidal and repellant activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,3-Triazole Containing Fe(II) Sensor
Authors: Senthilkumaran G. , Senthil S.
Published: April 2020

A new bis(1,2,3-triazolyl) imine based probe was designed and synthesized. Chemical structure of the probe was confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The probe was investigated for its recognition abilities in aqueous-organic mixture against various cations and anions. It shows a highly selective colorimetric response to Fe(II) ion by changing the colour from colourless to brownish pink. Chemo-sensitivity of the probe was investigated by absorption spectrometric titration with the Fe(II) ions. 1H NMR titration studies indicated imine nitrogen and one of the nitrogen in triazole ring was involved in complex formation with Fe2+ ion. Energy optimization studies by DFT method exhibits a marginal energy gap between ligand and Fe(II) complex (0.1166 eV) confirms the formation of metal
ligand complex.
Degradation Kinetics of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol from Water Using Atmospheric Air Cold Plasma
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Van , Tuan Nguyen Cao
Published: April 2020

The degradation studies of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol, TNP) in water sample through a dielectric
barrier discharge (DBD) of atmospheric air cold plasma was carried out. The used DBD reactor consisted
of comprised two electrodes that were separated by using an insulating dielectric barrier having a
electric discharge voltage varying from of 7.0 to 22.0 kV. The effects of the initial concentration of
TNP on the initial degradation rate was investigated methodically. The initial degradation rate was
determined experimentally by changing the initial concentrations of TNP between 91.02 and 210.17
mg/L using the DBD of cold air plasma. From experimental results, a kinetic equation for TNP
degradation was established based on varying initial concentration as –R = 0.0252CTNP/(1+0.0076CTNP).
When 0.0076CTNP << 1, the kinetics of TNP degradation complied with the pseudo-first-order reaction.
For TNP degradation kinetics, such as ln (Ct/C0) = 0.0269t + 0.1605, ln (Ct/C0) = 0.0197t + 0.0792,
and ln (Ct/C0) = 0.014t + 0.0623, the initial concentrations of TNP were 91.02, 153.3 and 210.17
mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the effect of initial concentration of TNP and the electric power on the
degradation efficiency of TNP were determined.
Identification of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Cyperus articulatus L.
Rhizome Extract Using HRLC-MS/MS and Molecular Docking
Authors: Swain Ayusman , Hariprasad P.
Published: April 2020

Cyperus articulatus is widely distributed in Indian subcontinent and its rhizome has been used as folk
medicine in different geographical regions for treatment of diseases like malaria, epilepsy and dysentery.
In present study the rhizome extracts were studied to identify the natural inhibitor compounds for
α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Among six different solvent extracts of the rhizome, the acetone extract
which showed to have highest phenolics and flavonoids exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 9.1
μg/mL). Different fractions were collected using column chromatography and flash chromatography
to analyze the active fractions. Two major fractions significantly showed high enzyme inhibitory
activity. In HRLC-MS/MS phenolic as well as non-phenolic class of compounds were identified such
as quercetrin, dihydroquercetin, mycophenolic acid, koparin-2-methylether, C16-sphinganine, embelin,
phytosphingosine, colforsin, 7,8-dihydroxystearic acid and palmitic acid derivative. The two active
fractions having IC50 8.38 and 7.65 μg/mL, were shown to exhibit competitive and mixed type inhibition,
respectively. Molecular docking analysis of the compounds with the α-glucosidase active site showed
that the phenolic class of compounds have efficient binding with one of the aspartate (Asp66, Asp349
and Asp212) residues whereas there was non-polar contacts with other residues in case of non-phenolic
compounds such as long chain hydroxyl acids. The results suggest that Cyperus articulatus rhizome
is a potential source of drug ingredients for the management of type-II diabetes.
Superluminal velocity beyond the scope of application of relativity
Authors: Hu Chang-Wei
Published: April 2020

People have carried on the extensive researches on the superluminal velocity in experiment and theory, but it is difficult to reach consensus. The biggest problem here is the theory of relativity, which shows that when a object (a matter with mass) reaches or exceeds the speed of light, whose relativistic factor will become infinite or imaginary numbers, so it is impossible to superluminal motion. In fact, although relativity is quite correct quantitative theory, but it has certain limitations. Relativistic effects are the vacuum effects, not the substantive effects. Relativistic physical quantities are only apparent physical quantities expressed through ether(physical vacuum). The substantive physical quantities of an objects are proper physical quantities, which will not vary with the velocity. Moreover the ether in superluminal velocity would lose superfluidity, and thus the superluminal velocity is beyond its scope of application of relativity. Therefore studying superluminal velocity need not scruple the restriction of relativity. Human superluminal activities will involve gravitational shielding, superluminal communication and other supertechnologies.
Trajetória da Educação: da Cultura Clássica às Reflexões sobre a Contemporaneidade Escolar
Authors: Diez Carmen Lucia Fornari , Santos Vanice dos , Ceron Isabel Nercolini
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a escola, partindo da Grécia clássica, olhando outros tempos históricos e suas influências na contemporaneidade com base em autores como Ariès (1981), Carvalho (2014), Châtelet (1994), Comenius (2006), Donzelot (1980), Dussel (2017), entre outros. Embasado no pensamento e filosofia de Michel Foucault (2012; 2016), podemos refletir e buscar meios de escapar do determinismo histórico, suscitando o questionamento às autoridades, às referências sociais e às organizações que estão estabelecidas de modo a denunciar as imposições e as formas de exclusão, com vistas à possibilidade de cogitar transformar a escola contemporânea em espaço dinâmico. A instituição escolar precisa pensar e repensar estratégias visando modificações nas relações de forças, numa arte de desgovernar, desinstitucionalizando-se em um movimento de contra poder, considerando os sujeitos que nela estão inseridos.
Influências das teorias de aprendizagem nas propostas curriculares de Matemática Pós-70: continuidade e ruptura
Authors: Miguel José Carlos
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo analisa a influência das teorias de aprendizagem na constituição das propostas curriculares para o ensino de Matemática do período pós-70 no estado de São Paulo e como essas tentativas de renovação dos programas de ensino compreendem o processo de difusão do conhecimento matemático, com ênfase na perspectiva teórica adotada. Partindo de pesquisa bibliográfica, analiso documentos curriculares do estado de São Paulo, além dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, BNCC. Os resultados indicam que se trata de programas cujos fundamentos transitam da concepção de aprendizagem por associação de modelos, passa pela abordagem cognitivista de diversos matizes e, ainda que de forma incipiente, aponta para constructos teóricos relacionados à aprendizagem verbal significativa. Observa-se a descontinuidade das propostas de renovação dos programas de ensino e desconsideração das teses das reformas curriculares pelos professores, principalmente nos aspectos que exigem reflexão conceitual sobre o processo de ensino.
Peningkatan Kualitas Penghitungan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sektor Pengelolaan Sampah dengan Metode IPCC 2006 (Studi Kasus: Kota Cilacap)
Authors: Chaerul Mochammad , Febrianto Arry , Tomo Haryo Satriyo
Published: April 2020

Gas rumah kaca (GRK) berpotensi diemisikan dari berbagai tahapan dalam pengelolaan sampah, termasuk dari tahap penanganan sampah di sumber, pengangkutan dan penimbunan sampah di tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA). Di banyak negara, metode IPCC 2006 dipilih untuk memprediksi emisi GRK dari berbagai macam sector, termasuk dalam pengelolaan sampah. Di dalam metode IPCC 2006 terdapat tingkatan basis data (Tier) yang didasarkan atas sumber data yang digunakan dalam menghitung emisi GRK. Tier 1 merupakan tingkatan terendah dimana berbagai macam data default telah disediakan untuk perhitungan emisi GRK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui emisi GRK yang dihasilkan dari pengelolaan sampah di Kota Cilacap sebagai representasi Kota kecil di Indonesia menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 tetapi dengan kualitas yang lebih baik daripada Tier 1. Peningkatan kualitas penghitungan dilakukan dengan menyediakan berbagai macam data spesifik untuk Kota Cilacap, diantaranya data timbulan dan komposisi sampah melalui sampling dan analisis laboratorium untuk mendapatkan proporsi organik karbon yang dapat terdegradasi (DOC), fraksi DOC yang terasimilasi (DOCf), laju degradasi (kd) dan fraksi metana (F). Dari perhitungan didapat bahwa prediksi total emisi GRK dari pengelolaan sampah di Kota Cilacap sebesar 4,58 x 105 ton CO2-eq. dimana tahap tahap pengangkutan dan penimbunan sampah menjadi yang dominan. Nilai total emisi dari penimbunan sampah berselisih sekitar 50% lebih besar dibandingkan bila menggunakan data default Tier 1. Hasil ini semakin memperkuat urgensi implementasi konsep 3R (Reduce Reuse dan Recycle) mulai di sumber yang memang telah diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah.
Pemetaan Paparan Panas pada Ruang Produksi PT. Pilar Kekar Plasindo Menggunakan Software Surfer 11
Authors: Pradana Fuky Prima , Suhardi Bambang , Astuti Rahmaniyah Dwi
Published: April 2020

Para Pekerja pada ruang produksi PT. Pilar Kekar Plasindo sering mengeluh dengan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang panas. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan pekerja cepat berkeringat, merasa kepanasan, tidak nyaman, cepat lelah, dan kurang fokus dalam bekerja. Pada ruang produksi dibutuhkan pemenuhan aspek kenyamanan termal untuk menunjang aktivitas didalamnya. Salah satu yang mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal adalah temperatur udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan kerja berupa distribusi paparan panas pada ruang produksi PT. Pilar Kekar Plasindo melalui pemetaan menggunakan software surfer 11. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui tingkat kenyamanan termal pekerja sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No.1405/ MENKES/SK/XI/2002. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pengukuran secara langsung berdasarkan SNI-16-7062-2004 dan ASHRAE 55. Waktu pengukuran dilakukan selama 6 hari kerja pada awal shift, tengah shift dan akhir shift berdasarkan SNI-16-7061-2004. Data yang diperoleh kemudian akan diolah menggunakan software surfer 11. Software surfer 11 digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi temperatur udara berupa peta kontur dari tiap area kerja pada ruang produksi PT. Pilar Kekar Plasindo, sehingga solusi yang diberikan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki lingkungan kerja kedepannya.
Kajian Awal Produksi Fero Sulfat dari Slag Nikel Melalui Proses Pelindian Menggunakan Asam Sulfat
Authors: Majalis Asep Nurohmat , Permatasari Nur Vita , Novitasari Yeni , Wicaksono Noviarso , Armin Dedi , Pratiwi Rizki
Published: April 2020

AbstractNickel production with a pyrometallurgical process produces slag as a side product. Base on government regulation no.101 of 2014, nickel slag included in hazardous and toxic materials from specific sources with hazard category 2. The study of the use of nickel slag is quite interesting because chemically still contains valuable minerals and metals, and iron metal contained in nickel slag is the most dominant. A preliminary study of ferrous sulfate production from nickel slag was carried out which has the potential to be used for the treatment of nickel ore mining wastewater. The stages have been taken are characterization and leaching of nickel slag using sulfuric acid. The main mineral composition of nickel slag are fayalite, magnetite, and cristobalite with the dominant elements are Fe, O, Si, S, Mg, Ni, and Cu. The content of Fe, Ni, Co and Cu in nickel slag samples are 37%, 0.479%, 0.361%, and 0.0843% respectively. Nickel slag morphology is an irregular polygon and the surface is smooth and dense. Nickel slag leaching carried out on the ratio of the volume of the leachate to the weight of the slag is 1000 ml/500 g, acid concentration are 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.35 and leaching time is 5 days had successfully dissolved Fe(II) from nickel slag 2790, 1940, 4180 and 5160 mg/L respectivelyKeywords: nickel slag, ferrous sulfate, characterization, leachingAbstrakProduksi nikel dengan proses pirometalurgi menghasilkan hasil samping yaitu slag. Slag nikel berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No.101 tahun 2014 termasuk limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun dari sumber spesifik khusus dengan kategori bahaya 2. Kajian pemanfaatan slag nikel cukup menarik dilakukan karena secara kimia slag nikel masih mengandung mineral dan logam-logam yang berharga, dan kandungan logam besi di dalam slag nikel adalah yang paling dominan. Telah dilakukan kajian awal produksi fero sulfat dari slag yang berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pengolahan air limbah pertambangan bijih nikel. Tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu karakterisasi dan pelindian slag nikel menggunakan asam sulfat. Komposisi mineral utama slag nikel adalah fayalit, magnetit dan kristobalit dengan kandungan unsur dominan Fe, O, Si, S, Mg, Ni, dan Cu. Kandungan logam Fe, Ni, Co, dan Cu dalam sampel slag nikel secara berturut-turut yaitu 37%, 0,479%, 0,361%, dan 0,0843%. Morfologi slag nikel adalah poligon tidak beraturan dan permukaannya halus serta padat. Pelindian slag nikel yang dilakukan pada perbandingan volume pelindi terhadap berat slag nikel yaitu 1000 ml/500 gram, konsentrasi asam sulfat secara berturut-turut 0,2; 0,25; 0,3 dan 0,35 mol/L dan waktu pelindian 5 hari telah berhasil melarutkan Fe(II) dari slag nikel secara berturut-turut 2790; 1940; 4180 dan 5160 mg/L.Kata kunci: slag nikel, fero sulfat, karakterisasi, pelindian
Pengolahan Limbah Tulang Kambing Sebagai Produk Arang Aktif Menggunakan Proses Aktivasi Kimia dan Fisika
Authors: Wardani Sari , Rosa Elvrida , Mirdayanti Rina
Published: April 2020

Limbah pertanian merupakan hasil samping dari aktivitas pertanian yang saat ini masih dibuang langsung kelingkungan tanpa diproses atau diolah terlebih dahulu sehingga dampaknya terjadi penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Salah satu limbah pertanian yang banyak di temukan di Provinsi Aceh, khususnya kota Banda Aceh adalah limbah tulang kambing. Limbah tulang kambing dihasilkan dari rumah pemotongan hewan, limbah rumah makan olahan daging kambing dan puncaknya pada saat tradisi meugang menyambut bulan puasa dan lebaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah limbah tulang kambing menjadi produk arang aktif yang ramah lingungan dengan menggunakan variasi proses aktivasi. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan proses, pertama proses preparasi arang dengan mengkarbonisasikan limbah tulang pada suhu 700 oC, kedua proses aktivasi arang yang dilakukan secara kimia dan fisika dan ketiga adalah analisa karakteristik arang aktif yang di bandingkan dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang yang teraktivasi secara fisika mempunyai kualitas arang aktif lebih baik dari pada arang yang diaktivasi secara kimia. Kualitas arang aktif yang teraktivasi fisika yang terbaik adalah pada suhu aktivasi 700 oC dan kualitas arang aktif yang teraktivasi kimia yang terbaik adalah pada konsentrasi larutan zink klorida 1 N. Kualitas arang aktif berbahan baku limbah tulang kambing mempunyai nilai kadar air sebesar 0,842 – 1,566 %, nilai kadar abu sebesar 1,365 – 6,757 %, nilai kadar zat mudah terbang sebesar 2,595 – 9,788 %, nilai kadar karbon terikat sebesar 91,866 – 94,456 %, daya serap iodium sebesar 825 – 968 mg/g. Kualitas arang aktif berbahan baku limbah tulang kambing secara keseluruhan memenuhi SNI tentang arang aktif teknis dengan No. 06-3730-1995.
ASUPAN MIKRONUTRIEN DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT INFEKSI PADA BALITA STUNTING DI UPTD PUSKESMAS LIMBANGAN KECAMATAN SUKARAJA KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Asiah Aas , Yogisutanti Gurdani , Purnawan Asep Iwan
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Anak stunting beresiko mudah sakit, untuk itu diperlukan asupan zat gizi yang dapat meningkatkan respon imun tubuh agar dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuhnya. Zat gizi tersebut bisa didapatkan dalam vitamin dan mineral yang seimbang;Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara asupan mikronutrien dengan riwayat penyakit infeksi pada balita stunting;Metode: : Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional di UPTD Puskesamas Limbangan Sukaraja Sukabumi, jumlah sampel 74 balita stunting usia 12-59 bulan, dipilih dengan proportional random sampling dari 4 desa. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: asupan mikronutrien yang diperoleh dari formulir recall 2 x 24 jam dan kuesioner riwayat penyakit infeksi, seperti: diare, ISPA dan kecacingan. Data dianalisis dengan uji analisis univariat, analisis bivariate menggunakan uji chi-square;Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan mikronutrien pada balita stunting termasuk dalam kategori kurang. Balita yang menderita infeksi sebesar 78,4%. Hasil analisis statistik disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin A, vitamin C, zat besi, zinc dan tembaga (p<0,05) dan tidak ada hubungan antara asupan vitamin B1, B6, B9 dan vitamin E dengan kejadian infeksi balita stunting (p>0,05). Semakin baik asupan mikronutrien pada balita stunting, maka kejadian infeksi semakin menurun. Simpulan: Kejadian infeksi pada balita stunting berhubungan dengan intake mikronutrien yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan kekebalan tubuh.
EFEK SUPLEMENTASI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL TERHADAP PARAMETER METABOLIK DAN ANTROPOMETRIK TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN OBESITAS
Authors: Wijaya Hendy , Surdijati Siti
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Untuk mengatasi masalah obesitas ada banyak program modifikasi gaya hidup melalui pengaturan pola makan dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik. Di antara program diet dikenal diet rendah lemak serta derivatnya dan diet rendah karbohidrat. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek positif diet rendah karbohidrat sebagian besar diperantarai oleh keton dalam darah. Selain dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang efisien, keton dapat berperan juga sebagai molekul sinyal yang dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme sel dan perilaku. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah sumber asam lemak rantai sedang alamiah dengan kuantitas dan kualitas tinggi yang dapat diserap dan dimetabolisme di dalam liver dengan mudah dan cepat menjadi keton Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek suplementasi virgin coconut oil terhadap kadar glukosa darah, keton darah, asupan makanan, massa lemak viseral dan berat badan pada model obesitas yang diinduksi melalui diet tinggi lemak-sukrosa.Metode: Tiga puluh dua subyek tikus wistar jantan yang sebelumnya sudah dibuat obesitas (indeks Lee >0,300) melalui diet tinggi lemak-sukrosa selama 20 minggu dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok. Kelompok (A) mendapat akuades per oral, kelompok (S) mendapat larutan sukrosa per oral, kelompok (VCO) mendapat VCO per oral, dan kelompok (CO) mendapat minyak jagung per oral selama 4 minggu, diberikan sebelum makan pada siklus malam tikus.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada kadar glukosa darah, massa lemak viseral dan berat badan antar kelompok subyek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian virgin coconut oil dapat meningkatkan kadar keton darah dan menurunkan asupan makanan (p=0,023 dan p=0,000) dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan lain.Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi VCO sebelum makan dapat meningkatkan kadar keton darah dan menekan asupan makanan tikus obesitas yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak-sukros. Namun, penurunan asupan makanan tampaknya tidak dipengaruhi oleh kadar keton dalam darah.
KARAKTERISTIK KELUARGA DAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BADUTA
Authors: Siringoringo Ester Theresia , Syauqy Ahmad , Panunggal Binar , Purwanti Rachma , Widyastuti Nurmasari
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang : Stunting merupakan indikator masalah gizi yang bersifat kronis. Stunting dapat berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas dan peningkatan risiko penyakit degeneratif. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya stunting seperti karakteristik keluarga dan tingkat kecukupan asupan zat gizi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta.Metode : Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan jumlah 69 subjek untuk masing-masing kelompok. Data karakteristik keluarga diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pengukuran tingkat kecukupan asupan zat gizi menggunakan kuesioner semi-quantitative food frequency. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dengan melihat Odds Ratio (OR) dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil : Hasil bivariat menunjukkan variabel usia baduta, panjang badan lahir, tingkat kecukupan protein, karbohidrat, vitamin A, kalsium, zinc dan zat besi berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta. Uji multivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecukupan protein (p<0,001) dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta. Anak dengan tingkat kecukupan protein yang rendah berisiko 6,495 kali mengalami stunting.Simpulan : Faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada baduta adalah tingkat kecukupan protein.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN KETENTUAN PERPAJAKAN ATAS PERBANDINGAN HUTANG DAN MODAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Togatorop Ginda , Tambunan Maria R.U.D.
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini membahas penerapan ketentuan perpajakan terkait perbandingan hutang dan modal ratio di Indonesia sebagai salah satu bentuk pengalihan laba untuk minimalisir beban pajak oleh perusahaan multi nasional dengan melakukan pinjaman jumlah besar kepada pihak afiliasi sebagai modal usaha. Akibatnya, terjadi penggerusan basis pemajakan di Indonesia dengan pembayaran bunga dengan jumlah yang tidak rasional untuk mengurangi penghasilan neto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan yang diterapkan saat ini merupakan salah satu langkah maju dalam mencegah terjadinya erosi basis pemajakan, yaitu menetapkan rasio utang terhadap modal sebesar 4:1. Namun, ketentuan tersebut masih menyisakan pekerjaan rumah seperti apakah rasio demikian benar-benar mampu mencerminkan struktur permodalan suatu entitas bisnis dimana setiap sektor industri memiliki karakteristik struktur permodalannya masing-masing.
AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION (AEOI) DAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK
Authors: Ispriyarso Budi
Published: April 2020

AEOI (Automatic Exchange Of Information) merupakan  sistem yang mendukung adanya pertukaran informasi rekening wajib pajak antar negara. pada waktu tertentu secara periodik, sistematis, dan berkesinambungan dari negara sumber penghasilan atau tempat menyimpan kekayaan, kepada negara residen wajib pajak. Adanya AEOI ini dilatarbelakangi banyaknya penghindaran pajak yang dilakukan wajib pajak. Permasalahannya adalah (1) Bagaimana penghindaran pajak dilakukan wajib pajak di Indonesia (2) bagaimana peranan AEOI dalam mencegah atau mengurangi penghindaran pajak. Penghindaran pajak dilakukan wajib pajak melalui tax avoidance dan tax evasion. Peranan AEOI dalam mencegah atau mengurangi penghindaran pajak sangat penting, karena dengan adanya sistim ini, wajib pajak yang membuka rekening di negara lain akan terlacak secara langsung oleh otoritas pajak negara asal. Sistem ini juga akan berguna mengurangi pengemplang pajak untuk menghindari pajak, karena negara-negara yang ikut tergabung sistem ini, semakin banyak.
PENERAPAN DOKTRIN PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN (UNDUE INFLUENCE) SEBAGAI ALASAN PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN KERJA DI PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Izzati Nabiyla Risfa
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji penerapan konsep penyalahgunaan keadaan sebagai alasan pembatalan perjanjian kerja di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Penyalahgunaan keadaan merupakan doktrin yang banyak dikembangkan oleh hakim di pengadilan dalam perkara-perkara yang mana kedudukan kedua belah pihak yang bersengketa tidak setara. Karena kedudukan pekerja dan pengusaha dalam perjanjian kerja tidak setara, maka karena terdapat potensi besar terjadinya penyalahgunaan keadaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yang bersifat normatif, dengan metode kualitatif untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial telah beberapa kali menangani kasus terkait dengan ajaran penyalahgunaan keadaan. Penulis menganalisis satu putusan secara spesifik, yakni Putusan Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial Bandung Nomor 59/G/2014/PHI.PN.BDG, yang di dalamnya majelis hakim menjadikan doktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam mengambil keputusan.
Interlimb Asymmetries: Are Thresholds a Usable Concept?
Authors: Bishop Chris
Published: April 2020

The concept of thresholds has commonly appeared in the literature for the topic of interlimb asymmetry. However, with an abundance of literature showing asymmetry to be task- and metric-specific, the use of thresholds seems flawed. When computed, practitioners are often left with a percentage figure and it is not always entirely obvious how to interpret this value. This article aims to provide practitioners with some guidelines on meaningful ways to use and interpret interlimb asymmetry data.
DESEMPENHO DOS MÉTODOS DE HARGRAVES E PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR NA ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA
Authors: De Coimbra Ribeiro João Pedro , Tavares Pereira Rafaella , Lopes Martins Marco Túlio , Ferreira Rodrigues André , Alves Mantovani Vanessa , De Oliveira Vinicius Augusto , De Mello Carlos Rogério
Published: April 2020

A estimativa precisa da evapotranspiração é essencial para o desenvolvimento de estudos hidrológicos, principalmente em âmbitos de bacias hidrográficas. Todavia, os dados necessários para a aplicação do método de Penman-Monteith padronizado pela FAO (PM) nem sempre estão disponíveis. Neste sentido, é necessário que métodos mais simples como o de Priestley-Taylor (PT) e Hargreaves (HG) sejam avaliados para superar esta barreira instrumental. Por conseguinte, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos métodos de PT e HG para dois anos com precipitações abaixo da média na cidade de Lavras, Minas Gerais. O período de estudo abrangeu os anos de 2017 e 2018. Os modelos também foram avaliados com relação ao período úmido e seco do ano hidrológico 2017/2018. O Modelo de PT (R2 = 0,91) sobressaiu-se com relação ao de HG (R2 = 0,64) na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência. O modelo de HG superestimou os valores de PM tanto para o período todo (PBIAS = -40) quanto para os períodos úmido (PBIAS = -50) e seco (PBIAS = -35). Por outro lado, o método de PT teve desempenho satisfatório (PBIAS < 15) para todos os períodos avaliados. Portanto, o modelo de PT é recomendado para a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para o clima subtropical úmido, mesmo para anos com precipitação abaixo da média.