bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing burnout and resilience among nurses: A latent profile analysis of emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery
Authors: Rink Lesley C. , Silva Susan G. , Adair Kathryn C. , Oyesanya Tolu O. , Humphreys Janice C. , Sexton John Bryan
Published: September 2023

Aims

To identify subgroups of nurses with distinct profiles of burnout (emotional exhaustion) and resilience (emotional thriving and emotional recovery) and describe nurse characteristics associated with each profile.

Design

Cross‐sectional, correlational design.

Methods

Data were collected via electronic survey from 2018 to 2019. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of nurses with distinct profiles of emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery, with each measured on a 0–100 scale. Bivariate statistics were used to determine profile differences in nurse sociodemographic, professional and psychological characteristics.

Results

Four distinct profile subgroups were identified: (1) “exhausted” (14% with very high emotional exhaustion, low emotional thriving and moderate emotional recovery), (2) “exhausted with thriving” (6% with high emotional exhaustion, moderate‐high emotional thriving and low emotional recovery), (3) “exhausted with thriving and recovery” (52% with moderate‐high emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery), and (4) “thriving and recovery” (27% with low emotional exhaustion and very high emotional thriving and emotional recovery). Nurses in the “exhausted” and “exhausted with thriving” profiles reported greater depression and poorer work‐life integration. Nurses in “exhausted” profile were more likely to work in an inpatient setting. Nurses in the “exhausted with thriving and recovery” and “thriving and recovery” profiles reported more positive emotions, more well‐being behaviours, and better work‐life integration, with the “thriving and recovery” subgroup having the highest levels of these characteristics, lower depression scores and greater racial minority representation.

Conclusion

Approaches designed to improve nurse well‐being should be tailored to the nurses' profile of emotional exhaustion, thriving and recovery to maximize effectiveness.

Impact

Given the growing shortage of nurses in healthcare systems, it is critical that multilevel strategies be investigated to retain nursing staff that consider the intersectionality and complexity of the different aspects of burnout and resilience experienced by the nurse.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The aim was to assess burnout and resilience among nurses.
The power of climate labels the search for an optimal label design
Authors: Stephansen Camilla , Lane Hakan
Published: September 2023

The importance of finding new, innovative ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions has received increased attention. Climate labels are a means for this, where the life cycle emissions of a product are often given in combination with an icon. This article surveys the phenomenon of climate labels while varying their design to prompt more sustainable food consumption. Recipe boxes were selected as an example emphasizing the increasing popularity of shopping for groceries online. An online choice experiment was conducted where Danish respondents selected recipe boxes in two different scenarios: (a) the ‘all‐or‐nothing’ (binary) approach with a binary label on low‐emitting choices only and (b) the three‐tier rank‐order approach, where all meals are assigned a graphical rating. By assigning recipe boxes scores ranking from 0 to 2 based on the level of climate pollution, a measurement of the total score from a choice of recipe boxes made it possible to compare the effect of the two different approaches for climate labelling. Statistical tests indicated a significant difference between the two types of climate labels and their persuasive effect on consumer choice. They revealed that the three‐tier rank‐order approach results in more sustainable consumption than the binary approach. In demographics, younger individuals and females proved to be the most conscious in their choices.
Stochastic optimal control for autonomous driving applications via polynomial chaos expansions
Authors: Listov Petr , Schwarz Johannes , Jones Colin N.
Published: September 2023

Model‐based methods in autonomous driving and advanced driving assistance gain importance in research and development due to their potential to contribute to higher road safety. Parameters of vehicle models, however, are hard to identify precisely or they can change quickly depending on the driving conditions. In this paper, we address the problem of safe trajectory planning under parametric model uncertainties motivated by automotive applications. We use the generalized polynomial chaos expansions for efficient nonlinear uncertainty propagation and distributionally robust inequalities for chance constraints approximation. Inspired by the tube‐based model predictive control, an ancillary feedback controller is used to control the deviations of stochastic modes from the nominal solution, and therefore, decrease the variance. Our approach allows reducing conservatism related to nonlinear uncertainty propagation while guaranteeing constraints satisfaction with a high probability. The performance is demonstrated on the example of a trajectory optimization problem for a simplified vehicle model with uncertain parameters.
How does learning about the future of the ocean impact children's emotional wellbeing? Insights from ocean literacy educators in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Murray Linda , Breheny Mary , Cumming Romilly , Erueti Bevan , Mooney Maureen , Nash Kirsty L. , Severinsen Christina , Shanly James
Published: September 2023

Four decades of research on the health effects of ‘connection to nature’ identifies many wellbeing advantages for young people. Yet this literature has developed largely without reference to biophysical evidence about mass biodiversity loss, the degradation of marine environments and climate change.

As these interlocking planetary crises progress, children will be more likely to witness the marine environments they learn about degrade or disappear as they grow up.

Improving ocean literacy is important to protect marine environments into the future. However little is known about how learning about ocean degradation affects young people's emotional wellbeing.

We undertook qualitative research to investigate how ocean literacy educators in Aotearoa New Zealand view the content they deliver in relation to the emotional wellbeing of young people.

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 key informants from non‐government organisations (NGOs), Ministry of Education funded programmes, university‐community partnerships, youth‐led initiatives and local and national museums and aquariums. Transcripts were analysed using the six steps of Braun and Clarke's (2022) reflexive thematic analysis.

Ocean literacy education was described as positively affecting young people's emotional wellbeing through interactive experiences in coastal environments. These provided opportunities for experiencing wonder, curiosity and a shared sense of connection and belonging.

Educators reported witnessing distress and overwhelm in young people when some information was delivered. This resulted in educators ‘not focusing on the negative’ and moving straight to solutions young people could take part in.

Our findings provide opportunities for re‐imagining ocean literacy education as a space for promoting mental wellbeing, especially when young people have the opportunity to be part of collective experiences that promote joy and wonder.

Intergenerational solutions where young people can be supported to take action with adults who work in solidarity with them are also recommended.

Further research into how educators can be resourced to acknowledge and facilitate support around young people's negative emotional responses (such as grief, overwhelm and anxiety) is required.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of graphene on soybean root colonization by Bradyrhizobium strains
Authors: Sethu Madhavan Athira , Montanez Hernandez Lilia Ernestina , Gu Zheng Rong , Subramanian Senthil
Published: September 2023

Legume crops such as soybean obtain a large portion of their nitrogen nutrition through symbiotic nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic rhizobia bacteria in root nodules. However, nodule occupancy by low‐capacity nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia can lead to lower‐than‐optimal levels of nitrogen fixation. Seed/root coating with engineered materials such as graphene‐carrying biomolecules that may promote specific attraction/attachment of desirable bacterial strains is a potential strategy that can help overcome this rhizobia competition problem. As a first step towards this goal, we assessed the impact of graphene on soybean and Bradyrhizobium using a set of growth, biochemical, and physiological assays. Three different concentrations of graphene were tested for toxicity in soybean (50, 250, and 1,000 mg/l) and Bradyrhizobia (25, 50, and 100 mg/l). Higher graphene concentrations (250 mg/l and 1,000 mg/l) promoted seed germination but slightly delayed plant development. Spectrometric and microscopy assays for hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion suggested that specific concentrations of graphene led to higher levels of reactive oxygen species in the roots. In agreement, these roots also showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Conversely, no toxic effects were detected on Bradyrhizobia treated with graphene, and neither did they have higher levels of reactive oxygen species. Graphene treatments at 250 mg/l and 1,000 mg/l significantly reduced the number of nodules, but rhizobia infection and the overall nitrogenase activity were not affected. Our results show that graphene can be used as a potential vehicle for seed/root treatment.
Effect of laser acupuncture on monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in adolescent females: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Botla Afaf M. , Mustafa Jehan H. , Abd‐elmonem Amira M. , Sayed Mohamed D. , Shehata Mai M. A.
Published: September 2023

Background and aim

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is prevalent in children and adolescents and affects their social life later. Therefore, the objective of this study was to ascertain laser acupuncture (LA) therapy's effect on NE in adolescent females.

Methods

Sixty adolescent females diagnosed with chronic monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) were randomly divided into two equal groups: The intervention group (received LA and desmopressin) and the control group (received desmopressin only) (n = 30 each). Treatment was delivered and LA was used three times a week for 12 successive weeks. Abdominal ultrasonography and voiding calendar were used to assess bladder capacity and maximum voiding volume (MVV), respectively. The frequency of bed wetness was assessed throughout the trial period in a diary.

Results

Statistically significant differences were reported in the intervention group. Bladder capacity significantly increased in the intervention group (LA and desmopressin) than in the control group.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest the beneficial influences of LA on MNE, despite the very poor quality of the literature's available evidence.
Photoluminescence Color Prediction for Eu3+‐Doped Perovskite Red Phosphors Using Machine Learning
Authors: Otsuka Takahito , Oka Ryohei , Karasuyama Masayuki , Hayakawa Tomokatsu
Published: September 2023

Currently, data‐driven approaches for exploring novel materials are garnering significant attention with the expectation of accelerating material development cycles and understanding materials from various aspects. This short article presents a supervised prediction model for the emission intensity ratio of 5D0–7F2 and 5D0–7F1 transition of Eu3+ ions, called an “asymmetry ratio”, which determines the color purity of the red region of Eu3+ photoluminescence in perovskite phosphors. The model is developed using a dataset of 296 samples and 203 descriptors for Eu3+‐doped perovskite. The accuracy of the prediction model trained by the dataset is statistically evaluated, which validates its sufficiently high prediction performance. Furthermore, the prediction model's performance is properly assessed by synthesizing a Eu3+‐doped NaLaInNbO6 compound, which is unknown as a red phosphor, and by comparing the experimental asymmetry ratio for this compound with that predicted by the predictor, which exhibits satisfactory agreement.
Bandgap and Photoluminescence Tunability of Lead‐Free Cs3Bi2(Br,I)9 Solid Solution Compounds
Authors: Hashimoto Haruto , Oka Ryohei , Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Brabec Christoph
Published: September 2023

Herein, lead‐free, mixed‐halide perovskites of cesium bismuth bromide/iodide are synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their structures and optical properties of the solid solution compounds are examined. The synthesized compounds exhibit X‐ray diffraction patterns similar to that of trigonal Cs3Bi2Br9 (CBB), whose reflections are shifted to lower angles depending on the experimental iodine content. Very interestingly, even with the excessive introduction of iodine content in nominal, the symmetry of the crystals is kept to be trigonal, indicating that bromide CBB and iodide Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) are crystallographically mixed in a facile way, although the stable crystal form of CBI is hexagonal. The optical properties of bandgap energy Eg and photoluminescence (PL) for the synthesized crystals are also examined. It is found that Eg decreases and PL peak position is correspondingly shifted to a longer wavelength with an increase in the experimental iodine content due to their band‐to‐band transitions. Moreover, first‐principles calculation suggests the reduction of Eg with iodine content and the varied nature of band structure from direct (trigonal CBB) to indirect (trigonal CBI) transition. These novel findings can make the proposed strategy successful for developing lead‐free, mixed‐halide Bi‐based perovskite crystals with the tunability of their optical properties.
TeO2: A Prospective High‐k Dielectric
Authors: Keerthana  , Venimadhav Adyam
Published: September 2023

Herein, high‐k dielectric behavior of TeO2 thin films is investigated. The films are prepared using pulsed laser deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO)–glass substrates. Increasing the growth temperature has improved the surface roughness, transparency, and bandgap of the films. Films grown at 500 °C display nanocrystalline nature which is reflected in the increase of bandgap to 4.7 eV and is higher than the bulk value of α‐TeO2 (3.7 eV). The nanocrystalline TeO2 films in the metal–insulator–metal configuration show a stable high permittivity of ≈19 with low leakage current (J < 1 × 10−7 A cm−2) and good voltage stability (α = 509 ppm V−2). Field‐effect modulation is observed in the metal–oxide–semiconductor stack configuration with tellurium as a semiconductor. The study suggests nanocrystalline TeO2 as a low‐temperature processable high‐k material with high transparency for transistor applications.
Acteoside ameliorates learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by increasing Aβ degradation and inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation
Authors: Gao Li , Wang Dongqing , Ren Jia , Tan Xue , Chen Jiayuan , Kong Zheng , Nie Yunan , Yan Ming
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Recent studies have described the improved cognitive and neuroprotective functions of acteoside (AS). This study aimed to investigate whether the improved cognition of AS was mediated by Aβ degradation and tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 mice. The open field, Y maze, and novel object recognition tests were used to assess cognitive behavioral changes. We evaluated the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in serum, cortex, and hippocampus, and Aβ‐related scavenging enzymes, phosphorylated GSK3β and hyperphosphorylated tau in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice by western blotting. Our results revealed that AS treatment ameliorated anxious behaviors, spatial learning, and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice and significantly reduced Aβ deposition in their serum, cortex, and hippocampus. AS significantly increased Aβ degradation, inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau, and significantly decreased the activity of GSK3β, which is involved in tau phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings indicated that the beneficial effects of AS on AD‐associated anxious behaviors and cognitive impairments could be attributed to promoting Aβ degradation and inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, which might be partly mediated by GSK3β.
Valproate‐associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: September 2023

Valproate is frequently used to manage neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, mania, and migraine. One of the side effects associated with its use is idiosyncratic hyperammonemia in the setting of normal levels of liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin (Adler et al., 2015). The literature on valproate‐associated hyperammonemia, including the development of encephalopathy, has been primarily based on case reports, and the precise incidence is not known.
The role of in situ ocean data assimilation in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts of sea‐surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth over the tropical Pacific ocean
Authors: Wei Ho‐Hsuan , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Du Danni , Balmaseda Magdalena A. , Sarojini Beena B. , Vitart Frederic , DeMott Charlotte A. , Mazloff Matthew R.
Published: September 2023

The tropical Pacific plays an important role in modulating the global climate through its prevailing sea‐surface temperature spatial structure and dominant climate modes like El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and their teleconnections. These modes of variability, including their oceanic anomalies, are considered to provide sources of prediction skill on subseasonal timescales in the Tropics. Therefore, this study aims to examine how assimilating in situ ocean observations influences the initial ocean sea‐surface temperature (SST) and mixed‐layer depth (MLD) and their subseasonal forecasts. We analyze two subseasonal forecast systems generated with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS), where the ocean states were initialized using two Observing‐System Experiment (OSE) reanalyses. We find that the SST differences between forecasts with and without ocean data assimilation grow with time, resulting in a reduced cold‐tongue bias when assimilating ocean observations. Two mechanisms related to air–sea coupling are considered to contribute to this growth of SST differences. One is a positive feedback between the zonal SST gradient, pressure gradient, and surface wind. The other is the difference in Ekman suction and mixing at the Equator due to surface wind‐speed differences. While the initial mixed‐layer depth (MLD) can be improved through ocean data assimilation, this improvement is not maintained in the forecasts. Instead, the MLD in both experiments shoals rapidly at the beginning of the forecast. These results emphasize how initialization and model biases influence air–sea interaction and the accuracy of subseasonal forecasts in the tropical Pacific.
Conventional or reverse magnitude effect for negative outcomes: A matter of framing
Authors: Breuer Wolfgang , Soypak Can K. , Steininger Bertram I.
Published: September 2023

We present and expand existing theories about why individuals may assess positive outcomes differently from negative outcomes in intertemporal choices. All of our theories—based on utility or cost considerations – predict a conventional magnitude effect for positive outcomes, that is, a negative relation between outcome size and subjective discount rates. For negative outcomes, however, implications are different for utility‐ and cost‐based approaches. We argue that the relevance of utility‐based aspects is strengthened in a money frame, leading to a conventional magnitude effect even for negative outcomes, whereas cost‐based considerations gain in importance in an interest rate frame, implying, in contrast, a “reverse” magnitude effect, that is, higher discount rates for (absolutely) higher outcome size. A web‐based experiment with 676 participants confirms our theoretical findings: the conventional magnitude effect prevails for positive outcomes in the money and the interest rate frame and negative outcomes in the money frame. However, there is a reverse magnitude effect for negative outcomes in the interest rate frame. Our results might help to better understand prevailing magnitude effects in practical applications and might also be apt to derive suggestions for better designing of intertemporal decision problems.
Positioning for optimal distinctiveness: How firms manage competitive and institutional pressures under dynamic and complex environment
Authors: Su Jingqin , Gao Xin , Tan Justin
Published: September 2023

Research Summary

How firms strategically balance legitimacy and distinctiveness has garnered significant attention but reflects inconsistent perspectives. This inconsistency may stem from the inherent complexity of optimal distinctiveness (OD), which are sensitive to both the context and temporality. This article explores dynamic changes in institutional and competitive pressures and how they co‐evolve with different OD strategies. Through an exploratory, multi‐case study, we propose a pressure‐response model to uncover how firms dynamically pursue OD in response to different combinations of pressures. Furthermore, our findings reveal the mechanisms that drive the dynamic interactions between distinctiveness and legitimacy across different OD strategies. In essence, this study contributes to the OD research agenda by providing insights into the evolution of OD strategies, addressing the how and why behind their development.

Managerial Summary

Can enterprises effectively balance their needs for legitimacy and distinctiveness by achieving an optimal level of similarity and differentiation from their competitors? This article demonstrates that, in the face of multiple pressures with varying intensities, enterprises continuously adapt their strategic choices to achieve optimal distinctiveness (OD). As institutional and competitive pressures gradually intensify, an enterprise's OD strategies may transition from isomorphic and balancing approaches toward deviation. However, when accumulated inertia hinders the enterprise's ability to respond to emerging pressures, adjustments to the OD strategy may become necessary. Therefore, this study offers entrepreneurs a practical guide on how to dynamically maintain their enterprise's OD by selecting appropriate strategies based on the specific circumstances at hand.
Controllable and Reversible Assembly of Nanofiber from Natural Macromolecules via Protonation and Deprotonation
Authors: Zheng Hongzhi , Tong Xing , Zhang Yuping , Yin Panchao , Yi Jiwang , Chen Zehong , Lai Haihong , zhou Wei , Zhong Linxin , Zhuo Hao , Peng Xinwen
Published: September 2023

Nanofiber is the critical building block for many biological systems to perform various functions. Artificial assembly of molecules into nanofibers in a controllable and reversible manner will create “smart” functions to mimic those of their natural analogues and fabricate new functional materials, but remains an open challenge especially for nature macromolecules. Herein, the controllable and reversible assembly of nanofiber (CSNF) from natural macromolecules with oppositely charged groups are successfully realized by protonation and deprotonation of charged groups. By controlling the electrostatic interaction via protonation and deprotonation, the size and morphology of the assembled nanostructures can be precisely controlled. A strong electrostatic interaction contributes to large nanofiber with high strength, while poor electrostatic interaction produces finer nanofiber or nanoparticle. And especially, the assembly, disassembly, and reassembly of the nanofiber occurs reversibly through protonation and deprotonation, thereby paving a new way for precisely controlling the assembly process and structure of nanofiber. The reversible assembly allows the nanostructure to dynamically reorganize in response to subtle perturbation of environment. The as‐prepared CSNF is mechanical strong and can be used as a nano building block to fabricate high‐strength film, wire, and straw. This study offers many opportunities for the biomimetic synthesis of new functional materials.
Defensive and Ion Conductive Surface Layer Enables High Rate and Durable O3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Dai Liling , Guo Ziyin , Wang Zhao , Xu Shunjie , Wang Shuilong , Li Wenlu , Zhang Guodong , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Xia Yonggao
Published: September 2023

Na‐based layered transition metal oxides with an O3‐type structure are considered promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries. However, rapid capacity fading, and poor rate performance caused by serious structural changes and interfacial degradation hamper their use. In this study, a NaPO3 surface modified O3‐type layered NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode is synthesized, with improved high‐voltage stability through protecting layer against acid attack, which is achieved by a solid‐gas reaction between the cathode particles and gaseous P2O5. The NaPO3 nanolayer on the surface effectively stabilizes the crystal structure by inhibiting surface parasitic reactions and increasing the observed average voltage. Superior cyclic stability is exhibited by the surface‐modified cathode (80.1% vs 63.6%) after 150 cycles at 1 C in the wide voltage range of 2.0 V–4.2 V (vs Na+/Na). Moreover, benefiting from the inherent ionic conduction of NaPO3, the surface‐modified cathode presents excellent rate capability (103 mAh g−1 vs 60 mAh g−1) at 10 C. The outcome of this study demonstrates a practically relevant approach to develop high rate and durable sodium‐ion battery technology.
Coregulation of Li/Li+ Spatial Distribution by Electric Field Gradient with Homogenized Li‐Ion Flux for Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Liao Cenjing , Zou Rujia , Zhu Jinqi , Cui Zhe , Gao Mengluan , Zhang Lingjian , Wang Wenqing , Chen Huifang
Published: September 2023

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are highly sought after for their exceptional energy density. However, their practical implementation is impeded by the formation of dendrites and significant volume fluctuations in Li, which stem from the uneven distribution of Li‐ions and uncontrolled deposition of Li on the current collector. Here, an amino‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide covered with polyacrylonitrile (PrGN) film with an electric field gradient structure is prepared to deal with such difficulties. This novel current collector serves to stabilize Li‐metal anodes by regulating Li‐ion flux through vertically aligned channels formed by porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Moreover, the amino‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGN) acts as a three‐dimensional (3D) host, reducing nucleation overpotential and accommodating volume expansion during cycling. The combination of the insulating PAN and conducting rGN creates an electric field gradient that promotes a bottom‐up mode of Li electrodeposition and safeguards the anode from interfacial parasitic reactions. Consequently, the electrodes exhibit exceptional cycle life with stable voltage profiles and minimal hysteresis under high current densities and large areal capacities.
“Visualization” Gas—Gas Sensors Based on High Performance Novel MXenes Materials
Authors: Wang Yitong , Wang Yuhua , Kuai Yanbing , Jian Min
Published: September 2023

The detection of toxic, harmful, explosive, and volatile gases cannot be separated from gas sensors, and gas sensors are also used to monitor the greenhouse effect and air pollution. However, existing gas sensors remain with many drawbacks, such as lower sensitivity, lower selectivity, and unstable room temperature detection. Thus, there is an imperative need to find more suitable sensing materials. The emergence of a new 2D layered material MXenes has brought dawn to solve this problem. The multiple advantages of MXenes, namely high specific surface area, enriched terminal functionality groups, hydrophilicity, and good electrical conductivity, make them among the most prolific gas‐sensing materials. Therefore, this review paper describes the current main synthesis methods of MXenes materials, and focuses on summarizing and organizing the latest research results of MXenes in gas sensing applications. It also introduces the possible gas sensing mechanisms of MXenes materials on NH3, NO2, CH3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conclusion, it provides insight into the problems and upcoming challenges of MXenes materials for gas sensing.
Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation of ABC Triblock Copolymers for 3D Printing Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Shi Xiaobing , Yao Yin , Zhang Jin , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille
Published: September 2023

Polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a versatile technique for producing nanostructured materials. In previous PIMS studies, the predominant approach involved employing homopolymers as macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) to mediate the formation of nanostructured materials. In this article, the use of AB diblock copolymers as macroCTAs to design PIMS systems for 3D printing of nanostructured materials is investigated. Specifically, the influence of diblock copolymer composition and block sequence on the resulting nanostructures, and their subsequent impact on bulk properties is systematically investigated. Through careful manipulation of the A/B block ratios, the morphology and size of the nanodomains are successfully controlled. Remarkably, the sequence of A and B blocks significantly affects the microphase separation process, resulting in distinct morphologies. The effect can be attributed to changes in the interaction parameters (χAB, χBC, χAC) between the different block segments. Furthermore, the block sequence and composition exert profound influence on the thermomechanical, tensile, and swelling properties of 3D printed nanostructured materials. By leveraging this knowledge, it becomes possible to design advanced 3D printable materials with tailored properties, opening new avenues for material engineering.
The Developed Wave Cancellation Theory Contributing to Understand Wave Absorption Mechanism of ZIF Derivatives with Controllable Electromagnetic Parameters
Authors: Zhou Yukang , He Peng , Ma Wenjun , Zuo Peiyuan , Xu Jian , Tang Chuanhao , Zhuang Qixin
Published: September 2023

How to better understand the influence of electromagnetic parameters on the absorbing properties of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMAs) is an essential prerequisite for further synthesis and development of high‐performance EMAs. In this work, an improved wave cancellation theory is used as a guiding principle to prepare N‐doped carbon‐coated cobalt nanoparticles (Co@NC) using ZIF‐8@ZIF‐67 as the precursor, thus enabling controllable electromagnetic parameters by regulating the conduction loss and dipole polarization ability. The Co@NC generated by pyrolysis at 700 °C under H2 atmosphere presents an optimized absorption performance. Benefiting from developed wave cancellation theory, the thickness of the film can be accurately adjusted so that the difference between the amplitude of the reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves is only 0.001 and the phase difference is 180.05°, thus achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin(dB)) of −64.0 dB. Meanwhile, a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.4 GHz is achieved simultaneously attributing to its most suitable electromagnetic parameters. Accordingly, the current research based on wave cancellation theory significantly contributes to understand the relationships between electromagnetic parameters and wave absorption properties, therefore providing a theoretical insight into the further development of high‐performance EMAs.
3D Carbon Microspheres with a Maze‐Like Structure and Large Mesopore Tunnels Built From Rapid Aerosol‐Confined Coherent Salt/Surfactant Templating
Authors: Li Cancan , Hu Zeyu , Jiang Guanyun , Zhang Yali , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: September 2023

Hierarchically porous carbons with tailor‐made properties are essential for applications wherein rich active sites and fast mass transfer are required. Herein, a rapid aerosol‐confined salt/surfactant templating approach is proposed for synthesizing hierarchically porous carbon microspheres (HPCMs) with a maze‐like structure and large mesopore tunnels for high‐performance tri‐phase catalytic ozonation. The confined assembly in drying microdroplets is crucial for coherent salt (NaCl) and surfactant (F127) dual templating without macroscopic phase separation. The HPCMs possess tunable sizes, a maze‐like structure with highly open macropores (0.3–30 µm) templated from NaCl crystal arrays, large intrawall mesopore tunnels (10–45 nm) templated from F127, and rich micropores (surface area >1000 m2 g−1) and oxygen heteroatoms originated from NaCl‐confined carbonization of phenolic resin. The structure formation mechanism of the HPCMs and several influencing factors on properties are elaborated. The HPCMs exhibit superior performance in gas–liquid–solid tri‐phase catalytic ozonation for oxalate degradation, owing to their hierarchical pore structure for fast mass transfer and rich defects and oxygen‐containing groups (especially carbonyl) for efficient O3 activation. The reactive oxygen species responsible for oxalate degradation and the influences of several structure parameters on performance are discussed. This work may provide a platform for producing hierarchically porous materials for various applications.
Organosilicon‐Based Carbon Dots and Their Versatile Applications
Authors: Hu Huajiang , Wu Yongzhong , Gong Xiao
Published: September 2023

Carbon dots (CDs) are a newly discovered type of fluorescent material that has gained significant attention due to their exceptional optical properties, biocompatibility, and other remarkable characteristics. However, single CDs have some drawbacks such as self‐quenching, low quantum yield (QY), and poor stability. To address these issues, researchers have turned to organosilicon, which is known for its green, economical, and abundant properties. Organosilicon is widely used in various fields including optics, electronics, and biology. By utilizing organosilicon as a synthetic precursor, the biocompatibility, QY, and resistance to self‐quenching of CDs can be improved. Meanwhile, the combination of organosilicon with CDs enables the functionalization of CDs, which significantly expands their original application scenarios. This paper comprehensively analyzes organosilicon in two main categories: precursors for CD synthesis and matrix materials for compounding with CDs. The role of organosilicon in these categories is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the paper presents various applications of organosilicon compounded CDs, including detection and sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic applications, and biological applications. Finally, the paper briefly discusses current development challenges and future directions in the field.
Effect of the Thickness and Sb–O Content in Sb2S3 Thin Films to the Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Huang Yuye , Shi Chengwu , Yang Bo , Lv Kai , Ye Changsheng , Wang Yanqing , Hu Guiju , Guo Fuling , Chen Wangchao
Published: September 2023

Herein, Sb2S3 thin films are successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using the mixing solution of SbCl3 and sodium citrate as a novel Sb source. The influence of the growth temperature and time, growth solution volume on the properties of Sb2S3 thin films, and the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding solar cells is systematically investigated. The results reveal that the thickness and Sb–O content in Sb2S3 thin films decrease with the increase of the growth temperature and growth solution volume and decrease of the growth time. When the chemical composition and volume of the growth solution are 120 mM SbCl3, 276 mM sodium citrate, 180 mM Na2S2O3, 60 mM thioacetamide, and 28 mL, and the growth temperature and time are 150 °C and 2 h, the thickness and molar ratios of Sb–O:Sb–S/O in Sb2S3 thin films are 295 nm and 0.14 and the corresponding solar cells achieve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.36%, which is the highest PCE in Sb2S3 solar cells using hydrothermal method. Therefore, the effect of the growth temperature and time, specially the growth solution volume, on the thickness and Sb–O content in Sb2S3 thin films is important for improving the PCE of Sb2S3 solar cells.
NORA: Scalable OWL reasoner based on NoSQL databases and Apache Spark
Authors: Benítez‐Hidalgo Antonio , Navas‐Delgado Ismael , Roldán‐García María del Mar
Published: September 2023

Reasoning is the process of inferring new knowledge and identifying inconsistencies within ontologies. Traditional techniques often prove inadequate when reasoning over large Knowledge Bases containing millions or billions of facts. This article introduces NORA, a persistent and scalable OWL reasoner built on top of Apache Spark, designed to address the challenges of reasoning over extensive and complex ontologies. NORA exploits the scalability of NoSQL databases to effectively apply inference rules to Big Data ontologies with large ABoxes. To facilitate scalable reasoning, OWL data, including class and property hierarchies and instances, are materialized in the Apache Cassandra database. Spark programs are then evaluated iteratively, uncovering new implicit knowledge from the dataset and leading to enhanced performance and more efficient reasoning over large‐scale ontologies. NORA has undergone a thorough evaluation with different benchmarking ontologies of varying sizes to assess the scalability of the developed solution.
A description of the palate and mandible of Youngina capensis (Sauropsida, Diapsida) based on synchrotron tomography, and the phylogenetic implications
Authors: Hunt Annabel K. , Ford David P. , Fernandez Vincent , Choiniere Jonah N. , Benson Roger B. J.
Published: September 2023

The late Permian reptile Youngina capensis (c. 254 Ma) is a non‐saurian neodiapsid whose anatomy has been used to represent the reptilian condition prior to the divergence of Sauria (crown‐group reptiles). However, despite being first described over 100 years ago, the anatomy of Youngina remains incompletely documented. Here we use synchrotron x‐ray micro‐computed tomography to document new features of the palate, braincase and mandible of Youngina. New observations include an anteriorly bifurcating vomer, dentition on the ventral surface of the parasphenoid body and cultriform process, and a strongly convex coronoid eminence. Our anatomical observations suggest that Youngina may represent a more stemward lineage among non‐saurian neodiapsids and this is supported by our phylogenetic analysis, which places Youngina as an early diverging neodiapsid. Our research will benefit future studies on saurian origins by providing improved constraints on neodiapsid anatomy prior to the divergence of the reptilian crown group.
Research on hyper‐level of hyper‐heuristic framework for MOTCP
Authors: Guo Junxia , Wang Rui , Han Jinjin , Li Zheng
Published: September 2023

Heuristic algorithms are widely used to solve multi‐objective test case prioritization (MOTCP) problems. However, they perform differently for different test scenarios, which conducts difficulty in applying a suitable algorithm for new test requests in the industry. A concrete hyper‐heuristic framework for MOTCP (HH‐MOTCP) is proposed for addressing this problem. It mainly has two parts: low‐level encapsulating various algorithms and hyper‐level including an evaluation and selection mechanism that dynamically selects low‐level algorithms. This framework performs good but still difficult to keep in the best three. If the evaluation mechanism can more accurately analyse the current results, it will help the selection strategy to find more conducive algorithms for evolution. Meanwhile, if the selection strategy can find a more suitable algorithm for the next generation, the performance of the HH‐MOTCP framework will be better. In this paper, we first propose new strategies for evaluating the current generation results, then perform an extensive study on the selection strategies which decide the heuristic algorithm for the next generation. Experimental results show that the new evaluation and selection strategies proposed in this paper can make the HH‐MOTCP framework more effective and efficient, which makes it almost the best two except for one test object and ahead in about 40% of all test objects.
C2 and C1‐Symmetric Camphopyrazole Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes catalyze the Epoxidation of Cyclic Olefins
Authors: Aguilera Tania , Pastrán Jesús , Llovera Ligia , Linden Anthony , Herrera Alberto , Venuti Doménico , Agrifoglio Giuseppe , Dorta Romano
Published: September 2023

Dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes (1‐6) were prepared in good yields (≥79 %) using enantiopure C2 and C1‐symmetric bidentate N,N‐ligands (L1‐L6) derived from (+)‐camphor. The ligands and complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR, and elemental analysis. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of complexes 3, 4 and 6 confirmed the bidentate coordination modes of ligands L3, L4, and L6 and revealed distorted octahedral coordination geometries around the metal center. Complexes 3 and 6 form conformational isomers depending on the orientation of the substituents of the ligand aryl groups. Preliminary evaluation of the complexes as catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclohexene (81–93 % conversion) and cis‐cyclooctene (66–94 % conversion) with cumyl hydroperoxide and 35 % w/w aqueous hydrogen peroxide (39–73 %) demonstrated their activity for oxygen atom transfer reactions, opening the way for asymmetric epoxidations.
Effective portals to heavy neutral leptons
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Enrique , González-López Manuel , Hernández-García Josu , Hostert Matheus , López-Pavón Jacobo
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The existence of right-handed neutrinos, or heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), is strongly motivated by the observation of neutrino masses and mixing. The mass of these new particles could lie below the electroweak scale, making them accessible to low-energy laboratory experiments. Additional new physics at high energies can mediate new interactions between the Standard Model particles and HNLs, and is most conveniently parametrized by the neutrino Standard Model Effective Field Theory, or νSMEFT for short. In this work, we consider the dimension six νSMEFT operators involving one HNL field in the mass range of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) MeV < MN<$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) GeV. By recasting existing experimental limits on the production and decay of new light particles, we constrain the Wilson coefficients and new physics scale of each operator as a function of the HNL mass.1
Branes and symmetries for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 3 S-folds
Authors: Etheredge Muldrow , Etxebarria Iñaki García , Heidenreich Ben , Rauch Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We describe the higher-form and non-invertible symmetries of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 S-folds using the brane dynamics of their holographic duals. In cases with enhancement to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetry, our analysis reproduces the known field theory results of Aharony, Seiberg and Tachikawa, and is compatible with the effective action recently given by Bergman and Hirano. Likewise, for two specific $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 theories for which Zafrir has conjectured $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lagrangians our results agree with those implied by the Lagrangian description. In all other cases, our results imply novel predictions about the symmetries of the corresponding $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 field theories.
A fully solvable model of fermionic interaction in 3 + 1d
Authors: Grable Seth , Weiner Max
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Recently, Romatschke found that the poles in O(N) scalar theories do not affect observables such as temperature and pressure. Romatschke went on to show this result holds for marginal, relevant, and irrelevant operators in 3 + 1d O(N) scalar theories. We continue in this direction by studying large-N fermi-interactions in 3 + 1d. To do so, we produce a model of marginally coupled fermi-interactions which is fully renormalizable at large-N. This theory contains poles in the running coupling, however we argue these poles do not affect any physical observables. Further, our theory contains first order phase transition which separates a stable, meta-stable, and unstable phase.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Isolated Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Reiff Tilman , Mansmann Ulrich , Schoene Daniela , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N. , Gawlitza Matthias , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Ringleb Peter A. , Puetz Volker , Gerber Johannes C. , Nagel Simon
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute symptomatic isolated occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) without involvement of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries is unclear. We aimed to compare clinical and safety outcomes of best medical treatment (BMT) versus EVT + BMT in patients with stroke due to isolated ICA occlusion.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving patients with isolated ICA occlusion between January 2016 and December 2020. We stratified patients by BMT versus EVT and matched the groups using propensity score matching (PSM). We assessed the effect of treatment strategy on favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2) 90 days after treatment and compared reduction in NIHSS score at discharge, rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 3‑month mortality.

Results

In total, we included 149 patients with isolated ICA occlusion. To address imbalances, we matched 45 patients from each group using PSM. The rate of favorable outcomes at 90 days was 56% for EVT and 38% for BMT (odds ratio, OR 1.89, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.84–4.24; p = 0.12). Patients treated with EVT showed a median reduction in NIHSS score at discharge of 6 points compared to 1 point for BMT patients (p = 0.02). Rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7% vs. 4%; p = 0.66) and 3‑month mortality (11% vs. 13%; p = 0.74) did not differ between treatment groups. Periprocedural complications of EVT with early neurological deterioration occurred in 7% of cases.

Conclusion

Although the benefit on functional outcome did not reach statistical significance, the results for NIHSS score improvement, and safety support the use of EVT in patients with stroke due to isolated ICA occlusion.