bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Southward shift of precipitation extremes over south Asia: Evidences from CORDEX data
Authors: Suman Mayank , Maity Rajib
Published: April 2020

Analysis of observed Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation reveals more increase in extreme precipitation (in terms of its magnitude) over south India compared to north and central India during 1971–2017 (base period: 1930–1970). In the future, analysis of precipitation from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment indicates a southward shift of precipitation extremes over South Asia. For instance, the Arabian Sea, south India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia are expected to have the maximum increase (~18.5 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario) in mean extreme precipitation (average precipitation for the days with more than 99th percentile of daily precipitation). However, north and central India and Tibetan Plateau show relatively less increase (~2.7 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario). Analysis of air temperature at 850 mb and precipitable water (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) indicates an intensification of Indian Ocean Dipole in future, which will enhance the monsoon throughout India. Moisture flux and convergence analysis (at 850 mb) show a future change of the direction of south-west monsoon winds towards the east over the Indian Ocean. These changes will intensify the observed contrast in extreme precipitation between south and north India, and cause more extreme precipitation events in the countries like Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.
Influence of corneal spherical aberration on prediction error of the Haigis-L formula
Authors: Whang Woong-Joo , Yoo Young-Sik , Kim Hyun-Seung , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between corneal asphericity and Haigis-L formula prediction errors in routine cataract surgery after refractive surgery for myopic correction. This retrospective study included 102 patients (102 eyes) with a history of previous PRK or LASIK and cataract surgery. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal power were measured using the optical biometer. On the anterior corneal surface, Q-value, spherical aberration, and ecentricity at 6.0 and 8.0 mm were measured using a rotating Scheimpflug camera. The postoperative refractive outcome at 6 months, mean error, and mean absolute error were determined. Correlation tests were performed to determine the associations between pre-cataract surgery data and the prediction error. The Q-values for 6.0 and 8.0 mm corneal diameter were 1.57 ± 0.70 (range: 0.03~3.44), and 0.82 ± 0.5 (range: −0.10~−2.66). The spherical aberration for 6.0 and 8.0 mm diameter was 1.16 ± 0.39 µm (range: 0.24~2.08 µm), and 3.69 ± 0.87 µm (range: 0.91~5.91 µm). eccentricity for 6.0 and 8.0 mm diameter was −1.22 ± 0.31 (range: −1.85 to −0.17), and −0.82 ± 0.39 (range: −1.63 to 0.32). The spherical aberration for 8.0 mm cornea diameter showed the highest correlations with the predicion error (r = 0.750; p < 0.001). When the modified Haigis-L formula considering spherical aberration for 8.0 mm produced smaller values in standard deviation of mean error (0.45D versus 0.68D), mean absolute error (0.35D versus 0.55D), and median absolute error (0.31D versus 0.51D) than the Haigis formula. Corneal asphericity influences the predictive accuracy of the Haigis-L formula. The accuracy was enhanced by taking into consideration the corneal spherical aberration for the 8.0 mm zone at pre-cataract surgery state.
Increased incidence of bladder cancer with metabolically unhealthy status: analysis from the National Health Checkup database in Korea
Authors: Kim Jong Wook , Ahn Sun Tae , Oh Mi Mi , Moon Du Geon , Cheon Jun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Seon Mee , Park Hong Seok
Published: April 2020

We assessed the association between metabolic health status and the incidence of bladder cancer using nationally representative data from the National Health Insurance System and National Health Checkups (NHC) databases in South Korea. Data for 11,781,768 men who participated in the NHC between 2009 and 2012 were analysed. The normal-weight and physically obese categories were defined as body mass indexes (BMI) < 25 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively. Metabolically obese was defined as the presence of ≥3 components of metabolic syndrome. The participants were stratified into metabolically healthy, normal-weight (MHNW); metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW); metabolically healthy, obese (MHO); metabolically obese, obese (MOO). Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between metabolic health status and the incidence of bladder cancer. The study participants included 17,777 men newly registered with bladder cancer. Analysis according to metabolic health status classification revealed a higher multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio in the MOO, MONW group than in the MHO group (1.307 [95% CI: 1.258–1.358], 1.183 [95% CI: 1.137–1.231] and 1.066 [95% CI: 1.017–1.119], respectively; hazard ratios given relative to MHNW group) We found an association between metabolic health status and the incidence of bladder cancer, with an increasing risk according to the number of metabolic health status components.
An outcome-wide analysis of bidirectional associations between changes in meaningfulness of life and health, emotional, behavioural, and social factors
Authors: Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy
Published: April 2020

The sense that one is living a meaningful life is associated with positive health outcomes, but less is known about the role of changes in sense of meaning. This outcome-wide analysis investigated bidirectional associations between changes in ratings of doing worthwhile things in life and 32 factors in 6 domains of human function in 5,694 men and women (M = 66.65 years) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants rated the extent they felt that the things they did in life were worthwhile in 2012 and 2014. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education and social class, and were weighted for non-response. We found that health (e.g. few chronic diseases, no chronic pain), emotional wellbeing (e.g. few depressive symptoms, good sleep), greater physical activity, social factors (e.g. close relationships, friends, organizational membership, volunteering, cultural engagement), and economic factors (wealth, income), at baseline were associated with 2 year increases in worthwhile ratings. Conversely, increases in worthwhile ratings over 2 years were related to more favourable health, emotional, behavioural, and social changes between 2012 and 2016 independently of baseline levels. These bidirectional relationships highlight the importance of maintaining worthwhile activities at older ages.
Intestinal microbial metabolite stercobilin involvement in the chronic inflammation of ob/ob mice
Authors: Sanada Shunsuke , Suzuki Takuji , Nagata Akika , Hashidume Tsutomu , Yoshikawa Yuko , Miyoshi Noriyuki
Published: April 2020

It is crucial that the host and intestinal microflora interact and influence each other to maintain homeostasis and trigger pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that transplantation of the murine intestinal content to recipient germ-free mice enables transmission of the donor’s phenotypes, such as low level chronic inflammation associated with lifestyle-related diseases. These findings indicate that intestinal bacteria produce some molecules to trigger pathological signals. However, fecal microbial metabolites that induce obesity and the type II diabetic phenotype have not been fully clarified. Here, we showed that the intestinal bacterial metabolite stercobilin, a pigment of feces, induced proinflammatory activities including TNF-α and IL-1β induction in mouse macrophage RAW264 cells. Proinflammatory stercobilin levels were significantly higher in ob/ob mice feces than in the feces of control C57BL/6 J mice. Moreover, in this study, we detected stercobilin in mice plasma for the first time, and the levels were higher in ob/ob mice than that of C57BL/6 J mice. Therefore, stercobilin is potentially reabsorbed, circulated through the blood system, and contributes to low level chronic inflammation in ob/ob mice. Since, stercobilin is a bioactive metabolite, it could be a potentially promising biomarker for diagnosis. Further analyses to elucidate the metabolic rate and the reabsorption mechanism of stercobilin may provide possible therapeutic and preventive targets.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit the proliferation and osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Zheng Yi , Yu Wenwen , Li Hongyan , Lin Hongbing , Chen Zhen , Chen Huishan , Zhang Peipei , Tian Yue , Xu Xiaowei , Shen Yuqin
Published: April 2020

Clinical prevention and treatment of periodontitis-induced bone absorption remains a challenge.
Ultrafine carbon encapsulated NiRu alloys as bifunctional electrocatalysts for boosting overall water splitting: morphological and electronic modulation through minor Ru alloying
Authors: Yang Qifeng , Jin Peng , Liu Bing , Zhao Liang , Cai Jiahao , Wei Zhan , Zuo Shouwei , Zhang Jing , Feng Lai
Published: April 2020

The ultrafine nanocatalyst e-Ni0.6Ru0.4@C exhibited outstanding HER, OER and OWS activities in alkaline media. The contribution of minor Ru content was studied.
Near-infrared-persistent luminescence/bioluminescence imaging tracking of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Xia Yuyang , Bao Hongying , Huang Jie , Li Xiaodi , Yu Chenggong , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Haishui
Published: April 2020

A dual-labeling strategy integrating near-infrared-persistent luminescence and RfLuc-based bioluminescence imaging techniques has been developed to track the transplanted stem cells, deepening the understanding of the role played by stem cells in PF treatment.
The potential role of borophene as a radiosensitizer in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and particle therapy (PT)
Authors: Qi Pengyuan , Chen Qianyuan , Tu Dong , Yao Songhuan , Zhang Yupeng , Wang Jike , Xie Conghua , Pan Chunxu , Peng Hao
Published: April 2020

The potential role of borophene as a radiosensitizer in PT and BNCT was investigated.
Enhanced nanoparticle accumulation by tumor-acidity-activatable release of sildenafil to induce vasodilation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Yu , Ding Xiaoya , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi
Published: April 2020

An efficient strategy to selectively promote nanoparticle accumulation in solid tumors was developed by encapsulating sildenafil in cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles.
Water-soluble NHC-stabilized platinum nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for hydrogenation in water
Authors: Ruiz-Varilla Andrea M. , Baquero Edwin A. , Chaudret Bruno , de Jesús Ernesto , Gonzalez-Arellano Camino , Flores Juan C.
Published: April 2020

Aromatic compounds have been hydrogenated in water using recoverable catalysts based on water-soluble platinum nanoparticles capped with NHC ligands.
Framework flexibility-driven CO2 adsorption on a zeolite
Authors: Choi Hyun June , Min Jung Gi , Ahn Sang Hyun , Shin Jiho , Hong Suk Bong , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Chandran C. Vinod , Bell Robert G. , Breynaert Eric , Kirschhock Christine E. A.
Published: April 2020

Framework deformation, driven by the cations in the channels, determines the CO2 ad- and desorption behavior of zeolites. This allows to tune the zeolite properties to efficient temperature swing adsorption processes.
Reversible changes in the electronic structure of carbon nanotube-hybrids upon NO2 exposure under ambient conditions
Authors: Fedi Filippo , Domanov Oleg , Shiozawa Hidetsugu , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Lacovig Paolo , Lizzit Silvano , Goldoni Andrea , Pichler Thomas , Ayala Paola
Published: April 2020

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have enormous potential for gas sensing. This study shows that cluster filling is a key to high sensitivity and it opens the possibility for a very high desorption at ambient temperature.
Influence of molecular weight on transdermal delivery of model macromolecules using hydrogel-forming microneedles: potential to enhance the administration of novel low molecular weight biotherapeutics
Authors: Hutton Aaron R. J. , McCrudden Maelíosa T. C. , Larrañeta Eneko , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: April 2020

For the first time, we have shown that molecular weight plays a role in permeation through a ‘super-swelling’ microneedle system.
Structural modulation induced intensity enhancement of full color spectra: a case of Ba3ZnTa2−xNbxO9:Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Zhou Lei , Hong Junyu , He Shiman , Jing Xiping , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Shi Jianxin , Wu Mingmei
Published: April 2020

A single-component white phosphor Ba2.9Eu0.1ZnNb2O9 with visible emission bands is realized by a two-step targeted structural modulation. Due to its remarkable properties, this phosphor may be used in solid state lighting devices.
Vowel and Sibilant Production in Noise: Effects of Noise Frequency and Phonological Similarity
Authors: Reilly Kevin J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study investigated vowel and sibilant productions in noise to determine whether responses to noise (a) are sensitive to the spectral characteristics of the noise signal and (b) are modulated by the contribution of vowel or sibilant contrasts to word discrimination.

Method

Vowel and sibilant productions were elicited during serial recall of three-word sequences that were produced in quiet or during exposure to speaker-specific noise signals. These signals either masked a speaker's productions of the sibilants /s/ and /ʃ/ or their productions of the vowels /a/ and /æ/. The contribution of the vowel and sibilant contrasts to word discrimination in a sequence was manipulated by varying the number of times that the target sibilant and vowel pairs occurred in the same word position in each sequence.

Results

Spectral noise effects were observed for both sibilants and vowels: Responses to noise were larger and/or involved to more acoustic features when the noise signal masked the acoustic characteristics of that phoneme class. Word discrimination effects were limited and consisted of only small increases in vowel duration. Interaction effects between noise and similarity indicated that the phonological similarity of sequences containing both sibilants and/or both vowels influenced articulation in ways not related to speech clarity.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that sensorimotor control of speech exhibits some sensitivity to noise spectral characteristics. However, productions of sibilants and vowels were not sensitive to their importance in discriminating the words in a sequence. In addition, phonological similarity effects were observed that likely reflected processing demands related to the recall and sequencing of high-similarity words.
Central kiloparsec of NGC 1326 observed with SINFONI
Authors: Fazeli Nastaran , Busch Gerold , Eckart Andreas , Combes Françoise , Misquitta Persis , Straubmeier Christian
Published: April 2020

Gas inflow processes in the vicinity of galactic nuclei play a crucial role in galaxy evolution and supermassive black hole growth. Exploring the central kiloparsec of galaxies is essential to shed more light on this subject. We present near-infraredH- andK-band results of the nuclear region of the nearby galaxy NGC 1326, observed with the integral-field spectrograph SINFONI mounted on the Very Large Telescope. The field of view covers 9″ × 9″ (650 × 650 pc2). Our work is concentrated on excitation conditions, morphology, and stellar content. The nucleus of NGC 1326 was classified as a LINER, however in our data we observed an absence of ionised gas emission in the centralr ∼ 3″. We studied the morphology by analysing the distribution of ionised and molecular gas, and thereby detected an elliptically shaped, circum-nuclear star-forming ring at a mean radius of 300 pc. We estimate the starburst regions in the ring to be young with dominating ages of < 10 Myr. The molecular gas distribution also reveals an elongated east to west central structure about 3″ in radius, where gas is excited by slow or mild shock mechanisms. We calculate the ionised gas mass of 8 × 105M⊙completely concentrated in the nuclear ring and the warm molecular gas mass of 187M⊙, from which half is concentrated in the ring and the other half in the elongated central structure. The stellar velocity fields show pure rotation in the plane of the galaxy. The gas velocity fields show similar rotation in the ring, but in the central elongated H2structure they show much higher amplitudes and indications of further deviation from the stellar rotation in the central 1″ aperture. We suggest that the central 6″ elongated H2structure might be a fast-rotating central disc. The CO(3–2) emission observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array reveal a central 1″ torus. In the central 1″ of the H2velocity field and residual maps, we find indications for a further decoupled structure closer to a nuclear disc, which could be identified with the torus surrounding the supermassive black hole.
Mathematical Model for Optimization of Heat Exchange Systems of a Refinery
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Yushkova Ekaterina Aleksandrovn
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of thermodynamic optimization of heat transfer systems. Optimization is carried out by an exergy pinch method. This method includes the advantages of exergy analysis and pinch method. Exergy analysis takes into account the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thermal processes, the pinch method allows structural and parametric optimization of heat transfer systems. The article presents a mathematical model for optimization by exergy pinch analysis. This model allows automated system optimization. Exergy pinch analysis allows more efficient use of energy and resources at the enterprise, which is relevant today.
The use of mathematical modeling methods for solving geo-ecological problems of sustainable development of regions
Authors: Volik M V
Published: April 2020

Currently, a number of environmental problems have a significant impact on the stable economic development of the country. A global problem is the study of air pollution. The solution of such geoecological problems should be carried out with the use of modern mathematical apparatus and digital technologies. The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the distribution of gaseous pollutants emitted by motor vehicles in the pedestrian zone of streets. It is shown that the vortex structures formed in the studied city buildings development have a significant impact on the accumulation of anthropogenic impurities.
An insurance fund as a tool for preserving and accruing the innovative and environmental potentials of economic systems
Authors: Frolova Veronika , Shamina Lubov
Published: April 2020

Considering the 2030 Russian Federation environmental policy and the Environmental Safety Strategy for the period until 2025, which make us re-evaluate the role of insurance as a whole, expanding it to include environmental insurance and environmental innovations, we determine four main types of environmental investments in sustainable innovations. Additionally, we look into the possibility of further development of environmental insurance in view of sustainable economics.
Environmental Component Economic Evaluation of the Renewable Energy Sources Life Cycle
Authors: Sosnina E N , Masleeva O V , Kryukov E V , Erdili N I
Published: April 2020

Traditionally, renewable energy sources (RES) are considered the most environmentally friendly, but only the stage of their operation is evaluated. A method for the integrated assessment of the renewable energy environment sustainability has been proposed, taking into account their entire life cycle - from the extraction of natural resources for the production of a power plant to its utilization. An impact assessment of RES different types on the environment has been carried out in four areas: consumption of natural resources, pollution of water resources, pollution of the soil and pollution of the atmosphere. The comparison of the considered environmental components has been carried out on the basis of an environmental pollution economic assessment at the stages of the RES life cycle. Studies have shown that the life cycle of a solar power plant makes the greatest contribution to environmental pollution, but the mini-hydroelectric station - the smallest.
The environmental aspect of the Eurasian integration of trans-border regions of Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Selishcheva T. A. , Nuyanzin V M , Iljina O P , Gavrilyuk E S , Gorodkova S. A.
Published: April 2020

The article considers the environmental problems of the trans-border regions of Siberia and the Far East in the conditions of the Eurasian integration. The environmental consequences of functioning of the economies of the near-border East Asian countries for the Russian trans-border regions are shown. Russian trans-border Siberian and Far Eastern regions perform economic cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region in various sectors of the economy: mining and manufacturing, agriculture and forestry, nuclear energy, transport and other industries. At the same time, the environmental risks of such cooperation are not always evaluated. This is evidenced by the deteriorating environmental situation in the regions under consideration. The article proposes measures to improve the state environmental regulation of the Eurasian integration process: the development of low-carbon energy and energy-efficient technologies, the use of modern agricultural technologies, focus on the formation of a green economy, coordination of environmental legislation of the cooperating Eurasian states.
Cooperation and Partnership in Science and Technology in Modern Russia
Authors: Arkhipova M , Sirotin V , Afonina V
Published: April 2020

The paper is about main trends of cooperation activity in research and development in Russia nowadays. It is focused on types of cooperation and types of partners in joint projects. Special attention is paid to cooperation in manufacturing. This makes it possible to diagnose possible points of innovation growth, that is, types of manufacturing activities that are of interest to both Russian and foreign partners. The study of the partnership in the dynamics allowed us to see a reduction in the share of suppliers of equipment, raw and materials in joint projects, as well as the share of consulting firms. To study the factors that have a decisive influence on the cooperation activity of organizations, a logit model is created. It shows that the probability of cooperation increases with the growth of novelty of the created advanced production technologies, innovation and patent activity of enterprises. The proposed aggregate indicator of cooperation activity can provide regular monitoring of cooperation and partnership in R&D.
Development of oil product contaminated wastewater treatment technology using sorbents based on mining waste
Authors: Araslanova Lyaysan , Kuznetsova Elena , Tuktarova Irene , Nazarov Alexey
Published: April 2020

One of the most common types of ecotoxicants is oil products - unidentified group of oil hydrocarbons and products of its processing. In this regard, the development of technology for obtaining new highly efficient and inexpensive sorbents for wastewater treatment from oil products (including industrial waste) is an urgent problem. In this paper, the technology of wastewater treatment includes the use of composite sorbents based on tails-waste of Uchalinsky (UW) and Buribaevsky (BW) mining and processing plants (MPP), mica quartzite (MQ) of the Baymak field and montmorillonite clay (MC) and sodium humates (SH) obtained from waste of Tulgan brown coal. Using these sorbents, we investigated the efficiency of these sorbents in model wastewater treatment contaminated with oil from the Vozeyskoye oilfield of LLC Usinsk Neftegaz and real wastewater of “Bashneft” Ufa Oil Company. It is shown that the efficiency of treatment and the rate of adsorption of model wastewater containing oil products (8-50 mg/dm3) increases in a number of sorbents MQ < BAU < BW (UW) + MC < BW (UW) + MC+SH (BAU is a comparison sorbent - activated carbon) and reaches a maximum for MPP coated with SH. For real wastewater containing oil products of Ufa refinery (3-625 mg/l) adsorption activity increases in the number of MQ < MQ + MC < BW + MC < UW + MC. Thus, the most effective sorbents for real and model wastewater containing oil and oil products are sorbents based on waste from Uchalinsky MPP in the composition of MH (degree of purification 96.1 %), as well as sorbent: waste UW (BW) + MC modified SH (98.1 and 98.2 %, respectively).
Neural network method as means of processing experimental data on grain crop yields
Authors: Nikiforov Aleksandr , Kuchumov Aleksei , Terentev Sergei , Karamulina Inessa , Romanova Iraida , Glushakov Sergei
Published: April 2020

In the work based on agroecological and technological testing of varieties of grain crops of domestic and foreign breeding, winter triticale in particular, conducted on the experimental field of the Smolensk State Agricultural Academy between 2015 and 2019, we present the methodology and results of processing the experimental data used for constructing the neural network model. Neural networks are applicable for solving tasks that are difficult for computers of traditional design and humans alike. Those are processing large volumes of experimental data, automation of image recognition, approximation of functions and prognosis. Neural networks include analyzing subject areas and weight coefficients of neurons, detecting conflict samples and outliers, normalizing data, determining the number of samples required for teaching a neural network and increasing the learning quality when their number is insufficient, as well as selecting the neural network type and decomposition based on the number of input neurons. We consider the technology of initial data processing and selecting the optimal neural network structure that allows to significantly reduce modeling errors in comparison with neural networks created with unprepared source data. Our accumulated experience of working with neural networks has demonstrated encouraging results, which indicates the prospects of this area, especially when describing processes with large amounts of variables. In order to verify the resulting neural network model, we have carried out a computational experiment, which showed the possibility of applying scientific results in practice.
To the question of improvement the normative methodology for calculating the frost resistance of a road structure
Authors: Kagan G L , Shorin V. A. , Velsovskij A. Y.
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the negative impact of heaving soil during freezing of a road structure, including heaving formation. The provisions of normative methodology for testing the road structure for frost resistance are considered. The results of indirect and laboratory tests for determining the soil group by the degree of heaving are analyzed. The validity of influence of natural factors on frost heaving is considered. Proposals for improving the normative methodology are put forward.
Testing of a road structure for frost resistance using the curve of frost heaving intensity
Authors: Kagan G L , Shorin V. A. , Velsovskij A. Y.
Published: April 2020

The article considers the main provisions of the regulatory methodology for estimation the frost resistance of a road structure. The technique for determining the degree of soil heaving is assessed taking into that the standard for its determination was issued in 1990. The intensity of frost heaving and its curve are being discussed. The characteristic curve of frost heaving intensity is substantiated in relation to road structures. The possibility of its plotting according to laboratory tests is being considered. A new method for testing of a road structure for frost resistance is proposed, the essence of which is illustrated by an example.
Simulation of Salix Harvesting and Processing Technology Using Soft Containers
Authors: Karpachev Sergey P.
Published: April 2020

In recent years, the world agriculture business has developed the technology of growing fast-growing willow - salix. Salix is a renewable energy resource that is profitable to grow by farmers for their own needs. The economic feasibility of growing salix as a biofuel largely depends on the technology of its harvesting and processing. This article proposes a technological scheme for harvesting and processing salix into fuel wood chips using a tractor-mounted mower-chipper and soft containers (CT), which allows reducing the downtime of the mower-chipper compared to traditional technology using hopper trailer for transporting wood chips (TT). The effectiveness of the CT was evaluated by comparison with the TT. The analysis of efficiency was carried out by results of simulation experiments on mathematical models. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the total time for harvesting and processing salix into chips, including the transportation of chips to the storage site, the CT has no advantages over the TT. The advantages of CT are in reducing investment costs and minimizing downtime of the mower-chipper.
Distinct features of adaptive and productive potential of prospective pear varieties
Authors: Rezviakova Svetlana , Gurin Aleksandr , Revin Nikolai
Published: April 2020

The goal of the research is to identify the most productive and environmentally sustainable varieties of pear in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region of Russia. The research was carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Oryol Oblast on leached black earth. The average humus content in the arable layer was 6.0–6.5%, phosphorus – 21–27 mg/100g, potassium – 12–15 mg/100 g. Soil acidity was 5.7–6.1. The thickness of the humus horizon was 40–75 cm. The degree of saturation of the bases was within 91%. Climate in the region is moderate-continental, heat is sufficient for the normal growth and development of fruit plants. The trees were planted in 2004; the scheme of planting was 6x4 m. The stock was seedlings of common pear. Accounting was conducted using the “Program and method of studying fruit, berry and nut crop varieties” (Oryol, 1999). The varieties Pamiati Yakovleva and Annushka are characterized by a restrained growth force – 3.5–3.8 m. In the natural climatic conditions of the Oryol Oblast, the Annushka and Velesa varieties are considered hardy, the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya and Svetlyanka – medium-hardy. Varieties Annushka and Velesa are quite resistant to the pathogens of scab, brown and white spotting – the average score for damage to fruits and leaves did not exceed 1.5. On average, for 3 years the yield of the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya pear variety was at the level of the zoned control variety Pamiati Yakovleva. Yields were 112.2 and 108.3 centners per hectare, respectively. The yield of the Annushka variety was 7.5 centners per hectare, or 6.7% higher than that of the control variety.
Systems of two immiscible liquids for a new type of membraneless fuel cells using renewable fuel
Authors: Tarantseva K.R. , Yakhkind M.I. , Mishra A.K. , Marynova M.A. , Polyanskova E.A. , Goryacheva A.A.
Published: April 2020

Systems of two immiscible liquids are proposed for a new type of membraneless fuel cells using renewable fuel, in which the stationary phase boundary carries out a role of membrane. These systems consist of water, alcohol (preferable ethanol) and a number of electrolytes (salts and bases) leading to the layering of aqueous alcohol. In such systems top phase has significant alcohol content and insignificant electrolyte content, bottom phase has significant electrolyte content and insignificant alcohol content. To study the layering conditions in these systems, binodal curves were plotted for three two-phase liquid systems (EtOH + K2CO3 + H2O; EtOH + K3PO4 + H2O, EtOH + KOH + H2O), using the cloud point method. Comparison of our experimental data with the results of other authors showed that they are consistent for the first and second systems, and the temperature dependence of the binodal curves is clearly visible for the third system. The specific system EtOH – 30 % m/m; KOH – 40 % m/m; H2O – 30 % m/m was taken as the basis for studies of fuel cells based on two immiscible liquids. A further area of research lies in the field of optimizing the composition of both phases, studying the processes of mass transfer in these systems and their physicochemical characteristics.
Farming and agricultural consumers’ cooperative: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nosov Vladimir , Zhenzhebir Vyacheslav , Nurgaziev Ruslan , Sleptsova Liudmila , Eryushev Michail
Published: April 2020

The article presents the analysis of the development of peasant farm enterprises and agricultural consumers’ cooperatives as possible forms of farmers unification with the purpose of processing and selling their products. Over the past years, the number of peasant farm enterprises has decreased by 35%. The use of linear correlation coefficient has led to the conclusion that the number of peasant farm enterprises has little impact on the number of formed agricultural consumers’ cooperatives from the perspective of the federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The study of the correlation between PFE and APC shows a different picture: the correlation is more visible there. In the article we reveal the causes holding the development of farming and agricultural consumers’ cooperative, and propose activities that should help to increase the number of peasant farm enterprises and agricultural consumers’ cooperatives.
Study of electromotive force of a new type of membraneless fuel cell operating on renewable fuel
Authors: Tarantseva K. R. , Yakhkind M. I. , Korosteleva A. V. , Krasnaya E. G. , Parfenova E. A. , Kurochkina O .G.
Published: April 2020

The possibility of using base metals and alloys based on them as electrodes for a new type of membraneless fuel cells operating on renewable fuel has been investigated. The phase boundary of two immiscible liquids in the ethanol-water-potassium hydroxide system plays a role of a membrane in these elements. Top phase of this fuel cell has significant alcohol content and insignificant electrolyte content, bottom phase has significant electrolyte content and insignificant alcohol content. Platinum- and ruthenium-coated titanium electrode, carbon electrode and stainless steel electrode were used as the anode. Stainless steel electrode and carbon steel electrode were used as the cathode. The possibility of using ferrous alloys as anode and cathode catalysts in this type of fuel cells is shown.
Factors of early embryo mortality incidence in dairy cows
Authors: Bolgov Anatoly , Lepesheva Irina , Grishina Natalia
Published: April 2020

Early embryo mortality (EEM) is considered to be one of the causes of dairy cows’ productivity reduction. The aim of the research was to study the factors of EEM expansion and the ways to its minimization in order to determine the possibilities of maintaining cows’ productivity. About 4 thousand Ayrshire cows were studied. EEM was registered in 21.7% cows. Low level of EEM was observed in first lactating cows (12.1%), the highest level (27.3%) was registered in old cows (seven lactations and more). Cows with higher productivity are more susceptible to this abnormality: 12.3% of cows with 4500 kg and less of milk yield and 26.5% of cows with milk yield of over 7000 kg. Less cases of embryo mortality are registered during spring and summer seasons of calving (12.0-16.3%) in comparison with autumn and winter ones (19.1-25.7). EEM is observed 1.7 times more in case of deficient feeding than in case of full feeding. Frequency of EEM varied from 5.6 to 44.4% in daughters of different bulls. It is possible to reduce the level of EEM in dairy cows by implementing complex measures of disease prevention and optimization of paratypic, physiological and hereditary factors.
The role of quality standards for chemical products existing on the markets of the European Union in development of innovative entrepreneurship
Authors: Starodubova Anna , Misbakhova Chulpan , Gareeva Nailya
Published: April 2020

The article studies the method of assessment of the impact of standards on the results of the industry: innovation, product quality, generation of waste, level of “Green Economy” and foreign trade. The approbation which has been carried out for chemical products from 26 countries of the EU in 2018 (based on the cluster analysis is given in the study). It has been concluded that the high level of coverage of standards stimulates innovation of recycling. The level of foreign trade, and the generation of waste occur regardless of the level of coverage of the standards. The high speed of implementation of the standard ensures the high level of “Green Economy”. The more permanent policy of standards ensures high quality of products. Germany is the benchmark for the high level of influence of standards on the results in the chemical industry. For the rest counties of the EU, the potential of standards is not fully disclosed for reasons of insufficient coverage of standards or a large volume of waste. This assessment allows finding the benchmark of the country for study of the positive impact of standards and it helps to identify the successful strategies of standards for achieving high results in the industry.
Kinetics of structure formation of a composite mortar with nano-additives based on aluminium
Authors: Efremova S.Yu. , Panfilova M.I. , Zubrev N.I. , Novoselova O.V.
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the possibility of using aluminum-containing nano-additives as structure modifiers of composite mortar in order to ensure safety and durability of rubble foundation. Higher injection efficiency can be achieved by integrating the composite mortar into the foundation body. The temporal evolution of structure formation in composite mortar with various contents of boehmite and aluminosilicate nanotubes (ANT) was studied. The optimal concentrations of additives were determined at which the rate of structure formation reaches its maximum. It was revealed that ANT additives accelerate the hardening time of the composite mortar by 1.3 times in comparison with boehmite additives. The greatest impact on accelerating the structure formation in the initial period is achieved by adding 0.125% aluminosilicate tubes to the mass of cement. It was found that in this case, the duration of flowability loss of the composite mortar is reduced by a factor of three compared with that of the control sample.
Agrotechnical methods ofreducing root rot for cultivating spring wheat in organic farming
Authors: Razina Alfia
Published: April 2020

Energy-saving technologies of wheat cultivation limit the buffer role of the agrotechnical method in reducing the spread of root rot. This situation calls for using increased volumes of pesticides in order to decrease harvest losses arising from actions of harmful organisms, which does not allow to produce organic food.Considering this, evaluation of the efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivating spring wheat aimed at enhancing phytosanitary conditions of crops is very important. The goal of our work was to evaluate the role of predecessors, methods of soil preparation,organic fertilizers, new varieties of spring wheat, and the timing of planting in limiting the spread and reducing the harmfulness of root rot. Our study has been conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. We have established that green manure in crop rotationandfallow arable land with introduction of 30 t/ha of organic manure fertilizer with a disc harrow to a depth of 10–12 cmreduce the spread and severity of root rot and increase wheat yields. In the plantings of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka, the spread of the disease was reliably less,and the yield was higher compared to the control variety Tulunskaya 11. The optimal planting date for the average of two years was May 25, the crops planted then compared to those planted on May 30 were 9.4% less affected by the disease and gave a reliable increase in the harvest of 0.15 tons/ha. Our studies have shown that during production of organic wheat we can limit the spread andharmfulness of root rot withagrotechnical methods.
Identification of carotenoid pigments of pumpkin grown in the South of Russia
Authors: Rodionova Lyudmila , Sobol Irina , Donchenko Lyudmila , Limareva Natalia
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of studies of changes in the vitamin composition of pumpkin, grown in the Kuban region. Standard and modern methods of physical and chemical analysis were used in the research. It is shown that the nutritional value of this raw material allows to maintain its nutritional value for a long time. Differential determination of carotenoid pigments contained in pumpkin fruits was carried out. The quantitative characteristics of carotenoids were established and the predominant carotenoid pigments for the studied pumpkin varieties were specified.
The safety study of the fat component in adapted infant formula
Authors: Volf Ekaterina Yu. , Simakova Inna V. , Perkel Roman L. , Mukhamedzhanova Yuliya V. , Bolotova Nina V.
Published: April 2020

The growth and harmonious development of an infant depends on nutrition provided by natural or artificial feeding. Accordingly the adaptation of the composition of adapted infant formula to the composition of human milk is carried out with all major nutrients. The fat component is one of the key components of an infant’s diet and its’ important aspects are biological effectiveness and safety which changes during processing, storage, transportation and subsequent storage after opening the package. Data on pathological changes in the body with consumption of oxidized fats are known. The aim of the paper is to study some indicators of safety and quality of the fat component of adapted infant formula provided by various manufacturers. As the objects of study we selected one of the most popular adapted infant formula in Russia (in various price categories) under the code names: “IS” (Denmark), “IM”, “IN”, “IL” (Russian Federation), “IX “(Germany). It was found that the quality composition of the fat component of dry infant formula corresponds to the one indicated on the package. However, no one of the test samples according to the averaged composition of the prevailing fatty acids, is fully identical to human milk. The normative documentation of the Customs Union (TR TS 021/2011, TP TS 024/2011, TP TS 033/2013) only regulates organoleptic analysis of the quality indicators of adapted infant formula and from the safety parameters, only finding the peroxide value, which characterizes the accumulation of primary fat oxidation products. It was found that the peroxide numbers of the studied infant formula do not exceed the regulated values. At the same time almost all milk nutrition made from dry infant formula has unsatisfactory organoleptic characteristics. Defects of taste and aroma can be associated with the accumulation of a significant amount of secondary products of fat oxidation, aldehydes particularly in the adapted infant formula. These conclusions are confirmed by the results of determination of the anisidine number in the adapted infant formula, as well as by the accumulation of 0.3-1.0% of highly polar compounds insoluble in petroleum ether (CIPE) and 25-3 mmol/kg of epoxides which lead to decrease of white blood cells and a change in blood formula at a biological animal test. The data obtained indicate the need for assessment of the technology for the production, packaging and storage of adapted infant formula as well as the feasibility of amending the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and in the future, the regulatory documents of the Customs Union with the aim of further monitoring the safety of the fat component of adapted infant formula.
Agroecological efficiency of biomodified mineral fertilizers
Authors: Efremova S. Yu. , Kulikova I. V. , Sukhova N. V.
Published: April 2020

To improve the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in order to reduce the loss of nutrients from the soil, research was conducted. The results presented in the article show the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers with the application of a biological preparation to the granules. The influence of the method of applying a biological preparation based on Bacillus subtilis H – 13 on urea granules was evaluated. The influence of bio mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of nitrogen accumulation by wheat plants is established. The results obtained are the scientific basis for the use of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis H - 13 as an effective strain for expanding the range of mineral fertilizers by creating bio modified forms and subsequent use in agricultural technologies.
Adsorption of CO2 by synthetic zeolites
Authors: Ferella Francesco , Innocenzi Valentina , Ippolito Nicold M. , De Michelis Ida
Published: April 2020

The paper reports on a possible way to recycle fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCCs), widely used in oil refining operations. This research proposes a novel approach that leads to a near zero-waste process. The spent FCCC was leached by 1.5 mol/L of HNO3, HCl and H2SO4 solutions at 80°C, for 3 h with a solid to liquid ratio of 20 %wt/vol. The leaching yields for cerium and lanthanum were in the range 69-82 %. The solid residues from the leaching stage were used as base material for the synthesis of the zeolites by means of a combined thermal-hydrothermal treatment. The characterization of the zeolites demonstrated that the Na-A phase was predominant over the Na-X phase. The zeolites were tested as sorbent material for CO2 separation from CH4, in order to simulate the upgrading of biogas to biomethane. The maximum adsorption rate of CO2 was 0.778 mol CO2/kg of zeolite at 3 bar, with a resulting CH4 recovery of 62 % and purity of 97 %vol. The zeolites synthesized from spent FCCC represent a feasible solution to recover such industrial waste.
Use of Steel Industry By-products in Sustainable Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Çubukçuoğlu Beste
Published: April 2020

The concept of sustainability has been growing for many years. In parallel to this popularity, the use of sustainable materials in the construction industry has increased significantly. Sustainable construction materials should be proposed and introduced to the construction industry, mostly as a replacement for cement. Cement is one of the most commonly used construction materials, which produces very high carbon emissions. As the most widely used building material in the world, concrete is predominantly comprised of cement. Therefore, sustainable alternative constituents to cement are required. This study focuses on alternative materials to cement and additionally, alternative materials to naturally available aggregates. The physical, chemical characteristics and mineralogical properties of the proposed materials are investigated and the results are demonstrated in this research study. The findings highlight the environmental and economic potential of replacing cement and other binding materials with steel slag.