bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmanlı’da Dil ve Edebiyat, Mahya Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2018
Authors: GÖKSEL Ayşegül
Published: September 2022

Osmanlı, üç kıtaya yayılan geniş bir coğrafyada hüküm sürmüş, birbirinden farklı dil, din ve millet mozaiğine sahip bir devlettir. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı kültür ve uygarlığının anlaşılabilmesi için insana ve yaşama dair pek çok hususiyeti bünyesinde barındıran bu kudretli medeniyetin dil ve edebiyatla olan bağlantısının bütüncül bakışla ve çok yönlü olarak incelenmesi gerekir.
OSAMER tarafından hazırlanan “Osmanlı’da Dil ve Edebiyat” isimli eserin editörleri Bayram Ali Kaya ve Feyza Betül Kaya’dır. Şık bir tasarımına sahip olan kitap kapağında yer alan minyatür örneği, eserin başlığı ile uyum içerisindedir. 208 sayfadan oluşan çok yazarlı olarak yapılandırılan eserde Sunuş, Osmanlı’da Dil ve Edebiyat’a Medhal, 13 bölüm ile bir dizin yer almaktadır.
Community Participation in The Successful Community Empowerment Program (Prodamas) In Ngronggo Village Kediri City
Authors: Tamrin M. Husni , Fatimah Salma Syenita Nur , Wahyuni Sri
Published: September 2022

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Community Empowerment Program (Prodamas), forms of community participation and also the role of the government in increasing community participation in Ngronggo Village. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach and uses data collection techniques through interviews with several informants who are considered to be able to provide clear information regarding the effectiveness of Prodamas in Ngronggo Village, Kediri City. In addition to interviews, data collection techniques are also in the form of observation, documentation and triangulation. The results of this study indicate that Prodamas has been running in accordance with the regulations of the City of Kediri and community participation is a very influential factor in the success of the Community Empowerment Program
Planning in the Village Development Process Based on the Village Law in Ganggangpanjang Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Laili Khusnur
Published: September 2022

This research aims to find out and describe the planning in the process of building a village in GanggangPanjang Village. This research method includes qualitative research, with primary and secondary data collection techniques. Primary data were obtained from observations, interviews and documentation in the GanggangPanjang Village environment with key informants and information. Resource persons in this study were the Secretary of GanggangPanjang Village, Chairman of RW.01 GanggangPanjang Village and the community of GanggangPanjang Village. The results showed that the planning undertaken by the Ganggngpanjang Village Government in developing its village required a number of them: basic information, planning documents.
Sifat Tanah dan Produksi Kopi Liberika pada Ketebalan Gambut yang Berbeda di Jambi
Authors: Ferry Yulius , Hafif Bariot , Sasmita Kurnia Dewi
Published: September 2022

Ketebalan gambut bervariasi sesuai dengan umur serta jaraknya dari aliran sungai. Ketebalan gambut sangat berhubungan dengan kandungan unsur hara, daya beban lahan, dan kedalaman aras air sehingga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat tanah gambut, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kopi liberika pada beberapa ketebalan gambut. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Mekar Jaya Kecamatan Betara Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi. Penelitian dirancang sesuai dengan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu ketebalan: (T1) <50 cm, (T2) 50-75 cm, (T3) 76-100 cm, dan (T4) 101-125 cm,  dengan jumlah ulangan 6 kali dan ukuran plot 2 x 5 pohon (10 pohon) (90 m2). Pengamatan meliputi laju subsiden, sifat kimia tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang/tanaman, lilit batang, lebar tajuk, jumlah dompol buah/cabang, jumlah buah/dompol, jumlah buah/tanaman, dan bobot 100 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ketebalan 101-125 cm memiliki tingkat subsiden yang paling tinggi (4,3 cm/tahun) dan pH paling rendah (3,49). Pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi Liberika terbaik dicapai pada gambut dengan ketebalan 51-75 cm dengan produksinya mencapai 1195,4 buah/pohon/tahun atau 1,37 ton biji/ha/tahun Pada ketebalan 101-125 cm, pertumbuhan vegetatif terhambat dan produksinya paling rendah yaitu sebesar 602,1 buah/pohon/tahun atau 0,56 ton biji/ha/tahun.
PRESERVATION AND HOST PREFERENCES OF LATE FRASNIAN (LATE DEVONIAN) SKELETOBIONTS IN THE APPALACHIAN FORELAND BASIN, USA
Authors: KERR JAMES P. , PIER JALEIGH Q. , BRISSON SARAH K. , BEARD J. ANDREW , BUSH ANDREW M.
Published: September 2022

Skeletobionts, organisms that attach to or bore into the skeleton of a host, provide a useful system to observe biological interactions over geological timescales. We examined skeletobionts on brachiopod hosts from a stratigraphic section in western New York State that spanned the Lower Kellwasser and Upper Kellwasser events, the two pulses of the Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction. The fossils are largely preserved as molds, and even endoskeletobiont borings are often visible with minimal preparation. At least seven major groups of skeletobiont are present including microconchids, stenolaemate and ctenostome bryozoans, hederelloids, and various borings attributed to sponges. The total frequency of skeletobiosis declined significantly across the first extinction pulse (Lower Kellwasser Event), and relative abundance patterns shifted, although the biotic and/or abiotic drivers of these changes require further study. Multivariable logistic regression indicates that large host body size was a strong and consistent predictor of skeletobiosis. Endoskeletobionts were more common in coarser lithologies, reflecting either an ecological preference for sands over muds or a bias against preservation in mudstones. Endoskeletobionts were also more common on ribbed/costate host shells.
THE OCCURRENCE OF BONE MODIFICATION FEATURES IN THE CARAPACE AND PLASTRON OF THE EXTANT RED-EARED SLIDER TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS (WIED-NEUWIED, 1839): IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF FOSSIL TURTLE ASSEMBLAGES
Authors: ZONNEVELD JOHN-PAUL , BARTELS WILLIAM S.
Published: September 2022

The carapace and plastron bones of fossil turtles are often characterized by bone modification features such as pits, grooves, and holes. The significance, origin, and frequency of these features remains unclear because they have not been described from the bones of modern turtles. Taxon-specific description and analyses of defleshed turtle shell is essential for assessing the paleoecological significance of bone modification features. This study focuses on bone modification features on carapace and plastron bones of the emydid turtle Trachemys scripta elegans. Four subadult and 14 adult turtle shells were examined for non-ontogenetic features such as pits, grooves, holes, wounds, abrasions, and pathological growth structures. Bone modification features were lacking on subadult specimens but observed on each adult. Shallow, circular to subcircular pits (similar to the ichnotaxon Karethraichnus lakkos), and to a lesser extent pit clusters, are the most common feature noted on T. scripta elegans shells. Although they occur on both the plastron and the carapace, they proved far more common on the lower shell. Sparsely distributed ring-shaped grooves similar to the ichnotaxon Thatchtelithichnus holmani were present on approximately half of the turtle plastra studied. Amorphous surface etching was observed on several turtles, most commonly near the plastron midline (posterior portion of the hyoplastron/anterior portion of the hypoplastron). Pathological responses to these marks are lacking, but were noted on two turtles in response to sustained injuries. The occurrence of circular and subcircular pits, pit clusters, and ring traces on the external surface of every adult turtle analyzed in this study (regardless of sex or geographical occurrence), their discrete size and shape, and the lack of evidence of a systemic pathological response by the host suggests parasites, possibly leeches, as the etiological agent responsible for these features.
Multiomics analysis couples mRNA turnover and translational control of glutamine metabolism to the differentiation of the activated CD4+ T cell
Authors: Matheson Louise , Petkau Georg , Sáenz-Narciso Beatriz , D’Angeli Vanessa , McHugh Jessica , Newman Rebecca , Munford Haydn , West James , Chakraborty Krishnendu , Roberts Jennie , Łukasiak Sebastian , Díaz-Muñoz Manuel , Bell Sarah , Dimeloe Sarah , Turner Martin
Published: September 2022

The ZFP36 family of RNA-binding proteins acts post-transcriptionally to repress translation and promote RNA decay. Studies of genes and pathways regulated by the ZFP36 family in CD4+ T cells have focussed largely on cytokines, but their impact on metabolic reprogramming and differentiation is unclear. Using CD4+ T cells lacking Zfp36 and Zfp36l1, we combined the quantification of mRNA transcription, stability, abundance and translation with crosslinking immunoprecipitation and metabolic profiling to determine how they regulate T cell metabolism and differentiation. We discovered that ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 act directly to limit the expression of genes driving anabolic processes by two distinct routes: by targeting transcription factors and by targeting transcripts encoding rate-limiting enzymes. These enzymes span numerous metabolic pathways including glycolysis, one-carbon metabolism and glutaminolysis. Direct binding and repression of transcripts encoding glutamine transporter SLC38A2 correlated with increased cellular glutamine content in ZFP36/ZFP36L1-deficient T cells. The RBPs limited conversion to αKG by repressing Gls (encoding glutaminase) and Glud1 (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase). We identified ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as well as glutamine and αKG as limiting factors for the acquisition of the cytotoxic CD4+ T cell fate. Our data reveal roles for ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 in limiting glutamine anaplerosis and differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells, mediated by direct binding to transcripts of critical genes that drive these processes.
The Effects of the Coronavirus Disease Pandemicon Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Dalian, China
Authors: Pan Xin , Ma Shubei , Sui Xiaowen , Xie Lili , Li Furong , Cheng Zhengping , Cui Li , Zhao Hongling
Published: September 2022

Objective: We investigated the influence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the number of patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy (ITT) in Dalian, China, in 2020.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study examined 13 stroke emergency map-participating hospitals in Dalian from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020. In this “stroke emergency map” of China, patients follow the official WeChat “Stroke Map” account and dial 120 for emergency medical services. We analyzed the number of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent ITT. In particular, we examined the onset-to-door time, door-to-needle time (DNT), onset-to-needle time, modes of transportation to the hospital, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores before and after ITT. Data were collected for the aforementioned period and compared with the 2021 baseline data from the same period. The Mann‒Whitney U test was performed for data analysis.
Results: Compared with the data from 2020, the number of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent ITT increased (from 739 to 1719 cases) in 2021, as did the DNT (from 59 to 45 minutes; P=0.002). Moreover, 83.9% of patients presented to the hospital without ambulance transport versus 81.1% of patients in the 2021 non-COVID-19 pandemic period. Patients with NIHSS scores of 6-14 were more likely to call an ambulance for transport to the hospital than to self-admit to the emergency department.
Conclusions: During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the DNT increased owing to increased surveillance of fever. Furthermore, the number of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent ITT also increased in 2021. However, these increases benefited from both the “stroke emergency map” of China and the “green channel,” a novel treatment approach that focuses on the rational design of the rescue process.
The tropical Atlantic as a negative feedback on ENSO
Authors: RICHTER INGO , KOSAKA YU , KIDO SHOICHIRO , TOKINAGA HIROKI
Published: September 2022

The influence of the tropical Atlantic on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined using dedicated climate model experiments with sea-surface temperature (SST) restoring. Partial SST restoring to climatology in the tropical Atlantic leads to slower decay of ENSO events and to a shift of the power spectrum to longer periods. Perfect model hindcast experiments with and without restoring tropical Atlantic SST to climatology indicate that both the northern tropical and equatorial Atlantic have a very small influence on ENSO development. During decaying ENSO events, on the other hand, northern tropical Atlantic SST anomalies strongly accelerate the decay. Key to the Atlantic influence on ENSO decay are Atlantic SST anomalies just north of the equator (~ 5N). These lead to local convection anomalies that change the Walker circulation so as to accelerate ENSO decay. Importantly, anomalous events in either the northern tropical or equatorial Atlantic fail to develop in the hindcast ensemble mean, when tropical Pacific SSTs are restored to climatology. This indicates that anomalous tropical Atlantic events in boreal spring and summer are strongly dependent on preceding ENSO events in boreal winter. Thus, the role of the tropical Atlantic is to mediate a negative feedback of ENSO on itself. Despite this passive role of the tropical Atlantic in the Pacific-Atlantic interaction, accurate simulation of the Atlantic feedback should play some role in ENSO prediction. Further model experiments will be required to evaluate model dependence of these findings and to quantify the impact of the Atlantic on ENSO prediction skill.
Predictor factors of root canal treatment quality in undergraduate dental clinics: a two-centered cross-sectional study
Authors: Jardine Alexander Pompermayer , Scarparo Roberta Kchenborger , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo , Zajkowski Lucieli , Kopper Patricia Maria Poli
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of root canal treatments (RCT) with satisfactory technical quality (TQ) and to determine the pre- and intraoperative factors associated with an unsatisfactory TQ of RCT conducted by undergraduate students.
Material and Methods: This two-centred cross-sectional observational study included periapical radiographs of primary and secondary RCT conducted by undergraduate students at two dental schools (n=462). The TQ of RCT was determined using the ESE criteria, accepting (ASE) or not accepting (NSE) unintentional sealer extrusion. A calibrated examiner analysed pre- and intraoperative variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify associations between independent variables and technical outcomes (α=5%).
Results: The TQ of RCT was satisfactory in 45.9% and 62.3% of the cases according to NSE and ASE criteria. Root canal curvature (RCC) (OR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98) and apical root resorption (OR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94) were associated with unsatisfactory TQ according to NSE, but only RCC (OR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97) affected outcomes according to the ASE criterion. Teeth with a RCC greater than 7º and 12º according to NSE and ASE criteria, respectively, were less likely to achieve a satisfactory TQ.
Conclusions: The prevalence of RCT with a satisfactory TQ was comparable to that found in other dental schools and greater when sealer extrusion was accepted. A 12º RCC cutoff point seems to be satisfactory for undergraduate practice. Clinical Relevance: To accept unintentional sealer extrusion increased RCT satisfactory TQ. RCC was the main factor associated with unsatisfactory TQ and might support technical difficulty determination.
Metabolomics-based study of potential biomarkers of sepsis
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Chenglin , Chen Muhu
Published: September 2022

Objective
The purpose of our study was to explore potential characteristic biomarkers in patients with sepsis.
Methods
Peripheral blood specimens from sepsis patients and normal human volunteers were processed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis. Outlier data were excluded by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) using the metabolomics R software package metaX and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/home.xhtml) online analysis software, and differential metabolite counts were identifitied by using volcano and heatmaps. The obtained differential metabolites were combined with KEGG (Kyoto Gene and Kyoto Encyclopedia) analysis to screen out potential core differential metabolites, and ROC curves were drawn to analyze the changes in serum metabolites in sepsis patients and to explore the potential value of the metabolites in the diagnosis of sepsis patients.
Results
By metabolomic analysis, nine differential metabolites were screened for their significance in guiding the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sepsis namely: 3-phenyl lactic acid, N-phenylacetylglutamine, phenylethylamine, traumatin, xanthine, methyl jasmonate, indole, l-tryptophan and 1107116.
Conclusion
our study was based on metabolomics-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect trends in blood species differential metabolites in sepsis patients; nine metabolites in serum could be used as potential characteristic biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis patients.
Prophylactic Effect of Ivermectin on SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease in a Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Uematsu Takayuki , Takano Tomomi , Matsui Hidehito , Kobayashi Noritada , Hanaki Hideaki
Published: September 2022

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is currently among the most important public health concerns worldwide. Although several effective vaccines have been developed, there is an urgent clinical need for effective pharmaceutical treatments for treatment of COVID-19. Ivermectin, a chemical derivative of avermectin produced byStreptomyces avermitilis, is a macrocyclic lactone with antiparasitic activity. Recent studies have shown that ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replicationin vitro. In the present study, we investigated thein vivoeffects of ivermectin in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of the present study demonstrate oral administration of ivermectin prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters was associated with decreased weight loss and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the administration of ivermectin reduced pulmonary viral titers and mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The administration of ivermectin rapidly induced the production of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the late stage of viral infection. Zinc concentrations leading to immune quiescence were also significantly higher in the lungs of ivermectin-treated hamsters compared to controls. These results indicate that ivermectin may have efficacy in reducing the development and severity of COVID-19 by affecting host immunity in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dynamic Assessment and System Dynamics Simulation of Safety Risk in Whole Life Cycle of Coal Mine
Authors: Zhu Yanna , Li Cheng , Li Lirong , Yang Ke , Yang Yanqun , Zhang Guisheng
Published: September 2022

Based on the accident causation theory, the mechanism and inducement of construction safety risk in mining enterprises are clarified. The safety risk system of mining enterprises is divided into five subsystems : personnel, material equipment, technology, environment and management by rough set theory. The comprehensive weight of each risk factor is calculated by network analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking a mine in Shanxi Province as the research object, the causal traceability diagram and flow stock diagram of the risk system of mining enterprises are constructed by means of system dynamics model. The influence of various risk factors of the mine on the overall safety risk management level of the enterprise is simulated, and the numerical value of key technology influence factors is adjusted. The sensitivity changes of safety productivity and safety risk management level of mining enterprises in different situations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The management and personnel subsystem has the greatest impact on the safety risk management of mining enterprises, followed by the technology, material equipment and environment subsystem. (2) Increasing safety input can improve the safety level and reduce the expected safety value time, otherwise it will reduce the safety level and delay the expected safety value time. (3) Further simulation of the technical subsystem, it is found that the factors affecting the safety level of mining enterprises are construction survey and monitoring, support structure, construction design, mining scheme and engineering technology application. (4) The conversion rate of safety technology input to engineering technology application and construction exploration and monitoring shows a “W” type development trend of decline-rise-slow decline-slow rise, mainly because the benefits of safety input have certain time delay and lag.
Sliding mode controller with fuzzy supervisor for MPPT of Photovoltaic Pumping system
Authors: Hamdi Taleb , Elleuch Khaled , ABID Hafedh , Toumi Ahmed
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on a photovoltaic system for pumping water since the use of photovoltaic energy has grown quickly due to its direct obtainability without pollution or noise. This paper proposes a new MPPT controller based on Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy supervisors and a sliding mode controller. The first generate the maximum power point current under varying climatic condition whereas, the second allows tracking the reference signal produced by the fuzzy supervisor. The system includes a photovoltaic (PV) generator followed by a DC-DC Converter, DC bus, an AC/DC inverter which is connected to the induction motor. This later is coupled to a centrifuge pump. The induction motor is driven based on field oriented control strategy. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) type fuzzy supervisors predicts, depending on the variations of climatic variables such as irradiation and temperature, the optimum operating point for the photovoltaic source. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in transient and stationary regimes for different values ​​of climatic variables.
Three cycles of recurrent selection in four Spanish landraces of maize
Authors: Ordás Amando , Ordás Bernardo
Published: September 2022

Landraces of maize have a variability not found in the elite hybrids due to the bottleneck during selection. There is a renewed interest for using that variability, incorporating alleles for specific traits or widen the general variability of elite germplasm. In Europe, there is also an interest in the direct use of local landraces by farmer’s associations seeking for an agriculture that preserves crops diversity. Prebreeding programs are aimed to reduce the yield gap among landraces and improved materials. This paper shows the initial results of a prebreeding program consisting of three cycles of S₁ recurrent selection for grain yield in four local landraces from Northwestern Spain. All the populations had consistent yield gain in the first cycle of selection. However, the response in later cycles was different among the populations: one population had a continuous increase of 21% per cycle while two had reduced yield in the last cycles. Our results highlight the need to include secondary traits to avoid unintentional indirect effects. We conclude that, in prebreeding programs, it could be worthy to use large effective numbers to prevent inbreeding depression, particularly when the objective is the direct use of improved landraces. Another conclusion is that recurrent selection does not seem to be as efficient on European germplasm as it is on Corn Belt varieties. Finally, to obtain valuable new germplasm requires a sustained, long-term effort.
Concomitant Procedures During Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement
Authors: Du Comb William , Levy Jason , Alam Ridwan , Burnett Arthur L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Objectives: There is substantial literature demonstrating minimal to no increased risk of 3-piece penile prosthesis (PP) complications for patients undergoing PP placement with concomitant reconstructive urologic procedures. However, there is a paucity of research investigating outcomes for patients suffering from erectile dysfuncton(ED) who undergo concomitant non-reconstructive urologic procedures at the time of PP placement.

Methods: A retrospective IRB-approved (IRB00205900) review of patients undergoing PP placement at Johns Hopkins from January 2007-July 2021 was conducted. We identified 330 patients who underwent PP placement and a second urologic procedure during this time. Of the 330 identified, 48 had a non-reconstructive urologic procedure done concurrently. A control group involving 127 patients (with etiology of ED from previous prostatectomy) who underwent PP placement after 2015 with no concomitant procedure was utilized.

Results: Concomitant procedure type was divided into: endoscopic n=24 (53.3%), penile n=9 (20.0%), scrotal n=10 (22.2%), neuromodulation n=1 (2.2%), and oncologic n=1 (2.2%). Median age and body mass index (BMI); while, overall infection and erosion rates were low between both cohorts (Table 1). Patients in the concomitant group were generally unhealthier with 49.7% having more than 2 co-morbidities vs only 37.2% in the control p=0.03.
Device infections were similar between the two groups: control n=2 (1.6%) vs concomitant n=1 (2.2%); though, not statistically significant p=0.78. Device erosions were also similar: control n=4(3.2%) vs concomitant n=2(4.4%); again, not statistically significant p=0.68. Patients who underwent future revision similar were also similar: control n=13(10.2%) vs. concomitant n=6 (13.3%) p=0.50.

Conclusions: To date, this retrospective analysis demonstrates the largest cohort of patients undergoing non-reconstructive urologic procedures at the time of PP placement. Our results demonstrate that concomitant (non-reconstructive) procedures do not increase the likelihood of prosthetic adverse events, regardless of concomitant procedure type.
Vessel density changes in Choroid, Chorio-capillaries , Deep & Superficial retinal plexues on OCTA in normal ageing & various stages of Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Narnaware Shilpi H. , Bansal Anju , Bawankule Prashant K. , Raje Dhananjay , Chakraborty Moumita
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To study vessel density (VD) on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) at choroid, chorio-capillaries (CC) & various retinal levels in normal population & various stages of dry AMD & how these changes progress with increase in severity of the disease.
Methods: Prospective, observational , cross-sectional study done on 252 eyes of 132 patients presenting to tertiary care centre in Central India between February 2021 to January 2022. For study purpose, eyes were divided into 5 groups according to the size and number of the drusen, viz, Group 1: No AMD (<50 years) , Group 2: No AMD ( > 50 years) , Group 3 : Early AMD and Group 4 : Intermediate AMD & Group 5 : Advanced AMD. In all eyes , VD was measured at choroid , CC, Deep capillary plexus (DCP) of retina & superficial capillary plexus (SCP) of retina.
Results: There were total 61 males & 71 females in the study . The mean age in case cohort is 61.90 ± 7.97 years with 52 (51.48%) males and 49 (48.51%) females. At choroidal level, the mean vascular density differed significantly across diagnosis types in all the quadrants (p < 0.05). Similar was the observation at CC & DCP level. At SCP level, except in central quadrant, the differences for remaining quadrants were significant across the groups. At SCP & DCP increase in VD is seen in early AMD cohort compared to No AMD (> 50 years) cohort, which showed continuous reduction later in intermediate & advanced AMD cohort.
Conclusion: With increase in the severity of disease, significant reduction in VD is also seen in retinal plexuses, along with the changes in choroid & CC. These VD maps may play a role as non-invasive biomarkers for healthy & diseased aging.
An insight into cancer palaeobiology: Does the Mesozoic neoplasm support Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis?
Authors: Surmik Dawid , Słowiak-Morkovina Justyna , Szczygielski Tomasz , Kamaszewski Maciej , Kalita Sudipta , Teschner Elżbieta , Dróżdż Dawid , Duda Piotr , Rothschild Bruce , Konietzko-Meier Dorota
Published: September 2022

Neoplasms are common across the animal kingdom and seem to be a feature plesiomorphic for metazoans, related with an increase in somatic complexity. The fossil record of cancer complements our knowledge of the origin of neoplasms and vulnerability of various vertebrate taxa. Here, we document the first undoubted record of primary malignant bone tumour in a Mesozoic non-amniote. The diagnosed osteosarcoma developed in the vertebral intercentrum of a temnospondyl amphibian, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Krasiejów locality, southern Poland. A wide array of data collected from gross anatomy and microstructure of the affected intercentrum reveals the tumour growth dynamics and pathophysiological aspects of the neoplasm formation on the histological level. The neoplastic bone mimics on the structural level the fast growing fibrolamellar bone, but on the histological level develops through a novel ossification type. The physiological process of bone remodelling inside the endochondral domain continued uninterrupted across the pathology of the periosteal part. Based on the results, we discuss our case study’s consistence with the Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis, which locates the causes of neoplastic transformations in disorders of tissue architecture.
Three-dimensional assessment of the maxillary and mandibular donor sites on cone-beam computed tomography images using Mimics software
Authors: Diarjani Seyed Moein , Motevasseli Safa , Kajan Zahra Dalili
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To assess the maxillary and mandibular donor sites on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using Mimics software.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 CBCT scans. Data in DICOM format were transferred to Mimics software version 21, and a maxillary and a mandibular mask according to cortical and cancellous bones were virtually created for each patient based on Hounsfield units (HUs). Three-dimensional models were reconstructed, boundaries were defined for donor sites including mandibular symphysis, ramus, and coronoid process, zygomatic buttress, and maxillary tuberosity, and virtual osteotomy was conducted on the 3D models to harvest bone. The volume, thickness, width, and length of harvestable bone from each site were quantified by the software. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05).
Results
The greatest difference in harvestable bone volume and length was observed between ramus and tuberosity (P < 0.001). The maximum and minimum harvestable bone volumes were found in symphysis (1753.54 mm3) and tuberosity (84.99 mm3). The greatest difference in width and thickness was noted between the coronoid process and tuberosity (P < 0.001), and symphysis and buttress (P < 0.001), respectively. Harvestable bone volume from tuberosity, length, width and volume from symphysis, and volume and thickness from the coronoid process were significantly greater in males (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The harvestable bone volume was the highest in symphysis followed by ramus, coronoid, buttress, and tuberosity. The harvestable bone length and width was the highest in symphysis and coronoid process, respectively. Maximum harvestable bone thickness was found in symphysis.
Carbon footprint (kg CO2e) expended in the aquaculture: Assessment of concrete pond rainbow trout farming from Türkiye
Authors: Diken Gürkan
Published: September 2022

The carbon footprint (CF) of animal production systems can estimate their standings against global protein demand. Turkey is the top rainbow trout producer in Europe, but surprisingly little is known about the CF of the production. This study aimed to evaluate the CF expended of concrete pond rainbow trout (CPRT) farming. The data were obtained from a farm with an annual project production capacity of 350 tonnes (APC) over a three-year production (TPY) with different harvest amounts. Total CF expended was the summation of CF expended on compound diets, general management, transportation and machinery, equipment, and construction. The total CF expended was calculated at 1.78 and 1.67 kg CO2e(equivalent) on average for TYP and APC, respectively. The TYP average values of CF expended per kg of protein deposited in harvested fish and CF expended per Mcal of cultural energy expended during production were 10.66 and 0.36 kg CO2e, respectively. The CF expended per 100 kcal food energy in harvested fish was calculated at 0.1263 and 0.1173 kg CO2eon average for TYP and APC, respectively. Aquafeed production and transportation are the important CF expended sources in CPRT. Future studies on CF expended of aquaculture farms must be species-specific and culture-specific.
Waste Activated Sludge Oxidation and Azo Dye Reduction in Microbial Fuel Cell: Optimization of process conditions for high electricity generation and waste treatability
Authors: PİŞKİN Elif DURNA , NevimGENÇ Nevim
Published: September 2022

In microbial fuel cells (MFC), oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously. In this study, the operating conditions affecting oxidation-reduction and electricity generation of MFC were optimized using the Taguchi Experimental Design model. Optimization was carried out for maximum power density, coulombic efficiency, azo dye removal and COD removal. With the determined optimum conditions (cathode pH of 3.0, cathode oxygen status of anaerobic, anode substrate of pre-treated, external resistance of 100 Ω, cathode electrode type of plain carbon, cathode electrode surface of 22 cm2, cathode conductivity of 20 µs/cm), 177.031 mW/m2power density, 7.50% coulombic efficiency, 91.266% azo dye removal efficiency and 21.612% COD removal efficiency were obtained. From the Pareto analysis, it was determined that the power density, coulombic efficiency and COD removal efficiency were most affected by the substrate type at the anode, and the azo dye removal was most affected by the catholyte pH. With the polarization curve, it has been determined that the maximum power density is 145.11 mW/m2and the internal resistance of the optimum MFC system is 243.3 Ω. The cyclic voltammogram performed with the optimum experiment was associated with oxidation and reduction reactions.
A dispersion equation of Rayleigh-type waves in transversely isotropic nonlocalmagneto-electro-elastic solids half-space
Authors: Xuan Tung Do
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to present the dispersion equation of Rayleigh-type waves in transversely isotropic nonlocal magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) half-space. First, the characteristic equation in nonlocal MEE halfs-pace are derived from the constitutive equations and the form solution. Then, the dispersion equation which surface wave speed satisfies is derived from the free traction condition on the surface of half-space with consideration of electrically and magnetically short/open circuit conditions. Finally, based on the obtained dispersion equation, the influence of boundary conditions are investigated in this paper. Moreover, the dependence of velocities of plane waves on the direction of propagation as well as nonlocality parameter has been also illustrated.
Synaptic Plasticity Conveyed by the Intracellular Domain of Major Histocompatibility Class-I Proteins
Authors: Lazarczyk Maciej J. , Eyford Brett A. , Varghese Merina , Arora Hitesh , Munro Lonna , Warda Tahia , Pfeifer Cheryl G. , Sowa Allison , Dickstein Daniel R. , Rumbell Timothy , Jefferies Wilfred , Dickstein Dara
Published: September 2022

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins are expressed in neurons, where they regulate synaptic plasticity. However, the mechanisms by which MHC-I functions in the CNS remains unknown. Here we describe the first structural analysis of MHC-I, to resolve underlying mechanisms that explains its function. We demonstrate that Y321F mutation of the conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine-based endocytosis motif YXXΦ in MHC-I affects spine density and synaptic structure without affecting neuronal complexity. Furthermore, the impact of the Y321F substitution phenocopies the MHC-I null animals, demonstrating that reverse, outside-in signalling events sensing the external environment is the major mechanism that conveys this information to the neuron and this has an essential role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity.
Autofluorophores Assessed by Hyperspectral Microscopy Indicate Perturbation and Transplant Viability in Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Walters Stacey N. , Habibalahi Abbas , Mahbib Saabah B. , Anwer Ayad G. , Grey Shane T. , Goldys Ewa M .
Published: September 2022

Background
Islets prepared for transplantation into type 1 diabetes patients are exposed to compromising factors that contribute to early graft failure necessitating repeated islet infusions for clinical insulin independence. Lack of reliable pre-transplant measures to determine islet viability severely limits the success of islet transplantation. We imaged cell autofluorophores using hyperspectral microscopy to characterise loss of viability in islets and define a non-invasive methodology for predicting transplant outcomes in mice.
Methods
Islet viability was compromised by exposure to oxidative stress (menadione), hypoxia (dimethyloxalylglycine), cytokine injury (TNF-α, IFNγ, and IL-1β), or warm ischemia (30- and 60-minute delayed pancreas collection). The impact of islet encapsulation in a conformal coating of hydrogen-bonded poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)/ tannic acid (PVPON/TA) multilayer film was investigated. LED illumination produced excitation at 358 to 476 ± 5 nm in 18 steps, emission was detected using filters at 414, 451, 575, 594, and 675 ± 20 nm. Syngeneic (C57BL/6Ausb) mice with diabetes (alloxan tetrahydrate) were used to test viability on transplantation. Discriminative analysis and unsupervised principal component analysis were used to differentiate groups. Unmixing of spectral signals to identify component fluorophores was carried out using the unsupervised algorithm Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA).
Findings:
The autofluorophores NAD(P)H, flavins, collagen-I and cytochrome-C were successfully unmixed. Redox ratio (NAD(P)H/flavins) was significantly increased in islets exposed to ROS, hypoxia, cytokine injury and warm ischemia, typically driven by elevated NAD(P)H. Receiver operating characteristic assessment showed that our models were able to detect; oxidative stress (ROS) (AUC = 1.00) hypoxia (AUC = 0.69), cytokine exposure (AUC = 0.94), or warm ischemia (AUC = 0.94) compared to islets harvested from pristine anesthetised heart beating mouse donors. Significantly, we defined an unsupervised autofluorescent score for ischemic islets that accurately predicted restoration of glucose control in diabetic recipients. Similar results were obtained for islet single cell suspensions, suggesting translational utility in the context of emerging beta cell replacement strategies.
Conclusions
Hyperspectral microscopy of autofluorescence has the potential to give a non-invasive indication of islet viability, prior to transplantation. This would inform clinical decision making and enable patients to be spared transplantation attempts with no potential to reduce their dependence on exogenous insulin.
Preparation of fractured nanoquartz: surface features and cell membrane damage
Authors: Bellomo Chiara , Pavan Cristina , Fiore Gianluca , Escolano-Casado Guillermo , Mino Lorenzo , Turci Francesco
Published: September 2022

Occupational exposure to quartz dust is associated with fatal diseases. Quartz dusts generated by mechanical fracturing are characterized by a broad range of micrometric to nanometric particles. The contribution of this nanometric fraction to the overall toxicity of quartz is still largely unexplored, primarily because of the strong electrostatic adhesion forces that prevent isolation of the nano-fraction. Furthermore, fractured silica dust exhibits special surface features, namely Nearly Free Silanols (NFS), which impart membranolytic activity to quartz. Nanoquartz can be synthetized via bottom-up methods, but the surface chemistry of those crystals strongly differs from nanoparticles resulting from fracturing. We report here a top-down milling procedure to obtain a nanometric quartz that shares with fractured quartz the key surface properties relevant to toxicity. Ball milling was optimized by coupling dry and wet milling steps, using water as a dispersing agent, and varying milling times and rotational speeds. Nanoquartz with a strong tendency to form submicrometric agglomerates was obtained. Deagglomeration with surfactants or simulated body fluids was negligible. Partial lattice amorphization and bimodal crystallite domain size were observed. A moderate membranolytic activity, which correlated with the amount of NFS, signaled coherence with previous toxicological data. Membranolytic nanoquartz for toxicological investigations was obtained.
Comparison of Several Rapid Methods of Juice Extraction in Soluble Solids Determination in Tomato
Authors: Davis D. W. , Stoner A. K.
Published: September 2022

In genetic studies and in practical improvement programs for soluble solids in tomatoes, large plant populations and several readings on individual plants or lines are often desired. Although comminuting whole fruit or representative fruit portions in a blender prior to straining through cheesecloth is a satisfactory and widely used method for sampling, a simple, rapid procedure that could be used in the field would hasten the rapid screening of genetic material.
Accelerated Flowering of Bulbous Iris after Exposure to Ethylene
Authors: Stuart Neil W. , Asen Sam , Gould Charles J.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene hastens the ripening of fruits and is sometimes considered to be a ripening hormone (1). It also can regulate the flowering of bromeliads (2) as well as hasten deterioration of certain cut flowers (3). We are reporting accelerated flowering of bulbous iris after treating the bulbs with ethylene.
Microtome Cryostat Applications for Horticultural Research1
Authors: Simons Roy K.
Published: September 2022

The frozen section cryostat technique has been found to be of value in the preparation of many plant parts in horticultural research. This report includes those pocedures which can be readily adapted for horticultural studies, as differentiated from those that will need more experimentation. Some techniques are described that have proven successful with various tvpes of plant structures and textures studied in horticultural research programs.
A Low Cost, Small Plot, Bean Thresher
Authors: Stevens M. A. , Frazier W. A.
Published: September 2022

Threshing of large numbers of seed samples encountered in bean breeding programs has been a difficult problem to solve satisfactorily. In many cases, threshing has been done by hand with the aid of a small blower. Actual seed recovery is relatively efficient but it is painfully slow and tedious. With this method one person can normally thresh 10 to 15 small samples per hour.
Effects of Potassium on Peel Thickness and Juiciness of Lemon Fruits
Authors: Embleton T. W. , Jones W. W.
Published: September 2022

An increase in the K level in orange and grapefruit trees generally increases the thickness of the peel and reduces the percentage of juice in the fruit. Data presented in this report show that an increase in K in the lemon tree has the opposite effect as that which occurs in the orange and grapefruit tree. An increase in the level in lemon trees resulted in thinner peels and in a higher percentage of juice in the fruit.
Arsenic Toxicity in the Lowbush Blueberry
Authors: Anastasia Frank B. , Kender Walter J.
Published: September 2022

Calcium arsenate has been used to control the maggot in the lowbush blueberry fields of Maine since the late 1920's (6). The ability of arsenic to accumulate in the soil from repeated use to crops is known and has been reported by various researchers (1, 2, 3).
The Possibility of Wind Pollination in Pear
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Stephen W. P. , Cordy C. B.
Published: September 2022

Recently, Stephen (1) found that pear pollen was carried at least ¾ mile by wind. He was able to collect appreciable amounts of such pollen on glycerine-treated slides placed at various heights and distances from pear trees. Fully seeded Anjou pears were found scattered throughout solid-block plantings, particularly in the border rows and in the tops of trees. Some of the data were difficult to explain on the basis of known bee-flight patterns, inasmuch as the varieties tested are self-sterile.
Research Responsibilities in Horticulture1
Authors: Oberle George D.
Published: September 2022

In the closing days of December of 1941, I made my first visit to Dallas when the American Association for Advancement of Science held its annual meeting here. One part of those meetings left an impression with me that has remained clearly defined during the twenty-three years that have passed since then. I heard an address prepared and presented by the late Edwin C. Miller, Professor of Plant Physiology at Kansas State University and one of the really great teachers I have known. Dr. Miller’s address was entitled, “Forty Years of Plant Physiology. Some General Impressions.” I am taking the liberty of borrowing from Dr. Miller’s address a few ideas that impressed me very strongly not only in 1941 but also today.
Pomological Aspects of Mechanizing Tree Fruit Harvesting
Authors: Claypool L. L.
Published: September 2022

In no other single operation in fruit production is so much labor cost involved as in harvesting. The harvest cost of sweet cherries for brining may equal two-thirds of the value of the cherries delivered to the brining plant, whereas it may be only 10-15% of the harvested value of Bartlett pears for canning, but even this is a sizable item. For centuries some control of harvesting costs has been accomplished by manipulation of tree size and shape. In recent years this approach has received additional impetus by the use of dwarfing rootstocks and new systems of training.
Effect of Storage and Stage of Flower Development on Viability of Pepper Pollen
Authors: Dempsey A. H.
Published: September 2022

This experiment was initiated to obtain information on short term storage of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) pollen and to determine the effect of pollen maturity on fruit-set and seed production in peppers. Storage of pepper pollen for approximately 30 days is often desired in breeding and improvement programs for this crop. Hirose (4) concluded that differences in bud pollinations among pepper, eggplant, and tomato were due to differences in viability of their pollen. Erwin (3) reported that periods of both anthesis and dehiscence were relatively short for several varieties of pepper. Pollen longevity in general increases with decreasing temperature and decreasing humidity. Pal and Singh (6) reported that the longevity of eggplant pollen under open conditions in India was 1 day in summer and 3 days in winter. Natural cross-pollination in peppers was reported by Markus (5) to occur mainly between the hours of 7 and 11 in the morning.