bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On freedom of religion and belief in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Khaidarova Muatar
Published: December 2018

Over the past 25 years in Tajikistan, attitudes toward religion and the right to freedom of conscience have changed from time to time - from a liberal attitude to this issue to a rather rigid administrative control. Currently, 99.4% of the population in Tajikistan are Muslims, represented mainly by Sunni Hanafi sense (96.6%) and Shi'ism of the Ismaili trend (2.8%). Only 0.6% of the population of Tajikistan refers to Christianity and other religions, or are atheists.
The situation of freedom of religion and belief in the South Caucasus
Authors: Kobaidze Shorena
Published: December 2018

Attitude towards freedom of religion and belief, tolerance and the concept of multiculturalism, as well as generally towards the protection of the rights of national, ethnic and religious minorities, remains extremely difficult in the South Caucasus region. Despite the declared strong tradition of public religious tolerance, the attitude of government agencies and institutions to religious freedom has worsened in both Azerbaijan and Georgia over the past few years. If in Azerbaijan the authorities in recent years continued to impose fines for violating the repressive law on religion of 2009, adopting new restrictions and further aggravating the general atmosphere, in Georgia since the establishment of the new state agency on religions in 2014, there are no effective mechanisms for resolving minority issues have not been taken.
The evolution of the powers of the central authorities of Ukraine in the implementation of state policy in the field of religion
Authors: Vladychenko Larysa
Published: December 2018

After the proclamation of independence in Ukraine, the state body for religious affairs is retained. Its existence was provided for by Article 30 of the Law of Ukraine “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations”, adopted on April 23, 1991, i.e. back in Soviet times.
Overview of religious freedom in Ukraine, including Crimea
Authors: Vasin Maksym
Published: December 2018

In Ukraine, believers of all faiths can exercise freedom of religion to a sufficient degree. Despite the fact that the Law of Ukraine “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” has not been substantially revised since 1991 and needs to be improved in the context of social transformations, favorable conditions for the development and annual growth of the number and diversity of religious organizations have been formed on its basis.
Violations of the freedom of conscience in the Donbass
Authors: Ismagilov Said
Published: December 2018

After part of the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions in 2014 came under the control of separatist entities supported by the Russian Federation, the situation with respect for human rights and freedoms, including the right to freedom of conscience, became much more complicated. First of all, it can be noted that the beginning of repressions on a religious basis laid a wide and intensive use of religious rhetoric in mobilizing supporters of “L / DPR”, in connection with which believers of confessions and denominations considered harmful by Orthodox fundamentalists were systematic persecution and spontaneous acts of aggression.
BINTU SYATI’ DAN PENAFSIRANNYA TERHADAP SURAH AL-‘ASR DALAM KITAB AT-TAFSIR AL-BAYANI LIL QUR’ANIL KARIM
Authors: Ramadhani Wali
Published: December 2018

This article discusses about the biography of Bintu Syati’ and her bayani interpretation. Her Interpretation work titled at-Tafsir al-Bayani lil Quranil Karim is the best representation of the methodology of the Quran interpretation with a literary nuance initiated by her own husband, Amin al-Khuli. The author, in this article, also describes the application of Bayani interpretation method in QS al-‘As}r.
Languages law in view of teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language
Authors: Cuong Le Khac
Published: December 2018

While teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language, teachers often face many questions of foreign students about Vietnamese. In addition, these questions are not easy to answer because of the complexity in terms of science. Many other questions are difficult to answer because of the absence of regulations in terms of Language Law in Vietnam. A few years ago, the issue of language law and language legislation has been raised. This paper mentioned only the difficulties in teaching Vietnamese to foreigners due to lack of strict regulations.
Authentication of Digital Image using Exif Metadata and Decoding Properties
Authors: Gangwar D. P. , Pathania Anju
Published: December 2018

This work presents a robust analysis of digital images to detect the modifications/ morphing/ editing signs by using the image’s exif metadata, thumbnail, camera traces, image markers, Huffman codec and Markers, Compression signatures etc. properties. The details of the whole methodology and findings are described in the present work. The main advantage of the methodology is that the whole analysis has been done by using software/tools which are easily available in open sources.
Consultative congresses of the rolling stock and traction engineers: activity оf L. M. Levi
Authors: Berdnychenko Yu. , Kyrychenko H.
Published: December 2018

An up-to-date task of modern historical science is a comprehensive study of prominent personalities having made a significant contribution to the formation and development of world science. The article is devoted to the analysis and systematized generalization of a set of scientific facts that objectively characterize various aspects of the activities of outstanding railroad engineer Liudwih Mavrykiiovych Levi in the consultative congresses of the rolling stock department engineers. In the history of science and technology, L.M Levi is known as a prominent locomotive designer, who almost all his life devoted to the development and improvement of locomotives. While preparing this paper chronological, typological, comparative methods of historical knowledge, as well as the classification and systematization of historical sources and bibliographic material which allowed to systematize and critically evaluate the used sources have been applied. Using these methods we highlighted the main point in the current state of studying the topic and the results of other researchers, characterized previous works on this problem and clearly singled out issues not having been sufficiently studied yet. The sources analysis made it possible to give an objective appraisal of the contribution made by L. Levi during his participation in the consultative congress of rolling stock and traction engineers. His role in solving the problems on implementing the “Compound system” on steam engines has been shown. Further development and improvement of which became possible only with the introduction of steam. There was an increase in traction force of locomotives and rolling stock of freight trains. It was found that thanks to the personal contribution of L. M. Levi to the unification of parts for different types of rolling stock, water supply and signaling devices, there was a reduction in the operating costs of railways. This was achieved thanks to the mass production of spare parts, as well as individual locomotives and wagons with the help of specially adapted workshops. The study of transport science through the biography of a scientist, is an integral part of a complex of diverse knowledge, involves the use of a systematic approach as a methodological means of scientific knowledge. It opens up the possibility to combine the structure and content of empirical tools from one point of view with theoretical ideas and requires the consideration of controversial views on the inheritance of national railway scientists and L.M. Levi in particular.
History and general characteristics of the journal “Engineering Matters”
Authors: Hurinchuk S.
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes and summarizes the objectivity of reasons and prerequisites for a scientific-technical journal’s appearing on the territory of Transcaucasia at the beginning of the XXth century. Having studied a vast range of scientific materials the author has all the grounds to assert that the beginning of the XX th century demanded the appearance of a qualitatively new journal, which would keep a close watch on the national and foreign technique development and would promote implementing of new technical ideas in engineering and construction matters as well as participate in training of engineering technical talents, and primarily serve the progress in the field of national engineering. Applying the method of historical and scientific analysis in the article it is highlighted that the journal Engineering has focused constructive, creative, and organizational efforts on uniting around the editorial board the best creative forces. At various times, the editors of the journal were outstanding Russian scientists and engineers who, developing the problems of the country's technical development, sought to combine scientific and technical achievements of that society with achievements in the field of railway engineering and structural mechanics, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the journal and constantly strengthened ties with readers. It is noted that taken as a whole, the materials of the journal “Engineering Matters” vividly reflect the state of Russian and world science and technology of that time, tell us about the actual contribution of scientists, technicians, engineers and practitioners to the treasury of world science, make a decisive step towards bringing science to solving problems of industrialization of the national economy, develop a number of problems of capital industrial and transport construction, mechanization of mining operations, problems of improving the quality of industrial products. It has been proved that the creation of technical periodicals of the Caucasus branch of the Russian Technical Society was dictated by the requirements of Transcaucasia which acutely needed a quick and competent solution of technological challenges in upbringing scientific and technical staff.
Personalities of domestic aircraft construction: Gindin Gilil Peisakhovich
Authors: Kryvokon O.
Published: December 2018

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the biography and creativity of Gilil Pesakhovich Gindin (1923 – 1998), the designer in the field of domestic aircraft engineering, a specialist in the development of the aircraft wing. In the national history of science and technology, in particular in the aircraft engineering industry, there is almost no information about the biographies, design, technical, engineering or other achievements of those people who under the guidance of O.K. Antonov, created the world-famous domestic transport aircraft. For various reasons, the vast majority of those who directly develop and create airplanes remain in the shadow of the names of general designers - top managers. Therefore, we decided to devote a number of publications to research and description of the domestic aircraft industry personalities. On the basis of personal documents, interview materials of colleagues, contemporaries and information kindly provided by Gilil Peisakhovich’s son, the life path and facts characterizing Gindin G.P. professional achievements during his work at the enterprise, both under the guidance of O.K. Antonov, and afterwards are reproduced. Namely, data on the exploits of G. P. Gindin during the Great Patriotic War are presented, and a list of his military awards is given. Gilil Peisakhovich’s career path is described from a rank-and-file worker, a designer in the wing department to the brigade chief and the head of the KV-22 department. The main design achievements and innovative developments of Gindin G.P. are briefly described. In particular, the fact that with his direct participation the pressed panels of the wing with a length of 28 meters with one ending for the AN-124 "Ruslan" were developed, designed and worked out in production, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as a wing, which passed the entire stage of life tests without a single remark and breakdown. For the first time, some little-known data on the activities of the wing department and other features of the creation of the world-famous AN-124 "Ruslan" aircraft are published. In addition, the memoirs of contemporaries about personal, organizational, managerial and business qualities of a famous aircraft manufacturer are given. The publication concluded that Gilil Peisakhovich Gindin undoubtedly made a significant contribution to the development of the domestic aircraft industry, in particular in the field of designing, developing and improving the wing and its mechanization.
The development of Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences named after S. P. Тymoshenko (1941-1968)
Authors: Kryukov M. , Liashko O.
Published: December 2018

The chronological sequence of the main stages of the development of Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences named after S.P. Тymoshenko and process of its scientific directions formation during 1941-1968 are depicted in this article. The data of the structure and trends of the institute activities, theoretical and experimental researches, relations with industry and personnel training are represented. At the end of 1968 at Institute of mechanics the following departments functioned: a rheology (H.M. Savin), thermoelasticity and thermoрlasticity (A.D. Kovalenko), loudspeakers and stability of continuous environments (O. M. Huz), construction mechanics of thin-walled designs (I. Ya. Amiro), pilot studies of designs (P.S. Polyakov), plastic deformations in designs (A.I. Strelbytska), plasticity of materials (M.I. Cherniak), computing methods (Ya.M. Hryhorenko), theory of fluctuations (V.O. Kononenko), hydroelasticity (M.O. Kilchevskyi), physics and technology (S.V. Malashenko), experimental methods of a research of fluctuations (M.P. Hotyaintsev), mechanics of composite environments (H.A. Vanin), methods of calculations and designing of products from composite materials (O.A. Horoshko), modeling of designs from composite materials (V.Р. Besonov), a research of properties of new materials (I.I. Ishchenko), static durability (F.P. Beliankin), fatigue of designs (M.E. Harf), dynamics and firmness of the movement (A.N. Holubentsev). Over time reorganization and merges of some subsections was carried out. Scientific activity of institute was directed to development of fundamental research of mechanics of the solid deformed body and the general mechanics which have applied value, and participation in the solution of practical tasks. At the same time works were conducted at such main scientific directions: in the field of basic scientific research (the mechanic (statics, dynamics and stability) of elements of designs and materials at complex (power, thermal electromagnetic, etc.) influences; analytical mechanics, nonlinear fluctuations of systems of bodies and multiphase environments) in the field of applied research works (development of methods of calculations and means of a research of objects of the new equipment, development of methods of designing and creation of skilled products from high-strength composite materials, development of methods and technical means of program tests for fatigue of materials and natural elements of designs taking into account features of their operation. The powerful kernel of the Kyiv school of mechanics which concentrated and developed the activity at Institute of mechanics is created.
A scientist in the field of electrical engineering - Professor V.L. Benin (on the 100th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Lavrinenko V.
Published: December 2018

The work is devoted to the study of life, scientific, methodological and educational activities of the professor of the Kharkov Polytechnic Institute Volodymyr Lvovych Benin. In preparing the article, historical and biographical methods were applied, in order to gradually review the stages of life and evaluate the results of a scientist's activity. Нistoriographical analysis of publications V.L. Benin in the context of the dynamics of his scientific work also was made.The analysis of sources and the used archival materials made it possible to objectively evaluate the contribution of the scientist to the development of the industry of automatic regulation, control and statistical power conversion of large power plants, the creation of new measurement circuits and devices while regulating the rotation speed of hydroelectric turbines. It is shown that in the first post-war years his work under the direction of Professor A.L. Matvieiev in the Kharkov electrical laboratory, which at that time was a part of the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, was of great importance for the restoration of the country's energy potential and led to a few technological developments in the energy industry. The result of this work was the defense of V.L. Benin's dissertation under the guidance of an outstanding scientist and innovator S. О. Lebediev. The further scientific activities of V.L. Benin is already in KPI, first of all, as an associate professor of the department of power stations, and then as the head of several important topics and developments in the field of diagnostics and control of diesel generator sets, already at the stage of working on a doctoral dissertation. The talent of V.L. Benin as a teacher and leader, on the example of his students and colleagues, who continued their research, started under his leadership. In the status of the head of the department of theoretical framework of electrical engineering, ethodical and pedagogical contribution of Volodymyr Lvovych in the development and formation of basic discipline for all electrical specialties KhPI was reviewed. His many years of teaching experience allowed him to gradually develop this course, improve certain chapter, supplement individual tasks and expand the laboratory practice of the department. It has also been established that thanks to the many years of hard work by V.L. Benin as a part of the scientific and methodical commission of the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR, since 1975, the department of TFEE of KPI has become the main department of the Kharkov University Center of theoretical electrical engineering
Historiography and source base development of metrological support in Ukraine (ХХ – beginning of ХХІ centuries)
Authors: Lyashuga I.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the determination of the state of scientific elaboration of the problem of forming the system of metrological support in Ukraine during the 20th century - the beginning of the XXI century. The system of metrological support is scientific and organizational bases in combination with technical means, norms and rules is an effective means of achieving the necessary accuracy and quality of measurements in all spheres. During the ХХ century a network of research institutes in the field of metrology has been formed in Ukraine and a number of standards have been created. The most fruitful for the development of the reference base was the period of 1991 – the beginning of the XXI century. Despite a certain amount of scientific literature on metrology and metrological support, the process of deploying research and development of metrology in Ukraine during the ХХ century – beginning of the XXI century not received proper coverage in the historical literature. A classification of the main directions of research problems by subject-thematic basis. It is proved that the first chronological stage of historiography of the selected problem (1900 – the beginning of the twentieth century) was characterized by a small amount of scientific literature on the history of the formation and development of metrological support in Ukraine. The second stage, which began at the turn of 1917 – 1991, was observed a revival of interest in publications on the history of metrology, but the overwhelming majority of them are developments of an anniversary character. At three at the stage (after 1991), scientific works appeared directly devoted to the development of metrological support and the formation of a technical regulation system and the creation of standards in Ukraine. The initial bases of the problem under study are analyzed, the classification of attracted sources is carried out, their information potential is determined. As a result of processing a number of sources from the central and regional archives of Ukraine, a historical reconstruction of the formation of the system of the metrological service of Ukraine during 1901 – 1991 was carried out. As a result of the analysis of the well-known and little-known works of metrologists, museum collections, the article highlights the problem of creating a unique national reference Base Ukraine at the end of the ХХ – beginning of ХХІ centuries. The involvement of the current paperwork of the scientific departments of the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, educational institutions, patent statistical information made it possible to more accurately clarify the reorganization processes that occurred in the context of globalization of the world economy in the sphere of standardization and conformity assessment and integration of Ukraine into the world economy. A number of personal documents are brought to the source base, namely: autobiography, memoirs, correspondence, interview materials.
Historical analysis of the influence of S. Yu. Witte on the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire
Authors: Pylypchuk O. , Strelko O.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the activity of Serhii Yuliyovych Witte (Vitte) (1849-1915) – an outstanding statesperson and reformer. The authors make an analysis and evaluation of the activity of S.Yu. Witte focused on the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire in general and of his activity on the post of Minister of Ways of Communication, in particular. The carried studies allowed the authors to systematize and critically assess the sources describing the impact of S.Yu. Witte for the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire, as well as to depict the stages of life and professional activity of S.Yu. Witte in this direction. The authors prove that the main achievements of S.Yu. Witte to develop rail transport in the Russian Empire should be considered the following: the purchase of private railways and the concentration of the main railways network in the hands of the state; the construction of new railways on public funds; the transformation of the railway industry into a stable, profitable one; the settlement and further development of customs and tariff systems; the beginning of the construction of the Great Siberian Route. The article traces the main achievements of S.Yu. Witte as the Minister of Ways Communication of the Russian Empire. In the article it is shown that as a result of the step-by-step introducing of railway control and financial reform, which lasted for a decade, S.Yu. Witte managed to create an effective system of control over the public and private sectors of railways. The scope of the influence of S.Yu. Witte for the economic and political development of the Russian Empire is determined. The literary sources analysis suggests that S.Yu. Witte's policy was subordinated to the sole goal of: the industrialization of the state, the successful development of the economy of the Russian Empire, without affecting the political system, without changing anything in the state administration of the country. The analysis allowed the authors to state that it was S.Yu. Witte who attained coordinated and clear actions of the two most important departments of the Russian Empire – the Ministry of Ways of Communication and the Ministry of Finance – since they were the most interested in the construction of rail transport. Only through the coordination of the activities of these governmental structures, attained by S.Yu. Witte, it became possible to overcome the unprofitability of rail transport, which ultimately helped to stabilize the financial situation of the Russian Empire in general.
Manufacturing tracked vehicles at the Kharkov Tractor Plant (mid-twentieth – beginning of the twenty-first century)
Authors: Pisarskaya N.
Published: December 2018

The Kharkov Tractor Plant was and remains the leading center of tractor construction in Ukraine. An important activity of this enterprise was the release of tracked vehicles for both the national economy and military needs. For more than half a century, the plant developed unique tracked vehicles, which were constantly improved thanks to the fruitful activities of the design bureau of the enterprise and individual inventors. This applies not only to civilian tracked vehicles, but also military equipment. It is noted that the creation of tracked vehicles equipment on the territory of Kharkov began before the emergence of the Kharkov tractor plant, but this enterprise played a significant role in the manufacture of this type of machines. During the studied period there was a gradual evolution of samples of tracked vehicles equipment, its continuous improvement made it possible to reach a sufficiently high level of production. In order to improve detailed analysis tracked vehicles process analysis and comparison of different models of machines. This made it possible to reveal how the technical indicators changed and to trace the gradual evolution of this type of machines. In preparing the work, a method of comparative analysis and systematization of available information on the manufacture of tracked vehicles at the Kharkov Tractor Plant was used. The influence of individual designers and inventors on the development and improvement of models of tracked vehicles was also noted. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of engines used for both types of tracked vehicles, as well as the continuous improvement of agricultural crop tractors. Analysis of some types of engines it possible to investigate what kind engines were more suitable for use in tracked vehicles. It was specified that in order to separate the design and production of equipment for military purposes from agricultural tractors, two separate design bureaus were created. This has allowed to focus on the features of each type of technology.
Architectural structures of lighthouses of Ukraine: from ancient times up to present
Authors: Romenska O.
Published: December 2018

In the article the author considers peculiarities of structural arrangements of lighthouses in Ukraine since times of the first lighthouse to appear on the territory of Ukraine till present, traces when and how they have been improved and which innovations have been implemented. During the research the author used methods of historicism, chronological sequence of giving the material. The author considers scientist-engineers’ key achievements in building lighthouses in different periods. Special emphasis is laid on key historical events that lead to the development or decay of lighthouses designing. The author describes first lighthouses built by Cossacks, determines major conditions for lighthouses creation and functioning. Short description of all types of lighthouse structures, namely lighthouses made of stone, metal, wood and so on, is given in the article. First metal and ferroconcrete structures of lighthouses are considered in detail. Dr. Pots' tubular pile, one of the highest in Europe unique hyperboloid Stanislav-Adzhigolskiy lighthouses, designed by famous engineer V. Shukhov, Dzharilgach lattice lighthouse designed by G. Eiffel followers, and first in Ukraine ferroconcrete Ozharskiy lighthouse, designed by engineers K. Piatnytskyi and Baryshnikov, known also as designers of first funiculars in Ukraine are among them. These lighthouses became vivid examples of Ukrainian engineering and some of them are protected by the state. Key problems, designing engineers with while looking for the best structural shapes of lighthouses, as well as building materials for them are determined in the article. Great attention was paid to not only strength and stability of the structure under adverse weather conditions, but also to cost-efficiency, accessibility for delivery and mounting and durability of the structure. In addition to that, the author touches upon current problems and perspectives of lighthouses creation in Ukraine, taking into account achievements and miscounts of the past. At the current stage of lighthouses construction, important role has introduction of laser beacons to create laser lighthouses as well as equipping lighthouses with modern monitoring and controlling navigational equipment. Importance of issues related to operational readiness of navigational equipment and introduction of systems used for monitoring navigational situation as well as means of traffic handling are highlighted in the article.
Public and scientific-research activity of the professor V.Ye. Timonov
Authors: Soloviova L.
Published: December 2018

The article highlights the social, scientific, organizational and practical activities of Vsevolod Yevhenovych Timonov – a well-known railway engineer, hydraulic engineer, railway worker and constructor of ports and water routes. The knowledge and experience acquired by national scientists in the United States on the construction of canals and international forums were later successfully used in practical work in tsarist Russia V.Ie. Timonov and V.Ie. Lokhvytskyi participated in the reconstruction of a number of waterways of the country directly by the implementation while dredging works. The experience of foreign countries, primarily the United States, influenced the views of local hydraulic engineers. Massive remedial works, for example, on the Mississippi River, made it possible to increase its depth. That is why V.Ie. Timonov, who was well acquainted with such experience, became a strong supporter of the use of dredging technology on navigable rivers and theoretically proved the possibility and feasibility of using dredgers to provide the necessary depth for navigation. Thus, the foreign experience was directed by local engineers to the practical course of their activities. V.Ie. Timonov had an impeccable record. The diverse activities of the scientist testify the recognition of his authority in the scientific and administrative circles of the Ministry of Communications. Wherever he applied his knowledge and qualifications of an engineer, these were the most important areas of state policy in the field of water transport and hydraulic engineering. V.Ie. Timonov is the founder of the original direction in the construction industry, one of the founders of the doctrine of ports, the founder of the theory of the structure of hydraulic structures, the developer of the doctrine of port infrastructure and improvement of navigability of the great years, the historian of science and technology. Vsevolod Yevhenovych took one of the honorary places in the world of hydraulic engineering, water and partly rail transport. Established on the basis of his numerous and original works, as well as the works of his students, the patterns in the problems developed by him, made a significant contribution to the further development of hydraulic engineering, not only in our country, but also in the world. In the light of his original beliefs, he analyzed the previously accumulated scientific material and showed it in a new and correct coverage. His works, his ideas, theories and views revealed before the hydraulic engineering unprecedented opportunities previously available.
Academician Vsevolod Аrutiunovych Lazarian (1909‒1978) ‒ scientist, pedagogue, institutor of science and education (Celebrating 110 years since the birth)
Authors: Ustiak N.
Published: December 2018

This article depicts the main stages of life, research and scientific, scientifically-organizational, pedagogic and public activity of the outstanding national scholar in the area of mechanics and railway transport, National Ukrainian prize-winner, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine - Vsevolod Arutyunovich Lazarian. This article indicates that he is the author of more than 300 published works in the field of mechanics- monographs, articles, manuals, and more than 20 invention certificates and patents. The theoretical studies of transitional modes of trains of V. A. Lazarian has always been supported by experimental research in trains and staging in test laboratories for experiments on electronic models of rolling stock.The work of V. A. Lazarian is also essential for practice, in which transition modes of motion of complex mechanical systems are investigated, with elements in the form of capacities, which are partially filled with liquid. The results of studies of transitional modes of trains are described and summarized in the monograph V. A. Lazarian"Investigation of Unspecified Traffic Train Mode", as well as in a number of articles. The great importance to theory and practice had the creation of V. A. Lazarian the theory of stability of motion of rail vehicles. Relying on the results of fundamental research of O. M. Liapunov in the direction of stability of movement, V. A. Lazarian has developed and used a number of methods for studying the stability of the movement of rail carriages. These methods allowed not only to develop engineering methods for assessing the stages of stability of the existing types of rolling stock, but also to put and solve the problem of finding such parameters of vehicles, in which their motion is stable in a given range of speeds. And these studies were supported by well-established experiments. 1972-1973 years under the guidance of V.A. Lazarian tests of a high-speed wagon-lab were carried out, during which for the first time in the former USSR the speed of rail transport was reached 250 km/h. Parameters of the spring suspension of the tested wagon-lab were determined earlier by V.А. Lazarian and his students on the basis of the developed theory of the stability of movement of rail carriage. They were such that the carriage movement, as it turned out from the theory, proved to be stable throughout the range of speeds. There was also a series of special experiments in which a high-speed wagon-lab with some structural changes was used. The results of these experiments convincingly confirmed the main provisions of the theory.
Influence of the development of graphic techniques on art in Ukraine
Authors: Khramova-Baranova O. , Yakovets I.
Published: December 2018

The article reveals the importance of the development of graphic techniques as means of artistic and figurative expressiveness in art and design in Ukraine. The study examined some graphic techniques as a means of graphic expressiveness and analyzed the use of these techniques in order to use them in various types of design, as well as to uncover the creative potential of the artist, the graphic designer. It is worth noting that to date there is little research on this issue, and individual studies do not fully reflect the influence of graphic techniques on the development of visual art and design. The purpose of the research is the need to revive and popularize graphic techniques, effectively selecting them as means of graphic expression in art and design. The lack of knowledge of the formation and development of graphic techniques, their great importance and role in asserting the expressiveness of the artistic image determine the relevance of the topic. Analyzed the historiography of the problems and proved that the research of the formation and development of graphic techniques involved several scientists. A great contribution to the development of these issues was made by such specialists as A.A. Leshchinsky, V.A.Favorsky, M.Yu.Miroshina, N.N.Samoylova and others. The research methodology is based on the universal principles of scientific knowledge - historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as on the wide use of comparative historical, systemic methods. Graphics is a type of visual art that uses line, stroke and spot as the main graphic tools, and the compositional nature of the linear-graphic form depends on the material and technique of the performance. Depending on the method of implementation and the possibilities of replication, the graphics are divided into author's (original works of unique graphics), printmaking (types of artistic printing), and massively printed products. It can be argued that the graphics technology has undergone significant changes compared with the time of their formation. At the beginning of the XXI century, their technology becomes more complex and the texture of the print and the color scheme become more complicated. Today uses abstract, futuristic forms, the most inherent improvisational art. The development of graphic techniques in this direction provides bright creative solutions. Modern artists continue to search for new tools and techniques for enriching graphic techniques. Today, easel graphics is not a process of mechanical mass prints, it requires a live direct participation of the creator from the first to the last minute of the birth of the artwork.
Kharkiv period of activity professor P.F. Tushkan (1934-1942)
Authors: Volovodovska V.
Published: December 2018

The way of life and creative victories of P.F. Tushkan, his achievements in the field of formation and development of agrarian science in Ukraine are analyzed. Among them, the Kharkiv period occupies a special place during which the scientist worked as a senior researcher of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1934-1936), and in 1936 he was freelance to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Socialist Agriculture, where he worked on the scientific task «Drought and their impact on the crops of the Ukrainian SSR». He argued that taking measures to deal with drought is not necessary when it came, but in advance. According to research results P.F. Tushkan forms a publication, which, based on the recommendations of the Institute and the РCCLA of the Ukrainian SSR, was decided to publish after receiving expert reviews. After their getting, the book was revised, but the Institute was not able to print it. The treatment of Pavlo Fedorovych to the president of VASKHNIL, and later on May 24, 1940, to the Presidium of VUAN, in order to facilitate a review of the book and its publication, were not successful. Almost a year later, on August 20, 1941, the scientist appealed to the leadership of the Ukrainian Research Institute for Socialist Agriculture, with a request to publish his article «Agricultural drought and their study» and at the same time wrote a letter to the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and VASGNIL O.N. Sokolovskyi concerning the promotion of his long-term research work on the study of drought in the press. After studying the publication, Sokolovskyi gave a conclusion to P.F. Tushkan in which he noticed the importance and usefulness of publishing a book for specialists. In October 1941, the scientist appealed to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Socialist Agriculture with a desire to transfer the materials of his work on the study of droughts in the Ukrainian SSR, but as a result of the invasion of the German troops to Kharkov, the Institute did not have time to evacuate and their fate remained unknown. The health of Pavlo Fedorovich has deteriorated significantly owing to the exhaustion of malnutrition, which in turn provoked paralysis of the heart and in the winter of 1942 the scientist died. Now, once the pioneering discovery of the world dimension is made by P.F. Tushkan, in connection with the fact that droughts in the steppes of Ukraine are of a periodic nature and associated with solar activity, has become axiomatic, but its authorship belongs to others.
Natalia Osadcha-Yanata (1891–1982): Pages of Biography
Authors: Gamaliia V.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the life and activities of the wife and friend of the prominent Ukrainian scientist-botanist Oleksandr Aloizovych Yanata – Natalia Osadcha-Yanata. The role of this woman in the development of Ukrainian science, culture and education was shown, as well as its contribution to the study of the problems of the development of the botanical nomenclature and the terminology of medicinal plants. Osadcha-Yanata's scientific work began after graduating from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Kiyv higher women’s courses. The significance of Natalia’s acquaintance with her future husband O. A. Yanata on the formation of her scientific interests and further work in the fields of science is stressed. The data on the activity of a scientist in the commission on the preservation of monuments of nature and antiquity of the Crimean Society of amateurs and researchers of nature, it’s role in the implementation of the Ukrainian language into all spheres of public life is given. The importance of Natalia’s work as the secretary of the terminological commission of the botanical section of the Ukrainian Scientific Society, and then her role in the development of native terminology in academic institutions is emphasized. The periodization of N. Osadcha-Yanata’s scientific activity is proposed, the foreign stage of her work after leaving abroad is outlined. The contribution of N. Osadcha-Yanata to the creation of the manuscript of the dictionary of the botanical nomenclature, as well as the preparation of the fundamental works “Ukrainian Botanical Terminology” and “Ukrainian Botanical nomenclature” are shown. Unfortunately, these researches have not been published. The facts, which prove the devotion of N. Osadcha-Yanata to the scientific work, are presented. So, even after his husband was repressed in 1933, all his work was banned, and Natalia herself was dismissed from work, she continued studying the plant life of Ukraine. This activity Osadcha-Yanata also continued after her forced emigration (first to West Germany, and later to the United States). The article tells about the difficult life of Ukrainian emigrant scholars, as well as their devotion to science, which helped to continue research activities far from the Motherland. In particular, materials collected by N. Osadcha-Yanata in Ukraine were published almost 40 years later as a monograph entitled “Ukrainian Folk Names of Plants”. And many of her manuscripts are still stored in the Archives of Columbia University.
The development of Paleozoology Science in the era of the victory of evolutionism (1859-1895)
Authors: Deforzh H.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of Paleozoology science in the world in the era of the victory of evolutionism (1859-1895). Historical, comparative and biographical methods were used while making this article. It allowed to systematize and critically evaluate the used sources, to compare the assessment of the results of activities of different scientists, and to describe those works that contributed to the development of the science of Paleozoology. An analysis of the sources allowed an objective assessment of the contribution from the representatives of different countries to the development of the science of Paleozoology. The merits of our domestic zoologists in the marked process are shown. The multi-vector activity of the Kovalevskys brothers and M.V. Pavlova was analyzed in the context of the theory of evolution development. Based on the comparison of assessments made by different zoological scientists regarding the development of Paleozoology, the role of these scientists in solving evolutionary issues is shown. It is established that the development of the science of Paleozoology quickly found support from the evolutionists of the second half of the nineteenth century thanks to their personal contribution. This analysis enabled to draw the paths of development in both Paleozoology and Evolutionism in general. The victory of evolutionism was not simultaneous; this victory went a long and painful way of rejection and ruthless criticism. And it was the eminent scientists paleozoologists who played a significant role in the formation and strengthening of evolutionary theory in the world. They are such scholars as: Austrian geologist and paleontologist Melchior Neumayr, French paleontologist and geologist Albert Gaudry, Swiss zoologist and paleontologist Ludwig Rutimeyer, American naturalist, paleontologist and comparative anatomist Edward Соре, American paleontologist Othniel Marsh, German geologist, paleontologist and mineralogist Karl Zittel, American geologist and paleontologist Henry Osborn, and many others. The article analyzes the works of these scientists, thanks to which paleontology was able to separate from geology, since for a long time paleontology was a “helper”, “maid” of geology. This separation later contributed to the division of paleontology into paleozoology itself and paleobotany. The use of the biographical method made it possible to consider the persons of evolutionary paleozoologists as separate individuals, which made it possible to evaluate their contribution to the development of the theory of evolution, to re-evaluate their scientific achievements.
Algebraic research in the works of members of the Kyiv Physical and Mathematical Society in the first years of its existence
Authors: Kletska T.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the review, analysis and systematization of the generalization of materials that characterize the development of algebraic research and teaching of algebra at the beginning of the life of the University of St. Vladimir in Kyiv. Particular attention was paid to the research of the members of the Kyiv Physical and Mathematical Society, as the most active faculty of natural sciences scientists of the time in Kyiv. Historical, systematic and biographical methods were used to prepare the work, which allowed to systematize, classify and evaluate the sources used, compare the evaluation of the results of the members of the Kyiv Physical and Mathematical Society with various authors, highlight the main directions and state of coverage of the topic, as well as the results of other historians of science, review previous work on this issue and clearly identify issues that have not been resolved. The analysis of the sources allowed the author to give an objective assessment of the contribution of members of the society to the development of algebra and methods of teaching it. It was shown that despite the lack of trained specialists and other problems, the level of teaching of this discipline was quite high. Various researches of Kyiv mathematicians are analyzed. It was shown that algebra was one of the most popular directions of the mathematicians of the Kyiv university, although not the most effective one. On the basis of comparison of the characteristics of various researchers who studied the work of the Kyiv Physical and Mathematical Society, his role in creating a system of higher mathematical education in the territory of Ukraine is shown. It was established that due to the personal contribution of the members of the society, the foundations for the future Kyiv algebraic school were laid. Detailed works on the algebra of the time printed in Kyiv are considered in detail. It was shown that the society itself became the center around which the most active scholars and teachers met, in which the directions of research of the Kyiv mathematicians were formed. It should also be noted that the company's activities contributed to the birth of the Kyiv Mathematical School.