bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ability and Possibility
Authors: Wolf Susan
Published: November 2023

According to the Reason View, the freedom necessary for responsibility consists in the ability (or freedom) to do the right thing for the right reasons-or, as I have sometimes put it, the ability (or freedom) to choose and to act in accordance with the True and the Good. By now, I hope I have said enough in defense and explanation of this view to make its main features both comprehensible and plausible. Still, in developing and presenting this view, I have had to rely on a common understanding and acceptance of concepts and ideas that are themselves philosophically problematic, or, at any rate, controversial. Any effort to get a more concrete and precise conception of responsibility, to fill in the outlines of the Reason View as it has so far been sketched, requires a closer examination of these concepts and the uses to which they have been put.
Harlem on Relief
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl Lynn
Published: November 2023

New Deal programs made the difference between starvation and survival for the thousands of New Yorkers who had no jobs or who could not afford to live on the meager wages they earned. The previous programs of the Emergency Work and Relief Bureau, the New York City Department of Public Welfare, and private philanthropy did not have the funds to maintain the high levels of aid required. By 1935, the state and federal government bore three-fourths of all of New York’s relief costs. The New Deal consisted of a series of programs instituted by the Roosevelt administration that relieved the suffering of millions across the country through financial grants, public works projects, loans, and similar means.
Henry James: Tradition and the Work of Writing
Authors: Brodhead Richard H
Published: November 2023

Sargent is various and experimental; if I am not mistaken, he sees each work that he produces in a light of its own, not turning off successive portraits according to some well-tried receipt which has proved useful in the case of their predecessors; nevertheless there is one idea that pervades them all, in a different degree, and gives them a family resemblance-the idea that it would be inspiring to know just how Velasquez would have treated the theme. HENRY JAMES, “John S. Sargent” HENRY JAMES’s relation to Hawthorne has been a subject for discussion as long as there has been a James to discuss.
Teachers: Author(iz)ing Hard and Soft Stories about Academia
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

Unlike clock time, the human time of beginnings, middles, and ends is not an empty time, nor does it lack the force necessary to reproduce its own multiple cultural rhythms. Full of lives and their many stories that begin, continue through crises, and finally end, kairos can weave itself into the way people talk together and-for those five TAs and me-meet together. When it stayed with us in our meetings, we felt high and productive. When it left, we seemed never to come to closure.
Time Passed from Reading to Writing to Reading
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

Even though composition teachers may have long known that reading and writing are closely related activities, only recently have studies of the relationship begun to mushroom. Now it is almost a commonplace among us that writers cannot write nor readers read unless they collaborate and negotiate with each other, and that though they may be separated from each other in time and space, readers and writers need some way of understanding their expectations about each other and the material at hand if the communication is to work.
Vanishing Americans: Gender, Empire, and New Historicism
Authors: Romero Lora
Published: November 2023

The Last of the Mohicans is one of approximately forty novels published in the United States between 1824 and 1834 that, taken together, suggest the existence of a virtual “cult of the Vanishing American” in the antebellum period. Requisite to membership in this cult was a belief that the rapid decrease in the native population noted by many Jacksonian-era observers was both spontaneous and ineluctable.1 James Fenimore Cooper would seem to betray his indoctrination in the cult of the Vanishing American when he states, in the introduction to the 1831 edition of his novel, that it was “the seemingly inevitable fate of all[native tribes]” to “disappear before the advances ... of civilisation[just] as the verdure of their native forests falls before the nipping frost.”2 The elegiac mode here performs the historical sleight of hand crucial to the topos of the doomed aboriginal: it represents the disappearance of the native not just as natural but as having already happened.
The Third and Fourth Sections of Argument
Authors: Meinwald Constance C
Published: November 2023

This chapter concerns the third and fourth sections of Pannenides’ dialectical display. As we progress through these and the later sections, my treatments are getting shorter. This is common to all inter pretations (except those that do not treat all the sections explicitly). An obvious reason for this is the length of the sections: whereas the second section was over thirteen Stephanus pages in length, the last six are all under three pages (and two actually take up less than one Stephanus page each). So in a very superficial sense, these later sections contain less evidence. Moreover, a fairly substantial picture of what is going on will have emerged by the time one comes to these later sections, and one may already have mined important nuggets of information from them.
Progeny
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: November 2023

Feverish change became a fixed feature of the television scene. The tube seemed likely co retain its central role in American life, but behind the rube a complex struggle was under way, spurred by different visions of the future of television, and with implications for almost every aspect of society. The long-range outcome was a subject of ceaseless discussion and speculation–rhetorical and financial. The stakes seemed enormous, and the odds shifted constantly. First one contender, then another, seemed to represent the wave of the future. A contender might fall back, then forge ahead in a new form. Each of the contending technologies was hailed–as radio and television had once been hailed–as the key to a more enlightened society and the fulfillment of democracy.
Blattella and Related Species
Authors: Appel Arthur G
Published: November 2023

Today’s cockroaches represent one of the most evolutionarily persistent lineages of insects having remained virtually unchanged in appearance for nearly 350 million years. Cockroaches have a generalized body plan and are usually long legged. Their morphology, biology and behavior has allowed various species to exploit a wide range of habitats from the sand dunes of the southwestern United States to the caves of Madagascar. Cockroaches would receive little attention today, but for their ability to colonize human structures such as homes, commercial kitchens and sewer systems as well as the urban landscape. Cockroaches have been implicated in the transmission of disease organisms (Roth and Willis 1960) and as a source of potent human allergens in our homes (see Chapter 4). Cockroaches have also influenced our culture. The literary cockroach, archy described conditions during the Great Depression (Marquis 1931). In his book Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka used a cockroach (or monstrous vermin) as the metaphor of Gregor Samsa’s wasted life (Kafka 1988). Fire setting cockroaches were the subject of the movie “Bug” and “The Roaches” are a rock music band. Expressions such as roach and roachy-odor, and even brand names such as Roach Motel® and Roach Prufe®, have become part of our language in the United States. It is somewhat ironic that for biologists roach is the common name for a freshwater fish related to carp. The fact that cockroaches are ubiquitous pests has helped to sustain large and successful businesses including professional pest control services (commercial and residential), consumer pesticide products and the services of a number of urban pest management consultants.
An Uncommon Need: “Race” in Early American Literature
Authors: Nelson Dana D
Published: November 2023

Narrative, as a process of representation, provides a powerful tool for conceptualization. As Thomas Leitch notes, “stories imitate a world of potential, of coming-to-be” (16), and nowhere more than in the discovery of the “New” World did the role of story as “coming-to-be” operate formatively. Well before Europeans set sail for the newly discovered worlds, they were reading, hearing, and telling about what they would find.
Ethnocentrism Decentered: Colonialist Motives in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
Authors: Nelson Dana D
Published: November 2023

In the last thirty years The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) has become one of the most popular and controversial texts among Poe scholars. As Douglas Robinson suggests, it would seem that Poe’s eccentric narrative is “an interpreter’s dream-text . . . a textual vacuum begging to be filled with a reading” (“Reading Poe’s Novel,” 47). The striking variance of conclusions on The Meaning of Pymcontributes to current curiosity over the work. Readings of Pymrange widely, from psychoanalytic exploration to social satire, from self-referential commentary on writing (or reading) to a metacritical demonstration of utter absence of meaning. Those commenting on the text apparently cannot reach any consensus or “thrust toward uniformity” (Robinson, “Reading Poe’s Novel,” 52), though many seem to concur with J. Gerald Kennedy, who posits Pym as “the pivotal text in current discussions” of Poe (Poe, 145).
“Read the Characters, Question the Motives”: Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Authors: Nelson Dana D
Published: November 2023

“The meaning of race,” as David Brion Davis observes in a recent review essay, “remains curiously elusive.” He asks “to what extent is race an ideological construction?” (“Ends of Slavery,” 34). The aim of this study has not been to answer Davis’s question definitively, but to suggest the texture of the Anglo-American literary dialogue which concerned itself with the exploration of “race.” It has not been my goal to reduce these texts to their least common denominator; rather, I have been concerned with exploring the variances between these texts, to investigate the literary uses of “race” as- to use Raymond Williams’s words - an “active history, made up of the realities of formation and struggle” (210).
Technician Training and Quality Control Aspects
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

It is a fundamental principle of laboratory tests that they are never entirely free from error. However, understanding the source(s) and extent of such errors is a prerequisite for correct appreciation and interpretation of test results in the diagnostic process. To evaluate these errors, quality control (QC) has been introduced into clinical laboratory tests and has become routine practice (Cembrowski and Carey, 1989).
Going to Smash: Violence in The Ambassadors
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

In an 1895 notebook entry that constitutes the initial “germ” of The Ambassadors, James discloses that “the core of the subject” is the “revolution that takes place in the poor man” who five years later would become Lambert Strether. The word “revolution” appears twice more in the notebook entry, as well as in the 1900 “Project of Novel” and in the 1909 preface. James’s repeated use of this momentous word to describe what happens to an elderly man who “has lived only for ... effort, surrender, abstention, sacrifice” opens a gap between diction and subject. This discrepancy is always a prime source of Jamesian comedy, and nowhere more so than in a novel whose fifty-five-year-old hero happily confesses his absurdity as he finally learns to “toddle alone” (Notebooks 141). But granting Strether a mock-heroic stature is only one strand in a novel that is also serious about portraying him as experiencing a “revolution.”
Coda: The Politics of Nonidentity
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

Nothing is more contemporary about the thought of William and Henry James than their rejection of traditional norms of mastery and authority. In pursuing new forms of human agency and cultural inquiry that seek power and value by deliberately eluding direct identification and affiliation, each practiced a politics of nonidentity.1 While William’s mode of practice is oppositional and Henry’s immanent, both Jameses questioned conventional notions of adequacy, particularly the responsibility of the intellectual in a “loose universe” where all experiences are “finite,” fall back on nothing, and are “homeless.”
“How Jennifer Courted Death”: The 1986 Killing of Jennifer Levin
Authors: Benedict Helen
Published: November 2023

Near the end of a long, hot summer in 1g86, New York woke to a series of salacious headlines about the killing of an eighteen-year-old woman in Central Park. In no time at all, Jennifer Dawn Levin, the victim, and the circumstances of her death were being raked over the coals as the New York Post, then still owned by Rupert Murdoch, The Daily News, New York Newsday, and The New York Times competed for reader attention.
Conclusion: How the Press Should Cover Sex Crimes
Authors: Benedict Helen
Published: November 2023

During the 1980s and 1990s, the quality of sex crime coverage has been steadily declining. The press still prefers crimes against white victims while ignoring those against blacks, and although it focuses less exclusively on black-against-white rapes than it did in earlier decades, it still covers those cases with exaggerated frequency, class prejudice, and racist stereotypes, as the coverage of the Central Park jogger case demonstrated. Furthermore, the swing of sympathy away from victims in recent years has been noticeable enough to result in several organized protests and publications. Many of the 1970s rape crisis centers and training programs for police and doctors have shut down; the rape crisis centers that still exist are struggling to stay afloat, having lost their previous funding from state and city interests; and the influential National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape, which funded many valuable studies on the subject, has been whittled down and absorbed into its parent, the National Institute of Mental Health. All in all, rape as a societal problem has lost interest for the public and the press, and the press is reverting to its pre 1970 focus on sex crimes as individual, bizarre, or sensational case histories witness the furor over the celebrity rape case against William Kennedy Smith. Along with that loss of interest has come a loss of understanding.
Law’s Determinacy in Light of General Theories of Prediction, Rule Following, and Interpretation
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

The preceding chapters have explained why many legal questions have determinate answers, in the sense of answers (1) that virtually all lawyers and others familiar with the legal system would reach upon understanding the legal questions, and (2) that are unopposed by any powerful contrary arguments consonant with the “ground rules” of the legal enterprise. Although I have more confidence in the nonlegal and legal illustrations I have provided than in any abstract formulation, the conclusions of the last chapters can be summed up in this way.
The Generality of Law
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

A characteristic feature of law is its generality. Legal rules ordinarily are cast in general form, and reasoning within the law is constrained by a principle of generalization, according to which the standards that one applies to a particular case must be applicable to other situations. Part I has examined and rejected the contention that governance by general rules is inevitably a delusion. We have seen how conventions of language and shared social practices permit guidance by abstract standards stated in advance. Chapter 6 considered the relevance of subjective and objective elements. An approach that individualizes the actor’s situation and character to a greater degree may be viewed as less objective. Chapter 7 reviewed some of the ways in which general classifications raise issues of fairness among groups.

In this chapter, I concentrate more closely on some important questions about the generality of law. I begin with the reasons for general rules. These reasons turn out to be closely similar to the reasons, touched on in Chapter 5, for having single correct answers to many legal questions.
Law’s Relation to Cultural Morality, Economic Efficiency, and Sound Political Morality
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

This part investigates yet another sense in which law might be said to be objective, its rootedness in broader sources. Part I inquired whether questions of law often have objective, or determinate, answers. My claim that they do rested on the central place that language has in the law, and I developed the connection between legal norms and other prescriptive uses of language. For the most part, I treated the law as a relatively independent enterprise, like a game of basketball or certain narrow aspects of employer-employee relations. However, when I spoke about the general justification defense and other open-ended legal norms, I did rely on the way in which judgments about community morality or sound morality could determine the proper application of legal standards. In Part III, I pick up these threads and consider relations between law and broader sources more systematically, including the effect broader sources may have on the possibility that legal issues on which lawyers disagree have correct, or determinate, answers.
Theory Change in Science
Authors: Darden Lindley
Published: November 2023

This challenging and innovative book examines the processes involved in the birth and development of new scientific ideas. The author has searched for strategies used by scientists for producing new theories, both those that yield a range of plausible hypotheses and ones that aid in narrowing that range. She goes on to focus on the development of the theory of the gene as a case study in scientific creativity. Her discussion of modern genetics greatly demystifies the philosophy of science, and establishes a realistic framework for understanding how scientists actually go about their work. This compelling work will interest a broad range of readers, including biologists and geneticists, along with historians and philosophers of science.
An Introduction to Maria Edgeworth
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Literary history has not been kind to Richard Lovell Edgeworth, the eminent father of a celebrated daughter. In the words of another celebrated daughter of an eminent father, Virginia Woolf, Richard Edgeworth was “Byron’s bore, Day’s friend, Maria’s father, the man who almost invented the telegraph, and did, in fact, invent machines for cutting turnips, climbing walls, contracting on narrow bridges, and lifting their wheels over obstacles-a man meritorious, industrious, advanced, but still, as we investigate his memoirs, mainly a bore.”1 In response to such characterization, Marilyn Butler sought to reclaim Richard’s reputation in Maria Edgeworth, a Literary Biography. In particular, she redressed the persistent belief that Richard was an overbearing or dominant father who thwarted his daughter’s artistic and creative development.2 Despite her evidence, however, many critics-and feminist critics, in particular-remain skeptical of a reading that renders Richard’s paternal influence more disinterested or benevolent.
Good Housekeeping: The Politics of Anglo-Irish Ascendancy
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In Mary Leadbeater’s Cottage Dialogues Among the Irish Peasantry (1811) Jem explains his decision to postpone marriage until he and his fiancee have saved for a good house with a chimney and furniture. He declares he would shun life “in a mud hovel without a chimney; the parents and children all pig together, on the same wisp-the father goes out to look for food, and when the mother prepares it, they all fall to, and tear it with their fingers and devour it. In the evening they smoke and afterwards-.” He is then interrupted by his friend Tim, who reports that his father’s family lives in just the manner described by Jem. The imagery of this passage is both horrific and fraught with ideological tension.
Coda: Charlotte Bronte and Milton’s Cook
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Throughout this book my project has been a study of patterns of complicity-of the motivations behind women’s identifications with their fathers, of the forms their complicity can take, and of the consequences of that identification. A major factor in this book on male-identified women has been the mother, and I have argued that complicitous behavior can be traced to a persistent matrophobia. For example, in Hannah More’s responses to Paradise Lost, Eve emerges as the mother from whom one must differentiate oneself. To be “daughter of God and Man” is to be the daughter of no mother; it is to be the daughter who takes control of Mother Nature’s prolific bounty and who asserts her independence from Nature’s sway.
American Novels: Authors, Agents, Editors, Publishers
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: November 2023

With the novel and (in the next chapter) plays and films, we at last encounter literature as commercial enterprise. Apart from timely loans from his publishers, Keats never received a penny from his poetry (and neither did the publishers). Mill and Wordsworth supported themselves as civil servants, offering their works principally for the edification of readers—then and, they hoped, for all time. Coleridge, who survived mainly on donations from patrons and friends, actually lost several hundred pounds when he published Sibylline Leaves and Biographia Literaria with the firm of Rest Fenner, which went bankrupt two years afterward. Eliot received all of $150, plus a prize of $2000, for the first publication of The Waste Land. To be sure, Eliot later became a shrewd businessman of letters, driving a hard bargain as a director of the London publisher Faber and Faber; but when he produced The Waste Land, he and his publishers were still operating in a nineteenth-century tradition of poetry writing and publishing primarily for the sake of art and fame.
The Century’s Corpse Outleant: Hardy and Modernism
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N
Published: November 2023

Thomas Hardy wrote “The Darkling Thrush” in December 1900, the last month of the old century. Here is the second stanza:

Hardy himself was sixty years old, and in a position to consider the changing of the calendar as something more than a mere convention - here, it seems to be a mournful anxious rite for something passing irrevocably. Though most of the critical attention devoted to this poem has centered on the thrush, who sings with implausible hope in the next stanza, the original title was “By the Century’s Deathbed,” which points us toward gloomier conclusions.2 But those who, like Hardy here, felt anxiety deepening to trepidation about the new century did not necessarily want the old
The Primal Scene in The Secret Agent: Sex and Violencein the Nightmare Universe
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N
Published: November 2023

The Secret Agent is an apocalyptic work in more than one sense. Composing it at a time of financial strain and worry about his children’s health, Joseph Conrad took a calculated risk in approaching the topic of anarchist bombing and the threat to the public therefrom. He risked public disapproval, and thus low sales, “on the ground of sordid surroundings and the moral squalor of the tale,” yet he hoped to capitalize on the thirst of the reading public for expose treatment of such “outrages.” He knew perfectly well that one of the cheaper thrills for the public in such a book even more satisfying than safe indignation at the “criminal futility” of anarchist acts -would be indulgence in the fatuously apocalyptic sententiousness illustrated by Baron Stott-Wartenheim’s deathbed speech (p. 36).
Ideas of Ambiguity
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

Troubled with his reading of “The Emperor of Ice-Cream,” R. P. Blackmur took a moment away from his job at a Cambridge bookshop to write to Stevens for advice on his now classic essay, “Examples of Wallace Stevens” (1931). Stevens read the pages in question and was struck by this sentence: “By associating ambiguities found in nature in a poem we reach a clarity, a kind of transfiguration even, whereby we learn what the ambiguity was.” In a decade’s time, that would become a kind of New Critical dogma, but in 1931 Blackmur was speaking Stevens’s private language, and the poet told him so: “One of the essentials of poetry is ambiguity. I don’t feel that I have touched the thing until I touch it in ambiguous form.
Violence Within, Violence Without
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

The year 1939 marked the sesquicentennial of the French Revolution, and to writers of a certain generation it seemed as if very little time had passed. Just as post-Romantic poets have repeated Wordsworth’s mode of imaginative internalization, so have they appropriated his evaluation of the French Revolution as a way to contain or justify their own retreats from historical events that similarly failed to bolster their political ideals. As the ideals of the early 1930s dissolved in the wake of the Munich accords, the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and finally the commencement of the Second World War, Auden looked back to Wordsworth in “New Year Letter” (1940).
The Ultimate Politician
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

By the time Transport to Summer appeared in 1947, Ezra Pound had been incarcerated at the Disciplinary Training Center near Pisa, transported to the United States and arraigned on charges of treason, declared mentally unfit for trial, and remanded to St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C. Before the court ruled on Pound’s sanity, his supporters mobilized to secure his release, or at least to avert the possibility of his execution. In November r 945 Charles Norman (Pound’s future biographer) asked Stevens to join Cummings, Williams, F. 0. Matthiessen, Conrad Aiken, and other writers in offering a statement.
Jazz In Its Time
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Martin Williams is one of the most perceptive and entertaining jazz critics writing in America today. This collection of pieces on the past, present, and future of the jazz idiom includes profiles of Sidney Bechet, Ornette Coleman, and Miles Davis, an assessment of jazz-rock fusion, and a look at the pressures placed on musicians and their music by commercialism.
One About Lester
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

If masterpieces exceed excellence, then there is not a high enough rating for the Lester Young on the Commodore recordings by “the Kansas City Five.” A 1938 session (tracks 1-6, 11, 12 of the LP) produced the masterpieces: his delicate contrapuntal clarinet improvising behind Buck Clayton and his tenor solo on Way Down Yonder in New Orleans, his delicately original clarinet invention on I Want a Little Girl, and his lovely variant of a traditional blues line on Pagin’ the Devil. These are masterpieces.
Three About Coltrane
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

“Mainstream I958” by Wilbur Harden, John Coltrane, and Tommy Flanagan is a kind of ersatz Miles Davis date. And that quality goes beyond the presence of certain musicians (Doug Watkins on bass is also here) and the fact that Harden is following Davis’s style quite closely: Snufjy (Harden’s tune) is a blood brother to such things as Little Willie Leaps and Half Nelson from Davis’s first date as leader. But Harden deserves credit for largely getting the point of what Davis does and doing it better than some others-I am thinking particularly of some of the West Coast men who play Davis’s ideas but who patch them together so incongruously (even putting some climactic ones in their first eight bars) that they sound almost like a parody of the original.
Navarro out of the Air
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

The selections on “Fats Navarro with the Tadd Dameron Quintet” are from radio broadcasts done from the Royal Roost in the summer and fall of 1948. As very special documents of a very special time in American jazz, they are invaluable. And they capture the excitement, the exuberant qualities of that time as no studio-made recordings do. One can take two different positions about them as music, however. Kenny Clarke is himself, which is to say, one of the most smoothly infectious jazz drummers ever, a man with an important idea of the function of his instrument. But otherwise, one could say that what goes on here is a kind of pastiche drumming: a little of this, a little of that.
This Fellow George Winston
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

As I remember, I first heard of pianist George Winston from a sign in a record shop window, “George Winston Back in Stock,” while another shop two blocks down boasted “YES, WE HAVE WINDHAM HILL RECORDS!” Soon after, an ad appeared for a local concert, and a clipping of a record review arrived through the mails which blamed George Winston (whom the reviewer obviously didn’t like) on the influence of Bill Evans.
Harry Carney: Forty-one Years at Home
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

“My greatest kick with the instrument, which then seemed much bigger than me, was that I was able to fill it, and make some noise with it. I enjoyed the tone of it and I started to give it some serious study. I’ve been carrying it around ever since.” Thus, speaking to Stanley Dance, did Harry Howell Carney describe his first encounter with the baritone sax. Carney is, to most musicians and fans, the archetypal jazz baritone saxophonist, but it happens that he was well established on alto sax and clarinet before he took up the instrument. Actually, people seriously ask him if he invented the larger horn, but he was not the “first” jazz baritone mannorthelast, to be sure.
Condition Red
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Trumpeter Henry (Red) Allen, Jr., has been recording as leader of his own groups since 1929, but, like many a veteran professional, he still approaches record dates with a bit of apprehension and a slightly nervous determination that everything shall go well. At least he did have such apprehension when he was to do a date for the Prestige/ Swingville label recently, using the quartet he has been working with in clubs like the Embers in New York City and the London House in Chicago.
Bash It
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

The Impact Studios are on West Sixty-fifth Street, and they are, therefore, in what is now called the Lincoln Center area of New York City. But Impact’s narrow building was there long before Lincoln Center was a gleam in a realestate speculator’s eye or a twitch in a culture-monger’s pocketbook. Impact is a second-floor walk-up, and en route one might assume that its building is otherwise deserted. The studio is a favorite of Don Schlitten, jazz producer for Prestige records, and Schlitten had booked it for 1 :oo p.m. on a day this spring to record pianist Jaki Byard “with strings.” The “strings” were to be Ray Nance’s violin, Ron Carter’s cello, Richard Davis’s bass, and George Benson’s guitar.
A Celebration of Trumpeters
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

The tradition of New Orleans horns-the singular line of Crescent City cornetists-trumpeters-begins with Charles “Buddy” Bolden and ends with Henry “Red” Allen, Jr.** We have the course of its remarkable development well documented on records, virtually step by step and contribution by contribution.
Miles Davis: Odyssey ¡*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

The music on this LP first appeared as “Miles Davis and Milt Jackson: Changes,” and the record was made at an auspicious time for several of its participants. Miles Davis was shortly to form and record with the Quintet with John Coltrane, the group with which he first achieved national fame and celebrity. About a year before, he had recorded Walkin’ and Blue ‘n’ Boogie, and, following them, Bags’ Groove and The Man I Love, records which led both musicians and the more hip and “inside” fans to a virtual rediscovery of Miles Davis.
Early Ornette
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

I believe that what Ornette Coleman is playing will affect the whole character of jazz music profoundly and pervasively. But I am not unique or original in believing that what he is doing is new and authentic. For two examples, Percy Heath, bassist with the Modern Jazz Quartet, has been praising him for over two years, often to deaf ears.
Ornette Coleman: Free Jazz*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

This is an exceptional record-exceptional in so many ways that it is hard to know where to begin. It is a continuous free improvisation with only a few, brief pre-set sections. It was done in one “take” at a single recording session. No one knew how long it would last; two tape machines were simply kept going, and when Free Jazz was over, it had taken over thirty-eight minutes-the length of an LP. There was nothing more to play, there were no re-takes, no splices.
Ornette Coleman: Twins*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Just in case you’re inclined to be ponderous or solemn about Ornette Coleman’s music, go directly to Joy of a Toy. Hear the bursting humor of that well-titled melody. Hear the comic, cajoling, teasing fun in Ornette Coleman’s solo. Hear those marvelous, convoluting phrases with which Don Cherry ends his improvising. Ornette Coleman’s music has always shown an expressive feel for the playful, the joyful, the whimsical side of human nature. And I’d say it’s often there, deep down, in things he plays or writes in quite different moods.
Criticism
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

A musician is supposed to have said recently that the criticism of jazz is a kind of joke and that there are no jazz critics. Without agreeing with him entirely, I am very sympathetic to his statement. But I say this to indicate that to me the words critic and criticism are rather special ones. A man who makes comments or reports on jazz records (or books, or plays, or movies) is not necessarily worthy of the title of critic.
On Scholarship, Standards, and Aesthetics: In American Music We Are All on the Spot
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

In a sense, I hesitate to undertake my subject with the Sonneck Society, which was originally organized on the premise that it approach American music informally, pleasurably, and however its membership seemed inclined. Nevertheless, here we are with a learned quarterly, with annual meetings with several days of papers-in short, with all the paraphernalia of a society of scholars. And that in itself perhaps incurs certain obligations.
Pictographs as Autobiography: Plains Indian Sketchbooks, Diaries, and Text Construction
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn
Published: November 2023

When scholars talk about Native American autobiography, the assumption is that they mean the ethnographer-collected life histories of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Because autobiography has been considered a distinctly Western impulse emphasizing individuality and has been defined as the story of one’s life written by oneself, pre contact personal narratives spoken, performed, and painted by communal-oriented indigenous peoples have generally been overlooked. Even thoughtful critics like Arnold Krupat insist that ‘‘Indian autobiography has no prior model in the collective practice of tribal cultures.”But long before Anglo ethnographers came along, Native Americans were telling, performing, and painting their personal histories. One potential tribal model of autobiography, at least among Plains Indian males, is the pictographic personal narrative. The symbolic language of pictographs allowed pre-contact Plains Indians to “read” about one another from painted robes, tipis, and shields. According to Helen H. Blish, pictographic hides were a “widely practiced” form of artistic personal history. Such “personal records” were “quite common …among the Plains Indians/’ and, says Blish, “these are the most frequently found pictographic records. “In the Great Plains, in particular, pictography was highly developed and ‘‘universally employed and under stood.’ ‘Such picture writing was used to convey everyday messages announcements, rosters, personal letters, business and trade transac tions, and geographical directions and charts (Blish 20; Petersen)-as well as tribal histories (known as winter counts) and autobiographical narratives.
Oral and Written Collaborative Autobiography: Nicholas Black Elk and Charles Alexander Eastman
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn
Published: November 2023

Black Elk and Charles Alexander Eastman lived during a traumatic transition period for Native Americans. In the final quarter of the nineteenth century, the last armed Indian resistance to U.S. expansion ism was destroyed and Indians were forced onto reservations. During this troubled period, life histories of tribal people were solicited by friends, historians, and ethnologists who then translated spoken native languages into written English. Such oral autobiographies as Black Elk’s, with their problems of authority and audience, reflect a dual perspective-the raconteur’s and the editor’s.
Seattle
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

As a veteran, I was eligible for a free college education on the G.l. Bill of Rights. I re-entered the University of Washington, signing up for courses that would get me a degree in radio broadcasting. Though I was a musician, I had been convinced by parents and teachers that I wouldn’ t be able to make a living that way. All the professional musicians I knew outside the Army either taught school or worked other day jobs and only played on weekends.
The Marian McPartland Trio
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

I was lucky that the gig with Jerry Wald didn’ t last any longer than it. did; I might have missed a good job with Marian McPartland. I had met her when I was with Terry Gibbs, on a concert we shared with her trio and the Ahmad Jamal Quartet. As I was going into the Embers with Wald, Vinnie Burke gave Marian his notice, and she asked me to join her the following week at the Hickory House.
Vic Dickenson
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

When I joined Marian McPartland’ s trio, I was still playing the plywood Kay bass I’ d bought in 1951. I had admired finer instruments that I’ d heard being played by other bassists, but I hadn’ t found one of my own. Irv Manning, a bassist with an eye for quality in instruments, took me to the workshop of Sam Kolstein, a bowmaker and bass repairman on Sixth Avenue. While Sam adjusted my Kay to improve its sound and action, he let me play some of the fine old instruments that he had there. They were for sale, but I couldn’ t afford Sam’ s prices.
Bird
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

I was working at the Hickory House when I heard the sad news of Charlie Parker’ s death. It stunned every musician I knew. He was twenty when he first overwhelmed the jazz world with his brilliant playing, and only fourteen years later that Niagara of music had ceased to flow. During my first months in New York I spent every possible hour listening to him, but as I began to live my own musical life I only went to hear him now and then when he played in New York. I felt no urgency; I thought he would always be there.
Dave Lambert, Last Chorus
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

That edition of Marian’ s trio dissolved on the road, when she was canceled out of a summer’ s bookings at a chain of Indiana hotels. The hotels were sold, and the new owner refused to honor Marian’ s contracts. The Hickory House was already booked up for the season, so Marian decided to take a vacation. She went to Chicago to visit her stepdaughter, and I returned to New York.
Good Gigs
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

After playing at Birdland with Gerry one summer night, I came home to my apartment on Cornelia Street to discover I’ d been robbed. The burglar had come in through a window I had left unlocked. He must have known I was at work; he took the time to sort through my record collection. He only stole the modern jazz. He also took my tux and a suit, my overcoat, a collection of cufflinks that I had made from foreign coins, my camera, a couple of sweaters, and two suitcases, which he used to carry the boodle.
Comedians
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

At the Playboy Club, the shows changed frequently in the showrooms on the third and fourth floors. Between shows, the comics would go down to the bandstand in the Living Room to do a few jokes and drum up business for their rooms. One Sunday, when our quartet was playing in the Living Room, a young comedian from the Penthouse came down to plug his show. He had an easygoing delivery that was completely different from the brash style of Jackie Gayle, the circuit’ s top banana, who was appearing in the Playroom. Gayle was a bargain-basement Don Rickles who specialized in tough insult humor.

When Gayle finished his first show and came down the stairway that passed our bandstand, he began heckling the young comic, bellowing standard nightclub insults.
Doubling in Brass
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Between jobs with Duchin I often played at the new Eddie Condon’ s. Eddie had closed his East Fifty-sixth Street club in 1967 and gone into retirement, and he died in 1973. Later, bassist Red Balaban arranged with Eddie’ s widow to use his name. Red opened a new Eddie Condon’ s on West Fifty-fourth Street, a few doors from the relocated Jimmy Ryan’ s. He had Ed Poker on cornet, Vic Dickenson on trombone, Herb Hall on clarinet, Ronnie Coles on drums, and Jim Andrews on piano, with Red Richards playing solo piano between the band’ s sets. Balaban often called me to sub for him.
Berlin’s Songs for the Vaudeville Stage
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

The majority of Berlin’s earliest songs were written for performance in vaudeville, a theatrical form with roots in the mid-nineteenth-century concert saloon, a venue for working-class entertainment. As an observer described an evening in one of these places, which were clustered by the dozens in and around the Bowery section of New York City: We drew our knees under a roughly made round table. Our seat was a hard- bottomed chair, or perhaps it was a bench.
Berlin’s Early Songs for the Musical Stage
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

Irving Berlin has accomplished an Aladdin-like transition-from piano player in a Bowery dance hall to the authorship of WATCH YOUR STEP, a musical melange, which is attracting the elite of “sassiery” to the New Amsterdam. Watch Your Step, a “syncopated musical show in three acts” with a cast headed by Irene and Vernon Castle and the comedian Frank Tinney, had its first New York performance at the New Amsterdam on 8 December 1914 after tryouts in Syracuse and Detroit.
Rethinking Women’s Literary History
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: November 2023

Through a study of the lives and works of Emily Dickinson, Marianne Moore, Elizabeth Bishop, Adrienne Rich, and Gwendolyn Brooks and their complex and troubled relations with both masculine and feminine literary culture, this book seeks simultaneously to engage and to explore feminist theory and practice as a field of cultural struggle. Broadly stated, this study attempts to “historicize” our understanding of particular women poets and particular (re)constructions of the “female poetic tradition” by focusing on the historical struggles and differences not only among and within women writers but also among feminists themselves. In particular, I argue that the emphasis among many white feminists on both patriarchy as the primal oppression and psycho-analysis as the primary mode of conceptualizing women’s “experience” has tended to reduce all women writers to an economy of the same, trans-historicizing and universalizing the lives and works of women writers across race, class, sexual, and historically specific bounds. Moreover, I argue that under the influence of such French feminist theorists as Helene Cixous, Luce Irigaray, and Julia Kristeva, recent feminist representations of women’s literary history have tended to romanticize, matemalize, essentialize, and eternalize women writers and the relationships .among them in ways that have worked to reconstitute the very gender stereotypes and polarities that have been historically the ground of women’s oppression.
Differences That Kill: Elizabeth Bishop and Marianne Moore
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: November 2023

As a student at Vassar in the early thirties, Elizabeth Bishop and several other women, among them Mary McCarthy, Muriel Rukeyser, and Eleanor Clark, founded a literary magazine to protest the policies of the Vassar Review. “The regular literary magazine was dull and old-fashioned,” Bishop remembered. “Mary and Eleanor and I and several others decided to start one in competition. It was to be anonymous. We used to meet in a speakeasy and drink dreadful red wine and get slightly high We called the magazine Conspirito. We got out only three numbers, I think, but we prevailed” (Ashley Brown 7-8). The title Conspirito was, as sister conspirator Eunice Clark noted, “an almost Joycean palimpsest of meanings,” suggesting not only wine and spirits but also conspiracy, heady defiance, and the vigorous impulse with which this most distinguished group of women writers sought to oppose the dull conventionality and Amoldian pieties of the Vassar Review (Jessup 17).
Race, Black Women Writing, and Gwendolyn Brooks
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: November 2023

“Most of what passes for culture and thought on the North American continent” has enforced the nonexistence of black women, write Gloria Hull and Barbara Smith in the introduction to their important anthology All the Women Are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave (xvii). For black women writers, the marketplace economics of last hired, first fired has translated into a literary economics of exclusion and absence. From such early works of feminist literary criticism as Patricia Meyer Spacks’s The Female Imagination and Ellen Moers’s Literary Women: The Great Writers in the mid-seventies to recent works such as Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s No Man’s Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century, the writings of women of color have been given little or no place in white feminist revivals, revisions, and re-readings of women’s literary history. Women of color are subsumed within the category “Woman,” and the writings of predominantly white middle-class women are generalized and universalized into the female imagination, the literary woman, and the female literary tradition. In response to the invisibility of black women in white male and female literary criticism as well as in black male criticism, black feminist critics have called for a black feminist critical perspective that would be fully cognizant of the interlocking systems of race, class, and gender in the lives and writings of black women.