bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of tDCS on patients with disorders of consciousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Wei , Fan Yuanteng , Liao Zhenjun , Yin Yatao
Published: May 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving disorders of consciousness (DOCs), and to compare efficacy of the different etiologies of DOCs.

Design

Randomized controlled trials or crossover trials examining effects of tDCS in patients with DOCs were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The sample characteristics, etiology, tDCS treatment characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software.

Results

We included nine trials providing data with 331 participants and found that tDCS improved the Coma Recovery Scale- Revised (CRS-R) score of DOCs patients. We found a significant improvement of CRS-R score in the minimally conscious state (MCS) group (WMD = 0.77, 95%CI [0.30, 1.23], P = 0.001), but not in the VS/UWS group. The effects of tDCS are related to etiology, as the CRS-R score was improved in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) group (WMD = 1.18, 95%CI [0.60, 1.75], P < 0.001), but not in vascular accident and anoxia groups.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis revealed the evidence for positive effects of tDCS on DOCs without side-effects observed in MCS patients. In particular, tDCS may be an effective treatment in rehabilitating cognitive functions in people with TBI.
Impact of Prehabilitation on Postoperative Mortality and the Need for Non-Home Discharge in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Zarate Rodriguez Jorge G , Cos Heidy , Koenen Melanie , Cook Jennifer , Kasting Christina , Raper Lacey , Guthrie Tracey , Strasberg Steven M , Hawkins William G , Hammill Chet W , Fields Ryan C , Chapman William C , Eberlein Timothy J , Kozower Benjamin D , Sanford Dominic E
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

The preoperative period is an important target for interventions (eg Surgical Prehabilitation and Readiness [SPAR]) that can improve postoperative outcomes for older patients with comorbidities.

STUDY DESIGN:

To determine whether a preoperative multidisciplinary prehabilitation program (SPAR) reduces postoperative 30-day mortality and the need for non-home discharge in high-risk surgical patients, surgical patients enrolled in a prehabilitation program targeting physical activity, pulmonary function, nutrition, and mindfulness were compared with historical control patients from 1 institution’s American College of Surgeons (ACS) NSQIP database. SPAR patients were propensity score–matched 1:3 to pre-SPAR NSQIP patients, and their outcomes were compared. The ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator was used to compare observed-to-expected ratios for postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS:

A total of 246 patients were enrolled in SPAR. A 6-month compliance audit revealed that overall patient adherence to the SPAR program was 89%. At the time of analysis, 118 SPAR patients underwent surgery with 30 days of follow-up. Compared with pre-SPAR NSQIP patients (n = 4,028), SPAR patients were significantly older with worse functional status and more comorbidities. Compared with propensity score–matched pre-SPAR NSQIP patients, SPAR patients had significantly decreased 30-day mortality (0% vs 4.1%, p = 0.036) and decreased need for discharge to postacute care facilities (6.5% vs 15.9%, p = 0.014). Similarly, SPAR patients exhibited decreased observed 30-day mortality (observed-to-expected ratio 0.41) and need for discharge to a facility (observed-to-expected ratio 0.56) compared with their expected outcomes using the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator.

CONCLUSIONS:

The SPAR program is safe and feasible and may reduce postoperative mortality and the need for discharge to postacute care facilities in high-risk surgical patients.
Halomicroarcula laminariae sp. nov. and Halomicroarcula marina sp. nov., extremely halophilic archaea isolated from salted brown alga Laminaria and coastal saline-alkali lands
Authors: Ma Xue , Hu Yao , Li Xin-Xin , Tan Shun , Cheng Mu , Hou Jing , Cui Heng-Lin
Published: May 2023

Four extremely halophilic archaeal strains, LYG-108T, LYG-24, DT1T and YSSS71, were isolated from salted Laminaria produced in Lianyungang and saline soil from the coastal beach at Jiangsu, PR China. The four strains were found to be related to the current species of

Halomicroarcula

(showing 88.1–98.5% and 89.3–93.6% similarities, respectively) as revealed by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and rpoB′ genes. These phylogenies were fully supported by the phylogenomic analysis, and the overall genome-related indexes (average nucleotide identity, DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity) among these four strains and the

Halomicroarcula

species were 77–84 %, 23–30 % and 71–83 %, respectively, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Additionally, the phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that

Halomicroarcula salina

YGH18T is related to the current species of

Haloarcula

rather than those of

Halomicroarcula

,

Haloarcula salaria

Namwong et al. 2011 is a later heterotypic synonym of

Haloarcula argentinensis

Ihara et al. 1997, and

Haloarcula quadrata

Oren et al. 1999 is a later heterotypic synonym of

Haloarcula marismortui

Oren et al. 1990. The major polar lipids of strains LYG-108T, LYG-24, DT1T and YSSS71 were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulphate, sulphated mannosyl glucosyl diether and additional glycosyl-cardiolipins. All these results showed that strains LYG-108T (=CGMCC 1.13607T=JCM 32950T) and LYG-24 (=CGMCC 1.13605=JCM 32949) represent a new species of the genus

Halomicroarcula

, for which the name Halomicroarcula laminariae sp. nov. is proposed; strains DT1T (=CGMCC 1.18928T=JCM 35414T) and YSSS71 (=CGMCC 1.18783=JCM 34915) also represent a new species of the genus

Halomicroarcula

, for which the name Halomicroarcula marina sp. nov. is proposed.
Thermalbibacter longus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring
Authors: Zhao Zi-Yu , Wei Shuang-Long , Li Meng-Meng , Liu Lan , Su Qing-Yang , Jiao Jian-Yu , Lv Ai-Ping , OuYang Yu-Ting , Li Wen-Jun , Ming Hong
Published: May 2023

An isolate, designated CFH 74404T, was recovered from a hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the family

Thermomicrobiaceae

and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to

Thermorudis peleae

KI4T (93.6 %),

Thermorudis pharmacophila

WKT50.2T (93.1 %),

Thermomicrobium roseum

DSM 5159T (92.0 %) and

Thermomicrobium carboxidum

KI3T (91.7 %). The average amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity values between strain CFH 74404T and the closest relatives were 42.0–75.9 % and 67.0–77.3 %, respectively. Cells of strain CFH 74404T stained Gram-positive and were aerobic, non-motile and short rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 20–65 °C (optimum, 55 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with up to 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–1.0 %, w/v). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C18 : 0 (50.8 %) and C20 : 0 (16.8 %). The polar lipid profile of strain CFH 74404T included diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified phosphoglycolipids, phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified glycolipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 67.1 mol% based on the draft genome sequence. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses, it is concluded that strain CFH 74404T represents a new species of a novel genus Thermalbibacter of the family

Thermomicrobiaceae

, for which the name Thermalbibacter longus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH 74404T (=KCTC 62930T=CGMCC 1.61585T).
An unexpected abundance of bidirectional promoters within Salmonella Typhimurium plasmids
Authors: Middlemiss Alistair D. , Warman Emily A. , Forrest David , Haycocks James R. J. , Grainger David C.
Published: May 2023

Transcription of the DNA template, to generate an RNA message, is the first step in gene expression. The process initiates at DNA sequences called promoters. Conventionally, promoters have been considered to drive transcription in a specific direction. However, in recent work, we showed that many prokaryotic promoters can drive divergent transcription. This is a consequence of key DNA sequences for transcription initiation being inherently symmetrical. Here, we used global transcription start site mapping to determine the prevalence of such bidirectional promoters in

Salmonella

Typhimurium. Surprisingly, bidirectional promoters occur three times more frequently in plasmid components of the genome compared to chromosomal DNA. Implications for the evolution of promoter sequences are discussed.
Trajectories of multiple long-term conditions and mortality in older adults: A retrospective cohort study using English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Authors: Chalitsios Christos V. , Santoso Cornelia , Nartey Yvonne , Khan Nusrat , Simpson Glenn , Islam Nazrul , Stuart Beth , Farmer Andrew , Dambha-Miller Hajira
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To classify older adults with MLTC into clusters based on accumulating conditions as trajectories over time, characterise clusters and quantify associations between derived clusters and all-cause mortality.

Design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) over nine years (n=15,091 aged 50 years and older). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to classify people into MLTC clusters based on accumulating conditions over time. Derived clusters were used to quantify the associations between MLTC trajectory memberships, sociodemographic characteristics, and all-cause mortality.

Results

Five distinct clusters of MLTC trajectories were identified and characterised as: “no-LTC” (18.57%), “single-LTC” (31.21%), “evolving MLTC” (25.82%), “moderate MLTC” (17.12%), and “high MLTC” (7.27%). Increasing age was consistently associated with an increased number of MLTC. Female sex (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.01 to 1.27) and ethnic minority (aOR = 2.04; 95%CI 1.40 to 3.00) were associated with the “moderate MLTC” and “high MLTC” clusters, respectively. Higher education and paid employment were associated with a lower likelihood of progression over time towards an increased number of MLTC. All the clusters had higher all-cause mortality than the “no-LTC” cluster.

Conclusions

The development of MLTC and the increase in the number of conditions over time follow distinct trajectories. These are determined by non-modifiable (age, sex, ethnicity) and modifiable factors (education and employment). Stratifying risk through clustering will enable practitioners to identify older adults with a higher likelihood of worsening MLTC over time to tailor effective interventions.

Strengths and limitations

The main strength of the current study is the use of a large dataset, assessing longitudinal data to examine MLTC trajectories and a dataset that is nationally representative of people aged 50 years and older, including a wide range of long-term conditions and sociodemographics.

The measurement of MLTC was limited to ten long-term conditions, which was all of what was available in the English of Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which may not be exhaustive of all possible long-term conditions.
Mepolizumab induced changes in nasal methylome and transcriptome to predict response in asthma
Authors: Rakkar Kamini , Pang Yik Lam , Rajasekar Poojitha , Portelli Michael A , Hall Robert J , Clifford Rachel L , Shaw Dominick , Sayers Ian
Published: May 2023

Rationale

Mepolizumab is effective for a subset of severe asthma patients in reducing exacerbation frequency. Discovery of a predictive/early marker accurately identifying patients that will have a long-term beneficial clinical response would enable targeting of treatment.

Objectives

We aimed to characterise the nasal methylome and transcriptome post Mepolizumab and identify signatures related to responder/non-responder status.

Methods

Nasal brushes were taken at baseline (pre-drug) and following 3 months of treatment with Mepolizumab from patients with severe asthma. Both DNA and RNA were extracted. Gene expression was investigated using poly-A RNA sequencing (25M reads) and DNA methylation analysed using the EPIC Array.

Measurements and Main Results

27 paired samples were included, 17 patients were clinical responders and 10 were non-responders at one year. Differential gene expression and DNA methylation analyses identified 6719 genes and 53 CpG sites respectively that changed in response to Mepolizumab. There were 1784 genes which were unique to responders and 893 genes unique to non-responders. Pathway analyses revealed unique gene expression signatures. Respiratory disease associations and regulators of ongoing T2 inflammation pathway were still active in non-responders, and there was an inhibition of neutrophil activation pathways in responders.

Conclusions

There was a significant change in both the transcriptome and methylome in the nasal epithelium in patients three months post-Mepolizumab therapy suggesting broad effects on the airway epithelium in severe asthma. Responder and non-responder group analyses indicate there is a responder-specific gene expression profile that may aid in predicting response at one year.
Dual-topology of collagen XV and tenascin C acts in concert to guide and shape developing motor axons
Authors: Nemoz-Billet Laurie , Balland Martial , Gilquin Laurent , Gillet Benjamin , Stévant Isabelle , Guillon Emilie , Hughes Sandrine , Carpentier Gilles , Vaganay Elisabeth , Gonzalez-Melo Mary-Julieth , Koch Manuel , Ghavi-Helm Yad , Ruggiero Florence , Bretaud Sandrine
Published: May 2023

During development, motor axons are guided towards their muscle target by various extrinsic cues including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins those identities remain poorly documented. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing of differentiating slow muscle progenitors (SMP) in zebrafish, we charaterized the SMP as a major source of ECM proteins that were computationally predicted to form a basement membrane-like structure tailored for motor axon guidance. Multiplein vivoandin vitroapproaches further revealed that motor axon shape and growth relies on the timely expression of the attractive cue Collagen XV-B (ColXV-B) that locally provides motor axons with a permissive soft microenvironment and separately organizes the repulsive cue Tenascin C into a unique functional dual topology. Bioprinted micropatterns mimicking their unique topology provide compelling evidence that it represents a sufficient condition to elicit directional motor axon growth. Our study provides the first evidence that ECM topology and stiffness critically influence motor axon navigation in vertebrates with potential applications in regenerative medicine for peripheral nerve injury.
Covalent Targeting of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase to Inhibit Glutathione Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Lydia , Tang Michelle , Tao Xavier , Shao Qian , Thomas Vienna , Shimizu Saki , Kasano Miki , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Inukai Takayuki , Nomura Daniel K.
Published: May 2023

Dysregulated oxidative stress plays a major role in cancer pathogenesis and some types of cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to inhibiting cellular antioxidant capacity. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Developing a GCL inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for certain cancer types that are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. In this study, we reveal a cysteine-reactive covalent ligand EN25 that covalently targets an allosteric cysteine C114 on GCLM, the modifier subunit of GCL, leading to inhibition of GCL activity, lowering of cellular GSH levels, and impaired cell viability in ARID1A-deficient cancer cells that are particularly vulnerable to glutathione depletion, but not in ARID1A-positive cancer cells. Our studies uncover a novel potential ligandable site within GCLM that can be targeted to inhibit the GSH synthesis in cancer cells to target vulnerable cancer cell types.
State Variation in Neighborhood COVID-19 Burden: Findings from the COVID Neighborhood Project
Authors: Noppert Grace A , Clarke Philippa , Hoover Andrew , Kubale John , Melendez Robert , Duchowny Kate , Hegde Sonia T
Published: May 2023

A lack of fine, spatially-resolute case data for the U.S. has prevented the examination of how COVID-19 burden has been distributed across neighborhoods, a known geographic unit of both risk and resilience, and is hampering efforts to identify and mitigate the long-term fallout from COVID-19 in vulnerable communities. Using spatially-referenced data from 21 states at the ZIP code or census tract level, we documented how the distribution of COVID-19 at the neighborhood-level varies significantly within and between states. The median case count per neighborhood (IQR) in Oregon was 3,608 (2,487) per 100,000 population, indicating a more homogenous distribution of COVID-19 burden, whereas in Vermont the median case count per neighborhood (IQR) was 8,142 (11,031) per 100,000. We also found that the association between features of the neighborhood social environment and burden varied in magnitude and direction by state. Our findings underscore the importance of local contexts when addressing the long-term social and economic fallout communities will face from COVID-19.
Role of managerial innovativeness for small Finnish firms' product and market performance
Authors: Nisula Anna-Maija , Vanhala Mika , Hussinki Henri , Kianto Aino
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Successful firms are important sources of productivity, employment and economic stability in societies. As the micro-level origins of firm innovations are increasingly attracting attention amongst innovation scholars, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of managerial innovativeness, i.e. small firm managers' innovative behaviour for firm performance. Specifically, the present study investigates managerial innovativeness as a predictor of small firms' product innovativeness and market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This research model suggests that managerial innovativeness is positively linked to firms' market performance and that product innovativeness partially mediates the relationship between managerial innovativeness and market performance. The model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with a dataset (N = 93) collected from small logistics firms in South-Eastern Finland.

Findings

The findings support the authors' hypotheses and show that managerial innovativeness had a direct effect on firms' product innovativeness and market performance. The authors also found that firms' product innovativeness mediated the relationship between managerial innovativeness and firms' market performance.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies that shed light on and show that managerial innovativeness is significantly and positively related with small firms' product innovativeness and market performance, whereas earlier research tended to focus on managers' personalities, traits, characteristics or managerial actions, leaving managerial innovativeness unexplored.
Auditor choice in real estate firms: a quality signal?
Authors: Palm Peter , Bohman Helena
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Real estate is a capital-intensive industry for which the asset values tend to be highly volatile and uncertain. Transaction costs in the industry are therefore high, and transparency for investors may be low. The need to signal reliable estimates of property assets, in the communication to external stakeholders, can therefore be expected to be of extra importance in this sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how real estate firms use big four auditors to signal quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use Swedish firm level data containing all limited liability real estate companies in the country to determine the determinants of big four auditors. The data set consists of 34,306 observations and is analyzed through logit regressions.

Findings

The results show that big four companies are primarily contracted by large and mature companies, rather than new firms or firms with volatile financial records, although the latter could be expected to have a large need to signal quality. The authors also find that firms listed on the stock market and firms targeting public use real estate are more inclined to use big four companies.

Originality/value

Real estate is a capital-intensive industry for which the asset values tend to be highly volatile and uncertain. Transaction costs in the industry are therefore high, and transparency for investors may be low. The need to signal reliable estimates of property assets, in the communication to external stakeholders, can therefore be expected to be of extra importance in this sector. No prior study of this area has been detected.
Do free-floated shares and board characteristics influence corporate risk disclosure? An empirical analysis on conventional banks in a developing country
Authors: Radwan Elhassan Kotb Abdelrahman , Ali Nada Omar Hassan , Mohamed Mostafa Kayed Abdelazeem
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the status and drivers (including free-floated shares, board size, rule duality and board independence) of corporate risk disclosure (CRD) for the conventional listed banks in the Egyptian stock market from 2010 to 2021, which include the country’s major political upheavals and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study based on a sample of 117 annual reports of sampled banks from 2010 to 2021. RD index of Al-Maghzom (2016) was developed and adopted to quantify CRD using an unweighted scoring system. The multiple linear regression model was used to validate the hypotheses.

Findings

The analysis shows that the COVID-19 pandemic increased insignificantly disclosure of all risks except for segment risks. In addition, findings reveal that all sampled banks adhere highly to the requirements of mandatory RD, with a low level of adherence to voluntary RD. Moreover, the analysis concluded that the board size and free-floating shares positively affect the disclosure of financial, operational, general information.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s limitations include the content analysis methodology, reliance on annual reports, emphasis on financial and non-financial risks, focus on listed conventional banks in Egypt.

Practical implications

Current study’s findings are more likely to be useful for many parties. It informs investors about the characteristics of the boards’ directors of Egyptian listed banks that disclosed risk information. Banks should disclose more comprehensive risk information. For academics, the current study’s limitations can be considered in their future research.

Originality/value

This work fills a new research area in which there is relatively little research in emerging financial markets that adds new evidence to the relationship between RD and both free-floating shares and board characteristics, particularly in Egypt.
Workplace coaching to develop leadership flexibility: the impact of after-event review
Authors: Baron Louis , Boies Kathleen
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The main goal of this study was to determine whether coachees assigned to complete an after-event review (AER) to prepare for each coaching session would experience greater development in their leadership flexibility than participants assigned to a group experiencing process-oriented coaching without AERs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained using a quasi-experimental design with multi-source and longitudinal data, including 46 coachees and 103 external raters.

Findings

The AER was associated with greater improvement in leadership flexibility (forcing-enabling duality). In contrast, participants who did not use AER had lower leadership flexibility as assessed by external respondents. Leadership flexibility was associated with team performance and vitality.

Practical implications

Results show that during this process, clients' ownership of their development plan is reinforced, as is their capacity to internalize this process of reflection once the coaching is finished, thus allowing the development to continue beyond the approach.

Originality/value

These results are among the first to suggest that a specific structured facilitation process used by coaches may be more effective in the development of coachees than regular process-oriented coaching.
Exploring walkability research trends based on systematic literature review (SLR) by applying PRISMA
Authors: Hijriyah Linda , Alias Anuar , Mohd Sahabuddin Mohd Firrdhaus
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study intends to analyze the trend of walkability research over two years (2021–2022) in several aspects, including the research problem, gap and aim underlying walkability issues, research setting, the scale of analysis, the type of data, the data collection tool, the analysis method and contribution.

Design/methodology/approach

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is employed to conduct a systematic literature review from three leading databases including Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Sage.

Findings

From the review, it can be concluded that the research focuses on two aspects, namely, the built environment and people. The studies in this field are conducted at different scales of the built environment, from macroscale to microscale, including region, city, neighborhood and street-level studies that are conducted around the world including Asia, Europe and America which receive high attention from researchers. Meanwhile, the study of walkability in Australia and Africa gains less attention. It is revealed that there are four factors of walkability including land use and accessibility for macroscale which cover region, city and neighborhood, while street network and pedestrian infrastructure and facility are mainly analyzed for street-level. Most of the studies widely utilize a quantitative approach for analyzing physical walkability factors in a measurement-based approach by using certain tools/software, and a perception-based approach by using questionnaires.

Research limitations/implications

The findings can assist to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific publications and help accelerate the understanding of particular ideas in the field of walkability for the planning and design practice and policy that can be used by researchers/academia, urban designers, urban planners, architects, engineers and policymakers. Also, this study hopefully could assist further research direction for the future and could add value to a more advanced way of understanding the research on walkability.

Originality/value

This research provides a robust framework for walkability trend analysis and a comprehensive understanding of the main ideas from the existing research on walkability worldwide.
Combination of SVI/S′ and diagnostic scores for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Mu Guanyu , Wang Weiding , Liu Changle , Xie Juan , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xiaowei , Che Jingjin , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Li Guangping , Fu Huaying , Chen Kangyin
Published: May 2023

The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a challenge. There are three methods proposed as diagnostic tools. H2FPEF score was determined by six weighted clinical characteristics and echocardiographic variables. Heart Failure Association (HFA)‐PEFF algorithm consists of various functional and morphological variables as well as natriuretic peptides. SVI/S′ is a novel echocardiographic parameter calculated by stroke volume index and mitral annulus systolic peak velocity. This study aimed to compare the three approaches in patients with suspected HFpEF. Patients referred to right heart catheterization for suspected HFpEF were classified into low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐likelihood groups according to H2FPEF or HFA‐PEFF scores. A diagnosis of HFpEF was confirmed by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of ≥15 mm Hg according to the guidelines. In result, a total of 128 patients were included. Of these, 71 patients with PCWP ≥15 mm Hg and 57 patients with PCWP <15 mm Hg. Moderate correlations were observed between H2FPEF score, HFA‐PEFF score, SVI/S′ and PCWP. The area under curve of SVI/S′ was 0.82 for diagnosis of HFpEF, compared with 0.67 for H2FPEF score and 0.75 for HFA‐PEFF score by receiver‐operating characteristics analysis. Combining SVI/S′ with diagnostic scores showed higher Youden index and accuracy than each score alone. Kaplan–Meier analysis reported that the high‐likelihood group showed poorer outcomes regardless the method used for diagnosis. Among the contemporary tools for identifying HFpEF in this study, the combination of SVI/S′ with risk scores showed best diagnostic ability. Each of the strategies can determine rehospitalisation because of heart failure.
Public service motivation helps: Understanding the influence of public employees’ perceived overqualification on turnover intentions
Authors: Bao Yuanjie , Zhong Wei
Published: May 2023

Perceived overqualification is an important phenomenon that can lead to several undesirable outcomes; however, this phenomenon has received little research attention from public administration (PA) scholars. This study aims to investigate whether perceived overqualification rendered turnover intentions through eliciting negative affect, and whether public service motivation mitigated those detrimental effects. Analysis of survey data from 418 Chinese public employees supported our predictions. Results indicated that although perceived overqualification led to turnover intention partially through eliciting negative affect, public service motivation helped to mitigate these impairments. These findings suggest that although employees who are overqualified may decide to leave public service jobs, those with high public service motivation are less likely to do so due to their desire to do good for the public. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Points for practitioners

Public managers should pay close attention to possible overqualifications because it may lead to turnover intention among employees.

Public managers should periodically survey the affective states of employees.

Selection and socialisation based on public service motivation should be encouraged.
The effects of immigration enforcement on traffic stops: Changing driver or police behavior?
Authors: van Tiem Britte
Published: May 2023

Research Summary

This research asks whether jail‐based immigration enforcement leads to the profiling of Hispanics by municipal police. I leverage a natural experiment to examine the effects of 287(g) jail partnerships on traffic stops and arrests by municipal police in North Carolina in the late 2000s. I find that stops of Hispanic drivers fell in the wake of 287(g) agreements, and show that this fall was driven by changes in Hispanic road use. While I cannot unambiguously disentangle police and driver behavior, I find no evidence that municipal police officers increased pretextual stops and arrests of Hispanic drivers.

Policy Implications

While there is existing evidence of racial profiling under 287(g) agreements by sheriff's deputies, this behavior does not appear to have extended to nonsignatory municipal police agencies. Despite this, the signing of 287(g) agreements appears to have prompted Hispanic outmigration and changes in driving behavior, adding to a growing body of evidence on the ripple effects of local‐federal immigration enforcement partnerships in Hispanic communities. This serves as a reminder that changes in demographic composition of the immigrant population may mediate the effects of immigration enforcement efforts on other outcomes.
Multicentre Delphi study of physicians resulted in quality indicators for young infants with fever without source in emergency departments
Authors: Velasco Roberto , Lejarzegi Ainara , Andina David , Gomez Borja , Izarzugaza Estíbaliz , Mintegi Santiago ,   the Spanish Pediatric Emergency Research Network Febrile Infant Study Group
Published: May 2023

Aim

Managing febrile infants has evolved without a generally accepted standard of care. We aimed to design quality indicators for managing infants ≤90 days old presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with fever without source.

Methods

This multicentre Delphi study was carried out by the Febrile Infant Study Group of the Spanish Paediatric Emergency Research Network, from March 2021 to November 2021, and included paediatric emergency physicians from 24 Spanish EDs. A list of care standards was produced, following an extensive literature review and the involvement of all parties. Indicators were essential if they were voted by four panelists and also received a score of ≥4 from at least 95% of the 24 investigators.

Results

We established 20 indicators, including one related to having a protocol, two to triage, nine to diagnostic processes, six to treatment and two to disposition. The following indicators were considered essential: having an ED management protocol, performing urinalysis on every infant, obtaining a blood culture from every infant and administering antibiotics in the ED to any febrile infant who did not appear well.

Conclusion

The Delphi method resulted in a comprehensive list of quality indicators for managing febrile young infants in Spanish EDs.
Differential impact of chief executive officer tenure on the firm's external and internal corporate social responsibility: Moderating effects of firm's visibility and slack
Authors: Al‐Shammari Marwan , Banerjee Soumendra , Caldas Miguel , Swimberghe Krist
Published: May 2023

Inconsistent corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices across stakeholder groups may induce undesired consequences for the firm. This study investigates the longitudinal and differential effect of chief executive officer (CEO) tenure on external and internal CSR and the moderating effects of two important contingencies relevant to the firm's social investments: firm visibility and slack availability. It presents CEO tenure as an important upper echelon factor that may induce differential preferences toward external and internal CSR and, therefore, CSR inconsistencies. Accordingly, it proposes two important and relevant contingencies and provides additional evidence on how a firm's visibility and slack availability could affect CEO tenure‐related differential behaviors. The findings contribute to studies on the temporal orientations of CEOs and how they impact firm strategic behavior. They also contribute to the literature on firm visibility and slack and how they may interact with certain upper echelon characteristics and affect firm behaviors. The analysis cautions against the perceptions of the relationships between firm‐ and CEO‐level variables and a firm's aggregate CSR.
Autistic traits and self‐conscious emotions in early childhood
Authors: van Trigt Shanna , Colonnesi Cristina , Brummelman Eddie , Jorgensen Terrence D. , Nikolić Milica
Published: May 2023

Self‐conscious emotions arise from evaluating the self through the eyes of others. Given that children with autistic traits may experience difficulties with understanding others' minds, they might show less attuned self‐conscious emotions. Two‐to‐five‐year‐old children's (N = 98, Mage = 48.54 months, 50% girls, 92% White) self‐conscious emotions (guilt, embarrassment, and shame‐like avoidance) were observed after children “broke” the experimenter's favorite toy. Data were collected from March 2018 till June 2019. Children with more autistic traits showed less theory of mind (ToM), and more shame‐like avoidance, but associations were not mediated by ToM. This provides initial evidence that children with more autistic traits may show disturbances in some but not all self‐conscious emotions, which could hinder their social functioning.
Preschoolers rely on rich speech representations to process variable speech
Authors: Cychosz Margaret , Mahr Tristan , Munson Benjamin , Newman Rochelle , Edwards Jan R.
Published: May 2023

To learn language, children must map variable input to categories such as phones and words. How do children process variation and distinguish between variable pronunciations (“shoup” forsoup) versus new words? The unique sensory experience of children with cochlear implants, who learn speech through their device's degraded signal, lends new insight into this question. In a mispronunciation sensitivity eyetracking task, children with implants (N = 33), and typical hearing (N = 24; 36–66 months; 36F, 19M; all non‐Hispanic white), with larger vocabularies processed known words faster. But children with implants were less sensitive to mispronunciations than typical hearing controls. Thus, children of all hearing experiences use lexical knowledge to process familiar words but require detailed speech representations to process variable speech in real time.
Children seek help based on how others learn
Authors: Bridgers Sophie , De Simone Costanza , Gweon Hyowon , Ruggeri Azzurra
Published: May 2023

Do children consider how others learned when seeking help? Across three experiments, German children (N = 536 3‐to‐8 year olds, 49% female, majority White, tested 2017–2019) preferred to learn from successful active learners selectively by context: They sought help solving a problem from a learner who had independently discovered the solution to a previous problem over those who had learned through instruction or observation, but only when the current problem was novel, yet related, to the learners' problem (Experiment 1). Older, but not younger, children preferred the active learner even when she was offered help (Experiment 2), though only when her discovery was deliberate (Experiment 3). Although a preference to learn from successful active learners emerges early, a genuine appreciation for process beyond outcome increases across childhood.
The influence of social status on children's merit‐based resource allocation: The potential explanation of expectation
Authors: Zhang Xuran , Corbit John , Xiao Xue , Li Yanfang
Published: May 2023

How 3‐ to 11‐year‐old children integrate recipients' merit and social status when allocating resources was examined in 2021 and 2022. Study 1 (Han Chinese, n = 309, 150 girls) showed that while children prioritized merit, they developed from favoring high‐status recipients to favoring low‐status recipients. Study 2 (n = 194, 98 girls) and Study 3 (n = 138, 68 girls) revealed that children held stereotypes about the relation between merit and social status which shifted with age from expecting high‐status peers to expecting low‐status peers to work harder, these expectations corresponded allocation decisions. These findings suggest children shift from perpetuating to rectifying inequity and changing stereotypes about people of different social status may serve an important function in the process.
Oral discourse skills: Dimensionality of comprehension and retell of narrative and expository texts, and the relations of language and cognitive skills to identified dimensions
Authors: Kim Young‐Suk Grace
Published: May 2023

We examined the dimensionality of oral discourse skills (comprehension and retell of texts) and the relations of language and cognitive skills to the identified dimensions. Data were from 529 English‐speaking second graders (Mage = 7.42; 46% female; 52.6% Whites, 33.8% African Americans, 4.9% Hispanics, 4.7% two or more races, .8% Asian Americans, .6% American Indians, .2% Native Hawaiians, 2.5% unknown; data from 2014–2015 to 2016–2017). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that oral discourse skills are best described as four related but dissociable dimensions of narrative comprehension, narrative retell, expository comprehension, and expository retell (rs = .59–.84). Language and cognitive skills had different patterns of relations to the identified dimensions and explained larger amounts of variance in comprehension than in retell.
The role of the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector in Early Help: Critical reflections from embedded social care research
Authors: El‐Hoss Thomas , Thomas Felicity , Gradinger Felix , Hughes Susanne
Published: May 2023

The independent review of children's social care (2022) has proposed a radical reset of England's children's services, shifting a remote, assessment heavy system towards one that works alongside communities to help prevent statutory interventions. However, notions around the harnessing of community resources to deliver Early Help are often underpinned by assumptions regarding the voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) sector and the ease with which such organizations can be integrated into preventative strategies. This paper reports findings from embedded research within a unitary authority in Southwest England during remodelling of its Early Help service to work more collaboratively with local VCSE organizations. The study generated data from ethnographic observations, semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with 95 participants, including local parents, service providers, VCSE organizations and Council leaders. The findings illustrate that families value the compassionate, responsive and flexible support available within many VCSE settings. However, differences in practice cultures, regulatory pressures on statutory providers, the need to (re)build trust in communities and sensitivities around power‐sharing and resourcing meant negotiating VCSE sector integration was fraught with complexities. Few studies have gained such privileged access to a Local Authority's remodelling of Early Help services, and this paper has significant insights for the debates surrounding the independent review of children's social care (2022) and its recommendation to bring services ‘closer to communities’.
Evaluating pollution‐related damage and restoration success in urban forests with participatory monitoring and digital tools
Authors: Reyes‐Galindo Verónica , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo , Carrasco Nava Karina , De‐la‐Rosa‐González Alejandra Elizabeth , Flores Flores David , Martínez Mauricio , Monroy‐De‐la‐Rosa Luis Alberto , Morelos Zamora Miguel Ángel , Ramírez Morales Billy Emmanuel , Ramírez Morales Oliver Tanui , Rodríguez María del Pilar , Salazar Zamora Maurilio , Zamora Callejas Claudio , Zamora Callejas Rafael , Zamora César , Zamora Tonatiuh , González‐Camacho Victor Alejandro , Rebollo Erick , Torres‐Jardón Ricardo , Wegier Ana , Mastretta‐Yanes Alicia
Published: May 2023

Peri‐urban forest monitoring requires indicators of vegetation damage. An example is the sacred fir (Abies religiosa) forests surrounding Mexico City, which have been heavily exposed to tropospheric ozone, a harmful pollutant, for over 4 decades. We developed a participatory monitoring system with which local community members and scientists generated data on ozone tree damage. Santa Rosa Xochiac rangers (13) used the digital tool KoboToolBox to record ozone damage to trees, tree height, tree ages, tree condition, tree position, and whether the tree had been planted. Thirty‐five percent of the trees (n = 1765) had ozone damage. Younger trees had a lower percentage of foliage damaged by ozone than older trees (p < 0.0001), and asymptomatic trees tended to be younger (p < 0.0001). Symptomatic trees were taller than asymptomatic trees of the same age (R2c = 0.43, R2m = 0.27). Involving local communities facilitated forest monitoring and using digital technology improved data quality. This participatory system can be used to monitor forest condition change over time and thus aids restoration efforts driven by government or local communities’ interests, facilitating local decision‐making.
Incorporating multidimensional behavior into a risk management tool for a critically endangered and migratory species
Authors: Barbour Nicole , Shillinger George L. , Gurarie Eliezer , Hoover Aimee L. , Gaspar Philippe , Temple‐Boyer Julien , Candela Tony , Fagan William F. , Bailey Helen
Published: May 2023

Conservation of migratory species exhibiting wide‐ranging and multidimensional behaviors is challenged by management efforts that only utilize horizontal movements or produce static spatial–temporal products. For the deep‐diving, critically endangered eastern Pacific leatherback turtle, tools that predict where turtles have high risks of fisheries interactions are urgently needed to prevent further population decline. We incorporated horizontal–vertical movement model results with spatial–temporal kernel density estimates and threat data (gear‐specific fishing) to develop monthly maps of spatial risk. Specifically, we applied multistate hidden Markov models to a biotelemetry data set (n = 28 leatherback tracks, 2004–2007). Tracks with dive information were used to characterize turtle behavior as belonging to 1 of 3 states (transiting, residential with mixed diving, and residential with deep diving). Recent fishing effort data from Global Fishing Watch were integrated with predicted behaviors and monthly space‐use estimates to create maps of relative risk of turtle–fisheries interactions. Drifting (pelagic) longline fishing gear had the highest average monthly fishing effort in the study region, and risk indices showed this gear to also have the greatest potential for high‐risk interactions with turtles in a residential, deep‐diving behavioral state. Monthly relative risk surfaces for all gears and behaviors were added to South Pacific TurtleWatch (SPTW) (https://www.upwell.org/sptw), a dynamic management tool for this leatherback population. These modifications will refine SPTW's capability to provide important predictions of potential high‐risk bycatch areas for turtles undertaking specific behaviors. Our results demonstrate how multidimensional movement data, spatial–temporal density estimates, and threat data can be used to create a unique conservation tool. These methods serve as a framework for incorporating behavior into similar tools for other aquatic, aerial, and terrestrial taxa with multidimensional movement behaviors.
A rare case of echo enhancing agent anaphylaxis complicated by acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Steinhauer Rachael , Miyashita Satoshi , Chweich Haval , Ortoleva Jamel , Downey Brian C
Published: May 2023

Enhancing agents in echocardiography are used frequently to improve endocardial border visualization and assessment of structural heart disease. We present a unique case of anaphylactic shock with acute coronary syndrome following administration of sulfur hexafluoride echo enhancing agent. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing anaphylaxis to enhancing agents, as well as recognizing the potential relationship between anaphylaxis and acute coronary syndrome with in‐stent thrombosis.