bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supposititious Sarcasm Detection and Sentiment Analysis Coping Hindi Language in Social Networks Harnessing Zipf- Mandelbrot Probabilistic Optimisation and Perplexity Entropy Learning
Authors: Pokhriyal Himani , Jain Goonjan
Published: January 2025

Sarcasm is used to convey contempt via poking and ridiculing the other person. It is frequently used to make fun of other people by saying unpleasant things. The presence of informal language patterns, modified vocabulary, and speech-text utilized in online communities makes sarcasm detection a challenging task. Due to the occupancy of these terms in the conversation it is challenging to understand and identify sarcasm. Further, sarcasm detection in Hindi, a native Indian language is itself a challenging task to perform. This study proposes a novel method for sarcasm detection in Hindi comments taken from social networking sites using probabilistic non-linear optimization technique. The encapsulations of word embedding algorithms infused in an optimization problem is used for sarcasm detection. The Hindi datasets, i.e., news headlines and Twitter comments are utilized for sarcasm detection. The outcomes of proposed method is assessed using a variety of learning metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score surpassing the existing state-of-the-art methods. Performing ablation study and statistical validation tests within real-world social network confirms the efficacy and reliability of the proposed method. The proposed method gives an outstanding F1 scores of 0.9316% and 0.9359% on Dataset-1 and Dataset-2.
An Efficient Area and Reliability Optimization Method for MPRM Circuits Based on High-dimensional Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Jiang Jianhui , He Zhenxue , Zhang Ying , Chen Chengcheng , Shi Zhanhui , Zhang Wei , Yang Keying
Published: January 2025

Area and reliability optimization have become the primary constraints in circuits logic synthesis. To address the increasing area and transient fault susceptibility in combinational circuits, we propose a high-dimensional genetic algorithm (HGA). HGA adopts an evolutionary scheme based on ternary tree, and uses adaptive crossover operator and flight operator to jump out of local optimum. Moreover, based on the HGA, we propose an area and reliability optimization method (AROM) for mixed polarity Reed-Muller logic circuits, which searches the best polarity with minimum area and soft error rate. The experimental results confirm that AROM can search for more desirable nondominated solutions in less time compared to existing optimization methods, and can be used as an effective electronic design automation tool for multi-objective optimization.
Self- and Observer Reports of Personality
Authors: Ashton Michael C. , Lee Kibeom
Published: January 2025

People's personality trait levels are often assessed by obtaining self-reports or observer (informant) reports on questionnaires (inventories). When the target person is closely acquainted with the observer—as in the case of spouses, close relatives, or close friends—several findings are obtained for full-length measures of the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) or HEXACO personality factors. First, mean scores tend to be comparable between self-reports and observer reports, although Openness to Experience tends to be higher in self-reports than in observer reports. Also, self/observer agreement (in the sense of convergent correlations) tends to be rather high, albeit somewhat lower for cooperation-related traits (HEXACO Honesty-Humility, HEXACO Agreeableness, Big Five Agreeableness) than for other traits. Finally, Openness to Experience and Honesty-Humility (and, to some extent, Big Five Agreeableness) show some degree of similarity and assumed similarity between closely acquainted persons.
The Electroactive Species and Electrolyte Solution Chemistry Importance in Non-Aqueous Mg Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Dlugatch Ben , Kumar Yogendra , Attias Ran , Salama Michael , Bravo-Zhivotovskia Dmitry , Noked Malachi , Aurbach Doron
Published: January 2025

The chemistry of the electrolyte solutions that enable reversible Mg deposition is not trivial. Such solutions are currently limited to ethereal solvents and most of them contain chlorides complexes. These ionic complexes have important role in the performance. However, the presence of chlorides in these solutions complicates the cathode side because such solutions are not compatible with the commonly used metallic current collectors for cathodes. Consequently, it is questionable whether it is possible to synthesize fully functional Cl-free electrolyte solutions suitable commercial Mg-ion batteries. Noked et al. reported that by adding DME to the precursor electrolyte [Mg2Cl3*6THF]+ [Ph3AlCl]- in THF, it was possible to create a new electroactive complex Mg salt, namely, [Mg-3.DME]2+ 2[AlPh3Cl]-, which solution performs better than the precursor’s solution. This solution introduces a new case of chlorides free electrolyte solution, with stabilized Mg2+ cations and anions containing chloride ligands which cannot lead to corrosion phenomena. In this work a full evaluation of selected electrolyte solution was carried out, considering rigorously the role of the electroactive species and the anion complexes in the electrochemical process. In addition, we study the effect of the anion on the electrochemical performance by comparing this solution with other previously presented solutions.
Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol in Real Samples Using Sensor Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Chitosan@SiO2-APTES Composite: Synthesis, Characterization and Analytical Applications
Authors: Dhaffouli Afef , Ali Emna , Moussaoui Younes , Holzinger Michael , Salazar-Carballo Pedro A. , Carinelli Soledad , Barhoumi Houcine
Published: January 2025

Paracetamol (PA), commonly known as acetaminophen, is used for a variety of therapeutic applications. However, excessive or inappropriate use can lead to liver and kidney damage, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurement of its concentration in biological samples. In this study, we developed a rapid, simple, and highly sensitive voltammetric method using chemically-modified electrodes to detect PA in complex matrices such as human serum and commercial solid formulations. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with a chitosan-silica nanoparticle composite functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane groups (chitosan@SiO2-APTES). The properties of the modified electrode and PA detection were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Kinetic studies provided further insight into the electrochemical behavior of the electrode and improved its characterization. With this method, detection and quantification limits of only 0.025 μM were achieved under optimized conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the ideal linear concentration range for PA detection is between 0.025 and 0.5 μM and between 0.5 and 2.5 μM. Thus, this approach is ideal for the accurate quantification of PA in reference tablet formulations and for the analysis of real samples for validation purposes.
Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Silver on Carbon Screen Printed Electrodes: Interpretation of Current Transients Obtained at Low Overpotentials
Authors: Nakova A. , Atanasova-Vladimirova S. , Ranguelov B. , Tsakova V.
Published: January 2025

Potentiostatic current transients of silver nucleation and growth were obtained on carbon screen printed electrodes (SPE) consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and mesoporous carbon. Data for the number of deposited silver particles were obtained by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. All three types of SPE show the presence of large (μm-sized) crystals with surface density of about 105 cm−2 together with much smaller silver particles with sizes typically below 80 nm and surface density in the 108 cm−2 range. The different carbon structures do not affect the shape and size of the large crystals but influence the size and extent of aggregation of the nanometer-sized ones. The current transients are interpreted by the Scharifker-Mostany model for multiple nucleation and diffusion limited growth and data for the nucleation rate per active site (A) and number of active sites for nucleation (N0) were obtained. It was found that the numbers of micron-sized crystals correspond to the calculated data for N0. The physical meaning of the quantities A and N0, obtained by fitting current transients with maxima, was critically assessed. The long-time behavior of the current transients was analyzed and evidence for diffusion at nonzero surface concentration of the silver ions was obtained.
Rhamnogalacturonan promotes intestinal mucosal repair through increased cell migration
Authors: Baggio Cristiane H. , Shang Judie , Périco Larissa L. , dos Santos Raquel C. , Gordon Marilyn H. , Da Luz Bruna B. , Stephens Matthew , Nascimento Adamara M. , Werner Maria Fernanda P. , von der Weid Pierre-Yves , Cipriani Thales R. , MacNaughton Wallace K.
Published: January 2025

RGal increases wound healing in colon cancer cell lines and primary cells through increased cell migration and participation of important pretranscriptional signaling pathways and the transcription factor NF-κB. In addition, RGal also accelerates intestinal mucosal healing of male mice with DSS-induced colitis.
Effect of condensed heat acclimation on thermophysiological adaptations, hypoxic cross-tolerance, exercise performance, and deacclimation
Authors: Stevens Charlotte E. , Costello Joseph T. , Tipton Michael J. , Walker Ella F. , Gould Alex A. M. , Young John S. , Lee Ben J. , Williams Thomas B. , Myers Fiona A. , Corbett Jo
Published: January 2025

This study has shown, for the first time, that a novel condensed heat acclimation program can elicit an array of thermophysiological adaptations, many of which do not differ from traditional heat acclimation. These findings suggest that accumulated thermal “dose” is an important factor contributing to the adaptive responses to heat stress and that condensed heat acclimation may represent a viable option for time-restricted individuals (e.g., military personnel, firefighters, and athletes) preparing to enter a hot environment.
Ketone monoester ingestion improves cardiac function in adults with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Perissiou M. , Saynor Z. L. , Feka K. , Edwards C. , James T. J. , Corbett J. , Mayes H. , Shute J. , Cummings M. , Black M. I. , Strain W. D. , Little J. P. , Shepherd A. I.
Published: January 2025

For the first time, we show that acute ketone monoester ingestion (Kme) can increase cardiac output and stroke volume and reduce systemic vascular resistance at rest and during exercise in sodium glucose transporter inhibitors naïve (i.e. no drug-induced ketosis) people with type 2 diabetes. Acute Kme ingestion improves peripheral skeletal muscle oxygenation during moderate intensity and maximal exercise. Kme has no effect on macro- or microvascular endothelial function in people with type 2 diabetes.
Remote ischemic preconditioning attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced reductions in vascular function through release of endogenous opioids
Authors: Rosenberg Alexander J. , Fernandez Alexander , Moody Ayrion W. , Sprick Justin D.
Published: January 2025

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a cardioprotective therapy characterized by brief cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion. We demonstrate that a single bout of arm RIPC provides protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced reductions in vascular function in healthy adults. This protection was attenuated when RIPC was administered in the presence of systemic opioid-receptor blockade via intranasal naloxone. These findings suggest that endogenous opioids contribute to RIPC-induced protection of vascular function in humans.
Emerging evidence on the effects of electrode arrangements and other parameters on the application of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation
Authors: Gigliotti Andrea , Pereira Hugo M.
Published: January 2025

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (TSDCS) has the potential to modulate spinal circuits and induce functional changes in humans. Nevertheless, differences across studies on basic parameters used and obtained metrics represent a confounding factor. Computer simulations are instrumental in improving the application of the TSDCS technique. Their findings allow a better interpretation of the tissue conductivities heterogeneity. Emerging findings indicate the electric field is maximal in the segments located between the electrodes, and that factors such as the depth of the targeted area, and location of the electrodes on low conductive points, such as the spinous processes, may impact the electric field generated in the spinal cord, with consequences for thoracic versus lumbar or cervical applications. Recently, growing attention has been directed toward the importance of the TSDCS reference electrode’s position and its influence on the current field properties at the targeted site. This review highlights the influence of dosage, polarity, and electrode position on the variety of TSDCS results in healthy and some clinical populations. Based on the available evidence, we suggest that although the current dosage appears to have a negligible effect, the variety of electrode montages and configurations of TSDCS can significantly impact the electric field distributions and potentially explain the conflicting results of experimental studies. Future human trials should systematically and thoughtfully evaluate the location of TSDCS electrodes based on the targeted neural structures.
Microglial modulation of neuronal network function and plasticity
Authors: Peña-Ortega Fernando
Published: January 2025

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), which have been classically viewed as involved in CNS responses to damage and tissue repair. However, microglia are constantly sensing neuronal network activity and changes in the CNS milieu, establishing complex state-dependent microglia-neuron interactions that impact their functions. By doing so, microglia perform a wide range of physiological roles, including brain homeostasis maintenance, control of neural connectivity, network function modulation, as well as functional and morphological plasticity regulation in health and disease. Here, the author reviews recent evidence of the modulations induced by microglia, a highly heterogeneous cell type, on synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties, and on neuronal network patterns during perinatal development and adulthood. The reviewed evidence clearly indicates that microglia are important, if not essential, for brain function and plasticity in both health and disease.
Knowledge‐Grounded Attention‐Based Neural Machine Translation Model
Authors: Israr Huma , Khan Safdar Abbas , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Ahmad Muneer , Zain Jasni Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Neural machine translation (NMT) model processes sentences in isolation and ignores additional contextual or side information beyond sentences. The input text alone often provides limited knowledge to generate contextually correct and meaningful translation. Relying solely on the input text could yield translations that lack accuracy. Side information related to either source or target side is helpful in the context of NMT. In this study, we empirically show that training an NMT model with target‐side additional information used as knowledge can significantly improve the translation quality. The acquired knowledge is leveraged in the encoder‐/decoder‐based model utilizing multiencoder framework. The additional encoder converts knowledge into dense semantic representation called attention. These attentions from the input sentence and additional knowledge are then combined into a unified attention. The decoder generates the translation by conditioning on both the input text and acquired knowledge. Evaluation of translation from Urdu to English with a low‐resource setting yields promising results in terms of both perplexity reduction and improved BLEU scores. The proposed models in the respective group outperform in LSTM and GRU with attention mechanism by +3.1 and +2.9 BLEU score, respectively. Extensive analysis confirms our claim that the translations influenced by additional information may occasionally contain rare low‐frequency words and faithful translation. Experimental results on a different language pair DE‐EN demonstrate that our suggested method is more efficient and general.
Boosting Growth, Muscle Development, and Intestinal Morphology in Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius) With Dietary Synbiotics
Authors: Islam Md. Hamidul , Linda Sadia Salam , Khan Mohd Golam Quader , Islam M. Sadiqul
Published: January 2025

This study examined the impact of dietary synbiotics on the growth performance, muscle proliferation, and intestinal histomorphology of Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius). Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, are thought to enhance fish health by improving a balanced gut microbiota. Four experimental diets were prepared with different concentrations of synbiotics (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and fed to this fish over a 45‐day period. Growth performance of the fish significantly improved as the level of synbiotics in their diet increased. Key metrics like final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and food conversion ratio all showed improvement. The diet containing 8% synbiotics resulted in the highest growth rates. A second‐order polynomial regression of SGR revealed that the optimal growth occurred when the diet included ~8% of synbiotics. Histological analysis revealed that the 8% synbiotic diet led to the greatest increases in villi length, villi width, and goblet cell numbers, indicating enhanced gut health and nutrient absorption. Liver histology showed improved hepatocyte health, while muscle tissue analysis demonstrated higher muscle cell counts with higher synbiotic inclusion. These findings suggest that dietary synbiotics can effectively boost growth performance, intestinal structure, and tissue development in Gangetic mystus, offering potential benefits for aquaculture practices. Future research should explore the long‐term effects and applicability of synbiotics across various fish species and environmental conditions.
Zooplankton in Aquaculture: A Perspective on Nutrition and Cost‐Effectiveness
Authors: Khan Najmus Sakib , Rahman Mohammad Shamsur
Published: January 2025

Successful aquaculture relies on effective feeding strategies for target species, from the larval stage through to sexually mature adults, in both marine and freshwater environments. Aquatic organisms, particularly larvae, instinctively prefer live feeds like algae and zooplankton; larvae are entirely dependent on live feeds due to their undeveloped digestive systems and lack of essential digestive enzymes. Additionally, fishes and crustaceans require essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals for sexual maturity and giving birth to healthy offspring. Zooplankton plays an important role at larval feeding stages in cost‐effective aquaculture. Rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and Artemia are commonly applied in larval rearing. However, naturally live feeds are deficient in valuable nutrients. Consequently, live feeds are improved with essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids through bio‐enrichments and algal diets for better performance. Aquaculturists primarily prefer zooplankton as live prey of larvae in fish and crustacean hatcheries because larvae requires essential digestive enzymes. They always give priority to artificial feeds with minimum live feeds to maximize profit by lowering the cost. Remarkable case studies are discussed on cost‐effectiveness of zooplankton in sustainable aquaculture in this manuscript. Therefore, zooplankton as live feed could be a better choice for their nutritional value, palatability, natural availability, and cost‐effectiveness. The notable opportunities, challenges, and advanced researches in live feed culture are also described in this current study. Artificial feed probably is a key stroke or booster tool for rapid profit, but live feeds such as zooplankton ensure the nutritional quality for sustainable aquaculture and satisfactory profit.
Urban Traffic Accident Frequency Modeling: An Improved Spatial Matrix Construction Method
Authors: Gan Jing , Su Qing , Li Linheng , Ju Yanni , Li Linchao
Published: January 2025

Spatial correlation is a critical factor in establishing accurate traffic accident analysis models, with the choice of measurement method significantly influencing the results. Despite the central role of roads as the primary conduit for traffic flow and a direct exposure variable in accidents, their impact on spatial correlation in accident analysis has not been fully explored. This study introduces an innovative spatial correlation matrix, termed the road matrix, which incorporates shared road lengths between grids to enhance accident prediction accuracy. The model examines the relationship between traffic accidents and various predictor variables, including land use, road networks, and public transportation facilities. Compared to traditional spatial correlation methods such as the rook and queen matrices, the road matrix provides a more precise characterization of spatial dependencies and significantly improves accident frequency estimation. Notably, the application of the road matrix within a conditional autoregressive (CAR) model uncovers additional significant contributors to traffic accidents, such as the number of interchanges and the length of nonexpress arterial roads. These findings offer new insights and practical recommendations for urban planning and traffic safety management. The study provides a valuable reference for future research on traffic accident frequencies and offers guidance for the design of more effective traffic safety measures.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated With Anti‐PL‐7 Antisynthetase Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Shiu Paul , Iriza Shannon , Templeton Steven
Published: January 2025

Background: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a potentially life‐threatening condition which can present with hemoptysis, diffuse alveolar infiltrates, anemia, and hypoxic respiratory failure. Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) is a rare autoimmune disorder most often characterized by nonerosive arthritis, proximal muscle weakness with elevated muscle enzymes, Raynaud’s phenomenon, hyperkeratosis of the digits (mechanic’s hands), and interstitial lung disease. According to large population studies, AS has an annual incidence of 0.56 per 100,000 persons and prevalence of 9 per 100,000. The most common autoantibody is anti‐aminoacyl‐transfer RNA synthetase for histidine (anti‐Jo‐1) with a reported prevalence of 20%–30%, whereas anti‐Pl‐7 (for threonine) accounts for less than 5% of all autoimmune myositis. Specific myositis autoantibodies determine clinical phenotype. PL‐7 is characterized by interstitial lung disease, myositis, and arthritis. Autoimmune myositis, specifically AS, is a rare cause of DAH. Herein, we describe the first reported case of PL‐7‐associated AS with DAH.

Case Presentation: A 41‐year‐old female presented with worsening shortness of breath and hemoptysis. Laboratory studies included a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL, mildly elevated liver enzymes, and a creatine phosphokinase (CPK) of nearly 4000 U/L. CT of the chest showed diffuse ground glass opacities bilaterally. Serial aliquots of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed progressively hemorrhagic return and histopathologic analysis consistent with DAH. Other concurrent causes of DAH were ruled out.

Conclusion: Although rare, AS should be considered a cause of DAH, particularly in patients presenting with symptoms of muscle weakness and arthritis or with evidence of mechanic’s hands.
Effect of Gamma‐Ray Irradiation of Amorphous SnO2 Electron Selective Layers on the Properties of Ambient‐Air Synthesized Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Park Beomjun , Jung Kyungeun , Ko Juyoung , Park Hye Min , Choi Jae Won , Kim Ki Chul , Lee Man-Jong
Published: January 2025

The effect of low‐dose gamma‐ray irradiation on an amorphous SnO2 electron‐selective layer (ESL) was investigated in this study. Further, its impact on the photovoltaic (PV) performance of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on MAPbI3 and CsFAMAPbIBr absorber layers has been evaluated for the first time. The properties of the SnO2 layer were substantially modified by the gamma‐ray irradiation of regulatory exemption radioactive sources (Co‐60). Gamma‐ray irradiation promoted the formation of large perovskite grains by creating a hydrophilic surface via the generation of ─OH on the amorphous SnO2 film surface. In addition, gamma‐ray irradiation increased the conductivity of the SnO2 layer due to the generation of the proper oxygen vacancies in SnO2. From the optimization of gamma‐ray irradiation parameters, we achieved a best efficiency of 18.03% using the MAPbI3 perovskite film owing to the enhanced perovskite densification and increased SnO2 conductivity. This efficiency was significantly improved compared to that (16.03%) of a pristine device. In addition, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% was achieved using the CsFAMAPbIBr mixed perovskite film and the gamma‐ray irradiated SnO2. The results suggest that systematic low‐dose gamma irradiation treatment of ESLs has a synergistic effect of controlling surface properties, enhancing perovskite crystal growth, and controlling oxygen vacancies, and is relatively simple and has high potential as a surface treatment process.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Gear Oil Enhanced With Biomass‐Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Nabhan Ahmed , Mousa Hamouda M. , Alfadhel Husain , El-Sharkawy Mohamed R. , Al-Shareef Hossa F. , Al-Zahrani Fatimah A. M. , Taha Mohamed
Published: January 2025

This investigation conducts a side‐by‐side assessment of gear oil augmented with a unique hybrid nanoparticle variant: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) sourced from biomass and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs). The objective is to ascertain the impact of these NPs on the lubricative qualities of gear oil which is a critical factor for the peak functioning and durability of mechanical systems. The composite samples were formulated with varying concentrations of a hybrid mixture, consisting of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.% of CNCs combined with 1.0 wt.% of Al2O3 NPs. The study involved the synthesis and characterization of CNC‐Al2O3 NP gear oil composites through various techniques. These techniques include infrared (IR) spectral analysis and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), as well as assessments of kinematic viscosity, friction, and wear scar dimensions. The results of the IR analysis reveal that incorporating of Al2O3 NPs and CNCs into engine oil dramatically improves its chemical and physical attributes. The kinematic viscosities of the nano‐oil samples grew up to 5.4% and 15.5% with the incorporation of 1.0 wt.% CNCs and 1.0 wt.% Al2O3 NPs at 40°C and 100°C, corresponding to a 16.7% increase in the viscosity index. Moreover, it can be evident that the coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear scar declined up to 26% and 36%, respectively, due to loading content of 0.75 wt.% CNCs and 1.0 wt.% Al2O3 NPs. Therefore, the vibration acceleration response root mean square (RMS) collapsed by up to 28%, and sound levels declined by 11%, indicating that the hybrid nanolubricant has a superior effect.
1‐Methylcyclopropene Reduced the Cold Resistance Induced by Salicylic Acid in Postharvest Plum Fruits During Low‐Temperature Storage
Authors: Yang Yang , Guo Nan , Qiao Ting , Li Qingfeng , Han Yumei
Published: January 2025

While salicylic acid (SA) improves the cold resistance of plum fruit, the contribution of ethylene to the efficacy is not well understood. Therefore, the cold resistance of plum fruits treated with SA alone and in combination with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) (an ethylene receptor competitor that blocks ethylene signaling) was compared. Our findings demonstrate that SA treatment effectively reduced the decay rate and the chilling injury index while preserving membrane integrity and sugar content. Furthermore, it improved the scavenging ability against active oxygen species, suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species, and induced the expression of the PsAOX1a and PsCBF2 genes related to the cold tolerance mechanisms in plum fruit. However, when SA was used in combination with 1‐MCP, cold resistance was diminished. The results show that blocking ethylene signaling reduced the SA‐induced cold tolerance in plum fruit. The combined application of SA and 1‐MCP is not recommended for the prevention of cold damage to plums.
Assessing Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding the Application of Artificial Intelligence Among Nursing Practice
Authors: Yaseen Mai M. , Alsharif Fatmah H. , Altaf Reem A. , Asiri Taif W. , Bagies Rifan M. , Alharbi Salwa B. , Altaf Bothinah A.
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is constantly improving the quality of medical procedures. Despite the application of AI in the healthcare industry, there are conflicting opinions among professionals, and limited research on its practical application in Saudi Arabia was conducted. Aim: To assess the nurses’ knowledge regarding the application of AI in practice at one of the Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Descriptive cross‐sectional research using convenience sampling in January 2023 involving 307 staff nurses, using a single 11‐item questionnaire. In addition, 6 closed‐ended questions were used to assess the knowledge, possible risks, and advantages of AI. Results: All 307 participants completed the survey and used it for data analysis using SPSS V.25. Kruskal–Wallis and Whitney tests and descriptive statistics were used to identify the significant differences among groups. The study results reveal significant differences between age groups and working locations regarding familiarity with AI and future use of AI. In contrast, a considerable difference exists between licensed years groups regarding familiarity with AI. Surprisingly, education level does not affect AI knowledge. Additionally, the future use of AI is significantly affected by the nurse’s gender. Limitation: Nurses were not included in previous studies on AI, and most nursing participants need more interest in AI. Conclusion: The study’s results showed that nurses have positive opinions of AI in the healthcare industry, which will help them speed up procedures and reduce medical errors. AI applications can expand in healthcare by increasing the use of AI in the healthcare industry to improve care quality and encourage academic institutions to develop best practices for deploying AI applications in the healthcare industry.
Diabetes Distress and Unmet Support Needs Hinder Optimal Care for Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Spajic Dana , Curran Jacqueline , Luu Yasmin , Shah Mark A. E. , Subramani Gitanjali , James Radhika , Oxlad Melissa , Speight Jane , Peña Alexia S.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely than those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to develop complications soon after diagnosis. However, limited data exist about diabetes‐specific distress (DD) and how diabetes teams can better support adolescents with T2D. We aimed to assess DD and other aspects of emotional/mental health among adolescents with T2D and qualitatively explore their lived experience and support needs.

Methods: This study used a cross‐sectional mixed methods survey of adolescents with T2D, recruited via two tertiary diabetes clinics. Study outcomes included the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), World Health Organization‐Five Well‐being Index (WHO‐5), Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2) and two free‐text questions concerning what they wished their health professionals understood about living with T2D and diabetes support. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis were applied.

Results: Forty adolescents with T2D (22 females, predominantly from non‐Indigenous background) completed all questionnaires. Nineteen were taking metformin, 18 were taking metformin plus injectables, and 3 were on lifestyle management. They had mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 15.7 ± 2.1 years, median (interquartile range [IQR]) diabetes duration of 1.8 (0.8–2.6) years and median (IQR) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 6.9 (6.0–9.5)% (52 [42–80] mmol/mol). Twenty‐one (53%) adolescents had moderate‐to‐severe DD, 16 (40%) had suboptimal emotional well‐being, and 23 (58%) had depressive symptoms; 15 (38%) had both DD and depressive symptoms, while 11 (28%) had neither. Four themes described what adolescents wished their health professionals understood about living with diabetes: diabetes stigma, diabetes management burden, diabetes is challenging for young people and impact on mental health. Five themes described the support adolescents desired from their diabetes teams: show empathy and assist with motivation; mental health support; more frequent and convenient appointments; access to, and choice of, medications and management tools; and discussions about the future.

Conclusions: Most adolescents with T2D experience significant DD, impaired general emotional well‐being and/or depressive symptoms. They also have considerable unmet support needs relevant to optimising their well‐being and diabetes self‐management.
Assessing Feasibility and Performance of Ultrasonic Guided Wave–Based Numerical–Experimental Methodology for Debonding Monitoring of Adhesive Joints: Application to an Internal Beam of a Battery Box
Authors: Calvo-Echenique Andrea , Sánchez Mario , Duvivier Emmanuel , Valero Clara , Chiminelli Agustín
Published: January 2025

Multimaterial solutions that combine adhesively bonded composite and metallic parts are being widely proposed as lightweighting strategies to reduce environmental impact. However, the introduction of adhesive interphases in components subjected to fatigue loads is a major concern in terms of durability, reliability and maintainability. Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques can play a key role in providing structures with self‐sensing capabilities. Although the use of ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) monitoring for predicting the damage of in‐service adhesive joints has been proved feasible, several challenges remain, including the generation of large and high‐quality data sets and the scalability of damage detection algorithms for real‐world use cases. After a wide literature review of available algorithms and simulation techniques, the simplest yet accurate methods have been selected to build a methodology that may eventually be fostered with more complex models. In this work, a numerical–experimental integrative methodology is proposed to train predictive algorithms minimizing the need for extensive experimental campaigns, by creating synthetic data sets through physics‐based simulation models. Although several features have been detected as damage‐sensitive, simple regression models using the root‐mean‐square density (RMSD) have been trained and validated as damage indicators. The feasibility of this approach has been proven in a real subcomponent with an error below 2% in the debonding length prediction, calculated as the ratio of the Euclidean distance between actual debonding and predicted debonding to the total inspection length.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Burden of Health Problems in Elite Female Ice Hockey Players—A One‐Season Prospective Study
Authors: Wörner Tobias , Eek Frida
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Epidemiological studies on elite female ice hockey players are lacking but needed to tailor preventive efforts in this growing group of athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the incidence, prevalence, and burden of health problems in elite female ice hockey players.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we asked all Swedish Women’s Hockey League (SWHL) players (N = 207) to report their health status on the OSTRC‐H2 weekly throughout the 2022/2023 season (28 weeks). Reported problems were categorized as injuries (acute or overuse) or illnesses and presented as incidence per player season and mean weekly prevalence.

Results: A total of 129 players (62% of all SWHL players) provided 2286 health reports with a mean weekly response rate of 67%. Mean weekly prevalence of health problems was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19–23) (injuries: 15% [95% CI: 14–17] and illnesses: 6% [95% CI: 5–8]). Injury incidence was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.8–2.4) per player season (acute: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0–1.5] and overuse: 0.8 [95% CI: 0.7–1.1]). Illness incidence was 1.3 per player season (95% CI: 1.1–1.6). Most reported health problems were acute injuries (59.4% of reported injuries). Most common among acute injuries where to the shoulder (15%), head (13%), and knee (11%). The hip/groin was the most reported (35%) and burdensome (49% of severity score) region among overuse injuries. Reported illnesses were mostly represented by respiratory infections (75%).

Conclusions: In average, one in five elite ice hockey players reported a health problem at any given time during the season. Results of this study highlight the need to develop and test primary prevention strategies for shoulder, head, and knee injuries and secondary prevention strategies for hip and groin problems.
Change in Metabolic Markers and the Risk of Skin Cancer: Results from the Lifelines Cohort Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Michael Shimelash , Grigory Sidorenkov , Bert van der Vegt , Mathilde Jalving , Emöke Rácz , Geertruida H. de Bock
Published: January 2025

Background:

Skin cancers are the most common cancers in Caucasians, and their incidence is rising. Although metabolic and anthropometric markers play a role in cancer development, the relationship between metabolic and anthropometric changes in skin cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to examine possible associations between these changes and the risk of skin cancer.

Methods:

Participants without prior skin cancer history from the Northern Netherlands representative of the general population were included. Histopathology data were obtained from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Database. Adjusted Cox regression analyzed associations between metabolic changes and time to pathology-confirmed skin cancer incidence over a 7-year follow-up, assessing overall skin cancer risk and subtypes, including melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Results:

Out of 97,106 participants, 4,195 (4.3%) developed skin cancer. Decrease and increase in body mass index (BMI) were both associated with lower skin cancer risk: adjusted HRs (aHR) of 0.88 (0.80–0.98) and 0.78 (0.72–0.86), respectively. Triglyceride and waist-to-hip ratio decreases were also associated with lower risk: aHR: 0.89 (0.80–0.98) and 0.89 (0.83–0.98), respectively. Increase in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was associated with a higher risk in individuals below the age of 45 years at baseline: aHR: 1.21 (1.01–1.45). Subtype analysis showed an increase in BMI was associated with lower melanoma risk: aHR: 0.72 (0.58–0.91).

Conclusions:

Changes in BMI and decrease in triglycerides and waist-to-hip ratio are related to lower skin cancer risk, whereas an increase in HbA1c may elevate risk in individuals younger than 45 at baseline. These findings highlight the importance of non-sunlight-related risk factors for skin cancer prevention and the need for further research into underlying mechanisms.

Impact:

This study contributes to the broader understanding of how metabolic health impacts skin cancer development, offering potential avenues for targeted prevention strategies.
Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab prior to Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable, Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Induction Trial
Authors: Smeenk Michiel M. , van Diessen Judi N.A. , Boellaard Thierry N. , Hartemink Koen J. , de Vries Jeltje F. , van der Noort Vincent , Badrising Sushil K. , Owers Emilia C. , Monkhorst Kim , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Theelen Willemijn S.M.E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The phase I induction trial (NCT04287894) assessed the feasibility and safety of induction immunotherapy (IIT) prior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:

Patients with unresectable stage II/III NSCLC were eligible for inclusion. Patients received either one cycle of tremelimumab (75 mg) with two cycles of durvalumab (1,500 mg) in cohort I, one cycle of tremelimumab (300 mg) with two cycles of durvalumab in cohort II, or one cycle of tremelimumab (300 mg) with one cycle of durvalumab in cohort III. After IIT, a comprehensive radiological and pathological restaging was performed followed by cCRT. The combined primary endpoint was the feasibility and safety of IIT-cCRT.

Results:

Fifteen of 17 included patients were treated per protocol. IIT-cCRT was completed in 13 of the 15 patients within the predefined feasibility criteria. Grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events occurred in seven of the 15 patients, of which six were treated in the high-dose tremelimumab cohorts, thereby violating the safety criteria in cohorts II and III. The low-dose tremelimumab cohort (I) complied with safety criteria. Eleven patients had multilevel N2 or N3 disease at baseline; eight of these patients were downstaged to either N0/N1 or single-level N2 after IIT. Multiparametric MRI accurately identified nodal downstaging in all seven patients.

Conclusions:

Induction with high-dose tremelimumab plus durvalumab prior to cCRT in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC was associated with unacceptable toxicity, although IIT resulted in clinically relevant nodal downstaging in eight of the 11 patients with baseline multilevel N2 or N3 disease. Multiparametric MRI showed potential for evaluating treatment response.
Evaluation of Intensive Statins and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors on Intracranial Artery Plaque Stability: A Prospective Single‐Arm Study
Authors: Zeng Weiqi , Zhou Feng , Zhao Hai , Wang Yukai , Chen Jingjuan , Lu Jiancong , Zheng Dezhi , Kuang Jingyun , Yuan Dahua , Zhou Jing , Shi Changzheng , Zhao Xihai , Leng Xinyi , Yan Bernard , Tan Zefeng
Published: January 2025

Background

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is a leading cause of ischemic stroke and recurrent events due to plaque instability. High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging identifies plaque enhancement as a key marker of instability. This study evaluated the efficacy of combined high‐intensity statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in plaque stabilization.

Methods

In this prospective, single‐arm study, patients with acute stroke and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery or basilar artery were enrolled. After 24 weeks of intensive statin and evolocumab therapy, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging assessments of intracranial vessels were conducted at baseline and follow‐up. The primary end point was the change in stenosis degree; secondary end points included changes in plaque enhancement (contrast ratio) and plaque burden.

Results

Thirty‐six patients (median age, 58 years) participated. After therapy, stenosis decreased from 75.9% (interquartile range, 69.5%–84.8%) to 65.3% (interquartile range, 53.8%–75.0%;
P
<0.001). Contrast ratio grades and contrast volume decreased significantly (
P
<0.001), and lumen area increased (from 1.03 mm
2
[interquartile range, 0.59–1.72 mm
2
] to 2.08 mm
2
[interquartile range, 1.00–3.10 mm
2
];
P
<0.001). No significant changes were observed in wall area, wall area index, or remodeling index. A notable correlation between the decrease in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio and reduction in contrast volume was observed.

Conclusions

Combining proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors with high‐intensity statins may improve plaque stability and reduce lumen stenosis in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2200058029.
Real‐World Experience in Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair in Spain Registry
Authors: Sisinni Antonio , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Freixa Xavier , Arzamendi Dabit , Moñivas Vanessa , Carrasco‐Chinchilla Fernando , Pan Manuel , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Pascual Isaac , Benito‐González Tomás , Perez Ruth , Gómez‐Blázquez Iván , Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , Cruz‐González Ignacio , Sánchez‐Recalde Ángel , Alvarez Ana Belén Cid , Sanchis Laura , Caneiro‐Queija Berenice , Li Chi Hion , del Trigo Maria , Martínez‐Carmona Jose David , Mesa Dolores , Pozo Eduardo , Avanzas Pablo , Cepas‐Guillén Pedro , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

Background

Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The development of transcatheter valve repair therapies has opened a wide range of opportunities for treatment of patients with high surgical risk. Real‐world data might improve patient selection and outcome. The authors sought to investigate acute and short‐term cardiovascular outcomes of tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) with dedicated devices in a real‐world setting.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective, single‐arm, multicenter registry conducted at 15 sites in Spain. The primary end point was a composite of all‐cause death, rehospitalization for heart failure, and tricuspid valve re‐intervention. Patients included (n=283) were older (76±9 years, 70% female), and showed significant comorbidities. Massive or torrential TR was present in 55% of subjects, with secondary cause being the main mechanism of regurgitation in ≈80% of individuals. Intraprocedural success was achieved in 79% of patients. At 1‐year follow‐up, significant improvements in TR grade (≥3+, 100% to 25%,
P
<0.001) and New York Heart Association functional class (I/II, 33%–86%,
P
<0.001) were observed. Lead‐induced cause and single leaflet device attachment emerged as independent predictors of at least severe predischarge residual TR. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 4 (1.4%) patients, whereas the Kaplan–Meier estimated 1‐year primary end point occurrence rate was 21%. Intraprocedural success (hazard ratio, 0.353 [95% CI, 0.156–0.798];
P
=0.012), was found to be an independent predictor of primary end point.

Conclusions

In a real‐world contemporary setting, tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with dedicated devices emerged as effective therapeutic option for patients with severe TR.
A non-invasive method during routine handling indicates docility in a wild, crevice-nesting seabird
Authors: Legard Matthew J. , Davoren Gail K.
Published: January 2025

Personality traits have been identified in many animals but species that are hard to observe in the wild present unique challenges. We aimed to determine an appropriate method for identifying docility in a crevice-nesting seabird (razorbill, Alca torda) by conducting three tests associated with this trait. Two tests used quantitative behavioural coding (crevice extraction, restraint), while the other used qualitative observer ratings (routine handling). Chick-rearing razorbills () in Newfoundland, Canada were tested across two years (2021, 2022), with 16 tested in both years. Observer ratings during routine handling had the highest repeatability (, 95% CI = 0.007–0.831), compared to quantified scores during extraction (, 95% CI = 0–0.399) and restraint (, 95% CI = 0–0.294) tests. Overall, findings suggest that observer ratings may be a good method to quantify personality traits in species that are hard to observe in the wild.