bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of vB_XciM_LucasX, a new jumbo phage that infects Xanthomonas citri and Xanthomonas fuscans
Authors: Marquioni Vinícius , Rossi Fernando Pacheco Nobre , Mendonça Deborah Cezar , Martins Layla Farage , Behlau Franklin , Setubal João Carlos , da Silva Aline Maria , Novo-Mansur Maria Teresa Marques
Published: April 2022

Citrus canker is one of the main bacterial diseases that affect citrus crops and is caused by Xanthomonas citri which affects all citrus species worldwide. New strategies to control citrus canker are necessary and the use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent could be an alternative. Phages that infect Xanthomonas species have been studied, such as XacN1, a myovirus that infects X. citri. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a new jumbo phage, vb_XciM_LucasX, which infects X. citri and X. fuscans. Transmission electron microscopy allowed classification of LucasX in the Myoviridae family, which was corroborated by its genomic sequencing, annotation, and proteome clustering. LucasX has a 305,651 bp-long dsDNA genome. ORF prediction and annotation revealed 157 genes encoding putative structural proteins such as capsid and tail related proteins and phage assembly associated proteins, however, for most of the structural proteins it was not possible assign specific functions. Its genome encodes several proteins related to DNA replication and nucleotide metabolism, five putative RNA polymerases, at least one homing endonuclease mobile element, a terminase large subunit (TerL), an endolysin and many proteins classified as beneficial to the host. Proteome clustering and phylogeny analyses showed that LucasX is a new jumbo phage having as its closest neighbor the Xanthomonas jumbo phage Xoo-sp14. LucasX presented a burst size of 40 PFU/infected cell of X. citri 306, was completely inactivated at temperatures above 50°C, presented survival lower than 25% after 80 s of exposition to artificial UV light and had practically no tolerance to concentrations above 2.5 g/L NaCl or 40% ethanol. LucasX presented optimum pH at 7 and a broad range of Xanthomonas hosts, infecting twenty-one of the twenty-three strains tested. Finally, the LucasX yield was dependent on the host strain utilized, resulting one order of magnitude higher in X. fuscans C 752 than in X. citri 306, which points out to the possibility of phage yield improvement, an usual challenge for biocontrol purposes.
Analysis of vibratory mode changes in symmetric and asymmetric activation of the canine larynx
Authors: Schlegel Patrick , Berry David A. , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: April 2022

Investigations of neuromuscular control of voice production have primarily focused on the roles of muscle activation levels, posture, and stiffness at phonation onset. However, little work has been done investigating the stability of the phonation process in regards to spontaneous changes in vibratory mode of vocal fold oscillation as a function of neuromuscular activation. We evaluated 320 phonatory conditions representing combinations of superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve (SLN and RLN) activations in an in vivo canine model of phonation. At each combination of neuromuscular input, airflow was increased linearly to reach phonation onset and beyond from 300 to 1400 mL/s. High-speed video and acoustic data were recorded during phonation, and spectrograms and glottal-area-based parameters were calculated. Vibratory mode changes were detected based on sudden increases or drops of local fundamental frequency. Mode changes occurred only when SLNs were concurrently stimulated and were more frequent for higher, less asymmetric RLN stimulation. A slight increase in amplitude and cycle length perturbation usually preceded the changes in the vibratory mode. However, no inherent differences between signals with mode changes and signals without were found.
Influence of advanced life support response time on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient outcomes in Taipei
Authors: Chen Hsuan-An , Hsu Shuo-Ting , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Sim Shyh-Shyong , Chu Sheng-En , Yang Wen-Shuo , Chien Yu-Chun , Wang Yao-Cheng , Lee Bin-Chou , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Lin Hao-Yang , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chiang Wen-Chu , Sun Jen-Tang
Published: April 2022

Background

The association between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient survival and advanced life support response time remained controversial. We aimed to test the hypothesis that for adult, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, a shorter advanced life support response time is associated with a better chance of survival. We analyzed Utstein-based registry data on adult, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Taipei from 2011 to 2015.

Methods

Patients without complete data, witnessed by emergency medical technicians, or with response times of ≥ 15 minutes, were excluded. We used logistic regression with an exposure of advanced life support response time. Primary and secondary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category ≤ 2), respectively. Subgroup analyses were based on presenting rhythms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and witness status.

Results

A total of 4,278 cases were included in the final analysis. The median advanced life support response time was 9 minutes. For every minute delayed in advanced life support response time, the chance of survival to hospital discharge would reduce by 7% and chance of favorable neurological outcome by 9%. Subgroup analysis showed that a longer advanced life support response time was negatively associated with the chance of survival to hospital discharge among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythm and pulse electrical activity groups.

Conclusions

In non-traumatic, adult, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Taipei, a longer advanced life support response time was associated with declining odds of survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurologic outcomes, especially in patients presenting with shockable rhythm and pulse electrical activity.
Retinal biomarkers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A systematic review
Authors: Biffi Elena , Turple Zachary , Chung Jessica , Biffi Alessandro
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD), a progressive degenerative disorder of small caliber cerebral vessels, represents a major contributor to stroke and vascular dementia incidence worldwide. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the role of retinal biomarkers in diagnosis and characterization of CSVD.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library Database, and Web of Science. We identified studies of sporadic CSVD (including CSVD not otherwise specified, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Hypertensive Arteriopathy) and the most common familial CSVD disorders (including CADASIL, Fabry disease, and MELAS). Included studies used one or more of the following tools: visual fields assessment, fundus photography, Optical Coherence Tomography and OCT Angiography, Fluorescein Angiography, Electroretinography, and Visual Evoked Potentials.

Results

We identified 48 studies of retinal biomarkers in CSVD, including 9147 cases and 12276 controls. Abnormalities in retinal vessel diameter (11 reports, n = 11391 participants), increased retinal vessel tortuosity (11 reports, n = 617 participants), decreased vessel fractal dimension (5 reports, n = 1597 participants) and decreased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (5 reports, n = 4509 participants) were the biomarkers most frequently associated with CSVD. We identified no reports conducting longitudinal retinal evaluations of CSVD, or systematically evaluating diagnostic performance.

Conclusion

Multiple retinal biomarkers were associated with CSVD or its validated neuroimaging biomarkers. However, existing evidence is limited by several shortcomings, chiefly small sample size and unstandardized approaches to both biomarkers’ capture and CSVD characterization. Additional larger studies will be required to definitively determine whether retinal biomarkers could be successfully incorporated in future research efforts and clinical practice.
Socio-economic drivers of irrigated paddy land abandonment and agro-ecosystem degradation: Evidence from Japanese agricultural census data
Authors: Mameno Kota , Kubo Takahiro
Published: April 2022

The abandonment of irrigated paddy land has increased in Japan, which can cause a decline in food security and biodiversity. Despite the importance of individual decisions, most studies have only examined regional or community-based determinants of paddy land abandonment. This study aimed to uncover the socio-economic determinants affecting individual landowners’ decisions to abandon paddy land, using Japanese agricultural census data (2005, 2010, and 2015) composed of over one million unique paddy landowners. Results showed that low agricultural benefits are a key driver of abandonment, similar to European countries. Conversely, there is a positive correlation between the population of full-time cultivators in a household and paddy land abandonment, which contradicts previous evidence. Although some mosaics of socio-ecological landscapes with high biodiversity formed through long-term human influence (i.e., the Satoyama landscapes) are less-favored agricultural areas, the paddy land in some of these landscapes tends not to be abandoned. These findings support effective policymaking that balances biodiversity conservation and the provision of agroecosystem services in semi-natural landscapes.
MicroRNA-21 induces cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sheng Shuyan , Su Wenzhuo , Mao Deshen , Li Conghan , Hu Xinyang , Deng Wanyu , Yao Yong , Ji Yongsheng
Published: April 2022

Drug resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, can impair treatment effects and result in increased cell motility and death. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), a proto-oncogene, may facilitate the development or maintenance of drug resistance in cancer cells. Restoring drug sensitivity can improve therapeutic strategies, a possibility that requires functional evaluation and mechanistic exploration. For miR-21 detection, matched tissue samples from 30 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and 8 head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines were obtained. Reverse transcription-PCR to detect expression, MTT and clonogenic assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis assays, resazurin cell viability assays, western blot and luciferase reporter assays to detect protein expression, and flow cytometry to analyse the cell cycle were adopted. Compared to the corresponding normal control (NC) tissues, 25 cancer tissues had miR-21 upregulation among the 30 matched pair tissues (25/30, 83.8%); furthermore, among the 8 HNC cell lines, miR-21 expression that was notably upregulated in three: UPCI-4B, UMSCC-1, and UPCI-15B. In both the UMSCC-1 and UPCI-4B cell lines, the miR-21 mimic enhanced cell proliferation with reduced apoptosis and increased viability, whereas the miR-21 inhibitor resulted in the opposite effects (all P<0.001); additionally, miR-21 directly targeted the tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and inhibited PTEN expression. Furthermore, the miR-21 mimic induced cisplatin resistance, while the miR-21 inhibitor restored cisplatin sensitivity. Overexpression of miR-21 can enhance cell proliferation, reduce apoptosis, and induce drug resistance by inhibiting PTEN expression. Targeting miR-21 may facilitate cancer diagnosis, restore drug sensitivity, and improve therapeutic effects.
The accuracy of clinician predictions of survival in the Prognosis in Palliative care Study II (PiPS2): A prospective observational study
Authors: Stone Patrick C. , Chu Christina , Todd Chris , Griffiths Jane , Kalpakidou Anastasia , Keeley Vaughan , Omar Rumana Z. , Vickerstaff Victoria
Published: April 2022

Background

Prognostic information is important for patients with cancer, their families, and clinicians. In practice, survival predictions are made by clinicians based on their experience, judgement, and intuition. Previous studies have reported that clinicians’ survival predictions are often inaccurate. This study reports a secondary analysis of data from the Prognosis in Palliative care Study II (PiPS2) to assess the accuracy of survival estimates made by doctors and nurses.

Methods and findings

Adult patients (n = 1833) with incurable, locally advanced or metastatic cancer, recently referred to palliative care services (community teams, hospital teams, and inpatient palliative care units) were recruited. Doctors (n = 431) and nurses (n = 777) provided independent prognostic predictions and an agreed multi-professional prediction for each patient. Clinicians provided prognostic estimates in several formats including predictions about length of survival and probability of surviving to certain time points. There was a minimum follow up of three months or until death (whichever was sooner; maximum follow-up 783 days).

Agreed multi-professional predictions about whether patients would survive for days, weeks or months+ were accurate on 61.9% of occasions. The positive predictive value of clinicians’ predictions about imminent death (within one week) was 77% for doctors and 79% for nurses. The sensitivity of these predictions was low (37% and 35% respectively). Specific predictions about how many weeks patients would survive were not very accurate but showed good discrimination (patients estimated to survive for shorted periods had worse outcomes). The accuracy of clinicians’ probabilistic predictions (assessed using Brier’s scores) was consistently better than chance, improved with proximity to death and showed good discrimination between groups of patients with different survival outcomes.

Conclusions

Using a variety of different approaches, this study found that clinicians predictions of survival show good discrimination and accuracy, regardless of whether the predictions are about how long or how likely patients are to survive. Accuracy improves with proximity to death. Although the positive predictive value of estimates of imminent death are relatively high, the sensitivity of such predictions is relatively low. Despite limitations, the clinical prediction of survival should remain the benchmark against which any innovations in prognostication are judged.

Study registration

ISRCTN13688211. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13688211.
Multi-methodological approach for the Quality assessment of Senecionis scandentis Herba (Qianliguang) in the herbal market
Authors: Ngai Hiu-Lam , Yang Xiao , Chu Adrian Jun , Harper Rachel , Jacobsen Alice B. J. E. , Lau David Tai-Wai , Yu Ho-Yin , Lee Hung-Kay , Shaw Pang-Chui
Published: April 2022

We set forth to assess the quality of an herbal medicine sold in Hong Kong called Qianliguang by employing a multi-methodological approach. The quality is set by its identity, chemical composition, and bioactivities, among others. Qianliguang (Senecionis scandentis Herba, Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) has known antibacterial properties. However, it is poisonous and overconsumption can result in liver damage. Eighteen Qianliguang samples were purchased from herbal shops at various districts in Hong Kong. Samples were first authenticated organoleptically. DNA barcoding at the psbA-trnH, ITS2, and rbcL loci was then conducted to confirm the species. HPLC-UV was performed to screen for the presence of the chemical compounds and to quantify the flavonoid hyperoside. UPLC-MS was used to quantify the amount of the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) adonifoline. Microdilution assay was performed to show the antibacterial effect on Streptococcus aureus and S. pneumoniae. Results showed that five samples were found to be substituted by species belonging to the genus Lespedeza; four samples were mixtures containing not only Qianliguang but also Achyranthes aspera L., Lonicera confusa DC., or Solanum nigrum L. HPLC-UV showed that only ten contained enough hyperoside to meet the standard requirement. In addition, nine samples had adonifoline that exceeded the toxicity standard requirement. In the microdilution assay, samples containing Qianliguang showed inhibition on S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, while among the five Lespedeza sp. samples the antibacterial effects on S. aureus were not detectable; only one sample showed inhibition to S. pneumoniae. Our study illustrated the necessity of using a multi-methodological approach for herbal medicine quality assessment. We also showed that Qianliguang samples in the Hong Kong market were either toxic or adulterated. It is therefore essential to improve the quality control of Qianliguang and probably other herbs in the herbal market.
Extracellular vesicles enriched with amylin receptor are cytoprotective against the Aß toxicity in vitro
Authors: Soudy Rania , Kimura Ryoichi , Fu Wen , Patel Aarti , Jhamandas Jack
Published: April 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double membrane structures released by all cell types with identified roles in the generation, transportation, and degradation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EVs are thus increasingly recognized to play a neuroprotective role in AD, through their ability to counteract the neurotoxic effects of Aβ, possibly through interactions with specific receptors on cell membranes. Our previous studies have identified the amylin receptor (AMY), particularly AMY3 subtype, as a mediator of the deleterious actions of Aβ in vitro and in vivo experimental paradigms. In the present study, we demonstrate that AMY3 enriched EVs can bind soluble oligomers of Aß and protect N2a cells against toxic effects of this peptide. The effect was specific to amylin receptor as it was blocked in the presence of amylin receptor antagonist AC253. This notion was supported by reduced Aβ binding to EVs from AMY depleted mice compared to those from wild type (Wt) mice. Finally, application of AMY3, but not Wt derived, EVs to hippocampal brain slices improved Aβ-induced reduction of long-term potentiation, a cellular surrogate of memory. Collectively, our observations support the role of AMY receptors, particularly AMY3, in EVs as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Inducible CRISPR activation screen for interferon-stimulated genes identifies OAS1 as a SARS-CoV-2 restriction factor
Authors: Danziger Oded , Patel Roosheel S. , DeGrace Emma J. , Rosen Mikaela R. , Rosenberg Brad R.
Published: April 2022

Interferons establish an antiviral state through the induction of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The mechanisms and viral specificities for most ISGs remain incompletely understood. To enable high-throughput interrogation of ISG antiviral functions in pooled genetic screens while mitigating potentially confounding effects of endogenous interferon and antiproliferative/proapoptotic ISG activities, we adapted a CRISPR-activation (CRISPRa) system for inducible ISG expression in isogenic cell lines with and without the capacity to respond to interferons. We used this platform to screen for ISGs that restrict SARS-CoV-2. Results included ISGs previously described to restrict SARS-CoV-2 and novel candidate antiviral factors. We validated a subset of these by complementary CRISPRa and cDNA expression experiments. OAS1, a top-ranked hit across multiple screens, exhibited strong antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, which required OAS1 catalytic activity. These studies demonstrate a high-throughput approach to assess antiviral functions within the ISG repertoire, exemplified by identification of multiple SARS-CoV-2 restriction factors.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle
Authors: Selim Abdelfattah , Weir William , Khater Hanem
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Theileria annulata is the most prevalent piroplasm infecting cattle across Egypt. Theileriosis is transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle and their associated risk factors for infection.

Materials and Methods: A total of 570 blood samples were collected from cattle from five governorates (administrative districts) in Egypt and examined using a polymerase chain reaction assay to estimate the prevalence of tropical theileriosis and assess the associated risk factors.

Results: The overall prevalence rate was 16.49%, with the Alexandria district having the highest prevalence. The results revealed that the risk of theileriosis was elevated in older cattle (odds ratio [OR]=8.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6- 21.9), especially in summers (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.4-6.3). Cattle heavily infested with ticks were at particular risk (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.1-4.5), as were those to which acaricide had not been applied (OR=13.7, 95% CI: 5.6-33.6).

Conclusion: Understanding the risk factors associated with T. annulata infection and regular infection monitoring could reduce infection rates and economic losses and is essential for the implementation of efficient control programs.
Gradients of Structure, Phase Composition, and Dislocation Substructure of Rails under the Ultra Long-Term Operation
Authors: Kuznetsov R.V. , Gromov V.E. , Ivanov Yu.F. , Kormyshev V.E. , Shliarova Yu.A. , Yuriev A.A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the structure, phase composition, dislocation substructure, and carbon redistribution in differentially quenched 100-meter rails after the ultra long-term operation (passed gross tonnage since 2013 — 1770 mln. tons) are studied using modern materials science and engineering approaches. The regularities of main parameters variations, such as changes in a relative variety of different morphological structures, scalar and excessive dislocation density, volume fractions of cementite, and redistribution of carbon atoms, are identified at the rail head cross section along the central axis and fillet rounding radius at the distances of 0, 2, 10 mm from the surface. It is suggested that the decrease of volume fraction of carbide phase in head surface layer can be related to the decarburization and appearance of carbon atoms at the steel structure defects. It is noted that transformations along the central axis proceed slower in relation to changes of the rounding radius of the fillet.
Структурообразование в образцах оксида висмута при воздействии синхротронного излучения
Authors: Shalaev P.O. , Kveglis L.I. , Zhereb V.P. , Bektasova G.S. , Bermeshev T.V. , Razumov N.I.
Published: April 2022

In this work, samples of the δ-Bi2O3 phase are investigated. This phase is known as a solid electrolyte and has a very high ionic conductivity. The investigated structure formation is caused by synchrotron radiation (SR) directed to the surface of a δ-Bi2O3 crystal. SR differs from radiation received from other sources in its wide spectral range (from infrared to hard X-ray) and high intensity. Diffraction patterns obtained during the exposure process are decoded and studied in this work. The study reveals the polymorphism that forms a phase sample of δ-Bi2O3 under the action of SR as an example of a nonequilibrium transition. In complex compounds, the processes of redistribution of elements in the composition of microstructures are not yet understood due to the fact that radiation-enhanced phase formation is possible during irradiation. The texture found in the diffraction pattern can be explained as the result of the shock-wave load coming from the SR.

This process arises from a collection of optical phonons with different wavelengths. Deformations of the crystal lattice are created under a strong electron-phonon interaction. It leads to a displacement of atoms which is recorded during the decoding of the diffraction patterns.
Survey-Based Study on Food Insecurity During COVID-19 for Households With Children on a Prescribed Gluten-Free Diet
Authors: Du Nan , Mehrotra Isha , Weisbrod Vanessa , Regis Stephanie , Silvester Jocelyn A.
Published: April 2022

Gluten-free (GF) foods are generally costlier than their gluten-containing counterparts. We conducted an anonymous electronic survey to assess food insecurity in households with a child on a prescribed GF diet and how this relates to GF diet adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of households who screened positive using the Hunger Vital Sign was similar to national rates (19%–24%). Approximately 5% of families who screened food secure reported GF food insecurity. Parent-reported intentional gluten consumption due to limited GF food availability in the household increased during the pandemic (7.5%). Food insecurity should be considered in the management of celiac disease.
Norma-2 non-Archimedean Pada ‘¥(K)
Authors: Nurnugroho Burhanudin Arif
Published: April 2022

Diberikan K merupakan lapangan bernilai non-Archimedean. Pada paper ini dikonstruksikannorma-2 non-Archimedean pada ruang barisan ‘¥(K). Selanjutnya, dikaji mengenai hubunganantara norma-2 non-Archimedean dan norma non-Archimedean pada ruang tersebut, sehingga diperoleh hubungan antara kelengkapan ruang ‘¥(K) terhadap norma-2 non-Archimedean dan norma non-Archimedean.
All Aboard! Getting Faculty Mobilized for Emergency Online Teaching
Authors: Lach Patrick A. , Russell Lisa M. , Morgan Robin K.
Published: April 2022

This reflective essay describes steps taken by Business faculty in a U.S. Midwestern mid-sized regional university to assist faculty in making the rapid transition to 100% online teaching. These steps include the development of an online course template within the university’s course management system made available to all faculty with tips and video tutorials specifically tailored to business courses. The coronavirus pandemic forced faculty members at institutions across the world into teaching online in about two weeks. Many tenure-track professors and full-time instructors, who were required to complete extensive training prior to teaching online courses, were relatively well-prepared. In spite of this training, some instructors felt overwhelmed when the pandemic forced an immediate transition online. Adjunct instructors and some junior faculty were particularly affected. Consistent with the conservation of resources theory which suggests that individuals conserve their limited resources (e.g., time, money, etc.) to ensure availability when they are most needed, many instructors, particularly adjunct and junior faculty, were constrained by competing demands. Adjunct instructors often teach limited courses while maintaining full-time employment in their respective fields. Junior faculty also have limited resources due to service and publishing demands. The availability of a special online course helped these vulnerable faculty members make the rapid transition to emergency online teaching. This reflective essay also describes the results of a survey about this transition among both faculty and center for teaching and learning (CTL) staff. Lastly, we recommend strategies for CTLs and academic departments to prepare for future crises. “Deputizing” power-users in each academic unit to redistribute workloads during emergencies and sharing tips and tricks customized for their departments is one such strategy. Creating annual online training modules is another strategy to allow seamless transition to unexpected online teaching.
Uma entrevista com Rogério Belle de Oliveira
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Belle de
Published: April 2022

»Graduação em Odontologia pela Universidade Federal do Paraná.
»Especialista, Mestre e Doutor em CTBMF pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.
»Professor, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.
»Membro Titular do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial.
»Diretor Científico do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial.
Reconstrução mandibular com prótese customizada após ressecção de ameloblastoma: relato de caso
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo X. S. Ribeiro da , Rodriguez André Carvalho , Costa Daniela Marti , Martins Marcio
Published: April 2022

O ameloblastoma é uma neoplasia benigna, localmente agressiva, com alto potencial de recidiva, cuja ressecção pode provocar mutilações importantes no esqueleto facial, dependendo da sua extensão. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o caso clínico de uma paciente que teve o corpo e parte do ângulo mandibular removidos, devido à presença de ameloblastoma, e cuja reconstrução foi realizada em outro serviço. Cerca de cinco anos depois, houve a falência do material de fixação, com sua fratura após acidente automobilístico. Foi, então, realizado planejamento virtual, prototipagem e confecção de prótese customizada, que se estendia desde a região do mento até o ramo ascendente da mandíbula, incluindo a articulação temporomandibular. Como resultado, houve o restabelecimento funcional e estético da paciente de forma satisfatória. Pode-se concluir que as reconstruções de grandes defeitos dos ossos dos maxilares continuam sendo um grande desafio aos cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais.
Abordagem cirúrgica apropriada para tratamento de mixoma odontogênico: relato de caso
Authors: Tavares Paulo Matheus Honda , Fayad Flávio Tendolo , Oliveira Marcelo Vinicius , Arantes Pedro Henrique Ribeiro , Pinheiro Tiago Novaes
Published: April 2022

Os mixomas odontogênicos são neoplasias benignas, localmente agressivas, de crescimento lento, que provavelmente derivam do ectomesênquima odontogênico, caracterizadas por invasão local e tendência a recidiva. Vários tratamentos são propostos, variando de enucleação conservadora a ressecção radical, de acordo com as características da lesão. O presente artigo apresenta o relato de caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos de idade, diagnosticada com mixoma odontogênico no corpo mandibular esquerdo. Clinicamente, não se observou expansão cortical digna de nota, apenas discreto apinhamento dentário com mucosa normocorada. O exame radiológico evidenciou lesão hipodensa, multilocular, de aproximadamente 3,5 cm, com aspecto de “bolhas de sabão”, que se estendia por todo o corpo mandibular esquerdo. Foi realizada ressecção cirúrgica da lesão, com margem de segurança de 1,5 cm, e fixação com placa de reconstrução do sistema 2.7. A ressecção ocorreu satisfatoriamente, obedecendo a margem de segurança preconizada, com os cotos macroscopicamente livres de lesão. O paciente evoluiu bem, com funções fisiológicas e motoras preservadas e, no acompanhamento pós-operatório de seis anos, não foi observada recidiva da lesão. Pode-se concluir que é imprescindível que a escolha do tratamento de mixoma odontogênico, utilizando abordagem radical ou conservadora, leve em consideração critérios individuais clínicos e radiológicos de cada caso, para que haja maior efetividade no tratamento, com segurança ao paciente.
Aplicabilidade de um protótipo de distrator palatino osseossuportado: relato de caso
Authors: Nora Gustavo Eilert , Freddo Angelo Luiz , Corsetti Adriana , Pollo Vinicius
Published: April 2022

A expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) é uma alternativa para a correção das deficiências transversais da maxila, indicada quando a sutura intermaxilar está consolidada. Os dispositivos mais comuns para expansão maxilar são os aparelhos dentossuportados; no entanto, existem pacientes com indicação de ERMAC que não podem usar aparelhos apoiados nos dentes. Nesses casos, usamos um dispositivo osseossuportado. A confecção do distrator aqui apresentado foi feita em laboratório de prótese dentária. Em seguida, foram realizadas cirurgia de expansão maxilar sob anestesia geral e avaliação dos ganhos obtidos. O sucesso do dispositivo foi definido pela aplicabilidade do aparelho, a distância da sutura intermaxilar após a expansão e a estabilidade do distrator. Fotografias das alterações do aspecto facial também foram analisadas. O osteodistrator permaneceu estável, possibilitou a expansão transversal da maxila, e mostrou-se eficiente, com tomografia computadorizada de 21 dias mostrando abertura de 8,2 mm na região anterior e 4,8 mm na região medial da sutura intermaxilar. Na avaliação clínica e fotográfica, notou-se uma alteração visível no contorno facial após a expansão maxilar. Os resultados sugerem que o dispositivo proposto é uma alternativa eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com indicação de ERMAC osseossuportada.
Docklands Primary School, Melbourne, Australia
Authors: McLean Emina
Published: April 2022

Our brand-new school, Docklands Primary School, opened in January 2021.
Located in the heart of Melbourne, Australia, we are a state school for
students in Foundation through to Year 6. At the time of this case study
first being written, we had 255 students enrolled, but numbers continue to
grow. We have a vibrant and diverse student community, with over 60% of our
students speaking English as an additional language. Our students were born
in 21 different countries, and there are at least thirteen different
languages spoken at home. As the English and Literacy Leader, I oversee
curriculum, assessment, instruction, intervention, and professional learning
in those domains. Part of that foundational work has involved ensuring staff
are formally trained in Sounds-Write, and that the programme is implemented
with consistency and fidelity across classrooms. We teach Sounds-Write in
the first three years of school (Foundation-Year 2). Students receive 30
minutes of instruction daily and planning and delivery is consistent across
year level classrooms. In 2021, there were six Foundation classes, two Year
1 classes, and one Year 2 class. We are not considered a particularly
advantaged or disadvantaged school, with an Index of Community
Socio-Educational Advantage value close to the average of 1,000 (range of
800-1,200).
"I hear a language, I had not known” (Ps 81:5). Finding Words and Discovering the Future of the Church
Authors: Deeg Alexander
Published: April 2022

Problems of the Church are always problems of its language. All too often, churches are stuck in their language, remain seated in the coziness of their lingual comfort zones, and live in the idea that they “have” the Gospel and should only think about ways of “distributing” it to those “outside.” This fundamental mistake of a misunderstood concept of “Communication of the Gospel” is analyzed in the paper. The alternative is Luther’s search for a “nova sprach” (new language) or – as it might be called – a dynamic linguistic Em-maus-way of the Church, which expects the event of the Gospel in the dialectics of inside and outside, old and new, tradition and innovation, ritual and creativity.
Spor o Belzebula: analýza jedné synoptické tradice v kritické reflexi
Authors: Cielontko David
Published: April 2022

The Beelzebul controversy: Analysis of one synoptic tradition in a critical reflection The article offers an analysis of the synoptic tradition of the Beelzebul controversy, which is preserved in two independent versions in Mark and Q. The analysis reflects some recent methodological impulses from orality and (social) memory studies that offer possible corrections of the theoretical assumptions about the synoptic tradition. The article focus-es on the particular meanings of this tradition in the specific literary representations and on the process of reception. Mark and Q offer two forms of textualization of an oral tradition that their authors creatively embedded into their literary productions. Matthew, in turn, combines the content of both of them and places them within his own compositional framework. This process reflects a conservative appreciation of the received tradition as well as the creative freedom of the individual authors to locate the tradition in new literary and narrative contexts. The article concludes with a brief reflection of the possibilities and limitations of exploring the synoptic tradition and studying the historical Jesus.
Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on nitrogen use efficiency correlated with yield and yield components of wheat
Authors: Sobhani Seyyed Mohammad Amin , Alavifazel Mojtaba , Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Modhej Adel , Lak Shahram
Published: April 2022

Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases mineral nutrient uptake, especially when nitrogen applies to the fields together with biochar. To evaluate the influence of the biochar application and different levels of nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), yield and yield components of wheat associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) A factorial experiment with in randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented for two years (2016-2018). The experimental factors included nitrogen at four levels (urea source with 46% nitrogen) 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha, Rhizophagus Irregularis inoculum at two levels (without and with application), and biochar at three levels 0, 4 and 8 ton/ha. The results demonstrated that plant inoculated with mycorrhiza inoculum combined with 4 ton/ha of biochar showed a significant increase in, root colonization (8%). The application of will be This study proves that application of 100 kg N/ha with an amount of 4 ton/ha of biochar and AMF inoculationhas a useful and effective role in the enhancement of growth and yieldof wheat.
Model opodatkowania usług komunalnych podatkiem od towarów i usług – wnioski na przykładzie dostaw wody i odbioru ścieków
Authors: Owczarczuk Sławomir
Published: April 2022

Gminy w granicach obowiązującego prawa mogą dokonać wyboru prawnej formy samodzielnego realizowania zadań własnych w zakresie zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę i zbiorowego odprowadzania ścieków (poprzez urząd gminy, gminną jednostkę budżetową, samorządowy zakład budżetowy, spółkę komunalną), jak i prawnej formy współdziałania (poprzez związek międzygminny lub zawarte porozumienie międzygminne). Wybór formy organizacyjno-prawnej i sposobu realizacji działalności komunalnej wiąże się z określonymi skutkami prawnopodatkowymi. Na tym tle pojawia się pytanie: czy forma organizacyjno-prawna, za pomocą której gmina wykonuje usługi komunalne w zakresie dostaw wody i odbioru ścieków, determinuje wysokość deklarowanego z tytułu tej działalności podatku od towarów i usług w zharmonizowanym systemie VAT? Celem artykułu jest również udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze: który wariant działalności komunalnej, dotyczącej zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę i zbiorowego odprowadzania ścieków, pozwala gminom na realizację zasady neutralności i potrącalności VAT oraz w jakim zakresie? Punktem wyjścia do realizacji tak postawionego celu będzie analiza formalno-dogmatyczna unijnego i krajowego prawa podatkowego, uzupełniona elementami metody prawnoporównawczej oraz historycznoprawnej, poglądami doktryny, judykatury, a także orzecznictwem interpretacyjnym organów podatkowych.
O możliwym wykorzystaniu modeli argumentacyjnych w obszarze doktryny i praktyki prawa karnego materialnego – przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors: Fila Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

Artykuł przedstawia propozycję aplikacji stosowanych w teorii argumentacji modeli argumentacyjnych na potrzeby identyfikacji twierdzeń formułowanych w obszarze nauki i praktyki prawa karnego materialnego. Hipotezą badawczą uczyniono założenie, że wbrew pozorom, doktryna i praktyka prawa karnego nie powinny zamykać się tylko wewnątrz tradycyjnej argumentacji retoryczno-topicznej, albowiem mnogość wątków, przewijających się zarówno w obszarze nauki o przestępstwie, jak i innych działach prawa karnego materialnego, niejako wymusza sięgnięcie także po te argumentacje, które są właściwe dla innych modeli, a więc przykładowo dla modeli epistemiczno-technologicznego oraz komunikacyjnego. Tym sposobem wzajemne przenikanie się określonych typów twierdzeń, co uwypuklone zostaje w szczególności w odniesieniu do twierdzeń deontycznych, pozwala na różnicowania znaczenia prawdy w obszarze prawa karnego materialnego i skutkuje zachowaniem spójności metodologicznej pojawiających się na tym gruncie różnorakich w swej istocie argumentów.
Cywilnoprawne konsekwencje wpływu postanowień umowy kredytowej na zdolność kredytową
Authors: Kotlarz Marcin
Published: April 2022

Obowiązek przeprowadzenia oceny zdolności kredytowej ustanowiony w art. 70 ust. 1 ustawy Prawo bankowe jest zwykle uważany za normę o znaczeniu publicznoprawnym, bez wpływu na sferę prywatnoprawną umowy kredytowej. Niemniej jednak pogląd ten jest oparty na wyidealizowanym założeniu o neutralności umów kredytowych wobec ryzyka kredytobiorcy, co nie odpowiada warunkom współczesnego obrotu. Praktyczne doświadczenia dowodzą bowiem, że zdolność kredytowa, a w konsekwencji również wynik jej oceny, mogą zależeć także od konstrukcji umowy kredytowej. W takich przypadkach błędny komunikat o zdolności kredytobiorcy do spłaty zobowiązania nabiera waloru informacji przedkontraktowej, co uzasadnia nie tylko publicznoprawną odpowiedzialność banku, ale i sądową ingerencję w sferę relacji pomiędzy stronami umowy. Zmiana wykładni art. 70 ust. 1 pr.bank., dopuszczająca informacyjną funkcję przepisu oraz prywatnoprawne sankcje za naruszenie jego dyspozycji, uzasadniona jest także zmianami w prawie europejskim i została już zapoczątkowana w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego i Sądów Apelacyjnych.
Bagua
Authors: Gan Shaoduo , Jiang Jiawei , Yuan Binhang , Zhang Ce , Lian Xiangru , Wang Rui , Chang Jianbin , Liu Chengjun , Shi Hongmei , Zhang Shengzhuo , Li Xianghong , Sun Tengxu , Yang Sen , Liu Ji
Published: April 2022

Recent years have witnessed a growing list of systems for distributed data-parallel training. Existing systems largely fit into two paradigms, i.e., parameter server and MPI-style collective operations. On the algorithmic side, researchers have proposed a wide range of techniques to lower the communication via "system relaxations":
quantization, decentralization,
and
communication delay.
However, most, if not all, existing systems only rely on standard synchronous and asynchronous stochastic gradient (SG) based optimization, therefore, cannot take advantage of all possible optimizations that the machine learning community has been developing recently. Given this emerging gap between the current landscapes of systems and theory, we build Bagua, a MPI-style communication library, providing a collection of primitives, that is both flexible and modular to support state-of-the-art system relaxation techniques of distributed training. Powered by this design, Bagua has a great ability to implement and extend various state-of-the-art distributed learning algorithms. In a production cluster with up to 16 machines (128 GPUs), Bagua can outperform PyTorch-DDP, Horovod and BytePS in the end-to-end training time by a significant margin (up to 2X) across a diverse range of tasks. Moreover, we conduct a rigorous tradeoff exploration showing that different algorithms and system relaxations achieve the best performance over different network conditions.
Federated matrix factorization with privacy guarantee
Authors: Li Zitao , Ding Bolin , Zhang Ce , Li Ninghui , Zhou Jingren
Published: April 2022

Matrix factorization (MF) approximates unobserved ratings in a rating matrix, whose rows correspond to users and columns correspond to items to be rated, and has been serving as a fundamental building block in recommendation systems. This paper comprehensively studies the problem of matrix factorization in different
federated learning
(FL) settings, where a set of parties want to cooperate in training but refuse to share data directly. We first propose a generic algorithmic framework for various settings of federated matrix factorization (FMF) and provide a theoretical convergence guarantee. We then systematically characterize privacy-leakage risks in data collection, training, and publishing stages for three different settings and introduce privacy notions to provide end-to-end privacy protections. The first one is
vertical federated learning
(VFL), where multiple parties have the ratings from the same set of users but on disjoint sets of items. The second one is
horizontal federated learning
(HFL), where parties have ratings from different sets of users but on the same set of items. The third setting is
local federated learning
(LFL), where the ratings of the users are only stored on their local devices. We introduce adapted versions of FMF with the privacy notions guaranteed in the three settings. In particular, a new private learning technique called
embedding clipping
is introduced and used in all the three settings to ensure differential privacy. For the LFL setting, we combine differential privacy with secure aggregation to protect the communication between user devices and the server with a strength similar to the local differential privacy model, but much better accuracy. We perform experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
Who Lost the Most? Mathematics Achievement during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Contini Dalit , Di Tommaso Maria Laura , Muratori Caterina , Piazzalunga Daniela , Schiavon Lucia
Published: April 2022

This article estimates the effect of school closures in the spring of 2020 on the math skills of primary school children in Italy, which was the first Western country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, responding with a strict lockdown and total school closures through the end of the school year. Leveraging unique longitudinal data collected in the province of Torino, a large metropolitan area in northern Italy, we analyse the learning outcomes of two adjacent cohorts of pupils, the pre-Covid and the Covid cohort. The pandemic had a large mean negative impact on pupils’ performance in mathematics (−0.19 standard deviations). Learning loss was greater for girls and for high-achieving children of low-educated parents. Net of individual characteristics, the impact was harshest in schools with a disadvantaged social composition.
IUPAC from A Young Chemist’s Perspective
Authors: Lann Yvonne Choo Shuen
Published: April 2022

When you hear the name of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), you would naturally be reminded of the chemical nomenclature you learned in chemistry class or textbooks. At that age, you may have resented the people who created such “complex” naming system to make life difficult for you as a student but as you get older, particularly when you are pursuing chemistry as a career be it in academia or industry, you learn to appreciate the standards that have been put in place to make life easier for you.
Biological reference interval of nitric oxide in health and disease
Authors: Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Singh Archana , Bhattacharjee Jayashree
Published: April 2022

Objectives

There is a need to develop reference interval of NO in health and disease.

Methods

Subjects aged between 25 and 55 years were drawn from a random sample of the north Indian population, based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of NO was done based on principle of greiss reaction.

Results

Reference interval of NO in healthy individual of age group 25–55 years was 21 ± 13.3 μM/L (n=350), Premenopausal women of age group 25–35 years was 12.7 ± 4.9 μM/L (n=180), Postmenopausal women of age group 40–55 years was 10.3 ± 3.84 μM/L (n=100) and healthy pregnant females of age group 25–35 years was 70.9 ± 15.95 μM/L (n=330). In pathological state group, reference interval of NO in metabolic syndrome cases of age group 25–55 years was 19.4 ± 15.3 μM/L (n=100), coronary artery disease patient of age group more than 35 years was 17.6 ± 10.8 μM/L (n=160), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of age group 25–30 years was 45.7 ± 7.2 μM/L (n=330), pre-eclampsia patient of age group 25–35 years was 39.8 ± 14.7 μM/L (n=200) and diabetic individuals of age group of more than 30 years was 15.5 ± 1.4 μM/L (n=50).

Conclusions

The reference intervals presented may be used for various research purposes. Based upon our study, reference interval for NO levels of various disease states like MetS, CAD, diabetes, PIH showed lower levels of NO compared to their respective healthy group due to shared etiopathologies with decreased NO levels.