bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Pocket Gopher Numbers and Selected Environmental Factors in Pelican Valley, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Youmans Clifton
Published: July 2020

This report concerns the current investigation of selected environmental factors on numbers of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in Pelican Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The study is being supported by the University of Wyoming/National Park Service Research Center. I wish to express my appreciation to the following individuals for their contributions to the study: Dr. Robert Moore, Montana State University, who directed the study and aided in the preparation of this report; Drs. Gerald Nielsen, Clifford Montagne, and Lawrence Munn, Montana State University, for aid in classification and analysis of soil from the study area; Drs. James Bradbury and William Dorgan, Montana State University, for aid in identification of placental scars; Dr. Theodore Weaver, Montana State University, for aid in analysis of vegetation data; Roger Rudolph, Sub-district Ranger, for cooperation and assistance in the field.
The Status of the Bald Eagle and Osprey in Grand Teton National Park and Vicinity
Authors: Eng Robert , Alt Kurt
Published: July 2020

With the accelerated use of our national parks there is growing concern over the impact this increased visitation might have on their flora and fauna. For this reason it is important to gather baseline data on the biota for future management and interpretive programs. Two species of concern in Grand Teton National Park are the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and osprey (Pandion haliaetus).
White Pelican Reproduction in the Molly Islands Breeding Colony, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Compared to other North American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, breeding colonies, the Molly Islands Colony is a minor colony consisting of +450 adults (Lier and Behle, 1966; Diem and Condon, 1967; Sloan, 1973; Diem, 1976). Despite its small size, the colony is unique for these reasons: (1) it is the only white pelican breeding colony in a national park; (2) the location of the colony at an elevation of 7,733 ft (2,357 m) is the highest recorded for any breeding colony of the species; (3) discovered in 1890, the colony has had variable surveillance since 1917, with relatively intense monitoring since 1965; (4) the breeding population is composed of birds from both coasts of North America; and (5) the colony's nesting sites on the two Molly Islands change frequently with no predictable pattern. The major objective of this project is to continue monitoring changes in the reproductive success of the Molly Islands white pelican colony and to continue studies of the factors influencing those changes.
Man and Biosphere Natural Resource Atlas for Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth , Mulkey Ronda
Published: July 2020

Baseline information on the status of natural resources, past and present, is a vital ingredient in the decision-making process for natural resource management and in the planning, design and conduct of natural resource research. As a designated Biosphere Reserve in the International Man and Biosphere program (Franklin, 1977), there is a need for baseline information on Yellowstone to be organized into a single, readily available reference source for accurate and rapid assimilation by Park managers and researchers.
Vegetational History of Yellowstone Park as Determined by Pollen Analysis
Authors: Frison George , Beiswenger Jane
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this project was to interpret the vegetational history of the Yellowstone Park area by the analysis of pollen contained in sediment cores from four locations in Yellowstone Lake. The cores, collected by Dr. Robert Smith of the University of Utah, were from the north central portion, the west thumb area, the south arm and the southeast arm of the lake. The cores were to be compared to determine pollen variations within the lake. Differences between a small pond and a large lake basin in reflecting climatic change were to be studied by comparing the results with pollen counts from Fifteen Foot Lagoon (Baker, 1976).
Summary of the 1978 Northwestern Wyoming Archeological Project
Authors: Wright Gary
Published: July 2020

Only a brief summary of the results can be presented at this time as the data are still being analyzed. Mitigation was completed on the reconstruction of the Mammoth Water System, Yellowstone National Park. The system begins at the intake at the confluence of Indian Creek and the Gardner River. The pipeline runs into Mammoth Hot Springs. Our field research consisted of the recording of cultural resources, test excavations at 50 meter intervals along the pipeline, and the excavation of the Bear Claw site (48YE504). The latter produced a range of projectile point types suggesting intermittent occupations of the site back to at least 7000 B.P. Also recovered were parts of a butchered elk (Cervus canadensis) in association with obsidian tools. Eventually, we will be able to obtain obsidian hydration dates from these tools and hence some minimal data concerning the temporal duration of elk in northern Yellowstone Park.
The Effect of Prescribed Burning at Different Fuel Moisture Levels on Vegetation and Soils of Grasslands in Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Gartner F.
Published: July 2020

One of the major grassland communities in Wind Cave National Park is the little bluestem - big bluestem - sideoats grama (Schizachyrium scoparius-Andropogon gerardi-Bouteloua curtipendula) Community. The effects of fire on the components of this plant community were deemed important because: 1) this warm season community occupies a significant portion of the grasslands of the Park; 2) the community occurs on soils that are usually shallow, rocky, and weakly developed and are, therefore, highly susceptible to erosion if the plant cover is reduced by fire; and 3) previous pilot studies have indicated a wide variation in response to fire by the major components of this community, possibly due to variations in fuel and soil moisture at the time of ignition.
Parasites of Ungulates in the Jackson Hole Area: Scarabaeoid Beetles Acting on Lungworm, Dictyocaulus hadweni, Larvae in Elk Feces 1979
Authors: Bergstrom Robert
Published: July 2020

The lungworm of elk, Dictyocaulus hadweni (syn: D. viviparus) has been noted in elk since the early 1900's. It is interesting to note that a high percentage of the elk in Teton National Park are positive for lungworm in the spring. Fewer elk are infected as the summer and fall vegetation is usually sufficiently good to allow the elk an abundance of food and a resultant physiological condition that is excellent. Perhaps elk serum proteins are somewhat low in the April-May period when the physiological "low" is reached by the elk . The lack of immunoglobulins may, in part, explain the high prevalence of lungworm infections in elk of the Tetons during early spring months.
Biology and Reproductive Behaviour of Cyphoderris strepitans
Authors: Morris G. , Gwynne D.
Published: July 2020

Cyphoderris is a primitive orthoptera genus, a relict of the family Haglidae. This family is known almost exclusively from fossil remains (Sharov, 1968). Only one other recent genus exists, Prophalangopsis, based upon a single specimen collected in Asia before the turn of the century (Zeune, 1939).
Population Study of Canada Geese of Jackson Hole
Authors: Zeveloff Samuel
Published: July 2020

Although the number of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in the United States has nearly doubled between 1955 and 1974, Pacific Flyway populations declined 10 percent (Bellrose, 1976). The decline's causes are not obvious and it may be important to determine the relative role of the individual populations in these dynamics. During earlier work, Dimmick (1968) concluded that the 1964 breeding population of Canada geese in Jackson Hole was stabilized at approximately 300 pairs with 40-47 percent consisting of breeding pairs. In order to determine how dramatic land use changes in this area may have affected the geese, this study compares current conditions and the resulting population status with those of the late 1940's (Craighead and Craighead, 1949) and the early 1960's.
An Ecologic Study of the Habitat Types of Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park, North Dakota
Authors: Hansen Paul , Hopkins Ricky , Hoffman George
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this study, initiated in May, 1978, were to study and delimit the habitat types of Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park (TRNMP), North Dakota, to collect and tabulate the vascular plants, to determine the edaphic characteristics of the habitat types, and to collect animal species of the habitat types. There have been few studies of habitat types in grassland areas; this one is the first in western North Dakota. The habitat type concept was developed to assess the ecologic status of forest vegetation of the Northern Rocky Mountains (Daubenmire 1952, Daubenmire and Daubenmire 1968). Later Daubenmire (1970) used the same concepts in an analysis of steppe vegetation of eastern Washington. This basic ecologic concept has been used since in a number of studies throughout the Rocky Mountain region (Pfister et al. 1977, Reed 1971, 1976, Wirsing and Alexander 1975, Hoffman and Alexander 1976). The basic nature of this ecologic concept permits wide usage in vegetation studies. Additionally, following the basic habitat type delimitation, follow-up studies can relate the habitat types to other aspects of the biotic community. Examples include studies on primary productivity, disease susceptibility of tree species, potential for wildlife, soil moisture regimes, small mammal distributions (Daubenmire 1973, Hoffman 1960, Layser 1974, Mackee 1970, Rickard 1960).
Study of the Current and Historic Natural Resources of the Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site
Authors: Weist K. , Wilson P. , Lowe J. , Willard E.
Published: July 2020

Fort Union Trading Post was one of the largest and most important fur posts on the Upper Missouri, described by Hiram Chittenden as "... the best built post on the Missouri, and with the possible exception of Bent's fort on the Arkansas, the best in the entire West" (1954:2:959). Fort Union was an important focal point for the Assiniboine, Cree, and Crow tribes who came there to trade, receive their annuities, and learn about White activities. The financial success of the post depended upon the hunt]ng and trapping efforts of these Indians who brought in bison robes and other animal pelts to trade for White-make goods. Thus, the success of the post was directly related to the natural resources of the area. Our research describes these resources-- the mammals, reptiles, birds, insects and plants--both at the present time (1979) and historically.
Hybridization between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout: Evidence from Biochemical Genetic Loci
Authors: Loudenslager Eric , Gall G.
Published: July 2020

Cutthroat, Salmo clarki, and rainbow, Salmo gairdneri, trout are largely allopatric, closely related species. Where naturally sympatric ecological isolating mechanisms maintain species identity. However, the inland subspecies of cutthroat trout which did not evolve in sympatry with rainbows are thought to freely hybridize with rainbow trout which have been introduced for recreational purposes. Because of the mass introductions of rainbow trout fish managers have become increasingly concerned about the purity of the dwindling stocks of native cutthroats.
Biochemical Ecology of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria 1979 Field Study in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Ramaley Robert , Jones Lily
Published: July 2020

The primary objective of the brief (one week) 1979 summer field studies conducted in Yellowstone National Park was to collect samples of the pink filamentous bacterial masses growing at 80-90Â° C in two Yellowstone hot spring runoff channels (Octopus Spring and Artist's Paint-pots) for subsequent biochemical analysis. In addition, samples were also taken from the runoff channels for bacterial culture and isolation of extremely thermophilic bacteria (including actinomycetes) and some additional Yellowstone thermal areas were also surveyed for the presence of the pink filamentous bacterial masses.
Forest Fire History in Relation to Landscape Diversity on the Little Firehole River Watershed, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Romme William , Knight Dennis
Published: July 2020

Fire is now recognized as a major ecosystem process and Yellowstone National Park has recently implemented a fire management plan that permits lightning fires to burn without interference under certain conditions. To predict the kinds of wildfires we can now expect in the Park, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this plan in restoring fire to the Yellowstone ecosystem, it is important to know the natural frequency and size of wildfires under pristine conditions. This study, which began in 1977 and was completed in August 1979, had the following objectives: (1) to determine the incidence and size of major fires during the last 300-400 years on the 73-km2 Little Firehole River watershed, an area dominated by extensive lodgepole pine and some spruce-fir forests; (2) to determine average fire frequency, i.e., the time interval between successive major fires on any particular sites; (3) to determine the relationships between stand age or successional stage and fuel accumulation or the probability of fire; and (4) to examine the effect of fire on patterns of landscape diversity. Three components of landscape diversity were recognized - richness, evenness, and patchiness. Richness is simply the number of different community types represented, while evenness is an expression of the proportion of the landscape covered by each community type (maximum evenness occurring when every type occupies an equal area). The patchiness component is based on the size and interspersion of the community types.
Effect of Prescribed Burning at Different Fuel Moisture Levels on Grasslands in Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Gartner F. , White E. , Worcester L.
Published: July 2020

The study was designed to determine whether different fuel and soil moisture levels at time of ignition would alter the response of key grass species to prescribed burning. Grasslands occupy approximately 75% of the area of Wind Cave National Park (WCNP); the remainder is dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), according to Lovass (1973). The Soil Conservation Service (1969) classed only about 17% of the Park area as woodland. Nearly all grassland adjacent to woodland has been invaded by ponderosa pine. Almost without exception, pine invades the little bluestem - big bluestem (Schizachyrium scorparium - Andropogon gerardi) community, but not the wheatgrass - needle-grass - grama (Andropogon - Stipa- Bouteloua) community. While these two communities are frequently interspersed, the bluestem community probably occupies the largest percentage of the total grassland area. The general relationships between fuel moisture content and fire spread (or ease of control) are well known. However, relationships between fuel and surface soil moisture content and responses of plant species to burning are not well documented. Since the key grass species of the bluestem community are major dominants throughout the Park, that community was selected for the study. Examined were the effects of three fuel moisture levels (dry, medium and wet) at ignition on postburn species composition, cover, height, weight, soil moisture and soil chemistry. The design also included an unburned (control) treatment.
National Park Service Areas Cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of National Park Service Areas Cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center including Wyoming and Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota.
Biostratigraphic and Biogeographic Implications of Miocene Mammals from Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Authors: Barnosky A.
Published: July 2020

Under the auspices of the U. S. Geological Survey and the University of Washington, detailed investigations of Miocene vertebrates and sediments in Jackson Hole, Wyoming commenced in 1979. Principal objectives of this research include: 1. Documenting the occurrence of mid-Tertiary mammals from Jackson Hole. Although fossils have been reported from Miocene rocks in the region (Love, 1956; Sutton and Black, 1972), existing collections are small. 2. Biostratigraphic correlation of isolated vertebrate localities throughout the northern Rocky Mountains with the superimposed localities in and near Grand Teton National Park. Such correlation will help determine whether regional or local tectonic events caused downwarping of Jackson Hole and uplift of the Teton Range. 3. Clarifying geographic variation of some small mammals through long periods of geologic time by comparison of West Coast (Rensberger, 1971, 1973;Â· Martin, 1979), Great Plains (Macdonald, 1963, 1970; Galbreath, 1953; Wilson, 1960), and the newly collected Jackson Hole faunas. This report summarizes accomplishments of the 1980 field season. Approximately one more season of field work and an ensuing year of data analysis are required before a final report will be available.
Late Miocene Vegetational History of Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Authors: Barnosky C.
Published: July 2020

The frequent reassortment of angiosperms to form new communities, a dominant feature of the Quaternary record, has seldom been recognized in earlier periods. In fact, analysis of fossil floras in North America suggests that Tertiary plant communities were relatively stable over long periods of time (for example, Hickey, 1977; MacGinitie, 1969; Wolfe, 1975). This stability suggests that either the record has not been studied in sufficient detail or that the factors controlling plant and environment interactions were less variable than in the Quaternary. If the latter hypothesis is true, the botanical record of the last 1.8x 10^6 yr may be an atypical model on which to base our understanding of community evolution . To assess the importance of short-term variation in Tertiary plant communities, detailed botanical analyses of continuous stratigraphic sections are needed. In particular, a pollen record through a lacustrine sequence is critical for recognizing rapid, floristic or vegetational changes on a regional scale. Thus far, such recognition has been difficult because our understanding of floristic development is based primarily on plant megafossils. While such material provides information on the riparian flora adjacent to a depositional site, it reveals little about regional patterns.
Contemporary Tectonics and Seismicity of the Teton and Southern Yellowstone Fault Systems- Phase I
Authors: Smith Robert , Doser Diane
Published: July 2020

The regional earthquake patterns of the Jackson Hole region are poorly known compared to other areas of the Intermountain region. The only published compilation is that reported by Smith, Pelton, and Love (1977) which shows the historic regional earthquakes. While these are the only long-term data available the epicenters may be in error up to 20-30 km because of the lack of close-in stations.
Local and Long-Range Movements of Bald Eagles Associated with the Autumn Concentration in Glacier National Park, Montana
Authors: McClelland B. , Young L. , Shea D. , Allen H. , Crenshaw J. , McClelland P.
Published: July 2020

A concentration of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) along lower McDonald Creek in Glacier National Park was first recorded in November 1939, when 37 were observed (Shea 1978). On that occasion and during each subsequent autumn, bald eagles have congregated to feed on spawning kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Kokanee is a non-native species, first introduced in the Flathead River drainage (in which McDonald Creek occurs) in 1978. Preliminary data suggest that there may be nearly 1,000 bald eagles now stopping at the Glacier concentration annually, although maximum counts are well below this level because of a high turnover rate. The northern subspecies of the bald eagle was classified as endangered in February 1978 under the aegis of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and subsequent amendments. This conveys a high level of responsibility upon managers of lands and waters used by bald eagles and demands a commitment to effective habitat management. The purpose of our research is to provide information essential to such management - knowledge of movement patterns, spatial and temporal distributions, numbers, and morhpology - directly benefiting not only Glacier National Park managers, but all public agencies, industrial corporations and private land owners responsible for bald eagle habitat. This report summarizes the first part of the fourth year of a study of the ecology of Bald Eagles associated with the Glacier concentration. At this writing eagles are being tracked in the western states. Most data from this autumn have not yet been analyzed.
Mountain Pine Bettle Infestation: Cycling and Succession in Lodgepole Pine Forest
Authors: Yavitt J. , Knight D.
Published: July 2020

A research project was initiated in the summer of 1980 to study the effect of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks on forests dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. In the past twenty years, beetle outbreaks have become an increasing problem in the Park. These series of infestations first appeared in the Bechler Meadows area in the early 1960's, and have since spread northward with the most recent outbreaks occurring in stands along the Gallatin River. Based on aerial surveys, the highest concentration of beetle activity is currently centered in the West Yellowstone Madison River Canyon area of the Park. Since bark beetle infestations are a natural disturbance or perturbation similar to fire, knowledge of the structure and function of the forest on disturbed patches is vital to the ecological understanding of the landscape. Although the population ecology of mountain pine beetle in pine forests has been well documented (Coulson 1979), little has been done on their effect on ecosystem characteristics. Our approach has been to study 1) various nutrient cycling characteristics, 2) surviving tree growth, 3) succession, and 4) fuel accumulation patterns in a series of stands with different histories of beetle disturbance. The stands were selected to represent a chronosequence of beetle activity, dating from about 1965 to the present.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON RESEARCH AT UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RESEARCH CENTER
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of publications on Research at the University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center updated in 1980.
Front Matter and Table of Contents
Authors: The National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
Paleoenvironments and Paleoecology of the Green River Formation in Fossil Basin (Fossil Butte National Monument), Wyoming
Authors: Buchheim H.
Published: July 2020

In cooperation with Fossil Butte National Monument detailed paleontological and geological investigations of Eocene "Fossil Lake" (Green River Formation) were conducted during the summer of 1981. The principle objectives of this research are to determine the paleoenvironments and paleoecology of Fossil Lake by: 1) documenting the vertical stratigraphic distribution of the fossil biota and trace fossils; 2) determining the lateral variations in biota during a particular time interval; 3) mapping the lake deposits with particular emphasis on the extent of the "Lower Oil Shale Horizon" and approximate positions of the ancient shorelines, deltas, and islands; and 4) measuring stratigraphic sections and correlating important sedimentary units throughout the basin.
Factors Influencing the Seedling Establishment of Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir
Authors: Knapp A. , Smith W.
Published: July 2020

Prescribed burning in U.S. National Parks has been employed as a substitute for natural fires to achieve vegetation and/or wildlife management objectives (Habeck 1970). One specific management objective in Glacier National Park (GNP) is the restoration of plant community diversity to pre-fire-suppression levels.
Analysis of the Long-Term Impacts and Benefits of Grand Teton National Park on the Economy of Teton County, Wyoming
Authors: Gerking Shelby , Merrifield John
Published: July 2020

The research underway has two primary objectives. The first of these is to document the impact of Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) on the demographic characteristics and economy of Teton County. Such documentation will provide a basis to address specific local concerns expressed about some GTNP management policies. The second major objective is to improve the National Park Service's (NPS) ability to predict the economic impact of management policies being considered, thus enabling the NPS to make adjustments in policies where appropriate. The capability to make such predictions will reduce controversy and conflict, and thereby improve the decision-making environment. It will also enable the NPS to update many of the findings of the research, thus maintaining the value of the study well beyond the period immediately following its completion.
Bighorn Basin Natural Resource Data Assessment
Authors: Wesche Thomas , Anderson Stanley , Eifert Walter
Published: July 2020

The primary goal of this study is to establish the mechanism for a benchmark evaluation of the natural resource conditions of the Bighorn Basin prior to 1983. To accomplish this goal, the principal obectives of this investigation are two fold: 1. By means of literature and computer searches and extensive personal communication with key personnel of a variety of agencies, institutions, and other entities, systematically locate and establish the sources, nature, and availability of both quantitative and qualitative data from the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming dealing with: a. aquatic and riparian habitat; b. land and water uses; c. wildlife and fishery resources; and d. water resources. 2. Compile, categorize and key-word bibliographic information reviewed under Obective No. 1, and enter these data onto a computerized bibliographic storage and retrieval system compatible with the University of Wyoming's Cyber System.
Age and Depositional Environment of Miocene and Pliocene Rocks in Jackson Hole (Teton County), Wyoming
Authors: Barnosky Anthony
Published: July 2020

Field work in 1982 completed the data collection for a 3-year project to study the Neogene geology and mammlian paleontology of Jackson Hole. The primary objectives are to more precisely determine the age of Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the area, and to clarify the depositional environment of the Miocene Colter Formation (Barnosky, 1980, 1981).
Late-Quaternary Vegetation History of Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Authors: Barnosky Cathy
Published: July 2020

During the late Quaternary, the Jackson Hole area has reen repeatedly glaciated-the most recent and least extensive ice advance occurred during the Pinedale Glaciation (ca. 25,000-9,000 yr B.P.; Love and Reed, 1971). The objective of this research is to study the vegetation history of Jackson Hole since Pinedale time, as a means of interpreting the development and stability of modern plant communities. The research is based on an examination of pollen and plant-macrofossiil records contained in lake-sediment cores collected near the former ice margin. The environmental history of this region is poorly known and the paleoecological information provided by this study should help fill a gap in our understanding of the vegetation, climate, and glacial history of the Northern Rocky Mountains.
A Survey of Alpine Lakes in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Parker Michael , Gulley David
Published: July 2020

The major objective of the study in progress is to provide baseline data on 90 alpine (above 2700 m) lakes located within Grand Teton National Park. Such baseline data are required for park management and to assess the future perturbations to the lakes (e.g., acid rain and other human impacts).
Yellowstone Lake: An Evaluation of Patterns in Productivity
Authors: Romme W. , Knight D.
Published: July 2020

There is evidence to suggest that the primary productivity of Yellowstone Lake may have decreased during the last 1500 years, with an accelerated decline in the last 100 years. Shero and Parker (1977) analyzed diatom frustules preserved in lake sediments and described a gradual decrease in both numbers and volume of frustules over the past 1500 years, although species composition has remained relatively constant. Varley (1974, and personal communication) compared chemical analyses of lake water made in 1884 with recent analyses and found 1ower concentrations of several elements in the recent samples. He also notes that early visitors at the Lake Hotel often complained about the offensive smell of rotting "sea weed" piled 3-4 feet deep on the beach, whereas only scattered macrophyte detritus can be found on the lake shore today.
Prairie Dog Dispersal and Habitat Preference in Badlands National Park
Authors: Cincotta R. , Hansen R. , Uresk D.
Published: July 2020

The objective of the research project is to create a conceptual model of blacktailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) town ecology which provides information concerning habitat selection in terms of vegetation and soils along the periphery of Badlands National park. The study is designed, as well, to produce information on expansion and reinvasion rates along eradicated town edges, and to document the effect of this rodent upon range conditions in these areas. The study is presently in its 3rd and final year of research. The following report outlines an experiment which was designed to test a model which explains town expansion based upon some rather simple environmental variables. Though it will, no doubt, fall far short of explaining dispersal activities, the model provides a framework upon which management decisions can be based.
An Assessment of Research Needs to Develop Legal Bases for Challenging External Threats to Glacier National Park
Authors: Keiter Robert , Hubert Wayne
Published: July 2020

The research objectives are threefold. First, the research will identify specific external threats faced by Glacier National Park (GNP) and prioritize the threats in terms of the potential impact they pose to the GNP environment. Second, the study will identify and explain federal and state environmental laws which apply or might apply to regulate identified high priority external threats and ameliorate the impact of such threats on the park. Third, the study will identify and assess available scientific information and research data which is relevant to the legal standards established by the statutes. This should enable GNP officials to assess their legal position regarding identified external threats, and it should assist them in planning additional research to document existing potential violations and to determine whether other violations have occurred as a result of activity external to the park.
Life History Strategies of the Montane Vole, Microtus montanus
Authors: Jannett, Jr. Frederick
Published: July 2020

Emphasis in microtine rodent biology has historically been placed on population regulation and the population cycle. Until recently, little attention has been directed to behavior and sociality in microtine rodents, but work on the sociobiology of the montane vole (Jannett., 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982) is serving to integrate various aspects of the biology of this species so that its life history characteristics can be interpreted in an evolutionary framework. Work undertaken in 1983 continues previously initiated surveys of various topics, such as synchrony of population events in different populations, survivorship, scent gland development, patterns of cranial and dental variation, population trends in a sympatric species of vole (M. longicaudus), and reproduction in a primary predator, the shorttail weasel (Mustela erminea). In addition, work in 1983 was initiated on genic substructuring of populations as indicated by electrophoretic analyses of tissues.
A Survey of Alpine Lakes in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Parker Michael , Gulley David
Published: July 2020

The major objective of this study was to provide baseline data on alpine lakes located within Grand Teton National Park. Park management requires baseline data to assess possible future perturbations to the lakes (e.g., acid rain and other human impacts). Another objective was to analyze the data in a manner that provides useful interpretations for other scientists and for park managers.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS COOPERATING WITH THE U.W.-N.P.S. RESEARCH CENTER, 1983.
Authors: The National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a Summary of Research Activities within the National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center for 1983, including Badlands National Monument, Devils Tower National Monument, Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Fossil Butte National Monument, Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Wind Cave National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
Front Matter and Table of Contents
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
Vertebrate Inventory for Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Authors: Anderson Stanley , Hubert Wayne , Duvall David
Published: July 2020

The study is designed to inventory vertebrates in Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area using standardized censusing techniques and field observation. Locations, numbers, status, and habitat associations will be determined.
Parasites of Ruminants in the Jackson Hole Area: Scarabaeoid Beetles Acting on Lungworm, Dictyocaulus hadweni, Larvae in Elk and Cattle Feces
Authors: Bergstrom Robert
Published: July 2020

A knowledge of current prevalence and intensity of lungworm infections in elk and domestic ruminants sharing the same range would be useful to wildlife managers, ranchers, forest service personnel and others. Limited epidemiological studies of the interaction of hosts and their parasites and the possibilities of cross-transmission from wild to domestic ruminants or from domestic to wild ruminants have been conducted in Georgia (Davidson, et aL, 1981) and on a similar scale in some other states but not in Wyoming.
Evaluation of the Berry Creek-Owl Creek Cutthroat Trout Fishery in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Hubert Wayne
Published: July 2020

Little is known about the wild cutthroat trout fishery of Berry Creek and Owl Creek located in Grand Teton National Park. No baseline information has been gathered on fishing pressure, harvest, population structure or life history characteristics for stocks from either stream. The creeks have a reputation for quality cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) fishing. Wild trout fisheries are highly susceptible to over-harvest and relatively little fishing pressure can cause stock composition to be dominated by subcatchable-sized fish.
National Park Service Areas Cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of National Park Service areas cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center including Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota.
Social Interactions, Movements and Activity of River Otters in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Hall Joseph
Published: July 2020

There are several goals of the river otter project. One is assessing year-to-year variations in population densities, primarily in the Jackson Lake Dam to Deadman's Bar section of the Snake River. Another is evaluation of habitat preferences on this section. A third objective is documenting behavioral reactions among otters and between otters and other species living in the riparian habitat. Finally, I wish to obtain a picture of the summer activity-cycle on a 24-hour basis.
Life History Strategies of the Montane Vole, Microtus montanus
Authors: Jannett, Jr. Frederick
Published: July 2020

Emphasis in microtine rodent biology has historically been placed on population regulation and the population cycle. Until recently, little attention has been directed to behavior and sociality in microtine rodents, but work on the sociobiology of the montane vole (Jannett, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984) is serving to integrate various aspects of the biology of this species so that its life history characteristics can be interpreted in an evolutionary framework. Work undertaken in 1984 continues previously initiated surveys of various topics, such as synchrony of population events in different populations, survivorship, scent gland development, patterns of cranial and dental variation, population trends in a sympatric species of vole (M. longicaudus), and reproduction in a primary predator, the shorttail weasel (Mustela erminea).
Thermophilic and Pathogenic Amoebae From Hot Springs in Wyoming
Authors: O'Dell William , Ramaley Robert
Published: July 2020

The long range goal of this research is to document the occurrence of pathogenic amoebae in thermal habitats that have been altered or disturbed by human activity. Immediate goals for this year included the development of reliable methods of detection for use in the field, the determination of the incidence and prevalence of thermophilic Naegleria in selected hot springs of Wyoming, and the investigation of potential natural sources of Naegleria. In addition, we initiated a cooperative project with Dr. A. J. Pinter to document the endoparasites of small mammals of the Grand Teton National Park.
Exotic Plants of Northern Rocky Mountain Environmental Zones
Authors: Woods Bryant , Weaver Tad
Published: July 2020

The Rocky Mountain exotic plant project is designed to determine (1) what exotics are capable of invading disturbed sites in major vegetational (environmental) zones of the Northern Rocky Mountains and (2) whether they are capable of invading near-climax closed vegetation in these zones. As an accessory activity we are determining (3) what natives are invading the same disturbed zones since we hope to find, among them, species likely to be successful on these sites and therefore species that might competitively exclude exotic invaders. A second accessory project of interest to managers, but with less immediate scientific value, was designed to (4) record the present distribution of major weeds along roadsides of Grand Teton National Park as they were recorded in Glacier during 1983-84.
A Survey of the Vegetation of Jewel Cave National Monument
Authors: Marriott Hollis , Hartman Ronald
Published: July 2020

Jewel Cave National Monument (hence referred to as JECA) occupies 516 ha on the southwestern edge of the Limestone Plateau area of the Black Hills (Custer Co., South Dakota). Underlain by the resistant Pahasapa limestone (Mississippian), it is characterized by steep topography and deep canyons, with elevations ranging from roughly 1550 to 1750 m above sea level. Ponderosa pine forest dominates the landscape. Much of the forest was logged at least once prior to being incorporated into the Monument during a US Forest Service-National Park Service land swap in the early 1960's. Roughly one quarter section (the "old area") was part of the original Monument and has not been logged.
Distribution, Movements, Habitat Usage, Food Habitats, and Associated Behavior of Reintroduced Elk in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Authors: Irby Lynn , Marlow Clayton , Picton Harold , Sullivan Mark
Published: July 2020

Objectives, 1. Determination of daily and seasonal movements of elk (Cervus elaphus). 2. Identification of vegetation and physiographic characteristics of habitats and/or habitat complexes used for feeding, cover, mating, and calving. 3. Determination of seasonal and yearlong range. 4. Identification of actual or potential damage to park resources (including structures, vegetation, and other animals) that could be attributed to introduction of elk. 5. Description of daily and seasonal activity and behavior patterns of elk. 6. Description of elk population changes during the study, and prediction of elk carrying capacity for each unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP).
White Pelican Reproduction in the Molly Islands Breeding Colony, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Compared to other North American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, breeding colonies, the Molly Islands Colony is a minor colony consisting of 400-600 adults (Lier and Behle, 1966; Diem and Condon, 1967; Sloan, 1973; Diem, 1976). Despite its small size, the colony is unique for these reasons: 1) it is the only White Pelican breeding colony in a national park; 2) the location of the colony at an elevation of 7,733 ft (2,357 m) is the highest recorded for any breeding colony of the species; 3) discovered in 1890, the colony has had variable surveillance since 1917, with relatively intense monitoring since 1965; 4) the breeding population is composed of birds from both coasts of North America; and 5) the colony's nesting sites on the two Molly Islands change frequently with no predictable pattern. In addition, a cumulative substrate uplift along the north shore of Yellowstone Lake appears to have significantly raised the stable water level of the southern arms of the lake. Consequently, the major objective of this project is to continue monitoring changes in the reproductive success of the Molly Islands White Pelican colony and to continue studies of the factors influencing those changes.
Researchers at the Jackson Hole Research Station and their Institutional Affiliations 1946-1985
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of Researchers at the Jackson Hole Research Station and their Institutional Affiliations from 1946-1985.
National Park Service Areas Cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S.
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of National Park Service areas cooperating with U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center including Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota and Utah.
An Analysis of Relict Plant Communities of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Authors: MacMahon James , Tuhy Joel
Published: July 2020

This work being conducted on the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (NRA) has two primary goals, each of which contains two specific objectives. The first major goal is to characterize the vegetation communities of the NRA. Specific objectives are to (1) develop a cover-type vegetation classification, and (2) prepare a map of these vegetation units, for the NRA. The second major goal is to seek relict examples of the range of vegetation types defined under the first goal. Specific objectives are to (1) develop a list of known and potential relict areas in the NRA, and (2) inspect and obtain quantitative descriptions of as many of these areas as possible. Identification of relict areas in the Glen Canyon NRA will provide places for basic scientific research in unaltered ecosystems. Further, such areas have value for the applied sciences of resource management, by defining the productive potentials of ecosystems. Relict areas are also reference points for guiding the reclamation of disturbed areas. The latter two points are especially important in the NRA, given that grazing and some minerals activity still occur there.
Ecology of River Otters in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Hall Joseph
Published: July 2020

Obtaining additional information on populations, movements, activity patterns and habitat preferences are the main goals of this study. Special efforts were made to try to round out an understanding of the nocturnal phase of an otter's 24-hour activity cycle.
Snow Avalanches and Vegetation Pattern in Cascade Canyon, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Patten Robin , Knight Dennis
Published: July 2020

Snow avalanches are an important factor in the landscape of Cascade Canyon, influencing both the vegetation types and their distribution. The relationship between avalanches and vegetation is most apparent in the conifer woodlands. Large-conifer woodlands are found primarily outside of avalanche areas while essentially all of the Small-conifer woodlands are within avalanche areas. This suggests that Small-conifer woodlands are created and maintained by avalanches. Slope aspect is also important in the vegetation pattern of Cascade Canyon. Environmental conditions resulting from the aspect of the slope affect vegetation distributions and potentially reduce the importance of avalanches in structuring vegetation patterns, especially on the south-facing slope.
The Teton Country: An Anthology
Authors: Righter Robert
Published: July 2020

Jackson Hole, the Teton Range and the Yellowstone Country are perhaps unmatched in alpine beauty. Millions of Americans yearly draw inspiration and renewal through visiting this diverse region of nature's splendors unsurpassed. Yet the region was among the last to be revealed to the American people. Certainly not because the region is uninteresting. On the contrary, it represents one of the most geologically intriguing and scenically compelling lands within America. No, the region was unknown for more practical reasons. It was hundreds of miles distant from the primary immigrant routes across the nation. No significant mineral strikes provided "instant urbanization." Not even pioneer farmers or cattlemen found the region attractive. Altitude, deep snows, shallow soil, and a short growing combined to discourage farmers. Ranchers did better but struggled during the long winters. Even the timber was classed inferior. Lodgepole Pine trees of marginal commercial worth carpeted the hills. Lumbermen found opportunity further west, amongst the mist and fog-shrouded coastal ranges of the Pacific Slope. In short, aside from scenery and some rather bizarre geothermal activity, there was little attraction to the Greater Yellowstone area, and no reason for settlement.
Factors Controlling Flavonoid Concentration in Flowers
Authors: Scogin Ron
Published: July 2020

Flavonoid compounds in flowers serve two presently known functions: (1) they act as floral pigments which attract pollinators and (2) they function as a screen for potentially damaging ultraviolet (UV) wavelength radiation. The research I performed at the Research Center reeks to evaluate the relative importance of these two functions between alpine and Jackson Lake-level elevations in Grand Teton National Park.
White Pelican Reproduction in the Molly Islands Breeding Colony, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Compared to other North American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, breeding colonies, the Molly Islands Colony is a minor colony consisting of 400-600 adults (Lier and Behle, 1966; Diem and Condon, 1967; Sloan, 1973; Diem, 1976). Despite its small size, the colony is unique for these reasons: 1) it is the only White Pelican breeding colony in a national park; 2) the location of the colony at an elevation of 7,733 ft (2,357 m) is the highest recorded for any breeding colony of the species; 3) discovered in 1890, the colony has had variable surveillance since 1917, with relatively intense monitoring since 1965; 4) the breeding population is composed of birds from both coasts of North America; and 5) the colony's nesting sites on the two Molly Islands change frequently with no predictable pattern. In addition, a cumulative substrate uplift along the north shore of Yellowstone Lake appears to have significantly raised the stable water level of the southern arms of the lake. Consequently, the major objective of this project is to continue monitoring changes in the reproductive success of the Molly Islands White Pelican colony and to continue studies of the factors influencing these changes.