bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Market Guardian: How Can Antitrust Ensure Fair Competition on Labor Markets?
Authors: Winckler Antoine , Lonmon Ariane
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the focus of both academia and competition authorities in competition law has been shifting quickly. Going beyond their traditional roles as defined on the basis of the 1980s post-Chicago paradigms, regulators, economists, and lawyers are increasingly examining whether and to what extent competition law can address new and pressing issues like the climate crisis, welfare distribution/inequality, or the labor market.
Efficacy of Endjululu-Kapassarinho (Datura Stramonium) in controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) in corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kinhama Victorino Correia , Sousa Neto Fernando Francisco de
Published: March 2024

The work aimed of analyzing the effectiveness of extracts obtained from the different plant parts of Endjululu-Kapassarinho (Datura Stramonium) in controlling the third instar cartridge caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize (Zea mays L.). Research into biological control methods is emerging as a prime alternative to bio-insecticides. This is a qualitative-quantitative trial, conducted in the Chemistry laboratory of the Instituto Superior Politécnico of Cuanza Sul and Instituto Técnico Agrário to Waku Kungo, from January to June 2023. For the study, vegetative parts of the Edjululu-Kapassarinho plant were collected, crushed and the concentrations formed: T0=0ml, T1=20ml, T2=40ml, T3=60ml, T4=80ml and T5=100ml. Using the zigzag routing method, the caterpillars were collected and then fasted for two hours before being placed in the treatment concentrations of each vegetative part for observation at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours respectively. Caterpillar mortality increased after 24 hours at all concentrations, showing 98% mortality with the leaf-based extract, 96% with the stem-based extract, 90% with the fruit-based extract and 79% with the root-based extract. In view of the results, the aqueous plant extracts of the Endjululu-Kapassarinho plant (Datura Stramonium) proved to be efficient in controlling the cartridge caterpillar, with the leaf-based extract, and is the effective extract for controlling the cartridge caterpillar in the maize crop, ecological, preserving the environment.
CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS H19, TUG1, GAS5, MIAT DURING MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khetsuriani M. , Drevytska T.I. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shysh A.M. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the most numerous group of transcripts performing various functions, including the development of cardiovascular pathologies. We investigated the changes in expression of four long non-coding RNAs (H19, TUG1, GAS5, MIAT) under conditions of anoxia-reoxygenation in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte culture and ischemia-reperfusion in adult Wistar rats. A significant decrease in the expression of all four long non-coding RNAs in cell culture under experimental conditions was established. The regime of prolonged anoxia-reoxygenation led to a sharp increase in the expression level of long non-coding RNA MIAT by twice, but compared to normoxia, these changes were not significant. After ischemia-reperfusion in rat myocardium, the content of long non-coding RNA TUG1 increased by 22 times, while the expression of H19 decreased by 3.79 times, and in rat plasma, the expression of long non-coding RNA MIAT increased by 3.79 times. The obtained results allow considering long non-coding RNAs H19 and TUG1 as potential targets in ischemic myocardial injury, and MIAT as a biomarker of cardiovascular pathologies.
In-depth Historical Analysis of Healthcare Screening Systems
Authors: Cunha Maria Nascimento
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The management facilitated by Triage Systems raises numerous inquiries for both healthcare professionals and users, rendering it an increasingly pertinent concern. In Portugal, emergency services cater to millions of individuals annually. The dynamic shifts in care are abundant and contingent on the specific nature of the healthcare required. Change, therefore, stands as a perpetual element in the realm of medicine, with alterations unfolding at an accelerating pace and growing complexity. Within the realm of emergency services, Triage serves as the inaugural stage in the healthcare delivery process. It necessitates a meticulous and rigorous approach, a task reserved for adept professionals who are adequately prepared for responsibility. The intricate nature of Triage underscores its pivotal role, setting the tone for the subsequent stages of healthcare provision. As the landscape of healthcare continues to evolve, the effectiveness and precision of Triage become even more crucial, emphasizing the need for ongoing training and adaptability among healthcare professionals.
Design/Method/Approach: The methodology of the research consists of a thorough literature review to compare different screening systems in healthcare, to better understand the current situation.
Findings: The findings indicate that the Screening System is both valid and beneficial. Nevertheless, ongoing adjustments in service management are required to enhance its effectiveness and alignment.
Theoretical Implications: This paper explores how healthcare screening systems have evolved over time, tracing their roots from historical practices to modern technologies. It identifies paradigm shifts in healthcare thinking, policy and technology that have influenced the development of screening systems.
Practical Implications: The screening system is a vital process mandated for all individuals seeking assistance in the emergency department, serving to ascertain the severity of their clinical condition. The primary goal of this assessment is to delve into the historical evolution of Screening Systems in Healthcare. Presently, in Portugal, the Manchester Sorting System stands out as the predominant and widely utilized approach.
Originality/Value: The study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of healthcare screening systems.
Research Limitations/Future Research: Future studies could perform other types of analyses. Namely, qualitative ones in which health professionals gave opinions.
Paper Type: Conceptual
JEL Classification: I1, M1
A Qualitative Study of Employment Equity Gap Challenges: Responses and Solutions in a Local Government
Authors: Adewumi Samson Adeoluwa
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Remarking on the rife in employment discrimination on the basis of race, gender, and persons with disabilities in South Africa, sparse policy measures have been taken to address these challenges. To address this gap, the study seeks to assess the impact of employment equity (EE) implementation on the municipality and how employment equity management challenges can be mitigated.
Design/Method/Approach: The interpretivism research philosophy and qualitative approaches were used in this study. A total of 15-unit managers were purposively recruited and interviewed in November 2021. The quality of the qualitative data was ascertained through the four indicators of trustworthiness including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The NVivo (v12) software was employed to identify themes, and the Content Analytical Tool was used to make sense of the themes.
Findings: The significance of employment equity in the municipality includes increased awareness of affirmative action policy in the areas of gender equality and the promotion of organizational diversity, an upturn in employee motivation and sense of belonging irrespective of race, gender, and skin color, and the promotion of more women to the senior management level. Change in culture and orientation, management program and commitment to employment equity implementation, leadership management program, and talent identification and succession plan were shown as measures for addressing employment equity challenges.
Practical Implications: The study recommends the application of a strategic policy as more critical to addressing the challenges of EE. This perspective indicates that EE should be strongly cherished as an instrument for the creation of a new South Africa devoid of employment discrimination. The study also recommends a more responsive evaluation, monitoring, and compliance effort of municipalities in their capacities toward addressing EE challenges. This recommendation is no doubt important as it will sustain municipalities’ efforts at maintaining challenge-free EE implementation and increased zeal for the identification of scarce skills from the designated areas to fill the vacuum of EE in the municipality.
Originality/Value: Although there are available commentaries on the impact of EE on organizations in South Africa, the originality of this present study can be uncovered from the attempt to proffer solutions to the management of EE, specifically in the context of the eThekwini Municipality of South Africa which is sparsely researched.
Research Limitations/Future Research: This study provides a good account of the challenges and management of EE through the qualitative account. Future studies can look at the research problem through a quantitative approach and a comparative study of municipalities can give a broader review of EE in the Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa.
Paper Type: Empirical
JEL Classification: J14, J16, J21, K31
The prevalence of gambling problems in prison populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tørdal Elise Victoria , Pallesen Ståle , Sagoe Dominic , Jones Lise Øen , Mahjabeen Farha
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The overall prevalence of gambling problems across prison populations is currently unknown. The objective of the present study was therefore to quantitatively synthetize prevalence estimates of gambling problems in prison populations using a random effects meta-analytic model and to investigate if the estimates were moderated by time frame, cut-off levels, and sample size.

Methods

To be included the studies had to report original data on the prevalence of gambling problems in a prison sample and to be written in a European language, whereas data based on abstracts or qualitative reports were excluded. The search ended on December 1, 2023 and were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Embase, Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and GreyNet. Risk of bias was assessed with a standardized 10-item measure for epidemiological studies.

Results

A total of 26 studies comprising 9,491 participants were included. The vast majority of the participants were males. The most commonly used instrument for assessment of gambling problems was the South Oaks Gambling Screen. The pooled random-effects gambling problems prevalence estimate was 30.8% (95% CI = 25.1–37.3). The meta-regression analysis showed that none of the three moderator variables (criteria, timeframe, sample size) were related to the gambling problems prevalence. Common limitations of the included studies entailed not being representative nationally or for the target population, lack of randomization, and low response rate. The meta-analysis was restricted to studies published in a European language.

Conclusions

Overall, the studies show that 1 in 3 prisoners has gambling problems and suggests that more emphasis on relevant prevention and treatment is warranted for this population. The study was funded by the Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research and pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023390552).
The relationship between HE teachers' mission and teaching approach: Interaction inspiring enthusiasm as the basis for building knowledge and commitment to the profession
Authors: Frányó Zsófia Zsuzsanna , Sándor Eszter
Published: March 2024

The fundamental role of higher education is to help students learn to cope in a constantly changing and uncertain world. The key to this is to support the development of their agency and commitment to learning. Although technology is the main tool of knowledge transfer, according to the OECD, it is teachers who represent the values of their field and that of knowledge and learning.

Since academic development is a relatively recent topic in the Hungarian literature, the present research aims to explore teachers' role interpretation, goals, missions, approaches to teaching, and their commitment to academic development at one of Hungary's leading business universities, the Budapest Business University (BBU). The study is based on 33 semi-structured interviews recorded at BBU involving 33 teachers of economics-related subjects in three faculties of the university. The interview transcripts were analysed by thematic analysis.

The results show that participants have markedly different teaching approaches, and the interrelationships between their objectives, missions and academic development can be seen as constituting a system. Finally, the potential interrelationships among the different themes were examined. The findings show that the teachers' goals and missions are strongly related, although more affective factors can be identified in relation to missions. These affective factors include inspiring enthusiasm and building partnership and mutual learning. In line with this, most participants adopt a teacher/student interaction strategy, only few cases of student focus were identified.
ANÁLISE DAS TENSÕES NODAIS NOS ENSAIOS DE BLÉVOT E FRÉMY
Authors: Delalibera Rodrigo Gustavo , Silva Jean Carlos Gonçalves , Giongo José Samuel , SILVA Adriel Augusto dos Santos
Published: March 2024

Para o cálculo e dimensionamento dos blocos sobre estacas, são frequentemente adotados modelos de bielas e tirantes tridimensionais que possuem um amplo amparo experimental. As normatizações atuais apresentam limites de resistência diferentes das formulações propostas pelos estudos de Blévot e Frémy, apresentando valores conservadores. Dessa forma, com o intuito de analisar o comportamento das tensões nas regiões nodais, realizou-se uma análise analítica dos blocos sobre estacas ensaiados por Blévot e Frémy utilizando-se os limites apresentados pelos pesquisadores franceses e os recomendados pelas principais normatizações atuais, além de outros limites propostos por outros pesquisadores. Com os resultados encontrados observou-se divergências nos resultados.
TECNOLOGÍA, MODELO FLIPPED CLASSROOM Y EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TÉCNICA: FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA SOSTENIBILIDAD Y ESCALABILIDAD DE LA METODOLOGÍA
Authors: Laura Quispe Carlos David
Published: March 2024

Las metodologías activas de aprendizaje se han convertido en los modelos que ofrecen las mayores posibilidades para dinamizar, flexibilizar y modernizar los procesos de enseñanza. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los determinantes de la satisfacción con la incorporación del modelo Flipped Classroom, implementado en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico TECSUP; así como identificar los factores que podrían afectar la sostenibilidad y la escalabilidad de la metodología. El estudio se constituye como cuantitativo y, se alinea bajo las directrices del análisis multivariante. Los sujetos informantes fueron 434 estudiantes de los cursos generales (I semestre). Para la colecta de datos se utilizó un cuestionario tipo Likert, que incluía quince (15) ítems. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la técnica del análisis factorial, del análisis emergieron cuatro (4) factores que juntos explican el 68,579% de variabilidad total. A los factores se le atribuyó los siguientes nombres: 1) implementación y gestión, 2) perfil docente, 3) infraestructura tecnológica y 4) producción de materiales. El estudio desarrollado reveló que es posible aplicar el modelo en ambientes de educación superior técnica; no obstante, se hace necesario replantear la logística y gestión, la producción y reposición de materiales, la ubicuidad de la tecnología y la capacitación de los docentes.
The Relationship Between Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Attitudes Towards Supervision
Authors: Yüksel Başar Aysun , Gündüz Yüksel
Published: March 2024

Self-efficacy is the individual's self-awareness in reaching the intended performance and the individual judgment that he forms for his success. Supervision is the process of involving the teacher in the educational background in order to improve teaching and increase student achievement. The attitude towards the supervision, on the other hand, is a factor that will determine the reaction and subsequent behaviors of the supervisor towards the supervision process and the supervisor after the supervison. This study aims to reveal the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and their attitudes toward supervision. In the study, a relational survey methodology was employed. 2316 teachers who worked in various districts around the province of Samsun made up the study's population, and 747 of those instructors were chosen at random to represent the sample. Data collection techniques included the "Teachers' Self-Efficacy Scale" created by Schmitz and Schwarzer (2000), translated into Turkish by Yılmaz, Köseoğlu, Gerçek, and Soran (2004) as well as the "Attitude Toward Supervision Scale" created by Gündüz, Elma, and Aslan (2018). The methods utilized to evaluate the data included arithmetic mean, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The analysis' findings showed that while instructors' views regarding monitoring were on the medium side, their levels of self-efficacy and efficacy were on the high side. Regarding education level and marital status, there was no discernible variation in teachers' self-efficacy; nevertheless, there was a discernible difference when it came to gender, professional seniority, branch, and school type. While there was no significant difference in teachers' views about supervision when branch type, school type, or marital status were taken into account, there was a significant difference when professional seniority, gender, and educational status were taken into account. The association between instructors' attitudes about supervision and their sense of self-efficacy was shown to be both favorable and substantial. Also, it was found that instructors' views toward monitoring were significantly predicted by their level of self-efficacy.
EFFECTS OF FLUORINATED AND NON-FLUORINATED ADDITIVES ON BURNING RATES OF BORON-TEFLON BLENDS FOR SOLID ROCKET PROPULSION
Authors: Caton Patrick , Wilson Adam , Warzoha Ronald , Whitaker Craig , Guzman Karla , Shacoski Gabrielle , Friedel Jeremy , Ashe Will , Acker Cole
Published: March 2024

Boron is considered a promising metal fuel for energetic propellants due to its high energy density, but in practice, boron experiences slow combustion kinetics. Fluorinated additives can improve boron combustion. The objective of this study was to determine how different fluorinated additives would affect the burn rate of a boron-based fuel in a high-pressure inert environment. Boron powder was sintered with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder to create test pellets with variable fluorine:boron mass ratios. Three different purities of boron powders were tested, along with three different fluoropolymer additives and 14 other additives, which varied in molecular morphology and fluorination. The base boron-PTFE test pellets with no additives have a maximum burning rate at fluorine:boron mass ratio of ~ 3.5, which remains the same even with additives at 20 wt%. A commercial fluoropolymer, Aquivion, showed significant burn rate enhancement at 20 wt% but not at 5 wt%. At this lower loading level, materials that tend to enhance thermal conductivity (graphene, nanotubes) show some burn rate enhancement, even without fluorination. However, very significant burn rate enhancement is shown by a fluorinated carbon nanotube, likely due to the reduced bond dissociation energy of fluorine when attached to a nanotube. The data suggest this method of fluorination can have an important effect on enhancing boron combustion, and even small additives with readily available fluorine could significantly improve boron combustion rates for solid propellant applications.
Sufficiency, Nature and the Future
Authors: Casal Paula
Published: March 2024

Sufficiency principles require that each person has enough.This article explores two such principles, located towards opposing ends of the political spectrum. Conservative Sufficiency affirms a permission to transform natural resources to benefit oneself or other people, provided that doing so is compatible with present and future people all having enough, but denies the relevance of additional distributive requirements, like Equality or Priority. By contrast, according to Conservationist Sufficiency, what everybody having enough undermines is not Equality and Priority, but our justification for further environmental damage, including damage harmful to future humans and nonhumans. Defendingthe Conservationist over the Conservative interpretation, this article explains its appeal not only for those who care about animals and the environment, but also for those who share other concerns present in the thought of J. S. Mill and John Rawls.
The response of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) to environmental stress correlates with nesting behaviour — an Australian study
Authors: Ebert Kathryn , Cully Susan , Monteith Geoff
Published: March 2024

Environmental stressors such as drought and fire can have detrimental effects on an ecosystem and its biodiversity. While invertebrates are an integral part of any ecosystem, there is limited data on how invertebrate populations are affected by environmental stressors, and how different species respond. This study surveyed dung beetle populations in Lamington National Park, south-east Queensland, Australia, that were affected by three years of drought, followed by bushfires in late 2019. Dung beetles were surveyed one year post-fire (2020–21) and the data were compared to data collected from an earlier dung beetle survey conducted in the same area in 2012–14 after a period of significant above-average rainfall. Changes to dung beetle abundance and community composition were observed in three different vegetation communities, even at sites that were not affected by fire. Several roller species (telecoprids) declined or were lost, while several tunnelling species (paracoprids) did not change or increased, suggesting that Australian rollers are less tolerant to drought and related environmental stressors.
Features of Acquisition of Agricultural Land Plots for Private Ownership in the Russian Federation
Authors: Dudina Anna
Published: March 2024

The article considers topical aspects of the acquisition of the right of private property in the Russian Federation for land plots of agricultural purpose under the mechanism of state support for agricultural producers. The importance of the topic is due to the agricultural land value, that plays a special strategic role in the state as the main means of food production, as well as being one of the guarantees of the development of the agricultural sector in the country.
The number of privately owned agricultural plots is increasing every year. This is facilitated by the establishment in 2015 of an accessible and clear procedure for the acquisition of public land in private ownership. At present, there are sufficient cases of private ownership of land, taking into account the specific development of land rights in the post-Soviet period. In order to acquire agricultural land, the Act also provides for a preferential purchase price, which only facilitates the involvement in civil circulation of agricultural land. For all that, despite the positive dynamics of the conversion of land plots to private ownership, the volume of state and municipal ownership of land still significantly exceeds private ownership. It has been established that the State provides for various cases of acquisition of agricultural land for private ownership, subject to compliance with certain requirements of the current legislation. In practice, the authorized bodies and applicants must strictly comply with the requirements of the law, otherwise in the future in a judicial dispute their actions (omission) can be defined as abuse of the right, violation of freedom of competition and equal access to land, and the concluded contract may be invalidated.
The Problems of Differentiation of Theft from Appropriation of Found
Authors: Agildin Vladimir
Published: March 2024

The article substantiates the need of differentiation of theft and appropriation of the property found, previously lost or forgotten by the owner. The protection of property is one of the most important tasks of criminal law. And practice shows a lot of situations when there are quite complex questions on the qualification of acts related to the violation of property rights. Examples are given that illustrate the position of the courts and law enforcement agencies regarding the fact of differentiation between appropriation of a find and theft of someone else’s property. Based on the analysis of legislation and judicial practice, the author attempts to establish criteria in which cases the appropriation of found is a crime, and when it is not a criminal act. Despite the apparent simplicity, the issue of differentiation between a found and theft in law enforcement is quite complicated. This is also confirmed by the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, formulated in the resolution of 2023. Theft, in contrast to the appropriation of the found, is a more socially dangerous act and the qualification of the actions of the persons who appropriated the found, as theft, violates the principles of law and justice. Despite the fact that earlier attempts were repeatedly made to develop criteria for such differentiation and a large number of scientific works on this topic took place, the problem has not yet been solved. Obviously, clear explanations of the rules and criteria for differentiation theft from appropriation of found property are needed at the level of the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the author proposes a conclusion to establish of criminal liability for the appropriation of found, since it is in this way that the problem can be avoided when differentiation between the acts under study.
Legal Nature of the Institution of Rendition (Extradition) of a Person for Criminal Prosecution or Sentence
Authors: Smolkova Iraida
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of a sharply debatable legal problem – the problem of the legal nature of the institution of rendition (extradition) of a person for criminal prosecution or execution of a sentence and its place in the system of law. The definition of the legal nature of any institution is of fundamental importance, because it determines its essential properties and relevant place in the legal system. In the theory of law, various judgments have been expressed on this issue. They can be summarized to seven positions, each of them is analyzed and assessed. A number of legal scholars proceed from the affiliation of the institution of rendition (extradition) to a certain branch of law (international, international criminal, criminal, criminal procedure). The author of the article adheres to the position on the polysystemic nature of the institution of rendition (extradition), on the basis that it cannot be referred to only one branch of law, since it is most closely interconnected with a number of branches of law: international, state, criminal, criminal procedure. The institution of extradition is also assessed in terms of the currently emerging new branches of the modern legal system – international criminal law and international criminal procedure law. The article criticizes the judgment that extradition is an independent institution in relation to international cooperation and international legal assistance. The author›s position in this matter is based on the fact that the institution of rendition (extradition) is a type of international assistance, which is an integral part of international cooperation regulated by international legal treaties and national legislation.
The Characteristics of the Examination of the Testimony of a Witness Interrogated While Keeping the True Identity Secret
Authors: Shirova Elmira
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to urgent issues of law enforcement activities related to the study of the testimony of operational origin received from witnesses. At the same time, true information about the identity of such witnesses constitutes a state secret. This circumstance, as shown by an empirical analysis of judicial practice, puts the defense side before the need to treat such testimony with sufficient caution. As a result of the analysis of legal prescription that fi x the procedure for examining the testimony received from secret witnesses, the author comes to the conclusion that, by and large, they contain only some kind of formal access possibility for the defense to their research, leaving the decision of this issue exclusively to the court. The Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation «On the practice of applying the law in the consideration of criminal cases in the court of first instance (general procedure of court proceedings) does not put a final point in the resolution of the issues. The explanations set out therein, contrary to the principles of adversarial and equality of arms, do not allow the defense to conduct a full examination of the testimony of anonymous witnesses. Moreover, the criminal procedural legislation does not contain a special basis justifying the presence of a real threat to the safety of a witness, if they assist the bodies of inquiry in the implementation of operational-search activities. The author formulated proposals aimed at solving these problems. It is necessary to create conditions in the courts in which it is possible to keep secret the identity of the confidential witness and take into account the interests of the parties. It is proposed to expand the list of grounds set out in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation as an additional special ground allowing for a reasoned approach to providing an opportunity to witnesses who have previously provided assistance to bodies of inquiry in the conduct of operational activities to carry out the security measures guaranteed by criminal procedure law.
The Dialectics of the Legal Status of a Person and Individual Freedom
Authors: Kudashev Mikhail
Published: March 2024

Stratification is one of the foundations of class society. In the daily routine, this is noticeable when the head of the enterprise counts on a better and more plentiful grocery basket than an ordinary employee. The legal position of a wealthy and educated person is also diverse. One most often drives a car, concludes dozens of transactions, and attends sports clubs; he or she is often registered as an entrepreneur or serves in law enforcement agencies. Minors and mentally disordered people cannot boast of the legal personality of an adult mentally healthy citizen. The attention of the legislator has been turned away from low-status groups throughout history. Not required to be held accountable by law, their representatives cultivated a culture of doubt, absenteeism, and illegalism in their midst. The individual freedom of such a person is very wide, but, forced into the backyard of the economic system and prestigious practices, he rarely finds usage for his own talents. Senior officers, politicians, and businesspeople easily purchase goods for the home and take their children to the best schools. In retribution, they have to constantly endure the attention of society, play a role that is not completely characteristic of the inner world, not give in to a spontaneous impulse, and give up the pursuit of happiness without worries. The existential task of jurisprudence is to combine the best of two lifestyles. It means to soften the dialectical opposition of a solid social status and unlimited freedom using procedural tricks and the sprawling apparatus of doctrine and dogma. That’s why the semantic center of our science is located where citizens manage to put together an objectively valuable human capital with maintaining a low or outcast legal status. Such people have something to lose. They are more willing to turn to a lawyer with a request for help and legalization.
Biotic resistance towards Hydrellia egeriae, a biological control agent for the aquatic weed Egeria densa, in South Africa
Authors: Moffat Rosali , Van Noort Simon , Coetzee Julie , Hill Martin
Published: March 2024

Egeria densa is a submerged aquatic weed that can grow into dense monocultures in rivers and dams in South Africa, which negatively affects ecosystem functioning and services. The biological control agent Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior (Diptera: Ephydridae) was first released against Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa in 2018. Biotic resistance in an introduced range can have negative impacts on the ability of a biological control agent to establish and exert top-down pressure. Dipteran and lepidopteran species that are used as biological control agents are often susceptible to higher levels of parasitism in their introduced range than biological control agents from other insect orders. In addition, ecological analogues that are present in South Africa, make H. egeriae particularly vulnerable to biotic resistance. Considering this, post-release surveys were conducted to investigate if native parasitoids will extend their host range to include H. egeriae. Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, C. anervata van Achterberg (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini) and Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg (Braconidae: Opiinae) were reared from field-collected H. egeriae pupae, within a year of its release. These braconid parasitoids were previously recorded from a native herbivore, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae). Parasitism levels of H. egeriae ranged from 50 to 74% in cold months and 0 to 60% in warmer months, with higher levels of parasitism at a site where H. lagarosiphon naturally occurs. This study also found that cumulative release events of the biological control agent increase the probability of parasitism of field populations, by directly increasing the host pool. However, biological control efficacy can potentially be increased by limiting release efforts to a maximum of two release events per site per season, with particular focus on releasing in warm (i.e. spring/summer) months. Continued post-release surveys are necessary to not only monitor H. egeriae’s impact on E. densa, but also to obtain a better understanding of seasonal parasitism levels across E. densa-invaded sites in South Africa.
Evolutivité, incertitude et risques
Authors: BOUTRAIS Magali , STAMBOULI Hanène
Published: March 2024

Au moment du confinement et de la fermeture des établissements scolaires, en mars 2020, le gouvernement français décide d’assurer la « continuité pédagogique » pour tous les élèves. Cette situation extrême, inhabituelle pour les Conseillers principaux d’éducation (CPE), va bouleverser leurs pratiques professionnelles. S’inscrivant dans un projet émergent, porté par la Maison européenne des sciences humaines et sociales (MESHS) de Lille, notre recherche s’intéresse, par une approche qualitative, au travail des CPE durant ce premier confinement. Les résultats montrent les capacités d’adaptation des CPE à cette situation extrême mais aussi comment les contraintes de fermeture des collèges et des lycées et de confinement ont engendré des initiatives professionnelles inédites de la part des CPE les recentrant sur le « cœur du métier » : le lien avec les élèves.
Continuité pédagogique et ruptures professionnelles en période de pandémie
Authors: CARMINATTI Nathalie , CARNUS Marie-France
Published: March 2024

La pandémie mondiale de Covid-19 s’est traduite par la nécessité de maintenir une continuité pédagogique pour tou.te.s les acteurs.rices du système éducatif, les confrontant à une situation inédite particulièrement déstabilisante. Entre continuité pédagogique et ruptures professionnelles, de la crise à son dépassement (Kaës et al., 2013), l’objet de ce chapitre questionne l’expertise enseignante à l’épreuve de l’impensé, de l’« inanticipable » (Derrida, 2005) à travers les fondements épistémologiques de la Didactique Clinique (Terrisse et Carnus, 2009) dans ce contexte exceptionnel (Carnus et al., 2020) et extrêmophile. Cent vingt récits de pratique (RP), traités à partir des indicateurs issus du rapport à l’épreuve (Carnus et Terrisse, 2013), décrivent et contextualisent le contexte et la façon dont ils/elles ont reçu et réagi à l’annonce du confinement ; la manière dont ils/elles se sont adapté.e.s ; l’évolution éventuelle de leurs pratiques ; ce qu’ils/elles y ont éprouvé, ressenti et ce qu’ils/elles en ont retiré après-coup. La condensation de ces RP en vignettes didactiques cliniques ouvre des perspectives renvoient à une réflexion sur la formation des professionnels à l’imprévisibilité des conditions d’enseignement extrêmophiles.
Enquêter en milieu familial déprivé à l’extrême
Authors: WEISS Pierre-Olivier , LEFER-SAUVAGE Gaëlle
Published: March 2024

Enquêter en terrain extrêmophile oblige une posture armée épistémologiquement et théoriquement mais contraint tout chercheur à la distanciation participante. À partir d’une enquête réalisée auprès de familles vivant à Mayotte dont la particularité est d’avoir un enfant en situation handicap et sans-papier, ce chapitre vise à discuter des conditions de possibilité d’une enquête en situation de pauvreté extrême. Aux difficultés méthodologiques et épistémologiques s’ajoutent des difficultés juridiques et éthiques, puisque la rencontre avec toute population marginalisée nécessite 1) des conditions balisées pour recueillir la parole, 2) l’accompagnement de traducteurs pour négocier un espace de dialogue, 3) une collecte de données sensibles en milieu étrange(r). L’enjeu est de a) questionner le positionnement du chercheur ; b) interroger les tensions et les contradictions de sa pratique en milieu extrêmophile. Cette contribution vise à produire des éléments de réflexion sur les modalités scientifiques, éthiques et sociétales du métier de chercheur embarqué qui, dans ce milieu, doit -ou risque de- devenir extrêmotolérant pour témoigner de l’extrême. Une première modélisation est alors envisagée.
Sauvetage en mer de masse
Authors: MARTEL Camille , LEFER-SAUVAGE Gaëlle , LABORIE Marin , BANOS Arnaud
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre a pour objet les implications d’une formation de sauvetage de masse, construite dans et pour l’urgence, destinée à près de 300 personnels dont le sauvetage n’était à l’origine pas le métier, et pour un nombre croissant de personnes migrantes à secourir. A partir du système d’activité d’Engeström, nous analysons les traces d’activité émanant de la formation, le contenu du carnet de terrain résultant d’observations participantes dans plusieurs formations, et les échanges (in)formels avec le formateur. Les résultats montrent de multiples tensions à tous les niveaux du système d’activité. L’incorporation des savoirs construits en formation est rendue difficile par l’omniprésence de savoirs non-dits et non-dicibles, relatifs au contexte de vie et de mort dans lequel les formés doivent travailler. En conclusion, la notion d’extrémophilie est discutée, considérée comme une « vue de l’esprit », qui oriente les manières de penser et d’agir des formateurs et des formés.
Aiguiller le ciel en ingénierie de résilience
Authors: WALLIAN Nathalie , CARNUS Céline , CARNUS Marie-France
Published: March 2024

Le métier d'ingénieur de contrôle aérien de la navigation aérienne (ICNA) est régi par des normes de sécurité radicales qui visent à sécuriser les aéronefs en toutes circonstances. Si la formation initiale et continue au métier d'ICNA permet à ces ingénieurs de mettre en œuvre sous pression temporelle les fiches d’incidents éditées à partir des cas d'incidents répertoriés et modélisés, il reste que l'entraînement à la gestion de l'incertitude requiert un processus complexe, géré et rationnel, mobilisant des savoirs en actes, ainsi qu’un « consentement à l’écart » aux règles. Le parallèle entre le métier d’ICNA et celui d’enseignant procède d’une approche contrastive : l'enjeu consiste à 1) analyser les mécanismes en jeu en ingénierie du risque (aéronautique et enseignement), 2) procéder à une étude de cas respective et 3) étudier les stratégies de formation en résilience par la culture du risque. Des perspectives sont proposées pour éclairer la formation au métier d’enseignant sous le prisme de l’extrêmophilie.
Transcender la peur dans les sports extrêmes
Authors: GODON Alexandre , JOING Isabelle , CRUNELLE Matthieu , COUDEVYLLE Guillaume
Published: March 2024

L’objet de ce chapitre est de présenter les résultats d’une étude sous un angle psychologique, portant sur l’utilisation des stratégies d’auto-handicap qu’elles soient revendiquées ou comportementales, par les pratiquants de trottinette freestyle, en comparaison avec des pratiquants d’athlétisme (sport considéré comme traditionnel). Soixante-trois sportifs (44 pratiquants de trottinette freestyle et 19 pratiquants d’athlétisme) ont répondu à un questionnaire sur utilisation de stratégies d’auto-handicap dites revendiquées et comportementales. Les résultats révèlent que les « trottiriders » utilisent significativement plus de stratégies d’auto-handicap que les pratiquants d’athlétisme, dans un motif de valorisation de soi. L’utilisation de ces stratégies permettrait de rendre leur succès encore plus impressionnant. La discussion porte sur le caractère psychologique et conatif de l’extrémophilie.
Le Covid en ses discours
Authors: MAURER Bruno
Published: March 2024

La crise Covid a généré une multitude de discours politiques, scientifiques et médiatiques, créant une confusion notable. Ce livre examine comment ces discours se sont entremêlés et analyse le rôle du discours initial de "nous sommes en guerre" dans la polarisation ultérieure. Il explore également la crise de sens qui a rendu la communication impossible et se penche sur le Discours de la Peur, utilisé tant par le Pouvoir que par les Opposants. Cette crise a révélé des failles démocratiques, notamment en France, et l'analyse des discours peut fournir des clés pour comprendre et affronter ces défis à l'avenir.
PARP9 affects myocardial function through TGF-β/Smad axis and pirfenidone
Authors: Chen Nannan , Zhang Lianzhi , Zhong Zhang , Zhang Wenjia , Gong Qunlin , Xu Nan , Zhou Yimeng , Wang Jiahong , Zheng Pengxiang
Published: March 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias are often linked to the overactivity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Investigating the impact of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9) on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced fibroblast activation and the therapeutic effects of pirfenidone (PFD) offers valuable insights into cardiac arrhythmias. This study utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression (DEG) analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on the GSE42955 dataset to identify the hub gene with a significant diagnostic value. The ImmuCellAI tool revealed an association between PARP9 and immune cell infiltration. Our in vitro assessments focused on the influence of PFD on myofibroblast differentiation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression, and Ang II-induced proliferation and migration in CFs. Additionally, we explored the impact on fibrosis markers and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the context of PARP9 overexpression. Analysis of the GSE42955 dataset revealed PARP9 as a central gene with high clinical diagnostic value, linked to seven types of immune cells. The in vitro studies demonstrated that PFD significantly mitigates Ang II-induced CF proliferation, migration, and fibrosis. It also reduces Ang II-induced PARP9 expression and decreases fibrosis markers, including TGF-β, collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA. Notably, PARP9 overexpression can partially counteract PFD’s inhibitory effects on CFs and modify the expression of fibronectin, CTGF, α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β, and p-Smad2/3 in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that PFD effectively counteracts the adverse effects of Ang II-induced CF proliferation and fibrosis, and modulates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and PARP9 expression. This identifies a potential therapeutic approach for managing myocardial fibrosis.
Educated by Hitting: Examining Authoritarian Parenting Patterns in the Batak Toba Ethnic Community in the Samosir Area, Ambarita Village
Authors: Wilda Annisa , Diputera Artha Mahindra , Victoria Herlina Deborah , Br Siregar Permata Sari , Sidauruk Hani Eklesia , Br Sinuraya Ribka Julianta
Published: March 2024

This research aims to find out how parenting patterns have developed in the Batak Toba ethnic in the Samosir Region and whether the Toba Batak tribe community in the Samosir Region uses a parenting style that involves hitting (Authoritarian). This research was conducted in Ambarita Village, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency with a population of 400 heads of families. The sample used was 80 parents. This research uses a combination method (Mix method) using a Sequential Explanatory research approach. Data processing techniques are carried out by distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the parenting pattern applied by the Toba Batak tribe is 85% democratic parenting, parenting patterns authoritarian 15%, permissive parenting is 0%, that is, there are no parents who apply permissive parenting (abandoning the child). 1) parents who do not give freedom to children and restrain children 2) parents who give punishment by hitting or pinching when the child makes a mistake. This research will have an impact on parents in communities who have children to apply parenting patterns that are in accordance with the characteristics of children and provide input and encouragement to children to find the best way to achieve their goals
Implementation of BEBI-Ku Learning Media for Children with Motoric Impairments at Cileunyi Special School
Authors: Novitasari Meylani , Putri Nazwa Laila , Ilmi Nafidatul , Putri Natasya Silvia , Fathiah Ranti Nur , RIZQITA ALYA JILAN , Setyaningrum Ika
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to implement ICT literacy-based learning media based on the results of identification and assessment on one subject and to see the effectiveness of the learning media created. Single subject research (SSR) is the method used in this research. The research results obtained were that there was an increase in the subject's Indonesian language skills after being given the implementation of learning media twice. However, the percentage increase is still not optimal, so for better results it is still necessary to develop the learning media that has been created. It is hoped that this research can be a reference for teachers at school or parents at home so that they can create more interactive learning media so that they are effective and efficient in developing their Indonesian language subject skills.