bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of Immediately Electrically Detachable Coil
Authors: Sadato A. , Ogawa A. , Taki W. , Iwata H. , Oowaki H. , Aoki T. , Isaka F. , Sato T. , Hashimoto N.
Published: January 2017

An immediately electrically detachable coil (IEDC) that we previously developed was modified to enhance the reliability in its detachment system. IEDC is detached by applying a monopolar high-frequency electrical current that heat and disrupt a junction between a platinum coil and a delivery wire. The original IEDC immediately detaches only when the junction is just outside the catheter tip and precise positioning of the junction is required. In the modified IEDC Its delivery wire was insulated with polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) to concentrate electrical current to the junction. The modified IEDC was tested in vitro and in animal experiments.

Modified IEDC always detached instantaneously even when the junction was far beyond the catheter tip. Insulated delivery wire enabled the electrical current to be concentrated at the PVA junction and produce appropriate heat to disrupt the junction.
Pre-Embolization Study of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with Helical CT
Authors: Nomura M. , Kida S. , Uchiyama N. , Yamashima T. , Yamashita J. , Yoshikawa J. , Matsui O.
Published: January 2017

Sixteen ruptured aneurysms in 16 patients considered endovascular embolizations were examined. The findings of axial source images (axial images) and reconstructed three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) of helical CT were compared to those of rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The aneurysmal neck and arterial branches adjacent to the neck were closely investigated.

In seven out of 16 cases (43.8%), information provided by axial images and/or 3D-CTA was more useful than that of rotational DSA in evaluating the aneurysmal neck and arterial branches. Helical CT can provide valuable information on ruptured aneurysms that cannot be obtained by rotational DSA in some patients.

This technique is useful to obtain anatomical information about aneurysms and to select the best therapeutic method.
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Predictor of Learning Disabilities in Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Domizio S. , Cicioni P. , Puglielli C. , Domizio R. , Albanese A. , Sabatino G.M.D. , Sabatino G.
Published: January 2017

It is difficult to predict the risk of the development of learning disabilities among extremely low birth weight neonates (birth weight > 501 and > 1000 g). In this study we assessed the relationship between the dilatation of the lateral ventricles on cerebral magnetic resonance (MRI) taken at the post-gestational age of 40 weeks and learning disabilities at school age. The means area of lateral ventricles of the learning disabilities-suspected group was significantly larger than that of the control group (396.4 and 281.7 mm2, respectively; P < 0.01). There were no differences between the groups of children in gestation, birth weight and developmental quotient at school age. We could say that the dilatation of lateral ventricles assessed by MRI performed at the correct term may be a predictor of learning disabilities recognisable at school age.
The Present and the Future of Cartilaginous Repair
Authors: Salini V. , Orso C.A.
Published: January 2017

The treatment of cartilage lesions constitutes one of the most binding challenges in the field of orthopaedics due to the fact that articular cartilage possesses a very limited intrinsic reparative capacity because of its scarse vascular content. There have been many attempts to obtain reconstruction with longeval hyaline cartilage, but none have obtained satisfactory results. One of the most promising procedures is tissue engineering coupled with gene therapy. This method renders it possible to obtain, for a prolonged period, high gene expression in the area of the lesion. Recent studies have demonstrated how, not only chondrocytes, but muscle derived cells as well, possess the capacity to transport genes in the location of the lesion. It has also been noted recently that between muscle derived cells there exist staminal cells which are possible candidates for gene therapy for the treatment of chondral lesion.
Interrelationship between Asthma and Functional Bowel Disease
Authors: Riccioni G. , Della Vecchia R. , Romano F. , Staniscia T. , Verna N. , De Lutiis M. A. , Comani S. , Petrarca C. , Castellani M.L. , Di Ilio C. , D'Orazio N.
Published: January 2017

Gastrointestinal abnormalities have been reported in subjects with bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in subjects with bronchial asthma. 380 asthmatic patients were selected for body mass index (BMI), sex, and age, before undergoing both methacholine challenge test (MCHt) and skin prick tests. 195 asthmatic patients (51.3%) were positive to MCHt, while 185 (41.6 %) were negative. We also found that 17 (8.7%) of the 276 patients with positive MCHt, and 22 (11.8%) of the 185 patients with negative MCHt were affected by IBS. Therefore, there was no statistical significance between positive MCHt tests and IBS. The results do not demonstrate an interrelationship between asthma and IBS.
Churg-Strauss Syndrome Development during Asthma Therapy with Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Just a Coincidental Association?
Authors: De Nardo D. , De Sanctis G. , Biancone L. , Khalil J. , Kroegler B. , De Risi E. , Franconi G. , Capria A. , Fontana L.
Published: January 2017

A report on our clinical experience based on 3 male patients who developed Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) after standard oral montelukast use. All patients affected by moderate asthma and chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis were treated with inhaled corticosteroids and ß2 agonists. Systemic corticosteroid treatment consisted in oral daily prednisone in case 1, in short courses of oral betamethasone in case 2, and in remote and isolated administrations of oral betamethasone and intramuscular methylprednisolone in case 3. Because of the improvement of the asthma symptoms after montelukast use, patient 1 decided to take half the dose of prednisone for 10 days and patient 2 decided to discontinue systemic and inhaled corticosteroids for 45 days. Overt CSS was heralded by vasculitic skin lesions and developed in each patient with severe organ damage, consisting in renal, myocardial and gastrointestinal involvement. Remission was obtained by standard CSS therapy after montelukast withdrawal.

According to the unmasking hypothesis, antileukotriene treatment, by enabling the reduction in systemic corticosteroid therapy in case 1 and its discontinuation in case 2, might have only permitted the precipitation of the vasculitis. However antileukotriene-associated CSS reportedly occurred in systemic corticosteroid-naïve patients and relapsed in one patient after antileukotriene treatment. These observations lend support to the concept that the precipitation of the vasculitic phase may be associated with leukotriene modifier deleterious effects. In conclusion there is not enough evidence to prove that antileukotriene treatment plays a direct causative role in the pathogenesis of CSS. Further clinical and experimental research is required to clarify the antileukotriene associated CSS controversy.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of VEGF Inflamed Cystic Radicular Lesions and in Keratocysts
Authors: Mastrangelo F. , Grimaldi S. , Tecco S. , Festa F. , Perfetti G. , Salini L. , Stuppia L. , Angelucci D. , Dolci M. , Tete S.
Published: January 2017

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, also known as Vascular Permeability Factor, is a multifunctional cytokine hyperexpressed during angiogenesis and in numerous physiological and pathological processes characterised by an increase of vascular permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenetic processes which are accompanied by an expansion of cystic radicular lesions and of keratocysts of the jaw bone. 12 subjects were chosen with an average age of 43 years, of whom 8 were males and 4 females. After an accurate history and physical examination, the patients underwent surgery for removal of the cysts. The samples taken were histologically and immunohistochemical examined. The histological exam confirmed the diagnosis of radicular cysts and keratocysts. The immunohistochemical examinations were positive for VEGF in all the lesions analysed, even though they had different immunostaining. Using a semi-quantitative method, in the radicular cyst samples it was possible to highlight a wider expression of the vascular component, both in the inflamed area and the adjacent stroma. The lesions with keratin content showed newly formed and modest vascularisation both in the area showing slight inflammation, where the cellular component was prevalent, and in the adjacent areas showing no inflammation. Therefore, angiogenesis could take on a primary role in the development of cystic lesions of the jaw. However, the differences of expression of the VEGF protein suggest the need for wider monitoring to better evaluate a possible use of such a protein as a diagnostic marker.
Autoantibodies against Submandibular Gland Muscarinic Cholinoceptor Subtypes in Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Reina S. , Sterin-Borda L. , Orman B. , Borda E.
Published: January 2017

Sjögren Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by parasympathetic exocrine gland dysfunction. Here, the involvement of submandibular gland muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M4 subtype is proposed as an IgG target together with M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes. The Kd values were total membranes 0.20 ± 0.017 nM; acini membranes 0.33 ± 0.023 nM and duct membranes 0.22 ± 0.040 nM and Bmax values were total, 1038 ± 24, acini, 1359 ± 28 and ducts, 593 ± 30. The rank order of Bmax was: acini > total > ducts, indicating that acini express the highest number of binding sites. The specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP [M3], tropicamide [M4], pirenzepine [M1]) and the corresponding synthetic peptides impaired IgG-mAChR subtype interactions. The specificity of these reactions was assessed by the corresponding affinity-purified anti peptide antibodies recognizing M4, M3 and M1 mAChR. These data concerning autoantibodies contribute to explain the pathogenesis of SS and also represent a new clinical marker for SS diagnosis.
The CX3C-Chemokine Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is Detectable in Serum of Patients Affected by the Inflammatory Diseases Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
Authors: Minciullo P.L. , Patafi M. , Giannetto L. , Merendino R.A. , Di Pasquale G. , Morabito F. , Pacchiano E. , Ferlazzo B. , De Luca G. , Gangemi S.
Published: January 2017

Fractalkine (FKN) is a chemokine able to mediate the initial capture, firm adhesion, and activation of circulating leukocytes. Many tissues express FKN mRNA and FKN expression is increased during inflammatory conditions. To assess a possible involvement in allergic airway disease, we detected serum levels of FKN in a group of patients affected by allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and found high serum levels of FKN in all patients and in only 26% of healthy donors at lower concentrations. The present results underscore the potential role that this chemokine may play in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases.
Multiple Myeloma Presenting as MPO-ANCA Associated Microscopic Polyangiitis
Authors: Kapoulas S. , Settas L. , Liakos S. , Karkavelas G. , Ageloudi M. , Kaloutsi V. , Grekas D. , Giannoulis E.
Published: January 2017

Reports on the association of multiple myeloma with systemic vasculitis are rare and concern, vasculitis due to crystalglobulin deposition in vessels or to polyarteritis nodosa PAN-like type necrotizing vasculitis. The association of multiple myeloma with MPO-ANCA positive microscopic polyangiitis has not yet been described. We report a case of a 72 year old man, who was referred to our clinic for evaluation of recent onset renal failure (serum creatinine 8mg/dl), proteinuria 2g/day, severe anemia (hematocrit 16%) and fever accompanied by malaise, anorexia, weigh loss, myalgia and arthralgia. These symptoms appeared 20 days prior to his admission. There was no evidence of any infection. The renal biopsy showed necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. The MPO-ANCA were positive. Bone marrow biopsy revealed infiltration with IgG-lambda neoplastic plasma cells. The patient was treated with hemodialysis, plasma exchange, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Even though his clinical situation and renal function improved gradually, two months after his admission, he developed acute respiratory insufficiency accompanied by heavy hemoptysis, patchy infiltration on chest X-rays, due to lung vasculitis and died. Multiple myeloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hematological neoplasms capable of causing paraneoplastic ANCA positive microscopic polyangiitis.
In vitro Permeability of Intact and De-Epithelialised, Human Vaginal Mucosa to Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A
Authors: Moll L.M. , Van Eyk A.D. , Van Der Bijl P.
Published: January 2017

Immunosuppressants may be applied topically to mucosal surfaces for treating inflammatory diseases, e.g. vulvar lichen planus and Behçet's disease. The efficacy of the treatment is dependent on the potency of the drug and its penetration into the tissue. In this study the in vitro diffusion characteristics of Tacrolimus (Tac) and Cyclosporin A (CsA) across human vaginal mucosa are investigated and compared. Fresh human vaginal mucosa was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −85 °C. Prior to an experiment, the tissue was defrosted to 20°C in PBS buffer, pH 7.4, and placed in the seven flow cells of a flow-through perfusion apparatus. Either tritiated Tac, or CsA, was then pipetted into the donor chamber of the flow cell. Samples from each flow cell were collected every 2 hours (1.5 ml/h) over a 24-hour period. Statistical analyses were carried out using an F-test. CsA and Tac flux values progressively increased throughout the 24-hour period, and steady state was not reached for either drug. The mean estimated flux values (mean at 16, 20 and 24 h) for Tac (599 ± 44 dpm.cm−2.min−1) were greater than those for CsA (96 ± 5.0 dpm. cm−2.min−1). Whole curve comparison indicated statistically significant differences (P = 1.77×10−163). Both drugs diffuse well across vaginal mucosa. However, mean steady state flux values for Tac were approximately 6 times higher than those for CsA, indicating that human vaginal mucosa is less permeable to CsA than to Tac.
IL-13 Neutralization Modulates Function of Type II Polarized Macrophages in vivo in a Murine T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Deepak P. , Kumar S. , Acharya A.
Published: January 2017

IL-13 is a Th2 cytokine that suppresses the effector function and alters the phenotype and function of macrophages switching to alternatively activated or type II polarized macrophages. The type II polarized macrophages or M2 phenotype differ from normal macrophages greatly in terms of receptor expression, cytokine and NO production, that show tumor promoting function rather than tumoricidal function of classically activated macrophages. The chemokines CCL-22 and CCL-17 produced by either tumor cells or alternatively activated macrophages attract Th2 cells preferentially, which increase the local concentration of Th2 cytokines including IL-13 that further skewed the normal phenotype of macrophages at the site of the tumor micro-environment. Therefore, it is possible to restore the phenotype and function of alternatively activated macrophages by eliminating or blocking the activities of these cytokines. In the present investigation, we show that by blocking the activity/signaling of one of its major constituents IL-13, the iNOS expression and correspondingly NO production increases. The observation signifies its efficacy towards a novel approach for cancer therapy by modulating the function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in vivo for the first time.
Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivors: Interaction between Lifestyle and Physical Activity
Authors: Saggini R. , Calvani M. , Bellomo R.G. , Saggini A.
Published: January 2017

Cancer survivors are exposed to greater risk than the general population for several diseases: second primary and/or recurring cancer, sarcopenic obesity, metabolic syndrome and the related cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, decreased fatigue endurance, accelerated functional impairment and postural dysfunction; this is due to many factors, not only chemo/radiotherapy for cancer treatment and genetic predisposition, but also inappropriate lifestyle behaviour. The main interest of research on survival should be focused on the identification of the interventions capable of preventing premature mortality and on improving the patient's quality of life (QoL). Rehabilitating exercise and physical activity are effective tools to reach this goal, especially if combined with an appropriate lifestyle tailored to the individual needs, to provide a new comprehensive welfare model developed under the oncologist's supervision.
Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Barrier Cream Containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Chronic Hand Eczema
Authors: Vena G.A. , Cassano N. , Vestita M. , Alessandrini G. , Calvi C. , Carrino N. , di Giuseppe M.D. , Fai D. , Gabellone M. , Ligori P. , Malvindi C. , Mancino A. , Pellè S. , Stasi R. , Torsello P.
Published: January 2017

The management of chronic hand eczema is usually difficult. The aim of this open-label study is to assess the effectiveness and ‘steroid-sparing’ activity of a barrier cream containing polyvinylpyrrolidone in patients with chronic hand eczema. Rescue treatment with topical corticosteroids (TCs) was permitted in the event of eczema worsening, whereas preventive measures were maintained unchanged with respect to those adopted by patients in the past. Among the 207 participants, the main diagnosis was irritant contact dermatitis, followed by allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Nearly half of the patients (49%) applied the barrier cream once or twice a day, while the remaining patients used it three or more times per day. Regardless of rescue therapy with TCs, regular use of the barrier cream caused a progressive significant improvement of eczema severity, as indicated by dermatologists' and patients' assessments. A significant reduction in the amount of the TC applied in the last 3 months and in the number of TC treatment days during the previous 4 weeks was found at the end of 12-week treatment with the barrier cream as compared with baseline. The product was also well-tolerated and accepted by the majority of patients. The results of this study suggest that a barrier cream containing polyvinylpyrrolidone can represent a useful tool in the management of chronic hand eczema and may show steroid-sparing effects.
In vitro Skin Permeability of Different Terbinafine Hydrochloride Formulations
Authors: Pretorius E. , Bouic P.J.D. , Thebus Q. , Kriek W.
Published: January 2017

The objectives of the study are to determine the in vitro permeability of different terbinafine hydrochloride formulations through human skin and to measure the respective concentrations of each formulation within the exposed skin tissue. The permeation of three commercially available 1% terbinafine hydrochloride formulations and two terbinafine hydrochloride solutions of 10 and 20 mg/ml through human skin was investigated using an in vitro continuous flow-through perfusion system. The terbinafine hydrochloride retained in the skin was extracted and analysed. The terbinafine hydrochloride from the different formulations readily diffused into the skin tissue. However, no flux values for any of the terbinafine hydrochloride formulations through the skin into the receptor fluid were found. The mean terbinafine hydrochloride concentrations in the skin after 24 h exposure to the three commercial formulations were 3.589, 1.590 and 4.219 μg/ml respectively. The mean terbinafine hydrochloride concentrations in the skin after 24 h of exposure to the terbinafine hydrochloride solutions (PBS/Methanol 1:1) of 10 and 20 mg/ml were 85.280 and 154.680 μg/ml respectively. The mean terbinafine hydrochloride concentration in the skin exposed to the 10 mg/ml PBS/Methanol solution was higher than those from the three commercial formulations. Terbinafine seems to accumulate in skin/bind to the skin, rather than to diffuse through the skin into the receptor compartment. This unique pharmacokinetic property of terbinafine hydrochloride may enhance its efficacy as topical antifungal and reduce systemic side effects.
Preparation and Cytotoxicity Effect of Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Scfv Immunoliposome on Hepatocarcinoma Cell in Vitro
Authors: Zhang G-H. , Liu Y-F. , Hu H-Y.
Published: January 2017

The use of PE38 for cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention for a long time. However, the extensive use of PE38 is prohibited by its severe side effects. Even though immunotoxin PE38 has been researched for cancer therapy, it has displayed low antitumor activity. The aim of this study is to compare the killing efficacy on Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cell of immunoliposome PE38, immunotoxin PE38 and liposome PE38. In this study, the sterically stabilized liposomal PE38 was prepared using soybean phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and Cholesterol-PEG-COOH. The humanized anti-hepatoma disulfide-stabilized Fv (hdsFv25) was coupled to sterically stabilized liposomes using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester method. The immunoliposome PE38 was prepared in our lab using the above-mentioned single-chain antibody. The hdsFv25-immunoliposomes were immunoreactive as determined by ELISA assay. Immunoliposome PE38 can kill SMMC-7721 cells in vitro with higher efficiency than non-targeted liposomes. These results indicate that immunoliposome PE38 may be potential in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
Inflammatory Mediator Serotonin Receptor Gene (5-HTR3A) Expression Changes on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Koupaei M.T. Sadeghi , Ahangari G. , Samanguiei Sh.
Published: January 2017

The 5-HT3 receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated cation channel located in the central and peripheral nervous system and on extraneuronal locations like lymphocytes, monocytes and fetal tissue. Serotonin receptor gene expressions and their alterations in RA diseases have not been reported. The aim of this study is to show whether the serotonin receptor gene expresses on peripheral blood lymphocytes and also to characterise the lymphocyte serotonin receptor expression profiles in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, using RT-PCR technique, the research team investigated 5-HT3A receptor gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBMC) of forty healthy individuals compared to forty RA patients. The PBMC was separated from whole blood by Ficoll-hypaque. Total cellular RNA was extracted and then cDNA was synthesized. The research team analyzed quantititavely gene expression profile by Real time-PCR using primer pairs specific for 5-HT3A receptor and for β-actin as internal control. Each PCR product of 5-HT3A receptor was confirmed by DNA sequencer ABI 3700 capillary system (Applied Biosystem, USA). The results showed that the 5-HT3A receptor gene is detected on the lymphocytes of both normal control and RA patients. There was a significant difference between 5-HT3A receptor expression profile in RA and that of healthy individuals. Moreover, no SNP-based change on sequenced fragments was observed. In conclusion, the present study indicated that not only human lymphocytes in normal individuals and patients express 5HT3A receptor, but the expression pattern of 5HT3A receptor gene is different between normal controls and RA patients. Moreover, after sequencing no changes in either controls or patients were observed. The above-mentioned changes can contribute to new information related to the pathogenesis of RA disease.
Neutrophilic Cells in Sputum of Allergic Asthmatic Children
Authors: Giudice M. Miragliadel , Pedullà M. , Brunese F.P. , Capristo A.F. , Capristo C. , Tosca M.A. , Leonardi S. , Ciprandi G.
Published: January 2017

Airway inflammation is regarded as a central feature of asthma and is mostly sustained by eosinophilic infiltrate. Recent studies have shown that a co-activation of eosinophil- and neutrophil-dependent inflammatory mechanisms might explain why some asthmatics do not respond to conventional asthma therapy. The aim of our study is to determine whether neutrophilic inflammation was involved in 55 allergic children with mild-moderate persistent asthma and the relationship with the response to steroid treatment. Before the sputum analysis, all children underwent spirometry with the reversibility test, and were divided into two groups on the basis of the response (such as >12% of baseline FEV1): group 1 positive and group 2 negative. Eosinophil cationic protein concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and neutrophyl myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations were measured by an MPO-EIA. Ten healthy children of comparable ages served as control group. Total IgE, FEV1 and FEV/FVC values were similar in both groups. The sputum macrophage count was higher in controls than in allergic asthmatics, but there was no difference between groups 1 and 2 (59.6% vs 18.3% and 17%; p≤ 0.005). Sputum neutrophils were significantly higher in group 2 both vs controls (62% vs 34%; p≤ 0.005) and vs group 1 (62% vs 37%; p≤ 0.005). Our data suggest that neutrophils are involved in airway allergic inflammation in mild-moderate persistent childhood asthma and a high neutrophil count in sputum may be related to a lower responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids.
Respiratory Parameters in Traffic Policemen Exposed to Urban Pollution
Authors: Sancini A. , Caciari T. , Andreozzi G. , Scimitto L. , Schifano M.P. , Di Giorgio V. , Samperi I. , Ferrante E. , Fiaschetti M. , Tomei G. , Tomei F.
Published: January 2017

Studies in scientific literature have proved that urban pollution affects the respiratory system. The aim of our study is to assess the effects that different time of exposure to urban pollution can cause on respiratory function in municipal traffic policemen. The research was carried out on a sample of 120 traffic police officers of both sexes divided into two groups, group A with work service between 1 and 10 years and group B with more than 10 years of service. All subjects included in the study were tested for respiratory functions by a spirometer test. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between group A and group B (p<0.005) in some Spirometric parameters, such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The study suggests that longer occupational exposure to urban pollutants increases the risk of modifications of respiratory function.
Immunoglobulin Production Pattern in Allergic and Non-Allergic Subjects
Authors: Ciprandi G. , De Amici M. , Tosca M.A. , Marseglia G.
Published: January 2017

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by Th2 polarized immune response, such as increased IL-4 and reduced IFN-γ production, and by a functional defect of T regulatory cells. This impaired immune response profile influences the pattern of immunoglobulin (Ig) production in allergic patients. However, no studies have compared the pattern of inhalant allergen-specific Ig classes between allergic patients and normal subjects. The aim of this study is to therefore investigate the allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum level pattern in a group of patients with pollen allergy and in non-allergic healthy subjects. One hundred and two allergic patients (evaluated both out of and in the pollen season) were enrolled. In addition, 50 healthy non-allergic subjects were recruited during the whole year. Serum allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA for Parietaria, grasses, and birch were quantitatively determined by the ImmunoCAP System method. Allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum levels were significantly different for each tested allergen (p=0.0001 for each class) among groups. Allergic patients, mainly during pollen season, showed the highest IgG, IgG4, and IgA levels. The present study therefore provides the preliminary evidence that Ig production pattern toward inhalant allergens may depend on the specificity of the allergenic response both in non-allergic subjects and allergic patients Allergic patients do not show a defect of IgG and IgA classes. In addition, this study is the first that quantitatively evaluates the Ig classes. However, further studies should include non-allergic subjects evaluated both during and out of the pollen season.
Cognitive Impairment and Perceived Stress in Schizophrenic Inpatients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Pollice R. , Bianchini V. , Conti C.M. , Mazza M. , Roncone R. , Casacchia M.
Published: January 2017

The rate of lifetime traumas in the general population is high and a great deal of evidence suggests that persons with severe mental illness (SMI) show an even higher degree of vulnerability to trauma throughout their lives. Recent studies report between 13 and 29% of comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in schizophrenic patients. Other studies showed that SMI patients with PTSD were in poorer health, had lower self-esteem, and had lower subjective quality of life and more cognitive deficits in comparison with those without PTSD. The aim of this work is to study a sample of chronic schizophrenic inpatients admitted after the L'Aquila earthquake, to assess if comorbid PTSD is associated with a higher rate of neurocognitive deficit and poorer quality of life in comparison with schizophrenic inpatients without PTSD. The sample of this study, recruited after the L'Aquila earthquake (between April 2009 and December 2009), consisted of 54 schizophrenic earthquake survivors admitted consecutively to the Psychiatric Inpatients Unit of L'Aquila San Salvatore Hospital. Each patient was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the General Health Questionnaire − 12 items (GHQ-12). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to grade post-traumatic symptoms. PTSD diagnosis was made with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). The cognitive assessment battery included WAIS-III Digit Span and Trail Making Test to assess working memory and executive functions, respectively. The severity of illness was measured with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). All the patients were on antipsychotic drugs at a mean daily chlorpromazine-equivalent dose of 236.38 mg (SD 183.5). 17% of the 54 schizophrenic inpatients (n 9) met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. PTSD subjects had significantly higher scores on the PANSS Positive Symptom subscale (P ≤ 0.015) and higher GHQ-12 mean score (30.50 vs 16.93). In the presence of post-traumatic symptoms a significant difference between the two groups (with and without PTSD) was found in hyper-arousal subscale scores, with a significant impairment of working memory in the PTSD sample. PTSD symptom measures positively correlated with the PANSS total and Positive score and GHQ-12 score > 20 (“high stress level”). PTSD in schizophrenic patients is associated with a more severe cognitive deficit, higher levels of perceived stress and more positive symptoms. The investigation of PTSD in patients with schizophrenia might have important implications for their clinical management and for future research.
Cholesterol: An Inflammatory Compound
Authors: Saggini A. , Anogeianaki A. , Angelucci D. , Cianchetti E. , D'Alessandro M. , Maccauro G. , Salini V. , Caraffa A. , Teté S. , Conti F. , Tripodi D. , Fulcheri M. , Frydas S. , Rosati M. , Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y.B.
Published: January 2017

Obesity is one of the main rising causes of health problems in modern society and is correlated to type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and atherosclerosis. Bacterial products, endogenous substances such as oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and heat shock proteins mediate activation of Toll-like receptors and reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, natural killer T (NKT) cells respond to lipids presented via CD1d on APCs, and may also be able to affect atherosclerosis. All the main cell types involved in atherosclerosis such as endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets express proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, CD4 ligation triggers the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines and matrix metalloprotinease. IL-6 cytokines travels to the liver where it elicits acute phase response resolving in the release of serum amyloid-A C-reactive protein, fibrogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Therefore increasing body fat mass is associated with high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF. In this study we revisit the interrelationship between fat and inflammation.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: Relationship with Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Uncomplicated Obese Women
Authors: Dozio E. , Malavazos A.E. , Dogliotti G. , Goggi S. , Galliera E. , Solimene U. , Magni P. , Costa E. , Morricone L. , Corsi M.M.
Published: January 2017

In recent years, the link between obesity, inflammation and atherosclerosis has attracted increasing interest. Recently, besides the classical inflammatory markers, the competitive nitric oxide synthase antagonist asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Since obese people present a condition of chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, in the present study we quantified ADMA levels in uncomplicated obese women (with no clinical, cardiac or metabolic complications) and normal-weight control subjects. We investigated the relationship of ADMA with some anthropometric measurements, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation, and biochemical and proinflammatory factors of the subjects [interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL6-R/IL-6 ratio, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), homocysteine (Hey) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)]. ADMA and all the other pro-inflammatory parameters resulted higher in obese patients than in healthy subjects. ADMA significantly correlated with Hey, PAI-1, TNFα and with sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio but not with other anthropometric and biochemical parameters. In a stepwise regression analysis ADMA correlated most closely with Hey and TNFα. In conclusion, in our obese uncomplicated patients TNFα and Hey emerged as strong predictors of ADMA which might be a potential mediator of the effects of different risk factors affecting the cardiovascular system.
Cutaneous Infection of Nocardia Altamirensis: The First Case Report
Authors: Betto P. , Cerimele S. , Rassu M. , Fornasa C.V. , Di Pietro M. , Sessa R.
Published: January 2017

We report the first case of Nocardia altamirensis cutaneous infection in an immunocompetent host. A 53-year-old male, with no predisposing factors, presented with a suppurative papular nodule on the dorsum of his left foot. N. altamirensis was identified by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and treatment with amikacin led to complete resolution of the clinical picture. We believe that cutaneous nocardiosis should be kept in mind as a possible cause of serious complications also in immunocompetent hosts considering a nonspecific clinical picture and misdiagnosis of the infection as well as the poor response to empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Glutamine on Intestinal Inflammation: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Ren W-K. , Yin J. , Zhu X-P. , Liu G. , Li N-Z. , Peng Y-Y. , Yin Y-Y.
Published: January 2017

Intestinal inflammation is associated with various pathological diseases, such as gastritis from Helicobacter pylori infection, Crohn's and colitis in inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Thus, treatment with anti-inflammatory substances in these inflammation-associated diseases is critical. Increasingly compelling evidence indicates that glutamine is an anti-inflammatory compound candidate because it can influence the long-term outcome of the inflammatory diseases with in a low-risk way. However, before recommending its use in clinical practice, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which glutamine exerts its roles in modulating intestinal inflammation. In this study, we review the current knowledge on the detailed regulation pathway used by glutamine in its proinflammatory regulation, with a special emphasis on intestinal inflammation. These regulation pathways include nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K)/PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt), activating protein-1 (AP-1), nitric oxide synthases (NOS)-nitric oxide (NO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Γ (PPARγ), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1)- heat shock proteins (HSP) and glutathione (GSH) - reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although some regulatory pathways, such as PI3K/PI3K-Akt, GSH-ROS and AP-1, need to be further investigated, this review provides useful information to utilize glutamine as an immunonutritional or pharmaconutritional drug, not only for inflammation-associated diseases in the intestine, but also possibly for other inflammatory-associated diseases, i.e. arthritis, asthma, type 2 diabetes, etc.
Sclerostin: A Novel Player Regulating Bone Mass in Inflammation?
Authors: Albisetti W. , Giarratana L.S. , Viganò C. , Castiglioni S. , Maier J.A.
Published: January 2017

Inflammation is a common albeit overlooked cause of local and systemic bone loss which results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The Wnt pathway, which plays an essential role in the regulation of bone turnover, has been proposed as a potential molecular link between inflammation and inflammatory bone loss. We here recapitulate present knowledge about sclerostin, a Wnt pathway inhibitor, and bone damage in inflammation. A better understanding of sclerostin action and regulation might help in designing an effective treatment strategy in inflammatory bone loss.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Matarese G. , Isola G. , Anastasi G.P. , Cutroneo G. , Cordasco G. , Favaloro A. , Vita G. , Vermiglio G. , Milardi D. , Zizzari V.L. , Tetè S. , Perillo L.
Published: January 2017

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. The balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be fundamental for determining the outcome of immune pathology of periodontal disease. Cytokines play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a process which requires a delicate balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In particular, two families of growth factors-such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are thought to play important roles in modulating the proliferation and/or migration of structural cells involved in inflammation and regulation of immune responses. The aim of this work was to analyze gingival samples and periodontal tissue specimens collected from thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontal disease and from forty healthy individuals, in order to detect the expression and distribution of TGF-β1 and VEGF between the two groups. TGF-β1 and VEGF expression levels were detected using immunohistochemical analysis and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. The findings presented here suggest that biomarker such as TGF-β1 and VEGF have an important regulating role in the orchestration of the immune response, which in turn influence the outcome of disease establishment and evolution.
Chronic Ulcers: Treatment with Unfocused Extracorporeal Shock Waves
Authors: Saggini R. , Fioramonti P. , Bellomo R.G. , Di Stefano A. , Scarcello L. , Di Pancrazio L. , Iodice P. , Saggini A. , Scuderi N.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of chronic ulcers with unfocused shock waves. Between March 2009 and February 2012 we studied a group of 124 patients, aged between 28 and 80 years, with serious wounds arisen over three months and who met the inclusion criteria for treatment. The patients were randomly divided into groups A and B, both treated with unfocused ESWT but with an average energy density for each impulse equal to 0.10 mJ/mm2 in group A (total energy equal to 1.7 mJ for each shot) and an average energy density for each impulse equal to 0.04 mJ/mm2 in group B (total energy equal to 3.3 mJ for each shot). The pulses were administered at a frequency of 4 Hz in both groups. Wounds were classified according to: location, width, length, percentage of granulation tissue, necrotic tissue, fibrous tissue, presence of bacterial exudation and pain (assessed by VAS). Their evolution was monitored by photo capture. The patients were treated with a frequency of 1 session every 7 days for 7 weeks. During the treatment period, the possible occurrence of side effects was monitored. Before treatment the wounds in group A had an average area equal to 3.85 cm2 and the average value of the VAS pain scale was equal to 5.8 (range 2–9); the wounds in group B had an average area equal to 3.4 cm2 and the average value of the VAS pain scale was equal to 5.7 (range 3–9). At the end of the treatment protocol the mean area in group A decreased by 80% (final mean area 0.93 cm2), and the average pain on VAS scale dropped by 79%; the mean area in group B decreased by 67% (final mean area 1.2 cm2) and the average score on VAS scale dropped by 48%. None of the treated patients experienced adverse reactions to treatment. None of the treated wounds developed infection during treatment. In conclusion, shock waves can act on difficult wounds, stimulating the reparative physiological process; therefore it represents an effective and safe procedure to accelerate the healing process, reducing the operating costs and avoiding more complex interventions.
Changes of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase5b in the crevicular fluid in relation to orthodontic movement
Authors: Karaduman B , Uraz A , Altan GN , Baloş Tuncer B , Alkan Ö , Gönen S , Pehlivan S , Çetiner D
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b in the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement. Nine adolescents requiring canine distalization participated in the study. A canine undergoing distal movement served as the test tooth, and the contra-lateral canine served as the control. The clinical parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from the mesial and distal gingival crevices of teeth at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 28 days following force application. GCF samples were analyzed using ELISA. The data were analyzed using three-way repeated measures analysis of variance. TNF-α and TRAP5b levels in distal and mesial sites of the test teeth were significantly higher than that at both sites of the controls. When compared with baseline values, increase was prominent at 1 h and 24 h. The IL-10 concentration decreased during experimental period at both sites of the control and test teeth. The results demonstrated that orthodontic forces evoke changes in the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and TRAP5b during the initial stages of force application. The changes in local host response in periodontal tissues may be one of the triggers in regulating alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.
Deflation versus maintained inflation of gastric band in pregnancy: A national cohort study
Authors: Jefferys Amanda , Lenguerrand Erik , Cornthwaite Katie , Johnson Andrew , Lynch Mary , Hyde Judith , Draycott Tim , Siassakos Dimitrios
Published: January 2017

Background

With no evidence to guide management of the gastric band in pregnancy, we aim to compare outcomes according to band management.

Methods

Data were collected on all women pregnant (November 2011–October 2012) following gastric banding, using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System surveillance system. We compared outcomes between band management groups and with national data.

Results

Band management was variable; deflation 43.4%, inflation maintained 56.6%. The deflation group had lower risk of small for gestational age infants (no cases vs. 11.3%; risk ratio = 0.14, p = 0.05). There was greater gestational weight gain (deflation 15.4 kg, inflation 7.6 kg; adjusted p = 0.05), and perhaps higher risk of gestational hypertension (deflation 10.5%, inflation no cases; p = 0.08) in the deflation group. Other maternal outcomes were similar between management groups but overall worse than national data.

Conclusions

Deflation is associated with better outcomes for babies but worse outcomes for mothers than maintained inflation.
Identification of Tools and Techniques to Enhance Interdisciplinary Collaboration During Design and Construction Projects
Authors: Keys Yolanda , Silverman Susan R. , Evans Jennie
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to collect the perceptions of design professionals and clinicians regarding design process success strategies and elements of interprofessional engagement and communication during healthcare design and construction projects. Additional objectives were to gather best practices to maximize clinician engagement and provide tools and techniques to improve interdisciplinary collaboration for future projects. Strategies are needed to enhance the design and construction process and create interactions that benefit not only the project but the individuals working to see its completion. Meaningful interprofessional collaboration is essential to any healthcare design project and making sure the various players communicate is a critical element. This was a qualitative study conducted via an online survey. Respondents included architects, construction managers, interior designers, and healthcare personnel who had recently been involved in a building renovation or new construction project for a healthcare facility. Responses to open-ended questions were analyzed for themes, and descriptive statistics were used to provide insight into participant demographics. Information on the impressions, perceptions, and opportunities related to clinician involvement in design projects was collected from nurses, architects, interior designers, and construction managers. Qualitative analysis revealed themes of clinician input, organizational dynamics, and a variety of communication strategies to be the most frequently mentioned elements of successful interprofessional collaboration. This study validates the need to include clinician input in the design process, to consider the importance of organizational dynamics on design team functioning, and to incorporate effective communication strategies during design and construction projects.