bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band asymmetry–driven nonreciprocal electronic transport in a helimagnetic semimetal α-EuP
3
Authors: Mayo Alex Hiro , Deaconu Darius-Alexandru , Masuda Hidetoshi , Nii Yoichi , Takahashi Hidefumi , Belosludov Rodion Vladimirovich , Ishiwata Shintaro , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed , Onose Yoshinori
Published: January 2025

Chiral magnetic textures give rise to unconventional magnetotransport phenomena such as the topological Hall effect and nonreciprocal electronic transport. While the correspondence between topology or symmetry of chiral magnetic structures and such transport phenomena has been well established, a microscopic understanding based on the spin-dependent band structure in momentum space remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate how a chiral magnetic superstructure introduces an asymmetry in the electronic band structure and triggers a nonreciprocal electronic transport in a centrosymmetric helimagnet α-EuP
3
. The magnetic structure of α-EuP
3
is highly tunable by a magnetic field and closely coupled to its semimetallic electronic band structure, enabling a systematic study across chiral and achiral magnetic phases on the correspondence between nonreciprocal transport and electronic band asymmetry. Our findings reveal how a microscopic change in the magnetic configuration of charge carriers can lead to nonreciprocal electronic transport, paving the way for designing chiral magnets with desirable properties.
Iron limitation triggers roseoceramide biosynthesis and membrane remodeling in marine roseobacter
Authors: Ganley Jack G. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R.
Published: January 2025

Chemical communication between marine bacteria and their algal hosts drives population dynamics and ultimately determines the fate of major biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. To gain deeper insights into this small molecule exchange, we screened niche-specific metabolites as potential modulators of the secondary metabolome of the roseobacter,
Roseovarius tolerans
. Metabolomic analysis led to the identification of a group of cryptic lipids that we have termed roseoceramides. The roseoceramides are elicited by iron-binding algal flavonoids, which are produced by macroalgae that
Roseovarius
species associate with. Investigations into the mechanism of elicitation show that iron limitation in
R. tolerans
initiates a stress response that results in lowered oxidative phosphorylation, increased import and catabolism of algal exudates, and reconfiguration of lipid synthesis to prioritize production of roseoceramides over phospholipids, likely to fortify membrane integrity as well as promote a sessile and symbiotic lifestyle. Our findings add new small molecule words and their “meanings” to the algal-bacterial lexicon and have implications for the initiation of these interactions.
Molecular glue for phycobilisome attachment to photosystem II in
Synechococcus
sp. PCC 7002
Authors: Zheng Zhenggao , Li Xinrui , Wei Peijun , Zhang Xueang , Zhang Tianyi , Zhang Zhengdong , Dong Chunxia , Zhao Jindong
Published: January 2025

Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae. While the structures of PBS have been determined in atomic resolutions, how PBS are attached to the reaction centers of photosystems remains less clear. Here, we report that a linker protein (LcpA) is required for the attachment of PBS to photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium
Synechococcus
sp. PCC 7002. We also report that the PB-loop of PBS, which is located within the α-APC domain of ApcE, is required for the attachment of PBS to PSII. Deletion of either PB-loop or the gene A0913 led to a decreased rate of photoautotrophic growth under illumination of green light, which is preferentially absorbed by PBS. A double mutant lacking the PB-loop and A0913 (ΔPBL-0913) showed a complete inhibition of O
2
evolution under the 590 nm light and could not grow under green light illumination. While assembled PBS could be isolated from ΔPBL-0913, the energy transfer from its PBS to PSII was blocked as measured by fluorescence induction. Photobleaching with intact cells showed that the PBS movement speed in ΔPBL-0913 was 2.5 times as fast as that of the wild type, suggesting that association of its PBS with thylakoids was weakened significantly. The pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation results showed that the LcpA interacts with the CP47 subunit of PSII through its N-terminal region and interacts with ApcB of PBS through its C-terminal α-helix motif. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of PBS–PSII association and shed light on excitation energy transfer from PBS to PSII.
Voices in the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Heyd Theresa , Pithan Jana
Published: January 2025

This paper contributes to the emerging analytical framework of anthropo­morphized artifacts as part of Linguistic
Landscapes. It describes and analyzes cases where signage, objects, or related inanimate objects are inscribed with language that
includes first-person pronoun usage and thus constructs the notion of speakerhood. We analyze a corpus of over 80 such items and
provide qualitative analysis that includes structural aspects such as emerging syntactic regularities as well as the prevalence of
graphematic and stylistic informality markers. We identify discursive and pragmatic functions that the construction of voice has
in the analyzed material. We connect the phenomenon and our findings to theories of anthropo­morphization in general and to
current developments in posthumanist linguistics and the uncertain epistemic status of speakerhood more specifically.
Approaching language rights and justice for linguistic minorities from the perspective of constitutional
economics
Authors: Wickström Bengt-Arne
Published: January 2025

Methodological individualism is a central concept in normative economics. As the point of departure of our
discussion of linguistic justice, we postulates the equality of all individuals in relation to their first language. Any deviation
from this ideal has to be motivated. One such motivation is the impracticability of policy measures, for instance due to cost
arguments. A constitutional-economics analysis of the allocation of language rights focuses on this trade-off between equity and
efficiency. One can define a scale running from perfect equality combined with extensive inefficiency to perfect efficiency
combined with considerable inequalities between different individuals of different mother tongues. “(Linguistic) justice” of
public policy is then defined as an “optimal” choice, or trade-off, on this scale.

For the analysis, two tools in the tool chest of the economist will be applied in this essay:

An intuitive-imaginary analysis, based on a Gedankenexperiment involving an
imaginary “original position” behind a “veil of ignorance” from which the choice between different societies can be seen
as an individual’s choice of implicit income distributions under uncertainty about the individual’s own position in this
distribution. The chosen society is then defined as “just” and the choice is determined by the individuals’ attitude
towards uncertainty.

A formal-axiomatic definition of a (paretian) social-welfare function in implicit incomes (money
income plus perceived value of, for instance, language rights) of all citizens in the society. The definition of “justice”
is then found in the formal properties of this welfare function.

Both approaches lead to the same qualitative results.
Spatial curvature in coincident gauge f(Q) cosmology
Authors: Jensko Erik
Published: January 2025

In this work we study the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmologies with arbitrary spatial curvature for the symmetric teleparallel theories of gravity, giving the first presentation of their coincident gauge form. Our approach explicitly starts with the cosmological Killing vectors and constructs the coincident gauge coordinates adapted to these Killing vectors. We then obtain three distinct spatially flat branches and a single spatially curved branch. Contrary to some previous claims, we show that all branches can be studied in this gauge-fixed formalism, which offers certain conceptual advantages. We also identify common flaws that have appeared in the literature regarding the coincident gauge. Using this approach, we find that both the flat and spatially curved solutions in f(Q) gravity can be seen as equivalent to the metric teleparallel f(T) models, demonstrating a deeper connection between these theories. This is accomplished by studying the connection equation of motion, which can be interpreted as a consistency condition in the gauge-fixed approach. Finally, we discuss the role of diffeomorphism invariance and local Lorentz invariance in these geometric modifications of gravity.
Mean-field criteria for the onset of discontinuous recrystallization in cold rolled aluminum alloys
Authors: Falkinger Georg , Kahlenberg Robert , Theissing Moritz , Tosone Ramona , Pogatscher Stefan
Published: January 2025

Discontinuous subgrain growth is an important mechanism for the formation of recrystallization nuclei during annealing after cold rolling of aluminum alloys. Based on the analytical textbook theory for continuous and discontinuous growth of cellular microstructures, we derive and validate simple mean-field criteria for the onset of discontinuous recrystallization in aluminum alloys. The determining factors in the criteria are the stored energy after deformation, the rate of recovery and the mobility of large angle grain boundaries. The criteria are successfully applied to isothermal annealings and annealings at constant heating rates. They can be combined with arbitrary mean-field recovery models, including the widely used phenomenological softening laws.
Interface effect based nano-scale TiOX vertical synapse device for high-density integration in neuromorphic computing system
Authors: Cho Seojin , Han Geonhui , Lee Chuljun , Woo Jiyong , Lee Daeseok
Published: January 2025

To implement a neuromorphic computing system capable of efficiently processing vast amounts of unstructured data, a significant number of synapse and neuron devices are needed, resulting in increased area demands. Therefore, we developed a nanoscale vertically structured synapse device that supports high-density integration. To realize this synapse device, the interface effects between the resistive switching layer and the electrode were investigated and utilized. Electrical and physical analyses were conducted to comprehend the operational mechanism of the developed synapse device. The results indicate that oxygen ions from the resistive switching layer were absorbed by the electrode, forming metal–oxygen bonds. The

V

O

concentration in the switching layer that can change the total conductance of the device. To assess its potential as a synapse device in the neuromorphic system, the developed device was evaluated through pattern recognition simulation.
The effect of Ga-ion irradiation on sub-micron-wavelength spin waves in yttrium-iron-garnet films
Authors: Greil Johannes , Kiechle Martina , Papp Adam , Neumann Peter , Kovács Zoltán , Volk Janos , Schulz Frank , Wintz Sebastian , Weigand Markus , Csaba György , Becherer Markus
Published: January 2025

We investigate the effect of focused-ion-beam (FIB) irradiation on spin waves with sub-micron wavelengths in yttrium-iron-garnet films. Time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy was used to image the spin waves in irradiated regions and deduce corresponding changes in the magnetic parameters of the film. We find that the changes of Ga+ irradiation can be understood by assuming a few percent change in the effective magnetization

M

eff

of the film due to a trade-off between changes in anisotropy and effective film thickness. Our results demonstrate that FIB irradiation can be used to locally alter the dispersion relation and the effective refractive index

n
eff

of the film, even for submicron wavelengths. To achieve the same change in

n
eff

for shorter wavelengths, a higher dose is required, but no significant deterioration of spin wave propagation length in the irradiated regions was observed, even at the highest applied doses.
A mutually injected multi-wavelength opto-optic microwave oscillator
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Huang Yali , He Tong , Yu Xianbin
Published: January 2025

Flexible opto-optic microwave oscillators (OOMO) have high potential for providing both optical and electrical signals with high quality. In this work, a scalable OOMO with iterative substructures is proposed and demonstrated. Different from the previous all-optical microwave oscillators, multiple lasers with different wavelengths in an opto-optic oscillation loop serve as a series of optical carriers to support the Vernier effect in the wavelength domain. By performing mutual injection between various laser carriers in a single loop with the semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as the modulators, the gain competition between the laser carriers in the SOAs can be prevented, and stable and single-mode oscillation without an ultranarrow bandpass filter can be realized. We experimentally demonstrate a single-loop OOMO based on the proposed method, and tunable dual-wavelength optical signals for generating microwave signals with low phase noises in a wideband are successfully achieved. The scalable structure of this oscillator is expected to be applicable in the high-quality wavelength division multiplexing applications.
Physical simulation of nucleation and crystallization processes in transparent organic melts
Authors: Nuradinov A S , Nogovitsyn A V , Sirenko K A , Nuradinov I A , Chystiakov O V , Derecha D O
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work is the development of scientifically based ways of influencing the process of nucleation of crystallization centres to control the cast structure and the properties of blanks at the casting stage. The possibility of controlling crystal nucleation was studied on transparent modelling media using the droplet method. The dependence of the crystallization kinetics of drops with a size of 100÷200 μm on the overheat temperature (up to 15 degrees), the exposure in the overheated state and the degree of supercooling (up to 10 degrees) were established. The curves of the crystallization kinetics of drops from their melts were chosen as the criteria for evaluating the crystallization process. The nature of the change in the experimental media crystallization kinetics curves confirms the assumption about the decisive role of impurities in the crystallization processes of any alloys. The confirmation of the hypothesis about the decisive role of impurities in the processes of crystallization from positions of heterogeneous nucleation is the dependence of the number of solidified drops with the same diameter on the degree and duration of their overheating.
Multilayer broadband absorber based on gradient impedance difference between layers
Authors: Wu Lili , Cui Kai , Zheng Lei , Wang Yang , Wang Tao , Nie Yan , Wang Xian
Published: January 2025

With the rapid advancement of microwave technology, the demand for broadband and high-absorption performance presents significant challenges in the development of microwave materials. To meet these demands, we designed a broadband and high-absorption structure based on the gradient impedance difference between layers, grounded in transmission line theory. Through comparisons of broadband impedance matching and microwave attenuation characteristics under oblique incidence for different polarization modes, the gradient impedance distribution is optimized. Additionally, the relationship between the input impedance of the structure and the free-space wave impedance has been investigated. It is found that the four-layer structure performs the best impedance matching when the interlayer characteristic impedance is 70 Ω. The designed gradient impedance structure achieves a reflection loss of less than −10 dB across the 2–18 GHz frequency range and a stronger reflection loss below −20 dB within the 4.3–18 GHz frequency range. It also maintains a wide incident angle range from 0° to 60° under both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization modes. This study provides a promising technological approach for the design of broadband and high-absorption structures.
Dynamic magnetic behaviors and magnetocaloric effect of CrI3-like bilayer structure
Authors: Shi Kai-Le , Jiang Wei
Published: January 2025

Through the utilization of Monte Carlo simulations, the dynamic magnetic characteristics and magnetocaloric effect of a CrI3-like bilayer structure featuring mixed spin (3/2, 1) are explored. First, a detailed analysis is conducted on the influence of different parameters such as exchange coupling and dynamic magnetic field on the order parameter, susceptibility, and internal energy of the ferrimagnetic system. Various interesting phenomena have been discovered, such as the occurrence of a maximum in the magnetization curve, a double-peak behavior in the magnetic susceptibility curve, and the blocking temperature exhibiting an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with the increase of the bias field. During the investigation of hysteresis loops, a multi-loop phenomenon is observed. Various parameters are being examined to evaluate how they affect the magnetic entropy change, adiabatic temperature, and relative cooling power of the ferromagnetic system. These discoveries could prove advantageous when implementing them in spintronic devices and refrigeration technology.
A model for Alfvén-eigenmode-induced transport of fast ions in stellarators
Authors: Slaby C. , Kleiber R. , Könies A. , Wolf M.I. , Borchardt M.
Published: January 2025

A novel model for Alfvén-eigenmode-induced transport of fast ions in stellarators is introduced. A variety of reduced transport models exists for tokamaks, but nothing comparable currently exists for stellarators. The model is built on a mixing-length approximation for relating the linear growth rates of Alfvén eigenmodes to a diffusion coefficient which enters into a nonlinear steady-state radial diffusion equation for the fast-ion density profile. Analytical theory in the local and cylindrical limits is applied for computing growth rates and frequencies of Alfvénic modes at the intersection points of continuum branches. After verifying the new reduced model against the physically more complete hybrid-gyrokinetic CKA-EUTERPE model and finding good agreement, the new transport model is applied to a Wendelstein 7-X case, where modest profile flatting can be observed. Finally, as an outlook, the tool is also applied to a device resembling a future stellarator reactor. In the reactor, due to the high alpha-particle energy, the fast-ion transport caused by the interaction with Alfvénic modes is potentially very strong. However, due to the simplifications made by the model (Landau damping is the only damping channel, no finite-Larmor-radius or finite-orbit-width effects) the transport in the reactor is likely overestimated.
Upgrade of the CMS Drift Tube electronics for the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Bedoya C.F. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: January 2025

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade mandates a comprehensive overhaul of the CMS Drift Tubes (DT) electronics due to trigger rates surpassing current capabilities. Accordingly, a new DT electronics has been designed that not only overcomes the readout limitations but also, will allow to improve the performance of the muon barrel trigger system by increasing the resolution and reducing the fake rates. The on-detector part of this new electronics will continue to perform the time digitization of the DT chamber signals with the required 0.78 ns but will achieve factors closer to 10 in terms of integration, reducing the power dissipation by half. The core of this new on-detector electronics is the On-detector Board for DT (OBDT) board that will allow integrating up to 240 time digitization channels and forward them without data losses, with ∼10 W of power consumption and operating under radiation environment. The backend system will be based in Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) boards and for the first time we have successfully implemented the DT trigger primitive algorithm capable of using the OBDT streamline data and performing the DT muon track reconstruction in the available latency and with very similar to offline resolution. The deployment of OBDTs in a sector of the CMS has allowed to obtain the first results that validate the new architecture and its performance. Rigorous testing procedures have been conducted to ensure the suitability of these systems for the demanding operating conditions of the HL-LHC, with a primary emphasis on functionality and reliability. This report outlines an innovative approach to DT electronics, promising enhanced performance in a challenging HL-LHC environment.
Design of the resonance extraction scheme for the upgrade project of the China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: An Yuwen , Yuan Yaoshuo , Li Zhiping , Huang Liangsheng , Xu Shouyan
Published: January 2025

In the upcoming upgrade project of the China Spallation
Neutron Source (CSNS II), the beam power is planned to increase to
500 kW. One important potential application with the enhanced beam
power is the proton radiography based on resonance extraction of the
proton beams. In this article we present a scheme of beam resonance
extraction for the proton radiography, by using the skew sextupole
magnet, the trim quadrupoles(QTs), the rf kicker, and the septum
magnet in the rapid cycling synchrotrons (RCS) of the CSNS II. It is
shown that with the adoption of the proposed scheme, a sufficient
large number of particles 1.0 × 1010 in 20 bunches with
410 ns time interval can be extracted from the RCS, which satisfies
the requirement of the proton radiography.
Bioconvection in an anisotropic scattering suspension of phototactic algae exposed to diffused sunlight
Authors: Rajput S K , Panda M K
Published: January 2025

The onset of phototaxis-driven bioconvection in an anisotropic (forward) scattering algal suspension illuminated from above by diffuse/scattered sunlight is investigated in the proposed work. Linear stability analysis is performed to investigate the onset of bioconvection in the proposed study and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved using a fourth-order accurate, finite-difference scheme based on the Newton Raphson Kantorovich iteration. The study demonstrates that forward scattering enhances suspension stability, energy transfer to deeper regions resulting significant biomass contribution and variation in it allows the bioconvective solution to shift from mode 1 to mode 2 at fluid dynamic instability. Moreover, the bioconvective flow patterns of the proposed model via perturbed algal concentration are implicated in key ecological phenomena, including blooms. The findings of this study show some resemblance to gyrotactic bioconvection via dismissal of the collimated beam. Furthermore, the outcomes of the proposed work include evidence of some interesting phenomena, such as the existence of limit cycles (and/or orbits) via bifurcation analysis.
Fractal, tribo-mechanical and corrosion characterization of hydrophobic and lead free electroless Ni-B mono and bi-layer coating developed using artificial intelligence
Authors: Kumar Abhinandan , Jana Tamonash , Ghuku Sushanta , Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb
Published: January 2025

A quaternary, lead free electroless Ni-B-Cu-Sn coating was obtained using experimental design, artificial neural network and genetic algorithm based on higher hardness and deposition rate. A high predicted as-deposited hardness of 1138 HV0.05 and deposition rate of 10 μm hr−1 was achieved. Coating surface had nodular, self-similar fractal nature with higher density for the bi-layered variant. The surface roughness and tribological behaviour was better for the single layered coating. Adoption of double layered coating only had a mild improvement in the corrosion resistance. The bi-layered coatings also exhibit hydrophobic nature with contact angle ∼121°–130°. The first critical load of failure of both the coatings were around 20 N which is nearly like lead stabilized electroless Ni-B coating. This new coating variant can possibly be a newer replacement to the conventional coatings.
Divertor heat flux challenge and mitigation in the EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: WANG 王 Fuqiong 福琼 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , HUA 华 Jiankun 建坤 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , BO 薄 Xiaokun 晓坤 , CHEN 陈 Bo 博 , SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , XU 徐 Shuai 帅 , WANG 王 Erhui 二辉 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , Team the EHL-2
Published: January 2025

The divertor design is critical to heat load handling and thus to achievements of high-performance plasma operations in the EHL-2 (ENN He-Long 2) tokamak. This paper presents the design of an X-point target (XPT) divertor, featuring a conventional inner divertor and an XPT outer divertor, aimed at the effective control of heat loads, which may be extremely high during high ion temperature scenarios. The divertor target plates are made from carbon-based materials, which can handle heat loads of up to 5 MW/m². Divertor performances, including the heat load controllability, the onset of detachment and the in–out/up–down asymmetry, etc., are evaluated using both the simple particle-tracking strategy and the complicated SOLPS-ITER code. Special attention is paid to the drift effects on particle/heat transport in the divertor/scrape-off layer region and on the divertor heat loads, focusing on the semi-detached/detached operation regimes. Results from SOLPS-ITER simulations demonstrated that the currently designed magnetic equilibrium and divertor configuration can effectively handle the power heat load in EHL-2.
Enhancing electrocatalytic performance of RuO2-based catalysts: mechanistic insights, strategic approaches, and recent advances
Authors: KC Binod Raj , Kumar Dhananjay , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical water splitting presents the ultimate potential of hydrogen and oxygen production; however, regulating the rate and efficiency of water splitting is highly dependent on the accessibility of extremely efficient electrode materials for slow performance kinetics and large overpotential of both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) based materials display high performance for OER and HER because of their capacity to bind oxygen, eminent catalytic activity, low cost compared to other precious metals, and stability in a wide pH range. However, there is still much space to promote the OER and HER activity and stability of RuO2 to fulfill the necessity for practical applications in water splitting. Different researchers applied multiple approaches that boosted the catalytic performance of RuO2-based electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in RuO2-based materials in the field of water electrolysis for the generation of alternative energies. It gives a general description of water splitting in acidic and alkaline settings, including reaction mechanisms as well as common evaluation elements for the catalytic function of the materials. Most of the reviews reported based on RuO2 materials are only focused on OER performance, but this review highlighted comprehensive ideas on different strategies like morphology design, electronic structure, electrolytes, and compositions for optimizing both electrocatalytic HER and OER functioning of RuO2-based electrocatalysts.
HHT based protection for series compensated double circuit transmission lines considering evolving and cross-country faults
Authors: Kundu Mondal Madhumita , Debnath Sudipta
Published: January 2025

In this paper a fault detection and classification technique has been pro- posed for series compensated double circuit transmission line (SCDCTL) using Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT). The series compensation makes the fault detection a difficult task in SCDCTL. Furthermore, the traditional protection schemes may fail to detect the faulty phase when complex and simultaneous faults occur in the line. From the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) of the current signals, Current signals have been collected from the two ends of the line and Discrete Tea ger Energy has been calculated for each phase to detect and classify faults. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated for variation of series compensation level, close in faults, reverse power flow, evolving fault, cross-country and complex cross-country faults through extensive simulation results. Power swing and time delay in obtaining data from the remote end has also been considered to test the suitability of the proposed technique in SCDCTL. Comparison with other recent approaches establishes the superior performance of the proposed technique.
Improving detection of Parkinson’s disease with acoustic feature optimization using particle swarm optimization and machine learning
Authors: Hadjaidji Elmoundher , Amara Korba Mohamed Cherif , Khelil Khaled
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by motor impairments and tremors, also presents early-stage vocal abnormalities that hold diagnostic potential. Leveraging voice analysis and classification techniques, numerous studies explore the feasibility of early PD detection through automated systems. While several databases offer acoustic features for this purpose, their effectiveness largely depends on the classification methodology employed. This study aims to refine PD detection systems by introducing customized weighting to acoustic features, adjusting their significance based on their correlation with the disease and the classification algorithm utilized. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed for this purpose, with the Oxford PD dataset serving as the source data for training and validation. Performance evaluation encompasses four classification algorithms: support vector machine, Gradient Boosting (GB), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Naïve Bayes. A 5-fold cross-validation technique was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of our method for PD detection. The results show that our approach significantly improves performance regardless of the classifier used, demonstrating its generalization capability. The KNN classifier surpasses state-of-the-art results, achieving an accuracy of 97.44% and a sensitivity of 98.02%.
A converse to the Hasse–Arf theorem
Authors: Elder G. , Keating Kevin
Published: January 2025

Let

K
K

be a local field with perfect residue field and let

L

/

K

L/K

be a finite Galois extension. The Hasse-Arf theorem says that if

Gal
⁡
(
L

/

K
)

\operatorname {Gal}(L/K)

is abelian then the upper ramification breaks of

L

/

K

L/K

must be integers. We prove the following converse to the Hasse-Arf theorem: Let

G
G

be a nonabelian group which is isomorphic to the Galois group of some totally ramified extension

E

/

F

E/F

of local fields with residue characteristic

p
>
2

p>2

. Then there is a totally ramified extension

L

/

K

L/K

of local fields with residue characteristic

p
p

such that

Gal
⁡
(
L

/

K
)
≅
G

\operatorname {Gal}(L/K)\cong G

and

L

/

K

L/K

has at least one nonintegral upper ramification break.
A class of discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonlinear variational problems
Authors: Grekas G. , Koumatos K. , Makridakis C. , Vikelis A.
Published: January 2025

In the context of discontinuous Galerkin methods, we study approximations of nonlinear variational problems. We propose element-wise nonconforming finite element methods to discretize the continuous minimisation problem. Using

Γ
\Gamma

-convergence arguments we show that for convex energies the discrete minimisers converge to a minimiser of the continuous problem as the mesh parameter tends to zero, under the additional contribution of appropriately defined penalty terms at the level of the discrete energies. In addition, we provide error analysis in the case where the solution of the continuous minimization problem is smooth enough. Under appropriate assumptions we show local existence, uniqueness and corresponding optimal order error estimates for the discrete Euler-Lagrange equations of our scheme. We finally substantiate the feasibility of our methods by numerical examples.
Power and Manipulation
Authors: Jonas Monique
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines concerns about advisors improperly exercising power through their framing and delivery of advice, and reveals how power dynamics can compromise the safety of advice relationships. Section 4.1 considers worries about the use of manipulative techniques and concludes that thinking in terms of manipulation only serves to muddy the ethical waters when it comes to advice. There is more to be gained by focusing on whether the norms of advice are adhered to. The discussion then turns to the challenge of navigating power relations. Disparities of power between advisor and advisee can threaten the prospects of advice being received as such, even when the advisor’s conduct, intentions, and attitudes are norm-compliant. I canvass a range of relationships in which status issues pose challenges for advising and consider what makes it possible to safely advise those whom we rely upon, or who rely upon us.
Introduction
Authors: Walker Jennifer
Published: January 2025

From concert performances across the globe to television (The Righteous Gemstones, HBO, 2019), Berlioz’s Requiem has garnered a distinctive place in the contemporary auditory imagination, one that challenges the shop-worn narratives of empty bombast disguised as Catholic ritual. This introductory chapter introduces the terms of the common argument that Berlioz’s Requiem, in lacking religious sincerity, is the product par excellence of nineteenth-century Romantic excess, drama, and theatricality. If the Requiem’s brief appearance during the introduction to The Righteous Gemstones, a television show steeped in excess and religious insincerity, seems to underscore accepted narratives about the work, this chapter introduces the multiple ways in which the Requiem can be heard and understood anew.
Rehearing the Requiem
Authors: Walker Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers the persistence of the notion that Berlioz’s Requiem is, at its core, a primer in Romantic theatricality and religious indifference. While the work continues to appeal to modern audiences, it also delights audience members who have come to expect Berlioz and his music to be the standard bearer of nineteenth-century dramatic, monumental, and programmatic Romanticism. This sort of appeal is not unlike that which surrounds other settings of the Requiem mass, including those by Verdi and Mozart, whose receptions have likewise been shaped by questions that ask what role expressive (dramatic) music should play in sacred music and how, if at all, the realms of the sacred and the secular should interact in musical works. Theatrical as it may appear, then, we may now rehear the Requiem as a study in sacred musical aesthetics, the sacred sublime, and aural architecture
Supra-Organic Landscapes
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D
Published: January 2025

Super-organisms are multipart entities that function as a single being. The highly interconnected nature of landscapes and Earth systems makes it tempting to view them as super-organisms. But landscapes are supra-organisms—systems that include multiple interacting biota and abiotic factors and that transform over time and respond to disturbances and changes as a single unit. This does not preclude responses by individual components of the system, but it does imply that these are linked to system-level responses. A supra-organism is an environmental system whereby neither abiotic factors nor biota operate or develop independently of each other. This means that in addition to evolution of its constituent elements, supra-organisms evolve at the system level. This chapter explains and builds a case for the supra-organic landscape framework. A general example of supra-organic behavior in responses to climate change is given, along with two specific examples of supra-organic evolution in salt marshes and forests.
Renewability, circularity, and industry
Authors: Ali Saleem H.
Published: January 2025

This chapter looks into sustainability discourse revolving around the notions of renewability, circularity, and industry. It explains that biotic systems appear to show circular patterns of resource flows which subsequently lead to the biogeochemical cycles. In accordance with the field of industrial ecology, anthropogenic systems of production can mimic or harmonize with natural systems in terms of energy and material flows. The chapter then discusses resource extraction efficiency and rebound effects, referencing primary industries of an economy as the key to a more sustainable economic system. It looks into the notion of a Steady-State Economy that involves circular resource flows and a focus on sufficiency.
Understanding language
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the understanding of language. It explains that the language system is sensitive to the knowledge of the world and the plausibility of different situations. Any major delays in communication could lead to a backlog of processing operations and an eventual breakdown in communication. The chapter then provides an overview of the McGurk Effect, wherein visual information from the speaker’s face also helps listeners overcome variability in speech sounds as it serves as an additional source of information. Moreover, psycholinguists have proposed several language understanding models, such as the Garden-Path model of human parsing, the Good Enough Language Processing model, and Parallel Constraint-Based models.
Being bilingual
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on bilingualism. For psycholinguists, the fundamental scientific questions about bilingualism pertain to how two language systems coexisting in a single individual are represented, managed, and coordinated. The chapter then discusses the key concept of code-switching wherein the speaker switches from one language to the other within the same sentence. Moreover, code-switching offers further evidence for the co-activation of known languages in a bilingual’s mind during production or comprehension. Initially, bilingualism was viewed as a risk factor for children’s cognitive and linguistic development, but, eventually, the motivation for these views came to be seen as rooted in bias against immigrant groups and in racist policies promoting English-only.
The psycholinguistics of sign language and gesture
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides an overview of the psycholinguistics of sign language and gesture. It explains that sign languages make use of the manual–visual modality and are used primarily by individuals who are Deaf, although many hearing people also choose to acquire a sign language. Similar to spoken languages, sign languages consist of linguistic units that are combined according to a set of grammatical rules. The chapter then highlights how gestures in speech contribute to people’s understanding of a sentence and language. It also considers the links between co-activation and code-switching, particularly co-activation in bi-modal bilingualism that constitutes co-activation without competition.
What’s next?
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers the future of psycholinguistics. It explains that several major developments over the last few decades have dramatically changed the theoretical landscape and even the nature of empirical enquiry in the field. Moreover, Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, work by using advanced computer systems designed to interpret and generate human-like text. The chapter explains how LLMs contribute to psycholinguistics by studying the extent of exposure to linguistic materials and generating grammatical strings without having been taught anything about grammar. It also provides an overview of information theory, the correlation of language processing to brain mechanisms, and diversity in psycholinguistics.
Potential Therapeutic drug Targets for Hypertension Identified using Proteomics and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Pan Wei , Huang Daoxin , Lin Chunjin , Huang Haozhang , Chen Qing , Wang Liman , Li Min , Yu Huizhen
Published: January 2025

Background

Hypertension (HT) is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Despite being a highly heritable trait, the underlying mechanisms of HT remain elusive due to its complex genetic architecture. Discovering disease-associated proteins with causal genetic evidence offers a potential strategy for identifying therapeutic targets for HT.

Methods

We analyzed the plasma proteome of 4,657 plasma proteins from 7,213 European American (EA) participants in the ARIC study. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for HT were sourced from FinnGen R10, which includes 102,864 cases and 289,117 controls. Cis-Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to assess the causal effect of circulating proteins on the risk of HT. A multiverse sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of these causal relationships. Colocalization analysis was conducted to determine whether these features share the same associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The causal effects of HT-associated proteins were then validated using cis-protein quantitative trait loci (Cis-pQTL) genetic instruments from the deCODE database.

Results

Among 1,788 proteins, genetically predicted levels of 18 plasma proteins were associated with HT in the discovery stage. Seven of these proteins showed strong support for colocalization. After replication, only ERAP1 and ACVRL1 were validated as therapeutic candidates for HT, demonstrating a negative correlation with the risk of HT.

Conclusions

By combining cis-MR analysis with colocalization analysis, we identified ERAP1 and ACVRL1 as potential targets for interventions in the primary prevention of HT, with ERAP1 emerging as a particularly promising drug target after further validation.
Ceftobiprole: A therapeutic update
Authors: Hitt Emily M , Bowers Dana R
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this therapy update is to highlight new clinical studies comparing ceftobiprole to current therapies and provide evidence for its suggested role in therapeutic management of selected infectious diseases.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a global health problem, and newer targeted antimicrobials are necessary to combat increasing rates of problematic infections. More specifically, targeted antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are needed. Ceftobiprole has been marketed internationally for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired pneumonia, and hospital-acquired pneumonia. While Food and Drug Administration approval was previously pursued for its use in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in the US, the Food and Drug Administration issued a complete response letter determining that study data were unreliable and recommended completion of additional studies. In April 2024, ceftobiprole was granted approval for 3 indications in the US based on updated clinical study data. Ceftobiprole is the second fifth-generation cephalosporin to be developed and approved for clinical use.

Conclusion

Ceftobiprole has been shown to be safe and effective in treating specific infectious diseases such as bloodstream infections, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Its use should be considered when targeting infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus where other therapeutic options may be limited. However, additional real-world data on the efficacy of ceftobiprole should be continually monitored as experience in the US increases.
Development of a highly sensitive method to detect translational infidelity
Authors: Hartmann Max , Neher Lisa , Grupp Benjamin , Cao Zhouli , Chiew Chloe , Iben Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is the balance of protein synthesis, protein maintenance, and degradation. Loss of proteostasis contributes to the aging process and characterizes neurodegenerative diseases. It is well established that the processes of protein maintenance and degradation are declining with aging; however, the contribution of a declining quality of protein synthesis to the loss of proteostasis is less well understood. In fact, protein synthesis at the ribosome is an error-prone process and challenges the cell with misfolded proteins. Here, we present the development of a highly sensitive and reproducible reporter assay for the detection of translational errors and the measurement of translational fidelity. Using Nano-luciferase, an enzyme 3 times smaller and 50 times more sensitive than the hitherto used Firefly-luciferase, we introduced stop-codon and amino-acid exchanges that inactivate the enzyme. Erroneous re-activation of luciferase activity indicates ribosomal inaccuracy and translational infidelity. This highly sensitive and reproducible method has broad applications for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases associated with defective protein synthesis and can be used for drug screening to modulate translational fidelity.
Composite likelihood inference for space-time point processes
Authors: Jalilian Abdollah , Cuevas-Pacheco Francisco , Xu Ganggang , Waagepetersen Rasmus
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of a rain forest is extremely complex involving births, deaths, and growth of trees with complex interactions between trees, animals, climate, and environment. We consider the patterns of recruits (new trees) and dead trees between rain forest censuses. For a current census, we specify regression models for the conditional intensity of recruits and the conditional probabilities of death given the current trees and spatial covariates. We estimate regression parameters using conditional composite likelihood functions that only involve the conditional first order properties of the data. When constructing assumption lean estimators of covariance matrices of parameter estimates, we only need mild assumptions of decaying conditional correlations in space, while assumptions regarding correlations over time are avoided by exploiting conditional centering of composite likelihood score functions. Time series of point patterns from rain forest censuses are quite short, while each point pattern covers a fairly big spatial region. To obtain asymptotic results, we therefore use a central limit theorem for the fixed timespan—increasing spatial domain asymptotic setting. This also allows us to handle the challenge of using stochastic covariates constructed from past point patterns. Conveniently, it suffices to impose weak dependence assumptions on the innovations of the space-time process. We investigate the proposed methodology by simulation studies and an application to rain forest data.