bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective Maximization of Monotone Submodular Functions with Cardinality Constraint
Authors: Udwani Rajan
Published: December 2020

We consider the problem of multiobjective maximization of monotone submodular functions subject to cardinality constraint, often formulated as [Formula: see text]. Although it is widely known that greedy methods work well for a single objective, the problem becomes much harder with multiple objectives. In fact, it is known that when the number of objectives m grows as the cardinality k, that is, [Formula: see text], the problem is inapproximable (unless P = NP). On the other hand, when m is constant, there exists a a randomized [Formula: see text] approximation with runtime (number of queries to function oracle) the scales as [Formula: see text]. We focus on finding a fast algorithm that has (asymptotic) approximation guarantees even when m is super constant. First, through a continuous greedy based algorithm we give a [Formula: see text] approximation for [Formula: see text]. This demonstrates a steep transition from constant factor approximability to inapproximability around [Formula: see text]. Then using multiplicative-weight-updates (MWUs), we find a much faster [Formula: see text] time asymptotic [Formula: see text] approximation. Although these results are all randomized, we also give a simple deterministic [Formula: see text] approximation with runtime [Formula: see text]. Finally, we run synthetic experiments using Kronecker graphs and find that our MWU inspired heuristic outperforms existing heuristics.
O Segredo como Conceito Político: a propósito de Democracia e Segredo de Norberto Bobbio.
Authors: De Souza Ronaldo Tadeu
Published: December 2020

O breve texto ora apresentado tem como objetivo expor ao estudioso de ciências sociais, em especial o da área de ciência política, as reflexões do eminente filósofo político italiano Norberto Bobbio acerca das dificuldades da democracia diante do segredo com instrumento e técnica de governo, sobretudo nos regimes democráticos do fim do século XX e início do XXI. Para isso, na forma de resenha, discutimos o livro Democracia e Segredo, publicado pela editora UNESP em 2016.
A Corporeidade e a Liberdade: Mulheres Negras e a Coragem De Ser
Authors: Gonçalves Restier da Costa Souza Joyce
Published: December 2020

As discussões sobre liberdade, igualdade e solidariedade estiveram presentes na constituição da sociologia clássica independente de sua escola. A modernidade surgiu transformando a sociedade pelos meios de produção e pelas novas relações sociais que se estabeleciam. O Capitalismo visto como o sistema gestor da Modernidade ocasionou a ênfase das modificações estruturais na sociedade sob o crivo da economia, detendo em si, a escravização e a especificidade do papel da violência como agente histórico determinante propiciando a acumulação de capital que engendrou a Revolução Industrial. Imbuídos desta noção argumentaremos a partir de configurações sobre corporeidades negras a possível produção de sentidos sobre a liberdade a partir dos corpos de mulheres negras.
Apropriação Cultural: Novas Configurações das Identidades na Era da Globalização
Authors: Heleno Bárbara Lopes , Reinhardt Rafaella Max
Published: December 2020

A globalização aproximou o mundo e transformou a forma dos sujeitos construírem suas identidades. Paralelamente, grupos culturais minoritários disputam a exclusividade de símbolos, que são objetos definidores de sua cultura, e se tornaram bens de consumo. Neste artigo, buscamos realizar uma análise teórica sobre o fenômeno da apropriação cultural, enquanto uma desigual disputa de poder, a partir da construção identitária dos sujeitos num mundo globalizado.
TRAJETÓRIAS EDUCACIONAIS: TECNOLOGIAS QUE ATRAVESSAM UM CORPO MULHER, NEGRO, BISSEXUAL E CANDOMBLECISTA
Authors: Polizel Alexandre Luiz
Published: December 2020

O presente manuscrito consiste em um recorte de um projeto de pesquisa maior intitulado “Histórias, violências e desalojares: a trajetória de LGBTs nos espaços de ensino” e, tem por objetivo levantar considerações acerca do questionamento: “Que tecnologias de poder atravessam um corpo mulher, negro, bissexual e candomblecista em sua trajetória educacional podem ser evidenciadas no ato deste corpo de narrar-se a si?”. Para traçar tais explanações, é realizado como mote a produção de narrativas de si por meio de dialogo audiogravado-transcrito, caderno de campo e uma hermeneutica discursiva inspirada em Michel Foucault e na heteroautobiografia de Margareth Rago. Evidenciam-se tecnologias de normalização, moralização cristã, silênciamento, não audição e ocupação espacial.
ESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO DE UMA REDE DE APOIO AOS AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Pellegrini Taís Barcellos de , Machado Paula Sandrine
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a situação de atendimento ao autor de violência em um serviço de apoio às vítimas de violência intrafamiliar, bem como a do Fórum e Delegacia de Mulheres em uma cidade do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo etnográfico, com observação participante, considerando as práticas discursivas entre os/as operadores/as do serviço e os usuários. Em relação ao atendimento do homem autor, observou-se a resistência em prestar apoio, a centralização da assistência às vítimas, a patologização do autor e a ideia de transgeracionalidade da violência. Isto mostra a dificuldade de formular ações que incluam os homens na assistência às situações de violência e, consequentemente, o afastamento dos homens da instituição.
Reflexões sobre a cultura no pensamento social de Celso Furtado e na construção do método histórico-estrutural: um diálogo com a Sociologia e a Antropologia
Authors: Maia Tiago Macedo Bezerra , Sousa João Morais de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de elucidar a importância da aproximação e do diálogo de Celso Furtado (1920-2004) junto as ciências sociais, mais especificamente com a sociologia e a antropologia, ao inserir a cultura como ideia central em seus estudos e lançar uma luz compreensiva num dos elementos fundamentais que constituem o seu pensamento social: o método histórico-estrutural. Neste sentido, o foco será a construção da problematização furtadiana sobre a cultura, basilar no seu pensamento e na sua busca de uma intepretação do subdesenvolvimento brasileiro. Por ser uma pesquisa de cunho teórico, a metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, que se configurou na revisão bibliográfica-documental. Ao evidenciar a centralidade temática da cultura nas reflexões furtadianas, espera-se poder contribuir para futuras pesquisas quanto a atualidade das críticas sociais deste intelectual nordestino, sempre comprometido com prementes mudanças estruturais para a América Latina e para o Brasil.
Celso Furtado e a “nação interrompida”: a questão nacional e sua construção interrompida dos livros à SUDENE
Authors: Oliveira Neto João Matias de , Meneses Valdênio Freitas
Published: December 2020

A questão nacional no Brasil republicano é objeto de reflexão e crítica de intelectuais os mais diversos, ecoando os já muitos estudos a seu respeito em países periféricos e não-periféricos. Este artigo tem por propósito analisar como Celso Furtado, ao destacar a necessidade de uma perspectiva histórica e socioeconômica da integração nacional, aliando a teoria à prática, promove um debate sobre a questão nacional que dialoga com significados outros da formação da nação no Brasil e no mundo, acrescentando o fato da nação estar “interrompida” por não superar as barreiras para uma integração nacional e social efetiva. Tal perspectiva é analisada no campo da prática quando observamos a atuação do intelectual paraibano à frente da SUDENE e do enfrentamento de projetos de poder de influentes lideranças políticas na Paraíba.
Mulheres na teoria geral da administração: por uma educação não sexista
Authors: Souza Susane Petinelli , Covre Isabel Gomes
Published: December 2020

O estudo realizado teve como objetivo um mapeamento de mulheres estudiosas que contribuíram para a produção de conhecimentos considerados basilares aos futuros administradores. Tais conhecimentos compõem a chamada teoria geral da administração. Para tanto, foi necessário colocar em discussão a importância de uma educação não sexista, assim como certas desigualdades vivenciadas pelas mulheres. Para além das desigualdades atreladas ao gênero e à linguagem, as mulheres também sofrem com desigualdades geográficas, raciais e de classe. O estudo foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, utilizando como fonte de pesquisa programas de disciplinas de um curso de administração de uma instituição de ensino público federal da região Sudeste do Brasil. Como resultado foi possível mapear oito mulheres e suas contribuições. O estudo evidenciou uma educação sexista na área da administração, uma tendência a autorias no esquema homem branco, algo característico de uma sociedade ainda patriarcal. Palavras-Chave: mulheres; administração; educação sexista; gênero.
A EXPERIÊNCIA TRANSFORMADORA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA
Authors: Guedes Neide Cavalcante , Gomes Tiago Pereira
Published: December 2020

O artigo trata da desigualdade social, domínio das tecnologias, e a presença da igualdade e da equidade na escola e na academia. Trazemos as questões estruturais que travam as atividades educacionais, discutimos igualdade e equidade na perspectiva de analisar a Lei e sua efetivação no que diz respeito ao sistema público de ensino e finalizamos com o estudo realizado pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas sobre a realização de Atividades Extracurriculares Especiais por meio das tecnologias. Em síntese, a pandemia mostra a real condição das instituições sociais tanto na educação quanto na saúde.
O exercício progressivo dos direitos da criança: as premissas da corte interamericana de direitos humanos sob a perspectiva dos acordos argumentativos propostos por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca | The progressive exercise of children's rights: the premises of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights from the perspective of the argumentative agreements proposed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca
Authors: Ruiz Díaz Arce Sergio Daniel
Published: December 2020

O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os acordos argumentativos utilizados pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em suas decisões, para determinar o conteúdo e alcance do exercício progressivo de direitos por parte de crianças e adolescentes. Para isso, foram analisados três casos contenciosos deste tribunal, a partir de um esquema de classificação de premissas, conforme a proposta de Chaïm Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa procura mostrar a importância do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos na construção de premissas argumentativas e também para a garantia dos direitos consagrados nos instrumentos internacionais de direitos humanos.Palavras-chave: Direitos da criança; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos; Argumentação jurídica. ABSTRACTThis article aims to identify the argumentative agreements used by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its decisions, to determine the content and scope of the progressive exercise of rights by children and adolescents. For this, three contentious cases of this court were analyzed, based on a classification scheme of premises, according to the proposal of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. In this sense, this research seeks to show the importance of the Inter-American System of Human Rights in the construction of argumentative premises, in addition to guaranteeing the rights enshrined in international human rights instruments.Keywords: Children’s rights; Inter-American Court of Human Rights; Legal argumentation. Recebido em 31 jan. 2020 | Aceito em 19 jul. 2020
Continuidades e Descontinuidades nos Governos Temer e Bolsonaro na Política Externa Brasileira (2016-2020) | Continuities and Discontinuities in the Governments Temer and Bolsonaro in Brazilian Foreign Policy (2016-2020)
Authors: Oliveira Moreira Danilo Sorato
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar as continuidades e as descontinuidades da Política Externa Brasileira dos governos Temer e Bolsonaro (2016-2020). A metodologia utiliza a discussão de literatura especializada e a análise de conteúdo dos formuladores de Política Externa Brasileira. O artigo argumenta que, nos temas da agenda internacional sobre comércio e Venezuela, os governos mantiveram elementos semelhantes como a prioridade na assinatura de acordos comerciais e o distanciamento progressivo com o venezuelanos. Em assuntos internacionais acerca da China e do conflito árabe-israelense, as administrações mantiveram elementos dessemelhantes como a crítica político-ideológica da parceria com o país asiático e o reposicionamento prioritário a Israel na questão entre israelenses e palestinos por Bolsonaro. Finalmente, defende-se que as tomadas de posição no comércio, na Venezuela, na China e no conflito árabe-israelense não trouxeram benefícios econômico-políticos ao Brasil no último quadriênio.     Palavras-chave: Política Externa Brasileira; Temer; Bolsonaro.ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze the continuities and discontinuities of the Brazilian Foreign Policy of the Temer and Bolsonaro governments (2016-2020). The methodology uses the discussion of specialized literature and a content analysis of the formulators of Brazilian Foreign Policy. The article argues that, on the themes of the international trade and Venezuela agenda, governments maintained similar elements such as the priority in signing trade agreements and the progressive distance with Venezuelans. In international affairs about China and the Arab-Israeli conflict, the administrations maintained elements such as the political-ideological criticism of the partnership with the Asian country and the priority repositioning of Israel on the issue between Israelis and Palestinians by Bolsonaro. Finally, it is argued that the entry of positions in trade, in Venezuela, in China and in the Arab-Israeli conflict did not bring economic-political benefits to Brazil in the last quadrennium.Keywords: Brazilian Foreign Policy; Temer; Bolsonaro.  Recebido em: 06 jun. 2020 | Aceito em: 22 nov. 2020.
Critical Analyses of International Trade Liberalization and Links Between International Trade and Gender | Análise Crítica da Liberalização do Comércio Internacional e as ligações entre comércio internacional e gênero
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia Nasser de
Published: December 2020

Based on a theoretical-exploratory research and focusing on the main arguments of the Trade and Gender Perspectives, this paper explains the different roles of woman in national economies from a critical viewpoint of the liberalization of international trade. It also discusses links between international trade and gender and how women and men are differently impacted by structural and conjuncture circumstances. These differences have defining repercussions to women and gender-differentiated distributional effects in domestic economies and in the global economy in the last four decades, which often reflect in disadvantages for women in the labor market compared with men. Lastly, the paper argues that the so called "feminization" of the workforce, as an important aspect of the globalization process. Countries and economic competition strategies take advantage of structural gender inequalities in countries of the Global South, concentrating investments in low-level tasks and encouraging hiring women in low-paid jobs.Keywords: trade; gender; inequalities. RESUMOCom base em uma pesquisa teórico-exploratória e com foco nos principais argumentos das Perspectivas Comércio e Gênero, este artigo explica os diferentes papeis da mulher nas economias nacionais, tomando um ponto de vista crítico sobre a liberalização do comércio internacional. Ele também discute os vínculos entre comércio internacional e gênero e como mulheres e homens são impactados de maneira diferente pelas circunstâncias estruturais e conjunturais. Essas diferenças têm repercussões definidoras para as mulheres e efeitos distributivos diferenciados por gênero na economia doméstica e global nas últimas quatro décadas, o que geralmente reflete em desvantagens para as mulheres no mercado de trabalho em comparação com os homens. Por fim, o artigo argumenta que a chamada "feminização" da força de trabalho, como um aspecto importante do processo de globalização. Os países e as estratégias de concorrência comercial se aproveitam das desigualdades estruturais entre homens e mulheres nos países do Sul Global, concentrando investimentos em tarefas de baixo nível e incentivando a contratação de mulheres em trabalhos mal remunerados.Palavras-chave: comércio; gênero; desigualdades. Recebido em: 23 jul. 2020 | Aceito em:  17 nov. 2020
“EU SOU MOÇAMBIQUEIRA, EU SOU FILHA DE GUERREIRA”: A TRAJETÓRIA DE SEBASTIANA GERALDA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
Authors: Marcussi Alexandre Almeida , Vertelo Anna Caroline Oliveira Teixeira
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade evidenciar a trajetória de luta de Sebastiana Geralda Ribeiro da Silva, matriarca do Quilombo Carrapatos de Tabatinga, de Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais. Dona Sebastiana, era uma das pessoas que preservava as memórias da comunidade, reconstruindo vivências, afetividades e ancestralidades, ela foi líder da comunidade e por diversas vezes a voz dos quilombolas mineiros, em uma luta que fortaleceria os negros, quilombolas e as mulheres, ela era ouvida e sua voz ecoava, assumindo seu lugar de sujeito na história.
PROTAGONISMO DE MULHERES NEGRAS NO CONTEXTO DE UMA CULTURA FABRIL
Authors: Mello Juçara Da Silva Barbosa
Published: December 2020

O artigo tenciona discutir formas de opressão e discriminação a partir da intersecção  de raça, gênero e classe, entendendo-as como manifestações entrecruzadas e  dissimétricas.  Faz isso a partir da análise de experiências específicas protagonizadas por mulheres negras imersas no universo fabril, com ênfase na memória de uma delas. Por fim, discute sobre possíveis causas do apagamento histórico do lugar específico dessas mulheres, apontando para a relevância social do desvendar dessas trajetórias.
Chronic wounds and novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Azevedo Maria , Lisboa Carmen , Rodrigues Acácio
Published: December 2020

In the past decade, the frequency of chronic wounds in older population has increased, and their impact on quality of life is substantial. Chronic wounds are a public health problem associated with very high economic and psychosocial costs. These wounds result from various pathologies and comorbidities, such arterial and venous insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and continuous skin pressure. Recently, the role of infection and biofilms in the healing of chronic wounds has been the subject of considerable research. This paper presents an overview of various methods and products used to manage chronic wounds and discusses recent advances in wound care. To decide on the best treatment for any wound, it is crucial to holistically assess the patient and the wound. Additionally, multiple strategies could be used to prevent or treat chronic wounds.
The contribution of cognition to the rehabilitation of language and communication deficits
Authors: Mohapatra Bijoyaa
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims

There is growing evidence to suggest that cognitive processes, in particular working memory and executive functions, are related to language functions such as syntactic processing, reading comprehension, narration and conversational discourse. This article offers rehabilitation considerations for speech-language pathologists to include cognitive assessment and treatment in their clinical practice. The information presented will also be useful in promoting multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Methods

A critical review of the literature on the interaction between cognitive processes and linguistic functions in communication disorders was undertaken. Specific key terms including but not limited to executive functioning, working memory, language, assessment, intervention and communication disorders were searched on the Google Scholar database. Relevant literature from the last three decades pertaining to cognitive behavior, assessment and intervention in communication disorders of all age groups and severities is included in the review.

Results

The review presents analyses of the multidimensional and dynamic interaction of language and cognition in children (specific language impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stuttering) and adults (traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia) with communication disorders. The article elaborates on the speech-language pathologist's scope of practice in cognitive assessment and intervention that are consistent with the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.

Conclusions

By documenting cognitive-communication behaviour, speech-language pathologists are able to effectively contribute to the clinical assessment and management of cognitive deficits. However, future research efforts are required to develop clinically reliable tests of cognitive functioning in communication disorders and promote evidence-based cognitive treatment practices.
Are stabilisation exercises different to other treatments in improving physical activity or reducing disability for people with persistent low back pain? A systematic literature review
Authors: Gardiner Sara , Daniell Helena , Smith Benjamin , Chester Rachel
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims

Stabilisation exercises are commonly prescribed for people with persistent low back pain. However, for some patients, it has been hypothesised that stabilisation exercises could draw attention to protecting the core, promote hypervigilance and inhibit volitional movement. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and reported adverse events, in particular fear avoidance, of stabilisation exercises compared with placebo or other treatments offered by physiotherapists on the outcome of disability and activity at 12- and 24-months' follow-up.

Methods

The following electronic databases were searched: Embase, Medline, AMED, CINAHL, from inception to June 2019. Only randomised controlled trails were included. Study selection, data extraction and appraisal of quality criteria using PEDro, were undertaken by two independent assessors.

Results

Seven studies (n=1820) were eligible. Of six studies that reported adverse effects in the group receiving stabilisation exercises, four reported none and two reported mild exacerbation of pain locally or elsewhere. Fear avoidance was not investigated in any of the studies. Across the studies, 12 analyses were reported and included seven different comparator groups and three outcome measures: Oswestry Disability Index (n=1), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (n=5), Patient Specific Functional Scale (n=4). Two studies included a 24-month follow up in addition to a 12-month follow up. Of the 12 studies, nine reported no significant differences between the effectiveness of stabilisation exercises and comparator groups. Stabilisation exercises were more effective than comparator groups for the following three analyses: compared to manual therapy or education at 12 but not 24 months for the Oswestry Disability Index (15.71, 95% confidence interval 19.3–10.01); compared to placebo for the Patient Specific Functional Scale (1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.7–2.2) but not the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; and compared to high load lifting for the Patient Specific Functional Scale (1.8 95% confidence interval 2.8–0.7).

Conclusions

Stabilisation exercises are safe and equally effective to other treatments, and possibly superior for some outcomes at some time points. No or only mild adverse effects were reported. However, none of the studies measured fear avoidance as an outcome and we recommend this be included in future randomised controlled trials measuring the effectiveness of stabilisation exercises.
Paramedic ethics, capacity and the treatment of vulnerable patients
Authors: Moritz Dominique , Ebbs Phillip , Carver Hamish
Published: December 2020

Vulnerable patients are at an increased risk of harm or exploitation in healthcare. Their vulnerability may impede their autonomy, which can then affect their ability to self-advocate. Clinicians have an important role in supporting vulnerable patients and upholding their autonomy. This article explores practical issues of capacity, autonomy and beneficence as they apply to some of the most common vulnerable groups that UK paramedics may encounter: children, older people, those with a mental illness and persons with a disability.
How to Support Social Resilience in Tsunami-Devastated Communities: Iwanuma Case Study
Authors: Cosson Camille
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the post-disaster reconstruction in the Tohoku region after the 2011 earthquake. Nine years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami occurred, and many efforts have been made since to rebuild the devastated territories. Some Japanese architects and urban planners have seen the recovery as a window of opportunity to aim for more resilient cities. Nevertheless, building disaster-resilient communities remains a challenging task. This short paper presents the initiatives made to improve refugees’ social conditions in disaster-relief housing, using the case study of Iwanuma’s relocation project. Concluding remarks suggest that many efforts have been made to improve the social aspect of disaster-relief housing in Japan, for example through the development of community spaces or the pursuit of friendlier dwellings.
Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of Islamophobia
Authors: Karipek Asena
Published: December 2020

When the first Muslims arrived in America in the 16th century, Americans were faced with something that was unknown to them: Islam. At the time, many Americans were afraid that Islam would impose its own values and ideals, thereby threatening their Protestant Christian tradition. For this reason, Islamophobia has been in America as long as Islam has been in America; it is not a new phenomenon. This fear of Islam penetrating a nation built on Protestant Christian values is still present today, but why? There are many causes of Islamophobia, but a popular explanation that every American who watches the news probably knows is jihad. Jihad has come to be perceived as “holy war” in American media and by many Americans. It sounds like a petrifying notion, but it does not carry the definitions and implications that many Americans, especially Islamophobes, claim it does. Jihad is highly misrepresented in America, thereby distorting Americans' understanding of Islam as a religion. Furthermore, the misrepresentation of jihad in American media and by Islamophobes as well as cherry-picked verses in the Qur'an andahādīth(sayings and actions of Muhammad—the founder of Islam) contribute greatly to the construction of Islamophobia. Furthermore, these misrepresentations of jihad are used to define Islam as a whole and spread Islamophobia.
Predictors of Annual and Early Separations Among Direct Support Professionals: National Core Indicators Staff Stability Survey
Authors: Houseworth James , Pettingell Sandra L. , Kramme Julie E. D. , Tichá Renáta , Hewitt Amy S.
Published: December 2020

Direct support professionals (DSPs) provide a broad range of supports in a variety of settings to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) that enables people to live, work, and participate in their communities. Despite the crucial importance in ensuring supports for community participation of people with IDD, high rates of annual turnover among DSPs in organizations that employ them have been documented for decades. This study utilizes National Core Indicators Staff Stability data from 2016 to examine the impact of organizational- and state-level factors related to DSP turnover, including annual DSP turnover and the percentage of DSPs who left their positions after less than 6 months. At the organizational level, a higher turnover rate in the last 12 months was significantly related to lower DSP wages and to not offering health insurance. At the state level, a higher turnover rate in the last 12 months was significantly related to a lower percentage of people living in individualized settings and lower per capita Medicaid spending. For early turnover at the organizational level, a higher percent of leavers within 6 months of tenure was significantly related to not offering paid time off and health insurance, higher vacancy rates, higher proportion of part-time DSPs, and lower overall staff sizes.
Earning a Real Wage: A Statewide Investigation of Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Grossi Teresa , Nord Derek , Andresen John
Published: December 2020

Employment for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has gained increased attention through legislation, policies, advocacy, and practice. For transition-age youth, this focus aims to set a trajectory of increased competitive employment outcomes and a lower reliance on facility-based and subminimum wage jobs. Using a statewide survey of day and employment service users, this study sought to understand how earnings of young adults fared compared to other age groups. Key findings highlighted differences across age groups, including that young adults had significantly better odds of earning higher wages. The implications for public policy and service systems in regard to the supports that young adults need in order to embark on a positive trajectory in their work lives are discussed.
Cross-Systems Care Integration Impact on Adults With Intellectual Disability Utilizing Risk Weight and Comorbidity Data: A Comparative Effectiveness Study, 2014–2017
Authors: Wilson Thomas , Geer Betty , Guerra Nichole , Karber Brystal , Ervin David A.
Published: December 2020

Health disparities are documented between adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and neurotypical peers. As progress has been slow in improving health outcomes in people with IDD, the aim of this retrospective study was to compare effectiveness of a new Cross-Systems Care Integration (CSCI) model of care coordination to standard care coordination for 927 adults with IDD receiving Medicaid services in central Colorado from 2014 through 2017. Health care cost risk weight decreased (not statistically significant) only in individuals receiving the CSCI intervention. Depression diagnoses remained statistically unchanged, while both hypertension and hyperlipidemia significantly improved in patients receiving CSCI. Further study is warranted to extend duration of study and to examine additional study variables such as health-related quality of life.
Surface hardness determination of 3D printed parts using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Jinwei , Kong Linghua , Lian Guofu , You Tongfei
Published: December 2020

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to determine the relationship between the spectral line intensity and surface hardness of 3D printed 18Ni300 maraging steel. Research found that there is a linear relationship between the spectral intensity ratio of ion line to atomic line and the surface hardness of the samples. This linear relationship is closely related to the selected elements and spectral lines. The weak self-absorption spectrum of minor elements can obtain a better linear relationship. We study the effect of the number of laser pulses on the linear relationship. The results show that the ideal results can be obtained by using 100 pulses, which can minimize the damage to the sample.
Optimization of aperiodic 3D optical phased arrays based on multilayer Si3N4/SiO2 platforms
Authors: Wang Pengdi , Kazemian Arash , Zeng Xianghua , Zhuang Yating , Yi Yasha
Published: December 2020

Silicon-based optical phased arrays (OPAs) have been widely explored, while the design of the structure with high sidelobe level reduction, remains a big challenge. This work investigated the optimization of the optical path-modulated 3D OPAs with

S
i

3

N

4

as the core layer and

S
i

O

2

as the cladding layer. We used the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize high-performance random distributed OPAs. Our study provides an effective pathway to optimize the random distributed OPAs within a controllable time frame among a vast number of parameters.
Nonseparable modulation strategy for channeled spatiotemporal Stokes polarimeters
Authors: Li Qiwei , Song Jiawei , Alenin Andrey S. , Scott Tyo J.
Published: December 2020

Spatiotemporally modulated polarimeters have shown promising imaging
performance by leveraging the tradeoff between spatial bandwidth and
temporal bandwidth to outperform polarimeters that use spatial or
temporal modulation alone. However, the existing separable modulation
strategy, in which the spatial carriers are generated independently
from the temporal carriers, makes such devices sensitive to the
systematic errors of the rotation element inevitably. In this paper,
we propose two novel strategies that have spatiotemporal modulation
that is inherently mixed. The method enables different elements of the
Mueller matrix to be used to create the carriers, reducing the effects
of systematic errors in different ways. We present the indepth
comparison of the channel structure and the reconstruction accuracy of
each modulation strategy in various bandwidth scenarios under the
presence of systematic error. Simulation results show that the
nonseparable modulation can provide higher reconstruction accuracy of
polarimetric information as compared to the separable strategy.
Uncertainty assessment of unattended above-water radiometric data collection from research vessels with the Dynamic Above-water Radiance (L) and Irradiance (E) Collector (DALEC)
Authors: Antoine David , Slivkoff Matthew , Klonowski Wojciech , Kovach Charles , Ondrusek Michael
Published: December 2020

We used above- and below-water radiometry measurements collected during a research voyage in the eastern Indian Ocean to assess uncertainties in deriving the remote sensing reflectance, Rrs, from unattended above-water radiometric data collection with the In-Situ Marine Optics Pty. Ltd. (IMO) Dynamic Above-water Radiance (L) and Irradiance (E) Collector (DALEC). To achieve this, the Rrs values derived from using the latest version of this hyperspectral radiometer were compared to values obtained from two in-water profiling radiometer systems of rather general use in the ocean optics research community, i.e., the Biospherical Instruments Inc. Compact Optical Profiling System (C-OPS) and the Seabird HyperPro II. Our results show that unattended, carefully quality-controlled, DALEC measurements provide Rrs for wavelengths < 600 nm that match those derived from the in-water systems with no bias and a dispersion of about 8%, provided that the appropriate technique is used to quantify the contribution of sky light reflection to the measured signal. The dispersion is larger (25-50%) for red bands, which is expected for clear oligotrophic waters as encountered during the voyage, where ∼2 10−5 < Rrs < ∼2 10−4 sr-1. For comparison, the two in-water systems provided Rrs in agreement within 4% for wavelengths < 600 nm.
Design and optical characterization of an efficient polarized organic light emitting diode based on refractive index modulation in the emitting layer
Authors: Qiao Dun , Chen Guojie , Gong Yongkang , Li Kang , Fan Yuanlong , Zhang Bo , Jia Fuqiang , Abubakar Yusuf , Jones Adam , Otung Ifiok , Copner Nigel
Published: December 2020

Luminescent liquid Crystal (LC) material is regarded as the most promising material for polarized organic light emission due to their intrinsic characteristics including orderly alignment and luminescence. Nevertheless, the optical extraction efficiency of LC based organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices still requires significant effort and innovation towards real-world applications. In this paper, we propose the design of a highly linearly polarized light-emission from OLEDs with integrated refractive index nanograting in the emissive layer (EML) based on photo aligned luminescent liquid crystal material. The simulation results indicate that the geometrically optimized polarized device yields an external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 47% with a polarized ratio up to 28 dB at a 550 nm emission wavelength. This conceptual design offers a new opportunity to achieve efficient polarized organic luminescence, and it is (to the best of our knowledge) the first approach that enhances the light extraction of OLEDs based on luminescent liquid crystal via index grating in the EML.
Optimizing image quality for holographic near-eye displays with Michelson Holography
Authors: Choi Suyeon , Kim Jonghyun , Peng Yifan , Wetzstein Gordon
Published: December 2020

We introduce Michelson holography (MH), a holographic display technology that optimizes image quality for emerging holographic near-eye displays. Using two spatial light modulators (SLMs), MH is capable of leveraging destructive interference to optically cancel out undiffracted light corrupting the observed image. We calibrate this system using emerging camera-in-the-loop holography techniques and demonstrate state-of-the-art 2D and multi-plane holographic image quality.
Free-Space Coupled Low False Count Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector
Authors: Mueller Andrew S. , Korzh Boris A. , Runyan Marcus , Wollman Emma E. , Beyer Andrew D. , Allmaras Jason P. , Bumble Bruce , Briggs Ryan M. , Velasco Angel E. , Narvaez Lautaro , Shaw Matthew D.
Published: December 2020

A free-space coupled superconducting nanowire single photon detector with high efficiency and sub-hertz false count rate is demonstrated using stacked short pass filters, a bandpass filter, and optimized cryostat design to block thermal photons.
NV- Center Magnetometry Speed Up by an Order of Magnitude Using Optimal Bayesian Experimental Design
Authors: Dushenko Sergey , Ambal Kapildeb , McMichael Robert D.
Published: December 2020

In magnetometry using quantum defects in diamond (NV- centers), we demonstrate order-of-magnitude speedup with optimal Bayesian experimental design as compared with conventional frequency-swept measurements.
Quantification of nematic cell polarity in three-dimensional tissues
Authors: Scholich André , Syga Simon , Morales-Navarrete Hernán , Segovia-Miranda Fabián , Nonaka Hidenori , Meyer Kirstin , de Back Walter , Brusch Lutz , Kalaidzidis Yannis , Zerial Marino , Jülicher Frank , Friedrich Benjamin M.
Published: December 2020

How epithelial cells coordinate their polarity to form functional tissues is an open question in cell biology. Here, we characterize a unique type of polarity found in liver tissue, nematic cell polarity, which is different from vectorial cell polarity in simple, sheet-like epithelia. We propose a conceptual and algorithmic framework to characterize complex patterns of polarity proteins on the surface of a cell in terms of a multipole expansion. To rigorously quantify previously observed tissue-level patterns of nematic cell polarity (Morales-Navarrete et al., eLife 2019), we introduce the concept of co-orientational order parameters, which generalize the known biaxial order parameters of the theory of liquid crystals. Applying these concepts to three-dimensional reconstructions of single cells from high-resolution imaging data of mouse liver tissue, we show that the axes of nematic cell polarity of hepatocytes exhibit local coordination and are aligned with the biaxially anisotropic sinusoidal network for blood transport. Our study characterizes liver tissue as a biological example of a biaxial liquid crystal. The general methodology developed here could be applied to other tissues and in-vitro organoids.
Exploiting codon usage identifies intensity-specific modifiers of Ras/MAPK signaling in vivo
Authors: Sawyer Jessica K. , Kabiri Zahra , Montague Ruth A. , Allen Scott R. , Stewart Rebeccah , Paramore Sarah V. , Cohen Erez , Zaribafzadeh Hamed , Counter Christopher M. , Fox Donald T.
Published: December 2020

Signal transduction pathways are intricately fine-tuned to accomplish diverse biological processes. An example is the conserved Ras/mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) pathway, which exhibits context-dependent signaling output dynamics and regulation. Here, by altering codon usage as a novel platform to control signaling output, we screened theDrosophilagenome for modifiers specific to either weak or strong Ras-driven eye phenotypes. Our screen enriched for regions of the genome not previously connected with Ras phenotypic modification. We mapped the underlying gene from one modifier to the ribosomal gene RpS21. In multiple contexts, we show that RpS21 preferentially influences weak Ras/MAPK signaling outputs. These data show that codon usage manipulation can identify new, output-specific signaling regulators, and identify RpS21 as anin vivoRas/MAPK phenotypic regulator.
Determinants of rural-urban differences in health care provider visits among women of reproductive age in the United States
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Hirai Ashley H. , Lin Ching-Ching Claire , Snyder John E.
Published: December 2020

Background

Rural health disparities and access gaps may contribute to higher maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Understanding and addressing access barriers for specialty women’s health services is important in mitigating risks for adverse childbirth events. The objective of this study was to investigate rural-urban differences in health care access for women of reproductive age by examining differences in past-year provider visit rates by provider type, and quantifying the contributing factors to these findings.

Methods and findings

Using a nationally-representative sample of reproductive age women (n = 37,026) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2010–2015) linked to the Area Health Resource File, rural-urban differences in past-year office visit rates with health care providers were examined. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis quantified the portion of disparities explained by individual- and county-level sociodemographic and provider supply characteristics. Overall, there were no rural-urban differences in past-year visits with women’s health providers collectively (65.0% vs 62.4%), however differences were observed by provider type. Rural women had lower past-year obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN) visit rates than urban women (23.3% vs. 26.6%), and higher visit rates with family medicine physicians (24.3% vs. 20.9%) and nurse practitioners/physician assistants (NPs/PAs) (24.6% vs. 16.1%). Lower OB-GYN availability in rural versus urban counties (6.1 vs. 13.7 providers/100,000 population) explained most of the rural disadvantage in OB-GYN visit rates (83.8%), and much of the higher family physician (80.9%) and NP/PA (50.1%) visit rates. Other individual- and county-level characteristics had smaller effects on rural-urban differences.

Conclusion

Although there were no overall rural-urban differences in past-year visit rates, the lower OB-GYN availability in rural areas appears to affect the types of health care providers seen by women. Whether rural women are receiving adequate specialized women’s health care services, while seeing a different cadre of providers, warrants further investigation and has particular relevance for women experiencing high-risk pregnancies and deliveries.
Comparison of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers
Authors: Kim Rachel , Nachman Sharon , Fernandes Rafael , Meyers Kristen , Taylor Maria , LeBlanc Debra , Singer Adam J.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Healthcare workers face distinct occupational challenges that affect their personal health, especially during a pandemic. In this study we compare the characteristics and outcomes of Covid-19 patients who are and who are not healthcare workers (HCW).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 2,842 adult patients with known HCW status and a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test presenting to a large academic medical center emergency department (ED) in New York State from March 21 2020 through June 2020. Early in the pandemic we instituted a policy to collect data on patient occupation and exposures to suspected Covid-19. The primary outcome was hospital admission. Secondary outcomes were ICU admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes of Covid-19 adult patients based on whether they were or were not HCW using univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Of 2,842 adult patients (mean age 53+/-19 years, 53% male) 193 (6.8%) were HCWs and 2,649 (93.2%) were not HCWs. Compared with non-HCW, HCWs were younger (43 vs 53 years, P<0.001), more likely female (118/193 [61%] vs 1211/2649 [46%], P<0.001), and more likely to have a known Covid-19 exposure (161/193 [83%] vs 946/2649 [36%], P<0.001), but had fewer comorbidities. On presentation to the ED, HCW also had lower frequencies of tachypnea (12/193 [6%] vs 426/2649 [16%], P<0.01), hypoxemia (15/193 [8%] vs 564/2649 [21%], P<0.01), bilateral opacities on imaging (38/193 [20%] vs 1189/2649 [45%], P<0.001), and lymphocytopenia (6/193 [3%] vs 532/2649 [20%], P<0.01) compared to non-HCWs. Direct discharges home from the ED were more frequent in HCW 154/193 (80%) vs 1275/2649 (48%) p<0.001). Hospital admissions (38/193 [20%] vs 1264/2694 [47%], P<0.001), ICU admissions (7/193 [3%] vs 321/2694 [12%], P<0.001), need for IMV (6/193 [3%] vs 321/2694 [12%], P<0.001) and mortality (2/193 [1%] vs 219/2694 [8%], P<0.01) were lower than among non-HCW. After controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, presenting vital signs and radiographic imaging, HCW were less likely to be admitted (OR 0.6, 95%CI 0.3–0.9) than non HCW.

Conclusions

Compared with non HCW, HCW with Covid-19 were younger, had less severe illness, and were less likely to be admitted.
ACAD10 protein expression and Neurobehavioral assessment of Acad10-deficient mice
Authors: Bloom Kaitlyn , Karunanidhi Anuradha , Tobita Kimimasa , Hoppel Charles , Thiels Edda , Peet Eloise , Wang Yudong , Basu Shrabani , Vockley Jerry
Published: December 2020

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 10 (Acad10)-deficient mice develop impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral insulin resistance, and abnormal weight gain. In addition, they exhibit biochemical features of deficiencies of fatty acid oxidation, such as accumulation of metabolites consistent with abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism and fasting induced rhabdomyolysis. ACAD10 has significant expression in mouse brain, unlike other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) involved in fatty acid oxidation. The presence of ACAD10 in human tissues was determined using immunohistochemical staining. To characterize the effect of ACAD10 deficiency on the brain, micro-MRI and neurobehavioral evaluations were performed. Acad10-deficient mouse behavior was examined using open field testing and DigiGait analysis for changes in general activity as well as indices of gait, respectively. ACAD10 protein was shown to colocalize to mitochondria and peroxisomes in lung, muscle, kidney, and pancreas human tissue. Acad10-deficient mice demonstrated subtle behavioral abnormalities, which included reduced activity and increased time in the arena perimeter in the open field test. Mutant animals exhibited brake and propulsion metrics similar to those of control animals, which indicates normal balance, stability of gait, and the absence of significant motor impairment. The lack of evidence for motor impairment combined with avoidance of the center of an open field arena and reduced vertical and horizontal exploration are consistent with a phenotype characterized by elevated anxiety. These results implicate ACAD10 function in normal mouse behavior, which suggests a novel role for ACAD10 in brain metabolism.