bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHO public health laboratories webinar series – an online platform to disseminate testing recommendations and best practices during health emergencies
Authors: Barnadas Céline , Stevens Lisa , Milhano Natacha , Barbosa de Lima Ana Carolina , Struminger Bruce , Burke Lauren , Cognat Sébastien
Published: January 2025

Laboratories play a central role in managing public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unique challenges on global laboratory systems, including testing protocol uncertainties, supply shortages, rapid need for information dissemination, and disruptions to traditional training methods. In response, the WHO established the Public Health Laboratories (PHL) knowledge sharing webinar series whose goals were to respond to the increased demand in up-to-date and reliable information, which WHO is in a unique position to provide. It also aimed to enhance peer-to-peer exchanges across laboratories. This article outlines the PHL webinar series delivery format and presents how the webinar series was received and perceived by participants and how it evolved to support the response to other health emergencies. Contents of the knowledge sharing sessions, as well as attendance, participants’ satisfaction and application of learning were monitored over time using registration forms, satisfaction polls, an annual survey and focus group discussions. From May 2020 to December 2023, 48 sessions attracted 58,688 registrations from 204 countries and territories. Thirty-five sessions featured presentations of WHO guidance, tools or documents and 39 sessions featured country experience sharing. Initially focused on COVID-19, the series became a tool to rapidly disseminate guidance and best practices during new health emergencies and to address cross-cutting topics relevant to the laboratory workforce. Feedback data shows participants found the webinars very useful (86% respondents), reporting knowledge gains in biosafety, quality management, and laboratory practices. The series facilitated knowledge application, with foreseen changes in workplace procedures and training activities (43% respondents). Barriers such as resource limitations, additional training needs, and connectivity issues were frequently identified. Evidence that this knowledge was subsequently applied by participants, such as through changes in workflow, onwards training events and procedural changes further reinforces the efficacy with which the series was able support the laboratory workforce globally in addressing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and other health emergencies. The series utilized sessions on cross-cutting topics to run routinely and to keep a high level of engagement with laboratory professionals globally. This enabled it to act as an adaptable tool that was leveraged effectively and quickly during health emergencies for just-in-time learning.
Sarcopenia is not associated with hypertension, but sarcopenic obesity increases risk of hypertension: a 7-year cohort study
Authors: Du Runfen , Yuan Junchao , Huang Yunda , Jiang Guihua , Duan Zhiping , Yang Hong , Huang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and hypertension are all widespread public health problems in middle-aged and older populations, and their association is controversial. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with hypertension in a middle-aged and older community population in China through a large-scale longitudinal design.

Methods

In this cohort study with 7 years of follow-up, the study population was drawn from participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 and followed up in 2013, 2015, and 2018. The diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia were based on the consensus recommendations issued by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019. The diagnosis of obesity is based on body mass index and waist circumference. Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. Cox proportional risk regression models were used to analyze the association of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with hypertension.

Results

A total of 7,301 participants with a mean age of 58 ± 8.8 were enrolled in the study, and 51.9% females. A total of 1,957 participants had a new onset of hypertension after 7 years of follow-up. In a multifactorial analysis, obesity and sarcopenic obesity were associated with hypertension; hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.67 (1.43 ~ 1.96), p < 0.001, and 1.61 (1.09 ~ 2.37), p = 0.017. Sarcopenia and hypertension were not significantly associated; the HR and 95% CI were 1.17 (0.9 ~ 1.52), p = 0.23.

Conclusion

There is no significant correlation between sarcopenia and hypertension, but obesity and sarcopenic obesity increase the risk of hypertension. Targeted management of middle-aged and older people with sarcopenic obesity is needed in public health efforts.
Associations between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and disability in activities of daily living: a nationwide longitudinal study among the middle-aged and older adults in China
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Huang Huijie , Lin Zhan , Dong Jingran , Zhang Xiaoyan , Gao Jing , Liu Yin , Li Changping , Cui Zhuang
Published: January 2025

Background

Activities in daily living (ADLs) disability triggered by aging population and chronic diseases in the middle-aged and older adults has become a major public health challenge. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, as a combination of several chronic conditions, has not yet been studied to explore its association with ADLs disability. We examined the association between CKM syndrome and ADLs disability among middle-aged and older adults in China and whether it varied by age and socioeconomic status.

Methods

Participants were from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which conducted four waves of surveys from 2011 to 2018. CKM stage was calculated through disease and physical examination data from CHARLS database. Meanwhile, the degree of disability was assessed through the ADL scale. Generalized linear mixed model was used to perform multivariate analysis to explore the association between CKM syndrome and the risk of ADLs disability.

Results

The proportion of CKM stage 0, 1, 2, and 3 among the 5,898 eligible participants (median age 60 years, 60.27% women) in 2011 were 14.70, 30.23, 41.39, and 13.68%. The risk of ADL disability was increased by 16% (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 1.16 [1.00–1.33]) and 33% (1.33 [1.12–1.58]) in CKM stages 2 and 3 compared with stage 0. In addition, there was a greater risk of BADL disability in 75+ age group compared to other age groups, but no significant association with IADL disability. In the subgroup aged 75+, the risk of BADL disability was increased for CKM stage 2/3 (1.48 [1.01–2.18]/1.67 [1.06–2.64]) compared with stage 0. Only in the lowest quartile of socioeconomic status group CKM stage rise was strongly associated with the risk of disability. The risk of ADL disability was greater for CKM stage 2/3 (1.45 [1.15–1.83]/1.48 [1.11–1.98]) compared to CKM stage 0 in the lowest economic status quartile.

Conclusion

For middle-aged and older adults in China, CKM syndrome is a key risk factor for ADLs disability. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to manage CKM stage at the lowest possible level, especially in older and economically disadvantaged populations.
Constructing a model of the factors related to the job wellbeing of preschool teachers in China: a grounded theory study
Authors: Nong Li-Ying , Liao Chen , Ye Jian-Hong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

As educational management research evolves, leadership styles are increasingly recognized as crucial managerial skills. Among various leadership approaches, empowering leadership has been found to significantly enhance employee job performance and satisfaction. However, there is limited research exploring the relationship between empowering leadership and the job wellbeing of preschool teachers in the educational sector.

Methods

This study examines the relationship between empowering leadership and preschool teachers' job wellbeing using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 preschool teachers and 12 kindergarten leaders in China. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using grounded theory to identify themes and construct a systematic model.

Results

The findings suggest that empowering leadership of kindergarten principals is positively related to preschool teachers' job wellbeing. This relationship is mediated through stress pathways, such as work pressure and burnout, as well as through enhanced organizational support and a positive work environment. Furthermore, empowering leadership influences teachers' personal motivation and work engagement, which in turn impacts their job wellbeing.

Discussion

The study highlights the importance of empowering leadership in improving preschool teachers' wellbeing. By addressing stress factors, enhancing organizational support, and promoting personal motivation, empowering leadership can foster a more supportive and engaging work environment. These findings have practical implications for leadership practices in early childhood education settings.
The health effect of relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals and its nonlinear characteristics: evidence from China
Authors: Jia Wanwen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals and fostering competition in the healthcare market are crucial prerequisites for addressing the diverse healthcare demands of the population and promoting the development of a Healthy China. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the health effect of relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals and to examine its nonlinear characteristics.

Methods

Using panel data from 31 provinces in mainland China, this study employs a fixed effects panel data model to investigate the health effect of relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals. To examine the potential nonlinear relationship, a panel threshold model is also employed. This study also employs a dynamic panel model as the econometric method to perform regression analysis for robustness testing.

Results

The empirical findings indicate that relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals significantly improves the residents’ health level. This conclusion remains robust when different explanatory variables, measurement models and modified samples are applied. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the health benefits of private hospital market entry are more pronounced in Central-Western region, regions with high medical resource endowment, and regions with High-quality competition. Furthermore, the health effect of relaxing entry regulation for private hospitals exhibits nonlinear characteristics: it weakens as economic development level reaches a certain threshold and becomes more pronounced as educational attainment reaches a specific threshold.

Discussion

Based on these empirical results, Chinese provinces can be classified into three distinct types to guide the development of differentiated policies tailored to local conditions. This study provides valuable theoretical insights into promoting a fair competition mechanism in the healthcare market, enhancing the quality of private hospitals, and improving the overall health level of residents in China and other developing countries facing similar challenges.
Moving from monitoring to real-time interventions for air quality: are low-cost sensor networks ready to support urban digital twins?
Authors: Cowell Nicole Hannah , Chapman Lee , Topping David , James Philip , Bell Daniel , Bannan Thomas , Murabito Ettore , Evans James , Birkin Mark
Published: January 2025

Modern cities now have an increasing multitude of Internet-of-Things data streams on urban phenomena, including transport, mobility, and meteorology. One area of development has been the use of low-cost sensors to complement (or in some cases, substitute for) regulatory monitoring of ambient air pollution. As part of a bigger integrated approach to monitoring cities, such as Urban Observatories, disparate live data streams can now readily be collated and disseminated via a platform to facilitate the use of hyperlocal data for real-time decision making whilst supporting longer term sustainable development goals. Urban digital twins are the next logical step on this journey and these are becoming increasingly popular as a tool, at least conceptually, to better interpret this data as well as better understand the consequences of management interventions. To date, there are few examples of true digital twins of environmental challenges with many limited to the ‘digital shadow’ stage of development, characterized by lack of bi-directional feedback between the digital model and physical world. Urban Observatories present an opportunity to change this by providing the often overlooked, but crucial, underpinning foundations of urban digital twins. This paper focuses on the utilization of live stream data and demonstrates that air quality applications can provide a realistic target given the density of observations available, which can routinely be combined with other urban datasets to provide the added value and insights needed for urban air pollution management. However, the availability and standardization of live streams of big data is a major challenge and there are issues with interoperability, metadata management, communicating uncertainty, network longevity, data ownership and transparency. This paper contributes insights concerning how to overcome these challenges and calls for common practice in generating and managing live streams of big data.
Murine-related helminthiasis: a public health concern at solid waste sites around forest- adjacent communities in Thailand
Authors: Maneepairoj Nattapon , Lekcharoen Paisin , Chaisiri Kittipong , Sripiboon Supaphen
Published: January 2025

Murine-related helminthiasis is a frequently overlooked zoonotic disease with significant public health implications. The role of murine rodents in transmitting these infections to other animals remains under-researched. This study aimed to investigate murine-related helminth infections at solid waste sites, particularly in forest-adjacent communities where murine rodent populations are high and multi-host interactions are possible. During a 5-day trapping session, 36 live traps were deployed across different habitats during both wet and dry seasons. Trapped murine rodents and their gastrointestinal (GI) parasites were morphologically evaluated for species identification. The results revealed that a total of 380 murine rodents were captured, with an overall GI helminth infection prevalence of 86.8% (330/380). The adult male murine rodents exhibited higher prevalence, abundance, and species richness of helminths compared to juvenile and female murine rodents. A total of 16 helminth species were identified, with Trichostrongylus morphotype A showing the highest infection prevalence (53.2%). Six zoonotic species were also detected, including Syphacia obvelata (22.4%), Syphacia muris (12.4%), Raillietina spp. (10.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (10.3%), Vampirolepis nana (10%), and Cyclodontostomum purvisi (2.4%). Increased population of murine rodents was observed at the solid waste sites, as indicated by higher trap success (TS) rates. Forest murine rodents exhibited a significant prevalence of helminth infections and high species diversity. These findings suggest that solid waste sites adjacent to forests may pose a heightened risk for disease transmission, warranting further attention.
Integrated omics profiling of individual variations in intestinal damage to the soybean allergen in piglets
Authors: Mi Mengmeng , Zheng Yaqing , Fu Xin , Bao Nan , Pan Li , Qin Guixin , Zhao Yuan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A small number of soybean allergens [including Glycinin (11S) and β-Conglycinin (7S)] in the commercially available corn-soybean meal diet can still cause allergy in some weaned piglets, which may be the result of the interaction of genetic, and nutrition, but the specific mechanism is still unclear.

Methods

In this study, 20 allergic piglets and 20 non-allergic piglets were selected from 92 weaned piglets by skin sensitization tests, which were used to examine the whole sequence genome. The indicators related to humoral and cellular immunity, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analysis were determined by randomly selecting 5 boars in the allergic group and non-allergic group and then performing a validation in vitro.

Results

The sensitization rate of soybean antigen in the corn-soybean meal diet was 21.74% and there was a gender difference with the sensitization rate of female pigs (31.34%) being higher than that of male pigs (13.23%). Moreover, the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α) and antibodies (IgG, IgE, and specific IgG) in allergic piglets were significantly higher than those in non-allergic piglets (P < 0.05). Whole genome re-sequencing analysis revealed specific mutations in the exons and URT5 of TRAPPC2, PIR, CFP, and SOWAHD genes and showed significantly higher expression levels of related genes in the spleen of allergic piglets (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identified IL17REL, CCL19, CD1E, CD1.1, etc. immune differential genes, metabolomics results showed that soybean antigen affected the utilization and metabolism of intestinal nutrients in piglets, mainly the digestion and absorption of protein and the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids. Transfection of CFP/TRAPPC2/CCL19 siRNA could partially alleviate the injury of RAW264.7 cells or IPEC-J2 cells induced by β-Conglycinin.

Conclusion

Therefore, the individual differences in intestinal damage induced by soybean antigen protein in the corn-soybean meal diet are closely related to PIR, CFP, TRAPPC2, SOWAHD, and CCL19 genes. Soybean antigens affect the intestinal nutrient utilization and metabolism of piglets, which provides a scientific reference for the study of soybean antigen sensitization mechanisms, precision nutrition, disease prevention, and control of piglets, and also lays a foundation for human foodborne diseases.
Development and evaluation of optimized PCR and indirect ELISA for the detection of Morganella morganii in dairy cows
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Li Jiayi , Xue Jianfeng , Xu Huiling , Li Muzi , Xia Yibo , Qi Changxi , Zhang Pu , Liu Yongxia , Liu Jianzhu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, whose increasing virulence and antibiotic resistance negatively impact dairy cow health and productivity, raising concerns in livestock health management. To mitigate this risk, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods for detection are essential. Currently, detection methods for M. morganii are underdeveloped, prompting us to develop both pathogenic and serological detection methods, including an optimized PCR technique and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA).

Methods

The optimized PCR method utilized bacterial suspensions directly as templates, bypassing the need for DNA extraction and thereby allowing the direct detection of M. morganii in fecal samples. Primer concentrations and annealing temperatures were optimized to minimize primer dimer formation, ensuring high specificity. Clinical evaluation was conducted using 771 fecal and nasal fluid samples collected from dairy farms in five regions. The I-ELISA method was developed using M. morganii lipoprotein (LPP) antigen. Parameters such as antigen coating, blocking conditions, and antibody dilution were optimized to improve specificity. Stability and reproducibility were validated through intra- and inter-assay tests. A total of 476 serum samples from dairy cows were tested to assess the method’s clinical applicability.

Results

The optimized PCR method demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, achieving a detection threshold of 0.2 CFU/μL. Clinical testing revealed a positivity rate of 1.4% among 771 fecal and nasal fluid samples. The I-ELISA method showed excellent stability and reproducibility, confirmed through intra- and inter-assay consistency. In testing 476 dairy cow serum samples, the positivity rate for M. morganii was 5.9%. These results indicate the utility of I-ELISA as a reliable serological diagnostic tool.

Discussion

The PCR and I-ELISA methods collectively offer practical solutions for the early clinical diagnosis of M. morganii infections in dairy cows. The PCR technique’s efficiency and sensitivity make it ideal for pathogen detection in fecal samples, while the I-ELISA method provides a robust platform for serological analysis. Together, these tools enable timely intervention, contributing to improved livestock health management and mitigating the negative impacts of M. morganii on dairy cow productivity. Future research may focus on further refining these techniques and exploring their applications in broader livestock management contexts.
Recent Contributions to the Development of Barrel End-Mill Machining Technologies for Titanium Alloys in the Aerospace Context
Authors: Pop Alina Bianca , Ravai-Nagy Sandor , Titu Aurel Mihail , Medan Nicolae , Filip Andrei Catalin
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the utilization of barrel end-mills in machining titanium alloys for aerospace applications. It involves a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and a preliminary experimental investigation, incorporating the influence of measurement direction on surface roughness and the behavior of cutting forces. The primary objective is to assess the performance and efficiency of these end-mills when machining challenging materials and to identify optimal cutting strategies. This paper emphasizes the significance of titanium alloys in the aerospace sector, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, and the problems encountered in their processing. It also highlights the advantages of barrel end-mills, such as enhanced accessibility and superior surface finish. Through a combination of literature review, practical experimentation under controlled conditions, and statistical analysis, this study investigates the surface roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, confirming a significant difference between longitudinal and transverse roughness. The preliminary experiment revealed that the average values of longitudinal and transverse roughness were 0.237 µm and 0.263 µm, respectively. The coefficients of variation indicated a greater variation in longitudinal roughness (19.79%) compared to transverse roughness (18.61%). This study’s conclusions provide a solid foundation for future research into machining titanium alloys with barrel end-mills, contributing to the optimization of manufacturing processes and the enhancement of aerospace component performance.
Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS): Nanocarrier-Mediated dsRNA Delivery Improves RNAi Efficiency in the Management of Lettuce Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Spada Maria , Pugliesi Claudio , Fambrini Marco , Palpacelli Diego , Caneo Andrea , Pecchia Susanna
Published: January 2025

The plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea causes significant losses in agricultural production and it is rather difficult to control due to its broad host range and environmental persistence. The management of gray mold disease is still mainly based on the use of chemicals, which could have harmful effects not only due to impacts on the environment and human health, but also because they favor the development of fungicide-resistant strains. In this scenario, the strategy of RNA interference (RNAi) is being widely considered, and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) is gaining interest as a versatile, sustainable, effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemicals in the protection of crops. The SIGS approach was evaluated to control B. cinerea infection on lettuce plants. In vitro-synthesized dsRNA molecules (BcBmp1-, BcBmp3-, and BcPls1-dsRNAs) were used naked, or complexed to small layered double hydroxide (sLDH) clay nanosheets. Therefore, treatments were applied by pressure spraying whole lettuce plants lately inoculated with B. cinerea. All sprayed dsRNAs proved effective in reducing disease symptoms with a notable reduction compared to controls. The effectiveness of SIGS in reducing disease caused by B. cinerea was high overall and increased significantly with the use of sLDH clay nanosheets. The sLDH clay nanosheet–dsRNA complexes showed better plant protection over time compared to the use of naked dsRNA and this was particularly evident at 27 days post-inoculation. RNAi-based biocontrol could be an excellent alternative to chemical fungicides, and several RNAi-based products are expected to be approved soon, although they will face several challenges before reaching the market.
A Review of Vessel Traffic Services Systems Operating in Poland in Terms of Their Compliance with International Legislation
Authors: Durczak Wojciech , Filina-Dawidowicz Ludmiła
Published: January 2025

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) systems are complex systems facilitating decision-making processes and integrating technical infrastructure, aiming to ensure the safety of ship traffic and marine environment protection in indicated water areas. Such services are offered in Poland in selected regions. These systems operate based on guidelines established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and European Parliament; therefore, they should be constantly developed and adjusted to current regulations. The aim of this article is to review and assess the adjustment of VTS systems operating in Poland to current selected regulations introduced by the IMO and European Parliament. A comparative analysis and evaluation of three VTS systems operated in Poland was carried out. In addition, the impact of VTS systems on the development of the trans-European transport network was examined. It was stated that the investigated VTS systems’ current adjustment to analyzed regulations is different depending on the systems’ configuration and possessed infrastructure, parameters of fairways, traffic regulations and other criteria. Based on the achieved research results, recommendations to improve the VTS systems in Poland were proposed. The research outcomes may be interesting for the managers of maritime administrations, ports’ authorities, and other decision-makers responsible for safe navigation and traffic management.
Catalytic Screening for 1,2-Diol Protection: A Saccharose-Derived Hydrothermal Carbon Showcases Enhanced Performance
Authors: Moreno Laura , Pardo-Botello Rosario , Durán-Valle Carlos J. , Adame-Pereira Marta , Cintas Pedro , Chan Larrisa , Cantillo David , Martínez Rafael Fernando
Published: January 2025

A benchmarking study is reported on a series of modified carbocatalysts to efficiently promote the acetalization of 1,2-diols under heterogeneous conditions. Among the catalysts surveyed, a hydrothermal carbon generated from saccharose, a cheap, abundant, and biobased material, showed excellent performance when tested on two representative diols. All catalysts have been thoroughly characterized, focusing on surface acidity and composition. Optimal working parameters such as temperature and catalyst loading could be established. Remarkably, sonication improved the diol protection, which proceeded faster at 25 °C. The catalyst could be easily recycled and reused several times. In addition, the protocol was successfully translated from batch to continuous flow operation using a packed-bed reactor.
Analysis of Environmental Vibrations in Suburban Railways Affected by Adjacent Bidirectional Tunnels
Authors: Li Dong , Li Zhimin , Wang Hongkai , Yin Jili , You Zhoujian , Wang Futong
Published: January 2025

Train-induced environmental vibrations are a common issue in urban rail transit systems, particularly in suburban railways operating at high speeds, where the impact of these vibrations is more pronounced. This presents significant challenges for urban planners and engineers. Existing research has mainly focused on the impact of single tunnel structures on ground vibrations, with limited understanding of the vibration propagation characteristics of adjacent bidirectional tunnels. To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigates the ground vibration attenuation characteristics induced by train operations in the underground sections of suburban railways, with a focus on the amplification effects of adjacent tunnels on ground vibrations. The results show that the vibrations induced by the trains are concentrated in the 20–50 Hz frequency range and exhibit similar characteristics in all directions. The maximum vertical vibration acceleration and peak acceleration occur directly above the train tunnel. Additionally, adjacent tunnels significantly amplify the maximum peak acceleration at measurement points in directions perpendicular to the track, including both horizontal and vertical directions. Furthermore, the soil within the adjacent tunnels also exhibits amplification of the vertical power spectral amplitude in the 40–100 Hz frequency range. The findings of this study provide new insights into the influence of adjacent bidirectional tunnels on environmental vibrations in suburban railway operations. These results are of significant importance for optimizing railway design and vibration mitigation measures.
Health Pods for Automated Triage Improve Efficiency and Satisfaction in Nurses and Patients
Authors: Andreoni Giuseppe , Santangelo Alessandra , Sannicandro Riccardo , Nizardo Chailly Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding and limited staff availability pose ongoing challenges to healthcare efficiency. Recent advancements in automated health technologies, such as the health pod, aim to alleviate these pressures by automating vital sign measurements for low-risk patients. Over three months, the CAPSULA Health Pod was implemented and used in a paired setting with normal triage procedures in an urban hospital ED; it demonstrated improvements in triage efficiency and patient satisfaction, aligning with evidence that supports automation as a solution in high-demand healthcare settings. With 1342 assessments across 404 patients, despite some challenges with elderly patient engagement, CAPSULA achieved excellent measurement accuracy and relevant efficiency for the first assessment of patients in crowded situations and for reassessment. The findings indicate CAPSULA’s potential to reduce patient wait times, improve workflow efficiency, and support resource-limited EDs. Although the main limitation remains IT integration, the system demonstrates scalability and potential for broader adoption.
Near-Field Aeroacoustics of Spanwise Forcing on a Transonic Wing: A DNS Study
Authors: Berizzi Niccolò , Gatti Davide , Soldati Giulio , Pirozzoli Sergio , Quadrio Maurizio
Published: January 2025

The transonic airflow around a supercritical wing with a shock wave is described via direct numerical simulations. Flow control for turbulent drag reduction is applied via streamwise traveling waves of spanwise velocity applied on a finite portion of the suction side. The near-field modifications caused by the forcing are studied via the analysis of the wake profile downstream of the trailing edge. Moreover, for the first time, the effects of spanwise forcing on aeroacoustic noise are considered to establish whether active flow control for drag reduction could possibly increase noise. By extracting the acoustic signals on a circumference placed in the near-field around the wing and by studying them in terms of sound intensity and frequency content, it is found that noise intensity is not significantly increased by spanwise forcing and that frequency content is only minimally altered. Furthermore, if the angle of attack is reduced to take into account the increased lift and the reduced drag made possible by the control action, changes in the noise characteristics become negligible.
Kinematic Alterations with Changes in Putting Distance and Slope Incline in Recreational Golfers
Authors: Robbins Shawn M. , Renaud Philippe , Ugbolue Ukadike Chris
Published: January 2025

Golfers must modify their motor patterns when the demands of a putting task change. The objective was to compare joint angles and putter kinematics during putting at two distances and inclines. Recreational golfers (n = 14) completed putts over four conditions: 3-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces, and 7-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces. A Vicon motion capture system measured kinematic data. Joint angles, putter angles, and spatiotemporal variables were calculated. Analysis of variance compared spatiotemporal variables, and statistical parametric mapping compared angles between putts. There were faster putter head and ball velocities during longer and incline putts. The amplitude and time of backswing increased with longer putts. Longer putts resulted in increased trunk axial rotation during backswing, downswing, and follow-through, while incline putts only resulted in greater rotation during follow-through. There were minimal differences in shoulder angle. There was greater head rotation toward the hole during all putting phases for longer putts and during follow-through for incline putts. The trunk is the primary mechanism to increase putter head amplitude, and thereby velocity, when putting from longer distances. A similar strategy could be used when putting uphill. Additional work should confirm these results in highly skilled golfers.
Seasonal Dynamics of the Bacterial Community in Lake Urmia, a Hypersaline Ecosystem
Authors: Salami Robab , Saidi Abbas , Hejazi Mohammad Amin , Panahi Bahman , Hamid Rasmieh
Published: January 2025

Lake Urmia is one of the world’s most unique and hypersaline aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity, abundance and frequency of these microorganisms in water samples from the eastern regions of the lake over four seasons. Amplicon sequencing for the 16S rRNA gene was performed to examine bacterial communities in the samples. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in water quality parameters and their influence on the microbial communities. Majority and rarity analyses showed that winter and spring had higher core abundance and higher Gini index values, indicating a greater dominance of certain genera, while autumn and summer had a more balanced distribution. Analysis of beta diversity using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index emphasized that bacterial communities diverge most strongly in summer and winter, reflecting the significant changes in the environment with the season. Overall, understanding the seasonal variation in water chemistry and bacterial communities is critical for effective ecosystem management and conservation efforts.
Olfactory Impairment and Recovery in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Following Cadmium Exposure
Authors: Motta Chiara Maria , Carotenuto Rosa , Fogliano Chiara , Rosati Luigi , Denre Pabitra , Panzuto Raffaele , Romano Rossana , Miccoli Gianluca , Simoniello Palma , Avallone Bice
Published: January 2025

Anthropic activities have significantly elevated cadmium levels, making it a significant stressor in aquatic ecosystems. Present in high concentrations across water bodies, cadmium is known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify throughout the food chain. While the toxic effects of cadmium on the organs and tissues of aquatic species are well-documented, little is known about its impact on sensory systems crucial for survival. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of short-term exposure (96 h) to 25 µM cadmium chloride on the olfactory system of adult zebrafish. The research aimed to assess structural and functional changes in the zebrafish’s olfactory lamellae, providing a deeper understanding of how cadmium affects the sense of smell in this aquatic species. After exposure, cyto-anatomical alterations in the lamellae were analysed using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry. They revealed severe lamellar edema, epithelial thickening, and an increased number of apoptotic and crypt cells. Rodlet and goblet cells also increased by 3.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to control lamellae, and collagen density in the lamina propria increased 1.7-fold. Cadmium upregulated metallothioneins and increased the number of PCNA-positive cells. The olfactory function was assessed through a behavioural odour recognition test, followed by a recovery phase in which zebrafish exposed to cadmium were placed in clean water for six days. The exposed fish performed poorly, failing to reach food in five consecutive trials. However, lamellar damage was reduced after the recovery period, and their performance improved, becoming comparable to the control group. These results suggest that cadmium disrupts the sense of smell, and that recovery is possible after short-term exposure. This evidence sheds light on aspects of animal survival that are often overlooked when assessing environmental pollution.
From Waste to Innovation: A Circular Economy Approach for Tissue Engineering by Transforming Human Bone Waste into Novel Collagen Membranes
Authors: Gallego Lorena , Harvey Kimberly , Pevida Marta , García-Consuegra Luis , García-Suárez Olivia , Meana Álvaro , Alvarez-Viejo María , Junquera Luis
Published: January 2025

The aim of the circular economy is to treat waste as a valuable raw material, reintegrating it into the industrial economy and extending the lifecycle of subsequent products. Efforts to reduce the production of hard-to-recycle waste are becoming increasingly important to manufacturers, not only of consumer goods but also of specialized items that are difficult to manufacture, such as medical supplies, which have now become a priority for the European Union. The purpose of the study is to manufacture a novel human-purified type I collagen membrane from bone remnants typically discarded during the processing of cortico-cancellous bones in tissue banks and to evaluate its mechanical properties and effectiveness in regenerating bone-critical mandibular defects in rabbits. To prepare the novel membrane, cortico-cancellous bone chip samples from a local tissue bank were processed to isolate collagen by demineralization under agitation in HCl, cast into a silicone mold, and air-dried at room temperature and UV irradiation. The average thickness of the four batches analyzed by SEM was 37.3 μm. The average value of Young’s modulus and tensile strength obtained from the specimens was 2.56 GPa and 65.43 Mpa, respectively. The membrane’s efficacy was tested by creating a critical bicortical and bilateral osteoperiosteal defect in rabbit mandibles. The right-side defects were covered with the collagen membrane, while the left-side defects were left untreated as a control. Nine weeks post-surgery, clinical, radiological, and histological analyses demonstrated new bone formation in the treated areas, whereas the control sites showed no bone regeneration. This innovative approach not only contributes to sustainability in healthcare by optimizing biological waste but also exemplifies efficient resource use in line with the circular economy, offering a cost-effective, biocompatible option that could benefit national health systems.
Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy: Pathogenesis of Intellectual Disability Beyond Channelopathies
Authors: Medyanik Alexandra D. , Anisimova Polina E. , Kustova Angelina O. , Tarabykin Victor S. , Kondakova Elena V.
Published: January 2025

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of neuropediatric diseases associated with epileptic seizures, severe delay or regression of psychomotor development, and cognitive and behavioral deficits. What sets DEEs apart is their complex interplay of epilepsy and developmental delay, often driven by genetic factors. These two aspects influence one another but can develop independently, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Intellectual disability is severe and complicates potential treatment. Pathogenic variants are found in 30–50% of patients with DEE. Many genes mutated in DEEs encode ion channels, causing current conduction disruptions known as channelopathies. Although channelopathies indeed make up a significant proportion of DEE cases, many other mechanisms have been identified: impaired neurogenesis, metabolic disorders, disruption of dendrite and axon growth, maintenance and synapse formation abnormalities —synaptopathies. Here, we review recent publications on non-channelopathies in DEE with an emphasis on the mechanisms linking epileptiform activity with intellectual disability. We focus on three major mechanisms of intellectual disability in DEE and describe several recently identified genes involved in the pathogenesis of DEE.
The Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Epigallocatechin Gallate Supplementation for the Management of Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Recent Updates
Authors: Yan Ruike , Cao Yanli
Published: January 2025

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the predominant bioactive catechin in green tea, and it has been ascribed a range of beneficial health effects. Current increases in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rates represent a persistent and burdensome threat to global public health. While many clinical studies have demonstrated that EGCG is associated with positive effects on various health parameters, including metabolic biomarkers, waist circumference, and body weight when consumed by individuals affected by obesity and NAFLD, there are also some reports suggesting that it may entail some degree of hepatotoxicity. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the extant clinical findings pertaining to the safety and effectiveness of EGCG in managing obesity and NAFLD, with a particular focus on how treatment duration and dose level affect the bioactivity of this compound.
Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization
Authors: Neto Lucio Assis Araujo , Freire Alessandra Maia , Silva Luciano Paulino
Published: January 2025

Background: Machine learning is used to analyze images by training algorithms on data to recognize patterns and identify objects, with applications in various fields, such as medicine, security, and automation. Meanwhile, histological cross-sections, whether longitudinal or transverse, expose layers of tissues or tissue mimetics, which provide crucial information for microscopic analysis. Objectives: This study aimed to employ the Google platform “Teachable Machine” to apply artificial intelligence (AI) in the interpretation of histological cross-section images of hydrogel filaments. Methods: The production of 3D hydrogel filaments involved different combinations of sodium alginate and gelatin polymers, as well as a cross-linking agent, and subsequent stretching until rupture using an extensometer. Cross-sections of stretched and unstretched filaments were created and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Using the Teachable Machine platform, images were grouped and trained for subsequent prediction. Results: Over six hundred histological cross-section images were obtained and stored in a virtual database. Each hydrogel combination exhibited variations in coloration, and some morphological structures remained consistent. The AI efficiently identified and differentiated images of stretched and unstretched filaments. However, some confusion arose when distinguishing among variations in hydrogel combinations. Conclusions: Therefore, the image prediction tool for biopolymeric hydrogel histological cross-sections using Teachable Machine proved to be an efficient strategy for distinguishing stretched from unstretched filaments.
Psychometric Validation of the Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ-R) in Ecuadorians
Authors: Muñoz-Aucapiña Miriam Jacqueline , Muñoz-Aucapiña Rosa Elvira , García-García Inmaculada , Álvarez-Serrano María Adelaida , Antolí-Jover Ana María , Martínez-García Encarnación
Published: January 2025

Gender-based violence among young people is a pressing global problem, causing injury and disability to women and posing physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health risks. This study aimed to psychometrically validate the Dating Violence Questionnaire—Revised (DVQ-R) in a sample of 340 Ecuadorian university students. The study included 340 male and female students from two universities in Ecuador. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were rigorously assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which revealed a four-factor model as the most parsimonious solution (RMSEA = 0.012). The factors were labelled as follows: ‘emotional neglect and contempt’, ‘physical violence and aggression’, ‘coercion and control’, and ‘emotional manipulation and testing’. The validated scale yielded a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.839, with individual alpha values of 0.872, 0.764, 0.849, and 0.729 for each dimension. Convergent validity was established, as the mean variance extracted per factor exceeded 0.4. Divergent validity was confirmed, as the variance retained by each factor was greater than the variance shared between them (mean variance extracted per factor > ϕ2). These results indicate that the DVQ-R is a valid and reliable instrument to assess dating violence among Spanish-speaking young adults, which supports future research and prevention programmes.
On the Boundary Conditions in Out-of-Plane Analysis of Thin Plates by the Finite Point Method
Authors: Tavakoliyan Sadegh , Najar Mohamad , Memarzadeh Parham , Zirakian Tadeh
Published: January 2025

The finite point method (FPM) is a numerical, mesh-free technique for solving differential equations, particularly in fluid dynamics. While the FPM has been previously applied in solid mechanics to analyze plates under in-plane loading, there remains a notable scarcity of research exploring the out-of-plane analysis of elastic plates using this method. This study thoroughly investigates the elastic FPM analysis of thin plates subjected to transverse loadings, focusing specifically on various boundary conditions (BCs). Boundary conditions represent a significant challenge in the out-of-plane analysis of thin plates within the FPM framework. To address this challenge, the approach incorporates additional nodal points positioned close to each boundary node, supplementing the points distributed throughout the plate’s interior and along its edges. The strong form of the governing equation is employed for the interior points, while the analysis also includes the scenario of a plate resting on boundary columns. Both distributed and concentrated external loads are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavior under different loading conditions. Furthermore, the optimal placement of the extra boundary nodes is briefly discussed, alongside a focus on the number of nodes within the finite point clouds. An appropriate range for this number is proposed, although the determination of the optimal distance for the extra boundary nodes and the ideal number of cloud points is earmarked for future research. The contribution of this work is to enhance the understanding of the FPM in the context of thin plates, particularly concerning the critical influence of boundary conditions.