bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ouverture à l’expérience, engagement et intention de quitter : l’effet modérateur des opportunités de carrière
Authors: Robert Véronique , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente une étude examinant les relations entre l’ouverture à l’expérience, les dimensions de l’engagement organisationnel et l’intention de quitter, et explore le rôle modérateur potentiel des opportunités de carrière et de déve­loppement. L’engagement affectif médiatise un lien négatif entre l’ouverture aux expériences et l’intention de quitter alors que le lien indirect entre l’ouverture aux expériences et l’intention de quitter par l’intermédiaire de l’engagement par sacrifices perçus est plus négatif lorsque les opportunités de carrière sont élevées. Cette étude montre notamment que le rôle de l’ouverture à l’expérience dans l’intention de quitter dépend du contexte dans lequel les employés évoluent.
Life-Threatening Headaches in Children: Clinical Approach and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Dalvi Nagma , Sivaswamy Lalitha
Published: February 2018

Life-threatening headaches in children can present in an apoplectic manner that garners immediate medical attention, or in an insidious, more dangerous form that may go unnoticed for a relatively long period of time. The recognition of certain clinical characteristics that accompany the headache should prompt recognition and referral to an institution equipped with neuroimaging facilities, pediatric neurosurgeons, and neurologists. Thunderclap headaches, which reach a peak within a very short period of time, may be the presenting feature of conditions such as arterial dissection, venous sinus thrombosis, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, which can be addressed by specific pharmacological options instituted in an intensive care setting. On the other hand, subacute to chronic headaches that are accompanied by focal neurological signs, such as abducens nerve palsy, restriction of upward gaze, or papilledema, may be indicative of the need for urgent imaging and neurosurgical referral.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(2):e74–e80.]
Le carrefour thérapeutique : médecine, techniques et pouvoirs dans l’Europe moderne
Authors: Rabier Christelle
Published: February 2018

Les travaux récents en histoire de la médecine construisent un « carrefour thérapeutique » qui renouvelle l’histoire des techniques de l’Europe moderne. S’y croisent des perspectives nouvelles sur la commercialisation et sur l’appropriation de nouveaux ingrédients et de savoir-faire nouveaux dans la materia medica européenne, qui en retour transforment les théories médicales. Le point de vue technique conduit à réexaminer la périodisation, les lieux et les acteurs de la médicalisation.
L’École d’ingénierie scénique de Giulio Parigi (1608-1680)
Authors: Tkaczyk Viktoria
Published: February 2018

Cet article s’intéresse à la toute première « école d’ingénierie scénique », fondée au xviie siècle à Florence par Giulio Parigi, et à la diffusion du savoir qui en résulta parmi les artistes de cour européens. Il montre comment, depuis le xve et le xvie siècles, les ingénieurs scénographes ont transmis leurs connaissances au-delà des seules publications, et retrace l’apparition d’écoles dédiées à l’« ingénierie scénique » et la parution des premiers manuels et collections de dessins de machines. Avec ce changement, l’ingénierie scénique acquit de nouvelles valeurs épistémiques.
La Salle des produits anglais du Conservatoire des arts et métiers ou la technologie oubliée
Authors: Corcy Marie-Sophie , Hilaire-Pérez Liliane
Published: February 2018

Le Musée des arts et métiers (Paris) conserve une quarantaine d’objets provenant de la mission secrète organisée, en 1819, en Angleterre, pour rapporter au Conservatoire des arts et métiers des échantillons de produits manufacturés. Cette collection, présentée au Conservatoire à l’occasion de la cinquième exposition des produits de l’industrie française, a vite été oubliée. Elle renvoie pourtant aux tentatives mises en œuvre, après le traité de 1815, par les personnalités les plus influentes du monde économique, parmi lesquelles le duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1747-1827), pour supporter la rivalité avec l’industrie anglaise.L’étude des « produits anglais » nous autorise ainsi à proposer une autre histoire de l’industrie anglaise et de ses représentations, au prisme de l’économie du produit, fondée sur l’essor des consommations. La collection des produits anglais révèle autant une image de l’Angleterre irréductible à la seule mécanisation que la pluralité de sens donnés à la technique et à la technologie au Conservatoire des arts et métiers. Cette étude montre comment la recherche historique sur les collections constitue une voie majeure pour l’histoire de la technologie.
Le patrimoine historique des télécommunications françaises : de l’« archive » matérielle à la profusion immatérielle
Authors: Atten Michel
Published: February 2018

L’article propose de retracer la constitution, sur un temps long (deux siècles), d’une belle collection d’objets constitutifs des réseaux de télécommunications, contribution majeure au patrimoine national français de ce secteur. Elle est récente car, longtemps, l’idée ou le geste de conserver des objets techniques, des machines ayant permis de communiquer à distance n’a tenu qu’au hasard, à des individualités, voire à des lieux où l’on stocke les matériels obsolètes. Le seul dépôt notable auprès du Conservatoire des arts et métiers est lié à l’invention, non à la volonté de conserver la mémoire des moyens de communication.Au début des années 1970, naît, à l’initiative d’ingénieurs, une démarche de collecte d’objets techniques utilisés dans les télécommunications. Marquant un besoin de mémoire, d’identité en des temps de profonde mutation de l’entreprise, elle s’inscrit également dans un mouvement large d’essor des préoccupations patrimoniales. La professionnalisation de l’équipe, depuis la fin des années 1990, permet l’enrichissement et le traitement des collections, mais elle ne convaincra pas les historiens de considérer les objets techniques comme une ressource, une « archive » permettant d’enrichir l’histoire.
Experimental Investigation of EDM Parameters on Al-LM6/SiC/B4C Hybrid Composites
Authors: Shukla Manish , Agarwal Pankaj , Pradhan Mohan Kumar , Dhakad S.K.
Published: February 2018

In this work, a Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Radial and overcut (ROC), a study on the die-sinking Electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Al-LM6/SiC/B4C hybrid composites has been carried out. The selection of above-mentioned hybrid composite was made considering its widespread application in aerospace, automotive, defense, biomedical and marine industries, due to its light weight and higher mechanical properties. This experiment was made only for the finish stage and has been carried out on the influence of four design factors: composition, discharge current (Ip), Pulse-on-time (Ton), Radial overcut (ROC) and Duty factors (Tau), over the previously mentioned, responded variables. This has been done by means of the method of design of experiment (DOE) which allows us to carry out the above-mentioned analysis performing a relatively small number of experiments. The study indicates that when discharge current (Ip) increases, Material removal rate increased. In the case of Tool wear rate the most influencing factor is discharge current, then pulse on time. In radial over cut most influence factor is discharge current then pulse on time, duty factor and composition has least.
Effect of Cast Geometries on Particle Dispersion in Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Mehta Vishal , Patel Roma , Sutaria Mayur
Published: February 2018

Metal composite materials are not being extensively used because of their complex processing, agglomeration and dispersion of particles in case of discontinuous reinforcement. Significant amount of research work has been carried to understand and improve primary processing of metal composites using liquid processing route. Most of the research revealed the fact that composites were cast either in plate geometry or geometry of crucible. Present work mainly focuses to examine effect of mold cavity geometries on dispersion of particles in solidifying composite slurries. Aluminium alloy composites using silicon carbide (SiC) particles were manufactured using stir casting technique. ‘T’ shape and plus shape geometries were cast in the present work. Critical velocity and solidification front velocity was analyzed to investigate effect of cast geometries on particle dispersion. Microstructural examination revealed that cast geometries have significant effect on dispersion of particles.
Bulk and molecular-level characterization of laboratory-aged biomass burning organic aerosol from oak leaf and heartwood fuels
Authors: Fortenberry Claire F. , Walker Michael J. , Zhang Yaping , Mitroo Dhruv , Brune William H. , Williams Brent J.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The chemical complexity of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) greatly
increases with photochemical aging in the atmosphere, necessitating
controlled laboratory studies to inform field observations. In these
experiments, BBOA from American white oak (Quercus alba) leaf and
heartwood samples was generated in a custom-built emissions and combustion
chamber and photochemically aged in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) flow
reactor. A thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) was used in
parallel with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer
(AMS) to analyze BBOA chemical composition at different levels of
photochemical aging. Individual compounds were identified and integrated to
obtain relative decay rates for key molecules. A recently developed
chromatogram binning positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique was used
to obtain mass spectral profiles for factors in TAG BBOA chromatograms,
improving analysis efficiency and providing a more complete determination of
unresolved complex mixture (UCM) components. Additionally, the recently
characterized TAG decomposition window was used to track molecular fragments
created by the decomposition of thermally labile BBOA during sample
desorption. We demonstrate that although most primary (freshly emitted) BBOA
compounds deplete with photochemical aging, certain components eluting within
the TAG thermal decomposition window are instead enhanced. Specifically, the
increasing trend in the decomposition m∕z 44 signal (CO2+)
indicates formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the PAM reactor.
Sources of m∕z 60 (C2H4O2+), typically attributed to
freshly emitted BBOA in AMS field measurements, were also investigated. From
the TAG chemical speciation and decomposition window data, we observed a
decrease in m∕z 60 with photochemical aging due to the decay of
anhydrosugars (including levoglucosan) and other compounds, as well as an
increase in m∕z 60 due to the formation of thermally labile organic acids
within the PAM reactor, which decompose during TAG sample desorption. When
aging both types of BBOA (leaf and heartwood), the AMS data exhibit a
combination of these two contributing effects, causing limited change to the
overall m∕z 60 signal. Our observations demonstrate the importance of
chemically speciated data in fully understanding bulk aerosol measurements
provided by the AMS in both laboratory and field studies.
Editorial - Plain Packaging Special issue
Authors: Roxon The Honourable Nicola
Published: February 2018

It gives me great pleasure to write a forward on this topic at a time when there is such a groundswell of international support for plain packaging of tobacco products.  World No Tobacco today in 2016 had as its tag line “Get ready for plain packaging” and the world’s health ministers are doing just that.When Australia became the first country in the world to remove all colours and logos on tobacco packs in 2011 – recognising their allure to young new smokers – the tobacco industry tried every move in their book to stop us.  Lobbying, donations, advertising campaigns, threats, dodgy research, front groups, overblown claims and legal action dominated our political debate for two years.  When all these local manoeuvres failed, the industry switched its effort to ensuring we were the only country to take this step.  Writing in November 2016, it is clear that those efforts, both local and international, have manifestly failed.  Country after country – France, the UK, Ireland, Canada, Norway, New Zealand – are implementing plain packaging, passing their laws or consulting with the community before introduction and many more countries will move this way in the coming months and years.Plain packaging of tobacco products is now truly an international movement.  It is an epidemic of the best sort, as countries catch on to its value, purpose and ease of implementation.  We will now see its introduction spread like wildfire around the world.
Teorías de las restricciones y enfoque sistémico aplicadas al análisis de la competitividad de las empresas de clase mundial en Honduras
Authors: Acevedo Amaya Mario Roberto
Published: February 2018

Ante la globalización de las operaciones comerciales, las empresas de clase mundial ancladas en países en vías de desarrollo requieren la inclusión de nuevas teorías y prácticas que le permitan, a partir de técnicas de diagnóstico, la identificación de fallas en sus sistemas para potencializar su capacidad competitiva a nivel local como regional. En este sentido, se plantea como primera instancia, un estudio cualitativo, con una muestra no probabilística de tipo de caso, logrando un entendimiento del fenómeno en el espacio que se lleva a cabo para proponer aristas de estudio en futuras investigaciones cuantitativas sobre el sector. Las empresas analizadas son denominadas de clase mundial del rubro de producción de productos de consumo masivo, con presencia a nivel regional. Dentro de los principales resultados se resalta que ambas teorías demuestran una incidencia a nivel macro en la competitividad de las organizaciones (Leyes, regulaciones y distribución). Otro aspecto a considerar es la necesidad del conocimiento en tiempo real de sus operaciones para tomar los correctivos necesarios derivados de los resultados de la aplicación de la Teoría de la Restricción y el Enfoque sistémico (Aplicación de la inteligencia de negocios (BI)).
Diversificación de las exportaciones como estrategia para el crecimiento económico de Honduras
Authors: Cabrera Rosales José Bayardo
Published: February 2018

La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar la diversificación de las exportaciones como variable determinante del crecimiento económico, así como evaluar si una concentración de las exportaciones de productos hondureños tiene un efecto negativo para el crecimiento de las exportaciones, el documento está dividido en seis secciones; la primera de ellas expone una introducción de la temática abordada dentro de la investigación, la segunda sección contiene el estado del arte así como antecedentes empíricos que aportan conocimiento para abordar el tema, la sección número tres presenta la metodología empleada para el desarrollo de la investigación, la sección cuatro expone los resultados encontrados en el desarrollo de la investigación, y en la sección número cinco se presentan las conclusiones y algunas recomendaciones.
Rumbo de la educación superior en Honduras, 1995-2015
Authors: Flores Fonseca Manuel Antonio
Published: February 2018

Es un panorama de los rumbos de la educación superior en Honduras, específicamente las tendencias y cambios que se han producido en los últimos veinte años, cuando se producen muchas transformaciones, entre ellas se profundiza la participación del sector privado, la feminización de la matriculación y de los graduados, las preferencias de ciertas áreas de estudio que tienen los demandantes por carreras específicas, considerando estos como algunos de los “rumbos de la educación superior”, que responden a factores internos y externos, entre ellos: los cambios demográficos, el mayor acceso de los jóvenes a la educación terciaria, especialmente de mujeres, las tendencias de empleabilidad del mercado laboral y lógicamente de la globalización.
From the Calendas to the Calenda: On the Afro-Iberian Substratum in Black Performance Culture in the Americas
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen
Published: February 2018

This article presents a new theory on the origin of the calenda (also known as calinda, colinda, corlinda, and caringa) by analyzing the term from an Iberian perspective. It claims that the term should not be understood as a type of dance or song, but as a festive period in the Iberian calendar. It explains the calenda with reference to an Afro-Iberian substratum in Black performance culture in the Americas and highlights the role of brotherhoods.
The Road from Paradise: The Kresowianie on the Trail to Rediscover Poland, 1944–1946
Authors: Kwiecień Michał
Published: February 2018

This article examines postwar repatriations of Polish citizens from the Lviv1 region, a territory in southeastern Poland (presently in western Ukraine) incorporated into the Soviet Union during World War II. The war that historians neatly consign to the familiar time brackets of 1939–1945 did not end with Germany’s collapse. The unspeakable confrontation that decimated and uprooted millions of Europeans continued under the guise of postwar forced migrations, repatriations, and population transfers. Indeed, relocation and displacement provided fundamental building blocks in the Polish communist effort of reconstructing Poland. Building a Polish nation-state impelled the new regime to identify and claim Polish inhabitants of the so-called kresy, Poland’s former eastern provinces ceded to the Soviet Union. Migrations of Poles to the territories that Poland acquired from the defeated Nazi state, comprised critical moments in the emergence of new Polish communities in former German lands. These repatriates considered relocation as an opportunity to escape a cherished homeland now under the domination of a foreign and detested power. This article, thus, explores the wider cultural context in which Polish women and children assigned meaning to their traumatic experiences. The meanings that these eastern Poles (kresowianie) attached to the conditions at embarkation points and on dirt and pathogen-infested transports are crucial to understanding how the experience of repatriation reshaped postwar Polish identities. Indeed, this study addresses pivotal questions for the understanding of post-1945 Eastern Europe: what was the role of mass population movements in the reconstruction of war-torn societies? How did displaced people start new lives in adverse and unpredictable circumstances? Most importantly, how did the new communist authorities and migrants from the kresy renegotiate the meaning of resettlement and the postwar national community in general?
Forgotten Childhood
Authors: Batorska Danuta
Published: February 2018

The idyllic early years of the author’s childhood were shattered by World War II. The proximity of Nadleśnictwo Nikor residence to the Belarussian village endangered her family’s lives until their deportation to the Soviet Union in February 1940. Once in the Ural region they inexplicably managed to survive, as well as later in Kazakhstan. Their miraculous arrival in Persia in 1942 was followed by the hazardous crossing of the Pacific Ocean in 1943 on their journey to Mexico. Finally, in 1951 the author entered the United States as a refugee, became a citizen and made her home in the United States.
Experimenting with Comics Making as Inquiry
Authors: Flowers Ebony
Published: February 2018

I illustrate my comics making approach for the extension of multimodal analysis (MMA) in ethnographic education research. Comics making impacted how I designed my study, generated multimodal data, conducted analysis, and share work to broader academic audiences. I present two examples drawn from my ethnography of an image-based lab’s graduate course to show how comics making (1) foregrounded corporeal responsiveness over time; (2) unified the visual and textual with body-sensory perception; (3) emphasized movement, affect, and empathy; and (4) enabled the use of multimodal data generated by research participants and myself. I also provide resources for scholars who are interested in making comics for their research.
The Polyptych Methodology and New Histories in Art Education: Charting a Legacy of Stories From Central Technical School, 1896–2014
Authors: Garnet Dustin
Published: February 2018

The art education program at Central Technical School (CTS) in Toronto, Canada, is so vast in terms of longevity and curriculum that it will never be documented in its totality. My research on this institution of applied and fine art does not provide a definitive story of the past, but a reflexive history self consciously produced: selected, ordered, and interpreted to make sense of the oral histories, archival sources, and material culture of students and teachers viewed through a postmodern lens. In the following invited article, I have not attempted to summarize my qualitative dissertation; instead, I peel back the layers of stories that form my program of research to focus in on the theoretical and methodological foundations supporting my new history of art education.
Dever fundamental de cooperação em processos administrativos da autoridade marítima: possibilidade de aplicação subsidiária do CPC no que tange à má-fé
Authors: Guedes João Bernardo Antunes de Azevedo , Fabriz Daury Cesar
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo propõe analisar a necessidade de atuação conforme a boa-fé objetiva e a observância de um dever fundamental de cooperação, condutas constantes dos artigos 5o e 6o do Código de Processo Civil (CPC) pelo administrado. A base normativa para tal fim é o artigo 15 do mesmo diploma, uma vez que a Lei n.º 9.537/97, que dispõe sobre a Segurança do Tráfego Aquaviário (LESTA); o Decreto n.º 2.598 de 1998 (RLESTA) que o regulamenta; a NORMAM 07 (norma infra-legal da autoridade marítima) são silentes quanto a este aspecto, possibilitando que o CPC seja subsidiariamente aplicado. A análise versará sobre os processos nos quais a administração se vê diante de uma quebra desse dever fundamental pelo excesso no direito de defesa (petição) exercido pela parte. Nesses casos, não há contestação quanto à imputabilidade de autoria e materialidade - implicitamente a parte acaba por admitir o cometimento da infração – e apenas constam das peças e recursos, argumentos inócuos, sem técnica e nitidamente protelatórios. Este fenômeno revela-se como uma prática astuciosa e caminha em sentido diametralmente oposto ao que se entende por boa-fé objetiva. Há uma dilação estendida no trâmite nesses processos que compromete o bom andamento e a eficiência da máquina pública. Quebra-se aqui, ainda, o dever de solidariedade, já que haverá reflexos em outros cidadãos que deixam de ter suas causas julgadas em tempo hábil, e assim uma garantia a um direito fundamental à duração razoável do processo começa a se esvair. Dessa forma, constatando-se um excesso no direito de petição que seja marcado por uma das condutas de má-fé elencadas no artigo 80 do CPC nos autos do processo administrativo, pode a autoridade marítima aplicar uma sanção a este título ao administrado. Assim, existirá o dever de reparação a título de perdas e danos, fato este que pode auxiliar a por a fim ou ao menos inibir essa prática protelatória que compromete a boa administração do Estado.
Democracia e conflitos de ódio: busca pela convivência pacífica através da mediação comunitária
Authors: Carcará Thiago Anastácio , Maia Clarissa Fonseca , Maia Clarissa Fonseca
Published: February 2018

O trabalho pretende analisar a democracia e os conflitos de ódio, verificando a possibilidade de convivência através da mediação comunitária. Utilizando o método de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisa-se a democracia como princípio e como estrutura política, na vertente da liberdade de expressão, através do pensamento de Berlin (1981), galgando a liberdade positiva como necessária no exercício da cidadania, bem como no liberalismo e no Estado Social, não apenas tendo o Estado a função de garantidor dos direitos fundamentais, mas como incentivador da cidadania ativa, disseminando o poder da autotutela de forma ampla e uniforme. Verifica-se ainda o discurso do ódio como manifestação do pensamento que contamina a democracia e deve ser trabalhado de forma que se possa encontrar, no espaço público de ideias, ambiente de tolerância e de conhecimento da verdade. Alçando a Mediação, como instrumento a resolução de conflitos, verifica-se a Mediação Comunitária como meio ideal a empoderar o cidadão e possibilitar a conscientização moral e jurídica de forma comunitária, alcançando os indivíduos membros de uma região ou comunidade que necessidade elidir seus conflitos e possam autogovernar-se no que concerne a solução de seus conflitos de ódio, sendo o Estado um garantidor e incentivador da proatividade e cidadania ativa.
O princípio da boa-fé objetiva como densificador da dignidade humana nas relações negociais
Authors: Lêdo Ana Paula Ruiz Silveira , Marquesi Roberto Wagner
Published: February 2018

Os percursos pelos quais a sociedade se desenvolve determinam os rumos que as ciências jurídicas deverão tomar por norte. A dignidade da pessoa humana foi elevada como fundamento da República e, ocupando tão alto patamar, impactou todas as relações sociais. Ordenou ela o ajuste dos preceitos e institutos do ordenamento jurídico a esse novo arquétipo e cristalizou como elemento central da ordem jurídica brasileira a pessoa humana. As relações negociais, reguladas originalmente pelo Código Civil, também devem adequar-se aos mandamentos irradiados da Constituição. Neste sentido, a presente investigação tem como objetivo a demonstração da boa-fé objetiva como instrumento densificador da dignidade humana nas relações negociais. A fim de alcançar tal escopo, primeiramente, examina o princípio constitucional, especialmente com o intuito de especificar seus elementos mínimos essenciais, catalogando-os em valor intrínseco, igualdade, liberdade e solidariedade. O estudo do princípio negocial da boa-fé objetiva também impende necessária abordagem, é o que se realiza em seguida, esmiuçando suas características elementares e sua atuação na prática negocial por meio de suas funções de interpretação, de limitação ao exercício abusivo dos direitos subjetivos e de criação dos deveres de conduta de proteção, lealdade e esclarecimento. Demonstra, em última análise, a boa-fé objetiva concretizando, por meio de suas funções, cada um dos elementos da dignidade da pessoa humana nas relações negociais.
O mandado de injunção para garantir o direito fundamental à intangibilidade salarial do servidor público
Authors: Siqueira Carolina Bastos , Bussinger Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: February 2018

Analisou-se a utilização do mandado de injunção para compelir o Poder Executivo e o Poder Legislativo a produzir a legislação obrigatória para concessão da revisão anual dos subsídios dos servidores públicos. Analisou-se a importância dos salários e de sua condição de direito fundamental do trabalhador. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o papel dos sindicatos na garantia dos direitos das categorias. Verificou-se também o papel essencial do Judiciário como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais e sua operacionalização através de ações como o Mandado de Injunção.
THE EXAMPLE OF AN INEFFECTIVE CHANGE IN THE COMPANY IN TERMS OF THE HISTORY OF CAR COMMUNICATION ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY
Authors: Budzik Tomasz
Published: February 2018

Today’s world can be characterized by very high volatility, which affects every sphere of business. Changes occur in both the enterprise and its environment. Changes that can be observed in the company’s environment are characterized by increased pace of production and they have impact on undisturbed operation of the company. Changes in the organization should be the intended and planned. The article presents the essence of change in the company and its surroundings. By using the metod of document examination, the author shows in details the history of Car Transport Enterprises, since their inception in the postwar years, is shown in details, through the influence of the political changes in Poland in the 1990s, up to the present.
THE PRINCIPLES FOR NEGOTIATING WITHIN CRISIS SITUATIONS
Authors: Kozina Andrzej
Published: February 2018

Negotiation processes may be conducted within the so called crisis situations, limiting or even eliminating the possibility of searching for the solutions of issues being considered. The objective of the paper is to systematize the principle for counteracting those situations. At first the idea of such situations is clarified as well as their kinds are distinguished, i.e. impasse, stalemate, and deadlock. They determine the scope of author’s consideration. In the frame of the essential part of the paper rules for negotiating within such situations are presented, in the three subsequent sections. The paper is of theoretical and methodological character and is based on the selected works from the literature on negotiations and author’s own experience.
THE ROLE OF INSURANCE IN ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Wierzbicka Ewa
Published: February 2018

In the last several years, both in the economic practice of the OECD countries and in the development of theoretical thinking, there has been a significant breakthrough in the approach to corporate insurance. Insurance in business management is no longer considered only as a category of finance and accounting for an enterprises , which results from the traditional understanding of this issue. Today’s approach is insufficient to define the role of business risk management. In the traditional approach to insurance, its importance is focused on the recording and analysis of the cost of risk transfer. As a consequence, in practise, many companies and institutions implement the short-term approach to managing the cost of insurance and analyzing the degree of risk coverage, primarily property, relative insurance, relative to the cost of insurance cover.The purpose of this article is to explain how insurance contributes to increasing business security and business turnover, especially in the context of cyberbullying. It is therefore hypothesized that in the turbulent environmental variability and under pressure of changes resulting from technological synergies, the importance of insurance in risk management, especially regulatory risk and technological risk, is growing.
NETWORK MANUFACTURING SYSTEM IN THE CONDITION OF SECTOR COOPETITION
Authors: Czajka Kamil
Published: February 2018

This paper focuses on the problem of distributed resources network organization under condition of sector coopetition. The aim of this paper is to show that sector coopetition can be seen as a special case of industrial network. Value creation in the network requires the coordination of distributed resources by structuring. It is proposed that the structure of network manufacturing system is an adequate form of order distributed resources network.
La culture de la mort chez les jeunes djihadistes de l’État islamique
Authors: Jeffrey Denis
Published: February 2018

Plusieurs regards sont nécessaires pour cerner un phénomène aussi complexe que la culture de la mort chez les jeunes djihadistes de l’État islamique. Ces derniers arrivent à sublimer la peur de mourir. Ils acceptent les entreprises kamikazes au nom de leurs idéaux. Dans ce texte, nous proposons un portrait de ces jeunes que nous comparons à d’autres groupes de jeunes occidentaux. Dans les faits, les jeunes djihadistes se distinguent par des rapports contrastés à l’autorité, à leurs identités sociales, à leur corps et à la mort. Avant de présenter notre analyse, nous dressons un bref portrait du groupe armé État islamique et de ses idéaux.
Les luttes de clocher en droit comparé
Authors: Resta Giorgio
Published: February 2018

Depuis la genèse du « comparatisme », attitude caractéristique du XIXe siècle, plusieurs disciplines scientifiques ont affirmées leur identité « comparative ». Toutefois, dans la plupart de ces disciplines la comparaison a été comprise et appliquée selon plusieurs variantes. Les différentes manières de comparer prennent alors la forme de « méthodes », chose qui génère inévitablement la controverse, en donnant lieu parfois à des « luttes de clocher ». Le cas du droit comparé est particulièrement intéressant. Depuis son apparition, cette discipline n’a jamais suivi une seule méthode, et cela, pour la simple raison qu’il n’a jamais eu un seul projet intellectuel sous-jacent et a servi plusieurs « clients ». En bref, il n’y a jamais eu de droit comparé, mais seulement plusieurs comparatismes. Ce texte propose un petit exercice d’« archéologie » de la comparaison juridique, en suivant quelques traces laissées par le passé, qui conditionnent toujours notre compréhension et notre exercice de la discipline. La prémisse de départ est que, si l’on veut réfléchir aux défis contemporains, il faudrait commencer par « historiciser » attentivement l’entreprise du droit comparé et les « combats pour la méthode » qui l’ont caractérisée, de façon à mieux comprendre ses transformations à travers le temps, ses réalisations et ses limites inhérentes.
El problema de la autonomía del teatro
Authors: Pradier Sebastián Adrián
Published: February 2018

El propósito del presente artículo consiste en analizar los orígenes históricos y la proyección contemporánea de la autonomía del teatro, definida como la capacidad del mismo para crear su propio marco de legalidad creativa. Se parte, para ello, de una controversia suscitada en las redes sociales a partir de un artículo periodístico en el que se atacaba esa autonomía, para pasar, a continuación, a la presentación de los dos modelos antagónicos de aproximación al teatro desde la perspectiva que guardan entre sí lo escénico y lo literario. Una vez delimitados ambos modelos, que, al cabo, resultan posiciones bien definidas y enfrentadas, se pasa a analizar uno de los conceptos más importantes en el camino de la autonomía, el concepto de reteatralización, en sus orígenes alemanes y en el contexto español, para pasar, por fin, a las conclusiones, donde se expone un caso práctico de práctica escénica contemporánea, sólo comprensible a la luz de ese concepto de autonomía del teatro.
¿Qué hubiera pensado Wagner?
Authors: Notario Ruiz Antonio
Published: February 2018

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A new Python library to analyse skeleton images confirms malaria parasite remodelling of the red blood cell membrane skeleton
Authors: Nunez-Iglesias Juan , Blanch Adam J. , Looker Oliver , Dixon Matthew W. , Tilley Leann
Published: February 2018

We present Skan (Skeleton analysis), a Python library for the analysis of the skeleton structures of objects. It was inspired by the “analyse skeletons” plugin for the Fiji image analysis software, but its extensive Application Programming Interface (API) allows users to examine and manipulate any intermediate data structures produced during the analysis. Further, its use of common Python data structures such as SciPy sparse matrices and pandas data frames opens the results to analysis within the extensive ecosystem of scientific libraries available in Python. We demonstrate the validity of Skan’s measurements by comparing its output to the established Analyze Skeletons Fiji plugin, and, with a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based method, we confirm that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum remodels the host red blood cell cytoskeleton, increasing the average distance between spectrin-actin junctions.
Theory for Deducing Volcanic Activity From Size Distributions in Plinian Pyroclastic Fall Deposits
Authors: Iriyama Yu , Toramaru Atsushi , Yamamoto Tetsuo
Published: February 2018

Stratigraphic variation in the grain size distribution (GSD) of plinian pyroclastic fall deposits reflects volcanic activity. To extract information on volcanic activity from the analyses of deposits, we propose a one‐dimensional theory that provides a formula connecting the sediment GSD to the source GSD. As the simplest case, we develop a constant‐source model (CS model), in which the source GSD and the source height are constant during the duration of release of particles. We assume power laws of particle radii for the terminal fall velocity and the source GSD. The CS model can describe an overall (i.e., entire vertically variable) feature of the GSD structure of the sediment. It is shown that the GSD structure is characterized by three parameters, that is, the duration of supply of particles to the source scaled by the fall time of the largest particle, ts/tM, and the power indices of the terminal fall velocity p and of the source GSD q. We apply the CS model to samples of the Worzel D ash layer and compare the sediment GSD structure calculated by using the CS model to the observed structure. The results show that the CS model reproduces the overall structure of the observed GSD. We estimate the duration of the eruption and the q value of the source GSD. Furthermore, a careful comparison of the observed and calculated GSDs reveals new interpretation of the original sediment GSD structure of the Worzel D ash layer.
Low‐Frequency Oceanographic Variability Near Flemish Cap and Sackville Spur
Authors: Layton Chantelle , Greenan Blair J. W. , Hebert Dave , Kelley Dan E.
Published: February 2018

To address a need for science‐based advice on issues of resource exploration, two oceanographic moorings were placed on the abyssal slope of northwest Flemish Cap from July 2013 to July 2014. These yielded some of the first long‐term moored measurements of velocity, temperature, and salinity in the region. Hydrographic and lowered‐ADCP measurements made during mooring deployment and recovery reveal that the deep Labrador Current flows approximately along isobaths between water depths of 1,200 and 2,200 m. However, these snapshots differ significantly, with stronger currents observed during the deployment survey. The mooring data, obtained near the 1,500 m isobath, reveal a complex temporal variation of the current. The velocity spectrum is dominated by a peak at a period of approximately 21 days, with power increasing with depth in the water column and varying through the year. In other boundary‐current studies, variations in the several‐week band have been attributed to baroclinic topographic Rossby waves, but with just two widely spaced moorings, we cannot infer the wave number and test for such waves using the dispersion relationship. However, an indirect estimate of wave number can be made by examining the variation of spectral power with depth, and doing this yields results that are reasonably consistent with a linear theory of baroclinic topographic Rossby waves for water of constant stratification over a planar slope. This agreement is somewhat surprising, given the simplicity of the theory and the complexity of the domain, but it appears to offer a clear indication of the importance of baroclinic vorticity dynamics in this region.
Seasonal Atmospheric Argon Variability Measured in the Equatorial Region of Mars by the Mars Exploration Rover Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometers: Evidence for an Annual Argon‐Enriched Front
Authors: VanBommel S. J. , Gellert R. , Clark B. C. , Ming D. W.
Published: February 2018

The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity (MER‐B) has been exploring the surface of Mars since landing in 2004. Its Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) is primarily used to interrogate the chemical composition of rocks and soil samples in situ. Additionally, the APXS has measured the atmosphere of Mars with a regular cadence, monitoring the change in relative atmospheric argon density. Atmospheric measurements with the MER‐B APXS span over six Mars years providing an unprecedented level of statistics for careful study of the ubiquitous APXS spectral background. Several models were applied to high‐frequency long‐duration Spirit rover atmospheric APXS measurements. The most stable model with the least uncertainty was applied to the MER‐B data set. Seasonal variation of 10–15% in equatorial atmospheric argon density was observed ‐ in agreement with existing literature and global climate models. Unseen in previous work and global climate models, an abrupt deviation from the model‐predicted annual mixing ratio was measured by the MER‐B APXS around Ls 150. The sharp change, ~10% over 10° Ls, provides strong evidence for a northward migrating front, enriched in argon, sourced from the south pole at the end of southern winter. A similar weaker front is possibly observed around Ls 325, sourced from the northern polar region.
Obesity‐associated glomerular inflammation increases albuminuria without renal histological changes
Authors: Mima Akira , Yasuzawa Toshinori , King George L. , Ueshima Shigeru
Published: February 2018

Obesity is one of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the precise mechanism involved is unclear. This study characterizes the effect of obesity‐induced glomerular inflammation, oxidative stress, and albuminuria in obese rats. Glomerular samples were collected from fatty (ZF) and lean (ZL) Zucker rats. After 2 months of feeding, body weight and albuminuria were significantly increased in ZF rats when compared to ZL rats. Expression of the inflammatory markers TNF‐α and CCR2 was significantly increased in the glomeruli of ZF rats. However, expression of IL‐6 mRNA was not increased. Analysis of renal pathology showed no glomerular expansion. As inflammatory and oxidative stress markers are associated with NF‐κB, we evaluated whether NF‐κB activation was increased in the glomeruli of mice on a high‐fat diet. Immunohistochemistry showed increased NF‐κB activation in the glomeruli when transgenic mice overexpressing an NF‐κB‐dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein were fed with a high‐fat diet. These results suggest that obesity of only 2 months duration can cause albuminuria, due to increased inflammation or oxidative stress, but may not be long enough to develop renal pathological changes.
1‐Chloro‐2,3‐epoxypropane (Epichlorohydrin) [BAT Value Documentation, 2017]
Authors: Göen T. , Bader M. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated EKA (exposure equivalents for carcinogenic substances) for epichlorohydrin (CAS‐No
106‐89‐8
) in 2017. Available publications are described in detail.

In rodents, epichlorohydrin induces malignant lymphomas, hyperplasias, forestomach papillomas and carcinomas, subcutaneous fibromas and lung and pituitary tumours. Epichlorohydrin was classified in category 2 for carcinogenic substances. The substance can easily pass through the skin, so biological monitoring is indicated for a valid individual risk assessment.

In several biomonitoring studies the mercapturic acids derivatives N‐acetyl‐S‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐L‐cysteine (CHPMA) and N‐acetyl‐S‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)‐L‐cysteine (DHPMA) in urine as well as the hemoglobin adducts N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)valine and N‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)valine are suggested as biomarkers after epichlorohydrin exposure. Validated analytical procedures for their quantification are available. Data of a correlation of epichlorohydrin in the air and the CHPMA‐excretion in urine were considered for the evaluation of exposure equivalents for carcinogenic substances. Sampling time is at the end of exposure or end of shift and after long term exposure at the end of the shift after several shifts.
Chlorthalonil [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated chlorothalonil [1897‐45‐6], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.

In several carcinogenicity studies, orally applied chlorothalonil causes kidney toxicity in mice and rats and kidney tubular carcinomas only in F344 rats, but not in Osborne‐Mendel or Sprague Dawley rats. The reason for this strain difference is unknown. In cells of the kidney proximal tubuli thiols are formed which inhibit mitochondrial breathing. This results in cytotoxicity and necrosis followed by cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and tumours. The thiols are generated via β‐lyase which is more active in rats than in humans. As the mechanism of the formation of kidney tumours is evaluated as non‐genotoxic and no carcinomas occurred in Osborne‐Mendel or Sprague Dawley rats at doses higher than those used in F344 rats, chlorothalonil is no longer classified in Category 3 B for carcinogens.

Chlorothalonil is irritating to nose, eyes and throat of workers at about 0.3 to 1.2 mg/m3and corrosive to the eye of rabbits. A NOAEC after repeated inhalation in humans or animals is not known, therefore no maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) can be derived and chlorothalonil is assigned to Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT Values.

Chlorothalonil shows a skin sensitizing potential in humans and animals and labelling with “Sh” (for substances which cause sensitization of the skin), but not with “Sa” (for substances which cause sensitization of the airways) is retained.

Dermal absorption of chlorothalonil is low and does not contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
Glycerintrinitrat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) and the Pregnancy Risk Group of nitroglycerin [55‐63‐0].

The critical effect in volunteers after a 25‐minute exposure to 0.05 ml/m3of a mixture of ethylene glycol dinitrate and nitroglycerin was vasodilation, as indicated by the development of headaches or decreases in blood pressure. In workers, headaches were reported at nitroglycerin concentrations of 0.03 to 0.11 ml/m3with a NOAEC below 0.01 ml/m3nitroglycerin. Based on this data, the MAK value for nitroglycerin was established at 0.01 ml/m3. As the MAK value is derived from experiences in workers, the increased respiratory volume at the work place is considered.

The MAK value also applies to the sum of the concentrations of the three nitrate esters nitroglycerin, ethylene glycol dinitrate and propylene glycol dinitrate in the air. As systemic effects are critical, the assignment to Peak Limitation Category II and the excursion factor of 1, due to the short half‐life, are retained.

In rats, the NOAEL for developmental toxicity after oral application is 86 mg/kg body weight and day. After toxicokinetic scaling this dose corresponds to a concentration of 16 ml/m3at the work place. The difference of this concentration to the MAK value is sufficient, therefore, nitroglycerin remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C.

Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and nitroglycerin continues to be designated with an “H”. Sensitization is not expected from the limited data.