bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Toda to FPUT and Beyond
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G.
Published: November 2024

Finally, in this chapter, we examine one of the arguably most famous integrable models in the form of the Toda lattice, along with its conservation laws and solitonic solutions. Then, coming in a sense full circle back to where we started, we reconnect the relevant systems to the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) class of models and take the opportunity to explore some of their corresponding features. More concretely, we examine the traveling wave coherent structures in a general form of such systems, but also give a concrete example of their experimental realization in the realm of the so-called granular crystals. We close with a more “forward-looking” direction giving a brief introduction into the far less studied shock wave patterns in discrete media and some pointers about future possibilities in this vein.
Costs
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

The extent of litigation cost has been a continuing problem for English and Welsh civil procedure since the Middle Ages. It has been the cause of procedural reform at least once a decade since the 1820s. This Part sets out an approach to litigation cost that builds on the approach reached by the CPR following the introduction of expanded fixed recoverable costs. It rejects cost budgeting as a cost-effective and efficient means of controlling litigation cost, but provides for the general promotion of prospective costs control and for generally applicable fixed (tariff) costs, with the possibility of proportionate costs for those cases to which tariff costs do not apply. It also provides for oversight and regulation of litigation costs by a Costs and Funding Council, which provides a key link between these two key features of dispute resolution and provides for the regular revision of tariff and proportionate costs.
Funding
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Civil procedure codes do not ordinarily make provision for litigation funding. This Part, which should be read with Part 3 on Costs, details a potential litigation funding regime, the aim of which is to ensure universal provision of necessary litigation funding. The funding regime should be co-ordinated with the promotion of preventive and consensual dispute resolution and not simply with access to court adjudication. It should also promote a variety of different means through which funding can be secured. The primary route to funding is the promotion of mandatory legal expenses insurance, consequent on the introduction of tariff costs in Part 3, as the generally applicable form of litigation funding for individuals. Funding premiums are to be paid by the State for those individuals who are in receipt of welfare benefits. Legal aid becomes a residuary form of funding. Other private forms of funding it promotes are a general form of contingent fee agreement, which replaces CFAs and DBAs, and third-party litigation funding.
Amendment
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Case statements may require amendment during the course of litigation. They may contain errors. They may need revision in the light of new information or evidence. They may also require amendment following, for instance, successful applications to strike out aspects of a party’s pleaded case. This Part sets out a codification of the rules concerning amendment. It makes provision for the general approach to amendment both for case statements and other procedural documents. It makes provision for a stricter approach, consistent with the CPR, to late amendments. It also codifies in a single place rules concerning amendment to change the capacity in which a party brings or defends a claim and those to add, remove or substitute a party to proceedings both before and after the expiry of a relevant statutory limitation period.
Service
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Service of case statements and other procedural documents is an essential means by which the court’s jurisdiction over parties is established and by which parties are given effective notice of proceedings. This Part provides a simple service process, primarily to be carried out by the court through an effective digital case management system. Consistently with the emphasis on digital service, it gives precedent to forms of service effected via electronic (digital) means, whether email, text, social media, or otherwise. The key test for permitting the use of electronic service methods is whether they are reasonably likely to bring service to the attention of the party being served. Party consent to use an electronic method is not required. Non-electronic methods of service remain capable of use in the alternative. Provisions concerned service out of the jurisdiction, deemed service, dispensing with service, and time limits for service are also set out.
Access to Evidence and Privileges
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Party and court access to evidence is essential for the identification of right fact in adjudication. It is also essential for parties engaged in attempts to settle their dispute consensually. This Part makes provision for access to witness evidence, documentary evidence, and expert evidence (including court-appointed experts). It also codifies the burden and standard of proof and evidentiary privileges. It introduces specific rules permitting, in limited circumstances, the court to assist parties who are not represented by lawyers to identify evidence they may wish to adduce. It also makes provision for legal professional privilege, revises the privilege against self-incrimination so that it is a ‘use immunity’, and introduces a general form of settlement privilege. While it provides an illustrative rule concerning closed material proceedings, this Part rejects the incorporation of such a form of process as being inimical to the right to fair trial.
Provisional Measures
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

The effective administration of justice may require the court to grant a range of provisional measures. Such measures have, historically, not been systemised in England and Wales, although they have in other jurisdictions. This Part provides a functional systemisation of those provisional measures available to support litigation in England and Wales. It characterises the various measures as either: preservative; regulatory; or anticipatory. Civil Search Orders and freezing injunctions, for instance, act as preservative measures. Interim injunctions and interim declarations are regulatory in nature. Interim payment orders are anticipatory. The criteria governing the grant of each type of measure is also codified.
Prelude
Authors: Simpson Barbara
Published: November 2024

The Prelude sets out the stall upon which this book is constructed. It presents an argument that the purpose of leadership is distinct from that of management, and therefore these two concepts need to be theorised and researched differently. Focussing specifically on leadership, it suggests this complex phenomenon may be differently understood in terms of the two complementary aspects of the ‘leader’/‘leading’ duality, where the former aspect is based on a substantive ontology and the latter on a processual ontology. Pragmatism, as a philosophy of process, is introduced as a diffractive apparatus that is consistent with such a processual ontology. The structure of the book is then outlined, drawing on music and the modernist literature of writers such as Virginia Woolf as guiding metaphors.
First Movement
Authors: Simpson Barbara
Published: November 2024

This movement is comprised of an Intermezzo that examines Pragmatist thinking on community and democracy, and an Étude that exemplifies the culture of collaboration in the senior management team of an arts-based company. The Intermezzo draws primarily on the writing of Jane Addams, but also includes contributions from John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, and Mary Parker Follett. The Étude contrasts this Pragmatist view with familiar critiques of committees and committee work in organizations. It also sets the scene for the empirical study that runs throughout this book, which is based on the collaborative efforts of a diverse team of managers.
Reading
Authors: Russell David
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines Milner’s diary books of the 1930s – A Life of One’s Own and an Experiment in Leisure – in order to define the terms of her lifelong quest for a creative life. It explores the ways Milner finds her own relationship to language, and to her reading, in order to open paths to creativity. In particular it analyses Milner’s invention of a ‘meta-diary’ practice – a writing of essays which reflect on past diaries – in order to show how Milner engages with language as a medium for finding the life she wants. The chapter contextualises Milner’s writing in relation to the essayists of the nineteenth century, and the Bloomsbury and modernist novelists of the twentieth century. It also looks ahead to the question of how Milner’s thinking about her own art and interests will shape a therapeutic practice.
Drawing
Authors: Russell David
Published: November 2024

This chapter addresses Milner’s turn to her own practices of drawing and painting as an extension and complication of her diary writing. It offers an analysis of the interaction between words and images in a creative life. The chapter focuses on Milner’s most popular book, On Not Being Able to Paint (1950), in order to explain how her practices of free-drawing led her to new preoccupations and insights. In particular, the chapter explains Milner’s ideas about the different kinds of attention we pay to the world around us, and how those modes of attention change us in the process. It also places Millner’s thinking about words and images in relation to the literature of her time, pragmatist and ordinary-language philosophy, and to her own work in and theories about education, and the ideas of mental health that she employs as a psychotherapist.
More Than Is Dreamed of in Recent Metaethics and the Philosophy of Action (Some Kierkegaardian Reflections on Relating to Yourself by Relating to God)
Authors: Buss Sarah
Published: November 2024

What distinguishes our actions from mere happenings? In virtue of what does a fact qualify as a reason for us to do one thing rather than another? Recent philosophical attempts to answer these questions appeal to our capacity to reflect on our own dispositions. But these appeals give rise to regress problems. This essay calls attention to the extent to which Kierkegaard anticipates both the answers and the problems. It also highlights the lesson Kierkegaard draws from the problems: insofar as we are not alienated from our own responses to our circumstances, this is because we are relating to these responses (be they our motives or our normative assessments) “by relating to God.” In following his argument, we are forced to consider the role that a commitment to a transcendent point of view plays in our apprehension of reasons for action.
No Inertia in Consciousness
Authors: Hieronymi Pamela
Published: November 2024

Sartre claims that there is no inertia in consciousness. Like many of his claims, this seems patently false. However, also like many of his claims, it can be interpreted in a way in which it is both true and illuminating. Consciousness, for Sartre, is the ability to “negate.” This includes the ability to entertain and to answer questions. Our “consciousness,” thus understood, will include our beliefs and intentions (regardless of whether we are aware of them “consciously”). It is tempting to think of our beliefs and intentions as states of mind that are produced, at a time, by a discrete episode of mental activity, which then persist, in the mind, until revised or eliminated at some later point, by some later episode of mental activity—as if they were documents on a computer. So understood, belief and intention possess their own inertia, so to speak. I will argue that this way of thinking about belief and intention badly distorts both our relation to them and our responsibility for them. Rather than thinking of them as if they were items stored in memory on a computer—as something you might act upon intermittently to update, or delete—we should think of them instead as something more like our posture: they rely, at each moment, on our ongoing activity, and so are, themselves, a kind of activity, for which we are constantly responsible. Thus understood, there is, in fact, no inertia in (this aspect of) consciousness.
Sartre, the Look, and the Cogito
Authors: Moran Richard
Published: November 2024

Sartre’s discussion of “the Look” in Being and Nothingness is a contribution to the Classic problem of “other minds” but one that radically transforms the orientation of that problem. Sartre seeks a response to solipsism that shares some of the indubitability of the “cogito” but his starting point in self-consciousness differs from a similar starting point in the Classic presentation. For Sartre, the goal of the argument is not an explanation of the behavior of others but rather the demonstration of an aspect of my own being, namely my being-for-others. In my apprehension of being looked at, I recognize my own status as an Other.
Criticizing Women
Authors: Melo Lopes Filipa
Published: November 2024

One of the key insights of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex is the idea that gender-based subordination is not just something done to women, but also something women do to themselves. This raises a question about ethical responsibility: if women are complicit, or actively implicated in their own oppression, are they at fault? Recent Beauvoir scholarship remains divided on this point. This chapter argues that Beauvoir did, in fact, ethically criticize many women for their complicity, as a sign of what she called “bad faith.” To make this case, the chapter poses a challenge to two recent accounts by Nancy Bauer and Manon Garcia, who both read Beauvoir as exonerating complicit women. According to this reading, women emerge as human “freedoms” within a social world where a “destiny” of inferiority is already prepared for them. Their self-subordination is then an inevitable product of acting in a patriarchal world. However, this interpretation generates a crucial tension, leading Bauer and Garcia to call on women to stop being complicit, while also claiming they cannot avoid complicity. This tension can be resolved by adopting instead a different interpretation of Beauvoir, on which feminine complicity is often fueled by criticizable ethical attitudes that are far from inevitable. Revisiting Beauvoir’s notion of “bad faith” makes clear that this account is compatible with recognizing the limitations imposed on women’s agency and that this feminist ethical criticism is itself an important part of a collective project of social transformation.
Existential Solipsism
Authors: Hirsch Eli
Published: November 2024

The main topic of this paper is the connection between facing death and a special kind of solitariness. Heidegger talks about the kind of anxiety, the feeling of uncanniness, of Unheimlichkeit (not-at-homeness), that must attend coming to grips with mortality. At one point Heidegger refers to this feeling as “existential solipsism,” which is evidently an allusion to a special kind of solitariness. When Heidegger uses this expression, he puts “solipsism” in scare quotes. He implies that there is a distinctive kind of uncanny solitariness that attends the facing of death, but he does not suggest that facing death implicates literal solipsism, that is, the denial or doubt that there is a reality external to consciousness. One claim in the present paper is that the notion of existential solipsism can be associated with a phenomenon that can be called a “shift to subjectivity,” in which one’s focus is on one’s representations rather than on what is represented. But can there actually be a connection between literal solipsism and facing death? Two philosophers who credit such a connection are Thomas Nagel and J. J. Valberg. The present paper also attempts to explain the views of these philosophers.
Introduction
Authors: Özçelik Öner
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the Turkish language in general, as well as introducing the reader to the theoretical framework the book is couched in. In introducing the Turkish language, its general characteristics are overviewed, along with the question of linguistic affinity and historical development, as well as influences from other languages. Orthography is also covered. The theoretical approach employed throughout the book uses tools from both Autosegmental Phonology (including Feature Geometry) and Prosodic Phonology (theories of representation), as well as from Optimality Theory (a theory of computation). An adequate theory of phonology, after all, needs both. Regardless of the phonological phenomena analyzed or the representational framework used, one repetitive and overarching theme emerging in every chapter throughout the book is that not only regular but also exceptional phonological forms demonstrate a systematic pattern, and can be captured by the same grammar as regular forms.
Segmental phonology
Authors: Özçelik Öner
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the sounds of modern Turkish, including both consonants and vowels, as well as of certain phonological processes that take place at the segmental level. All the phonemes and major allophones of Turkish consonants and vowels are covered, along with their associated phonetic characterizations and the specific environments they appear in. A number of issues are clarified with regard to the status of certain sounds in Turkish, for example, proposing a total of four glides in the language (three of which phonemic), analyzing certain phonemes like [h] as a glottal glide and the controversial soft-g <ğ> as a velar glide /ɰ/. Further, traditional concepts of a phoneme vs. allophone are questioned with cases where two sounds (e.g. light- and dark-l) are both in complementary distribution (i.e. allophones of the same phoneme) and are contrastive (i.e. separate phonemes), due to prespecification.
Introduction
Authors: Smith Daniel Starza , Wilkinson Hazel
Published: November 2024

This introduction explores the many literary and bibliographical interests, and areas of expertise, of the volume’s dedicatee, Henry Woudhuysen. It summarizes his contributions to the fields of Renaissance studies, literary editing, and the history of the book. The introduction also describes the chapters contained in the volume, and explains the themes and ideas that unite them. Like the volume as a whole, the introduction proceeds chronologically from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. It argues that the chapters share an interest in the human stories and often eccentric personalities that lie behind the production, circulation, and reception of literary texts. It concludes with a brief account of the history and meaning of the term liber amicorum.
Reading and rhyming in the Black Friars
Authors: Brigden Susan
Published: November 2024

The precinct of the Black Friars was a liberty with ancient privileges in the heart of the City of London, a little world apart. Here members of the nobility and gentry kept London lodgings, staying there when they were not at court or in their country estates, living close to each other, entertaining each other, intermarrying. Among others, the names of Wyatt, Parr, Vaux, Fortescue, and Guildford recur. Given their wealth and status, it was likely that they were owners and readers of books. Several of their manuscripts and books—some of great beauty—survive. Some have inscriptions which are testaments of friendship, of shared beliefs and values, at a time when friendships and beliefs were profoundly tested. Some of the inhabitants of the precinct were not only readers but also ‘makers’, a coterie devoted to poetry. This essay reconstructs some of the networks of reading and friendship in the Black Friars at the moment of the dissolution of the friary, and before the establishment of the Blackfriars theatre. The evidence comes from surviving manuscripts and books and their inscriptions, from wills, inventories, leases, Chancery cases, state papers, and related documents.
‘Now am I in Arden: the more fool I’
Authors: Smith Emma
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the mystery of the lost Love’s Labour’s Won. It reviews the evidence that it ever existed, and the history of scholarship speculating about its content, drawing on recent work on the phenomenon of lost plays. Imaginary, scholarly, and popular fictional reconstructions of the play, from the Oxford Shakespeare Complete Works to Dr Who, share certain––and the author argues, unwarranted––narrative and plot assumptions about the shape of this lost play. The absent Love’s Labour’s Won is seen as a challenge to the idea of Shakespeare’s complete canon, and of editorial projects including the Arden 3 series.
Foxe’s Acts and Monuments as pocket devotional
Authors: Suarez Michael F.
Published: November 2024

John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church, first published in 1563, was not only the largest publishing project of its time, but also one of the most successful: nine complete editions were published by the end of the seventeenth century. This sustained commercial and cultural success is even more remarkable when one considers the book’s considerable cost: the retail price of the 1596 edition was 24s, an amount roughly equal to three months’ wages of a skilled London clothworker. Not surprisingly, the Acts and Monuments’ great length, enormous popularity, and forbidding cost together conduced to create a lively market for abridgments, far and away the most successful of which was Clement Cotton’s Mirror of Martyrs (1613), an epitome comprising noteworthy dying speeches, sermons, prayers, meditations, and letters of the martyrs. Printed eight times over c.70 years (1613–85), the Mirror was not a static object, but an evolving work. This essay examines the successive editions of Cotton’s Mirror – tracing changes in content, typography, illustration, and mise-en-page – while also considering antecedents, contemporary competitors, and descendent works to understand how abridgments made available to a wider readership a germ of Foxe’s seminal work.
Pope’s Worms
Authors: Bennett Kate
Published: November 2024

In The Dunciad, ‘maggots, half-form’d’ hatch out and crawl on poetic feet, while Pope’s most popular poem in his lifetime was ‘Pope’s Worms’, a satire on the apothecary John Moore and his worm medicine. In this poem, all mankind, but particularly the Whigs, are said to be some kind of worm or other, from bookworms to glow-worms to tapeworms and the devil himself. This essay traces the figure of the worm, bookworm, maggot, and tapeworm through a wide variety of texts, all in some way connected to Pope and his circle. These include the writings of Thomas Hearne, Samuel Garth, William Wycherley, Jonathan Swift, Thomas Shadwell, Thomas Parnell, Sir Richard Blackmore, John Dryden, and Edward Tyson. The essay threads a path through a Restoration preoccupation with the ‘maggot’ (which means a kind of extemporized poem, as well as a critic, a busybody, a conspiracy theorist, an obsessive or unfocussed enthusiast, and a collector) and explores the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century preoccupation with the maggot as a figure for obsession, corruption, ‘false tastes in learning’, and Grub Street. Through Garth and the early satires of the Scriblerus club, these worms engage the rivalry between the apothecaries and the physicians, as well as the study of invertebrate anatomy by the anatomist and bibliophile Tyson.
Advances in the Integrative Study of Survival Memory
Authors: Toglia Michael P. , Erickson William Blake , Altarriba Jeanette , Otgaar Henry
Published: November 2024

This chapter introduces the volume Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Advances in Understanding Adaptive Memory. That false memory may also be adaptive is discussed in many chapters. This proposition joins new emergent positions and arguments regarding adaptive memory that are advanced via converging perspectives from within psychology and related disciplines, including forensic science, cognitive neuroscience, biology, and anthropology. This book highlights another convergence: that a greater understanding of memory performance requires that researchers emphasize memorial processes, functions of memory, and their intersection. In doing so, clear connections between memory theory and evolutionary science are established across four sections: (1) Scenario Studies, (2) Understanding Adaptive Memory through the Lenses of Anthropology and Comparative Psychology, (3) Age-Related Perspectives in Understanding Adaptive Memory, and (4) Emerging Perspectives on Adaptive Memory: Cognitive Neuroscience and Forensic Science. Overall, this volume offers an expansive treatment of the study of adaptive memory, survival processing, and related phenomena that receive an integrative analysis in the concluding chapter.
Hunting Prey, Evading Predators, and Finding Mates
Authors: Leding Juliana K.
Published: November 2024

Myriad studies indicate that human memory is tuned to remember survival-relevant information, as detailed in the survival processing effect. Animacy is related to survival in terms of hunting prey, evading predators, and finding mates. In line with the survival processing effect, animate items are better remembered than inanimate items, a finding that has been replicated with various materials and methodologies. Although animacy is related to survival, and humans are apt to remember information related to survival, the exact mechanisms allowing for the importance of animacy in human memory are not yet understood. Possible causes for the animacy effect include arousal initiated by animate items, the likelihood of animate items to capture attention, or mortality salience induced by animate items. Experimental evidence for these potential proximate mechanisms is discussed, with a special focus on attention and the prioritization of animacy throughout various levels of cognitive processing.
An Examination of the Survival Processing Effect under Conditions that Enhance Elaborative Encoding
Authors: Leedy Aaron D. , Toglia Michael P. , Zhukov David
Published: November 2024

This chapter addresses a number of issues regarding the status of survival processing vis-à-vis encoding strategies. In doing so, the present research seeks to further examine discrepancies between two previous studies: Nairne’s seminal experiments in 2007 and a chapter by Toglia and colleagues several years later. Within the DRM paradigm, several manipulations of elaborative processing were included to achieve this goal. The resultant extensive design conformed to a 3 (processing type: survival, moving, pleasantness) × 2 (list presentation format: blocked vs. random) × 2 (intentional vs. incidental testing). Both free recall and recognition memory were tested in assessing true and false memory. In narrow circumstances we found support for a survival processing advantage over other study strategies in both forms of true memory. However, when false memory, intrusions in recall and false alarms of critical lures in recognition, was factored in, survival processing frequently did not produce the highest levels of accuracy among the encoding conditions. The key difference in these two previous investigations that is highlighted presently is the use of unrelated lists vs. thematically related lists. This material difference, we argue, is likely why intent to remember and presentation format in all analyses were not influential as main effects. The overall pattern of findings also supports the contention that studying for survival relevance should not be considered in a broad sense a ‘gold standard’ of encoding. Results are discussed within the context of evolutionary science and other contemporary survival processing research.
Adaptive Memory, Primates, and Human Evolution
Authors: Sayers Ken , Ross Corinna N.
Published: November 2024

Primate cognitive studies frequently involve evolutionary principles or hypotheses. A review of prosimian, monkey, and ape memory research suggests certain features shared across the order, as well as abilities or specializations influenced by species or taxon-specific phylogeny and natural history. This overview examines primate adaptive memory assessed via traditional psychological testing, novel and naturalistic experiments, as well as field observations. Comparative primate research is vital to assessing features of memory that are unique to hominids, including humans. Reconstructing the evolution of memory in hominids requires ecologically minded research on nonhuman primates, as well as examining idiosyncratic features identified via the human fossil and archaeological records.
Eyes that Never Blink
Authors: Erickson William Blake , Frowd Charlie
Published: November 2024

Computer vision has revolutionized many industries, producing diverse applications in areas historically requiring humans to make observations and measurements. One such area that has seen rapid progress in recent decades is the application of computer vision to the detection, storage, and identification of human faces. This research has paralleled similar discoveries by cognitive scientists researching face perception and recognition by humans. Despite overlapping concepts related to the same stimulus class (faces), software and cognitive researchers often conduct similar work isolated from one another, when each area’s findings may be informative to the other. In this chapter, we discuss historical and modern challenges in facial memory research and draw parallels between findings from humans and machines in an effort to unite these separate fields under a common language. We conclude by discussing practical and ethical problems with facial recognition technology used in survival-relevant tasks, including identity screening, criminal identification, and predictive technology.
Adaptive Memory
Authors: Altarriba Jeanette , Erickson William Blake , Otgaar Henry , Toglia Michael P.
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the current volume, Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Advances in Understanding Adaptive Memory, and summarizes the main findings within each of its four sections. Those sections focus on the following: survival scenarios and memory; anthropological and comparative perspectives; age-related perspectives; and cognitive neuroscience and forensic approaches. Within each section, main findings or observations are summarized and discussed with an eye towards the integration of information across chapters and sections, as well as future directions for research and the development of theory in the field of adaptive or survival memory. Concluding remarks point to the following notions: (1) collecting data that uses a ‘cross task’ or triangulation approach can yield richer data and findings in this area of work; (2) fundamental to many of the effects reported herein is a ‘richness-of-encoding’ feature that appears to accompany memory advantages within the survival paradigm; (3) neuroscientific and other technological approaches and advances can yield even more knowledge related to these effects; and (4) emotion and the study of emotional influences on adaptive memory processing is an as yet untapped but potentially rich source of knowledge in terms of the proximal mechanisms that guide these effects. This chapter serves as the final, culminating work that summarizes the overall reported data and observations that are richly detailed within the volume, on the whole.
The Case for Work
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

A post-work movement is gaining popularity among academics, artists, and activists, in reaction to the many harms and injustices plaguing current labour markets and work organizations, and the looming disruptions that automation is likely to cause. This movement anticipates and welcomes the demise of work as a central value of modern society. Against this rejection of work’s significance, The Case for Work argues that our situation is critical precisely because work matters, that it is a mistake to advocate a society beyond work on the basis of the current state of work. Rather, because work matters, we should try to organize it differently. The first part of the book locates the arguments feeding into the ‘case against work’ in the long history of social and political thought. This genealogical enquiry highlights many conceptual and methodological issues in classical and contemporary accounts. The second part of the book makes the ‘case for work’ in a positive way, through a dialectical argument. It shows that the very features of work that its critics emphasize, which make it akin to a ‘realm of necessity’, can in fact become the conduit for individual self-development and social solidarity, provided work is organized in conditions that are fair and equal.
Abstract Labour
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines arguments that draw on the writings of Karl Marx. The first section introduces two strands of interpretation, both of which endorse a positive notion of work found in Marx. Section 3.2 reviews the ‘autonomist’ tradition, whose ‘refusal of work’ represents a key reference point in post-work writings. However, the work ‘refused’ in autonomism is capitalist work, and autonomists also embrace a positive conception of emancipated work. The argument that capitalism, by driving technological innovation, will make work obsolete in the future is examined in Section 3.3. Section 3.4 explores the stream of Marx scholarship centred on the notions of ‘value’ and ‘abstract labour’ as forms work takes in capitalism, that impact negatively on social relations and subjectivities. Section 3.5 rebuts these criticisms by showing that they fail to discount work as a necessary activity of social reproduction.
Work as Discipline
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers objections to the centrality of work influenced by the writings of Michel Foucault. Section 4.1 outlines the descriptive force of his critical accounts of the modern ‘disciplines’ and of ‘biopower’ as they relate to work. Section 4.2 identifies the methodological and ethical implications of these accounts for debates on work. These present modulations on the historicist worries studied in earlier chapters. Section 4.3 responds to these objections by arguing that the paltry nature of modern work’s organization does not by itself negate the necessity of some work. The chapter concludes by highlighting later texts in Foucault’s oeuvre which point to a positive conception of work.
The Imminent Obsolescence of Work
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter evaluates scenarios about the imminent disappearance of work due to automation. Section 7.1 recalls earlier predictions about ‘the end of work’ from the late nineteenth century onward. These forecasts were never vindicated, which provides a first sceptical proviso to the imminent obsolescence of work. Section 7.2 reconstructs the argument in Marx’s 1857 ‘fragment on machines’, a key reference in current work debates. The conclusion of Marx’s analysis does not predict the end of human work but rather a transformation of it, ultimately resulting in a new form of society. Section 7.3 reviews the recent literature on technological unemployment, and highlights the many considerations that prevent us from drawing the conclusion that recent advances in robotics and artificial intelligence will necessarily lead to the end of work.
The Social and Political Irrelevance of Work
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This is the last chapter of Part I. It examines the claims of sociologists, social theorists and political philosophers who argue that work is no longer the most relevant form of social experience or institution, and that the significance of work will continue to decline in the future. The first section reviews arguments from those classical texts of post-war political sociology that describe changes in the economic, social, and political organization of rich countries in the 1970s. The ‘post-industrialism’ catchphrase coined by these thinkers was intended to describe the demise of work as a culturally, socially, and politically central institution. The second section reviews objections that stem from the theoretical side of sociology, which reject the idea of an institution and form of experience being ‘central’ in modern society. The third section considers philosophical objections to the perfectionism apparently implied in the idea of work being central to individual and social life.
Feminism’s Ambivalent Attitude to Work
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter has two aims, to illustrate the ambivalence of work from a feminist viewpoint, and to extract from feminist scholarship a generalized notion of social reproduction. Section 9.1 studies the treatment of work by three feminist figures (Charlotte Perkins, Simone de Beauvoir, Maria Mies). Section 9.2 establishes the thematic grid used in the remainder of the chapter. The grid is derived from the three major forms of work-based injustice studied in feminist scholarship: colonization and imperial domination; racial oppression (including slavery); and exploitation and social domination linked to capitalist industrialization. Sections 9.3 and 9.4 focus on domestic labour and outline the notion of social reproduction that was developed to analyse it. Section 9.5 studies the role of work in historical and recent forms of colonization and racial oppression. Section 9.6 builds the bridge to Part II by highlighting striking visions of emancipatory work from feminist perspectives.
The Work of Social Reproduction
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter establishes the generalized concept of social reproduction that underpins the defence of work advanced in the second part of the book. Section 10.1 unpacks the conceptual components of the definition of work that arise from this perspective. On this view work is the set of activities that ensures the reproduction of individual lives and of the collective life which sustains them, and which they sustain. Section 10.2 considers the main systems that make up a human community to emphasize just how much work is required to sustain individual and collective lives, a point that is undervalued in contemporary social and political thought. Section 10.3 responds to a key objection to the definition of work as an activity of social reproduction, namely that it is insufficiently precise and makes it difficult to distinguish work from other kinds of action.
Facing Necessity
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes the significance of work for individuals. Instead of reviewing the existing literature on ‘the goods of work’, a new method is proposed, namely to accept the idea that work is an aspect of human existence that is connected with many forms of necessity, and that this fact helps to explain why work matters so much. The first section surveys the different ways in which work for human beings is linked to necessity: as a result of our intrinsic finitude, our evolutionary trajectory and our social dependency. Section 13.2 shows why facing this manifold necessity should not just be considered a fateful burden, as it can be a conduit for real freedom and flourishing, provided work is well organized. This outlook strengthens the rejoinder to the objection from Chapter 5 about the supposed superiority of leisure and play over work.
Fade-In: Introduction
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya
Published: November 2024

The introduction makes clear the novelty and importance of the present study, describes its methodology, and delineates its argument. The introductory chapter also emphasizes the book’s fresh contributions to two major scholarly conversations: first, the innovative intersections between film studies and Deleuze and Guattari studies; second, the emergent interest in absence, darkness, and silence in film studies and film-philosophy. Accordingly, this chapter introduces the reader not only to the specialized vocabulary of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari—including concepts such as the “abstract machine,” “deterritorialization,” and “lines of flight”—but also to the author’s own terminology, such as “folds to black or white” and “elective mutism.” In addition to elaborating on the concept of the filmmaking machine as an abstract art machine in relation to questions of absence in cinema, the introduction explicates the book’s focus on “thirteen ways of looking at the black or white screen.” This undergirding diagrammatic principle guides the presentation of content in the book, mobilizing Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of “assemblage,” “diagram,” and “cartography,” all of which are correlative with an understanding of the filmmaking machine. The filmmaking machine is not disconnected from critical film disciplines and creative practices as integral components of the “cine-mecanosphere.” The introduction posits that film history, film theory, and film analysis all stand to benefit from the film-philosophical conceptual apparatus. What is more, reflective of an expanded process of “cine-machining,” the book manifests itself as theoretical assemblage, which is integral to the stand-alone creative practice component, the author’s remix-assemblage, This Video Does Not Exist (2015/2024).
Divergent Darkness
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya
Published: November 2024

Chapter 1 focuses on the various uses of black screens in early cinema, the period that remains outside of Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema dyad. Chapter 1 and chapter 6 frame the book by drawing a comparison between Paul Virilio’s theory of the acceleration of technology and negative accident, on the one hand, and Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s philosophy of abstract machinic production and creative malfunction, on the other. This chapter begins by examining the role of the black gap in the illusion of cinematic motion, linking it to Virilio’s notion of “picnolepsy” and the philosopher’s interest in the increasing speed of perception in the twentieth century. Furthermore, the chapter demonstrates that black screens in early cinema can be approached in various reterritorializing and deterritorializing ways: as darkness that dates to Black Art magic in theater; as frame-breaking attractions; as seeds of rational and irrational cuts found in classical and modern cinema; as compositing techniques that anticipate spatial montage in digital cinema; and as resistant tactics of effacement as practiced in minor cinema. The chapter argues that the divergent use of black screens in early cinema results from the heterogeneity of means of filmic expression and differs from their more convergent employment in classical cinema due to the reterritorializing pull of the fade as a code. The chapter concludes by stating that early cinema, far from being primitive, is full of experimental and molecular potential—it invites us to enter the dark tunnel, tumble into the gaping maw, or go down the rabbit hole.
Convergent Codes
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya
Published: November 2024

Chapter 2 provides an overview of Gilles Deleuze’s work on cinema and highlights the role that the black or white screen plays in his theorization of the movement-image. It traces the concept of the black or white screen through the components of the frame, shot, and montage as fundamentals of cinematic analysis. The chapter scrutinizes various aspects of the film frame—such as its genetic power and tendencies toward either rarefaction or saturation—before emphasizing the enabling role of darkness with respect to the cinematic shot. After establishing the difference between rational cuts in movement-image cinema and irrational cuts (or interstices) in time-image cinema, the chapter then deliberates on the black or white screen as a rational transition, delving into the history of the fade as a cinematic code. The chapter discusses the emergence of fades during the transitional period of cinema and considers the ways in which filmmakers have subsequently experimented with fades of different colors. This chapter mainly probes fade-ins and fade-outs in terms of relative deterritorialization and reterritorialization. In contrast to the divergent use of the black screen in early cinema, the fade, among other cinematic techniques, has gradually acquired a stable function in classical cinema. Such a convergence of filmic codes has been facilitated not only by the work of early film practitioners but also by the accounts of early film theorists, which together provide important insights into the institutionalization of the fade as a narrative device in cinema.
The Black or White Screen as a Tool of Deterritorialization in Modern and Experimental Cinema
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya
Published: November 2024

Chapter 3 elaborates on the blank screen as a tool of deterritorialization in time-image cinema. This chapter highlights absolute deterritorialization in the black or white screen that offers a radical line of flight from fixed forms and stable codes in cinema. This and the next chapter of the book develop a comparison between the critical-clinical symptomatologies of Theodor W. Adorno’s negative critique and non-communication, on the one hand, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s productive experimentation as creative (dis)order, on the other. The foundational element of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of becoming is a triad of lines: the molar, the molecular, and lines of flight. Molar lines, as rigid segmentarities, mobilize the logic of identification and representation. Yet molar lines are never fixed and firm; they always undergo malleable and molecular changes. Molecular lines can still be segmentary and stratifying, whereas radical lines of flight disturb, disrupt, and destratify both molar and molecular lines. If molecular lines bring about relative deterritorializations, then lines of flight have the genuine potential to metamorphose into absolute deterritorializations. Drawing upon this logic, the chapter demonstrates that in modern cinema of the body and cinema of the brain, the genetic and structural powers of the black or white screen not only loosen molar narrative regimes by means of molecular disturbances but also open up pathways to absolute escapes. Furthermore, the chapter also surveys the recurrence of black or white screens in a number of experimental film movements, such as Abstract or Absolute film, Lettrism, the Situationist International, Fluxus, Structural film, and Paracinema.