bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Back and Hip Pain in a Postpartum Runner: Applying Ultrasound Imaging and Running Analysis
Authors: Thein-Nissenbaum Jill M. , Thompson Elizabeth F. , Chumanov Elizabeth S. , Heiderscheit Bryan
Published: March 2012

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Postpartum low back and hip dysfunction may be caused by an incomplete recovery of abdominal musculature and impaired neuromuscular control. The purpose of this report is to describe the management of a postpartum runner with hip and low back pain through exercise training via ultrasound imaging (USI) biofeedback combined with running-form modification.

Case Description

A postpartum runner with hip and low back pain underwent dynamic lumbar stabilization training with USI biofeedback and running-form modification to reduce mechanical loading. Muscle thickness of transversus abdominis and internal oblique was measured with USI preintervention and 7 weeks after completion of the intervention. Additionally, 3-dimensional lower extremity joint motions, moments, and powers were calculated during treadmill running.

Outcomes

The patient's pain with running decreased from a constant 9/10 (0, no pain; 10, worst pain) to an occasional 3/10 posttreatment. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness increased 6.3% during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and 27.0% during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver with straight leg raise. Changes were also noted in the internal oblique. These findings corresponded to improved lumbopelvic control: pelvic list and axial rotation during running decreased 38% and 36%, respectively. The patient's running volume returned to preinjury levels (8.1–9.7 km, 3 days per week) with no hip pain and minimal low back pain, and she successfully completed her goal of running a half-marathon.

Discussion

The successful outcomes of this case support the consideration of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises, USI biofeedback, and running-form modification in postpartum runners with lumbopelvic dysfunction.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):615–624, Epub 23 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3941
Seismic Analysis and Proposed Retrofit Design of Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Otsuka Akio , Fujino Yozo , Kikkawa Hiroshi , Odagiri Naoyuki , Mizoguchi Takao , Daihara Naoshi
Published: March 2012

The Yokohama Bay Bridge is a long-span cable-stayed bridge constructed before the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake, so the seismic safety of the bridge from ground motions equivalent to those caused by that earthquake was analyzed. Earthquakes in Japan can be broadly classified into two types: the large earthquake which takes place in the subduction zone of the Pacific plate with a magnitude of order 8 with far-field or moderately far-field ground motion, and near-field ground motion caused by inland earthquake which may occur beneath the site or close to the site.Probable ground motions occurring along or in the immediate vicinity of tectonic plate boundaries such as oceanic trenches were calculated using fault rupture models. Ground motions of shallow-focused inland earthquakes were taken from the standard ground motions currently used for bridge design in Japan from 1997.Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted on the basis of those ground motions to identify parts of the bridge that are likely to suffer major damage or that are likely to affect other parts of the bridge. Whether or not each of the expected cases of damage would be acceptable was determined, the effects of different acceptable cases of damage on other structures were also studied by using the processes of a retrofit study, and a seismic retrofit design of the bridge was proposed.
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Carbon Footprints for Food of Animal Origin: What are the Most Preferable Criteria to Measure Animal Yields?
Authors: Flachowsky Gerhard , Kamphues Josef
Published: March 2012

There are increasing efforts to determine the origin of greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities (including food consumption) and to identify, apply and exploit reduction potentials. Low emissions are generally the result of increased efficiency in resource utilization. Considering climate related factors, the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and laughing gas are summarized to so-called carbon footprints (CF). The CF for food of animal origin such as milk, eggs, meat and fish depend on a number of influencing factors such as animal species, type of production, feeding of animals, animal performance, system boundaries and outputs of production. Milk and egg yields are more clearly defined animal yields or outcomes of production than food from the carcasses of animals. Possible endpoints of growing/slaughter animals are body weight gain, carcass weight gain (warm or cold), meat, edible fractions or edible protein. The production of edible protein of animal origin may be considered as one of the main objectives of animal husbandry in many countries. On the other hand, the efficiency of various lines of production and the CF per product can also be easily compared on the basis of edible protein. The pros and contras of various outputs of animal production under special consideration of edible protein are discussed in the paper.
Remodeling of Tumor Stroma and Response to Therapy
Authors: Johansson Anna , Ganss Ruth
Published: March 2012

Solid tumors are intrinsically resistant to therapy. Cancer progression occurs when tumor cells orchestrate responses from diverse stromal cell types such as blood vessels and their support cells, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts; these cells collectively form the tumor microenvironment and provide direct support for tumor growth, but also evasion from cytotoxic, immune and radiation therapies. An indirect result of abnormal and leaky blood vessels in solid tumors is high interstitial fluid pressure, which reduces drug penetration, but also creates a hypoxic environment that further augments tumor cell growth and metastatic spread. Importantly however, studies during the last decade have shown that the tumor stroma, including the vasculature, can be modulated, or re-educated, to allow better delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs or enhance the efficiency of active immune therapy. Such remodeling of the tumor stroma using genetic, pharmacological and other therapeutic approaches not only enhances selective access into tumors but also reduces toxic side effects. This review focuses on recent novel concepts to modulate tumor stroma and thus locally increase therapeutic efficacy.
Classification of HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang Maolin , Wang Kai , Yan Aixia , Yu Changyuan
Published: March 2012

Using a support vector machine (SVM), three classification models were built to predict whether a compound is an active or weakly active inhibitor based on a dataset of 386 hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase NNIs (non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors) fitting into the pocket of the NNI III binding site. For each molecule, global descriptors, 2D and 3D property autocorrelation descriptors were calculated from the program ADRIANA.Code. Three models were developed with the combination of different types of descriptors. Model 2 based on 16 global and 2D autocorrelation descriptors gave the highest prediction accuracy of 88.24% and MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient) of 0.789 on test set. Model 1 based on 13 global descriptors showed the highest prediction accuracy of 86.25% and MCC of 0.732 on external test set (including 80 compounds). Some molecular properties such as molecular shape descriptors (InertiaZ, InertiaX and Span), number of rotatable bonds (NRotBond), water solubility (LogS), and hydrogen bonding related descriptors performed important roles in the interactions between the ligand and NS5B polymerase.
Termite Resistance of Thermally-Modified Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne
Authors: Manalo Ronniel D. , Garcia Carlos M.
Published: March 2012

The effects of thermal modification on the resistance of Dendrocalamus asper against Microcerotermes losbañosensis were investigated after exposure to virgin coconut oil at 140–200 °C for 30–120 min. The results showed that heat treatment significantly improved bamboo’s resistance to termites based on mass losses and visual observations. The enhancement was highest at 200 °C. Prolonged treatment had a positive effect on the resistance at lower temperatures only.
Microreactortechnology: Real-Time Flow Measurements in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Van den Broek Sebastiaan A. M. W. , Becker René , Koch Kaspar , Nieuwland Pieter J.
Published: March 2012

With the commercial availability of integrated microreactor systems, the numbers of chemical processes that are performed nowadays in a continuous flow is growing rapidly. The control over mixing efficiency and homogeneous heating in these reactors allows industrial scale production that was often hampered by the use of large amounts of hazardous chemicals. Accurate actuation and in line measurements of the flows, to have a better control over the chemical reaction, is of added value for increasing reproducibility and a safe production.
Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Edible Composite Film Prepared from Zein and Wheat Gluten
Authors: Guo Xingfeng , Lu Yanan , Cui Heping , Jia Xiangxing , Bai Hongchao , Ma Yuxiang
Published: March 2012

The effects of zein ratio, concentration of glycerol, liquid-solid ratio, ethanol concentration, pH and heat-treatment temperature on the properties of zein/wheat gluten composite films were researched. The results showed that elongation (E) increased with an increase in glycerol or ethanol concentrations, but it first increased and then decreased with increasing zein/wheat gluten ratio, heat-treatment temperature, pH and the ratio of liquid to solid; Tensile strength (TS) increased with the increase in heat-treatment temperature and pH, and decreased with the increase in glycerol or ethanol concentrations, and it reached a maximum value when the ratio of zein/wheat gluten was 20%, but had a minimum value when the ratio of liquid to solid was 8:1; Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) increased with an increase of glycerol concentration and the ratio of liquid to solid and ethanol concentration, but it decreased with increasing zein/wheat gluten ratio, heat treatment temperature, and pH of the film forming solution.
LiDAR Sampling Density for Forest Resource Inventories in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Treitz Paul , Lim Kevin , Woods Murray , Pitt Doug , Nesbitt Dave , Etheridge Dave
Published: March 2012

Over the past two decades there has been an abundance of research demonstrating the utility of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for predicting forest biophysical/inventory variables at the plot and stand levels. However, to date there has been little effort to develop a set of protocols for data acquisition and processing that would move governments or the forest industry towards cost-effective implementation of this technology for strategic and tactical (i.e., operational) forest resource inventories. The goal of this paper is to initiate this process by examining the significance of LiDAR data acquisition (i.e., point density) for modeling forest inventory variables for the range of species and stand conditions representing much of Ontario, Canada. Field data for approximately 200 plots, sampling a broad range of forest types and conditions across Ontario, were collected for three study sites. Airborne LiDAR data, characterized by a mean density of 3.2 pulses m−2 were systematically decimated to produce additional datasets with densities of approximately 1.6 and 0.5 pulses m−2. Stepwise regression models, incorporating LiDAR height and density metrics, were developed for each of the three LiDAR datasets across a range of forest types to estimate the following forest inventory variables: (1) average height (R2(adj) = 0.75–0.95); (2) top height (R2(adj) = 0.74–0.98); (3) quadratic mean diameter (R2(adj) = 0.55–0.85); (4) basal area (R2(adj) = 0.22–0.93); (5) gross total volume (R2(adj) = 0.42–0.94); (6) gross merchantable volume (R2(adj) = 0.35–0.93); (7) total aboveground biomass (R2(adj) = 0.23–0.93); and (8) stem density (R2(adj) = 0.17–0.86). Aside from a few cases (i.e., average height and density for some stand types), no decimation effect was observed with respect to the precision of the prediction of the majority of forest variables, which suggests that a mean density of 0.5 pulses m−2 is sufficient for plot and stand level modeling under these diverse forest conditions across Ontario.
Estimating Net Primary Production of Turfgrass in an Urban-Suburban Landscape with QuickBird Imagery
Authors: Wu Jindong , Bauer Marvin E.
Published: March 2012

Vegetation is a basic component of urban-suburban environments with significant area coverage. As a major vegetation type in US cities, urban turfgrass provides a range of important ecological services. This study examined the biological carbon fixation of turfgrass in a typical residential neighborhood by linking ground-based measurements, high resolution satellite remote sensing, and ecological modeling. The spatial distribution of turfgrass and its vegetative conditions were mapped with QuickBird satellite imagery. The significant amount of shadows existing in the imagery were detected and removed by taking advantage of the high radiometric resolution of the data. A remote sensing-driven production efficiency model was developed and parameterized with field biophysical measurements to estimate annual net primary production of turfgrass. The results indicated that turfgrass accounted for 38% of land cover in the study area. Turfgrass assimilated 0–1,301 g∙C∙m−2∙yr−1 depending on vegetative conditions and management intensity. The average annual net primary production per unit turfgrass cover by golf course grass (1,100.5 g∙C∙m−2) was much higher than that by regular lawn grass (771.2 g∙C∙m−2). However, lawn grass contributed more to the total net primary production than golf course grass due to its larger area coverage, although with higher spatial variability.
An Environmental Monitoring System for Managing Spatiotemporal Sensor Data over Sensor Networks
Authors: Ha Su Wook , Lee Yang Koo , Vu Thi Hong Nhan , Jung Young Jin , Ryu Keun Ho
Published: March 2012

In a wireless sensor network, sensors collect data about natural phenomena and transmit them to a server in real-time. Many studies have been conducted focusing on the processing of continuous queries in an approximate form. However, this approach is difficult to apply to environmental applications which require the correct data to be stored. In this paper, we propose a weather monitoring system for handling and storing the sensor data stream in real-time in order to support continuous spatial and/or temporal queries. In our system, we exploit two time-based insertion methods to store the sensor data stream and reduce the number of managed tuples, without losing any of the raw data which are useful for queries, by using the sensors’ temporal attributes. In addition, we offer a method for reducing the cost of the join operations used in processing spatiotemporal queries by filtering out a list of irrelevant sensors from query range before making a join operation. In the results of the performance evaluation, the number of tuples obtained from the data stream is reduced by about 30% in comparison to a naïve approach, thereby decreasing the query execution time.
A Novel Integrated Multifunction Micro-Sensor for Three-Dimensional Micro-Force Measurements
Authors: Wang Weizhong , Zhao Yulong , Qin Yafei
Published: March 2012

An integrated multifunction micro-sensor for three-dimensional micro-force precision measurement under different pressure and temperature conditions is introduced in this paper. The integrated sensor consists of three kinds of sensors: a three-dimensional micro-force sensor, an absolute pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. The integrated multifunction micro-sensor is fabricated on silicon wafers by micromachining technology. Different doping doses of boron ion, placement and structure of resistors are tested for the force sensor, pressure sensor and temperature sensor to minimize the cross interference and optimize the properties. A glass optical fiber, with a ladder structure and sharp tip etched by buffer oxide etch solution, is glued on the micro-force sensor chip as the tactile probe. Experimental results show that the minimum force that can be detected by the force sensor is 300 nN; the lateral sensitivity of the force sensor is 0.4582 mV/μN; the probe length is linearly proportional to sensitivity of the micro-force sensor in lateral; the sensitivity of the pressure sensor is 0.11 mv/KPa; the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is 5.836 × 10−3 KΩ/°C. Thus it is a cost-effective method to fabricate integrated multifunction micro-sensors with different measurement ranges that could be used in many fields.
Role of Pemetrexed in Sdvanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, with Histology Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Al-Saleh K. , Quinton C. , Ellis P.M.
Published: March 2012

Purpose: Platinum-based regimens represent the standard first-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (SNCLC). However, newer data have established a role for pemetrexed in the treatment of this disease. Such data suggest that histology represents a determining factor in the selection of treatment. Methods: We undertook a systematic review of the literature for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of pemetrexed with that of other treatments in advanced SNCLC. Data and study quality were assessed according to published guidelines. Results: We identified five trials that compared pemetrexed with other treatments or with placebo. Overall survival for patients treated with pemetrexed was superior to that with other treatments: hazard ratio (HR): 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80 to 0.99. The survival benefit was limited to patients with non-squamous histology: hr: 0.82; 95% ci: 0.73 to 0.91. Pemetrexed was inferior to other chemotherapy options in patients with squamous histology: hr: 1.19; 95% ci: 0.99 to 1.43. Conclusions: Compared with other chemotherapy agents, pemetrexed is more effective for the treatment of SNCLC in patients with non-squamous histology.
Understanding and Overcoming Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer: Emerging Role of the Endothelin Axis
Authors: Bagnato A. , Rosanò L.
Published: March 2012

Epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality worldwide. [...]
Response to Second-Line Erlotinib in an EGFR Mutation-Negative Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Make No Assumptions
Authors: Karam I. , Melosky B.
Published: March 2012

Erlotinib—an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tki) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)—has commonly been used as a therapeutic option in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) patients in the second- or third-line treatment setting. A mutation in the EGFR gene (EGFR M+) confers an increased response to this class of drugs. In the first-line setting, use of tkis is restricted to patients having a mutation. The importance of this biomarker has been questioned in subsequent treatment lines. Here, we report a case showing a positive response to erlotinib treatment in the second-line setting. The patient, an elderly male smoker with stage iv nsclc, had a tumour that was EGFR mutation-negative (wild-type EGFR). Based on this clinical case, we discuss the controversy concerning the need for, and impact of, testing for EGFR mutation after first-line treatment.
egfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer: Make No Assumptions
Authors: Melosky B.
Published: March 2012

The systemic treatment options and algorithm for stage iv non-small-cell lung cancer have changed tremendously since 2005, leading to improved survival and quality of life for this group of patients [...]
Challenges in Knowledge Translation: The Early Years of Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care
Authors: Browman G.P.
Published: March 2012

Background: Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care (pebc) was formalized in 1997 to produce clinical practice guidelines for cancer management for the Province of Ontario. At the time, the gap between guideline development and implementation was beginning to be acknowledged. The Program implemented strategies to promote use of guidelines. Methods: The program had to overcome numerous social challenges to survive. (1) Prospective strategies useful to practitioners—including participation, transparent communication, a methodological vision, and methodology skills development offerings—were used to create a culture of research-informed oncology practice within a broad community of practitioners. (2) Reactive strategies ensured the survival of the program in the early years, when some within the influential academic community and among decision-makers were skeptical about the feasibility of a rigorous methodologic approach meeting the fast turnaround times necessary for policy. Results: The paper details the pebc strategies within the context of what was known about knowledge translation (kt) at the time, and it tries to identify key success factors. Conclusions: Many of the barriers faced in the implementation of kt—and the strategies for overcoming them—are unavailable in the public domain because the relevant reporting does not fit the traditional paradigm for publication. Telling the “stories behind the story” should be encouraged to enhance the practice of kt beyond the science.
Synthesis of fluorinated maltose derivatives for monitoring protein interaction by 19F NMR
Authors: Braitsch Michaela , Kählig Hanspeter , Kontaxis Georg , Fischer Michael , Kawada Toshinari , Konrat Robert , Schmid Walther
Published: March 2012

A novel reporter system, which is applicable to the 19F NMR investigation of protein interactions, is presented. This approach uses 2-F-labeled maltose as a spy ligand to indirectly probe protein–ligand or protein–protein interactions of proteins fused or tagged to the maltose-binding protein (MBP). The key feature is the simultaneous NMR observation of both 19F NMR signals of gluco/manno-type-2-F-maltose-isomers; one isomer (α-gluco-type) binds to MBP and senses the protein interaction, and the nonbinding isomers (β-gluco- and/or α/β-manno-type) are utilized as internal references. Moreover, this reporter system was used for relative affinity studies of fluorinated and nonfluorinated carbohydrates to the maltose-binding protein, which were found to be in perfect agreement with published X-ray data. The results of the NMR competition experiments together with the established correlation between 19F chemical shift data and molecular interaction patterns, suggest valuable applications for studies of protein–ligand interaction interfaces.
Studies in Pediatric Hearing Loss at the House Research Institute
Authors: Eisenberg Laurie S. , Johnson Karen C. , Martinez Amy S. , Visser-Dumont Leslie , Ganguly Dianne Hammes , Still Jennifer F.
Published: March 2012

Three clinical research projects are described that are relevant to pediatric hearing loss. The three projects fall into two distinct areas. The first area emphasizes clinical studies that track developmental outcomes in children with hearing loss; one project is specific to cochlear
implants and the other to hearing aids. The second area addresses speech perception test development for very young children with hearing loss. Although these two lines of research are treated as separate areas, they begin to merge as new behavioral tests become useful in developing protocols
for contemporary studies that address longitudinal follow-up of children with hearing loss.
Cochlear Implantation Updates: The Dallas Cochlear Implant Program
Authors: Tobey Emily A. , Britt Lana , Geers Ann , Loizou Philip , Loy Betty , Roland Peter , Warner-Czyz Andrea , Wright Charles G.
Published: March 2012

This report provides an overview of many research projects conducted by the Dallas Cochlear Implant Program, a joint enterprise between the University of Texas at Dallas, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children’s Medical Center. The studies extend our
knowledge of factors influencing communication outcomes in users of cochlear implants. Multiple designs and statistical techniques are used in the studies described including both cross sectional and longitudinal analyses. Sample sizes vary across the studies, and many of the samples represent
large populations of children from North America. Multiple statistical techniques are used by the team to analyze outcomes. The team has provided critical information regarding electrode placement, signal processing, and communication outcomes in users of cochlear implants.
Antiviral Activity of Fnc, 2′-Deoxy-2′-β-Fluoro-4′-Azidocytidine, against Human and Duck HBV Replication
Authors: Zheng Liyun , Wang Qiang , Yang Xiaorui , Guo Xiaohe , Chen Lu , Tao Le , Dong Lihong , Li Yujiang , An Haoyun , Yu Xuejun , Wang Qingduan , Chang Junbiao
Published: March 2012

Background

New drugs are needed to combat HBV infection. We investigated the anti-HBV activity of the deoxycytidine analogue FNC, which has anticancer activity and has been found to inhibit HCV replication.

Methods

In this study, a human hepatoma HepG2.2.15 cell culture system and duck HBV (DHBV) infection model were used as the in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate the anti-HBV activity of FNC.

Results

In the cell model, FNC effectively suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% effective concentration values of 0.037 μM for hepatitis B surface antigen and 0.044 μM for hepatitis B e antigen on day 9. Consistent with the HBV antigen reduction, FNC also reduced the HBV DNA level by 92.31% and 93.90% intracellularly and extracellularly, respectively. DHBV DNA levels were markedly reduced after treatment with the FNC at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg•day dosages. The inhibition rate of FNC at the dose of 2.0 mg/ kg•day reached 91.68% and 81.96%, in duck serum and liver, respectively, on day 10. Furthermore, significant liver histology restoration after FNC treatment was observed, as evaluated by the histopathological analysis.

Conclusions

FNC can evidently inhibit the replication of HBV in the HepG2.2.15 cell line in vitro and inhibits DHBV replication in ducks in vivo. It could be potentially developed into a new anti-HBV drug.
Tensiones de contacto por el método de elementos finitos del acero AISI 1045 endurecido por rodillo
Authors: Fernández-Columbié T. , Rodríguez-González I. , Alcántara-Borges D. , Fernández-Guilarte E.
Published: March 2012

En el trabajo se analiza el estado tenso-deformacional mediante la simulación por el método de los elemento finitos del acero AISI 1045 deformado en frío empleando rodillo simple, para ello se utilizó el software ANSYS V.10. En el proceso de deformación se consideran las variables número de revolución, la fuerza compresiva y el avance de la herramienta, lo que permitió determinar las tensiones de contacto del material deformado. El diámetro del material empleado fue de 30 mm con una longitud de 100 mm. Para la observación de la microscopía óptica, se prepararon muestras de 30 mm de diámetro por 3 mm de espesor, las que fueron comparadas con los resultados obtenidos de la simulación. El estado tensional de las muestras deformadas se evaluó a partir de la reducción del tamaño promedio de los granos según la fuerza empleada. Con el desarrollo del trabajo se trata de demostrar que el empleo del método de endurecimiento en frío es una alternativa de endurecimiento superficial.
Taladrado por fricción en aceros de doble fase
Authors: Nardi D. , López de Lacalle L. N. , Lamikiz A.
Published: March 2012

En este trabajo se expone un estudio del proceso de taladrado por fricción en chapas de diferentes aceros de doble fase (DP), con límites elásticos variables desde 600 hasta 800 MPa. Se realiza una evaluación de las condiciones óptimas de mecanizado en función del material y el espesor empleado, variando las velocidades de giro y los avances de penetración. Al mismo tiempo se monitoriza el par y la fuerza axial resultante, analizando además el espesor de la rebaba en distintas profundidades, es decir, las tolerancias dimensionales generadas por el proceso. Otro punto de interés es la medición de la temperatura alcanzada durante el proceso como consecuencia de la fricción, ya que la cantidad de calor absorbido por la pieza puede influir en las transformaciones microestructurales que el material experimenta. Esta afectación térmica puede transformar las propiedades mecánicas del material en las cercanías del agujero y en la rebaba.
Proceso de microencapsulación de mercurio líquido mediante tecnología de estabilización/solidificación con azufre polimérico. Parte I: Caracterización de materiales
Authors: López-Delgado A. , López F. A. , Alguacil F. J. , Padilla I. , Guerrero A.
Published: March 2012

Resumen Las Directivas Europeas consideran al mercurio una sustancia de peligrosidad prioritaria debido a sus efectos adversos sobre la salud humana y sobre el medio ambiente. En respuesta a estas preocupaciones ambientales, y dentro del Programa Europeo LIFE, se ha desarrollado un proceso de microencapsulación como una opción al almacenamiento a largo plazo del mercurio. Con este proceso se obtiene un material estable, tipo concreto, de matriz de azufre que permite la inmovilización del mercurio. El producto final, en forma de un bloque sólido, contiene hasta un 30 % de Hg, presenta excelentes propiedades mecánicas (resistencia a la compresión 53-61 MPa, y a la flexión 7-10 MPa), baja porosidad (0,57 % PHe), muy bajo volumen total de poro (0,63 x 10-2 cm3 g-1) y una permeabilidad extremadamente baja (coeficiente de absorción de agua por capilaridad 0,07 g cm-2). Las características de toxicidad determinadas mediante los ensayos de lixiviación indican una concentración de mercurio en los lixiviados muy por debajo de los límites (< 0,2 mg L-1) establecidos por la Normativa de Restricción de Disposición de Residuos en el Suelo de EE.UU (US EPA Land Disposal Restrictions, LDRs). También se han determinado las emisiones de vapor de mercurio en los productos finales obteniéndose valores más bajos que en muestras de cinabrio y metacinabrio.
Proceso de microencapsulación de mercurio líquido mediante tecnología de estabilización/solidificación con azufre polimérico. Parte II: Durabilidad de los materiales
Authors: López-Delgado A. , Guerrero A. , López F. A. , Pérez C. , Alguacil F. J.
Published: March 2012

Dentro del Programa Europeo LIFE, se ha desarrollado un proceso de microencapsulación de mercurio liquido, utilizando la tecnología de estabilización/solidificación con azufre polimérico (SPSS). Como resultado se ha obtenido un material estable tipo concreto que permite la inmovilización de mercurio y su almacenamiento a largo plazo. La descripción del proceso y la caracterización de los materiales obtenidos, denominados concretos Hg-S, se detallan en la Parte I. El presente trabajo, Parte II, incluye los resultados de los diferentes ensayos realizados para determinar la durabilidad de las muestras de concreto Hg-S con un contenido de mercurio de hasta el 30 %. Se han utilizado diferentes métodos de ensayo estándar, UNE y RILEM, para determinar propiedades como la absorción de agua por capilaridad, la permeabilidad de agua a baja presión, la resistencia a álcali y ácido, el comportamiento en niebla salina, y la resistencia al hielo-deshielo y al fuego. Las muestras presentaron una capilaridad extremadamente baja y una resistencia alta tanto a álcali como a ácido. También mostraron una elevada resistencia en condiciones ambientales muy agresivas como niebla salina, hielo-deshielo y humedad-sequedad.
Effects of Capture by Trammel Net on Colorado River Native Fishes
Authors: Hunt Teresa A. , Ward David L. , Propper Catherine R. , Gibb Alice C.
Published: March 2012

Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25°C. Fish (139–288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25°C was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes.
Organic Pretreatment of Recycled Aggregates of Rural Construction Waste
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Yao , Wang Xu Ming , Liu Run Qing
Published: March 2012

Through using acetic acid resin, asphalt and urea resin organic pretreatment methods to pretreat the surface of rural construction waste, and testing of crush index and water absorption rate of recycled coarse aggregate after pretreatment, the research for the influence of organic pretreatment technology on physical and mechanical performance of recycled coarse aggregate. The results prove that organic infiltrating pretreatment technology can effectively enhance the density of the coarse aggregate and decrease the crush of recycled coarse aggregate index, in a certain extent. The crush index of recycled coarse aggregates after organic pretreatment decreases at almost 17.63%, what’s more, organic pretreatment technology can decrease the water absorption rate of coarse aggregate by a large margin. The water absorption rate of coarse aggregate can be reduced to a minimum of 2.03% which closes to the level of natural aggregates. Because of urea resin solidified into film at fast speed, high integrity and high wear resistance, and relatively cheap, urea resin’s pretreatment effects on recycled coarse aggregates is better than acetic acid resin and asphalt.
Fracture Resistance of Inter-Joined Zirconia Abutment of Dental Implant System with Injection Molding Technique
Authors: Liu Guang Yuan , Wang Ke , Wang Da Shan , Yang Jian Jun
Published: March 2012

Objectives: Zirconia powder in nanometers can be fabricated into inter-joined abutment of detal implant system with the injection shaping technique. This study was to detect the resistance of inter-joined zirconia abutment with different angle loading for clinical applications. Materials and Methods: The inter-joined abutments were shaped with the technique of injection of zirconia powder in nanometers. Sixty 0sstem GSⅡ5.0mm×10mm implants were used with 30 zirconia abutments and 30 0sstem GSⅡtitanium abutments for fixation using 40N torque force. The loading applications included 90°, 30°, 0° formed by the long axis of abutments and pressure head of universal test machine. The fracture resistances of zirconia and titanium abutments were documented and analyzed. Results: The inter-joined zirconia abutments were assembled to the 0sstem GSⅡimplants succssfully. In the 90° loading mode, the fracture resistance of zirconia abutment group and titanium abutment group were 301.46±15.38N、736.36±120.10N respectively. And those in the 30°groups were 434.66±36.07N、1073.12±73.96N correspondingly. Significant difference in the two groups was found through T Test. No damage on the abutments of the two groups but S-shaped bending on the implants was found when the 0° loading was 1300~2000N. Conclusions: Through the assembly of Zirconia abutments and implants, all the components presented sufficient resistance acquired for the clinical application under loadings with different angle.
Radiation Effect of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structure Irradiated by Electron
Authors: Zhang Jian Xin , Liu Jun Xing , Wan You Bao
Published: March 2012

×MOS structure has been radiated by electron, dosage is 2×1013 cm-2 ~ 1×1014 cm-2. The interface density distributing in energy band has been tested by quasi-static method. It is found that interface density increase while electron dosage increasing. When dosage arrived to 1×1014 cm-2, interface density arrives to 1013(cm-2eV-1),which is two order of magnitude higher than without irradiation. Further more, the shapes of density increase curve are completely different.
Surface Modification of Epoxy-Ceramic Coatings by Plasma Treatment
Authors: Yan Ai Jun , Feng La Jun , Shen Hong Yan , Wu Jian
Published: March 2012

A coating was made by electrostatic spraying of epoxy resin / TiO2 particles for the purpose of suppressing audible noise caused by corona discharge on high-voltage transmission lines. Wetting property of the coating was improved by oxygen plasma treatment. It was found that the coating became more wettable as the increase of TiO2 content during electrostatic spraying process. With respect to the coating for suppression of audible noise from transmission lines, the optimal mass ratio of TiO2 particles (diameter:5-10μm ) to epoxy resin was 30%, and the contact angle was 73°on the epoxy / TiO2 coating surface which could be reduced to less than 5°after oxygen plasma treatment for 20s.
The Study of Performance Evaluation of Alkylphenol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfosalt
Authors: Quan Hong Ping , Lu Hong Sheng , Dai Shan Shan , Zhang Tai Liang , Chen Shi Yuan , Yu Ya Lu
Published: March 2012

In this paper, the performance of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfosalt that were specially APESO and AESO was evaluated from CMC, interfacial tension, foamability and adsorption. Then these features were analyzed at different conditions, including temperature, time and concentration.
Study on Catalytic Oxidatio Benzaldehyde to Benzoic Acid with Keggin Polyoxometalate [(CH2)5NH2]4SiW12O40
Authors: Ding Yuan Sheng , Lu Fei , Han Xin Bao
Published: March 2012

The organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst [(CH2)5NH2]4SiW12O40 was prepared by matrix acid and piperidine. The matrix acid was synthesized by sodium molybdate and sodium silicate, and the piperidine was organic ligand. The proposed composition and structure of the catalyst were evidenced by XPS, FT-IR, XRD, TG-DTA and elemental analysis. The results indicated that the heteropoly anions still reserved their Keggin structure in the compound. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid. Various reaction parameters were changed to attain the optimal conditions. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: n(catalyst): n(benzaldehyde)=3.1×10-3:1; n(H2O2)： n(benzaldehyde)=4.5：1; reaction temperature was 80°C; reaction time was 4h. The yield of benzoic acid achieved above 85%.
Research on the Affective Factors on Passive Film of Atmospheric Tower 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Chen Bing , Wu Changjiang , Fan Yu Guang , Feng Bin
Published: March 2012

On condition that the surface of 304 stainless steel has formed passive film, we have done research on the impact that the change of concentration of Cl- and Na+, the temperature, pH of Na+, on 304 stainless steel properties. This experiment is preceded studied with electrochemical method. The results show that along with the increase of temperature, pH improves the repairing capacity of passive film on the surface of 304 stainless steel. However, its stability decreases. Meantime, the pitting corrosion will happen become easier, when the repairing capacity of passive film and stability have been weakened because of the concentration of Na+, Cl- increases.
Numerical Simulation of the Curing and Cooling in Reaction Injection Molding Process of Nylon 6
Authors: Deng Xin , Li Du Xin , Chen Jian Shan , Yang Su Wen
Published: March 2012

A computer simulation model was established to analyze the curing and cooling of reaction injection molding process of nylon 6 based on theory of balance equation of energy, reaction kinetics and crystallization kinetics. The reasonable assumptions and simplifications were introduced in the model, and an explicit finite difference method with MATLAB software was applied to calculate and predict the conversion and temperature distribution within a plate type mold. The results show that the center position reaches the peak temperature about 45s. The effects of the feed temperature, wall temperature, and reaction rate constant on the temperature and conversion were discussed for searching the optimum processing conditions. The results suggests that the effect of reactive rate on crystallization, molecular weight and phase structure is decided by the value of reaction constant; the influence of the mold wall temperature on reactive rate and temperature near the boundary was great; and the control of feed temperature is important in condition of low mold temperature.
Development of a Phenolic Resin-Bonded CBN Wheel for Precision Grinding of Ferrous Materials
Authors: Chen Jian Lin , Wan Long
Published: March 2012

A phenolic resin-bonded cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheel was designed and manufactured for precision grinding ferrous materials. The resin was determined to be a linear phenolic resin pre-polymer added with hexamethylenetetramine by infrared spectrum and the curing reaction, which characterized by an exothermic peak at about 180°C with release of NH3, was analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetry. Based on thermal analysis, a hot press forming process and a post thermal treatment were employed for fabricating the resin-bonded CBN wheel. Grinding experiment results showed that normal grinding forces vary from 7 to 11 N and fluctuate slightly with 1~2 N. The grinding ratio of 585 and the surface roughness of 0.18 μm were obtained under an appropriate grinding condition.
Excess Heat Production in a D-Pd Gas-Solid System
Authors: Lu Xin , Tian Jian , Jin Li Hong , Shen Bing Jun , Wang Hong Yu
Published: March 2012

Evidence of some excess heat triggered by electric current and pressure change in a D-Pd system and details of the calorimetric measurements were reported in this paper. The system produced an excess energy of about 80MJ in 83 hours, which was corresponding to 1.8×104eV for each palladium atom. The results of SEM and EDS implied that there might be a nuclear reaction in the exothermic process.
The Study of Synthesis of Double Head Viscoelastic Surfactant of Type C12
Authors: Dai Shan Shan , Lu Hong Sheng , Zhang Tai Liang , Qu Shan Shan , Yu Ya Lu
Published: March 2012

By the methods of amidation and quaterisation, a surfactant, double head viscoelastic surfactant (VES) of type C12, was synthesized for the purpose of reducing the cost of preparation while improving the productivity of surfactant as much as possible. The corresponding conditions, including the choice of solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, ratio of materials and its charging time were studied in detail. Besides, the chemical structure of the intermediate and the final product were certified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Processing and Properties of Plate 3D Braided Material Based on Space Group P¯3 Symmetry
Authors: Ma Wen Suo , Xu Chuang , Li Kai , Zhang Ling Ling
Published: March 2012

A novel geometry structure of unit cell was deduced by using the point group S6 corresponding to symmetry operations. Based on the symmetry of space group P3, a new 3D braided material was obtained by transforming the new unit cell symmetrically. The plate processing corresponding to this geometry structure was studied. The fiber volume percentage and its variation tendency of the 3D braided material were predicted through establishing mathematical model.
Self-Assembled Graphene for Determination of Catechol in Wastewater at Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Chen Mei Feng , Ma Xin Ying , Li Xia
Published: March 2012

Graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode was made by dropping. In phosphate-citric acid buffered saline, the modified electrode was shown to possess an excellent selective electrocatalytical effect on the redox of catechol, and further used to determine catechol in the presence of resorcin and hydroquinone by cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation peak currents Ipa showed a linear relationship with the concentrations (c) of catechol in the range of 2.97×10-7 mol•L-1~9.31×10-6 mol•L-1 and 9.31×10-6 mol•L-1~1.03×10-4 mol•L-1 with a correlation coefficient as follows: Ipa1(A)= -4.10×10-6-2.31c, R=0.Superscript text9971; Ipa2 (A) =-1.50×10-5-0.60c, R=0.9953, respectively, and the detection limit is 2.50×10-8 mol•L-1. The modified electrode is high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and has been successfulSuperscript textly applied to analyzing catechol in wastewater.
Bending Solid Elastic Waves with Arbitrary Angles by Bricks
Authors: Hu Jin , Lu Xiang Yang
Published: March 2012

Transformation method provides an efficient way to control wave propagation by materials. Recently, this method has been extended to control elastic waves in solids in case of high frequency or small material gradient. An important device in practice, elastodynamic beam bender with isotropic materials, can be designed by this method. In this paper, we will explore some characteristics of the isotropic elastodynamic beam bender and show that it can be used as bricks to guide the solid elastic beam to arbitrary angles, providing more flexibility in engineering practices. Examples are conceived and validated by numerical simulations.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Plasma Sprayed HA/ZrO2 Bioceramic Coating
Authors: Bao Yu Mei , Wu Lei , Weng Li Jie
Published: March 2012

Preparation and mechanical property measurement methods of bioceramic coating are introduced. HA/ZrO2 composite coating was prepared in the titanium alloy substrate with Plasma spraying equipment, and its bonding strength was measured. The influence of process parameters on bonding strength of plasma-sprayed HA/ZrO2 composite coating is simulated with computing software Mathematica and optimized.
Analysis on Low Frequency Noise Induced by Spring Floating Slab
Authors: Li Li , Tian Ye , Geng Chuan Zhi
Published: March 2012

Floating slab track is a quality-spring vibration isolation system, which is the most effective ways to reduce the ground vibration and noise transmission. However it has other disadvantages, such as there is low frequency noise problem like "gu long gu long" in the carriage when the train runs across steel floating slab track (FST) area. According to this phenomenon, this paper compared the two different bearing floating slab noise data, studied their dynamic characteristics under train loads. From the isolation principle and noise radiation theory, explained the reasons causing the phenomenon and put forward relevant suggestions.
Analytical Approach for Describing Solid-State Phase Transformation
Authors: Jiang Yi Hui , Sun Bao , Liu Feng
Published: March 2012

A general analytical phase transformation model has been proposed and successfully applied to describe the crystallization of amorphous alloys. The “additivity rule” is proved to be compatible with the analytical model; the effects of anisotropic growth based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is reinterpreted using the analytical approach; and an improved temperature integral is also proved to be compatible with the analytical model. Kinetic analysis basing on the analytical model declares the transformation mechanism, e.g. nucleation, growth and impingement mode. On this basis, the kinetic behaviors of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of amorphous Zr50Al10Ni40are analyzed.