bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pushing the Academy: The Need for Decolonizing Research
Authors: Antoine Derek
Published: March 2017

With renewed interest for research involving Indigenous peoples, nations, and communities following the height of the Idle No More movement and, more recently, the release of the Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s final report, this research in brief argues that there is a need for researchers to recognize the history of the Western academy’s relationship with Indigenous peoples and its legacy of contributing to colonization. As a result, communication scholarship should seek to embrace and even privilege Indigenous knowledges in research, when appropriate, and accept research goals of Indigenous social justice based on decolonizing methodologies. The collaborative nature of research means that there is ample opportunity to speak up when research fails to include Indigenous ways of knowing.
Reliable and easy method for converting geodetic rectangular coordinates into curvilinear ones
Authors: Ogorodova L.V.
Published: March 2017

It is stated that any method for converting geodetic rectangular coordinates into curvilinear ones is impossible without iterations. A defect of «non-iteration» methods is emphasized. The three variants of converting of coordinate Z are considered. The accent is made of the fact that any formula for tangent of latitude in every variants is equivalent. The formulas of errors of height and latitude are derived. The errors of height are less sensitive to errors of latitude. The method for joint (combined) calculation with other methods is compared. Advantage of the algorithm for joint (combined) calculation of the geodetic latitude and height is shown. An example of calculation of height and latitude for the points on the Earth’s surface by the new method is given.
GIS-modeling of landscape sites and elementary catchments for the assessment of potential biodiversity in the Far East forest zone
Authors: Kolbovskiy E.J. , Esipova E. S.
Published: March 2017

The article describes the experience of landscape sites (geotopes) and elementary watersheds modeling with the ARCMAP tools for determination of valuable forests in poorly studied areas of the Russian Far East. The authors substantiate the possibility and expediency of simultaneous use of two different matrices which represents various properties of land cover – geostationary landscape sites matrix and geodynamic river basins matrix. Biodiversity is determined by the landscape heterogeneity. Landscape units – geotops – can be calculate/obtained via geomorphometry-and-landform tools in GIS software. Elementary river basin is functional unit of the landscape, providing its integrity with the transfer of matter and energy. Hydrological tools in GIS can implement the watershed modeling. Modeling involves a number of consecutive and interconnected operations. Choosing key factor of landscape differentiation via a tool «Landform Classification» for each geographic province. Primary geomorphology modeling – includes altitude levels, slope, aspect, plan and profile curvature, topographic index, height above the river, Euclidean distance to the river, flow direction, flow accumulation, stream raster. Secondary geomorphology modeling is a combination of primary rasters to obtain geotop network. Vegetation cover modeling consist of spatial imagery unsupervised classification for the generation of spectrally different vegetation classes. The final step – calculation of integrated (geotops and vegetation classes) diversity via Zonal statistic tool. The river basins with the highest potential level of biodiversity may be proposed for protection as one of the High Conservation Value Forests (HCVFs) categories.
Geodynamic systems (qualitative research rotational movements)
Authors: Mazurov B.T.
Published: March 2017

Geodetic data and their subsequent statistical analysis enable mathematical modeling and identifying the stress-deformed state of geodynamic systems in concern to the aspect of natural and man-made disasters prediction. Geodetic monitoring geodynamic processes is necessary for solving a number of scientific and practical tasks of geodesy i.e. expanding and maintaining the national geodetic network, studying changes in gravity field in time, using GNSS technology. Most important extension of research is mathematical modelling of geodynamic systems in a predictive order. To study the complex (nonlinear) geodynamic processes the appropriate mathematical framework should be selected. Here are theoretical foundations for studying rotation movements of the earth’s surface. A mathematical model of rotary circular structures of the Earth was mentioned. There are mathematical models explaining the nature of sudden global, regional and some local geodynamic processes. They are based on differences in temporal and spatial scales, of geodynamic systems. Theoretical bases of description rotational motions on a plane by a system of differential equations were considered. Some examples of integral curves were given. They can be qualitative characteristics of geodynamic systems. In many cases, a similar trajectory corresponds to the rotational horizontal movements of the earth’s surface.
Questions on measurements of the Earth’s crustal strain on the basis of GPS data on geodynamic moves of plates after earthquakes
Authors: Ganiyeva S.A. , Mehdiyev J.T.
Published: March 2017

It is well-known that strong shallow earthquakes are usually accompanied with series of aftershocks which can be explained by non-complete removal of strains, collected in the center during the main shock. But in some cases after some time interval the repeated strong earthquake happens in the same place. There are different versions for such repeated earthquakes. It is obvious, that all existing versions require presence or accumulation of strain in the active zone after the main shock which stress out the actuality of development of theoretical and methodological basics for assessment of strains on the basis of experimental data on plates motion. The importance of geodynamic research of remained strain at the Earth crust after strong earthquakes by way of calculation of remained strain on the basis of data plates is noted. It is shown, that utilization of GPS system for determination of shifts of plates could lead to error caused by shifts of GPS stations due to various causes.The consideration of the case where the non-stability of atmospheric pressure is a prevailing factor is reasoned. The related formulas for calculation of strain of the Earth crust on the basis of GPS measurements in the triangular network are given.
On possibility of utilization of side viewing radars for research of homogeneity of aerospace test plots
Authors: Abdurrahmanova I.D.
Published: March 2017

One of major properties of territories, designated for construction of aerospace test plots is homogeneity. In order to control the property of test plots homogeneity the statistic of Getis is widely used as its local indicator. If pixels on the object and its neighbors have similar high values the Getis statistics obtain a high value and vice versa a low one. In the article the process of reception the radars’ signal in the plane-parallel model of meteorological object is considered. The surface of the test plot may be taken as such a model. The condition of implementing a side viewing radar for obtaining the remote sensing data on rectangular grid for control of test plot on homogeneity using the Getis statistics is determined. It is shown that by selection of appropriate angle of slope the information from the test plot can be received by equal steps. In this case the homogeneity property of test plots are to be determined by help of Getis statistics on the basis of remote sensing data obtained on rectangular grid. The possibility for utilization of side viewing radars for obtaining the remote sensing data from rectangular grid at the test plot surface for further application of Getis statistics is researched.
Optimum prediction of atmospheric temperature using GPS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Javadov N.H. , Eminov R.A. , Ismailov N.Ya.
Published: March 2017

The matters of optimum forecasting atmospheric temperature using GPS radio occultation measurements are considered. The analysis of the available data regarding to the comparison of temperature measurements using radio occultation method and radiosondes was made. As a result it was concluded that the mean value of those results’ difference and also the mean quadratic deviation of these difference increases in common by increase of the forecasting time. In order to prevent surplus loading of telemetry channels and broadcasting inaccurate forecast values via them the optimization of general procedure of radio occultation temperature measurements are carried out using fine functions method. For optimization the concurrent parameters, changing on antiphase order are determined. It is found out that utilization of fine function method taking into account the applied optimization criterion and some limitation conditions make it possible to optimize the whole procedure of forecasting atmospheric temperature using the GPS radio occultation measurements.
On the establishment of an unified global rectangular coordinates for the whole of Russia
Authors: Matveev S.I. , Matveev A.S.
Published: March 2017

This article deals with the problem of creating unitary global space orthogonal geocentric coordinatesystem throughout Russia on the base of a geoid. This problem arose on Resolution of The Russian Federation Government. The point is that geodesic coordinates B, L and H are acceptable for moving and navigation of transport, but orthogonal coordinates X and Y are in the equatorial plane and have nothing to do with designing and construction. Adaptive systems unite global orthogonal coordinates. That is why the authors set the goal of using polyhedral projections. All maps compiled and used in Russian cartographic Gauss and Crueger projection could be attributed to that. For many border squares errors will be very little. The authors used very little borders 20 by 20 km and the known topo-centric methods. As a result they create an adaptive system of unitary global orthogonal coordinates.
Impact of plumb location on the determination accuracy of chimney heeling by photographic method
Authors: Raskatkina O.V.
Published: March 2017

There is a method of using the corded plumb as vertical reference straight line, located in front of the objective of a digital photocamera in the article. When we take picture of the object under study, there will be this straight line in the photo, from which we can carry out all necessary measurements in the Paint system with the following conversion them into metric system. All possible variants of location of the reference straight line relative to it axis are considered by the example of the construction of the tower round shape and it is shown a method of heeling calculation by image processing results. Experimental research to determine the degree of influence of plumb location in the photo relative to it axe on the accuracy of the heeling determination was carried out by shooting the brick chimney with the 30 metres height when the plumb is located on the chimney axis and on different distance from the left and right of the axis. It is set in the result that the plumb location has influence on the accuracy of heeling determination. The optimal location is on the centre of the top section of the chimney and there is shown the method of accounting corrections due to inaccurate location.
Formation of ecological and ethical principles and requirements in the preparation of specialists in the sphere of land management and the inventory
Authors: Sizov A.P. , Miklashevskaya O.V.
Published: March 2017

Work on land management and cadastre as engineering works include a number of technological processes. In the process of training of specialists of land management and cadastre within the framework of engineering education and in their production activities must rely on complex ecological and ethical principles and requirements. Showing the possible solutions to this problem when updating the GEF to direct «Land Management and Cadastre», the development of professional standards and the preparation of local regulations. The next task is to ensure proper monitoring of compliance with ecological and ethical principles and requirements in the cadastre and land management areas.
Earth's gravity field parameters determination by the space geodesy dynamical approach
Authors: Sorokin N.A
Published: March 2017

The method of the geopotential parameters determination with the use of the gradiometry data is considered. The second derivative of the gravitational potential in the correction equation on the rectangular coordinates x, y, z is used as a measured variable. For the calculated value of the measured quantity required for the formation of a free member of the correction equation, the the Cunningham polynomials were used. We give algorithms for computing the second derivatives of the Cunningham polynomials on rectangular coordinates x, y, z, which allow to calculate the second derivatives of the geopotential at the rectangular coordinates x, y, z.Then we convert derivatives obtained from the Cartesian coordinate system in the coordinate system of the gradiometer, which allow to calculate the free term of the correction equation. Afterwards the correction equation coefficients are calculated by differentiating the formula for calculating the second derivative of the gravitational potential on the rectangular coordinates x, y, z. The result is a coefficient matrix of the correction equations and corrections vector of the free members of equations for each component of the tensor of the geopotential. As the number of conditional equations is much more than the number of the specified parameters, we go to the drawing up of the system of normal equations, from which solutions we determine the required corrections to the harmonic coefficients.
Gastritis nodular: Imagen endoscópica de la infección
Authors: Trakal J. , Trakal E. , Butti A. , Zárate F. , Armando L.
Published: March 2017

Se ha observado en la endoscopia de pacientes con HP un patrón mucoso con un aspecto de piel de
ganso o empedrado, que se denomina gastritis nodular. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el aspecto
nodular endoscópico del estómago y la presencia del Helicobacter pylori en el estudio histopatológico, en
nuestros pacientes sometidos a videoendoscopia diagnóstica alta, en la ciudad de Córdoba. Material y
métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional de pacientes consecutivos entre Agosto de 2004 y Junio
de 2006. Fueron sometidos a endoscopia, por diversos síntomas relacionados con patología digestiva del
tracto superior 1207 pacientes utilizando la clasificación endoscópica de gastritis de Sydney System.
Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 1207 (n=1207) pacientes, de los cuales 440/1207 (36.45%) eran
hombres y 767/1207 (63.55%) eran mujeres. La edad promedio global fue de 46.32 años. De los
pacientes, 851/1207 (70.51%) fueron positivos para HP (prevalencia en nuestro medio 70.51%).
Presentaron GN 204/1207 (16.90%) pacientes; del total de pacientes que presentaban GN 172/204
(84.31%) fueron positivos para HP. La sensibilidad (S) de la GN para la detección del HP fue del
20.2%±2.6% para IC 95%, la especificidad (E) fue del 91%±3.4% para IC 95%, el valor predictivo positivo
(VPP) de 84.3%±5.6% para IC 95%, el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 32.3%±2.8% para IC 95%.
Conclusión: La visión endoscópica del aspecto nodular del estómago es de alta especificidad para la
detección del Helicobacter pylori.
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI NEMATODA SISTA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Heterodera zeae) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Baliadi Yuliantoro
Published: March 2017

Identification of nematode species is the first step in the resolution of major nematological problems. Accurate identification of maize cyst nematode species is essential for more detailed research, particularly for it control measure. Although morphological observations by using the key characters of each nematode are suitable for identification purposes, the cyst nematodes could not be clearly identified based on it due to the wide variations. For the identification of the cyst nematode species, key characters relating to body surface, head, mouth, esophagus, tail as well as habitat and feeding habits was used in the present examination. Procedures for the permanent and temporary preparations of nematodes were used. The nematode specimens were observed under the microscope to confirm the key characters. Results of measurements and descriptions revealed that the cyst nematode collected from maize roots in Madura island have the same ambifenestrate as that of Heterodera zeae. The underbridge is short and thin and there is two layer of bullae arrangement in vulval cone, the first layer with four finger-like bullae located immediately below the underbridge and the second layer very randomly located below the first one. These characteristics are of H. zeae. These complete of morphological identifications are a new report of H. zeae in Indonesia.
PENGARUH STRESOR FISIK TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI SERT DAN INDEKS APOPTOSIS NEURON HIPOKAMPUS, SERTA DISTRIBUSI TNF-a GASTER TIKUS, DENGAN MEDIASI KORTISOL DAN IL–6
Authors: Suparno Suparno
Published: March 2017

Generally, distress which followed by psychiatric disorders still more medicinal practice controversial especially physically stressor roles on holistic health condition. Therefore, researches still more needed to explain and clarify the influences and the role of physically stressors on psychiatric disorders. This study used an psychoneuroimmunologic paradigm, which used posttest-only true experiment design for the research. About 24 female Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar had been used, they were devided into six groups. To investigate functional changes, we had been used hippocampus SERT distribution changes as mirror of central serotonergic malfunction changes. While, to investigate structural changes we had been inspected apoptosis index of hippocampus CA3 regions (hippocampus slicing). We also took the blood from the rats heart to examinate IL–6 and cortisol level, and gastric tissues for TNF-a level examination. Physical stressors lead to arise functional and structural changes include hippocampus SERT distribution, increases hippocampus apoptotic index, and increases TNF-a level, that fi nally arise the distress. These results of statistical analyses demonstrate that physical stressors tend to be mediated by serotonergic neurotransmission pathway. This study also support assumptions that psychological stressors caused and or related with gastrical changes.
PENGUJIAN IN VITRO XILOOLIGOSAKARIDA SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PREBIOTIK
Authors: Zainuddin Asnia , Wasito Eddy Bagus , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri
Published: March 2017

The objectives of this study were to fi nd the in-vitro effect of xyloolygosaccharide on the cell count of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain, to identify the effect of xyloolygosaccharide on the production of lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid (short chain fatty acid = SCFA), and to prove the effect of xyloolygosaccharide on the change of pH value.This was a laboratory experimental study using complete randomized design with 4 treatments, i.e, MRS broth media added xyloolygosaccharide with concentrations of 0 percent (control), 1 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent, which were then inoculated with Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain and incubated for 6,12, 18, and 24 hours. The Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain cell count was counted using Drop plate. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using two way ANOVA with signifi cance level of 5 percent. The type and level of organic acids, i.e., lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (SCFA), formed in incubation time of 12 hours, were measured using gas chromatography and the change of pH value during incubation time was measured using pH paper. Results showed that xyloolygosaccharide addition MRS Broth media provided highly signifi cant interaction effect on the cell count of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (p less than 0.05). The result of gas chromatography showed that the addition of xyloolygosaccharide in MRS Broth media could increase Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain metabolism activity that produced lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. The reduction of pH value showed that the lowest pH value of 3.8 after the addition of 5 percent xyloolygosaccharide with incubation time of 24 hours. In conclusion, the addition of xyloolygosaccharide with concentrations of 1 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent in MRS Broth media with incubation periods of 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours can increase Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain cell count, increase the metabolism activity of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain, capable in producing SCFA in incubation time of 12 hours, and results in the reduction of pH value.
EKSPRESI SPERMATOGENESIS TIKUS PUTIH SETELAH INDUKSI DENGAN PROTEIN INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR–I COMPLEX PLASMA SEMINALIS KAMBING
Authors: Susilowati Suherni
Published: March 2017

The objective of this research was to analyzed the expression of spermatogenesis on white rat after inducted by Insulin Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Complex protein from goat seminal plasm. This research consisted of two phase. The fi rst phase was explorative laboratory experiment concerned with identification, isolation and spesifi cation IGF-I Complex by using gel Native Polyacrylamid gel electroforesis, electroelution and Western Blot. Result of gel Native PAGE indicated that of goat seminal plasm with Comassie Blue Stain consisted of seven bands. Result of Western Blot indicated that molecule of IGF-I Complex of goat seminal plasm to bound specific with anti IGF-I Complex at protein ribbon. The second phase concerned with expretion of spermatogenesis on white rat after induction with isolat of IGF-I Complex protein. Result of the expression spermatogenesis on white rat after induction IGF-I Complex to show the signifi cant different between three groups (p less than 0.05). From result above can be concluded that IGF-I Complex protein can increase the total of spermatocyte I and spermatocyte II.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK PULAU WAWONII
Authors: Sulistiarini Diah
Published: March 2017

An exploration and inventory of orchid plant was carried out in Wawonii Island, South-east Celebes. The aim of the study was to know about orchid diversity in the area, because no fi eld survey conducted since 1940. For that reason all orchid species fi nding were collected as life collection for planted in the Bogor Botanical Garden and dried collection for stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense. Ninety one orchid species were recorded and 36 species of them were new record of Celebes. Out of 1 species Trichoglottis javanica J. J. Sm. was recognized as endemic of Java. Five species orchid were endemic in Celebes, there are Bulbophyllum balapiuense J.J.Sm., Hyppeophyllum celebicum Schltr., Oberonia exaltata Schltr., Thrixspermum celebicum Schltr. and Malaxis lombasangensis (J.J.Sm.) S. Thomas Schut. and de Vogel.
NERACA EKOLOGI PENAMBANGAN TIMAH DI PULAU BANGKA Studi Kasus Pengalihan Fungsi Lahan di Ekosistem Darat
Authors: Nurtjahya Eddy , Agustina Fournita , Putri Wike Ayu Eka
Published: March 2017

Unequal understanding among tin mining stake holders on trade regulation often triggered social conflict and therefore it was suggested to build political will especially among national, provincial, and regencial/municipal government levels. One important effort to bring out political will is presenting an independent and scientific study on comparision between socio-economic and environmental impact of tin mining. Purposive sampling was conducted to inconventional miners at reserved forest at Lubuk Kelik hamlet, pepper farmers at Silip village, and rubber farmers at Bencah village. Tin mining changed soil properties and microclimate, reduced vegetation composition and structure, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate solubilizing microorganism, ants, and Collembola population. Land conversion increased and contributed up to 95% income. The welfare improvement, however, was apparent as the recovery cost was neglected by inconventional tin miners, and only pepper land conversion showed benefit. Inconventional tin mining regulation needs improvement in order to increase land use efficiency and recovery cost. Understanding on ecological balance of more people and for more sustainable social welfare should be improved as well.
PENGAWETAN ROTAN DIAMETER KECIL UNTUK BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI
Authors: Harsono Dwi
Published: March 2017

Penelitian pengawetan rotan secara rendaman dingin selama 1 jam dan 3 jam, dengan bahan pengawet asam borat dan boraks serta impralit CKB konsentrasi 3% dan 7% telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 jenis rotan diameter kecil, yaitu rotan anduru (Calamus pancijigus BECC), rotan tunggal (Calamus macroanta BECC), rotan sabut (Calamus mattanensis BECC) dan rotan udang semut (Korthalsia scaphigera MART). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan retensi bahan pengawet asam borat dan boraks berkisar antara 0,49 kg/cm3 – 0,87 kg/cm3. Secara umum, lama perendaman 1 jam dengan konsentrasi 7%, serta lama perendaman 3 jam dengan konsentrasi 3% cukup efektif terhadap serangan bubuk kering Lyctus brunneus karena toksisitas minimum boraks terhadap lyctus brunneus ± 0,64 kg/cm3. Adapun untuk penetrasi, seluruh perlakuan menghasilkan penetrasi 100%.
PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT POLIVINIL ACETAT (PVAc) DENGAN BAHAN PENGAWET BORAKS DAN IMPRALIT COPPER KHROM BORON (CKB)
Authors: Hamdi Saibatul
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan yaitu jenis kayu dan ukuran partikel yang diawetkan dengan boraks dan impralit copper khrom boron (impralit CKB) terhadap sifat papan partikel. Kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu kambang (Goniothalamus sp), kayu tarap (Artocarpus sp) dan kayu lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB), sedangkan perekatnya adalah polyvinil acetat (PVAc).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis kayu dan ukuran partikel yang digunakan. Nilai dari masing-masing parameter yang diukur adalah: retensi 5,80-17,43 kg/m3, kerapatan 0,64–0,69 gr/cm3, keteguhan lentur (MoR) 89,17–95,71 kgf/cm2, keteguhan lentur elastisitas (MoE) 0.933–0.117 kgf/cm2 dan keteguhan tarik berkisar 1,94–4,94 kgf/cm2. Dengan demikian, papan partikel yang dihasilkan, retensi dari bahan pengawet dan sifat fisik mekanisnya memenuhi persyaratan yang dipersyaratkan untuk Pengawetan Kayu Untuk Rumah dan Gedung  (SNI 03-3528-1994)  dan Papan Partikel  (SNI 03-2105-2006).
PENINGKATAN DAYA TAHAN RAMBAT API KAYU LAPIS DENGAN CARA PELABURAN NATRIUM SILIKAT PADA VENIR
Authors: Purwanto Djoko , Arhamsyah Arhamsyah
Published: March 2017

Guna memperbesar daya tahan rambat api pada kayu lapis, dilakukan pelaburan venir muka (face) dan belakang (back) menggunakan natrium silikat pada konsentrasi 30%, 40% dan 50% sebanyak 2 dan 4 kali ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pelaburan menggunakan natrium silikat dalam konsentrasi 50% sebanyak 4 kali ulangan menghasilkan nilai daya tahan rambat api yang terbaik atau rata-rata 68,08% dengan nilai retensi 0,13 gr/cm3, sedangkan kadar air dan keteguhan rekatnya  adalah 10,60% dan 9,74 kg/cm2. Hasil ini memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia 01-05.2/1999. Perlakuan tanpa pelaburan (blanko) menghasilkan nilai daya tahan rambat api rata-rata 28,95%, kadar air 10,83% dan keteguhan rekat 13,78 kg/cm2.
PENINGKATAN KENAMPAKAN SERAT DAN WARNA BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU KURANG DIKENAL UNTUK BAHAN MEBEL
Authors: Purwanto Djoko
Published: March 2017

Improved performance of fibers and colors some non commercial timber species for furniture two materials. This study used three types of non commercial wood were  Lua (Ficus glomevata Roxb), Tarap (Arthocarpus sp) and  Kambang (Goniothalamus sp). Finishing materials used Poly Urethane (PU), Nitro Cellulose (NC), and Antique Finish (AF). Number of spray to finishing material is one time and two times. Results showed that treatment of the finishing process using PU, NC and AF can increase the value of fiber and color performance is quite interesting and attractive, althouht it was decreasing of brightness a decrease in brightness of colors. Spraying of finishing materials one time and two times the power is not obtained by sticking a significant difference. The using of finishing materials to produce type PU adhesive power is better than NC and AF.Keywords: non commercial wood, fibre, colors
PENGGUNAAN JENIS PEREKAT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN PARTIKEL
Authors: Hamdi Saibatul , Arsad Effendi
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel kayu tarap ( Arthocarpus elasticus REINW ) yang direkat dengan Urea Formaldehyda (UF) atau Polivynil Asetat (PVAc). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel kayu tarap menggunakan perekat UF atau PVAc adalah kadar air 8,76-9,54%; kerapatan 0,54–0,69 gr/cm3; pengembangan tebal 10,15-10,27%; keteguhan patah (MoR) 89,32-105,49 kgf/cm2; keteguhan lentur elastisitas (MoE) 1,13-1,17.104 kgf/cm2; keteguhan tarik 2,82–4,72 kgf/cm2. Penggunaan perekat UF atau PVAc menghasilkan papan partikel yang memenuhi persyaratan untuk parameter uji tersebut diatas kecuali untuk keteguhan lentur elastisitas (MoE) mengacu SNI 03-2105-2006 papan partikel.
PENGARUH BAHAN AKTIVATOR PADA PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Setiawati Evi , Suroto Suroto
Published: March 2017

Penelitian mengenai pengaruh bahan aktivator pada pembuatan karbon aktif dari tempurung kelapa untuk keperluan industri telah dilakukan. Tempurung kelapa dibersihkan dan dipotong – potong, dan dikarbonisasi pada suhu 6000C selama 4 jam, lalu diayak dengan ukuran 30-60 mesh. Arang hasil karbonisasi direndam pada larutan NaCl, NaOH, H2SO4 sebagai bahan aktivator masing – masing dengan variasi konsentrasi sebesar 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%, selanjutnya arang diaktivasi pada suhu 5000C. Sifat yang diuji adalah kadar air, kadar abu, bagian yang hilang pada pemanasan 9500C, dan daya serap iodium. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi berbagai bahan aktivator berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakter karbon yang dihasilkan. Hasil terbaik diperoleh dari tempurung kelapa yang direndam dengan bahan aktivator NaCl 20% dengan karakter sebagai berikut: kadar air 4,88%, kadar abu 3,54%, bagian yang hilang pada pemanasan 9500C 14,63%, dan daya serap iodium 761,07 mg/g.
DAYA TAHAN ROTAN YANG DIAWETKAN DENGAN CUKA KAYU GALAM TERHADAP SERANGAN BUBUK Dinoderus minutus Farb.
Authors: Setiawati Evy
Published: March 2017

Rattan on frequently attacked by the powder post beetle (Tellu, 2001). The prevention of dry powder attacks is done by preservation. The increasing resistant of rattan from insect attack can be done by an environmentally friendly preservative, the Galam wood vinegar. This research  aims to determine the most effective concentration of preservative that shows the lowest attacks level of D. Farb minutus powder. The rattan used is green rattan (Calamus sp.) The concentration of preservative that are used:10%, 40%, 70% and 100%. The testing of dry powder attack  used force feedback method. The effectiveness test parameters of wood vinegar to dry powder attacks  included degree of protection Dinoderus minutus Farb. powder,  reduction percentage of rattan weight and the mortality of dry powder Dinoderus sp for toxicological testing of wood vinegar. The test results showed that the degree of protection powder in rattan growing along with the increased concentration of preservatives. The higher the concentration of  wood vinegar, the smaller the reduction of rattan weight and the higher the mortality rate of dry powder. Keywords: resistant of rattan, wood vinegar, Dinoderus minutus.
PEMBUATAN ROTARY MIXER UNTUK PENCAMPURAN PARTIKEL KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT
Authors: Firdaus Anhar
Published: March 2017

One of the important auxiliary processes in the wood processing industry, especially making particle board or fiberboard is gluing. Bonding process is influenced by the type of adhesive material, process and place of gluing, apart from the nature of the taped material. Until now, the adhesive material commonly used include synthetic adhesive Urea Formaldehyde (UF), Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) or Melamine Formaldehyde (MF).The rotary mixer is designed in a simple to mixing between partiket with glue that adhesion earns homogen. Rotary mixer has 5 (five) major units, namely: the framework tools (foundation), tubes mixing, mixer circuit, drive circuit and compressor. The working principle of this tool is stirring directly between the wood particles with adhesive. Material in the form of wood particles (after a specified weight) is inserted first into the mixing tube. Once the machine is turned on, a series of rotating stirrer will stir load (material particles). The next process is to insert adhesive into the tube, either by spraying or directly poured slowly little by little. Key wood : particles, adhesive, rotary mixer.
SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS BATANG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) DARI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Harsono Dwi
Published: March 2017

The aim to of this research is to know characters physical and mechanical characteristics of coconut wood based on 3 growth places (highland, coast and swamps) and the position of the coconut wood (tip, middle, and base). Besides that, to support the growth and the spreading of wood processing industry in South Borneo. They are two treatment factors that are used, the variation of growth places (highland, coast and swamps) and the variation of wood position (tip, middle, and base). Every combination of the treatments are repeated three times. The best Physical and mechanical characteristics of coconut wood is from highland and in the base part of the wood. The coconut wood can be used for structural wood.Keywords: coconut wood, physical characteristics, mechanic characteristics
POTENSI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL
Authors: Cahyana Budi Tri , Wahyudi Tejo
Published: March 2017

Aren (Arenga pinnata) is one of the plants that can be utilize as the raw material for bioetanol. The research of bioetanol producing used nira aren as raw material has been conducted by yeast of pure culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fermipan. The process is done by fermentation and distillation based on the duration of fermentation, concentration ratio of starter to the substrate by each type of yeast used. The result of research shows that the highest yield of bioetanol on pure culture fermentation as long 50 hours with 10 % concentration of starter, that is 14,9 %. The highest content of bioetanol is on  fermentation as long 75 hours with 5 % concentration of starter, that is 73,0 %. Fermentation with fermipan, the the highest yield and concentration of bioetanol  is at the fermentation as long 75 hours with the starter concentration of 15 %, that is                  10,1 % and 66,0 %.Keywords:  nira aren, saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermipan, starter concentration, output concentration of bioetanol
PEMANFAATAN BATANG KELAPA DAN KAYU KARET SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU GLULAM
Authors: Harsono Dwi
Published: March 2017

The research of coconut and rubber wood utilization as raw material for glulam has been done. This research aims to optimize the function of rubber wood and palm stem by the incorporation of technology and adhesion to wood products in the form of building construction materials. In addition, knowing the physical and mechanical properties of glulam based on three variations of the type of timber (rubber wood, coconut, coconut stem wood + rubber), and various number of layers (5 layers, 6 layers, and 7 layers). Each combination treatment was repeated three times. The best mechanical physical properties of glulam for type of rubber wood, with 7 layers. Keywords : glulam, coconut wood, rubber wood, characters physical, characters mechanic
ANALISA SIFAT KETEGUHAN PATAH DAN TEKAN BETON SEMEN DARI TULANG ROTAN
Authors: Purwanto Djoko
Published: March 2017

Indonesia has the potential of rattan is  enough large, but the value of the sale and utilization is still limited as materials for baskets, furniture,  handicrafts and so on. This research purpose to obtain bending and compressure strength properties when the rattan used for substitution  of iron materaial making to  cement concrete building simple houses. The raw material of used for research this is rattan has done processing (preservation and drying). Cement concrete frame made of rattan and molds for casting. Concrete frame rattan incorporated in the mold and filled dough (cement: gravel: sand = 1: 2: 3 plus water as needed). Treatment was observed that the diameter rattan (A) which includes: 8 mm (a1), 10 mm (a2) and 12 mm (a3); and the distance between the iron ring (B) which includes 11 cm (b1); 15 cm (b2); and 19 cm (b3). The number of repeat 3 times. Parameters observed bending and compressure strength.The results of the research rattan diameter 8-12 mm and the distance ring iron 11-19 cm produces bending strength from 18.24 to 40.13 kg /cm2 lower than cement concrete from iron materials (95.76 to 120.36 kg / cm2); and compressure strength from 28.33 to 42.85 kg/cm2 larger                                         than from iron cement concrete materials (20 to 34.67kg/cm2). The results of the research show  bending strength from rattan lower and compressure sterngth than big concrete from iron.Keywords: rattan, cement concrete, bending strength, compressure strength
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG TERMODIFIKASI UMBI RAWA DAN TEPUNG REBUNG SEBAGAI COATING FLOUR PRODUK GORENGAN
Authors: Setiawati Evy
Published: March 2017

Tingkat penyerapan tepung terigu sebagai bahan penyalut terhadap minyak cukup tinggi. Penyerapan minyak goreng yang terlalu tinggi pada produk akan mempengaruhi tampilan dan rasa produk. Disamping itu, kandungan lemak akibat penyerapan minyak goreng yang tinggi dapat mengganggu kesehatan konsumen. Tepung umbi alabio dan umbi nagara dapat dijadikan alternatif coating flour karena termasuk jenis tepung berpati. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa pengaruh tepung termodifikasi umbi alabio, umbi nagara dan rebung terhadap tingkat penyerapan minyak goreng. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, pembuatan tepung termodifikasi berbahan baku umbi alabio, umbi nagara, dan rebung; formulasi tepung termodifikasi; pengujian tepung termodifikasi, pembuatan produk coating flour; dan pengujian produk gorengan. Semakin banyak tepung modifikasi umbi nagara yang ditambahkan maka minyak yang diserap pun semakin tinggi. Komposisi tepung modifikasi umbi alabio dan tepung rebung dengan komposisi 90:10 lebih dipilih sebagai coating flour karena mempunyai kandungan amilosa yang tinggi, viskositas puncak yang rendah. Karakter coating flour tersebut mampu menghasilkan aneka gorengan yang rendah lemak, tinggi karbohidrat, tinggi serat pangan, dan rendah tingkat penyerapan minyaknya.
PENGGUNAAN KAYU JABON (Anthochepalus chinensis Lamk) DAN BALANGERAN (Shorea balangeran Korth) UNTUK KEBUTUHAN MASYARAKAT DAN INDUSTRI (Balangeran and Jabon Timber for Public and Industrial Purposes)
Authors: Arsad Effendi
Published: March 2017

Jabon is a fast-growing perennials. The wood has smoother texture than Balangeran, cylinder and straight, yellowish - white color and non fibrous, and easy to peel. Jabon wood can be used as raw materials for: plywood industry, furniture, pulp, children toys, crates, sole, matches and non-construction building materials. Balangeran wood can be utilised for plywood industry, furniture and building materials, bridge, keel, railway sleeper and power pole. The heartwood is red-brown and dark brown colored, the sapwood is yellowish white color or pink, straight fibers, the texture is coarse and even, with glassy surface and contains resin, straight trunk. Jabon and balangeran wood can be developed for commercial wood substitution.Keywords : jabon, balangeran, timber, publics, industry
Pricing Currency Risk in Two Interlinked Stock Markets
Authors: Antell Jan , Vaihekoski Mika
Published: March 2017

We investigate the role of currency risk on stock markets in two interlinked Nordic countries exhibiting a gradual move from fixed to floating exchange rate regime. Tests are conducted for a conditional asset pricing model using the Ding and Engle (2001) specification which allows estimation of multivariate GARCH-in mean models. Using a sample period from 1970 to 2009, we find that the currency risk is priced in both stock markets, and that the price and the risk premium are lower after the flotation of the currencies. We also find some evidence of crosscountry exchange rate effects. Our model has many practical applications and can easily be applied to study other countries, different asset classes, or industries that are closely connected.
Trading and Fat Tails
Authors: Webb Robert I
Published: March 2017

Sudden, large price changes periodically occur in speculative markets. Many of these large price moves simply reflect the market’s reaction to new fundamental economic information-- as financial theory would predict. However, some of the most extreme price moves—often characterized (albeit incorrectly) as “Black Swans” in popular parlance--reflect more the predictable behavior of traders in certain situations or poorly designed market microstructures than the arrival of new fundamental information. These trading-induced price moves have important implications for practitioners, policymakers and academics alike.
Foreword for Applied Finance Letters: March 2013
Authors: Crossan Diana , Menzies Malcolm
Published: March 2017

In my ten years as Retirement Commissioner (2003 to 2013) I saw the field of financial literacy blossom. During that time there was a growing appreciation of the importance of financial education and financial literacy, though at first they struggled to gain traction. Now they are well on the radar and the OECD coordinates an international network on financial education, encompassing 220 public institutions from over 100 countries. I was delighted to be part of this network as it grew over the years. New Zealand led the way with the Sorted website and development of a National Strategy for Financial Literacy. The strategy’s mission is to ensure that New Zealanders are financially well-educated and can make informed financial decisions throughout their lives. There are four separate areas of focus: to develop quality, extend coverage, work together and share what works.Quality has improved through the development of a competency framework and programmes to upskill teachers and trainers in financial education. The coverage of financial education has grown, for example through its introduction to the New Zealand school curriculum and to workplaces and the tertiary sector. Working together and sharing have been fostered through initiatives such as a community of practice and the inaugural Money Week in September 2012. In July 2013 the biennial financial literacy summit will for the first time take place in Auckland.But our knowledge of “what works” is far from complete and frankly it has taken research and evaluation a while to catch up. I’m thrilled to see this special issue of “Applied Financial Letters” on financial literacy. Much of the existing research base is derived from the northern hemisphere and it’s good to see more work being done in our own Australasian context.Of course financial literacy is just one of the factors that contribute to overall financial wellbeing (another concept crying out for better definition and research). There also needs to be an efficient and effective regulatory environment, a thriving economy (from which individuals derive sufficient income), a diversified market for financial products and services, a trustworthy financial sector, consumer protection and market power, and a welfare “net” for those who fall through the cracks. I commend AUT’s Auckland Centre for Financial Research for its initiative in producing “Applied Financial Letters” and we look forward to future issues on a wide range of topics relating to financial education, financial literacy and financial wellbeing.
Current Developments in the New Zealand Stock Exchange
Authors: Bennett Tim
Published: March 2017

New Zealand’s capital markets are riding on the crest of a wave. But unlike past peaks inthe equity market that have been few and far between, the wave we are currently ridingis the first in a set of breakers that will transform our capital markets and support a stepfunction change in New Zealand’s economic growth.
NZX Joins the Race to Minimise Tick Size
Authors: Anderson Hamish D.
Published: March 2017

In 2011, the New Zealand Exchange (NZX) reduced the minimum tick size from $0.01 to $0.005for seventeen dual-listed and property stocks, with the stated objective of boosting NZX liquidity.After controlling for firms matched on similar liquidity characteristics, both spread and depthsignificantly decline, and there is some evidence of higher turnover. However, smaller firms donot enjoy the same liquidity benefits as larger firms. For example, smaller firms and those withgreater illiquidity prior to the tick change, experience deterioration in turnover after the change.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Practices of New Zealand Companies
Authors: Koerniadi Hardjo
Published: March 2017

This study examines the effects of firm level corporate governance on financing policiesof New Zealand firms. Using a unique self-constructed corporate governance index andemploying the methodology of Fama and French (1999) of financing of firms, we can reportthat firms with weak corporate governance generally issue more debt and have significantlyhigher cost of capital than do firms with strong governance. It is further observed thatcorporate governance does not have significant impact on dividend policy in New Zealand.
Light-handed Regulation in New Zealand Banking and Financial Services: Has it worked?
Authors: Tripe David
Published: March 2017

This paper reviews banking regulation in New Zealand from the deregulation of the1980s through to the present day. It focuses on the effects of light-handed regulationthat was introduced as part of the deregulatory process and examines its effectivenessfor protecting depositors and at preventing the (potential) looting of New Zealandbanks by their foreign owners. It notes the extent of reregulation now being undertaken.
Yesterday’s Tomorrows: Past Visions of Future Financial Markets
Authors: Webb Robert I.
Published: March 2017

It is easy to imagine that the present - yesterday’s tomorrow - was always the future expected in the past. Yet, what we now accept as the normal state of affairs - the present - was not the only possible outcome that could have come to pass nor was it often the most commonly expected one. What is now considered “inevitable” – when viewed from the vantage point of 20/20 hindsight - was often not immediately embraced or accepted. In order to understand where we are going it is important to understand where we  have been and how we got there. I want to discuss some past visions of the future of financial markets, in general, and derivative markets, in particular, as seen by academics, practitioners and policymakers at various points in time. There are few advantages of age but one of them is the opportunity to witness changes and remember the contemporary context in which they occurred. I have been fortunate to have had a catbird seat to observe some of the changes in financial markets; first as a student of finance, and later with service: at a regulator; at an exchange; as a trader; in academia. I will draw upon some of my recollections and personal experiences in the discussion that follows. Most readers have always lived in a world where exchange traded derivatives on financial assets existed. Many readers have always lived in a world where interest rate swaps and other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives were important. Many readers have always lived in a world where exchange traded derivatives on energy, in general, and crude oil, in particular, existed and were important. Some readers have always lived in a world where large Asian financial and commodity futures markets existed and were important in the global price discovery process. Yet, this was not always the case