bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Neurological Manifestation of Celiac Disease
Authors: Rani Uzma , Imdad Aamer , Beg Mirza
Published: June 2015

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by permanent gastrointestinal tract sensitivity to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It has varied clinical manifestations, ranging from gastrointestinal to extraintestinal, including neurological, skin, reproductive and psychiatric symptoms, which makes its diagnosis difficult and challenging. Known neurological manifestations of CD include epilepsy with or without occipital calcification, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and ataxia, headache, neuropathies and behavior disorders. We present the case of a 14-year-old female with headaches and blurred vision for 1 year; she was noted to have papilledema on ophthalmic examination with increased cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure on lumber puncture and was diagnosed as a case of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). Meanwhile her workup for chronic constipation revealed elevated tissue transglutaminase IgA and antiendomysial IgA antibodies. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CD. The patient was started on a gluten-free diet, leading to resolution of not only gastrointestinal symptoms but also to almost complete resolution of symptoms of PTC. This report describes the correlation of CD and PTC as its neurological manifestation.
Interaction of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes, Lifestyle Factors and Future Risk of Dementia-Related Mortality: The Cohort of Norway (CONOR)
Authors: Strand Bjørn Heine , Rosness Tor Atle , Engedal Knut , Magnus Per , Bergem Astrid Liv Mina , Schirmer Henrik , Bjertness Espen , Knudsen Gun Peggy ,   for the GENIDEM group
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: Our aims were two-fold: firstly, to investigate the association and interaction between apolipoprotein E (ApoE), lifestyle risk factors and dementia-related mortality and, secondly, to examine if using dementia-related mortality yielded comparable risk estimates for the ApoE genotypes as reported in studies using a clinical dementia diagnosis as the end point. Methods: We used a nested case-control study with 561 cases drawn from dementia deaths in the Cohort of Norway (CONOR) and 584 alive controls. Results: ApoE ε4 carriers were at increased risk of dementia-related mortality compared to noncarriers [odds ratio (OR) 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93-3.13], and ε4 homozygotes were at particularly high risk (OR 7.86, 95% CI 3.80-13.8), while the ε2 type was associated with a lower risk. The highest risk of dementia-related mortality was found among ε4 carriers with more lifestyle risk factors (ε4 carriers who were smokers, hypertensive, physically inactive and diabetics) versus ε4 noncarriers without lifestyle risk factors (OR 15.4, 95% CI 4.37-52.4). The increased risk was additive, not multiplicative. Conclusions: Ensuring a healthy lifestyle is important to be able to prevent dementia in populations at large, but especially for ε4 carriers. Using dementia mortality gives comparable results for the ApoE-dementia association as studies using clinical dementia diagnoses.
Anterior Chamber Iris Claw Lens for the Treatment of Aphakia in a Patient with Megalocornea
Authors: Saffra Norman , Rakhamimov Aleksandr , Masini Robert , Rosenthal Kenneth J.
Published: June 2015

Megalocornea in isolation is a rare congenital enlargement of the cornea greater than 13 mm in diameter. Patients with megalocornea are prone to cataract formation, crystalline lens subluxation, zonular deficiencies and dislocation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) within the capsular bag. A 55-year-old male with megalocornea in isolation developed subluxation of the capsular bag and PCIOL. The PCIOL and capsular bag were explanted, and the patient was subsequently implanted with an anterior chamber iris claw lens. An anterior chamber iris claw lens is an effective option for the correction of aphakia in patients with megalocornea.
The Role of Deconditioning in the End-Stage Renal Disease Myopathy: Physical Exercise Improves Altered Resting Muscle Oxygen Consumption
Authors: Manfredini Fabio , Lamberti Nicola , Malagoni Anna Maria , Felisatti Michele , Zuccalà Alessandro , Torino Claudia , Tripepi Giovanni , Catizone Luigi , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine ,   on behalf of the EXCITE Working Group
Published: June 2015

Background: Skeletal muscle dysfunction and poor exercise tolerance are hallmarks of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Noninvasively measured (near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) resting muscle oxygen consumption (rmVO2) is a biomarker of muscle dysfunction, which can be applied to study the severity and the reversibility of ESRD myopathy. We tested the hypothesis that deconditioning is a relevant factor in ESRD myopathy. Methods: The whole dialysis population (n = 59) of two of the eight centers participating into the EXCITE study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01255969), a randomized trial evaluating the effect of a home-based exercise program on the functional capacity of these patients was studied. Thirty-one patients were in the active arm (exercise group) and 28 in the control arm (no intervention). Normative data for rmVO2 were obtained from a group of 19 healthy subjects. Results: rmVO2 was twice higher (p < 0.001) in ESRDs patients (0.083 ± 0.034 ml/100 g/min) than in healthy subjects (0.041 ± 0.020 ml/100 g/min) indicating substantial skeletal muscle dysfunction in ESRD. rmVO2 correlated with resting heart rate (r = 0.34, p = 0.009) but was independent of age, dialysis vintage, biochemical, vascular and nutrition parameters. After the 6-month exercise program, rmVO2 reduced to 0.064 ± 0.024 ml/100 g/min (-23%, p < 0.001) in the exercise group indicating that skeletal muscle dysfunction is largely reversible but remained identical in the control group (0.082 ± 0.032 to 0.082 ± 0.031 ml/100 g/min). Conclusion: Deconditioning has a major role in ESRD myopathy. rmVO2 is a marker of physical deconditioning and has the potential for monitoring re-conditioning programs based on physical exercise in the ESRD population.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-Negative Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis Associated with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Anaele Cyriacus Uzoma , Srisung Weeraporn , Tomacruz Yvette , Laski Melvin
Published: June 2015

Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN) is most commonly associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). We report a case of chronic, sclerosing ANCA-negative PICGN discovered when a patient presented with multiple myeloma. A 57-year-old woman presented with complaints of nausea, emesis and weakness. She was found to be in renal failure with a serum creatinine of 9.4 mg/dl, mild hyperkalemia and acidosis. She was noted to have normochromic, normocytic anemia with normal platelet and white cell counts, normal plasma proteins and serum protein electrophoresis. Further studies revealed increased concentrations of κ and λ light chains in a ratio of 34.89; a bone marrow biopsy found 12% plasma cells. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed no spike. ANCA, anti-glomerular basement membrane, antineutrophil antibody, hepatitis panel and serum complements were normal. A kidney biopsy result showed chronic sclerosing PICGN plus tubular necrosis, severe tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and severe arteriosclerosis. Congo red stains were negative and electron microscopy showed no intraglomerular deposits. The patient was subsequently treated for myeloma with bortezomib and dexamethasone with good hematologic response but never recovered renal function. She remains on outpatient hemodialysis. Renal manifestations of myeloma often involve glomerular deposition disease, tubulointerstitial disease, with characteristic proteinaceous casts, or both. In contrast, our patient demonstrated neither of these findings but had chronic sclerosing PICGN. Crescentic glomerulonephritis occurring in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias has been previously reported, but the association remains extremely rare.
Unusual Fundus Autofluorescence Appearance in a Patient with Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity
Authors: Abou-Ltaif Sleiman
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To report an unusual fundus autofluorescence aspect in a patient with suspected hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity. Method: Case report of an unusual presentation of a patient treated for 9 consecutive years with a therapeutically recommended dose of hydroxychloroquine. Result: We report the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian female treated with 400 mg hydroxychloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis over 9 years, currently on methotrexate and folinic acid, who stopped treatment 3 years ago. The cumulative dose is estimated at 1.314 kg. She recently noticed a reduction of vision in both eyes to 0.34 logMAR, with colour vision problems and major distortion in central vision. Fundus autofluorescence revealed minimal foveal pigmentary changes and more pronounced changes in the retina elsewhere. Foveal changes were confirmed by optical coherence tomography in both eyes. The patient did not report any colour perception difficulties or night vision problems and has no family history of any eye condition. Her visual field tested by an optician was full, with some central changes. Conclusion: Retinal toxicity from hydroxychloroquine can present in a different aspect than the commonly known retinal toxicity, and it happens even after years of cessation of the drug. The role of cumulative dose in toxicity is supported in this paper.
Corneal Hydrops in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration: A Case Series
Authors: Bhandari Vipul , Ganesh Sri
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To report an unusual presentation of pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) and its management by using air injection and tension sutures. Case Report: We report 2 cases with a history of acute pain and loss of vision. Examination revealed hydrops at the 6-9 o'clock meridian with Descemet's membrane detachment and tear at the same area and advanced PMD in the other eye. Discussion: Air injection with suturing to treat the hydrops in PMD and crescentic excision with lamellar grafting instead of lamellar keratoplasty lead to better results than conservative management. Conclusion: Corneal hydrops and perforation in patients with PMD is a rare presentation and can be managed by tension sutures and air injection.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Asymptomatic Cardiac Function Impairment in Chinese Patients with Simple Obesity using Echocardiography
Authors: Sun Ting , Xie Jing , Zhu Lili , Han Zhihua , Xie Yushui
Published: June 2015

Background: Simple obesity in China is rising rapidly and causing increasing concern. The objectives of our study are to investigate cardiac structure and function in individuals with simple obesity and to analyze the effect of BMI on left ventricular structure and function. Methods: Between January 2012 and July 2014, echocardiography was performed in 361 consecutive patients visiting the outpatient echocardiography center for a health examination or cardiac evaluation before a weight loss operation in our hospital. Echocardiographic indices, waist-to-hip ratios, BMI, and metabolic markers were evaluated. We analyzed these data using Student's t test (normally distributed) or a nonparametric test (not normally distributed) for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Multivariate correlation and regression analysis were conducted for comparisons. Results: The study sample was divided into three groups: a normal/overweight group (BMI < 28.0 kg/m2), a mildly/moderately obese group (BMI 28-39.9 kg/m2), and a severely obese group (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). There were no significant differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics among the groups, except for BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. The severely obese group had a higher left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD; p < 0.01) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; p < 0.01) than the mildly/moderately obese group, which had a higher LVEDD and LV mass index (LVMI) than the normal/overweight group. BMI correlated well with LVEDD, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPW), LV mass, LVMI, and E/e'. In addition, age was significantly associated with some echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial dimension (r = 0.366, p < 0.01), LVPW (r = 0.347, p < 0.01), interventricular septal thickness at end- diastole (r = 0.351, p< 0.01), and E/A (r = -0.47, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Simple obesity caused cardiac structural changes, including LV hypertrophy and LV enlargement, and severe obesity resulted in asymptomatic LV systolic and diastolic function impairment.
ВМІСТ АМІНОКИСЛОТ У ПІДЗЕМНИХ І НАДЗЕМНИХ ОРГАНАХ ЛІЛІЙНИКА БУРО-ЖОВТОГО (HEMEROCALLIS FULVA L.) ТА ЛІЛІЙНИКА ГІБРИДНОГО (HEMEROCALLIS HYBRIDA VAR. «STELLA DE ORO»)
Authors: Марчишин С. М. , Зарічанська О. В.
Published: June 2015

здійснено дослідження амінокислотного складу коренебульб, листків і квіток лілійника буро-жовтого (Hemerocallisfulva L.) та лілійника гібридного (Hemerocallis hybrida var. «Stella De Oro»). Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії встановлено загальний вміст амінокислот у сировині та вміст вільних амінокислот. Виявлено 17 амінокислот, 9 з яких є незамінними. Визначено їх кількісний вміст.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНЕ ВИВЧЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ СУХИХ ПОРОШКІВ БІОМАСИ FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES, ЯКІ ОТРИМАНІ МЕТОДАМИ ПОВЕРХНЕВОГО ТА ГЛИБИННОГО КУЛЬТИВУВАННЯ
Authors: Буткевич Т. А. , Попович В. П.
Published: June 2015

у сухих порошках біомаси лікарського гриба РІаттиІіпа уеШИреэ,які отримані поверхневим та глибинним культивуванням, визначено якісний та кількісний вміст 17 амінокислот, у тому числі 7 незамінних.
МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО РИНКУ НЕСТЕРОЇДНИХ ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ВІННИЧЧИНИ
Authors: Бобрук В. П. , Благун О. Д.
Published: June 2015

за результатами дослідження асортиментної структури нестероїдних протизапальних лікарських препаратів, представлених на фармацевтичному ринку Вінниччини, встановлено, що у його забезпеченні більш значну частку становлять іноземні фірми-виробники (70,1 %) порівняно із вітчизняними (29,9%). Домінуючими на фармацевтичному ринку є похідні фенілпропіонової (29,90 %) та фенілоцтової (26,8 %) кислот, дещо менше у сегменті ринку представлені похідні оксикамів (16,50 %), що підтверджується аналізом даних коефіцієнта напруженості: найвища конкуренція спостерігається серед фірм, які випускають препарати похідних фенілоцтової, фенілпропіонової кислот і оксикамів. В даній роботі встановлено рейтинговий ряд НПЗЗ препаратів-аналогів за продажем у межах кожної хімічної групи.
ЕЛЕКТИВНИЙ КУРС «ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ОРГАНІЧНОГО СИНТЕЗУ« ЯК МЕТОД ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЗНАНЬ З ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ХІМІЇ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПІДГОТОВКИ ДО ЛІЦЕНЗІЙНОГО ІСПИТУ «КРОК-1»
Authors: Воскобойнік О. Ю.
Published: June 2015

у представленій статті проведено детальний аналіз проблем, які виникають у студентів підчас складання ліцензійного іспиту «КРОК-1». Запропоновано впровадження до навчального плану елективного курсу «Теоретичні основи органічного синтезу» як ефективного інструменту підвищення знань з органічної хімії та підготовки студентів до ліцензійного іспиту «КРОК-1».
КОМПЛАЄНС ЯК СКЛАДОВА ОЦІНКИ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ГЛАУКОМОЮ
Authors: Кривов’яз О. В.
Published: June 2015

проведено оцінку якості життя хворих на глаукому з урахуванням комплаєнтності пацієнтів та наявності побічних ефектів призначених лікарських препаратів. Встановлено відсутність залежності прихильності хворих до лікування від стадії прогресування захворювання. Максимальний показник комплаєнтності зафіксовано у понад 45 % опитаних.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН СТВОРЕННЯ, ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТАБЛЕТОВАНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ. Повідомлення 17. Мукоадгезійні таблет¬ки: характеристика лікарської форми, ви¬моги, підходи до розробки, дослідження таблеток, підбір допоміжних речовин
Authors: Гордієнко О. І. , Вронська Л.В. , Мельник О. А. , Грошовий Т. А.
Published: June 2015

the literature data about research and methods of mucoadhesive tablets have presented. The examples of compositions of active ingredients with excipients are given for implemented in pharmaceutical manufacturing drugs. Selection of these excipients shall provide tablets mucoadhesive properties.
ДО ЮВІЛЕЮ ВІДОМОГО БІОХІМІКА, ПЕДАГОГА ТА НАУКОВЦЯ МИХАЙЛА МИХАЙЛОВИЧА КОРДИ
Authors: часопису Редколегія Фармацевтичного
Published: June 2015

Редакційна рада та редколегія журналу «Фар­мацевтичний часопис», друзі та колеги, науко­ва спільнота від щирого серця вітають Михайла Михайловича з ювілеєм і бажають міцного здо­ров’я, родинного щастя, добробуту, благополуч­чя, життєвого оптимізму та творчої наснаги!
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Чулак Л. Д. , Бас А. О. , Шутурмінський В. Г. , Корчемний В. В.
Published: June 2015

У роботі представлений досвід викладення матеріалу з курсу ортопедичної стоматології на сайті зі застосуванням
сучасних Інтернет-технологій.
В результаті обговорення матеріалу автори пропонують цей сучасний метод як основний засіб для самостійної роботи
студентів.
ПРО ПІДГОТОВКУ ПРОВІЗОРІВ ТА ПРОВІЗОРІВ-ОРГАНІЗАТОРІВ НА КУРСАХ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ НА БАЗІ ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Білай І. М. , Дарій В. І. , Рижов О. А. , Пругло Є. С. , Райкова Т. С. , Бушуєва І. В. , Зарічна Т. П. , Демченко В. О. , Білоус М. В. , Кандибей Н. В.
Published: June 2015

У роботі показана підготовка провізорів та провізорів-організаторів на курсах підвищення кваліфікації набазіфакуль-
тету післядипломної освіти Запорізького державного медичного університету.
ДОСВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ КРЕДИТНО-МОДУЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ З ПРОПЕДЕВТИКИ ОРТОПЕДИЧНОЇ СТОМАТОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Бойків А. В.
Published: June 2015

У статті розкривається досвід викладання пропедевтики ортопедичної стоматології на кафедрі ортопедичної стомато-
логії в Тернопільському державному медичному університеті імені І. Я. Горбачевського за кредитно-модульною систе-
мою організації навчального процесу.
РЕФОРМУВАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В АВСТРІЇ: ЗРАЗОК УСПІШНОГО ПРОВЕДЕННЯ І ПРИКЛАД ДЛЯ НАСЛІДУВАННЯ
Authors: Кліщ Г. І.
Published: June 2015

У статті узагальнено австрійський досвід реформування медичної освіти. Розглянуто головні фундаментальні зміни у
нових навчальних планах медичних університетів Австрії, їх переваги та наслідки.
КОМУНІКАТИВНІ АСПЕКТИ МІЖ ЛІКАРЯМИ ТА ПАЦІЄНТАМИ ГАСТРОЕНТЕРОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: Степанов Ю. М. , Будзак І. Я. , Власова О. М.
Published: June 2015

У статті представлені особливості стосунків між лікарями і пацієнтами з хворобами органів травлення. Відзначена
часта поширеність функціональних захворювань травлення і важливість правильного спілкування з пацієнтами з цією
патологією. Особливу увагу приділено таким питанням, як повага до пацієнта, уважне ставлення до хворого, надання
пацієнту всієї необхідної інформації про його хвороби в доступній формі.
Association of Chronic Renal Insufficiency With In‐Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gupta Tanush , Paul Neha , Kolte Dhaval , Harikrishnan Prakash , Khera Sahil , Aronow Wilbert S. , Mujib Marjan , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Sule Sachin , Jain Diwakar , Ahmed Ali , Cooper Howard A. , Frishman William H. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Panza Julio A.
Published: June 2015

Background

The association of chronic renal insufficiency with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) in the current era of drug‐eluting stents and modern antithrombotic therapy has not been well characterized.

Methods and Results

We queried the 2007–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent
PCI
. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare in‐hospital outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD
), patients with end‐stage renal disease (
ESRD
), and those without
CKD
or
ESRD
. Of 3 187 404 patients who underwent
PCI
, 89% had no
CKD
/
ESRD
; 8.6% had
CKD
; and 2.4% had
ESRD
. Compared to patients with no
CKD
/
ESRD
, patients with
CKD
and patients with
ESRD
had higher in‐hospital mortality (1.4% versus 2.7% versus 4.4%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for
CKD
1.15, 95%
CI
1.12 to 1.19,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio for
ESRD
2.29, 95%
CI
2.19 to 2.40,
P
<0.001), higher incidence of postprocedure hemorrhage (3.5% versus 5.4% versus 6.0%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for
CKD
1.21, 95%
CI
1.18 to 1.23,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio for
ESRD
1.27, 95%
CI
1.23 to 1.32,
P
<0.001), longer average length of stay (2.9 days versus 5.0 days versus 6.4 days, respectively;
P
<0.001), and higher average total hospital charges ($60 526 versus $77 324 versus $97 102, respectively;
P
<0.001). Similar results were seen in subgroups of patients undergoing
PCI
for acute coronary syndrome or stable ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing
PCI
, chronic renal insufficiency is associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, higher postprocedure hemorrhage, longer average length of stay, and higher average hospital charges.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prescription of Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sjölander Maria , Eriksson Marie , Asplund Kjell , Norrving Bo , Glader Eva-Lotta
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are effective against ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our aim was to investigate differences in the prescribing of OACs after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation based on age, sex, country of birth, and socioeconomic status.

Methods—

Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation without OAC treatment were included from the Swedish stroke register from 2009 to 2012. The outcome was OAC prescribed at discharge. Income, education, country of birth, and risk factors were obtained from official registers. Risk factors and health status were controlled for in multivariable logistic regression.

Results—

Of 12 088 stroke patients, 36.3% were prescribed an OAC. Prescribing was less common with older age and, in patients born in other Nordic countries (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.98) or countries outside of Europe (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–0.99) compared with those born in Sweden. University education (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05–1.36) and highest income (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.33) were associated with higher levels of OAC prescribing compared with those with primary school education or lowest income level.

Conclusion—

Differences by age, income, education, and country of birth were found in the prescribing of OACs after stroke. Differences were not explained by common risk factors. This indicates socioeconomic inequalities in the prescribing of preventive treatment after stroke.
On inconsistency in, and undesirable side effects of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

Authors: Löbl Ivan
Published: June 2015

The 1999 edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999; hereafter referred to as the Code) provides guidance to all users of zoological nomina (names of taxa) that have been established and are regulated. Its rules and recommendations are widely respected, in particular by taxonomists and editors who so assure its universality. The zoological nomenclature is a language that actually contains millions of words, i.e. the nomina of taxa, and this number increases daily. Dealing with such numbers is a challenge and it is not surprising that also conflicts arise. In fact, the effects of the provisions and recommendations of the Code may be in practice opposite to the goals of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature as declared within the Code.
In vitro and in vivo study on the effect of antifungal agents on hematopoietic cells in mice
Authors: Samalidou Maria , Bougiouklis Dimitris , Vyzantiadis Timoleon-Achilleas , Meletiadis Joseph , Monokrousos Nikolaos , Siotou Eleni , Sivropoulou Afroditi , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Sotiropoulos Damianos
Published: June 2015

Liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin are currently used for systemic and severe fungal infections. Patients with malignant diseases are treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the recovery of granulocytes after chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. Since they have a high incidence of fungal infections, they inevitably receive antifungal drugs for treatment and prophylaxis. Despite their proven less toxicity for various cell types comparatively with amphotericin B and the decrease in the number of leukocytes that has been reported as a possible complication in clinical studies, the effect of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin on HCs has not been clarified. The present study aimed to examine the in vitro and in vivo effect of these three modern antifungals on HCs. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays of murine bone marrow cells were performed in methylcellulose medium with or without cytokines and in the presence or absence of various concentrations of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin. In the in vivo experiments, the absolute number of granulocytes was determined during leukocyte recovery in sublethally irradiated mice receiving each antifungal agent separately, with or without G-CSF. In vitro, all three antifungal drugs were nontoxic and, interestingly, they significantly increased the number of CFU-granulocyte-macrophage colonies in the presence of cytokines, at all concentrations tested. This was contrary to the concentration-dependent toxicity and the significant decrease caused by conventional amphotericin B. In vivo, the number of granulocytes was significantly higher with caspofungin plus G-CSF treatment, higher and to a lesser extent higher, but not statistically significantly, with voriconazole plus G-CSF and liposomal amphotericin B plus G-CSF treatments, respectively, as compared with G-CSF alone. These data indicate a potential synergistic effect of these antifungals with the cytokines, in vitro and in vivo, with subsequent positive effect on hematopoiesis.
Bi-Modal Name and Tragicomic Fate: Delmore Schwartz’s Shenandoah Fish and Thane Rosenbaum’s Duncan Katz
Authors: Meyer Adam
Published: June 2015

AbstractDelmore Schwartz and Thane Rosenbaum are two Jewish American writers with similarly unusual names, bi-modal both in their sonority, the smooth or powerful first name followed by the guttural or trailing last name, and in their ethnic signification, an Anglo first name preceding a strongly Jewish patronymic. It is clear that the future writers’ parents, immigrants all, were trying to endow their sons with American identities, but the outrageous bi-modality of the resulting names undermined that effort, showing instead the children’s alienation from being fully connected to their native land. Schwartz and Rosenbaum explore the effects of having such names through the creation of fictional alter-egos Shenandoah Fish and Duncan Katz, respectively. Schwartz’s verse play Shenandoah and the first chapter of Rosenbaum’s novel Second Hand Smoke both focus on the central character’s naming ceremony, his bris. While each author indicates that fate has dealt his character a heavy hand by investing him with such an appellation, they are also able to see the humorous side of the situation.
Generating duplex microstructures by nitriding; nitriding of iron based Fe–Mn alloy
Authors: Meka S. R. , Chauhan A. , Steiner T. , Bischoff E. , Ghosh P. K. , Mittemeijer E. J.
Published: June 2015

Nitriding of Fe–2 at-%Mn alloy at 650°C employing a nitriding potential of 0·05 atm− 1/2 resulted in a highly complex microstructural development as a function of depth below the specimen surface: a surface adjacent layer exhibiting an austenite–martensite duplex microstructure, followed by an intermediate region showing a ferrite–austenite duplex microstructure, and at even larger depths a region where an austenite layer covers the grain boundaries of the ferrite matrix grains. Development of this complex microstructure is attributed to the strong austenite stabilising effects of Mn and N. This work demonstrates the power of a relatively simple nitriding treatment to realise a highly complex microstructure known to be associated with strongly enhanced mechanical properties.
Minor Threats
Authors: Nguyen Mimi Thi
Published: June 2015

“Minor Threats” considers the entry of minor objects—including the author's own zines—into increasingly institutionalized punk archives. What happens to the brats, new bloods, poison girls, androids of Mu, persons unknown, or younger lovers when we are called on to fill a void, correct a partial claim, set straight a story? How do the politics surrounding institutional discourses of a minor threat, especially at the crash with race or gender, displace or defuse that threat through its integration into a politics, history, or archive? How might the specific difference of the minor object be enlisted to enhance a normative principle, an already known unity? Such instrumental gestures toward minor objects are the source of inclusion's coercive, diminishing effects—on the imagination as well as on practice.
Queer Archives, Queer Movements
Authors: Summers Robert
Published: June 2015

Vaginal Davis is a former Los Angeles–based visual and performance artist who now lives and creates art in Berlin. Scholarly research on her work began to appear in the late nineties and has focused solely on her live, queer, performance art. But research on her queer archives (her studio-archives and her body/self as performing the archive) is missing, which is ironic, given that all her performances come from her various self-fabricated archives. Thus the author argues, among related ideas, that Davis is also a queer archivist—whose primary queer praxis is, in her words, “the indefinite nature of my own whimsy.” The author shows that Davis's performances and musical bands are the deployment of her body/self as an archive from which she creates, fabricates, and recycles images and minoritarian and subcultural oral histories to make other kinds of archives—ones that are different, and queerly so.
Sex in the Archives
Authors: Reay Barry
Published: June 2015

This article deals with some very queer diaries in the New York Public Library, the David Louis Bowie Diaries, 1978–1993. These descriptions of New York sex in the periods before and after AIDS consist of text, drawings, and photographs, including information on drug taking, numerous clubs (the Mineshaft was one of Bowie's haunts), a great amount of casual sex, and material dealing with the New York fisting scene. They are not philosophical or romantic reminiscences but sex diaries. The article deals with both a described sexual world and the source that represents it. The diaries are a chronicle. But they are also sexual objects, Bowie's own sexual archive. He was aroused both by the memories they stored and his textual and visual renderings. He refers to masturbating to his drawings—even while executing them. The archive is imbricated in its recorded sexual encounters in intriguing ways.
Body, Sex, Interface
Authors: McKinney Cait
Published: June 2015

This article investigates the creation of an online photo database at the Lesbian Herstory Archives (LHA). The status of images of sexuality in this collection presents opportunities for reflecting on the cultural politics of digitization in community archives, including the accessibility of sexual materials in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) archives as they move online. I argue that the design of this project has generated moments of reckoning with various political contexts in which the archives moves. The LHA's approach to digitization is improvisational, open to revision and critique, and willfully imperfect in its management of considerations such as metadata. Digitization presents the archives with the opportunity to consider the ways that the historical representations of sexuality it houses challenge the normative imperatives that can accompany digital media practices, including the ways that all kinds of sex practices and gendered ways of being scramble the categorical logics of structured databases.
Considerations for the use of transcriptomics in identifying the ‘genes that matter’ for environmental adaptation
Authors: Evans Tyler G.
Published: June 2015

Transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful approach for exploring physiological responses to the environment. However, like any other experimental approach, transcriptomics has its limitations. Transcriptomics has been criticized as an inappropriate method to identify genes with large impacts on adaptive responses to the environment because: (1) genes with large impacts on fitness are rare; (2) a large change in gene expression does not necessarily equate to a large effect on fitness; and (3) protein activity is most relevant to fitness, and mRNA abundance is an unreliable indicator of protein activity. In this review, these criticisms are re-evaluated in the context of recent systems-level experiments that provide new insight into the relationship between gene expression and fitness during environmental stress. In general, these criticisms remain valid today, and indicate that exclusively using transcriptomics to screen for genes that underlie environmental adaptation will overlook constitutively expressed regulatory genes that play major roles in setting tolerance limits. Standard practices in transcriptomic data analysis pipelines may also be limiting insight by prioritizing highly differentially expressed and conserved genes over those genes that undergo moderate fold-changes and cannot be annotated. While these data certainly do not undermine the continued and widespread use of transcriptomics within environmental physiology, they do highlight the types of research questions for which transcriptomics is best suited and the need for more gene functional analyses. Such information is pertinent at a time when transcriptomics has become increasingly tractable and many researchers may be contemplating integrating transcriptomics into their research programs.
Antarctic notothenioid fish: what are the future consequences of ‘losses’ and ‘gains’ acquired during long-term evolution at cold and stable temperatures?
Authors: Beers Jody M. , Jayasundara Nishad
Published: June 2015

Antarctic notothenioids dominate the fish fauna of the Southern Ocean. Evolution for millions of years at cold and stable temperatures has led to the acquisition of numerous biochemical traits that allow these fishes to thrive in sub-zero waters. The gain of antifreeze glycoproteins has afforded notothenioids the ability to avert freezing and survive at temperatures often hovering near the freezing point of seawater. Additionally, possession of cold-adapted proteins and membranes permits them to sustain appropriate metabolic rates at exceptionally low body temperatures. The notothenioid genome is also distinguished by the disappearance of traits in some species, losses that might prove costly in a warmer environment. Perhaps the best-illustrated example is the lack of expression of hemoglobin in white-blooded icefishes from the family Channichthyidae. Loss of key elements of the cellular stress response, notably the heat shock response, has also been observed. Along with their attainment of cold tolerance, notothenioids have developed an extreme stenothermy and many species perish at temperatures only a few degrees above their habitat temperatures. Thus, in light of today's rapidly changing climate, it is critical to evaluate how these extreme stenotherms will respond to rising ocean temperatures. It is conceivable that the remarkable cold specialization of notothenioids may ultimately leave them vulnerable to future thermal increases and threaten their fitness and survival. Within this context, our review provides a current summary of the biochemical losses and gains that are known for notothenioids and examines these cold-adapted traits with a focus on processes underlying thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity.
Splicing remodels the let-7 primary microRNA to facilitate Drosha processing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mondol Vanessa , Ahn Byoung Chan , Pasquinelli Amy E.
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize and regulate the expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Mature miRNAs arise from longer primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that are processed to a shorter hairpin precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by the Microprocessor complex. In Caenorhabditis elegans the primary let-7 (pri-let-7) transcript undergoes trans-splicing, where pri-let-7 is cleaved at a 3′ splice site and the splice-leader-1 (SL1) sequence is appended at the 5′ end. Here we investigate the role of this splicing event in the biogenesis of let-7 miRNA. We hypothesized that splicing changes the secondary structure of the pri-let-7 transcript, creating a more favorable substrate for recognition by the Microprocessor. Supporting this idea, we detected conspicuous structural differences between unspliced and SL1-spliced pri-let-7 transcripts using in vitro ribonuclease (RNase) assays. Through the generation of transgenic worm strains, we found that the RNA secondary structure produced by splicing, as opposed to the act of splicing itself, optimizes processing of pri-let-7 by the Microprocessor in vivo. We also observed that the endogenous spliced, but not the unspliced, pri-let-7 transcripts bind to the Microprocessor and accumulate upon its depletion. We conclude that splicing is a key step in generating pri-let-7 transcripts with a structure that enables downstream processing events to produce appropriate levels of mature let-7.
Ultrasound in lymphology
Authors: Brauer W. J.
Published: June 2015

Zwar kommt der Ultraschall in der Lymphologie häufig zu Anwendung, doch bestehen über die Möglichkeiten und die Wertigkeit dieser Methode zur Beurteilung des Lymph-ödems divergierende Ansichten. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden sonographische Kriterien von Ödemen und anderen Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen beschrieben, die sonographische Differenzierbarkeit diverser Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen diskutiert und Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Sonographie in der Lymphologie aufgezeigt.
Directional Metric Regularity of Multifunctions
Authors: Van Ngai Huynh , Théra Michel
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we study relative metric regularity of set-valued mappings with emphasis on directional metric regularity. We establish characterizations of relative metric regularity without assuming the completeness of the image spaces, by using the relative lower semicontinuous envelopes of the distance functions to set-valued mappings. We then apply these characterizations to establish a coderivative type criterion for directional metric regularity as well as for the robustness of metric regularity.
Euclidean Networks with a Backbone and a Limit Theorem for Minimum Spanning Caterpillars
Authors: Jevtić Petar , Steele J. Michael
Published: June 2015

A caterpillar network (or graph) G is a tree with the property that removal of the leaf edges of G leaves one with a path. Here we focus on minimum weight spanning caterpillars where the vertices are points in the Euclidean plane and the costs of the path edges and the leaf edges are multiples of their corresponding Euclidean lengths. The flexibility in choosing the weight for path edges versus the weight for leaf edges gives some useful flexibility in modeling. In particular, one can accommodate problems motivated by communications theory such as the “last mile problem.” Geometric and probabilistic inequalities are developed that lead to a limit theorem that is analogous to the well-known Beardwood, Halton, and Hammersley theorem for the length of the shortest tour through a random sample, but the minimal spanning caterpillars fall outside the scope of the theory of subadditive Euclidean functionals.
Investigación y carnaval en tiempos de reforma
Authors: Triana Camilo Ramírez
Published: June 2015

Desde distintos ángulos se ha planteado la necesidad de reformar la Universidad Distrital. Los estudiantes que enfrentaron la reforma de la Ley 30 con la MANE, los docentes y administrativos que consideran vulnerada su condición en las actuales circunstancias, las directivas que están conminadas a cumplir las condiciones de acreditación, los dignatarios distritales desde el Consejo y la Alcaldía y los del orden nacional que consideran la educación pública como un fin; todos a una como en Fuente ovejuna, nos disponemos a reformar. ¿Estamos de acuerdo? Pero la reforma debe hacerse en los mejores términos. No es una arquitectura simple la que se debe transformar. Muchos apenas nos asomamos al andamiaje y otros tantos ni siquiera lo han hecho. Perviven las fuerzas que jalonan cambios inconsultos, al igual que una tradición que se afinca en los resultados de la Consultiva, que algunos quisiéramos que fuera simplemente acatada. Aunque no se desconoce que ha pasado más de un lustro desde que formuló su estatuto general y todo lo que podía ocurrir desde entonces ha ocurrido, al menos habría de ser consultada. El ambiente tendría que ser favorable para una reforma democrática.
El artivismo como acción estratégica de nuevas narrativas artistico-políticas
Authors: Centella Visitación Ortega
Published: June 2015

El presente artículo de reflexión se enmarca en el estudio sobre la cultura artístico-política de una serie de artistas o grupos de artistas seleccionados por el énfasis que caracteriza sus propuestas concebidas como modo de participación social y como expresión política.Para ello, nos adentramos en las diferentes formas de abordar la creación artística, comprometida con la sociedad actual, utilizada como vehículo racionalizador, con la capacidad de crear nuevas formas de visualización, producción y constitución de la obra de arte. Este fenómeno presenta una nueva comunicación política conformada por la combinación de la creatividad artística, así como internet y la difusión que nos otorga los medios de comunicación, al que denominaremos artivismo, como neologismo conformado por la palabra arte y activismo. Nuestro artículo señala un rol artivista, donde artista y espectador comparten una concepción amplia de lo político que permite la interrelación de las distintas micronarrativas de poder que se establecen también en el discurso artístico.
Transition dynamics in the neoclassical growth model: the case of South Korea
Authors: Chang Yongsung , Hornstein Andreas
Published: June 2015

Many successful examples of economic development, such as South Korea, exhibit long periods of sustained capital accumulation. This process is characterized by a gradually rising investment rate along with a moderate rate of return to capital, both of which are strongly at odds with the standard neoclassical growth model that predicts an initially high and then declining investment rate with an extremely high return to capital. We show that minor modifications of the neoclassical model go a long way toward accounting for the capital accumulation path of the South Korean economy. Our modifications recognize that (i) agriculture (which makes up a large share of the aggregate economy in the early stage of development) does not rely much on capital and (ii) the relative price of capital declined substantially during the transition period.
Serre weights for U⁢(n){U(n)}
Authors: Barnet-Lamb Thomas , Gee Toby , Geraghty David
Published: June 2015

We study the weight part of (a generalisation of)
Serre’s conjecture for mod l Galois representations associated to
automorphic representations on unitary groups of rank n for odd
primes l. Given a modular Galois representation, we use automorphy
lifting theorems to prove that it is modular in many other
weights. We make no assumptions on the ramification or inertial
degrees of l. We give an explicit strengthened result when

n
=
3

{n=3}

and l splits completely in the underlying CM field.
Preanalytic errors in anatomic pathology: study of 10,574 cases from five Portuguese hospitals
Authors: Roque Rúben , Henrique Hermínio , Aguiar Pedro
Published: June 2015

Background: Identification of errors in anatomic pathology is an important issue in medical practice. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characterize preanalytic errors in surgical pathology and cytology samples. We also intended to explore associations between error prevalence and procedures implemented in hospitals concerning the type of requisition forms, use of guidelines for case acceptance and existence of error notification system.

Methods: We analyzed 10,574 cases in five Portuguese hospitals. The pathology laboratories recorded during 20 days all cases submitted with preanalytic errors, using an input form that allowed the identification of sample type, error description, action taken before error, the professional who detected the fail and the test cycle segment where it was identified. Subsequently, particular procedures in use for preanalytic phase were characterized for each hospital.

Results: The prevalence of cases with error was 3.1% (330/10,574), 95% confidence interval: 2.8%–3.5%. Errors occurred in 4.1% (250/6079) of histology specimens and 0.9% (40/4477) of cytology specimens, and included errors in the requisition forms (2.6% error rate) and in the sample container (1.5% error rate). Acceptance of cases with error was the most frequent action (66.9%), followed by rejection (24.4%) and retention (8.7%).

Conclusions: The existence of written norms for sample acceptance and error reporting systems to submitting services and patient safety department were proven to be associated to lower error prevalence.
The Political Economy of Net Neutrality Regulation
Authors: Weisman Dennis L.
Published: June 2015

On February 26, 2015, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed sweeping new regulation for broadband providers. While regulation is typically driven by a combination of economic and political considerations, this article argues that the FCC’s initiative is long on politics and short on economics. For example, the FCC is not able to identify a non-transitory abuse of market power by broadband providers to justify its actions. There is no evidence of excessive returns being earned by broadband providers and the violations of net neutrality that the Commission can point to, including throttling and blocking of data, are conspicuously few in number. What is more, the FCC has yet to establish that the regulatory oversight it proposes would not stifle more investment than it stimulates. Broadband is an example of a two-sided market in which edge (content) providers represent one side of the market and consumers represent the other side of the market. Just as newspapers impose positive prices on both advertisers and subscribers, it is (quite generally) efficient in two-sided markets for both sides of the market to contribute to the total price. Two-sided markets are characterized by a seesaw principle in which a lower price on one side of the market tends to give rise to a higher price on the other side of the market. Hence, a ban on paid prioritization of traffic delivery over broadband networks essentially requires consumers to pay the full freight. The FCC is therefore in the unenviable position of having to justify a policy to regulate broadband that is distinguished by being both economically inefficient and socially inequitable. While the courts are disposed to give deference to expert federal agencies under the Chevron Doctrine, the lack of economic foundation to justify broadband regulation promises to make this tough sledding for the FCC. The strategy on the part of the broadband providers will be to run out the clock with litigation in the hope that the political winds shift in their favor post 2016.