bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exponentially growing osteosarcoma of mandible with acromegaly
Authors: Choi Nayeon , Kim Seokhwi , Cho Jungkyu , Kim Byung Kil , Cho Young Sang , Jang Jeon Yeob , Baek Chung‐Hwan
Published: February 2016

Background

Osteosarcoma of the head and neck is aggressive malignancy that might be affected by growth hormone. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an unusual case of osteosarcoma with acromegaly.

Methods and Results

This case is about a 39‐year‐old woman with an osteosarcoma of the mandible, who had a history of exponential tumor growth in spite of chemotherapy at another hospital. She transferred to Samsung Medical Center and underwent a wide resection of tumor and free flap reconstruction. During postoperative care, a brain MRI and hormonal test revealed a growth hormone‐secreting pituitary adenoma, and then a transsphenoidal approach pituitary tumor removal was performed. Immunohistochemistry of the osteosarcoma indicated positive for insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)−2 and somatostatin receptor.

Conclusion

This study proved the IGF‐2 and somatostatin receptor from the osteosarcoma of the patient with acromegaly, and this could explain that the growth hormone secreting from the pituitary adenoma might be a risk factor of therapeutic intractability and growth acceleration of osteosarcoma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2432–E2436, 2016
An Analysis of Award‐Winning Refereed Articles From the Journals Sponsored by the Academy of Human Resource Development
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra , Hewapathirana Gertrude I. , Johnson Karen R. , Bowen Mauvalyn M.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the citation frequency and key themes of award‐winning refereed journal articles from the journals sponsored by the AHRD. The research questions guiding the study were: (1) How many awarded articles were cited? and (2) What key themes/trends emerged over time among award‐winning articles? Data were collected from 86 award‐winning referred articles published from 2002 to 2013 in the four HRD journals, including
ADHR
,
HRDI
,
HRDR
, and
HRDQ
. The findings included (1) that the article about supervisory coaching behavior by Ellinger, Ellinger, and Keller (2003) in
HRDQ
was the most frequently cited (174), and (2) that learning is a common theme across the four journals. Action learning, employee engagement, leadership, mentoring, employee/job satisfaction, and training were common themes between two journals. The implications and limitations are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.
Domino‐Ring Opening‐Cyclization (DROC) of Donor‐Acceptor (DA) Cyclopropanes
Authors: Talukdar Ranadeep , Saha Amrita , Ghorai Manas K.
Published: February 2016

A new concept called “domino‐ring opening‐cyclization (DROC)” has been introduced by us where both the reactive centres of the DA cyclopropane participate in the bond formation, with a suitable reagent bearing both nucleophilic and electrophilic terminals in a domino fashion. The present review is intended to concisely describe the evolution of this new concept.
Current practices in corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leach testing of cardiovascular metallic implants
Authors: Nagaraja Srinidhi , Di Prima Matthew , Saylor David , Takai Erica
Published: February 2016

In an effort to better understand current test practices and improve nonclinical testing of cardiovascular metallic implants, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a public workshop on Cardiovascular Metallic Implants: corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leaching. The following topics were discussed: (1) methods used for corrosion assessments, surface characterization techniques, and nickel leach testing of metallic cardiovascular implant devices, (2) the limitations of each of these in vitro tests in predicting in vivo performance, (3) the need, utility, and circumstances when each test should be considered, and (4) the potential testing paradigms, including acceptance criteria for each test. In addition to the above topics, best practices for these various tests were discussed, and knowledge gaps were identified. Prior to the workshop, discussants had the option to provide feedback and information on issues relating to each of the topics via a voluntary preworkshop assignment. During the workshop, the pooled responses were presented and a panel of experts discussed the results. This article summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and background information provided by workshop participants. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1330–1341, 2017.
Course of iron parameters in HFE‐hemochromatosis patients during initial treatment with erythrocytapheresis compared to phlebotomy
Authors: Rombout‐Sestrienkova Eva , Koek Ger H. , Neslo Rabin , van Kraaij Marian , Menheere Paul P. , Masclee Ad , Swinkels Dorine W.
Published: February 2016

Current treatment for newly diagnosed patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and iron overload consist of weekly phlebotomy or less frequent and more personalized erythrocytapheresis. Previous observations during phlebotomy suggest an increase in intestinal iron uptake caused by lowering of hepcidin as a result of intensive bloodletting. It is not known whether such an effect is present or even more pronounced using erythrocytapheresis since a larger amount of iron is extracted per procedure. In this study we aimed to assess the effect of erythrocytapheresis on the course of iron parameters, with special focus on serum hepcidin. We performed a retrospective proof‐of‐principle observational study, comparing serum iron parameters in 12 males during the depletion phase using either phlebotomy (n = 6) or erythrocytapheresis (n = 6). Decreases in serum ferritin over time were similar for both treatments but more pronounced using erythrocytapheresis when expressed per treatment procedure. Hemoglobin did not change during erythrocytapheresis, whereas during phlebotomy decreased with 10%. Increase of erythropoietin and soluble transferrin receptor and decrease in transferrin saturation were similar for both treatments. Reduction in serum hepcidin was higher (50% versus 25% of initial value) and occurred more early using phlebotomy (10 versus 20 weeks after start). In aggregate, compared to phlebotomy, the less frequent and more personalized erythrocytapheresis leads to a more pronounced decrease in serum ferritin per treatment procedure, without a larger decrease in serum hepcidin. This may be clinically relevant and may prevent an increase in intestinal iron uptake and an ensuing vicious circle of more frequent treatment procedures. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:564–570, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low temperature adaptation and the effects of cryoprotectants on mesorhizobia strains
Authors: Wdowiak‐Wróbel Sylwia , Małek Wanda , Palusińska‐Szysz Marta
Published: February 2016

In this study, the tolerance of Mesorhizobium sp. ACMP18, Mesorhizobium sp. USDA3350, and Mesorhizobium temperatum LMG23931 strains, to cold and freezing were investigated. The ability to withstand freezing at −20 °C and −70 °C for 24 months was different among the studied strains and depended on the cryoprotectant used. The survivability of mesorhizobial strains at −20 °C and −70 °C was significantly improved by some cryoprotectans (glycerol and sucrose/peptone). It is worth noting that the greatest resistance to freezing was detected when stress treatments were performed in glycerol as a cryoprotectant. Using PCR analysis, cspA genes were identified in the studied strains. Their nucleotide sequences were most similar to the sequences of the corresponding genes of the Mesorhizobium species. The expression of the cspA gene in the studied bacteria was analyzed using the RT‐PCR technique. The fatty acid composition of the mesorhizobia was determined at 5, 10, 15, and 28 °C. It was noticed that growth temperature significantly affected the fatty acid composition and the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially that of cis‐vaccenic acid (18:1ɷ11), increased markedly in bacterial cells cultivated at 5, 10, and 15 °C.
Demographics of scholarly publishing and communication professionals
Authors: Greco Albert N. , Wharton Robert M. , Brand Amy
Published: February 2016

Scholarly publishing plays a pivotal role in the dissemination of research. While a great deal is known about the companies active in this sector, we need to know more about the employees of the firms that edit, produce, market, and distribute today's scholarly books and journals. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted an international survey in late 2014 and early 2015 of approximately 6,121 scholarly publishing employees in 33 nations. The researchers received 828 usable questionnaires. Some of the substantive findings about the respondents include: 90.79% identified themselves as white; 85.07% worked in scholarly publishing for more than 5 years; 60% held graduate or professional degrees; and 49% worked in editorial departments. Key suggestions include the need for annual surveys of this type and that the majority of scholarly publishing firms need to address the issue of diversity.
Nonlinear switching and solitons in PT‐symmetric photonic systems
Authors: Suchkov Sergey V. , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Huang Jiahao , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Lee Chaohong , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: February 2016

One of the challenges of the modern photonics is to develop all‐optical devices enabling increased speed and energy efficiency for transmitting and processing information on an optical chip. It is believed that the recently suggested Parity‐Time (PT) symmetric photonic systems with alternating regions of gain and loss can bring novel functionalities. In such systems, losses are as important as gain and, depending on the structural parameters, gain compensates losses. Generally, PT systems demonstrate nontrivial non‐conservative wave interactions and phase transitions, which can be employed for signal filtering and switching, opening new prospects for active control of light. In this review, we discuss a broad range of problems involving nonlinear PT‐symmetric photonic systems with an intensity‐dependent refractive index. Nonlinearity in such PT symmetric systems provides a basis for many effects such as the formation of localized modes, nonlinearly‐induced PT‐symmetry breaking, and all‐optical switching. Nonlinear PT‐symmetric systems can serve as powerful building blocks for the development of novel photonic devices targeting an active light control.

image
Slurry aluminizing of IN‐800HT austenitic stainless steel and pure nickel. Correlations between experimental results and modelling of diffusion
Authors: Pedraza F. , Proy M. , Boulesteix C. , Krukovskyi P. , Metel M.
Published: February 2016

Slurry aluminide coatings were elaborated on IN‐800HT and pure Ni. After spray of the slurry, the annealing treatment was performed in Ar(g) at 400 °C for 3 h, then by 650 °C for up to 5 h. This brought about major Al diffusion into the substrate following parabolic kinetics. After 5 h at 650 °C, stabilization of the B2–(Fe,Ni)Al and β‐NiAl coatings in, respectively, the IN‐800HT and pure Ni substrates was achieved at 1100 °C for 1 h. The coatings were then exposed to air, argon and steam for 2000 h at 650 °C. The Al diffusion profiles were acquired by EDS analyses and were equivalent in Ar(g) and steam whereas significant consumption of Al occurred in the external coatings exposed to air. Five hundred hours annealing steps were thus carried out in Ar(g) to gather the Al composition profiles with exposure time till 2000 h to model diffusion and to estimate lifetime. These were performed using a numerical model and the so‐called inverse problem solution, which appeared to be unsuccessful due to the insufficient quality of experimental data expressed through a quantitative criterion (“informativity”). Some recommendations are proposed to increase the accuracy of the assessment of the model parameters.
Nucleation and Self‐Nucleation of Bio‐Based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) Probed by Fast Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Martino Lucrezia , Guigo Nathanaël , van Berkel Jesper Gabriël , Kolstad Jeffrey John , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas
Published: February 2016

The present work focuses on the influence of nucleation processes on the crystallization of bio‐based poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF). Nuclei formation has been studied by means of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) both when cooling from the melt (nonisothermal conditions) and when annealing at either low‐ or high‐temperatures (isothermal conditions). FSC results show that nucleation on cooling can be prevented by using fast rates allowing to keep the polymer in its amorphous state; whereas cooling at moderate rates results in sample nucleation with a subsequent increase of the crystallization rate. Isothermal pretreatment just above the PEF glass transition temperature (Tg) results in nuclei formation whose rate decreases when the nucleation temperature approaches PEF Tg. On the other hand, annealing below the PEF melting point allows determination of the sample self‐nucleation behavior which occurs in a very narrow temperature range, i.e., between 195 and 198 °C.

image
Optically controlled properties of nanoparticles stabilised by photochromic difurylethene‐base diarylethenes
Authors: Snegir S. , Mukha I. , Sysoiev D. , Lacaze E. , Huhn T. , Pluchery O.
Published: February 2016

In this manuscript we describe the development of a hybrid organometallic coating to be used on glass surface. This coating consists of gold nanoparticles covered by difurylethene‐based diarylethene (DAE) photochromic molecules which are investigated covalently bound on glass slides. Diarylethene being attached to the gold nanoparticles by thiol groups formed mainly disordered monolayer on the Au Np surface. Nanoparticles bearing the open‐ring form of DAE showing an up to 6 % increased intensity of the absorption band maximum at λ = 520 nm compared to unmodified nanoparticles. This value was even increased to 22 % when the nanoparticles ware covered with a monolayer of the closed ring DAE, revealing a strong variation of the local refractive index of gold nanoparticles. Moreover, besides modification of the gold nanoparticles refractive index, the DAEs interacted most probably with the local surface plasmon resonance excitation. This was evident by a blue shift of the absorbance band of the long wave absorbance of the nanoparticles instead of the expected red shift. Simultaneously with the observed blue shift a strong increase of intensity of the visible light absorption was observed.

The obtained results are discussed in view of the calculated values of visible‐light absorbance of gold nanoparticles chemically attached to glass slides.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is improved by transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical therapy
Authors: Manenti Rosa , Brambilla Michela , Benussi Alberto , Rosini Sandra , Cobelli Chiara , Ferrari Clarissa , Petesi Michela , Orizio Italo , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara , Cotelli Maria
Published: February 2016

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and cognitive deficits. In PD, physical exercise has been found to improve physical functioning. Recent studies demonstrated that repeated sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation led to an increased performance in cognitive and motor tasks in patients with PD.

Objectives

The present study investigated the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and combined with physical therapy in PD patients.

Methods

A total of 20 patients with PD were assigned to 1 of 2 study groups: group 1, anodal transcranial direct current stimulation plus physical therapy (n = 10) or group 2, placebo transcranial direct current stimulation plus physical therapy (n = 10). The 2 weeks of treatment consisted of daily direct current stimulation application for 25 minutes during physical therapy. Long‐term effects of treatment were evaluated on clinical, neuropsychological, and motor task performance at 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

An improvement in motor abilities and a reduction of depressive symptoms were observed in both groups after the end of treatment and at 3‐month follow‐up. The Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale and verbal fluency test performances increased only in the anodal direct current stimulation group with a stable effect at follow‐up.

Conclusions

The application of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation may be a relevant tool to improve cognitive abilities in PD and might be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD patients with mild cognitive impairment. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal Measurements of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hall Sara , Surova Yulia , Öhrfelt Annika ,   the Swedish BioFINDER Study, Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hansson Oskar
Published: February 2016

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau, phosphorylated tau, β‐amyloid42, α‐synuclein, neurofilament light, and YKL‐40 change over time and if changes correlate with motor progression and/or cognitive decline in patients with PD and controls.

Methods

We included 63 patients with PD (nondemented) and 21 neurologically healthy controls from the prospective and longitudinal Swedish BioFINDER study, all of whom had clinical assessments and lumbar punctures at baseline and after 2 years.

Results

CSF tau levels correlated strongly with α‐synuclein. The levels of CSF α‐synuclein, tau, phosphorylated tau, neurofilament light, and YKL‐40, but not β‐amyloid42, increased in CSF over 2 years in PD. No changes were seen in the control group. Studying patients with a short disease duration ( ≤ 5 years) and patients with a long disease duration ( > 5 years) separately, α‐synuclein and tau only increased in the PD group with long disease duration. In the PD group, an increase in phosphorylated tau over 2 years correlated with faster motor progression and faster cognitive decline. An increase in YKL‐40 over 2 years correlated with faster cognitive decline.

Conclusion

CSF biomarkers reflecting Lewy body pathology and neurodegeneration (α‐synuclein), neuronal degeneration (tau, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light), and inflammation (YKL‐40) increase significantly over 2 years in PD. CSF levels of α‐synuclein and tau correlate and remain stable in the early symptomatic phase of PD but increase in the later phase. We hypothesize that CSF α‐synuclein levels might increase as a result of more intense neurodegeneration in PD with long disease duration. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The anterolateral thigh fold‐over flap for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction
Authors: Paydarfar Joseph A. , Freed Gary L. , Gosselin Benoit J.
Published: February 2016

Background

We present a fold‐over technique for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction utilizing the ALT flap with the goal of increasing soft tissue bulk.

Methods

Retrospective review of total and subtotal glossectomy patients undergoing ALT fold‐over flap reconstruction from January 2007 to December 2012.

Results

Eight patients fit inclusion criteria. Average length of follow‐up was 35 months. There were no flap failures. At last follow‐up, no patients were tracheostomy dependent. Six out of 8 patients (75%) did not require a g‐tube and were able to maintain their weight. Speech intelligibility was good in 6/8 patients (75%).

Conclusions

The ALT fold‐over flap technique provides sufficient bulk to allow decannulation and airway protection as well as PO intake in most patients. Given the minimal donor site morbidity, it is our technique of choice for total and subtotal glossectomy defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:297–302, 2016.
Obesity and emotional well‐being in adolescents: Roles of body dissatisfaction, loss of control eating, and self‐rated health
Authors: Gall Kelly , van Zutven Kim , Lindstrom Joanna , Bentley Caroline , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Harrison Carmel , Lewis Vivienne , Mond Jonathan
Published: February 2016

Objective

Weak or inconsistent association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being in population‐based samples has led to efforts to identify mediating variables. This study examined the relative importance of body dissatisfaction (BD), loss of control (LOC) eating, and self‐rated health (SRH) in mediating the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being in a school‐based sample of adolescents (boys, n = 437; girls, n = 950).

Methods

Moderated mediation analysis was employed to assess the relative importance of the putative mediating variables and moderation of mediation effects by sex following the methods suggested by Hayes and coworkers.

Results

BD and SRH, but not LOC eating, were found to mediate the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being. Stronger mediation effects were observed for BD than for SRH. None of these results was moderated by sex.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that it may be important to target BD in obesity prevention and treatment programs in order to reduce the adverse impact of excess body weight on young people's emotional well‐being.
Conceptualization and Development of the Leg Activity Measure (LegA) for Patient and Carer Reported Assessment of Activity in the Paretic Leg
Authors: Ashford Stephen , Jackson Diana , Mahaffey Patrick , Vanderstay Roxana , Turner‐Stokes Lynne
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to develop a patient‐reported outcome measure of active and passive function in the paretic lower limb with associated spasticity.

Methods

Potential items for inclusion were identified through (1) systematic review and analysis of existing measures and (2) analysis of the primary goals for treatment in a spasticity service. Ethical approval for re‐evaluation of routinely collected data was received. Item reduction was achieved through consultation with a purposively selected group of experienced physiotherapists and occupational therapists (n = 16) in a two‐round Delphi process. This was followed by a review of Delphi consultation findings by the Project Advisory Group consisting of patients and carers.

Results

Development of the leg activity measure (LegA) included two rounds of Delphi consultation, which resulted in a high degree of agreement (80% in round 2) between respondents in rounds 1 and 2. From an initial shortlist of 126 items, 29 items were initially identified for inclusion in LegA and subsequently refined to a 24‐item (two sub‐scales) tool consisting of nine passive function and 15 active function items.

Discussion

The Delphi consultation with clinicians experienced in this area of practice ensured content validity and appropriate reduction of items. In common with previous work in the upper limb, a 5‐point ordinal scaling structure was chosen, with ratings based on activity over the preceding 7 days. The LegA is designed to measure passive and active function following focal interventions associated with spasticity in the lower limb. Content and face validity have initially been addressed within the development process. The next phase of development will involve formal evaluation of psychometric properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism and rate constants of the Cdc42 GTPase binding with intrinsically disordered effectors
Authors: Pang Xiaodong , Zhou Huan‐Xiang
Published: February 2016

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are often involved in signaling and regulatory functions, through binding to cellular targets. Many IDPs undergo disorder‐to‐order transitions upon binding. Both the binding mechanisms and the magnitudes of the binding rate constants can have functional importance. Previously we have found that the coupled binding and folding of any IDP generally follows a sequential mechanism that we term dock‐and‐coalesce, whereby one segment of the IDP first docks to its subsite on the target surface and the remaining segments subsequently coalesce around their respective subsites. Here we applied our TransComp method within the framework of the dock‐and‐coalesce mechanism to dissect the binding kinetics of two Rho‐family GTPases, Cdc42 and TC10, with two intrinsically disordered effectors, WASP and Pak1. TransComp calculations identified the basic regions preceding the GTPase binding domains (GBDs) of the effectors as the docking segment. For Cdc42 binding with both WASP and Pak1, the calculated docking rate constants are close to the observed overall binding rate constants, suggesting that basic‐region docking is the rate‐limiting step and subsequent conformational coalescence of the GBDs on the Cdc42 surface is fast. The possibility that conformational coalescence of the WASP GBD on the TC10 surface is slow warrants further experimental investigation. The account for the differences in binding rate constants among the three GTPase‐effector systems and mutational effects therein yields deep physical and mechanistic insight into the binding processes. Our approach may guide the selection of mutations that lead to redesigned binding pathways. Proteins 2016; 84:674–685. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Limiting oxygen concentrations of gases
Authors: Britton Laurence G. , Clouthier Martin P. , Harrison Benjamin K. , Rodgers Samuel A.
Published: February 2016

This article discusses technical and practical aspects of the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) including a detailed appraisal of possible sources of measurement error. LOC values obtained in the “classical” 5‐cm diameter, vertical tube apparatus have been described as nonconservative owing to flame quenching. However, much of the difference between classical LOC values and those obtained in closed vessels using ASTM E2079 is due to the change in the definition of “ignition.” Formerly defined as propagation of a visible flame through a vertical tube at least 1.5 m tall, which in a closed tube would typically generate an overpressure in excess of 100%, ignition is now defined as an overpressure that exceeds 7%. The small pressure rise criterion tends to underestimate the LOC in smaller test vessels, especially for tests made at elevated pressures and temperatures. More use should be made of ASTM E2079's flexibility regarding the use of larger pressure rise criteria. Having lost sight of the flame, it is important not to lose sight of the objective, namely to select test criteria that correctly predict the flammable limits pertaining to large volumes of gas mixture. Additional “reference quality” LOC data are needed both to improve the definition of “ignition” with respect to test vessel volume and to investigate the accuracy of LOC estimation techniques. Any large‐scale reference quality test program should investigate the effect of low levels of forced turbulence on measured LOC values.

The NFPA “Explosion Protection Systems” Technical Committee recently supported the development of two Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs) to NFPA 69 “Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems.” The first TIA resolves issues with the table of LOC values for gases, which had been modified and over‐corrected in the 2008–2014 editions. The second TIA introduces a simple method for estimating the LOCs of single gases and gas mixtures based on the equation LOC = LFL × S, where LFL is the lower flammable limit and S the molar stoichiometric ratio of oxygen to fuel. An Appendix describes the two TIA recommendations while a second Appendix describes how the estimating methods have been incorporated into ASTM's “CHETAH” Program. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 35: 107–114, 2016
Projections of Older Immigrants in France, 2008–2028
Authors: Rallu Jean‐Louis
Published: February 2016

Projections of elderly international migrants in France can provide data for social and health services to serve culturally and linguistically diverse elderly populations. In this regard, projections of future demographic trends are more useful than consideration of current migrant age structures, as the latter are biased. Often, immigrant children born in a host country are not counted with their parents for a variety of reasons. The paper evaluates the nature of return migration flows by older migrants. Although the volume of movement is lower than at younger working ages, immigration to France at older ages is significant and is made up mostly of women. However, the main component influencing trends in elderly migrants is age structure, which varies according to origin and migration history; were moves pre‐independence or post‐independence in relation to the country of origin: did they occur during an economic boom or bust; and how were they timed in relation to the policy environment? The paper shows how France's ‘closed‐border’ policy from 1975 onwards and subsequent family reunification impacted on migration trends of older people by sex. Looking to the future, the migrant communities of longest standing will increase slightly. Exceptions include the Italians and Spanish who will decline in size. Those who arrived later – Moroccans, Turks, and ‘others’ – will increase more than twofold, and sub‐Saharan Africans up to sixfold. The numbers of women will increase more rapidly than men. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Carbon‐Encapsulated Porous SnO2 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Much Improved Cyclic Stability
Authors: Huang Bin , Li Xinhai , Pei Yi , Li Shuang , Cao Xi , Massé Robert C. , Cao Guozhong
Published: February 2016

Porous SnO2 submicrocubes (SMCs) are synthesized by annealing and HNO3 etching of CoSn(OH)6 SMCs. Bare SnO2 SMCs, as well as bare commercial SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), show very high initial discharge capacity when used as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, during the following cycles most of the Li ions previously inserted cannot be extracted, resulting in considerable irreversibility. Porous SnO2 cubes have been proven to possess better electrochemical performance than the dense nanoparticles. After being encapsulated by carbon shell, the obtained yolk–shell SnO2 SMCs@C exhibits significantly enhanced reversibility for lithium‐ions storage. The reversibility of the conversion between SnO2 and Sn, which is largely responsible for the enhanced capacity, has been discussed. The porous SnO2 SMCs@C shows much increased capacity and cycling stability, demonstrating that the porous SnO2 core is essential for better lithium‐ion storage performance. The strategy introduced in this paper can be used as a versatile way to fabrication of various metal‐oxide‐based composites.
Toxicogenomic analysis of the pulmonary toxic effects of hexanal in F344 rat
Authors: Cho Yoon , Lim Jung‐hee , Song Mi‐Kyung , Jeong Seung‐Chan , Lee Kyuhong , Heo Yongju , Kim Tae Sung , Ryu Jae‐Chun
Published: February 2016

Hexanal is a major component of indoor air pollutants and is a kind of aldehydes; it has adverse effects on human health. We performed an in vivo inhalation study and transcriptomic analysis to determine the mode of toxic actions in response to hexanal. Fischer 344 rats of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to hexanal aerosol for 4 h day−1, 5 days week−1 for 4 weeks at 0, 600, 1000, and 1500 ppm. Throughout our microarray‐based genome‐wide expression analysis, we identified 56 differentially expressed genes in three doses of hexanal; among these genes, 11 genes showed dose‐dependent expression patterns (10 downregulated and 1 upregulated, 1.5‐fold, p < 0.05). Through a comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis of 11 genes, we determined that five genes (CCL12, DDIT4, KLF2, CEBPD, and ADH6) are linked to diverse disease categories such as cancer, respiratory tract disease, and immune system disease. These diseases were previously known for being induced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Our data demonstrated that the hexanal‐induced dose‐dependent altered genes could be valuable quantitative biomarkers to predict hexanal exposure and to perform relative risk assessments, including pulmonary toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 382–396, 2017.
Effects of lipopolysaccharide, multiwalled carbon nantoubes, and the combination on lung alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Pacurari M. , May I. , Tchounwou P. B.
Published: February 2016

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been shown to induce lung fibrosis in animal models, however the underlying molecular factors/mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MWCNT, and the combination of LPS and MWCNT on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and metalloproteinase‐12 (MMP‐9, MMP‐12), collagen 3A1 (Col3A1), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. MMPs are proteinases that degrade extracellular matrix and play a role in lung fibrosis. A549 cells were exposed to LPS (1 ng/mL), MWCNT (20 μg/mL), and the combination and analyzed for paracellular permeability, TGFβ, Col3A1, MMP‐9, MMP‐12, NF‐κB activation, and cell migration by real‐time PCR and immunofluorescence. LPS, the combination of LPS and MWCNT, and MWCNT only at the highest tested dose induced blue dextran extravasation. LPS and MWCNT increased the expression of TGFβ and its downstream target gene Col3A, and MMP‐9 and MMP‐12 mRNA. MWCNT potently induced cell migration toward wound healing, whereas LPS slightly induced cell migration. Both, LPS and MWCNT, induced NF‐κB nuclear translocation. Our results indicate that MWCNT activated alveolar epithelial cells to promote fibrogenesis, and that LPS differentially primes molecular factors involved in lung remodeling. These findings suggest a role of alveolar epithelial cells in fibrogenesis and also may aid in the design and development of tests for screening of fibrogenic agents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 445–455, 2017.
Enhanced cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum by cultivation on glycerol followed by induction on cellulosic substrates
Authors: da Silva Delabona Priscila , Lima Deise Juliana , Robl Diogo , Rabelo Sarita Cândida , Farinas Cristiane Sanchez , da Cruz Pradella José Geraldo
Published: February 2016

The use of glycerol obtained as an intermediate of the biodiesel manufacturing process as carbon source for microbial growth is a potential alternative strategy for the production of enzymes and other high-value bioproducts. This work evaluates the production of cellulase enzymes using glycerol for high cell density growth of Trichoderma harzianum followed by induction with a cellulosic material. Firstly, the influence of the carbon source used in the pre-culture step was investigated in terms of total protein secretion and fungal morphology. Enzymatic productivity was then determined for cultivation strategies using different types and concentrations of carbon source, as well as different feeding procedures (batch and fed-batch). The best strategy for cellulase production was then further studied on a larger scale using a stirred tank bioreactor. The proposed strategy for cellulase production, using glycerol to achieve high cell density growth followed by induction with pretreated sugarcane bagasse, achieved enzymatic activities up to 2.27 ± 0.37 FPU/mL, 106.40 ± 8.87 IU/mL, and 9.04 ± 0.39 IU/mL of cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase, respectively. These values were 2 times higher when compared to the control experiments using glucose instead of glycerol. This novel strategy proved to be a promising approach for improving cellulolytic enzymes production, and could potentially contribute to adding value to biomass within the biofuels sector.
Modeling correlates of low bone mineral density in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Coakley Kathryn E. , Douglas Teresa D. , Goodman Michael , Ramakrishnan Usha , Dobrowolski Steven F. , Singh Rani H.
Published: February 2016

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder requiring life‐long restriction of dietary protein and phenylalanine‐free medical food. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is reported, but factors associated with BMD Z‐score (standard deviations from normal) are unknown. We examined associations between clinical and dietary parameters and total BMD Z‐score in PAH deficiency patients, and developed models to predict Z‐score. Data collected from patients >4 years of age (n = 88; mean age = 18.8 y; 61 % female) included demographic, clinical, laboratory, and dietary intakes. Adjusted Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between parameters and TBMD Z‐score, measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Parameters approaching significance (p‐value < 0.10) were candidate predictors for four linear regression models predicting TBMD Z‐score. To validate, model‐predicted Z‐scores were compared to DXA Z‐scores. Mean TBMD Z‐score was −0.326; 18 (20.4 %) had Z‐score < −1. Z‐scores were positively correlated with dietary vitamin D, calcium, and medical food intake and compliance with prescription, and negatively with dietary carbohydrate, sugar, caffeine intake, glycemic load, and prescribed medical food (grams protein/day; p‐value < 0.05). The best model included medical food compliance, medical food intake, caffeine intake, and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (r‐square = 0.364). This model predicted Z‐score category [normal or low (<−1)] with sensitivity = 66.7 %, likelihood ratio = 14.7, and AUC = 0.83 compared to DXA Z‐score. No subjects had low BMD for chronological age (Z‐score ≤ −2). Compliance with medical food prescription was the strongest predictor of TBMD Z‐score. One model, if validated in a separate sample of patients with more cases of low BMD, showed potential to estimate TBMD Z‐score using routine clinical patient parameters.
EOS® biplanar X-ray imaging: Concept, developments, benefits, and limitations
Authors: Melhem Elias , Assi Ayman , El Rachkidi Rami , Ghanem Ismat
Published: February 2016

Purpose

In 1992, Georges Charpak invented a new type of X-ray detector, which in turn led to the development of the EOS® 2D/3D imaging system. This system takes simultaneous anteroposterior and lateral 2D images of the whole body and can be utilized to perform 3D reconstruction based on statistical models. The purpose of this review is to present the state of the art for this EOS® imaging technique, to report recent developments and advances in the technique, and to stress its benefits while also noting its limitations.

Methods

The review was based on a thorough literature search on the subject as well as personal experience gained from many years of using the EOS® system.

Results

While EOS® imaging could be proposed for many applications, it is most useful in relation to scoliosis and sagittal balance, due to its ability to take simultaneous orthogonal images while the patient is standing, to perform 3D reconstruction, and to determine various relationships among adjacent segments (cervical spine, pelvis, and lower limbs). The technique has also been validated for the study of pelvic and lower-limb deformity and pathology in adult and pediatric populations; in such a study it has the advantage of allowing the measurement of torsional deformity, which classically requires a CT scan.

Conclusions

The major advantages of EOS® are the relatively low dose of radiation (50–80 % less than conventional X-rays) that the patient receives and the possibility of obtaining a 3D reconstruction of the bones. However, this 3D reconstruction is not created automatically; a well-trained operator is required to generate it. The EOS® imaging technique has proven itself to be a very useful research and diagnostic tool.
Characterization of tau positron emission tomography tracer [18F]AV‐1451 binding to postmortem tissue in Alzheimer's disease, primary tauopathies, and other dementias
Authors: Sander Kerstin , Lashley Tammaryn , Gami Priya , Gendron Thibault , Lythgoe Mark F. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Schott Jonathan M. , Revesz Tamas , Fox Nick C. , Årstad Erik
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Aggregation of tau is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, and tau imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) may allow early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We assessed binding of the PET tracer [18F]AV‐1451 in a range of dementias.

Methods

Phosphorimaging was used to quantify binding to postmortem brain tissue from 33 patients with different, histopathologically characterized, neurodegenerative dementias.

Results

[18F]AV‐1451 showed high specific binding in cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate binding in Pick's disease and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism‐17, and low but displaceable binding in corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, non–tau proteinopathies, and in controls without pathology. Tracer binding did not correlate with tau load within disease groups.

Discussion

[18F]AV‐1451 binds to tau in AD, and some other tauopathies. However, evidence for a non–tau binding site and lack of correlation between tracer binding and antibody staining suggest that reliable quantification of tau load with this tracer is problematic.
Transient ischemic attack: management in the emergency department and impact of an outpatient neurovascular clinic
Authors: Hosier Gregory W. , Phillips Stephen J. , Doucette Steve P. , Magee Kirk D. , Gubitz Gordon J.
Published: February 2016

Objectives

1) To evaluate whether transient ischemic attack (TIA) management in emergency departments (EDs) of the Nova Scotia Capital District Health Authority followed Canadian Best Practice Recommendations, and 2) to assess the impact of being followed up in a dedicated outpatient neurovascular clinic.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients discharged from EDs in our district from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 with a diagnosis of TIA. Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and propensity matched analyses were used to evaluate 90-day mortality and readmission.

Results

Of the 686 patients seen in the ED for TIA, 88.3% received computed tomography (CT) scanning, 86.3% received an electrocardiogram (ECG), 35% received vascular imaging within 24 hours of triage, 36% were seen in a neurovascular clinic, and 4.2% experienced stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death within 90 days. Rates of antithrombotic use were increased in patients seen in a neurovascular clinic compared to those who were not (94% v. 86.3%, p<0.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, vascular disease risk factors, and stroke symptoms, the risk of readmission for stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death was lower for those seen in a neurovascular clinic compared to those who were not (adjusted hazard ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.99, p=0.048).

Conclusion

The majority of patients in our study were treated with antithrombotic agents in the ED and investigated with CT and ECG within 24 hours; however, vascular imaging and neurovascular clinic follow-up were underutilized. For those with neurovascular clinic follow-up, there was an association with reduced risk of subsequent stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death.
Relative Poverty, Perceived Violence, and Support for Militant Politics: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Littman Rebecca , Malhotra Neil , Shapiro Jacob N.
Published: February 2016

Challenging conventional wisdom, previous research in South Asia and the Middle East has shown that poverty and exposure to violence are negatively correlated with support for militant organizations. Existing studies, however, provide evidence consistent with two potential mechanisms underlying these relationships: (1) the direct effects of poverty and violence on attitudes toward militant groups and (2) the psychological effects of perceptions of poverty and violence on attitudes. Isolating whether the psychological mechanism is an important one is critical for building theories of mass responses to political violence. We conducted a series of original, large-scale survey experiments in Pakistan (n=16,279) in which we randomly manipulated perceptions of both poverty and violence before measuring support for militant organizations. We find evidence that psychological perceptions do in part explain why the poor seem to be less supportive of militant political groups.
Could gestational diabetes mellitus be managed through dietary bioactive compounds? Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Santangelo Carmela , Zicari Alessandra , Mandosi Elisabetta , Scazzocchio Beatrice , Mari Emanuela , Morano Susanna , Masella Roberta
Published: February 2016

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious problem growing worldwide that needs to be addressed with urgency in consideration of the resulting severe complications for both mother and fetus. Growing evidence indicates that a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, extra-virgin olive oil and fish has beneficial effects in both the prevention and management of several human diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest data concerning the effects of dietary bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and PUFA on the molecular mechanisms regulating glucose homoeostasis. Several studies, mostly based onin vitroand animal models, indicate that dietary polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, positively modulate the insulin signalling pathway by attenuating hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory adipokines, and modifying microRNA (miRNA) profiles. Very few data about the influence of dietary exposure on GDM outcomes are available, although this approach deserves careful consideration. Further investigation, which includes exploring the ‘omics’ world, is needed to better understand the complex interaction between dietary compounds and GDM.
Endoscopic vocal fold injection using a 25-gauge butterfly needle
Authors: Buchanan M A , Riffat F , Palme C E
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To describe a useful technique for infiltrating a bulking agent using a butterfly needle, as part of a transoral endoscopic vocal fold medialisation procedure.

Methods:

This paper describes the procedure of grasping the needle with phonosurgery forceps and administering the injectate to the vocal fold through careful application of the syringe plunger via a length of rubber tubing from outside the mouth.

Results:

This procedure is performed routinely in our institution without complication. The advantages of this technique are discussed.

Conclusion:

This is a safe and easy method of injecting into a vocal fold.
A new species of Mysidium (Peracarida: Mysida: Mysidae) from the eastern tropical Pacific
Authors: Ortiz Manuel , Hendrickx Michel E. , Winfield Ignacio
Published: February 2016

A new species of Mysidium from the eastern tropical Pacific, Mexico, is described, representing the second species of this genus described for the Pacific Ocean and the eighth species reported worldwide. Mysidium pumae sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the genus by several characters including: the lanceolate appendix masculina, 3× as long as wide, tapering distally, with a distal tuft of 16 setae and an inner proximal tuft of more than 30 setae, the male pleopod 4 with endopod bearing 3 setae, the exopod with 4 articles, the modified seta from article 3 of the exopod bifid, telson 2.3× as long as wide, distally concave. A table with the main differences among all the known species in the genus is provided.