bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Youth Attending ART Follow-Up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Helina , Shumet Shegaye , Nassir Zebiba , Agidew Melkamu , Abebaw Dessie
Published: January 2019

Depression is most frequently and highly occurring common mental disorder in HIV/AIDS patients especially youth living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Method. In a cross sectional study, 507 HIV-positive young people from public health hospitals were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms. Morisky medication adherence rating scale, social support rating scale, and HIV stigma scale were the instruments used to assess the associated factors.Results. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was 35.5% (95% CI:31.3, 39.6). In multivariate analysis, age range between 20 and 24 years with (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.33,3.62), history of opportunistic infection (AOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.15,3.27), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.73, 95%CI:1.13,2.64, low social support (AOR=2.74, 95%CI:1.13,2.64), moderate social support (AOR=1.75 95% CI: 1.03,2.98), and stigma (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.35,3.14) were associated with depressive symptoms. The results suggest that prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was high. Prevention of opportunistic infection, stigma, and counseling for good medication adherence are necessary among HIV-positive youth.
Different Brain Activation after Acupuncture at Combined Acupoints and Single Acupoint in Hypertension Patients: An Rs-fMRI Study Based on ReHo Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiping , Cai Xiaowen , Wang Yanjie , Zheng Yu , Qu Shanshan , Zhang Zhinan , Yao Zengyu , Chen Guanghong , Tang Chunzhi , Huang Yong
Published: January 2019

Background. Acupuncture is proved to be effective on hypertension by numerous studies and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) is a widely used technique to study its mechanism. Along with lower blood pressure, patients with hypertension receiving acupuncture also presented improvement in function of cognition, emotion, language, sematic sensation, and so on. This study was a primary study to explore the acting path of acupuncture at combined acupoints in stimulated brain areas related to such functions. Methods. In this research, regional homogeneity (ReHo) was applied to analyze the Rs-fMRI image data of brain activities after acupuncture at LR3, KI3, and LR3+KI3 and to compare the differences of functional brain activities between stimulating combined acupoints and single acupoint under pathological conditions. A total of thirty hypertension patients underwent Rs-fMRI scanning before acupuncture treatment and then were randomly divided into three groups following random number table, the LR3 group (3 males and 7 females), the KI3 group (3 males and 7 females), and the LR3+ KI3 group (4 males and 6 females) for needling, respectively. When the 30-min treatment finished, they received a further Rs-fMRI scanning. The Rs-fMRI data before and after the acupuncture treatment were analyzed through ReHo. Results. Compared with preacupuncture, respectively, ReHo values increased in Brodmann areas (BAs) 3, 18, and 40 and decreased in BAs 7 and 31 in LR3+ KI3 group. However, ReHo values only decreased in BA7 of KI3 group while the results showed no significant difference of brain regions in LR3 group between pre- and postacupuncture. Compared with LR3 group, LR3+KI3 group exhibited decreased ReHo values in BAs 7, 9, and 31. Meanwhile, compared with KI3 group, LR3+KI3 group exhibited increased ReHo values in the BAs 2, 18, 30, and 40 and decreased ReHo values in BA13. Conclusion. Combined acupoints of LR3 and KI3 could act on wider brain areas than the sum of single acupoints, whose functions include emotional processing, cognition, somatic sensation, spatial orientation, language production, and vision.
Acute Hyperglycemia Due to Topical Corticosteroid Administration
Authors: Sue Laura Y. , Milanesi Anna
Published: January 2019

We present the case of a 71-year-old man with longstanding, previously well-controlled type 1 diabetes who developed acute hyperglycemia. His insulin requirements, via his insulin pump, increased to nearly five times his typical daily dose. The patient was admitted for evaluation and treatment and started on an insulin infusion. He had minimal insulin requirements with the insulin infusion. History revealed recent use of a super potent topical corticosteroid for a psoriasis flare. The patient was transitioned back to his insulin pump, using his prior to admission settings. He was advised to discontinue using his topical corticosteroid. He had no further hyperglycemic episodes. The clinical presentation is suggestive of corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia, suggesting that clinically significant changes can occur even with short duration use, particularly with high potency steroids used. This is to our knowledge the first case reported in which the patient required a very significant amount of extra insulin (nearly five times his typical total daily dose) after using high potency topical steroid cream. This case highlights the potentially detrimental effect of topical corticosteroid use in patients with diabetes.
A Novel Cognitive Opportunistic Communication Framework for Coal Mines
Authors: Hu Qingsong , Ding Juan , Li Shiyin
Published: January 2019

The dynamic advancement and harsh environment of coal mines often result in intermittent or regional wireless connection between sending nodes and receiving nodes and then lead to the decrease of transmission success ratio and even failure. To solve this problem, the environmental cognition and best‐effort transmission are both demanded. Here we proposed a novel communication framework for coal mines based on a cognitive opportunistic concept to address the wireless network communication problems in coal mines, which consists of the node mobility model in coal mines, cooperative cognition of the time‐varying communication environment, and the opportunistic routing of intermittent or regional connection scenarios. To realize this framework, real time neighbor discovering mechanisms and mobility perceiving strategies, called environment cognition, must be deeply investigated to predict the trends of node movement. The obtained results of environment cognition are then used to analyze current channel characteristics in order to determine and set optimum communication system parameters and reduce the probability of intermittent or regional connection. To address those unavoidable situations of the intermittent or regional connection, the opportunistic routing mechanism is brought forward to provide relatively stable data transmission. Finally, as an example of cognitive opportunistic mine communication of this framework, personnel evacuation under an emergency is discussed.
Hemorrhagic Spinal Schwannoma in Thoracolumbar Area with Total Paraplegia
Authors: Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir , Wisnubaroto Rizky Priambodo , Kurniawati Tri , Latsarizul Alfariq Senja Belantara , Chairani Nuryati
Published: January 2019

Hemorrhagic schwannoma in the medulla spinalis is a rare occurrence. It is a variant of the slow-growing nerve sheath tumor that usually has subtle clinical symptoms. Injury to the spinal schwannoma that was previously suspected by spinal manipulations may accelerate the progression of symptoms and cause an acute presentation of paraplegia. We report a case of a patient that was suspected of an intradural tumor with paraparesis that initially refused treatment. Spinal manipulation procedures were performed outside of the hospital setting with subsequent advancement of paraparesis. A surgical intervention was performed, which found that the tumor mass has grown along with hemorrhage within the schwannoma. The bleeding within the mass may have caused the acute paraplegia that is rarely reported. The patient had a fair improvement on her lower motor extremity function from 1‐2 to 3‐4 out of 5 at six‐month follow-up.
Multi‐Target Strike Path Planning Based on Improved Decomposition Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Ming , Yang RenNong , Wu Jun , Zhang Huan
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a path‐finding model for multi‐target strike planning. The model evaluates three elements, i.e., the target value, the aircraft’s threat tolerance, and the battlefield threat, and optimizes the striking path by constraining the balance between mission execution and the combat survival. In order to improve the speed of the Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), we use the conjugate gradient method for optimization. A Gaussian perturbation is added to the search points to make their distribution closer to the population distribution. The simulation shows that the proposed method effectively chooses its target according to the target value and the aircraft’s acceptable threat value, completes the strike on high value targets, evades threats, and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the multi‐objective optimization model.
Image Evolution Using 2D Power Spectra
Authors: Gircys Michael , Ross Brian J.
Published: January 2019

Procedurally generated images and textures have been widely explored in evolutionary art. One active research direction in the field is the discovery of suitable heuristics for measuring perceived characteristics of evolved images. This is important in order to help influence the nature of evolved images and thereby evolve more meaningful and pleasing art. In this regard, particular challenges exist for quantifying aspects of style and shape. In an attempt to bridge the divide between computer vision and cognitive perception, we propose the use of measures related to image spatial frequencies. Based on existing research that uses power spectral density of spatial frequencies as an effective metric for image classification and retrieval, we posit that Fourier decomposition can be effective for guiding image evolution. We refine fitness measures based on Fourier analysis and spatial frequency and apply them within a genetic programming environment for image synthesis. We implement fitness strategies using 2D Fourier power spectra and phase, with the goal of evolving images that share spectral properties of supplied target images. Adaptations and extensions of the fitness strategies are considered for their utility in art systems. Experiments were conducted using a variety of greyscale and colour target images, spatial fitness criteria, and procedural texture languages. Results were promising, in that some target images were trivially evolved, while others were more challenging to characterize. We also observed that some evolved images which we found discordant and “uncomfortable” show a previously identified spectral phenomenon. Future research should further investigate this result, as it could extend the use of 2D power spectra in fitness evaluations to promote new aesthetic properties.
Treatment Effects of Jinlingzi Powder and Its Extractive Components on Gastric Ulcer Induced by Acetic Acid in Rats
Authors: Zhao Xueying , Li Ji , Meng Yonghai , Cao Mingming , Wang Jianwei
Published: January 2019

Jinlingzi powder comprises Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. and Corydalis yanhusuo (Y.H. Chou & Chun C.Hsu) W.T. Wang ex Z.Y. Su & C.Y. Wu and is usually applied in clinic as traditional Chinese medicine for pain. The present study aims to investigate the therapeutic actions of Jinlingzi powder and its extracted components and theirs treatment mechanism on the acetic acid induced-gastric ulcer in rats. The gastric ulcer model was induced by the administration of acetic acid in rats (84 male). Jinlingzi powder water decoction, its polysaccharide, and nonalkaloid and alkaloid components were used to investigate the therapeutic actions on the acetic acid induced-gastric ulcer by measuring the related pharmacy and pharmacodynamic factors, including ulcer index, ulcer area, ulcer healing rate, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neurotensin (NT), platelet activating factor (PAF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat serum, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain tissue, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in gastric tissue. Among the various groups, Jinlingzi powder and the nonalkaloid components caused significant changes in IL-8, TNF-α, NT, PAF TXB2, and VEGF values in the serum. The AChE content in the rats’ brain tissue was also reduced after using Jinlingzi powder and the nonalkaloid components. Additionally, Jinlingzi powder and the nonalkaloid components considerably affect the amount of PGE2 and bFGF in a rat’s stomach tissue. Therefore, Jinlingzi powder and the nonalkaloid components can effectively inhibit neutral neutrophil activation, prevent capillaries thrombosis, and protect gastric mucosa. Thus, the nonalkaloid components of the Jinlingzi powder play a key role in the treatment of gastric ulcer.
Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Enzymatic Determination of Glucose and Cholesterol in Serum Samples
Authors: Torres-Gamez Jessica , Rodriguez Jose A. , Paez-Hernandez M. Elena , Galan-Vidal Carlos A.
Published: January 2019

A method using UV-Vis spectroscopy and multivariate tools for simultaneous determination of glucose and cholesterol was developed in this paper. The method is based on the development of the reaction between the analytes (cholesterol and glucose) and enzymatic reagents. The spectra were analyzed by partial least squares regression and artificial neural networks. The precision estimated between nominal and calculate concentration demonstrate that artificial neural network model was adequate to quantify both analytes in serum samples, since the % relative error obtained was in the interval from 5.1 to 8.3. The proposed model was applied to analyze blood serum samples, and the results are similar compared to those obtained employing the reference method.
Thermodynamic Insights into the Separation of Carotenoids in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Marchetti Nicola , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Catani Martina , Pasti Luisa , Cavazzini Alberto
Published: January 2019

The retention mechanism of four major carotenoids, two xanthophylls (i.e., lutein and zeaxanthin) and two carotenes (i.e., lycopene and β-carotene), was investigated in reversed-phase liquid chromatography with the aim of thermodynamic analysis. The experimental variables considered in this study were the composition of mobile phase (MP) and the temperature. Chromatographic elutions were undertaken under linear, isocratic conditions by using a C18 stationary phase, four different MP compositions (by varying the ratio methanol/acetonitrile from 66.5/28.5 to 47.5/47.5 v/v), and column temperatures in the range 283–313 K. Traditional Van’t Hoff analysis has been used to estimate changes of standard enthalpy (ΔH∘) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG∘) associated with the solute transfer from the mobile to the stationary phase at each mobile phase composition. The thermodynamic quantities have been correlated to the structure of investigated carotenoids and their interaction with the octadecyl silica stationary phase.
Service Risk Evaluation of the General Contract for Coal Mine Production and Operation: Case Study at Shendong Jinjie Coal Mine in China
Authors: Luo Bo , Zhang Jinsuo , Li Zhenyu
Published: January 2019

While specialized services continue to be developed in the mining industry, there has been a lack of corresponding risk management research in China. This study develops a risk assessment index framework of general contract for mine production and operational specialized service. From previous research, the risk factors for specialized mine production and operation services are identified and the index framework is set up. An index weight is established using Delphi and set‐valued statistics‐triangular fuzzy number method, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to assess the mine production and operation risks. With the Jinjie Coal Mine of the Shendong Coal Group selected as a test case, this shows that safety risk, environmental risk, and economic risk belong to level II. Management risk, resources risk, contract risk, and technological risk belong to level I, and the total risk of Jinjie coal mine belongs to level II. The results of the case study indicated that the proposed prevention and control strategies offered a better guide for the risk management practices for the specialized services at Shendong Coal Group.
Serum Nickel and Titanium Levels after Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects with Amplatzer Septal Occluder
Authors: Elkiran Ozlem , Karakurt Cemsit , Kocak Gulendam , Taskapan Cagatay
Published: January 2019

Introduction. There is a concern about release of nickel and titanium after implantation of nitinol-containing devices.Objective. To evaluate serum nickel and titanium release after implantation of Amplatzer occluder.Materials and methods. In 38 pediatric patients with no history of nickel sensitivity, blood samples were drawn 24 hours before and 24 hours, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. Nickel and titanium concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results. The median serum nickel level which was 0.44 ng/mL before the implantation increased to 1.01 ng/mL 24 hours after implantation and 1.72 ng/mL one month after implantation. The maximum level was detected 3 months after implantation, with a median level of 1.96 ng/mL. During follow-up, the nickel levels decreased to those measured before implantation. Serum nickel levels at the 24th hour, 1st month, and 3rd month following implantation were found to have increased significantly. No patients showed a detectable serum titanium level.Discussion. This is the first study that evaluated both serum nickel and titanium release after implantation of the Amplatzer occluder. Our study shows that nickel is released from the device in the first few months after implantation. Therefore, in patients with nickel allergy, other devices may be considered.
The Quality Control of Tea by Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Zhu Ming-Zhi , Wen Beibei , Wu Hao , Li Juan , Lin Haiyan , Li Qin , Li Yinhua , Huang Jianan , Liu Zhonghua
Published: January 2019

Tea is known to be one of the most popular beverages enjoyed by two-thirds of the world’s population. Concern of variability in tea quality is increasing among consumers. It is of great significance to control quality for commercialized tea products. As a rapid, noninvasive, and nondestructive instrumental technique with simplicity in sample preparation, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy has been proved to be one of the most advanced and efficient tools for the control quality of tea products in recent years. In this article, we review the most recent advances and applications of NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for the quality control of tea, including the measurement of chemical compositions, the evaluation of sensory attributes, the identification of categories and varieties, and the discrimination of geographical origins. Besides, challenges and future trends of tea quality control by NIR spectroscopy are also presented.
Perturbation Bound for the Drazin Inverse of the Matrix-Value Function
Authors: Qin Yonghui , Xie Zhenshu , Liu Xiaoji
Published: January 2019

The perturbation analysis of the differential for the Drazin inverse of the matrix-value function A(t)∈Cn×n is investigated. An upper bound of the Drazin inverse and its differential is also considered. Applications to the perturbation bound for the solution of the matrix-value function coefficients some matrix equations are given.
One-Year Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Stenotic Bicuspid versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
Authors: Quintana Raymundo A. , Monlezun Dominique J. , DaSilva-DeAbreu Adrian , Sandhu Uday G. , Okwan-Duodu Derick , Ramírez Jonanlis , Denktas Ali E. , Jneid Hani , Paniagua David
Published: January 2019

Objective. To assess 1-year mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis (AS). Background. Clinical trials have proven the beneficial effect of TAVR on mortality in patients with tricuspid AS. Individuals with bicuspid AS were excluded from these trials. Methods. A meta-analysis using literature search from the Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalTrials, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted to determine the effect of TAVR on 1-year mortality in patients with bicuspid AS. Short-term outcomes that could potentially impact one-year mortality were analyzed. Results. After evaluating 380 potential articles, 5 observational studies were selected. A total of 3890 patients treated with TAVR were included: 721 had bicuspid and 3,169 had tricuspid AS. No statistically significant difference between the baseline characteristics of the two groups of patients was seen outside of mean aortic gradient. Our primary endpoint of one-year all-cause mortality revealed 85 deaths in 719 patients (11.82%) with bicuspid AS compared to 467 deaths in 3100 patients (15.06%) with tricuspid AS, with no difference between both groups [relative risk (RR) 1.03; 95% CI 0.70-1.51]. Patients with bicuspid AS were associated with a decrease in device success (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45-0.84) and an increase in moderate-to-severe prosthetic valve regurgitation (RR 1.55; 95% CI 1.07-2.22) after TAVR compared to patients with tricuspid AS. The effect of meta-regression coefficients on one-year all-cause mortality was not statistically significant for any patient baseline characteristics. Conclusion. When comparing TAVR procedure in tricuspid AS versus bicuspid AS, there was no difference noted in one-year all-cause mortality.
Ideas sobre la escrófula en Chile, antes de 1882
Authors: Duarte García de Cortázar Ignacio
Published: January 2019

Resumen Desde la antigüedad la escrófula o lamparón era descrita como tumefacción crónica de ganglios linfáticos cervicales, que afectaba principalmente a niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. Se pensaba que algunas veces también podía comprometer otras partes del cuerpo y cursar con caquexia letal. En el presente artículo se intentó indagar las ideas reinantes en Chile sobre las características y tratamiento de la escrófula, antes del descubrimiento del bacilo tuberculoso. Se revisaron estadísticas principalmente hospitalarias, textos extranjeros disponibles y opiniones de médicos que trabajaron en Chile. Se consignaba el diagnóstico de escrófula en aproximadamente 2,2% de los pacientes, y tisis en 3,8%. Sin embargo, ambas condiciones  pueden haber sido inadecuadamente identificadas, especialmente debido a sub-diagnóstico de tisis pulmonar en casos clasificados como neumonía o pleuresía. En el tiempo descrito se opinaba que la escrófula era causada principalmente por transmisión hereditaria, alimentación inadecuada o sífilis en individuos predispuestos por un temperamento linfático. No se encontraron textos chilenos en que se normaran criterios para el diagnóstico de escrófula. Para el tratamiento se mencionaban plantas medicinales y algunos compuestos químicos administrados en infusiones o emplastos. Quedan dudas para interpretar lo que se pensaba sobre el significado y límites de las condiciones denominadas escrófula, escrofuloso y tisis.  Este problema se aprecia también en la literatura clínica internacional y  se atribuye principalmente al insuficiente desarrollo científico y metodológico de la medicina de la época.
Potenciales riesgos y beneficios de la marihuana y su legislación
Authors: Nitsche Royo María Pía , Fischman Alexandra , Trebilcock Juan José , Zamorano Nicolás
Published: January 2019

Introducción: la prevalencia del consumo de marihuana en Chile ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, lo que se ha asociado a una disminución en la percepción de su riesgo y de una mayor accesibilidad. Este cambio epidemiológico es preocupante debido a los múltiples riesgos y efectos adversos asociados al consumo de cannabis, los que se encuentran avalados por la evidencia disponible. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica narrativa de la literatura, usándose como estrategia de búsqueda los términos: cannabis/marihuana-medicinal, cannabis/marihuana-efectos adversos, cannabis/marihuana-legislación. Dentro de los criterios de selección de los estudios se consideró la fecha de publicación, el diseño y la relevancia de éstos. Resultados: el cannabis ha demostrado potenciales efectos adversos a nivel cognitivo, psiquiátrico, estructural cerebral, entre otros. No existen evidencias suficientes que avalen el uso del cannabis medicinal donde sus beneficios no superan sus riesgos. La experiencia a nivel internacional de tender a una legislación más flexible en torno al cannabis ha propiciado consecuencias negativas a nivel poblacional y al menos hasta el momento no han cumplido los objetivos planteados. Conclusiones: en Chile actualmente está en discusión en el Senado un proyecto de ley más permisivo frente al uso de esta planta. Esto lleva implícito el riesgo de una mayor disminución en la percepción de riesgo y un aumento de la accesibilidad, lo cual podría provocar un mayor consumo en poblaciones vulnerables, con todos los riesgos y costos que esto podría traer asociado. Es preciso, entonces, plantear que se requiere un marco regulatorio capaz de proteger a la población, y que, de legislarse la aprobación del uso medicinal de la marihuana, se haga solo una vez que se compruebe rigurosamente que, tanto a modo individual como a nivel país, los beneficios de la legalización sean mayores a los riesgos.
Bacterial Translocation and Risk of Liver Cancer in a Finnish Cohort
Authors: Yang Baiyu , Petrick Jessica L. , Thistle Jake E. , Pinto Ligia A. , Kemp Troy J. , Tran Hao Quang , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Waterboer Tim , Fedirko Veronika , Jenab Mazda , Graubard Barry I. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Albanes Demetrius , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Elevated systemic exposure to gut-derived bacterial products has been associated with hepatic inflammation and chronic liver diseases, potentially increasing the risk of liver cancer. However, only one prior study prospectively examined exposure to bacterial products in the circulation and risk of liver cancer, with a relatively limited coverage of biomarkers.

Methods:

We conducted a nested case–control study (224 liver cancer cases and 224 matched controls) in a large cohort of Finnish male smokers followed from baseline (1985–1988) to 2014. The associations between a panel of biomarkers for bacterial translocation and the risk of liver cancer were assessed using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. The biomarkers included immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin, soluble CD14 (an LPS coreceptor), and the LPS-binding protein.

Results:

Anti-flagellin IgA [odds ratios (OR), 2.79; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.34–5.78; Ptrend = 0.01] and anti-LPS IgA (2.44; 95% CI, 1.33–4.48; Ptrend < 0.01) were significantly associated with risk of liver cancer. When restricting the analysis to histologically classified hepatocellular carcinoma, the ORs were 4.18 (95% CI, 1.60–10.92; Ptrend < 0.01) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.16–5.29; Ptrend < 0.01), respectively. The results were not substantially changed after excluding cases diagnosed within the first 5 years of follow-up and those with hepatitis C virus infection.

Conclusions:

Antibodies to flagellin and LPS were associated with increased risk of liver cancer.

Impact:

Gut-derived bacterial translocation into the circulation may play a role in the development of primary liver cancer. Our findings could contribute to the understanding of primary liver cancer etiology and further prevention efforts.
Impact of the Ageing Population on the Burden of Stroke: The Dijon Stroke Registry
Authors: Béjot Yannick , Bailly Henri , Graber Mathilde , Garnier Lucie , Laville Annabel , Dubourget Lucile , Mielle Nathalie , Chevalier Corinne , Durier Jérôme , Giroud Maurice
Published: January 2019

Background: We aimed to evaluate the impact of the ageing population on temporal trends in burden of stroke and to provide projections for the coming years. Methods: Stroke cases (ischemic strokes, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages, or undetermined strokes) were prospectively identified between 1987 and 2015 in Dijon, France, using a population-based registry. Age-standardized incidence rates of first-ever and recurrent stroke were calculated, and their temporal trends were assessed using age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rate ratios (RR). Results: The population of Dijon increased by 3.8% over time, with an increase by 28% in the number of residents aged ≥75 years. We recorded 5,899 strokes including 5,101 patients with a first-ever event. Incidence of first-ever stroke was stable both in people < 75 and ≥75 years old, but an increase in standardized incidence rates of total strokes was noted due to a rise in the incidence of recurrent stroke (from 4.7/100,000/year in 1987–1994 to 12.3/100,000/year in 2009–2015 in people < 75 years old, RR 1.036; p < 0.001; from 74/100,000/year in 1987–1994 to 200/100,000/year in 2009–2015 in people ≥75 years, RR 1.040; p < 0.001). The absolute number of first-ever strokes increased by 43%, and that of total stroke events rose by 58% over time, with a more pronounced increase in people ≥75 years old (+47 and +65% respectively). The annual number of patients who survived > 90 days after a first-ever stroke increased by 90%. According to demographic projections, the total number of strokes will increase by 55% (+65% patients ≥75 years, and +25% patients < 75 years) by 2,030 in Dijon. Conclusions: Ageing and growth of the population led to a rise in the absolute number of strokes, especially in the elderly, that is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. Improved stroke care was accompanied with an increase in stroke survivors that contributed to a rise in recurrent events. Urgent action is needed to meet this epidemiological challenge.
Social Loneliness after Divorce: Time-Dependent Differential Benefits of Personality, Multiple Important Group Memberships, and Self-Continuity
Authors: Lampraki Charikleia , Jopp Daniela S. , Spini Dario , Morselli Davide
Published: January 2019

Background: Critical events in the second half of life, such as divorce, pose a significant threat to well-being. Individuals undergoing divorce often experience feelings of social loneliness and may benefit differently from available resources depending on how much time has passed since the event. Personality traits have been found to be related to adaptation, with particularly strong effects immediately after the critical event. Other resources, such as identity-stabilizing mechanisms (i.e., valued social groups and self-continuity), may play a role only later in adaptation. However, little is known about the benefits of these resources and their potentially time-dependent effects on social loneliness when one is overcoming later-life divorce. Objectives: This study investigates the role of psychological (e.g., personality, self-continuity, multiple important group memberships) and social resources (e.g., new partner, having someone to help deal with divorce) for social loneliness in two post-divorce phases, using a married group as the reference, controlling for sociodemographic aspects and health. Methods: A representative sample of 850 divorced (aged 40–79 years) and 869 married individuals (aged 40–78 years) living in Switzerland were compared, using multiple regression analyses. Results: Differential predictive patterns for social loneliness between the two divorced groups and the married group were observed. For the short-term divorced (up to 2 years after divorce), higher extroversion and agreeableness and lower neuroticism were associated with lower levels of loneliness. For the long-term divorced (2–5 years after divorce) and for those who remained married, extroversion was similarly important for loneliness. Additionally, higher levels of self-continuity and multiple group memberships predicted lower loneliness, but the short-term divorced did not benefit from them. Having someone to help overcome the divorce benefited members of both divorced groups. A new partner was related to less loneliness, but only in the long-term divorced group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the effects of psychological and social resources on social loneliness vary by adaptation phase. Although extroversion is beneficial for all divorced and married individuals, other personality traits play a more decisive role in the initial adaptation phase. Identity-promoting resources (i.e., multiple group memberships, perceived self-continuity) are beneficial only later in the adaptation process. To be successful, professional interventions must be tailored as needed.
A Complete Absence of Missense Mutation in Myosin Regulatory and Essential Light Chain Genes of South Indian Hypertrophic and Dilated Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Rani Deepa Selvi , Nallari Pratibha , Rani Jhansi , Nizamuddin Sheikh , Seelamneni Thulasamma , Narasimhan Calambur , Thangaraj Kumarasamy
Published: January 2019

Background: Myosin is a hexameric contractile protein composed of 2 heavy chains associated with 4 light chains of 2 distinct classes – 2 regulatory light chains (MYL2) and 2 essential light chains (MYL3). The myosin light chains stabilize the long alpha helical neck of the myosin head and regulate the myosin ATPase activities. Objectives: Mutations in MYL2 and MYL3 are reported to be associated with cardiomyopathies. However, there is no study available on these genes in Indian cardiomyopathies, and therefore we planned to study them. Method: For the first time we sequenced MYL2 and MYL3 genes in a total of 248 clinically well-characterized cardiomyopathies consisting of 101 hypertrophic and 147 dilated cases along with 207 healthy controls from south India. Results: Our study revealed a total of 10 variations – 7 in MYL2 and 3 in MYL3, of which 3 are novel variations observed exclusively in cases. However, the 15 causative missense mutations previously reported are totally absent in our study, which showed that the sequences of MYL2 and MYL3 are highly conserved in Indian cases/controls. Conclusions: MYL2 and MYL3 mutations are rare and the least cause of cardiomyopathies in Indians.
Accommodations and Adaptations to Overcome Workplace Disability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paulides Emma , Gearry Richard B. , de Boer Nanne K.H. , Mulder Chris J.J. , Bernstein Charles N. , McCombie Andrew M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, incurable diseases which are often characterized by unpredictable flares and troubling symptoms which can interfere with a patient’s ability to work. Accommodations in the workplace can help persons with IBD to cope with their illness and work effectively. We systematically reviewed all studies regarding workplace disability in IBD patients. Summary: Systematic searches were undertaken on February 5 and March 5, 2018, for the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL, for studies that addressed workplace needs, accommodations and adaptations using survey tools. Of 430 studies screened, 54 met initial eligibility criteria and then 6 studies were ultimately included, with a total of 7,700 participants. Five studies were quantitative, and 1 study was qualitative. Common themes were the importance of reasonable adjustments and accommodations in the workplace, mixed with the finding that a significant proportion reported that they had some difficulty arranging accommodations. Adaptations most required were access to a toilet or toilet breaks and time to go to medical appointments. Key Messages: People with IBD often need accommodations, but many do not ask or have difficulty arranging it. Better resources are needed to inform people with IBD about the possibilities for workplace accommodations and practical strategies to request them.
A Novel Predictive Nomogram for Early Endoscopic Recurrence after Intestinal Resection for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Ikeda Atsuyo , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Fujino Shiki , Iijima Hideki , Takahashi Hidekazu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Nishimura Junichi , Hata Taishi , Matsuda Chu , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Mizushima Tsunekazu
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: Endoscopic recurrence (ER) after intestinal resection for Crohn’s disease (CD) precedes the clinical recurrence, and the severity of ER correlates with the severity of the subsequent clinical recurrence. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to early ER after intestinal resection for CD and to create a prediction model. Methods: The patients who underwent intestinal resection for CD between April 2008 and April 2017 and took endoscopic evaluation between 6 and 12 months after surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 15 out of 52 (29%) patients developed early ER. A univariate analysis demonstrated that early ER was significantly correlated with history of prior intestinal resections for CD (p = 0.005), low preoperative albumin levels (p = 0.035), and excessive perioperative inflammation (i.e., high C-reactive protein levels in both preoperative and postoperative periods; p = 0.034). Based on these clinical factors, a nomogram for predicting early ER was created with the area under the curve 0.808. Conclusion: We developed a novel predictive nomogram for early ER after intestinal resection for CD. This prediction model might assist clinicians in managing patients with CD after an intestinal resection. Additional validation studies are currently being developed.
Metalografia e análise de falhas: casos selecionados ( 1933-2003)
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica, Azevedo Cesar Roberto de Farias , Cescon Tibério ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica
Published: January 2019

A publicação resgata a contribuição técnica prestada pelo IPT, ou, mais precisamente, por seu histórico Laboratório de Metalografia e Análise de Falhas, entre 1933 e 2003, na investigação de componentes metálicos que falharam em serviço. O conjunto de trabalhos foi escolhido objetivando oferecer um panorama histórico dos problemas enfrentados pela engenharia nacional ao longo de 70 anos, ilustrar a evolução das técnicas experimentais e demonstrar como investimentos em infraestrutura em P&D são essenciais para o fortalecimento da indústria nacional. O conjunto de casos de análise de falhas também fornece subsídios para uma visão mais crítica do modo de organização das atividades comerciais e tecnológicas de setores estratégicos do país.
Implicações da identificação de subfácies e alterações deutéricas para a gênese e a evolução do albita granito rico em F no depósito de Sn-Nb-Ta-ETR Madeira (Mina Pitinga, Amazonas, Brasil)
Authors: Rodrigues Juliano Nunes , Ronchi Luiz Henrique , Bastos Neto Artur Cezar , Pereira Vitor Paulo
Published: January 2019

O albita granito de Pitinga, localizado no estado do Amazonas, em geral porfirítico e de composição modal monzogranítica a granodiorítica, possui uma complexa variação mineralógica e petrográfica, resultante tanto de processos da transição magmático-hidrotermal como de alterações deutéricas. O mapeamento da frente de lavra norte no contato das subfácies de borda (albita granito de borda) e de núcleo (albita granito de núcleo), a petrografia e a geoquímica de amostras representativas revelam duas paragêneses parcialmente superpostas de alteração no albita granito de borda, uma marrom avermelhada com relictos de mica verde rica em ferro e outra vermelha, onde a mica verde foi substituída por clorita e fluorita e/ou argila amarela. Adicionalmente, o albita granito de núcleo cinza porfirítico é transformado gradualmente em porfirítico branco, mais rico em albita; amarelo, quando argilizado por ilita e caulinita; com manchas localizadas de óxidos de ferro vermelhas, silicificado e criolitizado. Tanto o quartzo tardio (silicificação) como a criolita possuem inclusões fluidas aquosas primárias com temperaturas de homogeneização entre 100 e 250ºC e salinidade até 26% peso eq. NaCl. Ambas as subfácies, albita granito de borda e de núcleo, são cortadas por corpos irregulares brancos afaníticos compostos essencialmente por quartzo e albita. O padrão de elementos terras raras dos corpos afaníticos brancos é similar ao padrão do albita granito de borda e do albita granito de núcleo, porém com a soma total de elementos terras raras menor, sugerindo cogeneticidade. A subfácies albita granito de borda resulta do resfriamento concêntrico da câmara magmática inicial produzindo uma borda que sofreu alteração autometassomática por fluidos deutéricos, criando os óxidos de ferro que lhe conferem a cor marrom-avermelhada.
Caracterização litoquímica e geocronológica de granitos do Batólito Águas Belas-Canindé, no Domínio Pernambuco-Alagoas, na Província Borborema
Authors: Neves Charles Henrique Fernandes Sales das , Ferreira Valderez Pinto , Neves Sergio Pacheco
Published: January 2019

Os Plútons Serra da Caiçara (616 ± 3 milhões de anos — Ma), composto de hornblenda quartzo sienito a hornblenda quartzo álcali feldspato sienito grossos, Santana do Ipanema (621 ± 5 Ma), constituído por monzogranitos a sienogranitos equigranulares, e Maravilha (627 ± 5 Ma), formado por monzogranitos porfiríticos com forte foliação magmática, são algumas das intrusões que compõem o Batólito Águas Belas-Canindé, Domínio Pernambuco-Alagoas, Província Borborema, no nordeste do Brasil. As idades U-Pb em zircão (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe — SHRIMP) dos plútons indicam intrusão associada ao período de formação da foliação de baixo ângulo regional, gerada durante a convergência da Orogênese Brasiliana. Os granitos e sienitos são cálcio-alcalinos de alto potássio a shoshoníticos, metaluminosos a levemente peraluminosos, da série magnetita granitos e magnesianos. Os padrões normalizados de elementos terras raras (ETR) para essas rochas indicam fracionamento moderado a alto, apresentando (La/Lu)N entre 14 e 82 e leves anomalias negativas de Eu. Diagramas de elementos incompatíveis normalizados em relação ao condrito mostram anomalias marcantes em Nb- Ta e Ti, típicas de magmas relacionados a zonas de subducção. Anfibólios e biotitas, analisados nos três plútons, têm composições típicas de granitos da série cálcio-alcalina e possuem valores de Fe# semelhantes aos da rocha total. O conjunto de dados geoquímicos sugere que o magma foi gerado em ambiente de arco, derivado da fusão de rochas basálticas de alto K, em condições oxidantes, e evolui por cristalização fracionada.
Estratigrafia da transição entre os grupos Bambuí e Paranoá no Distrito Federal
Authors: Carvalho Maria Gabriela De , Alvarenga Carlos José Souza de
Published: January 2019

O norte do Distrito Federal (DF) inclui uma expressiva sucessão de rochas carbonáticas de posicionamento estratigráfico divergente, tendo sido incluídos tanto no Grupo Bambuí como no Grupo Paranoá. Neste trabalho, os carbonatos do Grupo Paranoá foram individualizados e separados daqueles da Formação Sete Lagoas do Grupo Bambuí. O primeiro é composto de uma unidade siliciclástica formada predominantemente por intercalações rítmicas de siltitos e arenitos sobreposta por rochas pelito-carbonáticas, com lentes de calcários dolomíticos, onde é possível observar o estromatólito Conophyton metulum Kirichenko. A Formação Sete Lagoas do Grupo Bambuí recobre de forma discordante as rochas do Grupo Paranoá e foi subdividida em duas sucessões estratigráficas distintas. A Sucessão 1 da Formação Sete Lagoas inclui três unidades litoestratigráficas distintas: (i) a unidade basal começa por um dolarenito cinza, sobreposto por uma sucessão rítmica de calcilutitos/calcarenitos arroxeados com argilas não carbonáticas, (ii) na unidade intermediária, predominam calcarenitos puros sucedidos pela (iii) unidade de dolomitos. Uma superfície erosiva marcada por níveis de brecha limita a Sucessão 2, que começa com 1–2 metros de siltitos seguidos por calcarenitos com camadas de argilosas crescentes em direção ao topo. O norte do DF está na zona externa da Faixa Brasília, onde foram identificadas duas fases de deformações, perpendiculares entre si, orientadas com direções grosseiramente NS e EW.
Controle litoestrutural e caracterização geofísica do Complexo Alcalino Planalto da Serra, Mato Grosso
Authors: Zaffari Gabriel Luiz , Ruiz Amarildo Salina , Vidotti Roberta Mary , Campos Francisco Abel Pompeu de
Published: January 2019

O Complexo Alcalino Planalto da Serra está alojado nas rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Cuiabá, na Zona Interna da Faixa Paraguai, sendo composto de rochas ultramáficas alcalinas, como peridotitos, piroxenitos, carbonatitos, apatititos e bebedouritos. Os trabalhos iniciais indicavam formação desse complexo durante o Cretáceo, correlacionada ao magmatismo alcalino associado ao Lineamento Azimute 125º. Novos dados geocronológicos, obtidos pelos métodos de Rb/Sr, Ar-Ar e Sm/Nd, indicaram, no entanto, a idade de formação do complexo alcalino próximo a 600 Ma, remontando assim a um modelo de intrusão de diques e stocks diferente do já descrito. Com o intuito de compreender a relação entre as rochas alcalinas e o Grupo Cuiabá, tanto na relação temporal quanto ao modelo de intrusão, foram utilizados dois métodos de trabalho: o emprego de dados aerogeofísicos, gamaespectometria e magnetometria, e o mapeamento litoestrutural nos sítios de ocorrência das intrusões alcalinas (Chibata e Lau-Massao). O alto contraste entre características magnéticas dos metassedimentos do Grupo Cuiabá e as rochas alcalinas permitiu a identificação e a delimitação de sete anomalias magnéticas relacionadas às intrusões alcalinas do Complexo Planalto da Serra. Baixos teores de potássio nos dados de gamaespectometria permitiram delimitação dos corpos alcalinos. Feições como deformação penetrativa e reorientação mineral, presentes nas bordas de diques alcalinos, corroboram com modelo de intrusão sin a tardi-tectônica. A relação entre as idades, características deformacionais e metamórficas indica que os registros tectônicos verificados nas rochas alcalinas são correlatos aos observados nas rochas metamórficas do Grupo Cuiabá, Faixa Paraguai.
A falsa representação da identidade brasileira na construção do personagem Zé Carioca da Disney
Authors: Massagli Sérgio
Published: January 2019

Zé Carioca estrelou, a partir de 1942, dois longas-metragens e um curta de desenho animado, teve sua própria tira de jornal por dois anos e foi uma das estrelas nos quadrinhos “Ducks”. No Brasil, ele foi um personagem principal em seus próprios quadrinhos, e sua fama como ícone cultural provavelmente é equivalente à de Mickey Mouse nos EUA. Este artigo se deterá em alguns problemas na construção de Zé Carioca e na forma como ele representa (ou deturpa) traços da “identidade brasileira”, já que foi criado sob fortes motivações políticas. Além disso, tentará compreender como pode esse personagem ser inscrito como uma das formas de autorrepresentação na nossa tradição cultural e como erros em sua concepção podem ter efeitos deletérios na formação de nossa identidade cultural, especialmente a partir da década de 1970, uma década em que as HQs da Disney gozaram de alta popularidade no Brasil.
Os estudos sobre quadrinhos e a consolidação de uma gramática do gênero
Authors: Coelho Rafael Senra
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tenta mapear não apenas alguns pontos importantes da cronologia dos estudos sobre histórias em quadrinhos, mas também discute características do gênero e sua aceitação nos meios intelectuais e acadêmicos. Além disso, são especulados novos desdobramentos digitais dos quadrinhos que podem influenciar estudos futuros.