bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The syntactic position of genitive modifiers in Beserman Udmurt
Authors: Serdobolskaya Natalia
Published: December 2024

The paper is focused on the syntactic properties of genitive modifiers in Beserman Udmurt. Apart from the canonical genitive construction with obligatory possessive marking, genitive preposed to the head and head-adjacent (not separated by higher constituents), Beserman allows the structures where the genitive is non-adjacent to the possessum, the possessive suffix is absent, and the possessed nominal may be replaced by an anaphoric pronoun or a question word. Following Edygarova (2010) and Usacheva & Arkhangelskiy (2016), I propose to analyze these constructions in terms of external possession. The genitive in such constructions often has a meaning of a personal locative in terms of Daniel (2003). Thus, I claim that there are two different syntactic positions for the genitive. One of them is a position inside the NP, and another one is external to the NP. On occasion, both positions can be simultaneously filled in spontaneous speech.
From the kitchen to pop culture: The role of Mansi heritage speakers in language shift and language revitalisation
Authors: Horváth Csilla
Published: December 2024

Mansi is a severely endangered minority language spoken mainly by the Mansi, an indigenous people of the Russian North. Traditionally the Mansi were living on fishing, hunting, gathering, and reindeer breeding, but as a result of industrialisation in the region, they gradually moved to urban types of settlements. Since the beginning of the 21st century the heritage language speakers became visible as a distinctive category beside the group of Mansi native speakers. The Mansi heritage language speakers have less proficiency in Mansi, but they are more active and creative in negotiating the position of their language and culture. As a result of the heritage language speakers’ activity, Mansi is not only the language of the kitchen small talks, but also became the language of the contemporary indigenous pop culture.
Seven new species from Eocene Baltic amber reveal surprising diversity and suggest possible speciation scenarios in the relictual family Collohmanniidae (Acari: Oribatida)
Authors: KOLESNIKOV VASILIY B. , VORONTSOV DMITRY D. , SIDORCHUK EKATERINA A.
Published: December 2024

This study provides a comprehensive morphological analysis of ten fossil specimens from the genus Collohmannia, found in Eocene Baltic amber, with nine representing different species. Collohmanniidae, a unique monogeneric family of oribatid mites are among the largest oribatids. They feed on leaf litter and present significant sexual dimorphism and courtship behavior, which includes the transfer of nuptial food from male to female. Extant Collohmannia species inhabit isolated mountain forest areas. A fragmentation hypothesis has been proposed to account for their highly disjunctive distribution, suggesting that climate change divided a large forest area previously occupied by a parent species, leading to the allopatric evolution of several species of Collohmannia. However, with the discovery of a significant number of fossil species in Eocene Baltic amber we propose an alternate hypothesis with the Baltic amber forest serving as an arena for speciation of Collohmanniidae. According to it, the driving force of speciation was dietary and was based on gut microbiome specificity, reinforced by the female choice during the courtship ritual. In this paper we describe seven new fossil species of Collohmannia (C. sellnicki sp. nov., C. albertii sp. nov., C. nortoni sp. nov., C. groehni sp. nov., C. kerneggeri sp. nov., C. weiterschani sp. nov., C. clavata sp. nov.), re-describe C. schusteri based on study of the holotype, synonymize Embolacarus with Collohmannia, propose and describe the neotype of C. pergrata comb. nov., and provide a key to all described Collohmanniidae. Together with the hypotheses of speciation we propose verification experiments to be performed on extant Collohmannia mites.
A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae)
Authors: SCHOOLS MOLLY , HEDGES S. BLAIR
Published: December 2024

The taxonomy of Neotropical forest lizards (Diploglossidae) has been the subject of controversy because of a paucity of diagnostic characters and genetic data. Recent molecular studies have produced phylogenies that are highly supported but have few individuals represented for each species. These studies have corrected generic names and defined new genera and subfamilies in Diploglossidae. However, they have shown that multiple species are not monophyletic or have high levels of genetic divergence, indicating the need to define new species. Three subfamilies, 12 genera, and 56 species of diploglossid lizards are currently recognized; 25 of these are in the subfamily Celestinae. We conducted a systematic revision of Caribbean celestine forest lizards (from the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Hispaniola) using DNA sequence data from 372 individuals, supplemented by both conventional and unconventional morphological characters from 958 preserved specimens. In some cases, we obtained DNA sequence data from museum specimens, including types, nearly 200 years old. We propose and use a new species delimitation method based on time of divergence. We define 17 new species, elevate 17 subspecies, and elevate one species from synonymy, resulting in 35 newly recognized species. Additionally, we synonymize two pairs of previously recognized subspecies and one pair of species. This increases the number of celestine species from 25 to 59 and raises the total number of diploglossids to 90 species. Of those, 63 occur on Caribbean islands and all are endemic to those islands. Fourteen Caribbean celestine species (24%) are Critically Endangered, 17 species (29%) are Endangered, and 1 species (2%) is Vulnerable, resulting in a proportion of threatened species (54%) more than twice as high as the average for reptiles, based on IUCN Redlist criteria. Three of the Critically Endangered species are possibly extinct because of human activities during the last two centuries. Several of the surviving species are near extinction and in need of immediate protection. Extensive forest loss on Caribbean islands has led to the decline of Caribbean forest lizards, which rely on forests as their primary habitat. In addition to deforestation, the introduction of the Small Indian Mongoose is in part responsible for the decline of Caribbean diploglossid lizards. That invasive predator was introduced as a biological control of rats in sugar cane fields in the late 19th Century (1872–1900), immediately resulting in a mass extinction of reptiles. The ground-dwelling and diurnal habits of diploglossids have made them particularly susceptible to mongoose predation.
Exceptional Visual Improvement in Intracranial Osseous Metaplastic Meningioma: A Case of Stereotactic Radiotherapy Success
Authors: Ajith Kesav , Rathnadevi R. , Subathira B. , Ali Mohammed Sathik
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Meningiomas have different subtypes, including the rare and indolent metaplastic meningioma, which are characterised by the presence of mesenchymal components. The histopathological features of osseous metaplastic meningiomas include the existence of bone tissue and tumour cells within areas devoid of psammoma bodies. These tumours can have devastating symptoms affecting the quality of life of the patient severely. Tumours in proximity to critical structures pose a unique challenge in management, making it essential to address these issues for effective local control and symptom relief.

Materials and Methods:

Here we present a rare case report of a gentleman diagnosed to have intracranial osseous metaplastic meningioma who experienced severe visual deficits, for whom postoperative radiotherapy was administered and excellent outcome was achieved.

Results:

At a 12-month follow-up, patient had dramatic improvement in vision.

Discussion:

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a safe and effective method for achieving excellent local control, improving symptoms and enhancing quality of life of the patient. The proximity of critical structures and their dose tolerances should be key considerations while deciding on the fractionation scheme.
Fintech, Social Capital and Performance of Indonesian MSMEs
Authors: Zunairoh  , Wijaya Liliana Inggrit
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of financial technology, financial literacy and financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia mediated by social capital. This research uses quantitative methods, assisted by SmartPLS software for data processing in structural equation modelling analysis. The contribution of this research can be used as a financial strategy for MSMEs to survive, such as testing how financial technology, social capital and financial literacy interact. The results of this research show that the use of financial technology, financial inclusion and financial knowledge can significantly influence the performance of MSMEs. In addition, social capital significantly mediates the relationship between financial technology, financial inclusion, financial knowledge and MSME performance. The results of this research provide a solid basis for creating a broad and integrated policy strategy. The success of MSMEs depends on a wise combination of fintech, financial inclusivity, financial literacy and social wealth. Therefore, policy makers, financial institutions and business people can use this information to create an environment that supports the growth and sustainability of MSMEs and makes a greater contribution to the local and national economy.
Legal Challenges to Online Education Concerning Intellectual Property: A Study Based on Chinese Judicial Practice
Authors: Zhang Xianwei
Published: December 2024

Since China boasts the highest numbers of online education institutions and users relative to other countries in the world, it has also been blessed with sufficient materials that may be used for empirical research. Although some studies have revealed the potential underlying legal risks in online education, there is still a paucity of scholars who set out to explore how the issues arose during legal practice via written judgments. This paper sifts through and extracts key information from hundreds of judgments provided by Chinese courts, based on which its typical issues were discussed. Through the findings acquired, this research has provided favourable empirical support for subsequent studies.
The annulus: composition, role and importance in sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility
Authors: Whitfield Marjorie
Published: December 2024

The annulus is an electron-dense ring structure that surrounds the axoneme and compartmentalizes the sperm flagellum into two parts: the midpiece and the principal piece. The function of the annulus as a diffusion barrier in the mature spermatozoon is now well described but its function during spermiogenesis remains unclear. The intriguing spatio-temporal dynamics of the annulus during spermiogenesis and its position at the interface of the two main flagellar compartments have been highlighted for more than 50 years, and suggest a major role in this process. During the last decade, numerous studies contributed in establishing a repertoire of proteins known to be located at the annulus. Mutant mouse models of invalidation of these proteins have provided essential information and clues for novel hypotheses regarding the functions and regulation of this structure. Importantly, the recent identification in humans of homozygous mutations of genes coding for annulus proteins and leading to sterility have reinforced the importance of this ring structure for sperm physiology and male fertility. This review provides a comprehensive description of all the knowledge obtained in the last several years regarding the annulus composition and functions, both in mice and in humans.
Physicians’ views and knowledge on the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia
Authors: Harpaz Itai , Punchik Boris , Freud Tamar , Press Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Antibiotic treatment (AT) for patients with advanced dementia and pneumonia is a complex issue. AT can prolong life, but it can also prolong suffering for the patient and the family. In this study we evaluated physicians’ attitudes to this issue.

Methods

A vignette-based survey among community-based physicians (CBP) and hospital-based physicians (HBP) who work in southern Israel. The physicians were asked to complete a questionnaire on their knowledge and attitudes to AT, based on a case description of a patient with advanced dementia and pneumonia.

Results

211 physicians participated in the study including 134 CBP (63.5%) and 77 HBP (36.5%). 177 physicians chose the AT option for the patient presented in the case, with 59.7% of the HBP and 32.8% of the CBP choosing intravenous (IV) AT (p = 0.017). In contrast, in the same case, but with themselves as the patient, 68.8% of HBP and 32.8% of CBP chose the option of palliative care without AT, with only 14.3% of HBP and 10.4% of CBP choosing the option of hospitalization with IV AT. In two logistic regression models, physicians who chose IV AT for themselves were fourfold more likely to make a similar choice for their patients. Over 75% of the physicians were not knowledgeable about the administration of AT in accordance with the Dying Patient Act.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate the need for an educational intervention among physicians to expand their knowledge and expertise on end-of-life treatment for patients with advanced dementia. In addition, we invite policy makers to convene a discussion on the possibility of changing the law to facilitate the conduct of studies of patients with advanced dementia. Such studies would make it possible to develop an evidence-based treatment strategy.
Global, regional and national disease burden of food-borne trematodiases: projections to 2030 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Liu Lu , Lu Li-Dan , Yang Guo-Jing , Qian Men-Bao , Yang Kun , Tan Feng , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: December 2024

Background

Food-borne trematodiases (FBTs), mainly encompassing clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, and paragonimiasis, is a neglected public health problem, particularly in the WHO South-East Asia and the Western Pacific regions. This study evaluates the global, regional, and national disease burden of FBTs from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends to 2030, underscore the need for targeted prevention and control.

Methods

Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, the crude and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized prevalence disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of FBTs at the global, regional and national level from 1990 to 2021 were described. The pivotal years of trend changes were identified using joinpoint regression analysis. The effects of age, period, cohort on FBTs prevalence and correlation with the sociodemographic index (SDI) was analyzed. Finally, the worldwide disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for FBTs, projected up to 2030 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model, were analyzed.

Results

In 2021, 44,466,329 FBTs cases [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 40,017,217, 50,034,921], and 998,028 DALYs [95% UI: 569,766, 1,638,112] were estimated across 17 countries. The Western Pacific region exhibited the highest ASPR and ASDR, with the values of 1649.26 (95% UI: 1461.95, 1881.64) and 36.54 (95% UI: 19.77, 64.16), respectively. From 1990 to 2021, Lao PDR, Thailand, and the Philippines showed the most substantial declines in FBTs, while Kazakhstan had the largest average annual percentage change in DALYs (− 6.60, 95% UI: − 7.10, − 6.10). High-middle and middle SDI countries exhibited higher burden, with ASDR values of 28.03 (95% UI: 15.41, 48.73) and 16.63 (95% UI: 9.32, 27.68), respectively. The disease burden was greater among males, peaking in the 50–59 age group. The projected ASDR in 2030 is 13.10 for males and 8.40 for females.

Conclusions

FBTs remain a public health threat, with the global ASDR projected to remain stable, showing only a slight decrease by 2030. Low-income countries face ambiguous mortality rates and underestimated disease burdens, highlighting the need for improved surveillance. To achieve the 2030 NTD goal, comprehensive surveillance and integrated strategies derived using a One Health approach should be prioritized to control FBTs effectively.

Graphical Abstract
Case series showing the safety and changes in lipid profiles of hemodialysis patients with hypertriglyceridemia after pemafibrate administration
Authors: Okada Rino , Onishi Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Naoya , Ishihara Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Tomohisa , Mifune Tomoyo , Sakurabu Yoshimasa , Nojima Ichiro , Morinaga Hiroshi , Uchida Haruhito A. , Wada Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Dyslipidemia is a key focus of cardiovascular therapy and is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia mainly caused by lipoprotein lipase-mediated metabolism of ApoC-III in patients with ESRD. Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator, can be used regardless of renal function and inhibit ApoC-III expression in the liver.

Case presentation

We reported the cases of four patients on hemodialysis who met at least 175 mg/dL of triglycerides on the consecutive three tests between September 2022 and November 2022 and took 0.1 mg pemafibrate twice a day from November 2022 to May 2023. They experienced no adverse events after pemafibrate treatment. Pemafibrate significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) (302 ± 72 to 140 ± 50 mg/dL, p = 0.048), total cholesterol (187 ± 34 to 156 ± 48 mg/dL, p = 0.025), and Apo C-III (15.9 ± 8.2 to 12.6 ± 7.1, p = 0.030) levels. Apo A-II levels significantly increased after treatment (27.0 ± 6.1 to 37.1 ± 5.8, p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Pemafibrate decreased TG, total cholesterol, and Apo-CIII and increased Apo A-II without adverse events. Further study is needed to examine the favorable effects of pemafibrate on the risk of CVD.
SPOUT1 variants associated with autosomal-recessive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Liu Wenwei , Gao Kai , Du Xilong , Wen Sijia , Yan Huifang , Wang Jingmin , Wang Yong , Song Conglei , Lin Li , Ji Taoyun , Gu Weiyue , Jiang Yuwu
Published: December 2024

Background

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by early-onset seizures predominantly attributed to genetic causes. Nevertheless, numerous patients remain without identification of a genetic cause.

Methods

We present four unrelated Chinese patients with SPOUT1 compound heterozygous variants, all of whom were diagnosed with DEE. We also investigated functions of SPOUT1 using the spout1 knockout zebrafish model.

Results

The four unrelated DEE patients with SPOUT1 compound heterozygous variants were all males. Their onset age of seizure ranged from 3 months to 6 months (median age 5 months). All patients had epileptic spasms, and were diagnosed with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Three patients had microcephaly during infancy. Brain MRI in three patients showed white matter hypomyelination and bilaterally widened frontotemporal subarachnoid space. At the last follow-up, two patients exhibited drug-resistant epilepsy, one achieved seizure freedom following vigabatrin treatment, and one died at the age of 4 years and 5 months from probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Seven different SPOUT1 variants were identified in the four patients, including six missense variants and one deletion variant. AlphaFold2 prediction indicated that all variants alternated the number or the length of bonds between animo acids in protein SPOUT1. Neurophysiological results from spout1 knockout zebrafish revealed the presence of epileptiform signals in 9 out of 63 spout1 knockout zebrafishes (P = 0.009). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 21 differentially expressed genes between spout1 knockout and control groups, including 13 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes. Two axonal transport-related genes, kif3a and ap3d1, were most prominently involved in enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms.

Conclusions

This study identified SPOUT1 as a novel candidate gene of DEE, which follows the autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern. IESS is the most common epilepsy syndrome. Downregulation of axonal transport-related genes, KIF3A and AP3D1, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DEE.
A method based on an attention-guided multibranch residual network for coupled noise suppression in distributed acoustic sensing data
Authors: Cheng Zhaohui , Ren Yuteng , Du Xishan , Yuan Yijun
Published: December 2024

Distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile (DAS-VSP) is an emerging exploration technology. However, the strong energy-coupled noise generated by the vibration of optical cables inside the well casing interferes with the signals collected, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. To address this issue, we develop a new method based on a U-Net for coupled noise suppression called attention-guided multibranch residual network. In this method, to capture and enhance the multiscale features of the data, diverse branch blocks and convolutional block attention modules are introduced into the U-Net architecture. In addition, preactivation residual units are incorporated into the network to reduce the number of parameters in each convolutional layer and improve the efficiency of network training. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the predicted noise, a hybrid loss function combining the L1-norm and multiscale structural similarity index measure is used. Our method is based on a large training data set that includes pairs of data with and without coupled noise. To diversify the noise in the training data, we use our method of synthesizing coupled noise to generate various types of coupled noise. After training the neural network with the training data, the trained network can identify and suppress the coupled noise in DAS-VSP data.
A squirt-flow model in isotropic porous rocks containing wedge-shaped cracks and its interpretation for laboratory measurements
Authors: Chen Fubin , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao
Published: December 2024

We develop an analytic model of a wedge-shaped crack connected with stiff pore space for wave dispersion and attenuation in isotropic porous rocks using the wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) mechanism. This model addresses squirt flow, a significant factor influencing wave propagation behavior across seismic, sonic, and even ultrasonic frequencies. Our model bridges the gap between existing models, demonstrating consistency with Gassmann’s model at low frequencies and Mavko-Jizba’s model at high frequencies. Using a hybrid-dimensional approach, we derive a simple formula for the modified fluid modulus to enable the calculation of elastic moduli for saturated rocks. The model predicts dispersion and attenuation behaviors at low, intermediate, and high frequencies and accounts for differences in liquid- and gas-saturated rocks. Comparisons with existing disk-shaped models and laboratory measurements showcase the potential advantage of a wedge-shaped model for describing seismic dispersion. Validation is achieved through good agreement with the published measurements of four rock samples. This model can readily integrate with classic WIFF theories, such as Biot’s poroelasticity, extending its applicability across a broader frequency range.
Penrose Dodecahedron, Witting Configuration and Quantum Entanglement
Authors: Vlasov Alexander Yurievich
Published: December 2024

A model with two entangled spin-3/2 particles based on geometry of dodecahedron was suggested by Roger Penrose for formulation of analogue of Bell theorem without probabilities. The model was later reformulated using so-called Witting configuration with 40 rays in 4D Hilbert space. However, such reformulation needs for some subtleties related with entanglement of two such configurations essential for consideration of non-locality and some other questions. Two entangled systems with quantum states described by Witting configurations are discussed in the present work. Duplication of points with respect to vertices of dodecahedron produces rather significant increase with number of symmetries in 25920/60=432 times. Quantum circuits model is a natural language for description of operations with different states and measurements of such systems.Quanta 2024; 13: 38–46.
The impact of vitamin D supplementation on hypertension: a literature review
Authors: Bielecka Larysa
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, and its prevalence continues to rise. Among the lesser-known factors contributing to the increased incidence of hypertension is vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D, primarily known for its role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, has been implicated as one of the factors influencing cardiovascular function.
Aim of the study
The objective of this review is to analyze the current literature regarding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure levels.
Materials and Methods
This review incorporates literature from the PubMed database, which was searched using the keywords "hypertension" and "vitamin D." Randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2024 were included.
Results
The literature review reveals various aspects of the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and blood pressure regulation. Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, with its frequency consistently rising. Despite the development of new treatment methods, many patients still fail to achieve effective blood pressure control, posing a significant challenge to healthcare. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D may play a role in regulating blood pressure, which is particularly relevant given the widespread deficiency of this vitamin in global populations. Vitamin D deficiency is a common issue affecting a substantial portion of society, making the topic of supplementation and its potential effects even more urgent.
Conclusion
There is evidence to suggest potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure regulation, although the study results are inconclusive and do not yet support definitive clinical recommendations.
COVID-19 in the Central Nervous System - clinical manifestations and post-COVID syndrome - an update
Authors: Śmigiel Aleksandra , Mularczyk Zuzanna , Oleksy Piotr , Reclik Magdalena , Góralczyk Ewa , Rzepka Michalina , Siuda Joanna
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a significant global public health challenge. While respiratory symptoms dominate, the virus's impact on other systems, particularly the central nervous system (CNS), has gained increasing attention. SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates tropism for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, expressed in the olfactory epithelium, lungs, endothelium, kidneys, enterocytes, and neurons, contributing to neurological manifestations observed during the acute phase of the disease. 
Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Keywords included: COVID-19, Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 Virus, Neurological Manifestations, and Central Nervous System Viral Diseases. A total of 58 articles were selected for analysis based on relevance and quality of evidence regarding neurological symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19. 
Basic Results: The acute phase of COVID-19 frequently involves neurological symptoms such as frontal and holocranial headaches, dizziness, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, and alterations in consciousness. Severe complications, though less common, include encephalitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, and myelitis. These conditions often present as altered mental status, seizures, aphasia, headaches, or focal deficits, contributing substantially to patient morbidity and mortality. 
Conclusions: Neurological symptoms and complications constitute a significant aspect of COVID-19, highlighting the virus's potential to affect the CNS. While severe complications are rare, their profound impact on prognosis underscores the importance of early recognition and management. Further research is essential to understand the pathophysiology and optimise therapeutic approaches for affected patients.
The ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic approach for migraine management: a review of current evidence
Authors: Bielecka Larysa
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Migraine, a common neurological disorder, significantly reduces quality of life, particularly among women. Despite advancements in treatment, therapeutic options remain limited, and side effects are common. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by low carbohydrate and high fat intake, has shown promise in reducing migraine frequency and severity.
Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to review the literature on the effectiveness of of the ketogenic diet on the frequency of migraine attacks and their severity.
Materials
This review analyzed two studies by Di Lorenzo et al. (2018) and Caprio et al. (2023), both demonstrating that KD significantly reduced migraine days compared to non-ketogenic diets. Additional benefits included reduced inflammatory markers and improved body weight.
Results
While findings are promising, limitations such as small sample sizes, focus on overweight individuals, and lack of long-term safety data highlight the need for larger studies.
Conclusions
KD offers potential as an effective alternative for managing migraines, but further research is required to confirm its benefits and safety.
The Role of Physical Activity in Enhancing and Preserving Skin Health
Authors: Szatkowska Julia , Teofilak Mateusz , Śpiołek Olga , Siwiec Jan , Smyl Natalia , Kędziora Franciszek , Wąsowicz Agnieszka , Słowikowska Aleksandra , Sztyler-Krąkowska Marcelina , Fabian Dariusz
Published: December 2024

Introduction:Interest in the relationship between physical activity and skin health has grown significantly in recent years. Both scientific literature and media platforms highlight the influence of exercise on skin vitality, with social media often emphasizing its aesthetic benefits. Scientific studies, however, focus on mechanisms like improved circulation, enhanced collagen production, and reduced inflammation. This review aims to analyze the impact of physical activity on skin health, examining its benefits and potential drawbacks while providing a comprehensive understanding of the biological processes involved.
Aim of the study:The study seeks to review scientific literature to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on skin health and condition.
Materials and methods:The authors conducted a review of scientific literature using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. Articles from 2003 to 2024 were analyzed with keywords including physical activity and skin health, exercise and dermatology, skin metabolism, and exercise benefits for the skin. Only studies relevant to the relationship between physical activity and skin health were included.
Results and conclusions:Physical activity significantly benefits skin health by boosting collagen production, improving circulation, and reducing cortisol levels, resulting in a radiant and youthful complexion. However, risks such as barrier damage, increased sebum production, and infections must be managed. Personalized skincare routines emphasizing cleansing, hydration, and protection against environmental factors are essential for individuals engaging in regular exercise.
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management
Authors: Kuliga Marcin , Mateusz Bajak  , Dominik Maciej Feret  , Jadwiga Inglot  , Julia Inglot  , Maciej Mamczur  , Julia Słowik  , Damian Sowa  , Michał Szczepański  , Daniel Zapasek
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It is more common in women and in people suffering from obesity.  A characteristic feature is the formation of non-sarcomatous granulomas, which could occure important organs. It could also present as an asymptomatic form, and its diagnosis may be made incidentally on a routine chest X-ray.
Aim of the study:   The aim of this study was to review the literature describing the disease sarcoidosis-its course, clinical forms, diagnosis and treatment.
Methods and materials: : We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database, using the key words: "sarcoidosis"; "granulomatosis’’; “cardiac sarcoidosis”; “neurosarcoidosis”; "pulmonary sarcoidosis''.
Results: The most common form of sarcoidosis is pulmonary, with enlargement of hilar lymph nodes and parenchymal lesions. The disease could manifest itself in the form of skin lesions-specifically and non-specifically, ocular lesions, where nay most often appears as uveitis, usually bilateral, and could also involve the heart. Patients with neurosarcoidosis usually have involvement of the pituitary, hypothalamus, meninges and cranial nerves.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is difficult because its symptoms are often nonspecific. Diagnosis is based on exclusion of other diseases and is confirmed through imaging, histopathological, and immunological tests. In most cases, the prognosis of sarcoidosis is positive, and the disease may resolve spontaneously or under treatment. Treatment of sarcoidosis depends on the severity of the disease and the involvement of specific organs, the most common treatment is glucocorticoids.
What Do We Know About Smoking Alternatives? A Study on IQOS Tobacco Heaters
Authors: Nadolny Filip , Jabłoński Jędrzej , Kania Martyna , Adamowska Agnieszka , Śniatała Alicja , Bartkowiak Hanna , Damian Grubski  , Ziarnik Kacper
Published: December 2024

IntroductionNicotine addiction poses a significant public health concern in Poland, exacerbated by smoking, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products. While tobacco companies claim their alternatives aid cessation, their vested interests warrant cautious scrutiny. This study examines tobacco harm reduction strategies.
Aim of the StudyThis study examines IQOS tobacco heaters as a potential harm reduction alternative for smokers. Analyzing health data and regulatory findings, particularly from the FDA, it evaluates the effectiveness and public health impact of heated tobacco products within broader harm reduction strategies.
Materials and MethodsThis study examined literature and data to assess IQOS and heated tobacco products' chemical and health risks. It analyzed findings to compare IQOS aerosol and cigarette smoke toxicant exposures, clarifying IQOS's nicotine profile and smoking cessation potential.
ConclusionThe findings indicate IQOS may reduce certain toxin exposures compared to cigarettes, but long-term health impacts are unclear. Further research is needed on IQOS's effects, including disease, addiction, and population-level consequences. Cautious regulation is warranted due to youth risks and ethical concerns surrounding nicotine alternatives.
Impact of Sport on the Course of Endometriosis
Authors: Niemirka Szymon , Janiak Aleksandra , Dominiczak Kinga , Grądalski Łukasz , Dębicki Filip , Kopaczyńska Adrianna , Szafrańska Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Endometriosis is a common condition affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and leads to many unpleasant symptoms, such as pelvic pain, painful intercourse, and fertility issues. Although treatment primarily involves surgical and hormonal approaches, growing evidence suggests that physical activity may play a beneficial role in alleviating symptoms of the disease. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the impact of physical activity on the symptoms of endometriosis and evaluate the role of exercise in improving the quality of life for patients. Available research indicates that regular physical activity, including aerobic and strength exercises, can reduce pain intensity, improve well-being, and decrease the need for pain medications. Additionally, exercise positively affects mental health, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, which, in turn, improves the course of the disease. The findings suggest that physical activity should be considered an integral part of endometriosis treatment, serving as a supportive therapeutic approach. However, further controlled studies and long-term observations are necessary to determine the optimal type, intensity, and frequency of exercise for women with endometriosis.
Are GLP-1 Analogues a New Solution for the Treatment of NAFLD?
Authors: Sudoł Maria , Dąbek Katarzyna , Ochwat Michał , Piekarska Martyna , Skowronek Anna , Kajtel Aleksandra , Mierzwa Gabriela , Sudoł Zofia
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Introduction and purpose:
There is currently a pandemic of overweight and obesity, which is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is the most common cause of chronic liver disease [1]. The global prevalence of this condition reaches 25% of the population and 65-70% of patients with type 2 diabetes [2]. There is no approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD, and the current mainstay of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and weight reduction, which is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain. NAFLD represents a serious health and economic burden, which is why the search for an effective therapy is so important [1,2,3].
The purpose of this review was to assess the current knowledge of the efficacy of GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) analogs in the treatment of NAFLD.
Material and methods:
Data bases such as Pubmed and GoogleScholar were used for research with the key words included: MAFLD, NAFLD, GLP‐1 receptor agonists, GLP‐1 analogues, incretin mimetics. The review included studies that evaluated the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the adult population.
Description of the state of knowledge:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are drugs approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity with pleiotropic effects. They have a beneficial effect on the glycemic profile, reduce body weight and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They appear to be a promising therapy for the treatment of NAFLD, as these patients are usually overweight/obese and have insulin resistance and/or diabetes [1,3].
Conclusions:
It is hoped that in the coming years the efficacy of these drugs in NAFLD will be confirmed and they will be approved for this indication [1].
Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
Authors: Ochwat Michał , Dąbek Katarzyna , Sudoł Maria , Piekarska Martyna , Skowronek Anna , Mierzwa Gabriela , Kajtel Aleksandra , Ochwat Maria
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose:
Meldonium is a long-established substance. Initially, the substance was only available in the former Soviet Union; now the drug can be obtained, for example, in Poland. Originally, its action was observed in the cardiovascular system as an antianginal drug. Today meldonium is already being used in ischaemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. This review provides exhaustive account of the pharmacological properties and clinical applications of the drug meldonium, with a particular emphasis on its biochemical effects, pharmacokinetics, and potential for performance enhancement in athletes.
Material and methods:
The literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords.
Description of the state of knowledge:
Meldonium acts as a γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor, preventing de novo synthesis of carnitine and its absorption at the intestinal level. This leads to inhibition of ß-oxidation and activation of glycolysis, which is recognised as an anti-ischaemic and cardioprotective mechanism. The results of studies indicate the potential of this drug for the treatment of neurological and ischemic conditions. Meldonium is likely to improve performance in sport, which led to the compound's inclusion on the World Anti-Doping Association's list of banned substances.
Conclusions:
Despite the high potential shown in studies to date, new, more thorough studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of meldonium.
Is a Gluten-Free Diet Sufficient in the Treatment of Duhring’s Disease? - A Review
Authors: Zwardoń Jakub , Kapciak Alicja , Górny Julia , Witas Gabriela , Hawajski Artur , Jankowska Natalia , Kamieniecka Oliwia , Naja Katarzyna , Świerzyńska Adrianna
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction

Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease characterized by intensely pruritic, symmetrically distributed skin lesions and an association with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Despite advances in diagnostic methods, delayed diagnosis remains a challenge due to its overlapping features with other dermatoses.

Aim of Study

This study aims to provide an overview of the diagnostic methods, associated conditions, and differential diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis, focusing on recent advancements in serological, histopathological, and immunological testing.

Material and methods

A comprehensive review of the literature on dermatitis herpetiformis was performed using the PubMed database.

Results and Conclusions

Direct immunofluorescence remains the gold standard in diagnosing dermatitis herpetiformis, revealing granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae. Histopathological findings are supportive but nonspecific, with early lesions showing subepidermal vesicles and neutrophilic infiltrates. Serological markers, including anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 antibodies, provide valuable diagnostic support but exhibit variable sensitivity. Associated autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes, are prevalent, and dermatitis herpetiformis patients face an elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma within the first five years after diagnosis. The diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis relies on a combination of direct immunofluorescence, serological testing, and clinical features. Increased awareness of dermatitis herpetiformis and its associated conditions is critical for timely diagnosis and management. Advances in immunological and genetic testing may further refine diagnostic accuracy, while screening for associated autoimmune disorders and malignancies remains an integral part of patient care.
Complications of anorexia nervosa - literature review
Authors: Buszek Sylwia , Widawska Katarzyna , Bajak Mateusz , Czerniak Piotr , Buszek Julia , Wajdowicz Halszka , Warzocha Mateusz , Sokołowska Aldona , Dacz Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental disorder characterised by a strong fear of gaining weight, impaired self-perception and weight loss activities. It mainly affects young females and has the highest mortality rate of mental disorders. The aetiology is multifactorial, and treatment most often consists of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. The sooner it is started, the better the effect it brings.
Aim of the Study
The aim of this publication is to present possible complications in the course of anorexia nervosa. This is to emphasise that anorexic patients require multidisciplinary care.
Materials and Methods
An  analysis  of  papers  available  in  PubMed was performed. The following keywords were used: anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa complications.
Description of the state of knowledge
Anorexia nervosa is classified as a mental disorder, but it nevertheless has many physical consequences. Patients hospitalised for AN often present multiple somatic symptoms. It affects, among others, the cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, pulmonary and digestive systems. Malnutrition triggers many mechanisms that manifest themselves in different ways and sometimes lead to irreversible changes.
Conclusions
Malnutrition has consequences in almost every system and organ. They range from mild to life-threatening. Some of them can even contribute to or trigger sudden death. It is worth emphasising that most complications disappear after returning to normal body weight and proper nutrition. The recovery process is also fraught with risk, as complications can also occur in its course.
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Impact of Physical Activity on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kossakowska Aleksandra , Leicht Jakub , Hassan Aisha , Hassan Sara , Bienia Szymon , Al-Batool Wafa , Zarecka Izabela , Konieczna Klaudia
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widespread and growing health problem globally, marked by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and serious metabolic complications. Numerous studies confirm the positive impact of physical activity on T2D management, with aerobic and resistance exercises proving particularly effective. This study aims to review the role of physical activity in glycemic control and metabolic health in T2D patients, considering guidelines from the American Diabetes Association, as well as various physiological and psychological barriers that may limit the effectiveness of exercise programs.
Impact of Nutritional Supplementation in Selected Chronic Medical Conditions: A Review
Authors: Chodkowski Jakub
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nutritional supplementation has become an integral part of managing chronic medical conditions, offering potential benefits in improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review explores the evidence supporting the role of dietary supplements in selected chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and inflammatory disorders, while highlighting potential risks and limitations.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included if they examined the clinical impact of supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, chromium, and curcumin. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies were prioritized. Data extraction focused on efficacy, safety, and recommended dosages.
Results: Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and improve lipid profiles in cardiovascular patients. Vitamin D and calcium significantly enhance bone mineral density in osteoporosis. Chromium and alpha-lipoic acid demonstrate modest improvements in glycemic control for diabetes. However, concerns about supplement overuse, potential drug interactions, and variability in product quality persist.
Conclusions: While supplementation offers therapeutic benefits in managing specific chronic conditions, its efficacy depends on patient-specific factors, including baseline nutrient status and disease severity. Clinicians must adopt an evidence-based approach, ensuring personalized recommendations and emphasizing the importance of quality control in supplementation practices. Further research is needed to clarify long-term effects and optimal dosages.
Understanding Buerger's Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management Strategies
Authors: Muciek Adrianna , Mocarska Martyna , Orłowska Anna , Strakowska Katarzyna , Opalska Laura , Maryńczak Anna , Mencel Jan , Nitschke Nicole
Published: December 2024

Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects the blood vessels in the limbs. This inflammatory vascular disease is characterised by the formation of blood clots in the small and medium-sized arteries and veins, which results in a reduction in blood flow. Patients typically present with symptoms such as pain in the extremities, ulcers, and in severe cases, gangrene. The disease is most commonly observed in young male smokers, which highlights the strong correlation between tobacco use and the onset of this condition.
A comprehensive understanding of Buerger's disease is essential for prompt diagnosis and effective management. This review will examine the historical context, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches, and future directions in research and treatment.