bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pogocablanols A--G, a new class of sesquiterpenoids from Pogostemon cablin and their activities
Authors: Zhou Qin-Mei , Zhu Huan , Ma Chuan , Guo Li , Peng Cheng , Xiong Liang
Published: January 2024

Pogocablanols A–G (1–7), seven new compounds with an unprecedented
sesquiterpenoid skeleton, were isolated from the aerial parts of
Pogostemon cablin. This novel type of sesquiterpenoids, named
pogocablane-type sesquiterpenoids, possesses a bicyclic nonisoprenoid
system, including a five-membered carbocycle with a methyl group, a
six-membered carbocycle with two methyl groups, and a methylene
connecting the two carbocycles. Particularly, three isomers have an
interesting 1-oxaspiro[4,4]nonane moiety. Their structures and
absolute configurations were determined using extensive spectroscopic
evidence, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular
dichroism calculations. Pogocablanols A–D (1–4) exhibited a
concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on rat jejunum smooth muscle
contraction induced by acetylcholine, with Emax values varying from
48.87 ± 4.01% to 69.02 ± 7.54%. Preliminary structure–activity
relationship analysis suggested that the oxaspirocycle and the pyran
ring in pogocablanols are important structural features for the relaxing
effects on jejunum smooth muscle.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of Tourette syndrome in children: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Shiheng , Tang Hanqing , Ning Wanling , Wang Xianbin
Published: January 2024

Objective: this study was based on a reticulated meta-analysis to
investigate the differences in efficacy and advantages and disadvantages
of different acupuncture methods for the treatment of TS and to find the
optimal acupuncture method for clinical reference. Methods: Randomized
controlled trials of acupuncture for childhood tic-obstruction syndrome
included in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI,
Wanfang, Vipers (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database
(SinoMed) databases were searched until 09/2022. The retrieved
literature was screened and information extracted, and the risk of bias
of the literature was evaluated using ROB2, and a Network Meta-analysis
was performed using STATA 16. Results: A total of 22 studies including
1433 patients were included. 4 acupuncture methods were included:
acupuncture, scalp acupuncture , electroacupuncture, and
Auricular-Plaster. Network meta-analysis results showed that: efficacy:
compared with western medicine acupuncture combined with scalp
acupuncture (RR=1.26, 95% CI (1.18,1.35), P<0.05) was better.
Reduction of YGTSS scores: compared with western , electroacupuncture
(MD=-3.89, 95% CI(-7.10,-0.69), P<0.05) and acupuncture
(MD=-4.35, 95% CI(-5.76,-2.95), P<0.05) were more effective.
Overall, acupuncture combined with scalp acupuncture was the most
effective. In terms of safety, acupuncture was superior to western
medicine. Conclusion: Acupuncture has better efficacy and safety in the
treatment of TS. Overall, acupuncture combined with scalp acupuncture
was the most effective. Due to the low methodological quality of the
included studies, the results of this study need to be confirmed by a
large sample, more rigorous, randomized double-blind controlled tri
Blockchain Technology, Structure, and Applications: A Survey
Authors: Moosavi Nazanin , Taherdoost Hamed
Published: January 2024

Blockchain-based decentralized technology has gained a lot of attraction
and interest in academia and industry. This peer-to-peer and transparent
blockchain network makes it an acceptable technology. This decentralized
network has many great specifications such as transparency,
immutability, irreversibility, and auditability. Bitcoin, the first and
most successful blockchain application, achieves much success in recent
years. This survey article attempts to outline an extensive survey of
blockchain technology, investigating its structures, various protocol
layers, features, value, challenges, and applications.
Expression characteristics of activated T lymphocytes in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: WANG ZIFAN , YANG XIAOFENG , ZHANG RONGJUAN , ZHANG ZHIHUA , YANG XINHONG
Published: January 2024

Objective: An active role for the immune system in controlling the
progress of multiple myeloma (MM) has been postulated for many years.
However, the T-cells and their phenotype in MM remain to be elucidated.
In this study, we compared the phenotype of T-cells in MM patients and
healthy donors. The expression of chemokine recepptor marker (CCR7),
senescent marker (CD57) , co-stimulator marker(CD28), activation marker
(HLA-DR and CD38), and differentiation marker (CD45RA and CD45RO) , were
assessed on T cells from MM patients and Healthy Donors (HD) using
multicolor flow cytometry (MFC). Methods: from June 2021 to october
2022, 17 newly diagnosed MM patients were selected from the Affiliated
Hospital of Chengde Medical College, and 20 healthy people were selected
as control group. MFC was used to detect the markers on T cells in the
peripheral blood of the patients and HD.
Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of Osmanthus (Oleaceae) species
Authors: Dai Jiangpeng , Liu Qiaozhen , Tan Zhijie , Cai Yiming , Gao Xiaoxia , Zhu Shuang
Published: January 2024

As one genus of Oleaceae, Osmanthus is well-known for its high
ornamental value. Due to the deficiency of clearly discriminatory
traits, the species classification of genus Osmanthus is controversial.
Here, we obtained two chloroplast genomes of O. fragrans and O.
matsumuranus using Illumina sequencing, and compared them with 13
previously published chloroplast genomes of Osmanthus species. The
chloroplast genomes of 15 Osmanthus species were 155,155 to 155,570 bp
in length, which showed a typical quadripartite structure with high
conservation of gene order and gene content. Each chloroplast genome had
132 genes including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and eight
rRNA genes. The number of simple sequence repeats identified in each
Osmanthus species was in the range of 55-68. A total of 11 highly
variable loci could be potentially used as specific molecular markers in
the identification of Osmanthus species. The third position of codons
tended to use A/U base, and natural selection contributed more in the
formation of codon usage bias in comparison to mutation pressure. The
chloroplast genome phylogenetic analysis showed that the species of
Sect. Leiolea formed a well-supported monophyletic clade sister to
Chionanthus virginicus. Besides, O. austrocaledonicus also separated as
a distinct lineage nested within the members of Notelaea and Nestegis.
The results of comparative and phylogenetic analysis provide valuable
references for further study in identification, breeding improvement and
phylogenetic relationships in Osmanthus species.
Serum C-Reactive Protein Greater than 75 mg/dl as an Early Available Laboratory Predictor of Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nazemi Pershang , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Azarnoush Ayein , Mabadi Avin , khaneshan Arezoo Salami , Salehi Mohammadreza
Published: January 2024

Abstract Introduction Severe COVID-19 management is still challenging.
Having a laboratory factor to predict the severity of a patient’s
condition can be very useful in how to approach each patient. There have
been studies concentrating on the correlation between serum C-reactive
protein (CRP) level and COVID-19 severity but we aim to reach a
threshold for CRP in disease severity determination. Methods We
conducted a thorough search on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar
databases, and 323 studies were assessed for eligibility in three
phases. The T-test was applied for the CRP level cutoffs. Results
Eventually, 11 articles and 1615 patients were included in this
systematic review. Our analysis evaluated combined mean, median, and
standard deviation of severe patients’ CRP to be respectively 73.37,
53.80 and 47.936. Based on the combined mean, 75mg/dl was suggested as
an initial threshold for baseline CRP in hospitalized patients for
developing severe conditions. Conclusion This study recommends that
COVID-19 patients with on-admission serum CRP levels of 75 mg/dl and
more are likely associated with severe conditions. Thus,
anti-inflammatory agents and further following may be helpful in these
patients.
Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Cargoes Mirror the Cardioprotective Effects of Rivaroxaban in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Weiss Luisa , Uhrig Wido , Kelliher Sarah , Szklanna Paulina , Prendiville Tadhg , Comer Shane P. , Edebiri Osasere , Egan Karl , Lennon Áine , Kevane Barry , Murphy Séan , Áinle Fionnuala Ní , Maguire Patricia B
Published: January 2024

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) remains a significant cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide. Rivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor,
mediates anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular-protective effects besides
its well-established anticoagulant properties; yet, these remain poorly
characterized. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered
proinflammatory messengers regulating a myriad of (patho)physiological
processes and may be highly relevant to the pathophysiology of VTE. The
effects of Rivaroxaban on circulating EVs in VTE patients remain
unknown. We have established that differential EV biosignatures are
found in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation anticoagulated
with Rivaroxaban versus warfarin. Here, we investigated whether
differential proteomic profiles of circulating EVs could also be found
in patients with VTE. We performed comparative label-free quantitative
proteomic profiling of enriched plasma EVs from VTE patients
anticoagulated with either Rivaroxaban or warfarin using a tandem mass
spectrometry approach. Of the 181 quantified proteins, 6 were found to
be either exclusive to, or enriched in, Rivaroxaban-treated patients.
Intriguingly, these proteins form a cluster tightly involved in negative
feedback regulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways, suggesting
that EV proteomic signatures may reflect both Rivaroxaban’s
anti-coagulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. These findings may be
of translational relevance towards characterizing the emerging
anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective mechanisms associated with this
therapy.
The Long-term Mediation Role of Cytokines on the Causal Pathway from Maternal Gestational Age to Offspring Eye Diseases: Lifecourse-Network Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Hou Lei , Li Yunxia , Kang Lili , Li Hongkai , Xue Fuzhong
Published: January 2024

Background: Gestational duration has a non-negligible impact on
eye diseases. However, the long-term role of cytokines on the causal
relationship of maternal gestational age on offspring visual impairment
remains unclear. Methods: We perform a lifecourse-network
Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationships among
maternal gestational duration (from EGG and iPSYCH, N=84,689),
neonatal/adult cytokines (from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog, N=764/4,618) and
adult eye diseases (from FinnGen consotium, N=309,154) using
summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies.
Multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) and
multivariable-IVW method are the main analysis methods and the other 15
pleiotropy-robust methods, weak IV-robust methods and outliers-robust
methods are performed as auxiliary methods. Results: We find
that maternal gestational age (early preterm birth, preterm birth,
gestational duration and postterm birth) has causal relationships with
42 eye diseases. Specially, four neonatal cytokines: TNF-α, IL10, GROA
and CTACK, as well as four adult cytokines: CTACK, IL10, IL12p70 and
IL6.26 are mediators in the causal relationships between early preterm
birth and preterm birth to 8 eye diseases. However, after adjusting for
these mediators, null direct causal effect of early preterm birth and
preterm birth on 8 eye diseases can be found. In addition, there is no
mediator in the causal relationships from gestational duration and
postterm birth to eye diseases. Conclusion: The influences of
maternal gestational duration on the offspring eye diseases through
cytokines are long-term and lifecourse.
New insight into molecular phylogeny and morphology of the genus Acer L. (Sapindaceae) native to Türkiye
Authors: ACAR Pelin , Seki Nagihan , Bani Barış , Demircioğlu Nurcan , DUMAN Hayri , Kaya Zeki
Published: January 2024

This study examined phylogenetic relationship, the taxonomic status and
numerical morphometric analysis of 21 taxa of the genus Acer L.
naturally found in Türkiye using the DNA sequence data of cpDNA
ndhF, trnL-F and nrDNA ITS gene regions and 18 elucidative
morphological characters. To date, no comprehensive molecular and
morphological study dealing with the genus in Türkiye. Selected
morphological traits of Dim1 (Leaf length, Leaf width, Petiole length,
Loculus length, Loculus width, Fruit wing length and Fruit length) and
Dim2 (Pubescence of leaf beneath, Margin, Latex and Form of nutles) are
highly distinctive characters for the Acer genus in series and
sectional levels. The nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL-F) gene
regions were also found as quite diverse and informative. The results of
phylogenetic and morphometric analysis revealed a relieable taxonomic
clarification for the species Acer tauricolum, A.
divergens (endemic to Türkiye), A. orthocampestre and A.
cappadocicum subsp. cappadocicum. Chloroplast lineage of Acer
species native to Türkiye appears to be originated in Oligocene and
diversified mainly in Miocene. The majority of Acer speciation events in
Türkiye is likely to be regulated by the habitats created by the by
northern mountain ranges. Phylogenetically, the Acer species of Türkiye
seemed to be closely related to the taxa from Asia and Europe.
Synthesis, Fabrication and Characterization of normal and Ag-ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Gohar Osama
Published: January 2024

Using a hydrothermal process, ZnO nanorods doped with varying amounts of
Ag (0.1–0.5%) were created. The morphology and size of the nanorods
(pure and doped ZnO) were observed by Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). According to the SEM micrographs the synthesized materials have
nanorods structures with a size of about 131 nm and 208 nm for Undoped
and doped ZnO nanorods respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determined percentage composition of
material. EDX analysis shows that Ag has been successfully decorated
with the surface of ZnO lattice. The presence of functional groups was
investigated by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy while
crystalline phase of the Ag doped ZnO Nanorods was analyzed by using
X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The crystallinity and crystal plane location
of the fabricated Nanorods were elucidated from the XRD pattern. It was
found that the fabricated pristine and doped nanorods are crystalline in
nature having a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Ag was added to the ZnO
nanorods up to a predetermined dopant concentration limit. The
incorporation of Ag in the sites present at the Zn nanomaterial caused
to increase size of nanorods as compared to pure ZnO.
Hematological Parameters to Predict Post-COVID-19 Immune Response, and the Development of On-Reaching Herd Immunity. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Qaisar Ali , Atta Tahira , Tango Tamara , Mumtaz Arif , Saravanan Priyadharshini , Vallabhaneni Sree Harshitha , Shinwari Ismail Khan , Vattikuti Bhavana , Farkouh Christopher , Jan Rukhsar , Farkouh Matthew , Abdi Parsa , Santiago Natalia , Verma Ravina
Published: January 2024

Background: Here we conducted this study to find the changes in the
hematological parameters of healthy individuals that can predict their
immune status, also this study aims to find out whether herd immunity
against COVID-19 is developing or not in the Pakistani population.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 210 healthy individuals
was conducted. All individuals were divided into three groups i.e IgG
positive, IgG negative, and IgG and IgM both positive based on ELISA
results. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 for windows. Results:
A statistically significant effect was found among the three groups in
terms of mean hemoglobin level, mean hematocrit, mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration, mean red blood cells count, RDW-CV, mean
lymphocyte, mean neutrophil, mean eosinophils, and mean basophil. The
study also showed that 52.8% (n=74) had neither taken vaccination nor
had any history of previous covid infection but still their antibodies
were positive. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant
difference among hematological parameters between immune and nonimmune
groups and can predict the covid immune status also the study predicted
that herd immunity against COVID-19 is developing in Pakistan.
Comparisons of the added value of dynamical downscaling of ECMWF EPS and NCEP GEFS for wind forecast in the complex terrain of Sichuan and Yunnan in China
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , Han Zifen , Zhang Bolin , Zhang Jianmei , Long Jie
Published: January 2024

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are commonly used for
wind power forecasts, but NWP forecasts are uncertain due to
uncertainties in the initial conditions, approximate model physics, and
the chaotic nature of the atmosphere. Ensemble prediction systems (EPS),
which simulate multiple possible futures, thus provide valuable
information about forecast uncertainties. However, the spatial
resolution of global ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for
Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is relatively coarse and insufficient
for many wind power farms built in complex terrain. This work proposes
using the Weather and Research Forecasting model (WRF) to downscale
ECMWF EPS and NCEP global ensemble forecast system (GEFS) to determine
and compare the added values of downscaling different global EPS
forecasts for wind forecasts in the complex terrain of Sichuan and
Yunnan in China. A total of 366 days of day-ahead forecasts (28 to 51
hours) for wind speed at 80 meters are evaluated. The results
demonstrate that the ensemble average of the higher resolution WRF
downscaled forecast is considerably better than that of the global EPS
forecast, and downscaled forecast of ECMWF EPS achieves the best
performance. Also, a selective ensemble average (SEA) method is proposed
and applied for the ultra-short (10 to 13 hours) forecast. Verification
results demonstrate that the SEA method outperforms the ensemble mean.
COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism
Authors: Malekpour Mahdi , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Meybodi Mohammad javad Entezari , Shekouh Dorsa , Rahmanian Mohammadreza , Kardeh Sina , Azarpira Negar
Published: January 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a
pandemic with serious complications. After the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19), several post-acute COVID-19 syndromes (PACSs) and long-COVID
sequels were reported. PACSs involve many organs, including the nervous,
gustatory, and immune systems. One of the PACSs after SARS-CoV-2
infection and vaccination is Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). There is a
lower chance of getting GBS after a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to
other infections. However, the high prevalence of COVID-19 and severe
complications of GBS, e.g., autonomic dysfunction and respiratory
failure, highlight the importance of post-COVID-19 GBS. It is while
patients with simultaneous COVID-19 and GBS seem to have higher
admission rates to the intensive care unit, and demyelination is more
aggressive in post-COVID-19 GBS patients. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger GBS via
several pathways like direct neurotropism and neurovirulence,
microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, immune system
disruption, molecular mimicry, and autoantibody production. This review
discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular and cellular
mechanisms of GBS after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
The meningitis outbreak returns to Niger: Concern, efforts, challenges and recommendations
Authors: Sibomana Olivier , Hakayuwa Clyde
Published: January 2024

Meningitis, a disease that commonly manifests in African meningitis
belt, continues to be a public health problem as it is a fatal disease
that leave survivors with long-term effects. Most cases of meningitis
are due to bacterial and viral infection, although parasites, fungus,
cancer, drugs, and immune disorders can rarely cause meningitis. Stiff
neck, high temperature, light sensitivity, disorientation, headaches,
and vomiting are the most typical symptoms of meningitis. Niger being in
African meningitis belt, has been impacted by many meningitis outbreaks.
Since 2015, a total of 20 789 cases and 1369 fatalities (CFR 6.6%) have
been documented in Niger. In contrast to earlier seasons, the current
outbreak of meningitis in Niger exhibits both an increase in the number
of cases and a rise in the growth rate. A total of 559 instances of
meningitis, including 18 fatalities (overall CFR 3.2%), were reported
in the Zinder Region, southeast of Niger, from 1 November 2022 to 27
January 2023, compared to 231 cases reported from 1 November 2021 to 31
January 2022. In the current outbreak, the Neisseria meningitidis
serogroup C (NmC) is responsible for the majority of laboratory
confirmed cases (104/111; 93.7%). To organize the response to the
pandemic, a global team from the WHO and other partners, including MSF
and UNICEF, has been sent out in Niger. Even though there are many
challenges in battle against meningitis in Niger, immunization,
antibiotics administration and strong disease surveillance are
recommended techniques to cope with the current meningitis outbreak in
Niger.
Exploring the effect of LncRNA DANCR to regulate the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway on oxidative stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: cai shaohong , WANG YUAN , SUN YUE , LIN ZHANGYING
Published: January 2024

Introduction:This study focused on investigating the effects of LncRNA
DANCR regulation of Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway on inflammation and oxidative
stress in RA. Methods:The levels of LncRNA DANCR/miR-486-3p/ Keap1 in
peripheral blood of 30 RA groups and 30 normal subjects were examined,
and the association of LncRNA DANCR with inflammatory indicators of
rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. We construct overexpression
plasmids and small interfering RNAs of LncRNA DANCR to investigate the
relationship between LncRNA DANCR and FLSs viability and migration in
rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the effects on cellular oxidative
stress factors and Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway; molecular biology analysis
was used to predict microRNAs that can bind LncRNA DANCR, and luciferase
verified the binding sites of LncRNA DANCR with Keap1 and miR-486-3p; to
further refine the gene and protein expression results, we used RT- qPCR
and immunoblotting assays . Results: In both groups of PBMCs, the
expression levels of LncRNA DANCR and Keap1 mRNA were higher in the
rheumatoid arthritis group than in the normal control group, and the
opposite was true for miR-486-3p; LncRNA DANCR was positively correlated
with TAOC, IL6, RF, IL17, anti-CCP, MDA, and SOD, but not with ESR,
DAS28, IL11, and SOD, DAS28, IL11, ROS, CRP were negatively correlated;
overexpression of lncRNA DANCR stimulated the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway,
decreased the expression of IL10, SOD, TAOC, and increased the
expression levels of MDA, IL11, IL-17, PD-L1, and silencing of lncRNA
DANCR was the opposite, but knockdown of miR- 486-3p or overexpression
of keap1 reversed the expression of the above-mentioned inflammatory and
oxidative factors. In addition, pcDNA-DANCR clearly showed stronger cell
invasion and migration ability and exacerbated its inflammatory
response, we verified their targeting relationship using dual
luciferase. Conclusion: The low-expressed lncRNA DANCR may regulate the
Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway and suppress the inflammatory and oxidative
responses in RA patients.
Ultra-stretchable and Conductive Polyacrylamide/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Composite Hydrogels as Flexible Sensors
Authors: Ding Hongyao , Liu Jie , Huo Peixian , Zhang Xinning , Shen Xiaodong , Wen Yuefang , Li Hui , Zheng Qiang , Wu Ziliang
Published: January 2024

There is a great demand for the fabrication of soft electronics using
hydrogels due to their biomimetic structures and good flexibility.
However, conventional hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, which
restricts their applications as stretchable sensors. Herein, a facile
one-step strategy is proposed to fabricate tough hydrogels with a
semi-interpenetrating network structure by free-radical polymerization.
The obtained polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels
possess outstanding transmittance and excellent mechanical performances,
with tensile breaking stress of 260 kPa, breaking strain of 3300%, and
toughness of 2400 kJ/m3. These hydrogels have low modulus of
~10 kPa, fast recoverability after unloading, and high
conductivity of ~0.85 S/m without the addition of other
conductive substances. The ionic conductivity of the gels originates
from the counterions of carboxymethyl chitosan, affording the hydrogels
as resistive-type sensors. The resultant hydrogel sensors demonstrate a
broad strain window, excellent linear response, high sensitivity with a
gauge factor, and great durability, capable of monitoring diverse human
motions. This work provides a new strategy to develop stretchable
conductive hydrogels with promising applications in the fields of
artificial intelligence and flexible electronics.
Sesterterpenoids with uncommon frameworks and polyketides from a deep sea-sediment-sourced fungus Chaetomium globosum SD-347
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Li Xin , Li Xiao-Ming , Yin Xiu-Li , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: January 2024

Two new sesterterpenoids sesterchaetins A and B (1 and
2) and two new polyketides chaetoketones A and B (3
and 4) were characterized from the culture extract of a deep
sea-sediment-derived fungal strain Chaetomium globosum SD-347.
Their structures including absolute configurations were unambiguously
solved by detailed NMR, mass spectra, and X-ray crystallographic
analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 contained a characteristic
5/8/6/5 tetracyclic carbon-ring-system, which represented rarely
occurring natural product frameworks. The new isolates
1–4 exhibited selective antimicrobial activities
against human and aquatic pathogenic bacteria and plant-pathogenic
fungi.
Case Report: Successful treatment of anti-MDA5-positive to negative dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib
Authors: Zong JIANG , Yao Xiaoling , Tang Fang , Ma Wukai
Published: January 2024

Anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare clinical
autoimmune disease, and anti-MDA5-positive DM with interstitial lung
disease (ILD) is the most important cause of death in DM patients. We
reported the efficacy of the JAK1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib as an
anti-MDT5-negative treatment option for patients with anti-MDA5-positive
DM-ILD. Here we report a 51-year-old female patient with cough, sputum,
shortness of breath for 5 months, rash for 3 months, and muscle pain in
the extremities for 1 month. After conventional immunosuppressive
therapy plus hormone therapy, the remission was slow. Methylprednisolone
was successfully reduced after we administered tofacitinib and
tacrolimus. After 132 weeks of follow-up, anti-MDA5 antibody turned
negative, clinical symptoms were relieved, and lung Imaging tests were
successfully reversed. There is currently no report of tofacitinib
supplement therapy for anti-MDA5 positive to negtive DM. With this case
report, tofacitinib is an option for the treatment of anti-MDA5-positive
DM-ILD, which deserves attention.
Using the smart contract method in blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading between elements of local electricity microgrids
Authors: ZHAO Wenlong , YAN Xiaopeng , HU Yuanchao , DAI Bing , ZHOU Qiang , GAO Mingliang
Published: January 2024

The extension of emerging renewable energy sources such as wind and
water turbines, solar panels, and the increasing usage of electric
vehicles requires the supply and distribution of energy in a small
device on local scale and it has created new methods of supplying and
selling electricity. Middle buyers and end users can obtain the local
energy with the peer-to-peer trading method in this large and
hierarchical market. This method enables market to manage and exchange
the electricity between major suppliers and medium and local levels.
Blockchain technology is developing in peer-to-peer exchange of
electricity and acts as a reliable, efficient and safe technology in the
electricity trading market. In this method, while preserving the privacy
of electricity users, by using smart contracts and by removing
intermediaries in the energy supply and demand market, direct commercial
interactions between energy suppliers and consumers are done. The
Blockchain technology, while creating trust between the parties in the
energy market, reduces the cost of electricity trading and increases its
scalability with using the intermediate energy aggregators. In this
research, the blockchain-based model, is presented for distribution and
peer-to-peer transactions in the energy market. The suggested model
provides the possibility of registration low-cost instant transactions
at the power grid in any specific period of time. The above method,
unlike periodic payments, provides immediate access to bills and small
payments. Since the transactions outside the blockchain chain are not
recorded, this system guarantees its honest and independent operation
without fraud and failure. The smart contract method based on
blockchain, reduces the transaction fees and speeds up electricity
trading.
Density Functional Theory calculations of Photosensitizers used in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Myrzakhmetov Bauyrzhan , Dauletbay Akbar , Goussougli Matieyendou , Darmenbayeva Akmaral , Arnoux Philippe , Tsoy Irina , Frochot Celine
Published: January 2024

The quantum-chemical method is a crucial area of innovation for
photodynamic therapy. Density Functional Theory can be used to
investigate the electronic structures, excited states, and other
photochemical properties of a photosensitizer. In the present study, the
intensities and energies of electronic transitions are calculated, and
absorption and vibrational spectra of two photosensitizers,
protoporphyrin IX and pyropheophorbide-a are simulated. The calculation
proved the experimental results of the fact that pyropheophorbide-a
exhibits the intense absorption of Qx at longer wavelength than
protoporphyrin IX, and absorption intensity is higher than
protoporphyrin IX. Additionally, the influence of solvent models on
IR-spectra calculation is studied. This study can lead to the design of
new photosensitizers to improve PDT efficiency.
A Facile, Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Method for Regeneration of Spent Bleaching Earth
Authors: Rehman Khalid , Ahmed Tehseen , Khan Zahid , Ali Nida , Mahmood Azhar
Published: January 2024

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a byproduct generated during the process
of refining edible oil. Due to its flammability and high organic
content, it is categorized as hazardous waste in many countries.
However, researchers have been exploring ways to convert this waste
material into valuable products. In this study, residual oil from SBE
was extracted using n-Hexane. The de-oiled SBE was then activated with
acid and heated at 500 °C for 1 hour in a muffle furnace to produce two
different materials, namely DRSBE and RSBE. These materials were
characterized using XRD, TGA, and FTIR. Both DRSBE and RSBE were
utilized for removing coloring pigments from degummed and neutralized
canola oil, and it was found that DRSBE was more effective in this
regard. The removal percentage of coloring pigments was 71.06% and
40.52% for DRSBE and RSBE, respectively. Additionally, the soap
contents of bleached canola oils were decreased, and the phosphorus
contents of oils were lowered to 80%. However, the saponification and
iodine values of oils remained unaffected.
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, hospitalisation and death in the post vaccination era: A systematic review.
Authors: Ying Yuxin , Bytyci Jola , Lee Lennard
Published: January 2024

Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced
response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in
this cohort. Therefore, in the post vaccination era, immunocompromised
individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVID-19
related hospitalisation and death. There has been a marked paucity of
systematic review evaluating existing data describing the clinical
measures of efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in protecting
immunocompromised individuals, specifically against, breakthrough
infections and severe COVID-19. Therefore, we conducted a systematic
review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of
the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in the immunocompromised
population. Our findings demonstrated that immunocompromised patients
remained at high risk of breakthrough infection and severe COVID-19
outcomes compared to the general population. These groups included those
with: cancer, organ transplants, chronic kidney disease, HIV and
immunodeficiencies, amongst others. This demonstrated that vaccination
does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups,
necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters.
Environmental Conditions Alone Play a Significant Role in Structuring the Stock Trajectory of South Pacific Tuna Species
Authors: Ajay Singh Ashneel
Published: January 2024

With changing climatic and environmental conditions, it has become vital
to understand the impact of these changes on tuna resources. This work
aimed to investigate whether the stock dynamics of yellowfin tuna (
Thunnus albacares), albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga) and
Bigeye tuna ( Thunnus obesus) in the South Pacific Region can be
explained significantly only by the environmental factors of sea surface
temperature (SST) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO. Monthly
variables of SST and AMO were used as candidates independent variables
in Generalised Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model to reproduce
the natural logarithm of standardized CPUE of tuna from 1972 to 2019.
Although models with single variable resulted in significant fitness,
models with two variables had a better fit in comparison to models with
single variable for all tuna stocks. Possibilities of two significantly
different patterns in the trajectory of three tuna and environmental
conditions used in models were observed. Environmental conditions play a
highly significant role in structuring tuna stock trajectory in the
South pacific and need to be included in tuna management/harvest plans.
Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Analysis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer combined with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: Evidence from Cancer Tissue and Serum
Authors: Ma Li , Tian Ye , Huo Menghan , Meng Qi , Li Xinxi , Zhang Lei , Xu Cancan , Chao Xianzhen , Yang Yefan , Zhang Jinxia , Wang Bowei , Luo Jun , Jiang Sheng , Du GuoLi
Published: January 2024

The pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) is complex and not
fully known yet. Cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is associated
with increased risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. The present study
aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated
with PTC-CLNM for monitoring invasive PTC progression. We employed 4D
mass spectrometry (MS) to identify DEPs of cancer and serum samples in
PTC patients combined with or without CLNM. The functional annotation of
DEPs was performed using bioinformatics methods including annotation
methods, functional enrichment, enrichment-based clustering and
protein-protein interaction network. In total, we identified 21 and 17
proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between
PTC-CLNM and PTC-NCLNM (PTC-non cervical lymph node metastasis) in
tissue and serum samples, respectively. Comparative analyses revealed
that DEPs including NGFR, PBXIP1, HSP90B1, CD44, NFIA, PFKP and SRGN
were associated with tumor metastasis. A number of proteins were
identified that may be relevant to tumor growth and metastasis, and this
provides an opportunity for future functional proteomics studies and to
investigate potential biomarkers predicting PTC-CLNM.
Exploring the Theranostic roles of miRNA and Epigenetics in Autoimmune Diseases - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nag Sagnik , Mitra Oishi , Tripathi Garima , Samanta Souvik , Bhattacharya Bikramjit , Chandane Priti , Mohanto Sourav , Sundararajan Vino , Malik Sumira , Rustagi Sarvesh , Adhikari Suraj , Mohanty Aroop , León‐Figueroa Darwin A. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Barboza Joshuan , Sah Ranjit
Published: January 2024

Autoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that are
stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self-antigens,
which can cause systemic or site-specific organ damage. An array of
complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the
progression of AD, thus providing significant insight into the
regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs are short, non-coding
RNAs that have been identified as essential contributors to the
post-transcriptional regulation of host genome expression and as crucial
regulators of a myriad of biological processes such as immune
homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central and peripheral
tolerance, and immune cell development. Pertaining to the differential
expression of miRNA attributed in target tissues and cellular bodies of
innate and adaptive immunity, a paradigm of scientific expeditions
suggests an optimistic correlation between immunogenic dysfunction and
miRNA alterations. Therefore, it is not astonishing that dysregulations
in miRNA expression patterns are now recognized in a wide spectrum of
disorders, establishing themselves as potential biomarkers and
therapeutic targets. Owing to its theranostic potencies, miRNA targets
have been widely utilized in the development of biosensors and other
therapeutic molecules originating from the same. This article tends to
deliberate and conceptualize the brief pathogenesis and pertinent
epigenetic regulatory mechanism as well as miRNA networks majorly
affecting five different ADs namely Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Diabetes,
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and
Inflammatory Bowel Disorder (IBD) thereby providing novel theranostic
interventions.
Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation in Relieving Post-operative Anxiety and Pain: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Song , Li Jianli Li , Wang Bei , Liu Meinv , Yu Dongdong
Published: January 2024

Background: Postoperative anxiety and pain were the relatively common
clinical problem. In the last few years, transcutaneous electrical
acupoint stimulation (TEAS) was increasingly used to improve
postoperative anxiety and pain. However, there was a lack of integrated
analysis and evaluation of existing evidence. Hence, the me-ta-analysis
intended to assess the efficacy of TEAS for relieving postoperative
anxi-ety and pain. Methods: We checked Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed,
China Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for
randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of TEAS on
postoperative anxiety and pain published from January 2013 to January
2023. Postoperative anxiety was assessed by the State Anxi-ety Inventory
(STAI) or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Visual
Analogue Scale (VAS) was utilized for evaluating postoperative pain at
24 hours. All data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.4 version. Results: The
meta-analysis ultimately included ten articles with a total of 2,705
pa-tients. Our analysis suggested that TEAS significantly improved the
postoperative anxiety (RR=0.61, 95%Cl=0.40～0.93，i²=0, P＜0.05) and
the VAS score at 24 hours (MD=-1.02, 95%Cl=-1.48～-0.57, i²=81%,
P＜0.05). In addition, TEAS decreased the incidence of postoperative
nausea and vomiting (PONV) (RR=0.62, 95%Cl=0.51～0.75, i²=43%,
P＜0.05) and dizziness (RR=0.55, 95%CI=0.31～0.97, i²=41%, P＜0.05).
Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that TEAS reduced the
incidence of postoperative anxiety and the VAS score at 24 hours, and
improved PONV and diz-ziness. However, additional high-quality articles
were needed to support this view at a later time.
TH17 cell: a double-edged sword in the development of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wang Ge , Wen Yue , Wang Han , Tian De-An
Published: January 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory
disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathogenesis has not been
fully understood. Extensive dysregulation of the intestinal mucosal
immune system is critical in the development and progression of IBD.
T-helper (Th) 17 cells have the characteristics of plasticity. They can
transdifferentiate into subpopulations with different functions in
response to different factors in the surrounding environment, thus
taking on different roles in regulating the intestinal immune response.
In this review, we will focus on the plasticity of Th17 cells as well as
the function of Th17 cells and related cytokines in IBD. We will
summarize their pathogenic and protective roles in IBD under different
conditions, respectively, hoping to further deepen the understanding of
the pathological mechanism of IBD and provide ideas for the future
treatment.
Participants' bias in disability research on Family Quality of Life during the 0-6 years stage
Authors: Mora Carmen Francisco , IBÁÑEZ-GARCÍA ALBA , BALCELLS-BALCELLS ANNA
Published: January 2024

Background: A recent systematic review on state of art of Family Quality
of Life (FQoL) in early care and disability identified a limitation in
some studies, where data were primarily collected from mothers. The
present study aimed to investigate whether there is a bias in
participant selection in empirical studies focusing on the quality of
life of families with children with disabilities aged 0 to 6 years.
Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted
in the Scopus, Web of Science, and Eric databases. A total of 72 studies
published between January 2000 and July 2022 were included. Results: 66
studies relying on the “traditional approach” of collecting
information from only one informant per family unit. Of the remaining
seven studies, only one adopted a systemic approach in which multiple
family members are represented. Conclusions: In most of the studies
there is a gap between the systemic theoretical framework and the
definition of FQoL on the one hand, and the selection of participants on
the other hand. Given the dynamic and collective nature of the
construct, the application of a systemic approach is necessary. Only one
study indicated an epistemological limitation regarding the validity of
the conceptualization.
Stomatal characteristics and their Position relative to leaf epidermal cells in ten Maple species of hyrcanian forests
Authors: esfahani Farzaneh Moghbel , Payamnoor Vahide , sattarian Ali
Published: January 2024

In the present study, we examined the structure of stomata in 7 native
species of hyrcanian forests (Acer hyrcanum, A.velutinum Boiss.,
A.campestre, A.platanoides L., A.cappadocicum, A.monspessulanum,
A.amazandaranicum) plus non-native species that fully adapted
(A.negundo, A.negundo variegatum, and A.palmatum). Light and electron
microscopy were used to determine the form and position of the stomata
in relation to the leaf epidermal cells. The length, width, shape, area,
perimeter, and stomatal density were all measured. It was found that the
stomata type of A.negundo varengiayum, A.campestre, A.hyrcanum,
A.mazandaranicum, A.monsspesulanum is anomocytic, in A.platanoides and
A.cappadocicum anomocytic with wavy subsidiary cells, anisocytic in
A.palmatum, parasitic in A.velutinum, and actinocytic A.negundo. In
terms of the location of stomata relative to adjacent epidermal cells,
we identified three types. In the first type, the stomata were flush
with adjacent epidermal cells (A.cappadocicum, A.negundo,
A.platanoides), in the second type, higher (A.negundo variegatum) and
the third type, lower (A.velutinum, A.monspesulanom, A.campestre, A.
mazandaranicum, A.hyrcanum). The principal component analysis was used
to determine the essential stomatal traits in differentiating between
species. We investigated tree-stemmed distribution in the coordinate
axis space based on two main components and performed cluster analysis
based on the stoma characteristics. A.platanoides, A.negundo, A.negundo
variegatum were in one cluster, and the other species were in separate
clusters. The calculation of dissimilarity among the studied species
indicates the slightest similarity between A.negundo and A.hyrcanum and
the highest similarity between A.campestre and A.mazandaranicum. The
discriminant analysis results identified stomatal density as the
essential factor in the differentiation between the studied species
Relationship between physical activity and behaviour challenges: A multi-site study of South African adolescents attending urban public schools
Authors: Asare Kwabena , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Ranjit Karina , Tomita Andrew , Paruk Saeeda
Published: January 2024

Aim. Four out of five adolescents worldwide are physically inactive
based on recommended standards. We determined whether physical activity
is associated with lower behavioral challenges in adolescents to promote
buy-in from stakeholders. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study
among 187 adolescent learners (12–18 years) from three government
schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, from January-March
2020. We fitted linear regression models between the Strengths and
Difficulties Questionnaire scores (total, internalizing, externalizing
and prosocial) and hours of physical activity exposure, adjusting for
demographic covariates and depression history. Results. The median age
was 14.4 years (Interquartile range=1.36) and 75.9% were females.
Overall average and weekday physical activity were each associated with
lower total and externalizing but higher pro-social scores. Depression
was associated with higher inactivity scores (total, internalizing and
externalizing). Conclusions. Physical activity is critical for healthy
adolescent hood and needs to be actively included in childhood
development.
Dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine subject to ice loading in glacial tills
Authors: Zou Pengxu , Bricker Jeremy , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi
Published: January 2024

The impact of drifting ice load on offshore wind turbines (OWT) in
ice-covered sea areas is a critical issue affecting their serviceability
and safety. To gain a better understanding of the ice-induced vibrations
(IIVs) and ice-structure-soil interactions (ISSIs) of OWTs, this study
employs the cohesive element method (CEM) coupled with the finite
element method (FEM) to simulate level ice sheet behavior. The study
defines a stress and separation relationship for brittle and
quasi-brittle materials and adopts an elasto-plastic constitutive law
for bulk ice mass elements. Additionally, a Smoothed Particle
Hydrodynamics (SPH) method that simulates level ice cover by mesh-free
particles is also employed for comparison. Since soil-structure
interaction (SSI) significantly impacts the dynamic response of OWTs
under ice loading, the Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) model is selected for glacial
soils. As a result, a three-dimensional numerical coupled ISSI model for
dynamic response analysis of an OWT is developed and a case study of the
ISSI of an OWT proposed in Lake Erie is presented. Moreover, a
sensitivity analysis of the impacts of ice and wind loadings (e.g., ice
thickness, ice drifting speed, wind speed, and ice-wind misalignment
angle) on the dynamic response of the OWT is conducted. The results
indicate that the coupled CEM-FEM approach is capable of analyzing
ice-OWT interactions more effectively than the SPH method. Furthermore,
the vibration frequencies of the OWT under combined ice-wind loads can
coincide with the OWT’s inherent natural frequencies, causing severe
response. The ice loading can have a more significant impact on the
OWT’s foundation compared to wind loading. This study provides insights
into and references for the ice-induced vibrations and
ice-structure-soil interactions of offshore wind turbines in ice-covered
coastal areas.