bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of in vitro generated metabolites of the selective androgen receptor modulators S‐22 and S‐23 and in vivo comparison to post‐administration canine urine specimens
Authors: Thevis Mario , Gerace Enrico , Thomas Andreas , Beuck Simon , Geyer Hans , Schlörer Nils , Kearbey Jeffrey D. , Dalton James T. , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: October 2010

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have great therapeutic potential in various diseases including cancer cachexia, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, and the number of drug candidates has been growing over the last decade. The SARM drug candidates S‐22 and S‐23 belong to one of the most advanced groups of androgen receptor modulators and are based on an arylpropionamide‐derived core structure. Due to their anabolic effects, SARMs have been prohibited in elite sports and have been a subject of sports drug testing programmes since January 2008. Consequently, the structure of analytically useful urinary metabolites should be elucidated to provide targets for sensitive and retrospective analysis. In the present study, the phase‐I and ‐II metabolism of S‐22 and S‐23 was simulated using hepatic human enzymes, and resulting metabolites were characterized by means of state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometric approaches employing high resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the newly defined target compounds including the glucuronic acid conjugates of S‐22 and S‐23, their corresponding monohydroxylated and bishydroxylated analogs, as well as their B‐ring depleted counterparts were implemented into an existing routine doping control procedure, which was examined for its specificity for the added substances. In order to obtain proof‐of‐concept data for authentic urine specimens, canine urine samples collected up to 72 h after oral administration of S‐22 to dogs were analyzed using the established approach outlining the capability of the presented assay to detect the glucuronide of S‐22 as well as the B‐ring‐depleted metabolite (M3) in all samples following therapeutic (31.4 µg/kg) dosing. Finally, M3 was chemically synthesized, characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry, and chosen as primary target for future doping control analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusually Large Bite Angle of a Distally Diphosphanylated Calix[4]arene Chelator (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 31/2010)
Authors: Sameni Soheila , Jeunesse Catherine , Awada Mouhamad , Matt Dominique , Welter Richard
Published: October 2010

The cover picture shows the structure of a calix[4]arene‐based ligand with an unusually large bite angle. Calix[4]arenes constitute versatile macrocyclic compounds, which can be obtained by condensation of phenols with formaldehyde. The so‐called CALDIPs, which are diphosphanes built upon such a skeleton, have recently found applications in a variety of C–C bond‐forming reactions, including polymerisation reactions. In the presence of group 8–10 transition metals, CALDIP ligands form straightforwardly dynamic chelate complexes, in which the ligand bite angle undergoes periodic variation. In the article by C. Jeunesse, D. Matt et al. on p. 4917 ff, a new chelate complex is described in which a CALDIP ligand adopts an unexpectedly large bite angle of 139°, which thus illustrates the great flexibility of the calix[4]arene core. The key ligand is depicted as superimposed over the sky of Strasbourg city (photo courtesy of Dr. R. Ruppert, UdS). Phenol–formaldehyde condensation products were already synthesised in Strasbourg by A. Baeyer in 1872.
Efficient Synthesis of Deazaguanosine‐Derived tRNA Nucleosides PreQ0, PreQ1, and Archaeosine Using the Turbo‐Grignard Method
Authors: Brückl Tobias , Thoma Ines , Wagner Andreas J. , Knochel Paul , Carell Thomas
Published: October 2010

The natural products PreQ1, PreQ0, and archaeosine are deazaguanosine‐derived natural products of immense biological importance. All three are critical components of tRNAs and, as such, are involved in decoding genetic information. We were able to consolidate and shorten the syntheses of all three compounds by using a novel Turbo‐Grignard‐based approach. The reported iodine/magnesium exchange followed by a Grignard reaction with the deazaguanosine skeleton showed a high tolerance towards important functional groups such as esters and amides.
Microwave‐Assisted Diversity‐Oriented Domino Synthesis of Functionalized Nicotinic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Tejedor David , Méndez‐Abt Gabriela , García‐Tellado Fernando
Published: October 2010

The microwave‐assisted diversity‐oriented domino synthesis of functionalized alkyl nicotinates from propargyl vinyl ethers is described. The domino manifold comprises a complex network of reactions involving at least five distinct chemical steps. The obtained alkyl nicotinates incorporate two diversity points at the ring and one ester functionality as convenient handles for further elaboration.
Characterization of particle capture in a sawtooth patterned insulating electrokinetic microfluidic device
Authors: Staton Sarah J. R. , Chen Kang Ping , Taylor Thomas J. , Pacheco Jose Rafael , Hayes Mark A.
Published: October 2010

Here we present a scheme to separate particles according to their characteristic physical properties, including size, charge, polarizability, deformability, surface charge mobility, dielectric features, and local capacitance. Separation is accomplished using a microdevice based on direct current insulator gradient dielectrophoresis that can isolate and concentrate multiple analytes simultaneously at different positions. The device is dependent upon dielectrophoretic and electrokinetic forces incorporating a global longitudinal direct current field as well as using shaped insulating features within the channel to induce local gradients. This design allows for the production of strong local field gradients along a global field causing particles to enter, initially transported through the channel by electrophoresis and electroosmosis (electrokinetics), and to be isolatedviarepulsive dielectrophoretic forces that are proportional to an exponent of the field gradient. Sulfate‐capped polystyrene nano and microparticles (20, 200 nm, and 1 μm) were used as probes to demonstrate the influence of channel geometry and applied longitudinal field on separation behavior. These results are consistent with models using similar channel geometry and indicate that specific particulate species can be isolated within a distinct portion of the device, whereas concentrating particles by factors from 103to 106.
Chip‐based CE for rapid separation of 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (APTS) derivatized glycans
Authors: Smejkal Petr , Szekrényes Ákos , Ryvolová Markéta , Foret František , Guttman András , Bek Fritz , Macka Mirek
Published: October 2010

Fluorescently labeled carbohydrates released from glycoproteins were separated using a commercially available microfluidic chip electrophoresis system. While the instrumentation was primarily designed for DNA analysis it was found that the application base can be easily expanded using the development software provided by the manufacturer. The carbohydrates were released by enzymatic digestion (PNGase F) from glycoproteins present in human plasma after boronic acid – lectin affinity enrichment. After fluorescent labeling with 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid the carbohydrates were separated based on capillary gel electrophoresis mechanism and detected by a fluorescence detector using a blue (470 nm) LED. The separation was completed in 40 s in a microfluidic channel of 14 mm length. Glucose ladder carbohydrate oligomers differing by one glucose unit were baseline separated up to a 20‐mer with the main limitation being the detection sensitivity. As expected, the observed resolution in these experiments did not approach that of standard CE with 20 times longer separation distance; however, the chip‐based analysis excelled in the speed of the separation. Similar electrophoretic profiles of glycans released from plasma glycoproteins were obtained using a standard CE equipment with 35 cm separation length and microfluidic chips with a separation distance of only 14 mm.
Do verbal interactions with infants during electronic media exposure mitigate adverse impacts on their language development as toddlers?
Authors: Mendelsohn Alan L. , Brockmeyer Carolyn A. , Dreyer Benard P. , Fierman Arthur H. , Berkule‐Silberman Samantha B. , Tomopoulos Suzy
Published: October 2010

The goal of this study was to determine whether verbal interactions between mothers and their 6‐month‐old infants during media exposure (‘media verbal interactions’) might have direct positive impacts, or mitigate any potential adverse impacts of media exposure, on language development at 14 months. For 253 low‐income mother–infant dyads participating in a longitudinal study, media exposure and media verbal interactions were assessed using 24‐hour recall diaries. Additionally, general level of cognitive stimulation in the home [StimQ] was assessed at 6 months and language development [Preschool Language Scale‐4] was assessed at 14 months. Results suggest that media verbal interactions play a role in the language development of infants from low‐income, immigrant families. Evidence showed that media verbal interactions moderated adverse impacts of media exposure found on 14‐month language development, with adverse associations found only in the absence the these interactions. Findings also suggest that media verbal interactions may have some direct positive impacts on language development, in that media verbal interactions during the co‐viewing of media with educational content (but not other content) were predictive of 14‐month language independently of overall level of cognitive stimulation in the home. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We are not all legislated equally: A national survey of system offices for institutional research
Authors: Hom Willard C. , Fong‐Batkin LeAnn G.
Published: October 2010

The operation of a system office for community college institutional research occurs in a majority of the fifty states, and how states handle institutional research functions can vary for a variety of reasons.
Getting focused without cropping the big picture: The system office in California
Authors: Hom Willard C.
Published: October 2010

The system office for the largest set of community colleges in the nation faces many challenges.
Turning state data and research into information: An example from Washington State's student achievement initiative
Authors: Prince David , Seppanen Loretta , Stephens Deborah , Stewart Carmen
Published: October 2010

The Washington State Student Achievement Initiative is a new incentive system that measures and rewards community and technical colleges for increasing student success with the first performance payment in fall 2009.
Keeping your eyes on the prize: Maintaining priorities in periods of transition and reduction
Authors: Hughes John
Published: October 2010

Florida's story offers insights on how a transitioning higher education system tackles its mission with a wealth of data.
A blocking and regularization approach to high‐dimensional realized covariance estimation
Authors: Hautsch Nikolaus , Kyj Lada M. , Oomen Roel C. A.
Published: October 2010

We introduce a blocking and regularization approach to estimate high‐dimensional covariances using high‐frequency data. Assets are first grouped according to liquidity. Using the multivariate realized kernel estimator of Barndorff‐Nielsen et al. (2010), the covariance matrix is estimated block‐wise and then regularized. The performance of the resulting blocking and regularization (‘RnB’) estimator is analyzed in an extensive simulation study mimicking the liquidity and market microstructure features of the S&P 1500 universe. The RnB estimator yields efficiency gains for varying liquidity settings, noise‐to‐signal ratios and dimensions. An empirical application of estimating daily covariances of the S&P 500 index confirms the simulation results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A content analyses of guided imagery scripts: a strategy for the development of cultural adaptations
Authors: La Roche Martin J. , Batista Cynthia , D'Angelo Eugene
Published: October 2010

This paper proposes a first step in deciding whether it is necessary to develop a cultural adaptation by comparing the cultural characteristics of an intervention with the same characteristics of a specific group. Larger cultural differences suggest a greater need to conduct a cultural adaptation. This recommendation stems from the cultural match theory (CMT) which, explains that therapeutic outcomes increase as interventions are more similar to the cultural characteristics of specific treatment groups. However, the CMT has rarely been tested, partly because strategies to effectively measure the cultural characteristics of an intervention are still lacking. This article addresses this gap by assessing two dimensions of the self‐orientation relevant to cultural adaptations, namely, idiocentrism—the tendency to define oneself in isolation from others—and allocentrism—the tendency to define oneself in relationship to others—through a content analysis of guided imagery scripts. Two independent evaluators analyzed 123 guided imagery scripts (published during 1989–2008) using 6 theoretically derived categories to analyze idiocentrism versus allocentrism. Results indicated that idiocentric elements were 1.5 to 52.3 times more frequently used than were allocentric ones. The implications of these findings for the development of culturally adapted interventions are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–10, 2010.
Generalized anxiety disorder: clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and guidelines for clinical practice
Authors: van der Heiden Colin , Methorst Gerda , Muris Peter , van der Molen Henk T.
Published: October 2010

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterised by persistent worrying, anxiety symptoms, and tension. General practitioners and mental healthcare professionals frequently misdiagnose the presenting symptoms. This article addresses the clinical presentation of GAD and provides guidelines for discriminating GAD from other disorders, based on theoretical considerations and clinical experience. Debate relating to the validity of the definition of GAD is discussed, and suggestions are made for improving the criteria for GAD, which may guide future versions of classification systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–16, 2010.
Antibody formation and mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor expression impact the efficacy of muscle‐specific transgene expression in murine Pompe disease
Authors: Sun Baodong , Li Songtao , Bird Andrew , Yi Haiqing , Kemper Alex , Thurberg Beth L. , Koeberl Dwight D.
Published: October 2010

Background

Lysosomal storage disorders such as Pompe disease can be more effectively treated, if immune tolerance to enzyme or gene replacement therapy can be achieved. Alternatively, immune responses against acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) might be evaded in Pompe disease through muscle‐specific expression of GAA with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors.

Methods

An AAV vector containing the MHCK7 regulatory cassette to drive muscle‐specific GAA expression was administered to GAA knockout (KO) mice, immune tolerant GAA‐KO mice and mannose‐6‐phosphate deficient GAA‐KO mice. GAA activity and glycogen content were analyzed in striated muscle to determine biochemical efficacy.

Results

The biochemical efficacy from GAA expression was slightly reduced in GAA‐KO mice, as demonstrated by higher residual glycogen content in skeletal muscles. Next, immune tolerance to GAA was induced in GAA‐KO mice by co‐administration of a second AAV vector encoding liver‐specific GAA along with the AAV vector encoding muscle‐specific GAA. Antibody formation was prevented by liver‐specific GAA, and the biochemical efficacy of GAA expression was improved in the absence of antibodies, as demonstrated by significantly reduced glycogen content in the diaphragm. Efficacy was reduced in old GAA‐KO mice despite the absence of antibodies. The greatest impact upon gene therapy was observed in GAA‐KO mice lacking the mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor in muscle. The clearance of stored glycogen was markedly impaired despite high GAA expression in receptor‐deficient Pompe disease mice.

Conclusions

Overall, antibody formation had a subtle effect upon efficacy, whereas the absence of mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors markedly impaired muscle‐targeted gene therapy in murine Pompe disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of methylxanthines in different types of tea by a newly developed and validated TLC method
Authors: Cimpoiu Claudia , Hosu Anamaria , Seserman Liana , Sandru Mihaela , Miclaus Vasile
Published: October 2010

The aim of this paper is to develop a new simple, fast and economical method for simultaneous quantitative determination of methylxanthine compounds based on TLC combined with image analysis. To obtain certain results, both extraction and chromatographic separation were optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were maceration in ethanol–water 8:2, v/v. The chromatographic separations were done on the silica gel F254 TLC plates developed with chloroform–dichloromethane–isopropanol, 4:2:1 v/v/v. Detection was performed under UV lamp at 254 nm and the evaluation of the chromatographic plate was based on digital processing of chromatographic images. The developed TLC method was validated for parameters such as specificity, linearity and range, LOD and LOQ, precision, robustness and accuracy. This method was then applied for determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in different types of tea, commercially available. Moreover, the content of methylxanthines detected and determined in commercial tea samples can be used as chemical marker in quality control.
An overview of matrix effects in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Trufelli Helga , Palma Pierangela , Famiglini Giorgio , Cappiello Achille
Published: October 2010

Matrix‐dependent signal suppression or enhancement represents a major drawback in quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC–API‐MS). Because matrix effects (ME) might exert a detrimental impact on important method parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision), they have to be tested and evaluated during validation procedure. This review gives a detailed description on when these phenomena might be expected, and how they can be evaluated. The major sources of ME are discussed and illustrated with examples from bioanalytical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis. Because there is no universal solution for ME, the main strategies to overcome these phenomena are described in detail. Special emphasis is devoted to the sample‐preparation procedures as well as to the recent improvements on chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. An overview of the main calibration techniques to compensate for ME is also presented. All these solutions can be used alone or in combination to retrieve the performance of the LC–MS for a particular matrix–analyte combination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:491–509, 2011
Clinical application and outcome of the internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) free flap for soft tissue reconstructions of the upper head and neck region in three patients
Authors: Schellekens Pascal P.A. , Hage J. Joris , Paes Emma C. , Kon Moshe
Published: October 2010

Background: The fasciocutaneous internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) island flap allows for superior esthetical and functional skin cover in the head and neck region in combination with limited donor site morbidity. Its modification as a free flap allows reconstruction of more cranial defects. Patients and methods: Three IMAP free flaps varying from 7 × 4 cm2 to 10 × 6 cm2 were transplanted in three patients with a mean age of 59 years (range, 54–69 years). Enhancement of the flap's vascular pedicle at least doubles the diameter of the internal mammary vessels to be anastomosed. Results: Coverage with excellent texture and color match was uneventfully obtained and the flaps' donor sites were primarily closed in all three cases. Conclusions: Our experience proves the consistent feasibility of successful transplantation of the IMAP free flap. Because of its characteristics, we suggest contemplating the use of this flap in the upper head and neck region. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Estimation of Acid Dissociation Constants Using Graph Kernels
Authors: Rupp Matthias , Körner Robert , Tetko Igor V.
Published: October 2010

The biopharmaceutical profile of a compound depends directly on the dissociation constants of its acidic and basic groups. We estimate these constants using kernel ridge regression and graph kernels. The performance of our approach is similar to that of a semi‐empirical model (Tehan et al, QSAR & Comb. Sci. 21(5): 457–472, 473–485) based on frontier electron theory, but uses only the annotated structure graph. In particular, no structure optimization is necessary. We discuss advantages and shortcomings of our approach.
Neue Regelung zur Verordnung besonderer Arzneimittel. “Zweitmeinungsverfahren”: Sparbüchse oder Qualitätsinstrument?
Authors: Briswalter Stéphanie , Heigl Andreas
Published: October 2010

Die Indikation der Pulmonal Arteriellen Hypertonie dient als Testlauf für die seit 1. April 2009 neu eingeführte Regelung zur Verordnung besonderer Arzneimittel (“Zweitmeinungsverfahren”). Das Ziel ist die Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität einerseits und zugleich die Sicherstellung der Wirtschaftlichkeit andererseits. Begründet wird dies mit den stark variierenden, zum Teil hohen Jahrestherapiekosten der verschiedenen Therapiemöglichkeiten der PAH. Problematisch ist dabei die Beurteilung der Arzneimittelverordnung bezüglich Zweckmäßigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit, die der “Zweitmeinungsarzt” vorzunehmen hat.

Die Umsetzung in der Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses deutet jedoch darauf hin, dass damit Ärzte und Patienten eher verunsichert werden und der bürokratische Aufwand höher erscheint als der potenzielle Nutzen des Verfahrens.
Modulation of color change and photocyclization of diarylethene with metal complex
Authors: Liu Huan‐Huan , Chen Yi
Published: October 2010

Modulation of color change and photocyclization of diarylethene with metal complex is described. A diarylethene derivative with 4‐(ethylideneamino) phenol group 1a is prepared and photochromic behavior is investigated. It is found that 1a exhibits ring‐opening and ring‐closing photoisomerization with UV/Vis light irradiation in solution. Addition of Cu(OAc)2 to the solution of 1a produces a metal complex 1a–Cu, which generates not only marked color change but also significant promotion in photocyclization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and property comparison between the di‐piperidinyl‐ and di‐pyrrolidinyl‐substituted perylene tetracarboxylic diimides
Authors: Feng Junqian , Wang Delou , Wang Hailong , Zhang Daopeng , Zhang Liangliang , Li Xiyou
Published: October 2010

Four compounds 1–4 connected with cyclic amino groups at the bay positions of perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) have been prepared and the isomers with 1,7‐ and 1,6‐substituted PDIs were successfully separated by conventional column chromatography. The structures of 1,7‐dipyrrolidinyl‐substituted PDI (1) and 1,7‐dipiperidinyl‐substituted PDI (3) were further characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments. The crystal structure revealed that the small difference in the molecular structure has caused significant difference on the absorption and emission spectra as well as the electrochemical properties. The shorter bond length of C1N3, together with the more sp2 hybrid atomic orbital characteristics of the nitrogen atom in pyrrolidine relative to those in piperidine is found to be responsible for this large property difference between 1 and 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphologies and crystalline forms of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes prepared in different diluents by thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Yang Jian , Wang Xiao‐Lin , Tian Ye , Lin Yakai , Tian Feng
Published: October 2010

We have studied the morphologies and crystalline forms of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes separately prepared in four different diluents bearing >CO groups, namely 1,2‐propylene glycol carbonate (PGC), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diphenyl ketone (DPK), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), by the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. The permittivities of the diluents and PVDF were measured to compare the different PVDF–diluent systems. The results showed the permittivity of PGC to be much greater than that of PVDF, and those of DMP and DBP to be lower than that of PVDF. The permittivity difference between DPK and PVDF was not apparent above 120 °C. On cooling mixtures with a PVDF concentration of 10 wt %, PVDF crystallization was observed in the PVDF–DMP, PVDF–DBP, and PVDF–PGC systems, while liquid–liquid phase separation occurred in the PVDF–DPK system. A cross‐section of the PVDF–PGC membrane presented smooth PVDF particles in the β‐phase crystalline form. Those of the PVDF–DMP and PVDF–DBP membranes presented PVDF particles consisting of a fibrillar network in the α‐phase. The PVDF–DPK membrane preferentially adopted an α‐phase bicontinuous channel structure. When the concentration of PVDF was 60 wt %, the cross‐sections of the above four membranes revealed PVDF polyhedra, among which the PVDF–DMP, PVDF–DBP, and PVDF–DPK membranes retained the α‐phase crystalline form, and the diffraction peak of the α‐phase became visible in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the PVDF–PGC membrane. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Effects of microcrystallites on swelling behavior in chemically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels
Authors: Otsuka Emiko , Kudo Shuhei , Sugiyama Masaaki , Suzuki Atsushi
Published: October 2010

We report the swelling ratio and network structure of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde with different degrees of crosslinks. Microcrystallites were formed in a chemical PVA gel during a drying process and were confirmed by X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formation of microcrystallites in the dried gels was suppressed by increasing the degrees of chemical crosslinks. When the dried samples were immersed in pure water at 25 °C, the swelling ratio depended on the degree of chemical crosslinks resulting from the destruction of physical crosslinks by microcrystallites. On the other hand, when the dried samples were immersed in a poor solvent of a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water at 8 °C, the gels did not swell and stayed in the collapsed state. Starting from the collapsed state, the equilibrium swelling ratios were measured while the temperature was increased to 90 °C and then decreased to 8 °C. As a result, irreversible swelling behaviors were observed for all gels with different degrees of crosslinks, which were attributed to the destruction of microcrystallites. The swelling behavior is discussed in terms of the formation and destruction of additional physical crosslinks in the chemical PVA gels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Psychological outcomes of siblings of cancer survivors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Buchbinder David , Casillas Jacqueline , Krull Kevin R. , Goodman Pam , Leisenring Wendy , Recklitis Christopher , Alderfer Melissa A. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Kunin‐Batson Alicia , Stuber Margaret , Zeltzer Lonnie K.
Published: October 2010

Objective: To identify risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes among adult siblings of long‐term survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods: Cross‐sectional, self‐report data from 3083 adult siblings (mean age 29 years, range 18–56 years) of 5 + year survivors of childhood cancer were analyzed to assess psychological outcomes as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 (BSI‐18). Sociodemographic and health data, reported by both the siblings and their matched cancer survivors, were explored as risk factors for adverse sibling psychological outcomes through multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Self‐reported symptoms of psychological distress, as measured by the global severity index of the BSI‐18, were reported by 3.8% of the sibling sample. Less than 1.5% of siblings reported elevated scores on two or more of the subscales of the BSI‐18. Risk factors for sibling depression included having a survivor brother (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.42–3.55), and having a survivor with impaired general health (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18–3.78). Siblings who were younger than the survivor reported increased global psychological distress (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.05–3.12), as did siblings of survivors reporting global psychological distress (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.08–4.59). Siblings of sarcoma survivors reported more somatization than did siblings of leukemia survivors (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.05–3.98).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that siblings of long‐term childhood cancer survivors are psychologically healthy in general. There are, however, small subgroups of siblings at risk for long‐term psychological impairment who may benefit from preventive risk‐reduction strategies during childhood while their sibling with cancer is undergoing treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of dyadic communication in couples managing prostate cancer: a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Song Lixin , Northouse Laurel L. , Zhang Lingling , Braun Thomas M. , Cimprich Bernadine , Ronis David L. , Mood Darlene W.
Published: October 2010

Objective: Cancer patients and partners often report inadequate communication about illness‐related issues, although it is essential for mutual support and informal caregiving. This study examined the patterns of change in dyadic communication between patients with prostate cancer and their partners, and also determined if certain factors affected their communication over time.

Method: Using multilevel modeling, this study analyzed longitudinal data obtained from a randomized clinical trial with prostate cancer patients and their partners, to examine their communication over time. Patients and partners (N=134 pairs) from the usual‐care control group independently completed baseline demographic assessment and measures of social support, uncertainty, symptom distress, and dyadic communication at baseline, and 4‐, 8‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups.

Results: The results indicated that (1) patients and partners reported similar levels of open communication at the time of diagnosis. Communication reported by patients and partners decreased over time in a similar trend, regardless of phase of illness; (2) phase of illness affected couples' open communication at diagnosis but not patterns of change over time; and (3) couples' perceived communication increased as they reported more social support, less uncertainty, and fewer hormonal symptoms in patients. Couples' demographic factors and general symptoms, and patients' prostate cancer‐specific symptoms did not affect their levels of open communication.

Conclusions: Perceived open communication between prostate cancer patients and partners over time is affected by certain baseline and time‐varying psychosocial and cancer‐related factors. The results provide empirical evidence that may guide the development of strategies to facilitate couples' interaction and mutual support during survivorship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Functionalization of MWCNTs in He Followed by NH3 Treatment and its Application in PMMA Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Pourfayaz Fathollah , Khodadadi Abbas Ali , Mortazavi Yadollah , Jafari Seyed‐Hassan
Published: October 2010

We report treatment of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by dielectric barrier discharge plasma followed by their exposure to NH3, which are to be used for making poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based nanocomposites. First MWCNTs were treated by He plasma and then exposed to NH3. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed presence of nitrogen‐containing functional groups attached to the MWCNTs surface. Influence of the functionalized nanotubes (F‐MWCNTs) on surface electrical resistivity of the PMMA‐based nanocomposites was determined and compared with those of pristine (not functionalized) and acid‐treated MWCNTs. The results revealed that F‐MWCNTs decrease the surface electrical resistivity of the nanocomposites better than those of pristine and acid‐treated MWCNTs. This was attributed to better dispersion state of F‐MWCNTs confirmed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images.

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Satellite link performance under rain and external interferences: Constraints to be imposed on the statistical behavior of the external interferences
Authors: Fortes José Mauro P. , Baptista Antonio José S.
Published: October 2010

This paper concerns an environment in which several communication systems share a common frequency band and, therefore, each system operates subject to the interference generated by the others. More specifically, the paper addresses the problem of establishing the limits that should be imposed on the transmitted interfering signals so that all systems sharing the band are able to operate adequately and none of them experiences harmful interferences. This is a well‐known problem for those working in the telecommunication regulation and standardization areas. Its solution requires studies and analysis that are usually complex and strongly depend on the technical characteristics of the systems involved. This paper presents a new technique that is able to determine, in a systematic way, the constraints to be imposed on the statistical behavior of the external interferences affecting a satellite link to guarantee that the link performance requirements are satisfied. The proposed technique considers the joint effect of the degradations due to rain and due to external interferences. In the method, a series expansion on the basis of orthonormal functions is used to represent the probability density function of the degradation due to external interferences and the limiting mask is obtained by solving a conveniently defined constrained optimization problem. The method is flexible enough to allow for the use of the rain attenuation models that are usually employed in link calculations. Two example applications are presented: one involving a satellite downlink in 19 GHz and the other an uplink in 29 GHz using power control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo kinetics of [F‐18]MEFWAY: A comparison with [C‐11]WAY100635 and [F‐18]MPPF in the nonhuman primate
Authors: Wooten D.W. , Moraino J.D. , Hillmer A.T. , Engle J.W. , DeJesus O.J. , Murali D. , Barnhart T.E. , Nickles R.J. , Davidson R.J. , Schneider M.L. , Mukherjee J. , Christian B.T.
Published: October 2010

[F‐18]Mefway was developed to provide an F‐18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) neuroligand with high affinity for the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor to improve the in vivo assessment of the 5‐HT1A system. The goal of this work was to compare the in vivo kinetics of [F‐18]mefway, [F‐18]MPPF, and [C‐11]WAY100635 in the rhesus monkey. Methods: Each of four monkeys were given bolus injections of [F‐18]mefway, [C‐11]WAY100635, and [F‐18]MPPF and scans were acquired with a microPET P4 scanner. Arterial blood was sampled to assay parent compound throughout the time course of the PET experiment. Time activity curves were extracted in the high 5‐HT1A binding areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACG), mesial temporal cortex, raphe nuclei, and insula cortex. Time activity curves were also extracted in the cerebellum, which was used as a reference region. The in vivo kinetics of the radiotracers were compared based on the nondisplaceable distribution volume (VND) and binding potential (BPND). Results: At 30 min, the fraction of radioactivity in the plasma due to parent compound was 19%, 28%, and 29% and cleared from the arterial plasma at rates of 0.0031, 0.0078, and 0.0069 (min−1) ([F‐18]mefway, [F‐18]MPPF, [C‐11]WAY100635). The BPND in the brain regions were mesial temporal cortex: 7.4 ± 0.6, 3.1 ± 0.4, 7.0 ± 1.2, ACG: 7.2 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.2, 7.9 ± 1.2; raphe nuclei: 3.7 ± 0.6, 1.3 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 0.7; and insula cortex: 4.2 ± 0.6, 1.2 ± 0.1, 4.7 ± 1.0 for [F‐18]mefway, [F‐18]MPPF, and [C‐11]WAY100635 respectively. Conclusions: In the rhesus monkey, [F‐18]mefway has similar in vivo kinetics to [C‐11]WAY100635 and yields greater than 2‐fold higher BPND than [F‐18]MPPF. These properties make [F‐18]mefway a promising radiotracer for 5‐HT1A assay, providing higher counting statistics and a greater dynamic range in BPND. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How do we ensure that everyone graduates? An integrated prevention and tiered intervention model for schools and districts
Authors: Mac Iver Martha Abele , Mac Iver Douglas J.
Published: October 2010

Schools with large numbers of students falling off the graduation path need comprehensive reforms that create a solid foundation of high‐quality instruction and positive behavioral supports for all students. They also need data‐driven response systems that provide targeted and intensive interventions for students who need additional academic and social supports. This article offers a systematic plan for dropout prevention at the district and school levels that integrates research‐based recommendations into a coherent, three‐tiered model. The model provides a way to coordinate all types of interventions and replace the patchwork of fragmented programs that often allows students to fall through the cracks.
Using technology to engage and educate youth
Authors: Martinez Monica , Schilling Susan
Published: October 2010

Given that information age technologies are as natural to the Net generation as breathing, it is time to provide learning experiences that maximize their use in schools. The authors argue that integrating technology into learning is central to creating the meaningful learning opportunities needed to engage and motivate youth today. To achieve this potential, however, technology must support a new paradigm of teaching and learning. This chapter discusses common elements and challenges to implementing pioneering high school reform models that promote one‐to‐one student‐computer ratios, collaborative learning environments, problem‐ and project‐based instruction, and interdisciplinary teaching.
The Mobile story: Data‐driven community efforts to raise graduation rates
Authors: Newell Jeremiah , Akers Carolyn
Published: October 2010

Through sustained community organizing and strategic partnerships, the Mobile (Alabama) County Public School System is improving achievement and creating beat‐the‐odds schools that set and achieve high academic expectations despite the challenges of poverty and racial disparity. The authors chart how Mobile's Research Alliance for Multiple Pathways, funded through the U.S. Department of Labor's Multiple Pathways Blueprint Initiative, is identifying gaps in services throughout the community, analyzing the data about dropouts, benchmarking other communities, studying best practices, and mobilizing the community to expect and demand higher graduation rates. These activities are resulting in early identification of off‐track students and coordination of school‐ and community‐based reforms.
New Energetic Copper(II) Complexes With Pyrazolyl Type Ligands
Authors: Öz Sevi , Svoboda Ingrid , Kurtaran Raif , Aksu Mecit , Sari Musa , Kunduraci Melike , Atakol Orhan
Published: October 2010

Nine CuII complexes (I–IX) containing the azide ion and bis‐2,6‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (pp), bis‐2,6‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (dmpp), and 2‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (mpp), which are derivatives of pyrazolylpyridine, were prepared in nonaqueous medium. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. Crystals of one of these complexes [CumppClN3 (VII)] were prepared in suitable size, and a molecular structure of this complex was obtained with X‐ray diffraction method. Complexes were examined by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry methods. Thermal decomposition was observed in complexes including two azide groups similar to that seen in explosives. In the complexes containing one azide group, formation of the CuI complexes was observed after thermal decomposition of the azide group.
A Quantitative Assessment of Changing Trends in Internet Usage for Cancer Information
Authors: McHugh Seamus M. , Corrigan Mark , Morney Nora , Sheikh Athar , Lehane Elaine , Hill Arnold D. K.
Published: October 2010

Background

The internet is an important source of healthcare information. To date, assessment of its use as a source of oncologic information has been restricted to retrospective surveys.

Methods

The cancer‐related searches of approximately 361,916,185 people in the United States and the United Kingdom were examined. Data were collected from two separate 100‐day periods in 2008 and 2010.

Results

In 2008, there were 97,531 searches. The majority of searches related to basic cancer information (18,700, 19%), followed by treatment (8404, 9%) and diagnosis (6460, 7%). This compares with 179,025 searches in 2010 representing an increase of 183%. In 2008 breast cancer accounted for 21,102 (21%) individual searches, increasing to 85,825 searches in 2010. In 2010 a total of 0.2% (321) of searches focused on litigation, with those searching for breast cancer information most likely to research this topic (P = 0.000).

Conclusion

Use of the internet as a source of oncological information is increasing rapidly. These searches represent the most sensitive information relating to cancer, including prognosis and litigation. It is imperative now that efforts are made to ensure the reliability and comprehensiveness of this information.
Aqueous Extraction and Enzymatic Destabilization of Coconut Milk Emulsions
Authors: Raghavendra S. N. , Raghavarao K. S. M. S.
Published: October 2010

Fresh and mature coconuts were subjected to deshelling, paring and disintegration. The coconut milk was extracted, treated with an enzyme (protease) at different concentrations and centrifuged, in order to separate it into coconut cream and aqueous phases. Subsequently, coconut cream was subjected to chilling (different temperatures) and thawing to ambient temperature (29 ± 2 °C) followed by centrifugation to obtain a clear virgin coconut oil (VCO). Coconut milk treated with aspartic protease at concentration of 0.02 mg/g, resulted in 90.4 ± 1.2% yield. A maximum yield of 95.3 ± 1.0% was obtained when the treatment of coconut milk with aspartic protease at concentration of 0.02 mg/g was followed by chilling (5 °C) and thawing. Physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions were evaluated and compared with commercial coconut oil samples. It was found that the oil obtained from present study is low with respect to free fatty acids (0.31%) and peroxide value (0.81 mequiv O2/kg) when compared with the commercial coconut oil samples. Sensory evaluation was also carried out to ensure the product acceptability.
Kinetic Study on Oxirane Cleavage of Epoxidized Palm Oil
Authors: Guo Ruihua , Ma Chuanguo , Sun Shangde , Ma Yuxiang
Published: October 2010

A ring‐opened product (EPO‐HOAc) was prepared using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and acetic acid (HOAc). The kinetics of the oxirane cleavage of EPO were investigated at 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C, respectively, in the presence of HOAc. The rate equation of oxirane cleavage was as follows: r = k[Ep][CH3COOH]1.6 ([Ep] is the molar concentration of oxiranes, [CH3COOH] is the molar concentration of HOAc), and the activation energy of oxirane cleavage was 40.28 kJ mol−1. The structure of EPO‐HOAc was confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H NMR. The oxidative stability of EPO‐HOAc was better than that of palm oil (PO), and the pour point of EPO‐HOAc was lower than that of PO and EPO, which made EPO‐HOAc more suitable for biodegradable lubricant materials than PO and EPO.
A Technical Assessment of the Utility of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays for the Study of the Functional Proteome in Non-microdissected Human Breast Cancers
Authors: Hennessy Bryan T. , Lu Yiling , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana Maria , Carey Mark S. , Myhre Simen , Ju Zhenlin , Davies Michael A. , Liu Wenbin , Coombes Kevin , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Bedrosian Isabelle , McGahren Mollianne , Agarwal Roshan , Zhang Fan , Overgaard Jens , Alsner Jan , Neve Richard M. , Kuo Wen-Lin , Gray Joe W. , Borresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Mills Gordon B.
Published: October 2010

Introduction

The lack of large panels of validated antibodies, tissue handling variability, and intratumoral heterogeneity potentially hamper comprehensive study of the functional proteome in non-microdissected solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to address these concerns and to demonstrate clinical utility for the functional analysis of proteins in non-microdissected breast tumors using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA).

Methods

Herein, 82 antibodies that recognize kinase and steroid signaling proteins and effectors were validated for RPPA. Intraslide and interslide coefficients of variability were <15%. Multiple sites in non-microdissected breast tumors were analyzed using RPPA after intervals of up to 24 h on the benchtop at room temperature following surgical resection.

Results

Twenty-one of 82 total and phosphoproteins demonstrated time-dependent instability at room temperature with most variability occurring at later time points between 6 and 24 h. However, the 82-protein functional proteomic “fingerprint” was robust in most tumors even when maintained at room temperature for 24 h before freezing. In repeat samples from each tumor, intratumoral protein levels were markedly less variable than intertumoral levels. Indeed, an independent analysis of prognostic biomarkers in tissue from multiple tumor sites accurately and reproducibly predicted patient outcomes. Significant correlations were observed between RPPA and immunohistochemistry. However, RPPA demonstrated a superior dynamic range. Classification of 128 breast cancers using RPPA identified six subgroups with markedly different patient outcomes that demonstrated a significant correlation with breast cancer subtypes identified by transcriptional profiling.

Conclusion

Thus, the robustness of RPPA and stability of the functional proteomic “fingerprint” facilitate the study of the functional proteome in non-microdissected breast tumors.