bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Food Accessibility of Rural Households:A Study in Birbhum, West Bengal
Authors: Bagchi Shibani
Published: October 2021

In view of the goal of achieving ‘Zero Hunger’ by 2030 set in the United Nations Summit, 2015, the present study makes an attempt to identify the determinants of food accessibility of rural households in six selected villages of two blocks of the district of Birbhum, West Bengal. Food accessibility implies ability to acquire food through various means. The study is based on primary data collected from field survey in a few sample villages. The total sample size is 500. Food accessibility of the households is analysed in terms of their monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) on food. This calculated MPCE has been compared with the MPCE on food as per the minimum food basket for rural India set by the Planning Commission in 2014. The households have been classified into two groups, viz, households lying above the specified threshold of food accessibility are considered to be those having food accessibility and households below that cut off of food accessibility are taken to be those not having that accessibility. Logit regression, applied for finding out the determinants, reveals that number of years of education of the heads of the households, female literacy rate, monthly income of the households, work force participation rate positively influences food accessibility, while monthly expenses on intoxicants have a deterring effect on food accessibility of the households. The study suggests that access to sustainable employment opportunities for the poor can be the most important solution for achieving ‘Zero Hunger’.
Varying the Profitability and Cost of Cultivation: A Spatio-Temporal Economic Analysis
Authors: Mandal Amit
Published: October 2021

The several policies and initiatives has been taken to cope up the problem of agrarian distress, farmer suicides and to increase the farm employment across the different size classes of farming community The government of India (2016-17 budget) has set a policy target of doubling farmers’ income by 2022 by ensuring the food security and income. The present study has explored the trend and pattern of cost of cultivation of paddy and wheat crop across some major producing states over the time period as cost of cultivation is treated one side of the coin while farmers’ income is the other side of the coin. The trend and pattern of different cost, profit, growth rate and efficiency of inputs have estimated across states over time. The descriptive analysis has been done using the CCS data published by CACP. There exists spatio-temporal variation in different costs, profit and growth. Thus a detailed review is needed to identify the state-wise important determinants (inputs) for the cultivation and after identifying the inputs supportive action is required through public policies
Nilai-Nilai Karakter sebagai Pembentuk Peradaban Manusia di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Muslimin Erwin , Farhan Fachmi , Hasanah Aan , Arifin Bambang Samsul
Published: October 2021

Talking about human civilization certainly cannot be separated from the values ​​that exist in humans themselves. In the current era of globalization, it turns out to have a very large influence on human life in various aspects of life, both social, political, economic, cultural, and others. Globalization has changed everyday life, especially felt by developing countries, and at the same time has created new transnational systems and forces. Globalization has affected the younger generation of Muslims, especially in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Departing from the above, it is necessary to launch and implement a strategy for inculcating the values ​​of local civilization in order to respond to the challenges of globalization. This is important to do so that teenagers or students are not trapped in the damage caused by globalization, one of which is the cultivation of character and ethical values ​​to students and youth. The inculcation of character and ethical values ​​is very important as the shaper of human civilization so that Indonesia, which is known as an ethical country, does not fade and is crushed by globalization and bad influences from other countries. The research methodology in this study uses a qualitative approach. It can be concluded that character values ​​are a strong foundation and fortress to withstand the negative currents of globalization.
Implementasi Metode Langsung Dalam Meningkatkan Bahasa Arab
Authors: Maturidi Maturidi
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

In this study aims to find about the implementation of a direct method in improving Arabic in the Modern Ar-Ridho Sentul Pondok, as Arabic as the language of the Koran revealed by Allah to the prophet Muhammad SAW, while in this discussion produced several important points, among others, the application of the direct method of language improvement is done by creating a good language environment (bi'ah lugowiyah), all pondok residents speak Arabic without exception, making activities that support the implementation of Arabic language improvement methods, namely conversation, contest drama and others, in an effort to implement direct methods there are driving and inhibiting factors in applying these methods, the hope of this research is to provide benefits to all those who wrestle in their respective fields both, from education practitioners, boarding schools, or researchers and readers

Keywords: Ar-Ridho, Arabic, direct method, teaching
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI MI TARBIYATUL FALAH CITEUREUP-BOGOR
Authors: Aeni Nurul , Syarif Ahmad , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning method on science learning outcomes. The research method used was experimental and the data used were quantitative data. The subjects of this study were students of class VI MI Tarbiyatul Falah Citeureup Bogor. With a total of 30 students consisting of 18 boys and 12 girls. The results of the study were obtained using the Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model. The results of data analysis techniques using the t test formula on the pretest and posttest data. The results showed tcount = 17, 69 t table 2.04, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of cooperative learning model on science learning outcomes.
Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) abundance estimate from the 2019 ice-based survey
Authors: Givens Geof , George J. Craig , Suydam Robert , Tudor Barbara
Published: October 2021

An ice-based visual survey of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) was conducted in spring 2019 near UtqiaÄ¡vik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. A Horvitz-Thompson-type estimator is used to estimate population abundance from the resulting data, correcting for detection probabilities, whale availability within visual range, and whale passage during periods of missed effort. Analytical methods mirror those used by Givens et al. (2016) for the 2011 survey as much as possible; however, unlike 2011, no simultaneous acoustic monitoring was conducted in 2019, so the availability correction factor had to be estimated from past years. The estimated abundance was 12,505 with 95% confidence interval of (7,994, 19,560) and a CV of 0.228. This estimated abundance is markedly lower than the 2011 estimate of 16,820, but the 2019 confidence interval wholly encompasses the 2011 interval. We do not interpret this finding as evidence of a decline for many reasons including: highly unusual ice conditions, an unusual migration route that was sometimes too distant from observers to detect whales, failure to conduct watch because of closed leads during the early weeks of the migration when numerous whales likely passed, an unusually short perch, and huntersâ€™ heavy use of powered skiffs near the observation perch which likely disturbed the whales during the survey. Furthermore, bowhead health assessment information for 2019 suggests that harvested bowheads did not exhibit obvious reductions in health condition, and aerial surveys in summer 2019 indicated high calf production (Stimmelmayr et al. 2020). Despite the challenges of the 2019 survey, the estimate is adequate for use with the International Whaling Commissionâ€™s management procedure and complies with the survey requirements of the Aboriginal Whaling Scheme.
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN PORTAL BERITA DALAM KALANGAN REMAJA DI SABAH
Authors: Aisah Meri  , Lee Kuok Tiung
Published: October 2021

Penggunaan portal berita dalam kalangan remaja di Sabah merupakan sesuatu yang menarik untuk dikaji khususnya melihat pola penggunaan portal berita yang semakin berkembang. Kajian ini mempersembahkan pola kegunaan dan kepuasan portal berita dengan menggunakan survei ke atas 367 remaja yang terdiri dari etnik Kadazandusun, Bajau, Murut, Melayu dan Cina berpandukan teori kegunaan dan kepuasan (U&G). Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati keperluan utama yang mendorong remaja Sabah mengakses portal berita ialah keperluan kognitif, penyepaduan sosial dan penyepaduan diri. Data juga menunjukkan remaja kerap menggunakan portal berita untuk pembelajaran, pencarian maklumat dan hiburan. Sementara itu, kepuasan yang paling tinggi diperolehi remaja ialah sifat mudah portal berita itu sendiri, kepuasan pengawasan dan kepuasan interaktiviti. Dalam fenomena kaya media hari ini portal berita sentiasa memainkan peranan penting dan diterima dengan baik dalam kalangan remaja di Sabah khususnya.

 

News portal usage among teenagers in Sabah is an intriguing subject to study as the news portal industry in Sabah itself has tremendously bloomed. This study presents finding from a survey conducted of 367 teenagers (Kadazandusun, Bajau, Murut, Melayu and Chinese) concerning their pattern of news portal usage based on uses and gratifications (U&G) theory. Findings found that cognitive, social and personal integrative needs are most important in news portal usage among Sabahan youngsters. In addition, these data found that news portal are used primarily as learning, information searching and entertainment. Meanwhile, the highest gratifications derived are convenience, surveillance and interactivity. This study conclude that in a media rich environment, the news portal has consistently played an important role and is well accepted among teenagers in Sabah.
درجة الصّوت المطلوبة في التّعبير عن الإرادة في المذهب الحنفي "عقد البيع نموذجًا"
Authors: Albakkar İbrahim
Published: October 2021

تتناول هذه الدّراسة مسألة تحديد درجة الصّوت المطلوبة في التّعبير عن الإرادة عمومًا وفي عقد البيع خصوصًا وفق المذهب الحنفي، فبدأَتْ بالكشف عن الأصل الّذي تمّ الاستناد إليه في تحديد درجة الصّوت في التّعبير عن الإرادة عمومًا، ثمّ انتقلَتْ إلى عرض نموذج من عقود المعاملات الماليّة وهو عقد البيع، فتكلَّمَت عن نشأة عن اشتراط درجة صوت معيَّنة في هذا العقد، وعن بيان موقف فقهاء الحنفيّة واتجاهاتهم في ذلك، وما مر به هذا الشّرط تاريخيًا من وضع بعض الضّوابط له. وقد خلصَت هذه الدّراسة إلى مجموعة من النّتائج أهمّها: أنَّ الأصل الّذي تم الاستناد إليه في هذه المسألة هو حدّ الجهر والمخافتة في الصَّلاة، وأنَّ نشأة الحديث عن ذلك في عقد البيع كان في القرن الرَّابع الهجري من قبل أبي نصر البلخي، وأن اشتراط درجة صوت معيّنة قد مرَّ في القرنين السّادس والسَّابع من الهجرة بذكر بعض من الضَّوابط، وهذه الضَّوابط بعضها قد تلقَّاها من خلف من العلماء بالقبول وبعضها لم يلق قبولًا.
The formation and mitigation of nitrate pollution: Comparison between urban and suburban environments
Authors: Yang Suxia , Yuan Bin , Peng Yuwen , Huang Shan , Chen Wei , Hu Weiwei , Pei Chenglei , Zhou Jun , Parrish David , Wang Wenjie , He Xianjun , Cheng Chunlei , Li Xiaobing , Yang Xiaoyun , Song Yu , Wang Haichao , Qi Jipeng , Wang Baolin , Wang Chen , Wang Chaomin , Wang Zelong , Li Tiange , Zheng E , Wang Sihang , Wu Caihong , Cai Mingfu , Ye Chenshuo , Song Wei , Cheng Peng , Chen Duohong , Wang Xinming , Zhang Zhanyi , Wang Xuemei , Zheng Junyu , Shao Min
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ambient nitrate has been of increasing concern in PM2.5, while there are still large uncertainties in quantifying the formation of nitrate aerosol. The formation pathways of nitrate aerosol at an urban site and a suburban site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are investigated using an observation-constrained box model. Throughout the campaigns, aerosol pollution episodes were constantly accompanied with the increase of nitrate concentrations and fractions at both urban and suburban sites. The simulations demonstrate that chemical reactions in the daytime and at night both contributed significantly to formation of nitrate in the boundary layer at the two sites. However, nighttime reactions predominately occurred aloft in the residual layer at the urban site and downward transport from the residual layer in the morning are important source (53 %) for surface nitrate at the urban site, whereas similar amounts of nitrate were produced in the nocturnal boundary layer and residual layer at the suburban site, which results in little downward transport of nitrate from the residual layer to the ground at the suburban site. We show that nitrate formation was in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-limited regime at the urban site, and in the transition regime at the suburban site, identical to the response of ozone at both sites. The reduction of VOCs emissions can be an efficient approach to mitigate nitrate in both urban and suburban areas through influencing hydroxyl radical (OH) and N2O5 production, which will also be beneficial for the synergistic control of regional ozone pollution. The results highlight that the relative importance of nitrate formation pathways can be site-specific, and the quantitative understanding of various pathways of nitrate formation will provide insights for developing nitrate mitigation strategies.
Estimation of the terms acting on local 1 h surface temperature variations in Paris region: the specific contribution of clouds
Authors: Rojas Muñoz Oscar Javier , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bastin Sophie , Ringard Justine
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Local short-term temperature variations at the surface
are mainly dominated by small-scale processes coupled through the surface
energy balance terms, which are well known but whose specific contribution
and importance on the hourly scale still need to be further analyzed. A
method to determine each of these terms based almost exclusively on
observations is presented in this paper, with the main objective being to estimate
their importance in hourly near-surface temperature variations at the SIRTA
observatory, near Paris. Almost all terms are estimated from the multi-year
dataset SIRTA-ReOBS, following a few parametrizations. The four main terms
acting on temperature variations are radiative forcing (separated into clear-sky and cloudy-sky radiation), atmospheric heat exchange, ground heat
exchange, and advection. Compared to direct measurements of hourly
temperature variations, it is shown that the sum of the four terms gives a
good estimate of the hourly temperature variations, allowing a better
assessment of the contribution of each term to the variation, with an
accurate diurnal and annual cycle representation, especially for the
radiative terms. A random forest analysis shows that whatever the season,
clouds are the main modulator of the clear-sky radiation for 1 h
temperature variations during the day and mainly drive these 1 h
temperature variations during the night. Then, the specific role of clouds
is analyzed exclusively in cloudy conditions considering the behavior of
some classical meteorological variables along with lidar profiles. Cloud
radiative effect in shortwave and longwave and lidar profiles show a
consistent seasonality during the daytime, with a dominance of mid- and
high-level clouds detected at the SIRTA observatory, which also affects
near-surface temperatures and upward sensible heat flux. During the
nighttime, despite cloudy conditions and having a strong cloud longwave
radiative effect, temperatures are the lowest and are therefore mostly
controlled by larger-scale processes at this time.
UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) – a versatile instrument for trace gas measurements on airborne platforms
Authors: Hintsa Eric J. , Moore Fred L. , Hurst Dale F. , Dutton Geoff S. , Hall Bradley D. , Nance J. David , Miller Ben R. , Montzka Stephen A. , Wolton Laura P. , McClure-Begley Audra , Elkins James W. , Hall Emrys G. , Jordan Allen F. , Rollins Andrew W. , Thornberry Troy D. , Watts Laurel A. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Peischl Jeff , Bourgeois Ilann , Ryerson Thomas B. , Daube Bruce C. , Gonzalez Ramos Yenny , Commane Roisin , Santoni Gregory W. , Pittman Jasna V. , Wofsy Steven C. , Kort Eric , Diskin Glenn S. , Bui T. Paul
Published: October 2021

Abstract. UCATS (the UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species) was
designed and built for observations of important atmospheric trace gases
from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere (UTLS). Initially it measured major chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
and the stratospheric transport tracers nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6), using gas chromatography with electron capture
detection. Compact commercial absorption spectrometers for ozone (O3)
and water vapor (H2O) were added to enhance its capabilities on
platforms with relatively small payloads. UCATS has since been reconfigured
to measure methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and molecular hydrogen
(H2) instead of CFCs and has undergone numerous upgrades to its
subsystems. It has served as part of large payloads on stratospheric UAS
missions to probe the tropical tropopause region and transport of air into
the stratosphere; in piloted aircraft studies of greenhouse gases,
transport, and chemistry in the troposphere; and in 2021 is scheduled to
return to the study of stratospheric ozone and halogen compounds, one of its
original goals. Each deployment brought different challenges, which were
largely met or resolved. The design, capabilities, modifications, and some
results from UCATS are shown and described here, including changes for
future missions.
Data-constrained assessment of ocean circulation changes since the middle Miocene in an Earth system model
Authors: Crichton Katherine A. , Ridgwell Andy , Lunt Daniel J. , Farnsworth Alex , Pearson Paul N.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Since the middle Miocene (15 Ma, million years ago), the Earth's climate has undergone a long-term cooling trend, characterised by a reduction in ocean temperatures of up to 7–8 ∘C. The causes of this cooling are primarily thought to be due to tectonic plate movements driving changes in large-scale ocean circulation patterns, and hence heat redistribution, in conjunction with a drop in atmospheric greenhouse gas forcing (and attendant ice-sheet growth and feedback). In this study, we assess the potential to constrain the evolving patterns of global ocean circulation and cooling over the last 15 Ma by assimilating a variety of marine sediment proxy data in an Earth system model. We do this by first compiling surface and benthic ocean temperature and benthic carbon-13 (δ13C) data in a series of seven time slices spaced at approximately 2.5 Myr intervals. We then pair this with a corresponding series of tectonic and climate boundary condition reconstructions in the cGENIE (“muffin” release) Earth system model, including alternative possibilities for an open vs. closed Central American Seaway (CAS) from 10 Ma onwards. In the cGENIE model, we explore uncertainty in greenhouse gas forcing and the magnitude of North Pacific to North Atlantic salinity flux adjustment required in the model to create an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of a specific strength, via a series of 12 (one for each tectonic reconstruction) 2D parameter ensembles. Each ensemble member is then tested against the observed global temperature and benthic δ13C patterns. We identify that a relatively high CO2 equivalent forcing of 1120 ppm is required at 15 Ma in cGENIE to reproduce proxy temperature estimates in the model, noting that this CO2 forcing is dependent on the cGENIE model's climate sensitivity and that it incorporates the effects of all greenhouse gases. We find that reproducing the observed long-term cooling trend requires a progressively declining greenhouse gas forcing in the model. In parallel to this, the strength of the AMOC increases with time despite a reduction in the salinity of the surface North Atlantic over the cooling period, attributable to falling intensity of the hydrological cycle and to lowering polar temperatures, both caused by CO2-driven global cooling. We also find that a closed CAS from 10 Ma to present shows better agreement between benthic δ13C patterns and our particular series of model configurations and data. A final outcome of our analysis is a pronounced ca. 1.5 ‰ decline occurring in atmospheric (and ca. 1 ‰ ocean surface) δ13C that could be used to inform future δ13C-based proxy reconstructions.
An experimental study of drainage network development by surface and subsurface flow in low-gradient landscapes
Authors: Sockness Brian G. , Gran Karen B.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. How do channel networks develop in low-gradient, poorly-drained landscapes? Rivers form elaborate drainage networks with morphologies that express the unique environments in which they developed, yet we lack an understanding of what drives channel development in low-gradient landscapes like those left behind in the wake of continental glaciation. To better understand what controls the erosional processes allowing channel growth and integration of non-contributing areas (NCA) over time, we conducted a series of experiments in a small-scale drainage basin. By varying substrate and precipitation, we could vary the partitioning of flow between the surface and subsurface, impacting erosional processes. Channels developed by overland flow and seepage erosion to varying extents depending on substrate composition, rainfall rate, and drainage basin relief. Seepage-driven erosion was favored in substrates with higher infiltration rates, while overland flow was more dominant in experiments with high precipitation rates. Overland flow channels formed at the onset of experiments and expanded over a majority of the basin area, forming broad dendritic networks. Large surface water contributing areas supported numerous first-order channels, allowing for more rapid integration of NCA than through seepage erosion. When overland flow was the dominant process, channels integrated NCA at a similar, consistent rate under all experimental conditions. Seepage erosion began later in experiments after channels had incised enough for exfiltrating subsurface flow to initiate mass wasting of headwalls. Periodic mass wasting of channel heads caused them to assume an amphitheater-shaped morphology. Seepage allowed for channel heads to expand with smaller surface water contributing areas than overland flow channels, allowing for network expansion to continue even with low CA. Seepage-driven channel heads integrated NCA more slowly than channel heads dominated by overland flow, but average erosion rates in channels extending through seepage erosion were higher. The experimental results provide insight into drainage networks that formed in glacial sediment throughout areas affected by continental glaciation, and highlight the importance of subsurface hydrologic connections in integrating and expanding drainage networks over time in these landscapes.
Improve Ocean Modelling Software NEMO 4.0 benchmarking and communication efficiency
Authors: Irrmann Gaston , Masson Sébastien , Maisonnave Éric , Guibert David , Raffin Erwan
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Communications in distributed memory supercomputers are still limiting scalability of geophysical models. Consid-ering the recent trends of the semiconductor industry, we think this problem is here to stay. We present the optimisations thathave been implemented in the actual 4.0 reference version of the ocean model NEMO 4.0 to improve its scalability. Thanksto the collaboration of oceanographers and HPC experts, we identified and removed the unnecessary communications in twobottleneck routines, the computation of free surface pressure gradient and the forcing in the straights or unstructured open5boundaries. Since a wrong parallel decomposition choice could undermine computing performance, we impose its automaticdefinition in all cases, including when subdomains containing land points only are excluded from the decomposition. For asmaller audience of developers and vendors, we propose a new benchmark configuration, easy to use while offering the fullcomplexity of operational versions.
Distribution of suspended particulate matter at the equatorial transect in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sivkov Vadim , Bubnova Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A suspended particulate matter distribution against a hydrographical
background was studied at the oceanographic transect across the equatorial
Atlantic in the year 2000. An area of abnormally high suspended matter volume
concentrations was found above the Sierra Leone Rise in the entire water
column (eastern part of the transect). The suggested explanation for the
anomaly is based on the ballast hypothesis whereby solid particles are
incorporated as ballast into suspended biogenic aggregates, leading to
increased velocities of sinking. This occurs within the Northwest African
upwelling area, where the plankton exposed to the Saharan dust abundance form
a significant number of aggregates, which are later transported equatorward
via the Canary Current. An intermediate nepheloid layer associated with the Deep
Western Boundary Current was recorded from the South American Slope at depths
of 3200–3700 to 4300 m above the Para Abyssal Plain. Antarctic Bottom
Water enriched in suspended matter was found mostly in the troughs at
40–41∘ W. It was detached from the bottom, coinciding with the core
of the flow due to the bottom rise “dam” located up-stream. The grain size
of particles along the entire transect has a polymodal distribution with 2–4
and 8–13 µm modes. The registered rise in percentage in some parts of the transect of the 7–21 µm sized particles suggests the
presence of the well-known coarse mode (20–60 µm) formed by
aggregation of transparent exopolymer particles (mucus).
Converting the Words of God: An experimental evaluation of stylistic choices in the new Dutch Bible translation
Authors: Renkema Jan , Van Wijk Carel
Published: October 2021

In an experiment stylistic choices in the new Dutch Bible translation were evaluated. 185 participants evaluated 4 fragments which differed in type of variation (lexical or syntactic), source of the fragment (Bible - classical text) and the way the variations were applied (single - mixed). Also the religious¬ness of the evaluator was taken into account. Examined is whether lexical modernization and syntactic simplification are evaluated the same, whether single variations show a better insight into the evaluations and if the evaluation is influenced by the source of the text or the religiousness of the evaluator. The results showed that there is a difference in evaluation between syntactic and lexical variation, that single variation gives better insight into the evaluations and that source of the text and religiousness do not influence the evaluations. This study demonstrates that translators must involve readers at an early stage in their discussions on a required or appropriate register.
Beyond translation into chaos: exploring language movement in the French Caribbean
Authors: Cunningham Catriona
Published: October 2021

As Edwin Gentzler’s latest book (2001) reveals, translation studies (as opposed to translating) is an area that is becoming increasingly relevant to both cultural and literary studies. Developing this point further, Sherry Simon states that, “Increasingly, translation and writing have become a particularly strong form of writing at a time when national cultures have themselves become diverse, inhabited by plurality”(Simon 1999: 72). Or indeed how “Symbolically, translation comes to be the very representation of the play of equivalence and difference in cultural interchange: translation permits communication without eliminating the grounds of specificity” (Simon 1992: 159). Therefore, particularly in postcolonial contexts, where the balance of power hinges on questions of language possession and linguistic insecurities, translation allows this power to be repositioned: it can establish a form of plurality by refusing to allow one language to dominate another. In recent works exploring the complex relationship between postcolonial environments and translation,1 these issues are examined in a worldwide context – writings from Quebec, North Africa, India constitute but a few examples. Yet, Simon also draws our attention to processes of translation that allow each language to maintain its own specific identity. In the French Caribbean, this becomes highly problematic because of the tensions between French – the official language – and Creole – the native spoken language.2 This article will explore the difficulties involved in establishing and maintaining this language specificity and will look at how, and if, French and Creole can ‘translate ’French Caribbean culture.
Neue Wege der Beschreibung von Rechtstermini: der semasiologisch-onomasiologische Ansatz der Begriffsbestimmung und seine Bedeutung für den Rechtsübersetzer
Authors: Wiesmann Eva
Published: October 2021

Within the framework of modern terminological findings, a new approach for the description of legal terms is presented which attempts to overcome the limitations posed by the traditional conceptual understanding of Wüster’s theory of terminology. The central question deals with the role of definition, which is of importance in the delimitation of legal terms, but more so and particularly in the formation of legal concepts. Viewed from the perspective of a modern conceptual understanding, legal concepts are the result, not the object of definition. Often, however , they may be formed through definitions only in the core area, but not in the marginal area important for the differentiation of legal concepts, and this means that further debate on the objects of law is required. By defining legal terms, and not legal concepts, a basic precondition is created for taking into consideration not only the subject specialist but also the linguistic context, and thus for fully taking into account the needs of the legal translator.
Evaluating RBMT output for -ing forms: A study of four tar-get languages
Authors: Aranberri-Monasterio Nora , O‘Brien Sharon
Published: October 2021

-ing forms in English are reported to be problematic for Machine Transla-tion and are often the focus of rules in Controlled Language rule sets. We investigated how problematic -ing forms are for an RBMT system, translat-ing into four target languages in the IT domain. Constituent-based human evaluation was used and the results showed that, in general, -ing forms do not deserve their bad reputation. A comparison with the results of five automated MT evaluation metrics showed promising correlations. Some issues prevail, however, and can vary from target language to target lan-guage. We propose different strategies for dealing with these problems, such as Controlled Language rules, semi-automatic post-editing, source text tagging and “post-editing” the source text.
«Interferencias metafísicas»: Leibniz, Spinoza y Tschirnhaus sobre el principio de plenitud
Authors: Montosa Pablo
Published: October 2021

Durante su intercambio epistolar con Spinoza, Tschirnhaus defiende la imposibilidad de deducir la naturaleza de los cuerpos particulares a partir de la sola extensión. El motivo de esta objeción reside en su dificultad para desmarcarse de la concepción sustancial de los cuerpos como partes finitas de la extensión sostenida por Descartes. Esta dificultad inicial, sin embargo, queda ensombrecida por la intervención de Leibniz en un momento clave de la correspondencia que convertirá la disputa de carácter físico en una controversia teológica. Este artículo demuestra que el problema metafísico detectado por Leibniz consiste en la afirmación radical del principio de plenitud contenida en la proposición 16 de la primera parte de la Ética y las consecuencias heréticas que de ésta se desprenden. El examen del papel que la crítica de Leibniz jugó en el desarrollo de la discusión permitirá leer bajo una nueva luz tanto la paradójica actitud de Tschirnhaus como las enigmáticas y elusivas respuestas de Spinoza.
Development of an Adjustable Prosthetic Ankle-Foot Adapter: A Prototype
Authors: Swain Parthasarathi , Patra Pradipta , Mohanty Sonali
Published: October 2021

Prosthetic ankle-foot systems cannot adapt automatically to changes in shoe heel height. These systems can be altered using changes in alignment to properly orient the roll-over shape of the ankle-foot-shoe system. However, these changes require manual adjustments and, with most systems, require tools to make the adjustments. The use of heel-height-adjustable prosthetic ankle-foot systems may be advised for persons who would prefer to use shoes of different heel heights and who understand the necessary alignment changes needed for switching between these shoes. Further work is needed to examine the consequence of using shoes of different heel heights without changing the alignment of the prosthesis to accommodate these heel heights. The inability of prosthetic ankle-foot systems to adapt is perhaps since these systems have set points that cannot be altered without changes in alignment. Future designs of ankle-foot prostheses could make attempts at systems that can adapt automatically to changes in shoe heel height. This feature could allow persons using prostheses the ability to walk using a variety of shoes (and to walk without shoes) comfortably and without needing manual adjustments of their prostheses. The use of similarly oriented roll-over shapes would presumably yield similar loading moments to the residual limb socket, which may be perceived as a similar comfort level by the prosthesis user. The ability to automatically adjust for different heel heights may also lead to automatic adaptability for walking on different ramped surfaces.

Key words: Prosthesis, Component development, heel height, Ankle foot adapter, Adjustable.
Effects of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds (Azpro) on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes - A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Desai Dr. Piyush , Prajapati Divyanshu
Published: October 2021

Background: India is the diabetes capital of the world. Despite several pharmacological options, almost 70% of patients present with poor HbA1c control. Lifestyle modifications are one of the most important interventions for such chronic metabolic disorders. Therefore, adding Lifestyle Modifier, a dietary approach collectively utilizing efficacious nutrients (natural source of very high dietary fiber, omega-3, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) while maximizing adherence is the key to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methodology: Patients were enrolled by adding Salvia hispanica L. Seeds (Azpro) along with standard medications to evaluate outcomes on risk factors in patients of T2DM. The objective was to determine the role of Salvia hispanica L. (Azpro), as an adjunct to conventional treatment in the reduction of major and emerging cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on fifty patient’s data available at Advanced Diabetes Centre, Surat, India. Salvia hispanica L. (Azpro) seeds were given 10 g twice a day for 3 months as an adjunct to the standard diabetes management therapy. HbA1c, body fat, visceral fat, BMI, and weight loss were calculated at three months.
Results: Consumption of Salvia hispanica L. (Azpro) seeds for three months in addition to the standard treatment led to a total 1.13 kg weight loss (p=0.0008), and HbA1c reduction by 0.58% (p=0.016).
Conclusion: This result affirms the role of Salvia hispanica L. seeds in the dietary management of diabetic patients with significant (P =0.0008) weight loss & overall metabolic management.

Keywords: Salvia hispanica L. (Azpro) seeds, Chia seeds, diabetes, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, HbA1c, BMI, total fat, visceral fat, cardiovascular risk, dietary fiber, omega 3 fatty acids
SIMULATION OF PANDEMIC DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES
Authors: Baran V.I. , Baran E.P.
Published: October 2021

The study is devoted to the development of mathematical models for predicting the incidence of COVID-19 using simulation tools. Methods of modeling the spread of infectious diseases have been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. In the classical SIR model, the entire population was divided into three parts: «susceptible – infected – recovered». In the 1980s, the intermediate state – «infected, but not yet infectious» was added to the classical model. This model is called SEIR. The spread of the epidemic in both models is described by a system of differential equations, which is solved using numerical methods.

Significantly new simulation modelling approaches are necessary to forecast evolution of the coronavirus pandemic. This study based on the classical SEIR model («susceptible – infected but not yet infectious – infected – recovered») suggests several methods for developing models: with a long plateau, with two or more waves. The modern tool used for the simulation is Anylogic 8.
Análise epidemiológica do câncer de mama no Brasil: 2015 a 2020
Authors: Matos Samara Elisy Miranda , Rabelo Maura Regina Guimarães , Peixoto Marisa Costa e
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O câncer de mama representa a neoplasia mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasile no mundo, excetuando-se apenas o câncer de pele não melanoma. De acordo com dados do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, essa neoplasia é responsável por 28% dos novos casos anuais da doença. Estima-se ainda que, no Brasil, uma em cada 12 mulheres desenvolva essa patologia ao longo da vida. Entre os fatores de risco, destacam-se os biológicos, endócrinos, comportamentais/ambientais e a vida reprodutiva. Objetivo: Investigar o perfil clínico-epidemiológicodos pacientes diagnosticados com neoplasia maligna de mama entre 2015 e 2020. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, que teve como base os dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS, sobre os casos detectados de câncer de mama no período de 2015 a 2020. Resultados e conclusão: No período analisado, foram diagnosticados 199.862 novos casos de câncer de mama. Os indivíduos com idade entre 50 e 59 anos apresentaram maiores taxas de incidência dessa neoplasia, com o percentual médio de 27% dos casos. A segunda faixa etária com maior destaque foi a de indivíduos entre 60 e 69 anos, responsáveis por 23,1% de todos os casos. A maioria das neoplasias foi diagnosticada em indivíduos do sexo feminino (98,7%) e 1,3% em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Observou-se ainda que a maior parte dos diagnósticos ocorreu no estágio T2 da escala TNM (20,0%), seguido do estágio T3 (19,2%). Ao analisar o estadiamento de acordo com a faixa etária, observa-se uma relação inversamente proporcional entre essas variáveis. Percebeu-se que, entre os indivíduos com idade entre 0 e 19 anos, a maioria dos diagnósticos ocorreu na fase T4. Já na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos houve a predominância de diagnósticos no estágio T3. Nos indivíduos com idade superior a 50 anos, a maioria dos diagnósticos deu-se no estágio T2. O presente estudo evidenciou uma elevada incidência de câncer de mama no período analisado. A comparação entre a faixa etária dos indivíduos e o estadiamento no momento do diagnóstico salientou a importância da mamografia como estratégia para a detecção precoce desse tipo de câncer, visto que o rastreamento por esse método se relacionou à detecção mais precoce dessa neoplasia. No entanto, a maioria dos diagnósticos foram detectados nas fases T2 e T3, o que mostra a necessidade de aprimoramento das técnicas de detecção precoce. Apesar de as técnicas de rastreio não serem capazes de reduzir a incidência, elas são capazes de aumentar a chance de cura e reduzir a mortalidade, pois permitem o diagnóstico em fases mais iniciais. Dessa forma, conhecer o perfil epidemiológico nacional é fundamental para que se possa traçar e aprimorar estratégias com o intuito de promover uma política de rastreamento e tratamento mais efetiva e a redução da mortalidade.
Escrita acadêmica: o artigo cientíco e sua organização passo a passo
Authors: Hartmann Cassio , Lopes Gabriel César Dias , Vieira Fábio da Silva Ferreira , Samuel Bensson V
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo, tem como objetivo mostrar o passo a passo para elaboração de projetos de pesquisa, tipos de pesquisa e relatórios de pesquisa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa aquela que identifica fatores relevantes de um objeto de maneira a analisar o teor de documentos ou realidades, nesse sentido foi possível fazer um levantamento e expor nessas laudas as diversas maneiras de pesquisa partindo da premissa do senso comum e concluindo que o pesquisador precisa conhecer e seguir um caminho metodológico, uma linha de raciocínio lógico e o caminho que se pretende percorrer para alcançar os referidos objetivos. Notando, ao final do processo a importância de ressaltar claramente os materiais, métodos e técnicas empregados no decorrer da elaboração de projetos e relatórios científicos.
Do trânsito, da violência e da lei: reflexões sobre o comportamento humano
Authors: Lopes Gabriel César Dias
Published: October 2021

Este artigo discute em uma pesquisa bibliográfica dentro de uma perspectiva da psicologia e direito ambiental  os aspectos comportamentais do motorista no trânsito, privilegiando a demanda crescente da população condutora e os aspectos de status e poder conferidos pela posse de um veículo em todo o mundo e especificamente no Brasil, onde as demandas do capitalismo fazem oscilar o status quo do indivíduo, fazendo com que o veículo móvel, motocicleta e automóvel realmente passem a representar uma extensão da ideia de poder e riqueza e fazendo do país um dos campeões mundiais em incidentes e mortalidades oriundas dos acidentes em trânsito. Reflete-se aqui, portanto a influência e extensão da máquina sobre a personalidade humana, e o desdobramento desse fato em aspectos de convivência social e legal.
Espiritualidade e psiquiatria: atenção à saúde mental na dimensão psicossocial e espiritual
Authors: Da Silveira Francis Moreira
Published: October 2021

A dimensão psicossocial e espiritual tem sido bastante debatida e valorizada em época contemporânea. A espiritualidade como coadjuvante na busca pela saúde mental, revelando-se importante estudar sobre o assunto que repercute diretamente sobre a atenção à saúde mental. O artigo objetiva discorrer sobre a relação espiritualidade e saúde mental, buscando ainda demonstrar como pode se dar a atenção à saúde mental considerando-se a dimensão espiritual e psicossocial. Possui por objetivo geral estudar a atenção à saúde mental na dimensão psicossocial, em especial com relação a espiritualidade. Possui ainda por objetivos específicos analisar a saúde mental no Brasil; discorrer sobre a atenção em saúde mental no contexto brasileiro; estudar como ocorrer a atenção à saúde mental no Brasil com relação a espiritualidade; discorrer sobre como a espiritualidade pode auxiliar na atenção à saúde mental, e por fim trazer soluções para que a espiritualidade seja valorizada na dimensão biopsicossocial e da psiquiatria. Para isso a metodologia adotada foi a bibliográfica, através da pesquisa qualitativa que se adequa aos fins propostos no presente artigo. Conclui-se que a espiritualidade é fator preponderante para a saúde mental somado a dimensão psicossocial no âmbito dos tratamentos psiquiátricos.
Preparation of Nano Titanium Dioxide Using the Sol-Gel Method to Use in Friendly Environment Coatings
Authors: Saleh Abeer Abd , Abbas Quraish , Ibraheim Seenaa , Muhammed Ibrahim , Hameed Mayes Sameer , Lafta Rukiya Abd Alsahb , Dawood Sarah Gameel , Mazan Ban
Published: October 2021

In this research, preparation of titanium dioxide nanomaterial (TiO2) using sol-gel method was achieved. 2.5 g weight of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to the local paint using the casting method. Thin films were prepared by drop casting the paint onto the surface of pre-prepared samples, then several tests were carried out including adhesion test, hardness test (Shore B), brightness and whiteness, friction test, contact angle, and antibacterial activity. The nanomaterial at a percentage of 12% showed the best results when it was added to the paint. These results include adhesion strength, hardness strength, and exposing to weather conditions of temperature, and humidity. The adhesive strength increased when adding the nanomaterial from 112 to 139 before exposure to the weather and from 58 to 108 after exposure. The hardness also increased from 77.9 to 86.5 before exposure to the surrounding environment and from 94.2 to 96.8 after exposure. In addition, the paint with TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against two types of bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), staphylococcus aurous (S. aurous) and antifungal candida. Paint with TiO2 nanoparticles is more efficient as antibacterial agents with E. coli as compared with S. aurous and candida.
Preparation of Sensitivity Test Antibiotic Discs Using Some Nanomaterials to Detect Resistance of Pseudomonas Aergenosa to Some Antibiotics
Authors: Ghaneim Zainab J. , Ismzil May M. , Khalaf Ilham , Mustafa Juan F. , Mahmood Shatha A. , Abdulaa Alya M.
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to synthesize bentonite nanoparticles and load them on different antibiotics to increase the effectiveness of the antibiotics or treat the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to some types of antibiotics in the laboratory. The biosynthesized bentonite nanoparticles were characterized by spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. Their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by the (muller-hinton) method of diffusion in plates compared with antibiotics using different concentrations of each ranging from 12.5-200 µg/ml. The results of this study showed that it is possible to synthesize bentonite nanoparticles in an easy and environmentally friendly manner, and the maximum absorption spectra of these nanoparticles were at 420 and 430 nm using a spectrophotometer. The scanning electron microscope analysis also showed that the average diameter of these particles was 26 nanometers, in addition to their high activity against bacteria.
ATENDIMENTO A MULHERES SURDAS VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA: ANÁLISE DE LIMITAÇÕES VIVENCIADAS POR ENFERMEIROS
Authors: Melo Estefani Alves , Vieira Claudenisa Mara de Araújo , Siebra Isabela Rocha , Oliveira Isadora Gonçalves de , Silva Letícia Gomes da , Soares Luciano Gualberto , Freitas Mariana Andrade de , Vieira Marina Barros Wenes , Ferreira Thamires dos Santos , Alcantara Patrícia Pereira Tavares de
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Identificar as limitações de comunicação no atendimento das mulheres surdas vítimas de violência. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Iguatu/CE, realizado no período de setembro a dezembro de 2020. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Diante dos achados percebeu-se que não é algo comum a realização de ações voltadas a esse público. Infelizmente, os profissionais não estão preparados para atender a comunidade surda devido à falta de conhecimento sobre LIBRAS. Essa fragilidade favoreça reprodução de violências significativas em seus atendimentos. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Observou-se que o conhecimento dos enfermeiros no atendimento das mulheres surdas que vivenciam casos de violência é muito importante. A falta de oferta de capacitação no próprio serviço de saúde para esses profissionais é algo que define que tipo de assistência irá ser prestada a esse público. Ressalta-se que o tema proposto apresenta poucos estudos na área, configurando como um fenômeno social complexo que necessita cada vez mais ser trabalhado.