bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological Linkages Between Snails and Litters In Mount Gandang Dewata, West Sulawesi
Authors: Heryanto  , Kintamani Endang
Published: October 2021

Mount Gandang Dewata in West Sulawesi was recently granted National Park status. Exploration of land snails in Taman Nasional Gandang Dewata (TNGD) has never been carried out. Therefore, a study of land snails in the National Park was conducted in April 2016 to examine the composition of land snails in different habitats, namely primary and secondary forests. Overall, 43 specimens (21 species from 8 families) were found from eight study sites. Snails are not found in steep areas, on moderate slopes 1-10 snails are found, and in flat areas 8-13 snails are found. The analysis was carried out by the principal components (PCA). According to the PCA, three groups of snails were formed. Environmental factors such as litter, altitude, humidity, calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and sodium (Na) are discussed in relation to snails. In this paper, litter factors are discussed in greater depth than other environmental factors. Snails and litter interact in an ecological relationship in the forest ecosystem of Mount Gandang Dewata.
Effect of health education on awareness and practices of breast self-examination among females attending a charitable hospital at North Karachi
Authors: Zohra Jabeen  , Nighat Shah  , Zaeema Ahmer  , Sulhera Khan  , Amir Hussain Khan  , Marium Khan
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of health education as an intervention to promote BSE among intervention and non-intervention group presenting in a low resource setting at North Karachi
Methodology: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted from January-August 2018 in a charitable hospital in Karachi after taking ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University and relevant approvals from the hospital authorities. This study recruited 172 eligible women by dividing them into intervention (n=86) and control (n=86) groups from a low resource setting in Karachi. Demographic variables were collected through pretested questionnaire by interview. Intervention group then received health education regarding carcinoma of breast, importance of BSE and monthly motivation to perform BSE through cell phone. The questionnaire was again filled after 6 months of intervention. Control group was also given health education sessions upon completion of study.
Results: Results revealed that both groups were similar initially. After 6 months females in intervention group showed significant (p=<0.001) improvement in knowledge and performance of BSE from 44.2% to 88.4% but there was no change in control group. Being in intervention group (RR=2.714, 95% CI= 1.760 - 4.186, p=0.001) and education (RR=0.573, 95% CI= 0.361 - 0.910, p=0.018) showed positive association with BSE performance. Upon adjusting with age, marital status, family history and education, intervention group (RR=2.570, 95% CI= 1.654 - 3.992, p= 0.001) remained significant while education (RR=1.466, 95% CI =0.910 - 2.363, p=0.116) became insignificant.
Continuous...
Implementasi Nilai Dakwah dan Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Motif Batik IRD Walisongo
Authors: Rusmana Indriya
Published: October 2021

The art of batik wastra (cloth) has traveled a very long journey in part of the Indonesian cultural fabric, to modern designs or patterns that adorn clothing. Apart from being exclusive, batik is never really the same as the others, and in each of its many stories and philosophical values. Batik is a cultural achievement, world cultural heritage and Indonesia. As a characteristic of the people's economic wealth, batik is also constantly being preserved and developed. However, batik is one of the cultural heritages of the Indonesian nation's ancestors. Walisongo or Walisanga was known as the spreader of Islam in Java around the 17th century.These Guardians lived in three important areas of the north coast of Java Island, namely Surabaya-Gresik-Lamongan in East Java, Demak-Kudus-Muria in Central Java, and Cirebon in West Java. Not only were they known as propagators of Islam, Walisongo were intellectuals who became community reformers at their time. At that time, Walisongo introduced various forms of new civilizations, ranging from farming, commerce, health, culture, arts, society to government. For example, the Ampel Denta and Giri Islamic boarding schools were the two most important educational institutions at that time, starting from Giri, Islamic civilization developed throughout the eastern region of the archipelago.  Batik IRD Walisongo has a "batik motif containing da'wah, education, and Islamic business value", which is actually a reconstruction of Walisongo's teachings which are translated into batik motifs. Where in the motive contains philosophy. First, the afflicative transformation of Walisongo's teachings through its batik motives, second, education is characterized by the values ​​of Walisongo's teachings, third, the implementation of local wisdom that comes from the teachings of the ulama through developing an attitude of respect, responsibility and self-confidence in the community, so that a sense of belonging to the product results arises. local namely batik. It can also be said that batik as a work of art is associated with religious teachings that reach humans through revelations from Allah SWT. The existence of batik as an ancestral cultural heritage should be preserved, as a work of art that carries da'wah, as well as having Islamic economic value.
Implementasi Method Buzz Group Dalam Hasil Belajar Luring Akidah Akhlak di Kelas VIII MTs Miftahul Jannah Tanjung Pura
Authors: Wiguna Satria , Hidayat Muhammad Arif , Winda Sari Desi
Published: October 2021

The background of the problem of this research is the lack of student learning outcomes, it is proven that many students of class VIII MTS Miftahul Jannah whose scores are below the KKM. The objectives of this research are: To find out the learning outcomes on the subjects of aqidah morality in class VIII MTS Miftahul Jannah before and after using the buzz group learning method, and To find out whether the buzz group learning method can improve student learning outcomes. The type of research chosen is classroom action research (CAR), so this research uses the first cycle model to the next cycle. The results of this study showed that the learning outcomes of class VIII MTS Miftahul Jannah students increased after learning Akidah Akhlak was carried out using the buzz group learning method. This is indicated by the increase in student learning outcomes, namely from 34 students in the first cycle of students who had a complete score of only 26 students or 76.74% and in the second cycle, students who completed 100%.
Taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica en adolescente: un diagnóstico clínico, electrocardiográfico y genético
Authors: Rocha-Arrieta María Concepción , Arias-Díaz Antonio , Quiróz-Romero Carlos Alberto , Rocha-Arrieta Yermis
Published: October 2021

La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una de las canalopatías más letales. Los síntomas de la enfermedad aparecen en la niñez o la adolescencia, los cuales están caracterizados por arritmias ventriculares desencadenadas por estrés o actividad física. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente que consultó por síncopes recurrentes precipitados por el ejercicio. En el abordaje diagnóstico se determinó como taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica, con mutación en el gen del receptor de la rianodina cardíaco, heterocigoto c.14311G>A(p.v4771I exón 100), para el manejo fue necesario antiarrítmicos y el implante de un cardiodesfibrilador, con evolución satisfactoria. La sospecha clínica, la prueba de esfuerzo y las pruebas genéticas son fundamentales para un diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de esta patología.
Influence of Te layer on CdTe thin films and their performance on CdS/CdTe solar cells
Authors: Hernandez-Vasquez Cesar , Gonzalez-Trujillo Miguel Ángel , Esquivel Méndez Lucero Alejandra , Aguilar-Hernandez Jorge Ricardo , Albor-Aguilera Maria de Lourdes
Published: October 2021

CdTe semiconductor is an absorbent material used in “tandem” photovoltaic solar cells. This material is commonly deposited by thermal evaporation presenting electrical resistivity values about of 105 W·cm to 109 W·cm. CdTe is applied in thin solar cells as p-type layer which is in contact with metal back electrode in solar cells. In the CdTe/metal junction a Schottky barrier exits; and small number of charge carriers have enough energy to get over the barrier and cross to the metal back contact. To solve part of this problem, nanostructured Te thin films were used as intermediate layers between CdTe and metal contact. Te layers whit different physical properties were deposited on CdS/CdTe structure by thermal evaporation employing different growth parameters. The electrical parameters of CdTe solar cells were influenced by p+ Te regions. p+ Te regions used as intermediate layer with large deposition time increases the FF and VOC values from 30% to 60% and 560 mV to 730 mV respectively. Also, the electrical resistivity is reduced from 106 W·cm to 103 W·cm. In this sense, Te region implemented as nanostructure allows to reduce the series resistance from 99 W to 20 W and increases the shunt resistance from 1445 W to 4424 W;  Te region as thin films demonstrated not be adequate.
ESPONDILITE ANQUILOSANTE, DISTÚRBIOS SISTÊMICOS E OCULARES
Authors: Sonoda Rodrigo Trentin , Silva Francisca Kelly da , Magalhães Martins Coicev Leticia
Published: October 2021

A Espondilite Anquilosante é um distúrbio auto imune associado à hipergamaglobulinemia e herança genética. Acomete, de forma agressiva, a saúde sistêmica em geral, com inflamações agudas de cartilagens e tecidos epiteliais. Altera a qualidade de vida do portador, conduzindo ao consumo de fármacos de amplo espectro de ação, drogas de mediadores específicos e tratamentos paliativos, sendo estes responsáveis por alterações do sistema visual. Através de revisão bibliográfica com critério de inclusão de artigos publicados na Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Bireme e Revistas de Reumatologia, busca-se esclarecer aos profissionais da visão sobre a ampla gama de sinais, sintomas e anomalias oculares causadas por esta patologia e as possíveis terapêuticas
CONHECIMENTO SOBRE OS ASPECTOS NUTRICIONAIS QUE ENVOLVEM A DIETA VEGETARIANA
Authors: Meneguci Rhullian , Pupin Silvério Alissa , Teixeira Bazuco Gabriela , Martins Di Santis Giulia , Nicoletti Merotti Isabela , Pupin Silvério Alessandra Cristina
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O vegetarianismo, com cada vez mais adeptos, requer cuidados nutricionais, como planejamento e acompanhamento adequados. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e discutir se sujeitos que seguem a dieta vegetariana a fazem de maneira correta, englobando uma dieta completa em nutrientes, e se são acompanhados por profissional capacitado. Metodologia: Realizado um estudo transversal através da coleta de dados de 116 alunos dos cursos de medicina, farmácia, biomedicina e odontologia de uma Universidade particular do sul de Minas Gerais. Resultados: Mediante a Classificação Vegetariana, 86,2% dos sujeitos da pesquisa não são vegetarianos, 11,2% são ovolactovegetarianos e o restante se divide entre vegetariano restrito, ovo vegetariano e vegano. Os principais benefícios, citados pelos investigados, sobre a dieta vegetariana foram a baixa ingestão de gorduras saturadas e colesterol, alta ingestão de fibras dietéticas e de carboidratos complexos e a presença de antioxidantes. Os participantes também citaram deficiências nutricionais como vitamina B12, ferro, cálcio e zinco. Conclusão: A maior parte dos adeptos da dieta não fazem acompanhamento com nutricionistas e não são conhecedores dos alimentos a serem adicionados à dieta para não apresentarem deficiências.
Critical Analysis of the Place and Importance of Literature in the Teaching / Learning of English and in School Leaving Certificate Examination in Burkina Faso from 1985 to 2018.
Authors: Kabore André , Nazortin Charles
Published: October 2021

The potentials of literary texts are numerous. Literary texts can be used as basis for the teaching of the four traditional skills. They can also be used to develop learners‘ cultural competence. In Literature classes preparing for ―Baccalaureate A‖ written examination, literary texts are expected to be used frequently with regard to the profile of students in this section. The purpose of this study is to analyse the types of texts given at the ―Baccalaureate A‖ written examination in the last thirty years. In this study, quantitative and qualitative data are collected. Baccalaureate written English papers are the main focus of our collection. Teachers and supervisors are interviewed. The study is grounded on ―Reader-Response Theory‖ which stresses the interactions between the reader and the text. The results of the study show that the great majority of texts proposed for ―Baccalaureate A‖ examination, in the last thirty years, are non-literary texts. The consequence of this reduction in the use of literary texts may explain teachers‘ gradual lack of motivation to use them in class, or vice-versa, everything that is likely to have a negative impact on the performance of students from this class.
From Gaomi to Nobel
Authors: Yu Jinquan , Zhang Wenqian
Published: October 2021

The global translation field is characterized by a core-periphery structure. The translation of Chinese literature into English falls into the category of translation flows from the periphery to the core. Combining Bourdieu’s field and capital with world literature studies, this article explores the factors impinging on the production, circulation and consecration of Chinese literature in the English literary field with the English translation of Nobel Laureate Mo Yan’s fiction as an illustrative case study. By so doing, the article shows that the logic of market dominant in the English publishing field plays a decisive role in the production and circulation of Chinese literature in the English world. The translation agents such as translators, publishers and editors act as gatekeepers in the selection process and facilitators in the consecration process. With the analysis of the case of Mo Yan, the article argues that the success and canonization of his fiction in the English world relies not only on the aesthetic and commercial stakes of its publishing context, but also on the promotion and consecration via the joint efforts of the English publishers, the editors, the literary agent and Howard Goldblatt who possess a multiplicity of capital in their own fields.
Drag Reduction Using Biomimetic Sharkskin Denticles
Authors: Bhatia D. , Zhao Y. , Yadav D. , Wang J.
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the use of sharkskin in improving the aerodynamic performance of aerofoils. A biomimetic analysis of the sharkskin denticles was conducted and the denticles were incorporated on the surface of a 2-Dimensional (2D) NACA0012 aerofoil. The aerodynamic performance including the drag reduction rate, lift enhancement rate, and Lift to Drag (L/D) enhancement rate for sharkskin denticles were calculated at different locations along the chord line of the aerofoil and at different Angles of Attack (AOAs) through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Two different denticle orientations were tested. Conditional results indicate that the denticle reduces drag by 4.3% and attains an L/D enhancement ratio of 3.6%.
Quality of Recycled Aggregates and Compressive Strength of No-Fines Recycled-Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Dahri S. A. , Memon B. A. , Oad M. , Bhanbhro R. , Rahu I. A.
Published: October 2021

This research paper presents the laboratory investigations of the compressive strength of no-fines concrete made with demolished waste as coarse aggregates used in percentages from 20% to 100%. The basic properties of aggregates were determined. Sieve analysis of both conventional and recycled aggregates was conducted to ensure the existence of well-graded aggregates in concrete. Nine concrete mixes were designed with an aggregate-cement ratio of 4. Additionally, three batches were prepared (conventional, recycled, conventional no-fines concrete) and the results were compared. For all mixes, the water-cement ratio was equal to 0.5. In each batch, 5 cylinders of standard size (total 60 samples) were prepared and cured for 28 days. The weight of the specimens was determined and compressive strength was checked in a Universal Testing Machine under gradually increasing load. A decrease in weight and compressive strength was recorded for the batches of the proposed concrete. Results show that at 40% replacement level the loss of compressive strength is 19% and the weight reduction of the samples was equal to 9%.
Efficiency Improvement of Permanent Magnet BLDC Motors for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Minh D. B. , Quoc V. D. , Huy P. N.
Published: October 2021

A permanent magnet Brushless DC (BLDC) motor has been designed with different rotor configurations based on the arrangement of the permanent magnets. Rotor configurations strongly affect the torque and efficiency performance of permanent magnet electric motors. In this paper, different rotor configurations of the permanent magnet BLDC motor with parallel the Halbach array permanent magnet were compared and evaluated. Many applications of electric drives or air-crafts have recently preferred the surface-mounted permanent magnet design due to its ease of construction and maintenance. The finite element technique has been used for the analysis and comparison of different geometry parameters and rotor magnet configurations to improve efficiency and torque performance. A comprehensive design of a three-phase permanent magnet BLDC 35kW motor is presented and simulations were conducted to evaluate its design. The skewing rotor and Halbach magnet array are applied to the permanent surface-mounted magnet on the BLDC motor for eliminating torque ripples. In order to observe the skewing rotor effect, the rotor lamination layers were skewed with different angles and Halbach sinusoidal arrays. The determined skewing angle, the eliminated theoretically cogging torque, and the back electromotive force harmonics were also analyzed.
The Effect of Nanomaterials on the Properties of Limestone Dust Green Concrete
Authors: Alsaedy S. M. , Aljalawi N.
Published: October 2021

Portland cement is considered the most involved product in environmental pollution. It is responsible for about 10% of global CO2 emissions [1]. Limestone dust is a by-product of limestone plants and it is produced in thousands of tons annually as waste material. To fulfill sustainability requirements, concrete production is recommended to reduce Portland cement usage with the use of alternative or waste materials. The production of sustainable high strength concrete by using nanomaterials is one of the aims of this study. Limestone dust in 12, 16, and 20% by weight of cement replaced cement in this study. The study was divided into two parts: the first was devoted to the investigation of the best percentage of replacement of waste lime. The second part of the study evaluated the performance of concrete when adding nanomaterials. Three percentages of cement replacement 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% with nano-Al2O3 were used. The most efficient content of hydrated lime used in this study which achieves sustainability and maintains the quality of concrete was (16%). On the other hand, it was found that the best percentage of nano-Al2O3 as a partial replacement of cement is 1.5%.
Potential innovative targets in the treatment of pain: Combined μ and NOP receptor agonists
Authors: Leo, MA, MD Raphael J.
Published: October 2021

Opioid analgesics are potent and widely used medications employed to manage moderate-to-severe acute pain; their utility in the management of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain is modest and is beset with adverse effects and concerns related to abuse and addiction. The discovery of the nonclassical opioid, ie, the nociception/orphanin receptor (NOP), has sparked interest into another possible analgesic target. Preclinical studies have demonstrated pain mitigating effects associated with NOP receptor activation while simultaneously reducing conventional μ-opioid-related adverse and euphoric effects. Consequently, agents possessing dual agonism of both μ and NOP receptor activations present an innovative and promising potential target for pain management.
PALM OIL INDUSTRY: CERTIFICATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Labansing Sean Andrew , Soon Jian Yeo  , Tang Chung Siong , Stanlee Tracy Joann
Published: October 2021

The agricultural industry has been the backbone of Sabah's economy for decades. The industry has eradicated poverty and supported connectivity between the rural with the urban area. At the same time, it has undergone numerous shifts of cash crops to sustain the economy with the oil palm as the latest crop. The palm oil industry has both novelty and challenges to thrive with the demand for sustainability. For the mandatory certification of Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil, growers, mainly smallholders, faced restrictions on the certification process despite incentives from the federal government. This has put a setback to the effort by the palm oil industry in their commitment to being sustainable. In this study, the researchers plan to examine the palm oil industry's certification approach on the smallholders on their way to achieving a sustainable palm oil industry based on a case study approach. Therefore, the methodology for the study was using content analysis on public-domain literature found through electronic databases encompasses publications dating from 2000 to 2020.  The study found that the acceptance and trust in smallholders' certification process are in correspond with the incomprehension and the certification process approach.
From Despair to Hope: A Narrative Journey to Becoming Amateur Intellectuals During COVID-19
Authors: Gerbrandt Julianne , Strati Stefania
Published: October 2021

In this narrative paper, we explore our coming-of-age as amateur intellectuals through our collaborative engagement with reflexivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situating our reflective acts within technology and our educational contexts we address and analyze feelings of persistent tug of war between despair and hope. Through collaborative autoethnography, we challenged our perceptions and investigated our views on educator identity as â€œteachersâ€ to challenge perceptions of educator roles and responsibilities. We discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic response narrowed the role of the teacher, ultimately diminishing and destabilizing teacher identity while limiting their sense of agency. We draw on our collective experiences during the pandemic to draw a thread between the pandemic responseâ€™s effect on teaching and teacher identity, a conflicting awareness of both complicity and resistance, and our battles with the despair of necessity. By engaging in collaborative doubt and reflexivity, we discovered that we were consistently instilled with an astonishing sense of hope within our community.
Negotiating the Digital Maze of Information Literacy
Authors: Kay Robin H , Ahmadpour Kamran
Published: October 2021

Rapid change in technology, conflicting definitions and perspectives, and competing models make it difficult to develop a consistent and coherent understanding of information literacy. A comprehensive search of 50 peer-reviewed articles between 2004 and 2014 was conducted to identify major research themes in understanding information literacy. Five key areas associated with information literacy were reviewed, including evolutionary history, proposed definitions, foundational learning theories, digital literacy, and previous information literacy models. Based on a detailed content analysis of previous research, a 4Ps framework (planning, picking, processing, and producing) was developed and analyzed to synthesize the results.
Empowering Adult Learners through Blogging with iPads and iPods
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Augusto
Published: October 2021

Current statistics indicate that 48 per cent of Canadians over the age of 16 struggle with low literacy skills (Canadian Council on Learning, 2008). The federal government has deemed the development of digital literacy proficiencies amongst Canadians a national priority as this country moves toward a digital economy (Government of Canada, 2012). This research project examined whether adult learners with literacy challenges would feel empowered as a result of creating content for a blog through the use of digital technology. The researcher attempted to understand the impact that blogging and using different types of technology could have on an individualâ€™s self-esteem and whether those feelings of empowerment would encourage an adult learner to pursue further education. Although this research project only ran for a period of six days at a literacy program, there was a noticeable difference in how the participants viewed themselves after they created digital content. Further findings from this project also indicated that there is a gap in research dealing with the impact of digital technology on adult literacy.
Strategi Komunikasi Politik Pemenangan Kepala Daerah
Authors: Triwicaksono Yohanes De Britto Bimo , Nugroho Adi
Published: October 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of political communication strategies for winning in regional head elections. The purpose of this study is to determine the political communication strategy in winning the regional head candidate pair. The theory used in this study is the theory of political communication strategy and the descriptions of other supporting theories about political communication strategies. The research method used is descriptive qualitative case study. The data used in this study include primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from interviews with seven informants from the Hendri-ita winning post. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from journal literature, literature study, and documentation. Data analysis in this study followed the guidelines of the case study research design. The results of this study indicate that the political communication strategy of the regional head candidate pair is carried out by considering the characteristics of the communication components which are communicators, message content, media, communicants, and feedback. Afterwards, through the consideration of the communication. The communication strategy gave the regional head candidate pair victory in the 2020 Semarang regional head election.
Aerosol–cloud interactions: the representation of heterogeneous ice activation in cloud models
Authors: Kärcher Bernd , Marcolli Claudia
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The homogeneous nucleation of ice in supercooled liquid-water clouds is characterized by time-dependent freezing rates. By contrast, water phase transitions induced heterogeneously by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are described by time-independent ice-active fractions depending on ice supersaturation (s). Laboratory studies report ice-active particle number fractions (AFs) that are cumulative in s. Cloud models budget INP and ice crystal numbers to conserve total particle number during water phase transitions. Here, we show that ice formation from INPs with time-independent nucleation behavior is overpredicted when models budget particle numbers and at the same time derive ice crystal numbers from s-cumulative AFs. This causes a bias towards heterogeneous ice formation in situations where INPs compete with homogeneous droplet freezing during cloud formation. We resolve this issue by introducing differential AFs, thereby moving us one step closer to more robust simulations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Accuracy in starphotometry
Authors: Ivănescu Liviu , Baibakov Konstantin , O'Neill Norman T. , Blanchet Jean-Pierre , Schulz Karl-Heinz
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Starphotometry, the night-time counterpart of sunphotometry, has not yet achieved the commonly sought observational error level of 1 %: a spectral optical depth (OD) error level of 0.01. In order to address this issue, we investigate a large variety of systematic (absolute) uncertainty sources. The bright-star catalogue of extraterrestrial references is noted as a major source of errors with an attendant recommendation that its accuracy, particularly its spectral photometric variability, be significantly improved. The small field of view (FOV) employed in starphotometry ensures that it, unlike sun- or moonphotometry, is only weakly dependent on the intrinsic and artificial OD reduction induced by scattering into the FOV by optically thin clouds. A FOV of 45 arcsec (arcseconds) was found to be the best trade-off for minimizing such forward-scattering errors concurrently with flux loss through vignetting. The importance of monitoring the sky background and using interpolation techniques to avoid spikes and to compensate for measurement delay was underscored. A set of 20 channels was identified to mitigate contamination errors associated with stellar and terrestrial atmospheric gas absorptions, as well as aurora and airglow emissions. We also note that observations made with starphotometers similar to our High Arctic instrument should be made at high angular elevations (i.e. at air masses less than 5). We noted the significant effects of snow crystal deposition on the starphotometer optics, how pseudo OD increases associated with this type of contamination could be detected, and how proactive techniques could be employed to avoid their occurrence in the first place. If all of these recommendations are followed, one may aspire to achieve component errors that are well below 0.01: in the process, one may attain a total 0.01 OD target error.
Nitrogen deposition in the UK at 1 km resolution from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Tomlinson Samuel J. , Carnell Edward J. , Dore Anthony J. , Dragosits Ulrike
Published: October 2021

Abstract. An atmospheric chemistry transport model (FRAME) is used here to calculate annual UK N deposition for the years 1990–2017, at a 1 km × 1 km resolution. Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition is a threat that can lead to adverse effects on the environment and human health. In Europe, substantial reductions in N deposition from nitrogen oxide emissions have been achieved in recent decades. This paper quantifies reductions in UK N deposition following the N emissions peak in 1990. In the UK, estimates of N deposition are typically available at a coarse spatial resolution (typically 5 km × 5 km grid resolution), and it is often difficult to compare estimates between years due to methodological changes in emission estimates. Through efforts to reduce emissions of N from industry, traffic, and agriculture, this study
predicts that UK N deposition has reduced from 465 kt N in 1990 to 278 kt N in 2017. However, as part of this overall reduction, there are non-uniform changes for wet and dry deposition of reduced N (NHx) and oxidised N (NOy). In 2017, it is estimated 59 % of all N deposition is in the form of reduced N, a change from 35 % in 1990. This dataset uses 28 years of emissions data from 1990 to 2017 to produce the first long-term dataset of 28 years of N deposition at 1 km × 1 km resolution in the UK. Full data are available at https://doi.org/10.5285/9b203324-6b37-4e91-b028-e073b197fb9f (Tomlinson et al., 2020).
Numerical daemons of hydrological models are summoned by extreme precipitation
Authors: La Follette Peter T. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Addor Nans , Clark Martyn , Jansen Koen , Melsen Lieke A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Hydrological models are usually systems of nonlinear differential equations for which no analytical solutions exist and thus rely on numerical solutions. While some studies have investigated the relationship between numerical method choice and model error, the extent to which extreme precipitation such as that observed during hurricanes Harvey and Katrina
impacts numerical error of hydrological models is still unknown. This knowledge is relevant in light of climate change, where many regions will likely experience more intense precipitation. In this experiment, a large number of hydrographs are generated with the modular modeling framework FUSE (Framework for Understanding Structural Errors), using eight numerical techniques across a variety of forcing data sets. All constructed models are conceptual and lumped. Multiple model structures, parameter sets, and initial conditions are incorporated for generality. The computational cost and numerical error associated with each hydrograph were recorded. Numerical error is assessed via root mean square error and normalized root mean square error. It was found that the root mean square error usually increases with precipitation intensity and decreases with event duration. Some numerical methods constrain errors much more effectively than others, sometimes by many orders of magnitude. Of the tested numerical methods, a second-order adaptive explicit method is found to be the most efficient because it has both a small numerical error and a low computational cost. A small literature review indicates that many popular modeling codes use numerical techniques that were suggested by this experiment to be suboptimal. We conclude that relatively large numerical errors may be common in current models, highlighting the need for robust numerical techniques, in particular in the face of increasing precipitation extremes.
Lessons from the 2018–2019 European droughts: A collective need for unifying drought risk management
Authors: Blauhut Veit , Stoelzle Michael , Ahopelto Lauri , Brunner Manuela I. , Teutschbein Claudia , Wendt Doris E. , Akstinas Vytautas , Bakke Sigrid J. , Barker Lucy J. , Bartošová Lenka , Briede Agrita , Cammalleri Carmelo , De Stefano Lucia , Fendeková Miriam , Finger David C. , Huysmans Marijke , Ivanov Mirjana , Jaagus Jaak , Jakubínský Jiří , Kalin Ksenija Cindrić , Krakovska Svitlana , Laaha Gregor , Lakatos Monika , Manevski Kiril , Neumann Andersen Mathias , Nikolova Nina , Osuch Marzena , van Oel Pieter , Radeva Kalina , Romanowicz Renata J. , Toth Elena , Trnka Mirek , Urošev Marko , Urquijo Reguera Julia , Sauquet Eric , Stevkova Silvana , Tallaksen Lena M. , Trofimova Iryna , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Vidal Jean-Philippe , Wanders Niko , Werner Micha , Willems Patrick , Živković Nenad
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazardous severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts, and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders for inducing action. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard and impacts. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders’ perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability and current drought management strategies at national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perceptions across different countries and in values of implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study concludes with an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and lessen harm to human and natural potentials.
FINANCIAL PREFERENCES OF LISTED FIRMS IN EMERGING MARKET: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE CASE OF THAILAND
Authors: Srijaroen Suveera , Jiang Jun
Published: October 2021

The study aims to identify the determinants of Thai listed firms’ capital structure using derived theoretical-based models from CAPM and Hamada equations, which incorporate the control variables, i.e. company’s operating performance and capital size, with time-invariant and random effects, for improving the explanatory power of the model. The empirical test employs the quarterly data covering the year 2006 to 2010 from the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The results showed that the tax shield and industry classification explicitly demonstrate material relevance to the alteration of the firm’s degree of financial leverage. The results also showed that the fixed assets merely exert moderate influences on the firm’s willingness to implement a policy of increasing financial leverage. Conclusively, none other relevant factors possess a significant impact on the choice of capital structure, in the case of Thailand.
THE ROLE OF LOYALTY DIMENSIONS IN CUSTOMER ORIENTATION PROCESS FOR NEW ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM INDUSTRIES OF IRAN
Authors: Taleghani Mohammad , Choobeh Esmaeil Rajabi , Mousavian Seyyed Javad
Published: October 2021

Many of tourism companies use internet websites as an important tool for marketing and sale of products or offering their services. To offer tourism services through internet successfully, it must be highly reliable and safe. The aim of this research is to study on effective factors on trust, satisfaction and loyalty of customers. In this research one structural equation modeling method has been used that investigate on relationships between external variables (efficiency and usability of transportation and transfer of products, security and transaction costs) and mediator and effective variables (trust and satisfaction) and also loyalty which are as a dependent variable. The results show that efficiency and high capability for transportation, transfer, expenses and security has a positive effect on the rate of trust in customers, which on the other hand, has affected loyalty of the customer as well. These results and findings show that satisfaction of the customers affects their trust which will have a significant role in formation of loyalty in customers and continuity of online shopping of tourism products and services.
WTO REFORMS AND RICE MARKET IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Jamali Muhammad Bachal , Mehmood Tariq , Naqvi Syed Abir Hussain , Hashmi Muhammad Aamir , Shaikh Faiz.M.
Published: October 2021

This research investigates the WTO reforms and Rice market in Pakistan. Data were collected from the Primary as well secondary sources of the Rice producing countries, and data were analysis by using SPSS-18 version, A structural questionnaire was developed for reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that from the last five years there is no visible impact on export laid growth but from last three years price shocks was observed in Pakistan, due to increases in the world rice market by 200 percent in various Asian countries. Consumers are facing the price shock problem in Pakistan and world Rice market the statistical results were similar for the alternative specification of gross margins and prices as the economic decision available. However, the price elasticities derived using the gross margins specification were about a third of those using the prices specification. The gross margin specification yielded additional information in the form of yield and input cost elasticities. The analysis indicates that there are lags which are due primarily to the difficulties and cost of rapid adjustment rather than to the time required to revise expectations. The statistical results were similar for the alternative specification of gross margins and prices as the economic decision available. However, the price elasticities derived using the gross margins additional information in the form of yield and input cost elasticities
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF PERCEPTION ON THE CONTINUANCE INTENTION IN FACEBOOK
Authors: Chen Shih-Chih , Chen Huei-Huang , Lin Mei-Tzu , Chen Yu-Bei
Published: October 2021

Recently, the social networking applications expand rapidly and attract a lot of users in a short time period. This study attempts to develop a conceptual model to understand the continuance intention in the context of social networking. The conceptual model integrates the post-acceptance model of information system continuance with perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness proposed by Bhattacherjee (2001a) and Davis (1989), respectively. In the proposed model, continuance intention is influenced by the relationship quality and information system quality. Additionally, nine propositions are developed based the proposed model and literature review. Finally, conclusions, managerial implications, and future direction of research are also provided.
PERSONALITY PROFILE OF F and B STAFF IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdullah Fakhrul Zaman , Bustamam Farah Liyana
Published: October 2021

Being part of the ‘people oriented’ industry, hotel organizations are to abide by the fact that their performances are measured through customers’ satisfaction. Due to this, human capital has been identified to be one of the key factors in determining the success or failure of a business. Hence, it is crucial for hotel organizations to select the right people with the right personality to represent the organizations. This study sought to investigate the personality profile of hotels’ Food and Beverage employees in Malaysia. A total of thirty-six (36) 4-star and 5-star hotels in Kuala Lumpur were involved and 165 employees participated in this study. Data were collected through self-administered survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and reliability analysis were used in the data analysis. According to the empirical analytic results, among the five personality traits, four (4) of the sub variables scored moderately high mean score with Extroversion (M=3.51, SD=.69), Openness (M=3.62, SD=.68), Agreeableness (M=3.51, SD=.53) and Conscientiousness (M=3.54, SD=.83) while Neuroticism scored moderate mean (M=3.37, SD=.60).
INDIA-U.K. Trade: A phenomenon of sliding scenario
Authors: Shafi S M
Published: October 2021

Until 1973 when U.K., was not the member of European Community (now European Union , India’s trade was not geographically as diversified. This was purely due to the reason that India’s Trade was almost exclusively with U.K. Indian merchandise would find other destinations in the European continent only as re-exports from Britishers. India’s trade relations with U.K., are based upon long nourished relationship fostered during British rule in India with British East India Company as its promotor plateform. Based upon mutual trust between the trading communities of the two countries and facilitated with market opportunities, the relationship got further stronger even after India’s independence from Britain. However, with U.K. joining European Union, India’s trade started getting diversified and trade volumes with U.K started showing falling trends. The present paper traces out the behaviour of falling trade scenario with U.K.
Employee Training and Development in Nigerian Organisaitons: Some Observations and Agenda for Research
Authors: Obisi Chris
Published: October 2021

The ultimate aim of any training program is to add value and once a training program cannot add value, it should be reworked or altogether cancelled. Without training, it will be very difficult to acquire skills and without skills organizations will not achieve its objectives through people. Some organizations see training as an expensive venture and may put embargo on training and utilize the money for other projects in the organization. Organizations must encourage learning organizations through its serious approach to training and development. A leadership organization is one which continuously enhances the skills of its entire workforce. Organizations should show in words and indeed its resolve to place high emphasis on training by having a training philosophy, identifying training needs, training objectives, training administration and also evaluating training needs. It is discovered that organizations show poor attitude to training administration by not preparing and equipping their trainees before, during and after a training program. More importantly, research efforts should be devoted to identifying missing gaps in the reviewed materials. Priority would be given to empirical analysis of the significance of identifying specific and appropriate needs before venturing into training and the reason why training fails.
Review on –Agrya Ayushadi Dravyas acting on different body systems w. s. r. to charaka samhita.
Authors: Indurkar Priya , Landge Surekha
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science which main aim is to maintain the health of a healthy person and cure diseases from its root. Ayurved is based on Saptapadartha, where dravya is one of them. Ancient Acharyas classified the Ayurveda into eight branches, collectively known as “Ashtang Ayurveda”. Dravyaguna Shastra is an important branch of chikitsa shastra. This deals with the guna (properties), karma (action), and Prayoganum (therapeutic uses of dravya). In Ayurveda “Ekal dravya” chikitsa having more importance. In some context, a single drug (Ekal Dravya) is used for one disease or more than one disease. Agrya Aushadhi Dravya is the most potent drug for that particular disease. Agrya Aushadhi Dravya is cost-effective economical, easy to use, and safe. This article highlighting the Agrya Aushadhi dravya mentioned in a charak samhita which acting on different body systems.
Testing of Intermediate Layer Laston Mixture Characteristics Using Sungai Pucak Stone, Maros Regency
Authors: Palebangan Mita , Mangontan Robert , Alpius
Published: October 2021

The implementation of road pavement construction so far has used materials imported from other places, and most of the road pavement constructions have been damaged before reaching the design life, so maintenance is carried out and even additional coating is given. This study aims to test the characteristics of the mixture of Laston Lapis Antara by utilizing Sungai Pucak aggregate according to laboratory tests. The research method is the Conventional Marshall test which is used to determine the KAO, then the manufacture of the KAO test object to obtain the Marshall Remaining Stability (SMS). The results showed that the characteristics of the aggregates originating from the Pucak River, Maros Regency for the Laston Lapis Antara mixture were in accordance with the General Specifications of Highways in 2018. The results of the characteristic test of the conventional Marshall mixture obtained that the values of stability, flow, VIM, VMA, and VFB all met the General Bina specifications. Marga in 2018. The Marshall Immersion test has complied with the 2018 General Highways specifications, where the value is 95.56%≥90%.