bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy dissipation in flows through curved spaces
Authors: Debus J.-D. , Mendoza M. , Succi S. , Herrmann H. J.
Published: February 2017

Fluid dynamics in intrinsically curved geometries is encountered in many physical systems in nature, ranging from microscopic bio-membranes all the way up to general relativity at cosmological scales. Despite the diversity of applications, all of these systems share a common feature: the free motion of particles is affected by inertial forces originating from the curvature of the embedding space. Here we reveal a fundamental process underlying fluid dynamics in curved spaces: the free motion of fluids, in the complete absence of solid walls or obstacles, exhibits loss of energy due exclusively to the intrinsic curvature of space. We find that local sources of curvature generate viscous stresses as a result of the inertial forces. The curvature- induced viscous forces are shown to cause hitherto unnoticed and yet appreciable energy dissipation, which might play a significant role for a variety of physical systems involving fluid dynamics in curved spaces.
Effects of drought on leaf carbon source and growth of European beech are modulated by soil type
Authors: Liu Jian-Feng , Arend Matthias , Yang Wen-Juan , Schaub Marcus , Ni Yan-Yan , Gessler Arthur , Jiang Ze-Ping , Rigling Andreas , Li Mai-He
Published: February 2017

Drought potentially affects carbon balance and growth of trees, but little is known to what extent soil plays a role in the trade-off between carbon gain and growth investment. In the present study, we analyzed leaf non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) as an indicator of the balance of photosynthetic carbon gain and carbon use, as well as growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings, which were grown on two different soil types (calcareous and acidic) in model ecosystems and subjected to a severe summer drought. Our results showed that drought led in general to increased total NSC concentrations and to decreased growth rate, and drought reduced shoot and stem growth of plants in acidic soil rather than in calcareous soil. This result indicated that soil type modulated the carbon trade-off between net leaf carbon gain and carbon investment to growth. In drought-stressed trees, leaf starch concentration and growth correlated negatively whereas soluble sugar:starch ratio and growth correlated positively, which may contribute to a better understanding of growth regulation under drought conditions. Our results emphasize the role of soil in determining the trade-off between the balance of carbon gain and carbon use on the leaf level and growth under stress (e.g. drought).
In patients with chronic aplastic anemia, bone marrow–derived MSCs regulate the Treg/Th17 balance by influencing the Notch/RBP-J/FOXP3/RORγt pathway
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wang Lin , Pang Yan , Jiang Zujun , Liu Zenghui , Xiao Haowen , Chen Haijia , Ge Xiaohu , Lan Hai , Xiao Yang
Published: February 2017

The standard treatment for aplastic anemia (AA) in young patients is a matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Transfusion of a chronic AA patient with allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) is currently being developed as a cell-based therapy, and the safety and efficacy of such transfusions are being continuously improved. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which BMMSCs exert their therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. In this study, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow donors were concentrated and intravenously injected into 15 chronic AA patients who had been refractory to prior immunosuppressive therapy. We showed that BMMSCs modulate the levels of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, as well as their related cytokines in chronic AA patients. Furthermore, the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells among the H-MSCs decreased significantly, while the percentage Treg cells increased. The Notch/RBP-J/FOXP3/RORγt pathway was involved in modulating the Treg/Th17 balance after MSCs were transfused in vitro. Additionally, the role played by transfused MSCs in regulating the Treg/Th17 balance via the Notch/RBP-J/FOXP3/RORγt pathway was further confirmed in an AA mouse model. In summary, in humans with chronic AA, BMMSCs regulate the Treg/Th17 balance by affecting the Notch/RBP-J/FOXP3/RORγt pathway.
Harvesting pre-polarized macrophages using thermo-responsive substrates
Authors: Malheiro Vera , Elbs-Glatz Yvonne , Obarzanek-Fojt Magdalena , Maniura-Weber Katharina , Bruinink Arie
Published: February 2017

In the cell culture environment macrophages are highly adherent cells. Currently used methods to harvest macrophages have the disadvantage of reducing cell viability and their ability to re-attach after seeding. Although thermo-responsive surfaces have been employed to harvest cell sheets no reports are available to use these to harvest (pre-polarized) macrophages. We show that this method significantly improves the yield of living macrophages and percentage of subsequent cell reattachment, whilst having a minimal effect on the cell phenotype.
Dynamical footprint of cross-reactivity in a human autoimmune T-cell receptor
Authors: Kumar Amit , Delogu Francesco
Published: February 2017

The present work focuses on the dynamical aspects of cross-reactivity between myelin based protein (MBP) self-peptide and two microbial peptides (UL15, PMM) for Hy.1B11 T-cell receptor (TCR). This same TCR was isolated from a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). The study aims at highlighting the chemical interactions underlying recognition mechanisms between TCR and the peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins, which form a crucial component in adaptive immune response against foreign antigens. Since the ability of a TCR to recognize different peptide antigens presented by MHC depends on its cross-reactivity, we used molecular dynamics methods to obtain atomistic detail on TCR-peptide-MHC complexes. Our results show how the dynamical basis of Hy.1B11 TCR’s cross-reactivity is rooted in a similar bridging interaction pattern across the TCR-peptide-MHC interface. Our simulations confirm the importance of TCR CDR3α E98 residue interaction with MHC and a predominant role of P6 peptide residue in MHC binding affinity. Altogether, our study provides energetic and dynamical insights into factors governing peptide recognition by the cross-reactive Hy.1B11 TCR, found in MS patient.
Let-7e modulates the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells through ceRNA crosstalk
Authors: Lin Zongwei , Ge Junfeng , Wang Zhe , Ren Jianwei , Wang Xiaowei , Xiong Hui , Gao Jing , Zhang Yan , Zhang Qunye
Published: February 2017

The inflammatory responses of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are critical in the development of many cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Let-7e is an important regulator of endothelial function and inflammation. However, the effects and mechanisms of let-7e on VECs inflammation have not been studied until recently. Thus, we investigated these issues and found that in addition to proliferation, apoptosis and cell adhesion, let-7e was also implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses through a complex network, including IκBβ and lncRNA lnc-MKI67IP-3. Let-7e promoted NF-κB activation and translocation to the nucleus by inhibiting its target gene (IκBβ) expression and subsequently increased the expression of inflammatory and adhesion molecules. Meanwhile, lnc-MKI67IP-3 acted as a sponge or competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for let-7e, suppressing its pro-inflammatory effects, and let-7e decreased lnc-MKI67IP-3 expression, thereby forming a positive feedback loop to aggravate inflammation. Moreover, let-7e, lnc-MKI67IP-3 and IκBβ were also abnormal in oxLDL-treated VECs and atherosclerotic plaques. The present study revealed let-7e as a pro-inflammatory mediator and a novel regulatory mechanism for the NF-κB pathway through ceRNA crosstalk, comprising let-7e and its target IκBβ and the ceRNA lnc-MKI67IP-3. Thus, this molecule might play important roles in the inflammatory responses of VECs and development of atherosclerosis.
The alternative complement pathway is dysregulated in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Shahini Negar , Michelsen Annika E. , Nilsson Per H. , Ekholt Karin , Gullestad Lars , Broch Kaspar , Dahl Christen P. , Aukrust Pål , Ueland Thor , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Yndestad Arne , Louwe Mieke C.
Published: February 2017

The complement system, an important arm of the innate immune system, is activated in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that HF patients are characterized by an imbalance of alternative amplification loop components; including properdin and complement factor D and the alternative pathway inhibitor factor H. These components and the activation product, terminal complement complex (TCC), were measured in plasma from 188 HF patients and 67 age- and sex- matched healthy controls by enzyme immunoassay. Our main findings were: (i) Compared to controls, patients with HF had significantly increased levels of factor D and TCC, and decreased levels of properdin, particularly patients with advanced clinical disorder (i.e., NYHA functional class IV), (ii) Levels of factor D and properdin in HF patients were correlated with measures of systemic inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein), neurohormonal deterioration (i.e., Nt-proBNP), cardiac function, and deteriorated diastolic function, (iii) Low levels of factor H and properdin were associated with adverse outcome in univariate analysis and for factor H, this was also seen in an adjusted model. Our results indicate that dysregulation of circulating components of the alternative pathway explain the increased degree of complement activation and is related to disease severity in HF patients.
A pupal transcriptomic screen identifies Ral as a target of store-operated calcium entry in Drosophila neurons
Authors: Richhariya Shlesha , Jayakumar Siddharth , Abruzzi Katharine , Rosbash Michael , Hasan Gaiti
Published: February 2017

Transcriptional regulation by Store-operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is well studied in non-excitable cells. However, the role of SOCE has been poorly documented in neuronal cells with more complicated calcium dynamics. Previous reports demonstrated a requirement for SOCE in neurons that regulate Drosophila flight bouts. We refine this requirement temporally to the early pupal stage and use RNA-sequencing to identify SOCE mediated gene expression changes in the developing Drosophila pupal nervous system. Down regulation of dStim, the endoplasmic reticular calcium sensor and a principal component of SOCE in the nervous system, altered the expression of 131 genes including Ral, a small GTPase. Disruption of Ral function in neurons impaired flight, whereas ectopic expression of Ral in SOCE-compromised neurons restored flight. Through live imaging of calcium transients from cultured pupal neurons, we confirmed that Ral does not participate in SOCE, but acts downstream of it. These results identify neuronal SOCE as a mechanism that regulates expression of specific genes during development of the pupal nervous system and emphasizes the relevance of SOCE-regulated gene expression to flight circuit maturation.
Aging and serum exomiR content in women-effects of estrogenic hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Kangas Reeta , Törmäkangas Timo , Fey Vidal , Pursiheimo Juha , Miinalainen Ilkka , Alen Markku , Kaprio Jaakko , Sipilä Sarianna , Säämänen Anna-Marja , Kovanen Vuokko , Laakkonen Eija K.
Published: February 2017

Exosomes participate in intercellular messaging by transporting bioactive lipid-, protein- and RNA-molecules and -complexes. The contents of the exosomes reflect the physiological status of an individual making exosomes promising targets for biomarker analyses. In the present study we extracted exosome microRNAs (exomiRs) from serum samples of premenopausal women (n = 8) and monozygotic postmenopausal twins (n = 10 female pairs), discordant for the use of estrogenic hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in order to see whether the age or/and the use of HRT associates with exomiR content. A total of 241 exomiRs were detected by next generation sequencing, 10 showing age, 14 HRT and 10 age +HRT -related differences. When comparing the groups, differentially expressed miRs were predicted to affect cell proliferation processes showing inactivation with younger age and HRT usage. MiR-106-5p, -148a-3p, -27-3p, -126-5p, -28-3p and -30a-5p were significantly associated with serum 17β-estradiol. MiRs formed two hierarchical clusters being indicative of positive or negative health outcomes involving associations with body composition, serum 17β-estradiol, fat-, glucose- and inflammatory markers. Circulating exomiR clusters, obtained by NGS, could be used as indicators of metabolic and inflammatory status affected by hormonal changes at menopause. Furthermore, the individual effects of HRT-usage could be evaluated based on the serum exomiR signature.
Erratum: RGS2 expression predicts amyloid-β sensitivity, MCI and Alzheimer’s disease: genome-wide transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatics data mining
Authors: Hadar A , Milanesi E , Squassina A , Niola P , Chillotti C , Pasmanik-Chor M , Yaron O , Martásek P , Rehavi M , Weissglas-Volkov D , Shomron N , Gozes I , Gurwitz D
Published: February 2017

Correction to: Translational Psychiatry (2016) 6, e909; doi:10.1038/tp.2016.179; published online 4 October 2016 In the online version of this paper, the second chart that appears in the Materials and Methods section, 'Real-time PCR' subsection, is incorrect. The correct chart appears below: The publisher regrets this error.
Whole-exome sequencing of individuals from an isolated population implicates rare risk variants in bipolar disorder
Authors: Lescai F , Als T D , Li Q , Nyegaard M , Andorsdottir G , Biskopstø M , Hedemand A , Fiorentino A , O'Brien N , Jarram A , Liang J , Grove J , Pallesen J , Eickhardt E , Mattheisen M , Bolund L , Demontis D , Wang A G , McQuillin A , Mors O , Wang J , Børglum A D
Published: February 2017

Bipolar disorder affects about 1% of the world’s population, and its estimated heritability is about 75%. Only few whole genome or whole-exome sequencing studies in bipolar disorder have been reported, and no rare coding variants have yet been robustly identified. The use of isolated populations might help finding variants with a recent origin, more likely to have drifted to higher frequency by chance. Following this approach, we investigated 28 bipolar cases and 214 controls from the Faroe Islands by whole exome sequencing, and the results were followed-up in a British sample of 2025 cases and 1358 controls. Seventeen variants in 16 genes in the single-variant analysis, and 3 genes in the gene-based statistics surpassed exome-wide significance in the discovery phase. The discovery findings were supported by enrichment analysis of common variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and interrogation of protein–protein interaction networks. The replication in the British sample confirmed the association with NOS1 (missense variant rs79487279) and NCL (gene-based test). A number of variants from the discovery set were not present in the replication sample, including a novel PITPNM2 missense variant, which is located in a highly significant schizophrenia GWAS locus. Likewise, PIK3C2A identified in the gene-based analysis is located in a combined bipolar and schizophrenia GWAS locus. Our results show support both for existing findings in the literature, as well as for new risk genes, and identify rare variants that might provide additional information on the underlying biology of bipolar disorder.
Voltammetric determination of diffusion coefficients in polymer membranes
Authors: Sheppard James B. , Hambly Bradley , Pendley Bradford , Lindner Erno
Published: February 2017

The diffusion-controlled transport of ions and molecules through polymer membranes utilized in chemical and biosensors is often the key factor determining the response characteristics of these sensors. A simple voltammetric method utilizing a planar electrochemical cell allows the rapid determination of diffusion coefficients in resistive polymer membranes.
Controlled assembly of organic whispering-gallery-mode microlasers as highly sensitive chemical vapor sensors
Authors: Gao Miaomiao , Wei Cong , Lin Xianqing , Liu Yuan , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: February 2017

Organic whispering-gallery-mode lasers, assembled from π-conjugated polymers, can be used for highly sensitive detection of trace amounts of chemical gases by monitoring the shift of the lasing mode, paving a new way to design novel photonic sensing devices.
Brønsted acid-catalysed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes: metal triflates as an in situ source of triflic acid
Authors: Chen Junqi , Goforth Sarah K. , McKeown Bradley A. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: February 2017

Hydroamination of alkenes using metal triflates occurs via the production of triflic acid, which serves as a catalyst precursor.
Aqueous singlet oxygen reaction kinetics of furfuryl alcohol: effect of temperature, pH, and salt content
Authors: Appiani Elena , Ossola Rachele , Latch Douglas E. , Erickson Paul R. , McNeill Kristopher
Published: February 2017

The rate constant for the reaction between furfuryl alcohol (FFA) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in aqueous solution was measured as a function of temperature, pH and salt content employing both steady-state photolysis (β value determination) and time-resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence methods.
Electrowetting without external voltage using paint-on electrodes
Authors: Eaker Collin B. , Joshipura Ishan D. , Maxwell Logan R. , Heikenfeld Jason , Dickey Michael D.
Published: February 2017

Electrowetting uses voltage to manipulate small volumes of fluid for applications including lab-on-a-chip and optical devices.
H3PW12O40supported on functionalized polyoxometalate organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for three-component Mannich-type reactions in water
Authors: Khoshnavazi Roushan , Bahrami Leila , Havasi Forugh , Naseri Elham
Published: February 2017

H3PW12O40was immobilized on organic–inorganic polyoxometalates nanoparticles of HybPOM and Go/Fe3O4/HybPOM nanocomposite and characterized. The catalytic activities of the catalysts were probed through Mannich-type reactions in water.
Study of the role of oxygen vacancies as active sites in reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO2
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Dai Rongying , Hu Shirong
Published: February 2017

A proof-of-concept study follow RGO introduced into TiO2 with oxygen vacancies, the role of oxygen vacancies as active sites in reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO2.
Lewis acidity quantification and catalytic activity of Ti, Zr and Al-supported mesoporous silica
Authors: Zakharova Maria V. , Kleitz Freddy , Fontaine Frédéric-Georges
Published: February 2017

Water-tolerant metal supported Lewis acids were synthesized for the catalytic amidation of electron-poor and bulky amines.
Solvothermal self-assembly of Cd2+ coordination polymers with supramolecular networks involving N-donor ligands and aromatic dicarboxylates: synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence studies
Authors: Rachuri Yadagiri , Parmar Bhavesh , Bisht Kamal Kumar , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: February 2017

Structural, solid state luminescence of Cd(ii) coordination polymers and detection of acetone by CP1via luminescence quenching have been discussed.
Reactivity of an amidinato silylene and germylene toward germanium(ii), tin(ii) and lead(ii) halides
Authors: Shan Yu-Liang , Leong Bi-Xiang , Xi Hong-Wei , Ganguly Rakesh , Li Yongxin , Lim Kok Hwa , So Cheuk-Wai
Published: February 2017

The reaction of the amidinato silicon(ii)1and germanium(ii) amide4with PbBr2and SnCl2afforded the amidinato silylene–dibromoplumbylene3and germylene–dichlorostannylene6adducts, respectively.
Carborane-layered double hydroxide nanohybrids for potential targeted- and magnetically targeted-BNCT applications
Authors: Ay Ahmet Nedim , Akar Hande , Zaulet Adnana , Viňas Clara , Teixidor Francesc , Zumreoglu-Karan Birgul
Published: February 2017

Carborane-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrids (CB-LDH) and a magnesium ferrite (MF) supported-CB-LDH core–shell nanocomposite (CB-LDH@MF) are reported.
The path of mass transfer during Au thin film-assisted chemical etching by designed surface barriers
Authors: Jiang Bing , Dai Han , Zhao Qiang , Lin Jun , Chu Lihua , Li Yingfeng , Fu Pengfei , Wu Gaoxiang , Ji Jun , Li Meicheng
Published: February 2017

The mass transfer during the initial etching process: Si atoms dissolve in the Au film, and then diffuse across the Au lattice, and are oxidized and etched away at the Au film/solution interface.
Multifunctional NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@SiO2@Au heterogeneous nanocomposites for upconversion luminescence, temperature sensing and photothermal conversion
Authors: Li Dongdong , Lai Wen-Yong , Shao Qiyue , Huang Wei
Published: February 2017

NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@SiO2@Au heterogeneous nanostructures, with the ability of integrating upconversion luminescence, photothermal therapy and real-time temperature monitoring, have been successfully prepared.
A sustainable and efficient process for the preparation of polyethylene–polystyrene interpolymer based anion exchange membranes by in situ chloromethylation for electrodialytic applications
Authors: Bhadja Vaibhavee , Chakraborty Souradeep , Pal Sandip , Mondal Rakhi , Makwana B. S. , Chatterjee Uma
Published: February 2017

The present article describes the preparation of efficient and stable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) from the inter-polymer of polyethylene and polystyrene-co-polydivinylbenzene.
Electronic properties and applications of MXenes: a theoretical review
Authors: Khazaei Mohammad , Ranjbar Ahmad , Arai Masao , Sasaki Taizo , Yunoki Seiji
Published: February 2017

The recent chemical exfoliation of layered MAX phase compounds to novel two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, the so-called MXenes, has brought a new opportunity to materials science and technology.
Pulmonary Embolism and Atrial Fibrillation: Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Systematic Review
Authors: Abou Ziki Maen , Lip Gregory , Bikdeli Behnood
Published: February 2017

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common, potentially fatal thrombotic disease. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, may also lead to thromboembolic complications. Although initially appearing as distinct entities, PE and AF may coexist. The direction and extent of this association has not been well characterized. We performed a search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for publications that reported coexisting AF in patients with PE, or vice versa, to provide a systematic overview of pathophysiological and epidemiological aspects of this association (last search: October 13, 2016). We screened 650 articles following the PubMed search, and 697 through Scopus. PE and AF share many common risk factors, including old age, obesity, heart failure, and inflammatory states. In addition, PE may lead to AF through right-sided pressure overload or inflammatory cytokines. AF, in turn, might lead to right atrial appendage clot formation and thereby PE. Epidemiological studies indicate that AF can be seen as a presenting sign, during the early phase, or later in the course of recovery from PE. Patients with AF are also at increased risk of developing PE, a risk that correlates with the CHA2DS2-VASc score. For the choice of antithrombotic therapy, PE-related factors (provoked or unproved, active cancer, and prior recurrence) and AF-related factors (CHA2DS2-VASc score), risk of bleeding, and patient preferences should be considered. In conclusion, PE and AF may coexist, with an understudied bidirectional association. Prognostication and choice of antithrombotic therapy in patients with both PE and AF might be different compared with those who present with only one of the two and warrants further investigation.
Induced Membrane Technique Combined with a Free Vascularized Fibula Flap for the Management of a Severe Acute Femoral Bone Loss: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Qiu Xu-sheng , Zheng Xin , Shi Hong-fei , Xu Guang-yue , Chen Yi-xin
Published: February 2017

Background Management of segmental bone defects is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The most commonly used methods are the free vascularized bone transfer, bone transport, and induced membrane technique. However, none of these methods is fully suitable for some cases.

Case Report A 41-year-old woman was presented with a Gustilo IIIA left distal femoral fracture (AO 32-C and 33-C) with bone loss. The length of femoral bone loss was 15 cm (12 cm medially and 18 cm laterally). After thorough debridement, the intercondylar fracture was fixed with K-wires, and an external fixator bridged the knee joint. The bone defect was filled with antibiotic cement spacer. After 2 months, the external fixator was removed; the femur was fixed by internal fixation. The induced membrane was opened and the antibiotic cement removed. A free vascularized fibular graft of 18 cm was transferred and the residual bony defect was filled with morcellized cancellous autologous bone graft. At 6 months postoperatively, the graft appeared completely integrated at X-ray and the patient could walk without brace at 11 months postoperatively.

Conclusion The distal femur is a large-caliber bone and is under severe stress during weight bearing. When only the induced membrane technique is used, the autologous bone graft seems not enough for the present case. On the other hand, single free vascularized fibular graft also could not provide sufficient strength to allow weight bearing despite significant hypertrophy. Therefore, the induced membrane technique combined with free vascularized fibular graft used in the present case may be an alternative.
Patellofemoral Osteochondral Allografts: Can We Improve the Matching Process?
Authors: Determann Jason , Fleischli James , D'Alessandro Donald , Piasecki Dana
Published: February 2017

An important consideration for the successful use of fresh osteochondral allografts for the patellofemoral joint is selection of appropriately sized donor allografts. This is particularly challenging for matching grafts to the patella because of the substantial variability in articular contour that exists. At present, selection of donor patellae is based only on the width of the proximal tibia, with no established means of quantifying basic patellar size, facet configuration, or articular contour. We hypothesized that using a combination of standard radiographic measurements to generate an accurate profile of the recipients native patella would result in a more accurate donor graft. We radiographically measured seven dimensions of 30 fresh frozen cadaveric patellar specimens, and then, following dissection, accurate ex vivo measurements of patellar morphology were taken. Measurements obtained on the merchant view included total width, width of the medial and lateral facets, central ridge height (CRH) and location, as well as the patellar angle. The lateral view was obtained to measure the articular length. Ex vivo measurements were subsequently taken using a standard ruler, caliper, and goniometer following removal of all soft tissue attachments. To simulate a larger population of knees, we then used bootstrapping methods with simple random selection and replacement to generate a sample of measurements from 4,500 knees. In the bootstrapping process, measurements from one random specimen are added to the “population” at each iteration until the target sample size is reached. Data from this bootstrapped population were subsequently used to calculate statistically significant radiographic predictors of each ex vivo measurement, using a multivariate regression model with backward elimination. These predictors were then used to compare the calculated values to the actual ex vivo measurements for each dimension in our original 30 specimens' sample. Overall, these formulas were very successful in predicting ex vivo measurements. While further validation is warranted, we propose that these formulas can be utilized to select a more accurate donor.
Two tandem flexible loops in a viscous flow
Authors: Ye Huilin , Wei Heng , Huang Haibo , Lu Xi-yun
Published: February 2017

Interaction between two tandem flexible loops with tension and bending stiffness in a viscous flow is investigated by numerical simulations. In most cases, the heads of the loops facing the oncoming flow are fixed but flapping around the head is allowed. The effect of the gap distance between the two passive flapping loops (G) on the drag coefficient is investigated in detail. Here, for the first time, the sudden drag force reduction at a specific G, i.e., Gc for the downstream loop has been found in the two tandem flexible loops system. It is different from the drag “jump” behavior in the two tandem rigid cylinder system. Although the drag is partially associated with the flapping amplitude, the drag force reduction of the downstream loop may be mainly attributed to flow regimes transition or vortices merging mode transition. The vortices merging is also analysed from a Lagrangian viewpoint, which gives insight into the mechanism. The effects of Reynolds number (20≤ Re ≤100), bending coefficient (10−4≤K≤2×10−2), and tension coefficient (10≤S≤1000) are also investigated and the relevant mechanism is explored. If the head of the downstream loop is set free to move laterally, the critical distance (Gc) where the sudden drag reduction occurs would further decrease compared to the fixed case, which is due to the early shedding regime transition.
Dynamics of nonautonomous discrete rogue wave solutions for an Ablowitz-Musslimani equation with PT-symmetric potential
Authors: Yu Fajun
Published: February 2017

Starting from a discrete spectral problem, we derive a hierarchy of nonlinear discrete equations which include the Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) equation. We analytically study the discrete rogue-wave (DRW) solutions of AL equation with three free parameters. The trajectories of peaks and depressions of profiles for the first- and second-order DRWs are produced by means of analytical and numerical methods. In particular, we study the solutions with dispersion in parity-time (PT) symmetric potential for Ablowitz-Musslimani equation. And we consider the non-autonomous DRW solutions, parameters controlling and their interactions with variable coefficients, and predict the long-living rogue wave solutions. Our results might provide useful information for potential applications of synthetic PT symmetric systems in nonlinear optics and condensed matter physics.
Modeling single molecule junction mechanics as a probe of interface bonding
Authors: Hybertsen Mark S.
Published: February 2017

Using the atomic force microscope based break junction approach, applicable to metal point contacts and single molecule junctions, measurements can be repeated thousands of times resulting in rich data sets characterizing the properties of an ensemble of nanoscale junction structures. This paper focuses on the relationship between the measured force extension characteristics including bond rupture and the properties of the interface bonds in the junction. A set of exemplary model junction structures has been analyzed using density functional theory based calculations to simulate the adiabatic potential surface that governs the junction elongation. The junction structures include representative molecules that bond to the electrodes through amine, methylsulfide, and pyridine links. The force extension characteristics are shown to be most effectively analyzed in a scaled form with maximum sustainable force and the distance between the force zero and force maximum as scale factors. Widely used, two parameter models for chemical bond potential energy versus bond length are found to be nearly identical in scaled form. Furthermore, they fit well to the present calculations of N–Au and S–Au donor-acceptor bonds, provided no other degrees of freedom are allowed to relax. Examination of the reduced problem of a single interface, but including relaxation of atoms proximal to the interface bond, shows that a single-bond potential form renormalized by an effective harmonic potential in series fits well to the calculated results. This allows relatively accurate extraction of the interface bond energy. Analysis of full junction models shows cooperative effects that go beyond the mechanical series inclusion of the second bond in the junction, the spectator bond that does not rupture. Calculations for a series of diaminoalkanes as a function of molecule length indicate that the most important cooperative effect is due to the interactions between the dipoles induced by the donor-acceptor bond formation at the junction interfaces. The force extension characteristic of longer molecules such as diaminooctane, where the dipole interaction effects drop to a negligible level, accurately fit to the renormalized single-bond potential form. The results suggest that measured force extension characteristics for single molecule junctions could be analyzed with a modified potential form that accounts for the energy stored in deformable mechanical components in series.
Low vibration laboratory with a single-stage vibration isolation for microscopy applications
Authors: Voigtländer Bert , Coenen Peter , Cherepanov Vasily , Borgens Peter , Duden Thomas , Tautz F. Stefan
Published: February 2017

The construction and the vibrational performance of a low vibration laboratory for microscopy applications comprising a 100 ton floating foundation supported by passive pneumatic isolators (air springs), which rest themselves on a 200 ton solid base plate, are discussed. The optimization of the air spring system leads to a vibration level on the floating floor below that induced by an acceleration of 10 ng for most frequencies. Additional acoustic and electromagnetic isolation is accomplished by a room-in-room concept.
From dull to shiny: A novel setup for reflectance difference analysis under catalytic conditions
Authors: Onderwaater Willem G. , Taranovskyy Andriy , Bremmer G. Marien , van Baarle Gertjan C. , Frenken Joost W. M. , Groot Irene M. N.
Published: February 2017

We have developed an experimental setup for optically monitoring a catalytically active surface under reaction conditions. A flow reactor with optical access allows us to image the behavior of an active catalyst surface down to the millimeter length scale. We use reflectance difference measurements with 625 nm light to investigate CO oxidation on Pd(100) at 300 mbar and 320 °C. We conclude that the changes in visible contrast result from the formation of an oxide layer after surface oxidation.
Reverse Monte Carlo modeling of liquid water with the explicit use of the SPC/E interatomic potential
Authors: Pethes Ildikó , Pusztai László
Published: February 2017

Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of liquid water, based on one neutron and one X-ray diffraction data set, applying also the most popular interatomic potential for water, extended simple point charge (SPC/E), has been performed. The strictly rigid geometry of SPC/E water molecules had to be loosened somewhat, in order to be able to produce a good fit to both sets of experimental data. In the final particle configurations, regularly shaped water molecules and straight hydrogen bonding angles were found to be consistent with diffraction results. It has been demonstrated that the explicit use of interatomic potentials in RMC has a role to play in future structural modeling of water and aqueous solutions.
Uniaxial-stress tuned large magnetic-shape-memory effect in Ni-Co-Mn-Sb Heusler alloys
Authors: Salazar Mejía C. , Küchler R. , Nayak A. K. , Felser C. , Nicklas M.
Published: February 2017

Combined strain and magnetization measurements on the Heusler shape-memory alloys Ni45Co5Mn38Sb12 and Ni44Co6Mn38Sb12 give evidence for strong magneto-structural coupling. The sample length changes up to 1% at the martensitic transformation, between a ferromagnetic, austenitic phase at high temperatures and a weakly magnetic, low-symmetry martensitic phase at lower temperatures. Under moderate uniaxial stress, the change in the sample length increases to and saturates at about 3%, pointing to stabilization of a single martensitic variant. A reverse martensitic transformation can also be induced by applying magnetic field: we find that within the temperature range of thermal hysteresis of the martensitic transformation, applying a field can induce a metastable expansion of the sample, while at slightly lower temperatures, the field response is reversible. These findings provide key information for future use of Ni(Co)-Mn-Sb-based Heusler compounds in, e.g., actuators and mechanical switches.
Magnetization of YBCO film with ac travelling magnetic waves of relatively short wavelengths
Authors: Wang Wei , Coombs Tim
Published: February 2017

The magnetizations of the YBCO film with ac travelling magnetic waves of relatively short wavelengths were studied. The results have verified that the reported “intermediate value” of the superconducting current density [Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(3), 032602 (2014)] was caused by the existence of multiple transition regions in the sample: the magnetic poles induce ±JC in the pole regions, which produces two transition regions within each wavelength λ (+JC→−JC→+JC, and vice versa, while the symbol → indicates the transition region). The current densities in the transition region are with intermediate values, which are smaller than the critical value. In case of relatively short wavelength, there are multiple transition regions, which occupy a large fraction of the YBCO sample with intermediate current values. Moreover, the wavelike current distributions might help explain the flux transportation and dc output voltage in HTS flux pump.
Giant interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO/CoFe/capping layer structures
Authors: Peng Shouzhong , Zhao Weisheng , Qiao Junfeng , Su Li , Zhou Jiaqi , Yang Hongxin , Zhang Qianfan , Zhang Youguang , Grezes Cecile , Amiri Pedram Khalili , Wang Kang L.
Published: February 2017

Magnetic tunnel junction based on the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structures is of great interest due to its application in the spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM). Large interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is required to achieve high thermal stability. Here, we use the first-principles calculations to investigate the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of the MgO/CoFe/capping layer structures, where the capping materials include 5d metals Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au and 6p metals Tl, Pb, and Bi. We demonstrate that it is feasible to enhance PMA by using proper capping materials. Relatively large PMA is found in the structures with the capping materials of Hf, Ta, Os, Ir, and Pb. More importantly, the MgO/CoFe/Bi structure gives rise to giant PMA (6.09 mJ/m2), which is about three times larger than that of the MgO/CoFe/Ta structure. The origin of the MAE is elucidated by examining the contributions to MAE from each atomic layer and orbital. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the PMA and point towards the possibility to achieve the advanced-node STT-MRAM with high thermal stability.
Distributed angular double-slit interference with pseudo-thermal light
Authors: Gao Lu , Hashemi Rafsanjani Seyed Mohammad , Zhou Yiyu , Yang Zhe , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. , Mirhosseini Mohammad , Zhao Jiapeng , Gao Boshen , Boyd Robert W.
Published: February 2017

We propose and perform an interference experiment involving a distributed angular double-slit and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) correlations of thermal light. In the experiment, two spatially separated angular apertures are placed in two correlated light beams generated by splitting the thermal light beam via a beam splitter. The superposition of the two spatially separated slits constitutes an angular double-slit in two-photon measurements. The angular interference pattern of the distributed double-slit is measured even though each beam interacts with a different part of the object. This scheme allows us to discriminate among different angular amplitude objects using a classical incoherent light source. This procedure has potential applications in remote sensing or optical metrology in the OAM domain.
Coexistence of tunneling magnetoresistance and Josephson effects in SFIFS junctions
Authors: Vávra O. , Soni R. , Petraru A. , Himmel N. , Vávra I. , Fabian J. , Kohlstedt H. , Strunk Ch.
Published: February 2017

We demonstrate an integration of tunneling magnetoresistance and the Josephson effects within one tunneling junction. Several sets of Nb-Fe-Al-Al2O3-Fe-Nb wafers with varying Al and Fe layers thickness were prepared to systematically explore the competition of TMR and Josephson effects. A coexistence of the critical current IC(dFe) and the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio T M R(dFe) is observed for iron layer dFe thickness range 1.9 and 2.9 nm. Further optimization such as thinner Al2O3 layer leads to an enhancement of the critical current and thus to an extension of the coexistence regime up to dFe≃3.9 nm Fe.
Use of internal teat sealant in heifers reduces mastitis and may affect milk production
Authors: Robertson B. G. , Williamson J. H. , Kuhn-Sherlock B. , Lacy-Hulbert S. J. , Turner S.-A.
Published: February 2017

Mastitis in heifers is costly, affecting milk quality and reducing milk production throughout the first lactation. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of internal teat sealants (ITS) on mastitis in heifers, but there appear to be no reports on the subsequent effects on milk quality and production. The consequences of using ITS before calving were examined in a retrospective study in which two cohorts of primiparous heifers (n = 189), treated with an ITS precalving, were compared with four cohorts when ITS was not used (n = 287), using detailed bacteriology and herd-test production data in a DairyNZ research herd. In years when ITS was used, fewer (P < 0.001) heifers were detected with an intramammary infection at the first milking after calving, and fewer (P < 0.001) cases of clinical mastitis were detected in the first 30 days of lactation, than in years when ITS was not used. During the first 8 weeks of lactation, heifers treated with ITS had a lower (P < 0.0001) somatic cell count and produced 49 kg more milk (P < 0.05) and 5 kg more milksolids (P < 0.001) than did non-treated counterparts. These positive benefits associated with use of ITS provide sufficient evidence to justify further investigation in the form of a prospective controlled study.
Mooted extinction of koalas at Eden: improving the information base
Authors: Jurskis Vic
Published: February 2017

A report in Wildlife Research, that koalas are extinct in most of the Eden region as a result of climate change, logging and clearing, is mistaken. Its recommendation, that logging should cease in a climate refuge where, supposedly, the last koalas persist, has been adopted by Government. Koalas are unlikely to benefit. It would be better to conduct radio-tracking studies of koalas in this area and in the wider region to inform their future management.
Essential role of immobilized chemokine CXCL12 in the regulation of the humoral immune response
Authors: Barinov Aleksandr , Luo Lingjie , Gasse Pamela , Meas-Yedid Vannary , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Arenzana-Seisdedos Fernando , Vieira Paulo
Published: February 2017

Significance

High-affinity antibodies confer protective immunity against external antigens and are generated during germinal center (GC) reactions when B-lymphocytes, migrating between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) of the GC, accumulate mutations in their immunoglobulin genes and are selected for high affinity to antigen. B cells move between DZ and LZ, guided by gradients of CXCL12 and CXCL13 chemokines. We show that immobilized CXCL12 is essential for the correct positioning of B-lymphocytes during the GC reaction and for the production of high-affinity antibodies. Our results provide fundamental insights into the role of surface-immobilized chemokines, molecules that regulate the migration of many cell types, thus controlling homeostasis in multiple tissues.
Origin of microbial biomineralization and magnetotaxis during the Archean
Authors: Lin Wei , Paterson Greig A. , Zhu Qiyun , Wang Yinzhao , Kopylova Evguenia , Li Ying , Knight Rob , Bazylinski Dennis A. , Zhu Rixiang , Kirschvink Joseph L. , Pan Yongxin
Published: February 2017

Significance

A wide range of organisms sense Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. For some organisms, like magnetotactic bacteria, magnetic particles form inside cells and act like a compass. However, the origin of magnetotactic behavior remains a mystery. We report that magnetotaxis evolved in bacteria during the Archean, before or near the divergence between the
Nitrospirae
and
Proteobacteria
phyla, suggesting that magnetotactic bacteria are one of the earliest magnetic-sensing and biomineralizing organisms on Earth. The early origin for magnetotaxis would have provided evolutionary advantages in coping with environmental challenges faced by microorganisms on early Earth. The persistence of magnetotaxis in separate lineages implies the temporal continuity of geomagnetic field, and this biological evidence provides a constraint on the evolution of the geodynamo.
Senescent cells expose and secrete an oxidized form of membrane-bound vimentin as revealed by a natural polyreactive antibody
Authors: Frescas David , Roux Christelle M. , Aygun-Sunar Semra , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Krasnov Peter , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Strom Evguenia , Virtuoso Lauren P. , Wrobel Michelle , Osterman Andrei L. , Antoch Marina P. , Mett Vadim , Chernova Olga B. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: February 2017

Significance

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of senescence and the consequences related to the accumulation of senescent cells is a major focus of ongoing research. Our report shows that senescent cells express a form of oxidized vimentin on their cell surface and that oxidized vimentin is secreted into the blood of senescence-prone senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Given the growing evidence that oxidized proteins are involved in the development of human diseases, the detection and monitoring of secreted proteins like malondialdehyde-modified vimentin is certain to become a vital and noninvasive biomarker for studying senescence and monitoring age-related illnesses.
Carbon isotope evidence for a northern source of deep water in the glacial western North Atlantic
Authors: Keigwin Lloyd D. , Swift Stephen A.
Published: February 2017

Significance

Understanding glacial ocean circulation is tied to understanding heat transport in the North Atlantic, growth and maintenance of ice sheets, and atmospheric CO
2
content. The proxy data are sparse, but, for decades, it has been thought that the North Atlantic did not produce deep water during the Last Glacial Maximum, unlike today. New C isotope results from a core at 5 km in the western North Atlantic indicate a young, glacial deep water may have been formed in the surface Labrador Sea by freezing and brine rejection. These data call for a revised circulation scheme where southern source water centered at 4.2 km would have been sandwiched between glacial North Atlantic intermediate water and the new dense bottom water.
Investigations of human myosin VI targeting using optogenetically controlled cargo loading
Authors: French Alexander R. , Sosnick Tobin R. , Rock Ronald S.
Published: February 2017

Significance

Myosins are a broad class of motor proteins that generate force on actin filaments and fulfill contractile, transport, and anchoring roles. Myosin VI, the only myosin to walk toward the pointed end of actin filaments, is implicated in cancer metastasis and deafness. Intriguingly, myosin VI may play both transport and anchoring roles, depending on where it is activated in the cell. Here we develop an optogenetic tool for studying myosin VI activation with high spatial and temporal resolution. Our approach photoactivates unmodified myosin VI through its native cargo pathway, enabling investigation of motor function and activation partners with minimal perturbation. This approach allows us to detect how and where myosin VI integrates multiple protein and second messenger signals to activate.