bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral lumbar interbody fusion at L4-L5 has a low rate of complications in appropriately selected patients when using a standardized surgical technique
Authors: Buckland Aaron J. , Huynh Nam V. , Menezes Cristiano M. , Cheng Ivan , Kwon Brian , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Braly Brett A. , Thomas J. A.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to reassess the rate of neurological, psoas-related, and abdominal complications associated with L4-L5 lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) undertaken using a standardized preoperative assessment and surgical technique.

Methods

This was a multicentre retrospective study involving consecutively enrolled patients who underwent L4-L5 LLIF by seven surgeons at seven institutions in three countries over a five-year period. The demographic details of the patients and the details of the surgery, reoperations and complications, including femoral and non-femoral neuropraxia, thigh pain, weakness of hip flexion, and abdominal complications, were analyzed. Neurological and psoas-related complications attributed to LLIF or posterior instrumentation and persistent symptoms were recorded at one year postoperatively.

Results

A total of 517 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 65.0 years (SD 10.3) and their mean BMI was 29.2 kg/m2 (SD 5.5). A mean of 1.2 levels (SD 0.6) were fused with LLIF, and a mean of 1.6 (SD 0.9) posterior levels were fused. Femoral neuropraxia occurred in six patients (1.2%), of which four (0.8%) were LLIF-related and two (0.4%) had persistent symptoms one year postoperatively. Non-femoral neuropraxia occurred in nine patients (1.8%), one (0.2%) was LLIF-related and five (1.0%) were persistent at one year. All LLIF-related neuropraxias resolved by one year. A total of 32 patients (6.2%) had thigh pain, 31 (6.0%) were LLIF-related and three (0.6%) were persistent at one year. Weakness of hip flexion occurred in 14 patients (2.7%), of which eight (1.6%) were LLIF-related and three (0.6%) were persistent at one year. No patients had bowel injury, three (0.6%) had an intraoperative vascular injury (not LLIF-related), and five (1.0%) had ileus. Reoperations occurred in five patients (1.0%) within 30 days, 37 (7.2%) within 90 days, and 41 (7.9%) within one year postoperatively.

Conclusion

LLIF involving the L4-L5 disc level has a low rate of persistent neurological, psoas-related, and abdominal complications in patients with the appropriate indications and using a standardized surgical technique.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):53–61.
Survival and risk assessment in revision arthroplasty of the ankle
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Peterhans Ursina-Sarah , Susdorf Roman , Horn Lang Tamara , Ruiz Roxa , Kvarda Peter
Published: January 2024

Aims

Implant failure has become more common as the number of primary total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) performed has increased. Although revision arthroplasty has gained attention for functional preservation, the long-term results remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of revision TAA using a mobile-bearing prosthesis in a considerably large cohort; the risk factors for failure were also determined.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 116 patients (117 ankles) who underwent revision TAA for failed primary TAA between July 2000 and March 2010. Survival analysis and risk factor assessment were performed, and clinical performance and patient satisfaction were evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up.

Results

The mean duration from initial revision TAA to last follow-up was 15.0 years (SD 3.0; 11.2 to 20.5). The cumulative survival rates of the revised ankles were 81% (95% confidence interval (CI) 74% to 88%), 74% (65% to 82%), and 70% (61% to 79%) at five, ten, and 15 years, respectively. Comorbidities prior to primary TAA, aseptic loosening, instability, or grafting of cysts were found to be the most common risk factors for secondary revision. The median value for preoperative pain, as assessed using the visual analogue scale, declined from 6 (interquartile range (IQR) 5 to 8) to 2 (IQR 0 to 5) (p < 0.001) and the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score improved from 43 (SD 17) preoperatively to 70 (SD 20) (p < 0.001) at last follow-up.

Conclusion

Revision TAA offers acceptable survival rates after 15 years; it therefore offers a valuable option for treatment of implant failure in carefully selected cases. Although patient-reported outcomes improve substantially, the degree of improvement reported following primary TAA is not achieved.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):46–52.
Poor adherence to national guidance in the management of patients with metastatic bone disease
Authors: Stevenson Jonathan , Cool Paul , Ashford Robert
Published: January 2024

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):6–8.
Effects of the Percutaneous Carbon Dioxide Therapy on Post-surgical and Post-traumatic Hematoma, Edema and Pain
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,, Ratano Salvatore , Jovanovic Biljana ,   Private Practice, Center of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinique Bois-Cerf, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland., Ouabo Eric Choudja ,   Private Practice, Center of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinique Bois-Cerf, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Carbon dioxide therapy (CDT) has been used since the Roman Empire to improve the microcirculation and oxygenation of tissues altered. The classical indications are vasculopathies and ischemic diseases. Hypothesis: The CDT could be effective in favoring joint mobility recovery and pain reduction in patients with post-surgical or post-traumatic hematoma, edema, and pain. Study Design: Case report. Materials and Methods: Eight patients were treated once a day for 5–10 days; a single session lasted 50 min. For post-surgical cases, the treatment began the day or the day after they were discharged from the hospital. Results: For all patients in this series, the CDT has brought clinical benefits in terms of decreasing pain and improving of joint mobility. Conclusion: The CDT is a safe and effective treatment to provide a greater amount of oxygen to the injured tissues. It favors the healing of post-surgical and post-traumatic hematoma and edema, promoting the mobility recovery of patients. Keywords: Carbon dioxide therapy, hematoma, edema, pain, mobility recovery, case report.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty in Young Patients – An 8-Year Follow-up Case Series
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Kandivali, Mumbai, India., Wagh Aniket , Tandel Jignesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Kandivali, Mumbai, India., Jagtap Kapil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Kandivali, Mumbai, India., Kantharia Sanjay ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Kandivali, Mumbai, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Certain elbow pathologies can give rise to considerable loss of joint function, which would severely affect the daily living activities of the patients. Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) can be a safe and reasonable motion-preserving and pain-relieving option in such debilitating elbow conditions. The aim of this case series is to evaluate the functional outcome of TEA in young patients with four different indications after an 8-year follow-up. Case Report: We report a case series of four TEA cases done for different indications, namely rheumatoid arthritis, chronic elbow dislocation, post-traumatic elbow ankylosis, and failed primary total elbow replacement, all in relatively young patients. All patients were given a semi-constrained Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis using a posterior Bryan–Morrey approach. The cases were done during the years 2013–2014. Eight-year follow-up of each case showed excellent functional outcome and persistent pain relief with a high Mayo Elbow Performance Score. All the patients have given written consent for publishing this article. Conclusion: Despite being uncommon, total elbow replacement can be the choice of surgery for certain elbow affections, giving satisfactory functional recovery and good pain relief, even in a younger population. Keywords: Total elbow arthroplasty, replacement, elbow, rheumatoid arthritis, mayo elbow performance score.
Can “Aseptic” Looking TIBIA Non-union be Result of an Unrecognized Subclinical Infection?
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Wagh Aniket , Tandel Jignesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Ballyapally Deepak ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Jagtap Kapil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Bharadwaj Bharath ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The usual cause of a distal tibial fracture is a high-energy trauma. Although multiple options are available for their treatment such as intramedullary nailing, open plating, and external fixator, each of these options might result in a non-union. Knowing the type of non-union not only allows us to guess the cause but also directs us toward the best possible treatment. Despite this, we might still get surprises on the operating table due to pre-operative misdiagnosis. Case Report: Reporting a case of a 42-year-old male with a 15-month-old left distal tibia non-union. The index injury was a grade 1 distal third tibia fibula fracture which was fixed with a plate and screws 15 months back. All the clinical and biochemical signs hinted toward the diagnosis of an aseptic non-union and the treatment was planned accordingly. However, intraoperative findings were much different due to which the surgeons had to improvise and change the intervention to an antibiotic-coated nail. Conclusion: Although each variety of non-union has its set of signs and symptoms, they can be misleading. Different etiologies can coexist making it difficult to give a perfect pre-operative diagnosis and management. Non-unions, especially in the tibia, thus need meticulous understanding of the underlying disease process and extensive treatment strategies. Keywords: Aseptic, non-union, septic, distal tibia, antibiotic-coated nail, subclinical infection.
IAML Deutschland zu Gast in Augsburg
Authors: Wuthe Cortina
Published: January 2024

Cortina Wuthe, Vizepräsidentin der IAML Deutschland e. V., im Namen des Vorstands, arbeitet im Musikbereich der Ingeborg-Drewitz-Bibliothek der Stadtbiblio- thek Steglitz-Zehlendorf von Berlin.
Typické znaky dopravních nehod, jejichž přispívajícím faktorem byla únava
Authors: Malinková Tereza , Sedláčková Martina , Rak Martin , Zůvala Robert
Published: January 2024

Tento článek se zabývá dopravními nehodami, kde byla únava nebo mikrospánek mezi přispívajícími faktory.
Dopravní nehody spojené s únavou a mikrospánkem patří mezi nejzávažnější vzhledem k vysoké míře těžkých a smrtelných zranění. V rámci Hloubkové analýzy dopravních nehod bylo zjištěno, že přibližně třetina incidentů s účastí únavy končí zraněním této závažnosti, což převyšuje úroveň zranění při nehodách způsobených jinými faktory, například nepřiměřenou rychlostí nebo nedáním přednosti.
Vznik únavy během řízení vozidla je ovlivněn řadou faktorů, včetně pohlaví a věku řidiče, kvality spánku, cirkadiánního rytmu a dalších proměnných. Studie ukazují, že muži, zejména mladí, jsou náchylnější k únavě za volantem. Kvalita a délka spánku, spánková deprivace a různé části dne se rovněž identifikují jako klíčové faktory ovlivňující riziko dopravních nehod s únavou. Dlouhá monotónní jízda zvyšuje riziko únavy, což může vysvětlovat častější výskyt dopravních nehod spojených s únavou na vysokorychlostních silnicích a dálnicích. Po takových nehodách je často problematické identifikovat konkrétní příčinu, což vede k potřebě zkoumání rizikových faktorů a typických znaků nehodového děje.
V rámci projektu Hloubkové analýzy dopravních nehod (HADN) řešeného Centrem dopravního výzkumu je od roku 2011 prováděn detailní sběr dat o dopravních nehodách se zraněním. Toto šetření se zaměřuje na soustavu člověk – vozidlo – infrastruktura a probíhá přímo na místě dopravní nehody, s cílem získat co nejkomplexnější obraz o události a jejich příčinách.
Z uvedené databáze byly vybrány a blíže zkoumány nehody, kde únava hrála roli, a byly identifikovány typické znaky těchto nehod. Mezi ně mimo jiné patří monotónnost trasy, plynulé vyjetí mimo jízdní pruh, čelní střety a vyjetí z vozovky. Studie rovněž potvrdila, že řidiči postižení únavou reagují před střetem minimálně (pouze ve 22 %), naopak jejich kolizní oponenti se snaží kolizi zabránit ve více než 70 % případů. Dále bylo zjištěno, že četnost čelních střetů u dopravních nehod s únavou je o 20 % vyšší, a střetová rychlost vozidel ve 58 % případů přesahuje 50 km/h.
Analyzována byla i časová a prostorová distribuce těchto nehod. Nejkritičtější časy pro vznik dopravních nehod s únavou se shodují s cirkadiánním rytmem a souvisejí s pracovními časy řidičů, přičemž vyšší riziko únavy bylo spojeno s delší ujetou vzdáleností a letními měsíci. Závěry z HADN potvrzují i rizikovost komunikací I. třídy a potřebu zaměření preventivních opatření na mladé řidiče.
Úvod do dokumentace vozidel pomocí mobilního telefonu
Authors: Mikulec Roman
Published: January 2024

Úvod

Řada současných generací mobilních telefonů je vybavena fotoaparáty s vysokým rozlišením a senzory, které jsou schopny zaznamenat vzdálenost od objektů. Výpočetní výkon těchto zařízení pak umožňuje zpracování takto získaných dat pro vytvoření 3D modelů, přičemž dokumentaci lze provést i na větších objektech, jako jsou vozidla. Řada mobilních aplikací těchto možností využívá a je prezentována jako vhodná i pro forenzní dokumentaci, například při dokumentaci poškození vozidel, nebo místa dopravní nehody. Je však stále otázkou, s jakou přesností lze tyto aplikace využít a jaké jsou jejich limitace.

Podklady a metody

Pro posouzení přesnosti dokumentace mobilním telefonem bylo provedeno naskenování vozidla pomocí laserového 3D skeneru Leica RTC360. Tento sken vozidla sloužil jako reference, ke které byla přirovnána dokumentace z mobilního zařízení. Pro porovnání byla zvolena mobilní aplikace Recon3D, která je jednou z aplikací, prezentovaných pro forenzní dokumentaci, a jejímž výstupem je mračno bodů. Pro porovnání měření byl využit program CoudCompare, ve kterém bylo provedení vzdálenosti mezi dvěma zvolenými body u obou metod dokumentace a rovněž porovnání mračna bodů, získaného mobilním zařízením (Apple iPhone 15 Pro) s mračnem bodů, získaným laserovým skenerem.

Výsledky

Z porovnání obou metod měření vyplývá, že od poměrně přesné dokumentace vozidla laserovým 3D skenerem (s přesností měření v řádu mm) dosahuje měření s využitím mobilních telefonů, resp. mobilních aplikací odchylky, pohybující se do cca 2 cm. Nelze vyloučit, že část nepřesnosti byla způsobena uživatelskou chybou při získání dat a že celková přesnost by mohla být navýšena při použití slícovacích terčů, které lze použít pro kalibraci měřítka.

Závěr

Na základě provedeného testování mobilní aplikace Recon3D pro 3D dokumentaci vozidla bylo dosaženo poměrně dobré přesnosti měření, která by byla dostatečná v rámci analýzy dopravních nehod při stanovení deformační energie na základě rozsahu deformace vozidla, nebo při dokumentaci konečné polohy vozidla. Ve výzkumu však bude nezbytné provést řadu další testů pro prověření více aplikací (i mobilních zařízení) a také pro stanovení jejich přesnosti měření, limitací a optimálního postupu dokumentace, který zajistí možnost získat maximum dat s minimální chybovostí.
Změny předpisů pro oceňování věcí nemovitých od 1. ledna 2024
Authors: Bradáč Albert , Polák Petr
Published: January 2024

V článku jsou uvedeny a komentovány hlavní změny v oceňování nemovitostí, které přináší novela oceňovací vyhlášky k 1. lednu 2024.
An open-source parallel gripper with an embedded soft skin fingertip sensor
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Pratama Rian Putra , Mahendra Oka , Munandar Aris , Baskoro Catur Hilman Adritya Haryo Bhakti , Muhtadin Muhtadin , Iskandar Abdullah
Published: January 2024

The demand for implementing robots into our daily lives has surged in recent years, necessitating safe grasping for effective interaction with the environment. However, a majority of researchers rely on commercial grippers for their experimental studies, which are typically expensive and not accessible to everyone. Despite the existence of open-source designs, the assembly process is often challenging and requires modifications to enhance secure grasping. This paper presents a simple, compact, and low-cost gripper to offer an accessible and readily deployable solution for research and education. The gripper utilizes a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, minimizing the number of components and incorporating off-the-shelf parts for straightforward assembly. Furthermore, to enhance its capabilities, the proposed gripper implements a soft skin tactile sensor on its fingertips. These sensors offer three-directional measurements using Hall effect sensing and embedded silicone. By controlling fingertip force based on information from the tactile sensors, the gripper achieves safe grasping. The gripper is evaluated to grasp daily life objects with different properties such as shapes, sizes, and levels of deformability. Evaluation results showcase the gripper's versatility, enabling it to securely grasp various objects, including fragile items. This outcome underscores the gripper's effectiveness, versatility, and safety in practical use.
Implementation of modified trapezoidal commutation scheme for speed control of 1 kW BLDC motor
Authors: Sholihah Ratih Mar'atus , Fahrul Fahrul , Kurniawan Adhika , Mahmudi Irwan
Published: January 2024

The commutation process in brushless DC (BLDC) motors is done electrically and depends on the rotor position feedback. The Six-Step method is the most commonly used method in BLDC control, as it is easy to implement. However, this method has a high root mean square (RMS) current. On the other hand, a perfect sinusoidal commutation method is very complicated. Therefore, this research proposes a simple modified scheme of trapezoidal commutation circuits that can produce sinusoidal BLDC output voltage. This circuit can still responsively control the speed of the BLDC motor. This scheme uses 2 Arduinos. Pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from Arduino2 is then combined with hall signals from Arduino1, resulting in six outputs which are modified electrical commutation signals. This commutation signal is used as a MOSFET controller in a 3-phase inverter to produce a sinusoidal waveform. The average efficiency obtained when implementing the commutation is 75 % at low and high speeds.
Characteristics of common code conducted emission of multi-boost converters
Authors: Sudrajat Muhammad Imam , Nuvus Afiva Riyatun , Mandaris Dwi
Published: January 2024

One of the primary challenges faced when utilizing power converters such as a DC boost converter is electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues, one of which is common-mode (CM) noise. In order to mitigate the unwanted EMI from converters and design proper EMI filters, it is imperative to possess comprehensive insight into the characteristics of CM noise generated from the converters. This study presents the investigation regarding the characteristic of CM noise emitted by multi-boost converters when operated under varying duty cycle conditions. The research was conducted by measuring and analyzing the CM noise generated by three identical boost converters arranged in a parallel configuration. The result shows that the amplitude of each harmonic of CM noise generated by the multi-boost converters is 5 dB to 10 dB higher than CM noise from a single-boost converter. This is due to each converter being configured in the same conditions, producing a constructive interaction of the generated CM noise. Moreover, the duty cycle of pulse-width modulation (PWM) has a strong influence on the characteristic of the amplitude of each harmonic frequency. It is proven by the amplitude pattern of each harmonic of CM noise. Under duty cycle variations, the converters generate similar peaks and valley amplitude patterns as the Fourier transformation of the trapezoidal waveform used in the PWM setting.
Enhancing efficiency of magnetic energy by implementing square-shaped materials adjacent to induction machine windings
Authors: Habibi Muhammad Afnan , Mustika Soraya Norma , Aripriharta Aripriharta , Che Ani Adi Izhar
Published: January 2024

This study provides a worthwhile method for increasing the magnetic field energy and induction machine (IM) effectiveness. The coupling between the transmitter and receiver windings in the IM system can be improved by creating materials with specific electromagnetic properties. This added material has altered the magnetic flow as well as the energy of the magnetic field. Eventually, it is possible to calculate the efficiency of the magnetic field, or the ratio of primary to secondary magnetic energy. With the use of two-dimensional finite element analysis, numerical results on five cases with various configurations of a magnetic substance have been produced. This material, which varies in length or breadth, is positioned close to the windings of the transmitter, receiver, or both. Case 3, in which the transmitter generates a magnetic field on the receiver side with a minimum energy of 0.05 J and a maximum energy of 0.015 J, is the ideal material configuration for DC current. Currently, the system efficiency is 0.29 on average. A 1 kHz transmitter's energy is constant under all conditions, but its counterpart's energy fluctuates significantly, with case 5 receiving the most energy. Therefore, case 5 turns into the optimal structural arrangement. It can be inferred that case 5 similarly dominates the other with an efficiency of 0.0026, which is much greater than that of 1 kHz efficiency, while the windings are operating at 1 MHz. This leads to stronger magnetic field coupling and increased power transfer effectiveness.
Optimization of load frequency control using grey wolf optimizer in micro hydro power plants
Authors: Novendra Irvandy Ilza , Wirawan I Made , Kusumawardana Arya , Latt Aung Ko
Published: January 2024

Micro hydro power plants (MHPP) is one of the renewable energy that can be utilized as a distributed generation with controllable power output. One common issue in MHPP systems is the non-constant rotation of the generator caused by load fluctuations. This instability leads to variable frequencies, which can potentially harm electrical equipment. To address this problem, the volume of water entering through the governor can be adjusted to synchronize the turbine and generator rotation with the load. This approach helps dampen frequency oscillations and ensures that the system operates within desired limits. Therefore, there is a need for technology that can enhance the performance of micro hydro power plant units, specifically load frequency control (LFC). This research proposes the application of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm to optimize the PID controller parameters for MHPP LFC. MHPP has been modeled in both isolated and grid-connected modes using Simulink MATLAB R2020a. The best cost function value for an isolated mode system was obtained with ISEim, yielding a value of 0.067653, while for a grid-connected mode system, it was achieved with ISEgm, with a value of 0.015861. The results of the frequency deviation response performance of the LFC using GWO indicate that the fastest settling time was achieved with the cost function ITAEim in isolated mode, and with IAEgm in grid-connected mode. The cost function that produces the smallest peak overshoot and peak undershoot parameter values varied depending on changes in the system load.
Distracted driver behavior recognition using modified capsule networks
Authors: Kadar Jimmy Abdel , Dewi Margareta Aprilia Kusuma , Suryawati Endang , Heryana Ana , Zilfan Vicky , Kusumo Budiarianto Suryo , Yuwana Raden Sandra , Supianto Ahmad Afif , Pratiwi Hasih , Pardede Hilman Ferdinandus
Published: January 2024

Human activity recognition (HAR) is an increasingly active study field within the computer vision community. In HAR, driver behavior can be detected to ensure safe travel. Detect driver behaviors using a capsule network with leave-one-subject-out validation. The study was done using CapsNet with leave-one-subject-out validation to identify driving habits. The proposed method in this study consists of two parts, namely encoder and decoder. The encoder used in this study modifies Sabour’s capsule network architecture by adding a convolution layer before going to the primary capsule layer. The proposed method is evaluated using a primary dataset with 10 classes and 300 images for each class. The dataset is split based on hold-out validation and leave-one-subject-out validation. The resulting models were then compared to conventional CNN architecture. The objective of the research is to identify driving behavior. In this study, the proposed method results an accuracy rate of 97.83 % in the split dataset using hold-out validation. However, the accuracy decreased by 53.11 % when the proposed method was used on a split dataset using leave-one-subject-out validation. This is because the proposed method extracts all features including the attributes of each participant contained in the input image (user-independent). Thus, the resulting model in this study tends to overfit.
Water quality assessment monitoring system using fuzzy logic and the internet of things
Authors: Fakhrurroja Hanif , Nuryatno Edi Triono , Munandar Aris , Fahmi Muhammad , Mahardiono Novan Agung
Published: January 2024

Water utilization has recently been at its highest level of demand. The water needed to be clean, healthy, and determined to be suitable for consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that can monitor the water quality so thatinformation related to wate r suitability can be received regularly and in real-time. This paper addresses the critical need for real-time water quality monitoring systems. This study proposed a novel approach integrating the Tsukamoto fuzzy algorithm into an internet of things (IoT)-based framework, forming part of the Fuzzy Inference System. Our system serves as a decision support tool, enabling continuous assessment of water quality. The method categorizes water quality into three levels: good, moderate, and unhealthy, providing timely and precise suitability information. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic method in delivering accurate output. Through remotely deployed IoT devices, water suitability and status can be monitored and analyzed in real-time over the internet. This research bridges the gap between traditional water quality assessment methods and the demands of our modern, technology-driven society, ensuring a reliable supply of safe and consumable water.
The influence of battery-powered engine on the reduction of carbon dioxide production from fishing boats
Authors: Octaviani Nilam Sari , Waskito Dwitya Harits , Iskendar Iskendar , Muis Abdul , Fuadi Noor Muhammad Ridha , Muhajirin Muhajirin , Palebangan Hendra , Ismoyo Kunto , Kartikasari Dewi , Gutami Nanda Itohasi , Ajidarmo Kusno
Published: January 2024

Several technologies are currently being applied in the maritime industry to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An example is the implementation of an electric propulsion system with a battery charged using a renewable energy source. Meanwhile, it is important to analyze the energy demand and the quantity of emissions reduced in a vessel after installing this system. Therefore, this study focused on analyzing the energy demand and emissions produced on fishing boats, specifically the “Sandeq” fishing boats in West Sulawesi. The primary objective was to quantify the carbon dioxide emissions reduced after the conventional engine of the vessel was replaced with an electric propulsion system. Moreover, the energy demand of the boat was estimated by analyzing the daily speed, length of voyage, and engine capacity. The results showed that six batteries were required to provide the power needed for daily operation. Furthermore, the electric propulsion system was able to reduce CO2 emission by 7.94 tons annually per ship, leading to the reduction of fuel consumption and emission taxes to approximately 10 million Rupiah annually. These results were expected to encourage stakeholders to promote the transition from conventional diesel engines to electric-powered engines.
Terminology of Information (Digital) Law: Semantics, Structure, Legislative Definitions
Authors: Batyushkina Marina
Published: January 2024

Attention is drawn to the conceptual apparatus of laws that regulate the processes of digitalization and the information sphere. The relevance is due to the following factors: insufficient scientific coverage of education issues and the definition of terms in the information (digital) sphere; demand for the results of theoretical understanding of these issues in expert (law enforcement, judicial) practice; problems of using borrowed vocabulary in normative texts. The features of semantics and structure of terms, including word-combination-terms, as well as word complex-terms are considered. The main methods of term formation and changes in the motivating stem are indicated. The grounds, methods and examples of alternative replacement of terms are analyzed. When considering the specifics of legislative definitions, emphasis is placed on the following points: firstly, the functions of the legislative (official) definition of the term; secondly, the conditions for formulating and adequately interpreting the definition; thirdly, frequently used means of formulating definitions, their structural features. In addition, attention is paid to such features as: variability of definitions of one term, duplication of the definition of a term in different legislative texts, coincidence of legislative definitions of different terms. To implement the objectives of the study, the methodology of legal linguistics and expertology is used. Research material: federal laws, as well as model codes and laws developed by CIS Interparliamentary Assembly.
Criticism of Texts of Legislative Acts of the Russian Empire in the Political and Legal Work of N. M. Yadrintsev
Authors: Golovinov Alexandr , Головинова Julia
Published: January 2024

The publication concerns the problem of analysis of some legislative acts of imperial Russia in the political and legal ideology of the regionalists. An attempt has been made to show the diversity of references in the language of the regional doctrine to legislation and legal terms. It is shown that representatives of the Siberian regionalism movement were very selective in their analysis of the texts of legal acts of the Russian Empire, which was due to their interests for specific problems.

The authors found that while theoretically analyzing various government decrees on the proportionality of punishment and reduction of exile, such as Decrees of 1811 and 1821, as well as the Charter of 1822 on exiles, the Siberian thinker assessed the system of punishments as unsatisfactory. The attitude to this type of criminal punishment among legal scholars of the second half of the XIX century was ambiguous.

It is emphasized that the application of progressive views of legal scholars is very often observed in the political and legal ideology of regionalism. For example, N. M. Yadrintsev referred to the provisions of the International Prison Congress of Stockholm.

The authors comes to the conclusion that the textual analysis of the legislation by the regionalists in regard to the penitentiary policy of the state, including the problem of exile and maintenance of convicts, together with references to the doctrine of law, made it possible to comprehensively approach the solution of certain political and legal problems.
Reservations and References in Legislation: Correlation Aspects
Authors: Gerasimenko Julia
Published: January 2024

The article discusses certain aspects of the correlation of norms-reservations and references used in the provisions of legislation. Applying complex general scientific and special research methodology, including: dialectical, comparative legal, and formal legal methods, based on elements of general and special norms-reservations and references in legislation, the author formulates provisions that clarify and develop the doctrine of the specialization of legislation, the legal technique of law-making, as well as proposes a vision of the fundamental basis of the norms-reservations. The reservation is seen as a kind of special legal regulation aimed at regulating specific legal relations. The thesis is argued that interacting with other technical and legal means and methods of legal regulation, primarily legislative references, the norm-reservation often acquires its legal expression. Based on the analysis of legislation, law enforcement practice and legal doctrine, the various functional potential of norms-reservations and legislative references is proved, their significance as means of legal influence is shown. The conclusions expressed by the author expand legal knowledge about the theory of the legal norm, and will also serve as the beginning of a scientific discussion regarding the independent perception of the norm-reservation, and will stimulate further scientific endeavor.
On the Concept of Extremism
Authors: Pechatnova Julia , Starodubtseva Maria , Pinchuk Anton
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of “extremism”. The relevance of the study is predetermined by the importance of the qualitative organization of work to counter extremist activity, while the ambiguity of the meaning put into the concept of “extremism” gives rise to problems of qualifying certain actions (inactions) as extremist. The research methodology includes general methods of scientific research – systemic, logical, historical, as well as special methods, including the formal legal method, which allows for a contextual analysis of the legal meaning of the term “extremism”. An extensive methodology, theoretical and empirical foundations of the study made it possible to compare and generalize various views on the essence of extremism. The authors identify three dimensions in which it is proposed to explore the term under study: philosophical, socio-political, legal. The generalizing signs of extremism are indicated, the main of which is “extremism” in its many manifestations. The problems of type diversity of extremist activity are emphasized, in connection with which, it is concluded that it is impossible to build an exhaustive qualification of types of extremist activity by content. In addition, the article touches upon the problem of the essence of digital extremism as a currently popular social phenomenon on the example of the analysis of recent judicial practice. Finally, the authors come to the conclusion that the difficulties in understanding extremism are predetermined by the fact that the studied phenomenon itself is a complex of contradictions that arise between the individual, society and the state.
Commonplace Interpretation of Legal Utterances (Case Study of a Linguistic Test)
Authors: Shcherbak Julia
Published: January 2024

The article concentrates on solving the problem of commonplace interpretation of fragments of legal texts, the main characteristics of which is the presence of an inevitable multiplicity of interpretation options. The hypothesis of this study was the assumption that average native speakers understand legal statements ambiguously when reading and interpreting them. To obtain the evidence of linguistic consciousness in the ordinary interpretation of legal statements, the method of linguistic test is used; average native speakers of the Russian language (1st and 2nd year students). Through the application of this method, a fundamentally new result was obtained – the strategies of everyday interpretation of legal statements were identified and described: contextually-oriented, contextually-undirected and cognitively-oriented.
К вопросу о лингво-культурологической экспертизе при исследовании аниме
Authors: Ахунзянова Farida , Akhunzianov Egor
Published: January 2024

The authors of the article start from the idea that anime is a special product of the mass media space, which can have a strong and often destructive effect on the psyche of adolescents, becoming a potential or real factor in suicidal behavior in adolescents. In such cases, anime is subject to legal qualification, for the purpose of which various expert studies are carried out – more often psychological, less often linguistic. However, according to the authors of the article, linguistic-cultural examination is called upon to become the optimal tool for an objective study of anime. Within the framework of such a comprehensive study, it is possible not only to establish what exactly is said about the subject of speech, about the attitude towards it, about the purposes of communicating information to the addressee and why something is actually said, but also to explore anime plots from the point of view of social significance, as well as ideological and ideological aspects.

Purpose: reveal the possibilities of linguistic-cultural examination for an objective study of anime products.

Methods: empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic.

Results:

1) an idea of linguistic-cultural examination and its methods is proposed for scientific discussion;

2) the need for linguistic-cultural examination in identifying the destructive mechanisms of influence of anime products is emphasized and illustrated.
Names of Genitals: Nominative Features and Their Functioning in Pornography Narrative
Authors: Zaytseva Olga , Katyshev Pavel
Published: January 2024

The paper deals with the classification of ways of designation genitals in Russian. The theoretical basis is represented by researches on meaning euphemization, the theory of conceptual metaphor and existing classifications of genital vocabulary. The aim of this study is search for classification grounds needed for the systematization of the studied group of words and the description of the lexical ways of designating the genitals in Russian. The material for the study was 120 fragments of pornographic texts containing an explicit description of the consensual and nonconsensual sexual interaction. Based on the lexical-semantic analysis, four ways of nominating the genitals were identified: orthophemistic, euphemistic, dysphemistic and metaphorical ways. Anatomical terms and lexemes of the bookish and colloquial styles were attributed to the orthophemistic way of nomination. The euphemistic way of nominating the genitals included lexemes and lexical combinations which semantically accentuate the sacred status of the genitals or contain reference to their structure, location, physiological features. Euphemization of the studied somatisms was also carried out through the mention of a piece of clothing that covers the genitals or of internal organs of the reproductive system (for female genitals). Lexical constructions in which the genitals were associated with their owner were also attributed to the euphemistic method. The dysphemistic method included lexemes and lexical combinations containing in their semantics indications of the inconsistency of the genitals with the bodily canon, diminutive and augmentative terms, and obscene lexical items. Fourteen metaphorical groups of nominations for male genitalia and fifteen groups of nominations for female genitalia were identified. Four feature concepts that are involved in the formation of the figurative representation of the genitals were found: (1) external similarity, (2) functional characteristics, (3) role in sexual interaction and sexual practices, (4) sociocultural representation.
Indecent Utterance in Law, Linguistics and Forensic Examinations
Authors: Doronina Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The article is a brief overview of the studies of the category of "indecent form of utterance" as the main indication of insult in legal linguistics. The paper shows that insult in its naive-linguistic and linguistic sense, enshrined in the term "invective", is not identical to insult as a legal phenomenon. Linguists involved in  in-depth studies of invectine as it is understood by the provision of law  discagree about two points : correspondence of prohibitive lexicographic tags to the legal definition of "indecent form" and assessment of (in)decency of forms in a particular communicative situation. When “indecent form” is interpretrd widely, all gross violations of speech ethics and institutional communication regulations are seen as subjects of legal liability. With a narrow approach, only explicitly cynical statements forbidden for public use are recognized as indecent. The second approach now has broader support, although among its adepts there is still disagreement about what stylistic coloring - obscene, vulgar, rude, abusive - should be considered "indecent transfer". Currently, methods of expert linguistic research of invective speech acts have been developed. One of the most authoritative of them is presented in the scientific and information manual “Forensic Linguistic Expertise in the Case of the Charges”, developed at the Russian Federal Center for Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Russia; it has been sucessefully used for analisis of speech conflicts for about ten years. Comparative analysis of methods described in  major research papers of the previous decade also demonstrates  inconsistency in the actions of experts from various institurions  concerning indecent wording, which, of course, requires research by the Russian expert community to develop a  uniform approach to the analysis of conflict utterances.
On the Use of the Concept of "Globalism" in the Interpretation of Legal Acts
Authors: Sorokin Vitaly
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the concept of "globalism" from the perspective of its use in law-making and law enforcement activities. The author pays great attention to the use of the concept of "globalism" in the interpretation of legal acts. The interpretation and theoretical characteristics of globalism as an international phenomenon are proposed. When legal systems are oriented towards globalism, law enforcement officers reduce their function to a mechanical correlation of the real legal situation with the articles of normative legal acts. Preference for the letter of the law implies that the law enforcer does not claim the principles of law and categories of morality. A lawyer should, in each case of interpretation of legal acts, discuss the boundaries of legal regulation, the supremacy of the principles of law over the norms, the grounds for the binding force of the norms of law.
The Term "Information" in English-Language Dictionaries
Authors: Volkov Yuri
Published: January 2024

The article covers the study of the issue of the origin and interpretation of the meanings of the term information based on entries in English-language dictionaries. Primary attention is paid to the content of entries in law dictionaries and encyclopedias of English-speaking countries. The issue is part of the problem of etimology and semantics of the term information. The article describes the methodology for selecting sources for analysis, comparative characteristics of sources. Based on the presented dictionary and encyclopedia entries, a conclusion is made about the interpretation of the term information that is typical for English law dictionaries. The results of the study can be used in legislation to clarify the meaning of individual definitions, in legal practice to clarify international documents, in expert activities for the interpretation of legal texts, as well as in the educational process for the training of philologists and lawyers.
On the Concept of Artificial Intelligence and the Basics of its Regulation in International and Russian Law
Authors: Kiryushina Irina , Kovalenko Ekaterina
Published: January 2024

The article covers the study of the issues of the concept of artificial intelligence and certain problematic aspects of the legal regulation of its use. The authors analyze the concept of artificial intelligence in domestic and foreign legislation, foreign and national doctrine. Currently the absence of a single concept of artificial intelligence is caused by both the initial stage of development of the legal regulation of the phenomenon under study, and the lack of its uniform understanding in academic community. The development of a single definition of the concept under study is possible with gaining experience and the regulatory framework in this area. Taking into account the availability and prospects for the creation of various types of intelligent systems, it is proposed to take a differentiated approach to their legal regulation, establishing the appropriate legal regimes. The authors analyze domestic and foreign legislation governing the legal regulation of artificial intelligence and the principles of its use. Among the problematic aspects are the issues of determining artificial intelligence as a legal subject, the peculiarities of liability in case of violation of the rights of parties to civil transactions by activities related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The question of whether artificial intelligence is a legal subject is debatable. Currently, in most legal orders, artificial intelligence systems are not recognized as having consciousness (capable of creating and reproducing subjective decisions). However, the practice of applying the norms of intellectual law has led to the recognition in certain jurisdictions of authorship of the artificial intelligence system. The authors conclude that, when determining the limitations of liability in relations linked to the use of artificial intelligence systems, it is necessary to use both existing legal structures, such as mixed liability in case of joint infliction of harm; liability for harm caused by activities that create an increased danger to others; the responsibility of the manufacturer for the quality of goods (services) to the consumer, and the direct fixing in the current civil legislation of special rules that determine the specifics of liability when using artificial intelligence.