bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From homotopy operads to infinity-operads
Authors: Le Grignou Brice
Published: March 2017

The goal of the present paper is to compare, in a precise way, two approaches of operads up to homotopy which appear in the literature. Namely, we construct a functor from the category of strict unital homotopy colored operads to the category of infinity-operads. The former notion, that we make precise, is the operadic generalization of the notion of A-infinity-categories and the latter notion was defined by Moerdijk–Weiss in order to generalize the simplicial notion of infinity-category of Joyal–Lurie. This functor extends in two directions the simplicial nerve of Faonte–Lurie for A-infinity-categories and the homotopy coherent nerve of Moerdijk–Weiss for differential graded operads; it is also shown to be equivalent to a big nerve à la Lurie for differential graded operads. We prove that it satisfies some homotopy properties with respect to weak equivalences and fibrations; for instance, it is shown to be a right Quillen functor.
Ultrafast lasers and their applications
Authors: Sotor Jaroslaw , Sobon Grzegorz
Published: March 2017

The editors introduce the special issue on "Ultrafast lasers and their applications". It covers topics from ultrashort laser pulses generation using nanomaterials-based saturable absorbers to practical applications of such lasers in spectroscopy, supercontinuum generation and laser micromachining. The issue contains nine papers tightly focused on the main topic and two regular papers.
Roadmap to high-energy square pulses in anomalous dispersion fiber lasers
Authors: Semaan G. , Ben Braham F. , Salhi M. , Sanchez François
Published: March 2017

Dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) is a soliton formation where the energy in a dissipative system becomes infinite. In the anomalous dispersion regime, this energy is not limited by the soliton area theorem. Since this phenomenon is wave breaking free, it can be useful in designing fiber lasers generating pulses with relatively high energies. Based on this principle, we have demonstrated the emission of high energetic square pulses from Er:Yb double-clad passively mode-locked fiber lasers using different mode-locking mechanisms. We first show the evolution of pulse width, energy and peak power by varying the pumping power of the amplifier, then we control separately the characteristic of the output square pulse by assigning each one to an amplifier. Experimental results exhibit record energies in fiber lasers up to 10 uJ. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J.M Soto Crespo and N. Akhmediev, " Dissipative soliton resonances", Phys. Rev. A 78, 023830 (2008). CrossRef P. Grelu, W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, "Dissipative soliton resonance as a guideline for high-energy pulse laser oscillators", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 2336 (2010). CrossRef X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, and L. M. Zhao, "Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normal-dispersion erbium-doped fiber laser", Opt. Express 17, 5580 (2009). CrossRef G. Semaan, F. Ben Braham, M. Salhi, Y. Meng, F. Bahloul, and F. Sanchez, "Generation of high energy square-wave pulses in all anomalous dispersion Er:Yb passive mode locked fiber ring laser", Opt. Express 24, 8399 (2016). CrossRef K. Krzempek, "Dissipative soliton resonances in all-fiber Er-Yb double clad figure-8 laser", Opt. Express 23, 30651 (2015). CrossRef L. Mei et al., "Width and amplitude tunable square-wave pulse in dual-pump passively mode-locked fiber laser", Opt. Lett. 39, 3235 (2014). CrossRef X. Zhang et al., "Square-wave pulse with ultra-wide tuning range in a passively mode-locked fiber laser", Opt. Lett. 37, 1334 (2012). CrossRef K. Krzempek, J. Sotor, and K. Abramski, "Compact all-fiber figure-9 dissipative soliton resonance mode-locked double-clad Er:Yb laser", Opt. Lett. 41, 4995-4998 (2016). CrossRef G. Semaan, F. Ben Braham, J. Fourmont, M. Salhi, F. Bahloul, and F. Sanchez, "10uJ dissipative soliton resonance square pulse in a dual amplifier figure-of-eight double-clad Er:Yb mode-locked fiber laser", Opt. Lett. 41, 4767 (2016). CrossRef K. Krzempek and K. Abramski, "Dissipative soliton resonance mode-locked double clad Er:Yb laser at different values of anomalous dispersion", Opt. Express 24, 22379-22386 (2016). CrossRef
Optimization of femtosecond laser cutting of biodegradable polymer for medical devices manufacturing
Authors: Stepak Bogusz , Antonczak Arkadiusz J. , Abramski Krzysztof M.
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the experimental parameters involved in the femtosecond laser micromachining of biodegradable poly(L-lactide) which is frequently used in biomedical applications such as vascular stents or scaffolds. We investigated the influence of laser pulse energy, scanning strategy and number of overscans on the laser cutting throughput. The process parameters that enable reducing of a heat affected zone were determined. As a result, the optimal scanning strategy was determined in order to obtain high aspect ratio trenches in 380 ?m thick biodegradable polymer sheet. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Jia et al. "Effects of high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser micromachining on the physical and chemical properties of polylactide (PLA)", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef F. Hendricks, R. Patel, and V.V. Matylistsky, "Micromachining of bio-absorbable stents with ultra-short pulse lasers", Proc. SPIE 9355, 935502 (2015). CrossRef W.Y. Yeong et al. "Annealing of Biodegradable Polymer Induced by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining", Adv. Eng. Mater. 4, 12 (2010). CrossRef K. Stolberg et al. "IR and green femtosecond laser machining of heat sensitive materials for medical devices at micrometer scale", Proc. SPIE 8968, 89680E (2014). CrossRef F. Hendricks et al. "High aspect ratio microstructuring of transparent dielectrics using femtosecond laser pulses: method for optimization of the machining throughput", Appl. Phys. A 117, 1 (2014). CrossRef A. Antonczak et al. "Degradation of poly(l-lactide) under CO2 laser treatment above the ablation threshold", Polym. Deg. Stab. 109, 97-105 (2014) CrossRef B. Stepak et al. "The influence of ArF excimer laser micromachining on physicochemical properties of bioresorbable poly(L-lactide)", Proc SPIE 9736, 97361T (2016). CrossRef
The role of traffic emissions in particulate organics and nitrate at a downwind site in the periphery of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Qin Yi Ming , Tan Hao Bo , Li Yong Jie , Schurman Misha I. , Li Fei , Canonaco Francesco , Prévôt André S. H. , Chan Chak K.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) pollution on the peripheries of rapidly expanding megacities in China can be as serious as in the cities due to direct emission and transport of primary PM from cities and effective formation of secondary PM. To investigate the emission and formation of PM on the periphery of Guangzhou (a megacity in southern China), a suite of real-time instruments were deployed at Panyu, downwind of Guangzhou, for PM measurements from November to December 2014. Dominated by organics, PM1 (particles with diameter less than 1 μm) concentrations in Panyu were higher (average ~ 55.4 μg/m3) than those in nearby cities such as Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Five sources for organic aerosols (OA) were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with the multilinear engine (ME-2). These sources are hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), cooking organic aerosol (COA), biomass burning related organic aerosol (BBOA), as well as semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) and low-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (LVOOA). The use of the COA mass spectrum obtained in our earlier study at a urban site in Hong Kong as a constraining factor in ME-2 produced the most interpretable results for the Panyu dataset. Freshly emitted HOA contributed 40 % to the high concentrations of organics at night. The mass concentration of SOA (SVOOA + LVOOA) continuously increased as odd oxygen (Ox = O3 + NO2) increased during daytime, attributable to the secondary production of PM facilitated by photochemistry. The SOA-to-Ox ratio was higher than those reported in previous studies in North America (covering the period from spring to summer), indicating efficient photochemical production of SOA even in late autumn and early winter at this subtropical downwind site. The efficient SOA formation during daytime was likely fueled by the sufficient SOA precursors in the atmosphere. The large input of NOx, which tracked well with HOA from automobile emissions, resulted in the significant formation of nitrate in both daytime and nighttime. Strong correlations between particulate nitrate and excess ammonium ([NH4+]/[SO42−] − 1.5) × [SO42−]) were observed. Higher partitioning of nitrate into the gas phase was found in November than in December, likely due to the lower temperatures in December. Results from this study suggest that there is much room to mitigate the PM pollution in urbanized areas such as Guangzhou, as well as their peripheries, by reductions in traffic-related pollutants.
A new Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy instrument to study atmospheric chemistry from a high-altitude unmanned aircraft
Authors: Stutz Jochen , Werner Bodo , Spolaor Max , Scalone Lisa , Festa James , Tsai Catalina , Cheung Ross , Colosimo Santo F. , Tricoli Ugo , Raecke Rasmus , Hossaini Ryan , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Gao Ru-Shan , Hintsa Eric J. , Elkins James W. , Moore Fred L. , Daube Bruce , Pittman Jasna , Wofsy Steven , Pfeilsticker Klaus
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Observations of atmospheric trace gases in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), tropical tropopause layer (TTL), and lower stratosphere (LS) require dedicated measurement platforms and instrumentation. Here we present a new limb-scanning Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument developed for NASA's Global Hawk (GH) unmanned aerial system and deployed during the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). The mini-DOAS system is designed for automatic operation under unpressurized and unheated conditions at 14–18 km altitude, collecting scattered sunlight in three wavelength windows: UV (301–387 nm), visible (410–525 nm), and near infrared (900–1700 nm). A telescope scanning unit allows selection of a viewing angle around the limb, as well as real-time correction of the aircraft pitch. Due to the high altitude, solar reference spectra are measured using diffusors and direct sunlight. The DOAS approach allows retrieval of slant column densities (SCDs) of O3, O4, NO2, and BrO with relative errors similar to other aircraft DOAS systems. Radiative transfer considerations show that the retrieval of trace gas mixing ratios from the observed SCD based on O4 observations, the most common approach for DOAS measurements, is inadequate for high-altitude observations. This is due to the frequent presence of low-altitude clouds, which shift the sensitivity of the O4 SCD into the lower atmosphere and make it highly dependent on cloud coverage. A newly developed technique that constrains the radiative transfer by comparing in situ and DOAS O3 observations overcomes this issue. Extensive sensitivity calculations show that the novel O3-scaling technique allows the retrieval of BrO and NO2 mixing ratios at high accuracies of 0.5 and 15 ppt, respectively. The BrO and NO2 mixing ratios and vertical profiles observed during ATTREX thus provide new insights into ozone and halogen chemistry in the UT, TTL, and LS.
High-order ionospheric effects on electron density estimation from Fengyun-3C GPS radio occultation
Authors: Li Junhai , Jin Shuanggen
Published: March 2017

Abstract. GPS radio occultation can estimate ionospheric electron density and total electron content (TEC) with high spatial resolution, e.g., China's recent Fengyun-3C GPS radio occultation. However, high-order ionospheric delays are normally ignored. In this paper, the high-order ionospheric effects on electron density estimation from the Fengyun-3C GPS radio occultation data are estimated and investigated using the NeQuick2 ionosphere model and the IGRF12 (International Geomagnetic Reference Field, 12th generation) geomagnetic model. Results show that the high-order ionospheric delays have large effects on electron density estimation with up to 800 el cm−3, which should be corrected in high-precision ionospheric density estimation and applications. The second-order ionospheric effects are more significant, particularly at 250–300 km, while third-order ionospheric effects are much smaller. Furthermore, the high-order ionospheric effects are related to the location, the local time, the radio occultation azimuth and the solar activity. The large high-order ionospheric effects are found in the low-latitude area and in the daytime as well as during strong solar activities. The second-order ionospheric effects have a maximum positive value when the radio occultation azimuth is around 0–20°, and a maximum negative value when the radio occultation azimuth is around −180 to −160°. Moreover, the geomagnetic storm also affects the high-order ionospheric delay, which should be carefully corrected.
Linking canopy reflectance to crop structure and photosynthesis to capture and interpret spatiotemporal dimensions of per-field photosynthetic productivity
Authors: Xue Wei , Jeong Seungtaek , Ko Jonghan , Tenhunen John
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Nitrogen and water availability alter canopy structure and physiology, and thus crop growth, yielding large impacts on ecosystem-regulating/production provisions. However, to date, explicitly quantifying such impacts remains challenging partially due to lack of adequate methodology to capture spatial dimensions of ecosystem changes associated with nitrogen and water effects. A data fitting, where close-range remote-sensing measurements of vegetation indices derived from a handheld instrument and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system are linked to in situ leaf and canopy photosynthetic traits, was applied to capture and interpret inter- and intra-field variations in gross primary productivity (GPP) in lowland rice grown under flooded conditions (paddy rice, PD) subject to three nitrogen application rates and under rainfed conditions (RF) in an East Asian monsoon region of South Korea. Spatial variations (SVs) in both GPP and light use efficiency (LUEcabs) early in the growing season were enlarged by nitrogen addition. The nutritional effects narrowed over time. A shift in planting culture from flooded to rainfed conditions strengthened SVs in GPP and LUEcabs. Intervention of prolonged drought late in the growing season dramatically intensified SVs that were supposed to seasonally decrease. Nevertheless, nitrogen addition effects on SV of LUEcabs at the early growth stage made PD fields exert greater SVs than RF fields. SVs of GPP across PD and RF rice fields were likely related to leaf area index (LAI) development less than to LUEcabs, while numerical analysis suggested that considering strength in LUEcabs and its spatial variation for the same crop type tends to be vital for better evaluation in landscape/regional patterns of ecosystem photosynthetic productivity at critical phenology stages.
Spatially variable soil water repellency enhances soil respiration rates (CO2 efflux)
Authors: Urbanek Emilia , Doerr Stefan H.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Soil CO2 emissions are strongly dependent on water distribution in soil pores, which in turn can be affected by soil water repellency (SWR; hydrophobicity). SWR restricts infiltration and movement of water, affecting soil hydrology as well as biological and chemical processes. Effects of SWR on soil carbon dynamics and specifically on soil respiration (CO2 efflux) have been studied in a few laboratory experiments but they remain poorly understood. Existing studies suggest that soil respiration is reduced in water repellent soils, but the responses of soil CO2 efflux to varying water distribution created by SWR are not yet known. Here we report on the first field-based study that tests whether soil water repellency indeed reduces soil respiration, based on in situ field measurements carried out over three consecutive years at a grassland and pine forest site under the humid temperate climate of the UK. CO2 efflux was reduced on occasions when soil exhibited consistently high SWR and low soil moisture following long dry spells. However, the highest respiration rates occurred not when SWR was absent, but when SWR, and thus soil moisture, was spatially patchy, a pattern observed for the majority of the measurement period. This somewhat surprising phenomenon can be explained by SWR-induced preferential flow, directing water and nutrients to microorganisms decomposing organic matter concentrated in hot spots near preferential flow paths. Water repellent zones provide air-filled pathways through the soil, which facilitate soil-atmosphere O2 and CO2 exchanges. This study demonstrates that SWR have contrasting effects on CO2 fluxes and, when spatially-variable, can enhance CO2 efflux. Spatial variability in SWR and associated soil moisture distribution needs to be considered when evaluating the effects of SWR on soil carbon dynamics under current and predicted future climatic conditions.
Preoperative computer simulation for planning of vascular access surgery in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zonnebeld Niek , Huberts Wouter , van Loon Magda M. , Delhaas Tammo , Tordoir Jan H.M.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis patients. Unfortunately, 20-40% of all constructed AVFs fail to mature (FTM), and are therefore not usable for hemodialysis. AVF maturation importantly depends on postoperative blood volume flow. Predicting patient-specific immediate postoperative flow could therefore support surgical planning. A computational model predicting blood volume flow is available, but the effect of blood flow predictions on the clinical endpoint of maturation (at least 500 mL/min blood volume flow, diameter of the venous cannulation segment ≥4 mm) remains undetermined.

Methods

A multicenter randomized clinical trial will be conducted in which 372 patients will be randomized (1:1 allocation ratio) between conventional healthcare and computational model-aided decision making. All patients are extensively examined using duplex ultrasonography (DUS) during preoperative assessment (12 venous and 11 arterial diameter measurements; 3 arterial volume flow measurements). The computational model will predict patient-specific immediate postoperative blood volume flows based on this DUS examination. Using these predictions, the preferred AVF configuration is recommended for the individual patient (radiocephalic, brachiocephalic, or brachiobasilic). The primary endpoint is FTM rate at six weeks in both groups, secondary endpoints include AVF functionality and patency rates at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02453412), and ToetsingOnline.nl (NL51610.068.14).
Improvement of radiocephalic fistula maturation: rationale and design of the Liposomal Prednisolone to Improve Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (LIPMAT) study – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Voorzaat Bram M. , van Schaik Jan , van der Bogt Koen E.A. , Vogt Liffert , Huisman Laurens , Gabreëls Bas A. Th. F. , van der Meer Irene M. , van Eps Randolph G.S. , Eefting Daniël , Weijmer Marcel C. , Groeneveld Han O. , van Nieuwenhuizen Roos C. , Boom Henk , Verburgh Cornelis A. , van der Putten Karien , Rotmans Joris I.
Published: March 2017

Background

Non-maturation is a frequent complication of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVF). In an animal model, liposomal prednisolone improved maturation of experimental fistulas. The Liposomal Prednisolone to Improve Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (LIPMAT) study investigates if liposomal prednisolone improves RCAVF maturation.

Methods and results

The LIPMAT study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial with 1:1 randomization to liposomal prednisolone or placebo. Eighty patients receiving an RCAVF will be included. The primary outcome is the cephalic vein diameter six weeks after surgery, measured by ultrasound. The LIPMAT study started in May 2016. Enrollment is expected to be completed by the end of 2017.

Conclusions

The LIPMAT study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of liposomal prednisolone to enhance RCAVF maturation.
Upper-arm hemodialysis access in Sweden
Authors: Hedin Ulf , Welander Gunilla
Published: March 2017

Aim

To provide the contemporary use of upper-arm access for hemodialysis in Sweden using data from a unique national registry for hemodialysis access.

Methods

Data were retrieved from a nation-wide registry for dialysis access in Sweden, Dialysis Access Database (DiAD) on the use and function of specific access types with a focus on upper-arm accesses.

Results

The data demonstrate an increased use of upper-arm access, likely dependent on a changing patient population, with brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the most common access type. Women received more upper-arm accesses than men. Given the recent establishment of the registry, patency and access function can at this point give preliminary data. Indications of a better function for brachiobasilic AVFs in staged procedures were observed as well as for upper-arm arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) in women.

Conclusions

Registry data support an increased use of upper-arm accesses, especially in women. The study also demonstrates the potential of a dedicated national access registry to improve access care.
Stent grafts for treatment of cannulation zone stenosis and arteriovenous graft venous anastomosis
Authors: Shemesh David , Goldin Ilya , Olsha Oded
Published: March 2017

Stent grafts (SGs) are widely used for treatment of failing vascular accesses, fistulas and grafts. The mechanical barrier of the covered stent prevents in-stent stenosis and can be used to effectively correct ruptured vein and aneurysms. Treatment of cannulation zone stenosis with SG can be justified when its use is obligatory, in order to prevent total access loss. Although there are worrying complications attendant on SG insertion and cannulation, including jeopardizing future access creation, most studies report no complications of SG in cannulation zone stenosis. SGs for treatment of arteriovenous graft venous anastomosis stenosis is controversial. Two large randomized trials conclusively demonstrate improved primary patency with SGs at the venous anastomosis of arteriovenous graft at up to two years when compared with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, sustained for up to 2 years and reducing the number of interventions per patient year. However, the ultimate goal of SG treatment of venous anastomosis stenosis is preventing thrombosis and increasing graft longevity, which was unfortunately not fully achieved.
Any use for alternative lock solutions in the prevention of catheter-related blood stream infections?
Authors: Labriola Laura , Pochet Jean-Michel
Published: March 2017

The prevention of catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains a challenge because of high morbidity and mortality associated to CRBSI. Alternative locking solutions (ALS) containing an antithrombotic substance with additional antimicrobial or antibiofilm properties (citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA], 70% ethanol, thrombolytics) with or without the addition of molecules with specific antimicrobial activity (antibiotics, taurolidine, paraben-methylene-blue) has been proposed with the aim to prevent or eradicate intraluminal biofilm colonization and subsequent CRBSI. In this review, we examine the available evidence concerning their efficacy and potential side effects, in order to determine whether ALS should be implemented widely or only in selected cases.
Elbow AVF configurations and indications
Authors: Baktiroglu Selcuk , Yanar Fatih , Yuksel Sercan , Celik Burak , Kilic Halime G.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Brescia-Cimino radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the first-choice vascular access procedure for patients in need of long-term hemodialysis. The average life expectancy of patients receiving hemodialysis has increased in recent years and many patients now live longer and require secondary or tertiary procedures. Elbow fistulas should only rarely be constructed as primary fistulas. The aim of the surgeon must be not only to achieve a functioning fistula, but to avoid possible complications other than failure to mature (FTM), like distal ischemia and cardiac failure and to save the vessels as much as possible for future procedures

Background

Both arterial and venous anatomy of the elbow and upper arm have significant variations. The surgeon must be aware of these variations during the operation, and try not to harm the vasculature of the extremity while trying to construct a functioning fistula. The main advantages of elbow fistulas are the opportunity to have multiple outflows, preservation of the major veins in their original place with no dissection and giving no harm to them, and having a longer outflow tract for cannulation.

Conclusions

In the elbow, beginning to construct an AVF with the perforating vein is the most advantageous. If the perforating vein is not available or has been used before, median cubital vein, its branches, median antecubital vein or other available nearby veins may be used depending on the anatomy. Perforating vein should be ligated if any other elbow vein is used to prevent flow to deep veins.
Factors related to patient selection and initiation of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Wasse Haimanot
Published: March 2017

The majority of dialysis patients initiate dialysis using hemodialysis, rather than peritoneal dialysis (PD), although they may be candidates for either modality.

Multiple factors account for this selection, including pre-dialysis education, physician familiarity with hemodialysis versus PD, and patient-related factors. This paper will discuss the various considerations by both providers and patients in the selection of PD as a modality.
DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA DE SOLO COESO SOB A AÇÃO DE POLIACRILAMIDA: QUALIDADE FÍSICA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Marcelo Valerio Ferreira , Almeida Brivaldo Gomes de , Araújo Filho José Coelho de , Souza Wagner Luis da Silva
Published: March 2017

Os Tabuleiros Costeiros possuem camadas coesas de solos que alteramo estado da água nos seus poros, interferindo no desenvolvimento dosistema radicular das plantas. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a ação doscondicionadores poliacrilamida (PAM) e gesso no solo coeso de TabuleirosCosteiros de Pernambuco via intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO). As amostrasforam subdivididas em três tratamentos — T0 (Controle), T1 (PAM) eT2 (PAM + gesso) —, com quatro repetições cada. Foram avaliadas a curvacaracterística de retenção de água no solo; a densidade do solo; a resistênciado solo à penetração de raízes (RP) e o IHO. As médias foram submetidas àANOVA e ao teste de Tukey, pelo aplicativo Statistical Analysis System (SAS).O IHO foi eficiente em detectar alterações na disponibilidade de água dosolo; o tratamento com PAM foi o que promoveu maior aumento dessadisponibilidade, e o valor crítico da RP para o IHO do solo coeso estudadoficou acima de 2 MPa.
An Investigation of School Counselor Self-Efficacy with English Language Learners
Authors: Johnson Leonissa V. , Ziomek-Daigle Jolie , Haskins Natoya Hill , Paisley Pamela O.
Published: March 2017

This exploratory quantitative study described school counselors' self-efficacy with English language learners. Findings suggest that school counselors with exposure to and experiences with English language learners have higher levels of self-efficacy. Statistically significant and practical differences in self-efficacy were apparent by race, U.S. region, size of English language learner population, and counselor training. This article presents implications for training and practice and recommendations for future research studies.
Between a rock and a hard place: The reasons why women delay childbearing
Authors: Daniluk Judith C , Koert Emily
Published: March 2017

The increasing trend for women to delay childbearing is often met with harsh criticism and judgment, based on the assumption that women are prioritizing their careers over having children. An on-line survey of 500 currently childless Canadian women between the ages of 18 and 38 (M = 28) assessed participants’ childbearing intentions and beliefs, and the factors they felt were most important in the timing of childbearing. Although the respondents felt women should ideally have their first child in their late 20s, most expected that they would begin their families in their 30s. The ability to financially support a child was the most strongly endorsed factor in the timing of childbearing, followed by good health, being with a partner who would be an involved and loving parent, and having a proper home in which to raise a child. These findings highlight the values and beliefs that were most salient in participants’ decisions about the timing of childbearing.
Disclosure of sexual orientation to health professionals in China: results from an online cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Weiming , Mao Jessica , Tang Songyuan , Liu Chuncheng , Mollan Katie , Cao Bolin , Wong Terrence , Zhang Ye , Hudgens Michael , Qin Yilu , Han Larry , Ma Baoli , Yang Bin , Ma Wei , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D ,   Group SESH Study
Published: March 2017

Background: Many men who have sex with men (MSM) in China are “in the closet.” The low rate of disclosure may impact sexual behaviours, testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and diseases transmission. This study examines factors associated with overall sexual orientation disclosure and disclosure to healthcare professionals.

Methods: A nationwide cross‐sectional online survey was conducted from September 2014 to October 2014 in China. Participants completed questions covering socio‐demographic information, sexual behaviours, HIV/STI testing history, and self‐reported HIV status. We defined healthcare professional disclosure as disclosing to a doctor or other medical provider.

Results: A total of 1819 men started the survey and 1424 (78.3%) completed it. Among the 1424 participants, 62.2% (886/1424) reported overall disclosure, and 16.3% (232/1424) disclosed to healthcare professionals. In multivariate analyses, the odds of sexual orientation disclosure were 56% higher among MSM who used smartphone‐based, sex‐seeking applications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.25–2.95], but were lower among MSM reporting sex while drunk or recreational drug use. The odds of disclosure to a healthcare professional were greater among MSM who had ever tested for HIV or STIs (aOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.50–4.51 for HIV, and aOR = 4.92, 95% CI: 3.47–6.96 for STIs, respectively) or self‐reported as living with HIV (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.93–2.72).

Conclusion: Over 80% of MSM had not disclosed their sexual orientation to health professionals. This low level of disclosure likely represents a major obstacle to serving the unique needs of MSM in clinical settings. Further research and interventions to facilitate MSM sexual orientation disclosure, especially to health professionals, are urgently needed.
A team of heterochromatin factors collaborates with small RNA pathways to combat repetitive elements and germline stress
Authors: McMurchy Alicia N , Stempor Przemyslaw , Gaarenstroom Tessa , Wysolmerski Brian , Dong Yan , Aussianikava Darya , Appert Alex , Huang Ni , Kolasinska-Zwierz Paulina , Sapetschnig Alexandra , Miska Eric A , Ahringer Julie
Published: March 2017

Repetitive sequences derived from transposons make up a large fraction of eukaryotic genomes and must be silenced to protect genome integrity. Repetitive elements are often found in heterochromatin; however, the roles and interactions of heterochromatin proteins in repeat regulation are poorly understood. Here we show that a diverse set of C. elegans heterochromatin proteins act together with the piRNA and nuclear RNAi pathways to silence repetitive elements and prevent genotoxic stress in the germ line. Mutants in genes encoding HPL-2/HP1, LIN-13, LIN-61, LET-418/Mi-2, and H3K9me2 histone methyltransferase MET-2/SETDB1 also show functionally redundant sterility, increased germline apoptosis, DNA repair defects, and interactions with small RNA pathways. Remarkably, fertility of heterochromatin mutants could be partially restored by inhibiting cep-1/p53, endogenous meiotic double strand breaks, or the expression of MIRAGE1 DNA transposons. Functional redundancy among factors and pathways underlies the importance of safeguarding the genome through multiple means.
Genome mining unearths a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like-pteridine synthase biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Park Hyun Bong , Perez Corey E , Barber Karl W , Rinehart Jesse , Crawford Jason M
Published: March 2017

Nonribosomal peptides represent a large class of metabolites with pharmaceutical relevance. Pteridines, such as pterins, folates, and flavins, are heterocyclic metabolites that often serve as redox-active cofactors. The biosynthetic machineries for construction of these distinct classes of small molecules operate independently in the cell. Here, we discovered an unprecedented nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like-pteridine synthase hybrid biosynthetic gene cluster in Photorhabdus luminescens using genome synteny analysis. P. luminescens is a Gammaproteobacterium that undergoes phenotypic variation and can have both pathogenic and mutualistic roles. Through extensive gene deletion, pathway-targeted molecular networking, quantitative proteomic analysis, and NMR, we show that the genetic locus affects the regulation of quorum sensing and secondary metabolic enzymes and encodes new pteridine metabolites functionalized with cis-amide acyl-side chains, termed pepteridine A (1) and B (2). The pepteridines are produced in the pathogenic phenotypic variant and represent the first reported metabolites to be synthesized by a hybrid NRPS-pteridine pathway. These studies expand our view of the combinatorial biosynthetic potential available in bacteria.
The value of a healthy relationship
Authors: Kuehn Bridget M
Published: March 2017

Biomedical science benefits when plain language allows patients to engage with all stages of the research process.
Traumatic Intraparenchymal Pseudoaneurysm on Initial Imaging Predicts Injury Progression in Patients with Nonoperative Major Blunt Liver Injury
Authors: Younan Duraid , Beasley T Mark , Papoy Andrew , Douglas Geoffrey , Bosarge Patrick
Published: March 2017

Most patients who present with hemodynamic stability and no evidence of peritonitis after blunt liver injury are successfully managed nonoperatively. Little information is available regarding the utility of reimaging major blunt liver injuries for patients who are managed nonoperatively. A retrospective review of patients admitted to a level I trauma center with major blunt liver injuries (AAST grades 3–5) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were those admitted from July 2012 to June 2014 with blunt liver trauma who survived the first 24 hours and underwent repeat imaging. Data included demographics, procedures performed, and computerized tomography (CT) scan findings. Findings on the second CT scan were categorized as Unchanged, Worse, Improved, or Negative. A total of 128 patients had blunt major liver injuries; 66 patients underwent repeat imaging. The mean time to repeat CT was 1.95 days. On repeat CT, 47 were Unchanged, 3 Worse, 14 Improved, and 2 Negative. Three patients underwent angiography. One required embolization of a pseudoaneurysm. In 63 patients (95%), the second CT did not change the management plan. The presence of a pseudoaneurysm was significantly related to a worsening of the second CT (P = 0.0475). Patients with admission hematocrit (Hct) below 32% were more likely to have a worsened second CT (P = 0.0370). A pseudoaneurysm on admission CT and Hct <32% predict major liver injury progression suggesting that routine reimaging is warranted in this group.
Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Stockwell William R.
Published: March 2017

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several layers each one has its distinct chemistry. Major environmental problems involving atmospheric chemistry include air pollution, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and climate change.The article describes the atmosphere layers, related atmospheric chemistry reactions, and the role of photochemistry as their driver. Air quality models that provide a powerful framework for understanding the dynamics of pollutants in the atmosphere and for assessing the impact emission sources have on pollutant concentrations are discussed.
Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wohlgemuth John
Published: March 2017

Photovoltaic cells, or solar cells, are solid‐state devices that convert light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are utilized to convert sunlight into direct current (dc) electricity, which can be used to operate DC loads, charge batteries, or to run an inverter that turns DC into alternating current (AC) to directly power AC appliances or to feed electricity into the utility grid.Starting with the Vanguard satellite in the 1950s, photovoltaic (PV) cells have been utilized to power many space satellites. In the 1970s, PV was recognized as an excellent power source for remote sites, leading to the development of the terrestrial PV industry. In the 1990s, national programs in Japan and Germany moved PV into grid‐connected applications. Today, large‐scale implementation of PV includes utility scale systems, large commercial systems on such businesses as Walmart and Kohl's, and large numbers of smaller residential sized systems. In 2015, PV systems made up 28% of all new electricity supply in the world.
Raman Scattering
Authors: Smith W. Ewen
Published: March 2017

Raman scattering involves the detection of inelastic light scattering resulting from molecular vibrations. Sharp clear vibrational spectra can be obtained when a sample is irradiated with monochromatic radiation. Modern equipment developments have made Raman scattering much simpler to collect with the result that the field has grown considerably recently.

This article outlines the basic theory and shows how vibrational assignments are made from the data. A brief description of the factors to consider in setting up or purchasing an instrument is given, and two methods that arise from Raman scattering, resonance Raman scattering, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering are introduced.
Research and Development Management
Authors: Sapienza Alice M.
Published: March 2017

This article highlights the responsibility of those in a leadership role in supporting the innovative and beneficial output of scientists in research and development (R&D).

The article begins by providing an overview of the global context in which R&D take place and the turbulence and complexity that characterize this environment. It then characterizes R&D professionals and discusses implications for those leading them, particularly challenges to creative and productive endeavors. Science and technology strategy of R&D programs and projects, with an emphasis on consistency and competitiveness and the potential effects on the professionals involved, are discussed next. The article concludes with a brief review on managing work and personal life stressors.
Solar Energy Materials For Thermal Applications
Authors: Granqvist Claes G.
Published: March 2017

Solar energy materials for thermal applications have properties tailored to meet requirements set by the spectral distribution, angle of incidence, and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation prevailing in our natural surroundings. Specifically, the optimization can be performed with regard to solar irradiation, thermal emission, atmospheric absorption, visible light, and photosynthetic efficiency. The materials may be metals, glasses, polymers, gases, paints and, especially, thin surface coatings of many kinds. Discussions are given on a number of specific topics such as transparent thermal insulation, solar thermal converters, radiative cooling, as well as windows and glass facades with static or dynamic properties.
Acid–Base and Solvation properties of Metal Enolates. Part 1: The Enolate Ion and Main‐Group Metal Enolates
Authors: Bastos Erick L.
Published: March 2017

This chapter presents an overview of the fundamental aspects of the formation and structure of metal enolates, focusing on the consequences of acid–base and solvation properties of main‐group metal enolates on their chemical reactivity. Reference data such as equilibrium and acid dissociation constants are compiled.
Perovskite Materials: Solar Cell and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yang Bin , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai
Published: March 2017

Hybrid organometallic trihalide perovskites are promising candidates in the applications for next‐generation, high‐performance, low‐cost optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. In particular, the solar cells based on this type of materials have reached 22% lab‐scale power conversion efficiency in only about 7 years, comparable to the other thin‐film photovoltaic technologies. Hybrid perovskite materials not only exhibit superior optoelectronic properties but also show many interesting physical properties such as ion migration and defect physics, which may allow the exploration of more device functionalities. In this article, the fundamental understanding of the interrelationships between crystal structure, electronic structure, and material properties is discussed. Various chemical synthesis and processing methods for superior device performance in solar cells and optoelectronic devices are reviewed.
Ruthenium Anticancer Agents—From Cisplatin Analogues to Rational Drug Design
Authors: Adams Muneebah , Hanif Muhammad , Hartinger Christian G.
Published: March 2017

The discovery of cisplatin has triggered research in metal‐based anticancer agents. Ruthenium complexes have been investigated as chemotherapeutics for more than 30 years. In this article, we review the early steps of Ru‐based drug development, which was often based on the structural similarity to cisplatin, and led eventually to the clinical trials of KP1019/KP1339 and NAMI‐A and the emergence of the organometallic RAPTA and RAED compound series. The unique modes of action of Ru compounds equip them with their special pharmacological properties. Especially in the past decades, many rationally designed Ru complexes have been reported to expand the range of compound types, and therewith the modes of action these compounds follow. This article covers many of the reported novel approaches and newer developments in the field, demonstrating in some cases properties advantageous to that of platinum anticancer agents and opening the route to new generations of metal‐based anticancer agents.
Critical Culture: Environmental Adult Education in Public Museums
Authors: Bell Lorraine , Clover Darlene E.
Published: March 2017

This chapter explores how museums, as educational and cultural institutions, can become agents of socioecological transformation. The ideas of critical museum studies and environmental adult education are reviewed, and three examples of environmental adult education in museums are discussed.
The St. Ignatius Jesuit Retreat and Training Centre: Cultivating Ecological Awareness and Connection with the Earth
Authors: Groen Janet
Published: March 2017

This chapter focuses on the role of religiously based spirituality in cultivating environmental awareness and citizenship by examining an adult environmental education program offered at the Ignatius Jesuit Centre, a religious retreat center in Guelph, Canada.
Adult Learning in Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Etmanski Catherine , Kajzer Mitchell Ingrid
Published: March 2017

This chapter describes the role small‐scale organic farmers are playing as adult educators in alternative food networks and as leaders for food systems transformation. Findings are drawn from a survey of organic farmers in British Columbia, Western Canada.
Ti‐Substituted NaNi0.5Mn0.5‐xTixO2 Cathodes with Reversible O3−P3 Phase Transition for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Yao Hu‐Rong , Liu Xin‐Yu , Zhang Jie‐Nan , Gu Lin , Yu Xi‐Qian , Yin Ya‐Xia , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2017

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as potential candidates for stationary energy storage because of the low cost and wide availability of Na sources. O3‐type layered oxides have been considered as one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, they commonly show inevitable complicated phase transitions and sluggish kinetics, incurring rapid capacity decline and poor rate capability. Here, a series of sodium‐sufficient O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5‐

x
Ti
x
O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) cathodes for SIBs is reported and the mechanisms behind their excellent electrochemical performance are studied in comparison to those of their respective end‐members. The combined analysis of in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy for NaNi0.5Mn0.2Ti0.3O2 reveals that the O3‐type phase transforms reversibly into a P3‐type phase upon Na+ deintercalation/intercalation. The substitution of Ti for Mn enlarges interslab distance and could restrain the unfavorable and irreversible multiphase transformation in the high voltage regions that is usually observed in O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2, resulting in improved Na cell performance. This integration of macroscale and atomicscale engineering strategy might open up the modulation of the chemical and physical properties in layered oxides and grasp new insight into the optimal design of high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs.
Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Plasmonic Ag/Pd Alloy Nanostructures Enables Flexible Integration of Robust SERS Substrates
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Han Bing , Liu Xue‐Qing , Zhang Han‐Zhuang , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: March 2017

This paper demonstrates femtosecond laser direct writing mediated flexible integration of plasmonic Ag/Pd alloy nanostructures that can be potentially used as a robust surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate inside the microfluidic chip. Silver–palladium alloy with controllable composition ratio can be patterned into plasmonic nanostructures due to two‐photon absorption induced coreduction of silver/palladium double metal ions. Since the alloy structures can effectively protect the silver from oxidation, thus they can facilitate the stable on‐chip detection devices with long lifetime. The as‐fabricated silver–palladium alloy substrate with 18% content of palladium maintains a relatively high enhancement factor of about 2.62 × 108 while at the same time demonstrating the best stability against aerobic oxidation, as it is stable for up to 20 d under ambient aerobic conditions, exhibiting a significant improvement compared to those unprotected silver substrates which have a limited lifetime of only 3 or 4 d.
Dibenzoindigo: A Nature‐Inspired Biocompatible Semiconductor Material for Sustainable Organic Electronics
Authors: Leshanskaya Lidiya I. , Klimovich Irina V. , Dashitsyrenova Dolgor D. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Ershova Elizaveta S. , Sergeeva Vasilina A. , Tabakov Vyacheslav Yu. , Kostyuk Svetlana V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: March 2017

Synthesis and systematic investigation of dibenzoindigo, a derivative of the natural colorant indigo with an extended π‐electron conjugated system, is presented. This material shows comparable hole mobilities in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with the benchmark semiconductors such as pentacene and dinaphthothienothiophene. Relatively easy synthesis of dibenzoindigo, low toxicity, and excellent ambient stability in OFETs makes it promising material for designing sustainable and biocompatible organic electronics. Air‐stable operation of optical memory elements has been demonstrated using dibenzonindigo as semiconductor and spirooxazine‐type photochromic material as a light sensitive component.