bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Labour, Machine, and Material as Sources of Value-Addition for SMEs
Authors: Mehdi Mokhalles Mohammad , Sarma Tridib Ranjan
Published: March 2020

Value addition is a process of changing (converting) input into output with an investment of optimum resources. The present study aims to identify the variables of value addition among MSMEs and its performance in an economy. The study is based on a review of literature from various published sources and analyses to uncover the required variables. Past reviews highlighted that SME performance can be categorized into financial and non-financial characteristics. The previous studies have identified that SME performance depends on the financial factors, marketing factors, production factors, operation activities, and human resources of the enterprises. A survey was conducted among four MSMEs in district industries and commerce centre (DIC), Jorhat (Assam), India using a structured questionnaire constructed from the variables found in past studies. The survey findings highlighted the growth indicators and the challenges that MSMEs faced.
Parenting in Dyads With an ASD-Child
Authors: Perasso Giulia , Silton Nava R. , De Angelis Jacopo
Published: March 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the complex experience of parenting children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) from an attachment-based perspective. The role of parental sensitivity, intrusiveness, and self-efficacy will be discussed in detail. These parental characteristics were indeed found to positively affect the parent-ASD-child bond and, in turn, to modulate the developmental course of ASDs. Likewise, the nature of symptomatology pertaining to autism (i.e., strong impairment in social and communication skills) represents an obstacle for parents to effectively attune to their children's needs or emotions. A number of interventions aimed at improving the quality and the attunement level in the parent-ASD-child dyad are presented. A specific focus is dedicated to attachment-based interventions such as the video feedback intervention to promote positive parenting – AUTI (VIPP-AUTI).
Innovation, Critical Pedagogy, and Appreciative Feedback
Authors: Jeffery Ken , Halcomb-Smith Lauren
Published: March 2020

The practice of giving and receiving feedback is an essential element of a wholesome educational experience. As learners are engaged in the vulnerable role of waiting for and receiving feedback, there is a significant and potentially problematic power relationship at play in the feedback dyad. This chapter proposes that the practice of giving feedback offers a great scope for innovation, and that critical pedagogy offers a theoretical lens through which such innovation may be understood. This chapter explores and defines innovation through the lens of critical pedagogy, which calls for the intentional questioning of existing power structures in education. A scan of the literature presents the importance of feedback in the learning process, and supports a move towards a dialogic, student-centered process. The writers share two case studies in appreciative feedback and provide a proposed model for innovation in the delivery of feedback. When viewed as a compassionate, supportive act, feedback is well positioned to benefit learners as viewed through the lens of critical pedagogy.
Identification of the Effective E-Promotional Tools on Improving Destination Brand Image
Authors: Seyyedamiri Nader , Khosravani Ala
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of promotional tools on creating a positive destination brand image and attracting international tourists to Iran. Mixed methods were employed based on semi-structured interviews that conducted with tourism experts. The sample size determined for an infinite population and the interviewees were chosen using the snowball method. The data was analyzed by ATLAS.ti software. Reliability and validity are determined through experts and Cronbach's alpha. The sampling design for the quantitative method is accidental and by using the Cochran formula the sample of an infinite population is obtained. The sample size is 384 tourists. The collected data by questionnaires are analyzed via SPSS software. Quantitative findings indicated the most important promotional tools. Also, the quantitative analysis showed that the internet with an average value of 3/3984 ranked first. Finally, the results indicated that the more focus on using promotional tools on a tourism destination to attract more tourists.
TECNICHE PER MASCHERARE IL SAPORE AMARO DEI PRODOTTI FARMACEUTICI
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta
Published: March 2020

The text describes the main techniques used in the pharmaceutical field to mask the bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients and make the product more pleasant for oral intake by the patient.
Метод проекции градиента для проксимально гладкого множества и функции с непрерывным по Липшицу градиентом
Authors: Balashov Maxim Viktorovich
Published: March 2020

Рассматривается задача минимизации невыпуклой функции с непрерывным по Липшицу градиентом на проксимально гладком подмножестве (которое может быть невыпуклым) в конечномерном евклидовом пространстве. Для градиентного отображения вводится условие ограничения ошибки (error bound condition) с показателем $\alpha\in (0,1]$. В случае выполнения этого условия доказывается, что стандартный метод проекции градиента сходится к решению задачи с линейной или сублинейной скоростью в зависимости от показателя $\alpha$. Работа носит теоретический характер.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Полнота коммутативных подалгебр Соколова-Одесского и операторы Нийенхейса на $\operatorname{gl}(n)$
Authors: Konyaev Andrei Yur'evich
Published: March 2020

В работе доказана полнота коммутативных подалгебр в алгебре $S(\operatorname{gl}(n))$, построенных по алгебраическим операторам Нийенхейса. Операторы, о которых идет речь, предложены В. В. Соколовым и А. В. Одесским.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Gas and Particle Phase Products of Aromatic Oxidation
Authors: Mehra Archit , Wang Yuwei , Krechmer Jordan E. , Lambe Andrew , Majluf Francesca , Morris Melissa A. , Priestley Michael , Bannan Thomas J. , Bryant Daniel J. , Pereira Kelly L. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Rickard Andrew R. , Newland Mike J. , Stark Harald , Croteau Philip , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Wang Lin , Coe Hugh
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) are key anthropogenic pollutants emitted to the atmosphere and are important for both ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban areas. Recent studies have indicated that aromatic hydrocarbons may follow previously unknown oxidation chemistry pathways, including autoxidation that can lead to the formation of highly oxidised products. In this study we evaluate the gas and particle phase ions formed during the hydroxyl radical oxidation of substituted C9-aromatic isomers (1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, propyl benzene and isopropyl benzene) and a substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbon (1-methyl naphthalene) under low and medium NOx conditions. The majority of product signal in both gas and particle phases comes from ions which are common to all precursors, though signal distributions are distinct for different VOCs. Gas and particle phase composition are distinct from one another, and comparison with the near explicit gas phase Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1) highlights a range of missing highly oxidised products in the pathways. In the particle phase, the bulk of product signal from all precursors comes from ring scission ions, many of which have undergone further oxidation to form HOMs. Under perturbation of OH oxidation with increased NOx, the contribution of HOM ion signals to the particle phase signal remains elevated for more substituted aromatic precursors. Up to 25 % of product signal comes from ring-retaining ions including highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs); this is most important for the more substituted aromatics. Unique products are a minor component in these systems, and many of the dominant ions have ion formulae concurrent with other systems, highlighting the challenges in utilising marker ions for SOA.
Women’s Work and Assets: Considering Property Ownership from a Transnational Feminist Perspective
Authors: Luttrell Johanna C
Published: March 2020

Development literature on global gender empowerment devotes much attention to employment, a code word for the inclusion of women’s labor in the global market. Recent work in transnational feminisms shows that the emphasis on employment over assets may not prevent exploitation of labor and perpetuity of poverty. This paper first highlights research on how women are increasingly taking on too much responsibility, working in a confluence of survival-oriented activities that undermine their own well-being. I also address how women are increasingly able to get out of poverty: when they can labor in such a way that they are not merely working to survive but also working for accumulation of their own material assets, foremost of which is basic housing. Finally, I consider these transnational feminist insights about the importance of housing for women in light of philosophical concerns about property ownership, specifically Locke’s theory of property. In justifying property rights through labor, and arguing against the state’s right to usurp property, a Lockean can give a defense against forced evictions that still occur in some contexts and give support for a normative connection between women’s labor and assets.
Care Workers on Strike
Authors: Huget Hailey
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates a moral conflict that care workers, defined as workers who care for dependent others, confront when they go on strike. Care workers who confront decisions about whether to go on strike are, in my analysis, caught between impossible options: Should they prioritize the needs of those who are currently dependent upon them, and forego striking, or prioritize their long-term ability to provide the best possible care, and partake in strikes? I argue that care workers who confront these decisions are often caught in a tragic moral conflict where “moral failure” is inevitable. However, I argue that we should place blame for said moral failures not upon striking care workers themselves but upon employers and others responsible for creating the decision contexts in which care workers must morally fail. I also argue that those responsible for creating the decision contexts in which care workers must morally fail are guilty of various moral and material harms to care workers.
ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS BY APPLYING ORGANOCLAY AS SECONDARY FILLER
Authors: Sattayanurak S. , Sahakaro K. , Kaewsakul W. , Dierkes W. K. , Reuvekamp L. A. E. M. , Blume A. , Noordermeer J. W. M.
Published: March 2020

Silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR) tire tread compounds are investigated using organoclay (OC) as secondary filler. By varying mixer temperature settings at a silica/OC ratio of 45/10 phr, dump temperatures are reached of approximately 120, 140, 150, and 160 °C. The increased dump temperature leads to a better silanization reaction resulting in lower mixing torque, Mooney viscosity, and Payne effect. The optimum mixing dump temperature was found to be around 150 °C. By varying the loadings of OC in the silica-filled NR compounds from 0 to 36 wt% relative to total filler amount, the increased OC loadings decreased the Payne effect and compound viscosities, significantly shortened scorch and cure times, and raised the tan delta at −20 and 0 °C as indications for ice traction and wet skid resistance of tire treads made therefrom. The optimum loading of OC of 9 wt% relative to total filler content shows better Payne effect, cure rate index, tan delta at −20 and 60 °C indicative for rolling resistance, and DIN (German Institute of Standardization) abrasion resistance index. The results indicate that the use of this hybrid filler may provide tires with better wet traction and lower rolling resistance and wear resistance compared with the pure silica-filled system.
Total loss absorption capacity – towards a simple and effective methodology
Authors:   Departamento de Economía Financiera y Dirección de Operaciones. Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 1, 41018 Sevilla (España). marsanrog1@alum.us.es, Sánchez Roger Marc , Oliver Alfonso María Dolores ,   Departamento de Economía Financiera y Dirección de Operaciones. Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 1, 41018 Sevilla (España). moliver@us.es, Sanchís Pedregosa Carlos ,   Departamento Académico de Administración. Jr. Gral, Jirón Luis Sánchez Cerro 2141, 15072 Lima (Perú). c.sanchisp@up.edu.pe
Published: March 2020

A successful resolution of a banking entity is linked to the level of capital and loss-absorbing debt instruments available at the time when the resolution is triggered. This article aims to propose an alternative methodology to determine the minimum requirement of loss absorption and recapitalisation capacity for banks. The model proposed uses probability of default and loss given default data together with a series of adjustment factors to estimate the necessary requirement of loss absorption capacity. One of the main advantages of this method is the simplicity and transparency of the model. The second part of this document is focused on applying the methodology proposed to a sample of Spanish banks composed of entities with total assets above EUR200bn. Results of the analysis point out that total loss absorption and recapitalization capacity of 27.5%-34% over risk-weighted assets is desirable. This range is above the current loss absorption requirements set by most of the international regulatory and supervisory bodies. The results presented in this paper are meant to be especially relevant to banking regulators and supervisors, since propose an alternative methodology for calculating the loss absorption requirements.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: March 2020

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1Abhishek A. Cukkemane, Bijasu Agri Research Laboratory LLP, IndiaAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAriel Reinaldo Soto Caro, Universidad de Concepción, ChileBabak Mohammadi, University of Tehran, IranBenard Kiplangat Rop, University of Nairobi, KenyaBoumahdi Merad Zoubeida, University Blida, AlgeriaCamilla H. M. Camargos, University of Campinas, BrazilEben von Well, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaEliana Mariela Werbin, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinianEric Krawczyk, University of Michigan, USAEwa Moliszewska, Opole University, PolandFabrício Oliveira Fernandes, State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - FCAV, BrazilFortune Ogo-ndah Awala, University of Port Harcourt, NigeriaHedayatollah K. Soureshjani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranJeferson Coutinho, Federal Institute of Science, BrazilMohammed El Basuini, Kagoshima University, JapanRafael Cardoso Rial, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul, BrazilSahar Bahmani, University of Wisconsin at Parkside, USAServet Aras, Bozok University, TurkeyShakirudeen Abimbola Lawal, University of Cape Town, South AfricaShubha Kumari, ICAR-RCER, IndiaSina Nabaei, Azad University, IranSomaia Alkhair, Alzaeim Alazhari University, SudanSudu Hakuruge Pushpa Malkanthi, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaToncho Gospodinov Penev, Trakia University, BulgariaZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, EgyptZhao Chen, Clemson University, USA Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email 1: jas@macrothink.orgEmail 2: jas@macrothink.comURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
“Dreams so rich in color. How else would death call you?”: An Exploration of the Ending in Cormac McCarthy's The Road
Authors: Powning Jacob M.
Published: March 2020

Cormac McCarthy's post-apocalyptic novel The Road chronicles the journey of a father and son through a world almost entirely denuded of life, in which the remaining humans are dying or eating each other, and in which there is no hope for long-term survival of any life on earth. After the father dies, a stranger miraculously appears to take the son away from the road to a family that meets every hallmark of the son's desire. The unsettling anachronism of this deus-ex-machina man is so discordant with the apparent nihilism of the rest of the book and McCarthy's previous works that it demands a careful reading to understand its meaning. Since McCarthy has never written a happy ending before, and has written vivid descriptions of dreams and laid hints throughout the book about their significance, it is at least possible that this happy ending is the boy's wishful dream.
The Biodiesel Economic Indicators in Northern Brazil Based on Tocantins State
Authors: Silva Lima Fernando , Rodrigues Waldecy , Marques de Oliveira Nilton
Published: March 2020

This article aimed to perform a regional analysis of biofuel through the biodiesel production capacity in Tocantins in 2008 and 2017. The guiding question of this research was: what is the importance of the biodiesel sector in Brazil and Tocantins, in relation to the sectors of services, industry and storage services in terms of production capacity. The hypothesis is that, in relation to production capacity, the Tocantins biodiesel sector has lost its potential compared to other economic sectors in the state. Taking as theoretical assumption the theories of regional development. Data were collected from the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). The results show that biodiesel in 2008 had potential for Tocantins economy, but not in the same proportionality in 2017.
A Test of Return Predictability in the Vietnamese Stock Market
Authors: Le Thanh Trung , Luong Anh Tram
Published: March 2020

For the first time, the market efficiency is examined in the different context of the stock market. By employing tests of weak-form efficiency, this study finds out that the overall, Vietnamese stock market does not follow a random walk regardless of the degree of stock market volatility. Therefore, technical analysis could be used by investors and financial managers to forecast price and gain profits on the market. Another finding is that although the Vietnamese market is not weak-form efficient, there is an improvement in recent years. The paper suggests that if investors and financial managers can employ past returns to predict stock prices and make decisions on the Vietnamese market, they should change their strategies in the future. This finding also contributes to studies on the Efficient Market Hypothesis in emerging countries and its performance in different economic contexts.
Benchmark for Partnership in Human and Material Resources Provision for Adult Education Programmes in the South-East Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Nwabuko Linus O. , Igwe Ngozi J. , Okengwu Mary C. , Nwabuko Michelle A. , Ekere Onyinye
Published: March 2020

Partnership is an approach used for effective human and material resources provision among agencies and partners based on democratic principles of understanding in pursuit of a common goal. Adult education programmes are provided by the government, Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) and donor agencies. Yet adult education seems to suffer from a dearth of human and material resources due to a loose partnership framework among government NGOs and donor agencies. Hence the need to provide a benchmark for partnership among government, NGOs and donor agencies in the provision of human and material resources. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, the instrument was administered to 3202 subjects consisting of sixty-two proprietors of NGOs adult education centres, five directors of state agencies of mass literacy adult and Non-formal education, fifteen coordinators of donor agencies and 3120 adult education instructors. The data was presented using frequencies, percentages, means, standard derivations and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that NGOs have to submit quarterly the record of their staff strength to state agencies for mass literacy adult and non-formal education for resource planning and that development of materials in multi-language can be achieved through collaborated efforts of stakeholders. Thus, the study recommended, among others, that state agencies for mass literacy, adult and non-formal education, NGOs and donor agencies should cooperate to organize conferences for capacity development and instructors and development material in multi-language for adult learners.
The influence of age and comorbidities on the outcomes of surgical treatment with free tissue transfer: a retrospective study
Authors: Czesak Małgorzata , Sobol Maria , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Microvascular free tissue transfer enables the reconstruction of complex head and neck defects. The aim of the study was to assess the results of treatment of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery and to identify factors affecting these results, with particular reference to patient’s age.
Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent free-flap head and neck reconstruction in our institution between 2010 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. A series of 66 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 2 age groups: group G1 aged <65 years (n = 41) and group G2 aged ≥65 years (n = 25). Minor local complications and general complications as well as comorbidities were analyzed.
 Results: No correlation was found between advanced age and the risk of free flap failure as well as the incidence of local minor complications. General complications were more frequent in the G2 group (32%) than in the G1 group (19.5%), although this is not a statistically significant difference. A statistically significant difference was found between the age and the patient’s health status according to ASA (P = 0.010). In the younger low-risk group, 12 patients (29.3%) had general and local complications, while in the older low-risk group only 1 (4%). General and local complications were found in 5 (12.2%) high-risk G1 patients and in 7 (28%) high-risk G2 patients.
Conclusion(s): Patients with advanced head and neck malignant tumors should undergo reconstructive microsurgery regardless of age.
Domain Independent Automatic Labeling system for Large-scale Social Data using Lexicon and Web-based Augmentation
Authors: Khatoon Shaheen , Lamis Abu Romman
Published: March 2020

Recently, with the large-scale adoption of social media, people have begun to express their opinion on these sites in the form of reviews. Potential consumers often forced to wade through huge amount of reviews to make informed decision. Sentiment analysis has become rapid and effective way to automatically gauge consumers’ opinion. However, such analysis often requires tedious process of manual tagging of large training examples or manually building a lexicon for the purpose of classifying reviews as positive or negative. In this paper, we present a method to automate the tedious process of labeling large textual data in an unsupervised, domain independent and scalable manner. The proposed method combines the lexicon-based and Web-based Point Wise Mutual Information (PMI) statistics to find the Semantic Orientation (SO) of opinion expressed in a review.  Based on proposed methods a system called Domain Independent Automatic Labeling System (DIALS) has been implemented, which takes collection of text from any domain as input and generates fully labeled dataset in an unsupervised and scalable manner. The result generated can be used to track and summarize online discussion and/or use to train any classifier in the next stage of development. The effectiveness of system is tested by comparing it with baseline machine learning and lexicon-based methods. Experiments on multi-domains dataset has shown that proposed method consistently shown improved recall and accuracy as compared to baseline machine learning and lexicon-based methods.
Valide und aussagekräftige statistische Erfassung von Kriminalität und Kriminalitätskontrolle – eine notwendige Bedingung für evidenzbasierte Kriminalpolitik
Authors: Heinz Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Evidenzbasierte Kriminalpolitik orientiert sich an systematisch gewonnenem empirischen Wissen über Kriminalität und Strafe. Sie muss das zu lösende Problem kennen und wissen, welche Maßnahmen bei wem wie wirken. Die Kriminal- und Strafrechtspflegestatistiken sollten idealiter Basisdaten hinsichtlich der Problemlage und der Umsetzung der Maßnahmen liefern. Insofern sind sie eine notwendige, wenngleich keine hinreichende Bedingung für evidenzbasierte Kriminalpolitik. Die deutschen Kriminalstatistiken erfüllen diese Aufgabe aber unvollständig. Ihre Defizite werden aufgezeigt und Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung gemacht.
Microbial Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Mohamed Abdulkhair Waleed , Abdullah Alghuthaymi Mousa
Published: March 2020

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians that increases the mortality rate. This disease retards the passage of water and salt through the cells and therefore affects the vital functions of different organs. Pulmonary cystic fibrosis is the most common and responsible for the majority of symptoms, burden of care, and mortality. The gene that causes the disease has now been identified and sequenced. The lung diseases with CF are usually have three pathological elements; mucus obstruction, inflammation, and infection. In the last century, the relationship between CF, respiratory microbiology, and inflammation has been understood with increased longevity and development of new treatments and laboratory techniques. In this chapter, we will illustrate causes of CF lung diseases and modern therapeutic strategies.
ET ILLUMINERET HEBRAISK HÅNDSKRIFT
Authors: Edelmann R.
Published: March 2020

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MARCUS MEIBOM OG VILLUM LANGE
Authors: S. Petersen Carl
Published: March 2020

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BOOKS FROM TIBET
Authors: Peter of Greece and Denmark H. R. H. Prince
Published: March 2020

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ÆLDRE DANSKE BOGTRYKKER- OG FORLÆGGERMÆRKER
Authors: Haugsted Mogens
Published: March 2020

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LORD HARLEY OG GREV THOTT EN STUDIE I NOGLE AF DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEKS BIND OG BØGER FRA HARLEYS OG THOTTS BOGSAMLINGER
Authors: Bentzen Ruth
Published: March 2020

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Hvem er forfatteren til Joachim Arentsehes “Krigsbog”?
Authors: Blosen Hans
Published: March 2020

One of the prized possessions of the Royal Library in Copenhagen, an expensively bound composite volume of seven different German-language writings on the art and legality of war printed in Copenhagen in 1578 by Lorentz Benedicht for Frederik II, is usually called Joachim Arentsehe’s “War Book”. However, the title pages assign only parts 2 and 4-7 to Arentsehe, while for parts 1 and 3 no author is named. The very extensive part 1, opening with woodcuts of the King’s portrait and the National Arms and containing numerous hand-coloured illustrations, is evidently the main work of the volume. Its author came to light in 2001 when German historian Rainer Leng, as part of a systematic investigation into the late medieval German “Büchsenmeisterbücher”, published Franz Helm’s “Buch von den probierten Künsten”, one of the most thorough and richly transmitted works on the art of war of the whole of the sixteenth century, which he wrote in around 1530. It is Helm’s book which comprises the main section of Frederik II’s “War Book”. Leng was unaware of Benedicht’s anonymous printed edition, and in Denmark the assumption of Arentsehe’s authorship continued to hold a veil over the true origins of the work, until a detailed comparison showed the two to be identical. While, in Germany, Helm’s work was transmitted only in manuscript for some 100 years, and was first printed in 1625, Benedicht’s Copenhagen printing dates from some 50 years earlier. The reason why transmittance was dominated by manuscripts is presumably both the desire to make the book’s content seem secret knowledge and the desire to give it an aura of exclusivity, such as more properly belongs to an illustrated manuscript than to a printed version. However, the same exclusivity was achieved by Benedicht’s printed work through the perfection of its craftsmanship, its illustrations and by the fact that it was produced in one copy only, for the use of the King.
Ars Apodemica. Albert Meier og kunsten at rejse i renæssancen
Authors: Brander Elsa Cristina de Lima Agra Amorim
Published: March 2020

Ars apodemica emerged in the 16th century as the result of an essential need for approaching and systematising knowledge acquired by means of travel. By developing methodologies of travel or ars apodemica, Renaissance scholars were implementing a reliable method to help travellers learn how to observe and gather valuable information about exotic worlds during their journey. Albert Meier (1528-1603), a minister living in the parish of Lindholm in the province of Schleswig, in the North of Germany, wrote in 1587 Methodvs describendi regiones, vrbes & arces…, a work that reflects the first steps on the road to the scientific discovery of the world, as well as the author’s ambition to organise travel and information. This article introduces the epistemological and pragmatic nature of the earliest methodologies of travel with specific focus on Meier’s work. Influenced by the French humanist and philosopher Petrus Ramus, Meier’s work reflects the growth of scientific method and consequently the emergent need for the systematisation of knowledge about exotic peoples and places. In other words, travel became secularised and consequently an instrument of learning. The main objective of this article is to direct attention to the fact that methodologies of travel challenged the traveller’s consciousness of the world as a locus of knowledge. Ideally speaking, the methodologies of travel or ars apodemica are the Art of Knowing – Man and the World.
En læges religion
Authors: Glebe-Møller Jens
Published: March 2020

Sir Thomas Browne (1605-82) is a well-known figure in English Literature. His most famous book is probably Urn Burial “seldom if ever equalled in English Prose.” Among his other works is the large Pseuudoxia Epidemica or Vulgar Errors, published in 1646, in which he discusses errors in the natural sciences, in history, and in the history of the Bible. At the order of King Frederic III a secretary in the Danish Chancellery, Gabriel Knudsen Akeleye, translated, with considerable difficulty, this book into Danish. The translation, which was never published, is still to be found in The Royal Library. Under the heading “A Danish work on Religion in general” yet another translation of (most of) one of Browne´s books, Religio Medici (A Doctor’s religion) has recently been discovered in The Royal Library. In this book, which is a kind of report on Browne´s views as a doctor and as a Christian, we read the famous sentence: “I perceive every mans owne reason is his best Oedipus.” Though Browne regarded himself as a Christian, his appeal to reason made him suspicious in the eyes of orthodox theologians, but conversely popular among contemporary critics of religion. Therefore Religio Medici is often mentioned in the so-called “clandestine” literature of the time. Browne was also involved in the famous witch-trial which took place in Suffolk in 1664. At this occasion he referred to a similar trial two years earlier in Køge.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Forfattere Flere
Published: March 2020

Karen Skovgaard-Petersen:J.F.C. Danneskiold-Samsøe: Muses and Patrons. Cultures of Natural Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century Scandinavia. Ugglan Minervaserien 10. Lunds Universitet 2004. ISBN 91-974153-9-1. 510 sider.Morten Fink-Jensen: Fornuften under troens lydighed. Naturfilosofi, medicin og teologi i Danmark 1536-1636. Museum Tusculanums Forlag 2004. ISBN 87-7289-952-2. 418 sider. Niels Bo Foltmann:Yvonne Wasserloos, Kulturgezeiten. Niels W. Gade und C.F.E. Horneman in Leipzig und Kopenhagen (= Studien und Materialien zur Musikwissenschaft, Band 36). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 2004. 630 s. ISBN 3-487-12599-4.
“Jeg sender nogle nye messer …”. Om Rasmus Heinssen og repertoiret i Christian 3.s kantori i midten af 1500-tallet
Authors: Kongsted Ole
Published: March 2020

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Rasmus Heinssen (1530-1602), der 1555-1556 als sangmester genannt wird, was heißt, dass er als Leiter der Hofkantorei im Dienste Christians 3. stand. Um die Jahreswende 1556-1557 zog er in die Luther-Stadt Wittenberg, um dort mit königlichem Stipendium zu studieren. Nachdem er 1560 an der Universität Wittenberg den Magistergrad erworben hatte, kehrte er wenig später nach Dänemark zurück. Dennoch wurde er nicht wieder in sein altes Amt eingesetzt, da Christian 3. in der Zwischenzeit gleich drei neue Sangmeister angestellt hatte, beauftragt mit der Durchführung einer Reform der Musikverhältnisse am Hofe. Heinssen kommt deshalb nur eine kurzzeitige Bedeutung für die königliche Hofmusik zu. Seine Karriere sollte in der Folgezeit offenbar mehr auf die Bereiche Unterrichtswesen und Kirche gerichtet sein. Nach einer Anstellung in Bordesholm wurde er 1564 als Kanonicus an das Domkapitel nach Schleswig beordert, wo er 1567 zum Konrektor, 1573 zum Vizearchidiakon, 1581 zum Archidiakon in Ribe und im Jahre 1587 schließlich zum Archidiakon in Schleswig aufstieg. Seine Amtstätigkeit war – wahrscheinlich aufgrund seiner ohne Zweifel streitlustigen und rechthaberischen Natur – mit einer ansehnlichen Reihe von gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzungen ausgefüllt. Sie betrafen zumeist das kirchliche Recht auf Einkünfte. In diesem Zusammenhang hatte er sich häufig mit Angehörigen der bedeutsamen Familie Rantzau zu schlagen. Ein gewichtiges Detail hat dennoch mit Musik zu tun: Ein längerer undatierter, wohl aus dem Jahre 1557 stammender Brief, führt auf einer Liste von 20 Büchern, die Heinssen von Wittenberg aus an die königliche Bibliothek senden ließ, auch vier Messen auf. Sie sind sämtlich im Jahre 1557 in Löwen gedruckt und von Clemens non Papa komponiert. Die Sendung ist insofern interessant, weil es sich bei diesen Musikalien um Messordinarien handelt – um eine Gattung, die im Blick auf die überlieferten Manuskripte aus der Zeit der Hofmusik Christians 3. – 1541 und 1556 – nur schwach vertreten ist. Wenn Heinssen solche Materialien nach Kopenhagen gesandt hat, muss dies aus der Gewissheit geschehen sein, dass es dafür am dänischen Hof Verwendungsmöglichkeiten gab. Von einer kompositorischen Tätigkeit Heinssens ist nichts bekannt; die Symbolummotette Zu Gott mein Trost allein – in KB, GKS 1873, quarto, vermutlich gegen Ende 1556 oder gleich zu Anfang des Jahres 1557 niedergeschrieben – könnte von ihm stammen. Siehe die Illustration auf Seite 52.
The Copenhagen Connection: Resources for Clavichord Players in 18th–Century Denmark
Authors: Hogwood Christopher
Published: March 2020

Artiklen giver en oversigt over kilder til belysning af clavichord-spil og clavichordmusik i Danmark i det 18. århundrede med udgangspunkt i Det Kongelige Biblioteks samlinger. Efter en oversigt over udbredelsen af instrumentet i Danmark følger en annoteret registrant over didaktiske værker, der har været kendt og benyttet i Danmark i det 18. århundrede med særlig fokus på C.A. Thielos Tanker og Regler fra 1746. Herefter følger en alfabetisk, kommenteret liste over komponister af clavichordmusik med tilknytning til Danmark, herunder en detaljeret analyse af de af H.O.C. Zinks værker, der er relevante i denne sammenhæng. I de afsluttende Appendices gives dels en indholdsanalyse af det københavnske musikperiodikum Apollo (1795-1808), dels in indholdsanalyse af et par af Zinks samlinger. Endelig afsluttes med en engelsk oversættelse af Zinks omfattende forord til hans Sechs Claviersonaten, trykt i Hamborg 1783.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Forfattere Flere
Published: March 2020

Kirsten Dreyer:ANDERSEN. H.C. Andersens samlede værker 1-18. Udgivet af Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab under redaktion af Klaus P. Mortensen. Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab/Gyldendal 2003-07.Helge Torm: H.C. Andersens Sorø I. Sorøegnens Erhvervs- og Turistråd. 2005. 238 s. Erik Aschengreen:Dramaturgiske Pennetegninger. Herman Bang som teateressayist. En antologi. Udgivet og kommenteret af Knud Arne Jürgensen. Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007. 452 sider m. illustrationer. Pris 299,-. Henrik Horstbøll:Martin Dyrbye, Jørgen Svane-Mikkelsen, Leif Lørring og Anders Ørum: Det stærke folkebibliotek. 100 år med Danmarks Biblioteksforening. Udgivet af Danmarks Biblioteksforening og Danmarks Biblioteksskole 2005. 271 s.
Carsten Niebuhr, Tobias Mayer und die Längengrade
Authors: Lohmeier Dieter
Published: March 2020

I 1714 udskrev det engelske parlament en konkurrence om den såkaldte længdepris. Man ville hermed fremme losningen af et problem, der var vigtigt for skibenes navigation i rum so, nemlig den nøjagtige bestemmelse af længdegraderne. Men 40 ar senere var problemet endnu ikke lost. I 1754 indsendte Tobias Mayer (1723-1762), kartograf og astronom ved universitetet i Göttingen, sit bidrag. Han havde offentliggjort tavler med nøjagtige forudberegninger af manens bevægelser og udviklet en metode til at beregne længdegraden af iagttagerens position ved hjalp af disse tavler pa grundlag af en maling af afstanden mellem manen og bestemte fiksstjerner og af vinklen mellem observationerne af de to himmellegemer. Bedømmelsen af hans bidrag trak ud i årevis. Da Carsten Niebuhr fik i 1758 privatundervisning hos Tobias Mayer for at kunne forberede sig pa sine opgaver som geograf inden den arabiske rejse, vandt han efterhånden Mayers fortrolighed i så høj grad, at denne lod ham fa kendskab til de matematiske procedurer, som var grundlag for den praktiske anvendelse af sin metode, og han tillod ham at kopiere månetavlerne, som Mayer havde yderligere forbedret siden 1754. Kilder, der hidtil ikke har varet udnyttet, dokumenterer, at Niebuhr pa eget initiativ ganske bevidst benyttede den første del af den arabiske rejse, sørejsen gennem Atlanterhavet og Middelhavet, til at gennemprøve Mayers metode i praksis. Han kunne således bekræfte over for Mayer kort for dennes død i 1762, at metoden var brugbar i praksis og gav præcise resultater. I England blev man først senere færdig med at gennemprøve Mayers forslag i praksis, og i 1765 fik han posthumt en del af længdeprisen. I den officielle publikation af Mayers månetavler og vejledningen til deres brug, der udkom i London i 1770, blev også Niebuhrs længdegradsbestemmelser medtaget. Endnu årtier senere betragtede man blandt astronomer lagmanden Niebuhrs præcise malinger og beregninger med den største respekt.
Hans Brøchners forelæsninger om Kierkegaard
Authors: Koch Carl Henrik
Published: March 2020

Philosopher Hans Brøchner (1820-1875) was a distant relative of Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and was the person among his contemporaries who wrote what were probably the most well-known and comprehensive memoirs about him. Although their views of Christianity and philosophy were diametrically opposed, the younger author studied the older author’s works and was the first to present an overall exposition of Kierkegaard’s opus. Brøchner was appointed extraordinary lecturer in philosophy in 1857 and, as early as 1858-59, held the first lectures on Kierkegaard at the University of Copenhagen in which he faithfully and respectfully, but also critically, reviewed Kierkegaard’s works. He repeated this criticism in his contribution to the battle on faith and knowledge in the mid 1860s.
Om Henrik Smiths tillæg i udgaven af Christiern Pedersens Vocabularium ad usum Dacorum, Leipzig 1518
Authors: Boeck Simon Skovgaard
Published: March 2020

NB: Artiklen er på dansk, kun resuméet er på tysk. Simon Skovgaard Boeck: Über Henrik Smiths Ergänzungen zur Ausgabe von Christiern Pedersens Vocabularium ad usum dacorum, Leipzig 1518. Während eines Aufenthalts in Leipzig war Henrik Smith (ca. 1495-1563) als Kor­rektor für den Buchdrucker Melchior Lotter tätig, der 1517-1518 mehrere Schrif­ten von Christiern Pedersen (ca. 1480-1554) nachdruckte. Dazu gehörte die dritte Ausgabe des ersten dänischen Lateinwörterbuchs, Vocabularium ad usum dacorum (ursprünglich 1510 in Paris erschienen). Diese Ausgabe hat Henrik Smith – wahr­scheinlich auf Lotters Aufforderung – um einige lateinische Wörter und deren däni­sche Entsprechungen ergänzt. Bei diesen Nachträgen handelt es sich um Listen mit Kürzeln, Pflanzen, Steinen und Mineralien, Essen und Getränken sowie Personen (Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen). Diese Nachträge haben ein unbeachtetes Dasein geführt, obwohl ihnen wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Sprachgeschichte vieler dänischer Wörter zu entnehmen sind. In diesem Artikel erscheinen die Nachträge deshalb in kommentierter Form, zumal die Quellen, auf die Smith bei der Erstellung zurück­gegriffen hat, erläutert werden. Der Artikel stellt somit eine buchgeschichtliche Er­gänzung unseres Wissens über einen der ersten dänischen Volksaufklärer und seine Arbeitspraxis dar.
Worms mexicanske hieroglyffer. Om en kopi af et mixtekisk håndskrift i Det Kongelige Bibliotek
Authors: Nielsen Jesper
Published: March 2020

NB: Artiklen er på dansk, kun resuméet er på engelsk. Jesper Nielsen: Worm’s Mexican hieroglyphs. About a copy of a Mixtec manuscript in The Royal Library. Among The Royal Library’s collection of manuscripts is a piece (NKS 2064 fol.) titled Hieroglyphica Mexicana quae in sui Recordationem Reliquit J. Ludolphus. The piece is a handwritten copy of a small part of the pre-Columbian Mixtec screen-fold book known as Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1. Firstly, this article provides an account of the copy’s genesis and its historic value and research value, subsequently, it de­scribes the historic and genealogic information contained in the copy. Hieroglyphica Mexicana is derived from Ole Worm’s (1588-1654) famous natural and cultural histori­cal collection, but was originally exported by the German orientalist Hiob Ludolph (1624-1704) while visiting Duke William of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach in 1650, who had the codex in his cabinet. In 1651, Ludolph gave Ole Worm the copy while visiting Copenhagen. The copy is a drawing of the backside of Codex Vindobonensis, which tells about the Mixtec city of Tilantongos (Oaxaca, Mexico), three dynasties and covers the period from the 900s and up to the mid-1400s. The part which Ludolph chose to copy originated from the lower part of page XII of the codex and is about the second dynasty in the mid-1300s, including the marriage of ♀ 3 Rabbit, Spiderweb Stone and ♂ 9 House, Mexican Jaguar from the neighbouring state Teozacualco in the year 5 Reed (1355 A.D.) Ludolph’s original copy is far more precise than the print, which was published in Museum Wormanium, the catalogue on Worm’s collection, in 1655, and which has often been depicted when referring to Ludolph’s copy. In relation to our understanding of the original Codex Vindobonensis, it is possible that the copy shows details which have disappeared from the original since 1650.
Da fotograf Peter Elfelt “føjede billedet til historieskrivningen”
Authors: Wolthers Louise
Published: March 2020

NB: Artiklen er på dansk, kun resuméet er på engelsk. Louise Wolthers: When photographer Peter Elfelt “added the picture to the writing of history”. The Centre for Maps and Pictures of The Royal Library contains a large collection of photographs, accounting books and records from Peter Elfelt (1866-1931). Photo­graphs from Elfelt & Co. was already marketed as “historic pictures” to their contem­poraries and have frequently been used in later works, particularly popular history books. The article analyses a number of the sociocultural contexts, which the pictures have functioned in and illustrates which type of Danish history the photographs have mediated. Among other things, Elfelt’s work as a modern business man and his role as ‘auteur’ are included, while focusing on the use of his photographs in advertising for one of his major customers, clothing manufacturer Francis Zachariae. The pho­tographs primarily show to have communicated and supported a national romantic and nostalgic view of history, which has gained authority due to the apparent objec­tivity of the photograph. In the article, more principal questions on the role of photographs in historiography are touched upon. Official and private picture collections contain extensive photographic material from the previous century which may contribute to a historic knowledge which cannot be gained through written sources. But why are photographs then solely used in the historic field as passive illustrations? Which challenges do they represent to the critical methodology and how can we even address the historical pho­tograph?
Anmeldelser
Authors: Bak Sofie Lene
Published: March 2020

Sofie Lene Bak anmelder:Martin Schwarz Lausten: Jødesympati og jødehad i Folkekirken. Forholdet mellem kristne og jøder i Danmark fra begyndelsen af det 20. århundrede til 1948. Forlaget Anis, Frederiksberg, 2007.
Tycho Brahes supernova i 1572 set med samtidens øjne. Religiøse og astronomiske tolkninger hos Georg Busch og Rasmus Hansen Reravius
Authors: Fink-Jensen Morten
Published: March 2020

NB: Artiklen er på dansk, kun resuméet er på engelsk.The appearance of the supernova in 1572 gave rise to a series of publications on the unknown heavenly body’s nature and significance. The most famous is the work by Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, De nova stella, in which the author maintained that it must be a question of a new star. But even though Tycho’s observations had far-reaching implications for the history of science, there were other contemporary interpretations of the heavenly phenomenon that attracted greater public attention. Georg Busch, a German painter, was one of the first to write about the phenomenon. According to Busch, it was a comet. He further claimed that it had been created by human sin having generated steam made up of impurities that, condensed into a tight ball, had risen into the air, where it was ignited by oxygen as a comet. Busch’s book was very popular in Germany and in Scandinavia as well, where it was published in a translation by a clergyman, Rasmus Hansen Reravius (Danish was also the written language in Norway at the time) and in a Swedish translation based on Reravius’ work. Reravius, however, published his work after Tycho, to whom Reravius refers indirectly, had made his theory public. As a result, Reravius emphasised the phrase “new start” in his title and preface and is therefore one of the first popularising authors in whose work a spillover from Tycho’s observations is evident. Reravius’ intention was, however, certainly not to make Tycho’s astronomy better known but, on the contrary, to preach repentance and penance to the population, since, for Scandinavian readers, he had put forward Busch’s interpretation of the “comet.” This interpretation, according to which the comet was not only a warning sign from God to humankind but that it had been actually, physically created by sin, does not seem to have spread very far in Europe generally but was apparently particularly appealing to Lutheran society in the 1500s. In any case, it is only in these countries that the theory was proposed, first and foremost through Busch and his Nordic translators. Closer examination of these publications thus gives us not only an insight into how new knowledge was disseminated in the 1500s. In a broader perspective, it also gives an insight into the Protestant world of ideas, in which religious and scientific explanations were interwoven.