bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile phone use in young adults who self‐identify as being “Very stressed out” or “Zen”: An exploratory study
Authors: Majeur Danie , Leclaire Sarah , Raymond Catherine , Léger Pierre‐Majorique , Juster Robert Paul , Lupien Sonia J.
Published: April 2020

Previous studies have reported a positive association between mobile phone use and psychological stress. However, the reasons why stressed out individuals use their cell phones more are not clear. To gain further insight on this relationship, we performed secondary analyses on a database of 87 healthy young adults aged 18–35 years who self‐categorized themselves as being “Very stressed out” (N = 46) or “Zen” (N = 41). All participants were assessed for psychological stress, duration and nature (hedonistic vs. utilitarian) of mobile phone use, involvement with the mobile phone and levels of nomophobia. Results controlled for the exploratory nature of this study showed that although “Very stressed out” and “Zen” individuals used their mobile phone for the same amount of time and were equally involved with it, “Very stressed out” individuals reported a greater use of their mobile phone for hedonistic purposes and were more nomophobic than “Zen” individuals. The results of this exploratory study suggest that highly stressed out individuals might use hedonistic functions of their mobile phone as a tool to deal with stress, thus explaining why they present greater levels of nomophobia.
Availability analysis of design configurations to compose virtual performance‐optimized data center systems in next‐generation cloud data centers
Authors: Rosendo Daniel , Gomes Demis , Leoni Santos Guto , Silva Leylane , Moreira Andre , Kelner Judith , Sadok Djamel , Gonçalves Glauco , Mehta Amardeep , Wildeman Mattias , Takako Endo Patricia
Published: April 2020

Next‐generation cloud data centers are based on software‐defined data center infrastructures that promote flexibility, automation, optimization, and scalability. The Redfish standard and the Intel Rack Scale Design technology enable software‐defined infrastructure and disaggregate bare‐metal compute, storage, and networking resources into virtual pools to dynamically compose resources and create virtual performance‐optimized data centers (vPODs) tailored to workload‐specific demands. This article proposes four chassis design configurations based on Distributed Management Task Force's Redfish industry standard applied to compose vPOD systems, namely, a fully shared design, partially shared homogeneous design, partially shared heterogeneous design, and not shared design; their main difference is based on the used hardware disaggregation level. Furthermore, we propose models that combine reliability block diagram and stochastic Petri net modeling approaches to represent the complexity of the relationship between the pool of disaggregated hardware resources and their power and cooling sources in a vPOD. These four proposed design configurations were analyzed and compared in terms of availability and component's sensitivity indexes by scaling their configurations considering different data center infrastructure. From the obtained results, we can state that, in general, when one increases the hardware disaggregation, availability is improved. However, after a given point, the availability level of the fully shared, partially shared homogeneous, and partially shared heterogeneous configurations remain almost equal, while the not shared configuration is still able to improve its availability.
How Does the Fluorination of the Linker Affect the Structural Chemistry of Trimesate‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs)?
Authors: Smets Daniel , Ruschewitz Uwe
Published: April 2020

FMOFs, i.e. metal‐organic frameworks with linkers with fluoro substituents, were supposed to show enhanced thermal and chemical stability as well as high gas affinity and hydrophobicity. However, at least for aromatic carboxylate ligands it was shown in a subsequent work that fluoro substituents weaken the C(phenyl)‐COO– bond and thus facilitate decarboxylation leading to a decreased chemical and thermal stability. Nonetheless, it was concluded that linker fluorination leads to a rich structural chemistry, as the torsion angle between the phenyl ring and the carboxylate group is significantly increased in these compounds. Here, we present the very first examples of four MOFs all based on Sr2+ cations and trimesate‐based linkers with three different degrees of fluorination as well as the known non‐fluorinated counterpart: [Sr(HL)(H2O)]·n H2O [1: L = mF‐BTC3–, n = 0.5, P1, Z = 2; 2: L = dF‐BTC3–, n = 0.5, C2/c, Z = 8; 3: L = pF‐BTC3–, n = 1.5, C2/c, Z = 8; 4: L = BTC3–, n = 0.5, P1, Z = 2; BTC3– ≡ 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate (trimesate); mF‐BTC3– ≡ monofluorinated trimesate, dF‐BTC3– ≡ difluorinated trimesate, pF‐BTC3– ≡ per‐(tri‐)fluorinated trimesate]. Whereas 1 and known 4 are found to crystallize in isotypic structures and 2 in a very similar structural arrangement [all CN(Sr2+) = 9], 3 with the highest degree of fluorination exhibits a completely different crystal structure [CN(Sr2+) = 8], which is already obvious from the different composition. It is shown that the torsion angles between the phenyl ring and the carboxylate groups play an important structure‐directing role. DSC/TGA investigations confirm that with increasing fluorination the thermal stability is decreased. However, the release temperature of water, i.e. the affinity to water, increases with the number of fluoro substituents.
Conformal two-point correlation functions from the operator product expansion
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Prilepina Valentina , Skiba Witold
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We compute the most general embedding space two-point function in arbitrary Lorentz representations in the context of the recently introduced formalism in [1, 2]. This work provides a first explicit application of this approach and furnishes a number of checks of the formalism. We project the general embedding space two-point function to position space and find a form consistent with conformal covariance. Several concrete examples are worked out in detail. We also derive constraints on the OPE coefficient matrices appearing in the two-point function, which allow us to impose unitarity conditions on the two-point function coefficients for operators in any Lorentz representations.
An effective field theory approach to quarkonium at small transverse momentum
Authors: Fleming Sean , Makris Yiannis , Mehen Thomas
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In this work we apply effective field theory (EFT) to observables in quarkonium production and decay that are sensitive to soft gluon radiation, in particular measurements that are sensitive to small transverse momentum. Within the EFT framework we study χ

Q
decay to light quarks followed by the fragmentation of those quarks to light hadrons. We derive a factorization theorem that involves transverse momentum distribution (TMD) fragmentation functions and new quarkonium TMD shape functions. We derive renormalization group equations, both in rapidity and virtuality, which are used to evolve the different terms in the factorization theorem to resum large logarithms. This theoretical framework will provide a systematic treatment of quarkonium production and decay processes in TMD sensitive measurements.
Ungenutztes Potenzial – Gesundheits-Apps für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Lampert Claudia
Published: April 2020

Gesundheits-Apps erfahren zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit und verstärkt Rückenwind aus der Politik. Der Markt ist aktuell durch eine sehr hohe Dynamik und Unübersichtlichkeit gekennzeichnet, die es einerseits unmöglich macht, das Angebot an Gesundheits-Apps quantitativ oder auch qualitativ zu fassen. Andererseits erschwert bzw. verunmöglicht die derzeitige Situation den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern, „gute“, d. h. seriöse und verlässliche Angebote zu identifizieren.

Aufgrund fehlender einheitlicher Definitionen und verbindlicher Qualitätsstandards finden sich zahlreiche Gesundheits-Apps, die kurzfristige gesundheitsbezogene Erfolge versprechen, wissenschaftlich nicht (hinreichend) fundiert oder hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes bedenklich sind. Gleichzeitig fehlt es an aktuellen Untersuchungen mit zielgruppenspezifischen Befunden zum Stellenwert und zur Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps, die über reine Anwendungsstudien hinausweisen. Vorliegende Studien zeigen, dass eine Smartphoneaffinität und das Interesse an (Gesundheits‑)Apps nicht automatisch bedeuten, dass die digitalen Angebote nach dem Download auch genutzt werden.

Angesichts der dünnen Forschungslage kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Potenziale von Gesundheits-Apps sowohl von den Anbietern als auch von den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft werden. In der Herstellung von Transparenz (u. a. in Bezug auf Datenerfassung, -verarbeitung, -schutz und die wissenschaftliche Fundierung), der (Weiter‑)Entwicklung von Qualitätsstandards sowie in der Förderung einer digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz, einschließlich der Bereitstellung zielgruppenadäquater Tools für eine Einschätzung und Auswahl von Gesundheits-Apps, werden zentrale Ansatzpunkte gesehen, um die Potenziale von Gesundheits-Apps insbesondere mit Blick auf Kinder und Jugendliche besser nutzbar zu machen.
Gewalt gegen Frauen – eine Auswertung von sieben Jahren Gewaltopferambulanz am Institut für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald (2011–2017)
Authors: Brackrock D. , Dokter M. , Eckhoff C. , Philipp K.-P. , Bockholdt B.
Published: April 2020

Die körperliche Untersuchung gewaltbetroffener, lebender Personen, aber auch in Fällen von Selbstbeschädigung, gehört zur täglichen Routine der rechtsmedizinischen Institute. Gleichwohl sind auch Ärzte anderer Fachrichtungen mit Opfern von fremder Gewalt konfrontiert. Die vorliegende Studie soll die Bedeutung einer gerichtsfesten Befunddokumentation bei Betroffenen häuslicher Gewalt außerhalb eines Strafverfahrens unterstreichen. In einer retrospektiven Querschnittsstudie wurden die Daten aus der rechtsmedizinischen Gewaltopferambulanz des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald der Jahre 2011–2017 systematisch untersucht. Die Untersuchung ergab u. a. einen steigenden Anteil weiblicher Betroffener im Untersuchungsgut und als häufigsten Untersuchungsanlass den Verdacht auf häusliche Gewalt. Durch die jährlich steigenden Fallzahlen wird die Bedeutung der rechtsmedizinischen Gewaltopferambulanz für die umfassende Versorgung von Betroffenen von (häuslicher) Gewalt deutlich.
Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Addai Daniel , Zarkos Jacqueline , Bowey Andrew James
Published: April 2020

Background

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a complex 3D structural disorder of the spine that has a significant impact on a person's physical and emotionalstatus. Thus, efforts have been made to identify the cause of the curvature and improve management outcomes.

Aim

This comprehensive review looks at the relevant literature surrounding the possible aetio-pathogenesis of AIS, its clinical features, investigations, surgicalmanagement options, and reported surgical outcomes in anterior spinal fusion, posterior spinal fusion or combined approach in the treatment of AIS.
Adapting spherical-harmonics-based geometric morphometrics (SPHARM) for 3D images containing large cavity openings using ambient occlusion: a study with hermit crab claw shape variability
Authors: Ege Yannic C. , Foth Christian , Baum Daniel , Wirkner Christian S. , Richter Stefan
Published: April 2020

One of the advantages of mesh-based geometric morphometrics (GM) over landmark-based approaches, is that it affords the possibility of the precise examination of highly irregular shapes and complex topographic surfaces. In the case of spherical-harmonic-based GM, the main prerequisite is a completely closed mesh surface, which is often lacking, particularly when dealing with natural objects. Here we present a methodology to prepare 3D segmentations with large cavity openings for spherical-harmonics-based GM analysis. This will be exemplified by a case study of hermit crab (Paguroidea, Decapoda, and Crustacea) claws. The joint openings of the claws—between manus and ‘movable finger’ (dactylus)—typify the problem of the large cavity opening. We described a methodology, including an ambient-occlusion-based segmentation algorithm, which leads to precise results and thereby enables the study of inter- and intraspecific differences in the shape of hermit crab claws. Analysis showed a statistically significant separation between all examined diogenid and pagurid claws, whereas separation observed between all left and right claws was not significant. Additionally, the procedure offers other benefits: it is easy to reproduce and causes little variance in the data, closures integrate smoothly into the overall structures and the algorithm saves a significant amount of time.
Chasing a ghost: notes on the present distribution and conservation of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Maria Joana , Paddock Christina , Gerini Federica , Borges Filipa , Aleixo-Pais Isa , Costa Mafalda , Colmonero-Costeira Ivo , Casanova Catarina , Lecoq Miguel , Silva Cristina , Bruford Michael W. , Varanda Jorge , Minhós Tânia
Published: April 2020

The West-African sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) is threatened by habitat loss, hunting for meat consumption, and mortality during crop-foraging events. The species’ overall demographic trend is unknown. Presence and distribution in Guinea-Bissau, a country neighbored by Senegal and Republic of Guinea, was confirmed in 1946 but the species was declared extinct in 1989 and not observed in subsequent countrywide expeditions. Narratives of its presence across southern Guinea-Bissau are scattered in reports and occurrence in the eastern part was reported in 2017, but the limits of its distribution are currently unknown. Here, we present recent geo-referenced visual and molecular-based records of the sooty mangabey for three protected areas in southern Guinea-Bissau collected as part of a region-wide survey. Individuals were observed in Cufada Lagoons Natural Park (2015) and Dulombi National Park (NP) (2016) and photographed in Boé NP (2007, 2015 and 2020). Thirty-six samples collected in Boé NP (2017) were identified as sooty mangabey using a 402 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Our work suggests a wider distribution in Guinea-Bissau than previously described, augments knowledge of the populations’ current habitat use and threats, and has implications for efforts to conserve the species in West Africa. Considering the sooty mangabey as the reservoir of the simian immunodeficiency virus that led to the human variant, HIV-2, confirmation that the Guinea-Bissau population is not extinct may lead to a better understanding of early viral jump to humans and consequent epidemic spread, specifically of the HIV-2 Subgroup A. We highlight the need for extra conservation measures by Guinea-Bissau authorities.
Potential establishment and ecological effects of bighead and silver carp in a productive embayment of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Ivan Lori N. , Mason Doran M. , Zhang Hongyan , Rutherford Edward S. , Hunter Tim , Sable Shaye , Adamack Aaron T. , Rose Kenneth
Published: April 2020

Bighead carp H. nobilis and silver carp Hypothalmichthys molitrix (collectively bigheaded carps, BHC) are invasive planktivorous fishes that threaten to enter the Laurentian Great Lakes and disrupt food webs. To assess the likelihood of BHC establishment and their likely effects on the food web of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, we developed a multi-species individual-based bioenergetics model that tracks individual bighead and silver carp, four key fish species, and seven prey biomass groups over 50 years. The model tracks the daily consumption, mortality and growth of all individuals and the biomass dynamics of interacting prey pools. We ran simulation scenarios to determine the likelihood of BHC establishment under initial introductions from 5 to 1 million yearling and older individuals, and assuming variable age-0 carp survival rates (high, intermediate, and low). We bounded the survival of age-0 BHC as recruitment continues to be one of the biggest unknowns. We also simulated the potential effects of an established population of 1 million bighead carp or silver carp assuming variation in age-0 survival. Results indicated that as few as 10 BHC could establish a population assuming high or intermediate age-0 survival, but at least 100,000 individuals were needed to establish a population assuming low age-0 survival. BHC had negative effects on plankton and planktivorous fish biomass, which increased with BHC density. However, piscivorous walleye Sander vitreus appeared to benefit from BHC establishment. The potential for BHC to establish and affect ecologically and economically important fish species in Saginaw Bay is a cause for concern.
Causation between Pathway Completion and Reduced Hospital Stay in Patients with Lung Cancer: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Furuhata Hiroki , Araki Kenji , Ogawa Taisuke
Published: April 2020

We have previously demonstrated that clinical pathway completion helps reduce hospital stays. However, our previous results showed only a correlation, not causation. Therefore, the current study’s aim was to analyze the causation between clinical pathway completion and reduced hospital stays for patients with lung cancer. Data were collected from April 2013 to March 2018 from the electronic medical records of the University of Miyazaki Hospital. We used propensity score matching to extract records from 227 patients. Patients were further divided into a pathway completed group and a pathway not completed group; 74 patients in each group were available for data analysis. Our main analysis involved estimating the discharge curve, which was comprised of the in-hospital rate and hospital stay. Additional analyzes were performed to compare the frequency of medical treatments registered in the clinical pathway but not implemented (termed deviated medical treatments). The occurrence of these treatments meant that the clinical pathway was not completed. The main results indicated a decrease in the in-hospital rate of the completion group, compared with the not completed group. The p value of the log-rank test was <0.001 for total patients and patients who underwent resection, and 0.017 for patients who did not undergo resection. Additional results indicated that a number of intravenous drips were not implemented, despite their registration on clinical pathways. Our results indicate that clinical pathway completion contributes to improved efficiency and safety. This simplified procedure is expected to be applicable to other diseases and clinical indicators.
Supervised Machine Learning mit Nutzergenerierten Inhalten: Oversampling für nicht balancierte Trainingsdaten
Authors: Stoll Anke
Published: April 2020

Viele der aktuell im Forschungsbereich Onlinekommunikation untersuchten Phänomene wie Hate Speech, Inzivilität oder Offensive Language kommen in einer Stichprobe aus Nutzergenerierten Inhalten (User Generated Content, UGC) vergleichsweise selten vor. Sind die Kategorien in einer Stichprobe nicht gleich verteilt, spricht man von unbalancierten Daten. Für die Textklassifikation mit Überwachtem Maschinellem Lernen (Supervised Machine Learning) sind solche nicht balancierten Stichproben häufig problematisch, da sie die automatisierte Identifikation der Katgeorien erschweren und Klassifikationsmodelle (Classifier) oft ungenau und unzuverlässig werden lassen. Kommt eine Kategorie in den Daten nur selten vor, kann sie durch ein statistisches Klassifikationsmodell nur schwer erlernt werden. Zudem tendieren viele ML-Algorithmen dazu, bei Unsicherheit die vorherrschende Kategorie in den Daten vorherzusagen, und die Klassifikation wird zugunsten der überrepräsentierten Kategorie verzerrt.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit die Methode des Oversampling die Klassifikation von UGC verbessern kann, wenn eine Kategorie in der Stichprobe deutlich unterrepräsentiert ist. Hierfür wurden anhand von verschiedenen nicht balancierten Stichproben aus deutsch- und englischsprachigen Tweets und Nutzerkommentaren Klassifikationsmodelle für die Identifikation von Offensive Language, Inzivilität und Sentiment trainiert und getestet. Verglichen wurden die Ergebnisse bevor und nachdem die Oversampling-Strategien ROS (Random Over Sampling) und SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) auf den Trainingsdaten angewendet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl ROS als auch SMOTE die Klassifikation von UGC in allen Stichproben deutlich verbessert, vor allem die Identifikation der unterrepräsentierten Kategorie. Die Anwendung von Oversampling führt zudem dazu, dass die Verzerrung der Schätzung zu Gunsten der vorherschenden Kategorie deutlich reduziert wird. Ziel der Studie ist es, Forschenden aus der Kommunikationswissenschaft Erkenntnisse darüber liefern, wie sich die Problematik von nicht balancierten Stichproben auf die automatisierte Inhaltsanalyse mit Supervised Machine Learning auswirkt und bis zu welchem Punkt diesem Problem mit Oversampling begegnet werden kann.
Effect of Heat Stress on Sargassum fusiforme Leaf Metabolome
Authors: Liu Lijie , Lin Lidong
Published: April 2020

Temperature is a major environmental factor affecting the growth, development, and productivity of Sargassum fusiforme. We aimed to assess the metabolic processes and regulatory mechanisms in S. fusiforme during a 7-day high-temperature (27 °C and 32 °C) experiment. Changes in chlorophyll content and electrolyte leakage after high-temperature treatment were investigated. Metabolic changes in the leaves of S. fusiforme were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. High temperatures suppressed chlorophyll content and increased electrolyte leakage. Further, a strong modulation of various metabolisms was observed: organic acids, amino acids, sugars or sugar alcohols, esters, and amines. These metabolisms were significantly enriched in ten pathways under the 27 °C treatment: aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; cyanoamino acid metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; citrate cycle (TCA cycle); and glucosinolate biosynthesis. The various metabolisms significantly enriched seven pathways under the 32 °C treatment, namely, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; nitrogen metabolism; and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. These changes in metabolic pathways may contribute to the tolerance and adaptability of S. fusiforme to high-temperature stress.
Predictors of Changes in Sleep Duration in Dutch Primary Schoolchildren: the ChecKid Study
Authors: Komrij Nina L. , van Stralen Maartje M. , Busch Vincent , Inhulsen Maj-Britt M. R. , Koning Maaike , de Jong Elske , Renders Carry M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Healthy sleep duration is essential to health and well-being in childhood and later life. Unfortunately, recent evidence shows a decline in sleep duration among children. Although effective interventions promoting healthy sleep duration require insight into its predictors, data on these factors are scarce. This study therefore investigated (i) which individual (lifestyle), social and cultural factors, and living conditions and (ii) which changes in these factors might be associated with the changes in sleep duration of Dutch primary schoolchildren observed over time.

Method

Data from the ChecKid study was used, a dynamic cohort study among 4–13-year-old children living in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands. Associations between changes in sleep duration and individual (lifestyle) factors (i.e., age, sex, physical activity behavior, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen behavior), social and cultural factors (i.e., parental rules, ethnicity), and living conditions (i.e., parental education, presence of screens in the bedroom, household size) were analyzed using multivariable linear regression.

Results

A total of 1180 children participated, aged 6.6 ± 1.4 years in 2009. Mean sleep duration decreased from 11.4 ± 0.5 h/night in 2009 to 11.0 ± 0.5 h/night in 2012. Older children, boys, children who used screens after dinner, children with greater computer/game console use, and children whose parents had low levels of education had a greater decrease in sleep duration.

Conclusions

This article reports on one of the first large, longitudinal cohort studies on predictors of child sleep duration. The results of the study can inform future interventions aimed at promoting healthy sleep in primary schoolchildren.
Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones over China
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Ren Fumin , Xie Yanjun , Li Guoping , Yang Ming-Jen , Feng Tian
Published: April 2020

Binary tropical cyclones (BTC) often bring disastrous rainfall to China. From the viewpoint of the extreme of the BTC maximum daily rainfall, the characteristics of BTC extreme rainfall (BTCER) during 1960–2018 are analyzed, using daily rainfall data; and some representative large-scale mean flows, in which the associated BTCs are embedded, are analyzed. Results show that the frequency of BTCER shows a decreasing trend [−0.49 (10 yr)−1] and is mainly distributed within the BTC heavy rainstorm interval (100 mm ≤ BTCER <250 mm). BTCER occurs mostly from July to September with a peak in August. Three BTCER typical regions— Minbei, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Taiwan—are identified according to the clustering of stations with high BTCER frequency and large BTCER. A further analysis of the 850-hPa BTC composite horizontal wind and water vapor flux over the PRD region shows the existence of two water vapor transport channels, which transport water vapor to the western tropical cyclone. In the first of these channels, the transport takes place via the southwest monsoon, which accounts for 58% of the total moisture, and an easterly flow associated with eastern tropical cyclone accounts for the remaining 42%.
Lernen im Prozess der Arbeit: Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Evaluation einer Weiterbildung zur manuellen Montage unter Einsatz von Autorensystemen
Authors: Goppold Marvin , Frenz Martin
Published: April 2020

Der Beitrag stellt ein Weiterbildungskonzept für formal Nichtqualifizierte als heterogene Zielgruppe in der industriellen manuellen Montage vor. Auf Grundlage einer arbeitswissenschaftlichen Analyse der Erwerbsarbeit wird ein gestaltungsorientiertes Lernkonzept vorgestellt, das arbeitsintegriert eingesetzt wird. Die Nutzung der Autorensystemmethode ermöglicht es, den Arbeitsprozess mit einem Lernprozess der Videotutorialerstellung zu überlagern und dadurch die Arbeitsprozessgestaltung zu reflektieren. Basierend auf der didaktischen Leitidee der reflexiven Handlungsfähigkeit wird die Vorgehensweise von der Arbeitsanalyse bis zur Ausgestaltung der konkreten Lehr-Lern-Arrangements aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluation mit Hilfe einer Kompetenzbilanzierung und Bewertung der Tutorials als Arbeitsergebnisse zeigen die Unterschiede in der heterogenen Zielgruppe und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten auf.

Praktische Relevanz:Der Beitrag zeigt eine arbeitsprozessbegleitende Kompetenzbilanzierung, welche für Zertifizierungen genutzt werden kann. Daneben wird ein Best-Practice-Beispiel für die Umsetzung von arbeitsprozessintegriertem Lernen erläutert, welches auf viele innerbetriebliche Prozesse von produzierenden Branchen übertragen werden kann. Das Konzept ermöglicht Lernen direkt am Arbeitsplatz und fördert Prozessverständnis, welches im kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess von hoher Relevanz ist.
Helicobacter pylori infection induced genome instability and gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Irfan Muhammad , Xu Xingzhi , Tay Chi-Yen , Marshall Barry J.
Published: April 2020

Genome stability and integrity are constantly challenged by exogenous insults such as bacterial infections. When genome stability is perturbed, oncogenic transformation can ensue.Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is a driving factor of gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mechanistically,H. pyloriinfection drives inflammation and directly or indirectly induces DNA damage such as oxidative damage and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in host cells. In addition, the resulting genetic and/or epigenetic perturbations alter the choice of DNA repair pathways. These changes result in imprecise DNA repair, genomic instability as well as chromosomal aberrations that eventually lead to gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms howH. pyloriinfection cause DNA damage and alter the DNA damage response pathways in host cells. We highlight the relationship betweenH. pyloriinfection and genomic instability that can lead to gastric cancer and propose a potential strategy to interrupt gastric carcinogenesis.
Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Wilcox Matthew , Gregory Holly , Powell Rebecca , Quick Tom J. , Phillips James B.
Published: April 2020

Purpose of Review

This review focuses on biomechanical and cellular considerations required for development of biomaterials and engineered tissues suitable for implantation following PNI, as well as translational requirements relating to outcome measurements for testing success in patients.

Recent Findings

Therapies that incorporate multiple aspects of the regenerative environment are likely to be key to improving therapies for nerve regeneration. This represents a complex challenge when considering the diversity of biological, chemical and mechanical factors involved. In addition, clinical outcome measures following peripheral nerve repair which are sensitive and responsive to changes in the tissue microenvironment following neural injury and regeneration are required.

Effective new therapies for the treatment of PNI are likely to include engineered tissues and biomaterials able to evoke a tissue microenvironment that incorporates both biochemical and mechanical features supportive to regeneration. Translational development of these technologies towards clinical use in humans drives a concomitant need for improved clinical measures to quantify nerve regeneration.
Targeted recruitment of optimal donors for unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Fingrut Warren , Messner Hans A. , Allan David
Published: April 2020

Objective/Background:

Patients in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation often cannot find a suitable HLA-matched donor in their families and rely on unrelated donors. Individuals can register with their country’s donor registry either online or at a stem cell drive by providing consent and a tissue sample for typing.

Methods:

Stem Cell Club is a donor recruitment organization in Canada that recruits Canadians as stem cell donors. This article outlines the Stem Cell Club’s protocol for donor recruitment at stem cell drives including five core components: prescreening, informed consent, registration, tissue sample collection, and reconciliation.

Results:

At stem cell drives, recruiters approach individuals from the most-needed demographic groups, catch their attention, explain the purpose of the drive, and prescreen them to ensure eligibility. Recruiters then secure informed consent, educating registrants about the stem cell donation process, the risks involved, the right to withdraw, and donor-patient anonymity. Recruiters subsequently ask registrants to register by providing their contact/demographic information, completing a health questionnaire, and signing a consent form. Recruiters also guide registrants to provide a tissue sample (e.g., buccal swab) for typing. Finally, recruiters reconcile completed registration kits and prepare them for shipment to the donor registry. Data are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of stem cell drives employing this protocol on recruitment of the most-needed donor demographics and of quality donors.

Conclusion:

This protocol incorporates best practices for unrelated donor recruitment. It is relevant to donor recruitment organizations worldwide seeking to improve their recruitment efforts and standardize registrant experience.
Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries in Snow Parks: A Study Based on Self-Reported Practitioners’ Statements
Authors: Reynier Véronique M. , Soulé Bastien J. , Pabion-Mouriès Johanne M.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Snow parks (SPs) are an essential part of what draws individuals to winter resorts. When compared to traditional skiing and snowboarding, SPs heighten the risk and severity of injuries, as well as the rate of hospitalization. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge on accidents in SPs based on the self-reported statements of practitioners.

Methods

A questionnaire measured self-reported accident frequency and type, the nature of injuries sustained, the duration of the discomfort caused, and contributing factors such as terrain features. Demographic and sport-related data, such as ability and frequency of participation, were also collected. The questionnaires were administered in several SPs in the French Alps.

Results

Teenagers and experienced freestylers are most frequently injured. The nature and location of injuries vary depending on the level of practice and type of feature. Few injured participants contact emergency services.

Conclusions

The rate of injuries in SPs exceed that reported in prior research. Because expert and young participants expose themselves to particularly serious bodily impacts in SP, they must pay special attention to prevention.
Impact on biometrics of Covid-19
Authors: Carlaw Stuart
Published: April 2020

At this time of global concern for the health of our loved ones, communities and workplaces, ABI Research analysts have assessed the likely short and long-term impacts that the global Covid-19 pandemic will have on the biometrics and related technology markets. Beyond the significant cost to human life due to the pandemic, it can be argued that Covid-19 will also have a significant and long-term impact on biometrics companies, developers, investors and customers.
COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Ryan Benjamin J. , Coppola Damon , Canyon Deon V. , Brickhouse Mark , Swienton Raymond
Published: April 2020

All levels of government are authorized to apply coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection measures; however, they must consider how and when to ease lockdown restrictions to limit long-term societal harm and societal instability. Leaders that use a well-considered framework with an incremental approach will be able to gradually restart society while simultaneously maintaining the public health benefits achieved through lockdown measures. Economically vulnerable populations cannot endure long-term lockdown, and most countries lack the ability to maintain a full nationwide relief operation. Decision-makers need to understand this risk and how the Maslow hierarchy of needs and the social determinants of health can guide whole of society policies. Aligning decisions with societal needs will help ensure all segments of society are catered to and met while managing the crisis. This must inform the process of incremental easing of lockdowns to facilitate the resumption of community foundations, such as commerce, education, and employment in a manner that protects those most vulnerable to COVID-19. This study proposes a framework for identifying a path forward. It reflects on baseline requirements, regulations and recommendations, triggers, and implementation. Those desiring a successful recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic need to adopt an evidence-based framework now to ensure community stabilization and sustainability.
The role of socio-economic factors in food consumption of Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016
Authors: Vilela Sofia , Muresan Iasmina , Correia Daniela , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the association between socio-economic factors and the food consumption of a young population. Participants were from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016) aged from 3 to 17 years (n 1153). Food consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive days of food diaries in children and two 24-h recalls for adolescents. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify children’s socio-economic status (socio-economic composite classification (SCC)), categorised in low, middle or high. The associations between socio-economic variables and food consumption were evaluated through linear or logistic regression models, weighted for the Portuguese population distribution. A positive association was found between belonging to a higher level of SCC and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), by children (β = 2·4, 95 % CI 1·1, 3·8) and by adolescents (β = 52·4, 95 % CI 9·6, 95·3). A higher SCC, but particularly higher maternal education, was positively associated with consumption of ‘white meat, fish and eggs’. Both higher SCC and parental education were positively associated with salty snack consumption in the adolescents’ group. In conclusion, children and adolescents with higher educated parents and belonging to a high socio-economic level have a higher daily intake of FV and white meat, fish and eggs. Socio-economic factors play an important role in justifying differences in the food consumption of children and adolescents and must be considered in future interventions. The relationship between higher socio-economic position and salty snack consumption in adolescents needs to be further explored in other populations.
Maternal total energy, macronutrient and vitamin intakes during pregnancy associated with the offspring’s birth size in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Eshak Ehab S. , Okada Chika , Baba Sachiko , Kimura Takashi , Ikehara Satoyo , Sato Takuyo , Shirai Kokoro , Iso Hiroyasu ,   for the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: April 2020

Maternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth; however, the available evidence is controversial. We aimed to assess whether maternal diet of Japanese women in mid-pregnancy can affect their offspring’s birth size via collection of questionnaire and medical record data. The studied sample was a large cohort of paired mothers and their singleton offspring (n 78 793) from fifteen areas all over Japan who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The mid-pregnancy intakes of total energy, macronutrients and vitamins were lower than the recommended intakes for pregnant Japanese women. Maternal total energy intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth weight; there was a 10-g mean difference in the offspring’s birth weight of mothers in the lowest (3026 g) v. highest (3036 g) quartiles of energy intake. Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth length (mean difference of 0·7 cm) and inversely associated with the ponderal index (mean difference of 0·8 g/cm3). Offspring of mothers in the highest v. lowest quartiles of total dietary fibre intake were on average 9 g heavier and had 0·3 cm longer birth length and 0·2 cm longer head circumference. The highest in reference to lowest intake quartile of vitamin C was associated with 13 g and 0·7 cm mean differences in the offspring’s birth weight and length, respectively. Several other associations were evident for maternal intakes of vitamins and the offspring’s birth size. In conclusion, maternal dietary intakes of energy, dietary fibre, carbohydrate and vitamins during pregnancy were associated with the offspring’s birth size.
Effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sangouni Abbas Ali , Mohammad Hosseini Azar Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of disorders from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. There is no proven drug treatment for NAFLD, and diet modification is considered part of the main line of treatment for this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of garlic supplementation in NAFLD patients. The effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile was investigated in NAFLD patients. Ninety NAFLD patients were randomly assigned to take either a garlic powder supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. The treatment group received four tablets of garlic daily (each tablet contained 400 mg garlic powder). The control group received four tablets of placebo (each placebo contained 400 mg starch). At the end of the study, hepatic steatosis was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group (P= 0·001). In addition, a significant decrease was seen in the serum concentration of alanine transaminase (P< 0·001), aspartate transaminase (P= 0·002), γ-glutamyltransferase (P= 0·003) as well as total cholesterol (P= 0·009), TAG (P< 0·001), HDL-cholesterol (P< 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (P= 0·01) in the treatment group compared with the control group. No significant difference was seen between the two groups in serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase. Overall, garlic powder supplementation improved hepatic features and lipid profile among NAFLD patients.
Effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neale Elizabeth P. , Guan Vivienne , Tapsell Linda C. , Probst Yasmine C.
Published: April 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease increasing in global prevalence. Although habitual consumption of walnuts is associated with reduced risk of CVD, there is inconsistent evidence for the impact of walnut consumption on markers of glycaemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (to 2 March 2019) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials conducted with adults which assessed the effect of walnut consumption on fasting blood glucose and insulin, glycated Hb and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMD) for each outcome. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. Sixteen studies providing eighteen effect sizes were included in the review. Consumption of walnuts did not result in significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels (WMD: 0·331 mg/dl; 95 % CI −0·817, 1·479) or other outcome measures. Studies were determined to have either ‘some concerns’ or be at ‘high risk’ of bias. There was no evidence of an effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. These findings suggest that the known favourable effects of walnut intake on CVD are not mediated via improvements in glycaemic control. Given the high risk of bias observed in the current evidence base, there is a need for further high-quality randomised controlled trials.
The link between health technology assessment and decision making for the allocation of health resources in Latin America
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Augustovski Federico , García Martí Sebastián , Alfie Verónica , Sampietro-Colom Laura
Published: April 2020

Objective

One of the good practice principles for health technology assessment (HTA) is having a clear link between the assessment and decision making. The objective of the 2019 Latin American Policy Forum (LatamPF) of Health Technology Assessment International was to explore different models of connection between HTA and decision making and to discuss the potential applicability of such models in Latin America.

Methods

This paper is based on a background document and the deliberations of the members of the LatamPF (fifty-four participants from twelve countries) where a design-thinking methodology was used.

Results

The participants agreed that insufficient links between HTA and decision making undermine the legitimacy of decisions, expose the HTA process to excessive political and judicial influence, and promote the exclusion of some stakeholders from participating in the assessment process and decision making. High priority aspects of the HTA process that could feasibly be improved and which hold the greatest potential to generate positive changes in the health systems in the region were identified. The majority of these aspects were associated with the appropriate institutionalization of HTA, a greater degree of participation by different stakeholders, and improved transparency in the HTA process.

Conclusions

The LatamPF identified barriers and recommended actions to strengthen the link between HTA and decision making. Participants emphasized that there is now a window of opportunity in the region as many societal actors see this as a priority. For this reason, health system stakeholders must take this opportunity to increase efforts toward strengthening the link between HTA and decision making.
Association between dietary sodium intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population
Authors: Zhou Long , Yang Yuxuan , Feng Yang , Zhao Xiaodan , Fan Yameng , Rong Jie , Zhao Liancheng , Yu Yan
Published: April 2020

Objective:

To explore the association between dietary Na intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationally representative sample of the US population.

Design:

In this cross-sectional study, the associations between Na intake and NAFLD, defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), were assessed through multivariable logistic regression models.

Setting:

Communities in the USA from 2007 to 2014.

Participants:

Men and women aged 20 years and older.

Results:

A total of 11 022 participants were included in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis, and a subsample of 5320 participants was included in the FLI-defined NAFLD analysis. Compared with the lowest quartile of Na intake, the highest quartile had a multivariate-adjusted OR and 95 % CI of 1·46 (1·29, 1·65) for NAFLD as defined by HSI, and 1·41 (1·18, 1·69) for NAFLD as defined by FLI. This association was, to some degree, attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for several related metabolic parameters, including BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes.

Conclusions:

Findings from the current study indicate that dietary Na intake is positively associated with NAFLD in US adults.
The Distributional Impact of Tax and Social Security Reforms in the UK from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Reed Howard
Published: April 2020

This article presents the results from a cumulative impact assessment of the distribution of tax and social security reforms in the UK since the 2010 general election. The analysis covers the 2010-15 and 2015-17 parliaments plus measures announced in the Autumn 2017 Budget. The article finds that taken as a whole, reforms since 2010 have had a regressive impact across the household income distribution, with average losses of around 10 per cent of net income in the bottom fifth of the distribution, compared to roughly a zero impact in the top three deciles. I also analyse results by a number of Equality Act protected characteristics including ethnicity, disability, gender, single/couple status and the number of children in the household. Lone parent families lose out more than any other demographic group while Pakistani and Bangladeshi adults lose out more than any other ethnic group. The reforms also have particular negative impacts on disabled people, on low income women and on households with children.