bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teste rápido para detecção da Proteína C-Reativa (FASTest® CRP canino) como auxílio diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas
Authors: Reusing Mhayara S.O. , Ponczek Clara A.C. , Silva Daniella M. da , Oliveira Débora M.M.C. , Sousa Renato S. , Dittrich Rosângela L. , Guerios Simone D.
Published: January 2016

Resumo: A piometra é uma enfermidade comum em cadelas, caracterizada pela inflamação do útero com acúmulo de exsudato purulento. A avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal é um dos principais exames utilizados para o diagnóstico da doença e o tratamento de eleição é a ovário-histerectomia (OSH). A proteína C reativa (PCR) é uma proteína de fase aguda que apresenta concentração sérica aumentada na ocorrência de processos inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do teste rápido para detecção da PCR sérica (FASTest® CRP canino), como auxiliar no diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas com suspeita da doença ao exame ultrassonográfico. Das 25 cadelas com imagem ultrassonográfica sugestiva de piometra incluídas no estudo, apenas 12 (48,0%) tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado por exame histopatológico uterino realizado após a OSH. Em todas as pacientes com o diagnóstico de piometra confirmado pelo exame histológico a PCR foi positiva. O FASTest® CRP apresentou valor preditivo positivo de 92,3%, valor preditivo negativo e sensibilidade de 100,0% e 92,3% de especificidade. Logo, a acurácia do FASTest® CRP canino para diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas com suspeita ao exame ultrassonográfico foi de 96,0%. Conclui-se que o teste rápido para detecção da PCR sérica pode ser utilizado como exame auxiliar para o diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas.
Osteology and radiographic anatomy of the hind limbs in Marshdeer (Blastocerus dichotomus)
Authors: Schimming Bruno C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Shigue Daniela A. , Linardi Juliana L. , Vulcano Luiz C. , Teixeira Carlos R.
Published: January 2016

Abstract: The knowledge of anatomical structures found in wild animals is important for the practice of medical and surgical clinic. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the osteology and radiographic anatomy of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges of the Marshdeer Blastocerus dichotomus as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Most structures were similar to those found in domestic animals, with special features of this species. Noteworthy is, for example, the absence of the third trochanter of the femur. Although a ruminant, the Marshdeer has a fibuyla similar to the one described for the horse. B. dichotomus has four fingers on each limb, formed through three phalanges, only the third and fourth finger touch the ground, and the second and fifth finger is rudimentary. It has four proximal and two distal sesamoid bones, and sesamoid bones near the gastrocnemius muscle do not exist.
Avaliação da cavidade orofaríngea da tartaruga da Amazônia, Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812)
Authors: Silveira Thaís B. , Agostinho Erica S. , Santos Francisco G.A. , Oliveira Alex C.P. de , Medeiros Luciana S. , Carvalho Yuri K. de , Miglino Maria A.
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Os quelônios são importantes como fonte alimentar e econômica para as comunidades da região amazônica. Sendo assim, a caça, a pesca e a procura por ovos destes animais tem ocorrido frequentemente. Podocnemis expansa (Tartaruga da Amazônia) é o maior quelônio de água doce da América do Sul. É uma espécie largamente distribuída, porém, nota-se que aspectos anatômicos da espécie são insuficientemente descritos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a cavidade orofaríngea desses quelônios. Foram utilizadas 12 cabeças de P. expansa adultas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 3 a 8 anos, com peso corpóreo de 5 a 22kg (média de 7,5kg). P. expansa conta com a presença de rafontecas afiadas e bem desenvolvidas que, associadas à musculatura potente da mandíbula e à língua volumosa e bem distribuída no assoalho da orofaringe, atuam na apreensão e deglutição do alimento, garantindo uma maior adaptação em diversos ambientes.
Rare Variants in the Complement Factor H–Related Protein 5 Gene Contribute to Genetic Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Zhai Ya-Ling , Meng Si-Jun , Zhu Li , Shi Su-Fang , Wang Su-Xia , Liu Li-Jun , Lv Ji-Cheng , Yu Feng , Zhao Ming-Hui , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2016

A recent genome–wide association study of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) identified 1q32, which contains multiple complement regulatory genes, including the complement factor H (CFH) gene and the complement factor H–related (CFHRs) genes, as an IgAN susceptibility locus. Abnormal complement activation caused by a mutation in CFHR5 was shown to cause CFHR5 nephropathy, which shares many characteristics with IgAN. To explore the genetic effect of variants in CFHR5 on IgAN susceptibility, we recruited 500 patients with IgAN and 576 healthy controls for genetic analysis. We sequenced all exons and their intronic flanking regions as well as the untranslated regions of CFHR5 and compared the frequencies of identified variants using the sequence kernel association test. We identified 32 variants in CFHR5, including 28 rare and four common variants. The distribution of rare variants in CFHR5 in patients with IgAN differed significantly from that in controls (P=0.002). Among the rare variants, in silico programs predicted nine as potential functional variants, which we then assessed in functional assays. Compared with wild-type CFHR5, three recombinant CFHR5 proteins, CFHR5-M (c.508G>A/p.Val170Met), CFHR5-S (c.533A>G/p.Asn178Ser), and CFHR5-D (c.822A>T/p.Glu274Asp), showed significantly higher C3b binding capacity (CFHR5-M: 109.67%±3.54%; P=0.02; CFHR5-S: 174.27%±9.78%; P<0.001; CFHR5-D: 127.25%±1.75%; P<0.001), whereas another recombinant CFHR5 (c.776T>A/p.Leu259Termination) showed less C3b binding (56.89%±0.57%; P<0.001). Our study found that rare variants in CFHR5 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to IgAN, which suggests that CFHR5 is an IgAN susceptibility gene.
Renal Handling of Circulating and Renal-Synthesized Hepcidin and Its Protective Effects against Hemoglobin–Mediated Kidney Injury
Authors: van Swelm Rachel P.L. , Wetzels Jack F.M. , Verweij Vivienne G.M. , Laarakkers Coby M.M. , Pertijs Jeanne C.L.M. , van der Wijst Jenny , Thévenod Frank , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Swinkels Dorine W.
Published: January 2016

Urinary hepcidin may have protective effects against AKI. However, renal handling and the potential protective mechanisms of hepcidin are not fully understood. By measuring hepcidin levels in plasma and urine using mass spectrometry and the kidney using immunohistochemistry after intraperitoneal administration of human hepcidin-25 (hhep25) in C57Bl/6N mice, we showed that circulating hepcidin is filtered by the glomerulus and degraded to smaller isoforms detected in urine but not plasma. Moreover, hepcidin colocalized with the endocytic receptor megalin in proximal tubules, and compared with wild-type mice, megalin-deficient mice showed higher urinary excretion of injected hhep25 and no hepcidin staining in proximal tubules that lack megalin. This indicates that hepcidin is reaborbed in the proximal tubules by megalin dependent endocytosis. Administration of hhep25 concomitant with or 4 hours after a single intravenous dose of hemoglobin abolished hemoglobin-induced upregulation of urinary kidney injury markers (NGAL and KIM-1) and renal Interleukin-6 and Ngal mRNA observed 24 hours after administration but did not affect renal ferroportin expression at this point. Notably, coadministration of hhep25 and hemoglobin but not administration of either alone greatly increased renal mRNA expression of hepcidin-encoding Hamp1 and hepcidin staining in distal tubules. These findings suggest a role for locally synthesized hepcidin in renal protection. Our observations did not support a role for ferroportin in hhep25-mediated protection against hemoglobin–induced early injury, but other mechanisms of cellular iron handling may be involved. In conclusion, our data suggest that both systemically delivered and locally produced hepcidin protect against hemoglobin-induced AKI.
IgA Structure Variations Associate with Immune Stimulations and IgA Mesangial Deposition
Authors: Oruc Zeliha , Oblet Christelle , Boumediene Ahmed , Druilhe Anne , Pascal Virginie , Le Rumeur Elisabeth , Cuvillier Armelle , El Hamel Chahrazed , Lecardeur Sandrine , Leanderson Tomas , Morelle Willy , Demengeot Jocelyne , Aldigier Jean-Claude , Cogné Michel
Published: January 2016

IgA1 mesangial deposition is the hallmark of IgA nephropathy and Henoch–Schönlein purpura, the onset of which often follows infections. Deposited IgA has been reported as polymeric, J chain associated, and often, hypogalactosylated but with no information concerning the influence of the IgA repertoire or the link between immune stimuli and IgA structure. We explored these issues in the α1KI mouse model, which produces polyclonal human IgA1 prone to mesangial deposition. Compared with mice challenged by a conventional environment, mice in a specific pathogen–free environment had less IgA deposition. However, serum IgA of specific pathogen–free mice showed more galactosylation and much lower polymerization. Notably, wild-type, α1KI, and even J chain–deficient mice showed increased polymeric serum IgA on exposure to pathogens. Strict germfree conditions delayed but did not completely prevent deposition; mice housed in these conditions had very low serum IgA levels and produced essentially monomeric IgA. Finally, comparing monoclonal IgA1 that had different variable regions and mesangial deposition patterns indicated that, independently of glycosylation and polymerization, deposition might also depend on IgA carrying specific variable domains. Together with IgA quantities and constant region post–translational modifications, repertoire changes during immune responses might, thus, modulate IgA propensity to deposition. These IgA features are not associated with circulating immune complexes and C3 deposition and are more pertinent to an initial IgA deposition step preceding overt clinical symptoms in patients.
Syntactic transfer in the initial stages of adult third language and fourth language acquisition
Authors: Tavakol Mahbube , Jabbari Aliakbar
Published: January 2016

This paper elucidates the articulated proposals for the initial stages of adult third language (L3) syntactic transfer, addressing their application for L3 and the subsequent fourth language (L4) acquisition. The study was set to demonstrate empirical evidence in line with or against the tenets of the models and to indicate if and how syntactic transfer might obtain differently depending on the language being acquired– L3 vs. L4. The models to be tested were Full Transfer/Full Access (FT/FA), L2 Status Factor Hypothesis (LSFH), Cumulative Enhancement Model (CEM) and Typological Primacy Model (TPM). Following a principles and parameters framework, six parameters were selected to generate several language pairings and an adult female’s L3 Italian and L4 German’s early spontaneous productions of the selected features were audio-recorded. The accuracy levels with which the features were produced in tandem with the results of error analyses violated the positions of FT/FA as considered for L3/s acquisition and CEM and consistently identified Typological proximity and L2 status as affecting syntactic transfer during the early stages multilingual acquisition.
Enhancing students’ vocabulary knowledge using the Facebook environment
Authors: Kabilan Muhammad Kamarul , Zahar Tuti Zalina Mohamed Ernes
Published: January 2016

This study investigates the effectiveness of using Facebook in enhancing vocabulary knowledge among Community College students. Thirty-three (33) Community College students are exposed to the use of Facebook as an environment of learning and enhancing their English vocabulary. They are given a pre-test and a post-test and the findings indicate that students perform significantly better in the post-test compared to the pre-test. It appears that Facebook could be considered as a supplementary learning environment or learning platform or a learning tool; with meaningful and engaging activities that require students to collaborate, network and functions as a community of practice, particularly for introverted students with low proficiency levels and have low self-esteem.
The use of Edmodo in teaching writing in a blended learning setting
Authors: Purnawarman Pupung , Susilawati Susilawati , Sundayana Wachyu
Published: January 2016

The advancement of technology provides education with varioussolutions to create new learning environments. Edmodo as a learning platform is believed to offera solution in the teaching of English, particularly for teaching writing. This research was aimed to investigate how Edmodo as a learning platform,in a blended learning setting, was implemented in teaching writing in its combination with Genre-based Approach, how Edmodo facilitated students’ engagement, and how students perceived the use of Edmodo in teaching and learning activities. This research employed a qualitative approach with case study design. The research involved 17 participants from the eleventh grade of a senior high school in Bandung, Indonesia. The data were collected through observations, document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires. The results showed that in teaching writing,it was possible to integrate Edmodo into GBA writing cycles. Edmodo also facilitated students’ engagement cognitively during classroom sessions. The students showed various responses towards the use of Edmodo based on the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) framework. Some issues on the use of Edmodo identified in this research were bandwidth, confusion in using Edmodo, incompatibility of smartphone applications, and students’ lack responsibilities for learning. The suggestions for the authority and areas of further research are presented.
Community of assessment practice or interests: The case of EAP writing assessment
Authors: Al-Maamari Faisal
Published: January 2016

Setting, disseminating and applying assessment standards are part of university academic programmes of study. Nowadays, assessment is increasingly viewed from a social practice perspective, and so doing entails exploring how the quality of assessment is shaped by interaction and co-participation with different communities of practice. Therefore, based on this perspective, the study reported here aimed to examine the assessment policies and practices of laboratory report writing of first year students in credit-bearing, English for Special Purposes programmes at a university in the Sultanate of Oman. Interviews of programme administrators and the instructors plus institutional and programme documents were examined to investigate these assessment policies and practices. The programme administrators were asked about how they planned the written assessment in their programmes, and the instructors were asked about their experiences of these assessments. The data were then analysed thematically using community of practice framework, namely in relation to (1) a shared repertoire of communal resources, (2) mutual engagement, and (3) a sense of joint enterprise. It was found that instead of community of practice, there were (sub)communities of practices wherein interaction, negotiation and communication amongst members and non-members were punctuated by control, power and autonomy, all working with the aim of narrowing the range between the personal goals of the academic and the communal goals of the institution. The overarching conclusion is that in their assessment practices, the two instructional programmes exhibited varying degrees of community of practice based on the above three attributes.
Assessing the impact of arid area urbanization on flash floods using GIS, remote sensing, and HEC-HMS rainfall–runoff modeling
Authors: El Alfy Mohamed
Published: January 2016

This study uses an integrated approach, bringing together geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and rainfall–runoff modeling, to assess the urbanization impact on flash floods in arid areas. Runoff modeling was carried out as a function of the catchment characteristics and the maximum daily rainfall parameters. Land-use types were extracted from the supervised classification of SPOT-5 (2010) and Landsat-8 (2015) satellite images and were validated during field checks. Catchment morphometric characteristics were carried out using the correlated Topaz and Arc-Hydro tools. Maximum floods of the catchment were evaluated by coupling GIS and remote sensing with Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) hydrologic modeling. Peak discharges were estimated, and the abstraction losses were computed for different return periods. The model results were calibrated according to actual runoff event. The research shows that rapid urbanization adversely affects hydrological processes, since the sprawl on the alluvial channels is significant. This reduces infiltration into the underlying alluvium and increases runoff, leading to higher flood peaks and volumes even for short duration low intensity rainfall. To retain a considerable amount of water and sediments in these arid areas, construction of small dams at the fingertip channels at the outlet of the lower order sub-basins is recommended.
Modeling probabilistic lag time equation in a watershed based on uncertainties in rainfall, hydraulic and geographical factors
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen , Yeh Keh-Chia , Ho Chih-Hung , Yang Sheng-Hsueh
Published: January 2016

This study proposes a framework for developing a probabilistic lag time (PLT) equation by taking into account uncertainty factors, including the rainfall factor (i.e., the maximum rainfall intensity), the hydraulic factor (i.e., the roughness coefficient in the river), and the geometrical factors (the catchment area, the length, and the basin slope). The proposed PLT equation is established based on the lag time equation by means of the uncertainty and risk analysis, i.e., the advanced first-order and second-moment approach. Hourly rainfall data in the Bazhang River watershed are used in the model development and application. The results indicate that compared with observed lag times extracted from historical events, the observed ones are mostly located within the 95% confidence interval of the simulated lag times. In addition, the resulting underestimated risk from the PLT equation can reasonably represent the degree of the difference between the estimated lag time and observed lag time. Consequently, the proposed PLT equation not only estimates the lag time at specific locations along the river, but also provides a corresponding reliability.
Ordinary kriging and genetic programming for spatial estimation of rainfall in the Middle Yarra River catchment, Australia
Authors: Kumar Adhikary Sajal , Muttil Nitin , Gokhan Yilmaz Abdullah
Published: January 2016

Rainfall maps with gridded data are frequently used as an important input for many hydrological models. In this study, two kriging-based interpolation methods (i.e., ordinary kriging (OK) and kriging with genetic programming (KGP)) and a deterministic interpolation method (inverse distance weighting (IDW)) are implemented to generate gridded rainfall maps from point rainfalls. The KGP is implemented as a new kriging method in which the genetic programming-based non-parametric variogram model is used with kriging. Rainfall records from existing 19 raingauges in the Middle Yarra River catchment, Australia are used for the analysis. The performance of each method is assessed through the cross-validation test. Results indicate that the kriging-based methods clearly outperform the IDW method. Among all the kriging-based methods, OK with the spherical variogram model yields the lowest prediction error and best estimates for all months. The KGP method gives an almost identical error to that given by the OK with the spherical variogram model for most of the months and a lower prediction error than that given by OK with the exponential or Gaussian variogram model. Thus, the KGP can be used in line with traditional kriging as a viable alternative technique for spatial estimation and mapping of rainfall.
Capital Flows and The Macro Economy: The Indian Experience
Authors: Seth A. K. , Varma Sumati
Published: January 2016

This paper examines the macro-economic impact of capital flows into India. The variables identified in the study have been drawn on the basis of the transmission mechanism – to see how capital flows are transmitted into the economic system. To examine the issue the paper uses simple regression and Granger’s Error Correction technique, which analyses long run and short run impact together. It has been found that out of the macro variables selected almost all are influenced by capital flows and represent the monetary environment of the economy.

The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. IV, No. 1(2007) pp. 62-74
A Study on Procurement Function of Supply Chain Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Pokhara Valley
Authors: Thagurathi Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2016

This paper has examined existing procurement practices, in the context of supply chain management, adopted by the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pokhara valley. The paper explored status of procurement section in the various organizations, examines the extent to which the information and communication technologies have been used for procurement, and presents the views of procurement personals on the impact of customer-supplier relationships on procurement function in formulating Supply Chain Management (SCM) initiatives. It has identified the potential paths for SMEs to improve their procurement practices.

The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. IV, No. 1(2007)
Prospects and Challenges of E-banking in Nepal
Authors: Banstola Amrit
Published: January 2016

Financial Institutions are slowly moving from Brick and Mortar (Physical branches) to click and Brick (E-banking). ATM's are the most popular electronic delivery channel for banking services in Nepal. Only few customers are using internet banking facilities. Nepalese financial institutions till date have not faced any kind of electronic fraud or risk. Banks have basic security tools like firewall, lightening/power surge protection. But it is found that the some banks are in lack of having regular back up of website information and E-banking policy. Nepalese banks are using E-banking for their own convenience and for the purpose of retaining exiting customers. The cost analysis of most of the banks in Nepal is seems to be either inadequate or not applied due to their narrow space of business transaction or lack of sufficient tools. No significant correlation was found between use of E-banking and gender, marital status or salary of customer. However, Use of E-banking signification association was found with age and education.

The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. IV, No.1(2007) pp. 96-104
New Consumer Products Branding, Packaging and Labeling in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bed Nath
Published: January 2016

This paper focuses on existing practice of branding, packaging and labeling of new products in consumer product manufacturing units. Product identification is not possible without brand name. Protection of product is also equally important to provide quality product for consumer satisfaction. Information regarding the product such as: ingredents, guidelines to use, price, produced and expiry date etc. are also concerned subject of the potential buyer. All these aspects have to be considered for effective promotion of product. It is useful for immediate introduction and recovery in the market by a new product.Key words: Product identification, promotion, protection, information, consumer satisfactionThe Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 16-24
Behaviour Modification: An Efficacious Tool of Shaping Individual Behaviour Productive and Supportive to Organizational Goal Attainment
Authors: Bharijoo Surendra Bahadur
Published: January 2016

This article intends to shed light on the basic concept of Behaviour Modification which is drawing attention increasingly of managers and practioners in shaping behavior of people with whom they are dealing constantly in the organization. Researches and studies revealed that Behaviour Modification can be an efficacious tool in modeling individual behaviours if it is appropriately used with caution. As such, it is also attempted to present here the basic steps and guidelines for its application. In addition to these, the article attempts to point out experiences and limitations of application of Behavioural Modification as explained by its researchers.Key words: Behaviour, modification, individual, organization, goal attainment.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 50-61
A Study on Customer Perception Towards Internet Banking: Identifying Major Contributing Factors
Authors: Singhal Divya , Padhmanabhan V.
Published: January 2016

Internet banking is becoming is increasingly becoming popular because of convenience and flexibility. The present paper explores the major factors responsible for internet banking based on respondents’ perception on various internet applications. It also provides a framework of the factors which are taken to assess the internet banking perception.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 101-111
Role of Microfinance in Employment Generation: A Case Study of Microfinance Program of Paschimanchal Grameen Bikash Bank
Authors: Pathak Hari Prasad , Gyawali Mukunda
Published: January 2016

This research study focuses on role of microfinance program in creation of enterprise and employment generation. In the Nepalese context various microfinance programs have been running with the aims of socio-economic empowerment, mobilization of internal resources, creation of awareness and generation of self-employment targeting the rural poor. Microfinance has been one of the few effective tools for poverty reduction over the past years. It has been revealed that the loans have been mostly invested on small scale business, livestock and other agro-based enterprises. The study shows that micro finance program has been helpful to create enterprises and generate employment.The Journal of Nepalese Business StudiesVol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 31-38Uploaded date: July 7, 2012
Consequence of Gender and Job Characteristics with Normative Commitment
Authors: Shrestha Deepmala
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of relationships between components of psychological climate including gender issue, autonomy, work pressure, skills used and normative commitment. This study shows that, for a sample 109 Nepalese Commercials Banks employees, one component (Normative) of organizational commitment are predicted by two characteristics that influence the commitment (personal, and Job) affected to organizational performance. Implications for future research are discussed.The Journal of Nepalese Business StudiesVol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 100-114Uploaded date: July 8, 2012
Editorial Vol.7(1)
Authors: Sharma Puspa Raj
Published: January 2016

Not available
Negotiating Uncertainty
Authors: Pinker Annabel , Harvey Penny
Published: January 2016

In this article, we deploy the concept of 'affect' to explore processes of state formation in contemporary Peru. Drawing on ethnography concerning a controversial engineering project in the Sacred Valley, we show how the state emerges as an affective force in the ambivalent spaces opened up by the slippages between the stable certainties promised by regulatory frameworks and the doubts generated by the ambiguities they pose. Tracing the tensions, gestures, and tiny shifts in perspective that punctuate an encounter between engineers and local politicians, we complicate the notion that a pre-existing state induces affects in political subjects. Instead, we show how the state emerges as a virtual force—neither quite present nor absent—in an uncertain, highly political field of negotiation.
Production and Nutritional Quality of High Yielding Fodders in the Coastal Areas for Ruminants
Authors: Rahman M Z , Talukder M A I
Published: January 2016

The experiment was conducted to study the production and nutritional values of high yielding fodders by the goat farmers in Kobirhat and Subornochar upazilas of Noakhali District. The yields of high yielding forages had significant differences among the species. The average higher biomass were obtained from Napierhybrid (34), Napier-aerosa (20), Napierbazra (17.33) and Splendida (19). The Andropogon and Signal fodder had similar yields of 12.67 & 13.67 t/ha/cut. There was a significant (P<0.05) variations in the DM contents among the forages. The DM content (%) of Napier varieties ranged from 19.60 to 22.30, and highest value was found in Ruzi (27.90). A non-significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the CP content (%) among the Napier and Splendida varieties. There was no significant difference in metabolizable energy content (MJ/kgDM) among the forages. The cultivation of high yielding fodders e.g. Napier hybrid, Napier aerosa, Napier bazra and Splendida may be practiced in the saline areas of Noakhali for high productivity of ruminants.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 1-8
Growth, Yield and Profitability of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) as Influenced by Applied Nitrogen and Plant Spacing
Authors: Haque Firoj Asadul , Islam N , Islam Md Nazrul , Ullah Ahsan , Sarkar Md Dulal
Published: January 2016

An experiment was conducted with cabbage during October 2012 to February 2013 at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Four levels of nitrogen: viz. 0, 150, 250 and 350 kg ha-1 and three plant spacings: 50 x 30, 50 x 40 and 50 x 50 cm were applied in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Nitrogen @ 250 kg ha-1 with the spacing of 50 x 50 cm was more effective and produced the highest fresh weight of head(2.17 kg), marketable head yield (86.93 t ha-1). This treatment was also more profitable than the rest of the treatments, while the lowest profit was in N0S1.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 35-45
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium on the Root Growth, Nutrient Content and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under Waterlogged Condition
Authors: Amin M R , Karim M A , Khaliq Q A , Islam M R , Aktar S
Published: January 2016

An experiment was conducted with mungbean genotype IPSA-13 in the field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during September, 2012 to November, 2012 to study the root growth, nutrient concentration and seed yield of mungbean as influenced by N and K under waterlogged conditions. Nutrient supply in the soil had significant impact on better recovery in root development of 4-day waterlogged plants. Development of adventitious roots was one of the adaptive responses of IPSA-13 mungbean genotype. Root length was decreased due to the anaerobic condition.  Plants waterlogged for 4-days allocated more dry matter in adventitious root development and hence root volume was higher in waterlogged plants. Root volume in flooded plants increased due to the development of adventitious roots. Root dry weight increased with combined application of N and K fertilizers. Flooded plants treated with 14 kg N ha-1 + 25 kg K ha-1 produced the highest TDM and seed yield, though the yield was statistically similar to that obtained when the levels of N and K were applied separately, as well as with that of 1% urea + 25 kg K ha-1.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 67-78
Efficacy of Herbicides in Controlling Weeds in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Field
Authors: Aktar Shamima , Hossain M A , Amin M R , Khatun F , Begum A
Published: January 2016

A field experiment was conducted at the Pulse Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna during Kharif-II season of 2010 to evaluate the efficacy of five herbicides for controlling weeds associated with mungbean (BARI Mung-6). The five herbicides such were: Paraxon (27.6% WV Paraquat dichloride salt), M-clor 5G (Butaclor), Topstar 40 WP (40% Oxadiargyl), Hammer 24 EC (Carfentrazone ethyl), and Panida 33 EC (Pendimethalin) with one control (no herbicide and also no weeding). Weed was collected species wise during weeding at 40 days after sowing from 1 m2 area of each plot and oven dried to estimate weed growth. Among the herbicides, Panida performed the best for reducing the number and dry weight of weeds. The maximum reduction of weed population, the highest weed control efficiency, seed yield (1222 kg ha-1), and maximum economic benefit were also obtained in the treatment receiving Panida 33 EC @ 2 ml L-1.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 127-132
Value Chain Analysis of Exportable Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Saikul , Faruq A N , Chowdhury M M H , Shahjahan Mohammad , Kabir K
Published: January 2016

A survey was conducted to assess the export supply and value chain analyses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Bangladesh. The survey was consisted of primary and secondary data from semi-structured interview of key persons involved in the supply chains of export market of okra and from the review of relevant reports and literature. Primary data were collected from 40 middlemen (from Ulokhola-10, Kawranbazar-7, Shambazar-8, Jatrabaribazar-5, Chandina-10), 5 service providers and 20 okra exporters of Dhaka city. It was found that the supply chain was fragmented and complex. The middlemen predominantly controlled the supply chains. Post-harvest management was poor, resulting low quality of the produce and low prices in the export market. The supply chain indicated that, the growers consumed 7.8% of their own product while 92.2% was sold out. About 28% farmers sold their okra at the field/farm-gates and 72% was sold in the local markets.   The value chain analyses (VCA) revealed that, the net profit margin was 15.77 Tk/kg for both the UK and the Middle East markets whereas the net profit was 5.86 Tk/kg in local markets. The cost of airfreight was highest (63.97%) of all costs followed by the production cost of okra (16.85%) and the cost of packing (13.40%).The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 133-139
Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Sesame Technologies in Some Selected Areas in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Miah M A Monayem , Afroz Sadia , Rashid M A , Shiblee S A M
Published: January 2016

This study was undertaken to assess the adoption level as well as farmers attitude towards cultivating Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) developed improved sesame varieties and its technology management as well. Keeping this view in mind, primary data were collected from major three sesame growing areas of Bangladesh namely, Comilla, Jessore, and Faridpur districts. A total of 540 samples, selected using stratified random sampling method, were interviewed using pre-tested and structured questionnaires.  Results reveal that the improved sesame seed adoption level is around one fifth of the total sesame cultivation.  The adoption of relating technologies regarding input usage and agronomic practices also depicted similar characteristics due to not taking up recommended improved seed package. Analysis also showed that availability of family labor, application of improved seeds and monitoring and supervision of extension personnels have significant contribution on improved seed adoption levels. Although farmers opined that they would be adopting the improved sesame seeds in the upcoming fostering season in view of expanding yields, profits, labor productivity and efficient cultivation.  However, many farmers have articulated their concern about unavailability of improved sesame seeds at the farm levels is a major barrier about adopting improved sesame technology.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 140-151
Problemática del libro y la lectura en America latina
Authors: Marquez Rodriguez Alexis
Published: January 2016

Les freins à la diffusion et donc à la production du livre en Amérique latine sont principalement le taux élevé d'analphabétisme et le faible pouvoir d'achat d'une grande partie de la population. Cependant des maisons d'édition puissantes ont pu s'établir dans certains pays et les moyens de publication se développent. Aujourd'hui, malgré la concurrence de nouveaux média, la télévision et la radio en particulier, qui sont réputés encourager la paresse naturelle des lecteurs et d'en raréfier le nombre, on assiste néanmoins à un accroissement sensible du nombre de titres publiés et du nombre des écrivains. Cette situation paradoxale est loin d'incliner au pessimisme.
Las politicas del libro en America latina. La perspectiva de la UNESCO
Authors: Aínsa Fernando
Published: January 2016

L'évolution de la production et de la diffusion du livre en Amérique latine dans les trois dernières décennies est celle d'une grande croissance et d'une diversification marquée des circuits de diffusion. Aux grands centres d'édition qu'étaient traditionnellement l'Argentine, le Mexique, le Chili avant 1973, sont venus se joindre d'autres pays qui, comme Cuba, la Colombie, le Venezuela, le Brésil, ont vu se créer d'importantes maisons d'édition. L'Etat, dans tous les pays mène une politique d'édition et de diffusion ; d'autre part le développement des nouvelles technologies, l'informatique en particulier, a rendu possible la multiplication de petites maisons d'édition et l'adaptation plus précise de l'édition à la demande de publics restreints mais intéressants pour les éditeurs. La loi du livre, proposée aux différents pays par l'UNESCO, part de ces constats et encourage la diffusion par différents circuits : librairies, bibliothèques. En même temps elle veille à garantir les droits de la propriété intellectuelle et à donner un statut aux auteurs. En annexe, de larges extraits de la Loi du Livre, qui a inspiré les lois de nombreux pays de l'Amérique latine.
L'État, le livre et la lecture au Mexique, au lendemain de la Révolution
Authors: Fell Claude
Published: January 2016

Un libro de Manuel Gamio (1916) indicaba que el 80% de la población mexicana no ténia acceso al libro (por su coste y sobre todo por la elevada tasa de analfetismo) y hacia un balance pesimista de la lectura de autores de lengua espanola en Mexico. En 1922, J. Vasconcelos, desde la Secretaria de Educación Publica, promovia la creation de editoriales para difusiôn del libro a amplias capas de la población, poniendo al alcance de los estudiantes los textos fondamentales de la cultura occidental, desde la antiguedad hasta el siglo XX. Los detractores de Vasconcelos le han reprochado la limitada difusión de textos latinoamericanos, pero el balance editorial révéla una actividad peculiar en favor de textos nacionales
El público y el mercado editorial mexicanos a la luz de la polémica Krauze-Fuentes
Authors: Vital Alberto
Published: January 2016

En 1988, Enrique Krauze déclence une polémique à propos du rapport étroit que l'on peut établir entre une certaine vision de l'histoire et la création et la diffusion d'œuvres récentes qui ont eu du succès, il y voit une sorte de conformisme des intellectuels mexicains. Il s'en prend à Carlos Fuentes, de Cristobal Nonato à La Campana. Auteur d'un livre remarqué qui dénonce la main-mise d'une nouvelle bourgeoisie sur l'histoire du Mexique et sur l'ensemble de sa société, y compris dans ses couches intellectuelles, E. Krauze s'inquiète de voir le succès persistant d'œuvres qui expriment l'illusion du progrès des sociétés humaines et celle du sens de l'histoire. Carlos Fuentes a répondu en plusieurs articles et à travers certaines pages de El espejo roto.
Modes de publication et genre littéraire : la novela por entregas du XIXe siècle au Mexique
Authors: Schmitt Marlène
Published: January 2016

El éxito editorial de la novela por entregas en el siglo XIX, como el muy conocido relato Los bandidos de Rio Frío, no esta limitado por el pequeno numéro de lectores efectivos de la prensa, porque era frecuente la lectura colectiva, en el café o en la calle. Los diarios como El Siglo XIX, o Diario del Hogar, nan dado amplia difusión a textos folletinescos inspirados por la moda francesa en especial antes de 1850. Después de este tiempo, surgen textos de autores mexicanos, como Tomochic, de Heriberto Frias, en el periodico El Socialista, pero no aparece escritor especializado en esta forma de difusión. De los textos de la segunda mitad del Siglo XX, muy a menudo de la linea naturaliste, algunos pueden considerarse como destinados a un pûblico conocedor, otros a una lectura de novela folletinesca.
Literatura infantil colombiana. El reconocimiento de su diferencia
Authors: Diaz Gloria-Cecilia
Published: January 2016

Le livre pour enfant a connu en Colombie un développement récent qui peut être mis en au compte de la politique officielle : lois de protection de l'enfance, création d'une politique d'éducation de l'enfant, prix littéraires du livre de jeunesse et du livre pour enfants. Il existait une tradition de diffusion des contes de fées et des contes anciens de l'Europe, comme ceux de Perrault. Par ailleurs, R. Pombo, au début du XXe siècle avait eu un succès jamais démenti depuis en créant son personnage de Rin Rin Renacuajo. La société colombienne a considérablement évolué depuis et les écrivains d'aujourd'hui sont conduits à écrire autrement et pour un public bien différent, une nouvelle génération d'auteurs est apparue.
La verdadera historia del flautista de Hamelin, recréation, de Robert Browning et Samivel à Álvaro Mutis
Authors: Lefort Michèle
Published: January 2016

La historia del flautista de Hamelin había encantado la niñez de Álvaro Mutis. En este texto la re-escribe, apropiándose a su manera, como ya lo habîan hecho antes de él Robert Browning y Samivel, un cuento popular que pertenece a la tradición oral germánica y al acervo cultural europeo. A partir de esta fabula moralizadora, Álvaro Mutis reinventa, quitándole casi todas las referencias germánicas, un cuento totalmente inmoral, desprovisto de la habitual moraleja de las fabulas, en que el héroe ya no es el flautista sino un « simpâtico » y viejo zapatero homicida que détesta a los ninos, y gracias a la irónica distancia del lenguaje, créa una « verdadera historia », segun reza el tîtulo, verdadera y divertida por absurda e increíble, si bien no es la verdadera leyenda del flautista de Hamelin.
L'imaginaire visuel de Juan Rulfo : synthèse comparative entre iconographie et œuvre littéraire
Authors: Tatard Béatrice
Published: January 2016

La obra fotográfica de Juan Rulfo sólo se conocia a través de sus datos biográfícos. El escritor no queria darle importancia. A partir de 1980 se realizan exposiciones de sus fotografías realizadas a lo largo de sus trabajos del Instituto indigenista a través de todo Mejico, recientemente se han realizdo ediciones que invitan a confrontar el discurso literario y el imaginario visual. El problema de la narration en lo visual se plantea dentro de la misma sobriedad de expresión y de la profundidad de los significados que ofrecen los textos literarios. Su obra escrita se fonda en la proyección de lo oscuro y el contraste luminoso, poesia narrativa que constituye una estética de la sombra. Texto y fotografîa que, aparentemente pueden yuxtaponerse, nunca llegan a coincidir. La palabra sugiere lo que esta en la sombra, la foto révéla crudamente, bajo la luz cenital, contrapunto de una obra maestra de la literatura del Siglo XX.
Lire, parler, écrire : quelques éléments pour une lecture de l'intertexte dans la fiction marquésienne
Authors: Prioul Françoise
Published: January 2016

Al clarificar y analizar las diferentes « deudas » de G. Garcia Marquez trente a textos de otros autores, se manifiesta que la obra de arte es el producto de la relación dialéctica entre una subjetividad y una colectividad, una cultura. Desde la literatura latina hasta los autores norteamericanos (Faulkner, Virginia Woolf), pasando por Rabelais o Zalamea, la obra fictional marquesiana déjà transparentar referencias intertextuales multiples, una gran variedad de modalidades (nombres de personajes, descripciones, esquemas simbólicos o actanciales, motivos de escritura...). También destaca una red de relaciones intertextuales internas que vinculan entre si los textos del autor, constituyendo guinos al lector. Más alla de estos juegos de autor, se élabora mediante este proceso una verdadera teoría del narrador, del autor, del lector y del sistema narrative» en el que la lectura ocupa un sitio fundamental.
El nuevo realismo : temas y conceptos
Authors: Kohut Karl
Published: January 2016

« Nouveau réalisme, thème et concepts ».

L'hypothèse d'un «nouveau réalisme» est abordée sous l'angle problématique et porte sur le roman. D'abord une définition des réalités que concerne ce « nouveau réalisme ». Trois domaines se dégagent : l'environnement, les relations entre hommes et femmes, mettant l'accent sur la vision des corps, tout particulièrement dans le roman féminin ; les minorités, surtout ethniques et sexuelles ; les « sous-cultures », notamment celles des groupes déjeunes des grandes métropoles...

On peut faire une première esquisse d'un tableau des écrivains porteurs de cette nouvelle écriture. Puis il convient d'étudier la rencontre entre « réalisme » et « nouveau réalisme » sur le plan théorique, comme dans les œuvres romanesques récemment publiées : « réalisme magique », distorsion du réel sous l'effet de la « parodie » et de la « carnavalisation ». Sans épuiser les différents concepts du réalisme, la réflexion porte aussi l'importance prise au XX° siècle par le réalisme social et le réalisme socialiste.
Détérioration du réel (et réalisme de Paltérité) dans la poésie récente de José Emilio Pacheco
Authors: Vives Daniel
Published: January 2016

« Deterioro de la realidad (y realismo de la alteridad) en la poesia reciente de José Emilio Pacheco ».

Tópico frecuente en la critica hispanoamericana de los años 1960-1970, el concepto de «nuevo realismo» se aplica hoy sobre todo al metadiscurso narrativo, como si dejara a salvo el campo de la poesia. Sin embargo, de 1980 a 1994 — a partir de Desde enfonces (1980), Los trabajos del mar (1982), Miro la tierra (1986), Ciudad de la memoria, y hasta El silencio de la luna — surge un nuevo realismo en la poesia de José Emilio Pachco. Résulta de la alteridad del sujeto poético trente a la derelicción, a la destruction que obsesionan el final del siglo XX al que se suele llamar « postmoderno », « postindustrial », « postideológico ». La temática del medio ambiente, la preocupación, indignada, del porvenir apocaliptico del medio urbano — el Malpais — son dimensiones antiguas y nuevas a la vez del discurso poético. Renuevan la mediación entre poeticidad y referencialidad, entre texto y realidad : culturalismo, referencia a las artes plasticas, intertextualidad, citas, traducciones, pluralización de la voz auctorial, désinflation del tradicional sujeto monádico ; defensa del anonimato poético, recursos del ready made y del poema palimpseste, ruptura de las fronteras genéricas.
Narrativa : deterioro y desesperanza (narrativa venezolana)
Authors: Navarro Armando
Published: January 2016

« Prose narrative : détérioration et désespoir ».

Au fil de son histoire, la littérature vénézuélienne a constamment gardé le lien avec la représentation des conditions sociales, politiques et économiques caractérisant un moment de la vie du pays. Cette constante interaction entre texte et réalité reste valide pour les écrits publiés dans la décennie 1970, bien que ce soit un temps de recherches formelles. Dans les deux dernières décennies, des écrivains poursuivent cette relation, parfois sous forme d'achronie ou d'anachronie rétrospective, regards vers le passé qui sont sous-tendus par les changements apparus dans la réalité. Ce nouvel ordre existentiel entraîne des expectatives nouvelles. La lecture des récits de la décennie 1980 et de la décennie 1990 soulignent la force du désespoir que découle du sentiment d'une dégradation, une détérioration de la société qui pousse à l'inquiétude devant le futur, l'incertitude personnelle et collective.