bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training sozialer Kompetenzen in der Gruppe
Authors: Gunia Hans , Saurgnani Simone
Published: March 2023

Das Training sozialer Kompetenzen zielt darauf ab, mit verschiedenen Interventionen der Verhaltenstherapie soziale Kompetenzen bei Patientinnen und Patienten aufzubauen bzw. zu verbessern. Es findet unter anderem Anwendung bei der Behandlung depressiver Störungen, sozialer Phobien, bei Suchterkrankungen, bei Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen, in der Familientherapie psychotischer Störungen sowie bei der Behandlung von Paaren. Das Buch beschreibt Theorie und Praxis des Trainings sozialer Kompetenzen (TSK) in der Gruppe.
Der Band vermittelt zunächst Hintergrundwissen zum TSK und stellt anschließend verschiedene Interventionen zum Aufbau und zur Förderung sozialer Kompetenzen anhand von Übungen, Informations- und Arbeitsblättern anschaulich vor. Hierbei werden auch Fertigkeiten im Umgang mit sozialen Medien und Methoden der dritten Welle der Verhaltenstherapie, z.B. Achtsamkeit oder Strategien der Akzeptanz, berücksichtigt. Angepasst an die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse in der Gruppe und die zeitlichen Möglichkeiten, können einzelne Module, z.B. Kennenlernen, Kommunikation, Bitten äußern und Neinsagen, fokussiert oder verschiedene Module miteinander kombiniert werden. Der Praxisleitfaden kann sowohl in der ambulanten als auch in der stationären Psychotherapie Anwendung finden. Eingegangen wird auch auf die Möglichkeiten der Umsetzung des TSK im Rahmen der Richtlinientherapie sowie auf den Umgang mit schwierigen Gruppensituationen. Die zahlreichen im Buch enthaltenen Arbeitsmaterialien können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden. Gruppentherapeutinnen und Gruppentherapeuten erhalten mit diesem Band eine praxisorientierte Hilfe für die Durchführung von Selbstsicherheitsinterventionen in der Gruppe.
Ratgeber Zwangsstörungen
Authors: Koch Stefan , Bähring Daniel , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Zwangsstörungen sind eine häufige und besonders hartnäckige Form der psychischen Erkrankung. Auch wenn wirksame Behandlungsansätze vorliegen, werden diese oftmals nur unzureichend in der Praxis angewandt. Der Ratgeber liefert eine fundierte Einführung in die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von Zwangsstörungen. Er eignet sich insbesondere dazu, therapiebegleitend eingesetzt zu werden, und ist zudem für Personen geeignet, die sich auf die Behandlung ihrer Zwangsstörung gründlich vorbereiten möchten.
Der Ratgeber stellt zunächst aktuelle Erklärungsansätze zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Zwängen dar und veranschaulicht diese anhand von Fallbeispielen. Anschließend werden die einzelnen Schritte der Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Behandlung einer Zwangsstörung beschrieben: Hierbei geht es u.a. um die Klärung von Sicherheits- und Vermeidungsverhalten, die Erarbeitung einer individuellen Zwangshierarchie und um die Bearbeitung der psychischen Funktionen der Zwänge. Zentrales Element der Behandlung von Zwangsstörungen ist die Durchführung von Expositionen. Wie in der Therapie dabei vorgegangen wird und welche Fallstricke dabei auftauchen können, wird verständlich erläutert. Da der Umgang mit Zwangsgedanken und gedanklichen Ritualen besonders herausfordernd ist, wird das Vorgehen bei dieser Gruppe der Zwangsstörungen in einem separaten Kapitel abgehandelt. Im Ratgeber wird auch darauf eingegangen, wie Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer Störung aus dem Zwangsspektrum behandelt werden können, wenn sie zusätzlich unter einer weiteren psychischen Störung, z.B. einer Depression oder einer Traumafolgestörung, leiden. Zahlreiche Fallbeispiele, vertiefende Übungen, Arbeitsmaterialien und Verweise auf hilfreiche Kontaktadressen machen den Band zu einem wertvollen Arbeitsbuch für Betroffene, Angehörige sowie Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten.
Ratgeber Glücksspielsucht
Authors: Wölfling Klaus
Published: March 2023

Etwa 1 bis 2% der Deutschen sind glücksspielsüchtig. Menschen, die Glücksspiel suchtartig betreiben, erleben in ihrem Alltag in der Regel eine Reihe von psychischen, sozialen und finanziellen Problemen, die großen Leidensdruck verursachen können. Dieser Ratgeber richtet sich sowohl an Betroffene als auch an Angehörige und soll dabei helfen, das Krankheitsbild der Glücksspielsucht besser zu verstehen.
Der Ratgeber bietet zunächst allgemeine Informationen rund um das Thema Glücksspiel bzw. Glücksspielsucht und die verschiedenen Formen des Glücksspiels sowie deren suchtfördernde Merkmale. Die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Glücksspielsucht wird anhand eines 3-Phasenmodells beschrieben und durch Prozesse der klassischen und operanten Konditionierung, der Toleranzentwicklung und durch das Phänomen des Suchtgedächtnisses erklärt. Betroffene und Angehörige erfahren, welche Anlaufstellen und Hilfsangebote es gibt. Die Schwerpunkte einer verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung bei Glücksspielsucht werden aufgezeigt: Die Bearbeitung dysfunktionaler Kognitionen, Rückfallprävention und Geldmanagement. Anhand von Fallbeispielen und mithilfe von Arbeitsblättern wird veranschaulicht, wie Betroffene ihre dysfunktionalen Kognitionen in Bezug auf das Glücksspiel identifizieren, persönliche Risikosituationen und Notfallstrategien zur Rückfallprävention erarbeiten und einen Überblick über ihre finanzielle Situation erlangen können.
A >200 ka U‐Th Based Chronology From Lacustrine Evaporites, Searles Lake, CA
Authors: Stroup Justin S. , Olson Kristian J. , Lowenstein Tim K. , Jost Adam B. , Mosher Hayley M. , Peaple Mark D. , Feakins Sarah J. , Chen Christine Y. , Lund Steven P. , McGee David
Published: March 2023

Well‐dated lacustrine records are essential to establish the timing and drivers of regional hydroclimate change. Searles Basin, California, records the depositional history of a fluctuating saline‐alkaline lake in the terminal basin of the Owens River system draining the eastern Sierra Nevada. Here, we establish a U‐Th chronology for the ∼76‐m‐long SLAPP‐SLRS17 core collected in 2017 based on dating of evaporite minerals. Ninety‐eight dated samples comprising nine different minerals were evaluated based on stratigraphic, mineralogic, textural, chemical, and reproducibility criteria. After the application of these criteria, a total of 37 dated samples remained as constraints for the age model. A lack of dateable minerals between 145 and 110 ka left the age model unconstrained over the penultimate glacial termination (Termination II). We thus established a tie point between plant wax δD values in the core and a nearby speleothem δ18O record at the beginning of the Last Interglacial. We construct a Bayesian age model allowing stratigraphy to inform sedimentation rate inflections. We find that the >210 ka SLAPP‐SRLS17 record contains five major units that correspond with prior work. The new dating is broadly consistent with previous efforts but provides more precise age estimates and enables a detailed evaluation of evaporite depositional history. We also offer a substantial revision of the age of the Bottom Mud‐Mixed Layer contact, shifting it from ∼130 ka to 178 ± 3 ka. The new U‐Th chronology documents the timing of mud and salt layers and lays the foundation for climate reconstructions.
Multi‐Source Perturbations in the Evolution of a Low‐Latitudinal Equatorial Plasma Bubble Event Occurred Over China
Authors: Sun Longchang , Xu Jiyao , Zhu Yajun , Yuan Wei , Gao Hong , Yan Chunxiao
Published: March 2023

In this paper, multi‐source perturbations during the evolution of an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event at low latitudes in China are studied by means of multi‐ground‐based instruments, including an all‐sky airglow imager, a very high frequency (VHF) radar and eight digisondes. We found that EPB event initially evolved from bottom perturbations (∼600 km scale) seeded by atmospheric gravity waves in a form of large‐scale wave‐like structure, accompanying smaller‐scale perturbations (∼150 km scale) mostly by collision‐shear instability (CSI); once formed, those seed perturbations further evolved into the ionospheric topside by the plasma instability. Observed and analyzed are two different instabilities: one is the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability (RTI) driven by a prereversal enhancement of the zonal electric field (PRE) occurred near sunset; the other is an equatorward wind‐induced secondary E × B gradient drift instability (GDI) around midnight. Accompanying the PRE‐induced RTI are freshly‐generated depletions with larger poleward (upward) velocities. The PRE‐driven RTI could elevate the bottom perturbations directly to form fast‐moving depletions/structures at the ionospheric topside. The E × B GDI was trigged by a vertical upward plasma jet caused by a seasonal equatorward wind in regions as far as 10°N (20°N) from the geomagnetic (geographic) equator. This equatorward wind‐induced E × B GDI continuously forced topside structures of those drifting‐type EPB depletions to extend poleward more slowly, resulting in active 3.2‐m irregularities around midnight. Besides, we present evidence that a westward polarization electric field generated in an adjacent trough region of the faster‐growing cluster‐type depletions inhibited the neighboring slower‐growing cluster‐type depletions.
Extreme Event Statistics in Dst, SYM‐H, and SMR Geomagnetic Indices
Authors: Bergin A. , Chapman S. C. , Watkins N. W. , Moloney N. R. , Gjerloev J. W.
Published: March 2023

Extreme space weather events are rare, and quantifying their likelihood is challenging, often relying on geomagnetic indices obtained from ground‐based magnetometer observations that span multiple solar cycles. The Dst index ring‐current monitor, derived from an hourly average over four low‐latitude stations, is a benchmark for extreme space weather events, and has been extensively studied statistically. We apply extreme value theory (EVT) to two geomagnetic ring current indices: SYM‐H (derived from 6 stations) and SMR (derived from up to 120 stations). EVT analysis reveals a divergence between the return level found for Dst, and those for SYM‐H and SMR, that increases non‐linearly with return period. For return periods below 10 years, hourly averaged SYM‐H and SMR have return levels similar to Dst, but at return periods of 50 and 100 years, they respectively exceed that of Dst by about 10% and 15% (SYM‐H) and about 7% and 12% (SMR). One minute resolution SYM‐H and SMR return levels progressively exceed that of Dst; their 5, 10, 50, and 100 year return levels exceed that of Dst by about 10%, 12%, 20% and 25% respectively. Our results indicate that consideration should be given to the differences between the indices if selecting one to use as a bench mark in model validation or resilience planning for the wide range of space weather sensitive systems that underpin our society.
1ppm-detectable hydrogen gas sensors by using highly sensitive P+/N+ single-crystalline silicon thermopiles
Authors: Zhang Haozhi , Jia Hao , Ni Zao , Li Ming , Chen Ying , Xu Pengcheng , Li Xinxin
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen (H2) is currently of strategic importance in the pursuit of a decarbonized, environmentally benign, sustainable global energy system; however, the explosive nature of H2requires leakage monitoring to ensure safe application in industry. Therefore, H2gas sensors with a high sensitivity and fast response across a wide concentration range are crucial yet technically challenging. In this work, we demonstrate a new type of MEMS differential thermopile gas sensor for the highly sensitive, rapid detection of trace H2gas in air. Facilitated by a unique MIS fabrication technique, pairs of single-crystalline silicon thermopiles (i.e., sensing and reference thermopiles) are batch fabricated with high-density single-crystalline silicon thermocouples, yielding an outstanding temperature sensitivity at the sub-mK level. Such devices ensure the detection of miniscule temperature changes due to the catalytic reaction of H2with a detection limit as low as ~1 ppm at an operating temperature of 120 °C. The MEMS differential thermopiles also exhibit a wide linear detection range (1 ppm-2%, more than four orders of magnitude) and fast response and recovery times of 1.9 s and 1.4 s, respectively, when detecting 0.1% H2in air. Moreover, the sensors show good selectivity against common combustible gases and volatile organics, good repeatability, and long-term stability. The proposed MEMS thermopile H2sensors hold promise for the trace detection and early warning of H2leakage in a wide range of applications.
Application of quantitative T1, T2 and T2* mapping magnetic resonance imaging in cartilage degeneration of the shoulder joint
Authors: Cao Guijuan , Gao Shubo , Xiong Bin
Published: March 2023

To investigate and compare the values of 3.0 T MRI T1, T2 and T2* mapping quantification techniques in evaluating cartilage degeneration of the shoulder joint. This study included 123 shoulder joints of 119 patients, which were scanned in 3.0 T MRI with axial Fat Suppression Proton Density Weighted Image (FS-PDWI), sagittal fat suppression T2 Weighted Image (FS-T2WI), coronal T1Weighted Image (T1WI), FS-PDWI, cartilage-specific T1, T2 and T2* mapping sequences. Basing on MRI images, the shoulder cartilage was classified into grades 0 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to the International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society (ICRS). The grading of shoulder cartilage was based on MRI images with ICRS as reference, and did not involve arthroscopy or histology.The T1, T2 and T2* relaxation values in the superior, middle and inferior bands of shoulder articular cartilage were measured at all grades, and the differences in various indicators between groups were analyzed and compared using a single-factor ANOVA test. The correlation between T1, T2 and T2* relaxation values and MRI-based grading was analyzed by SPSS software. There were 46 shoulder joints with MRI-based grade 0 in healthy control group (n = 46), while 49 and 28 shoulder joints with grade 1–2 (mild degeneration subgroup) and grade 3–4 (severe degeneration subgroup) in patient group (n = 73), accounting for 63.6% and 36.4%, respectively. The T1, T2 and T2* relaxation values of the superior, middle and inferior bands of shoulder articular cartilage were significantly and positively correlated with the MRI-based grading (P < 0.01). MRI-basedgrading of shoulder cartilage was markedly associated with age (r = 0.766, P < 0.01). With the aggravation of cartilage degeneration, T1, T2 and T2* relaxation values showed an upward trend (all P < 0.01), and T1, T2 and T2* mapping could distinguish cartilage degeneration at all levels (all P < 0.01). The T1, T2 and T2* relaxation values were significantly different between normal group and mild degeneration subgroup, normal group and severe degeneration subgroup, mild degeneration subgroup and severe degeneration subgroup (all P < 0.05). Quantitative T1, T2 and T2* mapping can quantify the degree of shoulder cartilage degeneration. All these MRI mapping quantification techniques can be used as critical supplementary sequences to assess shoulder cartilage degeneration, among which T2 mapping has the highest value.
Seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic’s last ice area during the Early Holocene
Authors: Detlef Henrieka , O’Regan Matt , Stranne Christian , Jensen Mads Mørk , Glasius Marianne , Cronin Thomas M. , Jakobsson Martin , Pearce Christof
Published: March 2023

According to climate models, the Lincoln Sea, bordering northern Greenland and Canada, will be the final stronghold of perennial Arctic sea-ice in a warming climate. However, recent observations of prolonged periods of open water raise concerns regarding its long-term stability. Modelling studies suggest a transition from perennial to seasonal sea-ice during the Early Holocene, a period of elevated global temperatures around 10,000 years ago. Here we show marine proxy evidence for the disappearance of perennial sea-ice in the southern Lincoln Sea during the Early Holocene, which suggests a widespread transition to seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic Ocean. Seasonal sea-ice conditions were tightly coupled to regional atmospheric temperatures. In light of anthropogenic warming and Arctic amplification our results suggest an imminent transition to seasonal sea-ice in the southern Lincoln Sea, even if the global temperature rise is kept below a threshold of 2 °C compared to pre-industrial (1850–1900).
Pigmented Millets: Nutritional Quality and Potential Benefits for Human Health
Authors: Sobti Anupreet Kaur , Bansal Vasudha , Sharma Nitya , Prasad Priyanka , Sahu J. K. , Joshi Sukirti , Solanki Divyang
Published: March 2023

Millets exist in a variety of colours, and their kernel colour is a key criterion for determining market value and nutritional quality. Carotenoids and polyphenols are naturally occurring pigments distributed in varied quantities in different species of pigmented millets. These compounds not only provide health benefits, but also help in the prevention of chronic disorders related to oxidative stress. Because of their high concentrations of minerals, polyphenols, vitamins, and a range of biologically active chemicals, pigmented wheat and rice have recently garnered considerable attention. However, minor cereals with great local significance, like pigmented millets, are yet to be explored. This chapter comprehensively describes colour-imparting compounds in millets, i.e. carotenoids and anthocyanins, their nutritional characteristics, and potential health implications.
Pigmented and Non-pigmented Cereals: Comparative Study of Properties
Authors: Srikaeo Khongsak
Published: March 2023

Recently, pigmented cereals have gained more attention due to their high nutritional value and bioactive compounds, which may provide health benefits. This chapter compares the properties of pigmented and non-pigmented cereals. They differ in terms of colour, flavour, nutritional content, and physiochemical attributes. The antioxidative and free radical scavenging characteristics of pigmented cereals are receiving increased attention due to their potential to provide and promote human health by lowering the concentration of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Compared with non-pigmented cereals, pigmented cereals contain a higher concentration of phenolics and flavonoids, including anthocyanins. These compounds have been associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Anthocyanins in Colored Cereals: Measurement and Composition
Authors: Kour Jasmeet , Afreen Maliha , Lee Nen That Lisa F. M. , Uçak İlknur , Anand Naveen , Pandohee Jessica
Published: March 2023

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolic products made by plants; they are ubiquitous in nature. Anthocyanins are pigments that are soluble in water. Therefore they are widely used in food industry as food colorants. This is advantageous as the food regulatory, food safety and food processing guidelines emphasize the reduction in the use of artificial food colorants. In some cases, for example in the United States, the consumption of anthocyanins has been reported to be 12.5 mg day−1 approximately. Several cereals, such as colored wheat, purple corn, colored barley and red rice are regarded as functional raw materials and natural colorants, thanks to their high anthocyanin content. The composition and content of anthocyanins in pigmented cereals are affected by various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as environmental factors (primarily UV-B light). Increased biotic and abiotic stresses on plants results in the production of anthocyanins. In humans, these anthocyanins have health-promoting properties. Consequently there has been an increase in demand for anthocyanins. As technology advances, instruments such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are widely used to identify and quantify anthocyanins in colored cereals. This chapter will provide an in-depth discussion on the composition and measurement of anthocyanins in colored cereals.
Interfacial anion vacancy engineered graphitic carbon nitride photoelectrode for promoting charge separation
Authors: Ramacharyulu P. V. R. K. , Kim Chang Woo
Published: March 2023

Anion vacancies in a ZnO@ZnSe@g-C3N4heterojunction for enhanced charge separation.
Nanoscale mapping of edge-state conductivity and charge-trap activity in topological insulators
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Oh Yuhyeon , Jeong Jin-Young , Choi Yoonji , Cho Duckhyung , Hong Seunghun
Published: March 2023

A nanoprobe is utilized to map surface- and edge-state conductivity and traps of a topological insulator at nanoscale resolutions. The surface- and edge-states exhibit different transport behavior using external stimuli such as light and electric field.
Mechanistic study of Al2O3 coating effects on lithium deposition and dissolution reaction
Authors: Kakimi Tomohiro , Miyakawa Shuntaro , Taminato Sou , Saito Takaya , Mori Daisuke , Imanishi Nobuyuki
Published: March 2023

Lithium formed dense and smooth two-dimensional lithium clusters on the Al2O3 film, while needle-like lithium grew three-dimensionally on the bare Cu electrode. This leads to superior coulombic efficiency and cycling behaviour.
Observation of ferromagnetism in CeCr2Si2C single crystals
Authors: Wang Guobin , Chen Long , Deng Jun , Yang Yuxin , Sun Tao , Zhang Zesheng , Chen Xu , Li Hui
Published: March 2023

CeCr2Si2C bulk single crystals with high purity were firstly grown from high temperature solutions and showed a native ferromagnetic behavior with a transition temperature of ∼12.4 K.
Molecular structure – intrinsic photostability relationships for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers
Authors: Kuznetsov Petr M. , Martynov Ilya V. , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Zakharchenko Elena N. , Slesarenko Nikita A. , Kukharenko Andrey I. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: March 2023

Material chemical structure – intrinsic photostability relationships are revealed for a family of DPP-based polymers and the pathway of DPP block photodegradation is identified, thus providing guidelines for designing more stable organic absorbers.
Structural mapping and tuning of mixed halide ions in amorphous sulfides for fast Li-ion conduction and high deformability
Authors: Kim Ji-Su , Kim Young Jung , Han Daseul , Nam Kyung-Wan , Kwon Gihan , Heo Tae Wook , Jung Hun-Gi , Yoon Kyung Joong , Kim Hyoungchul
Published: March 2023

A glassy sulfide with fast Li-ion conduction and high deformability was developed and analyzed by combinatorial atomic-level approaches.
Thermoplastic charge-transfer hydrogels for highly sensitive strain and temperature sensors
Authors: Zhang Ru , Liu Cuiwen , Wei Chengmeng , Wang Yao , Li Feng , Zhang Zhiqiang , Qu Jinqing , Qing Ning , Tang Liuyan
Published: March 2023

Conductive hydrogels crosslinked by charge-transfer complexes are prepared and fabricated as strain and temperature sensors with high sensitivity. The hydrogel-based sensors can retain good sensing performance after the thermoplastic process.
Accelerated discovery of cost-effective Nd–Fe–B magnets through adaptive learning
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Jian , Zhang Minjuan , Dong Zhanji , Peng Zhongjie , Ji Xinyi , Liu Mei , Zhang Lanting , Zhang Anqi , Zhu Hong
Published: March 2023

Designing Nd–Fe–B-based permanent magnets with exceptional high temperature stability is a critical step for extending their use in traction motors with an operating temperature of ∼150 °C.
Increasing the siRNA knockdown efficiency of lipid nanoparticles by morphological transformation with the use of dihydrosphingomyelin as a helper lipid
Authors: Hashimoto Masahiro , Yonezawa Sei , Furan Song , Nitta Chiori , Maeda Noriyuki , Tomita Koji , Yokouchi Ayano , Koide Hiroyuki , Asai Tomohiro
Published: March 2023

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing dioleoylglycerophosphate-diethylenediamine conjugate (DOP-DEDA) (DOP-DEDA LNPs) show marked morphological transformation and significantly different knockdown efficiency of siRNA when different helper lipids are used.
Correction: Virtual microwells for digital microfluidic reagent dispensing and cell culture
Authors: Eydelnant Irwin A. , Uddayasankar Uvaraj , Li Bingyu ‘Betty’ , Liao Meng Wen , Wheeler Aaron R.
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Virtual microwells for digital microfluidic reagent dispensing and cell culture’ by Irwin A. Eydelnant et al., Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 750–757, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2LC21004E.
Correction: Selective area growth of GaN nanowires and nanofins by molecular beam epitaxy on heteroepitaxial diamond (001) substrates
Authors: Pantle Florian , Becker Fabian , Kraut Max , Wörle Simon , Hoffmann Theresa , Artmeier Sabrina , Stutzmann Martin
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Selective area growth of GaN nanowires and nanofins by molecular beam epitaxy on heteroepitaxial diamond (001) substrates’ by Florian Pantle et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2021, 3, 3835–3845, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00221J.
Microstructure regulation of resin-based hard carbons via esterification cross-linking for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Sun Ning , Yu Jiaxu , Soomro Razium Ali , Zhang Shaohong , Xu Bin
Published: March 2023

A phenolic resin-based carbon heterostructure with advanced Na-storage performance was prepared by regulating its pyrolysis process via an esterification cross-linking reaction.
Structures, band gaps, and formation energies of highly stable phases of inorganic ABX3 halides: A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl; B = Be, Mg, Ca, Ge, Sr, Sn, Pb; and X = F, Cl, Br, I
Authors: Alqahtani Saad M. , Alsayoud Abduljabar Q. , Alharbi Fahhad H.
Published: March 2023

Recently, halide perovskites have attracted a substantial attention.
Reversible thermally induced spin crossover in the myoglobin–nitrito adduct directly monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Valianti Vasiliki K. , Tselios Charalampos , Pinakoulaki Eftychia
Published: March 2023

At ambient temperature the high spin state of the heme Fe–O–NO myoglobin species is dominant and upon decreasing the temperature the low spin state is populated, demonstrating that a thermally-induced spin crossover phenomenon takes place.
Superior hydrogen performance of in situ formed carbon modified MgH2 composites
Authors: Cheng Ying , Zhang Wei , Chen Jing , Wang Jiachen , Pei Pei , Li Fengxin
Published: March 2023

In situ generated amorphous carbon catalyzed the improved sorption properties of MgH2.
A novel two-zone sequential optimization model for pyro-oxidation and reduction reactions in a downdraft gasifier
Authors: Palange Rupesh , Krishnan Murugesan
Published: March 2023

Pyro-oxidation and reduction reactions in a downdraft gasifier optimized for improved carbon conversion efficiency and calorific value.
Enhanced activated carbon lithium-ion capacitor electrochemical stability through electrolyte dielectric optimisation
Authors: Eleri Obinna Egwu , Pires Julie , Huld Frederik Thorbjørn , Lu Song , Schweigart Philipp , Svensson Ann Mari , Lou Fengliu , Yu Zhixin
Published: March 2023

Our results demonstrate that high electrolyte dielectric enhances activated carbon lithium-ion capacitor stability. The enhanced stability is due to improved PF6 anion protection and delayed electrolyte decomposition on the AC cathode.
The dual effect and mechanism analysis of expanded aluminum on an ethylene explosion
Authors: Wang Le , Gao Jiancun , Pan Renming , Hu Shoutao , Zhou Shangyong , Yang Xigang , Hong Zijin
Published: March 2023

Study of the double effect of EA with different densities on an ethylene explosion explained by experiment and simulation for the first time.
A low-symmetry monothiatruxene-based hole transport material for planar n–i–p perovskite solar cells with 18.9% efficiency
Authors: Tanaka Ellie , Kim Gyu Min , Maciejczyk Michał R. , Ishii Ayumi , Nichol Gary S. , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Robertson Neil
Published: March 2023

Asymmetric truxene-based hole-transport material shows stable amorphous film and good efficiency in perovskite solar cell.
A novel environment-tolerant hydrogel via a combination effect of a polyurethane coating and hygroscopic salt for underwater monitoring
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Bian Fuping , Shi Jun , Zhang Ending , Kong Chenguang , Ren Jianrong , Wu Kun
Published: March 2023

A combination effect of a polyurethane coating and hygroscopic lithium chloride endows various hydrogels with more adaptability to harsh environments.
Highly-conductive Cu-substituted brownmillerite with emergent 3-dimensional oxygen vacancy channels
Authors: Han Wenqiao , Hu Songbai , Li Xiaowen , Liu Qi , Ye Mao , Xu Zedong , Hu Sixia , Zhu Yuanmin , Chen Lang
Published: March 2023

A novel -SCO was formed from the BM-SCO parent material by Cu-substitution. Although the oxygen content was lowered, the electric conductivity improved by 2–3 orders of magnitude, and the OER performances were greatly improved.
Enhanced self-powered UV photodetection from X chromosome-shaped Cs3Cu2I5microcrystals
Authors: Li Xuesong , Zhou Yulu , Huang Fengchang , Tao Xiaoma , Ouyang Yifang , Mo Xiaoming , Zhao Jialong
Published: March 2023

Curious X chromosome-shaped Cs3Cu2I5microcrystals synthesized for the first time and used for high-performance self-powered UV photodetectors under ultralow light intensity at the μW cm−2level.
Multiscale feature cross‐layer fusion remote sensing target detection method
Authors: Lin Yuting , Zhang Jianxun , Huang Jiaming
Published: March 2023

Target detection based on remotely sensed images, which has recently attracted much attention, is a fundamental but challenging task. In remote sensing images, the problem of difficult recognition of small targets or targets with a large aspect ratio arises because the targets have the characteristics of small proportion, dense distribution, and multidirectionality. To address the above problems, this article proposes an improved multiscale feature cross‐layer fusion remote sensing target detector based on YOLOv5. First, this method introduces the circular smooth label technique, using YOLOv5 as a rotation detector to solve the angular boundary condition and angle prediction problem for large aspect ratio targets. Second, the explicit visual centre module is introduced to solve the problem of missed detection in target‐dense distribution tasks. Finally, a multiscale feature cross‐layer fusion structure (S‐160) is proposed based on YOLOv5, which improves the detection accuracy of each scale target by fusing shallow and deep feature information and introduces new large‐scale features for small target detection to solve the problem that ultrasmall targets in remote sensing images cannot be recognised. Our experiments were conducted on three public remote sensing datasets, DOTA, DIOR‐R, and HRSC2016, and the average accuracy (mAP) on the datasets was 76.50%, 70.34%, and 97.68%, respectively, demonstrating the substantial detection performance of the proposed method.
The adaptive constant false alarm rate for sonar target detection based on back propagation neural network access
Authors: Chen Zhou , Zhao Xianwen , Zhou Ziqi , Ma Xuefei , Cheng Qi , Cai Xuan , Jiang Bowang , Khan Rahim , Kumar Sharma Pradip , Alfarraj Osama , Tolba Amr
Published: March 2023

With oceanic reverberation and a large amount of data being the main sources of interference for underwater acoustic target detection, it is difficult to obtain a more robust detection performance by relying on the traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection method. An adaptive sonar CFAR detection method based on a back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed. The method combines the artificial intelligence algorithm and the traditional detection algorithm, and uses the classification ability of the algorithm to select the detection algorithm, which can effectively improve the adaptation ability of the algorithm and the environment and the false alarm control ability. The method combines the artificial intelligence algorithm and the traditional detection algorithm, and uses the classification ability of the algorithm to select the detection algorithm, which can effectively improve the adaptation ability of the algorithm and the environment and the false alarm control ability. This method uses a BP neural network to train the target echo signal to complete the clutter background classification and establish the clutter background recognition classification set. According to the output result of each classification, the best CFAR detector is selected from four CA/SO/GO/OS‐CFAR detectors to detect the target. The simulation results show the detection performance of the proposed method in a uniform environment, a multi‐target environment, and a clutter edge environment. The results show that the environment adaptability is strong for different clutter backgrounds, which further improves the control ability of false alarms under a non‐uniform background.
Investigation of the electronic and thermoelectric properties of nitrogen chains doping SWCNT: ab initio study
Authors: Takassa Rabi , El Mouncharih Abdelkarim , Farkad Omar , Elfatouaki Fatima , Hassine Sanae , Ouahdani Abdellatif , Ibnouelghazi El Alami , Abouelaoualim Driss
Published: March 2023

In this work, we have investigated the electronic and thermoelectric properties of CN, C2N2and C4N2nanotubes resulting from doping of nitrogen atoms, three and two N-zigzag chains on small (3,3) single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) respectivelly. All calculations were performed via DFT theory using WIEN2K code. The electronic structure calculations were done using GGA with TB-mBJ exchange potential, while the thermoelectric calculations were done using semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The results show that all structures are energetically stable. The electronic behaviour of (3,3) SWCNT transforms from semiconductor to metal in CN nanotube and to topological Weyl semimetal (WSM) state for C2N2and C4N2nanotubes. The calculations of thermoelectric properties, including electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor, reaveal that the N-doping enhances the thermoelectric properties of pristine nanotube. SWCNT with nitrogen doping has promising electronic and thermoelectric capabilities that make it a potential for electronic and thermoelectric devices.
Ultra-high energy inverse Compton emission from Galactic electron accelerators
Authors: Breuhaus Mischa , Hahn Joachim , Romoli Carlo , Reville Brian , Giacinti Gwenael , Hinton James Anthony , Tuﬀs Richard
Published: March 2023

It is generally held that >100 TeV emission from astrophysical objects unambiguously demonstrates the presence of PeV protons or nuclei, due to the unavoidable Klein–Nishina suppression of inverse Compton emission from electrons. However, in the presence of inverse Compton dominated cooling, hard high-energy electron spectra are possible. We show that the environmental requirements for such spectra can naturally be met in spiral arms, and in particular in regions of enhanced star formation activity, the natural locations for the most promising electron accelerators: powerful young pulsars. Leptonic scenarios are applied to gamma-ray sources recently detected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). We show that these sources can indeed be explained by inverse Compton emission.
New approaches for gamma-hadron separation at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Authors: Bontempo Federico
Published: March 2023

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the geographic South Pole is composed of two detectors. One is the in-ice optical array, which measures high-energy muons from air showers and charged particles produced by the interaction of high-energy neutrinos in the ice. The other is an array of ice-Cherenkov tanks at the surface, called IceTop, which is used both as veto for the in-ice neutrino measurements and for detecting cosmic-ray air showers. In the next decade, the IceCube-Gen2 extension will increase the surface coverage including surface radio antennas and scintillator panels on the footprint of an extended optical array in the ice. The combination of the current surface and in-ice detectors can be exploited for the study of cosmic rays and the search for PeV gamma rays. The in-ice detector measures the high-energy muonic component of air showers, whereas the signal in IceTop is dominated by the electromagnetic component. The relative size of the muonic and electromagnetic components is diﬀerent for gamma-and hadron-induced air showers. Thus, the gamma-hadron separation of cosmic rays is attempted using machine learning techniques including deep learning. Here, diﬀerent approaches are presented. Finally, the prospects for the detection of PeV photons with IceCube-Gen2 will be discussed.
Detection prospects for multi-GeV neutrinos from collisionally heated GRBs
Authors: Zegarelli Angela
Published: March 2023

Neutrinos with energies ranging from GeV to sub-TeV are expected to be produced in γ-ray Bursts (GRBs) as a result of the dissipation of the jet kinetic energy through nuclear collisions occurring around or below the photosphere, where the jet is still optically thick to high-energy radiation. So far, neutrino emission from the inelastic collisional model in GRBs has been poorly investigated from the experimental point of view. In the present work, we discuss prospects for identifying neutrinos produced in such collisionally heated GRBs with the large-volume neutrino telescopes KM3NeT and IceCube, including their low-energy extensions, KM3NeT/ORCA and DeepCore, respectively. We evaluated the detection sensitivity for neutrinos from both individual and stacked GRBs, exploring bulk Lorentz factor values ranging from 100 to 600. As a result of our analysis, individual searches appear feasible only for extreme sources, characterized by γ-ray ﬂuence values at the level of Fγ ≥ 10−2 erg cm−2. In turn, it is possible to detect a signiﬁcant ﬂux of neutrinos from a stacking sample of ∼ 900 long GRBs (which could be detected by current γ-ray satellites in about ﬁve years) already with DeepCore and KM3NeT/ORCA. The detection sensitivity increases with the inclusion of data from the high-energy telescopes, IceCube and KM3NeT/ARCA, respectively.
Searching for high-energy neutrinos from the most luminous supernovae with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Authors: Lincetto Massimiliano
Published: March 2023

The sources of the astrophysical neutrino ﬂux discovered by IceCube remain for the most part unresolved. Extragalactic core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have been suggested as potentially able to produce high-energy neutrinos. In recent years, the Zwicky Transient Facility has discovered a population of exceptionally luminous supernovae, whose powering mechanisms have not yet been fully established. A fraction of these objects fall in the broader category of type IIn CCSNe, showing signs of interaction with a dense circumstellar medium. Theoretical models connect the supernova photometric properties to the dynamics of a shock-powered emission, predicting particle acceleration. In this contribution, we outline the plan for a search of high-energy neutrinos targeting the population of superluminous and type IIn supernovae with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
Searching for Light Dark Matter with Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: The ANDROMeDa Project
Authors: Virzi Federico , Apponi Alice , Cavoto Gianluca , Mariani Carlo , Pandolﬁ Francesco , Rago Ilaria , Ruocco Alessandro
Published: March 2023

The ANDROMeDa (Aligned Nanotube Detector for Research On MeV Dark matter) project aims to develop a novel Dark Matter detector based on carbon nanotubes: the “Dark-PMT”. The detector is designed to be sensitive to dark matter particles with mass between 1 MeV and 1 GeV. The detection scheme is based on dark matter-electron scattering inside a target made of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes. Vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes have reduced density in the direction of the tube axis, therefore the scattered electrons are expected to leave the target without being re-absorbed only if their momentum has a small enough angle with that direction, which is what happens when the tubes are parallel to the dark matter wind. This grants directional sensitivity to the detector, a unique feature in this dark matter mass range.
Light dark matter detection: New ideas and new tools
Authors: Esposito Angelo
Published: March 2023

We discuss possibile ways to probe dark matter in the keV to GeV range with direct detection experiments.
Scalable solutions for the Control Unit of the KM3NeT DAQ system
Authors: Bozza Cristiano
Published: March 2023

The neutrino telescopes of KM3NeT are being incrementally expanded, and will reach their final size in the coming years. New versions of optical modules running new versions of firmware and new instrumentation for calibration are being introduced in the originally repetitive lattice. The inner architecture and data flow of the Control Unit of the KM3NeT telescopes is described, with information about computational and architectural complexity. The current goal is to control two full blocks of the KM3NeT/ARCA detector, i.e. 4370 CLBs and 128340 photomultipliers for 230 detection units, with a single mid-range commercial server machine. The system is designed with software protections and fault tolerance for hardware failure.
Investigating the time properties of an improved 3" Hamamatsu photomultiplier for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Simonelli Andreino , Mollo Carlos Maximiliano , Migliozzi Pasquale
Published: March 2023

The Hamamatsu R14374-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is an improved version of the previous R12199-02 model. It will be used for the completion of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. Five hundred photomultipliers have been characterized for dark count rate, timing spread, and spurious pulses with a dedicated dark box apparatus.The results are compared with the model R12199 used in the first phase of construction of KM3NeT.
The contribution of unresolved sources on the gamma-ray spectrum of molecular clouds
Authors: Vecchiotti Vittoria , Peron Giada , Pagliaroli Giulia , Villante Francesco Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

Fermi-LAT observations of the large-scale diffuse gamma-ray emission unveiled that in some locations, towards the inner Galaxy, the spectrum of this component is harder than the local one, measured at the Earth position. If this signal is associated with the “truly” diffuse emission produced by the interaction of cosmic rays (CRs) with the interstellar medium (ISM) then its observed spectral features can be interpreted as indirect evidence of a CR spectral hardening toward the Galactic center. However, in order to correctly interpret the data, the contribution from unresolved sources has to be taken into account. Newly developed theoretical models showed that the cumulative flux produced by unresolved pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) added to the “truly” diffuse emission significantly shapes the spectrum of the large-scale diffuse emission, challenging the CR spectral hardening hypothesis. In light of the recent results, we discuss the effect of unresolved PWNe on the observed spectra of the diffuse emission with a particular focus on molecular clouds (MCs). We analyze the influence of unresolved sources on clouds of different sizes and locations. Finally, we provide a prescription on how to choose the regions to target in order to have an unbiased determination of the “truly” diffuse emission.
Neutrino predictions from choked Gamma-Ray Bursts and comparison with the observed cosmic diffuse neutrino flux
Authors: Zegarelli Angela , Fasano Michela , Celli Silvia , Guetta Dafne , Capone Antonio , Di Palma Irene
Published: March 2023

The strong constraints from the Fermi-LAT data on the isotropic gamma-ray background suggest that the neutrinos observed by IceCube might possibly come from sources that are hidden to gamma-ray observations. A possibility emerged in recent years is that neutrinos may come from jets of collapsing massive stars which fail to break out of the stellar envelope, and for this reason they are known as choked jets, or choked Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). We here show our predictions of neutrino flux and spectrum expected from these sources, focusing on Type II SNe, through detailed calculations of pγ interactions and accounting for all the neutrino production channels and scattering angles. We provide predictions of expected event rates for ANTARES, IceCube, and the next generation neutrino telescope KM3NeT.We also compute the contribution of the choked GRB population to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, thus providing constraints on the local rate of this source population as to reproduce the observed neutrino flux.
Polar particle flux distribution and its spatial extent
Authors: Yakovchuk Olesya , Wissing Jan Maik
Published: March 2023

Context: The main challenge in atmospheric ionisation modelling is that sparse measurements are used to derive a global precipitation pattern. Typically this requires intense interpolation or scaling of long-term average maps. In some regions however, the particle flux might be similar and a combination of these regions would not limit the results even though it would dramatically improve the spatial and temporal data coverage.

Aims: The paper intends to statistically analyse the particle flux distribution close to the geomagnetic poles labelled as Polar Particle Flux Distribution (PPFD) and identify similar distributions in neighbouring bins. Those bins are grouped and the size of the PPFD area is estimated. The benefit is that single measurements within the PPFD area should be able to represent the particle flux for the whole area at a given time.

Methods: We use spatially binned energetic particle flux distributions measured by POES and Metop spacecraft during 2001–2018 to identify a Kp-dependent area with a similar flux distribution as the one found close to the geomagnetic poles (|magn.lat| > 86°). First, the particle flux is mapped on a magnetic local time (MLT) vs. magnetic latitude grid. In the second step, the gridded data is split up according to Kp levels (forming the final bins). Third, the particle flux in every bin has been recalculated in order to replace zero-count rates with rates based on longer measurement periods which results in a more realistic low flux end of the particle distribution. Then the binned flux distributions are compared to the PPFD. A “Δ-test” indicates the similarity. A threshold for the Δ-test is defined using the standard deviation of Δ-test values inside the (|magn.lat| > 86°) area. Bins that meet the threshold are attributed as PPFD area.

Results: PPFDs and the corresponding PPFD areas have been determined for all investigated particle channels, covering an energy range of 154 eV–300 keV for electrons and 154 eV–2.5 MeV for protons. Concerning low energy channels a gradual flux increase with rising Kp has been identified. High energy channels show a combination of background population and solar particle event (SPE) population that adds up with increasing Kp. The size of the PPFD area depends on particle species, energy and geomagnetic disturbance, as well as MLT. The main findings are: a) There are small but characteristic hemispheric differences. b) Only above a certain energy threshold do the PPFD areas increase with particle energy. c) A clear enlargement with rising Kp is identified – with exceptions for very low Kp. d) The centre of the PPFD area is shifted towards midnight and moves with Kp. Asymmetries of the boundaries could be explained by auroral intensity. e) For low-energy particles the main restriction of the PPFD area seems to be the auroral precipitation.
Überblick über die Gehirnschädigung bei
neuropsychologischer Störung
Authors: Lotze Martin
Published: March 2023

Dieser Überblick soll als Einführung in die
Repräsentation neuropsychologischer Funktionen dienen. Ein
Großteil des Wissens zur Repräsentation der Funktionen ist durch
Testung an Patientinnen mit umschriebenen Schädigungen, an
Gruppenstudien zu Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Schädigungsorten
(Stichwort „lesion mapping“) oder durch funktionelle
Repräsentationsuntersuchungen an Gesunden gewonnen worden, wobei die
Ergebnisse aus unterschiedlichen Methoden nicht immer
übereinstimmen.