bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las fuentes de la microestructura en la primera parte del Vocabulario italiano-español, español-italiano (1620) de Lorenzo Franciosini
Authors: Martínez Egido José Joaquín
Published: April 2016

The Italian-Spanish, Spanish-Italian Vocabulary which Lorenzo Franciosini published in 1620 became an essential reference book in the learning of both languages for almost 200 years, so it can be placed in a privileged position in the history of modern lexicography. The aim of this study is to show the possible sources used by Franciosini in the carrying-out of the microstructure in the first part of his work. In order to reach this aim we have to make a comparative study between his work and the two Italian dictionaries that preceeded him, the Vocabulario de dos lenguas toscana y castellana by Cristóbal de Las Casas, dating from 1570 and the Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca published in 1612. The results we obtain are analysed in the first place separately in any of the works, comparing in this way the writing procedures and also the contents that are revealed. Subsequently and deriving from the aforementioned some general conclusions are offered and with them we will be able to encode not only its originality but also accordingly, its real contribution to the evolution of the lexicographical tasks.
Notas sobre la lengua de un guipuzcoano emigrado a Indias en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Gómez Seibane Sara  , Ramírez Luengo José Luis
Published: April 2016

Eighteenth century has always been a less studied period in Spanish Philology, especially in the case of History of Spanish Language: Lexicon has been more or less studied, but almost everything about syntax or phonology must be still done. The situation of Historical Dialectology studies about this century is similar, or even worse. This paper is just a first approximation to the Spanish of the Eighteenth century Basque Country. We analyse a letter written by a non cultivated man from Guipúzcoa to his wife, where some interesting features can be discovered: not only some features of the Spanish spoken nowadays in the Basque Country, but also ones which can be related with Basque Country romance dialect from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Renovación léxica y diccionario: el nuevo Moliner
Authors: Guerrero Ramos Gloria , Pérez Lagos Manuel Fernando
Published: April 2016

Nowadays very few people are those who think that neology is an avoidable wrong. We ale have the ability to create new words, either in a spontaneous or conscious way, and it is undeniable that languages constantly renew their lexical wealth and that, therefore, the inventory of words of a language will never be able to be conceived as a static or closed set. The dictionary is the specifically designed work to gather up this inventory of words and, furthermore, due to its long tradition, it is today conceived as a cultural institution that acts as a depository of the social memory for the meaning of the lexicon of any given linguistic community. In this occasion, in order to verify the movement of lexical renewal, we shall compare and analyse two editions of a great dictionary, the one from María Moliner.
Propuesta para la elaboración de una concordancia lematizada: la "institutio oratoria" de Quintiliano
Authors: Fresnillo Núñez Javier , Biosca i Bas Antoni
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a new method for the compilation of lemmatized concordances. The method is illustrated by reference to one specific concordance which is being currently produced by the authors of the paper: that of Quintiliane's Institutio Oratoria, one of the most interesting texts of Classical literature, and a major work in the history of literature and rhetorics. The paper also underlines the need to use the best reliable version of the text in lexicographical research. The concordance in question will include Greek-alphabet terms and diacritical signs of textual criticism. Attention is also drawn to the fact that the concordance will include every variant between the three most usual editions of Institutio Oratoria, that is, Oxford Classical Texts, Teubner, and Les Belles Lettres, a novelty in this kind of works.
Y al principio... no fue el verbo (estrategias pragmáticas relacionadas con la posición del sujeto en la conversación coloquial)
Authors: Padilla García Xose Antonio
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to explain what are the implications of the appearance of the subject in Colloquial Spanish. We will emphasize the pragmatic conditionings that account for the use of different constructions. The presence of the subject of the sentence in the Spanish SVO scheme and its position in relation to the verb involve specific pragmatic meanings, which have to do with three main determining factors: (a) type of verb (accusative or inaccusative), (b) informative characterization of the subject (theme/rheme and topic/comment structure) and (c) context of use. Additionally, all different meanings are logically related to the two conversational roles: speaker and listener.
Aplicaciones de tecnología lingüística y otros recursos didácticos para la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera: el verbo
Authors: Provencio Garrigós Herminia
Published: April 2016

In this article, we pretend to show a series of software applications on Linguistic Technology (ATL is the acroym in Spanish) and others Spanish-like-foreign-language (ELE) teaching/learning resources on-line (Internet resources). Our classification has four kinds of resources: a) writing helpers, b) verbal conjugers, c) verbal gramatic information webpages, and d) verbal practice exercises. We identify the contexts of the ELE classroom development where it's suitable to use these resources. At last, we offer a scholars template to evaluate this resources usage.
El tratamiento de la cópula verbal en la historia del pensamiento lingüístico
Authors: Salazar García Ventura
Published: April 2016

Throughout the history of Linguistics, the verbal copula has been analysed from different viewpoints. Some approaches considered the copula simply as an ordinary verb, without any special features. Other ones, on the contrary, have been pinpointed that the copula is an outstanding grammatical unit. Due to this, we can find the traditional use of the term substantive verb, the theory of the copula as the unique real verb and, in the last century, the copula support theory.
El discurso de J.M. Aznar antes y después del 11 M: las marcas de primera persona en la entrevista política
Authors: Marín Jordá Maria Josep  , Campos González Àngels
Published: April 2016

Este artículo analiza la función pragmático-discursiva de las marcas de primera persona en el discurso político. El objetivo del trabajo es comparar el uso de estas marcas en el discurso de J.M. Aznar antes y después de los atentados del 11M. Nuestro corpus está formado por dos entrevistas realizadas a Aznar por la cadena de televisión TeleCinco. La primera tuvo lugar en marzo de 2003, poco antes de la guerra de Irak; la segunda se llevó a cabo en marzo de 2004, unos días después de los atentados del 11M y de las Elecciones Generales. El estudio se realiza en dos niveles: por una parte, se clasifican las preguntas efectuadas por el entrevistador según el grado de conflictividad que presentan; por otra, se analizan las marcas de primera persona teniendo en cuenta el referente extratextual; finalmente se interrelacionan ambos aspectos. El trabajo muestra que el uso de las marcas de primera persona en los textos analizados está condicionado por el contexto político en que se desarrollan. Así, a la vez que se pone de manifiesto la relación entre gramática y discurso, se evidencia la conexión entre lenguaje y sociedad.
La definición lexicográfica del concepto americanismo léxico en el ámbito germánico y románico
Authors: Erlendsdóttir Erla
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se estudia la definición lexicográfica del concepto de americanismo en varios diccionarios monolingües y bilingües en el ámbito románico y germánico. En el ámbito hispánico se suele relacionar el término con las lenguas indígenas del continente americano o con el español hablado en Hispanoamérica. En el ámbito anglosajón se define el concepto en relación con el inglés hablado en los Estados Unidos de América. En las demás lenguas románicas y germánicas estudiadas la explicación del concepto tiende a ser o la explicación hispánica o la anglosajona. Así, el uso, la definición y la comprensión del término resultan ser bastante distintos en los dos ámbitos lingüístico-culturales estudiados.
LMental: un procedimiento mental simple para la derivación de sistemas complejos de relaciones sintácticas
Authors: Lorenzo González Guillermo  , Polo Paredes Luis
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo desarrolla un procedimiento enormemente simple para la generación de sistemas complejos de relaciones. Se propone como un modelo del procedimiento mental empleado en la formación y transformación de estructuras de frase en las gramáticas naturales. Sostenemos que una parte importante de los problemas planteados por la teoría desnuda de la estuctura de frase del Programa Minimalista pueden ser superados gracias a este procedimiento. Proponemos además un primer conjunto de aplicaciones mediante el análisis de ciertos tipos frásticos y de los fenómenos ligados a ellos.
El valor discursivo de los refranes
Authors: Penadés Martínez Inmaculada
Published: April 2016

El artículo muestra la necesidad de analizar los refranes desde una perspectiva textual. Por otra parte, se examina la frecuencia de uso de los refranes en distintos corpus orales del español. Se aportan explicaciones sociológicas sobre su baja frecuencia de uso. Y, finalmente, se realiza un análisis textual de los refranes que aparecen en un corpus oral.
Las fórmulas rutinarias como unidades fraseológicas
Authors: Alvarado Ortega María Belén
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo presentamos un estudio de uno de los fenómenos pragmáticos más difíciles de delimitar, las fórmulas rutinarias. Así, pese a que en los últimos cincuenta años se ha experimentado un notable avance en la caracterización de este tipo de unidades, sigue habiendo una gran diversidad de criterios que dificultan su estudio. Por tanto, es necesario establecer las características de estas unidades fraseológicas y delimitarlas del resto.
Lexicografía orteguiana: más sobre la elaboración de concordancias lematizadas y la edición de textos
Authors: Fresnillo Núñez Javier
Published: April 2016

En el presente artículo se hacen una serie de consideraciones generales sobre los criterios que, a nuestro juicio, son pertinentes a la hora de editar los textos de José Ortega y Gasset. En un aspecto concreto, el de las variantes textuales, hemos analizado tres ediciones distintas de El tema de nuestro tiempo utilizando herramientas informáticas (digitalización, OCR, etc.). La conclusión es que el texto orteguiano presenta variantes que no son recogidas en su totalidad por los editores.
La variación de /θS/: estudio comparativo de dos muestras de población granadinas
Authors: Melguizo Moreno Elisabeth
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo analizamos los resultados que nos ofrece el estudio comparativo de dos muestras de población: la constituida por hablantes nacidos y residentes en la localidad de Pinos Puente y la formada por sujetos procedentes de dicho municipio que se han instalado definitivamente en Granada (inmigrantes pineros). Nuestro propósito es estudiar el grado de acomodación de habla que manifiestan los hablantes en la capital granadina mediante la distribución que experimentan dos normas de funcionamiento lingüístico: la de reducción (seseo-ceceo) y la de distinción en las muestras recogidas. Los parámetros seleccionados para su estudio son la edad, la educación y el sexo. Precisamente en este terreno se adentra el Proyecto de Investigación sobre la Formación de Dialectos (FORDIAL) que proporciona datos relevantes sobre la formación de variedades lingüísticas que surgen de los contactos que se producen en los núcleos urbanos, como consecuencia de los movimientos poblacionales ligados a áreas rurales. En nuestro caso particular interesa principalmente cómo se produce el abandono del ceceo (norma vernácula) a favor de la distinción (variedad de prestigio en Granada).
Sobre el concepto de variación fraseológica
Authors: Alvarado Ortega María Belén
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo presentamos un estudio de uno de los fenómenos fraseológicos más difíciles de delimitar, la variación. Así, pese a que muchos autores han intentado delimitar el término, no existe congruencia entre ellos. De ahí que intentemos analizar este tipo de propiedad que pueden presentar las UFs.
Fonética, lexicología y lexicografía en el siglo XIX: tres disciplinas integradas en la obra de Casto Vilar (1894)
Authors: Cazorla Vivas María del Carmen
Published: April 2016

En la presente investigación nos aproximamos y presentamos una obra de finales del siglo XIX que abarca tres disciplinas distintas pero sumamente relacionadas, como son la fonética, la lexicología y la lexicografía: Elementos de Fonética y Lexicología seguidos del vocabulario franco-español y español-franco, Sevilla, Carlos de Torres y Daza, 1894. Esta integración de disciplinas en una misma obra (gramática y diccionario; fonética y diccionario; diálogos y gramática...) ha sido bastante habitual, sobre todo en los siglos XVIII y XIX, ya que, partiendo de objetivos fundamentalmente didácticos, ofrecían al usuario (principalmente escolares a partir de la segunda mitad del XIX) una herramienta de trabajo integral, para que sirviera de ayuda principalmente en sus traducciones y lecturas. Ahora describimos varios aspectos de esta obra (principalmente del apartado lexicográfico), que prácticamente no ha sido citada ni estudiada con anterioridad, lo que contribuirá a un mejor conocimiento de la hsitoriografía lingüística.
Sobre los modificadores de aproximación y precisión
Authors: González Rodríguez Raquel
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo proponemos que los modificadores de aproximación son términos de polaridad positiva, es decir, que son incompatibles con la negación, mientras que los de precisión no lo son. Se describen los contextos en los que los modificadores de aproximación son rechazados y, a partir del análisis semántico de los modificadores de aproximación y precisión desarrollado por U. Sauerland y P. Stateva (en prensa), se explica por qué los primeros son incompatibles con la negación y los segundos compatibles con ella.
La predicación secundaria en el habla oral informal de Chile
Authors: Hummel Martin
Published: April 2016

Partiendo de la hipótesis según la cual la conversión directa del adjetivo en adverbio (p. ej. María habla rápido) fue el mecanismo de formación de adverbios más importante en el latín hablado, opinamos que la conversión directa debería de mantenerse con mayor vigor en las variedades del español menos afectadas por las normas de la expresión escrita que tienden a imponer los adverbios en -mente (p. ej. María habla rápidamente). De hecho, la conversión directa es de lejos el principal mecanismo de formación de adverbios en el corpus del español informal hablado en Chile analizado aquí. En concreto, la predicación secundaria que nos ocupa aquí aparece como variante funcional que emerge de un continuo borroso de formas y funciones producido por el uso de formas adjetivales dentro del sintagma verbal.
Sobre la estructura discursiva de la oración y su proyección sintáctica: el caso de los adverbios oracionales y otros constituyentes de la periferia oracional
Authors: Rodríguez Ramalle Teresa María
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo voy a investigar la relación que existe entre las categorías funcionales extendidas de la oración vinculadas con la estructura discursiva (Speas y Tenny, 2003) y ciertos constituyentes con alcance oracional y cuya interpretación remite necesariamente a aspectos discursivos. Los constituyentes de los que me ocuparé van a ser adverbios de dominio o punto de vista, adverbios orientados al hablante modificadores de la manera del decir y la conjunción que con valor enunciativo, capaz de introducir el discurso. Estos tres elementos, aparentemente tan dispares, tienen en común su ubicación en el margen izquierdo de la oración y la presencia en su interpretación de dos factores: los relacionados con las propiedades lingüísticas de las unidades léxicas y los que remiten a la información extralingüística y a los conocimientos compartidos por los hablantes.
A typology of calques: the calquing mechanism in contemporary Basque
Authors: Alberdi Larizgoitia Xabier
Published: April 2016

The paper begins with a definition of calques that differentiates clearly between calque, loan and interference. Next calques are classified as semantic, lexical, lexical-phraseological, lexical-syntactic, phraseological, morphosyntactic and discourse calques. The literature on Basque contains frequent statements about the incorrectness or unacceptability of many calques attributed to Castilian or French interference. This paper, on the contrary, stresses the importance of calques and their potential for enriching the Basque language by facilitating the creation of new words in both general and specialized vocabularies. The paper emphazes the utility of well-constructed lexical calques in Basque, and criteria are set forth for evaluating the acceptability of a given calque, viewing calques as both a means and a mechanism of new word creation.
Eufemismos en el lenguaje políticamente correcto de textos legales sobre educación (1986-2006)
Authors: Armenta Moreno Luisa María
Published: April 2016

El movimiento políticamente correcto tiene una importante vertiente lingüística que impone unos determinados usos a los hablantes, ejerciendo un control sobre las maneras de decir. La Administración y el lenguaje legal se sirven de cuantos recursos lingüísticos están a su alcance para aparecer como emisores progresistas y, sobre todo, para transmitir una determinada visión de la realidad educativa, una visión interesada y manipulada. A esto sirve de forma especial el empleo de usos eufemísticos. En este artículo se analizan las estrategias discursivas empleadas en la generación de sustitutos eufemísticos por el lenguaje políticamente correcto en el ámbito legal educativo español entre los años 1986 y 2006.
Conocimiento e inferencias en la comprensión de discursos de especialidad: el manual universitario
Authors: Cubo de Severino Liliana
Published: April 2016

La comprensión de discursos se entiende como un proceso interactivo que requiere por parte del lector la activación de una cantidad considerable de conocimiento previo a fin de generar las inferencias que han sido previstas por el autor del discurso. Pero, dado que es precisamente el conocimiento del que dispone el lector y su relación con lo que lee, el motor que induce a la realización de inferencias ¿qué ocurre cuando existe una relación asimétrica entre autor y lector tal como se da en el caso de los manuales especializados en los que el autor es experto y los lectores suelen tener un grado menor de experticia en la disciplina? A fin de analizar esta interacción, intentaremos responder a dos preguntas de investigación: 1) ¿Qué diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas existen entre las inferencias que realizan un lector semiexperto y un novato, con diferente conocimiento previo de la disciplina? y 2) ¿Qué inferencias científicas realizan los sujetos de ambos grupos?.
Folklore y lingüística
Authors: Montoro del Arco Esteban Tomás
Published: April 2016

El Folklore es un movimiento erudito europeo que surge en el último tercio del siglo XIX con el objetivo de estudiar desde un punto de vista científico los conocimientos y manifestaciones más genuinas del pueblo. Coincide con los comienzos de la Antropología y de la Etnografía, y aunque se basó en las ideas románticas de nación y pueblo, asumió al mismo tiempo las ideas más avanzadas de la época, como el Positivismo y el Evolucionismo social. Dado su interés por las formas de expresión popular, los folkloristas tuvieron siempre presente el estudio de lo lingüístico, aunque, sin embargo, no recibió la misma atención en todos los países. Mantuvo una relación próxima con las disciplinas lingüísticas más características del XIX, como la Filología histórica y comparada, la Dialectología y la Paremiología, aunque esta conexión no ha recibido mucha atención hasta la fecha. En este trabajo mostraremos el lugar que ocupó lo lingüístico en la organización general y en la práctica de los estudios sobre el saber popular, su relación con las disciplinas más propiamente lingüísticas y, especialmente, el valor de este movimiento para la historia de la lingüística española.
La expresión de la probabilidad y la expresión de la orden en español: dos fenómenos de variación sintáctica
Authors: Blanco Canales Ana
Published: April 2016

Este estudio tiene como objeto el análisis de la expresión de la posibilidad y la probabilidad y la de la orden y el mandato desde una perspectiva variacionista, esto es, como fenómenos de variación sintáctica en español. Revisaremos, en primer lugar, diferentes planteamientos con respecto a la variación sociosintáctica y las posibilidades de aplicación del modelo laboviano a este nivel lingüístico, hecho que ha sido cuestionado por diferentes autores, dadas las dificultades que entraña encontrar alternancias que no impliquen cambios en el significado referencial ni en la función comunicativa. A continuación, trataremos de explicar los valores semánticos, gramaticales y pragmáticos de estos tipos de expresión desde la teoría de la modalidad lingüística. La última parte se ocupa de mostrar los resultados obtenidos en el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los diferentes recursos para la expresión de la probabilidad y el mandato, análisis que se ha realizado a partir de los datos obtenidos en un corpus de lengua oral. Hemos intentado comprobar si existen o no preferencias por determinadas formas, y si las frecuencias de uso están condicionadas de manera significativa por factores lingüísticos, sociales o estilísticos.
Using the scienceopen platform to discuss discrepencies. A case study with behavioral studies on PDAPP mice
Authors: Colomb Julien
Published: April 2016

After obtaining the list of papers related to PDAPP mice on the MGI platform, I manually checked the 99 papers for use of behavioral studies and gathered them in a collection (see link). I will now look in more details into the tests used and the results obtained and search especially for discrepencies between different studies. I am planning to use the scienceopen review system as a discussion platform, such that we could discuss differences in results obtained. I am quite excited to see how far it will go.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of biodentine and MTA against e. faecalis an in vitro study
Authors: Jose Jerin , K Shoba , Tomy Nithya , Aman Shibu
Published: April 2016

Background: Surgical endodontic therapy is the prescribed treatment of choice whenever the non-surgical options fail which includes the use of a root end filling material. E. faecalis is the most prevalent organism associated with the treatment failed casesAim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Biodentine and MTA as root end filling material and root repair material against E. faecalis.Settings and Design: Comparative invitro study was conducted at Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences, Kottayam under Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion test. Freshly mixed MTA and Biodentine was added to respective wells and incubated. The zone of inhibition of growth was recorded.Statistical analysis: The data analysis was performed using Students â€˜tâ€™ testResults: Statistically significant difference was found between Biodentine and MTA in against E. faecalis growth.Conclusions: Biodentine was found to have superior antibacterial activity against E. faecalis than MTA. Hence it can be a better alternative to MTA as root end filling and root repair material.
The lower and middle Berriasian in Central Tunisia: Integrated ammonite and calpionellid biostratigraphy of the Sidi Kralif Formation
Authors: Maalaoui Kamel , Zargouni Fouad
Published: April 2016

The lower and middle Berriasian sedimentary succession of the Sidi Kralif Formation has been a subject of biostratigraphic study in two key sections in Central Tunisia. Our contribution is an attempt to better define the basal Berriasian interval, between the Berriasella jacobi Zone and the Subthurmannia occitanica Zone. Zonal schemes are established using ammonites and calpionellids, and these permit correlation with other regions of Mediterranean Tethys and beyond. The use of biomarkers afforded by microfossil groups has allowed characterization and direct correlation with four widely accepted calpionellid sub-zones, namely Calpionella alpina, Remaniella, Calpionella elliptica and Tintinopsella longa. The two ammonite zones of Berriasella jacobi and of Subthurmannia occitanica are recognised on the basis of their index species. The parallel ammonite and calpionellid zonations are useful as a tool for correlation and calibration in time and space, thus allowing a better definition of a J/K boundary. The presence of four Berriasian calpionellid bioevents is recognised: (1) the ‘explosion’ of Calpionella alpina, (2) the first occurrence of Remaniella, (3) the first occurrence of Calpionella elliptica and (4) the first occurrence of Tintinopsella longa. The last is here documented as coeval with the presence of Subthurmannia occitanica, which marks the lower/middle Berriasian boundary.
Increased sialylation and reduced fucosylation of exfoliated cervical cells are potential markers of carcinogenesis in the cervix
Authors: Jin Yingji , Kim Seung Cheol , Kim Hyoung Jin , Ju Woong , Kim Yun Hwan , Kim Hong-Jin
Published: April 2016

Background:

The Pap test has been used for over 50 years for primary screening of cervical cancer. There has been no study of glycosylation changes in Pap test samples despite considerable potential of the glycosylation changes as biomarkers for detecting cancerous lesions. In this study, we developed a 96-well platform for enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs) to evaluate glycosylation levels in cervical cells.

Methods:

A total of 117 samples of exfoliated cervical cells (ECCs) from 37 individuals with normal cytology, 20 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 19 with CIN 2, 26 with CIN 3 and 15 with cervical cancer were analyzed by ELLAs. The wells of 96-well plates were coated with lysates of the cervical cells, and sialylation and fucosylation levels were compared between the groups.

Results:

Sialylation levels increased and fucosylation levels decreased with increasing grade of cervical dysplasia. ELLAs for sialylation [ELLA-Sambucus nigra (SNAs)] and fucosylation [ELLA-Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL)] discriminated not only CIN 2 and worse (CIN 2+: CIN 2, CIN 3, and cancer) from normal cytology but also CIN 3 and worse (CIN 3+: CIN3 and cancer) from normal cytology. ELLA-SNAs and ELLA-AALs distinguished cancer from normal cytology with a high true-positive rate (TPR) (ELLA-SNAs: 87%; ELLA-AALs: 87%) and low false-positive rate (FPR) (ELLA-SNAs: 19%; ELLA-AALs: 11%).

Conclusions:

The sialylation and fucosylation levels of ECCs as measured by ELLAs have great potential as biomarkers for primary screening of cervical cancer.
Effective quality management practices in routine clinical next-generation sequencing
Authors: de Abreu Francine B. , Peterson Jason D. , Amos Christopher I. , Wells Wendy A. , Tsongalis Gregory J.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Molecular technologies have allowed laboratories to detect and establish the profiles of human cancers by identifying a variety of somatic variants. In order to improve personalized patient care, we have established a next-generation sequencing (NGS) test to screen for somatic variants in primary or advanced cancers. In this study, we describe the laboratory quality management program for NGS testing, and also provide an overview of the somatic variants identified in over 1000 patient samples as well as their implications in clinical practice.

Methods:

Over the past one-and-a-half years, our laboratory received a total of 1028 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, which consisted of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), colon adenocarcinomas, glioma/glioblastomas, melanomas, breast carcinomas, and other tumor types. During this time period, we implemented a series of quality control (QC) checks that included (1) pre-DNA extraction, (2) DNA quantification, (3) DNA quality, (4) library quantification, (5) post-emulsification PCR, and (6) post-sequencing metrics. At least 10 ng of genomic DNA (gDNA) were used to prepare barcoded libraries using the AmpliSeq CHPv2. Samples were multiplexed and sequenced on Ion Torrent 318 chips using the Ion PGM System. Variants were identified using the Variant Caller Plugin, and annotation and functional predictions were performed using the Golden Helix SVS.

Results:

A total of 1005 samples passed QC1–3, and following additional library preparation QC checkpoints, 877 samples were sequenced. Samples were classified into two categories: wild-type (127) and positive for somatic variants (750). Somatic variants were classified into clinically actionable (60%) and non-actionable (40%).

Conclusions:

The use of NGS in routine clinical laboratory practice allowed for the detection of tumor profiles that are essential for the selection of targeted therapies and identification of applicable clinical trials, contributing to the improvement of personalized patient care in oncology.
High incidence of macrotroponin I with a high-sensitivity troponin I assay
Authors: Warner Janet V. , Marshall George A.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Cardiac troponin is the preferred biomarker of myocardial injury. High-sensitivity troponin assays allow measurement of very low levels of troponin with excellent precision. After the introduction of a high-sensitivity troponin I assay the laboratory began to receive enquiries from clinicians about clinically discordant elevated troponin I results. This led to a systematic investigation and characterisation of the cause.

Methods:

Routine clinical samples were measured by the Architect High Sensitive Troponin-I (hsTnI) and the VITROS Troponin I ES assays (VitrosTnI). Results that were elevated according to the Architect but not the VITROS assay (Group 1) or results elevated by both assays but disproportionately higher on the Architect (Group 2) were re-analysed for hsTnI after re-centrifugation, multiple dilutions, incubation with heterophilic blocking reagents, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, and Protein A/G/L treatment. Sephacryl S-300 HR gel filtration chromatography (GFC) was performed on selected specimens.

Results:

A high molecular weight complex containing immunoreactive troponin I and immunoglobulin (macrotroponin I) was identified in 5% of patients with elevated hsTnI. Patients with both macrotroponin and myocardial injury had higher and longer elevation of hsTnI compared with VitrosTnI with peaks of both macrotroponin and free troponin I-C complex on GFC.

Conclusions:

Circulating macrotroponin I (macroTnI) causes elevated hsTnI results with the Architect High Sensitive Troponin-I assay with the potential to be clinically misleading. The assay involved in this investigation may not be the only assay affected by macrotroponin. It is important for laboratories and clinicians to be aware of and develop processes to identify and manage specimens with elevated results due to macrotroponin.
Statistical approach for optimization of external quality assurance (EQA) studies of molecular and serological viral diagnostics
Authors: Rumer Leonid , Domingo Cristina , Donoso Mantke Oliver , Dobrydneva Yuliya , Greiner Matthias , Niedrig Matthias
Published: April 2016

Management of viral diagnostic quality is based on external quality assurance (EQA), where laboratories involved in diagnostics of a targeted virus are offered to analyze a panel of blinded samples. The utility of EQAs is compromised because of the absence of an approach to EQA design which upfront defines acceptance criteria and associated statistical analysis ensuring fair and consistent interpretation. We offer a rigorous statistically based approach for EQA planning. Instead of a conventional performance characteristic (the score) which is calculated as the sum of the points for correctly identified samples in a blinded test panel, Youden index is used as the performance measure. Unlike the score, Youden index requires an estimate of sensitivity and specificity and incorporates the relationship of these performance parameters. Based on the assumption that the coordinator is a reputable expert of viral diagnostics, the performance of the coordinator’s laboratory is defined as a proficiency standard for performance evaluation. The immediate goal of EQA is defined as to obtain a statistically reliable estimation for every laboratory whether its performance meets the proficiency standard, while the overall goal is to match every laboratory to its specific performance level. Dependence of informational capacities of test panel from the panel size and content is quantitatively analyzed and the optimal design and informational capacities of both idealized panels (whose size is not restricted by financial factors) and currently feasible panels are considered. Our approach provides the basis both for rational design of currently feasible EQA test panels and for an increased panel size.
The Radiochemical and Radiopharmaceutical Applications of Radium
Authors: Gott Matthew , Steinbach Jörg , Mamat Constantin
Published: April 2016

This review focuses on the chemistry and application of radium isotopes to environmental monitoring, analytical, and medicinal uses. In recent years, radium has been used primarily as a tracer to study the migration of radioactive substances in environmental systems. Tracing the naturally occurring radium isotopes in mineral and water sources allows for the determination of source location, residence time, and concentrations. An understanding of the concentration of radionuclides in our food and water sources is essential to everyone’s health as alpha particle decay is highly damaging in vivo. Due to this high radiobiological effectiveness, there is increased interest in using alpha-emitting radionuclides to prepare new, therapeutic radiopharmaceutical drugs. Selected studies from the recent literature are provided as examples of these modern applications of radium isotopes.
Drei Gefahren philosophischer Begriffsanalysen von Verantwortung
Authors: Vogelmann Frieder
Published: April 2016

Most conceptual analyses of responsibility fail to sufficiently account for the historicity of the concept – bothwithin philosophical reflections and within non-philosophical practices. Three frequently encountered problems are: First, “responsibility” is often read retrospectively in texts where the concept is not present; second, the necessary and sufficient conditions that account for responsibility’s meaning are often derived from contemporary usage alone; and third, the non-philosophical usage of “responsibility” is often dismissed as “defective” too quickly. To avoid all three problems, I argue for a Foucauldian analysis of practices in which “responsibility” is used.
Satisfying the Principle of Fairness in Consumption Tax
Authors: Đorđević Marina
Published: April 2016

Consumption taxes have an important place in the tax systems of modern states. They provide a large amount of revenue for the state budget. However, they are generous, but they are very regressive. It is a bad characteristic. The regressivity problem of the tax burden implies that the consumption tax is burdensome for the population with lower income. They pay similar tax rate as people with high income. The aim of this paper is to point to the existence of the problem of regressivity in underdeveloped and developed countries. This paper analyses the possibilities of reducing this problem in order to satisfy the principle of fairness in taxation.
Determinants of Currency Substitution in Southeast European Countries
Authors: Pepić Marina , Marinković Srđan , Radović Ognjen , Malović Marko
Published: April 2016

Currency substitution is widespread in less developed countries. Since it increases financial vulnerability and limits the effectiveness of monetary policy, it is often in the focus of scientists and experts. In this paper, we analyze the importance of euroization determinants in Serbia and neighboring countries - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, Romania and Croatia for the period 2003-2014. We examine the impact of domestic inflation, nominal exchange rate of the domestic currency against the euro, interest rate spread on domestic and foreign currency, foreign currency inflow in the form of foreign direct investments and exports, as well as the euroization of banks’financial resources on the degree of loan euroization. The results obtained by multiple regression panel methods confirm the statistical significance and assumed direction of the influence of all analyzed variables except inflation and current account balance.
Analysis of Cultural Resources of Southeast European Countries as a Factor of Tourism Competitiveness
Authors: Jovanović Sonja , Đekić Snežana , Ilić Ivana
Published: April 2016

The former role of tourism in terms of provision of accommodation and food has become outdated. Tourist offer increasingly includes additional activities, such as visits to various tangible and intangible cultural sites, and events that tourists perceive visually. In the contemporary tourism trends, cultural resources of Southeast European countries have become an important factor that maintains the competitiveness under conditions of the growing competition on a world scale. Cultural resources directly affect tourism, but there is also an inverse relationship reflected in the impact of tourism on cultural resources that are becoming an important factor for the choice of tourist destinations. The subject of this paper is to review the contribution of cultural resources to the development of tourist destinations with the help of the analysis of elements of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index - TTCI.
A Comparative Analysis of Modern Performance Measurement and Management Models of Companies
Authors: Janjić Vesna , Todorović Mirjana , Jovanović Dejan
Published: April 2016

Modern business conditions have led to the development of a large number of different models for strategic performance management, which view performance measurement through the prism of financial and non-financial indicators, from multiple perspectives. Strategic performance management models should enable efficient and effective management, i.e. an adequate response to continuous changes in the business environment. Theory and practice in this area suggest the development and implementation of various integrated frameworks (models) for performance management of companies, in order to achieve business excellence. In addition to the well-known integrated models, such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Performance Pyramid, SAILS model (Strategy Aligned Integrated Linked Scoring System), GRASP model (Goals-Resources-Actions-Structure-People), and others, Kanji’s Business Excellence Model (KBEM) and Kanji Business Scorecard (KBS) have been developed as well. Kanji’s model was created with the objective of eliminating the weaknesses and shortcomings of previous models, particularly the Balanced Scorecard. The application of multidimensional performance measures should increase the informational power of management in making strategic business decisions. The goal set by this paper is to consider some of the basic features of modern performance measurement and management models of companies that are represented in theory and applied in practice, and, on the basis of comparative analysis, to draw conclusions about their advantages and disadvantages.
Sectoral State Aid in the European Union and the Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Stojanović Boban , Stanišić Tanja
Published: April 2016

State aid aimed to certain market participants, especially some of its categories, carries a risk of distortion of competition. Therefore, it is necessary to control allocation of state aid and its direction from the sectoral objectives towards more justified horizontal objectives of allocating. This paper examines the practice of assigning sectoral state aid in the European Union and in the selected Western Balkan countries by using the methods of comparative and correlation analysis. The aim is to identify deviations and point out to the preferred ways of state aid allocation.
Research on Elementary School Teacher Satisfaction in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Simić Ivana , Mladenović Jelena , Stojković Nebojša
Published: April 2016

Employees’ satisfaction is one of the frequently analyzed subgroups of human attitudes connected to organizational environment. The authors’ aim is to study different categories of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of teachers in elementary schools in the Republic of Serbia, as a specific category of employees. The results of the research carried out have shown that teachers are dissatisfied with salaries, awards and benefits. The next category concerning the intensity of dissatisfaction is teachers’ dissatisfaction with operational procedures. On the other hand, teachers are mostly satisfied with the work they are doing, with their superiors, their colleagues and system of communicating within schools.
An Analysis of Factors and Effects of Product Design Quality
Authors: Bošković Gorica , Radosavljević Marija
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to highlight the fact that there is a significant relationship between design quality and process quality, and then the quality of the finished products (internal quality) and the later use of the products by the consumers (external quality). The paper outlines the model of the synergy between design management and process management. Since design quality is the first link in this chain of creating quality, it is necessary to adequately carry out the design process, or provide high-quality design. High-quality design includes connectivity and collaboration between functions that can contribute to the design process, such as: research and development, production, marketing and supply. In order to achieve this, it is important to continuously work on education and training of employees. In addition, it is necessary to apply the tools characteristic for providing quality design, but also the common tools important for quality management. Accordingly, the subject of the paper is examining the impact of employee training, the implementation of quality management tools and application tools for quality design as a factor in establishing links between business functions that should be included in the design process. Based on the application of tools such as regression analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis, the results of empirical research suggest that these factors affect the establishment of links between the observed business functions, and facilitate providing the quality of the design process.
A continuous flow process for the green and sustainable production of N-alkyl imidazoles
Authors: Fekete Melinda , Kocsis Lászlo , Dormán György , Jones Richard V. , Darvas Ferenc
Published: April 2016

N-alkyl imidazoles are the basic components of the widely used and studied imidazolium ionic liquids. The need for these materials multiplied since the field of ionic liquids has been gaining more and more importance. Our aim was to develop a continuous flow method for the N-alkylation of imidazole that provides the alkylated derivatives with high productivity and selectivity, using only cheap, preferably green starting materials. Herein, we report a novel method for the preparation of N-alkyl imidazoles over a zeolite catalyst using high temperature and pressure in a heterogeneous catalytic flow reactor. The yield and selectivity exceeded 95% for n-chain alcohols while the residence time was kept at 13 min, thus, the productivities were between 9 g/h and 14 g/h. The only side product in the reaction is water, thus, the process expresses high atom economy.
Characteristics of Dynamics Sorption Isotherms of Date Flesh Powder Rich in Fiber
Authors: Fikry Mohammad , Al-Awaadh Alhussein M.
Published: April 2016

Dynamic vapor sorption equipment (AQUADVS) was used to determine adsorption and desorption isotherms for powder rich in fiber (PRF) produced from Palm Date flesh of Sifri cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L.) at temperatures 25, 35 and 45 °C in a wide range of water activity (0.09–0.87). Equilibrium was achieved within 29 and 25 h for the adsorption and desorption process respectively. The obtained data were fitted to ten models (Peleg, GAB, BET, Halsey, Oswin, Smith, Modified Henderson, Adam and Shove, Modified Oswin and Modified Halsey). The results indicated that the PRF followed type III behavior. The empirical Peleg model was found to be the best to represent the experimental data in the water activity range 0.09–0.87. The isosteric heat of sorption and the differential entropy decreased by increasing the moisture content and can be predicted by polynomial functions. Glass transition temperatures (T
g) of PRF were determined. The T
g decreased as the moisture content increased and can be correlated using the Gordon and Taylor model (R
2=0.976). The PRF should be stored at moisture less than 9 d.b.% and temperature less than 35 °C.
Poetic Anthology of Ibāḍī Theology. Historical Readings of Ibn al-Naẓar’s al-Daʿāʾim and its Commentaries
Authors: al-Salimi Abdulrahman
Published: April 2016

This study focuses on the significance of the
Regulierte Netzzugangsentgelte in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt
Authors: Bier Christoph , Schmidtchen Dieter
Published: April 2016

Companies active in electricity generation or supply that also own transmission or distribution network assets are generally presumed to have an economic interest in using its monopoly position as network owner to prevent or hinder competition in other areas of the value chain. This can happen in many ways such as raising rivals’ costs, price squeezes or by providing essential information only to affiliated companies. All of these practices distort a level playing field. In order to limit the risk of such behavior from occurring Member States of the European Union introduced a “regulated third party access” regime under which third parties have a right to access the network in a non-discriminatory manner. It is the purpose of the paper to derive the welfare implications of a regulation of access charges for electricity grids taking the costs of transmission as a benchmark. It shows that a cost-based regulation is second-best optimal only if the gap between the incumbent’s and the downstream entrant’s efficiency is sufficiently large. In all other cases an access charge deviating from the transmission costs is second-best optimal. There is no simple and generally applicable rule for the determination of second-best optimal access charges.
Wechselkursrisiko und Risikopolitik in internationalen Unternehmen
Authors: Broll Udo , Wahl Jack E.
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to analyze the importance of the elasticity of risk aversion with regard to an increase in exchange rate risk for exports and hedging in an international firm. Mean-variance preferences allow for an immediate study of the entailed substitution and income effect. These effects may cancel out, that is to say, the optimal hedge ratio remains unchanged although the exchange rate risk increases. The elasticity of risk aversion provides an unambiguous answer to the question how to measure such risk effect.