bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of primary stenting for subclavian artery disease
Authors: Higashimori Akihiro , Morioka Nobuyuki , Shiotani Shinnji , Fujihara Masahiko , Fukuda Keisuke , Yokoi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2013

Objectives

To evaluate initial and long‐term results of endovascular therapy (EVT) for symptomatic subclavian artery (SCA) disease. Background: EVT for SCA disease has a similar success rate as open surgery, but the long‐term patency of EVT alone is uncertain.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 59 consecutive patients (42 males and 17 females) with 60 lesions. Mean patient age was 68 ± 10 years. Clinical symptoms were vertebrobasilar insufficiency in 21 patients (35.0%), arm claudication in 20 patients (33.3%), angina pectoris in 12 patients (20%), severe arm ischemia in 3 patients (5.0%), vascular access insufficiency in 3 patients (5.0%), and leg ischemia in 1 patient (1.7%). A total of 57 stents were implanted. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure and annually thereafter.

Results

The technical success rate was 93.3%. All patients for whom technical success was obtained received stents. There were four technical failures, all of which were owing to the failure of crossing the wire in occluded lesions. There were no procedure‐related deaths. There were two stroke events (3.4%) and one embolic event (1.7%). Primary patency rates were 94.9, 90.8, and 85.8% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively.

Conclusions

EVT for SCA disease is an effective treatment with regard to initial success rate, clinical efficacy, and long‐term primary patency. This minimally invasive procedure is appropriate as the treatment of first choice for proximal subclavian arterial obstructive disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [(SnSe)1.15]m(TaSe2)n Ferecrystals: Structurally Tunable Metallic Compounds.
Authors: Atkins Ryan , Wilson Jason , Zschack Paul , Grosse Corinna , Neumann Wolfgang , Johnson David C.
Published: March 2013

The title ferecrystals (fere: Latin, almost) with 1 ≤ n,m ≤ 6 and n and m varied independently are prepared by physical vapor deposition of the elements followed by annealing at 400 °C for 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of FePb4Sb6Se14 and Its Structural Relationship with FePb3Sb4Se10.
Authors: Poudeu Pierre F. P. , Djieutedjeu Honore , Sahoo Pranati
Published: March 2013

Single crystals of FePb4Sb6Se14 are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (silica tube, 873 K, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Hierarchy of the V—O Bonds by Advanced Solid State NMR: Novel Pb4(VO2)(PO4)3 Structure as a Textbook Case.
Authors: Tricot Gregory , Mentre Olivier , Cristol Sylvain , Delevoye Laurent
Published: March 2013

The new title compound is prepared by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbO, V2O5, and (NH4)2HPO4 (alumina crucible, 700 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of Stoichiometric Compounds in the (SnTe)x(Bi2Te3)y System.
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Kleinke Holger
Published: March 2013

Various compounds of the title system are investigated by a number of techniques including diffractometry, thermal property measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Relaxor‐Like Dielectric Behavior in Stoichiometric Sillenite Bi12SiO20.
Authors: Hu Yu , Sinclair Derek C.
Published: March 2013

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Bi2O3 and SiO2 (gold foil boat, 840 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Bimetallic Pd3Ag Nanoalloys from Bulk Pd3Ag Alloy.
Authors: Xu Tao , et al. et al.
Published: March 2013

Pd3Ag nanoparticles are prepared by dispersion of bulk Pd3Ag in liquid Li (Ni crucible, 250 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Three Organically Templated Magnesium Sulfates: Chemical Preparation, Hydrogen‐Bonded Structures and Thermal Behavior.
Authors: Rekik Walid , Naili Houcine , Mhiri Tahar , Bataille Thierry
Published: March 2013

The crystal structures of the new compounds (II), (III), and (IV) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Polyselenide Anions Sandwiched Between Cationic Extended Metal Hydroxides: Synthesis and Structures of [Sr2Sn(OH)6(H2O)6]Se4 and [Sr2Sn(OH)6(H2O)5] Se3·H2O.
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Wang Haiyin H. , Makarenko Boris , Jacobson Allan J.
Published: March 2013

The new compound [Sr2Sn(OH)6(H2O)6]Se4 (I) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sn, Se, Sr(OH)2, and LiOH·H2O in water (autoclave, 220 °C, 2 d; 40% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Multinary Selenides with Unusual Coordination Environment of Bismuth.
Authors: Chung Ming‐Yan , Lee Chi‐Shen
Published: March 2013

The new compounds Sr8.007Ge2.043Bi7.949Se24 (I), Sr8YGe2Bi7Se24 (II), Sr3Sn0.96Bi2.04Se8 (III), Ba3SnSb2Se8 (IV), and Ba3.00Sn0.87Bi2.13Se8 (V) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (1023 K, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Sr2Mn2O4Se: A New Oxychalcogenide with Antiferromagnetic Chains.
Authors: Free David G. , Herkelrath Sebastian J. C. , Clarke Simon J.
Published: March 2013

The title compound is synthesized from mixtures of SrO, Mn, MnO2, Se, and KCl as a flux (alumina crucible, 800 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)AgMoS4: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity.
Authors: Shafaei‐Fallah Maryam , Malliakas Christos D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: March 2013

The title compound is precipitated from an aqueous solution of (NH4)2MoS4 and AgNO3 (room temperature, 1 h, 70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Efficient Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation: Continuous Flow with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsu , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: March 2013

A polymer‐supported Pybox catalyst is successfully used in the continuous flow system and works well for 8.5 days without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Syn‐Selective Kobayashi Aldol Reaction Using the E,E‐Vinylketene Silyl N,O‐Acetal.
Authors: Mukaeda Yuki , Kato Takuya , Hosokawa Seijiro
Published: March 2013

In the presence of excess of TiCl4, the acetal (I) undergoes syn‐selective aldol reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of SO3H Silica Gel to Deprotection of Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Fujii Hideaki , Yamada Takaaki , Hayashida Kohei , Kuwada Miki , Hamasaki Atom , Nobuhara Kazunori , Ozeki Sumio , Nagase Hiroshi
Published: March 2013

O—Si bonds in various alkyl and aryl silyl ethers are efficiently cleaved by a new SO3H silica gel on which alkylsulfonic acid group are immobilized.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Allylation of Trifluoroethyl Sulfones and Approach to Difluoromethyl Compounds.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Fukushi Kazunobu , Furukawa Tatsuya , Suzuki Satoru , Tokunaga Etsuko , Cahard Dominique
Published: March 2013

Pd‐catalyzed coupling of trifluoroethyl sulfones with allyl carbonates allows an efficient access to fluorinated homoallyl sulfones like (III), (V), (VI), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated β‐Nitro Amines by a Selective ZrCl4‐Catalyzed Aza‐Henry Reaction of (E)‐Trifluoromethyl Aldimines.
Authors: Fioravanti Stefania , Pellacani Lucio , Vergari Maria Cecilia
Published: March 2013

The stereochemical outcome seems to be unaffected by the CF3 group as well as of the alkyl chain of the nitro compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Diamine as Ligand in Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Yu Chenguang , Zhou Aihua , He Jing
Published: March 2013

TMEDA is found to be an efficient ligand in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Aryloxycarboxylic Esters via Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Aryloxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Stewart Gavin W. , Shevlin Michael , Yamagata Adam D. Gammack , Gibson Andrew W. , Keen Stephen P. , Scott Jeremy P.
Published: March 2013

Walphos W008‐1 promotes the hydrogenation of unsaturated esters of type (E)‐(III) and their (Z)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Assembly of Iminodicarboxamides by a “Truly” Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Khoury Kareem , Sinha Mantosh K. , Nagashima Tadamichi , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Doemling Alexander
Published: March 2013

Under optimized conditions, the method provides iminodicarboxamides in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Alkynes with Cyclic Enones: A Route to Bicyclic Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Wei Chu‐Hung , Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: March 2013

The bridged alcohol systems are synthesized by reductive [3 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclic enones with alkynes in the presence of Co salts.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generated Iron Oxide Nanocrystals as Efficient and Selective Catalysts for the Reduction of Nitroarenes Using a Continuous Flow Method.
Authors: Cantillo David , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: March 2013

The safe and scalable process allows the selective reduction of various functionalized nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free C—H Hydroarylation of Coumarin‐Derived ortho‐Quinone Methide (o‐QM) with Electron‐Rich Arenes in Glycerol.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Kumar Mukesh , Gupta Maneesh Kumar , Gupta Lalit Prakash
Published: March 2013

The methide obtained from the carbonyl‐containing substrates with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes is further treated with tertiary aromatic amines to produce the different types of products shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Cyclohexanone Imines to Arylamines.
Authors: Hajra Alakananda , Wei Ye , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: March 2013

Using this method a wide range of arylamines are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Oxoarylations of Ynamides with Nitrones.
Authors: Bhunia Sabyasachi , Chang Chin‐Jung , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: March 2013

Reaction of nitrones (I) with the ynamides (II), (IVa), and (IVc) provides a new approach to amides of type (III)/ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Retropinacol/Cross‐Pinacol Coupling Reactions — A Catalytic Access to 1,2‐Unsymmetrical Diols.
Authors: Scheffler Ulf , Stoesser Reinhard , Mahrwald Rainer
Published: March 2013

The reaction yields unsymmetrical cross‐pinacol products (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Knoevenagel Condensations of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Heterogeneous PS‐AlCl3 Without Solvents.
Authors: Zhang Yi , Dou Qianqian , Dai Liyan , Wang Xiaozhong , Chen Yingqi
Published: March 2013

The catalyst is applicable to a wide range of aldehydes and can be reused several times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of N‐Substituted o‐Trifluoroacetylanilines.
Authors: Shidlovskii Alexander F. , Golubev Alexander S. , Gusev Dmitrii V. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Chkanikov Nikolai D.
Published: March 2013

A convenient access to N‐alkyl‐ (III) and N‐aryl (V) o‐trifluoroacetylanilines via reaction of corresponding N‐substituted isatoic anhydrides with Ruppert—Prakash reagent (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct, Redox‐Neutral Prenylation and Geranylation of Secondary Carbinol C—H Bonds: C4‐Regioselectivity in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Couplings of Dienes to α‐Hydroxy Esters.
Authors: Leung Joyce C. , Geary Laina M. , Chen Te‐Yu , Zbieg Jason R. , Krische Michael J.
Published: March 2013

This allows for the direct conversion of secondary to tertiary alcohols and provides the first examples for C4‐regioselectivity in catalytic C—C coupling reactions of carbonyl derivatives with 2‐substituted dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nonmetal Approach to α‐Heterofunctionalized Carbonyl Derivatives by Formal Reductive X—H Insertion.
Authors: Miller Eric J. , Zhao Wei , Herr Jonathan D. , Radosevich Alexander T.
Published: March 2013

The reductive coupling of α‐keto esters with protic oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles, mediated by P(NMe2)3, allows the synthesis of α‐heterofunctionalized esters including an asymmetric version [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Aryl Nitrile Construction via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Benzylation of α‐Cyano Aliphatic Carboxylate Salts.
Authors: Shang Rui , Huang Zheng , Xiao Xiao , Lu Xi , Fu Yao , Liu Lei
Published: March 2013

The first example of intermolecular decarboxylative benzylation of activated aliphatic carboxylate salts is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reactions of Acrylonitrile Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes Having C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline) Ligands.
Authors: Hyodo Kengo , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2013

Various α‐methylene‐β‐aminonitriles of type (III) can be readily obtained with high levels of enantioselectivity in the presence of complex (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Magnetite/s‐Graphene and Their Catalytic Application in Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Wang Yuping , Han Min , Zhou Yaoming , Jiang Xiaoqing , Sun Peipei
Published: March 2013

A series of biphenyls is readily available within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Dibenzofulvenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Nagao Ikuhiro , Kiyomoto Shin‐ichi , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: March 2013

Two new synthetic methods for the synthesis of dibenzofulvenes are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation and Tandem Epoxidation/Passerini Reaction under Eco‐Friendly Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Deobald Anna Maria , Correa Arlene G. , Rivera Daniel G. , Paixao Marcio Weber
Published: March 2013

Diarylprolinol silyl ethers are used as organocatalysts in asymmetric epoxidation reactions of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes affording optically active epoxides (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2‐Activation for γ‐Butyrolactones and Its Application in the Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Heteroplexisolide E.
Authors: Li Suhua , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2013

An efficient Ni(0)‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydrocarboxylation of homopropargylic alcohols is used for the preparation of a variety of γ‐butyrolactones, including the natural compound (.+‐.)‐heteroplexisolide E (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Aerobic Photooxidative Oxylactonization of Oxocarboxylic Acids in Fluorous Solvents.
Authors: Tada Norihiro , Cui Lei , Ishigami Takafumi , Ban Kazunori , Miura Tsuyoshi , Uno Bunji , Itoh Akichika
Published: March 2013

The photooxidative oxylactonization of 4‐acylbutyric acids proceeds readily in perfluorohexane in the presence of TFAA as a promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin Tetrachloride‐Catalyzed Regiospecific Allylic Substitution of Quinone Monoketals: An Easy Entry to Benzofurans and Coumestans.
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Liu Jingxin , Wang Mang , Liu Jun , Liu Qun
Published: March 2013

This reaction is a formal [3+2] cycloaddition under mild conditions yielding substituted benzofurans (III) and coumestans (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations of Heterocycles with Unreactive and Hindered Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Ghosh Debalina , Lee Hon Man
Published: March 2013

A wide range of heteroaromatic biaryls, required in organic and drug synthesis, can be prepared and the coupling proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Enals to Isatin‐Derived Ketimines Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Synthesis of Spirocyclic γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Lv Hui , Tiwari Bhoopendra , Mo Junming , Xing Chong , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: March 2013

The triazolium salt NHC efficiently promotes the process to afford the spirocyclic heterocyclic scaffolds with moderate to good diastereoselectivity and generally high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to Substituted Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles via Heterogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer with Primary Amines.
Authors: Pizzetti Marianna , De Luca Elisa , Petricci Elena , Porcheddu Andrea , Taddei Maurizio
Published: March 2013

The reaction of o‐phenylenediamine or N‐monoalkylphenylenediamines with a variety of primary amines leads to formation of 2‐substituted or 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Temperature‐Induced Morphological Control in a Hybrid Porous Iron—Phosphonate Nanomaterial and Its Excellent Catalytic Activity in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Mondal John , Patra Astam K. , Bhaumik Asim
Published: March 2013

The catalyst can be recycled and reused in four cycles without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐(Buta‐2,3‐dienyl) Amides from Terminal N‐Propargyl Amides and Their Synthetic Potential Towards Oxazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Nan , Fan Wu , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2013

A series of N‐allenyl amides (III) prepared from N‐propargyl amides (I) are efficiently transformed into the target oxazole derivatives by palladium‐catalyzed coupling—cyclization reaction with organic iodides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemotherapy of Leishmaniasis. Part 11. Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel Isoxazole Containing Heteroretinoid and Its Amide Derivatives.
Authors: Suryawanshi S. N. , Tiwari Avinash , Chandra Naveen , Ramesh Ramesh , Gupta Suman
Published: March 2013

Heteroretinoid (Ib) and its amide (Ic‐i) are synthesized and screened for their in vivo antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani in hamsters.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles Starting from Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Jin Guanyi , Zhang Jian , Fu Dan , Wu Jingjing , Cao Song
Published: March 2013

This method uses mild reaction conditions to give the 1,2,3‐triazoles (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulations of 5‐Acetoxypenta‐2,3‐dienoate with 1C,3O‐Bisnucleophiles. Facile Entry to Stable Monocyclic 2H‐Pyrans.
Authors: Hu Jian , Dong Wei , Wu Xin‐Yan , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: March 2013

The procedure allows a convenient access to various 2H‐pyran structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumarins via Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclocarbonylation of 2‐Vinylphenols.
Authors: Ferguson Jamie , Zeng Fanlong , Alper Howard
Published: March 2013

The method provides a new, direct, and simple method to prepare various coumarins and related compounds like (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Zn[(L)Proline]2: An Eligible Candidate for the Synthesis of Xanthenediones in Water.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Jain Arti
Published: March 2013

Lower yields are observed when aliphatic aldehydes are applied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Four Component Protocol for the Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Jose Anu , Lakshmi K. C. Seetha , Rajan Rejithamol , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: March 2013

Biologically important dihydropyridine derivatives (V) are obtained by the present new method under mild conditions in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Assisted Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Cyclic Enaminones with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Kim Yong Wook , Niphakis Micah J. , Georg Gunda I.
Published: March 2013

The title reaction allows an efficient access to a number of arylated target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution of the Nitro Group with Grignard Reagents: Facile Arylation and Alkenylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Song , Duan Xin‐Fang
Published: March 2013

Reaction of 2‐nitropyridine N‐oxides with aryl‐ and alkenylmagnesium halides provides a new, simple, and efficient method to prepare o‐arylated and o‐alkenylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of 1‐Position Arylated 1,3‐Disubstituted Isoquinoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Wang Dan , Sang Xiaoyan , Lin Yuqing , Peng Yiyuan
Published: March 2013

The transformation involves an in situ generation of isoquinoline N‐oxides which is followed by a Pd‐mediated direct arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of ortho C—H Bonds in Arylacetamides: C—H Bond Activation Utilizing a Bidentate‐Chelation System.
Authors: Shibata Kaname , Hasegawa Nao , Fukumoto Yoshiyu , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2013

The presence of a 2‐pyridylmethylamine moiety (Pym) as a bidentate directing group is essential for successful carbonylation of the substrates to produce isoquinoline diones and related heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids‐Assisted Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines by the Bishler—Napieralski Reaction.
Authors: Epishina Margarita A. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Struchkova Marina I. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Makhova Nina N.
Published: March 2013

The Bishler—Napieralski cyclodehydration of N‐acyl‐2‐arylethylamines using POCl3 as dehydration reagent gives the corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines in ionic liquids in higher yield and under milder conditions compared to conventional organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Fluorescent Compounds from Benzimidazole.
Authors: Pordel Mehdi
Published: March 2013

Following an SNAr mechanism, 5‐nitrobenzimidazoles react with nitrile (II) under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component, One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of Tetracyclic Pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[5,1‐a]isoquinolinium Compounds as Potent Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Zhou Huayong , Wang Wei , Khorev Oleg , Zhang Yongliang , Miao Zehong , Meng Tao , Shen Jingkang
Published: March 2013

Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit relatively strong cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Bienayme and Copper Catalyzed N‐Arylation Sequence to Access Diverse 5H‐Pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐b]indoles and Analogues.
Authors: El Akkaoui Ahmed , Hiebel Marie‐Aude , Mouaddib Abderrahim , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: March 2013

This is a two‐step sequence of a multicomponent reaction followed by an N‐arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise and Efficient One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Luo Yue , Jin Yibao , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: March 2013

The simple strategy allows an easy access to the biologically important heterocyclic scaffold and CuI can be used as catalyst in the absence of any additional ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand‐Type Cycloaddition Reaction of Ene‐vinylidenecyclopropanes with Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Authors: Yuan Wei , Dong Xiang , Shi Min , McDowell Patrick , Li Guigen
Published: March 2013

The method allows an easy and efficient access to tricyclic ring systems which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Synthetic Strategy Leading to Two‐Carbon‐Tethered Fused Acridine/Indole Pairs and Fused Acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Xue , Li Meng‐Yuan , Wu Qiong , Ye Qin , Xu Hai‐Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: March 2013

More than thirty title compounds of type (III) are easily synthesized by reaction of indolinediones (I) or (IV) with enaminones (II) under microwave irradiation within 30 minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Switching of Multicomponent Heterocyclizations of 5‐Amino‐N‐arylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides, 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones, and Aldehydes.
Authors: Chebanov Valentin A. , Saraev Vyacheslav E. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Desenko Sergey M.
Published: March 2013

These reactions give the tricyclic compounds (IV) and (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Controlled C—C and C—N Bond Formation of Heteroaromatics Through C(sp3)—H Activation.
Authors: Xia Ran , Niu Hong‐Ying , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: March 2013

tBu‐O‐O‐tBu‐mediated treatment of purines with alkanes provides a new and highly regioselective approach to C‐8 alkylated purines.
ChemInform Abstract: Zizimauritic Acids A—C, Three Novel Nortriterpenes from Ziziphus mauritiana.
Authors: Ji Chang‐Jiu , Zeng Guang‐Zhi , Han Jing , He Wen‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Mei , Tan Ning‐Hua
Published: March 2013

Three novel nortriterpenes (I)—(III) with a unique A‐nor‐E‐seco spiro‐lactone ceanothane‐type triterpene skeleton are isolated from the roots of Ziziphus mauritiana together with three known triterpenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Assisted Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation of N‐Alkenylsulfonamides under Heavy Metal Free Conditions.
Authors: Moriyama Katsuhiko , Izumisawa Yuta , Togo Hideo
Published: March 2013

The reaction allows a simple and environmentally friendly access to prolinol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: New Disaccharide Blocks for OSW‐1 and Its Analogues.
Authors: Khasanova L. S. , Gimalova F. A. , Valiullina Z. R. , Selezneva N. K. , Ganieva R. M. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: March 2013

Disaccharide (I) as building block for synthesis of title antitumor cholestane glycoside and analogues such as (II) are synthesized with a view to use them in the preparation of OSW‐1 analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation through C—H Activation: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Antofine, (.+‐.)‐Septicine, (.+‐.)‐Tylophorine, and Rosettacin.
Authors: Xu Xianxiu , Liu Yu , Park Cheol‐Min
Published: March 2013

The mild, efficient, and practical intramolecular rhodium‐catalyzed C—H/N—H bond functionalization reaction provides isoquinolones with a reverse regioselectivity compared to the reported intermolecular version.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of Novel Tetracyclic Nucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase.
Authors: Di Francesco M. Emilia , Avolio Salvatore , Dessole Gabriella , Koch Uwe , Pompei Marco , Pucci Vincenzo , Rowley Michael , Summa Vincenzo
Published: March 2013

A series of 2′‐C‐methyl‐ribose nucleoside derivatives bearing a 7‐aryl and 7‐hetaryl substituted 7‐deaza‐adenine nucleobase is discovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Iridoid Compounds from Swertia cincta Burkill
Authors: Yang Jin , Huang Feiyan , Zhou Yongfu , Liu Wei , Yi Ping , Li Ganpeng
Published: March 2013

isolation and structure elucidation of three new iridoid compounds, swercinctolides A (Ia), B (Ib), and C (II) showing TMV inhibitory activity
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Aspects of the Water‐Splitting Thermochemical Cycle Based on Sodium Manganese Ferrite
Authors: Varsano F. , Padella F. , Alvani C. , Bellusci M. , La Barbera A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Oxides in Catalysis
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Manorama Sunkara V. , Basak Pratyay , Chintareddy Venkat Reddy , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: March 2013

Review: 262 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclic and Polymeric Carbonates from Epoxides and CO2
Authors: Pescarmona Paolo P. , Taherimehr Masoumeh
Published: March 2013

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Chemical Synthesis of Polypeptides and Proteins: Chemistry of Ligation Techniques and Beyond.
Authors: Hemantha Hosahalli P. , Narendra Narasimhamurthy , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: March 2013

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Functionalization of 5‐Substituted Tetrazoles
Authors: Roh Jaroslav , Vavrova Katerina , Hrabalek Alexandr
Published: March 2013

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bilin Chromophores Toward the Investigation of Structure and Function of Phytochromes
Authors: Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: March 2013

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling the Shapes and Assemblages of Graphene
Authors: Terrones Mauricio
Published: March 2013

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Cyclonucleosides: C—Cyclonucleosides and Spore Photoproducts in Damaged DNA
Authors: Yoshimura Yuichi , Takahata Hiroki
Published: March 2013

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lactulose: Properties and Preparation
Authors: Ashtiani Farzin Zokaee , Zenooz Alireza Moosavi
Published: March 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Anon. Anon.
Published: March 2013

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylmethyl Ethers for the Protection of Polyols
Authors: Petursson Sigthor
Published: March 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Organometallic Lewis Acids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Qiu Renhua , Chen Yi , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Xu Xinhua , Au Chak‐Tong
Published: March 2013

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding and Structure of Disilenes and Related Unsaturated Group‐14 Element Compounds
Authors: Kira Mitsuo
Published: March 2013

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolones: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Lucia Pintilie
Published: March 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminium Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation
Authors: Bulman Page Philip C. , Day David P.
Published: March 2013

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Blaser Hans‐Ulrich , Pugin Benoit , Spindler Felix
Published: March 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalysed Coupling Reactions
Authors: de Vries Johannes G.
Published: March 2013

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed S—H and Se—H Bonds Addition to Unsaturated Molecules
Authors: Ogawa Akiya
Published: March 2013

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Mor‐DalPhos Ancillary Ligand in Challenging Pd‐Catalysed Monoarylation Reactions
Authors: Stradiotto Mark
Published: March 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Findlater Michael , Choi Jongwook , Goldman Alan S. , Brookhart Maurice
Published: March 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Characterization of the Saccharidic Moiety in Composite Nanoparticles
Authors: Morasso Carlo , Verderio Paolo , Colombo Miriam , Prosperi Davide
Published: March 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biofuel Production from Renewable Resources with Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Villano Marianna , Aulenta Federico , Majone Mauro
Published: March 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy Production and Storage
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Li Can , Graetzel Michael , Kostecki Robert , Mao Samuel S.
Published: March 2013

Review: 332 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect‐Related Luminescent Materials: Synthesis, Emission Properties and Applications
Authors: Zhang Cuimiao , Lin Jun
Published: March 2013

Review: 269 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrin‐Based Chemical Sensors
Authors: Paolesse Roberto , Monti Donato , Nardis Sara , Di Natale Corrado
Published: March 2013

Review: 342 refs.
Establishing a novel knock‐in mouse line for studying neuronal cytoplasmic dynein under normal and pathologic conditions
Authors: Zhang Jun , Twelvetrees Alison E. , Lazarus Jacob E. , Blasier Kiev R. , Yao Xuanli , Inamdar Nirja A. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Pfister K.Kevin , Xiang Xin
Published: March 2013

Cytoplasmic dynein plays important roles in mitosis and the intracellular transport of organelles, proteins, and mRNAs. Dynein function is particularly critical for survival of neurons, as mutations in dynein are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Dynein function is also implicated in neuronal regeneration, driving the active transport of signaling molecules following injury of peripheral neurons. To enhance our understanding of dynein function and regulation in neurons, we established a novel knock‐in mouse line in which the neuron‐specific cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1 (IC‐1) is tagged with both GFP and a 3xFLAG tag at its C‐terminus. The fusion gene is under the control of IC‐1's endogenous promoter and is integrated at the endogenous locus of the IC‐1‐encoding gene Dync1i1. The IC‐1‐GFP‐3xFLAG fusion protein is incorporated into the endogenous dynein complex, and movements of GFP‐labeled dynein expressed at endogenous levels can be observed in cultured neurons for the first time. The knock‐in mouse line also allows isolation and analysis of dynein‐bound proteins specifically from neurons. Using this mouse line we have found proteins, including 14‐3‐3 zeta, which physically interact with dynein upon injury of the brain cortex. Thus, we have created a useful tool for studying dynein function in the central nervous system under normal and pathologic conditions. Published 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.†
Monoclonal B lymphocytosis versus chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Factors affecting implementation of an absolute threshold
Authors: Rollins‐Raval Marian A. , Fisher Jason , Craig Fiona E.
Published: March 2013

Background:

Laboratories utilize diverse methods to determine the absolute count used to distinguish chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from monoclonal B lymphocytosis, with many using dual platform (DP) methods (flow cytometric percent of CLL‐like B cells × hematology analyzer white blood cell count). However, flow cytometric tube‐to‐tube variation may make interpretation difficult, particularly when the CLL‐like B‐cell count straddles the recommended threshold. This study investigates the extent, and potential sources, of this variability.

Methods:

Flow cytometric enumeration was performed on 20 samples with CLL‐like B cells and 10 control specimens using single platform (SP) and two DP tubes A: kappa, lambda, CD5, CD10, CD19, CD38, CD45, CD20 and B: FMC‐7, CD23, CD19, CD5, with and without racking to remove doublets. In addition, reproducibility studies were performed.

Results:

Three specimens showed discordant CLL‐like B‐cell counts relative to the threshold of 5 × 109/L. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a systematic bias with DP Tube B > A (5.9%) and SP > DP Tube A (9.5%). The doublet percent varied between specimens, but did not account for the bias between DP tubes. Variation was also seen in enumeration of other cell types, suggesting multiple potential sources of inconsistency.

Conclusions:

Significant tube‐to‐tube variation may be seen in CLL‐like B‐cell counts. The precise cause of these differences is uncertain, but is likely multifactorial. If the clinical utility of an absolute threshold for the diagnosis of CLL can be confirmed, it will be important to establish recommendations for standardization, similar to those employed for CD4 and CD34 enumeration. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Significant changes in the composition of the precursor B‐cell compartment in children less than 2 years old
Authors: Piątosa Barbara , Birbach Mariusz , Siewiera Katarzyna , Ussowicz Marek , Kałwak Krzysztof , Drabko Katarzyna , Rękawek Aneta , Tkaczyk Katarzyna , Kurowski Przemysław Norbert
Published: March 2013

Background: Defects in early B lymphocyte maturation in bone marrow (BM) compose a characteristic feature of many primary immune deficiencies associated with agammaglobulinemia. To date, only limited data on the composition of the precursor B‐cell compartment in BM is available. The aim of this study was to define normal age‐related ranges of total B‐cell content and distribution of precursor B—cell stages in BM for the future use in clinical diagnostics.

Methods: Four color flow cytometry was used to analyze the composition of the B‐cell compartment in specimens from 59 hematologically healthy children, aged 14 days to 16 years, assigned to six age groups: neonates less than 1 month old, infants >1–12 months old, children >1–2 years old, >2–5 years old, >5–10 years old, and older than 10 years.

Results: Analysis of the composition of the B‐cell compartment revealed significant age‐related variation in the distribution of individual B‐cell maturation stages, most seriously affecting children during first 2 years of life, with the shift from domination of the earliest stages, to gradually increasing content of mature B‐cells. Significantly higher proportions of pro‐B lymphocytes were observed in neonates than in any other age group.

Conclusion: Physiological age‐related variation in the precursor B‐cell compartment composition affects most seriously very young children below the age of 2 years. Proper interpretation of immunophenotyping results performed in cases of suspected early B‐cell differentiation defect requires application of adequate reference data. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia with two immunophenotypically distinct blast populations: Report of an unusual case
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , George Seena , Tewari Apoorvi , Mehta Anurag
Published: March 2013

Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare disorder with an incidence of less than 2% of all acute leukemia using the recent 2008 WHO criteria. Common subtypes encountered are the B/myeloid and T/myeloid; B/T or trilineage MPAL being an exception. We discuss here a case of 20‐year‐male patient who presented with pallor and generalised lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood smear examination showed presence of 61% blasts of lymphoid morphology. Immunophenotyping by multicolor flow cytometry showed two distinct populations of blasts with T and B phenotype respectively. He was diagnosed as MPAL with two distinct blast lineages. Conventional karyotyping done on bone marrow sample showed t(9;22)(q34;q11)(Ph +). Induction was started using ALL based protocol. The patient is on follow up with post induction marrow being in morphological remission. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Counterion Affects Interaction with Interfaces: The Antidiabetic Drugs Metformin and Decavanadate
Authors: Chatkon Aungkana , Chatterjee Pabitra B. , Sedgwick Myles A. , Haller Kenneth J. , Crans Debbie C.
Published: March 2013

A material that contains metformium cation and decavanadate anion was synthesized and characterized. The material is not soluble in water but slightly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and very soluble in the inhomogeneous environment of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles, which deviates significantly from the properties of sodium decavanadate. By considering the fact that decavanadate is reported to have insulin‐enhancing activity in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats (Pereira et al., J. Inorg. Biochem. 2009, 103, 1687–1692), how this oxometalate interacts with interfaces was investigated using NMR and IR spectroscopy. By using 51V NMR spectroscopy, we found only small differences between the metformium and Na+ decavanadate materials. However, by using IR spectroscopy, the decavanadate–metformin material was found to affect the water pool and water organization near the interface of the reverse micelles differently. The solubility differences and these spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the counterion to the decavanadate anion significantly affects the properties of decavanadate, even in the presence of a large excess amount of Na+ (counterions to AOT), and the implications of this work on cellular uptake is discussed.
Inorganic Chemistry in a Nanoreactor: Doped ZnO Nanostructures by Miniemulsion
Authors: Dolcet Paolo , Latini Francesca , Casarin Maurizio , Speghini Adolfo , Tondello Eugenio , Foss Cristina , Diodati Stefano , Verin Lucia , Motta Antonella , Gross Silvia
Published: March 2013

Doped M:ZnO nanoparticles (Zn/M = 50:1 or 20:1; M = AgI, CoII, CuII, EuIII, MgII, MnII) have been produced by an easy, reproducible, and fast inverse miniemulsion approach, enabling the co‐precipitation of the nanocrystalline oxide in a confined space. Unexpectedly, the formation of crystalline materials took place at room temperature. Suspensions were characterized by dynamic light scattering and UV/Vis spectroscopy, whereas precipitated powders were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The particles obtained showed preferential growth along the [0002] direction with a size of 70 nm, whereas along the other directions average sizes of between 26 and 33 nm were determined. The analyses confirmed successful doping in all cases but one: In fact, the Ag‐doped sample is a nanocomposite consisting of metallic silver clusters dispersed in the ZnO matrix. Red emission from the ZnO:Eu sample was evidenced upon excitation at around 465 nm.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Analogues of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines
Authors: Khangarot Rama K. , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: March 2013

Incorporation of fluorine atoms into organic molecules significantly enhances many of their properties, such as solubility, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. Among organofluorine molecules, trifluoromethylated compounds play a unique and important role in agricultural and medicinal chemistry. An efficient strategy for the synthesis of a variety of trifluoromethylated polyhydroxypyrrolidines is described. This strategy involves a diastereoselective nucleophilic addition reaciton of trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane to sugar‐derived cyclic nitrones followed by reductive N–O bond cleavage and removal of benzyl groups.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Post‐Ugi Hydroarylation: An Approach to Pyrrolopyridines and Azepinoindoles
Authors: Kumar Amit , Vachhani Dipak D. , Modha Sachin G. , Sharma Sunil K. , Parmar Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: March 2013

A diversity‐oriented approach comprising a Ugi four‐component reaction and gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroarylation under very mild reaction conditions has been elaborated. This gives direct access to the synthesis of biologically important heterocycles such as pyrrolopyridines, pyridoindoles, and azepinoindoles in very good yields. The influence of the nucleophilicity of the heterocycle and the mode of ring closure are discussed.
Association between skin flap thickness and Frey's syndrome in parotid surgery
Authors: Durgut Osman , Basut Oguz , Demir Uygar Levent , Özmen Ömer A. , Kasapoglu Fikret , Coskun Hakan
Published: March 2013

Background

Frey's Syndrome is a frequent complication of parotid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between skin flap thickness and Frey's Syndrome in patients who underwent superficial parotidectomy.

Methods

Thirty adult patients were randomized into 2 groups: subcutaneous and subsuperficial musculoaponeurotic (sub‐SMAS) skin elevation. In both groups skin flap thickness was measured by a micrometer at defined points. The patients were queried for subjective Frey's Syndrome and Minor's test was performed for objective Frey's Syndrome.

Results

The thickness of skin flap in the subcutaneous group was significantly less than that in the sub‐SMAS group. There was no statistical significance between skin flap thickness and objective Frey's Syndrome, although the dimension of the colored area in the subcutaneous group was larger compared with that of the sub‐SMAS group: 7.5 cm2 (0–48 cm2) and 0.5 cm2 (0–18 cm2), respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, sub‐SMAS elevation of the skin flap in parotid surgery provides better results regarding Frey's Syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1781–1786, 2013
Psychiatric outpatients' self‐reported adherence versus psychiatrists' impressions on adherence in affective disorders
Authors: De las Cuevas Carlos , Peñate Wenceslao , Sanz Emilio J.
Published: March 2013

Objective

The objective of this study is to explore correlation between patients' self‐reported adherence to medication and their treating psychiatrists' impressions on adherence.

Methods

During a 9‐month period, 140 consecutive psychiatric outpatients with affective disorders attending two community mental health centers, and their treating psychiatrists, took part. Data were collected on socio‐demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables. The Clinical Global Impression‐Severity and Improvement scales and the Beck Depression Inventory were used for clinical assessment. Adherence was assessed by the psychiatrist's report and the Morisky scale from patients. In addition, “Drug Attitude Inventory,” “Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire,” and “Leeds Attitude towards concordance scale” were applied to all participants. A multivariate analysis of variance (Bonferroni control) and a subsequent stepwise regression were performed.

Results

The allocation of patients to “adherent” or “non‐adherent” categories by the patients themselves and their treating psychiatrists was divergent in more than 40% of the cases. The best agreement appears when treatment is prolonged. There is a better agreement with patients having a positive view of the medicines. When patients consider the medication harmful, this is when psychiatrists perceive more non‐adherence. The agreement is also better in mild cases of depression.

Conclusions

Adherence was principally compromised by patient‐related factors, especially their beliefs and attitudes toward their treatment and its duration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regime theories in gravel‐bed rivers: models, controlling variables, and applications in disturbed Italian rivers
Authors: Kaless G. , Mao L. , Lenzi M. A.
Published: March 2013

Downstream hydraulic geometry relationships describe the shape of alluvial channels in terms of bankfull width, flow depth, flow velocity, and channel slope. Recent investigations have stressed the difference in spatial scales associated with these variables and thus the time span required for their adjustment after a disturbance. The aim of this study is to explore the consequences in regime models considering the hypothesis that while channel width and depth adjust quickly to changes in water and sediment supply, reach slope requires a longer time span. Three theoretical models were applied. One model incorporates an extremal hypothesis (Millar RG. 2005. Theoretical regime equations for mobile gravel‐bed rivers with stable banks. Geomorphology 64: 207–220), and the other two are fully physically based (Ikeda S, Parker G, Kimura Y. 1988. Stable width and depth of straight gravel rivers with heterogeneous bed materials. Water Resources Research 24: 713–722; Parker G, Wilcock PR, Paola C, Dietrich W, Pitlick J. 2007. Physical basis for quasi universal relations describing bankfull hydraulic geometry of single‐thread gravel‐bed rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research 112, DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000549). In order to evaluate the performance of models introducing the slope as an independent variable, we propose two modifications to previous models.

The performance of regime models was tested against published data from 142 river reaches and new hydraulic geometry data from gravel‐bed rivers in Patagonia (Argentina) and north‐eastern Italy.

Models that assume slope as a control (Ikeda et al., 1988; or Millar, 2005) predict channel depth and width reasonably well. Parker et al.'s (2007) model improved predictions because it filters the scatter in slope data with a relation slope–discharge. The extremal hypothesis model of Millar (2005) predicts comparably to the other physically based models.

Millar's model was chosen to describe the recent changes in the Piave and Brenta rivers due to human intervention – mainly in‐channel gravel mining. The change in sediment supply and recovery was estimated for these rivers. This study supports the interpretation that sediment supply is the key factor guiding morphological changes in these rivers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonnarcotic Antidiarrheal Action of Clonidine and Lofexidine in the Rat
Authors: LAL HARBANS , SHEARMAN GARY T. , URSILLO RICHARD C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Clonidine (0.01 to 0.16 mg/kg) and lofexidine (0.01 to 0.64 mg/kg) produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of diarrhea induced by castor oil treatment in the rat. Both drugs were more potent and longer acting than diphenoxylate. Pre‐ and posttreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg) failed to prevent or antagonize the antidiarrheal effect of clonidine and lofexidine. These data suggest that clonidine and lofexidine may provide potent antidiarrheal activity of a nonnarcotic nature.
Effects of Alcohol and Flunitrazepam on Mood and Performance in Healthy Young Men
Authors: LINNOILA M. , ERWIN C. W. , BRENDLE A. , LOGUE P.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Alcohol and flunitrazepam did not have any pharmacokinetic interactions when ingested 30 minutes apart at night. Flunitrazepam, 2.0 mg, but not 0.8 Gm/kg alcohol had a strong deleterious effect on performance shortly after ingestion. The combination of flunitrazepam and alcohol impaired tracking in a divided attention task the following morning.