bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE NEED FOR CUTTING CARE IN ELM STANDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF REJUVENATION
Authors: ПАНКРАТОВ В.К.
Published: September 2021

Проведение рубок ухода в лесных насаждениях нацелено на улучшение породного состава, товарной структуры древостоев и на более полное использование потенциальной продуктивности насаждений. При разреживании древостоев увеличивается площадь питания оставшейся части древостоя, улучшается снабжение деревьев питательными веществами и ускоряется их рост, меняется распределение деревьев по естественным ступеням толщины. Величина и направленность изменений зависят от различных пара- метров, однако в любом случае при уменьшении количества деревьев в насаждении происходят изменения не только в показателях древостоя, но и в среде формирующихся насаждений. К ним относятся: световой и тепловой режимы, количество поступающих под полог осадков, скорость ветра, испарение с поверхности почвы и др. Эти изменения наступают сразу после прореживания насаждений независимо от способа и интенсивности рубки, которые, в свою очередь, влияют на величину изменений.

Felling of trees in forest stands is aimed at improving the species composition, the commercial structure of the stand, and at making better use of the potential productivity of the stands. When the stands are thinned, the area of nutrition of the remaining part of the plant increases, its supply of nutrients improves and growth accelerates, and the distribution of trees along the natural thickness steps changes. The magnitude and direction of changes depend on various parameters, but in any case, with a decrease in the number of trees in the stand, changes occur not only in the indicators of the stand, but also in the environment of the emerging stands. These include: light and heat modes, the amount of precipitation entering the canopy, wind speed, evaporation from the soil surface, etc. These changes occur immediately after the thinning of the plantings, regardless of the method and intensity of cutting, which, in turn, affect the magnitude of the changes.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE PHENOMENA IN THE UPER TREE LINE ECOTONE IN THE POLAR URALS MOUNTAINS
Authors: Фомин В.В. , Шиятов С.Г.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of long-term studies dedicated to the reaction of woody plants to various extreme factors in the Rai-Iz mountain massif and Chernaya mountain, which are located on the southeastern slope of the Polar Urals in the Sob River basin (Russia). The analysis was performed using a unique archive of landscape photos, which were made by the authors from the beginning of the 1960s until the present. The classifi cation and description of the phenomena that are caused by the infl uence of environmental factors on woody vegetation, as well as their presentation using landscape photos, allow us to expand the possibilities of using ground-based images for the purposes of environmental photo monitoring of woody vegetation at the tree line. They can be used as an independent data source to identify factors that determine a morphological structure and spatial altitude of woody vegetation.
A realist approach to writing: developing a theoretical model of written composition to inform a computer mediated learning application
Authors:   , Pratt Deirdre Denise
Published: September 2021

An in-depth investigation into the nature of composing was carried out to provide the theoretical basis for a computer mediated learning application, an interactive writing tutor computer program which might be customised by users to fit different educational contexts. The investigation was carried out within a critical realist perspective, from which viewpoint composing can be seen to have an external reality in common with other social phenomena. The intended outcome was to arrive at a description of writing which more closely approximated the reality so as to design more effective learning interactions, in particular, the writing tutor program itself.
Journey of awareness : an exploration of identity through design
Authors:   , De Beer Marlene
Published: September 2021

My journey of awareness which is an exploration of my identity through design has resulted in a body of artefacts presenting as sculptures and various pieces of jewellery and a written dissertation. The sculptures include bronze castings as well as stoneware ceramic pieces. I produced silver jewellery and vitreous enamelled pieces which include some gold and glass bead detail. Although my sculptures could be considered as fairly small, working on this scale was a new experience to me as a jewellery designer who is used to working on an even smaller scale. I found it challenging to express the necessary emotion and meaning in my work while creating on such a relatively small scale. The body of artefacts is a concrete manifestation of my exploration of identity and was produced as an intuitive expression of memories and emotion. My memories are of personal experiences within a specific cultural and historical context, and the exploration forms part of a critical transformative inquiry. The motivation for this transformative inquiry forms part of a holistic de-fragmentation of my personal and cultural identity in an attempt to construct meaning and authenticity through design. The artefacts were produced in holistic cycles presenting in two distinct phases which are discussed chronologically. I recorded the process and my thoughts and feelings in a reflective journal which included a visual journal in my studio and served as a reference for my discussion of the cycles. I experienced the process of making as a ritualistic enactment of healing and the construction of meaning. In the written and illustrated submission for the award of this degree, I have endeavoured to offer an explanation of my professional and emotional development that formed part of the transformative process. I have chosen not to separate my explanation of my development as a designer and my personal development as it occurred concurrently. Digital imagery of my body of artefacts forms a record of my work offered for exhibition purposes and is included with the written dissertation.
The influence of the fine art market on the work produced by black artists (post 1994)
Authors:   , Shibase Thembalakhe
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the chronological relationship between the fine art market and the work produced by black South African artists since the emergence of a black urban class in the 1940s. It stems from the hypothesis that historically the art market had (and to some degree, still has) a major influence on the works produced by black artists in South Africa. In the introduction I contextualized the title of this dissertation by discussing the definitions of the terminology which feature therein. In Chapter One I have contextualized the study by looking at the historical background (the pre-1994) of South African art. I have specifically looked at how the socio-political conditions of that time influenced the work produced by black South African artists, hence the emergence of Township Art and Resistance Art. In Chapter Two I looked at the roles played by art institutions, galleries, and organizations in the stylistic developments made by black South African artists between the 1950s and 2000. The discussion of the influential role played by such informal institutions as Polly Street Art Centre, Jubilee Art Centre, the Johannesburg Art Foundation and many others on black artists forms a greater part of this chapter. Also included in this chapter is the discussion which examines the hypothesis that many black artists who do not have a formal academic background constitute a greater part of the informal art market. Tommy Motswai, Joseph Manana and Sibusiso Duma are examples of such artists and their work is discussed in depth. David Koloane, De Jager, Anitra Nettleton and other writers who have made literary contributions to South African art history, have been extensively cited and critically engaged in this chapter. iv In Chapter Three I discussed contemporary perceptions of the formal art sector, particularly in the post apartheid period. In this regard I looked at what defines mainstream or high art and how it differs from the marginal forms of art which are discussed in the preceding chapter. In this discussion I looked at the work of Sam Nhlengethwa, Colbert Mashile and my own work. In my discussion of their work I mapped out the characteristics of contemporary mainstream art, focussing primarily on 2-dimensional art.
The impact of socio-cultural factors on blended learning in the development of academic literacy in a tertiary vocational context
Authors:   , Gutteridge Robert Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

This study investigated key factors impacting on blended learning delivery with particular focus on socio-cultural and human-computer-interface issues, in the hope that the outcome of this enquiry might contribute positively towards the empowerment of learners and facilitators alike. The study involved a group of first year students enrolled in a Communications Skills Course offered by the (then) Department of English and Communication at the Durban University of Technology. The PRINTS Project, a webquest around which the course activities were based, provided an example of a blended delivery course in practice. While the teaching paradigm used in the course was constructivist, the research orientation employed in this project was critical realist. Critical realism focuses on transformation through praxis and also lends itself to modelling, which provides a way to understand the factors at play within a social system. In the preliminary stages of the research, an exploratory empirical (i.e. applied) model of blended learning delivery was formulated from a theoretical model of course delivery in order to assess which factors in blended learning were systemic and which were variables. The investigation then sought to uncover key factors impacting on the blended delivery system, utilising both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The findings were analysed in terms of the empirical model to gain an understanding of any factors that might be seen to either enhance or inhibit learning in blended delivery mode. The result was that certain core issues in blended learning and teaching could be clarified, including the use, advantages and disadvantages of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a learning environment. The notion of the digital divide could also be reconceptualised, and the relationship between literacy (be it academic, professional or social), power and culture could be further elucidated, drawing specific attention to the South African educational environment. The notion of iv culture and its relevance in a blended delivery environment was also further clarified, since the findings of this research project suggested how and why certain key socio-cultural factors might impact, as both enhancers and inhibitors, on the blended learning delivery system.
A journey in family literacy : investigation into influences on the development of an approach to family literacy
Authors:   , Desmond Alethea Snoeks
Published: September 2021

In this critical reflective self study I have examined the Family Literacy Project (FLP) to determine the influences that contributed to the development of an approach to family literacy. This study responds to the question What influences contributed to the development of an approach to family literacy relevant to the needs of families in rural KwaZulu Natal? By identifying and exploring and critically reflecting on these influences I provide insights that can inform policy and practice in the adult education and early childhood development sectors in South Africa. The study includes my critical reflections on finding a voice within a self study and how this has contributed towards the development of a methodology. In the process, I have developed a deeper understanding and appreciation of what has been achieved in the FLP during the first eight years under my directorship, and why. In the study, I report on these insights. The FLP project in this study is situated in deeply rural KwaZulu Natal, where the existing extensive knowledge base is almost exclusively oral, and informed by well established insights, understandings and values. In this context, I have examined the roles of families, adult literacy and early childhood development to establish their impact on the development of literacy in families. Through critical reflection, I then identified the principles – active learning, holistic development, community and children‟s rights – underpinning the FLP and was able to establish how these impacted on the development and success of the project. I then examined the roles, practices and characteristics of the FLP facilitators, and the experiences of facilitators and those who engaged in the project. I also looked at the roles played by the community, the external evaluators, and the effect of exposure of the project in the public domain through attendance at iv conferences, publication of journal articles, and awards made to the project because of its successes. I conclude the study by suggesting how the insights from the study might provide support for others engaged in such initiatives and indicating how the topic may be further investigated.
Poliguitarritmia
Authors: Messineo Martín
Published: September 2021

Poliguitarritmia es una obra integrada por un libro y una serie de soportes audiovisuales que pueden encontrarse en el canal de Youtube del autor. Martín Messineo despliega todo su talento interpretativo y experiencia docente en un trabajo notable por la claridad de los conceptos, su didáctica expresión en el pentagrama y en la ejecución. Martín Messineo desarrolla su propia mirada sobre la polirritmia aplicándola a la guitarra, enmarcado en una exquisita combinación de la tradición de la música afro, el jazz, la música popular rioplatense y brasileña; al tiempo que dialoga con los trabajos de Néstor Gómez y Mariano Cantero. Su propuesta parte de un profundo conocimiento del trabajo corporal, que se lleva a una técnica en la ejecución del instrumento. La Poliguitarritmia se adapta a la música clásica tanto como a la popular, puede emplearse en improvisaciones, ensambles y composición.
Evaluation of Five Automated Urine Analyzers as Screening Instruments for Enhancing Diagnostic Efficiency in Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Cho Jooyoung , Byun Jung-Hyun , Lee Sang-Guk , Oh Kyeongjin , Jeon Beomchan , Yong Dongeun , Kim Jeong-Ho
Published: September 2021

Background: Although urine culture is considered a reference standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), it is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Here, we evaluated the performance of five recent automated urine analyzers for UTI diagnosis. Methods: For the 510 specimens analyzed, the criterion for ‘significant bacteriuria’ was defined as ≥ 104 CFU/mL in the inoculated plate for all specimens or ≥ 103 CFU/mL for specimens from patients using a Foley catheter or with urinary symptoms. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of UTI were analyzed using indicators individually, in different combinations, or with various cut-off values. Results: Seventy-one specimens (13.9%) exhibited ‘significant bacteriuria’. In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, UF-5000 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) showed the highest area under the curve values for both males and females (0.876 and 0.846, respectively). The PPVs for specimens from males with all indicators positive increased up to 100% after adjusting the cut-off values. NPVs for specimens with all indicators negative were 94.3%98.2% in males and 78.1%–93.8% in females after adjusting the cut-off values. Conclusion: As a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool, urine sediment analyzers can be valuable for UTI diagnosis by reducing unnecessary culture and can help clinicians determine a treatment plan.
PERAN BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) DALAM MEMBANTU MASYARAKAT KURANG MAMPU DI DAERAH LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Saefuddin
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana efisiensi peran BAZNAS dalam membantu masyarakat kurang mampu khususnya di daerah Lombok Timur. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif- deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada masa kepengurusan periode ini, BAZNAS Lombok Timur mereformasi program pengelolaan BAZNAS dengan semangat transparansi dan akuntabel.Sumber- sumber zakat, infak, dan sadaqoh digali dan dikembangkan .Upaya ini didukung oleh kebijakan Pemda yang menghimbau segenap jajarannya, termasuk para pengusaha yang berada di Wilayah Lombok Timur agar mengeluarkan zakat, infak dan sadaqoh melalui BAZNAS. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya BAZNAS Lombok Timur memiliki beberapa tim relawan di tengah- tengah masyarakat sebagai pemberi informasi kepada masyarakat tentang program- program BAZNAS Lombok Timur. Sehingga para muzakki lebih mudah untuk menyalurkan bantuan/ zakatnya dan para mustahiq lebih mudah untuk mendapatkan bantuan/ zakat tersebut.
PRAKTEK MAKELAR JUAL BELI SAPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DI DESA EMBUNG KANDONG KECAMATAN TERARA KAB. LOTIM)
Authors: Hairori Saharul Hafiz
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktek makelar  jual beli sapi dalam perspektif hukum islam. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan yang ditekankan pada Studi Kasus (Case Study). Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan ada beberapa praktek makelar dalam proses transaksi jual beli hewan ternak sapidi Desa Embung Kandong Kecamatan Terara Kabupaten Lombok Timur memiliki tiga unsur berdasarkan tugasnya, yaitu makelar sebagai perantara penjual dan pembeli, mencarikan barang bagi pembeli atau menjualkan barang bagi penjual. Sedangkan menurut hukum Islam, bahwa praktek makelar digolongkan menjadi dua poin, yakni praktek makelar yang sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum Islam misalkan seorang makelar yang jujur dalam membantu pihak penjual dan pembeli, sedangkan yang keluar dari hukum Islam misalkan seorang makelar sering menguntungkan diri sendiri dengan cara menambahkan harga barang tanpa sepengetahuan kedua belah pihak dan tidak bertanggung jawab atas resiko yang mungkin terjadi.
GADAI MOTOR DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT (Studi Kasus di Desa Embung Kandong Kecamatan Terara)
Authors: Siti Nisaunnupuz Zikri
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik gadai motor dalam perspektif hukum Islam di desa Embung Kandong. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan di desa embung kandong. Ada beberapa metode pengumpulan datanya, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber data primer hasil dari wawancara penggadai, penerima gadai dan tokoh masyarakat, sementara data Sekunder berupa dokumen-dokumen, buku, catatan dan sebagainya, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif Analistis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik gadai motor di desa Embung Kandong, pihak rahin menyerahkan barang jaminan yang kemudian murtahin memberikan sejumlah utang kepada rahin. Selanjutnya, selama masa penahanan barang, murtahin memanfaatkan barang gadai motor tersebut dan menanggung biaya perawatannya. Praktik seperti ini tidak melanggar syari’at Islam karena sebelum akad berlangsung, rahin sudah terlebih dahulu mengizinkan pemanfaatan barang gadai tersebut meskipun tidak secara lisan atau tulisan. Hal ini didasari kebiasaan yang sudah berlaku di desa Embung Kandong yang meski tanpa adanya izin secara lisan atau tulisan dari pihak rahin namun secara kebiasaan rahin telah mengizinkan pemanfaatannya
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands and alternative agricultural land uses
Authors: Iram Naima , Kavehei Emad , Maher Damien T. , Bunn Stuart E. , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Farahani Bahareh Shahrabi , Adame Maria Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Coastal wetlands are essential for regulating the global carbon
budget through soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG – CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes. The conversion of coastal wetlands to
agricultural land alters these fluxes' magnitude and direction
(uptake/release). However, the extent and drivers of change of GHG fluxes are
still unknown for many tropical regions. We measured soil GHG fluxes from
three natural coastal wetlands – mangroves, salt marsh, and freshwater tidal
forests – and two alternative agricultural land uses – sugarcane farming and
pastures for cattle grazing (ponded and dry conditions). We assessed
variations throughout different climatic conditions (dry–cool, dry–hot, and
wet–hot) within 2 years of measurements (2018–2020) in tropical Australia.
The wet pasture had by far the highest CH4 emissions with 1231±386 mgm-2d-1, which were 200-fold higher than any other site.
Dry pastures and sugarcane were the highest emitters of N2O
with 55±9 mgm-2d-1 (wet–hot period) and 11±3 mgm-2d-1 (hot-dry period, coinciding with fertilisation), respectively. Dry
pastures were also the highest emitters of CO2 with 20±1 gm-2d-1 (wet–hot period). The three coastal wetlands measured had
lower emissions, with salt marsh uptake of -0.55±0.23 and
-1.19±0.08 gm-2d-1 of N2O and CO2, respectively, during the dry–hot
period. During the sampled period, sugarcane and pastures had higher total
cumulative soil GHG emissions (CH4+N2O) of 7142 and 56 124 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 compared to coastal wetlands with 144 to
884 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 (where CO2-eq is CO2 equivalent). Restoring unproductive sugarcane
land or pastures (especially ponded ones) to coastal wetlands could provide
significant GHG mitigation.
Landslide-lake outburst floods accelerate downstream hillslope slippage
Authors: Yang Wentao , Fang Jian , Liu-Zeng Jing
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Jinsha River, which has carved a 2–4 km deep gorge,
is one of the largest SE Asian rivers. Two successive landslide-lake
outburst floods (LLFs) occurred after the 2018 Baige landslides along the
river. Using Sentinel-2 images, we examined the LLF impacts on downstream
river channels and adjacent hillslopes over a 100 km distance. The floods
increased the width of the active river channel by 54 %. Subsequently,
major landslides persisted for 15 months in at least nine locations for
displacements >2 m. Among them, three moving hillslopes
∼80 km downstream from the Baige landslides slumped more
than 10 m 1 year after the floods. Extensive undercuts by floods probably
removed hillslope buttresses and triggered a deformation response,
suggesting strong and dynamic channel–hillslope coupling. Our findings
indicate that infrequent catastrophic outburst flooding plays an important
role in landscape evolution. Persistent post-flood hillslope movement should
be considered in disaster mitigation in high-relief mountainous regions.
Incorporation of volcanic SO2 emissions in the Hemispheric CMAQ (H-CMAQ) version 5.2 modeling system and assessing their impacts on sulfate aerosol over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Mathur Rohit , Hogrefe Christian , Napelenok Sergey L. , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H-CMAQ). In this study, satellite-constrained estimation of the degassing SO2 emissions from 50 volcanoes over the Northern Hemisphere is incorporated into H-CMAQ, and their impact on tropospheric sulfate aerosol (SO42-) levels is assessed for 2010. The volcanic degassing improves predictions of observations from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), the United States Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and the United States Integrated Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). Over Asia, the increased SO42- concentrations were seen to correspond to the locations of volcanoes, especially over Japan and Indonesia. Over the USA, the largest impacts that occurred over the central Pacific were caused by including the Hawaiian Kilauea volcano, while the impacts on the continental USA were limited to the western portion during summertime. The emissions of the Soufrière Hills volcano located on the island of Montserrat in the Caribbean Sea affected the southeastern USA during the winter season. The analysis at specific sites in Hawaii and Florida also confirmed improvements in regional performance for modeled SO42- by including volcanoes SO2 emissions. At the edge of the western USA, monthly averaged SO42- enhancements greater than 0.1 µg m−3 were noted within the boundary layer (defined as surface to 750 hPa) during June–September. Investigating the change on SO42- concentration throughout the free troposphere revealed that although the considered volcanic SO2 emissions occurred at or below the middle of free troposphere (500 hPa), compared to the simulation without the volcanic source, SO42- enhancements of more than 10 % were detected up to the top of the free troposphere (250 hPa). Our model simulations and comparisons with measurements across the Northern Hemisphere indicate that the degassing volcanic SO2 emissions are an important source and should be considered in air quality model simulations assessing background SO42- levels and their source attribution.
Equalizing and Widening Access to Higher Education During a Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a Multi-University Perspective
Authors: Dodd Emlyn , Singh Sonal , Micsko Jim , Austin Kylie , Morison Carolina , Upton Stuart
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid and unprecedented shift of widening participation and outreach activities to online and remote delivery. The impact of this went beyond practitioners and the university sector; positive and negative implications are felt by stakeholders and the broader community. This shift online is discussed through the lens of a multi-university perspective, using four case studies from university outreach programs in one Australian state. The article provides a holistic view of the lessons learned and discoveries made, informing future program design and delivery. These programs include primary and secondary students, teachers, parents, guardians and carers, and work within a range of low socioeconomic and regional, rural and remote contexts. We argue that the fundamentally necessary shift online created a profound legacy and bears potential to increase accessibility (via diversity and scale), but, simultaneously, that care must be applied if substituting face-to-face engagement with that online. While this article primarily focuses on issues of value to practitioners, it also discusses important implications for academics, support staff, and university executive regarding the access and participation of underrepresented cohorts during times of mass change.
Ciudades de papel. Aproximaciones gráficas al planeamiento utópico
Authors: Salgado De la Rosa M. Asunción , Raposo Grau Javier Francisco , Butragueño Díaz-Guerra Belén
Published: September 2021

Para referirnos a aquellos proyectos no construidos que integran el patrimonio gráfico de la arquitectura, a menudo utilizamos el término arquitecturas de papel. Sin embargo, la expresión ciudades de papel alude a localizaciones inventadas que, sin embargo, aparecen referenciadas sobre un mapa. Apropiándonos del término, este artículo propone la revisión de alguna de las cartografías imaginarias, cuya aportación grafica ha contribuido a diversificar la manera en que se comunicaba la arquitectura en el siglo XX. Estas ciudades de papel nunca fueron construidas, ni siquiera figuran en ningún mapa, pero todas tienen en común el incuestionable valor comunicativo de una arquitectura que fue proyectada atendiendo a las preocupaciones de su tiempo. Se revisarán proyectos de arquitectos tan distintos como Wright, Constant Nieuwenhuys, Yona Friedman, o los equipos Archizoom, Archigram y MVRDV, para tratar de desentrañar a través de sus dibujos, las claves de estas ciudades posibles e imposibles.
Vulnerabilidad narrativa: un laboratorio de experimentación artística y narrativa con excombatientes en proceso de reintegración en Colombia
Authors: Rincón Santa David Antonio , Ruiz Gutiérrez Adriana María
Published: September 2021

Algunas narraciones de excombatientes del conflicto armado colombiano revelan la precariedad como causa para alistarse en los grupos armados y los obstáculos para reintegrarse a la vida civil. Reconocer esta vulnerabilidad demanda esfuerzos sociales y académicos por comprender nuestro pasado violento y plantear posibilidades de transformación. En este contexto, este artículo presenta la metodología crítica con enfoque en vulnerabilidad, que desarrollamos e implementamos desde el Grupo de Investigación sobre Estudios Críticos con excombatientes en proceso de reintegración en Medellín (Colombia), mediante un laboratorio de experimentación artística y narrativa. Desde esta experiencia, planteamos las categorías de vulnerabilidad narrativa, laboratorio biográfico-performativo y gesto biográfico-performativo, como una ampliación de las nociones de Judith Butler, Christine Delory-Momberger y Georges Didi-Huberman. Entre los hallazgos de este diseño metodológico están la necesidad de construir nuevos marcos narrativos y el llamado a la no violencia que hacen los excombatientes que participaron en la guerra y sobrevivieron.
La Germania a Xàtiva. Actes de les XI Jornades d’Art i Història, Xàtiva 2019. Antonio López Alemany (ed.), Ulleye (Xàtiva), Una Ullada a la Història, 2020, 339 pp. ISBN: 978-84-949495-9-3
Authors: Ferrer Orts Albert
Published: September 2021

Reseña de la obra de Antonio López Alemany (ed.), Ulleye (Xàtiva), Una Ullada a la Història, 2020,339 pp. ISBN: 978-84-949495-9-3
Acerca del “lenguaje” de las manos (manuaje). Una conversación con Mauricio Cárcamo
Authors: Salazar Sanchez Cristian Gonzalo , Pino Mauricio Arnoldo Cárcamo
Published: September 2021

En esta entrevista conversamos sobre acción manual y representación arquitectónica con el arquitecto chileno Mauricio Cárcamo. Este ha sido académico, investigador y/o consultor en diversas entidades como la Universidad de Chile, la Universidad de São Paulo, la Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, el Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, entre otras instituciones latinoamericanas. Desde 2011 ha levantado una línea de investigación ligada a la cognición corporeizada en arquitectura, avocándose al estudio especializado del vínculo cognitivo/enactivo entre la acción manual (manuaje) e inteligencia sensomotriz implicadas en la acción proyectual, sus representaciones, prácticas y alcances en arquitectura, educación, lingüística, semiótica, biología, psicología, neurociencia y filosofía, entre otros. En 2017 ha publicado, junto a diversos autores, el libro/objeto «CUBOOK. 1200 gramos destinados a discurrir en torno al manoaje», obra expuesta en bienales, museos y conferencias diversas. La entrevista fue realizada en La Paz, Bolivia en noviembre de 2018, durante el Workshop «Del problema a la acción», dirigido por Cárcamo en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Artes, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA); y en la carrera de arquitectura de la Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo (UCB-SP).
Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Yoruba Ethnic Population: A Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Bassey Okon Etim , Chiegwu Hyacienth Uche , Ohagwu Chistopher Chukwuemeka
Published: September 2021

Background: Several sellar and parasellar pathologies affect the size and shape of sella turcica. A deviation from normal dimensions of sella turcica could be an indication of a pathological condition of the structure itself or the pituitary gland.
Aim: This study was designed to assess the dimensions and morphology of the sella turcica of Yoruba ethnic population using cranial computed tomography (CT) images.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 321 cranial CT images of the Yoruba subjects acquired in a tertiary health institution between January 2020 and April 2021. The sella turcica length, depth and anteroposterior diameter were measured using the digital calipers of the CT system while sella morphological shape was determined qualitatively by observing the floor of sella in the midsagittal slice and quantitatively by taking the ratio of superoinferior diameter to the transverse diameter.
Result: In general, the mean and standard deviation value of sella turcica length was 12.2±`2.35mm. The mean sella length for males was 12.62`±2.50 and that for females was 11.69 ±`2.04mm. The result showed that males’ sella length differed significantly from that of females (t=3.635, p=0.000). A significant difference was noted between the sella depths of the two genders (p=0.032). The total mean anteroposterior diameter (APD) of sella turcica was 13.4`± 2.47mm. Male and female mean diameters were 13.6`± 2.45mm and 13.3±`2.17mm respectively. No significant difference was noted in sella length and APD across the age categories but sella depth showed a significant difference, which was noted to only exist between early adulthood (≤34 years) and late adulthood (≥65) (p=0.027). No statistically significant association was noted between sella shape and gender (c2=3.124, p=0.210) as well as age (c2=9.336, p=0.156).
Conclusion: Only the mean sella length and depth differ significantly between male and female genders. Anteroposterior diameter is the same irrespective of gender. The sella turcica dimensions obtained from this study will serve as reference values for physicians in the assessment of sellar and parasellar pathologies in the study population.

Key words: Computed tomography, sella turcica, morphology.
Ambulatory hand emergency: 2 years-experience in an public university hospital center
Authors: Carricaburu Alice , Mouton Jordane , Nseir Iad , Beccari Roberto , Gandolfi Silvia , Auquit-Auckbur Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Hand emergencies represent the most frequent traumatic injuries and outpatient surgery is still improving. It will achieve 70% of total surgeries by 2022.

Our hand trauma center has been able to set up an emergency day surgery department in a university hospital center.

With this article, we would like to report the ambula- tory care management and practice for hand emer- gencies in our university hospital center over 2 years. 892 patients suffering from hand traumas and managed in our day surgery department, were retro-spectively reviewed between January 2016 and December 2017. Patients’ demographic data, anesthe- tic data, trauma’s circumstances, medical care and surgical outcomes have been disclosed. A descriptive analysis and a statistical assessment was realized.

Cut injury was the most recorded case, followed by impactions. Tendon injuries were the most frequent (32%), followed by fractures (26%), and exposed joints (18%). 13% of injuries were nil findings. Average patient care delay was 1.16 days. Mean of hospitalization was 7.5 hours. 16/892 patients needing intravenous antibiotics required hospitalization. 41 complications including 27 secondary surgeries were reported.

Hospital facilities are forced to reassess their entire procedures to achieve efficiency and improvement for healthcare. Progress in outpatient surgery permits emergency management in hand surgery, improving patient cares both medically and economically.
Genu valgum deformity – correction by a wedgeless implantless femoral “V” osteotomy
Authors: Goyal Amrit , Gupta Vikas , Goyal Meenakshi , Chandra Rajesh , Sharma Vinod K
Published: September 2021

Coronal malalignment of the knee joint is very common in developing countries especially because of nutritional rickets. Significant valgus deformity needs to be treated surgically to improve appearance, gait and function of the patient. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of supracondylar “V” osteotomy as a surgical technique for correction of the valgus knee deformity.

This study was conducted in a tertiary level teaching hospital and 30 cases were included in the study. For all the patients deformity was assessed using ana- tomical tibiofemoral angle, mechanical axis deviation and intermalleolar distance preoperatively and post- operatively.

The average age of our patients was 13.7 years and the average follow up was3.29 years (1.39-14.22 yrs). Clinically the average value of intermalleolar distance preoperatively was 16cm and 3.2 cm postperatively. Average pre-operative tibiofemoral angle was 23° and the average postoperative angle was 6 0 which was found to be statistically significant using the Paired t test (p<0.005). The average value of preoperative mechanical axis deviation was 3.1 cm which decreased to an average value of 1.1 cm postoperatively.

The results with this technique have been encouraging. The advantages of this technique are low morbidity, good stability allowing early ambulation, ability to adjust alignment postoperatively by casting and no need for internal fixation. Few studies have been conducted on osteotomies that do not require internal fixation and are inherently stable. This technique has the advantage of practically no occurrence of any infection or a second surgery to remove hardware in children and adolescents. Since no specialized instrumentation, image intensifier and implants are required, it is cost effective and can be used in any primary care or district level surgical setup in a developing country like ours.
Acetabular distraction hip arthroplasty in neglected transverse and T-shape acetabular fractures : a different application
Authors: Abdelaziz Bassiony Ayman , Gameel Saleh , Nageeb Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Neglected acetabular fractures are often challenging to treat. The aim of this study is to highlight the technique of acetabular distraction with porous metal cup as a viable technique to address such complex cases.

This is a prospective study of seven patients who had neglected acetabular fracture or fracture non-union that were managed with total hip arthroplasty using acetabular distraction and porous metal cup with cemented liner.

The average age of the patients was 51 years (range 36-58 years). Average time of follow up was 18 months (range 12-36 months). Radiological results at latest follow up and by comparing serial radiographs showed that all cases had a well-fixed implant construct without evidence of loosening or malorientation. Average Harris hip score pre-operatively was 46, which improved to an average of 84 post-operatively. Our study shows that total hip replacement using acetabular distraction with porous metal cup provide early good results in reconstruction of acetabular bony deficiencies due to neglected acetabular fracture.
Analysis of morphological parameters in pelvic radiography and hip MRI : a practical reporting recommendation
Authors: Derin Cicek Esin , Cevik Halime
Published: September 2021

Although numerous criteria have been proposed to define abnormal hip morphology, mostly used in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement, it is not a practical approach to measure all of these parameters in all cases without clinical suspicion. In this study, our aim was to develop an evaluating and reporting standardization for routine hip examinations to define both hip morphology and impingement. A total of 108 patients with routine hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and antero-posterior pelvic radiograph (PR) were included in this retrospective study. Alpha angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular protrusion, acetabular anteversion, collo- diaphyseal angle (CDA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and Tönnis angle (TA) were measured. The differences and associations between these parameters were evaluated according to imaging modality or plane, and sex. Although a significant difference has been found between the axial AA and the coronal AA mean values measured on MRI, there was also a strong correlation. Coronal measurements were significantly higher. AA values measured in PR and coronal MRI were comparable. Males had higher AA in both planes as compared to females. There were no significant differences between CDA values in MRI and PR. There was a significant difference and a moderate correlation between AD values in MRI and PR. We suggest that routine reports should include a measurement of AA in two planes, and measurement of CDA in PR or MRI. Due to the difference in AD between MRI and radiography, LCEA or TA may represent better alternatives. Checking for a negative Tönnis sign would represent a practical approach.
Comparison of fluoroscopy time in short and long cephalomedullary nailing for 31A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures
Authors: Vishwanathan Karthik , Akbari Keyur , Patel Amit
Published: September 2021

There is no study that has compared the radiation exposure during short (Short PFN) and long proximal femoral nailing (Long PFN) for 31A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures. The objective of the present study was to compare the radiation exposure time in short and long proximal femoral nail during the treatment of 31A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures. This prospective cohort study was carried out in a University teaching hospital. Sixty one consecutive patients with 31A2 intertrochanteric femur fracture treated with pro- ximal femoral nail were included in the study. The distal locking in the short PFN was performed using the locking zig and distal locking in the long PFN was performed using the free hand perfect circle technique. The same mobile image intensifier (Multimobil 5E, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used in the entire study. The outcome measure was the fluoroscopy exposure time (seconds) which was measured directly from the image intensifier. Thirty patients underwent fixation with short PFN and 31 patients underwent fixation using long PFN. The mean fluoroscopy exposure time in short PFN cohort was 189.5 seconds ± 26 (range : 150-250 seconds) and the mean fluoroscopy exposure time in long PFN cohort was 283.4 seconds ± 43.8 (range : 200-400 seconds). The mean fluoroscopy exposure time was 93.9 seconds shorter in the short PFN cohort and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001 ; 95% CI : 75.4 to 112.3). The radiation exposure to the operating team is significantly less during treatment with short PFN in 31A2 intertrochanteric fractures.
The impact of direct oral anti-coagulants on hip fracture management : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Holmes Samuel , Bahnam Sarmad
Published: September 2021

Hip fractures are a common presentation in the elderly, a group who commonly have co-morbidities requiring the use of anticoagulants. Recently, direct oral anti-coagulants (DOAC) have become a popular method of anticoagulating patients. The primary aim of this review is to determine if the use of DOAC in elderly patients with hip fractures results in delays to theatre and/or an increased mortality risk.

Major databases including Pubmed, MEDLINE and Embase were searched for relevant studies and the included studies reference lists were screened for further studies. A total of 6 studies were included in meta-analysis which was undertaken using RevMan software with 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to control groups, patients who were anticoagulated with DOAC and required operative management of a hip fracture experienced a statistically significant delay to treatment. However independent analysis showed these patients did not experience an increased mortality risk when compared to the control group. While data is limited, treating clinicians should be comforted by these findings as operative manage- ment can be safely delayed to reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding.
Diagnostic value of routine pre-operative investigations used in combination in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Walker Lucy C. , Clement Nick D. , Hashmi Munawar , Samuel Julie , Deehan David J.
Published: September 2021

The primary aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of joint aspiration culture, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), individually, and in combination for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

A consecutive patient series with pre-operative inflammatory marker levels, an aspiration culture of either hip or knee arthroplasty and intra-operative culture samples from subsequent revision surgery was compiled. This retrospective patient cohort analysis included 128 aspiration. The data were analysed to compare pre-operative aspiration cultures, serum ESR and CRP levels to the chosen gold standard for PJI diagnosis of intra-operative culture samples. A diagnostic algorithm was created using the above tests combined with clinical suspicion index.

The values that had the highest sensitivity and specificity of predicting PJI were >5 for CRP and >16 for ESR. CRP used individually had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of any test (75.0% and 75.9%, respectively). ESR + aspirate had the highest specificity and positive predictive value (PPV), of 100% for both. Using all three tests together the specificity and PPV were higher than the test individual values (95.3% and 85.0% respectively). Based on subgroup analyses the combination of ESR or CRP plus joint aspiration has superior PPV compared to individual tests. ESR and CRP had the highest NPV when used in isolation. An algorithm has been developed to guide clinical diagnosis.
LIVESPO® NAVAX CHỨA BÀO TỬ LỢI KHUẨN BACILLUS HỖ TRỢ HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ TRIỆU CHỨNG VÀ GIẢM NỒNG ĐỘ VIRUS HỢP BÀO HÔ HẤP (RSV) Ở TRẺ EM
Authors: Tú Trần Thanh , Anh Nguyễn Thị Vân , Thủy Phùng Thị Bích , Huyền Bùi Thị , Phúc Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Tâm Vũ Thị , Nga Ngô Thị Phương , Mai Nguyễn Thị , Hậu Đỗ Thị , Thủy Ngô Hồng , Trang Phạm Thị Thu , Ngọc Lê Xuân , Hường Đỗ Thu , Anh Nguyễn Hòa
Published: September 2021

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Viêm nhiễm virus hợp bào hô hấp RSV (Respiratory Syncytial virus) là một trong những nguyên nhân phổ biến gây bệnh đường hô hấp. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm bước đầu khảo sát tác dụng hỗ trợ điều trị của sản phẩm probiotic LiveSpo® Navax dạng nước chứa bào tử lợi khuẩn Bacillus thế hệ LS-III ở nồng độ cao trên đối tượng trẻ em bị bệnh đường hô hấp cấp do nhiễm RSV tại bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương. Phương pháp: Bước đầu đánh giá trên 30 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán bị bệnh viêm tiểu phế quản do nhiễm RSV tham gia vào nghiên cứu thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng mù. Bệnh nhân được chia ngẫu nhiên vào 2 nhóm (n =15/nhóm): nhóm sử dụng LiveSpo® Navax (nhóm Navax) và nhóm sử dụng nước muối sinh lý NaCl 0,9% (nhóm Chứng), được hướng dẫn xịt mũi với tần suất 3 lần/ngày trong 6 ngày liên tục, kết hợp với sử dụng thuốc điều trị thường quy tại bệnh viện. Bệnh nhân được tiến hành theo dõi các chỉ số lâm sàng (khò khè, khó thở, độ bão hòa oxy,...) trong suốt thời gian điều trị và được thực hiện các xét nghiệm như: (i) đo tải lượng RSV, nồng độ của B. subtilis và B. clausii ở ngày 0 và ngày 3 trong dịch tỵ hầu bằng phương pháp Real-time PCR. Kết quả: Nhóm Navax có thời gian khỏi các triệu chứng xuất tiết mũi, khó thở, ran rít, ran ẩm, rút lõm lồng ngực sớm hơn nhóm đối chứng khoảng 1 ngày. Sau 3 ngày điều trị, tải lượng RSV ở nhóm Navax ở dịch tỵ hầu của bệnh nhân giảm khoảng 300 lần, trong khi nhóm đối chứng chỉ giảm 15 lần, có liên quan tới sự có mặt của bào tử vi khuẩn B. subtilis và B. clausii ở dịch mũi bệnh nhân nhóm Navax mà vắng mặt ở nhóm đối chứng. 100% bệnh nhân sử dụng LiveSpo® Navax không có bất cứ dấu hiệu bất thường nào về rối loạn nhịp thở, mạch, kích ứng niêm mạc mũi, hay tiêu hóa. Kết luận: Đây là nghiên cứu thử nghiệm lâm sàng ở trẻ em đầu tiên trên thế giới về an toàn và tác dụng của probiotic bào tử lợi khuẩn Bacillus ở dạng xịt mũi. LiveSpo®Navax có tác dụng rút ngắn khoảng 1 ngày thời gian điều trị các triệu chứng điển hình của bệnh đường hô hấp do nhiễm RSV gây ra và làm giảm nồng độ virus hợp bào hô hấp RSV trong mũi của trẻ em hiệu quả hơn gấp 20 lần so với nước muối sinh lý.