bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring chloride diffusion in BFS concrete using an Electrical Resistivity Tomography device
Authors:   LUNAM Université, Achrafi Mohamad Khodor El ,   Université Gustave Eiffel, Villain Géraldine ,   LUNAM Université, Bonnet Stéphanie
Published: January 2023

Corrosion of steel bars in Reinforced Concrete (RC) due to the penetration of chlorides coming from seawater is one of the main pathologies leading to degradation of marine structures. Destructive Evaluation (DE) methods like coring from concrete in such marine environment are difficult and expensive for the survey of marine RC structures. Whereas, Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods based on the wave propagation (electric and electromagnetic) can reduce the number of cores necessary to evaluate the health of the studied structures. The aim of this work is to study the chloride ingress into saturated concrete by using the NDE methods and especially the Electrical Resistivity Tomography device. Accordingly, chlorides diffusion campaign with two different chloride concentration ([NaCl] = 35 and 90 g/L) was carried out on two slab of concrete contains slag addition. Apparent resistivities are then inverted in order to obtain a resistivity profile versus depth with two different software: Res1D and Ceris. Moreover, resistivity measurements were performed regularly on the slabs to obtain the resistivity profiles. On the other hand, a calibration method was realized to relate the resistivity to the chloride content for each type of concrete. The chloride profiles evaluated by NDT are then compared to those obtained by a destructive method (potentiometric titration) at three different exposure periods. The long-term goal is to use directly the NDE results in the model of chloride ingress into saturated concrete
OsciCheck: A Novel Fluidic Transducer for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Measurements
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Bühling Benjamin ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Maack Stefan ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Strangfeld Christoph
Published: January 2023

Ultrasonic measurement technology has become indispensable in NDT-CE. Air-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) measurement techniques promise to reduce measurement time. However, the signal quality suffers from large specific impedance mismatch at the transducer-air and air-specimen interface. Additionally, large pressure amplitudes are necessary for the penetration depth required in NDT-CE applications.
To address the specific requirements of ultrasonic testing in NDT-CE, a robust ACU transducer was developed, that generates ultrasound by quickly switching a pressurized air flow. The simple design of the fluidic transducer makes the device maintenance free and resilient against harsh environmental conditions. Since the signal is generated by aeroacoustics, there is no specific impedance mismatch between the transducer and the surrounding air. The ultrasonic signal exhibits frequencies in the 30-60 kHz range and is therefore well suited to penetrate heterogenous materials such as concrete. This contribution gives an introduction in the working principle and signal characteristics of the fluidic transducer. Its application on different materials is validated. A detailed outlook is given to discuss the future potential of fluidic ultrasonic actuators.
The torsional nonlinear-elastic parameter βG for uniaxial stress monitoring of concrete specimens
Authors:   Universidad de la República, Spalvier Agustin ,   Universidad de la República, Domenech Leandro ,   Universidad de la República, Cetrangolo Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear elastic characterization of concrete materials is a promising approach for actual stress detection in structural elements. In this study we investigate the use of the “torsional nonlinear parameter” βG of elongated concrete specimens to detect the actual uniaxial stress level. We derive a theoretical expression of βG ex-pressed in terms of the third order elastic constants l, m and n. Then we apply quasistatic uniaxial loading cycles on a 15 x 15 x 60 cm3 specimen and measure βG using the torsional resonance technique, obtaining an average βG = -125. This re-sult is compared against the βG measured using ultrasonic wave propagation in the same specimen during the same test. Finally, we measure βG in a real size reinforced concrete column using the torsional resonance technique, obtaining βG =-650. A final discussion is posed to analyze the findings and to guide future research.
Input delay compensation of distributed time-delay systems via observer–predictors
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Vite Leopoldo , Mondié Sabine ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

This work is devoted to the stabilization of linear systems with distributed delay. The approach is based on a prediction-observation protocol that allows compensating input time-delay. The proposed control scheme is tuned by optimizing the smoothed spectral abscissa, which is a smooth relaxation of the non-smooth spectral abscissa function, and provides a trade-off between the decay rate and the $mathcal{H}_2$ norm of the system. The proposed controller is applied to the stabilization of combustion in rocket motor chambers.
Modelado y simulación de la digestión anaerobia de residuos de la planta de plátano para la producción de biogás
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, García-Alonso M. E. , Hernández-Martínez E. ,   Universidad Veracruzana, Moguel-Castañeda J. G. ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Morales-Cabrera M. A. ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco
Published: January 2023

This article addresses a robust guidance and control for a fully-actuated underwater autonomous vehicle under external perturbations. A cascade strategy based on an adaptive integral terminal sliding mode controller is designed. Such approach ensures practical finite time convergence of the tracking errors and robustness against disturbances with unknown boundaries. In addition, it does not overestimate the control gain, reducing chattering. The guidance law forces the vehicle to track desired trajectories, providing velocity and heading references for all degrees of freedom. Then, a low level control ensures convergence of all the state variables. Finally, simulations results carried on a full model subject to water currents prove the feasibility and advantages of the proposed control scheme.
Sistema coordinado de robots industriales con acoplamientos dinámicos de segundo orden
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Vargas-Belman Rodrigo , Rodríguez-Angeles Alejandro ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema coordinado conformado por dos robots industriales de la marca ABB y dos sensores de fuerza, uno marca TTI y otro ATI. Sistema cuya función es la sujeción y manipulación de objetos utilizando un contacto puntual, con el fin de que estos desarrollen movimientos deseados por un operador. Al ser un sistema coordinado, a diferencia de un sistema maestro-esclavo, ambos robots tienen acceso a toda la información de su fuerza aplicada, ruta deseada del objeto y posición del efector final del otro robot. Se implementan en ambos manipuladores tres esquemas de control diferentes, siendo uno el control de fuerza-par, el cual permite regular la penetración generada por el contacto en el objeto, el otro un control de posición del objeto, el cual tiene como función cambiar la referencia de fuerza para que con este diferencial se produzca el movimiento de este, y un control por acoplamiento, cuya función es aumentar o disminuir la referencia de fuerza, para que los efectores finales siempre se encuentren a la misma distancia (desde ahora denominada distancia de agarre) y se asegure un agarre estable del objeto. Realizando un análisis de estabilidad total del sistema, obteniendo condiciones sobre las ganancias de los controles y comprobando dicha teoría con pruebas experimentales.
Proporcional Integral Observer Design for Takagi-Sugeno system applied to a knee rehabilitator
Authors:   CENIDET, Jiménez-Gómez Janeth , Osorio-Gordillo Gloria L. ,   CENIDET, Astorga-Zaragoza Carlos M. ,   CENIDET, Vargas-Mendez Rodolfo A. ,   CENIDET
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this paper is to describe the design of proportional integral observer (PIO) for Takagi-Sugeno system using the nonlinear sector approach. This observer improves the state estimation due to the integral part. Lyapunov functions are used to analize the stability of the error dynamic of the observer. Stability conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The effectives of the proposed approach is illustrated by knee rehabilitator robot.
Diagnosis in cucurbits plants based on Wavelet and Fourier coefficients using support vector machines
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Rivera-Romero C. A. , Muñoz-Minjares J. U. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Olivera-Reyna R. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Palacios-Hernandez E. R. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Reyes-Portillo I. A. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Published: January 2023

Spectral signature analysis is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing diseased plants. For this, it is necessary to consider different techniques for the feature extraction that allow the identification of different damage levels of a specific pathology, such as the case of fungal disease in cucurbits plants. In this study, reflectance measurements of healthy and diseased leaves are used to identify three main stages of powdery mildew levels: leaves in the germination stage of the fungus leaves with first symptoms and diseased leaves. Then, a proposal to use frequency analysis of the spectral signatures using the Wavelet transforms and the Fourier transforms to the feature extraction from the obtained coefficients and determines the damage levels using multi-classification in support vector machine blocks. Classification accuracy of 94.6% and 98.3%, respectively, was demonstrated. Therefore, this methodology is important for the diagnosis of damage levels on cucurbits leaves and other similar plants.
WaveNet-IIR PID Controllers Applied to a 2DoF Helicopter Model
Authors:   Postgraduate Program of Aerospace Engineering, García–Castro O. F. , Vega–Navarrete M. A. ,   Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Hidalgo, Ramos–Velasco L. E. ,   Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Hidalgo, Garcia-Rodriguez R. ,   Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Hidalgo, Domínguez-Mayorga C. R. ,   Postgraduate Program of Aerospace Engineering, Escamilla-Hernández E. ,   Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica, Oliva–Moreno L. N. ,   Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería
Published: January 2023

This article presents a WaveNet-IIR PID controller applied to Quanser two degree of freedom helicopter. The Wavenet-IIR is based on a radially based neural network with wavelet functions as function activactions. At the same time, a pair of infinite impulse response filters are used to prune some neuronal networks. Futhermore, an auto-tuning method is presented for PID controlles gains of the MIMO system. Finally, simulation results, using LabVIEW, are shown under different conditions.
Alexa application for lighting and temperature management through fuzzy controllers that can be used in a home automation environment
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tinoco David , Cruz-Morales Raúl Dali ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Farfán Quevedo Jorge Esteban ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

Today, the design and development of smart homes and the way in which the user interacts with them is becoming more and more common. There are different ways in which a user can interact with these technological elements, such as wireless communications, control from a mobile device and through voice, the latter of great relevance for this paper. The design of such buildings seeks the comfort of the individual or individuals who inhabit it, modifying the internal conditions of the property, such as interior and exterior lighting, humidity, etc. This environment control occurs due to the reading of values recorded by sensors, and the output reaction of the actuators. This paper presents the proposal for a control system of light and temperature conditions within a building through Alexa. The conditioning of such physical magnitudes is carried out by means of fuzzy controllers. The presented scheme could be easily used in an automation system.
Lateral Speed Control of an Autonomous Vehicle employing Linear Parameter Varying Techniques
Authors:   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Díaz-Aciego Carlos Ernesto , Anzurez-Marin Juan ,   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, López-Estrada Francisco Ronay ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México, I.T. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Domínguez-Zenteno Joaquín ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México, I.T. Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a lateral speed controller for an autonomous vehicle based on linear parameter varying (LPV) modelling. The lateral control is highly implemented in cars due to assisted direction and trajectory corrections provided by electronic speed controllers (ESC). In order to guarantee the stability and performance criteria of the proposed controllers, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) are used. The proposed schemes are then validated under different simulations.
Fundamental aspects of the nonlinear dynamics of a biomass throated tubular gasification reactor
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santamaria-Padilla Luis , Badillo-Hernandez Ulises ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Alvarez-Icaza Luis ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Alvarez Jesús ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Published: January 2023

As necessary preamble for nonlinear control-estimation design, in this study fundamental stationary, transient and robustness characteristics of a spatially distributed tubular throated gasification tristable reactor are studied with efficient PDE-to-ODE discretization. The reactor is described by 15 nonlinear PDEs and has 5 steady-states (SSs): (i) 3 stable ones and (ii) 2 unstable ones. On the basis of process insight and extensive numerical simulation, perturbed initial conditions close to the hypersurface separatrix that divides the basins of attraction of the nominal and recently reported grate stable SSs were identified, verifying: the existence of the hypersurface separatrices that divide the basins of attraction of the stable nominal-H unstable saddle and L unstable saddle-stable extinction SS pairs. The comparison of the shapes and caloric efficiency of the nominal, grate stable as well as high-conversion unstable SS profiles yielded that: (i) the nominal stable SS exhibits the smallest production of undesirable tar, followed by the H unstable SS and the grate stable SS, and (ii) the temperature and biomass concentration profiles of the high-yield unstable SS and the grate stable SS are rather similar, and appreciable different from the nominal stable SS. With transients induced by pos/negative initial profile temperature deviations it was found: (i) which stable SSs is reached, and (ii) what the settling time, damping and profile front displacement are.
Thermodynamic based robust regulation of a heat exchanger
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Gómez Omar Rogelio , García Sandoval Juan Paulo ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: January 2023

In this work, a robust regulation problem based on thermodynamic principles is developed to control a heat exchanger. The system is regulated through a nonlinear output error dependent on the total entropy production within the heat exchanger; this error is a function of the output variable and its reference, but it can also be affected by parametric uncertainties and disturbances, so a geometric controller with a high-gain observer and an anti-windup scheme is proposed. Finally, the numerical simulation of the controller shows compliance with stability and robustness criteria.
A new implementation of PI controller for quasi-resonant converters
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sánchez-Contreras Agustín , Rodríguez-Benítez Oscar Miguel ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ortega-Velázquez Isaac ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Espinosa-Pérez Gerardo ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

The main contribution of this paper is to increase the operating range of quasi-resonant DC-DC converters through the implementation of a PI controller, considering the relationship between the duty cycle and switching frequency. Quasi-resonant converters use a soft switching method where the power devices switch at zero voltage or zero current, resulting in low switching loss and high power density. The controller design is carried out by applying the evaluation of the power stages in the topology with the aim to ensure soft switching commutation. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed estimation.
Control of the rotational speed of an induction motor by means of an inverter applying vector control
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mino-Aguilar Gerardo , Mendoza-Fabian Jose J. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Muñoz-Hernández G. A. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, González-Díaz Victor R. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the simulation in Simulink of the speed control of a three-phase induction motor using vector control technique specifically field oriented control (FOC), which makes use of the feedback of the speed and phase currents of the motor, the control processes this data and generates the pulses that command the activation of the switching devices of the three-phase inverter, which is in charge of supplying the power to the motor to obtain the desired speed. The control block is tuned based on the parameters of a 5 HP motor that is chosen from the simulink library, each of the steps is detailed and the entire process is illustrated to reach the final result. The system is tested to reach two different speeds and the simulation results show how this control works properly controlling the speed of rotation of the motor after having been tuned with the parameters corresponding to the motor model.
A predictor tuning by root multiplicity-induced dominance for position control of a quadrotor
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Rojas-Ricca Bryan , Castaños Fernando ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mondié Sabine ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

This article introduces an observer-predictor that estimates the position of a quadrotor with input delay. The predictor whose aim is to compensate the delay, is tuned using multiplicity-induced dominance of the roots of the linearized prediction error. The stability of the prediction error is analyzed using a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. Simulation results of the quadrotor in closed-loop with a control law feed with the predicted states are presented.
Continuous Model Predictive Control for the Direct Torque Control of a PM Synchronous Motor
Authors:   Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, González Sáenz F. , Sandre Hernández O. ,   Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ordaz Oliver J. P. ,   Autonomous University of Hidalgo State
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the application of the continuous model predictive control (C-MPC) for the direct torque control (DTC) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The C-MPC is designed for the direct regulation of the components of the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque of the PMSM. A linear state-space model based on a feedback linearization of the PMSM is used to formulate the controller. The control signals are applied to the PMSM via a power inverter through a pulse width modulator (PWM). The proposed controller is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the voltage applied to the motor is selected as the control input and restricted to the power inverter's linear region. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Analysis and evaluation of friction factor correlations for the determination of pressure drop through packed adsorption columns
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Ramos-Villegas C. A. , Luna-Solano G. ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Cantú-Lozano D. ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Urrea-García G. R. ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Leo Avelino G. ,   Centro de Tecnología Avanzada A.C., Gómez-Rodríguez J. ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz
Published: January 2023

The application of different pressure drop correlations for packed bed columns was evaluated in a solution algorithm for the dynamic adsorption process model. There were found differences in bed saturation time for the ethanol-water separation study case. Computational time required also shown significant differences between the correlations evaluated.
Real-time Accelerometer-Based Event Detection Through KNN Classification Method
Authors:   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Botín-Sanabria Diego M. , Ramíırez-Moreno Mauricio A. ,   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Lozoya-Santos Jorge de J. ,   Tecnológico de Monterrey
Published: January 2023

Real-time pattern and activity recognition techniques have experienced a recent surge in the use of advanced statistical techniques for analyzing data. More explicitly, Machine Learning classification methods have been used in a variety of applications and for different purposes, such as recognizing different types of events from accelerometer data (e.g. in smart watches, wearables, and vibration analysis). The objective of this work is to present a novel use of accelerometer-based pattern recognition techniques to detect the urban space infrastructure characteristics based on their effect on a vehicle’s body frame dynamics. For this study, we focus on detecting speed bumps, potholes and curves based on a real-time data streaming with the objective of rendering a street digitalization to automatically update an urban space Digital Twin. The present study has achieved real-time event detection for an urban trajectory with high accuracy which yields data that can be later fused with other sensors data. This approach is effectively contributing to the infrastructure layer of a multi-layered approach of digital modelling. Furthermore, the results contribute to expand the body of knowledge of real-time accelerometer event recognition techniques.
Integration of design and control for distillation columns through dynamic optimization
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana-Región Xalapa, Peréz-Gallegos Iván , Rivera Victor M. ,   Universidad Veracruzana-Región Xalapa, Hernandez-Martinez Eliseo ,   Universidad Veracruzana-Región Xalapa, Arroyo Claudio B. ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: January 2023

In this work, a methodology for the integration of design and control methods for distillation columns through dynamic optimization tools is proposed. For this, a dynamic model of the distillation column that can be adapted to different mixtures (binary and multicomponent) is established. The proposal focuses on defining an objective function to simultaneously maximize the performance in the mixture separation under the lowest energy consumption. The design variables (i.e., number of trays and feeding stage), as well as the controller parameters, are considered as decision variables. The results obtained show that it is possible to improve the overall performance of the distillation column, compared to traditional strategies.
Filsafat Pendidikan Al-Habib Alawy Al-Haddad
Authors: Bahar Rosid
Published: January 2023

Pada dasarnya, konsep pendidikan Islam memiliki pengertian yang sangat luas. Bahkan para ilmuwan pun memiliki konsep yang berbeda-beda. Namun, penulis menemukan konsep pendidikan islam yang menarik dari Al-Habib Abdullah bin Alwi Al-Haddad yang terdapat dalam kitab Nashoihud Diniyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengertian pendidikan islam, konsep ilmu dalam islam, dasar-dasar pendidikan islam dan tujuan pendidikan islam menurut Al-Habib Abdullah bin Alwi Al-Haddad serta bermanfaat secara teoritis dapat memperkaya teori-teori konsep pendidikan islam dan memberikan gambaran bagi seluruh komponen pendidikan terutama Pendidikan Islam dalam menerapkan konsep Pendidikian Islam secara menyeluruh.Kerangka pemikiran dalam penelitian ini meliputi konsep pendidikan Islam yang terdiri dari pengertian pendidikan islam, konsep ilmu dalam islam, dasar-dasar pendidikan islam dan tujuan pendidikan islam menurut Al-Habib Abdullah bin Alwi Al-Haddad yang terdapat dalam kitab Nashoihud Diniyah.Metode penelitiannya adalah studi pustaka. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik observasi dan studi pustaka. Sumber datanya berupa sumber data primer dan sekunder. Jenis datanya berupa data kualitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif analitik dengan langkah menginventarisir data, mengelompokan data sesuai tujuan dan rumusan masalah serta menarik kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsep pendidikan islam menurut Al-Habib Abdullah bin Alwi Al-Haddad dalam kitab Nashoihud Diniyah selaras dengan teori-teori yang diungkapkan oleh para pakar pendidikan islam baik dari segi pengertian, konsep ilmu, dasar-dasar pendidikan islam dan tujuan pendidikan islam.Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep pendidikan islam menurut Al-Habib Abdullah bin Alwi Al-Haddad dalam kitab Nashoihud Diniyah yang terdiri dari pengertian pendidikan islam yaitu proses mencari ilmu yang diwajibkan kepada setiap muslim sesuai dengan nilai-nilai islam demi tercapainya tujuan pendidikan islam yang hakiki, konsep ilmu dalam islam meliputi ilmu iman, ilmu islam dan ilmu ihsan, dasar-dasar pendidikan islam meliputi ayat qauliyah (Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah), ayat kauniyah (alam dan ciptaan Allah), ayat insaniyah (ijma), serta tujuan pendidikan islam yaitu terciptanya muslim yang takwa baik takwa duniawi maupun takwa ukhrawi.
Sholat Tahajud dan Kecerdasan Spiritual: Analisis Pengaruhnya Kepada Santri Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Fathiyyah di Pondok Pesantren Idrisiyah Tasikmalaya
Authors: Sofyan Ally
Published: January 2023

Upaya ibadah dalam rangka mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. sering dilakukan dengan perintah berulang-ulang agar timbul kesadaran untuk melakukan ibadah tersebut sebagai suatu keperluan dan kewajiban. Artikel ini membahas tentang shalat Tahajjud dan hubungannya dengan kecerdasan spiritual. Para santri kelas X di Madrasah Aliyah Fat Hiyyah Pondok Pesantren Idrisiyyah Tasikmalaya dijadikan sebagai objek kajian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan (field research) bersifat kuantitatif yang terdiri dari observasi, dokumen, wawancara dan angket. Pembahasan lebih banyak mengamati bagaimana pembiasaan shalat tahajud dan korelasinya dengan kecerdasan spiritual melalui data. Sedangkan analisis pengaruh pembiasaan shalat tahajud juga tak luput diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembiasaan shalat Tahajud santri kelas X Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Fat Hiyyah di pondok pesantren idrisiyyah dinilai cukup baik dalam sisi teknis pelaksanaannya dan implementasinya. Kolerasi variabel pembiasaan shalat tahajud terhadap kecerdasan spiritual santri X Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Fat Hiyyah di pondok pesantren idrisiyyah diperoleh nilai 40% dan sisanya 60% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain, seperti latar belakang santri, keluarga, lingkungan masyarakat, dan sebagainya.
ÜLKE TANITIMI: TACİKİSTAN
Authors: GAZEL Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Ülkenin resmi adı Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti’dir. Orta Asya’nın güneydoğusunda yer almaktadır. Denize kıyısı olmayan bir kara devletidir. Kuzeyde Kırgızistan, doğuda Çin, güneyde Afganistan ve kuzeybatıda Özbekistan ile sınır komşusudur. Yüzölçümü 143.100 km²’dir. Başlıca dağ zirveleri İsmail Samani, İbn Sina ve Korjenevskaya; vadileri Fergana, Gissar (Hisar), Yavansu; nehirleri Panc (Panj), Vahş, Bartang (Murgab); gölleri Karakul (Karaköl), Sarez, Zorkul (Zorköl)’dur. Su rezervleri açısından Orta Asya’nın birinci, Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu’nun ikinci devletidir. Başkenti ve aynı zamanda en büyük şehri Duşanbe’dir. Önde gelen diğer şehirleri; Hucend, Bohtar (Kurgantepe), Kulob (Kulab) ve İstarafşan’dır. Ülkenin resmi dili Tacikçe’dir. Türkçe ve Rusça, ülkede konuşulan diğer dillerdir. Güncel nüfusunun 9,8 milyon olduğu düşünülmektedir. 2010 verilerine göre, nüfusun %84,3’ünü Tacikler, %12,2’sini Özbekler, %0,8’ini Kırgızlar, %0,5’ini Ruslar, %2,2’sini diğer halklar oluşturmaktadır. Halkın %96,7’si Müslüman, %1,6’sı Hristiyan, 1,7’si ise diğer din ve inançlara mensuptur. Doğum oranı, dünya ortalamasının çok üzerindedir. 30 yaş altı nüfus, genel nüfusun %62’sini oluşturmaktadır. Nüfusun %73,8’i kırsalda; %26,2’si şehirlerde yaşamaktadır. Ülke, yarı başkanlık sistemi ile yönetilmektedir. Temsilciler Meclisi ve Milli Meclis, ülkenin iki yasama organını oluşturmaktadır. Yasama yetkisi, bu iki meclisin bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan Yüksek Meclise aittir. Cumhurbaşkanı İmamali Rahman; başbakan Kohir Rasulzoda (Kahir Resulzade)’dır. Sugd Bölgesi, Hatlon Bölgesi ve Dağlık Badahşan Özerk Bölgesi; ülkenin üç idari bölgesini oluşturmaktadır. Bunlar dışında, merkezi hükümetin doğrudan yönetimi altında bulunan Cumhuriyet İdaresi Altındaki Bölgeler bulunmaktadır. Ülkenin resmi para birimi Somoni (TJS)’dir. 2021 verilerine göre, GSYH 8,7 milyar dolar (Amerikan doları), büyüme %9,2, KBG 906 dolar, enflasyon %9, işsizlik % 7,7, ihracat 1,7 milyar dolar, ithalat 4,2 milyar dolar, dış ticaret açığı 2,5 milyar dolardır. Hizmet sektörü %38, sanayi sektörü %35,5, tarım sektörü %26,5 oranında GSYH payına sahiptir. İhracatının dörtte üçünü; altın ve mücevher, metal cevherleri ve pamuk ve pamuk ipliği oluşturmaktadır. İthalat ürünlerinin başında; enerji, makinalar ve otomotiv gelmektedir.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FIQH
Authors: Rusnawati
Published: January 2023

Audio visual media is one of the learning media that can be used by teachers in learning fiqh. Audio-visual media can be a tool or intermediary when the teacher explains fiqh materials. In addition to making it easier for teachers to explain, students can understand the material more quickly and easily. Based on this, the research objectives in this paper are to determine the meaning and purpose of using audio-visual media, to find out the various audio-visual media in fiqh learning, to determine strategies for using audio-visual media in fiqh learning and to determine the effect of using media audio-visual to improve understanding of fiqh learning. In this research, the writer uses library research method or literature review. From the results of the literature review, it was found that audio-visual media is a medium that is used as an intermediary to reach the concept of ideas and experiences so that they can be captured by the senses of sight and hearing. The purpose of using audio-visual media in learning fiqh is as a teaching aid that will affect the conditions and learning environment arranged by the teacher. To be able to generate learning motivation and improve understanding of fiqh learning and the effectiveness of the learning process in delivering lesson content. Various kinds of audio-visual media that can be used in learning fiqh include motion audio-visual media and silent audio-visual media. Motion audio-visual media includes sight, hearing, and movement, and displays elements of moving images such as sound films, television, video and motion pictures. The silent audio-visual media are in the form of sound films or live pictures and television which displays sound and still images such as sound, sound sequence films, sound prints. The strategy of using audio-visual media in learning fiqh can be done by the teacher in the classroom or outside the classroom. The two places can be varied according to the conditions and conditions at the time of the learning. Because the teacher's strategy in using audio-visual media will have a very good influence on increasing student interest, motivation and learning outcomes in fiqh learning.
Editorial
Authors: Langner Anke , Ritter Matthias
Published: January 2023

Editorial zur Ausgabe 1-2022
Barriers to Women’s Educational Empowerment in Pakistan: A Descriptive Content Analysis using an Intensive Literature Review
Authors: Zafar Maria , Zafar Saad , Hussain Zahid , Khursheed Bushra , Sajid Shafiq ur Rehman
Published: January 2023

Education tremendously impacts a woman's capacity to build relationships with others. Pakistan has one of the lowest schooling rates in South Asia, which limits its human resources and makes reforming the country more difficult. Patriarchal ideas heavily influence the societal structure in Pakistan. Education for young men is favored over education for young women. The Human Development Report lists Pakistan as having "low human advancement" The country's growth and prosperity depend on its educational system. So, this study aimed to analyze barriers to women’s educational empowerment in Pakistan. Subsequently, a descriptive content analysis was conducted through an intensive research review. Research shows that mentoring young women often yields more substantial income and benefit gains. A woman's ability to find well-paying work and support a healthy family can be significantly increased through education. Education is also greatly impacted by a girl or woman's capacity to stand up for other rights and grow in society. Pakistan's recent political unrest has affected education. This has a significant impact on education, especially for women.
Exploring Effect of Trust on the Agency Costs and Competitive Advantages in Credit Relationships between Banks and SMEs.
Authors: Rizwan Arshad , Akhtar Dr. Hameeda
Published: January 2023

The purpose of current investigation is to examine the effects of interpersonal and inter-organizational trust on agency costs and competitive advantages achieved by banks and small and medium-sized enterprises working in Pakistan. The moderating variable namely non-financial advisory service has been used to augment the credit relationships. For collection of primary data, dyadic questionnaires were distributed among branch managers and credit officers and SMEs. Some Interviews have been conducted. The research results provide evidence that interpersonal and inter-organizational trust tends to decrease agency costs increasing the quality of credit negotiations. This has further impact on reduced bank’s monitoring intensity enabling the stake holders to achieve competitive advantages. Non-financial advisory services further moderate significantly the credit relationships.
The impact of the crisis situation caused by the epidemic and pandemic (Covid 19) on corporate security
Authors: Marjanović Zoran , Mićović Marija
Published: January 2023

Events that pose a serious threat to the functioning and operation of a corporation, crises, require urgent decisions, rapid response of management, and then the employees of the corporation to mitigate and/ or avoid the consequences of a crisis situation. Crises caused by epidemics and/or pandemics can seriously disrupt the regular functioning of the state, life and work of citizens and corporations - their business, which was analyzed on the example of the coronavirus pandemic-COVID 19 in the Republic of Serbia. This requires immediate responses from corporate security to adapt to emerging and/or known threats, with the aim of protecting people and entrusted property. Serious crisis situations lead to corporate problems, very often of a socio-political nature, due to the effects of epidemics and pandemics. The problems of this kind require an urgent reaction of the state for the continued successful existence and work of the corporation. Large economic losses, losses of a large number of jobs can be partially mitigated by the timely reaction of the state, where the speed of reaction plays a very important role, along with quality crisis communication. Risk assessment as well as measures taken must be reviewed and controlled continuously and adjusted, if necessary, even on a daily basis, in order to be prepared even in cases of extreme unpredictability, including the butterfly effect. The program for the "day after the pandemic" is ready to be elaborated in detail and ready for implementation. Knowledge and ability are the only adequate weapons in opposing an unknown opponent.
Calculation of the boring bar design for static rigidity and strength with simultaneous boring of a stepped hole with further optimization
Authors: Karsakova Nurgul , Sherov Karibek , Donenbayev Bakytzhan , Abulkhairov Darmen , Sagynganova Indira , Usserbayev Muratbek , Teliman Irina , Sherov Aibek , Tussupbekova Gulim
Published: January 2023

A method for simultaneous processing of stepped holes in the bedding of a submersible pump and the boring bar design is proposed. The results of the study of existing methods for processing stepped holes and the design of boring tools are presented. It was revealed that the considered methods and designs of tools cannot be used for processing stepped holes in the submersible pump frame. The calculation of the developed design of the boring bar for static stiffness and strength, as well as the calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the cutting plates by the finite element method using the ANSYS program, was carried out. The purpose of calculating the boring bar for static stiffness is a finite element study of the radial displacement of the boring bar cutter plates in the process of machining a stepped hole. As a result, the value of deformation in the axial and radial directions, which occur at the top of the cutting plate, is established. Also, the values of the cantilever overhang of the boring cutters are established, under which the conditions for the static rigidity of the boring bar are met. Taking into account the obtained results, the boring bar design was optimized.
Electromechanical properties of self-sensing cement pastes polarized while fresh
Authors: Al-Qaralleh Mohammad
Published: January 2023

This work investigates the bulk resistivity, and the stress-strain relationship of polarized cement paste as indicators of its electromechanical properties. The polarizing of the cement paste specimens was achieved by applying a uniform direct current (DC) electric field through the fresh cement paste for 24 hours. A total of 24 specimens were prepared for this study, 7 of them were not cured under the effect of the DC electric field to serve as reference. 3 different electrical field values were utilized in this experiment, namely: 100 V.m-1, 200 V.m-1, and 500 V.m-1. 2 types of water were used for mixing the cement paste, namely: tap (T), and deionized (DI). The bulk resistivity values were measured in the direction parallel to the polarization, and the two other directions perpendicular to the polarization. The T water specimens were tested under uniaxial compression on the axis of polarization. The results show that the bulk resistivity of the specimens was increased as the curing electrical field increased. Mixing with T water also increased the bulk resistivity when compared to mixing with DI water. Polarizing the fresh cement paste has a significant effect on its mechanical properties such that the ultimate compressive strength decreased by 50%, and the failure strain increased by 500%. In addition, the polarized specimens showed some changes in its morphology when compared with the reference.
Application of retaining structures in rehabilitation of landslide on Stolice - Krupanj regional road
Authors: Cvetković Jovana , Živanović Nikola , Rončević Vukašin , Gajić Grozdana , Kabiljo Milan
Published: January 2023

Landslides can be triggered by different factors including changeable weather conditions, prolonged heavy rains, complex terrain, traffic loads, etc. This paper deals with the problem of landslide rehabilitation on the Stolice-Krupanj regional road that resulted from vehicle loads and soil saturated with water. The technical measures used in the rehabilitation of the landslide included a concrete retaining wall and a geogrid-reinforced soil structure. Based on data related to soil obtained from laboratory tests, slope stability before and after applying rehabilitation measures was tested in the GEO5 Geotechnical software. The stability of the concrete wall was examined analytically by calculating the factors of safety against toppling and horizontal displacement. Both technical measures of given physicalmechanical properties increased the stability of the slope.
Design and characterization of Tencel-based Seersucker fabrics
Authors: Kanberoğlu Emine , Asma Ayçin , Kadınkız Naz , Polat Ertuğrul , Uzun Muhammet
Published: January 2023

Seersucker fabric design features a new combination of fabric structures that can also be used in various yarns based on sustainable fibers. Such fabric structures attract attention mainly due to their comfort properties, as well as easy-care clothing. One of the most commonly used regenerated fibers is Tencel, which is also known as lyocell fiber. Tencel is produced by using eucalyptus trees. Tencel has a number of applications, such as denim fabrics, pants, t-shirts, silky underwear, etc. It is also important to note that Tencel fiber-based new design approaches based on Tencel fibers are gaining attention in the context of circular design thinking. In this study, the effect of the same blend ratio of Tencel on different puckering surface designs was used, and the key properties of the designed fabrics were tested and analyzed. The principal objective is to apply the properties of Tencel fibers to improve the structural comfort of seersucker fabrics. The manufacturing process of the designed fabrics was optimized after the initial tests with the settings of the loom and the number of warp and weft threads. After 30 different process combinations, 6 different fabrics were selected for production. The structural properties of the 6 different patterns were successfully standardized and their structural properties were examined.
Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for textile print analysis
Authors: Toshikj Emilija , Prangoski Bojan
Published: January 2023

Print mottle is a print defect. This print defect has great attention in print quality assessment. Print mottle is determined by the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). An important parameter in the GLCM processing is the direction angle of pixels in the digitalized print image. This research aimed to investigate the influence of the direction angle, which is an important input parameter in GLCM processing, on the output parameters, such as entropy, energy, contrast, correlation, and homogeneity. Hence, prints were generated in four different colors (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) on white polyester elastase fabric by sublimation printing. The non-uniformity of the print for each color was processed at different direction angles, such as 0° (horizontal), 90° (vertical), 45° (right-diagonal), and 135° (left-diagonal). Values for GLCM parameters obtained at different direction angles were slightly different regardless of print color. The choice of direction angle influenced the values of GLCM parameters. The average of all four directional angle values obtained for each GLCM parameter was taken. The GLCM processing method can be used for prints of different colors, patterns, and different quality levels to evaluate their print uniformity.
Application of the environmentally friendly technology for the removal of PCBs from mineral oils and power transformers to achieve very low values of PCBs for repair and materials recycling
Authors: Mihajlović Draginja , Janković Jelena , Vasović Valentina , Ivančević Vladimir , Lukić Jelena
Published: January 2023

The Republic of Serbia signed and ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Law on ratification of the Stockholm Convention was adopted and actions were defined through the National Implementation Plan and the Action Plan. On their basis Project Proper Management and Final Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) was created. Institute Nikola Tesla (INT) participated in the realization of the project. In the period from 2015 to 2022, 601 tons of PCB oil was successfully decontaminated by the INT mobile plant, i.e. the PCB content was below 50 mg/kg, which classified the power transformers (PT) as non-contaminated [1,2]. If PT becomes waste or in case of necessary repair or oil regeneration, the required limit value is 10 mg/kg. According to data from INT database there are still 2637 PTs containing PCBs in the concentration range of 2 to 50 mg/kg. In this paper application of the environmentally closed INT decontamination technology for achieving low values of PCB in the oil is shown.
Computer model analysis of dynamic performances of the excitation control system when the load angle limiter is active
Authors: Joksimović Dušan , Dragosavac Jasna , Veinović Slavko , Stojić Đorđe , Marinković Milan , Đorđević Milan
Published: January 2023

A load angle limiter was implemented as an additional function in the existing excitation system to enable the operation of the synchronous generator in the entire P-Q diagram according to the recommendation of the manufacturer of the unit B2 synchronous generator in the "Nikola Tesla B" TPP. The analysis of dynamic performance presented in this paper consists of determining the time responses and frequency characteristics of the excitation control system when the load angle limiter is active, based on which the values of the dynamic performance indexes were obtained. In addition, the paper also provides a brief description of the implementation of the limiter, as well as a description of the computer models used in the analysis.
Analysis of the possibility of a parallel resonant circuit in RHPP Bajina Bašta
Authors: Dilparić-Cakić Milica , Kovačević Branka
Published: January 2023

The pumps in RHPP Bajina Bašta are started via a static frequency converter (SFC). This resulted in increased level of higher harmonics within the RHPP. However, it was not known whether the operation of this SFP could endanger the consumers supplied from the mentioned RHPP via the distribution transformer. For this purpose, it is necessary to check the possibilities of the existence of a parallel resonant circuit, both in the RHPP itself, and in the part of the distribution network that was of interest. Analyzes were performed in the linear simulation model created in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software package. The simulation model was created so that it corresponds to the state of minimum load of the distribution area supplied by TS Metaljka. Also, several variants were analyzed in TS Đurići (depending on the number of motor engines in operation). The results show the existence of parallel resonant circuit in the vicinity of the 13th harmonic at the level of 10 kV busbars in TS Metaljka, while its existence was not identified at the transmission system busbar, which is in accordance with the measurements