bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment and inheritance of minichromosomes from Arabidopsis haploid induction
Authors: Tan Ek Han , Ordoñez Benny , Thondehaalmath Tejas , Seymour Danelle , Maloof Julin , Maruthachalam Ravi , Comai Luca
Published: January 2023

Minichromosomes are small, sometimes circular, rearranged chromosomes consisting of one centromere and short chromosomal arms, formed by treatments that break DNA, including plant transformation. Minichromosomes have the potential to serve as vectors to quickly move valuable genes across a wide range of germplasm, including into adapted crop varieties. To realize this potential, minichromosomes must be reliably generated, easily manipulated, and stably inherited. Here we show a reliable method for minichromosome formation in haploids resulting from CENH3-mediated genome elimination, a process that generates genome instability and karyotypic novelty specifically on one parental genome. First, we identified 2 out of 260 haploids each containing a single-copy, minichromosome originating from centromeric regions of chromosome 1 and 3 respectively. The chromosome 1 minichromosome we characterized did not pair at meiosis, but displayed consistent transmission over nine selfing generations. Next, we demonstrated that CENH3-based haploid induction can produce minichromosomes in a targeted manner. Haploid inducers carrying a selectable, pericentromeric marker were used to isolate additional chromosome-specific minichromosomes which occurred in 3 out of 163 haploids. Our findings document the formation of heritable, rearranged chromosomes and we provide a method for convenient minichromosome production.
Virtual Reality im modernen Englischunterricht und das Potenzial für Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen
Authors: Hein Rebecca , Steinbock Jeanine , Eisenmann Maria , Latoschik Marc Erich , Wienrich Carolin
Published: January 2023

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse des Seminarkonzepts und der durchgeführten Begleitforschung zum inter- und transkulturellen Lernen in Virtual Reality (VR). Im Rahmen eines Universitätsseminars entwarfen TEFL-Studierende (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) Unterrichtsstunden für fortgeschrittene Lernende des Faches Englisch der gymnasialen Oberstufe, die sich mit der Entwicklung von Empathie und der Fähigkeit zur Perspektivübernahme in interkulturellen Kommunikations- und Austauschsituationen befassten. Der Fokus des Konzepts lag dabei auf dem Verständnis und der Annahme kultureller Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede. Hier werden beispielhaft zwei der erstellten Unterrichtsentwürfe für VR Interventionen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Begleitend zum Seminar wurden empirische Daten erhoben. Zum einen wurde das Potenzial des InteractionSuitcase (eine Sammlung virtueller Objekte) von den Studierenden bewertet. Zum anderen wurde explorativ eine qualitative Methode zur Messung interkultureller Kompetenz (Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters) getestet. Die Ergebnisse dieser explorativen Pilotstudie zeigen, dass die Interaktion mit dem InteractionSuitcase von den Studierenden als intuitiv und gewinnbringend für die Konzeption von Unterrichtskonzepten bewertet wurde. Dennoch integrierten die Studierenden die Manipulation der virtuellen Avatare häufiger im Gegensatz zum InteractionSuitcase in die Unterrichtskonzepte. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, das Potenzial von VR für inter- und transkulturelles Lernen im gymnasialen Englischunterricht zu identifizieren.
Biyopolimer Katkılı Geosentetik Kil Örtülerde İçsel Erozyon ile Permitivite Tayini
Authors: ÖZHAN Hakkı Oral
Published: January 2023

Geosentetik kil örtü (GKÖ), düşük hidrolik iletkenliği sayesinde tatlı su rezervuarlarında kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılabilmektedir. GKÖ üzerinde birikebilecek yüksek seviyedeki su, GKÖ içerisindeki bentonitin geotekstillerin arasından sıyrılarak ani hidrolik iletkenlik artışıyla malzemenin kullanılamaz hale gelmesine neden olabilir. Bu etkileşime içsel erozyon denilmektedir. Bu çalışmada GKÖ’nün bentonit bileşenine sırasıyla ağırlıkça %0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 ve 10 oranlarında kitosan ile Na karboksimetil selüloz biyopolimerleri eklenerek üç eksenli hidrolik iletkenlik deneyleri yapılmıştır. GKÖ içerisinde Na ve Ca içerikli iki farklı bentonit kullanılmış olup içsel erozyonu gözlemleyebilmek için GKÖ’ler, dane boyutu 37.5 mm olan iri daneli yuvarlak çakılların üzerine serilerek yüksek hidrolik yükler altında test edilmişlerdir. Bu koşul, karşılaşılabilecek en kötü senaryolardan birini temsil etmektedir. Deney sonuçlarına göre 10 m’lik hidrolik yük altında test edilen bütün GKÖ’lerde içsel erozyon gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca içsel erozyondan hemen önce ölçülen permitivite değerleri karşılaştırılarak kullanılan biyopolimerlerin, GKÖ’lerin hidrolik performansını ne ölçüde değiştirdiği araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre GKÖ’lerdeki bentonite %1 kitosan ve %2 selüloz eklenmesi, GKÖ’lerin permitivitesini 2 mertebeden daha yüksek oranda azaltmıştır. Böylelikle çevre dostu, organik katkı malzemesi olan iki farklı biyopolimerin çevre geotekniği uygulamalarında kaplama malzemesinin hidrolik iletkenliğini azaltmasına bağlı olarak bariyer amaçlı kullanımı teşvik edilebilecektir.
Magmatic degassing controlled the metal budget of the Axi epithermal gold deposit, China
Authors: Li Nuo , Zhang Bo , Ulrich Thomas , Williams-Jones A.E. , Chen Yanjing
Published: January 2023

From integrated textural and compositional studies of auriferous and barren pyrite/marcasite in the epithermal Axi gold deposit, China, we have identified a relationship between multiple gold mineralizing events, mafic magma recharge, and fluid-rock reactions. Three generations of pyrite (Py1–3) and four generations of marcasite (Mar1–4) record episodic gold mineralizing events, followed by silver-copper-lead-zinc-cadmium enrichment. The gold mineralizing events are recorded by high concentrations of subnanometer-sized gold in Py1, Py3, and Mar3 (max. = 147, 129, and 34 ppm, med. = 39, 34, and 12 ppm). Based on previous Re-Os age determinations of pyrite and U-Pb zircon ages of the andesitic wallrock, these gold events slightly postdate pulsed mafic magma recharge and represent the incursion of Au-As-S-rich magmatic volatiles into circulating meteoric water. Silver-Cu-Pb-Zn-Cd enrichment in Py2, Mar2, and Mar4 are consistent with quiescent degassing and gradual Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-Cd enrichment in an evolved felsic magma. Barren Mar1 records the dominance of meteoric water and a limited magmatic fluid contribution. High-Co-Ni-V-Cr-Ti contents in porous cores of Py1 and Mar2 are attributed to wall rock alteration and dissolution-reprecipitation. The results provide convincing evidence that the metal budget (especially for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb) of the hydrothermal fluids and sulfides in epithermal systems are controlled by the influx of magmatic fluids and associated magma, whereas the enrichment of certain fluid-immobile elements, such as Co, Ni, V, Cr, and Ti, is caused in part by fluid-rock interaction.
Combining Fluorescent Quantum Dots with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Screening of both Emerging and Classical Environmental Pollutants: A Review
Authors: Zeb Shakeel , Villa Javier , Wong Ademar , Khan Sabir , Hussain Sajjad , Sotomayor Maria
Published: January 2023

Emerging and classical pollutants, such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and heavy metals derived from human activity, currently pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Despite the grave danger posed by these pollutants, there is still no adequate monitoring of their presence in the environment. The regular determination of these contaminants in the environment can play a crucial role in the protection of human health and the preservation of ecosystems. New analytical techniques allow the reproducible quantification of analytes at very low concentration levels. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), with selective recognition, have also been combined with quantum dots (QDs) and suggested as valuable materials in the construction of optical sensors. Several strategies have been proposed for the selective detection of these pollutants in recent years. Rather than employing expensive, time-consuming standard analytical methods, fluorescent quantum dots coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers can be used for developing simple, rapid and highly selective analytical methods for the detection of these pollutants. This review presents a brief discussion on the application of tailor-made polymeric materials in tandem with quantum dots for the rational construction of efficient sensors capable of determining the presence of these pollutants in aquatic environments.
EVALUATION OF RELEVANCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF A MULTIMODAL SCIENTIFIC TEXT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nefedov Sergey T.
Published: January 2023

This article studies semiotic resources for expressing the evaluation of relevance in the framework of research practice. The analysis is carried out using a set of German linguistic articles. The central question is the use of linguistic and visual-graphic means in the semiosis of the evaluation of relevance. The methodological basis of the analysis is set by the theoretical guidelines of interactional sociolinguistics, linguistic semiotics, social semiotics and metapragmatics which defend the basic theses about the fundamental multimodality of any text and social conditioning of textual meanings by the goals and sociocultural context of the communicative practice. The article for the first time presents and systematizes the corpus data on graphic design used in a research article; the role of the visuality in creating the evaluative meaning of relevance; three main options for coding the evaluation of relevance are identified and described: linguistic, visual-graphic and mixed. In the context of a scientific research situation, both a separate application of semiotic modes of a verbal code and their interaction in the structure of a multimodal scientific text are analyzed. In terms of integration, contrast, and double coding, the semantic relations between linguistic and visual-graphic modes are categorized, as well as the relationship of each of the modes with the basic verbal code. The presented results of the analysis contribute to the theoretical understanding of how a researcher verbalizes, and a recipient interprets the evaluation of relevance in the multimodal semiotic environment of a textual whole.
CHESS NOTATION IN A POLYCODE TEXT (BASED ON THE GERMAN LANGUAGE)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Filippov Andrei K.
Published: January 2023

Chess literature is a type of specialized literature with its own metalanguage and tradition of presenting material. The study focuses on the structure of works by Z.Tarrasch and A.Nimzowitsch, which can be viewed as multimodal polycode texts, combining natural language with chess notation, a symbolic system used to record the moves of a chess game. In addition to notation, symbols for evaluating moves play an important role in the texts in question, as well as verbal commentaries explaining what is happening on the board and diagrams visualizing the position on the board at a certain moment in the game. If a fragment of a chess game is presented, the diagram serves as an indication of the initial arrangement of pieces. Thus, the subsequent symbolic notation of moves becomes meaningful only in connection with the diagram. In other cases, the diagrams focus the reader’s attention on the key points of a game. In the digital world, new means for presenting chess games and comments are used. In the e-versions of the books in question, the reader can play the moves of a game on a digital board. At the same time, the structure of the source text undergoes changes: it is divided into blocks, the elements of the notation are presented as hyperlinks, font changes are used, and structural elements are added. In some cases, the specifics of the text requires its additional adaptation to the electronic format.
SYSTEM-LINGUISTIC AND EXTRALINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS EXPRESSION IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE INTERNET MEMES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Voronovskaja Inna A.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with German-language Internet memes, which are an actual unit of Internet communication. The possibilities of definition within the framework of various approaches are briefly outlined, typology of Internet memes, as well as their functions. Multimodal verbal-visual static memes addressed to the student audience are the focus of attention. The study was based on materials from the social networks and Internet pages, which were selected by the method of continuous sampling on relevant topics. The addressee determines the choice of topics and the features of their interpretation, which allows considering the Internet meme as a precedent unit with a certain cultural and national connotation. Using both template macros, memes that are found on almost any aspect of student issues, and single-individual macros, the Internet meme gets its distribution, which is facilitated by its ability to evoke an emotional reaction in recipients. The integrity of the meme is made up of content and formal characteristics, the combination of verbal and visual components forms the communicative and pragmatic potential of the meme. This is largely facilitated by means of expressiveness at different levels of the language — morphological, grammatical, syntactic, graphemic. The target audience and discourse largely determine the choice of means used. The analysis showed that at the graphic level, the set of tools is rather limited, while at the level of vocabulary and syntax, a fairly diverse repertoire is used. In most of the examples considered, the visual and verbal components of the meme are in a symbiotic relationship. If, when using a template macro, the picture turns out to be recognizable and decontextualized in each specific situation, then in the case of single-individual macros, interpretation without a verbal component can be difficult. An Internet meme as a holistic artifact has an impact on the recipient, thus realizing its various functions.
THE PERSUASIVE POTENTIAL OF MULTIMODALITY IN GERMAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Goncharova Evgenia A.
Published: January 2023

The article aims at studying the features of the simultaneous and complementary interaction of verbal and non-verbal means in German political communication and the scientific description of multimodality as a characteristic discourse-style sign of politics. The methodology of the presented study is based on a holistic approach to language as the essential part of human cognitive-communicative actions, which always involves paraverbal and non-verbal forms of providing and/or obtaining information and communicating with others. The method of scientific analysis uses induction and deduction and suprasegmental and contextual analysis. The material for interpretation is political texts and communicative situations from the political life of modern Germany. Based on the agonicity and theatricality as systemic-forming features of political discourse, the author interprets certain types of interaction between politicians’ speech and such culturally dependent semiotic signs as visual color symbols and linguocolor secondary nominations, paralinguistic signals, details of the appearance of the speech subject, various forms of “body language”, etc. The discursively determined functions of polymodal communicative means are established: information function, attention-attracting function, identifying function, function of practical argumentation and emotional-associative influence. With the help of numerous examples, the assumption that communicative theatrical tactics accompanying the politician’s speech and based on paralinguistic, visual, kinesic and proxemic signals form not least the image of the politician, which includes not only his speech features but also the skillfully played individual psychological peculiarities, as well as the characteristics of the personal appearance and behavior developed with the help of political technologists and imagemakers. The cumulative combination of verbal and non-verbal communicative means with the charismatic behavior of a politician significantly increases the persuasive potential of public speeches and actions of political figures.
MULTIMODALITY OF OSTALGIA LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS ABOUT THE GDR
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zhiliuk Sergei A.
Published: January 2023

Ostalgie, positive thinking about the former GDR, has been studied by literary theorists and critics who deal with the fiction by authors born in the GDR. The present article addresses multimodality of memoires: the language which Instagram* users speak when talking about Eastern Germany. Topic significance is justified by the continued search for self-identification by many Germans who turn to their past years. Methods used for the study include usual linguistic ones: continuous sampling, componential analysis, description, and comparison. Some of the accounts about the GDR are studied in the present article. It focuses on the comments of followers who share their experiences and minds about what they see. Emojis play important role in the expression of their feelings and opinions. There are four semantical types of comments. Two of them are a direct response to the image or authors’ descriptions (evaluation of what is seen or read), the other two are a recollection and a comparing recollection when a user compares life today to that in the GDR with the latter seeming to be better than now. The most popular lexical units used by commenters are Zeit, Heimat, friedlich, ruhig, schön, gut, vermissen reflecting the most important and positive aspects for the Eastern Germans. They include an explicit evaluation (friedlich, ruhig, schön, gut) and an implicit one (Zeit, Heimat). The word Zeit is of high significance and marks positive evaluation of the past (sehr schön das war unsere Zeit; waren keine schlechten Zeiten). These features demonstrate a positive attitude by users from the former GDR towards the past time and not towards the state itself; they evaluate not the country but their own historical experience full of positive aspects.
GERMAN-BASED INTERNET LINGUISTICS: HISTORY REVIEW AND MODERN TRENDS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Jesan Irina J. , Kovtunova Elena A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on a new linguistic discipline called Internet linguistics, reveals historical aspects of its formation, and summarizes research strategies in modern linguistic studies in German-speaking countries. The article provides a brief overview of the main studies on Internet-linguistics by German-speaking researchers from the late 1980s to the present. Research analysis evaluates important terminological aspects: debates around key concepts and objects of study. With the invention of the Internet and rapid progress made in digital media, forms of social interaction were significantly impacted, along with related tendencies of development of the modern German language. The analysis highlights a contribution of German-speaking academic researchers to the debate on the possibility of distinguishing a special language of the Internet and language criticism on the Internet. The article presents the studies addressing the topic focus on linguistic innovations on the Internet and the pragmatic potential of the linguistic phenomena typical for the modern German language. The article briefly describes the research approaches to the problems of new media and new forms of communication in the digital world (SMS text messages, chat rooms, blogs, tweets, etc.), multimodal Internet phenomena (emoji, memes), standards and rules of online behavior (Netiquette). Contemporary studies forced a new viewpoint on some concepts from related disciplines such as “code-switching”, conceptual oralness and conceptual writing, proximity language and distance language. The necessary part of the article deals with the discursive and applied aspects of the Internet linguistics, such as creation of the Internet corpora, launching international projects, etc.
MULTIMODAL TEXT TYPE MESSAGE IN THE TELEGRAM MESSENGER (BASED ON THE CHANNEL OF THE GERMAN PARTY AFD)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Manerova Kristina V. , Manerov Robert V. ,   St Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia
Published: January 2023

Multimodality is a central property of modern communication spaces, presented in the form of websites, web channels, and messengers, where the user encounters written and spoken speech, sound, and image in their combination. By decoding information in a multimedia message, the user encounters elements of different modalities, coming through different forms of perception: iconic (textual), auditory and visual. The steps in decoding the elements of the modalities are reading the text typed in a large header, visualizing the pictures, recognizing the text format and font, and reading the content of the message. Elements of modalities, except sound, can be arranged in the communication space in a certain order to ensure the visibility of the message and increase the information content of the messages, e. g.: the image in a cohesive combination with text, using different types of typographic fonts, colors and symbols. Multimodality is the media backbone of the German channel of political party AfD, with more than 19,000 subscribers in the messenger Telegram. The corpus of examples is compiled from 310 messages between January and December 2021. Messages in Telegram are a multimodal text type. Most of the messages are direct critical against the policies pursued by the German parties in the government. The article considers the peculiarities of the use of lexical means (emotive vocabulary, metaphors, lexicon, slogan, formality) and pragma-stylistic means (exclamatives, rhetorical questions) in combination with the image in multimodal messages in the German-language channel of the political party AfD — Im Brennpunkt
GRAPHIC SYMBOLISM AND VERBAL CONTEXT (BASED ON GERMAN SPECIALIZED TEXTS OF THE 17th–18th CENTURIES)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Filippov Konstantin A.
Published: January 2023

Modern linguistic analysis of speech works has to take into account the multi-channel functioning of human communication. German written specialized texts of the Enlightenment (17th to 18th centuries) are characterized by the authors’ desire for a visual representation of knowledge. Therefore, the study of visual components andtheir role in the transfer of special knowledge and techniques for practical actions, is becoming relevant and of great importance. The material of the study was three texts on agriculture: Stratagema Oeconomicum, Oder Akker-Student by S.Gubertus; HausFeld-Artzey-Koch-Kunst- und Wunder-Buch by I.Thieme; and Oeconomus Prudens et Legalis, oder Allgemeiner Klug- und Rechts-verständiger Haus-Vatter by F.Florin. The purpose of the study is to provide a linguistic analysis of the ways in which graphic/visual components are integrated into a verbal context. In the course of the study, visual components of the books’ title pages were identified and described, and ways of introducing graphic and visual elements into the text were analyzed. The graphic elements are integrated either directly into the text or through various schemes and drawings with a title and description. The most illustrative way of conveying special knowledge in the practical field of activity is a combination of graphic symbols and a visual image of an object with a verbal explanation of the object’s structure. The integration of visual representation into the verbal context in conjunction with other components of the message makes it possible to fully and adequately explain the structure and functional purpose of the object.
GERMAN STAMMBAUM ‘FAMILY TREE’ — A MULTIMODAL WORD HISTORY
Authors:   Friedrich-Schiller-University, Bock Bettina
Published: January 2023

The paper deals with the concept of family tree and the German word Stammbaum. The concept is placed in the larger context of the plant-human metaphor. This metaphor is already found in the Ancient Near East in the Sumerian cosmogony. It is also known from the Bible. And it is deeply rooted in Indo-Europeania and can be traced through reconstructed Proto-Indo-European, Greek and Latin mythology, or Germanic and Slavic wood idols. The article compiles the frequently cited Latin texts passages on the topic and can add an early evidence for a “tree of kinship”. The oldest attestation dates back to the time around 650, but this is probably an isolated evidence, even though Isidore of Seville describes a stemma (the Roman genealogical table) with ramusculi ‘little branch’ in his Etymologiae. There is no need to conclude that this was a tree, even if the modern “tree of kinship” this suggests. Rather, art historical studies have shown that between the 9th and 12th centuries various forms of representation for the concept of family tree were tested, and that around 1200 the familiar family tree was estabablished as the form we know now as the only one. A first linguistic testimony is found in Albertus Magnus. Together with the early family trees of Carolingians and Guelphs, the thesis is developed, against the background of the deep anchoring of the plant-human metaphor in Germanic, that the family tree takes up these old ideas, too, and that the sound similarity of stemma and German Stamm supported to the word formation German Stammbaum.
Long-term hydrological simulation for the estimation of snowmelt contribution of Alaknanda River Basin, Uttarakhand using SWAT
Authors: Rautela Kuldeep Singh , Kumar Dilip , Gandhi Bandaru Goutham Rajeev , Kumar Ajay , Dubey Amit Kumar
Published: January 2023

A large population depends on water resources generated due to runoff from Himalayan River basins. They provide enough water for drinking, domestic, industrial, and irrigation. Also, these rivers have a high hydropower potential. A lack of in-depth studies has made it difficult to understand how these rivers respond hydrologically to climate change (CC) and, thus, impact the environment. In this paper, Alaknanda River Basin (ARB) has been modelled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to understand the hydrological response and assess its water balance components. The result shows that the basin's water yield and evapotranspiration (ET) vary from 58–63% and 34–39% of total precipitation. The average annual contribution of snowmelt to the total riverine flow will range from 20–24% throughout the simulation period. SFTMP, TLAPS, SMTMP, CN2, SMFMX, and GW_DELAY is found to be most sensitive at the significance level of less than 0.05, showing the contribution of the snowmelt is significant in streamflow, while delay in the groundwater will affect the contribution of surface runoff and groundwater in the streamflow. Based on the results, it is highly recommended that the spatial and temporal hydro-meteorological should be investigated in-depth to find out the actual water potential of the basin.
Tertiary treatment of coke-oven wastewater using suspended and immobilized whole live cells of constructed bacterial–microalgal consortium: modeling and optimization using ANN–GA hybrid methodology
Authors: Rai Abhilasha , Bishayee Bhaskar , Dey Annasha , Kumar Abhay , Lahiri Sandip Kumar , Chakrabarty Jitamanyu , Dutta Susmita
Published: January 2023

Coke-oven wastewater (CW), containing an array of toxic pollutants above permissible limits even after conventional primary and secondary treatment, needs a tertiary (polishing) step to meet the statutory limit. In the present study, a suitable bacterial–microalgal consortium (Culture C) was constructed using bacterial (Culture B: Bacillus sp. NITD 19) and microalgal (Culture A: a consortium of Chlorella sp. and Synechococcus sp.) cultures at different ratios (v/v) and the potential of these cultures for tertiary treatment of CW was assessed. Culture C4 (Culture B:Culture A = 1:4) with inoculum size: 10% (v/v) was selected for the treatment of wastewater since the maximum growth (3.08 ± 0.57 g/L) and maximum chlorophyll content (4.05 ± 0.66 mg/L) were achieved for such culture in PLE-enriched BG-11 medium. During treatment of real secondary treated coke-oven effluent using Culture C4 in a closed photobioreactor, the removal of phenol (80.32 ± 2.76%), ammonium ions (47.85 ± 1.83%), fluoride (65.0 ± 4.12%), and nitrate (39.45 ± 3.42%) was observed after 24 h. In a packed bed bioreactor containing immobilized C4 culture, the maximum removal was obtained at the lowest flow rate (20 mL/h) and highest column bed height (20 cm). Artificial intelligence-based techniques were used for modeling and optimization of the process.
The formation features of supercritical steam-water jets (review)
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics, UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Bolotnova R.Kh. , Korobchinskaya V.A. ,   Bashkir Sate University, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2023

The review of works on study of dynamics formation of water fluid jet of supercritical parameters outflowing from a high-pressure chamber through a thin nozzle has been carried out. The system of model equations describing the dynamics of outflow processes in both single-phase and multiphase gas-vapor-liquid media is considered. It based on the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy of phases in accordance with single-pressure, single-speed and two-temperature approximations with the allowance for contact-type heat transfer and mass transfer for evaporation and condensation under equilibrium conditions. The numerical realization of model representations is carried out by the method of movable Lagrangian grids and using modified solvers of the OpenFOAM package. The analysis of the features initial stage of the formation of a steam-water jet at outflow through a thin nozzle is given based on the results of numerical simulation by the Lagrangian method in the case of a two-dimensional axisymmetric formulation. The problems about the study of the evolution a forming jet during the outflow of a single-phase flow of water-steam and a boiling jet of supercritical state parameters are considered, by the numerical realization in the OpenFOAM package. The features the formation of Mach disk, accompanied by the appearance of a cavity inside the jet, are noted. It is shown that during the outflow of a boiling steam-water jet, the vortex zones are formed near the axis of symmetry and periodic pulsations of pressure and mass velocity are generated, which subsequently lead to acoustic oscillations preceding the main jet flow observed in experiments. The justification of reliability the applied numerical method realized by the new OpenFOAM solvers is given on the example of comparing numerical and analytical solutions to L.I. Sedov’s problem of a point explosion in two-phase gas-drop mixture and comparing the results of numerical solution and experimental photography of supersonic nitrogen jet outflowing through cylindrical nozzle from high-pressure vessel.
The main tasks of group analysis of differential equations of mechanics
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Khabirov S.V.
Published: January 2023

Group analysis of differential equations uses the Lie theory of correspondence between continuous transformation groups and Lie algebras of first-order differentiation operators. Differential equations of mechanics necessarily admit an extensive group of transformations. Lie theory studies the structure of the algebra of this group. The group analysis of the equations of mechanics uses the structure of the admissible algebra to produce submodels and exact solutions, to study the boundary value problems of submodels and the behavior of the mechanical medium for exact solutions. The main tasks of group analysis are formulated and simple examples of their solutions are given.
Review of research solid mechanics laboratory for 2020–2022
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Shakir’yanov M.M.
Published: January 2023

The article presents an overview of the research of the Laboratory of Solid Mechanics IMech UFRS RAS for 2020-2022. All studies were published as articles (there are two exceptions in the list of references, registered in the Register of Computer Programs) in well-known domestic and (or) foreign scientific journals on mechanics. During the three years under consideration, a number of new problems of aerohydroelasticity were solved and important results were obtained on the dynamic behavior of thin-walled structural elements interacting with external and internal continuous media. In particular, the linear bending of a cantilever rod loaded with all-round pressure and longitudinal force is considered in static and dynamic formulations. The areas of attraction of the deflection to the upper and lower equilibrium positions of a two-support pipe during its spatial bending-rotational vibrations are determined. The interaction of forced and parametric vibrations of the pipeline has been studied. The influence of the internal and external added masses of continuous media on the frequency of natural vibrations of a pipe moving with acceleration in the transverse direction is studied. The eigenfrequencies of bending vibrations of a micro- and nanometer-sized rod clamped at the ends are calculated. From the solution of the inverse problem for the changed values of natural frequencies, the coordinate and magnitude of the added mass are found. Linear oscillations of micro- and nanostrings are also considered when the pressure in a gaseous medium changes, taking into account surface effects. Using a model of molecular dynamics with a reduced number of degrees of freedom, the eigenfrequencies of bending vibrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different diameters are calculated under conditions of a plane-deformed state. In addition, part of the work was devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the ascent of an underwater gas pipeline and the determination of its buoyancy parameters. The scientific articles presented in this review are arranged in chronological order. For all articles, their summary is given and the main conclusions are formulated.
Synthesis of new microfluidics models in the research in the “Robotics and Control in Technical Systems” laboratory
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Darintsev O.V.
Published: January 2023

Robotics is an interdisciplinary scientific direction, therefore, when solving a number of problems, it becomes necessary to conduct research that is typical for other areas of science. So, when synthesizing new types of equipment in the „Robotics and Control in Technical Systems” laboratory, more accurate characteristics of individual components and assemblies were required, which ultimately led to a whole cycle of work on microfluidics. Of particular interest in the work performed is the development of new microdevices, since this involves the construction of a single complex of new mathematical and computer models that link hydrodynamics, elasticity theory, heat transfer process, parametric optimization and control theory. The first models were obtained that describe the movement of a piston fixed by an elastic spring in a pipe, taking into account the influence of dry viscous types of friction. By the method of factorial computational experiment, analytical dependencies were obtained for the main part of the fuel dosing unit — servo piston. Next, mathematical and computer models were built to analyze the fluid flow through a channel with variable geometry. Based on the simulation results, the design of a new micromechanical device — a piezoelectric micropump consisting of an elastic tube and annular piezoelements located on it, the sequential oscillation of which creates a non-zero average fluid flow, was refined. In the course of the adaptation of the model, an effective design of the device for smoothing fluid flow pulsations was obtained. These devices were developed and calculated for use in the liquid cooling system of capillary microgripper. A parametric analysis of the process of cooling the hot side of the Peltier element of the microgripper was carried out with a change in the following gripper parameters: the size and shape of the radiator, the coolant flow rate and the heat transfer coefficient. The results of the analysis of temperature fluctuations of the radiator under unsteady fluid flow confirmed the expected dependences of the cooling efficiency on the chosen geometry of the radiator and low-frequency fluid flow fluctuations.
Diversidade biológica e cultural na formação de professores de biologia
Authors: Santos Isabela Mayara dos , Pagan Alice Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Neste trabalho, objetivamos discutir, qualitativamente, possíveis associações entre diversidade biológica e diversidade cultural na formação de professores de biologia. Essas reflexões podem ampliar o entendimento das relações entre sociedade e natureza, bem como a construção de currículos para a licenciatura em biologia. Abordamos, algumas perspectivas ecológicas de biodiversidade e diversidade cultural; nesta, demarcamos as percepções das singularidades individuais e coletivas como possível descritor de perfil sociocultural contemporâneo. Buscando aproximar as diversidades, apresentamos as abordagens biocultural e biocêntrica, e a possibilidade de inserção de elementos integradores, desintegradores, biocêntricos e antropocêntricos para análise das percepções de licenciandos. Concluímos que o reconhecimento das relações entre particularidades/coletividades e as temáticas relacionadas à variabilidade dos seres vivos auxilia no processo de emancipação social do professor/professora em formação. Ademais, consideramos que uma abordagem biocêntrica, baseada na equidade, possibilita o reconhecimento das alteridades interespecíficas dos seres vivos, proporcionando a (re)conexão, a (re)integração e a convivência diplomática.
Parceria entre os setores público e privado como política educacional
Authors: Gonzalez Wania Regina Coutinho , Ávila Elaine Rodrigues de
Published: January 2023

No contexto político-educacional neoliberal, as parcerias fazem parte das relações entre o setor público e o privado. Algumas delas articulam a educação formal e a educação não formal, trazendo para a Educação Básica propostas educativas de diferentes organizações sociais. O objetivo do artigo é analisar as articulações entre organizações sociais e escolas públicas no estado do Rio de Janeiro e do Maranhão, partindo de quatro pesquisas acadêmicas realizadas com docentes, discentes e gestores entre os anos de 2013 e 2021. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que dialoga com a reflexões sobre articulações dos espaços formativos de Maria Gohn e Jaume Trilla e com as críticas às políticas educacionais contemporâneas de Stephen Ball. Observou-se aspectos limitadores das parcerias: número reduzido de alunos participantes e materiais didáticos inadequados; como potencialidades, a melhoria no desempenho escolar e o desenvolvimento de laços de afetividade pelos envolvidos nas ações educativas.
Ketorolac Tromethamine Loaded Nano-Spray Dried Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, Cell Viability, COL1A1 Gene Simulation and Determination of Anti-inflammatory Activity by In vivo HET-CAM Assay
Authors: Öztürk A.A. , Çevikelli T. , Tilki E.K. , Güven U.M. , Kıyan H.T.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Ketorolac tromethamine (KT) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug from the heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives family. The most widely used new nanotechnological approaches for topical drug delivery are polymeric nanoparticles (NPs).

Objective:

Successful results have been obtained with low doses in many treatments, such as cancer, antimicrobial, pain, made with nanoparticle formulations of drug active ingredients.

Methods:

NPs were prepared using Nano Spray-Dryer. The cytotoxicity of the optimum formulation in BJ (ATCC® CRL-2522™) human fibroblast cells was determined by the WST- 1 method and the gene activity was elucidated by mRNA isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in vivo HET- CAM assay was performed for anti-inflammatory activity.

Results:

NPs presented PDI values lower than 0.5, and therefore particle size distribution was decided to be monodisperse. Positive zeta potential values of NPs highlighted the presence of the cationic ammonium group of Eudragit® RS 100. The release rates observed from KT-NP coded formulations after 24 hours were 78.4%±2.9, demonstrating extended release from all formulations, relative to pure KT. The lowest concentration of KT-NP increased fibroblast cell proliferation higher than the highest concentration of KT. The 5-fold increased effect of KT-NP formulation on collagen gene expression compared to KT is also related to the enhanced anti-inflammatory effect in line with the in vivo HET-CAM assay results.

Conclusion:

With the obtained cell viability, gene expression, and HET-CAM results, it has the hope of a successful nano-topical formulation, especially in both wound healing and anti-inflammatory treatment.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation,
and Pain Behavior in Neuropathic Rats
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Darroudi Majid , Sadeghi Mahmood , Vafaee Farzaneh , Moghadam Omid Fakharzadeh , Mashhad Negar Moghaddas , Ghazavi Hamed , Khorrami Mohammad Bagher
Published: January 2023

Background:

Neuropathic pain originating from a dysfunction in the nervous system is
often intractable and chronic. Recently, several studies using nanoparticles suggested a new way to
control neuropathic pain. This study intended to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of Cerium
Oxide Nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by pullulan in neuropathic pain in rats.

Methods:

On the right common sciatic nerve of male Wistar rats, the chronic constriction injury
(CCI) procedure was used to establish a neuropathic pain model. CNPs were injected into the caudal
vein of the rat. Behavioral methods were used to detect mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia,
and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Besides, inflammation factors, including tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, nitric oxide (NO), and markers of oxidative stress, including
Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol, were measured in the spinal cord segment of rats.

Results:

In rats with CCI, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia developed,
which improved when the rats were administered CNPs. Spinal cord specimens of CCI rats
had elevated inflammation and oxidative stress status (↑IL-1β, ↑TNF-α, ↑NO, ↑MDA) and decreased
antioxidative levels (↓total thiol). As a result of CNPs treatment, these changes were reversed
in the spinal cord specimens.

Conclusion:

CNPs alleviate neuropathic pain by exhibiting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory
activities.
Availability, Functionality, and Safety as well as Quality Control of
Hepatocytes as Seeding Cells in Liver Regenerative Medicine: State of the
Art and Challenges
Authors: Lian Run-Tong , Zhuang An-Qi , Yue Jing , Chen Yan , Ma Kui-Fen , Wu Yi-Hang
Published: January 2023

Hepatic disease is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and has become a global
health problem. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment strategy for patients with hepatic
function failure, but the insufficient number of donated healthy livers is the main obstacle limiting this
process. To alleviate the demand for donor's livers, alternative approaches are being actively explored
using liver tissue engineering principles. Liver tissue engineering consists of three elements, including
seeding cells, extracellular matrix, and bioreactors. Among them, seeding cell is the most key factor. In
this regard, hepatocyte-based tissue engineering can overcome the above shortages for tissue repair and
regeneration in hepatic disorders. Primary human hepatocytes in liver regenerative medicine are the most
preferred seeding cells, although limited access to a sufficient number of functional hepatocytes are a
major issue due to the difficulties in long-term function maintenance of hepatocyte as well as the lack of
availability of healthy donors. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), derived from various stem cells, including
non-liver-derived stem cells and liver-derived stem cells, as well as trans-differentiation of other cell
types, may provide adequate cell sources and could replace primary human hepatocytes as seeding cells.
However, it is still a great difficulty that HLCs generated by stem cell differentiation meet the quality
required for clinical therapy. Furthermore, none of the standardized protocols to generate high-quality
HLCs is available. Whether primary hepatocytes or HLCs are from various sources, preventing the functional
deterioration of hepatocytes or generating fully functional hepatocytes is also a big challenge, respectively.
In addition, the adoptions of three-dimensional co-culture systems and some small-molecule
compounds contribute to maintaining the hepatic functionality of primary hepatocytes and enhancing the
liver-specific functions of HLCs. In short, hepatocyte-based liver regenerative medicine is an attractive
alternative strategy for liver diseases, notwithstanding some challenges still exist from bench to bedside.
This review summarizes the current status, issues, and challenges in availability, functionality, and safety,
as well as quality control of seeding hepatocytes with regard to liver tissue engineering in regenerative
medicine for the treatment of liver disorders.
Imidazole and Biphenyl Derivatives as Anti-cancer Agents for Glioma Therapeutics:
Computational Drug Repurposing Strategy
Authors: Murali Poornimaa , Karuppasamy Ramanathan
Published: January 2023

Background:

Targeting mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) is one of the key therapeutic strategies
for the treatment of glioma. Few inhibitors, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been identified as selective inhibitors
of mIDH1. However, dose-dependent toxicity and limited brain penetration of the blood-brain barrier remain
the major limitations of the treatment procedures using these inhibitors.

Objective:

In the present study, computational drug repurposing strategies were employed to identify potent mIDH1-
specific inhibitors from the 11,808 small molecules listed in the DrugBank repository.

Methods:

Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) calculations were initially used to retrieve compounds with structurally similar
scaffolds to ivosidenib. The resultant compounds were then subjected to molecular docking to discriminate the binders
from the non-binders. The binding affinities and pharmacokinetic properties of the screened compounds were examined
using prime Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) and QikProp algorithm, respectively.
The conformational stability of these molecules was validated using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation.

Results:

Together, these processes led to the identification of three-hit molecules, namely DB12001, DB08026, and
DB03346, as potential inhibitors of the mIDH1 protein. Of note, the binding free energy calculations and MD simulation
studies emphasized the greater binding affinity and structural stability of the hit compounds towards the mIDH1
protein.

Conclusion:

The collective evidence from our study indicates the activity of DB12001 against recurrent glioblastoma,
which, in turn, highlights the accuracy of our adapted strategy. Hence, we hypothesize that the identified lead molecules
could be translated for the development of mIDH1 inhibitors in the near future.