bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection, referral and control of diabetes and hypertension in the rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa by community health outreach workers in the rural primary healthcare project: Health in Every Hut
Authors: Morris-Paxton Angela A. , Rheeder Paul , Ewing Rose-Marie G. , Woods Dillon
Published: April 2018

Background: Non-communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases, are responsible for approximately 63% of all deaths occurring worldwide in any given year. The majority of these deaths have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The latest World Health Organization (WHO) report shows that the increase in diabetes is also most pronounced in the LMICs. The South African Labour and Development Research Unit estimated a 9% prevalence within the adult population in 2016. In the Eastern Cape Province, hypertensive heart disease has become the second most common cause of death, followed by diabetes, the third most common cause of death.Aim and setting: The aim of this study was to report on the follow-up of patients in the community with known hypertension or diabetes or who were deemed at-risk (as identified during a prior community-wide survey).Methods: Data were collected via a household primary health screening, monitoring and follow-up process, which included taking anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose and referring to clinics for further testing and treatment where necessary.Results: Of the 1885 participants followed up by the community health outreach workers, 1702 were known to be hypertensive and 183 were deemed at-risk [of these, only 24 (13.2%) had normal or high normal systolic BP readings]. There were 341 participants with diabetes and 34 at-risk of diabetes [of these, 28 (82%) had levels of 11 mmol/l or higher at follow-up]. There was a significant improvement in BP and glucose control over repeated visits.Conclusion: In this rural area of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, the follow-up of patients with hypertension or diabetes as well as those individuals at-risk adds value to hypertension and glucose control.
Cognitive-behavioural theories and adherence: Application and relevance in antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Adefolalu Adegoke O.
Published: April 2018

Background: Adherence in chronic disease conditions is described as the extent to which a person‘s behaviour corresponds to the prescribed medical advice of the healthcare provider. This is not limited to medication intake only but also includes acts such as following instructions regarding dietary or fluid restrictions and taking medicines at the prescribed times and intervals. Although adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a predictor of good clinical outcome among HIV-infected persons on ART, it is a major challenge and strict adherence is not very common. This article aims to examine the application and relevance of some cognitive-behavioural theories in antiretroviral therapy adherenceMethods: After doing a thorough literature review, contemporary theories of health behaviour at the individual and interpersonal levels referred to as cognitive-behavioural theories were explored. This review highlights some aspects of the cognitive perspective of health behaviour theories as a good theoretical framework that could be used for organising thoughts about adherence and other health behaviours among patients on lifelong treatment such as ART.Results: Key concepts of these theories stipulate that behaviour is mediated by cognition i.e. knowledge and attitude affect the person’s action. In addition, cognitive-behavioural theories recognise knowledge alone as being insufficient to produce behavioural change; a person’s perception, motivation, skills and social environment are all influential in the process of behavioural change.Conclusion: Prediction of medication adherence is complex, and health-related knowledge and beliefs alone are insufficient to achieve behaviour change, especially in chronic conditions such as HIV/AIDS. However, people can control or influence the events affecting their lives by integrating cognitive, social, and behavioural sub-skills related to beliefs of personal efficacy in performing these skills.
Integrating Authentic Scientific Research in a Conservation Course–Based Undergraduate Research Experience
Authors: Sorensen Amanda E. , Corral Lucía , Dauer Jenny M. , Fontaine Joseph J.
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas

Field‐based conservation CUREs can engage more students in authentic research.

Model‐based pedagogy in CUREs allows students to grapple with complexity of scientific research.

Post CURE, student assessment shows science skill gains and clarity in professional goals.

Post CURE, students are more likely to talk with friends, family, or the public about wildlife conservation.

Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been developed to overcome barriers including students in research. However, there are few examples of CUREs that take place in a conservation and natural resource context with students engaging in field research. Here, we highlight the development of a conservation‐focused CURE integrated to a research program, research benefits, student self‐assessment of learning, and perception of the CURE. With the additional data, researchers were able to refine species distribution models and facilitate management decisions. Most students reported gains in their scientific skills, felt they had engaged in meaningful, real‐world research. In student reflections on how this experience helped clarify their professional intentions, many reported being more likely to enroll in graduate programs and seek employment related to science. Also interesting was all students reported being more likely to talk with friends, family, or the public about wildlife conservation issues after participating, indicating that courses like this can have effects beyond the classroom, empowering students to be advocates and translators of science. Field‐based, conservation‐focused CUREs can create meaningful conservation and natural resource experiences with authentic scientific teaching practices.
Concentrations and source regions of light-absorbing particles in snow/ice in northern Pakistan and their impact on snow albedo
Authors: Gul Chaman , Puppala Siva Praveen , Kang Shichang , Adhikary Bhupesh , Zhang Yulan , Ali Shaukat , Li Yang , Li Xiaofei
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Black carbon (BC), water-insoluble organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust are important particles in snow and ice which significantly reduce albedo and accelerate melting. Surface snow and ice samples were collected from the Karakoram–Himalayan region of northern Pakistan during 2015 and 2016 in summer (six glaciers), autumn (two glaciers), and winter (six mountain valleys). The average BC concentration overall was 2130 ± 1560 ng g−1 in summer samples, 2883 ± 3439 ng g−1 in autumn samples, and 992 ± 883 ng g−1 in winter samples. The average water-insoluble OC concentration overall was 1839 ± 1108 ng g−1 in summer samples, 1423 ± 208 ng g−1 in autumn samples, and 1342 ± 672 ng g−1 in winter samples. The overall concentration of BC, OC, and dust in aged snow samples collected during the summer campaign was higher than the concentration in ice samples. The values are relatively high compared to reports by others for the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. This is probably the result of taking more representative samples at lower elevation where deposition is higher and the effects of ageing and enrichment are more marked. A reduction in snow albedo of 0.1–8.3 % for fresh snow and 0.9–32.5 % for aged snow was calculated for selected solar zenith angles during daytime using the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation (SNICAR) model. The daily mean albedo was reduced by 0.07–12.0 %. The calculated radiative forcing ranged from 0.16 to 43.45 W m−2 depending on snow type, solar zenith angle, and location. The potential source regions of the deposited pollutants were identified using spatial variance in wind vector maps, emission inventories coupled with backward air trajectories, and simple region-tagged chemical transport modeling. Central, south, and west Asia were the major sources of pollutants during the sampling months, with only a small contribution from east Asia. Analysis based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-STEM) chemical transport model identified a significant contribution (more than 70 %) from south Asia at selected sites. Research into the presence and effect of pollutants in the glaciated areas of Pakistan is economically significant because the surface water resources in the country mainly depend on the rivers (the Indus and its tributaries) that flow from this glaciated area.
Intra-annual variations of regional aerosol optical depth, vertical distribution, and particle types from multiple satellite and ground-based observational datasets
Authors: Zhao Bin , Jiang Jonathan H. , Diner David J. , Su Hui , Gu Yu , Liou Kuo-Nan , Jiang Zhe , Huang Lei , Takano Yoshi , Fan Xuehua , Omar Ali H.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The relatively short lifetimes of aerosols in the atmosphere result in climatic and health effects that are strongly dependent on intra-annual variations in particle concentrations. While many studies have examined the seasonal and diurnal variations of regional aerosol optical depth (AOD), understanding the temporal variations in aerosol vertical distribution and particle types is also important for accurate computation of aerosol radiative effects. In this paper, we combine the observations from four satellite-borne sensors and ground-based AOD and fine particle (PM2.5) measurements to investigate the seasonal and diurnal variations of aerosol column loading, vertical distribution, and particle types over three populous regions: the Eastern United States (EUS), Western Europe (WEU), and Eastern and Central China (ECC). In all three regions, column AOD, as well as AOD higher than 800 m above ground level, peaks in summer/spring probably due to accelerated formation of secondary aerosols and hygroscopic growth. However, AOD at height below 800 m mostly peaks in winter except that a second maximum in summer occurs over the EUS region, which is consistent with observed temporal trends in surface PM2.5 concentrations. AOD due to fine particles ( 1.4 μm diameter) generally shows less variability, except for the ECC region where a peak occurs in spring, consistent with the prevalence of airborne dust during this season. When aerosols are classified according to sources, the dominant type is associated with anthropogenic air pollution, which has a similar seasonal pattern as total AOD. Dust and sea-spray aerosols in the WEU region peak in summer and winter, respectively, but do not show an obvious seasonal pattern in the EUS region. Smoke aerosols, as well as absorbing aerosols, present an obvious unimodal distribution with a maximum occurring in summer over the EUS and WEU regions, whereas they follow a bimodal distribution with peaks in August and March (due to crop residue burning) over the ECC region. In general, the nighttime-daytime AOD difference is more positive in summer than in winter, likely attributable to a larger diurnal temperature range in summer. Smoke AOD is much higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. The results of this study can help to improve the current estimates of the climatic and health impacts of aerosols.
Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term
measurements
Authors: Nieminen Tuomo , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Aalto Pasi P. , Arshinov Mikhail , Asmi Eija , Baltensperger Urs , Beddows David C. S. , Beukes Johan Paul , Collins Don , Ding Aijun , Harrison Roy M. , Henzing Bas , Hooda Rakesh , Hu Min , Hõrrak Urmas , Kivekäs Niku , Komsaare Kaupo , Krejci Radovan , Kristensson Adam , Laakso Lauri , Laaksonen Ari , Leaitch W. Richard , Lihavainen Heikki , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Németh Zoltán , Nie Wei , O'Dowd Colin , Salma Imre , Sellegri Karine , Svenningsson Birgitta , Swietlicki Erik , Tunved Peter , Ulevicius Vidmantas , Vakkari Ville , Vana Marko , Wiedensohler Alfred , Wu Zhijun , Virtanen Annele , Kulmala Markku
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of the global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least one year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability, taking place on about 30 % of the days in March–May and on about 10 % of the days in December–February. The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about three orders of magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1–10 nm h−1). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate between the different measurement sites, as well as between the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in Northern America, Asia and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
Aerosol particle size distribution in the stratosphere retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb measurements
Authors: Malinina Elizaveta , Rozanov Alexei , Rozanov Vladimir , Liebing Patricia , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Information about aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere is of a great importance in the scientific community. While tropospheric aerosol influences the radiative balance of the troposphere and affects human health, stratospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and climate change. In particular, information about the amount and distribution of stratospheric aerosols is required to initialize climate models, as well as validate aerosol microphysics models and investigate geoengineering. In addition, good knowledge of stratospheric aerosol loading is needed to increase the retrieval accuracy of key trace gases (e.g. ozone or water vapour) when interpreting remote sensing measurements of the scattered solar light. The most commonly used characteristics to describe stratospheric aerosols are the aerosol extinction coefficient and Ångström coefficient. However, the use of particle size distribution parameters along with the aerosol number density is a more optimal approach. In this paper we present a new retrieval algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution of stratospheric aerosol from space-borne observations of the scattered solar light in the limb-viewing geometry. While the mode radius and width of the aerosol particle size distribution are retrieved, the aerosol particle number density profile remains unchanged. The latter is justified by a lower sensitivity of the limb-scattering measurements to changes in this parameter. To our knowledge this is the first data set providing two parameters of the particle size distribution of stratospheric aerosol from space-borne measurements of scattered solar light. Typically, the mode radius and w can be retrieved with an uncertainty of less than 20 %. The algorithm was successfully applied to the tropical region (20° N–20° S) for 10 years (2002–2012) of SCIAMACHY observations in limb-viewing geometry, establishing a unique data set. Analysis of this new climatology for the particle size distribution parameters showed clear increases in the mode radius after the tropical volcanic eruptions, whereas no distinct behaviour of the absolute distribution width could be identified. A tape recorder, which describes the time lag as the perturbation propagates to higher altitudes, was identified for both parameters after the volcanic eruptions. A quasi-biannual oscillation (QBO) pattern at upper altitudes (28–32 km) is prominent in the anomalies of the analysed parameters. A comparison of the aerosol effective radii derived from SCIAMACHY and SAGE II data was performed. The average difference is found to be around 30 % at the lower altitudes, decreasing with increasing height to almost zero around 30 km. The data sample available for the comparison is, however, relatively small.
Estimation of nocturnal CO2 and N2O soil emissions from changes in surface boundary layer mass storage
Authors: Grant Richard H. , Omonode Rex A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Annual budgets of greenhouse and other trace gases require knowledge of the emissions throughout the year. Unfortunately, emissions into the surface boundary layer during stable, calm nocturnal periods are not measurable using most micrometeorological methods due to non-stationarity and uncoupled flow. However, during nocturnal periods with very light winds, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) frequently accumulate near the surface and this mass accumulation can be used to determine emissions. Gas concentrations were measured at four heights (one within and three above canopy) and turbulence was measured at three heights above a mature 2.5 m maize canopy from 23 July to 10 September 2015. Nocturnal CO2 and N2O fluxes from the canopy were determined using the accumulation of mass within a 6.3 m control volume and out the top of the control volume within the nocturnal surface boundary layer. Diffusive fluxes were estimated by flux gradient method. The total accumulative and diffusive fluxes during near-calm nights (friction velocities < 0.05 ms−1) averaged 1.16 µmol m−2 s−1 CO2 and 0.53 nmol m−2 s−1 N2O. Fluxes were also measured using chambers. Daily mean CO2 fluxes determined by the accumulation method were 90 to 130 % of those determined using soil chambers. Daily mean N2O fluxes determined by the accumulation method were 60 to 80 % of that determined using soil chambers. The better signal-to-noise ratios of the chamber method for CO2 over N2O, non-stationary flow, assumed Schmidt numbers, and anemometer tilt were likely contributing reasons for the differences in chambers versus accumulated nocturnal mass flux estimates. Near-surface N2O accumulative flux measurements in more homogeneous regions and with greater depth are needed to confirm the conclusion that mass accumulation can be effectively used to estimate soil emissions during nearly calm nights.
Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate and its variability from sonic anemometer and wind Doppler lidar during the XPIA field campaign
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Lundquist Julie K. , Newsom Rob K.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Despite turbulence being a fundamental transport process in the boundary layer, the capability of current numerical models to represent it is undermined by the limits of the adopted assumptions, notably that of local equilibrium. Here we leverage the potential of extensive observations in determining the variability of turbulence dissipation rate (ε). These observations can provide insights towards the understanding of the scales at which the major assumption of local equilibrium between generation and dissipation of turbulence is invalid. Typically, observations of ε require time- and labor-intensive measurements from sonic and/or hot-wire anemometers. We explore the capability of wind Doppler lidars to provide measurements of ε. We refine and extend an existing method to accommodate different atmospheric stability conditions. To validate our approach, we estimate ε from four wind Doppler lidars during the 3-month XPIA campaign at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (Colorado), and we assess the uncertainty of the proposed method by data inter-comparison with sonic anemometer measurements of ε. Our analysis of this extensive dataset provides understanding of the climatology of turbulence dissipation over the course of the campaign. Further, the variability of ε with atmospheric stability, height, and wind speed is also assessed. Finally, we present how ε increases as nocturnal turbulence is generated during low-level jet events.
The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: Sub-hourly hydrometeorological
observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and
surrounding area since 2006
Authors: Hernández-Henríquez Marco A. , Sharma Aseem R. , Taylor Mark , Thompson Hadleigh D. , Déry Stephen J.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological stations positioned at strategic locations across mid- to high elevations of the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain range spans 44,150 km2 forming the northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with old-growth redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys, montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir permeate the mid-elevations while alpine tundra, glaciers and several large icefields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall, and snow depth at 15 minute intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow or water temperature, and soil moisture among others. Details on deployment sites, the instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo, an online public data repository, are also furnished (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain, efforts to push data online in (near)real-time, availability of ancillary data, and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.
Tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory: upgraded to a magnetic sensor calibration facility
Authors: Mahavarkar Prasanna , John Jacob , Dhapre Vijay , Dongre Varun , Labde Sachin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system for the study of palaeomagnetic
studies, manufactured by GEOFYZIKA (former Czechoslovakia), was successfully
commissioned at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory (IAGA code: ABG) in the year
1985. This system was used for a few years, after which the system
encountered technical problems with the control unit. Rectification of the
unit could not be undertaken, as the information document related to this
system was not available, and as a result the system had been lying in an
unused state for a long time, until 2015, when the system was recommissioned
and upgraded to a test facility for calibrating the magnetometer sensors. We
have upgraded the system with a constant current source and a data-logging
unit. Both of these units have been designed and developed in the institute
laboratory. Also, re-measurements of the existing system have been made
thoroughly. The upgraded system is semi-automatic, enabling non-specialists
to operate it after a brief period of instruction. This facility is now
widely used at the parent institute and external institutions to calibrate
magnetometers and it also serves as a national facility. Here the design of
this system with the calibration results for the space-borne fluxgate
magnetometers is presented.
Effect of deforestation and subsequent land-use management on soil carbon stocks in the South American Chaco
Authors: Osinaga Natalia Andrea , Álvarez Carina Rosa , Taboada Miguel Angel
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Abstract. The sub-humid Chaco region of Argentina, originally covered by dry sclerophyll forest, has been subjected to clearing since the end of the '70 and replacement of the forest by no till farming. Land use changes produced a decrease in aboveground carbon stored in forests, but little is known about the impact on soil organic C stocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil C stocks and C fractions up to 1 m depth in soils under different land use:  20 yr continuous cropping, warm season grass pasture and native forest in 32 sites distributed over the Chaco region. The organic C stock content up to 1 m depth expressed as equivalent mass varied as follows: forest (119.3 Mg ha−1) > pasture (87.9 Mg ha−1) > continuous cropping (71.9 and 77.3 Mg ha−1), with no impact of the number of years under cropping. The most sensitive organic carbon fraction was the coarse particle fraction (2000 μm–212 μm) at 0–5 cm and 5–20 cm depth layers. Resistant carbon (
Para una autoetnografía intelectual: Sociología, historia, trabajo de campo…
Authors: Castillo Alonso Juan José
Published: April 2018

Este texto es un primer intento de reflexión sobre la práctica de investigación, y las teorías implicadas en la misma, de su autor a lo largo de los últimos treinta y tantos años. Una práctica reflexiva que trata de identificar una perspectiva y evolución, con el objetivo de mejorar, a través de una especie de re-visión crítica, el abrir nuevos caminos y perspectivas identificando sus límites y sus potencialidades para el futuro. Lo someto ahora públicamente a discusión con el objetivo fundamental de enriquecer estas reflexiones y recoger comentarios e ideas que puedan enriquecerlo, ampliarlo y, sobre todo, mejorarlo.
Universidad precaria, universidad sin futuro [En liquidación]. Juan José Castillo y Paloma Moré. (2018). Madrid: Fuhem. Ecosocial
Authors: Marugán Pintos Begoña
Published: April 2018

Recensión sobre el libro: Universidad precaria, universidad sin futuro [En liquidación]. Juan José Castillo y Paloma Moré. (2018). Madrid: Fuhem. Ecosocial
The Relationship between Personality Types and the Cognitive - Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Soleimani Nadia , Nagahi Morteza , Nagahisarchoghaei Mohammad , Jaradat Raed
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the relationship between the personality type and cognitive-metacognitive strategies utilized by test-takers in reading comprehension tests. One hundred undergraduate Iranian English Foreign Learning (EFL) students participated in a reading comprehension test followed by a questionnaire and the Myers & Briggs Type Inventory. The questionnaire consisted of 30 cognitive-metacognitive items (Phakiti, 2003). These questions inquired about the thought process that occurred while completing the test. The 93-item Myers-Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaire is a tool that provides individuals with a personality type. The study employed a quantitative data analysis where the input data was analyzed in two ways. First, descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics, and then a two-way ANOVA was calculated to obtain a general view of the relationship between the variables. The data analysis resulted in the identification of 14 personality types along with three groups of readers distinguished by their reading comprehension test scores as highly successful, moderately successful, or unsuccessful. However, the results suggested that there were no significant relationships between personality types of test-takers and the cognitive-metacognitive strategies utilized during a reading comprehension test. Using a 90 percent Confidence Interval (CI), there was meaningful interaction between the personality traits (Extroversion/Introversion and Judging/Perceiving) of Iranian EFL test-takers and their use of cognitive-metacognitive strategies.
Peer Learning Amongst Students of Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College (HTTTC) of the University of Buea in Kumba, Cameroon
Authors: Ngale Lyonga Ngemunang Agnes
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the use of peer learning in students’ success at the Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College in Kumba, Cameroon. The study uses a quantitative descriptive data to determine the effectiveness of peer learning amongst students through the impact of study groups and peer tutoring on students’ achievement. The study employed the descriptive survey design. Participants of the study were made up of 234 students drawn from both the first and second cycles of the 14 departments of the Technical Teachers’ Training College (HTTTC), Kumba. The study sought to find out the effects of study groups and peer tutoring on students’ achievement at HTTTC, Kumba. A structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The data collected was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages computed with the help of the SPSS V.20.0. Evidence from students’ responses indicated that the importance of studying in groups with classmates and peer tutoring by other students in the success of their end-of-semester and final examinations cannot be overemphasized. By providing these learning environments in schools, students are able to form a cohesive group where they can express their ideas and help each other succeed. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that students who are more knowledgeable and have a good mastery of the subject or the concepts taught be paired by the teacher with other students for group work, class discussions and more purposeful structured learning. Teachers should also take advantage of the peer tutoring technique to encourage student-teachers to work in small mixed ability groups that will allow everyone whether fast or slow to share their ideas and build knowledge as well as interpersonal skills in the training process.
All grown up: A transitional care perspective on the patient with posterior urethral valves
Authors: Keays Melise A. , McAlpine Kristen , Welk Blayne
Published: April 2018

N/A
Urological issues arising after treatment of pediatric malignancies
Authors: Romao Rodrigo L.P. , Cox Ashley
Published: April 2018

N/A
Supplementary data: A critical review of recent clinical practice guidelines for pediatric urinary tract infection
Authors: Chua Michael , Ming Jessica , Chang Shang-Jen , Dos Santos Joana , Mistry Niraj , Silangcruz Jan Michael , Bayley Mark , Koyle Martin A.
Published: April 2018

N/A
English in Public Schools Located in Metropolitan Lima, Peru: An Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Students’ Level and Perceptions
Authors: Morales Andrea I. , Palomeque Paola S. , Paredes Valeria , Mangelinckx Jerome
Published: April 2018

English Language Teaching (ELT) public policies are present in most of the countries of the Americas due to the importance of said language in the international context. The objective of this research was to know the English level of eleventh-grade students in public schools located in Metropolitan Lima, Peru, as well as their perceptions of their own English learning process within the framework of the new national plan called Inglés, Puertas al Mundo (English, Doors to the World). The sample was composed of 72 students from four schools of the city. This study was conducted using a mixed-method (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The instruments used were a standardized English test (New Inside Out Quick Placement Test) and a structured interview guide. The results revealed that the students’ English level is below the level outlined in the national policy. Regarding the perception of their own learning, students have different motivations to learn English, and enjoy the blended model introduced by the national English plan. However, they agree that their English level is very basic and that they would not be able to reach the established communication objectives after graduating from high school.
3D non-invasive inspection of the skin lesions by close-range and low-cost photogrammetric techniques
Authors: Orun Ahmet B. , Goodyer Eric , Smith Geoff
Published: April 2018

In dermatology, one of the most common causes of skin abnormality is an unusual change in skin lesion structure which may exhibit very subtle physical deformation of its 3D shape. However the geometrical sensitivity of current cost-effective inspection and measurement methods may not be sufficient to detect such small progressive changes in skin lesion structure at micro-scale. Our proposed method could provide a low-cost, non-invasive solution by a compact system solution to overcome these shortcomings by using close-range photogrammetric imaging techniques to build a 3D surface model for a continuous observation of subtle changes in skin lesions and other features.
On Intellectual Generosity
Authors: Taylor Chloë ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2018

In this response I compare Rebecca Tuvel’s article, “In Defense of Transracialism,” to several other recent examples of philosophical and social justice scholarship in which authors (Eli Clare, Alexandre Baril, Cressida Heyes, Ladelle McWhorter, Judith Butler) draw comparisons between diverse identities and oppressions, and draw ethical and political conclusions about experiences that are not necessarily their own. I ask what methodological or authorial differences can explain the dramatically different reception of these works compared to Tuvel’s, and whether these differences in reception were justified. In this response I also challenge the often-heard claim that Tuvel failed to draw on the evidence of experience in her article, as well as the assumption that social justice scholars should always do so. Finally, I consider Tuvel’s motivations in writing her article and describe them as intellectually generous, and I call for more intellectual generosity in academia as it is transformed by social media.
Water governance: assumptions to assign a new meaning to it
Authors: Mazzarino Jane Márcia , Turatti Luciana
Published: April 2018

Taking into consideration the current scenario of access to water resources and their significance for human survival, as well as the fact they have become a human right, it can be said that public policies of governance in this aspect need to go beyond their traditional format to effectively encompass participatory processes. Environmental public policies have shown not to satisfactorily respond to the challenges posed, which is partly due to the governance models employed. Studies on governance processes in the Brazilian context have indicated that, despite the alleged inclusiveness in the public policies processes, these transformative ideals have not been attained yet. This study aims at establishing theoretical assumptions on the concept of governance, so as to find elements to assign a new meaning to it, once it has been overused, with a subsequent loss of its signification, in order to contribute to studies on water governance in the scope of hydrographic basins. The method used is qualitative and bibliographic.
Evolution of integrated solid waste management systems in brazilian cities under the national solid waste policy
Authors: Mendez Gabriel De Pinna , Mahler Claudio Fernando
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes the evolution of integrated solid waste management systems in small and medium cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this purpose, we applied the Modified Solid Waste Management Condition Index (ICGRm), calculated by a spreadsheet with 40 environmental indicators. A field study was carried out to evaluate ten cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, among twenty already investigated in a survey carried out in the years 2007-2008. The cities were classified as adequate or inadequate according to the ICGRm scores (range from zero to ten points). The comparative evaluation revealed that four cities presented positive evolution, but only slight, while six cities presented worse scores. In the specific case of Brazil, it shows that public managers have not yet given proper priority to solid waste management, although six years have passed since the establishment of the National Solid Waste Policy through Law 12,305/2010. Ten of the cities evaluated reached the level of management considered adequate by the applied method, either in the evaluation in 2007-2008 or 2016, and some showed slight improvement.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Fipronil 1% and Deltamethrin 0.1% in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Naturally Infested by Haematopinus tuberculatus
Authors: Buitrago Jhon Didier Ruiz , Zuluaga Edison A. Cardona , Gutiérrez Jesús   Alfredo   Berdugo , Arboleda Wilder Cardona
Published: April 2018

Haematopinus tuberculatus is the main arthropod affecting buffaloes around the world. It causes intense itching and restlessness, altering feeding habits, thus reducing animal productivity. This parasitosis is seldom studied, as it does not lead to significant animal mortality or financial losses. In this project, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two commercially available products for control of pediculosis in naturally infested buffaloes. A total of 24 milk producing, clinically healthy female buffaloes that were naturally infested by lice were included in this study. Animals were equally distributed into two groups: group 1 was treated with a single dose of pour on Fipronil (1%, Carval de Colombia, 1 ml of product per 10 kg of live weight). Group 2 was treated with a single dose of deltamethrin (5%, Bioara, SA), at a final concentration of 0,1% applied with an aspersion pump as a single bath of 4 liters of diluted solution per animal. Lice were counted weekly from day 1 to day 58 post-treatment. Up to day 23 post-treatment, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between products.Fipronil 1% consistently exhibited an efficacy above 70% from day 8 and until 30 day of the study. These results suggest that both products are efficient and safe to control lice infestations in buffaloes. However, fipronil 1% exhibited a greater residual effect, which reduces the number of baths required to treat infested animals, and reduces the probability of selecting for drug-resistant lice populations
Antonio de Tejeda y Antón Sánchez, pintores: una decoración en dos tiempos para la capilla de las Doncellas de la Catedral de Sevilla
Authors: Escuredo Barrado Elena
Published: April 2018

La capilla de la Anunciación de la Catedral de Sevilla, sede de la Hermandad de las Doncellas, fue fundada por Micer García de Gibraleón en el primer tercio del siglo XVI. A lo largo de la centuria se llevaron a cabo diversas empresas para adecentar y ornamentar el espacio, desde el encargo del retablo que la presidía hasta las rejas que la cerraban. Las pesquisas en el Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de la capital hispalense, han permitido sacar a la luz nuevos documentos que permiten imaginar cómo lucía aquella esquinada capilla del magno templo metropolitano: por un lado, la decoración mural de la pared frontera al retablo, obra de Antonio de Tejeda; y por otra, la policromía de la reja lateral y la pintura del paramento que la acogía, encargo aceptado por Antón Sánchez.
El arquitecto Rafael Guastavino (1842-1908): obra en cuatro actos
Authors: Vegas López-Manzanares Fernando , Mileto Camila , Cantero Solís Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2018

El presente texto desvela numerosos detalles inéditos sobre la figura del arquitecto Rafael Guastavino Moreno (1842-1908), su entorno y sus relaciones personales y familiares con la arquitectura y otras ramas del arte y los oficios como la música y la carpintería, así como con la vitivinicultura, que influyen y retroalimentan su arquitectura dentro del contexto histórico, político y económico de las tres localidades donde residió en España, a saber, Valencia, Barcelona y Almudévar (Huesca), antes de emigrar a los Estados Unidos de América, donde desarrolló una carrera profesional de éxito como arquitecto más conocida y difundida por la bibliografía.
La gestión documental como soporte discursivo de la memoria histórico artística del museo. Los museos de bellas artes del país vasco como caso de estudio
Authors: Castañer López Xesqui
Published: April 2018

Las relaciones entre coleccionismo, el arte y la sociedad se basan en la capacidad de comunicación de la obra artística con el espectador. Esta comunicación se produce a partir de la puesta en escena de la obra artística en el interior del museo. Antes o después, la obra artística genera una información documental que se convierte en la memoria del museo y que se materializa en las diferentes tipologías de catálogos. La gestión documental y su capacidad para crear una narración histórica es el objetivo de este trabajo, utilizando los Museos de Bellas Artes del País Vasco como caso de estudio. El inicio pleno de la autonomía vasca con el Estatuto de Autonomía de 1979 y, posteriormente, con la delimitación competencial interna de la Ley de Territorios Históricos de 1983, las tres instituciones forales vascas consolidaron su autónoma gestión cultural en sus respectivos territorios. Ambos hechos influyeron directamente en el aumento de los fondos museísticos y en la literatura artística que generaron. La Gestión documental y memorística de los museos vascos, se ha materializado en la elaboración de catálogos, cuyas tipologías textuales y categorizaciones han sido determinantes en la construcción de una memoria artística autóctona, muy influyente en el devenir de la Historia del arte nacional y local.
La guerra interminable. La Conquista del Oeste como modelo cultural de la Guerra contra el Terror
Authors: Pérez Ochando Luis
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo explora la representación cultural de las guerras indias como un precedente de los planteamientos que legitimaron la guerra contra el terrorismo después del once de septiembre. Nuestro objetivo será analizar el relato cinematográfico de las guerras contra los indios como un patrón ideológico, interiorizado culturalmente, que resurge como respuesta a los nuevos conflictos. Concretamente, nos centraremos en dos aspectos fundamentales del western, la filosofía del “destino manifiesto” y la representación de la otredad, dos ideas que ayudan a explicar la respuesta de la ideología dominante a los atentados del once de septiembre.
EL DEPARTAMENT D’HISTÒRIA DE L’ART DE LA UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA EN EL CURSO 2016-17
Authors: Jerez Moliner Felipe , Gil Saura Yolanda
Published: April 2018

Se enumeran los aspectos docentes más destacados relacionados con el Departament d’Història de l’Art de la Universitat de València en el curso académico 2016-2017, así como las contribuciones investigadoras de sus miembros en el año 2016 y otros aspectos de interés relacionados con la difusión y gestión del citado departamento universitario.
Raising the status of software in research: A survey-based evaluation of the Software Sustainability Institute Fellowship Programme
Authors: Sufi Shoaib A , Jay Caroline
Published: April 2018

This paper reports the results of an evaluation of the Software Sustainability Institute’s Fellowship Programme, which focused on understanding the benefits that the fellowship has afforded its recipients. The evaluation took the form of a survey open to people awarded fellowships between 2012 and 2016, which asked people to report the effect that the programme had had on them, their institutions, their research domains and their careers. The results show that the fellowship plays a wide-ranging role in supporting communities of best practice and skills transfer, and that a significant benefit is the way it has raised the profile of software in research, and those people who develop and advocate for it.
Chromatin-associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) maps genome-wide RNA-to-DNA contacts
Authors: Bell Jason C , Jukam David , Teran Nicole A , Risca Viviana I , Smith Owen K , Johnson Whitney L , Skotheim Jan M , Greenleaf William James , Straight Aaron F
Published: April 2018

RNA is a critical component of chromatin in eukaryotes, both as a product of transcription, and as an essential constituent of ribonucleoprotein complexes that regulate both local and global chromatin states. Here, we present a proximity ligation and sequencing method called Chromatin-Associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) that maps all RNA-to-DNA contacts across the genome. Using Drosophila cells, we show that ChAR-seq provides unbiased, de novo identification of targets of chromatin-bound RNAs including nascent transcripts, chromosome-specific dosage compensation ncRNAs, and genome-wide trans-associated RNAs involved in co-transcriptional RNA processing.
The conformation of the histone H3 tail inhibits association of the BPTF PHD finger with the nucleosome
Authors: Morrison Emma A , Bowerman Samuel , Sylvers Kelli L , Wereszczynski Jeff , Musselman Catherine A
Published: April 2018

Histone tails harbor a plethora of post-translational modifications that direct the function of chromatin regulators, which recognize them through effector domains. Effector domain/histone interactions have been broadly studied, but largely using peptide fragments of histone tails. Here, we extend these studies into the nucleosome context and find that the conformation adopted by the histone H3 tails is inhibitory to BPTF PHD finger binding. Using NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations, we show that the H3 tails interact robustly but dynamically with nucleosomal DNA, substantially reducing PHD finger association. Altering the electrostatics of the H3 tail via modification or mutation increases accessibility to the PHD finger, indicating that PTM crosstalk can regulate effector domain binding by altering nucleosome conformation. Together, our results demonstrate that the nucleosome context has a dramatic impact on signaling events at the histone tails, and highlights the importance of studying histone binding in the context of the nucleosome.
Silencing of transposable elements may not be a major driver of regulatory evolution in primate iPSCs
Authors: Ward Michelle C , Zhao Siming , Luo Kaixuan , Pavlovic Bryan J , Karimi Mohammad M , Stephens Matthew , Gilad Yoav
Published: April 2018

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise almost half of primate genomes and their aberrant regulation can result in deleterious effects. In pluripotent stem cells, rapidly evolving KRAB-ZNF genes target TEs for silencing by H3K9me3. To investigate the evolution of TE silencing, we performed H3K9me3 ChIP-seq experiments in induced pluripotent stem cells from 10 human and 7 chimpanzee individuals. We identified four million orthologous TEs and found the SVA and ERV families to be marked most frequently by H3K9me3. We found little evidence of inter-species differences in TE silencing, with as many as 82% of putatively silenced TEs marked at similar levels in humans and chimpanzees. TEs that are preferentially silenced in one species are a similar age to those silenced in both species and are not more likely to be associated with expression divergence of nearby orthologous genes. Our data suggest limited species-specificity of TE silencing across 6 million years of primate evolution.