bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary Function of the Meniscofemoral Ligament and Lateral Meniscus Posterior Root to Stabilize the Lateral Meniscus Posterior Horn: A Biomechanical Study in a Porcine Knee Model
Authors: Ohori Tomoki , Mae Tatsuo , Shino Konsei , Tachibana Yuta , Fujie Hiromichi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Nakata Ken
Published: January 2019

Background:

It has been demonstrated that the load distribution function of the lateral meniscus (LM) is compromised by resecting both the meniscofemoral ligament (MFL) and LM posterior root (LMPR). However, the effect of resecting these fibers on load transmission through the LM needs to be investigated.

Purpose:

To evaluate using a porcine knee model (1) the in situ forces of the MFL and LMPR and (2) the effect of resecting these fibers on the in situ force of the LM under a compressive load and valgus torque to the lateral knee compartment.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty fresh-frozen porcine knees and a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system were utilized. An axial compressive load of 250 N and 5 N·m of valgus torque were applied to intact, MFL-deficient, LMPR-deficient, and MFL/LMPR-deficient knees at 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. The valgus angles under the applied loads were compared among the 4 states. The in situ forces of the MFL and LMPR under the applied loads were calculated under the principle of superposition. The in situ forces of the LM under the applied loads were also calculated and compared among the 4 conditions (intact, without the MFL, without LMPR, and without the MFL/LMPR).

Results:

The valgus angles significantly increased after resecting both the MFL and LMPR at all the flexion angles. The in situ forces of the MFL and LMPR changed reciprocally as the knee flexed. The in situ forces of the LM significantly decreased after resecting both the MFL and LMPR, although resecting only the MFL or LMPR represented no significant effect.

Conclusion:

The MFL and LMPR functioned complementarily as the posterior attachments of the LM against a compressive load and valgus torque to the lateral knee compartment in porcine knee joints.

Clinical Relevance:

If the LMPR is completely detached and needs to be repaired, the MFL should be preserved because it may provide some stability to the LM posterior horn and protect the repaired LMPR.
Discrimination of Gain Increments in Speech-Shaped Noises
Authors: Caswell-Midwinter Benjamin , Whitmer William M.
Published: January 2019

Frequency-dependent gain adjustments are routine in hearing-aid fittings, whether in matching to real-ear targets or fine-tuning to patient feedback. Patient feedback may be unreliable and fittings inefficient if adjustments are not discriminable. To examine what gain adjustments are discriminable, we measured the just-noticeable differences (JNDs) for level increments in speech-shaped noises processed with prescription gains. JNDs were measured in the better ears of 38 participants with hearing impairment using a fixed-level, same-different task. JNDs were measured for increments at six individual frequency-bands: a 0.25-kHz low-pass band; octave-wide bands at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz; and a 6-kHz high-pass band. JNDs for broadband increments were also measured. JNDs were estimated at d’ of 1 for a minimally discriminable increment in optimal laboratory conditions. The JND for frequency-band increments was 2.8 dB excluding the 0.25-kHz low-pass band, for which the JND was 4.5 dB. The JND for broadband increments was 1.5 dB. Participants’ median frequency-band and broadband JNDs were positively correlated. JNDs were mostly independent of age, pure-tone thresholds, and cognitive score. In consideration of self-fitting adjustments in noisier conditions, JNDs were additionally estimated at a more sensitive d’ of 2. These JNDs were 6 dB for bands below 1 kHz, and 5 dB for bands at and above 1 kHz. Overall, the results suggest noticeable fine-tuning adjustments of 3 dB and self-fitting adjustments of 5 dB.
Navigating the Complexities of Evaluating Team-Based Learning in the Graduate Classroom
Authors: Sibbald Shannon L. , John-Baptiste Ava , Speechley Mark
Published: January 2019

Team-based learning (TBL) appeals to public health educators because it mimics the real world of public health practice. Public health is an interdisciplinary field in which practitioners from various professional backgrounds come together to apply their different skills and competencies to a steadily changing array of public health problems. In addition to fostering synergistic learning, TBL can break down barriers between people from different professions and backgrounds. Many students have had past negative experiences with group work such as perceptions of unequal distribution of work and responsibility among team members. TBL extends beyond group work by supporting a pedagogical philosophy to empower students. Various methods of peer assessment have been proposed that embolden team members to evaluate one another’s contributions to group learning. We describe our TBL approach along with the strategies we employ to mitigate this particular challenge associated with TBL. Overall, we believe our approach to peer assessment in the context of TBL to be effective; students are more satisfied with the authentic assessment, and it has led to improved team functioning.
Corneal crosslinking in a case with Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome and unilateral pellucid marginal degeneration
Authors: Koc Mustafa , Kosekahya Pinar , Inanc Merve , Tekin Kemal
Published: January 2019

A 31-year-old male patient presented with the complaint of progressive vision loss in his left eye. Slit-lamp examination showed posterior embryotoxon, iris hypoplasia, and iridocorneal adhesion in both eyes, corectopia in the right, and peripheral inferior thinning and ectasia in the left eye. Corneal topography showed slightly asymmetric bowtie pattern in the right eye and crab-claw pattern in the left eye. Topographic examination was compared with his previous topography. The comparison showed 1.6-D steepening of maximum keratometry ( Kmax) and 22-µm decrease of thinnest corneal pachymetry. Corneal crosslinking treatment was performed on the left eye. At the postoperative 28-month follow-up visit, Kmax decreased from 54.1 to 53.0 D and corrected distance visual acuity improved to 20/20 with scleral lens. This is the first reported a case with Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome and pellucid marginal degeneration association. We suggest that corneal crosslinking can be useful for management of pellucid marginal degeneration and longer follow-up might be needed in order to corroborate the effectiveness of the corneal crosslinking procedure.
Documentation of Sexual History by Psychiatry Postgraduate Trainees: Lessons to Be Learnt
Authors: Sreedaran Priya
Published: January 2019

Aim: The author reports on whether sexual history was documented in files of persons with alcohol-use disorders as part of initial intake by psychiatry postgraduate trainees.

Methodology: Chart review of files of persons with alcohol use disorders.

Results: A total of 53 charts were reviewed to determine whether sexual history was documented. Sexual history was not documented in 79.24% of the files as part of the initial psychiatric intake.

Conclusions: Postgraduate psychiatric trainees do not document sexual history in files of persons with alcohol-use disorders as part of initial intake. This is an important issue to be addressed as part of postgraduate psychiatry training.
Projects in the Business Ecosystem: The Case of Short Sea Shipping and Logistics
Authors: Eriksson Kent , Wikström Kim , Hellström Magnus , Levitt Raymond E.
Published: January 2019

This article develops a conceptual framework to analyze the governance of projects within a business ecosystem. The framework is applied to the case of a vessel delivery project in the short sea shipping business ecosystem, which is a cargo and logistics infrastructure service at sea. We develop a model that identifies contentious lock-ins among the workflows, and show how they can be resolved by governance that can increase performance of the sea logistics infrastructure. The model shows the interdependence of the short sea shipping business ecosystem and the vessel project, and it shows how performance is enhanced by their integration.
The impact of early life exposure to Plasmodium falciparum on the development of naturally acquired immunity to malaria in young Malawian children
Authors: Barua Priyanka , Beeson James G. , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per , Rogerson Stephen J.
Published: January 2019

Background

Antibodies targeting malaria blood-stage antigens are important targets of naturally acquired immunity, and may act as valuable biomarkers of malaria exposure.

Methods

Six-hundred and one young Malawian children from a randomized trial of prenatal nutrient supplementation with iron and folic acid or pre- and postnatal multiple micronutrients or lipid-based nutrient supplements were followed up weekly at home and febrile episodes were investigated for malaria from birth to 18 months of age. Antibodies were measured for 601 children against merozoite surface proteins (MSP1 19kD, MSP2), erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA175), reticulocyte binding protein homologue 2 (Rh2A9), schizont extract and variant surface antigens expressed byPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) at 18 months of age. The antibody measurement data was related to concurrent malaria infection and to documented episodes of clinical malaria.

Results

At 18 months of age, antibodies were significantly higher among parasitaemic than aparasitaemic children. Antibody levels against MSP1 19kD, MSP2, schizont extract, and IE variant surface antigens were significantly higher in children who had documented episodes of malaria than in children who did not. Antibody levels did not differ between children with single or multiple malaria episodes before 18 months, nor between children who had malaria before 6 months of age or between 6 and 18 months.

Conclusions

Antibodies to merozoite and IE surface antigens increased following infection in early childhood, but neither age at first infection nor number of malaria episodes substantially affected antibody acquisition. These findings have implications for malaria surveillance during early childhood in the context of elimination.

Trials registrationClinical Trials Registration: NCT01239693 (Date of registration: 11-10-2010). URL:http://www.ilins.org
Reciprocal regulation of integrin β4 and KLF4 promotes gliomagenesis through maintaining cancer stem cell traits
Authors: Ma Binbin , Zhang Li , Zou Yujie , He Ruiping , Wu Qiong , Han Chuanchun , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2019

Background

The dismal prognosis of patients with glioma is largely attributed to cancer stem cells that display pivotal roles in tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and relapse. Therefore, understanding how these populations of cells maintain their stem-like properties is critical in developing effective glioma therapeutics.

Methods

RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify genes potentially involved in regulating glioma stem cells (GSCs). Integrin β4 (ITGB4) expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The role of ITGB4 was investigated by flow cytometry, mammosphere formation, transwell, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis assays. The reciprocal regulation between Integrin β4 and KLF4 was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo ubiquitylation assays.

Results

In this study, we found that ITGB4 expression was increased in GSCs and human glioma tissues. Upregulation of ITGB4 was correlated with glioma grades. Inhibition of ITGB4 in glioma cells decreased the self-renewal abilities of GSCs and suppressed the malignant behaviours of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF4, an important transcription factor, directly binds to the promoter of ITGB4, facilitating its transcription and contributing to increased ITGB4 expression in glioma. Interestingly, this increased expression enabled ITGB4 to bind KLF4, thus attenuating its interaction with its E3 ligase, the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, which subsequently decreases KLF4 ubiquitination and leads to its accumulation.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data indicate the existence of a positive feedback loop between KLF4 and ITGB4 that promotes GSC self-renewal and gliomagenesis, suggesting that ITGB4 may be a valuable therapeutic target for glioma.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on image correction method of network education assignment based on wavelet transform
Authors: Hu Weiwei
Published: January 2019

The network assignment image not only has a sharpness problem in the system audit but also the image angle deviates from the normal angle. Based on this, this study is based on image processing technology, using wavelet transform as the basic algorithm to process the image images collected by the network education system. At the same time, this study extracts the image content by wavelet transform in image edge recognition and enhances the image to enhance the image clarity. For the problem of image tilt, this study proposes a method of detecting the edge of the image with wavelet transform and then performing image tilt correction with Hough transform. In addition, this study compared the performance of the image correction method of this research and the traditional image method through experimental verification. Through comparative analysis, we can know that the performance of this research algorithm is better, and it can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.
Competence of final year otolaryngology residents with the bedside head impulse test
Authors: Lelli D A , Tse D , Vaccani J P
Published: January 2019

Background

The bedside head impulse test (bHIT) is a clinical method of assessing the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). It is a critical component of the bedside assessment of dizzy patients, and can help differentiate acute stroke from vestibular neuritis. However, there is evidence showing the bHIT is often not performed in appropriate clinical settings or is performed poorly. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the bHIT competence of graduating physicians.

Methods

23 final year Otolaryngology –Head &Neck Surgery (OTL-HNS) residents in Canada were evaluated on the use of bHIT using a written multiple-choice examination, interpretation of bHIT videos, and performance of a bHIT. Ratings of subject bHIT performance were completed by two expert examiners (DT, DL) using the previously published Ottawa Clinic Assessment Tool (OCAT).

Results

Using a cut-off of an OCAT score of 4 or greater, only 22% (rater DT) and 39% (rater DL) of residents were found able to perform the bHIT independently. Inter-rater reliability was fair (0.51, interclass correlation). The mean scores were 65% (14.1% standard deviation) on the video interpretation and 71% (20.2% standard deviation) on the multiple-choice questions. The scores on multiple choice examination did not correlate with bHIT ratings (Pearson r = 0.07) but there was fair correlation between video interpretation and bHIT ratings (Pearson r = 0.45).

Conclusion

Final year OTL-HNS residents in Canada are not adequately trained in performing the bHIT, though low interrater reliability may limit the evaluation of this bedside skill. Multiple choice examinations do not reflect bHIT skill. These findings have implications for development of competency-based curricula and evaluations in Canada in critical physical exam skills.
From Military Supplies to Wartime Commodities
Authors: Kim Jeong Min
Published: January 2019

This article examines the global and social processes that turned subsidized US war supplies into South Korean black market commodities during the Korean War. The widespread circulation of army supplies to the local black market has been often considered a natural result of the scarcity in the occupied country. Counter to this conventional account, I show how sexual transactions between Korean women and American GIs served as a crucial medium in the circulation process. I conceptualize army supplies as a quasi currency whose exchange value was realized on the black market through the commodification of women’s bodies and sexuality. This article situates the black market in wartime Korea at the intersection of close encounters between local women and American GIs, the political economy of sexuality, and a global history of war, base, and empire.
A yeast-based screening assay identifies repurposed drugs that suppress mitochondrial fusion and mtDNA maintenance defects
Authors: Delerue Thomas , Tribouillard-Tanvier Déborah , Daloyau Marlène , Khosrobakhsh Farnoosh , Emorine Laurent Jean , Friocourt Gaëlle , Belenguer Pascale , Blondel Marc , Arnauné-Pelloquin Laetitia
Published: January 2019

Mitochondria continually move, fuse and divide and these dynamics are essential for the proper function of these organelles. Indeed, the dynamic balance of fusion and fission of mitochondria determines their morphology and allows their immediate adaptation to energetic needs as well as preserving their integrity. As a consequence, mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics and the proteins that control these processes, which are conserved from yeast to human, are essential and their disturbances are associated with severe human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. For example, mutations in OPA1, that encodes a conserved factor essential for mitochondrial fusion, lead to Optic Atrophy 1, a neurodegeneration that affects the optic nerve eventually leading to blindness. Here, by screening a collection of ∼1,600 repurposed drugs on a fission yeast model, we identified five compounds able to efficiently prevent the lethality associated to the loss of Msp1p, the fission yeast orthologue of OPA1. One compound, hexestrol, was able to rescue both the mitochondrial fragmentation and mtDNA depletion induced by the loss of Msp1p, whereas the second, clomifene, only suppressed the mtDNA defect. Since yeast was already successfully used to identify candidate drugs to treat inherited mitochondrial diseases, this work may provide useful leads for the treatment of optic atrophies such as Optic Atrophy 1 or Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.
Linear ubiquitination at a glance
Authors: Spit Maureen , Rieser Eva , Walczak Henning
Published: January 2019

Ubiquitination (also known as ubiquitylation) is a post-translational modification that creates versatility in cell signalling and regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility lies in the capacity to form eight different inter-ubiquitin linkages through the seven lysine residues of ubiquitin and through its N-terminal methionine (M1). The latter, referred to as linear or M1 linkage, is created by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only E3 ligase known to date that is capable of forming linear ubiquitin chains de novo. Linear ubiquitin chains are crucial modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and act by regulating inflammatory and cell death signalling. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the current knowledge on the role of LUBAC and linear ubiquitination in immune signalling and human physiology. We specifically focus on the role for LUBAC in signalling that is induced by the cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its role in inflammation, gene activation and cell death. Furthermore, we highlight the roles of deubiquitinases (DUBs) that cleave M1 linkages and add an additional layer in the control of LUBAC-mediated immune signalling.
Force-history dependence and cyclic mechanical reinforcement of actin filaments at the single molecular level
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Eskin Suzanne G. , Ono Shoichiro , Zhu Cheng , McIntire Larry V.
Published: January 2019

The actin cytoskeleton is subjected to dynamic mechanical forces over time and the history of force loading may serve as mechanical preconditioning. While the actin cytoskeleton is known to be mechanosensitive, the mechanisms underlying force regulation of actin dynamics still need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated actin depolymerization under a range of dynamic tensile forces using atomic force microscopy. Mechanical loading by cyclic tensile forces induced significantly enhanced bond lifetimes and different force-loading histories resulted in different dissociation kinetics in G-actin–G-actin and G-actin–F-actin interactions. Actin subunits at the two ends of filaments formed bonds with distinct kinetics under dynamic force, with cyclic mechanical reinforcement more effective at the pointed end compared to that at the barbed end. Our data demonstrate force-history dependent reinforcement in actin–actin bonds and polarity of the actin depolymerization kinetics under cyclic tensile forces. These properties of actin may be important clues to understanding regulatory mechanisms underlying actin-dependent mechanotransduction and mechanosensitive cytoskeletal dynamics.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A global analysis of IFT-A function reveals specialization for transport of membrane-associated proteins into cilia
Authors: Picariello Tyler , Brown Jason M. , Hou Yuqing , Swank Gregory , Cochran Deborah A. , King Oliver D. , Lechtreck Karl , Pazour Gregory J. , Witman George B.
Published: January 2019

Intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is essential for the formation and function of cilia in most organisms, is the trafficking of IFT trains (i.e. assemblies of IFT particles) that carry cargo within the cilium. Defects in IFT cause several human diseases. IFT trains contain the complexes IFT-A and IFT-B. To dissect the functions of these complexes, we studied a Chlamydomonas mutant that is null for the IFT-A protein IFT140. The mutation had no effect on IFT-B but destabilized IFT-A, preventing flagella assembly. Therefore, IFT-A assembly requires IFT140. Truncated IFT140, which lacks the N-terminal WD repeats of the protein, partially rescued IFT and supported formation of half-length flagella that contained normal levels of IFT-B but greatly reduced amounts of IFT-A. The axonemes of these flagella had normal ultrastructure and, as investigated by SDS-PAGE, normal composition. However, composition of the flagellar ‘membrane+matrix’ was abnormal. Analysis of the latter fraction by mass spectrometry revealed decreases in small GTPases, lipid-anchored proteins and cell signaling proteins. Thus, IFT-A is specialized for the import of membrane-associated proteins. Abnormal levels of the latter are likely to account for the multiple phenotypes of patients with defects in IFT140.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Recruitment of Jub by α-catenin promotes Yki activity and Drosophila wing growth
Authors: Alégot Herve , Markosian Christopher , Rauskolb Cordelia , Yang Janice , Kirichenko Elmira , Wang Yu-Chiun , Irvine Kenneth D.
Published: January 2019

The Hippo signaling network controls organ growth through YAP family transcription factors, including the Drosophila Yorkie protein. YAP activity is responsive to both biochemical and biomechanical cues, with one key input being tension within the F-actin cytoskeleton. Several potential mechanisms for biomechanical regulation of YAP proteins have been described, including tension-dependent recruitment of Ajuba family proteins, which inhibit kinases that inactivate YAP proteins, to adherens junctions. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which the Drosophila Ajuba family protein, Jub, is recruited to adherens junctions, and the contribution of this recruitment to the regulation of Yorkie. We identify α-catenin as the mechanotransducer responsible for tension-dependent recruitment of Jub by identifying a region of α-catenin that associates with Jub, and by identifying a region, which when deleted, allows constitutive, tension-independent recruitment of Jub. We also show that increased Jub recruitment to α-catenin is associated with increased Yorkie activity and wing growth, even in the absence of increased cytoskeletal tension. Our observations establish α-catenin as a multi-functional mechanotransducer and confirm Jub recruitment to α-catenin as a key contributor to biomechanical regulation of Hippo signaling.
Constitutive IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release reduces Ca2+ store content and stimulates mitochondrial metabolism in mouse GV oocytes
Authors: Wakai Takuya , Fissore Rafael A.
Published: January 2019

In mammals, fertilization initiates Ca2+ oscillations in metaphase II oocytes, which are required for the activation of embryo development. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes also display Ca2+ oscillations, although these unfold spontaneously in the absence of any known agonist(s) and their function remains unclear. We found that the main intracellular store of Ca2+ in GV oocytes, the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]ER), constitutively ‘leaks’ Ca2+ through the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. The [Ca2+]ER leak ceases around the resumption of meiosis, the GV breakdown (GVBD) stage, which coincides with the first noticeable accumulation of Ca2+ in the stores. It also concurs with downregulation of the Ca2+ influx and termination of the oscillations, which seemed underpinned by the inactivation of the putative plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Lastly, we demonstrate that mitochondria take up Ca2+ during the Ca2+ oscillations, mounting their own oscillations that stimulate the mitochondrial redox state and increase the ATP levels of GV oocytes. These distinct features of Ca2+ homeostasis in GV oocytes are likely to underpin the acquisition of both maturation and developmental competence, as well as fulfill stage-specific cellular functions during oocyte maturation.
The integral function of the endocytic recycling compartment is regulated by RFFL-mediated ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors
Authors: Sakai Ryohei , Fukuda Ryosuke , Unida Shin , Aki Misaki , Ono Yuji , Endo Akinori , Kusumi Satoshi , Koga Daisuke , Fukushima Toshiaki , Komada Masayuki , Okiyoneda Tsukasa
Published: January 2019

Endocytic trafficking is regulated by ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) of cargoes and endocytic machineries. The role of ubiquitylation in lysosomal delivery has been well documented, but its role in the recycling pathway is largely unknown. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase RFFL regulates ubiquitylation of endocytic recycling regulators. An RFFL dominant-negative (DN) mutant induced clustering of endocytic recycling compartments (ERCs) and delayed endocytic cargo recycling without affecting lysosomal traffic. A BioID RFFL interactome analysis revealed that RFFL interacts with the Rab11 effectors EHD1, MICALL1 and class I Rab11-FIPs. The RFFL DN mutant strongly captured these Rab11 effectors and inhibited their ubiquitylation. The prolonged interaction of RFFL with Rab11 effectors was sufficient to induce the clustered ERC phenotype and to delay cargo recycling. RFFL directly ubiquitylates these Rab11 effectors in vitro, but RFFL knockout (KO) only reduced the ubiquitylation of Rab11-FIP1. RFFL KO had a minimal effect on the ubiquitylation of EHD1, MICALL1, and Rab11-FIP2, and failed to delay transferrin recycling. These results suggest that multiple Ub ligases including RFFL regulate the ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors, determining the integral function of the ERC.
Energetics and behavior of coral reef fishes during oscillatory swimming in a simulated wave surge
Authors: Marcoux Travis M. , Korsmeyer Keith E.
Published: January 2019

Oxygen consumption rates were measured for coral reef fishes during swimming in a bidirectional, oscillatory pattern to simulate station-holding in wave-induced, shallow water flows. For all species examined, increases in wave intensity, as simulated by increases in frequency and amplitude of oscillation, yielded increased metabolic rates and net costs of swimming (NCOS; swimming metabolic rate minus standard metabolic rate). Comparing species with different swimming modes, the caudal-fin swimming Kuhlia spp. (Kuhliidae) and simultaneous pectoral-caudal fin swimming Amphiprion ocellaris (Pomacentridae) turned around to face the direction of swimming most of the time, while the median-paired fin (MPF) swimmers, the pectoral -fin swimming Ctenochaetus strigosus (Acanthuridae) and dorsal-anal fin swimming Sufflamen bursa (Balistidae), more frequently swam in reverse for one half of the oscillation to avoid turning. Contrary to expectations, the body-caudal fin (BCF) swimming Kuhlia spp. had the lowest overall NCOS in the oscillatory swimming regime compared with the MPF swimmers. However, when examining the effect of increasing frequency of oscillation at similar average velocities, the Kuhlia spp. showed a 24% increase in NCOS with a 50% increase in direction changes and accelerations. The two strict MPF swimmers had lower increases on average, suggestive of reduced added costs with increasing frequency of direction changes with this swimming mode. Further studies are needed on the costs of unsteady swimming to determine if these differences can explain the observed prevalence of fishes using the MPF, pectoral-fin swimming mode in reef habitats exposed to high, wave-surge induced water flows.
Die verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe nach venöser Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs R. , Schimmelpfennig J.
Published: January 2019

Die medikamentöse Therapie thromboembolischer Erkrankungen gilt als standardisiert und effektiv in den meisten Fällen. Dass nach dem Absetzen der Antikoagulation Rezidive auftreten, ist seit Jahren bekannt und zwar sowohl nach TVT, nach LE und auch nach OVT. Erst seit kurzem hat man sich mit diesem speziellen Patientenklientel, dessen Anamnese und den möglichen auslösenden Risikofaktoren detaillierter beschäftigt. Es wurde notwendig, eine exaktere Differenzierung der Risikofaktoren zu formulieren und in Bezug darauf, die Art und Weise und die Dauer der medikamentösen Sekundärprophylaxe zu spezifizieren. Hierbei sind neben VKA auch die Neuzulassungen von NOAK`s für diese Indikation hilfreich. ASS hat in dieser Beziehung keinen Stellenwert mehr. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein „Ampel-System” entwickelt, welches den behandelnden Ärzten bei der Abschätzung des individuellen Rezidivrisikos hilfreich sein soll.
Technical Note—Error Noted in “Order-Based Cost Optimization in Assemble-to-Order Systems” by Lu and Song (2005)
Authors: Bolandnazar Mohammadreza , Huh Woonghee Tim , McCormick S. Thomas , Murota Kazuo
Published: January 2019

Discrete convexity, which extends submodularity to integer vectors, has been used in the economics and management literature to characterize the behavior of optimal policies. One of its variants, called L♮-convexity, has enabled recent advances in various operations management systems. In a paper published by Operations Research in 2005, an assemble-to-order inventory system was shown to have the L♮-convexity property, which was used to motivate an efficient algorithm. In a technical note, “Error Noted in ‘Order-Based Cost Optimization in Assemble-to-Order Systems’ by Lu and Song (2005)” by Bolandnazar, Huh, McCormick, and Murota, the authors show that the proof in that paper is incorrect and L♮-convexity may not hold. Despite this error, the authors credit Lu and Song for introducing this useful concept to the operations management community.
Explaining the Popularity of Cultural Elements: Networks, Culture, and the Structural Embeddedness of High Fashion Trends
Authors: Godart Frédéric C. , Galunic Charles
Published: January 2019

When organizations strategically adopt cultural elements—such as a name, a color, or a style—to create their products, they make crucial choices that position them in markets vis-à-vis competitors, audiences, and other stakeholders. However, although it is well understood how one specific cultural element gets adopted by actors and diffuses, it is not yet clear how elements fare when considered within an industry choice-set of elements. Their popularity depends on idiosyncratic features (such as the category they belong to), or on structural factors such as their embeddedness (through connections to producers, audiences, or even other cultural elements). We develop an integrated perspective on the popularity of cultural elements in markets. We use a network perspective to show that the popularity of elements is fostered by being structurally embedded among many unconnected elements, in addition to not being affiliated to actors widely exposed in the media. We develop our study by using a unique data set of fashion stylistic elements in the global high-end fashion industry from 1998 to 2010.
Linguagem, Funções Executivas e Técnicas de Mapeamento Cerebral nos Primeiros Anos de Vida: Uma Revisão
Authors: Oliveira Maria Clara Veloso de , Pessôa Luciana Fontes , Alves Heloisa Veiga Dias
Published: January 2019

Atualmente, diversas técnicas estão disponíveis para o estudo do ser humano e seu funcionamento. No que diz respeito ao funcionamento cerebral, técnicas de mapeamento cerebral como a eletroencefalografia (EEG), entre outras, nos oferecem insights importantes acerca das habilidades cognitivas, a forma na qual estas se manifestam a nível orgânico, não somente comportamental, e ainda como estas se desenvolvem ao longo da vida do indivíduo. Duas habilidades, amplamente estudadas em indivíduos adultos, mas ainda pouco exploradas na faixa etária mais jovem e, principalmente, em crianças, nos seus primeiros estágios do desenvolvimento, compreendem a linguagem e as funções executivas através das técnicas de mapeamento cerebral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica referente aos estudos que investigam os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento destas funções, utilizando-se também do recurso da eletroencefalografia, apontando os benefícios dessas investigações para a área do desenvolvimento infantil. Apesar de ser um tema relevante para a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, não foram identificados trabalhos, na literatura científica nacional, correlacionando estes três aspectos. Sugere-se a realização e publicação de estudos nacionais visando à adaptação e validação de instrumentos direcionados às etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento no ciclo vital.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Al-Rashid Fauwaz , Meqdam Mamdoh , Al-Ajlan Hisham , Al-Mogbel Mohammed
Published: January 2019

Enterococcus faecium are one of the most prevalent species cultured from humans and they have become increasingly common cause of infections in the hospital settings globally. The objective of current study was to characterize 26 E. faecium isolates collected from different patients attending Maternity Hospital in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. The bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and the antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Microscan. Whole genome sequencing of a single vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VRE) was performed using MiSeq. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that, 99%, 90%, 83% and 73% of isolates were resistant to Clindamycin, Gentamicin, Oxacillin and Tetracycline respectively. One (3%) among 26 E. faecium isolates was found to produce resistance to vancomycin. The WGS analysis of VRE showed that it belonged to ST280 and was found to harbor vanB gene cassette. This is the first report of VRE from the Ha’il region of Saudi Arabia. VRE may act as a reservoir for multidrug resistant genes and other important virulence factors that favor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the surveillance studies to prevent dissemination of VRE shall be implemented in the healthcare facilities all across Saudi Arabia.
Evaluation of Effectiveness and Persistence of three Slow Release Formulations against Aedes Aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Al-Azab Abbas Mohamed , Shaalan Essam Abdel-salam
Published: January 2019

A laboratory evaluation of three slow-release formulations (SRFs) of spinosad tablets, sumilarv granules and du-dim tablets was carried out in 20 liters plastic containers. The tested formulations were applied according to recommended doses to evaluate their efficacy and longevity against Ae. aegypti. The results revealed that the tested SRFs achieved complete inhibition of adult stages emergence of Ae. aegypti in the first four weeks and gave continuous effective with 50-100% for 98, 86 and 78 days post -treatment by using spinosad tablets, sumilarv granules and du-dim tablets respectively. The highest larval mortality was observed for spinosad followed by sumilarv and du-dim, it gave 1.3 folds than sumilarv and 1.1 folds with du-dium, whereas sumilarv and du-dium were more effective on pupal mortality than spinosad. On the other hand, morphological abnormalities were observed in larval and pupal stages of Ae. aegypti as delayed effects by tested formulations. This study highlighted that these SRFs could be used as potential larvicidal compounds in mosquito control programs as a single treatment and provide satisfactory results and continuous control against the dengue vector Ae. aegypti for several weeks.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THORACIC IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Mikhailovsky Mikhail Vitalyevich , Novikov Vyacheslav Viktorovich , Vasyura Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Gubina Elena Vladimirovna , Khanaev Albert Leonidovich , Lavrova Galina Petrovna , Udalova Inga Gennadyevna , Verkhoturova Viktoria Teimurazovma , Sarnadsky Vladimir Nikolayevich
Published: January 2019

Objective. To analyze results of surgical treatment of patients with thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Material and Methods. Fifty-two patients with Lenke type 1 idiopathic scoliosis were operated on. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 weeks to 8 years (mean 1.8 years). Surgical treatment included four types of operation: spine deformity correction with CD instrumentation; supramalleolar-andskull traction and CDI correction; discectomy and interbody fusion with bone autograft and CDI correction; supramalleolar- and-skull traction, discectomy and interbody fusion with bone autograft, and CDI correction. Patients were interrogated with pre- and postoperative SRS-24 questionnaires and examined with Computer Optical Topograph (COMOT). Results. Scoliosis was corrected from a mean of 67.7° to 26.6°, with a mean deformity value being 30.3° at the last follow- up. Thus, postoperative progression of the thoracic curve with a mean follow-up 1.8 years was 3.7° (9 % from the achieved correction). Anterior fusion provided a threefold decrease in postoperative progression. Sagittal shape of the thoracic and lumbar spine remained within norm limits. The location of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) relative to a neutral vertebra, lower stable vertebra and neutralized disc did not reliably influence on the postoperative course. Postoperative deformity progression was associated only with increase in LIV tilt. SRS-24 data showed a high rate of patients’ satisfaction with the obtained effect of treatment, the rate growing with the extension of follow-up terms. Severe complications were not observed. Conclusion. Modern 3rd generation segmental instrumentation allows to obtain stable and high results of treatment for single curve thoracic idiopathic deformities, while all regularities of postoperative course are not fully understood yet.
PROVOKING DISCOGRAPHY: PRO ET CONTRA
Authors: Prodan Aleksandr Ivanovich , Kutsenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kolesnichenko Vera Anatolyevna
Published: January 2019

The article is a current concept review on the problem of differentiation of vertebrogenic pain by provoking discography. Abstracts from Medline, and such journals as Spine, European Spine Journal, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and from leading periodicals of Russia and Ukraine within last 10 years were used in preparing the review.
CALL FOR DISCUSSION Idiopathic scoliosis and Scheuermann’s disease: a single pathology?
Authors: Zaidman Alla Mikhailovna
Published: January 2019

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Bioactivity-guided isolation of alkamides from a cytotoxic fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. roots.
Authors: Hamimed Souad , Boulebda Nadji , Laouer Hocine , Belkhiri Abdelmalik
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The alcohol extract of Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) roots has been previously shown to exert anticancer activities on the Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HCT) by targeting apoptosis, metastasis and cell cycle arrest. However, the nature of the cytotoxic molecules associated with this activity remains unexplored.

Aims. This study aims to reinvestigate Pellitory root extract as regard to its cytotoxic activity and to proceed to a bioguided fractionation to explore its active fraction and to give new insight in their phytochemical constituents.

Methods. Powdered roots were subjected to repeated extraction with Petroleum ether (Pe), Chloroform (Ch), Ethyl acetate (Ea) and Methanol (Me). Pellitory extracts were then screened for cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) bioassay.

Results. Ea extract exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity, with LC50 of 249.26 μg/mL in the BSL bioassay. The remaining extracts (Pe,Ch,Me) treated groups exhibited no or low mortality in the range of tested concentrations (1-1000 µg/mL). BSL assay-guided chromatographic fractionation of Ea active Extract revealed a highly cytotoxic fraction (F11) with LC50 of 42.5 µg/mL. Multistep purifications of the active F11 fraction afforded four alkamides, namely N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide or Pellitorine (I), N-propyldodeca- -2,8-dienamide (II), N-isobutyltetradeca-2,4-dienamide (III) and N-propylnona-2,5- -dienamide (IV).

Conclusions. This study suggests that cytotoxic activity is localized mainly in the ethyl acetate extract (Ea) of pellitory roots. BSL assay fractionation of this active extract leads to the isolation of four alkamides, including pellitorine (I). While this isobutyl alkamide has previously shown strong cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, the other compounds (II to IV) were not previously reported as cytotoxic. Subsequently, the isolated alkamides will be considered in future study as candidates for in depth in-vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity against cancer and normal cell lines. Finally, through this study, BSL assay demonstrate again its usefulness as bench-top assay in exploring plant extracts for cytotoxic compounds.
Phenolic compounds of herbal infusions obtained from some species of theLamiaceaefamily
Authors: Shanaida Mariia , Golembiovska Olena , Hudz Nataliia , Wieczorek Piotr P.
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was to estimate the total phenolic content and composition of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in herbal infusions obtained from aerial parts of threeLamiaceaespecies (Dracocephalum moldavica, Ocimum americanumandSatureja hortensis). The total phenolic content of herbal infusions was determined using a spectrophotometric method, whereas the individual phenolics were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method was developed and validated. The total phenolic content was measured by applying the Folin-Ciocalteu method with reference to gallic acid. Results were in the range from 29.39 to 65.38 mg estimated as gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry herb. The phenolic profile was, in turn, analysed by HPLC and consisted of gallic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, and rosmarinic) and flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside and catechin) in different concentrations. Rosmarinic acid was the predominant component among the hydroxycinnamic acids in herbal infusions of all three plants. This was found to be in the range of 3.64 to 5.28 mg per gram of dry herb. Apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin and hyperoside were the prevailing flavonoid components of the infusions.
Pathological lesions in the oral cavity in the course of connective tissue diseases
Authors: Bednarek-Hatlinska Daria , Prymas Anna , Mrall-Wechta Marta , Surdacka Anna
Published: January 2019

Dentistry, is one of the intensively and rapidly growing branches of medicine. This prompts dentists to take an interdisciplinary approach to their patients. Thus, the dentist, being a general practitioner, can make significant contributions to the early diagnosis of systemic disease and the faster implementation of appropriate treatment. In view of the aforementioned, we undertook research on the relationship of pathological changes observed in the oral cavity with diseases of the connective tissue system. Collagenosis is a chronic autoimmune disease initiated by many factors, among which the genetic factor and viral infections are mentioned. The changes observed in the oral cavity may be a picture of the disease, a complication of the disease or a side effect of the treatment. The aim of the study is, thus, too present the pathological changes in the oral cavity which often accompany collagenosis, and to discuss the risk factors of connective tissue system diseases and methods of dental treatment.
Germination and Protocorm Formation of Ophrys Sphegodes Mill. – In Vitro Protocol for a Rare Orchid Species
Authors: Dulić Jovana , Ljubojević Mirjana , Prlainović Ines , Barać Goran , Narandžić Tijana , Ognjanov Vladislav
Published: January 2019

Ophrys sphegodes Mill. is a wild orchid species which is threatened and protected due to its pollination biology, small seed and habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to establish asymbiotic germination protocol for the purpose of ex situ conservation. Two basal media Knudson C (KC) and Malmgren (MM), supplemented with organic additives (peptone (PE), L-glutamin (A)e, folic acid, casein hydrolysate (CA)) added separately and control media KC--C and MM--C were used in the present research. All the nutrition media contained 2% sucrose, 7% agar and 1% activated carbon, while their pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.02 before autoclaving at 121 ° C for 20 minutes. The seeds were examined under two illumination conditions, 0/24 light/dark (L/D) and 16/8 L/D. The presented results indicate a huge influence of illumination and nutrition media on the seed germination and protocorm formation. The seed germination was overall significantly more successful in dark conditions (0/24 L/D) than with lighting (16/8 L/D). Protocorm, rhizoids and shoot formation were achieved only on the seeds cultured on MM medium, while the KC medium caused only swelling of the embryo. Organic additives had positive influence on the germination rate. According to the obtained results, the best germination rate and seedling development were achieved on MM-PE media, cultured in dark. The presented procedure accelerates the germination period and can provide a large number of plants in a relatively short period of time so it can be used for conservation programs and mass production protocol.