bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF 1% Nа ON THE INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE ATOMS IN NITROGEN MICROWAVE PLASMA WITH AXIAL AND RADIAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Komin Oleg V. , Pelipasov Oleg V.
Published: November 2021

The effect of 1% Na with axial and radial observation of microwave plasma on the analytical characteristics of the optical spectrometer “Grand-Microwave” is investigated. The presence of 1% Na in the analyzed sample leads to a decrease in the intensities of spectral lines with energies of 6 - 14 eV with the axial observation method by 8 - 50 times, and with the radial method by 2,5 - 8 times, depending on the observation area. The intensity of lines with energies of 1.6 - 6 eV increases by up to 20 times in the axial view, and by 4 to 6 times in the radial view. In the presence of Na, the ratio of the intensities of Mg (II) 280 nm and Mg (I) 285 nm decreases by 2 orders of magnitude for both observation methods, the temperature at the periphery of the axial view of the plasma decreases by 1300 K, and the temperature at the lower boundary of the radial view decreases by 2300 K. The method and scope of the review for the analysis of 25 chemical elements with minimal matrix influences Na and the efficiency of using the recommended areas was evaluated.
OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR INSPECTION OF GEOMETRY OF MIXING GRIDS OF FUEL ASSEMBLIES
Authors: Vlasov Evgeny V. , Zavyalov Petr S. , Savchenko Mark V.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a high-performance inspection system for mixing grids of fuel assemblies is considered. The operating principle is based on the shadow measurement method. The developed telecentric lens with a large field of view (250 mm) makes it possible to obtain an image of the whole grid with a high degree of orthoscopicity in one frame. Algorithms for processing images of mixing grids for calculating their geometric parameters have been developed.
The Effect Of PER and Dividend Yield On Banking Share Prices The Idx In 2020
Authors: Lubis Syarif Hidayah , Yando Agus Defri
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of PER and Dividend Yield on banking stock prices in 2020. The method used in this study is a quantitative type using secondary data using a target population of 44, while for the determination of the population of the Non-Sampling type. The probability is 16 and the analysis used is SPSS version 22. The results in this study found that PER partially has no effect on share prices, dividend yield partially has no effect on price Shares, PER and Dividend Yield simultaneously have no effect on Stock Prices.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI HARGA SAHAM TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Kriswahyuni Eky , Effendi Syahril
Published: November 2021

Transportation and logistics companies are sectors of companies that are affected by the presence of Covid-19.The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of financial analysis with liquidity, activity, profitability and solvency partially and simultaneously on stock prices in the transportation and logistics sectors. The method used in this research is secondary data analysis of the financial statements of transportation and logistics companies listed on the IDX from 2015-2019 which are quantitative with a population of 60, the number of samples is 11 using non-probability purposive sampling type so that 55 data reports finance. The results of the study partially show that the liquidity value has no effect on stock prices, activity affects stock prices with a value of, profitability affects stock prices with a value of, solvency has no effect on stock prices with a value of. Simultaneously (simultaneously) Liquidity, Activity, Profitability, Solvency on share prices.
PENGARUH JENJANG PENDIDIKAN DAN SKALA USAHA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM KECAMATAN PAMULANG KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Dewi Eka kusuma , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Published: November 2021

One of the big problems of SMEs that happen in Indonesia is manual bookkeeping. Therefore, it leads to difficulty in calculating turnover, gross profit, and net profit, inhibiting SMEs from growing and scaling up the business. This study aims to observe and determine whether there is an influence of Education Level and Business Scale on the Use of Accounting Information in SMEs in Pamulang District Tangerang Selatan. The tests carried out show that the education level variable significantly affects and the business scale variable does not influence users of accounting information. Based on the F test, it is known that the level of education and the scale of business together significantly affect users of accounting information. So it can be concluded that the results of this study indicate that the education level of the MSME actors affects the use of accounting information in their respective units
PENGARUH EFEKTIFITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA BATAM
Authors: Effendi Syahril
Published: November 2021

The development of information technology is currently growing rapidly, moreover the formation of The purpose of this study is to find answers to determine the effectiveness of parking tax and the contribution of parking tax to local revenue, where in the era of regional autonomy, local governments are required to always increase their regional revenues, such as increasing local tax revenues through billboard tax revenues. Tax revenue through advertising billboards in the city of Batam provides an undeniable contribution to regional revenue. However, in practice it has not yet come close to its true potential, besides that the preparation of this tax target is only based on previous years' experience. The length of this research was conducted from April to July 2016. The object of this research is Batam City Dispenda. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, namely the sampling technique using certain considerations or purposive sampling using financial reports from 2015 to 2019. The results of hypothesis testing using the multiple regression analysis method show that simultaneously the effectiveness of parking tax and the contribution of parking tax has a significant effect on local revenue. While partially the effectiveness of parking tax has a significant relationship to local revenue, however, the contribution of parking tax has a significant effect on local revenue at the Batam City Dispenda
PENERAPAN ALTMAN Z-SCORE DALAM MEPREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN PADA PT BANK DANAMON INDONESIA Tbk
Authors: Simatupang Eva Malina
Published: November 2021

The tittle of research was "The Implementation of Altman Z-Score in Predicting Bankruptcy at PT Bank Danamon Indonesia Tbk. The purpose of this research was conducted to determine the risk of bankruptcy of PT Bank Danamon Tbk according to Altman Z-Score. The population in this research was the financial statement of PT Bank DanamonTbk and the samples in this research were reports of financial position (balance sheet) and income statement of PT Bank Danamon Tbk period 2018 – 2020. The type of data used is secondary data and the data collection techniques used were the documentation of the financial statements published through website https://www.danamon.co.id . The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics and the Altman Z-Score Modification method. Based on the results of the data processing obtained Z-Score results at 2018 was 2,251 ; at 2019 was 2,4424; at 2020 was 2,0052. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that PT Bank Danamon Tbk is in the gray zone because the standard cut off value is 1.1 < Z < 2.6. Bank Danamon is in a vulnerable condition (grey area) which means the company has the potential to experience financial difficulties but can still be overcome.
Identificación de amenazas informáticas aplicando arquitecturas de Big Data
Authors: Balseca-Chávez Fabián , Colina-Vargas Alejandra Mercedes , Espinoza-Mina Marcos Antonio
Published: November 2021

El uso masivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones ha ocasionado la interdependencia de la sociedad respecto de estas; sumado a la ausencia de controles eficientes y efectivos a nivel general, incrementan la exposición a los ataques o amenazas informáticas, a las vulnerabilidades en los activos de información de las organizaciones. En este contexto, el presente artículo propone una arquitectura de análisis de datos a través de herramientas de Big Data mediante la utilización de eventos o registros de seguridad, que permitan mejorar la identificación, integración y correlación de eventos. La metodología de la investigación soportada se caracterizó por ser exploratoria y descriptiva. Para el desarrollo de la solución propuesta se empleó las fases del procesamiento de Big Data propuesta por Labrinidis y Jagadish, que permita la identificación de amenazas de informáticas. La arquitectura tecnológica diseñada se basó en la integración de Elastic Stack y sus componentes principales (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), y tecnologías como Filebeat y Wazuh Security Detection (NIPS/HIDS), gestionando la seguridad en activos de información como equipos de comunicaciones, servidores de datos y aplicaciones, motores de bases de datos, y terminales de usuario final. Su implementación permitiría la supervisión en tiempo real e histórica de una respuesta ágil y efectiva de alertas de seguridad e informes de estado ante incidentes.
Factores explicativos de la rentabilidad de las microempresas: Un estudio aplicado al sector comercio
Authors: Zambrano-Farías Fernando José , Rivera-Naranjo Carlos Iván , Quimi-Franco Dennise Ivonne , Flores-Villacrés Emilio Javier
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los factores que explican la rentabilidad económica de las microempresas que pertenecen al sector comercio de la provincia del Guayas mediante un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con datos suministrados por 788 empresas que reportaron sus estados financieros a la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros en el año 2019. Los resultados de estudio mostraron que el endeudamiento, el nivel de liquidez y el tamaño tienen una relación negativa y significativa con la rentabilidad. Este estudio también muestra que la rotación de activos, el capital de trabajo y el impacto de los gastos administrativos tienen una incidencia directa con el rendimiento sobre activo. Esta investigación pone de manifiesto la importancia de la información contable y financiera para explicar el comportamiento de la rentabilidad económica. Las conclusiones de este estudio pretenden ofrecer orientaciones a las empresas sobre las estrategias que deben adoptar para mejorar su rendimiento.
Mapping Online Geographical Indication: Agri-Food Markets on E-Retail Shelves
Authors: Fracarolli Guilherme Silva
Published: November 2021

Economics has been trying to understand market functioning for a long time. However, the neoclassical approach does not satisfy the understanding of the mechanisms that operate in the construction, stabilization, and transformation of markets. For this reason, economic sociology proposes to provide subsidies from causal pluralism, rejecting explanatory theories of purely rational choices. Therefore, the use of sociological theories in the understanding of agri-food markets is also necessary. In this sense, this work aimed to compare the market for agri-food products with a geographical indication (GI) between the European Union (EU) and Mercosur, based on the performance of brands and supermarkets in both regions. For this, we used a data survey of thousands of products and respective GI registrations in the most prominent online markets of countries in both regions. We applied analyses that differentiated the economic blocs and used field theory to explain the phenomena found in the findings. The results indicated the formation of relevant bands in the GI market, a little voluminous, but capable of crossing borders, a second, with the majority of GIs found that are only commercialized locally, and a third invisible, where most products are located, which do not exist in these markets. Furthermore, supermarkets’ own brands have great relevance and are decisive in building the market.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Lettuce Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians Populations Collected in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Hébert Pierre-Olivier , Laforest Martin , Xu Dong , Ciotola Marie , Cadieux Mélanie , Beaulieu Carole , Toussaint Vicky
Published: November 2021

Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, is an economically important disease worldwide. For instance, it caused around 4 million CAD in losses in only a few months during the winter of 1992 in Florida. Because only one pesticide is registered to control this disease in Canada, the development of lettuce cultivars tolerant to bacterial leaf spot remains the most promising approach to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease in lettuce fields. The lack of information about the genetic diversity of the pathogen, however, impairs breeding programs, especially when disease resistance is tested on newly developed lettuce germplasm lines. To evaluate the diversity of X. hortorum pv. vitians, a multilocus sequence analysis was performed on 694 isolates collected in Eastern Canada through the summers of 2014 to 2017 and two isolates in 1996 and 2007. All isolates tested were clustered into five phylogroups. Six pathotypes were identified following pathogenicity tests conducted in greenhouses, but when phylogroups were compared with pathotypes, no correlation could be drawn. However, in vitro production of xanthan and xanthomonadins was investigated, and isolates with higher production of xanthomonadins were generally causing less severe symptoms on the tolerant cultivar Little Gem. Whole-genome sequencing was undertaken for 95 isolates belonging to the pathotypes identified, and de novo assembly made with reads unmapped to the reference strain’s genome sequence resulted in 694 contigs ranging from 128 to 120,795 bp. Variant calling was performed prior to genome-wide association studies computed with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy-number variants and gaps. Polymorphisms with significant p-values were only found on the cultivar Little Gem. Our results allowed molecular identification of isolates likely to cause bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, using two SNPs identified through genome-wide association study.
Effect of Pollen Genotype, Temperature and Period of Storage on In Vitro Germinability and In Vivo Seed Set in Chrysanthemum—Preliminary Study
Authors: Miler Natalia , Wozny Anita
Published: November 2021

Among many challenges in chrysanthemum cross-breeding, the access to viable pollen for hybridization of cultivars distant in location and different in flowering time is required. Low pollen viability along with incompatibility are mainly responsible for low seed set in modern chrysanthemum cultivars. The aim of the study was to test various temperatures and periods of pollen storage of Chrysanthemum × morifolium in order to elaborate the method of chrysanthemum pollen preservation for cross-breeding purposes. In the first experiment, in vitro pollen germination of four cultivars was investigated following storage at 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C, for one, four, and eight weeks. The second experiment focused on in vivo seed set after one week pollen treatment with 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C (three pollen donor cultivars tested). Pollen in vitro germinability, as well as seed set efficiency, was generally low and cultivar dependent. Independent of the period of storage, stored pollen germinability was lower (5.30–6.63%) than fresh pollen (8.15%). Incubation of pollen in −80 °C significantly increased pollen germinability (9.80%), as well as seed set efficiency in comparison to control (19.28% and 10.21%, respectively) provided the cultivars are compatible. Among cultivars, the highest germinability of pollen was found in ‘Brda’ and ‘Donna’ (8.2% and 8.23%, respectively), while ‘Bydgoszczanka’ showed the lowest germinability (2.97%). There were also pollen genotype dependent effects in in vivo seed set efficiency, which was highest in ’Brda’ (17.57%) and much lower in ‘Jutrzenka’ and ‘Polka’ (1.34% and 0.39%, respectively), which contributed to the incompatibility of crossed cultivars rather than pollen viability.
Supplemental Effects of Phytase on Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in the Jejunum and the Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, and Bone Parameters in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Moita Vitor Hugo C. , Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of phytase on modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, bone parameters, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty newly hatched broiler chickens (Ross 308) (44 ± 2 g BW) were randomly allotted in 6 treatments with 10 birds per cage based on a completely randomized design and fed for 27 d. The treatments consisted of one negative control (NC), diet formulated meeting the requirements suggested by Ross recommendations (2019), and without phytase supplementation. The other treatments consisted of a positive control diet (PC) formulated with 0.15% deficient Ca and P and split into 5 treatments with different phytase inclusion levels (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 FTU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to feeds as an indigestible marker to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. On d 27, 3 birds were randomly selected from each cage and euthanized to collect samples for analyzing the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, oxidative stress status, AID, and bone parameters. Data were analyzed using the proc Mixed of SAS 9.4. Phytase supplementation tended to have a quadratic effect (p = 0.078) on the overall ADG (maximum: 41 g/d at 2833 FTU/kg of feed). Supplementation of phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced (p < 0.05) Pelomonas. Moreover, it tended to reduce Helicobacter (p = 0.085), Pseudomonas (p = 0.090) Sphingomonas (p = 0.071). Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the villus height and the AID of CP; and tended to increase (p = 0.086) the AID of P. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) breaking strength and P content in the tibia. In conclusion, phytase supplementation showed potential benefits on the modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum by tending to reduce harmful bacteria (Pelomonas, Helicobacter, and Pseudomonas) and increase beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus). In addition, it showed positive effects increasing apparent ileal digestibility of CP and P, enhancing intestinal morphology (villus height), and improving the bone parameters (bone breaking strength, ash, and P content). Phytase supplementation at a range of 38 to 59 FTU/d or 600 to 950 FTU/kg of feed provided the most benefits related to nutrient digestibility.
Comparative Study of Indirect Fluorescent Antibody, ELISA, and Immunochromatography Tests for Serological Diagnosis of Bovine Babesiosis Caused by Babesia bovis
Authors: Lira-Amaya José Juan , Martínez-García Grecia , Santamaria-Espinosa R. Montserrat , Castañeda-Arriola Roberto O. , Ojeda-Carrasco Juan J. , Ávila-Ramírez Guillermina , Figueroa-Millán Julio V.
Published: November 2021

The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) is the most frequently used test to conduct seroepidemiological studies so far, and it is regarded as the "gold standard" test for the serological diagnosis of bovine babesiosis. The aim of the present study was to compare the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the rapid immunochromatography test (ICT) for use in the serological diagnosis of cattle exposed to B. bovis in Mexico. The evaluation of test performance was carried out with 30 positive and 30 negative reference sera. A total of 72 bovine sera samples collected from cattle in a region with endemic bovine babesiosis were analyzed by ELISA and ICT, and the results were compared with those of IFAT. Kappa value (k) was also calculated to determine the agreement between tests. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting antibodies against B. bovis were 87% (26/30) and 80% (24/30), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ICT for detecting antibodies against B. bovis were 90% (27/30) and 83.3% (25/30), respectively. The overall concordance determined for ELISA and ICT was 94.4% (68/72) and 98.6% (71/72), respectively, when the results were compared with those of IFAT. ICT was more sensitive and specific in this comparative study, showing good strength of agreement (k = 0.79) with respect to IFAT. ICT combines a strip-based assay system that is fast, practical, and sensitive for detection of antibodies to B. bovis, which suggests that it could be applied in the field without requiring any laboratory equipment for its use and interpretation of test results.
Effect of 6-Month Feeding with a Diet Enriched in EPA + DHA from Fish Meat on the Blood Metabolomic Profile of Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Pasławski Robert , Kurosad Agnieszka , Ząbek Adam , Pasławska Urszula , Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka , Michałek Marcin , Młynarz Piotr
Published: November 2021

Animal nutrition plays an important role in the therapy of many diseases, including heart failure. The aim was to assess whether 6 months of feeding an AEP + ADH enriched diet (from fish meat) in dogs suffering from heart failure due to mitral degeneration impacts the dogs’ metabolic profile and clinical status. Twenty small breed dogs were included: 50% were in stage B2 of MMVD and 50%, in stage C according to ACVIM. Dogs were randomly divided into two groups. One group receiving a standard diet, the second one a diet enriched with EPA + DHA (from fish meat). All dogs continued to receive appropriate therapy throughout the study. Control examinations were performed at the start of the study, after 3 and 6 months of appropriate feeding. Examinations included ECG, ECHO, blood hemathology and biochemistry, morphometric measurements, body fat index and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness. Serum samples were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Data were analyzed using the Progenesis QI (PQI, Non-linear Dynamics). The results showed no differences in clinical, cardiological, haematological and biochemical parameters between the two study groups. An effect on the metabolomic profile following a continued diet enriched in DHA + EPA (from fish meat) was more pronounced with time. After 6 months of feeding the diete enriched with DHA + EPA (from fish meat), there was a favorable reduction in glycerophosphocholine and xanthine levels, but an adverse increase in lactate and furvan and a decrease in alanine was not stopped.
The Sometimes Context-Specific Habituation: Theoretical Challenges to Associative Accounts
Authors: Uribe-Bahamonde Yerco E. , Jorquera Orlando E. , Vogel Edgar H.
Published: November 2021

A substantial corpus of experimental research indicates that in many species, long-term habituation appears to depend on context–stimulus associations. Some authors have recently emphasized that this type of outcome supports Wagner’s priming theory, which affirms that responding is diminished when the eliciting stimulus is predicted by the context where the animal encountered that stimulus in the past. Although we agree with both the empirical reality of the phenomenon as well as the principled adequacy of the theory, we think that the available evidence is more provocative than conclusive and that there are a few nontrivial empirical and theoretical issues that need to be worked out by researchers in the future. In this paper, we comment on these issues within the framework of a quantitative version of priming theory, the SOP model.
A Critical Overview on Prostaglandin Inhibitors and Their Influence on Pregnancy Results after Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Cows
Authors: Jaśkowski Bartłomiej M. , Opałka Adam , Gehrke Marek , Herudzińska Magdalena , Czeladko Jarosław , Baumgartner Walter , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M.
Published: November 2021

Assisted reproductive techniques in cattle, such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET), are widely used. Despite many years of methodological improvements, the pregnancy rate (PR) in cows has not increased in direct proportion with their development. Among the possibilities to increase the PR is the use of certain steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The antiluteolytic effect of NSAIDs is achieved by blocking cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. This article compares the PRs obtained after treatment with the commonly used NSAIDs in cattle, including flunixin meglumine, carprofen, meloxicam, ibuprofen, aspirin, and sildenafil. Studies on the effectiveness of certain steroid drugs on the PR have also been described. The results were not always consistent, and so comparisons between studies were made. In conclusion, flunixin meglumine seems to be an option, and can be recommended for improving ET results, especially in situations of high exposure or susceptibility to stress. Its administration under all circumstances, however, might be pointless and will not lead to the desired effect.
Quantitative Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Degradability of Copper Alloy Surfaces and Its Correlation to Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Tanaka Shinji , Ohishi Keiichiro
Published: November 2021

Copper (Cu) and its alloys have bactericidal activity known as “contact killing” with degradation of nucleic acids inside the bacteria, which is beneficial to inhibit horizontal gene transfer (HGF). In order to understand the nucleic acid degradability of Cu and its alloy surfaces, we developed a new in vitro method to quantitatively evaluate it by a swab method under a “dry” condition and compared it with that of commercially available antibacterial materials such as antibacterial stainless steel, pure silver, and antibacterial resins. As a result, only Cu and its alloys showed continuous degradation of nucleic acids for up to 6 h of contact time. The nucleic acid degradability levels of the Cu alloys and other antibacterial materials correlate to their antibacterial activities evaluated by a film method referring to JIS Z 2801:2012 for Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Nucleic acid degradation by copper (I) and (II) chlorides was confirmed at the ranges over 10 mM and 1–20 mM, respectively, suggesting that the copper ion release may be responsible for the degradation of the nucleic acids on Cu and its alloy surfaces. In conclusion, the higher Cu content in the alloys gave higher nucleic acid degradability and higher antibacterial activities.
New Auranofin Analogs with Antibacterial Properties against Burkholderia Clinical Isolates
Authors: Maydaniuk Dustin , Wu Bin , Truong Dang , Liyanage Sajani H. , Hogan Andrew M. , Yap Zhong Ling , Yan Mingdi , Cardona Silvia T.
Published: November 2021

Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia include pathogenic Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). These Gram-negative pathogens have intrinsic drug resistance, which makes treatment of infections difficult. Bcc affects individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the species B. cenocepacia is associated with one of the worst clinical outcomes. Following the repurposing of auranofin as an antibacterial against Gram-positive bacteria, we previously synthetized auranofin analogs with activity against Gram-negatives. In this work, we show that two auranofin analogs, MS-40S and MS-40, have antibiotic activity against Burkholderia clinical isolates. The compounds are bactericidal against B. cenocepacia and kill stationary-phase cells and persisters without selecting for multistep resistance. Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella tolerated high concentrations of MS-40S and MS-40, demonstrating that these compounds have low toxicity in these model organisms. In summary, we show that MS-40 and MS-40S have antimicrobial properties that warrant further investigations to determine their therapeutic potential against Burkholderia infections.
Application of Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) for Systemic Classification of Pop-Up Housing (PUH) Environments
Authors: Märzinger Thomas , Kotík Jan , Pfeifer Christoph
Published: November 2021

This paper is the result of the first-phase, inter-disciplinary work of a multi-disciplinary research project (“Urban pop-up housing environments and their potential as local innovation systems”) consisting of energy engineers and waste managers, landscape architects and spatial planners, innovation researchers and technology assessors. The project is aiming at globally analyzing and describing existing pop-up housings (PUH), developing modeling and assessment tools for sustainable, energy-efficient and socially innovative temporary housing solutions (THS), especially for sustainable and resilient urban structures. The present paper presents an effective application of hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) for analyses of large datasets typically derived from field studies. As can be shown, the method, although well-known and successfully established in (soft) computing science, can also be used very constructively as a potential urban planning tool. The main aim of the underlying multi-disciplinary research project was to deeply analyze and structure THS and PUE. Multiple aspects are to be considered when it comes to the characterization and classification of such environments. A thorough (global) web survey of PUH and analysis of scientific literature concerning descriptive work of PUH and THS has been performed. Moreover, out of several tested different approaches and methods for classifying PUH, hierarchical clustering algorithms functioned well when properly selected metrics and cut-off criteria were applied. To be specific, the ‘Minkowski’-metric and the ‘Calinski-Harabasz’-criteria, as clustering indices, have shown the best overall results in clustering the inhomogeneous data concerning PUH. Several additional algorithms/functions derived from the field of hierarchical clustering have also been tested to exploit their potential in interpreting and graphically analyzing particular structures and dependencies in the resulting clusters. Hereby, (math.) the significance ‘S’ and (math.) proportion ‘P’ have been concluded to yield the best interpretable and comprehensible results when it comes to analyzing the given set (objects n = 85) of researched PUH-objects together with their properties (n > 190). The resulting easily readable graphs clearly demonstrate the applicability and usability of hierarchical clustering- and their derivative algorithms for scientifically profound building classification tasks in Urban Planning by effectively managing huge inhomogeneous building datasets.
Study of RF Stray Currents in ITER Neutral Beam Test Facilities
Authors: Casagrande Riccardo , Maistrello Alberto , De Nardi Marco , Dan Mattia , Recchia Mauro
Published: November 2021

The operation of SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Radio-frequency plasma), full-scale prototype of ITER NBI (Neutral Beam Injector) radio-frequency ion source, pointed out deleterious effects caused by stray Radio-Frequency (RF) currents flowing in the electrical equipment not included in the RF power system. MITICA (Megavolt ITER Injector and Concept Advancement), the full-scale prototype of ITER NBI, is characterized by a similar design in terms of layout of the power supplies and connections to the beam source; thus, it is expected to be subject to the RF stray currents problem. SPIDER RF system is composed of four RF generators, four coaxial lines and four RF loads. Each RF generator is rated for operation at 200 kW in the frequency range 0.9 ÷ 1.1 MHz. The power is delivered to the four loads via as many RF coaxial lines, housed inside a multiconductor transmission line. Each load consists of a capacitive matching network and two plasma drivers in series. Due to the presence of stray connections at the generator and beam-source side (e.g., parasitic capacitances), unwanted RF currents can flow through alternative paths and negatively affect the components not intended for transmission of RF power, the output stages of power supplies and several diagnostics installed in the High-Voltage Deck (HVD) and at the beam source. This paper presents the development of a circuital model used to estimate the RF stray currents in SPIDER electrical system; the understanding of this phenomenon and the development of a model with predictive capabilities is fundamental for the assessment of the performance of both SPIDER and MITICA and, in general, of alternative RF system layouts with respect to the stray currents issue.
Research on Multi-Stage Composite Loading Process Control Method for Roller Staking of Self-Lubricating Spherical Plain Bearings
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Jigang , Zhou Haili , Wang Xiaokang , Hu Zhanqi
Published: November 2021

The staking quality of Self-lubricating Spherical Plain Bearings (SSPBs) directly affects the safety of aircraft and the service life of bearings. Reliable loading process control methods and precise process parameter indexes will come into the creation of efficacious staking quality. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the mechanical state of the roller staking process and give a load control method and corresponding parameter indexes for the high-quality roller staking process. First, based on the analysis of quality inspection requirements, five states of the deformation degree of the flanging lip of the V groove during the roller staking process were proposed, and their relationship with the requirements was studied. Then, the mechanical states corresponding to the five deformation states of the flanging lip deformation were obtained by numerical simulation, and the feeding displacement was determined. Meanwhile, a Multi-Stage Composite Loading (MSCL) process control method was first proposed to control the material damage of the flanging lip, i.e., the rotate speed of the roller tool was constant during the roller staking process, and the displacement–time control was adopted first; when the staking load reaches a staking value, the force–time control was used to make the staking quality meet the requirements. Finally, the staking quality of the MSCL method was verified though the test. The research shows that the feeding displacement needs to be added to the requirements, and the recommended value is 0.5–0.6 times of the V groove depth. A good surface quality and non-material-damage of the flanging lip is more likely to be obtained by the MSCL process control method. The research reveals the formation mechanism of process deformation, and gives more precise process control indexes. At the same time, it provides a theoretical reference for more reliable technical standards.
Review of Chloride Ion Detection Technology in Water
Authors: Wu Dan , Hu Yinglu , Liu Ying , Zhang Runyu
Published: November 2021

The chloride ion (Cl−) is a type of anion which is commonly found in the environment and has important physiological functions and industrial uses. However, a high content of Cl− in water will do harm to the ecological environment, human health and industrial production. It is of great significance to strictly monitor the Cl− content in water. Following the recent development of society and industry, large amounts of domestic sewage and industrial sewage are discharged into the environment, which results in the water becoming seriously polluted by Cl−. The detection of Cl− has gradually become a research focus. This paper introduces the harm of Cl− pollution in the environment and summarizes various Cl− detection methods, including the volumetric method, spectrophotometry method, electrochemical method, ion chromatography, paper-based microfluidic technology, fluorescent molecular probe, and flow injection. The principle and application of each technology are described; their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are discussed. To goal of this research is to find a more simple, rapid, environmental protection and strong anti-interference detection technology of Cl−.
Effects of Task Constraints on Kinematic Characteristics of Body Segments in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Children with Typical Development during Hand-Reaching
Authors: Ju Yun-Huei , Cherng Rong-Ju
Published: November 2021

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty in managing postural control during functional reaching tasks, although children with different postural control ability are able to come up with different motor solutions to cope with different task demands. This study examined the effect of task constraint on postural control performance in children with cerebral palsy and typical development (TD) in terms of different postural control abilities. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Twelve children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (mean age: 107.8 months) and 16 typically developing children (mean age: 110.9 months) participated in this study. Individually, all subjects were seated in a height-adjusted chair and were requested to reach for target(s) located at three different directions (medial, anterior, and lateral). A six-camera Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to capture motion data. Kinematic data in terms of body alignment and angular changes were analyzed. Results: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrated different postural control strategies to complete different reaching tasks compared to typically developing children by preparing postural alignment in advance, coordinating different body orientation movements during reaching after showing difficulty in managing reach medially. Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy perceive their insufficient ability and prepare their alignment in advance to adapt to the task demanded and decrease the postural challenges of the task. Even though children with cerebral palsy self-generate different motor solutions to reach without falling, these alternative strategies might not be the most efficient adaptation.
Cube of Space Sampling for 3D Model Retrieval
Authors: Chen Zong-Yao , Tsai Chih-Fong , Lin Wei-Chao
Published: November 2021

Since the number of 3D models is rapidly increasing, extracting better feature descriptors to represent 3D models is very challenging for effective 3D model retrieval. There are some problems in existing 3D model representation approaches. For example, many of them focus on the direct extraction of features or transforming 3D models into 2D images for feature extraction, which cannot effectively represent 3D models. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D model feature representation method that is a kind of voxelization method. It is based on the space-based concept, namely CSS (Cube of Space Sampling). The CSS method uses cube space 3D model sampling to extract global and local features of 3D models. The experiments using the ESB dataset show that the proposed method to extract the voxel-based features can provide better classification accuracy than SVM and comparable retrieval results using the state-of-the-art 3D model feature representation method.
Quantitative Retrieval of Soil Salinity Using Landsat 8 OLI Imagery
Authors: Dong Ruolin , Na Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

Soil salinization is the main reason for declining soil quality and a reduction in agricultural productivity. We derive the spatial distribution of soil moisture from the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) of Landsat TM-8 OLI images to analyze the effect of spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture on the retrieval accuracy of soil salinity. We establish five soil salinity inversion models for different soil moisture levels (drought levels) based on the canopy response salinity index (CRSI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and automatic water extraction index (AWEI) derived from Landsat TM-8 OLI images. The inversion accuracy of soil salinity is assessed using 42 field samples. The results show that the average accuracies of the five inversion models are higher than that of the traditional soil salinity inversion model of the entire study area. The proposed model underestimates soil salinity in high-moisture areas and overestimates it in drought areas. Therefore, inversion models of soil salinization should consider spatial differences in soil moisture to improve the inversion accuracy.
Gearbox Mechanical Efficiency Determination by Strain Gauges Direct Application
Authors: Lopot František , Dub Martin , Flek Jan , Hadraba Daniel , Havlíček Martin , Kučera Lukáš , Štoček Ondřej , Veselý Tomáš , Janáček Jiří
Published: November 2021

This article describes a unique method of measuring the efficiency of gearboxes using foil strain gauges, which allows maintaining the current configuration of the gearbox within the overall assembly of the machine and its functional condition. The presented method is applicable to gearboxes located in the original equipment assembly without the need to use a test rig. Using foil strain gauges, the torque at the input and output of the gearbox is detected. Therefore, the accuracy of torque measurement is key. The crucial step is the calibration of the instrumentation to the given application conditions, which, in this case, is ensured by a virtual calibration using a very accurate FEM analysis. The accuracy of the position of strain gauges and virtual calibration of measurements generate inaccuracies affecting the resulting uncertainty of the determined efficiency. The present article shows, on the example of several measurements, that when using 24-bit converters, after processing the obtained data, mechanical stress with a sensitivity better than hundredths of an MPa can be reliably detected even without signal amplification from strain gauges. It follows that the efficiency is determined with an accuracy of better than low units of tenths.
AxP: A HW-SW Co-Design Pipeline for Energy-Efficient Approximated ConvNets via Associative Matching
Authors: Mocerino Luca , Calimera Andrea
Published: November 2021

The reduction in energy consumption is key for deep neural networks (DNNs) to ensure usability and reliability, whether they are deployed on low-power end-nodes with limited resources or high-performance platforms that serve large pools of users. Leveraging the over-parametrization shown by many DNN models, convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) in particular, energy efficiency can be improved substantially preserving the model accuracy. The solution proposed in this work exploits the intrinsic redundancy of ConvNets to maximize the reuse of partial arithmetic results during the inference stages. Specifically, the weight-set of a given ConvNet is discretized through a clustering procedure such that the largest possible number of inner multiplications fall into predefined bins; this allows an off-line computation of the most frequent results, which in turn can be stored locally and retrieved when needed during the forward pass. Such a reuse mechanism leads to remarkable energy savings with the aid of a custom processing element (PE) that integrates an associative memory with a standard floating-point unit (FPU). Moreover, the adoption of an approximate associative rule based on a partial bit-match increases the hit rate over the pre-computed results, maximizing the energy reduction even further. Results collected on a set of ConvNets trained for computer vision and speech processing tasks reveal that the proposed associative-based hw-sw co-design achieves up to 77% in energy savings with less than 1% in accuracy loss.
Comprehensive Assessment of Left Intraventricular Hemodynamics Using a Finite Element Method: An Application to Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Franco Pamela , Sotelo Julio , Montalba Cristian , Ruijsink Bram , Kerfoot Eric , Nordsletten David , Mura Joaquín , Hurtado Daniel , Uribe Sergio
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we applied a method for quantifying several left intraventricular hemodynamic parameters from 4D Flow data and its application in a proof-of-concept study in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. In total, 12 healthy volunteers and 13 DCM patients under treatment underwent short-axis cine b-SSFP and 4D Flow MRI. Following 3D segmentation of the left ventricular (LV) cavity and registration of both sequences, several hemodynamic parameters were calculated at peak systole, e-wave, and end-diastole using a finite element approach. Sensitivity, inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by analyzing LV segmentation. A local analysis was performed by dividing the LV cavity into 16 regions. We found significant differences between volunteers and patients in velocity, vorticity, viscous dissipation, energy loss, and kinetic energy at peak systole and e-wave. Furthermore, although five patients showed a recovered ejection fraction after treatment, their hemodynamic parameters remained low. We obtained several hemodynamic parameters with high inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. The sensitivity study revealed that hemodynamic parameters showed a higher accuracy when the segmentation underestimates the LV volumes. Our approach was able to identify abnormal flow patterns in DCM patients compared to volunteers and can be applied to any other cardiovascular diseases.
Extraction of Pest Insect Characteristics Present in a Mirasol Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Crop by Digital Image Processing
Authors: Moreno-Lucio Mireya , Castañeda-Miranda Celina Lizeth , Espinoza-García Gustavo , Olvera-Olvera Carlos Alberto , Luque-Vega Luis F. , Santiago Antonio Del Rio-De , Guerrero-Osuna Héctor A. , Martínez-Blanco Ma. del Rosario , Solís-Sánchez Luis Octavio
Published: November 2021

One of the main problems in crops is the presence of pests. Traditionally, sticky yellow traps are used to detect pest insects, and they are then analyzed by a specialist to identify the pest insects present in the crop. To facilitate the identification, classification, and counting of these insects, it is possible to use digital image processing (DIP). This study aims to demonstrate that DIP is useful for extracting invariant characteristics of psyllids (Bactericera cockerelli), thrips (Thrips tabaci), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), potato flea beetles (Epitrix cucumeris), pepper weevils (Anthonomus eugenii), and aphids (Myzus persicae). The characteristics (e.g., area, eccentricity, and solidity) help classify insects. DIP includes a first stage that consists of improving the image by changing the levels of color intensity, applying morphological filters, and detecting objects of interest, and a second stage that consists of applying a transformation of invariant scales to extract characteristics of insects, independently of size or orientation. The results were compared with the data obtained from an entomologist, reaching up to 90% precision for the classification of these insects.