bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaukaz Wacława Sieroszewskiego
Authors: Olszewska Maria Jolanta
Published: November 2024

Numerous descriptions of the Caucasus have been preserved in Polish literature, which can serve as valuable sources for historical and ethnographic research of this country. Most of them were created in the years 1830–1860, when many Poles came to the Caucasus, forcibly conscripted into the Tsar’s army for their patriotic activities. These are scientific, travel and romantic poetry with a nostalgic tint. One of the most interesting Polish descriptions of the Caucasus can be found in the novel Risztau by Wacław Sieroszewski from 1898. This novel stems from the writer’s personal experiences. It is distinguished by a different view of these regions of the Russian Empire. Risztau is an adventure novel and an exotic novel at the same time. Sieroszewski created his own exemplar of an exotic novel, distinguished by its focus on universal human issues. It is an adventure novel and an exotic novel at the same time. Sieroszewski developed his own model of an exotic novel, the aim of which is to show universal human issues. The plot in this novel serves to convey a moral lesson about human work and heroism in the fight against nature. What distinguishes Risztau are his painterly descriptions of mountain landscapes, in which color and light play the main role. The novel was highly praised by critics of the time.
Influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser exposure time on cytokine secretion in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Vargas Sarah M. , Washington Michael A. , Bunting Megan E. , Duval Rachel J. , Millan Claudia P. , Inouye Kimberly Ann , Lincicum Adam R. , Stancoven Brian W. , Johnson Thomas M.
Published: November 2024

Multiple investigators have suggested that infrared laser energy facilitates hard and soft tissue wound healing through various mechanisms, including the suppression of inflammation. This study investigated the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser exposure time on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine concentrations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cultured rat PBMCs were stimulated with various LPS concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) and treated with Nd:YAG laser irradiation for 0 (control), 30, 45, or 60 s. For these experiments, the average power, pulse duration, and repetition rate remained constant at 5 W, 100 μs, and 20 Hz, respectively. Luminex magnetic microsphere immunoassays were used to compare the secretion of 27 inflammatory mediators from LPS-stimulated PBMCs in laser-irradiated versus control groups. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the main effects of laser exposure time and LPS concentration on cytokine/chemokine concentrations and evaluate the potential interaction between these factors. Four pro-inflammatory cytokines – tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 – exhibited a trend of reduced secretion in laser-irradiated cultures. The effect appeared more pronounced at longer exposure times (45 and 60 s). However, none of the 27 inflammatory mediators exhibited statistically significant reductions in concentrations in laser-irradiated cultures versus control cultures. These observations do not support a robust anti-inflammatory effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Further studies should explore the potential impact of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on cytotoxicity and cellular growth kinetics and extend across a range of irradiation parameters and cell types.
Enhancing English Pronunciation Learning in Primary Education through Natural Language Processing: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Chandran Mishalini , Wang Shir Li , Dzulkifly Sumayyah , Ng Theam Foo , Ghoneim Amr S.
Published: November 2024

Learning English pronunciation is crucial for primary school pupils to enhance their communication skills, yet many struggle. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a natural language processing (NLP) tool in improving English pronunciation among primary school pupils by measuring motivation, confidence, and performance. Conducted in a primary school in Johor, the research used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design with 30 Year 3 pupils, divided into two groups of 15 each: control and treatment. The English teacher assessed motivation, confidence, and performance using a rubric-based evaluation, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.932, indicating high reliability. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine if the differences in motivation, confidence, and performance between the two groups were statistically significant. For motivation, t-values ranged from -1.871 to -1.468 for the traditional method and -6.548 to -13.229 for the NLP method. For confidence, t-values ranged from -1.871 to -1.468 for the traditional method and -11.500 to -7.135 for the NLP method. For performance, t-values ranged from -1.871 to -1.000 for the traditional method and -6.548 to -13.229 for the NLP method. With α = 0.05, the mean differences in motivation, confidence, and performance were significantly different for the NLP method (all p-values < 0.05) but not for the traditional method (all p-values > 0.05). High partial η² values, ranging from 0.474 to 0.827, suggest that the teaching methods account for a significant proportion of variance in the dependent variables. With α = 0.10, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) assessed the effectiveness of the teaching methods. The combined dependent variables significantly differed based on teaching methods, Pillai Trace = 0.95, F(24, 5) = 3.72, p < 0.074, partial η² = 0.95. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the NLP tool enhances English pronunciation learning by significantly improving motivation, confidence, and performance among Year 3 pupils.
Analisis kelemahan penggunaan retorik penerangan dalam karangan bahasa Melayu murid tingkatan empat di SMK Tun Haji Abdul Malek, Melaka
Authors: Md. Rodi Nurul Fazlina , Mohd Nor Mariyati
Published: November 2024

Retorik merupakan satu subbidang linguistik yang digunakan dalam sebuah penulisan untuk menampilkan penulisan yang menggunakan bahasa yang berseni, indah dan berkesan. Penggunaan retorik juga dapat menekankan penggunaan aspek kesantunan, keterampilan dan pengaplikasian bahasa yang lebih baik dalam bentuk lisan dan bukan lisan. Selain itu, pemilihan penulisan karangan adalah bersesuaian sebagai salah satu instrumen utama dalam kajian untuk membuktikan keberkesanan penggunaan retorik dalam penulisan karangan murid. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan retorik penerangan dalam karangan Bahasa Melayu murid tingkatan empat di SMK Tun Haji Abdul Malek, Melaka. Oleh hal yang demikian, terdapat tiga objektif utama kajian ini dilakukan iaitu mengenal pasti tahap kefahaman pelajar mengenai konsep retorik penerangan dalam karangan Bahasa Melayu, menganalisis penggunaan retorik penerangan dalam penulisan karangan Bahasa Melayu murid tingkatan empat di SMK Tun Haji Abdul Malek, Melaka dan menghuraikan keberkesanan pengajaran teknik retorik penerangan dalam karangan murid tingkatan empat di SMK Tun Haji Abdul Malek, Melaka. Hasil dapatan kajian dihuraikan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan karangan pelajar dan juga soal selidik serta disokong dengan dapatan kualitatif melalui temubual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan retorik penerangan berdasarkan sebab dan akibat paling kerap digunakan pelajar dalam penulisan karangan sebanyak 27 kekerapan bersamaan 36%. Hal ini demikian kerana, penggunaan retorik penerangan ini dapat membantu pelajar melakukan pertautan dan kesinambungan idea yang tepat agar penulisan karangan menjadi lebih menarik dan bermaklumat.
Foreign language anxiety in online learning environments: Strategies and implications
Authors: Saffari Narges , Amini Mansour , Lee Sze Seau , Alipour Maryam , Abbaspour Bita Naghmeh
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated some anxiety among students, particularly in the realm of higher education where remote learning has become the norm. Despite the escalating prevalence of anxiety among students in the context of online language education, there is a notable absence of comprehensive strategies tailored to effectively mitigate foreign language anxiety (FLA) and support learners, necessitating research to identify evidence-based approaches to address FLA and foster a positive learning environment. This paper reviews the influence of anxiety on language learners, with a focus on the challenges posed by online language education. It explores the multifaceted nature of FLA and its implications for language learning outcomes. The study proposes practical strategies to alleviate anxiety among language learners. These strategies include implementing cooperative learning activities, providing constructive feedback, creating a positive learning atmosphere, addressing individual student needs, giving clear instructions, and establishing a continuous support system. Insights from contemporary research highlight the effectiveness of these approaches in reducing anxiety and fostering a more positive and effective learning environment. Furthermore, the paper discusses the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) as a valuable tool for identifying and measuring FLA in online language learning settings. It emphasizes the importance of the psychometric characteristics of FLCAS and its implications for language educators. Finally, by raising awareness of the impact of anxiety on language learning outcomes, and embracing a holistic approach that considers individual, socio-cultural, economic, and technological factors, this paper may provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers.
A pedagógusképzés átalakításának - fejlesztésének kérdései
Authors: Ladányi Andor
Published: November 2024

A pedagógusképzés átalakítása, fejlesztése fő feladatainak meghatározása során három körülményt szükséges figyelembe venni: e képzés jelenlegi helyzetét, problémáit; a pedagógusképzés „kettős kötődésére” tekintettel mind a közoktatás igényeit, mind pedig a felsőoktatásban történő változásokat, valamint a pedagógusképzés nemzetközi fejlődési tendenciáit. A pedagógusképzés jelenlegi helyzetéről, e képzés színvonaláról, hatékonyságáról pontos ismereteink nincsenek, ennek kellően egzakt értékeléséhez alapos, sokoldalú követéses vizsgálatra lenne szükség(amelynek súlypontja nyilvánvalóan már a fiatal pedagógusok iskolai működésének idejére esne). Ezért e tekintetben csak feltételezésekre lehet szorítkoznunk. A közoktatás és a felsőoktatás részéről érkező kihívások viszont fő vonásaiban ismeretesek, és - legalábbis a dokumentumok szintjén - ismerjük a pedagógusképzés nemzetközi fejlődési tendenciáit is (ami nem korlátozható a bolognai folyamattal összefüggő kérdésekre).A következőkben ezek alapján szeretném vázolni és megindokolni a pedagógusképzés átalakítására, fejlesztésére vonatkozó javaslataimat, előrebocsátva, hogy ezek fő gondolata a képzés színvonalának emelése, hatékonyságának növelése, az ehhez szükséges feltételek megteremtése, megőrizve a pedagógusképzés értékeit és elkerülve a szükségtelen, a minőségi követelmények érvényesítésével ellentétes szervezeti változtatásokat.
Pedagógusképzés a ciklusos rendszerben
Authors: Gönczi ÉVa
Published: November 2024

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A pedagógusok reflektív gondolkodásának vizsgálata
Authors: Sántha Kálmán
Published: November 2024

A tanulmány egy pályakezdő, két éve tanító pedagógus reflektiv gondolkodásának több szinten történő vizsgálatát mutatja be két kvalitatív módszer, a támogatott felidézés és a strukturálatlan kognitív térkép segítségével. A felhasznált módszereknek köszönhetően lehetőség nyílik a reflektiv gondolkodás irányainak, szintjeinek, fajtáinak, rétegeinek és a reflexió-spirálnak a feltárására. A vizsgálatban a pedagógus önkéntes alapon vett részt. Az elemzések egy témakörön belül történt három órafelvétel, az ehhez kapcsolódó értelmezések és interjúk, valamint kognitív térkép kommentárjai alapján készültek. Az eredmények olyan pályakezdő pedagógus képét tárják fel az olvasók előtt, aki a tevékenysége során több tényezővel mérlegel.
Electrochemical sensing of nitrite in drinking water using multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified platinum electrode
Authors: Doulache Merzak , Bakirhan Nurgul K. , Saidat Boubakeur , Trari Mohamed , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: November 2024

Aim: The scope of the present study was to elaborate a nitrite electrochemical sensor using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified Pt electrode.
Methods: The electrocatalytic activity of the proposed sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (ChAm), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Then electrochemical detection of nitrite was performed using square wave voltammetry (SWV).
Results: The MWCNTs/Pt electrode exhibits good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite in neutral pH. Subsequently, the fabricated electrochemical sensor shows a high sensitivity for the NO2– determination and a low limit of detection (LOD) (0.1 µM) in a wide linear concentration range (1.0–1,000 µM).
Conclusions: This electrochemical sensor has cost-effective, anti-interference capability as well as good stability, reproducibility, and applicability.
Proximal characteristics, phenolic compounds profile, and functional properties of Ullucus tuberosus and Arracacia xanthorrhiza
Authors: Sanchez-Portillo Steffanny , Salazar-Sánchez Margarita del Rosario , Campos-Muzquiz Lizeth Guadalupe , Ascacio-Valdés Juan Alberto , Solanilla-Duque José Fernando , Lopez Badillo Claudia Magdalena , Flores-Gallegos Adriana Carolina , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl
Published: November 2024

Aim: The Andean tubers Ullucus tuberosus and Arracacia xanthorrhiza are of great international importance due to their nutritional value (carbohydrates, fiber), functional and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition of the flours of these tubers, their functional properties, and the phenolic profiles of both the skin and the pulp, since the flour used is a mixture of both.
Methods: The proximal characteristics were determined as established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), the functional properties, water holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), and oil holding capacity (OHC); and the profile of phenolic compounds was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).
Results: Results revealed that the tubers contain more than 50% carbohydrates, with U. tuberosus having 14% fiber and A. xanthorrhiza having 4.07% fiber. Notably, they are rich in minerals, such as potassium (K), with levels of 4.12% and 3.32% for U. tuberosus and A. xanthorrhiza, respectively. In terms of functional properties, U. tuberosus exhibited a WHC of 0.78 g water/g dry matter (DM), an SC of 1.42 g water/g DM, and an OHC of 0.44 g oil/g DM. In contrast, A. xanthorrhiza showed a WHC of 0.96 g water/g DM, an SC of 3.86 g water/g DM, and an OHC of 0.18 g oil/g DM. Additionally, the study identified various hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside and p-coumaroyl glucose, as well as methoxyflavonols, such as 3,7-dimethylquercetin.
Conclusions: These characteristics suggest that the flours could be valuable for the production of bakery products, pastries, pastas, or foods requiring high viscosity. Furthermore, U. tuberosus and A. xanthorrhiza flours have potential applications in the development of functional foods, thus promoting their use and adding value to these tubers produced in the Andean region.
On Procedural Safeguards of the Rights of the Accused and Suspect in Termination of Criminal Prosecution on Non-Rehabilitating Grounds
Authors:   North-West Branch of the Russian State University of Justice. St. Petersburg, Russia, Smirnov Alexander V.
Published: November 2024

The institute of termination of criminal cases (criminal prosecution) on non-rehabilitating grounds has long raised questions in the theory of criminal procedure regarding its legitimacy. Many authors see a significant logical contradiction between this institute and the principle of presumption of innocence, which is essential for protecting human rights. However, this issue cannot be resolved by declaring the question of guilt in cases terminated on these grounds as “open”, or by simply replacing the term “finding of guilt” with the term “ascertaining of guilt”. It is proposed to address this issue within the framework of legal interpretation of the concept and essence of presumptions, including the presumption of innocence. By providing that the accused is considered innocent until proven guilty in accordance with the law and established by a court verdict that has entered into legal force, the presumption of innocence applies only to a specific situation where the criminal process ends with a guilty verdict. However, it operates more broadly outside of this situation – as a mechanism for distributing the burden of proof between the parties in the process, which is used only until it is no longer necessary, that is, when the process of proving guilt is not completed by any final decision in the criminal case (not just a guilty verdict), and only until that moment can it be stated that the accused is considered innocent. Among such decisions are procedural decisions to terminate a criminal case (prosecution) on non-rehabilitating grounds, in which the investigator, taking into account the above, ascertain the person’s guilt in committing a crime and informs them of this.
Violation of the Principle of Justice in Parts 1–2 of Articles 131, 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Talaev Ilya V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the provisions, Рarts 1–2 of Articles 131 “Rape” and Article 132 “Violent acts of a sexual nature” of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The main part of these articles includes moderate harm to health. One of the qualifying signs provided for in Part 2 of these articles is paragraph “b”, which provides for the infection of the victim with venereal disease. A comparative analysis of the sanctions of Article 112 “Intentional infliction of moderate harm to health”, Article 121 “Infection with venereal disease” of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is carried out. It has been established that the act provided for in Article 112 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is more socially dangerous than the act provided for in Article 121 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that a person who committed a less socially dangerous act (infected the victim with venereal disease) in the process of rape or violent acts of a sexual nature will be punished more severely than a person who committed a more socially dangerous act (caused moderate harm to the health of the victim during rape or violent acts of a sexual nature), which contradicts the principle of justice established in Article 6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author suggests se­veral ways to solve this problem.
Detection of in situ resinous traces in Jurassic conifers from floras lacking amber
Authors: Seyfullah Leyla J. , Coiro Mario , Vajda Vivi , McLoughlin Stephen , Steinthorsdottir Margret
Published: November 2024

Amber deposits are rare in Jurassic successions, occurring in small quantities, whereas Lower Cretaceous strata host many substantial and commonly fossiliferous amber deposits worldwide. Minor amounts of Early Jurassic amber have been reported from Italy, and small amounts of Late Jurassic amber are known from Lebanon, Jordan and Thailand. Other Jurassic amber deposits that require reinvestigation of their age and provenance have also been reported from Denmark and France. Few of these amber deposits contain fossils, the others lack inclusions, suggesting a ‘Jurassic amber gap’ in the fossil record. Here, we surveyed fossil plant collections held at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, for amber and amberproducing plants from Jurassic floras. We focused on the collection of plants from Shaanxi, China and the Middle Jurassic floras of Iran and Afghanistan from the H.-J. Schweitzer collection. Using a hand-held UV light microscope, we scanned the collections for resinous remains as ambers can show autofluorescence with UV light, but found no dispersed amber fragments or droplets. Some researchers refer to fossilized resin within plant tissues under that name to differentiate it from exuded resins preserved as amber, and we follow this convention. We identified a conifer fragment of Elatocladus sp. from China with in situ rods of resin preserved in the leaves and a unique conifer twig (Elatides sp.) from Afghanistan with tiny linear resin traces in leaves that were only visible via autofluorescence with UV light. These resinous traces likely define the former position of resin canals in the leaves, but the resin is not preserved as in situ rods. Instead, it has impregnated the coalified mesophyll, likely during fossilization, to form thin lines (chemical ‘ghosts’ of preserved resin) within the conifer leaf remains.
Morphology and affinities of Carya costata hickory nuts from the Oligocene of Bohemia
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Kvaček Jiří
Published: November 2024

We reinvestigated type material and subsequently collected fossil nuts of Carya costata (C.Presl ex Unger) Unger based on type material from the Oligocene of western Bohemia. These specimens are older than most occurrences of C. ventricosa (C.Presl ex Brongn.) Unger which has its type locality in the Miocene of Salzhausen, Germany. Although preserved only as molds and casts in tuffaceous volcanoclastic siltstone, micro-CT scanning indicates that the morphology of C. costata is nearly identical to that of C. ventricosa. The preservation of these nuts as 3-dimensional molds retains evidence of gnawing indicating that, as today, hickory nuts were an important food source for mammals and/or birds of the Oligocene.
The self-relevant spotlight metaphor: Self-relevant targets diminish distractor–response-binding effects
Authors: Pauly Marcel , Schäfer Sarah , Wentura Dirk , Frings Christian
Published: November 2024

Recently, it has been proposed that self-relevance of a stimulus enhances executive control and reduces the impact of distractors on current task performance. The present study aimed to test whether the binding between a distractor and a response is influenced by self-relevance, too. We assumed that targets’ self-relevance should increase executive control processes and therefore reduce the influence of distractors on current performance. In a distractor–response-binding (DRB) task, which measures the strength of binding between distractor stimuli and responses, we varied target relevance so that participants responded to targets that either were or were not self-relevant. Our design made it possible to measure DRB effects for both relevance conditions separately. DRB effects were diminished if targets were self-relevant compared to when they were not. These results expand our understanding of the influence of self-relevance on cognitive performance. The influence of self-relevance is not purely perceptual (Sui & Humphreys, 2012, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38[5], 1105–1117), but also found in higher-order processes such as executive control. Moreover, whereas for different paradigms binding advantages of self-relevance are assumed (Sui & Humphreys, 2015a, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19[12], 719–728; Humphreys & Sui, 2016, Cognitive Neuroscience, 7[1/4], 5–17), this study identifies an important boundary condition, in that distractor–response binding is reduced by target self-relevance.
Tailored charge-neutral self-assembled L2Zn2 container for taming oxalate
Authors: Ocklenburg David , Van Craen David
Published: November 2024

Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives play crucial roles in various biological processes, necessitating the development of effective receptors for their detection. In particular, the smallest dicarboxylate, oxalate, presents a significant importance due to its widespread presence in nature and its association with various diseases. Yet, very little attention was devoted to the recognition of oxalate with metal-driven self-assemblies like cages or containers while numerous classic organic receptors for oxalate exist. This discrepancy is astonishing because metallocontainers or metallocages have advantages over classic macrocycles or organocages like a higher modularity and good preorganization paired with a ready receptor preparation by metal complexation. The reason for the underrepresentation is the competitive nature and excellent ligand properties of oxalate which not only is associated with the aforementioned diseases but also poses a serious hazard for metal-driven self-assemblies because the dianion can easily replace ligand strands leading to a partial or full receptor decomposition. Herein, we present a charge-neutral zinc(II)-based metallocontainer which was tuned to contest oxalate as most competitive dicarboxylate. The dianion is bound in a 1:1 fashion with a binding constant of log K = 4.39 selectively over other dicarboxylates by maintaining the receptor stability. This study highlights the importance of a highly modular receptor design so that tailored hosts can be designed to tackle the recognition of challenging competitive analytes.
Guidelines for Developing Marketing Strategies to Create Awareness of the Value of Food Science in Trang Province According to the Concept of Creative Economy
Authors: Porahong Sitthiporn , Rungsubjaroen Kitti , Phichitniwet Chaiyavit , Pilasjit Natdanai
Published: November 2024

Research on the Development of Marketing Strategy Guidelines to Create Awareness of Food Science Value in Trang Province Based on the Creative Economy Concept. The objectives of this research are1. To study the behavior related to the awareness of food science value in Trang Province.2. To investigate factors influencing the awareness of food science value in Trang Province. This research employs quantitative methods by using questionnaires to collect data from consumers in Trang Province. Since the total population is unknown, a sample size of 385 respondents was used. The research utilizes inferential statistical analysis, including: Independent Samples t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Correlation Analysis, Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis.  Research Results: The factors contributing to the development of marketing strategies to enhance awareness of food science value in Trang Province, based on the creative economy concept (Y1), include Price (X2) with a P-value of 0.001, which is less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Distribution (X3) with a P-value of 0.001, which is also less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). The multiple regression equation can be expressed as: Y = 181.516 + 1.344(X2) + 2.312(X3)
Kesalehan atau Kebenaran: Analisis Terjemahan ×›Ö¼Ö¸×œÖ¾×¦Ö´×“Ö°×§Ö¹×ªÖµÖ‘×™× ×•Ö¼ (kol-á¹£iá¸qÅtáº¿nÃ») dalam Yesaya 64:6
Authors: Simbolon Andreas Kongres Pardingotan , Christian Ade Widi , Ziliwu Alnodus Jamsenjos Indirwan
Published: November 2024

Isaiah 64:6, which states that "all our righteousness" is like filthy rags, has been the subject of debate and discussion in Christian theology. This journal aims to explore the concept of righteousness as a condition for human salvation in interpreting this verse. The journal begins by conducting an in-depth analysis of Isaiah 64:6, highlighting keywords such as "filthy rags, menstruation, righteousness, or piety," as well as the textual context within prophetic writings. In this analysis, I argue that human righteousness plays a crucial role in salvation. I describe how righteousness, as a manifestation of humility and repentance, can be the first step in seeking the grace of God and faith in Jesus Christ. Over time, this journal elaborates on how righteousness can become a determining factor in the relationship between humans and God. The goal of this journal is to convey the idea that human righteousness can be a prerequisite that leads people into the embrace of God's grace. It is an effort to delve into the meaning and role of righteousness in Christian theology and to provide a perspective that supports the notion that righteousness is a key factor in the journey toward salvation.
Studi Kasus Tentang Pertumbuhan Gereja di Gereja Kristen Jawa Tawangmangu Wilayah Ngargoyoso
Authors: Suharso Suharso , Amazonia Putu Cakra
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine problems regarding church growth in the Javanese Christian church in Tawangmangu, Ngargoyoso area. This research aims to determine problems regarding church growth in the Gereja Kristen Jawa in Tawangmangu, Ngargoyoso area. The problem with church growth that occurred was because the congregation did not feel the presence of God or the work of the Holy Spirit in the church, the immaturity of the congregation's faith, the lack of the role of the church council in leadership, and the lack of preaching the gospel. This caused the number of congregations to decrease quantitatively. So the church needs to carry out an evaluation in service so that the congregation becomes mature in faith and carries out preaching of God's salvation or evangelism, so that the church can grow quantitatively.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan tentang pertumbuhan gereja, di Gereja Kristen Jawa Tawangmangu wilayah Ngargoyoso. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa permasalahan tentang pertumbuhan gereja yang terjadi adalah karena jemaat tidak merasakan hadirat Tuhan atau karya Roh Kudus di gereja, belum dewasanya iman jemaat, kurangnya peran majelis gereja dalam kepemimpinan, dan kurangnya pemberitaan injil. Hal ini menyebabkan jumlah jemaat menurun secara kuantitatif. Maka gereja perlu melakukan evaluasi dalam pelayanan supaya jemaat menjadi dewasa dalam iman dan melakukan pemberitaan penyelamatan Allah atau penginjilan, supaya gereja bisa bertumbuh secara kuantitatif.
Strategi Penggembalaan Terhadap Jemaat Yang Memiliki Perilaku Homoseksual
Authors: Hermanto Yanto Paulus
Published: November 2024

The increase in the number of homosexuals in various countries should make the church more ready to help them. The church cannot just sit around and do nothing. It is precisely the church whose function is in pastoral care that must begin to think about what strategies can help the congregation who has homosexual behavior. The purpose of this research is to help pastors understand what to do when dealing with a congregation that behaves in this way. The research method used is research with a qualitative approach through literature study. And the results of this study show positive results and can be implemented by churches around the world. There is some knowledge that must be possessed by a shepherd related to theology that must be understood, and the process and strategies of shepherding that must be carried out. Therefore, the results of this research will be used for pastoral ministry in churches.Peningkatan jumlah kaum homosek di berbagai Negara seharusnya membuat gereja semakin siap untuk menolong mereka. Gereja tidak bisa hanya berdiam saja dan tidak melakukan apa-apa. Justru gereja yang fungsinya dalam penggembalaan harus mulai memikirkan strategi apa yang bisa menolong jemaat yang memiliki perilaku homoseksual tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menolong para gembala memahami apa yang harus dilakukan ketika menghadapi jemaat yang berperilaku demikian. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif  melalui studi pustaka. Dan hasil penelitian ini positif dan dapat dilaksanakan oleh gereja-gereja di dunia. Ada beberapa pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki oleh gembala berkaitan dengan teologi yang harus dipahami, proses dan strategi penggembalaan yang harus dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini akan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pelayanan penggembalaan di gereja-gereja.
BSN: The First Photometric Study of 10 Contact Binary Systems from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Authors: Poro Atila , Li Kai , Michel Raul , Castro Angel , Lajús Eduardo Fernández , Wang Li-Heng , Coliac Jean-François , Aladağ Yasemin , Alizadehsabegh Ailar , Alicavus Fahri
Published: November 2024

Photometric observations were made with standard filters in four observatories for 10 contact binary systems. We analyzed the orbital period variations of the systems and found that six of them show long-term changes. The increase in the orbital period of the J07, N65, and PU Vir systems is caused by mass transfer, and the reduction in the orbital period of the J05, LO Psc, and N49 systems is caused by the combination of angular momentum loss and mass transfer. The first light-curve analysis was performed with the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We discussed the accuracy of photometric mass ratio estimates for contact binary systems with total and partial eclipses compared to spectroscopic results. We also compared our mass ratio findings to a recent method that estimates mass ratios from the light curve’s third derivative. Then, we also discussed this new mass ratio estimate method for photometric data. The systems’ positions were displayed in 18 empirical parameter relationships. According to the light-curve analysis and estimation of absolute parameters, systems BE Mus, J07, J08, N49, and N65 are A subtypes, and the others are W subtypes.
DIAmante TESS AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS). III. Understanding the DTARPS-S Candidate Transiting Planet Catalogs
Authors: Melton Elizabeth J. , Feigelson Eric D. , Montalto Marco , Caceres Gabriel A. , Rosenswie Andrew W. , Abelson Cullen S.
Published: November 2024

The DIAmante Transiting Exoplanet Sky Survey (TESS) AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS) project, using novel statistical methods, has identified several hundred candidates for transiting planetary systems obtained from 0.9 million full-frame Image light curves obtained in the TESS Year 1 southern-hemisphere survey. Ten lines of evidence including limited reconnaissance spectroscopy indicate that approximately half are true planets rather than false positives. Here various population properties of these candidates are examined. Half of the DTARPS-S candidates are hot Neptunes, populating the “Neptune desert” found in Kepler-planet samples. The DTARPS-S samples also identify dozens of ultrashort-period planets with orbital periods down to 5 hr, high-priority systems for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy, and planets orbiting low-mass M stars. DTARPS-S methodology is sufficiently well characterized at each step so that preliminary planet occurrence rates can be estimated. Except for the increase in hot Neptunes, DTARPS-S planet occurrence rates are consistent with Kepler rates. Overall, DTARPS-S provides one of the most reliable and useful catalogs of TESS exoplanet candidates that can be used to to improve our understanding of various exoplanetary populations and astrophysical processes.
The SAGA Survey. III. A Census of 101 Satellite Systems around Milky Way–mass Galaxies
Authors: Mao Yao-Yuan , Geha Marla , Wechsler Risa H. , Asali Yasmeen , Wang Yunchong , Kado-Fong Erin , Kallivayalil Nitya , Nadler Ethan O. , Tollerud Erik J. , Weiner Benjamin , de los Reyes Mithi A. C. , Wu John F.
Published: November 2024

We present Data Release 3 (DR3) of the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) Survey, a spectroscopic survey characterizing satellite galaxies around Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies. The SAGA Survey DR3 includes 378 satellites identified across 101 MW-mass systems in the distance range of 25–40.75 Mpc, and an accompanying redshift catalog of background galaxies (including about 46,000 taken by SAGA) in the SAGA footprint of 84.7 deg2. The number of confirmed satellites per system ranges from zero to 13, in the stellar mass range of 106−10
M
⊙. Based on a detailed completeness model, this sample accounts for 94% of the true satellite population down to M
⋆ = 107.5
M
⊙. We find that the mass of the most massive satellite in SAGA systems is the strongest predictor of satellite abundance; one-third of the SAGA systems contain LMC-mass satellites, and they tend to have more satellites than the MW. The SAGA satellite radial distribution is less concentrated than the MW's, and the SAGA quenched fraction below 108.5
M
⊙ is lower than the MW's, but in both cases, the MW is within 1σ of SAGA system-to-system scatter. SAGA satellites do not exhibit a clear corotating signal as has been suggested in the MW/M31 satellite systems. Although the MW differs in many respects from the typical SAGA system, these differences can be reconciled if the MW is an older, slightly less massive host with a recently accreted LMC/SMC system.
Why Are Optical Coronal Lines Faint in Active Galactic Nuclei?
Authors: McKaig Jeffrey D. , Satyapal Shobita , Laor Ari , Abel Nicholas P. , Doan Sara M. , Ricci Claudio , Cann Jenna M.
Published: November 2024

Forbidden collisionally excited optical atomic transitions from high-ionization-potential (IP ≥ 54.8 eV) ions, such as Ca4+, Ne4+, Fe6+, Fe10+, Fe13+, Ar9+, and S11+, are known as optical coronal lines (CLs). The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) typically extend to hundreds of electron volts and above, which should be able to produce such highly ionized gas. However, optical CLs are often not detected in AGNs. Here we use photoionization calculations with the
cloudy
spectral synthesis code to determine possible reasons for the rarity of these optical CLs. We calculate CL luminosities and equivalent widths from radiation-pressure-confined photoionized gas slabs exposed to an AGN continuum. We consider the role of dust, metallicity, and ionizing SED in the formation of optical CLs. We find that (i) dust reduces the strength of most CLs by ∼3 orders of magnitude, primarily as a result of depletion of metals onto the dust grains; (ii) in contrast to the CLs, the more widely observed lower-IP optical lines such as [O iii] 5007 Å are less affected by depletion, and some are actually enhanced in dusty gas; and (iii) many optical CLs become detectable in dustless gas, and are particularly strong for a hard ionizing SED. This implies that prominent CL emission likely originates in dustless gas. Our calculations also suggest optical CL emission is enhanced in galaxies with low-mass black holes characterized by a harder radiation field and a low dust-to-metals ratio. The fact that optical CLs are not widely observed in the early Universe with JWST may point to rapid dust formation at high redshift.
Identifying the Host Galaxies of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Found by Pulsar Timing Arrays
Authors: Petrov Polina , Taylor Stephen R. , Charisi Maria , Ma Chung-Pei
Published: November 2024

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are thought to form in galaxy mergers, possessing the potential to produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation as well as gravitational waves (GWs) detectable with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Once GWs from individually resolved SMBHBs are detected, the identification of the host galaxy will be a major challenge due to the ambiguity in possible EM signatures and the poor localization capability of PTAs. To aid EM observations in choosing follow-up sources, we use NANOGrav’s galaxy catalog to quantify the number of plausible hosts in both realistic and idealistic scenarios. We outline a host identification pipeline that injects a single-source GW signal into a simulated PTA data set, recovers the signal using production-level techniques, quantifies the localization region and number of galaxies contained therein, and finally imposes cuts on the galaxies using parameter estimates from the GW search. In an ideal case, the 90% credible areas span 29–241 deg2, containing about 14–341 galaxies. After cuts, the number of galaxies remaining ranges from 22 at worst to one true host at best. In a realistic case, these areas range from 287 to 530 deg2 and enclose about 285–1238 galaxies. After cuts, the number of galaxies is 397 at worst and 27 at best. While the signal-to-noise ratio is the primary determinant of the localization area of a given source, we find that the area is also influenced by the proximity to nearby pulsars on the sky and the binary chirp mass.
Estimating the Total Energy Content in Escaping Accelerated Solar Electron Beams
Authors: James Alexander W. , Reid Hamish A. S.
Published: November 2024

Quantifying the energy content of accelerated electron beams during solar eruptive events is a key outstanding objective that must be constrained to refine particle acceleration models and understand the electron component of space weather. Previous estimations have used in situ measurements near the Earth, and consequently suffer from electron-beam propagation effects. In this study, we deduce properties of a rapid sequence of escaping electron beams that were accelerated during a solar flare on 2013 May 22 and produced type III radio bursts, including the first estimate of energy density from remote-sensing observations. We use extreme-ultraviolet observations to infer the magnetic structure of the source active region NOAA 11745, and Nançay Radioheliograph imaging spectroscopy to estimate the speed and origin of the escaping electron beams. Using the observationally deduced electron-beam properties from the type III bursts and cotemporal hard X-rays, we simulate electron-beam properties to estimate the electron number density and energy in the acceleration region. We find an electron density (above 30 keV) in the acceleration region of 102.5 cm−3 and an energy density of 2 × 10−5 erg cm−3. Radio observations suggest the particles travelled a very short distance before they began to produce radio emission, implying a radially narrow acceleration region. A short but plausibly wide slab-like acceleration volume of 1026–1028 cm3 atop the flaring loop arcade could contain a total energy of 1023–1025 erg (∼100 beams), which is comparable to energy estimates from previous studies.
Study of Evolution and Geo-effectiveness of Coronal Mass Ejection–Coronal Mass Ejection Interactions Using Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations with SWASTi Framework
Authors: Mayank Prateek , Lotz Stefan , Vaidya Bhargav , Mishra Wageesh , Chakrabarty D.
Published: November 2024

The geo-effectiveness of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a critical area of study in space weather, particularly in the lesser-explored domain of CME–CME interactions and their geomagnetic consequences. This study leverages the Space Weather Adaptive SimulaTion framework to perform 3D MHD simulation of a range of CME–CME interaction scenarios within realistic solar wind conditions. The focus is on the dynamics of the initial magnetic flux, speed, density, and tilt of CMEs, and their individual and combined impacts on the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. Additionally, the kinematic, magnetic, and structural impacts on the leading CME, as well as the mixing of both CMEs, are analyzed. Time-series in situ studies are conducted through virtual spacecraft positioned along three different longitudes at 1 au. Our findings reveal that CME–CME interactions are nonuniform along different longitudes, due to the inhomogeneous ambient solar wind conditions. A significant increase in the momentum and kinetic energy of the leading CME is observed due to collisions with the trailing CME, along with the formation of reverse shocks in cases of strong interaction. These reverse shocks lead to complex wave patterns inside CME2, which can prolong the storm recovery phase. Furthermore, we observe that the minimum Dst value decreases with an increase in the initial density, tilt, and speed of the trailing CME.
The Oscillation in Evolution of Changing-look Blazar OQ 334
Authors: Ren S. S. , Zhou R. X. , Zheng Y. G. , Kang S. J.
Published: November 2024

We investigate the evolution of a changing-look blazar (CLB) on long timescales and expect to trace the state change of a CLB. Three morphological types, including a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) state, transition state, and BL Lacertae (BL Lac) state, are classified according to the criteria proposed by analyzing the relationship between the equivalent width of the emission line and the γ-ray photon spectral index Γ
γ
. The multiwavelength light curves and spectral energy distributions corresponding to different epochs are obtained. The efforts found that Γ
γ
satisfy the relationships with Γ
γ
≳ 2.2 for the FSRQ state, 2.0 < Γ
γ
< 2.2 for the transition state, and Γ
γ
≲ 2.0 for the BL Lac state. We apply the criteria to the photon spectrum evolution of CLB OQ 334 during MJD 58678–60387. The evolution is subdivided into five FSRQ states, nine transition states, and four BL Lac states. Moreover, we use the model spectra parameters of each state epoch to test the reliability of subdivided morphological types. The result shows that: (1) the accretion rate parameter is consistent with our earlier research; and (2) there is an increasing trend in the epochs of the BL Lac states, even if there is not an obvious decreasing trend in epochs of the FSRQ states. We issue strong evidence that a CLB is an especial epoch in the evolution of blazars that could be obtained from the oscillation phenomenon in the CLB evolution.
On the Formation of Super-Alfvénic Flows Downstream of Collisionless Shocks
Authors: Osmane Adnane , Raptis Savvas
Published: November 2024

Super-Alfvénic jets, with kinetic energy densities significantly exceeding that of the solar wind, are commonly generated downstream of Earth's bow shock under both high- and low-beta plasma conditions. In this study, we present theoretical evidence that these enhanced kinetic energy flows can be driven by firehose-unstable fluctuations and compressive heating within collisionless plasma environments. Using a fluid formalism that incorporates pressure anisotropy, we estimate that the downstream flow of a collisionless plasma shock can be accelerated by a factor of 2–4 following the compression and saturation of firehose instability. By analyzing quasi-parallel magnetosheath jets observed in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we find that approximately 11% of plasma measurements within these jets exhibit firehose-unstable fluctuations. Our findings offer an explanation for the distinctive generation of fast downstream flows in both low (β < 1) and high (β > 1) beta plasmas, and provide new evidence that kinetic processes are crucial for accurately describing the formation and evolution of magnetosheath jets.
Probing the Origin of the Star Formation Excess Discovered by JWST through Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Harikane Yuichi , Maeda Keiichi , Ioka Kunihito
Published: November 2024

The recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a larger number of bright galaxies at z ≳ 10 than was expected. The origin of this excess is still under debate, although several possibilities have been presented. We propose that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a powerful probe to explore the origin of the excess and, hence, the star and galaxy formation histories in the early universe. Focusing on the recently launched mission, Einstein Probe (EP), we find that EP can detect several GRBs annually at z ≳ 10, assuming the GRB formation rate calibrated by events at z ≲ 6 can be extrapolated. Interestingly, depending on the excess scenarios, the GRB event rate may also show an excess at z ≃ 10, and its detection will help to discriminate between the scenarios that are otherwise difficult to distinguish. Additionally, we discuss that the puzzling, red-color, compact galaxies discovered by JWST, the so-called “little red dots,” could host dark GRBs if they are dust-obscured star-forming galaxies. We are eager for unbiased follow-up of GRBs and encourage future missions such as HiZ-GUNDAM to explore the early universe.