bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programas de transferência condicionada de renda e segurança alimentar e nutricional
Authors: Kopruszynski Cíbele Pereira , Costa Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivos: a) periodizar a implantação de Programas de Transferência de Renda no Brasil (PTR), caracterizando-os a partir de seus objetivos e alcances potenciais sobre as condições alimentares e nutricionais da população; b) apresentar as contribuições do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) – na categoria de PTR – para a melhoria das condições alimentares e nutricionais de seus beneficiados; c) destacar as potencialidades e as limitações das condicionalidades estabelecidas pelo PBF para a consecução de condições de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil e d) avaliar a necessidade de medidas complementares para a efetividade de impactos positivos do PBF sobre as condições de SAN da população. As informações foram levantadas em artigos, livros, documentos e relatórios oficiais e foram abordadas de uma perspectiva histórica. Pôde-se concluir que: 1) o PBF tem possibilitado resultados positivos, no combate à pobreza e desigualdade social, comparativamente aos PTR anteriores e 2) para a consecução de melhorias efetivas nas condições alimentares e nutricionais dos beneficiários do PBF faz-se necessário além do acompanhamento sistemático do cumprimento das condicionalidades, a implementação de políticas públicas multissetoriais que deem suporte às políticas de SAN.
Análisis de los niveles de nutrientes críticos (azúcar, grasa y sal) declarados en alimentos procesados expendidos en Loja, Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Ruth , Balcázar María del Cisne Guamán , Quito Irma Gonza , Carrión Maritza Castillo , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: February 2017

La calidad nutricional de los alimentos processados es aún subestimada, a pesar de su incidência em la salud de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue brindar una perspectiva de la calidad de los alimentos procesados expendidos en la ciudad de Loja, Ecuador, em función del nivel de nutrientes críticos: azúcar, grasa, sal. Se valoraron 200 alimentos de 80 marcas de cereales para desayuno, granolas y galletas; carnes y preparaciones, yogures, pescados, bebidas no carbonatadas, jugos y néctares; disponibles en 10 supermercados. Los datos se obtuvieron directamente de las etiquetas, su valoración se realizó mediante la normativa de etiquetado vigente em Ecuador. Los resultados muestran el porcentaje de cada tipo de alimento y grupo incluídos em los niveles bajo, medio y alto de los nutrientes indicados. El 80% de cereales, 58,6% de bebidas y 47,1% de yogures fueron altos em azúcar. El mayor número de produtos registro um nível medio de grasa y lamayoría de carnes y preparaciones, fueron altos en sal. Se concluye que los alimentos procesados de mayor consumo en Loja, Ecuador, aportan elevados niveles de nutrientes críticos; existiendo pocas opciones de alimentos processados saludables, especialmente en bebidas, cárnicos y cereales.
Transgênicos: uma questão bioética
Authors: Paixão Junior Valdir Gonzalez , Pereira Junior Alfredo
Published: February 2017

A discussão em torno dos transgênicos, agrobiodiversidade e etnodesenvolvimento, a partir de uma perspectiva bioética relacionada à soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional, suscita questões éticas, sociais, culturais, econômicas e políticas importantes, onde interesses diversos, conflitantes e antagônicos, de cunho ideológico, entram em confronto sobre formas de agricultura relacionadas aos transgênicos e ao agronegócio por um lado e, por outro lado, aos agrossistemas sustentáveis e à agroecologia. Partindo-se do “princípio da precaução”, há que se reconsiderar a imediata inserção do uso de transgênicos na agricultura brasileira. Modelos alternativos e sistemas sustentáveis de agricultura devem ser buscados. Para além de uma discussão estritamente biotecnocientífica, questões relacionadas à diversidade social, cultural, ambiental, étnico-racial, dentre outras, relacionadas à agricultura familiar e camponesa, dos povos indígenas, quilombolas, e comunidades tradicionais, nas áreas rurais e urbanas, devem ser inseridas nesta discussão.
A Prospective Study of Four Total Ankle Arthroplasty Implants by Non-Designer Investigators
Authors: Lefrancois Tina , Younger Alastair , Wing Kevin , Penner Murray J. , Dryden Peter , Wong Hubert , Daniels Timothy , Glazebrook Mark
Published: February 2017

Background:

There are several types of prostheses available to surgeons when performing a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The main objective of this study was to summarize the clinical and functional outcomes of 4 TAA prostheses: the Hintegra implant (Integra LifeSciences), the Agility implant (DePuy), the Mobility implant (DePuy), and the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) implant (Small Bone Innovations [SBi]).

Methods:

Patients were prospectively recruited. A total of 451 TAAs with a mean follow-up (and standard deviation) of 4.5 ± 2.0 years were included. Patients were assessed annually and completed self-reported outcome measures at these visits. Complications and revisions were reported at the time of incident. Mean improvements are reported by prosthesis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to obtain adjusted comparisons of scores across prostheses. Survivorship curves were generated by prosthesis and type of complication.

Results:

Mean improvement in the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) total score was less among patients with the Mobility implant (19.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 24) than it was among patients with the Agility implant (29.1; 95% CI, 24 to 34), Hintegra implant (29.7; 95% CI, 27 to 33), and STAR implant (28.5; 95% CI, 23 to 34). Patients in the Mobility group also had less mean improvement in the AOS pain score (21.3; 95% CI, 17 to 26) compared with patients in the Hintegra (29.0; 95% CI, 26 to 32), Agility (29.8; 95% CI, 25 to 35), and STAR (29.1; 95% CI, 23 to 35) groups. The Mobility group also had less mean improvement in the AOS disability score (17.3; 95% CI, 12 to 23) compared with the Hintegra (30.4; 95% CI, 27 to 34), Agility (28.8; 95% CI, 23 to 34), and STAR (27.8; 95% CI, 21 to 34) groups. Survival results among the 4 prostheses are reported.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated acceptable outcomes of 4 modern TAA prostheses. Outcome results from patient-reported scores were comparable between at least 3 of the 4 prostheses (the Hintegra, STAR, and Agility implants). The rates of complications and revisions found in this study are within the limits reported in the literature for similar prostheses and methods of reporting.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Kultur Apeks untuk Penyediaan Bibit Unggul Tebu Varietas PS864 dan PS881
Authors: Sukmadjaja Deden , Supriyati Yati , Pardal Saptowo J.
Published: February 2017

In vitro culture
techniques have become alternative to help overcome the
problems those are often encountered in the provision of
seeds through conventional means. Micropropagation
through apex culture in sugarcane has several advantages,
such as the produced plants have higher genetic stability,
high multiplication rate, and more healthy seeds (especially
virus-free)., The aims of the the research were to produce
seeds of two varieties of sugarcane, namely PS864 and
PS881, through apex culture. Laboratory-scale research was
conducted at the Indonesian Center for Agricultural
Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and
Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor, while sowing seeds
nursery was done in the Experimental Station of Gowa,
South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural
Technology. The experiments consisted of initiation and
regeneration of apexes, shoots multiplication, rooting
induction, and acclimatization of plantlets. Research results
showed the initiation and regeneration of PS864 and PS881
through apex culture could be done on MS basic medium
containing 0.5 mg/l BAP. Shoot proliferation of both varieties
increased in the second subculture. Addition of 1 mg/l BAP
into medium in the second subculture resulted in higher
average number of shoots than that of 5 mg/l BAP, both for
PS864 and PS881. Addition of 1 mg/l and 5 mg/l kinetin
showed no significant differences for shoot numbers
compared to that of PS864 in medium containing 1 mg/l
BAP. The average number of PS881 shoots in multiplication
media containing 5 mg/l kinetin was higher than that of 1
mg/l kinetin. Increased concentrations of NAA and IBA from
0.1 mg/l to 0.5 mg/l in the MS medium were correlated to the
increased number of roots in PS864 shoots. Meanwhile, only
increased concentration of NAA that affected rooting percentage
of PS881. Acclimatization showed the percentage of
the plantlets grown in polybags was higher than that directly
grown in planting bed. The primary seeds (G0) produced in
these experiments were ready to be reproduced again to
obtain further stages.
Pengaruh Media terhadap Produksi Prodigiosin Isolat Bakteri Entomopatogen Serratia marcescens Asal Wereng Batang Cokelat
Authors: Manzila Ifa , Priyatno Tri P. , Herlis Rahminovita , Rusmana Iman , Samudra I Made , Suryadi Yadi
Published: February 2017

Prodigiosin, the red pigment produced
by the bacterium Serratia marcescens, is a secondary
metabolite of the family tripyrrole that has been widely used
as an antibiotic in the multifunction treatment of
antibacterial as well as antifungal. This study was aimed to
study the effect of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and nutrient
broth (NB) media suplemented with several concentrations
of FeSO4 and CaCO3 on the production and characteristic of
prodigiosin derived from S. marcescens. The study was
arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with
four replications. The LB and NB media were supplemented
with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM CaCO3 and 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM
FeSO4. Results showed a red pigment produced by S.
marcescens when cultured on both LB and NB media. Redlike
pigmentation was varied when supplemented with
different concentration of Fe2+ and Ca2+. The higher the
concentration of Fe2+, the more intense the red color,
conversely, the higher the concentration of Ca2+, the lighter
the red color. The interaction was found between the media
and concentrations of CaCO3 and FeSO4 on the production
of prodigiosin. The highest prodigiosin production was
obtained on NB media supplemented with FeSO4.
Meanwhile, the addition of CaCO3 did not affect the
prodigiosin production. An addition of 1 mM FeSO4 to LB
and NB media produced crude prodigiosin of 486.0 mg/ml
and 489.0 mg/ml, respectively. Based on purification by
column chromatography using silica gel, the prodigiosin
production on LB and NB media was 378 mg/ml and 450
mg/ml, with the purity level of 77.8% and 92%, respectively.
Detection of prodigiosin by thin-layer chromatography using
silica gel showed the red pigment had Rf value of 0.83 and
bioautography assay showed there was an antibacterial
activity against Xanthomanas oryzae pv. oryzae.
Survei Polimorfisme Tetua untuk Pengembangan Panel CSSL Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Identifikasi Tanaman F1
Authors: Susilowati Mariana , Basunanda Panjisakti , Enggraini Wening , Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R.
Published: February 2017

Raising yield potential of modern
indica varieties is essential to meet the increased demand of
rice production. This is due to increased human population,
threats of climate change and degradation of agricultural
resources. The use of chromosome segment substitution
lines (CSSL) is more effective for identification of genes
those are useful for improvement of yield potential. The aims
of this study were to observe the morphological trait
differences between recipient parent (var. Ciherang) and
three candidates of donor parent (var. Fatmawati and new
plant type lines, i.e. B12743 and B11143D), to identify
polymorphic SSR markers among them and to verify F1
individuals. Ciherang and B11143D showed significant
differences on flowering time, plant height, flag leaf area,
tiller number, productive tiller number, panicle length,
spikelet number per panicle and 1,000 grain weight. The rate
of SSR marker polymorphisms between Ciherang and
B11143D was the highest, where 155 of 513 markers (30.2%)
were polymorphic. Marker genotyping using three
polymorphic markers showed that 26 of 27 plants resulted
from the cross of Ciherang х B11143D were F1. These F1
plants could become the basis of CSSL panel that facilitate
the mapping of genes responsible for increasing the yield
potential.
Deteksi dan Respons Lima Varietas Pepaya terhadap Tiga Isolat Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV)
Authors: Harmiyati Tutik , Hidayat Sri H. , Adnan Abdul M.
Published: February 2017

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of favorite fruits for Indonesian people and known as a good vitamin source. Recently, a ring
spot disease was reported in some growing areas and it potentially caused yield loss. The disease is caused by Papaya
ringspot virus (PRSV) and considered as a new disease in Indonesia. Therefore, preliminary research was done to study the
response of some varieties of papaya against PRSV infection. Field isolates of PRSV were collected from Medan, Aceh, and
Bogor. Identification of the isolates was done based on the nucleotide sequence analysis of coat protein gene. Response of
papaya varieties was evaluated based on the results of mechanical inoculation. Identification results showed that the
nucleotide sequences of PRSV isolates Medan, Aceh, and Bogor, have a high similarity to that from other countries, i.e.
Thailand, Australia, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Taiwan (93.0–98.3%). Disease incidence reached 100% for all isolates of PRSV
on all test varieties, although based on the DIBA’s result, it was known that the virus titer in plants are different. No varieties of
papaya showed resistant to PRSV.
Penyisipan Gen Inhibitor α-amilase pada Plasmid Biner pCambia 1301
Authors: Listanto Edy , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Pardal Saptowo J. , Herman M.
Published: February 2017

The experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor. The objective was to construct -ai gene on a binary plasmid pCambia 1301. This experiment was carried out using construction method by ligation process between fragments of α-ai gene from pTA3 plasmid and pCambia 1301 on HindIII site. The result of ligant transformation into E. coli DH5α was 182 surviving colonies on YEP medium containing kanamycin. DNA samples were obtained from 60 randomly selected colonies. The restriction pattern was tested by digesting each DNA sample using HindIII showed colonies containing two fragments expected of sizes wich are 11.837 and 4.887 kb. Two colonies are predicted containing of α-ai gene on its the binary plasmid. Advanced tests using restriction enzymes BamHI and XbaI showed two directions (right and left) of α-ai gene. The right direction was shown by pCambia-α-ai1 from colony number 43. This plasmid showed expected fragments of sizes 13.485 and 3.219 kb when digested with BamHI and two fragments of sizes 15.421 and 1.303 kb when digested with XbaI. The left direction was shown pCambia-α-ai2 from colony number 58. This plasmid also demon-strated expected fragments of sizes 15.026 and 1.698 kb when digested with BamHI and two fragments of sizes 13.082 and 3.642 kb when digested with XbaI. Both pCambia-α-ai1 and pCambia-α-ai2 were transformed into A. tumefaciens LBA4404.
Pengaruh Cekaman Aluminium terhadap Kandungan Asam Organik dalam Kalus dan Pinak Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Enggarini Wening , Marwani Erly
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Al stress on citric, malic and oxalic acid content of L. esculentum cv. Intan callus and plantlet, also aluminum content of L. esculentum plantlet. Callus was induced from cotyledone of L. esculentum on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media containing 10-7 M NAA and 10-6 kinetin. The callus was then transferred step wisely at 3 weeks interval to media containing 220, 275, 330, 385, 440, 550, 825, and 1100 μM AlCl3. The callus cultures on the control media and media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were able to regenerate and produce shoots after 8 passages of subculture. The shoots from media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were transferred into the media with addition of 825 μM AlCl3, then to the media with 1100 μM AlCl3. The High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Al stress callus and plantlets contained malic acid, but no citric and oxalic acid. The content of malic acid in callus decreased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 0 to 385 μM. On the other hand, the content of malic acid in callus increased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 440 μM to 1100 μM. Similarly, the content of malic acid in root increased with increasing concentration of AlCl3 from 550 μM to 1100 μM. The result of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that Al content in root decreased as the amount of AlCl3 increased in the media. These results suggested that L. esculentum callus and plantlet respond to the Al stress by producing higher amount of malic acid.
Nodulation and Growth of a Supernodulating Soybean Mutant SS2-2 Symbiotically Associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Authors: Lestari Puji , Van Kyujung , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk-Ha
Published: February 2017

Mutan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper menunjukkan kelemahan dalam kontrol autoregulasi pada nodulasi dan perbedaan fenotip dibandingkan dengan tipe liarnya. Studi untuk mengevaluasi karakter pertumbuhan dan nodulasi dari kedelai penghasil nodulsuper dalam asosiasinya dengan Bradyrhizobium japonicum dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Tiga genotip kedelai, yaitu mutan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper SS2-2, tipe liarnya Sinpaldalkong 2 dan kedelai kontrol Jangyeobkong diinokulasi dengan B. japonicum USDA 110, kemudian ditumbuhkan di rumah kaca dalam kondisi terkontrol. Karakter nodulasi, fiksasi nitrogen (Acetylene Reduction Activity/ARA), pertumbuhan tanaman, dan hasil biji ditentukan untuk mengevaluasi asosiasi simbiotik antara B. japonicum dan kedelai nodulsuper. Kedelai yang diinokulasi dengan B. japonicum menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah dan berat kering nodul serta berat kering total tanaman dibandingkan dengan tanpa inokulasi. Tanaman SS2-2 yang diinokulasi menunjukkan jumlah nodul sekitar 20 kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada tipe liarnya. Inokulasi B. japonicum ternyata juga meningkatkan fiksasi nitrogen seiring dengan perkembangan nodul. Tanaman S2-2 lebih pendek dan menghasilkan fiksasi nitrogen (ARA) lebih tinggi, tetapi spesifik ARA dan hasil biji lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tipe liarnya. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap nodulasi dan pertumbuhannya, interaksi Rhizobium dan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper SS2-2 mempunyai respon asosiasi simbiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kedelai penghasil nodul normal (kedelai yang tidak mendapat perlakuan mutasi).
Teknik Isolasi dan Kultur Protoplas Tanaman Padi
Authors: Sukmadjaja Deden , Sunarlim Novianti , Lestari Endang G. , Roostika Ika , Suharlini Tintin
Published: February 2017

Protoplast
fusion or somatic hybridization technology is an alternative
technology for production hybrids of plants that are difficult
to be produced by conventional methods due to their sexual
incompatibility. An experiment was conducted to develop
techniques for isolation, purification, and culture of rice
protoplasts of cultivar IR64 and a wild rice species (Oryza
officinalis). Optimization of protoplast isolation and purification
methods from both rice genotypes were successfully
done. The highest protoplast density was obtained by
digesting embryonic callus or stems of young seedling in an
enzyme solution containing of 2% cellulose, 0.1% pectolyase,
0.5% macerozyme, 0.5% driselase, 5 mM ES, and 13% mannitol
in CPW solution. The protoplast digestion was done for
three hours by soaking in the enzyme solution followed by
shaking at 50 rpm under a room temperature. Purification of
the protoplasts were done by separating them from plant
debris using a 25% sucrose solution. Protoplast regeneration
was not successful using although different media compositions
and conditions. Growth process from cell division to
cell aggregate was only successful on IR64 protoplast culture
on a medium that contained AgNO3.
Transformasi Gen Antisens ACC Oksidase pada Pepaya dengan Teknik Penembakan Partikel
Authors: Damayanti Diani , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Mariska Ika , Herman Muhamad
Published: February 2017

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fruit that exhibit a
very fast ripening rate. Ethylene controls the ripening event
in the papaya fruit. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbocxylic acid
(ACC) oxidase gene encodes a specific enzyme for ethylene
biosynthesis. The gene had become a target for manipulation
to make a gene construct of an antisense ACC oxidase
to regenerate transgenic papaya that has a characteristic of
delayed ripening. The objective of the experiment is to engineer transgenic papaya that has a delayed ripening characteristic by transforming papaya with the antisense ACC oxidase gene through particle bombardment technique. The immature embryos of papaya variety Burung
were used for the explants. Antisense ACC oxidase and reporter (gus) genes were co-transformed to papaya calli. Four hundreds eighteen calli were bombarded by the antisense ACC oxidase gene. The transformation experiment resulted 25 putatives transgenic plants out of fifty plants
acclimatized in a greenhouse. Gus gene expression assay observed at 9 days after bombardment showed that the papaya explants bombarded twice at 9 cm shoot distance had 53.3% transformation rate of gus positive and 5.25 blue spots number in average. The results of PCR analysis showed that four out of 25 transgenic putative papaya plants (TR6, TR9, TR20, dan TR24), indicated a positive PCR of the antisense ACC oxidase gene with the amplified fragment DNA size of 800 base pair.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Acremonium yang Berasosiasi dengan Tanaman Gaharu Menggunakan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Authors: Rahmawati Dewi , Toruan-Mathius Nurita
Published: February 2017

Agarwood
or gaharu is a plant that has a high economic value in Asia,
due to its use for production of incense and traditional
medicines. The agarwood formation occurs in the trunk and
roots of trees that have been infected by a fungus, such as
Acremonium spp. Various fungi were associated with the
agarwood formation. Acremonium is generally considered as
highly polyphyletic, contains distantly related fungi. A study
was done to identify genetic diversities in 10 isolates of
Acremonium spp. from four different areas in Indonesia that
are associated with Aquilaria and Gyrinops verstigii using the
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.
Eight RAPD primers, i.e., OPA 02, OPB 04, OPB 07, OPB 17,
OPC 11, OPD 03, OPD 05, and OPE 07 were used in the
analyses. The results indicated that similarity index values of
the genetic variation ranged from 0.21 to 0.97. Based on the
Nei and Li’s similarity coefficients, these values indicating
the presence of high degree of genetic variability. The lowest
degree of genetic similarity were found between isolates F
(Acremonium spp., which is associated with G. verstigii from
Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat), and LM2 from south coastal
area of West Sumatra. The highest genetic similarity value
(0.97) was found between isolates Sr2 and Sr4 from Sorong,
Papua. Results from the cluster analysis indicated that the
isolates could be grouped into two major clusters that were
associated with their geographical locations.
Identifikasi dan Aplikasi Marka Berbasis PCR untuk Identifikasi Varietas Padi dengan Palatabilitas Tinggi
Authors: Lestari Puji , Risliawati Andari , Koh Hee Jong
Published: February 2017

To date, there has
been no DNA fingerprint profile as unique identity of rice
variety that has a high palatability (overall eating quality) in
Indonesia, thus identification of premium varieties using
molecular markers is considered to be important. This study
aimed to establish DNA fingerprint profiles of indica and
japonica rice varieties, and unique identities of rice varieties
with high palatability using molecular markers associated
with palatability. Total of 22 japonica and 24 indica rice
varieties were evaluated their overall eating quality and
tested using 20 molecular markers STS (sequence-tagged
site) which were designed on the basis of japonica rice
genome. To identify the genes functions, all these markers
amplicons were cloned, transformed, sequenced and the
sequences results were analyzed their homologous against
the genome database. Ilpum (japonica) and Rojolele
(indica) were identified to have the highest palatability
compared to other varieties. DNA fingerprint profiles
identified with the total STS markers were not able to
differentiate each variety, however premium varieties of
japonica and indica showed specific identities. A unique
identity of Indonesian indica variety possessing high
palatability, Rojolele was successfully developed using a
markers set. DNA fingerprint profile in digital value system
facilitates the identification of premium rice from other
varieties. The fragments of the STS primers showed no any
known-genes functions related to rice eating quality,
therefore these markers are preferentially used for
identification of premium rice with high palatability than
differentiation of rice varieties based on the palatability. In
this study, the unique identity of rice variety with high
palatability is very usefull to evaluate the purity for
germplasm protection.
Induksi Tunas pada Kotiledon dan Hipokotil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) melalui Organogenesis Tak Langsung
Authors: Dewi Iswari S , Nindita Anggi , Purwoko Bambang S. , Efendi Darda
Published: February 2017

Propagation through tissue culture of plant
species with rich secondary metabolites such as Jatropha
curcas L. is difficult to obtain. However, once established, it
can be used as one of the alternatives to supply uniform
propagules. The effects of auxin and cytokinin on the
regulation of de novo woody plants shoot development have
been studied through shoot induction, differentiation and
development. The objective of this research was to identify
explant and suitable culture media for in vitro shoot induction
through indirect organogenesis. Factorial experiment
was arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated
20 times. The first factor was explants, i.e. cotyledons and
hypocotyls. The second factor was MS media containing
combination of plant growth regulator IAA (0, 0.05, and 0.1
mg/l) and BAP (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/l). The results of the
experiment showed that the fastest callus initiation was
achieved by MS + IAA 0.1 mg/l, i.e. 9.5 days after explants
were cultured. Shoots with leaves can be induced from both
cotyledons and hypocotyls. However, hypocotyls gave more
shoots and leaves than cotyledons when cultured in MS +
IAA 0.1 mg/l + BAP 3.0 mg/l. Shoots obtain from hypocotyls
and cotyledons were successfully rooted in MS medium
without any growth regulator.
Transformasi Genetik Pisang Ambon dengan Gen Kitinase dari Padi
Authors: Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Sukmadjaja Deden
Published: February 2017

One of the main constrains on the
productivity and quality enhancement of banana is wilt
diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Foc). Production
decrease by wilt disease was 63.33%. Therefore, an effort to
obtain the banana new variety which is tolerant to fusarium
was absolutely necessary to be done. Genetic engineering
can be used in new variety improvement, especially for
production of pest and disease tolerant varieties.
Transformation of banana with chi gene which expressed
chitinase enzyme have been used in obtaining the plant
resistant to Foc. The goals of the research were to obtain:
determine lowest higromisin consentration inhibited nodul
growth by tested four consentration of higromisin,
determine optimum cocultivation time by tested three times
cocultivation, tested asetosiringone added on two times
cocultivation, and gen chi introduction at banana
transforman shoots with PCR. The explants used were
nodule induced from pseudostem of banana cv. Ambon
kuning. Genetic transformation done by sowing the explants
in bacterial suspension 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes.The effect
of asetosiringone (0 and 100 mg/l) on cocultivation medium
was observed. The research results showed that the lowest
higromisin concentration inhibited nodule growth was 25
mg/l for 5 weeks and the best time for inoculation of nodule
were 30 minute. Asetosiringone added on bacterial
suspension did not increase transformation efficiency.
Chitinase gene transformation using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens on banana nodules produced 25 noduly ines of
putative transformant on selection media and 34 plants
transforman identification by PCR.
Precision Packer Mandrel Cuts Using Electromechanical Pipe Cutting Technology
Authors: Gasmi K. , Ransonet G.
Published: February 2017

Deepwater production installations are increasingly more complex and present many new challenges. These completions are often engineered to incorporate a "cut to release" retrievable packer, enabling simultaneous recovery of the production installation items and the packer. The operational requirements to precisely and successfully cut the packer's release mandrel often limit the use of traditional mandrel cutting techniques. Advancements in electromechanical pipe cutting technology address the need for a precise, successful cut of the packer mandrel. As a result, downtime, risk and overall intervention cost are minimized. This paper discusses the electromechanical technology's ability to perform mandrel cuts in a variety of conditions and environments. The paper includes a case history to illustrate its operating capabilities and how operators are now incorporating this advanced technology into the engineering of future completions.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Cyclic Strains in Coiled Tubing Surface Defects for Fatigue Life Assessment
Authors: Ishak Joanne , Santos Murilo A. , Tipton Steven M.
Published: February 2017

A defect in the surface of coiled tubing (CT) can have expensive ramifications. The defect may lead to failure in a few bending cycles and research is underway to study the influence of defects on CT fatigue strength. Existing semiempirical models are based on measured flaw dimensions and fatigue lives measured experimentally. Although the dimensions and overall flaw geometry are "known," an important feature of the flaw that has not been used is the radius of curvature at the notch root. The notch root radius is a measure of the "sharpness" of a flaw. Although empirical models assess the shape of a notch indirectly, they do not incorporate a direct measurement of the notch root radius. Since technology is emerging that is capable of measuring notch root radii, a method is needed to assess its influence on fatigue.

To assess the effect of flaw geometry, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be used, with sophisticated kinematic hardening rules to model the cyclic strain behavior of the material at the notch root, and reveal its dynamic behavior. However, obtaining the experimental data necessary to validate the predictions is difficult. The measurement of cyclic strains at the roots of physically small defects in CT has never been attempted due to the small size of the flaws, and limited access to them in CT fatigue testing machines. Therefore, specialized defect geometry was developed for this study specifically to accommodate the placement of small strain gages in the notch root.

Computationally intensive FEA modeling and strain gage measurements were conducted on defect-free tubing, to establish baseline tubing behavior, then repeated with the notch geometry. Strain gages had to be replaced every cycle of loading due to the large strain ranges. The tedious gage installation procedure resulted in repeatable measurements of notch root cyclic strains, and good agreement with FEA predictions was achieved.

Some additional FEA results are presented with increasingly sharper notches. Estimates from conventional notch strain analysis techniques based on the elastic stress concentration factor and elastoplastic material properties were compared to the FEA results and a modified approach was identified that agreed well over the range of geometries examined in this study.
Mega Reach Case Study, Saudi Arabia; The Application of Fluidic Oscillation Vibratory Tools in Tackling a Challenging Coiled Tubing Well Intervention
Authors: Duthie Laurie , Namlah Sultan , Abdulghani Ahmed , Elsherif Tamer
Published: February 2017

Every year, the complexity of horizontal wells grows, and matrix stimulation of these wells is key for maintaining production levels and improving the draw-down from producing formations. In the subject field, many wells are drilled as mega-reach with measured total depths up to 33,000 ft. The mega-reach represents a significant challenge for coiled tubing to reach the total depth (TD) and perform well interventions such as stimulation and logging. Coiled tubing (CT) may lock up before TD, and it can be challenging to understand the root cause. One difficulty is differentiating between lockups due to the well conditions and bottom-hole assembly (BHA) malfunctions.

Electric submersible pump (ESP) completions contain bypass assemblies that impose an additional challenge introducing a restriction in tubing internal diameters. The restriction is less than 2.50" in the completion, increasing to 8-1/2" for the open hole, extending for at least 5,000 ft laterally in the producing formation. With the large variation in internal diameter (ID), the hydraulic tractor option is excluded from the mega-reach aid list, though it has proven reliable in extending the reach of CT for 6-1/8" openhole sizes in the same field. Therefore, the challenge here is to derive the maximum output possible from fluidic oscillation vibratory tools to achieve forces close enough to tractor forces and ultimately accomplishing the intervention objective.

A combination of mechanical and chemical solutions was the designated approach to tackle the challenge. After reviewing all the possible solutions, tractors were excluded due to the extreme expansion ratio needed resulting in lower pulling forces. A fluidic oscillation tool inducing axial vibration of an absolute magnitude exceeding 1,600 lbf was yard tested and deployed as a solution in combination with a selection of friction and drag reducers.

This paper will illustrate the reach challenges, analysis performed, and show how we could utilize the latest developments in fluidic oscillation vibratory tools. It will also include downhole real-time data acquisition assisting the understanding of lockup occurrence, as well as quantifying the improvements in the pre-job tubing force model simulation.
Dynamic Event Modeling: A Critical Aspect for Successful Deployment of Coiled Tubing Perforating Operations
Authors: Gilliat Jim , Satti Rajani , Hillis Parry , McClean Charlie
Published: February 2017

It is widely acknowledged that complex well completions involving highly deviated, extended-reach horizontal applications often direct the operator to choose coiled tubing as the optimum conveyance tool. This method provides the flexibility to run long and heavy guns, create static/under balance or spot fluids. However, due to the length and weight of guns used, a much larger dynamic load acts on a coiled tubing assembly, thereby requiring a comprehensive understanding of dynamic phenomenon in these applications. Consequently, numerical modeling for accurate prediction of pre-job coiled tubing perforating designs is critical to mitigate risk and ensure successful deployment in a cost-effective manner.

This paper focuses on several aspects of coiled tubing perforating: procedures, best practices, successful deployment, lessons learnt and most importantly, the modeling tools that are used to design and optimize a coiled tubing job. The modeling software utilized in this work is an engineering and scientific tool that simulates the dynamic response of a cased or uncased wellbore, its contents, and the porous rock formation to the energy released by gas-generating and stored pressure sources. Further, the tool successfully models the perforating event beforehand to mitigate risk and predict the viability of the process. The model is used to ensure the coiled tubing can be successfully deployed, manage/mitigate gun shock, recover the guns, etc.

Subsequently, the case histories presented in this study further emphasize the significance of careful job planning and the related modeling that is integral to the success of critical coiled tubing deployments. The first case history deals with the live well deployment of guns to perforate the upper section of a failed completion. Concerns about shock loading and inflow were successfully modeled in the software. Iterations of the model were run to monitor inflow and various underbalance scenarios. The outcome was a successful deployment and recovery of one thousand six hundred feet of perforating guns. In the second case of a complex HPHT well, concerns about shock loading and the effect of high volume in flow were modeled in the software to ensure a successful operation. The effect of shock on the coil and the completion were successfully modeled, resulting in two successful deployments. In another case, two subsea coiled tubing jobs using propellants are presented. The concern was the effect of the propellant on the coiled tubing and the completion. Extensive modeling enabled us to size the gun system and the proper amount of propellant to prevent issues. The results from the case histories and the insight provided by the dynamic modeling software illustrate that, irrespective of the complexity of the perforating job, careful job planning complemented by advanced dynamic modeling are critical to successful deployment of a coiled tubing perforating job.
A New Electric Line Downhole Jetting Tool Accomplishes Sample Collection and Screen Clean-Out to Restore Production
Authors: Husvag M. A. , Skagseth T. F. , Mourani H. , Sidle B. , Schwanitz B.
Published: February 2017

A North Sea well was drilled and completed as a sidetrack with a 4 ½" liner set using open-hole sand screens (2x12m) in the toe and swell packers for isolating the production intervals. Due to poor productivity and injectivity, the well had been shut-in. It was suspected that the completed interval had been filled by particles (mainly barite) from different mud types that were suspended or settled in the completion fluid placed both inside and outside the screens.

Due to multiple uncertainties regarding the fill, it was desirable to perform a drift run to determine the hold-up depth (HUD) and collect samples there. The operator decided to apply a modified version of a known electric-line (e-line) suction tool. The service company modified the tool to include a set of unique valves which would be able to store and preserve downhole liquid and solid samples, enabling the operator to retrieve and analyze the debris. This would then allow them to subsequently determine whether a planned chemical was the best possible treatment solution to remediate the suspected screen plugging.

In a subsequent run a newly developed, e-line powered, downhole jetting tool would be deployed to convey the chemicals to target depth and flush the screens using the tool's jetting nozzles.

The performance of both the modified suction tool and the new downhole jetting tool were successful in accomplishing both challenges in this operation. They managed to determine the HUD and collect samples of both solids and liquids. Then, on a subsequent run, the jetting tool conveyed chemicals down to the screen and cleaned them with a high pressure jet opening the screens to flow.

This paper will review the procedural details of this operation, which constitutes the first job performed with such e-line powered tools; tools which enable accomplishing the objectives without injection or production required on the well. Two important benefits are demonstrated: an increased operational efficiency for collecting samples and a new method to perform down-hole, high pressure injection without the need to mobilize surface pumping equipment and fluids.
Field Performance of New Coiled Tubing Technology and a New Grade for Improved Sour Service
Authors: Rolovic R. , Reichert B. , Morales C. , Coloschi M. , Valdez M. , Grimaldo C. , Nguyen T.
Published: February 2017

A new coiled tubing (CT) manufacturing technology was developed and introduced to commercial field operations in 2015. The new technology uses new steels and new heat treatment processes for complete microstructure transformation to produce significantly improved and uniform microstructure and properties along the entire coiled tubing string, including bias welds. Numerous straight and tapered wall thickness CT strings have been commercially deployed and used in various field operations and environments. Information has been collected for CT field performance evaluation of the new technology 125-ksi and 110-ksi minimum yield strength CT grades. Field results show new technology CT performance and utilization far beyond any conventional CT capability and experience. Additionally, testing of CT strings after extensive field use shows significant remaining string life and confirms observations and conclusions from previous extensive laboratory and field testing.

The new CT manufacturing technology also has been extended to produce a new, 95-ksi yield strength CT grade. This new CT grade has significantly better general performance than comparable conventional CT grades. It also has substantially better performance in sour, aqueous H2S-containing environments. Non-sour and sour test results for the new CT grade and comparisons with other CT grades are presented in the paper. Sour fatigue tests were conducted on full-body CT samples after 4-day sour exposure. Sulfide stress cracking and sour fatigue testing in H2S environments show that the new 95-ksi CT grade has much better sour performance than the conventional 90-ksi grade that is currently the highest CT grade regularly used in sour environments.
Improving Intervention Efficiency with a Novel X-ray Diagnostic Service: A Case Study
Authors: Spannuth M. , Achihai R. , Gonzalez Campos J. A. , Husvæg M. A. , Johns J. , Singleton J.
Published: February 2017

Operators continuously strive to improve the efficiency of well intervention activities, as any time spent on interventions is non-productive time. However, planning and executing an efficient intervention is challenging when downhole conditions or issues are uncertain. The guesswork involved often leads to a trial-and-error process during interventions. Performing diagnostic imaging at the outset of an intervention could break this inefficient cycle, but the techniques commonly used for downhole visualizations, such as video cameras, lead impression blocks and ultrasonic imaging, are not sufficiently reliable. Recently, an X-ray based wireline tool was introduced for providing downhole imaging, regardless of the well fluid. We will present a case study in which this new tool was used to assess the condition of the flapper on a downhole safety valve. The X-ray images showed that the flapper was mobile and verified that an insert downhole safety could potentially be installed. This allowed the operator to eliminate higher-risk and more costly options, and they eventually installed the insert downhole safety valve.
Development and Compatibility Testing of Coiled Tubing with 140-ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength
Authors: Elliott K. , Graham-Wright T. , Williams C. D. , Hampson R. , Portillo B. , Cuaron A.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the recent development of 140-ksi specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) coiled tubing (CT). The introduction provides background on the development. This includes the history of high-strength CT developments and potential new markets. It also defines the testing necessary to verify that the appropriate strength levels are achieved through all welding processes and compatibility with typical CT field equipment.

The tubing properties verification, steel selection process, and the welding procedure development and testing are discussed. Verification of manufacturability using current CT manufacturing equipment, which includes high-frequency induction welding, is also discussed. Compatibility testing verifies that the tubing can be used with typical CT equipment, such as injectors, blowout preventers (BOPs), and typical connections to pressure pumping equipment.

The target market for high-strength tubing is high-pressure well intervention and completion operations. Therefore, sour gas compatibility testing should be performed because even modest amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) become severely sour in high-pressure environments. The testing program verifies that while using the available chemical inhibition methods, the tubing/inhibitor system is not susceptible to sulfide stress cracking (SSC), even at extremely sour H2S partial pressures in acidic environments. Finally, testing to verify low-cycle fatigue life caused by exposure with inhibition is discussed based on full-tube fatigue testing, both with and without sour gas exposure.

The paper concludes with lessons learned during the development process and presents the conclusions regarding the development, applicable markets for use, and any future steps.
Calf muscle functional deficit 1-year after Achilles tendon rupture repair surgery
Authors: Aleknavičiūtė-Ablonskė Vaida , Skurvydas Albertas , Juodžbalienė Vilma , Balčiūnas Sigitas
Published: February 2017

The primary muscles responsible for plantar flexion movement are soleus and gastrocnemius which connects to the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendon rupture is managed most often with open surgical repair in which the affected limb is immobilized. Understanding the effects of long-term immobilization, how these lead to changes in the physiological properties of the calf muscles changes, may help to improve rehabilitation. Investigating the biomechanical behavior of the calf muscles may provide a better understanding of how the inferior material properties of a scarred Achilles tendon may influence the more global structural properties of the intact muscles
Reconstruction of social cultural and educational environment in the context of professional stress: subjective experience o social pedagogues
Authors: Alifanovienė Daiva , Šapelytė Odeta , Kryukova Tatyana
Published: February 2017

The paper deals with the social pedagogues’ subjective experience in the context of reconstruction of stress factors. The main aim is to reveal subjective experiences of social pedagogues from the aspect of stress factors they experience and how they express them in various social, cultural, and educational contexts. The respondents were chosen by target convenience sampling, i.e., social pedagogues (N=14), working at education and training institutions for at least two years of work experience; all having higher university education. To analyse the specialists’ experience a qualitative method of data collection have been chosen. Reconstructing a multi-layered context of social, cultural and educational diversity, a complex character of professional stress experienced by these specialists has been revealed. Evaluating the semantics of the chosen social pedagogues’ reactions to stress, overall stress harm to people, covering all layers of the personality structure manifests itself, and it can cause somatic and psychic complaints, social and professional maladaptation.