bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarkable Photocatalytic Behavior of WO3 /MoS2 Heterostructure: Insights From a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Shenoy Sulakshana , Sridha Kishore , Tarafder Kartick
Published: August 2021

The Z-scheme heterogeneous photocatalytic system simulates the natural photosynthesis process and can overcome the shortcomings of the single-component photocatalyst, and possess many merits, including increased light-harvesting, spatially separated reductive and oxidative sites, and well-preserved strong redox ability, which benefits the photocatalytic performance. Here we report the fabrication of a novel WO3/MoS2 heterojunction via the hydrothermal method, with the structure, electronic and photocatalytic properties analyzed by means of experimental and theoretical methods. Photocatalytic studies have been conducted on methylene blue dye under visible light in the presence of WO3/MoS2 heterostructure, and the degradation rate was as high as 90% within 60 min of light irradiation. A detailed theoretical study of this system shows that an internal electric field at the interface of the heterojunction was formed directed from MoS2 to WO3, which helps to separate the photogenerated electron-hole pairs efficiently through a direct Z-scheme charge transfer process. This work also demonstrated the significant potential of WO3/MoS2 heterostructure towards hydrogen evolution reaction.
Fascia Thickness Increases Following Eccentric Exercise Leading to Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Authors: Tenberg Sarah , Nosaka Kazunori , Wilke Jan
Published: August 2021

Background: The deep fascia fuses tightly with the skeletal muscle and, thus, may be damaged by eccentric loading. Methods: To study its possible involvement in delayed onset muscle soreness, 11 healthy participants (♂= 7; 24±2 years) performed fatiguing dumbbell elbow flexor eccentric exercise (EE) for one arm and concentric exercise (CE) for the other arm in random order and with random arm allocation. Before, immediately after and 24-96 hours post-exercise, maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of the elbow flexors (dynamometer), pressure pain (algometer), palpation pain (100-mm visual analog scale), biceps brachii fascia thickness and fascia/muscle mobility during passive movement (both high-resolution ultrasound) were examined. Results: Palpation pain, suggestive of DOMS, was greater after EE than CE, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque decreased greater after EE than CE (p<.05). Relative to CE, EE increased fascia thickness at 48 (+17%), 72 (+14%) and 96 (+15%) hours post-exercise (p<.05). At 96 hours post-EE, the increase in fascia thickness correlated with palpation pain (r=.68; p<.05). Fascia mobility was not different between conditions, but compared to CE, muscle displacement increased at 24 (+31%), 72 (+31%), and 96 (+41%) hours post-EE (p<.05). Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest an involvement of the deep fascia in delayed onset muscle soreness.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Preparation for Pd2+ Ions Adsorption From Aqueous Wastewaters: A Green Technique
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Nikandam Kourosh
Published: August 2021

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were easily synthesized using zinc nitrate through centaurea cyanus extract (as a reducing agent) at ambient conditions. XRD results demonstrated that ZnO NPs have a high-crystalline hexagonal structure with an average size of 48 nm in diameter. FT-IR spectral analysis indicated an active contribution of centaurea cyanus-derived biomolecules in zinc ions bioreduction. According to SEM analysis, ZnO NPs were properly dispersed and had a hexagonal shape. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the impact of several process parameters such as initial pH of solution, adsorption dosage, Pd2+ ions initial concentration and contact time on the Pd2+ ions adsorption from the solution. The Freundlich isothermal model could excellently legitimize a multilayer adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic. The maximum adsorption (99.24%) was experimentally found at pH of 5.5, adsorption dosage of 1.63 g.L-1, Pd2+ ions initial concentration of 77.5 mg.L-1 and contact time of 91.25 min.
Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 post-vaccination breakthrough infections in association with vaccines and the emergence of variants in Bahrain
Authors: AlQahtani Manaf , Bhattacharyya Sujoy , Alawadi Abdulla , Mahmeed Hamad Al , Sayed Jaleela Al , Justman Jessica , El-Sadr Wafaa M. , Hidary Jack , Mukherjee Siddhartha
Published: August 2021

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants across the world has raised concerns about the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines that were designed against the original Wuhan (wild type) variant. Critical questions have arisen regarding: (a) the effectiveness of various vaccines in preventing infection, symptomatic disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death and (b) the magnitude and clinical consequences of post-vaccination infections in the context of emerging variants, especially the Delta variant of SARS-Cov2. While “real world” experiences with various vaccines have been reported, few have examined comparative effectiveness of various vaccines in one population, as new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. Here we present an analysis of COVID-19 related outcomes from Bahrain, a country with a total population of 1.501 million, where four vaccines were deployed (total vaccinated =1,003,960), including Astra-Zeneca (AZ/Covishield), Pfizer/BioNtech, Sinopharm and Sputnik V. By analyzing individual histories of vaccinated versus unvaccinated cases, we provide a granular description of the effectiveness of the four vaccines, disease burden in unvaccinated versus vaccinated individuals over time, and the risk of four outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths) due to breakthrough infections among vaccinated individuals. We conclude that the four vaccines were effective in reducing all four outcomes in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals, prior to, and during the period when the Delta variant became dominant in the country (May 2021 to the present). However, after censoring early vaccine recipients of Sinopharm vaccine, compared to Pfizer/BionTech recipients, individuals vaccinated with Sinopharm had a higher risk of post-vaccination infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths, especially in those > 50 years old. Our overall findings support the value of vaccination in preventing COVID-19 related events even with the advent of the Delta variant. These data support the urgent need to expand vaccination access around the world, and may serve to guide the choice of vaccines in the context of the Delta variant.
Associations Between Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib and Angiopoietin and Clinical Responses to Lenvatinib Therapy in Japanese Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kumagai Maho , Nagahama Mitsuji , Akamine Yumiko , Ozeki Tomoko , Suzuki Akifumi , Sugino Kiminori , Ito Koichi , Miura Masatomo
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among plasma concentrations of lenvatinib, angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2, and clinical responses to lenvatinib therapy in Japanese patients with thyroid cancer. Methods: Plasma concentrations of lenvatinib (C0) and Ang-1 and -2 were measured by HPLC and ELISA, respectively.Results: The median change rates of Ang-1 and Ang-2 at 1 month after treatment from baseline in 36 patients were -15.3% and -48.4%, respectively. However, the change of Ang-1 and Ang-2 at 1 month from baseline did not correlate with lenvatinib C0. In patients with partial response (PR) and stable disease to lenvatinib, Ang-2 at 1 month were significantly lower than Ang-2 at baseline (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), but were not significantly lower in patients with progressive disease. The area under the ROC for PR prediction was 0.667, giving the best sensitivity (69.2%) and specificity (73.9%) at a threshold of the change rate of Ang-2 of -49.83%. A one year overall survival for patients having the change rate of Ang-2 of at least -49.83% and less than -49.83% were 62.5% and 40%, respectively. In patients who continued treatment with lenvatinib for 1 year, Ang-2 at 1 month and 1 year after treatment were significantly lower than those at baseline (each P < 0.001).Conclusion: The change of Ang-2 at 1 month after treatment from baseline rather than simply the Ang-2 level at baseline may be important as a biomarker of the inhibitory effect of angiogenesis by lenvatinib.
Discerning the painter’s hand: machine learning on surface topography
Authors: Ji Fang , McMaster Michael , Schwab Samuel , Singh Gundeep , Smith Lauryn Nicole , Adhikari Shishir , O'Dwyer Marcio , Sayed Farah , Ingrisano Tony , Yoder Dean , Bolman Elizabeth , Martin Ina , Hinczewski Michael , Singer Kenneth D.
Published: August 2021

Attribution of paintings is a critical problem in art history. This study extends machine learning analysis to surface topography of painted works. A controlled study of positive attribution was designed with paintings produced by a class of art students. The paintings were scanned using a confocal optical profilometer to produce surface data. The surface data were divided into virtual patches and used to train an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for attribution. Over a range of patch sizes from 0.5 to 60 mm, the resulting attribution was found to be 60 to 96% accurate, and, when comparing regions of different color, was nearly twice as accurate as CNNs using color images of the paintings. Remarkably, short length scales, as small as twice a bristle diameter, were the key to reliably distinguishing among artists. These results show promise for real-world attribution, particularly in the case of workshop practice.
A Hybrid Classification Method of Medical Image Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Yulong , Liao Xiaofeng , Qiao Dewen , Wu Jiahui
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of modern medical science and technology, medical image classification has become a more and more challenging problem. However, in most traditional classification methods, image feature extraction is difficult, and the accuracy of classifier needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-accuracy medical image classification method based on deep learning, which is called hybrid CQ-SVM. Specifically, we combine the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), and integrate the novel hybrid model. In our scheme, quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO) is adopted to set its parameters automatically for solving the SVM parameter setting problem, CNN works as a trainable feature extractor and SVM optimized by QPSO performs as a trainable classifier. This method can automatically extract features from original medical images and generate predictions. The experimental results show that this method can extract better medical image features, and achieve higher classification accuracy.
Mathematical Modelling of Bifacial Dual SIS Solar Cell and Optimization of Tilt Angle
Authors: Dasgupta Kaustuv , Mondal Anup , Gangopadhyay Utpal
Published: August 2021

The major challenge of PV cell design and installation has always been to find the optimum cost per energy and area of installation of solar panels. In densely populated and high-yielding agricultural country like India land acquisition is becoming an issue. Moreover the consisting demand to deduce the cost per energy indulges the worldwide scientists to design more efficient solar cells with low production cost. In developing countries scientists and engineers are trying to find an amicable solution to meet up these problems. In this paper the mathematical modelling of a dual SIS bifacial vertically mounted solar panel has been proposed to mitigate the energy and land area crisis in countries of Indian subcontinent, south Asia and elsewhere. The SIS (Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor) technology was chosen for its extremely low thermal budget and less complicated production procedure. A bifacial solar cell with SIS junction in both sides was modelled. The front surface SIS junction was considered ZnO-SiO2-Si(p-type) while the back surface junction was considered Si(p type)-Al2O3-SnO. The efficiency for front and back surface was calculated as 5.64% and 5.58% respectively. We have further considered the effect of albedo from two different surfaces (soil and concrete) and the efficiencies of front and back surface for these albedo radiations. The angle of installation was optimized for both these effects. Considering both direct and albedo the all-day efficiency was calculated as 22.47% for a sunny day tropical region.
An immune-associated gene prognostic index risk model for stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xue Weijie , Dong Bingzi , Wang Yixiu , Xie Yuwei , Xue Qingkai , Gong Zhiqi , Zhu Chengzhan , Niu Zhaojian
Published: August 2021

Background

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. In this study, we attempt to construct a valid immune-associated gene prognostic index risk model which could predict the survival of HCC patients and the efficacy of immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) treatment.
Methods

The transcriptome, clinical and gene mutational data were obtained from the TCGA database. And immune-related genes were downloaded from the ImmPort and InnateDB databases. Functional and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the potential molecular function and mechanism of these differentially expressed immune-associated genes. And then candidates genes related to overall survival (OS) of STAD was obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, the immune prognostic risk model was constructed via multivariate Cox regression analysis and verified with GEO STAD cohort. Afterwards, the association between the risk model and the immune characteristics and was estimated. Finally, the correlation between the risk model and efficacy of ICIs therapy.
Results

A total of 493 immune-related genes were identified to enriched in function associated to immune response as well as in immune and tumor-related pathways. Based on the cox regression analysis, we constructed an immune-associated gene prognostic index (IAGPI) risk model based on 8 genes (RNASE2, CGB5, INHBE, PTGER3, CTLA4, DUSP1, APOA1 and CD36). Patients were divided into two subsets according to risk score. Patients in low risk set had a better OS than those in high. In the low risk set, there were more CD8 T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, follicular helper T cells and M1 macrophages, while monocytes, M2 macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils were more plentiful in the high. And patients in the low risk set were more sensitive to ICIs therapy.
Conclusion

The IAGPI risk model can precisely predict prognosis, reflect tumor immune microenvironment and predict the efficacy of ICIs therapy in STAD patients.
Displaced Drude peak and bad metal from the interaction with slow fluctuations.
Authors: Fratini Simone , Ciuchi Sergio
Published: August 2021

Scattering by slowly fluctuating degrees of freedom can cause a transient localization of the current-carrying electrons in metals, driving the system away from normal metallic behavior. We illustrate and characterize this general phenomenon by studying how signatures of localization emerge in the optical conductivity of electrons interacting with slow bosonic fluctuations. The buildup of quantum localization corrections manifests itself in the emergence of a displaced Drude peak (DDP), whose existence strongly alters the low frequency optical response and suppresses the d.c. conductivity. We find that for sufficiently strong interactions, many-body renormalization of the fluctuating field induced at
metallic densities
enhances electron localization and the ensuing DDP phenomenon
in comparison with the well-studied low concentration limit. Our results are compatible with the frequent observation of DDPs in electronic systems where slowly fluctuating degrees of freedom couple significantly to the charge carriers.
KÖL TİGİN VE BİLGE KAĞAN YAZITLARINDAKİ başlıgıg yüküntür- tizligig sökür- İBARESİ HAKKINDA
Authors: AĞCA Ferruh
Published: August 2021

Türkoloji tarihinde tarihsel Türk dili ile ilgili araştırmalar daha çok fonoloji ve morfoloji alanlarında yoğunlaşmış, semantik ile ilgili pek çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bilhassa Türk dilinin ilk yazılı metinlerini tanıkladığımız Eski Türkçe dönemi ile ilgili semantik çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Ne var ki Türk runik harfli yazıtlar ile Uygurlardan kalan Maniheist ve Budist metinlerde sözcüklerin, sözcük öbeklerinin ya da kalıp sözlerin ve sentaktik dizgelerin ifade ettiği anlam çeşitliliği, bu döneme ait metinlerin semantik açıdan da incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Zira bilhassa sözcüklerin ve kalıp sözlerin ifade ettiği anlam, sözcüklerin ilk ortaya çıktıkları ya da oluştukları anlamdan uzaklaşmış, kavram alanlarına uygun yeni anlamlar kazanmıştır. Türk dilinde sözcüklerin kaynak anlamlarından hedef anlamlara hangi semantik yollarla ulaştığını izleyip mecaz ve metafor haritasını belirlemek, Türk dilinin bir taraftan semantik araştırmalarına katkı sağlayacak, bir taraftan da bu yollarla yeni sözcük yaratmanın esas ve usulleri belirlenecektir.

Türk runik harfli yazıtlardan Köl Tigin ve Bilge Kağan yazıtlarında geçen ve bugüne kadarki çalışmalarda büyük ölçüde başlıgıg yüküntür- tizligig sökür- ya da sırası değişmiş haliyle tizligig sökür- başlıgıg yüküntür- şeklinde okunan kalıp sözler ile tam olarak hangi anlamın kastedildiği hususunda farklı anlamlandırmalar söz konusudur. Çalışmaların birçoğunda özellikle başlıg ve tizlig sözcükleri kaynak anlamları ile anlaşılmış; buna karşılık kaynak anlamlarından farklı anlamlandırmalar ise Türk dilinde baş ve tiz beden adlarının metaforik haritasından bağımsız olarak yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, Köl Tigin ve Bilge Kağan yazıtlarındaki ilgili ibare, baş ve tiz sözcüklerinin tarihsel Türk yazı dillerindeki tanıklarından ve Teŋrici çevredeki başlıg ve tizlig şekillerinin bağlamından hareketle yeniden yorumlanmış, sözcüklerin tarihsel Türk dili alanlarındaki kaynak-hedef anlamları metaforik olarak haritalanmıştır.
DEDE KORKUT KİTABI’NDA SÖYLEMSEL OLUMSUZLUK
Authors: SEÇKİN Pelin
Published: August 2021

Dilin sosyal olgu olması genelde toplumun özelde bireyin varlığını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Toplum ve bireyin yaşantısıyla şekillenen zihin, dil aracılığıyla ifade bulur. Ortaya çıkan dil birliklerinin seçimi gibi oluşturulan bağlam çerçevesinde sunulan anlam da zihnin üretimidir. Dolayısıyla bir algı süreci içeren olumsuzluk, ortak bir duygu değeri olabileceği gibi bireyin yaşamıyla da desteklenebilen ve değişebilen bir kategoridir. Dil bir uzlaşım sistemidir, bu sistem içinde birey yaşadıklarından hareketle söylemini yaratır ve temelde bunu yaparken çeşitli işaretleyiciler kullanabileceği gibi herhangi bir işaretleyici kullanmadan da odak noktasını görünenin ardına çekerek sezdirimde bulunabilir. Bu süreçte sözcük ve söz öbekleri yüzey yapıda yer alıp anlam taşıyıcısı olarak işlev görmektedir. Cümlelerin yüzey yapısıyla dilsel ürünlerin haricinde konuşurun/anlatıcının ifadeye kattığı dil dışı durumlar ise ifadenin söylemini oluşturmaktadır. Söylemi oluşturan edimsel süreçte olumsuzluk kategorisi, temelde konuşurun ya da okuyucunun önermeye yüklediği anlamdır. Konuşur söylemi yaratacak çerçeveyi çizerken gönderimde bulunma, karşılaştırma, sözcük çağrışımlarından yararlanarak görünenin ardındaki olumsuzluğu sezdirme yoluna gider. Bu çalışmada olumsuzluk külliyatını ortaya koymaktan ziyade olumsuzluğun kullanıma dayalı, dil bilgisel değil dilsel bir kategori olduğuna dikkat çekilmek istendiğinden Dede Korkut’tan alınan sınırlı sayıda söylemsel olumsuzluk örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Dede Korkut’ta olumsuzluk taşıyan dil birliklerinin söylem açısından değerlendirilmesiyle standart olumsuzluk işaretleyicisi olmadan da olumsuzlama stratejileriyle olumsuzluğun yansıtılabileceği ortaya konulmaktadır.
NİHÂLÎ İBRÂHÎM İBN SÜLEYMÂN HALÎFE VE MİR’ÂTÜ’L-‘UKALÂ ADLI ESERİ
Authors: ALTUNMERAL Mehmet , YAZICI Mehmet Yunus , BAHAR Hayrettin
Published: August 2021

Ahlak; insandaki iyi ve kötü huyların, yaratılış özelliklerinin, faziletlerin tümü için ortak kullanılan bir isimdir. Bu konu din, felsefe, mantık, siyaset vb. alanlarda olduğu gibi edebiyat alanında da işlenmiştir. Pend-nâme, siyaset-nâme, nasihat-nâme gibi edebî türlerle hikemî şiirler ahlak merkezinde oluşturulmuştur. Bunun yanında Ahlâk-ı Alâ’î, Ahlâk-ı Muhsinî, Mir’âtül-Ahlâk gibi önemli eserler edebiyat tarihimizde yerini almıştır. Nihâlî İbrâhîm ibn Süleymân Halîfe tarafından hicrî 1213 (m. 1798/1799) yılında kaleme alınan Mir’âtü’l-‘Ukalâ adlı eser de bunlardan biridir. Tıp ilmiyle ilgilenen ve bir müddet Mekke ve Medîne’de evrak memurluğu yapan Nihâlî, eserini Sultan III. Selim’in tahtta bulunduğu dönemde tamamlanmıştır.

Makalenin giriş bölümünde ahlak ve ahlak ile ilişkili ilimler hakkında durulmuştur. Bunun yanında ahlak disiplini ile ilgili eser veren müellifler ve eserleri zikredilmiştir. Girişten sonra biyografik ve bibliyografik kaynaklar ışığında Nihâlî’nin hayatı hakkında yazılanlar tartışılmış ve kendi eserlerinden hareketle müellifin hayatı kaleme alınmıştır. Ardından ona ait eserlerin tanıtımına, Mir’âtü’l-‘Ukalâ’nın muhteva ve üslup açısından incelemesine yer verilmiştir. Çok yönlü bir şahsiyet olan Nihâlî’nin yararlandığı kaynaklar, oluşturduğu tertip ve üzerinde durduğu kavramlar hakkında incelemede bulunulmuştur. Son olarak da eserin ulaşabildiğimiz dokuz nüshasının katalog bilgilerine yer verilerek yazmaların nüsha tavsifi yapılmıştır
ŞÜKRÜ KAYA'NIN DOĞU VE GÜNEY VİLAYETLERİ GEZİSİ VE SONUÇLARI
Authors: KÖSE Resul
Published: August 2021

Şükrü Kaya, 1927 yılından 1938 yılı sonuna kadar Dâhiliye Vekilliği görevinde bulunmuş ve çok önemli işlere imza atmıştır. Bu çalışmada Şükrü Kaya'nın 1931 yılında gerçekleştirdiği Doğu ve Güney vilayetleri gezisi ve sonuçları işlenmiştir. Gezi sonrasında hazırlanan Dersim ve Kaçakçılık raporları Hükümet tarafından ciddiyetle ele alınmış ve raporlardaki öneriler hemen uygulama safhasına konulmuştur. Raporlardaki öneriler doğrultusunda 1935 yılında Tunceli ıslahat programı başlatıldı. 1918 sayılı Kaçakçılık Kanunu çıkarıldı. Şükrü Kaya, Dâhiliye Vekilliği görevi boyunca bu ıslahat programı ve kaçakçılık meselesinin takipçisi olmuştur. Şükrü Kaya, programın başarıyla sürdürülmesi ve kaçakçılığın o dönem azalmasında çok etkili olmuştur. Çalışmada arşiv belgeleri, dönemin gazeteleri ve diğer kaynaklardan istifade edilmiştir.
«ЖАЗУ ТІЛІ» - ТАРИХҚА ДЕЙІНГІ АДАМЗАТ ТАРИХЫН ЗЕРТТЕУГЕ СЕРПІН
Authors: SATBAI Tastanbek , ILYASSOVA Kulpash
Published: August 2021

1975 жылы Алматы қаласында жарыққа шыққан ақын, ғалым және қоғам қайраткері Олжас Сүлейменовтің «Аз и Я» кітабы ресейлік және советтік тарих ғылымында ғасырлар бойы қалыптасқан стереотиптерге қарсы бағытталып, ресми кеңестік ғылым жетекшілері оны пантүркішілдігі үшін кінәлаған еді. Осы кітаптың жалғасы іспеттес автордың «Жазу тілі» («Язык письма») кітабы 1998-жылы Қазақстан егемендік алған жаңа тарихи және саяси жағдайларда жарыққа шықты. О.Сүлейменов бұл еңбегінде өзінің тарихқа деген соны концепциясын аяқтайды, әлемдік тарих пен тілтану ғылымында қалыптасқан «үндіеуропеистиканың» негізгі қағидаларына қарсы шығады. Мақалада О.Сүлейменовтің тілдің түп-төркінін ашуға бағытталған «ядролық лингвистикасы» мен үндіеуропеистиканың негізін құрайтын Фердинанд де Соссюрдің тілтанудағы тұжырымдамалары салыстырыла қарастырылады.

Автордың тарихқа дейінгі адамзат қоғамын зерттеудің кейбір аспектілеріне қатысты пікірлері де фундаментальдық сипатта. Сондай-ақ, адамзаттың алғашқы тасқа қашалған жазуларындағы таңбалар әлемін түсіндіруі де сонылығымен көзге түседі. Айталық, О.Сүлейменовтің неандерталь адамдары мен Homo sapiens – саналы адамдарының алғашқы діни түсініктеріне қатысты пікірлері қазіргі зерттеушілердің назарын аударуға тиіс. Зерттеуші неандерталь адамдар Айға табынушылар еді, ал саналы адамдар Күнге табынушылар болғанын жеткізеді. Олардың арасындағы қантөгіс қақтығыстар жаңа заманғы діни соғыстардан кем болған жоқ дей отырып, неандерталь адамдарының тарихи сахнадан кетуінің себептерінің кейбір аспектілерін қарастыруы назар аударады. Орасан зор тарихқа дейінгі материалдарды ой елегінен өткізе отырып, автор алғашқы географиялық ашулардың тарихқа дейінгі бағыттарына қатысты ғылыми негізді болжам айтады. «Шығыс-Батыс» дихотомиясының өркениет дәуіріндегі даму сатысында емес, тарихқа дейінгі қоғамда пайда болғанын дәлелдейді.
Batch test to evaluate microbial disinfectant decay and the onset of nitrification
Authors: Scott Daniel B. , Van Dyke Michele I. , Anderson William B. , King Patrick W. , Huck Peter M.
Published: August 2021

A batch test procedure was investigated to provide insight into the microbial contribution to disinfectant decay in drinking water distribution systems using chloramines. A modified method for determining the critical threshold residual (CTR), the intersection point on a semi-log plot between first-order total chlorine fitted decay curves before and after the breakpoint, was developed. Unlike the CTR as originally defined, initial sample conditions were retained rather than artificially raising the monochloramine concentrations. The CTR calculated with this modified method can more easily be applied to distribution system scenarios. In addition, four types of decay curves were identified and could distinguish differences in the microbial contribution to disinfectant residual decay. This study revealed that chloramine decay batch tests should be evaluated based on decay curve type, decay rates, and the CTR value, in addition to the microbial decay factor, which has been used alone in previous studies. The batch test approach and evaluation criteria established here can be used to predict conditions favorable for rapid chloramine decay and nitrification, and that monitoring and control strategies should be implemented.
Application of fuzzy logic in river water quality modelling for analysis of industrialization and climate change impact on Sabarmati river
Authors: Patel Anant , Chitnis Karishma
Published: August 2021

Rivers are critical to human life because they are strategically significant in the world, providing primary water supplies for various purposes. Rivers are the prime importance of any country as most of the cities are settled near the river. Due to developmental activities and increase in population, it will result in huge waste generation. Surface water quality is affected because of increasing urbanization and industrialization. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of climate change and industrialization on the water quality of the Sabarmati river using a mathematical model. For this study, four important towns along the lower Sabarmati River have been considered and water quality data was considered from 2005 to 2015. In this study, different water quality parameters were considered to derive a water quality model. Results show the water quality downstream after Ahmedabad city is worse compared to the other location where the Maximum WQI is 0.71 at Rasikapur and average WQI is 0.50 for the same location for the last 15 years. It has been observed that the effect of the monsoon and also by comparing time scale water quality model the role of regulations for industrialization also plays an important role in the quality of Sabarmati river.
Analysis and calculation of sediment scouring rate at different locations of storm sewer
Authors: Liu Cuiyun , Lv Wenke , Liu Qi , Zhou Jie , Wang Yiyang , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhou Jun
Published: August 2021

To explore the migration differences of sediments at the front, middle, and end sections of a storm sewer when scoured by water, and further evaluate the pollution load, the scouring process of sediments at different locations of a storm sewer was simulated and mathematical models were built to calculate the scouring rate. Results show that scouring rate is affected by sediment particle size, pipeline slope, sediment thickness, and water flow velocity. As the slope increased, scouring rate at the end section increased more obviously. The scouring rate at the front section slightly decreased with increasing sediment thickness, but opposite trends were observed at the middle and end sections. When the particle size (0.33 mm–0.83 mm) and flow velocity (0.15 m/s–0.65 m/s) increased within their ranges, scouring rate increased across all three locations. Models for calculating scouring rate were established via two data fitting. The calculated values were compared with measured values at a scouring time of 1 min. Under different particle sizes, the difference between the calculated and measured values at front, middle, and end sections were in the ranges of −0.63% to 0.63%, −0.01% to 0.02%, and −0.13% to 0.16%, respectively, all of which showed good consistency.
Educação básica em Moçambique
Authors: Bene Leonel Elias , Garcia Fabiane Maia
Published: August 2021

Este artigo examina os desdobramentos da política de democratização do acesso à educação básica e a contextualiza analisando suas possibilidades futuras. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental. Quanto a abordagem é qualitativa. Das análises feitas percebe-se que apesar de um início tardio da democratização do acesso à educação (com a independência nacional), dos efeitos catastróficos da guerra e calamidades naturais que afetaram grandemente o país na década de 1980-90, os resultados da pesquisa indicam que ao longo dos tempos o acesso melhorou significativamente, tanto em termos de infraestruturas educacionais, quanto nas oportunidades de acesso. Constata-se que a aprovação da atual lei (Lei n.º 18/2018, de 28 de dezembro) possibilita ganhos significativos relativamente ao período de escolarização pois,  prevê uma obrigatoriedade de 9 anos contra os 7 previstos nas anteriores leis do Sistema Nacional de Educação o que trará melhorias no tempo de permanência na escola.
Texto livre, trabalho colaborativo e imprensa escolar na Pedagogia Freinet
Authors: Dallabrida Norberto , Furtado Denise
Published: August 2021

Em que medida as práticas de ensino desenvolvidas por Célestin Freinet, podem facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de forma inovadora? Há atualidade na abordagem da Pedagogia Freinet e em suas formas de ensinar? Buscando refletir sobre essas questões, o presente artigo trata de discorrer sobre três práticas, consideradas fundamentais, para que seja possível entender a Pedagogia Freinet e sua essência, sendo elas: o texto livre, o trabalho colaborativo e o jornal escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir do método bibliográfico, baseada em livros, artigos e revistas sobre o tema abordado. Freinet traz consigo um ideal de educação, que reflete seu ideal de sociedade, seus princípios e valores enquanto pensador e enquanto docente. Dessa forma, traremos argumentos e autores que busquem comprovar as implicações positivas das práticas de Freinet para o ensino, e a atualidade desses métodos para a construção de uma prática docente significativa e democrática.
FISIOTERAPIA E SOCIEDADE
Authors: Costa de Oliveira Rayssa Alves , Bonini-Rocha Ana Clara , Oliveira Lucas Alves , Luciano Rezende Alanna Maria , Sousa Godoi Vittor Michel
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi extrair os principais resultados encontrados em duas monografias de trabalho de conclusão do curso de fisioterapia desenvolvidos na UnB que se dedicaram a realizar uma ampla busca em websites de Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas e privadas, redes sociais e bases de dados científicos sobre extensão universitária na região do centro-oeste, e apresentá-los em formato de artigo científico. Escolheu-se para discutir as três principais atividades encontradas: Projetos de Extensão de Ação Contínua, Eventos e Ligas Acadêmicas (LA). Os Projetos apresentaram ações pontuais na realidade caracterizados como Eventos, e as Ligas Acadêmicas estavam vinculadas a instituições de ensino privadas, a maioria em Goiás, mas também no Distrito Federal e Mato Grosso do Sul.
PROJETO LUTAS NA ESCOLA: APRENDENDO SOBRE E COM AS ARTES MARCIAIS
Authors: Ferreira Silva Bruno , Ramon Stafin Coquerel Patrick
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência vivenciado durante um estágio obrigatório supervisionado da graduação em Educação Física no ano de 2017. O estágio foi realizado na Escola Municipal Laura Maia, localizada na cidade de Natal-RN. A experiência relatada tem dois objetivos centrais: uma principal de proporcionar aos alunos uma atividade extracurricular com o conteúdo Lutas; e a outra diz respeito a possibilidade de organização de projeto de extensão durante a graduação. O trabalho desenvolvido na escola foi possível devido a proatividade e criatividade do estudante que realizava o estágio na escola, pois a escola precisava de um projeto envolvendo o Judô especificamente. Contudo, pensando na possibilidade de mais conhecimento sobre vários tipos de Lutas o projeto sugerido pelo estagiário foi o de envolver 4 tipos de Lutas: Capoeira, Judô, Muai Thay e Taekwondo.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Educação Física, Lutas, Projeto de Extensão.
Assessment of the Quality Management System for Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu: Survey Study
Authors: Wang Jin , Pan Chen , Ma Xianghua
Published: August 2021

Background

An electronic system that automatically collects medical information can realize timely monitoring of patient health and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of medical treatment. To our knowledge, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical service quality assessment has been minimally evaluated, especially for clinical nutrition departments in China. From the perspective of medical ethics, patient safety comes before any other factors within health science, and this responsibility belongs to the quality management system (QMS) within medical institutions.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the QMS for clinical nutrition in Jiangsu, monitor its performance in quality assessment and human resource management from a nutrition aspect, and investigate the application and development of AI in medical quality control.

Methods

The participants for this study were the staff of 70 clinical nutrition departments of the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. These departments are all members of the Quality Management System of Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu (QMSNJ). An online survey was conducted on all 341 employees within all clinical nutrition departments based on the staff information from the surveyed medical institutions. The questionnaire contains five sections, and the data analysis and AI evaluation were focused on human resource information.

Results

A total of 330 questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 96.77% (330/341). A QMS for clinical nutrition was built for clinical nutrition departments in Jiangsu and achieved its target of human resource improvements, especially among dietitians. The growing number of participating departments (an increase of 42.8% from 2018 to 2020) and the significant growth of dietitians (t93.4=–0.42; P=.02) both show the advancements of the QMSNJ.

Conclusions

As the first innovation of an online platform for quality management in Jiangsu, the Jiangsu Province Clinical Nutrition Management Platform was successfully implemented as a QMS for this study. This multidimensional electronic system can help the QMSNJ and clinical nutrition departments achieve quality assessment from various aspects so as to realize the continuous improvement of clinical nutrition. The use of an online platform and AI technology for quality assessment is worth recommending and promoting in the future.
Short-Term Event Prediction in the Operating Room (STEP-OP) of Five-Minute Intraoperative Hypotension Using Hybrid Deep Learning: Retrospective Observational Study and Model Development
Authors: Choe Sooho , Park Eunjeong , Shin Wooseok , Koo Bonah , Shin Dongjin , Jung Chulwoo , Lee Hyungchul , Kim Jeongmin
Published: August 2021

Background

Intraoperative hypotension has an adverse impact on postoperative outcomes. However, it is difficult to predict and treat intraoperative hypotension in advance according to individual clinical parameters.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model to forecast 5-minute intraoperative hypotension based on the weighted average ensemble of individual neural networks, utilizing the biosignals recorded during noncardiac surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, arterial waveforms were recorded during noncardiac operations performed between August 2016 and December 2019, at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. We analyzed the arterial waveforms from the big data in the VitalDB repository of electronic health records. We defined 2s hypotension as the moving average of arterial pressure under 65 mmHg for 2 seconds, and intraoperative hypotensive events were defined when the 2s hypotension lasted for at least 60 seconds. We developed an artificial intelligence–enabled process, named short-term event prediction in the operating room (STEP-OP), for predicting short-term intraoperative hypotension.

Results

The study was performed on 18,813 subjects undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Deep-learning algorithms (convolutional neural network [CNN] and recurrent neural network [RNN]) using raw waveforms as input showed greater area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) scores (0.698, 95% CI 0.690-0.705 and 0.706, 95% CI 0.698-0.715, respectively) than that of the logistic regression algorithm (0.673, 95% CI 0.665-0.682). STEP-OP performed better and had greater AUPRC values than those of the RNN and CNN algorithms (0.716, 95% CI 0.708-0.723).

Conclusions

We developed STEP-OP as a weighted average of deep-learning models. STEP-OP predicts intraoperative hypotension more accurately than the CNN, RNN, and logistic regression models.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02914444; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02914444.
Patient and Health Professional Perceptions of Telemonitoring for Hypertension Management: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Baratta Juliana , Brown-Johnson Cati , Safaeinili Nadia , Goldman Rosas Lisa , Palaniappan Latha , Winget Marcy , Mahoney Megan
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is the most prevalent and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting nearly 50% of the US adult population; however, only 30% of these patients achieve controlled blood pressure (BP). Incorporating strategies into primary care that take into consideration individual patient needs, such as remote BP monitoring, may improve hypertension management.

OBJECTIVE

From March 2018 to December 2018, Stanford implemented a precision health pilot called Humanwide, which aimed to leverage high-technology and high-touch medicine to tailor individualized care for conditions such as hypertension. We examined multi-stakeholder perceptions of hypertension management in Humanwide to evaluate the program’s acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and sustainability.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 patients and 15 health professionals to assess their experiences with hypertension management in Humanwide. We transcribed and analyzed the interviews using a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive analysis to identify common themes around hypertension management and consensus methods to ensure reliability and validity.

RESULTS

A total of 63% (10/16) of the patients and 40% (6/15) of the health professionals mentioned hypertension in the context of Humanwide. These participants reported that remote BP monitoring improved motivation, BP control, and overall clinic efficiency. The health professionals discussed feasibility challenges, including the time needed to analyze BP data and provide individualized feedback, integration of BP data, technological difficulties with the BP cuff, and decreased patient use of remote BP monitoring over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Remote BP monitoring for hypertension management in Humanwide was acceptable to patients and health professionals and appropriate for care. Important challenges need to be addressed to improve the feasibility and sustainability of this approach by leveraging team-based care, engaging patients to sustain remote BP monitoring, standardizing electronic medical record integration of BP measurements, and finding more user-friendly BP cuffs.
Konzeptevaluierung der Initiative TECXPORT
Authors:   inspire research GmbH, Geyer Anton
Published: August 2021

Das Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) startete im Jahr 2017 die Initiative TECXPORT zur Unterstützung des Technologietransfers und des Technologieexports der österreichischen Wirtschaft. Mit der operativen Durchführung der Initiative hat das BMK die Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (FFG) beauftragt. In Vorbereitung und Begleitung der TECXPORT-Initiative hatte das BMK Studien in Auftrag gegeben, um die volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte des Technologie-Exports zu ermitteln. Diese Studien bestätigten den substanziellen Beitrag technologieexportierender österreichischer Unternehmen am Gesamtexportumsatz, wobei gleichzeitig nach wie vor Nachholbedarf im EU-Vergleich konstatiert wurde.
Comparative effectiveness analysis between entrectinib clinical trial and crizotinib real-world data inROS1+ NSCLC
Authors: Doebele Robert C , Perez Laura , Trinh Huong , Martinec Michael , Martina Reynaldo , Riehl Todd , Krebs Matthew G , Meropol Neal J , Wong William B , Crane Gracy
Published: August 2021

Aim:Generating direct comparative evidence in prospective randomized trials is difficult for rare diseases. Real-world cohorts may supplement control populations.Methods:Entrectinib-treated adults with advancedROS1fusion-positive NSCLC (n = 94) from Phase I/II trials (ALKA-372-001 [EudraCT2012-00148-88], STARTRK-1 [NCT02097810], and STARTRK-2 [NCT02568267]) were compared with a real-world crizotinib-treated cohort (n = 65). Primary end point, time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD); secondary end points, PFS and OS.Results:Median (95% CI) weighted TTD: 12.9 (9.9–17.4) months for entrectinib; 8.2 (6.2–9.9) months for crizotinib (weighted hazard ratio: 0.72 [0.51–1.02]). Median OS with entrectinib was not reached, weighted median OS with crizotinib was 18.5 (15.1–47.2) months.Conclusion:Entrectinib administered in clinical trials may be associated with longer TTD than a real-world crizotinib population.
ON ILI ONA VOJNIK? OSVRT NA RODNU OSETLJIVOST JEZIKA U SEKTORU BEZBEDNOSTI
Authors: Topalovic Milica
Published: August 2021

Sektor bezbednosti često se posmatra kao tradicionalno muška sfera, državocentrično polje u kojem nije bilo prostora za učešćem žena, a još manje prostora za diskusije o rodu, rodnim identitetima i diskriminaciji. Rodno osetljiv jezik, kakav je srpski, jedan je od osnovnih instrumenata i indikatora o prisustvu žena i, generalno, rodnih perspektiva u društvu. Želja za potpunom ravnopravnošću polova u sektoru bezbednosti usko je povezana sa promenom društvenih praksi, ali i sa senzibilisanjem jezika po pitanju činova i profesija koje obavljaju žene. Cilj rada je da, na primerima naziva činova Vojske Srbije, pokaže zašto je bitno negovati rodno osetljiv jezik u tradicionalno muškim profesijama, kao i objasniti zašto javne politike i legislativa već duži vremenski period ne uspevaju da sankcionišu seksizam i diskriminaciju u javnom diskursu.
RAT I MEDIJI – POVEZANOST, USLOVLJENOST I EVOLUCIJA FENOMENA
Authors: Mitrovic Miroslav , Peric Nenad
Published: August 2021

U radu je, sa osloncem na analizu literature, sintetizovan pregled razvoja fizionomije uticaja medija na stanovništvo u pogledu odnosa prema oružanim sukobima, konkretnije ratovanju. Praćenje uzajamne veze medija i rata radu oslanja se na nekoliko ključnih momenta u istoriji oba fenomena, započinje sa Francuskom revolucijom a završava sa Prvim zalivskim ratom. Rad prikazuje sadržajne, organizacione i narmativne promene, sa osvrtima na ključne političke i sociološke fenomene koji su uticali na evoluciju medija u odnosu na rat. Rad se sadržajno i analitički zaustavlja na početku devedesetih godina prošlog veka, kao prekretnici savremenih evolutivnih procesa kako rata, tako i medija. Rad teži da doprinese razumevanju uslovljenosti medija i ratovanja, kao i identifikaciji određenih univerzalnih aspekata koji su rezultat istorijkog razvoja oba pojma, posebno sa aspekta aktuelnih dešavanja u savremenom društvu.
SUKOBI U INFORMACIONOM PROSTORU IZ UGLA SAVREMENE VOJNE MISLI U RUSKOJ FEDERACIJI – ISKUSTVA ZA BEZBEDNOST REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Authors: Miljkovic Milan , Jevtic Dragan
Published: August 2021

Savremene države, usled masovne primene informacione tehnologije u oblasti komunikacija, suočavaju se sa problemom efikasne kontrole i zaštite nacionalne informacione sfere, a samim tim i nacionalne bezbednosti. Informacije se od davnina koriste u manipulative svrhe i kao sredstvo za vođenje sukoba, a savremeno informaciono doba je samo dodatno aktuelizovalo informacioni prostor kao borbeni prostor savremenog globalnog društva. Aktuelizovana je upotreba dezinformacija i lažnih vesti u okviru kocepta „hibridnog i informacionog ratovanja“, kao načina vođenja geopolitičkih sukoba između velikih sila, ali i kao sredstva uticaja i pritiska na male države. S tim u vezi, u radu je izvršena analiza teorijskog i konceptualnog pristupa bezbednosnih i vojnih teoretičara Ruske Federacije u vezi odbrane od pretnji iz informacione sfere. Rezulati analize ukazuju da je teorijski pristup Ruske Federacije u ovoj oblasti primenljiv za Republiku Srbiju koja je u svojim aktuelnim strategijskim dokumentima iz oblasti odbrane i bezbednosti naglasila potrebu da razvija sistema odbrane od pretnji iz informacionog prostora.
INSTITUCIONALNA REŠENjA ZA PREVAZILAŽENJE MEĐUNACIONALNIH TENZIJA U CRNOJ GORI
Authors: Petrovic Rajko
Published: August 2021

Crna Gora, iako spada u male države po veličini i broju stanovnika, je multinacionalna država. Pored najbrojnije crnogorske nacije, u Crnoj Gori živi značajan broj pripadnika srpske, a zatim i bošnjačke i albanske nacije. Postojeći oblik državnog uređenja Crne Gore kao unitarne republike u kome nema mesta nacionalnom (kolektivnom) principu raspodele vlasti i učešća u javnoj administraciji, već se sve svodi na građanski princip ne odražava realno stanje i potrebe svih nacija u njoj. Predmet ovog istraživanja jesu institucionalne mogućnosti za prevazilaženje postojećih međunacionalnih tenzija u Crnoj Gori. Cilj rada je da najpre objasni postojeći ustavno–politički sistem Crne Gore, zatim da analizira interese i glavne zahteve različitih nacija u njoj, te da ukaže na moguća rešenja koja bi bila prihvatljiva za sve strane, poput priznanja konstitutivnosti određenim ili svim nacijama, uvođenja dvodomne skupštine, stvaranja autonomnih pokrajina ili pak federalizacije zemlje. Rezultati ovog istraživačkog rada ukazuju na to da je Crna Gora, s obzirom na njen multinacionalni karakter, dugoročno neodrživa kao unitarna država zasnovana na isključivo građanskom principu, gde zaključujemo da iskustva sličnih zemalja predstavljaju relevantan pokazatelj da su i Crnoj Gori potrebne temeljne ustavne i institucionalne reforme. U radu ćemo se koristiti metodom studije slučaja, istorijskom metodom i metodom komparativne analize.
„KOMPLOT“ VELIKIH SILA I USTANCI 1830–TIH U BOSANSKOM EJALETU
Authors: Teinovic Bratislav
Published: August 2021

Rad ima za cilj da predstavi perfidnu ulogu Austrije u „komplotu“ velikih sila protiv ustaničkih pokreta Srba i muslimana tokom 1830–tih u Bosanskom ejaletu. Reč je o tri ustanka: muslimanskom Husein–kapetana Gradaščevića 1830–1832. protiv centralne turske vlasti, srpskom popa Jovice Ilića 1834. i ponovo muslimanskom protiv Ibrahim–bega Firdusa 1836. godine. Dva muslimanska ustanka, Gradaščevićev i anti-Firdusov Austrija nije podržala zbog dobrih odnosa sa Portom, a srpski Ilićev zato što nije tolerisala stvaranje veće srpske države na svojim južnim granicama. Ustanaka bosanskih katolika nije bilo, budući da su franjevci slepo slušali instrukcije bečke vlade u kojoj je ključnu ulogu imao šef diplomatije knez Klemens Meternih.