bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile roles of disordered transcription factor effector domains in transcriptional regulation
Authors: Datta Rhea R. , Akdogan Dilan , Tezcan Elif B. , Onal Pinar
Published: January 2025

Transcription, a crucial step in the regulation of gene expression, is tightly controlled and involves several essential processes, such as chromatin organization, recognition of the specific genomic sequences, DNA binding, and ultimately recruiting the transcriptional machinery to facilitate transcript synthesis. At the center of this regulation are transcription factors (TFs), which comprise at least one DNA‐binding domain (DBD) and an effector domain (ED). Although the structure and function of DBDs have been well studied, our knowledge of the structure and function of effector domains is limited. EDs are of particular importance in generating distinct transcriptional responses between protein members of the same TF family that have similar DBDs and specificities. The study of transcriptional activity conferred by effector domains has traditionally been conducted through examining protein–protein interactions. However, recent research has uncovered alternative mechanisms by which EDs regulate gene expression, such as the formation of condensates that increase the local concentration of transcription factors, cofactors, and coregulated genes, as well as DNA binding. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the known roles of transcription factor EDs, with a specific focus on disordered regions. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) during transcriptional regulation. We examine the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of transcriptional specificity through the structural properties of predominantly disordered EDs. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of these domains, including their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as their functional roles.
CoralBleachRisk—Global Projections of Coral Bleaching Risk in the 21st Century
Authors: Mellin Camille , Brown Stuart , Heron Scott F. , Fordham Damien A.
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Timing, duration and severity of marine heatwaves are changing rapidly in response to anthropogenic climate change, thereby increasing the frequency of coral bleaching events. Mass coral bleaching events result from cumulative heat stress, which is commonly quantified through degree heating weeks (DHW). Here we introduce CoralBleachRisk, a daily‐resolution global dataset that characterises sea surface temperatures, heat stress anomalies and the timing, duration and magnitude of severe coral bleaching conditions from the recent past (1985) to the future (2100) under three contrasting Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Our projections are downscaled to a 0.5° resolution (~50 km), bias‐corrected and validated using remotely sensed data of sea surface temperatures and a global dataset of historical coral bleaching events. An accompanying online software tool allows non‐specialist users to access aggregated metrics of coral bleaching risk and generate time series projections of coral vulnerability for Earth's coral reefs. Our dataset enables regional to global comparisons of future trends in severe coral bleaching risk.

Main Types of Variables Contained

Sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly, DHW, annual timing and duration of Bleaching Alerts.

Spatial Location

Global.

Time Period

1985–2100.

Major Taxa and Level of Measurement

Coral communities.

Software Format

Netcdf (.nc).
Colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of two large cohorts and literature review confirm poor prognosis and reveal prognostic aspects
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S , Horton Rachel K , Zhang Xuchen , Graham Rondell P , Longacre Teri A , Mehrotra Anupamjit , Allende Daniela S , McHugh Kelsey E , Shia Jinru , Westerhoff Maria , Srivastava Amitabh , Chen Wei , Vazzano Jennifer , Swanson Paul E , Chatterjee Deyali , Cheema Hassam , Ma Changqing , Mannan Rifat , Chetty Runjan , Nowak Klaudia M , Serra Stefano , Agostini‐Vulaj Diana , Kazemimood Rossana , Henn Patrick , Kakar Sanjay , Choi Won‐Tak , Adeyi Oyedele , Jenkins Sarah M , Nagtegaal Iris D
Published: January 2025

Aims

We compiled two cohorts of colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) to describe its histologic and molecular aspects using modern parameters to compare them with literature reports using meta‐analysis of cohorts and individual case series.

Methods and Results

We identified 53 colorectal ASC from 19 North American academic medical centres, in addition to national database reports on 94 Dutch cases. We analysed available clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features and patient outcome. ASC comprised 0.02% of colorectal cancers in the Dutch database. The median cohort patient ages at resection were 65 and 69 years (North American and Dutch cohorts, respectively), with a roughly equal male:female ratio. The squamous component represented between 5% and 95% of each tumour, with a median of 50%. Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were generally low (66%), and tumour budding was often Bd1 (64%). Most cases were pT3 (55%) or pT4 (40%), with nodal metastases in more than half (58%). Twenty‐three cases (43%) metastasized distantly, most commonly to the liver. Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency was identified in 34% of the cases. Follow‐up was available for 48 patients; 13 (27%) had recurrent disease and 29 (60%) died. A total of 31 patients progressed, with median time to progression of 18 months. Available data for the Dutch cohort revealed largely similar findings, as did review of cases in the literature.

Conclusion

Colorectal ASC usually presents at an advanced stage. Despite high rates of MMR deficiency and low tumour budding, TILs were generally low, and there is a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis.
Gendering the dilemmas of retirement and return among older British Bangladeshis
Authors: Miah Md Farid , Md Rasel Sheikh , King Russell
Published: January 2025

The Bangladeshi‐origin community is one of the largest, longest‐established and fastest‐growing migrant groups in the UK. For the first‐generation immigrants, retirement brings a threefold dilemma: stay put for the rest of their lives, surrounded by children and grandchildren; return to Bangladesh to enjoy a peaceful later‐life there; or adopt a to‐and‐fro transnational lifestyle. Interviews were conducted with 32 British Bangladeshis aged 60+, both in London and Sylhet (their main region of origin), with the aim of ascertaining how gender contributes to return migration theory and practice. We find, first, that most British‐Bangladeshi elders do not return. Second, return mobilities, for shorter or longer stays, are highly gendered: it is overwhelmingly men who contemplate and actualise return. Return migration is about reclaiming masculinity and meaning in old age in the home area. Some older men return seasonally, to escape the British winter. A major preoccupation of returnees is access to health services, deemed poor and expensive in Bangladesh.
Perceptions of Reincorporation: Attitudes Towards Ex‐FARC Combatants in Colombian Society
Authors: Hernández Salazar Giovanni Andrés , Gómez Roldán Ignacio , Thoene Ulf
Published: January 2025

No Latin American country is as associated with violence in the global imagination as Colombia. The objective of this research is to contribute to the study of the perceptions and attitudes of individuals who are not part of illegal armed groups towards Colombians from the ranks of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) undergoing the process of reincorporation by estimating the degree of positive or negative implicit association, as well as the words, concepts or ideas with which civil society associates individuals undergoing the process of reincorporation. Concerning the chosen methodology, this research applies the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The results show that a reincorporated individual is associated with negative feelings and words, such as corrupt, vindictive and irresponsible. In contrast, a person not linked with illegal groups is associated with positive feelings and words such as innovative. This negative association persists in citizens and entrepreneurs regardless of gender, level of schooling or age. It is recommended that the sample be expanded to other cities and regions of the country. The originality of this article lies in its focus on examining the perceptions and attitudes of individuals who are not part of illegal armed groups towards Colombians undergoing the process of reincorporation from the ranks of the FARC.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Enteral Feeding Intolerance in Critical Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Lijie , Li Jin , Hu Liting , Cai Xiaowei , Li Xiaoyan , Bai Yang
Published: January 2025

Aim

To construct and validate a prediction model for enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients during the first 7 days of enteral feeding.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of two intensive care units from January 2015 to August 2023, to develop a prediction model by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Model's performance was evaluated through discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis.

Results

This study involved a total of 471 patients, with an enteral feeding intolerance incidence rate of 35.7%. The prediction model comprised six variables, namely neurological disease, chronic gastrointestinal disease, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Assessment II score, sedatives, acid suppressants and serum albumin. The model showed robust discrimination, calibration and clinical net benefit, indicating significant potential for practical application with readily available variables.

Conclusions

The model demonstrated strong predictive performance in assessing the risk of enteral feeding intolerance during the early stage of nutrition initiation.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Enhancing clinicians' capacity to reduce the incidence of enteral feeding intolerance and improve patient outcomes.

Impact

The prediction model shows a good capacity to discriminate critically ill patients at risk of enteral feeding intolerance, is helpful to provide personalised care.

Reporting Method

TRIPOD + AI checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR2400090757
Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency
Authors: ANTILL SAMUEL , CLAYTON CHRISTOPHER
Published: January 2025

We model the optimal resolution of insolvent firms in general equilibrium. Collateral‐constrained banks lend to (i) solvent firms to finance investments and (ii) distressed firms to avoid liquidation. Liquidations create negative fire‐sale externalities. Liquidations also relieve bank balance–sheet congestion, enabling new firm loans that generate positive collateral externalities by lowering bank borrowing rates. Socially optimal interventions encourage liquidation when firms have high operating losses, high leverage, or low productivity. Surprisingly, larger fire sales promote interventions encouraging more liquidations. We study synergies between insolvency interventions and macroprudential regulation, bailouts, deferred loss recognition, and debt subordination. Our model elucidates historical crisis interventions.
Feedback Effects and Systematic Risk Exposures
Authors: BANERJEE SNEHAL , BREON‐DRISH BRADYN , SMITH KEVIN
Published: January 2025

We model the “feedback effect” of a firm's stock price on investment in projects exposed to a systematic risk factor, like climate risk. The stock price reflects information about both the project's cash flows and its discount rate. A cash‐flow‐maximizing manager treats discount rate fluctuations as “noise,” but a price‐maximizing manager interprets such variation as information about the project's net present value. This difference qualitatively changes how investment behavior varies with the project's risk exposure. Moreover, traditional objectives (e.g., cash flow or price maximization) need not maximize welfare because they do not correctly account for hedging and risk‐sharing benefits of investment.
Reactive carbonyl species function downstream of reactive oxygen species in chitosan‐induced stomatal closure
Authors: Jahan Israt , Islam Md. Moshiul , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Munemasa Shintaro , Mano Jun'ichi , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2025

An elicitor, chitosan (CHT), induces stomatal closure in plants, which is accompanied by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)‐sensitive peroxidases‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) function downstream of ROS in abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signalling in guard cells. However, the involvement of RCS in CHT‐induced stomatal closure is still unknown. In this study, we used transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana 2‐alkenal reductase (AER‐OE tobacco) and Arabidopsis wild‐type (WT) plants to investigate whether RCS is involved in CHT‐induced stomatal closure. Chitosan‐induced stomatal closure was inhibited in the tobacco AER‐OE plants. In the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, CHT‐induced stomatal closure was inhibited by RCS scavengers, carnosine and pyridoxamine. Chitosan significantly increased RCS production in the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis, but in the tobacco AER‐OE plants, chitosan did not increase significantly RCS accumulation. Moreover, neither the application of RCS scavengers to both WT plants nor scavenging RCS by AER‐OE affected the CHT‐induced ROS accumulation. However, treatment with a peroxidase inhibitor, SHAM, significantly inhibited CHT‐induced RCS accumulation in WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, these results suggest that RCS acts downstream of ROS production in CHT signalling in guard cells of A. thaliana and N. tabacum.
Union‐Cooperative Collaborations: Toward a Global Framework of Analysis
Authors: Agarwala Rina , Mori Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Union‐cooperative collaborations, which first emerged in the 18th century, have witnessed a resurgence in recent years. Across the world, they have created new jobs, safeguarded worker‐owners facing exploitation, and reinvigorated community and labor movements. By combining cooperatives' democratizing ideals of self‐reliance and social security with union ideals of empowerment and mass organization, union‐cooperative collaborations hold immense potential for social transformation. It is no wonder that union‐cooperative collaborations have sparked rich, new scholarly attention. But our understanding of these collaborations deserves more depth. Therefore, this review draws on the extant literature and the case of SEWA from India to build a more globally relevant framework that can deepen future analyses of the potential and contradictions undergirding union‐cooperative collaborations. Our framework articulates three levels of collaboration, three mechanisms through which such collaborations yield benefits, and a key condition for successful and transformational collaboration. Underlying successful collaborations is a contradiction that needs to be addressed‐‐namely the challenge to democracy that comes with scale.
Efficient estimation for the multivariate Cox model with missing covariates
Authors: Cho Youngjoo , Kim Soyoung , Ahn Kwang Woo
Published: January 2025

Missing covariates are a ubiquitous issue in data analysis. One of the widely used approaches for efficient parameter estimation is using augmentation based on the semiparametric efficiency theory. However, existing methods for right‐censored data with the Cox model did not correctly implement augmentation, which may result in inefficient parameter estimation. In this paper, we derive a correct augmentation term for the stratified proportional hazards model with missing covariates. We study the statistical properties of the estimators for known and unknown missing mechanisms. Thus, a popular study design, such as the case‐cohort study design, can be handled as a special case. Simulation studies show that our new estimators for an unknown missing mechanism and the case‐cohort study design obtain estimation efficiency gains compared with inverse probability weighted estimators. We apply our method to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study under the case‐cohort study design.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DPB1*1483:01 Allele in a Deceased Hispanic/Latino Donor
Authors: Oh Eun‐Sang , Krolik Marzanna , Skill Kelly , Islam Humayun Kamal , Putheti Prabhakar
Published: January 2025

We describe the novel HLA‐DPB1*1483:01 allele found in a deceased Hispanic/Latino male.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐A*01:478 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Moya‐Quiles María Rosa , Muro Manuel
Published: January 2025

HLA‐A*01:478, a novel HLA class I allele detected by next‐generation sequencing.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐DQB1*03:571 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Moya‐Quiles María Rosa , Muro Manuel
Published: January 2025

HLA‐DQB1*03:571 differs from HLA‐DQB1*03:09 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 170 in exon 3.
Use of Machine Learning for Estimation of Wave Added Resistance and its Application in Ship Performance Analysis
Authors: Eftekhar Seyed Faraz , Bingham Harry B. , Amini-Afshar Mostafa , Mittendorf Malte , Tripathi Harshit , Nielsen Ulrik D.
Published: January 2025

In this paper we develop a deep neural network model to estimate the wave added resistance. The required data to train the model is generated using strip-theory calculations over a wide range of hull geometries and operational conditions. The model is efficient as it only requires the ship's main particulars: length, beam, draft, block coefficient and slenderness ratio. In addition, we present an application of this model in a vessel performance framework. This will be used for predicting propulsion power and analyzing the degree of biofouling on ships from the company Ultrabulk. The study shows that the developed deep neural network model produces reliable results in predicting the added wave resistance coefficient in comparison to strip-theory calculations. Also, the developed ship propulsion and biofouling analysis display satisfactory output for monitoring hull performance under actual ship operational conditions.
Identification of a Leisure Boat's Maneuvering Model at Medium-High Speed Using Open-Sea Trial Data
Authors: Seo Ji Young , Park Hyo-Jin , Choi Hujae , Nam Bo Woo
Published: January 2025

This study employs system identification techniques to develop a maneuvering model for a leisure boat operating at medium-high speeds, using data from open-sea trials. Based on the Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG) framework, the maneuvering model for the leisure boat is modularized into hull and propeller–rudder components and optimized to improve the accuracy of ship motion predictions. For the hull force model, various candidate terms, consisting of polynomial expressions of ship velocities, were grouped based on similar physical features and fully searched to identify the optimal hull force model with the highest prediction performance for ship motion. Similarly, for the propeller–rudder force model, various coupling terms accounting for interactions within the propulsion system were included as candidate terms and evaluated to determine the optimal propeller–rudder force model suitable for the leisure boat. This study compared the accuracy of predicted ship motions using the identified and conventional maneuvering models, confirming that the identified maneuvering model provides improved prediction performance. The limitations of the traditional maneuvering models, which are primarily designed for larger vessels, and the unique dynamic characteristics of leisure boats are also discussed.
Changes in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Their Associations With Psychological Distress: An Occupational Cohort Study
Authors: Päivärinne Ville , Lahti Jouni , Salmela Jatta , Kouvonen Anne , Lallukka Tea , Rahkonen Ossi
Published: January 2025

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with mental ill-health. We examined changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary time, and their associations with psychological distress in an occupational cohort. Methods: We used phase 1 survey data, collected among the employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, aged 19–39 years in 2017, and phase 2 follow-up survey from 2022 (n = 1914 participants, 75% women). A 4-category variable (High→High, Low→High, High→Low, and Low→Low) was constructed for both LTPA and sedentary time to reflect the change over time. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to measure psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, working conditions, health-related factors, and physician-diagnosed mental disorders at phase 1. Results: Repeated low LTPA was associated with anxiety (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.44–2.85), depressive (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22–2.36), and stress (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.58–3.12) symptoms after adjusting for gender and age, compared with repeated high LTPA. The associations remained after full adjustments in anxiety (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08–2.30) and stress (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.32–2.78) symptoms. Additionally, a change from high to low LTPA was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.04) symptoms after full adjustments. Conclusion: Repeated low levels of LTPA are associated with anxiety and stress symptoms. No consistent associations between sitting time and psychological distress could be confirmed. Considering the increasing levels of psychological distress in recent years, particularly among younger adults, it is essential to explore effective countermeasures through large interventions or prospective study designs.
Persian Version of the Modified Constant Score in Overhead Athletes: A Reliability and Validation Study
Authors: Jafari Fariba , Abbasi Leila , Motealleh Alireza
Published: January 2025

Context: Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is the most common shoulder injury among overhead athletes. The Constant score (CS) is a combined scoring system to evaluate functional status of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pain. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Cultural adaptation of the Persian version of CS was conducted using Beaton’s guideline. Sixty-three overhead athletes (23.57 [7.50] y old) with SIS completed the final version for psychometric assessment. After 5 to 7 days, a group of 33 patients completed the Persian CS again to assess test—retest reliability. Internal consistency, floor/ceiling effects, and item-total correlation were evaluated in patients with SIS. Concurrent validity was assessed through comparison with the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores. Twenty-five healthy athletes (31.80 [7.32] y old) participated for determining discriminant validity. Results: The Persian CS demonstrated good test–retest reliability, with subjective and objective intraclass correlation coefficients of .79 and .80, respectively. The internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach alpha = .74). No ceiling or floor effects were noted. The Pearson correlation coefficient between CS and disability questionnaire was −.68. The mean total score for patients was 67.02, while for the healthy group was 96.99 (P = .000). The standard error of measurement was 1.51 for patients and 0.7 for healthy group. The smallest detectable change was 16.95 for patients and 5.71 for healthy group. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of CS into Persian were successful. The Persian version demonstrates sufficient reliability and validity to evaluate shoulder function in overhead athletes with SIS.
Comparing Nerve Versus Muscle Wide-Pulse High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation for Maximal and Submaximal Efforts
Authors: Ventura Álvaro de Almeida , Vieira Denis César Leite , Soares Luis André de Oliveira , Bastos Júlia Aguillar Ivo , Babault Nicolas , Bottaro Martim , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation hinges on the evoked torque level, which can be attained through either conventional (CONV) or wide-pulse high frequency (WPHF). However, the best electrode placement is still unclear. This study adopted a crossover design to compare the effects of WPHF applied to the tibial nerve trunk (N-WPHF) or muscle (M-WPHF) with CONV in healthy participants. Methods: A total of 30 participants (age: 22.4 [4.5]) were involved in 4 sessions. During each session, participants performed: 2 maximal voluntary contractions, 2 contractions at maximal evoked torque, and 2 contractions at submaximal evoked torque at 20% maximal voluntary contraction. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation intensity-evoked torque, efficiency, and discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a 1-way mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: N-WPHF and M-WPHF showed higher evoked torque than CONV (P = .002 and P = .036) and greater efficiency than CONV for maximal evoked torque (P = .006 and P = .002). N-WPHF induced higher efficiency than M-WPHF and CONV for submaximal evoked torque (P = .004). Higher discomfort was observed for both N-WPHF and M-WPHF for submaximal evoked torque compared with CONV (P = .003 and P < .001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that WPHF applied at either the nerve or muscle could be the best choice for the maximal condition, whereas nerve application is preferred for the submaximal condition.
Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Individuals With Lateral Elbow Pain: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Gercek Hasan , Unuvar Bayram Sonmez , Aydoğdu Onur , Akkoyun Sert Ozlem , Sari Zubeyir
Published: January 2025

Context: In lateral elbow pain (LEP), it is important to improve pain, grip strength, and function. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) methods on pain, grip strength, and function in LEP. Design: Randomized single-blind clinical trial. Methods: Forty-eight adults with LEP were randomly assigned to the IASTM, ESWT, and control groups. Home exercise consisting of special static stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises was given to the control group. The ESWT group received a total of 8 sessions of ESWT in addition to home exercise. The IASTM group received a total of 8 sessions of IASTM in addition to home exercise. The visual analog scale for pain, hydraulic hand dynamometer for grip strength, and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation scale for functionality were used for assessment. Data were collected at baseline, after intervention, and at 4-weeks postintervention. Results: At the end of the treatment and the 4-week follow-up, a decrease in pain scores and improvement in muscle strength and functionality was detected in all 3 groups (P < .001). IASTM applications were more effective than ESWT and control groups in reducing pain both after application and at follow-up (P < .001), whereas ESWT application was also effective compared with the control group (P < .001). IASTM applications were more effective than the ESWT and control groups in reducing Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation total scores both after the applications and follow-up (P < .001). IASTM was more effective in grip strength than ESWT and control groups (P < .001). Conclusion: It was determined that IASTM and ESWT treatments were effective in reducing pain and increasing grip strength and functionality in both the short and long term in patients with LEP. It was determined that IASTM treatment was superior to ESWT treatment in reducing pain and improving grip strength and functionality.
Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire
Authors: García-Rubio Jorge , González-Devesa Daniel , Diz-Gómez José Carlos , Carlos Ayán-Pérez
Published: January 2025

Context: This study aims to provide data on the reliability and validity of an adapted Spanish version of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) when administered to Spanish athletes. Design: A cross-sectional study was developed. Methods: Data were collected from 128 athletes (males n = 71; females n = 57). The tools used in this study were the APSQ; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine relative reliability, whereas standard error measurement and minimal detectable change were used to evaluate absolute reliability. Bland–Altman plots were employed to assess test–retest agreement and potential systematic bias. Results: Data indicate that the Spanish version of the APSQ demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α: .77–.85) and generally fair to good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: .702; 95% CI, .602–.780). Significant associations were found between the APSQ Spanish version and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (ρ = .64–.82), with fair to good agreement, whereas fair to moderate levels of agreement were established between the APSQ Spanish version and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (ρ = .53–.75). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of the APSQ Spanish version for mental health screening among Spanish athletes. However, the lack of absolute reliability raises concerns about its utility for assessing the effects of interventions aimed at improving mental well-being.
Disability Awareness Sport and Physical Education Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review From 1992 to 2023
Authors: Grassi-Roig Mauro , Bores-García Daniel , Haegele Justin A. , Pérez-Tejero Javier
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to examine and describe the characteristics of sport and physical education-focused interventions that have been implemented in educational contexts to raise awareness toward disability. Method: A systematic review of journal-based literature published on disability awareness sport and physical education interventions impacting on students and preservice teachers was conducted. The article selection process included three phases based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: A total of 43 articles, spanning from 1992 to 2023, were analyzed in this study. Most reviewed research was from authors in Spain or the United States, and quantitative designs were most often used. Interventions were carried out across primary schools, secondary schools, and university settings, with most research coming from the university setting. Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this review demonstrate an abundance of empirically tested resources that can be utilized within elementary, secondary, and university physical education contexts to help enhance attitudes and self-efficacy toward students with disabilities.
Temporal dynamics of the interstitial fluid proteome in human skeletal muscle following exhaustive exercise
Authors: Stocks Ben , Quesada Julia Prats , Mozzicato Anthony M. , Jacob Carolina , Jensen Simone , MacGregor Kirstin A. , Bangsbo Jens , Zierath Juleen R. , Hostrup Morten , Deshmukh Atul S.
Published: January 2025

The skeletal muscle interstitial space is the extracellular region around myofibers and mediates cross-talk between resident cell types. We applied a proteomic workflow to characterize the human skeletal muscle interstitial fluid proteome at rest and in response to exercise. Following exhaustive exercise, markers of skeletal muscle damage accumulate in the interstitial space followed by the appearance of immune cell–derived proteins. Among the proteins up-regulated after exercise, we identified cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) as a bioactive molecule regulating muscle fiber development. Treatment with the bioactive peptide derivative of CAMP (LL-37) resulted in the growth of larger C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes. Phosphoproteomics revealed that LL-37 activated pathways central to muscle growth and proliferation, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and mammalian target of rapamycin. Our findings provide a proof of concept that the interstitial fluid proteome is quantifiable via microdialysis sampling in vivo. These data highlight the importance of cellular communication in the adaptive response to exercise.
Soft multifunctional bistable fabric mechanism for electronics-free autonomous robots
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Feng Miao , Sun Jianing , Wei Yexun , Zou Jiang , Zhu Xiangyang , Gu Guoying
Published: January 2025

Pneumatic soft robots are promising in diverse applications while they typically require additional electronics or components for pressure control. Fusing pneumatic actuation and control capabilities into a simple soft module remains challenging. Here, we present a class of bistable fabric mechanisms (BFMs) that merge soft bistable actuators and valves for electronics-free autonomous robots. The BFMs comprise two bonding fabric chambers with embedded tubes, where the straightening of one chamber compels the other to buckle for the bistability of the structure and the switching of the tube kinking. Our BFMs can facilitate fast bending actuation (more than 1166° s
−1
), on/off and continuous pressure regulation, pneumatic logic computations, and autonomous oscillating actuation (up to 4.6 Hz). We further demonstrate the capabilities of BFMs for diverse robotic applications powered by one constant-pressure air supply: a soft gripper for dynamic grasping and a soft crawler for autonomous jumping. Our BFM development showcases unique features and huge potential in advancing entirely soft, electronics-free autonomous robots.
Viral influencers: deciphering the role of endogenous retroviral LTR12 repeats in cellular gene expression
Authors: Krchlikova Veronika , Lu Yueshuang , Sauter Daniel
Published: January 2025

The human genome is like a museum of ancient retroviral infections. It contains a large number of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that bear witness to past integration events. About 5,000 of them are so-called long terminal repeat 12 (LTR12) elements. Compared with 20,000 human genes, this is a remarkable number. Although LTR12 elements can act as promoters or enhancers of cellular genes, the function of most of these retroviral elements has remained unclear. In our mini-review, we show that different LTR12 elements share many similarities, including common transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, we summarize novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms governing their silencing and activation. Specific examples of genes and pathways that are regulated by LTR12 loci are used to illustrate the regulatory network built by these repetitive elements. A particular focus is on their role in the regulation of antiviral immune responses, tumor cell proliferation, and senescence. Finally, we describe how a targeted activation of this fascinating ERV family could be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Policies, programmes and research on adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in South Sudan: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Crawford Jessica , Madut Chirrilo , Bak Chol , Wol Zack , Singh Neha S
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To provide an overview of research, policies and programmes related to the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents and youth (AY) in South Sudan in order to identify the gaps and potential areas of focus for researchers, policymakers and local and global SRH actors.

Design

Systematic scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for evidence synthesis.

Data sources

Medline, Embase and Global Health were searched for articles dated between 9 July 2011 and 13 July 2023. A grey literature search was conducted using Google search engine and on the websites of key stakeholders.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included all types of studies, policies, reports and programmes that pertained to any aspect of the SRH AY (ages 10–35) in South Sudan.

Data extraction and synthesis

All articles were screened by the first author using the predetermined eligibility criteria. A secondary review was conducted on all selected articles to ensure alignment with criteria. Data were extracted from all eligible articles using an established data extraction tool. The authors identified overarching themes from the extracted data and results were synthesised based on those themes.

Results

We screened 728 articles, resulting in 52 articles included in the review (19 peer-reviewed, 33 grey literature). Results were mapped across South Sudan and synthesised by key AYSRH thematic areas. The results were largely focused on the experiences of adolescent girls and young women and the sociocultural norms and economic challenges that contribute to their lack of access to SRH services and increased risk of experiencing various forms of gender-based violence. Vulnerable populations were excluded from research, policies and programmes, including very young adolescents, LGBTQ youth and youth with disabilities.

Conclusions

Quality research has been done on AYSRH in South Sudan; however, there are many key areas that have not been addressed such as maternal mortality and morbidities, safe abortion and tailored interventions for specific subgroups. While some policies and programmes were identified that address AYSRH, robust programme evaluation processes or evidence of follow-through or implementation of government strategies are lacking.
Characterising melanoma diagnostic pathways for patients in routine practice using administrative health data in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Mavor Meaghan E , Groome Patti A , Asai Yuka , Langley Hugh , Look Hong Nicole J , Wright Frances C , Hanna Timothy P
Published: January 2025

Objective

To characterise diagnostic pathways for patients with melanoma in routine practice and compare patient, disease and diagnostic interval (DI) characteristics across pathways.

Design

Descriptive cross-sectional study using administrative health data.

Setting

Population-based study in Ontario, Canada.

Participants

Patients with melanoma diagnosed from 2007 to 2019.

Main outcome measures

We used latent class cluster analysis to create clusters of patients with similar diagnostic experiences to characterise diagnostic pathways in routine practice. Indicator variables characterised the patient’s keratinocyte carcinoma and dermatologist history, presentation pattern, procedure types, number of visits and procedures, and the activity on the diagnosis date. χ2tests and Pearson residuals were used. We characterised clusters by the lengths of their DI, primary care subinterval and specialist care subinterval.

Results

There were 33 371 patients diagnosed with melanoma from 2007 to 2019. We identified four diagnostic pathways: ‘primary care only’ (n=6107), ‘referred to specialist with immediate action’ (n=8987), ‘multiple visits and procedures in specialist care’ (n=11 893) and ‘specialist care only’ (n=6384). Patient, disease and DI characteristics varied across pathways. Pathway types varied regionally. A higher proportion in the ‘primary care only’ pathway lived in rural areas whereas a higher proportion in the ‘referred to specialist for immediate action’ and the ‘specialist care only’ pathways lived in major urban centres. Across pathways, the median DI varied from 1 to 67 days, the median primary care subinterval varied from 1 to 30 days and the median specialist care subinterval varied from 1 to 25 days. Patients in the ‘primary care only’ pathway experienced the shortest DIs, and patients in the ‘multiple visits and procedures in specialist care’ pathway experienced the longest DIs.

Conclusions and relevance

We identified four melanoma diagnostic pathways. The shortest DI, the ‘primary care only’ pathway, highlights the important role of primary care and the need to reduce the wait for specialists. Diagnostic processes varied across geographical locations. Future research should address reasons for these differences, including whether they are associated with inefficient or inappropriate care.
Clinical course of spinal pain in adolescents: a feasibility study in a chiropractic setting
Authors: Montgomery Laura RC , Kamper Steven J , Young Anika , Beynon Amber , Pohlman Katherine A , Hestbæk Lise , Hancock Mark J , French Simon D , Maher Christopher G , Swain Michael S
Published: January 2025

Design

Prospective feasibility study.

Objectives

To inform the design and conduct of a large-scale clinical cohort study investigating adolescents with moderate-to-severe spinal pain.

Setting

Chiropractic care in Sydney, Australia.

Participants

Adolescents aged 12–17 years with spinal pain (≥4/10 pain intensity score).

Methods

Adolescents and chiropractors completed baseline and week-12 follow-up questionnaires, with adolescents reporting pain intensity and recovery weekly via text messages during weeks 1–11. Questionnaire measures included spinal pain, pain coping, quality of life, physical activity, clinical assessment findings and care delivered. Chiropractors provided usual clinical care. We conducted a descriptive feasibility analysis.

Primary outcomes

(1) Recruitment rate, (2) response rate to each data collection instrument and (3) retention rate.

Results

From May 2021 to February 2023, 20 chiropractors from 10 clinics were enrolled (invited n=85). 10 chiropractors recruited 45 adolescents (15.4±1.4 years, 43% female) over 13.5 months, excluding an 8-month pause due to COVID-19 disruptions. The average recruitment rate was 0.6 adolescents/recruiting chiropractor/month. We achieved a 100% response to chiropractor baseline and follow-up questionnaires, 98% to adolescent baseline, 94% average response to combined weekly text messages and 93% retention of adolescents at study completion.

Conclusions

Our high response and retention rates demonstrate feasible data collection methods in this population. Addressing low recruitment by expanding the number and type of clinicians is necessary for a successful larger study.
Observational study protocol: the faecal microbiome in the acute stage of new-onset paediatric type 1 diabetes in an Irish cohort
Authors: Kennedy Elaine Catherine , Ross Fiona Catherine , O’Shea Carol-Anne , Lavelle Aonghus , Ross Paul , Dempsey Eugene , Stanton Catherine , Hawkes Colin Patrick
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Although there is an underlying genetic predisposition to developing T1D, the trigger is multifactorial and likely includes environmental factors. The intestinal microbiome has been identified as one such factor. Previous studies have illustrated differences in the microbiota of people with T1D compared with healthy controls. This study aims to describe the evolution of the microbiome and metabolome during the first year of clinical T1D, or stage 3 T1D diagnosis, and investigate whether there are differences in the microbiome and metabolome of children who present with and without diabetic ketoacidosis. The study will also explore possible associations between the microbiome, metabolome, glycaemic control and beta cell reserve.

Methods and analysis

This prospective cohort study will include children with newly diagnosed T1D and sibling controls (n=100, males and females) and their faecal microbiome will be characterised using shotgun metagenomic sequencing at multiple time points during the first year of diagnosis. We will develop a microbial culture biobank based on culturomic studies of stool samples from the healthy controls that will support future investigation. Metabolomic analysis will aim to identify additional biomarkers which may be involved in disease presentation and progression. Through this initial exploratory study, we aim to identify specific microbial biomarkers which may be used as future interventional targets throughout the various stages of T1D progression.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals. Study results will be available to patients with T1D and their families, carers, support networks and microbiome societies and other researchers.

Trial registration number

The clinicaltrials.gov registration number for this trial isNCT06157736.
Real-world outcomes in patients with melanoma brain metastasis: a US multisite retrospective chart review study of systemic treatments
Authors: Glitza Oliva Isabella C , Palaia Jennell , Sakkal Leon A , Patel Divya , Moshyk Andriy , Han Natalia , Odak Shardul , Schmier Jordana K , Ning Ning , Chandra Sunandana
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study examined real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) treated with first-line immunotherapy consisting of nivolumab plus ipilimumab or anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) or targeted therapy consisting of BRAF/MEK inhibitors.

Design

Retrospective chart review study.

Setting

Academic medical centres, community hospitals and private practice offices.

Participants

Included patients diagnosed with melanoma with brain metastasis in the USA.

Outcome measures

The statistical analysis was descriptive in nature. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between treatments in a univariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

In total, 472 patients with MBM who received first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n=246), anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n=112) or BRAF/MEK inhibitors (n=114) were identified. Patients receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab, compared with patients receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors, had favourable baseline prognostic factors, such as younger age, fewer or smaller brain metastases, better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and less frequently elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Median follow-up times were 15.4 months (range 0.1 to 37.0), 13.3 months (range 0.3 to 36.6) and 13.9 months (range 1.9 to 36.5), respectively. Numerically longer OS was observed with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.67) or BRAF/MEK inhibitors (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.04) and numerically longer PFS was observed with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.02) or BRAF/MEK inhibitors (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.12). With nivolumab plus ipilimumab, anti-PD-1 monotherapy and BRAF/MEK inhibitors, 1-year OS rates were 79%, 60% and 72%, respectively; 1-year PFS rates were 68%, 58% and 59%.

Conclusions

In this real-world study, first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab appeared to provide benefit versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy and BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with MBM, consistent with pivotal trial data. However, the observed benefit may have been due to confounding and selection bias, given that patients receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab had favourable baseline prognostic factors compared with patients receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors.