bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Leaching from an Organic and a Mineral Arable Soil in a Rainfall Simulation Study
Authors: Riddle Matthew , Bergström Lars , Schmieder Frank , Kirchmann Holger , Condron Leo , Aronsson Helena
Published: May 2018

Phosphorus derived from agricultural systems has been found to cause eutrophication of surface waters. To combat this, the specific location of soil profile P release is necessary for development of effective mitigation strategies. This paper describes a P leaching study of two Swedish arable soils, an organic (Typic Haplosaprist) and a mineral soil (Typic Hapludalf), both with high P content. Undisturbed soil columns isolated 0‐ to 20‐, 20‐ to 40‐, 40‐ to 60‐, and 60‐ to 80‐cm depth intervals. These were placed in a rainfall simulator and subjected to four 50‐mm rainfall events to identify the origin of P leachate as a function of soil depth interval and physicochemical properties. Phosphorus losses were greatest from the two uppermost layers of both soils after 200 mm of artificial rainfall was applied at 5 mm h−1. Total P concentration in leachate from the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer ranged from 2.1 to 8.8 mg L−1for the mineral and 3.7 to 10.3 mg L−1from the organic soil, with most (95–100%) in dissolved reactive P form. Degree of P saturation correlated well with total P leaching losses from the organic soil (R= 0.84) but not the mineral soil (R= 0.69), suggesting that the presence of Al and Fe (hydr)oxides has a stronger influence on P leaching in the organic soil. Results indicate that both soils have the potential to contribute concentrations of P above those known to cause eutrophication of surface waters.

Core Ideas

The majority of P leached from both soils was from the top 20 cm, in DRP form.

Phosphorus concentrations in leachate were higher from the organic than the mineral soil.

Degree of P saturation correlated well with P leached from the organic soil.

High rainfall application promoted losses of P potentially complexed to DOC and Fe or Al.

Both soils leached concentrations of P above those known to cause eutrophication.
A Crop Wild Relative Inventory for Mexico
Authors: Contreras‐Toledo Aremi R. , Cortés‐Cruz Moisés A. , Costich Denise , de Lourdes Rico‐Arce María , Brehm Joana Magos , Maxted Nigel
Published: May 2018

Crop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable sources of variation for the genetic improvement of crops. Mexico is an important center of diversity of crops and CWR. However, this diversity is threatened by climate change, habitat degradation, increasing human population, among other factors. Given the large number of CWR, the creation of a CWR inventory is the starting point for the development of a national CWR conservation strategy. The process for the preparation of a national CWR inventory for Mexico consisted of (i) producing a list of national crop species, (ii) matching the crop genera with the list of national flora to produce a CWR checklist, and (iii) prioritizing the CWR checklist according to a series of selection criteria and using a ranking system. The selection criteria included the economic value of the related crop, the potential for crop improvement, food intake, threat status, geographical distribution, and crop use. Applying these criteria, 310 prioritized CWR taxa were selected (~2% of the national CWR diversity), integrating the national CWR inventory. They are mostly related to food crops of national but also global importance, such as maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), squash (Cucurbita spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Approximately 31% of the taxa are endemic to Mexico. The inventory will help to develop in situ and ex situ conservation plans as part of a national CWR conservation strategy.
1.2714 Çeliği Üzerine Sert Dolgu Kaynağı ile Kaplanmış Fe-Cr-V Esaslı Alaşımın Malzeme Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GENÇALP İRİZALP Simge , SAKLAKOĞLU Nurşen , İLDAŞ Gizem , DEMİROK Selçuk
Published: May 2018

Sert dolgu kaynağı, günümüzde birçok üretim sektöründe kabul gören ve kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Gıdadan ziraate, madencilikten kimyaya kadar geniş yelpazede uygulamaları mevcuttur. Bu yöntemin tercih edilme sebebini kısaca düşük maliyet ile malzeme özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi olarak açıklayabiliriz. Dövme sektörünün bir kolu olan sıcak dövme kalıplarında, ya deforme olmuş bölgelerin tadilatı amacıyla ya da deforme olabilecek bölgelerin önceden güçlendirilerek özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılır. Bu çalışmada 1.2714 sıcak iş takım çeliği yüzeyine, Fe esaslı Thermo Dur isimli kaynak elektrotu ile kaplama yapılarak, kalıp ömründe ve özelliklerinde iyileştirme yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Öncelikle Thermo Dur isimli elektrot yüzeye TIG kaynak yöntemiyle kaplanmış, daha sonra incelemeler için numuneler hazırlanmıştır. Numunelere sırasıyla sertlik, içyapı, SEM, EDS, XRD, aşınma testi ve ağırlık kaybı analizleri yapılmıştır. JMatPro programı kullanılarak akma gerilmesi ve ortalama genleşme katsayısı gibi malzeme özellikleri elde edilmiştir. Bu analizler sonunda elde edilen veriler, literatür taraması esnasında bulunan makalelerdeki verilerle kıyaslanarak yorumlanmıştır. Aşınma sonuçları incelendiğinde; dolgu malzemesinin kalıp çeliğine göre 1,5 kat daha az aşındığı görülmektedir. Bu duruma dolgu malzemesinin, sıcak iş takım çeliğine kıyasla daha sert olmasının neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Sertlik farkının dolgu malzemesi içinde yer alan karbür yapıcı elementlerden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Dolgu malzemesinin içinde Cr ve V gibi karbür yapıcı elementler kalıp malzemesine oranla daha fazla bulunmaktadır. Aşınma testi tamamlandıktan sonra yapılan ağırlık ölçümlerinde dolgu malzemesinin ağırlığında azalma görülürken, takım çeliğinin ağırlığında artış görülmüştür. Bu duruma yapışmanın neden olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Ocena ataku na szpital w Kunduzie w świetle międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka
Published: May 2018

Evaluation of the attack on the Kunduz hospital in the light of international humanitarian law The article concentrates on the recent US attack on a hospital led by the international non-governmental organization Médecins Sans Frontières. The hospital was located in Kunduz in Afghanistan and the attack took place on October 2, 2015. The author briefly analyses the legality of the attack in the light of international humanitarian law, especially in the light of the rules of targeting military objectives.
Degradation of amino acids by leaching in feeds for shrimp
Authors: Prado João Paulo de Sousa , Cavalheiro José Marcelino Oliveira , Cavalheiro Thiago Brandão , Silva Fernanda Vanessa Gomes da
Published: May 2018

The feed for shrimp are one of the most expensive in the aquaculture sector, mainly because this type of feed should have high stability in water. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of amino acids in commercial feeds with different protein contents intended for larval and juvenile shrimp subjected to leaching. The feed samples were exposed to the leaching process during the time period of 04, 08 and 12 hours. The analyses of degradation of amino acids were performed using an elution gradient in HPLC system. In all diets evaluated it was found that lysine and histidine are essential amino acids which suffered less degradation processes. It’s important to mention that arginine is considered an important amino acid for growth of shrimp. In both feeds with 35% protein (RA35 and RB35) the losses of arginine were 79 and 89% respectively. The results obtained in this study indicate that the leaching process significantly reduced the content of amino acids in the feeds. The physical structure of the feed doesn't prevent the degradation process of amino acids in the leaching process.
Análise das notificações de agravos por peçonhentos na Região Metropolitana de Campina Grande - Paraíba/Brasil - 2010
Authors: Barbosa Abraão Ribeiro , Furtado Cristiane Miranda , Cavalcanti Marília Gabriela dos S. , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho pretende avaliar o grau de cientificidade do ordenamento jurídico-ambiental brasileiro relativo ao conceito de animal silvestre, por meio da análise das normas sobre a proteção da fauna silvestre. Foi possível constatar que o conceito de animal silvestre contido na Lei dos Crimes Ambientais (Lei no. 9.605/1998) difere do contido nos livros científicos. Entretanto as diferenciações observadas refletem tão somente os diversos critérios de valoração da fauna, sejam eles científicos, ecológicos, ulturais ou geográficos. No entanto, seja qual for a classificação adotada, ela busca refletir os objetivos específicos a serem protegidos, concluindo-se então que as normas estão cumprindo o papel de proteger a biodiversidade brasileira, desde que corretamente interpretadas.
Estudo do meio ambiente na constituição brasileira e na legislação internacional
Authors: Barbosa Eduardo Uchôa Guerra , Fernandes Hélder Formiga , Maia Anne Caroline Paiva
Published: May 2018

A natureza é a fonte de sustento de todos os seres vivos. Porém, os seres humanos se utilizam dela não apenas para sobreviver, mas também para progredir nos mais variados sentidos. Contudo, devido a limitação dos recursos, poluição e uso desenfreado dos recursos naturais, os seres humanos se encontraram em uma situação delicada que os forçou a criar leis, tratados internacionais e até colocar em algumas Constituições direitos acerca do meio ambiente para que se possa garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável e assegurar tanto o desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico como preservar a natureza para as futuras gerações. O presente artigo buscou tecer comentários e reflexões acerca da legislação nacional e internacional sobre o meio ambiente, buscando trazer perspectivas e contribuir para discussões nos mais variados meios acadêmicos e na sociedade.
Tanzania: Small Arms Proliferation in East Africa and National Security
Authors: Ndawana Enock , Hove Mediel , Ghuliku Sylvester ,   History Department – War and Strategic Studies Unit, University of Zimbabwe,   International Centre for Nonviolence, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa,   International Relations University of Zimbabwe
Published: May 2018

This article examines the effects of the proliferation of small arms on Tanzania’s national security. Engaging the security dilemma theory, regional security complex theory and ideas about state weakness, the paper argues that the prevalence of small arms in Tanzania negatively shape the social, economic and political milieu with profound consequences for the stability and security of the country and region both in the short and longterm. While Tanzania continues to be relatively stable, it suffers from the proliferation of small arms. This may erode its long observed image as the anchor of East African stability if not urgently addressed. The paper concludes that Tanzania has both strengths or successes and weaknesses in its efforts to mitigate the small arms challenge in which the former need to be strengthened to avert the country’s image of peace and stability in East Africa from becoming an illusion.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAMBA JARING APUNG DENGAN JENIS MAKANAN YANG TERDAPAT PADA LAMBUNG IKAN ENDEMIK DI WADUK KOTO PANJANG, RIAU
Authors: Sumiarsih Eni , Djunaedi Otong Suhara , Dhahiyat Yayat , Zahidah Zahidah
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the Koto Panjang Dam, Riau there are more than 1582fish floating cages present.  Fish feed spilled from the cage is believed to affect the diet of wild endemic fishes inhabit the dam. To understand the effect of the cage on the diet of the endemic, a study has been conducted on May to September 2013. There were 5 sampling sites, 2 sites located in the natural area that there is no cage (St 1Na and St2 Na) and the others (3 Ka, 4 Ka and 5 Ka) were in the area around the cage. Fishes were sampled hourly, for a 24 hour period and their stomach content was analyzed. Results shown that there were 31 species of endemic fishes such as Puntius schwanenfeldii, Macrones nemurus, Hampala bimaculata, Osteochillus hasselti, Rasbora vaillanti, Tynnichtys vaillanti, Ophiocephalus melanosoma, Chela oxygastroides, Cyclocheilichthys heteronema, Notopterus chilata, Puntius bramoidesandCyclocheilichtys apogon. Among these fishes, however, only P. schwanenfeldii that greatly affected by the presence of the aquaculture activities as the stomach of fish living around the cage was filled with fish feed pellets (more than 90%). The fish living in the area with no cage, however, filled with animal and plant remains. This fact indicates that the P.  schwanenfeldii is an opportunist fish that is able to change their diet into fish feed pellets. Based on data obtained, it can be concluded that the presence of fish floating cage aquaculture activities affect certain fish species only.Key words: Fish floating cage, Puntius schwanenfeldii, Koto Panjang Dam, endemic fish, fish feed pellet
Off-line robustification of Generalized Predictive Control for uncertain systems
Authors: Khelifi Otmane Khelifa , Bali Nordine , Nezli Lazhari
Published: May 2018

An off-line methodology was proposed for enhancing the robustness of an initial Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) by convex optimization of the Youla parameter. However, this procedure of robustification is restricted with the case of the systems affected only by unstructured uncertainties. This paper proposes an extension of this method to the systems subjected to both unstructured and structured polytopic uncertainties. The main idea consists in adding supplementary constraints to the optimization problem which validates the Lipatov stability condition at each vertex of the polytope. These polytopic uncertainties impose a set of non convex quadratic constraints. The globally optimal solution is found by means of the GloptiPoly3 software. Therefore, this robustification provides stability robustness towards unstructured uncertainties for the nominal system, while guaranteeing stability properties over a specified polytopic domain of uncertainties. Finally, an illustrative example is given
Idea of the Integrated Recycling System of Used Moulding Sands with Organic Resins
Authors: Dańko R.
Published: May 2018

The paper presents the idea of the integrated recycling system of used moulding sands with organic resins. A combination of the method of forecasting averaged ignition loss values of moulding sands after casting and defining the range of necessary matrix reclamation treatments in order to obtain its full recycling constitutes the basics of this process.

The results of own investigations, allowing to combine ignition loss values of spent moulding sands after casting knocking out with amounts of dusts generated during the mechanical reclamation treatment of such sands, were utilized in the system.
Heuristic Model of the Mechanical Properties of a Hypoeutectic EN AC-42100 (EN AC-AlSi7Mg0.3) Silumin Alloy Subjected to Heat Treatment
Authors: Górny Z. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Czekaj E. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D.
Published: May 2018

The object of the experimental studies was to determine the mechanical properties of a hypoeutectic EN AC - 42100 (EN ACAlSi7Mg0,3) silumin alloy, where the said properties are changing as a result of subjecting the samples of different types to solution treatment. An important aspect of the studies was the use type of device for the heat treatment. As a basic parameter representing the mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the metal (Rm) was adopted.
Austenitization of FerriticDuctile Iron
Authors: Krzyńska A. , Kochański A.
Published: May 2018

Austenitization is the first step of heat treatment preceding the isothermal quenching of ductile iron in austempered ductile iron (ADI) manufacturing. Usually, the starting material for the ADI production is ductile iron with more convenient pearlitic matrix. In this paper we present the results of research concerning the austenitizing of ductile iron with ferritic matrix, where all carbon dissolved in austenite must come from graphite nodules. The scope of research includedcarrying out the process of austenitization at 900° Cusing a variable times ranging from 5 to 240minutes,and then observations of the microstructure of the samples after different austenitizing times. These were supplemented with micro-hardness testing. The research showed that the process of saturating austenite with carbon is limited by the rate of dissolution of carbon from nodular graphite precipitates
The Influence of the Method of Mould Filling on the Quality of Castings Made of EN AC-44000 or EN AC-46200 Alloy
Authors: Nadolski M. , Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Zyska A.
Published: May 2018

The performed examinations concerning the process of filling the plaster ceramic moulds with aluminium alloys allowed to assess the influence of various methods of introducing the metal into the mould cavity on the macro- and microstructure of the obtained experimental castings. The comparison was performed for castings with graded wall thickness made either of EN AC-44000 alloy or of EN AC-46000 alloy, produced either by gravity casting, or by gravity casting with negative pressure generated around the mould (according to the Vacumetal technology), or by counter-gravity casting. It was found that the silicon crystals grow in size with an increase in wall thickness due to the slower cooling and solidification of castings
Selected Principles of Feeding Systems Design: Simulation vs Industrial Experience
Authors: Perzyk M. , Kochański A. , Mazurek P. , Karczewski K.
Published: May 2018

Simulation software dedicated for design of casting processes is usually tested and calibrated by comparisons of shrinkage defects distribution predicted by the modelling with that observed in real castings produced in a given foundry. However, a large amount of expertise obtained from different foundries, including especially made experiments, is available from literature, in the form of recommendations for design of the rigging systems. This kind of information can be also used for assessment of the simulation predictions. In the present work two parameters used in the design of feeding systems are considered: feeding ranges in horizontal and vertical plates as well as efficiency (yield) of feeders of various shapes. The simulation tests were conducted using especially designed steel and aluminium castings with risers and a commercial FDM based software. It was found that the simulations cannot predict appearance of shrinkage porosity in horizontal and vertical plates of even cross-sections which would mean, that the feeding ranges are practically unlimited. The yield of all types of feeders obtained from the simulations appeared to be much higher than that reported in the literature. It can be concluded that the feeding flow modelling included in the tested software does not reflect phenomena responsible for the feeding processes in real castings properly. Further tests, with different types of software and more fundamental studies on the feeding process modelling would be desirable.
Evaluation of High-temperature Physicochemical Interactions Between the H282Alloy Melt and Ceramic Material of the Crucible
Authors: Pirowski Z.
Published: May 2018

Nickel alloys belong to the group of most resistant materials when used under the extreme operating conditions, including chemically aggressive environment, high temperature, and high loads applied over a long period of time. Although in the global technology market one can find several standard cast nickel alloys, the vast majority of components operating in machines and equipment are made from alloys processed by the costly metalworking operations. Analysis of the available literature and own studies have shown that the use of casting technology in the manufacture of components from nickel alloys poses a lot of difficulty. This is due to the adverse technological properties of these alloys, like poor fluidity, high casting shrinkage, and above all, high reactivity of liquid metal with the atmospheric air over the bath and with the ceramic material of both the crucible and foundry mold. The scale of these problems increases with the expected growth of performance properties which these alloys should offer to the user.

This article presents the results of studies of physico-chemical interactions that occur between the H282alloy melt and selected refractory ceramic materials commonly used in foundry. Own methodology for conducting micro-melts on a laboratory scale was elaborated and discussed. The results obtained have revealed that the alumina-based ceramics exhibits greater reactivity in contact with the H282 alloy melt than the materials based on zirconium compounds. In the conducted experiments, the ceramic materials based on zirconium silicate have proved to be a much better choice than the zirconia-silica mixture. Regardless of the type of the ceramic materials used, the time and temperature of their contact with the nickel alloy melt should always be limited to an absolutely necessary minimum required by the technological regime.
Eutectic Structures Competition in the Stripes Strengthening the (Zn) – Single Crystal
Authors: Wołczyński W. , Kjelstrup S. , Bedeaux D. , Szajnar J. , Billia B.
Published: May 2018

Some eutectic stripes have been generated in a hexagonal (Zn) - single crystal. The stripes are situated periodically with the constant interstripes spacing. The eutectic structure in the stripes consists of strengthening inter-metallic compound, Zn16Ti, and (Zn) - solid solution. The rod-like irregular eutectic structure (with branches) appears at low growth rates. The regular lamellar eutectic structure is observed at middle growth rates. The regular rod-like eutectic structure exists exclusively in the stripes at some elevated growth rates. A new thermodynamic criterion is recommended. It suggests that this eutectic regular structure is the winner in a morphological competition for which the minimum entropy production is lower. A competition between the regular rod-like and the regular lamellar eutectic growth is described by means of the proposed criterion. The formation of branches within irregular eutectic structure is referred to the state of marginal stability. A continuous transitions from the marginal stability to the stationary state are confirmed by the continuous transformations of the irregular eutectic structure into the regular one.
Jimma Town: Foundation and Early Growth from ca. 1830 to 1936
Authors: Seifu Yonas , Záhořík Jan
Published: May 2018

This study deals with the early history of Jimma town and its growth from its foundation until 1936. It explores social, economic and administrative themes, but also attempts to show the interrelationship between these themes. The town of Jimma evolved during this period from being the home-town of a relatively homogenous society and culture into a place of residence for a diverse and increasingly cosmopolitan population. Economically, the story of Jimma during this period is one of both continuity and change. It is a story of continuity because Jimma, which had been a center of trade from the very beginning, continued to be so during this period. There was significant change, however, because unlike the previous decades in which Jimma had served as a point of exchange or transit for elite goods that mostly originated from beyond the borders of the Oromo Kingdom (such as slaves, ivory and musk), during this period the town developed into the chief center for the collection, organization and export of a cash crop that was grown locally (coffee).

Economic change, therefore, resulted in both production and exchange. The social, economic and administrative history of Jimma is closely intertwined, however. The mixture of peoples and cultures, as well as the nature of the urban social institutions that evolved in the town, are closely tied to “the cash crop revolution”, which brought streams of permanent and temporary residents to the town; the evolution of the town into a chief administrative center, as well as the introduction of somewhat peculiar administrative and fiscal institutions, came about, at least in part, as a result of the location of the town in the heart of the “coffee country”, as southwestern Ethiopia came to be known. In short, both the urbanity and the urbanization of Jimma can be explained by the story of coffee production and trade. This article documents these processes extensively and accounts for the growth of a major town in modern Ethiopia.
Can biotechnology contribute to the development of research and innovation smart specialization strategy (RIS3) in Central and East European countries? Reminiscences from the European Workshop
Authors: Ondrejovič Miroslav , Miertuš Stanislav
Published: May 2018

The paper presents main results and recommendations of the recent European Workshop dedicated to the evaluation of current state and prospects for Biotechnology with the attention to Central and European countries. The contribution of Biotechnology to the RIS3 strategy is also briefly presented. It is believed that there is still insufficient integration of research and innovation, especially in Central and Eastern European countries. Another problem is the weak interest and lack of mechanisms for the entry of potential investors into biotechnology capital–intensive areas. Series of proposals and recommendations coming from the Workshop on how to increase the regional cooperation in the field of Biotechnology is briefly described together with the potential role of international institutions (JRC-EC, CEI, ICGEB, EBTNA) in such cooperation.
Pola Resistensi Bakteri terhadap Antibiotik pada Pasien Diabetic Foot di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Periode Agustus-Oktober 2016
Authors: Setianingsih Yunita , Fadraersada Jaka , Ibrahim Arsyik , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: May 2018

Kasus ulkus dan gangren diabetik merupakan kasus diabetic foot yang banyak dirawat di rumah sakit. Untuk menanggulangi penyakit ini digunakan antibiotika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola resistensi bakteri penginfeksi diabetic foot uji kepekaan bakteri terhadap beberapa antibiotik pilihan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara prospektif. Pengoleksian sampel diawali dengan pengumpulan rekam medis pasien, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengoleksian sampel pus (nanah). Setelah itu dilakukan kultur bakteri yang dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi yang meliputi uji mikroskopi dengan pengecatan gram. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi biokimia dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik dengan menggunakan Vitex 2 system version 06.01 (biomereux). Berdasarkan pola kepekaan bakteri didapatkan Acinetobacter sp muncul sebagai bakteri  resisten 100 % terhadap (amoksiklav dan 60 % koloninya resisten terhadap seftriakson dan sefotaksim) Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang resisten 100 % terhadap Amoksiklav, Seftriakson, Sefotaksim. Sedangkan MRSA dan S. haemolyticus  resisten terhadap semua turunan Methicillin dan Betalaktam.
Understanding Non-Covalent Interactions: Correlated Energy Decomposition Analysis and Applications to Halogen Bonding
Authors: Gonthier Jerome F. , Thirman Jonathan , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: May 2018

Non-covalent interactions play a primordial role in chemistry. Beyond their quantification, the detailed understanding of their physical processes is necessary to rationalize chemical trends and improve designs of chemical systems. Energy decomposition analyses allow detailed insight
into non-covalent interactions by extracting electrostatics, Pauli repulsion, polarization, dispersion and charge transfer components from interaction energies. Recent work has demonstrated that electronic correlation influenced significantly all of these energy components, whereas previous
decompositions only partitioned correlation between dispersion and charge transfer. The MP2 energy decomposition analysis with Absolutely Localized Molecular Orbitals (MP2 ALMO-EDA) takes these results fully into account and offers a correlation correction for each extracted component. A recent
detailed investigation of the CCSD dispersion energy showed that a small number of virtual orbitals is sufficient to describe dispersion interactions accurately in the long-range, which potentially offers a basis-set independent definition of dispersion. Finally, we present an application
of MP2 ALMO-EDA to a series of unusual halogen bonding complexes where charge transfer dominates over the electrostatic ?-hole interaction.
Ruthenium-based Photocatalysis in Templated Reactions
Authors: Saarbach Jacques , Lindberg Eric , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Templated reactions proceed by bringing reagents in close proximity through their interaction with a template thus raising their effective concentrations. Templated reactions empower chemists to perform reactions at low concentrations in complex environments. Herein, we discuss our
work on templated reactions leveraged on ruthenium photocatalysis. Over the past five years, we have used this reaction to uncage reporter molecules and sense or image nucleic acids or proteins of interest. The ruthenium photocatalysis chemistry has proven to be extremely robust and compatible with complex biological environments.
Transforming Olefins into Dinucleophiles
Authors: García-Domínguez Andrés , Nevado Cristina
Published: May 2018

Herein we present the first example of a three-component dicarbofunctionalization of olefins under reductive conditions. Our strategy takes advantage of nickel catalysis to add aryl and alkyl groups across the double bond with remarkable selectivity. The reaction shows broad functional
group compatibility and more importantly, it proves to be general in terms of the alkenes that can be functionalized compared to previous dicarbofunctionalization methods. Initial control experiments reveal different activation modes for both electrophiles and the involvement of alkyl radicals throughout the reaction.
Hier, aujourd’hui, demain : qu’est-ce que l’actuel ?
Authors: Abdulla Rosanne , Defraeye Julien
Published: May 2018

Introduction du dossier 'Hier, aujourd’hui, demain : qu’est-ce que l’actuel ?'
Aux sources de la représentation des femmes autochtones dans trois récits de voyage français de la Renaissance
Authors: Talbot Megan
Published: May 2018

En analysant trois récits de voyage de la Renaissance ; l’Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre du Brésil de Jean de Léry, Le grand voyage du pays des Hurons de Gabriel Sagard et des lettres de Marie de L’Incarnation, cet article cherche à analyser le portrait des femmes autochtones de la Nouvelle-France par une perspective européenne. Les auteurs avant tout font une comparaison entre la société européenne et la société autochtone pendant les premières explorations. Nous examinerons les thèmes communs des voyageurs comme les descriptions des femmes, y compris l’apparence physique, le comportement et les devoirs de la femme et dans le cas de Marie de L’Incarnation, l’héroïsme de différentes tribus. Les œuvres en question comparent les sociétés de leur temps, donnant l’occasion aux lecteurs modernes de retourner au passé pour comprendre la façon dont les femmes autochtones ont été représentées par les voyageurs au début de la colonisation.
Gagnon, Alex. La communauté du dehors. Imaginaire social et crimes célèbres au Québec (XIXe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Balint Adina
Published: May 2018

Compte rendu

Gagnon, Alex. La communauté du dehors. Imaginaire social et crimes célèbres au Québec (XIXe-XXe siècles)
Desbiens, Patrice. Sous un ciel couleur cayenne
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: May 2018

Compte rendu

Desbiens, Patrice. Sous un ciel couleur cayenne
ESPÉCIES REATIVAS AO OXIGÊNIO, ANTIOXIDANTES E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA QUALIDADE DO SÊMEN CONSERVADO DE MAMÍFEROS DOMÉSTICOS
Authors: Toniolli Ricardo , Costa Jonathan Maia da S.
Published: May 2018

O processo de criopreservação proporciona uma série de alterações celulares, as quais são responsáveis pela perda de qualidade do ejaculado. Os danos podem variar desde a queda da motilidade até lesões irreversíveis ao DNA espermático, que contribuem para redução das taxas de fertilidade. Estas crioinjúrias são resultados da produção exacerbada das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) no sêmen. Com objetivo de minimizar os danos causados à célula espermática, diversos estudos têm sugerido a adição de antioxidantes aos meios de refrigeração e congelação do sêmen.
Guia revisado sobre o diagnóstico e prognóstico da piometra canina
Authors: Trautwein Luiz Guilherme Corsi , Sant'Anna Marcos Cesar , Justino Rebeca Cordeiro , Martins Maria Isabel Mello
Published: May 2018

A piometra é uma doença inflamatória uterina, de caráter emergencial, associada ao acúmulo intrauterino de pus. Novos conceitos acerca de sua patogenia foram propostos nas últimas décadas, incluindo novos métodos de tratamento e estadiamento da doença, visando auxiliar o clínico em sua rotina diária. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de atuar como guia para o diagnóstico da piometra canina, doença de elevada incidência no Brasil.
Experimental Investigation of Compressive Strength and Infiltration Rate of Pervious Concrete by Fully Reduction of Sand
Authors: Manan Aneel , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ahmad Fawad , Basit Abdul , Ayaz Khan Muhammad Nasir
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study is to investigate compressive strength of pervious concrete by reduction of fine aggregate from zero to 100%, additionally investigate infiltration rate of pervious concrete. Experimental study has conducted at Cecos Engineering University Peshawar. The pervious concrete samples were produced for 7 and 28 days. Compressive strength of pervious concrete indicated higher reduction of the sand reduces compressive strength and almost 50% compressive strength decreased by reduction of 100% sand from the design mix. On the other side, infiltration rate for 28 days shows direct relation above 40% reduction of sand and highest 273% of infiltration rate by reducing 100% sand from the design mix. The 90% reduction of sand from concrete give considerable compressive strength of 2150 psi and infiltration rate of 165.79 inch/hour, which can be recommended for pavements of parking and walking area.
An Equivalent Truss Model for In-Plane Nonlinear Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Walls
Authors: Najafgholipour Mohammadamir
Published: May 2018

According to the importance of seismic evaluation of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, researchers have been interested in numerical modelling of these types of structures and their components. On the other hand, in seismic performance evaluation and retrofitting codes which are mostly based on Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD), different analysis methods such as linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses are employed. Therefore, simple equivalent frame models with lower computational cost are very useful for modelling and analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings. In this article, a simple equivalent truss model is proposed for modelling and analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall with sliding shear failure as the governing in-plane failure mode. The model is developed according to an analogy between the internal forces in a triangular truss and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Then, the proposed model is generalized for modelling and push over analysis of combinations of walls. Finally, the modelling procedure is applied for push over analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall consists of some piers and the push over curve of the wall is determined and discussed.
Reviewing the Role of Spatial Factors in Promoting Social Interactions with the Purpose of Designing a Cinematic-Cultural Complex
Authors: Karimi Azeri Amir Reza , Haghighi Sosari Zahra Delkhosh , Mozhdehi Amirnezhad
Published: May 2018

The first goal of architecture is to build a proper space for human activities. Having sufficient knowledge about human beings and their relationships with others can be effective in creating an environment that is appropriate for certain types of activities. On the other hand , as social creatures, humans have various qualitative and quantitative levels of social interactions; while many of the existing buildings have created a deeper gap in human relations by solely responding to the functional needs and failing to give focused attention to human factors. In fact, the subject of the current research indicates that, due to the shortage of cultural facilities and healthy urban hangouts, as well as the unacceptable quality of the existing cultural spaces especially the cinemas, the recommended design can be a multifunctional complex and have spaces with official and unofficial sociable spaces. Also, it can make creation and promotion of social interactions possible. The current research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and it is a survey, in terms of method. In addition, it is an applied research in terms of its objective, a quantitative research based on the research data and a field study based on its procedure. In this respect, some human and environmental variables that affect social interactions have been extracted from documents and library studies. Among them,  five of the most important factors were selected as the basis of this research based on the prioritization done by specialized environmental psychologists among faculty members of some of the most well-known and valid universities in Iran. The statistical community of this research is the city of Anzali harbor and places related to active cinemas of the city. Therefore, by specifying the community, sample and tools of the research, the roles played by the selected variables in association with the confirmation and rejection of the research hypotheses were tested. After analyzing the data using SPSS software, the selected variables were prioritized as follows: capabilities of the environment, attraction, visual beauty and aesthetic dimensions, natural landscape, view and adjacency, accessibility, continuity and legibility. Then, the most effective solutions for fulfilling the research objectives were developed.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE EM HABITAÇÕES DE INTERESSE SOCIAL DO PROGRAMA MINHA CASA MINHA VIDA EM RANCHO QUEIMADO - SC
Authors: Hoffmann Aniara Bellina , Librelotto Lisiane Ilha
Published: May 2018

Resumo de dissertação de mestrado do Programa de Pós Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
DESIGN E INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Freitas Sydney Fernandes de , Werner Patrícia Borba
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta o Design como uma tecnologia e, a partir dessa premissa, tem como objetivo relacioná-lo com o processo de inovação. Para tanto, introduz alguns conceitos e definições de inovação, bem como sua taxonomia. Primeiramente, a inovação tecnológica é abordada, por ter relação direta com o Design, ciência e tecnologia. Ao longo do texto, outras formas de inovação são apresentadas, como a inovação em serviços, setor que é cada vez mais valorizado por sociedades preocupadas em consumir menos produtos e tornar o meio ambiente mais sustentável. Em paralelo a esse movimento, o Design de serviços ajuda a criar novos serviços ou melhorar os já existentes, de modo a torná-los mais úteis e eficientes para as organizações. É nova área de atuação do Design, holística, multidisciplinar e integradora, que tem como objetivo aparelhar as empresas e o governo com abordagens inovadoras para que elas possam enfrentar os desafios socioeconômicos contemporâneos (MORITZ, 2005). Nesta direção, encontra-se também a inovação social, que quando associada ao Design visa proporcionar um novo caminho para a sustentabilidade. São atividades e serviços inovadores que tem o objetivo de atender necessidades sociais. Em geral, são desenvolvidas e difundidas por meio de organizações com fins predominantemente sociais. O presente trabalho pretende, portanto, reunir os conceitos, definições e exemplos de inovação social, a fim de estabelecer as bases para sua relação com as áreas de Design e Sustentabilidade.
A SIMPLIFICAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE PRODUÇÃO EM UMA INDÚSTRIAS AUTOMOBILÍSTICA
Authors: Coelho Carlos Daniel Pinto , Librelotto Lisiane Ilha
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais da dissertação de mestrado profissionalizante sobre o desenvolvimento de um método de análise da padronização de componentes empregados na produção dos vários tipos de modelos de veículos para uma indústria automobilística. O método propositivo objetivou a redução da complexidade nos processos da indústria automobilística, frente à tendência crescente do número de peças similares com a mesma função na composição dos veículos decorrente da variação do mix de produtos pelo design. Para realização da pesquisa foram analisadas diversas situações em que a diferenciação do produto implicou o aumento da complexidade dos processos. Como resultados obteve-se um método para simplificação dos processos e o apontamento dos principais benefícios obtidos com a melhoria.
ENTREVISTA
Authors: Schulte Neide
Published: May 2018

Entrevista
PAPELÃO E ECODESIGN: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM FECHAMENTO VERTICAL
Authors: Caldas Lucas Rosse
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a apresentação e avaliação, conforme princípios de ecodesign, de um protótipo de fechamento vertical utilizando papelão ondulado como matéria prima. O estudo foi realizado a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e registros fotográficos e documentais realizados no segundo semestre de 2017 da disciplina de XXX, da XXX. O projeto e execução do protótipo foi realizado por um grupo de dez alunos, que escolheram o papelão como único material para a confecção do protótipo. Essa escolha surgiu da diretriz de projeto que sugere que os próprios alunos do alojamento consigam com facilidade, encontrar o papelão e montar o fechamento vertical. Ao final, os seguintes princípios de ecodesign foram avaliados no protótipo produzido: (1) facilidade de obtenção dos materiais, (2) utilização de resíduos reaproveitados, (3) baixo custo, (4) solução pensada x problema existente, (5) facilidade de montagem e desmontagem, (6) facilidade de transporte, (7) capacidade de reciclagem ao final da vida útil do sistema e (8) durabilidade.   Conclui-se que é possível produzir um fechamento vertical mais sustentável utilizando somente papelão, se todos os princípios de ecodesign apresentados forem pensados ainda na fase de projeto.
Wolf Canis lupus predation on moose Alces alces and roe deer Capreolus capreolus in south‐central Scandinavia
Authors: Olsson Olof , Wirtberg Jan , Andersson Marianne , Wirtberg Ingrid
Published: May 2018

During 1988–1992, 684 scats were collected throughout the year in the territory of the only reproducing family group (mean five individuals) of wolves Canis lupus in Scandinavia. Moose Alces alces, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, and badger Meles meles constituted the three most important prey species, and hair from them was found in 52%, 50%, and 19% of scats, respectively. When compensating for different area/volume ratios in prey species of different size, these three species were estimated to constitute 97% of the biomass ingested. The proportions of moose, roe deer, and badger were 66%, 27%, and 8% by mass, and 25%, 52%, and 23% by number, respectively. Young‐of‐the‐year dominated two samples of dead moose (51% of 65 killed by wolves; 43% of 155 killed by hunters), but no significant differences between the samples were found in any age class. Wolves killed significantly more female moose (76%) than hunters (53%), and among wolf‐predated moose, no male was older than two years. Mean winter density of moose and roe deer in the wolf territory (523 km2), estimated by fecal pellet group counts, was 1.5 moose and 0.4 roe deer/km2. Moose density decreased slightly at the end of the study, but it was estimated that wolves killed only about 5% of the moose population each year and that this could be compensated for by a decrease of about 10–20% in the hunter kill. In spite of a high predation pressure from wolves, in addition to predation from an increasing lynx Lynx lynx population, the density of roe deer increased threefold. It is concluded that the future predation pressure on moose may be more pronounced if the density of wolves increases, and roe deer may be more affected by predation when the present favourable ecological conditions cease.
Effects of snow depth on food and habitat selection by roe deerCapreolus capreolusalong an altitudinal gradient in south‐central Norway
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Bjørnsen Bjørn Helge , Østbye Eivind
Published: May 2018

Roe deerCapreolus capreolusfood and feeding habitat selection was studied by snow tracking on transects along an altitudinal gradient in Flatdal, the county of Telemark, south‐central Norway, during winter 1979/80. The main food was bilberryVaccinium myrtillus(36.8%), rowanSorbus aucuparia(24.4%) and arboreal lichensAlectoria sarmentosa, Bryoniaspp.,Hypogymnia physodes, Usneaspp. (17.4%), which were also the only preferred food plants. The amount of food removed from the field layer was stable through the winter. Roe deer used the lower part of the study area most heavily. At lower altitudes, older mature stands and edges between medium‐aged stands and clear‐cuts/plantations were preferred, pole‐sized stands and edges between older mature stands and clear‐cuts/plantations were used as expected from their availabilities, whereas medium‐aged stands, clear‐cuts and young plantations were avoided. That snow depth was an important factor determining habitat use by roe deer was evident in three ways: 1) use of areas at higher elevations decreased as winter progressed, 2) use of mature forest stands increased from early to late winter relative to open habitats, and 3) use of mature forest stands was more extensive at higher than at lower elevations compared to open habitats.
Wintering waterfowl community structure and the characteristics of gravel pit lakes
Authors: Bell Michael C. , Delany Simon N. , Millett Matthew C. , Pollitt Mark S.
Published: May 2018

Wintering waterfowl community structure and their association with lake characteristics were studied in the Cotswold Water Park, a complex of more than 120 gravel pit lakes in southern England. The major distinction in community types was between assemblages dominated by diving waterfowl and those dominated by dabbling waterfowl. The trophic status of lakes was found to be a major determinant of community structure: young lakes in the early stages of a natural process of eutrophication tended to support the most diverse assemblages of diving waterfowl. The abundance of individual species was strongly related to lake size and assemblage type. Some effects of food supply and the recreational use of lakes were also apparent. The relevance of the findings for the sustainable value of the lakes for wintering waterfowl is discussed.
Winter habitat use of American martensMartes americanawithin second‐growth forest in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Bowman Jeffrey C. , Robitaille Jean‐François
Published: May 2018

A combination of discriminant function analysis and multiple regression was used to develop a linear model of American martenMartes americanawinter habitat use within second‐growth boreal forest in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Four structural variables significantly discriminated between sites that were used or not used by martens: the percentage of spruce or fir trees, tree height, the number of downed logs, and canopy closure. The model was tested against a second data set and was not invalidated. The results demonstrated that martens were using second‐growth forests in Ontario, and that their response to structural characteristics was similar to responses described previously in uncut forests.