bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Kunci Pintu Otomatis Kelas Perkuliahan Berbasis Android Terintegrasi Sistem Informasi Akademik
Authors: HERIANSYAH HERIANSYAH , R RAHMAN ECKY , S DIANA ANGGRAENI , ISTIQPHARA SWADEXI
Published: July 2021

AbstrakKunci pintu otomatis menawarkan kemudahan untuk mengakses ruangan dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Pada penelitian ini sistem kunci pintu otomatis menggunakan QR code dari aplikasi Pocket ITERA yang berbasis Android yang terintegrasi dengan Sistem Informasi Akademik (Siakad). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur mengenai kunci pintu otomatis, eksplorasi, dan spesifikasi alat. Adapun metode analisisnya yaitu analisis kebutuhan dan analisis operasional hardware dan software. Hasil implementasi rancangan menghasilkan sebuah perangkat kunci pintu otomatis berbasis IoT dan dapat dibuka dengan aplikasi Pocket ITERA di mana keduanya berkomunikasi secara realtime dengan database Siakad. Sistem ini berhasil dijalankan dengan baik sehingga pemanfaatan ruang kelas menjadi optimal dan berjalan sesuai jadwal yang telah ditentukan.Kata kunci: Android, Kunci Pintu Otomatis, QR Code, Sistem InformasiABSTRACTAutomatic door locks offer convenience to access the room in a more effective and efficient way compared to conventional methods. In this study, an automatic door lock system using a QR code from the Pocket ITERA application based on Android that is integrated with the Academic Information System (Siakad). The research method used is the study of literature on automatic door locks, exploration, and determining tool specifications. The methods of analysis are need and operational analysis of hardware & software. The results of the design implementation produce an IoT-based automatic door lock device and can be opened with the Pocket ITERA application where both communicate in real time with the Siakad database. Furthermore, this system successfully implemented, hence the utilization of the classrooms became optimal and runs according to a predetermined schedule.Keywords: Automatic Door Lock, Android, IoT, QR code, Infromation System
Evaluasi Kinerja Testbed Routing Protocol berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266 pada Perangkat IoT
Authors: HERIANSYAH HERIANSYAH , NOPRIANSYAH AHMAD REYNALDI , ISTIQPHARA SWADEXI
Published: July 2021

AbstrakJaringan Ad hoc pada perangkat Internet of Things (IoT) mempunyai sifat yang yang dinamis dengan node pada jaringan yang berperan sebagai router dan bergerak bebas secara random tanpa bantuan infrasturktur komunikasi sehingga topologi berubah sangat cepat seiring dengan perubahan posisi. Perubahan ini sangat mempengaruhi kualitas layanan pada perangkat IoT itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi protocol routing yang sudah ada dengan cara mengimplementasikan routing protocol tersebut di perangkat testbed berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memilih protocol routing yang paling optimal sebelum proses implementasi dilaksanakan. Pengujian ini berlaku untuk routing protocol yang sudah ada maupun yang baru. Kinerja protocol jaringan  diukur melalui nilai  Quality of Service (QoS) ditempatkan pada scenario berbeda yang terdiri dari throughput, delay, jitter, dan packet delivery ratio sesuai dengan perbedaan beban jaringan, mobilitas, dan ukuran jaringan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa testbed  yang dibangun berhasil mensimulasikan routing protocol yang ada untuk menghasilkan QoS yang baik pada perangkat IoT.Kata kunci: IoT, routing protocol, testbed, QoS.AbstractAd hoc networks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices have dynamic characteristics where the nodes on this network can operate as routers and move freely randomly without using any communication infrastructure so that the topology changes very quickly along with changes in position. This adjustment has a significant impact on the IoT device's service quality. This study aims to evaluate the existing routing protocols by implementing the routing protocol in a testbed based on NodeMCU ESP8266. It aims to choose the most optimal routing protocol before the implementation process is carried out. This test applies to both existing and new routing protocols. Network protocol performance is measured by the Quality of Service (QoS) value which includes throughput, delay, jitter, and packet delivery ratio in different scenarios based on network load, mobility, and different network sizes. The results show that this study was successful in simulating routing protocol in order to provide good QoS on IoT devices.Keywords: IoT, routing protocol, testbed, QoS.
Distance Learning Training with Google Classrom at SMAN 1 Sibabangun Regency Central Tapanuli
Authors: Dongoran Jhonas , Sianturi Bronika Septiani , - Zulmawati
Published: July 2021

In distance learning, the role of technology is needed to be able to connect with one another. One of the learning media that can be used for distance learning is Google Classroom. Mastery of technology and information for teachers at SMAN 1 Sibabangun, Central Tapanuli Regency is very necessary in this distance learning. The effort that must be made by a teacher in providing distance learning is to create media such as Google Classroom. Through Google Classroom, teachers can create classes for teaching and learning activities and students can take classes. In this training, teachers can give assignments, provide assessments of student assignments, import learning materials, and also make quizzes for students. The result of the service carried out is that the teacher is able to make learning media using google classroom so that distance learning can run more effectively. With the dedication that is carried out, it can realize the vision and mission of the SMAN 1 Sibabangun school, Central Tapanuli Regency. The results of the questionnaire from this community service activity are very good at 42.94%, good at 48.89%, enough at 7.6%, less at 0.55%, and very poor at 0.01%.
Conical flower cells reduce surface gloss and improve colour signal integrity for free-flying bumblebees
Authors: Wilmsen Sakkia , Dyer Adrian G , Lunau Klaus
Published: July 2021

Colour signals of flowers facilitate detection, spontaneous preference, discrimination and flower constancy by important bee pollinators. At short distances bees orient to floral colour patterns to find a landing platform and collect nutrition, potentially improving the plants’ reproductive success when multiple flowers are visited sequentially. In addition to pigments and backscattering structures within the petals’ internal layers, the epidermal micro-structure of the petals’ surface may also influence petal reflectance properties and thus influence overall colour patterns via optical effects. Gloss, i.e., shine caused by specular reflections of incident light from smooth surfaces, may for example alter the visual appearance of surfaces including flowers. We classify the epidermal surface properties of petals from 39 species of flowering plants from 19 families by means of a cell shape index, and measure the respective surface spectral reflectance from different angles. The spontaneous behavioural preferences of free flying bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) for surfaces with different micro-textures was then tested using specially prepared casts of selected flower petals. We specifically tested how the petal colour as function of the angle of incident light, surface structure and bee approach angle influences bumblebees’ spontaneous choices for artificial flowers. We observe that bumblebees spontaneously prefer artificial flowers with conical-papillate micro-structures under both multidirectional illumination and under spotlight conditions if approaching against the direction of spotlight, suggesting conical cells help promote constant signals by removing gloss that may confound the integrity of colour signalling.
Escaped oilseed rape: Occurrence in the agricultural landscape and potential pollen-mediated gene flow from crop oilseed rape
Authors: D'Hertefeldt Tina , Anderberg Haglund Catarina , Malm Jessica , Lankinen Åsa
Published: July 2021

To assess the role of feral oilseed rape (OSR) plants as resources for pollinators and avenues for gene flow, we compared occurrence of feral populations in standardized agricultural landscapes, using a landscape ecological approach. The occurrence of feral and volunteer populations was investigated in relation to differences in road length and width, number of OSR fields, and landscape scale. The potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from crop to feral oilseed rape was investigated with fluorescent dye in a field experiment. Moreover, greenhouse estimates of pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth rate were performed to get an indication of siring success in crop and feral plants. Escaped OSR occurred in 14 out of the 16 investigated landscapes, and feral populations were more common alongside large roads than small roads in large-scale landscapes. The number of plants in a habitat ranged from 1-160 individuals, with 1-19 habitats per landscape. In the field experiment with fluorescent dye, no transfer of dye was detected during early flowering in May. At the end of the flowering period in June, transfer of dye was found in 71.4% of the feral plants, showing that significant transfer, most likely by pollinators, occurred from the field to the feral plants. There was no difference in pollen germination rate between crop and feral plants. Pollen tube growth rate was significantly higher in feral oilseed rape than in the crop (P < 0.001). Our results contribute to increased understanding of i) the utilization of feral populations by pollinators in an intensively farmed agricultural landscape, and ii) crop-feral gene flow within OSR.
Temperature sensitive effects of the neonicotinoid clothianidin on bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) foraging behaviour
Authors: Kolano Pawel Jan , Røyset Aarønes Malin , Borgå Katrine , Nielsen Anders
Published: July 2021

Pollinating insects are an inherent part of most terrestrial ecosystems as they provide a crucial service for most angiosperms, including numerous important crops. A decrease in pollinator populations can therefore have severe consequences for both natural ecosystems and agricultural yields. Pesticide usage has been pointed out as one of the drivers behind pollinator declines. Globally, neonicotinoids are one of the most commonly used insecticides and studies have shown that exposure at sub-lethal levels can alter foraging behaviour, ultimately negatively affecting survival.Using a custom-made bumblebee colony monitoring system, we examined how the number and duration of foraging bouts of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) on an individual level, and hive growth rate, was affected by exposure to low (6.5 µg/L) and high (10.6 µg/L) sub-lethal concentrations of the neonicotinoid clothianidin via nectar. We also examined possible interaction between clothianidin exposure and abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation), and its impact on foraging bout number and duration.Exposure to sublethal concentrations of clothianidin increased foraging bout duration in bumblebees. Furthermore, the foraging bout duration decreased with increasing temperature at both exposure concentrations, whereas the unexposed control group was not affected by temperature. Neither number of foraging bouts nor the daily rhythm of foraging bout duration was affected by clothianidin exposure or temperature. The foraging bout duration decreased with increasing precipitation in both exposed and non-exposed groups. However, we did not find any interaction between precipitation and exposure, suggesting that precipitation does not affect toxicity.Our study shows the importance of semi-natural experiments and accounting for ambient factors when assessing the risk that pesticide exposure may present to pollinators. We conclude that the effect of clothianidin exposure on bumblebee foraging behaviour is temperature sensitive and that local climatic conditions and future climate change scenarios should be considered in risk assessments of clothianidin and other insecticides.
Editorial: How worthwhile are pollination networks?
Authors: Thomson James
Published: July 2021

An occupational hazard for editors is the powerful temptation to editorialize. In pondering a possible contribution to the SCAPE Special Issue, I decided to indulge that temptation by expanding part of with my plenary address to SCAPE 2018 at Abisko into a personal comment expressing scepticism about the practice of constructing pollination networks. At that time, and on various occasions since, some colleagues suggested that publishing my perspective might help foster a useful conversation.
LA REPÚBLICA DE NICOLÁS MAQUIAVELO. GOBIERNO, ESTADO Y PODER, A LA LUZ DE SUS OBRAS∞
Authors: CAMPOS BENAVIDES Jhon
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se refiere a la vida y obra de Nicolás Maquiavelo, su contexto histórico y su ejercicio del poder como asesor y consejero político, así como sus pensamientos filosóficos sobre Estado y gobierno, ciudadanía y virtudes cívicas, sus obras más relevantes: El Príncipe y los Diálogos, así como su visión antropológica y sociológica del Renacimiento; lo que lo lleva a crear una nueva concepción de República en la Florencia del siglo XV. Esta nueva visión que, si bien está basada e inspirada en los filósofos de la Antigüedad, también tiene impresa su profunda convicción respecto a las virtudes ciudadanas que deben tener tanto el Príncipe como los gobernados y el ejercicio práctico del poder, así mismo su concepción de un Estado autónomo y al margen de influencias externas, dando pie así a las concepciones actuales de hacer una mejor y nuevo tipo de República.
MIGRACIÓN, INGRESOS ILEGALES Y CONTROL FRONTERIZO EN LA MACROZONA NORTE DE CHILE∞
Authors: BRAVO ACEVEDO* GUILLERMO
Published: July 2021

El análisis de los movimientos de población que se relacionan con los conceptos de frontera, límites y control de fronteras constituye el marco teórico de este artículo. En esta perspectiva, se exponen las políticas de control migratorio que aplica Chile cuando extranjeros solicitan cruzar las fronteras de la macrozona norte del país para radicarse enel territorio nacional. Adicionalmente, se describen las situaciones que han presentado los ingresos ilegales, por la vía de la trata de personas y el tráfico de migrantes..
Predicted dominance of variant Delta of SARS-CoV-2 before Tokyo Olympic Games, Japan, July 2021
Authors: Ito Kimihito , Piantham Chayada , Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Using numbers of SARS-CoV-2 variants detected in Japan as at 13 June 2021, relative instantaneous reproduction numbers (RRI) of the R.1, Alpha, and Delta variants with respect to other strains circulating in Japan were estimated at 1.25, 1.44, and 1.95. Depending on the assumed serial interval distributions, RRI varies from 1.20–1.32 for R.1, 1.34–1.58 for Alpha, and 1.70–2.30 for Delta. The frequency of Delta is expected to take over Alpha in Japan before 23 July 2021.
An outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in a care home after partial vaccination with a single dose of the COVID-19 vaccine Vaxzevria, London, England, April 2021
Authors: Williams Sarah V , Vusirikala Amoolya , Ladhani Shamez N , Fernandez Ruiz De Olano Elena , Iyanger Nalini , Aiano Felicity , Stoker Kelly , Gopal Rao Guduru , John Laurence , Patel Bharat , Andrews Nick , Dabrera Gavin , Ramsay Mary , Brown Kevin E , Lopez Bernal Jamie , Saliba Vanessa
Published: July 2021

We investigated a COVID-19 outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in a London care home, where 8/21 residents and 14/21 staff had received a single dose of Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1-S; AstraZeneca) vaccine. We identified 24 SARS-CoV-2 infections (16 residents, 8 staff) among 40 individuals (19 residents, 21 staff); four (3 residents, 1 staff) were hospitalised, and none died. The attack rate after one vaccine dose was 35.7% (5/14) for staff and 81.3% (13/16) for residents.
The effect of audit opinions, implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of state losses on corruption levels in the ministries and institutions of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Budiman Muhamad Agung , Amyar Firdaus
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of corruption in Indonesia is increasing every year. This fact has further undermined public confidence to strengthen governance and is a critical barrier to national development. This study aims to empirically examine the individual and combined impact of audit opinions, the implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of state losses by the Indonesian Supreme Audit Board (BPK) on the prevalence of corruption in ministries and institutions in the Republic of Indonesia. Using multiple linear regression analysis, this study used a purposive sampling method and investigated 72 ministries using secondary data from 2014 to 2017 obtained from BPK and the Corruption Eradication Commission of the Republic of Indonesia (KPK). This study indicates that audit opinions and the implementation of audit recommendations do not affect corruption in Indonesian ministries and institutions. In contrast, findings of state losses do have an influence. The combination of audit opinions, implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of simultaneous state losses do not affect corruption cases in Indonesian ministries and institutions. BPK can use the results of this study to formulate approaches and recommendations for auditing government financial reports that have a strong correlation with corruption eradication. Moreover, KPK needs to be more vigorous in its efforts to eradicate corruption, including establishing closer cooperation with BPK because the results of this research show that findings of state losses by BPK are closely related to corruption cases.
Analysis of the RBA implementation and the preparation of an audit program at the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration
Authors: Nugraheni Nur Meilani Tri , Pamungkas Bambang
Published: July 2021

Risk-Based Audit (RBA) is an audit method that applies a risk approach in its implementation. By applying the RBA method, it is expected that an audit can be performed effectively and efficiently, thus producing maximum audit results. This study aims to analyze the implementation of RBA upon audits conducted by The Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK). Furthermore, this study analyzes the preparation of an Audit Program in line with the previously determined RBA. The research framework uses Agency Theory which emphasizes the relationship between management and principal. To ensure that management does not perform any manipulation, an independent third party must conduct the audit. This study applied a qualitative research methodology with a case study approach at BPK. The author expects to dig deeper into the application and implementation of RBA within BPK by using the case study approach support by audit documents and interviews with BPK Audit Team. The results showed that the implementation, performance, and monitoring of RBA by the BPK Audit Team were in line with the instructions and guidelines set by BPK.
Mapping of budget stress in Indonesia: Consequence on budget implementation
Authors: Tehupuring Ronald
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of a budget deficit in local governments at the provincial, regency, and city levels shows that there is budget stress. Budget stress is a regional fiscal condition reflected in the lower revenue budget, while regional expenditure is getting higher. The consequence of budget stress is low budget implementation, and it reduces the quality of services to the public. This study aims to map the regions experiencing budget stress at the local government levels. Furthermore, this study examines and analyzes the consequences of budgetary stress on budget implementation. The research sample used local governments at the provincial, regency, city levels throughout Indonesia during 2016-2020. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to test the research hypothesis. This study groups the five regions with the highest budget stress during 2016-2020. The results of this study can contribute to the theory, methodology, and implementation related to the budget. The theory's contribution is that the political budget cycle can maintain government performance through various efforts to reduce budget stress. This study also found that budget stress can reduce budget implementation. Therefore, the government needs to pay attention to indicators of budget stress.
Key parameters for landscape evolution and anthropogenisation estimation in the Kamchia River downstream region (Eastern Bulgaria)
Authors: Vergiev Stoyan Ivanov , Filipova-Marinova Mariana , Toneva Daniela , Stankova Todorka , Dimova Diyana , Lesidrenski Krasimir
Published: July 2021

Pollen productivity еstimate (PPE) and relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) are critical parameters for quantitative interpretations of pollen data in palaeolandscape and palaeoecological reconstructions, and for analyses of the landscapes evolution and anthropogenisation as well. In light of this, the present paper endeavours to calculate PPE of key plant taxa and to define the RSAP in the Kamchia River Downstream Region (Eastern Bulgaria) in order to use them in landscape simulations and estimations. For the purposes of this research, a dataset of pollen counts from 10 modern pollen samples together with corresponding vegetation data, measured around each sample point in concentric rings, were collected in 2020. Three submodels of the Extended R-Value (ERV) model were used to relate pollen percentages to vegetation composition. Therewith, in order to create a calibrated model, the plant abundance of each pollen type was weighed by distance in GIS environment. The findings led to the conclusion that most of the tree taxa have PPE higher than 1 (ERV3 submodel). Cichoriceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae have lower PPE.
Gerakan Dakwah Siber di tengah Benturan Ideologi Komunitas Keagamaan
Authors: Jauhari Minan
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini menganalisa gerakan dakwah yang diekspresikan dalam media siber, serta tantangan pelaksanaan dakwah yang harus dilaksanakan ditengah benturan ideologi komunitas keagamaan. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnometodologi, fokus pada analisis percakapan digital yang dipusatkan pada analisis terhadap jejak interaksi dan percakapan dalam merespon narasi-narasi dakwah yang telah diunggah secara terbuka melalui media komunitas siber. Dengan menggunakan konsep  cyberspace dan konsep dakwah dalam memahami realitas keagamaan siber ini, maka studi ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa gerakan dan aktifitas dakwah yang ditampilkan melalui media komunitas  siber adalah sebagai fenomena keagamaan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Studi ini juga melihat pentingnya dakwah siber humanis dengan mempertimbangkan proses dakwah yang ditampilkan dalam media siber ini selain menyerukan kebaikan dan mencegah kemungkaran, juga cenderung menggambarkan terjadinya perselisihan dan benturan ideologi komunitas keagamaan, ditandai dengan banyaknya respon pro dan kontra yang dimunculkan pada setiap pesan dakwah yang diunggah melalui media komunitas keagamaan siber.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Menulis Teks Descriptive Melalui Model Kooperatif Tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) Pada Siswa Kelas X MIA 2 SMAN 2 Rambah Hilir TP 2017/2018
Authors: IKHSAN NUR
Published: July 2021

Dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas belajar siswa. Model pembelajaran kooperatif TTW pada siklus 1 diperoleh hasil aktivitas siswa, untuk indikator Sangat Baik (A) persentasenya 14%, untuk indikator Baik (B) persentasenya 44%, untuk indikator Cukup (C) persentasenya 39%, untuk indikator Kurang (D) persentasenya 3% dan untuk indikator Sangat Kurang (E) persentasenya 0%. Untuk siklus 2 diperoleh hasil aktivitas siswa, indikator Sangat Baik (A) persentasenya 28%, untuk indikator Baik (B) persentasenya 47%, untuk indikator Cukup (C) persentasenya 25%, untuk indikator Kurang (D) persentasenya 0% dan untuk indikator Sangat Kurang (E) persentasenya 0%. Hal ini ditunjukkan adanya perubahan sikap siswa dalam pembelajaran, diantaranya adalah interaksi dan kerja sama antar siswa semakin baik, siswa semakin mempunyai keberanian untuk mengemukakan ide dan pendapat di depan kelas. Pusat pembelajaran tidak lagi pada guru. Siswa dituntut untuk aktif mencari informasi serta harus dapat saling bertukar pikiran. Peningkatan hasil belajar terlihat dari nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa yaitu 67.50 pada siklus 1, kemudian meningkat menjadi 71,50 pada siklus 2. Ketuntasan belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus 1 adalah 77,78%, kemudian pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi 86,11%. Ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal sudah terpenuhi yaitu 85% dari jumlah siswa memperoleh nilai lebih besar atau sama dengan 60.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Masalah Sosial dengan Menggunakan Metode Inkuiri Pada Siswa Kelas III UPTD SD Negeri 06 Sialang Kecamatan Kapur Ix Semester I Tp 2019/2020
Authors: SYAPRIN SYAPRIN
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya kenyataan di lapangan pembelajaran di kelas III Sekolah Dasar (SD) belum menggunakan metode inkuiri, Berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti di UPTD SD Negeri 06 Sialang Kecamatan Kapur IX bahwa guru kelas III SD mengajarkan IPS masih dengan cara yang sama seperti berceramah dengan arti kata pembelajaran terfokus pada guru dan siswa tidak aktif dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan mendapatkan informasi tentang pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan metode Inkuiri untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS yang meliputi(1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan yang terdiri dari kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan akhir, dan (3) hasil belajar.  Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti dan guru. Data penelitian ini berupa informasi tentang data hasil tindakan yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan, hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, tes awal dan tes akhir pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SD terteliti yang berjumlah 18 orang. Setelah data terkumpul data disesuaikan dengan teknik kualitatif. Hasil penelitian Pada pra siklus jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah 22,22% atau hanya 4 siswa saja. Pada siklus I dengan metode inkuiri jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah 10 orang siswa dengan jumlah 55,56% dengan rata-rata 70,83. Hasil belajar siswa sangat meningkat pada siklus II yaitu 18 orang siswa atau 100% yang tuntas mempelajari materi masalah sosial dengan metode inkuiri dengan rata-rata 80,83. Aktivitas guru yang berlangsung pada siklus I diperoleh skor 76 dengan rata-rata 3,45 tergolong dalam kategori baik, sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan skor 90 dan rata-rata 4,09 tergolong dalam kategori sangat baik. Aktivitas siswa selama kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung pada siklus I memperoleh skor 49 dengan rata-rata 2,45 termasuk dalam kategori kurang, sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan skor 70 dan rata-rata 3,50 tergolong dalam katagori sangat baik.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE INTERACTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPLANATIONS IN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH
Authors: Chalyi Serhii , Leshchynskyi Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

Subject: the use of the apparatus of temporal logic and probabilistic approaches to construct an explanation of the results of the work of an intelligent system in order to increase the efficiency of using the solutions and recommendations obtained. Purpose: development of a method for constructing explanations in intelligent systems with the ability to form and evaluate several alternative interpretations of the results of the operation of such a system. Tasks: justification for the use of the black box principle for interactive construction of explanations; development of a pattern explanation model that provides for probabilistic estimation; development of a method of interactive construction of explanations on the basis of the probabilistic approach. Methods: methods of data analysis, methods of system analysis, methods of constructing explanations, models of knowledge representation. Results: A model of the explanation pattern is proposed, which contains temporal regulations reflecting the sequence of user interaction with an intelligent system, which allows the formation of explanations based on a comparison of the actions of the current user and other well-known users. An interactive method for constructing explanations based on a probabilistic approach has been developed; the method uses patterns of user interaction with an intelligent system and contains phases of constructing patterns of explanations and forming explanations using the obtained patterns. The method organizes the received explanations according to the likelihood of use, which makes it possible to form target and alternative explanations for the user. Conclusions: The use of the black box principle for the development of a probabilistic approach to the construction of explanations in intelligent systems has been substantiated. A model of a pattern of explanations based on temporal regulations is proposed. The model reflects the sequence of user interaction with the intelligent system when receiving decisions and recommendations and contains an interaction pattern as part of temporal regulations that have weight, and also determines the likelihood of using the user interaction pattern. An interactive method for constructing explanations has been developed, considering the interaction of the user with the intelligent system. The method includes phases and stages of the formation of regulations and patterns of user interaction with the determination of the probability of their implementation, as well as the ordering of patterns according to the probability of their implementation. The implementation of the method was carried out when constructing explanations for recommender systems.
Investigation of The Effect of Solid Lubricant Particle Sizes on Friction and Wear Properties in Friction Composites: An Experimental Case Study with Graphite
Authors: SUGÖZÜ İlker , SUGÖZÜ Banu
Published: July 2021

Friction composites consist of many materials with various properties. Solid lubricant is one of these materials. The task of the solid lubricant in the compo-site is to protect the counter surfaces against wear and to reduce noise and vibra-tion. Typical solid lubricants used in the friction composite are graphite, antimo-ny trisulfide, molybdenum disulfide, copper sulfide, etc. The selection suitable solid lubricants for better braking performance is an important issue, as solid lubricants may decompose at high temperatures, leading to undesirable results. The particle size of the solid lubricant used is at least as important as itself. In this study, the effect of micro and nanoparticle-sized graphite on friction and wear behavior of friction composites was investigated experimentally. Two brake lining were prepared containing 10 wt.% nanographite and micrographite, were produced by powder metallurgy technique. The brake lining samples have been tested under Friction Assessment and Screening Test (FAST). The frictional and physical properties of the produced samples were determined by appropriate tests. According to the test results obtained, micro and nanoparticle size were compared in many respects and the most ideal size was determined for graphite.
The Methodology of the ‘Russian World’ and ‘Russian Islam:’ New Ideologies of the Post-Socialist Context
Authors: Garaev Danis
Published: July 2021

This article proposes and argues that the birth of concepts “Russian World” and “Russian Islam” – both important to the post-Soviet Russian ideological landscape – occurred not only under the influence of similar ideas and values, but also through the authorship of the same intellectuals: heirs of the Soviet semi-dissident teachings of Georgy Shchedrovitsky. In this article, we study how these two concepts were understood by the supporters of methodological doctrine. The article further substantiates relevance of a post-socialist focus in the study of countries of the former USSR, even when it relates to new religious projects. In addition, this article highlights the importance of the non-Muslim (Soviet and Russian) roots of the development of Islamic institutions in post-Soviet Russia.
FAMA FRENCH BEŞ FAKTÖR VARLIK FİYATLAMA MODELİNİN BORSA İSTANBUL’DA 2006 – 2018 DÖNEMİ İÇİN GEÇERLİLİĞİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ
Authors: ARI Gizem , EREN SARIOĞLU Serra
Published: July 2021

Amaç – Çalışmanın amacı Fama French Beş Faktörlü Varlık Fiyatlama Modelinin Borsa İstanbul’da geçerliliğini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 2006 ve 2018 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul’da sürekli bir şekilde işlem gören hisse senetlerinin risksiz faiz oranı üzerindeki getirileri incelenmiştir.

Yöntem – Çeyreklik hazırlanan veri seti ile hisse senedi getirileri üzerinde etkisi araştırılan bağımsız değişkenler hisse senedi risk primi, piyasa değeri, defter değeri/piyasa değeri oranı, karlılık ve yatırım faktörleridir. Çalışmada ekonometrik analiz yöntemi olarak panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular – Fama ve French (2015) tarafından öne sürülen bulguların aksine piyasa değeri ve yatırım faktörü ile getiriler arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin varlığına rastlanırken, söz konusu ilişki defter değeri/piyasa değeri faktörü için negatif bulunmuştur. Karlılık faktörü ise normalüstü getirileri açıklamada istatistiksel açıdan anlamsız sonuçlar vermiştir.

Sonuç – Hisse senedi risk primi faktörünün hisse senedi getirileri üzerindeki etkisi açısından hala önemini koruduğu görülmektedir. Bulgular, ilgili dönem için Fama French Beş Faktörlü Modelin Borsa İstanbul’da geçerli olduğuna dair yeterli kanıt sunmamaktadır.
Curing the Middle East State System: The Urgent Need to Innovate Strategy for Diplomatic Intervention.
Authors: Fjaertoft Torgeir E.
Published: July 2021

The methodology of this article works with the standard procedure in
diplomatic fact-finding and analyses, abductive reasoning from
confidential conversations. The article follows the standard procedure for drawing on confidential
conversations, Chatham House Rule,
abbreviated CHR. What someone says may be quoted, but
the identity of sources and their affiliated institutions remain confidential.

The author denotes this methodology exploratory conversation, inferring
by active listening. This article presents the author’s research by exploratory
conversations in all four states that form the Middle East state system,
Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, and sources from these states at
various international venues. The conversations span the period from 2011 to
2017.

By this methodology, the researcher may gain insights into the
underlying mental models that form the group identities. In
mental models, language constructs the shared sense of social reality and serve
as repository of vast accumulations of
meaning and experience.
Primera aproximación al estudio de la actividad fisiológica en Quercus suber con alta presencia de Cerambyx welensi Küster
Authors: Sánchez Osorio Israel , López Pantoja Gloria , Tapias Martín Raúl , Pareja Sánchez Evangelina , Domínguez Nevado Luis
Published: July 2021

La incidencia de Cerambyx welensii en Quercus suber es un factor clave en el decaimiento de árboles en las dehesas. Las pautas de selección de hospedantes por C. welensii son poco conocidas; entre otros factores, los volátiles de plantas se consideran claves en la localización de hospedantes en cerambícidos. En el presente trabajo estudiamos algunas características morfológicas de los árboles, así como la variación a corto plazo en la actividad fisiológica en Q. suber con distintos niveles de presencia de adultos de C. welensii. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar si la actividad fisiológica de Q. suber en condiciones de estrés veraniego podría variar entre árboles con distinta preferencia por C. welensii. Se estudiaron 36 Q. suber (18 árboles muy frecuentados por C. welensii; 18 sin avistamientos del insecto), en los cuales se midió la fotosíntesis neta, conductancia estomática y transpiración durante un período previo e incluyendo el inicio de vuelo diario de C. welensii (19:00 – 21:20 h); se analizó además el perímetro y la superficie de proyección de copa de los árboles. Los árboles con C. welensii exhibieron tasas fotosintéticas más altas (1.5–2.15 veces) que los árboles sin avistamientos del insecto entre las 19:35 y las 20:45, así como mayor perímetro y menor cociente superficie de proyección de copa a perímetro. Los resultados sugieren que tanto los ajustes fisiológicos bajo estrés ambiental (influyendo en el patrón de emisión de monoterpenos) como las características morfológicas de los árboles podrían tener un efecto en la selección intraespecífica de hospedantes por C. welensii.
Presencia de defoliadores tempranos de Quercus suber en árboles con distinto perfil de emisión de monoterpenos foliares
Authors: Robles Dossantos Daniel , Sánchez-Osorio Israel , Tapias Martín Raúl
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se estudió la presencia de insectos defoliadores de  hoja  tierna (dentro de los órdenes Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera), en una dehesa de Quercus suber en Huelva (TM Almonte), y su relación con  los perfiles  de  emisión  foliar de monoterpenos de los árboles. Los muestreos consistieron en vareos semanales (15 golpes por árbol y vareo) entre el 28/3/2019 y el 10/5/2019 (comprendiendo el vuelo de las principales especies en la zona estudiada). Se estudiaron 25 alcornoques cuyo perfil de emisión de monoterpenos foliares era conocido previamente (12 con perfil tipo pineno, 13 con perfil tipo limoneno). Se identificaron un total de 272 larvas pertenecientes a 9 especies. Las especies dominantes fueron Catocala nymphagoga (40.8 %) y Periclista andrei (27.6%); junto a ellas se encontraron Bena bicolorana, Syntaurucus pirithous, Drepana uncinula, Archyps xylosteana, Cyclophora punctaria, Satyrium esculi y Lasiocampa trifolii. El 70.6 % de las larvas se encontró en árboles con perfil tipo pineno, y un 29.4 % en árboles de perfil tipo limoneno. La composición en especies resultó diferente entre árboles de distinto perfil emisor. Mientras que L. trifolii y S. pirithous no se encontraron en árboles de perfil limoneno (escasas en tipo pineno), D. uncinula y A. xylosteanus tuvieron abundancia ligeramente mayor para el perfil tipo limoneno. La presencia conjunta de las cuatro especies más relevantes (C. nymphagoga, P. andrei, B. bicolorana y C. punctaria) resultó un 62.7% menor en árboles con perfil tipo limoneno que en árboles de tipo pineno.
Implementing Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Routine Measure in Health Care Settings
Authors: Myers Jonathan , Ross Robert
Published: July 2021

It is well established that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with numerous morbidities independent of age, biological sex, race or ethnicity, and commonly obtained risk factors. More recent evidence also demonstrates that the addition of CRF to multivariable risk prediction algorithms used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk improves risk stratification. However, it is neither feasible nor appropriate to perform an exercise test to quantify CRF during most routine clinical encounters. A growing number of studies have suggested that CRF can be assessed pragmatically and reasonably accurately without performing a maximal exercise test. The concept that CRF can be substantially improved in response to regular exercise consistent with consensus recommendations underscores the recommendation that CRF should be a routine measure—a vital sign—across health care settings. Herein, we provide a brief, narrative overview of the evidence in support of this recommendation.
Jurnal Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT. Kimia Farma (persero) Tbk. Tahun 2006 - 2008
Authors: Nurhalisa Siti
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pentingnya laporan keuangan perusahaan sehingga hasil dari analisis tersebut dapat diketahui kondisi keuangan dan kinerja perusahaan, serta perkembangan usahanya dari tahun ke tahun. Dalam perkembangannya Laporan keuangan bermanfaat bagi pihak intern maupun pihak ekstern. Dalam menganalisis laporan keuangan PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk. Penulis menggunakan teknik/metode analisis rasio keuangan berdasarkan laporan keuangan yang terdiri dari neraca dan laporan laba rugi. Analisis rasio meliputi rasio likuiditas, aktivitas dan profitabilitas. Hasil analisis rasio likuiditas menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan semakin likuid, hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar hutang lancarnya semakin besar. Dilihatdari rasio aktivitas juga menunjukkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang dapat dikatakan efektif. Meskipun rasio-rasio tersebut mengalami penurunan, tetapi kinerja PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk. Selama tiga tahun terakhir baik, sedangkan dilihat dari rasio profitabilitas, perusahaan sudah mampu menghasilkan laba dari tahun ke tahun
Trends in Pediatric Palliative Care Research (TPPCR) 2021; Issue #5: Commentary on Parsons & Darlington
Authors: Lee Laurie A.
Published: July 2021

This TPPCR commentary discusses the 2021 paper by Parsons & Darlington, “Parents' perspectives on conflict in paediatric healthcare: a scoping review” published in Archives of Disease in Childhood.
Hanging out with the wrong crowd? The role of unstructured socializing in adolescents' specialization in delinquency and substance use
Authors: Hoeben Eveline , Osgood Wayne , Siennick Sonja , Weerman Frank
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Despite abundant attention to offending specialization in criminology, scholars have only recently started to explore opportunity-driven explanations for within-individual patterns of specialization. The current study examines whether unstructured socializing with specific friends can explain within-individual changes in adolescents’ degree of specialization in delinquency and substance use. Methods: Data were derived from the PROSPER Peers Project, a longitudinal study consisting of five waves of data on 11,183 adolescents (aged 10 to 17). The data include self-reports about engagement in delinquency and substance use, sociometric information, and information on the time respondents reported spending in unstructured socializing with their nominated friends. Hypotheses were tested with negative binomial and binomial logit multilevel models. Results: The findings indicate that involvement in unstructured socializing with friends who steal, vandalize, commit violence, use alcohol, use cigarettes, or use drugs enhances adolescents’ risks for engagement in those respective behaviors. Such activity affects adolescents’ quantitative engagement as well as their level of specialization in these behaviors.Conclusions: The study indicates that routine activity—in particular involvement in unstructured socializing—explains within-individual changes in deviance specialization among adolescents. Thus, exposure to opportunities can explain why adolescents specialize in certain types of delinquency and substance use in one time-period, and in other types of behavior in other time-periods. This adds a proximate explanation for this phenomenon to other explanations that focus on local life circumstances and peer group affiliation.
The Disparity in Transit Travel Time between Koreans and Japanese in 1930s Colonial Seoul
Authors: Kim Youngjoon , Lee Jinhyung , Kim Junghwan , Nakajima Naoto
Published: July 2021

Transportation is a key element to understanding the socio-spatial structure of colonial cities and the lives of individuals living under colonial governance. This study investigates the disparity in transit-based travel time between colonial rulers (Japanese) and subjects (Koreans) in Colonial Seoul (Keijo) in 1936 using modern GIS and open-source transport analysis tools. Findings suggest a significant disparity in travel time to a major urban facility (i.e., City Hall) between the two population groups of the largest colonial city in the Korean peninsula.
Moral rigidity evolved to strengthen bonds within groups, in contexts of intergroup conflict
Authors: Marie Antoine
Published: July 2021

[Processes of moral rigidity may] hit two birds with one stone:motivating costly commitment and self-defense at the same time, withparsimony, simply by absolutizing one impartial rule of conduct per domain (e.g.“You shalt be loyal to your comrades”), and without any conscious reason fordoing so. Article published at: https://thisviewoflife.com/moral-rigidity-evolved-to-strengthen-bonds-within-groups/
The Transformation Problem of Values into Prices of Production: Marx Errors or an Inattentive Reading of 'Capital'?
Authors: Kalyuzhnyi Valeriy
Published: July 2021

The author presents in this paper the results of an analysis of Marx's theory of the original transformation of the values of commodities into prices of production. In a fragmented form, we find elements of this theory in Capital and other works of Marx. The author has highlighted the reconstruction of the table in Chapter 9 of Volume III of Capital by restoring the re-counting of profits and wages in it by adding to each particular sphere sector A, in which they produce the means of production. This reconstruction, first, made it possible to clarify the economic meaning of the two macroeconomic equations used by Marx in the transformation.Secondly, it allowed us to reconstruct the continuous mechanism of the original transformation of values into prices. This mechanism consists of two stages: the first stage is the formation of average rates of profit in separate spheres of production, consisting of two sectors of production: A (producing the means of production) and B (output of the final product). At the second stage, the general rate of profit is formed for sectors B. This process continues continuously and sets the same rate of profit in all sectors of the economy, A and B. Based on this concept of Marx, the author proposed new iterative algorithms for calculating original and equilibrium prices of production. These algorithms are implemented in Excel and tested with Wolfram Mathematica software. The author also proposed a method of inverse transformation of equilibrium production prices of commodities into their initial absolute values.
I Know You Know I’m Signaling: Novel gestures are designed to guide observers’ inferences about communicative goals
Authors: Royka Amanda , Schouwstra Marieke , Kirby Simon , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: July 2021

For a gesture to be successful, observers must recognize its communicative purpose. Are communicators sensitive to this problem and do they try to ease their observer’s inferential burden? We propose that people shape their gestures to help observers easily infer that their movements are meant to communicate. Using computational models of recursive goal inference, we show that this hypothesis predicts that gestures ought to reveal that the movement is inconsistent with the space of non-communicative goals in the environment. In two gesture-design experiments, we find that people spontaneously shape communicative movements in response to the distribution of potential instrumental goals, ensuring that the movement can be easily differentiated from instrumental action. Our results show that people are sensitive to the inferential demands that observers face. As a result, people actively work to help ensure that the goal of their communicative movement is understood.