bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PMF-seq: a highly scalable screening strategy for linking genetics to mitochondrial bioenergetics
Authors: To Tsz-Leung , McCoy Jason G. , Ostriker Naomi K. , Sandler Lev S. , Mannella Carmen A. , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: February 2024

Our current understanding of mitochondrial organelle physiology has benefited from two broad approaches: classically, cuvette-based measurements with suspensions of isolated mitochondria, in which bioenergetic parameters are monitored acutely in response to respiratory chain substrates and inhibitors1–4, and more recently, highly scalable genetic screens for fitness phenotypes associated with coarse-grained properties of the mitochondrial state5–10. Here we introduce permeabilized-cell mitochondrial function sequencing (PMF-seq) to combine strengths of these two approaches to connect genes to detailed bioenergetic phenotypes. In PMF-seq, the plasma membranes within a pool of CRISPR mutagenized cells are gently permeabilized under conditions that preserve mitochondrial physiology, where detailed bioenergetics can be probed in the same way as with isolated organelles. Cells with desired bioenergetic parameters are selected optically using flow cytometry and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Using PMF-seq, we recover genes differentially required for mitochondrial respiratory chain branching and reversibility. We demonstrate that human d-lactate dehydrogenase specifically conveys electrons from d-lactate into cytochrome c to support mitochondrial membrane polarization. Finally, we screen for genetic modifiers of tBID, a pro-apoptotic protein that acts directly and acutely on mitochondria. We find the loss of the complex V assembly factor ATPAF2 acts as a genetic sensitizer of tBID’s acute action. We anticipate that PMF-seq will be valuable for defining genes critical to the physiology of mitochondria and other organelles.
Targeting PRMT9-mediated arginine methylation suppresses cancer stem cell maintenance and elicits cGAS-mediated anticancer immunity
Authors: Dong Haojie , He Xin , Zhang Lei , Chen Wei , Lin Yi-Chun , Liu Song-Bai , Wang Huafeng , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Li Min , Zhu Yinghui , Zhao Dandan , Ghoda Lucy , Serody Jonathan , Vincent Benjamin , Luznik Leo , Gojo Ivana , Zeidner Joshua , Su Rui , Chen Jianjun , Sharma Ritin , Pirrotte Patrick , Wu Xiwei , Hu Weidong , Han Weidong , Shen Binghui , Kuo Ya-Huei , Jin Jie , Salhotra Amandeep , Wang Jeffrey , Marcucci Guido , Luo Yun Lyna , Li Ling
Published: February 2024

Current anticancer therapies cannot eliminate all cancer cells, which hijack normal arginine methylation as a means to promote their maintenance via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that targeting protein arginine N-methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9), whose activities are elevated in blasts and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), eliminates disease via cancer-intrinsic mechanisms and cancer-extrinsic type I interferon (IFN)-associated immunity. PRMT9 ablation in AML cells decreased the arginine methylation of regulators of RNA translation and the DNA damage response, suppressing cell survival. Notably, PRMT9 inhibition promoted DNA damage and activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, which underlies the type I IFN response. Genetically activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in AML cells blocked leukemogenesis. We also report synergy of a PRMT9 inhibitor with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 in eradicating AML. Overall, we conclude that PRMT9 functions in survival and immune evasion of both LSCs and non-LSCs; targeting PRMT9 may represent a potential anticancer strategy.
Inhibition of S6K lowers age-related inflammation and increases lifespan through the endolysosomal system
Authors: Zhang Pingze , Catterson James H. , Grönke Sebastian , Partridge Linda
Published: February 2024

Suppression of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) by rapamycin ameliorates aging in diverse species. S6 kinase (S6K) is an essential mediator, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that activation of S6K specifically in Drosophila fat-body blocked extension of lifespan by rapamycin, induced accumulation of multilamellar lysosomes and blocked age-associated hyperactivation of the NF-κB-like immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, indicative of reduced inflammaging. Syntaxin 13 mediated the effects of TORC1–S6K signaling on lysosome morphology and inflammaging, suggesting they may be linked. Inflammaging depended on the IMD receptor regulatory isoform PGRP-LC, and repression of the IMD pathway from midlife extended lifespan. Age-related inflammaging was higher in females than in males and was not lowered in males by rapamycin treatment or lowered S6K. Rapamycin treatment also elevated Syntaxin 12/13 levels in mouse liver and prevented age-related increase in noncanonical NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the effect of TORC1 on inflammaging is conserved from flies to mammals.
Hyperfunction of post-synaptic density protein 95 promotes seizure response in early-stage aβ pathology
Authors: Yook Yeeun , Lee Kwan Young , Kim Eunyoung , Lizarazo Simon , Yu Xinzhu , Tsai Nien-Pei
Published: February 2024

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) can lead to the formation of aggregates that contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite globally reduced neural activity during AD onset, recent studies have suggested that Aβ induces hyperexcitability and seizure-like activity during the early stages of the disease that ultimately exacerbate cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we reveal an Aβ-induced elevation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons in vitro and in an in vivo AD model using APP/PS1 mice at 8 weeks of age. Elevation of PSD-95 occurs as a result of reduced ubiquitination caused by Akt-dependent phosphorylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase murine-double-minute 2 (Mdm2). The elevation of PSD-95 is consistent with the facilitation of excitatory synapses and the surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors induced by Aβ. Inhibition of PSD-95 corrects these Aβ-induced synaptic defects and reduces seizure activity in APP/PS1 mice. Our results demonstrate a mechanism underlying elevated seizure activity during early-stage Aβ pathology and suggest that PSD-95 could be an early biomarker and novel therapeutic target for AD.
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) promotes mRNA localization to stress granules
Authors: Kudrin Pavel , Singh Ankita , Meierhofer David , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Ørom Ulf Andersson Vang
Published: February 2024

Stress granules are an integral part of the stress response that are formed from non-translating mRNAs aggregated with proteins. While much is known about stress granules, the factors that drive their mRNA localization are incompletely described. Modification of mRNA can alter the properties of the nucleobases and affect processes such as translation, splicing and localization of individual transcripts. Here, we show that the RNA modification N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) on mRNA associates with transcripts enriched in stress granules and that stress granule localized transcripts with ac4C are specifically translationally regulated. We also show that ac4C on mRNA can mediate localization of the protein NOP58 to stress granules. Our results suggest that acetylation of mRNA regulates localization of both stress-sensitive transcripts and RNA-binding proteins to stress granules and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for stress granule formation.
Development of a continuous melt reactor for an acid-mediated decarboxylation
Authors: Brezicki Gordon , Maier Josef M. , Chesterman Julian P. , Bux Saad , Herrera Brenden T. , Van Dyke Eric , Niswander Wesley , Saxon Jacob , Rogers Luke , McQuade D. Tyler
Published: February 2024

Solvent free minimizes difficult to purge impurity continuous flow via stacked plate reactor.
Rational design of CT-coupled J-aggregation platform based on Aza-BODIPY for highly efficient phototherapy
Authors: Wu Shengmei , Zhang Wenze , Li Chaoran , Ni Zhigang , Chen Weifeng , Gai Lizhi , Tian Jiangwei , Guo Zijian , Lu Hua
Published: February 2024

We present the first D–A–D aza-BODIPY scaffold to construct CT-coupled J-aggregates, which show promising results for highly efficient phototherapy.
Customizing catalyst surface/interface structures for electrochemical CO2reduction
Authors: Tan Xin , Zhu Haojie , He Chang , Zhuang Zewen , Sun Kaian , Zhang Chao , Chen Chen
Published: February 2024

This review article summarizes the recent progress in customizing the surface/interface structures for CO2RR electrocatalysts (including atomic-site catalysts, metal catalysts, and metal/oxide catalysts).
Versatile, in-line optical oxygen tension sensors for continuous monitoring during ex vivo kidney perfusion
Authors: Roussakis Emmanuel , Cascales Juan Pedro , Yoeli Dor , Cralley Alexis , Goss Avery , Wiatrowski Anna , Carvalho Maia , Moore Hunter B. , Moore Ernest E. , Huang Christene A. , Evans Conor L.
Published: February 2024

We report an optical oxygenation sensor technology comprising flow cell elements paired with electronic readout devices. Successful implementation in inflow and outflow oxygenation monitoring during ex vivo kidney perfusion is demonstrated.
Dehydration kinetics of the synthesis of high-nickel cathode materials used in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jeon Jaeyoung , Kim Minuk , Hwang Min Young , Yang Choongmo , Hong Jongsup
Published: February 2024

Kinetics of dehydration reactions of cathode precursors such as lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O) and transition metal hydroxide (NixCoyMnz(OH)2) are identified and modeled using a random pore model (RPM) method.
A platinum-based photothermal polymer with intermolecular/ligand-to-ligand charge transfer for efficient and sustainable solar-powered desalination
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ivan Md. Nahian Al Subri , Sun Yingjie , Li Zikang , Saha Shuvra , Ahmed Safayet , Liu Huiying , Wang Yidi , Hong Tsang Yuen , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: February 2024

A platinum-based organometallic polymer is developed with a broad absorption spectrum and high photo-to-thermal conversion capability, which can be used to fabricate a solar evaporator for seawater desalination with high operational stability.
Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Africa – progress, challenges, and recommendations after 20 years
Authors: Akinrinade Olumide Emmanuel , Agunbiade Foluso O. , Alani Rose , Ayejuyo Olusegun O.
Published: February 2024

The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants is an effective global instrument for the eradication of hazardous chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment.
Growth of emergent simple pseudo-binary ferroelectrics and their potential in neuromorphic computing devices
Authors: Jayakrishnan Ampattu R. , Kim Ji S. , Hellenbrand Markus , Marques Luís S. , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Silva José P. B.
Published: February 2024

Ferroelectric memory devices such as ferroelectric memristors, ferroelectric tunnel junctions, and field-effect transistors are considered among the most promising candidates for neuromorphic computing devices.
MXene composite with Ni/Co sulfide for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Ramulu Bhimanaboina , Yu Jae Su
Published: February 2024

Ti3C2 MXene@Ni/Co sulfide hybrid structures were fabricated using a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal approach for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction process.
Prins cyclization of 1,3-dioxinone: synthesis of 11-epi-badkhysin
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang , Hua Ping , Xu Yiren , He Baoqing , Zhao Jingfeng , Li Liang , Chen Wen , Zhang Hongbin
Published: February 2024

The asymmetric synthesis of highly functional 11-epi-badkhysin has been accomplished using a structure-unit based approach.
Electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived furan compounds: mechanisms, catalysts and perspectives
Authors: Zhu Peipei , Shi Mingzhu , Shen Zhipeng , Liao Xunfan , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2024

This progress report summarizes the oxidation, reduction, and paired electrolysis of furan compounds, covering reaction mechanisms, catalysts and factors affecting. The challenges and application prospects of electrochemical conversion are discussed.
Airborne forward‐looking radar imaging approach via modified propagator method in planar phased array
Authors: Yin Lannuo , Wang Yong
Published: February 2024

Forward‐looking radar imaging is a top priority due to a variety of applications. An airborne forward‐looking radar imaging approach via a modified propagator method (MPM) based on the planar phased array is proposed. It can obtain a better focusing effect without range migration correction. Through the MPM algorithm, the azimuth resolution can be enhanced greatly. Compared with the conventional synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm, the left‐right ambiguity process can be avoided by generating two‐dimensional spatial spectra. Furthermore, the imaging results of different numbers of elements are given to provide an assessment of the imaging performance. Additionally, the authors proposed to apply the scanning planar phased array configuration to airborne forward‐looking two‐dimensional imaging for the first time. The validity of the method is proven by experiments. The image is more focused. Furthermore, the results of the experiments verify that the proposed method is fit for high‐speed situation and aircraft height variation condition.
Comprendre la totipotence embryonnaire à partir des cellules 2C-like
Authors: Yakhou Lounis , Azogui Anaelle , Therizols Pierre , Defossez Pierre-Antoine
Published: February 2024

La totipotence est la capacité d’une cellule à générer un organisme entier, une propriété qui caractérise les premières cellules embryonnaires, comme le zygote et les blastomères. Dans cette revue, nous proposons une rétrospective des avancées réalisées au cours de la dernière décennie concernant l’étude de la totipotence avec, notamment, la découverte des cellules ES murines exprimant des marqueurs du stade 2-cellules (2CLC). Ce modèle a considérablement contribué à la meilleure compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la totipotence (facteurs pionniers, régulation épigénétique, épissage, maturation nucléaire). Les cellules 2CLC ont aussi ouvert la voie au développement de nouveaux modèles cellulaires de totipotence humaine.
Lsr2 : protéine associée au nucléoïde (NAP) et facteur transcriptionnel chez les mycobactéries
Authors: Gerges Elias , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Crémazy Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Lsr2, une petite protéine conservée chez les actinobactéries, joue un rôle crucial dans la virulence et l’adaptation des mycobactéries aux conditions environnementales. Membre de la superfamille des protéines associées au nucléoïde (NAP), Lsr2 influence l’organisation de l’ADN en facilitant la formation de boucle chromosomique in vitro, ce qui suggère qu’elle pourrait être un acteur majeur du repliement tridimensionnel du génome. Lsr2 agit également comme un facteur de transcription, régulant l’expression de nombreux gènes responsables de la coordination d’une multitude de processus cellulaires et moléculaires essentiels chez les actinobactéries. Tout comme la protéine H-NS, son orthologue chez les entérobactéries, son rôle de répresseur transcriptionnel repose probablement sur son oligomérisation conduisant à la rigidification de l’ADN et, dans certaines situations, sur le pontage de fragments génomiques distants. Ces mécanismes pourraient perturber le recrutement de l’ARN polymérase sur les promoteurs ainsi que l’élongation des transcrits.
Group B Streptococcus Brain Abscess in a Neonate with Bilateral Otorrhea
Authors: Spencer Emily E. , Nostrand Sarah Van , Arya Shreyas
Published: February 2024

Introduction Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates worldwide, but brain abscess secondary to GBS is extremely rare. While temporal brain abscesses have been described as a sequelae of otogenic infections in children and adults, such a presentation has not been described in neonates.

Case Description An 8-day-old female infant presented with a fever and irritability along with bilateral purulent otorrhea. Maternal GBS screening was negative, but the delivery was complicated by chorioamnionitis. Workup revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid and culture of the ear drainage was positive for GBS. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a circular lesion with rim enhancement within the left temporal lobe concerning for an abscess. The infant was treated with 14 days of intravenous vancomycin, cefepime, and metronidazole followed by 10 weeks of intravenous ampicillin. The hospital course was complicated by seizures and obstructive hydrocephalus requiring multiple neurosurgical interventions.

Conclusion Brain abscess can occur as a sequela of GBS meningitis in neonates, but they are rare. Otogenic infections require prompt evaluation and treatment as they can progress to serious central nervous infections in neonates.
A Survey on Epilepsy and Work: Profiles and Challenges
Authors: D'Souza Carol , Mani Jayanti , Shah Urvashi , Ravat Parthvi , Sapre Antara , Sanwalka Neha , Ravat Sangeeta , Desai Joy , Shah Pravina
Published: February 2024

Objective Epilepsy can have a chronic course in a subgroup of people and may impact the ability to study, marry or earn a living thereby increasing significantly the burden of the illness. For a person with epilepsy (PWE), beyond seizure control, being participative and productive in life is a crucial factor for a good quality of life. The aim of the study was to explore factors that help and/or hinder PWE find work / employment.

Materials and Methods Data was collected via a self-reported structured questionnaire from PWE in the age group 21 to 60 years, who had completed their education, and had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy for at least a year with no known psychiatric ailment or psychiatric morbidity. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine factors that impact employment.

Results Sixty-three percent of our cohorts (n = 119/190) were employed. Factors that supported employment were higher education, late age of epilepsy onset, and better maternal education. The odds of being employed decreased significantly with increasing seizure frequency (odds ratio [OR] = 0.749; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.586–0.957) and occurrence of cluster seizures (OR = 0.348; 95% CI = 0.163–0.742; p < 0.05).

Conclusion PWE can secure employment when their seizure frequency is low and epilepsy onset is after the age of 5 years. However, high job stress and cognitive and emotional difficulties are barriers and reasons for resignation from work. PWEs and their caregivers need to be empowered with psychoeducation and receive counselling support for their mood and cognitive issues to help them reach their full work potential.
Revisited the role of foreign aid in capital formation: experience of South Asian countries
Authors: Dash Ranjan Kumar , Gupta Deepa Jitendra , Khandelwal Tarun
Published: February 2024

This study contributes to the aid-development literature by examining the role of host country factors in conditioning the investment effect of foreign aid, covering a panel of six South Asian countries over the period 1990–2019. The study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, and causality methods to control for endogeneity, cross-section dependency, and structural breaks. The study further applies the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and the Common Correlated Effect Pooled Mean Group (CCEPMG) to estimate the long and short-run effects. The study results suggest that in the long run, foreign aid reduces or crowds out domestic investment directly but promotes domestic investment from the complementarity between aid and trade, human and financial development, and FDI. The causality result provides evidence of bi-directional causality between the two, supporting the crowding-out effect.
Preimage pressure on subsets and multifractal analysis
Authors: Wu Weisheng , Zhang Xichen
Published: February 2024

In this paper, pointwise preimage pressures for (non-invertible) continuous maps on any subset (not necessarily compact or invariant) are introduced via Carathéodory-Pesin construction. A variational inequality for preimage pressure of saturated sets is then obtained. In particular, we prove that the preimage pressure of the set of generic points for an ergodic measure equals the metric preimage pressure of the measure, which extends Bowen’s theorem to preimage pressure. We also use the thermodynamic formalism of preimage pressure to obtain some estimates on Birkhoff level sets.
Emergence of electrochemical catalytic activity via an electrochemical-probe on defective transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets
Authors: Kumatani A. , Ogawa H. , Endo T. , Lustikova J. , Ida H. , Takahashi Y. , Miyata Y. , Ikuhara Y. , Shiku H. , Wakayama Y.
Published: February 2024

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have shown exceptional electrochemical catalytic activity for the efficient generation of hydrogen through electrochemical water splitting. In the case of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a prominent member of 2D TMDs, the electrochemically active sites primarily reside at the edges, while the basal plane, which constitutes the majority of the MoS2 structure, remains relatively inactive. In this study, we aimed to activate the inert sites of the basal plane with some defective structure for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by employing an electrochemical-probe in combination with voltage sweeping. The initiation of HER at these previously inactive sites was visualized and confirmed using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Our findings reveal that the enhanced HER activity originates from surface defects induced by the probing process.
First-principles study of intrinsic defects and helium in tungsten trioxide
Authors: Yang L. , Wirth B. D.
Published: February 2024

Understanding the behavior of intrinsic defects and helium (He) in tungsten oxides is useful for the application of tungsten (W) in a fusion environment because of the oxidation of W surfaces. The formation and diffusion energies of intrinsic defects and He in monoclinic γ-WO3 have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory calculations. The formation energy and diffusion activation energy of O defects are lower than W defects. O vacancy prefers to diffuse along the ⟨001⟩ direction, then followed by ⟨010⟩ and ⟨100⟩ directions; however, the W vacancy is immobile at temperatures lower than 2000 K. The stability of Schottky defects (SDs) is sensitive to their geometry and orientation. W interstitials prefer to move along the [100] direction, while O interstitials jump around W atoms rather than through the W quasi-cubic centers. He interstitial atoms are predicted to have a high solubility and an anisotropic diffusion mechanism in γ-WO3. In addition, the effect of biaxial strain on the solubility and diffusivity of He interstitials was investigated. He interstitials prefer to reside at individual sites rather than clusters. He atoms are weakly trapped by single vacancies or SDs. Vacancies assist the local migration of nearby He. Correspondingly, He self-clustering and bubble formation are less likely to form in γ-WO3 relative to bcc W. The energetics obtained in this work can be used to predict the microstructure evolution of the WO3 layer on a W substrate exposed to He plasmas at different temperatures.
Numerical phase-detection autofocusing method for digital holography reconstruction processing
Authors: Kwon Ik Hwan , Lee Jinhyung , Na Hee-Kyung , Lee Tae Geol , Lee Sang-Won
Published: February 2024

Digital holography requires precise phase analysis without wavefront aberration from defocusing errors. While the auto-contrast method is generally advantageous for refocusing, its accuracy suffers in low contrast conditions. Here, we suggest a simple phase analysis approach applying phase-detection autofocusing (PDAF) using a Fourier operation and the angular spectrum method to achieve fast and accurate refocusing even with high transmittance samples. The speed and sub-nano accuracy of the proposed method along with its quantitative autofocusing capability make it well suited for numerical digital holography reconstruction. Phase analysis with the PDAF technique has sensitivity to 0.1 nm changes in the focusing distance within the light source wavelength. In the reconstruction process, this method causes no wavefront distortion. The refocus calculation time using the focus calibration function obtained through the PDAF method is 0.012 s, enabling a real-time refocus correction of 83 fps in digital video holography. We performed refractive index measurements of Boro33 plates with high transmittance to interpret the physical meaning of the corrected focal distances and obtained a refractive index accuracy of 0.001. We then applied a real-time digital holographic measurement system and found that the PDAF technique removed dynamic phase fluctuation, an issue that cannot be solved by phase unwrapping.
Gradient blowup without shock formation in compressible Euler flow
Authors: Jenssen Helge Kristian , Johnson Alexander Anthony
Published: February 2024

The well-known Guderley similarity solution provides a fundamental example of how a spherically converging shock wave can generate amplitude blowup in compressible Euler flow. Recent work has shown that the same phenomenon can occur in continuous flow. In this work, we analyze a different type of continuous similarity flows in which density, velocity, and sound speed all suffer gradient blowup at collapse, while remaining locally bounded. We give examples where, notwithstanding the presence of gradient singularities, no shock wave appears at collapse and the flow is globally continuous.
Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen leakage through caprock in moisture and residual gas conditions: A molecular dynamics–Monte Carlo study
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Tao , Sun Shuyu
Published: February 2024

Underground hydrogen (H2) storage has become increasingly popular in recent years; however, H2 leakage is a critical concern. A conventional reservoir is sealed by a dense caprock; the long-chain hydrocarbons cannot escape through the caprock because of the complex molecular structure and large molecular size, but H2 leakage can still occur, particularly through the nanopores of the caprock. In this study, we investigate the H2 leakage problem using the molecular dynamics (MD) and MD–Monte Carlo (MDMC) methods. The results of our MDMC algorithm concur with the MD simulation results, indicating that the MDMC algorithm can feasibly predict the H2 leakage process. Caprock defects are repaired by water (H2O) clusters owing to the hydrogen bonding and adsorption of H2O on the caprock surface. Methane (CH4) forms an absorption layer on the caprock, inhibiting the probability of contact between H2 and the rock surface. We further explain the spatial distribution of different gas components using their potential energies and interaction forces. The molecular sealing mechanism is also proposed accordingly, and the H2O cluster and CH4 adsorption layer form the double barrier for H2 leakage. The evaporation of H2O at high temperatures weakens the stability of the H2O cluster, and smaller pore sizes (<10.0 Å) within the caprock prevent H2 leakage. H2 leakage can be further inhibited by increasing the H2O content in a H2 storage project. Thus, a specific amount of H2O and CH4 gas can alleviate the H2 leakage problem.
Thermoelectric and magneto-transport characteristics of interconnected networks of ferromagnetic nanowires and nanotubes
Authors: da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Marchal Nicolas , de la Torre Medina Joaquín , Abreu Araujo Flavio , Piraux Luc
Published: February 2024

Macroscopic-scale nanostructures, situated at the interface of nanostructures and bulk materials, hold significant promise in the realm of thermoelectric materials. Nanostructuring presents a compelling avenue for enhancing material thermoelectric performance as well as unlocking intriguing nanoscale phenomena, including spin-dependent thermoelectric effects. This is achieved while preserving high power output capabilities and ease of measurements related to the overall macroscopic dimensions. Within this framework, the recently developed three-dimensional interconnected nanowire and nanotube networks, integrated into a flexible polymer membrane, emerge as promising candidates for macroscopic nanostructures. The flexibility of these composites also paves the way for advances in the burgeoning field of flexible thermoelectrics. In this study, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional nanowire networks made of ferromagnetic metals maintain the intrinsic bulk thermoelectric power of their bulk constituent even for a diameter reduced to approximately 23 nm. Furthermore, we showcase the pioneering magneto-thermoelectric measurements of three-dimensional interconnected nickel nanotube networks. These macroscopic materials, comprising interconnected nanotubes, enable the development of large-area devices that exhibit efficient thermoelectric performance, while their nanoscale tubular structures provide distinctive magneto-transport properties. This research represents a significant step toward harnessing the potential of macroscopic nanostructured materials in the field of thermoelectrics.
3D convolutional neural networks predict cellular metabolic pathway use from fluorescence lifetime decay data
Authors: Hu Linghao , De Hoyos Daniela , Lei Yuanjiu , West A. Phillip , Walsh Alex J.
Published: February 2024

Fluorescence lifetime imaging of the co-enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) offers a label-free approach for detecting cellular metabolic perturbations. However, the relationships between variations in NADH lifetime and metabolic pathway changes are complex, preventing robust interpretation of NADH lifetime data relative to metabolic phenotypes. Here, a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) trained at the cell level with 3D NAD(P)H lifetime decay images (two spatial dimensions and one time dimension) was developed to identify metabolic pathway usage by cancer cells. NADH fluorescence lifetime images of MCF7 breast cancer cells with three isolated metabolic pathways, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutaminolysis were obtained by a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime microscope and then segmented into individual cells as the input data for the classification models. The 3D CNN models achieved over 90% accuracy in identifying cancer cells reliant on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, or glutaminolysis. Furthermore, the model trained with human breast cancer cell data successfully predicted the differences in metabolic phenotypes of macrophages from control and POLG-mutated mice. These results suggest that the integration of autofluorescence lifetime imaging with 3D CNNs enables intracellular spatial patterns of NADH intensity and temporal dynamics of the lifetime decay to discriminate multiple metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, the use of 3D CNNs to identify metabolic phenotypes from NADH fluorescence lifetime decay images eliminates the need for time- and expertise-demanding exponential decay fitting procedures. In summary, metabolic-prediction CNNs will enable live-cell and in vivo metabolic measurements with single-cell resolution, filling a current gap in metabolic measurement technologies.
Robust catalyst 3D microarchitectures by digital light printing with ceramic particle–polymer composites
Authors: Kim Do Hyeog , Nam Sang-Hoon , Han Gina , Park Seo Rim , Jeong Gwang Ho , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae , Fang Nicholas Xuanlai
Published: February 2024

This study entailed the development of an advanced photocatalyst model characterized by high efficiency and ease in dispersion and retrieval processes. This model incorporates a multiscale-hierarchical open-cell structure integrated with nanostructured materials, effectively targeting the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. The fabrication of the specimens was achieved through a combined approach of additive manufacturing and chemical synthesis. The open-cell structure, composed of photopolymerized polymers and synthesized nanocrystals, displays a notable aspect ratio, an extensive surface area, and a significant porosity. These features facilitate the concurrent entry of fluid and light into the core of the framework, leading to enhanced light scattering and activation of photoinduced redox reactions on organic contaminants adhered to the anatase TiO2 surface. The photocatalytic performance was quantified through a spectroscopic analysis, monitoring the absorbance changes associated with organic pollutant degradation. In addition, the influence of open-cell structures on nanomaterial growth under hydrothermal synthesis conditions was explored using finite element method simulations, with findings corroborated by microscopic examination. The functional effectiveness of the novel photocatalyst was assessed through compression tests, analysis of changes pre- and post-reaction, and evaluations of reusability. The developed 3D photocatalyst offers straightforward installation, relocation, and operation, presenting a resilient and effective solution for employing nanoscale catalysts while significantly reducing secondary contamination risks from nanomaterials in aquatic environments. This innovative structure holds potential for application in diverse sectors, including hydrogen production, water decomposition, CO2 capture, and biomedicine.
Numerical simulation of droplet impacting on a microstructured surface: Geometry, wettability, and control of jump-off force
Authors: Gu Xi , Chen Li , Wang Feng , Wang Yingrui , Li Yuqi , Wu Wenna , Hu Man , Deng Daosheng
Published: February 2024

Droplet impacting on the solid substrate, which typically is a simple planar surface, has been extensively studied for various technological applications. Here, through numerical calculation, we explore the droplet impacting on a single hemispherical bead and double bead structures. Several key physical parameters have been taken into account, including the Weber number, wettability, and geometry of microstructures. We reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the droplet pattern, the correlated physical parameters, and the underlying physical mechanisms (air cushion or bubble). These results provide theoretical guidance to control jump-off forces via the structure design and suitable wettability for the relevant applications such as erosion protection.
Computational study of flow separation in truncated ideal contour nozzles under high-altitude conditions
Authors: Muhammed Ijas , N Shamsia Banu , Suryan Abhilash , Lijo Vincent , Simurda David , Kim Heuy Dong
Published: February 2024

Flow separation in rocket nozzles has been studied mostly under sea-level conditions, which fail to take into account changes in ambient density and ambient pressure during the flight of a rocket. In the present study, numerical analysis is conducted of flow characteristics within a truncated ideal contour (TIC) nozzle to investigate the influence of ambient density and pressure on flow separation. Six different altitudes from a typical flight are considered, from a very low altitude to a high altitude. The flow is analyzed by varying the nozzle pressure ratios corresponding to these altitudes. Both cold flow and hot flow simulations are conducted. The locations of separation positions at various altitude conditions are accurately captured and are found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The results of the study establish that for a given nozzle pressure ratio, the flow separation point is shifted upstream with increasing altitude. This clearly points to a dependence of separation position on the altitude of operation for TIC rocket nozzles.
Photonic bandgap microcombs at 1064 nm
Authors: Spektor Grisha , Zang Jizhao , Dan Atasi , Briles Travis C. , Brodnik Grant M. , Liu Haixin , Black Jennifer A. , Carlson David R. , Papp Scott B.
Published: February 2024

Microresonator frequency combs and their design versatility have revolutionized research areas from data communication to exoplanet searches. While microcombs in the 1550 nm band are well documented, there is interest in using microcombs in other bands. Here, we demonstrate the formation and spectral control of normal-dispersion dark soliton microcombs at 1064 nm. We generate 200 GHz repetition rate microcombs by inducing a photonic bandgap of the microresonator mode for the pump laser with a photonic crystal. We perform the experiments with normal-dispersion microresonators made from Ta2O5 and explore unique soliton pulse shapes and operating behaviors. By adjusting the resonator dispersion through its nanostructured geometry, we demonstrate control over the spectral bandwidth of these combs, and we employ numerical modeling to understand their existence range. Our results highlight how photonic design enables microcomb spectra tailoring across wide wavelength ranges, offering potential in bioimaging, spectroscopy, and photonic-atomic quantum technologies.
Instabilities of the thermally modulated shear layers
Authors: Panday S. , Floryan J. M.
Published: February 2024

The stability analysis of laminar channel flow subject to spanwise thermal modulations is presented. Modulations create streamwise streaks and rolls, producing three-dimensional flow structures. It is shown that these structures induce a new type of instability which persists at low Reynolds numbers. Detailed characterization and quantification of this instability are given, including an explanation of its mechanism. It is shown that heating intensity and spatial distribution control this instability; its intensity increases with a reduction of the Prandtl number, and it can be induced by heating of either wall.
A forecast model of geomagnetic indices from the solar wind fluids observations based on long short-term memory neural network
Authors: Zou Zhengyang , Huang Hanyu , Zuo Pingbing , Ni Binbin , San Wen , Yuan Qitong , Hu Jiahui , Wei Jiayun
Published: February 2024

Geomagnetic indices including AE (Auroral Electrojet), AU (Upper envelopes of AE), AL (Lower envelopes of AE), and Dst (Disturbance Storm Time) are widely considered signatures of geomagnetic storms or substorms that are triggered by solar wind plasma fluids and magnetic fields impinging the Earth's magnetosphere. They are crucial for comprehending and predicting the particle dynamics within the near-Earth space. In the present study, a forecast model utilizing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network was constructed by training more than five decades of measurements of solar wind parameters near the first Lagrangian point (L1). Note that it is the first deep learning model to forecast the AE, AU, and AL indices, the overall correlation coefficient (R) between the 1-h-ahead forecast results and the observations reached > 0.85, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) reached 0.05. For the Dst prediction, the model achieves better performance with R and RMSE values reaching 0.981 and 0.011, respectively. It also exhibited an extremely high level in predicting 3-h-ahead Dst, as indicated by R and RMSE values of approximately 0.91 and 0.023, respectively. Further analysis presents that the predictions of the model can be used to precisely track the overall changes in AE and Dst during both quiet times and different stages of geomagnetic storms. It can be easily implemented to supply essential guidelines for examining and estimating the variations in inner magnetospheric particles and solar wind-magnetosphere couplings.
Complex magnetic interactions and critical behavior analysis in quaternary CoFeV0.8Mn0.2Si Heusler alloy
Authors: Dutt Gupt Guru , Babu P. D. , Dhaka R. S.
Published: February 2024

We investigate the magnetic behavior and critical exponents of quaternary CoFeV0.8Mn0.2Si Heusler alloy to understand the interactions across the Curie temperature (TC). The Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction pattern with the space group F4¯3m confirms a single-phase cubic Y-type crystal structure. The magnetic susceptibility χ(T) data show a ferromagnetic nature with a second-order phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic at 446±1 K. The saturation magnetization at 5 K is found to be 2.2 μB/f.u., which is close to the Slater–Pauling rule and indicates its half-metallic nature. The values of asymptotic critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) and the TC are extracted through detailed analytical analysis including the modified Arrott plot, the Kouvel–Fisher (K–F) method, and the Widom scaling relation. Interestingly, the estimated values of β=0.369 and γ=1.445 closely approximate the theoretical values of the 3D Heisenberg model across the TC and validate the second-order thermodynamic phase transition. The obtained exponents lead to the collapse of renormalized isotherms, represented by the relationship between the magnetization (m) and the applied magnetic field (h), into two distinct branches above and below the TC, which validates the reliability of the analysis. Furthermore, these exponents suggest that the spin interaction follows a decay pattern of J(r)∼r−4.99, indicating a short-range magnetic ordering, akin to the itinerant-electron 3D Heisenberg model.
Single-cell profiling of African swine fever virus disease in the pig spleen reveals viral and host dynamics
Authors: Zhu Zixiang , Mao Ruoqing , Liu Baohong , Liu Huanan , Shi Zhengwang , Zhang Kunpeng , Liu Huisheng , Zhang Danyang , Liu Jia , Zhao Zhenxiang , Li Kangli , Yang Fan , Cao Weijun , Zhang Xiangle , Shen Chaochao , Sun Dehui , Wang Liyuan , Tian Hong , Ru Yi , Feng Tao , He Jijun , Guo Jianhong , Zhang Keshan , Tang Zhonglin , Zhang Shilei , Ding Chan , Han Jun , Zheng Haixue
Published: February 2024

African swine fever, one of the major viral diseases of swine, poses an imminent threat to the global pig industry. The high-efficient replication of the causative agent African swine fever virus (ASFV) in various organs in pigs greatly contributes to the disease. However, how ASFV manipulates the cell population to drive high-efficient replication of the virus in vivo remains unclear. Here, we found that the spleen reveals the most severe pathological manifestation with the highest viral loads among various organs in pigs during ASFV infection. By using single-cell-RNA-sequencing technology and multiple methods, we determined that macrophages and monocytes are the major cell types infected by ASFV in the spleen, showing high viral-load heterogeneity. A rare subpopulation of immature monocytes represents the major population infected at late infection stage. ASFV causes massive death of macrophages, but shifts its infection into these monocytes which significantly arise after the infection. The apoptosis, interferon response, and antigen-presentation capacity are inhibited in these monocytes which benefits prolonged infection of ASFV in vivo. Until now, the role of immature monocytes as an important target by ASFV has been overlooked due to that they do not express classical monocyte marker CD14. The present study indicates that the shift of viral infection from macrophages to the immature monocytes is critical for maintaining prolonged ASFV infection in vivo. This study sheds light on ASFV tropism, replication, and infection dynamics, and elicited immune response, which may instruct future research on antiviral strategies.
An investigation of subject-orientation in the processing of Japanese reflexive zibun by native
Japanese and Chinese-speaking learners
Authors: Hirakawa Makiko , Umeda Mari , Snape Neal , Matthews John
Published: February 2024

The study investigates the L2 acquisition of the Japanese reflexive zibun (self) by
Chinese-speaking learners. The aim of the study was to find out whether there are any differences in the interpretation and
processing of zibun, a long-distance reflexive that takes as its antecedent only sentential subjects, by native
speakers and Chinese learners of Japanese. In the current study, we tested whether subject orientation, a property that Japanese
and Chinese reflexives share, affects the processing of zibun. The results from an antecedent identification task
show that L2 learners performed somewhat differently from native speakers, showing some preference for a non-subject NP, which is
not an antecedent candidate for zibun. In a self-paced reading task, where two possible candidate antecedents
could be considered for zibun, L2 learners took longer than native speakers to select an antecedent. We argue
that L1-L2 similarity does not guarantee target-like real-time comprehension of zibun in Japanese.
All-liquid frequency selective absorber design with flexibility and wide-angle stability
Authors: Liu Peiqi , Kong Xiangkun , Cao Zuwei , Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Shaochun , Zou Yukun , Cheng Jianlai , Pang Xiaoyu , Zhao Shenghui
Published: February 2024

An all-liquid flexible metamaterial crossing the ultrabroadband range of S, C, X, and Ku bands is reported. This work demonstrates for the first time a frequency selective absorber (FSA) using all-flexible materials, which enables a transmission band of 2.4–4 GHz and a 6–20 GHz ultrawideband absorption. Firstly, liquid metal (LM) as a new functional material with self-healing capability and high reflectivity, based on its metasurface can realize the minimum insertion loss of 0.72 dB at 3.2 GHz. Then, utilizing dielectric resonance and diffraction grating effects of the water-based metasurface, the design can achieve greater than 90% absorption in the frequency band of 6–20 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 107%. Furthermore, by miniaturizing the design, the FSA exhibits high stability in TM mode with oblique incidence up to 60° and TE mode at 45°. Our design can be fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane lithography and encapsulated with water and LM with a thickness of only 8 mm. Finally, the fabricated FSA are tested by bending to different curvatures, and the good performance indicates its promising applications in electromagnetic stealth, compatibility and wearable devices.
Flexible and twistable free-standing PDMS-magnetic-nanoparticle-based soft magnetic films with robust magnetic properties
Authors: Subudhi Swarup Kumar , Zhao Beihan , Wang Xinjun , Ting John , Takeuchi Ichiro , Dasgupta Abhijit , Das Siddhartha
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we develop multifunctional, physically soft, mechanically compliant, and magnetically responsive PDMS films, with embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles, that show robust magnetic properties over a significant range of mechanical deformation. First, we establish that the magnetic properties, namely the saturation magnetization (M
s), remanent magnetization (M
r), and intrinsic coercivity (H
ci) of these PDMS films in highly deformed configurations, i.e. in folded, twisted (with different twist angles), and bent (flexed) configurations, show very little degradation compared to those obtained in undeformed configurations. Next, the films were subjected to repetitive cycles of zero-to-max deformation (R = 0) and the saturation magnetization of the films was shown to not exhibit any significant degree of progressive degradation as a function of cyclic deformation history. These findings confirm the excellent robustness and cyclic durability of magnetic properties shown by these magnetic and compliant PDMS films and point to their suitability for wearable electronics applications.
Materials aspects of PEDOT:PSS for neuromorphic organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Yamamoto Shunsuke
Published: February 2024

This article summarizes recent developments in organic mixed ion-electron conductors for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in the field of materials science. Materials for the active layers, including crosslinkers and additives, are summarized, with a focus on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Particular aspects of organic devices are highlighted, including their flexibility, biocompatibility, and facile fabrication processes.