bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust but verify: caution in the application of Internet-based research
Authors: Green R. Michelle
Published: May 2013

Are Internet-based research results sufficiently trustworthy? In 314 adults ages 18-82, systematic personality trait differences existed among broadband users, dial-up users and Internet non-users. Greater levels of openness and extraversion correlated with greater degrees of home Internet access in black subjects and in those over 40. No systematic differences were observed in white subjects and in those under 40. Internet sampling’s ease cannot free researchers from the obligation to identify anomalous results and to pursue diverse samples using diverse methods, particularly critical as United States populations become more diverse and long-lived.
An organization of impersonal relations: The Internet and networked markets
Authors: Kruse Holly
Published: May 2013

As the Internet has enabled near-instantaneous transmission of buying and selling information by brokers through servers in financial markets, and from bettors through servers in parimutuel horse racing markets, transactions that once took place in face-to-face settings are now dependent on far-reaching global communication flows. This article explores the ways in which the Internet has influenced the dissemination of information in public, temporally driven, information intensive markets. In looking specifically at the case of parimutuel horse racing, the article examines what implications the Internet has for networked markets and what it might indicate about mediated forms of presence.
Machines in the archives: Technology and the coming transformation of archival reference
Authors: Cox Richard J. , Archives Students The
Published: May 2013

Technology is transforming the way in which researchers gain access to archives, not only in the choices archivists make about their uses of technology but in the portable technologies researchers bring with them to the archives. This essay reviews the implications of electronic mail, instant messaging and chat, digital reference services, websites, scanners, digital cameras, folksonomies, and various adaptive technologies in facilitating archival access. The new machines represent greater, even unprecedented, opportunities for archivists to support one of the main elements of their professional mission, namely, getting archival records used.
Western European newspapers and their online revenue models: An overview
Authors: Bleyen Valérie-Anne , Van Hove Leo
Published: May 2013

This paper analyses the Web sites of 82 national daily newspapers in eight Western European countries, in order to determine their online revenue models. Overall, 80.5 per cent of our newspapers try to monetise (part of) their online content in direct ways. In doing so, the bulk of the paying sites rely on 'traditional’ online subscriptions rather than unbundled access options although 43.9 per cent of all sites offer both, and in this way target regular as well as occasional readers. However, the low cut-off points between the online subscriptions and pay-per-view seem to indicate that our newspapers have embraced pay-per-view only half-heartedly. We also find that newspapers that adopt ‘mixed bundling’ have a higher fear of channel spill-over between the online and print subscription. The same is true for smaller newspapers. An important finding is also that for all the strategic decisions that we analyse, there are dramatic inter-country differences. This suggests that local market circumstances – such as the relative importance of advertising revenues, Internet penetration, and even mimicking behaviour – play a major role.
A model for ontology quality evaluation
Authors: Stvilia Besiki
Published: May 2013

Ontologies are important knowledge representation and sharing tools in the workflow of biology research. The high cost of creating and maintaining ontologies encourages their sharing and reuse, and an increasing number of ontologies have been made available from different sources, with different models of curation. To enable effective selection, reuse, integration, and maintenance of these ontologies, however, one needs to have a systematic method of evaluating and connecting their quality to the context of an intended use. Based on an analysis of the activity system and Web server logs of the morphbank biodiversity research data repository, a model was developed to evaluate ontology quality. The model connects the types of quality problems with the types of research activities and suggests relevant metrics. The paper also describes the structure of some of the research activities and the types and patterns of end-user searches in morphbank.
Tragedy of the FOSS commons? Investigating the institutional designs of free/libre and open source software projects
Authors: Schweik Charles M. , English Robert
Published: May 2013

Free/Libre and Open Source Software projects (FOSS) are a form of Internet-based commons. Since 1968, when Garrett Hardin published his famous article “Tragedy of the Commons” in the journal Science, there has been significant interest in understanding how to manage commons appropriately, particularly in environmental fields. An important distinction between natural resource commons and FOSS commons is that the “tragedy” to be avoided in natural resources is over-harvesting and the potential destruction of the resource. In FOSS commons the “tragedy” to be avoided is project abandonment and a “dead” project. Institutions – defined as informal norms, more formalized rules, and governance structures – are mechanisms that have been shown to help overcome tragedies in some environmental commons situations. The goal of this paper is to more formally describe the concept of FOSS institutions and to conduct a preliminary examination of FOSS projects in order to shed light into institutions, their composition and importance to the projects. We report findings from an initial set of interviews of FOSS developers and find that in commons settings that need to encourage contribution rather than control over-appropriation, the institutional designs appear to be extremely lean and as unobtrusive as possible. To the FOSS programmers we interviewed, institutional structure adds transaction costs and hinders collective action. This is markedly different from traditional environmental commons settings.
The clean, the dirty and the ugly: A critical analysis of 'clean joke' Web Sites
Authors: Shifman Limor , Varsano Hamutal Ma’apil
Published: May 2013

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of ‘clean joke’ Web sites. Such sites are often described as providing family-friendly humor, which is safe for children. However, our analysis reveals that the term ‘clean joke’ has mainly one operative meaning: a joke which is ‘sex-free’. Whereas sex is excluded from ‘clean joke’ sites, sexist, racist and ageist content does appear in them. Therefore, the problematic message some of these Web sites convey is that: a) sex is ‘dirty’; and b) sexism and other forms of discrimination are ‘clean’. We interpret these findings both at the cultural level as manifestations of negative Western attitudes towards sexuality, and also at the technological level as easy solutions for child protection in the digital era.
The Protestant ethic strikes back: Open source developers and the ethic of capitalism
Authors: Mikkonen Teemu , Vadén Tere , Vainio Niklas
Published: May 2013

Free/Open Source software development has initiated new models and theories of social organization and immaterial labor in terms of a “hacker” culture. However, our survey of four developer communities shows that there is a continuum of communities from voluntary communities, corresponding to the “hacker” image, to more business-oriented communities deviating from the image. It is particularly noteworthy that old and familiar modes of organization based on waged labor are increasingly a part of developer communities. This may create new dynamics and tensions both inside communities and between the various partners taking part in Free/Open Source software development projects.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: McCartney Cathy , Heinlen Emily Therese
Published: May 2013

None available.
Visualizing the overlap between the 100 most visited pages on Wikipedia for September 2006 to January 2007
Authors: Spoerri Anselm
Published: May 2013

This paper compares the monthly lists of the 100 most visited Wikipedia pages for the period of September 2006 to January 2007. searchCrystal is used to visualize the overlap between the five monthly Top 100 lists to show which pages are highly visited in all five months; which pages in four of the five months and so on. It is shown that almost 40 percent of a month’s top 100 pages are visited in all five months, whereas 25 percent are highly visited only in a single month. The presented visualizations make it possible to gain quick insights into the overlap and topical relationships between the monthly lists.
Building an open access African studies repository using Web 2.0 principles
Authors: Winterbottom Anna , North James
Published: May 2013

This paper describes the aims and design of an open access African Studies Repository (ASR) (http://www.africanstudiesrepository.org/) that is under development. The ASR is a relational database compatible with the open repository platform DSpace but incorporating the participatory online tools collectively known as ‘Web 2.0’. The aim of the ASR is to create a space where everyone who works on Africa, both inside and outside the continent, can store their work, access useful resources, make contacts, and join discussions.
FM Interviews: Sandra Braman
Authors: Valauskas Edward J.
Published: May 2013

None available.
Visible Past: Learning and discovering in real and virtual space and time
Authors: Matei Sorin Adam , Miller Chris , Arns Laura , Rauh Nick , Hartman Chris , Bruno Robert
Published: May 2013

Visible Past proposes a cross platform, scalable environment (Exploratorium) for collaborative social, geographic, and historical education and research. The Exploratorium will be deployed in a variety of settings, from Web to fully immersive virtual reality environments. Educational activities can be formal (classroom teaching) or informal (conducted in a museum or self–directed online learning setting). The specific goals of the Exploratorium concept are two–fold: 1) to create a set of tools for collecting, organizing, or disseminating knowledge in a collaborative manner at various scales and in various formats; and, 2) to extend and refine a theoretical framework and methodological tools for prototyping and testing future research and learning applications and architectures that benefit from 3D and location aware applications. The heart of the Visible Past Exploratorium concept, the Exploratorium, is an information space built on top of a georeferenced wiki database that can be accessed through a variety of avenues: full immersion 3D environments, Web interfaces, or Geographic Exploration Systems (GES), such as Google Earth or NASA’s World Wind.
What's wrong with the patent system? Fuzzy boundaries and the patent tax
Authors: Bessen James , Meurer Michael J.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Bringing peer review to patents
Authors: Biagioli Mario
Published: May 2013

Tougher examination of patent applications reduces anti–commons effects while reducing the frequency and costs of litigation. Modelled after open source/free software collaborations, the “Peer to Patent” initiative seeks to improve the quality of patents by developing a Web–based infrastructure whereby volunteer experts external to the PTO’s review applications, assemble prior art information, and submit the results of their collective work back to the Patent Office examiner. This paper endorses the spirit and goals of the “Peer to Patent” initiative, but questions its reliance on the open source model. A discussion of the functions of peer review, the meaning of peer, and the motivations of the reviewers in different contexts indicates that editorial peer review — not open source — can provide a more effective model for integrating peer review of patent applications into PTO practices.
Issues in IP management to support open access in collaborative innovation models
Authors: Boettiger Sara
Published: May 2013

Building Web–based collaborative environments to encourage innovation in patentable technology provides different challenges than those found in the realm of copyrightable material. Cyberinfrastructure can be designed to encourage a free exchange of information and ideas that produces well–documented benefits for collaborators. But this may come at the cost of foregone patent rights, as the disclosure of information can limit options to patent. If the goal is open access, though, some argue that the predisposition toward the public domain is an important element. This essay argues that achieving openness in fields of patentable technology may require cyberinfrastructure that is designed to accommodate flexibility in the management of intellectual property. First, the potential value of patents is explored as they support the goal of open access. For some technologies, collaborative cyberinfrastructure may inadvertently restrict open access because placing a technology in the public domain removes the leverage a patent owner has to influence downstream activity. Second, this paper considers the potential role of defensive publishing in cyberinfrastructure; a lack of control over how the inventions are published may make it easier for others to surround the published technology with patents, ultimately limiting open access. In some instances, strategic defensive publishing may be warranted in order to place technologies more securely in the public domain. Both of these discussions explore the likelihood that designing cyberinfrastructure for innovation in patentable technology fields demands a keen understanding of the interface between the public domain and patents, and also a balance between retaining options for IP management and enabling the fluidity of collaboration.
Knowledge management architectures beyond technology
Authors: Capozzi Marla M.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Is 'designing' cyberinfrastructure -or even, definining it- possible?
Authors: Freeman Peter A.
Published: May 2013

In the technical world, ‘design’ implies having a set of specifications to which the resulting design responds. This, in turn, implies that you know what it is that you are designing — i.e. that you can describe or define it. The current state of understanding of cyberinfrastructure calls into question both of these assertions. This brief paper will suggest some important considerations.
Infrastructure commons in economic perspective
Authors: Frischmann Brett M.
Published: May 2013

None Available
The role of patents in technology markets: Issues pertaining to data collection and analysis
Authors: Guellec Dominique , Zuniga Maria Pluvia
Published: May 2013

None Available
Understanding infrastructure: History, heuristics and cyberinfrastructure policy
Authors: Jackson Steven J. , Edwards Paul N. , Bowker Geoffrey C. , Knobel Cory P.
Published: May 2013

None Available
A simple method to improve life sciences patent searches using the cyberinfrastructure at the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Jensen Kyle , Jinan Chen , Murray Fiona
Published: May 2013

None Available
Cyberinfrastructure and innovation policy
Authors: Kahin Brian
Published: May 2013

The National Science Foundation’s cyberinfrastructure initiative evokes the federal program and policy initiatives around the Internet 15–20 years ago. Although there are important differences between the leading edge platform infrastructure of the Internet and cyberinfrastructure’s focus on knowledge, community, and resource integration, both involve boundary–crossing that provokes interaction with the social and economic environment. This interaction has led to new forms of technology–enabled “private ordering” and “virtual organization.”

The Internet standards (and therefore the Internet as infrastructure) were the product of a legendary virtual organization, the IETF, which was supported by research funding for science–based data communications. This proved a powerful but unspoken standards policy that ultimately triumphed over the official standards setting process for data communications. Cyberinfrastructure remains very concerned with standards, but with adopting open international standards to ensure interoperability rather than pioneering them.

Public research, infrastructure development, and standards are closely allied as elements of innovation policy in IT. The other key element, the patent system, looks like it should be an aspect knowledge infrastructure, but it operates very differently, especially in the IT sector where an overabundance of questionable patents has led to failure of public disclosure — a principal purpose of the patent system — and growing tension between patents and both standards and infrastructure development. Bridging this gap may be the greatest challenge facing the evolution of cyberinfrastructure.
Social and behavioral scientists building cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Lightfoot David W.
Published: May 2013

None Available
The Florida folklike digitization and education project
Authors: Norman Joanna
Published: May 2013

The State Library and Archives of Florida’s Florida Folklife Digitization and Education Project was a two–year IMLS–funded project intended to enhance access to the Florida Folklife Collection, to develop educational resources based on the Collection, and to make these cultural and educational resources accessible to lifelong learners on the Florida Memory Project Web site at http://www.floridamemory.com.
Keynote address: Envisioning American art 2.0
Authors: Broun Elizabeth
Published: May 2013

None Available
Stewarding potential
Authors: Sledge Jane
Published: May 2013

None Available
Digital humanities and the IMLS/NEH Advancing Knowledge Partnership
Authors: Bobley Brett
Published: May 2013

None Available
Collaboration and the cyberinfrastructure: Academic collaboration with museums and libraries in the digital era
Authors: Rosenzweig Roy
Published: May 2013

This talk, which was presented at the 2007 WebWise conference in Washington, DC, argues for the importance of collaboration between scholars in the humanities and museums, libraries, and archives, especially in the digital era. It is illustrated with examples drawn from the work of the Center for History and New Media, which the author directs.
Defining digital stewardship in the digital age
Authors: Zorich Diane M.
Published: May 2013

The 2007 WebWise Conference on “Stewardship in the Digital Age” brought together over 40 speakers to explore the issues of preserving and accessing cultural heritage in digital form. The following article summarizes the conference presentations, prevailing themes, and challenges that remain, and suggests that digitization forces us to rethink assumptions about preservation and access in the context of cultural stewardship.
Welcome to WebWise
Authors: Radice Anne-Imelda , Jordan Jay , Hamma Ken , Bishoff Liz
Published: May 2013

None Available
Infomania: Why we can't afford to ignore it any longer
Authors: Zeldes Nathan , Sward David , Louchheim Sigal
Published: May 2013

The combination of e-mail overload and interruptions is widely recognized as a major disrupter of knowledge worker productivity and quality of life, yet few organizations take serious action against it. This paper makes the case that this action should be a high priority, by analyzing the severe impact of the problem in both qualitative and quantitative terms. We attempt to provide sufficient supporting data from the scientific literature and from corporate surveys to enable change agents to make the case and convince their organizations to authorize such action.
e-Exclusion and Bot Rights: Legal aspects of the robots exclusion standard for public agencies and other public sector bodies with Swedish examples
Authors: Lundblad Nicklas
Published: May 2013

Public sector use of the robot exclusion standard raises interesting questions about transparency, availability of public sector information and the principle of public access to information. This paper explores both actual examples of how public sector agencies in Sweden use the standard and an analysis of the legal problems related to use of the standard.
Rearchitecting the music business: Mitigating music piracy by cutting out the record companies
Authors: Frost Robert L.
Published: May 2013

Disintermediation - the process of removing superfluous agents in a transaction chain - has been a major promise of e-commerce. Disintermediation offers the benefits of lowering prices to consumers and a better information-feedback loop between producers and consumers. In this paper, I propose a systematic model of disintermediation in the recorded-music business. Were such a model successful and tied to digital distribution, prices to consumers would fall considerably, artist compensation would rise, online piracy would drop, and the information-feedback loops necessary for signaling consumer tastes back to artists would become far more efficient as information asymmetries were mitigated. Such a model would leverage recommender systems as a way to determine consumer choices beyond the use of simple sales figures.
The new shape of online community: The example of Swedish independent music fandom
Authors: Baym Nancy K.
Published: May 2013

Online groups are taking new forms as participants spread themselves amongst multiple Internet and offline platforms. The multinational online community of Swedish independent music fans exemplifies this trend. This participant-observation analysis of this fandom shows how sites are interlinked at multiple levels, and identifies several implications for theorists, researchers, developers, industry and independent professionals, and participants.
Scientific citations in Wikipedia
Authors: Nielsen Finn Arup
Published: May 2013

The Internet-based encyclopaedia Wikipedia has grown to become one of the most visited Web sites on the Internet, but critics have questioned the quality of entries. An empirical study of Wikipedia found errors in a 2005 sample of science entries. Biased coverage and lack of sources are among the "Wikipedia risks." This paper describes a simple assessment of these aspects by examining the outbound links from Wikipedia articles to articles in scientific journals with a comparison against journal statistics from Journal Citation Reports such as impact factors. The results show an increasing use of structured citation markup and good agreement with citation patterns seen in the scientific literature though with a slight tendency to cite articles in high-impact journals such as Nature and Science. These results increase confidence in Wikipedia as a reliable information resource for science in general.
Revisiting the Four Horsemen of the Infopocalypse: Representations of anonymity and the Internet in Canadian newspapers
Authors: Carey Robert F. , Burkell Jacquelyn
Published: May 2013

The concept of anonymity is central to much discussion about the Internet. In this paper, we wish to identify the term's work in the context of more expansive claims about the function, value and consequences of networked information technology in society. We argue that themes and topics in a sample of Canadian print news stories are exemplary of a discourse about the Internet in which anonymity is portrayed as an element that facilitates positive or negative social outcomes of the technology.
Book Reviews
Authors: Connell Ruth , Bloom Alan
Published: May 2013

none.
Can the Internet cope with stress?
Authors: Lisewski Andreas Martin
Published: May 2013

When will the Internet wake up and become aware of itself? In this note the problem is approached by asking an alternative question: Can the Internet cope with stress? By extrapolating the psychological difference between coping and defense mechanisms, a distributed software experiment is outlined which could reject the hypothesis that the Internet is not a conscious entity.
Shout Into the Wind, and It Shouts Back: Identity and interactional tensions on LiveJournal
Authors: Kendall Lori
Published: May 2013

The use of LiveJournal to create personal journal-style weblogs exposes issues concerning identity management and audience control. Tensions exist between (1) notions of diaries as personal and private vs. the recognition of online journals as public and performative; (2) the efficiency of blending one's social contacts into one audience vs. the ability to provide different self-presentations to different groups; (3) the desire for personal control of discourse vs. the desire for connection to others; and (4) values of individualism and autonomy vs. the desire for feedback and attention. Contents
Formal and substantial Internet information skills: The role of socio-demographic differences on the possession of different components of digital literacy
Authors: Gui Marco
Published: May 2013

The literature about digital inequality has pointed out the role of so-called "digital skills" in contributing to a full exploitation of the opportunities of the Web for individuals. Research has started to measure the differences in online skills on a socio-demographic base, finding relevant disparities. Since different components of digital skills have been described in theory, it is not clear which of them are influenced by specific social variables and which are not. This study goes a step further in the analysis of "digital skills," concentrating on two different components of them: "formal information skills" and "substantial information skills." Complex search tasks were assigned to a quota sample made up of young people in northern Italy, divided by gender and education level. The results show that when other important variables associated with digital skills (age, experience with the Web, availability of hardware and software) are kept constant differences in gender and education have an influence on substantial information skills, but not on formal ones. This provides evidence for the assumption that a substantial part of digital skills represent a socially relevant factor for digital inequality, even when education and the spread of new media have standardized the level of formal skills.
Networked-centered is an oxymoron
Authors: Ghosh Rishab
Published: May 2013

An examination of what the phrase, network-centered computing, stands for among various groups.
Corporate Metamorphosis: The Effects of the New Media
Authors: Murphy Sean
Published: May 2013

Virtual corporations may change the way business is done by bringing people with similar ideas and mandates together, regardless of physical distances.
FM Interviews: Bonnie Nardi
Authors: Valauskas Edward , Nardi Bonnie
Published: May 2013

Spreadsheet anthropologist Apple researcher Bonnie Nardi observes digital villagers at work.
The Mysterious Disappearance of the White House Speech Archive
Authors: Wiggins Richard
Published: May 2013

The White House has been one of the leading government agencies in the United States in using the Internet to publish and distribute information. Staff of the White House have been particularly quick in using new technologies to make different kinds of files available, including audio. For a small portion of this year, an archive of White House speeches and its index disappeared. The files were restored, but their temporary loss raises some important questions over the maintenance of Internet information by governmental agencies.
Possible economic consequences of digital cash
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuo
Published: May 2013

Digital cash brings benefits as well as problems. One major advantage of digital cash is its increased efficiency opening new opportunities, especially for small businesses. On the other hand, it will encourage potentially the worsening of problems over taxation and money laundering. In turn, these problems may alter foreign exchange rates, disturb money supplies, and encourage an overall financial crisis.The transnationality of digital cash — the ability of digital cash to flow freely across national borders — encourages these benefits and problems, and could have significant repercussions internationally.From an economic view, this transnationality is the most important characteristic of digital cash. If digital cash behaved like traditional currencies, circulating within a national border and controlled by a central monetary authority, there would be few economic implications that would be worth analyzing. In this scenario, digital cash would be nothing more than a convenient transaction method such as a credit card.However, digital cash’s very transnationality has the potential to cause conflict between cyberspace and nation states. If digital cash spreads successfully in the next century, its history may be written as a transcript of economic battles between nation states.
Prospects for remailers
Authors: Parekh Sameer
Published: May 2013

Remailers have permitted Internet users to take advantage of the medium as a means to communicate with others globally on sensitive issues while maintaining a high degree of privacy. Recent events have clearly indicated that privacy is increasingly at risk on the global networks. Individual efforts have, so far, worked well in maintaining for most Internet users a modicum of anonymity. With the growth of increasingly sophisticated techniques to defeat anonymity, there will be a need for both standards and policies to continue to make privacy on the Internet a priority.
Captioning video clips on the World Wide Web
Authors: Freed Geoff
Published: May 2013

- public broadcasting's Web site visited by more than 2,000 users a day - as its test-bed for research and field-testing of solutions. The Web Access Project is made possible by the support of the Telecommunications Funding Partnership for People with Disabilities, and The Boston Foundation.

This paper will describe NCAM's prototype method for captioning QuickTime video clips. The current technology employed is Apple Macintosh-based only but the captioned movies operate on either Macintosh or PC platforms. It is important to note that the procedures described in this paper represent solutions still under development. They are likely to change as technology improves.
Last writes? The law review in the age of cyberspace
Authors: Hibbitts Bernard
Published: May 2013

This article reassesses the history and future of the law review in light of changing technological and academic conditions. It analyzes why law reviews developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and describes how three different waves of criticism have reflected shifting professorial, professional and pedagogical concerns about the genre. Recent editorial reforms and the inauguration of on-line services and electronic law journals appear to solve some of the law review's traditional problems, but the author suggests that these procedural and technological modifications leave the basic criticisms of the law review system unmet. In this context, the author proposes that legal writers self-publish on the World Wide Web, as he has done in an extended version of the present piece. This strategy would give legal writers more control over the substance and form of their scholarship, would create more opportunities for spontaneity and creativity, and would promote more direct dialogue between legal thinkers.
E-mail for democracy? A comforting image (A Commentary on Habits of Mind and a New Technology of Freedom)
Authors: Treitler Inga E.
Published: May 2013

Commentary on Lloyd Morrisett's theme of the written medium as a means to protect and enhance freedom in society.
Copyright law and electronic access to information
Authors: Litman Jessica
Published: May 2013

At the same time as we have been discovering the Internet's enormous potential to enhance access to information and revolutionize the ways libraries do business, the Internet's high profile in popular media has made it the focus of a wide spectrum of fears about the future. This paper focuses on pending proposals to amend copyright law to enhance the control copyright owners wield over the appearance of their works on digital networks. These proposals would stifle libraries' use of the Internet. Libraries and their supporters must participate in the copyright debate, and think creatively about new models for copyright. The paper is adapted from a speech given to the Library and Information Technology Association at the 1996 Annual Conference of the American Library Association.
Spirituality and technology: Exploring the relationship
Authors: Bauwens Michel
Published: May 2013

This essay first looks at some of the social and cultural changes associated with the notion of a Digital Revolution, the result of the growth of the Internet and the emergence of 'cyberspace'. It then examines some basic 'spiritual' attitudes and how various debates within and between different schools of thought are changing attitudes about technology. Technology can be seen both as a degenerate practice and/or as a means to bring mankind to a higher level of consciousness or to a more well-developed civilization. Finally, the essay will discuss some of the emergent spiritual practices on the Internet itself.
Prologue
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
A prophecy and a solution
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Foundation
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Why computers are ineffective today
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Section IV: Computer Advantages
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Section VI: Additional Considerations
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Book Reviews
Authors: Valauskas Edward J. , Hodson James
Published: May 2013

None available.
Agency of the InfoZone: Exploring the effects of a community network
Authors: McInnes Alice
Published: May 2013

Analyzes perceptions and impact of the InfoZone, a community network, on the residents of Telluride, Colorado, through a series of taped interviews.
Internet in Sierra Leone: Way forward
Authors: Kargbo John A.
Published: May 2013

The Internet which contains untold riches of information and access to people world-wide has been launched in Sierra Leone. This article discusses the potential benefits the country stands to derive from this relatively new technology.
Intelligent Software Agents on the Internet: Chapters 1-3
Authors: Hermans Bjorn
Published: May 2013

Software agents are a rapidly developing area of research. However, to many it is unclear what agents are and what they can (and maybe cannot) do. In the first part, this thesis will provide an overview of these, and many other agent-related theoretical and practical aspects. Besides that, a model is presented which will enhance and extend agents' abilities, but will also improve the way the Internet can be used to obtain or offer information and services on it. The second part is all about trends and developments. On the basis of past and present developments of the most important, relevant and involved parties and factors, future trends and developments are extrapolated and predicted.
Book Reviews.
Authors: Valauskas Edward J. , Gulhati Ashish
Published: May 2013

None available.
FM Interviews: Gary McGraw
Authors: Valauskas Edward
Published: May 2013

None available.
The Internet Oracle: Virtual Authors and Network Community
Authors: Sewell David R.
Published: May 2013

The Internet Oracle (originally, the Usenet Oracle) was one of the earlier forms of collaborative creation on the Net. The submersion of its authors in an anonymous, collective personality may reflect postmodern notions of the "textualization of the self" in digital writing, or perhaps rather a pre-modern conception of nonprofessional writing as an anonymous dialogue among equals. Participants in the Oracle identify with a "hackish culture" that values wit, self-reflexivity, and anti-authoritarianism, and have managed to create a virtual community with its own conventions and mythos. Originally published in late 1992, this essay has been updated with links to material now available on the Web, and a new Appendix surveys changes in the Internet Oracle since 1992, provides links to new Oracle resources, and considers whether the original conclusions remain valid after four frenetic years of Internet growth.
Haiti and Internet Governance
Authors: Quarterman John S.
Published: May 2013

Who owns the top level Internet domains? How are decisions made over their assignments? This paper explores the recent history of the top level domain HT for Haiti, as an example of the need to re-examine procedures and processes developed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and other organizations and individuals.
Archaeology online: New life for old dead things
Authors: Jacobs Paul F. , Holland Chris
Published: May 2013

Discusses the publication of archaeological materials through DigMaster, an online experiment in new ways of presenting data to, and providing collaboration for, the archaeological community.
Monetary Policy Implications of Electronic Money
Authors: Berentsen Aleksander
Published: May 2013

The term digital money refers to various proposed electronic payment mechanisms designed for use by consumers to make retail payments. Digital money products have the potential to replace central bank currency, thereby affecting the money supply. This paper studies the effect of replacing central bank currency on the narrowly defined stock of money under various assumptions regarding regulatory policies and monetary operations of central banks and the reaction of the banking system.
E-Journals, Archives and Knowledge Networks: A Commentary on Archie Zariski's Defense of Electronic Law Journals
Authors: Hibbitts Bernard
Published: May 2013

, Professor Archie Zariski asserted that, despite recent musings to the contrary, electronic legal periodicals have a bright future in the age of the Internet. This article challenges that contention, arguing that in law as in other disciplines, the reach, dynamism and interactivity of the Internet offer opportunities for the development of new scholarly publishing paradigms - in particular, archives and "knowledge networks" - which have the potential to enrich and envigorate legal learning more than even the most progressive electronic legal journals.
Hypertext Links: Whither Thou Goest, and Why
Authors: Harrison Claire
Published: May 2013

The link is the basic element of hypertext, and researchers have long recognized that links provide semantic relationships for users. Yet little work has been done to understand the nature of these relationships, particularly in conjunction with the purposes of organizational/informational Web sites. This paper explores the semantic and rhetorical principles underlying link development and proposes a systematic, comprehensive classification of link types that would be of use to researchers and Web production teams.
Corporate Cyberstalking: An Invitation to Build Theory
Authors: Bocij Paul
Published: May 2013

Cyberstalking describes a relatively new form of stalking behaviour where technology is used as the medium of harassment. The term corporate cyberstalking is often used to describe incidents that involve organisations, such as companies and government departments. This paper uses a number of case studies in order to propose a typology of corporate cyberstalking. It is suggested that incidents involving corporate cyberstalking can be divided into two broad groups, depending on whether or not the organisation acts as a stalker or as a victim. Examining the motivations behind corporate cyberstalking allows these groups to be subdidvided further. The motives behind corporate cyberstalking can range from a desire for revenge against an employer to cyberterrorism. The paper also briefly discusses definitions of stalking and cyberstalking, concluding with a revised definition of cyberstalking that is more in keeping with the material discussed.
Examining the Determinants of Who is Hyperlinked to Whom: A Survey of Webmasters in Korea
Authors: Park Han
Published: May 2013

This paper assesses the determinants of who is hyperlinked to whom on the Web. It details the results of a conducted survey with 64 Korean Webmasters to examine the reasons Web sites form hyperlink networks with other sites. The results indicated that Webmasters consider the credibility of hyperlinked Web sites to be above average when deciding to hyperlink. Particularly, the item "usefulness" had the highest score, indicating that Web sites are more likely to hyperlink to Web sites possessing practical content, information, or services. Additionally, the qualitative analysis reveals that hyperlinking motivations and advantages are largely grouped into two dimensions: navigational functionality and for business purposes.
Beyond "Couch Potatoes": From Consumers to Designers and Active Contributors
Authors: Fischer Gerhard
Published: May 2013

The fundamental challenge for computational media is to contribute to the invention and design of cultures in which humans can express themselves and engage in personally meaningful activities. Cultures are substantially defined by their media and tools for thinking, working, learning, and collaborating. New media change (1) the structure and contents of our interests; (2) the nature of our cognitive and collaborative tools; and, (3) the social environment in which thoughts originate and evolve, and mindsets develop.

Unfortunately, a large number of new media are designed from the perspective of seeing and treating humans primarily as consumers. In personally meaningful activities, the possibility for humans to be and to act as designers (in cases in which they desire to do so) should be accessible not only to a small group of "high-tech scribes," but rather to all interested individuals and groups. While the core message of the article applies to cultures, mindsets, media, technologies, and educational systems in general, my examples are mostly drawn from computational media, and more specifically from human computer interaction as a particular domain.
The Uses of Networking for Promoting Sociological Research
Authors: Chermesh Ran
Published: May 2013

This article describes an initiative to incorporate the Internet into the sociology curriculum of a behavioral sciences department in Israel. The original plan of the project included running a small pilot course for the first year and introducing a large, semi-required, course in the following year. The agenda of the course treated the Internet as a source of raw data (content analysis of chats, of newspapers' headlines, data archives, etc.), as a source of processed data (official statistics), and a source of theoretical information (academic databases). Even though the pilot course confirmed the feasibility of the project, implementation of the semi-required course was blocked. A system approach, including the setting, the audiences (colleagues and students), and the course itself, is used to explain the unsatisfactory outcome.
Users with Disability Need Not Apply? Web Accessibility in Ireland, 2002
Authors: McMullin Barry
Published: May 2013

Users with a variety of disabilities can potentially benefit greatly from using the Internet to mediate their access to products and services; however, this relies on the proper server side design of Web sites to facilitate such access. Design of accessible Web content is codified in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Compliance with WCAG (and/or similar, derivative, guidelines) is now the subject of considerable activity, both legal and technical, in many different jurisdictions. Within this overall international context, this paper reports on a project to carry out an automated baseline survey of WCAG compliance of Web sites based in Ireland. Summary results are presented and discussed. Recommendations are made for policy action, relevant both in Ireland and beyond.
Index to volume 7 (2002) of First Monday
Authors: Valauskas Edward J.
Published: May 2013

None available
Online Grocery Shopping: Consumer Motives, Concerns, and Business Models
Authors: Kempiak Mike , Fox Mark
Published: May 2013

Dot.com entrepreneurs failed spectacularly in their attempts to create e-grocery companies. This paper examines consumer motives and concerns with regard to online grocery shopping. The reasons for the success experienced by traditional bricks-and-mortar companies that have expanded into this market are also examined.
A Gendered World: Students and Instructional Technologies
Authors: Rajagopal Indhu , Bojin Nis
Published: May 2013

Gender has become a significant issue in the various discussions related to the use of computers and instructional technologies (IT) in higher education. Are gender differences relevant in the students' learning process and their use of technological components in their courses? Is gender significant in determining the use of IT by students in colleges and universities? Does the study of how gender influences students' use of software and presentation formats, throw light on other general behavioural aspects of academic computer-users? This study uses surveys, both direct and online, of students in universities and colleges to explore whether gender is a critical variable in understanding what is labelled as user-friendly computer instruction and learning, Internet searches, and presentation software tools. It also seeks to explore whether and if so why, women students, as distinct from the men, do or do not embrace IT in their learning endeavors or use the new technological tools in handling their courses.
Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule (Forward)
Authors: Kalathil Shanthi , Boas Taylor
Published: May 2013

None available
Collaborative development of open content: A process model to unlock the potential for African universities
Authors: Keats Derek
Published: May 2013

Given the cost of content, the under-resourcing of universities and the scattered nature of expertise in Africa, the collaborative development of open content seems like a useful way to get high-quality, locally-relevant content for using to enhance teaching-and-learning. However, there is currently no published operational model to guide institutions or individuals in creating collaborative open content projects. This paper examines lessons learned from open source software development and uses these lessons to build the foundations of a process model for the collaborative development of open content.
Introduction: FLOSS at Large
Authors: Lin Yuwei
Published: May 2013

None available