bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TiO2 Surface Hybridisation with Ag and CuO for Solar‐Assisted Environmental Remediation and Sustainable Energy Applications
Authors: Dvoranová D. , Koci K. , Lajaunie L. , Edelmannova M. F. , Seabra M. P. , Brezová V. , Arenal R. , Labrincha J. A. , Tobaldi D. M.
Published: October 2024

Industrialisation has led to unprecedented levels of outdoor air pollution, posing a significant health risk to human beings. Consequently, there is an urgent need to replace fossil fuels with sustainable energy sources, thereby mitigating these risks and providing a safer outdoor and indoor environment. Titanium dioxide is a versatile transition metal oxide with applications ranging from energy conversion to environmental remediation. However, it faces limitations, particularly in its absorption spectrum and charge separation efficiency, and enhancing these properties remains a significant challenge. In this research work, we have decorated the surface of TiO2 hybridising it with noble‐metal and/or noble‐metal oxides (Ag and/or CuO) to improve the photocatalytic performances (monitoring the removal of nitrogen oxides and benzene, and hydrogen generation from water splitting) under simulated solar‐light irradiation. Our results showed that titania modified with an Ag : Cu molar ratio equal to 1 : 1, not only exhibited the most promising performance in terms of nitrogen oxides and benzene removal, it was the optimum amount for the light‐induced generation of hydrogen from water splitting.
Understanding the CSR‐luxury paradox: The duality of luxury and responsibility in consumer perceptions
Authors: Sun Yanqi , Mai Tianxiang , Xu Cheng
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the intricate dynamics between luxury businesses' environmental responsibility initiatives and consumer perceptions, grounded in the theory of reasoned action. Utilizing three experimental studies, this article explores the interplay of corporate social responsibility (CSR) message framing (responsibility‐focused vs. dignity‐focused) and the nature of the luxury business (established vs. entrepreneurial). Study 1 examines the interaction between luxury brand type and CSR message framing, revealing that responsibility‐focused narratives enhance consumer interest in entrepreneurial brands but not in established ones. Study 2 investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying these effects, finding that dignity‐focused narratives increase consumer engagement through perceived authenticity and alignment with self‐image. Study 3 employs longitudinal field research to track actual buying behaviors, showing that dignity‐focused messages significantly boost spending, brand loyalty, and satisfaction, particularly for entrepreneurial brands. The findings illuminate the nuanced consumer reactions to CSR initiatives, underscoring the importance of message framing and brand nature in shaping luxury consumption attitudes.
Stoichiometric Regeneration of Biomimetic Nicotinamide Coenzyme Powered by Biomass Sugars via In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystems
Authors: Li Qiangzi , Su Hao , Meng Dongdong , Qin Yanmei , Wu Ranran , Zhu Zhiguang , Sheng Xiang , You Chun , Job Zhang Yi‐Heng P.
Published: October 2024

Biomimetic nicotinamide coenzymes, including nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN+), have been demonstrated as promising low‐cost alternatives to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)+) in biocatalysis. Herein, to efficiently regenerate NMNH from NMN+ in vitro powered by biomass sugars, a thermophilic NADP+‐dependent glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima (TmG6PDH) was engineered to increase the activity toward NMN+. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of optimal mutant (TmG6PDH−R7) toward NMN+ increased by 71.7‐fold than TmG6PDH‐WT. As a result, compared to the wild type, the coenzyme specificity ([kcat/Km]NMN+/[kcat/Km]NADP+) of TmG6PDH−R7 increased by ~2.0×105‐fold. The structural analysis revealed that the introduced hydrophobic and bulky residues lead to the formation of a smaller binding pocket, which resulting in a higher affinity for NMN+ with small size than NADP+. Then several in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEBs) comprising this thermophilic TmG6PDH−R7 and a previously engineered thermophilic 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were constructed. These ivSEBs harnessed the complete oxidation of renewable biomass sugars to facilitate the stoichiometric regeneration of 12 molecules of NMNH from 1 molecule of glucose, thereafter producing various products such as levodione, 2,3‐butanediol or bioelectricity, over a wide temperature range. This study could pave the way for using stable and low‐cost biomimetic coenzymes in ivSEBs for industrial biomanufacturing.
In‐Situ Preparation of Iron(II)‐phthalocyanine@multi‐Walled‐CNTs Nanocomposite for Quasi‐Solid‐State Flexible Symmetric Supercapacitors with Long Cycling Life
Authors: Lu Yongwang , Pang Xin , Li Minzhang , Liang Man , Wang Wei , He Qinyu , Qahramon Zarifzoda Afzalshoh , Chen Fuming
Published: October 2024

The construction of supercapacitor electrode materials with exceptional performance is crucial to the commercialisation of flexible supercapacitors. Here, a novel in‐situ precipitation technique was applied for constructing iron(II)‐phthalocyanine (FePc) based nanocomposite as the electrode material in quasi‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors. The highly redox‐active FePc nanostructures were grown in the multi‐walled‐CNTs (MWCNTs) networks, which shows convenient electron/electrolyte ion transport pathways along with outstanding structural stability, leading to high energy storage and long cycling life. The electrode of FePc@MWCNTs delivered a higher specific capacity than that of individual MWCNTs and FePc. The quasi‐solid‐state symmetric flexible device that was constructed using FePc@MWCNTs electrode demonstrated impressive performance with a maximum energy density of 29.7 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 4000 W kg−1. Moreover, the device demonstrated superior durability and flexibility, as evidenced by its exceptional cyclic stability (111.3 %) even after 30000 cycles at 8 A g−1. These results reveal that the FePc@MWCNTs nanocomposite prepared by this simple in‐situ precipitation method is promising as electrode material for next‐generation flexible wearable power sources.
Factors associated with knowledge in African immigrants with personal experiences of dementia
Authors: Nkimbeng Manka , Aswani Truphosa (Posa) , Albers Elle , Russell Wynfred N. , Shippee Tetyana P. , Gaugler Joseph E.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Dementia literacy shapes understanding of care and caregiving and thus influences the health outcomes of the care partner and the person living with dementia.

METHODS

Linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with dementia knowledge among a cross‐sectional sample of African immigrants with personal experiences of dementia.

RESULTS

Among 191 participants, the mean age was 36 (± 13.8) years, 64% were male, and 81% were care partners. Second‐generation African immigrants had statistically significant higher knowledge about dementia causes (4 ± 1.5 vs. 3.5 ± 1.6). Participants who would seek care at health organizations and community networks had higher dementia knowledge compared to those who would seek care at community networks alone (b: 1.23 95% confidence interval [0.25, 2.21]).

DISCUSSION

Where an African immigrant would seek care was associated with dementia knowledge. Thus, incorporating community care preferences and community‐based approaches into national programs such as the Healthy Brain Initiative, can enhance dementia outreach efforts.

Highlights

Effective use of community engagement with Africans to explore current dementia knowledge.

Second‐generation African immigrants may have more dementia knowledge.

African immigrant caregivers may have more dementia knowledge.

African immigrants who seek community care only have limited dementia knowledge.
Shorter Migration Distance and Breeding Latitude Correlate With Earlier Egg‐Laying Across the Northeastern Pacific Ocean Range of the Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata)
Authors: Cross Cayle J. R. , Studholme Katharine R. , Drever Mark C. , Domalik Alice D. , Hipfner J. Mark , Crossin Glenn T.
Published: October 2024

Models of migratory behavior predict trade‐offs between fitness costs and benefits with respect to migration distance. Shorter migration distances may confer a fitness benefit by facilitating earlier breeding, however this is rarely investigated. We tested this hypothesis using a large‐scale geolocation (GLS) dataset from 109 rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata), a differentially migrating seabird, that was tagged at 12 breeding colonies along the Pacific Coast of North America, spanning southern California to the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Using GLS‐based position estimates, we determined the geographic centroid of the pelagic areas occupied by birds in winter (1 January–28 February) and then calculated the distance between their wintering centroids and colony of origin. We then used GLS light‐intensity and salt‐water immersion (wet/dry) data to determine each individual's date of egg‐laying the following spring. Rhinoceros auklets were very widely distributed across the northeastern Pacific Ocean in winter. Among all individuals, the distance between winter centroids and breeding colonies ranged from < 100 to > 2500 km, being greater among individuals originating from colonies at higher latitudes. As predicted, migration distance and colony latitude were positively related to lay date: after accounting for colony‐level differences in phenology, individuals that migrated shorter distances tended to lay their eggs earlier, a pattern that emerged across all populations. Our study links the migration distance of rhinoceros auklets to a fitness‐related outcome, underscoring the selective pressure that migration exerts on subsequent breeding activity.
Optimization of drawing sequence in longwall top coal caving mining through an FDM‐DEM model
Authors: Huo Yuming , Wang Shaozhuo , Zhu Defu , Wang Zhonglun
Published: October 2024

The Longwall top coal caving (LTCC) technology is regarded as one of the most crucial approaches for exploiting thick coal seams. A crucial and effective approach for improving the recovery rate of top coal and reducing coal resource losses in LTCC faces is to reasonably select process parameters based on actual mining and geological conditions of different mines. The main focus of this paper is the engineering background of the 12,309 LTCC face in Wangjialing Coal Mine. A numerical model is developed using FALC3D and PFC3D software, employing a finite difference method and discrete element method. This model takes into account predetermined cutting and caving ratios, as well as drawing intervals. To examine the caving process and roof particles, three different drawing sequences were examined: sequential drawing, segmented sequential drawing, and intermittent drawing. The findings suggest that, in terms of the reset shape of the drawing body before individual and entire caving, the segmented sequential drawing method exhibits noticeable drawbacks compared to the other two methods. From the perspective of the drawing weight, following “closing drawing opening when seeing gangue”, the sequential drawing, segmented sequential drawing, and intermittent drawing methods can yield 32.42 t, 26.87 t, and 35.78 t of top coal, with corresponding recovery rates of 73.39%, 60.81%, and 82.97%. Therefore, it can be concluded that intermittent drawing is suitable for implementation on LTCC working face 12,309.
Application of Multivariate Data Analysis Methods for Rapid Detection and Quantification of Adulterants in Lavender Essential Oil Using Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: El Mrabet Abdennacer , El Orche Aimen , Diane Abderrahim , Alami Lamiae , Said Amal Ait Haj , Bouatia Mustapha , El Otmani Ibrahim Sbai
Published: October 2024

Lavender, widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region, produces essential oil known for its significant biological activities and is a key component of the perfume industry due to its high levels of Linalool and Linalyl acetate, along with low Camphor content, which contributes to its high cost. However, the market is plagued by adulterated lavender oil, often mixed with cheaper alternatives such as eucalyptus and rosemary. Current detection methods, primarily gas chromatography, are expensive, time‐consuming and often fail to detect low levels of adulteration. To address these limitations, this study examines the use of mid‐infrared spectroscopy for the detection and prediction of adulteration levels. A set of 105 samples, comprising pure lavender oil and adulterated lavender oil, was prepared in the laboratory. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering ascending (HCA) and K‐means clustering were applied to the FT‐MIR results for qualitative analysis to effectively discriminate between authentic and adulterated essential oils. For quantitative analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to develop accurate calibration models for predicting the percentage of adulteration. The results from PCA, HCA and K‐means demonstrated the efficacy of these techniques in detecting adulteration, even at low levels (2%). Calibration models were developed using the PLSR method with different spectral preprocessing techniques to predict the percentage of adulteration, with results indicating that models generated on the raw data and those using MSC (multiplicative signal correction) pre‐processing are optimal. In addition, the use of interval‐partial least squares (IPLS) variable selection techniques (Forward, Backward) improved the predictive accuracy of the models developed by reducing the number of wavelengths used.
Isolation and characterization of a novel phage P785, its combination with thermal processing for the biocontrol of Escherichia coli in milk
Authors: Yin Hongmei , Wang Jinli , Zou Likou , Liang Anjian , Zhu Chenglin , Fu Yu , Chen Juan , Tang Junni
Published: October 2024

Escherichia coli is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. In food industry, heat treatment is the most commonly used means of sterilization. Bacteriophage is a new type of antibacterial agent. The combination of heat stable bacteriophage and heat treatment technology to control E. coli pollution in food is a new antibacterial method. A bacteriophage P785 capable of cleaving E. coli was isolated in this study. P785 belongs to the myxoviridae family. It could cleave 21 strains of bacteria, with a cleavage capacity of 83 PFU/cell, and the optimal multiple of infection (MOI) was 0.01. It has good tolerance to high temperature, pH, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and four organic reagents. No genes encoding virulence were found in the whole genome. When P785 (MOI = 10,000) was added to milk combined with heat treatment (55°C, 30 min), the number of host bacteria was less than 1 lg (CFU/mL) in 0–15 days under the storage condition of 4°C, and no host bacteria survived in 30 days. The results showed that P785 had a good killing effect on E. coli, and its combination with thermal processing could reduce the thermal processing temperature and prolong the shelf life of food.
Performance Study of Microbial Electrolysis Cell Treatment of Sulfate‐Containing Wastewater Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Pan Yubing , Xiang Junping , Li Yanan , Jiang Qing , Shi Ke , Cheng Dongle , Qiao Yanlu , Wang Bo , Xue Jianliang , Lu Jianjiang
Published: October 2024

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can effectively treat sulfate‐containing wastewater, but biocathode microorganisms, such as sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), are susceptible to environmental influences. In practical wastewater treatment, the flow of water in the reactor generates shear forces that directly impact the growth and structure of the biofilm, which leads to changes in MEC efficacy. However, the sulfate reduction efficacy and biofilm community structure changes in MEC reactors under flow conditions have yet to be adequately evaluated. In this study, two‐chamber SRB biocathode MECs were constructed under flow conditions (experimental group [EG]) and stationary conditions (control group [CG]). The sulfate reduction rates of CG and EG were stable and reached 88.9% and 84.45%, respectively. The output voltage and current density of EG were similar to those of CG, indicating that the MEC could operate stably under flow conditions. The community structure of the biocathode indicated a high relative abundance of Desulfomicrobium from EG, which promoted the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. This information reveals the potential of flow in improving the performance of MECs in treating sulfate‐containing wastewater.
A practical approach to building a calcareous nannofossil knowledge graph
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Hu Bin , Ma Chao , Jiang Shijun , Zhang Yi , Li Xin , Chen Lirong , Cai Can , Ye Longgang , Zhou Shengjian , Wang Chengshan
Published: October 2024

Following sustained development, numerous palaeontology databases and datasets of various types have been created. However, the lack of a unified standard language to describe knowledge and unclear sharing mechanisms between different databases and datasets has limited the large‐scale integration and application of paleontological data. The knowledge graph, as a key technology for semantic translation and data fusion, offers a possible solution to these challenges. Given the potential of knowledge graphs to overcome these obstacles, this paper presents a practical approach to express paleontological knowledge in a knowledge graph via the resource description framework language. By delving into the structured data associated with calcareous nannofossil biozones (the UC zone, CC zone and NC zone), we propose an ontology to describe the semantic units and logical relationships of paleontological biozones and species and then integrate relevant species records from unstructured research reports to construct a knowledge graph for calcareous nannofossils, that integrates multisource paleobiological data and knowledge reconstruction. Our focus lies in detailing the technical aspects of constructing a paleontological knowledge graph. The results demonstrate that knowledge graphs can integrate semistructured and unstructured paleontological data from various sources. This work aims to assist palaeontologists in building and utilizing knowledge graphs, serving as an initial effort for future paleontological knowledge reasoning.
Forage yield and nutritive value of plantain and chicory for livestock feed at high altitudes in Peru
Authors: Vallejos‐Fernández Luis A. , Guillén Ricardo , Pinares‐Patiño César , García‐Ticllacuri Rubén , Muñoz‐Vilchez Yudith Y. , Quilcate Carlos , Alvarez‐García Wuesley Y.
Published: October 2024

Background

Evaluation of forage resources is vital for the sustainability of livestock farming in the South American Andes, especially under conditions of low water availability for irrigation and acid soils.

Methods

We evaluated the productivity and nutritive value of two cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and one of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in three high‐altitude sites (AL) of the northern highlands of Peru: AL‐I: 2300–2800 m.a.s.l, AL‐II: 2801–3300 m.a.s.l. and AL‐III: 3301–3800 m.a.s.l., for 1 year. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DMY), plant height (PH), growth rate (GR) and nutritional value.

Results

Plantain achieved the greatest annual DMY (ADMY), PH and GR compared to the two chicory cultivars (9.34, 9.56 and 13.39 Mg ha−1 for Puna II and Sese 100 chicory and Tonic plantain, respectively; p = 0.0019). The greatest ADMY and GR occurred at AL‐I. Regarding nutritional value, differences were observed only for in vitro digestibility of dry matter and metabolisable energy with chicory cultivars higher than plantain.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the three cultivars evaluated may be used as a nutritional supplement in cattle feed, associated with grasses because they have high nutritive value suitable for milk production in the mountain regions of Peru.
Impact of premenstrual tension syndrome on academic performance among female university students from the United Arab Emirates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Omara Eman Ibrahim Mohamed , Salama Rasha Aziz Attia , Tadross Talaat Matter , Ahmed Sirwan Khalid , Mohamed Mona Gamal , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Premenstrual tension syndrome can vary in type and severity among females, potentially affecting their academic performance. This study aims to examine the prevalence and severity of premenstrual tension syndrome symptoms in female university students and their impact on academics.

Methods

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted among female university students from Ras Al Khaimah, UAE over 6 months, from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The updated premenstrual tension syndrome self‐rating scale questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence and severity of symptoms. A total of 251 respondents were included in the study. The chi‐square test was used to determine the association between PMT and academic performance.

Results

The results showed that 78.9% of the participants experienced premenstrual tension syndrome, with 16.3% of them reporting premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The majority of participants reported mild to moderate symptoms, with anxiety and depressed mood being the most common psychological symptoms. In terms of behavioral symptoms, physical symptoms and feeling overwhelmed were the most prevalent. Furthermore, 90% of participants reported a negative impact on their academic performance, with paying attention in class being the most affected. The study also found that PMT disorder had a significant impact on physical activities and extracurricular activities.

Conclusions

Our study showed a high prevalence of premenstrual disorders among female students and their influence on physical activity and extracurricular participation. The study highlights the importance of implementing therapies for PMT syndrome and providing support to improve academic performance and overall quality of life.
Weakly nonlinear analysis of Darcy–Brinkman gravity modulated biothermal convection in rotating porous media
Authors: Akhila P. A. , Patil Mallikarjun B. , Kiran Palle
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the gyrotactic microorganism flow in a rotating porous medium containing Newtonian fluid. Using gravity modulation, Darcy–Brinkman biothermal convection is examined. Linear theory describes the stationary convective mode which derives the expression for critical Rayleigh number. This indicates the onset of bioconvection. The system's marginal stability is demonstrated by graphical and tabular representation which has a good agreement with each other. The Ginzburg–Landau equation governs the Nusselt number, which is used to further explore heat transfer. The study provides an explanation and graphical representation of the effects of the following factors on heat transfer: cell eccentricity, modified Vadasz number and bioconvective Rayleigh–Darcy number, modulation frequency, and amplitude along with Taylor number. The mean Nusselt number has been plotted in the current study. The effect of rotating porous media and gravity modulation is explained in this work. Additionally, a comparison graph is plotted to examine the effects of gravity, both modulated and unmodulated, on the Nusselt number. This demonstrates how well gravity modulation on rotating porous media controls the system's heat transfer. A comparison between numerical and analytical results for unmodulated cases is also explained graphically.
Teacher self‐efficacy and teaching quality: A three‐wave longitudinal investigation
Authors: Burić Irena , Jakšić Krešimir , Balaž Barbara
Published: October 2024

Self‐efficacy beliefs have cyclical nature as they enhance performance and performance, in turn, influences subsequent self‐efficacy beliefs. Likewise, teacher self‐efficacy is proposed to shape teaching quality which, in turn, informs future teacher self‐efficacy beliefs. To examine these associations, longitudinal studies are needed but are still sparse. Therefore, the present research employed a three‐wave longitudinal design to examine the predictive effects of teacher self‐efficacy on teaching quality as well as the predictive effects of teaching quality on future teacher self‐efficacy by using data from large samples of secondary school teachers (N = 1030) and their students (N = 17,381). Teachers self‐reported their efficacy for student engagement, efficacy for instructional strategies and efficacy for classroom management whereas students rated the teaching quality (i.e., cognitive activation, classroom management, and student support) of their teachers. The results of the multilevel structural equation modelling showed that all three dimensions of teacher self‐efficacy predicted teaching quality but teaching quality, in turn, predicted only teacher efficacy for student engagement. These results suggest that efforts in raising teacher self‐efficacy may show fruitful in raising overall teaching effectiveness.
Energy‐efficient power allocation and antenna selection in full‐duplex multi‐cell distributed antenna systems
Authors: Liu Zhan , Hu Ting
Published: October 2024

Energy efficiency problem is investigated in distributed antenna systems (DAS), in which both users and base station (BS) antennas are full‐duplex (FD) capable. Multi‐cell and multi‐user scenario is considered. Users transmit power, BS antennas transmit power, and BS antenna selection are jointly optimized under single‐antenna power constraints, per‐user power constraints, and antenna selection constraints. Using the fractional programming, we convert the objective function equivalently from the fractional form to subtractive form. Then, the reformulated problem is decomposed into two subproblems for iterative optimization, the local optimal solution is obtained. Simulation results show the energy efficiency is significantly better than other reference algorithms and close to the optimal algorithm.
Osteochondral Regeneration With Anatomical Scaffold 3D‐Printing—Design Considerations for Interface Integration
Authors: Nedrelow David S. , Townsend Jakob M. , Detamore Michael S.
Published: October 2024

There is a clinical need for osteochondral scaffolds with complex geometries for restoring articulating joint surfaces. To address that need, 3D‐printing has enabled scaffolds to be created with anatomically shaped geometries and interconnected internal architectures, going beyond simple plug‐shaped scaffolds that are limited to small, cylindrical, focal defects. A key challenge for restoring articulating joint surfaces with 3D‐printed constructs is the mechanical loading environment, particularly to withstand delamination or mechanical failure. Although the mechanical performance of interfacial scaffolds is essential, interface strength testing has rarely been emphasized in prior studies with stratified scaffolds. In the pioneering studies where interface strength was assessed, varying methods were employed, which has made direct comparisons difficult. Therefore, the current review focused on 3D‐printed scaffolds for osteochondral applications with an emphasis on interface integration and biomechanical evaluation. This 3D‐printing focus included both multiphasic cylindrical scaffolds and anatomically shaped scaffolds. Combinations of different 3D‐printing methods (e.g., fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, bioprinting with pneumatic extrusion of cell‐laden hydrogels) have been employed in a handful of studies to integrate osteoinductive and chondroinductive regions into a single scaffold. Most 3D‐printed multiphasic structures utilized either an interdigitating or a mechanical interlocking design to strengthen the construct interface and to prevent delamination during function. The most effective approach to combine phases may be to infill a robust 3D‐printed osteal polymer with an interlocking chondral phase hydrogel. Mechanical interlocking is therefore recommended for scaling up multiphasic scaffold applications to larger anatomically shaped joint surface regeneration. For the evaluation of layer integration, the interface shear test is recommended to avoid artifacts or variability that may be associated with alternative approaches that require adhesives or mechanical grips. The 3D‐printing literature with interfacial scaffolds provides a compelling foundation for continued work toward successful regeneration of injured or diseased osteochondral tissues in load‐bearing joints such as the knee, hip, or temporomandibular joint.
Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting
Authors: Busch Franziska , Leal Otávio dos Anjos , Siebers Nina , Brüggemann Nicolas
Published: October 2024

During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (Nmin: NH4+ and NO3−) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces N2O formation. However, associating Nmin captured by biochar with the dynamics of N2O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4–8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions, Nmin content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM‐EDX and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and Nmin content (mg kg−1) in compost. However, the final NO3− amount (g compost pile−1) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO3− losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH4+, mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO3− content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO3− content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO3−–N kg−1 (44%, strongly retained). Although Nmin retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N2O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover Nmin from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.
HTLV‐1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pokhrel Nitin Kumar , Panfil Amanda R. , Habib Haniya , Seeniraj Shamreethaa , Joseph Ancy , Rauch Daniel , Cox Linda , Sprung Robert , Gilmore Petra Erdmann , Zhang Qiang , Townsend Robert Reid , Yu Lianbo , Yilmaz Ayse Selen , Aurora Rajeev , Park William , Ratner Lee , Weilbaecher Katherine N. , Veis Deborah J.
Published: October 2024

Adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T‐ lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient‐derived ATL cells (ATL‐PDX) and HTLV‐1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T leads to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow‐replacing ATL‐PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone. To study the direct effect of HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX on osteoclasts, supernatants were added to murine and human osteoclast precursors. ATL‐PDX supernatants from hypercalcemic patients promoted the formation of mature osteoclasts, while those from HTLV/T were variably stimulatory, but had largely consistent effects between human and murine cultures. Interestingly, this osteoclastic activity did not correlate with expression of osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), suggesting an alternative mechanism. HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX produce small extracellular vesicles (sEV), known to facilitate HTLV‐1 infection. We hypothesized that these sEV also mediate bone loss by targeting osteoclasts. We isolated sEV from both HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX, and found they carried most of the activity found in supernatants. In contrast, sEV from uninfected activated T cells had little effect. Analysis of sEV (both active and inactive) by mass spectrometry and electron microscopy confirmed absence of RANKL and intact virus. Viral proteins Tax and Env were only present in sEV from the active, osteoclast‐stimulatory group, along with increased representation of proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. sEV from osteoclast‐active HTLV/T injected over mouse calvaria in the presence of low‐dose RANKL caused more osteolysis than osteoclast‐inactive sEV or RANKL alone. Thus, HTLV‐1 infection of T cells can cause release of sEV with strong osteolytic potential, providing a mechanism beyond RANKL production that modifies the bone microenvironment, even in the absence of overt leukaemia.
Shining a light on fluorescent EV dyes: Evaluating efficacy, specificity and suitability by nano‐flow cytometry
Authors: Brealey Joseph , Lees Rebecca , Tempest Robert , Law Alice , Guarnerio Sonia , Maani Rawan , Puvanenthiran Soozana , Peake Nick , Pink Ryan , Peacock Ben
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication, recently recognised for their clinical applications. Accurate characterisation and quantification of EVs are critical for understanding of their function and clinical relevance. Many platforms utilise fluorescence for EV characterisation, frequently labelling surface proteins to identify EVs. The heterogeneity of EVs and the lack of a universal protein marker encourages the use of generic EV labelling methods, including membrane labelling. Using nano‐flow cytometry, we evaluated six membrane dyes, including MemGlow and CellMask. Evaluation criteria included EV labelling efficacy, non‐specific labelling of very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs), brightness and dye aggregation. Significant variation was observed in dye performance, with certain dyes showing poor EV labelling efficacy or high affinity to VLDLs. Importantly, several promising candidates were identified for further investigation. Overall, this study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate membrane dyes for EV staining tailored to the aims of the study and the EV origin. MemGlow and CellMask proved favourable, allowing bright, sensitive staining of EV membranes with minimal aggregation. However, MemGlow showed an affinity to VLDLs, and CellMask requires additional sample handling for optimal labelling. These results contribute to deepening our understanding of EV membrane dyes, allowing for better dye selection and EV identification in future studies.
A phase 2 study of frontline pembrolizumab in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Ho Carrie , Zhu Songli , Gooley Ted , Gujral Taranjit S. , Lynch Ryan C. , Poh Christina , Shadman Mazyar , Smith Stephen D. , Tseng Yolanda , Gopal Ajay K.
Published: October 2024

Background

The tumor microenvironment (TME), including infiltrating T‐cells, is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) and may contribute to its widely varied disease course. We hypothesized that programmed death‐1 inhibition may be most effective in untreated, immunocompetent FL patients. Thus, we developed a phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab as the initial treatment for indolent B‐cell lymphoma.

Methods

Adults with FL or marginal zone lymphoma and an indication for treatment were eligible. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV in 21‐day cycles for up to 18 cycles, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Early response assessment was obtained after cycle 3 with computed tomography (CT), and a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) was obtained after cycle 6 to determine candidacy for continuation in the study. Immunosecretome profiling was performed at baseline and on cycle 2 day 1.

Results

Nine patients with FL were enrolled between February 2019 and April 2021, including eight (89%) with advanced stage, seven (78%) with intermediate/high Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, and six (67%) with high‐tumor burden by Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires. The best overall response rate by FDG PET‐CT was 33% (three partial metabolic responses). Three patients (33%) had stable disease, and three (33%) had progressive disease (including one patient who only had a follow‐up CT). By CT four (44%) experienced a reduction in target lesions, but all were less than partial responses. Grade 3 or higher immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) were seen in two (22%) patients, both with transaminitis and one of whom had concurrent hypophysitis. Another patient had grade 1 pneumonitis, requiring treatment with steroids. No associations between the immunosecretome profile and clinical outcomes could be detected.

Conclusion

Frontline pembrolizumab for FL is associated with limited responses and a clinically significant rate of IRAEs. Alternative strategies for targeting the TME in FL should be explored.
Preferences for pre‐exposure prophylaxis delivery via online pharmacy among potential users in Kenya: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Saldarriaga Enrique M. , Chen Yilin , Montaño Michalina A. , Thuo Nicholas , Kiptinness Catherine , Terris‐Prestholt Fern , Stergachis Andy , Mugambi Melissa Latigo , Ngure Kenneth , Ortblad Katrina F. , Sharma Monisha
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, but coverage remains low in high HIV prevalence settings. Initiating and continuing PrEP remotely via online pharmacies is a promising strategy to expand PrEP uptake, but little is known about potential users’ preferences.

Methods

We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to assess preferences for online pharmacy PrEP services. We partnered with MYDAWA, an online pharmacy in Nairobi, Kenya. Eligibility criteria were: ≥18 years, not known HIV positive, interested in PrEP. The DCE contained four attributes: PrEP eligibility assessment (online self‐assessed, guided), HIV test type (provider administered, oral HIV self‐test [HIVST], blood‐based HIVST), clinical consultation (remote, in‐person) and user support options (text messages, phone/video call, email). Additionally, participants indicated whether they were willing to uptake their selected service. The survey was advertised on MYDAWA's website; interested participants met staff in‐person at a convenient location to complete the survey from 1 June to 20 November 2022. We used conditional logit modelling with an interaction by current PrEP use to estimate overall preferences and latent class analysis (LCA) to assess preference heterogeneity.

Results

Overall, 772 participants completed the DCE; the mean age was 25 years and 54% were female. Most participants indicated a willingness to acquire online PrEP services, with particularly high demand among PrEP‐naive individuals. Overall, participants preferred remote clinical consultation, HIV self‐testing, online self‐assessment and phone call user support. The LCA identified three subgroups: the “prefer online PrEP with remote components” group (60.3% of the sample) whose preferences aligned with the main analysis, the “prefer online PrEP with in‐person components” group (20.7%), who preferred in‐person consultation, provider‐administered HIV testing, and guided assessment, and the “prefer remote PrEP (18.9%)” group who preferred online PrEP services only if they were remote.

Conclusions

Online pharmacy PrEP is highly acceptable and may expand PrEP coverage to those interested in PrEP but not accessing services. Most participants valued privacy and autonomy, preferring HIVST and remote provider interactions. However, when needing support for questions regarding PrEP, participants preferred phone/SMS contact with a provider. One‐fifth of participants preferred online PrEP with in‐person components, suggesting that providing multiple options can increase uptake.
Computer‐Aided Design of VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Review
Authors: Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Due to its intricate molecular and structural characteristics, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) is essential for the development of new blood vessels in various pathological processes and conditions, especially in cancers. VEGFR‐2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant anticancer effects by blocking many signaling pathways linked to tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Several small compounds, including the well‐tolerated sunitinib and sorafenib, have been approved as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. However, the widespread side effects linked to these VEGFR‐2 inhibitors—hypertension, epistaxis, proteinuria, and upper respiratory infection—motivate researchers to search for new VEGFR‐2 inhibitors with better pharmacokinetic profiles. The key molecular interactions required for the interaction of the small molecules with the protein target to produce the desired pharmacological effects are identified using computer‐aided drug design (CADD) methods such as pharmacophore and QSAR modeling, structure‐based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation coupled with MM/PB(GB)SA, and other computational strategies. This review discusses the applications of these methods for VEGFR‐2 inhibitor design. Future VEGFR‐2 inhibitor designs may be influenced by this review, which focuses on the current trends of using multiple screening layers to design better inhibitors.
High‐yield rice with rich nutrition and low toxicity can be obtained under potato–rice cropping system
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fan Yu , Jin Chunlian , Wang Yajun , Yan Fengjun , Wang Tao , Liu Qi , Chen Yong , Deng Fei , Lei Xiaolong , Hu Jianfeng , Tao Youfeng , Cheng Hong , Ren Wanjun
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Rice is often rotated with dryland crops to produce sufficient foodstuff, as rice is the main food crop of humans. In order to verify whether under the intensive rice‐based cropping system, high yield and good quality of rice can be achieved simultaneously to ensure food security. Five long‐term paddy–upland rotations – wheat–rice (WR), rapeseed–rice (RR), garlic–rice (GR), broad beans–rice (BR) and potato–rice (PR) – were conducted from 2014 to investigate rice yield, along with the profiling of 24 elements in rice grain.

RESULTS

Mg, Zn, Cu, As, Mo and Sb concentrations were highest in the aleurone layer, and Ag and Cd concentrations showed little variation among different parts of the rice grain. Al, Ti, V, Si, Fe and Tl concentrations in the endosperm under GR were higher, while the Se concentration under PR was the highest. Furthermore, the yield of GR and PR were higher than the other three rotations with N supplementation, and the sustainable yield index of PR and WR were larger than 0.8.

CONCLUSION

When we consider the concentration of toxic (As, Cd and Pb) and nutrient elements (Ca, Fe, Zn, Se, Cu and Mg) in the endosperm and grain yields, PR can simultaneously achieve high yield, high nutrition and low toxicity with different nitrogen treatments. Here we provide novel insights regarding the selection of rice‐based cropping systems, focused on producing nutritious and safe rice with high grain yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Seven Nitrosamine and Azidomethyl‐Biphenyl‐Tetrazole Impurities in Losartan
Authors: Luan Nguyen Minh , Khuyen Vo Thi Kim , Tuan Nguyen Duc
Published: October 2024

Nitrosamine‐related impurities (N‐nitrosomethylamino butyric acid [NMBA], N‐nitrosodiethylamine [NDEA], N‐nitrosodiisopropylamine [NDIPA], N‐nitrosomethylphenylamine [NMPA], N‐nitrosodibutylamine [NDBA], N‐nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and N‐nitrosoethylisopropylamine [NEIPA]) and 5‐[4'‐(azidomethyl)‐[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole (AZBT) formed during the manufacture of sartan medicines have been classified into human mutagens and carcinogens after long‐term treatment. The study developed a simple, economical but highly sensitive procedure for the simultaneous quantification of seven nitrosamines and AZBT impurities in sartan pharmaceuticals. After extraction with methanol (MeOH) 50%, the compounds were analyzed with a reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy with atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode (APCI[+] for nitrosamines and APCI[−] for AZBT), selected reaction monitoring, C18 column, gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and in MeOH, respectively. The validated procedure obtained high extraction efficiency (>90%), wide linear range (0.2–50.0 ng/mL NMBA, NDEA, NDIPA, NMPA, and NDBA; 0.5–50.0 ng/mL NDMA and NEIPA; 2.0–100 ng/mL AZBT), limit of quantification < 10% of the acceptance level, recovery range of 85%–115% with relative standard deviation < 15% and minimum matrix effects for all impurities. The procedure was applied to test 16 commercial losartan samples. As a result, eight samples contained AZBT within the current regulatory limits, but no nitrosamine impurities were detected in all samples.
Stimuli‐Responsive Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Mechanism and Applications
Authors: Li Zheng , Deng Jiaming , Ma Peirong , Bai Haoran , Jin Yuting , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu , Burenjargal Munkhjargal
Published: October 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are very suitable for extraction, drug delivery systems, and sensors due to their good selective adsorption ability, but the difficulty of eluting templates during synthesis and the limitation of application scenarios put higher demands on MIPs. Stimuli‐responsive MIPs (SR‐MIPs) can actively respond to changes in external conditions to realize various functions, which provides new ideas for the further development of MIPs. This paper reviews the multiple response modes of MIPs, including the common temperature, pH, photo, magnetic, redox‐responsive and rare gas, biomolecule, ion, and solvent‐responsive MIPs, and explains the mechanism, composition, and applications of such SR‐MIPs. These SR‐MIPs and the resulting dual/multiple‐responsive MIPs have good selectivity, and controllability, and are very promising for isolation and extraction, targeted drug delivery, and electro‐sensor.