bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Medication Waste While Improving Access to Sugammadex: A Quality Improvement Project in Medication Stewardship
Authors: Pimentel Marc Philip , Billings Felicity , Sivashanker Karthik , Sarin Pankaj , Fields Kara , Cotugno Michael , Eappen Sunil , Urman Richard D.
Published: May 2020

The relatively high cost of sugammadex compared to neostigmine limits its widespread use to reverse neuromuscular blockade, despite its faster onset and more complete clinical effect. While ensuring timely access to sugammadex is important in improving perioperative safety, it is also vital to control unnecessary spending. We describe a quality improvement initiative to reduce excess spending on sugammadex while improving access for anesthesia providers. Monthly spending on sugammadex decreased by 52% ($70,777 vs $33,821), while medication access increased via automated medication dispensers in each operating room. Clinical usage decreased by one-third, with presumed increased adherence to dosing guidelines.
Impassivities: From Paradise Lost to Hellas
Authors: McGrath Brian
Published: May 2020

Though the words impasse and impassive come to English from two different etymological sources—impasse from the French, meaning without a pass; impassive from the Latin, meaning without suffering or without feeling—English invites confusion. In part because one cannot write directly about an impasse without making it less of one, this essay takes up the question of the impasse through the available pun: that is, with attention to impassivity. It begins with the origin of impasse in Voltaire and then, following the Oxford English Dictionary, turns to uses of impassive in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Shelley’s Hellas to explore the interplay between feeling (the feeling of being blocked, for instance) and feeling’s absence.
Of No Moment
Authors: Mendicino Kristina
Published: May 2020

Whatever may be said to come to pass could not have happened once, if its iterability is what will have permitted each word thereof to pass for such a one. The very terms for speaking of an occurrence would thus seem to be the impasse that renders each a fiction of no moment, in all senses of that phrase. But this often-cited feature of language could neither be affirmed nor denied once and for all, since either alternative would pretend to address as an established fact that which troubles every establishment. Rather, it is what each time solicits yet another attempt to retrace the turns and detours of those writings that are emphatically marked by the errancy, anachronism, and forgetfulness that recurrence and iterability entail. It is in such an attempt that this article offers commentaries upon several passages from the oeuvres of Friedrich Nietzsche, Maurice Blanchot, and Robert Musil that articulate what could be called the moment of no moment, and that thereby expose the untimely intersections that may come to pass through writing.
The attractiveness of investments in railways in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Filho Fernando Correa , Monte-mor Danilo Soares , Damasceno Felipe Storch
Published: May 2020

We analyze the main factors influencing the attractiveness of public-private partnerships (PPP) applied to Brazil. Considering the Brazilian regulatory framework, the risks involved in a railroad PPP in Brazil are quantified and the attractiveness of this investment is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. Results suggest that Capex and regulatory risks are the main obstacles to PPP projects in Brazil. In addition, measures have been proposed to be implemented by the government to improve the return of these enterprises. New attractiveness analyses confirm a reduction in venture risk with the proposed measures.
Attention-grabbing stocks and the behavior of individual investors in Brazil
Authors: Chague Fernando , Giovannetti Bruno , Silva Anthony
Published: May 2020

This study complements the existing literature on investor attention with three empirical findings. First, we show that low-activity individual investors are net buyers of stocks appearing on the headlines of news stories that convey no meaningful information about future returns. Second, we document that this buying pressure of some individuals following purely attention-grabbing articles leads to higher short-term returns. Finally, we provide evidence that investors who are more prone to purchase stocks after irrelevant news have poorer stock-picking performance. We hypothesize that individuals tend to narrow their choice set to alternatives that attract attention. Taken together, our findings suggest that the media, just by making some firms more salient, plays an important role in the allocation of individual investors' attention in investment activities.
Αναζητώντας την ηγεσία και τους ηγέτες στην εκπαίδευση
Authors: ΚΟΥΜΕΝΤΟΣ ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ
Published: May 2020

Ο τρόπος οργάνωσης του κάθε εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος στηρίζεται σε μια πολιτική φιλοσοφία αξιών και σε μια συγκεκριμένη παιδαγωγική και εκπαιδευτική ιδεολογία, συνδέεται δε με τις παραγωγικές ανάγκες της κάθε χώρας. Οι επιλογές αυτές προσδιορίζουν το βαθμό συγκεντρωτισμού ή αποκέντρωσηςτου συστήματος ,διαμορφώνουν τις κατανομές εξουσίας, αρμοδιότητας και ευθύνης μεταξύ των επιμέρους δομών, καθορίζουν το πλαίσιο λειτουργίας και τα είδη των σχολικών μονάδων, τα συστήματα υποστήριξης ,επιμόρφωσης και αξιολόγησης των στελεχών και των εκπαιδευτικών. Ο χαρακτήρας του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος καθορίζει και τα περιθώρια που έχουν τα στελέχη εκπαίδευσης στη διοίκηση και καθοδήγηση και οι εκπαιδευτικοί της τάξης στη διδασκαλία.Η εισαγωγή εκπαιδευτικών καινοτομιών και η απαίτηση για ανταπόκριση στις μαθησιακές ιδιαιτερότητες των μαθητών, οριοθετούν το πλαίσιο αυτονομίας της σχολικής μονάδας και του βαθμού ελευθερίας σε προγράμματα, στόχους , διδακτικές μεθοδολογίες, επιλογής εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Οι διαφοροποιημένες εκπαιδευτικές πολιτικές απαιτούν ευελιξία στη στοχοθεσία, στη διδακτική μεθοδολογία ,στην καθοδήγηση για την οικοδόμηση γνώσεων, στην ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων και στην καλλιέργεια θετικών αξιών. Η υλοποίηση αυτής της εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής προϋποθέτει την αναγόρευση των στελεχών εκπαίδευσης ως «μετασχηματιστικούς ηγέτες» και τους εκπαιδευτικούς της τάξης ως «ηγέτες-καταλύτες» της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας.
Generalized EmbedSOM on quadtree-structured self-organizing maps
Authors: Kratochvíl Miroslav , Koladiya Abhishek , Vondrášek Jiří
Published: May 2020

EmbedSOM is a simple and fast dimensionality reduction algorithm, originally developed for its applications in single-cell cytometry data analysis. We present an updated version of EmbedSOM, viewed as an algorithm for landmark-directed embedding enrichment, and demonstrate that it works well even with manifold-learning techniques other than the self-organizing maps. Using this generalization, we introduce an inwards-growing variant of self-organizing maps that is designed to mitigate some earlier identified deficiencies of EmbedSOM output. Finally, we measure the performance of the generalized EmbedSOM, compare several variants of the algorithm that utilize different landmark-generating functions, and showcase the functionality on single-cell cytometry datasets from recent studies.
Mapping the use of Group-Based Trajectory Modelling in medication adherence research: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Walsh Caroline A. , Mucherino Sara , Orlando Valentina , Bennett Kathleen E. , Menditto Enrica , Cahir Caitriona
Published: May 2020

The use of group-based trajectory (GBTM) modelling within the medication adherence literature is rapidly growing. Researchers are adopting enhanced methods to analyse and visualise dynamic behaviours, such as medication adherence, within ‘real-world’ populations. Application of GBTM based on longitudinal adherence behaviour allows for the identification of adherence trajectories or groups.  A group is conceptually thought of a collection of individuals who follow a similar pattern of adherence behaviour over a period of time. A common obstacle faced by researchers when implementing GBTM is deciding on the number of trajectory groups that may exist within a population. Decision-making can introduce subjectivity, as there is no ‘gold standard’ for model selection criteria.

This study aims to examine the extent and nature of existing evidence on the application of GBTM for medication adherence assessment, providing an overview of the different GBTM techniques used in the literature.

The methodological framework will consist of five stages: i) identify the research question(s); ii) identify relevant studies; iii) select studies; iv) chart the data and finally, v) collate, summarise and report the results. Original peer-reviewed articles, published in English, describing observational studies including both concepts and/or sub-concepts of GBTM and medication adherence or any other similar terms, will be included. The following databases will be queried: PubMed/MEDLINE; Embase (Ovid); SCOPUS; ISI Web of Science and PsychInfo. This scoping review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool to report results.

This scoping review will collect and schematise different techniques in the application of GBTM for medication adherence assessment available in the literature to date, identifying research and knowledge gaps in this area. This review can represent an important tool for future research, providing methodological support to researchers carrying out a group-based trajectory analysis to assess medication adherence in a real-world context.
Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Haftek Marek , McAleer Maeve A , Jakasa Ivone , McLean WH Irwin , Kezic Sanja , Irvine Alan D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Impaired skin barrier is an important etiological factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The structural protein filaggrin (FLG) plays a major role in maintenance of the competent skin barrier and its deficiency is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mechanical injury. Here we examined biomechanical characteristics of the corneocytes in children with AD and healthy controls.

Methods: We recruited 20 children with AD and 7 healthy children. They were genotyped for filaggrin gene (FLG) loss-of-function mutations. Stratum corneum was collected from clinically unaffected skin by adhesive tapes. Cell stiffness (apparent elastic modulus, Ea) was determined by atomic force microscopy and filaggrin degradation products (NMF) by liquid chromatography. Skin barrier function was assessed through trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and disease severity by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool.

Results:  Corneocytes collected from AD patients showed a decreased elastic modulus which was strongly correlated with NMF and TEWL, but not with SCORAD. As compared with healthy controls, AD patients had reduced TEWL and NMF levels regardless of FLG mutations. NMF was strongly correlated with TEWL.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have decreased corneocyte stiffness which correlates with reduced levels of filaggrin degradation products, NMF and skin barrier function. Altered mechanical properties of the corneocytes likely contribute to the loss of mechanical integrity of the SC and to reduced skin barrier function in AD.
Methodological Aspects of the Development of Resource-Technological Models for the Formation of the Design Cost of Maintenance and Repair of Oil and Gas Equipment
Authors: Siutin Denis , Pahomov Sergey
Published: May 2020

An important element in ensuring the stability of the gas transmission system of PJSC Gazprom is the reliability and safety of gas pumping units (GPU), their systems and equipment. Due to the aging of a large number of operating types and modifications of gas compressor units, the task of maintaining their healthy technical condition and ensuring reliable operation through maintenance and repair (MRO) is especially important. At present, when determining the project cost of GPU maintenance and repair work, indicators and data of different levels are used, and at the same time, data on the nomenclature, physical and cost indicators of work in the context of GPU types are not regulated and unified, depending on the full range of work performed by type MRO, technical condition and operating time of units. The article describes the methodological aspects of the development of resource-technological models (RTM) for maintenance and repair in the context of types (modifications) of gas compressor units, types and lists of works that will allow for the integrated formation of the project cost of work.
Wieloaspektowość pojęcia konceptualizacja w gramatyce Ronalda Langackera (spojrzenie z perspektywy użytkownika terminologii kognitywnej)
Authors: Waszakowa Krystyna
Published: May 2020

MULTIASPECTUALITY OF THE NOTION OF CONCEPTUALIZATION IN RONALD LANGACKER’S GRAMMAR: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A USER OF COGNITIVE TERMINOLOGY

The paper presents the scope of understanding of the notion of conceptualization, a notion that belongs to the elementary toolbox of R. Langacker’s cognitive grammar. The author shows the different perspectives of viewing conceptualization, and discusses ways of defining the term. By contrasting it with other terms from the paradigm of cognitive semantics (among others, categorization, construal, profiling, conceptualizer, spekaer, addressee, usage event), which Langacker refers to while describing the processes of conceptualization, the paper reveals the placement and status of conceptualization in cognitive grammar.
Glosy jako integralny składnik średniowiecznego tekstu
Authors: Maslej Dorota , Mika Tomasz
Published: May 2020

GLOSSES AS AN INTEGRAL ELEMENT OF MEDIEVAL TEXT: IN SEARCH OF ADEQUATE RESEARCH PROCEDURES

Most Old Polish texts are in fact sixteenth century copies with accompanying inscribed or reinscribed glosses (interlinear and marginal) introduced into the text. The aim of this article is not only to show how to recognize these types of glosses in the text using elements of semantics, syntax, rhetoric and source studies, but also to propose a typology of tools adequate for recognizing incorporated glosses.The authors believe that only a multidimensional analysis gives a chance to achieve this goal. They also show that analyses conducted usually from one, sometimes two, perspectives, yield results that can be easily undermined from another perspective.The majority of examples come from four Old Polish apocrypha, including the most extensive monument of Polish and Slavic medieval prose and apocryphal literature, Rozmyślanie przemyskie (‘The Przemyśl Meditation’). In the only preserved copies of these apocryphal texts, glosses are incorporated into the main body of the text. Proper recognition of glosses leads to a complete change of thinking about these texts and about Polish religious language in the Middle Ages in general.
Dlaczego Bałtowie i Słowianie liczyli pokrewieństwo w kolanach, czyli o etymologii słow. kolěno ‘kolano; ród’ i lit. kẽlis ‘kolano; ród’
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert
Published: May 2020

WHY DID BALTS AND SLAVS COUNT KINSHIP IN KNEES, OR THE ETYMOLOGY OF SLAV. kolěno ‘KNEE; TRIBE’ AND LITH. kẽlis ‘KNEE; TRIBE’

OCS. kolěno ‘knee; tribe, generation’ (cf. Polish pokolenie ‘generation’) and Lith. kẽlis ‘knee; joint in a plant; tribe; degree of kinship’ come from old adjectives with possessive suffixes (-ěn- in Slavic and -ija- in Baltic). Their primary meaning was ‘a joint in the body’ (*‘a rotating part of the body’). Both were formed from nouns with the meaning ‘wheel’ (OCS. kolo, kolese ‘wheel’, Old Prussian kelan ‘wheel’, Latvian duceles ‘chaise’; IDE. *kwelh1- ‘to turn, to rotate’). The hypothesis proposed in this paper explains the semantic relationship between Slav. kolěno ‘knee; tribe, generation’ and Proto-Slav. *kel-nŭ- > *čelnŭ- > Slovenian člèn // Serbo-Croatian člȃn ‘joint; ankle, talus’. Assuming that the meaning ‘joint’ was the original one, OCS. kolěno ‘tribe, generation’ and Lith. kẽlis ‘degree in relationship; tribe’ can be interpreted as old terms of customary law in the field of succession. The counting of kinship by enumeration of body parts from the head to the middle fingernail has been preserved in Middle Low German customary law, so-called “Sachsenspiegel”. The hypothesis is supported by numerous parallels: Lith. sąnarys ‘a joint in the body; (OLith.) ‘generation’, Lith. stráipsnis ‘body part; (OLith.) generation’, OPr. streipstan ‘body part; generation’, Middle High German Gelied ‘body part; generation’, and Middle Low German lede ‘a joint in the body; body part; degree of kinship’.
Atividades físicas de lazer por universitários: inquéritos repetidos nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014
Authors: Sousa Thiago Ferreira de , Franco Dayana Chaves , Farias Gildeene Silva , Barros Gerleison Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as proporções de prática de diferentes tipos de atividades físicas no lazer por universitários entre os anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014. Realizou-se três inquéritos repetidos com amostras de universitários de uma instituição de ensino superior do estado da Bahia. As modalidades foram mensuradas por meio de um questionário validado para aplicação em universitários, tendo sido os seguintes tipos: ciclismo, voleibol, natação, caminhada em esteira, hidroginástica, surfe, caminhada em locais abertos, futebol, basquetebol, handebol, corrida em locais abertos, ginástica aeróbica, lutas, tênis, musculação, corrida em esteira e ginástica em geral com uso de pesos e trampolins. As comparações foram realizadas utilizando o teste qui-quadrado para tendência linear. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Participaram do estudo 1.084, 1.085 e 1.041 universitários, nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014, respectivamente. A modalidade mais praticada nos três inquéritos foi a musculação, seguida do futebol. A prática das modalidades de corrida (2010 = 6,9%; 2012 = 8,8%; 2014 = 11,0%) e de lutas (2010 = 4,2%; 2012 = 4,5%; 2014 = 7,6%) aumentaram ao longo dos inquéritos. Houve a diminuição na prática da ginástica com uso de pesos/trampolins (2010 = 3,7%; 2012 = 1,9%; 2014 = 1,4%; p = 0,001). Conclui-se que a tendência de atividade física de lazer ao longo do tempo em universitários foi diferente entre as modalidades e em relação as características sociodemográficas e de vínculo com a universidade, com aumento de praticantes de lutas e corridas, e diminuição dos adeptos da ginástica com pesos/trampolins.
Analyst Forecast Bundling
Authors: Drake Michael , Joos Peter , Pacelli Joseph , Twedt Brady
Published: May 2020

Changing economic conditions over the past two decades have created incentives for sell-side analysts to both provide their institutional clients tiered services and to streamline their written research process. One manifestation of these changes is an increased likelihood of analysts’ issuing earnings forecasts for multiple firms on the same day. We identify this bundling property and show that bundling has increased steadily over time. We provide field evidence that the practice is a cost-saving measure, a natural by-product of analysts focusing on thematic research, and a reflection of forecast updating that occurs in advance of important events. Our empirical analyses show that bundled forecasts are less accurate, less bold, and less informative to investors than nonbundled forecasts. We also find that analysts who produce bundled forecasts provide valuable specialized services to their institutional clients. Our findings ultimately demonstrate that forecast bundling has important implications for the properties of analysts’ forecasts.

This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
FORMANDO PROFESSORES E TAMBÉM LEITORES: PRÁTICAS DE LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO COM LICENCIANDOS EM PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Ferreira da Rosa Junior Paulo Ailton
Published: May 2020

Este artigo versa sobre uma experiência de estágio docente realizada no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, que teve como objetivo promover práticas de letramento literário baseadas em Cosson (2018a; 2018b). Esta ação visava contribuir na formação de professores que fossem, também, leitores de literatura preocupados em promover o ensino de leitura literária em suas aulas. Como metodologia, foi proposta a leitura guiada de três obras literárias brasileiras, discutidas em Círculos de Leitura e sobre as quais os alunos escreveram em Diários de Leitura. Fundamentado no vivenciado, concluiu-se que a fluência na prática da leitura literária é também precária entre discentes de cursos superiores e que o compromisso com o ensino dela deve se estender a esse nível.
TEATRO COM BEBÊS, MOVIMENTOS ENUNCIATIVOS E ESTÉTICOS
Authors: Pereira Luiz Miguel , Lopes Jader Janer Moreira
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de um dos encontros de pesquisa da tese de doutorado “Teatro com bebês, enunciações e vivências: Encontros da arte com a vida”, cujo objetivo está vinculado aos estudos da infância. As atividades foram esteticamente elaboradas a partir do conceito de montagem teatral, com cenário, adereços, figurino, iluminação e texto. Promovemos a possibilidade dos bebês se movimentarem, de se enunciarem enquanto atores das suas ações estéticas e ao mesmo tempo, serem espectadores dos outros bebês que dividiram a cena. Essa ambientação cênica favoreceu um meio em que as crianças, protagonizassem suas ações, principalmente através da brincadeira, dos processos de imitação e de reelaboração criadora, gestando uma presença irrepetível nos acontecimentos.
A INFÂNCIA A PARTIR DOS DIZERES E FAZERES DAS CRIANÇAS NA ESCOLA: ENCONTROS SILENCIOSOS E POTENTES
Authors: Carvalho Nádia Priscila De Lima , Albuquerque Fernanda Maria Santos , Salles Conceição Gislane Nóbrega Lima de
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo é um fragmento de uma pesquisa que visou compreender como as crianças vivenciam o processo de transição da Pré-escola para o 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Aqui, de modo específico, abordamos os dizeres e os fazeres das crianças no ambiente escolar que retratam a transgressão de regras como forma silenciosa e potente de criação. O mesmo busca dialogar com a infância a partir de outros modos de entendê-la, ancorado nas discussões provenientes do campo da filosofia, considerando a infância como experiência. Os dizeres e fazeres das crianças e  suas experiências engendram outros vieses que não complementam o posto, mas o reconfigura sob outras dimensões, resistentes e ousadas. Eles evocam as possibilidades que as crianças trazem consigo para nossas instituições escolares.
OS BEBÊS E A CRECHE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O DIREITO À QUALIDADE DAS INTERAÇÕES
Authors: Ferreira Michelle Dantas , Silva Edilane Oliveira da , Lage Livia Larissa De Lima
Published: May 2020

O artigo discute o conceito de bebê enquanto sujeito de ação e direitos, dialogando com a concepção de creche como um espaço no qual a Educação se materializa nas práticas sociais, apostando no fortalecimento dos vínculos em prol dos direitos infantis. Observando situações concretas de interação registradas em uma Creche Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, analisamos que a construção de um olhar para os bebês enquanto sujeitos requer uma presença atenta e sensível do educador, o que envolve as condições de trabalho e reflete na qualidade das interações intersubjetivas. Apostamos na estesia das relações para a possibilidade de um novo olhar e a construção de um trabalho dedicado, sutil que considere as potencialidades dos bebês no encaminhamento das propostas educativas que os envolvam.
Literatura infantojuvenil e música: representação da criança negra e abordagens da alteridade na França e no Brasil
Authors: Francis Véronique , Barbosa Valéria
Published: May 2020

A literatura infanto-juvenil é um objeto cultural da criança, mas também um material pedagógico muito presente nas escolas, nas famílias e nos outros espaços de socialização da infância. Esse artigo examina os livros infanto-juvenis ilustrados, cujo personagem principal é a criança negra, e que tenha a música como temática, a partir de dois estudos realizados na França e no Brasil. O objetivo é de observar a representação da criança negra e as abordagens da alteridade mediante análise de conteúdo. Nesses dois contextos, os livros são frequentemente objetos híbridos: um documento em papel, texto, imagem e som, um suporte pedagógico, artístico e identitário. Os resultados revelam que as referências e abordagens da alteridade são às vezes diferentes: na França, as imagens de crianças negras são inscritas nos territórios da África mitificada e da América segregacionista; no Brasil elas são associadas ao tema da identidade racial. Porem, seja no contexto francês ou brasileiro, podemos notar que diferentes limites aparecem e examiná-los supõe levar em conta a questão da interseccionalidade situada aqui em torno das relações sociais de classe, raça e gênero.
Apresentação Dossiê Bebês e Crianças: cultura, linguagem e políticas
Authors: Rocha Eloisa Acires Candal
Published: May 2020

A publicação desta Revista Artes de Educar, com o Dossiê: Bebês e criança: cultura, linguagens e políticas, organizado por Anelise Monteiro de Nascimento, Nazareth Salutto e Sílvia Néli Falcão Barbosa nos inspira a revisitar alguns excertos destes lindos versos de Manuel de Barros, dando valor às coisas e aos seres desimportantes por dois motivos. Primeiro, porque nos permite parodiar o próprio lugar das crianças no interesse científico na história, depois porque ilustra o momento presente, em que vivemos as consequências de uma pandemia global, com restrição de convívio social e suspensão de atividades tidas como corriqueiras e importantes. Os bebês e as crianças bem pequenas não se constituíram um tema no rol dos interesses científicos. O bebê parecia ter um grau de importância correspondente ao seu tamanho, só ganhando valor ao ser estudado em sua potência como germe de um adulto no futuro.
Oxygen therapy: evidence base
Authors: Lantis John
Published: May 2020

The evidence base for the different methods of oxygen therapy ranges from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to case series evaluations. A common thread running through the assorted evidence is that oxygen therapy accelerates healing and reduces healing times. This article summarises the clinical evidence produced on this therapy
Physicochemical and in vitro bioactivity studies of bioactive glasses in the SiO2-CaO-MgO-P2O5, SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 and SiO2-Na2O-CaO-MgO-P2O5 systems
Authors: Herradi Smaiel , Bouhazma Sara , Chajri Sanae , Adouar Imane , Rakib Souad , Khaldi Mohamed , El Bali Brahim , Lachkar Mohammed
Published: May 2020

Glasses in the quaternary and quinary system SiO2-CaO-MgO-P2O5 (SCMP), SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 (SNCP) and SiO2-Na2O-CaO-MgO-P2O5 (SNCMP), have been prepared by using the sol-gel technique. Investigations of structural and bioactive properties of these glasses have been undertaken by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The in vitro bioactivity was assessed by determining the changes in surface morphology and composition after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 30 days at 37°C. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the formation of hydroxycarbonated apatite layer (HCA) after only one hour for SNCMP glass and after four days for SCMP and SNCP glasses. Furthermore, observed bands of FTIR spectra confirmed the growth of HCA layer during in vitro test.

Moreover, the dissolution rate has been investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The observed EDS patterns confirmed the growth of HCA layer on all samples surfaces during in vitro analysis. On the one hand, we report the existence of Na2Ca2Si3O9 (that couple good mechanical strength with satisfactory biodegradability) as a single crystalline phase in the SNCP glass when calcined at 600°C. On the other hand, we have noticed that the coexistence of magnesium and sodium both enhanced the dissolution rate and hindered the crystallization in the SNCMP glass at 600°C.
Untapped potential? Action by non-governmental organisations on the social determinants of mental health in high-income countries: an integrative review
Authors: Cresswell-Smith Johanna , Macintyre Anna K. , Wahlbeck Kristian
Published: May 2020

Civil society in general is widely recognised as having an important role in addressing the social determinants of health. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have a long history of mental health actions, ranging from mental health promotion and advocacy to volunteer work and service provision. An explicit focus on the social determinants of mental health is a more recent development. In this article we review relevant literature on NGO actions on key social determinants of mental health: family; friends and communities; education and skills; good work; money and resources; housing; and surroundings. Searching of relevant bibliographic databases was combined with searching for relevant grey literature to identify relevant evidence and practice on the work of NGOs in this field. We reflect on the inherent tensions involved in understanding the role of NGOs in taking action on the social determinants of mental health and the critical questions raised as a result. Our review highlights a lack of documented evidence of NGO actions, and underscores the significant untapped potential of civil society to contribute to the Mental Health in All Policies (MHiAP) agenda.
Male infertility as relational: an analysis of men’s reported encounters with family members and friends in the context of delayed conception
Authors: Hanna Esmée , Gough Brendan
Published: May 2020

Relational aspects of infertility are understandably often viewed through a dyadic lens, which has typically prioritised women’s experiences of infertility, thereby simultaneously burdening women and marginalising men’s accounts from understandings of reproduction. Men’s infertility experiences in relation to the role and impact on other relationships have yet to be examined in detail. This article considers data from a sample of 41 men who completed a qualitative questionnaire about their experiences of infertility. Our thematic analysis of relationship-relevant responses generated two key themes: disruption of temporal horizons; and friends and family members as ‘outsiders’. Our analysis develops insights into the emotional labour involved in managing relationships with friends and family members in the challenging context of infertility and highlights the problems associated with ‘support’ offered by significant others. The value of understanding infertility as a relational phenomenon that is shaped and constrained by close relationships and wider social norms is elaborated, with the implications for healthcare practice also discussed.
Multichannel optomechanical switch and locking system for wavemeters
Authors: Ghadimi Moji , Bridge Elizabeth M. , Scarabel Jordan , Connell Steven , Shimizu Kenji , Streed Erik , Lobino Mirko
Published: May 2020

Here we present a cost-effective multichannel optomechanical switch and software proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller system for locking multiple lasers to a single-channel commercial wavemeter. The switch is based on a rotating cylinder that selectively transmits one laser beam at a time to the wavemeter. The wavelength is read by the computer, and an error signal is output to the lasers to correct wavelength drifts every millisecond. We use this system to stabilize 740 nm (subsequently frequency doubled to 370 nm), 399 nm, and 935 nm lasers for trapping and cooling different isotopes of a

Y
b

+

ion. We characterize the frequency stability of the three lasers by using a second, more precise, commercial wavemeter. We also characterize the absolute frequency stability of the 740 nm laser using the fluorescence drift rate of a trapped

174

Y
b

+

ion. For the 740 nm laser we demonstrate an Allan deviation

σ
y

of

3
×

10

−
10

(at 20 s integration time), equivalent to sub-200 kHz stability.
Transformable Reflective Telescope for optical testing and education
Authors: Park Woojin , Pak Soojong , Kim Geon Hee , Lee Sunwoo , Chang Seunghyuk , Kim Sanghyuk , Jeong Byeongjoon , James Brendel Trenton , Kim Dae Wook
Published: May 2020

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the Transformable Reflective Telescope (TRT) kit for educational purposes and for performing various optical tests with a single kit. The TRT kit is a portable optical bench setup suitable for interferometry, spectroscopy, measuring stray light, and developing adaptive optics, among other uses. Supplementary modules may be integrated easily due to the modular design of the TRT kit. The kit consists of five units: a primary mirror module, secondary mirror module, mounting base module, baffle module, and alignment module. Precise alignment and focusing are achieved using a precision optical rail on the alignment module. The TRT kit transforms into three telescope configurations: Newtonian, Cassegrain, and Gregorian. Students change telescope configurations by exchanging the secondary mirror. The portable design and the aluminum primary mirror of the TRT kit enable students to perform experiments in various environments. The minimized baffle design utilizes commercial telescope tubes, allowing users to look directly into the optical system while suppressing stray light down to

∼

10

−
8

point source transmittance. The TRT kit was tested using a point source and field images. Point source measurement of the Newtonian telescope configuration resulted in an 80% encircled energy diameter of 23.8 µm.
Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence of sodium in multiphase combustion
Authors: Zhu Keke , Barkley Stuart J. , Dedic Chloe E. , Sippel Travis R. , Michael James B.
Published: May 2020

Alkali metals are prevalent in coal combustion, biomass thermal
conversion to fuels, and energetic material combustion, and have
applications as dopants for combustion diagnostics and plasma-based
combustion control. Recently, the dynamic control of propellant
burning rate and pyrotechnic luminosity have been demonstrated through
combined microwave field radiation and incorporation of alkali
dopants. Understanding of the alkali distribution within the flame is
essential to predicting field–flame interaction. However, the
multiphase propellant combustion environment exhibits significant
particle scattering, broadband emission background, and high optical
density, which complicate optical measurements. Here, multiple
two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) schemes for atomic sodium
were compared in gas-phase flames and sodium-doped solid propellant
combustion. For the two-photon Na LIF scheme, a rate equation model
incorporating fluorescence, amplified spontaneous emission, and
ionization shows good agreement with experimental characterization in
a gas-phase flame. The technique was then extended to sodium-doped
solid propellant flames, a multiphase combustion environment
characterized by strong particle scattering. The 3s–3d two-photon
excitation LIF achieved a better signal-to-noise ratio of

∼

100

in the propellant flame and allowed
imaging of gradients in the gas-phase sodium distribution at the
burning surface.
Displacement measurement in a Sagnac interferometer with thermal light second-order correlation
Authors: Xu De-Qin , Dou Ling-Yu , Cao De-Zhong , Song Xin-bing
Published: May 2020

We report a displacement measurement experiment in second-order correlation and subwavelength correlation with thermal light. Our target is a single slit, which is inserted into a Sagnac interferometer to mimic a double-slit apparatus. According to the correlated diffraction pattern, we can predict the excursion of the slit from the optical axis. When the slit is shifted, we can predict the displacement accurately. We also present the mathematical presentations of beam propagation and reflection in comprehensive deduction.
NIRSplot: A Tool for Quality Assessment of fNIRS Scans
Authors: Hernandez Samuel Montero , Pollonini Luca
Published: May 2020

For a rapid and intuitive visual assessment of the quality of functional near infrared spectroscopy scans, we developed a software tool that automatically identifies entire optical channels or time intervals with compromised optical signals.
Optical Neuroimaging of Speech Perception in Listeners with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Sherafati Arefeh , Hassanpour Mahlega S. , Dwyer Noel , Fishell Andrew K. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Firszt Jill B. , Culver Joseph P. , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: May 2020

Neural correlates of speech perception is poorly understood in listeners with Cochlear implants (CIs) due to contraindications with fMRI. Here, we measure cortical activity during speech perception in CI recipients using high-density diffuse optical tomography.
Glaucoma has a Cerebral Component: a TD-fNIRS Study
Authors: Re R. , Messenio D. , Marano G. , Spinelli L. , Pirovano I. , Contini D. , Colombo R. , Boracchi P. , Biganzoli E. , Cubeddu R. , Torricelli A.
Published: May 2020

A study on 118 subjects, performed with TD-fNIRS, demonstrated that the glaucoma has a cerebral component. The fNIRS parameters that best represent this finding are the OHB and HHB amplitudes, as revealed by PCA.
Novel Approaches for Increased Sensitivity to Cerebral Blood Flow Using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Carp Stefan A.
Published: May 2020

Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) can provide direct monitoring of cerebral blood flow, an essential but under-addressed need in neuro-critical care. Here we review technological advances aimed to increase DCS performance in adults for clinical translation.
Optical Quantification of Cerebral Hemodynamics During Deep Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass with Selective Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Ko Tiffany S. , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Baker Wesley B. , Boorady Timothy W. , Morano Vincent C. , Lin Yuxi , Padawer-Curry Jonah A. , Devarajan Mahima , Roberts Anna L. , Landis Will P. , Andersen Kristen N. , Schmidt Alexander L. , Gentile Javier , Melchior Richard W. , Yodh Arjun G. , Gaynor J. William , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Licht Daniel J.
Published: May 2020

Non-invasive, frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy were combined to quantify cerebral oxygen metabolism in a neonatal swine model of deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, circulatory arrest, and selective cerebral perfusion.
Speed Considerations for Large Field Two-photon Microscopy in the Brain
Authors: Banks Hunter B. , Bumstead Jon R. , Brier Lindsey M. , Bice Annie , Culver Joseph P.
Published: May 2020

Imaging large fields-of-view at high framerates with two-photon microscopy can limit signal. By taking advantage of the inherent signal nonlinearities, we show that a 5 mm field-of-view can be imaged at 15 Hz.
Microsecond Timescale Selective Access Two-photon Targeting for Functional Measurements in Tissue
Authors: Parot Vicente J. , Nichols Shane , Testa-Silva Guilherme , Cohen Adam E.
Published: May 2020

Dense sampling of voxels limits time resolution in two-photon microscopy. We developed a system to scan sequentially through 512 excitation spots at 2 microseconds between spots, enabling targeted recording of neurotransmitter release at millisecond time resolution in intact tissue.
Computational Miniature Mesoscope for Single-shot 3D Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Xue Yujia , Davison Ian G. , Boas David A. , Tian Lei
Published: May 2020

We report a single-shot computational 3D fluorescence mesoscope. Our design is based on a finite conjugate imaging geometry with a microlens array. It achieves high resolution extended depth-of-field across a wide field-of-view in a compact design.
Real-time measurements of cerebral blood flow, intra- and extravascular oxygen tension during functional activation
Authors: Chong Sanghoon , Ong Yi Hong , Khatib Mirna El , Allu Srinivasa Rao , Parthasarathy Ashwin B. , Greenberg Joel H. , Yodh Arjun G. , Vinogradov Sergei A.
Published: May 2020

We report real-time simultaneous recordings of cerebral blood flow, intravascular and extravascular oxygen tension in the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain during functional activation using laser speckle contrast imaging and phosphorescence quenching oximetry.
Imaging depth limit analysis in multiphoton microscopy using the beam propagation method
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Sadegh Sanaz , Zilpelwar Sharvari , Devor Anna , Tian Lei , Boas David A.
Published: May 2020

We apply our recently developed beam propagation model to simulate wave propagation in scattering biological tissue. The imaging depth limit is estimated for two-photon, three-photon, and non-degenerate two-photon microscopy.
Trans-synaptic Neuronal Communication via Bioluminescent Optogenetics
Authors: Schumaker Rachel , Prakash Mansi , Crespo Emmanuel , Hochgeschwender Ute
Published: May 2020

Bioluminescent optogenetics (BL-OG) can be utilized for trans-synaptic neuronal communication by expressing the light emitting luciferase in the presynaptic and the light sensing opsin in the postsynaptic neuron, with luciferin application inducing the light.
Deep Learning-Based Virtual Staining of Unlabeled Tissue Samples
Authors: de Haan Kevin , Rivenson Yair , Wei Zhensong , Wang Hongda , Liu Tairan , Wallace W. Dean , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: May 2020

We present a deep learning-based framework to perform virtual histological staining of label-free tissue samples. This framework is effective for various tissue-stain combinations using autofluorescence or quantitative phase images as input to trained neural networks.
Deep learning-based super-resolution and image transformation into structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Wang Hongda , Rivenson Yair , Jin Yiyin , Wei Zhensong , Gao Ronald , Günaydın Harun , Bentolila Laurent A. , Kural Comert , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate single-image super-resolution in fluorescence microscopy using a trained neural-network, matching the resolution of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). This performance is achieved without any parameter estimation or assumptions about the imaging system.
Segmentation based OCT Image to H&E-like Image Conversion
Authors: Tsai Sheng-Ting , Chan Chin-Cheng , Chen Homer H. , Tjiu Jeng-Wei , Huang Sheng-Lung
Published: May 2020

Weakly supervised conversion from in vivo OCT images on human skin to H&E-stain-like images is developed. The dermis-epidermis junction, stratum corneum boundary, and nuclei distribution match well between the OCT and converted H&E-stain-liked images.
4-D OCT, Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy, and Optogenetic Pacing of the Embryonic Mouse Heart
Authors: Lopez Andrew L. , Larina Irina V.
Published: May 2020

We present optical approaches for live, high-resolution imaging and manipulation of mouse embryo cardiodynamics through OCT, second harmonic generation microscopy, and optogenetics.
Visualizing cancer pathogenesis at the nanoscale
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Hongqiang , Xu Jianquan
Published: May 2020

We present the technical development of a high-throughput super-resolution imaging system based on optimized stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. This system enables robust and reliable super-resolution imaging of nanoscale chromatin folding over a large field of view on standard pathological tissue. Super-resolution microscopy revealed fragmented chromatin folding throughout all stages of carcinogenesis.
Intravital Negative Contrast Microscopy of the Mouse Bone Marrow and Lymph Node
Authors: Jung Yookyung , Wu Juwell W. , Spencer Joel A. , Yeh Shu-Chi A. , Seo Yongwan , Runnels Judith M. , Lin Charles P.
Published: May 2020

We present methods for visualize unlabeled cells in the mouse calvarial bone marrow and lymph node by perfusing the interstitial space with cell-impermeable dyes and visualizing by negative contrast.
Instant Image Denoising Plugin for ImageJ using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mannam Varun , Zhang Yide , Zhu Yinhao , Howard Scott
Published: May 2020

We present a new convolutional neural network (CNN) based ImageJ plugin for fluorescence microscopy image denoising with an average improvement of 7.5 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and denoising instantly within 80 msec.
Applications of Low Cost Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wax Adam
Published: May 2020

We have recently developed a portable, low cost OCT system. This presentation will present an updated design for the optical engine and discuss application in ophthalmology and extensions to fields such as orthopedics, gastroenterology and gynecology where this design enables new uses of OCT.
Isotropic Imaging of Retinal Structures with Multi-Channel AOSLO
Authors: Mujat Mircea , Lu Yang , Maguluri Gopi , Iftimia Nicusor , Ferguson R. Daniel
Published: May 2020

A new detection scheme was developed for simultaneous multi-channels imaging that provides isotropic images of retinal structures free of directionality artifacts. The channels can be combined to reveal additional structural and functional details.
75-degree high-resolution wide-field OCT angiography enabled by self-tracking method
Authors: Wei Xiang , Jia Yali
Published: May 2020

Wide-field OCT angiography (WF-OCTA) is challenging due to scanning speed limits and artifacts. A prototype with a graphic processing unit (GPU)-based self-tracking method was developed. High-resolution 75-degree WF-OCTA images were successfully acquired.
Imaging of Retinal Disease by Clinical Jones-Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Makita S. , Azuma S. , Miura M. , Sugiyama S. , Yasuno Y.
Published: May 2020

Additional biomarkers using OCT will extend applications in clinical ophthalmology. The clinical Jones-matrix OCT (JM-OCT) has been applied for several cases of retinal disease. Extended imaging functions by JM-OCT provide status of tissues.
800-nm endobronchial OCT for imaging airway microstructures in vivo
Authors: Yuan Wu , Thiboutot Jeffrey , Park Hyeon-cheol , Li Ang , Loube Jeffrey , Mitzner Wayne , Yarmus Lonny , Brown Robert H. , Li Xingde
Published: May 2020

We developed a new endobronchial OCT system operating at 800 nm, providing an ultrahigh resolution (1.7 µm in tissue) for directly visualizing airway smooth muscle and other important microstructures in vivo.
Retinal OCT Analysis and Prediction with Deep Learning
Authors: Bogunović Hrvoje , Vogl Wolf-Dieter , Seeböck Philipp , Rivail Antoine , Ursula
Published: May 2020

Ophthalmology is at the forefront of deep learning applications due to the ability to image the retina with OCT. We present how deep learning is used for quantification of imaging biomarkers and predicting disease progression.
Quantitative three-dimensional visualization of the human uterus collagen fiber architecture using SD-OCT imaging
Authors: McLean James P. , Fang Shuyang , Myers Kristin M. , Hendon Christine P.
Published: May 2020

Human uterus specimens from five patients were imaged using SD-OCT and analyzed using our 3-D collagen fiber modeling algorithm. This method provides the first 3-D framework for quantitative comparison of uterine specimens with different parity.
Circumlimbal scanning of Schelmm’s canal in mouse using visible-light OCT
Authors: Beckmann Lisa , Zhang Xian , Miller David A. , Zhang Hao F.
Published: May 2020

The Schlemm’s Canal (SC) is a key component of the conventional pathway for aqueous humor outflow. Here, we present a custom-built visible-light OCT system which enables circumlimbal scanning of the entire SC in mice.
Phase-stabilized all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique for generating a gigahertz frequency comb
Authors: Nakajima Yoshiaki , Hariki Takuya , Nishiyama Akiko , Minoshima Kaoru
Published: May 2020

An all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique is developed for generating a gigahertz-repetition-rate fiber-based frequency comb with a multiplication factor of 21. A high side-mode suppression ratio of approximately 65 dB is achieved by introducing a thermally diffused expanded core fiber between the dispersion compensating fiber and single-mode fiber to reduce splice loss. The fiber cavity length is also stabilized such that the resonance frequency is locked to the comb mode by applying the Pound–Drever–Hall stabilization technique. The proposed stabilized all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique is expected to be an attractive choice for a variety of applications that require a high-repetition-rate frequency comb.