bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stiffness in vortex—like structures due to chirality-domains within a coupled helical rare-earth superlattice
Authors: Paul Amitesh
Published: January 2016

Vortex domain walls poses chirality or ‘handedness’ which can be exploited to act as memory units by changing their polarity with electric field or driving/manupulating the vortex itself by electric currents in multiferroics. Recently, domain walls formed by one dimensional array of vortex—like structures have been theoretically predicted to exist in disordered rare-earth helical magnets with topological defects. Here, in this report, we have used a combination of two rare-earth metals,e.g."Equation missing"superlattice that leads to long range magnetic order despite their competing anisotropies along the out-of-plane (Er) and in-plane (Tb) directions. Probing the vertically correlated magnetic structures by off-specular polarized neutron scattering we confirm the existence of such magnetic vortex—like domains associated with magnetic helical ordering within the Er layers. The vortex—like structures are predicted to haveopposite chirality,side—by—sideand are fairly unaffected by the introduction of magnetic ordering between the interfacial Tb layers and also with the increase in magnetic field which is a direct consequence of screening of the vorticity in the system due to a helical background. Overall, the stability of these vortices over a wide range of temperatures, fields and interfacial coupling, opens up the opportunity for fundamental chiral spintronics in unconventional systems.
Observation of giant Goos-Hänchen and angular shifts at designed metasurfaces
Authors: Yallapragada Venkata Jayasurya , Ravishankar Ajith P. , Mulay Gajendra L. , Agarwal Girish S. , Achanta Venu Gopal
Published: January 2016

Metasurfaces with sub-wavelength features are useful in modulating the phase, amplitude or polarization of electromagnetic fields. While several applications are reported for light manipulation and control, the sharp phase changes would be useful in enhancing the beam shifts at reflection from a metasurface. In designed periodic patterns on metal film, at surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate Goos-Hanchen shift of the order of 70 times the incident wavelength and the angular shifts of several hundred microradians. We have designed the patterns using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) together with S-matrices and have used a complete vector theory to calculate the shifts as well as demonstrate a versatile experimental setup to directly measure the shifts. The giant shifts demonstrated could prove to be useful in enhancing the sensitivity of experiments ranging from atomic force microscopy to gravitational wave detection.
Use of a novel smart heating sleeping bag to improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet
Authors: Song W. F. , Zhang C. J. , Lai D. D. , Wang F. M. , Kuklane K.
Published: January 2016

Previous studies have revealed that wearers had low skin temperatures and cold and pain sensations in the feet, when using sleeping bags under defined comfort and limit temperatures. To improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet, a novel heating sleeping bag (i.e., MARHT) was developed by embedding two heating pads into the traditional sleeping bag (i.e., MARCON) in this region. Seven female and seven male volunteers underwent two tests on different days. Each test lasted for three hours and was performed in a climate chamber with a setting temperature deduced from EN 13537 (2012) (for females: comfort temperature of −0.4 °C and for males: the limit temperature of −6.4 °C). MARHT was found to be effective in maintaining the toe and feet temperatures within the thermoneutral range for both sex groups compared to the linearly decreased temperatures in MARCON during the 3-hour exposure. In addition, wearing MARHT elevated the toe blood flow significantly for most females and all males. Thermal and comfort sensations showed a large improvement in feet and a small to moderate improvement in the whole body for both sex groups in MARHT. It was concluded that MARHT is effective in improving local thermal comfort in the feet.
Critical carbon input to maintain current soil organic carbon stocks in global wheat systems
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Luo Zhongkui , Han Pengfei , Chen Huansheng , Xu Jingjing
Published: January 2016

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in croplands is a crucial component of global carbon (C) cycle. Depending on local environmental conditions and management practices, typical C input is generally required to reduce or reverse C loss in agricultural soils. No studies have quantified the critical C input for maintaining SOC at global scale with high resolution. Such information will provide a baseline map for assessing soil C dynamics under potential changes in management practices and climate and thus enable development of management strategies to reduce C footprint from farm to regional scales. We used the soil C model RothC to simulate the critical C input rates needed to maintain existing soil C level at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution in global wheat systems. On average, the critical C input was estimated to be 2.0 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, with large spatial variability depending on local soil and climatic conditions. Higher C inputs are required in wheat system of central United States and western Europe, mainly due to the higher current soil C stocks present in these regions. The critical C input could be effectively estimated using a summary model driven by current SOC level, mean annual temperature, precipitation and soil clay content.
Molecular markers for tolerance of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to dieback disease identified using Associative Transcriptomics
Authors: Harper Andrea L. , McKinney Lea Vig , Nielsen Lene Rostgaard , Havlickova Lenka , Li Yi , Trick Martin , Fraser Fiona , Wang Lihong , Fellgett Alison , Sollars Elizabeth S. A. , Janacek Sophie H. , Downie J. Allan , Buggs Richard. J. A. , Kjær Erik Dahl , Bancroft Ian
Published: January 2016

Tree disease epidemics are a global problem, impacting food security, biodiversity and national economies. The potential for conservation and breeding in trees is hampered by complex genomes and long lifecycles, with most species lacking genomic resources. The European Ash tree Fraxinus excelsior is being devastated by the fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback disease. Taking this system as an example and utilizing Associative Transcriptomics for the first time in a plant pathology study, we discovered gene sequence and gene expression variants across a genetic diversity panel scored for disease symptoms and identified markers strongly associated with canopy damage in infected trees. Using these markers we predicted phenotypes in a test panel of unrelated trees, successfully identifying individuals with a low level of susceptibility to the disease. Co-expression analysis suggested that pre-priming of defence responses may underlie reduced susceptibility to ash dieback.
Performances of survival, feeding behavior and gene expression in aphids reveal their different fitness to host alteration
Authors: Lu Hong , Yang Pengcheng , Xu Yongyu , Luo Lan , Zhu Junjie , Cui Na , Kang Le , Cui Feng
Published: January 2016

Insect populations feeding on different plant species are under selection pressure to adapt to these differences. A study integrating elements of the ecology, behavior and gene expression of aphids on different host plants has not yet been well-explored. The present study explores the relationship between host fitness and survival, feeding behavior and salivary gland gene expression of a pea (Pisum sativum) host race ofAcyrthosiphon pisumfeeding on a common hostVicia fabaand on three genetically-related hosts (Vicia villosa,Medicago truncatulaandMedicago sativa). Life table data indicated that aphids on non-favored hosts exhibited small size, low reproduction rate, slow population increase and individual development and long lifespan. Electrical penetration graph results showed that the aphids spent significantly less time in passive ingestion of phloem sap on all non-preferred host plants before acclimation. After a period of acclimation onM. truncatulaandV. villosa, pea host race individuals showed improved feeding behavior. No individuals of the pea host race completed its life history onM. sativa. Interestingly, the number of host-specific differentially-expressed salivary gland genes was negatively correlated with the fitness of aphids on this host plant. This study provided important cues in host plant specialization in aphids.
Localized crystallization in shear bands of a metallic glass
Authors: Yan Zhijie , Song Kaikai , Hu Yong , Dai Fuping , Chu Zhibing , Eckert Jürgen
Published: January 2016

Stress-induced viscous flow is the characteristic of atomic movements during plastic deformation of metallic glasses in the absence of substantial temperature increase, which suggests that stress state plays an important role in mechanically induced crystallization in a metallic glass. However, it is poorly understood. Here, we report on the stress-induced localized crystallization in individual shear bands of Zr60Al15Ni25 metallic glass subjected to cold rolling. We find that crystallization in individual shear bands preferentially occurs in the regions neighboring the amorphous matrix, where the materials are subjected to compressive stresses demonstrated by our finite element simulations. Our results provide direct evidence that the mechanically induced crystallization kinetics is closely related with the stress state. The crystallization kinetics under compressive and tensile stresses are interpreted within the frameworks of potential energy landscape and classical nucleation theory, which reduces the role of stress state in mechanically induced crystallization in a metallic glass.
Electroreflectance imaging of gold-H3PO4 supercapacitors. Part II: microsupercapacitor ageing characterization
Authors: Saviers Kimberly R. , Kundu Arpan , Maize Kerry , Shakouri Ali , Fisher Timothy S.
Published: January 2016

The electroreflectance technique is shown to be an effective method for visualizing ageing behavior of microsupercapacitors.
Utilising copper screen-printed electrodes (CuSPE) for the electroanalytical sensing of sulfide
Authors: Thakur Bhawana , Bernalte Elena , Smith Jamie P. , Foster Christopher W. , Linton Patricia E. , Sawant Shilpa N. , Banks Craig E.
Published: January 2016

A mediatorless sulfide electrochemical sensing platform utilising a novel nanocopper-oxide screen-printed electrodes (CuSPE) is reported for the first time.
The influence of oxidation debris containing in graphene oxide on the adsorption and electrochemical properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione
Authors: Ma Danyang , Dong Lini , Zhou Ming , Zhu Liande
Published: January 2016

The presence of oxidation debris greatly impact on the adsorption and electrochemical response of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione on graphene oxide.
Selective simultaneous determination of levodopa and acetaminophen in the presence of ascorbic acid using a novel TiO2hollow sphere/multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-aspartic acid composite modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Babaei Ali , Sohrabi Masoud
Published: January 2016

A novel modified carbon paste electrode was developed and used as the electrochemical sensor for selective simultaneous determination of levodopa and acetaminophen in the presence of ascorbic acid.
An excited-state intramolecular proton transfer-based probe for the discrimination of thiophenols over aliphatic thiols
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Su Wei , Zhou Qiulan , Yin Peng , Li Haitao , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: January 2016

A novel ESIPT based fluorescent probe for the detection of thiophenols has been developed. The probe showed a very fast response (within 1 min) to thiophenols. The probe can be used to monitor the thiophenol level in water samples and living cells.
Advanced strategies for improving the analytical performance of Pt-based nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors: a minireview
Authors: Niu X. H. , Shi L. B. , Zhao H. L. , Lan M. B.
Published: January 2016

Advanced strategies for improving the analytical performance of Pt-based nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors are discussed.
Pd-on-Si catalysts prepared via galvanic displacement for the selective hydrogenation of para-chloronitrobenzene
Authors: Wei Qian , Shi Yu-Sheng , Sun Ke-Qiang , Xu Bo-Qing
Published: January 2016

The Pd–Si catalyst suppresses the undesirable hydrodehalogenation reaction and produces para-chloroaniline with a selectivity higher than 99.9% at complete conversion of para-chloronitrobenzene.
A hyperbranched conjugated Schiff base polymer network: a potential negative electrode for flexible thin film batteries
Authors: Sun Yubao , Sun Yahui , Pan Qiyun , Li Gai , Han Bo , Zeng Danli , Zhang Yunfeng , Cheng Hansong
Published: January 2016

A hyperbranched conjugated Schiff base polymer network was synthesized by condensation between 4,4′,4′′-nitrilotribenzaldehyde and p-phenylenediamine.
Trigonal Cu2-II-Sn-VI4 (II = Ba, Sr and VI = S, Se) quaternary compounds for earth-abundant photovoltaics
Authors: Hong Feng , Lin Wenjun , Meng Weiwei , Yan Yanfa
Published: January 2016

We propose trigonal Cu2-II-Sn-VI4 (II = Ba, Sr and VI = S, Se) quaternary compounds for earth-abundant solar cell applications.
Effect of oxygen and ozone on p-type doping of ultra-thin WSe2 and MoSe2 field effect transistors
Authors: Wang Shunfeng , Zhao Weijie , Giustiniano Francesco , Eda Goki
Published: January 2016

Oxygen and ozone molecules induce p-type doping in WSe2via the charge transfer process, leading to a considerable increase in the hole conductance.
Functional nucleic acid-based hydrogels for bioanalytical and biomedical applications
Authors: Li Juan , Mo Liuting , Lu Chun-Hua , Fu Ting , Yang Huang-Hao , Tan Weihong
Published: January 2016

We survey advances in bioanalytical and biomedical applications of functional nucleic acid-based hydrogels in this review.
An iron(ii) hydride complex of a ligand with two adjacent β-diketiminate binding sites and its reactivity
Authors: Gehring Henrike , Metzinger Ramona , Braun Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Harder Sjoerd , Ray Kallol , Limberg Christian
Published: January 2016

A FeII(μ-H)2FeII core could be accommodated within an expanded β-diketiminato ligand system featuring two binding pockets. The addition of protons led to dihydrogen evolution, while contact with CO2 yielded formate complexes.
The polyoxo-22-palladate(ii), [Na2PdII22O12(AsVO4)15(AsVO3OH)]25−
Authors: Izarova Natalya V. , Lin Zhengguo , Yang Peng , Kondinski Aleksandar , Vankova Nina , Heine Thomas , Kortz Ulrich
Published: January 2016

The polyoxo-22-palladate [Na2PdII22O12(AsVO4)15(AsVO3OH)]25− (1), which represents a novel polyoxo-noble-metalate structural type, was synthesized by reaction of Pd2+ and AsO43− ions in aqueous solution.
Cyclometalated titanium and zirconium complexes stabilised by a new silylmethylene-linked tetradentate triamidophosphine
Authors: Sietzen M. , Federmann P. , Sonnenschein C. , Wadepohl H. , Ballmann J.
Published: January 2016

Reactive titanium and zirconium alkyl species coordinated by a new tetradentateN-phenyl substituted silylmethylene-linked triamidophosphine ligand were shown to undergo cyclometalation at theortho-N-phenyl positons affording titana- and zirconazetidines.
Electronic effects on the catalytic disproportionation of formic acid to methanol by [Cp*IrIII(R-bpy)Cl]Cl complexes
Authors: Sasayama A. F. , Moore C. E. , Kubiak C. P.
Published: January 2016

The electronic effects on the catalytic disproportionation of formic acid to methanol by a series of iridium complexes are elucidated.
An unprecedented 2D copper(i)–cyanide complex with 20-membered metal rings: the effect of the co-ligand 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one
Authors: Ma Feng , Gao Su-Mei , Wu Meng-Meng , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Fu-Chen , Li Nai-Xuan
Published: January 2016

The effects of L ligands were illustrated in constructing a copper(i)–cyanide complex with 20 membered metal rings, in which the L ligands act as corner and bridge ligands simultaneously forming a 2D layer with a Cu20(CN)18L2 macrocycle.
Mechanism of iridium-catalysed branched-selective hydroarylation of vinyl ethers: a computational study
Authors: Zhang Mei , Huang Genping
Published: January 2016

An unconventional modified Chalk–Harrod-type mechanism was revealed by DFT calculations for the iridium-catalysed branched-selective hydroarylation of vinyl ethers.
Non-invasive chemically specific measurement of subsurface temperature in biological tissues using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Stone Nicholas , Matousek Pavel
Published: January 2016

Here we demonstrate for the first time the viability of characterising non-invasively the subsurface temperature of SERS nanoparticles embedded within biological tissues using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). The proposed analytical method (T-SESORS) is applicable in general to diffusely scattering (turbid) media and features high sensitivity and high chemical selectivity. The method relies on monitoring the Stokes and anti-Stokes bands of SERS nanoparticles in depth using SORS. The approach has been conceptually demonstrated using a SORS variant, transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS), by measuring subsurface temperatures within a slab of porcine tissue (5 mm thick). Root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.20 °C were achieved when measuring temperatures over ranges between 25 and 44 °C. This unique capability complements the array of existing, predominantly surface-based, temperature monitoring techniques. It expands on a previously demonstrated SORS temperature monitoring capability by adding extra sensitivity stemming from SERS to low concentration analytes. The technique paves the way for a wide range of applications including subsurface, chemical-specific, non-invasive temperature analysis within turbid translucent media including: the human body, subsurface monitoring of chemical (e.g. catalytic) processes in manufacture quality and process control and research. Additionally, the method opens prospects for control of thermal treatment of cancer in vivo with direct non-invasive feedback on the temperature of mediating plasmonic nanoparticles.
Performing selections under dynamic conditions for synthetic biology applications
Authors: Lindle Jessica M. , Dunlop Mary J.
Published: January 2016

As the design of synthetic circuits and metabolic networks becomes more complex it is often difficult to know a priori which parameters and design choices will result in a desired phenotype.
Analysis of single nucleic acid molecules in micro- and nano-fluidics
Authors: Friedrich Sarah M. , Zec Helena C. , Wang Tza-Huei
Published: January 2016

This review discusses recent advances in single molecule analysis of nucleic acid molecules within micro- and nano-fluidic environments.
A perovskite cell with a record-high-Voc of 1.61 V based on solvent annealed CH3NH3PbBr3/ICBA active layer
Authors: Wu Chun-Guey , Chiang Chien-Hung , Chang Sheng Hsiung
Published: January 2016

An inverted perovskite solar cell with a record-high Voc of 1.61 V based on a CH3NH3PbBr3 fabricated at moderate temperature (∼100 °C) and high LUMO ICBA acceptor was reported. Solvent annealing of the donor/acceptor layer was shown to be a way to improve the performance of the cell with a low quality CH3NH3PbBr3 film.
Dry shear aligning: a simple and versatile method to smooth and align the surfaces of carbon nanotube thin films
Authors: Tune D. D. , Stolz B. W. , Pfohl M. , Flavel B. S.
Published: January 2016

We show that the application of lateral shear force on a randomly oriented thin film of carbon nanotubes, in the dry state, causes significant reordering of the nanotubes at the film surface.
Novel poly(triphenylamine-alt-fluorene) with asymmetric hexaphenylbenzene and pyrene moieties: synthesis, fluorescence, flexible near-infrared electrochromic devices and theoretical investigation
Authors: Wang Po-I. , Shie Wan-Ru , Jiang Jyh-Chiang , Li Lain-Jong , Liaw Der-Jang
Published: January 2016

A new triphenylamine-alt-fluorene conjugated polymer with hexaphenylbenzene and pyrene for near-infrared electrochromism supported by DFT calculation and simulated spectra.
Two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for gas-sensing applications
Authors: Yang Wei , Gan Lin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: January 2016

In this critical review, we mainly focus on the current developments of gas sensors based on typical 2D layered nanomaterials, including graphene, MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, SnS2, VS2, black phosphorus (BP), h-BN, and g-C3N4.
Conversion of broadband UV-visible light to near infrared emission by Ca14Zn6Al10O35: Mn4+, Nd3+/Yb3+
Authors: Gao Xuejun , Xia Wenbin , Chen Tiejin , Yang Xiaoliang , Jin Xiangliang , Xiao Siguo
Published: January 2016

Efficient Ca14Zn6Al10O35: Mn4+, Nd3+/Yb3+ spectral conversion materials have been prepared by a sol–gel method.
Preparation and labeling of surface-modified magnetoferritin protein cages with a rhenium(i) carbonyl complex for magnetically targeted radiotherapy
Authors: Aslan Tuğba Nur , Aşık Elif , Volkan Mürvet
Published: January 2016

Labeling of magnetoferritin samples with rhenium in the form of low oxidation state rhenium(i)–tricarbonyl complex, [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+.
Diorganotin(iv) 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl selenolates: synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of SnSe2 nano-sheets and thin films
Authors: Tyagi Adish , Kedarnath G. , Wadawale Amey , Shah Alpa Y. , Jain Vimal K. , Vishwanadh B.
Published: January 2016

Organotin complexes, [R2Sn{SeC4H(Me-4,6)2N2}2] and [R2SnCl{SeC4H(Me-4,6)2N2}] (R = alkyl) were prepared and utilized as ssps for the preparation of SnSe2 nanosheets and thin films. Tunability of band gaps has been demonstrated.
A simple label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor based on carbon nanotube–DNA interaction
Authors: Shahrokhian Saeed , Salimian Razieh , Kalhor Hamid Reza
Published: January 2016

A DNA biosensor based on π–π interactions between DNA and MWCNTs was developed in which the MWCNTs play the role of a conductive indicator.
Preparing electrochemical active hierarchically porous carbons for detecting nitrite in drinkable water
Authors: Ding Baojun , Wang Hong , Tao Shengyang , Wang Yuchao , Qiu Jieshan
Published: January 2016

The hierarchically porous graphite modified electrode showed a considerable electro-activity toward the detection of nitrite in drinkable water.
Albumin-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient sorbent for removal of Pb(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Malekpour Akbar , Khodadadi Mohammad
Published: January 2016

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are increasingly attracting interest as a new and efficient sorbent for metallic contaminant elimination in environmental samples.
Hydroxylated fullerene-capped, vinblastine-loaded folic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted anticancer therapy
Authors: Knežević Nikola Ž. , Mrđanović Jasminka , Borišev Ivana , Milenković Sanja , Janaćković Đorđe , Cunin Frédérique , Djordjevic Aleksandar
Published: January 2016

Fullerenol and anticancer drug loaded pores of folic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles are showcased for targeted anticancer treatment.
Na-X zeolite templated and sulfur-impregnated porous carbon as the cathode for a high-performance Li–S battery
Authors: Cui Yanhui , Chen Jun , Huang Kevin , Du Chenqiang , Wu Junwei , Baker Andrew P. , Zhang Xinhe
Published: January 2016

A-ZPC-S composite is an excellent and promising cathode for high-performance Li-S batteries. With 46 wt% sulfur loading, it exhibited a first discharge capacity of 1204 mA h g−1and a reversible capacity of 691 mA h g−1after 300 cycles, fading only 0.142% per cycle.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles on TiO2nanorod/FTO as a photoanode with enhanced visible light sensitization
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vivek , Kim Hyun , Park Jucheol , Yang Beelyong
Published: January 2016

A simple, low cost, two-step synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles sensitized on TiO2nanorods with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties.
Multiporous open-cell poly(vinyl formal) foams for sound absorption
Authors: Xue Bai , Deng Jianguo , Zhang Junhua
Published: January 2016

A series of multiporous open-cell poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) foams were obtained by crosslinking poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different contents of formaldehyde in aqueous solution.
Development of an AIE based fluorescent probe for the detection of nitrate anions in aqueous solution over a wide pH range
Authors: Chen Shiyan , Ni Xin-Long
Published: January 2016

A new type of AIE-based turn-on fluorescent probe1was reported to highly selective detection of NO3−anion in aqueous solution and living cells by virtue of ionic interaction.
Microstructure, growth process and enhanced photocatalytic activity of flower-like ZnO particles
Authors: Su Yumin , Li Jibiao , Luo Zhanzhou , Lu Bin , Li Ping
Published: January 2016

A simple hydrothermal process was developed to synthesize flower-like ZnO microstructures that exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity.
A reversible fluorescent-colorimetric chemosensor based on a novel Schiff base for visual detection of CO32− in aqueous solution
Authors: Ghorai Anupam , Mondal Jahangir , Chandra Rukmani , Patra Goutam K.
Published: January 2016

A novel Schiff base receptor L has been fabricated for fluorescent-colorimetric detection of CO32− in aqueous media. L shows an excellent selectivity, rapid response and reversibility and its sensitivity for CO32− is the lowest ever found (96 nM).
l-Phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution and the effect of surfactant additive
Authors: Mobin Mohammad , Zehra Saman , Aslam Ruby
Published: January 2016

Structure ofl-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride.
Controlled synthesis and morphology dependent luminescence of Lu2O2S:Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Zou Haifeng , Dai Yunzhi , Song Yanhua , Zheng Keyan , Zhou Xiuqing , Sheng Ye
Published: January 2016

The dependence of Lu2O2S:Eu3+ luminescence performance on different morphologies has been explored and possible reasons are proposed.
Strong base pre-treatment for colorimetric sensor array detection and identification of N-methyl carbamate pesticides
Authors: Qian Sihua , Leng Yumin , Lin Hengwei
Published: January 2016

A strategy of strong base pre-treatment was developed and employed to the colorimetric sensor array detection and differentiation of N-methyl carbamate pesticides.
Graphene oxide aerogels constructed using large or small graphene oxide with different electrical, mechanical and adsorbent properties
Authors: Gao Yi-Dan , Kong Qing-Qiang , Liu Zhuo , Li Xiao-Ming , Chen Cheng-Meng , Cai Rong
Published: January 2016

The structure and property differences of graphene oxide aerogels are studied by assembling them using graphene oxide sheets in controlled lateral dimensions.
The application of reaction engineering to biocatalysis
Authors: Ringborg R. H. , Woodley J. M.
Published: January 2016

Biocatalysis is a growing area of synthetic and process chemistry with the ability to deliver not only improved processes for the synthesis of existing compounds, but also new routes to new compounds.
Block copolymers: controlling nanostructure to generate functional materials – synthesis, characterization, and engineering
Authors: Epps, III Thomas H. , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: January 2016

In this perspective, we survey recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of block copolymers, discuss several key materials opportunities enabled by block copolymers, and highlight some of the challenges that currently limit further realization of block copolymers in promising nanoscale applications.
A complex with nitrogen single, double, and triple bonds to the same chromium atom: synthesis, structure, and reactivity
Authors: Beaumier Evan P. , Billow Brennan S. , Singh Amrendra K. , Biros Shannon M. , Odom Aaron L.
Published: January 2016

A complex with single, double and triple bonds between nitrogen and the same metal center has been synthesized, [NCr(NPh)(NPri2)2]−. The complex shows differential activity, with some electrophiles attacking the imido and others the nitrido.
First row transition metal catalysts for solar-driven water oxidation produced by electrodeposition
Authors: Roger Isolda , Symes Mark D.
Published: January 2016

Herein we discuss catalysts for the water oxidation half-reaction of electrochemical water splitting that can be produced by electrodeposition and that are based on the comparatively plentiful and inexpensive first row transition metals.
High energy density hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery with superior ultra-low temperature performance
Authors: Zhang Zhonghua , Xu Huimin , Cui Zili , Hu Pu , Chai Jingchao , Du Huiping , He Jianjiang , Zhang Jianjun , Zhou Xinhong , Han Pengxian , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan
Published: January 2016

A hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery operates at a high potential of 2.45 V and delivers superior properties, especially at ultra-low temperature (77% capacity retention at −40 °C), which is preferable for many peculiar fields and places, such as polar regions, aerospace, and deep offshore waters.
Nanostructure-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins
Authors: Chao Jie , Cao Wenfang , Su Shao , Weng Lixing , Song Shiping , Fan Chunhai , Wang Lianhui
Published: January 2016

Nanostructure-based SERS platforms have been developed for nucleic acid and protein detection ranging from label-free, labeled and multiplex analyses.
Visualization of in situ hydrogels by MRI in vivo
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Ke , Luan Jie , Wen Zhi , Wang Lei , Liu Zhilan , Wu Guangyao , Zhuo Renxi
Published: January 2016

Chitosan and PEG-based self-healable in situ hydrogel developed as a long-term MRI reporter.
Highlights from Faraday Discussion 182: Solid Oxide Electrolysis: Fuels and Feedstocks from Water and Air, York, UK, July 2015
Authors: Stefan Elena , Norby Truls
Published: January 2016

The rising importance of converting high peak electricity, from renewables to fuels has urged field specialists to organize this Faraday Discussion on Solid Oxide Electrolysis.
Correction: Folate appended chitosan nanoparticles augment the stability, bioavailability and efficacy of insulin in diabetic rats following oral administration
Authors: Agrawal Ashish Kumar , Urimi Dileep , Harde Harshad , Kushwah Varun , Jain Sanyog
Published: January 2016

Correction for ‘Folate appended chitosan nanoparticles augment the stability, bioavailability and efficacy of insulin in diabetic rats following oral administration’ by Ashish Kumar Agrawal et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 105179–105193.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, IP3 receptors and ER–PM junctions: translocation of Ca2+ signalling complexes and regulation of migration
Authors: Okeke Emmanuel , Parker Tony , Dingsdale Hayley , Concannon Matthew , Awais Muhammad , Voronina Svetlana , Molgó Jordi , Begg Malcolm , Metcalf Daniel , Knight Alex E. , Sutton Robert , Haynes Lee , Tepikin Alexei V.
Published: January 2016

Disconnection of a cell from its epithelial neighbours and the formation of a mesenchymal phenotype are associated with profound changes in the distribution of cellular components and the formation of new cellular polarity. We observed a dramatic redistribution of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-competent endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane junctions (ER–PM junctions) when pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells disconnect from their neighbours and undergo individual migration. In cellular monolayers IP3Rs are juxtaposed with tight junctions. When individual cells migrate away from their neighbours IP3Rs preferentially accumulate at the leading edge where they surround focal adhesions. Uncaging of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) resulted in prominent accumulation of paxillin in focal adhesions, highlighting important functional implications of the observed novel structural relationships. ER–PM junctions and STIM1 proteins also migrate to the leading edge and position closely behind the IP3Rs, creating a stratified distribution of Ca2+ signalling complexes in this region. Importantly, migration of PDAC cells was strongly suppressed by selective inhibition of IP3Rs and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), indicating that these mechanisms are functionally required for migration.
HSF-1 is involved in regulation of ascaroside pheromone biosynthesis by heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Joo Hyoe-Jin , Park Saeram , Kim Kwang-Youl , Kim Mun-Young , Kim Heekyeong , Park Donha , Paik Young-Ki
Published: January 2016

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans survives by adapting to environmental stresses such as temperature extremes by increasing the concentrations of ascaroside pheromones, termed ascarosides or daumones, which signal early C. elegans larvae to enter a non-aging dauer state for long-term survival. It is well known that production of ascarosides is stimulated by heat stress, resulting in enhanced dauer formation by which worms can adapt to environmental insults. However, the molecular mechanism by which ascaroside pheromone biosynthesis is stimulated by heat stress remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show that the heat-shock transcription factor HSF-1 can mediate enhanced ascaroside pheromone biosynthesis in response to heat stress by activating the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation genes in C. elegans. To explore the potential molecular mechanisms, we examined the four major genes involved in the ascaroside biosynthesis pathway and then quantified the changes in both the expression of these genes and ascaroside production under heat-stress conditions. The transcriptional activation of ascaroside pheromone biosynthesis genes by HSF-1 was quite notable, which is not only supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, but also accompanied by the enhanced production of chemically detectable major ascarosides (e.g. daumones 1 and 3). Consequently, the dauer formation rate was significantly increased by the ascaroside pheromone extracts from N2 wild-type but not from hsf-1(sy441) mutant animals grown under heat-stress conditions. Hence heat-stress-enhanced ascaroside production appears to be mediated at least in part by HSF-1, which seems to be important in adaptation strategies for coping with heat stress in this nematode.
Construction of girth‐eight quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes with low encoding complexity
Authors: Wang Ruyan , Li Yong , Zhao Hui , Qin Liang , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2016

A construction method for girth‐eight quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes (QC‐LDPCs) with low encoding complexity is proposed in this study. To avoid short cycles and further improve the performance of the authors proposed codes, the greatest common divisor (GCD)‐based method is utilised to construct the information part with girth‐eight of the parity‐check matrix with systematic form. Furthermore, the quasi‐dual‐diagonal structure is adopted as the parity part of the parity‐check matrix for fast encoding, which not only maintains the parity‐check matrix with girth‐eight, but also efficiently decreases the encoding complexity of their proposed codes. Simulation results show that their proposed codes perform better than Mackay's codes and the QC‐LDPCs constructed by the GCD‐based method, and have comparable performance compared with progressive edge growth based QC‐LDPCs. Besides, their proposed codes have lower encoding complexity due to the property of fast encoding.
Special protection scheme against voltage collapse
Authors: Derafshian Mehdi , Amjady Nima , Dehghan Shahab
Published: January 2016

The safe and continuous operation of power systems necessitates the implementation of special protection schemes (SPSs) against severe disturbances that may lead to a system breakdown. This study proposes a new SPS to mitigate voltage collapse against predetermined contingencies that can significantly lessen the voltage stability margin (VSM) of the system. The proposed SPS is based on an effective load shedding scheme that uses a multi‐objective optimisation framework including the objectives of load cut, VSM and the integral of the deviation from nominal voltage. Moreover, a new diversely distributed multi‐objective fuzzy‐based theta gravitational search algorithm is proposed to solve the optimisation problem. Khorasan area of Iran's power system in 2014 peak load time is used as a test case for the suggested SPS. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by comparing its simulation results with the results of the current SPS and other solution approaches.
Stabilising falling liquid film flows using feedback control
Authors: Thompson Alice B. , Gomes Susana N. , Pavliotis Grigorios A. , Papageorgiou Demetrios T.
Published: January 2016

Falling liquid films become unstable due to inertial effects when the fluid layer is sufficiently thick or the slope sufficiently steep. This free surface flow of a single fluid layer has industrial applications including coating and heat transfer, which benefit from smooth and wavy interfaces, respectively. Here, we discuss how the dynamics of the system are altered by feedback controls based on observations of the interface height, and supplied to the system via the perpendicular injection and suction of fluid through the wall. In this study, we model the system using both Benney and weighted-residual models that account for the fluid injection through the wall. We find that feedback using injection and suction is a remarkably effective control mechanism: the controls can be used to drive the system towards arbitrary steady states and travelling waves, and the qualitative effects are independent of the details of the flow modelling. Furthermore, we show that the system can still be successfully controlled when the feedback is applied via a set of localised actuators and only a small number of system observations are available, and that this is possible using both static (where the controls are based on only the most recent set of observations) and dynamic (where the controls are based on an approximation of the system which evolves over time) control schemes. This study thus provides a solid theoretical foundation for future experimental realisations of the active feedback control of falling liquid films.
Centrifugal sedimentation immunoassays for multiplexed detection of enteric bacteria in ground water
Authors: Litvinov Julia , Moen Scott T. , Koh Chung-Yan , Singh Anup K.
Published: January 2016

Waterborne pathogens pose significant threat to the global population and early detection plays an important role both in making drinking water safe, as well as in diagnostics and treatment of water-borne diseases. We present an innovative centrifugal sedimentation immunoassay platform for detection of bacterial pathogens in water. Our approach is based on binding of pathogens to antibody-functionalized capture particles followed by sedimentation of the particles through a density-media in a microfluidic disk. Beads at the distal end of the disk are imaged to quantify the fluorescence and determine the bacterial concentration. Our platform is fast (20 min), can detect as few as ∼10 bacteria with minimal sample preparation, and can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously. The platform was used to detect a panel of enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella, Listeria, and Campylobacter) spiked in tap and ground water samples.
Turbulent drag reduction over air- and liquid- impregnated surfaces
Authors: Rosenberg Brian J. , Van Buren Tyler , Fu Matthew K. , Smits Alexander J.
Published: January 2016

Results on turbulent skin friction reduction over air- and liquid-impregnated surfaces are presented for aqueous Taylor-Couette flow. The surfaces are fabricated by mechanically texturing the inner cylinder and chemically modifying the features to make them either non-wetting with respect to water (air-infused, or superhydrophobic case), or wetting with respect to an oil that is immiscible with water (liquid-infused case). The drag reduction, which remains fairly constant over the Reynolds number range tested (100 ≤ Reτ ≤ 140), is approximately 10% for the superhydrophobic surface and 14% for the best liquid-infused surface. Our results suggest that liquid-infused surfaces may enable robust drag reduction in high Reynolds number turbulent flows without the shortcomings associated with conventional superhydrophobic surfaces, namely, failure under conditions of high hydrodynamic pressure and turbulent flow fluctuations.
On the influence of surface tension during the impact of particles on a liquid-gaseous interface
Authors: Kintea D. M. , Breitenbach J. , Thammanna Gurumurthy V. , Roisman I. V. , Tropea C.
Published: January 2016

A numerical study of the water entry of non-rotating and rotating rigid spheres under varying impact angles and Weber numbers is presented. The numerical algorithm uses a finite-volume discretization and the interface between the liquid and the gaseous phase is described by means of a volume-of-fluid method. An appropriate mesh translation allows the boundary condition at the surface of the moving and rotating particle to be accounted for. The simulation results are validated with experiments and found to be in very good agreement both qualitatively (evolution of cavity shape) and quantitatively (motion of particle with respect to time). An investigation of the influence of particle rotation on its water entry behavior is carried out as well as an analysis of the effect of wettability upon cavity formation. Notably, wettability of the sphere plays a role during the penetration of a free liquid surface, even at higher Weber numbers. During impact of small particles at low Weber numbers, the influence of capillary forces rises and the force emerging at the three phase contact line becomes predominant. This force is taken into account and its influence on the impact behavior is presented. It is shown that the interface penetration behavior, either water entry or escaping from water, mostly depends on the Weber number, the solid to liquid density ratio, and the particle’s wettability, while the impact angle has nearly no influence.
Improvement of diffraction efficiency of three-dimensional magneto-optic spatial light modulator with magnetophotonic crystal
Authors: Nakamura K. , Takagi H. , Goto Taichi , Lim P. B. , Horimai H. , Yoshikawa H. , Bove V. M. , Inoue M.
Published: January 2016

We have developed three-dimensional magneto-optic spatial light modulators (3D-MOSLMs) that use magnetic domains as submicron scale pixels to represent holograms. Our display system uses a submicron-scale magnetic pixel array on an amorphous TbFe film to create a wide viewing angle hologram. However, in previous work the reconstructed images had a low intensity and a low optical contrast; brightness of the reconstructed image was 4.4 × 10−2 cd/m2 with 532 nm illumination light at 10.8 mW/cm2, while display standard ISO13406 recommends 100 cd/m2 or more. In this paper, we describe our development of a 3D-MOSLM composed of an artificial magnetic lattice structure of magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs). The MPCs enhance the diffraction efficiency of reconstructed 3D images and reduce the power consumption for controlling the magnetic pixels by a light localization effect. We demonstrate reconstructed 3D images using the MPC and show significant brightness improvement.
New insights into the nonadiabatic state population dynamics of model proton-coupled electron transfer reactions from the mixed quantum-classical Liouville approach
Authors: Shakib Farnaz A. , Hanna Gabriel
Published: January 2016

In a previous study [F. A. Shakib and G. Hanna, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 044122 (2014)], we investigated a model proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction via the mixed quantum-classical Liouville (MQCL) approach and found that the trajectories spend the majority of their time on the mean of two coherently coupled adiabatic potential energy surfaces. This suggested a need for mean surface evolution to accurately simulate observables related to ultrafast PCET processes. In this study, we simulate the time-dependent populations of the three lowest adiabatic states in the ET-PT (i.e., electron transfer preceding proton transfer) version of the same PCET model via the MQCL approach and compare them to the exact quantum results and those obtained via the fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach. We find that the MQCL population profiles are in good agreement with the exact quantum results and show a significant improvement over the FSSH results. All of the mean surfaces are shown to play a direct role in the dynamics of the state populations. Interestingly, our results indicate that the population transfer to the second-excited state can be mediated by dynamics on the mean of the ground and second-excited state surfaces, as part of a sequence of nonadiabatic transitions that bypasses the first-excited state surface altogether. This is made possible through nonadiabatic transitions between different mean surfaces, which is the manifestation of coherence transfer in MQCL dynamics. We also investigate the effect of the strength of the coupling between the proton/electron and the solvent coordinate on the state population dynamics. Drastic changes in the population dynamics are observed, which can be understood in terms of the changes in the potential energy surfaces and the nonadiabatic couplings. Finally, we investigate the state population dynamics in the PT-ET (i.e., proton transfer preceding electron transfer) and concerted versions of the model. The PT-ET results confirm the participation of all of the mean surfaces, albeit in different proportions compared to the ET-PT case, while the concerted results indicate that the mean of the ground- and first-excited state surfaces only plays a role, due to the large energy gaps between the ground- and second-excited state surfaces.
Modal Rayleigh-like streaming in layered acoustofluidic devices
Authors: Lei Junjun , Glynne-Jones Peter , Hill Martyn
Published: January 2016

Classical Rayleigh streaming is well known and can be modelled using Nyborg’s limiting velocity method as driven by fluid velocities adjacent to the walls parallel to the axis of the main acoustic resonance. We have demonstrated previously the existence and the mechanism of four-quadrant transducer plane streaming patterns in thin-layered acoustofluidic devices which are driven by the limiting velocities on the walls perpendicular to the axis of the main acoustic propagation. We have recently found experimentally that there is a third case which resembles Rayleigh streaming but is a more complex pattern related to three-dimensional cavity modes of an enclosure. This streaming has vortex sizes related to the effective wavelength in each cavity axis of the modes which can be much larger than those found in the one-dimensional case with Rayleigh streaming. We will call this here modal Rayleigh-like streaming and show that it can be important in layered acoustofluidic manipulation devices. This paper seeks to establish the conditions under which each of these is dominant and shows how the limiting velocity field for each relates to different parts of the complex acoustic intensity patterns at the driving boundaries.