bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of 5-Oxodihydroisoxazoles. Part 23. Photochemical and Thermal Reactions of Isoxazol-5(2H)-ones substituted at C-3 or C-4 with Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur
Authors: Khalafy Jabbar , Prager Rolf H. , Smith Jason A.
Published: June 2021

3-Amino- and 3-hydroxy-isoxazol-5(2 H)-ones can exist as a number of tautomers which give discrete photolysis and pyrolysis products.
Coordination Networks with 1,3-Bis(4-pyridyl)propane. A Flexible Ligand Exhibiting Supramolecular Isomerism
Authors: Plater M. John , Foreman Mark R. St J. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z.
Published: June 2021

An open framework rectangular grid is formed by the self-assembly of 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane with copper nitrate and copper perchlorate.
Geometrical Preferences in Bis(dithiocarbamato)tin(IV) Complexes: X-Ray Structure of cis-I2Sn[S2CN(C2H5)2]2 and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Selvaraju Radhakrishnan , Manoharan Mariappan , Laavanya Parthasarathi , Panchanatheswaran Krishnaswamy , Venuvanalingam Ponnambalam
Published: June 2021

The geometry of cis-l2Sn[S2CN(C2H5)2]2 is confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis; the spectral data of the complex resemble those of the bromo complex and PM3 calculations on octahedral complexes of the type XYSn[S2CN(C2H5)2]2 reveal that their geometrical preferences depend upon the electron availability on the monodentate ligands X or Y.
Nuclease Activity of Oxo-bridged Diiron Complexes
Authors: Kumbhar Amar S. , Damle Shirish G. , Dasgupta Suryasarathi T. , Rane Sandhya Y. , Kumbhar Avinash S.
Published: June 2021

The dinuclear oxo-bridged complexes [Fe(salen)]2O, [Fe(salen)]2O - X (where X = pyridine, perchlorate) cleave plasmid pBR322 DNA in concert with H2O2.
Microwave-assisted Aminolysis of Epoxides under Solvent-free Conditions Catalyzed by Montmorillonite Clay
Authors: Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Saidi Mohammad R. , Bolourtchian Mohammad
Published: June 2021

The reaction of primary and secondary amines with epoxides in the presence of montmorillonite K10 clay, under solvent-free condtions and microwave irradiation affords high yields of β-amino alcohols.
Synthesis of 5-(2-Phenylethenyl)indolizines by Selective Intermolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2-(2-Phenylethenyl)pyridinium N-Ylide with Alkenes Promoted by Tetrakis-pyridine Cobalt(II) Dichromate
Authors: Zhou Jian , Hu Yuefei , Hu Hongwen
Published: June 2021

Intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 2-(2-phenylethenyl)pyridinium N-ylides (3a–d) with electron-deficient alkenes (5a–d) were carried out selectively in the presence of tetrakis-pyridine cobalt(II) dichromate to yield 5-(2-phenylethenyl)indolizines (6a–j) in moderate yields (48–63%).
Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Bis(aziridin-N-yl)glyoxime and its Nickel(II), Palladium(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Musluoğlu Emel , Ahsen Vefa
Published: June 2021

An aziridine functional vic-dioxime ligand and complexes with NiII, PdII and CoII are prepared starting from aziridine by the reaction of cyanogen di- N-oxide.
Theoretical Study on Metalloporphyrins with Large Second-order Hyperpolarizabilities
Authors: Zhang Yong , You Xiao-Zeng
Published: June 2021

The effects of the conjugation system, the substituents and the central metals in a series of model compounds of benzoporphyrins, which have the largest experimental second-order hyperpolarizabilities (γ) to date, have been directly investigated by their structural features and charge-transfer (CT) nature.
A Facile Synthesis of Bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes and Bis(5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes
Authors: Xu Peng-Fei , Sun Xiao-Wen , Zhang Lin-Mei , Zhang Zi-Yi
Published: June 2021

The facile preparation of bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes 1a–d and bis(5-mercapto-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes 2a–d in one-step is described.
Radical Ion Salts and Complexes, Part XVII. TCNQ Salts of 1,4-Dimethylpyridine and 2,3-Bis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)butane
Authors: Houghton Timothy J. , Wallwork Stephen C.
Published: June 2021

X-Ray structure determination of the complex salts [MeNC5H4Me]+[TCNQ2]- [1,4-dimethylpyridinium 2(7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) (1-); I] and [Me(NC5H4)(Me)CH-CH(Me)(C5H4N)Me]2+[TCNQ4]2- [ meso-2,3-bis( N-methyl-4-pyridyl)butane(2+) 4(7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) (2-); II], where TCNQ=(CN)2C(C6H4)C(CN)2, shows that, although in both salts the TCNQ moieties are stacked in columns, lateral shifts break these columns into diads for I and tetrads for II causing their electrical conductivities to be only moderate (Σ = 2–4 × 10−3 ohm−1 cm−1).
Synthesis, Characterization and X-Ray Structural Determination of the Nine-coordinate Tris-aqua Tetra-oxamato Neodymium(III) Complex [Nd(Hoxm)3(H2oxm)·2.5H2O]n
Authors: Veltsistas P. G. , Papadimitriou C. D. , Slawin A. M. Z. , Woollins J. D.
Published: June 2021

The reaction of NdIII with oxamic acid yields [Nd(Hoxm)3(H2oxm)·2.5H2O] n 1 (H2oxm = oxamic acid) which contains nine-coordinate Nd centres linked into chains via four-coordinate Hoxm- ligands; the chains are connected via an array of H-bonds.
A Pyrone Strategy for the Synthesis of 3-Acyltetramic Acids
Authors: Jones Raymond C. F. , Bhalay Gurdip , Patience Jacqueline M. , Patel Pravin
Published: June 2021

The potential of pyrones as precursors to 3-acyltetramic acids is demonstrated by the conversion of 5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone into a 3-acyltetramic acid.
Clay-catalyzed Conversion of 2,2-Disubstituted Malononitriles to 2-Oxazolines: Towards Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Jnaneshwara G. K. , Deshpande Vishnu H. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: June 2021

Acidic clay catalyzed reaction of malononitrile derivatives with an excess of 1,2-aminoalcohol furnishes mono-oxazolines selectively; a simple strategy to prepare 2,2-dialkyl-3-aminopropionic acid derivatives is presented.
Ordered Molecular Films of Bilirubin and Its Amphiphilic Derivatives
Authors: Ouyang Jian-Ming , Li Chuan , Ling Wei-Han , Li Yi-Qun
Published: June 2021

The packing density, molecular orientation and calcium ion complexation of bilirubin and its two amphiphilic derivatives in ordered molecular films were investigated; the coordination in ordered molecular films is very different from that in bulk solution.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of N-Protected β-Amino-α-hydroxyacids (Norstatines) from Urethane N-Carboxyanhydrides (UNCAs)
Authors: Audin Patrick , Pothion Catherine , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Loffet Andre , Martinez Jean , Paris Joëlle
Published: June 2021

β-Amino-α-hydroxyacids (norstatines) are prepared from urethane N-protected carboxyanhydrides (UNCAs); the key step is the diastereoselective reduction of a keto-acetylenic compound, which lead is, with syn diastereoselectivity, to the corresponding propargylic alcohol.
Studies on Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid and Dehydro-D-isoascorbic Acid Hydrazones
Authors: El-Sekily Mohamed A. , Elba Mohamed E. , Fouad Farid S.
Published: June 2021

2-Arylhydrazones of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and its analogues are established as precursors for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds including triazoles, pyrazoles, imidazoles and isoxazoles;1–6 many of these compounds show great chemotherapeutic effects.
Elaboration of High-grade Chloramine from Ternary and Quaternary Ammoniacal Combinations and Hypochlorite at 100 Chlorometric Degrees
Authors: Peyrot Laurent , Duriche Cécile , Elkhatib Mazen , Delalu Henri
Published: June 2021

High-grade chloramine is prepared in batch and in continuous mode starting from mixed ammoniacal solutions and hypochlorite at hundred chlorometric degrees.
Reactions between 1-Methyl-2-Phenyl-3-Nitrosoindole, Activated with Benzoyl Chloride, with Indole and Indolizine Derivatives as Nucleophiles: A Case of 1,3-Migration
Authors: Rossetti Monica , Stipa Pierluigi , Petrucci Rita , Greci Lucedio
Published: June 2021

2-Phenyl-3-nitrosoindole activated with PhCOCI reacts with indoles and indolizines (NuH) affording products of 1,2-addiction which undergo 1,3-nucleophilic migration in acid media.
Iron(III) 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin as an Efficient Catalyst for Conversion of Epoxides to Thiiranes
Authors: Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah
Published: June 2021

Iron(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin, Fe(TF5PP)CI, is a new catalyst for the conversion of epoxides to the corresponding thiiranes in the presence of ammonium thiocyanate in excellent yields.
Studies on Pyrimidine-annulated Heterocycles: A New Short Synthesis of 7,9-Dialkylcyclohepta [b] pyrimido-[5,4-d]pyrrole-8(7H),10(9H)-dione Derivatives
Authors: Nitta Makoto , Tajima Yohei
Published: June 2021

A new short synthesis of 7,9-dialkylcyclohepta[ b]pyrimido[5,4- d]pyrrole-8(7 H),10(9 H)-dione derivatives consists of the reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dialkyluracils with tropone, 2-halotropones and 2,6-dibromotropone in an enamine-alkylation process, subsequent condensation of the amino group with carbonyl function, and aromatization under the reaction conditions.
Vinylphosphonium Salt Mediated Efficient Synthesis of Dialkyl 1H-Pyrrolizine-2,3-dicarboxylates
Authors: Yavari Issa , Djahaniani Hoorih , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Norollah
Published: June 2021

Protonation of the 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates by pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde leads to a vinylphosphonium salt, which undergoes intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce the title compounds in good yields.
Microbial Transformation of (+)-10β,14-Dihydroxy-allo-aromadendrane and (-) -allo- Aromadendrone
Authors: de Lima Dênis P. , Carnell Andrew J. , Roberts Stanley M.
Published: June 2021

The biotransformation of (+)-10β,14-dihydroxy- allo-aromadendrane 1 and (-)- allo-aromadendrone 2 by Beauvaria densa CMC 3240, Beauvaria bassiana ATCC 7159, Curvularia lunata 2380 and Rhizopus sp. (from grapes) is investigated.
Phosphorylation of Phenols with Diethyl Chlorophosphonate on the Surface of Magnesia
Authors: Kaboudin B.
Published: June 2021

Phosphorylation of phenols with diethyl chlorophosphonate on the surface of magnesia is an easy, rapid, safe and high-yielding reaction.
Synthesis of Highly Hindered 1,2-Diaryl Diketones and of cis- and trans-1,2-Diacetoxy-1,2-bis(aryl)ethenes
Authors: Nudelman Norma , Schulz Hernan
Published: June 2021

Highly hindered 1,2-diaryl diketones can be synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 1-aryllithium with CO in THF solution at atmospheric pressure; preparation of cis- and trans-1,2-diacetoxy-1,2-bis(Mes)ethene can be also afforded by a similar procedure and further quenching with Ac2O.
An Efficient Method for the Reduction of N-Protected Amino Acids and Peptides to the Corresponding Alcohols
Authors: Naqvi T. , Bhattacharya M. , Haq W.
Published: June 2021

Reduction of pentachlorophenyl esters of Boc protected amino acids and peptides to the corresponding alcohols is described.
Formation of Cyclohexylidene and Quinoline Products from 2-Methylpyran Derivatives
Authors: O'Callaghan Conor N. , McMurry T. Brian H.
Published: June 2021

6-Amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-2-methylpyran-3-carboxylates undergo cleavage and recombination when reacted with malononitrile, the products being 1-amino-3-aryl-2,6,6-tricyanocyclohexylidene-5-methylidenecarboxylates and related compounds.
One-dimensional Coordination Polymer {[Tm2(ttha)(H2O)6Tm2(ttha)(H2O)4] · 21 H2O}n: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior and Magnetism (H6ttha = Triethylenetetraminehexaacetic Acid)
Authors: Ma Baoqing , Gao Song , Jin Tianzhu , Wang Zheming , Yi Tao , Liao Chunsheng , Yan Chunhua , Xu Guangxian
Published: June 2021

The reaction of H6ttha and Tm2O3 gives a chain compound determined by X-ray diffraction; its thermal behavior and magnetic properties are also studied.
Oxidation Reactions of Marchantin A Trimethyl Ether and Some Aromatic Compounds using m-Chloroperbenzoic Acid. Formation of Muconic Acid Ester and m-Chlorobenzoate
Authors: Tori Motoo , Sono Masakazu , Takikawa Keiko , Matsuda Reiko , Toyota Masao , Cheminat Annie , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: June 2021

On treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, dihydroeugenol methyl ether and marchantin A trimethyl ether afford muconic acid ester derivatives by oxidation of the aromatic ring as well as hydroxylated derivatives; the m-chlorobenzoate of the dihydroeugenol derivative is also observed for the former.
Boat Forms of Ring A in B-Norsteroids
Authors: Hanson James R. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Kiran Ismail , Uyanik Cavit
Published: June 2021

The X-ray crystal structures of 6β-toluene- p-sulfonyloxymethyl-5β-hydroxy-B-norandrostane-3,17-dione (7) and 6β-methoxycarbonyl-3β,5β-dihydroxy-B-norandrostan-17-one (8) reveal that ring A exists in a twisted boat form in these 5β-B-norandrostanes.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Substituted Benzaldehydes by Oxo(salen)manganese(v) Complexes
Authors: Bansal Varsha , Sharma Pradeep K. , Banerji Kalyan K.
Published: June 2021

The oxidation of benzaldehyde by oxo(salen)manganese(v) complexes proceeds via either a hydride-ion transfer or a hydrogen-atom transfer from the aldehyde to the manganese(v) complex.
Zeolite-induced Heterocyclization: A Superior Method of Synthesis of Imidazolidinones
Authors: Nooshabadi Massoud A. , Aghapoor Kioumars , Bolourtchian Mohammad , Heravi Majid M.
Published: June 2021

A superior method for synthesis of imidazolidinones by catalytic action of H-Y zeolite from the reaction of α-aminocarboxamides with carbonyl compounds is described.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel–Poly(St-co-AA)Composite Nanospheres by Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Cheng B. , Zhu Y. R. , Jiang W. Q. , Wang C. Y. , Chen Z. Y.
Published: June 2021

Nickel nanoparticles on poly(St-co-AA) spheres have been synthesised by seeded emulsion polymerization followed by ultraviolet reduction.
Solid State Photolysis of Triazene 1 -Oxides with Naphthols. Synthesis of Azo Dyes
Authors: Mohamed Shaaban K. , El-Din A. M. Nour
Published: June 2021

Sunlight irradiation of solid mixed crystals of the photolabile triazene 1-oxides and α- or β-naphthol afford azo dyes.
The Transannular Effect of One Androstane Epoxide on the Stereochemistry of a Second Epoxidation
Authors: Hanson James R. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Kiran Ismail
Published: June 2021

The transannular directing effect of a 2α,3α-, 2β,3β- and 5α,6α-epoxide on the epoxidation of a 5-ene and a 2-ene, respectively, is shown to increase the proportion of epoxidation of the anti face of the alkene when compared to the unsubstituted 2- and 5-androstenes.
HMPA Promoted Sequential Transformations of Phosphonates. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-4-Ethoxycarbonyl-γ,δ-unsaturated Nitriles
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Zhang Zhenghong
Published: June 2021

The HMPA promoted sequential transformations of diethyl ethoxycarbonyl phosphonate with potassium tert-butoxide, acrylonitrile and aldehydes affords 4-ethoxycarbonyl-( E)-γ,δ-unsaturated nitriles in 71–86% yields.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Unsaturated Methylsulfones and Substituted Crotonic Esters
Authors: Charmier Marie-Odile Januário , Moussalli Najat , Chanet-Ray Josette , Chou Sithan
Published: June 2021

The cycloaddition reaction of nitrones to unsaturated methylsulfones and substituted crotonic esters gives a sole product or a mixture of tri- or tetra-substituted isoxazolidines, such that with disubstituted dipolarophiles the regiochemistry is dependent upon the nitrone and the vicinal electron-withdrawing group (CN or CO2Me) but with trisubstituted olefins, regiospecific cycloadditions are observed.
Friedel–Crafts Acylation Reaction using Polymer Supported Aluminium Chloride
Authors: Deshmukh Anjali P. , Padiya Kamlesh J. , Salunkhe Manikrao M.
Published: June 2021

Friedel–Crafts reactions using polymer supported AICI3 are reported and the effect of crosslinking level on ortho:para ratio is studied.
Tandem Fries Reaction–Conjugate Addition under Microwave Irradiation in Dry Media; One-pot Synthesis of Flavanones
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Ghaffarzadeh Mohammad , Abdi-Oskoui Seyed Hossein
Published: June 2021

An AICl3–ZnCl2 mixture supported on silica gel is found to be an efficient medium for the Fries rearrangement of acyloxybenzene or naphthalene derivatives in solvent-free conditions under microwave irradiation.
Hexakis(terthiophenylthio)benzene as a Mew Class Liquid Crystalline Molecule
Authors: Inoue Shinobu , Nishiguchi Shoji , Murakami Satoshi , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Vill Volkmar , Mori Akira , Ujiie Seiji
Published: June 2021

A disk-like molecule, in which six α-linked terthiophenes are connected to a central benzene core via a thioether linkage, shows a sequence of calamitic liquid crystalline mesomorphism involving smectic C, smectic A and nematic phases.
Difunctional Heterocycles: A Convenient Synthesis of Bis(4,5-dihydropyrazolyl) Ethers from their Precursor Bis(chalcones)
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M.
Published: June 2021

Bis(4,5-dihydropyrazolyl) ethers 18–22, 26, 27 and 40–44 are obtained in 35–80% yield by heating the corresponding bis(chalcones) 13–17 and 34–37 with each of hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine in refluxing acetic acid.
Preparation of [2.2]meta- and ortho-Paracyclophanes Containing the Cyclohexano Group
Authors: Lin Shaw-Tao , Yang Fu-May , Tien Wen-Fen
Published: June 2021

[2.2]Metaparacyclophane (20, cis-tricyclo[9.2.2.14,8]octadeca-4,6,8(16)-triene) and [2.2]orthoparacyclophane (22, cis-tricyclo[10.2.2.04,9]octadeca-4,6,8-triene) containing a 1,4-cyclohexano group bridged with two carbons are prepared through a coupling reaction to form the dithiacyclophanes, oxidation yields the sulfones followed by pyrolysis.
Selective and Simple Phase Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of Disulfides from Thiols
Authors: Abele Edgars , Abele Ramona , Lukevics Edmunds
Published: June 2021

Two novel methods of synthesis of disulfides from thiols or their Na salts in the phase transfer catalytic system CBr4/18-crown-6/benzene or toluene are developed and the products isolated in 67–88% yields.
A Novel 4α-Methyl Sterol from the Soft Coral Nephthea chabroli
Authors: Mehta G. , Venkateswarlu Y. , Rao M. Rama , Uma R.
Published: June 2021

A new sterol, 4α-methyl-24-methylene-5α-cholestan-3β,8β-diol (1) and three known sterols 4α-methyl-24-methyl-enecholestan-3β-ol, 4α-methylcholestan-3β-ol and 24-methylenecholest-4-en-3-one are isolated from the soft coral Nephthea chabroli and characterized through spectral data and in the case of 1 by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Fluorescent Symmetric Phenazines from the Reactions of β-Lapachone and Nor-β-lapachone with Ammoniating Agents
Authors: Pinto Antonio V. , Pinto Cleverson N. , Pinto Maria do Carmo F. R. , Emery Flavio S. , de Moura Kelly C. G. , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo M. , Brinn Ira M.
Published: June 2021

The reactions of β-lapachone 1 and nor-β-lapachone 4 with several ammoniating agents give rise to symmetric phenazines which exhibit high, solvent dependent, fluorescence quantum yields.
Lithium Hydride Mediated Nickel(0) Catalysed Biaryl Synthesis from Aryl Chlorides and Bromides
Authors: Massicot Fabien , Schneider Raphael , Fort Yves
Published: June 2021

Lithium hydride is efficiently used as a reducing agent in the ligated Ni0 catalysed homocoupling of aryl bromides and chlorides.
A Novel Synthesis of 1,3-Diketones by Reaction of an α-Bromoketone with Acyl Chlorides Promoted by Gallium Triiodide
Authors: Chen Rener , Wu Huayue , Zhang Yongmin
Published: June 2021

Promoted by gallium triiodide, an α-bromoketone, bromomethyl phenyl ketone, is treated with acyl chlorides to synthesize 1,3-diketones in good yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Efficient Conversion of Thiols to S-Nitrosothiols with the 18-Crown-6 Complex of N2O4 as a New Nitrosating Agent
Authors: Iranpoor N. , Firouzabadi H. , Heydari R.
Published: June 2021

Gaseous N2O4 reacts with 18-crown-6 to afford a stable ionic complex of NO+·18-crown-6·H(NO3)2-; this complex is an efficient nitrosating agent for the conversion of thiols to their corresponding S-nitrosothiols in different organic solvents.
Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Hydrazine Hydrate over a CeO2–SnO2 Catalyst
Authors: Jyothi T. M. , Rajagopal R. , Sreekumar K. , Talawar M. B. , Sugunan S. , Rao B. S.
Published: June 2021

A CeO2 (10%)-SnO2 catalyst prepared by a co-precipitation method efficiently catalyses the transfer hydrogen reduction of a number of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrazine hydrate under mild conditions.
Thermal Rearrangement of 3-Allyloxy-1,2-Benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxides: An Unusual Inversion of Products of Sigmatropic [3,3]-Shift to Give the [1,3]-Isomers
Authors: Cristiano M. Lurdes S. , Brigas Amadeu F. , Johnstone Robert A. W. , Loureiro Rui M. S. , Pena Paula C. A.
Published: June 2021

3-Allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxides 4 isomerize thermally to give [3,3]- and [1,3]-products 5, 6 of sigmatropic shift, of which the former reacts further to give solely the [1,3]-isomer.
Remote Functionalization of the Cholestane Side-chain by Chromyl Acetates
Authors: Parish Edward J. , Aksara Nida , Boos Terrence L. , Kaneshiro Edna S.
Published: June 2021

Chromyl acetate and chromyl trifluoroacetate are effective reagents for the oxidation of C-25 on cholestane side-chains to the corresponding C-25 hydroxy derivative.
Clarifying megaproject complexity in developing countries: A literature review and conceptual study
Authors: Damayanti Retno Wulan , Hartono Budi , Wijaya Andi Rahadiyan
Published: June 2021

Complexity is considered one of the hallmarks of megaproject failure; however, no common definition of complexity in the megaproject context exists in contemporary literature; particularly in developing countries. The present study explores the definitions, characteristics, and strategy to respond to the complexity of megaprojects in developing countries. An exploration of normative theories and a systematic literature review were performed to investigate the concept of complexity. This study proposes the definition of complexity as a “challenge” for entities—including project managers—in megaproject management. This definition extends to encompass both positive and negative challenges, offering a more balanced perspective on the causes of failure in addition to the sources of opportunities for innovation. We determine the aspects of megaproject complexity associated with structural and social factors of interrelatedness, nonlinearities, and emergence. This study proposes a formal definition, clarifying the characteristics of complexity and synthesizing strategy themes that respond to megaproject complexity. This resulting study provides insights for both megaproject researchers and professionals.
Current Practice for Transverse Mandibular and Maxillary Discrepancies in the Netherlands: A Web-Based Survey Among Orthodontists and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Authors: Gül Atilla , Tjoa Stephen T. H. , de Gijt Jan P. , van der Tas Justin T. , Sutedja Hadi , Wolvius Eppo B. , van der Wal Karel G. H. , Koudstaal Maarten J.
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this study was to provide an overview of the current practice for transverse mandibular and maxillary discrepancies in the Netherlands using a web-based survey. Orthodontists (ORTHO) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (OMFS) in the Netherlands were invited to the web-based survey via their professional association. Three cases were presented which could be treated non-surgically and surgically. Participants were asked what treatment they preferred: no treatment, orthodontic treatment with optional extractions or surgically assisted orthodontic treatment. The web-based survey ended with questions on various technical aspects and any experienced complication. Invitation was sent to all 303 members of professional association for ORTHO and to all 379 members of professional association for OMFS. Overall response number was 276 (response rate of 40.5%), including 127 incomplete responses. Generally, ORTHO prefer orthodontic treatment with optional extractions and OMFS lean towards surgically assisted orthodontic treatment. Mandibular Midline Distraction appears to be less preferred, possibly due to lack of clinical experience or knowledge by both professions despite being proven clinical stable surgical technique with stable long-term outcomes. There seems to be consensus on technical aspects by both professions, however, there are various thoughts on duration of consolidation period. Complications are mostly minor and manageable.
Shouting Into the Wind: Medical Science versus “B.S.” in the Twitter Maelstrom of Politics and Misinformation About Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Blevins Jeffrey Layne , Edgerton Ezra , Jason Don P. , Lee James Jaehoon
Published: June 2021

In the social media marketplace of ideas during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, epidemiologists and other scientific and medical experts competed for attention with news media, government agencies, politicians, celebrities, and rank conspiracy theorists. However, everyone with a Twitter account was not equally qualified to speak knowledgeably about critical issues related to the outbreak, such as prevention and treatment. And, accurate information from informed sources can mean the difference between life and death. Our exploratory study addresses a simple, but important question: whose messages about the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for coronavirus were getting the most attention on Twitter? We provide a data visualization of Twitter activity for the period of 21 January through 21 May 2020 that shows users who tweeted about hydroxychloroquine, as well as who interacted with each of them (through likes, comments, retweets, etc.) to determine who were the most prominent voices on the network during a critical juncture of the outbreak. From our analysis, it appears that President Donald Trump’s handle ( @realDonaldTrump ) and other pro-Trump related accounts were the most influential voices on Twitter during this time of the crisis, rather than those from relevant experts, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( @CDCgov ) or the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( @NIAIDnews ).
Mothers’ and Midwives’ and Nurses’ Perception of Caring Behaviors During Childbirth: A Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Maharma Dua’ Yousef , Safadi Reema Rafik , Durham Roberta , Halasa Suhaila Naim , Nassar Omayyah Saeed
Published: June 2021

Understanding mothers’ caring preferences during childbirth and midwives’ and nurses’ perception of mothers’ caring needs may enhance more satisfying birth experiences and positive health outcomes. The purpose of this descriptive comparative study was to identify the important caring behaviors provided during childbirth as perceived by mothers and midwives and nurses and the congruence of these perceptions between the two groups. A convenient sample of 100 postpartum mothers and 109 midwives and nurses was recruited from maternity settings in public hospitals in Jordan. This study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the perceptions of caring behaviors between mothers and midwives and nurses. Mothers rated the need for spiritual caring behaviors as essential, while midwives and nurses did not perceive spiritual caring as a necessary part of their caregiving role. To design effective interventions that support a woman’s experience, midwives and nurses must identify and prioritize behaviors that convey caring to women during the intrapartum period.
MicroTape-A 384-Well Ultra High Throughput Screening System
Authors: Astle Thomas W.
Published: June 2021

The use of a sprocket driven carrier tape provides a unique solution for Ultra High Throughput Screening. 10-microliter wells in the 384 well pattern are embossed in a polypropylene or polycarbonate carrier tape. For compound handling, 100,000 compounds in 5 microliter aliquots may be stored, sealed and frozen in a roll 16 inches in diameter and 4 inches wide. The sprocket drive provides recall to any given compound. At time of use, the peelable seal is removed for access to the compound aliquots. Two levels of assay automation are provided. In Phase I the compound MicroTape is used to support assays in the standard 384 well plate format. In Phase II the compounds are transferred directly to the assay MicroTape for Ultra High Throughput Screening at the rate of 100,000 per day.
Substrate Materials Micromachining and Surface Considerations
Authors: Stockdale Bill
Published: June 2021

Subject material presented describes substrate materials and their processing as key elements in microsystems technology manufacturing (MST) for Biochips (DNA arrays), Electronic MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical) Devices and electro-optics. Material choices are primarily glass, quartz and silicon, each of which may require mechanical features and exact surface finishes to enable design function and manufacturing. This paper will address some basic approaches to determining what substrates require for specific designs and manufacturing processes.
Was ist gute Führung?
Authors: Biedermann Christof
Published: June 2021

Zahlreiche Praktiker und immer mehr Wissenschaftler zweifeln an der Allgemeingültigkeit der bisher entwickelten Führungstheorien, denn der erlebte Führungsalltag ist immer komplexer, emotionsgeladener und facettenreicher, als daß er sich durch eine noch so etablierte Theorie erklären ließe. Führung folgt keinen Gesetzmäßigkeiten. Es sind die spezifischen, individuell verschiedenen Vorstellungen von Führung, welche sich in der alltäglichen Gestaltung von Führungsbeziehungen niederschlagen. Dieser Zusammenhang zwischen den subjektiven Führungstheorien von Praktikern und der Vorstellung von qualifizierter Führung wird im folgenden dargestellt und anhand von Beispielen illustriert. Hinweise für die Stoßrichtung in der Führungsausbildung werden gegeben.
Der Human-Resource-Accounting-Ansatz innerhalb der Personal-Controlling-Diskussion
Authors: Bartscher Thomas R. , Steinmann Olaf
Published: June 2021

Ein aussagekräftiges Personal-Controlling-Konzept erfordert, neben einer quantitativen, eine verstärkt qualitative Orientierung. Es darf sich dabei nicht in der isolierten Betrachtung einzelner Aspekte erschöpfen, sondern muß, zur Verdeutlichung der Vielschichtigkeit des Faktors Personal, eine ganzheitliche Systemsicht zugrunde legen (1. Teil). Der Personalbereich ist in immer stärkerem Maße als Investitionsbereich aufzufassen. Aus den Ansätzen des Human-Resource-Accounting die den Charakter des Personals ab langfristiges Investitionsgut kennzeichnen und ihn somit gegenüber anderen Produktionsfaktoren aufwerten, können dazu hilfreiche Gedanken übernommen werden (2. Teil). Die im Prozeß der Wertermittlung gewonnenen Informationen können im Personal-Controlling als Daten zur Entscheidungsverbesserung dienen (3. Teil). Trotz methodischer Probleme kann das Human-Resource-Accounting dazu beitragen, den Potentialcharakter der Mitarbeiter zu verdeutlichen und eine veränderte Denkhaltung über das Personalmanagement herbeizuführen.
Potentialbeurteilung - eine kafkaeske Komödie!?
Authors: Becker Fred
Published: June 2021

Für die betriebliche Praxis sind Potentialbeurteilungen von großer Bedeutung, sofern sie versucht, systematisch Karriereplanungen durchzuführen. Von informalen und unstrukturierten Vorgehensweisen bis hin zu systematisch angewendeten und aufwendigen Verfahren wird daher vielfach versucht, dem Problem der Auswahlentscheidung Herr zu werden. Der nachfolgende Beitrag setzt sich nun kritisch mit den grundsätzlichen Problemen solcher Versuche auseinander. Sein Ergebnis ist, was die Aussagefähigkeit verschiedener Verfahren betrifft, wenig positiv: Die jeweils eruierten Beurteilungsinformationen sind aus verschiedenen, hier näher thematisierten Gründen von zweifelhaftem Wert. Sie bedürfen der vorsichtigen Interpretation durch die betrieblichen Entscheidungsträger.
Der Einsatz von Expertensystemen im betrieblichen Personalwesen
Authors: Finzer Peter
Published: June 2021

Die betrieblichen Personalabteilungen sehen sich im Zeichen einer wachsenden Informationsflut und einer Reihe aktueller personalwirtschaftlicher Problemfelder einem zunehmenden Problemdruck ausgeliefert, der neben Intuition und Fingerspitzengefühl eines systematischen Informationsmanagements bedarf. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Anforderungen werden neben den bereits implementierten Personalinformationssystemen für Zwecke der Personalverwaltung mittlerweile auch Bereiche der betrieblichen Personalarbeit von EDV-Konzeptionen unterstützt, die außerhalb der Personaladministration liegen. Ein wesentliches Problemfeld blieb allerdings bislang davon ausgeklammert: Elektronische Informationssysteme zur Unterstützung dispositiver Aufgabenbereiche waren bislang so gut wie nicht vorhanden.

Neue Impulse könnten hierfür von Expertensystemen ausgehen, deren Einsatz für betriebswirtschaftliche Anwendungen im allgemeinen zunehmend positiv eingeschätzt wird Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen gehen daher der Frage nach, ob sich Expertensysteme auch innerhalb des betrieblichen Personalwesens insbesondere für dispositive Aufgabenstellungen sinnvoll einsetzen lassen.
Personalinformationssysteme und Mitbestimmung
Authors: Herberger Maximilian
Published: June 2021

Die folgenden Darlegungen stützen sich aus Gründen der Praxisorientierung auf die Ergebnisse, zu denen die Rechtsprechung gelangt ist. Eine wissenschaftliche Kritik der Rechtsprechung ist nicht beabsichtigt. Bei allem Interesse für derartige Untersuchungen ist, will man praktische Entscheidungshilfen geben, darauf zu achten, daß der entscheidende Planungsparameter für das Führungspersonal der Unternehmungen die Prognose über den Spruch ist, den letzten Endes ein Gericht fällen würde.

Berücksichtigt wird die Rechtsprechung des Bundesarbeitsgerichts und des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts. Das hat seinen Grund darin, daß beide Gerichte im vorliegenden Themenzusammenhang mit Regelungen befaßt sind, die auf die gleichen Merkmale abstellen. Hinzu kommt, daß sich das Bundesverwaltungsgericht der Rechtsprechung des Bundesarbeitsgerichts ohne entscheidende Modifikation angeschlossen hat. Deshalb bildet die Argumentation beider Gerichte eine systematische Einheit.
Die Mühsal der offenen und die Attraktivität der geschlossenen Gesellschaft
Authors: Gebert Diether
Published: June 2021

In Anlehnung an Popper (1980) werden vier Bewußtseinsdimensionen als (Teil-) Bedingung für die Etablierung einer offenen oder geschlossenen Gesellschaft herausgearbeitet. Nach einer Analyse der Attraktivität der geschlossenen Geselbchaft wird die Beziehung zwischen der offenen und der geschlossenen Gesellschaft unter der Fragestellung erörtert, inwieweit es sich hierbei um eine Entweder-Oder-Beziehung handelt bzw. in welchem Sinne eine Flexibilisierung der Entweder-Oder-Beziehung denkbar ist. Unter Bezugnahme auf die vier unterschiedenen Bewußtseinsdimensionen wird anschließend untersucht, welche innerbetrieblichen Strategien und Regelungen eher der offenen bzw. der geschlossenen Gesellschaft nahe stehen, um so eine Bewertung bekannter Strategien in einem neuen Bezugsrahmen zu ermöglichen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Herausarbeitung einiger Konsequenzen für die Handhabung des Dilemmas “offene versus geschlossene” Geselbchaft.
Zukünftige Engeltrahmentarifverträge - Probleme und Perspektiven in der Metallindustrie
Authors: Meine Hartmut
Published: June 2021

Die Tarifvertragsparteien der Metallindustrie werden sich in den nächsten Jahren intensiv um die klassischen tarifpolitischen Regelungsbereiche der Eingruppierungssysteme und der Entlohnungsgrundsätze kümmern. Daneben treten aber auch Fragen der Qualifizierung, der menschengerechten Arbeitsgestaltung und der Partizipation der Beschäftigten in den Vordergrund.

In den Gremien der IG Metall beginnt zur Zeit ein sorgfältiger und intensiver Diskussionsprozeß über Entgelt- und Gestaltungstarifverträge der Zukunft. 5 tarifpolitische Regelungsbereiche werden aus gewerkschaftlicher Sicht Gegenstand von Tarifverhandlungen: Eingruppierungssysteme, Qualifikation, Entgeltgrundsätze und Leistungsbedingungen, Gestaltung von Arbeit und Technik, Partizipation der Beschäftigten.

Im folgenden wird auf die drei erstgenanntenen Bereiche eingegangen und jeweils der tarifliche Ist-Zustand und die heutigen Probleme in der betrieblich Praxis aufgezeigt. Hieraus werden Reformvorschläge für zukünftige Tarifverträge abgeleitet.
Deferred Compensation – Ein Ansatz zur Steigerung der Nettovergütung durch aufgeschobene Zahlungen
Authors: Mölders Heinz-Willi
Published: June 2021

Unter anderem im Zusammenhang mit Cafeteria-Systemen werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, bei konstanter Bruttovergütung mit Hilfe aufgeschobener Zahlungen die Nettovergütung zu steigern, indem Steuern gespart werden. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um Zahlungen, die aufgrund fehlender gesetzlicher Voraussetzungen nicht als betriebliche Altersversorgung einzuordnen sind. Ausgehend von einem mathematischen Modell werden im folgenden Beitrag Faustregeln für die praktische Anwendung einer Optimierungsstrategie entwickelt.
The politics of genetic technoscience for conservation: The case of blight-resistant American chestnut
Authors: Barnes Jessica C , Delborne Jason A
Published: June 2021

Innovations in genetics and genomics have been heavily critiqued as technologies that have widely supported the privatization and commodification of natural resources. However, emerging applications of these tools to ecological restoration challenge narratives that cast genetic technoscience as inevitably enrolled in the enactment and extension of neoliberal capitalism. In this paper, we draw on Langdon Winner’s theory of technological politics to suggest that the context in which genetic technologies are developed and deployed matters for their political outcomes. We describe how genetic approaches to the restoration of functionally extinct American chestnut trees—by non-profit organizations, for the restoration of a wild, heritage forest species, and with unconventional intellectual property protections—are challenging precedents in the political economy of plant biotechnology. Through participant observation, interviews with scientists, and historical analysis, we employ the theoretical lens provided by Karl Polanyi’s double movement to describe how the anticipations and agency of the developers of blight-resistant American chestnut trees, combined with chestnut biology and the context of restoration, have thus far resisted key forms of the genetic privatization and commodification of chestnut germplasm. Still, the politics of blight-resistant American chestnut remain incomplete and undetermined; we thus call upon scholars to use the uneven and socially constructed character of both technologies and neoliberalism to help shape this and other applications of genetic technoscience for conservation.
Does Size Matter? Perceptions of Indian Women About the Size of the Penis
Authors: Bhat Gajanan Shripad , Shastry Anuradha
Published: June 2021

Background:

Many men express concerns about their penile size, with respect to its role in sexual satisfaction of their female partners. The evidence to the contrary exists in the Western literature. However, similar evidence is lacking in a conservative society like India.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of Indian women about the size of the penis of their male partners with respect to sexual satisfaction.

Methodology:

A questionnaire-based study was carried out using a 20-item questionnaire in a sample of 230 sexually active Indian women, who answered the questionnaire either using pen and paper or using social media platform such as WhatsApp. Both the univariate and multivariate regression analysis was done using GraphPad software (©2020 GraphPad Software, Inc, California, USA). A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2020. As per the accrued opinion of the women who participated in the study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the size of the penis and the sexual satisfaction.

Conclusion:

There is hardly any literature on the perception of women from a conservative society like India about the size of the penis of their partners in relation to the sexual satisfaction. Hence, the data from this study, which is the first of its kind form the Indian subcontinent, can be the basis to allay fears of men expressing their concerns about the size of their penis in this part of the world.
Morphological changes and functional circRNAs screening of rabbit skeletal muscle development
Authors: Zheng Qi , Zhu Cuiyun , Jing Jing , Ling Yinghui , Qin Shuaiqi , Wang Jiao , Zha Lisha , Liu Ya , Fang Fugui
Published: June 2021

Background

The temporal expression pattern of circular RNAs (circRNAs) across developmental stages is essential for skeletal muscle growth and functional analysis. However, there are few analyses on the potential functions of circRNAs in rabbit skeletal muscle development.

Results

Initially, the paraffin sections showed extremely significant differences in the diameter, number, area and density of skeletal muscle fibers of the fetus, child, adult rabbit hind legs (P < 0.01). Then, RNA-seq libraries of these three stages were constructed. A total of 481 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) and 5,658 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Subsequently, DE-circRNAs, whose host genes were DEGs or non-DEGs, were analyzed by GO respectively. In the fetus vs. child group, up-regulated DE-circRNAs (whose host genes were DEGs) were related to muscle fiber structure, and down-regulated ones were related to mitosis. The up-regulated DE-circRNAs (whose host genes were non-DEGs) were involved in enzyme activity, methylation and glycosylation, and the down-regulated ones were involved in mitosis and catabolism. In the fetus vs. adult group, the up-regulated DE-circRNAs (whose host genes were DEGs) were related to skeletal muscle basic structure, and the down-regulated ones were also associated with cell proliferation. But the up-regulated DE-circRNAs (whose host genes were non-DEGs) were connected with regulation of histone ubiquitination, chromatin and organelles. The down-regulated DE-circRNAs were connected with the catabolism processes. In addition, novel_circ_0022663 and novel_circ_0005489, which might have coding potential, and novel_circ_0004210 and novel_circ_0001669, which might have miRNA sponge capability, were screened out.

Conclusions

In this study, hind leg muscles of fetus, child and adult rabbits were collected for paraffin section and RNA-seq to observe the structural changes of skeletal muscle and obtain circRNA expression profiles at different stages. These data provided a catalog of circRNAs related to muscle development in New Zealand rabbits, allowing us to better understand the functional transitions in mammalian muscle development.
Fusarium head blight resistance in European winter wheat: insights from genome-wide transcriptome analysis
Authors: Buerstmayr Maria , Wagner Christian , Nosenko Tetyana , Omony Jimmy , Steiner Barbara , Nussbaumer Thomas , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Buerstmayr Hermann
Published: June 2021

Background

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance to FHB is quantitatively controlled by the combined effects of many small to medium effect QTL. Flowering traits, especially the extent of extruded anthers, are strongly associated with FHB resistance.

Results

To characterize the genetic basis of FHB resistance, we generated and analyzed phenotypic and gene expression data on the response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection in 96 European winter wheat genotypes, including several lines containing introgressions from the highly resistant Asian cultivar Sumai3. The 96 lines represented a broad range in FHB resistance and were assigned to sub-groups based on their phenotypic FHB severity score. Comparative analyses were conducted to connect sub-group-specific expression profiles in response to Fg infection with FHB resistance level. Collectively, over 12,300 wheat genes were Fusarium responsive. The core set of genes induced in response to Fg was common across different resistance groups, indicating that the activation of basal defense response mechanisms was largely independent of the resistance level of the wheat line. Fg-induced genes tended to have higher expression levels in more susceptible genotypes. Compared to the more susceptible non-Sumai3 lines, the Sumai3-derivatives demonstrated higher constitutive expression of genes associated with cell wall and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis and higher constitutive and Fg-induced expression of genes involved in terpene metabolism. Gene expression analysis of the FHB QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A identified a constitutively expressed gene encoding a stress response NST1-like protein (TraesCS5A01G211300LC) as a candidate gene for FHB resistance. NST1 genes are key regulators of secondary cell wall biosynthesis in anther endothecium cells. Whether the stress response NST1-like gene affects anther extrusion, thereby affecting FHB resistance, needs further investigation.

Conclusion

Induced and preexisting cell wall components and terpene metabolites contribute to resistance and limit fungal colonization early on. In contrast, excessive gene expression directs plant defense response towards programmed cell death which favors necrotrophic growth of the Fg pathogen and could thus lead to increased fungal colonization.
Genome-wide identification of Brassicaceae B-BOX genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed
Authors: Zheng Li-wei , Ma Sheng-jie , Zhou Ting , Yue Cai-peng , Hua Ying-peng , Huang Jin-yong
Published: June 2021

Background

B-box (BBX) genes play important roles in plant growth regulation and responses to abiotic stresses. The plant growth and yield production of allotetraploid rapeseed is usually hindered by diverse nutrient stresses. However, no systematic analysis of Brassicaceae BBXs and the roles of BBXs in the regulation of nutrient stress responses have not been identified and characterized previously.

Results

In this study, a total of 536 BBXs were identified from nine brassicaceae species, including 32 AtBBXs, 66 BnaBBXs, 41 BoBBXs, 43 BrBBXs, 26 CrBBXs, 81 CsBBXs, 52 BnBBXs, 93 BjBBXs, and 102 BcBBXs. Syntenic analysis showed that great differences in the gene number of Brassicaceae BBXs might be caused by genome duplication. The BBXs were respectively divided into five subclasses according to their phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains, indicating their diversified functions. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that BBXs probably participated in diverse stress responses. Protein-protein interactions between BnaBBXs indicated their functions in flower induction. The expression profiles of BnaBBXs were investigated in rapeseed plants under boron deficiency, boron toxicity, nitrate limitation, phosphate shortage, potassium starvation, ammonium excess, cadmium toxicity, and salt stress conditions using RNA-seq data. The results showed that different BnaBBXs showed differential transcriptional responses to nutrient stresses, and some of them were simultaneously responsive to diverse nutrient stresses.

Conclusions

Taken together, the findings investigated in this study provided rich resources for studying Brassicaceae BBX gene family and enriched potential clues in the genetic improvement of crop stress resistance.