bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of Making Meaning, the Semiotic Way: Emotional Journey of a Novice Learner
Authors: Bawa Papia
Published: March 2021

I write this auto-ethnography as homage to my teachers and peers, both in the classroom and in scholarly realms, who inspired me to soar beyond the horizons of self and find meaning within the cosmic consciousness that surrounds us. As a novice learner in an introductory semiotics course, I learned about the process of meaning making. This paper is a product of my learning and understanding of a semiotic worldview. Encouraged by my professor, I delved deeply into the “thinkings” of two semiotic masterminds: Charles Sanders Peirce and Jakob von Uexküll, whose philosophies, ideologies and beliefs helped make sense of events in my own life as I saw it unfolding in new ways within my stream of consciousness. While indulging in the flavors of my auto-ethnographic inquiry, I was also privileged to have my fellow classmates share their experiences with me, through one on one-thought exchanges, captured via participation in class discussions and observations, as well as interviews and a survey, bringing my investigation into the realm of ethnography. The findings indicate that curiosity, fulfillment and hope are the critical bookends of the novice learners’ learning process. Based on the findings, I developed a new Curiosity Fulfillment Loop Model that may help explain how novice learners continue on their learning path to becoming seasoned learners, and yet always staying novice for some knowledge.
HSCT FOR INHERITED BONE MARROW FAILURE SYNDROMES
Authors: Darrigo Junior Luiz Guilherme , Scheinberg Phillip , Atta Elias Hallack , Bonfim Carmem
Published: March 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
HSCT FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Salvino Marco Aurelio , Ikoma Maura Valerio , Soares Rodolfo , Ribeiro Andreza , Daudt Liane , Galvao Claudio , Simões Belinda Pinto , Zanichelli Maria Aparecida
Published: March 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Examining the Impact of Summer Vacations on ESL Learners’ Retention in Reading Comprehension
Authors: Abbasi Nusrat Nawaz , Rehman Muhammad Sami ur , Ahmad Masood
Published: March 2021

Vacations affect students’ level of retention and their academic performance since students unwillingly bother to actively remain in touch with academic activities during vacations. This study aims to examine the impact of summer vacations on ESL learners’ retention in reading comprehension. Specifically, it investigated whether summer vacations affect ESL learners’ retention level in reading comprehension. A sample of 240 ESL learners of secondary schools from Southern Punjab, Pakistan was selected through convenient sampling method. Both males and females were addressed in the study. A comprehension test was designed in line with the revised Barrett’s taxonomy of reading comprehension based on the contents of the English textbook taught to secondary school grade X students. SPSS version 22 was employed to analyze the quantitative data. The analysis indicates that there was an impact of summer vacations on learners’ retention in reading comprehension. It also reveals that the learners acquired better scores in pre-test that was conducted before starting summer vacations as compared to the scores of post-test, which was given after summer vacations. A two-sample t-test reveals a significance difference between the performance of urban and rural learners and the learners studying in public and private schools as well. A significant gender difference was also found between the scores of pre-test and post-test. Based on the findings of the study, some implications and recommendations were furnished for ESL learners to improve their academic performance in reading comprehension by utilizing summer vacations effectively.
The Influence of Human Resource Management Practices on the SMEs Performance: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Azeem , Hashmi Arshia , Ali Waris , Faheem Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Recently, human resource practices have been considered as the foremost solution for high organizational performance and attained the focus of recent studies and regulators. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of human resource practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, and performance management on SMEs performance in Pakistan. The present research also examines the mediating role of employee engagement among the nexus of recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, performance management, and SMEs performance in Pakistan. This research has adopted the questionnaires to collect the data and executed the smart-PLS to analyze the data. The results revealed that recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, and performance management have a positive association with SMEs’ performance. The findings also exposed that employee engagement positively mediating the links among recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, performance management, and SMEs performance in Pakistan. This study has provided the guidelines to the policymakers that they should extend their focus towards human resource practices that improve organizational performance.
Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention on Health Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy in Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Sabah R. H. , Salem Safaa G. , Saber Nahed M. , Abou Elazab Reda T. A. , Atia Merfat M.
Published: March 2021

the offspring in prenatal and postnatal periods and later life.  Lack of self-care is the most important reason for mortality in diabetic patients. Self-efficacy has a significant role in enhancing successful adherence to healthy behaviors, lifestyle modifications, and diabetes control among gestational diabetes pregnant women.

Aim:  The current study aimed to evaluate the nursing intervention (NI) effectiveness on health locus of control (HELOC) and self-efficacy in women with gestational diabetes (GD).

Methods: A quasi-experimental design (study and control group) was used. The researchers conducted this study at the Antenatal Outpatient Clinics of Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 120 women with GD was carefully chosen from the nominated setting and dispersed accidentally into two identical groups (study and control group). Three tools were used for collecting the study data: A structured self-administered questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-C Form, and the General Self-efficacy Scale.

Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in their internal health locus of control (HELOC) scores after the intervention, with a mean difference of 4.70 at CI 95% for the intervention group p<0.001. A non-statistically significant difference was found between the intervention group and the control group in the external health locus of control (HELOC) mean scores before and after the intervention, although there was a significant difference between the change in both groups p=0.032. Also, there is a highly statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the self-efficacy scores after the intervention in the intervention group, where p<0.001 compared to a non-significant difference between them before the intervention group intervention (p=0.555).

Conclusion: The study concluded that the women with GD who attended NI sessions obtained higher HELOC scores (internal and external) and higher self-efficacy scores than those who do not. Educational nursing intervention should become a fundamental part of the total management of gestational diabetes in antenatal outpatient clinics.
Analysis of packaging and Brand Design Assistance Programs by the Ministry of Industry in Improving Product Quality
Authors: Fahrunnisa Restu , Dian Marlina Verawati
Published: March 2021

Small and Medium Industries (SMIs) in the face of competition have obstacles that are the ability of designing the brand and good packaging. The Directorate General of IKMA provides support for industry players, especially SMIs, to improve the quality of their product packaging through the Brand Design and Packaging Assistance Program for small and medium industries. The purpose of this study is to describe how the program can run in Magelang City, with the limitation of the problems, that are: (1) Procedures for submitting and distributing packages and Brand Design assistance programs as a form of implementing program distribution; and (2) Sustainability after channeling the program in achieving its objectives, specifically improving product quality. The results of this study are from the 24 SMIs, 88% have used a new packaging design and 67% have experienced market expansion. On the other hand, 13% have not used a new design and 33% have not yet experienced market expansion. Through recognition from SMIs who were fortunate to get assistance in the form of physical packaging namely Cheese Stick products with the RAKEDAM Brand, the physical packaging received through the program has characteristics that are able to improve the quality of product.
Vehículos Eléctricos Versus Convencionales en Colombia: Un Análisis Financiero Comparando Los Costos Totales de Propiedad
Authors: Torres-Pamplona María , Jaramillo-Duque Alvaro , Ortiz-Castrillón José
Published: March 2021

Los vehículos eléctricos ganan cada vez más aceptación y se consideran una solución interesante de movilidad sostenible y de bajas emisiones, pero el costo de compra es la principal barrera para su adopción masiva. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de Costo Total de Propiedad (CTP) para automóviles de uso personal en Colombia. El objetivo es comparar un Vehículo Eléctrico (VE) y un Vehículo Convencional (VC) con características semejantes. Todos los costos que se dan durante la vida útil esperada del vehículo son considerados y analizados para los dos casos, entre ellos: costo de compra, impuesto, Seguro Obligatorio Contra Accidentes de Tránsito (SOAT), costos de mantenimiento y refacciones, revisiones técnicas periódicas, y costo de combustible o electricidad. El CTP de ambos vehículos se calcula para una vida útil de 10 años; se utiliza el Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) como la tasa de incremento anual en los costos a calcular; luego, se calcula el Valor Presente Neto (VPN), utilizando la tasa de Deposito a Termino Fijo (DTF), pues se considera la compra del vehículo como una inversión que el usuario va a realizar. Los resultados presentan y exponen los casos donde el VE ya es una opción financieramente más atractiva que un VC, considerando la distancia promedio recorrida al año por el usuario. Además, se estima cuál sería el costo de compra del vehículo eléctrico para que el TCP sea igual al de un vehículo convencional.
Fibromialgia y Depresión. una Revisión Documental de su Influencia en el Aumento del Dolor.
Authors: Pérez Palacio Angie Carolina , Osorno Montoya Johan Sebastián , Gallego-Tavera Sindy Yuliana
Published: March 2021

La fibromialgia es un síndrome crónico, caracterizado por el dolor agudo y difuso que causa deterioro significativo en las diferentes áreas de la vida de la persona enferma. De hecho, algunos factores físicos, biológicos y psicológicos tienen una creciente influencia en el trascurso de la enfermedad, en el aumento del dolor y gran impacto en la calidad de vida. Uno de los factores psicológicos destacados y que se aborda en la discusión es la depresión, teniendo en cuenta que puede mediar en la aparición del dolor. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión teórica, sobre la relación entre la fibromialgia y la depresión y su incidencia en el aumento del dolor.
Utilización de Arquitecturas Limpias para Trabajo con Buenas Prácticas en la Construcción de Aplicaciones Java.
Authors: Martínez Z Julio César , Henao César , Henao Federico , Zapata Esteban
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se propone la creación de aplicaciones Java a nivel empresarial aplicando buenas prácticas con el uso de arquitecturas limpias de software. Se hace una exploración de arquitecturas limpias y sus antecedentes, la forma como están conformadas, finalmente se propone en este trabajo una estructura de cómo organizar aplicaciones en módulos gradle para un desacoplamiento fuertemente entre ellos, dentro del proyecto de manera que facilita trabajo al equipo de desarrolladores que estén realizando un proyecto dentro de una organización, convirtiéndolo en un producto altamente escalable, mantenible y testeable, y garantizando demás atributos de calidad en el software. Se probará el proyecto usando tecnologías como: Spring Boot y Gradle para probar un Back-end que preste un servicio con un API REST.
ENTREVISTA COM A PROFESSORA MARIA APARECIDA VIGGIANI BICUDO
Authors: Silva Ricardo Scucuglia Rodrigues da , Gois Jackson , Perinelli Neto Humberto
Published: March 2021

Partindo da definição de campo proposta por Pierre Bourdieu, bem como de prosopografia apresentada por Carlo Ginzburg, trata-se nesta entrevista de apresentar momento da trajetória acadêmica da Profa. Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo, caraterizado por sua formação intelectual, bem como sua experiência no Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Matemática (UNESP/Rio Claro), na Sociedade de Estudos e Pesquisa Qualitativos e no SIPEQ, além da formação de professores da UNESP. A entrevista busca apresentar a participação da entrevistada na constituição do Ensino como campo de pesquisa, considerando o cenário brasileiro e a multiplicidade de vozes mobilizadas em ações e projetos.
The Transformation of the ‘Flaneur’ Figure to Bourgeois in Julian Barnes’s Metroland: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Sultana Suraiya
Published: March 2021

Charles Baudelaire employs the notion of flaneur as an idle wanderer and a passionate observer of the city life in the context of nineteenth-century Paris. Walter Benjamin in the twentieth century revisits the same notion in a slightly different manner. For Benjamin, flaneur, on the one hand, can be overwhelmed by the phantasmagoria of the city life and can develop a ‘shock experience' and on the other hand, can respond to the stimuli of the urban ambiance and can exhibit instrumental means of thinking to cope with the altered environment. In this circumstance, the latter, as Benjamin argues, is also evocative of the prospect of the flaneur’s conversion into a commodity. Following the argument of Walter Benjamin, the present paper aims to analyze the mobility and transformation of the central character, Christopher, in Julian Barnes’s novel Metroland (1980). This paper also reinforces that the character’s transformation is influenced by the societal structures as propounded by the structural Marxists like  Louis Althusser.
Treatment of Humerus Salter Harris Type II Fracture with Double Pin Combination
Authors: GÜLAYDIN Ali , AKGÜL Mustafa Barış , ŞINDAK Nihat
Published: March 2021

In this case report, the clinical and radiographic results of the treatment of Salter Harris Type II fracture in the left humerus of an 1 year old female and crossbred dog with parallel pin technique was evaluated. The dog with complaining of lameness was brought to Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Surgery Department and local fracture findings were found in the distal 1/3 of the left humerus. On radiological examination, it was found that the distal physeal line of the left humerus was detached. Also, it was seen that the integrity of the bone cortex was disrupted through in a line that included the metaphysis at the medial angle. In the operation, following the reduction of the fracture fragments, 2 krischner pins with 2 mm in diameter parallel to each other were applied from the medial cortex of the humerus to the lateral side of the distal condule and fixation was achieved. After the operation, the limb was taken to a backed bandage. In the radiological examination of the case on post-op 3rd week, it was found that the formation of the collus began. On the post-op 21st day, the bandage was removed and physical therapy applications were started to apply. On the post-op 4th week, it was seen that the dog used the extremity functionally and it was discharged. As a result, it was concluded that parallel double pin applications can be used successfully in the treatment of Salter Harris Type II fractures that are formed in the distal of dog's humerus.
Editorial
Authors: Herrera Solís Macarena
Published: March 2021

Editorial
Arquitecturas del paisaje en el desierto del pacífico sur entre el deshacer y el no hacer
Authors: Balcarce Esteban
Published: March 2021

La desconexión de la arquitectura con el suelo natural en un paisaje árido y su posibilidad de liberarlo de este en una serie de obras que fueron proyectadas para desensamblarse en algún momento futuro, esto cuando la obra cumpla su vida útil, además de la utilización de materiales biodegradables en su constitución, son parte fundacional de este paisaje.

 La puesta en valor de técnicas constructivas tradicionales permanentes en los poblados del desierto, entre otros el sistema constructivo tipo “Quincha” (cañas, madera, paja, tierra), proyectando además todos sus senderos en bischofita (sal compactada), la utilización de muros de bloques de sal blanca labrada de los salares del desierto de Atacama, todos estos materiales sin mayores procesos industriales o tecnológicos, sino como materia prima del lugar para el trabajo artesanal, acercándonos a una revalorización tectónica en la arquitectura y su reacción ante lo industrial desde una visión de artesanía y bellas artes en el oficio y quehacer técnico y tradicional.
Türkiye’deki Büyük Ölçekli Mevduat Bankalarında Faiz Dışı Gelirlerin Banka Performansına Etkisi
Authors: ÇELİK KARA Aylin , BABUŞÇU Şenol , HAZAR Adalet
Published: March 2021

Mevduat bankalarının geleneksel işlevi, fonların arz ve talebine aracılık etmektir. Bu bağlamda en önemli gelir kaynakları faiz geliridir. Ancak, 2000'li yıllardan itibaren teknolojik gelişme, artan rekabet, azalan net faiz marjları ve kar marjlarına paralel olarak bankalar mevduat ve kredi işlemleri dışında çeşitli hizmetler sunmaya başlamışlardır. Bunların sonucunda mevduat bankalarının gelir ve ürün çeşitliliği artmıştır. Ürün çeşitliliğindeki bu artış, geleneksel olmayan faaliyetlerden faiz dışı gelire yönelmelerine neden olmuştur. Bu gelişmeler dikkate alındığında çalışmanın amacı, faiz dışı gelirin mevduat bankalarının finansal performansı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmanın kapsamını Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren yedi büyük ölçekli mevduat bankası oluşturmaktadır. Panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışma sonucunda faiz dışı gelirin, aktif kârlılığı ve özkaynak kârlılığı üzerinde olumlu; net faiz marjı ile olumsuz yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Nosodes and Their Indications in Homoeopathy
Authors: Galande Dr. Tilottama B
Published: March 2021

In homoeopathy, the choice of remedy is based on a consideration of the totality of an individual's symptoms and circumstances, including personality, behaviours, fears, responses to the physical environment, food preferences and so on. Dr. Hahnemann gives a fair idea on the importance of the constitution in Aphorism 5 of Organon of Medicine, wherein he sates “Useful to the physician in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting cause of the acute disease, as also the most significant points in the whole history of the chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause, which is generally due to a chronic Miasms. In these investigations, the ascertainable physical constitution of the patient (and intellectual character, his occupation, mode of living and habits, his social and domestic relations, his age, sexual function, etc., are to be taken into consideration. He mainly refers constitution to the inherent in the natural frame, or inherent nature of the individual. Hahnemann reviewed the use of miasms as homoeopathic remedies and pointed out that what Hering was suggesting was not the same old isopathic methods because the material used was potentised by the homoeopathic technique and given in minimal dose. This changes an ordinary isopathic substance into a homoeopathic remedy if used properly.
Persistent Oral Infection Caused by an Iatrogenic Displacement of a Lower Third Molar Root to the Sublingual Space
Authors: Sousa Naama WA , de Moraes Antonia TL , Guimarães Douglas M , Couto Ana PG Rodrigues , Pinheiro Lucas R , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana , Ribeiro André LR
Published: March 2021

Aim and objective

Describe a case of sublingual displacement of a root of the lower third molar, as well as highlight the importance of using appropriate complementary imaging tests and provide the clinician with information on how to prevent and treat this complication.

Background

The displacement of the lower third molar is an accidental event that can lead to serious complications, which is usually the cause of inadequate surgical technique.

Case description

A 69-year-old man presented pain and trismus due to local infection 1 month after a tooth extraction. After a misdiagnosis of retained root and surgical exploration, a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed a displaced root into the sublingual tissues. A surgical procedure under local anesthesia was carried out to easily remove the displaced tooth root, which resulted in complete healing of soft tissues and disappearance of signs of local infection.

Conclusion

The use of CBCT is essential for the identification and location of the dislocated tooth and the removal of the fragment, as it allows a three-dimensional assessment providing adequate surgical planning which resulted in complete remission of all symptoms.

Clinical significance

Few reports have been published to describe this rare complication of dental extractions that support key points for proper management: (1) the use of three-dimensional imaging for proper evaluation and establishment of exact location; (2) careful surgical planning; (3) precise surgery. Successful tooth removal is the main goal of treatment, which usually results in control of associated signs and symptoms.

How to cite this article

Sousa NWA, de Moraes ATL, Guimarães DM,et al.Persistent Oral Infection Caused by an Iatrogenic Displacement of a Lower Third Molar Root to the Sublingual Space. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):155–158.
Tracking Worker Deaths in Turkey
Authors: Dağ Pınar
Published: March 2021

Documenting worker deaths in Turkey to advocate for improved working
conditions.
Making Data With Readers at La Nación
Authors: Coelho Flor
Published: March 2021

Using civic marathons and the open-source platform Vozdata to collaborate
with readers, universities and NGOs around large data-driven
investigations.
Infrastructuring Collaborations Around the Panama and Paradise Papers
Authors: Díaz-Struck Emilia , Schilis-Gallego Cécile , Romera Pierre
Published: March 2021

How the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) makes
digging through gigantic amounts of documents and data more efficient.
Narrating Water Conflict With Data and Interactive Comics
Authors: Amancio Nelly Luna
Published: March 2021

How we developed an interactive comic to narrate the findings of a
journalistic investigation into the water war in Peru against a big mining
company.
Data Journalism Should Focus on People and Stories
Authors: de Jong Winny
Published: March 2021

The story and the people the story is about should be the sun around
which journalism, including data journalism, revolve.
Data-Driven Gold Standards: What the Field Values as Award-Worthy Data Journalism
Authors: Loosen Wiebke
Published: March 2021

This chapter explores the relationship between the datafication of society
and a datafied journalism and introduces awards as a means to study the
evolution of data journalism.
Beyond Clicks and Shares: How and Why to Measure the Impact of Data Journalism Projects
Authors: Green-Barber Lindsay
Published: March 2021

This chapter argues that data journalism is uniquely positioned to have
an impact on individuals, networks and institutions, and strategies for
measuring the impact of this work are proposed.
Making Truth in Early Modern Catholicism
Authors: Badea Andreea , Boute Bruno , Cavarzere Marco , Broecke Steven , Cristellon Cecilia , Donato Maria Pia , Emich Birgit , Feldhay Rivka , Fiorelli Vittoria , Röder Brendan , Schuessler Rudolf , Spruit Leen
Published: March 2021

Scholarship has come to value the uncertainties haunting early modern knowledge cultures; indeed, awareness of the fragility and plurality of knowledge is now offered as a key element for understanding early modern science as a whole. Yet early modern actors never questioned the possibility of certainty itself and never objected to the notion that truth is out there, universal, and therefore safe from human manipulation. This book investigates how early modern actors managed not to succumb to postmodern relativism, despite the increasing uncertainties and blatant disagreements about the nature of God, Man, and the Universe. An international and interdisciplinary team of experts in fields ranging from the history of science to theology and the history of ideas analyses a number of practices that were central to maintaining and functionalizing the notion of absolute truth. Through such an interdisciplinary research the book shows how certainty about truth could be achieved, and how early modern society recognized the credibility of a wide plethora of actors in differentiating fields of knowledge.
Scholastic Approaches to Reasonable Disagreement
Authors: Schuessler Rudolf
Published: March 2021

The scholastic controversy on probable opinions in the seventeenth
century was one of the most extensive and acrimonious debates of the
early modern era. Historiography has treated it as a quarrel over moral
casuistry, but this underestimates its import. The scholastic preoccupation
with the ‘use of opinions’ should be understood as a search for a general
framework for dealing with reasonable disagreement between competent
evaluators of truth claims (not only moral ones). In the early modern era,
scholastic analyses as well as regulations concerning the prudent and
legitimate use of opinions acquired an unprecedented scope and depth.
For the first time in European intellectual history, detailed theories of
reasonable disagreement emerged, based on explicit characterizations
of competing probable opinions as reasonably tenable.
Modern Philosophy and Ancient Heresies: New Wine in Old Bottles?
Authors: Donato Maria Pia
Published: March 2021

This chapter revisits seventeenth- and eighteenth-century debates on
the Eucharist and atomism as the backdrop of issues of credibility and
authority. It explores how theology, erudition, and philosophy intertwined
in defining dogma, and analyses how the Holy Office and the Congregation
of the Index of Prohibited Books dealt with scientific tendencies within the
Catholic world. In the light of recent scholarship underscoring the inertia
of censorial mechanisms, the chapter argues that looking at censorship as
a performative activity and at the social biases of doctrinal control helps
to understand Rome’s attitude vis-à-vis philosophical novelties. More
broadly, this new focalization highlights how truth was administrated
and credibility established in the Catholic context.
Imagining Technological Art: Early German Film Theory
Authors: Loew Katharina
Published: March 2021

As a form of popular mass entertainment and an apparatus for the
automatic reproduction of material reality, cinema’s artistic aspirations
seemed futile. Some early commentators nonetheless asserted that the new
medium could be a legitimate object of aesthetic scrutiny. In an attempt to
fathom cinema’s immaterial values, early film theorists including Herbert
Tannenbaum and Georg Lukács explored cinema’s kinship with folk art,
mental processes and the fantastic. They argued that film technology,
specifically special effects, could articulate ideas in a sensual form and
thus provide a pathway to a spiritual dimension. As this chapter shows,
their techno-romantic lines of argument conceptualized the medium
within established aesthetics and set the stage for the recognition of
cinema as the first technological art.
“German Technique” and Hollywood
Authors: Loew Katharina
Published: March 2021

In the mid-1920s, the innovative imagery and emotional force of German
films startled American critics and filmmakers. Well-known directors
like F. W. Murnau and Paul Leni were invited to Hollywood, and their
American films showcased a range of unconventional camera effects,
in particular moving camera feats and extreme camera angles. What
galvanized American commentators about these methods was the
realization that cinematic devices could be used to visualize affective
content. German filmmakers proffered a novel model of cinematic immersion,
which augmented the audience’s absorption in the story world
with figurative levels of meaning. Prompted by objectives originating in
techno-romantic thought, Hollywood began to pay increased attention
to the expressive potential of technical tools, with lasting effects on
American filmmaking.
Punovažnost valutne klauzule nakon stupanja na snagu Zakona o konverziji
Authors: Radović Mirjana
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with legality of the currency clause in light of the Law on Conversion of Housing Loans Indexed in Swiss Francs. The first part analyses characteristics of the currency clause, in order to explain effects of its possible illegality on validity of the loan agreement. The author emphasizes inconsistency in the way Serbian courts approach this issue and suggests arguments for treating the loan agreement as being only partially invalid. The second part presents different opinions regarding legality of the Swiss francs currency clause, which is generally treated as an invalid contract term in judicial practice. Thereafter, solutions to the problem of Swiss francs in the Law are examined. It is concluded that conversion is not possible if the original loan agreement was invalid due to an illegal currency clause. Consequently, illegality of the currency clause remains open after entry into force of the said Law.
Factors Associated with Duration of Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Zi-Ang , Lin Prof. Jun
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large number of casualties and economic losses. Reducing the number of hospitalization days can alleviate pressure on health services and save more people. This study was carried out to find associated factors with the duration of hospitalization at a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in China. Methods: In this retrospective study, the demographic details and laboratory tests of 556 patients were collected. These patients were cured and discharged. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 22. The Shapiro-Wilk method was used for the normality of data with P ≤ 0.05 as significant to relate factors with the duration of hospitalization. Results: A total of 556 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study; 249 were males and 307 were females. Among the factors associated with longer hospital stay, lower K+ and Na+ levels were noticed in 102 (18.5%) and 61 (11%) respectively. Among liver functions tests, elevated AST levels was found in 109 (19.6%) patients, decreased serum albumin seen in 301 (54.1%) patients, elevated serum ALT levels in 80 (14.3%) patients with longer hospital stay (P = 0.032). Increased procalcitonin (PCT) was noticed in 66 (11.8%) patients. An elevated level of plasma D-dimer was seen in 125(22.4%) and increased NT-pro BNP levels in 64 (11.5%) patients. Increased cTnT levels were found in 76(13.6%) patients and elevated creatinine levels in 114 (21%) patients.(P = 0.015). Conclusion: Patients with elevated serum total cholesterol had significantly lesser hospital stay than the normal group. Patients with temperature ≥ 38°C and elevated blood glucose had longer hospitalization stay. We recommend that health care providers should not ignore multiple organ support when treating patients.
Emotional and Financial Stress in Doctors Working in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Hasan Dr. Syed Riazul , Hamid Dr. Zeeshan , Yaqub Dr. Muhammad Danial , Ahmed Dr. Syed Rohail , Aftab Dr. Muhammad Amin
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: COVID-19 took the world by a storm and impacted not only the general population but the doctors as well. This study was done in order to determine the financial and economic burden faced by the doctors working in COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out from May 9th to May 23rd, 2020 in Pakistan. A self-designed validated Questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in different hospitals of Pakistan through online Google form. Questions regarding emotional and financial stress in Pakistani doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients were included. Results: One hundred and twenty doctors responded to the current study. Majority of them 97 (80.6%) reported stress during duty hours. Stress level was high among 78 (65.3%) doctors to the extent they thought of leaving the job because of risk of getting infected. Less salaries and family pressure were the other demotivating factors. Most of the doctors 71 (59.2%)] were younger than 30 years of age. Eighty-five (71%) doctors reported being pressurized by the families to leave the job. Shortage of protective gears was also the challenge. A total of 65 (54.2%) doctors got their gears from their institutes, 27 (22.2%) bought their own gears, 23 (19.4%) worked without gears, and 5 (4.8%) got gears from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Conclusion: Majority of the doctors reported stress during duty hours regardless of level or experience in that job; the contributing factors included risk of getting infected, lesser salaries and family pressure. During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors feel that they are not only emotionally exhausted but also tried to cope financial challenges while endangering themselves to save the lives of patients.
Magnitude of Neurocognitive Impairment and Severity of Depression in Geriatric Population
Authors: Yasir Dr. Sadia , Yasir Saad Bin , Haider Nariman , Fatima Sundas , Mazhar Mahpara , Chaudhry Saima , Nizami Asad Tamizuddin
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: With the increasing life expectancy of the populations and rising prevalence of depressive and neurocognitive disorders, there is a need to address the association between the two in terms of magnitude of the neurocognitive disorders and the severity of depression. The current study addresses this issue and aims to observe the association between the two. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2015 at the Institute of Psychiatry at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan where consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years were screened for depression using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Neurocognitive impairment was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). -square test was used to compute the association between depression severity and neurocognitive deficit. Results: There was approximately equal gender distribution with a mean age of 63.6 ± 9.68 years. Eighty six percent of the study population was found to be suffering from clinical depression while seventy percent had neurocognitive deficit. The severity of depression came out to be directly proportional to the magnitude of the neurocognitive disorder (P = 0.000) with 68.8% of the patients with severe depression having moderate to severe neurocognitive deficit. Conclusions: Depression is associated with significant neurocognitive impairment in elderly in the local population; higher the severity of depression more the magnitude of cognitive impairment.
قاضی نصیب اللہ کی فقہ حنفی میں خدمات کاتجزیاتی جائزہ
Authors: Naeem Jan Muhammad , Akbar Junaid
Published: March 2021

In term of agriculture and contemporary knowledge Baluchistan province is barren but

as far as religious concerned it is gateway of Islam. Many companions of Prophet (SAW) are buried here still this province is fertile in respect of producing religious scholars. However, it is fact that due to lack of resources many books of religious scholars couldn’t publish. Many writers’ books are uncountable and mostly books are being read and utilized in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India and many other countries of the world. But these people either prevent themselves from fame or being ignored by media due to lake of religious knowledge. One of these then tic researchers Molana Qazi Naseebullah he belong to Hanafi Sect. He is born in union council Ajram district Pashin in 1968.He studied in different seminaries of Baluchistan and Sindh and completed his education in 1993.After completion of education he started teaching. In his 26 years of teaching he wrote many magnificent books which are prominent work on Hanfi, jurisprudence.He wrote six books up till now.Students of Seminaries read his books and shared with each other’s.Hopefully he would set more milestones in respect of Hanfi sect.I am going to write an analytaical report on his services in fiqa hanfi jurisprudence.
(سامی ادیان میں انسانی عظمت باعتبارِپیدائش وافزائشِ نسلِ انسانی (ایک تقابلی جائزہ
Authors: Saad jaffar Saad jaffar , Ajmal Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Allah is the Creator of the universe, and the best among His creation is human being. He has blessed humans with great honor and dignity. This honor began from the creation of first human, i.e., Hazrat Adam (A.S.).  Allah has created Hazrat Adam (A.S) from His own hands while everything else by His command, this makes human distinct among His creations. During the gathering of angels, He said, “I am sending Hazrat Adam (A.S) as my deputy on the earth”. Holy Quran provides detailed elaboration on the creation of Hazrat Adam (A.S) and the birth of the mankind. Further, the Quran also covers the discussion on the mass used in different stages during the creation of a mankind. The human creation is also discussed in Bible as well. This paper provides comparative study of commonalities and unique aspects in different stages of human birth provided by Quran and Bible.

Keywords: Creator , Creation ,Mankind , Honor ,Dignity, Quran ,Bible Comparative.
Isotopic constraints on wildfire derived HONO
Authors: Chai Jiajue , Dibb Jack E. , Anderson Bruce E. , Bekker Claire , Blum Danielle E. , Heim Eric , Jordan Carolyn E. , Joyce Emily E. , Kaspari Jackson H. , Munro Hannah , Walters Wendell W. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical (OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, but it also results in highly polluted conditions that favour heterogeneous formation of HONO from nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and nitrate on both ground and particle surfaces. However, these processes remain poorly constrained. To quantitatively constrain the HONO budget under various fire/smoke conditions, we combine a unique dataset of field concentrations and isotopic ratios (15N/14N and 18O/16O) of NOx and HONO, with an isotopic box model. Here we report the first isotopic evidence of secondary HONO production in near-ground wildfire plumes, and the subsequent quantification of relative importance of each pathway to total HONO production. Most importantly, our results reveal that nitrate photolysis plays a minor role (< 5 %) in HONO formation in daytime aged smoke, while photo-enhanced NO2-to-HONO heterogeneous conversion contributes 85–95 % to total HONO production, followed by OH+NO (5–15 %). In nighttime, heterogeneous reduction of NO2 catalysed by redox active species (e.g., iron oxide and/or quinone) is essential (≥ 75 %) for HONO production in addition to surface NO2 hydrolysis. Additionally, the 18O/16O of HONO is used for the first time to constrain the NO-to-NO2 oxidation branching ratio between ozone and peroxy radicals. Our approach provides a new and critical way to mechanistically constrain atmospheric chemistry/air quality models.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: volume VIII – gas-phase reactions of organic species with four, or more, carbon atoms ( ≥  C4)
Authors: Mellouki Abdelwahid , Ammann Markus , Cox R. Anthony , Crowley John N. , Herrmann Hartmut , Jenkin Michael E. , McNeill V. Faye , Troe Jürgen , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This article, the eighth in the series, presents kinetic and
photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric
Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the gas-phase thermal and
photochemical reactions of organic species with four, or more, carbon atoms
(≥ C4) available on the IUPAC website in 2021, including thermal
reactions of closed-shell organic species with HO and NO3 radicals and
their photolysis. The present work is a continuation of volume II (Atkinson
et al., 2006), with new reactions and updated data sheets for reactions of HO
(77 reactions) and NO3 (36 reactions) with ≥ C4 organics,
including alkanes, alkenes, dienes, aromatics, oxygenated, organic nitrates
and nitro compounds in addition to photochemical processes for nine species.
The article consists of a summary table (Table 1), containing the recommended kinetic
parameters for the evaluated reactions, and a supplement containing the
data sheets, which provide information upon which recommendations are
made.
Types of pulsating aurora: Comparison of model and EISCAT electron density observations
Authors: Tesema Fasil , Partamies Noora , Whiter Daniel K. , Ogawa Yasunobu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Energetic particle precipitation associated with pulsating aurora (PsA) can reach down to lower mesospheric altitude and deplete ozone. It is well documented that pulsating aurora is a common phenomenon during substorm recovery phases. This indicates that using magnetic indices to model the chemistry induced by PsA electrons could underestimate the energy deposition in the atmosphere. Integrating satellite measurements of precipitating electrons in models is considered to be an alternative way to account for such underestimation. One way to do this is to test and validate existing ion chemistry models using integrated measurements from satellite and ground-based observations. By using satellite measurements, an average/typical spectrum of PsA electrons can be constructed and used as an input in models to study the effects of the energetic electrons in the atmosphere. In this study, we compare electron densities from EISCAT radars with auroral ion chemistry and the energetics model by using pulsating aurora spectra derived from POES satellites as an energy input for the model. We found a good agreement between the model and EISCAT electron densities in the region dominated by patchy pulsating aurora. However, the magnitude of the observed electron densities suggests a significant difference in the flux of precipitating electrons for different pulsating aurora types (structures) observed.
The Fluxgate Magnetometer of the Low Orbit Pearl Satellites (LOPS): overview of in-flight performance and initial results
Authors: Zhu Ye , Du Aimin , Luo Hao , Qiao Donghai , Zhang Ying , Ge Yasong , Yang Jiefeng , Sun Shuquan , Zhao Lin , Ou Jiaming , Guo Zhifang , Tian Lin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Low Orbit Pearl Satellite series consists of six constellations, with each constellation consisting of three identical micro-satellites which line up just like a string of pearls. The first constellation of three satellites were launched on September 29, 2017, with an inclination of ~ 35.5° and ~ 600 km altitude. Each satellite is equipped with three identical Fluxgate Magnetometers (FGM), which measure the in-situ magnetic field and its low frequency fluctuations in the Earth’s low altitude orbit. The triple sensor configuration enables separation of stray field effects generated by the spacecraft from the ambient magnetic field [e.g. Zhang et al., 2006]. This paper gives a general description of the magnetometer about the instrument design, calibration before launch, in flight calibration, as well as the in-flight performance and initial results. Unprecedented spatial coverage resolution of the magnetic field measurements allow for investigating the dynamic processes and electric currents of ionosphere and magnetosphere, especially for the ring current and equatorial electrojet (EEJ) during both geomagnetic quiet conditions and storms. It could be important for studying the method to separate their contributions of the M-I current system.
A Lagrangian-based Floating Macroalgal Growth and Drift Model (FMGDM v1.0): application in the green tides of the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhou Fucang , Ge Jianzhong , Liu Dongyan , Ding Pingxing , Chen Changsheng
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Massive floating macroalgal blooms in the ocean have had an array of ecological consequences; thus, tracking their drifting pattern and predicting their biomass are important for their effective management. However, a high-resolution ecological dynamics model is lacking. In this study, a physical–ecological model, Floating Macroalgal Growth and Drift Model (FMGDM v1.0), was developed to determine the dynamic growth and drift pattern of floating macroalgal, based on the tracking, replication and extinction of Lagrangian particles. The position, velocity, quantity and represented biomass of particles are updated synchronously between the tracking module and the ecological module. The former is driven by ocean flows and sea surface wind, while the latter is controlled by the temperature, salinity, and irradiation. Based on the hydrodynamic models of the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model and parameterized using a culture experiment of Ulva prolifera, which caused the largest bloom worldwide of the green tide in the Yellow Sea, China, this model was applied to simulate the green tides around the Yellow Sea in 2014 and 2015. The simulation result, distribution and biomass of green tides, was validated using remote sensing observation data and reasonably modeled the entire process of green tide bloom and its extinction from early spring to late summer. Given the prescribed spatial initialization from remote sensing observation, the model could provide accurate short-term (7–8 d) predictions of the spatial and temporal developments of the green tide. With the support of the hydrodynamic model and biological data of macroalgae, this model can forecast floating macroalgae blooms in other regions.