bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement Based As-You-Go Deployment of Two-Connected Wireless Relay Networks
Authors: Ghosh Avishek , Chattopadhyay Arpan , Arora Anish , Kumar Anurag
Published: August 2017

Motivated by the need for impromptu or as-you-go deployment of wireless sensor networks in some situations, we study the problem of optimal sequential deployment of wireless sensors and relays along a line (e.g., a forest trail) of unknown length. Starting from the sink node (e.g., a base station), a ”deployment agent„ walks along the line, stops at equally spaced points (”potential„ relay locations), placing relays at some of these points, until he reaches a location at which the source node (i.e., the sensor) needs to be placed, the objective being to create a multihop wireless relay network between the source and the sink. The deployment agent decides whether to place a relay or not at each of the potential locations, depending upon the link quality measurements to the previously placed relays.

In this article, we seek to design efficient deployment algorithms for this class of problems, to achieve the objective of 2-connectivity in the deployed network. We ensure multi-connectivity by allowing each node to communicate with more than one neighbouring node. By proposing a network cost objective that is additive over the deployed relays, we formulate the relay placement problem as a Markov decision process. We provide structural results for the optimal policy and evaluate the performance of the optimal policy via numerical exploration. Computation of such an optimal deployment policy requires a statistical model for radio propagation; we extract this model from the raw data collected via measurements in a forestlike environment. To validate the results obtained from the numerical study, we provide an experimental study of algorithms for 2-connected network deployment.
Use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, to Assess Developmental Outcome in Infants and Young Children in an Urban Setting in South Africa
Authors: Ballot Daynia E. , Ramdin Tanusha , Rakotsoane David , Agaba Faustine , Davies Victor A. , Chirwa Tobias , Cooper Peter A.
Published: August 2017

Background. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a tool developed in a Western setting. Aim. To evaluate the development of a group of inner city children in South Africa with no neonatal risk factors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III), to determine an appropriate cut-off to define developmental delay, and to establish variation in scores done in the same children before and after one year of age. Methods. Cohort follow-up study. Results. 74 children had at least one Bayley III assessment at a mean age of 19.4 months (95% CI 18.4 to 20.4). The mean composite cognitive score was 92.2 (95% CI 89.4 to 95.0), the mean composite language score was 94.8 (95% CI 92.5 to 97.1), and mean composite motor score was 98.8 (95% CI 96.8 to 101.0). No child had developmental delay using a cut-off score of 70. In paired assessments above and below one year of age, the cognitive score remained unchanged, the language score decreased significantly (p=0.001), and motor score increased significantly (p=0.004) between the two ages. Conclusion. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a suitable tool for assessing development in urban children in southern Africa.
Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis: A Presentation of Multi-Institutional Cases to Promote Early Diagnosis and Management of the Disease
Authors: Natu Ashwinee , Iuppa Guiseppe , Packer Clifford D.
Published: August 2017

Objective. To compare three cases of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis to increase early diagnosis of the disease. Case  1. A 23-year-old man with Crohn’s disease and oral HSV. HSV hepatitis was diagnosed clinically and he improved with acyclovir. Case  2. An 18-year-old G1P0 woman with transaminitis. Despite early empiric acyclovir therapy, she died due to fulminant liver failure. Case  3. A 65-year-old woman who developed transaminitis after liver transplant. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and she had resolution of acute liver failure with acyclovir. Conclusion. It is imperative that clinicians be aware of patients at high risk for developing HSV hepatitis to increase timely diagnosis and prevent morbidity and fatality.
Beneficial Effects of PrebioticSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMannan on Allergic Asthma Mouse Models
Authors: Lew D. Betty , Michael Christie F. , Overbeck Tracie , Robinson W. Scout , Rohman Erin L. , Lehman Jeffrey M. , Patel Jennifer K. , Eiseman Brandi , LeMessurier Kim S. , Samarasinghe Amali E. , Gaber M. Waleed
Published: August 2017

One of the unmet needs for asthma management is a new therapeutic agent with both anti-inflammatory and anti-smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling effects. The mannose receptor (MR) family plays an important role in allergen uptake and processing of major allergens Der p 1 and Fel d 1. We have previously reported that ASM cells express a mannose receptor (ASM-MR) and that mannan derived fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae(SC-MN) inhibits mannosyl-rich lysosomal hydrolase-induced bovine ASM cell proliferation. Using a humanized transgenic mouse strain (huASM-MRC2) expressing the human MRC2 receptor in a SM tissue-specific manner, we have demonstrated that ASM hyperplasia/hypertrophy can occur as early as 15 days after allergen challenge in this mouse model and this phenomenon is preventable with SC-MN treatment. This proof-of-concept study would facilitate future development of a potential asthma therapeutic agent with dual function of anti-inflammatory and anti-smooth muscle remodeling effects.
Jordan (α,β)-Derivations on Operator Algebras
Authors: Chen Quanyuan , Fang Xiaochun , Li Changjing
Published: August 2017

Let A be a CSL subalgebra of a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space H. It is shown that any Jordan (α,β)-derivation on A is an (α,β)-derivation, where α,β are any automorphisms on A. Moreover, the nth power (α,β)-maps on A are investigated.
Genetic Transformation and Hairy Root Induction Enhance the Antioxidant Potential of Lactuca serriola L.
Authors: El-Esawi Mohamed A. , Elkelish Amr , Elansary Hosam O. , Ali Hayssam M. , Elshikh Mohamed , Witczak Jacques , Ahmad Margaret
Published: August 2017

Lactuca serriola L. is a herbaceous species, used for human nutrition and medicinal purposes. The high antioxidant capacity of L. serriola indicates the possibility of enhancing its edible and health potential by increasing the flavonoid and phenolic contents. The present study aimed at enhancing the production of phenolics and flavonoids by hairy root cultures in Lactuca serriola transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain AR15834 harbouring the rolB gene. The genetic transformation of rolB in transformed roots was validated, and rolB expression level was evaluated using real‐time qPCR analysis. Expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHI, PAL, FLS, and CHS) were assessed in the hairy and nontransformed roots. Results showed higher expression levels in the transgenic roots than in the nontransformed ones (p < 0.01). Transgenic hairy roots exhibited a 54.8–96.7% increase in the total phenolic content, 38.1–76.2% increase in the total flavonoid content, and 56.7–96.7% increase in the total reducing power when compared with the nontransgenic roots (p < 0.01). DPPH results also revealed that the transgenic hairy roots exhibited a 31.6–50% increase in antioxidant potential, when compared to normal roots. This study addressed the enhancement of secondary metabolite biosynthesis by hairy root induction in L. serriola.
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Tanabe Katsuyuki , Maeshima Yohei , Sato Yasufumi , Wada Jun
Published: August 2017

Angiogenesis has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for early stages of diabetic nephropathy in a number of animal experiments. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main mediator for abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic glomeruli. Although beneficial effects of anti-VEGF antibodies have previously been demonstrated in diabetic animal experiments, recent basic and clinical evidence has revealed that the blockade of VEGF signaling resulted in proteinuria and renal thrombotic microangiopathy, suggesting the importance of maintaining normal levels of VEGF in the kidneys. Therefore, antiangiogenic therapy for diabetic nephropathy should eliminate excessive glomerular angiogenic response without accelerating endothelial injury. Some endogenous antiangiogenic factors such as endostatin and tumstatin inhibit overactivation of endothelial cells but do not specifically block VEGF signaling. In addition, the novel endothelium-derived antiangiogenic factor vasohibin-1 enhances stress tolerance and survival of the endothelial cells, while inhibiting excess angiogenesis. These factors have been demonstrated to suppress albuminuria and glomerular alterations in a diabetic mouse model. Thus, antiangiogenic therapy with promising candidates will possibly improve renal prognosis in patients with early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
Enhanced Energy Localization in Hyperthermia Treatment Based on Hybrid Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic System: Proof of Concept with Numerical Simulations
Authors: Nizam-Uddin N. , Elshafiey Ibrahim
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes a hybrid hyperthermia treatment system, utilizing two noninvasive modalities for treating brain tumors. The proposed system depends on focusing electromagnetic (EM) and ultrasound (US) energies. The EM hyperthermia subsystem enhances energy localization by incorporating a multichannel wideband setting and coherent-phased-array technique. A genetic algorithm based optimization tool is developed to enhance the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution by reducing hotspots and maximizing energy deposition at tumor regions. The treatment performance is also enhanced by augmenting an ultrasonic subsystem to allow focused energy deposition into deep tumors. The therapeutic faculty of ultrasonic energy is assessed by examining the control of mechanical alignment of transducer array elements. A time reversal (TR) approach is then investigated to address challenges in energy focus in both subsystems. Simulation results of the synergetic effect of both modalities assuming a simplified model of human head phantom demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid technique as a noninvasive tool for thermal treatment of brain tumors.
Modeling the Impact of Bed-Net Use and Treatment on Malaria Transmission Dynamics
Authors: Gimba Bello , Bala Saminu Iliyasu
Published: August 2017

We modeled the impact of bed-net use and insecticide treated nets (ITNs), temperature, and treatment on malaria transmission dynamics using ordinary differential equations. To achieve this we formulated a simple model of mosquito biting rate that depends on temperature and usage of insecticides treated bed nets. We conducted global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHC) and Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) in order to find the most effective parameters that affect malaria transmission dynamics. We established the existence of the region where the model is epidemiologically feasible. We conducted the stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium by the threshold parameter. We found the condition for the existence of the endemic equilibrium and provided necessary condition for its stability. Our results show that the peak of mosquitoes biting rate occurs at a range of temperature values not on a single value as previously reported in literature. The results also show that the combination of treatment and ITNs usage is the most effective intervention strategy towards control and eradication of malaria transmissions. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the biting rate and the mosquitoes death rates are the most important parameters in the dynamics of malaria transmission.
Chronic Effects of Resistance Training in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Santos Wanderson Divino Nilo dos , Gentil Paulo , de Moraes Rafael Felipe , Ferreira Júnior João Batista , Campos Mário Hebling , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Freitas Júnior Ruffo , Bottaro Martim , Vieira Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2017

Objective.To analyse effects of resistance training (RT) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and how protocols and acute variables were manipulated.Methods.Search was made at PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS. All articles published between 2000 and 2016 were considered. Studies that met the following criteria were included: written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; BCS who have undergone surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy; additional RT only; analysis of muscle performance, body mass composition (BMC), psychosocial parameters, or blood biomarkers.Results.Ten studies were included. PEDro score ranged from 5 to 9. Rest interval and cadence were not reported. Two studies reported continuous training supervision. All reported improvements in muscle strength, most with low or moderate effect size (ES), but studies performed with high loads presented large ES. Five described no increased risk or exacerbation of lymphedema. Most studies that analysed BMC showed no relevant changes.Conclusions.RT has been shown to be safe for BCS, with no increased risk of lymphedema. The findings indicated that RT is efficient in increasing muscle strength; however, only one study observed significant changes in BMC. An exercise program should therefore consider the manipulation of acute and chronic variables of RT to obtain optimal results.
Maintenance of the Results of Stage II Lower Limb Lymphedema Treatment after Normalization of Leg Size
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , Pereira de Godoy Henrique Jose , Lopes Pinto Renata , Facio Fernando Nestor , Guerreiro Godoy Maria de Fatima
Published: August 2017

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to transfer responsibility of the maintenance of the results of lymphedema treatment to the patient. Methods. Maintenance of the reduction of edema was evaluated in a prospective clinical trial in patients with Stage II leg lymphedema. Twenty-one lymphedematous lower limbs were evaluated in Clínica Godoy in 2014 and 2016. The evaluation was done by volumetry at baseline and weekly thereafter for volume control. Patients wore Venosan® cotton 20/30 and 30/40 mmHg elastic compression stockings followed by a custom-made inelastic stocking made of grosgrain fabric. The Friedman test for multiple comparisons and Conover post hoc test were used for statistical analysis with an alpha error of 5%. Results. On comparing leg volume changes using the different types of stockings, the 20/30 mmHg elastic compression stockings failed in the first week to maintain the volume reductions but the 30/40 mmHg compression stockings did not allow significant increases in volume (p value > 0.05). During one week, the grosgrain stocking reduced leg volumes to baseline values (p value = 0.24). Conclusion. Higher compression of elastic stockings is better than lower compression but the inelastic grosgrain stocking is even better than both to maintain the results.
A Sequential Approach to the Biodynamic Modeling of a Human Finger
Authors: Knez Luka , Slavič Janko , Boltežar Miha
Published: August 2017

In an effort to understand the vibration-induced injuries incurred by manual workers, mechanical models are developed and used to predict the biodynamic responses of human body parts that are exposed to vibration. Researchers have traditionally focused on the arms and hands, but there has been only limited research on finger modeling. To simulate the accurate response of a single finger, a detailed mechanical model based on biodynamic finger measurements is necessary. However, the development of such models may prove difficult using the traditional one-point coupling method; therefore, this study proposes a new approach. A novel device for single-finger measurements is presented and used to expose the finger to a single-axial broadband excitation. The sequentially measured responses of the different finger parts are then used to identify the parameters of a multibody mechanical model of the index finger. Very good agreement between the measured and the simulated data was achieved, and the study also confirmed that the obtained index-finger model is acceptable for further biodynamic studies.
New Directions in Cancer Control and Population Sciences
Authors: Hiatt Robert A.
Published: August 2017

Cancer control science has been evolving since it first became a focus for cancer research and program activities a century ago. The evolution of the field has responded to historical megatrends along the way that keep it relevant to the cancer-related needs of society. This commentary describes some of the key trends and developments now influencing cancer control and population sciences that reflect societal change and new tools and concepts in modern biomedical science. New directions include the impact of climate change, health care delivery research, the growth of population health science, data science, precision medicine, data sharing, implementation science, and new technologies, including social media and new geospatial methodologies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1165–9. ©2017 AACR.
Aplicação do laser scanner na análise de estabilidade em escavações subterrâneas: Mina Tabiporã, Campo Largo, PR
Authors: Piazzetta Gabriela Reis , Trzaskos Barbara , Machado Álvaro Muriel Lima
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho demonstra a aplicação do laser scanner (light detection and ranging – LIDAR) na análise geotécnica de queda de blocos em galeria subterrânea. O estudo, realizado em parte da galeria da Mineração Tabiporã, teve como objetivo testar a utilização de dados remotos na determinação da direção de famílias de fraturas e sua comparação com dados diretos, obtidos em campo. A nuvem de pontos georreferenciados, obtida a partir do laser scanner, deu origem ao modelo tridimensional do túnel. A aquisição remota dos dados mostrou-se prática e rápida, fato que favorece a segurança dos trabalhadores e a redução de custos de projetos. No modelo de visualização da nuvem de pontos, foram selecionados conjuntos de pontos que representam planos de descontinuidade na rocha. Esses pontos foram triangulados e resultaram em planos com direção e mergulho, que representam famílias de fraturas. Os dados obtidos indiretamente foram comparados com medidas de planos de fratura adquiridas em campo, na mesma área. A correlação entre os dados, embora parcial, mostrou que a aquisição de dados estruturais pelo método indireto pode ser útil em situações de risco de queda de blocos. O resultado demonstra a utilidade do laser scanner em regiões de difícil acesso, garantindo a segurança das equipes de avaliação; no entanto, ressalta-se que são necessários avanços tecnológicos para tornar o processo de análise indireta mais robusto.
Química mineral e condições de cristalização do plutão ediacarano Bom Jardim de Goiás, Província Tocantins, Centro Oeste do Brasil
Authors: Coimbra Keyla Thayrinne Oliveira , Galindo Antonio Carlos , Souza Zorano Sérgio de , Viana Rúbia Ribeiro
Published: August 2017

Intrusões graníticas pós-colisionais relacionadas ao Ciclo Brasiliano são de ampla distribuição no Arco Magmático de Goiás, porção central da Província Tocantins, Brasil Central. O Plutão Bom Jardim de Goiás (PBJG) compõe o quadro desses corpos intrusivos de idade ediacarana, cujo embasamento é constituído por rochas metassupracrustais e ortognaisses do Arco Magmático Arenópolis. De acordo com descrições petrográficas, as rochas do PBJG são classificadas em tonalito, granodiorito e quartzo monzodiorito, com textura equigranular grossa a inequigranular (fina a média); localmente observam-se fenocristais de anfibólio e plagioclásio. Neste trabalho são apresentados dados de química mineral de anfibólio, plagioclásio, biotita e magnetita do PBJG, assim como os parâmetros intensivos de cristalização do plutão em questão. O anfibólio do PBJG é subédrico ou anédrico, com características químicas apontando para os anfibólios cálcicos edenita e Mg-hornblenda. O plagioclásio (andesina, An30-37) ocorre como grãos prismáticos ou ripiformes, geminados, com zonamento químico evidenciado por alterações acentuadas para sericita, epídoto e carbonatos no centro dos cristais. A biotita é marrom, lamelar, sendo parcialmente substituída por titanita, clorita e epídoto, correspondendo quimicamente a Mg-biotita. A magnetita é euédrica a subédrica, em seções quadradas ou alongadas, encontrando-se usualmente como inclusões em hornblenda, clinopiroxênio, biotita e titanita. O teor de AlT da hornblenda indica pressão de cristalização do PBJG entre 2,1 e 4,0 kbar. Esses valores são coerentes com a presença de andalusita nas rochas encaixantes. O geotermômetro anfibólio-plagioclásio mostra temperaturas de 692 a 791°C, relativamente mais baixas do que aquelas obtidas pelo geotermômetro de saturação de zircão em rocha total (794 – 813°C), interpretadas como mais próximas da temperatura de liquidus de magmas granodioríticos a tonalíticos.
Análise geológica e petrofísica de um bloco de travertino como análogo de reservatório de hidrocarbonetos
Authors: Basso Mateus , Kuroda Michelle Chaves , Vidal Alexandre Campane
Published: August 2017

Os carbonatos de origem microbialítica vêm ganhando espaço na geologia do petróleo visto a existência de diversos reservatórios compostos por essas litologias nos campos produtores do Pré-Sal. Dentre as rochas propostas como análogas aos microbialitos estão os travertinos, os estromatólitos e as tufas calcárias. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo de parâmetros geológicos, petrofísicos e geofísicos de um bloco de travertino de dimensões 1,60 x 1,60 x 2,70m, de 21,2 toneladas e disponível no Centro de Estudos de Petróleo (CEPETRO) na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O bloco de origem italiana, denominado T-block, corresponde ao volume elementar representativo da formação de origem e permitiu o estudo em uma escala intermediária entre a escala de afloramento e a amostra de mão. Foram realizados ensaios de permeabilidade, medições de espectrometria de raios gama e obtenção da porosidade superficial por meio de análise de imagens. Modelos foram gerados a partir dos dados obtidos e então associados à geologia descritiva do bloco. Foi registrado um padrão de redução de permeabilidade, porosidade e concentração dos elementos potássio (K), urânio (U) e tório (Th), seguindo um gradiente em direção ao topo do T-block que acompanha a redução do grau de desenvolvimento da fábrica da rocha.
Interação tectônica entre bacias sucessoras no domínio externo do Orógeno Araçuaí: estudo de caso da região de Planalto de Minas, Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Maria Eugênia Silva de , Martins Maximiliano de Souza , Madeira Mariana de Resende , Queiroga Gláucia Nascimento , Barbosa Maria Silvia Carvalho
Published: August 2017

O Supergrupo Espinhaço Meridional e o Grupo Macaúbas, em Minas Gerais, são as maiores expressões geotectônicas dos ciclos de fragmentação sucessivos que atingiram o paleocontinente São Francisco-Congo desde o Estateriano até o Criogeniano. O mapeamento geológico em escala 1:25.000 da região de Planalto de Minas, localizada no centro-norte do estado, revelou a ocorrência da Formação São João da Chapada (ca. 1.7 Ga, Supergrupo Espinhaço) diretamente sobreposta por uma sequência metavulcano-sedimentar toniana do Grupo Macaúbas (ca. 889 Ma), aqui designada de Formação Planalto de Minas. A integração geológica-geofísica revelou ainda que esta área permaneceu como um alto estrutural do final do Estateriano até o Toniano. A existência do alto estrutural de Planalto de Minas é o reflexo do complexo arranjo estrutural de rifteamentos sobrepostos, com formação e interação de um meio-gráben, ou sistema ramificado de meio-grabens, que exerceram importante controle tectono-estratigráfico na arquitetura — formação e evolução — da bacia Macaúbas.
Evolução deformacional das rochas do Vale do Jacurici: implicações para a estruturação dos corpos cromitíferos máfico-ultramáficos
Authors: Almeida Harrizon Lima de , Cabral Eraldo Bulhões , Bezerra Francisco Xavier
Published: August 2017

Baseado na análise estrutural de rochas do Vale do Jacurici, encaixantes de corpos máfico-ultramáficos mineralizados em cromita, reconheceram-se quatro eventos deformacionais, os quais foram estabelecidos segundo um regime deformacional inicialmente tangencial/compressivo, evoluindo para transpressivo e distensivo, denominados, respectivamente, Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2 e Dn+3. Os referidos eventos deformacionais foram responsáveis por impor forte controle estrutural às rochas máfico-ultramáficas da área, com implicações diretas na geometria e distribuição dos corpos mineralizados em cromita.
Interpretação paleoambiental dos calcretes da Formação Marília na região de Uberaba (MG)
Authors: Sampaio Lorena da Fonseca , Bó Patrick Führ Dal’ , Basilici Giorgio , Marinho Thiago da Silva
Published: August 2017

Calcretes são acumulações secundárias de carbonato de cálcio continentais formadas próximo à superfície como resultado de processos pedogenéticos e diagenéticos, produzindo grande variedade de morfologias e texturas. Na Formação Marília (Cretáceo Superior da Bacia Bauru) na região de Uberaba (MG), os calcretes têm sido estudados por seu significado paleoclimático e paleoambiental. Contudo, sua origem e relações entre processos de sedimentação, pedogênese e eodiagênese carecem de estudos detalhados. Em campo, foram distintas quatro morfologias de calcretes no Membro Ponte Alta (nodular, brechoso, venular e maciço) e três no Membro Serra da Galga (nodular, laminar e hardpan). Os calcretes do Membro Ponte Alta são formados por processos palustres e/ou diagenéticos freáticos, marcados pela presença de micrita com feições de exposição subaérea, ostracodes, biválvios e carófitas, e por intensa cimentação espática e neomorfismo. No Membro Serra da Galga, calcretes nodulares e laminares são caracterizados por associação de microfeições pedogênicas e biogênicas, tais como tramas cristalíticas, rizotúbulos, Microcodium e esferulitos, embora cimentação por calcita espática diagenética ocorra pontualmente. Os calcretes tipo hardpan ocorrem no topo de perfis de paleossolos e possuem origem poligenética, com sobreposição de feições palustres e diagenéticas. Na Formação Marília, a formação de calcretes está relacionada à emergência ou ao rebaixamento de águas subterrâneas sobressaturadas em carbonato de cálcio em sedimentos ou perfis de solo. A predominância de feições diagenéticas freáticas e palustres no Membro Ponte Alta sugere condições climáticas semiáridas com períodos de maior pluviosidade e/ou aumento das taxas de subsidência durante sua deposição.
Liberdade e escravidão no pensamento estoico romano: uma leitura da Consolatio ad Polybium, de Sêneca
Authors: Joly Fabio Duarte
Published: August 2017

A Consolatio ad Polybium, escrita por Sêneca durante seu exílio na Córsega, e endereçada a Políbio, liberto imperial de Cláudio, tem sido interpretada pela historiografia moderna sob duas perspectivas. Por um lado, é discutida sua estrutura literária, tendo em vista o gênero da consolação na Antiguidade. Por outro lado, análises históricas buscam perceber como o filósofo apresenta o imperador Cláudio nos quadros de uma reflexão estoica sobre o poder imperial. Embora ambas as análises sejam pertinentes, o objetivo deste artigo volta-se para o próprio retrato do liberto por Sêneca e como este se conforma a um determinado pensamento estoico sobre a escravidão em que o liberto é retratado como inelutavelmente preso ao passado servil, uma vez que sua forma de pensar e agir não consegue desvencilhar-se do período de escravidão.
Testing the validity of a commonly-used habitat suitability index at the edge of a species’ range: great crested newt Triturus cristatus in Scotland
Authors: O’Brien David , Hall Jeanette , Miró Alexandre , Wilkinson John
Published: August 2017

Habitat Suitability Indices (HSI) are widely used in conservation and in pre-development surveying. We tested a commonly-used HSI to assess its effectiveness at predicting the presence of a European protected species, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus, at the edge of its range. This HSI is used to understand species’ conservation needs, and in assessing the need for, and designing, mitigation. Given the cost of surveying to developers, it is essential that they can have confidence in the index used in targeting work and in Environmental Impact Assessments. We found that nine of the ten factors which make up the HSI are robust in the region, even in a disjunct population believed to have been isolated for around 3000 years. However, we propose modification of the geographic factor, based upon an improved knowledge of the species’ distribution since the HSI was originally devised.
Error rates and variation between observers are reduced with the use of photographic matching software for capture-recapture studies
Authors: Cruickshank Sam S. , Schmidt Benedikt R.
Published: August 2017

Photographic capture-mark-recapture (CMR) permits individual recognition whilst avoiding many of the concerns involved with marking animals. However, the construction of capture histories from photographs is a time-consuming process. Furthermore, matching accuracy is determined based on subjective judgements of the person carrying out the matching, which can lead to errors in the resulting datasets – particularly in long-term projects where multiple observers match images. We asked 63 volunteers to carry out two photographic-matching exercises using a database of known individuals of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata). From these exercises, we quantified the matching accuracy of volunteers in terms of false-acceptance and false-rejection rates. Not only were error rates greatly reduced with the use of photographic-matching software, but variation in error rates among volunteers was also lowered. Furthermore, the use of matching software led to substantial increases in matching speeds and an 87% reduction in the false-rejection rate. As even small error rates have the potential to bias CMR analyses, these results suggest that computer software could substantially reduce errors in CMR datasets. The time-savings and reduction in variance among observers suggest that such methods could be particularly beneficial in long-term CMR projects where a large number of images may be matched by multiple observers.
The effects of sunfish on spotted salamander oviposition, hatching time, and larval survival
Authors: Davenport Jon M. , Hampson Maria E. , King Alexis B. , Bishir Stephanie C.
Published: August 2017

Introduced species have negative effects on amphibian populations by reducing local recruitment and consuming larvae before metamorphosis. Fish can naturally colonize ponds periodically because of flooding and connectivity with river floodplains. However, many fish introductions have been intentional for commercial, recreational, and biocontrol purposes. In southeast Missouri (USA),Ambystoma maculatumwill attempt to breed in ponds even if introduced fish (Lepomisspp.) are present. We predicted that fish would have negative effects on salamander oviposition, hatching success and timing, and larval survival. In order to evaluate the effects of introduced fish onA. maculatumacross life stages, we conducted pond surveys and a series of mesocosm experiments. Using field surveys,A.maculatumdeposited significantly fewer eggs in ponds with fish. In short-term mesocosm experiments, we found that hatching time was not significantly affected by deposition site or fish cues, however, hatching success was lower for eggs deposited in fish ponds. NoA. maculatumlarvae survived when fish were present, regardless of egg deposition site. Our study is important because we found that, unless a female avoids depositing eggs with fish, one fish species can have profound effects on larval amphibian persistence. Therefore, small-scale fish introductions for recreation can act as a potential source for reduced recruitment and an increased risk of local extinction.
Reconfiguring East Asian Modernity
Authors: Flowers James
Published: August 2017

Around the turn of the twentieth century, Korean thinkers debated on the dilemma of how their country should deal with the challenge of modernity. Aiming to resist the westernisation of Korea, the physician Sŏk-kok took the unique approach of using the medical theories of Chinese antiquity to explain Korea’s propitious place in the world. In the context of Japan’s increasing influence leading to annexation in 1910, Sŏk-kok used the model of regionalqiin China to explain variation ofqiin the world. With China’s collapse, Korea had become the new centre of civilised learning, characterized by its increasing yangqi. Thus, identifying strengthening yang of the East as his solution, Sŏk-kok also challenged the traditional medical orthodoxy of nourishing yinqiby arguing for focusing more on strengthening people’s yangqi. To put theory into practice, the powerful toxic drug aconite became his metaphor to strengthen the yang of Korea as a civilisation through aconite-based drug therapies supporting the heart-minds of individuals.
Twitter and Global Political Crises
Authors: O’Loughlin Ben , Vaccari Cristian , Aslan Ozgul Billur , Dennis James
Published: August 2017

This study examines social media responses to the 13 November 2015 Paris attacks by the Islamic State. First impressions of over 2,000,000 tweets containing hashtags #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria suggested a conflation of three issues: (1) Migration: were the attackers homegrown or carrying overseas passports? (2) Violence: why was Paris attacked and why is France bombing the Islamic State? (3) Media: what role should mainstream and social media play during events that are local and global, unique and yet part of a series? However, instead of conflating media, migration and terrorism, we found users of both hashtags discussing Syria, foreign policy, and justice and fairness. Building on previous research exploring how social media affordances encourage certain communication behaviors, we test whether Twitter’s reply function is more conducive to antagonistic comments than retweets, which we hypothesise allow for an expression of solidarity and universalism. Conversations about Syria contain greater antagonism, explained by aspects of the tweet, user and network effects. The #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria conversations exhibit neither the contestation of global attention nor a media-driven cycle of insecurity. The high frequency of agonistic and non-visual tweets, particularly about Syria, suggests a robust exchange of claims, refuting pessimistic depictions of Twitter as a space for superficiality and hate.
What We Know about Maʿrūf
Authors: Reinhart A. Kevin
Published: August 2017

Conventionally, Qurʾānic ethics is derived from the Qurʾān and Propheticḥadīth, (along with certain rules of application) to form norms of moral conduct—sharīʿah. This paper argues that a study of the termmaʿrūf, (meaning literally, “known”) which occurs in three contexts in the Qurʾān, suggests that the Qurʾān itself assumes that revelational knowledge is to be supplemented with conventional moral understandings of what is right and wrong.

Aside from one set of usages that seem to mean “candor” in the making of commitments, the emphatic summons to “do themaʿrūf” does not stipulate what that “known” thing is. The implication is that one knows, from social conventions and moral intuitions extrinsic to revelation, what to do. It follows then that “Islamic ethics” ought to be composed of revelational sources, supplemented by the moral knowledge of Muslims at any given time and in any given place.
Track analysis of the order Gomphales (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-ÁVILA ASTRID , CONTRERAS-MEDINA RAÚL , ESPINOSA DAVID , LUNA-VEGA ISOLDA
Published: August 2017

The geographic distribution of 10 genera and 71 species of the order Gomphales in Mexico is analysed using the panbiogeographic approach. This allows us to gain a better understanding of distribution patterns and to propose conservation areas. We compiled a database containing 3,484 occurrence records for Gomphales from taxonomic literature, herbarium specimens, institutional databases and field collections. Using this database, we obtained individual tracks for species of Gomphales. From the comparison and intersection of the 43 individual tracks, we identified six generalised tracks and 10 panbiogeographic nodes. Most of the generalised tracks were associated with the main Mexican mountains systems. Accordingly, panbiogeographic nodes were mainly located along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Most nodes coincided with previously recognised nodes in other taxa, and almost half were located within Natural Protected Areas. Based on our results, we suggest that future molecular studies are necessary in order to define with precision species limits, which together with regional species inventories in tropical areas will significantly improve our understanding of fungal distributions. An integrative discussion regarding conservation criteria, and how to integrate endemic species on conservation programs is also included.
Rediscovery of Tragopogon dshimilensis (Asteraceae), endemic to Turkey
Authors: COŞKUNÇELEBİ KAMİL , GÜLTEPE MUTLU , MAKBUL SERDAR
Published: August 2017

Tragopogon dshimilensis K. Koch is endemic to Turkey. This neglected species had been known from the original collection and was not included in the Flora of Turkey. Recently it was recollected from its type locality (A8 Rize: Cimil) and several adjacent localities. Based on two authentic specimens deposited at P and B, as well as new collections from Eastern Anatolia, an emended description and typification of T. dshimilensis are presented here, and its conservation status is also indicated.
A new species of Sauvagesia (Ochnaceae) from the northern Espinhaço Range, Brazil, and an emended description of Sauvagesia paganuccii

Authors: QUEIROZ-LIMA ADRIANA , AMORIM ANDRÉ M. , CARDOSO DOMINGOS B.O.S.
Published: August 2017

The new species Sauvagesia insolita (Ochnaceae) is described and illustrated from campo rupestre vegetation of Sete Passagens State Park, in the northeastern most portion of the Espinhaço Range in Bahia, Brazil. Sauvagesia insolita is morphologically similar to the recently described S. paganuccii, for which we also provide an emended description. These species share an unusual floral polymorphism, where some flowers of the same individual bear free, filamentous staminodes external to the corona-like fused staminodal whorl, which is a feature newly reported for Salvagesia subsect. Vellozianae. They differ mainly by the shape and size of the leaves and the number of flowers per inflorescence.
An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. I. Roundworms (Nematoda)
Authors: GUSAKOV VLADIMIR A. , GAGARIN VLADIMIR G.
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an annotated list of nematode taxa found in the course of investigations of meiobenthic communities in various freshwater bodies in central and southern Vietnam. Data on the structure and abundance of populations, ecology, and global and local distribution are given along with taxonomic and other comments. The occurrence and level of taxonomic richness of roundworms in the studied bodies of water and biotopes are discussed briefly. In total, 127 taxa of 10 orders and 38 families of nematodes are listed. The number of recorded genera is 60; 72 representatives of these genera are identified to species level. The listing includes 48 taxa that had not been previously recorded from Vietnamese territory and 17 species originally collected, analyzed, and described as new to science from this country. The results of these investigations and an overview of the previously published data indicate that taxonomic composition and diversity of Nematoda in Vietnamese freshwater habitats remain poorly studied, except for certain areas.
Emarginula poppeorum and Acteon fasuloi: replacement names for the reoccupied taxa Emarginula gigantea Poppe, 2008 and Acteon elongatus Castellanos, Rolán & Bartolotta, 1987 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: ROMANI LUIGI , ROLÁN EMILIO , SIMONE LUIZ R. L. , CROCETTA FABIO
Published: August 2017

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 2012: art 57.2), identical species-group names established for different nominal taxa, when originally combined with the same generic name, are primary homonyms. The junior name becomes therefore permanently invalid, except in few selected cases, which however are not met in the two species we will deal with below. The Principle of Priority requires that if a name in use for a taxon is found to be unavailable or invalid, it must be replaced by the next oldest available name from among its synonyms, including the names of the contained taxa of the same group (e.g., subgenera within genera), if that name is not itself invalid. If the rejected name has no potentially valid synonym a new substitute name must be established in its place (ICZN, 2012: art 23.3.5, art. 60). This is the case of two recently described extant molluscan taxa, whose specific names are preoccupied by homonymous fossil taxa.
Review of the genus Mohrigia Menzel (Diptera, Sciaridae) from China
Authors: XU JUN , SHI KAI , HUANG JUNHAO , WU HONG
Published: August 2017

The genus Mohrigia Menzel, 1995 from China is reviewed and 20 species are recognized. Among them, nine new species, M. angusta sp. nov., M. cylindrata sp. nov., M. inflata sp. nov., M. globulosa sp. nov., M. notolobos sp. nov., M. ovoidea sp. nov., M. scrobiculata sp. nov., M. subrhynchophysa sp. nov., M. truncatula sp. nov., are described with detailed illustrations, and one described species, M. hippai Menzel, 1995 is reported for the first time from China. Lycoriella longirostris Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1995 is recognized as new synonym of M. megalocornuta (Mohrig & Menzel, 1992). In addition, M. rhynchophysa (Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1993) and M. orthacantha (Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1993) are new combinations. The geographical distribution of the 20 Chinese species is provided, as well as a key to the 21 species of Mohrigia.
Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger, 1911, rev. comb. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), a neglected endemic species from Macaronesia, with comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis, and further notes on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: PELLIZZARI GIUSEPPINA , PORCELLI FRANCESCO
Published: August 2017

Cryptophyllaspis bornmuelleri (Lindinger) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an endemic plant-galling species from the Canary Islands, has been re-collected in Tenerife. The galls induced by this species on Globularia salicina leaves and the diaspidid adult female are redescribed and illustrated. Detailed study of the species has resulted in the combination Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger being revived, with C. bornmuelleri sunk as a junior synonym. Its taxonomic history, and comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis and the other species pertaining to it, are reported. Further data on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands are also presented.
A new species of the genus Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Atlantic rainforest, with an identification key to the species from South America south of the Amazon basin
Authors: VAZ-DE-MELLO FERNANDO Z. , SILVA FERNANDO A. B.
Published: August 2017

Scybalocanthon batesi sp. nov., from Bahia, Brazil is described based on external morphology. Its diagnostic characters are provided and illustrated. An identification key and new distributional data to the following non-Amazonian species from South America are provided, S. nigriceps (Harold, 1868), S. zischkai Martínez, 1949, S. korasakiae Silva, 2011 and S. batesi sp. nov.. A lectotype is designated for S. nigriceps.
Mechanical energy harvesting using polyurethane/lead zirconate titanate composites
Authors: Rjafallah Abdelkader , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Belhora Fouad , Guyomar Daniel , Seveyrat Laurence , El Otmani Rabie , Boughaleb Yahia
Published: August 2017

The microelectromechanical systems invade gradually the market with applications in many sectors of activity. Developing these micro-systems allows deploying wireless sensor networks that are useful to collect, process and transmit information from their environments without human intervention. In order to keep these micro-devices energetically autonomous without using batteries because they have a limited lifespan, an energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using electrostrictive polymers can be used. These polymers present best features against inorganic materials, as flexibility and low cost. The aims of this paper are manifold. First of all, we made elaboration of the polyurethane/lead zirconate titanate films of 100 µm thickness using a lead zirconate titanate–volume fraction of [Formula: see text]%. Therefore, we did an observation of the lead zirconate titanate grains dispersion and the electrical characterization of the polyurethane–50 vol% lead zirconate titanate composites. Finally, a detailed study of the electromechanical transduction, for the polyurethane–50 vol% lead zirconate titanate unpolarized and polarized composites sustained to the sinusoidal mechanical strain with amplitude of 1.5% and at very low frequencies ( f = 2 [Hz] and f = 4 [Hz]) and static electric field ( Edc = 10 [ V/µm]) or without it ( Edc = 0 [ V/µm]) has been presented.
Flow-induced deformation of unidirectional carbon fiber preform during the mold filling stage in liquid composite molding process
Authors: Seong Dong Gi , Kim Shino , Um Moon Kwang , Song Young Seok
Published: August 2017

Liquid composite molding has been developed as a high-speed process for manufacturing automotive lightweight parts using new equipment that applies a high pressure for mixing and injection. One of the technical issues is the deformation of fiber preform during the process, which causes defects in the size, mechanical properties and appearance of the final products. In this study, two types of deformation in unidirectional fiber preform during the mold filling process are investigated, which are rigid body deformation and local deformation. Three important forces, namely friction, in-mold stiffness of fiber preform and resin flow, are measured to investigate the mechanism of the fiber deformation. The magnitude of the forces was compared at an instant, which influenced the types of fiber deformation. The effects of the orientation angle and the volume fraction of fiber preform and flow rate were investigated to identify controllable factors to prevent undesired deformation during the process.
Language use and educational success: An empirical response to Joan Tough's the Development of Meaning’ (1977)
Authors: Wells Gordon
Published: August 2017

Tough's recently published research on children's use of language, which forms the basis for a large-scale curriculum project, sets out to demonstrate a strong relationship between complexity of language use and social class. This paper1 reports a partial replication of Tough's approach, based on data collected in the Bristol longitudinal study of language development. The main findings are that, using Tough's scheme for analysing language, there is no clear-cut relationship between language use and either social class or educational success after one year of schooling. The discrepancies between the results of the two studies are attributed to (a) the distortion introduced into Tough's study by the comparison of polarised social-class groups, and (b) the non-interactive conception of communication that underlies her analysis of language use. It is suggested that what differentiates children in their preparedness for school is the extent of their experience of ‘negotiation of meaning’ through language, and that such experience can be found in homes from all social classes.