bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal torque of nail interlocking screws is related to screw proximity to the fracture and screw breakage
Authors: White Alexander A , Kubacki Meghan R , Samona Jason , Telehowski Paul , Atkinson Patrick J
Published: April 2016

Studies have shown that titanium implants can be challenging to explant due to the material’s excellent biocompatibility and resulting osseointegration. Clinically, titanium alloy nail interlocking screws may require removal to dynamize a construct or revise the nail due to nonunion, infection, pain, or periprosthetic fracture. This study was designed to determine what variables influence the removal torque for titanium alloy interlocking screws. An intramedullary nail with four interlocking screws was used to stabilize a 1-cm segmental femoral defect in a canine model for 16 weeks. The animals were observed to be active following a several-day recovery after surgery. In six animals, the femora and implanted nail/screws were first tested to failure in torsion to simulate periprosthetic fracture of an implant after which the screws were then removed. In four additional animals, the screws were removed without mechanical testing. Both intraoperative insertional and extraction torques were recorded for all screws. Mechanical testing to failure broke 10/24 screws. On average, the intact screws required 70% of the insertional torque during removal while broken screws only required 16% of the insertional torque (p < 0.001). In addition, intact screws closer to the fracture required 2.8 times more removal torque than the outboard distal screw (p < 0.005). On average, the angle of rotation to peak torque was ∼80°. The peak axial load did not significantly correlate with the torque required to remove the screws. On average, the removal torque was lower than at the time of insertion, and less torque was required to remove broken screws and screws remote to the fracture. However, broken screws will require additional time to retrieve the remaining screw fragment. This study suggests that broken screws and screws in prematurely active patients will require less torque to remove.
Psychiatry training experiences: a narrative synthesis
Authors: Karageorge Aspasia , Llewellyn Anthony , Nash Louise , Maddocks Claire , Kaldelis Dimitra , Sandhu Harsimrat , Edwards James , Kelly Brian
Published: April 2016

Objective:

In Australia and internationally, psychiatry has struggled to fill training places to keep up with demand for service. The objective of this study was to review the components of psychiatry terms and placements that determine a positive experience and potentially influence interest in vocational training in psychiatry.

Method:

A literature review and narrative synthesis was undertaken on 20 papers identified as meeting inclusion criteria.

Results:

The top themes contributing to positive experiences during the psychiatry term were: receiving high quality supervision; supported autonomy; and witnessing patient recovery. There was a paucity of Australian literature preventing investigation of the Australian context alone.

Conclusions:

There is a need to better understand how the junior doctor and medical student psychiatry experience influences perceptions of psychiatry and intention to specialise, especially in the Australian context.
Culturally Responsive Evaluation Meets Systems-Oriented Evaluation
Authors: Thomas Veronica G. , Parsons Beverly A.
Published: April 2016

The authors of this article each bring a different theoretical background to their evaluation practice. The first author has a background of attention to culturally responsive evaluation (CRE), while the second author has a background of attention to systems theories and their application to evaluation. Both have had their own evolution of thinking and application of their respective conceptual traditions over the last 20+ years, influenced considerably by their involvement in the American Evaluation Association. They recently worked together to build evaluation capacity among evaluators of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education programs, in which they explored how these two conceptual and theoretical paths connect. In this article, the authors present their current thinking about the relationship between CRE and systems-oriented evaluation. In a case example, they illustrate the value of integrating the two perspectives to determine the guiding questions for an evaluation of a STEM education project.
Quantitative comparison of tribological performance of chromium- and zinc-phosphate-coated piston rings in tribotest rig
Authors: Özkan Doğuş , Kaleli Hakan , Yüksek Levent
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological performance of the zinc-phosphate- and chromium-coated spheroidal cast iron piston rings in reciprocating tribotest rig with conventional commercial lubricant. Results of the experiments showed that tribofilm was formed both on ring and liner surfaces. Zinc phosphate coating was removed from the ring surface after the experiments. Wear rate of liner-chromium-coated ring pair was lower than the liner-phosphate-coated ring. The friction coefficient of the liner-phosphate-coated ring pair ranged from 0.104 to 0.124, lower than the liner-chromium-coated ring, which ranged from 0.114 to 0.129. Change of average surface roughness was also lower in chromium-coated ring (31%) than the phosphate-coated ring (72%). Test results showed that hard chromium-coated ring had better tribological performance and coating efficiency than the phosphate-coated ring due to wear resistance and lower change of average surface roughness.
The use of telehealth services to facilitate audiological management for children: A scoping review and content analysis
Authors: Govender SM , Mars M
Published: April 2016

Approximately 32 million children globally present with disabling hearing loss. Despite evidence describing the negative consequences of hearing loss, there is still a lack of hearing screening programmes in South Africa. Audiologists have been exploring the use of information and communication technologies (tele-audiology) to provide services to children and it is currently being evaluated to determine its feasibility.

Aims

We aim to describe tele-audiology services conducted to facilitate audiological management for children in both the rural and urban context and to determine the strengths, challenges and clinical implications of such services.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted by searching for peer-reviewed publications from five databases. Inclusion criteria and search strategies were outlined.

Results

Of the 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria, reliability of automated testing was comparable to conventional testing; however, these studies were based primarily on screening programmes. Eight (35%) of the 23 papers were concordance studies evaluating feasibility and validity of tele-audiology systems when compared with conventional testing, while one study (4%) evaluated a tele-audiology service. A further four studies (17%) evaluated the feasibility of introducing telehealth methods to evaluate middle ear pathology. Tele-auditory brainstem response was investigated in three studies (13%) and another five (22%) used smartphone and/or iPad technology to screen hearing. Only two studies (9%) evaluated the feasibility of providing intervention through telehealth methods. All included studies demonstrated improved access to and coverage of rural areas. Services such as video otoscopy and synchronous (online) hearing testing in remote areas were successfully implemented. Challenges included lack of diagnostic studies, inadequate training of staff and the need to standardize protocols and procedures in order to ensure that tele-audiology services are provided in a standardized and valid manner.

Conclusion

Tele-audiology services are feasible and can be useful in identifying auditory pathology for children in rural and remote areas.
Yearnings for Guácharo Cave: affect, absence, and science in Venezuelan speleology
Authors: Pérez María A
Published: April 2016

As a member of Venezuela’s first national society of cave exploration and science (speleology), Ramón Alberto Hernández (1926–2009) participated in the exploration and survey of Venezuela’s famous Guácharo Cave in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Despite his key contributions to the knowledge of this cave and many others in the country, his contributions have received little attention. With an ethnographic account of his last visit to Guácharo Cave in 2008 as focus, this article offers a glimpse into Venezuela’s geographies of science at an important historical moment in the relation among individuals, the nation, science, and modernity. It does so from Hernández’s vantage point, as he yearns to reach a particular point inside of the cavern, a point where his life and the lives of other cave explorers who overshadowed his speleological contributions, the cavern, and my own history become entangled. Building on scholarship that emphasizes absence and hope as important aspects of experience, I focus on this yearning, this emergent, relational, and transformative capacity that animates and constitutes not just these entangled histories and identities but also beings and the cave itself. In the process, I illustrate the ways scientific knowledge and national modernity are co-produced. Beyond Hernández, beyond caves, this exploration reminds us of the need to (1) examine the ways affective attachments are formed in/with extraordinary places and (2) widen our understanding of materiality and presence to encompass absence. Finally, this work illustrates the centrality of yearnings in fieldwork and writing.
Educational discipline, ritual governing, and Chinese exemplary society: Why China’s curriculum reform remains a difficult task
Authors: Wu Jinting
Published: April 2016

This article explores the exam-oriented, ritualistic, and exemplary Chinese education system through a double-layered historical and ethnographic analysis. Firstly, I examine three aspects of the educational governing complex—exemplarity, ritual, and examination. Historically, education has been a key locus to craft exemplary subjects through rituals and imitation of models, and this is reinforced by exams to justify social hierarchy. The production of subjectivities in Chinese schools has never been too far removed from these aspects of exemplarity, ritual, and examination. Secondly, I offer an account of the contested “quality curriculum reform” in rural China. While the reform aims to foster creativity and criticizes the overemphasis on exams, classroom rituals, and exemplary icons, its implementation renormalizes the tripartite governing paradigm and produces a contradictory mix of subjectifying discourses in everyday school lives. The study shows that contemporary pedagogic discourse is still rooted in traditional elements, even if the reform aims to do away with, however partially, these elements. In the multi-layered field of Chinese education, pedagogical actors both abide by and react against the historical and contemporary visions of educational governing with hybrid subjectivities. The study sheds light on why China’s curriculum reform is far from an easy task.
Phase 2 Study of Acupuncture-Like Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Wong Raimond , Major Pierre , Sagar Stephen
Published: April 2016

A prospective phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of acupuncture-like transcutaneous nerve stimulation (ALTENS) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Eligible cancer patients had a < 2 ECOG performance score, received neurotoxic chemotherapy, and developed CIPN symptoms for > two months. Randomization was used to eliminate bias in patient selection for ALTENS and was not to compare the effectiveness between the two treatments.ALTENS treatments were delivered using Codetron units. Bilateral acupuncture points included LI4 and LIV3, plus LI11 or ST36 were stimulated. Acupuncture treatments were administered to CV6, SP6, ST6, LI11, Bafeng, Baxie and selective Jing points bilaterally. Twelve treatments were delivered twice weekly over 6 to 8 weeks. The Modified Total Neuropathy Score (mTNS), Numbness Score, and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Score (ESAS) were assessed at baseline, treatment completion, plus at 3 and 6 months follow-up. The primary study endpoint was mTNS score at 6 months. We planned to recruit 23 patients into each group. After 30 patients were recruited, 2 were lost to follow-up at 3 months in the ALTENS group and 3 in the acupuncture group. The research team decided to recruit all remaining consecutive patients only to the ALTENS group to ensure an adequate evaluation of ALTENS, the primary object of evaluation. There were 27 patients in the ALTENS group, with an average symptom duration of 10 months after chemotherapy. Twenty four and 23 patients completed the 3 and 6 month follow-up respectively. The median mTNS scores were 7.1, 4.0, 3.6 and 3.1 at baseline, treatment completion, 3 and 6 months follow-up, respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant improvement in mTNS scores (p<0.001) at 6 months. Numbness scores were also significantly improved at 6 months. ESAS pain scores and perception of well-being scores analyses were inconclusive. There were no significant reported side effects of ALTENS. There were only 13 patients in the acupuncture group and the number was insufficient for either an independent or a comparative analysis. The results of this study suggests that ALTENS significantly reduces the mTNS scores and numbness in patients suffering from CIPN symptoms.
A cell-permeant peptide corresponding to the cUBP domain of USP5 reverses inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Authors: Garcia-Caballero Agustin , Gadotti Vinicius M , Chen Lina , Zamponi Gerald W
Published: April 2016

Background

Cav3.2 T-type calcium currents in primary afferents are enhanced in various painful pathological conditions, whereas inhibiting Cav3.2 activity or expression offers a strategy for combating the development of pain hypersensitivity. We have shown that Cav3.2 channel surface density is strongly regulated by the ubiquitination machinery and we identified the deubiquitinase USP5 as a Cav3.2 channel interacting protein and regulator of its cell surface expression. We also reported that USP5 is upregulated in chronic pain conditions. Conversely, preventing its binding to the channel in vivo mediates analgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

Results

To identify which USP5 domain is responsible for the interaction, we used a series of USP5-derived peptides corresponding to different regions in nUBP, cUBP, UBA1, and UBA2 domains to outcompete full length USP5. We identified a stretch of amino acid residues within the cUBP domain of USP5 as responsible for binding to Cav3.2 calcium channels. Based on this information, we generated a TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide that could disrupt the Cav3.2/USP5 interaction in vitro and tested its physiological effect in well-established models of persistent inflammatory pain (CFA test) and chronic mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy in mice (partial sciatic nerve injury and the ( ob/ob) diabetic spontaneous neuropathic mice). Our results reveal that the TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by both Complete Freund’s Adjuvant and partial sciatic nerve injury, and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathic animals. In contrast, Cav3.2 null mice were not affected by the peptide in the partial sciatic nerve injury model. Cav3.2 calcium channel levels in diabetic mice were reduced following the administration of the TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a crucial region in the cUBP domain of USP5 that is important for substrate recognition and binding to the III-IV linker of Cav3.2 channels. Targeting the interaction of this region with the Cav3.2 channel can be exploited as the basis for therapeutic intervention into inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Neuronal cell lines as model dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Yin Kathleen , Baillie Gregory J , Vetter Irina
Published: April 2016

Background

Dorsal root ganglion neuron-derived immortal cell lines including ND7/23 and F-11 cells have been used extensively as in vitro model systems of native peripheral sensory neurons. However, while it is clear that some sensory neuron-specific receptors and ion channels are present in these cell lines, a systematic comparison of the molecular targets expressed by these cell lines with those expressed in intact peripheral neurons is lacking.

Results

In this study, we examined the expression of RNA transcripts in the human neuroblastoma-derived cell line, SH-SY5Y, and two dorsal root ganglion hybridoma cell lines, F-11 and ND7/23, using Illumina next-generation sequencing, and compared the results with native whole murine dorsal root ganglions. The gene expression profiles of these three cell lines did not resemble any specific defined dorsal root ganglion subclass. The cell lines lacked many markers for nociceptive sensory neurons, such as the Transient receptor potential V1 gene, but expressed markers for both myelinated and unmyelinated neurons. Global gene ontology analysis on whole dorsal root ganglions and cell lines showed similar enrichment of biological process terms across all samples.

Conclusions

This paper provides insights into the receptor repertoire expressed in common dorsal root ganglion neuron-derived cell lines compared with whole murine dorsal root ganglions, and illustrates the limits and potentials of these cell lines as tools for neuropharmacological exploration.
Leitkultur and discourse hegemonies: German mainstream media coverage on the integration debate between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Abadi David , d'Haenens Leen , Roe Keith , Koeman Joyce
Published: April 2016

This study analyzes the mainstream media coverage on Germany’s integration debate between 2009 and 2014, while detecting main debate actors, topics, discourses, key events and their relations to one another. Media representations of Muslims, integration, immigration, multiculturalism and creation of otherness are scrutinized, considering different political alignments of mainstream newspapers. Furthermore, the Sarrazin debate is contextualized within recent events such as right-wing populism and anti-Islamization movements. A quantitative content analysis revealed pragmatism and culturalism as the leading discourses in one-third of all left and right leaning newspapers, while integration, immigration and populist language in politics were the most discussed topics. Mainly, events and actors related to the Sarrazin debate were mentioned. We argue that the Sarrazin debate has encouraged a variety of actors to speak out in favor or against Muslims. Our findings suggest a personal network analysis combined with qualitative research, in order to identify more actors, ties and network alliances.
Requirements for Successful Adoption of a Glucose Measurement System Into a Hospital POC Program
Authors: Füzéry Anna K. , Cembrowski George S.
Published: April 2016

Widespread and successful implementation of any glucose measurement system in a hospital point-of-care (POC) program requires a number of features in addition to accurate and reliable analytical performance. Such features include, but are not limited to, a system’s glucose-hematocrit dependence, durability, information technology capabilities, and battery capacity and battery life. While the study of Ottiger et al in this issue supports the analytical accuracy and reliability of Bayer’s CONTOUR XT® blood glucose monitoring system, the suitability of other features of this system for a hospital POC program remains to be established.
Do Psychologically Adjusted Individuals Know What Other People Really Think About Them? The Link Between Psychological Adjustment and Meta-Accuracy
Authors: Carlson Erika N.
Published: April 2016

Do psychologically adjusted individuals know what other people think about them? Participants rated their own personality and levels of intrapersonal and interpersonal adjustment and also estimated how a new acquaintance and friends perceived them on core personality traits. These individuals rated the participant’s personality and friends described participants’ adjustment. Intrapersonally and interpersonally adjusted individuals were aware of the positive rather than the distinctive and potentially negative impressions they made, although people who were interpersonally adjusted (e.g., socially skilled) had insight into what made them distinctive in their friends’ eyes. Psychologically adjusted individuals also tended to overestimate their transparency, meaning they assumed others saw them as they saw themselves more so than others actually did. Interestingly, effects depended somewhat on who reported on adjustment, such that friend-reported adjustment was linked to accuracy, whereas self-reported adjustment was linked to transparency. Implications for the adaptiveness of accuracy are discussed.
An investigation of strategies used in alcohol brand marketing and alcohol-related health promotion on Facebook
Authors: Lim Megan SC , Hare James D , Carrotte Elise R , Dietze Paul M
Published: April 2016

Objective

Alcohol brands are incorporating social networking sites (SNS) into their marketing programmes. SNS are also being used to reduce alcohol consumption and harms by health promotion organisations. Marketing via SNS can attempt to influence consumers using a range of strategies from traditional marketing, social media, and behaviour change theory. This study systematically quantifies marketing strategies used by alcohol brands and health promoters on Facebook.

Methods

We identified the 10 most popular alcohol brands and health promotion organisations in Australia on Facebook and extracted all posts from April 2014. A framework was developed, listing 33 SNS marketing strategies. The frequency of use of each strategy in posts was counted for all profiles.

Results

The median number of fans of alcohol brands was 189,290 compared with 7562 for health promotion pages. A total of 210 Facebook posts were analysed. Popular marketing strategies included visual attraction, connecting with other organisations, and links to culture and events. Time-specific and day-specific posts and tweets were used more regularly by alcohol brands than health promotion agencies.

Conclusions

Alcohol brands remain substantially more popular than health promotion organisations, and this difference is likely driven by offline factors rather than specific use of marketing strategies. However, health promotion organisations can learn from the strategies used by popular brands, particularly in the use of time and day-specific content.
Adolescent Male Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
Authors: Nanagas Vivian C. , Stolfi Adrienne , Nanagas Maria T. , Eberhart Gregory M. , Alter Sherman J.
Published: April 2016

Objective. To determine male vaccination rates with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) before and after the October 2011 national recommendation to routinely immunize adolescent males. Methods. We reviewed HPV4 dose 1 (HPV4-1) uptake in 292 adolescent males in our urban clinic prior to national recommendations and followed-up for HPV4 series completion rates. After national recommendation, 248 urban clinic and 247 suburban clinic males were reviewed for HPV4-1 uptake. Factors associated with HPV4-1 refusal were determined with multiple logistic regression. Results. Of the initial 292 males, 78% received HPV4-1 and 38% received the 3-dose series. After recommendation, HPV4-1 uptake was 59% and 7% in urban and suburban clinics, respectively. Variables associated with HPV4-1 uptake/refusal included time period, race, type of insurance, and receipt of concurrent vaccines. Conclusions. HPV4-1 vaccination rates in our urban clinic were high before and after routine HPV vaccine recommendations for adolescent males. Our vaccination rates were much higher than in a suburban practice.
Common best proximity points results for new proximal C-contraction mappings
Authors: Lo’lo’ Parvaneh , Vaezpour Seiyed Mansour , Saadati Reza
Published: April 2016

We define a new version of proximal C-contraction and prove the existence and uniqueness of a common best proximity point for a pair of non-self functions. Then we apply our main results to get some fixed point theorems and we give an example to illustrate our results.
Leukocyte Ig-Like receptor B1 restrains dendritic cell function through increased expression of the NF-κB regulator ABIN1/TNIP1
Authors: Khanolkar Rahul C , Kalogeropoulos Michail , Lawrie Alistair , Roghanian Ali , Vickers Mark A , Young Neil T
Published: April 2016

Inhibitory receptors of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family are constitutively expressed on all myeloid cell types and regulate their functional activity. We demonstrate that ligation of the human leukocyte antigen class I-specific receptor LILRB1, during the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells in vitro, results in increased expression of the nuclear factor κB inhibitor protein ABIN1 (also known as TNIP1). Similarly increased expression of ABIN1/TNIP1 was observed in the “immunosuppressive” monocyte populations of patients with non–Hodgkin lymphoma ex vivo. Reducing expression of ABIN1/TNIP1 using small interfering ribonucleic acid allows dendritic cells and immunosuppressive monocytes to respond to stimulation by allowing nuclear factor κB translocation to the nucleus (P < 0.001), increasing cell surface expression of antigen presentation and costimulatory molecules (P < 0.01), increasing phagocytic capacity (P < 0.001), secreting proinflammatory cytokines (P < 0.01), and an increasing ability to stimulate T cell responses (P < 0.05). Our study, therefore, identifies an important functional role for ABIN1/TNIP1 in mediating the effects of LILRB1 ligation-induced inhibitory effects on immune responses. Our findings suggest that inhibiting the LILRB1-ABIN1/TNIP1 pathway in antigen-presenting cells could be a therapeutic approach to stimulate antitumor immune responses. Conversely, stimulation of the pathway may also ameliorate autoimmune diseases in which TNIP1 is a susceptibility gene.
Psychiatric wards in general hospitals - the opinions of psychiatrists employed there
Authors: Chojnowski Janusz , Załuska Maria
Published: April 2016

Cel

W literaturze światowej znajdujemy doniesienia o destabilizacji ekonomicznej i niepewnej przyszłości oddziałów psychiatrycznych w szpitalach ogólnych, związanej z nowymi zasadami finansowania świadczeń medycznych (managed care) . Celem pracy jest analiza piśmiennictwa na temat oddziałów psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych, oraz poznanie opinii lekarzy, zatrudnionych w tych oddziałach w Polsce, odnośnie modelu organizacyjnego i stabilności tych oddziałów.

Metoda

Ankietę z 18 pytaniami typu Likerta przesłano do 83 oddziałów w Polsce i zamieszczono na portalu internetowym „psychiatria.pl”,

Wyniki

ankietę wypełniło 50 psychiatrów pracujących w oddziałach psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych w 11 województwach. Przeważająca liczba respondentów pozytywnie oceniała: model organizacyjny oddziału, implikacje dla terapii płynące z jego lokalizacji w szpitalu wielospecjalistycznym i kontakty z lekarzami innych specjalności; natomiast negatywnie: warunki i stabilność miejsca pracy, sposób traktowania przez zarząd szpitala i zainteresowanie władz tego typu oddziałami. Większość 72% respondentów preferuje prace w systemie zintegrowanym stacjonarno ambulatoryjnym i postuluje (86% ankietowanych) zapewnienie trwałego miejsca tego typu oddziałom w systemie służby zdrowia.

Wnioski

Psychiatrzy pracujący w oddziałach psychiatrycznych w szpitalach ogólnych pozytywnie oceniają ten model organizacyjny, a zwłaszcza integracje świadczeń stacjonarnych i ambulatoryjnych, jednak destabilizacja sytuacji ekonomicznej tych oddziałów, o której donosi literatura światowa, znajduje odbicie także w wynikach ankiety przeprowadzonej w Polsce. Istnieje potrzeba opracowaniu standardów organizacji i finansowania oddziałów psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych zapewniających im stabilne miejsce w systemie ochrony zdrowia w Polsce.
The treatment of behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia
Authors: Lochhead Jeannie , Nelson Michele , Maguire Gerald
Published: April 2016

Behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia are becoming an increasingly common cause of morbidity in patients with dementia. Approximately 70% of individuals with dementia will experience agitation, and 75% will experience symptoms of psychosis such as delusions or hallucinations. The goal of this article is to review the pharmacologic treatment options for behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia. A literature review was conducted on PubMed/Medline using key words of “dementia” and “interventions.” The results were filtered for meta-analysis, clinical trials, and systematic reviews. The results were then reviewed. At this time, the most evidence exists for the use of a second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), but consideration should be given to their collective boxed warning of morbidity/mortality. The evidence for second line treatments are limited. There is limited evidence to support the use of first generation antipsychotics (FGAs), antidepressants, anticonvulsants, cognitive enhancers, and analgesics. Additional randomized control trials are needed to guide clinical decision making regarding the behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia.
Production of Low-Alcohol Fruit Beverages Through Fermentation of Pomegranate and Orange Juices with Kefir Grains
Authors: Kazakos Stavros , Mantzourani Ioanna , Nouska Chrysanthi , Alexopoulos Athanasios , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia , Bekatorou Argyro , Plessas Stavros , Varzakas Theodoros
Published: April 2016

Fermentation of pomegranate juice as single or mixed substrate with orange juice, without addition of extra nutrients, using kefir grains is proposed. Sugar consumption and ethanol production were monitored during fermentation, while the formation of lactic acid and the survival of lactic acid bacteria were determined during storage at 4 oC for 4 weeks. The results showed that addition of orange juice improved the ability of kefir grains to ferment pomegranate juice, and increased the survival rates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contained in kefir grains during storage. Specifically, 75% cells survived (6.48 log cfu/ml) after 4 weeks of storage in the fermented mixed substrate (24% in plain pomegranate juice). Lactic acid formation was observed in all products, especially in the mixed substrate (1.3-1.9 g/l), indicating metabolic activity during storage. In all cases a low decrease of pH was observed. The results show the possibility to produce low-alcoholic nutritious fruit beverages with potential antioxidant (due to pomegranate constituents) and probiotic properties (due to the probiotic species present in kefir grains). In addition sensorial tests that were conducted showed the consumers acceptance for all the fermented juices.
Challenges and Patterns of Complementary Feeding for Women in Employment: A Qualitative Study from Rural India
Authors: Zahiruddin Quazi , Gaidhane Abhay , Kogade Priti , Kawalkar Umesh , Khatib Nazli , Gaidhane Shilpa
Published: April 2016

Timely initiation of complementary feeding and pattern of complementary feeding is suboptimal in India. Women in employment faces challenges for following optimum Infant and Young Child Feeding practices, which have a significant impact on growth and development of child under 2 years of age. Objective was to study challenges faced by women in employment for complementary feeding and pattern of complementary feeding in rural area. Qualitative study was conducted in rural area of Wardha district, India. Six FGDs were conducted and participants (total 39) were women in employment having child between 6-23 months and community level service providers. Women in rural area resume work early, could not practice exclusive breast feeding for six months. They initiate complementary feeding early and had inadequate awareness regarding complementary feeding. Women initiate semisolid and soft food at 4-6 months, smashed solid food at 7-9 months. Women leave their babies at mercy of the elders or sometime neighbours when they are at work. Villages do not have child care facilities or creches. All these determinants compromises complementary feeding with regards to timely and adequacy, recommended dietary diversity, safe feeding. Challenges for practicing exclusive breast feeding for 6 month, early initiation and inadequate complementary feeding adversely affect growth and development of children in rural area which may have undesired long term implication on the cognitive development. Strengthening Anganwadi program in India with more focus on children under 2 years, community baby care rooms / creches services would be useful strategy for supporting the women in employment to practice the optimum IYCF recommendations. India needs a conducive workplace policies and adequate protection by law for women in employment.
Planned Staged Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms to Minimize Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Luozzo Gabriele Di , Wilderman Michael , Pawale Amit , McCullough Jock , Griepp Randall
Published: April 2016

Management of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAA) can lead to spinal cord injury. A variety of clinical adjuncts have proven to decrease the incidence of paraplegia; however, at least 10% patients remain at risk of developing paraplegia. Experimentally and in sporadic clinical experiences, the staged repair of TAAs can lead to better neurologic outcomes. We present two clinical cases with extensive TAA in which a deliberate staged repair leads to excellent neurologic outcomes.
Deep Crater in Heavily Calcified Aortic Valve Leaflet
Authors: Xu Sarah Chaoying , Canter Lisa , Zeeshan Ahmad , Elefteriades John
Published: April 2016

The association of severe calcific aortic stenosis with clinically significant stroke has not been well established. This case vividly describes the relationship with clinical and pathological (gross and microscopic) findings in a 62-year-old man with a severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve. Eleven months prior to aortic valve surgery, the patient had stigmata of cerebral embolic events in the absence of any other embolic source. During the aortic valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis, he was found to have a large atheroma on the aortic valve cusp with a crater containing friable debris in its center. These findings support the potential for embolic stroke in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. We recommend that the aortic valve be considered as an embolic source in patients with an otherwise cryptogenic cerebrovascular accident.
Can the Joint Council of Cosmetic Practitioners be truly independent?
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: April 2016

For many practitioners, the introduction of a new joint council for the aesthetics sector heralded a positive change for the industry's future. However, despite the clear recommendation from Health Education England that any new regulatory body is seen to be independent and inclusive, the majority of practitioners practising aesthetic medicine have been excluded, argues Yvonne Senior
Evaluating your CPD
Authors: Clay Bridget
Published: April 2016

Thomas Guskey's five levels for evaluating CPD provide a strong base to ensure your school's CPD offer is effective. Bridget Clay looks at how you might apply these principles in your school
Depicting the pain of others: Photographic representations of refugees in the Aegean Shores
Authors: Giannakopoulos Georgios
Published: April 2016

Europe faces a refugee crisis of historic proportions. Greece has yet again become the principal site of an ever-unfolding humanitarian calamity. The refugee crisis has brought to the Aegean shores a motley crew of humanitarian activists, journalists, artists and photographers offering relief and documenting the plight of suffering populations fleeing war and destruction. Appeals, reports and photographs circulate across the globe on a daily basis. Borrowing Susan Sontag’s well known dictum, the essay offers a commentary on some key aspects of the visual economy of the refugee crisis and registers some preliminary thoughts on the relation between the current moment and past visual vocabularies of suffering and displacement.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rosi Lina , Stamos Yannis
Published: April 2016

To Prosopo Tou Penthous: I Ilektra Tou Sofokli Sto Keimeno Kai Tin Parastasi/The Face of Mourning: Sophocles’s Electra Between the text and the stage, Eleni Papazoglou (2014) Athina: Polis, 456 pp., ISBN: 9789604354344, p/bk, €22

Darwin’s Footprint: Cultural Perspectives on Evolution in Greece (1880–1930S), Ceu Press Studies on the History of Medicine, Volume vi (SERIES ED. MARIUS TURDA), Maria Zarimis (2015) Budapest and New York: Central European University Press, 340 pp., ISBN: 9789633860779, h/bk, €45.00; ISBN: 9789633861004, p/bk, €27.00; ISSN: 20791119
From the subject of the crisis to the subject in crisis: Middle voice on Greek walls
Authors: Boletsi Maria
Published: April 2016

As a grammatical mode in which the subject remains inside the action, the middle voice has been said to unsettle binary distinctions between active/passive, or perpetrator/victim. This article revisits theorizations of the middle voice by Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Hayden White, Dominick LaCapra and others, and explores its potential in fostering alternative accounts of the contemporary Greek subject against the backdrop of popular discourses on the Greek ‘crisis’. The middle voice takes centre-stage in a currently popular Greek wall-writing featuring the word vasanizomai (‘I am in torment’) – a wall-writing that also plays an instrumental role in the recent novella by Sotiris Dimitriou Konta stin koilia/Close to the belly (2014). In the face of hegemonic discourses that narrativize the Greek crisis as krisis (judgement and distinction) between perpetrators and victims, vasanizomai signals a different kind of crisis: it unsettles dominant accounts of the Greek subject that either hold Greek people responsible for the crisis (e.g., the stereotype of the ‘lazy Greek’) or cast them as disempowered victims of a political system or of uncontrollable global forces. By enabling an agency grounded in the subject’s publicly shared vulnerability, vasanizomai de-centres the notion of the liberal ‘willing’ subject but also of the subject as fully determined by ideology. While a middle voice discourse harbours political pitfalls, the article lays out the conditions under which it could constitute a critical tool, able to accommodate voices of dispossessed individuals.
‘Materialist horror’ and the portrayal of middle-class fear in recent Brazilian film drama: Adrift (2009) and Neighbouring Sounds (2012)
Authors: Draper III Jack A.
Published: April 2016

The reference point of classic horror for today’s Latin American directors tends to be US horror of the post-war period, particularly the 1960s–1980s. Yet a clear trend among directors from the region is to reshape this rather fantastical generic influence into a tool to represent everyday class- race- and gender-based violence. Two films that stand out as examples of this trend are Adrift (Dhalia, 2009) and Neighbouring Sounds (Mendonça Filho, 2012). Mendonça’s film portrays a wide array of characters from different classes, races, generations and genders in Recife, while Dhalia’s film focuses on one family on vacation in the beach town of Búzios, but both frame their stories with a psychological-realist approach that I term ‘materialist horror’. This approach involves a framing of the genre within a dramatic narrative emphasizing not fantastical characters but the everyday, material reality of violence and unequal social relations deeply rooted in Latin American history. The films are also materialist in another sense. They materialize historical and affective processes in the quotidian bodily experiences, thoughts and dreams/nightmares of their middleand upper-class characters.
Efficacy of Low-Dose Tocilizumab on Relapsing Adult-Onset Still’s Disease
Authors: Vandemergel Xavier , Vandergheynst Frédéric
Published: April 2016

Still’s disease is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. First-line therapy is based on corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but the frequency of relapses and corticosteroid-induced adverse events are limiting factors. The efficacy of intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ) has been shown at a dose of 8 mg/kg but the corticosteroid-sparing effect of intravenous low-dose TCZ followed by subcutaneous (SC) injection in the course of the disease has been poorly investigated. We report the case of a 28-year old Caucasian woman presenting a relapse of Still’s disease eleven months after diagnosis under treatment with 6 mg of methylprednisolone. TCZ at a dose of 4 mg/kg every 2 weeks was combined with 32 mg of methylprednisolone, followed by 162 mg SC every 3 weeks. Evolution was rapidly favourable with a decrease in corticosteroid doses. We reviewed previously published cases.
Aqua Cycling Does Not Affect Recovery of Performance, Damage Markers, and Sensation of Pain
Authors: Wahl Patrick , Sanno Maximilian , Ellenberg Karoline , Frick Hosea , Böhm Ezra , Haiduck Björn , Goldmann Jan-Peter , Achtzehn Silvia , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Mester Joachim , Bloch Wilhelm
Published: April 2016

Wahl, P, Sanno, M, Ellenberg, K, Frick, H, Böhm, E, Haiduck, B, Goldmann, J-P, Achtzehn, S, Brüggemann, G-P, Mester, J, and Bloch, W. Aqua cycling does not affect recovery of performance, damage markers, and sensation of pain. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 162–170, 2017—To examine the effects of aqua cycling (AC) vs. passive recovery (P) on performance, markers of muscle damage, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and the persons perceived physical state (PEPS) after 300 countermovement jumps (CMJs). Twenty male participants completed 300 CMJs. Afterward, they were randomly assigned to either the P group or the AC group, the latter performing 30 minutes of AC. Before, directly after the 300 CMJs, after the recovery session, and up to 72 hours post, performance of leg extensor muscles, damage markers, the PEPS, and DOMS were measured. Jumping height during 300 CMJs significantly decreased in both groups (AC: 13.4% and P: 14.6%). Maximal isometric strength (AC: 21% and P: 22%) and dynamic fatigue test (AC: 35% and P: 39%) of leg extensor muscles showed significant decreases in both groups. Myoglobin, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased over time in both groups. Each of the 4 dimensions of the PEPS and DOMS showed significant changes over time. However, no significant differences between both groups were found for any of the parameters. Coaches and athletes should be aware that vertical jumping–induced fatigue decreases the ability to generate maximal isometric and submaximal dynamic force for more than 3 days after training. A single 30-minute session of AC was not able to attenuate the effects on muscular performance, markers of muscle damage, DOMS, or the PEPS compared with passive rest.
Walking Exercise Simultaneously Combined With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of Antagonists Resistance Improved Muscle Strength, Physical Function, and Knee Pain in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Study
Authors: Matsuse Hiroo , Hashida Ryuki , Takano Yoshio , Omoto Masayuki , Nago Takeshi , Bekki Masafumi , Shiba Naoto
Published: April 2016

Matsuse, H, Hashida, R, Takano, Y, Omoto, M, Nago, T, Bekki, M, and Shiba, N. Walking exercise simultaneously combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation of antagonists resistance improved muscle strength, physical function, and knee pain in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a single-arm study. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 171–180, 2017—A hybrid training system (HTS) was developed as a way to combine the application of electrical stimulation and voluntary contraction. Moreover, we developed a novel training method using HTS during walking (HTSW). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of HTSW on muscle strength, physical function, and knee pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Eleven subjects (age: 74.0 ± 8.5 years) participated and performed HTSW for 30 minutes 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Isokinetic knee extension/knee flexion torque, muscle volume, one-leg standing test (OST), functional reach test, 10-m maximum gait speed, timed up and go test, 6-minute walking test, knee pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Japan Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) were assessed. Knee extension torque significantly increased from 1.02 ± 0.29 N·m·kg−1 pretraining to 1.23 ± 0.33 N·m·kg−1 posttraining (P < 0.01, ES = 0.68). Knee flexion torque significantly increased from 0.65 ± 0.18 N·m·kg−1 pretraining to 0.78 ± 0.17 N·m·kg−1 posttraining (p < 0.01). Muscle volume significantly increased from 9.00 ± 2.84 mm pretraining to 10.37 ± 3.16 mm at the end of training (p ≤ 0.05). All the physical functions except OST were significantly improved. The JKOM score improved from 26.7 ± 18.30 pretraining to 17.2 ± 14.02 at the end of training (p < 0.01). The VAS score significantly decreased from 35.4 ± 22.59 pretraining to 16.5 ± 19.73 at the end of training (p ≤ 0.05). Hybrid training system during walking may be an effective training method for the treatment of people with KOA.
Quantifying Repetitive Transmission at Chemical Synapses: A Generative-Model Approach
Authors: Barri Alessandro , Wang Yun , Hansel David , Mongillo Gianluigi
Published: April 2016

The dependence of the synaptic responses on the history of activation and their large variability are both distinctive features of repetitive transmission at chemical synapses. Quantitative investigations have mostly focused on trial-averaged responses to characterize dynamic aspects of the transmission—thus disregarding variability—or on the fluctuations of the responses in steady conditions to characterize variability—thus disregarding dynamics. We present a statistically principled framework to quantify the dynamics of the probability distribution of synaptic responses under arbitrary patterns of activation. This is achieved by constructing a generative model of repetitive transmission, which includes an explicit description of the sources of stochasticity present in the process. The underlying parameters are then selected via an expectation-maximization algorithm that is exact for a large class of models of synaptic transmission, so as to maximize the likelihood of the observed responses. The method exploits the information contained in the correlation between responses to produce highly accurate estimates of both quantal and dynamic parameters from the same recordings. The method also provides important conceptual and technical advances over existing state-of-the-art techniques. In particular, the repetition of the same stimulation in identical conditions becomes unnecessary. This paves the way to the design of optimal protocols to estimate synaptic parameters, to the quantitative comparison of synaptic models over benchmark datasets, and, most importantly, to the study of repetitive transmission under physiologically relevant patterns of synaptic activation.
Androgen control of lipid metabolism in prostate cancer: novel insights and future applications
Authors: Butler Lisa M , Centenera Margaret M , Swinnen Johannes V
Published: April 2016

One of the most typical hallmarks of prostate cancer cells is their exquisite dependence on androgens, which is the basis of the widely applied androgen deprivation therapy. Among the variety of key cellular processes and functions that are regulated by androgens, lipid metabolism stands out by its complex regulation and its many intricate links with cancer cell biology. Here, we review our current knowledge on the links between androgens and lipid metabolism in prostate cancer, and highlight recent developments and insights into the links between key oncogenic stimuli and altered lipid synthesis and/or uptake that may hold significant potential for biomarker development and provide new vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention.