bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tannin-rich tree bark extracts inhibit the development of bacteria associated with bovine mastitis
Authors: Ucella-Filho João Gilberto Meza , Lorenço Mário Sérgio , Souza Elias Costa , da Costa Geraldo Márcio , Piccoli Roberta Hilsdorf , Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco , Mori Fábio Akira
Published: October 2022

Condensed tannins were quantified in the barks of selected tree species, and the antibacterial activity of these substances against clinical and subclinical isolates of bovine mastitis were evaluated. Tree barks from Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Anacardium occidentale, and Stryphnodendron adstringens were used, as well as commercial tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The tannins were extracted using a mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone. The moisture content (MC), Stiasny index (SI), total solids content (TSC), and condensed tannins (CT) were measured. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was determined by applying the disk diffusion test. The species that showed the highest CT were M. tenuiflora and A. occidentale, with 37.3% and 37.3%, respectively. The highest SI were obtained by the species A. occidentale and M. caesalpiniifolia, with values above 90%. The bacterium with the lowest resistance to the use of tannins was Streptococcus uberis. A. mearnsii was the only one capable of inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, with a mean inhibition halo of 9 mm. All species under study showed high values of condensed tannins in their barks. In addition to showing good performance as antimicrobial agents, these tannins indicated potential applications in the development of natural medicines for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
Distribución espaciotemporal de ocho especies de garzas (Ardeidae) durante la reproducción en Isla Pájaros, Oaxaca- Chiapas, México
Authors: Mera-Ortíz Ghelen , Enríquez Paula L. , Valle-Mora Javier Francisco , Palacios-Castro Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Las garzas que se reproducen en colonias presentan requerimientos ecológicos similares e intensifican sus relaciones interespecíficas. Sin embargo, estas especies pueden coexistir al segregarse temporal y espacialmente. Se estimó el número de nidos de ocho especies de garzas (Ardea alba, Egretta thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor, E. rufescens, Bubulcus ibis, Nycticorax nycticorax y Cochlearius cochlearius) durante la temporada reproductiva marzo a agosto de 2018 en Isla Pájaros, Laguna Mar Muerto, Oaxaca- Chiapas, México. Así mismo, se estimaron las abundancias de las parejas reproductoras, el patrón temporal y espacial de reproducción por especie, y se describió el sitio de anidación. Se contaron nidos en 96 parcelas y se midieron ocho variables ambientales. Se registraron 1018 nidos, donde B. ibis presentó el mayor número de parejas reproductoras (299), seguida por E. tricolor (213) y E. thula (142). Las especies menos abundantes fueron C. cochlearius (35) y E. caerulea (33). La distribución de los nidos en la isla varió espacial y temporalmente entre parcelas al igual que la composición de especies y la abundancia de nidos por parcela (P < 0,001). Se registró una distribución vertical en la construcción de los nidos de al menos tres especies, mientras que las cuatro garcitas de similar tamaño (E. thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor y B. ibis) anidaron juntas en las partes intermedias. Se registraron agrupaciones entre las especies y características de la vegetación. Los patrones de distribución espacial y temporal de estas especies permiten entender el uso de un recurso común durante la reproducción.
Estructura de un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano de Argentina
Authors: Nieva Cocilio Rodrigo Alfredo , Acosta Juan Carlos , Blanco Graciela Mirta , Piaggio Kokot Lia Elena
Published: October 2022

La abundancia como parámetro demográfico es un elemento importante de la dinámica poblacional, permitiendo hacer comparaciones espacio-temporales y evaluar estado de salud de las especies. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la estructura temporal de un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano en el centro-oeste de Argentina e identificar la influencia de factores climáticos sobre esos parámetros. Se realizaron 14 muestreos desde octubre de 2012 a febrero de 2015, agrupándose en estaciones seca y lluviosa. La abundancia de especies se analizó mediante: 1) abundancias medias, con análisis de varianza factorial y 2) proporciones, como frecuencias de ocurrencia, a partir de pruebas Chi cuadrado. Se realizó un análisis de redundancia relacionando la abundancia, estaciones, y variables ambientales. En ambas estaciones Rhinella arenarum arenarum fue la especie más abundante, seguida por Pleurodema tucumanum y Leptodactylus latrans. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia, entre estaciones y sexos, existiendo interacciones significativas entre estos factores. En la estación seca R. arenarum arenarum y L. latrans presentaron diferencias en las proporciones de sexos, mientras que en la estación lluviosa solo P. tucumanum exhibió diferentes frecuencias de ocurrencia entre machos y hembras. La temperatura mínima y las precipitaciones influyeron significativamente en la abundancia de P. tucumanum. No se encontraron influencias climáticas para las otras especies. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuyen a entender la estructura de ensamblajes de anuros del Chaco, sugiriendo que las poblaciones son fluctuantes en el tiempo y que pueden depender, en algunas especies, de factores abióticos como temperatura y precipitaciones.
Silvopastoral systems as an alternative for conservation of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a cattle landscape in Caucasia Colombia
Authors: Duque-Vélez Patricia , Olivera-Angel Martha , Wolff Marta
Published: October 2022

Silvopastoral systems (SPS) represent an alternative to the environmental impact and biodiversity decline caused by extensive livestock practices. We evaluate the transformation of a conventional pasture parcel into a SPS, and how it alters the diversity of dung beetles, fundamental organisms in these ecosystems. Transects with pitfall traps, baited with excrement were established in SPS, pasture, and forest ecosystems. Differences in the structure of communities were compared through Whittaker curves, the incidence of functional groups, and non-parametric multidimensional scaling. The completeness of the sampling was estimated and the magnitude of change in qD diversity of the SPS concerning pasture and forest ecosystem was calculated for each season. A total of 7446 beetles belonging to twelve genera, fifteen species, and seven morphospecies were collected. The SPS was the environment with the greatest diversity of qD and functional groups after the forest ecosystem. It was more diverse than pasture, 30 % to 50 % richer in species and 10 % to 50 % more diverse in 1D and 2D. It is concluded that the conversion of the conventional pastures to SPS led to changes in the composition and structure of the beetle community, making the SPS a more diverse environment than the pasture in all seasons including the dry one, when conditions are the most adverse. These results suggest that the implementation of SPS is an important measure to preserve and increase the diversity of forest dung beetles in the livestock areas of the country.
Diversidad taxonómica de Thomisidae (Araneae) en ambientes heterogéneos del sitio Ramsar Humedales Chaco, Argentina
Authors: Achitte-Schmutzler Helga Cecilia , Avalos Gilberto , Oscherov Elena Beatríz
Published: October 2022

El sitio Ramsar Humedales Chaco se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad ambiental y elevada diversidad de flora y fauna. Sin embargo, la fragmentación y homogeneización en estos ambientes tiende a afectar negativamente a taxones con baja abundancia o riqueza como los Thomisidae. En este trabajo se analiza la diversidad taxonómica de los ensambles de Thomisidae en ambientes con distintos grados de complejidad vegetal. Los muestreos se efectuaron durante los años 2013 a 2016 en pastizales, palmares, bosques abiertos y selvas de galería de siete localidades, mediante las técnicas de golpeteo de follaje, aspirado y observación directa. Se obtuvieron en total 464 individuos y 34 especies/morfoespecies pertenecientes a cinco subfamilias, siete tribus y diez géneros. Los ambientes boscosos mostraron baja diversidad taxonómica (Δ+) y altos valores de variación taxonómica (Λ+), ello refleja un árbol filogenético de Thomisidae poco uniforme debido a una sobrerrepresentación de Tmarus. La elevada riqueza de este género en los bosques sugiere que el mecanismo de ensamblaje del género posiblemente esté mediado por filtros ambientales, donde las condiciones bióticas favorecen la coexistencia de especies, los cuales les permiten sobrevivir en determinados hábitats. En los pastizales y palmares las especies estuvieron uniformemente representadas en el árbol filogenético. Los bosques degradados presentaron una estructura específica y taxonómica más cercana a los ambientes de pastizal y palmar. La inclusión de las relaciones filogenéticas en los análisis de diversidad podría ser clave a la hora de implementar planes de manejo y conservación.
Molt patterns and age and sex determination criteria for selected landbirds in an urban area of the Peruvian Central Coast
Authors: Díaz Alexis , Ayala Pamela , Valdiviezo Elizabeth , Mendoza Jorge , Silva Kathia , Rivas Rolf , Cornelio Dayanne , Guardia Fabiola , Tenorio Yaquelin , Calsina Rocío , Alvariño Lorena , Iannacone José
Published: October 2022

Despite molting is an important and expensive activity in the life cycle of birds, this process is poorly known for neotropical species and even less so for species inhabiting urban zones. We studied molt patterns, aging and sexing criteria, and morphometrics for seven common resident species in an urban area of ​​Lima city, Peru. All species evidenced complete prebasic molts. Partial to eccentric incomplete preformative molts were evidenced for six species (Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola, and Thraupis episcopus); whereas Columbina cruziana exhibited a complete molt. All thraupid species exhibited partial prealternate molts. Preformative and prebasic molts were recorded mostly during the dry season, and the few records of prealternate molts might suggest its occurrence soon after the wet season. Our species also exhibited low molt synchrony, with some of them (C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. flaveola) exhibiting extensive molt periods likely explained by its potential to reproduce throughout the year and/or the existence of suspended/ protracted molts. Morphometric analysis evidenced significant differences according to sex for C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. analis, with the wing chord being the most common characteristic for distinguishing between sexes. Our study covers an important gap in the knowledge of the natural history of urban birds and provides information to test hypotheses of molt pattern variation on species with widespread distribution throughout the Americas.
Diet of Acanthochelys spixii and Hydromedusa tectifera (Chelidae) in the southern Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Chaviel Bruna , Silveira Mascarenhas Carolina , Corrêa Fabiano , Costa Silveira Emily , Afonso Coimbra Marco Antônio , Müller Gertrud
Published: October 2022

Data about the diet of the freshwater turtles Acanthochelys spixii and Hydromedusa tectifera from southern Brazil populations remain little known.  In this context, the digestive tract of 21 A. spixii and 20 of H. tectifera individuals from three municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were examined. The food items were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level, quantified, and conserved in ethanol 70°GL. The frequency of occurrence (F %) and volume percentage (V %) were estimated, as well as the food importance index (IAi %). The range of the trophic niche and the feeding strategy of both species were analyzed. The diet of A. spixii and H. tectifera was compared through the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). Both species presented a generalist food strategy, consuming mainly insects, represented by Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, and Diptera. There was no significant difference in the volume of items consumed by both species (Mann-Whitney test, z =-0.387, P = 0.69). Concerning the trophic niche range, we observed low values for both species, it was of 0.41 for A. spixii and 0.39 for H. tectifera suggesting a more restricted diet with uniformity in food consumption, however, we highlight that a more restricted diet does not suggest a trophic specialization, because the availability of food items have variation in time and space. The study contributed information on the diet of species in the region, generating data that can be used in programs for the conservation of species and their habitats.
Male aggressiveness in the tree frog Dendropsophus branneri (Anura, Hylidae): Physical combat, fighting call, and escalated behavior
Authors: Aguiar Pedro Lopes , Souza Raphael Felipe , De Oliveira Eduardo Borges , Nali Renato Christensen
Published: October 2022

Herein we describe a male-male fight of the tree frog Dendropsophus branneri, as well as the vocalizations emitted during this behavior (fighting call). Our observations also suggest an escalated aggressive behavior for the species. These behaviors are poorly reported in the diverse genus Dendropsophus and will aid in future studies on anuran aggressiveness.
Combining Interval Time Series Forecasts. A First Step in a Long Way (Research Agenda)
Authors: Maté Carlos
Published: October 2022

We observe every day a world more complex, uncertain, and riskier than the world of yesterday. Consequently, having accurate forecasts in economics, finance, energy, health, tourism, and so on; is more critical than ever. Moreover, there is an increasing requirement to provide other types of forecasts beyond point ones such as interval forecasts. After more than 50 years of research, there are two consensuses, “combining forecasts reduces the final forecasting error” and “a simple average of several forecasts often outperforms complicated weighting schemes”, which was named “forecast combination puzzle (FCP)”. The introduction of intervalvalued time series (ITS) concepts and several forecasting methods has been proposed in different papers and gives answers to some big data challenges. Hence, one main issue is how to combine several forecasts obtained for one ITS. This paper proposes some combination schemes with a couple or various ITS forecasts. Some of them extend previous crisp combination schemes incorporating as a novelty the use of Theil’s U. The FCP under the ITS forecasts framework will be analyzed in the context of different accuracy measures and some guidelines will be provided. An agenda for future research in the field of combining forecasts obtained for ITS will be outlined.
Identidad personal y mundos cinematográficos distópicos
Authors: García-Noblejas Juan José
Published: October 2022

Hablar de identidad personal y mundos fílmicos supone hablar de la "referencia" en las ficciones y de la recepción y apropiación personal, no sólo intelectual, de esas ficciones. Este estudio considera la "refiguración" personal de las ficciones según la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, aludiendo a tres películas con mundos distópicos: Blade Runner, Brazil, y Truman Show. El autor entiende que cabe aceptar como "refiguración" un momento personal que implica dos cosas: la "comprensión" intelectual –técnica– de un texto, y la "aplicación" vital del sentido de ese texto por parte de una persona. Sabiendo que ambas operaciones deben articularse sin ser cronológicamente distintas.
La figura del productor de ficción en televisión
Authors: Diego-González Patricia
Published: October 2022

Esta investigación pretende poner de manifiesto la importancia que tiene la figura del Productor en la producción de ficción televisiva y específicamente en la realización de series de televisión en España. Se definen y se detallan las funciones de las diferentes figuras profesionales que integran los dos equipos de producción (cadena y productora) implicados en esta tarea. Se hace hincapié en el grado de participación de los dos productores de una serie de televisión, en la toma de decisiones que afectan a los diferentes aspectos de su producción y al reparto de responsabilidades que asumen las cadenas y las productoras independientes.
La diplomacia pública americana: lecciones para una comunicación internacional
Authors: La-Porte María Teresa
Published: October 2022

Las estrategias que proponen los EEUU para la reactivación de la diplomacia pública son seguidas con atención por el resto de los actores internacionales y determinan sus relaciones y la forma de presentarse ante una audiencia global. En cierta medida, configuran las prácticas de la comunicación política internacional. El caso de la “guerra de las ideas”, desarrollada de forma paralela a la “guerra contra el terror” posterior al 11/S, resulta de particular interés. El artículo describe las diversas estrategias que incluyen la campaña y propone vías de evaluación de su eficacia.
Coproducciones internacionales españolas: ¿estrategia financiera o expresión multicultural?
Authors: Pardo Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Desde hace medio siglo, las coproducciones internacionales son una fórmula habitual en las industrias cinematográficas europeas (40% de las películas producidas anualmente). Más allá de la mera cooperación, las coproducciones exigen un difícil equilibrio entre estrategia financiera e implicaciones multiculturales. Varios autores han propuesto tipologías de películas internacionales atendiendo a estos factores. Este artículo analiza un total de 251 coproducciones internacionales españolas realizadas durante el período 2000-05 y propone una nueva tipología con el ánimo de esclarecer la naturaleza híbrida de esta fórmula de cooperación y determinar hasta qué punto las coproducciones españolas descansan principalmente sobre estrategias económicas o reflejan más bien nexos multiculturales.
Identificación con los personajes y disfrute ante largometrajes de ficción. Una investigación empírica
Authors: Igartua Juan José , Múñiz Carlos
Published: October 2022

La investigación sobre entretenimiento mediático ha teorizado que uno de los principales factores explicativos del disfrute de los formatos narrativos es la identificación con los personajes. Sin embargo es escasa la investigación empírica al respecto. Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa en la que se entrevistó a 300 sujetos, a la salida de las salas de cine en las que se exhibían los largometrajes Mar adentro, El lobo y Bridget Jones: sobreviviré. Los resultados indican que la identificación con los personajes era el primer factor explicativo del disfrute, especialmente entre los espectadores de Mar adentro.
Cine y política de oposición en la producciónestadounidense tras el 11-S
Authors: Huerta Floriano Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2022

Los atentados terroristas del 11 de septiembre de 2001 provocaron, entre otras consecuencias, la agitación de la industria cinematográfica estadounidense y el desarrollo de una postura crítica respecto a las decisiones que la administración Bush ha adoptado como respuesta. El activismo ideológico protagonizado por los sectores más liberales de Hollywood se ha visto acompañado en los últimos años de un puñado de filmes que asumen una oposición militante a las tesis gubernamentales: el documental de denuncia, las ficciones políticas y la lectura que el cine bélico hace de la Guerra de Irak son los territorios más representativos de esa línea ideológica.
Teorías y procedimientos de educación moral en ética y deontología de la comunicación
Authors: Linde-Navas Antonio
Published: October 2022

Se presenta en este artículo un panorama de diversas teorías y medios de educación moral, así como algunos ejemplos prácticos, para su aplicación en la enseñanza de la ética y deontología de la comunicación: enfoque cognitivo-evolutivo y procedimiento de discusión de dilemas morales de la propia actividad periodística; teorías y medios que dan prioridad a las ideas y conocimientos para el correcto comportamiento; medios para el desarrollo de hábitos virtuosos; y procedimientos para desarrollar la empatía y las disposiciones afectivas. El objetivo es potenciar una educación moral integradora de los futuros periodistas.
El mercado de producción independiente en España ante la aparición de Cuatro y laSexta
Authors: Fernández-Quijada David
Published: October 2022

La aparición en el mercado televisivo analógico de las nuevas ofertas de Cuatro y laSexta no sólo ha modificado el equilibrio entre cadenas sino que también se ha hecho notar en el ámbito de la producción independiente. El presente artículo cuantifica este impacto comparando la última temporada sin su presencia y la de su debut, trazando los patrones de aprovisionamiento de producción independiente detectados en el mercado español. El texto concluye que la aparición de estos dos canales influyó en el incremento del volumen de producción independiente pero no alteró de forma significativa las cuotas de mercado de las diferentes productoras
Auge y caída de Soitu, un ejemplo de medio nativo digital en España
Authors: Gonzalez José Luis
Published: October 2022

Durante el bienio 2007-2009 ha tenido lugar en España una profunda transformación en el mercado y estructura de los medios. En este sentido cabe destacar la irrupción de los medios nativos digitales que intentan hacerse un hueco en un mercado todavía dominado por las ediciones digitales de los medios tradicionales. Este trabajo se ocupa del estudio y análisis de una iniciativa de ámbito estatal como es el caso de Soitu que por sus planteamientos innovadores, y pese a su corta existencia de apenas dos años de vida, ha supuesto un antes y un después en el ámbito de los medios nativos digitales españoles.
Redefining Regional Public Radio in Spain: Challenges of the Public Radio of the Autonomous Regions (1982-2007)
Authors: Amoedo-Casais Avelino
Published: October 2022

Since 1982, thirteen of the seventeen Autonomous Regions of Spain have developed their own public radio and television channels. The autonomous public radio stations were justified with criteria and arguments based on proximity and cultural identity. However, the current social and media environments are quite different from those prevailing in 1982. In the context of a reconsideration of the public service concept throughout Europe, this paper analyzes the current conditions of regional public radio in Spain, where more than 40% of the total number of radio stations is controlled by the public radio sector: more than 2,500 out a total of 6,000. In short, regional public radio in Spain might be an alternative to commercial radio and to national public radio, with the potential to undertake new projects in relation to society.
Communication Policies and the Protection of Pluralism in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Bas Juan José , Segovia Ana I. , Llorens Carles , Almirón Núria , Grau Helena P. , Suárez Candel Roberto
Published: October 2022

This article describes and analyses the regulatory frameworks and the current pluralism protection policies in the United States and several countries of the European Union (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain). The data obtained allowed a qualitative assessment to be carried out, through a comparative analysis, in order to identify certain similarities and some significant differences. Thus, it was found that pluralism protection is a common denominator in the communication policies of these countries. However, regulatory and legislative differences depend on social, geographical and media contexts, and time variations in the application of policies depend on audiovisual media market liberalisation processes.
Análisis de contenido de los cibermedios generalistas españoles. Características y adscripción temática de las noticias principales de portada
Authors: Odriozola-Chéné Javier
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es describir la agenda temática de una serie de cibermedios españoles generalistas. Así, por medio de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo, se estudia qué temas son los más relevantes dentro de las principales noticias de portada de los medios analizados, en función de determinados aspectos: la autoría, el ámbito geográfico, las fuentes informativas o el desarrollo de las informaciones en la portada. Además, este trabajo permite establecer las características básicas de las noticias principales de portada. El artículo se enmarca dentro del proyecto del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: “Evolución de los cibermedios españoles en el marco de la convergencia: análisis del mensaje” (CSO2009-13713-C05-04 –subprograma SOCI–).
Tres décadas de investigación sobre publicidad en España. Análisis de las revistas científicas de comunicación (1980-2013)
Authors: Baladrón-Pazos Antonio J. , Correyero-Ruiz Beatriz , Manchado-Pérez Benjamín
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se recogen los principales resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo para conocer la investigación sobre publicidad publicada durante los últimos treinta años en las revistas científicas de comunicación españolas. Se vaciaron los números de los años 1980 a 2013, ambos incluidos, de 53 cabeceras y la muestra de análisis se compuso de 853 artículos. Se caracteriza formal y temáticamente esta producción científica y se profundiza en los autores e instituciones de origen de la misma. Los resultados ayudan a un mejor conocimiento de la investigación sobre publicidad realizada en España durante las tres últimas décadas.
Family context, television and perceived values. A cross-cultural study with adolescents
Authors: Aierbe Ana , Orozco Guillermo , Medrano Concepción
Published: October 2022

In this study, the general aim was to determine the relationship existing between family context, the values perceived by adolescents in their favorite television characters and the number of hours spent in front of the television set. Participants were 1.238 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 (545 boys and 676 girls) from different Latin American, Spanish and Irish cities. The CH-TV02 and Val-TV02 questionnaires were used. The results reveal that, in general, adolescents tend to perceive collectivist values more than individualistic ones, in relation to both parental mediation and family climate, although Latin American adolescents tend to perceive more conservative values and a greater degree of restriction in relation to their parents. The results are interesting since they lay the groundwork for designing media skills programs specially adapted to the adolescent developmental stage and contextual characteristics.
The framing of China on Spanish television
Authors: Rodríguez-Wangüemert Carmen , Rodríguez-Breijo Vanessa , Pestano-Rodríguez José-Manuel
Published: October 2022

The media participates in the creation and reinforcement of mental models, through which people interpret social realities, especially those that are distant and unknown. News making involves the use of certain frames that highlight some aspects of the information and downplay or silence other elements. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyse how China is portrayed on the Spanish news, and identify the organising ideas and value judgments that are used in the frames used in this process. Based on the application of the content analysis technique, the results show that the portrayal of China, its institutions and citizens, on television is carried out through four main frames: “Capacity, potential, development;” “Gloom, shadow and darkness;” “Dangerous environment” and “Exotic organisation.” From the Western perspective, Chinese economic growth is accepted, but at the same time China is presented as a problematic country in which natural disasters, accidents, and criminal acts abound, highlighting its systemic political deficiencies and systemic deficiencies. This mostly negative image of China does not correspond with its current and historical relationship with Spain, nor with the relevant position that this emerging power has reached on a global scale.
“They don’t trust us; they don’t care if we’re attacked”: trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism
Authors: González-Macías Rubén-Arnoldo , Reyna-García Víctor-Hugo
Published: October 2022

Drawing from 93 semi-structured, in-person interviews with journalists from 23 states, this article analyzes the relation between trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism. It focuses on how Mexican journalists perceive and experience public trust placed in them as social actors, and how it influences their willingness or reluctance to assume the risks associated with reporting on corruption and drug-trafficking in a country marked by anti-press violence. The findings challenge previous studies as they show that journalists from all regions of the country –even in the so-called safe states– are fearful, even when they have not been victims of threats, beatings or kidnappings. Also, it explains that the connection between institutions and journalism makes news workers feel unprotected and unaccompanied. As a result, they accept self-censorship and even express a willingness to resign. Thus, this article surpasses the social, spatial and temporal delimitations of risk, by arguing that distrust in journalists increases the dangers they face.
Suárez and Calvo-Sotelo on the small screen: a compared study of the television leadership during the democratic Transition in Spain (1976-1982)
Authors: Pelaz-López José-Vidal , Martín-Jiménez Virginia
Published: October 2022

Between 1976 and 1982, Spain lived an intense political and media context in the process of transition to democracy. During this period, video-politics broke out and it influenced the way politics were conducted and the leadership of politicians. Throughout those years, two presidents led the process of change: Adolfo Suárez and Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo. Two different leaders: in their way of “doing politics” and in the way in which they used television to connect with society. This paper offers an analysis of, firstly, how both politicians understood their relationship with public television (TVE) and, secondly, what formats they used and the discourse of the television broadcasts that they starred in. To answer these questions, we conducted a thorough review of the existing literature on the topic, the published testimonies of protagonists, the Calvo-Sotelo archive, a content analysis of Televisión Española’s archives and the press published during Transition. The findings of this study clearly indicate that TVE marked the evolution of both presidents who, from the beginning, put in place different strategies to match their work from the Executive using public television. On the other hand, the shadow of Suarez and the way in which he had used television during the Transition, did not abandon Calvo-Sotelo whose decisions of media leadership were always aimed at countering the weight of the Suárez’s legacy.
A review of scene and sequence concepts
Authors: Figuero-Espadas Javier
Published: October 2022

This research aims to review the concepts of scenes and sequences from the teachings of masters in screenwriting. This objective stems from a descriptive methodological perspective: we propose to study some elements of the communication process of cinema and television narrative through scenes and sequences, defining both concepts and applying these notions to a particular audiovisual text through case analysis. Analysis will confirm that experts refer to the term scene for different realities, generating confusion among audiovisual narrative scholars. We propose a distinction of the term scene into two different concepts: the scene and the narrative scene, which, in fact, are two different parts. As far as the sequence notion is concerned, there is enough consensus regarding its constitutive nature, although there are interesting nuances among authors, some of whom emphasize the relevance of the central conflict, whilst others emphasize the completeness of the event in the sequence. Employing the case method, the theoretical notions studied here are applied to a Pilot episode of Breaking Bad, in order to contribute to the elucidation of the concepts, the object of this investigation, and verify the coherence of the proposal.
Noticiari de Barcelona (1977-1980): The Institutionalisation of Protest in the Cinema of Spain’s Transition to Democracy
Authors: Nieto-Ferrando Jorge
Published: October 2022

The films produced during the political transition to democracy in Spain continue to capture the interest of film analysts and historians. However, beyond the realm of fiction films, there are still many areas that have received little attention, such as the attempts to develop newsreels for cinemas once the monopoly of the Francoist No-Do newsreels had ended. This study focuses on the Noticiari de Barcelona newsreel series produced between 1977 and 1980, specifically analysing its content and its discourse. The importance of this newsreel series lies in three main factors: because it constituted one of the first steps towards the development of a Catalan film industry after the end of the dictatorship (in the midst of a debate in Spain over the need to establish autonomous film industries for each of the country’s different regions); because of the attempt it constituted to establish a local audiovisual news product in clear opposition to the No-Do newsreels; and because of its adoption of some of the themes, discursive strategies and objectives attributed to many of the independent political films of the period. All of these factors determined the content and discourse of the newsreels, and gave them an orientation that was more persuasive than strictly informative.
Politainment in the transmedia construction of the image of politicians
Authors: Durántez-Stolle Patricia , Martínez-Sanz Raquel
Published: October 2022

This article explores the application of the concept of transmedia narrative to the construction of the public image of political figures, in a media context characterised by the prevalence of infotainment and the dissolution of the boundaries of political content. To attain this objective, a case-study on a specific leader is carried out; he is a regional leader recognised at a national level thanks to his discursive strategy: president of Cantabria, Miguel Ángel Revilla, chosen for his role as a regular guest on T.V shows of all kinds, as well as for having become the third most followed Spanish politician on social networks. Through content analysis, we examine the character’s own performance on different media (television, social networks and an autobiographical book) along with the reactions provoked among the cybernauts. The results show a multiplatform narrative adapted to the specific formal language of each of those media and formats, constantly maintaining the application of politainment features (personalisation, entertainment, emotiveness and trivialisation of the issues). Regarding the effects, there is a high level of involvement and a love-hate dichotomy among the public, as proved in social networks. Consequently, in the transmedia political narrative (TPN) the users co-create the resulting image of the politician who is finally perceived by the audience. In addition, the success of Revilla’s communication strategy is verified via ensuring that the self-assigned values in his speech, such as leadership and closeness to the people, match those that the audience identify with his figure.
Depicting #fatherhood involvement on Instagram: Caregiving, affection, and stimulation
Authors: Diniz Eva , Sepúlveda Rita
Published: October 2022

This article aims to analyze how fatherhood is performed on Instagram by examining the domains of involvement. Parental roles and behaviors have changed in the last years and are currently a relevant social and scientific topic. The way that fatherhood is performed is also a frequent subject on social media, spreading the ideal of a new fatherhood and portraying the father as committed to childcare duties. The hashtag “fatherhood” was used to identify posts on Instagram representing father involvement. A final sample of 121 posts was identified. Results depicted three main domains in fatherhood’s online representations of involvement: (1) child caregiving; (2) fathers as a source of the child’s affection; and (3) fathers involved in play, committed to the child’s interests and offering new opportunities of stimulation. The display of fatherhood as a role requiring dedication and effort also emerged, but to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, only positive emotions were shared, depicting pleasure in the performed role, and communicating an ideal and self-enhancing profile. Moreover, posts seemed to disseminate an ideal of fatherhood rather than raise questions or discuss the challenges related to it. Findings uncover how media social representations of fatherhood are still an unfinished process, failing to capture diversity and challenges in contemporary families.
Promoting Health Brands through Social Media. A Quantitative Analysis about the World’s Best Cancer Hospitals
Authors: Medina-Aguerrebere Pablo , Medina Eva , González-Pacanowski Toni
Published: October 2022

Cancer hospitals enforce different initiatives to accelerate digital transformation, such as mobile health or artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, some health professionals are not willing to adopt these technologies. In order to change some employees’ perspectives, these hospitals resort to social media platforms. This paper aims to evaluate how the worlds’ best cancer hospitals manage social media platforms, as well as their corporate website, with the aim of disseminating brand-related content and reinforce their reputation. Therefore, we reviewed literature on cancer hospitals’ corporate communication strategies, brand, social media platforms and online patient communities. We then resorted to 48 quantitative indicators to analyze how the 200 best cancer hospitals in the world managed Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, as well as their corporate website, for branding purposes. In order to identify the 200 best hospitals, we explored the World’s Best Specialized Hospitals 2021, an annual ranking published by Newsweek and Statista. The 48 indicators covered different elements concerning the hospitals’ identity and communication activities, as well as patient engagement on social media platforms. Our quantitative analysis proved that most cancer hospitals had a corporate website (70.5%) as well as a profile on Facebook (74%), Twitter (74.5%) and YouTube (67.5%). Nevertheless, most of them did not respect the 48 key performance indicators. Finally, we proposed three main conclusions: a) cancer hospitals should establish a Corporate Communication Department employing different experts in communication, health and big data; b) they should promote an integrated corporate communication approach; and c) they should implement brand ambassador programmes.
La mujer en el ordenamiento canónico medieval (ss. XII-XV)
Authors: Bañares Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2022

From the 12th to the 15th centuries, women were better considered in Canon Law than in Civil Law. The Church accepted the way of thinking and the civil laws of the period, but defended the basic content of Natural Law concerning the dignity of the womanhood.
Actuar por una razón
Authors: Korsgaard Christine M.
Published: October 2022

What do we mean when we say we act "for a reason"? What is the connection between Reason, as a faculty, and the reasons of our actions? This article maintains that Aristotle and Kant had a similar answer to this question. Moreover: the answer they give can help us to clarify the controversy between moral realism and empiricism regarding the ontological and epistemological status of what we call the reason of an action.
¿Cómo y cuándo podemos aferrarnos a nuestras certezas?
Authors: Ariso José María
Published: October 2022

Según señaló Ludwig Wittgenstein en Sobre la certeza, podríamos imaginar acontecimientos tan extraños que ni siquiera tuvieran cabida en nuestros juegos de lenguaje. En este artículo analizaremos las distintas consecuencias de estos hechos, prestando especial atención a la posibilidad de decidir aferrarnos a nuestras propias certezas. Concretamente, detallaremos en qué circunstancias podemos tomar tal decisión.
El intelecto agente en Pietro Pomponazzi: un análisis de su presencia en el "Tractatus de immortalitate animae" y en la "Apologia"
Authors: García Valverde José Manuel
Published: October 2022

El noûs poie-tikós de Aristóteles ha sido objeto de innumerables estudios y debates a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía. Este artículo trata sobre la visión que de él tiene el aristotélico renacentista P. Pomponazzi, célebre, entre otras cosas, por suscitar una agria polémica con su tesis de que la razón natural no ofrece argumentos que puedan sostener la inmortalidad del alma. Esta tesis tiene que dar respuesta, sin embargo, a aquellos textos aristotélicos que hablan de la inmaterialidad e inmortalidad del intelecto. El autor estudia esta respuesta de Pomponazzi en el contexto de los elementos más importantes de su psicología.
Francisco Suárez: la natura, la grazia e la causa della libertà
Authors: Esposito Costantino
Published: October 2022

El opúsculo teológico De concursu et effi caci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necesario escrito por Suárez en Coimbra en 1599 en el contexto de la polémica de auxiliis es un ejemplo paradigmático de la concepción filosófico-teológica que Suárez tiene de la causalidad. Según esta concepción se conjuga la causa como necesidad de la acción eficiente de la naturaleza, la causa como acción voluntaria de la libertad y la causa como ayuda eficaz de la acción de la gracia divina sobre la voluntad libre del hombre. Este opúsculo se pone en relación con la doctrina de la disputación XIX, escrita tres años antes en Salamanca. Mediante esta comparación se concluye que la gracia no determina el acto de la voluntad sino que lo posibilita constituyendo así la raíz misma de la libertad.
Límites y alcance de la beatitud natural en el "De fine ultimo hominis" de Francisco Suárez
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Paula
Published: October 2022

Este artículo analiza la doctrina de Francisco Suárez sobre la capacidad que la naturaleza humana posee de obtener su fin último, sea natural o sobrenatural. Como comentador de la Suma de Teologia de Tomás de Aquino, Suárez recibe como herencia la discusión —particularmente intensa desde el siglo XIV y originada en las distintas interpretaciones de los teólogos sobre la doctrina tomista al respecto— sobre si hay o no en la naturaleza humana alguna capacidad para alcanzar el fi n último sobrenatural. Aquí se analiza el modo en que Suárez se plantea el problema de la posibilidad humana de alcanzar la felicidad natural y sobrenatural y, con base en su concepto de natura pura, se evidencia su posición en el supradicho debate.
Dos aproximaciones a la noción de infinito en Levinas
Authors: Medina Jorge
Published: October 2022

En el presente escrito intentaremos mostrar cómo dos nociones fundamentales en la ética de Emmanuel Levinas, a saber, la idea de Dios y la responsabilidad, pueden comprenderse, respectivamente, como el infi nito actual y el infi nito potencial, según la distinción clásica sugerida por Aristóteles. Además, haremos ver que ambos infi nitos sí pueden existir (cosa que la metafísica clásica no admitía), siempre y cuando se comprendan desde una ética de la alteridad.
La indecidible circulación de los fantasmas. Derrida y el fundamento místico del aceleracionismo cibernético
Authors: León-Casero Jorge
Published: October 2022

Allí donde Lacan afirmaba que la carta (mensaje, Ley) siempre llega, Derrida defiende la necesidad de su diseminación por el simple hecho de la iterabilidad del significante. Sus lecturas de Pascal, Baudelaire y Lacan son reflexiones sobre la imposibilidad de cerrar el círculo (fundamento místico) de la autoridad sociosimbólica. Este artículo utiliza esas lecturas para dar cuenta de las limitaciones gnoseológicas, basadas en la filosofía hegeliano-lacaniana desarrollada por Slavoj Žižek, de la hiperstición aceleracionista.
Evaluation of alternative body mass index (BMI) metrics to monitor weight status in children and adolescents with extremely high BMI using CDC BMI-for-age growth charts
Authors: Hales Craig M. , Freedman David , Akinbami Lara , Wei Rong , Ogden Cynthia
Published: October 2022

This report evaluates eight alternative BMI metrics for monitoring weight status in children and adolescents with extremely high BMI.
Zasada wolności religijnej w Deklaracji o wolności religijnej Dignitatis humanae Soboru Watykańskiego II
Authors: Wąsik Lucyna
Published: October 2022

Temat wolności religijnej, żywo dyskutowany podczas Soboru Watykańskiego II, doczekał się w trakcie jego obrad samodzielnego dokumentu w postaci Deklaracji o wolności religijnej Dignitatis humanae. Soborowa koncepcja wolności religijnej została oparta na fundamencie godności osoby ludzkiej poznawanej poprzez rozum i objawienie. Prezentacja tej koncepcji obejmuje podmiot wolności religijnej, którym jest każdy człowiek, działający indywidualnie i wspólnie z innymi, uzewnętrzniający swoje przekonania religijne. W konsekwencji prowadzi to do powstania konkretnych relacji międzyosobowych, które stają się przestrzenią realizowania praw i obowiązków wynikających z prawa do wolności religijnej.
Zastosowanie marketingu relacji w duszpasterstwie
Authors: Lipiec Dariusz
Published: October 2022

Relationship marketing consists in building long-term customer relationships in order to provide the customer with certain values. It aims to satisfy the customer’s needs and expectations as well as creating and fostering his satisfaction. Although the Church is not an organization which provides certain products or services, she can make use of relationship marketing mechanisms in her ministry. Pastoral care uses the segmentation of “customers” — the addressees of the Church’s ministry, on the basis of their needs and their religious conditions. Marketing sciences indicate four stages of relationship marketing: formation, management, evaluation of results and evolution. All of these are used in Catholic pastoral care.
Causes of shortness of breath in patients with stable coronary heart disease
Authors: Yarmedova S. F. , Yavelov I. S. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2022

Shortness of breath is a common debilitating and limiting the quality of life symptom, which leads to frequent requests for medical help. The review summarizes data on the causes of shortness of breath in stable patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD), with an established diagnosis of CHD, as well as in patients with other cardiovascular diseases. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and eLibrary search platforms were used for the selection of publications, the review includes publications from 2009 to 2021. Patients with suspected coronary artery disease complaining of shortness of breath, in addition to myocardial ischemia, not always associated with stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. The following causes of shortness of breath are described: bronchial obstruction, psychogenic hyperventilation, and depression. When studying patients with other cardiovascular diseases, the causes of shortness of breath turned out to be even more diverse: transient myocardial ischemia (including in cases where the cause of shortness of breath initially appears to be non-ischemic), chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, pathology of the heart valves, thyroid dysfunction, lung diseases, obesity, anemia, etc. Thus, despite the limited evidence, it is obvious that in the presence of paroxysmal dyspnea in patients with stable coronary heart disease, its causes are more diverse than transient myocardial ischemia.