bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Stagnation Point Flow of Casson Williamson Hybrid Nanofluid Incorporating Viscous Dissipation and Suction/Injection Effect Past an Exponentially Stretching Cylinder
Authors: Paul Ashish , Nath Jintu Mani
Published: August 2024

The ongoing inquiry aims to analyze stagnation point flow characteristics of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) Cason-Williamson hybrid nanofluids over an exponentially stretched cylinder, incorporating phenomena like viscous dissipation and suction/injection effects, as no prior investigation
has been conducted on it, which represents the distinctiveness of the flow model. To facilitate analysis, the original partial differential equation (PDE) formulation of the flow model is transformed into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) employing dimensionless quantities,
a process facilitated by the MATLAB bvp4c approach. Various non-dimensional variables are examined for their impacts on velocity profiles, temperature distribution, shearing stress, and Nusselt number. Results conveyed through graphs and detailed tables show thermal profile enhancement with
escalating Weissenberg, Eckert, and Biot numbers for Casson Williamson hybrid nanofluid. Increasing copper nanoparticle volume in this fluid raises friction drag compared to the Casson hybrid nanofluid, with a 9% enhancement in shear stress. Conversely, the heat transport rate is reduced by
about 1.5% for Casson Williamson hybrid nanofluid compared to Casson hybrid nanofluid. These findings significantly advance fluid dynamics and nanofluid exploration, offering opportunities for improved heat and mass transmission in various industries.
Contribution to the Thermal and Hydraulic Study of Forced Convection in Corrugated Configuration Using Nanofluids
Authors: Meriem Imen , Benchabi Rahima
Published: August 2024

In this article, a research on characteristics of the flow and heat transfer of SiO2, Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles with 5% of volume fraction, in a right and wavy channel with different shapes (trapezoidal, triangular, square) was conducted. Water, glycerin,
and ethylene glycol are among the base fluids investigated. Constant temperature was imposed on the top and bottom of the ducts. The investigation covers Reynolds numbers between 100 and 5000 and the particle diameter is 30 nm. The governing equations are resolved using the SIMPLE algorithm,
which is based on the finite volume method. The effects of channel shape, base fluids and shape of nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated. The findings say that as the Reynolds number increases, the friction factor reduces and the average Nusselt number rises. Also,
in comparison to the triangular, straight and square channel, the trapezoidal-corrugated channel provides greater convective heat transfer. Moreover, the total entropy generation and the entropy due to heat transfer decreases with a rise in the Reynolds number unlike that the generation of
entropy due to friction increases with the rise in the Reynolds number. When Reynolds’ number rises, the number of Bejan falls. Furthermore, against other base fluids, the nanofluid SiO2-glycerin improves the most heat transferring. The spherical shape gives the highest convective
heat transfer performance as opposed to the cylindrical shape. The numerical results from this investigation were used to create two correlations. The current findings are compared to those found in the literature, and there is a strong agreement.
Comparative Study of Convective Oldroyd-B Nanofluid and Hybrid Nanofluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis Over Stretching Sheet with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model
Authors: Sreedevi P. , Sudarsana Reddy P.
Published: August 2024

The current analysis appraises the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of Oldroyd-B nanofluids SWCNT-Water and hybrid nanofluids SWCNT/MWCNT-Water over the stretching sheet. Thermal radiation, modified Fourier heat flux and convective boundary conditions are also used to evaluate
the flow. Graphs are used to compare the characteristics of nanofluid SWCNT-Water and hybrid nanofluid SWCNT/MWCNT-Water nanofluids in terms of concentration, temperature, and velocity. The flow mechanism is modelled in the form of nonlinear system of partial differential equation. These PDEs
are converted into Ordinary differential equations by using the similarity variable techniques. The Finite Element Method is pre-owned to solve the obtained ODEs. Plots are used to show the results of temperature, concentration and velocity for both nanofluids for various values of the relevant
parameters. The dimensionless skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number values are scrutinized and revealed in tabular form. The important findings of this study reveal that the scattering of temperature and concentration of both SWCNT-Water nanofluid and SWCNT/MWCNT-Water
hybrid OBF nanofluid elevates with amplifying values of thermal retardation parameter. With increasing values of the power low index number the sketches of temperature and velocity are both attenuate in the fluid region.
Heat Transfer of Casson Nanofluid Flow Between Double Disks: Using Buongiorno Model
Authors: Farooq Umar , Farooq Umar , Khan Shan Ali , Chan Tzu-Chi , Naqvi Syed Muhammad Raza Shah , Waqas Hassan , Ullah Aman
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Fluid thermal efficiency is crucial in major industrial sectors. Traditional fluids often lack the heat transmission needed for various operations. To address this, researchers introduced metallic and non-metallic nano additives, creating a new type of fluid called Nanofluid.
This article explores the squeezing flow of Casson nanofluid between parallel disks, considering suction/injection, thermophysical impacts, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction. Methodology: The study uses the Buongiorno nanofluid theory to analyze thermophoresis and Brownian motion,
reducing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Numerical technique (shooting approach) is employed to solve these equations, and the results are presented graphically. Conclusions: The study reveals that axial velocity decreases as the Casson fluid parameter
increases. Near the intersection point of the velocity field with varying magnitudes of the linear thermal convection parameter, radial velocity increases. It is observed that the thermal field intensifies with a higher linear thermal convection parameter. Additionally, elevated values of
the thermal radiation parameter lead to an increase in temperature distribution estimates. Applications of Current Model: Casson fluid, classified as a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibits characteristics of both an elastic solid at low shear strain and a Newtonian fluid at high stress. It
is characterized by infinite viscosity at zero shear rate and infinite viscosity at infinite shear rate. Examples of Casson fluids in everyday life include tomato juice, human blood, soup, and orange juice.
Between Metaphysics and Phenomenology: Metaxology in Simone Weil, Maurice Blondel, and William Desmond
Authors: Gabellieri Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

In this article, I argue that at the heart of the crisis of metaphysics and ecology is a separation of being and phenomenon, which invites the rediscovery of the analogical mediation of the natural and the supernatural. In part one, I survey the separated philosophy implied in a post-Husserlian methodological dilemma between prioritizing either phenomenology or metaphysics to suggest an alternative approach through the writings of Simone Weil and Maurice Blondel. In part two, I connect the approach of the Irish philosopher William Desmond to this intellectual project that holds open a vital dialogue between philosophy and theology.
Introduction: The Future of Systematic Theology
Authors: Furnal Joshua
Published: August 2024

This short introduction provides an overview of the various contributions to the special issue and introduces the arguments of each article.
Thermal characteristics of fire extinguishing agents in compartment fire suppression
Authors: Kim Tae-Sun , Park Tae-Hee , Park Jeong-Hwa , Yang Ji-Hyun , Han Dong-Hun , Lee Byeong-Chae , Kwon Jin-Suk
Published: August 2024

Water and foam have different fire-extinguishing mechanisms. Traditional foam and compressed air foam (CAF) have different bubble structures. These differences result in different thermal characteristics, which affect the extinguishing abilities during a fire. In this study, the differences in the thermal characteristics of three different extinguishing agents (water, traditional foam, and CAF) were investigated by suppressing a compartment fire. With an ignition source in the compartment (6 m × 3 m × 3 m), the agent was preferentially applied to the outside wall of the compartment. The effects of internal cooling and burnback resistance generated from the outer wall were evaluated. The performance of each agent in shielding firefighters from radiant heat while suppressing the fire inside the compartment was evaluated. When the outside wall of the compartment was covered with each of the agents, all agents were found to reduce the room temperature. When CAF was applied, the delay time until temperature re-rise was approximately 1.76–4.5 times longer than that when water was used. In addition, foaming agents exhibited a higher heat-shielding effect than water during the initial suppression. Thus, considering the thermal characteristics of these agents, fire suppression can be more effective if foam agents are used.
What Churches Should Do When Civil Authorities Restrict Their Assemblies
Authors: Otey Melvin L.
Published: August 2024

Religious groups endured great angst during the COVID-19 pandemic due to, among other things, temporary restrictions and prohibitions on group assemblies. Responses by Christians in the United States, in particular, varied from acquiescence to innovation to non-compliance. Religious groups should carefully consider the theological and practical merits of these approaches so they can respond in ways that are reasonable and consistent with their faith should circumstances lead to future curtailments of their freedoms to assemble for public worship. In most cases, reasonable expectations and legal recourse will resolve concerns. Outright defiance of government restrictions on assemblies during crises is rarely necessary and appropriate.
A Theologian's Consideration of Global Warming
Authors: Myers William R.
Published: August 2024

Using resources provided by the Bible, tradition, experience, and reason, a close look at magazine articles from the 2023 summer considers the reality of global warming. Scientists exploring a lake's strata, Canadian wildfires, phosphorous runoff, algal blooms, and Phoenix's string of high temperatures suggest we have entered the Anthropocene Era. The idea of domination borrowed from the first chapter of Genesis coupled with Aristotle's Great Chain of Being are used to encourage practices leading to global warming. Theological anomalies from this history raise questions about our continuing use of the triumphal metaphor of God as King of kings. A new ecological awareness and the metaphor of God's Body as the World re-animates theological conversation in this area . Theologians Jürgen Moltmann and Sallie McFague are helpful in this consideration.
Psychosocial Consequences Among Witch-hunting Survivors: A Qualitative Study from Jharkhand, India
Authors: Alagarsami A.R.  , Kannekanti Prasad , Rajan Anjanik Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

Witch-hunting is an evil practice and part of the culture of many marginalized groups in India and globally. The unethical ways of barbarity against women happening in the name of the witch-hunting practice is another face of gender-based discrimination against women who are denied basic living rights. This study aims to understand the psychosocial consequences experienced by witch-hunting survivors.

Methods:

This study applied phenomenological research design and collected data using in-depth interviews through purposive sampling, which include ten witch-hunting survivors from seven rural and tribal districts of Jharkhand, who were identified at least one year before by the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS). In-depth interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis steps by Braun and Clarke, 2006.

Results:

The themes of this study findings comprise the various ways in which a woman is being branded as a witch and how they are intended to go through shame, stigma, and discrimination; in addition to that, this study also explores the mental health issues faced by the witch-hunting survivors and the protective factors which lend a hand for them to fight back against the sociocultural drawbacks.

Conclusion:

It is evident from this study results that the survivors experience mental health issues. This study suggests the urgent need to strengthen the civic system to enhance better support for survivors. In the meantime, addressing their challenges, including mental health needs, will contribute to a better quality of life.
Debt, bubble policy, and the role of the repo market in the Federal Reserve’s management of capitalism in crisis
Authors: Russo Daniel
Published: August 2024

In the last decade, repurchase-agreements (repos) between banks and financial institutions have grown significantly as banks systemically low on cash see repos as the cheapest, safest, and quickest way to get the funding they need for running regular services. However, hikes in interest rates by the Federal Reserve since March 2022 have increased the cost of interbank borrowing. This causes stress on many banks, and ultimately, brings into question the financial system’s long-term reliance on repos and other obscure short-term funding methods. Awareness of the Fed’s repo market policy, and their monetary policy in general, ought to matter to political economists and workers alike because it reveals precisely how the economy is controlled by a few levers inside the marriage between state and finance capital. Consequently, in this article I outline the repo market and its significance to the Fed’s management of economic crises. This requires a relative understanding of their general monetary policy, which in itself requires significant material economic contextualizing. It is this context that ultimately matters most, and which will therefore be the focal point of discussion. Only after such contextualization does the discussion end with a word on the rise of repos, the risks of increased reliance on it, and possible future directions from the perspective of both capital and labor.
Challenging Stigma, Shame and the Social Control of the Menstruating Body: Women’s Resistance in Contemporary India
Authors: Mitra Sancharini , Karunakaran Kalpana
Published: August 2024

The year 2015 saw a series of mobilisations, primarily by young students in India, which sought to destigmatise and visibilise the menstruating body through online activism and university-based campaigns in Delhi, Kolkata and Kochi. These campaigns foregrounded sexual violence and harassment through the lens of menstruation, pointing towards the institutional apathy towards sexual violence, yet disgust towards menstrual blood. By defying menstrual taboos and the prescribed menstrual etiquettes in home, community and institutional spaces and dispelling the shame, silence and stigma that define the menstrual experience, the campaigns disrupted the notion of the ‘normal’ body as ‘one that does not bleed from the vagina’. The article situates the destigmatising menstruation campaigns vis-à-vis other gender justice campaigns and protests that have taken place over the last decade in India, highlighting the cross-cutting similarities of themes as well as the distinctive dimensions of the campaigns that are the subject of this article.
Book review: A. R. Vasavi, Differentiation and Disjunction: Interrogating India’s Education System
Authors: Goswami Nirmali
Published: August 2024

A. R. Vasavi, Differentiation and Disjunction: Interrogating India’s Education System. Orient BlackSwan, 2022, 236 pp., ₹895. ISBN: 978-93-544-2306-2.
Addressing Breast Cancer Equity Through Virtual Community Oncology Navigation and Engagement (vCONET)
Authors: Salinas Manisha , Odedina Folakemi T.
Published: August 2024

Background

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, Black women face significant disparities in screening mammograms, experience higher rates of breast cancer at advanced stages, and are more likely to die from the disease.

Aims

This study aimed to develop and beta-test a virtual health navigation program to enhance breast cancer care within the Black community. We identified barriers to utilizing virtual patient navigators and factors impacting the adoption of virtual navigation for breast cancer information among Black women.

Methods

The vCONET (Virtual Community Oncology Navigation and Engagement) intervention was delivered through the Second Life virtual platform. The informational content was collaboratively developed with community members. Participants engaged in an informational session on risk factors, mammography information, and preventive behaviors. Surveys (n = 18) and focus groups (n = 9) assessed knowledge and insights into perceptions.

Results

Findings revealed a positive impact of the intervention, with participants expressing increased knowledge and willingness to seek further information about breast cancer prevention, and highlighted the engaging nature of the virtual environment, while acknowledging potential technological challenges.

Conclusion

Virtual health navigation shows promise in addressing breast cancer disparities by promoting awareness among Black women. Future efforts should optimize virtual navigation approaches through collaborative engagement for lasting impact, enhancing breast cancer care and equity in communities of color.
Time on Our Side: Is Scottish Independence More Likely in the Future?
Authors: Daoust Jean-François , Convery Alan , Martill Benjamin
Published: August 2024

The Scottish independence movement and its leadership have claimed ‘time is on our side’, citing the increased support for independence among younger citizens as evidence a future referendum would be more likely to deliver a ‘Yes’ result. Even amid protracted crises and tumultuous leadership changes within the Scottish National Party, observers still point to robust support for independence among younger voters as evidence of future change. Assessing this claim is important because it clarifies the role of different cleavages in Scottish and British politics and it helps us understand the motivations on both sides for trying to control the timing of any future independence referendum. In this research note, we assess the claim that time sides with the pro-independence movement, using data from the Scottish Social Attitudes Surveys and the Scottish Election Study from 1999 to 2021. Overall, we find limited support for the claim that generational replacement will help the pro-independence movement. Based on data from 1999 to 2021, the most appropriate interpretation is that time will neither help nor hurt the independence movement. Therefore, we need to treat claims on this topic from political actors with caution.
3D 4K Exo-Endoscopic Temporal Bone Dissection: A Novel Approach for Sharing the Anatomy
Authors: Di Bari Matteo , Nucci Raul , Bernardeschi Daniele , Lepera Davide , Alciato Lauranne , Ferreli Fabio , Colombo Giovanni
Published: August 2024

Background

Temporal bone dissection is overwide recognized as an ideal training method for otologic surgeons. The knowledge of temporal bone anatomy and especially of the course of infratemporal facial nerve is pivotal in practice. The 3D exoscope is an innovative and promising tool, that was recently introduced in ear surgery.

Methods

A high-definition 3D exoscope (3D VITOM®) mounted on the VERSACRANETM holding system (Karl Storz) was used to perform two temporal bone dissection, with the aim to study the anatomy of infratemporal facial nerve. The 3D endoscope (TIPCAM®1 S 3D ORL, Karl Storz) was used in combination to provide a close-up high-quality view and to provide a different angle of view on fine anatomical relationships.

Results

The high-definition 3D exoscope allowed to conduct the dissection with high quality visualization and to share the same surgical field with trainees. Moreover, it showed a high interchangeability with the 3D endoscope.

Conclusions

3D 4 K Exo-endoscopic temporal bone dissection seems to have benefits in terms of educational purpose, especially concerning anatomy understanding. The superiority in teaching value of this tool should be further investigated in cohort studies.
Outcome Evaluation of Three-Dimensionally Printed Patient-Specific Surgical Plates for Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Wen-Bo , Wang Chao-Fei , Yu Yao , Liu Shuo , Hu Lei-Hao , Soh Hui Yuh , Zhang Jie , Peng Xin
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Prospective and retrospective studies.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects and accuracy of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed patient-specific surgical plates used for mandibular defect reconstruction.

Methods

This study included patients who underwent mandibular defect reconstruction with vascularized autogenous bone grafts between January 2012 and August 2021. They were divided into experimental (fixation with 3D-printed surgical plates) and control (fixation with conventional surgical plates) groups. Flap survival rate, postoperative complications and patient self-evaluated facial appearance were compared. Mandibular reconstruction accuracy evaluation included postoperative position deviation of the whole mandible, transplanted bone graft, lower mandibular border, mandibular condyle, and mandibular angle on the reconstructed side compared to baseline.

Results

This study included 20 patients (14 males, six females; age, 39.45 ± 11.69 years), ten each in the experimental and control groups. The mean follow-up was 16 ± 22.05 (range, 6-99) months. All procedures were successful, no plate-related complications (breakage, loosening, or exposure of the surgical plates) were reported, and all patients were satisfied. The groups were statistically similar in th e position deviation of the whole mandible, transplanted bone graft, mandibular condyle, and mandibular angle, but the position and morphology of the lower mandibular border on the reconstructed side in the experimental group were better than those in the control group ( P = 0.016).

Conclusions

3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates could be applied in mandibular reconstruction safely and effectively, simplifying the surgical procedure, shortening the preoperative preparation times, achieving satisfactory outcomes, and improving the clinical effects and accuracy of individualized mandibular reconstruction.
The “tough-on-crime” left: Race, gender, and elections of law-and-order democrats
Authors: Laterzo-Tingley Isabel , Christiani Leah
Published: August 2024

In June 2021, Eric Adams — a former captain of the New York City Police Department  —  won the Democratic mayoral primary for the city of New York with 30.7% of the vote. Adams’ candidate profile struck many as unique  —  a Black man, he paradoxically represented a liberal yet tough-on-crime approach. In this paper, we analyze how tough-on-crime candidates’ identities impact their favorability among progressive voters. We focus on both race (e.g., Black vs white candidates) and gender (e.g., female vs male candidates). Building on literature regarding stereotypes, perceived policy competency, and expectations among progressive voters, we hypothesize that tough-on-crime candidates will be less favorable to Democratic voters, but this will depend on candidate identity. We expect both Black and/or female tough-on-crime candidates to experience less pushback for tough-on-crime stances compared to their white and/or male counterparts. We test these expectations via a conjoint experiment included in an original, nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. Our results support the idea that Democrats punish tough-on-crime candidates, but this effect is conditional on candidate identity. Namely, Democratic Black candidates are not strongly punished for being tough-on-crime. Unexpectedly, we find that female Democratic candidates experience more electoral penalty than their male counterparts when taking tough-on-crime positions.
Racial microaggressions within the UK Healthcare System: a narrative review
Authors: Firi Promise , Baryeh Kwaku
Published: August 2024

Racial microaggressions are subtle and everyday actions that communicate derogatory messages or assumptions based on an individual's race. These seemingly minor acts, often unintended, can accumulate to undermine patient well-being and contribute to healthcare disparities. They are the unnoticed comments, gestures, or attitudes that carry significant impact. Through a systematic analysis of the literature, we highlight the insidious nature of racial microaggressions and their impact on healthcare outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to:

• Present real-life instances from research to showcase the tangible effects of racial microaggressions.

• Identify the everyday scenarios within healthcare interactions where racial microaggressions often occur.

• Emphasise the need for recognition and understanding of these biases for fostering better patient–provider relationships.

Also, by analysing the fundamental elements underpinning racial microaggressions such as systems, interactions, vulnerabilities and consequences, we explore the implications it has on healthcare policy and management. Most importantly, we address the importance of identifying and tackling racial microaggressions in order to create a more inclusive healthcare environment.
MRI of a presumptive intracranial histiocytic sarcoma with extracranial extension in a cat
Authors: Eichrodt Anna , Mauri Nico , Ruetten Maja , Kaser-Hotz Barbara , Dressel-Böhm Susann
Published: August 2024

Case summary

A 4-year-old female neutered Scottish Fold shorthair cat was presented for further investigation of circling towards the right. MRI of the brain revealed an extensive, right-sided temporal muscle lesion with associated frontotemporal bone osteolysis, intracranial, extra-axial extension along the calvarial convexity with severe pachy- and leptomeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement, and an intra-axial space-occupying lesion in the right piriform lobe. The regional lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. Cytology of the right parotid lymph node and the temporal muscle was performed and histiocytic sarcoma (HS) was diagnosed. The owners elected euthanasia.

Relevance and novel information

HS of the central nervous system (CNS) is a very rare neoplastic condition in cats. Although a few case reports mention MRI, to our knowledge, the characterisation of MRI features of feline CNS HS have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the aim of this case report was to describe the MRI characteristics in a feline HS involving not only the CNS, but also the fronto-temporal bone, temporal muscle and the regional lymph nodes. In particular, aggressive neoplastic bone invasion was a novel finding.
Unraveling the Influence of Organizational Factors and Customer Resources on Nonprofit Brand Verdict: A Study of Seva Café
Authors: Saxena Garima , Gadhavi Dharmesh , Chatterjee Ravi , Pandey Mithilesh , Thirugnanasambantham K.
Published: August 2024

Drawing from the theoretical underpinning of the service brand verdict model, this research aims to study the impact of organizational factors and customer resources on emotional and functional value and further extending it to brand verdict. The survey approach was adopted using a self-administered questionnaire to achieve the research objective. Three hundred and sixty-five participants were selected by convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by personal (face-to-face) interview and online survey (email) method. To test the research model and conduct mediation analysis, the partial least squares structural equation modeling was performed through SmartPLS software (V3.3.3). The findings also that functional and emotional value have a significant influence on brand verdict in nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Organizational factors and customer resources influence functional and emotional values in NPOs. Functional and emotional values mediate the relationship between organizational factors and customer resources and brand verdict in NPO. The findings contribute to brand development for NPOs like Seva Café. Restaurant services create customer value using restaurant resources. NPO managers should focus on increasing organizational and customer resources, which are crucial for developing positive value and brand perception. Improving technical and administrative quality enables NPO managers to enhance functional quality, ultimately strengthening the organization’s brand verdict.
The virtual semiotic landscape of Vagina Varsity: A multimodal analysis
Authors: Roux Shanleigh
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the virtual semiotic landscape of a South African online advertisement campaign, Vagina Varsity, by sanitary towel company Libresse®. The article extends notions of linguistic landscape studies and virtual semiotic landscape studies to bring attention to the various semiotics used in online spaces for communication and meaning-making. Using a social semiotic approach to multimodality as a theoretical framework, the investigation found that the campaign addressed the topic of menstruation in a manner that assuaged cultural sensitivities towards this topic. The campaign advertised sanitary products by drawing on semiotics usually related to a teaching genre, as well as on popular cultural references. The affordances of the internet allowed for the creation of spaces where the female anatomy and related matters were presented, constructing a conducive atmosphere for young women to share, discuss and motivate others within that space.
Biogenic nanoparticles: pioneering a new era in breast cancer therapeutics—a comprehensive review
Authors: Bhat Shahnawaz Ahmad , Kumar Vijay , Dhanjal Daljeet Singh , Gandhi Yashika , Mishra Sujeet K. , Singh Simranjeet , Webster Thomas J. , Ramamurthy Praveen C.
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer, a widespread malignancy affecting women globally, often arises from mutations in estrogen/progesterone receptors. Conventional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy face limitations such as low efficacy and adverse effects. However, nanotechnology offers promise with its unique attributes like targeted delivery and controlled drug release. Yet, challenges like poor size distribution and environmental concerns exist. Biogenic nanotechnology, using natural materials or living cells, is gaining traction for its safety and efficacy in cancer treatment. Biogenic nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts offer a sustainable and eco-friendly approach, demonstrating significant toxicity against breast cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. They surpass traditional drugs, providing benefits like biocompatibility and targeted delivery. Thus, this current review summarizes the available knowledge on breast cancer (its types, stages, histopathology, symptoms, etiology and epidemiology) with the importance of using biogenic nanomaterials as a new and improved therapy. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive examination of the challenges and strategies for advancing the industrial utilization of biogenic metal and metal oxide NPs. Additionally; it underscores the potential of plant-mediated synthesis of biogenic NPs as effective therapies for breast cancer, detailing their mechanisms of action, advantages, and areas for further research.
Drug administration errors among anaesthesia providers in South Africa: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: van Wyk René , Davids Ryan Alroy
Published: August 2024

Background

Drug administration errors (DAEs) in anaesthesia are common, the aetiology multifactorial and though mostly inconsequential, some lead to substantial harm. The extend of DAEs remain poorly quantified and effective implementation of prevention strategies sparse.

Method

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a peer-reviewed survey questionnaire, circulated to 2217 anaesthetists via a national communication platform. The aim was to determine the self-reported frequency, nature, contributing factors and reporting patterns of DAEs among anaesthesia providers in South Africa.

Results

Our cohort had a response rate was 18.9%, with 420 individuals populating the questionnaire. 92.5% of surveyed participants have made a DAE and 89.2% a near-miss. Incorrect route of administration, potentially resulting in serious harm, accounted for 8.2% (n = 23/N = 279) of these errors. DAEs mostly reported in cases involving adult patients (80.5%, n = 243/N = 302), receiving a general anaesthetic (71.8%, n = 216/N = 301), where the drug-administrator prepared the drugs themselves (78.7%, n = 218/N = 277), during normal daytime hours (69.9%, n = 202/N = 289) with good lightning conditions (93.0%, n = 265/N = 285). 26% (n = 80/N = 305) of DAEs involved ampoule misidentification, whilst syringe identification error reported in 51.6% (n = 150/N = 291) of cases. DAEs are often not reported (40.3%, n = 114/N = 283), with knowledge of correct reporting procedures lacking. 70.5% (n = 198/N = 281) of DAEs were never discussed with the patient.

Conclusions

DAEs in anaesthesia remain prevalent. Known error traps continue to drive these incidents. Implementation of system based preventative strategies are paramount to guard against human error. Efforts should be made to encourage scrupulous reporting and training of anaesthesia providers, with the aim of rendering them proficient and resilient to handle these events.
Role perceptions and experiences of adult children in remote glucose management for older parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study
Authors: Ye Xiang , Liu Rongzhen , Che Shangjie , Zhang Yanqun , Wu Jiaqi , Jiang Ya , Luo Xiangrong , Xie Cuihua
Published: August 2024

Background

With the advent of the smart phone era, managing blood glucose at home through apps will become more common for older individuals with diabetes. Adult children play important roles in glucose management of older parents. Few studies have explored how adult children really feel about engaging in the glucose management of their older parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through mobile apps. This study provides insights into the role perceptions and experiences of adult children of older parents with T2DM participating in glucose management through mobile apps.

Methods

In this qualitative study, 16 adult children of older parents with T2DM, who had used mobile apps to manage blood glucose for 6 months, were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews to explore their role perceptions and experiences in remotely managing their older parents’ blood glucose were conducted. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were followed to ensure rigor in the study. The data collected were analyzed by applying Colaizzi’s seven-step qualitative analysis method.

Results

Six themes and eight sub-themes were identified in this study. Adult children’s perceived roles in glucose management of older parents with T2DM through mobile apps could be categorized into four themes: health decision-maker, remote supervisor, health educator and emotional supporter. The experiences of participation could be categorized into two themes: facilitators to participation and barriers to participation.

Conclusion

Some barriers existed for adult children of older parents with T2DM participating in glucose management through mobile apps; however, the findings of this study were generally positive. It was beneficial and feasible for adult children to co-manage the blood glucose of older parents. Co-managing blood glucose levels in older parents with T2DM can enhance both adherence rates and confidence in managing blood glucose effectively.
Experiences with a national team-based learning program for advance care planning in pediatric palliative care
Authors: Engel Marijanne , Fahner Jurrianne C. , Hennus Marije P. , Brounen Marie-José , van Capelle Carine , de Groot Marinka , Hermans Marion , Hofman Suzanne C. , Joosen Cindy , Lalbahadoersing-Jharap Sarmila , Maebe Sofie , Michiels Erna M. C. , Miedema Suzanna , Raphael Martine F. , Schieving Jolanda , de Weerd Willemien , Kars Marijke C. ,   Consortium VIMP IMPACT
Published: August 2024

Background

Advance Care Planning (ACP) enables patients and relatives to define and share values, goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care. The IMplementing Pediatric Advance Care Planning Toolkit (IMPACT), developed in the Netherlands, is a method for conducting ACP in pediatric palliative care. Healthcare professionals who were trained to use IMPACT, indicated their need for ongoing support to practice ACP communication skills optimally over time. Therefore, we developed a team-based learning program aimed at teaching participants how to transfer knowledge on ACP, continue practicing ACP communication skills and reflect on ACP conversations within their own team context. The aim of this study was to evaluate the program’s transfer of knowledge as well as the professionals’ experience and team reflection on ACP.

Methods

A one-day IMPACT train-the-trainer course was developed and a selection of healthcare professionals (facilitators) from pediatric palliative care teams (PPCTs) from all seven Dutch university hospitals and the specialized Center for Pediatric Oncology were invited to participate. Hereafter, facilitators were asked to transfer their course-acquired knowledge to their team members (learners) by organizing two coaching-on-the-job sessions. A mixed-methods design, combining questionnaires and field notes, was used to evaluate the level of knowledge transfer and team reflection achieved.

Results

Eighteen healthcare professionals in the role of facilitator participated in the train-the-trainer course. In seven PPCTs one (n = 3) or two (n = 4) coaching-on-the-job session(s) took place, attended by 29 and 17 learners, respectively. In the questionnaires, 11 facilitators indicated that they had to some extent transferred acquired knowledge to their team members as intended. Sixteen out of 21 learners who participated in at least one coaching-on-the-job session, reported (somewhat) increased self-confidence for conducting ACP conversations. The reported main strength of the program was practicing with/learning from colleagues whereas dealing with workload and variation in existing ACP skills within PPCTs need more attention.

Conclusions

The newly developed team-based learning program resulted in intended transfer of knowledge and methodical reflection on ACP in coaching-on-the-job sessions in most participating PPCTs. Planning coaching-on-the-job sessions regarding ACP in pediatric palliative care with multiple healthcare professionals is challenging and needs more emphasis in the training.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels vary by ethnicity and are associated with insulin sensitivity after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sharma Archana , Birkeland Kåre I. , Nermoen Ingrid , Sommer Christine , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Lee-Ødegård Sindre , Sveen Kari A. , Sattar Naveed , Sollid Stina T. , Omland Torbjørn , Myhre Peder L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Individuals of South Asian origin have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than European individuals. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the amino-terminal fragment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are commonly used for heart failure screening and diagnosis, but biologically BNP exerts several beneficial cardiovascular effects primarily by counteracting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. We asked whether ethnic differences in circulating NT-proBNP levels could be explained by the differences in cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk markers?

Methods

We examined 162 South Asian and 107 Nordic women in Norway 1–3 years after GDM with a clinical examination, fasting blood samples and an oral glucose tolerance test. We measured the levels of NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin and markers of insulin sensitivity, such as the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Finally, we tried to identify which independent covariate best mediated the ethnic differences in NT-proBNP.

Results

The mean (SD) age was 35.3 (4.5) years, BMI 29.1 (6.0) kg/m2, waist-height ratio 0.60 (0.08) and 164 women (61%) had prediabetes/diabetes. Notably, South Asian women had lower levels of NT-proBNP than Nordic women in both the normoglycemic and prediabetes/diabetes groups (median (IQR) 26  (15–38)  vs. 42 (22–66) ng/L, p < 0.001). Higher NT-proBNP levels were associated with greater insulin sensitivity in both South Asian and Nordic women (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001). South Asian women had higher levels of hsCRP (median (IQR) 2.2 (1.1–4.4) vs. 1.2 (0.3–4.2) mg/L), IL-6 (2.3 (1.5–3.2) vs. 1.5 (1.5–2.5) pg/mL), leptin (1647 (1176–2480) vs. 1223 (876–2313) pmol/L), and lower adiponectin levels (7.2 (5.3–9.3) vs. 10.0 (7.2–13.5) mg/L) and Matsuda ISI (2.4 (1.7–3.7) vs. 4.2 (2.9–6.1), pall<0.01) than Nordic women. Even after adjusting for these differences, higher NT-proBNP levels remained associated with insulin sensitivity (22% higher NT-proBNP per SD Matsuda ISI, p = 0.015). Insulin sensitivity and adiponectin mediated 53% and 41% of the ethnic difference in NT-proBNP.

Conclusions

NT-proBNP levels are lower in South Asian than in Nordic women after GDM. Lower NT-proBNP levels correlate with impaired insulin sensitivity. Lower NT-proBNP levels in South Asian women could, therefore, be attributed to impaired insulin sensitivity rather than total body fat.
Distinct clinicopathological features of neuroendocrine liver metastases originating from the pancreas and rectum
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Takeuchi Satoshi , Deng Hang , Tanaka Kimitaka , Matsui Aya , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Noji Takehiro , Nakamura Toru , Takeuchi Shintaro , Wada Masataka , Xu Jian , Zhang Yu , Hirano Satoshi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Survival comparisons among patients with liver metastases from pancreatic and rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) were limited, and the efficacy of observation rules in patients undergoing hepatectomy for neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELMs) was unknown. This study aims to distinguish these characteristics and clarify the effects of the observation rules on NELMs.

Methods

Clinical data were separately collected from patients with pancreatic and rectal NELMs at medical centers in both Japan and China. The Japanese cohort followed the observation rules for the resection of NELMs. A comparative analysis was conducted on clinical characteristics and prognosis features such as overall survival time (OS) and disease-free survival interval (DFS-I).

Results

Enrollment included 47 and 34 patients from Japan and China, respectively. Of these, 69 and 12 patients had tumors originating from the pancreas and rectum, respectively. The OS time in patients undergoing primary tumor resection was significantly longer; however, the OS time between the patients undergoing and not undergoing radical resection of liver metastasis was the same. In asynchronous NELMs, patients with rectal (R)-NELMs showed a significantly higher proportion of type III NELMs. Additionally, the median DFS-I of asynchronous R-NELMs was longer than the recommended follow-up time, with 71.4% of them classified as G2. In the Japanese cohort, patients who adhered to the observation rules exhibited a longer median DFS after hepatectomy for NELMs compared with their counterparts.

Conclusion

Although curative surgery is crucial for primary lesions, personalized approaches are required to manage NELMs. Extended overall follow-ups and shortened follow-up intervals are recommended for G2 stage rectal NETs. The observation rules for NELMs require further validation with a larger sample size.
Significant overlap of inflammatory and degenerative features on imaging among patients with degenerative disc disease, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and axial spondyloarthritis: a real-life cohort study
Authors: Ziade Nelly , Udod Melanie , Kougkas Nikolaos , Tsiami Styliani , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: August 2024

Background

Differentiating between degenerative disc disease (DDD), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) represents a diagnostic challenge in patients with low back pain (LBP). We aimed to evaluate the distribution of inflammatory and degenerative imaging features in a real-life cohort of LBP patients referred to a tertiary university rheumatology center.

Methods

In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients referred for LBP, demographics, symptom information, and available imaging were collected. SpA-like changes were considered in the spine in the presence of one of the following lesions typically related to SpA: erosions, sclerosis, squaring, and syndesmophytes on conventional radiographs (CR) and bone marrow oedema (BMO), erosions, sclerosis, and fat lesions (FL) on MRI. SIJ CR were graded per New York criteria; on MRIs, SIJs were evaluated by quadrant for BMO, erosions, FL, sclerosis and ankylosis, similar to the approach used by the Berlin SIJ MRI scoring system. The final diagnosis made by the rheumatologist was the gold standard. Data were presented descriptively, by patient and by quadrant, and compared among the three diagnosis groups.

Results

Among 136 referred patients, 71 had DDD, 38 DISH, and 27 axSpA; median age 62 years [IQR55-73], 63% males. On CR, SpA-like changes were significantly higher in axSpA in the lumbar (50%, vs. DDD 23%, DISH 22%), in DISH in the thoracic (28%, vs. DDD 8%, axSpA 12%), and in DDD in the cervical spine (67% vs. DISH 0%, axSpA 33%). On MRI, BMO was significantly higher in DISH in the thoracic (37%, vs. DDD 22%, axSpA 5%) and equally distributed in the lumbar spine (35-42%). FL were significantly more frequently identified in DISH and axSpA in the thoracic (56% and 52%) and DDD and axSpA in the lumbar spine (65% and 74%, respectively). Degenerative changes were frequent in the three groups. Sacroiliitis (NY criteria) was identified in 49% (axSpA 76%, DDD 48%, DISH 29%).

Conclusion

A significant overlap was found among DDD, DISH, and axSpA for inflammatory and degenerative imaging features. Particularly, SpA-like spine CR features were found in one-fourth of patients with DISH, and MRI BMO was found in one-third of those patients.