bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global diversity in bearings in primary THA
Authors: Tsikandylakis Georgios , Overgaard Soren , Zagra Luigi , Kärrholm Johan
Published: October 2020

Choice of articulating materials, head size and the design of the articulation will become decisive for the long-term performance of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) and especially in terms of risk for dislocation and wear-related problems. Here we account for common alternatives based on available studies and the evidence that can be derived from them. Metal or ceramic femoral heads articulating against a liner or cup made of highly cross-linked polyethylene and ceramic-on-ceramic articulations have about similar risk for complications leading to revision, whereas the performance of metal-on-metal articulations, especially with use of big heads, is inferior. The clinical significance of problems related to ceramic-on-ceramic articulations such as squeaking remains unclear. With use of current technology ceramic fractures are rare. Large femoral heads have the potential to increase the range of hip movement before impingement occurs and are therefore expected to reduce dislocation rates. On the other hand, issues related to bearing wear, corrosion at the taper-trunnion junction and groin pain may arise with larger heads and jeopardize the longevity of THA. Based on current knowledge, 32-mm heads seem to be optimal for metal-on-polyethylene bearings. Patients with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings may benefit from even larger heads such as 36 or 40 mm, but so far there are no long-term reports that confirm the safety of bearings larger than 36 mm. Assessment of lipped liners is difficult because randomized studies are lacking, but retrospective clinical studies and registry data seem to indicate that this liner modification will reduce the rate of dislocation or revision due to dislocation without clear evidence of clinically obvious problems due to neck-liner impingement. The majority of studies support the view that constrained liners and dual mobility cups (DMC) will reduce the risk of revision due to dislocation both in primary and revision THA, the latter gaining increasing popularity in some countries. Both these devices suffer from implant-specific problems, which seem to be more common for the constrained liner designs. The majority of studies of these implants suffer from various methodological problems, not least selection bias, which calls for randomized studies preferably in a multi-centre setting to obtain sufficient power. In the 2020s, the orthopaedic profession should place more effort on such studies, as has already been achieved within other medical specialties, to improve the level of evidence in the choice of articulation when performing one of the most common in-hospital surgical procedures in Europe.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:763-775. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200002
Prevention of infection in primary THA and TKA
Authors: Dobson Philip F. , Reed Michael R.
Published: October 2020

Rates of peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty range between 0.3% and 1.9%, and up to 10% in revision cases. Significant morbidity is associated with this devastating complication, the economic burden on our healthcare system is considerable, and the personal cost to the affected patient is immeasurable. The risk of surgical site infection (SSI) and PJI is related to surgical factors and patient factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities, and lifestyle. Reducing the risk of SSI in primary hip and knee arthroplasty requires a multi-faceted strategy including pre-operative patient bacterial decolonization, screening and avoidance of anaemia, peri-operative patient warming, skin antisepsis, povidone-iodine wound lavage, and anti-bacterial coated sutures. This article also considers newer concepts such as the influence of bearing surfaces on infection risk, as well as current controversies such as the potential effects of blood transfusion, laminar flow, and protective hoods and suits, on infection risk.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:604-613. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200004
Development and Testing of the Power Transmission System of a Crawler Electric Tractor for Greenhouses
Authors: Liu Jing , Xia Changgao , Jiang Donglin , Sun Yan
Published: October 2020

Highlights

Built a functional electric drive system of a crawler tractor for greenhouses.

Properly integrated the electric components into a traditional tractor.

Performed field rotary tillage, field transport, and plowing energy consumption tests to verify the correctness of the matching of the core components of the power transmission system and some performance of the prototype crawler electric tractor.

Abstract. Greenhouses are among the most rapidly developing sectors of the Chinese agricultural industry, and they require considerable mechanization. Currently, the machinery used in greenhouses mainly include micro cultivators powered by internal combustion engines. The micro cultivators have various problems such as small output power, low operating efficiency, and poor quality. Also, they harm the growth environment of crops and the working environment of farmers due to gas emissions and noise. In this study, a crawler electric tractor suitable for greenhouses is proposed. It can function in small working areas and narrow working spaces. The electric tractor is suitable for towing, transportation, lifting, and power output. A power transmission system scheme was designed for the electric tractor and a parameter matching method for the core components of the power transmission system is proposed. The prototype of the electric tractor was manufactured and underwent field rotary tillage, field transport, and plowing energy consumption tests. The results of rotary tillage and transportation testing showed that the operating parameters such as the depth and width of rotary tillage and transportation speed met the design requirements, which validated the matching of core components of the power transmission system and the operating performance of the prototype crawler electric tractor. The mean rotary tillage depths of the prototype on the left side and the right side are 11.0 and 12.1 cm, respectively. The mean width is 113 cm. The mean speed of rotary tillage is 4.99 km h-1. The measured speed of the prototype in the field is within the speed demand range at gears I, II, and III. According to the results of plowing energy consumption test, the mean electrical energy consumption of plowing one mu of land was 5.60 kW h mu-1, which showed that the prototype crawler electric tractor had good economic performance. To sum up, the prototype of the electric tractor for greenhouses manufactured is economic and practical. Keywords: Electric tractor, Facility agriculture, Field test, Power transmission.
Effect of Vane Shape on Fertilizer Distribution for a Dual-Disc Spinner Spreader
Authors: Fulton John P , Thaper Ravinder K , Virk Simerjeet S , McDonald Timothy , Fasina Oladiran
Published: October 2020

Abstract.

Spinner-disc spreaders are commonly used for application of granular fertilizers with components (divider, spinner-discs, and vanes) influencing material flow behavior and distribution. Fertilizer ricocheting off these components is an uncontrolled aspect of material flow that negatively impacts spread uniformity. Therefore, an investigation using potash (KCl) was conducted to understand the impact of vane shape on fertilizer flow, ricocheting and distribution for a dual-disc spinner spreader. Four different vane shapes were used in this study. The first two vanes (Vanes 1 and 2) were common to this type of spinner spreader with a tapered and open-faced design. However, Vane 1 had a forward tapered top edge at an angle of 32° while Vane 2 had a top edge that was tapered backwards at 15°. Vanes 3 and 4 both had C-channel cross sections with Vane 3 tapered from inside out but Vane 4 had a constant height. Treatments included application rates of 220 and 440 kg/ha using three spinner disc speeds (600, 700, and 800 rpm). Stationary tests were conducted using a collection device that mounted around the spinner discs and vanes in order to estimate fertilizer particle exit points off the vanes. Standard pan tests were conducted to characterize resulting spread patterns, effective spread width, and spread uniformity. Results indicated that the level of ricocheting was significantly impacted by top edge design of a vane and increased with disc speed. The forward, upward facing top edge of Vane 1 caused on average, 26% of the material flow to be ricocheted by the vanes thereby inducing an uncontrolled nature of spread. However, the rearward facing top edge of Vane 2 reduced ricocheting by 13% plus generated a backward particle rotation for those contacting it. The majority of ricocheting occurred when particles contacted the vanes compared to the spinner discs. Ricocheting generated an uncontrollable aspect of the spread pattern with these particles applied along the centerline of the spreader. The effective spread width increased with disc speed. All four vane shapes generated equal effective spread widths of 18.3 and 21.3 m at 600 and 700 rpm, respectively. However, at 800 rpm, Vane 4 generated the greatest effective spread width of 24.4 m compared to 22.9 m for the other three vanes. The wider spread width for Vane 4 was contributed to the rectangular U cross-section maximizing the horizontal velocity of potash particles when exiting the vanes compared to the other three, more open faced vanes. Finally, the spread uniformity varied by vane shape with Vane 2 consistently generating the lowest CVs. Keywords: Distribution, Ricocheting, Vane Design, Spread uniformity, pattern.
Meeting the Tolerance: How Successful is Coexistence in Commodity Corn Handling Systems?
Authors: Dolphin Chad J. , Mosher Gretchen A. , Ambrose R.P. Kingsly , Ryan Saxon J.
Published: October 2020

Highlights

Meeting the 0.9% tolerance level was challenging under most conditions.

Non-GM loads in the simulation were able to meet a 1.5% or 3% tolerance level under specific conditions.

Field isolation distance plays a large role in a non-GM load meeting the posted tolerance level

Abstract. The open-air growth environment used in maize production makes it nearly impossible to ensure 100% purity of specified genetic traits. One measure of successful coexistence is a low level of unintended material in seed, grain, and feed or food products, termed “adventitious presence” (AP). To allow the coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-genetically modified (non-GM) maize, tolerance levels regulate how much AP of genetically modified corn is allowed in each unit of maize. This research sought to model four factors contributing to levels of adventitious presence: seed purity, field isolation distance, combine cleanout, and grain elevator receipt and handling practices. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test nine scenarios to determine the feasibility of successfully meeting three tolerance levels for adventitious presence (0.9%, 1.5%, and 3.0%). After 50,000 iterations for each model, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify factors that play an important role in whether the load meets the posted tolerance level or not. Results suggest that non-GM maize loads would not meet a tolerance level of 0.9% in most cases. Non-GM maize loads were found to meet tolerance levels of 1.5% and 3.0% in certain cases. The most significant factors affecting the probability of the unit of maize meeting the posted tolerance level were field isolation distance, elevator handling practices, and seed purity. Keywords: Adventitious presence, Coexistence, Identity preservation, Monte Carlo simulation, Transgenic grain.
Cancer cell detection by a heart-shaped dual-core photonic crystal fiber sensor
Authors: Mishra Gyan Prakash , Kumar Dharmendra , Chaudhary Vijay Shanker , Murmu Govind
Published: October 2020

This paper contributes a novel design of sensor with a heart-shaped dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to detect cancerous cells in human cervical, blood, adrenal glands, and breast. Cancer-infected cells and their normal cells are considered in liquid form having their own refractive indices. In the designed PCF, the two heart-shaped cores separated by a large circular air hole serve as two independent waveguides. The large circular air hole is infiltrated by sample cells from different body parts. Detection of cancer-contaminated cells by the proposed PCF is based on the mode-coupling theory. According to the mode-coupling theory, the guided optical light transmits periodically from one core to another, throughout the PCF length. During this transmission, the optical light interacts with the cancerous cell, which is filled in the center air hole of the PCF. Due to this interaction, the dip wavelength of the transmission spectrum is sensitive to the corresponding cancerous cell filled in the center air hole of the PCF. The variation in the PCF transmission spectrum for cancerous cells and their normal cells is observed by using the finite element method. The dip wavelength shift of the cancer cell in reference to its normal cell has been measured from the transmission spectrum to determine the sensing performance of the proposed sensor. The sensitivity achieved of the proposed sensor for cervical cancer cell, blood cancer cell, adrenal gland cancer cell, and breast cancer cells are 7916.67 nm/RIU, 8571.43 nm/RIU, 9285.71 nm/RIU, and 10,000 nm/RIU, respectively, with a maximum detection limit of 0.024. Therefore, the proposed PCF sensor suggests high sensitivity with a rapid cancer detection mechanism.
Compensation of color breaking in bi-focal depth-switchable integral floating augmented reality display with a geometrical phase lens
Authors: Choi Hee-Jin , Park YungKyung , Lee Hyeontaek , Joo Kyung-Il , Lee Tae-Hyun , Hong Sunghee , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: October 2020

A bi-focal integral floating system using a geometrical phase (GP) lens can provide switchable integrated spaces with enhanced three-dimensional (3D) augmented reality (AR) depth expression. However, due to the chromatic aberration properties of the GP lens implemented for the switchable depth-floating 3D images, the floated 3D AR images with the red/green/blue (R/G/B) colors are formed at different depth locations with different magnification effects, which causes color breaking. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to resolve the color breaking problem by integrating the R/G/B elemental images with compensated depths and sizes along with experiments to demonstrate the improved results. When we evaluated the color differences of the floated 3D AR images based on CIEDE2000, the experimental results of the depth-switchable integral floating 3D AR images showed that the color accuracies were greatly improved after applying a pre-compensation scheme to the R/G/B sub-images in both concave and convex lens operation modes of the bi-focal switching GP floating lens.
Dynamic metabolic reprogramming in dendritic cells: An early response to influenza infection that is essential for effector function
Authors: Rezinciuc Svetlana , Bezavada Lavanya , Bahadoran Azadeh , Duan Susu , Wang Ruoning , Lopez-Ferrer Daniel , Finkelstein David , McGargill Maureen A. , Green Douglas R. , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Smallwood Heather S.
Published: October 2020

Infection with the influenza virus triggers an innate immune response that initiates the adaptive response to halt viral replication and spread. However, the metabolic response fueling the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in innate immune cell homeostasis remain undefined. Although influenza increases parasitized cell metabolism, it does not productively replicate in dendritic cells. To dissect these mechanisms, we compared the metabolism of dendritic cells to that of those infected with active and inactive influenza A virus and those treated with toll-like receptor agonists. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, pulse chase substrate utilization assays and metabolic flux measurements, we found global metabolic changes in dendritic cells 17 hours post infection, including significant changes in carbon commitment via glycolysis and glutaminolysis, as well as mitochondrial respiration. Influenza infection of dendritic cells led to a metabolic phenotype distinct from that induced by TLR agonists, with significant resilience in terms of metabolic plasticity. We identified c-Myc as one transcription factor modulating this response. Restriction of c-Myc activity or mitochondrial substrates significantly changed the immune functions of dendritic cells, such as reducing motility and T cell activation. Transcriptome analysis of inflammatory dendritic cells isolated following influenza infection showed similar metabolic reprogramming occursin vivo. Thus, early in the infection process, dendritic cells respond with global metabolic restructuring, that is present in inflammatory lung dendritic cells after infection, and this is important for effector function. These findings suggest metabolic switching in dendritic cells plays a vital role in initiating the immune response to influenza infection.
Effector prediction and characterization in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae reveal host-recognized WY domain proteins that lack the canonical RXLR motif
Authors: Wood Kelsey J. , Nur Munir , Gil Juliana , Fletcher Kyle , Lakeman Kim , Gann Dasan , Gothberg Ayumi , Khuu Tina , Kopetzky Jennifer , Naqvi Sanye , Pandya Archana , Zhang Chi , Maisonneuve Brigitte , Pel Mathieu , Michelmore Richard
Published: October 2020

Pathogens that infect plants and animals use a diverse arsenal of effector proteins to suppress the host immune system and promote infection. Identification of effectors in pathogen genomes is foundational to understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis, for monitoring field pathogen populations, and for breeding disease resistance. We identified candidate effectors from the lettuce downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae by searching the predicted proteome for the WY domain, a structural fold found in effectors that has been implicated in immune suppression as well as effector recognition by host resistance proteins. We predicted 55 WY domain containing proteins in the genome of B. lactucae and found substantial variation in both sequence and domain architecture. These candidate effectors exhibit several characteristics of pathogen effectors, including an N-terminal signal peptide, lineage specificity, and expression during infection. Unexpectedly, only a minority of B. lactucae WY effectors contain the canonical N-terminal RXLR motif, which is a conserved feature in the majority of cytoplasmic effectors reported in Phytophthora spp. Functional analysis of 21 effectors containing WY domains revealed 11 that elicited cell death on wild accessions and domesticated lettuce lines containing resistance genes, indicative of recognition of these effectors by the host immune system. Only two of the 11 recognized effectors contained the canonical RXLR motif, suggesting that there has been an evolutionary divergence in sequence motifs between genera; this has major consequences for robust effector prediction in oomycete pathogens.
Endovascular treatment results in patients with large cerebral artery occlusions in a metropolis. Moscow Stroke Registry data over 2019
Authors: Skrypnik D. V. , Anisimov K. V. , Botsina A. Yu. , Kiseleva T. V. , Grachev S. P. , Shamalov N. A. , Vasilyeva E. Yu. , Shpektor A. V.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to assess results from the Stroke Network created on the basis of the Infarction Network in the metropolis Moscow for endovascular treatment in patients with occlusion of the large cerebral artery (the internal carotid artery, the M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery, and the main artery).

Patients and methods. A total of 742 thromboextractions were performed in patients with ischemic stroke in Moscow Stroke Network hospitals in 2019. The final analysis included 729 patients aged 25 to 97 years (mean age, 71 years); of them there were 370 (50.8%) men and 359 (49.2%) women. The selection criteria for endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke were consistent with those set out in the 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines, which included a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score of 0–1; ≥18 years of age; a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≥6; and an Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT score (ASPECTS) ≥6. The angiographic results were assessed using the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale. The clinical outcomes were measured with the NIHSS and the MRS.

Results and discussion. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b/3) was achieved in 547 (75%) patients. The predominant technique for thromboextraction was thromboaspiration that was used in 376 (51.6%) patients. Combined procedures (the co-use of an aspiration catheter and a stent retriever) were the second most commonly used – in 231 (31.7%) patients. By the end of the 20th day, good functional recovery (MSR 0–2 scores) was observed in 213 (29.2%) patients. The 20-day mortality rate was 31.8%.

Conclusion. The successfully functioning Infarction Network in Moscow was used to create the Stroke Network for treatment in patients with ischemic stroke and large cerebral artery occlusion, the clinical results of which are comparable to large European registry studies.
JUSTIFICATION OF HIKING DISTANCE AS A KIND OF TEST WITHIN THE ALL-RUSSIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TRAINING PROGRAM “READY FOR LABOUR AND DEFENCE” FOR GIRLS
Authors: Nikolaev E , Surikova N , Chuprova E , Gomboev B , Uvarov V
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to provide rationale for a hiking distance of 15 km to be included into the All-Russian physical education and sports training program “Ready for Labour and Defense” among teenagers (6th level). Materials and methods. Students (n = 15) aged from 18 to 21 years participated in the study. The following physiological methods were used: heart rate monitoring, blood pressure and cardiac output measurements, ECG recording and interpretation according to the method of A. Zavyalov, mental state assessment with the Well-being, activity, mood (WAM) questionnaire. Results. Female participants of the hiking trip demonstrated significant changes in the functional status in terms of the indicators studied during the distance of 9, 12 and 15 km (ECG – 18 ± 1,51, the WAM indicator – 5.2 at the beginning and 4.1 at the end of the trip, heart rate – 100 BPM, cardiac output increased from 5418 to 5640 ml). Conclusion. Analysis of the main indicators of the functional status during the hiking trip allows us to conclude that a distance of 15 km is optimal for girls. However, variable conditions are possible for girls in terms of distance reduction to 12 km. Final recommendations require additional research.
Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, and its product characteristics of grape stem
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Wang Liangcai , Wu Yishuang , Chen Yu , Ma Huanhuan , Zhou Hao , Zhu Zhengxiang , Liu Shasha , Zhou Jianbin
Published: October 2020

Grape stem is a kind of agricultural and forestry waste. A fundamental understanding of grape stem pyrolysis behavior and kinetics is essential for its efficient thermochemical conversion. Thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, combined with two model-free integral methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) were used to investigate the weight loss behavior, the distribution and content of rapid pyrolysis products, the release law of small molecule pyrolysis gases, and the pyrolysis activation energy during pyrolysis. The results showed that the main pyrolysis reaction temperature ranged from 240 °C to 690 °C. The pyrolysis reaction of grape stems at 200 °C to 700 °C was divided into three stages: 0.15 < α < 0.35, 0.35 < α < 0.65, and 0.65 < α < 0.75, which corresponded to the main pyrolysis stages of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, respectively. The products of rapid pyrolysis at 290 °C were mainly composed of acids and sugars, while the products at 355 °C were mainly phenolics. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the pyrolysis gasification test of grape stem.
The theoretical vision of social adaptation: state, views, approach
Authors:   Research Institute of Social-Labor Relations, Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, Kravtsov S. O.
Published: October 2020

The formation and development of the theoretical vision of a social adaptation are clarified. Some trends and separate views of famous sociologists, economists, psychologists, and public figures-scientists on its functioning are analyzed. Main models of the process of social adaptation of a person to various socio-economic conditions are outlined.
The inoformation culture of state’s management under the globalization
Authors:   Kyiv International University, Kislov V. V. , Kislov D. V. ,   National Institute for International Security Issues at the Security and Defense Council of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The main contradictions of the formation of a new informational culture of government officials under new conditions of the globalization are shown.
Timing of Puberty Suppression and Surgical Options for Transgender Youth
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , van Gelder Zosha J. , Mullender Margriet G. , Steensma Thomas D. , de Vries Annelou L.C. , Bouman Mark-Bram
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Puberty suppression (PS) is a cornerstone of treatment in youth experiencing gender dysphoria. In this study, we aim to inform prescribing professionals on the long-term effects of PS treatment on the development of sex characteristics and surgical implications.

METHODS:

Participants received PS according to the Endocrine Society guideline at Tanner 2 or higher. Data were collected from adolescents who received PS between 2006 and 2013 and from untreated transgender controls. Data collection pre- and post-PS and before surgery included physical examination and surgical information.

RESULTS:

In total, 300 individuals (184 transgender men and 116 transgender women) were included. Of these, 43 individuals started PS treatment at Tanner 2/3, 157 at Tanner 4/5, and 100 used no PS (controls). Breast development was significantly less in transgender men who started PS at Tanner 2/3 compared with those who started at Tanner 4/5 and controls. Mastectomy was more frequently omitted or less invasive after PS. In transgender women, the mean penile length was significantly shorter in the PS groups compared with controls (by 4.8 cm [Tanner 2/3] and 2.1 cm [Tanner 4/5]). As a result, the likelihood of undergoing intestinal vaginoplasty was increased (odds ratio = 84 [Tanner 2/3]; odds ratio = 9.8 [Tanner 4/5]).

CONCLUSIONS:

PS reduces the development of sex characteristics in transgender adolescents. As a result, transgender men may not need to undergo mastectomy, whereas transgender women may require an alternative to penile inversion vaginoplasty. These surgical implications should inform decision-making when initiating PS.
Challenging Traditional Islamic Authority: The Impact of Social Media in Indonesia
Authors: Hosen Nadirsyah
Published: October 2020

Islamic teaching is, in fact, the product of a very slow and gradual process of interpretation of the Qur’an and the collection, verification and interpretation of the Hadith during the first three centuries of Islam (the seventh to the ninth centuries AD). This process took place amongst scholars and jurist who developed their own methodology for classification of sources, derivation of specific rules from general principles, and so forth. The traditionalist approach of learning Arabic, for instance, take years to complete and memorising the Arabic grammar takes a long time. Traditionalist Islamic institutions such as pesantren and madrasah produce Kiai, or Muslim clergy and scholars that inevitably create an elite group of scholars. They become the authority who determine the correct interpretation of the Holy books. However, in the era of the social media, such traditional authority has been challenged. Anyone could become a scholar of Islam and to criticise the Kiai harshly. My presentation will critically evaluate this new situation faced by the Indonesian Muslim scholars and to discuss the roots of the problems.
Peluang dan Tantangan Majelis Taklim pada Era Teknologi Informasi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Sosiologi Dakwah: Studi Kasus Majelis Taklim Jabal Al-Rahma di Perumahan Bukit Lawang Indah
Authors: Kurniati Kurniati
Published: October 2020

The existence of majelis taklim still plays an important role in delivering and assisting people entering the era of advancement in information technology. The positive impact of advances in information technology opens opportunities for majors to develop better. The negative impact is a challenge for the Taklim Council in trying to overcome the existing problems. The reason for choosing the perspective of propaganda sociology is because in reality people's lives experience very rapid, progressive changes, and often appear to be symptoms of disintegratis, namely loosening of loyalty to common values. This study aims to analyze the problem of the lack of attendance at the activities of the Taklim Jabal al Rahma Assembly. The research method used is descriptive qualitative approach to the propaganda sociology. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews as primary data and observation and literature literature as secondary data. This study uses Blumer's symbolic interactionism theory, in which Blumer has 3 main principles, namely meaning, language and thought. The results of the study found that there was a communication between the head of the taklim panel and members of the taklim board and the congregation taklim. The solution is to improve communication and optimize information technology to avoid disintegration which will endanger the continuity of Da'wa in the community itself.
Factors associated to adherence to hypertensive medicinal treatment for african descent people resident in quilombola community: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   State University of Southwest Bahia, Souza Rosa Randson , da Silva Jaine Kareny , dos Santos Ribeiro Ícaro José , de Freitas Mussi Ricardo Franklin , Oliveira Damasceno Rudson , Santana Cardoso Santos Isleide , Teixeira da Fonseca Jorge Lucas , Silva de Oliveira Boery Rita Narriman
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is a severe public health problem, especially in African descent people, such as those living in quilombos. Drug adherence helps reducing blood pressure levels. However, little is known about the factors related to drug adherence in hypertensive people living in the urban quilombola community. Objetive: To analyze the adherence to drug treatment and factors associated with cardiovascular health in Afro-descendants with hypertension, living in families from the urban quilombola community. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional delineate, community-based census study carried out in an urban quilombola community in a municipality of the Brazilian northeast. The study population consisted of 302 people between 35 and 79 years old, of both genders and with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension registered in medical records of the adscript basic health unit. The following instruments were used for data collect: a questionnaire on arterial hypertension in primary care and Morisky's drug adherence scale (MMAS-8). Results: There was a predominance of black hypertensive female subjects, low schooling and financial income, resident with relatives, retirees and not working. In the analysis of multiple regression the following was associated with drug adherence: Female Gender (OR 0.50 95% IC: 0.29-0.89, Adjusted OR 0.49 95% CI: 0.29-0.84), age (OR 0,96 95% IC: 0.96-0.99 Adjusted OR 0.95 95% CI: 0.93-0.97) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 1,00 95% IC: 0.99-1.02, Adjusted OR 1.11 95% CI:1.00-1.02). Of the hypertensive people who adhered to the medication, 91% lived with a companion and the majority had a sedentary behavior. Conclusions: The variables gender, age and SBP influence drug adherence of hypertensive people living in the urban quilombola community. Living with relatives can positively influence this adherence. Promoting interventions that encourage the adoption of healthy life habits can potentiate blood pressure control.
Intervenciones en violencia de género en pareja: Articulo de Revisión de la Literatura
Authors:   Universidad El Bosque, Salas Cubillos Nathaly , García Charry Viviana Carolina , Zapata Losada Leydy Vanesa , Díaz Usme Olga Stella
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La violencia es reconocida, como problemática de salud pública. La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que una de cada tres mujeres ha sido víctima de violencia y que esta se presenta al interior del hogar siendo ejercida en la mayoría de los casos por la pareja o ex pareja, se alude a la violencia de género al interior de la relación de pareja, propósito de esta revisión. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de la literatura según criterios del Joanna Briggs Institute, con el objetivo de sintetizar el conocimiento relacionado con los tipos de intervención reportados. Se realizó la búsqueda con términos normalizados en bases de datos indexadas periodo 2010 a 2019, que arrojo 103 artículos. Posterior al análisis de criterios de calidad según metodología Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español Resultados: Se seleccionaron 24 originados en Europa, Latinoamérica y África. Reportan principalmente intervenciones a nivel de psicoeducación desde la perspectiva de género y el modelo piramidal realizadas con hombres, mujeres víctimas y parejas adultas, así como con adolescentes y profesionales. La psico educación se orientó a reflexionar sobre las creencias culturalmente asociadas a los roles de género. Conclusiones: Se resalta la efectividad de las intervenciones a nivel de prevención y como principales limitaciones se describe el seguimiento y la dificultad para realizar intervenciones con la pareja, lo cual plantea interrogantes acerca del reconocimiento de las dinámicas de violencia en la pareja y su red de apoyo.
Physiological responses of seeds from full-sib guava families to different substrate temperatures
Authors: Maitan Mariana Quintas , Viana Alexandre Pio , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Silva Carla Caroline Amaral da , Rodrigues Daniele Lima , Leal Lucas Souza da Silva
Published: October 2020

Abstract Guava is an important fruit in Brazil and worldwide. However, research has yet to advance on its breeding and seed technology, an essential factor for the development of productive genotypes with germination potential which would support the continuity of breeding programs. In search of a methodology for routine analysis testing of guava seeds under genetic control, this study examined the effect of temperature and substrate on the germination of guava seeds from full-sib families. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of the combination of five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and four substrates (paper roll, on-paper, in-sand and on-sand), with eight replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, germination speed index and live ungerminated seeds were evaluated. The alternating temperatures of 20-30 and 25-35 °C and the paper roll, on-paper and in-sand substrates are adequate conditions for germination tests with guava seeds.
Effect of biological maturation on gross motor coordination in boys: a mediation analysis
Authors: Bezerra-Santos Douglas Henrique , Luz Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira , Silva-Lima Braulio Patrick da , Santos-Pinheiro Ingrid Kelly Alves dos , da Cunha-Júnior Arnaldo Tenório , Medeiros Humberto Jefferson de
Published: October 2020

Abstract Introduction: The literature emphasizes the importance of acquiring good motor coordination in the early years of life and its relationship with physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and adulthood. Objective: To analyze the effect of biological maturation on the motor coordination in boys. Method: The sample was composed by 203 boys between 11 and 14 years old. Height, body mass, sitting height, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds were measured. Somatic maturation (SM) was assessed by maturity offset (estimated age at peak height velocity). The gross motor coordination was evaluated by Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) battery. Results: The SM exerted an effect on the walking backward on balance beams (WB) mediated by the WC. Conclusion: The results showed that the performance of boys in the WB was negatively influenced by the greater volume of fat in the trunk related to a more advanced state of SM.
Edição & Censura: a materialidade dos panfletos de Sir Roger L’Estrange no início dos anos 1660
Authors: LIMA VERÔNICA CALSONI
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Sir Roger L’Estrange foi um autor, panfletista, jornalista, tradutor e censor, cujas atividades tiveram grande impacto no desenvolvimento dos sistemas de controle da imprensa no período da Restauração de Carlos II ao trono da Inglaterra. Associando seu posto de Surveyor of the Press aos seus escritos, L’Estrange perseguiu os opositores do governo por meio de suas ações repressoras e de sua ágil pena. Seus panfletos e jornais impressos dedicavam-se a denunciar os abusos cometidos por autores, impressores e livreiros sediciosos que produziam e dispersavam textos contra o rei e a igreja, visando agitar o povo a iniciar uma nova revolução. A composição de suas obras, que comumente dependia do trabalho de seu livreiro e aliado Henry Brome, era peculiar. Seus textos congregavam fontes romanas, itálicas, góticas, notas marginais e sinais tipográficos variados. Essa multiplicidade de tipos e elementos gráficos tinha profundas consequências na transmissão e compreensão de suas mensagens, pois combinavam escrita/leitura, visualidade e oralidade. Embora essa composição não fosse estranha ao gênero polêmico, empregado para combater adversários políticos e religiosos, parece-nos possível afirmar que Roger L’Estrange tinha um estilo tipográfico particular que servia aos seus objetivos repressores. Por meio da análise material e textual de seus panfletos publicados no início dos anos 1660, pretendemos discutir as implicações da função de autor-censor desempenhada por L’Estrange no contexto da Restauração.
A primeira página da história: configuração material e funções da folha de rosto em livros de história alemães do século XVIII
Authors: ARAÚJO ANDRÉ DE MELO
Published: October 2020

RESUMO A partir da análise de 192 folhas de rosto de obras históricas alemãs setecentistas impressas predominantemente com tipos móveis, este artigo investiga quais foram os elementos e os agentes históricos envolvidos no processo de composição gráfica dessas peças, quais as funções que elas exercem no mercado editorial alemão setecentista e que tipo de conexões suas configurações materiais revelam. A primeira seção deste artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os parâmetros definidores do corpus documental da pesquisa, bem como oferecer uma análise formal da folha de rosto nos termos de um dispositivo gráfico setecentista. Em seguida, observam-se os padrões de composição tipográfica das peças aqui investigadas com o objetivo de salientar a dimensão cultural e, consequentemente, histórica das escolhas operadas pelos compositores ao configurar as folhas de rosto nas oficinas de impressão. Na terceira seção, confere-se destaque à operação gráfica levada adiante por editores, impressores e gravuristas, tanto para analisar as transformações visuais verificadas no corpus documental da pesquisa a partir de uma perspectiva cronológica quanto para compreender a função que os elementos impressos na folha de rosto exercem. Na seção seguinte, examinam-se os vestígios materiais deixados pelas mãos dos agentes envolvidos na produção das folhas de rosto setecentistas alemãs com o objetivo de destacar a natureza coletiva do trabalho do qual resulta o artefato impresso. Por fim, investiga-se na quinta e última seção deste artigo a presença de ornamentos estampados em distintas peças produzidas ao longo da década de 1780 com o objetivo de estabelecer, a partir da análise material das imagens impressas, conexões entre os agentes que deixaram as suas marcas já na primeira página dos livros de história.
“Papel, penas e drogas para tinta”: materiais de escritório na administração diamantina do século XVIII
Authors: QUINTÃO RÉGIS CLEMENTE
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Este artigo aborda a importação, a circulação e o uso de materiais de escritório pela Real Extração dos Diamantes, em Minas Gerais, no último quartel do século XVIII, indagando sobre sua importância para a administração e o controle fiscal pretendidos pelas autoridades do período. A partir de fontes pertencentes ao fundo Erário Régio do Arquivo Histórico do Tribunal de Contas de Portugal, desvelamos o expediente daquela instituição e o consumo de livros contábeis, papéis de diversas qualidades e fabricantes europeus, penas de escrever e substâncias utilizadas na confecção da tinta ferrogálica. O estudo desses elementos evidencia não apenas sua relevância para as atividades burocráticas daquela sociedade, mas também uma dimensão material que estamos pouco acostumados a enxergar no passado. Afinal, conhecer esses insumos e artefatos possibilita a compreensão de algumas condições de produção dos documentos preservados nos arquivos e bibliotecas.
The use of serious games as an innovative educational strategy for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an integrative review
Authors: Siqueira Tainá Vilhar , Nascimento Juliana da Silva Garcia , Oliveira Jordana Luiza Gouvêa de , Regino Daniela da Silva Garcia , Dalri Maria Celia Barcellos
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in literature on the use of serious games for health students to learn about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: Integrative review in PubMed / MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL databases. Included primary studies, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, from January 2009 to August 2019. The Rayyan software was used for study selection. Results: We identified 115 studies, and 8 composed the sample, categorizing two domains: : Intention of the study with regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the serious game, and method used by the serious game to teach CPR. Conclusion: Medical students are the main audience for serious game learning, and the main intentions of the games are to compare their effectiveness with traditional methodologies and knowledge retention. The method adopted is the description of a cardiorespiratory arrest for training. The serious game proved effective for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The accuracy of the Manchester Triage System in an emergency service
Authors: Costa Jaqueline Pereira da , Nicolaidis Rafael , Gonçalves Ana Valeria Furquim , Souza Emiliane Nogueira de , Blatt Carine Raquel
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the accuracy of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) and the outcomes of adult patients in an emergency hospital service. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted through an inspection of records of risk classification of adult patients treated in the emergency service of a hospital. Results: The patients (n = 400) were classified according to priority levels, in red (0.8%), orange (58.2%), and yellow (41.0%). The accuracy levels between auditors and nurses were substantial for the flowchart (K = 0.75), and moderate for discriminating factors (k = 0.46) and priority levels (k = 0.42). The accuracy of the MTS was 68.8% with regard to priority levels. Regarding outcomes, 60% of patients were discharged, 37% were transferred to other units, and 3% died. Conclusion: The MTS proved to be a good predictor of the assessed outcomes, showing that 65.9% of Low Urgency patients progress to discharges, and 3.8% of High Urgency patients progress to death. The accuracy of the MTS was moderate, which suggests the need to implement inspections in emergency services.
Video-assisted debriefing technique for nursing simulation: how to proceed?
Authors: Nascimento Juliana da Silva Garcia , Pereira Isabela Meira , Regino Daniela da Silva Garcia , Silva Aline Roberta da , Oliveira Jordana Luiza Gouvêa de , Dalri Maria Celia Barcellos
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify elements in scientific literature that make the video-assisted debriefing technique feasible in the teaching and learning process, in nursing simulation. Method: Integrative literature review, conducted from May to July of 2019. Primary studies, with no time frame, were selected in Portuguese, English or Spanish, in the PubMed®, Scopus®, CINAHL and LILACS databases, using the Rayyan application. Qualitative analysis was adopted. Results: 205 studies were initially identified, six of which were selected and categorized into: “Elements that make up the video-assisted debriefing technique”; "Benefits of using the video-assisted debriefing technique" and "Challenges of using the video-assisted debriefing technique". Conclusions: The elements that made the video-assisted debriefing technique feasible in the teaching and learning process in nursing were concept, objectives, material resources and procedure. The main benefit was the immediate recognition of behaviors, and the challenge was the risk that the video would make debriefing tiring and humiliating.
Lupus-like nephritis with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and negative antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Santos Joana Eugénio , Vicente Rita , Malvar Beatriz , Santos Iolanda , Coimbra Miguel , Amoedo Manuel , Pires Carlos
Published: October 2020

Abstract Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are associated with small vessel vasculitis but their prevalence is not rare in other immune diseases. In lupus nephritis (LN), their pathological role and clinical relevance have been the target of controversial views. We present a case of acute kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome in a young woman with diffuse global proliferative and membranous nephritis on her kidney biopsy, showing a full-house immunofluorescence pattern, very allusive of class IV + V LN, but lacking associated clinical criteria and laboratory findings to support the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, the patient presented with high titers of ANCA, steadily decreasing alongside the renal function and proteinuria improvements, with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroid treatment. The authors believe this is a case of lupus-like nephritis, in which ANCAs are immunological markers, although they are not directly involved in the pathogenesis.
Wide application feasibility report on graphene
Authors: Sharma Bijay Kumar
Published: October 2020

In 2005, Dennard scaling, which had hitherto delivered the performance enhancement of integrated circuit (IC) chips, completely collapsed. Hence, the need for new materials and material research emerged. Two-dimensional (2D) graphene emerged as a device material, and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (BN) has emerged as the ideal substrate material. For the ongoing digital revolution to be sustained, petabit/second and exabit/second transmission links are needed. Graphene technology has matured to the level where functional graphene ICs on the wafer scale can be implemented, such as frequency multipliers, high-frequency graphene analog amplifiers and quaternary digital modulation circuits. These functional graphene ICs can be fabricated at the wafer scale because of the development of the imperfection-immune paradigm called very-large-scale-integration-compatible metallic carbon (C) nanotube removal technique. To harness the exotic properties of graphene nanomaterials in real-life applications at the macro scale, three-dimensional graphene-based monoliths have been developed, which could become the basis of future batteries and solar cells. Terahertz graphene chips will herald peta- and exabit rate optical fiber communication, which is the answer to the large data workload of the Internet. Graphene is emerging as an important thermoelectric material that is capable of converting temperature difference into electric current.