bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral flow fluorescent immunoassay based on isothermal amplification for rapid quantitative detection ofSalmonellaspp.
Authors: Zhuang Linlin , Gong Jiansen , Ji Yongxin , Tian Peilong , Kong Fei , Bai Huiyuan , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2020

A novel, rapid and sensitive lateral flow fluorescent immunoassay combined with strand exchange amplification (SEA-LFIA) for the quantitative detection ofSalmonellaspp. was developed.
Analysis of hazardous chemicals by “stand alone” drift tube ion mobility spectrometry: a review
Authors: Armenta S. , Esteve-Turrillas F. A. , Alcalà M.
Published: January 2020

Drift tube-ion mobility spectrometry (DT-IMS) is a widely used technique for the determination of semi-volatile hazardous chemicals based on gas phase ion separation under an electric field by differences in ion mobilities.
Chemical dual-site capture of NH3 by unprecedentedly low-viscosity deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Jiang Wen-Jing , Zhong Fu-Yu , Zhou Lin-Sen , Peng Hai-Long , Fan Jie-Ping , Huang Kuan
Published: January 2020

It is found that ethylamine hydrochloride (EaCl) and phenol (PhOH) can form a new type of deep eutectic solvent (DES) with quite low viscosity, and two active sites for chemical absorption of NH3.
Phototriggered labeling and crosslinking by 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol derivatives with amine selectivity
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Liu Yuan , Bao Chunyan , Xue Yuan , Zhou Yaowu , Zhang Dasheng , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong
Published: January 2020

2-Nitrobenzyl alcohol was developed as a new photoreactive group with amine selectivity, which exhibited efficient labeling and crosslinking of biomolecules.
Copper-mediated tandem ring-opening/cyclization reactions of cyclopropanols with aryldiazonium salts: synthesis of N-arylpyrazoles
Authors: Liu Jidan , Xu Erjie , Jiang Jinyuan , Huang Zeng , Zheng Liyao , Liu Zhao-Qing
Published: January 2020

A general method for the synthesis of structurally diverse N-arylpyrazoles from readily available cyclopropanols and aryldiazonium salts is disclosed.
Fano-like chiroptical response in plasmonic heterodimer nanostructures
Authors: Tian Xiaorui , Sun Shuli , Leong Eunice Sok Ping , Zhu Guodong , Teng Jinghua , Zhang Baile , Fang Yurui , Ni Weihai , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: January 2020

Fano resonance and Fano-like circular dichroism induced by electric–magnetic dipole coupling are observed in a simple heterodimer nanostructure.
Selective hydrogenation of 2-pentenal using highly dispersed Pt catalysts supported on ZnSnAl mixed metal oxides derived from layered double hydroxides
Authors: Wang Huanjun , Lan Xiaocheng , Wang Shiqing , Ali Babar , Wang Tiefeng
Published: January 2020

Highly dispersed Pt catalysts supported on ZnSnAl mixed metal oxides showed high selectivity for 2-pentenol in selective hydrogenation of 2-pentenal.
Synergy effect between photocatalysis and heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysis on Ti-doped LaFeO3 perovskite for high efficiency light-assisted water treatment
Authors: Garcia-Muñoz Patricia , Fresno Fernando , Lefevre Christophe , Robert Didier , Keller Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Synergy effect between photocatalysis and H2O2-mediated heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysis on highly robust Ti-substituted La1−xTixFeO3 perovskites led to high performances under UV-A light in water treatment.
Novel phthiocol-based organometallics with tridentate coordination motif and their unexpected cytotoxic behaviour
Authors: Geisler Heiko , Wernitznig Debora , Hejl Michaela , Gajic Natalie , Jakupec Michael A. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: January 2020

Novel phthiocol-based organometallics with in situ formed tridentate N,O,O-coordination motif were established via three-component microwave assisted one-pot reaction.
Interpreting Tafel behavior of consecutive electrochemical reactions through combined thermodynamic and steady state microkinetic approaches
Authors: Mefford J. Tyler , Zhao Zhenghang , Bajdich Michal , Chueh William C.
Published: January 2020

A combined DFT and microkinetic model is developed to interpret the experimental oxygen evolution reaction Tafel behavior on CoOx(OH)2−x electrocatalysts.
Identification of the key physiological characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum strains for ulcerative colitis alleviation
Authors: Liu Yang , Sheng Yingyue , Pan Qiqi , Xue Yuzheng , Yu Leilei , Tian Fengwei , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei
Published: January 2020

The conjugated linoleic acid synthesis ability is a key physiological characteristic for the ulcerative colitis alleviating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum.
An array microhabitat device with dual gradients revealed synergistic roles of nitrogen and phosphorous in the growth of microalgae
Authors: Liu Fangchen , Yazdani Mohammad , Ahner Beth A. , Wu Mingming
Published: January 2020

Using an array microhabitat device, we generated dual gradients of critical nutrients, and showed their synergistic effect on microalgal growth.
Changes in mammalian copper homeostasis during microbial infection
Authors: Culbertson Edward M , Khan Aslam A , Muchenditsi Abigael , Lutsenko Svetlana , Sullivan David J , Petris Michael J , Cormack Brendan P , Culotta Valeria C
Published: January 2020

Animals carefully control homeostasis of Cu, a metal that is both potentially toxic and an essential nutrient. During infection, various shifts in Cu homeostasis can ensue. In mice infected with Candida albicans, serum Cu progressively rises and at late stages of infection, liver Cu rises, while kidney Cu declines. The basis for these changes in Cu homeostasis was poorly understood. We report here that the progressive rise in serum Cu is attributable to liver production of the multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp). Through studies using Cp−/− mice, we find this elevated Cp helps recover serum Fe levels at late stages of infection, consistent with a role for Cp in loading transferrin with Fe. Cp also accounts for the elevation in liver Cu seen during infection, but not for the fluctuations in kidney Cu. The Cu exporting ATPase ATP7B is one candidate for kidney Cu control, but we find no change in the pattern of kidney Cu loss during infection of Atp7b−/− mice, implying alternative mechanisms. To test whether fungal infiltration of kidney tissue was required for kidney Cu loss, we explored other paradigms of infection. Infection with the intravascular malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei caused a rise in serum Cu and decrease in kidney Cu similar to that seen with C. albicans. Thus, dynamics in kidney Cu homeostasis appear to be a common feature among vastly different infection paradigms. The implications for such Cu homeostasis control in immunity are discussed.
Terminal methyl as a one-carbon synthon: synthesis of quinoxaline derivativesviaradical-type transformation
Authors: Wang Xinfeng , Liu Huanhuan , Xie Caixia , Zhou Feiyu , Ma Chen
Published: January 2020

An iron-promoted method for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives has been developed. Various solvents with terminal methyl group, including ethers, amines and dimethyl sulfoxide, were utilized as carbon sources for the synthesis.
Large-scale, low-cost, broadband and tunable perfect optical absorber based on phase-change material
Authors: Mou Nanli , Liu Xiaolong , Wei Tao , Dong Hongxing , He Qiong , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yaqiang , Zhang Long , Sun Shulin
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a large-scale, low-cost, broadband, and tunable metamaterial absorber using phase change material. Based on two distinct resonance mechanisms, the device exhibits high absorptivity for both visible and near-IR lights.
Expanding the structural diversity of peptide assemblies by coassembling dipeptides with diphenylalanine
Authors: Tang Yiming , Yao Yifei , Wei Guanghong
Published: January 2020

Coassembly of dipeptides and FF leads to diverse nanostructures.
AgO-decorated multi-dimensional chrysanthemum-like NiCo2O4 mounted on nickel foam as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Jianzhi , Wang Miao , Li Pan , Tong Jing , Yu Faquan
Published: January 2020

The highly hierarchical mesoporous structure of NiCo2O4/AgO bestowed the high surface area and AgO upgraded the ratio of Co3+/Co2+.
A kirigami-inspired island-chain design for wearable moistureproof perovskite solar cells with high stretchability and performance stability
Authors: Qi Jiabin , Xiong Hao , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi
Published: January 2020

Stretchable and water-resistant textile-compatible photovoltaics add power-generation functionality to clothing, opening a new avenue for applications in wearable electronics.
Surface-initiated polymerization for the preparation of magnetic polymer composites
Authors: Wang Yang , Shi Lin , Jin Yajin , Sun Si , Gao Pengcheng , Wei Yingying , Wang Zhifei , Jiang Yong
Published: January 2020

A surface-initiated polymerization method is shown for the preparation of magnetic polymer composites with the good encapsulation of magnetic materials.
Solvent-assisted linker exchange enabled preparation of cerium-based metal–organic frameworks constructed from redox active linkers
Authors: Son Florencia A. , Atilgan Ahmet , Idrees Karam B. , Islamoglu Timur , Farha Omar K.
Published: January 2020

Preparation of Ce(iv)-based MOFs with redox active linkers, unattainable de novo, using SALE for the detoxification of chemical warfare agents.
Investigation on the role of different conductive polymers in supercapacitors based on a zinc sulfide/reduced graphene oxide/conductive polymer ternary composite electrode
Authors: Xu Zichen , Zhang Zhiqiang , Yin Huiling , Hou Shengxian , Lin Hongtao , Zhou Jin , Zhuo Shuping
Published: January 2020

Conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh) and poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), play an important role in the application of pseudocapacitors.
An ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of rice-straw-based porous carbon with high performance symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Guolang , Yin Jingzhou , Sun Zechun , Gao Xiaoliang , Zhu Fengxia , Zhao Pusu , Li Rongqing , Xu Jiaying
Published: January 2020

Rice-straw-based porous carbon was successfully prepared via an ultrasonic-assisted method to lower activation temperature and for ultra-stable electrode materials of symmetric supercapacitors.
Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in health and medical science: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Xi-wu , Li Qiu-han , Xu Zuo-di , Dou Jin-jin
Published: January 2020

Metabolomics is the study of the investigation of small molecules derived from cellular and organism metabolism, which reflects the outcomes of the complex network of biochemical reactions in living systems.
Investigation of the structure and performance of Li[Li0.13Ni0.305Mn0.565]O2Li-rich cathode materials derived from eco-friendly and simple coating techniques
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Cao Zhaoxia , Dong Hongyu , Shi Zhenpu , Zhang Huishuang , Li Junyi , Yang Shuaijia , Yang Shuting
Published: January 2020

Constructing uniform nanoceramic coating layers is a well-known challenge in the field of coating materials.
Comparative study of Ni(ii) adsorption by pristine and oxidized multi-walled N-doped carbon nanotubes
Authors: Balog Renata , Manilo Maryna , Vanyorek Laszlo , Csoma Zoltan , Barany Sandor
Published: January 2020

The principles and mechanisms of adsorption of Ni(ii) ions by well characterized pristine and oxidized N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) are described and discussed.
Modified top-down approach for synthesis of molybdenum oxide quantum dots: sonication induced chemical etching of thin films
Authors: Borah Dibya Jyoti , Mostako Abu Talat Tahir , Borgogoi Angshuman Thunder , Saikia Prasanta Kumar , Malakar Ashim
Published: January 2020

A simple and modified top-down approach to synthesize molybdenum oxide (MoOx: x = 2, 3) quantum dots (QDs) is proposed in this study.
Gum acacia-based silver nanoparticles as a highly selective and sensitive dual nanosensor for Hg(ii) and fluorescence turn-off sensor for S2− and malachite green detection
Authors: Abbasi Ambreen , Hanif Summaiya , Shakir Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Gum acacia-stabilized silver nanoparticles for the detection of Hg(ii), S2− and malachite green.
Linear and nonlinear mechanical responses can be quite different in models for biological tissues
Authors: Sahu Preeti , Kang Janice , Erdemci-Tandogan Gonca , Manning M. Lisa
Published: January 2020

The fluidity of biological tissues – whether cells can change neighbors and rearrange – is important for their function.
Escape dynamics of liquid droplets confined between soft interfaces: non-inertial coalescence cascades
Authors: Chudak Maciej , Kwaks Jesse S. , Snoeijer Jacco H. , Darhuber Anton A.
Published: January 2020

We have studied the motion of liquid droplets located in the contact zone of two soft solids that are pressed together inside a liquid.
Nanosheet-assembled, hollowed-out hierarchical γ-Fe2O3 microrods for high-performance gas sensing
Authors: Song Zhijia , Chen Hanming , Bao Susu , Xie Zhaoxiong , Kuang Qin , Zheng Lansun
Published: January 2020

Nanosheet-assembled, hollowed-out hierarchical γ-Fe2O3 microrods for ultrahigh-sensitive and fast response acetone detection were constructed through a MgO-mediated template conversion strategy.
Solid electrolyte interface stabilization via surface oxygen species functionalization in hard carbon for superior performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Hanjie , Wu Zhiliang , Wang Zhenyu , Qin Ning , Li Yingzhi , Cao Yulin , Lu Zhouguang
Published: January 2020

The solid electrolyte interface could be stabilized via surface oxygen species functionalization in hard carbon for superior performance sodium-ion batteries.
Nonaqueous electrolyte with dual-cations for high-voltage and long-life zinc batteries
Authors: Dong Yang , Di Shengli , Zhang Fangbo , Bian Xu , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Jianzhong , Wang Liubin , Cheng Fangyi , Zhang Ning
Published: January 2020

Nonaqueous electrolyte with dual-cations enables high-voltage and long-life zinc batteries based on polyanionic cathodes.
Large-area, green solvent spray deposited nickel oxide films for scalable fabrication of triple-cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kumar Neetesh , Lee Hock Beng , Hwang Sunbin , Kang Jae-Wook
Published: January 2020

A large-scale (64 cm2), spray-coated nickel oxide (NiO) film as a hole-transport layer has successfully yielded >17% efficiency in planar triple-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution over CdZnS nanocrystal solid solutions: interplay of twin structures, sulfur vacancies and sacrificial agents
Authors: Huang Hai-Bo , Fang Zhi-Bin , Yu Kai , Lü Jian , Cao Rong
Published: January 2020

Twinning CdZnS solid solution nanocrystals with rich sulfur vacancies show enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability for water splitting.
A novel multilayer composite structured thermoelectric module with high output power
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Hongchao , Su Wenbin , Wang Teng , Madre María A. , Zhai Jinze , Chen Tingting , Sotelo Andres , Wang Chunlei
Published: January 2020

A novel high-power MCTEM composed of several alternately stacked thermoelectric slices and inner electrodes is first proposed, which achieves parallel heat transfer and electrical parallel connection in a single element simultaneously.
DOX-loaded peptide dendritic copolymer nanoparticles for combating multidrug resistance by regulating the lysosomal pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Jianxi , Li Ning , Cao Lei , Gao Chao , Zhang Yan , Shuai Qizhi , Xie Jinghui , Luo Kui , Yang Jun , Gu Zhongwei
Published: January 2020

DOX-loaded peptide dendritic copolymer nanoparticles combat multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells by regulating the lysosomal pathway of apoptosis.
Structurally coloured contact lens sensor for point-of-care ophthalmic health monitoring
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Zhao Qilong , Du Xuemin
Published: January 2020

A structurally coloured contact lens sensor has been developed for point-of-care diagnosis of eye diseases.
PAMAM–PMAA brush-functionalized magnetic composite nanospheres: a smart nanoprobe with tunable selectivity for effective enrichment of mono-, multi-, or global phosphopeptides
Authors: Yu Lingzhu , Luo Bin , Li Zhiyu , He Jia , Lan Fang , Wu Yao
Published: January 2020

A novel PAMAM–PMAA brush functionalized magnetic composite nanosphere was successfully prepared for selective enrichment of mono-, multi-, or global phosphopeptides by modulating buffer polarity and acidity.
A dual-functional intelligent logic detector based on new Ln-MOFs: first visual logical probe for the two-dimensional monitoring of pyrethroid biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lian Xiao , Yan Bing
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) is flourishing in various fields, but the application of complex intelligent logic systems to the two-dimensional monitoring of biomarkers is quite rare.
Lanthanide based white-light-emitting hydrogel mediated by fluorescein and carbon dots with high quantum yield and multi-stimuli responsiveness
Authors: Xue Juan , Xu Xihan , Zhu Yi , Yang Dayong
Published: January 2020

A WLE hydrogel simultaneously possessing high quantum yield (18.00%) and multiple stimulus responsiveness is designed and synthesized. Our work provides a straightforward strategy to prepare smart white-light emission hydrogels.
Metal-free [3+3] benzannulation of 1-indanylidene-malononitrile with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates: direct access to functionalized fluorene and fluorenone derivatives
Authors: Xie Ya-Sa , Huang Run-Feng , Li Ran , Zhang Chuan-Bao , Fu Ji-Ya , Zhao Li-Li , Yuan Jin-Fang
Published: January 2020

An efficient [3+3] benzannulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with 1-indanylidenemalononitrile was achieved selectively delivering a wide range of functional fluorene or fluorenone compounds in high yields (up to 86% yields).
RCAN1.4 mediates high glucose-induced matrix production by stimulating mitochondrial fission in mesangial cells
Authors: Chen Hong-Min , Dai Jia-Jia , Zhu Rui , Sang Xue-Yu , Peng Fang-Fang , Yu Hong , Zhang Bai-Fang
Published: January 2020

High glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dynamic changes and oxidative damage are closely related to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent studies suggest that regulators of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in different cell types, so we investigate the role of RCAN1 in mitochondrial dynamics under HG ambience in rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs subjected to HG exhibited an isoform-specific up-regulation of RCAN1.4 at both mRNA and protein levels. RCAN1.4 overexpression induced translocation of Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) to mitochondria, mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization, accompanied by increased matrix production under normal glucose and HG ambience. In contrast, decreasing the expression of RCAN1.4 by siRNA inhibited HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix protein up-regulation. Moreover, both mitochondrial fission inhibitor Mdivi-1 and Drp1 shRNA prevented RCAN1.4-induced fibronectin up-regulation, suggesting that RCAN1.4-induced matrix production is dependent on its modulation of mitochondrial fission. Although HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation was achieved by activating calcineurin, RCAN1.4-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and matrix production is independent of calcineurin activity. These results provide the first evidence for the HG-induced RCAN1.4 up-regulation involving increased mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to matrix protein up-regulation.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine (Jinlong capsule) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu He , Wei Wenjie , Y. Mu , Dong Chengwei
Published: January 2020

Jinlong capsule (JLC), a type of herbal medicine, is considered to be a promising adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). Although an analysis of the published literature has been performed, the exact effects and safety of JLC are yet to be systematically investigated. Therefore, a wide-ranging systematic search of electronic databases to draw conclusions was performed. Data from 29 trials, including 2488 patients with advanced HC, were analyzed. The results indicated that, compared with conventional treatment alone, the combination of conventional treatment and JLC markedly improved overall patient response (odds ratio (OR) 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.49]; P<0.00001), disease control rate (DCR) (OR 2.17 [95% CI 1.74–2.71]; P<0.00001) and quality of life (QoL) (OR 2.71 [95% CI 2.05–3.58]; P<0.00001), and significantly prolonged 6- (P=0.01), 12- (P<0.00001), 24- (P=0.001) and 36-month (P<0.0001) overall survival (OS) rates. The immune function of patients was also significantly enhanced after combined conventional therapy and JLC treatment, indicated by clearly increased percentages of CD3+ (P<0.0001), CD4+ (P<0.00001) and natural killer (NK) cells (P=0.0003), and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0.00001). The incidence of leukopenia (P<0.00001), hepatotoxicity (P=0.005), and myelosuppression (P=0.0007) was lower in HC patients injected with JLC, whereas other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups (P>0.05). In summary, results of this meta-analysis suggest that the combination of conventional treatment and JLC is more effective for the treatment of HC than conventional treatment alone.
Translation elongation factor 1A2 is encoded by one of four closely related eef1a genes and is dispensable for survival in zebrafish
Authors: Idigo Nwamaka J. , Soares Dinesh C. , Abbott Catherine M.
Published: January 2020

Zebrafish are valuable model organisms for the study of human single-gene disorders: they are genetically manipulable, their development is well understood, and mutant lines with measurable, disease-appropriate phenotypic abnormalities can be used for high throughput drug screening approaches. However, gene duplication events in zebrafish can result in redundancy of gene function, masking loss-of-function phenotypes and thus confounding this approach to disease modelling. Furthermore, recent studies have yielded contrasting results depending on whether specific genes are targeted using genome editing to make mutant lines, or whether morpholinos are used (morphants). De novo missense mutations in the human gene EEF1A2, encoding a tissue-specific translation elongation factor, cause severe neurodevelopmental disorders; there is a real need for a model system to study these disorders and we wanted to explore the possibility of a zebrafish model. We identified four eef1a genes and examined their developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns: eef1a1l1 is first to be expressed while eef1a2 is only detected later during development. We then determined the effects of introducing null mutations into translation elongation factor 1A2 (eEF1A2) in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, in order to compare the results with previously described morphants, and with severe neurodegenerative lethal phenotype of eEF1A2-null mice. In contrast with both earlier analyses in zebrafish using morpholinos and with the mouse eEF1A2-null mice, disruption of the eef1a2 gene in zebrafish is compatible with normal lifespan. The resulting lines, however, may provide a valuable platform for studying the effects of expression of mutant human eEF1A2 mRNA.
Amplitude modulation method of the mechanically rotating‐based antenna
Authors: Zhang Jinsheng , Song Zhongguo , Zhang Duojia , Xi Xiaoli
Published: January 2020

This Letter presents an amplitude modulation method of the rotating‐based mechanical antenna that does not require the change in the rotational speed of the permanently polarised material as in frequency modulation, hence overcoming the mechanical design challenges. A mechanical‐based modulator is designed to control the attenuation of the radiation field in specific polarisation direction, and the signal reception in different polarisation directions is realised by using two‐axis orthogonal coils. The underlying physics is discussed and simulated using the basic electromagnetic theory, the design of transmitters is described, and a prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the modulation method.
ANN‐based method for parametric modelling and optimising efficiency, output power and material cost of BLDC motor
Authors: Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Rahmani Omid
Published: January 2020

This study presents a new method for parametric modelling and optimisation of a permanent‐magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor. We proposed an artificial neural network (ANN)‐based metric technique to combine and optimise different objective functions of a BLDC motor using ANN‐based models and compared with conventional optimisation methods with analytical models. To proceed with this optimisation problem, the function should be minimised. For applying constraints to this problem, a simple method called penalty factor is proposed, in which a penalty term was added to the function when the constraints are violated. We considered three goals in this optimisation: efficiency maximisation, speed maximisation and material cost minimisation. Since the load is constant torque in our case, more speed means more powerful motor, and to achieve the minimum material cost goal the volume of the magnet is set as an objective function. To find the optimum geometric parameters, we used gradient‐based method subject to non‐linear magnetic constraints. All the obtained results were validated by Ansoft Maxwell. Optimising using the proposed method including ANN‐based models does not require knowledge about complicated electric/magnetic equations. Also, ANN‐based BLDC motor model is more accurate than analytical models and faster than existing models in simulation tools.
Improved thermal model of forced air‐cooled motors considering heat transfer in wire‐wound winding and end region
Authors: Liu Fei , Hu Jianhui , Li Yong , Wang Qian
Published: January 2020

This study introduces an innovative thermal model to accurately consider the heat transfer in the winding and end region of forced air‐cooled motors, which is an attractive supplement of classical lumped parameter thermal network approaches. Through coupling of the analytical method and local numerical calculations, the effective length of the winding heat path and the air convection of the end region can be exactly considered. An improved analytical derivation of the equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding is applied. To reduce the errors caused by the irregular slot type, the winding thermal resistance is calculated by the 2D numerical calculations. After that, the 3D model of the end region is built to accurately calculate the end air velocity and end convection resistance. The unknown boundaries of the 3D end model are determined by a coupling iteration. The errors of the winding thermal resistance and end convection resistance are less than 3.12 and 11%, respectively, verified by simulations and temperature tests of the prototype. Finally, the mechanism of the end region convection and its influence on the temperature rise of the entire motor are discussed in detail.
Absolute calibration of the polarisation angle for future CMB B-mode experiments from current and future measurements of the Crab nebula
Authors: Aumont J. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Ritacco A. , Ponthieu N. , Mangilli A.
Published: January 2020

A tremendous international effort is currently dedicated to observing the so-called primordial B modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation. If measured, this faint signal, caused by the primordial gravitational wave background, would be evidence of the inflation epoch and quantify its energy scale, providing a rigorous test of fundamental physics far beyond the reach of accelerators. At the unprecedented sensitivity level that the new generation of CMB experiments aims to reach, every uncontrolled instrumental systematic effect will potentially result in an analysis bias that is larger than the much sought-after CMB B-mode signal. The absolute calibration of the polarisation angle is particularly important in this context because any associated error will end up in leakage from the much larger E modes into B modes. The Crab nebula (Tau A), with its bright microwave synchrotron emission, is one of the few objects in the sky that can be used as absolute polarisation calibrators. In this paper we review the currently best constraints on its polarisation angle from 23 to 353 GHz at typical angular scales for CMB observations from WMAP, XPOL, Planck, and NIKA data. These polarisation angle measurements are compatible with a constant angle of −88.26° ±0.27° (assuming that systematic errors are independent between frequencies and that the experiments fully capture the extent of the Crab nebula). We study the uncertainty on this mean angle under different considerations for combinations of the individual measurement errors. For each of the cases, we study the potential effect on the CMB B-mode spectrum and on the recovered r parameter through a likelihood analysis. We find that current constraints on the Crab polarisation angle, assuming it is constant through microwave frequencies, allow us to calibrate experiments with an accuracy enabling the measurement of r ∼ 0.01. On the other hand, even under the most optimistic assumptions, current constraints will lead to an important limitation for the detection of r ∼ 10−3. New realistic measurement of the Crab nebula can change this situation by strengthening the assumption of the consistency across microwave frequencies and reducing the combined error.
Understanding the atmospheric properties and chemical composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b
Authors: Molaverdikhani K. , Helling Ch. , Lew B. W. P. , MacDonald R. J. , Samra D. , Iro N. , Woitke P. , Parmentier V.
Published: January 2020

Aims. The atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are commonly considered to be at thermochemical equilibrium. We aim to provide disequilibrium chemistry maps for a global understanding of the chemistry in the atmosphere of HAT-P-7b and assess the importance of disequilibrium chemistry on UHJs.

Methods. We applied a hierarchical modeling approach using 97 1D atmospheric profiles from a 3D general circulation model of HAT-P-7b. For each atmospheric 1D profile, we evaluated our kinetic cloud formation model consistently with the local gas-phase composition in chemical equilibrium. This served as input to study the quenching of dominating CHNO-binding molecules. We evaluated quenching results from a zeroth-order approximation in comparison to a kinetic gas-phase approach.

Results. We find that the zeroth-order approach of estimating quenching points agrees well with the full gas-kinetic modeling results. However, it underestimates the quenching levels by about one order of magnitude at high temperatures. Chemical disequilibrium has the greatest effect on the nightside and morning abundance of species such as H, H2O, CH4, CO2, HCN, and all CnHm molecules; heavier CnHm molecules are more affected by disequilibrium processes. The CO abundance, however, is affected only marginally. While dayside abundances also notably change, those around the evening terminator of HAT-P-7b are the least affected by disequilibrium processes. The latter finding may partially explain the consistency of observed transmission spectra of UHJs with atmospheres in thermochemical equilibrium. Photochemistry only negligibly affects molecular abundances and quenching levels.

Conclusions. In general, the quenching points of the atmosphere of HAT-P-7b are at much lower pressures than in the cooler hot-jupiters. We propose several avenues to determining the effect of disequilibrium processes on UHJs that are in general based on abundance and opacity measurements at different local times. It remains a challenge to completely disentangle this from the chemical effects of clouds and that of a primordial nonsolar abundance.
Computational simulation of shock wave generated by the detonation of explosives for civil use
Authors: Tuhuţ Ligia Ioana , Ghicioi Emilian
Published: January 2020

When conducting a research concerning the propagation of a shock wave generated by the detonation of civil use explosives, the first thing that comes to mind should be if the detonation process takes place in an obstacle-free field, or the area has obstacles such as rocks, metals structures, wood etc, obstacles that can and will influence the final results, the shock wave curve being obturated by it. On one hand, the paper presents the experimental results obtained after the detonation of a freely suspended load, placed at 0.5m above a concrete surface. On the other hand, it compares the values of explosion pressure as shock wave, measured on 4 sensors linearly disposed at the same elevation to the ground, at a distance of 2,3,4 respectively 6 meters from the explosive charge. These values are determined through computerized simulation, using ANSYS AUTODYN software, by virtually reproducing the real scenario. Following the two experiments (real and virtual), one can conclude that computerized simulation proves to be a very useful instrument in an a priori evaluation of hazardous situations/utility of peak values for shock wave, by allowing the user to develop prevention measures/optimization of the analysed processes and also in further investigations
Determining the maximum surface temperature for non-electrical equipment aiming at explosion prevention at protection
Authors: Jurca Adrian Marius , Vătavu Niculina , Lupu Leonard , Popa Mihai
Published: January 2020

Non-electrical equipment has been used for over 150 years in industries with potentially explosive atmospheres and great experience has been gained with regard to the application of protective measures to reduce the risk of ignition down to an acceptable safety level. The use of non-electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres required the development of specific requirements with regard to the concept of protection against the ignition of explosive atmospheres, which to clearly define protection measures and to include the experience gained and extended over the years. The practical studies, laboratory research and methods for assessing and testing the hazard of ignition by hot surfaces presented within the paper have as main purpose the improvement of ignition hazard assessment in different operating conditions.
Ignition source localization in gaseous mixtures explosions expertise
Authors: Vlasin Nicolae Ioan , Florea Gheorghe-Daniel
Published: January 2020

Gas-explosion events in the private or industrial field are usually followed by a technical analysis of the factors that led to their generation. In this respect, INCD INSEMEX Petroşani is accredited for conducting the technical expertise and for the elaboration of the Expertise Report. Starting with on-site findings and sampling, research continues at INCD INSEMEX laboratories, grouped on areas of interest in case management (electrical, ventilation, chemical, pyrotechnics, etc.). Determining the causes of the event implicitly involves establishing the probable source of initiation of the explosive mixture, after discovering the fuel gas source and analyzing how the mixture was formed. Due to the geometric complexity of the space in which the explosion occurred, incident, reflected or compound shock waves generated by explosion can create a footprint of the event that questions the location of the source of initiation. Depending on the possible sources found in the field, the INSEMEX Laboratory of Computational Simulations performs analyzes based on finite elements and finite volumes methods. The elements taken into account in the computational simulations concern both the geometry of the space, the nature of the combustible gas leakage, the dispersion of the gas, and the resulting thermal and mechanical effects.
Impact of demolition work of the environment, generated by mine closures in Jiu Valley
Authors: Lăutaru Vlad , Kovacs Marius , Gireadă Andrei , Irimia Alin
Published: January 2020

Extractive industry has had and has negative effects on environmental factors. Limitation of industrial activities carried out in Jiu Valley, materialized by closure of mining units, brings to actuality the rehabilitation of areas occupied by constructions and surface utilities related to the technological process of underground coal extraction. First stage of surface rehabilitation and greening is the demolition of surface buildings by means of technical implosion / blasting or classic techniques. This stage generates a series of physicochemical pollutants that can have a significant impact on environmental factors. The main objective of the current paper is to identify pollutants and the negative effects they may have on human health as well as to reduce the environmental impact of materials from demolition operations. The paper has the advantage of quantifying waste resulting from demolitions in order to reduce impact on the environment by revalorizing the obtained materials (metal, concrete, wood, brick etc.) thus reducing the quantities of industrial waste to be stored. Thus, it is possible to plan the greening of areas affected by mining activities in the shortest possible time, correlated with the program of territorial systematization, in order to capitalize on new economic opportunities for use of these lands.
Beurteilung und Nutzung der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie
Authors: Bangeow Petjo , Rapp Michael A.
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern Aspekte der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie aus Sicht der drei Richtlinienverfahren für die praktische Arbeit unterschiedlich bewertet und genutzt werden.

Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage wurde unter vertragsärztlich tätigen PsychotherapeutInnen (n = 987) durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf die unterschiedlichen Neuerungen in der Psychotherapierichtlinie.

Ergebnisse Signifikante Unterschiede wurden u. a. in der Nutzung der erweiterten Befugnisse sowie in der Abrechnung bestimmter Leistungen deutlich. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich auch in der Beantragung von Behandlungskontingenten.

Schlussfolgerung Es scheint sinnvoll, Elemente der Richtlinienreform aus der Sicht des bevorzugten Behandlungsverfahrens zu evaluieren. Jene Aspekte scheinen bedeutsam, die sich auf die unmittelbare Arbeit mit den PatientInnen beziehen.
Wer nimmt sich das Leben? Ergebnisse einer psychologischen Autopsiestudie im Allgäu basierend auf Polizeiakten
Authors: Brieger Peter , Kaps Beatrix , Lohmann Frank , Kammerlander Beatrix , Hamann Johannes
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Erhebung von Suizidmotiven, Risikofaktoren und Ansatzpunkten für Prävention.

Methodik Psychologische Autopsiestudie basierend auf Akten der Kriminalpolizei Kempten 2001 bis 2009.

Ergebnisse Die meisten der 626 Suizidenten zeigten bekannte Risikofaktoren für Suizide. Häufig waren negative Lebensereignisse im Vorfeld und Ankündigungen des Suizids.

Schlussfolgerung Die Suizide sind Ergebnis eines Zusammenspiels psychopathologischer und psychosozialer Faktoren. Suizidprävention muss auf die bessere Erkennung von Suizidankündigungen zielen und klare Konzepte der spezifischen Krisenversorgung vorhalten.
Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Becomes Safer after Institution of Optimal Perioperative Management: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Chen Jen-Yuh , Wong Tze-Hong , Buechel Frederick , Wu Meng-Huang
Published: January 2020

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) increases the rates of procedure-related complications and mortality compared with unilateral TKA. There are no well-defined guidelines for selecting patients to avoid mortality and proposing an upgrade treatment to decrease complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate whether optimal perioperative management could improve the safety of SBTKA. From 2005 to 2017, 1,166 cases of SBTKA were identified from 14,209 TKA procedures. We retrospectively examined the SBTKA patients' demographics, comorbidity profiles, procedure-related complications, and perioperative management during two time periods. Optimal perioperative workup for managing SBTKA significantly decreased the incidences of major complication from 6.2 to 2.4% (p = 0.001) and minor complications from 28.9 to 21.5% (p = 0.004) during period I and period II, respectively. The efficiency of less tourniquet use along with intraarticular tranexamic acid injection was demonstrated by the decreases of hemoglobin (Hb) change in the first 2 days after surgery (p = 0.005) and blood transfusion requirement (p = 0.035) during the SBTKA. Furthermore, the less tourniquet use group had less thigh pain (visual analog scale decreased from 6.0 to 4.2, p = 0.003), shorter duration of hospital stay (decreased from 7.8 to 7.1, p < 0.001), and lower coagulation time (decrease from 3.5 to 2.9, p < 0.001) than the routine tourniquet use group. Patient's screening must be performed carefully for cardiopulmonary compromise in patients aged >80 years and with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3. Additionally, hospitalists should consider developing methods for the eligibility, testing, and perioperative monitoring of patients who undergo SBTKA with the aim of avoiding complications and improving outcomes.
Lead evaporation instabilities and failure mechanisms of the micro oven at the GTS-LHC ECR ion source at CERN
Authors: Kövener T. , Küchler D. , Toivanen V. A.
Published: January 2020

The GTS-LHC ECR ion source (named after the Grenoble Test Source and the Large Hadron Collider) at CERN provides heavy ion beams for the chain of accelerators from Linac3 up to the LHC for high energy collision experiments and to the Super Proton Synchrotron for fixed target experiments. During the standard operation, the oven technique is used to evaporate lead into the source plasma to produce multiple charged lead ion beams. Intensity and stability are key parameters for the beam, and the operational experience is that some of the source instabilities can be linked to the oven performance. Over long operation periods of several weeks, the evaporation is not stable which makes the tuning of the oven unpredictable and nonreproducible. A dedicated test stand is used to study the oven performance and possible improvements independently of the source operation. It was observed that the measured evaporation rate of the oven can vary spontaneously in a wide range even when stable operating conditions are applied to the oven controls. Data collected at the test stand hint that these fluctuations are caused by temperature instabilities of the oven itself. Several ways to improve the oven stability were tested, including insulation changes and modifications of the oven crucible. Some of the most promising results regarding the stability of the evaporation will be presented in this paper.
Theoretical study of strain induced magnetic transition of single-layer CrTe3
Authors: Lu Zhi-Wei , Qiu Shao-Bin , Xie Wen-Qiang , Yang Xiao-Bao , Zhao Yu-Jun
Published: January 2020

Developing novel controllable two-dimensional semiconductor materials is crucial to thin film spintronic devices, which may lead to a revolution of information devices. Recently, the easily cleavable CrTe3 has attracted much attention for studying the magnetic properties of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, we have demonstrated theoretically that an elastic tensile strain can turn the antiferromagnetic coupled single-layer CrTe3 (SL-CrTe3) into a ferromagnetic (FM) system, favoring its potential application in thin film spintronic devices. The FM SL-CrTe3 undergoes a further transition from a semiconductor to a metal under a biaxial tensile strain of 9%. The kinetic stability of SL-CrTe3 under 10% tensile strain is verified by a molecular dynamics simulation at room temperature. We suppose that the strain-dependent magnetic behaviors of SL-CrTe3 resulted from the competition between superexchange and direct interactions. The tunable magnetic and electronic properties of SL-CrTe3 imply immense potential in spintronic device applications.
96Zr beam production for isobar experiment in relativistic heavy ion collider
Authors: Okamura M. , Beebe E. , Ikeda S. , Kanesue T. , Raparia D. , Muench L. , Karino T. , Haba H.
Published: January 2020

To investigate the chiral magnetic effect, 96Zr and 96Ru beams were accelerated at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) during Run-18 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The 96Zr beam was provided from the electron beam ion source (EBIS) injector, which consists of a laser ion source, an EBIS high charge state ion breeder, a 300 keV/u radio frequency quadrupole, and a 2 MeV/u interdigital H type drift tube linear accelerator (IH-DTL). The natural abundance of 96Zr is only 2.8% with about 50% of 90Zr. To obtain a sufficient beam current, Zr material enriched to about 60% of 96Zr was used. The only available form of the enriched material was zirconium oxide (ZrO2) powder, which was not well suited for a laser ion source target. We studied and established a sintering technique of the ZrO2 powder to make a solid sample which could be installed into the laser ion source. The singly charged Zr was produced in a laser ablation plasma, extracted, and delivered to the EBIS to be ionized further to 96Zr16+. We optimized the laser irradiation condition, the EBIS confinement time, and transport through the RF linacs to maximize the performance of the injector. The total number of shots provided from the laser ion source for injection into the EBIS was 489 910. The EBIS facility provided a 192 MeV stable beam of 96Zr16+ ions to the booster ring of alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) for further acceleration and stripping in the AGS/RHIC complex, allowing for successful data acquisition at the Solenoidal Tracker at the RHIC.
ECRIS plasma spectroscopy with a high resolution spectrometer
Authors: Kronholm R. , Kalvas T. , Koivisto H. , Kosonen S. , Marttinen M. , Neben D. , Sakildien M. , Tarvainen O. , Toivanen V.
Published: January 2020

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasmas contain high-energy electrons and highly charged ions implying that only noninvasive methods such as optical emission spectroscopy are reliable in their characterization. A high-resolution spectrometer (10 pm FWHM at 632 nm) enabling the detection of weak emission lines has been developed at University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics (JYFL) for this purpose. Diagnostics results probing the densities of ions, neutral atoms, and the temperature of the cold electron population in the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS are described. For example, it has been observed that the cold electron temperature drops from 40 eV to 20 eV when the extraction voltage of the ion source is switched off, accompanied by two orders of magnitude decrease in Ar9+ optical emission intensity, suggesting that diagnostics results of ECRIS plasmas obtained without the extraction voltage are not depicting the plasma conditions of normal ECRIS operation. The relative changes of the plasma optical emission and the ion beam current have been measured in CW and amplitude modulation operation mode of microwave injection. It is concluded that in the CW mode, the ion currents could be limited by diffusion transport and electrostatic confinement of the ions rather than beam formation in the extraction region and subsequent transport. The high resolution of the spectrometer allows determining the ion temperature by measuring the Doppler broadening of the emission lines and subtracting the wavelength dependent instrumental broadening. The measured ion temperatures in the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS are between 5 and 28 eV, depending on the plasma species and charge state. Gas mixing is shown to be an effective method to decrease the ion temperature of high charge state argon ions from 20 eV in pure argon discharge to 5 eV when mixed with oxygen.