bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of the methodological approach in the progeny testing of European larch in Poland
Authors: Mohytych Vasyl , Zachara Tadeusz , Sułkowska Małgorzata , Kowalczyk Jan
Published: December 2023

In Poland, the tree improvement programme was initiated in 2004, but the trials for European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) did not start until 2021. Our aim is to present certain aspects of the methodological approach of progeny testing for this species. The European larch, known for its rapid growth among native coniferous trees in Europe, holds great promise for forest breeding. Unfortunately, its natural range in Poland is limited, with rare but well-known valuable provenances. In 2023, six progeny tests were established using the same 130 open-pollinated families, derived from plus trees originating from valuable seed regions (Md51, Md61, Md71) and areas below 52° N latitude. After a decade of growth, the results will be used to identify valuable genotypes and establish advanced-generation seed orchards.
Experimental phenomenology (?) – A rejoinder to Bianchi & Burro (2022)
Authors: Luccio Riccardo
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the term experimental phenomenology has come to refer to the work of various researchers, mainly Italian, of whom Gaetano Kanizsa and Paolo Bozzi are the most representative. Their work is well presented in this article by Bianchi and Burro (2022). My objection is to what I consider to be the misnomer and misleading name “experimental phenomenology,” which gives the impression that we are dealing with a homogeneous group following a unified approach. However, this is not the case. The phenomenological view is not the same for everyone, ranging from borrowings from Gestalt theory, as in Kanizsa, to Gibsonian ecologism, as in Bozzi. And, most importantly, the research designs of these researchers are only sometimes experimental, sometimes quasi-experimental, but more often non-experimental.
Susanne K. Langers “Mind: An Essay on Human Feeling.” Eine späte Wiederentdeckung
Authors: Andersch Norbert
Published: December 2023

It is about 100 Years ago that the German-American philosopher Susanne K. Langer started a bold and courageous appearance on the stage of consciousness-research - until then exclusively dominated by male and paternalistic figures. This contribution is to highlight SK Langers work and impact on the theory of consciousness, especially on her final three volume publication: “Mind. An Essay on Human Feeling” (1967, 1972, 1982) which, until now, has not been translated into German.

What stands out in Langer’s work is her intuitive closeness to many Gestalt-theorists and the overriding importance she attributes to symbolization in the specific make-up of the human mind. Her main focus is centered on presentative symbolics; meaning those early forms of human expression (prior or along the development of human language) in magic rituals, rhythm, music, painting and sculpturing, early collective work experience, formalized playing or funeral activities.

Langers view on symbols goes far beyond the typical meaning of reference towards a much more sophisticated intertwinement of form, event and being in a matrix of “living tensions”. I would like to point out that her research is of important value to a revised thinking on mental health and mental crisis in reshaping the complex interaction between image, Gestalt and Symbol.
Reconstructed multisensoriality. Reading The Catcher in the Rye
Authors: Tenchini Maria Paola , Sozzi Andrea
Published: December 2023

In natural face-to-face interactions, verbal communication always occurs in association with expressions of nonverbal behavior. The functional contribution of these multimodal aspects to the meaning of the message and to its effects fulfils multiple communicative functions that differ according primarily to the speaker’s intentions, to the interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, to the nature of the message, and to the context.

When nonverbal behavior is reproduced in a written literary text, it becomes functional to the textual and narrative process as it serves as a signifier for the reader. A fictional character is never fixed and unchanging. Through writing, each author encourages the explicit or implicit evocation of a multisensory world, which readers decode and reconstruct, inevitably conditioned by their cognitive and cultural environment.

In this paper, we refer to Salinger’s famous novel The Catcher in the Rye to analyze the literary valence of representing the characters’ multisensory communication, focusing on the core relationship between the explicit and the implicit parts in reconstructing the psychological depth of a literary character.
Gamification in Rehabilitation: The Role of Subjective Experience in a Multisensory Learning Context – A Narrative Review
Authors: Sgubin Giulia , Deodato Manuela , Murena Luigi
Published: December 2023

Game-based approaches are emerging in many fields, such as education, social sciences, marketing and government. Most studies debate its role in consolidating learning, guided by both internal and external rewards.

These approaches are also being applied in rehabilitation, where patients must undergo a re-learning process of motor gestures after an injury to a body structure. In physiotherapy, much importance is given to analytical-functional movement aspects, but less to the recovery of the complete experience, including motivation, perception, and emotional experience of the patient during the process.

The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the role of subjective experience in the application of gamification in physiotherapy, considering the added value it provides to recovery by involving neural structures, not just motor functions. By analyzing the most investigated aspects in using gamification in rehabilitation, we will outline the primary methods of investigation into the engagement and emotions involved in the process.

Through a selection of scientific articles found on main databases, we identified articles investigating the patient’s experience. The analysis of these articles was based on aspects related to the recovery of movement, the technology used, as well as the methods of investigation and collection of qualitative data regarding the emotions and perceptions of patients during the gamification experience.

The results are divided into two primary topics. Overall, this review supports the idea that gamification could represent a rehabilitation approach integrating physiotherapy, more suitable for the final stages of recovery, such as returning to work or sports.
Nonlinear Optimal Control for the Nine-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos G. , Siano Pierluigi , Al Numay Mohammed , Abbaszadeh Masoud , Sari Bilal , Ouahada Khmaies
Published: December 2023

Multi-phase electric motors and in particular nine-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (9-phase PMSMs) find use in electric actuation, traction and propulsion systems. They exhibit advantages comparing to three-phase motors because of achieving high power and torque rates under moderate variations of voltage and currents in their phases, while also exhibiting fault tolerance. In this article a novel nonlinear optimal control method is developed for the dynamic model of nine-phase PMSMs. First it is proven that the dynamic model of these motors is differentially flat. Next, to apply the proposed nonlinear optimal control, the state-space model of the nine-phase PMSM undergoes an approximate linearization process at each sampling instance. The linearisation procedure is based on first-order Taylor-series expansion and on the computation of the system’s Jacobian matrices. It takes place at each sampling interval around a temporary operating point which is defined by the present value of the system’s state vector and by the last sampled value of the control inputs vector. For the linearized model of the system an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. To compute the feedback gains of this controller an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each time-step of the control algorithm. The global stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis. First it is demonstrated that the H-infinity tracking performance criterion is satisfied, which signifies robustness of the control scheme against model uncertainty and perturbations. Moreover, under mild assumptions it is also proven that the control loop is globally asymptotically stable. Additionally it is experimentally confirmed through simulation tests, that the nonlinear optimal control method achieves fast and accurate tracking of reference setpoints under moderate variations of the control inputs. Finally, to apply state estimation-based control without the need to measure the entire state vector of the nine-phase PMSM, the H-infinity Kalman Filter is used as a robust state estimator.
ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK DOMINAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AGILITY DAN KEMAMPUAN LARI SPRINTER ATLET ACEH MENJELANG PON ACEH – SUMUT
Authors: Irfandi Fandy Irfan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to obtain a number of information, understanding in order to improve the agility and dominant physical condition of Acehnese sprinters, especially ahead of the grand opening of the sports field. This type of research is descriptive evaluative, namely: a study that tries to describe various phenomena, events and events and symptoms that exist in the present. The research method used is the experimental method by performing agility abilities and physical condition abilities of sprinter athletes. The population in this study were 15 special athletes built ahead of PON. The sample was taken using random sampling technique which amounted to 10 people. Data collection techniques are carried out using three test items, namely: agility, leg muscle explosive power, speed, and 100 meter running ability. The results obtained in this study are tests and analyzes the ability of 100 meter runners PON running athletes, with an average score of 96.7 in the high (good) category with the following details: (1) as many as 10 respondents were in the high category with a percentage level of 90.12%, (2) as many as 6 respondents were in the medium category with a percentage level of 60.4%. Conclusion, thus the high ability to run the 100 meter distance of Aceh PON sprinters is at the level of agility and the dominant physical component of 100 meter runners, so overall it is in the very good category, with details: agility, leg muscle explosiveness of 100 meter runners of PON athletics is in the very good category, agility, speed of 100 meter runners, is in the very good category, the ability to run 100 meters of 100 meter runners can be said to be in the very good category and very ready to compete, especially at national scale events. So that it can be categorized as an agility category, the dominant physical condition of 100 meter runners PON athletics athletes is said to be in the very good category.
PENINGKATAN KONDISI FISIK DOMINAN ATLET GULAT KABUPATEN NGANJUK KATEGORI JUNIOR USIA 17-20 TAHUN
Authors: Luksita Ayuna Falum
Published: December 2023

Bagi seorang atlet yang baik kondisi fisik ialah kesatuan komponen yang wajib dimiliki baik saat berlatih maupun bertanding, hal tersebut berlaku juga untuk atlet gulat. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini adalah adanya penurunan kondisi fisik yang dialami oleh atlet gulat Kabupaten  Nganjuk khususnya kategori Junior usia (17-20 tahun). Kondisi fisik dominan gulat terdiri dari komponen fisik power/daya ledak lengan, power/daya ledak tungkai, kelentukan/fleksibilitas, keseimbangan, kecepatan dan daya tahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kondisi fisik dominan atlet gulat Kabupaten Nganjuk dengan memberikan program latihan sirkuit. Rancangan Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Olahraga (PTO). Penelitian ini mengguanakan jenis penelitian Kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan 2 siklus, yang mana pada tiap siklusnya terdiri dari 5-6 pertemuan. Pelaksanaannya bertempat di Aula SMP Negeri 1 Patianrowo  yang berlokasi di Jalan Raya Ngepung Desa Sukorejo Kecamatan Patianrowo sebagai tempat latihan atlet gulat Kabupaten Nganjuk. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa keseluruhan dari 6 komponen kondisi fisik dominan yang di tes kan telah berhasil memenuhi kriteria keberhasilan yaitu komponen power lengan sebesar 83,33%, power tungkai sebesar 75%, kelentukan sebesar 91,67%, keseimbangan sebesar 100%, kecepatan sebesar 83,33%, dan daya tahan sebesar 83,33%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tujuan dari peneliti untuk meningkatkan kondisi fisik atlet gulat junior kabupaten Nganjuk sudah tercapai sehingga penelitian bisa disudahi sampai siklus II.Kata kunci: Kondisi Fisik Dominan; Atlet; Gulat
TINGKAT KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP SARANA DAN PRASARANA SILIWANGI FUTSAL CENTRE KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Afif Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kepuasan konsumen Siliwangi Futsal Centre di Kota Tasikmalaya pada konsumen Siliwangi Futsal Centre di Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah konsumen Siliwangi Futsal Centre di Kota Tasikmalaya sebanyak 100 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukan tingkat kepuasan konsumen terhadap sarana dan prasarana yang diberikan Siliwangi Futsal Centre berada pada kategori puas sebesar 72,25%. Tingkat kepuasan konsumen berdasarkan faktor tangibles berada pada kategori puas 69,05%, tingkat kepuasan konsumen berdasarkan faktor reliability pada kategori sangat puas 70,70%, tingkat kepuasan konsumen berdasarkan faktor responsiveness pada kategori puas 80,00%, tingkat kepuasan konsumen berdasarkan faktor assurance berada pada kategori puas 71,93%, dan tingkat kepuasan konsumen berdsasarkan faktor empaty pada kategori puas 84,80%.
Syntactic Expressivity in Cultural Reporting: Insights from Australian Media
Authors: Korableva E. A.
Published: December 2023

The article aims to study the usage and influence of expressive syntax within a variety of culture-related articles featured in contemporary Australian digital media. Leveraging textual analysis on online articles sourced from prominent Australian newspapers such as “The Sydney Morning Herald”, “The Alice Springs News”, “Katherine Times”, and “The New Daily”, the research provides insights into the frequency and novelty of expressive syntactic elements employed within. Particularly prevalent techniques, such as parenthetical inclusions, interrogative sentences, elliptical, nominative, and parcelled constructions, are thoroughly examined for their expressive potential. The study offers a comprehensive breakdown of these syntactical elements, highlighting key types, delineating their general attributes, and enumerating the specifics of their implementation within the researched texts. It especially highlights the frequent interaction of various expressive syntax within single sentences, proposing that this phenomenon increases the techniques’ effectiveness. Furthermore, the study explores the amplification of expression through the usage of specific punctuation marks, including quotation marks, dashes, colons, brackets, semicolons, and ellipses, each undergoing a thorough analysis for potential effect. In summarizing the principal outcomes of the research, the study asserts the significant role of expressive syntactic techniques in crafting engaging and impactful cultural articles within modern Australian media.
The Dynamics of ‘The British Identity’ as a Concept in Contemporary British Mass Media: A Discursive Analysis
Authors: Suslov V. I.
Published: December 2023

This article explores the multifaceted nature of “The British Identity” within the context of political discourse, focusing on its representation in The Guardian newspaper. The aim of this study is to investigate the content specificity of the concept and its transformation under the influence of socio-cultural and extralinguistic factors. Through a qualitative analysis of selected articles from The Guardian, the paper examines the linguistic units used to represent the British identity and the evaluative nature of their expression. The study adopts a conceptual framework that considers the British identity as a political and cultural concept, susceptible to diverse interpretations and judgments within the ideological context. By employing a content analysis approach, the research reveals the tensions arising from the attempt to cater to both conservative and progressive factions of the UK society. The findings indicate that the representation of the British identity in The Guardian is influenced by socio-cultural factors, reflecting the evolving dynamics of British society. The analysis highlights the presence of evaluative expressions, reflecting the conceptual domain’s evaluative nature and its connection to political and cultural debates, particularly those concerning multiculturalism. While the study predominantly relies on articles from The Guardian, it acknowledges the need for broader source diversity to capture a more comprehensive understanding of the British identity. Moreover, the paper suggests that further research in this field holds promise for exploring the evolution and adaptation of conceptual domains in an ever-changing world. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the complex and evolving nature of the British identity within political discourse. The research serves as a foundation for future investigations into the concept of identity and its representation in professional media outlets, and its implications for social cohesion in diverse societies.
Pragmalinguistic Parameters of Article Titles in English and Russian Scientific Discourse: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Cherkunova M. V. , Klopova E. A.
Published: December 2023

The article conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the structural, semantic, and pragmatic features of scientific titles within Russian and English discourses. The relevance of the research stems from the need to identify modern trends in compiling scientific metatext across various linguistic and cultural communities, aiming to discover and implement the most efficient methods of encoding and disseminating scientific knowledge. The resultant findings could significantly enhance the overall quality of scientific work. The empirical basis for this study consists of article titles pertaining to linguistic matters, with Scopus and Web of Science editions providing the English examples, while the Russian equivalents are sourced from journals registered in the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles List. The criteria for the comparative analysis of the titles include a) qualitative and quantitative indicators of the lexical composition of the titles; b) methods of their syntactic organization; c) spectrum of the semantic dominants; d) design of the functional paradigm; e) degree and nature of expressiveness. Through this analysis, the authors identify several significant differences that shape the unique pragmatics of the aforementioned titles within their respective scientific domains. Among the most pertinent differences are the number and relative significance of the pragmatic functions carried out, giving insight into the linguistic mechanisms utilized at all textual organization levels.
The Role of Prior Knowledge in Formative Assessment for Linguistic Competence Development
Authors: Vishnyakova O. D. , Markova E. S. , Leonov T. V.
Published: December 2023

Formative assessment holds a pivotal role as a fundamental methodological category for evaluating students’ expertise levels before embarking on a new educational course. This monitoring approach revolves around the concept of prior knowledge, acting as the cornerstone for the development of new knowledge formats. The formative assessment procedure is designed to incorporate various methods, including tasks and surveys, with questionnaires being a key component. This study introduces a blended questionnaire tailored for first-year Master’s degree students majoring in linguistics. The questionnaire consists of four logically structured parts, systematically evaluating learners’ prior knowledge in the educational domains of General linguistics and Theory and Practice of the English language, with a specific focus on Modern English usage. Beyond theoretical inquiries, the blended questionnaire includes practical assignments, recognizing that linguistic knowledge is intricately linked to practical language skills. Thus, theoretical understanding is exemplified through actual linguistic representations. In addition to assessing prior knowledge, the questionnaire addresses students’ opinions on the formative assessment procedure’s educational utility. This extends to identifying their strengths and weaknesses in applying linguistic knowledge, aiding future curriculum planning and fostering a culture of overall assessment competency. Recognizing the significance of formative assessment for teachers’ professional growth, the study explores its role in constantly refining testing methods and updating materials to gauge students’ prior knowledge effectively. The obtained results underscore the need for further research in formative assessment, calling for the development of new identification methods and innovative formats for knowledge acquisition based on manifestations of prior knowledge. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on formative assessment’s multifaceted role in shaping effective educational practices and enhancing both student and teacher learning experiences.
Transición del orden mundial: Impactos en las estrategias de seguridad y defensa en Colombia y la región
Authors: Pastrana-Buelvas Eduardo , Reith Stefan , Cabrera-Ortiz Fabricio
Published: December 2023

La obra colectiva analiza, en lo general, aquellos impactos de las trasformaciones globales, regionales y nacionales sobre las estrategias de seguridad y defensa de los países, en el marco de los cambios geopolíticos y de cara a las amenazas contemporáneas. Además, da cuenta, en lo particular, de las incidencias que tales transformaciones están teniendo en el diseño y la ejecución de las estrategias de seguridad y defensa en Colombia. En este orden de ideas, reflexiona sobre el rol que desempeña la estrategia militar para la defensa de los intereses vitales del Estado colombiano y el fortalecimiento de la democracia. Por tal motivo, se identifican, en dicho contexto, los desafíos que Colombia enfrenta de cara a las amenazas y los riesgos tras el despliegue del Plan Victoria y la firma del Acuerdo de Paz de 2016. En su gran mayoría, los autores realizaron sus aportes en el marco del Curso de Altos Estudios Militares (CAEM) y del Curso Integral de Defensa Nacional (CIDENAL) de la Escuela Superior de Guerra “General Rafael Reyes Prieto”.
Resistir no es aguantar: en busca de la noción de resistencia
Authors: Salazar-Rendón Milton Andrés , Castaño-Urdinola Jessica Tatiana
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un panorama de la noción de resistencia a partir de dos momentos: 1. Una revisión documental de artículos científicos que la abordan, y 2. Una propuesta de categorización del concepto resistencia. Se concluye que: aparece más como palabra, que como concepto; que el mayor referente conceptual es Michel Foucault, y se proponen 3 formas de categorización de la resistencia: como práctica de sí, cotidiana y organizada. El ejercicio de revisión da cuenta de que expresiones como: “Resistir no es aguantar”, “Mi cuerpo es territorio de resistencia”, “A esta generación le sobra resistencia”, que en los últimos años se escuchan para arengar, nombrar espacios y definir prácticas por parte de colectivos y movimientos latinoamericanos, aparecen también en libros, artículos y congresos universitarios como noción empleada de manera estelar, volviéndose habitual en la discursividad académica y política, pero aún con considerables retos de conceptualización situada.
المعوقات الاجتماعية ،والاقتصادية ،والثقافية للتفكير الإبداعى لدى الباحثين الاجتماعيين
Authors: محمد اسو ولي
Published: December 2023

أهمية هذا البحث تكمن من خلال كونها من الدراسات النادرة - على حد علم الباحث - حيث إن المكتبة تعاني من نقص كبير في الدراسات المهتمة بهذا الموضوع ،وحيث  وقع اختيار هذا الموضوع لما لوحظ من دور كبير ،ومؤثر للمعوقات الاجتماعية ،والأقتصادية ،والثقافية في الحد من التفكير الإبداعي ،وحيث تهدف الدراسة الراهنة الى التعرف على المعوقات الاجتماعية ،والاقتصادية ،والثقافية للتفكير الإبداعى لدى الباحثين الاجتماعيين بمدينة أربيل ،وذلك بالتطبيق على عينة بلغت مائة وخمسون مفردة، داخل وزارتى العدل ،والشئون الاجتماعية، بالأعتماد على المنهج الوضفي التحليلي ، وباستخدام أداة الإستبيان ،وقد أظهر نتائج الدراسة أن هناك تأثير متوسط لكلٍ من المعوقات الاجتماعية ،والثقافية على تنمية التفكير الابداعي لدى الباحثين الاجتماعيين ،فى حين كان تأثير المعوقات الاقتصادية كبيراً على تنمية التفكير الإبداعى لديهم ،كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن غالبية الباحثين الاجتماعيين يتمتعون بدرجة متوسطة بمهارة الأصالة ،و مهارة المحافظة على الإتجاه ،وكذلك فإنهم يتمتعون بدرجة قليلة بالقدرة على التعبيرعن الأفكار بطلاقة ،وصياغتها فى كلمات مفيدة تناسب الموقف ،فى حين أنهم يتمتعون بدرجة كبيرة جدا من مهارة المرونة ،وكذا يتمتعون بدرجة كبيرة بمهارة الحساسية للمشكلات.
بەکارهێنانی کەنار ئاویەکانی هەرێمی کوردستان لەنێوان یاساو بارودۆخی راستەقینەدا قەزای کۆیە بە نموونە
Authors: عبداللە بەندی عمر
Published: December 2023

ەکارهێنانی کەنار ئاویەکان،بۆتە بەرچاوترین و گرینگترین سەرمایە بۆ ولاتان چ لە ولاتانی پێشکەوتوو، چ لە ولاتانی تازە پێشکەوتوو. لەپرۆسێسی شوێنە گەشتیاریەکان و سەرچاوەکانی داهات پشتی پێ ئەسپێردرێت. لە هەرێمی کوردستانیش وا بیست ساڵە بەکارهێنانی کەنار ئاویەکانی بەکار ئەهێندریت. بەلام هەرگیز بێ گرفت نەبووەو زۆر ئەستەمە بگوترێت لە ئاستی چاوەروانیدا بووە.بەهۆی نەبوونی پلانێکی رێکخراو  بۆ دیزاین و دابەشکردنی شوێنەکان،بە شێوەیەکی پلان بۆ دارێژراو. بۆ دەستنیشانکردنی ئەو کۆسپ و بەربەستانە و دۆزینەوەی چارەسەر نەبوونی زانیاری تەواو لەلایەن  هاولاتیان لەبەردەست دانەبووبەهەنگاوێکی زانستیی ئەم توێژینەوەیەئەنجامبدرێت
An Analysis of Speech Acts in Aesop’s Fables
Authors: Abdulla Luqman A. , Abdulla Ismail A.
Published: December 2023

This study aims at analyzing ten fables of Aesop (the Greek fabulist and storyteller) within the framework of speech act theory to investigate and find out what kind of speech acts are available in the fables. Another purpose of this study is to know to what extent the selected fables are mirrored in the speech act theory. Through the analysis of this study, the researchers have arrived at some findings: the fables included assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative speech acts. Based on the results and data analysis, it has been concluded that the speech act is applicable to the analysis of the fables as they are everyday conversations.
أساليب المحاسبة البيئية واسهامها في الحد من تكاليف التلوث البيئي الناتج عن أنشطة الشركات الصناعية
Authors: حسين هاوري جلال , علی بارزان عمق , غفار سفين رفعت
Published: December 2023

-  يهدف البحث الى الاجابة عن تساؤل رئيس مفاده ( هل تُسهم أساليب المحاسبة البيئية في الحد من تكاليف التلوث البيئي الناتج عن انشطة الشركات الصناعية في الميدان المبحوث ؟)  حيث يلخص التساؤل المذكور مضمون مشكلة البحث التي تحاكي معاناة المحاسبة التقليدية  وضمن مراحل زمنية طويلة ومتعاقبة من اهمالها لمضامين تكاليف البيئة غير المباشرة، وقد ينعكس هذا الاهمال على مخرجات النظام المحاسبي بوصفها غير دقيقة وغير شاملة من جهة وبالتالي توليدها لقرارات  صحيحة من جهة اخرى ، فضلاً عن  توجهات معاصرة  على اهمية تقييم التلوث البيئي وتكاليف التلوث البيئي الذي تسببه انشطة المنظمات الصناعية مما  يؤكد على ان وجود طرق قياس التلوث البيئي ومعالجتها محاسبياً   ضرورة قصوى ضمن منظومة النظام المحاسبي الاداري في اطار ما يعرف بــ ( المحاسبة البيئية) . وللإجابة عن هذا التساؤل تمّ اختيار  مجموعة من الشركات الصناعية في مدينة السليمانية ميداناً للدراسة، ومصدراً للحصول على البيانات الاولية التي جُمعت بالاستبانة الموزعة على (12) شركة صناعية وتم توزيع الاستمارات على المحاسبين العاملين في الشركات ميدان البحث والبالغ عددها ( 64 ) محاسباً، أُستَرد منها (53) صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي، وقد اعتمد البحث لتحقيق أهدافه والتوصل إلى إجابات لمشكلة البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بوصفه يتضمن استخدام أدوات بحثية مُتعددة مثل المقابلات مع المبحوثين واعتماد استمارة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات المطلوبة بهدف تحليلها للتوصل إلى نتائج الدراسة في جانبيها النظري والعملي. تم صياغة مُخطط فرضي للبحث يعكس العلاقات التوافقية والتأثير بين متغيرات البحث وهي ( أساليب المحاسبة البيئية،  وتكاليف التلوث البيئي )،  فنتج عنه عدد من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية تم اختبارها باعتماد عدد من  الادوات الإحصائية، وأكدت نتائجها دعماً لفرضيات الدراسة وايجابية أهدافها وسريان مخططها. وجاءت النتائج الميدانية متوافقة مع هدف البحث النظري، الذي أثبت وجود علاقة بين المتغيرات المبحوثة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أهمها: ان  اسلوب حساب التوازن البيئي يُمكن النظر اليه بوصفه  الاهم والاكثر تأثيراً في تفسير التغيرات المرتبطة بالحد من تكاليف التلوث البيئي على اعتبار ان هذا الاسلوب يُمكن ان يُعبر عن وسيلة للتحكم في التأثيرات البيئية. وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات التي توصلت إليها الدراسة تم تقديم عدد من المُقترحات أهمها ما يرتبط بضرورة الاهتمام بمضامين المحاسبة البيئية على نحوٍ عام والاهتمام بشكل اكبر بممارسات اساليب المحاسبة البيئية على نحوٍ خاص  لتحقيق نوع من التوافق مع طبيعة عمل المنظمات المبحوثة والتحديات البيئية التي يُمكن ان تواجهها وصولاً الى تحقيق التناغم المنشود بين نشاطها الصناعي من جهة والتزاماتها البيئية من جهة اخرى..
تأثير التمويل للمؤسسات الصحفية في إقليم كوردستان- العراق
Authors: مراد اياد احمد , علي هشيار مظفر , كاكةشيخ هردوان محمود
Published: December 2023

تعانى المؤسسات الإعلامية من العديد من المشكلات على رأسـها تقييـد السـلطة التنفيذيــة لــه، كمــا تشــمل أزمــات تتعلــق بحقــوق المــواطنين فــي الحصــول علــى المعلومات، انحسار التعددية في الآراء حول القضايا المختلفة في ظـل أزمـ ة مهنيـة وموضوعية شديدة . تغول المال في الحياة السياسية و قـام بغـزو للإعـلام المرئـي والمسـموع والمقـروء مـن قنـوات وصـحف وإذاعـة إلـى درجـة الاسـتيلاء عليهـا، و قـد آثـار ذلـك الكثيـر مـن التعليقـات والتحفظـات بسـبب التـدخل فـي المحتـوى الإعلامـي بغـرض توجيـه الـرأي العام أو في بعض الأحيان تضليله. تدون دساتير وقوانين الكثير من الدول كـل مـا تـراه ي خـدم حريـة شـعوبها ولكنهـا أحيان كثيرة في حقيقة الأمر حبر على ورق ، ولن تكـون هنـاك حريـات مفعلـة فـي أي بلد مادامت سلطة الشعوب ليست بيدها خاصـة فـي الـدول العربيـة ، وعلـــى الـــرغم مـــن أهميـــة اســـتقلال المؤسســات الإعلاميــة والصــحفية عــن الســلطة وبخاصــة وســائل الإعــلام المملوكــة للدولة وأن دورها متمثل في الخدمة العامة و ليس خدمة السـلطة وأهـدافها؛ إلا أن ذلك غير متحقق على أرض الواقع ، إن الإعلام الآن تم تجنيده في إطـار حالـة الاستقطاب السياسي الحالي بـين المؤسسـات الحاكمـة وبـين المنـاوئين لها، لـيس هـذا فحسـب؛ بـل كثيـرًا مـا تورطـت جهـات إعلاميـة فـي خطابـات محرضـة تنطـوي علــى تمييــز علــى أســس سياســية أو طائفيــة أو غيرهــا مــ ن الأســس التــي يجرمهـــا الدســـتور و ذلـــك رغـــم تنـــامي ســـيطرة أجهـــزة الدولـــة علـــى المؤسســـات الإعلاميـة الخاصــة مــؤخرا كمـا ســيفند التقريــر مــن خـلال عمليــات الاســتحواذ للمــال السياسي على المجال الإعلامي .
Analyzing the Management Accounting Accuracy Model
Authors: Odel Naji M.
Published: December 2023

With the advances made in management accounting techniques such as strategic management accounting, optimizing management accounting will play an important role in strategic decision makers. To achieve competitive advantage and ensure high performance, a clear strategy is needed, and the condition alone is not enough. Based on the contingency approach introduced into the management accounting field, the optimal use of these techniques requires the adaptation of management accounting with contingency variables. The contingency variables in this research are environment, strategy, and organizational culture. This research tries to provide an adaptive model of management accounting by examining the effect of contingency variables on how management accounting techniques are applied. In this research, the environment is based on typology; the strategy is based on Porter typology; culture based on Cameron and Queen Typologies and management accounting techniques based on the model of the International Federation of Accountants. The present research is a survey based on the purpose, applicability, and according to how data is collected. The statistical population of the survey is the auditing companies in the geographical area of Erbil and sampling is available as a sampling type. To investigate the relationship, Kruskal-Wallis test and to prioritize management accounting techniques, Friedman’s test was used in terms of the amount of use, and in terms of significance, as well as a significant gap between significance and Wilcoxon’s test was used. The research results are as follows: The first hypothesis, which claims that companies operating in an uncertain environment are not more sophisticated management accounting techniques than companies operating in a more secure environment, were not approved. The second hypothesis claims. Companies with a differentiation strategy apply to companies with cost leadership strategies that are more sophisticated management accounting techniques. The third hypothesis, which claims that companies with a market-oriented culture and business use more sophisticated management accounting techniques than hierarchical and tribal societies. In addition, management accounting techniques are based on the amount of use and importance Prioritized.
هەڵوێستی وڵاتانی هەرێمی و نێودەوڵەتی بەرامبەر شۆڕش و جوڵانەوەی بارزانییەكان 1930-1936
Authors: أحمد بژار عثمان , عمر سەرسام خلیل
Published: December 2023

لەسێدارەدانی شێخ عەبدولسەلام بارزانی دووەم له‌ ساڵی 1914 نەبووە هۆی كۆتایی هێنان بە هزری ڕزگاری خوازی و نەتەوەیی لای بارزانیەكان، بەڵكو شۆڕشی یەكەمی بارزان بووە هۆی دەركەوتنی چەندین سەركردەی دیار لەناو بارزانیەكان، هەروەها دەرخەری ئەوڕاستیەش بوو كە خودی شێخ ئەحمەد بارزانی زۆر لێهاتوانە هەر حەوت عەشیرەتەكەی فیدراسیۆنی بارزانی بەدەستەوە گرتوو و بەهیچ جۆرێك ئامادەی ژێردەستی حكومەتی عێراق- بەریتانی نه‌بوو. هەر ئەمەش بووه‌ هۆكاری ئه‌وه‌ی حكومەتی عێراقی به‌ ناچاری داوای هاوكاری و هەماهەنگی لە بەریتانیا و ئێران و توركیا بكات بۆ زاڵ بوون به‌سه‌ر جووڵانه‌وه‌كانی بارزان. به‌گشتی ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ ‌ له‌ ده‌روازه‌یه‌ك و دوو تەوەرەی سه‌ره‌كی پێك دێت، كه‌ ئه‌وانیش دابه‌ش ده‌بن بۆ‌ سه‌ر چه‌ند باسێك، له‌وانه‌ له‌ ده‌روازه‌ دا باسی بارودۆخی سیاسی دەڤەری بارزان بەر لە ساڵی 1930 كراوە، له‌ ته‌وه‌ره‌ی یه‌كه‌مدا باسی هەڵوێستی وڵاتانی هەرێمی بەرامبەر جوڵانەوەكانی بارزان 1930-1936 كراوه‌، له‌ ته‌وه‌ره‌ی دووه‌مدا باس له‌ هەڵوێستی وڵاتان لەسەر ئاستی نێودەوڵەتی بەرامبەر به‌ جوڵانەوەی بارزانیەكان 1930-1936 كراوە.
دور القنوات الفضائية الكوردیة في مواجهة الأرهاب
Authors: قادر سارا محسن
Published: December 2023

عتبر وسائل الاعلام من اقوى ادوات الاتصال العصرية التي تعين الجمهور المتلقي على معايشة العصر و التفاعل معه , كما اصبح لها دور مهم في شرح القضايا و طرحها على الرأي العام من اجل تهيئته اعلاميا و بصفة خاصة اتجاه القضايا المعنية بالامن الوطني بالاضافة الى ما يحصل على المسرح العالمي.  فطبيعة و دور وسائل العلام في تدعيم الديمقراطية و تعزيز قيم المشاركة السياسية و صنع القرار السياسي , يرتبط بفلسفة النظام الذي تعمل في ظله و درجة الحرية التي تتمتع بها داخل البناء الاجتماعيو من هذه الزاوية فإن وسائل الاعلام العالمية و القليمية قد ركزت في بداية عام 2011 على ظاهرة الارهاب و التطرف و انعكاساتها على المنطقة و العالم بأسره من حيث ماهيتها التي بدأت منذ عام 2012 بالتطور و الشمول و إن المستقرئ لظاهرة الإرهاب و التطرف يجد انها تحظى بأهتمام الشعوب و الحكومات في شتى انحاء العالم لما لها من أثار خطيرة على امن الدولة و استقرارها. اعتمد تحديد مشكلة البحث على تزايد الاهتمام بظاهرة الارهاب و تزايد الاهتما بالمدخل المتكامل الذي يدمج دور الاعلامي مع المعالجة الامنية و السياسية للتصدي للارهاب و تاثيراته السلبية على المجتمع اذ تزايد الاهتمام بدراسة علاقة اعتماد الجمهور على وسائل الاعلام بشكل عام و على الفضائيات بشكل خاص. يهدف البحث التعرف على مدى فعاليات القنوات الاخبارية على مكافحة الارهاب و الحد من هذه الظاهرة من خلال التغطية الاخبارية الشاملة ل العمليات الارهابية و توعية افراد المجتمع عن مفهوم الارهاب و مدى خطورة هذه الظاهرة و للوصول الى قياس فعالية دور الفضائيات في هذا الاطار. بناء على البيانات والنتائج التي أسفرت عنها الدراسة النظرية والميدانية، فإن الباحثون تقدموا بمجموعة مقترحات التي قد تُسهم في بيان دور وسائل الإعلام في مكافحة ظاهرة الإرهاب والتطرف من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس في جامعة صلاح الدين، والمتمثلة في الآتي:  وضع آليات استراتيجيات عملية لمواجهة طوفان الإرهاب والتطرف والحد منه ومتابعته والقضاء عليه. ضرورة إعداد برامج تدريبية نوعية لرفع مستوى العاملين في وسائل الإعلام الوطنية وكفايتهم للتعامل مع القضايا والمشكلات المهمة التي تواجه المجتمع االكوردي، وللارتقاء بالعمل الإعلامي بشكل عام. ضرورة اعتماد وسائل الإعلام االكوردية الموضوعية في تناولها للقضايا والمشكلات المختلفة.
القوة الناعمة وأثرها في مهام الدبلوماسية الوقائية
Authors: عمر سرسام خليل
Published: December 2023

ان المنهج المستقبلي في رسم السياسات والبرامج، والخطط أدى الى تطور قدرات الدول، والمجتمعات والمنظمات الدولية، وغير الحكومية، والمؤسسات الاقتصادية، والاجتماعية، والبيئة في بناء المستقبل وعدم تركه للمجهول، وللطوارئ، وجاء التطور العلمي الهائل في تكنولوجيا الاتصالات والمعلومات ليعزز من أهمية هذا المنهج، وأضاف التطور النوعي في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي أهمية أخرى له، فلا يوجد نشاط انساني حالي يخلو من المنظور المستقبلي، وانعكس كل ذلك بشكل كبير في ظهور نوع جديد للدبلوماسية اطلق عليه " الدبلوماسية الوقائية"، التي أصبحت أداة لا يمكن لاي دولة، او منظمة دولية، او غير حكومية  الاستغناء عنها، وادى ذلك الى التركيز اكثر على استخدامات القوة الناعمة، او القوة الذكية في العلاقات الدولية على حساب تراجع استخدامات القوة الخشنة. ان البحث الذي نعرضه باسم " القوة الناعمة وأثرها في مهام الدبلوماسية الوقائية هي حصيلة تفاعل العلم، والذكاء الاصطناعي، وثورة المعلومات والاتصالات، مع تطوير مهام وأداء الدبلوماسية الدولية، ودبلوماسية المنظمات في مواجهة التطور الخطير لمصادر التهديد للأمن والسلم الدوليين.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A FAMILY RESILIENCE SCALE FOR FAMILY MEMBERS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE CITY OF ICA.
Authors: Checcllo Tenorio Adin Mezollam , Escudero Nolasco Juan Carlos
Published: December 2023

Objective: To create and validate a family resilience in caregivers relatives of people with disabilities (ERF-PD by its name in Spanish). Method: The research design is instrumental. The sampling was non probabilistic with a sample of 301 relatives of people with disabilities. Initially, 40 items were created but this number was reduced after the statistics analysis. Results: Aiken's V values of 1.00 were obtained in all items. After the item analysis, nine items were removed. From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 items remained that explain 56.0% of the overall variance; whereas the confirmatory factor analysis obtained good fit indexes for this structure (Chi2/gl=1.876; CFI=0.982; TLI=0.979; RMSEA=0.037; SRMR=0.064). Internal consistency showed coefficients above 0.70 in the general scale and its three factors. Conclusion: The scale shows evidences of validity and reliability for the evaluated sample, justifying its use in research and professional activity.
PHYSICIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE APPROACH TO DIABETIC NEUROPATHY IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, 2023
Authors: Longa López John
Published: December 2023

Objective: To describe the attitudes of doctors towards the approach to diabetic neuropathy. Methods: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study, sample of 143 doctors, non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The variables: years of professional practice, specialty, proportion of patients in the medical consultation with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2), proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus with a diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy, attitudes towards the approach to diabetic neuropathy. A 5-category Likert scale was used to evaluate attitudes in 3 dimensions: prioritization, diagnosis and treatment. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: In the prioritization dimension, 57.4% prioritize metabolic control over the evaluation of complications. Diagnostic dimension: 80.5% of doctors surveyed rely on symptoms and signs reported by the patient to make the diagnosis of said complication, 66.5% recognize that they do not use an instrument for the evaluation of neuropathy and 39.9% would not use it either. had it. In the treatment dimension, 73.5% recognize that analgesic treatment for diabetic neuropathy is frustrating and 50.4% feel “afraid” to titrate the dose of anti-neuropathic analgesic medication due to adverse effects. Conclusions: The attitudes of doctors compromise different areas of the approach to diabetic neuropathy such as prioritization, diagnosis and treatment with a tendency to prioritize metabolic control and other microvascular complications, to under-diagnosis, to “under-treatment”. ” and the need to refer patients for specialized management.
The Trickster as a Hero of the Frontier, or On Survival Mechanisms in Chaos
Authors: Kovtun N. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The article explores the image of a trickster, and the peculiarity of its embodiment in world literature. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of assignment and functioning of the trickster image in modern Russian literature: from camp prose with its interest in the “naked man”, and the weirdos of traditionalism, to the characters created in the postmodern era. Results. The author analyses the reasons for and prospects of the emergence of the trickster hero, his ability to solve tragic problems facing its consciousness at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The author emphasizes the life-affirming and vital potential of the image, the possibilities inherent in it, the means of understanding and representing tragedy. The author analyses the change of the trickster's paradigm from one epoch and text to another, and presents the peculiarities of every cultural period. The author analyses the features of the modernist trickster, which becomes the initiator of events and the engine of the plot, and the concept of the postmodernist trickster, which differs significantly from his predecessors. The analysis of artistic texts shows that the trickster is used frequently due to its ambivalence and liminality, which meets the needs of the “crisis time”. Conclusion. The relevance of the figure of trickster is related, in particular, to the obvious fatigue of modern man from the “secondary” playful strategy of postmodernism, when the suspicion of irony is total, and to the enormous pressure that man feels and the trickster can alleviate.
Lacunarity and Neology: Diachronic Aspect (Based on the Material of Russian Writers’ Epistolary Texts of the 19th Century)
Authors: Zakharova Yu. G.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The author considers the problem of establishing a correlation between lacunarity and neologization of the language system in the diachronic aspect using methods of semantic, contrastive, contextual, corpus and quantitative analysis. The material for the study is Russian writers’ epistolary texts of the second half of the 19th century. The author specifies the meaning of the term lacuna in relation to diachrony: a lacuna is an empty cell in the lexical system of a language, revealed retrospectively by detecting means that compensate for it. Results. The author’s classification of lacunae is based on a semiotic criterion: conceptual lacunae are empty cells in the lexical system, which are characterized by the absence of both the signifier and the signified (concept); lexical lacunae are empty cells in the lexical system, which lack a signifier, but have a non-verbalized signified that exists in public or individual consciousness. Conclusion. Extralinguistic and intra-linguistic factors determined the formation and compensation of communicatively significant lacunae in the lexical system at the level of language and speech: changes in the socio-political, economic, cultural life of Russia; interlanguage contacts; the need for nomination or re-designation of the concept; the laws of linguistic regularity, analogy, generalization and differentiation, economy, the tendency to expressiveness.
On the Genre Interpretation of the Fairy Tale Kissel by Saltykov-Shchedrin
Authors: Alyakrinskaya M. A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article explores the almost unstudied fairy tale Kissel by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. There are no surveys on the story except for the writer’s comments on collected works. The key concept of the tale (kissel) is identified by the Soviet literature as a Russian man, while the problem is limited to denouncing “peoples’ lack of participation”. Results. As the genre of the tale Kissel is actually a parable, it is important to understand both literary and historical context. The historical context is represented by the rapid development of “wild” capitalism in post-reformed Russia, described in different publicistic series of 1870–1880s written by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, as well as the emergence of the “Russian bourgeois” class (the satirist was very skeptical of the idea that the class could become a base for the new social order). The literary context is observed in the satirist’s works of 1870–1880s empathizing problems of predation, uncontrolled and merciless elimination of Russian natural resources, as well as the inability of Russian nobility to resist those social challenges. Those problems are characterized by the three main characters of the tale Kissel: the pig, the kissel and the lords personalizing concepts of “predation”, patriarchal peasantical Russia, and the cultural class losing its positions in social life. Conclusion. The author claims that the fairy tale Kissel by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin is the satirist’s peculiar warning that such uncontrolled embezzlement of the country’s wealth (i.e. the pig eating kissel) might lead to painful consequences for the Russian society.
Correspondence of L. N. Tolstoy and Yu. F. Samarin: New Contexts and Problems of Relations between Two Contemporaries
Authors: Andreeva V. G. , Kalyuzhnaya L. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this article is an analytical study of the correspondence between Tolstoy and Samarin, the introduction into scientific circulation of three letters that are stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the State Museum of Leo Tolstoy in Moscow and have not been published until that time. Results. The problem of creative and personal connections between Tolstoy and Samarin, their interaction and especially correspondence is comprehended in many ways. The authors of this article present a detailed scientific commentary on the letters of Tolstoy and Samarin, and explain many realities and facts that have not been given attention in Tolstoy studies. The dating of three Samarin's letters introduced into scientific circulation with analytical explanations of their place and role in the communication of correspondents has been carried out. The work uses biographical, comparative, historical and typological methods, hermeneutic and ontological methods. Conclusion. Despite the fact that Tolstoy could not find a best friend in Samarin, as he really wanted in the early 1860s, it was thanks to communication with him that he deeply comprehended the ambiguity and complexity of a number of Slavophiles’ beliefs in their application to real life.
Composite nomina agentis with Low Frequency Usage in the Tarnovo Revision of the Verse Prolog
Authors: Tihova A. M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The paper focuses on some compound nominal entries from word-formation and semantic aspect with low frequency of occurrence, typical of the Tarnovo Revision of Verse Prolog. Results. I. Names of persons, whose occupation is connected to: writing hymns, to the icon painting, writing chronicles. II. Names of persons, whose occupation is connected to the stone, metal and fur processing. III. Names of persons from the ruler’s circle, who have routine obligations; whose activities are related to trade. The specificity of the prolog passionaries makes it possible to highlight an interesting layer of lexis from semantic perspective, related to a number of professions and occupations during the Middle Ages.