bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az alacsony státuszú, szegénységben élő falusi fiatalok immobilitásának okai
Authors: Czibere Ibolya
Published: October 2019

This study explores the lack of mobility and the lack of motivation for mobility among poverty- stricken youths with low levels of education who live in small villages. I strive to find out why underprivileged young individuals stay in their local village instead of moving to areas with more abundant opportunities and employment. My manuscript also examines their family life and their relationship with their parents, and how those factors could impact their attachment to their village. The main question to analyze is whether young people stay in impoverished rural villages voluntarily or as a result of a lack of choice and a rational decision, or whether they are drifting. My analysis of the data indicates that the lack of mobility among destitute rural youths is not driven by free decisions. My results suggest that these young people belong to a drifting social group, not in charge of their own fate, unaware of the world beyond their immediate surroundings, uninformed, dependent, vulnerable, living in an environment based on mere reciprocity, and thus, in a sense, they are a marginalized social group.
SOCIAL INTERACTION OF LARGE BUSINESSES AS A SECURITY CONDITION OF ITS OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN REGION
Authors: S. G. Simonov , E. A. Koryakina , N. P. Sheveleva , N. S. Kulakova , I. A. Yagodkina
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify social interaction of large businesses as a security condition of its operation and development in the northern region.

Methodology: This is descriptive-analytic research whose data are obtained through library studies and analytical resources. Data analysis is based on content analysis and analytical comparison.

Result: Results showed that to improve the safety of large businesses in the Northern region continuous socially-oriented activities aimed at improving the quality of life of the population of the region of presence with the support of various social initiatives in the region of presence are required.

Applications: This research can be used for businessmen and developers.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of social interaction of large businesses is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: M. G. Sergeeva , L. N. Kodaneva , A. E. Islamov , E. S. Kornakova , A. V. Serebrennikova , Iu. V. Panko , T. V. Avdeeva
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The ideas of integrity, unity, systematic organization of teacher’s work allow presenting the work of the teacher – a complex pedagogical reality – in the form of the unity of three interrelated spaces: the teacher’s personality, pedagogical activity, and pedagogical communication. Methodology: The analysis of the works of national and foreign experts devoted to the study of competences and competencies shows convincingly that, first of all, this phenomenon is associated with professional activity. A natural continuation of the study of competence problems in the late twentieth – early XXI century is the scientific and practical interest in the possibility of forming and developing competence in a specially organized environment. Result: For the authors of the article it is important not only how the teacher develops his pedagogical competence in the process of professional activity, but also how it increases the effectiveness of the educational activity of the student. Discussion. In our opinion, the basic competencies of a teacher of a professional educational institution should reflect the culture of the teacher and are divided into professional-pedagogical, social-motivational, information, communicative, creative. Special competencies integrate the knowledge of the teaching subject and methods of teaching, are divided into objective, content, design, reflexive, monitoring. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the development of teacher's pedagogical competence in the conditions of professional educational organization is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
NORMATIVE ORIENTATION OF THE LANGUAGE OF FICTION: LINGUISTIC-AESTHETIC ASPECT
Authors: I. I. Gorina , L. N. Gorobets , G. A. Kozlova , Ya. S. Nikulnikova , T.G. Tanasova
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article conducts the study implementation of the normative orientation of the language of fiction: linguistic-aesthetic aspect Methodology: This is analytical-logical research done by content analysis. Result: In the article, it is argued that normative orientation of the fiction speech is rather different from that of functional styles in which, as a rule, not only non-literary language elements but also specific phenomena of other styles are not used. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: A number of outstanding scientists such as V.D. Levin, N.A. Meshchersky, N.M. Shansky, N.L. Maksimov, D.N. Shmelev, K.A. Panfilov and others consider the language of fiction as a special type of the literary language which is characterized by aesthetic function and in which the particular peculiarities of all other functional styles can be found as well as non-literary linguistic means of different kinds: colloquial, slang, dialectal, etc.
THE LIFE OF THE OLD: PRIOR TO NATIONAL WELFARE PROGRAM
Authors: Setiaji Bambang , Nofrandila Nieldya , Maulana Huda , Nashir Haedar
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the lives of elderly people after their retirement without welfare program supporting their daily needs.

Methodology: The research was conducted by employing unstructured interview sessions with the respondents. In selecting the respondents, the snowball method was used. They were met at a market, on a rice field, or on the main roads in Solo. Later, the researchers were brought to their homes so the researchers had a chance to look at the condition of their homes. The respondents often looked glad as perhaps they felt that there are people who care about them.

Result: The research results show that most pensioners, due to the unavailability of the much-needed welfare programs, work in the informal sector. This suggests the needs of a well-managed informal sector as well as the necessity of welfare programs.

Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students.

Novelty/Originality: The Indonesian government has not been able to provide a sufficient pension and welfare program for them. The respondents were senior citizens who live in Surakarta, Indonesia. They were interviewed about their daily activities and what they do to fulfill their daily needs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUBJECT-SUBJECT MODEL IN THE CONDITIONS OF MIXED LEARNING
Authors: Zanfir Ludmila N.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article conducts the study implementation of the subject-subject model in the conditions of mixed learning. The article deals with the development of the subject-subject model in the conditions of blended learning.

Methodology: We have shown the important role of blended learning in the maintenance and development of the subject-subject model of interaction between students and teachers. The implementation of subject-subject interaction was considered on the example of the discipline "General and professional pedagogy", the electronic course of which is presented on the Moodle platform.

Result: To comply with the subject-subject model of interaction between the teacher and students, it is important to periodically monitor the developed electronic courses within the framework of blended learning. Therefore, the authors propose the criteria by which it should be carried out and the main stages of preparation of the course.

Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the subject-subject model in the conditions of mixed learning is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF FUTURE ENGINEERS’ COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE
Authors: Ibatova Aygul Z.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article deals with the problem of the development of the communicative culture of future engineers, which determines success in any field of activity.

Methodology: This is analytical-review research whose data have been collected based on previous studies. These data are gathered in four general topics: studies on the theory of culture; studies on the communicative culture of the individual; theories of professional communication and personal development in the process of communication and studies on the methodology of higher professional education.

Result: The oil industry in petroleum engineers with formed professional competencies reflected in the Federal State Standard of Higher Education in the direction of bachelor’s studies in Oil and Gas, involving the development of a communicative culture of graduates of technical universities, successfully working in a team, presenting themselves, building relationships with other people.

Applications: This research can be used for petroleum engineers and graduates of technical universities.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the content and structure of future engineers’ communicative culture is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
La descentralización educativa en chile: 25 años de transformaciones radicales para la docencia escolar (1990-2015).
Authors: Aliaga Rodrigo Reyes
Published: October 2019

RESUMENEl proceso de descentralización educativa en Chile produjo a nivel escolar tanto el desentendimiento del Estado con respecto a tareas administrativas, como la irrupción de un modelo hibrido llamado “educación particular subvencionada”, estas nuevas formas de administración escolar repercutieron en las y los docentes.  El objetivo principal de este trabajo es estimar las diferencias entre docentes del sector municipal y particular subvencionado, con énfasis en sus condiciones laborales. Se utilizará una metodología cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo con acervo en bases de datos, compendios y anuarios estadísticos. Los datos revelan que existen diferencias entre profesores del sector particular subvencionado y municipal, siendo favorable para estos últimos. Se concluye que las y los docentes con mejores condiciones son cada vez menos y se encuentran concentrados en un solo tipo de administración.Palabras clave: Educación. Descentralización. Docencia. Descentralização educacional no Chile: 25 anos de transformações radicais para o ensino escolar (1990-2015).RESUMOO processo de descentralização educacional no Chile produziu no nível escolar tanto a falta de compreensão do Estado em relação às tarefas administrativas quanto o surgimento de um modelo híbrido chamado "educação privada subsidiada". Essa  nova forma de administração escolar teve impacto junto aos professores. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estimar as diferenças entre professores no setor privado municipal e subsidiado, com ênfase em suas condições de trabalho. Uma metodologia quantitativa de natureza descritiva será utilizada com dados em bases de dados, compêndios e anuários estatísticos. Os dados revelam que há diferenças entre professores do setor privado subsidiado e municipal, sendo favorável para o último. Conclui-se que os professores com melhores condições são cada vez menores e se concentram em um único tipo de administração.Palavras-chave : Educação, Descentralização, Professor.Educational decentralization in Chile: 25 years of radical transformations for school teaching (1990-2015).ABSTRACTThe educative decentralization process in Chile produced at scholar level both the State´s disengagement with an administrative task, and the irruption of a hybrid model called “particular-subsidize education”, this new forms of scholar administration rebounded in the teachers. The main objective of this work is estimating the differences between municipal teachers and particular-subsidize teachers, with emphasis on labors conditions. Will be used a quantitative methodology of descriptive character with stock in data bases, statistics compiled and yearbooks. The data reveals that exist differences between particular-subsidize and municipal teachers, being favorable for this lasts. It is concluded that the teachers with better conditions are less and less and are concentrated in a single type of administration.Keywords: Education, Decentralization, Teaching
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN PENGGUNAAN GADGET TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPS SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 SINGOSARI
Authors: Hidayatul M Fuji Ayu
Published: October 2019

Based on the theory of learning outcomes, Clark states that student learning outcomes in schools are 70% influenced by students' abilities and 30% are influenced by the environment. The part of the environment is parents and technology (gadgets). To prove the theory, the purpose of this research is 1. Find out the influence level of parental care on social science learning achievement of Grade VII students in SMPN 1 Singosari, 2. find out the influence level of gadget use on social science learning achievement of Grade VII students in SMPN 1 Singosari, 3. find out the influence level of parental care and gadget use on social science learning achievement of Grade VII students in SMPN 1 Singosari. To achieve the aims, the researcher employed quantitative research using correlational approach. The population consists of 324 students of Grade VII in SMP Negeri 1 Singosariand the researcher took 180 samples out of the population. The data analysis is conducted using classical assumption tests such as normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and multiple linear regression analysis, determination, t-test and F-test. The results showed that parenting and the use of gadgets simultaneously or simultaneously affect the results of students' eyes IPS student grade VII SMPN 1 Singosari, meaning that the more optimal parent care pattern, bush in the optimal use of the gadgets used properly and parental supervision in the use of gadgets will affect student learning outcomes and student learning outcomes will be better.
Keywords: parental care; gadget use; learning outcomes
CLOSE AND OPEN TASK AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION: A COMPUTATIONAL AUTHORSHIP ANALYSIS
Authors: Jazila Nur Inda
Published: October 2019

Authorship analysis is one of the areas lies within forensic linguistics where the main task is to investigate the characteristics of a text in terms of its authorship. Specifically, authorship attribution examines the possibility of an author for having written the text by analyzing the author's other works. This experimental research addresses two problems: which author writes which text (using a closed task authorship attribution) and who writes each text (using an open task of authorship attribution). In doing so, this research uses R to do statistical computing employing both stylo() and classify() functions. Based on carried out experiments with 1-grams as a fixed variable, it is concluded that SVM algorithm may be best used in doing closed task authorship attribution for its 100% consistency, whereas for the open task k-NN algorithm may be best used since it reaches 94% consistency. In addition to open class task, stylo() function may perform better than classify() function since stylo() function provides results closer to the actual answer. As the legal system often challenges authorship analysis for not having a valid methodology, analyzing styles using stylometry and measuring the styles computationally may help forensic linguists to provide an adequate analysis for the legal system. Scientifically this research provides a framework of how to do authorship analysis computationally while practically it is projected can be used as a tool to detect plagiarism.

 
Corrupción para los ricos y los pobres en México: ¿Quién la soporta aún más?
Authors: González Lara José María , Sánchez Carrera Edgar J.
Published: October 2019

¿Quién es el más afectado por la corrupción, el ciudadano rico o el pobre? ¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de validar las actividades corruptas, los ricos o los pobres? Una pregunta fundamental que enfrenta un ciudadano es si acepta coexistir en un sistema corrupto o no; en otras palabras, si las personas tuvieran una opción entre elegir un Estado corrupto sobre un Estado honesto, ¿cuál deberían sostener? Afirmamos que en una sociedad caracterizada por habitantes con diferentes niveles de ingresos la respuesta a la pregunta puede diferir entre los ricos y los pobres. Mostramos que con los costos significativos de la corrupción la parte pobre de la sociedad tiende a sufrir más que la rica en relación con un sistema honesto en el que los funcionarios públicos son dignos. Al aplicar la técnica de mínimos cuadrados robustos para México durante el periodo de 1996 a 2016, se muestra que: 1) en México los ricos soportan/gustan/desean/coadyuvan más un sistema corrupto; 2) los pobres se ven muy afectados por un sistema corrupto; 3) el gobierno y sus políticas no tienen efecto alguno sobre el ingreso de los ricos, mientras que para los pobres, en tanto mejor o de mayor calidad sean las políticas públicas del gobierno, menos pobres serán los ciudadanos, y 4) la desigualdad económica, medida por el índice de Gini, afecta en mayor medida a los pobres en comparación con los ricos.
La disminución de la participación del trabajo en el ingreso en México, 1990-2015
Authors: Ibarra Carlos A. , Ros Jaime
Published: October 2019

Este artículo estudia la disminución de la participación del trabajo en el ingreso (PLI) en México durante el periodo de 1990 a 2015. En su mayor parte, esta reducción puede ser explicada por disminuciones dentro de los principales sectores de la economía (entre ellos las manufacturas y los de bienes comerciables y no comerciables), más que por una recomposición del valor agregado hacia sectores que tienen bajas participaciones del trabajo en el ingreso. En contraste con la agricultura, en la que la pli cayó debido a un desplazamiento de la fuerza de trabajo desde el autoempleo hacia el trabajo asalariado, en otras importantes áreas de la economía la disminución de la PLI se explica por reducciones en el sector de empleo asalariado. Las estimaciones econométricas indican que disminuciones paralelas en la participación del trabajo y la productividad relativa en los bienes no comerciables, así como en la participación del trabajo en las manufacturas de los Estados Unidos, desempeñaron —todos— un papel importante en la reducción de la participación de los salarios en el sector manufacturero de México. Más generalmente, el análisis sugiere que el rezago de la productividad en el sector informal de bienes no comerciables, que es en sí un reflejo de la baja tasa agregada de crecimiento, es un factor crucial en la reducción de la PLI en los sectores formales. El artículo concluye con una discusión de posibles explicaciones para la paradoja de la lenta tasa de crecimiento económico en México a pesar del aumento en la participación de las ganancias en el ingreso.
Impact of a Telemedicine Program on the Reduction in the Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants and Journeys by Road
Authors: Vidal-Alaball Josep , Franch-Parella Jordi , Lopez Segui Francesc , Garcia Cuyàs Francesc , Mendioroz Peña Jacobo
Published: October 2019

This retrospective study evaluates the effect of a telemedicine program developed in the central Catalan region in lowering the environmental footprint by reducing the emission of atmospheric pollutants thanks to a reduction in the number of hospital visits involving journeys by road. Between January 2018 and June 2019 a total of 12,322 referrals were made to telemedicine services in the primary care centers, avoiding a total of 9,034 face-to-face visits. In total, the distance saved was 192,682 km, with a total travel time savings of 3,779 hours and a total fuel reduction of 11,754 liters with an associated cost of €15,664. This represents an average reduction of 3,248.3 g of carbon dioxide, 4.05 g of carbon monoxide, 4.86 g of nitric oxide and 3.2 g of sulphur dioxide. This study confirms that telemedicine reduces the environmental impact of atmospheric pollutants emitted by vehicles, reducing the number of journeys made for face-to-face visits and can contribute to environmental sustainability.
An Observer-inclusive Hypothesis Suggesting a Reduction of the Perceived Universe to String Interactions
Authors: Ahissar Ehud , Fried Moshe
Published: October 2019

Physics and neuroscience share overlapping objectives, the major of which is probably the attempt to reduce the observed universe to a set of rules. The approaches are complementary, attempting to find a reduced description of the universe or of the observer, respectively. We propose here that combining the two approaches within an observer-inclusive physical scheme, bears significant advantages. In such a scheme, the same set of rules applies to the universe and its observers, and the two descriptions are entangled. We show here that analyzing special relativity in an observer-inclusive framework can resolve its contradiction with the observed non-locality of physical interactions. The contradiction is resolved by reducing the universe (including the observer) to a dynamic distribution of closed strings (“ceons”) whose vibration waves travel at c. This ceons model is consistent with special and general relativity, non-locality and the holographic principle; it also eliminates Zeno’s motion paradoxes. Yet, the model entails several new empirical predictions. Finally, the ceons model suggests a fundamental physical implementation of active biological perception. Paraphrasing Torricelli, this paper suggests that we live submerged in a c of light.
Role of miRNAs In Bone Homeostasis - A Short Review
Authors: Ghafoor Mahmood , Sumrin Aleena
Published: October 2019

Bone homeostasis depends on the interplay between bone resporption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Any Imbalance of this tightly regulated process can cause diseases such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the knowledge about the factors that regulate communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts are critical to bone cell biology.Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass density and deterioration of bone tissue. Mature miRNAs are about 22 nucleotide long non coding RNA molecules that are involved in regulatory processes intracellularly. A number of scientific studies have revealed a comprehensive and evidential knowledge about miRNAs that affect the bone metabolism by influencing bone formation and resorption processes. In this short review we have summrized the regulatory role of some selective miRNAs in bone formation.
Characterization of Potential Local Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L) from Papua as Alternative of Staple Food
Authors: Sabda Muhamad , Wulanningtyas Heppy Suci , Ondikeleuw Mariana , Baliadi Yuliantoro
Published: October 2019

Papua has very diverse genetic resources such as “gembili”. Gembili has a high spiritual and cultural value especially in Kanum tribe in Merauke. The purpose of this activity was to characterize and conserve the local gembili from Papua to provide basic information for breeding purposes. Another objective was to identify the potency of gembili as a staple food alternative for substituting the rice. Characterization was performed on eight accessions of local gembili from Papua which were explored from Merauke and Jayapura. The twenty eights characters of leaves, stems, and tubers were observed on eight accessions from Merauke and Jayapura Regency. Based on this activity there was no difference in the appearance of seven character leaves of thirteen characters observed. The appearances of gembili stems on all the observed characters were generally the same. Furthermore, the
appearance of tubers on ten characters showed different results. Seven accessions had the shapes of oval tubers while Orofe accession had oblong circular shape. The outer skin color of the tubers in general was brown, while the colors of the epidermis and tuber meat were varied, i.e. white (white, white-yellow, white-purple) and purple (violet, purple, red-purple). Yara Hasai accession had the highest number and weight of tubers compared to other accessions. The carbohydrates in gembili almost the same or more
with carbohydrates found in rice, which is 22.5–31.3%. In other words, gembili had potential as a staple food substitute for rice because of its nutritional contents.
Evaluation of In Vitro Culture Medium for Conservation of Chrysanthemum Varieties under Different Storage Environment
Authors: Sanjaya Lia , Marwoto Budi , Budiarto Kurniawan
Published: October 2019

In vitro technique for conservation of genetic resources of chrysanthemum was developed through the application of selected medium under different storage conditions. The research was conducted from June 2014 to October 2016. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design which consisted of three chrysanthemum varieties and seven medium formulations and maintained in two storage conditions, i.e. low-temperature and ambient room conditions. The results showed that plantlet of all varieties conserved under ½ MS + 6% sucrose had higher survivals and slighter death rates after 4, 7, and 9 months. Lowtemperature condition provided more suitable circumstances for the respected medium to preserve the plantlet life during 9 months of in vitro storage. Under these conditions, the plantlet survivals ranged 51.3–66.3%. While among the chrysanthemum varieties, Monalisa had highest plantlet survivals than Merahayani and Town Talk.
Improving the Efficiency of Heat Power Generation from Household Drains
Authors: Osipov S. N. , Zakharenko A. V.
Published: October 2019

Minimization of consumption by the buildings during exploitation of energy resources produced of non-renewable energy sources is the main objective of modern energy efficient construction. Currently, there are two principal solutions to this issue: the use of renewable energy sources (such as solar energy, geothermal energy, etc.) and optimization of secondary energy consumption. The paper considers one of the main approaches of secondary energy consumption, which is advisable to use in residential buildings, viz. the use of heat of household drains. Taking into account the fact that in modern energy-efficient buildings a significant amount of energy is still spent on hot water supply, one of the options for optimizing this process is the reuse of waste water heat as the initial source of heating of cold water supplied to the building. The design and technological solution of the heat exchanger, which will make the most efficient use of waste water heat for heating cold tap water possible, is proposed. A characteristic feature of the heat exchanger is the providing a screw movement of waste water along the internal standpipe. At the same time, cold water moves evenly along its outer contour, gradually being heated up from household drains. The key problem of the considered design solution is the correct choice of the appropriate slope of the screw surface, which will ensure the maximum transfer of heat to cold water and at the same time provide a quality drain, eliminating the possibility of clogging and stagnation of small particles. In order to solve this problem an assessment of the existing theoretical and practical approaches to the provision of water flow in technological pipelines which allows determining the optimal value of the slope of the surface has been fulfilled.
Improved Clinical Outcome Using Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A or B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Regardless of Tumor Size: Results of a Single-center Retrospective Case Control Study
Authors: Ren Yanqiao , Cao Yanyan , Ma Hong , Kan Xuefeng , Zhou Chen , Liu Jiacheng , Shi Qin , Feng Gansheng , Xiong Bin , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: October 2019

Background To determine the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (hereafter, TACE-RFA) in treating Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage A or B (hereafter, BCLC A/B) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and to explore the range of tumor sizes suitable for combination therapy. Methods This retrospective study assessed the consecutive medical records of HCC patients with BCLC A/B who received TACE-RFA or TACE from September 2009 to September 2018. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), therapeutic response, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Among 2447 patients who received TACE-RFA or TACE, 399 eligible patients were enrolled in our study, including 128 patients in the TACE-RFA group and 271 patients in the TACE group. Compared with the TACE group, the PFS and OS rates of 1,3,5,8 years in the TACE-RFA group were significantly better, with higher objective tumor regression rate and better disease control rate. RFA treatment did not increase the risk of death in patients with HCC, and both liver subcapsular hematoma and bile duct injury were improved by symptomatic treatment.. Serum α-fetoprotein level and treatment method were important independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas albumin, hepatitis B and treatment method were important independent prognostic factors for PFS. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the TACE-RFA group always showed better OS and PFS. Conclusions TACE-RFA had an advantage over TACE alone in prolonging PFS and improving OS in HCC patients with BCLC A/B, and can benefit patients regardless of tumor size.
Fibular strut allograft influences reduction and outcomes after locking plate fixation of comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Cui Xueliang , chen Hui , Ma Binbin , Fan Wenbin , Li He
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are the third most commonly occurring fractures in elderly patients. Most of these fractures can be treated with conservative methods, but the optimal surgical treatment strategy for unstable fractures in elderly patients remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes between locking compression plate (LCP) fixation and LCP fixation with fibular allograft implantation for the treatment of comminuted PHFs.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 60 three- and four-part PHFs . The outcomes were assessed for 35 patients in the LCP group and 25 in the LCP with fibular allograft (FA) group, with a mean age of 72.75 years (60 to 88), at a mean follow-up of 31.95 months (24 to 40). Fracture reduction was quantitatively determined by humeral head height (HHH) and neck-shaft angle (NSA). Loss of anatomic fixation was defined if the varus malalignment of the neck-shaft angle (NSA) was more than 5° or if the change in HHH was more than 3 mm. The clinical outcome was evaluated by Constant-Murley score (CMS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score.
Result: The average radiological changes were higher in the LCP group than in the locking plate with fibular allograft group (HHH of 4.16 mm vs 1.18 mm [p<0.001] and NSA of 9.94° versus 3.12° [p﹤0.001 ]). The final average outcome scores were lower in the LCP group than in the FA group (CMS of 73.00 vs 78.96 [p=0.024] and ASES score of 72.80 vs 78.64 [p=0.022]). The FA group showed better forward elevation (p=0.010) and abduction (p=0.002); however, no significant differences were observed for shoulder external rotation or internal rotation. The number of complications was higher in the LCP group (28.57%) than in the FA group (1.2%) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: For comminuted PHFs in elderly patients, locking plate fixation with a fibular strut allograft showed satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes.
Trial registration: ZDYJLY(2018)New-9.
Name of registry: IEC for clinical Research of Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University.
URL of registry: http://www.njzdyy.com. Date of registration: 2018-05-17
Key words: proximal humeral fracture; fibular allograft; locking plate; elderly patients
Quality of life and the prevalence of urinary incontinence after surgical treatment for gynecologic cancer: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Nakayama Noriko , Tsuji Tetsuya , Aoyama Makoto , Fujino Takafumi , Liu Meigen
Published: October 2019

Background Although there have been a number of reports on urinary voiding symptoms associated with surgical interventions for gynecologic cancer and post-voiding symptoms, there have been few reports on urinary storage symptoms such as urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB). The purpose of this study was to examine the rates and impact on quality of life (QOL) of urinary storage symptoms after gynecologic cancer surgery.
Methods A questionnaire survey, including Japanese-language versions of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), was distributed to gynecologic cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy between 2008 and 2013.
Results Of the 145 patients analyzed, 49 (33.8%) had UI pre-surgery and 76 (52.4%) had UI post-surgery, including 34 (35.4%) first-time UI patients, with a significant difference between pre- and post-surgery. Of the 49 subjects with UI pre-surgery, 43 (87.7%) had stress incontinence, while of the 76 patients with UI post-surgery, 44 (57.1%) had stress incontinence, and 24 (31.2%) had mixed incontinence. Seven (4.8%) subjects had OAB pre-surgery, whereas 19 (13.1%) had OAB symptoms post-surgery (including 15 first-time OAB patients), with a significant difference between pre- and post-surgery. IIQ-7 scores were markedly higher for patients with mixed incontinence post-surgery than for those with stress incontinence, indicating a lower QOL. Logistic regression analysis identified the number of Cesarean sections and days of urinary bladder catheterization as risk factors for postoperative UI.
Conclusions UI and OAB rates were higher after gynecologic cancer surgery than in the general female population. The mixed incontinence rate was markedly higher post-surgery; QOL was low for such patients due to the combination of urgency and stress incontinence. Multiple Cesarean sections and urinary bladder catheterization post-surgery were risk factors for post-surgical UI.
Controlled Trial to compare the Achilles Tendon load during running in flatfeet participants using a customized arch support orthoses vs an orthotic heel lift
Authors: Lee Kawin KW , Ling Samuel Ka Kin , Yung Patrick SH
Published: October 2019

Background: Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most common overuse injuries in running, and forefoot pronation, seen in flatfeet participants, has been proposed to cause additional loading across the Achilles tendon. Foot orthoses are one of the common and effective conservative treatment prescribed for Achilles tendinopathy, it works by correcting the biomechanical malalignment and reducing tendon load. Previous studies have shown reduction of Achilles Tendon load (ATL) during running by using customized arch support orthosis (CASO) or an orthotic heel lift (HL). However, there are still little biomechanical evidence and comparative studies to guide orthotic prescriptions for Achilles tendinopathy management. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the two currently employed orthotic treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy: CASO and HL for the reduction of ATL and Achilles tendon loading rate (ATLR) in recreational runners with flatfeet.
Methods: 12 participants were recruited and run along the runway in the laboratory for three conditions: (1) without orthoses, (2) with CASO (3) with HL. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded by 3D motion capturing system and force platform. Ankle joint moments and ATL were computed and compared within the three conditions.
Results: Participants who ran with CASO (p=0.001, d=0.43) or HL (p=0.001, d=0.48) associated with a significant reduction in ATL when compared to without orthotics. There was no difference between the two types of orthoses, the mean peak ATL of CASO was slightly lower than HL. Regarding the ATLR, both orthoses, CASO (p=0.003, d= 0.93) and HL (p=0.004, d= 0.78), exhibited significant lower value than the control but similarly, no significant difference was noted between them in which the use of CASO yielded a slightly lower loading rate than that of HL.
Conclusions: Both CASO and HL were able to cause a significant reduction in peak ATL and ATLR comparing to without orthotics condition. There were subtle but no statistically significant differences in the biomechanical effects between the two types of orthoses. The findings help to quantify the effect of CASO and HL on load reduction of Achilles tendon and suggests that foot orthoses may serve to prevent the incidence of Achilles tendon pathologies.
Multilevel modelling of factors associated with Caesarean Section in Ethiopia: Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Azene Abebaw Gedef , Aragaw Abiba Mihret , Gedefaw Mihretie
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic and health related factors associated with caesarean section in Ethiopia.
Results: A total of 256 mothers undergoing to CS among 7193 delivery. Average maternal age of a participant was 29.26 years and 80% of mothers having two and more children. A woman delivered in private institution was 30% (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.32) more likely undergoing CS as compared to home delivery. Factors associated with CS were higher education level (AOR= 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.12), preceding birth interval (AOR= 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00. 1.03), multiple pregnancy (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 1.08, 1.15), multiple parity (AOR=0.98; 95% CI:0.97, 0.99), large size the child (AOR=1.01; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.02), richest households (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99), rural residence (AOR = 0.98 95% CI:0.96, 0.99) and Addis Ababa (AOR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.04,1.09). As a conclusion and recommendation, the prevalence of CS higher in private institutions and Addis Ababa, so professionals should apply CS alone medical indication.
Second drug-eluting stent implantation versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of young patients with left main and/or multivessel coronary disease
Authors: Chen Xue , Zhang Xuehui , Yan Yunfeng , Zhao Xin , Nie Maoxiao , Feng Tingting , Liang Zhe , Zhao Quanming
Published: October 2019

Background
Many studies have compared outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for complex coronary artery disease (CAD). However, no trials have focused on young patients (< 45 years) with complex CAD. We conducted a retrospective evaluation to compare the outcomes of a 2nd drug-eluting stent and CABG in young patients with LM or three-vessel disease.
Methods
In the young patients with complex CAD who underwent PCI or CABG, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression before and after propensity-score matching were used to compare major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including myocardial infarction (MI), stoke, death and repeat revascularization.
Results
During the follow-up, MACCE occurred in 20.5% of patients in the PCI group and 8.6% in the CABG group (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.263, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.379 to 7.722, p=0.007). Repeat revascularization occurred more frequently in the PCI group (18.9% vs. 3.7% respectively, HR: 6.968, 95% CI: 2.036 to 23.842, p=0.002). There were no significant differences in other endpoints. After propensity-score matching, no conclusions were changed.
Conclusions
In young patients with LM or three-vessel disease, PCI showed a higher incidence of MACCE, which was mainly driven by repeat revascularization. However that did not translate into hard endpoints differences. Therefore, PCI is an alternative treatment to CABG in young patients with complex CAD.
Health system challenges to hypertension and related non-communicable diseases prevention and treatment: perspectives from Ghanaian stakeholders
Authors: Laar Amos K. , Adler Alma J. , Kotoh Agnes M. , Legido-Quigley Helena , Lange Isabelle L. , Perel Pablo , Lamptey Peter
Published: October 2019

Background Hypertension, itself a cardiovascular condition, is a significant risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is recognised as a major public health challenge in Ghana. Beginning in 2014, a collaborative team launched the community-based hypertension improvement program (ComHIP) in one health district in Ghana. The ComHIP project, a public-private partnership, tests a community-based model that engages the private sector and utilizes information and communication technology (ICT) to control hypertension. This paper, however, focuses on the various challenges associated with managing hypertension in Ghana, as reported by ComHIP stakeholders. Methods A total of 55 informants – comprising patients, health care professionals, licensed chemical sellers (LCS), national and sub-national policy makers – were purposively selected for interview and focus group discussions (FGDs). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Where applicable, transcriptions were translated directly from local language to English. The data were then analysed using two-step thematic analysis. The protocol was approved by the two ethics review committees based in Ghana and the third, based in the United Kingdom. All participants were interviewed after informed consent. Results Our data have implications for the on-going implementation of ComHIP, especially the importance of policy maker buy-in, the benefits, as well as drawbacks of the program to different stakeholders. While our data show that the ComHIP initiative is acceptable to patients and healthcare providers – increasing providers’ knowledge on hypertension and patients’ awareness of same, there were implementation challenges identified by both patients and providers. Policy level challenges relate to task-sharing bottlenecks, which precluded nurses from prescribing or dispensing antihypertensives, and LCS from stocking same. Medication adherence, and the phenomenon of medical pluralism in Ghana, were identified challenges. The perspectives from the national level stakeholders enable elucidation of whole of health system challenges to ComHIP and therefore similarly designed future programmes. Conclusions This paper sheds important light on the patient/individual, and system level challenges to hypertension and related non-communicable disease prevention and treatment in Ghana. The data show that although the ComHIP initiative is acceptable to patients and healthcare providers, policy level task-sharing bottlenecks preclude optimal implementation of ComHIP.
Rationale and Study Design: The Screening of Congenital Heart Disease by Cardiac Auscultation and 12-Leads Electrocardiograph Examination in First-grade Elementary School Children in Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Dinarti Lucia Kris , Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Murni Indah Kartika , Dewanto Vera Christina , Pritazahra Armalya , Hadwiono Muhammad Reyhan , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan
Published: October 2019

Background Congenital heart diseases (CHD) cause declining of functional capacity, cyanosis, arrhythmia, stroke, and death in adulthood. The screening for congenital heart disease in children has not been established in Indonesia. This results in a relatively high prevalence of uncorrected CHD in adulthood, who mostly have developed pulmonary artery hypertension. The screening program by cardiac auscultation and electrocardiography (ECG) in schoolchildren has been proven to be feasible in developed countries, which may also be feasible in Indonesia.Aim This study was planned to test and assess CHD screening methods based on electrocardiography examination in school children.Methods We conducted a screening program in first grade elementary school children in the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The schools were determined by purposive sampling. Trained general practitioners in community health centers participated in the screening. The physical examinations were done, which focused on cardiac auscultation and ECG examination. Those who had abnormal findings underwent trans-thoracic echocardiography to confirm the CHD.Results We collaborated with local governments in recruiting the participating community health centers and elementary schools. A total of 130 elementary schools from 5 districts in Yogyakarta Province were recruited, all without prior information on students’ presentation of symptoms.Conclusions This study is the first screening program that focuses on heart diseases in elementary school students in Indonesia. The success and feasibility of this program will give a valuable impact on preventing CHD complications during adulthood.
The Effect of Occupational Stress on Depression and Insomnia: a Cross-sectional Study Among Employees in a Ghanaian Telecommunication Company
Authors: Kploanyi Emma Edinam , Dwomoh Duah , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli
Published: October 2019

Background Depression and insomnia are major psychiatric conditions that are predicted by occupational stress. However, the influence of occupational stress on these two conditions is under-explored in telecommunication companies, especially in Africa. This research was conducted to assess occupational stress in a Ghanaian telecommunication company and its effect on depression and insomnia.Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among employees at a telecommunication company in Accra. Structured self-administered questionnaires were used in collecting data from 235 respondents using simple random sampling. Chi-square test of independence and the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test were employed to assess the significance of associations with subsequent sensitivity analysis using Multiple logistic, Poisson and Probit regression models. Occupational stress was matched on three variables: age of the workers, responsibility for dependents and work experience, to improve on the estimation of its impact on symptomatic depression and insomnia using the coarsened exact matching procedure.Results More males (52.8%) than females participated in this study. The age range for study participants was 20-49 years with a mean of 30.8 ± 6.9 years. The prevalence of occupational stress among the employees was 32.8% (95% CI= 26.7-38.8). More than half of respondents (51%) reported depressive symptoms in the past week and only a few (6%) reported being diagnosed with insomnia in the past year. Age, responsibility for dependents and work experience were the only background characteristics that were significantly associated with perceived occupational stress. After controlling for background characteristics, the estimated risk of reporting symptoms of depression among employees who perceived stress from work was only 5% higher [ARR; 95% CI=1.05 (0.94-1.17)] whereas it was 2.58 times the risk of reporting insomnia [ARR; 95% CI=2.58(0.83-8.00)] compared to those who did not perceive stress from their jobs. The relative risk reduced to 2.46[ARR; 95% CI=2.46(0.77-7.87)] and 1.03[ARR; 95% CI=1.03(0.91-1.17)] for insomnia and depression respectively after employing Poisson regression with CEM.Conclusion The study found a higher risk of insomnia among employees who reported occupational stress compared to those who did not. However, there was not enough statistical evidence to conclude that occupational stress was associated with depression among the study participants.