bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the gene pool of the Khants with the peoples of Western Siberia, Cis-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Region according to the data on the polymorphism of autosomic locus and the Y-chromosome
Authors: Kharkov V. N. , Kolesnikov N. A. , Valikhova L. V. , Zarubin A. A. , Svarovskaya M. G. , Marusin A. V. , Khitrinskaya I. Yu. , Stepanov V. A.
Published: March 2023

Khanty are indigenous Siberian people living on the territory of Western Siberia, mainly on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The present study is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the Khanty gene pool and their comparison with other populations of the indigenous population of Southern and Western Siberia. To address the issues of genetic proximity of the Khanty with other indigenous peoples, we performed genotyping of a wide genomic set of autosomal markers using high-density biochips, as well as an expanded set of SNP and STR markers of the Y-chromosome in various ethnic groups: Khakas, Tuvans, Southern Altaians, Siberian Tatars, Chulyms (Turkic language family) and Kets (Yeniseian language family). The structure of the gene pool of the Khanty and other West Siberian and South Siberian populations was studied using a genome-wide panel of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphic markers and Y-chromosome markers. The results of the analysis of autosomal SNPs frequencies by various methods, the similarities in the composition of the Y-chromosome haplogroups and YSTR haplotypes indicate that the Khanty gene pool is quite specific. When analyzing autosomal SNPs, the Ugrian genetic component completely dominates in both samples (up to 99–100 %). The samples of the Khanty showed the maximum match in IBD blocks with each other, with a sample of the Kets, Chulyms, Tuvans, Tomsk Tatars, Khakas, Kachins, and Southern Altaians. The degree of coincidence of IBD blocks between the Khanty, Kets, and Tomsk Tatars is consistent with the results of the distribution of allele frequencies and common genetic components in these populations. According to the composition of the Y-chromosome haplogroups, the two samples of the Khanty differ significantly from each other. A detailed phylogenetic analysis of various Y-chromosome haplogroups made it possible to describe and clarify the differences in the phylogeny and structure of individual ethnospecific sublines, to determine their relationship, traces of population expansion in the Khanty gene pool. Variants of different haplogroups of the Y-chromosome in the Khanty, Khakas and Tuvans go back to their common ancestral lines. The results of a comparative analysis of male samples indicate a close genetic relationship between the Khanty and Nenets, Komi, Udmurts and Kets. The specificity of haplotypes, the discovery of various terminal SNPs confirms that the Khanty did not come into contact with other ethnic groups for a long time, except for the Nenets, which included many Khanty clans.
Blocks identical by descent in the genomes of the indigenous population of Siberia demonstrate genetic links between populations
Authors: Kolesnikov N. A. , Kharkov V. N. , Vagaitseva K. V. , Zarubin A. A. , Stepanov V. A.
Published: March 2023

The gene pool of the indigenous population of Siberia is a unique system for studying population and evolutionary genetic processes, analyzing genetic diversity, and reconstructing the genetic history of populations. High ethnic diversity is a feature of Siberia, as one of the regions of the peripheral settlement of modern human. The vast expanses of this region and the small number of aboriginal populations contributed to the formation of significant territorial and genetic subdivision. About 40 indigenous peoples are settled on the territory of the Siberian historical and ethnographic province. Within the framework of this work, a large-scale population study of the gene pool of the indigenous peoples of Siberia was carried out for the first time at the level of high-density biochips. This makes it possible to fill in a significant gap in the genogeographic picture of the Eurasian population. For this, DNA fragments were analyzed, which had been inherited without recombination by each pair of individuals from their recent common ancestor, that is, segments (blocks) identical by descent (IBD). The distribution of IBD blocks in the populations of Siberia is in good agreement with the geographical proximity of the populations and their linguistic affiliation. Among the Siberian populations, the Chukchi, Koryaks, and Nivkhs form a separate cluster from the main Siberian group, with the Chukchi and Koryaks being more closely related. Separate subclusters of Evenks and Yakuts, Kets and Chulyms are formed within the Siberian cluster. Analysis of SNPs that fell into more IBD segments of the analyzed populations made it possible to compile a list of 5358 genes. According to the calculation results, biological processes enriched with these genes are associated with the detection of a chemical stimulus involved in the sensory perception of smell. Enriched for the genes found, molecular pathways are associated with the metabolism of linoleic, arachidonic, tyrosic acids and by olfactory transduction. At the same time, an analysis of the literature data showed that some of the selected genes, which were found in a larger number of IBD blocks in several populations at once, can play a role in genetic adaptation to environmental factors.
Influence of human peripheral blood samples preprocessing on the quality of Hi-C libraries
Authors: Gridina M. M. , Vesna E. , Minzhenkova M. E. , Shilova N. V. , Ryzhkova O. P. , Nazarenko L. P. , Belyaeva E. O. , Lebedev I. N. , Fishman V. S.
Published: March 2023

The genome-wide variant of the chromatin conformation capture technique (Hi-C) is a powerful tool for revealing patterns of genome spatial organization, as well as for understanding the effects of their disturbance on disease development. In addition, Hi-C can be used to detect chromosomal rearrangements, including balanced translocations and inversions. The use of the Hi-C method for the detection of chromosomal rearrangements is becoming more widespread. Modern high-throughput methods of genome analysis can effectively reveal point mutations and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. However, their sensitivity for determining translocations and inversions remains rather low. The storage of whole blood samples can affect the amount and integrity of genomic DNA, and it can distort the results of subsequent analyses if the storage was not under proper conditions. The Hi-C method is extremely demanding on the input material. The necessary condition for successfully applying Hi-C and obtaining high-quality data is the preservation of the spatial chromatin organization within the nucleus. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal storage conditions of blood samples for subsequent Hi-C analysis. We selected 10 different conditions for blood storage and sample processing. For each condition, we prepared and sequenced Hi-C libraries. The quality of the obtained data was compared. As a result of the work, we formulated the requirements for the storage and processing of samples to obtain high-quality Hi-C data. We have established the minimum volume of blood sufficient for conducting Hi-C analysis. In addition, we have identified the most suitable methods for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their long-term storage. The main requirement we have formulated is not to freeze whole blood.
In vivo comparison of small- and large-bore aspiration catheters in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Pigoń Katarzyna , Radzik Edyta , Pękała Maciej , Tomecka Natalia , Tomasik Andrzej , Nowalany-Kozielska Ewa
Published: March 2023

Wstęp

Trombektomia aspiracyjna jest zalecana jedynie u wybranych pacjentów z zawałem mięśnia sercowego z uniesieniem odcinka ST (ST elevation myocardial infarction – STEMI). Analiza z wykorzystaniem optycznej tomografii koherencyjnej wykazała ograniczenia niektórych cewników aspiracyjnych w usuwaniu skrzepliny. Ponadto testy in vitro wskazują na istotne różnice w ich skuteczności zależnie od konstrukcji końcówki dystalnej oraz wewnętrznej średnicy. Celem pracy jest porównanie skuteczności przezskórnej interwencji wieńcowej (percutaneous coronary intervention – PCI) z zastosowaniem trombektomii aspiracyjnej oraz bez jej użycia, a także sprawdzenie skuteczności różnych cewników w zależności od ich wewnętrznej średnicy.

Materiał i metody

Badaniem objęto 773 chorych ze STEMI: 586 chorych tylko po PCI (grupa Ctrl) oraz 187 chorych po PCI i trombektomii. Cewniki podzielono na te o dużym otworze (large-bore – LB), zastosowane u 146 pacjentów (grupa LB), oraz te o wąskim otworze (small-bore – SB) – u 41 pacjentów (grupa SB). Porównano perfuzję mięśnia sercowego, frakcję wyrzutową lewej komory (left ventricular ejection fraction – LVEF) i długoterminową śmiertelność z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny. Analizę statystyczną oparto na nieparametrycznej analizie przeżycia ANOVA oraz Kaplana i Meiera.

Wyniki

Grupy charakteryzowała stronniczość wyboru w odniesieniu do danych demograficznych oraz prezentacji angiograficznej zawału mięśnia sercowego. W porównaniu z grupą Ctrl grupy LB i SB były młodsze, prezentowały wolniejszy przepływ nasierdziowy i większy materiał zakrzepowy w klasyfikacji TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction). W grupie SB, w porównaniu z grupą Ctrl, obserwowano nieistotny trend w kierunku gorszej perfuzji mięśnia sercowego. Grupa LB miała niższą LVEF przed wypisem w porównaniu z grupą Ctrl. Długoterminowa umieralność z przyczyn ogólnych była porównywalna we wszystkich grupach.

Wnioski

Nie mamy wystarczających dowodów na to, że cewniki SB są mniej skuteczne. Pozytywną obserwacją jest fakt, że długoterminowa śmiertelność z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny w grupie pacjentów po trombektomii aspiracyjnej jest porównywalna z tą w grupie kontrolnej, wymaga ona jednak potwierdzenia w przyszłych badaniach.
Effective Secondary Services in Transition-Age Youth With Disabilities: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Lee Deborah , Ramírez May , Castruita-Rios Yazmin , Chen Xiangli , Tansey Timothy
Published: March 2023

Background:Youth with disabilities who have at least one paid work experience during high school are more than twice as likely to be employed after high school. However, barriers exist that limit work opportunities for youth with disabilities and subsequent entry to work as part of their adult lives.

Objective:The study identified secondary education services that have been found to be scientifically valid and effective in improving transition to work of youth with disabilities.

Methods:A scoping review was conducted of secondary services provided to transition-age youth with disabilities associated with employment outcomes. The final full-text review consisted of 30 articles.

Findings:Findings describe five major themes related to secondary education services associated with employment. These themes are work experience, independence and autonomy, IEP and transition planning process, student characteristics, and medical restoration services.

Conclusions:These findings suggest that secondary education services are effective in improving the transition to work for transition-age youth with disabilities. Recommendations are made for educators, rehabilitation professionals, and school administrators to enhance the rates of youth with disabilities in finding and maintaining meaningful employment.
Employment Outcomes for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theory Mapping of the Evidence
Authors: Mpofu Elias
Published: March 2023

Background:People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are three to four times less largely to be with employment compared to neurotypical others. Theory based studies may provide helpful indicators for the design and implementation of employment supports for people with ASD.

Objective:This critical review examined the extent of the evidence for theory in studies on employment outcomes for people with ASD and taking into account social inequality. For the evidence, 35 studies were selected for review if they were published in the period 2000–2016 and assessed for the association between work participation with ASD applying descriptive survey or quasi-experimental design.

Methods:Studies were examined for use of any theory, including four predetermined theory types: social liminality, psychosocial, behavioral, and structural-infrastructural. They were also content-analyzed to determine if they cited any evidence of social inequality influences on employment outcomes with ASD.

Findings:Results indicated that none of the studies explicitly applied and tested a theory on work participation with ASD. Rather, the majority of the studies were implicitly framed on predominantly behavioral type theory with minor elements of workplace psychosocial support theory-oriented interventions. Regard of structural-infrastructural type theory addressing social inequality is incidentally addressed by a few of the studies (n= 3) that examined family income status influences.

Conclusion:In conclusion, extant studies on the association between employment outcomes and ASD are seriously limited in their explanatory value by a lack of theoretical grounding. They also neglect influences of antecedent social inequality in employment outcomes with ASD. Future studies should apply specific theory to questions on employment outcomes with ASD to provide usable evidence to inform employment support policy instruments and interventions for people with ASD.
Intégrer les risques climatiques dans la programmation de l’assainissement rural en RDP lao
Authors: Kumar Avni , Kohlitz Jeremy , Willetts Juliet
Published: March 2023

Cette Note d’apprentissage de la SLH présente les enseignements tirés de l’expérience des praticiens dans le cadre de l’intégration des considérations liées au risque climatique dans un programme ATPC. Les interventions ont été pilotées dans trois districts de la province de Savannakhet en mettant l’accent sur des villages ayant fréquemment subi de fortes précipitations et des inondations dans le passé. La note d’apprentissage entend fournir une inspiration et des idées aux experts et praticiens du secteur de l’eau, l’assainissement et l’hygiène (EAH) qui s’intéressent à la prise en compte de considérations liées au changement climatique dans la programmation de l’assainissement en milieu rural.
KONSEP SEDEKAH KOLEKTIF BERHADIAH BERDASARKAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARI’AH
Authors: Sari Wulan Indah , Harun Muhammad , Napisah Napisah
Published: March 2023

The journal entitled: "A Study of the Concept of Collective Alms with Berhadah Based on the Perspective of Sharia Economic Law (Study at the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Development of Palembang City)" With the background of the problem that the concept of collective alms with prizes designed by the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Development (BKPSDM) Palembang City is different from the concept of alms in general which is often done individually, without being limited by time and a certain amount spontaneously and voluntarily. The thing that distinguishes the alms program at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency of Palembang City and alms in general lies in the giving of one Umrah package as a gift to the selected alms member as a reward. The formulation of the problem in this study is first, How is the concept of collective alms with prizes at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Palembang City? Second, what is the perspective of Sharia Economic Law on the concept of collective alms with prizes at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Palembang City?

This research method uses the type of field research (Field Research) which was carried out at the BKPSDM Palembang City. The data collection method in this research is through interviews and documentation. Sources of data used in this study are primary data sources obtained through interviews with the Head of the Agency and Staff/Employees at BKPSDM Palembang City, and secondary data sources obtained from books and research results related to the discussion in this study. The data analysis used by the author in this study is qualitative descriptive.

The results of the study concluded that the concept of collective alms with prizes at the Palembang City BKPSDM was carried out voluntarily and put forward the concept of honesty, the money from alms was issued in the form of gifts in the form of Umrah as a reward to selected employees. Based on the perspective of Sharia Economic Law, the concept of collective alms with prizes is in accordance with the principles of Sharia Economic Law because the alms are done voluntarily, which means that there is no coercion from any party and is not carried out for profit. The contract used in this alms concept is the tabbaru contract (please help), the alms issued in the form of umrah gifts are a form of mutual assistance among employees, and to motivate the Palembang City BKPSDM employees to be fond of giving alms.

Keywords: Alms Concept, Prize, Sharia Economic Law
QARD DAN RAHN DALAM PANDANGAN PARA FUQAHA
Authors: Sh Yupi Pirdayanti
Published: March 2023

Dalam Islam interaksi antar manusia sering kali disebut dengan mu‟amalah dari mulai bentuk jual beli, sewa menyewa, qard, ijarah dan lain hal sebagainya. Artikel ini menjelaskan terkait pendapat para fuqaha tentang qard dan rahn. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian berupa studi kepustakaan (library research) yaitu penelitian dengan menggunakan data kepustakaan baik berupa buku, jurnal, artikel dan yang lainnya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif dimana metode untuk menggambarkan, menjelaskan atau mendeskripsikan terkait pandangan para fuqaha tentang qard dan rahn. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam kajian ini ialah, qard merupakan salah satu akad pinjam meminjam dimana tidak adanya syarat penambahan disaat pengembalian pinjaman. Menurut ulama Syafi‟i, Maliki dan Hambali memperbolehkan akad qard atas semua harta yang dapat diperjualbelikan sepeerti, emas, perak, makanan ataupun barang yang berharga seperti barang dagangan dan yang lainnya. Selain membahas qard penulis juga membahas terkait Rahn dimana pembahasanya mempunyai kriteria masing-masing. Dalam melakukan akad Rahn harus memiliki sesuatu yang dapat digadaikan, sehingga mendapatkan pinjaman dari sesuatu yang digadaikan dan barang yang digadaikan menjadi jaminan atas utang apabila tidak dapat melunasinya.
ANALISIS AKAD IJĀRAH DALAM TABUNGAN HAJI PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Safitri Anggun , Cholidi Cholidi , Zuraidah Zuraidah
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK

 

Tingginya minat muslim Indonesia yang ingin menunaikan ibadah haji, sehingga perbankan syariah sebagai fasilisator dalam pengumlupan dana nasabah yang ingin berangkat haji memberikan inovasi dalam produk jasa pengurusan Ibadah Haji yang disambut antusias oleh nasabah Muslim, DSN mengatur kegiatan perekonomian yang berprinsip Syariah seperti dalam Fatwa DSN No. 29/DSN-MUI/VI/2002 Tentang Pembiayaan Pengurusan Haji Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Dalam Fatwa tersebut LKS dilarang melakukan dana talangan kepada nasabah, karena dapat menimbulkan hutang-piutang, seharusnya syarat haji ialah bagi yang mampu.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaaan (library research). Penulisan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis).

Temuan penelitian bahwa akad ijārah boleh diterapkan dalam produk tabungan haji tetapi besaran ujrah atau upah harus dijelaskan ketika awal perjanjian, agar terhindarnya dari unsur gharar (tipu-menipu). Dan perbankan syariah dilarang menerapkan sistem dana talangan Haji, dan harus berpedoman pada hukum islam serta Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Akad Ijārah, ujrah, Tabungan Haji
Case study: A few letters on a corn stalk leaf led to a rapist and murderer
Authors: Busarčević Miroslav , Simonović Branislav
Published: March 2023

The article shows a case study of the rape and murder of an 18-year-old girl. The perpetrator sexually assaulted the victim in his car, which he parked in a cornfield, and then set her on fire. One of the most important pieces of evidence in that case was a reflection of damaged relief letters from the sidewall of a car tire, near the tread, pressed against a corn stalk leaf – the size of the imprint was 1 × 0.5 cm. The article describes the procedure of traceological expertise and concludes that analyzing the imprint in the discussed case was based on the same principles as the procedure of identifying a trace of an imprint made by a stamp on a piece of paper.
Rubber stamp impressions: A study of defects and their significance in questioned document examination
Authors: Jasuja Om Prakash , Kumar Sharma Jatin , Anand Jassy
Published: March 2023

The sole objective of a forensic document examiner is to assist in discovering and proving the facts in any investigation or legal inquiry involving genuineness of a document or any part thereof. A document is usually questioned because its origin, content, or the circumstances and story of its production arouse serious suspicion as to its genuineness. It may also be adversely scrutinized simply because it displeases someone with its unexpected provisions, and a careful examination may show conclusively that the document is indeed genuine. The increasing use of many kinds of documents is among the characteristics of civilization. Taking into account the opportunities for fraud this offers and the imperfection of human nature, it is not strange that now and then a document appears which does not belong in the genuine class.

As it relates to document examination, rubber stamp identification is closely akin to handwriting and typewriting analysis. Identifying a particular stamp, type-, or handwriting and determining when it was performed, its possible source, and circumstances of production – these are the chief aims of any initial examination. Rubber stamps may be individualized at any stage of the manufacturing process, even back-tracking to imperfections in the metal typefaces, but more commonly, unique characteristics are the effect of use, misuse, wear, and even age of the stamp. The present study discusses the steps in manufacturing a rubber stamp and the causes of defects leading to its identification, as well as attempts to examine the stamp impressions on the basis of the defects induced by these factors.
Sustainable Supply Chain Design : Modellierung und Bewertung alternativer Supply Chains für Baumwoll-T-Shirts auf Basis der Aktivitätsanalyse
Authors: Ankerbrand Karina , Sucky Eric
Published: March 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf ein nachhaltiges Supply Chain Design. Mit einem zielgerichteten Supply Chain Design werden Erfolgspotenziale geschaffen sowie langfristige Rahmenbedingungen festgelegt. Die Gestaltungsaufgabe des Supply Chain Designs betrifft aus einer institutionellen Perspektive beispielsweise Entscheidungen über die in die Supply Chain zu integrierenden Supply Chain-Partner. Für die physische Ebene der Supply Chain ist die Struktur, die Dichte und die Leistungsfähigkeit des Netzwerks festzulegen. Von nachhaltigem Supply Chain Design kann gesprochen werden, wenn neben Erfolgszielen auch ökologische und soziale Ziele im Rahmen des Supply Chain Designs verfolgt werden. Auf Basis der Aktivitätsanalyse wird ein quantitatives Modell zur Darstellung und Lösung des Problems eines nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Supply Chain Designs entwickelt und am Beispiel von Baumwoll-T-Shirts angewendet.
Mobility as a Service während der Covid-19-Pandemie : Eine Kurzumfrage zur Nutzungsbereitschaft in Deutschland
Authors: Karl David , Dehler Jessica
Published: March 2023

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) gilt als alternatives Mobilitätskonzept zur privaten PKW-Nutzung. Da die Covid-19-Pandemie das Mobilitätsverhalten beeinflusst, wirkt sie sich auf die Verbreitung und Entwicklung von MaaS aus. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bereitschaft zur Nutzung von MaaSAngeboten zu untersuchen. Methodisch greift dieser Beitrag hierzu auf eine Online-Befragung von 245 potenziellen MaaS-Nutzern aus Deutschland zur persönlichen Einschätzung dieses Konzepts vor und während der Pandemie zurück. Die Pandemie hat vor allem zu Beginn das Mobilitätsverhalten und damit die MaaS-Nutzung stark beeinflusst. Insgesamt hatte sie für die Mehrheit der Befragten eher geringen Einfluss auf die MaaS-Nutzungsbereitschaft, doch bei etwa einem Drittel ist die Nutzungspräferenz gesunken. Einflussfaktoren wie z. B. die Angst vor Ansteckung in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln oder eine geringere Mobilitätsnachfrage könnten die veränderten Präferenzen erklären. Für die Praxis bedeuten die Ergebnisse dieser explorativen Studie, dass bestehende Projekte offensiv weiter beworben werden sollten, um in einer Phase des Übergangs von der pandemischen zur endemischen Situation grundsätzliche Befürworter von MaaS zurückzugewinnen.
Sustainable Design Process to achieve Sustainable Logistics : Opportunities offered by Business Analytics
Authors: Narasimhamoorthy Sahana , Knobloch Bernd
Published: March 2023

Logistics is a rapidly expanding industry, and mobility is critical to our way of life. At the same time, there are several environmental, societal, and economic implications associated with logistics transportation, including pollution, noise, and the use of urban space for transportation infrastructure. Business analytics solutions may help firms with logistics operations achieve these targets, while keeping costs down and positively impacting the society. However, many corporations haven’t venture into business analytics to achieve sustainability. The main reasons are the need to customize analytics solutions for each business problem as well as the lack of a viable, coherent process model closing the loop between sustainability objectives and analytical questions, metrics, and tools. This paper introduces a functional framework for sustainability analytics, which can be implemented in any corporation, making the planning, controlling, and measuring of sustainable development easier. The resulting business analytics blueprint, called as “Sustainability Design Process”, is suitable to effectively implement sustainable logistics using business analytics approaches such that there is a balance between economic, environmental, and societal factors.
Digitale Transformation produktionsnaher Prozesse in KMUs des metallverarbeitenden Gewerbes
Authors: Eberhardt Lars
Published: March 2023

Die Potentiale der Digitalisierung für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen KMU sind heute allgemein anerkannt (vbw, 2017 und Kahn et al., 2012). Diesen Potentialen gegenüber stehen die Ressourcenstrukturen von KMUs, welche im Durchschnitt eine ältere Belegschaft und weniger spezialisierte Experten aufweist (Calzavera et al., 2020, Akyazi et al., 2020 und Lee et al., 2009). Dieser Artikel beschreibt mit Fallbeispielen, auf welche Weise die digitale Transformation produktionsnaher Prozesse in KMUs des metallverarbeitenden Gewerbes mit einem Fokus auf die Application Layer erfolgen kann. Die Fälle gehören zum Forschungsprojekt OBerA, das von der bayerischen Regierung initiiert wurde. Im Detail handelt es sich um folgende vier Fallbeispiele aus dem Geschäftsprozess des Produktionsbereiches: - KI-basierte Stammdatenpflege von Preisen und Werkzeugen - Heuristisches Planungsverfahren zur hybriden Make-To-Stock-(MTS) und Make-To-Order-(MTO) Planung - Produktionsdatenerfassung für die Auftragsbuchung - Werkzeugverwaltung in KMUs Zusätzlich zu den Anwendungsfällen wird die Entscheidungsfindung bezüglich IoTArchitekturen, als übergreifendes Thema, untersucht. Jeder der Anwendungsfälle basiert auf einer Forschungsagenda und zielgerichteten Methoden. Daher werden hauptsächlich qualitative Erhebungsmethoden (wie Interviews, Umfragen, Beobachtungsprotokolle und andere) gewählt. Als Ergebnis der Anwendungsfälle und der Recherche zur IoT-Architektur wurden einige Faktoren identifiziert, um das Potential der Digitalisierung mit den vorhandenen Ressourcen in metallverarbeitenden Unternehmen erfolgreich zu nutzen. Über alle Ergebnisse hinweg ist die Betonung der beiden Aspekte Einfachheit und Anschlussfähigkeit hervorzuheben.
Determination of movement profiles based on open-source data from social media
Authors: Rosenkranz Philipp , Honekamp Wilfried
Published: March 2023

Some crime cases cannot be investigated due to the discrepancy between their socially harmful nature and the level of intervention required to investigate them. Investigative approaches in connection with special collection methods of open-source data from social media could provide information that can usually only be obtained through measures with strong encroachments on fundamental rights. Social media offer an approach for law enforcement to quickly and directly access a large amount of openly accessible personal data of the suspect users. This contribution focuses on the acquisition of open-source data from online users to determine movement profile. To this end, 90 digital identities were observed in their social media lives over 20 days. During the observation period, 4,186 contributions were recorded in five online services and then evaluated. A geotag was used for 834 entries and the location could be designated as known for 696 entries. The open-source data from social media is suitable to determine movement profiles of the suspects. Much of the open-source data recorded in this investigation could be used to create a movement profile for the corresponding digital identities. The results indicate that Instagram is currently best suited for creating movement profiles. Snapchat also offers great potential for creating movement profiles. User accounts can be easily assigned to users via Instagram in particular. While Facebook is only suitable to a limited extent, Twitter and YouTube are ruled out for the desired goal.
Das Auto als forensischer Datenspeicher : Technische Hilfsmittel und Möglichkeiten einer forensischen Auswertung von Kfz-Elektroniksystemen
Authors: Polster Heiko , Labudde Dirk
Published: March 2023

Heutige Kraftfahrzeuge beinhalten eine große Anzahl an elektronischen Komponenten. Die Steuergeräte sind sowohl intern miteinander über Bussysteme als auch extern vernetzt. In diesen Steuergeräten werden eine Vielzahl an Daten gespeichert, die aus Ermittlersicht zur Aufklärung von Unfällen oder sogar Straftaten herangezogen werden können. In diesem Paper wird die Akquise von Daten aus Kraftfahrzeugen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele dargestellt. Es werden neben der grundlegenden Architektur der in Kraftfahrzeugen verbauten Bus-Systeme verschiedene technische Hilfsmittel aufgezeigt, die zur Datenextraktion Verwendung finden können. Eine besondere Rolle spielen extrahierbare Fehlermeldungen in Steuergeräten, wobei diese Daten via On-Board-Diagnose oder auch direkt aus Steuergeräten auslesbar sind. Es wird dargestellt, welche Informationen diese Fehlermeldungen beinhalten und wie diese für Ermittler verwendbar sind. Im weiteren Verlauf wird dargestellt, wie aus Schlüsseltranspondern Informationen gewonnen werden können, sodass diese Daten mit anderen forensischen Informationen verknüpfbar sind. Ein weiteres Ziel des Papers ist die Darstellung der Analyse von Infotainmentsystemen, die unter anderem Positionsdaten, gespeicherte Routen, Telefondaten oder auch genaue Abstellorte eines Fahrzeugs zu einem definierten Zeitpunkt beinhalten können.
KI-Regulierung durch die EU : Eine Einschätzung der Regulierungsvorschläge der EU-Kommission vom April 2021 aus ökonomischer Perspektive
Authors: Vogelsang Michael
Published: March 2023

Künstliche Intelligenz betrifft als Querschnittstechnologie alle betrieblichen Funktionen in unterschiedlichen Branchen. Die Beziehungen von Unternehmen, Bürgerinnen und Bürgern und Staat werden durch Anwendungen der Künstlichen Intelligenz beeinflusst oder gesteuert. Mit der Einführung von KI-Anwendungen gehen Vorteile, aber auch mögliche Risiken einher. Daher hat die Europäische Kommission im April 2021 einen Vorschlag für eine Regulierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz vorgestellt. In diesem Beitrag wird der Regulierungsvorschlag vor dem Hintergrund ökonomischer Theorien analysiert.
Investigating and implementing a student vocational education model for educational innovation
Authors: Ho Van-Thong , Tran Huy-Hoang , Nguyen Van-De , Nguyen Van-Trang
Published: March 2023

The development of each student's awareness serves as the governing principle for high school vocational education programs. This awareness then becomes the driving force behind the progression of the educational process. Career education activities for students are the relationships between the objectives, contents, methods and forms of organization of educational activities that are directly and constantly influenced by the educational environment. Student career education activities are the relationships between these aspects of educational activities as determined by research into the programs, textbooks, systematization and theoretical analysis of these activities. This investigation focuses on the following areas: (1) Developing preschool and high school teachers in the province of Dong Thap to meet the criteria of the new educational program (2) Developing models of applying local educational material for students in the province of Dong Thap. Both of these initiatives are part of the Dong Thap Educational Development Project. Findings: Assess the current state of activities for students in the province of Dong Thap that are related to vocational education between 2018- 2021. Develop a model for carrying out activities for students participating in vocational education in the province of Dong Thap to fulfill educational innovation requirements.
New data on the formation of local variations in the Upper Paleolithic of the Caucasus
Authors: Golovanova L.V. , Doronichev V.B. , Doronicheva E.V.
Published: March 2023

As of today, very few Upper Paleolithic sites are known on both the southern and the northern slopes of the Caucasus. Their materials allow tracing settlement dynamics in the region from 40/39 to 20 cal ka BP. The change of the research methodology, which today is focused on thorough excavations involving a range of natural science disciplines for complex investigation of the materials, including complete water sieving of the cultural de-posits, enables obtaining many new, often unique data on human occupation, life-support strategies, and adapta-tions of humans in different periods of the Upper Paleolithic in the Caucasus. In our paper, a wide range of issues is discussed, concerned with the cultural affinity, diversity, and interaction of the Upper Paleolithic population of the Caucasus. The earliest Upper Paleolithic industries (40–35 cal ka BP) of the southern as well as the northern slopes of the Caucasus show the closest affinity. Studies of the raw-material strategies indicate the presence of contacts between populations of the northwestern and South Caucasus throughout the entire Upper Paleolithic and the development of extensive social networks. During the Late Upper Paleolithic period, the materials of the North and South Caucasus acquire certain features of distinctiveness, as in the stone industry and in bone tools and decorations. The appearance of geometric microliths in the South Caucasus contemporaneously with the Near East attests to the contacts between these regions. The delivery of seashells from the Caspian Sea coast to the Lesser Caucasus also indicates the southeastern direction of the contacts. The import of seashells from the Black Sea coast to the northwestern Caucasus indicates the southwestern direction of contacts. The unique finds that have analogies in the Upper Paleolithic of the Russian Plain indicate contacts between populations of the northwestern Caucasus and the Russian Plain that belong to different cultural areas. The current data demon-strate formation of local differences in the culture of the Upper Paleolithic populations in both the South and the North Caucasus, including under the influence of the neighboring regions.
Yakut tangalai clothing: cut, trimming, and technologies
Authors: Petrova S.I. , Prokopeva A.N.
Published: March 2023

Costume of the 17th–18th cc. is a little-studied subject in the history of the Yakut costume. This is due to the fact that costume of this period can be studied only on the materials of the funerary monuments of Yakutia (Eas-tern Siberia). There are scanty written and pictorial sources of this period, and they do not provide detailed infor-mation about the material and technique of making clothes. One of the outstanding examples of the clothing of that time is tangalai - ritual women's clothing with short sleeves embroidered with beads and metal plaques, which in the literature is called fur coat or caftan. Due to its beauty and ritual purpose, tangalai represents a most inte-resting and controversial element of the wardrobe. Such waistcoats were widespread among Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Eurasia and are often associated with the wedding ceremonial and status of married women. The aim of the work is to identify specifics of the make, cut, and decor of tangalai. For this purpose, four samples of clo-thing identified as tangalais were selected from museum collections. All samples were found in female burials of Central and Northern Yakutia and consist of fragments of the base and decorative trim in different states of pres-ervation. A comparative analysis showed that according to the material, cut, and principle of manufacture all sam-ples represent variations of the same type of clothing. Suede made of deer or elk skin, smoked and painted, was used as the basic material. The skin was supplemented with an edging made of expensive and rare furs, which at that time included beaver fur. Beads of predominantly blue color were used in all the samples, supplemented with white and black beads, metal stripes and pendants. Beaded embroidery emphasized certain parts of clothing: shoulders, chest, and back. Accentuation of similar zones preserved in elegant women's fur coats until the beginning of the 20th century. The manufacture of such clothing implied a complex and lengthy technological process from the processing of raw materials to the connection of all the numerous elements. The high quality of the processing of leather and fur and complex beaded decor indicate the presence of professional seamstresses and a more complex organization of the Yakut society of those times. Needle beds, scissors, and workpieces of fur and beads in very rich women's burials, as well as the folklore motifs on this subject may indicate the significance of the sewing workmanship.
Mammoth bone collecting as a traditional occupation of the indigenous population of the East Siberian Arctic (17th — early 20th c.)
Authors: Bravina R.I.
Published: March 2023

The paper is concerned with the history of collecting and trade of fossil mammoth bones as a traditional occupa-tion of the indigenous population of the East Siberian Arctic in the 17th — early 20th c. For a long time the indigenous peoples of the North practiced individual collecting, incidental in the course of hunting, of fossil bones for their house-hold needs. Meanwhile, archaic ideas about the mammoth as a sacred chthonic animal served as a regulator of eco-logical balance of the traditional nature management, introducing constraints on the scope of the search and size of the spoils. Starting from the 17th c., the search for and quarry of fossil bone are most closely connected with the history of the colonization and exploration of the Arctic regions of Eastern Siberia by Russian pioneers. In the context of the de-velopment of commodity-money relations on the sea islands, artels were formed from among the northern Yakuts and Russian Arctic old-settlers, supplying tusk to the merchants who traded in furs and mammoth tusks. The extraction of fossil mammoth bones reached its peak in the middle of the 19th c., when the “Russian, or Moscow ivory” was current on the world market as the fifth grade, with the total assortment of six grades. At the turn of the 19th–20th cc. the mam-moth ivory industry in Yakutia was experiencing a crisis; the demand for the products of mammoth ivory within the coun-try was decreasing, merchants could not find markets, and ivory harvesting in Africa increased. However, despite these factors, this occupation preserved in places until the 1930s. In the modern conditions of the development of the Arctic, inclusion of collection and extraction of mammoth tusks in the list of traditional economic activities will help to solve economic and legal problems in this region in the interests of the indigenous population.
Cultural and semiotic codes of Burkhanist wedding rites of the Altai-Kizhi
Authors: Tadina N.A.
Published: March 2023

The Altai-Kizhi, as the central group of the Altaians, the titular ethnic group in the Republic of Altai, are the guardians of Burkhanism. Burkhanism refers to a belief system that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century as a “reformed” version of shamanism. In Soviet times, forbidden Burkhanism preserved in the intra-ethnic ritual culture, and in the post-Soviet period it began to revive. The purpose of the article is to identify Burkhanist con-cepts in the cultural and semiotic wedding codes. The material for the study was author’s own field accounts of 2020–2022, collected by the method of participant observation and interviewing informants, as well as archival records of A.V. Anokhin, an antiquarian of the early 20th century. When analyzing the source base, a comparative method of research was used. The bride’s transition into a category of married women occurs through the rite of changing the maiden hairstyle for two braids with a parting, and introducing her to the groom's ancestral hearth by ‘treating’ the fire with oil. In the ritual actions of the participants, the Burkhanist attitude towards ‘the positive’ and the observance of the custom of ‘bay’ are encoded. For the first time, on the basis of the collected material, an anthropomorphic code of the ritual practice of the wedding has been identified, associated with the key idea of Burkhanism - the veneration of Altai-deity, the upper heavenly world that provides earthly life. The temporal code of the ritual actions corresponds to the Burkhanist rule — the period of the new moon and morning is a ‘favorable’ time for proposal and marriage. The spatial code of the wedding ceremonies accounts for the contraposition of ‘east-west’, ‘right-left’, and ‘male-female’. The actional code consists in performing the ritual ‘posolon’ actions and an even number of times according to the Burkhanist symbolism. The object code involves sacred attributes — a whip, a gun, a sheath for opening bride's curtain, juniper, and dairy products for ‘feeding’ the hearth fire. The color code of the wedding is in observance of light symbols — bride's curtain, milk, and sacrificial ribbons. The verbal code is realized in the ritual texts of good wishes and songs. The character code is contained in the composition and role of the sex and age groups: elders as experts in the ritual; maternal uncles-taay and nephews of the bride and groom, whose participation means social recognition and approval of the marriage. The analysis of the wed-ding ritual actions reveals the ‘stringing’ of one code upon another, which enhances the significance of the ritual. One and the same ritual meaning can be expressed by means of different codes and by several of them simulta-neously. Despite the fact that the ritual codes are universal, their manifestation and significance in the wedding rituals of the Altai-Kizhi are unique, which is in accordance with the ideas of Burkhanism and is explained by the historical and ethno-confessional factors of the adaptation of the Altaian tribal society.
Abzakovo hoard of the Bronze Age in the Bashkir Trans-Urals
Authors: Bersenev E.V.
Published: March 2023

The paper is concerned with the results of the study of a hoard of bronze sickles discovered in 1970 in Bai-maksky District of Bashkortostan. Originally, it comprised 13 items, but as of today three of them have got lost, and the collection numbers to only 10 sickles reposited in the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It stands out that the items are lacking clear traces of use. Over the past 50 years, materials of the complex have not received sufficient coverage in the scientific literature, despite the rarity of this category of finds for the South Urals region in general, and for the territory of Bashkortostan in particular. This paper constitutes the first publica-tion which combines and refines information about the hoard available in the scientific literature; it also provides a description of each item with updated and further detailed data on their parameters (length, width, thickness, bending height, etc.). In addition, the paper introduces in the scientific discourse photographic images of the bronze objects of the complex, which have been absent until now, instead of rather schematic drawings. Revisi-ting the materials of the hoard allowed it to observe that the data which was available in the literature had some inaccuracies, associated primarily with the parameters of the objects, the study of which helped clarify and extend the information on the description of the sickles remaining to date. The analysis of the material shows that the considered set of reaping tools has some analogies originating from the Bronze Age sites of the Trans-Urals, both from similar hoards and from settlements, cultural identity of which is determined quite clearly and is attributed by researchers to the Alakul antiquities. For this reason, the origins of the Abzakovo hoard are also associated with the representatives of traditions of the Alakul archaeological culture.
Membrane Operations in the Pulp and Paper Industry for the Recovery of Constituents: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Silva Benavidez Daniela , Demmelmayer Paul , Kienberger Marlene
Published: March 2023

The pulp and paper industry is one of the biggest industry sectors worldwide, whose market growth is expected to reach 370.12 billion USD by 2028. However, as a water-intensive process, the pulp and paper production generate huge volumes of contaminated effluents, some of which contain dissolved high-value chemical compounds, such as lignin, hemicellulose, or carboxylic acids. These compounds can be recovered using membrane operations. Thus, membrane operations represent a method to valorize effluents and byproducts from this industry sector and narrow the gap between biorefinery models and the pulp and paper production as an integrated biorefinery. The present review reviews the state-of-the-art-research and the state-of-the-art applications of membrane operations in the pulp and paper industry.