bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Eschericia coli
Authors: Indriani Onny , Fatiqin Awalul , Oktarina Tri
Published: November 2019

Latar belakang: Salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat adalah daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk.). Secara tradisional daun tumbuhan Karmunting digunakan sebagai obat cacing pada manusia, mengobati luka, kudis, mengurangi sakit kepala, mengobati sakit perut dan diare, menahan pendarahan dan juga digunakan untuk mencegah infeksi setelah melahirkan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek antibakteri fraksi  Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton)Hassk) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dengan metode difusi agar. Metode: Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen untuk mengetahui suatu gejala atau pengaruh yang timbul, sebagai akibat dari adanya perlakuan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2019 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2019. Dengan beberapa perlakuan dalam ekstraksi dilakukan metode maserasi yang diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 161,5 gram dengan hasil rendemen 8,075% dari 2kg serbuk simplisia, pada fraksinasi menggunakan metode cair-cair dengan pelarut N-heksan (non polar) dengan hasil hasil 0.5099 gram, etil asetat (semi polar) dengan hasil 5,2997 gram, etanol (polar) dengan hasil 12,3887gram, kemudian diujikan pada pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli dengan difusi agar lalu melakukan pengukuran zona bening dan di analisis dengan ANOVA pada nilai normality (p) >0,05. Hasil:  Ekstrak Daun karamunting dengan konsentrasi 40%-4,95mm, 60%-6,38mm, 80%-8,24mm, Fraksi etanol 60%-6,04mm, 80%-7,5mm, 100%-8,75mm dan fraksi etil 40%5-6mm, 60%-6,7mm, 80%- 7,48mm, tidak terbentuk zona hambat pada fraksi N-heksan dengan konsentrasi 16%, 32%, 64%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh ekstrak Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) terhadap pertumbuhan Bakteri Eschericia coli. konsentrasi yang terbaik adalah Ekstak 80% dan Fraksi Etanol 100% dikarenakan pada hasil uji dinyatakan tidak berbeda signifikan dinyatakan nilai (p) > 0,05. Kata kunci : Ekstrak, Fraksi, Daun Karamunting, Antibakteri, E.coli
FORMULASI BEDAK TABUR DARI EKSTRAK LENGKUAS MERAH (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum)
Authors: Alta Ulik , Pratiwi Galih , Sari Linda Yuli
Published: November 2019

Latar belakang: Kulit yang tidak terjaga kesehatannya dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit kulit yang dapat mengganggu penampilan dan aktifitas. Gatal- gatal merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan obat-obatan herbal adalah lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum). Rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurat K. Schum) memiliki berbagai khasiat di antaranya sebagai antijamur dan antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan stabilitas bedak tabur dari ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum). Metode: Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratorium. Penelitian ini meliputi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Karakterisasi dan analisa senyawa minyak atsiri dan flavonoid. Formulasi bedak dibuat dalam tiga formula yaitu formula 1 dengan 10 gram ekstrak lengkuas merah, formula 2 dengan 30 gram, dan formula 3 dengan 50 gram. Evaluasi uji sifat fisik dan stabilitas. Penelitian dilakukan selama ± 30 hari. Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu analisa ANOVA untuk data berdistribusi normal dan uji Kruskal Wallis untuk data berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil: Dari hasil analisis uji Kruskal Wallis didapat nilai p=1,50 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bedak tabur yang dibuat memiliki daya lekat yang tidak berbeda signifikan dari ketiga formula. hasil uji organoleptis sesuai literatur, uji stabilitas stabil dalam penyimpanannya, uji hedonik formula satu lebih disukai oleh responden. Kesimpulan: berdasarkan uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa bedak tabur dari ekstrak lengkuas merah memiliki sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik.Kata kunci      : Bedak tabur, minyak atsiri, lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum)
HUBUNGAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN SUMBER AIR BERSIH DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TYPHOID PADA ANAK
Authors: Suraya Citra , Atikasari Atikasari
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Demam tifoid atau tifus abdominalis banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan masyaakat kita, baik diperkotaan maupun pedesaan. Penyakit ini sangat erat kaitannya dengan kualitas yang mendalam dari Higiene pribadi dan sanitasi lingkungan seperti, higiene perorangan dan hiene penjamah makanan yang rendah. Proses makanan atau minuman terkontaminasi didukung oleh factor lain yakni manusia yang terlibat langsung dengan pengolahan bahan makanan serta perilaku kebersihan diri perorangan yang baik karena bakteri sering ditemukan pada tangan. Tujuan: Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan demam tyfoid pada anak. Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah pasien anak yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit, yang berjumlah 35 orang. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa data uji Chi-square.   Hasil:  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian demam tyfoid (ρ=0,008). Ada hubungan sumber air bersih dengan kejadian demam tyfoid di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Khadijah Palembang Tahun 2019 (ρ=0,018). Ada hubungan hygiene makanan dan minuman dengan kejadian demam tyfoid (ρ=0,010). Saran: Petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan perannya dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat mengenai demam tifoid, cara pencegahan penyakit, dan berkoordinasi dengan instansi terkait untuk melakukan kebersihan lingkungan yang masih kotor agar masyarakat tidak terjangkit demam tifoid. Kata kunci       : Personal Hygiene, Sumber Air Bersih, Demam Tyfoid
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Candida albicans
Authors: Delina Susanti , Arina Yudi , Indah Sari Novy Morlina
Published: November 2019

Latar belakang: Salah satu jamur yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi pada kulit manusia adalah jamur Candida albicans. Obat-obatan yang sering digunakan untuk terapi penyakit infeksi biasanya berupa obat terapi modern, tetapi obat terapi modern tersebut berisiko dengan timbulnya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan, bahkan tak jarang menimbulkan resistensi. Penggunaan daun afrika secara empiris banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dengan pengolahan yang sederhana yaitu dengan cara meminum air rebusan dari daun afrika. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorik dengan posttest only control grup design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2019. Penelitian meliputi tahap preparasi (determinasi tanaman, pengambilan sampel, pembuatan simplisia, uji mutu simplisia) Tahap ekstraksi, skrining fitokimia, fraksinasi kemudian tahap pengujian pada biakan jamur Candida albicans. Konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50%, konsentrasi fraksi yaitu 60%, 80% dan 100%. Dengan kontrol positif ketokonazol dan kontrol negative Na-CMC. Hasil: Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50% dan fraksi dengan konsentrasi 60%, 80% dan 100% memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat daun afrika memiliki daya antijamur terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Daya antijamur yang diberikan dilihat dari luasnya zona hambat yang diberikan. Perbedaan zona hambat antar konsentrasi ekstrak dan fraksi tidak terlalu berbeda.Kata kunci      : Ekstrak, Fraksi, Daun Afrika, Candida albicans
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANGDIINDUKSI KARAGENAN
Authors: Ramadhiani Aninditha Rachmah , Tari Mayang , Zalia Mulliati
Published: November 2019

Latar belakang: Inflamasi merupakan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh dalam melawan agen patogen yang masuk kedalam tubuh mendasari terjadinya berbagai penyakit. Peradangan disebabkan berbagai rangsangan dan obat untuk mengatasi peradangan, banyak digunakan obat golongan steroid dan non steroid, untuk penangulangan efek samping dari obat antiinflamasi tersebut dapat memanfaatkan tanaman berkhasiat seperti daun karamunting. Tujuan: tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk) terhadap tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi dengan karagenan. Metode: penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan postest control group design. Penelitian dilaksanankan dari bulan juni-agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok I (kontrol normal) tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok II (kontrol negatif) diberikan Na CMC, kelompok III (kontrol positif) diberikan suspensi natrium diklofenak, kelompok IV, V dan VI diberikan ekstrak etanol daun karamunting  dengan dosis berturut-turut 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, 800 mg/kgBB, secara oral. Sebelumnya kaki kiri tikus diinduksi karagenan 1% dengan volume pemberian 0,2 mL secara subplantar. Pengukuran volume radang kaki tikus dilakukan selama 3 jam dengan interval waktu yang digunakan 30 menit menggunakan metode plethismometer. Hasil: hasil analisis dilakukan uji Kruskal Wallis karena data tidak terdistribusi normal dan tidak homogen, dilanjutkan dengan uji Man Whitney. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) antara kelompok uji dengan kelompok control negative yang diberikan Na CMC.dan terdapat penurunan inflamasi yang terjadi pada kaki tikus yang diberikan ekstrak daun karamunting. Kesimpulan : Ekstrak daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) pada ekstrak dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB telah memberikan efek antiinflamasi terhadap tikus putih jantan galur wistar, dosis yang paling optimal adalah dosis 800 mg/kgBB. Kata Kunci : Antiinflamasi, Ekstrak daun karamunting, Karagenan.
Presentación de la tercera edición del libro: "Garantias Constitucionales del proceso" del Dr. José Ovalle Favela
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: November 2019

En nuestro país hay, varias formas de presentar un libro. Algunas resultan amenas y tediosas, mientras que otras, sólo tediosas, y alguna que otra, sólo amena. De todo corazón , deseo que este acto de presentación del libro "Garantías Constitucionales del Proceso", en su tercera edición, del reconocido Jurisconsulto Dr., José Ovalle Favela ‐quien esta tarde nos acompaña y con ello se engalana el ciclo escolar 2008‐2 que formalmente se inició esta semana en nuestro Departamento de Derecho‐ resulte una presentación amena, pero más allá de ello, desearía entusiastamente que cada uno de los asistentes a este acto se sume al gremio de los que además de amar el arte de escribir, admiramos la más importante de las artes que amerita el autor de un libro: el de ser lector.
Derecho Administrativo de José Roldán Xopa
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: November 2019

Hablar de equidad de género implica recordar que desde sus inicios la historia de la humanidad ha estado sellada profundamente por el patriarcado. Lo cual ha generado una estructura social y cultural asentada en el predominio permanente de una parte de la población sobre otra por razón de sexo. Esto a su vez ha generado que a las personas y su función en la sociedad se les encasille en razón de su género.Es decir, se ha efectuado la división del trabajo, de espacios y de determinadas expectativas sobre habilidades, capacidades, destrezas, sensibilidades entre otros aspectos, de acuerdo con el género al que se pertenece. Y en consecuencia, estos estereotipos tan arraigados resulta difícil anularlos de la percepción de las personas y de la realidad que nos rodea. Es decir, al día de hoy se ha arraigado imágenes distorsionadas de la mujer de manera tal que siguen marcando roles establecidos que priorizan su responsabilidad en el ámbito doméstico frente al profesional.
La garantía individual de libre portación de armas de fuego en el contexto del Marco Constitucional, legal y social de nuestro país
Authors: Pérez Rendón Miguel
Published: November 2019

En nuestro país como en todo el mundo, hay distintas formas de presentar un libro.Algunas combinan amenidad y tedio; mientras otras, son sólo amenas, o solo tediosas. La mía solo pretende ser una modesta introducción para lo que siempre resulta lo más importante en estos eventos, que es, la intervención del autor cuya obra se presenta. Gracias por asistir a la presentación del libro "D E R E C H O A D M I N I S T R A T I V O" cuya autoría es del reconocido Jurisconsulto Dr. José Roldán Xopa - a quien le expreso la más cordial de las bienvenidas.
Transversalidad de perspectiva de Género en la Universidad de Sonora: Normatividad y percepción de los alumnos sobre procesos de sensibilización e Institucionalización. Una propuesta de innovación educativa
Authors: Maya Rodríguez Jesús Miguel , Castillo Ochoa Emilia
Published: November 2019

Este artículo plantea la necesidad y obligación para las Instituciones de Educación Superior en México de realizar investigación en la línea de educación y género, en el sentido de la transversalidad de la perspectiva de género, ante una sociedad en la que cada vez pesa más un sentido de exclusión e indiferencia hacia las desigualdades con los grupos vulnerables. Se pretende exponer las bases de unainvestigación que se realizara en la Universidad de Sonora, en México, en el marco de estudios en el programa de Maestría en Innovación Educativa, la cual considera tener un alcance descriptivo, a través del análisis del problema desde las variables de normatividad, sensibilización, institucionalización y demográficas, que permita estar en posibilidad de elaborar una propuesta de innovacióneducativa, y en consecuencia formar profesionales no solo científicos, sino “más” humanos y comprometidos con la justicia que constituye el reclamo social.
Construcción de instrumentos y mecanismos jurídicos locales que garanticen transparencia y rendición de cuentas
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: November 2019

Sumario: Introducción. I. Justificación II. Parte conceptual III. Panorama estructural IV. Participación de actores sociales en los Sistemas de Control Gubernamental en Europa y Otros Países V. Estudios de Caso: Propuesta de Rediseño de institución por Nivel de Gobierno en México. VII. Conclusiones
Breve recorrido histórico de la Teoría de la Resistencia
Authors: García Martínez Álvaro
Published: November 2019

Sumario: I.Resistencia a La Autoridad A)Teoría de la Resistencia de Thomas Hobbes. B).-Legitimidad de la Resistencia C).- Resistencia Activa. D).-Resistencia Pasiva.Ii.La Revolución. A).- Concepto De Revolución .B).- Concepto De Rebelión. C).- La Revolución Constitucional Mexicana De 1913. D).- Aceptación Y Obediencia De Las Nuevas Autoridades Emanadas De Una Constitución, Producto De Una Revolución. Iii. Conclusión
El Estado de Derecho ante la violencia intrafamiliar en Hermosillo
Authors: González Rodríguez Mireya Esthela , López Uriarte Miguel Ángel , Maya Rodríguez Jesús Miguel
Published: November 2019

La violencia intrafamiliar, también conocida como doméstica, constituye una problemática social que hoy en día afecta cada vez más a los ciudadanos, y fue a partir del estudio llevado a cabo por INEGI64 en el año 2003, que las autoridades e instituciones no gubernamentales trabajaron aportando sus propuestas e iniciativas que dieron como resultado la Ley General de Acceso a una Vida Libre de Violencia, así como algunos estudios de diagnóstico e investigación como el que se realizó en el Programa de Coinversión Social 2010, dentro de laconvocatoria para “Prevenir y Reducir la Violencia en la Comunidad para el Fortalecimiento de la familia en Hermosillo, Sonora”, con el proyecto “Discordancia en Violencia Intrafamiliar en Hermosillo, Sonora”, que nos permitió realizar estudio mediante el cual se encontraron algunos datos importantes sobre el fenómeno en la comunidad que fueron detectados con el levantamiento de datos utilizando uninstrumento adaptado denominado ENDIREH65, siendo aplicado bajo el diseño probabilístico aleatorio simple estratificado y por conglomerados bajo el muestreo de los hogares de la Colonia El Sahuaro en el Municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, de los cuales se obtuvieron en algunos resultados incidencia de violencia intrafamiliar en un 44.2% de la población, de los cuales un 43.31% sufren violenciaemocional, e intimidación en un 12.80%.
Improvement of Hand Motor Function after Radial Shock Wave Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kamaluddin K M. , Setiawati Erna , Ajoe Kesoema Tanti
Published: November 2019

IIntroduction:
The Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) expected could improve spasticity and hand function in chronic stroke patients. This study aimed to find out the improvement of hand function after RSWT as an additional therapy in chronic stroke patients.
Methods:
Design study was a randomized controlled trial, in December 2018. The patients were assigned randomly to the experimental group (Infrared, Stretching, and RSWT) and control group (Infrared and Stretching) for six weeks. Hand motor function was measured using Fugl-Meyer Motor Assesment (FMA) before and after intervention.
Results:
The median values of wrist FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and after intervention were 2 vs 5 (p=0.001) and 3 vs 4 (p<0.001) respectively. The median values of hand FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and intervention were 4 vs 6 (p=0,.001) and 4 vs 5 (p<0.001). However, the delta between before and after intervention was higher in experimental group.
Conclusion: The improvement of wrist and hand FMA scores after added treatment by RSWT was tend to higher.Keywords: Spasticity, Hand Function, Stroke, Radial Shock Therapy, Fugl-Meyer Motor Assesment
Therapeutic Exercise in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Review Article
Authors: R Rahmatika , Handoyo Rudy , Ajoe K Tanti
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies against cell nucleus components with a broad spectrum of clinical patterns. The SLE will cause long-term complications so that SLE patients tend to have sedentary lifestyle and decrease physical activity which reduces exercise capacity. The aim of therapeutic exercise is to improve a variety of clinical symptoms in SLE patients by alleviate the inflammatory process andmodifying the disease’s natural course.
Methods:
All of references have searched in 2018 within the areas of rheumatology, immunology,cardiology, physical education and physiotherapy.
Results:
Therapeutic exercise in SLE has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α. Therapeutic exercise in the form of aerobic and resistance exercise able to improve aerobic capacity, reduced fatigue, increasing chronotropic reserve, heart rate recovery, functional performance, functional capacity, muscle strength and increase bone turn over.Therapeutic exercise was not aggravated disease activity as measured by SLE Activity Index (SLEDAI) and SLE Activity Measure (SLAM) index.
Conclusion: Supervised aerobic and resistance exercise seems to help improve health, vitality and self perceived physical capacity in SLE patients.
Cognitive and Balance Performance among Elderly in Nursing Home
Authors: Albertina Mathilda , Bernard Purba Herdiman , Annisa Nuhonni Siti
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Cognitive disorders have associated with incidence of fall. Cognitive problem is more frequent in elderly living in nursing homes compared to those who live in community. The aim of this study is to determine correlation between balance performance and cognitive status among elderly in nursing home.
Methods:
This study was conducted in a nursing home in Jakarta. Balance performance was evaluated using Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), while cognitive status was examined using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Results:
There were 35 participants, consisted of male 10(28.6%) and female 25(71.4%) with median aged 69 years old, included in this study. Median MMSE result was 21 (6-30). The median result of TUG was 14.13 (9.66-88.50) seconds. The median BBS result was 50 (18-56). MMSE have negative strong correlation with TUG (r = -0.693; p = 0.000) and positive strong correlation with BBS (r = 0.640; p=0.000).
Conclusion: Cognitive function has strong correlation with balance performance among elderly in nursing home. Therefore, cognitive aspect should be included in fall prevention program.
Active Cycle Breathing Exercise on Post Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Gustian Halim Ricky , Chandra Widjanantie Siti , C Anggoro Selly
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a major global health issue in Indonesia. Bronchiectasis frequently occurs in healing process, followed by excessive phlegm and low physical activity.
Methods:
A case presentation of 49 years old female diagnosed as bronchiectasis post tuberculosis, difficulty to clear the phlegm, and inactive. Patient has undergone pulmonary rehabilitation by active cycle breathing exercise, 5 days a week, 30 minute/session, for 2 weeks.
Results:
There was no dyspnea, patient easily remove phlegm, and can be more active, after cycle breathing exercise program.
Conclusion:
Active cycle breathing exercise effective to relieve dyspnea, improving patient ability to clearance the phlegm, and increase physical activity.
Iatrogenic Ureterovaginal Fistulae: Difficulties in Diagnosis and Treatment in Our Case series
Authors: Palmer, DO Cristina , Farhan, MD Bilal , Ghoniem, MD FACS Gamal
Published: November 2019

Ureteral injury is a known complication of pelvic surgeries, including gynecological, urologic, colorectal, and vascular surgeries. This can occur by transvaginal, laparoscopic, or transabdominal approach [1,2]. Gynecological surgery remains by far the most common means of injury (75%), followed by colorectal surgeries (14%) [3-5], with reports of ureteral injury during gynecologic surgery from 0.35% to 1.5% [4,6]. Total abdominal and laparoscopic hysterectomies are the most common procedures where ureteral injury occurs [1,5]. Injury occurs most often at the level where the ureter courses under the uterine vessels, followed by the ureterovesical junction and the base of the infundibulopelvic ligament [4,7,8]. Many ureteral injuries occur during uncomplicated, routine surgery [8,9].

An abnormal connection between the ureter and vagina, or ureterovaginal fistula, allows for a conduit through which urine can continually leak. This is specific to the combination of ureteral injury and hysterectomy where the urine finds its way to the freshly closed vaginal cuff. Genitourinary fistula formation remains one of the most feared complications of pelvic surgery, with lasting emotional damage, risk for infections, infertility, reoperation, and increased hospital stay [5,10]. Our objective is to present the difficulties encountered in management of our cases and how to rectify them.
Axitinib radiotherapy combination in rcc cancer
Authors: Benderli Cihan Yasemin
Published: November 2019

In conclusion, metastatic RCC has been a prototype of targeted cancer therapies as a result of advances in molecular medicine. Axitinib and RT combination approaches, one of the targeted therapies, have been shown to increase radiosensitivity in preclinical studies. The evaluation of the treatment regimens and the results of the Axitinib and RT combination therapy for metastatic RCC cases with phase 2 and 3 studies will be important for the patient.
Physiological and Developmental Response of Selected Upland Rice Genotypes to Water and Nutrient Stress Condition
Authors: Magwanga Richard Odongo , Kirungu Joy Nyangasi
Published: November 2019

Drought is a major challenge for all agricultural crops, but for rice, it is even more serious, because of its semi aquatic phylogenetic origins and the diversity of rice ecosystems and growing conditions. The most important source of climate-related risks for rice production in rain-fed areas is drought.Crop physiology has made a significant contribution to understanding the mechanisms underlying crop growth and development, and bridging the “phenotype gap” generated by the recent progress in genomics. The study aimed to determine growth and physiological response of IRAT 109 and Lemont to water deficit and fertilizer application. Plants were subjected to water nutrient stress treatment in the field. Water and fertilizer treatment were initiated at 42 days after sowing (das). Fertilizer treatment was applied at 60 Kgha-1N and 60 Kgha-1N+45 Kgha-1P. Morphological and physiological measurements were done at 21, 42, 63 and 84th das. Root sampling done during the periods, at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 Cm. The soil moisture content had a significant effect and decreased with increasing water deficit. The plant height, plant biomass both shoots and root reduced with decreasing water content and nutrient load in the soil. Lemont was significantly affected and registered lower values for various growth indices compared to IRAT 109. The was significant reduction in yields between the two rice cultivars under drought stress condition, though IRAT 109 exhibited relatively higher yield index under drought stress condition, the improved performance could be attributed to its ability to escape drought stress due to its early maturing ability. Fertilizer application has a significant effect on yield and yield component in rice, thus the proper fertilizer application is a key in achieving good yield in rice production. The finding of this research will help farmers in adopting high precision fertilizer application to ensure a good yield. In addition, rice breeders can utilize IRAT109 in developing more resilient and highly adaptive rice cultivars.
Variation of reducing and total sugars starch, total phenolic contents in unripe and ripe jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and West Indian locust (Hymenaea courbaril) fruits
Authors: Benkeblia Noureddine
Published: November 2019

The change in starch, total phenolic contents (TPC) and reducing (RS) and total reducing sugars (TRS) contents were investigated in two starch-containing fruits, namely jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and West Indian locust (Hymenaea courbaril) at unripe and ripe stages. Results showed that starch content increased in jackfruit but decreased in West Indian locust from unripe to ripe stage. In jackfruit, both RS and TRS increased while in West Indian locust RS decreased but TRS did not vary significantly. On the other hand, results showed that TPC increased significantly in ripe jackfruit, while West Indian locust TPC decreased in ripe fruit. Conclusively, results demonstrated that these two fruits seem having different ripening biochemistry.
Insecticidal Effects of Some Plant Leaf Extracts in the Control of Insect Field Pests of Amaranthus hybridus L
Authors: Iwuagwu Mary O , Ogbonna Nneka C , Okechukwu Uchenna H
Published: November 2019

A field trail was conducted at the Botanical garden of department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria to assess the insecticidal effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratisimum and Vernonia amygdalina on insect field pests of Amaranthus hybridus. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replicates. Aqueous leaf extracts of the powdered samples of these plants were uniformly sprayed on the experimental material at 30 g/l twice weekly from 10 to 38 days after sowing. A. hybridus plants sprayed with aqueous leaf extracts of the different plants had lower percentage leaf and leaf area damage compared to the control. Percentage leaf damage followed this order: A. indica < V. amygdalina < O. gratisimum < control, with percentages leaf damage of 25-27%, 34-46%, 32-49% and 47-73%, respectively. Percent leaf area damage were 18.6%, 31%, 45.8% and 61.2% for A. indica, O. gratisimum, V. amygdalina and control, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height, root length and dry matter production were obtained in plants sprayed with aqueous leaf extract of A. indica in contrast to the other treatments, which had comparable values with the control. The results indicate that A. indica if properly harnessed can be used as a biopesticide in the control of insect field pest of A. indica .
Effect of the Soil Amendments on the Mechanical Harvest of Potato Crop Grown under Centre Pivot Irrigation System
Authors: Naser Dr. Ibrahim , Olbinado Emiliano , Kasimie Fahad , Baker James
Published: November 2019

A field trial was conducted at TADCO to evaluate the mechanical harvest of autumn potato crop under different soil amendments: sand, gypsum, cow manure, and granular sulfur. The application of the sand amendment to the soil of the pivot showed easier mechanical and semi-mechanical harvest. The potato yield under the mechanical harvest was less than semi-mechanical harvest by 15.48% at the different soil amendments. More bruises were observed on the potato tubers harvested by mechanical harvest which ranged 9.34-16.33%, while bruises at semi-mechanical harvest ranged 4.28-4.75%. The final yield of stored potato was less than harvested yield by 10.68, 7.78%, 14.85, 11.08 for the sand, gypsum, cow manure, and sulfur amendments respectively. The stored yield of the different treatments was significantly less than the yield of the test harvest by around 24.03-32.24% at J34 and by 29.64 -56.27% at F18 and this was due to harvest method, cleaning out the damaged potato and moisture loss. The results of this trial highlighted the importance of selecting pivots for growing potato to be with less clay and more sand; also, it highlighted the importance of leaving the wheat straw to decompose in the soil instead of burning to improve the soil structure to be suitable for mechanical harvest. The sand amendment was not suitable for TADCO crop production as it is difficult to apply, need more time to execute besides less productivity. Due to one-month delay in planting potato, the average yield of stored potato from the trial pivots reached 20.2 M.T. /Ha which is significantly less than the yield of stored potato from the other pivots at TADCO of the same season with a range of 27-43 M.T. /Ha.
Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcome in women with excessive pre-pregnancy body mass index
Authors: Smyka Magdalena , Kaczynska Katarzyna Kosinska- , Warzecha Damian , Wielgos Miroslaw
Published: November 2019

Aim: To evaluate the effects of gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes in woman with excessive pre-gravid body mass index.

Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 197 overweight or obese women who delivered full-term newborns at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw. Group A included 89 (45.2%) women with inadequate or adequate weight gain. Group B included 108 patients (54.8%) with excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Results: No significant differences in the occurrence of gestational diabetes, hypertension or intrahepatic cholestasis between the analyzed groups were observed. Excessive weight gain was positively correlated with the incidence of cesarean delivery (67.6% vs 32.4%, p=0.009), newborns’ birthweight (3627g±519 vs 3406g±521, p=0.009) and the risk of low for gestational age infants (26.9% vs 12.4%, p=0.01). The highest risk of low for gestational age new born was related to gestational weight gain of about 15 kg. Appropriate preconception counselling for overweight and obese women may reduce the risk of low for gestational age infants.
Niche After Cesarean Section
Authors: EL-Gharib Mohamed Nabih
Published: November 2019

A uterine niche, also calld cesarean scar defect, or cesarean scar dehiscence, uterine diverticulum, uterine sacculation or isthmocele. It is a man made pouchlike defect of the anterior uterine isthmus occurs at the site of a prior cesarean section. Its occurrence has been increased in the last years secondary to the increased incidence of cesarean section. Many patients with isthmocele are asymptomatic. The most frequent complaint relates to intermittent postmenstrual bleeding as the isthmocele functions as a reservoir collecting blood during menstruation, with irregular menses that can run for 2 to 12 days. Various sources have described isthmocele as a case of infertility, pain and dysmenorrhea. An isthmocele is typically diagnosed on transvaginal sonography, hysterosalpinography and hysteroscopy. Magnetic resonance tomography is useful to measure the thickness of the lower uterine segment, the profundity of the isthmocele. The treatment of isthmocele includes laparotomy, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, vaginal repair, and several combined techniques with no statistically superior outcome noted in the literature. In that respect is no gold standard treatment for isthmocele.
MRI validation of Post-Prostatectomy Radiotherapy Contouring
Authors: Manji Mo , Crook Juanita , Bartha Leigh , ajapakshe Rasika R
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Level One Evidence has established the indications for, and importance of, adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy. Several guidelines have addressed delineation of the prostate bed but with variable specification of the inferior border relative to the penile bulb or to the first CT slice distal to visible urine in the bladder neck. This work determines the correlation between the caudal aspect of the anastomosis shown by the tip of the urethrogram cone and MRI anatomy.

Materials and Methods :

Sixteen patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy following prostatectomy underwent diagnostic MRI in addition to planning CT with Urethrogram. The CT Reference Slice, tip of urethrogram cone and superior aspect of penile bulb were delineated.

Results:

MRI clearly demonstrates the penile bulb but not the anastomosis. In these 16 patients, the tip of the urethrogram cone was a median 3.9 mm cranial to the penile bulb (range 0-10.3 mm).

Conclusion: We show marked variability in the distance between penile bulb and the tip of the urethrogram cone. In all sixteen patients, placing the inferior border of the CTV 15mm cranial to the penile bulb would have failed to treat the caudal aspect of the anastomosis, a frequent site of local relapse, that cannot be reliably landmarked by any other anatomic structure. Individualizing the treatment volume to patient anatomy is the only way to ensure consistent coverage without treating a larger than necessary volume in many patients. We recommend the use of planning urethrogram to minimize the potential for geographic miss.
Foreign Bodies in the Female Reproductive Tract
Authors: M Czerniak Suzanne , Hao Jason , Israel Gary
Published: November 2019

Purpose:Most imaged foreign bodies of the female reproductive tract are intentionally placed, either by a medical professional or the patient herself. In many cases, these are reported as incidental findings, but occasionally studies are ordered specifically to locate wayward devices or assess for complications related to them. This requires radiologists to be able to correctly identify a wide range of foreign bodies, recognize their expected location, and assess for any associated complications. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with a variety of foreign bodies and their usual positions in the female reproductive tract as well as their associated complications, if any.

Methods: A search was performed of our institutional database, Montage, to find examples of frequently encountered foreign bodies of the external genitalia, vagina, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in their expected positions. Further searches were made to illustrate common complications related to each.

Results: Imaging of foreign bodies including external genital piercings, tampons, menstrual cups, pessaries, contraceptive rings, brachytherapy applicators, intra uterine contraceptive devices, and internal and external tubal closure devices were compiled across multiple modalities including x-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Complications including migration, perforation, and infection were reviewed.

Conclusion: Foreign bodies of the female reproductive tract are ubiquitous and should be readily recognized by radiologists. Comprehensive evaluation includes assessment for correct location and device-related complications.
Red Ear Syndrome preceding Multiple Sclerosis: A Novel Correlation
Authors: Mathew Thoams , Marol Rohit , T Manjusha , Baptist Anita Angela , J Parry Gareth
Published: November 2019

Red Ear Syndrome (RES) is a rare condition, first described in 1994 by Lance. It is characterized by burning pain, warmth, and erythema of the auricle. Here, we report the case of a young woman who manifested symptoms of red ear syndrome 3 years prior to those of multiple sclerosis (MS). She also had a history of episodic infrequent migraine and anxiety disorder. Association of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with Red Ear Syndrome is hitherto unreported. We propose the involvement of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), or a dysfunction thereof, as the underlying pathophysiological mechanism to explain the concurrence of MS and RES, along with other presenting co-morbidities.
Application of In Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy in Corrosion Studies: A Critical Review of Challenges and Achievements
Authors: Kosari Ali , Zandbergen Henny , Tichelaar Frans , Visser Peter , Terryn Herman , Mol Arjan
Published: November 2019

Identifying corrosion initiation events in metals and alloys demands techniques that can provide temporal and spatial resolution simultaneously. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables one to obtain microstructural and chemical descriptors of materials at atomic/nanoscopic level and has been used in corrosion studies of many metal-electrolyte combinations. Conventionally, ex situ and quasi in situ TEM studies of pre- and post-corroded samples were performed, but possible experimental artifacts such as dehydrated surfaces might not fully represent the real interfacial conditions as compared to those when actually immersed in the electrolyte. Recent advances in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) allows for in situ monitoring morphological and even compositional evolutions in materials resulting from interaction with gas or liquid environments. Corrosion science, as a challenging field of research, can benefit from this unparalleled opportunity to investigate many complicated corroding systems in aqueous environments at high resolution. However, “real life” corrosion with LC-TEM is still not straightforward in implementation and there are limitations and challenging experimental considerations for conducting reliable examinations. Thus, this study has been devoted to discussing the challenges of in situ LC-TEM wherein state-of-the-art achievements in the field of relevance are reviewed.
Muslim Students Learning L2 and FL in Minority Primary Schools in Thrace: Relational Instances of Tri/Bilingualism
Authors: Dimasi Maria , Theologou Stella
Published: November 2019

The Muslim minority in Thrace is a heterogeneous group of people regarding their cultural and linguistic identities. It consists of Muslims of Turkish origin who speak Turkish as their mother tongue, of Pomaks, who speak Pomak, and of Roma, who speak Romani. Their educational-linguistic situation is fraught with long-lasting problems, which are attributed to the inherent characteristics of ‘Minority Εducation’, a term used to describe a specific group of primary and secondary schools, situated exclusively in the area of Thrace, that operates under a special regime, as stipulated in legal instruments of international law and bilateral agreements, and can be attended only by Muslim minority children.

Extensive research over the years has shown that there are serious impediments in these students learning Greek as an L2, even after the implementation of the Project for Reform in the Education of Muslim Children (PEM) and the additional educational material that targeted this particular religious minority. The results show that most of these students do not achieve a language level of A2 in Greek and, thus, exhibit low school performance. Similar results have been recorded in research papers concerning learning English as a FL, which is a compulsory school subject, by Muslim minority students in both public and minority primary schools. These students also fail to achieve the foreign language attainment level set in the school curriculum.

The present paper seeks to outline the unchartered causes of this situation, delve into the language situation of Muslim students and suggest possible and viable solutions.
Non-communicable disease clinics in rural Ethiopia: why patients are lost to follow-up
Authors: Mamo Y. , Dukessa T. , Mortimore A. , Dee D. , Luintel A. , Fordham I. , Phillips D. I. W. , Parry E. H. O. , Levene D.
Published: November 2019

Background: Providing medical care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural sub-Saharan Africa has proved to be difficult because of poor treatment adherence and frequent loss to follow-up (LTFU). The reasons for this are poorly understood.Objective: To investigate
LTFU among patients with two different but common NCDs who attended rural Ethiopian health centres.Method: The study was based in five health centres in southern Ethiopia with established NCD clinics run by nurses and health officers. Patients with epilepsy or hypertension who were
lost to follow-up and non-LTFU comparison patients were identified and traced; a questionnaire was administered enquiring about the reasons for LTFU.Results: Of the 147 LTFU patients successfully located, 62 had died, moved away or were attending other medical facilities. The remaining
85 patients were compared with 211 non-LFTU patients. The major factors associated with LTFU were distance from the clinic, associated costs and a preference for traditional treatments, together with a misunderstanding of the nature of NCD management.Conclusions: The delivery of
affordable care closer to the patients' homes has the greatest potential to address the problem of LTFU. Also needed are increased levels of patient education and interaction with traditional healers to explain the nature of NCDs and the need for life-long management.
Private primary health care provider delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Georgia
Authors: Djibuti M. , Kasrashvili T. , Zurashvili T.
Published: November 2019

Setting: One national and two regional tuberculosis (TB) hospitals in Georgia.Objectives: To define the factors associated with private primary health care (PPHC) provider delay in TB diagnosis and treatment.Design: This was a cross-sectional study of data
collected from consecutive patients with pulmonary TB from July 2015 to August 2016, complemented by qualitative data collected among PPHC providers/managers, TB patients and policy makers.Results: PPHC provider delay (>2 weeks from the first medical consultation for TB symptoms
to the initiation of TB treatment) occurred in 43.8% of 320 TB patients. Modifiable factors significantly associated with PPHC provider delay included receiving any non-specific treatment before diagnosis of TB (adjusted OR [aOR] 9.45, 95%CI 5.10–17.51), adequate knowledge of TB (aOR
0.35, 95%CI 0.12–0.99) and lower TB-related stigma (aOR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28–0.81). Inappropriate referral of presumptive TB patients to general health facilities for chest X-ray examination, often followed by misinterpretation of X-ray results in these facilities, might mislead PPHC
providers to initiate presumptive TB patients on non-specific treatment.Conclusion: PPHC provider delay in TB diagnosis and treatment is common in Georgia, highlighting a need for targeted interventions to improve identification and referral of presumptive TB patients to specialised
TB services and Xpert testing.
Identifying exceptional malaria occurrences in the absence of historical data in South Sudan: a method validation
Authors: Benedetti G. , White R. A. , Pasquale H. Akello , Stassijns J. , van den Boogaard W. , Owiti P. , Van den Bergh R.
Published: November 2019

Background: Detecting unusual malaria events that may require an operational intervention is challenging, especially in endemic contexts with continuous transmission such as South Sudan. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) utilises the classic average plus standard deviation
(AV+SD) method for malaria surveillance. This and other available approaches, however, rely on antecedent data, which are often missing.Objective: To investigate whether a method using linear regression (LR) over only 8 weeks of retrospective data could be an alternative to AV+SD.Design:
In the absence of complete historical malaria data from South Sudan, data from weekly influenza reports from 19 Norwegian counties (2006–2015) were used as a testing data set to compare the performance of the LR and the AV+SD methods. The moving epidemic method was used as the gold standard.
Subsequently, the LR method was applied in a case study on malaria occurrence in MSF facilities in South Sudan (2010–2016) to identify malaria events that required a MSF response.Results: For the Norwegian influenza data, LR and AV+SD methods did not perform differently (P
> 0.05). For the South Sudanese malaria data, the LR method identified historical periods when an operational response was mounted.Conclusion: The LR method seems a plausible alternative to the AV+SD method in situations where retrospective data are missing.
Targeted active screening for tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: are field digital chest X-ray ratings reliable?
Authors: Timire C. , Sandy C. , Ngwenya M. , Woznitza N. , Kumar A. M. V. , Takarinda K. C , Sengai T. , Harries A. D.
Published: November 2019

Setting: Fifteen purposively selected districts in Zimbabwe in which targeted active screening for tuberculosis (Tas4TB) was conducted among TB high-risk groups (HRGs). There were 230 patients started on TB treatment on the basis of chest X-ray (CXR) results without corresponding
bacteriological confirmation.Objectives: To determine 1) the percentage of agreements in digital CXR ratings by medical officers against final ratings by radiologist(s), 2) inter-rater agreement in CXR ratings between medical officers and radiologists, and 3) number (and proportion)
of patients belonging to HRGs who were over-treated during Tas4TB.Design: This was a cross-sectional study using programme data.Results: A total of 168 patients had their CXRs rated by two independent radiologists. Discordances among the radiologists were resolved by
a third index radiologist, who provided the final rating. κ scores were 0.01 (field ratings vs. Radiologist A); 0.02 (field ratings vs. Radiologist B); 0.74 (Radiologists A vs. B). The percentage agreement for field and final radiologist rating was 70% (95%CI 64–78). Around 29%
(95%CI 23–36) of the patients were potentially over-treated during Tas4TB.Conclusion: Over a quarter of patients with presumptive TB are potentially over-treated during Tas4TB. Over-treatment is highest among those with previous contact with TB patients. Trainings of radiographers
and medical officers may improve CXR ratings.