bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building competitive advantage in the context of electronic communication with the use of social media
Authors: Tarabasz Anna
Published: August 2015

In today’s turbulent environment it is difficult to imagine a modern company knowingly waives the benefits of electronic communication. Simultaneously there is a multitude of companies that misuse these tools, that makes their actions usually having exactly opposite results of intended. Due to advantages of the Internet as a communication channel and effective advertising medium, more and more companies decide to invest into it. In Poland in 2013, with nearly 7 billion of PLN spent on advertising, more than 21% was invested in online promotion. Furthermore, Internet as an advertising channel of communication is the only one noting regular annual increase in spending on advertising campaigns in comparison to other media.

This article is an attempt to show the merits of building companys’ competitive advantage with the use of Internet and particular regard to social media. It presents both own model on-line communication and the results of research among 11 largest retail banks in Poland and opinions of their 1800 customers.
Multicultural issues in the development of Islamic banking
Authors: Masiukiewicz Piotr
Published: August 2015

Islamic banking is highly specific and is based on the Sharia law. This banking offers new products. which comply with the prohibitions of riba, maysir, gharar. Dynamic development of this banking in the word is the consequence of its opening to culturally diverse clients, and not only Muslims. Numerous researches demonstrate that many not-Muslim clients use the financial products which are offered in Islamic banks and in the “Islamic windows” in conventional banks. The Islamic banking offer is increasingly more often dedicated to the clients beyond the Muslim community, and at the same time the products dedicated to this community are offered by traditional banks. In this way the Islamic banking offer diffuses to other cultures.
Competitiveness factors of the candy industry in San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Bednarek Mariusz , Guzmán Juan Carlos Neri
Published: August 2015

This paper is an attempt to analyze some of methodologies and models used to identify the most important factors to promote competitiveness on different levels: international, national, regional, industrial, and under a systemic and cluster approach. The purpose is to support the design of an appropriate model to analyze competitive performance of a local industry in Mexico, specifically the candy industry. The results are useful to understand the areas of opportunity present in the candy industry and allow proposing strategic actions to promote competitiveness. The goal of this article is to propose a strategic agenda to strengthen the competitiveness factor that makes the cluster approach distinctive among others, namely the role of actors and linking businesses.

This paper presents partial results of research of a doctoral thesis analyzing the case of the candy industry from the point of view of industrial clusters. The research is relevant considering that it presents a methodology for measuring the degree of functionality of a productive activity considered as “outstanding” in a local economy under international operation standards, which is not common in studies of developing countries.
Congenital hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung’s disease – Haddad syndrome: A neonatal case presentation
Authors: Jaiyeola P. , El-Metwally D. , Viscardi R. , Greene C. , Woo H.
Published: August 2015

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is an uncommon cause of apnea in the newborn characterized by the occurrence of apnea predominantly during sleep. Haddad syndrome is CCHS with Hirschsprung’s disease. We report a newborn with Haddad syndrome that had a family history of spinal muscular atrophy and discuss aspects of CCHS and important considerations in the evaluation of apnea in the term newborn.
Hypertriglyceridemia in extremely low birth weight infants receiving lipid emulsions
Authors: Holtrop P. , Swails T. , Riggs T.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of high TG levels in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and what the risk factors are for high TG levels.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective observational study of triglyceride concentrations in extremely low birth weight infants receiving lipid infusions. Lipid infusions were begun at 0.5 grams/kg/day at age one day and the dose advanced by 0.5 grams/kg/day. Triglyceride concentrations were drawn when the dose reached 1 and 2 grams/kg/day. We compared infants with normal triglyceride levels (≤200 mg/dl) with those with elevated triglyceride levels (>200 mg/dl) with univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS: There were 75 infants included in the analysis. Twenty (26.7% , 95% CI = 16.6–36.7%) had triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl. On multiple logistic regression analysis, lower birth weight was associated with the risk of an elevated triglyceride level. Triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl did not predict future mortality or morbidity.

CONCLUSION: Elevated TG levels occur commonly in ELBW infants and are associated with a lower birth weight.
Neonatal outcomes of macrosomic infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers
Authors: Cordero L. , Paetow P. , Landon M.B. , Nankervis C.A.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: To compare neonatal outcomes (including breastfeeding (BF) initiation) of 170 macrosomic IDM with that of 739 macrosomic nIDM.

DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective cohort investigation of all macrosomic infants born consecutively over a four-year period (2008–2011). Macrosomic (birth weight ≥4000 g) IDM included 100 infants whose mothers had gestational diabetes and 70 whose mothers had pregestational diabetes.

RESULTS: IDM were more likely to be delivered by cesarean to obese women while nIDM were more likely to be delivered vaginally to younger women with a higher level of education. Ethnic distribution (60% white, 20% black, 10% Hispanic and 10% Asian or African) was similar in each group. Forty-nine percent of IDM and 7% of nIDM required NICU admission. Respiratory disorders (mainly TTNB) affected 21% of IDM and 3% of nIDM while hypoglycemia was observed in 36% of IDM and 15% of nIDM. Of the 35 IDM delivered vaginally, 10 were complicated by shoulder dystocia without injury. Conversely, 70 of the 458 nIDM delivered vaginally experienced shoulder dystocia that resulted in 6 limb fractures and 3 brachial plexus injuries. On arrival to labor and delivery, 75% of all women intended to BF; however, at the time of discharge, 65% of women with diabetes and 92% of those without diabetes who intended to BF had initiated BF.

CONCLUSIONS: Both macrosomic IDM and macrosomic nIDM are at risk for significant morbidities. Macrosomic IDM carry a higher risk for NICU admissions, leading to maternal-infant separation, and lower BF initiation rates.
Climate reconstruction analysis using coexistence likelihood estimation (CRACLE): A method for the estimation of climate using vegetation
Authors: Harbert Robert S. , Nixon Kevin C.
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Plant distributions have long been understood to be correlated with the environmental conditions to which species are adapted. Climate is one of the major components driving species distributions. Therefore, it is expected that the plants coexisting in a community are reflective of the local environment, particularly climate.

• Methods: Presented here is a method for the estimation of climate from local plant species coexistence data. The method, Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation (CRACLE), is a likelihood‐based method that employs specimen collection data at a global scale for the inference of species climate tolerance. CRACLE calculates the maximum joint likelihood of coexistence given individual species climate tolerance characterization to estimate the expected climate.

• Key results: Plant distribution data for more than 4000 species were used to show that this method accurately infers expected climate profiles for 165 sites with diverse climatic conditions. Estimates differ from the WorldClim global climate model by less than 1.5°C on average for mean annual temperature and less than ∼250 mm for mean annual precipitation. This is a significant improvement upon other plant‐based climate‐proxy methods.

• Conclusions: CRACLE validates long hypothesized interactions between climate and local associations of plant species. Furthermore, CRACLE successfully estimates climate that is consistent with the widely used WorldClim model and therefore may be applied to the quantitative estimation of paleoclimate in future studies.
Transforming Education for Electronic Health Record Implementation
Authors: Nicklaus Jennifer , Kusser Janet , Zessin Julie , Amaya Michael
Published: August 2015

Outcomes are an integral part of health care. Over the years, the educational team at the authors’ hospital has sought effective, realistic options for electronic health record (EHR) training that ensures standardized documentation of patient data by nursing personnel. Thus, providers will have easily available access and clinicians will experience confidence in the proficiency of their skills to use the EHR. This article describes the transformation from an instructor-led classroom training plan into a focused clinician workflow training pathway using Benner’s novice-to-expert model and Lowe’s five Key Principles for Successful EHR Training. Multiple teaching strategies have been incorporated into the education plan, including a computer skills assessment test, an EHR proficiency tool, web-based training modules, clinical (or specialty) scenarios, followed by practice in learning laboratories. The educational plan has produced individualized EHR learning, confident nursing performance, and overall unit management satisfaction.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(8):359–363.
International Perspectives in Leadership Development: Part I
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: August 2015

In this first part of a two-part series, leadership development perspectives are shared from interviews and experiences gained while visiting Taiwan and China. Each country has a distinctive culture and needs, yet both are rapidly rising to strengthen the leadership capacity of nurses and are increasingly a source of advances in global leadership and organizational science.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(8):343–345.
Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in a Long-Term Care Facility: Short-Term Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Kiongera George M. , Houde Susan Crocker
Published: August 2015

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate short-term outcomes of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (IPR) programs for older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). IPR comprises medical management, exercise, nutrition counseling, and coping skills education programs, among other interventions. The current study used a pretest–posttest design with 21 participants evenly split by gender between the ages of 46 and 95. Effects of IPR on functional tolerance exercise capacity and perceived dyspnea on exertion level had a statistically significant difference by the end of the program. Scores for health-related quality of life and subscales of symptoms, impact, and activity in participants younger than 65 were not statistically significant, whereas St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores for participants older than 65 showed a statistically significant improvement. Results showed that early IPR is an effective intervention for the management of symptoms of COPD in older adults recovering from a COPD exacerbation. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(8), 44–52.]
The Language of Delirium: Keywords for Identifying Delirium from Medical Records
Authors: Puelle Margaret R. , Kosar Cyrus M. , Xu Guoquan , Schmitt Eva , Jones Richard N. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Cooper Zara , Inouye Sharon K. , Saczynski Jane S.
Published: August 2015

Electronic medical records (EMRs) offer the opportunity to streamline the search for patients with possible delirium. The purpose of the current study was to identify words and phrases commonly noted in charts of patients with delirium. The current study included 67 patients (nested within a cohort study of 300 patients) ages 70 and older undergoing major elective surgery with evidence of confusion in their medical charts. Eight keywords or phrases had positive predictive values of 60% to 100% for delirium. Keywords were charted more often in nursing notes than physician notes. A brief list of keywords may serve as a building block for a methodology to screen for possible delirium from charts, with particular attention to nursing notes, for research and real-time clinical decision making. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(8), 34–42.]
Implantable Collamer Lens for Myopia: Assessment 12 Years After Implantation
Authors: Moya Tomás , Javaloy Jaime , Montés-Micó Robert , Beltrán Jaime , Muñoz Gonzalo , Montalbán Raúl
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the long-term refractive and visual stability and the risks related to the implantation of Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) for myopia.

METHODS:

This retrospective, consecutive, cumulative clinical study was performed in a group of 144 eyes implanted with ICL PIOL for myopia. Only the cases with clinical data available 12 years after the implantation were included in the series. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent, refractive astigmatism, endothelial cell density, ICL vaulting, and postoperative complications were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Mean spherical equivalent refraction was −16.90 ± 4.26 diopters (D) preoperatively and −1.77 ± 1.93 D 12 years postoperatively. Mean CDVA at the first and last visit were 0.31 ± 0.19 logMAR and 0.22 ± 0.22 logMAR, respectively (Mann–Whitney
U
test,
P
< .001). Twelve years postoperatively, 8.9% of eyes had lost more than two lines of CDVA. The incidence of clinically relevant cataracts (13.88%) was significantly linked to the use of the V3 model ICL (chi-square test,
P
= .007). During the follow-up period, a significant reduction in PIOL vaulting was observed (Kruskal–Wallis test,
P
< .05), and the mean endothelial cell density decreased by 19.75%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ICL PIOL provided good refractive outcomes and stability in the long term. The incidence of cataracts is low when the latest models of this PIOL are used.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):548–556.]
Spontaneous Haptic Flexion and Misalignment of a New Microincisional Aspheric Intraocular Lens in the Early Postoperative Period in Two Patients
Authors: Toygar Baha , Kiziloglu Özge Yabas , Toygar Okan , Aykan Ümit
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:

To present two cases of spontaneous haptic flexion and misalignment of a new single-piece microincisional aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) following uneventful microincisional phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation.

METHODS:

Case reports.

RESULTS:

Both patients had decreased visual acuity and significant myopia and astigmatism in their operated eye at the postoperative first month visit. On dilated biomicroscopic examination, flexion of one haptic was observed in both cases. In one of the cases, the misaligned IOL was explanted and a different posterior chamber IOL was implanted. In the other case, the misaligned IOL was repositioned.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cataract surgeons should be aware of the risk for haptic flexion and misalignment of this new IOL, causing decreased visual acuity and significant refractive error in the early postoperative period. Satisfactory results can be achieved by either IOL exchange or repositioning the IOL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):558–560.]
Endophthalmitis Caused by
Rhizobium radiobacter
After Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation to Correct Myopia
Authors: Al-Abdullah Abdulelah A. , Al-Falah Mohammad , Al-Rashaed Saba , Khandekar Rajiv , Arevalo J. Fernando
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:

To describe a 29-year-old man presenting with acute-onset endophthalmitis caused by
Rhizobium
(formerly
Agrobacterium
)
radiobacter
after uneventful implantable collamer lens implantation for myopia.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

The patient was treated with intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime, as well as topical and systemic antibiotics. The patient had a good response with a final visual acuity of 20/50 at the last follow-up visit 25 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

This case represents the first case report of endophthalmitis caused by
Rhizobium radiobacter
following implantable collamer lens implantation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):561–563.]
Combined 23-Gauge PPV and Scleral Buckle Versus 23-Gauge PPV Alone for Primary Repair of Pseudophakic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Setlur Vikram J. , Rayess Nadim , Garg Sunir J. , Hsu Jason , Luo Caesar K. , Regillo Carl D. , Fineman Mitchell S. , Sivalingam Arunan
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

This review compares 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone versus combined 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckle (PPV/SB) for primary repair of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of 70 eyes that underwent 23-gauge PPV and 43 eyes that received 23-gauge PPV/SB for pseudophakic RRD. Minimum follow-up was 3 months. Outcome measures included anatomical success, visual acuity, and complication rates.

RESULTS:

The 23-gauge PPV group achieved primary anatomical success in 58 of 70 cases (83%). Primary success in the PPV/SB group occurred in 36 of 43 cases (84%). Final anatomical success was achieved in all 113 cases (100%). The difference in primary success rates was not statistically significant (
P
= 1.000, Fisher exact test). Average visual acuity for macula-on RRDs in the PPV group showed a +0.07 logMAR improvement (
P
= .580) versus a +1.34 improvement (
P
< .001) in macula-off PPV cases. SB/PPV macula-on cases showed a decrease in logMAR visual acuity by −0.06 (
P
= .380) while macula-off SB/PPV cases improved by +1.28 (
P
= .002). There were no significant complications in either group.

CONCLUSION:

Both 23-gauge PPV and PPV/SB are effective procedures for repairing pseudophakic RRD and exhibit similar rates of success.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:702–707.]
Predictability of Recurrent Exudation and Subretinal Hemorrhaging in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Indocyanine Green Angiography
Authors: Rush Ryan B. , Rush Sloan W. , Aragon Antonio V. , Ysasaga J. Edward
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report the predictability of recurrent exudation and subretinal hemorrhaging after treatment extension in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through assessment of interval changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size on indocyanine green (ICG) angiography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The charts of patients with neovascular AMD who underwent bevacizumab therapy using a treat-and-extend protocol were retrospectively reviewed over a 12-month period.

RESULTS:

An increase of 33% or more in CNV surface area on ICG angiography from 4 to 6 weeks, 6 to 8 weeks, and 8 to 10 weeks was observed in patients whose treatment interval could not be extended from 6 to 8 weeks, 8 to 10 weeks, and 10 to 12 weeks, respectively, and this was significant compared to patients whose treatment interval was successfully extended during those respective intervals (
P
< .0001,
P
= .0002,
P
= .0004, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

CNV size change on ICG angiography can predict which patients are likely to experience recurrent exudation and/or subretinal hemorrhaging after treatment extension using treat-and-extend bevacizumab.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:718–723.]
Changing Treatment Patterns of ROP at a Tertiary Medical Center Between 2002 and 2012
Authors: Kaakour Abdul-Hadi , Hansen Eric D. , Aziz Hassan A. , Young Ryan C. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To clinically correlate and evaluate the screening and treatment patterns of retinopathy of prematurity by a single physician at a tertiary care center between 2002 and 2012.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A group of 10,924 newborns screened for ROP between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed in a consecutive case series. Records of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Jackson Memorial Hospital/Bascom Palmer Eye Institute were reviewed to identify patients clinically diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity who underwent treatment.

RESULTS:

Laser photocoagulation was used to treat 231 of 10,924 (2.1%). Of these 231 patients, 176 (76.2%) were included in the study (55 infants were excluded because they were referred from outside institutions for advanced ROP). Of the 176 treated patients, 89 (50.6%) were male and 87 (49.4%) were female. The average birth weight was 687.3 g. The mean gestational age was 24.8 weeks. The mean time between birth and treatment was 3 months. Of the 176 patients, 31 required re-treatment with laser photocoagulation. The rates of treatment and retreatment significantly declined with the experience of the treating physician (
P
< .01). Retinal detachment occurred in two of 176 patients (1.1%).

CONCLUSION:

Experience is essential in delivering optimal care in a complex disease such as ROP. Between 2002 and 2012, the rate of treatment and retreatment significantly decreased. Possible reasons include improvements in neonatal care, but it is more likely that the rate of treatment and re-treatment is inversely proportional to the ophthalmologist’s experience with and comfort in managing ROP.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:752–754.]
Transformación urbana y procesos territoriales recientes en Zaragoza y su espacio metropolitano
Authors: De Miguel González Rafael
Published: August 2015

En las últimas dos décadas el área urbana de Zaragoza ha conocido unos crecimientos urbanísticos, residenciales y demográficos elevados, tanto en la periferia metropolitana, pero sobre todo en la ciudad central, hasta llegar a la actual crisis económica e inmobiliaria. Así, mientras la población del conjunto del área urbana ha crecido el 19%, los nuevos suelos artificiales se incrementan el 71%. El reciente desarrollo urbanístico de Zaragoza ha seguido las pautas generales de las grandes ciudades españolas, aunque en la capital de Aragón las transformaciones urbanas han sido especialmente intensas debido a la asunción de proyectos estratégicos (residenciales y de actividad) en el nuevo Plan General de Ordenación Urbana, a los efectos sobre la trama urbana de la llegada de la Alta Velocidad ferroviaria, así como la designación de la capital aragonesa como sede de la Exposición Internacional de 2008. Todo ello ha tenido unos indudables efectos en la modificación de la forma de la ciudad, pero también en la organización, en las relaciones y en los procesos territoriales del espacio metropolitano zaragozano.

[fr] Dans les deux dernières décennies, la zone urbaine de Saragosse a connu une croissance urbaine, résidentielle et démographique élevé, à la fois dans la périphérie métropolitaine, mais surtout dans le centre-ville, jusqu’à la crise économique et immobilier actuel. Ainsi, alors que l’ensemble de la zone urbaine de la population a augmenté de 19%, les sols artificiels ont connu une augmentation de 71%. Le développement récent de Saragosse a suivi la tendance générale des grandes villes espagnoles, mais dans la capitale d’Aragon les transformations urbaines ont été particulièrement intenses en raison de la prise en charge de projets stratégiques (résidentiel et commercial) dans le nouveau Plan Local d’Urbanisme, des effets sur le tissu urbain de l’arrivée de la grande vitesse ferroviaire, et la nomination de Saragosse pour accueillir l’Exposition Internationale de 2008. Cela a eu des effets indéniables à modifier la forme de la ville, mais aussi dans l’organisation, les relations et les processus territoriaux de l’espace métropolitain de Saragosse.
Integración regional y nacionalismos en la Europa del siglo XXI
Authors: Doval Adán Antonio
Published: August 2015

En el espacio geopolítico europeo actual conviven dos activismos antagónicos. Uno trabaja a favor de una Europa más unida e integrada a nivel político económico y social mediante la creación de grandes estructuras supranacionales cada vez más complejas y burocratizadas dotadas de amplios poderes, mientras que el otro se esfuerza en reivindicar un mayor grado de soberanía e independencia para los pueblos y sus identidades territoriales. En este contexto, se hace un balance general de las organizaciones internacionales creadas para impulsar el proceso de integración regional y se analizan los principales focos y movimientos nacionalistas que operan en el territorio europeo, profundizando en el rebrote de los movimientos secesionistas dentro de la Unión Europea, en los Balcanes y en el espacio postsoviético, sin olvidar la cuestión del nacionalismo kurdo.

[fr] Dans la zone géopolitique européenne actuelle vivent deux activismes antagonistes. Un travaille en faveur d’une Europe plus unie et intégré à un niveau politique, économique et social par le biais de la création de grandes structures supranationales plus en plus complexes et bureaucratissées avec des pouvoirs, tandis que l’autre s’efforce de demander un plus grand degré de souveraineté et d’indépendance pour les peuples et leurs identités territoriales. Dans ce contexte, la recherche fait une évaluation des organisations internationales créées pour stimuler le processus d’intégration régionale et aborde les principaux foyers et les mouvements nationalistes qui opèrent en Europe, approfondissant dans la ré-émergence de mouvements sécessionnistes au sein de l’Union européenne, dans les Balkans et dans l’espace post-soviétique, sans oublier de mentionner la question du nationalisme kurde.
El mito de pristinidad y los usos efectivos del territorio de la región de Magallanes, Patagonia Chilena: Forestal, minería y acuicultura
Authors: Inostroza Luis
Published: August 2015

Los métodos de clasificación de usos del suelo en regiones remotas presentan dos serias limitaciones. La primera es la mixtura conceptual de usos con coberturas que no refleja el uso efectivo del territorio. Una segunda limitación es la ausencia de usos importantes como turismo, acuicultura y minería, que imponen importantes presiones sobre territorios frágiles. Este trabajo presenta un método para determinar los usos territoriales en la región de Magallanes en el extremo austral de Chile. Se trata de una clasificación de usos del suelo elaborada específicamente para este territorio, conceptualmente clara y amplia, que permite establecer el alcance efectivo de las explotaciones territoriales, determinando qué territorios son utilizados y cuales permanecen sin uso. El método está basado íntegramente en un SIG y constituye un insumo clave para mejorar la gestión territorial. El análisis refleja un alto porcentaje de uso directo, contrario a la percepción de pristinidad existente, lo que genera importantes desafíos para las actuales estrategias de gestión territorial.

[fr] Les méthodes de classification de l’utilisation du sol dans les régions reculées présentent deux limitations graves. La première est le mélange conceptuel d’utilisations avec une couverture qui ne reflète pas l’utilisation réelle de la terre. Une seconde limite est l’absence d’usages importants tels que le tourisme, l’aquaculture et l’exploitation minière, qui imposent de fortes pressions sur les terres fragiles. Cet article présente une méthode pour déterminer l’utilisation des terres dans la région de Magallanes à l’extrême sud du Chili. Il s’agit d’une classification de l’utilisation des sols développée spécifiquement pour ce territoire, conceptuellement claire et large, qui permet de déterminer la portée effective des exploitations territoriales, identifier les zones utilisées et celles qui restent inutilisées. La méthode est basée entièrement sur un SIG et est un élément clé pour améliorer la gestion des terres. L’analyse montre un pourcentage élevé d’utilisation directe, contrairement à la perception de nature intacte existante, créant des défis importants pour les stratégies actuelles de gestion des terres.
El lenguaje cartográfico en los mapas temáticos
Authors: Membrado Joan Carles
Published: August 2015

Este artículo analiza la eficacia del mapa como transmisor de información. Para ello examina algunos conceptos básicos acerca de las propiedades del lenguaje cartográfico, con el objetivo de diseñar mapas en que la información geográfica se trasmita de la manera más clara posible. También describe el gusto innato de los geógrafos por los mapas –la atracción y el estímulo que estos suponen para ellos–, para ocuparse luego de la irrupción de Internet y las nuevas tecnologías que permiten la consulta, descarga y producción masivas de mapas. El artículo está ilustrado con once mapas temáticos, en cada uno de los cuales una o varias variables visuales (tamaño, forma, valor, tono, orientación, textura) se combinan con alguno de los grafismos con que el cartógrafo puede plasmar una información (punto, línea, área).

[fr] Cet article analyse l’efficacité de la carte comme transmetteur d’informations. À cet effet, on y examine certains concepts de base sur les propriétés du langage cartographique, afin de faciliter la conception de cartes où l’information géographique soit transmise le plus clairement possible. On y décrit également le goût inné des cartes qu’éprouvent les géographes –comme elles les attirent et stimulent–, et l’émergence de l’Internet et des nouvelles technologies permettant la visualisation, le téléchargement et la production massifs de cartes. L’article est illustré avec dix cartes thématiques, dans chacune desquelles des variables visuelles (taille, forme, valeur, couleur, orientation, grain) sont combinées avec quelqu’une des primitives graphiques (point, ligne, zone) que les cartographes usent pour représenter des informations.
La Sección de Cartografía y Publicaciones del Instituto Geográfico y la introducción de las técnicas de reproducción fotomecánica (1904-1956)
Authors: Nadal Francesc , Urteaga Luis
Published: August 2015

A mediados del siglo XX la Sección de Cartografía y Publicaciones del Instituto Geográfico constituía la principal empresa editora de mapas de España. El proceso que daría lugar a este hecho se inició en 1905, cuando se decidió sustituir el sistema de reproducción litográfico, adoptado en 1875 para el grabado e impresión de las hojas del Mapa Topográfico de España a escala 1:50.000 por otro de tipo fotomecánico. En 1915 se publicó la primera hoja de este mapa mediante la técnica del heliograbado en cobre y en 1926 se implantó otra técnica de reproducción fotomecánica, la fotolitografía en zinc, que estuvo vigente hasta 1956. Ambos cambios dieron lugar, durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, a diversas reformas organizativas, a la formación de dos cuerpos técnicos y a importantes inversiones de tipo material. Como consecuencia de ello, entre 1915 y 1956 se grabaron y estamparon 883 de las 1.106 hojas que formaban la primera edición de este mapa.

[fr] A la mi-vingitième siècle la Section de cartographie et publications de l’Instituto Geográfico était le principal centre éditeur de cartes de l’Espagne. Le processus qui mènerait à ce fait commencé en 1905, quand on á décide de remplacer le système de reproduction lithographique, adoptée en 1875 pour la gravure et l’impression des feuilles de la Carte topographique de l’Espagne á l’échelle 1 :50 000, pour un système de reproduction photomécanique. En 1915 a été publiée la première feuille de cette carte par la technique de l’heliogravure et l’année 1926 a été mais en oeuvre une nouvelle technique de reproduction photomécanique, la photolitographie sur zinc, qui était en vigueur jusqu’en 1956. Ces changements ont entraîné, dans le premier tiers du vingtiéme siècle, un certain nombre de réformes organisationelles, la formation de deux corps techniques et a un investissement important en biens d’équipement. En conséquence, entre 1915 et 1956 ont été gravées et imprimées 883 des 1.1106 feuilles qui constituent la première édition de cette carte.
La cartografía catastral y su utilización en la desagregación de la población. Aplicación al análisis de la distribución espacial de la población en el municipio de Leganés (Madrid)
Authors: Santos Preciado José Miguel
Published: August 2015

El conocimiento detallado de la localización espacial de la población, en formato digital, resulta imprescindible en el análisis de diversas problemáticas de carácter geográfico, como la ubicación óptima de determinados servicios públicos o privados (comercio, educación, sanitarios, etc.) o la planificación de un sistema de transporte, entre otras. Tradicionalmente, la información demográfica ha estado referida a unidades espaciales de carácter censal, en las que la población se halla uniformemente repartida, situación que dificulta la elaboración de análisis y evaluaciones fiables y precisas. Esta circunstancia exige superar el rígido marco de los lindes administrativos, en la búsqueda de algún procedimiento que permita obtener unos resultados más acordes con la realidad. Con esta intención, mostramos, como a partir de la información contenida en la cartografía catastral es posible elaborar, en un entorno SIG, un procedimiento que procura el trasvase de la población de las secciones censales administrativas a las parcelas residenciales del catastro, con resultados del emplazamiento de la población más rigurosos y certeros.

[fr] La connaissance détaillée de la localisation spatiale de la population, en format numérique, a devenue indispensable a l’analyse de divers problématiques de caractère géographique, comme l’emplacement optimal de certaines services publics ou privés (des institutions éducationnelles ou sanitaires, des centres commerciaux, etc..) ou la planification des systèmes de transport, entre autres. Traditionnellement, l’information démographique a été rapportée aux unités spatiales de recensement, où la population se montre comme si elle fût uniformément répartie, ce qui entrave l’élaboration d’analyses et d’évaluations fiables et précises. Cette circonstance exige surpasser le cadre rigide des limites administratives, à la recherche de quelque procédure pour obtenir des résultats plus conformes à la réalité. Pour ce faire, nous montrons comme il est possible d’élaborer un procès qui effectue le transfert de la population des sections administratives vers les parcelles résidentielles du cadastre, à partir de l’information contenue dans la cartographie cadastrale et au moyen d’un environnement SIG, avec des résultats plus rigoureux et adroits de l’emplacement de la population.
Glaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: La evolución del glaciarismo Cuaternario en la Sierra de Cebolleda (León)
Authors: Serrano Cañadas Enrique , Gómez Lende Manuel , González Trueba Juan José , González García María
Published: August 2015

La Sierra de Cebolleda constituye 10 km de la divisoria cantábrica, en dirección E-W, al sur de los Picos de Europa, el macizo más alto de la cordillera. Su elevada diversidad litológica y la estructura monoclinal condicionan el glaciarismo cuaternario. Este trabajo estudia la evolución glaciar mediante las huellas geomorfológicas. El objetivo es conocer la evolución y extensión temporal del glaciarismo para establecer correlaciones lo más precisas posibles con los restantes macizos cantábricos. Se ha realizado una cartografía geomorfológica E.1/25.000, la estimación de la ELA en cada glaciar y para cada fase temporal y un análisis morfoestratigráfico incluyendo datos sobre la orientación, la altura de los frentes, la longitud de los glaciares y la ELA. Se han estudiado y reconstruido 11 sistemas glaciares, con lenguas de más de 5 km que alcanzan en la vertiente norte una altitud media de 1120 m s.n.m. Los complejos morrénicos señalan entre una y cuatro fluctuaciones glaciares que permiten establecer cuatro fases glaciares: dos de extensión similar (F1 y F2), un periodo de retroceso y equilibrio Finiglaciar (F3), y un periodo glaciar marginal con pequeños glaciares en el interior de los circos (F4) e intensos procesos periglaciares (glaciares rocosos, laderas de bloques, corrientes de bloques, derrubios ordenados). Finalmente, estas fases se correlacionan con las dataciones existentes en otros macizos de la Cordillera Cantábrica. a Prieta-Curavacas).

[fr] La Sierra de Cebolleda fait parte de la tournant Cantabrique au 10 km de longueur, du direction E-W, au sud de la Picos de Europa, le plus haut massif de la Cordillère. Sa haute diversité lithologique et la structure monoclinique détermine la glaciation Quaternaire. Cet article étudie l’évolution géomorphologique glaciaire pour ses empreintes géomorphologiques. L’objectif est de comprendre l’évolution et l’extension temporelle de la glaciation pour d’établir des corrélations les plus précises possibles avec l’autres massifs Cantabriques. Il ya eu une cartographie géomorphologique E 1/25.000, une estimation de la ELA dans chaque glacier et chaque phase et une analyse morphostratigraphique, y compris des données sur l’orientation, la hauteur des fronts, la longueur des glaciers et la ELA. Ont été étudiés et reconstruit 11 glaciers, avec langues plus de 5 kilomètres, atteindre dans le versant nord une altitude moyenne de 1120 m d’altitude. Les moraines permettre à l’établissement de quatre glaciers phases. Deux du prolongation similaire (F1 et F2), une période de déclin et d’équilibre glaciaire (F3) et une période glaciaire marginal de petits glaciers du cirque (F4) avec processus périglaciaires intenses (glaciers rocheux, pentes de blocs, courants de blocs, éboulis ordonnés). Enfin, ces phases sont en corrélation avec les datations existants dans d’autres massifs des Monts Cantabriques.
A Low-cost RFID/GPS Location Sensing Algorithm for Urban Infrastructure
Authors: Jing Changfeng , Du Mingyi , Shang Likun
Published: August 2015

Low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) location sensing algorithm is practical and crucial for urban infrastructure location. Current RFID location algorithms are based on fixed multiple RFID reader or reference points (reader or tag) with known position, which is cost and difficult to deployment in urban environment. The objective of this study is to develop a low-cost location sensing algorithm using RFID technique to locate urban infrastructure. This paper presents an algorithm based on multilateration with the integration of mobile RFID and Global Position System (GPS). The mobility of RFID reader can measure many distances between different RFID reader positions and target tag which represent multilateration. The GPS provides coordination of RFID reader. The location of tag is calculated based on triangle geometric property. The redundant observation is adopted to get the optimum location. In practice, the only one RFID reader is necessary, thus the cost is reduced hardly. The performance and accuracy assessment are conducted in field experiment. The experiment proves that the proposed low-cost location sensing algorithm is able to location the urban infrastructure with smaller position error. The lower cost makes it even more economically feasible than other algorithm.
Path Planning Analysis of Decelerator Assembly Based on Virtual Technology
Authors: Jin Xiangyang , Sun Yiming
Published: August 2015

Aiming at the structural characteristics of different parts of decelerator, the general rules of 3D part modeling was summarized, three-dimensional model of gear bracket was established, all marshaled parts were generated into the whole parts assembly, added a variety of assembly relation and hierarchical relation to the parts. Then the reducer assembly path was sketched out, assembly sequence of parts was determinated, the final completion of assembly simulation was finished. Virtual assembly technology is conducive to the rapid introduction of technology of advanced design method, improve product quality, reduce the cost of development, and shorten the development cycle, which lays the foundation of practical disassembly and assembly parts.
On line and other Game-Based Learning for Mathematics
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Pappas Marios
Published: August 2015

The last decade, researchers and educators have shown particular interest for the use of educational video games in mathematics education, in an effort to provide educational character to entertainment. In this paper we represent some of the most representative studies which evaluate the effects of video games on mathematics achievement as well as the improvement of memory, attention and cognitive skills. As indicated by the studies, video games may constitute useful tools in mathematics education as they support children’s comprehension on fundamental concepts, but also motivate them to see positively the course of mathematics.
Research on Compression Properties of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Yang Su Yuan , Yang Sheng Nan
Published: August 2015

Quasi-static and dynamic compressive mechanical properties of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys have been investigated by using electronic universal testing machine and Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), respectively. The experimental results show that the dynamic yield stress and the fracture stress are higher than those in the static. Martensitic phase transformation is induced by stress before the plastic deformation. The critical stress of SIM and the slope of stress plateau increase with the increase of strain rates.
Effect of Isothermal Heat Treatment on Dynamic Properties of a High Strength Steel
Authors: Du Wen Wen , Wang Qian , Wang Lin , Wang Ding
Published: August 2015

The high strength steel which was subjected with isothermal heat treatment at three different temperatures, namely 330°C, 350°Cand 380°C after different quenching temperature namely 880°C and 900°C,was investigated in this paper. The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of new high strength steel was tested by universal material testing machine and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). Experimental results have showed that the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel reach 1100MPa and 1400MPa respectively. Hardness, yield strength and toughness are found to decrease with the consequently increasing of isothermal temperature under the same quenching temperature. The compression properties of the steel under quenching temperature of 880°C are higher than that of 900°C with the same isothermal temperature. It can be found that the steel which is subjected with isothermal heat treatment show strain rate sensitivity under high velocity impact. When isothermal temperature is set 380°C, the steel exhibits the most obvious strain rate hardening effect.
Plastic Flow Stress and Constitutive Model for H96 Brass Alloy
Authors: Zhou Ping , Guo Wei Guo , Wu Hai Hui
Published: August 2015

To explore the thermo-mechanical response of H96 brass alloy, the quasi-static (universal-testing machine) and dynamic (the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus) uniaxial compression experiments have been performed under the temperatures from 293 K to 873 K and the strain rates from 0.001 s-1 to 6000 s-1, and the strains over 60% are obtained. Results show that, H96 brass alloy has strong strain hardening behavior, and it becomes weaker with the increasing temperature. In addition, this alloy is sensitive to strain rates; and, it has temperature sensitivity, the dynamic strain aging occurs at the temperature of 473 K and a quasi-static strain rate of 0.001 s-1. Based on the thermal activation dislocation mechanism, paralleled with the experimental results, a plastic flow constitutive model with the physical conception is developed. The model is suitable to predict the plastic flow stress at different temperatures and strain rates. According to comparing results, the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Near-β Ti-5553 Alloy
Authors: Liu Cheng Ze , Wang Lin , Xu Xin
Published: August 2015

Ti-5553(Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Fe) is a new near-β Titanium alloy with some applications as structural components in aircrafts. In this paper, Ti-5553 alloy was heat treated at four different solid solution temperatures: 770°C, 790°C, 830°C and 850°C, followed by the same aging treatment. Quasi-static compressive and tensile experiments as well as Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) compression experiment were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of Ti-5553 alloy. The microstructure evolutions were characterized using Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results demonstrated that different microstructures of Ti-5553 alloy were obtained through four different heat treatment procedures. The main microstructures are aα+βb with different volume fractions. Ti-5553 alloy treated at 770°C, with secondary α precipitates embedded in β matrix, behaves the best combination of strength and toughness. In dynamic compression, strain rate hardening effect occurs exclusively in the samples with the Widmanstatten structure and not occurs in other samples.
The Ballistic Performance of Multi-Layer Kevlar Fabrics Impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluids
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Shu Kui , Feng Xin Ya
Published: August 2015

This study investigates the ballistic penetration performance of aramid fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. The ballistic test was conducted at impact velocity of 445 m/s, and three types of shear thickening fluids prepared with silica particles of different sizes (200nm, 340nm and 480nm) are involved. The results demonstrate an enhancement in ballistic properties of fabric due to the impregnation of shear thickening fluids. The fabrics with smaller particle size show better ballistic performance. Microscopic observation of aramid fabric reveals that shear thickening fluids with smaller silica particles have a better adhesion on and between yarns, enhancinging the coupling effect between yarns. The corresponding mechanism was discussed in the paper.
Durability Experimental Method of RC Components Strengthened with FRP in Hot-Wet Environment
Authors: Zhou Hao , Huang Pei Yan , Qin Guang , Wei De Min
Published: August 2015

Taking bridge structures in service period as research objects, durability experimental method of reinforced concrete (RC) components strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) under time-varying hot-wet environment and random fatigue load coupling/interaction was discussed and corresponding experimental system of structural components was developed and integrated. To prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the experimental method proposed, durability/environmental fatigue experiments of RC beams strengthened with carbon fibre laminates (CFL) were carried out including the following four experiments: a) non-interaction experiments (the current method) of constant temperature, constant humidity and fatigue loads, b) interaction experiments of constant temperature and humidity and fatigue loads, c) interaction experiments of real service environment and fatigue loads, d) interaction experiments of real service environment and vehicle random loads. The results showed the durability/environmental fatigue experimental method proposed by this paper was effective and feasible.