bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited utility of routine surveillance imaging for classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients in first complete remission
Authors: Pingali Sai Ravi , Jewell Sarah W. , Havlat Luiza , Bast Martin A. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Eastwood Daniel C. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Armitage James O. , Wagner‐Johnston Nina D. , Vose Julie M. , Fenske Timothy S.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) who achieved complete remission with frontline therapy and then underwent either clinical surveillance or routine surveillance imaging.

METHODS

In total, 241 patients who were newly diagnosed with cHL between January 2000 and December 2010 at 3 participating tertiary care centers and achieved complete remission after first‐line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, there were 174 patients in the routine surveillance imaging group and 67 patients in the clinical surveillance group, based on the intended mode of surveillance. In the routine surveillance imaging group, the intended plan of surveillance included computed tomography and/or positron emission tomography scans; whereas, in the clinical surveillance group, the intended plan of surveillance was clinical examination and laboratory studies, and scans were obtained only to evaluate concerning signs or symptoms. Baseline patient characteristics, prognostic features, treatment records, and outcomes were collected. The primary objective was to compare overall survival for patients in both groups. For secondary objectives, we compared the success of second‐line therapy and estimated the costs of imaging for each group.

RESULTS

After 5 years of follow‐up, the overall survival rate was 97% (95% confidence interval, 92%‐99%) in the routine surveillance imaging group and 96% (95% confidence interval, 87%‐99%) in the clinical surveillance group (P = .41). There were few relapses in each group, and all patients who relapsed in both groups achieved complete remission with second‐line therapy. The charges associated with routine surveillance imaging were significantly higher than those for the clinical surveillance strategy, with no apparent clinical benefit.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical surveillance was not inferior to routine surveillance imaging in patients with cHL who achieved complete remission with frontline therapy. Routine surveillance imaging was associated with significantly increased estimated imaging charges. Cancer 2014;120:2122–2129. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of recurrence after trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Dorth Jennifer A. , Pura John A. , Palta Manisha , Willett Christopher G. , Uronis Hope E. , D'Amico Thomas A. , Czito Brian G.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Patterns of failure after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal cancer are poorly defined.

METHODS

All patients in the current study were treated with trimodality therapy for nonmetastatic esophageal cancer from 1995 to 2009. Locoregional failure included lymph node failure (NF), anastomotic failure, or both. Abdominal paraaortic failure (PAF) was defined as disease recurrence at or below the superior mesenteric artery.

RESULTS

Among 155 patients, the primary tumor location was the upper/middle esophagus in 18%, the lower esophagus in 32%, and the gastroesophageal junction in 50% (adenocarcinoma in 79% and squamous cell carcinoma in 21%) of patients. Staging methods included endoscopic ultrasound (73%), computed tomography (46%), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (54%). Approximately 40% of patients had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II disease and 60% had stage III disease. The median follow‐up was 1.3 years. The 2‐year locoregional control, event‐free survival, and overall survival rates were 86%, 36%, and 48%, respectively. The 2‐year NF rate was 14%, the isolated NF rate was 3%, and the anastomotic failure rate was 6%. The 2‐year PAF rate was 9% and the isolated PAF rate was 5%. PAF was found to be increased among patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors (12% vs 6%), especially for the subset with ≥ 2 clinically involved lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis (19% vs 4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Few patients experience isolated NF or PAF as their first disease recurrence. Therefore, it is unlikely that targeting additional regional lymph node basins with radiotherapy would significantly improve clinical outcomes. Cancer 2014;120:2099–2105. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Usefulness of GATA3 and p40 immunostains in the diagnosis of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in cytology specimens
Authors: Brandler Tamar C. , Aziz Mohamed S. , Rosen Lisa M. , Bhuiya Tawfiqul A. , Yaskiv Oksana
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

GATA3 (GATA‐binding protein 3) expression in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and mammary carcinomas has been recently reported. However, to the authors' knowledge, studies examining GATA3 staining of metastatic UC (MUC) in cytology specimens are lacking. Delta Np63 (p40) has been shown to be expressed highly selectively in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) but the literature concerning the expression of p40 in UC is limited and controversial. In the current study, the authors evaluated the usefulness of GATA3 and p40 in the diagnosis of MUC in cytology specimens.

METHODS

Thirty‐two MUC cytology cases and 44 controls (22 UC cases and 22 SCC cases) were stained for GATA3, p40, and p63 and nuclear staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells were recorded and compared.

RESULTS

MUC cytology cases stained positive for GATA3, p40, and p63 in 78.13%, 80.65%, and 61.29% of cases, respectively, with moderate/strong staining intensity. MUC cases had a significantly higher percentage of GATA3 positivity compared with SCC controls (P < .001), but GATA3 positivity was not found to be significantly different from UC controls (90.91%) (P = .28). For p40 positivity, there was no significant difference observed between MUC cases, UC controls (95.45%), and SCC controls (90.91%) (P = .29). p63 positivity was found to be significantly lower in MUC cases compared with UC controls (95.45%) and SCC controls (95.45%) (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study demonstrate that GATA3 is useful in confirming the diagnosis of MUC in cytology specimens and in distinguishing between MUC and SCC. p40 is a valuable adjunct to GATA3 in the diagnosis of MUC in cytology specimens, especially when SCC is not part of the clinical differential diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:468–473. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Proximal stenosis may induce initiation of cerebral aneurysms by increasing wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Fujimoto Takeshi , Terada Tomoaki
Published: April 2014

Hemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress (WSS), WSS gradient (WSSG), aneurysm formation indicator (AFI), or gradient oscillatory number (GON), have been proposed to be linked to initiation of cerebral aneurysms. However, how such conditions occur in humans is unclear. We encountered a rare and interesting case to address this issue. A patient had a newly formed aneurysm with proximal stenosis, which was confirmed by serial imagings. We made two pre‐aneurysm models: one with stenosis and the other without stenosis. We performed computational fluid dynamics simulations for these models. Owing to jet flow caused by the stenosis, the maximum WSS and WSSG on the aneurysm initiation site were approximately doubled and tripled, respectively. However, the oscillatory shear index (OSI), AFI, and GON did not change substantially by the stenosis. Computer simulations using artificial vascular models with different degrees of proximal stenosis at different distances demonstrated that oscillatory shear index, AFI, and GON did not change substantially by the stenosis. These results showed that proximal stenosis caused high WSS and high WSSG at the aneurysm initiation site, possibly leading to aneurysm initiation. Proximal stenosis may be a potential factor to induce initiation of one class of cerebral aneurysms by increasing WSS and WSSG. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Temperature Properties of Polymer‐Stabilised Liquid‐Crystal Blue Phases
Authors: Lim Gihwan , Okumura Yasushi , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu
Published: April 2014

The temperature dependences of the Kerr coefficient and the response time in the electrooptical effect of polymer‐stabilised blue phases (PSBPs) of liquid crystals (LCs) with various polymer concentrations are investigated in a wide temperature range including temperatures lower than room temperature. The Kerr coefficients are found to abruptly decrease at low temperature, and the response time–temperature relation obeys the Arrhenius equation. For comparison of the Kerr effect and molecular rotation at low temperature, various physical properties such as permittivity, rotational relaxation time and dielectric relaxation strength of the PSBPs are investigated. The electrooptical response times and the dielectric relaxation times show different temperature dependences, and rotation of LC molecules in PSBPs was sufficiently active at low temperature and not strongly affected by the polymer.
A social science‐inspired complexity policy: Beyond the mantra of incentivization
Authors: Squazzoni Flaminio
Published: April 2014

This study suggests that cross‐fertilization between complexity and social science could provide a new rationale for policy. We look at the weakness of conventional policy thinking and excessive faith in incentives and the underestimation of social interaction on individual choices. Recent examples of experimental and computational research on social interaction indicate the importance of understanding preexisting social norms and network structures for targeting appropriately contextualized policies. This would allow us to conceive policy not as something that takes place “off‐line” outside systems but as a constitutive process interacting with self‐organized system behavior. This article aims to pave the way for a complexity‐friendly policy that allows us to understand and manage more than predict and control top‐down. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 5–13, 2014
QoS mechanism for virtualized wireless networks with software‐defined networking
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Liang , Kao San‐Peng
Published: April 2014

An effective Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) mechanism is essential for high‐quality Internet services. One QoS solution, rate limiting, is now a common strategy for obtaining a desired QoS from end‐to‐end traffic flow. Because of the high sensitivity of the QoS metric, implementing rate‐limiting QoS in hardware obtains better accuracy compared with evaluation by simulation models. For virtualized wired‐wireless networks, this study proposes a software‐defined networking based QoS mechanism based on OpenFlow‐enabled Net Field Programmable Gate Array platform. The OpenFlow wildcard table module in the user data path is modified to budget each packet with a certain buffer speed when the packets pass the output queues. The modified OpenFlow network isolates traffic flow and limits the traffic rate according to the budgeted bandwidth. The experimental results show that the mechanism achieves 4.6% improvement in packet loss and 47% improvement in delay. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascade Michael–Intramolecular Transesterification–Elimination Reaction of 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐nitrochromen‐2‐ones and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Oxo Esters: An Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrone Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: April 2014

Multisubstituted 2‐oxopyran‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized under mild reaction conditions through a base‐promoted reaction between 3,4‐dihydro‐3‐nitrochromen‐2‐ones and β,γ‐unsaturated α‐oxo esters to give products in excellent yields. The reaction is believed to proceed through a cascade Michael–intramolecular transesterification–elimination process.
Anastamosing channels in the lower Neches River valley, Texas
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D.
Published: April 2014

Active and semi‐active anastomosing Holocene channels upstream of the delta in the lower valley of the meandering Neches River in southeast Texas represent several morphologically distinct and hydrologically independent channel systems. These appear to have a common origin as multi‐thread crevasse channels strongly influenced by antecedent morphology. Levee breaching leads to steeper cross‐valley flows toward floodplain basins associated with Pleistocene meander scars, creating multi‐thread channels that persist due to additional tributary contributions and ground water inputs. Results are consistent with the notion of plural systems where main channels, tributaries, and sub‐channels may have different morphologies and hydrogeomorphic functions. The adjacent Trinity and Sabine Rivers have similar environmental controls, yet the Trinity lacks evidence of extensive anastomosing channels on its floodplain, and those of the Sabine appear to be of different origin. The paper highlights the effects of geographical and historical contingency and hydrological idiosyncrasy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the derivation of exact analytical FSO link attenuation model
Authors: Poliak J. , Pezzei P. , Barcik P. , Leitgeb E. , Hudcova L. , Wilfert O.
Published: April 2014

The development of semiconductor technology has led to an increase of the usable bandwidth of light‐emitting diodes (LED), which are suitable for indoor high‐speed communications or free‐space optical (FSO) communications over a relatively short distance. The high‐speed long‐distance FSO links, where turbulence effects are considerably high, are a domain of laser sources. Hence, the paper covers the study of an exact analytical model of FSO link attenuation and the benefits of using an elliptically symmetrical Gaussian beam rather than a circularly symmetrical one.

The paper further generalises the study to the FSO link misalignment and the pointing error analysis. The main contribution is in the derivation of an exact laser beam attenuation model, which is further used to analyse the geometrical losses in FSO systems as well as a general misalignment of an elliptically symmetrical beam in any direction from a circular receiver aperture. The challenging mathematical part includes two and six expressions of the general laser beam attenuation model for FSO communications taking into consideration circular and elliptical beams, respectively. The paper concludes with an analysis of advantages of using elliptical beams in FSO systems and a discussion on optimal orientation of the major beam axis with respect to the maximisation of the link availability.

The paper summarises some previous results of the team of authors to further extend the model's applicability into more general terms towards a unified model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and application of a retronasal aroma‐trapping device to study in vivo aroma release during the consumption of model wine‐derived beverages
Authors: Muñoz‐González Carolina , Rodríguez‐Bencomo Juan José , Moreno‐Arribas Maria Victoria , Pozo‐Bayón Maria Ángeles
Published: April 2014

New types of wine‐derived beverages are now in the market. However, little is known about the impact of ingredient formulation on aroma release during consumption, which is directly linked to consumer preferences and liking. In this study, the optimization and validation of a retronasal aroma‐trapping device (RATD) for the in vivo monitoring of aroma release was carried out. This device was applied to assess the impact of two main ingredients (sugar and ethanol) in these types of beverages on in vivo aroma release. Two aroma‐trapping materials (Lichrolut and Tenax) were firstly assayed. Tenax provided higher recovery and lower intra‐ and inter‐trap variability. In in vivo conditions, RATD provided an adequate linear range (R2 > 0.91) between 0 and 50 mg L−1 of aroma compounds. Differences in the total aroma release were observed in equally trained panelists. It was proven that the addition of sugar (up to 150 mg kg−1) did not have effect on aroma release, while ethanol (up to 40 mg L−1) enhanced the aroma release during drinking. The RATD is a useful tool to collect real in vivo data to extract reliable conclusions about the effect of beverage components on aroma release during consumption. The concentration of ethanol should be taken into consideration for the formulation of wine‐derived beverages.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Oxygen Ion Diffusion in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals and Bicrystals
Authors: Huang H. C. , Su P.‐C. , Kwak S. K. , Pornprasertsuk R. , Yoon Y.‐J.
Published: April 2014

Molecular dynamics simulation studies have been performed to study the oxygen ion diffusion in yttria stabilized zirconia single crystals and bicrystals separated by tilt grain boundaries (GBs). Two types of GBs which are Σ 5 (3 1 0) and Σ 13 (5 1 0) are studied at temperatures between 1,000 K and 2,000 K. The effect of grain size, which is the distance between two GBs, and the effect of GB orientations are systematically investigated in this study. The oxygen diffusion in the bicrystals is found to be blocked by the GB, and the blocking effect increases with decreasing grain size and is affected by different grain orientations. In addition, the oxygen diffusion along the GB plane is most hindered.
Influence of Operation Parameters on the Response of a PEMFC with Electrodeposited Pt‐WO3 Cathode
Authors: Martín A. J. , Chaparro A. M.
Published: April 2014

Pt‐WO3 electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been prepared by electrodeposition on microporous carbon substrates. The electrodes have been studied as cathode in single cells under different operation conditions, including gas humidification, stoichiometry, and cell temperature. Polarization curves show a response qualitatively different from that observed with standard Pt/C cathodes, dominated by properties of the WO3 phase. At low current densities, below ca. 400 mA cm–2, the response is limited by protonic resistance and electrochemical kinetics in the cathode catalyst layer; at high current densities, large water retention by the hydrophilic cathode catalyst layer may cause anode flooding. Chemical changes in WO3 phase accelerate at high temperature and under dry cathode conditions, compromising cell stability in the long term. Therefore, continuous and stable operation requires low humidification in the anode and high in the cathode. Also, a pronounced transient voltage response to current demand steps is observed at low cell voltage, which we attribute to the transition of the cathode potential to a mixed potential value, laying between the oxygen reduction and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption equilibrium mediated by spillover from Pt to the WO3 phase. Basic kinetics considerations show how the height of the voltage transient is related with H spillover rate. Pt‐WO3 cathode catalyst layer may have a practical interest as cathode for PEMFC when dry hydrogen inlet conditions are imposed, for instance, by the use of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system.
Hemispheric lateralization of topological organization in structural brain networks
Authors: Caeyenberghs Karen , Leemans Alexander
Published: April 2014

The study on structural brain asymmetries in healthy individuals plays an important role in our understanding of the factors that modulate cognitive specialization in the brain. Here, we used fiber tractography to reconstruct the left and right hemispheric networks of a large cohort of 346 healthy participants (20–86 years) and performed a graph theoretical analysis to investigate this brain laterality from a network perspective. Findings revealed that the left hemisphere is significantly more “efficient” than the right hemisphere, whereas the right hemisphere showed higher values of “betweenness centrality” and “small‐worldness.” In particular, left‐hemispheric networks displayed increased nodal efficiency in brain regions related to language and motor actions, whereas the right hemisphere showed an increase in nodal efficiency in brain regions involved in memory and visuospatial attention. In addition, we found that hemispheric networks decrease in efficiency with age. Finally, we observed significant gender differences in measures of global connectivity. By analyzing the structural hemispheric brain networks, we have provided new insights into understanding the neuroanatomical basis of lateralized brain functions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4944–4957, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platinum‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab first‐line for Asian patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results of an open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter trial
Authors: Guo Ye , Shi Mei , Yang Ankui , Feng Jifeng , Zhu Xiaodong , Choi Young‐Jin , Hu Guoqin , Pan Jianji , Hu Chunhong , Luo Rongcheng , Zhang Yiping , Zhou Liang , Cheng Ying , Lüpfert Christian , Cai Junliang , Shi yuankai
Published: April 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab as first‐line treatment in Chinese and Korean patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Methods

Patients (n = 68) received cetuximab weekly plus 3‐week cycles of cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemotherapy for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate.

Results

The overall response rate was 55.9%, including 2 complete responses (CRs). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.6 months and median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 6.6 months. Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 41 (60.3%) patients. The safety profile was in line with previous clinical experience. The pharmacokinetic profile was in line with that observed with cetuximab in white and Japanese patients.

Conclusion

The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic findings from this study support the use of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in Chinese and Korean patients with recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01177956). © 2014 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1081–1087, 2015
Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation
Authors: Bhatt Aashish D. , Goodwin Nicole , Cash Elizabeth , Bhatt Geetika , Silverman Craig L. , Spanos William J. , Bumpous Jeffrey M. , Potts Kevin , Redman Rebecca , Allison Wes A. , Dunlap Neal E.
Published: April 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (TNMES) therapy in maintaining swallowing function during chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively compared 43 consecutive patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with TNMES (treatment group) to 55 control patients. Validated swallowing scale scores were assigned.

Results

All patients' swallowing scores declined post‐chemoradiotherapy. A difference in mean decline in scores for the control group versus the treatment group using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was seen, favoring TNMES intervention (23% vs 7%; p = .015). Age, race, >10 pack‐years smoking, diabetes, stage, nodal disease, accelerated fractionation, weight loss, dietary modification, no TNMES, and radiotherapy dose were all significant for poorer scores on the swallowing scales.

Conclusion

TNMES should be considered an adjunct to dysphagia reduction and possible prevention in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Further studies should be conducted to define the benefit of TNMES intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1051–1056, 2015
International collaborative validation of intraneural invasion as a prognostic marker in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Amit Moran , Binenbaum Yoav , Trejo–Leider Leonor , Sharma Kanika , Ramer Naomi , Ramer Ilana , Agbetoba Abib , Miles Brett , Yang Xinjie , Lei Delin , Bjørndal Kristine , Godballe Christian , Mücke Thomas , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Eckardt André M. , Copelli Chiara , Sesenna Enrico , Palmer Frank , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal , Gil Ziv
Published: April 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence, pattern of spread, and prognostic correlation of nerve invasion in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Methods

Using 3 different pathological categories of perineural invasion, intraneural invasion, and perineural inflammation, we investigated the prognostic value of nerve invasion in a total of 495 ACCs from 9 international patient cohorts with median follow‐up 90 months (range, 12–288 months).

Results

Of 239 patients (48%) with nerve invasion, 174 (73%) had perineural invasion, 65 (27%) intraneural invasion, and 37 (15%) perineural inflammation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor site (p = .008; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07–3.7) and intraneural invasion (p < .001; HR = 5.9; 95% CI = 0.8–12.3) as independent prognostic markers for both overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS), but not of distant metastases.

Conclusion

Although perineural invasion has no impact on survival, intraneural invasion is an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Recognition of intraneural invasion may help optimize treatment of patients with head and neck ACC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1038–1045, 2015
Synthesis of a Benzannulated Pyrrolizidine by a Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular α‐Arylation Reaction
Authors: Magalhaes Araujo Flavia , Martins Ventura Wellington , Guy Taylor Jason
Published: April 2014

A synthetic route to the pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole ring system (benzannulated pyrrolizidine) involving a base‐induced intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction as the key CN bond‐forming penultimate step, followed by a Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation reaction, to provide the tricyclic framework over six steps is described.
Gelatin Protein‐Mediated Direct Aldol Reaction
Authors: Kühbeck Dennis , Bachl Jürgen , Schön Eva‐Maria , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Díaz Díaz David
Published: April 2014

Gelatin protein was found to catalyze the aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and different aromatic aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The aldol additions carried out in DMSO at 37° yielded the addition products with moderate diastereoselectivities favoring the syn isomers. Appropriate control experiments demonstrated the activity of the protein in the aldol reaction. The kinetic study of the model reaction between 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone established a first‐order rate constant k=(7.4±0.5)×10−3 h−1. Moreover, the scale‐up of the process was successfully achieved at 1‐g scale in a yield comparable to that in small scale.
Reaction of Isonitriles with Dibenzoylacetylene Leading to Furan and Difuropyran Derivatives
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Feizi Shahzad , Shahzad Shirazi Maryam , Zhu Long‐Guan , Reza Bijanzadeh Hamid
Published: April 2014

A mixture of an isocyanide and dibenzoylacetylene in dry CH2Cl2 undergoes a smooth addition reaction at ambient temperature to furnish 3‐[5‐(alkylimino)‐3,4‐dibenzoyl‐2‐phenylfuran‐2(2H)‐yl]‐ 1‐phenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones (1 : 2 adduct) and {2,5‐bis(alkylimino)‐4,7,8a‐triphenyl‐5H‐difuro[2,3‐b:3′,4′‐e]pyran‐3(8aH)‐yl}(phenyl)methanones (2 : 2 adduct). Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses conclusively confirmed the structures of the adducts.
A Spectroscopic Study of Colchicine in the Solid State and in Solution by Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Virgili Albert , Quesada‐Moreno Ma Mar , Avilés‐Moreno Juan Ramón , López‐González Juan Jesús , Ángeles García M. , Claramunt Rosa M. , Torres M. Rosario , Jimeno M. Luisa , Reviriego Felipe , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: April 2014

Although almost 200‐years‐old, several unknown aspects remain to be explored of colchicine, the unique available drug for acute flares of gout. In this article, we report density‐functional theory (DFT) studies of geometry, energy, and NMR; 1H‐, 13C‐, and 15N‐NMR chemical shifts and some spin‐spin coupling constants, including the complete analysis of the saturated part (ring B); the assignment of both enantiomers by NMR using a chiral solvating agent; solid‐state NMR experiments of the different forms of natural and racemic colchicine, and IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) studies of these same forms.
Concerted vs. Non‐Concerted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides to Electron‐Deficient Dialkyl 2,3‐Dicyanobut‐2‐enedioates
Authors: Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Konev Alexander S. , Virtsev Alexander A. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: April 2014

The quantum‐chemical calculations of the thermal ring opening of 1‐methyl‐2,3‐diphenyl‐ and 1,2,3‐triphenylaziridine with formation of the corresponding azomethine ylides of S‐, U‐, and W‐type as well as their cycloaddition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and dimethyl 2,3‐dicyanobut‐2‐enedioate, were performed at the DFT B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory with the PCM solvation model. The calculations are in complete accordance with experimental results and explain the switch from the concerted to the non‐concerted pathway depending on substituents in the dipolarophile and the ylide. It was found that strong electron‐withdrawing substituents in dipolarophiles, such as in dialkyl dicyanobutenedioates, significantly reduce the barrier for the formation of zwitterionic intermediates in the reaction of azomethine ylides with such dipoles. This can render the stepwise cycloaddition competitive with the concerted one. However, the concertedness of the cycloaddition even to dipolarophiles with several electron‐withdrawing substituents is governed by a fine balance of electronic and steric effects in both ylide and dipolarophile counterparts. The hypothesis that introduction of substituents in the azomethine ylide that destabilize the positive charge in a corresponding zwitterion will favor the concerted cycloaddition even with dialkyl dicyanobutenedioates was tested theoretically and experimentally.
Appearance of monoclonal plasma cell diseases in whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with parameters of disease activity
Authors: Kloth Jost K. , Hillengass Jens , Listl Karin , Kilk Kerstin , Hielscher Thomas , Landgren Ola , Delorme Stefan , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Weber Marc‐André
Published: April 2014

The aim of our study was to assess in which way different infiltration patterns of monoclonal plasma cell diseases in whole‐body (wb) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with clinical stages, plasma cell content in bone marrow samples and established serum markers of disease activity. Institutional review board approval was obtained. We performed wb‐MRI in 547 consecutive, unselected and untreated patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 138), smoldering myeloma (SMM, n = 157) and multiple myeloma (MM, n = 252) on two 1.5 T MRI‐scanners with body array coils. The studies were evaluated in consensus by two experienced radiologists blinded to the diagnosis. We observed focal lesions in 23.9% (MGUS), 34.4% (SMM) and 81.3% (MM), respectively. A diffuse infiltration pattern was detected in 38.4%, 45.9% and 71%, respectively. The differences between all infiltration patterns were significant (p < 0.0001). The presence of focal lesions and the presence of a diffuse bone marrow infiltration was associated with an increased plasma cell percentage in bone marrow samples (median 22% vs. 14%, 26% vs. 10%, both p < 0.0001) and monoclonal protein concentration (median 18 g/dl vs. 13 g/dl, p = 0.003, 20 g/dl vs. 11 g/dl, p < 0.0001). Further categorization of the diffuse infiltration patterns in wb‐MRI into “salt‐and‐pepper,” moderate and severe identified significant associations with M‐protein (median g/dl for S+P/moderate/severe 23/18/25, p = 0.04), plasma cell percentage in the bone marrow (median 25%/24%/40%, p = 0.02), and age (median years 67/60/57, p < 0.0001). Bone marrow infiltration in wb‐MRI is significantly different between the various stages of plasma cell disease and correlates well with established markers of disease activity.
The ROR1 pseudokinase diversifies signaling outputs in MET‐addicted cancer cells
Authors: Gentile Alessandra , Lazzari Luca , Benvenuti Silvia , Trusolino Livio , Comoglio Paolo Maria
Published: April 2014

MET is a master gene controlling a genetic program driving proliferation, apoptosis protection and invasion. The ROR1 pseudokinase acts as a MET substrate. However, its contribution to MET signaling and MET‐dependent biological outcomes remains to be elucidated. By structure‐function analysis of ROR1 mutants, we show that ROR1 encompasses two major substrate regions: one is located in the proline‐rich domain and is directly phosphorylated by MET; the other resides in the pseudokinase domain and is phosphorylated through intermediate activation of SRC. Differential phosphorylation of these two regions dictates the execution of specific responses: phosphorylation of the ROR1 proline‐rich domain by MET—but not phosphorylation of the pseudokinase domain by SRC—is necessary and sufficient to control MET‐driven proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Differently, both the proline‐rich and the pseudokinase domains mediate cell invasion. Consistent with the role of ROR1 in specifying the functional consequences of MET‐dependent signals, ROR1 silencing leads to selective attenuation of only some of the signal transduction pathways sustained by MET. These data enlighten the so far elusive function(s) of pseudokinases and identify a mechanism of biological diversification, based on substrate specificity of oncogenic kinases.
Transient state imaging of live cells using single plane illumination and arbitrary duty cycle excitation pulse trains
Authors: Mücksch Jonas , Spielmann Thiemo , Sisamakis Evangelos , Widengren Jerker
Published: April 2014

We demonstrate the applicability of Single Plane Illumination Microscopy to Transient State Imaging (TRAST), offering sensitive microenvironmental information together with optical sectioning and reduced overall excitation light exposure of the specimen. The concept is verified by showing that transition rates can be determined accurately for free dye in solution and that fluorophore transition rates can be resolved pixel‐wise in live cells. Furthermore, we derive a new theoretical framework for analyzing TRAST data acquired with arbitrary duty cycle pulse trains. By this analysis it is possible to reduce the overall measurement time and thereby enhance the frame rates in TRAST imaging. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SENSE OF COMMUNITY, IDENTITY STATUSES, AND LONELINESS IN ADOLESCENCE: A CROSS‐NATIONAL STUDY ON ITALIAN AND BELGIAN YOUTH
Authors: Cicognani Elvira , Klimstra Theo , Goossens Luc
Published: April 2014

The aim of this cross‐national study was to assess the relationships among sense of community (SoC) vis‐à‐vis the residential community (i.e., one's home town), identity formation processes, and feelings of loneliness toward parents and peers. The sample included 431 Italian adolescents (59.4% females) and 221 Belgian (Flemish) adolescents (54.3% females) aged 14–23 years. Results indicate that the more adolescents developed firm and sustained commitments, the more they developed positive feelings toward the residential community. SoC toward the home town is lower among youth in less advanced identity statuses. Parent‐ and peer‐related loneliness differentially predicted Italian and Belgian adolescents’ SoC. Results have significant theoretical and methodological implications for the study of SoC, identity, and loneliness.
STATUS QUO VERSUS STATUS QUAKE: PUTTING THE POWER BACK IN EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Cattaneo Lauren Bennett , Calton Jenna M. , Brodsky Anne E.
Published: April 2014

Empowerment is a compelling concept inside and outside of community psychology, but widespread use has diffused its meaning such that it has come to mean almost any action intended to help a person or community. Consequently, it is difficult to synthesize research or compare programs that emphasize empowerment. We contend that two components of the construct are essential: relevance and power. Drawing on a theoretical model of empowerment, we explain the key connection between these components and social justice, and then explore the degree to which they are included in scholarly and lay applications of empowerment. We found the majority of applications leave out one, the other, or both components. To avoid the danger of not questioning, or worse, strengthening the status quo in the name of empowerment, empowerment needs to be firmly relocated on the bridge between individual and social power and anchored in the priorities of marginalized communities.
ITALIAN VALIDATION OF THE SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTROL SCALE FOR YOUTH (SPCS‐Y)
Authors: Vieno Alessio , Lenzi Michela , Canale Natale , Santinello Massimo
Published: April 2014

The aim of the study is to validate the two‐dimensional structure of the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS‐Y) in a sample of Italian adolescents and to investigate associations of this interpersonal component of psychological empowerment with different measures of psychosocial adjustment. The questionnaires were filled out by a sample of 1,376 (57.6% females; mean age = 17.24, standard deviation = .99) 11th‐ to 13th‐grade students. The two‐dimensional structure of the SPCS‐Y provided a significantly better fit to the data than the one‐factor model in the sample. Furthermore, students high in both leadership competence and policy control were found to be higher in perceived school importance, neighborhood attachment, and community and school participation. The results are consistent with previous studies from other countries and indicate that the SPCS‐Y is a valid instrument to assess sociopolitical control among Italian adolescents and possibly among those from other Mediterranean countries.
FOOD INSECURITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: COMPARISON OF DRUG USING AND NONDRUG‐USING WOMEN AT RISK FOR HIV
Authors: Davey‐Rothwell Melissa A. , Flamm Laura J. , Kassa Hilina T. , Latkin Carl A.
Published: April 2014

Food insecurity has been linked to poor physical and mental health as well as HIV risk behaviors. While prior research has shown that drug users are prone to food insecurity it is unclear if drug use exacerbates the physical and psychosocial consequences. A sample of women who used drugs (DU; specifically heroin and cocaine) and women who did not use drugs (NDU) were examined to determine if the relationship between food insecurity and depression varied by drug use status. Approximately 29% (n = 128) of the total sample experienced food insecurity. DU women were more likely to be food insecure. There were no differences in receiving food stamps. After controlling for demographics and receiving food stamps, a significant association between food insecurity and depression existed for both DU and NDU women. The strength of this association was approximately double for NDU women. The study results suggest that it is critical to integrate mental health, food assistance, and other services.
ME MANDÓ A TRAER: WEAK “STRONG TIES” IN LATINA IMMIGRANTS’ SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza Alejandra , Gonzales Felisa A. , Serrano Adriana , Kaltman Stacey
Published: April 2014

The impact of social capital in immigrant communities is well acknowledged. However, research has heavily relied on quantitative studies and has tended to emphasize its positive impact. There has been a paucity of qualitative research that examines the complex dynamics of accessing support from social networks, especially when it entails family reunification and trauma. Twenty‐eight Latina immigrant women participated in an interview focused on traumatic and stressful experiences that included questions about accessing support from informal networks. Women used the expression “me mandó a traer” (I was brought in) when describing others' involvement in their immigration decision and initial settlement. This expression captured the ambivalence of receiving assistance from relatives or friends and also their challenges accessing support in a context of family reunification, scarce resources, and trauma exposure. This study contributes to the literature on immigrants' individual social capital further expanding a nuanced understanding of family reunification experiences.
SOCIAL REACTIONS TO SEXUAL ASSAULT DISCLOSURE, COPING, PERCEIVED CONTROL, AND PTSD SYMPTOMS IN SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIMS
Authors: Ullman Sarah E. , Peter‐Hagene Liana
Published: April 2014

The social reactions that sexual assault victims receive when they disclose their assault have been found to relate to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Using path analysis and a large sample of sexual assault survivors (N = 1863), we tested whether perceived control, maladaptive coping, and social and individual adaptive coping strategies mediated the relationships between social reactions to disclosure and PTSD symptoms. We found that positive social reactions to assault disclosure predicted greater perceived control over recovery, which in turn was related to less PTSD symptoms. Positive social reactions to assault disclosure were also associated with more adaptive social and individual coping; however, only adaptive social coping predicted PTSD symptoms. Negative social reactions to assault disclosure were related to greater PTSD symptoms both directly and indirectly through maladaptive coping and marginally through lower perceived control over recovery.
Effectiveness of clopidogrel dose escalation to normalize active metabolite exposure and antiplatelet effects in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers
Authors: Horenstein Richard B. , Madabushi Rajnikanth , Zineh Issam , Yerges‐Armstrong Laura M. , Peer Cody J. , Schuck Robert N. , Figg William Douglas , Shuldiner Alan R. , Pacanowski Michael A.
Published: April 2014

Carriers of two copies of the loss‐of‐function CYP2C19*2 variant convert less clopidogrel into its active metabolite, resulting in diminished antiplatelet responses and higher cardiovascular event rates. To evaluate whether increasing the daily clopidogrel dose in poor metabolizers (PM) overcomes the effect of the CYP2C19 * 2 variant, we enrolled 18 healthy participants in a genotype‐stratified, multi‐dose, three‐period, fixed‐sequence crossover study. Six participants with the *1/*1 extensive (EM), *1/*2 intermediate (IM), and *2/*2 poor metabolizer genotypes each received 75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg each for 8 days. In each period, maximal platelet aggregation 4 hours post‐dose (MPA4) and active metabolite area under the curve (AUC) differed among genotype groups (P < .05 for all). At day 8, PMs needed 300 mg daily and IMs needed 150 mg daily to attain a similar MPA4 as EMs on the 75 mg dose (32.6%, 33.2%, 31.3%, respectively). Similarly, PMs needed 300 mg daily to achieve active metabolite concentrations that were similar to EMs on 75 mg (AUC 37.7 and 33.5 ng h/mL, respectively). These results suggest that quadrupling the usual clopidogrel dose might be necessary to overcome the effect of poor CYP2C19 metabolism.
Tropical cyclone formation and motion in the Mozambique Channel
Authors: Matyas Corene J.
Published: April 2014

Although tropical cyclones (TCs) forming in the Mozambique Channel are relatively close to land and have affected vulnerable populations, few studies specifically examine these storms. This study analysed formation frequency and location and storm motion during 1948–2010. A geographic information system was employed to calculate storm trajectory and determine whether or not landfall occurred. Reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR were examined to identify environmental conditions such as 500 hPa geopotential heights and precipitable water. Nonparametric statistical tests explored relationships between these conditions, TC attributes, and four teleconnections known to influence circulation patterns in the greater Southwest Indian Ocean: the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Subtropical Dipole (IOSD), Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Results show that 94 TCs formed in the channel, with approximately 50% making landfall. Formation frequency varied under different phases of the SAM, IOSD, and MJO. Findings differed when the study period was divided into half, suggesting that inclusion of data prior to 1979 be interpreted cautiously. During the second period, formation tended to occur in the northern (southern) portion of the channel when the IOSD and SAM were negative (positive). The MJO and SAM were associated with differences in precipitable water values, while the MJO and IOSD were associated with track curvature. Geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa varied under the three phases of ENSO.
Contribution of East Indian Ocean SSTA to Western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity under El Niño/La Niña conditions
Authors: Ha Yao , Zhong Zhong , Yang Xiuqun , Sun Yuan
Published: April 2014

This study investigates, under El Niño/La Niña conditions, the effects of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the East Indian Ocean (EIO) on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP), and a possible mechanism is proposed. It is found that the EIO SSTA exerts a secondary modulation to cyclogenesis relative to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the negative correlation between the EIO SSTA and WNP TC frequency is significantly weakened by the ENSO events. Under El Niño (La Niña) conditions, no matter what phases of EIO SSTA, TC genesis generally shows similar features with low (high) frequency in the western‐central WNP (15°–25°N, 120°–150°E) and high (low) frequency in the southeastern WNP (5°–15°N, 150°–170°E). In particular, the effects of warm EIO SSTA on the WNP TC activity represent an asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña. That is, the warm EIO SSTA and El Niño share combined effects to decrease TC genesis over the western‐central WNP. By contrast, under La Niña conditions, the influence of warm EIO SSTA on TC activity over the western‐central WNP is partially drown out by La Niña. Meanwhile, weaker monsoon trough with intense anomaly of easterly jointly induced by the two factors suppresses TC genesis over the southeastern WNP.
The climatological relationship between tropical cyclones in the southwest Pacific and the southern annular mode
Authors: Diamond H. J. , Renwick J. A.
Published: April 2014

In this study, we focus on possible climatological relationships between southwest Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) activity and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and ENSO, at both interannual and synoptic time‐scales. The investigation focuses on TC seasonal characteristics (e.g. cyclogenesis, track characteristics, extratropical transition, and intensity) as modulated according to the polarity of the SAM and ENSO. At synoptic time‐scales, we also look at possible triggers of TC cyclogenesis in the SAM signal up to 20 days in advance. The physical basis for this relationship is assessed using a number of different gridded data fields. During seasons characterized by positive phases of SAM and both positive and negative Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) values, there is an increased frequency of TCs undergoing extratropical transition near New Zealand. At synoptic time‐scales, we found an interesting yet inconclusive relationship between the SAM and tropical cyclogenesis during SOI positive seasons. While statistically significant, there is no clear physical mechanism linking the mid‐latitude SAM phenomenon to the genesis of TCs. In summary, the results show a clear interannual climatological relationship between an increased frequency of TCs undergoing extratropical transition near New Zealand and the positive phase of SAM.