bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood disaster mitigation on road sections: Optimizing performance by implementing traffic engineering management
Authors: Puspa Jayanti Erviela , Sarjana Sri , Karyanto Yudi , Oktosatrio Suhendro , Gogo Mulia Farel
Published: January 2025

Flood disaster mitigation efforts are carried out through traffic engineering management to reduce the negative impacts of flooding on the community and infrastructure, where these efforts require a comprehensive disaster management plan and involve cooperation between the government, traffic authorities, emergency services and the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the traffic engineering scenario that can reduce congestion and improve traffic performance during floods. This study analyzes the road network in Gedebage District and Ujung Berung City which are affected by floods under normal conditions, flood conditions (do-nothing), and conditions when the traffic engineering scenario is applied (do-something) by developing an origin-destination matrix formed using the Furness method, traffic modelling using PTV Visum and traffic performance analyzed using the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines method. The results of the study indicate that there is an increase in traffic performance during floods with the implementation of do-something scenario 2. The study recommends that stakeholders implement flood disaster mitigation by providing information on mapping flood-prone areas, early warning systems, information on evacuation routes and emergency routes, and alternative routes.
National road cliff protection analysis in Malibau Anai after Anai River flood, West Sumatra
Authors: Istijono Bambang , Yuhendra Rahmad , Thariqjabbar Hape Muhammad , Mahdi  , Dodi Arian , Al Giffari Muhammad , Hakam Abdul , Martanto Adji Bayu , Menghoung Seng
Published: January 2025

Scouring of the riverbed can lead to landslides and erosion of the river bank. Landslides on river cliffs are a type of slope failure caused by the swift flow of rivers which can be worse during flash floods events. In this discussion, cliff protection is analyzed at the location 0°29'36 “S 100°20'20” E on the Padang- Bukittinggi national road, which suffered significant damage due to the Anai River flood. With a road elevation of +373 m and a river bed elevation of +317 m, the 56 m high escarpment, which is only 3 m from the edge of the national road, is highly vulnerable to erosion and landslides. This study used field surveys for geotechnical measurements, and hydrological analysis to assess the stability of the cliff and the effectiveness of proposed protection measures, such as reducing river flow velocity, shifting the road, and improving drainage channels. The results show that although natural protection methods have shown positive results, they are insufficient and ineffective when facing of large flood pressures. Recommendations for improvement include the construction of ground-sills and flow diverters in the Anai River, road drainage, planting stronger vegetation, shifting the road body, and regular monitoring.
A conceptual framework of implementing lean communication for building back better in the post-disaster housing reconstruction
Authors: Lalan Helny , Suraji Akhmad , Ophiyandri Taufika , Hidayat Benny
Published: January 2025

In the aftermath of disasters, effective communication plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient and sustainable housing reconstruction efforts. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to explore the application of lean communication principles in the context of post-disaster housing reconstruction. The framework integrates theories from lean management studies and communication to enhance our understanding of how lean principles can optimize communication processes among stakeholders involved in housing reconstruction. By adopting a qualitative approach, this study aims to develop a framework to identify key communication challenges and opportunities and to examine existing practices for implementing lean communication strategies to achieve the goal of building back better. The theoretical contribution of this framework lies in its potential to inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers about the importance of lean communication in promoting resilience and sustainability in post-disaster housing reconstruction initiatives.
Scrutinizing the representations of flood disaster imagery in Emile Zola’s work
Authors: Ferdinal Ferdinal , Oktavianus Oktavianus , Djusmalinar
Published: January 2025

Educators, researchers, and scientists from various fields, including literary critics, are striving to address the impacts of climate change and disasters on human beings, as depicted in Emile Zola's work "The Flood," which illustrates human vulnerability amidst natural disasters. This research aims to explore the use of flood imagery by Emile Zola in his short story “The Flood,” highlighting the main themes and narrative of the story. The method used is an in-depth analysis of the images employed by Zola, including the depiction of the rising floodwaters and the chaos following the disaster, as well as the symbolic meanings behind these images. Research results show that Zola sharply captures the psychological warfare and emotional state of humans when facing destruction caused by natural disasters. The implications of this research indicate that the disaster imagery used by Zola plays a crucial role in enriching the narrative and provoking readers’ reflections on the relationship between humans and the uncontrollable forces of nature.
Traditional Minangkabau disaster mitigation in the Semangko Fault in West Sumatra based on ecological site myths
Authors: Anwar Khairil , Khallifhatul Khanh Varhanno , Qurratu Ayuni Khanh Vitrya , Narny Yenny
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses traditional Minangkabau disaster mitigation based on the myths of Minangkabau ecological sites located in the Semangko Fault area in West Sumatra. Traditional communities believe in myths as a force that guides their relationship with ecological sites. Natural signs conveyed in myths serve as guidelines for the community in disaster mitigation. This belief has the consequence that the community must adhere to it. Myths may deviate from beliefs to the superstructure and, vice versa, originate from conventions so that they become superstructure. Therefore, through a qualitative study, myths related to ecological sites and their meanings are documented about community disaster mitigation in the Semangko Fault area. The analysis was conducted using the perspective of cultural materialism. It was found that myths are the superstructure of ecological sites that regulate human interaction with the environment; myths embody past local experiences of natural disaster events; myths become a reference for disaster mitigation management that is familiar in local communities. Recommendations in disaster management should consider myths in disaster mitigation.
Groundwater utilization and its environmental sustainability in coastal aquifers of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
Authors: M C Jayaprakash , Ekaputra Rinaldi , Channabasappa K.
Published: January 2025

Water is one among the foremost precious of natural resources. In many regions of the world, the pressures of economic development are creating a surface water scarcity. Study of groundwater sustainability– like to remind people that most of the world’s available freshwater is stored underground. The best institutional set up for any country depends on its system of government, its climatic and hydrological context and its social and economic circumstances. Groundwater resources to meet current and future beneficial uses without causing unacceptable environmental or socioeconomic consequences. The methods that promote the wise use of groundwater supplies, is need to determine strategies that promote groundwater sustainability. Groundwater users have not generally had to pay anything like “full economic cost” for groundwater use, nor have groundwater polluters had to pay for clean-up of their contamination. Thus, this study aims to determine the strategies that promote ground-water sustainability and groundwater resources to meet present and future beneficial uses without causing un-desirable environmental or socioeconomic consequences.
State policy for managing seismic territories in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kangalakova Dana , Satpayeva Zaira , Kangalakov Kanat
Published: January 2025

Despite the relatively small number of destructive earthquakes in modern times, their numerous faults mean that the danger of earthquakes is still high. The purpose of the study is to study the chronology of the earthquake in the territory of Kazakhstan and its consequences, as well as to identify the features of the state governance system for seismic activity in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methods intended to analyze historical facts and describe public policies, as well as visualize maps of tectonic plates in the Almaty city were used in this study. The results showed that the most seismic zone in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the Almaty city, located on 27 tectonic plates. The Almaty city was twice subjected to devastating earthquakes; therefore, the recurrence rate of destructive earthquakes is high. In this regard, an effective earthquake mitigation policy is required to minimize damage. Besides, this study describes the state seismology governance system in Kazakhstan. The study results can be the basis for the development of comprehensive measures intended to reduce the destructive consequences for seismically active zones.
Rapid modeling of catastrophic floods: A case study of the Padang flood on July 14, 2023
Authors: Rizky Ramadhan Yanuar , Ari Putro Dennish
Published: January 2025

This study presents a rapid flood modeling approach for catastrophic flood events in Padang City on July 14, 2023. Floods pose significant risks to urban areas, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and climate change. This research provides a solution to the urgent need for quickly and accurately flood mapping, crucial for effective disaster response and mitigation. Various data such as Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil types, and land use were employed in this study. The modeling process involved DEM conditioning, bias correction of rainfall, defining the model domain using the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and applying hydrological and hydrodynamic models. Model verification was conducted using flood location and depth data collected from mass media and social media, showing that the model achieved 77.8% accuracy in mapping inundated areas, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of flood depth at 38.093 and 27.584, before the model was calibrated. The calibration process significantly improved the model’s accuracy.
Automatic flood barrier system: An approach for detection and control of storm water overflow during flood
Authors: M C Jayaprakash , Krishna Shastri C Sri , Ekaputra Rinaldi
Published: January 2025

Flooding is one of the major disasters occurring in various parts of the world. Due to the high density of buildings, flash floods are prevalent in cities. In such scenarios, there is a possibility of a drainage overflow. Therefore, implementation of an intelligent analysis of drainage leakage detection during flood using sensors are necessitated for the field of research in disaster management. The growth of Indian economy has largely affected due to flash floods. Unplanned urbanization also has a huge impact on drainage and garbage disposal system. Overflow of drainage water has become the common problem that one living in the cities usually face. To minimize the effect of drainage overflow and to alert the drainage overflow system, the paper proposes an automated mechanism. The proposed system is developed with ultrasonic sensor fitted with microcontroller to detect the overflow in the drainage system and sends an early alert warning message to the concerned authorities to take preventive measures. The implementation of proposed system at large scale will surely help to tackle the flood related issues at a larger extent.
Characteristics of disease in children at earthquake evacuation camps in West Pasaman Regency and Pasaman Regency in 2022
Authors: Arsyad As Siddiqi Abdurrahman , Ihsan Indra
Published: January 2025

Extraordinary occurrences of infectious diseases may occur when earthquakes result in large population movements to unplanned and overcrowded shelters with limited access to safe food and water sources. An earthquake with a magnitude 6.1 shook West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, on Friday (2/25/2022). Many disaster victims sleep in open areas so that they are exposed to dust, heat, and poor hygiene. Method: A descriptive study conducted retrospectively from pediatric patient data who came to health facility tents in refugee camps in West Pasaman and Pasaman Regency, collected from February 2022 to April 2022. The total number of visits was 247 pediatric patients. Air-borne disease suffered by 78.5%, followed by food and water-borne diseases (13%) and vector related disease (2.8%). Acute respiratory infection is the most common disease suffered by 184 cases (74.4%) followed by acute diarrhea (5.2%). There were also 8 cases of measles that were potential for outbreaks infectious diseases. Airborne disease is the most common disease suffered by refugees, followed by food-water borne and vector related disease. The availability of complete data on diseases can facilitate the implementation of optimal health services and help prevent the occurrence of outbreaks among disaster victims.
Landscape lexical diversity for readability and safety mitigation on the commuter line bilingual information board
Authors: Nuruz Zaman Mochamad , Supriatnoko  , Naufal Alhilmy Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This study examines lexical diversity and readability of bilingual information boards on the Commuter Line Tanah Abang-Rangkasbitung in Indonesia, with a focus on their impact on passenger safety. It is motivated by observed discrepancies in translations, which could compromise clarity and effectiveness of public signage. The primary objective is to analyze lexical diversity and assess the readability of these translations using theoretical frameworks from Nida and Taber (2003), Newmark (1988), and Venuti (2012). The study employs a qualitative descriptive research design with Spradley’s Ethnographical Approach, focusing on the Green Ring Route, which encompasses 19 CL stations. Data were collected through direct observation, photographic documentation, and field notes and analyzed using domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme. The findings reveal significant variation in readability levels, influenced by the translation techniques used. High readability was found in translations employing Literal Translation and Established Equivalent techniques, while medium and low readability were associated with Borrowing, Modulation, and Amplification techniques. These findings underscore the need for consistent, culturally relevant translation practices to ensure effective communication and passenger safety. The study concludes by recommending regular usability testing, feedback integration, and use of technology to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of bilingual signage in public transportation.
Environmental consciousness, health consciousness and ethical identity to achieve sustainable rehabilitation after disaster
Authors: Setiawan Margareth , Sadeli Dian , Hajar Mohamad Siti
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of environmental consciousness, health consciousness, and ethical identity on fostering sustainable restoration following disasters. As global environmental and health challenges escalate, the incorporation of sustainable practices is imperative not just in daily consumption but also in post-disaster recovery initiatives. This study investigates the impact of individual and community awareness in these three domains on the sustainable rehabilitation of impacted areas. This study utilizes a dataset of 200 respondents from Indonesia and implements Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the influence of consciousness elements on sustainability consciousness, essential for long-term rehabilitation. Research indicates that health and environmental consciousness significantly influence sustainability consciousness, while ethical identity does not demonstrate a considerable effect. The study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating environmental and health consciousness into disaster recovery efforts, offering pragmatic insights for politicians and humanitarian organizations to promote sustainable rehabilitation practices.
The preparation of complementary food for breastmilk after the earthquake in Malampah, Pasaman Districts, West Sumatra Province in 2022
Authors: Lestari Dya Mulya , Masnadi Nice Rachmawati
Published: January 2025

A seismic event of 6.2 magnitude occurred on February 25, 2022, causing significant earthquake in West Pasaman Regency and Pasaman Regency. It is evident that children under the age of five constitute the second biggest group of refugees Toddlers who do not get fed properly and are in an environment with poor sanitation can be threatened by various diseases. Implementing regular supplemental feeding techniques in catastrophe settings is a crucial strategy for improving children’s nutritional condition. This paper is based on several literature studies that refer to several literatures. Access to facilities and infrastructure influences disaster food assistance. Public kitchens were quickly created in West Pasaman, especially Pasaman District, after the earthquake. Lack of potable water and four-wheeled vehicle access restricted camp food production. Food from PERSAGI and contributors is distributed in Puskesmas Ladang Panjang Malampah. Even in emergencies, typical supplementary meals can be provided. In disasters, primary carers or parents require help governing complementary food provision based on clean water, convenient cooking facilities, diversified food items, or home-cooked, local-culture complementary meals. In addition to facility support, health workers must teach parents about standardised supplementary meals and give them confidence to offer them in emergencies
Lahar floods in West Sumatra during the Dutch colonial era: Historical records and societal impact
Authors: Narny Yenny , Rahayu Putri Febriani , Cribb Robert , Denny  , Pratika Sari Dewi , Siskha Sari Elvia , Anas Ismail Febrin , Anwar Khairil , Aziz Nasta Abdul , Yuliardi Yozi
Published: January 2025

This research explores documents and archives regarding lahar floods in West Sumatra during the Dutch colonial period. These records are crucial amid difficulties in obtaining historical statistical data to study similar past disasters. The research method used is historical, integrating information from Dutch colonial documents and archives such as newspapers, magazines, diaries (dagh register), government reports, and contemporary books, particularly those discussing societal conditions and Dutch government policies in handling various lahar flood events in West Sumatra during that period. This study is expected to provide new insights for the development of disaster studies and facilitate historical disaster studies in other Indonesian regions that are also prone to natural disasters.
Preliminary study site characterization using HVSR microtremor in West Bandung Basin
Authors: Fitri Yulianto Gita , Saimima Wakano Qashdina , Widi Santoso Eko , Ridwan Mohamad , Santoso Budy
Published: January 2025

Site characteristic become crucial factor in seismic hazard assessment correspond to the site response of earthquake motions. This study investigates site characterization in the western part of the Bandung Basin using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method. HVSR analysis was applied to the Rayleigh wave microtremor data that was conducted at observation sites i.e: Baros, Cibeber, Batujajar, and Giriasih. The analysis results revealed some soil parameters i.e: dominant period (Td) values ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 seconds, S-wave velocity structure down to a depth of 30 (Vs30) in a range of 173.25 m/s in Cibeber to the highest was 281.76 m/s in Baros. The result of Vs30 analysis were used to classify local site which is Baros site can be classified into the stiff soil (SD) category, Cibeber and Batujajar belong to the soft soil (SC) category, and Giriasih is classified as very soft soil (SE). The findings of this study provide valuable information for seismic hazard assessment, seismic site classification, and earthquake-resistant structural design in the western part of the Bandung Basin.
Cultural disaster: A threat to the preservation of Minangkabau culture
Authors: Oktavianus Oktavianus , Nopriyasman Nopriyasman , Zahid Indirawati
Published: January 2025

Culture is something essential and a marker of the identity of an ethnic group. Therefore, culture must always be part of human life. However, due to various factors, the culture of a tribe is often neglected and which lead to cultural disasters. In this regard, this study examined cultural disaster in Minangkabau. The study used a qualitative and quantitative approach. The respondents were the younger generation of Minangkabau who were studying at university. Discussions with cultural figures, religious leaders, educators, and community leaders were also conducted to know their perspectives on cultural disasters. The study results showed that there has indeed been a shift in Minangkabau cultural values which could lead to a cultural disaster. The lack of instilling cultural values and the ignorance of the collective awareness regarding the importance of knowledge and implementation of cultural values lead to a cultural disaster. The result of the study indicated a potential threat of a cultural disaster in Minangkabau, as indicated by the lack of basic knowledge of the young generation about cultural values in Minangkabau expressions, kinship terms, traditional arts, and culinary. The learning process of Minangkabau cultures can be one of the ways to anticipate the Minangkabau cultural disaster.
Design of MSE Wall with geotextile reinforcement for temporary mitigation of landslide in Padang Panjang – Sicincin road section (STA 64+100)
Authors: Saddam Muhammad , Azwin  , Anggraini Vivi , Yuliet Rina
Published: January 2025

The Padang Panjang - Sicincin roads section was cut off due to a flash flood on Saturday, 11 May 2024. This caused a landslide in the area resulting in the national road access being cut off, and traffic flow was forced to be diverted to several alternative routes. The study aims to obtain the total length of geotextile at any depth (L), the vertical spacing of the layers (Sv), and the lap length (l1) in MSE wall heights at STA 64 + 100. The computation method for external and internal stability (pull out and break), uses the Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). From the calculation results for the effective height (He) of the MSE wall of 8 m, the reinforcement length is 6 m, the embedment depth is 0.6 m, the vertical spacing (Sv) is 0.8 m from the internal stability, and the fold length (l1) is 1 m. The design results obtained MSE wall dimensions that are safe for external and internal stability. These dimensions can be used for temporary landslide handling but not long-term. For long-term stability, adding facing elements like secant piles, cantilever walls, and other forms is recommended to avoid erosion due to river water flow.
A conceptual framework for the process protocol of integration quality, safety, health and sustainable construction management systems for infrastructure projects in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Arman Utami , Suraji Akhmad , Hidayat Benny
Published: January 2025

Construction accidents on infrastructure projects in Indonesia from 2017-2021 have increased by 5.65% from previous years. Construction accidents that result in property damage, death or injury to both workers and the public, pollution and environmental damage cause sustainable development goals not to be achieved. Construction accidents are not only focused on the impacts, but it is necessary to explore how the incident occurred. This is the basis for the need to integrate quality, safety, health and sustainability in construction. The current construction safety management system is not yet integrated with other management systems. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework in the process of integrating construction quality, safety, health and sustainability management systems. Development of a conceptual framework based on literature review, ISO standards and existing construction safety planning guidelines. The development of this conceptual framework is part of a research proposal that is being formulated to develop a process protocol for integrating process of construction quality, safety, health and sustainability management systems in infrastructure projects. This process protocol can simplify the complexity and overlapping of the processes of each management system so that it is easier to understand and to implement by all project stakeholders.
Pre-chewing of infant food – expectations towards an old, traditional
feeding habit for potential allergy prevention
Authors: Meixner Lara , Kalb Birgit , Schnadt Sabine , Sturmfels Meral , Blumchen Katharina , Beyer Kirsten , Ahrens Birgit
Published: January 2025

Premastication is a traditional feeding method whereby
solids are pre-chewed by the mother or sometimes by other relatives and then
given to the infant along with the oral microbiota. The aim of this study
was to assess if premastication is known or performed among the German
population as well as to evaluate the expectations regarding this feeding
method, particularly in the context of allergy prevention.

Two surveys about premastication were conducted. For the
survey of the “general population (GP)” 10,000 participants (18 to 65 years
old) were randomly selected from the official population register of Berlin.
The survey of the “selected population (SP)” was conducted by the patient
organization German Allergy and Asthma Association (DAAB).

526 people from the GP and 220 participants from the SP
completed the questionnaire. 15.3% (n=114) of all respondents had previously
heard of premastication, 1.5% (n=7/455) of the people with children reported
that they have performed premastication for their child. 42.8% (n=225) of
the GP as well as 36.4% (n=80) of the SP could imagine performing
premastication for their future child or grandchild. 59.3% (n=312) of the GP
stated that they at least partially think premastication may help to prevent
the development of allergies.

Premastication appears to be barely known and practiced
among the German population. However, a considerable proportion of
participants would consider giving pre-chewed food to their infant. A high
rate of respondents, especially among the GP, believed that premastication
may have a positive impact on the prevention of allergies.
Ein praxisnahes PJ-Logbuch in digitaler Form: Erfahrungen aus einem Pilotprojekt
Authors: Meyer Frank , Wippermann Jens , Wacker Max , Awad George , Scherner Maximilian , Fakundiny Bastian , Walles Thorsten , Choritz Lars , Hansen Michael , Cukaz Hatice , Herrmann Tim , Helm André
Published: January 2025

Digitale Lehrinhalte sind nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund der für 2025 geplanten Reform der humanmedizinischen Approbationsordnung gefordert und im Trend. Im Rahmen eines Pilotprojektes haben wir ein Logbuch für Studierende im „Praktischen Jahr“ (PJ) digitalisiert und evaluiert.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das digitale und nicht digitale PJ-Logbuch zu evaluieren.

Basierend auf einem gedruckten PJ-Logbuch wurde ein digitales PJ-Logbuch als Web-App entwickelt. Die Umsetzung erfolgte mit dem kommerziellen Enterprise-Wissensmanagementsystem Confluence (Atlassian Corporation, Sydney, Australien), das responsives Design, Anbindung an das Nutzerverzeichnis der Universität und Integration des Corporate Designs ermöglicht. Die Zufriedenheit der Studierenden (n = 34) wurde mit Fragebogen und einer 5-stufigen Likert-Skala bewertet. Zudem bewerteten die Studierenden vor (n = 49) und nach (n = 34) Einführung des digitalen Logbuches ihre Fähigkeiten zu Beginn und Ende des Tertials mit Schulnoten.

Die Mehrzahl der Studierenden schätzte das digitale Logbuch als intuitiv bedienbar und sinnvolle Ergänzung ein. Im stationären Bereich zeigte sich nach Einführung des digitalen Logbuches eine signifikante Verbesserung der selbst eingeschätzten Fähigkeiten um 0,73 Schulnoten zu Beginn (p < 0,001) und um 0,78 Schulnoten zum Ende des Tertials (p < 0,001). Im OP-Bereich zeigte sich lediglich zu Beginn des Tertials eine signifikante Verbesserung um 0,47 Schulnoten (p = 0,027).

Die Evaluation zeigt, dass das digitale PJ-Logbuch bei Studierenden „gut ankommt“, angenommen und akzeptiert wird. Die beobachtete Zunahme der Handlungssicherheit könnte auf die Einführung des digitalen Logbuches und dessen Inhalte zurückzuführen sein, auch wenn andere Faktoren, wie z. B. das Engagement der Lehrenden, nicht ausgeschlossen werden können. Zukünftige Modifikationen sind geplant, um das Logbuch sukzessive zu optimieren und Alltagsanforderungen gemäß noch attraktiver zu machen.
"Assessing the Effect of a Mobile Application on Cancer Risk Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study Design"
Authors: Westerlinck Philippe , Maes Nathalie , Coucke Philippe
Published: January 2025

Background: The "Cancer Risk Calculator” mobile application aims to inform patients about their personal risks of cancer and their risk factors influencingsaid risks. The present analysis examines the responses to a questionnaire submitted by oncology patients treated with radiotherapy or their family members.
Objective: The primary objective was to determine the effectof the app on the user's awareness and potential habit changes related to cancer risk. Further, the study aimed to discern any relationships between respondent characteristics and their questionnaire responses.
Methods: A total of 162 patients were included in the analysis. Each patient's dataset comprised gender, date of birth, entry date, respondent type, type of cancer, and responses to 12 application-related questions. Statistical methods such as multiple regression models were employed to identify any effects of the respondent's characteristics on their responses. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Responding to the survey questions, 67.1% of respondents found the application useful, and 63.4% reported learning something new. More than half (52.5%) indicated a willingness to change their habits based on the information provided. Respondents also indicated that they were surprised by the number of risk factors shaping their risks and the large influence of some of these risk factors. Variables such as breast cancer diagnosis (p=0.044) and age (p=0.049) influenced specific question responses.
Conclusions: The "Cancer Risk Calculator” app appears to have a significant utility in educating its users about cancer risk and potentially influencing habit change.
Complete Hearing Recovery after Retrosigmoid Resection of Jugular Foramen Schwannoma with Concurrent Ipsilateral Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Kanaris Achilles A. , Hac Nicholas E.F. , Magill Stephen T. , Zhan Kevin Y.
Published: January 2025

Introduction Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors frequently present with hearing loss, which influences whether a hearing-preservation versus hearing ablative surgical approach is chosen. We discuss a case of complete hearing recovery after resection of a jugular foramen schwannoma (JFS) in a patient who also had a small intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Case A 46-year-old woman presented with left ear fullness, tinnitus, and imbalance for 9 months. She had no lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Audiometry demonstrated Class D hearing with 4% word recognition on the left. Vestibular testing showed absent caloric response on the left and subtle central findings. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left 3.3-cm JFS and separate left 1-cm intracanalicular VS. A retrosigmoid approach was performed for a radical subtotal resection of the JFS, relieving the mass effect on the vestibulocochlear nerve. The small intracanalicular VS was not manipulated. Pathology confirmed schwannoma with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) mutation in the tumor but normal NF2 germline. Postoperative audiometry at 6 weeks showed normal audiometric thresholds with 100% discrimination. Subtle left caloric response was noted on postoperative vestibular testing and central oculomotor findings improved.

Discussion The presented case describes the management of concurrent ipsilateral VS and JFS in the absence of NF2 and demonstrates a unique complete and rapid recovery of hearing following JFS resection without manipulation of concurrent VS. This case supports the use of a hearing-preservation approach in similar cases and corroborates previous reports of hearing recovery following resection of non-VS CPA tumors with hearing-preservation approaches.
Exploiting the Impact of Sociodemographics in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Tumors in Childhood
Authors: Leroy Marcela Yasmin , Lopes Luiz Fernando , Faria Raniela Ferreira , Faria Thaissa Maria Veiga , Prado Denise Leonardi Queiroz , Hirai Welinton Yoshio , Mançano Bruna Minniti
Published: January 2025

Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood, comprising 20% of all neoplasms in that age. Besides, they constitute the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality among childhood tumors, and about two thirds of the surviving patients have sequelae. The build-up of sequelae due to neoplastic growth is directly related with the time until diagnosis. Therefore, late diagnosis has a negative influence on the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the journey of the pediatric patients with CNS tumors and their families to the reference center.

Materials and Methods The present is a retrospective, prospective cohort study based on chart analyses and questionnaire application.

Results The mean age of the patients was 8.39 years, most were male (58%), white (56%), and originated from the Southeast of Brazil (56%). A total of 83% of the patients were accompanied by their mothers, and the family income obtained was below 3 minimum wages (20%). The average time until perception of the first signs or symptoms was 48 days, the mean time from symptom perception until the first medical appointment was 30 days, and the mean time between the first medical appointment and referral to Hospital de Amor Infantojuvenil de Barretos was 315 days. The most frequently present signs and symptoms were neurological manifestations (72%), such as headaches (14.8%) and projectile vomiting (6.5%). There was an association between the medical service (public or private service) where the first medical appointment took place and the first medical specialty consulted, although it did not relate to a shorter time until diagnosis.

Conclusion The difficulties in the journey of CNS tumor pediatric patients occurred mainly due to health system flaws and medical professionals' hardships. Thus, it is essential to reinforce the importance of continued medical education and to encourage new studies that may reveal precisely where these system flaws are taking place.
Dynamics of implosion, bounce, and re-implosion of a shell directly driven by a time-shaped laser pulse
Authors: Barbato F. , Savino L. , Schiavi A. , Bishel D. T. , Goncharov V. N. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Shah R. C. , Smith E. A. , Theobald W. , Chin D. A. , Atzeni S.
Published: January 2025

Gas-filled plastic spherical shells have been imploded using the 60-beam OMEGA laser. The same laser pulse was used as in a previous experiment, which demonstrated the dynamic formation of a shell by irradiating a homogeneous plastic foam sphere [Igumenshchev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 015102 (2023)]. In the present experiment, the shell initially implodes, bounces, and expands; a new shell then forms and undergoes a second implosion. Analysis of x-ray self-emission-streaked images and sequences of 2D x-ray self-emission framing camera images show shell evolution that is in reasonable agreement with 1D simulations. Shell integrity and symmetry are well maintained until the formation of the new shell. The final implosion, instead, is affected by substantial asymmetries.
Milk yield and pasture nutrient availability associated with milking order in commercial dairy herds
Authors: Berkhout Monique J. , Auldist Martin J. , Douglas Meaghan L. , Thomson Anna L. , Giri Khageswor , Jacobs Joe L. , Wright Marlie M.
Published: January 2025

Context On pasture-based dairy farms, herd behavioural dynamics result in a milking order that remains consistent over time. Previous research has demonstrated that cows that are consistently early in the milking order routinely access pasture of greater biomass and nutrient density than do later-milked cows, because they access the paddock first. This effect is likely to explain why early cows commonly produce more milk than do later cows. We hypothesised that in commercial dairy herds, milk yield would decline as milking order progressed, and there would be a reduction in pasture mass and nutritive value before the last cows returned to the paddock. Aims This study aimed to validate observations previously demonstrated under controlled experimental conditions, in commercial dairy herds in Gippsland, Victoria. Methods This research was repeated across three commercial farms, with four grazing sessions observed per farm. Cows were milked twice daily, with daily individual milk yields and milking times obtained. Pasture measurements were collected pre-grazing, hourly for the first 3 h of grazing after the morning milking (while cows progressively entered the paddock), and post-grazing after the cows exited the paddock. At each sampling, pasture mass was estimated using a calibrated rising-plate metre, and pasture samples were collected for analyses of nutritive characteristics. Key results Milking order was consistent, and the last cows produced on average 4.7 L/cow.day less milk than did the first cows. As grazing progressed, pasture mass, crude protein concentrations and metabolisable energy declined and fibre concentrations increased. Conclusions This study demonstrated a decrease in pasture mass and nutrient density as grazing progressed. The earliest cows had access to more pasture of higher nutrient density and produced more milk than did later-milked cows. Implications This study validated that the milk yield of cows in commercial herds is influenced by milking order, which is likely to be mediated at least in part by the quantity and nutrient density on offer to earlier versus later-milked cows. Other factors may also influence milking order and milk yield, but these factors were not accounted for in this research. Future research should focus on mitigation strategies to negate this effect by improving nutrient intake of later-milked cows.
Mapping knowledge structure and research frontiers of underwater acoustic tomography: a scientometric study
Authors: Bahreinimotlagh Masoud , Roozbahani Reza , Fayz Chakab Mohammad Amin , Al Sawaf Mohamad Basel , Eftekhari Mortaza , Sajjadi Seyyed Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Context Underwater acoustic tomography (UAT) is a powerful tool for monitoring oceans, seas and inland waters. Aims This study presents a scientometric analysis of UAT and examines future research trends. Methods A comprehensive analysis of 449 Scopus-indexed publications across 135 journals from 1979 to 2023 was conducted to provide an in-depth examination of UAT. Results More than 760 researchers from 18 countries have contributed to UAT research, resulting in ~40 distinct applications (e.g. four-dimensional (3-D + time) measurement of sound speed, temperature and flow velocity, as well as the localisation of autonomous underwater vehicles). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America accounts for nearly 30% of these publications. Four major organisations have provided ~80% of the funding for the UAT research, namely, the US Office of Naval Research (31%), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (25%), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (13%) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (11%). Conclusions Despite its unique capabilities, UAT technique still faces significant challenges to widespread adoption. Implications Overcoming obstacles such as mass production, the development of high-frequency systems (exceeding 60 kHz) for laboratory-scale experiments and the creation of user-friendly software is essential for advancing UAT technology.
Evaluating the utility of environmental DNA for detecting a large Critically Endangered lizard in tropical northern Australia
Authors: Hoffmann Emily P. , Jolly Chris J. , Dawkins Kathryn L. , Dixon Kelly M. , Einoder Luke D. , Gillespie Graeme R. , Murphy Brett P. , von Takach Brenton
Published: January 2025

It can be challenging to reliably detect rare or cryptic species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool for detecting species and is increasingly being used to detect reptiles in terrestrial environments that are costly or difficult to survey or monitor using traditional methods. Here, we trialled eDNA metabarcoding to detect one of Australia’s most threatened and least known reptile species, the Arnhem rock skink (Bellatorias obiri). At the only site where they were known to persist, we sampled soil from 12 rock crevices, including four with high levels of activity of the target species, as well as water from three adjacent pools. We were unable to identify DNA of B. obiri in any of the soil or water samples, suggesting multiple false-negative errors, despite our successful amplification of B. obiri DNA from an incidental scat sample. We were able to identify 15 non-target vertebrate taxa from our samples. Given that samples were taken from a site where B. obiri was known to be present, the eDNA metabarcoding technique trialled here does not appear to be an effective method for detecting this species. Whilst eDNA metabarcoding is an emerging and powerful tool in ecology and conservation, our pilot study highlights that challenges remain in its application for detecting rare or cryptic terrestrial reptiles.
Crucial role of the cGAS N terminus in mediating flowable and functional cGAS–DNA condensate formation via DNA interactions
Authors: Jiang Zhelin , Shi Fan , Li Juan , Liu Rui , Zhou Jinhua , Zhong Zhensheng , Shi Chaowei , Ma Mingming , Xiang ShengQi , Gao Daxing
Published: January 2025

The DNA-sensing protein cGAS plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response and pathogenesis of various diseases. DNA triggers liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and enhances the enzymatic activity of cGAS. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the disordered N terminus remain unclear. Here, we showed that cGAS
Nterm
, the N-terminal intrinsic disordered region (IDR) of cGAS, modulates the material properties, specifically the flowability, of the condensed phase of cGAS and is required for full enzymatic activity. Full-length cGAS and cGAS
Nterm
form liquid droplets in the presence of DNA, while the cGAS catalytic domain forms gel-like solid aggregates with compromised enzymatic activity. Multiple key amino acids responsible for the cGAS
Nterm
–DNA interaction were identified by NMR spectroscopy as well as other biophysical methods and proven to be critical for the functional LLPS of cGAS both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, cGAS
Nterm
acts in trans to transform the solid aggregates of the cGAS catalytic domain into liquid droplets, subsequently restoring its enzymatic activity. Together, our findings highlight the importance of the IDR of cGAS in LLPS upon DNA stimulation and, more importantly, in modulating the fluidity and permeability of the droplets formed by full-length cGAS, which is crucial for its intact enzymatic activity.
Fungal evasion of
Drosophila
immunity involves blocking the cathepsin-mediated cleavage maturation of the danger-sensing protease
Authors: Tang Guirong , Song Shuangxiu , Shang Junmei , Luo Yujuan , Li Shiqin , Wei Dongxiang , Wang Chengshu
Published: January 2025

Entomopathogenic fungi play a critical role in regulating insect populations, and representative species from the
Metarhizium
and
Beauveria
genera have been developed as eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing agricultural insect pests. Relative to the advances in understanding antifungal immune responses in
Drosophila
, knowledge of how fungi evade insect immune defenses remains limited. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a virulence-required effector Fkp1 in
Metarhizium robertsii
. Library screening and protein pull-down analysis unveiled that Fkp1 targets the cathepsin protease CtsK1 to inhibit its cleavage maturation of the danger-sensing serine protease Persephone (Psh), thereby facilitating fungal evasion of the
Drosophila
immune defenses. The
Fkp1
-like gene is also required in
Beauveria bassiana
for insect infection. Transgenic expression of
Fkp1
in
Drosophila
suppressed hemolymph cysteine protease activity and down-regulated the expression of antifungal genes. Fkp1 can also mask the Psh cleavage site without interfering with its ability to bait fungal subtilisin proteases. Given the evident compensatory relationship, our data indicate that the protease cascade is more crucial than the molecular pattern pathway in defending flies against fungal infections. This work reveals that
Metarhizium
fungi have evolved distinct effectors to block the dual recognition pathways of flies for immune evasion and sheds lights on the effector mechanisms mediating microbe–animal interactions.
Les « droits fondamentaux linguistiques » existent-ils ?
Authors: Clément-Wilz Laure
Published: January 2025

Au-delà du droit, le registre des droits fondamentaux linguistiques est à la croisée de nombreuses disciplines. Ce
numéro thématique vise à montrer comment chaque discipline fait exister ces droits en adaptant leur définition. Dans
l’article de Maria Margherita Mattioda, ils sont traités comme une référence dans les outils de traduction automatique
neuronale ; pour Vicent Climent-Ferrando, ils justifient un appel à une plus grande reconnaissance des langues régionales et
minoritaires, l’Union européenne se présentant à chaque fois comme débitrice de ces droits. Juridiquement, les droits
fondamentaux linguistiques existent dans la mesure où ils sont juridiquement garantis et effectifs. La jurisprudence de la Cour
européenne des droits de l’homme (Cour EDH) montre que tel est parfois le cas, témoignant de son rôle créateur en la
matière. Cette introduction met en évidence les limites du mouvement des Linguistic Human Rights (LHR), ainsi que
celles du registre des droits fondamentaux ayant une dimension linguistique mobilisé en droit. Par exemple, l’invocation
de cette dimension ne résout pas le problème des arbitrages politiques que la communauté doit opérer, ce qui renvoie à la question
des coûts et des bénéfices d’une politique linguistique, et dans sa contribution, Bengt-Arne Wickström montre comment
l’économie peut fournir des outils de mesure utiles à leur évaluation. Dans les pages qui suivent, nous montrons que la
logique des droits fondamentaux linguistiques repose, plus ou moins explicitement, sur des considérations morales et des réalités
de terrain. En conséquence, la définition de ces droits varie en fonction de l’interprétation du juge, en particulier de
la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme.