bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Моделирование воздействия следов сопел блока аварийного спасения на поверхность пилотируемого космического корабля
Authors: Гарбарук Андрей Викторович , Garbaruk A V , Стрелец Михаил Хаимович , Strelets Mikhail Khaimovich , Шур Михаил Львович , Shur Mikhail L'vovich , Дядькин Анатолий Александрович , Dyadkin Anatoly Alexandrovich , Рыбак Сергей Петрович , Rybak Sergei Petrovich , Михайлов Михаил Васильевич , Mikhailov Mikhail Vasil'evich
Published: June 2021

Представлены результаты численного моделирования воздействия следов сопел ракетного блока аварийного спасения на поверхность пилотируемого космического корабля. Расчеты выполнены в рамках предложенной и валидированной авторами ранее двухэтапной зонной RANS-LES методики, базирующейся на использовании в качестве модели LES с пристеночным моделированием (WMLES) известного вихреразрешающего подхода IDDES. В данной работе эта методика усовершенствована путем включения в WMLES подобласть первого ряда сопел блока аварийного спасения и проведения расчетов в полной ($360^\circ$) азимутальной области. Это позволило повысить точность расчетов за счет более корректного описания следов этих сопел и проанализировать обтекание корабля при ненулевых углах атаки. Выполнен анализ влияния числа Маха полета на амплитудно-частотные характеристики пульсаций давления на поверхности корабля, в том числе на их изменение при переходе через звуковой барьер. Кроме того, для трансзвукового режима при числе Маха $\mathrm{M}_\infty = 0.95$ исследовано влияние угла атаки и взаимного азимутального расположения сопел первого и второго ряда.
Combining synergetic control and super twisting algorithm to reduce the active power undulations of doubly fed induction generator for dual-rotor wind turbine system
Authors: Benbouhenni H. , Lemdani S.
Published: June 2021

Aim. This work presents the amelioration of direct power control using synergetic-super twisting algorithms for asynchronous generators integrated into dual-rotor wind turbine systems. Method. The main role of the direct power control is to control the active and reactive powers and reduce the harmonic distortion of stator current of asynchronous generator for variable speed dual-rotor wind turbine systems. The traditional strategy is more attractive due to its high efficiency and simple algorithm. Super twisting algorithms are a non-linear command strategy; characterized by robustness against the parameters change or disturbances, it gives a good power quality under different conditions such as changing generator parameters. Novelty. Synergetic-super twisting algorithms are designed. Synergetic-super twisting algorithms construction is based on synergetic command and super twisting algorithms in order to obtain a robust control strategy and a fast system with acceptable precision. We use in our study a 1.5 MW asynchronous generator integrated to dual-rotor wind turbine system in order to regulate the active and reactive powers. Results. As shown in the results figures using synergetic-super twisting algorithms the ameliorate performances especially minimizes the torque, active and reactive power undulations, and reduces harmonic distortion of stator current (THD = 0.19 %) compared to traditional strategy.
DEVELOPMENT, DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR POWER LINES
Authors: Honcharov Yevhen , Kriukova Nataliia , Vietvytska Sofia , Markov Vladyslav , Poliakov Ihor
Published: June 2021

The article reviews the methods for improving the technology of monitoring and inspection of the state of power grids. The state of development in the design and methods of using unmanned aerial vehicles, which are intended for servicing power lines, is analyzed. A number of issues related to the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles with high lifting capacity are considered, which allows them to be used for various means of maintenance of power lines, which in turn reduces capital costs. Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used by utilities, which reduces the risks and costs of maintenance compared to other transmission line monitoring systems. It was determined that in the field of electric power industry the most promising of the methods for monitoring power lines is the application of unmanned aerial vehicles together with the use of modern measuring equipment and digital technologies. It is concluded that a significant advantage of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is their possibility, which reduces costs and increases the efficiency of their use as a means of determining promising locations for wind farms. It is noted that with the transition of the global electricity industry to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles will save resources and reduce costs. Moreover, it is determined that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles with high lifting capacity allows minimizing the cost of using additional lifting equipment and technical personnel. In particular, high-lift unmanned aerial vehicles using flamethrowers can effectively remove obstacles such as clogging on power lines. It is noted that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles will increase the safety of employees in the maintenance of power facilities and power lines. The obtained results from the analysis of the technical condition of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles indicate the prospects for the introduction of remote control systems and monitoring of the operational condition of power lines.
EFFECT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF d-METAL OXIDES ON SUNFLOWER OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION
Authors: Melnyk Yurii , Melnyk Stepan , Mahorivska Halyna , Reutskyy Viktor
Published: June 2021

The physicochemical indicators of d-metal oxides (NiO, CuO, MnO, FeO, PbO, ZnO) which are heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification process of sunflower oil triglycerides by ethanol and butan-1-ol have been determined. The available specific surface area, surface acidity and basicity, as well as the hydrogen potential change of the catalyst suspension in water were determined for the oxides. The available specific surface area of the oxides was determined by titration of their aqueous suspension with a solution of methylene blue with a predetermined concentration. The surface acidity and basicity of the catalysts were determined by back titration of samples treated with an aqueous solution of ammonia and acetic acid, respectively. It was found that all investigated d-metal oxides have a low specific surface area. The value of specific surface area is in the range of 0.6-1.5 m2/g. The surface acidity and basicity of the catalysts is 0.13-0.27 mmol/g and 0.019-0.066 mmol/g, respectively. It is shown that the change in the aqueous suspension hydrogen potential of the investigated catalysts relative to the distilled water pH is maximum for NiO and ZnO and it is 0.6-0.65, while for CuO this change is the smallest and it is only 0.3. The character of the pH change curves and the pH values of the oxides suspension in equilibrium condition indicate the presence of weak acid sites in the studied catalysts. The indicated catalysts characteristics are compared with the results obtained in the transesterification process of sunflower oil triglycerides by ethanol and butan-1-ol. It was found that there is a correlation between the surface acidity of catalyst and the reaction initial rate of triglycerides transesterification by ethanol and butan-1-ol. At the same time, such a correlation is absent for the surface basicity of the catalysts. This is consistent with the data on the catalysis of the triglyceride transesterification reaction only by strong major active sites. It is concluded that the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil triglycerides by ethanol and butan-1-ol occurs predominantly on the weak acid centers of the d-metal oxides.
ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY OF TARGET TRACKING SYSTEMS TO EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE IN MULTICHANNEL RADARS WITH FIXED PARAMETERS
Authors: Kovalchuk Andrii , Oleshchuk Mykola , Karlov Volodymyr , Karpenko Oleh , Biesova Oksana , Lukashuk Olena
Published: June 2021

The multichannel and fixed parameters radars for tracking targets with the phased array antennas are widely used in modern military surveillance systems. The modular integration of a phased antenna array with digital processors allows to realize the command and control functions of antenna patterns for tracking multiple targets in the time resolution modes. Tracking of the air targets in range, radial speed and angular coordinates of evaluations and azimuth is provided by means of the multichannel radars without adaptation modes to the characteristics of external influences. Thus, adjusting the algorithms of tracking systems to the maximum maneuverability of the air targets can lead to a significant reduction in the accuracy of surveillance in comparison with the potentially achievable accuracy for such radars of tracking the linear flight targets in the long duration of time. In the case of adjusting the algorithms of tracking systems to either low intensity of flying targets, or lack of the aircraft maneuvering, it is possible to significantly increase the error of the aircraft flying information, and as a result to have a disruption of tracking the air targets. The increase in the parameters of the tracking error in relation to the influence of external interference were obtained as a result of the study. As a result of research, it is possible to assess the feasibility of adapting to certain characteristics of external influences, and provide recommendations for selecting and fixing the parameters of algorithms of tracking systems to ensure their versatility to surveillance targets with both high maneuverability, and implementing the stealth technology.
THE PROBLEM OF REDISTRIBUTION OF RADIO FREQUENCY USED IN THE ORGANIZATION DIVISIONS
Authors: Пашаев Адалат Бахтияр , Сабзієв Ельхан Наріман оглу , Гасанов Аріф Гасан огли
Published: June 2021

The problem of radio frequency distribution is considered in the article, taking into account the regulations and geographical location of the operating units. The problem of assigning radio frequencies from among those assigned for corporate use is studied. Using conformal mapping, it was substantiated that any territory can be divided into zones, each of which will have a border with only three other zones. In this case, in each zone, you can assign frequencies in the amount of one quarter of the total number of available frequencies that do not overlap with frequencies assigned to adjacent zones. A mathematical model of the problem of radio frequency redistribution has been built, taking into account the regulations and the geographical location of the units. The implementation of algorithm allows taking into account the history of frequency distribution by zones, which allows you to completely update the used radio frequencies for a new period of operation. A software module has been compiled that generates frequencies at random from those available for assigning corporate use for each zone. The software module allows fast and frequent reallocation of frequencies by zones, thereby ensuring the safety, reliability and stability of communication between organizational units.
Pengambilan Resiko dan Intensi Berwirausaha Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Yudhaningrum Lupi , Akbar Zarina , Erik  , Fadhalah R.A. , Ismi Wa Ode Imani
Published: June 2021

This study aims to identify whether there is a significant relationship between risk-taking and student entrepreneurship intentions. In this study using quantitative methods with a psychological measurement scale. The technique in this research uses incidental sample technique with 260 respondents. Measuring instruments used in this study are the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) and DOSPERT (Domain-Specific Risk-Taking). The statistical analysis used in this study is Kendall's tau-b test. The results showed Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 which means that there is a significant relationship between risk-taking and entrepreneurial intentions in students. The relationship in this study is positive in that the higher the risk-taking of students, the entrepreneurial intentions are also high.
Traumatic Cuboid Dislocation. The Potential Role of Plantar Ligaments Integrity in Facilitating Reduction
Authors: Mazzotti Antonio , Bonelli Simone , Zielli Simone , Arceri Alberto , Viglione Valentina , Faldini Cesare
Published: June 2021

Case:

A 56-year-old male patient sustained a traumatic cuboid medioplantar dislocation associated with a lateral cuneiform fracture. The patient was treated with open reduction and fixation using 2 temporary Kirschner wires. During surgery, the plantar ligament apparatus was found to be almost intact and the reduction was easily performed. At the last follow-up visit, the patient's functional outcomes were excellent.

Conclusions:

Traumatic cuboid medioplantar dislocation associated with lateral cuneiform fracture usually requires surgical treatment. The authors conclude the integrity of the plantar ligament apparatus may play a role in facilitating the reduction.
Complicated Traumatic Nerve Injury Treated with Tendon Transfers in a Patient with Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Alex S. , Pérez-Padilla Adriana E. , Leon-Rojas Jose E. , Ramos-Gonzales Edison , Ramírez Iván , Trujillo María B.
Published: June 2021

Case:

We report a right-handed 37-year-old woman, with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), presenting with a posterior interosseus nerve injury because of a penetrating trauma in the right forearm. The tendon transfer technique was chosen based on tendon response and functionality of the arms during the surgery. The patient has been able return to her daily life activities with proper fine and gross motor control.

Conclusion:

Despite tendon transfer surgery being a common technique for radial nerve palsy reconstruction, its use has not been extensively described in the literature in patients with muscular dystrophies such as MD1.
Uso do ábaco como instrumento para vivenciar operações aditivas com pessoas idosas
Authors: De Lima Azevedo Spinelli Kelly , De Cássia Araújo de Vasconcelos Izabel
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com idosos de um lar de longa permanência na cidade de Pesqueira-PE. O lar composto por 30 idosos, mas devido à pandemia, o lar de idosos precisou restringir o contato com os mesmos, sendo assim, aplicamos a pesquisa apenas com duas idosas, uma vez que, ambas moravam próximo à casa da pesquisadora. A pesquisa buscou analisar de que forma o ábaco estimula o desenvolvimento cognitivo e a resolução de problemas aditivos em pessoas idosos de um lar para idosos de longa permanência. Tendo como objetivos específicos: Identificar o perfil dos idosos que frequentam o lar de idosos em Pesqueira; Analisar o conhecimento prévio dos idosos através de um pré-teste quanto à resolução de situações problemas simples envolvendo adição e subtração e o uso do ábaco; Desenvolver conjuntamente com os idosos um ábaco artesanal a fim de proporcionar o desenvolvimento e estímulo da função cognitiva dos idosos e compreender a função do ábaco aplicada a situações cotidianas; Identificar que possíveis avanços os idosos obtiveram com relação ao conhecimento pré-teste e a construção e uso do ábaco. Para atingir os referidos objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, composta por quatro etapas, são elas: questionário, aplicação de um pré-teste composto por quatro resoluções de problemas aditivos e a presença do ábaco; criação de um ábaco artesanal com as idosas e intervenção, e por fim, um pós-teste composto por quatro resoluções de problemas no mesmo nível do pré-teste.
Performance Analysis of Crosstalk Subcarrier Multiplexing and Wave Division Multiplexing in Optical Communication System
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E.
Published: June 2021

In traditional optical communication, duplexity is achieved by using two fibers, each having a transmitter and a receiver. Economically, bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems utilizing a single fiber will be more attractive not only reducing the use of the fiber by a factor of two, but also the number of components. Duplex transmissions over a single fiber can double the capacity of an installed unidirectional link. The idea of this paper is to study another approach using the subcarrier multiplexing (SCM)-based optical network and evaluate the physical transmission quality of analog and digital signal using SCM approach and the characteristic of fiber nonlinear crosstalk such as stimulated Raman scattering, Cross phase modulation and four-wave mixing in the SCM externally modulation optical link. A suitable bandwidth of 890 – 950 MHz is selected for subcarriers and channel bandwidth of 200 KHz and carrier. By measuring the optical bit interference (OBI) performance limitations of the subcarrier multiplexing WDM optical transmission system is investigated. The OBI for 10 channels for input power 1 dB is -40 dB whereas for 110 channels the OBI is -20 dB separation of 250 KHz are considered.
Pneumothorax in Tertiary Intensive Care With COVID-19 is Associated With Increased Mortality
Authors: bektaş serife gökbulut , Bölükbaşı Demet , Konak Baha Burak , Akdağ Ahmet Gökhan , Çalışkan Aydan , İzdeş Seval
Published: June 2021

Background: To examine the laboratory findings with clinical characteristics and treatments of patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary intensive care unit with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and developed pneumothorax and to determine epidemiology and risks of pneumothorax.Methods: The study was conducted by retrospectively examining the electronic records of 681 COVID-19 patients who were followed up between 1 April 2020 and 1 January 2021 in 3 tertiary care units (each was 24 beds). Patients demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, mechanical ventilator parameters and chest imaging were collected retrospectively,.Results: Pneumothorax in 22 (3.2%) of 681 with COVID-19 patients were detected and ARDS in 481 (70.6). All the study patients met ARDS diagnostic criterias. Mortality rates were 43.4% (296/681) in all patients, 52.8% (254/481) in patients with ARDS, and 86.3% (19/22) in patients with pneumothorax. Pneumothorax occurred in the patients within a mean of 17.4 ± 4.8 days. The computed tomographies of patients were observed common ground-glass opacities, heterogenic distribution with patch infiltrates, alveolar exudates, interstitial thickening in the 1st week of their follow-up. Conclusion: We observed that pneumothorax significantly increased mortality in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. We believe that understanding and preventing the characteristics of pneumothorax will make an important contribution to mortality reduction.
Enhancement of Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Earthworms Through Regulating Soil Bacterial Community and Plant Nutrient Balance Under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Wang Chong , Li Nan , Xu Zhongnan
Published: June 2021

Aims

Soil salinization is an important factor limiting plant phosphorus (P) uptake and crop production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and earthworms in enhancing soil P bioavailability by regulating soil salt ions and altering the soil bacterial community under salt stress.
Methods

Treatments with or without earthworms and with or without AMFs in a high-salinity soil were applied.
Results

The results showed that the maize biomass and plant P, Ca and Mg contents were significantly increased by earthworms and AMF inoculation, and the highest plant P, Ca and Mg contents were observed with earthworm application alone. Earthworms and AMFs significantly decreased the soil stable inorganic P (hydroxyapatite) proportion and increased the soil available dicalcium phosphate proportion. AMFs significantly increased soil phosphatase activity and inorganic P fraction contents. Earthworms and AMFs significantly increased soil bacterial Chao1 and phylogenetic diversity. Structural equation model analysis showed that the most important driver of soil P mineralization was soil bacterial diversity, followed by soil Ca2+ and total salt concentration. Network analysis suggested that the response of bacteria to soil Ca2+ but not salt concentration positively correlated with soil P availability. Earthworms and AMFs could stimulate certain bacteria harbouring the phoX alkaline phosphatase gene to increase soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability.
Conclusions

In conclusion, earthworms and AMFs could enhance soil P bioavailability by stimulating soil P-cycling bacteria to activate soil stable inorganic P and by improving the plant cation nutrient balance under salt stress.
Genomics and Simulated Laboratory Studies Reveal Thermococcus sp. 101C5 as A Novel Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Possessing Specialized Metabolic Arsenal for Enhanced Oil Recovery from High-Temperature Oil Reservoirs (101 °C)
Authors: Kapse Neelam G. , Paliwal Vasundhara , Dagar Sumit Singh , Rana Dolly Pal , Dhakephalkar Prashant K
Published: June 2021

Laboratory evaluation of hyperthermophiles with the potential for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is often hampered by the difficulties in replicating the in situ growth conditions in the lab. In the present investigation, genome analysis was used to gain insights into the metabolic potential of a hyperthermophile to mobilize the residual oil from depleting high-temperature oil reservoir. Here, we report the 1.9 Mb draft genome sequence of hyperthermophilic anaerobic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. 101C5 with a GC content of 44%, isolated from a high temperature oil reservoir of Gujarat, India. 101C5 possessed the genetic arsenal required for adaptation to harsh oil reservoir conditions, such as various heat shock proteins for thermo-adaptation, Trk potassium uptake system proteins for osmo-adaptation, and superoxide reductases against oxidative stress. MEOR potential of the strain was established by the presence of genes encoding enzymes involved in desired metabolite production like hydrogen, acetate, exopolysaccharide, bio-emulsifier, etc., which was further experimentally confirmed and validated. Also, the presence of crude oil degradative genes highlighted the ability of the strain to mobilize heavy residual oil, which was confirmed under simulated conditions in sand-pack studies. The obtained results demonstrated additional oil recoveries of 42.1% and 56.5% at 96°C and 101°C, respectively, by strain 101C5, illustrating its potential for application in high-temperature oil reservoirs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of genome analysis of any microbe assessed for its suitability for MEOR from the high-temperature oil reservoir.
Strategy to calculate magnesium sulfate dose in obese patients: A randomized blind trial
Authors: Filho Sebastião E. Silva , Klinsky Omar S. , Vieira Joaquim E.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDMagnesium sulfate has analgesic properties in the postoperative period. Among obese patients, there is a gap in the knowledge of its pharmacology related to the use of real, ideal, or corrected ideal body weight in calculating its dose. This trial compared postoperative analgesia using actual and corrected ideal body weight.METHODSSeventy-five obese patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients in the control group received no magnesium sulfate; patients in the other two groups received magnesium sulfate 40 mg·kg− 1 of actual body weight or corrected ideal body weight. A ten nonobese patients group helped us as a model of the expected blood magnesium concentration after magnesium sulfate administration in general population.RESULTSPatients from the groups receiving magnesium sulfate showed significant reduction in morphine consumption (p ≤ 0.001) and pain scores (p = 0.006) in the postoperative period compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the consumption of morphine (p = 0.323) or pain scores (p = 0.082) between these groups. There was no difference in the total duration of neuromuscular block induced by cisatracurium among the three groups (p = 0.181) or in the blood magnesium concentrations throughout the study.CONCLUSIONSMagnesium sulfate decreased postoperative pain and morphine consumption without affecting cisatracurium recovery time in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Analgesic profile was similar in groups receiving magnesium sulfate calculated through real or corrected ideal body weight.TRIAL REGISTRATIONclinicaltrials.gov NCT04003688. (Date of registration: June 24, 2019)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) And The Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baracy Michael , Afzal Fareeza , Szpunar Susanna , Tremp MaKenzie , Grace Karlee , Liovas Marina , Aslam Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with SARs-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant patients with positive SARs-CoV-2 molecular test at four participating hospitals located in a large metropolitan city and who delivered between February 1st and November 24th, 2020. Patients who tested positive during their pregnancy and delivered (index cases) were compared to the three subsequent deliveries of patients who tested negative (controls) at the same institution. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Results: A total of 280 patients were included in the study: 70 patients who tested positive for Coronavirus Disease-2019 and 210 matched controls. Compared with pregnancies negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.67 -8.10). Overall rates of preeclampsia with severe features were significantly higher in patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis (18.6% vs 7.1%, p=0.006). Of COVID-19 positive patients, an early SARS-CoV-2 infection (prior to 32 week’s gestation) conferred a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR=6.29, CI 1.64-24.07; p=0.007). There was no difference in route of delivery, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, or pregnancy and fetal outcomes.Conclusion: COVID-19 is a risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Tweetable AbstractPatients who test positive for COVID-19 during their pregnancy are at increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy compared to pregnant patients who test negative for COVID-19. Earlier SARs-CoV-2 infection results in increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorder. Furthermore, even patients who are asymptomatic but positive for SARs-CoV-2 during their pregnancy have a higher risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
The Causes of Susceptibility of the Elderly to COVID-19 Pneumonia Under the Natural State Based on a Behavioural Perspective: A Retrospective Study Taking ,the Early Onset of the Disease in Wuhan,China, as an Example
Authors: Niu Qiang , Jiang Yixiao , Zhang Junbo , Guo Yikai , Si Zhiqiang
Published: June 2021

In the early epidemic of COVID-19 in Wuhan, the proportion of elderly patients over 60 years was significantly higher than that of other populations. However, with the implementation of strong social control measures, the proportion of which dropped rapidly to the same level as that of middle-aged patients (40-59), which indicated that the elders’ social behavioural pattern may have some connections with the infection. A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the behavioural patterns of different age groups before the social distance control in Wuhan, to find out the relationship between them and the infection under the nature state, and furthermore, to put forward targeted suggestions to enhance the resistance of the elderly to public health emergencies. To carry out the research, social survey, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression models were utilized. The results showed that the elderly had more social activities, more offline shopping, more travels by semi-public transportation, and the factors below had significant impacts on the infection (P<0.05): the level of indoor entertainment, the frequency of going to convenience stores or markets, the frequency of walking, and the level of protection. Besides, suggestions were proposed, including controlling the social distance of the elderly, developing senior-friendly shopping platforms, advocating tailored car travel, etc. This study could provide data and theoretical support for government's regulatory actions, enrich epidemiological theories of transmission routes based on behaviour, and improve the adaptability of the elderly to public health emergencies.
Effect of Baihu and Guizhi Decoction in acute gouty arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study
Authors: He Yikun , Dai Chaoran , Shen Jiaying , Chen Qianwen , Gao Jiandong , Pan Xin , Gan Jing
Published: June 2021

Background

The prevalence rates of gout worldwide have increased annually. Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) accounts for a large proportion of gout patients and causes severe physical and mental pain in patients. Controlling the occurrence and development of gout inflammation is the first step in the treatment of gout. The main treatment drugs in gout are Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS), colchicine and glucocorticoids, but these treatments have many adverse reactions which limit their clinical application. Baihu and Guizhi decoction (BHGZ) is one of the classic prescriptions in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, and is a good prescription for AGA. Previous clinical studies have shown that BHGZ confers a strong benefit for treating AGA. However, the literature shows a lack of high-quality RCT research on BHGZ with respect to AGA. Therefore, in this study, we use a randomized, double-blind, controlled study with a placebo to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of BHGZ on the AGA of moist heat arthralgia spasm syndrome.
Methods

This study is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. A total of 102 adult participants with AGA of moist heat arthralgia spasm syndrome will be enrolled, with balanced treatment allocation (1:1). The experimental intervention will be BHGZ plus the low-dose colchicine and the control intervention will be placebo plus the low-dose colchicine for 10 days. To study the clinical efficacy (including VAS score; joint tenderness, joint swelling, joint movement disorder; TCM evidence efficacy score) and the changes of inflammatory indexes. At the same time, the improvement of joint inflammation in patients with AGA will be observed from musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, and the safety evaluation will be carried out.
Discussion

This study will be the first placebo-controlled RCT to assess whether BHGZ plus low-dose colchicine have beneficial effects on changing reducing inflammation of joints for patients with AGA of moist heat arthralgia spasm syndrome. The results of this trial will help to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.
Trial registration:

Chinese Clinical Trials Register, ChiCTR1900024974. Registered on 5 August 2019.
Analyzing Features and Social Determinants of the Incidence of Class A and B Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China From 2004 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Wang Haiyin , Jin Chunlin
Published: June 2021

Background: The social order of the whole world has been disrupted since the COVID-19 outbreak. In China, we added novel coronavirus pneumonia to the list of Class B notifiable infectious diseases, and we placed Class A notifiable infectious diseases under strict monitoring. Therefore, it is significant that we study the features and social determinants of the incidence of both Class A and B infectious diseases.Methods: We analyzed the annual percentage change in the incidence of overall infectious diseases and the four main diseases by descriptive statistics analysis, estimated the differences in the incidence of infections in seven regions over 15 years by using a generalized estimation equation (GEE), and then determined social determinants affecting these infectious diseases by using a panel data model.Results: The incidence of overall Class A and B infectious diseases has been declining since January 2004. The infectious diseases with the highest yearly incidence were hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, and bacterial and amoebic dysentery, with an incidence rate that has remained stable over the past 15 years. The locations of disease incidence in ascending order from low to high was East China, Northeast China, North China, Southwest China, Central China, South China, and Northwest China (c2=68.60 p<0.001). The changes in the characteristics of yearly incidence varied (c2=44.84 p<0.001). We found that two determinants, namely, percentage of people with illiteracy in the total population aged 15 years and older (p=0.01) and number of family health service people per capita (p<0.001), were positive for infectious diseases. Three determinants, including public green areas per capita (p<0.001), number of public transportation vehicles per 10 000 people (p=0.02) and area of paved roads per capita (p<0.001), were negative for infectious diseases.Conclusions: We successfully prevented and controlled Class A and B infectious diseases after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Over the years, hepatitis and tuberculosis have had the highest incidence among infectious diseases and thus more attention needs to be given to these diseases. Social determinants had a significant influence on infectious diseases. Some strategies related to social determinants are needed to prevent infectious diseases.
Determinants for Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Nigerians
Authors: Eze Ugochukwu A , Ndoh Kingsley I Ndoh , Ibisola Babalola A. , Onwuliri Chinemerem D. , Osiyemi Adenakan , Ude Nnamdi , Chime Amalachukwu A , Ogbor Eric O , Alao Adegboyega O , Abdullahi Ashiru
Published: June 2021

AimTo assess the degree and determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine among NigeriansMaterials and methodsFollowing appropriate ethical protocol, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire from a previous study adapted to suit the Nigeria setting and distributed among Nigerians aged 18 years and above. The country was grouped in to three regions: East, North and West representing the major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Participants were recruited based on six different catchments: residential, marketplace recreational areas, cooperate organizations, schools, and Faith-based organizations. Information obtained include socio-demographics, medical history related pertinent to COVID-19, level of knowledge, risk perception, and attitudes towards of COVID-19 and the vaccine amongst others. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done on the variables and results were summarized into percentages and associations noted.ResultsA total of 358 responses were obtained out of the 120 questionnaires distributed in each of the three regions of which. The mean age of respondents was 32years (± 11.2SD). Igbo and Yoruba were the major ethnic groups comprising 38% and 31% of study participants respectively. Three-quarter had tertiary education, 43% of them were civil servants and professionals, 34% of them were unemployed, and 8.9% of them were roadside traders. Majority (66.2%) were willing to accept the approved vaccine with male gender, identifying as Christian, Hausa ethnicity and living in the northern Nigeria had a significant positive association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Conclusiontwo out of three Nigerian adults indicated interest in accepting the corona virus vaccine. This calls with critical stakeholders and leaders at all levels to be involved in public education based on sound evidence and the discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the negative associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccination rates in Nigeria.
Application of dual-stream 3D convolutional neural network based on 18F-FDG PET/CT in distinguishing benign and invasive adenocarcinoma in ground-glass lung nodules
Authors: Shao Xiaonan , Niu Rong , Shao Xiaoliang , Gao Jianxiong , Shi Yunmei , Jiang Zhenxing , Wang Yuetao
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This work aims to train, validate and test a dual-stream three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) based on Fluorine 18 (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT to distinguish benign lesions and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) in ground-glass nodules (GGNs).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with suspicious GGNs who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in our hospital from November 2011 to November 2020. The patients with benign lesions or IAC were selected for this study. According to the ratio of 7:3, the data was randomly divided into training data and testing data. Partial image feature extraction software was used to segment PET and CT images, and the training data after using the data augmentation was used for the training and validation (5-fold cross-validation) of the three CNNs (PET, CT, and PET/CT networks).Results: A total of 23 benign nodules and 92 IAC nodules from 106 patients were included in this study. In the validation set, the performance of PET network (accuracy of 0.92 ± 0.02; sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 ± 0.03 and 0.94 ± 0.04) were better than CT network (accuracy of 0.84 ± 0.03; sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 ± 0.07 and 0.90 ± 0.04); in the testing set, the performance of both networks declined. However, when the specificity was close, the accuracy and sensitivity of PET network (0.79 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.05) were still higher than CT network (0.72 ± 0.05 and 0.79 ± 0.08). For the dual-stream PET/CT network, its performance was almost the same as PET network in the validation set; while in testing set, although its performance decreased (accuracy was 0.81 ± 0.03; sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 ± 0.03 and 0.86 ± 0.00), it was still higher than CT or PET networks. Moreover, the accuracy of PET/CT network was higher than two nuclear medicine physicians [Physician 1 (3-year experience): 0.70 and Physician 2 (10-year experience): 0.73]. Conclusion: The 3D-CNN based on 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to distinguish benign lesions and IAC in GGNs, and the performance is better when both CT and PET images are used together.
Causes of Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Kumar Peri Harish , Dwarka Sai Sharan , Zahid Talal , Rehman Habib Ur , Bains Tajbinder Singh , Joseph Suneet John
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify cancer and non-cancer causes of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients over different time periods after diagnosis and to compare the mortality risk of each cause in HCC patients with the general population.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data of 67,637 HCC patients from 1975 to 2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We investigated the association between different causes of death and the following variables: age, race, tumor stage at diagnosis, and treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy); each according to the periods of < 1 year, 1–5 years, 5–10 years, and > 10 years following the diagnosis. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for cancer and non-cancer deaths in each of the mentioned periods following diagnosis.Results: Data of 67,637 patients, of whom 50,571 patients died during the follow-up period, were analyzed. Most deaths were due to HCC itself (35,535, 70.3%), followed by other cancers (3,983, 7.9%). Common causes of non-cancer mortality included infectious and parasitic diseases including HIV (2,823 patients, SMR = 105.68, 95% CI: 101.82-109.65), chronic liver disease (2,719 patients, SMR = 76.56, 95% CI: 73.71,79.5), and heart diseases (1,265 patients, SMR = 2.26, 95% CI: 2.14–2.39), with higher mortality risk in HCC patients than in the general population.Conclusion: Cancers stand for most deaths in patients with HCC. Besides, infectious, and parasitic diseases including HIV represent the commonest non-cancer cause of mortality.
Chronic Cadmium Exposure Aggravates the Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Promoting Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Xiuxiu , Wang Shuai , Li Mengyang , Li Jiafu , Sheng Zhijie , zhang Jie , zhang zengli
Published: June 2021

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious diabetic complication with high mortality. Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and plays an important role in cardiac lesions. However, whether Cd aggravates DCM is debatable. In the present study, the effects of chronic Cd exposure on cardiomyopathy in normal and type 2 diabetic mice were investigated. Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: blank control (normal mice without Cd exposure), Cd control (normal mice with Cd exposure, exposure level 1.74-2.45 mg/kg/day), diabetic mice control (diabetic mice without Cd exposure) and experimental group (diabetic mice with Cd exposure, exposure level 1.37-3.58 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks Cd exposure, echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Other outcomes measures included myocardial injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Results: Cd damaged the cardiac function by decreased EF% (ejection fraction) and FS% (fractional shortening) and increased concentration of cTnT (cardiac troponin T) and the expressions of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) in normal mice. For experimental group, the expression of IL-1 (Interleukin-1), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), FN (fibronectin) and TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) were significantly increased, indicating that Cd promoted the accumulations of fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic mice. In terms of cardiac function, compared with normal mice, the cardiac injury marker of experimental mice was increased and the myocardial contractility was further attenuate, suggesting diabetic mice were more sensitive than normal mice when exposed to cadmium. Conclusion: Cd could damage the heart contractility and aggravate the disruption of cardiac function in diabetic mice by deteriorating inflammation and fibrosis.
Detecting Financial Statement Fraud with Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Zhongzhu , Ye Rongguang , Ye Rongye
Published: June 2021

In this study, we explored a stable and explainable model in the detection of financial fraud. To effectively handle imbalanced datasets, we selected the Smote oversampling algorithm with the highest AUC value and compared it with Borderline Smote and ADASYN algorithms. Using the MCB method, we found that the Adaptive Lasso algorithm had higher stability than SCAD, MCP, Stepwise, and SQRT Lasso algorithms. Moreover, the AUC value was improved by WoE encoding and IV value testing of the features. Finally, we ranked the fraud factors based on the importance of the features, and the partial dependence function was used to make the model interpretable. By comparing the AUC and KS values, the integrated models XGBoost, LightGBM, and RF showed better ability to identify financial fraud compared with traditional models such as SVM and LR.
Diagnostic performance of a wearing dynamic ECG recorder for Atrial Fibrillation screening: The HUAMI heart study
Authors: Wenxia Fu , Ruogu Li
Published: June 2021

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac dysrhythmia with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Notably, one out of three patients with AF is asymptomatic. Given the asymptomatic and paroxysmal nature of AF, AF's timely detection with traditional instruments is somewhat unsatisfactory and delayed. Thus, wearing a dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder can help analyze, interpret, and distinguish AF from normal sinus rhythm accurately and safely, even in an upright position and after exercises, using an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm.Methods: A total of 114 participants in the outpatient registry of our institution from June 24, 2020 to July 24, 2020, were enrolled. Participants were tested with a wearable dynamic ECG recorder and 12-lead ECG in a supine, an upright position and after exercises for 60seconds. Results: A total of 114 subjects (sixty-one with normal sinus rhythm, fifty-three with AF) were enrolled in the study. The number of cases unable to be determined by the dynamic ECG recorder wristband was two, one in each group. Case results not clinically objective were defined as false-negative or false-positive. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity using wearable dynamic ECG recorders in a supine position were 94.74% (95% CI% 88.76%-97.80%), 88.68% (95% CI 77.06%-95.07%) and100% (95% CI 92.91%-100%), respectively. Meanwhile, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in an upright position were 97.37% (95% CI% 92.21%-99.44%), 94.34% (95% CI 84.03%-98.65%), and 100% (95% CI 92.91%-100%), respectively. The result after exercise was the same as the result of the upright position.Conclusion: AF can be detected using the widely accessible wearable dynamic ECG recorder with an AI algorithm after different postures and exercises. It may provide a useful and user-friendly screening tool, diagnosing AF early in at-risk individuals.
Interdecadal Change in the Effect of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on Spring Precipitation over Eastern China around the Early 1990s
Authors: Zhang Chao , Guo Yuanyuan , Wen Zhiping
Published: June 2021

Previous works extensively investigated the influences of the winter-spring Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TP, TPSC) on climate variability over the East Asia. The present work documents an interdecadal-changed impacts of different spring TPSC anomaly (TPSCA) patterns on spring precipitation over eastern China (SPEC) around the early 1990s. It is found that the correlation of eastern and western TPSCA shifts from negative to positive around 1990. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applying onto the spring TPSCA during 1970–1989 (P1) and during 1991–2017 (P2) adds additional support for such interdecadal change in the relationship between the eastern and western TPSCA. Specifically, the leading EOF (EOF1) mode in P1 shows an out-of-phase pattern with opposite signals lying over the eastern and western TP, while the counterpart in P2 is characterized by an in-phase pattern over the entire TP. Corresponding to more (less) snow cover in the eastern (western) TP in P1, a significant TP cold cyclone (TPCC) and a downstream anticyclone over the western North Pacific are observed. Anomalous southerly flow prevailing east to TPCC could bring the warm-wet air from tropics to the coast of East Asian, which largely enhances the spring precipitation south to Yangtze River Valley (YRV). By contrast, regarding more snow cover both in the eastern and western TP in P2, a relatively northward-displaced and wider TPCC sweeps over the entire TP compared with the TPSC-induced TPCC in P1. Moreover, there are significant sinking anomalies observed in the downstream YRV-HRV region, which leads to suppressed spring precipitation over there via the dry-cold advection process. Hence, these discrepancies of local and downstream atmospheric circulation induced by the out-of-phase and in-phase TPSCA patterns in two epochs play an important role in resulting in the interdecadal shift of the SPEC anomaly pattern around 1990.