bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compromised CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in people living with HIV aged over 50 years: an observational study
Authors: Francis‐Morris A , Mackie NE , Eliahoo J , Ramzan F , Fidler S , Pollock KM
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Persistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion (< 1) is associated with mortality in older people. We investigated the interaction of the effects of baseline CD8 count and age at HIV diagnosis on CD4:CD8 ratio recovery with antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

An observational study (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016) was carried out using routinely collected data from the HIV outpatient services at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. CD4 and CD8 counts, prior to and during ART, treatment during primary HIV infection (PHI) and HIV‐1 viral load were included in univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

Data were included for 876 patients starting ART, where HIV suppression was achieved. Of these patients, 741 of 876 (84.6%) were male and 507 of 876 (57.9%) were Caucasian. The median time on ART was 38 [interquartile range (IQR) 17–66] months. CD8 count change on ART was bidirectional; low CD8 counts (≤ 600 cells/μL) increased and high CD8 counts (> 900 cells/μL) decreased. The median pre‐ART CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.41 (IQR 0.24–0.63), and recovery (≥ 1) occurred in 274 of 876 patients (31.3%). Pre‐ and post‐ART CD4:CD8 ratios were lower in those aged > 50 years compared with young adults aged 18–30 years (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). After adjustment, younger age at HIV diagnosis (P < 0.001) and treatment during PHI (P < 0.001) were favourable for CD4:CD8 ratio normalization.

Conclusions

Older age (> 50 years) at HIV diagnosis was associated with persistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion, whereas treatment of PHI was protective. These findings confirm the need for testing and early treatment of people aged > 50 years, and could be used in a risk management algorithm for enhanced surveillance.
Effects of early mobilization protocol performed after cardiac surgery on patient care outcomes
Authors: Yayla Ayşegül , Özer Nadiye
Published: October 2019

Aim

This study aimed to determine the effects of an early mobilization protocol performed in patients who underwent cardiac surgery on post‐operative outcomes.

Background

Post‐operative complications are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Early mobilization is recommended for patients who undergo cardiac surgery to prevent complications and achieve successful outcomes in post‐operative care.

Design

The study design was quasi‐experimental with a control group.

Methods

Participants were patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January and October 2015. The study included 102 patients (51 patients each in the experimental and control groups). The introductory characteristics form, the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), duration of hospital stay (post‐operatively), and development of a post‐operative late complications form were used to collect data.

Results

The study results revealed that patients in the experimental group had better improvement in RCSQ scores, shorter duration of hospitalization, and fewer late complications after surgery than patients in the control group.

Conclusion

Early mobilization is feasible in adult cardiac surgery patients and has significant benefits. More research is recommended into the effectiveness of early mobilization in different patient groups.
The financial impact of atopic eczema paid out‐of‐pocket by affected patients in France
Authors: Zink A.
Published: October 2019

Linked article: R. Launois et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33: 1921–1927. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15581.
Modeling of maceration step of the oat (Avena sativa) malting process
Authors: Anthero Ana G. S. , Lima Jardel M. , Cleto Paulo B. , Jorge Luiz M. M. , Jorge Regina M. M.
Published: October 2019

The process of maceration of oats is still little explored; however, this stage is of great importance for malting, because the moisture content required for the synthesis of enzymes in the germination phase influences the quality of the product obtained. This research aimed at studying the influence of different temperature of hydration of the URS CORONA oat grain on the kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Also, the composition and morphology of oat grain were evaluated. The physicochemical analyses resulted in contents of 9.96% protein, 4.60% lipids, and 40.8% starch. The hydration isotherms (10, 20, 25, and 35°C) presented two hydration phases characterized by capillary forces (Phase I) and the diffusion phenomenon (Phase II). The adjustments of the Peleg model and Second Fick Law to data experiment were satisfactory. Results showed the mass transfer constants increased to temperature addition. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the maceration oat process presents lower activation energy; it is an exothermic and not spontaneous process.

Practical Applications

Kinetics model can provide information about the moisture in the oat grain during the soaking process with practical application to the starch, malt, and flour industries. Thermodynamic properties can be used to optimize grain processing parameters as time and temperature, and to reduce the maceration operation.
Timing and Outcomes of an Indication‐Only Use of Intravenous Cannulation During Spontaneous Labor
Authors: Bailey Joanne Motino , Bell Carrie , Zielinski Ruth
Published: October 2019

Introduction

In the United States, most women presenting in spontaneous labor undergo intravenous (IV) cannulation on admission to hospital labor and birth units. There is limited evidence for this routine practice in pregnant women at low risk for adverse outcomes during labor or birth.

Methods

A retrospective, exploratory, descriptive study of an indication‐only practice of IV cannulation on admission for women presenting in spontaneous labor and cared for by a nurse‐midwife service was performed. Descriptive data included the timing of IV cannula placement (admission, during labor or postpartum period, or not at all) and indications for placement. Maternal outcomes of interest were estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage rates, and management; neonatal outcome was 5‐minute Apgar scores.

Results

Records for 1069 women cared for by nurse‐midwives who presented in spontaneous labor were reviewed. In this cohort, 445 (41.6%) had IV access established on admission, 325 (30.4%) had an IV cannula placed during labor or postpartum, and 299 (28%) never had IV access during their hospital stay. For the 325 women with IV cannulas placed after admission, 25 (7.7%) were placed urgently for excessive postpartum bleeding. Further analysis of the subset of women who had a postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth (defined as >500 mL estimated blood loss) indicated that urgent IV cannulation was not associated with a lower mean postpartum hemoglobin or hematocrit or an increase in blood transfusion rate when compared with women who had an IV cannula placed earlier in their labor course.

Discussion

Indication‐only IV cannulation for women experiencing an uncomplicated labor and birth is a reasonable practice in settings where IV access can be established urgently if needed.
Application of lipidomics to reveal differences of facial skin surface lipids between atopic dermatitis and healthy infants
Authors: Wang Hecong , Cui Le , Jia Yan , Gao Ying , Zhang Gaolei , He Congfen
Published: October 2019

Background

The current knowledge about potential risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) is primarily based on the structure and function of the stratum corneum, which is characterized by osmotic defects and abnormal antibacterial function. There are no studies on the difference between facial lipids in infants with AD and healthy infants.

Aims

We sought to explore significantly different lipid markers for infants with AD presenting with lesions and healthy infants aged 0‐2 years to guide treatment strategies.

Methods

Twenty‐eight patient infants with AD and 32 healthy infants were recruited. Each infant received its surface skin lipids (SSL) on the right cheek. The components of skin lipids were measured by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupoletime‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) to explore significantly different lipid markers by analyzing the detection results using orthogonal partial least squares analysis(OPLS‐DA).

Results

There were clear distinctions in the components of SSL between the two groups. Twenty‐nine significantly different lipid markers (P ≤ .05) were found.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that there were significant differences in the components of the SSL between AD infants with lesions and healthy infants, but also found lipid types, lipid contents, and lipid structures as AD‐related risks.
Activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway regulates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis induced by arctigenin in Hep G2
Authors: Lu Zheng , Zhou Hongbo , Zhang Shishuo , Dai Wei , Zhang Yan , Hong Liping , Chen Fanjie , Cao Jiyue
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Arctigenin (ARG) has been proved to inhibit the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via inducing apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism remains unknown. The present study was aimed to further investigate the mechanism of ARG against HCC in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Arctigenin was applied in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, etc., were used to investigate the mechanisms.

Key findings

The time-dependent enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, Fas and FasL levels, caspase cascade activation and the loss in the mitochondrial out membrane potential indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were triggered by ARG. Moreover, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylated time-dependently. And inhibition of the phosphorylation of either p38 or JNK led to a significant reduction in HepG2 apoptosis, owing to the crucial roles of p38 and JNK played in regulating the apoptosis pathways. In addition, ARG increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells, while the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine almost reversed ARG-induced JNK and p38 activation, and dramatically decreased cell apoptosis. In vivo, ARG increased the cell apoptosis in tumour tissues, and p-p38, p-JNK and Bax were significantly upregulated.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that ARG induced apoptosis in HCC via ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinases apoptosis pathway.
Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long‐term field experiments
Authors: Bongiorno Giulia , Bodenhausen Natacha , Bünemann Else K. , Brussaard Lijbert , Geisen Stefan , Mäder Paul , Quist Casper W. , Walser Jean‐Claude , de Goede Ron G. M.
Published: October 2019

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life‐history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long‐term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.
Reproductive systems and low outbreeding barriers between Jacaranda cuspidifolia and J. mimosifolia (Jacarandeae, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Bittencourt Nelson Sabino
Published: October 2019

The genus Jacaranda shows notable karyotype stability and a prevailing self‐sterile breeding system with evidence of late‐acting self‐incompatibility in several species. However, some studies have indicated self‐compatibility in J. mimosifolia, a species cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. Jacaranda cuspidifolia is a closely related species with natural distribution broadly overlapping with that of J. mimosifolia, and manual heterospecific pollination studies have indicated that these species are interfertile, but there is no report on the breeding system of the former. In this study, we used hand‐pollination experiments, pistil longevity, epi‐fluorescence and histological analysis of post‐pollination events to determine the breeding system of J. cuspidifolia. We also employed intra and interspecific crosses and seed germination tests to reevaluate the breeding system of J. mimosifolia and the inter‐fertility between the two species. Some fruits were initiated from self‐pollinated pistils in J. mimosifolia, but none of them reached maturity. On the other hand, complete absence of fruit development by self‐pollination was verified in J. cuspidifolia, while in situ pollen tube growth and histological analysis of post‐pollination events in selfed pistils revealed the characteristic ovule penetration, fertilization and endosperm initiation also observed in other bignoniaceous species with late‐acting self‐incompatibility. Low outbreeding barriers seem to operate between these species because reciprocal interspecific crosses and hybrid seed germination tests indicated they are bilaterally interfertile. However, fruit/seed production and seed germinability were significantly lower when pistils of J. cuspidifolia were pollinated with pollen of J. mimosifolia, compared with crosses in the opposite direction, which indicates a partial unilateral incompatibility. This result is discussed in the context of the possible occurrence of self‐compatibility in J. mimosifolia. The low level of incongruity operating between the two species also points to their recent evolutionary divergence.
Cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5 hydroxylates alkanes to primary alcohols and is involved in rice leaf cuticular wax synthesis
Authors: Zhang Du , Yang Huifang , Wang Xiaochen , Qiu Yijian , Tian Lihong , Qi Xiaoquan , Qu Le Qing
Published: October 2019

Odd‐numbered primary alcohols are components of plant cuticular wax, but their biosynthesis remains unknown.

We isolated a rice wax crystal‐sparse leaf 5 (WSL5) gene using a map‐based cloning strategy. The function of WSL5 was illustrated by overexpression and knockout in rice, heterologous expression in Arabidopsis and transient expression in tobacco leaves.

WSL5 is predicted to encode a cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5. The wsl5 mutant lacked crystalloid platelets on the surface of cuticle membrane, and its cuticle membrane was thicker than that of the wild‐type. The wsl5 mutant is more tolerant to drought stress. The load of C23–C33 alkanes increased, whereas the C29 primary alcohol reduced significantly in wsl5 mutant and WSL5 knockout transgenic plants. Overexpression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes in rice leaves. Heterologous expression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes, secondary alcohol, and ketone in Arabidopsis stem wax. Transient expression of WSL5 in tobacco leaves also increased the production C29 primary alcohol.

WSL5 catalyzes the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, yielding odd‐numbered primary alcohols, and is involved in the formation of epidermal wax crystals on rice leaf, affecting drought sensitivity.
Developing a comprehensive career development scale for public health nurses in Japan
Authors: Saeki Kazuko , Hirano Michiyo , Honda Hikaru , Asahara Kiyomi
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This study aims to develop a scale that can comprehensively measure public health nurses'(PHNs) career development and to verify the validity and reliability of that scale.

Design and samples

This study is a cross‐sectional investigation. The participants were 1,009 PHNs working in a government facility in Japan. A total of 586 participants who had been working for more than 3 years as PHNs were analyzed.

Measurements

Anonymous self‐response questionnaires included items on professional awareness, practical competency, and job satisfaction. We conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the construct validity of the scale. The reliability was examined by the Cronbach's α coefficient. The validity was examined by an external reference relevant validity and the known‐group method.

Results

The scale was structured with 32 items covering three factors: “community activities, policy, and management,” “PHN identity,” and “foundations as a PHN.” The Cronbach's α coefficients were all greater than 0.9. In confirmatory factor analysis, the scale showed acceptable goodness of fit.

Conclusions

The comprehensive career development scale for PHNs proved its reliability and validity. This scale may be useful to promote PHN identity and competency comprehensively in basic education and in‐charge education.
Impact of prairie fragment size on proportion of females and reproductive success of Lobelia spicata Lam., a gynodioecious species
Authors: Byers D. L.
Published: October 2019

Due to ongoing human impacts, plant species increasingly occur in landscapes that are highly fragmented, with remaining natural habitats occupying small areas, resulting in populations that are smaller and more isolated than in previous time periods. This changed metapopulation structure is expected to have negative impacts on seed production. For example, the proportion of female plants within gynodioecious populations may be more volatile due to genetic drift in small populations associated with small habitat fragments, with concomitant impacts on seed production. My aims were to determine: (i) if variation in proportion of females is larger in smaller fragments; and (ii) if such changes in female frequency in small fragments result in reduced seed production.

Thirty‐two populations of Lobelia spicata Lam., a gynodioecious species, were surveyed in 2000, 2001 and 2009 in the tallgrass prairie region of Midwestern North America (Illinois and Indiana, USA). Data were collected for: proportion of female plants, total number of flowering plants (measure of population size), seed set per plant and prairie fragment size (another measure of population size).

The proportion of females is more variable in smaller prairie fragments. Seed number per fruit decreases as the proportion of females increases in a population, but only significantly for female plants. The number of flowering plants is positively associated with fruit production for both genders. Populations within larger prairie fragments have higher seed production.

The reproductive consequences of habitat fragmentation depend on the plant breeding system. While both sexes were negatively impacted, females were more adversely affected.
Reduced‐dose plerixafor as a mobilization strategy in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: a proof of concept study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Aguirre Cesar Homero , Alvarado‐Navarro Dalila Marisol , Palomares‐Leal Alain , Mejía‐Jaramillo Gerardo , Salazar‐Riojas Rosario , León Andrés Gómez‐De , Colunga‐Pedraza Perla Rocío , Sotomayor‐Duque Guillermo , Jaime‐Pérez José Carlos , Cantú‐Rodríguez Olga Graciela , del Carmen Tarín‐Arzaga Luz , Flores‐Jiménez Juan Antonio , Gómez‐Almaguer David
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an effective treatment for patients with relapsing myeloma or lymphoma, diseases associated with unsuccessful peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. Plerixafor is a potent mobilizing agent, allowing more CD34+ cells to be obtained; however, the main obstacle for its use is its high cost. Our aim was to demonstrate that of the use of reduced doses of plerixafor (RD‐plerixafor) can be sufficient to collect at least 2 × 106/Kg CD34+ PBSC in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or lymphoma undergoing ASCT.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty patients were mobilized with filgrastim (10 μg/kg/4 days) plus a single dose of plerixafor 0.12 mg/kg in Day 4. Apheresis collection was performed on Day 5. One vial of plerixafor was used for two patients. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03244930.

RESULTS

Cell mobilization and collection was successful in 85% of patients (≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells per kilogram). The median collected CD34+ cell count was 4.62 × 106/kg (range, 1.27‐24.5). A 4.1‐fold‐increase in the median CD34+ PBSC pre‐count was observed (from 10.4/μl to 42.4/μl) after RD‐plerixafor administration. Seven patients had mild to moderate adverse events.

CONCLUSION

RD‐plerixafor is an effective, safe, and affordable strategy to ensure adequate PBSC mobilization in patients with MM or lymphoma who undergo ASCT.
Decreased incidence of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia and faster anesthesia recovery with increased environmental temperature: A nonrandomized controlled study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Diaz Jenniffer M. , Hayes Galina M. , Boesch Jordyn , Martin‐Flores Manuel , Sumner Julia P. , Hayashi Kei , Ma Eureka , Todhunter Rory J.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To determine perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) incidence, risk factors, prevention methods, and effect of PIH prevention on anesthesia recovery times.

Study design

Nonrandomized controlled before‐and‐after trial.

Animals

Dogs (n = 277) and cats (n = 20) undergoing open surgery.

Methods

Incidence and risk factors for PIH (core temperature <96.8°F), existing thermal care practices, and recovery times were documented at baseline. For group 1, a thermal care bundle consisting of protocol‐driven active warming combined with raised environmental temperatures (75°F) in induction rooms (IR) and operating rooms (OR) was implemented. Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence and recovery times were recorded. For group 2, baseline active warming practices were resumed while environmental temperatures remained elevated.

Results

Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia was associated with preoperative imaging (P = .039) and percentage clip area (P = .037). Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia decreased in group 1 (13.5%, n = 96, P < .001) and group 2 (13.0%, n = 100, P < .001) compared with baseline (35.6%, n = 101). Median time from anesthesia withdrawal to extubation decreased in group 1 (5 minutes, P = .028) and group 2 (5 minutes, P = .018) compared with baseline (7 minutes). Median time from anesthesia recovery to spontaneous food intake decreased in group 1 (6 hours, n = 92, P = .016) but not in group 2 (6.0 hours, n = 88, P = .060) compared with baseline (n = 94, 6.7 hours). No group differences in PIH risk factors were identified.

Conclusion

Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence was high but reducible by raising environmental temperatures alone or in combination with increased focus on active warming. Reductions in PIH shortened recovery times.

Clinical significance

Maintaining IR and OR temperatures at the standard‐of‐care for human pediatric surgery reduces PIH and may improve outcomes.
Ointments containing Ceratothoa oestroides extract: Evaluation of their healing potential in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Meimeti Evangelia , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Manes Christos , Loupa Chariclia , Provatopoulou Xeni , Mostratos Dimitrios , Vitsos Andreas , Roussis Vassilios , Tzouvelekis Leonidas , Miriagou Vivi , Rallis Michail
Published: October 2019

Diabetic foot ulceration is a common and severe complication of diabetes, causing substantial social, medical, and economic burdens. Treatment of foot ulcers remains challenging, thus requiring increasing awareness and more efficient management. This study investigates the efficacy of ointments, containing as main active ingredient the olive oil extract of the marine isopod Ceratothoa oestroides, in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Fifty‐two patients were allocated into four treatment groups either receiving therapy with an ointment containing extract of C. oestroides or extract of C. oestroides and eosin or extract of C. oestroides and cefaclor or no treatment. Patients were monitored for a period of 135 days by evaluation of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, planimetry, photo‐documentation, and clinical condition. Treatment with the extract of C. oestroides demonstrated significant healing properties that became evident after 45 days of treatment and resulted in complete ulcer healing in 61% of the patients. A significant improvement in transepidermal water loss (p < 0.001), skin hydration levels (p < 0.001), and wound area (p < 0.001) was observed in all patients. Similar efficacy was demonstrated for the combination of C. oestroides extract with eosin treatment (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the combination of C. oestroides extract with cefaclor antibiotic agent completely inhibited the healing properties of the isopod extract and did not improve water loss, skin hydration, or wound area. An important factor for C. oestroides extract healing properties is its selective activity against Gram negative bacteria. Ointments containing C. oestroides extract alone or combined with the antimicrobial agent eosin emerges as an effective regimen for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
The Value and Impact of a Brief Study Abroad Experience on Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Counseling Students’ Learning
Authors: Brooks Michael , Wolfgang Jeff D. , Smith Shirlene , Gay Yasmin , Ward Yvonne
Published: October 2019

This was an exploratory study that sought to understand the experiences and benefits of counseling graduate students from a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). These doctoral and master’s students engaged in a brief study abroad experience centered on learning about the historical aspects of counseling in two European locations (Vienna, Austria and London, England). The qualitative methodology used in this study was the naturalist inquiry method, which emphasizes the importance of here-and-now experiences, critical reflections, and dialogues. With a sample size of eight, these tools allowed for a humanistic portrayal while being flexible enough for a creative synthesis in terms of understanding the process as the data portrayed it. Despite the limitations of having a pre-set program type, limited financial resources, and limited sample: this study discovered four themes in the experiences of the counseling students: (1) Self-fulfillment (believing in my own ability to grow), (2) Engaging in painless deep learning, (3) Values and impact, and (4) Study abroad is a “Big Deal”.
Paternal diet impairs F1 and F2 offspring vascular function through sperm and seminal plasma specific mechanisms in mice
Authors: Morgan Hannah L. , Paganopoulou Panaigota , Akhtar Sofia , Urquhart Natalie , Philomin Ranmini , Dickinson Yasmin , Watkins Adam J.
Published: October 2019

Key points

A low protein diet had minimal effects on paternal cardiovascular function or renin–angiotensin system activity.

Paternal low protein diet modified F1 neonatal and adult offspring renin–angiotensin system activity and cardiovascular function in a sperm and/or seminal plasma specific manner.

Paternal low protein diet modified F1 male offspring testicular expression of central epigenetic regulators.

Significant changes in F2 neonatal offspring growth and tissue angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity were programmed by paternal low protein diet in a sperm and/or seminal plasma specific manner.

Although the impact of maternal diet on adult offspring health is well characterized, the role that a father's diet has on his offspring's health remains poorly defined. We establish the significance of a sup‐optimal paternal low protein diet for offspring vascular homeostasis and define the sperm and seminal plasma specific programming effects on cardiovascular health. Male C57BL6 mice were fed either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 7 weeks. Using artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomized male mating, we generated offspring derived from either NPD or LPD sperm (devoid of seminal plasma) but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma (devoid of sperm). We observed that either LPD sperm or seminal fluid at conception impaired adult offspring vascular function in response to both vasoconstrictors and dilators. Underlying these changes in vascular function were significant changes in serum, lung and kidney angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity, established in F1 offspring from 3 weeks of age, maintained into adulthood and present also within juvenile F2 offspring. Furthermore, we observed differential expression of multiple central renin–angiotensin system regulators in adult offspring kidneys. Finally, paternal diet modified the expression profiles of central epigenetic regulators of DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA methylation in adult F1 male testes. These novel data reveal the impact of sub‐optimal paternal nutrition on offspring cardiovascular well‐being, programming offspring cardiovascular function through both sperm and seminal plasma specific mechanisms over successive generations.
Desarrollo humano de estudiantes universitarios. Explorando la relación entre usos y aprovechamiento de las TIC y la autonomía personal
Authors: Zermeño Flores Ana Isabel , Navarrete Vega Mabel Andrea , González Sánchez Renato
Published: October 2019

Este artículo explora, desde la perspectiva de las tecnologías de información y comunicación para el desarrollo, los usos, aprovechamiento y opiniones sobre las TIC con el propósito de conocer su incidencia en la autonomía personal de estudiantes universitarios en comunicación. Es un estudio exploratorio, diacrónico y cuantitativo en el que se aplica una encuesta a estudiantes de la Universidad de Colima y la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila en los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Entre los principales hallazgos está que ni el acceso al repertorio tecnológico ni las habilidades digitales constituyen condiciones suficientes expandir la autonomía personal en estos jóvenes, como condición del desarrollo humano.
Towards a Definition of Virtual Community
Authors: Agostini Stefano , Mechant Peter
Published: October 2019

Online, communities of people aggregate, sharing common interests, ideas, and feelings over the Internet. In this article we focus on the concept of so-called virtual communities (VCs) from a theoretical and empirical perspective. We want to provide a definition from desk research which can be useful on the theoretical and the empirical level. Moreover, we compare it with the definition that emerges from the interviews, which is typical from the qualitative approach perspective. Research questions (RQs) are: (1) How can a VC be defined? and (2) How is a VC defined by its users? We used Porter’s typology of VCs to select four case studies and conducted 49 in-depth interviews with their members. Our study points to the applicability and usefulness of Porter's typology of virtual communities and suggests a new approach for defining the concept VC.
Partitioned Coupling for Structural Acoustics
Authors: Bunting Gregory , Miller Scott T.
Published: October 2019

We expand the second-order fluid–structure coupling scheme of Farhat et al. (1998, “Load and Motion Transfer Algorithms for 19 Fluid/Structure Interaction Problems With Non-Matching Discrete Interfaces: Momentum and Energy Conservation, Optimal Discretization and Application to Aeroelasticity,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 157(1–2), pp. 95–114; 2006, “Provably Second-Order Time-Accurate Loosely-Coupled Solution Algorithms for Transient Nonlinear Computational Aeroelasticity,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 195(17), pp. 1973–2001) to structural acoustics. The staggered structural acoustics solution method is demonstrated to be second-order accurate in time, and numerical results are compared to a monolithically coupled system. The partitioned coupling method is implemented in the Sierra Mechanics software suite, allowing for the loose coupling of time domain acoustics in sierra/sd to structural dynamics (sierra/sd) or solid mechanics (sierra/sm). The coupling is demonstrated to work for nonconforming meshes. Results are verified for a one-dimensional piston, and the staggered and monolithic results are compared to an exact solution. Huang, H. (1969, “Transient Interaction of Plane Acoustic Waves With a Spherical Elastic Shell,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 45(3), pp. 661–670) sphere scattering problem with a spherically spreading acoustic load demonstrates parallel capability on a complex problem. Our numerical results compare well for a bronze plate submerged in water and sinusoidally excited (Fahnline and Shepherd, 2017, “Transient Finite Element/Equivalent Sources Using Direct Coupling and Treating the Acoustic Coupling Matrix as Sparse,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 142(2), pp. 1011–1024).
A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
Authors: Dainese Matteo , Martin Emily A. , Aizen Marcelo A. , Albrecht Matthias , Bartomeus Ignasi , Bommarco Riccardo , Carvalheiro Luisa G. , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca , Gagic Vesna , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Ghazoul Jaboury , Grab Heather , Jonsson Mattias , Karp Daniel S. , Kennedy Christina M. , Kleijn David , Kremen Claire , Landis Douglas A. , Letourneau Deborah K. , Marini Lorenzo , Poveda Katja , Rader Romina , Smith Henrik G. , Tscharntke Teja , Andersson Georg K. S. , Badenhausser Isabelle , Baensch Svenja , Bezerra Antonio Diego M. , Bianchi Felix J. J. A. , Boreux Virginie , Bretagnolle Vincent , Caballero-Lopez Berta , Cavigliasso Pablo , Ćetković Aleksandar , Chacoff Natacha P. , Classen Alice , Cusser Sarah , da Silva e Silva Felipe D. , de Groot G. Arjen , Dudenhöffer Jan H. , Ekroos Johan , Fijen Thijs , Franck Pierre , Freitas Breno M. , Garratt Michael P. D. , Gratton Claudio , Hipólito Juliana , Holzschuh Andrea , Hunt Lauren , Iverson Aaron L. , Jha Shalene , Keasar Tamar , Kim Tania N. , Kishinevsky Miriam , Klatt Björn K. , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Krewenka Kristin M. , Krishnan Smitha , Larsen Ashley E. , Lavigne Claire , Liere Heidi , Maas Bea , Mallinger Rachel E. , Martinez Pachon Eliana , Martínez-Salinas Alejandra , Meehan Timothy D. , Mitchell Matthew G. E. , Molina Gonzalo A. R. , Nesper Maike , Nilsson Lovisa , O'Rourke Megan E. , Peters Marcell K. , Plećaš Milan , Potts Simon G. , Ramos Davi de L. , Rosenheim Jay A. , Rundlöf Maj , Rusch Adrien , Sáez Agustín , Scheper Jeroen , Schleuning Matthias , Schmack Julia M. , Sciligo Amber R. , Seymour Colleen , Stanley Dara A. , Stewart Rebecca , Stout Jane C. , Sutter Louis , Takada Mayura B. , Taki Hisatomo , Tamburini Giovanni , Tschumi Matthias , Viana Blandina F. , Westphal Catrin , Willcox Bryony K. , Wratten Stephen D. , Yoshioka Akira , Zaragoza-Trello Carlos , Zhang Wei , Zou Yi , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf
Published: October 2019

Biodiversity benefits pollination, pest control, and crop productivity but suffers from land-use intensification.
The treatment of cocaine use disorder
Authors: Kampman Kyle M.
Published: October 2019

Current treatments for cocaine use disorder are often ineffective; new treatments are needed and are under development.
CD80 Plays a Critical Role in Increased Inflammatory Responses in Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Mouse Corneas
Authors: Tormanen Kati , Wang Shaohui , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: October 2019

HSV-1 ocular infections are the leading cause of corneal blindness. Eye disease is the result of a prolonged immune response to the replicating virus. HSV-1, on the other hand, has evolved several mechanisms to evade clearance by the host immune system. We describe a novel mechanism of HSV-1 immune evasion via ICP22-dependent downregulation of the host T cell costimulatory molecule CD80. However, the exact role of CD80 in HSV-1 immune pathology is not clear. In this study, we show that eye disease is independent of the level of HSV-1 replication and that viral expression of CD80 has a detrimental role in corneal scarring, likely by increasing CD8+T cell recruitment and activation.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Mycolicibacterium
sp. Strain 018/SC-01/001, Isolated from the Marine Sponge
Iotrochota
sp
Authors: Ong Ji Fa Marshall , Tan Lik Tong
Published: October 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a marine bacterium,
Mycolicibacterium
sp. strain 018/SC-01/001, isolated from the marine sponge
Iotrochota
sp. collected from the Singapore Strait. The analysis of the bacterial genome using the bioinformatics tool antiSMASH 4.0.2 revealed the presence of a number of unique natural product biosynthetic pathways.
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas Phage Pokken
Authors: Hayden Ashley , Martinez Nicholas , Moreland Russell , Liu Mei , Gonzalez Carlos F. , Gill Jason J. , Ramsey Jolene
Published: October 2019

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections, a problem for immunocompromised patients and those with cystic fibrosis. Here, we present the new
S. maltophilia
-infecting podophage Pokken. Its 76,239-bp genome, with 92 protein-coding genes and 5 tRNA genes predicted, is similar to that of phage N4.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain AC001, a Novel Cultured Member of the Human Oral Microbiome from the Candidate Phylum
Saccharibacteria
(TM7)
Authors: Collins Andrew J. , Murugkar Pallavi P. , Dewhirst Floyd E.
Published: October 2019

Strain AC001 is a cultured representative of human microbial taxon 488, a bacterium from the candidate phylum
Saccharibacteria
. It is an obligate parasite with a genome of <0.9 Mb and grows in coculture with its host,
Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum
. The complete genome sequence is presented here.
Organic carbon isotopes in terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary sections of North China: Implications for global carbon cycle perturbations
Authors: Wu Yuyang , Tong Jinnan , Algeo Thomas J. , Chu Daoliang , Cui Ying , Song Huyue , Shu Wenchao , Du Yong
Published: October 2019

The end-Permian mass extinction (ca. 252 Ma) represents the most severe biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic, and it was accompanied by profound environmental perturbations, especially to the global carbon cycle, as indicated by sharp negative carbon isotope excursions (CIE) in both carbonates (δ13Ccarb) and organic matter (δ13Corg). To date, carbon isotope records are mostly from marine Permian-Triassic transitional sequences with relatively few high-resolution carbon isotope profiles having been generated for terrestrial facies. Terrestrial Permian-Triassic sequences suitable for high-resolution carbon isotope study are rare globally and are difficult to correlate with better-studied marine sequences. However, carbon isotope records from continental facies are essential to a full understanding of global carbon cycle changes during the Permian-Triassic transition. Here, we present bulk δ13Corg profiles for three terrestrial sections in North China representing Permian-Triassic transitional beds. These profiles exhibit similar patterns of secular variation defining three stages: (1) a pre-CIE interval, (2) a CIE interval, characterized by a rapid negative shift of 1.7‰–2.2‰ within the middle part of the Sunjiagou Formation, and (3) a post-CIE interval. The similarity of the CIE in all three study sections facilitates correlations among them, and its presence in the Permian-Triassic transitional beds suggests that it is equivalent to the negative CIE at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan global stratotype section and point (GSSP) and in coeval marine and terrestrial sections globally. The end-Permian CIE was probably triggered by a massive release of 13C-depleted carbon from volcanogenic sources leading to elevated atmospheric pCO2, although oceanic sources of CO2 cannot be ruled out at present.
Grand Canyon provenance for orthoquartzite clasts in the lower Miocene of coastal southern California
Authors: Sabbeth Leah , Wernicke Brian P. , Raub Timothy D. , Grover Jeffrey A. , Lander E. Bruce , Kirschvink Joseph L.
Published: October 2019

Orthoquartzite detrital source regions in the Cordilleran interior yield clast populations with distinct spectra of paleomagnetic inclinations and detrital zircon ages that can be used to trace the provenance of gravels deposited along the western margin of the Cordilleran orogen. An inventory of characteristic remnant magnetizations (CRMs) from >700 sample cores from orthoquartzite source regions defines a low-inclination population of Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic age in the Mojave Desert–Death Valley region (and in correlative strata in Sonora, Mexico) and a moderate- to high-inclination population in the 1.1 Ga Shinumo Formation in eastern Grand Canyon. Detrital zircon ages can be used to distinguish Paleoproterozoic to mid-Mesoproterozoic (1.84–1.20 Ga) clasts derived from the central Arizona highlands region from clasts derived from younger sources that contain late Mesoproterozoic zircons (1.20–1.00 Ga). Characteristic paleomagnetic magnetizations were measured in 44 densely cemented orthoquartzite clasts, sampled from lower Miocene portions of the Sespe Formation in the Santa Monica and Santa Ana mountains and from a middle Eocene section in Simi Valley. Miocene Sespe clast inclinations define a bimodal population with modes near 15° and 45°. Eight samples from the steeper Miocene mode for which detrital zircon spectra were obtained all have spectra with peaks at 1.2, 1.4, and 1.7 Ga. One contains Paleozoic and Mesozoic peaks and is probably Jurassic. The remaining seven define a population of clasts with the distinctive combination of moderate to high inclination and a cosmopolitan age spectrum with abundant grains younger than 1.2 Ga. The moderate to high inclinations rule out a Mojave Desert–Death Valley or Sonoran region source population, and the cosmopolitan detrital zircon spectra rule out a central Arizona highlands source population. The Shinumo Formation, presently exposed only within a few hundred meters elevation of the bottom of eastern Grand Canyon, thus remains the only plausible, known source for the moderate- to high-inclination clast population. If so, then the Upper Granite Gorge of the eastern Grand Canyon had been eroded to within a few hundred meters of its current depth by early Miocene time (ca. 20 Ma). Such an unroofing event in the eastern Grand Canyon region is independently confirmed by (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Inclusion of the eastern Grand Canyon region in the Sespe drainage system is also independently supported by detrital zircon age spectra of Sespe sandstones. Collectively, these data define a mid-Tertiary, SW-flowing “Arizona River” drainage system between the rapidly eroding eastern Grand Canyon region and coastal California.
Разлeт плотной плазмы смеси дейтерия и трития в пустое пространство, в котором имеется магнитное поле
Authors: Розов Андрей Леонидович , Rozov Andrei Leonidovich , Атоян Грант Левонович , Atoyan Grant Levonovich , Тяпко А Г , Tyapko A G
Published: October 2019

Работа направлена на определение параметров расширяющейся во внешнее магнитное поле плотной плазмы смеси дейтерия и трития, при которых выход термоядерной энергии из плазмы компенсирует или превосходит начальную тепловую энергию плазмы. Обычно оценки такого рода делаются на основе использования критерия Лоусона. В данной работе указанные параметры определяются на основе модели адиабатического разлeта в окружающее однородное магнитное поле плазменного шара в магнитогидродинамическом приближении для некоторых специальных режимов разлeта, обеспечивающих автомодельное распределение газодинамических величин. Полученные минимальные значения затрачиваемой тепловой энергии, при которых достигается еe равенство получаемой интегральной энергии синтеза, сравниваются с оценками, полученными для условий инерционного термоядерного синтеза.
Child with serogroup W135 primary meningococcal septic arthritis
Authors: Fidder AR , de Hartog Bas , Faber Tina
Published: October 2019

Over the last decade, there has been a concerning increase in the number of invasive meningococcal serotype W infections in Europe. Although sepsis and meningitis are the most feared complications, focal complications of systemic disease such as pneumonia, pericarditis and arthritis can also occur. We present a rare case of isolated meningococcal W135 arthritis of the hip without invasive meningococcal disease in a 6-year-old patient.
Transient neonatal hypothyroidism secondary to postnatal maternal exposure to contrast medium
Authors: Themelin Céline , Pierron Charlotte , Calafat Jean-Felix , de Beaufort Carine
Published: October 2019

We report a preterm breastfed infant who developed a transient hypothyroidism after his lactating mother had a CT scan with iodinated contrast medium, despite the advised 24 hours’ pause in breast feeding. The aetiological assessment did not show any other cause for this hypothyroidism. Transient neonatal hypothyroidism after the use of topical iodine is well known, but it has not been described as a complication of intravenous contrast medium administration to a lactating mother. This case highlights the possibility of transient neonatal hypothyroidism secondary to contrast medium exposure to a lactating mother. When imaging is needed in the lactating mother, a longer break in breast feeding might be needed to prevent transient hypothyroidism in the preterm infant.