bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WELLBEING AT WORK: ALIGNING PURPOSES, PEOPLE, STRATEGIES
AND STRUCTURES
Authors: Stamp Gillian , Stamp Colin
Published: September 2004

Argues that to survive and prosper in the political, social and
economic climate of the 1990s and beyond, organizations must find a new
way of achieving viability by aligning purposes, people, strategies and
structures. Four linked procedures offer a proven way of contributing to
viability by viewing the contribution of individuals in the light of
organizational purpose. Career Path Appreciation (CPA) is a
one‐to‐one interview that allows a trained practitioner to arrive, in
two to three hours, at a view about a person′s current and likely future
capability to make effective decisions. This is shared first with the
respondent and then with the organization. Career Path Mapping (CPM) enables the understanding offered by CPA to be used for the mutual
benefit of organization and individual. The Work Journal (WJ)
enables people who have recently moved to a new level of responsibility
to set down their thoughts and actions in a systematic format that
encourages reflection. Organization Mapping (OM) offers an
optimal model, indicating where energy can be effectively focused to
bring about lasting change, taking into account purpose, patterns of
communication and culture, and indicating the relationship between
individual capability and the way in which work is structured at seven
different levels.
Capability based formulation and solution of multiple objective cell formation problems using simulated annealing
Authors: Baykasog¯lu Adil , Gindy Nabil N.Z. , Cobb Richard C.
Published: September 2004

An integer multiple objective non‐linear mathematical programming formulation is developed for simultaneously forming part/machine cells. In the proposed model, generic capability units which are termed as resource elements are used to define the processing requirements of parts and processing capabilities of machine tools. Machine capabilities are not generally taken into account in the previous cell formation procedures. Explicit consideration of unique and overlapping machine capabilities can result in better manufacturing cell designs with higher utilisation levels and less machine duplication. The proposed cell formation model has distinguishing features. Several important cell formation objectives, such as minimisation of part dissimilarity (based on production requirements and processing sequences of parts) in formed cells, minimisation of cell load imbalance, and minimisation of extra capacity requirements for cell formation, are considered. In order to solve the mathematical programming model, a simulated annealing algorithm is developed. Cooperative game theoretic approach is applied for evaluating multiple objectives.
Concurrent process and facility prototyping for formation of virtual manufacturing cells
Authors: Ratchev Svetan M.
Published: September 2004

Reports on a new methodology for formation of virtual (“extended”) machining cells using generic capability patterns termed “resource elements”. Resource elements are used to uniquely describe the processing requirements of the component mix and dynamically match them to the processing capabilities of the machining shop. The virtual cell formation methodology is based on four steps: component requirement analysis and generation of processing alternatives; definition of virtual cell capability boundaries; machine tool selection; and system evaluation. The proposed methodology facilitates the dynamic formation of virtual manufacturing structures by providing accurate assessment of the component processing requirements and their matching with the available capabilities of the existing manufacturing facilities.
Work Scheduling through Manufacturing Cells
Authors: Mitchell L. , Spurgeon D.
Published: September 2004

Aspects of work undertaken at a large sheet metal‐manufacturing
facility are examined. The adoption of a new strategy involved the
creation of a cell layout together with new systems of control. It is
shown that the proper choice and use of appropriate scheduling rules
have a considerable effect on performance criteria. With adequate
resources and retrieval of information from the MRP system, the use of
structured rules enables the master production schedule to be revised to
reflect changes in the anticipated demand and capacity.
A New Paradigm for the Organisation of Manufacturing
Authors: Smith Stuart , Tranfield David , Ley Clive , Bessant John , Levy Paul
Published: September 2004

The article argues that many of the difficulties encountered in exploiting computer‐integrated technologies result from their being implemented as part of an attempt to change from a mass production to a flexible manufacturing paradigm. It is further argued that this also requires changes in the organisational paradigm in order to create a social system capable of supporting flexible manufacturing. Results of a study of 28 companies and 46 applications of computer‐integrated technologies are reported showing that there are widespread changes in organisation at the levels of work, management and inter‐organisational relationships. The empirical findings support the argument of a paradigm shift and detail the organisational dimensions on which this is taking place.
Implementing Just‐in‐Time Assembly Methods in a
Medium‐sized Scottish Electronics Company
Authors: van der Meer Robert , Lawrie Norman , Moon Hwang Sun
Published: September 2004

There are both “Swedish” and “Japanese”
models for the organization of final assembly. Discusses the theoretical
and historical background to these models and the main practical
differences between them. Provides an empirical study based on action
research conducted in the final assembly area of a Scottish electronics
company. The aims of the research were to effect change in the company
by applying just‐in‐time (JIT) assembly methods, and to observe the
process of change and the consequences for production of the cellular
approach to assembly and the formation of assembly teams. Two projects
were undertaken. In the first, a JIT cell was built for the assembly of
a new product; this cell and an existing, conventional flowline operated
in parallel for a period. In the second, a work team was formed,
consisting of the operators assembling an older product on a
machine‐paced line; the members of this team were given a significantly
higher level of work autonomy than before. Provides a detailed account
of the two projects.
Repetitive and Intermittent Manufacturing: Comparison of
Characteristics
Authors: De Toni Alberto , Panizzolo Roberto
Published: September 2004

Proposes a classification of different production categories and
their respective productive systems and defines various classes of
plants which carry out repetitive manufacturing. Also examines the
applicative possibilities of repetitive production in regard to
production volumes required and grades of flexibility necessary. Among
the intermittent production systems described are those which present
strong analogies with repetitive manufacturing systems; in particular
that of the Zanussi‐Electrolux plant in Susegana, Italy. Finally,
describes the fundamental elements which differentiate repetitive
production from intermittent production.
Computer Assisted Geometric Analysis of Components for
Automatic Assembly
Authors: Lye Sun‐Woh , Ong Nan‐Shing
Published: September 2004

Assembly cost is one of the major contributing factors in the total
manufacturing cost equation. It has been estimated, particularly in the
mechanical and electrical industries, that assembly costs can account
for over 50 per cent of the overall manufacturing costs. Discussed is
the development of a low‐cost PC‐based computer assisted tool, used to
analyse the component geometric features from an engineering drawing for
automatic assembly. A description of the algorithms used to evaluate the
overall geometric dimensions, its alpha and beta symmetries from a DXF
file will also be made. Goes on to compare the results between the
simulated runs and the actual ones of various complex 2‐D and 21/2‐D
components and this has been found to be satisfactory. Quicker estimates
of the component handling times for assembly can therefore be achieved.
The Integration of Design and Manufacture ‐A Quantum Leap
Authors: Hunt Ian , Roberts Simon , Jones Roy
Published: September 2004

New product “time to market” in the information
technology (IT) industry is increasingly critical to a company′s
competitiveness. Early product release into the marketplace will ensure
higher profit margins, quicker returns on investment and therefore
greater opportunity for a company to retain its market leadership in
that product area. ICL Manufacturing Division is in the process of
implementing information systems which support concurrent engineering
concepts and facilitate automated processing of information from design
to manufacturing. These integrated systems are based on distributed
relational database technologies and open system standards. Provides an
overview of the facilities and topology of the implemented environments
within the engineering planning areas.
Work Design and Computer Controlled Systems: Job Analysis
under Automation – ATAA
Authors: Wachter Hartmut , Modrow‐Thiel Brita , Rossmann Giselind
Published: September 2004

Changing market demands in the metal‐working industry have led to
the implementation and development of flexible computer controlled
communication and production technologies. The presented method of job
analysis, ATAA, is based on the theory of action regulation. ATAA aims
to provide a planning instrument for future job structures and job
requirements, and their consequences for qualification and human
resource management, dependent on the choices in organization and job
design. The instrument should provide decision makers in industry, both
managers and works councils, with the knowledge and a procedure to
perform the analysis without the help of an expert. The method is
developed to analyse and design tasks in production and associated areas
in mechanical engineering. It has been tested and the method was used by
practitioners, for when it proved to be reliable, valid and useful for
practitioners.
A Cost‐based Classification System: Non‐standard Route
Manufacturing
Authors: Zhuang Lizhang , Burns George
Published: September 2004

The recent social and economic changes have resulted in a
polarization of product standardization. While some products are
constantly demanded to be of internationally recognized standards,
others are increasingly required to cater for the needs of individual
customers. A growing number of manufacturers serving the latter market
are therefore being pushed into a Non‐standard Route Manufacturing
(NSRM) situation where product volatility is the norm. Common problems
facing these firms include marketing strategies, product costing, and
corporate business planning. Under the circumstances product
classification is identified as an effective tool to tackle these
problems. Based on dissection theory, proposes a Cost Based Product
Classification (CBPC) system. The establishment of a CBPC system
consists of two major stages, system design and system use. Following a step‐by‐step guide, includes a practical example
demonstrating how a system of this kind may be implemented.
Budgeting in the information age: a fresh approach
Authors: Brander Brown Jackie , Atkinson Helen
Published: September 2004

For hospitality organizations to compete successfully in the emerging information age, with its emphasis on innovation, quality and speed, it is suggested that they must adopt more flexible, responsive and empowered management structures. However, if such developments are to prove effective, it is essential that hospitality organizations also overhaul their accounting systems, most of which were designed to support the previous industrial era’s focus on volume and productivity. Indeed, there is a concern that traditional budgeting systems – with their typical bureaucratic encouragement of internally‐focused, department‐centred cost minimization – may present a significant barrier to effective change. It is proposed instead that a fresh approach to the objectives of budgeting is needed, involving “alternative steering mechanisms” that promote empowerment, flexibility and knowledge‐sharing. This suggestion is supported by evidence from an American hotel where such a fresh approach to budgeting has been developing, “matching” its more progressive management structure.
Revenue management – the contribution of the finance function to profitability
Authors: Burgess Cathy , Bryant Keith
Published: September 2004

Literature in the area of revenue (or yield) management concentrates largely on the operational issues of maximising revenues. The issues of profitability have been considered in recent years but practical attempts to implement an approach which recognises the profitability of different market segments have been problematic. This article considers the literature in the area of profitability and revenue management and then addresses the issues regarding its implementation. The need for accurate financial information is crucial and the provision of this relies on sophisticated systems which will analyse and predict appropriate data. Developments in technology are progressing rapidly and will provide the opportunity to expand the use of information for managers. Given the involvement of the finance function in the design and use of information systems their contribution to this development is now emerging as crucial to this process and the resultant increase in hotel profitability.
Competencies for Hotel Management: Industry Expectations of
Education
Authors: Baum Tom
Published: September 2004

This article considers the very important issue of the expectations
that employers in the hotel sector hold regarding graduate entrants. The
article reports on a study in the UK which replicates and compares
findings with a similar survey in the USA – 36 key competencies
were rated by 118 general managers of hotels with more than 150
bedrooms. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the priority given to
these competencies; their implications for educators; and the cultural
variation implicit in comparing the US and UK findings.
Managing Instability in the Hospitality Operations
Environment. Part One: Variability
Authors: Brotherton Bob , Coyle Mike
Published: September 2004

Increasing complexity and scale in hospitality company operations
combined with intensifying competition in a maturing market is creating
an unstable and rapidly changing strategic and operational environment
for the hospitality industry. Such instability often leads to the
generation of unnecessary and undesirable variety in organisational
structures, processes and products. The consequence of this is
frequently an increase in complexity for the hospitality operations
manager. This issue is addressed through an analysis of the sources of
variability and a consideration of potential techniques to avoid, reduce
or eliminate the incidence of this instability as a means to reduce
complexity and enhance performance.
Cleansing the Food Chain
Authors: Silverstone Rob
Published: September 2004

The causes of the recent increase in food contamination in the UK
are examined. The scope extends beyond the normal focus on kitchen
hygiene, to encompass malpractice at the supply end of the food chain.
It is contended that the situation can be improved by making food policy
consumer‐ rather than producer‐oriented; streamlining government
responsibility for food safety, and breaking the culture of secrecy that
pervades food policy; and instituting comprehensive hygiene management
programmes.
Experienced Staff and Tailoring Food Service
Authors: Sparrow John , Ingold Tony , Huyton Jeremy , Baker Jonathan
Published: September 2004

Customer service training for food service staff is typically
structured around simple procedures (often based on acronyms) and is
restricted to induction training. Two potential limitations stem from
these practices: current training may fail to address the subtle general
changes in approach which come with experience in food service: current
approaches may not highlight the differences in service situations which
could benefit from changes in specific behaviour, i.e. situations to
which customer service can be tailored. Describes a study identifying
the sophistication of food service skills and highlights many general
behavioural differences between novice and experienced staff. Reveals a
framework of different customer/ situation contexts to which service
behaviours can be tailored. Discusses the implications of the study for
staff training.
The CRE’s Investigation into the UK Hotel Industry
Authors: Jameson S.M. , Hamylton K.
Published: September 2004

Summarizes the Commission for Racial Equality′s (CRE) formal
investigation into recruitment and selection in the UK hotel industry.
Explains why the Commission was interested in the hotel industry and
discusses the importance of the hotel industry to the UK economy. The
rationale for the research method which determined a sample of 117
hotels is proposed and a summary of the major findings is included. The
results of the survey concluded that, in general, the UK hotel industry
has taken few initiatives towards equality of opportunity and that
suitably qualified ethnic minority applicants do not apply for careers
in hotel management.
Work Attitudes and Management Values: The Hospitality
Industry
Authors: Ross Glenn F.
Published: September 2004

Examines the relationships among a set of management values, a set
of tourism and hospitality industry job adaption/advancement strategies,
measures of the work ethic and a range of socio‐demographic measures
within a sample of Australian high school students from a major tourism
host community. Most students would elect to gain further qualifications
and skills in order to obtain a better position within the tourism and
hospitality industry. Most students regarded as important the need for
management to require employees to: achieve highly; maintain amicable
relationships with fellow workers; demonstrate autonomy in their job
performance; and abide by sufficient regulations and rules for the
smooth running of the enterprise. Explores the implications of the study
for the tourism and hospitality industry.
Quality Management in the Hospitality Industry: Part 2. Applications, Systems and Techniques
Authors: Johns Nick
Published: September 2004

Reviews the development of systems and techniques in the hospitality industry. Describes the transfer of quality management applications from the manufacturing sector to hospitality and discusses their further development to cope with the diverse, tangible/intangible product mix. Also deals with the repertoire of techniques which have grown up within the industry.
Hospitality Profit Planning in the Practical Environment:
Integrating Cost‐volume‐profit Analysis with Spreadsheet Management
Authors: Harris Peter J.
Published: September 2004

Managers are constantly making decisions that affect profit. One of
the decision‐making areas which is crucial to all managers concerns
profit planning. Attempts to show how cost‐volume‐profit (CVP) analysis,
aided by the computer spreadsheet, can be applied to the practical
profit planning situation in the hospitality industry. Paradoxically,
CVP analysis is one of the most widely referred to techniques in
managerial accounting, but all too often it is not used to its full
potential in the operating environment. Aims at encouraging greater use
of the CVP approach to hospitality profit planning.
A Look Forward
Authors: Crawshaw John
Published: September 2004

Provides an overview of the developing role of facilities
management as a profession and outlines the directions in which it is
now moving. Examines the broad range of disciplines it encompasses as
well as its inherent individuality caused by its comparative youth as a
profession. Addresses the role of the AFM as part of the evolution of
the facilities management movement.
An Investigation of Yield Management in Birmingham Hotels
Authors: Bradley Andrea , Ingold Anthony
Published: September 2004

Yield Management is a scientific theory which aims to maximize
profit yields for perishable commodities. Birmingham city centre was
selected as the source of information. Data were collected by
semi‐structured interviews with a stratified sample of nine city hotel
managers to ascertain attitudes to yield management. In addition,
objective data were collected to allow calculation of percentage yield
values for these hotels. The analysis suggests that current working
practices are such that a move to an organized yield management system
would not prove a major upheaval, but that the effects on unit
efficiency could be very large.
Applying Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors to the Changing Accommodation Environment
Authors: Balmer Sylvia , Baum Tom
Published: September 2004

Motivation theory has found wide application in the context of
employee behaviour in the hospitality industry. Frequently discussed
theorists include Herzberg and Maslow. The area of hotel guest choice
and the factors which motivate this process, however, have received
somewhat less consideration. Considers the application of motivation
theory, in particular Herzberg, to the area of guest choice. Discusses
the relationship between rising customer expectations and Herzberg′s
differentiation of hygiene and true motivating factors in the context of
a recent study of Cyprus and extrapolates this through consideration of
other empirical work. Tentatively concludes in pointing to the need for
further work in this area.
Two Styles of Hotel Manager, Two Styles of Worker
Authors: Lee‐Ross Darren
Published: September 2004

Evidence suggests that the hotel sector has high levels of labour
turnover, especially in seaside resorts. To help explain this, at least
in part, management styles and their effect on hotel workers′
perceptions of jobs was investigated. The study was undertaken in five
seasonal seaside hotels from April to October 1992. All had between
30‐65 bedrooms. Interviews with managers revealed two supervisory
styles; “co‐ordinative” whereby for most of the time
managers did not work alongside their staff, and “hands‐on”,
whereby for most of the time they did. Information about hotel jobs was
elicited from managers and staff using Hackman and Oldham′s (1974) job
diagnostic survey. This standard questionnaire views jobs as a composite
of several “core job dimensions”, each having a possible
score of 1 to 7 depending on its perceived degree of presence within a
job. It was hypothesized that “hands‐on” managers would
score jobs similarly to their workers and that
“co‐ordinative” managers would not. Also, that workers
experiencing “hands‐on” supervision would score “core
job dimensions” higher than their “co‐ordinative”
counterparts. The former notion was supported by the results, the latter
found partial support. The results indicate that management styles may
be important in motivating workers.
Hospitality Industry Employment: Emerging Trends
Authors: Lucas Rosemary E.
Published: September 2004

Outlines the main trends in the structure and nature of hospitality
employment in the 1980s and draws comparisons with those of the 1970s.
Highlights the implications of these trends for future employment.
Foresees the growth in jobs continuing into the 1990s against a changing
labour force picture, while questioning whether rising job numbers
represent a real increase in employment or more jobs for fewer hours.
The concept of programme specification and its application in the new quality assurance framework
Authors: Jackson Norman J.
Published: September 2004

The article introduces the idea of programme specification and background to the development of policy by the Quality Assurance Agency. Programme specification will promote an outcomes approach to learning and the specification of standards across UK higher education and provide the basis for a new national quality assurance framework that focuses primarily on academic standards. It argues that the process of producing and justifying programme specifications will have an important influence on academic and quality assurance practices and the product (the programme specification) will result in new types of information about higher education learning.
Quality perceptions of MBA courses and required management competencies
Authors: Louw Lynette , Bosch Johan K. , Venter Danie J.L.
Published: September 2004

Presents the findings in respect of two research objectives, which form part of a larger research project on the status and nature of Master of Business Administration (MBA) programmes in South Africa. In a summary form, the relevant research objectives are: to compare and contrast the opinions of MBA graduates and employers (representing business practice) on the relative importance of core courses for running a business, and management skills and traits required in the business environment; to achieve the above, two independent empirical surveys were conducted, canvassing the perceptions and opinions of 633 MBA graduates and 245 employers. The main findings emphasised the relative importance attached to core courses and management skills and traits by both MBA graduate and employer respondents, but also the substantial disparities between these two groups. Concludes with the implications of these findings.
Teaching Quality Revisited
Authors: Colling Clive C.
Published: September 2004

Argues that people have very different views on what constitutes
“quality” in higher education, but that current debate in
universities about the declining unit of resource, the increased numbers
of students, the structure of qualifications and academic audit and
assessment, makes radical rethinking about policy for high quality
teaching, learning and assessment a professional imperative for decision
makers at all levels of provision. Suggests that the Warnock Report
(1990) has valuable contributions to make for policy and practice, and
sketches what they might be; but argues that the perception of
“reality gap” between policy formulation and implementation
is down to a lack of clear communication with those who matter most: the
teachers and learners.
EMPOWERMENT: THE US EXPERIENCE
Authors: Barry Tom
Published: September 2004

Examines empowerment from both a US and European view. Puts forward
the theory that only by encouraging employees to accept responsibility
for their own job, from a satisfaction and performance viewpoint can a
better workforce, and therefore a better product issue. Shows, with case
examples from the US, how major companies have taken to empowerment and
the benefits which they accrued through this. The UK, while lagging
behind the US, is making inroads, particularly in the retail trade
sector. The overall evidence shows that a significant impact on
competitiveness from empowerment can be produced.
A study of cockpit crew teamwork behaviors
Authors: Liao Wen‐Chih , Tsai Chen‐Chang
Published: September 2004

Pilots of commercial airlines comprise generally ex‐military pilots and pilots with purely civil craft experience. There are four major configurations of a cockpit crew based on the composition of the pilots holding the two positions of captain and first officer. The hypotheses of this study are that the team composition will contribute to different teamwork characteristics in terms of teamwork harmony, teamwork conflict, and crisis handling. The hypotheses propose that these characteristics derive from the differences in background, work experience and the training conditions of these two distinct types of pilot. Scheffe’s post hoc statistical results support two of these three hypotheses, i.e. teamwork conflict and the handling of crises. The implications of these findings for management and training are discussed further.
How far is too far? Lessons for business from ultra‐high‐performing military teams
Authors: Eggensperger James D.
Published: September 2004

Management in organizations has a common focus on achieving goals in the most productive, efficient way. Many managers use teams as powerful tools in focusing on and achieving goals. It has been claimed that everyone in an organization belongs to one or more teams. In parallel to the development of business teams, the US military has developed high‐performance teams to achieve discreet goals in ultra‐stressful, dangerous circumstances. Teams in business and the military are focused on goals that require in‐depth training, high personal investment by team members, deep commitment to the team, complementary skills, and high performance under pressure. Can business leaders learn from military teams who have lives depending on their performance? The research and analysis points to the conclusion that some lessons from military teams can be valuable for managers in business organizations, but also suggests that high performance may not be as desirable as it seems.
Leading teams
Authors: Hackman J. Richard
Published: September 2004

Presents an interview with J. Richard Hackman, Cahners‐Rabb Professor of Social and Organizational Psychology, Harvard University. Covers areas of the selection of leaders in companies and the way that personal attitudes and behaviour patterns of team members complicate the chances of a team's success. Also discusses the definintion of a self‐managed performing unit, and whether the design and support of a successful self‐managed team typically take into account the individual skills and characters of team members. Concludes with a discussion of how productivity gains from self‐managed teams can be assessed.
A maintenance study of fishing vessel equipment using delay‐time analysis
Authors: Pillay A. , Wang J. , Wall A.D. , Ruxton T.
Published: September 2004

The current practice of maintenance on fishing vessels varies according to the operating policies of the owner/operator. On most occasions, the crew does not carry out regular maintenance while at sea. As such, all maintenance work is completed while the vessel is at the discharging port. The time between discharge ports can be as long as three to six months, which allows for failures on the machinery propagating and leading to a catastrophic breakdown. Discusses the possibility of avoiding such events by means of implementing an inspection regime based on the delay‐time concept. Operating and failure data that have been gathered from a fishing vessel are used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The outcome of the model is incorporated into the existing maintenance policy of the fishing vessel to assess its effectiveness.
Release behavior for powder injection molding in stereolithography molds
Authors: Hemrick James G. , Starr Thomas L. , Rosen David W.
Published: September 2004

Adhesion has been measured between a powder injection molded (PIM) part and the stereolithography epoxy mold surrounding it after cooling. Analysis of release behavior suggests a link to the thermal properties of the mold material. Subsequent measurements of cooling in the part and at the part/mold interface are consistent with a one‐dimensional heat transfer model. Adhesion development at the part/mold interface shows a complex dependence on the thermal characteristics of both the mold and the PIM feedstock.
How rapid prototyping can assist in the development of new orthopaedic products ‐ a case study
Authors: Jamieson R. , Holmer B. , Ashby A.
Published: September 2004

Suggests that orthopaedics appears to be an attractive market for rapid prototyping systems manufacturers but notes that the geometry of bones allows the manufacture of implant prototypes using conventional machining. Compares the development and manufacture of a surgical tool manufactured by rapid prototyping with conventional cast and machining methods. Concludes that rapid prototyping has a part to play in reducing time and cost, particularly in the development phase.
Rapid Mould: epoxy‐infiltrated, laser‐sintered inserts
Authors: Apelskog Killander Lena
Published: September 2004

Describes and evaluates a laser‐sintering based method for prototype tooling epoxy‐infiltrated, laser‐sintered inserts. The niche aimed at is prototype tooling for up to a hundred parts. The results are promising. The method is rather fast where two inserts (one tool) can be made within a week. Shrinking seems to be uniform and less than 2 per cent in x, y, z from green shape to infiltrated part. Surface finish is the main issue that needs further improvement. No design changes due to material properties were made. However, a mother form system for injection moulding was used to hold the insert and was helpful in reducing stresses. In less fortunate situations, a mechanical constraint should be considered. The tool was used for injection moulding; 50 parts were made in polypropylene.
A discussion on the concept of a flexible rapid prototyping cell
Authors: Gibson Ian
Published: September 2004

As rapid prototyping technologies improve in accuracy and reliability so the range of applications increases. A number of new systems have recently come on the market and already established systems are showing significant improvements in the materials being used. The systems available appear to be focused on two distinct market sectors. Machines are being used as design office support facilities or “desktop” manufacturing units. Machines are also being used as “shopfloor” systems, concentrating on downstream activities. Suggests that one future for this technology is side‐by‐side with conventional machine tools as one of the process route options for a manufacturing company. One way of achieving this may be to integrate industrial robotics with the technology in the form of flexible manufacturing (or rapid prototyping) cells.
Rapid prototyping from a computer scientist’s point of view
Authors: Dolenc A. , Mäkelä I.
Published: September 2004

Overviews the current data exchange formats in use today in rapid prototyping (RP), and explores their role in connection with data preparation. Tries to explain the interplay between data exchange formats, application programs, and final functionality which these programs should deliver to a user of RP technology. RP is closely related to the effective use of CAD and related systems, and can demonstrate how geometric models can be transferred from one system to another, and how they are converted from one representation to another. Argues that the functionality that can be implemented and offered to a user in CAD‐related systems is closely related to how geometric models are represented. Since data exchange formats are the vehicles used to represent geometric models for data transfer purposes, they are important building blocks for the effective use of RP technologies. Overviews data exchange formats used in RP applications and discusses their role in developing useful software tools for RP applications.
Conceptual framework for the thermal process modelling of fused deposition
Authors: Atif Yardimci M. , Güçeri Selçuk
Published: September 2004

Explains the fused deposition process and examines the rationale behind the cooling process model. Outlines the complexity of the problems and characteristics of fused deposition. Presents a general formulation for road cooling followed by results and their implications. Concludes with proposed directions for future work.
Predicting total build‐time and the resultant cure depth of the 3D stereolithography process
Authors: Chen Calvin C. , Sullivan Paul A.
Published: September 2004

Accurate build‐time prediction for making stereolithography parts not only benefits the service industry with information necessary for correct pricing and effective job scheduling, it also provides researchers with valuable information for various build parameter studies. Instead of the conventional methods of predicting build time based on the part’s volume and surface, the present predictor uses the detailed scan and recoat information from the actual build files by incorporating the algorithms derived from a detailed study of the laser scan mechanism of the stereolithography machine. Finds that the scan velocity generated from the stereolithography machine depends primarily on the system’s laser power, beam diameter, materials properties and the user’s specification of cure depth. Proves that this velocity is independent of the direction the laser travels, and does not depend on the total number of segments of the scan path. In addition, the time required for the laser to jump from one spot to another without scan is linearly proportional to the total jump distance, and can be calculated by a proposed constant velocity. Most profoundly, the present investigation concludes that the machine uses a velocity factor which is only 68.5 per cent of the theoretical calculation. This much slower velocity results in an undesired amount of additional cure and proves to be the main cause of the Z dimensional inaccuracy. The present build‐time predictor was developed by taking into account all the factors stated above, and its accuracy was further verified by comparing the actual build‐time observed for many jobs over a six month period.
Integration of MRI and stereolithography to build medical models: a case study
Authors: Swann S.
Published: September 2004

Presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of producing models of human anatomy by linking MRI and stereolithography. Begins by describing the requirements for developing a link between the two technologies together with the major problems that this involves. Describes the processes undertaken to enable the creation of a model of a human brain. The model showed excellent anatomical details and demonstrated that the technique of linking MRI and stereolithography is entirely feasible. However, the preparatory work required prior to building the model showed that there are many difficulties associated with transferring and processing the imaging data. Recommendations are made as to how this technique needs to evolve.
Energy‐recovery low power C‐PAL flip‐flop design
Authors: Wong H.H. , Lau K.T.
Published: September 2004

Besides combinational circuits, sequential circuits, for instance, flip‐flops, also play an important role in the design of digital systems. In this article, energy‐recovery/adiabatic flip‐flops based on improved PAL‐2N logic with complementary pass transistor logic (CPL) evaluation tree (C‐PAL) family will be described. HSPICE simulation results show that the proposed SR and JK flip‐flops are able to achieve significant power savings compared to the conventional CMOS flip‐flops, with operating frequencies from 50MHz to 250MHz. The supply voltages are scaled down from 5V to 2.5V in order to compare the power consumption with CMOS counterpart. In addition, a 4‐bit binary counter is designed to verify the functionality of the proposed flip‐flops.
A BPR case study at Honeywell
Authors: Paper David J. , Rodger James A. , Pendharkar Parag C.
Published: September 2004

We embarked on a case study to explore one organization’s experiences with radical change for the purpose of uncovering how they achieved success. The organization we examined was Honeywell Inc. in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. From the interview data, we were able to devise a set of ten lessons to help others transform successfully. Two important lessons stand out above the rest. First, execution of a carefully developed change plan separates the high performers from less successful BPR projects. Second, recognition that dealing with change is difficult and complicated is not enough. Top management should make change management a top priority and communicate the change vision across the organization.
The Future for Human Resource Professionals
Authors: Smith Barry
Published: September 2004

It is argued that because human resource (HR) professionals are out
of fashion in Australia, HR functions are being disbanded, distributed
or depleted as a result of takeovers, restructuring, company financial
losses and funding cuts. The attitude of a HR professional when joining
an organisation is discussed, what he/she should take a careful look at
within the structure, and the sort of HR professional –
technician, manager and strategist – he/she can choose to be are
examined.
The Impact of Corporate Restructuring on Human Resource
Management Functions
Authors: Belohlav James , LaVan Helen
Published: September 2004

Corporate mergers and acquisitions are pervasive. Much of the
attention has focused on the dollars involved and the financial packages
put together to effect them. Little attention has been given to the
human resource management implications of such corporate restructuring.
Attention here is focused on the impact of these restructurings on
individual employee stress and on various human resource management
functions such as human resource planning, recruitment, training and
organisational development, and employee benefits and compensation.
Maximising the Employee Productivity Factor
Authors: Honeycutt Alan
Published: September 2004

It is argued that in deliberately developing the climate of the
workplace to maximum potential, managers can, in turn, influence the
elements not directly within their control – the human factor and
the demand for particular positions. Success in organisations can be
achieved by providing open channels of communication, interpersonal
trust and acceptance, which, it is claimed, are the building blocks to
construct motivation, productivity and commitment. It is up to
management to create this environment.
Tax Equalisation
Authors: Hume‐Rothery Richard
Published: September 2004

Tax equalisation has become regarded as the principle whereby an
employing company protects the net pay of an expatriate worker, so that
the worker will be able to enjoy a standard of living of at least equal
to that which was enjoyed in the home country. This policy and some of
its implications are outlined, together with an illustration of how this
policy can work in a particular community.
Facilitating the Organisational Relevance of HRD under a
Structurally Adjusting Economic System
Authors: Akin‐Ogundeji Oladele
Published: September 2004

The human resource development concept is examined in some detail,
showing how it differs from ″training″. The structural economic
adjustment pattern in ″third world″ countries is examined and some of
its implications for the practice of HRD in organisations based in such
countries are highlighted. Suggestions are made on the development of a
sound approach to HRD by government and HRD practitioners in ″third
world″ countries.
Women′s Adaptation to Male‐dominated Occupations
Authors: Gomez‐Mejia Luis R.
Published: September 2004

This study suggests that while gender differences in work values exist (as measured by task‐oriented, contextual and job involvement scales), the magnitude and significance of the observed differences between men and women decrease as occupation and length of socialisation are partialled out.
The Social Charter: An Opportunity Missed
Authors: Banham John
Published: September 2004

Europe′s social charter must be a charter for
enhanced competitiveness and not a recipe for
protectionism and missed employment
opportunities. This article argues for a much
improved social charter offering incentive and not
restriction. The foundation of the employers′
vision is a Europe of growth and enterprise,
sharing prosperity, experience and talent.
Costs and Benefits of Hiring Older Workers: A Case Study of B&Q
Authors: Hogarth Terence , Barth Michael C.
Published: September 2004

Charts the success of an experiment by B&Q, the
large DIY chainstore, in opening a store, staffed
entirely by older workers. The subsequent
success of this proactive response to the changing
demographic structure has proved to managers
and public alike, that older workers are a valuable
part of the UK labour market.
An Expert System to Aid in Staff Selection: A Neural Network Approach
Authors: Proctor R. A.
Published: September 2004

One of the fastest growing areas of microcomputer
applications is that of expert systems. Within the
domain of expert systems neural networking
technology is also making a strong contribution.
Personnel officers have to give advice to
management and this is usually based on a good
deal of experience. Expert systems represent a
way of passing on this knowledge to less
experienced colleagues so that they too can make
suitable decisions if the more experienced staff
are not available. Sometimes expert systems can
surprise the experts who provided information to
help build the systems. This article looks at a
neural networking shell that can be trained to
emulate an expert system. Its simplicity of operation
and user friendliness is a striking feature.
Maintaining a Set of Strong, Personal, Moral Standards
while Succeeding in a Bureaucracy
Authors: Hosie Peter
Published: September 2004

Gives a deliberately cynical view on the requirements of managers
for succeeding in a bureaucracy where personal moral standards must be
adapted to fit the prevailing culture in politics, style, patronage,
etc. For example, social expertise is valued more than the ability to
meet targets. In general, the distinction between the Protestant Work
Ethic and the bureaucratic ethic is emphasized in favour of the latter.
Women in Banking: A Comparative Perspective on the
Integration Myth
Authors: Culpan Oya , Akdag Fusun , Cindogvlu Dilek
Published: September 2004

Compares American and Turkish women professionals in the banking
industry with reference to their perception of discrimination, their
attitudes towards their work, the nature of support they receive and
their levels of job satisfaction. Reports a questionnaire survey of two
different samples representing women professionals in the banking
industry. Results indicate that bank organizations are still not ready
for the integration of women professionals into the industry, either in
Turkey or in the USA.
Discrimination and Segmentation Theory: A Survey
Authors: Teague Paul
Published: September 2004

In the Northern Ireland context, even though the debate about whether Catholics have experienced discrimination has raged for over two decades, there has been little attempt to relate the wide‐ranging and sophisticated USA debate to circumstances within the province. Takes the first steps to redress this shortcoming by outlining the key themes in the USA debate about unequal labour market treatment.
BIO‐ISOLATES
Authors: Ardisher Harry
Published: September 2004

Harry Ardeshir describes some protein‐
rich ingredients which modify the
texture and composition of certain
manufactured foods
DIET AND DELINQUENCY
Authors: Thompson Alastair S.
Published: September 2004

Alastair Thompson looks at food
allergies in relationship to behaviour
Nutritional and Environmental Issues in Fast Food
Authors: Price Stuart , Lawson John
Published: September 2004

The fast food industry has become a focus of media criticism for
its apparent lack of interest in environmental and nutritional issues.
Demonstrates the scale of the industry′s response and provides an
objective assessment of current initiatives which have been specifically
designed to improve the image of fast food companies. The greatest
momentum for change has inevitably been associated with the major
American fast food chains which are introducing more
environmentally‐friendly packaging, accessory‐recycling and lower fat
products. In the process they are gaining a competitive advantage over
smaller domestic fast food companies and this fact alone will ensure the
introduction of more initiatives in the future. Care for the environment
and for consumer health have consequently become high‐profile marketing
concerns.
Nutrition, Social Status and Health
Authors: Wells Dilys
Published: September 2004

Reports a symposium designed to help health professionals in their
roles as advisers of healthy eating and nutrition in the community. The
symposium highlighted new research in the diet and nutrition of
children, women and elderly people and also the impact of socioeconomic
circumstances on nutrition and health.