bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Potential of Using Social Robots in Autism Classroom Settings
Authors: Yang Qin , Feng Huanghao , Gong Shengrong
Published: August 2023

In recent years, social robots have rapidly advanced alongside the progress of artificial intelligence. Countries around the world have been enacting strategic initiatives that combine robotics and artificial intelligence, leading to an increasing exploration of the application of AI technology in the field of education. In the context of autism intervention, social robots have shown promising results in intervention programs and behavior therapy for children with autism. However, there is a lack of research specifically focusing on the use of social robots in autism classroom settings. Therefore, we have synthesized existing studies and proposed the integration of social robots into autism classrooms. Through the collaboration between robots and teachers, as well as the interaction between robots and students, we aim to enhance the attention of children with autism in the classroom and explore new impacts on their classroom performance, knowledge acquisition, and generalization of after-class skills.
Exploring the Style of Korean Girl Group NewJeans in the Context of Contemporary Consumerism
Authors: Chen Yiyu
Published: August 2023

Instead of focusing on the girl crus style commonly adopted by fourth-generation girl groups, i.e. the rebellion against the “male gaze” and the conceptualization of criticism, the new group NewJeans focused on the emotional growth of women themselves in their teenage years, highlighting the different perceptions of women. It focuses on the emotional growth of women during their adolescence and highlights the attention to the different perceptions of women as individuals. At the same time, the visual image of New Jeans is shaped by the optimistic Y2K aesthetic.
Eunuchs: Angels or Devils in Disguise?
Authors: Sun Shingwun , Park Theodore
Published: August 2023

The contradictory role of eunuchs in ancient China has remained a long-term debate in history. Often viewed as either holy or profane, eunuchs occupied a unique space in society that defied easy categorization. This study challenges the prevailing negative perception of eunuchs in ancient dynastical China by re-examining historical records and highlighting their positive contributions to society. The historical portrayal of eunuchs as wicked and cunning individuals has been heavily influenced by Chinese literati who sought to defame their rivals in order to gain political influence. Eunuchs, who played crucial roles in the imperial court, have had a significant impact on China’s development both positively and negatively. By focusing on notable eunuchs such as Zheng He, Cai Lun, and Sima Qian, this paper demonstrates that their contributions to Chinese culture, technological advancement, and historical documentation significantly outweigh the harm caused by a few power-hungry individuals. Ultimately, the paper calls for a more nuanced understanding of eunuchs’ roles in ancient Chinese society and their impact on the country’s development.
Research on the Construction of Computer High Level Professional Groups in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of the Greater Bay Area
Authors: Pang Shuanglong , Zeng Desheng , Chen Chunyang
Published: August 2023

With the deepening of the construction of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, the goal of building a high-level professional group in vocational colleges is to optimize the professional structure to meet industrial demands, take industrial demands as the fundamental basis for forming professional groups, and cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents. Our school closely focuses on the construction and development plan of the Greater Bay Area, builds a high-level computer professional group, and strives to promote the integration of industry and education. In order to improve the quality of teaching and promote the high-quality development of talent cultivation in vocational colleges, we have proposed construction ideas and measures.
Why do people buy apparel in the virtual world? The influence of cool and interactivity on purchase intentions
Authors: Wang Yaqi
Published: August 2023

The meta-universe notion is regularly introduced in the digital era, and meta-universe virtual apparel has become a new trend with the growth of Internet technology. With highly tailored, technological, and intelligent properties, virtual clothing can imitate the digital environment in digital form. Based on self-presentation theory, this research investigates these elements and provides a conceptual model, followed by an empirical test utilizing samples from a questionnaire survey. The findings show that cool and interactivity have a substantial influence on purchase intention for virtual apparel. And online self-presentation desire plays a mediating role. On this ground, it is proposed that the virtual world creates an environment of new and trendy social interaction.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Medizin
Authors: Sturm Christian , Liebl Max Emanuel , Best Norman
Published: August 2023

In der letzten Ausgabe haben wir bereits das Thema künstliche Intelligenz und
Wissenschaft angesprochen. Hier zeigten sich bereits die vielfältigen
Dimensionen von großen Chancen aber auch tiefgreifenden Herausforderungen
und Risiken.
Neuroendokrines Karzinom der Gallenblase als seltene Ursache
für Meläna und Hämatemesis beim Hund
Authors: Krämer Anna Lena , Seehusen Frauke , Nolff Mirja Christine
Published: August 2023

Ein 9-jähriger männlicher Malinois wurde zur weiteren Evaluation
akuter Meläna und Hämatemesis sowie seit einem Monat anhaltenden
Gewichtsverlusts vorgestellt. Klinisch präsentierte sich der Patient von
geringgradig reduziertem Allgemeinbefinden. Die Blutuntersuchung ergab eine
geringgradige nicht-regenerative Anämie sowie eine geringgradige
Alaninaminotransferase (ALT)-Erhöhung. Ultrasonographisch bestand der
Verdacht auf eine frühe Mukozele. Die medikamentöse Therapie mit
Gastroprotektiva führte nicht zur klinischen Besserung und der Hund
entwickelte eine progressive Anämie. Die Gastroduodenoskopie verlief
ohne besonderen Befund. Aufgrund anhaltender Symptomatik wurde eine explorative
Laparotomie durchgeführt. Dabei wurde eine ulzerierte blutende Masse am
Gallenblasenhals detektiert. Die histopathologische Untersuchung ergab ein
neuroendokrines Karzinom. Hinweise auf eine Mukozele fanden sich
histopathologisch nicht. Meläna und Hämatemesis waren
postoperativ nicht mehr nachweisbar und 13 Monate nach Cholezystektomie war der
Hund weiterhin klinisch symptomfrei. Neuroendokrine Karzinome der Gallenblase
sollten als seltene Ursachen für Meläna und Hämatemesis
beim Hund betrachtet werden.
Biomechanische Analyse von tomografisch unauffälligen Keratokonus-Partneraugen mit dem Corvis ST
Authors: Augustin Victor A. , Son Hyeck-Soo , Kovalchuk Bogdana , Yildirim Timur Mert , Köppe Maximilian K. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Der Keratokonus ist eine bilaterale, asymmetrische Erkrankung. In seltenen Fällen zeigen Keratokonus-Patienten keinerlei tomografische Auffälligkeiten am Partnerauge. Das
Ziel der Studie war die Analyse der Biomechanik von tomografisch regelrechten Partneraugen bei Patienten mit stark asymmetrischer Ektasie.

Material und Methoden In dieser retrospektiven, konsekutiven Fallserie wurden 916 Augen von 458 Keratokonus-Patienten untersucht, die sich im Zeitraum von 2 Jahren in unserer
Keratokonus-Sprechstunde vorstellten. Insgesamt zeigten hiervon 34 Patienten (7,4%) keine klinischen oder tomografischen Zeichen für einen Keratokonus am Partnerauge. Die
Untersuchungsparameter dieser Patienten waren der bestkorrigierte Fernvisus (BCVA, Best-corrected Visual Acuity), die tomografische Analyse mittels Scheimpflug-Bildgebung (Pentacam AXL,
Oculus, Wetzlar, Deutschland) und die biomechanische Analyse mittels Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Deutschland). Mittels Tomografie wurden die anteriore und die posteriore Hornhautkurvatur,
der K-Max, die dünnste Hornhautdicke (TCT), das Belin/Ambrosio Deviation Display (BAD-D) sowie das ABCD-Grading untersucht. Die Biomechanik wurde mit dem Corvis Biomechanischen Index (CBI)
und dem Tomografischen Biomechanischen Index (TBI) analysiert.

Ergebnisse Der mittlere BCVA war − 0,02 ± 0,13 logMAR. Der mittlere K-Max betrug 43,87 ± 1,21 dpt, die mittlere TCT 532 ± 23 µm, und der mittlere BAD-D 1,02 ± 0,43. Der mittlere CBI
war 0,28 ± 0,26. Regelrechte CBI-Werte zeigten sich in 47%. Der mittlere TBI lag bei 0,34 ± 0,30. Nur 13 Patienten zeigten einen unauffälligen TBI (38%) und bei nur 7 Patienten (21%) waren
sowohl CBI als auch TBI regelrecht. Der CBI zeigte eine Sensitivität von 53% und der TBI eine Sensitivität von 62%, den Keratokonus in einem tomografisch unauffälligen
Keratokonus-Partnerauge zu detektieren.

Schlussfolgerung Selten zeigt sich bei Keratokonus-Patienten ein sehr asymmetrischer Befund, mit klinisch und tomografisch regelrechtem Partnerauge. In diesem Fall lohnt sich eine
biomechanische Analyse, um den Keratokonus auf diesem Wege zu erkennen und zu kontrollieren. Der TBI war hierbei am sensitivsten, um erste Auffälligkeiten nachzuweisen.
Monographic Issue on Pulmonary Hypertension: Medical and Interventional Treatment for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Delcroix Marion , Belge Catharina , Maleux Geert , Godinas Laurent
Published: August 2023

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism. The reasons why clots do not resorb are incompletely understood, but the result is partial or complete fibrothrombotic obstruction of pulmonary arteries. A secondary microvasculopathy aggravates the pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a consequence of high flow and shear stress in the nonoccluded arteries. The treatment of CTEPH has long been purely surgical, but many patients were inoperable because of inaccessible lesions or severe comorbidities. Alternatives were developed, including medical therapy and more recently balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Depending on the generation of the obstructed vessels, the treatment will be surgical, up to the (sub)segmental level, or by BPA for more distal vessels. PH drugs are used to treat the microvasculopathy. The current paper describes the therapeutic management of inoperable patients: the medical approach with PH drugs used in mono- or combination therapy; the proper use of anticoagulants in CTEPH; the technique, indications, and results at short- and long-term of BPA; the multimodal approach for inoperable patients combining PH drugs and BPA; and the effects of rehabilitation. It shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the disease.
Homeopathy and Haematidrosis—A Case of Calcarea phosphorica
Authors: Madsen Ruy
Published: August 2023

Haematidrosis is a rare disorder characterised by extravasation of blood from intact skin. Most reported cases are in the paediatric age group. We present here a case of haematidrosis in a 9-year-old boy treated with individualised homeopathic remedy selected according to the approaches of the contemporary authors of classical homeopathy. The result was a physical and mental improvement in a 3-year follow-up.
Intra-articular Pressure Changes during Stifle Arthroscopy Using a Cadaver Model
Authors: Salmelin Bettina R.M. , Gilbert Peter J.
Published: August 2023

Objective The aim of the study was to measure canine stifle intra-articular pressures (IAP) during arthroscopy using three different fluid pump pressure (FPP) settings.

Study Design Frozen thawed canine cadavers were used. The stifle was distended using a 2.7 mm arthroscope connected to a commercial fluid pump. Intra-articular pressure was measured using a portable pressure gauge connected to an intra-articular 18 G needle. Intra-articular pressure was recorded during stifle extension, 90 degrees flexion and full flexion at three different FPP (30, 50, 80 mm Hg).

Results Testing was performed on 27 stifles. Intra-articular pressure significantly increased at higher FPP (p < 0.01). At FPP 30, 50, and 80 mm Hg, the mean IAP was 51.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.3–62.2), 103.3 (95% CI: 92.8–113.7), and 175.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 164.8–185.6), respectively. At FPP 30 and 50 mm Hg, IAP always remained under 170 mm Hg. At 80 mm Hg, IAP raised to or above 170 mm Hg in 11/14 stifles. Stifle position significantly affected IAP (p < 0.01). Changing stifle position from 90 degrees flexion to extension significantly decreased IAP by 22.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 16.2–28.5), and changing to full flexion significantly increased IAP by 20.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.8–27.1; p < 0.01).

Conclusion Our results suggest that caution should be used during stifle arthroscopy to limit risk for iatrogenic capsular damage. Fluid pump pressure 30 mm Hg is considered safe when using a 2.7 mm arthroscope and high flow cannula. If higher FPP is necessary for visualization, duration of stifle flexion should be limited. Fluid pump pressure 80 mm Hg should be avoided.
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Dental Radiographic Modalities on Buccal Mucosal Cells in Children
Authors: Salman Bahareh Nazemi , Rafieyan Sona , Rahimipour Kasra , Bayat Narges
Published: August 2023

Dental radiography is an important diagnostic tool for the detection and assessment of the extent of dental caries and accurate treatment planning. There is no safe limit for X-ray exposure. The associated risks of X-ray exposure are higher in children due to a higher rate of cell proliferation in them, compared with adults. This study aimed to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dental radiographic modalities on buccal mucosal cells in children. This interventional study evaluated 80 children between 3 and 12 years who required periapical, panoramic, bitewing, or bitewing plus panoramic radiography for treatment planning. Twenty eligible patients were assigned to each of the aforementioned four groups. Buccal mucosal cells were scraped bilaterally by a plastic spatula after complete rinsing of the oral cavity. The collected specimens were directly mounted on microscopic slides and after air-drying, they were fixed with 80% methanol and Giemsa stain. The cells were then inspected under a light microscope at 400x magnification for cytogenetic changes. Data were tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 20 at a p < 0.001 level of significance. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis in all four groups after dental radiography (p < 0.001). Also, the number of micronuclei significantly increased after panoramic plus bitewing radiography (p < 0.05). X-ray exposure in panoramic, periapical, bitewing, and bitewing plus panoramic radiographies can be cytotoxic, while bitewing plus panoramic radiography can be genotoxic in children as well.
Sustainable rural development in Northwest Iran: proposing a wellness-based tourism pattern using a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Esfandyari Hossein , Choobchian Shahla , Momenpour Yadgar , Azadi Hossein
Published: August 2023

Today, wellness tourism has become a thriving industry. In wellness tourism, the tourists travel to relieve the pressures of ordinary life and become refreshed with no medicinal intervention. In wellness tourism, tourists seldom have any specific physical illnesses; rather, they are interested in enjoying the healing properties of certain regions. In this non-experimental research, a structural equation model was used to analyze the data to explore various aspects of well-being and identify the variables that influence wellness tourism. The statistical population included 237,415 tourists who visited the tourist attractions of Sarab County in Iran. The sample size was determined 384 subjects. The results showed that destination location in terms of climate, positive image of the region, excellent food, as well as physical, traditional, and historical appeals of the region, were the factors that had the highest effect on determining the destination of wellness tourism. In general, this study contributed to the development of wellness tourism in the world including Iran. The practical steps were taken based on the strategies, and approaches presented to reduce stress which enhances well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Plasticity in fish acoustic behavior
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: August 2023

Freshwater drum alter their calls in response to the presence of boat noise.
Analysis of nonlinear water wave interaction solutions and energy exchange between different wave modes
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Chen Zhi-Min , Zhao Qingkai
Published: August 2023

In this study, we consider the ideal fluid model of an inviscid fluid, assuming that the fluid motion is adiabatic; the flow is irrotational, that is, the individual fluid particles do not rotate; vorticity ω̃=0; and the flow is incompressible, in which the density of fluid particles does not vary significantly with fluid motion and can be considered constant throughout the fluid volume and throughout the motion. We start with equations representing continuity, conservation of momentum, conservation of entropy, and streamline equations, respectively. It is then reduced to a standard system of equations describing motion in two dimensions, defined by the Laplace equation with appropriate kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions, in terms of velocity potential and surface elevation. Finally, the one-dimensional nonlinear Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation is derived. Then, we further investigate the interaction of multiple periodic waves using the KdV equation and explain the interaction wave energy transfer procedure between the primary and higher order harmonics, and the Phillips [“On the dynamics of unsteady gravity waves of finite amplitude. I. The elementary interactions,” J. Fluid Mech. 9, 193–217 (1960)] wave resonance criterion is employed for capturing the periodic wave interaction whose energy conversion is analyzed via Fourier spectra. It is also found that for solitons, multiple collisions of different solitons eventually regain their original shape and that higher-energy solitons have faster velocities than lower-energy solitons, which, to the best of our knowledge, is overlooked.
Combinatorial relations among relations for level 2 standard Cn(1)-modules
Authors: Primc Mirko , Šikić Tomislav
Published: August 2023

For an affine Lie algebra ĝ, the coefficients of certain vertex operators that annihilate level k standard ĝ-modules are the defining relations for level k standard modules. In this paper, we study a combinatorial structure of the leading terms of these relations for level k = 2 standard ĝ-modules for affine Lie algebras of type Cn(1) and the main result is the construction of combinatorially parameterized relations among the coefficients of annihilating fields. It is believed that the constructed relations among relations will play a key role in the construction of Gröbner-like basis of the maximal ideal of the universal vertex operator algebra Vgk for k = 2.
Broadband acoustic absorbers based on double split-ring resonators at deep subwavelength scale
Authors: Guan Yi-jun , Wu Cheng-hao , Si Qiao-rui , Ge Yong , Sun Hong-xiang , Lai Yun , Yuan Shou-qi
Published: August 2023

We report both experimentally and numerically that a low-frequency acoustic absorber is realized by double split-ring resonators backed with a rigid wall. This absorber leverages the impedance matching and dissipation effect, which arises due to the thermal-viscous loss within the dual channels. As a result, this absorber achieves near-perfect sound absorption (the absorption coefficient α = 0.99) at a subwavelength thickness of around λ/23. By assembling six unit cells with distinct structure parameters to form a supercell, the fractional bandwidth (the ratio of the bandwidth to the center frequency) is increased to 40% with an average α of 0.86. Acoustic experiment results validate this exceptional performance, which is also in agreement with the simulation results. Moreover, by employing the supercell, we create an anechoic room demonstrating broadband sound absorption in a wide range of incident angles while occupying significantly less space than traditional sound-absorbing porous materials. Our double split-ring composite design paves the way for broadband acoustic absorbers at the deep subwavelength scale
Properties of minimizers for the fractional Kirchhoff energy functional
Authors: Liu Lintao , Teng Kaimin , Yang Jie , Chen Haibo
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we are concerned with a fractional Kirchhoff equation with a general coercive potential. First, we consider some existence and nonexistence of L2-constraint minimizers for related constrained minimization problems. Most importantly, by constructing appropriate trial functions for some delicate energy estimates and studying decay properties of solution sequences, we then establish the concentration behaviors of L2-constraint minimizers for related constrained minimization problems.
XCR1 expression distinguishes human conventional dendritic cell type 1 with full effector functions from their immediate precursors
Authors: Heger Lukas , Hatscher Lukas , Liang Chunguang , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Amon Lukas , Lühr Jennifer J. , Kaszubowski Tomasz , Nzirorera Rayk , Schaft Niels , Dörrie Jan , Irrgang Pascal , Tenbusch Matthias , Kunz Meik , Socher Eileen , Autenrieth Stella E. , Purbojo Ariawan , Sirbu Horia , Hartmann Arndt , Alexiou Christoph , Cesnjevar Robert , Dudziak Diana
Published: August 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs can be classified into plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DCs (cDCs) type 1 and 2. Murine and human cDC1 share the mRNA expression of XCR1. Murine studies indicated a specific role of the XCR1–XCL1 axis in the induction of immune responses. Here, we describe that human cDC1 can be distinguished into XCR1
−
and XCR1
+
cDC1 in lymphoid as well as nonlymphoid tissues. Steady-state XCR1
+
cDC1 display a preactivated phenotype compared to XCR1
−
cDC1. Upon stimulation, XCR1
+
cDC1, but not XCR1
−
cDC1, secreted high levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines. This was associated with enhanced activation of NK cells mediated by XCR1
+
cDC1. Moreover, XCR1
+
cDC1 excelled in inhibiting replication of Influenza A virus. Further, under DC differentiation conditions, XCR1
−
cDC1 developed into XCR1
+
cDC1. After acquisition of XCR1 expression, XCR1
−
cDC1 secreted comparable level of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, XCR1 is a marker of terminally differentiated cDC1 that licenses the antiviral effector functions of human cDC1, while XCR1
−
cDC1 seem to represent a late immediate precursor of cDC1.
Gravitomagnetism and galaxy rotation curves: a cautionary tale
Authors: Lasenby A N , Hobson M P , Barker W E V
Published: August 2023

We investigate recent claims that gravitomagnetic effects in linearised general relativity can explain flat and rising rotation curves, such as those observed in galaxies, without the need for dark matter. If one models a galaxy as an axisymmetric, stationary, rotating, non-relativistic and pressureless ‘dust’ of stars in the gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) formalism, we show that gravitomagnetic effects on the circular velocity v of a star are

O
(

10

−
6

)

smaller than the standard Newtonian (gravitoelectric) effects and thus any modification of galaxy rotation curves must be negligible, as might be expected. Moreover, we find that gravitomagnetic effects are

O
(

10

−
6

)

too small to provide the vertical support necessary to maintain the dynamical equilibrium assumed in such a model. These issues are obscured if one constructs a single equation for v, as considered previously. We nevertheless solve this equation for a galaxy having a Miyamoto–Nagai density profile since this allows for both an exact numerical integration and an accurate analytic approximation. We show that for the values of the mass, M, and semi-major and semi-minor axes, a and b, typical for a dwarf galaxy, the rotation curve depends only very weakly on M, and becomes independent of it for larger M values. Moreover, for aspect ratios

a

/

b
>
2

, the rotation curves are concave over their entire range, which does not match observations in any galaxy. Most importantly, we show that for the poloidal gravitomagnetic flux ψ to provide the necessary vertical support, it must become singular at the origin and have extremely large values near to it. This originates from the unwitting, but forbidden, inclusion of free-space solutions of the Poisson-like equation that determines ψ and also clearly contradicts the linearised treatment implicit in the GEM formalism, hence ruling out the methodology in the form used as a means of explaining flat galaxy rotation curves. We further show that recent deliberate attempts to leverage such free-space solutions against the rotation curve problem yield no deterministic modification outside the thin disk approximation, and that, in any case, the homogeneous contributions to ψ are ruled out by the boundary value problem posed by any physical axisymmetric galaxy.
Three-dimensional AC electroosmotic micropump with high power density
Authors: Watanabe Maho , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kim Joon-wan , Eom Sang In , Yokota Shinichi
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO) micropump with high power density. ACEO is a phenomenon to generate a flow of a liquid such as water by applying an AC voltage to the liquid. Using a specific configuration, a net flow due to ACEO becomes unidirectional and an ACEO micropump can be constructed. Many ACEO micropumps have been proposed; however, most of them are of the planar type, and their output power per device volume is not sufficiently high for applications such as micro fluid power sources for micro total analysis systems, lab-on-a-chips, biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bio-MEMSs), soft microactuators, and soft microrobots. To achieve a higher output power density, in this study, we proposed an ACEO micropump using an array of plate-cylinder electrodes, which is called PC-ACEO-MP. To induce unidirectional flow efficiently, a square pole-slit electrodes ACEO micropump called SS-ACEO-MP has been proposed using asymmetrical pillar-shaped electrodes. PC-ACEO-MP is an extension of SS-ACEO-MP with a three-dimensional structure. First, the finite element method simulations were performed and the results showed that PC-ACEO-MP has the potential to realize high output power with a 1 cm3 effective pump volume using large numbers of plate-cylinder electrodes connected in parallel and in series. Second, a fabrication method using MEMS fabrication process, including electroplating, was proposed and developed for a micro-holed electrode plate that forms parallel cylinder electrodes. The validity of the proposed process was confirmed by fabricating large models and micro-models of the micro-holed electrode plate. The diameter and number of microholes were 10 μm and 36 100, respectively, for the large models and 3 μm and 65 500, respectively, for the micro models. Finally, PC-ACEO-MPs were constructed and their promising pumping characteristics were clarified through experiments using deionized water. The estimated power density was approximately 400 times higher than that of the former high output power ACEO micropump.
Numerical modeling of the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment by Frisch and Segrè using co-quantum dynamics via the Schrödinger equation
Authors: He Zhe , Titimbo Kelvin , Garrett David C , Kahraman S Suleyman , Wang Lihong V
Published: August 2023

We use a theory termed co-quantum dynamics (CQD) to numerically model spin flip in the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach (SG) experiment conducted by R. Frisch and E. Segrè. This experiment consists of two SG apparatuses separated by an inner rotation chamber that varies the fraction of spin flip. To this day, quantum mechanical treatments inadequately predict the Frisch–Segrè experiment. Here, we account for electron-nuclear interactions according to CQD and solve the associated Schrödinger equation. Our simulation utilizes a branching condition to predict the collapse of electron spins, and the outcome agrees with the Frisch–Segrè experimental observation and supports CQD as a potential model for electron spin evolution and collapse.
Detecting ultrathin ice on materials for optical coatings at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Magnozzi Michele , Bisio Francesco , Gemme Gianluca , Granata Massimo , Michel Christophe , Pinard Laurent , Canepa Maurizio
Published: August 2023

The performance of optical cavities in gravitational wave detectors (GWD) is negatively affected by the growth of ice layers when operating at cryo temperatures. Loss of performance begins when the ice overlayer is only a few-nm thick. Careful planning is then required to minimize, monitor and take into account the presence of ultrathin ice on cryo-cooled optical surfaces. Here we employed spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to study icing on the surfaces of SiO2 and Ti:Ta2O5 thin films, two materials used in the high-reflective mirrors of current GWD. SE measurements were performed at 75 K. The data presented suggest that SE is a most convenient tool to monitor in operando the ice formation on the surfaces of GWD mirrors. Furthermore, ultrathin ice layers can affect the evaluation of the optical properties of materials at low temperatures, a valuable task for those next-generation GWD that will operate at cryogenic temperatures. The characterization of an ultrathin ice overlayer (

<

10 nm) allowed to determine for the first time the low-temperature optical properties of Ti:Ta2O5. The same approach could be applied to determine the low-temperature optical properties of other dielectric films, thus helping to screen new materials for cryo-operated GWD mirrors.
A multi-sensor fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on improved fuzzy support fusion and self-normalized spatio-temporal network
Authors: Yang Jingli , Gao Tianyu , Zhang Huiyuan , Li Yunlu
Published: August 2023

Recently, the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on deep learning has achieved increasingly widespread applications. However, it is often difficult to achieve the expected results by relying on a single sensor due to the limited information obtained by the single sensor and the susceptibility to the influence of the additive noise. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a multi-sensor fusion fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on improved fuzzy support fusion and self-normalized spatio-temporal network to enhance feature learning while achieving multi-sensor data fusion. This method includes a data pre-processing module, a fusion module and a fault recognition module. In the first module, a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm is introduced to decompose and reconstruct the multi-source sensor signals, thereby reducing the impact of environmental noise on data quality. In the fusion module, a data fusion algorithm based on improved fuzzy support is designed to achieve the data-level fusion of multi-source sensors. By introducing the self-normalized properties into the convolutional structure with bi-directional gated recurrent unit, a self-normalized spatio-temporal network is designed in the fault recognition module to perform the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high quality data-level fusion and outperforms the state-of-the-art fault diagnosis methods in terms of fault classification.
High-pressure response of vibrational properties of b-As
x
P1–x
: in situ Raman studies
Authors: Vithanage Dinushika , Abu Usman , Khan Musa Md Rajib , Tasnim Kazi Jannatul , Weerahennedige Hiruni , Irziqat Mohammed , Yu Ming , Sumanasekera Gamini , Jasinski Jacek B
Published: August 2023

The structural evolution of black arsenic-phosphorous (b-As
x
P1–x
) alloys with varying arsenic concentrations was investigated under hydrostatic pressure using in situ Raman spectroscopy. High-pressure experiments were conducted using a diamond anvil cell, which revealed pressure-induced shifts in vibrational modes associated with P–P bonds (A
1

g
, A
2

g
,

B

2
g

), As–As bonds (A
1

g
, A
2

g
,

B

2
g

), and As–P bonds in b-As
x
P1–x
alloys. Two distinct pressure regimes were observed. In the first regime (region I), all vibrational modes exhibited a monotonic upshift, indicating phonon hardening due to hydrostatic pressure. In the second regime (region II), As0.4P0.6 and As0.6P0.4 alloys displayed a linear blueshift (or negligible change in some modes) at a reduced rate, suggesting local structural reorganization with less compression on the bonds. Notably, the alloy with the highest As concentration, As0.8P0.2, exhibited anomalous behavior in the second pressure regime, with a downward shift observed in all As–As and As–P Raman modes (and some P–P modes). Interestingly, the emergence of new peaks corresponding to the Eg
mode and A
1g
mode of the gray-As phase was observed in this pressure range, indicating compressive strain-induced structural changes. The anomalous change in region II confirms the formation of a new local structure, characterized by elongation of the P–P, As–As, and As–P bonds along the zigzag direction within the b-As
x
P1–x
phase, possibly near the grain boundary. Additionally, a gray-As phase undergoes compressive structural changes. This study underscores the significance of pressure in inducing structural transformations and exploring novel phases in two-dimensional materials, including b-As
x
P1–x
alloys.
Recent advances on solar-driven valorization of polyethylene terephthalate plastics into value-added chemicals
Authors: Kang Sailei , Yuan Wenfang , Chen Wenxuan , Du Mengmeng , Zhang Yu , Qiu Bocheng
Published: August 2023

The random disposal and immature recycling of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages lead to a severe threaten to the ecological system owing to slow natural degradation kinetics of PET plastic, and meanwhile cause a waste of carbon resources stored in PET plastics. Many methods have been developed to recycle PET plastics, such as mechanical recycling, which induces a reduced quality relative to the virgin PET. In recent years, the photocatalytic conversion of PET plastic wastes into chemicals has received considerable attention due to their unique advantages, including mild conditions, less energy consumption, and simple operation. In this review, we have summarized the latest achievements in photoreforming of PET plastics into value-added chemicals. Primarily, we described the mechanism for bond cleavage during PET photoreforming, the emerging pretreatment methodologies for PET plastics, and the advantages of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion. Then, we introduced electro-/bio-assisted photocatalysis technologies for PET disposal and commented their strengths and limitations. Finally, we put forward the challenges and potential advances in the domain of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion.
Emissions trading system: bridging the gap between environmental targets and fair competition
Authors: Beccarello Massimo , Di Foggia Giacomo
Published: August 2023

The effectiveness of the European Emissions Trading System in supporting a level playing field while reducing total emissions is tested. While data show a robust impact on the environment as a steady decrease in carbon emissions is observed, it is reported that its ability to internalize emission costs may improve to better address the import of extra European generated emissions that negatively impact the economy when not properly accounted for. Analyzing data in six European countries between 2016 and 2020, the results suggest competitive advantages for industries with higher extra-European imports of inputs that result in biased production costs that, in turn, alter competitive positioning. The novelty lies in focusing on the threats to fair competition within Europe along with the well-known carbon leakage risk widely investigated by previous literature. Complementary policy tools capable of internalizing emission costs, regardless of their origin, are necessary to improve the healthy functioning of the system. In this regard, carbon taxation may outperform carbon border adjustment, as it is based on consumption patterns. Our results can aid policymakers in designing impact analyses aimed at limiting potential distortions to Europe’s level playing field.
Updates on polyurethane and its multifunctional applications in biomedical engineering
Authors: Miri Zahra , Farè Silvia , Ma Qianli , Haugen Håvard J
Published: August 2023

Polyurethanes (PUs) have properties that make them promising in biomedical applications. PU is recognized as one of the main families of blood and biocompatible materials. PU plays a vital role in the design of medical devices in various medical fields. The structure of PU contains two segments: soft and hard. Its elastomeric feature is due to its soft segment, and its excellent and high mechanical property is because of its hard segment. It is possible to achieve specific desirable and targeted properties by changing the soft and hard chemical structures and the ratio between them. The many properties of PU each draw the attention of different medical fields. This work reviews PU highlighted properties, such as biodegradability, biostability, shape memory, and improved antibacterial activity. Also, because PU has a variety of applications, this review restricts its focus to PU’s prominent applications in tissue engineering, cardiovascular medicine, drug delivery, and wound healing. In addition, it contains a brief review of PU’s applications in biosensors and oral administration.
From data to insight, enhancing structural health monitoring using physics-informed machine learning and advanced data collection methods
Authors: Rizvi Syed Haider M , Abbas Muntazir
Published: August 2023

Owing to recent advancements in sensor technology, data mining, Machine Learning (ML) and cloud computation, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on a data-driven approach has gained more popularity and interest. The data-driven methodology has proved to be more efficient and robust compared with traditional physics-based methods. The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in ML, especially in the field of Deep Learning (DL) which are effective in many tasks and has achieved state-of-the-art results in various engineering domains. In the same manner, DL has also revolutionized SHM technology by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of models, as well as enhancing safety and reliability. To some extent, it has also paved the way for implementing SHM in real-world complex civil and mechanical infrastructures. However, despite all the success, DL has intrinsic limitations such as its massive-labelled data Requirement, inability to generate consistent results and lack of generalizability to out-of-sample scenarios. Conversely, in SHM, the lack of data corresponding to a different state of the structure is still a challenging task. Recent development in physics-informed ML methods has provided an opportunity to resolve these challenges in which limited-noisy data and mathematical models are integrated through ML algorithms. This method automatically satisfies physical invariants providing better accuracy and improved generalization. This manuscript presents the sate-of-the-art review of prevailing ML methods for efficient damage inspection, discuss their limitations, and explains the diverse applications and benefits of physics-informed ML in the SHM setting. Moreover, the latest data extraction strategy and the internet of things (IoT) that support the present data-driven methods and SHM are also briefly discussed in the last section.
Research progress on the design of electrolyte additives and their functions for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Yuxin , Zhang Ruixin , Yang Sinian , Liu Lili , Chen Shimou
Published: August 2023

In recent years, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been considered one of the most promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their advantages of high safety, high specific capacity and high economic efficiency. As an indispensable component, the electrolyte has the function of connecting the cathode and the anode, and plays a key role in the performance of the battery. Different types of electrolytes have different effects on the performance of ZIBs, and the use of additives has further developed the research on modified electrolytes, thus effectively solving many serious problems faced by ZIBs. Therefore, to further explore the improvement of ZIBs by electrolyte engineering, it is necessary to summarize the current status of the design of various electrolyte additives, as well as their functions and mechanism in ZIBs. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by different electrolytes, reviews the different solutions of additives to solve battery problems in liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes, and finally makes suggestions for the development of modified ZIB electrolytes. It is hoped that the review and strategies proposed in this paper will facilitate development of new electrolyte additives for ZIBs.
The Myth of Transnational Public Policy in International Arbitration
Authors: Kleinheisterkamp Jan
Published: August 2023

This Article traces the concept of transnational public policy as developed in the context of international arbitration at the intersection between legal theory and practice. The emergence of such a transnational public policy, it is claimed, would enable arbitrators to safeguard and ultimately to define the public interests that need to be protected in a globalized economy, irrespective of national laws. A historical contextualization of efforts to empower merchants and their practices in Germany and the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries highlights their reliance on the mythical lex mercatoria that shaped English commercial law. Further contextualization is offered by the postwar invocation of “general principles of law recognized by civilized nations,” to keep at bay the application of supposedly less civilized, parochial legal orders, and by the consequent emergence of the “new” lex mercatoria as conceptualized especially in France. These developments paved the way, on the theory side, for later conceptualizations of self-constitutionalizing law beyond the state, especially by Gunther Teubner, and, on the practice side, for the notion of transnational public policy developed by arbitrators, especially by Emmanuel Gaillard, culminating in jurisprudential claims of an autonomous arbitral legal order with a regulatory dimension. In all these constructions, the recourse to comparative law has been a crucial element. Against this rough intellectual history, the Article offers a critique of today’s construction of transnational public policy by probing into its constitutional dimension and the respective roles of private and public interests. This allows, in particular, to draw on parallels to historic U.S. constitutional debates on the allocation of regulatory powers in federalism.
An Executive Functioning Composite Does Not Moderate the Relationship Between Combat Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters
Authors: Etzel Lena , Miskey Holly M , Webb Jennifer B , Demakis George J , Harris Henry L , Shura Robert D
Published: August 2023

Objective

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among U.S. combat Veterans, and associated with poor health and wellbeing. As combat experiences are likely to significantly modify self-, other-, and society-oriented cognitions and heighten risk for PTSD, examination of related cognitive processes may yield new treatment strategies. The cognitive model of PTSD suggests that persistent threat perceptions contribute to symptom worsening. Thus, cognitive processes of shifting perspectives or generating novel interpretations may be particularly relevant to lessen PTSD symptoms. This cross-sectional study examined executive functioning as a moderator to the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptom clusters among post-9/11 Veterans.

Method

Data from 168 Veterans were drawn from a larger study examining post-deployment mental health and cognitive function. An executive functioning composite derived from Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Perseveration Errors, WAIS-III Similarities, Trail Making Test B, and Stroop Color-Word Inhibition scores was computed. Path analysis was used to test the moderation model.

Results

After accounting for age, sex, and estimated premorbid functioning, results indicated that combat exposure was associated with all symptom clusters on the PTSD Checklist–Military. Executive functioning was not significantly associated with the PTSD symptom clusters and did not moderate the relationship between combat exposure and any of the PTSD symptom clusters.

Conclusions

Combat exposure is an important dimension of risk related to PTSD in Veterans that warrants regular screening. Moderation by executive functioning was not observed despite theoretical support. Future work could test methodological and sampling reasons for this finding to determine if theoretical adjustment is necessary.
French adult normative data for a Standard Executive Neuropsychological Test Battery
Authors: Bayard Sophie , Madiouni Clarisse , Niel Carlos Cécile , Cornu Charlotte , Moulin Aurélie , Raffard Stéphane
Published: August 2023

Objective

Executive impairments are frequent and may concern a large spectrum of health conditions throughout life. Given the complexity of the executive functions, their assessment requires the administration of multiple tests. There is only one source of French-language normative data for seven traditional executive tests for adults under age 50. The aim of the present study was to establish demographically adjusted normative data of four executive tests commonly used during the neuropsychological assessment in France for adults aged 18–65.

Method

The following tools were administered to 518 community adults aged from 18 to 65: Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. An Overall Test Battery Mean was computed. Multiple regressions were computed for normally distributed scores and percentiles were established for non-normally distributed scores.

Results

Multiple regression analyses indicated that younger age and higher education were both associated with better performance. Age did not predict the number of correct responses on the Verbal Fluency Test. Gender did not have any effect on executive performances. Regression equations to calculate Z-scores are presented. Percentiles are presented for the number of recorded errors on the Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test.

Conclusions

We provide reliable and updated norms for four executive tests that are among the most used by clinical neuropsychologists in France. Our work represents a valuable addition to the limited norms currently available for the assessment of executive functions in French young and middle-aged adults.