bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Topology and the Structure of the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Asgari-Targhi M , Asgari-Targhi A , Habbal S R
Published: July 2023

We present a 3D reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) model of reflection driven Alfvén wave turbulence in an open magnetic field positioned near the solar equator. The non-linear interactions between outward and inward propagating waves generate turbulence. The RMHD equations describing the turbulence include the effects of solar wind outflow velocity on the dissipation of waves. For Alfvén wave turbulence to be a viable mechanism for heating the corona and accelerating the slow solar wind, there must be sufficient counter-propagating waves to generate the turbulence. In our previous study of the fast wind, we showed that the Alfvén wave turbulence model creates the energy needed for accelerating the fast solar wind, when observed density fluctuations are included in the model. Here, we will explore whether the conditions of the equatorial corona, a source of slow solar wind, are capable of generating sufficient Alfvén wave turbulence to account for the acceleration of the slow wind. We show that for a specific sets of model parameters, the energy from the Alfvén wave turbulence model is smaller by an order of magnitude than the energy needed to heat and accelerate the slow solar wind.
Adaptability and damage capacity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various Gramineae: a laboratory study
Authors: Supartha I W , Susila I W , Yudha I K W , Utama I W E K , Yasa I W S , Gautama P M P
Published: July 2023

Spodoptera frugiferda is a pest that initially attacks corn plants in tropical and subtropical regions such as America. At the beginning of 2019, the S. frugiperda entered Indonesia and was first found to attack corn plants in Sumatra. In the same year 2019, the pest was also found attacking corn plants in Bali. Until now, the presence of these pests has spread to various parts of the world and is not limited to corn plants but also to other Graminae plants. This study aims to determine the type of alternative host plant S. frugiperda in other graminae families. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) using six 5 types of host plants as treatments and five replications. Research on the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plants was carried out in the laboratory, while observations of the level of damage to plants were carried out using the scoring method based on the percentage of attack area on the leaves. The results showed that S. frugiperda was only able to adapt to the four host plants tested, namely hybrid corn, sorghum and local rice, while hybrid rice and rice varieties of Ciherang were not selected, which was indicated by their preference for not choosing these plants as spawning sites. S. frugiperda showed the best selectivity level for hybrid maize as host. In general, the characteristics of the damage caused by S. frugiperda were almost the same in each of the test plants. The highest level of damage was found during the fourth observation on Hybrid Corn in the heavy category. Attacks and leaf damage were not found in Hybrid Rice and Ciherang Rice Varieties. The findings of this study are useful in predicting population dynamics of S. frugiperda especially in areas cultivating Graminae crops, to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies for this pest.
Effect of Trap Height Level on The Capture of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera spp.) on Crystal Guava Field
Authors: Susanto Agus , Tohidin  , Sunarto Toto , Sinaga Luciana Veronica , Nugroho Ariyo , Basuki Muhamad , Djaya Luciana , Fadillah Andi
Published: July 2023

Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is one of the most important pest of crystal guava. The use of bottle as a trap with methyl eugenol block (ME block) as an attractant is commonly applied to control the population of fruit fly. The objective of this research was to determine the most effective height level of the trap to capture fruit fly. This experiment was conducted at the Great Giant Foods, Lampung. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design which consisted of 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were trap height level at 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 125 cm, 150 cm, and 175 cm above the ground. Each trap was laced with 2 ml of ME block. The results showed that height variations affected the number of captured fruit fly in crystal guava field. The best trap for catching fruit flies on crystal guavas that have been produced for more than a year old that have 150 cm tall plants is one with a height level of 125 cm. The fruit flies caught were identified as Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae.
Survey of coffee damage by coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) attack in Purwabakti, Pamijahan – Bogor
Authors: Mubin Nadzirum , Audia Bela Hasna , Andina Khalisa Sasti , Diyasti Farriza
Published: July 2023

The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is the main pest that causes damage to coffee berries. The attack caused a decrease in the quality and quantity of coffee fruit production. This study aimed to determine the level of CBB attacks in Purwabakti Village, Pamijahan, Bogor. The method was to take ripe coffee berries from 25 trees diagonally and then calculate the level of damage to the coffee berries due to CBB attacks. The results were from 25 robusta coffee trees with as many as 405 grains (568.2 g) with a percentage of fruit that was symptomatic at 86.99% and asymptomatic at 13.01% based on visual characters. Asymptomatic fruit had a smaller mean weight (12.42 g/10 berries) than symptomatic fruit (14.32 g/10 berries) (P<0.0002). This indicated that the fruit with symptomatic characteristics still had a greater weight even though CBB had attacked it.
Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao
Authors: Harni R , Lakani I , Puspitasari M , Hafif B , Fadhlia S
Published: July 2023

Vascular-streak dieback (VSD) is the main disease of the cacao plant caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae. The VSD disease can potentially reduce cacao yields by up to 45%. VSD control using secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. can suppress the disease incidence in the field. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. in controlling VSD diseases in field conditions. This research performed in cacao fields owned by a farmer in Rahmat Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, that were infested by VSD. Treatments were applied using a randomized block design and replicated 5 times with 10 plants of each. The formulations used in the treatment were; liquid of T. virens, liquid of T. amazonicum, powder of T. virens, powder of T. amazonicum, granulates T. virens, granulates T. amazonicum, chemical fungicide (as a comparison), and control. The liquid formula formulated with molasses as carrier material, the granulate formula used zeolite, compost, and peat, whereas the powder formula used lactose. The liquid formula was applied through root infusion, granulated formula was sprinkled around the rooting area, and the powder by spraying on all parts of the plants. The observation was about the infection symptom, disease incidence, and cacao production/yield. The result showed that T. virens and T. amazonicum secondary metabolites can suppress the disease incidence of VSD by 8.61–19.50% and improve cacao production by 12.19-37.01%. The most effective formulation suppressing the disease’s incidence is a liquid formula applied through root infusion.
Diversity and Population Dynamics of Pest in Sambawa Tea Plantation, West Java
Authors: Rahmah N N , Sartiami D , Kusumah R Y M
Published: July 2023

Tea plants are grown in monoculture on a large scale, so that can be a caused pest in the high population. This study aims to determine the diversity and dynamics of pest populations in Sambawa tea plantations in West Java. Tea pests are found in the crop and on the leaves picked at the plant. The dynamics of the pest population were noted by observing the area of attack, the intensity of the attack, and population density. Twenty-one pests on tea plants were identified based on their morphological characteristics and symptoms. Among them, seven species attack bud and young leaf, two species attack old leaf, twelve species attack young and old leaves, and one pest attacks tree trunk. Twelve pests were carried to the factory’s withering tub of leaves. Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca sp.), tea leaf roller (Caloptilia theivora), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis bradyi), and tea tortrix (Adoxophyes sp. and Homona coffearia) were the main pests at the observation site. The population of tea green leafhoppers decreased after the second application of pesticides, post-picking, and heavy rains. The tea leaf roller was not found after the first and second pesticide applications. The population of tea leaf rollers began to increase during picking until the last observation. The highest population of tea mosquito bugs was found after the second pesticide application. The population of tea tortrix decreased after the second pesticide application.
Improved cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growth and production by application of potassium
Authors: Sungkono  , Setiawan Kukuh , Fatah Latif Nurul , Rieswanto Dadang , Hadi Muhammad Syamsoel , Ardian
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is the fifth countries in term of cassava production in the world. The biggest cassava area in Indonesia is Lampung. One of the important nutrient fertilizers to improve cassava production is potassium. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate distribution of photoassimilate by determining cassava growth and production under different potassium dosages. Treatment was arranged by factorial (2x3) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two reps. The first factor was two cassava clones, UJ3 and UJ5 and the second factor was three potassium (KCl) dosages, 0, 150, and 300 kg/ha. The variables observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of leaf, total root number and swollen root number, distribution of root number, root length, root distribution, and root weight. The result showed that under fertilizer of 300 kg KCl/ha, stem dry weight of UJ3 and UJ5 was not significantly different however root fresh weight of UJ3 seemed higher compared to that of UJ5. It seems that UJ3 cassava clone is more responsive to potassium fertilizer than UJ5 cassava clone.
Morpho-physiological characterization of multi-canopy rice cultivation systems in various genotype combinations
Authors: Khamid M B R , Junaedi A , Aswidinnoor H , Purnamawati H , Prasetyo L B
Published: July 2023

The multi-canopy rice cultivation system modifies the cultivar mixture using two genotypes with different stem lengths to create different heights of the plant canopy that may optimize vertical growth and harvesting space. This study aims to investigate the effect of a multi-canopy rice cultivation system on the morpho-physiological characteristics of several genotype combinations. The research was conducted in the plastic house of the IPB University experimental station, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Two genotypes of the short plants and two tall plants as IPB University breeding lines were evaluated using a randomized complete block design. The combination of the short and the tall genotypes was transplanted on the same hill to create the multi-canopy system. The results of the multi-canopy rice cultivation system produced a number of tillers, panicle number, and percentage of productive tillers showed no difference with mono-genotype hills. Meanwhile, the genotype’s performance in the multi-canopy system for stem length, plant height, panicle length, panicle density, photosynthesis rate, and SPAD value is as good as the mono-genotype system. These results indicated no decrease in morpho-physiological characters’ performance in each genotype grown as a combination in multi-canopy. Each genotype can utilize resource inputs at different canopy positions to minimize competition.
In vitro propagation of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. Rubrum) in different concentrations of sucrose and growth regulator
Authors: Inderiati Sitti , Yanti  , Hanafi  , Ruhumuddin S.
Published: July 2023

In vitro culture of ginger is highly influenced by medium formulations such as sucrose and growth regulator. A micro-propagation was done to determine the influence of sucrose concentration and growth regulator on in vitro growth of red ginger. Sterilized sprouts with shoot tips collected from the rhizome were cultured on formulated media of MS medium containing three diverse concentrations of sucrose and different types and combinations of growth regulators for shoot differentiation. The number of days required for buds to break varies from 13 - 36 according to the sucrose concentration, type, and combinations of growth regulators. Among the formulated medium, the MS medium contained 30 gr of sucrose and BA 1 mg.l-1 induced bud sprouts in about 13-14 days. The sucrose concentration and growth regulator also had significant differences in shoot number, leaf number, and root number. Interaction of BA 1 mg.l-1 and sucrose 30 g.l-1 produced the highest number of shoots per explant (6.33) and the number of leaves per shoot (3.72). Auxin promotes the growth of intact roots as the medium supplemented with NAA yielded a higher number of roots, however, rooting was also observed in all formulated media after two passages of subculturing.
Response of Banggai Yam Plant (Dioscorea alata) and Peanut (Arachys hypogaea) to Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Intercropping system
Authors: Kadekoh Indrianto , Yusuf Ramal , Made Usman
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the yield and growth of local peanuts and yams from Banggai (casavva banggai) in an intercropping system. This study was conducted using a two-factor factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor is the dose of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) (eco farming) consisting of three levels: Without LO, 3.5 l/ha, and 7 l/ha. The second factor is local yam varieties from Banggai Islands (Banggai sweet potato), namely Pusus, Solopia Patek, and Boan Mela. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the dose of LOF 7 l/ha increased the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of peanuts, there was an interaction between the dose of LOF and the Banggai yam variety on the dry weight of peanuts with the highest combination being achieved at a dose of LOF 7 l/ha planted with yam varieties of Solopia and Pussy. The Solopia Patek variety had the highest stem diameter, number of shoots, tuber length, and tuber weight compared to the Pusus and Boan Mela varieties.
Enhancing the yield of rice and corn using field-specific crop production management recommendations in selected areas in the Province of Iloilo, Philippines
Authors: Araquil J A , Consabo L G , Gabinete G G
Published: July 2023

The researcher aims to determine the best planting time based on Smarter Approaches to Reinvigorate Agriculture as an Industry (SARAI) and the Crop Simulation Model (Planting Calendar), and formulate site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). The research study was conducted from May 2018 to October 2021. There were twelve (12) adaptive planting calendar field trials in six (6) sites for Rice and six sites for Corn. The studies were conducted in farmers’ fields with two treatment plots measuring (15m2 x 15m2) 225 square meters each plot to compare the yield of Rice and Corn using Farmers Practice, and SARAI recommended planting date. On the other hand, Nutrient Management for corn trials was conducted in two (2) municipalities: Lambunao and Alimodian, with five (5) sites per municipality for Lambunao, Iloilo, and five (5) locations for Alimodian, Iloilo. A 225 square meter area treatment plots were used to compare yield of corn using Farmer’s Fertilizer Management, Site Specific Nutrient Management Practice and unfertilized plot as Check Plots treatment. Results of the trials revealed that the yields of rice and corn following SARAI recommendations regarding planting dates were highly significant compared to farmers practice. Site-specific nutrient management recommendations for corn also showed a significant increase in terms of kernel yield.
Agronomic growth and yield response of bell pepper (Capsicum annum) fertilized with different levels of lactic acid bacteria serum (LABS) and frequency of irrigation
Authors: Consabo L G , De Asis I E , Forro J T , Ganancial J A
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield response of Bell pepper applied with different levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) and find out the interaction effect between the different levels of LABS and frequency of watering. Research study was laid out in 4 x 4 x 3 for Split Plot Design. The main plot has varying frequency of irrigation, namely: F1- Once a day, F2- Twice a day, F3- Every other day, F4- Every two days. The subplot was of different levels of frequency of irrigation: P0- Control, P1- 5ml LABS+995ml, P2-10ml LABS+990, P3- 15 ml LABS+ 985ml. Results of the experiment showed that amount of LABS has highly significant influence on different growth and yield parameters such as plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting, number of functional leaves, number of days from transplanting to flowering and got highest number of fruits, low disease severity in crops and significantly affected the root length.
Antihelmintic Effect of Squash Seeds (Cucurbita moschata) and Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya) in Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Authors: Catedral Charles Philip A , Gallego Renz Oliver L , De Asis Niko S , Orrillante Christian Jess P
Published: July 2023

Papaya (Carica papaya) seeds together with squash (Cucurbita moschata) seeds was pelleted to be used as dewormer, to determine its antihelmintic effects on growing chicken. They were randomly divided into four treatments and four replication with five birds per treatment was assigned using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with a total of eighty native chickens. The treatments were: Treatment A - Control (commercial dewormer) based on manufacturers recommendation; Treatment B - 75% Squash seeds and 25% Papaya seeds; Treatment C - 50% Squash seeds and 50% Papaya seeds; Treatment D - 25% Squash seeds and 75% Papaya seeds. The birds were treated orally at 2.5g of the pelleted dewormer based on the ratio of the study. In this study Treatment C, shows were highly influential in all parasites present in the chicken but of no significant result, also found to be at a lower cost.
Physical modelling as a conceptual device for climate responsive architecture: investigating pedagogy for theoretical discourses
Authors: Devadas Sunalini Esther , Chander Sheeba
Published: July 2023

Concepts remain the point of origin for creativity in design activity. For a comprehensive exploration of concepts it is imperative to assign adequate time and significance in architectural education and pedagogy towards their understanding. Physical modelling is one of the key techniques that helps in the critical analysis and conceptual comprehension in design. The current research considers the use of physical modelling as a conceptual device in the learning of theoretical discourse with specific focus on climate-responsive architecture. In the delivery of theories in architecture to students, such conceptual devices enhance and establish the knowledge imparted. While presenting the use of physical modelling as a conceptual device, the current research work acts as an illustrative exercise that can be carried out during the coursework for Climate and Built Environment that in turn can enrich the learning of thermal comfort principles in architecture. The research lists the learning outcomes of the classroom exercise and evaluates them against the learning theories postulated by the International Bureau of Education. The exercises resulted in the development of 3D physical models that illustrated the understanding gained by the students. It was observed that application of theory imparted during over the course of lectures was applied. The students also drew from their intuition and internal aesthetic sense. It was noted that the theory covered in class had been tested and explored and there was a strong rationale behind each model, proving that the exercise had taken the understanding of the theme beyond the scope of theoretical knowledge. The observations also revealed that the core principles of the learning theories propounded by the International Bureau of Education were in alignment with the learning outcomes from the modeling exercises that were executed by the authors, especially that of the Experiential Learning Theory. It may be concluded that these exercises can be effectively used in lecture classes that discuss architectural theories, including sustainability and climate response in buildings to expand the aesthetic and sustainable sensitivity of the learner. Consequently productivity in the design studio is vastly enriched. Apart from enrichment stemming from the listed learning outcomes, students are able to analyse design problems with climate in mind, thereby, familiarizing them with concepts of sustainability in the design studio.
Sustainable Eco-Friendly Building Material – A Review Towards Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks and Fire Burnt Clay Bricks
Authors: Asha Sapna A. P. , Anbalagan C.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the current research article is to provide a comprehensive review and discuss and conclude on two types of earth blocks i.e., stabilized compressed earth blocks and fire-burnt clay bricks. A direct correlation exists between the number of greenhouse gases emitted and the amount of coal used to manufacture the fire-burnt clay bricks. To address this issue, new construction materials have been developed. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) is an enhanced earth-based masonry material as it is not burnt. CSEBs are manufactured by compressing the soil under pressure. Coal and other burning fuels are not used at any point in the manufacturing process of CSEBs. Environment-friendly and energy-efficient construction materials that encourage the sustainable development have grown significantly in the recent years, as the public have become highly conscious. Since the building materials are produced in local communities, the local resources are efficiently used, transportation costs get reduced and high-quality housing is made available to a large spectrum of people. Less time-consuming construction techniques and low labour demand results in increased strength, insulation and thermal characteristics, lower carbon emissions and embodied energy during the life cycle of the materials and exceptionally low levels of trash that can be easily disposed of. When locally-produced materials are used for building purposes, it creates jobs and is more eco-friendly, during the times of crisis. CSEB and conventional bricks require different amounts of energy and release significantly different amounts of carbon dioxide throughout the production process. A review of the construction process that utilizes clay bricks and CSEBs has been conducted using the data and reports from numerous research papers and organizations. According to this review, the Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks outperform the fire-burnt clay bricks in terms of advantages. When it comes to creating new environment-friendly construction materials, the CSEBs remain a viable option.
The New Green Regenerative Architecture
Authors: Charanya Devi A , Jeyaradha J
Published: July 2023

Since Brundtland Commission, 1987 defined Sustainability – “Utilising resources without compromising future generations”, today’s generations continue to compromise the future generations by exploiting the resources and fail to address the potential to move the benchmark, wider on the global climatic issues. The emerging field of regenerative design aims at extending the design and development from neutrality paradigm - resource efficiency to net positive approach that can help the community to resolve the ecological and socio – economic crisis. This approach requires an in-depth understanding about the ecosystem principles, see ‘place’ as a core concept, design and evolve buildings that can regenerate the surrounding ecosystem. Being an emerging concept, the regenerative concept has significant theoretical perspectives with limited case examples. The purpose of the current study is to develop a design framework that bridges the gap between theory and practicality. The current research paper examines the field of regenerative design, its current theory and the works of various ecologists and architects through secondary research. Further, it also explores the limitations and barriers between the theories and practice worldwide. The collected literature was interpreted, evaluated through qualitative methods and concluded with a framework strategy that can be applied in design process as well as in the evaluation of the proposals.
Understanding the relationship between Urban Heat Island and Urban Vegetation by reviewing three decades of satellite images for the Chennai Metropolitan Area
Authors: Bala Raju Sethupatu , Sathyanarayanan Sanchana , Jeyaparakash Sindhuja Tumatin
Published: July 2023

Urbanization has led to one of the most important climatic issues i.e., the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA), the overall distribution of the green cover has gradually succumbed to urbanization whereas the temperatures have soared by 1.3 deg C in the past six decades. Urban vegetation provides shade and protects the buildings from direct solar exposure, thus reduces the UHI. Further, it also sequester large quantities of carbon, reduce storm water runoff and function as noise filters and pollutant traps. In comparison with the international UHI studies, the studies concerning Indian UHI are limited. Hence, the aim of the current research work is to understand the seasonal relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of CMA using LANDSAT 4, 5, 7 and 8 images captured during the years 1988, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2008, 2013 and 2016. The results are discussed under three parts namely, Part-A, Part-B, and Part-C. Part-A results infer that the CMA is covered predominantly by minimum LST values (9 deg C to 25 deg C) and maximum LST values (25 deg C to 50 deg C) during Monsoon and Summer/Post-Monsoon seasons, respectively. The mean LST of the CMA is between 18 deg C to 31 deg C throughout the year. In Part B analysis results, the study establishes a moderate seasonal correlation between LST and the NDVI values (r-values between -0.2648 and 0.3604). According to Part C results, ‘High Vegetation’ (NDVI values 0.5 to 1) has a significant role in maintaining the average LST during all four seasons. Further, it also has the potential to reduce the LST values during the summer season in CMA. However, due to a moderate correlation, the urban vegetation may reduce the LST value only as an outcome of reducing the rest of the UHI contributors.
Thermal Performance Study of Building Materials in an Urban Form
Authors: Subramanian Shobana
Published: July 2023

A tropical Chennai city, is already enduring heat stresses in its urban areas and is extremely vulnerable to temperature rise. Furthermore, Chennai continues to expand, thus the need to conduct research and make informed decisions on sensible strategies and regulations on how to construct and with what to construct attains much significance in recent times. One of the major contributors to the urban heat is the materials used on the surfaces of the urban form. The current paper assesses and demonstrates the performance of two wall materials – Clay Brick and AAC, usually utilized in urban developments within the context of an optimal urban morphological region. This is accomplished by making a compact mid-rise urban form of residential typology and utilizing ENVI-met 4.0 and re-creating the outdoor microclimatic conditions with AAC and Clay Brick walls. The urban form created with the Clay brick walls are found to be cooler by 0.010°C. Compared to daytime, at night time, the outside air temperature with clay brick walls and AAC dividers are cooler respectively. This investigation additionally discovered that a huge distinction to outside air temperature for studied urban form structure can be made by expanding the Sky View Factor (SVF), contrasted with an adjustment of material. The understandings from this study can be expanded and be applied productively to impact changes in Urban development guidelines.
Results of use of aqueous solution of corn extract as a growth stimulant in germination of triticale seeds
Authors: Skamarokhova A S , Agarkova N V , Danilova A A , Yurin D A , Svistunov A A
Published: July 2023

In the process of looking for ways to diversify the implementation into the production of secondary raw materials, a laboratory experiment was performed, the purpose of which was to determine whether the product of deep processing of corn, liquid corn extract, is suitable as a source of nutrients for seed germination. For this experiment, a winter cereal fodder crop was chosen - triticale (variety Tikhon). In a solution of corn extract with a concentration of 3 ml/l, triticale showed the best indicators of germination energy and germination compared to the control, which provides a perspective to study the application of this raw material as a natural biostimulator or a component of organic biofertilizer. According to biometric indicators, the seeds of winter triticale showed themselves better in the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 3 ml/l. In the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 5 ml/l, inhibition along the length of the roots is noticeable. The length of the sprout in two experimental variants is higher than in the control.
Research into the nested method of sowing soybean under the conditions of a moderate-continental climate
Authors: Khairullina S , Strygin S P , Sinelnikov A A , Pustovarov N Y , Balashov A V
Published: July 2023

Sowing is the most important agrotechnical operation, on which the yield directly depends. With the nested method of sowing soybeans, better illumination is achieved, thanks to which plants develop the root system and aboveground parts better, which contributes to a high attachment of the lower beans on plants and reduces losses during harvesting. A seeding apparatus for nest sowing has been designed and manufactured, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties and dimensional characteristics of soybean seeds. Field studies of the nested method of sowing soybeans were carried out in the farm “Niva” of the Tambov region, according to the results of which, taking into account the humidity and weight of 1000 seeds, the biological yield was calculated. With the nested method of sowing. on the experimental plot, a yield of more than 4 t/ha was obtained, which is 0.4% more than with continuous sowing on the control plot, despite the 2-fold increased seeding rate on it. The height of attachment of the lower beans on the plants of the experimental plot averaged 15 cm, on the control plot the height of attachment of the lower beans was 10 cm.
Influence of mineral components on photosynthetic activity and productivity of cucumber plants “Monsoon F1”
Authors: Dubrovina O A , Zubkova T V , Shchuchka R V
Published: July 2023

In the conditions of the greenhouse of I.A.Bunin YSU, the influence of water-soluble multicomponent micronutrients - Green Lift, Nutrivant Plus - was studied Melon, Vitanol Micro on the physiological development of cucumber plants “Monsoon F1”. It was established that multicomponent micro fertilizers affect plant growth. The high efficiency of non-root fertilizing on growth processes in variants with the use of Green Lift was revealed. The smallest result was obtained between control and application Vitanol. The highest effect on the photosynthetic potential of plants from the applied fertilizers was obtained in the variant with the use of Vitanol.
Changes of soil organic matter stock in meadow ecosystems in the south of Western Siberia
Authors: Yakutin M V , Yu Anopchenko L
Published: July 2023

The study was conducted on the Baraba plain in the southern part of Western Siberia. Soil samples in meadow ecosystems that are at different stages of succession after drying of the lake bottom were analyzed. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the content of soil organic matter and microbial biomass (the active part of soil organic matter) in successional ecosystems formed in the floodplain of the drying salt lake gradually increases and in the last stages of development reaches the values of zonal chernozem soils. The process of accumulation of carbon stocks of humus and microbial biomass slows down against the background of a high concentration of salts in individual horizons of young soil profiles. This may be the reason for the revealed pattern, according to which the main carbon stock of humus and microbial biomass are concentrated in the upper (0-10 cm) layer of the emerging soils. This is especially noticeable at the very first initial stage of soil development and the next stage of the salicornia community (Salicornia perennans). In the last stages of succession, solonetz and chernozem-meadow soils are formed under meadow ecosystems. The carbon stock of humus and microbial biomass at these stages of soil development significantly increase against the background of active processes of reducing the amount of salts in the profiles of meadow soils. And only at these last stages there is a significant increase in carbon stocks of humus and microbial biomass in a layer of 10-20 cm.
The last Pleistocene glaciation, gaps in the bird areas of Eastern Siberia and their role in increasing the species diversity of its territory during periods of sharp climate warming
Authors: Mel’nikov Yu I
Published: July 2023

Based on many years of work (1968-2022) and the analysis of special literature, the main features of the modern avifauna of Eastern Siberia and its relationship with Pleistocene glaciations and the climate of the previous epoch are shown. The eastern regions of Russia and the adjacent more southern large mountain systems were characterized by mountain-valley glaciations in the Pleistocene. As a result, up to the Himalayas, the continuous ranges of birds of this period were torn into two parts, and, taking into account the very complex terrain of the territory, into a larger number of isolates. Gaps in bird ranges caused intensive speciation and, in comparison with the previous period, to the formation of increased diversity. Modern climate warming, especially pronounced in Eastern Siberia, has led to the intensive movement of birds to the north, as well as the formation of western and eastern bird settlement flows. As a result, the total diversity of the species composition of birds in Eastern Siberia increased by 116 species (23.6% of the original diversity). The basis of the new species are birds whose habitats were torn apart during the last Pleistocene glaciation. After the discontinuities of the ranges, the tendency to the formation of new species is clearly visible in forest and mountain bird species. In waterfowl and waterfowl, they often did not lead to the formation of new species. This is due to the fact that coastal birds often had a common range far in the south of Asia, where the overall climate cooling was the least. Currently, some species have already formed extensive zones of intergradation of the habitats of closely related species, and many have a clear general trend towards the development of this process. Consequently, mountain-valley glaciers dramatically increased the diversity and isolation of habitats and increased the intensity of speciation of birds based on new geographical isolates. Undoubtedly, prolonged cooling and warming of the climate in a complex and diverse geographical environment are environmental factors of the evolutionary process.
Chemical study of Gallaorol spring water resources is the basis of rational using from them (Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan)
Authors: Tashpulatova S A , Mamarakhimov O M , Kamalova M J , Nabiev U A , Abdullayeva N S
Published: July 2023

Chemical analysis results of some spring waters of Gallaorol district was described, located in Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan. The coordination indicators of water resources were identified for creating map. All indicators of water laboratory checked and analyzed by national standards. Chemical and physical indicators of springs fully answered of criteria, but NO3- is slightly higher than the requirement of standard in Spring No. 21 and Spring No. 24 (Spring No. 21 – 48.8 mg/dm3 and Spring No. 24 – 45.6 mg/dm3). The hygienic standard requirement of the Republic of Uzbekistan for household and drinking quality is 45.00 mg/dm3.
Features of the dynamics of species ranges of some insect species in Transbaikalia in modern climatic conditions
Authors: Korsun O V
Published: July 2023

Over the past decades, a significant number of cases of invasions and expansions of the ranges of insects belonging to various taxa have been noted in Transbaikalia. Among them, one can single out both temporary, known for their habitation (including mass ones) only in certain years, and those that persist for a number of years and are examples of the successful expansion of species ranges. Cases of rapid expansion of the ranges of several species into new territories have also been noted. This can be explained by the tendency of the species to long-distance migrations or the ability to spread passively with the help of humans. For other species, the most acceptable hypothesis is the influence of climate change, which makes new territories more accessible.
Study of the preservation of phycocyanin in modules with milk proteins during pasteurization
Authors: Novokshanova A L , Bilyalova A S , Zorin S N
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of studying the degree of destruction of phycocyanin in the composition of the protein module under various pasteurization modes. The objects of the study were: dry sodium caseinate with a mass fraction of protein 85%, dry whey protein concentrate with a mass fraction of protein 80% in dry matter, phycocyanin extract containing 42.7 wt.% phycocyanins. 1% aqueous solutions were prepared from each object. Sorption of phycocyanin by the protein matrix was carried out by combining an aqueous solution of 1% phycocyanin with a 1% aqueous solution of protein in a ratio of 1:1, and thermostated at a temperature of (28.0 ± 0.5)°C for 60 min. The prepared modules were pasteurized under the following conditions: 30 minutes at 60°C, 2 minutes at 75°C and 0.5 minutes at 95°C. The concentration of phycocyanin in the samples was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Under the experimental conditions, spectrophotometry revealed a tendency to destruction of phycocyanin during pasteurization under the studied temperature conditions. It has been established that milk proteins to some extent can have a thermoprotective effect on phycocyanin. The greatest effect of preserving phycocyanin was achieved in the protein module with sodium caseinate after sample pasteurization at 60°C.
Ways to increase the efficiency of using agricultural machinery in performing technological operations
Authors: Khaliullin D T , Belinsky A V , Gayfullin I Kh , Popoldnev R S , Badretdinov I D
Published: July 2023

One of the ways to increase productivity of plowing unit is to meet the conditions of stability of the implement’s stroke at the least frictional forces of plough from pressure on the bottom and walls of the furrow. The direction of the traction line in the horizontal plane has a great influence on the resistance of the plough and the stability of its movement. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the optimal modes of operation of a tillage unit in the performance of technological operations. The laws of physical-mechanical and technological properties of soil were used in the analysis of working processes of agricultural machinery operation. Calculations were made to determine the tractor gauge for aggregating ploughs with different numbers of bodies and their working widths: the less hulls plough - the greater the pressure force, with 4 hulls the efficiency increases smoothly to 60% - 80%; with multibody ploughs (12 hull) efficiency can to 100%. The plow manufacturers should place the pull point at a distance from the center line towards the furrow by an amount equal to 1/3 of the length from the center of resistance to the pull point. Provided that plowing in the furrow: the track width of tractors when working with 1-4 body plows should be 0.65 … 0.95 m, when aggregating with plows from 5 to 14 bodies - 1.10 … 2, 69 m.
Energy saving in water supply systems of livestock complexes using an adjustable asynchronous electric drive
Authors: Kaun O Y , Yurov A A , Antonov M A , Voronov A S , Babina L V
Published: July 2023

This article presents an energy-saving electric drive of a direct-flow water supply system. The analysis of various water supply systems for animal watering is given. An experimental installation of an adjustable electric drive of an asynchronous electric drive is presented, which allows selecting parameters for a frequency converter for the technological process and reducing the consumption of electrical energy by up to 10%. The hypothesis of reducing the energy consumption of the pumping unit when regulating the voltage and frequency of the supply network is confirmed.
‘Goldilocks zone’ may not be a good metric for life
Authors: van Woerkom Ethan
Published: July 2023

Most exoplanets lying in the habitable zones around stars are in fact inhospitable to plant life as we know it, according to a new study.
Bounded degree cosystolic expanders of every dimension
Authors: Evra Shai , Kaufman Tali
Published: July 2023

In this work we present a new local to global criterion for proving a form of high dimensional expansion, which we term cosystolic expansion. Applying this criterion on Ramanujan complexes yields for every dimension an infinite family of bounded degree complexes with the topological overlap property. This answers an open question raised by Gromov.
Validation and benchmarking of targeted panel sequencing for cancer genomic profiling
Authors: Wang Duo , Wang Sizhen , Zhang Yuanfeng , Cheng Xiaolei , Huang Xin , Han Yanxi , Chen Zhaohui , Liu Cong , Li Jinming , Zhang Rui
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To validate a large next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for comprehensive genomic profiling and improve patient access to more effective precision oncology treatment strategies.

Methods

OncoPanScan was designed by targeting 825 cancer-related genes to detect a broad range of genomic alterations. A practical validation strategy was used to evaluate the assay’s analytical performance, involving 97 tumor specimens with 25 paired blood specimens, 10 engineered cell lines, and 121 artificial reference DNA samples.

Results

Overall, 1107 libraries were prepared and the sequencing failure rate was 0.18%. Across alteration classes, sensitivity ranged from 0.938 to more than 0.999, specificity ranged from 0.889 to more than 0.999, positive predictive value ranged from 0.867 to more than 0.999, repeatability ranged from 0.908 to more than 0.999, and reproducibility ranged from 0.832 to more than 0.999. The limit of detection for variants was established based on variant frequency, while for tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability, it was based on tumor content, resulting in a minimum requirement of 20% tumor content. Benchmarking variant calls against validated NGS assays revealed that variations in the dry-bench processes were the primary cause of discordances.

Conclusions

This study presents a detailed validation framework and empirical recommendations for large panel validation and elucidates the sources of discordant alteration calls by comparing with “gold standard measures.”
Mucosal appendicitis: How can it be differentiated from nonappendicitis?
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , Delgado Bonifacio , Escuer Albero Guillermo , Camps Juan , López-Santamaría Manuel , Hernández Oliveros Francisco
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Mucosal appendicitis is defined by neutrophilic infiltration limited to the mucosa, with no transmural invasion; it is currently a controversial entity. The aim of our study was to determine whether mucosal appendicitis represents an early stage of acute appendicitis (AA) or should be considered a negative appendectomy.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed of children with suspected AA who underwent surgical treatment between 2017 and 2020. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to histologic appendiceal findings: mucosal appendicitis (MA) and negative appendicitis (NA). Demographic, clinical, ultrasound, and laboratory features were compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 1269 patients with suspected appendicitis in whom appendectomy was performed were included, with a median age of 10.5 years. Mucosal appendiceal inflammation was histologically confirmed in 30 cases (MA group), while no inflammation or other pathologic findings were observed in 25 cases (NA group), with no differences in demographic, clinical, or ultrasound features between the groups. Those in the MA group presented with significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) than those in the NA group (P < .001). The NLR was the parameter with the highest area under the curve (0.736) for the diagnosis of MA. A cutoff of 3.20 was established, with a maximum sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 78.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

Mucosal appendicitis presents with laboratory and histologic inflammatory features that can be distinguished from nonappendicitis and should therefore be considered a pathologic entity within the spectrum of AA. Preoperative leukocyte and neutrophil counts and NLRs may help reduce the number of negative appendectomies.
Trends in Cannabis Use, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension in Middle-Aged Adults: Findings From NHANES, 2009–2018
Authors: Corroon Jamie , Grant Igor , Bradley Ryan , Allison Matthew A
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Observational studies investigating associations between cannabis use and blood pressure (BP)/hypertension are inconsistent.

METHODS

Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for five 2-year cycles between 2009 and 2018 representing 9,783 middle-aged adults (35–59 years). Hypertension was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥130, diastolic BP (DBP) ≥80, or a BP medication. Sample-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between cannabis use and BP and hypertension.

RESULTS

One quarter of respondents (n = 2,228) reported a history of monthly cannabis use for more than 1 year, which was consistent over the study period (P for trend = 0.75). Approximately 48% (n = 4,831) met the definition of hypertension. While a significant positive trend was seen over time for mean SBP and DBP (P = <0.01 for both), no significant trend was seen in prevalent hypertension (P for trend = 0.23). In adjusted models, compared with never use, a history of monthly cannabis use for more than 1 year was not associated with increased BP (mean SBP: 124.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 122.4–126.6) vs. 122.6 (95% CI, 120.9–124.2); DBP: 74.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 73.1–76.2) vs. 74.1 (95% CI, 72.8–75.4)), or prevalent hypertension (odds ratio = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.62–1.24)). Results from analyses of duration of monthly use, and recency and frequency of recent use were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

A history of monthly cannabis use for more than 1 year was not independently associated with either increased BP or prevalent hypertension in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged US adults.