bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique Aspects of Cryptochrome in Chronobiology and Metabolism, Pancreaticβ-Cell Dysfunction, and Regeneration: Research into Cysteine414-Alanine Mutant CRY1
Authors: Okano Satoshi
Published: December 2016

Cryptochrome proteins (CRYs), which can bind noncovalently to cofactor (chromophore) flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), occur widely among organisms. CRYs play indispensable roles in the generation of circadian rhythm in mammals. Transgenic mice (Tg mice), ubiquitously expressing mouse CRY1 having a mutation in which cysteine414 (the zinc-binding site of CRY1) being replaced with alanine, display unique phenotypes in their circadian rhythms. Moreover, male Tg mice exhibit symptoms of diabetes characterized by beta-cell dysfunction, resembling human maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The lowered proliferation ofβ-cells is a primary cause of age-dependentβ-cell loss. Furthermore, unusually enlarged duct-like structures developed prominently in the Tg mice pancreases. The duct-like structures contained insulin-positive cells, suggesting neogenesis ofβ-cells in the Tg mice. This review, based mainly on the author’s investigation of the unique features of Tg mice, presents reported results and recent findings related to molecular processes associated with mammalian cryptochromes, especially their involvement in the regulation of metabolism. New information is described with emphasis on the aspects of islet architecture, pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction, and regeneration.
Probabilistic Approach in Wellbore Stability Analysis during Drilling
Authors: Al-Khayari Mahmood R. , Al-Ajmi Adel M. , Al-Wahaibi Yahya
Published: December 2016

In oil industry, wellbore instability is the most costly problem that a well drilling operation may encounter. One reason for wellbore failure can be related to ignoring rock mechanics effects. A solution to overcome this problem is to adopt in situ stresses in conjunction with a failure criterion to end up with a deterministic model that calculates collapse pressure. However, the uncertainty in input parameters can make this model misleading and useless. In this paper, a new probabilistic wellbore stability model is presented to predict the critical drilling fluid pressure before the onset of a wellbore collapse. The model runs Monte Carlo simulation to capture the effects of uncertainty in in situ stresses, drilling trajectories, and rock properties. The developed model was applied to different in situ stress regimes: normal faulting, strike slip, and reverse faulting. Sensitivity analysis was applied to all carried out simulations and found that well trajectories have the biggest impact factor in wellbore instability followed by rock properties. The developed model improves risk management of wellbore stability. It helps petroleum engineers and field planners to make right decisions during drilling and fields’ development.
Isolated Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Recurrent Syncope
Authors: Bhogal Sukhdeep , Ladia Vatsal , Sitwala Puja , AlBalbissi Kais , Paul Timir
Published: December 2016

Isolated ventricular noncompaction (IVNC) occurs because of interruption of trabecular morphogenesis in the myocardium leading to ventricular noncompaction. Patients present with heart failure or with systemic complications secondary to thromboembolism or arrhythmias. High index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis. We present a case of 48-year-old male with unexplained recurrent syncope who was eventually diagnosed with IVNC.
Comparing Dimensions of Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Grafts with Native Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments
Authors: Yılmaz Barış , Özdemir Güzelali , Keskinöz Elif N. , Tümentemur Gamze , Gökkuş Kemal , Demiralp Bahtiyar
Published: December 2016

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether or not there was any incompatibility between four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the ACL and PCL.Methods. 15 fresh frozen cadaver hamstrings were prepared as four-strand grafts and measurements made of the ACL and PCL circumferences in the midsection were made in the narrowest part of the midsection. The cross-section areas and diameters were calculated with geometric calculations used to measure the cross-sectional area of cylinders. Accepting that the geometric insertions were elliptical, the length, width, and area were calculated for entry areas.Results. A significant relationship at 96.2% was determined between the ACL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 96.7% was determined between the ACL and the hamstring mid area. A significant relationship at 96.4% was determined between the PCL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 95.7% was determined between the PCL and the hamstring mid area.Conclusion. For the reconstruction of ACL and PCL, it was determined that there is less incompatibility between the four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the midsection PCL compared to the ACL dimensions.
Investigation of the Key Pharmacological Activities of Ficus racemosa and Analysis of Its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC‐DAD
Authors: Sumi Salma Akter , Siraj Md. Afjalus , Hossain Amir , Mia Md. Sagir , Afrin Seagufta , Rahman Md. Mustafizur
Published: December 2016

Objective. Oxidative stress leads to numerous physiological disorders including infectious diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity of methanol crude extract of leaves and fruits of the Ficus racemosa (LCME and FCME, resp.) and to analyse its major bioactive polyphenols by HPLC‐DAD. Methods. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total tannin content assay, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols were done by HPLC‐DAD method. Antibacterial activity was tested by “disc diffusion” method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out to check the cytotoxic potential. Result. Both LCME and FCME showed DPPH scavenging ability and concentration dependent reducing power activity. They had phenolic content, flavonoid content, and tannin content. Both the extracts showed superoxide radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability. HPLC analysis of LCME and FCME indicated the presence of significant amount of gallic acid along with other phenolic constituents. Conclusion. Significant amount of gallic acid along with other phenolic constituents might have played an important role in the observed antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity.
Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Advantages and Limitations of Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Vilaverde Filipa , Rocha Ana , Reis Alcinda
Published: December 2016

Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. We report a case of 42-year-old asymptomatic female with a histopathological proven multifocal tubular carcinoma, studied by mammography, Tomosynthesis, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limitations of Tomosynthesis, an emerging imaging technique, in this particular case.
Hepatoepigenetic Alterations in Viral and Nonviral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kgatle Mankgopo M. , Setshedi Mashiko , Hairwadzi Henry N.
Published: December 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Extensive evidence endorses that HCC is a multifactorial disease characterised by hepatic cirrhosis mostly associated with chronic inflammation and hepatitis B/C viral infections. Interaction of viral products with the host cell machinery may lead to increased frequency of genetic and epigenetic aberrations that cause harmful alterations in gene transcription. This may provide a progressive selective advantage for neoplastic transformation of hepatocytes associated with phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumour HCC cells, thus posing even more challenges in HCC treatment development. Epigenetic aberrations involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding miRNA dysregulation have been shown to be intimately linked with and play a critical role in tumour initiation, progression, and metastases. The current review focuses on the aberrant hepatoepigenetics events that play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and their utilities in the development of HCC therapy.
Seminal miRNA Relationship with Apoptotic Markers and Oxidative Stress in Infertile Men with Varicocele
Authors: Mostafa Taymour , Rashed Laila A. , Nabil Nashaat I. , Osman Ihab , Mostafa Rashad , Farag Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Aim. This study aimed to assess seminal miRNA relationship with seminal apoptotic markers and oxidative stress (OS) in infertile men associated with varicocele (Vx). Methods. In all, 220 subjects were divided into the following groups: fertile normozoospermic men, fertile normozoospermic men with Vx, infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men without Vx, and infertile OAT men with Vx. They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and semen analysis. In their semen, the following were estimated: miRNA-122, miRNA-181a, and miRNA-34c5 using quantitative real-time PCR, apoptotic markers (BAX, BCL2) protein expression, and OS markers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)]. Results. The mean levels of seminal miRNA-122, miRNA-181a, and miRNA-34c5 were significantly reduced in infertile OAT men with Vx compared with other groups coupled with Vx grade and Vx bilaterality. Seminal miRNA-122, miRNA-181a, and miRNA-34c5 were positively correlated with sperm concentration, total sperm motility, sperm normal morphology, seminal GPx, and seminal BCL2 and negatively correlated with seminal MDA and seminal BAX. Conclusions. Seminal miRNA-122, miRNA-181a, and miRNA-34c5 are decreased in infertile OAT men with Vx associated with increased Vx grade and Vx bilaterality. In addition, they are positively correlated with sperm parameters and negatively correlated with OS, apoptotic markers.
Strongyloides stercoralisInfection in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Teixeira Marcia C. A. , Pacheco Flavia T. F. , Souza Joelma N. , Silva Mônica L. S. , Inês Elizabete J. , Soares Neci M.
Published: December 2016

The course ofStrongyloides stercoralisinfection is usually asymptomatic with a low discharge of rhabditoid larva in feces. However, the deleterious effects of alcohol consumption seem to enhance the susceptibility to infection, as shown by a fivefold higher strongyloidiasis frequency in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. Moreover, the association betweenS. stercoralisinfection and alcoholism presents a risk for hyperinfection and severe strongyloidiasis. There are several possible mechanisms for the disruption of the host-parasite equilibrium in ethanol-addicted patients with chronic strongyloidiasis. One explanation is that chronic ethanol intake stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to produce excessive levels of endogenous cortisol, which in turn can lead to a deficiency in type 2 T helper cells (Th2) protective response, and also to mimic the parasite hormone ecdysone, which promotes the transformation of rhabditiform larvae to filariform larvae, leading to autoinfection. Therefore, when untreated, alcoholic patients are continuously infected by this autoinfection mechanism. Thus, the early diagnosis of strongyloidiasis and treatment can prevent serious forms of hyperinfection in ethanol abusers.
Hardware Efficient Architecture with Variable Block Size for Motion Estimation
Authors: Shah Nehal N. , Singapuri Harikrishna , Dalal Upena D.
Published: December 2016

Video coding standards such as MPEG-x and H.26x incorporate variable block size motion estimation (VBSME) which is highly time consuming and extremely complex from hardware implementation perspective due to huge computation. In this paper, we have discussed basic aspects of video coding and studied and compared existing architectures for VBSME. Various architectures with different pixel scanning pattern give a variety of performance results for motion vector (MV) generation, showing tradeoff between macroblock processed per second and resource requirement for computation. Aim of this paper is to design VBSME architecture which utilizes optimal resources to minimize chip area and offer adequate frame processing rate for real time implementation. Speed of computation can be improved by accessing 16 pixels of base macroblock of size 4 × 4 in single clock cycle using z scanning pattern. Widely adopted cost function for hardware implementation known as sum of absolute differences (SAD) is used for VBSME architecture with multiplexer based absolute difference calculator and partial summation term reduction (PSTR) based multioperand adders. Device utilization of proposed implementation is only 22k gates and it can process 179 HD (1920 × 1080) resolution frames in best case and 47 HD resolution frames in worst case per second. Due to such higher throughput design is well suitable for real time implementation.
The Effect of Maximal Strength Training on Strength, Walking, and Balance in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Karpatkin Herb I. , Cohen Evan T. , Klein Sarah , Park David , Wright Charles , Zervas Michael
Published: December 2016

There is little literature examining the use of maximal strength training (MST) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This pretest-posttest study examined the effects of a MST program on strength, walking, balance, and fatigue in a sample of pwMS. Seven pwMS (median EDSS 3.0, IQR 1.5) participated in a MST program twice weekly for eight weeks. Strength was assessed with 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on each leg. Walking and balance were measured with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), respectively. Fatigue was measured during each week of the program with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The program was well tolerated, with an attendance rate of 96.4%. Participants had significant improvements in right leg 1RM (t6=-6.032, P=0.001), left leg 1RM (t(6)=-5.388, P=0.002), 6MWT distance (t(6)=-2.572,P=0.042), and BBS score (Z=-2.371, P=0.018) after the MST intervention. There was no significant change in FSS scores (F(1,3.312)=2.411, P=0.092). Participants in the MST program experienced improved balance and walking without an increase in fatigue. This MST program may be utilized by rehabilitation clinicians to improve lower extremity strength, balance, and mobility in pwMS.
Comparative In Vitro Immune Stimulation Analysis of Primary Human B Cells and B Cell Lines
Authors: Van Belle Kristien , Herman Jean , Boon Louis , Waer Mark , Sprangers Ben , Louat Thierry
Published: December 2016

B cell specific immunomodulatory drugs still remain an unmet medical need. Utilisation of validated simplified in vitro models would allow readily obtaining new insights in the complexity of B cell regulation. For this purpose we investigated which human B lymphocyte stimulation assays may be ideally suited to investigate new B lymphocyte immunosuppressants. Primary polyclonal human B cells underwent in vitro stimulation and their proliferation, production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and of cytokines, and expression of cell surface molecules were analysed using various stimuli. ODN2006, a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, was the most potent general B cell stimulus. Subsequently, we investigated on which human B cell lines ODN2006 evoked the broadest immunostimulatory effects. The Namalwa cell line proved to be the most responsive upon TLR9 stimulation and hence may serve as a relevant, homogeneous, and stable B cell model in an in vitro phenotypic assay for the discovery of new targets and inhibitors of the B cell activation processes. As for the read-out for such screening assay, it is proposed that the expression of activation and costimulatory surface markers reliably reflects B lymphocyte activation.
Minimal Solution of Complex Fuzzy Linear Systems
Authors: Guo Xiaobin , Zhang Ke
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the complex fuzzy linear equation Cz~=w~ in which C is a crisp complex matrix and w~ is an arbitrary LR complex fuzzy vector. The complex fuzzy linear system is converted to equivalent high order fuzzy linear system Gx~=b~. A new numerical procedure for calculating the complex fuzzy solution is designed and a sufficient condition for the existence of strong complex fuzzy solution is derived in detail. Some examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.
Electromagnetic and Mechanical Characteristics Analysis of a Flat-Type Vertical-Gap Passive Magnetic Levitation Vibration Isolator
Authors: Kou Baoquan , Zhou Yiheng , Yang Xiaobao , Xing Feng , Zhang He
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we describe a flat-type vertical-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator (FVPMLVI) for active vibration isolation system (AVIS). A dual-stator scheme and a special stator magnet array are adopted in the proposed FVPMLVI, which has the effect of decreasing its natural frequency, and this enhances the vibration isolation capability of the FVPMLVI. The structure, operating principle, analytical model, and electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of the FVPMLVI are investigated. The relationship between the force characteristics (levitation force, horizontal force, force ripple, and force density) and major structural parameters (width and thickness of stator and mover magnets) is analyzed by finite element method. The experiment result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Regulation of Human Cytochrome P4501A1 (hCYP1A1): A Plausible Target for Chemoprevention?
Authors: Santes-Palacios Rebeca , Ornelas-Ayala Diego , Cabañas Noel , Marroquín-Pérez Ana , Hernández-Magaña Alexis , del Rosario Olguín-Reyes Sitlali , Camacho-Carranza Rafael , Espinosa-Aguirre Jesús Javier
Published: December 2016

Human cytochrome P450 1A1 (hCYP1A1) has been an object of study due to its role in precarcinogen metabolism; for this reason it is relevant to know more in depth the mechanisms that rule out its expression and activity, which make this enzyme a target for the development of novel chemiopreventive agents. The aim of this work is to review the origin, regulation, and structural and functional characteristics of CYP1A1 letting us understand its role in the bioactivation of precarcinogen and the consequences of its modulation in other physiological processes, as well as guide us in the study of this important protein.
Quality Improvement Interventions for Early HIV Infant Diagnosis in Northeastern Uganda
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Akot Agnes , Kisitu Grace Paul , Amuge Pauline , Kekitiinwa Adeodata
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Early infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ensures prompt treatment and infant survival. In Kaabong Hospital, 20% of HIV exposed infants (HEIs) had access to HIV diagnosis by eight weeks. We aimed to improve EID of HIV by deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (DNA-PCR) testing by eight weeks from 20 to 100% between June 2014 and November 2015. Method. In this quality improvement (QI) project, EID data was reviewed, gaps prioritized using theme matrix selection, root causes analyzed using fishbone tool, and improvement changes were selected using counter measures matrix but implemented using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle. Root causes of low first DNA-PCR testing included maternal EID ignorance, absent lost mother-baby pairs (LMBP) tracking system, and no EID performance reviews. Health education, Continuous Medical Education (CMEs), and integration of laboratory and EID services were initial improvement changes used. Results. DNA-PCR testing increased from 20 to 100% between June 2014 and July 2015 and was sustained at 100% until February 2016. Two declines, 67% in September 2014 and 75% in June 2015, due to LMBP were addressed using expert clients and peer mothers, respectively. Conclusion. Formation of WIT, laboratory service integration at MBCP, and task shifting along EID cascade improved EID outcomes at 6 weeks.
Fetus in the Bladder: Rare Complication of Vesicouterine Fistula
Authors: Lesovoy Vladimir , Parashchuk Yuryi , Shchukin Dmytro , Safonov Roman , Didenkova Karyna , Lisova Maria , Safonova Inessa
Published: December 2016

The work presents a rare case of spontaneous migration of an 11-week fetus from the uterine cavity into the urinary bladder cavity through the long-standing vesicouterine fistula.
Identification of a Novel ENU-Induced Mutation in Mouse Tbx1 Linked to Human DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Chen Jiaofeng , Zhang Xue , Li Jie , Song Chenmeng , Jia Yichang , Xiong Wei
Published: December 2016

The patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), caused by deletion containing dozens of genes in chromosome 22, often carry cardiovascular problem and hearing loss associated with chronic otitis media. Inside the deletion region, a transcription factor TBX1 was highly suspected. Furthermore, similar DGS phenotypes were found in the Tbx1 heterozygous knockout mice. Using ENU-induced mutagenesis and G1 dominant screening strategy, here we identified a nonsynonymous mutation p.W118R in T-box of TBX1, the DNA binding domain for transcription activity. The mutant mice showed deficiency of inner ear functions, including head tossing and circling, plus increased hearing threshold determined by audiometry. Therefore, our result further confirms the pathogenic basis of Tbx1 in DGS, points out the crucial role of DNA binding activity of TBX1 for the ear function, and provides additional animal model for studying the DGS disease mechanisms.
Comprehensive and Conservative Management of Talon Cusp: A New Technique
Authors: Arora Ankit , Sharma Padmaja , Lodha Surendra
Published: December 2016

Talon cusp is a common dental anomaly affecting maxillary central incisors. Gradual grinding of this additional cusp is commonly followed now. Advocated below is a new technique explaining the use of air abrasion and putty index during the stepwise reduction of the cusp. The technique is advantageous in preventing patient discomfort and tracking the amount of reduction in a predictable way.
A Note on Torsion of Nonlocal Composite Nanobeams
Authors: Feo Luciano , Penna Rosa
Published: December 2016

The ERINGENelastic constitutive relation is used in this paper in order to assess small-scale effects in nanobeams. Structural behavior is studied for functionally graded materials in the cross-sectional plane and torsional loading conditions. The governing boundary value problem has been formulated in a mixed framework. Torsional rotations and equilibrated moments are evaluated by solving a first-order differential equation of elastic equilibrium with boundary conditions of kinematic-type. Benchmarks examples are briefly discussed, enlightening thus effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Oregano Essential Oil Induces SOD1 and GSH Expression through Nrf2 Activation and Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Damage in IPEC‐J2 Cells
Authors: Zou Yi , Wang Jun , Peng Jian , Wei Hongkui
Published: December 2016

Oregano essential oil (OEO) has long been used to improve the health of animals, particularly their intestinal health. The health benefits of OEO are generally attributed to antioxidative actions, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the antioxidative effects of OEO and their underlying molecular mechanisms in porcine small intestinal epithelial (IPEC‐J2) cells. We found that OEO treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure increased cell viability and prevented lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. H2O2‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably suppressed by OEO. OEO dose‐dependently increased mRNA and protein levels of the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) target genes Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and g‐glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC, GLCM), as well as intracellular concentrations of SOD1 and glutathione. OEO also increased intranuclear expression of Nrf2 and the activity of an antioxidant response element reporter plasmid in IPEC‐J2 cells. The OEO‐induced expression of Nrf2‐regulated genes and increased SOD1 and glutathione concentrations in IPEC‐J2 cells were reduced by Nrf2 small interfering (si) RNAs, counteracting the protective effects of OEO against oxidative stress in IPEC‐J2 cells. Our results suggest that OEO protects against H2O2‐induced IPEC‐J2 cell damage by inducing Nrf2 and related antioxidant enzymes.
Hyperexcitability in Spinal WDR Neurons following Experimental Disc Herniation Is Associated with Upregulation of Fractalkine and Its Receptor in Nucleus Pulposus and the Dorsal Root Ganglion
Authors: Jacobsen Daniel Pitz , Moen Aurora , Haugen Fred , Gjerstad Johannes
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Lumbar radicular pain following intervertebral disc herniation may be associated with a local inflammatory response induced by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Methods. In anaesthetized Lewis rats, extracellular single unit recordings of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn and qPCR were used to explore the effect of NP application onto the dorsal nerve roots (L3–L5). Results. A clear increase in C-fiber response was observed following NP conditioning. In the NP tissue, the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), fractalkine (CX3CL1), and the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 was increased. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, inhibited the increase in neuronal activity and attenuated the increase in IL-1β, Csf1, CX3L1, and CX3CR1 expression in NP tissue. In addition, the results demonstrated an increase in the expression of TNF, CX3CL1, and CX3CR1 in the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). Conclusion. Hyperexcitability in the pain pathways and the local inflammation after disc herniation may involve upregulation of CX3CL1 signaling in both the NP and the DRG.
Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review
Authors: Mohd Nani Samihah Zura , Majid F. A. A. , Jaafar A. B. , Mahdzir A. , Musa M. N.
Published: December 2016

Deep sea water (DSW) commonly refers to a body of seawater that is pumped up from a depth of over 200 m. It is usually associated with the following characteristics: low temperature, high purity, and being rich with nutrients, namely, beneficial elements, which include magnesium, calcium, potassium, chromium, selenium, zinc, and vanadium. Less photosynthesis of plant planktons, consumption of nutrients, and organic decomposition have caused lots of nutrients to remain there. Due to this, DSW has potential to become a good source for health. Research has proven that DSW can help overcome health problems especially related to lifestyle‐associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and skin problems. This paper reviews the potential health benefits of DSW by referring to the findings from previous researches.
A Decomposition-Based Unified Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Problems Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Pan Anqi , Tian Hongjun , Wang Lei , Wu Qidi
Published: December 2016

Evolutionary algorithms have proved to be efficient approaches in pursuing optimum solutions of multiobjective optimization problems with the number of objectives equal to or less than three. However, the searching performance degenerates in high-dimensional objective optimizations. In this paper we propose an algorithm for many-objective optimization with particle swarm optimization as the underlying metaheuristic technique. In the proposed algorithm, the objectives are decomposed and reconstructed using discrete decoupling strategy, and the subgroup procedures are integrated into unified coevolution strategy. The proposed algorithm consists of inner and outer evolutionary processes, together with adaptive factor μ, to maintain convergence and diversity. At the same time, a designed repository reconstruction strategy and improved leader selection techniques of MOPSO are introduced. The comparative experimental results prove that the proposed UMOPSO-D outperforms the other six algorithms, including four common used algorithms and two newly proposed algorithms based on decomposition, especially in high-dimensional targets.
Uterine Rupture with Cesarean Scar Heterotopic Pregnancy with Survival of the Intrauterine Twin
Authors: Lincenberg Kimberly R. , Behrman Eric R. , Bembry James S. , Kovac Christine M.
Published: December 2016

Background. Heterotopic pregnancy is a multiple gestation with both intrauterine and ectopic fetuses. A cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is when the fetus has implanted over the previous hysterotomy site. A known complication of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is uterine rupture, which can cause great morbidity and mortality. Case. 28-year-old G5P3105 at 10 weeks with a dichorionic diamniotic gestation was found to have a ruptured uterus with expulsion of a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy and retention of the intrauterine fetus. After uterine repair, the singleton gestation reached viability was delivered by emergent cesarean section for placental abruption. Conclusion. Safe management of cesarean ectopic pregnancy requires early diagnosis by ultrasonography. With early detection, management can focus on preventing maternal morbidity of uterine rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage.
The Usefulness of Determining Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Concentration Excreted in the Urine in the Evaluation of Cyclosporine A Nephrotoxicity in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Gacka Ewa , Życzkowski Marcin , Bogacki Rafał , Paradysz Andrzej , Hyla-Klekot Lidia
Published: December 2016

Introduction.The use of cyclosporine (CsA) in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) contributed to a significant reduction in the amount of corticosteroids used in therapy and its cumulative side effects. One of the major drawbacks of CsA therapy is its nephrotoxicity. Prolonged CsA treatment protocols require sensitive, easily available, and simple to measure biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. NGAL is an antibacterial peptide, excreted by cells of renal tubules in response to their toxic or inflammatory damage.Aim of the Study.The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the NGAL concentration in the urine as a potential biomarker of the CsA nephrotoxicity.Material and Methods.The study was performed on a group of 31 children with NS treated with CsA. The control group consisted of 23 children diagnosed with monosyptomatic enuresis. The relationship between NGAL excreted in urine and the time of CsA treatment, concentration of CsA in blood serum, and other biochemical parameters was assessed.Results.The study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between urine NGAL concentration and serum triglycerides concentration and no correlation between C0 CsA concentration and other observed parameters of NS. The duration of treatment had a statistically significant influence on the NGAL to creatinine ratio.Conclusions.NGAL cannot be used alone as a simple CsA nephrotoxicity marker during NS therapy. Statistically significant correlation between NGAL urine concentration and the time of CsA therapy indicates potential benefits of using this biomarker in the monitoring of nephrotoxicity in case of prolonged CsA therapy.
A Study of the Flow Field Surrounding Interacting Line Fires
Authors: Maynard Trevor , Princevac Marko , Weise David R.
Published: December 2016

The interaction of converging fires often leads to significant changes in fire behavior, including increased flame length, angle, and intensity. In this paper, the fluid mechanics of two adjacent line fires are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A simple potential flow model is used to explain the tilting of interacting flames towards each other, which results from a momentum imbalance triggered by fire geometry. The model was validated by measuring the velocity field surrounding stationary alcohol pool fires. The flow field was seeded with high-contrast colored smoke, and the motion of smoke structures was analyzed using a cross-correlation optical flow technique. The measured velocities and flame angles are found to compare reasonably with the predicted values, and an analogy between merging fires and wind-blown flames is proposed.
Computational Analysis of Pumping Efficacy of a Left Ventricular Assist Device according to Cannulation Site in Heart Failure with Valvular Regurgitation
Authors: Heikhmakhtiar Aulia Khamas , Lim Ki Moo
Published: December 2016

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) causes blood to flow in two directions during contraction of the left ventricle (LV), that is, forward into the aorta and backward into the left atrium (LA). In aortic valve regurgitation (AR), leakage occurs from the aorta into the LV during diastole. Our objective is to analyze the contribution of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to MR and AR for the following two different cannulation sites: from the LA to the aorta (LAAO) and from the LV to the aorta (LVAO). Using a computational method, we simulated three ventricular conditions (normal [HF without valvular regurgitation], 5% MR, and 5% AR) in three groups (control [no LVAD], LAAO, and LVAO). The results showed that LVAD with LAAO cannulation is appropriate for recovery of the MR heart, and the LVAD with LVAO cannulation is appropriate for treating the AR heart.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion via Attenuating Apoptosis and Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Li-ping , Jiang Yi-chuan , Yu Xiao-feng , Xu Hua-li , Li Min , Zhao Xue-zhong , Sui Da-yuan
Published: December 2016

Objectives. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the ginsenosides which are the main constituents isolated from Panax ginseng. Previous study demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 had a protective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion‐ (I/R‐) induced injury. Objective. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cardiac function impairment induced by myocardial I/R in rats. Methods. Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to myocardial I/R. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters and histopathological examination were carried out. The expressions of P53, Bcl‐2, Bax, and cleaved caspase‐3 and the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in the left ventricles were measured. Results. Ginsenoside Rg3 increased a left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 also alleviated increases of left ventricular end diastolic pressure and decreases of left ventricular systolic pressure and ±dp/dt in myocardial I/R‐rats. Ginsenoside Rg3 decreased apoptosis cells through inhibiting the activation of caspase‐3. Ginsenoside Rg3 also caused significant reductions of the contents of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in left ventricles of myocardial I/R‐rats. Conclusion. The findings suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 possessed the effect of improving myocardial I/R‐induced cardiac function impairment and that the mechanism of pharmacological action of ginsenoside Rg3 was related to its properties of antiapoptosis and anti‐inflammation.
Design of a Narrow Bandwidth Bandpass Filter Using Compact Spiral Resonator with Chirality
Authors: Li Weiping , Tang Zongxi , Cao Xin
Published: December 2016

In this article, a compact narrow-bandpass filter with high selectivity and improved rejection level is presented. For miniaturization, a pair of double negative (DNG) cells consisting of quasi-planar chiral resonators are cascaded and electrically loaded to a microstrip transmission line; short ended stubs are introduced to expand upper rejection band. The structure is analyzed using equivalent circuit models and simulated based on EM simulation software. For validation, the proposed filter is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. By comparing to other filters in the references, it is shown that the proposed filter has the advantage of skirt selectivity and compact size, so it can be integrated more conveniently in modern wireless communication systems and microwave planar circuits.
A Systematic Framework for Drug Repositioning from Integrated Omics and Drug Phenotype Profiles Using Pathway-Drug Network
Authors: Jadamba Erkhembayar , Shin Miyoung
Published: December 2016

Drug repositioning offers new clinical indications for old drugs. Recently, many computational approaches have been developed to repurpose marketed drugs in human diseases by mining various of biological data including disease expression profiles, pathways, drug phenotype expression profiles, and chemical structure data. However, despite encouraging results, a comprehensive and efficient computational drug repositioning approach is needed that includes the high-level integration of available resources. In this study, we propose a systematic framework employing experimental genomic knowledge and pharmaceutical knowledge to reposition drugs for a specific disease. Specifically, we first obtain experimental genomic knowledge from disease gene expression profiles and pharmaceutical knowledge from drug phenotype expression profiles and construct a pathway-drug network representing a priori known associations between drugs and pathways. To discover promising candidates for drug repositioning, we initialize node labels for the pathway-drug network using identified disease pathways and known drugs associated with the phenotype of interest and perform network propagation in a semisupervised manner. To evaluate our method, we conducted some experiments to reposition 1309 drugs based on four different breast cancer datasets and verified the results of promising candidate drugs for breast cancer by a two-step validation procedure. Consequently, our experimental results showed that the proposed framework is quite useful approach to discover promising candidates for breast cancer treatment.
Gray Matter Atrophy within the Default Mode Network of Fibromyalgia: A Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
Authors: Lin Chemin , Lee Shwu-Hua , Weng Hsu-Huei
Published: December 2016

Over the years, studies have demonstrated morphological changes in the brain of fibromyalgia (FMS). We aimed to conduct a coordinate-based meta-analytic research through systemic review on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) imaging results to identify consistent gray matter (GM) difference between FMS patients and healthy subjects. We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed (January 2000–December 2015) and included six VBM publication on FMS. Stereotactic data were extracted from 180 patients of FMS and 123 healthy controls. By means of activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique, regional GM reduction in left medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsal posterior cingulate cortex was identified. Both regions are within the default mode network. In conclusion, the gray matter deficit is related to the both affective and nonaffective components of pain processing. This result also provided the neuroanatomical correlates for emotional and cognitive symptoms in FMS.
Kinetics Extraction Modelling and Antiproliferative Activity ofClinacanthus nutansWater Extract
Authors: Fazil Farah Nadiah Mohd , Azzimi Nur Syarafina Mohd , Yahaya Badrul Hisham , Kamalaldin Nurulain Atikah , Zubairi Saiful Irwan
Published: December 2016

Clinacanthus nutansis widely grown in tropical Asia and locally known “belalai gajah” or Sabah snake grass. It has been used as a natural product to treat skin rashes, snake bites, lesion caused by herpes, diabetes, fever, and cancer. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to determine the maximum yield and time of exhaustive flavonoids extraction using Peleg’s model and to evaluate potential of antiproliferative activity on human lung cancer cell (A549). The extraction process was carried out on fresh and dried leaves at 28 to 30°C with liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 mL/g for 72 hrs. The extracts were collected intermittently analysed using mathematical Peleg’s model and RP-HPLC. The highest amount of flavonoids was used to evaluate the inhibitory concentration (IC50) via 2D cell culture of A549. Based on the results obtained, the predicted maximum extract density was observed at 29.20 ± 14.54 hrs of extraction (texhaustive). However, the exhaustive time of extraction to acquire maximum flavonoids content exhibited approximately 10 hrs earlier. Therefore, 18 hrs of extraction time was chosen to acquire high content of flavonoids. The best antiproliferative effect (IC50) on A549 cell line was observed at 138.82 ± 0.60 µg/mL. In conclusion, the flavonoids content inClinacanthus nutanswater extract possesses potential antiproliferative properties against A549, suggesting an alternative approach for cancer treatment.
A 56‐Day Oral Toxicity Study of the Aqueous Extract of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez in Rats
Authors: Amenya Hesbon Z. , Mbaria James M. , Thaiyah Andrew G. , Thoithi Grace N. , Gathumbi Peter K.
Published: December 2016

Rapanea melanophloeos is a tropical tree that is extensively utilized in African traditional medicine to treat helminthiases, tuberculosis, and heart‐water. As with many other medicinal plants, there is insufficient information regarding the safety of therapeutic R. melanophloeos extracts. An aqueous extract of R. melanophloeos stem bark was administered to Sprague Dawley rats at doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg for 56 days to characterize its potential toxicity after prolonged dosing. Blood samples were obtained fortnightly for serum chemistry and hematology, while organs were collected at the end of the study. The extract caused an increase in organ weight indices of the kidneys and testis at 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Hematological and biochemical examination revealed a drop in leukocyte counts and the hematocrit at 1000 mg/kg dose level, while there was a general but nondose‐related elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity. There were time‐associated variations in the hematological and clinical chemistry parameters at days 28, 42, and 56 in all dose levels, but most values remained within physiological limits. No pathological lesions were evident at histopathology after treatment with the extract. Our data shows that the aqueous extract of R. melanophloeos is not likely to be toxic at the doses tested and provides support to its medicinal use.
Prenatal Evidence of Persistent Notochord and Absent Sacrum Caused by a Mutation in the T (Brachyury) Gene
Authors: Fontanella F. , van Maarle M. C. , Robles de Medina P. , Oostra R. J. , van Rijn R. R. , Pajkrt E. , Bilardo C. M.
Published: December 2016

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities of caudal spinal segments. To date, the etiology of CRS is unclear; sporadic cases are strongly associated with maternal diabetes, while familiar recurrence is infrequent. We describe in detail the prenatal clinical and sonographic findings of a recently described hereditary caudal regression syndrome, in four fetuses reported to be homozygous for a mutation in the T (brachyury) gene. The syndrome occurred in three consanguineous, but unrelated families, originating from the same geographical area. All affected fetuses had persistence of the notochord in association with abnormal vertebral ossification, sacral agenesis, and bilateral clubfoot. These findings suggest that, in case of prenatal diagnosis of sacral agenesis, an advanced ultrasound examination should assess the vertebral ossification and the rare persistence of the notochord, in order to rule the involvement of the T gene.
Leprosy with Atypical Skin Lesions Masquerading as Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Pruthi Punit , Munganda Hariharan , Bangia Amit , Rani Uma , Budhiraja Rajesh , Brajpuriya Swapnil
Published: December 2016

Leprosy can present with a variety of clinical manifestations depending on the immune status of the individual. After dermatological and neurological involvement, rheumatic features specially various forms of arthritis are the third most common manifestation of the disease. We describe a unique case of a 22-year-old patient presenting with external ear involvement mimicking relapsing polychondritis along with inflammatory joint symptoms and skin lesions. Ear involvement in relapsing polychondritis characteristically is painful and spares the noncartilaginous ear lobules, in contrast to painless ear involvement in leprosy affecting the lobules as well. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, although the ear and skin lesions were not classical of leprosy. Such a presentation of leprosy closely mimicking relapsing polychondritis has not been described previously. Tissue diagnosis should always be attempted whenever possible in patients presenting with autoimmune features, so that inappropriate therapy with immunosuppressants is avoided.
Whole Blood Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Gene Expression Differences between Dapulian and Landrace Piglets
Authors: Hu Jiaqing , Yang Dandan , Chen Wei , Li Chuanhao , Wang Yandong , Zeng Yongqing , Wang Hui
Published: December 2016

There is little genomic information regarding gene expression differences at the whole blood transcriptome level of different pig breeds at the neonatal stage. To solve this, we characterized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the whole blood of Dapulian (DPL) and Landrace piglets using RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) technology. In this study, 83 DEGs were identified between the two breeds. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified immune response and metabolism as the most commonly enriched terms and pathways in the DEGs. Genes related to immunity and lipid metabolism were more highly expressed in the DPL piglets, while genes related to body growth were more highly expressed in the Landrace piglets. Additionally, the DPL piglets had twofold more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing (AS) than the Landrace piglets. These results expand our knowledge of the genes transcribed in the piglet whole blood of two breeds and provide a basis for future research of the molecular mechanisms underlying the piglet differences.
Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Latex Foam according to Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Fan Hongwei , Chen Yongliang , Huang Dongmei , Wang Guoqin
Published: December 2016

The thermal decomposition of latex foam was investigated under nonisothermal conditions. Pieces of commercial mattress samples were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) over a heating range from 5°C min−1 to 20°C min−1. The morphology of the latex foam before and after combustion was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the primary chemical composition was investigated via infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The kinetic mechanism and relevant parameters were calculated. Results indicate that the decomposition of latex foam in the three major degradation phases is controlled by third-order reaction (F3) and by Zhuravlev’s diffusion equation (D5). The mean E values of each phase as calculated according to a single heating rate nonisothermal method are equal to 41.91 ± 0.06 kJ mol−1, 86.32 ± 1.04 kJ mol−1, and 19.53 ± 0.11 kJ mol−1, respectively. Correspondingly, the preexponential factors of each phase are equal to 300.39 s−1, 2355.65 s−1, and 27.90 s−1, respectively. The mean activation energy E and preexponential factor A of latex foam estimated according to multiple heating rates and a nonisothermal method are 92.82 kJ mol−1 and 1.12 × 10−3 s−1, respectively.