bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Metode Diskusi Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV di SD Gmit Puntaru
Authors: Dony Petrus Mau Tellu , Saetban Antonius A , Wabang Yermia Semuel , Marudin Marudin , Nasir Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Rumusan permasalahan penelitian ini ialah Apakah Pengaruh Metode Diskusi Kelompok Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV di SD GMIT Puntaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui pengaruh penerapan metode diskusi terhadap kemampuan berbicara peserta didik serta peningkatan kemampuan tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian eksperimen Nonequivalent Control Group Design, dalam pelaksanaannya menggunakan dua kelas dimana salah satu kelas diberi perlakuan metode diskusi sedangkan kelas lainnya tidak. Pelaksaan penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas IVA dan IVB dengan sistem pemilihan peserta didik. Keberhasilan pembelajaran pada penelitian ini ditinjau dari adanya perbedaan nilai antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol, peningkatan kemampuan, aktivitas peserta didik, serta respon positif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah data skor melalui tes lisan peserta didik Angket observasi guna mengetahui aktivitas peserta didik, serta angket respon guna mengetahui pendapat peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelas eksperimen memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Hal ini terlihat dari thitung ≥ ttabel yakni 5,493 ≥ 2,086 yang berarti antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol memiliki perbedaan hasil yang sangat signifikan. Selain itu, uji NGain Score dengan hasil kelas eksperimen memiliki presentase rata-rata 65,31 “Cukup Efektif” sedangkan pada kelas kontrol hanya 46,72 “Kurang Efektif”. Aktivitas peserta didik selama pembelajaran menggunakan metode diskusi menunjukkan presentase keaktifan sebesar 91% “Sangat Aktif”. Selain itu respon peserta didik menunjukkan sebesar 87% peserta didik merasa “Sangat Mampu” apabila pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode diskusi.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Book Berbasis STL (Scienc Technology Literacy) dalam Menguatkan Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas 5 di SDN Winong 01 Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Natalia Inka Ardiani Giri , Prasasti Pinkan Amita Tri , Kusumawati Naniek
Published: October 2023

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini penelitian pengembangan atau R&D (Research and Development). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Winong 01 siswa kelas 5. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juni. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari produk E-book berbasis STL (Science Technology Literacy) dalam menguatkan pemahaman literasi sains. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 6 tahap saja yaitu: a) potensi dan masalah, b) pengumpulan data, c) desain produk, d) validasi desain, e) revisi desain, f) uji coba produk. Produk tersebut mendapatkan hasil angket validasi ahli serta angket respon guru dan siswa. Nilai ahli materi 82% dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid”, nilai validasi dari ahli bahasa 84% dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid”, nilai validasi ahli media 82%, serta respon guru 92% dan siswa 85,5%. Produk E-book yang telah dikembangkan dapat dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dengan hasil validasi “Sangat Valid”. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan E-book berbasis STL (Science Technology Literacy) berada dalam kategori baik dan dapat digunakan pada proses pembelajaran.
Ular Tangga Berbasis Digital Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Rajab Taqiyyah Arifah , Prasasti Pinkan Amita Tri , Listiani Ivayuni
Published: October 2023

Penggunaan media pembelajaran di dalam sebuah aktivitas pembelajaran dirasa penting, media sendiri merupakan alat yang menjembatani guru dan siswa di dalam pembelajaran. Dominasi metode ceramah dengan bantuan media buku terkadang membuat peserta didik bosan karenanya diperlukan media yang interaktif dan menyenangkan salah satunya adalah media ular tangga berbasis digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian RnD dengan model ADDIE. Model ADDIE dimula dengan tahap analisis terdapat kesenjangan yakni dominannya metode ceramah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana media ular tangga dirancang dan diterapkan serta mengetahui kelayakan dari media tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan antara lain yaitu observasi, kuesioner, juga dokumentasi. Hasil validasi gabungan dari spesialis media, materi, dan bahasa memperoleh keseluruhan skor sebesar 83,4% dengan kriteria “Sangat valid, layak pakai”. Sedangkan hasil implementasi terhadap peserta didik memperoleh skor 94,2% dengan kriteria “Sangat layak/Sangat baik” dan untuk hasil respon guru mendapat skor 94,2% dengan kriteria “Sangat layak/Sangat baik”. Sehingga peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar dapat menggunakan media pembelajaran Ular Tangga berbasis digital pada pembelajaran tematik materi tema 3 sub tema 1 pembelajaran ke-3.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Melalui Metode Wafa (Studi Kasus SDIT Nurul Fikri Banjarmasin)
Authors: Asriannor Asriannor , Nur Aini Syarifah
Published: October 2023

Terlahirnya metode Wafa dikarenakan ingin mewujudkan pembelajaran Al-Qur’an yang komprehensif dan menyenangkan. Model pembelajaran menggunakan sistem Quantum Teaching melalui TANDUR yang merupakan akronim dari Tumbuhkan, Alami, Namai, Demonstrasikan, Ulangi dan Rayakan. Sehingga mempelajari Al-Qur’an menjadi mudah dan menyenangkan termasuk menghafalkannya. Fokus penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana cara guru menerapkan metode Wafa untuk meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an di SDIT Nurul Fikri Banjarmasin dan faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan menghambatnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan cara guru menerapkan metode Wafa untuk meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an di SDIT Nurul Fikri Banjarmasin dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan menghambatnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah peneliti lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Adapun subjek penelitian ini adalah 10 orang guru Al-Qur’an dan 10 orang siswa SDIT Nurul Fikri Banjarmasin. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data di lapangan yakni observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan tes lisan. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Wafa dapat meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an di SDIT Nurul Fikri Banjarmasin. Adapun faktor yang mendukung antara lain, media pembelajaran yang menunjang, dukungan penuh dari sekolah dan evaluasi bukan hanya dari peserta didik tetapi juga dilakukan oleh kelompok guru Al-Qur’an. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya antara lain, peserta didik yang belum bisa membaca Al-Qur’an dan memiliki kesulitan dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an, kemampuan guru Al-Qur’an dan wali kelas dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an yang belum konsisten dan tidak selarasnya tujuan di sekolah dan di rumah.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPAS Melalui Model Pembelajaran TGT Berbasis Media FTB
Authors: Marlita Ichda Nurul , Masfuah Siti , Riswari Lovika Ardana
Published: October 2023

Peneltian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar IPAS melalui model pembelajaran TGT berbasis media FTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Kemmis & Mc Taggart. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di SD Muhammadiyah Birrul Walidain dengan subjek penelitian 30 siswa. Peneilitian ini dilakukan melalui 2 siklus dengan setiap siklusnya terdiri 2 pertemuan. Dalam setiap pertemuan melalui 4 tahap yakni: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui tes, wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada muatan IPAS mengalami peningkatan setiap siklusnya, hal ini terbukti dari siklus I hasil belajar pada elemen pemahaman IPAS siswa memperoleh keberhasilan sebesar 66,67% dan siklus II meningkat mencapai 86,67% sedangkan pada elemen keterampilan proses siswa siklus I memperoleh 65,60%, naik pada siklus II mencapai 76,66%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran TGT berbasis media FTB dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAS siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Birrul Walidain.
Media Pembelajaran Digital Generasi Alpha Era Society 5.0 Pada Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Hafizah Nurul
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini krusial karena memaparkan bagaimana menghadapi era digital yang muncul agar proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas dapat maksimal dan meimbangi perkembangan zaman juga dapat memenuhi setiap kebutuhan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarahkan guru untuk memberi referensi pengetahuan tentang apa saja media pembelajaran digital yang cocok dengan generasi alpha era society 5.0 pada kurikulum merdeka, agar dapat memuaskan memotivasi belajar peserta didik generasi alpha dan memastikan kebutuhan peserta didik telah terpenuhi. Penelitian ini ditulis berdasarkan jenis penelitian kepustakaan, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi, dan analisis yang diterapkan memakai teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Media pembelajaran digital generasi alpha yang cocok diterapkan pada zaman sekarang yaitu animasi atau digital video, podcast atau media audio, augmented reality, virtual reality, game edukasi, e-module interaktif, dan powerpoint juga focusky. Pada pemilihan media pembelajaran digital pada kurikulum merdeka ini dipilih tergantung pada gaya belajar peserta didik dikelas dengan tujuan memfasilitasi kebutuhan mereka, dengan terciptanya pembelajaran yang berpihak pada peserta didik, diharapkan akan mewujudkan pembelajaran yang bermakna dan merdeka. 
Penerapan Model TGT dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD
Authors: Pratiwi Mega Pandu , Masfuah Siti , Ermawati Diana
Published: October 2023

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar IPAS peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Wonorejo 1 tahun ajaran 2023/2024 dengan penerapan model pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament). Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi hasil observasi terhadap peserta didik kelas IV yaitu rendahnya minat belajar peserta didik karena penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang inovatif pada saat proses pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV yang berjumlah 21 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan setelah penerapan model pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournamnet). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya peningkatan penerapan model TGT (Teams Games Tournament). Rata-rata minat belajar peserta didik pada pra siklus adalah 23,9%, kemudian mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I menjadi 81,5% dan kembali meningkat pada siklus II yaitu 85,3%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) dapat meningkatkan minat belajar IPAS peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Wonorejo 1.
National Treatment for Combating Human Trafficking: A Comprehensive Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Runa Sharmin Jahan
Published: October 2023

A large number of people particularly the women and the children are being trafficked and smuggled to many countries including India and Malaysia by some organized gangs of human traffickers every year. Human Trafficking causes huge suffering to victims of trafficking ignoring and violating human right values and provoking the victims giving false statements. A trend of human trafficking is increasing day by day in various forms like the sexual exploitation, forced labor, begging, delinquency and adoption, on the other hand, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, ignorance, drug addiction, cross border trade, dowry, child marriage and social curses have so far been identified as the main reasons behind human trafficking. Terming the human trafficking is the heinous crime. It should be emphasized on creating much awareness to vulnerable people specially those are interested to go to abroad as workers, access to need base information and pre-departure orientation along with bringing the recruitment agencies under proper sensitization program, more legal aid farms should come ahead to support the victims legally for compensation from convicted people in this sector. It should be principal agendum to the SAARC country to form Joint Naval and Coast Guards for stopping human trafficking by sea. This article focuses on some cases and recommendations to upgrade the situation.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: S Khatun, , M Biswas, , S Akter, , B Begum, , S Jasmin,
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Preeclampsia is an advanced objection characterized by the new start of hypertension and proteinuria or the new start of hypertension and important end-organ dysfunction with or without proteinuria in the last half of the prenatal period or post-delivery. Long-term, patients with preeclampsia are at enhanced risk for developing cardiovascular and renal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women suffering from preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. A total number of one hundred twelve pregnant women (N=112), were enrolled in the study and fifty-six (n=56) were included as preeclampsia (Cases) and another fifty-six (n=56) were enrolled as normotensives (Controls). Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Result: Respondents' mean age was 27.35 ± 4.85 (case) & 26.46 ± 4.86(control) years. Maximum study subjects had only primary education. The majority of the respondents were homemakers in all groups. Respondents' mean gestational age was 36.28 ± 2.12 (case) & 36.57 ± 1.82 (control) weeks respectively and was significant in both case and control groups (p=.001). There was no statistical difference according to gravida found between the cases and controls. Based on maternal outcomes, delivery by cesarean section was greater in cases than in controls (p<0.001), &eclampsia (p<0.001) and PPH (p=0.002) were significantly lower in controls than cases. Based on the neonatal outcome, birth weight was significantly lower in cases than in controls (p=0.020), and stillbirth was significantly lower in controls than cases (p=0.042). Conclusion: Preeclampsia may be linked to complications with the placenta initially in the pregnancy. A very little amount of maternal complications and fetal complications rose in this current analysis and the result of the findings was satisfactory.
A Critical Analysis of Financial Management: An Interconnected Framework for Maximizing Corporate Finances
Authors: Shaheen Reshma
Published: October 2023

The success of any organization is contingent upon the implementation of effective financial management practices. This article provides a detailed analysis of financial management, highlighting its nature as a network of interconnected activities that necessitate coordinated efforts from investors, creditors, and managers. This study analyses the role of financial management in organizations and its contribution to achieving economic optimization. Based on a comprehensive examination of scholarly literature, the present research study delineates the fundamental components that underpin effective financial management, including planning, budgeting, forecasting, and monitoring. This statement underscores the significance of fostering transparent communication and synchronized efforts among all stakeholders engaged in financial decision- making processes. Through diligent monitoring of financial performance, financial management may ensure that a company optimizes the utilization of its available resources. The article paper emphasizes the importance of effective leadership in the realm of financial management. Skilled managers are adept at navigating an organization. Many economic relationships are essential for achieving effective financial management. The article offers significant insights into the optimization of financial management procedures within firms by studying critical components of this field.
The Effect of Chemical Treatments on the Tissues around the Tooth
Authors: Alanazi Laila Mohammad , Bamasaq Salem Rabea , Aldewaish Saud Sofian , Aljohani Abdulrahman Salem M. , Albiyat Fatima Mohammed , Alturif DALAL JUMAH , Habibullah Lujain Mohammad , Gupta Kanishk
Published: October 2023

This synthesis of research was carried out in order to assess the impact of chemical treatments on gum tissues. Chemical compounds are used in a variety of dental applications, including caries prevention, pulp treatment, and periodontal care. Understanding how these medications affect the surrounding tissues is critical for successful treatment results. We thoroughly reviewed the existing literature and relied on any relevant research published between 2000 and 2021. The results imply that, depending on the kind of therapy and the substance used, chemical therapies may have both helpful and negative effects on the tissues around a tooth. More study is needed to determine the most effective techniques for protecting the long-term health of the surrounding tissues.
Examining Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus Species: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alam Md Suzaul , Jakaria Md , Rahman Rashedur
Published: October 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus species is a growing global concern. These bacteria, commonly found in the human gut, have resisted multiple antibiotics, making infections harder to treat. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare as it limits treatment options and highlights the urgent need for responsible antibiotic use and the development of new therapies. Aim of the study: The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterococcus Species at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional research occurred at Sample collected from deferent laboratories situated in rangpur and test/research perform, Department of Microbiology in prime institute of science and medical technology (PRISMET), Rangpur During March’ 2022 to March’ 2023. It spanned one year from [start date] to [end date]. The primary goal was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterococci. Throughout the study, 1,450 samples were collected from various sources, including urine, blood, pus, swabs, and fluids. However, only 62 Enterococci isolates were successfully obtained. Standard microbiological protocols, such as microscopy and culture, were rigorously followed during sample processing. All clinical samples received at the Microbiology laboratory during the study were considered for inclusion. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and presented with tables and graphs, while SPSS was employed for statistical analysis. Result: The study population primarily consisted of patients aged 36-75 (77.42%), averaging 52.01 years. Gender distribution was skewed towards males (59.68%). Enterococcus spp. They have dominated the microbial species (64.52%), with E. faecalis (14.52%) and E. faecium (11.29%) being prevalent. Urine samples were the most common (66.13%), followed by pus (11.29%) and swab (9.68%). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed varying results, with amoxicillin being sensitive in 87.10% of cases, while Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime exhibited over 96% resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus species at a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital. Once harmless, these bacteria now pose a severe risk to public health. Our research shows that E. faecalis and E. faecium have become resistant to many common antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins, urging immediate antibiotic stewardship and infection control. To combat this global health threat, we must explore novel treatments and employ a multidisciplinary approach to protect patients and healthcare systems from Enterococcus infections.
The Effectiveness of Tax Mechanisms in Encouraging and Attracting Investment
Authors: Agel ASEEL Kamel
Published: October 2023

The development of societies, the change of living patterns, and the interference of investment in various sectors, made most of the legislations directing to setting guarantees, which is one of the reasons that prompt investors to decide where their destination in the world will be precisely, by granting the investor guarantees against any risks that he is exposed to in his investment project. There has been an increased interest in studying tax policies and their effects that may result from their application as a method to direct the economy, as the role of the state has evolved from an intervening state with specific tasks to a state that guards economic activity with the aim of creating balance and achieving stability. The state’s role was to translate the opinions of some economists who advocated The necessity of expanding its functions, stressing that it is the only way to prevent the destruction of economic institutions.
A STUDY ON SELF ESTEEM OF B.Ed. COLLEGE STUDENTS IN VELLORE DISTRICT
Authors: Dr.M.Rajakumar
Published: October 2023

This study examined the study on self confidence of B.Ed. college students in Vellore district. The tools used for the present study are Self Esteem Inventory by M.S.Prasad and G.P. Thakur. The study comprises of 150 B.Ed. students (50 male and 100 female students) from Government and self finance colleges of Education in Vellore district. Simple random method of sampling was adopted to collect the data. There is no significant difference between male and female B.Ed. college students with respect to their self confidence.
KEY WORDS: Self Esteem, B.Ed. College Students
ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS OF A REGRESSION MODEL USING COVARIATIONS OF VARIABLES AND INTERPRETING REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Orlova Irina V.
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a method for estimating linear regression coefficients other than least squares and a nonstandard approach to interpreting regression coefficients associated with this method. Estimates of the regression coefficients are selected in such a way that the partial derivatives with respect to the regressors of the average value of the endogenous variable Y calculated using the model are equal to the estimates of the partial derivatives of the average value of Y with respect to the regressors calculated without the model and, accordingly, independent of the model parameters. The values obtained during the implementation of the method make it possible to quantitatively assess the correctness of generally accepted assumptions when interpreting regression coefficients.
7х6 MATRIX MODEL FOR EVALUATING RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ENTERPRISES AND INDUSTRIES
Authors:   PhD in Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, NorthWestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, SaintPetersburg, Russia, Abdulaeva Zinaida I.
Published: October 2023

Problem context. The existing 4x6 matrix model for evaluating the effectiveness, sustainability, risks, and opportunities of economic systems requires modification in the following directions: a) more detailed consideration of stakeholder interests; b) differentiation of model factors into "cardinal" and "basement" factors, with a simultaneous limitation of the maximum number of factors on individual strategic maps and within the model as a whole. Research objective. A modified 7x6 matrix model is proposed, and its functioning is illustrated by a calculation example. Research methodology. In the 7x6 matrix model, the organization model as a cybernetic system is replaced by a supersystem model consisting of key subsystems: a) impact subsystem, b) economic subsystem, c) decision subsystems. From the model's perspective, the supersystem remains a cybernetic system with feedback loops, seeking homeostasis (stable equilibrium). Risks and opportunities in the model act as triggers that initiate or postpone the adoption of antirisk and proopportunity decisions, respectively. Results. A calculation case is constructed in which market contraction, forecasted in a triangularfuzzy form, serves as an adverse effect (AE). An antirisk decision is synthesized, and its low effectiveness is demonstrated, along with proposed adjustments. Conclusion. The modified 7x6 matrix allows researchers to model the organization's relationships with its key stakeholders, implementing a valuesbased management paradigm instead of the traditional goalbased approach.
Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Capacity: The Efficiency of Technology Transfer in Transition Economies
Authors: Ünlü Fatma
Published: October 2023

The main argument that technology transfer provided through foreign direct investments improves technological capacity in host country economies is frequently discussed in the literature. In this context, the purpose of the study is to contribute to the investigation of the efficiency of technology transfer in transition economies in terms of the relationship between foreign direct investments and technological capacity. The econometric process belonging to panel data analysis was followed by using the data of the countries for the period 2007-2020. First of all, the stationarity of the series was tested with panel unit root tests, and then the existence of a long-term relationship was determined with panel cointegration tests. The findings confirm the cointegration relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports. DOLS and FMOLS estimators were used to obtain long-term coefficients. The results of the analysis indicated that foreign direct investment inflows have a positive and significant effect on high-technology product exports. Finally, according to the panel Granger causality test, there exists a bidirectional causality relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports.
Belt-Road Project: Pakistan Example
Authors: Hışırlı Serhat , Fırat Emine , Tamer Gülay
Published: October 2023

In our study, we will try to bring an overview of the relationship between Western and Eastern societies in terms of power struggle through China's road and belt project and Pakistan's situation in this project in today's world, which is rapidly moving towards bipolarity. In our study, Pakistan and Debt Diplomacy will be examined within the scope of the Belt-Road project. It will be tried to evaluate how the process works in Pakistan and to analyze the results of this process and the possibility of encountering similar results for other countries. As a result of debt diplomacy, the concessions and gains of Pakistan will be interpreted within the scope of cost-benefit analysis, and it will be tried to reach conclusions for other countries.
The 1994, 1997-98, 2001 and 2008 Crises and their Impacts on the Turkish Economy
Authors: Hiç Özlen , Gencer Ayşen Hiç
Published: October 2023

This article examines the impacts of four major economic and financial crises that significantly affected Turkey’s economic stability and growth: the 1994 crisis, the 1997-98 Asian crisis, the 2001 Turkish crisis, and the 2008 global crisis. The 1994 crisis was triggered by a sudden currency depreciation and resulted in a severe economic contraction. It revealed the vulnerabilities of the Turkish financial system and highlighted the need for structural reforms to improve fiscal discipline and monetary policy. The 1997-98 Asian financial crisis had a ripple effect on Turkey, leading to a sharp decline in exports, capital outflows, and a banking crisis. The Turkish Lira came under intense pressure, and the government had to implement stabilization measures with support from international institutions. The 2001 Turkish economic crisis stemmed from high public debt, banking sector weaknesses, and a loss of investor confidence, which led to a significant depreciation of the Turkish Lira, a banking sector restructuring, and the implementation of economic reforms. The 2008 global financial crisis, originated in the United States. The collapse of Lehman Brothers triggered a sharp decline in global demand, leading to a decline in Turkey's exports. The government implemented stimulus measures to mitigate the impacts of the crisis and prevent a severe recession. Overall, these crises exposed vulnerabilities in Turkey's economy and highlighted the importance of implementing structural reforms, improving financial regulations, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. The Turkish economy has demonstrated resilience in recovering from these crises, but ongoing challenges remain in sustaining long-term economic growth and stability.
The Structural Transformation of Turkish Economy: Exploring Key Sectors using Traditional and Hypothetical Extraction Linkages
Authors: Gül Zafer Barış
Published: October 2023

Türkiye has experienced a vast number of financial instabilities and exposed to several real sector shocks since 1970’s. Seven input-output tables have been released since 1970’s. These tables can be used to analyze each of Turkish economy’s decades from 1970’s to 2000’s. In this regard, Turkish economy can be divided into four decades. The first decade from 1970 to 1980 is characterized by the import-substitution growth strategy, represented by input-output tables of 1973 and 1979. The second decade known as the export-oriented growth period which is represented by the 1985 input-output table. The third one is 1990’s. This period is called the financial liberalization and represented by 1990 and 1998 input-output tables. The last period is 2000’s, considered as the growth model on external financing. These four periods, as mentioned above, describe Turkish economy with different features. Seven input-output tables are employed to analyze the structure of the corresponding periods of Turkish economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the key sectors with seven input-output tables within the frame of four decades of Turkish economy using traditional and hypothetical linkage measures. The point to be investigated is to consider the structural transformation of the Turkish economy in the 42-year period from 1970 to 2012, it is desired to observe the transformations of key sectors throughout the 42 years via the input-output analysis with seven input-output tables.
The Reflections of The Changing Government Approach to Public Finance: Case of Turkey
Authors: Yıldırım Gezer Tuba
Published: October 2023

From past to present, the state mechanism has expanded its field of activity to ensure social order as a result of the increase and complexity of the needs of individuals, and for this purpose, it has obtained the right to intervene in the lives of individuals. The state, which expanded its sphere of influence, especially until the middle of the 20th century, was sometimes the solution to the problems, and sometimes the problem itself.
With the emergence of the concept of globalization, the understanding of the state has also changed. Rather than being intervening, the regulatory and guiding role of the states was emphasized, and a free-market economy approach was adopted. The change in the understanding of the state also reflected the economic and fiscal policies of the states. In this context, ensuring fiscal discipline, fiscal transparency, public expenditure, budget and borrowing policies have been rearranged to ensure financial stability. In Turkey, because of the importance of public fiscal discipline understanding, some constitutional arrangements have been made. In this context, the adaptation of the state to the new economic system has been facilitated. In this study, the effects of the understanding of the state on tax, public expenditures, budget and borrowing, which are public finance instruments, are interpreted with the help of tables and evaluated in the light of data from the perspective of Turkey.
The Assessment of the Effect of Tree Cover and Consumption on the Happiness Index
Authors: Bağlıtaş H. Hilal
Published: October 2023

Happiness is mainly related to the subjective evaluation of life consisting of different variables and is also affected by various factors. One of these factors is that consumption meets basic physical needs, luxury purchases, and psychological satisfaction. On the other side, quality of life improves, and the level of happiness rises if human keeps their connection with nature. In this context, we aim to analyze the link between tree cover and consumption with the happiness index using 31 selected countries’ data. For this purpose, we used the method of pooling ordinary least squares. The results suit our argument that tree cover is more effective than consumption for a higher happiness level. By paying more attention to the tree cover and the environment, we can be happier and leave a more livable world to the next generations.
Arguments Against Interest from Economic and Legal Aspects in Islam and Christianity
Authors: József Varga , Falus Orsolya , Cseh Balazs
Published: October 2023

Mainstream economists, and most non-economists, as well, consider the existence of interest as a matter-of-course. Moreover, some economists say that it is an essential regulator of the economy, which creates a balance between savers and investors, regulates the borrowings, and it is an essential tool for the central bank's monetary control. In our study we examine the role of the interest in the Christian and Islamic moral and economy. Comparing arguments for and against interest it became clear that – even if it was not discussed in detail – the pro arguments can be easily challenged, while counterarguments are considered as moral argument by mainstream economics forgetting the fact that the science of economics has emerged from ethics. In a system of interest payment every player of the economy has to pay interest, while in the Islamic monetary system, not only profit and loss are shared between the lender and borrower, but they also have to give to the poor. Within the framework of the moral side, we are curious about the methods by the Islamic economy works without interest, if interest itself is so important that it substantiates the whole economic mechanism.
Analysis of the Relationship between Consumer Confidence Index and Inflation in Türkiye
Authors: Yalman İlkay Noyan , Koşaroğlu Şerife Merve
Published: October 2023

The course of macroeconomic indicators has an impact on consumers' decisions and expectations. Consumer confidence refers to the tendencies of consumers in the face of economic conditions and the situation regarding the decisions to be taken by other decision units. It is thought that the realized and expected inflation within the economic indicators is important in the consumers' perception of economic developments. Therefore, price stability represents one of the main factors determining consumer decisions regarding income, consumption expenditure and savings. Price stability in Turkey has varied over the years. The devastating effects of inflationary processes in the economic development process were high. From this point of view, investigating the relationship between consumer confidence and inflation in Turkey has been the main motivation of the study. The results of the analysis made with the 2012:01-2023:01 monthly data provided evidence for the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables.
Women Entrepreneurs Making a Difference in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Pektaş G. Aslı , Kurgun Hülya
Published: October 2023

Studies on entrepreneurship have long assumed that male and female entrepreneurs are similar. For this reason, the majority of these studies are criticized as gender blind. However, studies in recent years reveal that there are differences between male and female entrepreneurs on many issues such as access to resources, social and cultural pressures, motivation, access to education, roles and expectations that are formed and internalized by the society, especially due to the patriarchal structure. Therefore, it is important to consider women entrepreneurship separately. Women entrepreneurship, which is mostly handled from a neo-liberal perspective, causes social changes such as empowerment and awareness of women, awareness and elimination of gender inequality, as well as economic outcomes. With this approach, the study examines women entrepreneurs operating in the tourism sector, who received the "women entrepreneur award that makes a difference" given by various foundations and banks to support entrepreneurship in Turkey. The aim of the study is to evaluate the important roles played by women entrepreneurs, who are considered as idle labor force, in the development of the national and regional economy. In the study, the observable and measurable values and differences created by women entrepreneurs in the social and cultural structure through their role as "change agents", which have been ignored until now, are revealed. The study emphasizes the necessity of policies to further support women's entrepreneurship for social development.
Board Structure and CEO Characteristics as Determinants of Firm Performance: An Analysis on BIST 100 Firms
Authors: Tatlı Hasan Sadık , Yavuz Melih Sefa , Öngel Gökten , Bozkurt Gözde
Published: October 2023

Today, the Upper Echelon and Power theories are widely used to explain firm performance. These theories relate the size of top management and the power of managers (especially the CEO) to firm performance. However, no research has been found in the Turkish literature examining how senior management structure and CEO power affect firm performance. The aim of the study was determined as "detection of the effect of the structure of the board of directors and the characteristics of the CEO on the financial performance of the companies". In the research, a data set was created by considering the tenure of CEOs (7 years and above) in companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul 100 Index. The research data set includes 16 companies covering the period between 2016-2022, and the variables were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The dependent variables of the research are ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q, and the independent variables are CEO age, CEO duality, number of CEO titles, board size and board independence. Data were analyzed by the panel data analysis method. According to the research findings, CEO duality Tobin's Q, CEO age has a negative effect on ROA. Board size and CEO age have a positive effect on ROE. The number of titles held by the CEO and the board of directors' independence does not significantly affect firm performance. Research findings are important in showing the effect of board structure and CEO characteristics on firm performance.
Efficiency Analysis of Turkish Agricultural Enterprises in the Context of Sustainability
Authors: Aslan Anıl İlkem , Özdil Tuncer
Published: October 2023

Factors such as technological advances that emerged as a result of globalization, intensification, and acceleration of competition, increasing environmental awareness and natural resources becoming important have caused all businesses to use their resources more efficiently. In this context, the main purpose of our article is to analyze whether the enterprises operating in the agriculture and food sector operating in Borsa Istanbul in 2021 use their resources efficiently with Data Envelopment Analysis in the light of sustainability and financial data. 28 enterprises operating in the agriculture and food sector registered in Borsa Istanbul are included in the analysis, and 5 of the enterprises are also included in the Sustainability index. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that while 19 enterprises were effective, 9 enterprises were found to be ineffective and improvement suggestions were prepared for the ineffective enterprises.
Organizational and economic conditions of operation of oil industry enterprises
Authors: Lytovchenko Liudmila
Published: October 2023

The development of production and processing of oilseed products in Ukraine is a strategically important field of activity, as it creates competitive advantages in meeting demand on the foreign market and ensuring domestic needs. In the period of integration processes of the domestic agricultural market into global trade relations, an important issue is the search for ways to increase the economic efficiency of the production of oil crops. At the same time, the variability of environmental factors and the emergence of new principles and priorities for producing oilseed crops, which, during martial law, became highly relevant for Ukraine. The research aims to analyze the organizational and economic conditions of the functioning of oil industry enterprises in modern conditions. As a result of the conducted research, the high sensitivity of the market situation of oil crops was proven, which, in turn, depends on the ability of manufacturing enterprises to conduct their activities efficiently. At the same time, the following elements are considered: production location, product specifics, demand characteristics, and consumer behavior. It was determined that the balancing of supply and demand forces in this market could occur both situationally and under the regulatory influence of the state. Positive changes in the external environment can cause corresponding changes in the internal environment and enterprises' economic behavior. They will be able to reorient their activities in favor of domestic consumers. This will be facilitated by the restoration of regular, safe operation of enterprises, the growth of demand for food products in the domestic market, and changes in the industry structure of production and processing of oil crops. The level of prices for their products will cover the costs of their production even under the condition of exclusive supply to the domestic market. It is noted that those mentioned above organizational and economic conditions of the functioning of oil industry enterprises determine the decision-making regarding entry and exit from this market and form certain relationships in the market of oil crops for a specific time.
Keywords: organizational and economic conditions, enterprise functioning, efficiency, production of oil crops, economic behavior.
Distribution of the Sources of Pollution and the Cleanness of Rivers in Northern Bohemia
Authors: Havrda Vladimír
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the recent state of pollution of the principal rivers of the North Bohemian Region in relation to their hydrological conditions, the character of the river-basins and the number of sources of pollution. The pollution of rivers depends mostly on the degree of industrialization of their river-basins, and thus even on the density of polulation, and only to a lesser degree also on the area of the basin. The most unfavourable conditions are found in the basins of the Bílina and the Lužická Nisa (Neisse), the best ones occur in those of the Jizera, the Ploučnice, and partly the Ohře (Eger). The tables which are added, show the characteristics of the different basins, and bring basic hydrological data concerning North Bohemian rivers. The schematic map has been based upon the new evaluation of the quality of water in the rivers (Czechoslovak State Norm no. 830612).
On the Establishment of a New Journal on the Topic “Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
Authors: Keglevich György
Published: October 2023

I am pleased to announce the launch of the new journal, Universal Journal of Green Chemistry (UJGC), which from now on will be publishing original research papers and reviews on hot topics in this field. The UJGC enriches the increasing family of Universal Wiser Publisher.
Talak Disebabkan Temperamen (Studi Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Jember No. 5946/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Jr Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syari’ah)
Authors: Prasasti Anugrah , Irawan Deni
Published: October 2023

Talak adalah melepasakan ikatan perkawinan antara seuami istri dengan lafaz-lafaz tertentu. Ada beberapa sebab yang membuat seseorang melakukan talak, adapun penyebabnya pada kasus ini adalah marah atau suami yang temperamen sehingga tak jarang melakukan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Padahal tujuan pernikahan adalah mencapai kehidupan yang sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah dan sebisa mungkin menjahui perpecahan, salah satunya adalah bersabar dan tidak mudah temperamen yang membuat hilangnya kontrol pada sikap dan pikiran yang dapat menghantarkan pada tidak harmonisnya rumah tangga seperti pertikaian, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga atau bahkan perpisahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengalisa putusan Pengadilan Agama Jember tentang putusan yang dikeluarkan oleh majlis hakim tentang Talak Disebabkan Temperamen dan meninjau putusan tersebut dari perspektif Maqasid Al-Sayri’ah. Adapun hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa putusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pengadilan Agama Jember telah sesuai dan selaras dengan Maqasid Al-Sayri’ah.

Divorce is the dissolution of the marital bond between a husband and wife through specific pronouncements. There are several reasons why someone may seek a divorce, and in this case, the cause is anger or a hot-tempered husband who often engages in domestic violence. However, the purpose of marriage is to achieve a life of tranquility, love, and mercy, and to avoid division as much as possible. One way to achieve this is through patience and avoiding easy temper, which can lead to a loss of control over one's behavior and thoughts, resulting in disharmony within the household, such as conflicts, domestic violence, or even separation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the decisions of the Jember Religious Court regarding divorce caused by a hot temper and to review these decisions from the perspective of Maqasid Al-Syariah (the Objectives of Islamic Law). The results and conclusions of this research indicate that the decisions issued by the Jember Religious Court are in accordance with and aligned with Maqasid Al-Syariah.
Dynamic Linkages of Energy Commodities with Bullion and Metal Market: Evidence of Portfolio Hedging
Authors: Rajwani Shegorika , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Sharma Sakshi
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the dynamic linkages of volatility of energy commodities with bullion and the metal market. The proxies of energy commodities are crude oil and natural gas; bullion markets are Gold, silver and platinum and metal markets are copper and zinc. We collect daily data extending from March 18, 2010, to January 15, 2021, a period for about 12 years and employ Granger causality, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC), Diebold Yilmaz (2012), Baruník & Křehlík (2018), and Network analysis for the purpose of examining spillover effect in the data considered. It is observed that there are short-run dynamic spillovers from energy (crude oil) to metal (copper) while long-run linkage is witnessed among all the constituent series. Further, Baruník & Křehlík (2018) test reveals that the total connectedness of the seven data series under study are found to be higher in frequency 2 (6 days to 15 days) than in the short run and long run. Referring to the network analysis, negative correlations are found between each pair of indices considered, i.e., Gold, silver, platinum, zinc, copper with crude oil while positive correlation is witnessed between Gold and silver. In addition, we determine portfolio hedge ratios and portfolio weights for the investors and portfolio managers. It is found that the Crude /Zinc pair had the most expensive optimal hedge ratio, while Crude/Gold had the least expensive hedging.