bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding and exploitation of prolific breeds in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Jakubec V. , Křižek J.
Published: July 2018

In the years 1971—1979 many experiments were conducted in order to elucidate problems of meat production increase in sheep. Ewes of native breeds (Mutton Merino = M, Improved Wallachian = I) were mated to rams of prolific breeds (Finnsheep = F, Romanov = R), producing F1 crossbred females. The crossbred ewes were mated to rams of a third mutton breed (Texel, Dorset Down, M) to produce meat lambs. In experiments from 1980 to 1987on the basis of the I and the R and F crossbred combinations were produced to provide contemporary comparison of purebreds, F1, F2 and backcrosses, both to I and to F and R. The purebred and crossbred populations were analysed for the estimation of crossbreeding parameters necessary for the optimization of the formation of a synthetic dam breed. The reproduction characters which were analysed were fertility, prolificacy, mortality rate, litter size (born and weaned) and milk production. From the wool production characters the greasy wool production, clean wool production and mean fibre diameter were of interest. From the production characters the following were analysed: birth, weaning and slaughter weights, daily gain from birth to weaning or slaughter, carcass weight and other carcass value traits.
Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: in vivo traits
Authors: Bittante G. , Pastore E.
Published: July 2018

The objective of this trial was the comparison of the in vivo traits of Lamon (L), a local meat breed of the Eastern Italia Alps, and Finnsheep X Lamon (F x L) fattening lambs. Forty-one lambs (25 L and 16 F x L) of both sexes were weaned at 8 weeks of age and fattened for 14 weeks. The diet (11,6 MJ/kg d.m.M.E.) consisted of maize silage ad lib., 200 g/d of dried sugar beet pulp, 150 g/d of soybean meal and 30 g/d supplement. F x L lambs grew slightly more than L lambs (197 vs 176 g/d; P < .1) during the suckling period but not during the fattening period (207 vs 203 g/d; n.s.), reaching a slightly higher slaughter weight (36.9 vs 35.5 kg; n.s.). Crossbred lambs consumed, during fattening, slightly more d.m. (75.9 vs 73.1 g • d-1 • kg-1 • L.W.-75) and M.E. ( .88 vs .85 MJ • d-1 • kg-1• L.W.-75). D.M. conversion was not different (4.24 vs 4.16; P > .1) while M.E. requirements for growth, estimated assuming a maintenance requirement of.44 MJ • d-1 • kg-1 • L.W.-75, resulted higher (+7 %) for F x L than for L lambs (2.18 vs 2.04 MJ • kgDG • kg-1 • L.W.-75; P < .1). The ram-lambs showed superior growth potential and feed efficiency in respect to the ewe-lambs. In conclusion it appears that crossbreeding with Finnsheep is not detrimental to the in vivo performance of fattening Lamon lambs except for a slight increase of the energy requirements for growth.
Production of container-grown nursery plants on capillary sand beds
Authors: Kiljunen-Siirola R. , Pajunen A.
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the effect of growth medium on the growth of nursery plants in a capillary irrigation system, the use and amount of slow-release fertilizer for the fertilization of container-grown nursery plants, and the need fora base dressing with a slow release fertilizer. Also investigated were the effect of different concentrations of alkyl aryl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution (Gloquat C) in preventing rooting through, and the use of a watering control device based on measuring radiation energy in field conditions. The experiments on growth medium revealed that all the growth media included in the experiment, i.e. sphagnum peat, peat/rock wool mixture (1 : 1),or peat/sand mixture (3 : 1), can be used for container-grown nursery plants if a base dressing is used with Nutricote(70), a slow-release fertilizer. The effect of slow-release fertilizer was better in peat mixtures, and this effect was especially clear when no base dressing was used. The use of slow-release fertilizer proved to be a good fertilization method in a capillary irrigation system. The fertilizing effect of Nutricote (70) given in the spring lasted until early June of the following year. Nutricote(70) was found to need a base fertilizer dressing. Abase dressing of 1.2 kg/m3 of a compound fertilizer (Turpeen Y-lannos; N 11 % P 10.5 %, K 18.3 %) with 1.5 kg/m3 of slow release fertilizer proved to be a suitable fertilization method for ornamental woody nursery plants in a capillary irrigation system. The tallest plants were obtained with a base dressing that was mixed with 3 kg/m3 of the slow-release fertilizer. Plants thus fertilized were, however, considered to be too large for transport and handling. The problem of a secondary root ball under the pot in sand beds was prevented by spreading 15 ml/m2 of Gloquat C on the sand surface. The capillary irrigation system and the automatic irrigation control worked well in experiments carried out under practical conditions. The potted nursery plants were kept evenly moist, and the plants grew to market size in one growing season.
Technology to boost agricultural efficiency
Authors: Oksanen Erkki H.
Published: July 2018

Research on agricultural technology has been mainly applied, emphasizing the product development of agricultural machinery. Interdisciplinary projects or composite research, where problems have been solved through biology, engineering and economy, not forgetting ergonomics, energy conservation and environmental protection, have produced the most significant results.
Effects of different fertilization practices on the carotene content of carrot
Authors: Evers Aino-Maija
Published: July 2018

The effects of different fertilization practices on the carotene content of carrot cv. Nantes Duke Notabene 370 Sv were studied in field experiments in southern Finland. Unirrigated and irrigated placement and broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization, NPK fertirrigations with NPK basic fertilization, and PK placement with N fertirrigations were compared. Further, single application was compared to split applications. Carotene determinations were done at harvest in 1985 and 66, 88 and 121 (at harvest) days from sowing in 1986. The results were studied by contrast analysis. Weather conditions had a strong effect on the carotene content and in both years the carotene content increased with the length of the growing season. At harvest in 1985, PK placement with N fertirrigations had a tendency to yield a higher carotene content than did broadcast fertilization, irrigated single application, and NPK fertirrigations. The carotene content was higher when P and K were placement fertilized as compared to treatments where P and K were broadcast fertilized or fertirrigated (p = 0.1). At the first sampling date in 1986, fertilization increased the carotene content (p = 0.1). PK placement with N fertirrigations had a tendency to increase the carotene content as compared to placement fertilization, single application and irrigated single application. At the second sampling date and at harvest in 1986 no statistically significant differences could be found. The results indicate that the placement of PK-fertilizer or NPK-fertilizer was favourable to carotene production. Besides the fertilization experiment, samples from two organically cultivated fields were collected to obtain data concerning organically cultivated carrots.
The degradation of linuron in sandy soil
Authors: Heinonen-Tanski Helvi
Published: July 2018

The degradation of linuron occurs both in aerobic and anaerobic sandy soil with a slight lag when the conditions change from aerobic to anaerobic or from anaerobic to aerobic. Liming was found to stimulate the degradation rate of linuron so clearly that liming can be recommended for acceleration of linuron degradation as a normal agricultural treatment, particularly in sandy soils.
Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields
Authors: Heinonen-Tanski Helvi , Simojoki Paavo , Raininko Kyösti , Nuormala Nils , Silvo Riitta
Published: July 2018

Sugar beet is often cultivated for several years on the same fields, using many pesticides. We have therefore studied the effects of a pesticide programme on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields in Perniö and Laukaa. The pesticides in use were thiram, hymexazol, dimethoate, phenmedipham and metamitron and, in Laukaa only, alloxidim-Na. Pesticides were used either in the normal doses or at 150 % of the normal dose. The normal doses of pesticide application had a favourable effect on sugar beet yields in both experiments. The sugar yield was higher in plots with the normal pesticide doses than in the control plots. The overdoses increased neither the sugar beet yields nor the sugar yields as compared to the normal plots. The soil microorganisms were affected by pesticides in some but not in all cases. The most sensitive were the ureolytic microorganisms and the dehydrogenase activities.
Effect of cumulative fertilizer dressings on the phosphorus status of mineral soils II Comparison of two phosphorus testing methods
Authors: Hartikainen Helinä
Published: July 2018

Soil samples collected from field plots before onset of fertilization trials and after seven years of cultivation with annual P additions of 0, 30 or 60 kg ha-1, were analyzed for water-soluble P (Pw) and acid NH4-acetate-extractable P (PAAc). In all soil samples, the P test values correlated closely (r = 0.93***). However, they differed significantly in the clay soils where PAAc amounted to 59—96 % of Pw . In the coarser soils, the acetate solution extracted 70—365 % of the water-soluble P, but the difference between the methods remained insignificant. In both soil groups, the molar ratio of NH4F-P to oxalate-soluble Al explained 90 % or more of the variation in the P test values. The soil samples were divided into different P content classes according to the acetate test calibration scheme. In various P classes the test values tended to differ statistically significantly: in the lower classes acetate extracted P more and in the higher classes less than water did. Only in soils ranked as satisfactory in P the test values were about equal. When the rating scale limits given for the advisory soil testing were applied to the water extraction, in most soils the difference between the P testing methods was of one P class. The fertilization recommendations based on the acetate and water extraction tests were compared.
Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: II Extractability by oxalate and pyrophosphate
Authors: Niskanen Raina
Published: July 2018

The extractability of aluminium, iron and manganese by 0.05 M oxalate and pyrophosphate was studied in samples of 23 mineral soils. Dilute extractants were studied because conventional reagents may cause problems in analytical work. The mean values for Al, Fe and Mn extracted by conventional Tamm’s oxalate were 67, 81 and 1.5 mmol/kg soil, respectively. On the average, 0.05 M oxalate solutions at pH 2.9 and 4.2 extracted Al, Fe and Mn amounts that were 103, 113 and 87 % and 72, 82 and 83 % of the amounts extractable by Tamm’s oxalate, respectively. Eeach metal released by 0.05 M oxalates correlated closely with that dissolved by Tamm’s oxalate; the r values ranged from 0.967*** to 0.997***. The mean values for Al, Fe and Mn extracted by 0.1 M Na4P2O7 and 0.05 M K4P2O7 were 38, 28 and 0.6 and 33, 29 and 0.6 mmol/kg soil, respectively. The amount of each metal extracted by Na4P2O7 correlated closely with that released by K4P2O7; the r values ranged from 0.87*** to 0.97***.
Effects of different fertilization practices on the N03-N, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, ash and dietary fibre contents of carrot
Authors: Evers Aino-Maija
Published: July 2018

The effects of different fertilization practices on the NO3-N, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, ash and dietary fibre contents of carrots were studied in field experiments in southern Finland. Unirrigated and irrigated placement and broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization, NPK fertirrigations with NPK basic fertilization and PK placement with N fertirrigations were compared. Further, single application was compared with split applications. The results of 1986 were analysed by contrast analysis. Fertilization practices affected the NO3-N content in carrot, and irrigation increased the NO3-N content. Highest NO3-N contents were observed with NPK fertirrigations treatments. Fertilization increased the N content of roots, and nitrogen content was higher with PK placement with N fertirrigations as compared to NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization, or to NPK fertirrigations. Placement fertilization increased P content as compared to broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization, NPK fertirrigations or split application. Irrigation decreased P content. Fertilization increased the K contents of carrot roots as compared to unfertilized treatments, but there were no significant differences between fertilization practices. Fertilization had no effect on the Ca or Mg contents of carrot roots. Fertilization increased the ash content. Placement fertilization, single application and unirrigated single application yielded higher ash contents than did split application, NPK fertirrigations or PK placement with N fertirrigations. Fertilization and irrigation increased the dietary fibre content as compared to unfertilized and unirrigated treatments, respectively. Irrigated single application increased dietary fibre content as compared to split application and PK placement with N fertirrigations. Besides the fertilization experiment, samples from two organically cultivated fields were collected in order to obtain data concerning organically cultivated carrots.
Barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch process in diets of pigs
Authors: Näsi Matti
Published: July 2018

The nutritive value of feed fractions of barley obtained from integrated ethanol-starch production was evaluated in a feeding trial and five digestibility and balance trials with growing pigs. The products examined were barley protein, (375 g CP/kg), barley fibre (166 CP and 653 NDF), barley molasses (298 CP) and distillers solubles (333 CP); their respective digestibilities for OM were 0.895, 0.633, 0.864 and 0.834 and for CP 0.910, 0.577, 0.809 and 0.851. Barley protein fortified with pure lysine gave a nitrogen balance similar to that of the isonitrogenous soybean-barley diet. In the growth trial, one third and two thirds of soybean meal protein were replaced with barley protein and barley was replaced with 200 g/kg barley fibre or processed fibre. There was no significant difference in performance between the control and treatment groups, the mean growth rate being 795 g/d and the feed conversion rate 2.9 FU/kg gain. Carcass quality was inferior (P
By-products from integrated starch-ethanol production from barley in the diets of growing cattle
Authors: Huhtanen Pekka , Näsi Matti , Khalili Hannele
Published: July 2018

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritive value for growing cattle of by-products from a new process for integrated starch-ethanol production from barley. Experiment 1 was a 4 x 4 Latin Square, in which the effects of barley protein (375 g crude protein (CP)/kg dry matter (DM)) on digestibility and N retention were examined in four male cattle (initial live weight(LW) 147 kg). The control diet (C) consisted of hay and rolled barley (1 : 1). In isonitrogenous experimental diets, soybean meal (S), a mixture of soybean meal and barley protein (SB) or barley protein (B) was substituted for barley to increase the dietary CP content from 125 to 150 g/kg DM. Replacement of barley with protein supplements increased (P
The effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on potato
Authors: Kuisma Paavo
Published: July 2018

The effect of foliar application of commercial seaweed extract on potato growth was studied in long-day conditions (60° 10' N 25°00' E) characterized by a cool and short growing season. The results showed that neither the doses, 0, 5, 10, 20 l/ha nor the spraying 24, 45, 58 days after the emergence had any remarkable influence on potato growth and yield if the other preconditions of production are in order. Only small, although insignificant benefit could be obtained with application done three weeks after emergence, clearly before tuber initiation.
Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia VI: Insect populations in barley
Authors: Helenius Juha
Published: July 2018

In 1988, insects were sampled from tillers and by pitfall trapping in a long-term field experiment consisting of plots of organic and conventional barley. The organic crops suffered from lack of nitrogen and from draught stress, and growth and development were retarded. The stand characteristics were suggested to be the major determinants of the fourfold higher densities of Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) (Horn., Aphididae) and the 50 % lower densities of Frankliniella tenuicornis Uzel (Thys., Thripidae) in the conventional than in the organic barley. The 75 % lower catch rate of Bembidion spp. (Col., Carabidae) in the conventional barley was attributed to lower activity resulting from the more closed canopy and more dense crop. However, the effect of an aphicide applied to the conventional crop was confounded with the true habitat effects. The densities of Coccinella seplempunclata L. (Col., Coccinellidae) were almost three times higher in the conventional than in the organic barley, which in turn was attributed to the higher prey (aphid) densities.
Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils
Authors: Niskanen Raina
Published: July 2018

The sorption of phosphate was studied in 33 mineral soil samples at the temperatures of +5°C and +20°C. The soils were equilibrated for 2 days with a solution containing phosphate 0.1 mmol/l at an ionic strength of 0.01. At +5°C, the sorption remained unchanged or increased slightly as compared to the sorption at +20°C. The differences between sorbed amounts ranged from —0.03 to 0.29 mmol/kg soil and were statistically significant in 11 samples.
Plant size, nutrient composition and biomass productivity of oats and faba bean in intercropping, and the effect of controlling Rhopalosiphum padi (Hom., Aphididae) on these properties
Authors: Helenius Juha
Published: July 2018

Effects of mixed intercropping on plant size, content of mineral nutrients and biomass yields were examined in three field experiments in Southern Finland in 1983—1985. The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats (Avena sativa) and faba bean (Vicia faba), respectively. In one of the experiments control of R. padi, by means of deltamethrin sprayings, was an additional experimental factor having two levels. The height of stems or the above ground biomass of oats either were not affected or were increased by crop diversification. Bean plants remained smaller in the mixtures than in the monocrop. In plant size, there was a significant interaction between stand type and the effect of aphicide spraying: Oat benefitted most from being grown in the mixture containing most bean, and there was an indication (not statistically significant) that in these mixtures bean had proportionately higher weight loss. This result was interpreted as giving some support to the hypothesis of interspecific compensation between oats and bean against aphid damage to oats. In oats, the content of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg all decreased from the stage of inflorescence emergence to the stage of the onset of milk development. Mixed cropping increased the content in oats of all these nutrients except Ca. At the same time, contents of P and K in bean were decreased. The changes in growth form and composition in oats induced by intercropping are discussed from the point of view of host plant relationship and damage function of the aphid pest. In terms of relative yield total (RYT), there was no overyielding in the dry matter, and in one case only was there overyielding in the nitrogen. During the period of population growth of R. padi, the daily maximum temperatures within the canopy were higher in the mixtures than in the monocrop of oats.
Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Varis Anna-Liisa , Brax Raija
Published: July 2018

The effect of bees on the yield of field bean (Vicia faba L.) was studied in cage experiments in southern Finland during two successive years. Comparisons were made between field cages with and without honeybees and open-pollinated uncaged controls. Effect of shading was also considered. The yield in open plots, which were freely visited by pollinators, was considerably greater than in plots from which the insects were excluded. Freely visited plants and plants caged with bees produced about twice as many seeds as plants caged without bees, and the number of seeds per pod was also higher. The plants were tallest in cages without bees. In open plots, 44 % of the bee visitors were honeybees, 56 % being bumblebees. The higher number of seeds obtained with honeybee pollination indicates that honeybees are able to pollinate the field bean flowers in the conditions prevalent in Finland. – It is concluded that there is little value in introducing bee colonies in small field bean areas and places where bumblebees are fairly abundant. Honeybees may improve the yield in larger fields, where natural pollinators are often scarce.
Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis
Authors: Karjalainen Reijo
Published: July 2018

Effects of barley scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis on grain yield were studied in three spring barley cultivars under field conditions using artificial inoculation over three years. The disease strongly reduced the green-leaf area duration compared with fungicide-treated leaves. At low infection level, R. secalis reduced the grain yield of barley by 3—5 %. Moderate and severe infection reduced the grain yields of susceptible cultivars by 10—12 %. Single-tiller analysis of yield components indicated that grain weight and ear weight were most affected, but the number of grains was only insignificantly reduced by the disease. Implications of these results for controlling scald disease in Finland are discussed.
Yield reduction of oat cultivars in relation to disease development caused by barley yellow dwarf virus
Authors: Peltonen-Sainio P. , Karjalainen R.
Published: July 2018

The effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the development, grain yield and yield components of oat cultivar Veli and breeding lines Hankkija 78152 and 78033 were studied in two years. Cultivar differences to BYDV infection were best observed at a low infection level. Single tiller analysis indicated close correlation between symptom severity and reduction in main yield components. Early infection caused greatest yield losses in all cultivars. BYDV strongly reduced both plant height and harvest index. Mild infection reduced the grain yield by 2—8 %, but severe infection by 36—41 %. The number of grains and panicle weight were strongly reduced, but the 1000-grain weight was only slightly affected after severe BYDV-infection. Implications of these results for disease control are discussed.
Magnesium-supplying power of some Finnish mineral soils
Authors: Kaila Armi , Kettunen Helinä
Published: July 2018

Uptake of magnesium from a sand, fine sand, muddy clay, silty clay and heavy clay soil under exhaustive cropping with perennial rye grass was studied in green house. An application of 0.5 g Mg as MgSO4 ∙ 7 H2O per the 5-liter pots increased slightly the total yield of rye grass shoots and markedly the amount of Mg harvested in the shoots from the sand and fine sand soils with an initial content of only 14 and 37 ppm exchangeable Mg, respectively. No respond to the application of Mg was detected in the silty clay and heavy clay soils which contained exchangeable Mg 226 and 910 ppm, respectively. The muddy clay soil contained 137 ppm exchangeable Mg, and the application of Mg markedly increased the amount of Mg harvested in the shoots, but brought about a decrease in the yield of shoots. The amount of Mg harvested in the shoots without the application of Mg was only in the sand and fine sand soils higher than the original content of exchangeable Mg. Yet, in all soils except in the muddy clay, the decrease in the content of exchangeable Mg during the cropping was lower than the amount of Mg harvested. This was taken to indicate that some release of nonexchangeable Mg did occur during this trial. According to a rough estimation this mobilization of Mg varied from 0 to 60 ppm, whereas the corresponding release of nonexchangeable K was 500–1000 ppm, except in the sand soil. The »exhaustion Mg», or the sum of Mg harvested in the shoots of rye grass and the exchangeable Mg in the soil after cropping, was in all soils of the same order as the amount of Mg extracted by 0.05 N or 0.1 N HCI from the original soil samples.
Ein Beitrag zur Bewertung der Schlachtkörperzusammensetzung an lebenden Jungsauen mit Hilfe der Ultraschall-Messmethode
Authors: Uusisalmi U. , Klautschek G.
Published: July 2018

In der Schweinezucht ist die Verbesserung der Fleischleistung in starkem Masse von der Eigenleistungsprüfung abhängig. An 97 weiblichen Mastschweinen mit einem durchschnittlichen Gewicht von 90 kg wurden die Beziehungen zwischen Ultraschallmessungen am lebenden Tier und den Schlachtleistungsmerkmalen überprüft. Die hohen Korrelationen zwischen der Speckdicke am lebenden Tier und nach dem Schlachten ermöglichen eine gute Einschätzung der Fettauflage mit dem Echolot. Werden die Ultraschall-Messwerte in Indices verknüft, so wird die Aussagefähigkeit der einzelnen Daten für den Züchter verbessert. Die Messpunkte 2,3, 4,6, 8 + 8a, 12, 13 und 14 erscheinen besonders geeignet für die komplexe Bewertung des Schlachtkörpers. Die Korrelationen zwischen dem Index aus mehreren Ultraschallmesswerten und der Rückenspeckdicke ist 0,80, zwischen dem Index und dem Anteil Haut und Fett am Schlachtkörper ist 0,77, zwischen dem Index und dem Anteil Fleisch und Knochen am Schlachtkörper ist 0,71, zwischen Index und Haut und Fettauflage am Schinken 0,66 und zwischen Index und Fleisch-Knochen vom Schinken 0,45. Diese Werte zeigen, dass eine Selektion nach der Eigenleistung mit Ultraschall ermittelt bei Jungsauen erfolgverspechend in der Schweinezucht angewendet werden kann.
Yield, SDG lignan, cadmium, lead, oil and protein contents of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in trials and at different farm conditions in the south-western part of Finland
Authors: Saastamoinen Marketta , Pihlava Juha-Matti , Eurola Merja , Klemola Ari , Jauhiainen Lauri , Hietaniemi Veli
Published: July 2018

Linseed varieties were studied in variety trials and under farm conditions in south-western Finland in the years 2007−2010. The variation in yield, oil, protein, SDG lignan, cadmium and lead contents were studied in 8 oil and 2 fibre linseed varieties. Genotypic, environmental and genotype x environment interaction variance estimates were calculated. Fibre varieties ‘Belinka’ and ‘Martta’ had higher protein and lower oil contents than oil linseed varieties.The SDG lignan contents of linseed varieties varied between 3635−9560 mg kg-1. Rather high genotypic variance was found in yield, oil, protein and SDG lignan contents. Variety ‘Laser’ had lower SDG lignan content. ‘Abacus’, ‘Helmi’ and ‘Martta’ had the highest SDG lignan contents. Variation in cadmium and lead contents were caused by environmental effects. The highest cadmium contents, 0.82−1.69 mg kg-1, were found in soils fertilized by wastewater sludge about 20 years ago and at fields with low bottom soil pH (4.1−4.5).
A comparison of purebred Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × beef breed bulls for beef production and carcass traits
Authors: Huuskonen Arto Kalevi , Pesonen Maiju , Kämäräinen Hilkka , Kauppinen Risto
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study was to determine beef production traits of purebred Holstein-Friesian (Hol) and Hol×beef breed crossbred bulls. The data collected from slaughterhouses included observations of 87323 purebred Hol, 783 Hol×Aberdeen angus (Hol×Ab), 621 Hol×Blonde d’Aquitaine (Hol×Ba), 562 Hol×Charolais (Hol×Ch), 349 Hol×Hereford (Hol×Hf), 1691 Hol×Limousin (Hol×Li) and 570 Hol×Simmental (Hol×Si) bulls. For estimating valuable cuttings also a separate dataset was collected and included observations of 8806 purebred Hol, 57 Hol×Ab, 29 Hol×Ba, 22 Hol×Ch, 15 Hol×Hf, 111 Hol×Li and 58 Hol×Si bulls. Crossbreeding Hol cows with late maturing breeds (Ba, Ch, Li, Si) had favorable effects on carcass gain, conformation and proportion of high value joints of the progeny when compared to purebred Hol bulls. No advantages in proportion of valuable cuttings seemed to be obtained by crossbreeding with Ab or Hf breeds, while the improvements in gain and conformation were intermediate compared to the late maturing crossbreds.
Acknowledgement of referees
Authors: Rappe Erja
Published: July 2018

Acknowledgement of referees 2012
Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet
Authors: Huuskonen Arto Kalevi
Published: July 2018

This study was conducted to examine the performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation when compared to a grass silage-based diet. A feeding experiment comprised 36 bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The four dietary treatments were: 1) grass silage (600 g kg-1 dry matter) and rolled barley (400), 2) whole-crop barley silage (600) and rolled barley (400), 3) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (310) and rapeseed meal-based protein supplementation (90), and 4) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (330) and rapeseed meal + urea -based protein supplementation (70). Replacing grass silage with whole-crop barley decreased the carcass gain and carcass weight of the bulls due to lower energy intake. Protein supplementation either as rapeseed meal or rapeseed meal + urea of whole-crop barley silage based diets had no effects on animal performance.
Effect of time of day for harvest and postharvest treatments on the sugar metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Hasperue Joaquin , Lemoine María , Chaves Alicia , Martínez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2018

Loss of sugars contributes to accelerate postharvest senescence of broccoli. Several treatments have been developed to delay senescence, but in many cases their effects on sugar metabolism were not analyzed. We studied the effect of harvest at different times of day (08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h) and of several postharvest treatments as heat treatment (HT), modified atmosphere (MA) and 1-methylcylcopropene (1-MCP) on sugar levels and activities of enzymes related to sucrose and starch degradation. Harvesting at the end of day delayed the loss of chlorophylls and caused the lowest decrement in sugars, although no differences in invertase, sucrose synthase and β-amylase activities were detected among samples. Treatments of MA and 1-MCP caused a lower loss of glucose and fructose, while HT caused a lower decrement of sucrose. Treated samples maintained higher levels of chlorophylls. The treatments reduced the activity of invertase and sucrose synthase and induced higher levels of β-amylase activity. Harvesting at the end of day and performing simultaneously a MA treatment could be a good combination to maintain the green color of the inflorescence and sugar levels during postharvest of broccoli.
Meat and bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus supplier to cereals and oilseed rape
Authors: Nogalska Anna , Chen Lin , Sienkiewicz Stanisław , Nogalski Zenon
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) on cultivation of winter triticale, winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and maize. The average annual yields and protein yield achieved in crop rotation were studied. The field trials were carried out in north-eastern Poland in 2006–2010. The factor was dose of MBM: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t ha-1 year-1 or 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 t ha-1 every other year. The four-year experiment has proven that MBM is a valuable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in cultivation of cereals and oilseed rape. By amendment of the tested meal into the soil it produced crop yield and protein yield similar to that achieved by mineral fertilization. However, the crude fat yield of rape was significantly higher under the influence of all the MBM doses. The yield-stimulating effect of MBM did not depend on the frequency of its application; therefore it is more convenient to apply it once every two years. Increasing MBM from 1.5 to 2.5 t ha-1 did not significantly increase any of the four crop yields, therefore for soils that had satisfactory nutrients content, 1 or 1.5 t ha-1 MBM is enough and increasing MBM will only increase economic burden for farmers and environmental risks.
Turkish Adaptation of the Empowering Leadership Scale for Educational Organizations: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: KONAN Necdet , ÇELİK O.tayyar
Published: July 2018

This
study aims to adapt Empowering Leadership Scale developed by Konczak, Stelly
and Trusty, and to carry out reliability and validity analyses for educational
organizations in Turkey. Linguistic validity studies were carried out, and as
it was proved to have linguistic equivalence, the scale was administered to 220
teachers working in Malatya in 2015-2016 academic year. As a consequence of
unreliable results,   the sample size was
increased to 421 and statistical analyses were reiterated.  Forms of the scale from the one-factor
structure to the seven-factor structure were tested and it was found that the
three-factor structure had 

acceptable
fit values. At the end of the validity and reliability studies, a three-factor
Turkish form has been developed and it can be used as a valid and reliable
measurement tool to measure Empowering Leadership behaviors of school
principals.
Maddenin Yapısı ve Özelikleri Ünitesine Yönelik İki Aşamalı Teşhis Testinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: AVCI Filiz , ACAR ŞEŞEN Burçin , KIRBAŞLAR Fatma Gülay
Published: July 2018

Çalışmanın amacı,
Ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin, Fen Bilimleri dersi kapsamındaki “Maddenin
Yapısı ve Özellikleri” Ünitesinde yer alan belirlenmiş konulara yönelik kavramsal
anlamalarını belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir,  iki aşamalı teşhis (diagnostik) testi
geliştirmektir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmanın ilk aşamasında mevcut kazanımlar
incelenmiş, gerekli ekle-meler ve düzetmelerin ardından güncellenmiş Bloom
Taksonomosi’ne göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ardından, alan yazın araştırması
yapılmış ve 47 çoktan seçmeli maddeyi içeren madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur.
Kapsam geçerliğinin sağlanması amacıyla test, dört kimya eğitimcisi ve üç Fen
Bilimleri öğretmeni tarafından değerlendirilmiştir.  Test, 
33 maddeye indirgenmiş ve farklı okulların 7. sınıflarında öğrenim gören
225 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Testin güvenirlik katsayısı 0.91’dir.
Philosophy of the music chronotope of A.F. Losev in the context of problems of contemporary creative works
Authors:   Kuban Medical Institute, Putecheva Olga Anatolyevna , Vystorop Aleksey Vladimirovich ,   Kuban Medical Institute
Published: July 2018

The study discussed the problems of the spatial and temporal structure of the composer’s works and understanding the laws of sound content in the concept of the domestic thinker A.F. Losev, who laid the foundations of the philosophy of musical art. His ideas are not only in tune with the most profound developments of his contemporaries but they become the basis for fruitful modern research and have a huge spiritual potential. The ideas of A.F. Losev are the essential element when analyzing the complex spatial and temporal processes in the contemporary musical art in the early 21st century. Such contemporary scientists as B. Asafiev, K. Zenkin, M. Kogan, E. Nazaykinsky, G. Pankevich, V. Kholopov, and Yu. Kholopov present their musical and theoretical concepts regarding the musical number as an artistic pattern that logically regulates all musical properties. Other ideas of A.F. Losev became the catalyst for the development of Russian culture. The original ideas in developing the philosophy of a name, a myth, a number provided the basis for a dialectical approach to the problems of space and time in music, esthetics, and philosophy.
The importance of hermeneutics in ecological scientific knowledge
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute –  National Research University, Vedenskaya Tatyana Evgenyevna
Published: July 2018

In the context of ecology, the hermeneutic problems have arisen in relation to the disciplinary knowledge, the transition to multidisciplinarity. These problems are followed by the scientific and technological revolution results, the nature of the era, and the logic development of the methodological bases of ecology. There are the inseparable unity and relationship of universal components with essential, special, and individual ones between the philosophical and methodological approach to understanding and comprehension in the structure of thinking of environmental scientist and environmental expert. Understanding and interpretation are formed when the intra-linguistic context interacts with the non-linguistic situation within the scope of environmental activities. Hermeneutics is a tool for analyzing phenomenological approaches to understanding environmental and prognostic problems because these problems exist. Based on personal experience and knowledge, an ecologist should consciously apply the theoretical and empirical knowledge in practice. It implies the need to determine personal views and reliance on them in environmental practices. Scientific knowledge is a way of obtaining true knowledge focused on the comprehension of objective laws. Consequently, the natural science-related and methodological interpretation, as well as understanding, plays a pivotal role in the integrated study of environmental issues.
The ethnic and social composition of the Rim-Gora hillfort population
Authors:   Institute for the Humanities Research,  Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of  the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fomenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2018

The paper reviews the results of a study on Rim-Gora hillfort, a large historical and cultural monument located in Central Ciscaucasia. The author presents the archeological discoveries belonging to the Bronze Age, the pre-Scythian and Scythian periods, the Sarmatian epoch, the Early and Late Middle Ages made in the hillfort and at its foot. In particular, the research specifies the ethnic composition of the hillfort and its nearby in the Scythian and Sarmatian period and the Middle Ages. Other topical issues of studying Rim-Gora hillfort are considered as well. The author concluded that there was a complex ethnic structure of the inhabitants of this trade and handicraft military defense center in the post-Khazar era (the Alans who returned from Podontsovye, the descendants of the steppe settlements population in the Kuban region in the Khazar era, Byzantine merchants or missionaries, and probably the descendants of the population who left necropolis in Khasaut and other rock-cut tombs of Central Ciscaucasia).
Several aspects of state-church relationships in the Soviet city in the period of the New Economic Policy
Authors: Blonsky Leonid Vladimirovich ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: July 2018

The study discusses the aspects of the relationships between the official authorities and the church in the Soviet city of Saratov in the period of the New Economic Policy. In the 1920s, Saratov was one of the largest cities in the USSR, where the fundamentals of the multiconfessional and multicultural environment had been formed since the pre-revolutionary era. After long years of the Russian Civil War and the military communism policy, the religious and ceremonial practices became relevant to Saratov citizens in their everyday life in the period under review. Based on the analysis of the 1920s situation in Saratov, the author concluded that the Soviet authorities remained loyal to the religious needs of its citizens. At the same time, it had to be noted that it was during this period that the government gradually entrenched the ideological tools in society to combat religion.
STUDY ON PEDOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE “HANEȘ” MINE AREA FOR ITS REMEDIATION
Authors: CHIRILĂ BĂBĂU Adriana Mihaela , MICLE Valer , SUR Ioana Monica
Published: July 2018

Pollution has become an issue of current concern for all humanity, because of the negative impact on the environment and human health. One of the most affected by environmental factors due to human activities is the soil, which is a sponge for contaminants. Soil contamination with heavy metals presents a major concern both global and national levels, in order to control resulted pollutants from industrial activities and finding different methods of eco-friendly and effective remedy. In the present paper is presented the Haneș mine area, the soil from here being very acid due to mining activities performed in the past.
NEW APPROACHES REGARDING REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS FROM MINING AREAS
Authors: DAMIAN Gianina Elena
Published: July 2018

Currently, heavy metal contamination of the soil and water near mining areas is a critical environmental problem that concerned all humanity due to its impact on ecological environment and human health. In order to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soils from mining areas, some technologies, generally based on physical, chemical, thermal and biological approaches, have long been in use to clean-up heavy metal contaminated soils to an acceptable and safe level. However, effectiveness of these methods depends a lot of soil type and characteristics, level of pollution and mixed contaminants present in soil. Moreover, some conventional technologies pose a secondary risk on environment. Thus, efficient eco-friendly techniques, based on natural materials or natural constituents of the soil needs development and research. This paper will provide an overview of the recent exploration and research, attempts of the remediation effectiveness assessment and developments regarding decontamination technologies applicable for the removal of heavy metals from soils near mining areas, being focused on new approaches regarding remediation methods. Moreover, limitations, financial aspects and future remediation research needs are also summary discussed.
INVESTIGATING THE LEVEL OF FIRE SAFETY AT PRISONS IN HUNGARY
Authors: HORVÁTH Péter , KALAMÁR Norbert
Published: July 2018

In Hungary fire-fighting duties are generally fulfilled by fire services operating within the framework of the unified organization of disaster management. To increase efficiency this might change in specific cases, furthermore other organisations can also fulfill fire-fighting duties. The reason behind this is that sometimes fire-fighters arrive at the scene with a considerable delay therefore people located in the area have to start fire-fighting with the utilization of special equipment to minimize damage. Such occasions are when disasters or fires are to be managed during mass events, affrays or inside prisons. Method: The author applied the current legislation of Hungary, interviewed some of the managers working in the Prison Service as well as utilized his previous experience in fire-fighting. The study describes the current state of the Hungarian prisons, depicts the characteristics and the current changes of the fire safety training received by the prison personnel. Are shown examples regarding cases where the arrival of fire-fighters cannot be achieved under the professionally accepted time limit of 15 minutes. A cell fire with a fatal outcome is also described in the paper. The complicated situation faced by the prison personnel in case of fire is also addressed. The author tries to assist in the improvement of the educational syllabus as well as in the perfecting of the knowledge of the personnel.
DETERMINATION OF THE MONTHLY VARIATION OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN SOIL
Authors: LUPULESCU Alexandru , DICU Tiberius , PAPP Botond , CUCOŞ Alexandra
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the monthly variation of radon concentration in soil. Besides the radon concentration in soil, the measured parameters were soil permeability, air temperature, pressure, humidity and wind speed. The measurements were conducted for seven months, from December to June. For the soil permeability measurements RadonJok device was used and for determination of radon activity concentration in the soil it was used the Luk-3C device, equipped with scintillation cells. The highest radon concentration was measured in June (48 kBq m-3). Due to precipitations, on the soil surface a water film was created and as a result the radon could not diffuse into the atmosphere. Because of high permeability, a lower radon concentration was measured on April, which was 17 kBq m-3. The permeability favored radon diffusion which decreased its quantity in soil. The highest radon potential was determined to be in June. The lowest was determined to be in April, when the soil permeability was at its highest value. The radon index was medium for January to May and high for June.
Analgesic activity of newly synthesized 7-chloro–2–methyl-4H–benzo[d] [1,3]–oxazin–4–one and 3–amino-7-chloro-2–methyl-quinazolin-4(3H)–one
Authors: Osarumwense Peter O.
Published: July 2018

The current study is aimed at the analgesic evaluation of quinazolinone derivatives. The quinazolinone derivatives 7-chloro-2-methyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]-oxazin-4-one and 3-amino-7-chloro-2-methyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-one were evaluated pharmacologically for their in vivo analgesic activities by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The compounds exhibited significant analgesic activity in the range of 74.67 - 83.80% in comparison to control.
Evolution of Project Management as a Scientific Discipline
Authors: Abbasi Alireza , Jaafari Ali
Published: July 2018

In this study, we investigated the quantity and impact of worldwide research production in the field of “project management” over the past 38 years. We performed a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database between 1980 and 2017 to develop an understanding of the evolution of research on “project management.” Using the knowledge of a domain expert in the field of “project management,” we first compiled a set of reliable keywords, which represented the field. Second, we developed a data extraction strategy for searching the phrase “project management” in the title or keyword or abstract of publications by limiting our sources to journals in English. We observed the evolution of this field by analyzing not only the quantity of publications but also their impact (citations) per year and compared their growth trend in four periods. The results of our analysis confirmed that not only the research themes or topics but also the active parties involved in project management research have experienced phonemic changes over time.
Message from the Editor
Authors: Colledge Thomas
Published: July 2018

Updating of the Journal.
WE NEVER TALK: PEER TO PEER OBSERVATION AND FORMATIVE FEEDBACK AS STEPS TO EVOLVING ACADEMIC CULTURE
Authors: Evans Greg , Allen Grant , Bender Tim , Cluett William
Published: July 2018

Abstract – This paper advocates for the introduction of peer-to-peer feedback between instructors as a way to promote increased discussion about teaching. A framework for peer observation is presented along with some guidelines for formative feedback. These tools are very much works in progress that are being refined, in part, through a “teaching triad” initiative being introduced in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto. The hope is that increase conversations about teaching will promote a shift in culture that will encourage and support the exploration of new instructional pedagogies.