bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gases generated by gold mining. The example of the Apumayo Mine, Peru
Authors: Solórzano Ortiz Isabel Mercedes , Valverde Espinoza Santiago Gualberto
Published: December 2021

In Peru, there are no established methodologies to assess the effects of economic activities on climate change, probably because there is no research to demonstrate these effects at the national level. Even mining being an important economic activity in Peru and the one that has made the greatest progress in environmental regulation in recent years, it does not have research focused on climate change in specific cases. However, there are calculation tools, such as the carbon footprint, that measures the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) generated by an activity and gives us a scope of the climate change impacts of this activity or activities. In that sense, the objective of this study was to determine the carbon footprint generated by the exploitation activities of a gold mine in Peru, and thus give a first scope of the impacts on climate change, based on the exploitation of a goldfield formed by volcanic rocks and quaternary deposits. As a result, it was obtained that, due to the significant volume of petrol used in the transportation of ore and waste rock with heavy tippers, the exploitation activities of a gold mine in Peru contributes significantly to GHG and therefore to climate change. Total GHG emissions of carbon footprint from gold production activities at the Apumayo mine in 2017 were 24977.1 tCO2eq.
The Role of Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Herzog Samuel A , Brakoulias Vlasios
Published: December 2021

Background:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a highly debilitating psychiatric
disorder with a high rate of treatment resistance. Biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive
disorder may assist clinicians by predicting response to treatments and prognosis.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to review the literature with regards to two of the
more easily ascertainable and relatively inexpensive physiological biomarkers, i.e., heart
rate variability and electroencephalography.

Methods:

A narrative review of the literature was conducted.

Results:

Decreased heart rate variability has been associated with increased symptom
severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Findings from electroencephalography have
also predicted response to pharmacotherapy and it is likely that biomarkers for OCD will
have their greatest utility in predicting response to different pharmacological agents.
However, the number of studies is small and results are inconsistent.

Conclusions:

More research is required to determine whether heart rate variability and
electrophysiological studies play a clinical role as biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
Nonfocal Symptoms in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Association with Stroke Risk
Authors: Yang Shuxiang , Zhao Lu , Pei Lulu , Cao Shuang , Gao Yuan , Fang Hui , Liu Kai , Sun Shilei , Wu Jun , Song Bo , Xu Yuming
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective:

Patients with transient ischemic attack（TIA）occasionally showed nonfocal symptoms, such as decreased consciousness, amnesia and non-rotatory dizziness. This study intended to evaluate the effect of nonfocal symptoms on the prognosis of patients with TIA.

Methods:

Data from the prospective hospital-based TIA database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed. The predictive outcome was stroke occurrence at 1 year. Cumulative risks of stroke in patients with and without nonfocal symptoms were estimated with Kaplan-Meier models.

Results:

We studied 1384 patients with TIA (842 men; mean age, 56±13 years), including 450 (32.5%) with nonfocal symptoms. In the ﬁrst year after TIA, stroke occurred in 168（12.1%） patients. There was no difference in the risk of stroke between patients with both focal and nonfocal symptoms and patients with focal symptoms alone (11.8% vs 12.4%, log-rank; P=0.691).

Conclusions:

The occurrence of nonfocal symptoms did not increase the risk of stroke at one-year follow-up compared to the occurrence of focal symptoms alone.
Preliminary Characterization of a Functional Jam from Red Chicory By-Product
Authors: Cisneros-Yupanqui Miluska , Lante Anna , Rizzi Corrado
Published: December 2021

Background:

The by-products of red chicory leaves are a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be exploited in the development of functional foods.

Objective:

This work aimed to combine healthy properties of red chicory by-products with other ingredients in the formulation of a functional jam, which is easy and safe to swallow, especially for people suffering from dysphagia.

Methods:

The physicochemical parameters, as well as the total polyphenols content (TPC), was assessed in the obtained product.

Results:

The TPC (549.44 mg GAE/100 g) was higher than the values reported in other jams, and it remained stable along with the colour during six weeks of storage. Within the carbohydrates, 0.4% of the prebiotic fibre inulin has been detected, suggesting that this jam formulation is a promising delivery system of phenols and fibre. From the sensorial point of view, the functional jam obtained an overall good acceptability judgment. The bitterness of the red chicory is persistent, which helps people with dysphagia swallow more easily.

Conclusion:

The functional jam, based on chicory by-products, could be a good source of bioactive compounds, which are helpful even in the disabled subjects’ diet.
Progressive Collapse Performance of Steel Beam-to-Column Connections: Critical Review of Experimental Results
Authors: Ferraioli Massimiliano
Published: December 2021

Background:

The steel beam-to-column connections are vulnerable structural elements when a building loses one or more of its vertical load-carrying components due to abnormal or accidental loading conditions. After a column is destroyed by abnormal loads, the tensile axial force of the beam gradually increased, while the bending moment decreased, and the load-resistance mechanism shifts from a flexural mechanism to a catenary mechanism, with the axial force becoming the prevailing factor.

Aims:

This paper investigates the progressive collapse performance of steel beam-to-column connections. While undergoing large deformation, the beam-to-column connections are subjected to moment, shear, and tension in conjunction with high ductility demand. Their behavior under monotonic loading depends on the moment-axial tension interaction and greatly affects the progressive collapse resistance of the structure. This paper presents a critical review of experimental tests of different types of steel beam-column joints (flexible, rigid, and semi-rigid) under a central-column-removal scenario.

Methods:

The experimental results, including load-deformation relationships, failure modes, and catenary effects, are described in detail. The findings are used to evaluate the rotation capacity of different types of steel beam-to-column connections. The results are compared to the acceptance criteria specified by the main progressive collapse guidelines for several beam-to-column connection categories.

Results:

In simple (flexible) joints, the stiffness and strength at higher drift angles essentially depend on the tensile capacity of the connection that prevents, in some cases, the full development of the catenary mechanism. The connection depth alone does not seem to be an effective parameter to predict the rotational capacity of beam-to-column connections, since different connections with similar values of the connection depth result in very different values of the maximum rotation capacity. In fully rigid and semi-rigid connections, after the column removal, the flexural resistance controls the behavior at the preliminary phase, and the tensile force is almost zero. With increased downward displacement, the axial tensile force also increases, developing a catenary mechanism. Although the stiffness of rigid and semi-rigid connections is higher than flexible connections, both categories result in similar rotation capacity.

Conclusion:

In all the simple connections herein considered, the plastic rotation capacity obtained by tests was found much higher than the code recommended values that are probably too conservative. On the contrary, for one rigid and two semi-rigid connections, the values of the plastic rotation capacity obtained by tests are lower than the corresponding recommended values. Thus, the suggested acceptance criteria proved to be out of the conservative side.
Obtaining Luminous Phosphate Coatings on Steel by Cold Method
Authors: Konovalova V.S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The possibility of obtaining luminous phosphate coatings on steel by cold method has been studied. Modified cold phosphating solutions containing organic additives (glycerin, trilon B, OS-20 emulsifier) were selected as the basis to maintain the pH, stabilize the solution and improve the quality and structure of the deposited coatings. To obtain the glow effect, a green phosphor based on Zn2SiO4 containing manganese as a sensitizer was added to the phosphating solution. During deposition, phosphate coatings are obtained that glow with spots, but constant mixing of the solution during deposition contributes to the uniform distribution of phosphor in the phosphate film. Luminous phosphate coatings have good protective properties, they can be used as an independent protection of steel surfaces from corrosion.
The Improvement of the Operational Characteristics of the Ventilated Front Brake Discs
Authors: Boldyrev D.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Wear and crack resistance are important operational characteristics of brake discs. The paper presents the most optimal concentration of sulfur in cast iron, which ensures its least wear, and discusses the implementation of the front brake discs manufacture from Gh190 cast iron having 0.11 ... 0.13% sulfur content at contrast to the 0.01 ... 0.03% sulfur content, and proves the change leads to a significant increase in wear and frictional properties of the discs. In the course of research, it is found that the increase in the crack resistance of brake discs is possible due to the improvement of the thermophysical properties of cast iron with the increase in the carbon content (up to 3.55 ... 3.60%) and the decrease in the silicon content (up to 1.45 ... 1.50%), while the carbon equivalent is constant.
Investigation of the Efficiency of Manufacturing Polymer Molds by FDM-Printing
Authors: Krupennikov O.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The results of experimental studies of the efficiency of manufacturing polymer foundry models by the FDM method are presented. Rational consumables for 3D-printing are revealed. The optimal values of the shrinkage value of the 3D-model during printing and the parameters of the 3D-printer operation mode are revealed. It has been established that polymer casting molds are rationally manufactured by FDM printing, using ABS-plastic as a consumable, while making a correction to linear dimensions at the stage of creating a 3D-model to eliminate plastic shrinkage.
Development the Graphical Method of Calculating Structural Elements for Fixing a Gear in a Self-Centering Chuck through the Involute
Authors: Serkov A.S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article discusses the developed graphical method of calculating the size rolls diameter and the radius of their contact with the jaws.
Theoretical Justification of Coating Adhesion during Gas-Thermal Spraying
Authors: Kuznetsov Y.A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract.The article provides a brief overview of modern methods of thermal spraying. Particular attention is paid to high-speed flame spraying. The theoretical substantiation of the adhesion of coatings formed on machine parts using the methods of thermal spraying is presented.
Tool Bits with Elastic Damping Inserted Elements Formed by Semi-Inserts with Different Rigidity
Authors: Novikov S.G.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Vibration during turning is a consequence of premature tool wear and an increase in the roughness of parts. The designs of tool bits that increase their durability, reduce vibrations arising during the cutting process, and improve the quality of processing are of practical and scientific interest. Existing developments of vibration-damping bits with elastic damping inserts of constant rigidity, in which a holder or mandrel with a cut-off insert is installed, do not meet the requirements for the efficiency of vibration reduction due to the impossibility of the necessary vibration damping; the consumption of insert materials is high. Innovative designs of tool bits with inserts formed by semi-inserts with different rigidity are proposed, which allows improving the quality of processing by increasing the efficiency of vibration damping, reducing material consumption, because the length of the semi-inserts is less than half the length of the full insert. The tool bits can be used in the area of cutting materials, mechanical engineering and tool manufacturing.
Forming of Composite Cutting Layer on Tool Steel by Heat Treatment of CVD Coatings
Authors: Belashova I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. СVD chromium coatings are evaporated on steel substrate from chrome-organic compounds. For crystallization with forming of nano-particles of chromium carbides, subsequent heating (annealing) of tool steel with hybrid coatings is carrying out. Significant increase of micro-hardness of the coating up to 27000 MPa is observed due to the dispersion strengthening. Optimal annealing parameters (temperature and duration) are determined, which maximally strengthen the coatings and increase their adhesion to the steel substrate.
Dynamic Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams Made of Carbonate Concrete
Authors: Belov V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The ability of solid structures to absorb a certain part of the energy of dynamic impacts has not been properly reflected in impact theories. Meanwhile the effect of material properties on the various structures in the impact is so much that ignoring it when the solution of a large number dynamic problems makes it impossible to explain without distorting quantitatively and qualitatively, many of the actually observed phenomena, for example, equalization of dynamic stresses in places of their concentration and fluctuation of other parameters. In the article, two independent parameters for conventional reinforced concrete beams and those made of limestone concrete are compared, namely dynamic coefficient and the values of elastic rebound in impact. The effect of the reinforcement is not discussed in the paper.
Studies of Highly Dispersed Titanium Carbide Powder Obtained from Scrap Tungstenless Cemented Carbide Alloys
Authors: Gavrish V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The results of research of characteristics of highly dispersed titanium carbide powder obtained from carbide waste of TN-20, TN-25, TN-30 types are presented. The powder particles were studied using analytical methods including scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis. The obtained results confirm the formation of nanosized particles of titanium carbide of monocrystalline form.
Why we Need a Heated Chamber for 3D Printing with ‘High Performance’ Polymers?
Authors: Boytsov E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This paper is dedicated to the features of the processes of 3D printing of polymers with a high melting point such as PEEK, CarbonPEEK, ULTEM, PPSU using FDM (FFF) technology. The results of 3D printing with high-performance polymers using different conditions of the heated chamber are presented. Conclusions about the advantages of a heated chamber are made.
Algorithm Synthesis of Controlling a Transport Unit of a Coextrusion Flexible Manufacturing Section for Processing Multicomponent Materials
Authors: Dyadichev V.V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper offers a mathematical model of the process of coextrusion flexible manufacturing section functioning. On the basis of dynamic programming method an algorithm of controlling transport unit of coextrusion flexible manufacturing system is developed. The objective of the current research is the development of the mathematical model of the flexible manufacturing complex for processing multicomponent materials functioning process, and construction of the algorithm of controlling a transport unit of a coextrusion flexible manufacturing complex for processing multicomponent materials on this basis. The paper offers the criterion of evaluating the quality of controlling the transport unit. The chosen variant of controlling the transport unit has to meet many requirements. This paper con-siders the issues connected with the search for an optimum algorithm of control-ling a transport unit according to the set criterion. Most works offer analytical models which are based on the assumption of the current processes’ stability. Real manufacturing conditions are characterized by the effect of numerous perturbing factors. Under such conditions the assumption of the current processes’ stability makes the obtained models almost untrue.
Control of Deformation of Elastic Polymer-Abrasive Circles at their Wear
Authors: Podashev D.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the wear intensity of elastic polymer-abrasive circles when processing the surfaces of parts made of high-strength aluminum alloys. Empirical dependencies of wear on cutting speed and tool deformation are obtained, on the basis of which method of tool deformation correction with long-term, continuous surface treatment is proposed. In practice, such a procedure is necessary due to the loss of process performance that occurs due to the reduction of tool deformation due to wear. The proposed technique allows to effectively control the finishing process as the tool is worn out.
Additive Technologies in the Production of Vehicle Rubber with Sensory Properties
Authors: Stepanov E.V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Annotation. Rubber products are widely used in the construction of vehicles, for example, as sealing and protective devices, suspension joints and are the basis of automobile tires. Modern trends related to increasing the level of vehicle safety require the use of innovative approaches in the design and use of new materials with unique properties. This article proposes an approach to create a rubber with sensory properties that can be used in various automotive products and prevent situations that can harm both human health and lead to serious damage to the structure of the vehicle itself. We have developed an intelligent vehicle door seal to prevent injury to a person when the door is closed carelessly. The sealant, which reacts to deformation when a foreign body enters the seal site, consists of rubber with the addition of piezoceramic powder and two electrode layers. Each electrode layer has several parallel strip-like electrodes positioned along the perimeter of the seal. This document describes possible applications for rubber products with sensory properties and an additive method for making such rubber with the addition of piezoceramic powder.
Modern Technologies for Producing Foamed Phosphate Glass for Oil Sorbents
Authors: Karapetyan K.G.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper considers applications of foamed glassy phosphate materials as carriers of biologically active substances. The atomic layer deposition method allowed chemically synthesizing surface-modified composite materials based on graphite and carbon fibers, which maximally preserved the activity of enzymes and biologically active substances. The synthesis process of a mono-layer titanium-containing coating on the surface of graphite and carbon fibers by processing them with TiCl4 vapors is considered. The main characteristics of the graphite surface before and after modification and characteristics of the porous structure and surface of carbon fibers are obtained. Biologically active substances by adsorption from a solution to the surface of both the original and modified carriers were applied. biological activity and temperature stability of the obtained composite materials were studied. It is shown that the activity of a biologically active substance depends on the chemical composition and state of the surface of carbon-based carriers.
Nonlinear Mathematical Models of Metamaterials Defined as “Mass-in-Mass” and “Damper-in-Mass” Chains
Authors: Kolesov D.A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. To describe dynamic processes in an acoustic (mechanical) metamaterial, there are proposed models that are a one-dimensional chain containing the same masses connected by linearly elastic (or nonlinearly elastic) elements (springs) with the same stiffness. In this case, it is assumed that each mass contains inside itself a series connection of another mass and an elastic element or viscous element (damper).
Influence of Internal Defects of Basic Metal of the Equipment on Its Operational Properties
Authors: Valeev S.I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper deals with the issue of safe operation of technological equipment with a defect in the base metal of the delamination type. Mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state in the defect zone by the finite element method in ANSYS software package is carried out. The article presents and analyzes the obtained graphs of the distribution of stress intensity factors. Based on the analysis of the obtained dependences, it is shown that stratification of the base metal does not have a significant effect on the performance of the process equipment.
Automatic Registration of the Nascence and Propagation of Cracks in Electrically Conductive Materials
Authors: Kiiko V.M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A correlation is established between the length of the propagating crack in electrically conductive flat specimens and the change in the field of electric potentials over the surface of the specimen when an electric current is passed through it. The experimental data correspond to the analytical solution in a two-dimensional formulation obtained by means of a conformal mapping. Work can be attributed to the field of converting mechanical values into electrical ones. This transformation simplifies the process of recording mechanical processes and provides a convenient form of their control. The work is aimed at automatic control of the process of fracture of electrically conductive materials.
The Structure and Properties of Ceramics, Obtained from Mixtures of the System ZrO2–Al–C
Authors: Dzhelialov S.I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the structures of materials obtained as a result of hot pressing of mixtures of the ZrO2(m) –Al – С system of various compositions. The nature of the change in the composition and physical and mechanical properties of the obtained materials was established depending on the concentration of aluminum and carbon in the initial mixture, as well as the parameters of hot pressing.
Evaluation of the Manufacturability of "Shaft"–Type Parts with the Use of Complex Methods
Authors: Sychugov A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This work is devoted to improving the quality of engineering design solutions in mechanical engineering on the basis of the comprehensive qualimetric evaluation of ‘shaft’-type part that takes into account cost, complexity, design and technological unification of the parts.
Advanced Metallic Biomaterials
Authors: Baltatu Madalina-Simona
Published: December 2021

The book presents the characterization and classification of metallic biomaterials; with focus on titanium-based alloys, cobalt-based alloys, stainless steels and biodegradable alloys. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis, assessment of properties and medical applications such as multifunctional implants. The book references 423 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
BEST WORST METODU İLE İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMESİNE YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM
Authors: KARAKURT Necip Fazıl , HEKİMOĞLU İhsan , GUNERİ Ali
Published: December 2021

İnşaat sektörü, Türkiye’de iş kazalarının ölüm veya ciddi yaralanmalarla sonuçlandığı bir sektördür. Bu nedenle üzerine yoğunlaşılması ve hızlı bir şekilde tedbir alınması gereken İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) risk faktörleri oldukça fazla sayıdadır. Makalede daha önce İSG literatüründe kullanılmamış yeni bir yaklaşım ile İnşaat sektörü İSG risk faktörleri önceliklendirilmiştir. İnşaat sektörü literatüründe yer alan farklı kaynaklar incelenerek elde edilmiş 15 farklı risk faktörünün önceliklendirme çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu önceliklendirme yapılırken, yeni yaygınlaşmakta olan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden Best Worst Metot kullanılmıştır. İnternet üzerinden yapılan anket yoluyla uzman görüşleri toplanmış, bu görüşler neticesinde risk faktörlerinin birbirleri açısından önem derecelerini gösteren ikili karşılaştırma vektörleri belirlenmiştir. Bu ikili karşılaştırma vektörlerinin makalede verilen doğrusal programlama modelinde çözülmesi neticesinde, faktör ağırlıkları elde edilmiştir. Toplam 51 katılımcının bulunduğu anket çalışmasında 37 adet anket tutarsız bulunması nedeniyle çalışmanın kapsamından çıkartılmıştır. Tutarlı anket sonuçları farklı ortalama alma yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yüksekten düşme, yüksekten malzeme düşmesi, ağır kaldırma ve toza maruz kalma faktörleri en önemli risk faktörleri olarak belirlenmiştir.
INVESTIGATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL AND HARDNESS CHANGES OF AA7075 ALLOY PROCESSED BY ECAP
Authors: LÜLE ŞENÖZ Güzide Meltem , ÖZTÜRK Doğacan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the change in microstructural and hardness values AA7075 aluminum alloy, which is frequently preferred in the aviation industry by applying the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method. ECAP method, one of the plastic deformation methods, has been successfully carried out by applying 0.025mm/sec pressing speed and 200°C temperature for a different route (A, Bc, C) and the different number of passes (2, 4, 8). The characterization of the aluminum alloy obtained by applying ECAP process was carried out by optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Hardness tests have been applied to examine the mechanical properties of the material. The microstructures of the materials obtained as a result of the application were examined. It was observed that precipitation occurred in the AA7075 alloy depending on the applied temperature, pressing, and grain breakage. Moreover, it is seen that the grain size of the materials produced by the ECAP method has been reduced, and consequently the strength of the material increases. As a result of the ECAP process, it was seen that the existing phases were α-Al, -MgZn2, S-Al2CuMg, and Al7Cu2Fe. The grain size of 288.4 nm obtained after 8 repeated passes using the Bc route was the smallest grain size obtained.
EMİRDAĞ-KARAAĞAÇ YERALTI SUYU POTANSİYELİNİN ELEKTRİK ÖZDİRENÇ YÖNTEMLER İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YILMAZ Sedat , YILDIRIM Emine
Published: December 2021

Kayaçların gözenekliliği ve geçirgenliği gibi hidrojeoloji için önemli olan jeolojik oluşum özelliklerinin çoğu elektriksel iletkenlik ile ilişkilidir. Bu sebeple, jeofizik arama tekniklerinden elektrik özdirenç yöntemi yeraltı suyu araştırmaları için etkilidir. Özdirenç yöntemlerinden düşey elektrik sondajı (DES) yöntemi, su taşıyan oluşumun kalınlığını ve derinliğini belirlemek için kullanılmaktadır. Diğer bir özdirenç yöntem ise daha geniş alanlarda daha hızlı ve sağlıklı ölçüm almayı sağlayan çok-elektrotlu sistemleri kullanan elektrik özdirenç tomografidir (EÖT). Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ (Karaağaç) bölgesindeki muhtemel yeraltı suyu bulunduran akifer yapılar, DES ve EÖT yöntemleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. 7 istasyonda DES verilerinin ve 4 profilde EÖT verilerinin değerlendirilmesi ile, çalışma alanındaki muhtemel yeraltı suyu içeren akifer yapıların dağılımı belirlenmiştir. Yeraltı suyu sağlamada farklı derinliklerdeki çakıllı birimler ve kireçtaşı iyi akifer özellik göstermektedir.
GRAVİTE BELİRTİSİ AYRIMI TEKNİKLERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: EKİNCİ Yunus Levent
Published: December 2021

Potansiyel alan yöntemlerinin doğasından dolayı elde edilen belirtiler sığ ve derin kökenli yapılardan kaynaklanan kısa ve uzun dalga boylu etkileri içerirler. Bu nedenle, gravite veya manyetik yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilen jeofiziksel aramada en önemli veri işlem adımlarından biri de belirti ayrımı işlemidir. Bu amaçla gözlemlenen veriyi rezidüel ve rejyonal belirti adı verilen iki bileşenine ayırmada bazı matematiksel teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi, tercihli filtreleme ve en uygun yukarı uzanım yüksekliği gibi üç hesaplama yönteminin etkinliği iyi bilinen ve günümüzde de en yaygın belirti ayrımı tekniği olarak kullanılan polinoma yaklaştırma yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulamada Jilin (Çin) manyetit alanı üzerinde alınmış gerçek gravite belirtisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular eleman şekil fonksiyonları kullanımıyla sonlu elemanlar yöntemi uygulamasının diğerlerine göre daha belirgin reziduel gravite belirtisi ürettiğini göstermiştir.
SICAKLIK VERİLERİNİN TREND ANALİZİ: ÇANKIRI VE KASTAMONU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: İLKER Ahmet , TERZİ Özlem
Published: December 2021

Meteorolojik bir veri olan sıcaklık, iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmanın en önemli göstergelerinden biridir. Bir parametrenin zaman içerisindeki değişimini bilmek, o parametrenin gelecekte nasıl bir davranış göstereceği konusunda fikir sahibi olunmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada birbirine komşu olan Çankırı ve Kastamonu illerinde bulunan meteoroloji istasyonlarının maksimum, minimum ve ortalama sıcaklık verileri için trend analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bu iki ilde bulunan toplam sekiz meteoroloji istasyonunun verileri kullanılmıştır. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden 1980-2017 yılları arasında bulunan 38 yıla ait sıcaklık verileri temin edilmiştir. Trend analizi için parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall Testi kullanılırken, birim zamandaki değişim miktarının belirlenmesi için Sen’in Trend Eğim Testi kullanılmıştır. Maksimum sıcaklıkların trend analizi sonuçlarında sekiz istasyondaki toplam 136 trend analizinden 61 tanesinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı artış trendi belirlenmiştir. Minimum sıcaklıkların trend analizi sonuçları incelendiğinde 41 anlamlı artış trendi elde edilmiştir. Ortalama sıcaklıkların trend analizi sonuçlarına göre ise 136 analizden 52 tanesinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış trendi sergilediği görülmüştür. Trend analizi sonuçları göstermiştir ki Çankırı ve Kastamonu illerinde sıcaklıklar artış eğilimindedir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Çankırı ve Kastamonu illerinde gelecek dönemlerde iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmanın etkisiyle sıcaklıklarda artış gözleneceği söylenebilir.
EVALUATION OF THE MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS LEVELS AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ANKARA
Authors: ULUTAŞ Kadir , ABUJAYYAB Sohaib K M , ABU AMR Salem
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to examine levels, temporal changes and interactions of major air pollutants with meteorological variables in Ankara, Turkey. The level of air pollutants namely PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, O3, CO was evaluated monthly, seasonally, and annually during 2019. The statistical relationship between air pollutants and ambient temperature, relative humidity and air pressure was examined and discussed. The pollutants concentrations started to rise in the morning and evening hours (excluding O3) when the traffic was at its peak and was in the highest level between 10:00 -14:00 and 22:00-02:00. It was seen at the lowest values (excluding O3) during daylight hours. A strong positive correlation was reported between PM10 and both PM2.5 and CO. Also, it was positive between NO and CO and NOX. On the other hand, negative correlation was reported between O3 and all other parameters. Moreover, paired comparisons of the selected parameters during the seasons were investigated. A statistically significant difference was found between different paired parameters namely CO/NOX, SO2/NOX and PM2.5/PM10. The results revealed that the changes in the meteorological parameters during the mentioned seasons has a significant impact on the behavior of air pollutant parameters.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS; ARTVIN ÇORUH UNIVERSITY CASE
Authors: DOĞANŞAHİN Kadir , DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur
Published: December 2021

On March 10, 2020, formal education at universities in Turkey has been suspended by the scope of COVID19 measures. In this study, the effects of the pandemic period on natural resources and electricity consumption in educational institutions have been examined. In this study, the consumption of electricity, water, and coal consumptions are discussed. When the realized consumption during the pandemic, when formal education is suspended, and there is no student presence in the campuses, is evaluated as the base consumption values of the institution, the difference between the consumption values before the pandemic and the pandemic period can be interpreted as the consumption realized as a result of formal education activities. Consumption values per student have been calculated by dividing this consumption difference by the number of registered students. Although these values are not scientifically precise, they provide useful information in terms of making approximate consumption estimates according to the changing number of students in the upcoming semesters. The results obtained in the conducted study give an idea about the natural resources and electricity consumption per student in formal education and suggest an approach towards consumption monitoring in different institutions through the use of data from the considered periods.
Short-Video Apps as a Health Information Source for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Information Quality Assessment of TikTok Videos
Authors: Song Shijie , Xue Xiang , Zhao Yuxiang Chris , Li Jinhao , Zhu Qinghua , Zhao Mingming
Published: December 2021

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most critical public health problems worldwide. Because many COPD patients are using video-based social media to search for health information, there is an urgent need to assess the information quality of COPD videos on social media. Recently, the short-video app TikTok has demonstrated huge potential in disseminating health information and there are currently many COPD videos available on TikTok; however, the information quality of these videos remains unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the information quality of COPD videos on TikTok.

Methods

In December 2020, we retrieved and screened 300 videos from TikTok and collected a sample of 199 COPD-related videos in Chinese for data extraction. We extracted the basic video information, coded the content, and identified the video sources. Two independent raters assessed the information quality of each video using the DISCERN instrument.

Results

COPD videos on TikTok came mainly from two types of sources: individual users (n=168) and organizational users (n=31). The individual users included health professionals, individual science communicators, and general TikTok users, whereas the organizational users consisted of for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations, and news agencies. For the 199 videos, the mean scores of the DISCERN items ranged from 3.42 to 4.46, with a total mean score of 3.75. Publication reliability (P=.04) and overall quality (P=.02) showed significant differences across the six types of sources, whereas the quality of treatment choices showed only a marginally significant difference (P=.053) across the different sources.

Conclusions

The overall information quality of COPD videos on TikTok is satisfactory, although the quality varies across different sources and according to specific quality dimensions. Patients should be selective and cautious when watching COPD videos on TikTok.
Factors Associated With Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicountry Online Study
Authors: Plomecka Martyna , Gobbi Susanna , Neckels Rachael , Radzinski Piotr , Skorko Beata , Lazzeri Samuel , Almazidou Kristina , Dedic Alisa , Bakalovic Asja , Hrustic Lejla , Ashraf Zainab , Es Haghi Sarvin , Rodriguez-Pino Luis , Waller Verena , Jabeen Hafsa , Alp A Beyza , Behnam Mehdi , Shibli Dana , Baranczuk-Turska Zofia , Haq Zeeshan , Qureshi Salah , Strutt Adriana M , Jawaid Ali
Published: December 2021

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of individuals. However, the susceptibility of individuals to be impacted by the pandemic is variable, suggesting potential influences of specific factors related to participants’ demographics, attitudes, and practices.

Objective

We aimed to identify the factors associated with psychological symptoms related to the effects of the first wave of the pandemic in a multicountry cohort of internet users.

Methods

This study anonymously screened 13,332 internet users worldwide for acute psychological symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic from March 29 to April 14, 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic amidst strict lockdown conditions. A total of 12,817 responses were considered valid. Moreover, 1077 participants from Europe were screened a second time from May 15 to May 30, 2020, to ascertain the presence of psychological effects after the ease down of restrictions.

Results

Female gender, pre-existing psychiatric conditions, and prior exposure to trauma were identified as notable factors associated with increased psychological symptoms during the first wave of COVID-19 (P<.001). The same factors, in addition to being related to someone who died due to COVID-19 and using social media more than usual, were associated with persistence of psychological disturbances in the limited second assessment of European participants after the restrictions had relatively eased (P<.001). Optimism, ability to share concerns with family and friends like usual, positive prediction about COVID-19, and daily exercise were related to fewer psychological symptoms in both assessments (P<.001).

Conclusions

This study highlights the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the worldwide level on the mental health of internet users and elucidates prominent associations with their demographics, history of psychiatric disease risk factors, household conditions, certain personality traits, and attitudes toward COVID-19.
Computerized Psychological Interventions in Veterans and Service Members: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pearson Rahel , Carl Emily , Creech Suzannah K
Published: December 2021

Background

Computerized psychological interventions can overcome logistical and psychosocial barriers to the use of mental health care in the Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense settings.

Objective

In this systematic review, we aim to outline the existing literature, with the goal of describing: the scope and quality of the available literature, intervention characteristics, study methods, study efficacy, and study limitations and potential directions for future research.

Methods

Systematic searches of two databases (PsycINFO and PubMed) using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were conducted from inception until November 15, 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: the study was published in an English language peer-reviewed journal, participants were randomly allocated to a computerized psychological intervention or a control group (non–computerized psychological intervention active treatment or nonactive control group), an intervention in at least one treatment arm was primarily delivered through the computer or internet with or without additional support, participants were veterans or service members, and the study used validated measures to examine the effect of treatment on psychological outcomes.

Results

This review included 23 studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Most studies were at a high risk of bias. Targeted outcomes, participant characteristics, type of support delivered, adherence, and participant satisfaction were described. Most of the examined interventions (19/24, 79%) yielded positive results. Study limitations included participant characteristics limiting study inference, high rates of attrition, and an overreliance on self-reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Relatively few high-quality studies were identified, and more rigorous investigations are needed. Several recommendations for future research are discussed, including the adoption of methods that minimize attrition, optimize use, and allow for personalization of treatment.
Standardized Integration of Person-Generated Data Into Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Zeng Billy , Bove Riley , Carini Simona , Lee Jonathan Shing-Jih , Pollak JP , Schleimer Erica , Sim Ida
Published: December 2021

Person-generated data (PGD) are a valuable source of information on a person’s health state in daily life and in between clinic visits. To fully extract value from PGD, health care organizations must be able to smoothly integrate data from PGD devices into routine clinical workflows. Ideally, to enhance efficiency and flexibility, such integrations should follow reusable processes that can easily be replicated for multiple devices and data types. Instead, current PGD integrations tend to be one-off efforts entailing high costs to build and maintain custom connections with each device and their proprietary data formats. This viewpoint paper formulates the integration of PGD into clinical systems and workflow as a PGD integration pipeline and reviews the functional components of such a pipeline. A PGD integration pipeline includes PGD acquisition, aggregation, and consumption. Acquisition is the person-facing component that includes both technical (eg, sensors, smartphone apps) and policy components (eg, informed consent). Aggregation pools, standardizes, and structures data into formats that can be used in health care settings such as within electronic health record–based workflows. PGD consumption is wide-ranging, by different solutions in different care settings (inpatient, outpatient, consumer health) for different types of users (clinicians, patients). The adoption of data and metadata standards, such as those from IEEE and Open mHealth, would facilitate aggregation and enable broader consumption. We illustrate the benefits of a standards-based integration pipeline for the illustrative use case of home blood pressure monitoring. A standards-based PGD integration pipeline can flexibly streamline the clinical use of PGD while accommodating the complexity, scale, and rapid evolution of today’s health care systems.
Testing an mHealth System for Individuals With Mild to Moderate Alcohol Use Disorders: Protocol for a Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial
Authors: Park Linda S , Chih Ming-Yuan , Stephenson Christine , Schumacher Nicholas , Brown Randall , Gustafson David , Barrett Bruce , Quanbeck Andrew
Published: December 2021

Background

The extent of human interaction needed to achieve effective and cost-effective use of mobile health (mHealth) apps for individuals with mild to moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains largely unexamined. This study seeks to understand how varying levels of human interaction affect the ways in which an mHealth intervention for the prevention and treatment of AUDs works or does not work, for whom, and under what circumstances.

Objective

The primary aim is to detect the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention by assessing differences in self-reported risky drinking patterns and quality of life between participants in three study groups (self-monitored, peer-supported, and clinically integrated). The cost-effectiveness of each approach will also be assessed.

Methods

This hybrid type 1 study is an unblinded patient-level randomized clinical trial testing the effects of using an evidence-based mHealth system on participants’ drinking patterns and quality of life. There are two groups of participants for this study: individuals receiving the intervention and health care professionals practicing in the broader health care environment. The intervention is a smartphone app that encourages users to reduce their alcohol consumption within the context of integrative medicine using techniques to build healthy habits. The primary outcomes for quantitative analysis will be participant data on their risky drinking days and quality of life as well as app use from weekly and quarterly surveys. Cost measures include intervention and implementation costs. The cost per participant will be determined for each study arm, with intervention and implementation costs separated within each group. There will also be a qualitative assessment of health care professionals’ engagement with the app as well as their thoughts on participant experience with the app.

Results

This protocol was approved by the Health Sciences Minimal Risk Institutional Review Board on November 18, 2019, with subsequent annual reviews. Recruitment began on March 6, 2020, but was suspended on March 13, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Limited recruitment resumed on July 6, 2020. Trial status as of November 17, 2021, is as follows: 357 participants were enrolled in the study for a planned enrollment of 546 participants.

Conclusions

The new knowledge gained from this study could have wide and lasting benefits related to the integration of mHealth systems for individuals with mild to moderate AUDs. The results of this study will guide policy makers and providers toward cost-effective ways to incorporate technology in health care and community settings.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04011644; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04011644

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/31109
The Surveillance of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep: Protocol for the Development and Feasibility Evaluation of a Novel Measurement System (Preprint)
Authors: Crowley Patrick , Ikeda Erika , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Kildedal Rasmus , Schade Jacobsen Sandra , Roslyng Larsen Jon , Johansson Peter J , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Aadahl Mette , Mork Paul Jarle , Straker Leon , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Holtermann Andreas , Gupta Nidhi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

There is increasing recognition of the need for more comprehensive surveillance data, including information on physical activity of all intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep. However, meeting this need poses significant challenges for current surveillance systems, which are mainly reliant on self-report.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this project is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a sensor-based system for use in the surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (SurPASS) at a national level in Denmark.

METHODS

The SurPASS project involves an international, multidisciplinary team of researchers collaborating with an industrial partner. The SurPASS system consists of (1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth connectivity, (2) a smartphone app, (3) an integrated back end, facilitating the automated upload, analysis, storage, and provision of individualized feedback in a manner compliant with European Union regulations on data privacy, and (4) an administrator web interface (web application) to monitor progress. The system development and evaluation will be performed in 3 phases. These phases will include gathering user input and specifications (phase 1), the iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of the system (phase 2), and the feasibility evaluation (phase 3).

RESULTS

The project started in September 2020 and completed phase 2 in February 2022. Phase 3 began in March 2022 and results will be made available in 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

If feasible, the SurPASS system could be a catalyst toward large-scale, sensor-based surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. It could also be adapted for cohort and interventional research, thus contributing to the generation of evidence for both interventions and public health policies and recommendations.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/35697