bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of mine overburden dump particles from images using Mask R CNN
Authors: Shrivastava Shubham , Bhattacharjee Sudipta , Deb Debasis
Published: February 2023

The stability of mine overburden dumps is crucial for the efficient operation of mining industries. The size distribution of particles affects the shear strength of dump slopes. Identification of dump particles from images is challenging as they vary in size, shape, color, granularity, and texture. In this paper, a unique way of identifying the particles from dump images using Artificial Intelligence is presented that can be used to determine the particle size distribution of dump. Mask R CNN with ResNet50 plus an FPN as a backbone network which is the current state of the art for instance segmentation has been implemented to segment the particles from dump images at detailed pixel level and to obtain their boundary. Experimental results showed promising results to delineate the particles and obtain masks over them. Our model has achieved a training accuracy of 97.2% for the dataset containing 31,505 particles. The model predicted the areas of dump particles with a mean percentage error of 0.39% and a standard deviation of 0.25 when compared to the ground truth values. The calculation of coordinates of the detected boundaries using the model significantly reduces the time and effort that are generally put in rock mechanics laboratories.
Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents
Authors: EL-Moslamy Shahira H. , Yahia I. S. , Zahran H. Y. , Kamoun Elbadawy A.
Published: February 2023

This report provides the first description of the myco-synthesis of rod-shaped MnO NPs with an average crystallite size of ~ 35 nm, employing extracellular bioactive metabolites of endophytic Trichodermavirens strain EG92 as capping/reducing agents and MnCl2·4H2O as a parent component. The wheat bran medium was chosen to grow endophytic strain EG92, which produced a variety of bioactive metabolites in extracellular fraction, which increases the yield of MnO NPs to 9.53 g/l. The whole medium and fungal growth conditions that influenced biomass generation were optimized as successive statistical optimization approaches (Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs). The production improvements were achieved at pH 5.5, WBE (35%), and inoculum size (10%), which increased Xmax to twelve-folds (89.63 g/l); thereby, Pmax increased to eight-folds (82.93 g/l). After 162 h, Xmax (145.63 g/l) and Pmax (99.52 g/l) on the side of µmax and YX/S were determined as 0.084 and 7.65, respectively. ViaTaguchi experimental design, fungus-fabricated MnO NPs reaction was improved by adding 0.25 M of MnCl2·4H2O to 100% of fungal extract (reducing/capping agents) and adjusting the reaction pH adjusted to ~ 5. This reaction was incubated at 60 °C for 5 h before adding 20% fungal extract (stabilizing agent). Also, Pmax was raised 40-fold (395.36 g/l) over the BC. Our myco-synthesized MnO NPs exhibit faster and more precise antagonistic actions against phytopathogenic bacteria than fungi; they could be employed as an alternative and promised nano-bio-pesticide to manage a variety of different types of disease-pathogens in the future.
Coordinated local RNA overexpression of complement induced by interferon gamma in myositis
Authors: Casal-Dominguez Maria , Pinal-Fernandez Iago , Pak Katherine , Muñoz-Braceras Sandra , Milisenda Jose C. , Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Dell′Orso Stefania , Naz Faiza , Gutierrez-Cruz Gustavo , Duque-Jaimez Yaiza , Matas-Garcia Ana , Valls-Roca Laura , Garrabou Gloria , Trallero-Araguas Ernesto , Walitt Brian , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Lloyd Thomas E. , Paik Julie J. , Albayda Jemima , Corse Andrea , Grau Josep Maria , Selva-O’Callaghan Albert , Mammen Andrew L.
Published: February 2023

Complement proteins are deposited in the muscles of patients with myositis. However, the local expression and regulation of complement genes within myositis muscle have not been well characterized. In this study, bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analyses of muscle biopsy specimens revealed that complement genes are locally overexpressed and correlate with markers of myositis disease activity, including the expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-induced genes. Single cell and single nuclei RNAseq analyses showed that most local expression of complement genes occurs in macrophages, fibroblasts, and satellite cells, with each cell type expressing different sets of complement genes. Biopsies from immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy patients, who have the lowest levels of IFNγ-induced genes, also had the lowest complement gene expression levels. Furthermore, data from cultured human cells showed that IFNγ upregulates complement expression in macrophages, fibroblasts, and muscle cells. Taken together, our results suggest that in myositis muscle, IFNγ coordinates the local overexpression of complement genes that occurs in several cell types.
Non-enzymatic disposable electrochemical sensors based on CuO/Co3O4@MWCNTs nanocomposite modified screen-printed electrode for the direct determination of urea
Authors: Magar Hend S. , Hassan Rabeay Y. A. , Abbas Mohammed Nooredeen
Published: February 2023

A new electrochemical impedimetric sensor for direct detection of urea was designed and fabricated using nanostructured screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with CuO/Co3O4 @MWCNTs. A facile and simple hydrothermal method was achieved for the chemical synthesis of the CuO/Co3O4 nanocomposite followed by the integration of MWCNTs to be the final platform of the urea sensor. A full physical and chemical characterization for the prepared nanomaterials were performed including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the electrochemical properties the modified electrodes with the nanomaterials at different composition ratios of the CuO/Co3O4 or MWCNTs. The impedimetric measurements were optimized to reach a picomolar sensitivity and high selectivity for urea detection. From the calibration curve, the linear concentration range of 10−12–10−2 M was obtained with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9961 and lower detection limit of 0.223 pM (S/N = 5). The proposed sensor has been used for urea analysis in real samples. Thus, the newly developed non-enzymatic sensor represents a considerable advancement in the field for urea detection, owing to the simplicity, portability, and low cost-sensor fabrication.
The distribution of blinkrate among Malawian young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mbamba Mayamiko , Mzumara Thokozani , Chisale Precious , Afonne Joseph
Published: February 2023

Blink rate is a critical sign for numerous systemic and ocular conditions in medicine, however, the literature reports varying values for the parameter. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish the cut-off blink rate value among Malawian young adults including the effects of sex and age on the parameter. This was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among students at Mzuzu University in Malawi. The study recruited 98 participants, 50% male and 50% female. The age ranged from 17–45 years. The blink rate was measured manually by observing the number of blinks per minute. The average blink rate was 16.04 (SD = 6.417) blinks per minute. The Blink rate was not significantly correlated with age (P = 0.066) and sex (P = 0.8143). Our study confirms that blink rate varies according to geographical location as a factor of different weather conditions. Moreover, we found no age and sex-related differences in blink rate.
The synergetic effect of sitafloxacin–arbekacin combination in the Mycobacterium abscessus species
Authors: Watanabe Junko , Ihara Hiroaki , Takei Satomi , Nakamura Ayako , Fujimoto Yuichi , Handoh Tetsuya , Kurokawa Kana , Arai Yuta , Shibayama Kohei , Sumiyoshi Issei , Ochi Yusuke , Okabe Takahiro , Misawa Shigeki , Togo Shinsaku , Naito Toshio , Tabe Yoko , Miida Takashi , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: February 2023

Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) is the most commonly isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and is one of the most antibiotic-resistant RGM with rapid progression, therefore, treatment of MABS is still challenging. We here presented a new combination treatment with sitafloxacin that targeted rough morphotypes of MABS, causing aggressive infections. Thirty-four clinical strains of MABS were isolated from various clinical samples at the Juntendo university hospital from 2011 to 2020. The susceptibility to a combination of sitafloxacin and antimicrobial agents was compared to that of the antimicrobial agents alone. Out of 34 MABS, 8 strains treated with sitafloxacin–amikacin combination, 9 of sitafloxacin–imipenem combination, 19 of sitafloxacin–arbekacin combination, and 9 of sitafloxacin–clarithromycin combination showed synergistic effects, respectively. Sitafloxacin–arbekacin combination also exhibited the synergistic effects against 10 of 22 Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense (Mma) strains and 8 of 11 Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus (Mab) strains, a highly resistant subspecies of MABS. The sitafloxacin–arbekacin combination revealed more synergistic effects in rough morphotypes of MABS (p = 0.008). We demonstrated the synergistic effect of the sitafloxacin–arbekacin combination against MABS. Further, this combination regimen might be more effective against Mab or rough morphotypes of MABS.
Combining thermal, tri-stereo optical and bi-static InSAR satellite imagery for lava volume estimates: the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption, La Palma
Authors: Plank Simon , Shevchenko Alina V. , d’Angelo Pablo , Gstaiger Veronika , González Pablo J. , Cesca Simone , Martinis Sandro , Walter Thomas R.
Published: February 2023

Determining outline, volume and effusion rate during an effusive volcanic eruption is crucial as it is a major controlling factor of the lava flow lengths, the prospective duration and hence the associated hazards. We present for the first time a multi-sensor thermal-and-topographic satellite data analysis for estimating lava effusion rates and volume. At the 2021 lava field of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, we combine VIIRS + MODIS thermal data-based effusion rate estimates with DSMs analysis derived from optical tri-stereo Pléiades and TanDEM-X bi-static SAR-data. This multi-sensor-approach allows to overcome limitations of single-methodology-studies and to achieve both, high-frequent observation of the relative short-term effusion rate trends and precise total volume estimates. We find a final subaerial-lava volume of $$212\times {10}^{6}\pm 13\times {10}^{6}\; \text{m}^{3}$$

212
×

10

6

±
13
×

10

6

m
3

with a MOR of 28.8 ± 1.4 m3/s. We identify an initially sharp eruption-rate-peak, followed by a gradually decreasing trend, interrupted by two short-lived-peaks in mid/end November. High eruption rate accompanied by weak seismicity was observed during the early stages of the eruption, while during later stage the lava effusion trend coincides with seismicity. This article demonstrates the geophysical monitoring of eruption rate fluctuations, that allows to speculate about changes of an underlying pathway during the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption.
Mechanical performance and thermal stability of hardened Portland cement-recycled sludge pastes containing MnFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed O. A. , El-dek S. I. , El-Gamal S. M. A.
Published: February 2023

This study focused on investigating the possibility of using different ratios (5, 10, 15 mass%) of recycled alum sludge (RAS) as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), to contribute to solving the problems encountered by cement production as well as stockpiling of large quantities of water-treated sludge waste. MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles (NMFs) were used to elaborate the mechanical characteristics and durability of different OPC-RAS blends. The outcomes of compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, and stability against firing tests fastened the suitability of utilization of RAS waste for replacing OPC (maximum limit 10%). The inclusion of different doses of NMFs nanoparticles (0.5, 1 and 2 mass %) within OPC–RAS pastes, motivates the configuration of hardened nanocomposites with improved physico-mechanical characteristics and stability against firing. Composite made from 90% OPC–10% RAS–0.5% NMFs presented the best characteristics and consider the optimal choice for general construction applications. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. affirmed the positive impact of NMFs particles, as they demonstrated the formation of enormous phases as ilvaite (CFSH), calcium silicate hydrates (CSHs), MnCSH, Nchwaningite [Mn2 SiO3(OH)2 H2O], [(Mn, Ca) Mn4O9⋅3H2O], calcium aluminosilicate hydrates (CASH), Glaucochroite [(Ca, Mn)2SiO4, and calcium ferrite hydrate (CFH). These hydrates boosted the robustness and degradation resistance of the hardened nanocomposites upon firing.
Understanding microbiome dynamics via interpretable graph representation learning
Authors: Melnyk Kateryna , Weimann Kuba , Conrad Tim O. F.
Published: February 2023

Large-scale perturbations in the microbiome constitution are strongly correlated, whether as a driver or a consequence, with the health and functioning of human physiology. However, understanding the difference in the microbiome profiles of healthy and ill individuals can be complicated due to the large number of complex interactions among microbes. We propose to model these interactions as a time-evolving graph where nodes represent microbes and edges are interactions among them. Motivated by the need to analyse such complex interactions, we develop a method that can learn a low-dimensional representation of the time-evolving graph while maintaining the dynamics occurring in the high-dimensional space. Through our experiments, we show that we can extract graph features such as clusters of nodes or edges that have the highest impact on the model to learn the low-dimensional representation. This information is crucial for identifying microbes and interactions among them that are strongly correlated with clinical diseases. We conduct our experiments on both synthetic and real-world microbiome datasets.
Energy management system in smart buildings based coalition game theory with fog platform and smart meter infrastructure
Authors: Saeed Mohammed A. , Eladl Abdelfattah A. , Alhasnawi Bilal Naji , Motahhir Saad , Nayyar Anand , Shah Mohd Asif , Sedhom Bishoy E.
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a central energy management system (EMS) in smart buildings. It is based on the coalition method for optimal energy sharing between smart buildings. Game theory is applied to obtain an optimal allocation of the building's surplus energy on the deficient energy buildings using the Shapley value, which enables the unequal energy distribution based on the energy demand. The main objective is reducing energy waste while preserving the generation/demand balance. The fog platform with memory storage is applied, which handles all the measured data from the smart buildings through Wi-Fi-based communication protocol and performs the EMS program. The smart meter links the smart buildings with the fog-based EMS central unit. Two scenarios are implemented based on the difference between total deficient and surplus energy. Coalition game theory is applied for optimal surplus energy allocation on deficient buildings when the total energy surplus is lower than the total energy deficient. Also, there is a one-to-one relationship between the surplus and deficient building; if the surplus energy is larger than the deficit, the extra surplus energy is stored for further usage. The proposed EMS is applied and tested using a smart city with 10 buildings in the MATLAB program. A comparison between the result obtained with and without applying the proposed method is performed. The performance of the fog platform is introduced based on the run and delay time and the memory size usage. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed EMS in a smart building.
Comparing bound entanglement of bell diagonal pairs of qutrits and ququarts
Authors: Popp Christopher , Hiesmayr Beatrix C.
Published: February 2023

We compare the classification as entangled or separable of Bell diagonal bipartite qudits with positive partial transposition (PPT) and their properties for different dimensions. For dimension $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

, a form of entanglement exists that is hard to detect and called bound entanglement due to the fact that such entangled states cannot be used for entanglement distillation. Up to this date, no efficient solution is known to differentiate bound entangled from separable states. We address and compare this problem named separability problem for a family of bipartite Bell diagonal qudits with special algebraic and geometric structures and applications in quantum information processing tasks in different dimensions. Extending analytical and numerical methods and results for Bell diagonal qutrits ($$d=3$$

d
=
3

), we successfully classify more than $$75\%$$

75
%

of representative Bell diagonal PPT states for $$d=4$$

d
=
4

. Via those representative states we are able to estimate the volumes of separable and bound entangled states among PPT ququarts ($$d=4$$

d
=
4

). We find that at least $$75.7\%$$

75.7
%

of all PPT states are separable, $$1.7\%$$

1.7
%

bound entangled and for $$22.6\%$$

22.6
%

it remains unclear whether they are separable or bound entangled. Comparing the structure of bound entangled states and their detectors, we find considerable differences in the detection capabilities for different dimensions and relate those to differences of the Euclidean geometry for qutrits ($$d=3$$

d
=
3

) and ququarts ($$d=4$$

d
=
4

). Finally, using a detailed visual analysis of the set of separable and bound entangled Bell diagonal states in both dimensions, qualitative observations are made that allow to better distinguish bound entangled from separable states.
Establishing a simple perfusion cell culture system for light-activated liposomes
Authors: Ilvesroiha Eija , Lauren Patrick , Uema Natsumi , Kikuchi Kanako , Takashima Yuuki , Laaksonen Timo , Lajunen Tatu
Published: February 2023

The off-target effects of light-activated or targeted liposomes are difficult to distinguish in traditional well plate experiments. Additionally, the absence of fluid flow in traditional cell models can lead to overestimation of nanoparticle uptake. In this paper, we established a perfusion cell culture platform to study light-activated liposomes and determined the effect of flow on the liposomal cell uptake. The optimal cell culturing parameters for the A549 cells under flow conditions were determined by monitoring cell viability. To determine optimal liposome treatment times, particle uptake was measured with flow cytometry. The suitability of commercial QuasiVivo flow-chambers for near-infrared light activation was assessed with a calcein release study. The chamber material did not hinder the light activation and subsequent calcein release from the liposomes. Furthermore, our results show that the standard cell culturing techniques are not directly translatable to flow cultures. For non-coated liposomes, the uptake was hindered by flow. Interestingly, hyaluronic acid coating diminished the uptake differences between the flow and static conditions. The study demonstrates that flow affects the liposomal uptake by lung cancer cell line A549. The flow also complicates the cell attachment of A549 cells. Moreover, we show that the QuasiVivo platform is suitable for light-activation studies.
Rigidity control mechanism by turgor pressure in plants
Authors: Kanahama Tohya , Tsugawa Satoru , Sato Motohiro
Published: February 2023

The bodies of herbaceous plants are slender, thin, and soft. These plants support their bodies through the action of turgor pressure associated with their internal water stores. The purpose of this study was to apply the principles of structural mechanics to clarify the underlying mechanism of rigidity control that is responsible for turgor pressure in plants and the reason behind the self-supporting ability of herbaceous plants. We modeled a plant a horizontally oriented thin-walled cylindrical cantilever with closed ends enclosing a cavity filled with water that is acted on by its own weight and by internal tension generated through turgor pressure. We derived an equation describing the plant’s consequent deflection, introducing a dimensionless parameter to express the decrease in deflection associated with the action of turgor pressure. We found that the mechanical and physical characteristics of herbaceous plants that would appear to be counter-productive from a superficial perspective increase the deflection decreasing effect of turgor pressure.
PRR11 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrates in bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Ni Wenpeng , Yi Lijuan , Dong Xiaoru , Cao Mengjie , Zheng Jinjuan , Wei Qingling , Yuan Chunlei
Published: February 2023

Abnormal proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) expression is associated with various tumors. However, there are few reports concerning PRR11 with prognostic risk, immune infiltration, or immunotherapy of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). This study is based on online databases, such as Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, LinkedOmics, TIMER, ESTIMATE and TISIDB, and BLCA data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus, we employed an array of bioinformatics methods to explore the potential oncogenic roles of PRR11, including analyzing the relationship between PRR11 and prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability, and immune cell infiltration in BLCA. The results depict that PRR11 is highly expressed in BLCA, and BLCA patients with higher PRR11 expression have worse outcomes. In addition, there was a significant correlation between PRR11 expression and TMB and tumor immune infiltration. These findings suggest that PRR11 can be used as a potential marker for BLCA patient assessment and risk stratification to improve clinical prognosis, and its potential regulatory mechanism in the BLCA tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy is worthy of further investigation.
SH2D4A promotes centrosome maturation to support spindle microtubule formation and mitotic progression
Authors: Yuki Ryuzaburo , Ikeda Yuki , Yasutake Ryuji , Saito Youhei , Nakayama Yuji
Published: February 2023

Mitotic progression requires the precise formation of spindle microtubules based on mature centrosomes. During the G2/M transition, centrosome maturation progresses, and associated microtubules bundle to form mitotic spindle fibers and capture the chromosomes for alignment at the cell equator. Mitotic kinases-induced phosphorylation signaling is necessary for these processes. Here, we identified SH2 domain-containing protein 4A (SH2D4A/PPP1R38) as a new mitotic regulator. SH2D4A knockdown delays mitotic progression. The time-lapse imaging analysis showed that SH2D4A specifically contributes to the alignment of chromosomes. The cold treatment assay and microtubule regrowth assay indicated that SH2D4A promotes microtubule nucleation to support kinetochore–microtubule attachment. This may be due to the centrosome maturation by SH2D4A via centrosomal recruitment of pericentriolar material (PCM) such as cep192, γ-tubulin, and PLK1. SH2D4A was found to be a negative regulator of PP1 phosphatase. Consistently, treatment with a PP1 inhibitor rescues SH2D4A-knockdown-induced phenotypes, including the microtubule nucleation and centrosomal recruitment of active PLK1. These results suggest that SH2D4A is involved in PCM recruitment to centrosomes and centrosome maturation through attenuation of PP1 phosphatases, accelerating the spindle formation and supporting mitotic progression.
Durable responses to alectinib in murine models of EML4-ALK lung cancer requires adaptive immunity
Authors: Kleczko Emily K. , Hinz Trista K. , Nguyen Teresa T. , Gurule Natalia J. , Navarro Andre , Le Anh T. , Johnson Amber M. , Kwak Jeff , Polhac Diana I. , Clambey Eric T. , Weiser-Evans Mary , Merrick Daniel T. , Yang Michael C. , Patil Tejas , Schenk Erin L. , Heasley Lynn E. , Nemenoff Raphael A.
Published: February 2023

Lung cancers bearing oncogenic EML4-ALK fusions respond to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; e.g., alectinib), with variation in the degree of shrinkage and duration of treatment (DOT). However, factors that control this response are not well understood. While the contribution of the immune system in mediating the response to immunotherapy has been extensively investigated, less is known regarding the contribution of immunity to TKI therapeutic responses. We previously demonstrated a positive association of a TKI-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) transcriptional response with DOT in EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Herein, we used three murine models of EML4-ALK lung cancer to test the role for host immunity in the alectinib therapeutic response. The cell lines (EA1, EA2, EA3) were propagated orthotopically in the lungs of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and treated with alectinib. Tumor volumes were serially measured by μCT and immune cell content was measured by flow cytometry and multispectral immunofluorescence. Transcriptional responses to alectinib were assessed by RNAseq and secreted chemokines were measured by ELISA. All cell lines were similarly sensitive to alectinib in vitro and as orthotopic tumors in immunocompetent mice, exhibited durable shrinkage. However, in immunodeficient mice, all tumor models rapidly progressed on TKI therapy. In immunocompetent mice, EA2 tumors exhibited a complete response, whereas EA1 and EA3 tumors retained residual disease that rapidly progressed upon termination of TKI treatment. Prior to treatment, EA2 tumors had greater numbers of CD8+ T cells and fewer neutrophils compared to EA1 tumors. Also, RNAseq of cancer cells recovered from untreated tumors revealed elevated levels of CXCL9 and 10 in EA2 tumors, and higher levels of CXCL1 and 2 in EA1 tumors. Analysis of pre-treatment patient biopsies from ALK+ tumors revealed an association of neutrophil content with shorter time to progression. Combined, these data support a role for adaptive immunity in durability of TKI responses and demonstrate that the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment is predictive of response to alectinib therapy.
Observation of distinct phase transitions in a nonlinear optical Ising machine
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Li Zhaotong , Bu Ting , Qu Chunlei , Huang Yuping
Published: February 2023

Optical Ising machines promise to solve complex optimization problems with an optical hardware acceleration advantage. Here we study the ground state properties of a nonlinear optical Ising machine realized by spatial light modulator, Fourier optics, and second-harmonic generation in a nonlinear crystal. By tuning the ratio of the light intensities at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies, we experimentally observe two distinct ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transitions: a second-order phase transition where the magnetization changes to zero continuously and a first-order phase transition where the magnetization drops to zero abruptly as the effective temperature increases. Our experimental results are corroborated by a numerical simulation based on the Monte Carlo Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, and the physical mechanism for the distinct phase transitions can be understood with a mean-field theory. Our results showcase the flexibility of the nonlinear optical Ising machine, which may find potential applications in solving combinatorial optimization problems.
Observing hydrogen sulfide in the endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells and zebrafish by using an activity-based fluorescent probe
Authors: Kafuti Yves S. , Zeng Shuang , Liu Xiaosheng , Han Jingjing , Qian Ming , Chen Qixian , Wang Jingyun , Peng Xiaojun , Yoon Juyoung , Li Haidong
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the endoplasmic reticulum of living systems could be imaged using probe ER-Nap-NBD.
Link-INVENT: generative linker design with reinforcement learning
Authors: Guo Jeff , Knuth Franziska , Margreitter Christian , Janet Jon Paul , Papadopoulos Kostas , Engkvist Ola , Patronov Atanas
Published: February 2023

Link-INVENT enables design of PROTACs, fragment linking, and scaffold hopping while satisfying multiple optimization criteria.
Peroxide-mediated selective conversion of biomass polysaccharides over high entropy sulfides via solar energy catalysis
Authors: Xu Yixue , Wang Li , Shi Zhonglian , Su Na , Li Chao , Huang Yingping , Huang Niu , Deng Yu , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Kong Xin Ying , Lin Wenjing , Zhou Ying , Ye Liqun
Published: February 2023

Biomass polysaccharides are converted over novel high-entropy sulfides (CdZnCuCoFe)Sx under mild reaction conditions via solar energy catalysis. A large amount of carbon monoxide (CO) was produced at 1.73 mmol g−1 h−1 with a high selectivity of 99.1% among the gas products.
Arsenic in Lake Geneva (Switzerland, France): long term monitoring, and redox and methylation speciation in an As unpolluted, oligo-mesotrophic lake
Authors: Filella Montserrat , Wey Sebastian , Matoušek Tomáš , Coster Mathieu , Rodríguez-Murillo Juan-Carlos , Loizeau Jean-Luc
Published: February 2023

The formation and dynamic partitioning of As species in the water column of a large oligo-mesotrophic lake is driven by biological processes.
In situ synthesis of a non-toxic cobalt–benzimidazole metal–organic framework decorated reduced graphene oxide composite for asymmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors: Elanthamilan Elaiyappillai , Ganeshkumar Arumugam , Wang Sea-Fue , Rajaram Rajendran
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of non-toxic cobalt-benzimidazole metal–organic framework decorated reduced graphene oxide composite for asymmetric supercapacitor applications.
Molecular design of dual-emission rhodamine analogs
Authors: Wu Xia , Gao Ying , Chi Weijie , Wang Chao , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang
Published: February 2023

We revealed the molecular origin of low quantum yields in the closed-form rhodamines and proposed a design method to enhance their emissions. Such dual-emission rhodamine analogs have potential applications in advanced bioimaging and biosensing.
Universal properties of metal-supported oxide films from linear scaling relationships: elucidation of mechanistic origins of strong metal–support interactions
Authors: Sawant Kaustubh J. , Zeng Zhenhua , Greeley Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2023

General principles of Strong Metal–Support Interactions (SMSI) overlayer formation have been elucidated using predictive models derived from ultrathin (hydroxy)oxide films on transition metal substrates.
Multi‐state unified calculation model of rail potential and stray current in DC railway systems
Authors: Du Guifu , Zheng Zixuan , Li Qiaoyue , Xu Fengchuan , Zhang Tianye , Zhang Dongliang , Zhang Xiaoping , Huang Weiguo
Published: February 2023

In order to calculate the dynamic distribution of rail potential and stray current accurately, a multi‐state unified calculation model of rail potential and stray current is proposed, and the characteristics of different protection devices and reflux system in multi‐state DC railway systems are analysed. In the proposed model, the multi‐state characteristics of the traction substation, train, protection devices and reflux system are uniformly simulated by unified node models. The mixed simulation parameters of the catenary and reflux system are unified to lumped parameter networks, and the multi‐node voltage equations are established based on the simulation model. Then, the power flow of DC railway systems is calculated using an iterative solution, and the dynamic distribution of rail potential and stray current are solved by differential equations. The multi‐state unified calculation model is built and the distribution of rail potential and stray current in different conditions are simulated based on the parameters of Wuxi Subway Line 2. In order to verify the multi‐state unified calculation model proposed, field tests and simulations are carried out. Results show that the multi‐state unified calculation model can unify the complex states of DC railway systems and calculate the distribution of rail potential and stray current accurately.
Industrial anomaly detection with multiscale autoencoder and deep feature extractor‐based neural network
Authors: Tang Ta‐Wei , Hsu Hakiem , Li Kuan‐Ming
Published: February 2023

With the maturity of deep learning image recognition technology and the popularity of automated production lines, deep learning industrial anomaly detection has become an important research topic in recent years. In this study, an anomaly detection model with a multi‐scale autoencoder and deep feature extractor is proposed. This model was confirmed to obtain the highest area under the curve (AUC) in 14 of the 17 industrial detection tasks. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that an appropriate threshold of the proposed model exists, which can achieve a low false‐positive rate and maintain a high true‐positive rate. Furthermore, the influence of different feature extractors on the method is discussed. It was shown that the proposed method can maintain good detection ability with most of the feature extractor. Therefore, it is suitable for industrial optical inspection systems with different hardware conditions.
Robust cooperative train trajectory optimization with stochastic delays under virtual coupling
Authors: Wang Pengling , Zhu Yongqiu , Zhu Wei
Published: February 2023

Virtual coupling technology was recently proposed in railways, which separates trains by a relative braking distance (or even shorter distance) and moves trains synchronously to increase capacity at bottlenecks. This study proposes a real‐time cooperative train trajectory planning algorithm for coordinating train movements under virtual coupling by considering stochastic initial delays. The algorithm uses mixed‐integer programming models to estimate the delay propagation among trains, detect feasible coupled‐running locations, and optimize the trajectories of the two trains such that they coordinate their speeds to achieve energy‐efficient, punctual movements, as well as a safe coupled‐running process. A robust optimization method is proposed to capture the stochastic delays as an uncertainty set, which is reformulated to its dual problem. Case studies of planning train trajectories for the classical virtual‐coupling scenario suggest that (1) the coupled‐running distance is greatly affected by the coordination of train timetables, delays, and safe separation constraints at switches; (2) the coordination of train movements for a coupled‐running process imposes extra energy costs; and (3) the proposed method can detect feasible coupled‐running locations and produce cooperative speed profiles in short computational times.
Retracted: Optimization of E‐commerce platform marketing method and comment recognition model based on deep learning and intelligent blockchain
Authors: Cheng Tao , Li Lianjiang
Published: February 2023

Retraction: [Tao Cheng, Lianjiang Li, Optimization of E‐commerce platform marketing method and comment recognition model based on deep learning and intelligent blockchain, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12117)].

The above article from IET Software, published online on 3 February 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Modified models of radiation pressure instability applied to 10, 105, and 107 M⊙ accreting black holes
Authors: Śniegowska Marzena , Grzȩdzielski Mikołaj , Czerny Bożena , Janiuk Agnieszka
Published: February 2023

Context. Some accreting black holes exhibit much stronger variability patterns than the usual stochastic variations. Radiation pressure instability is one of the proposed mechanisms that might account for this effect.

Aims. We model luminosity changes for objects with a black hole mass of 10, 105, and 107 solar masses, using the time-dependent evolution of an accretion disk that is unstable as a result of the dominant radiation pressure. We concentrate on the outburst timescales. We explore the influence of the hot coronal flow above the cold disk, the inner purely hot flow, and the effect of the magnetic field on the time evolution of the disk-corona system. For intermediate-mass black holes and active galactic nuclei, we also explore the role of the disk outer radius because a disk that is fed by tidal disruption events (TDE) can be quite small.

Methods. We used a 1D vertically integrated time-dependent numerical scheme that models the simultaneous evolution of the disk and corona, which is coupled by the vertical mass exchange. We parameterized the strength of the large-scale toroidal magnetic fields according to a local accretion rate. We also discuss a possible inner optically thin flow, the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). This flow would require modification of the inner boundary condition of the cold disk flow. For the set of the global parameters, we calculated the variability timescales and outburst amplitudes of the disk and the corona.

Results. We found that the role of the inner ADAF and the accreting corona are relatively unimportant, but the outburst character strongly depends on the magnetic field and on the outer radius of the disk if this radius is smaller (due to the TDE phenomenon) than the size of the instability zone in a stationary disk with infinite radius. For microquasars, the dependence on the magnetic field is monotonic, and the period decreases with the field strength. For higher black hole masses, the dependence is nonmonotonic, and an initial rise of the period is later replaced with a relatively rapid decrease as the magnetic field continues to rise. A still stronger magnetic field stabilizes the disk. When we assumed a smaller disk outer radiusfor 105 and 107 M⊙, the outbursts were shorter and led to complex multiscale outbursts for some parameters, thus approaching the behavior of deterministic chaos.

Conclusions. Our computations confirm that the radiation pressure instability model can account for heartbeat states in microquasars. The rapid variability detected in intermediate-mass black holes in the form of quasi-periodic eruptions can be consistent with the model, but only when it is combined with the TDE phenomenon. The yearly repeating variability in changing-look active galactic nuclei in our model also requires a small outer radius either due to the recent TDE or due to the gap in the disk that is related to a secondary black hole.
Searching for the nature of stars with debris disks and planets
Authors: de la Reza R. , Chavero C. , Roca-Fàbrega S. , Llorente de Andrés F. , Cruz P. , Cifuentes C.
Published: February 2023

The nature of the few known solar-mass stars simultaneously containing debris disks and planets remains an open question. A number of works have shown that this property appears to be independent of planetary masses as well as of stellar age, but possible correlations with stellar kinematics and metallicity have not been investigated. In this paper, we show that the majority of known stars containing both debris disks and planets belong to the metal-enriched Galactic thin disk. The few exceptions are stars that seem to be born in the star formation peak occurring in times of thick disk formation (i.e., HD 10700, HD 20794, and HD 40307), that is, between 11 and

8 Gyr. The mass of the dusty disk of these three old stars measured at 70 μm is very small - in fact, it is lower than that of the Kuiper belt of our Solar system by several orders of magnitude. These results are not surprising, as they remain within the values expected for the stellar disk evolution of such primitive stars. In parallel, we found another six thick-disk stars containing only debris disks or planets. These results enable us to establish a correlation between stellar metallicity and the mass of the dust disk modulated by the different formation epochs of the thick and thin Galactic disks.
Erfolgreiche Interventionelle Therapie eines Patienten mit nichtzirrhotischer nichtmaligner Pfortaderthrombose mit lokaler Lyse
Authors: Dannecker Frank David , Aschenbach Rene , Teichgräber Ulf , Reuken Phillipp , Stallmach Andreas , Zipprich Alexander
Published: February 2023

Die NCNMPT ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild mit einer Prävalenz von 0,3%.

Therapie Patient (69 J.) mit NCNMPT und Dünndarmileus erhielt
eine interventionelle Therapie mittels transjugulärer lokaler Lyse in die V. mesenterica
superior.

Ergebnis/Diskussion Erfolgreiche Lyse mit kompletter Remission.
Verbesserte therapeutische Effektivität der interventionellen gegenüber der alleinigen
medikamentösen Therapie.
Transethosomes: A Promising Challenge for Topical Delivery Short
Title: Transethosomes for Topical Delivery
Authors: Adnan Mohammad , Haider Md. Faheem , Naseem Nazish , Haider Tanweer
Published: February 2023

Skin provides an excellent barrier to molecular transport, as the stratum corneum
is the most formidable barrier to the passage of most pharmaceuticals. Various
attempts have been made to improve drug administration into the body through
intact skin. Though very few routes are as attractive as the topical route, drug
transport through the skin is challenging. To overcome the challenges,
researchers have found a system in which the drug is encapsulated into the
vesicle, penetrating deeper into the skin to hit the target site. Vesicular
systems like transethosome, an ultra- deformable vesicle (UDV), tend to
accumulate in the skin layers. Since transethosomes have small particle size and
can easily alter the shape of vesicles compared to other vesicular systems, they
can penetrate through the layers of skin. Hence, the drug encapsulated into
transethosomes can easily reach the target site. Transethosomes consist of
ethanol and phospholipids along with an edge activator. Ethanol and edge
activator help to enhance the skin permeation of transethosomes. Various methods
of preparation of transethosomes, comparison of transethosomes with other lipid
vesicles, characterization of transethosomes, and application of transethosomes
have been covered in this review. Transethosomes can deliver a different variety
of drugs, such as anticancer, corticosteroids, proteins and peptides,
analgesics
Akute nekrotisierende Pankreatitis mit hämorrhagischem Schock bei sekundärer Milzruptur: Ein Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Kaiser Leon , Petzold Golo , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali , Ellenrieder Volker , Neesse Albrecht , Ammer-Herrmenau Christoph
Published: February 2023

Die atraumatische Milzruptur ist eine seltene Komplikation der akuten und chronischen Pankreatitis. Sie entsteht aufgrund ihrer anatomischen Nähe zum Pankreas, beispielsweise als Folge der Erosion großer Pseudozysten oder Walled-of-Nekrosen (WON).

Im Folgenden beschreiben wir den Fall einer 62-jährigen Patientin, welche sich zur weiteren Diagnostik und Therapie einer akuten Pankreatitis mit Ausbildung einer großen Walled-of-Nekrose (WON) im Pankreaskorpus und -schwanz vorstellte. Im Verlauf entwickelte die Patientin einen hämorrhagischen Schock. Eine Notfall-Computertomografie (CT) des Abdomens zeigte eine Milzruptur mit großem Kapselhämatom ohne den Nachweis einer aktiven Blutung. Im Gegensatz zu bereits publizierten Fällen wurde die Patientin ausschließlich minimalinvasiv therapiert: mittels radiologisch gesteuerter langstreckiger Embolisation der Arteria lienalis und mittels endosonografisch angelegtem Lumen-apposing Metall Stent (LAMS). Das Kapselhämatom zeigte sich unter einer Watch-and-wait-Strategie ohne sekundäre Drainage regredient.
HPLC-UV/VIS for Determination of Ipratropium Bromide Mixed
with Salbuterol, Beclomethasone Propionate and Budesonide using Dual
Wavelength-Detection Method
Authors: Haihua Guo , Rui Zhang , Liangjun Deng , Meng Li , Sha Li , Suqing Zhao
Published: February 2023

Background Inhalation preparation involves liquid or solid raw materials
for delivering to lungs as aerosol or vapor. The liquid preparation for
nebulizer is effective for convenient use and patient compliance and it has been
extensively used in the treatment of clinical lung diseases. Clinical staff
often mixes the compound ipratropium bromide with beclomethasone propionate and
budesonide inhaler but reference values of inhalants for clinical use need to be
established for simplifying the operation procedure. The high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) method of compound ipratropium bromide solution,
beclomethasone propionate suspension and budesonide suspension after mixed
atomization was studied.

Methods The specificity, linearity, recovery (accuracy), precision and
stability of compound ipratropium bromide, beclomethasone propionate and
budesonide were tested to verify the developed liquid phase method.

Results The developed liquid phase method had high specificity, linear
R2≥0,999, recovery (accuracy) RSD (relative standard deviation) less
than 2%, precision RSD less than 2,0%, and stability RSD less
than 2,0%.

Conclusion The liquid phase methodology developed in this study can be
used for the determination of compound ipratropium bromide mixed with
beclomethasone propionate and budesonide. The current methodology can also be
used to provide a reference for the determination of its content after mixing,
and further data support for its clinical medication.
Prolonged patency of fully covered self-expandable metal stents with an externally anchored plastic stent in distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Chun Jung Won , Woo Sang Myung , Han Mira , Lee Min Woo , Choi Jin Ho , Cho In Rae , Paik Woo Hyun , Lee Woo Jin , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae , Lee Sang Hyub
Published: February 2023

Background Fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) are widely used for endoscopic treatment of distal malignant biliary obstruction (dMBO). We aimed to assess the efficacy of anchoring an external plastic stent to an FCSEMS in dMBO.

Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with dMBO to compare stent patency between FCSEMSs and FCSEMSs with an externally anchored plastic stent (EPS). For external anchoring, a 7-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent (DPPS) was placed first in the bile duct, then an FCSEMS was deployed side-by-side.

Results Among a total of 185 patients, 65 had an FCSEMS alone and 120 had an FCSEMS with an EPS. The median stent patency was significantly longer in the FCSEMS with an EPS group than in the FCSEMS only group (342 vs. 240 days; P = 0.04). The rate of stent migration was significantly lower in the FCSEMS with an EPS group than in the FCSEMS only group (10.8 % vs. 27.7 %; P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of stent occlusion and adverse events between the two groups.

Conclusions A novel and simple technique of anchoring an external plastic stent may decrease the risk of FCSEMS migration and prolong stent patency, without significantly increasing the adverse events rate in dMBO.