bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic constituents and a new hydroxycinnamic acid derivative from Leontodon saxatilis (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)
Authors: Ҫiҫek Serhat Sezai , Willer Johanna , Preziuso Francesca , Sönnichsen Frank , Greil Richard , Girreser Ulrich , Zidorn Christian , Jöhrer Karin
Published: March 2021

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Leontodon saxatilis yielded six compounds with antimyeloma activity as well as crepidiaside A as a chemophenetic marker and 5-feruloyl-2α-hydroxyquinic acid as a new hydroxycinnamic acid derivative.
The reverse water gas shift reaction: a process systems engineering perspective
Authors: González-Castaño Miriam , Dorneanu Bogdan , Arellano-García Harvey
Published: March 2021

RWGS reaction thermodynamics, mechanisms and kinetics. Process design and process intensification – from lab scale to industrial applications and CO2 value chains. Pathways for further improvement of catalytic systems, reactor and process design.
Efficient discrimination of transplutonium actinides by in vivo models
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , An Dahlia D. , Deblonde Gauthier J.-P. , Kullgren Birgitta , Gauny Stacey S. , Jarvis Erin E. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: March 2021

Transplutonium actinides are among the heaviest elements whose macroscale chemical properties can be experimentally tested.
Phase formation through synthetic control: polymorphism in the sodium-ion solid electrolyte Na4P2S6
Authors: Scholz Tanja , Schneider Christian , Eger Roland , Duppel Viola , Moudrakovski Igor , Schulz Armin , Nuss Jürgen , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: March 2021

The targeted synthesis of the α- and β-like polymorph of Na4P2S6, characterization of subtle structural changes, and the impact on sodium-ion diffusion is demonstrated.
Superhydrophobic gradient wrinkle strain sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and broad strain range for motion monitoring
Authors: Chu Zhenming , Jiao Weicheng , Huang Yifan , Zheng Yongting , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong
Published: March 2021

A graphene-based gradient wrinkle strain sensor with a broad range and ultra-high sensitivity was fabricated by a simple pre-stretching method. It can be applied to the detection of full-range human body motions.
BiOClBr-coated fabrics with enhanced antimicrobial properties under ambient light
Authors: Khin Mya Mya , Bao Yueping , Liang Yen Nan , Setyawati Magdiel I. , Gnayem Hani , Ng Kee Woei , Sasson Yoel , Hu Xiao
Published: March 2021

Fabric coated with flower-like BiOClBr particles that disinfects bacteria under ambient light.
Pixelated full-colour small molecule semiconductor devices towards artificial retinas
Authors: Skhunov M. , Solodukhin A. N. , Giannakou P. , Askew L. , Luponosov Yu. N. , Balakirev D. O. , Kalinichenko N. K. , Marko I. P. , Sweeney S. J. , Ponomarenko S. A.
Published: March 2021

Variable bandgap conjugated donor–acceptor small molecule thin films show absorption spectra similar to those of human eye's photoreceptors. Photoactive devices interfaced with a bio-electrolyte reveal capacitive photocurrent response making them suitable for future full-colour retinal prosthesis.
Ultralong-lived room temperature phosphorescence from N and P codoped self-protective carbonized polymer dots for confidential information encryption and decryption
Authors: Wang Zifei , Shen Jian , Sun Jiazhen , Xu Bin , Gao Zhenhua , Wang Xue , Yan Liting , Zhu Chaofeng , Meng Xiangeng
Published: March 2021

N and P codoped carbonized polymer dots (NP-CPDs) exhibit a relatively long RTP decay time over 23 s among most carbon dot-based RTP materials reported thus far. Such NP-CPDs are applied to illustrate applications in information security.
N-Doping improves charge transport and morphology in the organic non-fullerene acceptor O-IDTBR
Authors: Paterson Alexandra F. , Li Ruipeng , Markina Anastasia , Tsetseris Leonidas , MacPhee Sky , Faber Hendrik , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Panidi Julianna , Bristow Helen , Wadsworth Andrew , Baran Derya , Andrienko Denis , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: March 2021

Charge transport in organic non-fullerene acceptor n-type organic transistors is improved by synergistic doping effects and morphological changes.
Synthesis and application of a 19F-labeled fluorescent nucleoside as a dual-mode probe for i-motif DNAs
Authors: Wee Wen Ann , Yum Ji Hye , Hirashima Shingo , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Park Soyoung
Published: March 2021

We report on the first bifunctional cytidine-based probe (FPdC) that displays high quantum yield and sensitive 19F NMR signal. FPdC was used to investigate a noncanonical DNA structure, and displayed significant response to i-motif formation.
Four anionic Ln-MOFs for remarkable separation of C2H2–CH4/CO2–CH4 and highly sensitive sensing of nitrobenzene
Authors: Zhan Cai-Hong , Huang Dan-Ping , Wang Yu , Mao Wei-Tao , Wang Xiao-Juan , Jiang Zhan-Guo , Feng Yun-Long
Published: March 2021

Ln-MOFs with open metal active sites and Lewis basic nitrogen atoms show highly sensitive sensing of nitrobenzene and remarkable separations of C2H2–CH4/CO2–CH4.
Adsorption and reaction pathways of 7-octenoic acid on copper
Authors: Bavisotto Robert , Rana Resham , Hopper Nicholas , Olson Dustin , Tysoe Wilfred T.
Published: March 2021

The surface chemistry of 7-octenoic acid was studied on a clean copper substrate in ultrahigh vacuum using a combination of surface science techniques and is supplemented by first-principles density functional theory calculations.
Aggregates of polar dyes: beyond the exciton model
Authors: Anzola Mattia , Painelli Anna
Published: March 2021

Optical spectra of aggregates of polar dyes are discussed, fully accounting for polarizability of the dyes and for the coupling of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom.
Liquid atomic layer deposition as emergent technology for the fabrication of thin films
Authors: Graniel Octavio , Puigmartí-Luis Josep , Muñoz-Rojas David
Published: March 2021

Liquid atomic layer deposition (LALD) has emerged as a complementary technology of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to help overcome some of the challenges currently faced from working in the gas-phase.
Operandoanalysis of graphite intercalation compounds with fluoride-containing polyatomic anions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ito Yuta , Miyahara Yuto , Yokoyama Yuko , Kondo Yasuyuki , Abe Takeshi , Miyazaki Kohei
Published: March 2021

Affinity of fluoride-containing polyatomic anions for the formation of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) in aqueous solutions was investigated byoperandoanalysis.
An efficient photo-chemo combination therapeutic platform based on targeted reduction-responsive self-crosslinked polymer nanocapsules
Authors: Qi Shengbei , Liu Chaoyong , Qin Meng , Tao Cheng , Liu Jie , Le Yuan , Wang Jiexin , Zhang Jianjun , Lu Yunfeng
Published: March 2021

An efficient photo-chemo combination therapeutic platform based on targeted reduction-responsive self-crosslinked four-arm PEG-PPS-cRGD nanocapsules was developed for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.
Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity and durability of Pt nanoparticles deposited on graphene-coated alumina nanofibres
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Kongi Nadezda , Treshchalov Alexey , Kahro Tauno , Rähn Mihkel , Merisalu Maido , Tamm Aile , Sammelselg Väino , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: March 2021

High ORR activity and durability of Pt nanoparticles deposited on graphenated alumina nanofibers by plasma-assisted synthesis and sonoelectrochemical methods are demonstrated.
One-pot synthesis of linear triblock terpolymers and their aqueous self-assembly
Authors: Ahmed Eman , Womble C. Tyler , Cho Jinwon , Dancel-Manning Kristen , Rice William J. , Jang Seung Soon , Weck Marcus
Published: March 2021

Compartmentalized micelles are prepared through the self-assembly of linear triblock terpolymers containing hydrophilic (H), lipophilic (L), and fluorophilic (F) domains.
Effects of high magnetic field annealing on FePt nanoparticles with shape-anisotropy and element-distribution-anisotropy
Authors: Wu Chun , Jiang Yanan , Niu Zhiyuan , Zhao Dong , Pei Wenli , Wang Kai , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2021

The concave-cube FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with shape-anisotropy and element-distribution-anisotropy were annealed under a high magnetic field (HMF).
Nucleation of diamond films on heterogeneous substrates: a review
Authors: Mandal Soumen
Published: March 2021

Growth of diamond film on heterogeneous substrates assisted by nucleation/seeding.
Copper–zinc oxide heterojunction catalysts exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity prepared by a hybrid deposition method
Authors: Montero José , Welearegay Tesfalem , Thyr Jakob , Stopfel Henry , Dedova Tatjana , Acik Ilona Oja , Österlund Lars
Published: March 2021

Hybrid synthesis of Cu2O/ZnO nanorod heterojunction exhibiting enhanced interfacial charge transfer and photocatalytic activity comprising hydrothermal synthesis step of ZnO nanorods followed by advanced gas deposition of Cu nanoparticles.
The use of sample positioning to control defect creation by oxygen plasma in isotopically labelled bilayer graphene membranes
Authors: Guerra Valentino L. P. , Valeš Václav , Mikšátko Jiří , Plšek Jan , Drogowska-Horná Karolina Anna , Volochanskyi Oleksandr , Kalbáč Martin
Published: March 2021

Monolayer and isotopically labelled bilayer graphene membranes were prepared on grids for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Density-functional study of pressure-induced phase transitions and electronic properties of Zn2V2O7
Authors: Díaz-Anichtchenko Daniel , Gracia Lourdes , Errandonea Daniel
Published: March 2021

Phase transitions induced by pressure in zinc pyrovanadate have been understood using density-functional theory calculations. Consequences of structural changes on electronic properties are discussed.
In situ construction of pollen-petal-like heterostructured Co3O4–CeO2 on 3D FeNi3 foam as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Maosheng , Chen Tao , Zhang Wenxiu , Wei Shuang , Cheng Yujun , Liu Jingquan
Published: March 2021

In situ construction of pollen-petal-like and heterostructured Co3O4–CeO2 on 3D FeNi3 foam as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting.
Translocation of a looped polymer threading through a nanopore
Authors: Chen Jia , Chen Xian , Sun Li-Zhen , Xu Xiao-Jun , Luo Meng-Bo
Published: March 2021

Translocation of looped polymers shows six translocation pathways with different probabilities, translocation times, and current blockade profiles. The translocation of a looped polymer is different from linear or pristine loop polymers.
Measuring the effective surface tension of a floating liquid marble using X-ray imaging
Authors: Ooi Chin Hong , Singha Pradip , Nguyen Nhat-Khuong , An Hongjie , Nguyen Van Thuong , Nguyen Anh V. , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: March 2021

Liquid marbles are non-wetting droplets coated with microscopic powder. We measure the effective surface tension of a liquid marble using X-ray which reveals the hidden liquid–solid interface. A systematic curve fitting procedure is also provided.
Double-network hydrogels with adjustable surface morphology and multifunctional integration for flexible strain sensors
Authors: Yu Yang , Xie Fengjin , Gao Xinpei , Zheng Liqiang
Published: March 2021

The next generation of high-performance flexible electronics has put forward new demands on the development of ionic conductive hydrogels.
Titanium and fluorine synergetic modification improves the electrochemical performance of Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2
Authors: Si Zheng , Shi Baozhao , Huang Jin , Yu Ye , Han You , Zhang Jinli , Li Wei
Published: March 2021

Ti4+ and F− co-dopants expand the lattice spacing of Ni-rich cathode materials and form ultra-thin rock salt phases on the surface of the cathode, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.
Effect of Mg2+ substitution on the photocatalytic water splitting activity of LaMgxNb1−xO1+3xN2−3x
Authors: Seo Jeongsuk , Ishizuka Daisaku , Hisatomi Takashi , Takata Tsuyoshi , Domen Kazunari
Published: March 2021

A series of LaMgxNb1−xO1+3xN2−3x solid solutions (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) was synthesized in an attempt to modify the band structures and improve the overall water splitting activity of these compounds.
Interfacial atomic Ni tetragon intercalation in a NiO2-to-Pd hetero-structure triggers superior HER activity to the Pt catalyst
Authors: Li Haolin , Dai Sheng , Bhalothia Dinesh , Hu Alice , Chou Jyh-Pin , Chen Tsan-Yao
Published: March 2021

Electron relocation pumps charge from Niviatensile strain of doped Ni tetragons, compression strain of surrounding Pd atoms and the inherent electronegative difference, thus promising prominent hydrogen evolution efficiency for the Pd surface.
Polytriptycene@CdS double shell hollow spheres with enhanced interfacial charge transfer for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liang Qian , Liu Lijuan , Wu Zhenyu , Nie Haodong , Shi Hong , Li Zhongyu , Kang Zhenhui
Published: March 2021

Double shell hollow spheres show highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and excellent stability.
Highly stable titanium–manganese single flow batteries for stationary energy storage
Authors: Qiao Lin , Xie Congxin , Nan Mingjun , Zhang Huamin , Ma Xiangkun , Li Xianfeng
Published: March 2021

A titanium–manganese single flow battery with low cost is designed for the first time and exhibits high efficiency and long life.
Influence of synthetic pathway, molecular weight and side chains on properties of indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole copolymers made by direct arylation polycondensation
Authors: Adamczak Desiree , Perinot Andrea , Komber Hartmut , Illy Anna , Hultmark Sandra , Passarella Bianca , Tan Wen Liang , Hutsch Sebastian , Becker-Koch David , Rapley Charlotte , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Heeney Martin , Vaynzof Yana , Ortmann Frank , McNeill Christopher R. , Müller Christian , Caironi Mario , Sommer Michael
Published: March 2021

Poly(indacenodithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) with different side chains and molecular weight is made using two different pathways in which all C–C coupling steps are achieved by C–H activation, and the products are comprehensively investigated.
Principles and practice of determining metal–protein affinities
Authors: Young Tessa R. , Xiao Zhiguang
Published: March 2021

Metal ions play many critical roles in biology, as structural and catalytic cofactors, and as cell regulatory and signalling elements. The metal–protein affinity, expressed conveniently by the metal dissociation constant, KD, describes the thermodynamic strength of a metal–protein interaction and is a key parameter that can be used, for example, to understand how proteins may acquire metals in a cell and to identify dynamic elements (e.g. cofactor binding, changing metal availabilities) which regulate protein metalation in vivo. Here, we outline the fundamental principles and practical considerations that are key to the reliable quantification of metal–protein affinities. We review a selection of spectroscopic probes which can be used to determine protein affinities for essential biological transition metals (including Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) and, using selected examples, demonstrate how rational probe selection combined with prudent experimental design can be applied to determine accurate KD values.
Examining the Relationship Between Speech Recognition and a Spectral–Temporal Test With a Mixed Group of Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Aronoff Justin M. , Duitsman Leah , Matusik Deanna K. , Hussain Senad , Lippmann Elise
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Audiology clinics have a need for a nonlinguistic test for assessing speech scores for patients using hearing aids or cochlear implants. One such test, the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test Lite for computeRless Measurement (SLRM), has been developed for use in clinics, but it, as well as the related Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test, has primarily been assessed with cochlear implant users. The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between SLRM and the Arizona Biomedical Institute Sentence Test (AzBio) for a mixed group of hearing aid and cochlear implant users.

Method

Adult hearing aid users and cochlear implant users were tested with SLRM, AzBio in quiet, and AzBio in multitalker babble with a +8 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results

SLRM scores correlated with both AzBio recognition scores in quiet and in noise.

Conclusions

The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between SLRM and AzBio scores when testing a mixed group of cochlear implant and hearing aid users. This suggests that SLRM may be a useful nonlinguistic test for use with individuals with a variety of hearing devices.
Effects of Background Noise on Speech and Language in Young Adults
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Dromey Christopher , Nelson Brenna , Chapman Kacy
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate how different types of background noise that differ in their level of linguistic content affect speech acoustics, speech fluency, and language production for young adult speakers when performing a monologue discourse task.

Method

Forty young adults monologued by responding to open-ended questions in a silent baseline and five background noise conditions (debate, movie dialogue, contemporary music, classical music, and pink noise). Measures related to speech acoustics (intensity and frequency), speech fluency (speech rate, pausing, and disfluencies), and language production (lexical, morphosyntactic, and macrolinguistic structure) were analyzed and compared across conditions. Participants also reported on which conditions they perceived as more distracting.

Results

All noise conditions resulted in some change to spoken language compared with the silent baseline. Effects on speech acoustics were consistent with expected changes due to the Lombard effect (e.g., increased intensity and fundamental frequency). Effects on speech fluency showed decreased pausing and increased disfluencies. Several background noise conditions also seemed to interfere with language production.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that young adults present with both compensatory and interference effects when speaking in noise. Several adjustments may facilitate intelligibility when noise is present and help both speaker and listener maintain attention on the production. Other adjustments provide evidence that background noise eliciting linguistic interference has the potential to degrade spoken language even for healthy young adults, because of increased cognitive demands.
Technological innovations for green production: The Green Foundry case study
Authors: Saetta Stefano , Caldarelli Valentina
Published: March 2021

Technological innovations aim to improve manufacturing processes. In recent times, ever‐increasing attention to economic, social and above all, environmental sustainability, suggests that technological innovations are techniques not only for reducing costs but also for improving company sustainability. This includes the foundry industry, which is presented with the need for technological changes that improve processes but also satisfy environmental and climate regulations. This case study attempts to analyse the technological changes necessary not only to optimise production processes but also to make them more sustainable. Starting from the introduction of a new production process that aims to reduce environmental impact, the necessary plant changes are analysed. These changes concern various areas: the introduction of new machinery, lean techniques for inventory management and management modes of production waste material. The paper analyses these changes and demonstrates the need to act in several areas to make a production process that is sustainable from an economic, social and environmental point of view.
Adaptive iterative error recovery detection algorithm for uplink massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems
Authors: Wu Wenxiu , Jiang Xueqin , Hou Jia
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an error recovery (ER) detection based on the lattice reduction (LR) algorithm with adaptive iteration is presented for uplink massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems to obtain an improved bit error rate (BER) performance, especially when the number of active users increases. In the proposed algorithm, as the result of LR pre‐processing, a larger diagonally dominant index (DDI) is used to measure the diagonal dominance of gram matrix for the initialisation of the ER detection. In addition, the larger DDI could be further used to realise adaptive iteration, which helps to strike a trade‐off between the BER performance and the computational complexity. Moreover, two properties of the DDI are derived, and the simulation results show that the larger DDI leads to better detection performance, and it could be widely applied to linear elimination and MIMO detection algorithms.
Non‐linear adaptive tracking control for quadrotor aerial robots under uncertain dynamics
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chen , Ou Tsung‐Wei
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the design, analysis, and implementation of an adaptive backstepping controller for underactuated quadrotors to track time‐varying trajectories with parameter uncertainties. Quadrotor systems are subject to complicated non‐linearity and coupling dynamics, so the ignorance of parameter uncertainties may cause performance degradation and even instability. With the concept of nominal input, the uncertain mass and inertia are decoupled from the lifting force and moment torque. By utilizing the backstepping technique, the design procedure with adaptive laws for dynamic parameters is proposed to ensure stability and convergence of tracking errors to the origin asymptotically. The proposed control scheme is extended to control a quadrotor with velocity motor input while the motor coefficients and geometric parameters are handled by the adaptive laws. A trajectory generation for the proposed adaptive tracking controller is addressed subsequently. The proposed controller requires only the position and orientation of the quadrotor with the twice‐differentiable trajectories, while previous work demanded acceleration information. Simulation and experimental results are illustrated to show the efficacy of tracking performance for object transportation.
Robustification of fault detection algorithm in a three‐phase induction motor using MCSA for various single and multiple faults
Authors: Kompella K. C. Deekshit , Rongala Naga Sreenivasu , Rayapudi Srinivasa Rao , Mannam Venu Gopala Rao
Published: March 2021

Fault diagnosis in induction machines, particularly at a premature stage, has become necessary to avoid unexpected interruption of the industrial process. Moreover, a reliable and cost‐effective fault detection process is highly essential to avoid inappropriate shut down of the machine. Thus, a critical comparison is done between two popular pre‐fault component cancellation techniques and a reliability test is performed to develop a robust algorithm for fault diagnosis in three‐phase induction motor. To achieve this, various single and multiple faults experienced by induction motor are created and tested to examine the effectiveness of developed algorithm. Evaluation of the proposed topology based on motor current signature analysis is done by repeating the process for several times and tested for consistency. As a part of this, various feature extraction parameters are computed and compared to identify the best estimate of fault and its seriousness. The proposed technique is examined in MATLAB and LabVIEW environment and experiments on a three‐phase, 1.5‐kW induction motor.
Open‐circuit fault‐tolerant operation of permanent magnet synchronous generator drives for wind turbine systems using a computationally efficient model predictive current control
Authors: Jlassi Imed , Marques Cardoso Antonio J.
Published: March 2021

Model predictive fault‐tolerant current control (MPFTCC) of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drives can make a valuable contribution to improving the reliability and availability levels of wind turbines, because back‐to‐back (BTB) converters are prone to failure. However, MPFTCC suffers from excessive computational burden, because the BTB converter is treated as one system where all feasible voltage vectors (VVs) are used for prediction and evaluation. Accordingly, a computationally efficient MPFTCC algorithm for a PMSG drive is developed and proposed with the ability to handle insulated‐gate bipolar transistor open‐circuit faults. The candidate VVs of both machine‐ and grid‐side converters are separately predicted and evaluated, which significantly reduces calculation effort. The proposed reconfigurable converter is a five‐leg power converter with a common leg that connects the generator first phase to the grid three‐phase, ensuring proper postfault reconfiguration of the grid‐side inverter. Moreover, a three‐switch rectifier is adopted to achieve fault tolerance of the PMSG‐side rectifier. Performance of the considered MPFTCC strategies is evaluated by experimental means.
Regularised dynamic optimal transportation of electric vehicles over networks considering strategic charging pricing
Authors: Feng Rui , Czarkowski Dariusz
Published: March 2021

A dynamic optimal transport problem of electric vehicles (EVs) over a network is investigated. The EVs are considered to be transported from their initial locations to the destination nodes for charging purposes. In our framework, the operators of charging stations are strategic, and each of them designs their charging pricing optimally to maximise the revenue. Since EVs play an essential role as power loads at the charging stations, the designed transport strategy by the EV operator has an impact on the market energy price which in turn influences the charging prices. Therefore, to design an efficient transport plan, the EV operator needs to take into account its influence on the charging pricing and the market energy price due to their complex interplay. To achieve this goal, a unified framework is proposed for optimal EV transportation by considering factors including the delay, charging cost, and real‐time social demand of EVs over a finite‐time horizon. The balanced dynamic optimal transport strategy is enabled through a combined quadratic and entropic regularisation. To compute the equilibrium pricing for all charging stations, an iterative particle‐swarm optimisation scheme is designed which addresses a high‐dimensional nonlinear optimisation problem. Finally, case studies are used to illustrate and corroborate the obtained results.
Delayed mobile data offloading scheme for quality of service traffic: Design and analysis
Authors: Ajith Anusree , Venkatesh Tiruchirai Gopalakrishnan
Published: March 2021

As the world is entering the era of 5G, we are witnessing exponential growth in the volume of data traffic generated and consumed by mobile devices. Mobile data offloading handles the surge in mobile data traffic by offloading part of the traffic onto the Wi‐Fi network. In this context, we design and analyse a quality of service (QoS) enhancement scheme for delayed mobile data offloading. We first consider prioritised queuing of traffic as a scheme for QoS provisioning. Using the concepts of virtual waiting time, renewal process, and level crossing arguments, we derive the average transmission delay of the offloaded and reneged packets of high priority. Next, we mathematically validate the benefit of balking all such packets whose expected virtual waiting time exceeds their deadline. Using a three‐dimensional Markov chain model, we derive the required balking probability. Moreover, we merge the technique of balking with prioritisation for improving QoS in delayed offloading. Through an extensive simulation, we validate our analysis and demonstrate how the proposed scheme reduces the transmission delay without sacrificing offloading efficiency. Our investigation has the potential to be adopted in future mobile data offloading standards for improving QoS.
Mobile Cloud Computing and Wireless Sensor Networks: A review, integration architecture, and future directions
Authors: Panigrahi Chhabi Rani , Sarkar Joy Lal , Pati Bibudhendu , Buyya Rajkumar , Mohapatra Prasant , Majumder Abhishek
Published: March 2021

In today's fast advancing world, sensors are used in various applications to provide complete data about different objects present around us. The sensor data when integrated with Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is used for further computation to provide useful results advanced warning, forecasting, planning, and plethora of other applications in this uncertain world. Few works have been proposed where sensor nodes are integrated with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which give a new direction in modern research for developing new technologies which help the users for fast access of sensory data over mobile devices. Herein, a systematic literature review of both MCC and WSNs are conducted and subsequently assimilated them via an architecture which is efficient and achievable within short time‐span for a variety of applications. The MCC applications are reviewed from two main perspectives that are energy and information management. The communication aspect in MCC and WSNs has been discussed and the need for integration between the two has been justified in this work. The work done on mobility management in MCC and WSNs is reviewed. Also, the challenges in MCC‐WSNs integration along with the comprehensive analysis and findings of the review are identified. Finally, the conclusion and specific future direction of research in this area are provided.
Outage probability analysis of overlay cognitive two‐way relaying scheme with opportunistic relay selection
Authors: Ma Long , Li Enyu , Wang Xinjie , Gu Meng , Yang Qianqian
Published: March 2021

The authors investigate an overlay cognitive two‐way relaying system where max‐min (MM) relay selection scheme is employed for improving the reliability of the considered system. Furthermore, they design the process of the data forwarding and relay selection in the overlay cognitive two‐way relaying system. Based on the MM relay selection criterion, the exact close‐form expression of outage probability is derived. From numerical simulations, it is observed that there is an outage probability floor appearing in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) region, and the reason for its occurrence is stated. Besides, the approximate result of outage probability in high SNR is provided, which shows that the ratio of interference channel' transmit power and main channel' transmit power will not affect the outage probability in low SNR region, but it will significantly affect it in the high SNR region. Although each individual channel state information (CSI) will not be able to control the outage performance of this considered system in the high SNR region, the ratio of each channel's CSI will be able to do the same.
Energy‐efficient reporting scheme for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Chilakala Sudhamani , Saxena Ashutosh , Vunnava Aswini
Published: March 2021

Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network consumes a large amount of energy during spectrum sensing and reporting. An energy‐efficient reporting scheme called the reduced energy consumption scheme for reporting has been proposed to reduce energy consumption. In this scheme, all secondary users will sense the channel and make a local decision about the spectrum. All these local decisions are forwarded to a common node known as the fusion centre. This counts the presence or absence of the primary user based on the secondary user's local decisions. Whenever the counters count is greater than or equal to the threshold then the fusion centre sends a stop reporting feedback signal to the secondary users. In this way the energy consumption is reduced by diminishing the reporting secondary users and the energy efficiency is improved. The simulation and numerical results show a notable improvement in the energy efficiency of a reduced spectrum sensing scheme compared to the conventional spectrum sensing method.
DNN‐based distributed sequential uplink processing in cell‐free massive MIMO based on radio stripes
Authors: Mishra Aman Kumar , Ponnusamy Vijayakumar
Published: March 2021

Cell‐free massive MIMO (mMIMO) has two distinctive advantages: first is, macrodiversity from large numbers of distributed access points and second, interference cancellation from cellular mMIMO is envisioned to be next‐generation wireless technology for beyond 5G. However, its practical deployment is extremely challenging due to large numbers of long cables (economic perspective) and network synchronisation. Cell‐free mMIMO system based on radio stripe (CFMMRS) network is one such architecture of cell‐free mMIMO suitable for practical deployment. This study proposes DNN‐based distributed sequential uplink processing for detecting symbols in the uplink of CFMMRS network architecture. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional iterative soft interference cancellation‐based detection method.
TDCOSMO
Authors: Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso
Published: March 2021

Strong lensing time delays can measure the Hubble constant H0 independently of any other probe. Assuming commonly used forms for the radial mass density profile of the lenses, a 2% precision has been achieved with seven Time-Delay Cosmography (TDCOSMO) lenses, in tension with the H0 from the cosmic microwave background. However, without assumptions on the radial mass density profile – and relying exclusively on stellar kinematics to break the mass-sheet degeneracy – the precision drops to 8% with the current data obtained using the seven TDCOSMO lenses, which is insufficient to resolve the H0 tension. With the addition of external information from 33 Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) lenses, the precision improves to 5% if the deflectors of TDCOSMO and SLACS lenses are drawn from the same population. We investigate the prospect of improving the precision of time-delay cosmography without relying on mass profile assumptions to break the mass-sheet degeneracy. Our forecasts are based on a previously published hierarchical framework. With existing samples and technology, 3.3% precision on H0 can be reached by adding spatially resolved kinematics of the seven TDCOSMO lenses. The precision improves to 2.5% with the further addition of kinematics for 50 nontime-delay lenses from SLACS and the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey. Expanding the samples to 40 time-delay and 200 nontime-delay lenses will improve the precision to 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively. Time-delay cosmography can reach sufficient precision to resolve the Hubble tension at 3–5σ, without assumptions on the radial mass profile of lens galaxies. By obtaining this precision with and without external datasets, we will test the consistency of the samples and enable further improvements based on even larger future samples of time-delay and nontime-delay lenses (e.g., from the Rubin, Euclid, and Roman Observatories).
Mapping luminous hot stars in the Galaxy
Authors: Zari E. , Rix H.-W. , Frankel N. , Xiang M. , Poggio E. , Drimmel R. , Tkachenko A.
Published: March 2021

Luminous hot stars (MKs ≲ 0 mag and Teff ≳ 8000 K) dominate the stellar energy input to the interstellar medium throughout cosmological time, are used as laboratories to test theories of stellar evolution and multiplicity, and serve as luminous tracers of star formation in the Milky Way and other galaxies. Massive stars occupy well-defined loci in colour–colour and colour–magnitude spaces, enabling selection based on the combination of Gaia EDR3 astrometry and photometry and 2MASS photometry, even in the presence of substantive dust extinction. In this paper we devise an all-sky sample of such luminous OBA-type stars, which was designed to be complete rather than very pure, providing targets for spectroscopic follow-up with the SDSS-V survey. To estimate the purity and completeness of our catalogue, we derive stellar parameters for the stars in common with LAMOST DR6 and we compare the sample to other O and B-type star catalogues. We estimate ‘astro-kinematic’ distances by combining parallaxes and proper motions with a model for the expected velocity and density distribution of young stars; we show that this adds useful constraints on the distances and therefore luminosities of the stars. With these distances we map the spatial distribution of a more stringently selected subsample across the Galactic disc, and find it to be highly structured, with distinct over- and under-densities. The most evident over-densities can be associated with the presumed spiral arms of the Milky Way, in particular the Sagittarius-Carina and Scutum-Centaurus arms. Yet, the spatial picture of the Milky Way’s young disc structure emerging in this study is complex, and suggests that most young stars in our Galaxy (tage < tdyn) are not neatly organised into distinct spiral arms. The combination of the comprehensive spectroscopy to come from SDSS-V (yielding velocities, ages, etc.) with future Gaia data releases will be crucial in order to reveal the dynamical nature of the spiral arms themselves.
An Integrated Lean Management, IoT and MFCA Systems for Water Management of Industrial Manufacturing in Thailand
Authors: Sodkomkham Thanwarhat , Ratanatamskul Chavalit , Chandrachai Achara
Published: March 2021

The study objective was to examine, develop and apply an integrated lean management, IoT and MFCA system to optimize water management of industrial manufacturing in Thailand to increase efficiency. The results of a case study reduced water use in production processes by 15% per annum, with cost reduction of approximately US$12, 182. Reduced water consumption renders production processes more environmentally friendly, with increased ease and accuracy in managing water resources. Production processes also become more valuable by applying a modern management approach using industrial engineering techniques that enhance productivity, while reducing costs and increasing competitiveness. Results can be used to balance business development and promote the economy, society and environment in Thailand in the future.
Comparative Analysis of China Light-duty Vehicle Test cycle for Passenger Car and Other Typical Driving Cycles
Authors: Liu Yu , Liang Yongkai , Yu Hanzhengnan , An Xiaopan , Li Jingyuan
Published: March 2021

In 2019, China issued the first national standard for vehicle driving cycle, in which China light-duty vehicle test cycle for passenger car (CLTC-P) is the driving cycle for light-duty passenger cars. CLTC-P is of great significance to the development of China’s automobile industry, and has a great impact on the development and calibration of vehicles of automobile enterprises. In this paper, firstly, the driving characteristics of CLTC-P are analyzed systematically. Then it is compared with the third-party navigation big data to prove the rationality and effectiveness. Finally, CLTC-P is compared with other legal cycles in terms of time, distance, speed, and acceleration characteristics. The result shows that by comparing the characteristics of CLTC-P with other typical cycles and the GIS weighted results, the CLTC-P is more in line with Chinese reality and is significantly different from other typical cycles.
Analysis on the Development of German Renewable Energy by Interdependency Theory
Authors: Mei Yang
Published: March 2021

In the face of climate change, it is urgent to transform the energy system. Germany has played an important role in the development of renewable energy. Hence, it is necessary to figure out why Germany makes structural change in its energy sector in order to have a better understand on the current situation and the future development of renewable energy. Adopting the theory of interdependence, this paper analyzes the motivation of Germany’s energy transition. It demonstrates that Germany on the one hand endeavors to reduce its energy dependence on other countries and increase other countries’ dependence on it in the field of renewable energy, on the other hand. Thereby Germany would get more advantage in international negotiation and competition. This paper reveals the principle of interdependence in energy transition, which provides a new perspective to discuss the politics of climate change.
Design of a 100 MW Concentrated Solar Power Plant Parabolic Trough in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Huda Mohammed , Al-Kouz Wael , Boretti Alberto
Published: March 2021

The increase in energy demand and the awareness of renewable energy has been raised due to environmental and climate change and the need to establish sustainable energy development. Using fossil fuels has created a critical situation such as; climate change, air pollution, and emission of greenhouse gases also, the resources are in limited supply. The infinite source of energy such as; the sun can provide an effective and sustainable energy supply. Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia is one of the areas that receive a high quantity of direct solar radiation. An average direct normal irradiance (DNI) for the central region is equal to 2018 kWh/m2/year. This paper shows the design and the performance analysis of 100 MW Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) parabolic trough (PT) power plants with thermal energy storage (TES) for use in Riyadh city. The performance of this design plant is analyzed by using the system advisor model (SAM). Based on the analysis carried out for this design, the capacity factor is equal to 45.3% with an annual energy generation which is equal to 396, 801, 792 kWh. By varying two main parameters, the solar field size and the full load hours of TES to get the optimal design of this plant is done. Based on the simulation result, the proposed design of 100 MW parabolic trough at 1, 150, 000 m2 solar field size and 7 h TES gives the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) with an assumed lifespan of the plant of 25 years.
Study on the aging characteristics of silicone rubber materials for composite insulators
Authors: Xie Pengkang , Ning Kai
Published: March 2021

The electron beam radiation method is emitted by electronic accelerators, which can change the chemical physical properties of radiation. Silicone rubber samples after different irradiation intesities were carried out for the 1000h aging test, and the electronic scanning microscopy (SEM), mechanical tensile and hydrophhy angle of the silicone rubber sample were measured, the test results shows that: after 1000h aging test, the visual apperence of the sample did not changed, the SEM showed that the surface of the silicone rubber became rough and the porosity increased, and the mechanic tension decrease. For moderate Irradiation intensity(60KGy), the aging characteristics of silicon rubber can be improved.
Research on DBN-based Evaluation of Distribution Network Reliability
Authors: Zhang Kaiyu , Shi Shanshan , Liu Shu , Wan Junjie , Ren Lijia
Published: March 2021

In order to accurately and efficiently analyze the reliability of distribution network, this paper proposes a method of analyzing the reliability of distribution network based on a deep belief network. The Deep Belief Network (DBN) is composed of limiting Boltzmann machine layer-by-layer stacking. It has a strong advantage of automatic feature extraction, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional neural networks in extracting data features. The entire training process of DBN can be roughly divided into two stages: pre-training and fine-tuning.First of all, the pre-training of the DBN model is realized by training the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) layer by layer, then the BP algorithm is used for reverse fine-tuning to complete the training process of the entire network. finally, the reliability analysis of distribution network is performed by the trained DBN. Compared with the BP neural network method and the traditional Monte Carlo simulation method, it is verified that the proposed model of distribution network reliability analysis has high accuracy.
Multilevel Monte Carlo finite volume methods for random conservation laws with discontinuous flux
Authors: Badwaik Jayesh , Klingenberg Christian , Risebro Nils Henrik , Ruf Adrian M.
Published: March 2021

We consider conservation laws with discontinuous flux where the initial datum, the flux function, and the discontinuous spatial dependency coefficient are subject to randomness. We establish a notion of random adapted entropy solutions to these equations and prove well-posedness provided that the spatial dependency coefficient is piecewise constant with finitely many discontinuities. In particular, the setting under consideration allows the flux to change across finitely many points in space whose positions are uncertain. We propose a single- and multilevel Monte Carlo method based on a finite volume approximation for each sample. Our analysis includes convergence rate estimates of the resulting Monte Carlo and multilevel Monte Carlo finite volume methods as well as error versus work rates showing that the multilevel variant outperforms the single-level method in terms of efficiency. We present numerical experiments motivated by two-phase reservoir simulations for reservoirs with varying geological properties.
MR-Angiografie im Vergleich zur digitalen Subtraktionsangiografie
Authors: Grütering Jens , Dederichs Maximilian
Published: March 2021

Die Entwicklungen in der MR-Diagnostik der letzten 30 Jahre haben uns einige Neuerungen in der radiologischen Bildgebung gebracht. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob diese Entwicklungen in der nicht invasiven Bildgebung mit dem geltenden „Goldstandard“ der diagnostischen Katheterangiografie vergleichbar sind oder diesen mittlerweile übertroffen haben. Im Folgenden werden die beiden Untersuchungsmethoden gegenübergestellt und verglichen.
Learning and Stroke Recovery: Parallelism of Biological Substrates
Authors: Joy Mary Teena , Carmichael S. Thomas
Published: March 2021

Stroke is a debilitating disease. Current effective therapies for stroke recovery are limited to neurorehabilitation. Most stroke recovery occurs in a limited and early time window. Many of the mechanisms of spontaneous recovery after stroke parallel mechanisms of normal learning and memory. While various efforts are in place to identify potential drug targets, an emerging approach is to understand biological correlates between learning and stroke recovery. This review assesses parallels between biological changes at the molecular, structural, and functional levels during learning and recovery after stroke, with a focus on drug and cellular targets for therapeutics.
Vorinsolvenzlicher Restrukturierungsrahmen: Sanieren auf die andere Art
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: March 2021

Ein neues Gesetz macht Sanierungen künftig deutlich leichter. Trägt eine Mehrheit der betroffenen Gläubiger den Plan mit, lässt sich eine Restrukturierung jetzt auch ohne Insolvenzverfahren durchsetzen. Der Hannoveraner Insolvenzexperte Dr. Rainer Eckert erklärt im kma Gespräch, was das für Krankenhäuser bedeutet.