bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Sensory Feedback Device for Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand to Provide Hardness of Objects to Users
Authors: Morita Takakuni ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Kikuchi Takeshi , Ishii Chiharu ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hosei University
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/12.jpg' width=""300"" text='Sensory feedback device for myoelectric hand' ] In this paper, a sensory feedback device was developed to improve the operability of a myoelectric prosthetic hand. The device is worn on the user’s upper arm and provides object hardness feedback to by winding a belt onto the upper arm using a motor. When the finger of the myoelectric prosthetic hand grabs the object, the contact force on the object is detected by a pressure sensor attached to a finger cushion on the myoelectric prosthetic hand. Based on the sensor’s input, the hardness of the object is calculated. According to the hardness of the object, a reference input to realize the corresponding winding speed of the belt is generated by a reference input generator. Then, the motor of the feedback device is controlled to track the reference input by using the self-tuning PID control technique, taking parameter variation into account. Thus, the belt of the feedback device is wound by the motor and tightens the user’s upper arm, thereby enabling the user to receive tactile feedback. Finally, confirmation tests are conducted based on a psychophysical method to verify the effectiveness of the feedback device and its control system. As a result, the difference threshold of the sensory feedback device was 0.59 N/mm.
A Flexible Tactile Sensor Array Based on Pressure Conductive Rubber for Contact Force Measurement and Slip Detection
Authors: Wang Yancheng ,   State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Xi Kailun , Mei Deqing , Liang Guanhao , Chen Zichen ,   Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/14.jpg' width=""300"" text='A wearable tactile sensor array for three-axis contact force measurement and slip detection in prosthetic hand grasping' ] Using INASTAMOR pressure-conductive rubber as the sensing material, we developed a flexible tactile sensor array to measure three-axis contact force and slip. The sensor array has 9 (3 × 3) sensing units, each consisting of three layers, i.e., a bottom electrode, conductive rubber chips, a top polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bump. We detailed the array’s structural design, working principle, and fabrication process. We also characterize the array’s three-axis force measurement performance. The full-scale force measurement ranges and sensitivities in x-, y-, and z-axes are characterized as 5, 5, 20 N and 0.675, 0.677, 0.251 V/N, respectively. The array is mounted on a prosthetic hand for detecting contact force and slip occurrence in grasping. Results showed that the array measures three-axis contact force and detects slippage by using discrete wavelet transformation. The tactile sensor array has potential applications in robot-hand grasping that require simultaneous slip detection and three-axis contact force measurement.
Cable Wrapping Phenomenon in Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Lei Man Cheong ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Oetomo Denny
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/15.jpg' width=""300"" text='Cable wrapping phenomenon of cable robot' ] In the study of cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs), the interference between the cable and the rigid link(s) of the mechanisms have generally been excluded when the workspace is considered. This leads to the loss of perfectly feasible and useful areas in the workspace. In this paper, we model such a phenomenon by letting the cable wrap around the rigid link and including the results under workspace considerations. We construct a kinematic model of the cable path in a CDPM to include that segment of the cable wrapped over the surface of the rigid link, in addition to modeling the straight (unwrapped) segments of actuation cables in a conventional manner. The path that the cable wrapping around the rigid link describes is a function of the displacement of one or more rigid links. When wrapping occurs, contact between the cable and the rigid link is no longer restricted to a stationary point on the body attached frame, as in the case of a conventional CDPM, but becomes instead a function of the rigid link’s pose. The cable is assumed to be taut at all times, so finding the cable configuration is equivalent to finding the geodesic solution for the convex hull of a rigid body. Analysis is firstly presented for a basic case of finding the path of a single cable wrapped over an arbitrary (convex) rigid body, with specific illustration performed for a cylindrical rigid body. Modeling and analysis are then applied to the case of a certain CDPM that enables wrapped cable segments in its operation.
Anti Corrosion Ability and Biocidal Efficiency of Surfactants on Mild Steel in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Manonmani K. N. , Manjula P. , Vennila T.
Published: June 2016

The inhibition efficiency of DMBP (Diethyl-4-methyl benzyl phosphonate) along with Biocidal action of CTAB and SDS on corrosion of mild steel in neutral aqueous medium has been evaluated by mass loss method, both in absence and presence of Zn2+. It is observed that DMBP exhibits 65% IE individually at ambient temperature. Synergistic influence of Zn2+ increases IE of DMBP to 71%.  Addition of surfactants CTAB (N-Cetyl-N,N,N-Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) and SDS ( Sodium dodecyl Benzene sulphonate) enhances the inhibition efficiency of DMBP from 65% to 96% and 92% respectively.  The inhibitor system consisting of DMBP (200 ppm) + Zn2+ (90 ppm)+ CTAB (50 ppm) / SDS (40 ppm) offered maximum Biocidal efficiency (BE %) of 100% after killing of microbial bacteria present in aqueous system. FTIR spectra indicates the protective film consist of Fe2+-DMBP and Zn(OH)2.
PEMERIKSAAN URINALISIS UNTUK MENENTUKAN STATUS PRESENT KAMBING KACANG (Capra sp.) DI UPT HEWAN COBA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA (Urinalysis Examination to Determine Present Status of Local Goats (Capra sp.) at UPT Experimental Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Syiah Kuala University)
Authors: Pratama Emilaza , Rusli Rusli , Zuraidawati Zuraidawati , Asmilia Nuzul , Roslizawaty Roslizawaty , Zuhrawati Zuhrawati
Published: June 2016

This research was aimed to determine the present status of local goats based on the age at UPT experimental animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Syiah Kuala University by urine examination. Sample used in this research was urine from 13 local goats (Capra sp.) male and female that collected in the morning. Dipstick urine (Verify TM) was directly dipped into the collected urine and the result were obtained by comparing with a standard color on urine dipstick (Verify TM) with interval 30-120 seconds. The semiquantitatively data obtained using urine dipstick include measurement of leukocyte, nitrite, urobilinogen, protein, pH, blood in the urine, specific gravity, ketones, bilirubin and glucose. From the results obtained age 1 year nitrite 1 goat, blood 1 goat, alkaline pH and density under normal circumstances. At the age of 1-3 years old goats there are leukocytes 4 goats, nitrite 2 goats, proteins 4 goats, bilirubin 1 goat, pH is alkaline and density under normal circumstances. In goats aged 3-4 years there is leukocytes 1 goat, nitrite 2 goats, pH is alkaline and density under normal circumstances.
KORELASI ANTARA DEHIDRASI DENGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR KLINIS PADA ANAK KAMBING KACANG LOKAL (Capra aegagrus hircus)(Correlation between Dehydration and Assessment Clinical Factors in Kacang Goatlings (Capra aegagrus hircus))
Authors: Roslizawaty Roslizawaty , Rusli Rusli , Hadi Isra , Karmil T. Fadrial , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Syafruddin Syafruddin
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant factor that clinically influent the occurrence of dehydration in goats aged 10-14 days old, in order to enhance the accuracy in diagnoinge the state of hydration. Ten native kacang goatlings were used as research objects. Kacang goatlings were dehydrated until loss 10% of their bodyweight by inducing diuretics furosemide (2mg/kg body weight every 4 hours) using intramuscularly, orally administration of spironolactone (50 mg every 8 hours) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg every 8 hours). Regression analysis was used to verify the correlation between clinical factors that considered potential, which are enopthalmus, skin turgor (back, neck and upper eyelid), capillary refill time, pulsus, breath, and body temperature. The results showed that enopthalmus, skin turgor on back and eye region has close correlation with dehydration occurrence with coefficient determinant R2 are 0.92; 0.90 and 0.81 respectively. It can be concluded that these three parameters can be used as predictor towards dehydration occurrence.
KAJIAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN TINDAKAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MEWASPADAI GIGITAN ANJING SEBAGAI HEWAN PENULAR RABIES (HPR) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH (Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Community in Four Sub-Districts in Banda Aceh for Their Preparedness of Dogs Attacking as Rabies Risk Animals)
Authors: Parwis Muhammad , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Hambal Muhammad , Dasrul Dasrul , Razali Razali , Novita Andi
Published: June 2016

This research was aimed to study the number of cases attacking by dog as rabies risk animals (RRA) and the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community in four sub-districts of Banda Aceh. The study was conducted using survey method by interviewing 60 respondents with structured questionnaire. The results of this research showed that respondent or their relatives which had been bitten by RRA was 26.7%-30.0%. The level of respondent knowledge to rabies in these two categories area can be categorized as moderate (76.6%). The attitude of respondent in preparedness of RRA was categorized as good (90-96.7%). Then, the practice of respondent in preparedness of RRA was categorized as moderate (83.3-96.7%). It is concluded that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community in those two categories sub-districts is at moderate level.
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA BERAHI KAMBING KACANG DAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE) YANG MENGALAMI INDUKSI BERAHI DENGAN PGF2 ALFA (Comparison of Estrous Performance between Kacang and PE Goats Following Estrous Induction with PGF2 Alpha)
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Melia Juli , Armansyah Teuku , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Hardyana Siregar Siti Rizki , Riady Ginta , Dasrul Dasrul , Panjaitan Budianto , Hamdan Hamdan
Published: June 2016

The experiment was conducted to compare estrous performance between kacang and PE goats after estrous inducted with PGF2 alpha (PGF2α). Fifteen female goats were used in this study and divided into two groups. Characteristics of goat used are clinically healthy, never giving birth, 1,5-3,0 years of age, and have undergone at least two times the regular cycle. Group I (KI) consisted of 10 kacang goats and group II (KII) consisted of 5 PE goats. All goats in both groups were estrous synchronized with 1 ml PGF2a intramuscularly. Estrous observation was done visually three times a day at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m. Assessment of estrous intensity based on scoring method. The data of intensity and onset were analyzed by Mann Whitney test and estrous duration analyzed by t test. The result showed that intensity, onset, and duration of estrous in KI vs KII were 2.47±0.21 vs 2.25±0.00, 38.20±2.39 vs 84.40±8.53 hours, and 40.40±2.27 vs 46.40±4.56 hours respectively. It concluded that there was different estrous performance between kacang and PE goats following estrous synchronized with PGF2α.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PMSG DAN HCG TERHADAP PENINGKATAN JUMLAH KELAHIRAN HAMSTER CAMPBELL (Phodopus campbelli) (Effect of PMSG and hCG to Increase Birth Number in Campbell’s Hamsters (Phodopus campbelli))
Authors: Afriani Nur Novi Afriani Nur , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Hamdan Hamdan , Nasution Idawati , Thasmi Cut Nila , Dasrul Dasrul
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of superovulation induction through Pregnant Mare’s Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) injection to increased birth number in Campbell’s hamsters (Phodopus campbelli). This study used 10 unpregnant female Campbell’s hamster, aged 4-6 months, weighing of 25-30 grams. Hamsters were divided into K1 and K2, each consist of five hamsters. K1 injected with 1 ml physiologic NaCl, while K2 intraperitoneally injected with PMSG and hCG in 5 IU. Mating was held after injection. Male and female hamsters were put in one box with ration of 1:1. The observation of vagina plug was done in order to confirm whether the mating successes or not. The average amount of fetus birth through superovulation on K1 and K2 were 3.40±1.3 and 7.80±1.1, respectively. In conclusion, the superovulation induction using the combination of PMSG and hCG increase birth number on Campbell’s hamsters.
KONTAMINASI BAKTERI KOLIFORM PADA AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DI DESA ILIE KECAMATAN ULEE KARENG KOTA BANDA ACEH (Contamination of Coliform in Refill Water in Ilie Village, Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh)
Authors: Pratama Sekedang M. Iqbal , Heryawati Manaf Zakiah , Darmawi Darmawi , Jamin Faisal , Abrar Mahdi , Razali Razali
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the refill water (AMIU) was contaminated with coliform or not. The methods used were presumptive, confirmed, and completed test. Sample of this study was refill water (AMIU) from five refill water shops located in Ilie village, sub-district of Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh. The sample was taken 3 times with interval period of one week. Sample was culture in lactose broth and incubated at 37° C for 48 hours. If it did not form gas in Durham tube, presumptive test result was considered negative and the samples were not proceed to the other test. The data was presented using descriptive analysis. It could be concluded that AMIU from 5 shops in Ilie Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh is negatively contaminated with coliform bacteria.
GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS LIMPA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus) JANTAN DIINFEKSI Trypanosoma evansi DAN DIBERI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JALOH (Salix tetrasperma Robx) (Histopathological finding of Rat (Rattus novergicus) Spleen Infected with Trypanosoma evansi and Treated with Willow Bark (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) Extract)
Authors: Ramadani Elsa Mariane , Budiman Hamdani , Sugito Sugito , Balqis Ummu , Hambal Muhammad , Daud Razali
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to determine the histopathological finding of rat (Rattus novergicus) spleen infected with Trypanosoma evansi and treated with willow bark (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) extract.This research used 25 male rats divided into four treatment groups and fed ad libitum. Group 0 (K0) was control group, group I (K1) was infected with 103/0.3 ml. T. evansi, group II (K2), III (K3), and IV (K4) were infected with103/0.3 ml T. evansi and treated with willow bark extract 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg bw, respectively. All groups were treated for 3 consecutive days orally using a stomach tube. On day four, rats were euthanized using chloroform and necropsied, then spleen were collected for histophatological examination. The results showed that all spleen on group K1, K2, K3, and K4 showed hyperplasia of white pulp, hemosiderin, and necrosis with different severity levels compared to normal spleen structure. In conclusion, the administration of willow bark extract at the dose of 30 mg/kg bw has a potency to prevent spleen from T. evansi infection. However, the higher the dose of willow bark extract the higher the level of spleen damage.Key words: spleen, T. evansi, willow bark extract
PENGARUH PENCELUPAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING DALAM LARUTAN ASAM SITRAT DAN ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL Escherichia coli (The Immersion Effect of Broiler Carcass in Citric Acid and Acetic Acid on the Total Plates Count of Escherichia Coli)
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Yuda Sandy Cakra , Jamin Faisal , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Isa M. , Darmawi Darmawi
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to determine the immersion effect of broiler carcasses in 3% citric acid, 3% acetic acid, and combination of citric acid and acetic acid with concentration of 1.5% each on the total plate count of bacteria E. coli. Eight broilers carcasses (dissected into 2 parts) were divided into 4 treatment groups with 2 times repetition and 3 times observation at 0, 4, and 8 hours after dipped. The control treatment (K0) without dipped into acid solution. Broiler carcasses in the first (K1), second (K2), and the third (K3) treatments were dipped into 3% acetic acid, 3% citric acid, and combination of 1.5% acetic acid and 1.5% citric acid respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The average of E. coli count in K0 at 0, 4, and 8 hours post dipping were 5.2±0.061, 6.8±0.99, and 7.0±0.107 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat respectively. In similar observation time with K0, the average of total E. coli count were 5.5±0.373, 6.0±0.023, and 6.0±0.242 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K1, 5.3±0.166, 6.0±0.143, and 6.0±0.084 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K2, 5.7±0.041, 5.9±0.92, and 5.8±0.058 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K3 at 0,4, and 8 hours post dipping respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the immersion of broiler carcass in acetic acid and citric acid solution were significantly (P 0.05) decrease the number of E. coli. There were interaction between immersion of broiler carcass in organic acids and observation time which significantly decrease the number of E. coli (p 0.05). In conclusion, the immersion of carcass chicken in 3 % acetic acid, 3% citric acid, and their combination reduce the amount of E. coli. Key words: chicken carcass , citric acid 3%, acetic acid 3% , Escherichia coli
PREVALENSI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU ANJING LOKAL (Canis familiaris) JANTAN YANG DIKANDANGKAN DENGAN PRINSIP KESEJAHTERAAN HEWAN SELAMA 60 HARI (Prevalence of Behavioural Changes in Male Local Dog (Canis familiaris) Caged Based on Animal Welfare Principles for 60 Days)
Authors: Alfi Nofri , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Adam Mulyadi , Nasution Idawati , Ismail Ismail
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of behavioral changes of male local dog caged based on animal welfare principles. A total of three male local dogs was used as the experiment object. Dog behavior was observed using focal animal sampling method. Dogs were caged for 60 days, provided with sufficient food and water ad libitum. The dogs were identified based on their color and body size. Their behavior were observed three times each days in the morning, midday, and afternoon with 3 periods: period I (day 1 to day 20), period II (day 21 to day 40), and period III (day 41 to day 60). The observation was carried out for 60 days with allocation time was 30 minutes/ each observations. The result obtained indicated that the prevalence of behavior in dogs during the first period was dominated by sitting and sleeping. In addition, they were showed the behavior of running, walking, playing, sniffing, and eating. During this period, they were also expressed of stress behavior, such as barking, digging, backward/hiding, biting, and climbing. In the second and third periods of observation, the behaviors of sitting and sleeping are increased while behaviors of stress are reduced. Based on this results, it can be concluded that local dogs indicate stress behavior during the first 20 days caged, then they become more calm during the following days when animal welfare principle is fulfilled.Key words: local dog, dog behavior, animal welfare
CEMARAN BAKTERI MESOFILIK AEROBIK PADA CEKER AYAM DALAM SOTO DARI TIGA LOKASI RUMAH MAKAN DI BANDA ACEH (Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria Contamination of chicken shank in soto from three restaurant locations in Banda Aceh)
Authors: Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Razali Razali , Safarwati Safarwati , Nurliana Nurliana , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Armansyah T.
Published: June 2016

This study was aimed to test the level of mesophilic aerobic bacteria contamination on chicken shank in "soto" food from restaurants in three different locations, Inong Balee-Darussalam, Ulee Kareng, and Campus of Unsyiah. A purpossive sampling method was used in this study. The sample of chicken shank in soto were collected in the morning at 10.00 a.m. and in the afternoon at 14.00 p.m. Samples were collected for 3 consecutive days. For each sampling, a total of 25 grams of chicken shank was put into plastic bag and directly transfer to the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University. The result showed that the chicken shank in the soto food from three locations of restaurant had been contaminated with mesofilic aerobic bacteria with contamination level exceeds the maximum limit of microbial contamination as allowed in SNI - 2000.Key words: soto, shank, restaurants
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFUSA DAUN LABU SIAM (Sechium edule) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) ANEMIA (The Effect of Chayote (Sechium edule) Leaves Infusion on Haemoglobin and Hematocrit Level of Anemic White Rat (Rattus norvegicus))
Authors: Zuhrawati Zuhrawati , Asmilia Nuzul , Rizky Asri , Zuraidawati Zuraidawati , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Adam Mulyadi , Muttaqien Muttaqien
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of chayote (Sechium edule) leaves infusion on hemoglobin and hematocrit level of anemic rat (Rattus norvegicus). Twelve anemic hemorrhagic male rats strain Wistar with body weight ranging from 175-200 g were used as sample in this research. Rats were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups, each group consist of 4 rats. The control group (P0) was not given chayote leaves infusion. Group P1 and P2 were given chayote leaves infusion with the concentration of 25% and 50% respectively, with dose of 1 ml per 200 gram body weight. Rats were fed with standard commercial food (Turbo feed) and aquadest ad libitum. The rats were treated anemic by taking 20% blood from total blood volume prior to administration of chayote laeves infusion. Chayote leaves infusion was given for 10 days consecutively. Blood sampling was carried out on day 0, 5, and 10 via caudal vein. Data were analyzed using anlysis of variance (ANOVA) Split-Plot pattern. The result showed that chayote leaves infusion increase level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in experimental rats. In conclusion 25% concentration of chayote leaves infusion is more effective than 50% concentration.Key words: anemia, chayote leaves, hemoglobin, hematocrit
TINGKAT PARASITEMIA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus L.) JANTAN GALUR DDY DIINFEKSI Trypanosoma evansi ISOLAT PIDIE DAN PEMALANG (Parasitemia Level of Male White Mice (Mus musculus L.) DDY Strain Infected with Trypanosoma evansi of Pidie and Pemalang Isolate)
Authors: Sari Febiola Rama , Fahrimal Yudha , Balqis Ummu , Wardana Aprilia , Hambal Muhammad
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to observe parasitemia of DDY white mice infected with T. evansi of Pidie and Pemalang isolates obtained from Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BBPV) Bogor. Twelve DDY mice were divided into 3 groups, each group consisted of 4 mice. Mice in the first group were not treated with any treatment. The second group was inoculated with 104 T. evansi Pidie isolate and the third group was inoculated with 104 T. evansi of Pemalang isolate. Mice blood were collected every two days from tail vein for parasitemia examination. Parasitemia examination was conducted until all mice die. The results indicate that there was difference in parasitemia level between the two isolates. Parasitemia of mice infected with Pidie isolate characterized by rapid rise of parasitemia in blood (107-108/mL of blood) in a short time (2-4 days) since first parasitemia was detected and followed by death at day 4. While the parasitemia of mice infected with Pemalang isolate increased in the blood (108-109/mL of blood) on day 4 and maintained for a few more days and then fluctuated for a few more days before the animal died.Key words: Trypanosoma evansi, parasitemia, Pidie isolate, Pemalang isolate
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna unguiculata) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN (Effect of Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata) on Blood Glucose Level of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Alloxan)
Authors: Aprila Intan Fitri , Salim M. Nur , Daud Razali , Armansyah T. , Asmilia Nuzul , Jamin Faisal
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of long bean (Vigna unguiculata) on level of blood glucose on mice (Mus musculus) induced by alloxan. Twelve mice with the weigh of 25-40 grams and clinically healthy were used in this research. All mice were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, 3 mice each. K0 was negative control group, only given aquadest. K1, K2, and K3 groups were induced by alloxan 0.5 ml. K1 group was positive control. K2 group was fed with 100 grams long bean mixed with 50 ml distilled water. K3 group was fed with 100 grams long bean mixed with 100 ml distilled water. Long bean was fed orally 0.5 ml every morning and evening for 7 consecutive days. On day eight the examination of blood glucose level was performed. The average level of blood glucose were K0 (142.00±23.39), K1 (167.00±10.54), K2 (122.67±12.50), dan K3 (154.67±16.26) mg/dL. In conclusion, the administration of long bean for seven consecutive days does not decrease blood glucose level on mice induced by alloxan.Key words: blood glucose, alloxan, long bean
Professional development in social work: elderly care in Sweden and Denmark
Authors: Christensen Jonas Mikael
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to highlight and give reflections on elderly care in two welfare states, Sweden and Denmark, on the basis of the question: how can the elderly care profession be understood from a transnational perspective? The empirical data consists of a project, and the analysis is based on an ecological model. The main conclusion is that by focusing on societal and professional knowledge sharing from a regional perspective, we can develop our understanding of the driving forces behind access to knowledge, professional identity maintenance and the professional position of the elderly individual.
Posture disorders and their causes in rural schools pupils
Authors: Radzevičienė, Liuda , Kazlauskas Andrius
Published: June 2016

The aim of the research is to identify the particularities of pupils’ body posture in the rural schools of Šiauliai region. Particularities of pupils’ body posture were screened using Adams forward bend test. It was found out that faulty body posture (lesion of skeleton-muscle system and asymmetry of innervations) is common to the largest part of different age pupils in rural schools. Faulty body posture of asymmetry of innervations has a tendency to normalize during child’s development, and faulty body posture of lesion of skeleton-muscle system might change to serious pathology of bone system.
Subsurface Band Placement of Pelletized Poultry Litter in Cotton
Authors: Adeli Ardeshir , McCarty Jack C. , Read John J. , Willers Jeffrey L. , Feng Gary , Jenkins Johnie N.
Published: June 2016

Alternative management of broiler chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus) litter in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) production is needed to enhance soil fertility, crop nutrient utilization, and lint yield. This 4‐yr study compared the growth, lint yield, and soil quality in cotton production systems fertilized with pelletized poultry litter (PPL) subsurface band applied at the rate of 6.7 Mg ha−1(≈122 kg available N ha−1), inorganic N fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate, UAN solution) injected at the recommended rate of 128 kg N ha−1, and unfertilized control. Drip irrigation was used as main plot, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was broadcast applied and used as subplot, and fertilization treatment was used as sub‐subplot (2 × 2 × 3). Although leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index and total aboveground biomass were lower (P< 0.05) with PPL than inorganic N, lint yield did not differ between these treatments in 2010 and 2011. However, lint yield was greater in PPL than inorganic N fertilizer treatment by approximately 6% in 2012 and 21% in 2013. Averaged across years, lint yield was 5% greater with PPL than inorganic N fertilizer (1378 vs. 1303 kg ha−1). Cotton lint yield was not influenced by FGD gypsum or irrigation. Applying PPL significantly enhanced soil fertility, improved soil aggregate stability, minimized postharvest residual NO3–N concentration in the soil profile and may provide growers with an alternative nutrient management strategy for cotton.

Core Ideas

Subsurface band placement minimizes nutrient loss.

Subsurface band placement of pelletized poultry litter increases nutrient utilization.

Pelletized poultry litter improves soil quality by enhancing soil organic C.
Ameliorative Effects of Foliar 2,3‐Dihydroporphyrin Iron (III) Spray on Seedling Growth and Seed Traits of Salt‐Stressed Rapeseed Plants
Authors: Cao Cun‐Feng , Yu Bing‐Jun , Zhao Xiu‐Fang , Wei Pei‐Pei , Song Jia‐Ming , Chen Li‐Ming , Wang Meng
Published: June 2016

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) (DHFe) chelates have a role in plant growth regulation. In the present study, the physiological mechanisms contributing to the ameliorative effects of foliar DHFe spraying on seedling growth and photosynthetic parameters as well as seed traits of rapeseed plants under control or salt‐stressed conditions in pots were investigated. Plant characteristics, including chlorophyll content; photosynthetic parameters; reactive oxygen species content; antioxidant enzyme activity; relative electrolytic leakage; and Na+, K+, and Cl−content were compared in above‐ground parts and roots. Seed traits at maturity (e.g., numbers of pods and seeds) and seed dry weight per plant were also evaluated. The results showed that under NaCl stress, foliar application of DHFe could significantly reduce Cl−content in above‐ground plant parts and maintain higher K+content in seedlings; enhance the activities of ascorbate peroxide, catalase, and peroxidase; and decrease the rate of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation. Foliar DHFe application could restore leaf chlorophyll content and improve Photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2concentration. This effect alleviated the salt injury to treated rapeseed plants that then exhibited enhanced vegetative growth, improved leaf photosynthesis, and increased seed yield. These results may provide a valuable theoretical basis and technical guidance for future practical application of DHFe as a kind of plant growth regulator for the chemical regulation of salt tolerance of rapeseed and other crops under saline cultivation conditions.

Core Ideas

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) chelates have been shown to possess plant growth regulatory roles.

Foliar DHFe spray on salted rape reduced ROS level and improved growth and seed yield.

DHFe regulates salt tolerance of rapeseed and other crops in saline soils.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Proso Millet Germplasm Available in the United States using Simple‐Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Rajput Santosh G. , Santra Dipak K.
Published: June 2016

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the best rotational crop in most dryland production areas in the semiarid US High Plains because of the highest water use efficiency among all cereal crops and short growing season. In the United States, it is used for birdseed, but it is used mostly for human consumption in Asia and Europe. Genomic resources and genetic research of this crop are limited. There is no report of molecular marker‐based genetic diversity analysis of the US germplasm, which is important for its genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity of US proso millet germplasm based on DNA markers. A set of 90 proso millet genotypes (landraces and cultivars) and 100 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Cluster analysis was based on unweighed pair‐group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) using NTSYSpc software. A total of 1287 alleles with size range from 40 to 1500 bp were amplified by the 100 SSR markers. The US proso millet germplasm used in this report is highly genetically diverse. The genotypes formed one major and two minor groups, which correspond to their geographic origin, pedigree, and morphoagronomic traits with few exceptions. All the cultivars developed in the United States remained together in a subcluster within Group 2. Many of these SSR markers with high resolving power were very informative and could be useful for further genetic diversity studies of proso millet. This study would have significant implications for future proso millet genetic improvement.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Agronomic Traits Indicates Breeding Potential of Tibetan Semiwild Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum)
Authors: Luo Wei , Ma Jian , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Sun Min , Kong Xing‐Chen , Wei Yu‐Ming , Jiang Yun‐Feng , Qi Peng‐Fei , Jiang Qian‐Tao , Liu Ya‐Xi , Peng Yuan‐Ying , Chen Guo‐Yue , Zheng You‐Liang , Liu Chunji , Lan Xiu‐Jin
Published: June 2016

Tibetan semiwild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) is a primitive hexaploid wheat resource found in Tibet. It is characterized by tolerance to nutrition deficiency and strong seed dormancy and has potential to be useful in wheat breeding programs. To tap the advantages of Tibetan semiwild wheat in wheat breeding, we investigated nine agronomic traits including heading date (HD), anthesis date (AD), plant height (PHT), tiller number (TN), spike length (SL), spikelet number per spike (SNS), spikelet density (DS), grain weight per spike (GWS), and 1000‐grain weight (TGW) in 186 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Tibetan semiwild wheat ‘Q1028’ and common wheat ‘Zhengmai 9023’ (ZM 9023) across three growing seasons. Forty‐five qualitative trait loci (QTLs) on 12 chromosomes were detected. The phenotypic variation explained by each of these QTL ranged from 4.7 to 29.7%. Positive alleles for 28 of these QTLs were derived from Q1028. Of these QTLs, 25 (56%) were detected in at least two growing seasons. Fifteen stable QTLs that were significant across all three growing seasons were identified. Novel QTLs derived from Q1028 were identified, such as QSd.sau‐7A for spikelet density, QTgw.sau‐2B for TGW and QSns.sau‐3D for SNS. Eleven QTL clusters were detected, including one on chromosome 5A flanked by the markers wPt‐9094 and wPt‐9513. This cluster consists of QTLs controlling HD, AN, PHT, SL, and spikelet density and explained 6.6 to 12.6% of the phenotypic variation in these traits. The QTLs and molecular markers identified here could be useful in fine mapping and breeding programs.
Cultivar‐Specific Changes in Peanut Yield, Biomass, and Allergenicity in Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration
Authors: Ziska Lewis H. , Yang Jinyoung , Tomecek Martha B. , Beggs Paul J.
Published: June 2016

Intraspecific variation in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] could be used as a means to begin selection for improved quantitative or qualitative characteristics for a given crop. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous crop of global importance; however multiyear field assessments of intraspecific variation in yield or seed quality in regard to rising atmospheric [CO2] are scarce. In the current study, we examined the seed yield, above‐ground biomass, and concentration of a seed storage protein and primary allergen (Ara h 1) for two peanut cultivars with distinct morphologies, ‘Virginia Jumbo’ and ‘Georgia Green’, grown in open‐top field chambers at ambient or ambient + 250 µmol mol−1 [CO2] for a 2‐yr period. Significant differences in cultivar, [CO2], and cultivar × [CO2] were observed for above‐ground biomass and seed (peanut) yield, with Virginia Jumbo showing a consistently greater increase relative to Georgia Green in response to elevated [CO2]. The greater quantitative response of Virginia Jumbo to [CO2] was also concurrent with a significant increase in the concentration of Ara h 1 for this cultivar, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with overall protein concentration. While preliminary, these results indicate that selection opportunities exist to match yield increases to rising [CO2] for peanut through genetic or phenotypic selection; in addition, these are also the first data to show that [CO2]‐induced qualitative changes, particularly in regard to increased allergen concentration, should also be considered to address food safety concerns.
The NMR Relaxation Response of Unconsolidated Sediments during Drainage and Imbibition
Authors: Falzone Samuel , Keating Kristina
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas

NMR relaxation rates are a function of water content but do not exhibit hysteresis.

NMR sum of echoes does not exhibit hysteresis with imbibition and drainage.

The results are consistent across the synthetic sands and natural soils investigated.

Results suggest NMR can characterize the WRC but not distinguish drainage from imbibition.

In this laboratory study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data were collected on unconsolidated sediment to determine the NMR response, characterized by the mean‐log transverse relaxation rate,T2ML−1, and the sum of echoes, SOE, during drainage and imbibition. Measurements were made on four synthetic sands, with a range of grain sizes and Fe content, and two natural loamy sand soils. A porous ceramic plate apparatus was used to induce drainage and imbibition. Water content (θ) was plotted vs. matric potential (ψ) to give the water retention curve (WRC). The drainage and imbibition branches of the WRC were then compared with the corresponding branches of the θ–T2ML−1and θ–SOE curves. We observed the expected linear trend between NMR signal magnitude and θ. The θ–T2ML−1or θ–SOE curves did not exhibit drainage–imbibition hysteresis, even thoughT2ML−1and SOE varied with θ and the WRC did exhibit hysteresis. Using a simple pore network model, we show that, for well‐connected networks, the surface‐area/volume ratio of the water‐occupied porosity is similar during drainage and imbibition, explaining the lack of hysteresis present in the measured θ–T2ML−1or θ–SOE curves. For materials with poorly connected pore networks, hysteresis may be observed. We conclude that, for the materials used in this study, it is not possible to distinguish drainage from imbibition usingT2ML−1or SOE. However, becauseT2ML−1and SOE depend on θ, NMR data may be useful for characterizing a single branch or an average of the two branches of the WRC by relating these NMR parameters to ψ.
Hydrologic Impacts of Thawing Permafrost—A Review
Authors: Walvoord Michelle A. , Kurylyk Barret L.
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas

This review synthesizes the state of the science in permafrost hydrology.

Observed and projected hydrologic impacts of permafrost thaw are discussed.

Characterization, modeling, and knowledge gaps of permafrost systems are identified.

Translating results between multiple scales in cold regions presents a challenge.

Opportunities for advancement in the field of permafrost hydrology are described.

Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to modify the distribution of permafrost, leading to changing hydrologic conditions, including alterations in soil moisture, connectivity of inland waters, streamflow seasonality, and the partitioning of water stored above and below ground. The field of permafrost hydrology is undergoing rapid advancement with respect to multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, modeling, and integration with other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability of the many interrelated consequences of climate change is a persistent challenge due to several factors. Observations of hydrologic change have been causally linked to permafrost thaw, but applications of process‐based models needed to support and enhance the transferability of empirical linkages have often been restricted to generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline permafrost and unfrozen hydrogeologic characterization, lack of historical data, and simplifications in structure and process representation needed to counter the high computational demands of cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, due in part to the large degree of subsurface heterogeneity of permafrost landscapes and the nonuniformity in thaw patterns and rates, associations between various modes of permafrost thaw and hydrologic change are not readily scalable; even trajectories of change can differ. This review highlights promising advances in characterization and modeling of permafrost regions and presents ongoing research challenges toward projecting hydrologic and ecologic consequences of permafrost thaw at time and spatial scales that are useful to managers and researchers.
Deliberación y decisión según Aristóteles
Authors: Vigo Alejandro
Published: June 2016

En el presente artículo se sostiene que la filosofía práctica de Aristóteles puede dar lugar a dos sentidos distintos de προαίρεσις, los cuales se encuentran relacionados a su vez con dos sentidos distintos de deliberación. El primer sentido de προαίρεσις hace referencia a las elecciones deliberadas particulares, en las que el fin que se busca alcanzar, el deseo relacionado y los medios empleados son de carácter particular y se encuentran circunscritos a la situación concreta en que se realiza la elección. En cambio, el segundo sentido de προαίρεσις se refiere a las elecciones vinculadas con objetivos de mediano y largo plazo, que si bien pueden ser particulares, buscan fines que trascienden la particularidad de la situación dada. Al primer tipo de προαίρεσις le corresponde la "deliberación descendente", mientras que al segundo le corresponde la "deliberación ascendente". Finalmente se presenta un análisis de las características del silogismo práctico de acuerdo a los dos tipos de deliberación.Palabras clave: Aristóteles, προαίρεσις, "deliberación ascendente", "deliberación descendente", decisión, silogismo práctico.
Aristotle on Becoming Human
Authors: Baracchi Claudia
Published: June 2016

Este ensayo se enfoca en las reflexiones de Aristóteles sobre el ser humano - sobre la humanidad no como algo dado, sino como un hecho en devenir, entendido como una tarea. Resalto el trabajo constructivo involucrado en el proceso de llegar a hacerse humano, y muestro que, lejos de una construcción en su carácter meramente técnico-mecánico, está en juego un proceso formativo que en buena medida se desenvuelve en la oscuridad y carece de guías eidéticas claras. En efecto, es a través de dicho proceso, de semejante tanteo en la oscuridad, como se puede llegar a obtener, si es que esto es posible, claridad eidética. En el análisis del extraordinario artefacto que es el ser humano, discuto cuestiones relativas a la indemostrabilidad de los primeros principios, el carácter arquitectónico de la ética y su función fundamental respecto a las demás empresas humanas incluyendo las disciplinas científicas (la ética como filosofía primera), la relación entre constitución humana y naturaleza, y problemas sobre la libertad, la autorrealización y la autosuperación.Palabras clave: Aristóteles, ética, libertad, autorrealización, autosuperación.
Primacía de la voluntad y virtud moral en Juan Duns Escoto
Authors: Cuccia Emiliano Javier
Published: June 2016

El siguiente artículo analiza la doctrina de Duns Escoto referida al sujeto de las virtudes morales, y plantea la fuerte influencia que ha tenido en ella la aceptación hecha por parte del Doctor Subtilis de las tesis voluntaristas presentes en su época.Palabras clave: voluntarismo, virtud moral, Juan Duns Escoto, filosofía moral, siglo XIV.
Alejandro Llano: Caminos de la filosofía
Authors: Fernández Héctor Velázquez
Published: June 2016

Pamplona: EUNSA 2011, 404 pp.
Steve Buckler: Hannah Arendt and Political Theory: Challenging the Tradition.
Authors: Castillejos María José García
Published: June 2016

Esta interpretación sobre Arendt presenta un desafío para Steve Buckler, autor de Hannah Arendt and Political Theory: Challenging the Tradition, pues su texto intenta reconstruir el argumento de Arendtsobre el pensamiento y la política, cuando gran parte de las obras de Arendt están dedicadas a la política, y sólo sus últimas obras abordan explícitamente el concepto de pensamiento. Asimismo, Buckler pretende sistematizar la filosofía de Arendt, cuando la autora nunca quiso presentar un trabajo sistematizado.
El octágono medieval de Oposición para oraciones con predicados cuantificados
Authors: Benítez Juan Manuel Campos
Published: June 2016

El cuadrado tradicional de oposición consta de cuatro clases de oraciones: dos universales y dos particulares, dos afirmativas y dos negativas. Ejemplos, donde “S” y “P” designan sujeto y predicado, son: “todo S es P”, “Ningún S es P”, “Algún S es P” y “Algún S no es P”. Tomando estas oraciones y cuantificando sobre los predicados obtenemos formas no usuales que pueden ser combinadas en cuadrados no usuales de oposición (un octágono en este caso) y que muestran una relación que no está en el cuadrado tradicional. Los lógicos medievales llamaron disparatae a oraciones como “Todo S es algún P” y “Algún S es todo P”. Walter Redmond ha diseñado un lenguaje especial L para expresar, de manera precisa, la forma lógica de estas oraciones. Usaré este lenguaje para mostrar cómo los cuadrados de oposición usual e inusual forman una compleja red de relaciones que muestran la complejidad de esta doctrina tradicional.
La estructura básica rawlsiana, la fraternidad y el Principio Aristotélico
Authors: Lizárraga Fernando A.
Published: June 2016

En este artículo re-examinaremos la idea rawlsiana de que la estructura básica constituye el objeto primario de la justicia, a partir de la discusión planteada por G.A. Cohen. Veremos si, en efecto, las decisiones personales pueden quedar fuera del alcance de los principios de justicia o, en otras palabras, hasta qué punto la justicia es sólo un asunto institucional. Para ensayar una respuesta –siempre provisional– al problema del objeto de la justicia convocaremos al Principio Aristotélico propuesto por Rawls. En tal sentido, diremos que, para mantener su postura ortodoxa sobre la exclusividad de la estructura básica como locus de la justicia, Rawls no sólo debería renunciar a su afirmación de que la fraternidad se expresa en el Principio de Diferencia –tal como lo demanda Cohen–, sino también a su pretensión de que la justicia como equidad sea compatible con la noción aristotélica de la justicia en tanto elusión de la pleonexia.
Ética para matador. Savater, los toros y la ética.
Authors: Ortiz-Millán Gustavo
Published: June 2016

En este artículo analizo los principales argumentos del libro Tauroética de Fernando Savater. Él afirma que existen argumentos morales a favor de las corridas de toros, por lo que ser taurino es una opción ética legítima. Aquí sostengo que está en un error y que los argumentos morales no tienen la fuerza que él les adjudica; puede haber razones económicas, políticas o de otro tipo a favor de las corridas, pero no hay razones morales. Afirmo, en cambio, que sí hay razones morales fuertes en contra de las corridas que se basan en que los toros son objeto de consideración moral, es decir, tienen un estatus moral independiente de nuestros intereses. A partir de esta premisa examino y objeto, bajo una perspectiva ética, otros argumentos de Savater.
Luigi Amara: La escuela del aburrimiento, México-Barcelona: Sexto Piso, 2012, 287 pp.
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo
Published: June 2016

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