bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Acevedo Carlos Islas , Kazemi Reyhaneh , Fantini Sebastien , Lin Rongying , Hahn Robert
Published: June 2021

Herein, the use of a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) comprising polyacrylonitrile and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride:aluminum trichloride (EMIMCl:AlCl3) ionic liquid in aluminum batteries is investigated. The investigated GPE is characterized in terms of conduction properties. The obtained ionic conductivity values are suitable for battery applications. The ability of the GPE to sustain an efficient aluminum stripping deposition process is verified, revealing the need of a swelling process to enable the aluminum plating/stripping. The mitigation of the chloroaluminate corrosivity in the GPE is confirmed by evaluating the corrosion current of stainless steel 316 current collectors. The long‐term ability of GPE to sustain the stripping deposition process is tested, evidencing a good Al/GPE interface stability. Finally, the GPE electrolyte suitability in the Al battery is verified by assembling an Al/GPE/pyrolytic graphite (PG) cell. The test cell shows a good cycling ability, demonstrating the suitability of the GPE electrolyte for the realization of aluminum batteries.
Effect of vegetation cover and sediment type on 3D subsurface structure and shear strength in saltmarshes
Authors: Chirol Clementine , Spencer Kate L. , Carr Simon J. , Möller Iris , Evans Ben , Lynch Jason , Brooks Helen , Royse Katherine R.
Published: June 2021

The vulnerability of saltmarshes to lateral erosion at their margin depends on the local biogeomorphological properties of the substrate. In particular, the 3D architecture of pore and root systems is expected to influence shear strength, with repercussions for the wider‐scale stability of saltmarshes. We apply X‐ray computed microtomography (μCT) to visualize and quantify subsurface structures in two UK saltmarshes at Tillingham Farm, Essex (silt/clay rich substrate) and Warton Sands (sand‐rich substrate), with four types of ground cover: bare ground, Spartina spp, Salicornia spp and Puccinellia spp. We extracted μCT structural parameters that characterize pore and root morphologies at each station, and compared them with field measurements of shear strength using a principal component analysis and correlation tests. The 3D volumes show that species‐dependent variations in root structures, plant colonization events and bioturbation activity control the morphology of macropores, while sediment cohesivity determines the structural stability and persistence of these pore structures over time, even after the vegetation has died. Areas of high porosity and high mean pore thickness were correlated to lower values of shear strength, especially at Tillingham Farm, where well‐connected vertical systems of macropores were associated with current or previous colonization by Spartina spp. However, while well‐connected systems of macropores may lower the local deformation threshold of the sediment, they also encourage drainage, promote vegetation growth and reduce the marsh vulnerability to hydrodynamic forces. The highest values of shear strength at both sites were found under Puccinellia spp, and were associated with a high density of mesh‐like root structures that bind the sediment and resist deformation. Future studies of marsh stability should ideally consider time series of vegetation cover, especially in silt/clay‐dominated saltmarshes, in order to consider the potential effect of preserved buried networks of macropores on water circulation, marsh functioning and cliff‐face erosion.
Effects of thermal and nonthermal processing technology on the quality of red sour soup after storage
Authors: Yangbo He , Yongfu Li , Xingbang Luo , Guolin Li , Zhaoyan Duan , Chaojun Chen
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we investigated the effects of thermal preservation, such as pasteurization, and nonthermal preservation, including irradiation, sodium dehydroacetate (SDHA), and nisin, on the quality of red sour soup after storage. Single‐factor experiments were used to optimize the parameters of different processing technologies, and the best irradiation dose and heating temperature were 4 kGy and 85℃, respectively. The optimal additive amounts of SDHA and nisin were 150 mg/500 g. During the shelf storage experiment, prepared red sour soup was stored at room temperature in the glass bottles, and further analyses were carried out up to 5 weeks of storage. The quality of red sour soup was evaluated by microflora and sensory analysis. The results showed that Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Pediococcus, Pichia, Kazachstania, and Candida were the main microorganisms in all samples, and there were no harmful microorganisms. The sensorial attributes were observed, including different parameters, such as odor, organic acid content, color, taste, texture, apparent viscosity, and thixotropy. All of the data showed that the irradiated groups were more dramatically changed compared with the other groups, while these changes did not directly affect the sensory quality of the products. Consequently, irradiation could be used as an ideal quality preservation method for the red sour soup to reduce the impact of heat treatment and chemical additives on the quality of characteristic food.
Abnormal brain functional network dynamics in obsessive–compulsive disorder patients and their unaffected first‐degree relatives
Authors: Peng Ziwen , Guo Ya , Wu Xiangshu , Yang Qiong , Wei Zhen , Seger Carol A. , Chen Qi
Published: June 2021

We utilized dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis to compare participants with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with their unaffected first‐degree relative (UFDR) and healthy controls (HC). Resting state fMRI was performed on 46 OCD, 24 UFDR, and 49 HCs, along with clinical assessments. dFNC analyses revealed two distinct connectivity states: a less frequent, integrated state characterized by the predominance of between‐network connections (State I), and a more frequent, segregated state with strong within‐network connections (State II). OCD patients spent more time in State II and less time in State I than HC, as measured by fractional windows and mean dwell time. Time in each state for the UFDR were intermediate between OCD patients and HC. Within the OCD group, fractional windows of time spent in State I was positively correlated with OCD symptoms (as measured by the obsessive compulsive inventory‐revised [OCI‐R], r = .343, p<.05, FDR correction) and time in State II was negatively correlated with symptoms (r = −.343, p<.05, FDR correction). Within each state we also examined connectivity within and between established intrinsic connectivity networks, and found that UFDR were similar to the OCD group in State I, but more similar to the HC groups in State II. The similarities between OCD and UFDR groups in temporal properties and State I connectivity indicate that these features may reflect the endophenotype for OCD. These results indicate that the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity could be a useful biomarker to identify those at risk.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Hepatic Stellate Cell–Activation Roadmap and Myofibroblast Origin During Liver Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Yang Wu , He Hao , Wang Tongtong , Su Nan , Zhang Feng , Jiang Kai , Zhu Jing , Zhang Chonghe , Niu Kongyan , Wang Luyue , Yuan Xiaodong , Liu Nan , Li Lingjie , Wei Wu , Hu Junhao
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims

HSCs and portal fibroblasts (PFs) are the major sources of collagen‐producing myofibroblasts during liver fibrosis, depending on different etiologies. However, the mechanisms by which their dynamic gene expression directs the transition from the quiescent to the activated state—as well as their contributions to fibrotic myofibroblasts—remain unclear. Here, we analyze the activation of HSCs and PFs in CCL4‐induced and bile duct ligation–induced fibrosis mouse models, using single‐cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing.

Approach and Results

We demonstrate that HSCs, rather than PFs, undergo dramatic transcriptomic changes, with the sequential activation of inflammatory, migrative, and extracellular matrix–producing programs. The data also reveal that HSCs are the exclusive source of myofibroblasts in CCL4‐treated liver, while PFs are the major source of myofibroblasts in early cholestatic liver fibrosis. Single‐cell and lineage‐tracing analysis also uncovers differential gene‐expression features between HSCs and PFs; for example, nitric oxide receptor soluble guanylate cyclase is exclusively expressed in HSCs, but not in PFs. The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator Riociguat potently reduced liver fibrosis in CCL4‐treated livers but showed no therapeutic efficacy in bile duct ligation livers.

Conclusions

This study provides a transcriptional roadmap for the activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis and yields comprehensive evidence that the differential transcriptomic features of HSCs and PFs, along with their relative contributions to liver fibrosis of different etiologies, should be considered in developing effective antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two novel ELL associated factor homologs
Authors: Dabas Preeti , Dhingra Yukti , Sweta Kumari , Chakrabarty Mohima , Singhal Ritwik , Tyagi Prasidhi , Behera Pabitra Mohan , Dixit Anshuman , Bhattacharjee Saikat , Sharma Nimisha
Published: June 2021

Transcription elongation is one of the key steps at which RNA polymerase II‐directed expression of protein‐coding genes is regulated in eukaryotic cells. Different proteins have been shown to control this process, including the ELL/EAF family. ELL Associated Factors (EAFs) were first discovered in a yeast two‐hybrid screen as interaction partners of the human ELL (Eleven nineteen Lysine‐rich Leukemia) transcription elongation factor. Subsequently, they have been identified in different organisms, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, no homolog(s) of EAF has as yet been characterized from plants. In the present work, we identified EAF orthologous sequences in different plants and have characterized two novel Arabidopsis thaliana EAF homologs, AtEAF‐1 (At1g71080) and AtEAF‐2 (At5g38050). Sequence analysis showed that both AtEAF‐1 and AtEAF‐2 exhibit similarity with its S. pombe EAF counterpart. Moreover, both Arabidopsis thaliana and S. pombe EAF orthologs share conserved sequence characteristic features. Computational tools also predicted a high degree of disorder in regions towards the carboxyl terminus of these EAF proteins. We demonstrate that AtEAF‐2, but not AtEAF‐1 functionally complements growth deficiencies of Schizosaccharomyces pombe eaf mutant. We also show that only AtEAF‐1 displays transactivation potential resembling the S. pombe EAF ortholog. Subsequent expression analysis in A. thaliana showed that both homologs were expressed at varying levels during different developmental stages and in different tissues tested in the study. Individual null‐mutants of either AtEAF‐1 or AtEAF‐2 are developmentally normal implying their functional redundancy. Taken together, our results provide first evidence that A. thaliana also possesses functional EAF proteins, suggesting an evolutionary conservation of these proteins across organisms.
A study on the physical properties of low melting mixtures and their use as catalysts/solvent in the synthesis of barbiturates
Authors: Theresa Letcy Vincent , Avudaiappan Govindan , Shaibuna Machingal , Hiba Kottayil , Sreekumar Krishnapillai
Published: June 2021

In recent years, deep eutectic solvents have become attractive due to their interesting characteristics such as, physicochemical properties, low cost of components, easiness to prepare, low toxicity, bio‐renewability, and biodegradability. In order to make the deep eutectic mixture more cost‐effective and renewable, carbohydrate derivatives were linked with deep eutectic mixtures, since, carbohydrates are the most important and widespread renewable compounds on the earth. In this work, we have used low melting mixtures comprised of carbohydrates to create the reaction media for organic transformations. The physical properties such as density, viscosity, acidity, refractive index, surface tension, solubility, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, solvent polarity, and toxicity of the mixture were studied. Low melting mixtures were used as reaction media and catalysts for the effective synthesis of Barbiturates. The reaction between aldehydes and barbituric acid/thiobarbituric acid, and the reaction between aldehydes, barbituric acid/thiobarbituric acid, and malononitrile/dimedone were performed effectively with good to excellent yields. The recyclability of the catalyst/solvent was also established.
Formal supervisors' role in stimulating team members' informal leader emergence: Supervisor and member status as critical moderators
Authors: Briker Roman , Hohmann Sebastian , Walter Frank , Lam Catherine K. , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2021

Teams can benefit markedly when formal supervisors stimulate their individual members' emergence as informal leaders. Combining insights from informal leadership research and social learning theory, we cast supervisors' role modeling of initiating structure and consideration behaviors as seemingly straightforward means of achieving this—but we suggest that the success of such role modeling critically hinges on supervisors' as well as members' status in the team. Results from a study of 220 nurses across 48 teams showed, accordingly, that a supervisor's initiating structure promoted individual members' informal leader emergence by increasing members' respective behavior. This indirect relationship only materialized, however, among relatively high‐status supervisors and relatively low‐status members. Moreover, although supervisors' and members' consideration were positively related (among relatively high‐status supervisors and largely irrespective of a member's status), such behavior did not influence members' emergence as informal leaders. Together, these findings offer novel insights into how, when, and why formal supervisors may aid their team members' attainment of informal leader roles. They shed new light on the complexity of formal–informal leadership linkages, with both supervisors' and members' standing in the team representing crucial, yet heretofore largely unexamined boundary conditions for formal supervisors' respective influence.
Raman spectroscopy potentiality in the study of geopolymers reaction degree
Authors: Caggiani Maria Cristina , Coccato Alessia , Barone Germana , Finocchiaro Claudio , Fugazzotto Maura , Lanzafame Gabriele , Occhipinti Roberta , Stroscio Antonio , Mazzoleni Paolo
Published: June 2021

Alkali‐activated materials (AAMs) and “geopolymers” are inorganic polymeric materials obtained by mixing of solid aluminosilicate precursors with an alkaline solution (generally, KOH or NaOH and Na2SiO3 mixed in various ratios). This class of aluminosilicate materials has emerged as a greener alternative to traditional concrete, for large‐scale as well as for niche applications such as conservation and restoration of built heritage. In this work we apply Raman spectroscopy both to aluminosilicate precursors (metakaolin, pumice, volcanic ash, volcanic soils, clayey sediments, ceramic waste) and to the respective AAMs. In the field of vibrational spectroscopy, Raman is much less employed in the literature with respect to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to have insights into the alkali activation process from a molecular point of view. The aim of this paper is to investigate the potentiality of a Raman approach to the comparison of the employed raw materials with the respective AAMs. Raman analyses during the first hours of geopolymerization were also carried out on the clayey sediments and ceramic waste‐based products. The results, differentiated according to the employed precursors, exhibit spectra relative to crystalline and amorphous phases that can give an indication about the newly formed aluminosilicate gel.
CLUSTER searching approach to inform evidence syntheses: A methodological review
Authors: Tsang Anthony , Maden Michelle
Published: June 2021

Background

The CLUSTER model of searching was proposed as a systematic method of searching for studies for reviews of complex interventions.

Aim

The method has not been evaluated before. This methodological review identified and evaluated a sample of evidence syntheses that have used CLUSTER.

Methods

A forward citation search on the seed CLUSTER publication was conducted on Web of Science Core Collection using six journal citation indexes and Google Scholar in December 2020. Reviews which used the CLUSTER method were eligible for inclusion. A narrative synthesis was used to describe the types of evidence syntheses that used CLUSTER searching, the extent to which the CLUSTER approach has been operationalised within evidence syntheses and whether the value, benefits and limitations of CLUSTER were assessed by the reviewers.

Findings

A total of 16 reviews were identified and eligible for synthesis. Six different review types that used CLUSTER were identified with realist reviews being the most prominent. The evaluation of complex interventions was the most common review topic area. The use of CLUSTER varied among reviews with the retrieval of sibling studies being the most common reason. ‘Citations’ and ‘Lead authors’ were the most followed elements of CLUSTER.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that CLUSTER has been adopted for use in reviews of complex interventions. Its usage varied among the included reviews. It is imperative that future reviewers diligently report the elements and steps of CLUSTER that were utilised in order to provide a reproducible and transparent search strategy that can be reported with similar transparency to bibliographic database searches.
A Tribute to Dr. Milton J. Rosen: An Innovator and Leader in Surfactant Science and Technology
Authors: Zhu Yung‐Peng , Vinson Phillip K. , Smith George A. , Hayes Douglas G.
Published: June 2021

It is our pleasure and honor to commemorate Dr. Milton J. Rosen by publishing this special issue to recognize his contributions and accomplishments in surfactant science and applications. Dr. Rosen had been a mentor and a colleague to many former students, visiting scholars, and scientists from academia and industry over the years. This paper provides an overview of his professional and personal life and his impact on the field of surfactant science and technology and on the American Oil Chemists' Society.
The Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Burden in Oral Cavity Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐You , Iandelli Andrea , Marchi Filippo , Huang Yenlin , Tai Shiao‐Fwu , Hung Shao‐Yu , Kao Huang‐Kai , Chang Kai‐Ping
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Lymph node burden has been proposed to estimate the cumulative adverse effect of nodal metastasis. In this study, a meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node burden in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Designs

Systemic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library as well as manual searches were performed until April 2020. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and disease‐free survival were extracted and pooled.

Results

Eleven included studies were published between 2009 and 2019. The cumulative number of patients was 20,607 (range 35–14,554). Extranodal extension was adjusted or evaluated in all of the studies. The meta‐analysis indicated that a higher lymph node burden was significantly related to worse overall survival (HR 2.62, 95% CI 2.12–3.25), worse disease‐specific survival (HR 3.14, 95% CI 1.85–5.33) and worse disease‐free survival (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.62–3.26). The highest hazard ratio was observed when the cutoff value was 3 for overall survival, 3 for disease‐specific survival, and 4 for disease‐free survival. The hazard ratio showed an upward trend before the cutoff value of 3 but no significant incremental change when the cutoff exceeded 3.

Conclusions

In oral squamous cell carcinoma, lymph node burden is an independent prognosticator for survival outcomes. However, more prospective or high‐quality studies are required to determine the optimal cutoff.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 132:88–95, 2022
Identification of abstract features presented at the combined otolaryngology spring meeting predicting publication in impactful peer‐reviewed journals
Authors: Genc Fatma S. , Dwyer Christopher D. , Rosow David E. , Stockton Steven D. , Young VyVy N. , Rosen Clark A.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Review abstracts presented at the Combined Otolaryngology Society Meeting (COSM) to determine subsequent publication and identify abstract features predictive of publication in high impact journals.

Methods

A selection of abstracts accepted in the 2015 COSM scientific programs were retrospectively reviewed. MEDLINE searches via PubMed and Google Scholar were performed to determine publication rates. The Journal of Citation Reports was used to determine impact factors for published abstracts. Binomial regression analyses were used to identify factors related to publication in high impact journals.

Results

62.4% of reviewed abstracts (n = 623) were subsequently published, with a mean publication time of 14 ± 12 months. Abstract features predictive of publication were basic science type, other science type, prospective studies, multi‐institutional involvement, and presentation at the American Laryngologic Association and American Otologic Society meetings. Based on Wald score, podium presentation was found to have the biggest effect on publication. Factors positively associated with publication in high impact (impact factor > 2.272) journals were increased author number and sample size.

Conclusions

Overall publication rate of abstracts selected for presentation at COSM in 2015 was on the higher end of previously reported otolaryngology meetings. Abstracts detailing basic science, other science, prospective and multi‐institutional studies were more likely to lead to future publication. Additionally, increased number of authors and sample size lead to publication in higher impact journals.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
Integrating socially accountable health professional education and learning health systems to transform community health and health systems
Authors: Wood Brianne , Fitzgerald Michael , Kendall Claire , Cameron Erin
Published: June 2021

A learning health system aims to create value in health systems using data‐driven innovations, quality improvement techniques, and collaborations between health system partners. Although the concept is mobilized through cycles of learning, most instantiations of the learning health system overlook the importance of formalized learning in educational settings. Social accountability in health professional education focuses on measurably improving people's health and health care, specifically through education and training activities. In this commentary, we argue that the idea of social accountability clearly articulates a rationale and a broad range of aspirations, whereas the learning health system offers an approach to achieve these goals. With a similar aim to a learning health system, social accountability promotes partnerships between health professional education, the health system, and communities in a way that allows for co‐designed and contextualized interventions. On the other hand, learning health systems prioritize data, research, and analytic capacities to facilitate quality improvement. An integrative framework could enhance learning cycles by collectively designing interventions and innovations with people and communities from health, research, and education systems. As well as aspiring to improve population health and health equity, such a framework will consider broader impacts, including the degree of participation amongst a range of partners and the level of responsiveness to partners' priorities.
Assessment of an Lp‐space multi‐focusing inversion method for subsoil mapping with multi‐frequency data
Authors: Randazzo Andrea , Estatico Claudio , Fedeli Alessandro , Rosatti Pietro , Salucci Marco , Zardi Francesco , Pastorino Matteo
Published: June 2021

A multi‐focusing method for quantitative subsoil inverse scattering (IS), which enhances an inexact‐Newton (IN) technique by means of an iterative zooming strategy, is considered. The approach simultaneously exploits multi‐chromatic scattered field data from a set of multi‐static probes above the air‐soil interface. Numerical experiments have been carried out in order to analyze the performance of the developed technique versus the depth of buried objects, as well as in the presence of inhomogeneous targets. The presented results demonstrate the advantages of the multi‐focusing approach in challenging scenarios as compared to a standard single‐resolution IN method in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
A transformer‐based injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Wan Cao , Wu Liang , Zhu Haoshen , Xu Taotao , Xue Quan
Published: June 2021

This letter reports a divide‐by‐four injection‐locked frequency divider with a transformer‐based fourth‐order tank. In the divider, the tank has two resonance peaks at ω0 and 3ω0 to enhance the injection efficiency, therefore, the locking range is enlarged. Besides, the divider contains a buffer for output third‐harmonic suppression. The proposed divider has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process with a die size of 0.535 mm2, and the power consumption is 9.8 mW at 0.6 V supply voltage. The locking range is 12.1% from 27.8 to 31.4 GHz at 0 dBm power injection, the third‐harmonic rejection is over 18 dB in the whole band, and the best one is 22.9 dB.
A hybrid feature selection‐based approach for brain tumor detection and automatic segmentation on multiparametric magnetic resonance images
Authors: Chen Hao , Ban Duo , Qi X. Sharon , Pan Xiaoying , Qiang Yongqian , Yang Qing
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To develop a novel method based on feature selection, combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and ensemble learning (EL), to achieve high accuracy and efficiency of glioma detection and segmentation using multiparametric MRIs.

Methods

We proposed an evolutionary feature selection‐based hybrid approach for glioma detection and segmentation on 4 MR sequences (T2‐FLAIR, T1, T1Gd, and T2). First, we trained a lightweight CNN to detect glioma and mask the suspected region to process large batch of MRI images. Second, we employed a differential evolution algorithm to search a feature space, which composed of 416‐dimension radiomic features extracted from four sequences of MRIs and 128‐dimension high‐order features extracted by the CNN, to generate an optimal feature combination for pixel classification. Finally, we trained an EL classifier using the optimal feature combination to segment whole tumor (WT) and its subregions including nonenhancing tumor (NET), peritumoral edema (ED), and enhancing tumor (ET) in the suspected region. Experiments were carried out on 300 glioma patients from the BraTS2019 dataset using fivefold cross validation, the model was independently validated using the rest 35 patients from the same database.

Results

The approach achieved a detection accuracy of 98.8% using four MRIs. The Dice coefficients (and standard deviations) were 0.852 ± 0.057, 0.844 ± 0.046, and 0.799 ± 0.053 for segmentation of WT (NET+ET+ED), tumor core (NET+ET), and ET, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities were 0.873 ± 0.074, 0.863 ± 0.072, and 0.852 ± 0.082; the specificities were 0.994 ± 0.005, 0.994 ± 0.005, and 0.995 ± 0.004 for the WT, tumor core, and ET, respectively. The performances and calculation times were compared with the state‐of‐the‐art approaches, our approach yielded a better overall performance with average processing time of 139.5 s per set of four sequence MRIs.

Conclusions

We demonstrated a robust and computational cost‐effective hybrid segmentation approach for glioma and its subregions on multi‐sequence MR images. The proposed approach can be used for automated target delineation for glioma patients.
Antibiotics in myasthenia gravis: Thinking outside the black box
Authors: Cea Gabriel , Salinas Rodrigo A.
Published: June 2021

See article on pages 156–162 in this issue.
A scoping review of transition interventions for young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Viola Adrienne , Porter Jerlym , Shipman Jelaina , Brooks Ellen , Valrie Cecelia
Published: June 2021

Standardized programming for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) transitioning from pediatric to adult‐centered care does not currently exist, resulting in high rates of mortality and morbidity. This scoping review examines and evaluates the current literature on SCD transition programs and interventions. Eligible studies described an existing program for individuals with SCD aged 12–29 years preparing to transition. The Evidence Project risk‐of‐bias tool was used to assess article quality. We identified 30 eligible articles, of which, only two were randomized controlled trials. Many studies have incomplete reports of feasibility information, such as completion rates, patient characteristics, and attrition; all studies were limited to a single institution; and most studies were rated high for risk of bias. Progress has been made in designing and gathering initial evaluation data for SCD transition programs; however, there is a need for higher quality studies, consistent assessment, and better dissemination of programs.
The mechanism of action of the SSB interactome reveals it is the first OB‐fold family of genome guardians in prokaryotes
Authors: Bianco Piero R.
Published: June 2021

The single‐stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is essential to all aspects of DNA metabolism in bacteria. This protein performs two distinct, but closely intertwined and indispensable functions in the cell. SSB binds to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and at least 20 partner proteins resulting in their regulation. These partners comprise a family of genome guardians known as the SSB interactome. Essential to interactome regulation is the linker/OB‐fold network of interactions. This network of interactions forms when one or more PXXP motifs in the linker of SSB bind to an OB‐fold in a partner, with interactome members involved in competitive binding between the linker and ssDNA to their OB‐fold. Consequently, when linker‐binding occurs to an OB‐fold in an interactome partner, proteins are loaded onto the DNA. When linker/OB‐fold interactions occur between SSB tetramers, cooperative ssDNA‐binding results, producing a multi‐tetrameric complex that rapidly protects the ssDNA. Within this SSB‐ssDNA complex, there is an extensive and dynamic network of linker/OB‐fold interactions that involves multiple tetramers bound contiguously along the ssDNA lattice. The dynamic behavior of these tetramers which includes binding mode changes, sliding as well as DNA wrapping/unwrapping events, are likely coupled to the formation and disruption of linker/OB‐fold interactions. This behavior is essential to facilitating downstream DNA processing events. As OB‐folds are critical to the essence of the linker/OB‐fold network of interactions, and they are found in multiple interactome partners, the SSB interactome is classified as the first family of prokaryotic, oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold (OB‐fold) genome guardians.
The effect of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure in diabetic patients: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Darand Mina , Hajizadeh Oghaz Masoomeh , Hadi Amir , Atefi Masoumeh , Amani Reza
Published: June 2021

Due to the increasing rate of cardiovascular disease and related risk factors in the worldin recent decades, the present meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the effects ofcocoa/chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure control in diabetic patients. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochran Library was performed up to July 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using cocoa/dark chocolate in diabetic patients were included in the study. The search results were limited to English‐language publications. Eight RCTs, including 433 participants, were selected for this meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis indicated a significant reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL‐c levels (WMD: −15.49 mg/dl; 95% CI: −24.56, −6.42, p = .001) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations (WMD: −6.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: −13.28, −0.48, p = .03) following cocoa/dark chocolate consumption. The analysis of papers included in current study indicates that the consumption of cocoa/dark chocolate reduced the serum fasting blood glucose (FBS) and LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, further high quality trials are essential for confirming the clinical efficacy of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on complete metabolic profile.
Induced Coherence via Spontaneous Four‐Wave Mixing in Atomic Ensembles
Authors: Park Jiho , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb
Published: June 2021

Induced coherence was first demonstrated three decades ago in a proof‐of‐principle experiment using entangled photons from spontaneous parametric down‐conversion in nonlinear crystals. This phenomenon is considered an interesting instance of complementarity, which lies at the heart of quantum optics. Here, the first demonstration of induced coherence across two coupled interferometers based on spontaneous four‐wave mixing (SFWM) in two independent hot‐atomic‐vapor‐based entangled photon sources is reported. When both the pump and coupling lasers are split and interact with two warm 87Rb atomic ensembles, single‐photon interference is observed between the two idler photons of the narrowband photon pairs, generated via SFWM from the two cascade‐type atomic systems. Furthermore, it is found that the phase memory effect arises from the phase of the bidirectional counter‐propagating pump and coupling lasers, respectively. This work takes an important step toward the transition to the era of quantum optics being driven by atomic ensembles from solid‐state systems.
Soil–air phase characteristics: Response to texture, density, and land use in Greenland and Denmark
Authors: Pesch Charles , Weber Peter Lystbæk , de Jonge Lis Wollesen , Greve Mogens Humlekrog , Norgaard Trine , Moldrup Per
Published: June 2021

Soil aeration is a key parameter for sustainable and productive agriculture. The intensification of agricultural activity in Greenland involves land use (LU) and LU change, affecting the soil–air phase. The combined effects of natural compaction (bulk density, ρb), texture (texture uniformity index; TUI), and LU on the soil–air phase of subarctic soils are not well known. This study aims to identify and compare the main drivers for air‐filled porosity (ε) and soil‐structure changes within and across sites in Greenland and Denmark. We analyzed comprehensive data sets of ε, relative gas diffusivity Dp/Do), and air‐permeability (ka) measured on intact soil samples from South Greenland (pasture) and Denmark (cultivated, urban, and forest). The mechanical robustness of the air phase was evaluated by linear models of ε as a function of ρb (H‐model). The ratio of ka to Dp/Do served as a soil‐structure index (Ω); the latter significantly correlated to TUI. The Greenlandic pasture soils did not show signs of well‐developed soil structure (low Ω‐values), whereas low H‐values suggested the soils were mechanically robust compared to similar‐textured cultivated soils. The soil–air characteristic curve (ε vs. pF) was parameterized, and the moisture control parameter was accurately predicted by TUI and LU (R2 = .95). Overall, the ρb was found to control the air‐phase functions within a field. However, considering changes in ε‐levels across different fields, texture, LU, and other environmental factors became statistically more relevant than ρb. A modeled response surface for changes in ε with soil conditions may, in perspective, be useful for better‐predicting gas transport in soil, both within and across fields.
Multi‐node Expectation–Maximization algorithm for finite mixture models
Authors: Lee Sharon X. , McLachlan Geoffrey J. , Leemaqz Kaleb L.
Published: June 2021

Finite mixture models are powerful tools for modeling and analyzing heterogeneous data. Parameter estimation is typically carried out using maximum likelihood estimation via the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm. Recently, the adoption of flexible distributions as component densities has become increasingly popular. Often, the EM algorithm for these models involves complicated expressions that are time‐consuming to evaluate numerically. In this paper, we describe a parallel implementation of the EM algorithm suitable for both single‐threaded and multi‐threaded processors and for both single machine and multiple‐node systems. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the potential performance gain in different settings. Comparison is also made across two commonly used platforms—R and MATLAB. For illustration, a fairly general mixture model is used in the comparison.
Supramolecular Assemblies Showing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Comerford Thomas A. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: June 2021

Supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent components offer significant advantages over their discrete counterparts, including improved quantum yields, stability, and tunability. Following interest as advanced optoelectronic materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are incorporated into a range of supramolecular structures. Herein, a summary of the known examples of emissive supramolecular systems that operate via a TADF mechanism with comparisons, where possible, with their discrete counterparts is presented. While the types of supramolecular structures are diverse, there are limited examples shown for each class. With the increase in photophysical performance and/or emergence of new photochemical properties upon going from molecular to supramolecular, the potential that these systems hold becomes apparent.
Phylogenomic data reveal four major clades of Australian Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. , Bovill Jessica
Published: June 2021

Within tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae), the Australasian clade is one of the four major clades. In Australia, the Gnaphalieae account for 488 species or approximately half of the native Asteraceae, encompassing wide ecological and morphological diversity including shrubs, everlasting paper daisies, cudweeds, alpine cushion plants, and ephemeral herbs in the arid zone. The evolution of the Australasian clade is still poorly understood. The most detailed previous infratribal classification of Gnaphalieae has recently been revised, resulting in the recognition of two subtribes, with all Australian species placed in subtribe Gnaphaliinae. The most comprehensive previous phylogeny of Australian Gnaphalieae used high‐copy ribosomal and chloroplast markers but showed limited resolution and branch support. We used conserved ortholog set data produced with sequence capture and 53 chloroplast genes to infer nuclear and chloroplast likelihood phylogenies for Australian Gnaphalieae, generating data for at least one species each from 80 of the 86 native genera. Four major clades were resolved: the Euchiton clade of cudweed‐like and alpine perennial species; the shrubby Cassinia clade; the predominantly perennial and eastern Australian Waitzia clade; and the predominantly ephemeral and western Australian to Eremaean Angianthus clade. The Cassinia, Waitzia, and Angianthus clades are largely congruent with “groups” in a previous morphological analysis and classification of Gnaphalieae. Analysis of ancestral ranges implied the temperate Southeast of Australia as the most likely area of origin for the Australian Gnaphalieae as a whole and for three of the four major clades. The Angianthus clade was implied to be ancestrally Eremaean, with a major secondary radiation originating in southwestern Australia. Our broadly sampled phylogeny provides a framework to inform sampling and design of future studies to test the circumscription of genera.
Toxicogenicity and mechanistic pathways of aflatoxinB1induced renal injury
Authors: Dlamini Nomali Zanele , Somboro Anou M. , Amoako Daniel G. , Arhin Isaiah , Khumalo Hezekiel M. , Khan Rene B.
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the toxicogenic effects, molecular mechanisms and proteomic assessment of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) on human renal cells. Hek293 cells were exposed to AFB1(0–100 μM) for 24 h. The effect on cell viability was assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, which also produced the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) used in subsequent assays. Free radical production was evaluated by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrate concentration, while DNA fragmentation was determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. Damage to cell membranes was ascertained using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The concentration of ATP, reduced glutathione (GSH), necrosis, annexin V and caspase activity was measured by luminometry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression of proteins and genes associated with apoptosis and oxidative stress. The MTT assay revealed a reduction in cell viability of Hek293 cells as the AFB1concentration was increased, with a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 32.60 μM. The decreased viability corresponded to decreased ATP concentration. The upregulation of Hsp70 indicated that oxidative stress was induced in the AFB1‐treated cells. While this implies an increased production of free radicals, the accompanying upregulation of the antioxidant system indicates the activation of defense mechanisms to prevent cellular damage. Thus, membrane damage associated with increased radical formation was prevented as indicated by the reduced LDH release and necrosis. In addition, cytotoxic effects were evident as AFB1activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with corresponding increased DNA fragmentation, p53 and Bax upregulation and increased caspase activity, but externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a major hallmark of apoptosis, did not occur in AFB1treated renal cells. The results suggest that AFB1induced oxidative stress leading to cell death by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in renal cells.
Epimedium promotes steroidogenesis by CREB activation‐mediated mitochondrial fusion in endosulfan treated leydig cells
Authors: Chuang Ho‐Lin , Bharath Kumar V. , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Ho Chih‐Chu , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Chen Ray‐Jade , Padma Viswanadha Vijaya , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: June 2021

Epimedium, is used traditionally in Chinese medicine to treat infertility problems. In this study, we establish the cell model to elucidate the protective effect of epimedium against ES by analyzing the molecular relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and steroidogenesis and to explore the molecular mechanism focusing on mitochondria function relating to fertility. ES induced ROS accumulation in mitochondria and the epimedium treatment significantly reduced the ROS accumulation. Furthermore, mitochondria morphology was restored to elongated shape following epimedium treatment. Epimedium treatment promoted dynamin‐associated protein 1 (Drp1)‐mediated steroidogenesis pathway by upregulating PKA, CREB, Drp1, and StAR protein expression in response to ES exposure in Leydig cells. Moreover, it was also identified that, CREB plays an important role in epimedium activation in Drp1‐mediated steroidogenesis signaling pathway by increasing, phospho‐CREB expression in nucleus. Testosterone level is decreased in ES‐exposed cells; however, the testosterone level was increased after epimedium treatment. In conclusion, epimedium treatment improved mitochondria function in ES‐exposed Leydig cells and activated downstream Drp1‐dependent steroidogenesis by CREB mediated signaling pathway.
Acid value minimization in continuous biodiesel production from a high viscous nonedible oil
Authors: Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi Sai Bharadwaj , Subramaniapillai Niju , Khadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa Begum , Narayanan Anantharaman
Published: June 2021

In the present study, acid value optimization in continuous biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible rubber seed oil (RSO) is presented. Gradual reduction in acid value from 67.6 (mg KOH/g oil) (raw RSO) to 3.55 (mg KOH/g oil) (pretreated RSO) to 0.25 (mg KOH/g oil) (synthesized biodiesel) is detected at reaction conditions of 9:1 alcohol:feedstock (methanol:oil (molar ratio)) (mol/mol), 4 h of residence time, and 5 wt% (oil) of catalyst concentration. Optimization of experimental factors is studied using well‐known data‐based tools called response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. A significant second‐order quadratic model with alcohol:feedstock molar ratio (mol/mol) as most influencing experimental factor is observed from ANOVA analysis of RSM studies. A mean‐square error (MSE) of 0.001245 is observed with the best validation performance of 0.0014716 at epoch‐3 in ANN modeling. Comparing the coefficient of determination (R2) of value 0.8906 (from RSM studies) with the value of 0.99 (from ANN modeling) reveals that ANN is the best fit model with experimental value in acid value optimization of continuous biodiesel production from RSO.
Design of a management model for a tropical wetland
Authors: López Calatayud Nereida Coromoto , Márquez Romance Adriana Mercedes , Guevara Pérez Edilberto
Published: June 2021

This article presents, as a novelty, the design of the Tropical Wetland Management Model (TWMM). The model is based on the components and criteria established in the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, (Ramsar Convention). The TWMM consists of the formulation of a multicriteria matrix (MCM), analyzing its applicability for the Urama–Venezuela Wetland. The MCM includes five components for comparison, 25 criteria, and 56 attributes that make up the structure of the management model. The MCM contributes to decision making for the formulation of the management model based on the analysis of eight countries in the Latin American region and two European cases: Spain and the European Union. As a result, an integrated matrix measured by a Wetland Management Model Index (WMMI) was obtained. The quantitative value of the index was as follow: Argentina, 0.64; Chile, 0.89; Colombia, 0.73; Costa Rica, 0.73; Mexico, 0.68; Paraguay, 0.46; Peru, 0.82; Spain, 0.64; European Union, 1; and Venezuela 0.88. Only 10% of the cases reach the “very high” category (European Union); 50%, the “high” category (Chile, Venezuela, Peru, Costa Rica, and Colombia); 30%, the “medium” category (Mexico, Spain, and Argentina); and 10%, the “low” category, (Paraguay).