bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth of a Squatters’ Colony: Revisiting history through refugee narratives
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Kalyani Mahavidyalaya, City Centre Complex, Kalyani, Nadia, W.B. Pin- 741235, Paul Dr Sudeshna
Published: August 2021

Squatters’ colonies form essential feature of the social, political, cultural and topographic landscape of West Bengal. ‘Destitution and despair’ of East Bengali Hindu refugees as the ‘impetus behind’ and ‘impervious unity and unanimous struggle’ of refugees as the ‘means for success’ in establishment of these colonies have been part of the official account and popular discourse relating to refugee movement in Bengal. Refugee women’s agency in land grabbing movement and counter-eviction struggle are celebrated as the steps towards shattering the patriarchal demarcation between private and public. Present article offers a micro-sociological study of a squatters’ colony, and based on the narratives of real life experiences of colony-people who lived through the struggle of self-rehabilitation, it tends to highlight the varied nature of needs, perceptions and aspirations of refugees; contest and negotiation of power; conflict and clash between selfish/ egoistic interest and community-centred interest; political battles; and patriarchal exploitation of gender roles that were pervasive in the colony life during those days of self-rehabilitation. It also focuses on how the temptation of generalization in meta-narrative analyses tends to obscure the obvious dynamics of life- cohesion versus conflict, exploitation versus subversion of power-politics within the squatters’ colonies, which micro-level social researches may bring forward and thereby signify the scope for re-writing history.
Komunikasi Pemasaran Merchant Bisnis Akusisi (MBA) KC UI Depok dalam Sosialisasi Yap (Your All Payment) dikantin RIK Universitas Indonesia Depok
Authors: Finda Finda , Febri Febri
Published: August 2021

Aplikasi Yap (Your All Payment) adalah produk terbaru dari Bank BNI yang di luncurkan pada akhir Januari 2018. Aplikasi Yap merupakan solusi pembayaran masa kini yang dilakukan dengan scan QR code melalui smartphone. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi pemasaran dan hambatan Merchant Bisnis Akuisisi dalam mensosialisasikan Yap di kantin Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan (RIK) UI Depok. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan observasi dimana data yang digunakan adalah data primer dari hasil pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dan juga data sekunder yang digunakan dalam tinjauan studi kepustakaan untuk mempertajam teori. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mendorong suksesnya kegiatan pemasaran yang akan dilakukan. Merchant Bisnis Akuisisi BNI KC UI Depok memiliki Strategi komunikasi pemasaran dalam mensosialisasikan Yap dikantin Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan (RIK) Universitas Indonesia Depok seperti Personal Selling dan marketing event serta masih ditemukan hambatan hambatan dalam mensosialisasikan Yap di kantin Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan (RIK) Universitas Indonesia Depok.
Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Viva.co.id dan Republika.co.id pada Reuni 212 Tanggal 2 Desember Tahun 2018
Authors: Maria Maria
Published: August 2021

Berita mengenai peristiwa aksi umat Islam di Indonesia yaitu aksi Reuni 212 pada tanggal 2 Desember tahun 2018 menjadi berita headline di berbagai media online. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemberitaan media online yaitu antara viva.co.id dan republika.co.id yang berkaitan dengan Reuni 212 pada tanggal 2 Desember 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain anaisis framing. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari sumber pemberitaan media viva.co.id dan republika.co.id pada tanggal 29 November sampai 3 Desember 2018. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik penelusuran data online dianalisis menggunakan model pembingkaian Robert N. Entman dengan instrumen penelitian berupa observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa pemberitaan viva.co.id dan republika.co.id yang berkaitan dengan Reuni 212 pada tanggal 2 Desember tahun 2018 yaitu bersifat non politik berkaitan dengan silaturahim tetapi pada kenyataannya tidak bisa dilepaskan dari adanya nuansa dinamika politik yang sedang terjadi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa berita Reuni 212 pada tanggal 2 Desember Tahun 2018 di media viva.co.id dan republika.co.id tidak bisa dilepaskan dari nuansa politik
PROTEÍNA TAU E AS DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS
Authors: De Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano , Oh Henry
Published: August 2021

A proteína Tau faz parte da família das proteínas associadas aos microtúbulos (microtubule-associated proteins - MAP) e sua principal função é a de estabilizar os microtúbulos pela agregação da tubulina. Esta proteína atua no controle da dinâmica doa microtúbulos durante a maturação e o crescimento dos neuritos, sendo considerada a maior proteína do citoesqueleto e sua hiperfosforilação tem consequência nas funções biológicas e morfológicas nos neurônios. O objetivo do presente estudo é compreender as funções da proteína Tau, bem como sua relação com as doenças neurodegenerativas. Trata-se de uma revisão deliteratura nos portais científicos SciELO, PubMed e Science Direct com os seguintes termos em português: neurociência, proteína tau, doenças neurodegenerativas e em inglês: neuroscience, tau protein, neurodegenerative diseases. As doenças neurodegenerativas estão associadas aos neurofilamentos e/ou agregados de proteína Tau e o processo de hiperfosforilação da proteína, enriquece a formação destes agregados, consequentemente bloqueando o tráfego intracelular de proteínas neurotróficase demais proteínas funcionais, e consequente perda ou diminuição do declínio no transporte axonal ou dendrítico nos neurônios.
Detecting and Characterizing Young Quasars. II. Four Quasars at z ∼ 6 with Lifetimes < 104 Yr
Authors: Eilers Anna-Christina , Hennawi Joseph F. , Davies Frederick B. , Simcoe Robert A.
Published: August 2021

The extents of proximity zones of high-redshift quasars enable constraints on the timescales of quasar activity, which are fundamental for understanding the growth of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that power the quasars’ emission. In this study, we obtain precise estimates for the ultraviolet (UV) luminous lifetimes of 10 quasars at 5.8 < z < 6.5. These objects were preselected to have short lifetimes based on preliminary measurements of their proximity zone sizes and were then targeted for high-quality follow-up submillimeter, optical, and infrared observations required to increase the measurements’ precision and securely determine their lifetimes. By comparing these proximity zone sizes to mock quasar spectra generated from radiative transfer simulations at a range of different lifetimes, we deduce extremely short lifetimes t
Q < 104 yr for four objects in our sample, whereas the remaining quasars are consistent with longer lifetimes of t
Q ≳ 105 yr. These young objects with small proximity zones represent ≲10% of the quasar population as a whole. We compare our results in detail to other studies on timescales of quasar activity, which point toward an average lifetime of t
Q ∼ 106 yr for the quasar population. This is consistent with finding newly turned-on quasars approximately ∼1%–10% of the time. These young quasars represent a unique opportunity to study triggering and feedback mechanisms of SMBHs, since the onset of their UV-luminous quasar phase happened only recently, and therefore traces of this process might still be observable.
Tear Neuromediator and Corneal Denervation Following SMILE
Authors: Chin Jia Ying , Lin Molly Tzu-Yu , Lee Isabelle Xin Yu , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Liu Yu-Chi
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE:

To investigate the changes in tear neuromediators and corneal subbasal nerve plexus following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to study its association with different refractive power of corrections.

METHODS:

Thirty patients were included for tear neuromediator analysis (40 eyes) and corneal nerve analysis using in vivo confocal microscopy scans (20 eyes). Tear samples were collected preoperatively and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and analyzed for the substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations using the enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS:

Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) decreased significantly postoperatively, then gradually increased from 3 months onward, but did not recover to the baseline levels at 12 months. Tear substance P and CGRP levels remained stable over 12 months. Tear NGF levels demonstrated a small peak at 1 week before decreasing significantly compared to preoperative levels at 6 months (
P
= .03) and 12 months (
P
= .007). The 1-month reduction in CNFL, tear substance P, and CGRP concentrations were significantly correlated with the corrected spherical equivalent (SE) (
r
= 0.71 for CNFL;
r
= −0.33 to −0.52 at different time points for substance P and CGRP, respectively, all
P
< .05). Compared to the low to moderate myopia group, the high myopia group (corrected SE greater than −6.00 diopters) had a significantly greater decrease in CNFD, significantly higher tear substance P concentrations at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, and significantly higher tear CGRP concentrations at 1 and 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results provide new insight into the neurobiological responses and their potential implications in corneal nerve damage and recovery after SMILE. High myopia treatment was associated with greater corneal denervation and neuroinflammation.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(8):516–523.]
Outcomes of Resident-Performed FS-LASIK for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Yu Eun Jin , Nejad Mitra , Miller Kevin M.
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the outcomes of resident-performed femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

METHODS:

Records of 138 eyes of 69 patients treated by residents for myopia or myopic astigmatism between March 2018 and June 2020 were reviewed. All preoperative visits, procedures, and postoperative visits were supervised by attending physicians. Follow-up examinations were performed 1 day and 1 month postoperatively. Complications and enhancements were noted. Outcome measures included postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refractive accuracy, and complications.

RESULTS:

Eighteen residents performed FS-LASIK on a median of 8 eyes (interquartile range: 1.75). Fifty-nine patients (118 eyes) returned for a 1-month postoperative examination. UDVA was 20/40 or better in 117 eyes (99%) and 20/20 or better in 108 eyes (92%). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error was −4.01 ± 1.82 diopters (D) in 138 eyes, decreasing to −0.12 ± 0.35 D at 1 month after surgery in the 102 eyes that were refracted. The SE was ±1.00 D in 100 eyes (98%) and ±0.50 D in 94 eyes (93%). The CDVA change was within one line in 100% of eyes. Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 eyes (3.62%), enhancements were performed in 3 eyes (2.17%), and postoperative complications developed in 3 eyes (2.17%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Resident-performed FS-LASIK is relatively safe and effective in comparison to published U.S. Food and Drug Administration premarket approval studies. Early resident experience performing LASIK can improve the training of ophthalmic surgeons while simultaneously increasing patient access to laser vision correction.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(8):545–551.]
Positive solutions of a diffusive two competitive species model with saturation
Authors: Myint Aung Zaw
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the positive solutions of a diffusive two competitive species model with Bazykin functional response are investigated. We give the a priori estimates and compute the fixed point indices of trivial and semi-trivial solutions. And obtain the existence of solution and demonstrate the bifurcation of a coexistence state emanating from semi-trivial solutions. Finally, multiplicity and stability results are presented.
Digital media zero watermark copyright protection algorithm based on embedded intelligent edge computing detection
Authors: Xu Hongyan ,   Department of Academic Research, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang, China
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of computer technology and network communication technology, copyright protection caused by widely spread digital media has become the focus of attention in various fields. For digital media watermarking technology research emerge in endlessly, but the results are not ideal. In order to better realize the copyright identification and protection, based on the embedded intelligent edge computing detection technology, this paper studies the zero watermark copyright protection algorithm of digital media. Firstly, this paper designs an embedded intelligent edge detection module based on Sobel operator, including image line buffer module, convolution calculation module and threshold processing module. Then, based on the embedded intelligent edge detection module, the Arnold transform of image scrambling technology is used to preprocess the watermark, and finally a zero watermark copyright protection algorithm is constructed. At the same time, the robustness of the proposed algorithm is tested. The image is subjected to different proportion of clipping and scaling attacks, different types of noise, sharpening and blur attacks, and the detection rate and signal-to-noise ratio of each algorithm are calculated respectively. The performance of the watermark image processed by this algorithm is evaluated subjectively and objectively. Experimental data show that the detection rate of our algorithm is the highest, which is 0.89. In scaling attack, the performance of our algorithm is slightly lower than that of Fourier transform domain algorithm, but it is better than the other two algorithms. The Signal to Noise Ratio of the algorithm is 36.854% in P6 multiplicative noise attack, 39.638% in P8 sharpening edge attack and 41.285% in fuzzy attack. This shows that the algorithm is robust to conventional attacks. The subjective evaluation of 33% and 39% of the images is 5 and 4. The mean values of signal to noise ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error and mean absolute difference are 20.56, 25.13, 37.03 and 27.64, respectively. This shows that the watermark image processed by this algorithm has high quality. Therefore, the digital media zero watermark copyright protection algorithm based on embedded intelligent edge computing detection is more robust, and its watermark invisibility is also very superior, which is worth promoting.
Global attractors, extremal stability and periodicity for a delayed population model with survival rate on time scales
Authors: Mesquita Jaqueline G. ,   Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil, Ostaszewska Urszula , Schmeidel Ewa , Zdanowicz Małgorzata ,   University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1M, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we investigate the existence of global attractors, extreme stability, periodicity and asymptotically periodicity of solutions of the delayed population model with survival rate on isolated time scales given by

   \begin{document}$ x^{\Delta} (t) = \gamma(t) x(t) + \dfrac{x(d(t))}{\mu(t)}e^{r(t)\mu(t)\left(1 - \frac{x(d(t))}{\mu(t)}\right)}, \ \ t \in \mathbb T. $\end{document}

We present many examples to illustrate our results, considering different time scales.
Protracted yet Coordinated Differentiation of Long-Lived SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8+ T Cells during Convalescence
Authors: Ma Tongcui , Ryu Heeju , McGregor Matthew , Babcock Benjamin , Neidleman Jason , Xie Guorui , George Ashley F , Frouard Julie , Murray Victoria , Gill Gurjot , Ghosn Eliver , Newell Evan W , Lee Sulggi A , Roan Nadia R
Published: August 2021

CD8+ T cells can potentiate long-lived immunity against COVID-19. We screened longitudinally-sampled convalescent human donors against SARS-CoV-2 tetramers and identified a participant with an immunodominant response against residues 322 to 311 of nucleocapsid (Nuc322–331), a peptide conserved in all variants of concern reported to date. We conducted 38-parameter cytometry by time of flight on tetramer-identified Nuc322–331–specific CD8+ T cells and on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognizing the entire nucleocapsid and spike proteins, and took 32 serological measurements. We discovered a coordination of the Nuc322–331–specific CD8+ T response with both the CD4+ T cell and Ab pillars of adaptive immunity. Over the approximately six month period of convalescence monitored, we observed a slow and progressive decrease in the activation state and polyfunctionality of Nuc322–331–specific CD8+ T cells, accompanied by an increase in their lymph node–homing and homeostatic proliferation potential. These results suggest that following a typical case of mild COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2–specific CD8+ T cells not only persist but continuously differentiate in a coordinated fashion well into convalescence into a state characteristic of long-lived, self-renewing memory.
Exploring the Effort-Reward Structure of University Work Focusing on Perceived Overall Stress, Self-Reported Health, and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Verpeléti Bence , Horváth Edina , Dobi-Ágoston Gordana , Ágoston Gergely , Bérces Kitti , Molnár Regina , Mátó Veronika , Varga Albert , Paulik Edit
Published: August 2021

Background

The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model by Siegrist encouraged numerous scientific investigations that reported particular ties between psychosocial risks and poor self-reported health (SRH), while psychosocial work-related stress has also been linked to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study was to examine the health status and the perceived levels of occupational stress of university employees and to analyse the findings according to the employees’ effort and reward structure of work, perceived overall stress, SRH and the presence of MSDs.

Design and methods

398 employees – including healthcare professionals, academic personnel and workers with administrative or other jobs – employed at the University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire including the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) and Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4).

Results

More than half of the investigated subjects (54.8%) reported some forms of MSDs. Low self-reported health (P<0.001) and presence of MSDs (P=0.015) were significantly associated with the level of perceived stress and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), moreover increased level of perceived stress was independently associated with the likelihood of MSDs (AOR=1.13) and low self-reported health (AOR=1.30). ERI well predicted low self-reported health (AOR=2.05) as well. Increased level of perceived stress positively correlated with high workrelated effort (r=0.247, P<0.001) and over-commitment (r=0.387, P<0.001) while with work-related reward (r=-0.181, P=0.011) perceived stress showed a negative connection.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that addressing the burden of effort-reward imbalance and MSDs would likely lessen employees’ perceived level of overall stress and affect their self-reported overall state of health.
Do Orthopaedic Residency Programs Have the Least Time Between Invitation and Interview?
Authors: Ruckle David , Wongworawat Montri Daniel
Published: August 2021

Background

The cost and stress of applying to residency programs are increasing. Planning for interviews with limited lead time can cause additional burden to residency applicants.

Objective

We sought to determine if the specialty of orthopaedics was affording the same lead time between interview invitation and interview dates as its surgical and medical counterparts.

Methods

Dates for the first interview invitation and last possible interview were gathered for each program in orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, neurological surgery, internal medicine, psychiatry, pediatrics, and family medicine. Interview lead time was calculated for each specialty. Mann–Whitney U and independent sample Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for nonparametric data with P < .05 considered as significant.

Results

Orthopaedic surgery lead time is significantly different when compared individually and pairwise to other specialties (P < .05 for all comparisons), with a median lead time of 57 days. The next lowest lead time specialty is otolaryngology with a 70-day lead time. The specialty with the longest is pediatrics (median 106 days).

Conclusions

Residency programs (orthopaedic surgery in particular) vary widely in the amount of lead time given to schedule and attend interviews. The authors propose that interview invitations be extended into mid-October.
Preliminary Evidence Supporting a Novel 10-Item Clinical Learning Environment Quick Survey (CLEQS)
Authors: Simpson Deborah , McDiarmid Matthew , La Fratta Tricia , Salvo Nicole , Bidwell Jacob L. , Moore Lawrence , Irby David M.
Published: August 2021

Background

The clinical learning environment (CLE) is a priority focus in medical education. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Clinical Learning Environment Review's (CLER) recent addition of teaming and health care systems obligates educators to monitor these areas. Tools to evaluate the CLE would ideally be: (1) appropriate for all health care team members on a specific unit/project; (2) informed by contemporary learning environment frameworks; and (3) feasible/quick to complete. No existing CLE evaluation tool meets these criteria.

Objective

This report describes the creation and preliminary validity evidence for a Clinical Learning Environment Quick Survey (CLEQS).

Methods

Survey items were identified from the literature and other data sources, sorted into 1 of 4 learning environment domains (personal, social, organizational, material) and reviewed by multiple stakeholders and experts. Leaders from 6 interprofessional graduate medical education quality improvement/patient safety teams distributed this voluntary survey to their clinical team members (November 2019–mid-January 2021) using electronic or paper formats. Validity evidence for this instrument was based on the content, response process, internal structure, reliability, relations to other variables, and consequences.

Results

Two hundred one CLEQS responses were obtained, taking 1.5 minutes on average to complete with good reliability (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.83). The Cronbach alpha for each CE domain with the overall item ranged from 0.50 for personal to 0.79 for social. There were strong associations with other measures and clarity about improvement targets.

Conclusions

CLEQS meets the 3 criteria for evaluating CLEs. Reliability data supports its internal consistency, and initial validity evidence is promising.
Competitive Jurisdictions of Local Administration Authorities and Notaries for the Certification Purposes in Montenegro
Authors: Korać Velibor
Published: August 2021

With the adoption of the new Law on Certification of Signatures, Manuscripts and Transcripts the Montenegrin legislator did not take into account the fact of introducing the notary services into the legal system of Montenegro. Unlike most of the comparative legislations, certification of signatures, transcripts and manuscripts have not been transferred to the exclusive competence of notaries, but a competitive competence of notaries, local administration authorities and the courts in carrying out these assignments has been retained. Further retention of competitive jurisdiction in this matter is not justified any more. The analysis of this decision has shown that it leads to an unequal position, depending on the authority before which the certification is performed, whereas the obligations and professional competences of officials and notaries are different. Notarial certifications contribute to greater legal certainty and besides are more available to the citizens and not more expensive. Parallel jurisdiction is not a standard of notarial services in European continental law which has adopted the Latin model of notary as a independent profession having public authorities. This solution does not lead to building a legal certainty, protection of public interest and relieving the work of courts and administrative authorities, which has been the underlying legal political reason for introducing notariat.
Governance and Steering of MOCs in Finland – Legal Perspective
Authors: Ruohonen Janne , Salminen Lassi , Vahtera Veikko
Published: August 2021

Local governments often use corporations for public service output. In Finland, limited liability companies can be used as a means to produce functions that a municipality is required to engage in by law or those functions that are optional for a municipality. This paper explains the current state, regulative background and reasons for corporatisation in Finnish municipalities. We then present a legal analysis of the legal strategies provided in the legislation that a municipality can use to govern and steer its external corporate bodies. Understanding the legal boundaries and possibilities is imperative for extending local self-governance to MOCs, and to align their goals with those of the municipality.
Cooperation of the Central Government, Local Government and Self-Government of Legal Professionals in Organising the System of Legal Aid in Poland
Authors: Bereza Arkadiusz
Published: August 2021

A deliberately organised system of legal aid financed by the State was introduced in Poland under the Act of 5.8.2015 and is based on the cooperation between local government units and legal professional self-government, under supervision by the bodies of public government which finance this task. The legislature uses for this purpose the solutions that are already known in administrative law, i.e. contract for the performance of a public task, grant for the performance thereof, an agreement between local government units and bodies of legal professional self-government organizations, agreements with third parties providing a public service.
Gait Characteristics in Youth With Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Hwang Miriam , Flanagan Ann , Graf Adam , Kruger Karen M. , Scullion Nancy , Tayne Samantha , Altiok Haluk
Published: August 2021

Background:

Transverse myelitis (TM) in childhood is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of spinal cord inflammation. Gait difficulty in children with TM is common; however, there is a paucity of literature regarding quantitative assessment of gait in children and adolescents with TM.

Objectives:

To characterize gait patterns in a cohort of ambulatory children with TM and age-matched, typically developing peers in order to better understand the functional mobility of patients diagnosed with childhood TM.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 26 ambulatory pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TM who had undergone three-dimensional, instrumented gait analysis (3D-IGA) at 3 years of age or older. A group of 38 typically developing children served as a control group.

Results:

Gait in children with TM was characterized by moderate kinematic deviations as measured by the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and a crouched gait pattern (p < .001), increased anterior pelvic tilt (p < .001), decreased motion at the knees (p < .001), and a wider base of support (foot progression angle, p < .001). The TM group had a slower walking speed (p < .001), shorter strides (p < .001), and an increased stance phase compared to controls.

Conclusion:

Our study results showed moderate kinematic deviations quantified by the GDI. Overall, the gait pattern in the TM population tested had greater hip and knee flexion with wider foot progression angle. Identification of gait characteristics in children with TM is the first step in predicting changes in gait pattern as they mature over time, which may ultimately allow for targeted intervention to maintain their ambulatory function.
Inertial Measurement Unit–Derived Ergonomic Metrics for Assessing Arm Use in Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Jahanian Omid , Van Straaten Meegan G. , Goodwin Brianna M. , Cain Stephen M. , Lennon Ryan J. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Murthy Naveen S. , Morrow Melissa M. B.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWCs) have a higher rate of rotator cuff pathology progression than able-bodied individuals.

Objectives:

This study aimed to test the ability of risk and recovery metrics of arm use to differentiate between (1) MWC users with SCI and matched able-bodied participants (cross-sectional matched-sample study) and (2) MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression over 1 year from those without pathology progression (longitudinal study).

Methods:

Thirty-four MWC users and 34 age- and sex-matched able-bodied individuals were recruited. Upper arm risk (humeral elevation >60°) and recovery (static ≥5 seconds and humeral elevation <40°) metrics were calculated from wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn on the upper arms and torso in the free-living environment. Two separate magnetic resonance imaging studies were completed and assessed for a subset of 16 MWC users approximately 1 year apart.

Results:

The frequency of risk events (p = .019), summated duration of recovery events (p = .025), and duration of each recovery event (p = .003) were higher for MWC users than able-bodied participants. The summated duration of risk events (p = .047), frequency of risk events (p = .027), and risk to recovery ratio (p = .02) were higher and the summated duration of recovery events (p = .036) and frequency of recovery events (p = .047) were lower for MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression (n = 5) compared to those without progression (n = 11).

Conclusion:

IMU-derived metrics quantifying arm use at postures >60° and risk to recovery ratios may provide insights of potential risk factors for rotator cuff pathology progression.
Biyokömür-Soma Kömür Karışımlarının Oksiyanma Koşullarında Birlikte Yakılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi ve Emisyonlar Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: KEİVANİ Babak , OLGUN Hayati , ATİMTAY Aysel. T
Published: August 2021

Bu deneysel çalışma, kızılçam talaşından elde edilen biyokömürün Soma linyit ile birlikte yakılmasını kapsamaktadır. Deneyler 30 kW termal kapasiteli dolaşımlı akışkan yataklı yakma (DAY) sisteminde, havada ve oksijence zengin hava ortamında gerçekleşmiştir. Deneylerde akışkan yatağın içindeki yanma sıcaklığı 850 + 50 °C’de tutulmuştur. Farklı oranlarda linyit ve biyokömür karışımları oksijence zengin ortamda yanma testleri yapılmıştır Kızılçam talaşı için 300 °C ve 30 dakika işlem koşullarının soma linyit ile biyokömürün akışkan yatakta birlikte yakılması açısından en uygun üretim koşulları olacağı görüşüne varılmıştır. Linyitteki biyokömür karışımın payı %50’ye kadar artırılmıştır. Yakıt karışımlarının ağırlıkça %50’ye kadar çıktığı ve sistemde biyokömürün etkin bir şekilde yakıldı bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar kömür ve biyokömürün birlikte yanması için biyokömürün iyi bir katkı yakıtı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca oksijence zengin ortamında birlikte yakmanın SO2, CO ve N2O’nun baca gazı emisyonlarını azaltmak için bir seçenek olduğunu göstermiştir. Havaya oksijen eklenmesi yanma verimini arttırmış ve CO emisyonlarını azaltmıştır. Biyokömürün içinde kükürt bulunmadığından SO2 emisyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Bununla birlikte, NOx emisyonları, yüksek oksijen konsantrasyonları ve yüksek seviyelerde biyokömür ilavesi ile artmıştır.
Kanalizasyon Şebekelerinde Kullanılan Boruların Hidrolik ve Maliyet Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GERGER Reşit , TULPAR Hasan , TOPLAMACI Mehmet Murat , GERGER Esra
Published: August 2021

Altyapı yatırımlarının çok pahalı olduğu günümüzde, Türkiye gibi hem ekonomik sorunları olan, hem de altyapı eksikliği bulunan ülkelerde; altyapı tesisleri planlanırken, en etkin çözümleri getirecek ve aynı zamanda optimum maliyetli olanının tercihi büyük önem arz eder. Kanalizasyon tesislerinde, maliyetin en önemli etkenlerinin başında, boru imalatları ile kazı ve dolgu işleri gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Siirt Üniversitesi yeni yerleşke alanının kanalizasyon şebekesi boruların hidrolik hesapları AutoCAD R14 altında çalışan paket bilgisayar programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Kanalizasyon inşaatlarında en çok kullanılan beton, yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (HDPE) esaslı koruge ile cam takviyeli plastik (CTP) borular için ayrı ayrı hidrolik hesaplamalar yapılmış, boru pürüzlülük katsayılarının farklı olması münasebetiyle atıksu hızında, koruge ve CTP boruların beton boruya oranla kollektör hatlarında %20–30 arasında, şebeke hatlarında ise %50–80 arasında bir artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Hidrolik hesaplamalarda daha küçük çapta hesaplanan CTP ve Koruge borular kazı – dolgu metrajlarında beton boruya göre %30 daha az maliyet çıkarmıştır. Ancak CTP boru bedelinin hem koruge hem de beton boruya göre daha pahalı olmasından dolayı, en ekonomik çözümün koruge boru olduğu görülmüştür.
Ideal Communication Facilities for Smart Irrigation Systems in Short Range and Long-Range Scenarios
Authors: Kondur Shivanee , K V Vishwas , Tatachar Abhishek V , R Amith , Chandrappa Varun Yarehalli , Y C Kiran
Published: August 2021

Agriculture is one of the key aspects that affects the growth of a country. Extreme weather conditions and climate change are something that the agriculturists and the farmers have always found difficult to deal with. Irrigation is an essential agriculture practice that enhances crop production by providing adequate water to the land. Irrigation in essential because they maintain the soil moisture and help in the absorption of nutrient contents. From time immemorial and even till date, irrigation has been done manually with the need of human interventions. With the advancement in the technology, one question always arose. Is it possible to automate some or all the parts of agriculture to maximise the yield? The notion of smart irrigation came into existence. The agricultural industry was able to overcome the said disadvantages of traditional irrigation procedures by incorporating "smart" technologies into irrigation systems. IoT can make agriculture and farming processes more efficient by automating them and reducing human interference. Smart irrigation systems and solutions are being embraced in many regions of the world due to their numerous benefits. The difference is with respect to the way of implementation, the communication network that these applications made use of and the environmental conditions where these applications were used. This paper aims at reviewing certain approaches to smart irrigation from the perspective of communication technologies used and perceive ideal communication technologies that can be used for communication over a shorter range and for the communication over longer range.
Ideological bases of Foreign Political Positioning of Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Bulvinskyi A.
Published: August 2021

In the article there has been made the analyzes of reflection ideological bases of foreign political and governmental positioning of Tajikistan in its’ doctrine documents. The main blocks of our analyzes was historical bases of Tajik statehood; the place and a role of Tajikistan in the world history, the place of the country in the modern world and features of understanding of the world trends of development; the place of water diplomacy in foreign political positioning of Tajikistan.

It was found, that important part of official ideological concept of Tajikistan was the appeal in way of Aryan origin of Tajiks, the heritage of government of the Samanids and the losses of the “original” Tajik’s territories. It was state that during 1990s until 2010s, doctrine understanding of Tajikistan about their place in the evolutionary region in the spot of the mission of historical civilization of Tajik’s nation regarding to other population of the region.

Important elements of the ideology of Tajikistan’s foreign policy positioning in the 1990s were the secular nature of the development of this Muslim state, elected during the 1992-1997 civil war, and the need for international assistance due to the country’s poverty and underdevelopment. In the doctrinal documents of the first half of the 2000s, the provision on poverty was combined with the thesis of the injustice of world development, which is dominated by the West, and the negative impact of globalization, which fuels the confrontation of civilizations. Since the mid-2000s, there has been a doctrinal rethinking of the role and place of Central Asia in the world - from a backward and troubled region to a clash of global interests and an economically important region of the world, dominance of great powers. By proclaiming a multi-vector open door policy in 2002, Tajikistan has doctrinally broadened its horizons of engagement with the world, going beyond the discourse of cooperation only with neighboring Muslim countries and Russia.
Features of the Formation of the Foundations of the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Demenko O.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the foundations of the formation of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which, first of all, are influenced by the traditions of the historical development of this country, its geopolitical location in the center of the Eurasian continent, transport and communication potential and the presence of large reserves of natural resources. It is emphasized that in modern Kazakhstan there is still no holistic perception of many historical events and processes, in particular those that were hushed up during the imperial and Soviet periods. At the same time, in the scientific discourse of the country, there is a rethinking of national history through criticism of the previous historical experience. It is noted that after the formation in the middle of the fifteenth century. In the Kazakh Khanate, the progressive development of statehood was replaced by a period of struggle against foreign invaders – first the Dzungars, and then the Russian Empire. It ended with the loss of statehood, the struggle for the restoration of which is presented in the form of a teleologically constructed narrative of the heroic struggle for independence, which includes a number of historical events and periods. The process of modern nation-state building in Kazakhstan is based on the consolidating role of the titular nation, which contributes to the growth of interest in historical issues and is accompanied by a gradual loss of the influence of Soviet-Russian narratives in political and historical discourse. A feature of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-vector approach, which has developed historically and is designed to ensure a balance between various geopolitical centers of power.

The priorities of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy are determined: the development of allied relations with the Russian Federation, a comprehensive strategic partnership with the PRC, an expanded strategic partnership with the United States, strategic relations with the Central Asian states, an expanded partnership and cooperation with the European Union.
Evaluation of the frequency of fasting and postprandial hyperlipidemia in healthy Schnauzers and of hepatic changes and insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic Schnauzers
Authors: Fuzeti Gonçalves Netto Marcela , Fraga Ramos Mello Gabryella , De Marco Viviani
Published: August 2021

Hyperlipidemia in dogs can be primary or secondary. Secondary hyperlipidemia is the most frequent form, and it is associated to endocrine disorders, obesity, and glucocorticoid therapy. Primary hypertriglyceridemia of Miniature Schnauzers is a well-known condition and may predispose to the development of pancreatitis, diabetes, liver and neurological disorders. The goal of this study was to identify the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in 55 asymptomatic Miniature Schnauzers, and the frequency of hepatic changes and insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic dogs. Of the 55 dogs in the study, 56.4% had primary hyperlipidemia. In 23.6% of these cases, the hyperlipidemia was characterized by isolated hypertriglyceridemia, while isolated hypercholesterolemia was present in 20% of the cases. Mixed hyperlipidemia was observed in 12.7% of hyperlipidemic dogs. Hypertriglyceridemia was considered mild in 21/8% of the cases, and moderate to severe in 14.5% of them. Serum ALT was elevated in 32.3% of hyperlipidemic dogs and serum AF was elevated in 38.7% of the cases. Insulin resistance was observed in 90.3% of hyperlipidemic dogs. Given the high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in our sample, and the observed metabolic changes in hyperlipidemic dogs, we suggest that all Miniature Schnauzers are screened for hyperlipidemia as an aid to early diagnosis of this disorder and prevention of complications.
Ovary cysts in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) – case report
Authors: Blanco Diego Federico , Sclocco Matias Eugenio , Troiano Juan Carlos
Published: August 2021

Ovarian cysts are not funcional fluid-filled structures, which can spontaneously develop in the ovaries during the reproductive cycle, and secrete female hormones in increased amounts, causing irregular reproductive cycles and infertility. We describe the case of a 4 year old, intact female guinea pig presented with anorexia, progressive weight loss and enlarged abdomen. She was fed commercial rodent dry food, fruits and vegetables. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of ovarian cysts, and an exploratory laparotomy was recommended. The pig was anesthetized with a combination of intramuscular xylazine (1 mg/kg); ketamine (25 mk/kg) and nalbuphine (1 mg/kg) followed by inhalatory anesthesia with 3% isoflurane during induction and 1% for maintenance. Surgical approach was median laparotomy. Bilateral ovariectomy with removal of the ovariany cyst was performed. Postoperative treatment consisted in administration of enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg every 24 hours via SC, feeding of commercial food until sutures were removed, 10 days after surgery.
Canine thoracolumbar disc disease: pathogenesis, current classifications and therapeutic options
Authors: Passos Costa Sérgio D. , Araújo Bruno M. , F. C. Rocha Nadyne L. , R. dos Santos Thays G. , R. Costa Jamilly N. , Argôlo Neto Napoleão M. , C. Rodrigues Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common disorder, and most frequently affects the spinal cord at thoracolumbar region. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, and it has different characteristics in chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Biochemical and molecular changes observed in the degenerate disc are similar independent of the affected breed. Advanced image techniques demonstrate degenerative characteristics different than those reported by Hansen in the 1960s. Based on and in light of these new findings, new treatments for IVDD have been roosed to optimize the recovery of affected dogs. We reviewed the literature related to thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in dogs with emphasis on pathogenesis, classification and treatment options.
Liquid biopsy and its applications in veterinary medicine – a review
Authors: Nowosh Victor , de O. M. S. Gomes Cristina
Published: August 2021

Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic and prognostic tool already reported in several studies with human oncologic patients, and shows potential for application in veterinary oncology. However, liquid biopsy is not a widely known technique in veterinary medicine, and related research is sparse. Liquid biopsy is based on the analysis of blood samples for detection of various tumoral products in circulation. It is a non-invasive technique, and provides results in real time. Information obtained from liquid biopsies can complement the information obtained from the analysis of tissue biopsy. In this review of literature, we present the background principles of liquid biopsy, its methodology, and the tumoral products that can currently be detected with this tool. In addition to circulating tumor cells, liquid biopsies allow detection of nucleic acids, including tumor DNA, micro-RNA, messenger RNA and exosomes. We present the value of liquid biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, its predictive value in tumor progression and treatment success, and usefulness to assist treatment choice. We discuss its limitations, and the challenges to implement its use in a large scale.
Application of Solar Energy in Production and Life in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Danh Nguyen Tan
Published: August 2021

Solar energy is one of the largest energy sources that people can take advantage of as it is a clean, almost endless source of energy and easily applied in many places. This energy source is used more and more to replace traditional energy sources that are gradually becoming scarce and exhausted, and also contribute to saving energy and reducing emissions to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop renewable energy sources to meet the electricity demand for economic activities, people's living activities as well as ensure environmental safety in the context of global warming. This article will present research results on the application of solar power in life and production in Ho Chi Minh City. The equipment system includes a mirror to concentrate solar radiation, the great potential and deployment direction of solar power application in the future urban model of Ho Chi Minh City as well as other provinces in Vietnam.
Technology for a Systems Approach in the Development of Military Education under the Rapid Development and Growth of Armaments and Equipment
Authors: Ryzhykov Vadym , Horiacheva Kira , Bondarenko Oleksandr , Prokhorov Oleg , Yurkov Anatolii
Published: August 2021

Research on military education under the rapid development and growth of armaments and equipment is booming. The field is continually gaining more key insights about this important and complex pedagogical problem. Academic interest on the systemic approach in the development of military education has consistently been a multidisciplinary effort. But perhaps systemic approach in pedagogic researchers are particularly well situated to be the leading voices on the public’s understanding of military education and many are heeding the call. With that responsibility in mind, in this paper, we offer to consider four elements of the educational process for the future of pedagogic research that we believe can help focus this line of inquiry to better ensure we address some of the most pressing problems. Based on critical assessments of the gaps in the literature, the paper cites the need to combine all elements of the educational process into a single system to achieve a focused result in the training of military personnel in educational institutions. Our list is not exhaustive, nor do we suggest that areas we do not cover are not important. Rather, we make these observations with the goal of spurring a conversation about the future of military education research, but especially a systemic approach in the development of military education.