bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First records of gastrointestinal parasites in woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) in Colombia, from wild, captive and reintroduced individuals
Authors: Quiroga-González Camilo , Jiménez Elisa , Galvis Nelson F. , Ramírez Mónica A. , Ortiz Mario , Gonzalez Camila , Stevenson Pablo R.
Published: December 2023

Interest about parasites in vertebrate populations during translocation and reintroduction programs is increasing; thus, a description of parasites in captivity infecting animals to be relocated is necessary. This study aimed to characterize the communities of gastrointestinal parasites in woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) from captive and wild individuals, as well as the change in parasite prevalence in four individuals during a reintroduction process. To accomplish this goal, we used a fecal flotation technique to analyze the collected samples. In captivity, 95 % of the screened samples were infected with at least one parasite, while only 77 % of wild primate samples showed infection, indicating higher prevalence in captive vs. wild individuals. Overall, wild and captive woolly monkeys shared many groups of parasites (Strongylidae, Oxyuridae and Entamoebidae) and we found a trend of lower parasite prevalence after release in captive individuals. Our data showed a consistent difference between captive and reintroduced individuals suggesting that variables related to diet, overcrowding and human presence may be the most important factors explaining parasite communities.
Primer registro de Pithecia milleri (Allen, 1914) en la Baja Bota Caucana, corregimiento de Miraflor, municipio de Piamonte, Cauca
Authors: Ramírez Laura Suárez , Meluk Hugo Mantilla
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Genetic diversity of the endangered black-handed spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi (Primates: Atelidae) in a fragmented landscape of El Salvador
Authors: Zaldaña-Orantes Karla , Sánchez-Trejo Lucía , Girón-Galván Luis , Rodríguez Melissa E. , Nuñez Genuar , Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo
Published: December 2023

Spider monkeys (genus Ateles) are distributed across rainforests from southern Mexico to northern Bolivia, but at risk of extinction across much of their range. Like most members of the genus, the black-handed spider monkey, or the Central American spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats, due to its inability to persist in disturbed and/or isolated forest patches and is categorized as “Endangered” by the IUCN. Within its range in El Salvador, the smallest country in Central America, the spider monkey has now been restricted to isolated patches of semi-deciduous forests, including four fragments that lie within a disturbed agricultural landscape in Jiquilisco Bay, in Southeast El Salvador. We analyzed 73 noninvasive fecal samples from spider monkeys in this region, and we were able to identify 55 individuals. We evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of the four populations using microsatellite markers. Our results show higher observed than expected heterozygosity, but low genetic diversity compared to published data on other spider monkey populations (Ho = 0.50 – 0.57 and He = 0.39 – 0.51; allelic richness with rarefaction = 2.71 – 3.22; private alleles with rarefaction = 0.18 – 0.61). We also found significant differentiation across fragments (Fst = 0.2, P<0.001) and two genetically different groups. These findings suggest the need for conservation action to reconnect forest patches, to improve the unfavorable situation of the only non-human primate in El Salvador.
First record of brown howler monkeys in São Pedro da Aldeia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Bastos Fabio Mostacato , Kurtz Bruno Coutinho , Neves Luís Fernando Faulstich , Oliveira Leonardo de Carvalho
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Primates at the newly established Camaquiri Conservation Initiative, Limon, Costa Rica
Authors: Pruetz Jill D. , Brink Gavin , Palma Eduardo Cruz , Dobson Kaelyn , Husic Diane W. , LaDuke Thomas C. , Lansing Jennifer , Master Terry , Mesen Israel
Published: December 2023

In Costa Rica, Geoffroy’s spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ornatus) is classified as ‘Endangered’ according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Given the threats it faces, this spider monkey was included in the most recent ‘Top 25 Endangered Primate Species’ list published by the IUCN (Schwitzer et al. 2019). The newly established Camaquiri Conservation Initiative (CCI) site, located on 200 ha in northeastern Costa Rica in Caribbean lowland rain forest, harbors a population of these monkeys that has yet to be studied. The population size of these primates and the extent to which their habitat may be fragmented is unknown. We conducted transect surveys of spider monkeys, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and Panamanian white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) at Camaquiri in 2019, 2020 and 2021 over the course of 13.5 days, covering 32 km total, to establish baseline information important for this new reserve’s conservation management plan, and for providing a rough estimate of the number of study subjects available for potential researchers. We recorded, minimally, 10 different individual spider monkeys in at least one community, at least three different howling monkey groups and at least one capuchin monkey group resident at CCI. Given that large patches of healthy, intact tropical forest are rarely conserved in Central America, Camaquiri provides an opportunity to conserve endangered primate species and to contribute to our knowledge of these animals. Additionally, its proximity to other field stations provides opportunities for studies of patch connectivity, habitat quality and other characteristics that influence primate populations in this region.
Estado del conocimiento del género Aotus en Colombia: un siglo de exploración
Authors: Carrillo-Chávez Lisa , Link Andrés , Pinto-Sánchez Nelsy Rocio
Published: December 2023

Los monos del género Aotus son los únicos primates de América que tienen hábitos principalmente nocturnos. Actualmente se reconocen 11 especies distribuidas en Panamá y gran parte de Suramérica, siendo Colombia el país que contiene la mayor riqueza de especies. A pesar de esto, la información sobre el género Aotus es relativamente escasa en Colombia. En este trabajo, hacemos una recopilación de las investigaciones realizadas durante los últimos 108 años sobre el género Aotus en Colombia, incluyendo artículos publicados en revistas indexadas y literatura gris (tesis de pre-grado y posgrado, sin publicar). En total encontramos 143 publicaciones, donde se evidencia una alta representación de estudios biomédicos, en parte debido a los intentos fallidos de desarrollo de vacunas contra enfermedades como la malaria en Colombia. Las especies de monos nocturnos más estudiadas son Aotus nancymaae y Aotus griseimembra, las cuales se encuentran distribuidas en la región del Amazonas y Caribe respectivamente. Varios estudios han intentado esclarecer la compleja taxonomía del género, involucrando técnicas cariológicas, genéticas y morfológicas. En los últimos años ha habido un aumento en el número de investigaciones sobre la ecología de monos nocturnos que describen su densidad poblacional, uso de hábitat, conservación, y aspectos parasitológicos. Aunque el 36% de estas investigaciones se han realizado en A. lemurinus, aún existen grandes vacíos de información sobre las demás especies distribuidas en el país. Encontramos 10 trabajos enfocados en el tráfico de diferentes especies del género, y la distribución de especies en Colombia, y tan sólo un estudio sobre fisiología, uno sobre análisis moleculares y uno sobre aspectos etnobiológicos. A partir de esta revisión, se evidencia la necesidad de ampliar los estudios sobre el género Aotus en Colombia, en particular en sus poblaciones silvestres. De igual forma es necesario generar más investigaciones para aquellas especies menos conocidas en el país como son A. vociferans, A. brumbacki, A. trivirgatus y A. jorgeherandezi. Investigaciones de este tipo permitirían entender los requerimientos de las especies del género permitiendo no sólo llenar estos vacíos de información, sino también la posibilidad de desarrollar planes de conservación efectivos para las diferentes especies del género Aotus.
Observations of golden-mantled tamarins (Leontocebus tripartitus) in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Voyt Rachel , Di Fiore Sofia , Di Fiore Anthony
Published: December 2023

Golden-mantled tamarins (Leontocebus tripartitus) are an understudied callitrichid primate whose geographic range extends from the Río Napo and Río Curaray in Perú into eastern Ecuador. Only one behavioral study of this species has been published to date, which focused on the population overlapping the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Amazonian Ecuador over two decades ago. We reevaluated this same population via a two-month preliminary assessment of demography, ranging patterns, and behavior. We located five groups within a roughly 1 km radius of the station, with group sizes ranging from approximately 5 to 11 individuals. Most groups were unhabituated to human presence, but for one group that was well habituated we collected ranging and behavioral data over approximately 101 follow-hours. The group had a mean daily path length of 1,483 m and home range estimates of 25.9 to 39.9 ha, depending on the method used. Intergroup encounters occurred at a rate of 0.08 per follow hour. Group members exhibited substantial variation in cohesion, with individuals routinely traveling, foraging, and sleeping up to 40 m apart. We observed repeated use of several sleep sites as well as the use of a tree hole as a sleep site (the first recorded use for this species) and documented rapid-avoidance and mobbing anti-predator behaviors. These data suggest substantial changes to the Tiputini golden-mantled tamarin population and provide much needed information on callitrichids from the western Amazon, furthering our understanding of variation in socioecology across the callitrichid radiation overall.
Research on Dynamic Venting Characteristics of City Gas Pipeline Networks and Analysis of Software Development
Authors: Weng Yu , Sun Xiaomao , Gou Mengjiao , Liu Bohua , Yang Shuang , Deng Zhian
Published: December 2023

As an important part of the gas pipeline safety system, the venting pipe plays a role in protecting the safe operation of the network and reducing the consequences of accidents, and its design feasibility, rationality and safety are particularly important. In China, most of the online simulation software used for gas pipeline network venting simulation is limited to expensive, poorly controllable software and difficult to design for specific working conditions, so the application of dynamic simulation software for gas pipeline networks is of great importance. In this paper, simulation software is developed for city gas pipeline venting systems, simulations are carried out using a programming language, the usability of the developed software is verified and the influence of different influencing factors on the venting process is investigated using the control variable method of analysis.
Research on Adaptive Cluster Sampling Method based on PPS
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Yang Ting , Ouyang Shengxiang
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces the principle of PPS-based adaptive cluster sampling method and its modified HH estimator and HT estimator calculation method. It compares PPS-based adaptive cluster sampling method with SRS sampling and SRS-based adaptive group. The difference between the group sampling and the advantages and scope of the PPS adaptive cluster sampling method are analyzed. According to the case analysis, the relevant conclusions are drawn: 1) The adaptive cluster sampling method is more accurate than the SRS sampling; 2) SRS adaptive The HT estimator of the cluster sampling is more stable than the HH estimator; 3) The two estimators of the PPS adaptive cluster sampling method have little difference in the estimation of the population mean, but the HT estimator variance is smaller and more suitable; 4) PPS The HH estimator of adaptive cluster sampling is the same as the HH estimator of SRS adaptive cluster sampling, but the variance is larger and unstable.
Passenger Distribution Regulation of Rail Transit Platform in Standard Station Environment
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Li Haihang , Sun Hao
Published: December 2023

Based on the analysis of the construction characteristics and passenger behavior characteristics of the standard station platform of rail transit, combined with the actual data, under the environment of the standard station, the distribution law of the platform passengers is studied. Through the change of different flow, the influence of the change on the overall distribution is studied, which provides a new idea and method for the study of the passenger distribution on the standard platform of rail transit.
A Method for Extracting Planar Image Features based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Yang Shengjun , Wu Zhonglan , Li Xiaohong , Hong Yun
Published: December 2023

This paper is supported by the 2022YFG0070 science and technology plan of Sichuan Province. Image feature extraction technology plays a very important role in the measurement and control process of industrial product processing, but for planar micro defects in the background, the current general single shot multibox detector (SSD) has some disadvantages, such as easy loss of feature information, low detection accuracy, and insufficient number of detection feature maps. In view of the above problems, combined with the characteristics and requirements of image feature extraction in the process of measurement and control processing, this paper proposes and designs BSSD algorithm. The algorithm uses ResNet34 to extract more micro defect information to solve the problem of feature extraction; Seven multi-scale feature maps were selected to increase the number of feature maps for detecting micro defects; A backtracking layer is set up to fuse the abstract information of the high-level network into the shallow network before the multi-scale feature map is input into the classification network to enhance the expression ability of the abstract features. The experimental data show that the accuracy is comparable to DSSD, and the speed is similar to FSSD, which shows a significant advantage in the accuracy of small target detection.
Medicinalinspektøren – et nyt embede i hertugdømmet Slesvig 1853 til 1864
Authors: Brix Johannes
Published: December 2023

Indtil Tre-årskrigens afslutning og fredstraktatens vedtagelse i 1852 havde det medicinske fakultet ved Kiels Universitet været  omdrejningspunktet for sundhedsvæsenet i hertugdømmerne Slesvig og Holsten såvel på det medicinske som det sundhedsadministrative område. Krigens afslutning medførte, at mange af de politiske bånd mellem Slesvig og Holsten  bortfaldt. Blandt andet ophørte Slesvig lovgivningsmæssigt med at være knyttet til det medicinske fakultet i Kiel. I stedet blev  sundhedsvæsenet i Slesvig reguleret med en forordning af 19. december 1852, som rummede en række nyskabelser, hvor den mest markante nok var etableringen af en stilling som medicinalinspektør. Medicinalinspektøren skulle virke i en region, hvor  der netop havde været krig, hvor en stor del af befolkningen ikke magtede det danske sprog og hvor lægestanden i betydeligt omfang var præget af et slesvig-holstensk sindelag.
Nødpenge fra afstemningstiden i Slesvig 1919-1921 – propaganda eller pengemaskine?
Authors: Petersen Klaus Tolstrup
Published: December 2023

I årene under og efter 1. Verdenskrig var brugen af nødpengesedler et udbredt fænomen i Tyskland. Med tiden udviklede  nødpengene sig fra at være en nødforanstaltning til et samlerobjekt med farverige illustrationer ofte tegnet af kunstnere. Ved  Versailleskonferencen efter 1. verdenskrig blev det bestemt, at en ny dansk-tysk grænse skulle afgøres på baggrund af  folkeafstemninger i Nord- og Mellemslesvig. Både før og efter folkeafstemningerne blev nødpenge benyttet til at illustrere  nationale dagsordner og er derfor et vidnesbyrd om den anspændte sindsstemning, som herskede i Slesvig i årene efter krigen. I denne artikel undersøges udviklingen af denne særlige type ”plebiscitpenge” samt deres betydning som propagandamiddel  og lukrativt salgsobjekt.
Sønderjydsk Forening for Fredericia og Omegn
Authors: Lykke Lisbeth Aagaard
Published: December 2023

Sønderjydsk Forening for Fredericia og Omegn blev stiftet i 1889 for at støtte sønderjyderne, der efter 1864 var underlagt  preussisk herredømme. Gennem undersøgelser af foreningens forhandlingsprotokoller og regnskaber samt nedslag i lokale  aviser afdækkes, hvem initiativtagerne til foreningen var, og hvordan foreningen konkret arbejdede med at fremme interessen  for den sønderjyske sag lokalt samt bidrog til sønderjydernes fortsatte tilknytning til Danmark. Undersøgelsen giver dermed et  indblik i det sønderjyske støttearbejde i Kongeriget efter 1864 i forhold til initieringen og fastholdelsen af interessen for den sønderjyske sag i Danmark frem til afstemningerne og Genforeningen i 1920.
Valdemar Ammundsen – Sønderjyllands første biskop efter Genforeningen
Authors: Haarløv Steen
Published: December 2023

Efter Genforeningen i 1920 blev Valdemar Ammundsen valgt til biskop i Haderslev stift. Han fik stor betydning for overgangen  til Folkekirken i Sønderjylland efter Genforeningen, og den såkaldte ”ammundske linje” var et udtryk for hans arbejde for, at kirken  skulle rumme alle mennesker i hvert sogn – både dansk- og tysksindede. I denne artikel analyseres Ammundsens betydning som  ”Genforenings-biskop” i Sønderjylland.
"Marks of their origin": Using Dido, Queen of Carthage to Think Critically about National Origin Myths at Northumbria University (UK)
Authors: Frazer Paul
Published: December 2023

This paper describes an approach to teaching Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe’s Dido, Queen of Carthage as part of an optional undergraduate (final year) English literature module in the UK. The session in focus for this paper is one 3-hour workshop-seminar on Marlowe’s Dido, which is read in relation to mythic origins – a term used to introduce the origin story as a political concept. The work students complete on this play is designed to not only strengthen their understanding of how origins stories can be politically useful, but also for the capacity of drama and its modern readers, to question them.
Is there a legal and ethical duty on doctors to inform patients of the likely co-payment costs should they be treated by practitioners who have contracted out of medical scheme rates?
Authors: McQuoid-Mason D
Published: December 2023

A hypothetical scenario is presented in which a female patient is admitted to a private hospital to undergo a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. The surgeons and anaesthetists conducting the different procedures charge three times the medical aid rates. When the patient asks what the co-payments are likely to be, she is informed by the doctors’ accounts section that they can only provide this information after each procedure. The patient’s medical scheme also advises her that it cannot determine the likely co-payments unless she completes the assessment form sent to her. The form requires her to include the costs reflected against the relevant ICD10 codes. The patient cannot complete the form because the doctors’ accounts sections have not informed her about the proposed procedures and the likely costs of each. This article builds on a previous article discussing doctors’ overarching responsibility to disclose medical treatment costs in advance. The present article outlines the legal requirements in the South African Constitution, the National Health Act and the Health Professions Act, and refers to the Promotion of Access to Information Act and Consumer Protection Act. Similar to the earlier article, this article addresses the ethical requirements of the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the internationally recognised biomedical ethical principles. Furthermore, it also refers to the National Patients Charter, the government’s policy document on health care services.
The war on Gaza. A test of our humanity
Authors: Sathar M A
Published: December 2023

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Gaza and international law: The global obligation to protect life and health
Authors: Soni S
Published: December 2023

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Outcomes of traumatic brain injury patients in an adult intensive care unit of a South African regional hospital, without on-site neurosurgical service: A retrospective quantitative study on the neurological improvement at discharge
Authors: Sallie A , Wise R
Published: December 2023

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability. The South African (SA) province of Kwazulu-Natal faces challenges in providing appropriate care for TBI patients owing to limited resources and delayed access to healthcare services. We aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with TBI who were treated at a hospital without a neurosurgical unit (NSU).
Objectives. The primary objective was to compare the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores at admission and discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with TBI receiving neuroprotection. Secondary objectives included analysing demographics and identifying predictive factors associated with GCS score improvement.
Methods. This retrospective study analysed data from the already established ICU Integrated Critical Care Electronic Database. Data on patient demographics, mechanisms of injury and GCS scores were collected and analysed.
Results. The analysis included 95 TBI patients, most of whom were young males. Interpersonal violence and transport-related trauma were the main causes of injury among patients. Approximately 63% of patients had a GCS score improvement >1 upon discharge from the ICU. Patients who received >12 hours of neuroprotection in the emergency department had significantly lower rates of improvement.
Conclusion. Sixty-three percent of TBI patients had improved GCS scores by >1 on discharge from the ICU, but outcomes varied. Delayed ICU admission from the emergency department of >12 hours might contribute to worse outcomes. Timely neuroprotection, improved access to neurosurgical care and better understanding of the factors affecting outcomes are needed.
Deep medicine ... Navigating the intersection of technology, cognition and ethics in the digital age of medicine
Authors: Gopalan D , Pienaar M , Brokensha S
Published: December 2023

The digital expansion in medicine and healthcare has been immense and extremely valuable. The biggest concern in the face of this inevitable growth is how we manage to keep contact with our patients and preserve the human touch so essential in healing. Digital healthcare should not be about technology replacing clinicians. Instead, it should be about augmenting and supplementing healthcare providers to improve the ways in which we deliver personalised healthcare. It is vital that we focus on how we can revitalise the patient-clinician relationship in this digital age.
Environmental impacts of certification programmes at Colombian coffee plantations
Authors: Caviedes Rubio Diego Ivan , Delgado Daniel Ricardo , Olaya Amaya Alfredo
Published: December 2023

Certification programmes are often promoted as a sustainable solution for the negative environmental and socio-economic effects generated by agricultural activities. This scope review assesses the seven most adopted certification programmes in Colombian coffee plantations and their ecological, economic and social impacts. In addition, this scope review characterises the coffee regions where the studies are conducted and the main methodological approaches that are used. The review revealed that the main methodological approach used in the studies is the mixed approach and that the largest number of studies is not conducted in the departments that report the highest coffee production rates. The main certification program assessed in this review is the Rainforest Alliance. However, this study also reports the existence of several gaps caused by multi-certification effects. In total, 87 reports of ecological, economic, and social impacts were identified. Out of the 87 environmental impact reports of the certifications identified in this study, 66 were positive and only 21 were negative.
Recepción de Ideas sobre la verdadera estimación de las fuerzas vivas en la literatura clásica sobre la obra de Kant, y su reciente valorización
Authors: Giribet Gaston
Published: December 2023

La filosofía de Kant del período crítico es deudora de la metafísica que se encuentra en sus primeras obras, y en particular en aquellas de comienzos del período precrítico. Esto es así en cuanto sus primeras obras, no sólo anticipan, sino también habilitan muchos elementos que más tarde aparecerán en su filosofía madura. Sostenemos que entender el contenido de los primeros trabajos de Kant es necesario para comprender adecuadamente su filosofía natural del período crítico. En este artículo revisaremos la recepción que ha tenido el primer libro de Kant, Ideas sobre la verdadera estimación de las fuerzas vivas en la literatura clásica sobre la obra de Kant, y contribuiremos a su adeudada revalorización.
Kants Weltbürgerrecht Revisited Eine Replik
Authors: Reinhardt Karoline
Published: December 2023

The article is a response to the commentaries on „Migration und Weltbürgerrecht“ (2019) by Gustavo Leyva, Daniel Loewe and Roberta Picardi. After a brief introduction, I highlight the central questions of the commentaries and formulate answers to the objections raised. The three commentaries deal with four major topics: the reconstruction of the basis of Kant's justification of Cosmopolitan Right, its scope with special reference to the prohibition of non-refoulement, the significance of public space in Kant's argumentation in the Doctrine of Right, and the argumentative status of provisional possession in Kant's political philosophy.
Der Beitrag antwortet auf die Kommentare zu Migration und Weltbürgerrecht von Gustavo Leyva, Daniel Loewe und Roberta Picardi. Nach einer kurzen Einführung stelle ich die zentralen Fragen der Kommentare heraus und formuliere Antworten auf die vorgebrachten Einwände. Die drei Kommentare beschäftigen sich dabei mit vier größere Themenkomplexen: die Rekonstruktion der Begründungsgrundlage des Weltbürgerrechts bei Kant, dessen Reichweite unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verbots auf Nichtabweisung, die Bedeutung des öffentlichen Raums in der Argumentation Kants in der Rechtslehre und den argumentativen Status des provisorischen Besitzes in Kants Rechtsphilosophie.
Einführung des Dossiers “Kant und die Leibniz-Wolffsche Tradition”
Authors: Lang Stefan , Matějčkova Tereza
Published: December 2023

Die Leibniz-Wolffsche Tradition hat im Bereich der Geschichte der Philosophie an Bedeutung gewonnen.[1] Zu dieser Tradition zählen neben den Namensgebern, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz und Christian Wolff, die Vertreter der deutschen Schulmetaphysik des 18. Jahrhunderts und die Leibnizianer wie Moses Mendelssohn oder Johann August Eberhard.[2] Zu der deutschen Schulmetaphysik des 18. Jahrhunderts gehören neben Wolff die „Wolffianer“, bspw. Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, Johann Christoph Gottsched, Georg Friedrich Meier oder Hermann Samuel Reimarus, während Leibniz und (zumeist) auch Mendelssohn nicht zur deutschen Schulmetaphysik gezählt werden (Heimsoeth, 1967, Krijnen, 2017, Wundt, 1964).[3]Indes ist Leibniz auch für Wolff und die Wolffianer eine Schlüsselfigur gewesen.

[1] Seit dem Ende des zweiten Weltkriegs hat die Erforschung der Leibniz-Wolffschen Tradition in den 1960er und den 1970er Jahren einen ersten Höhepunkt erreicht (vgl. bspw. Arndt, 1971, Bissinger, 1970, École, 1973, 1979). In dieser Einleitung werden vor allem Arbeiten erwähnt, die nach der Jahrtausendwende erschienen sind, um auf diese Weise das aktuelle Interesse an der Leibniz-Wolffschen Tradition zu verdeutlichen.

[2] Von der deutschen Schulmetaphysik des 18. Jahrhunderts ist die deutsche Schulmetaphysik des 17. Jahrhunderts zu unterscheiden. Zur deutschen Schulmetaphysik des 17. Jahrhunderts siehe Wundt (1939).

[3] Gideon Stiening zählt Mendelssohn jedoch zur deutschen Schulmetaphysik (Stiening, 2014, S. 55).
Forms and methods of tax control of the application of corporate income tax preferences
Authors: Avdeeva Valentina Mikhailovna
Published: December 2023

The control of the tax authorities over the correctness of the application of tax benefits and preferences aimed at supporting and stimulating various types of economic activity has a goal to put a barrier to possible abuses and fraud. In the process of implementing tax policy, attention should be paid to the analysis of the practice of applying and administering tax preferences established by tax legislation. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to determine the forms and methods of tax control for corporate income tax, within which the legality of the application of tax preferences is checked. The subject of the study is the tax control of the application of income tax preferences at the present stage of socio-economic development, as well as the transformation of forms and methods of tax control in the context of digitalization of the economy. The methodological basis of the study is the methodology of the system paradigm, the logical-epistemological method of cognition, the unity of structural and functional analysis of the problem. The methodological basis of the research is the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the relationship between the general and the special, the dialectical and hypothetical research method, scientific abstraction and forecasting, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, the methodology for conducting an on-site tax audit on income tax was determined, within the framework of which tax control measures are carried out to prevent abuse of preferences for this tax. The most popular trend of tax control is also identified - the digitalization of the work of tax authorities, which can lead to an increase in the number of tax revenues. In addition, in order to increase the effectiveness of tax control over the application of corporate income tax preferences, this article presents proposals regarding the rational and optimal management of income tax preferences, among which, for example, it is proposed to study the possibility of replacing some preferences with direct subsidies, which are subject to the budget control procedure, for budgetary transparency.
Investigation of laser-induced single event effect on SiGe BiCMOS low noise amplifiers
Authors: Li Pei , Dong Zhi-Yong , Guo Hong-Xia , Zhang Feng-Qi , Guo Ya-Xin , Peng Zhi-Gang , He Chao-Hui ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institution of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: December 2023

With the further development of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and the silicon-germanium (SiGe) epitaxy technology, SiGe bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are widely used in the first level of radio frequency (RF) transceiver system in space. The core part of SiGe BiCMOS LNA is SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) which naturally possesses excellent temperature characteristic and favorable build-in total ionizing dose and displacement damage resistance without any radiation hardening. However, the single event effect caused by the transient charge collection is the bottleneck problem, restricting its application in space. In this work, laser microbeam experiments were carried out on a SiGe BiCMOS LNA in which the sensitive region of single event effect was located. The experimental results indicate that the transient charge collection of SiGe HBT is the main reason of the single event effect of SiGe BiCMOS LNA. TCAD simulations show that the ionization track caused by ion incident in CMOS region will cross the deep trench isolation (DTI) structure, generate electron-hole pairs in SiGe HBT region and cause transient charge collection. The circuit simulations by ADS show that the peak value of the transient voltage will drop sharply when the SEE pulse transient voltage crosses the capacitor between the first stage and the second stage, which indicates that the capacitor plays an important role in transmitting the transient pulses caused by single event effect. The experimental and simulation results in this work provide technical support for radiation hardening by design (RHBD) of the single event effect of SiGe BiCMOS LNA.
Maresin 1 repletion improves muscle regeneration after volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Castor-Macias Jesus A , Larouche Jacqueline A , Wallace Emily C , Spence Bonnie D , Eames Alec , Duran Pamela , Yang Benjamin A , Fraczek Paula M , Davis Carol A , Brooks Susan V , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Markworth James F , Aguilar Carlos A
Published: December 2023

The acute traumatic or surgical loss of skeletal muscle, known as volumetric muscle loss (VML), is a devastating type of injury that results in exacerbated and persistent inflammation followed by fibrosis. The mechanisms that mediate the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response and ensuing fibrosis after VML remain understudied, and as such, the development of regenerative therapies has been limited. To address this need, we profiled how lipid mediators, which are potent regulators of the immune response after injury, varied with VML injuries that heal or result in fibrosis. We observed that non-healing VML injuries displayed increased pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and a lack of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Treatment of VML with a pro-resolving lipid mediator synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid, called Maresin 1, ameliorated fibrosis through reduction of neutrophils and macrophages and enhanced recovery of muscle strength. These results expand our knowledge of the dysregulated immune response that develops after VML and identify a novel immuno-regenerative therapeutic modality in Maresin 1.
Kunnskapsbasert sykepleie ved frontotemporal demens
Authors: Eid Hege Rasmussen
Published: December 2023

Bakgrunn: Frontotemporal demens (FTD) rammer ofte yngre personer og har et komplekst symptombilde. Sykepleie for pasienter med FTD er utfordrende, likevel foreligger det lite erfaringsbasert og forskningsbasert kunnskap om dette. Hensikt: Å undersøke hva internasjonal forskningsbasert kunnskap, nasjonale retningslinjer og faglige råd sier om sykepleie for pasienter med FTD. Metode: Scoping review. Resultat: 19 artikler ble inkludert. Internasjonal forskningslitteratur viser at samarbeid med pårørende, kompetanse hos sykepleiere, individualisert tilpassede omgivelser og aktiviteter samt behandlingsintervensjoner bør inngå i sykepleie til pasienter med FTD. Nasjonale retningslinjer og faglige råd sier ikke noe om sykepleie til pasienter med FTD. Konklusjon: Kompleksiteten ved FTD gir andre føringer for sykepleie enn ved andre demenssykdommer. Nasjonale retningslinjer ved demens generelt rommer noe av anbefalingene som finnes i forskningslitteraturen, men mye tyder på at det kan være behov for mer diagnosespesifikke retningslinjer ved FTD. Dette bør undersøkes nærmere i fremtidige studier.
«The students like me less in digital lectures»
Authors: Breiby Monica Adele , Hauge Åshild Lappegard , Holen Stig , Stølan Trygve
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic actualized teaching in digital learning environments and brought a steep learning curve for teachers in higher education. Several studies focusing on students’ experiences of this period have gradually emerged, but there has been less on how teachers experience digital learning environments. Hence, the purpose of this empirical study was to gain knowledge about how teachers experienced online teaching of large groups during the pandemic. Two group interviews were conducted with experienced teachers. The main finding was that teaching in digital environments leads to a type of digital apathy. The teachers experienced black screens and a lack of response from students, having a negative effect on them. They become tired, demotivated, and drained of energy. They experienced losing their qualities as lecturers, becoming boring, and being less free in what they could say. Breakout groups were easy to manage, but many students would leave when these were introduced. Teaching in digital learning environments seemed to lead to a comfortable distance, which posed a risk for both students and teachers to become resigned. Therefore, this teaching format may be more demanding than teaching in physical environments. The interviews were conducted at a time when teaching in digital learning environments was novel, and the informants’ expectations may have been characterized by traditional teaching. Their experiences may be different in the long run.
Factors influencing employees' intention to withdraw one-time social security: an empirical research in Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Dam Thi Thanh , Ngoc Ngo Thi , Thao Do Phuong , Binh Nguyen Viet
Published: December 2023

The article synthesizes and analyzes a number of factors affecting the employee's intention to receive one-time Social Insurance (VSS) based on the research method, an overview of previous documents related to the research topic, combining in-depth interview methods and group discussions. At the same time, the article proposes a number of solutions to improve the VSS policy, limit the increase in one-time VSS benefits, and ensure long-term social security for employees.
Morphological Changes in Paraspinal Muscles on MR Imaging in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients with Unilateral Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Pulkit , Sareen Atul , Kumar Nishith , Boruah Tankeshwar , Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Singh Dharmendra Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) caused by Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is a major cause of chronic disability worldwide. The management of LDH depends on clinical assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings. Atrophy or fatty replacement of paraspinous muscles has a negative impact on the outcomes of both conservative and surgical treatment for LBP due to LDH. Aim: To analyse the morphological changes in paraspinous muscles using MRI in patients with chronic LBP and unilateral LDH. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital in New Delhi, India, from December 2020 to May 2022. A total of 59 patients, aged 21-65 years, with chronic LBP and unilateral LDH on MRI, were included in the study. The morphological changes in the Multifidus Muscle (MM) and Erector Spinae Muscle (EM) were analysed. The Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of MM and EM, as well as the Signal Intensity (SI) of MM on the herniated side of the lumbar disc, were recorded and compared to the contralateral side at the same level. Continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD, median, and interquartile range, while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 39.17±12.82 years, with 59.3% male and 40.7% female participants. The CSA of MM on the side of disc herniation was 5.84±1.53 cm2 , compared to 6.52±1.69 cm2 on the unaffected side (p=0.02). The CSA of EM on the side of unilateral disc herniation was 13.08±3.04 cm2 , compared to 14.29±3.22 cm2 on the unaffected side (p=0.01). The SI of MM on the affected side was 175.84±100.99, compared to 147.70±83.50 on the unaffected side (p=0.02). Conclusion: Chronic LBP due to unilateral LDH resulted in a reduction in the Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) and fatty infiltration of the ipsilateral paraspinous muscles.
The Utilization of \(3^2\) Full Factorial Design (FFD) for Optimization of Lincomycin Hydrochloride (LNH) Loaded Nanogel Involving; Design of Experiments (DoE) an Advanced Approach
Authors: Pal Rahul , Pandey Prachi , Jha Devanand , Dutta Prottay , Sahoo Subhashree , Gupta Rishabh , Rizwan Mohammad , Keskar Madhuri Sahdev , Kumar Vikash , Chawra Himmat Singh
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The ongoing research aims to enhance the development of LNH-loaded nanogel by utilizing DoE as the computational method to statistically validate their formulation.

Methodology: In this research Chitosan used as a natural polymer and Poly (Ethylene glycol) [PEG] as a penetration or permeation enhancer. The different nanogel of LNH were synthesized using the Nanoprecipitation and Dispersion method, with variations in the drug-polymer ratio (1/0.03, 1/0.08, 1/0.12). The process parameters were carefully optimizing for enhance the efficiency of the synthesis. To achieve this, optimization studies were conducted using 3² FFD, employing the Design Expert Software Trial version 10.0.7. The total of 13 runs were generated to ensure comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the procedure. The selected independent variables included the concentration of Chitosan (R1) and Carbopol 934 (R2). The dependent variables, on the other hand, were particle size (P1), Polydispersity Index (P2), and % Drug release (P3), chosen in that order. By employing this optimization technique, one can acquire valuable information in a manner that is both efficient and cost-effective. This approach facilitates a deeper comprehension of the relationship between controllable independent variables and the performance and quality of the Nanogels being produced.

Conclusion: The nanogels containing drugs were tested for drug release, PDI, and particle size. The standardized formulation, ER12, was achieved successfully. Consequently, it was determined that LNH can be formulated as nanogels that can maintain drug release for 24 hours. This shows potential for improved drug delivery in topical treatments, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional therapy formulations.
Sero-Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among HIV Patients and Healthy Female Volunteers in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Danagogo Lawson Stephenson , Ogbonnie Enyinnaya Stella , Adah Ikpeama Roseanne , Orevaoghene Onosakponome Evelyn , Ugochukwu Nyenke Clement
Published: December 2023

Background: Chlamydios is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) known to cause damage to a woman’s reproductive organs. The study was undertaken to determine the sero-prevalence of chlamydiosis among HIV patients and Healthy female volunteers in Port-Harcourt.  The prevalence of chlamydiosis was investigated among 250 (150 HIV patients, and 100 Healthy volunteers) consented women of reproductive age attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay technique was performed to detect Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies. The overall sero-prevalence of C. trachomatis in the among healthy volunteers was 10%, while that of HIV patents was 12.7%. HIV patients who were above 35 years accounted for 16% of the disease distribution. When prevalence was evaluated with the subgroups, there was no significant difference of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies across the subgroups (P>0.05). There was no association between socio-demographic factors and sero-prevalence of chlamydiosis. The possible risk factor for chlamydiosis base on life style was lack of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (P<0.05) as a result of limited awareness of the infection by majority of the participants. Chlamydiosis is largely under diagnosed in the population. Therefore every sexually active woman irrespective of age is expected to undergo screening for chlamydia infection.
Isolation and Identification of Antibiotic-Susceptible Bacteria from Abattoir Effluent in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Anele B. C.  , Immanuel O. M.  , Uzor B. C.  , George-West O.  , Okerentugba P.  , Ikeh, I. M.  , Stanley H. O.  , Samuel J.
Published: December 2023

Abattoir environment can become a significant reservoir for antibiotic resistance bacteria, particularly in abattoirs that do not treat their waste before discharge. This study seeks to verify the antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from abattoir wastewater in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria. The bacteria were isolated from the wastewater using a standard plating technique. The antibiotics sensitivity pattern of all bacterial isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates with high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index (≥0.5) were screened for genes for pathogenicity (icaC, adhesion gene) and antibiotic resistance (QnrA gene). The abattoir wastewaters were contaminated by bacteria resistant to no less than two of the antibiotics experimented with (MAR index range, 0.2-1.0). The isolates were identified as Acinetobacter brisouii, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus stratosphericus and Priestia flexa. Among these isolates, 2(50.0%) harboured the QnrA gene while 3(75.0%) harboured the icaC gene. The findings underscore the importance of abattoir wastewater as an environmental flashpoint for antibiotic resistance. Detection of bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistance in abattoir wastewater would inform cautious use of antibiotics, to check the spread of antibiotic resistance emanating from this source.
Evaluation of Herbicides for the Management of Complex Weed Flora in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Ketan  , Gola Sunil Kumar , Thakur Shabnam , Rana S. S. , Chaudhary D. R. , Kumar Sumit , Kaul Priyanshi
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during Kharif, 2022 to study the effect of herbicide combinations for the management weeds in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised of eleven weed control treatments viz., oxyfluorfen 150 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), pretilachlor 1000 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), quizalofop- ethyl 100 g ha-1 ( pre-emergence), oxyfluorfen 100 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 700 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), imazethapyr 70 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 50 g ha-1+ chlorimuron 3 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 500 g ha-1+ imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW, 2 HWs (30 and 45 DAS) and weedy check. Results of the study revealed that hand weeding (twice) and pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW effectively reduced weed count and dry matter of the weed species. Highest weed control efficiency of 75.6 per cent was obtained from hand weeding (twice) treatment followed by 63.7 per cent with pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1  (pre-emergence) fb HW. The treatment, hand weeding (twice) also produced significantly higher pod yield (16.14 t/ha), gross (₹ 2, 83,795) and net (₹2, 66,732) returns due to weed control. Amongst herbicidal treatments, pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW proved best as it resulted in significantly higher pod yield (14.24 t/ha), gross (₹ 2, 38,006) and net (₹ 2, 31,129) returns due to weed control. The treatment, Imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 gave the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) of 178.9.