bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining longitudinal changes in citation practices
Authors: Liu Yingying , Qi Huilei
Published: September 2024

While previous research has revealed the form and function features of citations across diverse disciplines, writer groups of varying expertise, and academic genres, limited attention has been given to the developmental trajectories in citation practices among novice academic writers. To address this issue, we conducted a corpus-based, discipline-specific analysis of the citation practices of L2 English novice academic writers over time. Using a multi-perspective analytical approach, we examined citation types and functions, along with reporting verbs and reporting structures in 39 linguistics course papers written by 13 L2 English undergraduate students across three semesters. Overall, we observed an increase in citation density, with more diverse citation forms and functions, as well as an expanding usage of reporting verbs and structures. Our results shed light on the developmental trajectory of citation practices and the persistent challenges for novice academic writers. Implications for English for Academic Purposes pedagogy are discussed.
Creencias y actitudes de estudiantes universitarios barceloneses hacia la variedad centro-septentrional del español
Authors: Forment Fernández María del Mar , Illamola Cristina
Published: September 2024

Abstracta

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los resultados de la aplicación de la encuesta para medir las creencias y actitudes hacia las variedades cultas del español del proyecto PRECAVES XXI a estudiantes universitarios barceloneses de los grados impartidos en la Facultad de Filología y Comunicación de la Universidad de Barcelona. El estudio se centra en el grado de reconocimiento de las variedades cultas del español por parte de los informantes y en el análisis de las percepciones y valoraciones de estos informantes hacia la variedad centro-septentrional. La metodología seguida en la investigación no había sido aplicada con anterioridad a hablantes nacidos en Cataluña, razón por la cual los resultados del estudio aportarán datos novedosos. Además, el análisis que se plantea es pionero en la consideración de la lengua inicial del informante como factor explicativo de sus creencias hacia las variedades cultas de la lengua española y más específicamente hacia la variedad propia, es decir, la variedad centro-septentrional.
Calculations of positron scattering from F, F2, HF, and various fluorocarbons
Authors: Mori N A , Umer H , Scarlett L H , Bray I , Fursa D V
Published: September 2024

Single center convergent close-coupling calculations have been completed for positron scattering from atomic fluorine. Total, electron-loss, positronium-formation, direct ionization, momentum transfer, elastic, bound-state excitation, and stopping power cross sections have been determined for energies between threshold and 5000 eV. Past calculations for this scattering system exist only for elastic and momentum-transfer cross sections. For high energies, good agreement is found between current and past results. At low energies, however, large differences are found between the current calculations and previous results. The atomic fluorine results are then used in a modified independent atom approach to calculate cross sections for positron scattering on F2, HF, CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, and C6F6. The current molecular results are typically higher than previous positron experiments across the calculated energy range, however, these experiments were not corrected for the forward angle scattering effect and likely underestimate the true result. Good agreement is found between the current positron results and previous electron experiments and calculations at high energies.
Usefulness and limitations of various detector systems for estimation of 131I thyroid activity following an RN event
Authors: Hjellström Martin , Westerbergh Frida , Forssell-Aronsson Eva , Isaksson Mats
Published: September 2024

Following a radiological or nuclear (RN) event, rapid measurement of 131I in members of the public is of utmost importance, and much equipment is needed for a high throughput. In this study, three gamma cameras (GCs), two thyroid uptake meters (TUMs) and one whole-body counter (WBC) were calibrated for activity measurements of 131I in the thyroid. Minimum detectable activity was derived for the GCs, the TUMs and the WBC giving that a committed effective dose (CED) in the interval 2.0–85 μSv, 13–700 μSv and 0.52–6.4 μSv, and thyroid absorbed doses in the interval 0.075–2.1 mGy, 0.48–17 mGy, and 0.020–0.15 mGy, respectively, can be assessed for children, adolescents, and adults. These numbers are based on 10 min measurement, performed at 1, 3 and 7 d after intake, and the CED includes intake by ingestion and inhalation of aerosols Type F, with an activity median aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm. For a fractional signal loss of 63% due to dead time, a CED up to 2.0, 84 and 3.6 Sv and thyroid absorbed dose up to 47 Gy, 2000 Gy and 88 Gy for the three systems, respectively, can be assessed for children and intake by ingestion as a worst-case scenario in terms of CED, measured 7 d after intake. This study demonstrates the potential and limitations of using equipment readily available at larger hospitals for estimation of 131I content in thyroid, which could increase the measurement capability following an RN event.
Exploring the electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of TbPtBi half-Heusler: DFT study
Authors: Patel Pratik D
Published: September 2024

In this investigation, we employed density functional theory to scrutinize the structural, electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, and phonon properties of the topological half-Heusler (HH) TbPtBi compound. The stable phonon dispersion spectrum affirms the dynamical stability of the compound. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) significantly influenced the compound’s electronic and thermoelectric properties. The density of state (DOS) confirmed the impact of SOC on the topologically non-trivial metallic behavior of TbPtBi under the equilibrium lattice constant. The SOC altered the DOS at the Fermi level, leading to band splitting and a notable 70% reduction in state density. The Tb-4f electrons in the compound induce total magnetization in AFM (−5.93 µB/cell) and FM (5.94 µB/cell) phases, while SOC eliminates this magnetization. The thermoelectric performance of TbPtBi under compressive and tensile strain has been systematically studied. The result indicate that compressive strain causes a notable increment in Seebeck coefficient and Power factor (20.4 × 1011 W K−2 m−1) of this compound at room temperature. High thermoelectric performance under compressive strain in the HH compound TbPtBi might open new avenues for investigating other topological thermoelectric materials.
Sliding-mode-based preassigned-time control of a class of memristor chaotic systems
Authors: Fan 樊 Jinrong 金荣 , Lai 赖 Qiang 强 , Wang 汪 Qiming 其铭 , Wang 王 Leimin 雷敏
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the preassigned-time chaos control problem of memristor chaotic systems with time delays. Since the introduction of memristor, the presented models are nonlinear systems with chaotic dynamics. First, the TS fuzzy method is adopted to describe the chaotic systems. Then, a sliding-model-based control approach is proposed to achieve the preassigned-time stabilization of the presented models, where the upper bound of stabilization time can be arbitrarily specified in advance. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of presented control approach and theoretic results.
Asymptotic analysis on bright solitons and breather solutions of a generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an optical fiber or a planar waveguide
Authors: Zhao 赵 Xin 鑫 , Du 杜 Zhong 仲 , Zhou 周 Li-Jian 立俭 , Liu 刘 Rong-Xiang 荣香 , Wang 王 Xu-Hu 绪虎
Published: September 2024

We study a generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an optical fiber or a planar waveguide. We obtain the Lax pair and N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) with N being a positive integer. Based on Lax pair obtained by us, we derive the infinitely-many conservation laws. We give the bright one-, two-, and N-soliton solutions, and the first-, second-, and Nth-order breather solutions based on the N-fold DT. We conclude that the velocities of the bright solitons are influenced by the distributed gain function, g(z), and variable coefficients in equation, h
1(z), p
1(z), r
1(z), and s
1(z) via the asymptotic analysis, where z represents the propagation variable or spatial coordinate. We also graphically observe that: the velocities of the first- and second-order breathers will be affected by h
1(z), p
1(z), r
1(z), and s
1(z), and the background wave depends on g(z).
Correlations in classical non-equilibrium systems and their connection with temperature
Authors: Davis Sergio
Published: September 2024

Correlations are essential for the description of the properties of complex systems, particularly from the point of view of statistical mechanics. In this work we discuss the existence of correlations between parts of a non-equilibrium, composite system in a steady state, and its relation with the concept of temperature fluctuations. For this purpose, we review a recently proposed definition of steady-state temperature, namely the fundamental inverse temperature, together with a descriptor of temperature uncertainty, the inverse temperature covariance, showing that both of these quantities are invariants upon the choice of subsystems.
Optimizing Volcanic Hazard Modeling with Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs)
Authors: Gómez-Leyton Yuvineza , Salazar Pablo
Published: September 2024

Volcanic hazards represent a constant challenge for the communities that coexist around these dynamic geological phenomena. The ability to accurately forecast volcanic activity is crucial to mitigating associated risks and protecting life and resources. In this context, Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) emerge as a promising tool to improve volcanic hazard modeling, fusing the power of neural networks with deep knowledge of the physical laws that govern these complex natural phenomena. The main objective of this work is to provide an initial overview of the application and development of methodologies based on PINNs to improve accuracy and prediction in volcanic hazard modeling. By integrating physical principles through PDEs, we have noticed that PINNs overcome the limitations associated with the scarcity of data and allow us to describe the behavior of a system in an optimal way considering the scarcity of information.
Using Montecarlo Optimization for an Improved Solar Active Region Algorithm Detection Scheme
Authors: Castillo M. S. , Muñoz V. , Calderón F. A.
Published: September 2024

In the present work we propose a new methodology for the automatic identification of solar active regions in solar magnetograms, that uses Montecarlo method to find the optimized filter parameters. The results not only show that it is possible to reconstruct the counts of databases, but also to a robust characterization of its shapes, yielding to the profiling of the active regions area distribution and longevity.
Model for plasma transport due to drift waves based on mappings including finite Larmor radius
Authors: Martinell Julio J , Medrano-Albarrán Andrés E
Published: September 2024

Turbulence in plasmas is modeled by fluctuating electric fields that determine particle motion through the E × B drift velocity which can lead to chaotic behavior. When applied to an ensemble of plasma particles in the chaotic regime their transport is studied: the anomalous plasma transport. The fluctuations are modeled by a spectrum of traveling waves with a wide frequency span which converts the equations of motion into an iterative mapping. The statistical properties of transport are derived. When the waves amplitude is small the particle orbits are regular, but as it is increased the behavior becomes increasingly chaotic. The effect of finite Larmor radius and the presence of a background plasma flow is also studied. We show that when a thermal population of particles is considered, the transport becomes non-local, as evidenced by a non-Gaussian particle distribution function (PDF). We have analyzed two different kinds of sheared flows: (1) a monotonic velocity shear and (2) a non-monotonic shear. The presence of transport barriers associated with the sheared velocity is also studied. We also present the application of the same techniques to study the transport of energetic particles that are born with a monoenergetic distribution.
Evolution Equations Exhibiting H-Theorems related to the LMC Statistical Measures of Complexity
Authors: Plastino Angel R. , Wedemann Roseli S.
Published: September 2024

The LMC statistical measure of complexity (and other related measures that, in this work, are collectively referred to as “LMC measures”) have been applied, by researchers in physics and other areas, to the study of diverse problems. In spite of the intriguing results reported in those studies, relatively little attention has been devoted to characterize what types of dynamics lead to the optimization of the LMC measures. As a first, exploratory step in that direction, we consider an example of a family of evolution equations admitting an H-like theorem related to the LMC measures.
Statistical Exploration of the Salar de Atacama’s: Brine Measurements of the Basin Wells
Authors: Castillo M. S. , Calderón F. A.
Published: September 2024

In this study, we conduct a statistical analysis using the 4-plot, visibility graph, and horizontal visibility graph methods on brine extraction data from the Salar de Atacama basin in Chile. The 4-plot reveals real trends in the data that could lead model proposals. Conversely, complex networks analysis yields no significant findings, suggesting that the data lacks internal structural features and appears random. This randomness underscores the decision-making processes and highlights areas for potential optimization.
Risk-averse multi-stage stochastic programming for real-time optimal market strategy of virtual power plant
Authors: Luo Zhe
Published: September 2024

This paper implements a multi-stage stochastic programming method for the operational cost reduction of the virtual power plant (VPP). Thinking over the uncertainty of future prices at the current time interval, nonanticipativity constraints are implemented to ensure that the VPP decision-making process remains a continuous sequence. Additionally, risk management plays a crucial role in formulating optimal market strategies for the VPP considering the risk-averse. In view of the Conditional-Value-at-Risk (CVaR), the original objective of the scheduling problem is revised to minimize a risk-related function associated with the VPP’s operational costs. This approach enables the risk-averse VPP to integrate a non-differentiable risk index and various operation constraints. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method effectively accounts for the influence of future uncertainties on market strategy and also explains the effects of risk aversion.
Research on reactive power voltage control strategy of distribution network based on information sharing technology
Authors: Ma Min , Gu Zeyu , Yao Zhigang , Yan Zhengjia , Ma Xiaoyun
Published: September 2024

In view of the fact that the traditional voltage control of the distribution network is suitable for local voltage control and affects the economy of the operation of the distribution network, a reactive power voltage control strategy of the distribution network based on information-sharing technology is proposed. First, the overall architecture of voltage control in the distribution network based on information-sharing technology is analyzed, and secondly, an algorithm based on the Jacobian sensitivity matrix is established with the minimum voltage RMS as the control goal. The model is solved, and finally, the effectiveness of the proposed voltage control strategy is verified by combining actual examples. The results show that the proposed voltage control strategy has a better voltage regulation effect and effectively reduces the overall voltage deviation of the distribution network.
Research on the application of single effect evaporation regenerative solar seawater desalination device
Authors: Yuan Jiapu , Wang Yajing
Published: September 2024

In remote islands and brackish water areas, seawater desalination devices are needed, but existing product technologies are relatively complex and inflexible to use. In this paper, a single-effect evaporation regenerative solar seawater desalination device is introduced. In this device, a solar collector composed of a straight-through-all glass vacuum tube is used for heat collection, while single-effect evaporation is used for seawater desalination. Moreover, the latent heat generated during condensation is used to increase the temperature of seawater, which increases the operation efficiency. This device has a simple structure, low cost, and is suitable for water desalination in remote islands and brackish water areas.
Life prediction method of battery energy storage system in frequency modulation application
Authors: Zhou Wenchao , Wang Wenjie
Published: September 2024

To tackle the challenge of lifespan reduction in lithium batteries during frequency modulation, this study introduces a novel Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction methodology. The proposed approach integrates Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, thereby efficiently synthesizing data from both operational parameters and capacity metrics. Firstly, VMD is utilized to decompose the initial capacity data of lithium batteries into separate components characterized by high and low frequencies. Subsequently, for the high-frequency elements, GRU is employed for rolling iterative prediction, while for the low-frequency elements, features are extracted from the operational data and inputted into GRU for prediction. Finally, the component prediction results are restored to obtain capacity prediction values. Validation conducted using the NASA dataset shows that the root mean square error of capacity prediction is minimized to 0.0122, with a corresponding minimum average absolute error of 0.0096, and RUL prediction errors are generally within 2 cycles.
Simulation analysis of low-temperature heat generation of power batteries based on the ECM model
Authors: Gong Ji , Liang Wei , Huang Fuyun , Fan Yi , He Libao
Published: September 2024

When the power battery operates in low temperatures, it encounters challenges with charging and discharging, leading to a decline in battery performance, which can prevent electric vehicles from starting and reduce their driving range. To address this, the battery must possess the capability to adapt to both extremely high and low temperatures. This article employs ANSYS software to investigate the heat generation in batteries due to their own charging and discharging processes at different discharge rates under -20°C. When the battery is heated at a 1 C discharge rate for 20 minutes, its temperature rises by approximately 1.1°C; at 2 C, the temperature rises by about 5°C; and at 3 C, it rises by about 11°C. The greater the discharge rate is, the more heat is generated, resulting in a higher temperature rise. Furthermore, prolonged heating at a certain discharge rate can elevate the temperature to a level that is optimal for lithium-iron-phosphate batteries, ultimately reaching their optimal operating range. This research contributes to enabling lithium-ion power batteries to function normally in low-temperature environments, without compromising their lifespan. It is imperative to heat the interior of lithium-ion power batteries to ensure they can start normally after prolonged overnight parking, through preheating.
Pneumatic Piston Control Optimization
Authors: Szakács Tamás , Khalifa Naim
Published: September 2024

Piston control can be applied to regulate position, speed, acceleration, and force. The primary distinction between pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders lies in the working fluid: hydraulic systems utilize practically incompressible fluid, whereas pneumatic systems use compressible gas. Consequently, hydraulic cylinders offer more precise control over position and speed. In contrast, pneumatic cylinders are more influenced by external loads. However, pneumatic systems are simpler, more cost-effective than hydraulic systems, and more commonly used in laboratories, workshops, and production lines. They are typically employed for end-to-end motions [1] without requiring precise position control within the stroke. If a method to control pneumatic cylinders for intermediate positions within the stroke were developed, their application could be significantly expanded. In the paper titled “Pneumatic Piston Control Modelling and Optimization,” a method for controlling pneumatic pistons for industrial applications is presented [2]. Since then, the initial modelling has been further developed through practical experiments and fine-tuning. This paper summarizes the modelling efforts and introduces the experimental results.
Experimental investigations of the wear behaviour of railway brake block raw materials
Authors: Felhő Csaba , Hegedűs György , Kuzsella László , Voith Katalin , Drees Dirk
Published: September 2024

Passenger and freight transport by rail is gaining ground not only in Europe, but in many countries around the world. At the same time, due to the increased traffic, the need to investigate the effects of rail transport on the environment and to reduce the harmful effects is also increasing. One of the recurring problems is the reduction of the noise that occurs during the braking of railway cars, as well as the mitigation of particles released during braking and, as a result, the reduction of their health-damaging effects. In more and more European countries, the so-called Noise Differentiated Track Access Charges (NDTAC) is being introduced, where the cost depends on the amount of noise emitted during braking. For this reason, the examination of the friction conditions of the materials used in railway brakes and the finding of materials with the most favourable properties is a priority area of research. In this paper, the initial investigations of a recently started research project on the subject are presented, the aim of which is to develop and test new layered composite materials that may be used in the future to produce railway brake blocks. The paper presents the main objectives of the project, the principles, and tools of the friction tests to be applied, as well as the test measurements carried out, during which the friction characteristics of copper alloy and aluminium control materials along with the currently used cast iron and composite brake blocks were examined.
Determination of the load capacity of aluminium structural profiles by calculation and measurement
Authors: Besenyei István , Bihari Zoltán , Mikó Tamás
Published: September 2024

Aluminium profilés for méchanical énginééring aré oné of thé most popular construction éléménts in thé fiéld of méchanical énginééring today. Thanks to théir vérsatilé appéarancé and éasy installation, théy aré thé préférréd choicé for many industrial applications. Théy aré mainly uséd as building éléménts for various framé structurés and framés. For thésé applications, it would bé good to know thé actual load capacity of thé profilés
Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon: demonstration in a single-phase liquid-only time projection chamber
Authors: Tönnies Florian , Brown Adam , Kiyim Baris , Kuger Fabian , Lindemann Sebastian , Meinhardt Patrick , Schumann Marc , Stevens Andrew
Published: September 2024

The largest direct dark matter search experiments to date employ dual-phase time projection chambers (TPCs) with liquid noble gas targets. These detect both the primary photons generated by particle interactions in the liquid target, as well as proportional secondary scintillation light created by the ionization electrons in a strong electric field in the gas phase between the liquid-gas interface and the anode.
In this work, we describe the detection of charge signals in a small-scale single-phase liquid-xenon-only TPC, that features the well-established TPC geometry with light readout above and below a cylindrical target. In the single-phase TPC, the proportional scintillation light (S2) is generated in liquid xenon in close proximity to 10 μm diameter anode wires.
The detector was characterized and the proportional scintillation process was studied using the 32.1 keV and 9.4 keV signals from 83mKr decays.
A charge gain factor g
2 of up to (1.9 ± 0.3) PE/electron was reached at an anode voltage 4.4 kV higher than the gate electrode 5 mm below it, corresponding to (29 ± 6) photons emitted per ionization electron.
The duration of S2 signals is dominated by electron diffusion and approaches the xenon de-excitation timescale for very short electron drift times.
The electron drift velocity and the longitudinal diffusion constant were measured at a drift field of 470 V/cm. The results agree with the literature and demonstrate that a single-phase TPC can be operated successfully.
Compound extreme climate events intensify yield anomalies of winter wheat in France
Authors: Shan Baoying , De Baets Bernard , Verhoest Niko E C
Published: September 2024

Compound extreme climate events (ECEs) are increasingly recognized for their potential to exacerbate food insecurity risks beyond those posed by isolated events. The notion of ‘compound event’ encompasses not only co-occurring ECEs but also multiple ECEs across (different) growth stages (mECEs). The additional effects of these mECEs on crop yield, particularly considering various types of ECEs and regional scales, remain poorly understood. To close this knowledge gap, we consider droughts, pluvials, heatwaves, and coldwaves, and further identify which types of compound events have additional effects on winter wheat yield in France, using statistical methods and datasets encompassing 94 counties over a 68-year period. Our results indicate co-occurring drought heatwaves in summer and spring, along with co-occurring pluvial heatwaves and pluvial coldwaves in winter, have negative additional effects on yield compared with single ECEs. We further identify the types of mECEs that have intensified effects, with the majority showing negative effects on yield. Key interactions leading to intensified yield loss include droughts in winter or spring combined with summer co-occurring drought heatwaves, pluvials across multiple growth stages, pluvials combined with coldwaves, and the transition between droughts and pluvials, with the most severe anomaly attaining −17.2%. Coldwaves are the main ECE related to intensified yield increases, while their frequency is decreasing. Overall, this study stresses the interactions among ECEs on crop yield, and the identified types of mECEs could serve as foundational information for designing control experiments and improving process-based crop models.
Script
Authors: Watt Gary
Published: September 2024

This chapter argues that legal language appealed to Shakespeare not only because it spoke to playgoers’ quotidian experiences of law, but also because it is resonant with performative power. Dramatists are conjurors of deep magic, and no words reach deeper to the roots of human culture than religious incantation and the cant of law. Attending to legal speech acts in Shakespeare’s works, and subliminal sound effects in legal speech and Shakespeare’s poetic language, this chapter argues that a binding magic attends lawyers’ language in the performative moment of a legal transaction, and that playwrights co-opt this through their use of legal terminology. It is an indication of the spell-like power of legal spiel that the word ‘conjure’ (meaning ‘to pronounce a ritual formula’) applies equally to describe a necromancer’s magic and the binding power of juristic speech by which, for example, a jury is solemnly sworn in.
The Rights-Structure Debate
Authors: Stephanopoulos Nicholas O
Published: September 2024

How should courts decide electoral cases? Most judges and some scholars advocate balancing burdens on individual rights against countervailing state interests. However, most contemporary election law academics object to balancing on the ground that it neglects the system-wide democratic values that are furthered, or frustrated, by electoral regulations. Among these values, competition and participation are the favorites of the structuralists. Courts should directly examine whether policies serve or set back competition or participation, according to this group of scholars. This chapter identifies several concerns about this rights-structure debate. It’s dated, having barely budged since roughly 2010. It’s juriscentric, paying little heed to the role of nonjudicial institutions in our political system. And most relevant here, both the balancers and the structuralists are blind to the democratic value of alignment. Because it infringes no rights, misalignment can’t set into motion the machinery of rights-interests balancing. Alignment also isn’t tantamount to any of the goods prized by the structuralists: not competition, or participation, or any of their supposed by-products.
Voting
Authors: Stephanopoulos Nicholas O
Published: September 2024

This chapter applies the alignment framework to regulations of voting. As befits an overarching election law value, alignment is well suited to analyzing voting regulations. Other principles may also be relevant, like the notion of equal treatment of all citizens, but there’s no need to choose a single victor among these ideas. In the voting context, the trickiest issue about alignment is which benchmark to use to measure congruence with popular preferences. Actual voters’ views are an uninteresting baseline here, but the views of the population directly acted on by a voting rule are a more promising reference point. In most cases, this population is comprised of eligible voters, though all people are directly acted on by voting qualifications. On the merits, maybe surprisingly, few modern voting policies significantly affect alignment. The disenfranchisement of ex-felons, automatic voter registration, early and absentee voting, photo ID requirements for voting—none of these controversial laws moves the alignment needle much. Historically, however, the Jim Crow voting restrictions and the introduction of voter registration were highly misaligning. Even today, the effective elimination of voter registration, the use of off-cycle elections, and the manipulation of voting sites’ locations considerably influence alignment. So there remain some voting measures as to which alignment would be a potent sword or shield.
The Anti-Alignment Court
Authors: Stephanopoulos Nicholas O
Published: September 2024

This chapter argues that, regrettably, the Roberts Court has systemically undermined alignment in its election law jurisprudence. To taxonomize this Court’s election law decisions, a two-by-two matrix is employed. One dimension indicates whether a ruling is aligning (pro-alignment) or misaligning (anti-alignment). The other axis denotes whether a ruling upholds a challenged electoral practice (passive) or invalidates it (active). In this matrix, the passive anti-alignment quadrant is full of Roberts Court decisions: in particular, partisan gerrymandering cases like Common Cause v. Rucho and voting restriction cases like Crawford v. Marion County Election Board. The active anti-alignment quadrant also brims with this Court’s rulings. That’s now the location of Shelby County v. Holder discarding the core of the VRA and Citizens United v. FEC and many other cases nullifying campaign finance regulations. And it may soon be the site where the Court rejects new congressional electoral reforms and overturns state court rulings under the independent state legislature theory. In contrast, the two pro-alignment quadrants are much lonelier places. They include only a few race-and-redistricting decisions (mostly not, in fact, aligning) and a hodgepodge of rulings that certain aligning policies can stay in place (for now, though maybe not for good). This record is what earns the Roberts Court the sobriquet of the anti-alignment Court. For almost two decades, it has eroded this vital democratic value far more often than it has furthered it.
Introduction
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2024

This chapter introduces the main argument of the book, according to which firms “see” in a conservative way and embrace a “conservatism of commerce” that requires socioeconomic inequality. It describes the “political theory of the firm” as burgeoning field of study and identifies the questions it aims to address and the challenges it faces. Focusing on how Ronald Coase was talking about firms as “Islands of conscious power” into an ocean of unconscious coordination, it highlights one of the great paradoxes of the political theory of the firm: soon after they were “discovered,” Islands of conscious power surprisingly faded away, since they were erased by an army of economists and neglected by political philosophers. Finally, this chapter lays out the methodological approach adopted in this book.
The Political Theory of Corporations
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2024

This chapter aims to address the recent rise of the political theory of the firm and ask “What does it mean to see business firms as political things?” For this purpose, it identifies some theoretical avenues to investigate and clarify the very idea of “corporations as political actors.” It critically examines four political views of corporations and business institutions and the various theoretical insights possibly offered by these different views. It concludes by considering three challenges that need to be overcome by theorists interested in building a theory of the firm as a political actor. The central goal of this chapter is to show how a relational account of what it calls “conservatism of commerce” can provide a political theory of corporations in a strong sense.
Justice, Firms, and Markets
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2024

This chapter focuses on the strange and complex relationship between post-Rawlsian contemporary political philosophy and the business corporation. It has two broad aims. First, it provides both a diagnosis and a critique of the neglect of corporations by post-Rawlsian political philosophers. It identifies various plausible arguments (or post facto rationalizations) that post-Rawlsians might invoke to actually justify the putting aside of corporations and aims to show that they do not succeed. Such a critique should be read as a philosophical one and a historical one. It aims to highlight how spectacularly strange it is for such a dominant tradition to remain largely blind to what corporations are doing. Second, relying on the shortcomings of distributive conceptions of justice and equality, it lays out the grounds of a relational theory of justice and equality to think about economic institutions and practices.
Conclusion
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2024

This concluding chapter aims to lay out some of the main theoretical and political implications of the central argument articulated in this book. It argues that reconstructing the contours of a form of conservatism of commerce, by providing us a different “critical ontology of our present,” radically changes the practice of social critique. Relying on the recent scholarship on neoliberalism, this chapters lays out some of the advantages of thinking about it as form of conservatism of commerce. Finally, it lays out some of the challenges that proponents of equality are facing in their attempt to overcome the contemporary crisis of equality and to build the contours of a new democratic aesthetics.
Foundations of Social Understanding
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter III explains the foundations of society generally, and constitutional authority and social order in particular. Adam Smith and Giambattista Vico are invoked to explain the core and character of social relations, and hence society. Vico’s views are examined: the foundations of society; the natural law of people. Concepts of civility and humanity are explained, and how they lead to social institutions. Constitutional authority and the need for the state follows as part of the human and social endeavour. Vico’s account provides a scientific understanding of society, from which the science of constitutions, based on several patterns of opinion, follows.
Constitutional Field
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter V imagines constitutional order as a field of action. Field explained how people confront officials in the field—nature of social relations within the field between people and officials. The structure of the field is described, the main features identified, and the many sites of authority marked. The need to structure relations between people and officials is explained, the different modes identified, the issues confronted, the different modes of interaction identified and how each site provides a dimension of well-being. The need for mutual restraint is made plain; the danger of appetite is shown. Several ways of structuring the field—forms of constitutional authority—are outlined for further analysis in later chapters.
The Sovereignty Deficit
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter VI focuses on the concept of sovereignty within constitutional discourse, the function in the constitutional order explained. The legal, constitutional, and political dimensions of sovereignty are analysed, noting the diverse ways constitutions acknowledge the people as sovereign or sources of authority. A complex and varied picture of sovereignty emerges in constitutional texts, those of a broadly democratic nature. Why sovereignty of the people is of limited use in interpreting and explaining the constitutions of democratic nations, the gap between the ideal of popular sovereignty and the practical realization in constitutional governance—the ‘sovereignty deficit’.
Upper Register of Constitutional Discourse
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter VII explains the upper register of constitutional discourse, the ideas, language, and concepts. History is drawn on to show the imagery and application in practice of the upper register. The lingering influence of past discourses on contemporary constitutional texts and practices. The main image is that of the body politic, drawing parallels between the functioning of a healthy body and a well-ordered society. The sense of common good inherent in the body politic. The place of the people as the feet, their duty to obey without question. Signs of change from being the feet to having a place in the constitutional order. The sense of constitutional authority implicit in the upper register, the imagery in support, the vulnerabilities explained.
Consensus and Consent
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter VIII examines the concept of consent in justifying constitutional authority and its elusive nature in practical governance. The chapter distinguishes between the notions of ‘consensus’ and ‘consent’, one a positive act of consent, the other a sentiment and disposition of consensus. Consensus is passive in tone, suggesting shared sentiments; consent involves a more active, positive agreement. The utility of the distinction is shown in understanding constitutional authority. However, the general concept of consent has been used and manipulated, historically, to justify the distribution of power between people and officials. Function of consensus explained as a critical feature of relations between people and officials.
Lower Register of Constitutional Discourse
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter IX concerns the lower register of discourse, often unnoticed but a critical feature of the constitutional field. The lower register emerges within social relations among the people. The chapter shows the people’s dual role as supporters of constitution, yet retaining a critical, independent view of authority. The discourse of rebellion illustrates how grievances and injustice can prompt resistance to constitutional authority and prompt a reassessment of social relations and constitutional principles. Rebellion by sectors of the people is justified by reference to the ideas, language, and concepts of the lower register. The chapter displays and explains relations between the two registers, and how from potential conflict cooperation is achieved. Ideas of civic and juridical equality are introduced and the place of justice analysed.
Princely Rule: I
Authors: Galligan D J
Published: September 2024

Chapter X develops a model of princely rule as a form of constitutional authority. The features of the model, and the justification, are explained. The idea of strong rule, the appeal, and the social advantages are examined. The reign of King Henry VII is used as a case study of princely rule. The model includes aspects such as the prince’s plenary power, the purpose of rule for the common good, and the structured relationship between the prince and the people. The prince is portrayed as a ruler whose power is strong yet bounded, and whose relationship with the people is structured by mutual rights and duties, law, and convention. The prince is expected to cultivate virtue and personal qualities for effective rule. The ideas are examined critically.
The Black in Marine Science Blueprint
Authors: Moore Tiara , Adams Lynnette , Gaynus Camille , Bebe Germain , Simpson Queriah , Layton Janelle , Barkley Symone , Wimbush Ralinda , Atkins Jasmine
Published: September 2024

Synopsis

Marine science is widely recognized as one of the least diverse fields within geoscience. Despite substantial investments in diversity initiatives and resources aimed at engaging underserved communities, the representation and recognition of Black individuals in marine science remain limited. This lack of representation highlights a broader issue: a shortage of professionals who are attuned to the pressing issues within Black communities. Black In Marine Science (BIMS) is making waves by tackling systemic and cultural issues that have historically excluded Black talent from marine science, and this article outlines actionable solutions we have developed to drive meaningful change. BIMS has created a blueprint that can help others increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in scientific spaces with the goal of ocean justice for all. Further than what BIMS has done inside the organization, joy-centered partnerships and direct membership feedback have led to the development of this entire journal issue. Dedicated to highlighting the scientific achievements of BIMS scholars, the BIMS Issue is a manifestation of the outcomes achieved once the BIMS Blueprint is successfully implemented.
In ovo feeding of l-arginine and selenium nanoparticles influences post-hatch growth, muscle development, antioxidant status, and meat quality in slow-growing chickens
Authors: Kaewsatuan Pramin , Morawong Thanidtha , Lu Panpan , Kamkaew Anyanee , Molee Amonrat , Molee Wittawat
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of l-arginine (L-Arg), selenium nanoparticles (SeNP), and a combination of L-Arg and SeNP on the hatchability, post-hatch growth, muscle development, antioxidant status, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. On day 18 of incubation, a total of 960 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 60 eggs each: (1) non-injected control group (Control), (2) injected with 1% of L-Arg (IOF_L-Arg), (3) injected with 0.3 µg/egg of SeNP (IOF_SeNP), and (4), injected with 1% of L-Arg and 0.3 µg/egg of SeNP (IOF_L-Arg + SeNP). A completely randomized design was used. After hatching, 640 mixed-sex chicks were allocated to 4 treatment groups and split into 4 replicate pens (40 birds per pen). All groups of chicks were fed with commercial feed ad libitum until they reached 63 d of age and were subsequently weighed and slaughtered. The results of the present study showed that hatchability was similar among treatments. Final BW or breast muscle yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by IOF treatment. Chickens treated with IOF_L-Arg + SeNP exhibited decreased feed conversion ratio, drip loss, and increased protein content in breast meat (P < 0.05). The IOF_L-Arg + SeNP group exhibited a higher density of breast muscle fibers than the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, in ovo feeding of L-Arg combined with SeNP resulted in improved feed efficiency and enhanced antioxidant capacity at hatch without any adverse effects on chicken hatchability, health, or subsequent growth. Furthermore, meat from chickens in the IOF_L-Arg + SeNP group exhibited a preferable texture with a higher protein content.
Chlorantraniliprole resistance associated with diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) outbreaks in Arizona Brassica crops
Authors: Calvin Wilfrid , Palumbo John C
Published: September 2024

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), is one of the most important insect pests of Brassica crops worldwide. In October 2016, outbreaks of an invasive P. xylostella population and unexpected control failures occurred on broccoli and cauliflower crops throughout all vegetable-growing regions in Arizona. Nineteen populations of Plutella xylostella were collected from 2016 to 2021 from various commercial cauliflower fields in Yuma and Scottsdale, Arizona, and from experimental broccoli plots at the University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center (UAYAC), Yuma, Arizona. Populations collected from the commercial cauliflower fields had been transplanted with seedlings produced in a local Yuma nursery in 2016 and Salinas, CA in 2017 to 2018, whereas experimental broccoli plots were direct seeded. These populations were evaluated for their susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole. In this study, field rate laboratory bioassays, serial dilution laboratory bioassays, and field efficacy spray experiments were performed. The field rate laboratory bioassay results showed that spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole remained effective at controlling P. xylostella, but chlorantraniliprole did not control P. xylostella at the field rate. Additionally, serial dilution bioassays confirmed significant levels of cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole resistance in the P. xylostella populations collected from transplanted cauliflower fields. However, the results of the multiyear/growing-seasons study monitoring the susceptibility of P. xylostella populations collected from direct-seeded broccoli and field efficacy trials conducted at the UAYAC indicated that the resistance to diamide insecticides was neither uniform nor persistent following the 2016 outbreak. Nevertheless, the risk for P. xylostella resistance in Arizona vegetable-growing regions exists, particularly in Brassica transplants. Therefore, we recommend that Arizona Brassica growers remain vigilant and practice rigorous insecticide resistance management to offset the development of resistance.
What The Papers Say
Authors: Bajwa Ali
Published: September 2024

The Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery (JHPS) is not the only place where work in the field of hip preservation can be published. Although our aim is to offer the best of the best, we are continually fascinated by work, which finds its way into journals other than our own. There is much to learn from it, and so JHPS has selected six recent and topical subjects for those who seek a summary of what is taking place in our ever-fascinating world of hip preservation. What you see here are the mildly edited abstracts of the original articles, to give them what JHPS hopes is a more readable feel. If you are pushed for time, what follows should take you no more than 10 min to read. So here goes…