bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of using of tiotropium bromide (Spiriva® Respimat®) as adjunctive therapy in patients with asthma in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kolbin A S , Galankin T L , Proskurin M A , Balykina Y E
Published: July 2021

For the first time in Russian economic conditions clinical and economic evaluation of the appropriateness of tiotropium bromide as adjunctive therapy (in addition to the standard therapy) was carried out in patients with severe asthma. Markov model was built using direct and indirect costs, data efficiency and effectiveness; research horizon was 1 year. An additional model was comparing tiotropium bromide (plus standard therapy) and omalizumab (plus standard therapy) with standard therapy. Sensitivity analysis and the budget impact analysis were done. The modeling showed that the use of the strategy of «tiotropium plus standard therapy» increased the likelihood of patients to remain in a state of controlled asthma compared to other strategies. The strategy «tiotropium plus standard therapy» reduced the likelihood of a severe exacerbation compared with standard therapy. Thus, taking into account high frequency of hospitalization of patients with asthma in Russia that was shown in pharmacoepidemiological studies, the use of tiotropium is absolutely appropriate medical technology from the standpoint of clinical and economic analysis. The strategy of using tiotropium is the most preferred strategy in terms of the budget impact analysis when compared with the strategy of omalizumab: the use of tiotropium strategy allows to save substantial budget funds that can be further used to treat a considerable number of patients.
Opportunities for primary prevention of allergy in infants due to the introduction of hypoallergenic complementary feeding products
Authors: Borovik T E , Zvonkova N G , Lukoyanova O L , Bushueva T V , Stepanova T N , Skvortsova V A , Zaharova I N , Semenova N N , Kutafina E K , Semikina E L , Kopyl’tsova E A , Gemdzhian E G
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate the tolerability of the industrial complementary feeding products (grain, fruit and vegetables, meat-based) in healthy children and children at high risk of allergies developing. Methods. The study included 90 children aged 4-6 months with breastfeeding, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were healthy or had a high risk for development of allergic disease. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetables, meat and fruits) were administered based on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products, dynamics of weight and height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the specific IgE (sIgE) to the proteins of cow’s and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0-135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all studied complementary foods. Conclusion. The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including children with a high risk for development of allergic disease. This allows us to describe the industrial complementary feeding products as hypoallergenic.
ALLERGY TODAY. ANALYSIS OF NEW EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: KOZULINA I E , KURBACHEVA O M , ILINA N I
Published: July 2021

The fact that the prevalence of allergy in the world is growing steadily has been known for a long time. this explains the need for regular screening of epidemiological studies. Qualitative diagnostics allows to identify the disease in its early stage. the timely selection of pharmaco- and pathogenetic therapy significantly reduces the risk of exacerbations of the disease and allergy debut. education and availability of skilled medical care largely enhances the level of diagnostics and treatment of allergic diseases.
Allergic reactivity - evolutionary attainments by highly organized animals
Authors: Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

The paper has given an insight of allergy as evolutionary selected reactivity for highly organized animals. This reactivity is directed to organization of allergen-specific inflammation and serves as biologically expedient, high-specific and high-sensitive reaction in response to allergen entering into the organism because of barrier tissue dysfunction (higher allergen permeability). such insight has raised a question on consequences of allergy reactivity elimination for highly organized animals and their posterity.
The influence of subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with birch extract absorbed onto calcium phosphate on quality of life of children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: 2-years follow-up results
Authors: Shakhova N V , Lobanov U F , Gordeev V V , Tokarev V P , Surkova M V
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of subcutaneous allergenspecific immunotherapy with birch extract absorbed onto calcium phosphate on quality of life of children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis Methods. 50 patients at the age from 5 to17 years old with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to trees pollen (birch, alder, hazel) were observed. All the patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 23 children, who were treated with birch extract («Phostal») subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (SCIT). The second group was a control group, consisted of 27 children, no treatment was assigned to them. Results. Statistically significant increase of all quality of life indexes in the group which was treated with SCIT using «Phostal» was observed. Statistically valid decrease of severity of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in the 1 group was shown (6,1±3,1; 11,8±4,5; p=0,00002). Total number of Phostal injections was 990, 227 (23%) local reactions and no one systemic reaction have been observed during the study. Conclusion. SCIT with birch extract absorbed onto calcium phosphate could be considered as a highly effective and safe method of treatment of pollinosis in children.
TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: FROM MECHANISMS TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

The article presents the current understanding of the genomic and nongenomic mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids, outlined data which cast doubt on the assertion of the positive role of nongenomic effects of this group of drugs for the treatment of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, and the necessity of further experimental and clinical studies of corticosteroids with regard to the mechanisms of their action. Reasoned application of topical corticosteroids that have proven a high index of efficacy/safety with a wide range of dosage forms, which allows to optimize therapy for a particular patient.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF A POLY-FUNCTIONAL ANTIALLERGIC DRUG - RUPATADINE
Authors: Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

Rupatadine is a new poly-functional agent (selective histamine H 1-receptor and PAF-receptor antagonist with additional anti-inflammatory potency) for the management of patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It has a rapid onset of action, and its long-lasting effect permits once-daily dosing. It has been shown that rupatadine is effective, well-tolerated and safe in relieving symptoms in patients with seasonal and perennial/ intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.
Epidermal barrier disfunction correction in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Shvets S M , Elisyutina O G
Published: July 2021

In the article data about epidermal barrier disfunction in atopic dermatitis patients and modern approaches to their correction with use of modern skin-care products are submitted.
DIET THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGY
Authors: Varlamov E E , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Experience of amino acid formulas application in eldest children is limited. Background. To estimate efficiency of amino acid formula at children at the age from 1 till 10 years with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods. 9 AD children with multiple food allergy were included in the study. All patients took amino acid formula «Neocate Advance». The efficiency of diet therapy was estimated with index SCORAD. Results. The average value of index SCORAD decreased AFTER 1 week therapy, Me — 48,5 [44,5; 52,5] to Me — 18,8 [18; 37,5] a point (p=0,008), after 2 weeks — Me — 12,6 [7,8; 13,5] a point (p=0,008). Conclusion. Medical amino acid formula «Neocate Advance» is an effective diet therapy of AD children with multiple food allergy.
Clinical and immunological characteristics ofpatients with polyvalent food allergy in reasoning of clinical prescribing of amino acid formula
Authors: Varlamov E E , Okuneva T S , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Methods: 117 infants with atopic dermatitis and food allergy were enrolled. The analysis of clinical and immunological characteristics of the infants with multiple food intolerance was performed. Results: asthma, high levels of specific IgE to cow milk, egg, beef, pork, sensitization to allergens of cereals, fruits and vegetables were characterized for infants with multiple food intolerance. Conclusion: infants with multiple food intolerance possess defined clinical and immunological characteristics which can form the basis for prescribing of amino acid formula.
DEVELOPMENT OF ASIT METHOD DURING THE 1920-60S -BEFORE IGE DISCOVERY
Authors: Vorob'eva Ol'ga Vadimovna , S Gushchin I , Vorobyeva O V , Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

We conducted a historical analysis of the successive development and improvement of theory, methodology and application of ASIT method in 1920-60s- the period prior to fundamental discoveries in allergology and immunology.
THE GENETIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HAE, NEWPOSSIBILITIES OF THE DISEASE EXACERBATIONS TREATMENT
Authors: Latysheva Tat'yana Vasil'evna , Polyakov A V , Dmitrieva A V , Medunitsyna E N , Latysheva T V , Polyakov A V , Dmitrieva A V , Medunitsyna E N
Published: July 2021

Continued study of genetic and clinical aspects of hereditary angioedema (HAE) types I and II, which belongs
to the group of primary (genetically determined) immunodeficiencies and is connected with the qualitative or
quantitative genetically determined defect of C1 Inhibitor. HAE is an «orphan» disease and requires the establishment
of a Government strategy for patients with this rare diagnosis. To improve the quality of HAE diagnostics,
the Institute of Immunology jointly with Medical Genetics Centre started the work in order to develop and
introduce the methods of genetic screening of patients with recurrent angioedema into the national practice.
In the world as well as in Russian medical practice a new generation of medicines for the treatment of HAE attacks
has been appeared. Integrated assessment of the problems of diagnostics and treatment of HAE and their
consistent solution will significantly improve the quality of life of HAE patients.
CFTR gene mutations in children with severe asthma
Authors: Tikhonova V S , Voytovich A N , Kamaev A V , Ivashchenko T E , Orlov A V , Zhelenina L A , Korostovtsev D S , Larionova V I , Tikhonova V S , Voitovich A N , Kamaev A V , Ivaschenko T E , Orlov A V , Zhelenina L A , Korostovsev D S , Larionova V I
Published: July 2021

Background. To detect sixteen cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations most common
to Russian populations in children with severe asthma (SA).
Patients and Methods. S A group included 59 children aged 4-17 years old (43 boys and 16 girls). Cystic fibrosis (CF) group
included 27 children aged 5-17 years old with a primary diagnosis of CF (15 boys and 12 girls). We used two kits developed
by Center for M olecular Genetics (Moscow): «CF-5» kit (G542X, W1282X, N1303K, 3849+10kbC>T, R334W) and «CF-11»
kit (del21 kb, F508del, I 507del, 1677delTA, 2143delT, 2184insA, 394delTT, 3821delT, L138ins, 604insA, 3944delTG).
Results. I n the group of children with CF, the frequency a major mutation F508del was 85% (41% with genotype F508del/
F508del, 29% with genotype F508del/nomal and 15% with compound genotype F508del/others). I n 15% of the cases, there
were identified some other mutations of the CFTR gene: N1303K, 394delTT, 2143delT, CFTRdele2, 3 (21kb). The rest 7% of
the cases were not clarified. We have found neither «mild» nor «severe» the mutations of CFTR gene in the S A group.
Conclusion. This study failed to show an association of mutations of CFTR gene with severe asthma in children.
Experienceof subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with «Phostal» in children.
Authors: Shakhova Natal'ya Viktorovna , Gordeev V V , Tokarev V P , Borisenko T Yu , Kharchenko S S , Kurenkova E N , Shakhova N V , Gordeev V V , Tokarev V P , Borisenko T Y , Kharchenko S S , Kurenkova E N
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of the work is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the subcutaneous allergenspecific
immunotherapy (scIT ) using F ostal at pollinosis children.
Methods. 31 patient (19 boys and 12 girls) at the age from 5 to 16 with pollinosis with sensibilization to tree pollen
(birch, alder, hazel) allergens were observed. A ll patients were divided into 2 groups. T he first group consisted
of 11 children, which were treated with F ostal. T he second group was a control group, consisted of 20 children,
no treatment was assigned to them. A ll patients from both groups got the basis pollinosis therapy. Efficiency of
the scIT using F ostal was estimated in terms of its influence on the childrens quality of life, clinical symptoms
and drug load.
Results. Good results demonstrated in terms of increased quality of life indexes were achieved after the initial
stage of the scIT using F ostal. C ompared to the control group, the amount of needed drugs was significantly
decreased, and the decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms of rhinitis (p=0,001) and conjunctivitis (p=0,002)
was observed.
During the scIT with the F ostal trees pollen some negligible local reactions were observed in all cases, in 7 of 11
patients marked local reactions appeared. O n the initial stage of the therapy no systemic allergic reaction was
observed.
Conclusion. On the basis of the results of the study, F ostal could be considered as a highly effective and safe
for treatment of pollinosis children. S cIT with the F ostal leads to the improvement of childrens quality of life,
decreasing of clinical symptoms severity as well as drug load.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FILAGGRIN IN DEVELOPMENT OF ATOPICDERMATITIS
Authors: Varlamov E E , Pampura A N , Varlamov E E , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

In presented article modern data about relationship of filaggrin mutation with development and clinic
manifestation of atopic dermatitis are summarized.
Treatment of urticaria: today and tomorrow
Authors: Borzova Elena Yu , Grattan Clive EH
Published: July 2021

Urticaria is a common disorder with diverse clinical presentations. Correct recognition of the different clinical patterns helps clinical assessment and treatment. The management of urticaria involves recognition of relevant disease associations, treatment of any identifiable external causes including infection, avoidance of drug, food and physical triggers and the appropriate use of pharmacological therapies. These can be divided into first, second and third-line approaches. The choice of treatment will be influenced by many factors including drug-licensing, safety, pattern of disease, its severity, pharmaco-economic considerations and patient preference. Possible new therapeutic approaches on the horizon include new H1 antihistamines, H4 receptor antagonists, a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor under development and biological agents that target histamine-releasing autoantibody production and function.
Reasons and mechanisms of organ remodeling in kidney, cardiovascular diseases and bronchialasthma
Authors: Pytsky V I
Published: July 2021

Organ and system remodeling is a very common process and is observed in some kidney, cardiovascular, GI, liver diseases and bronchial asthma. Main mechanism is tissue fibrosis in organs with excessive function.
Criteria for selection to anesthesia residency programs: a survey of Canadian anesthesia program directors
Authors: Niburski Kacper , Buu Natalie
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Applicants to specialty programs lack guidance on knowing what exactly is desired by selection committees and program directors. Anesthesia is especially opaque, given its failure to provide transparency reports nationally. This study was developed to survey Canadian anesthesia program directors about the aspects of the application package desired in an anesthesia applicant. The primary objective is to identify the preferred attributes of anesthesia applications by those mandating the selection committees.

Methods: Survey was developed via Google Surveys, and sent online over a period of two months in June and July 2020. All program directors were sent requests for filling in the survey. STATA was used for all statistical analyses. Two analyses, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests, were performed for comparison groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Fourteen of seventeen (83%) Canadian anesthesia program directors completed the survey. Having done an anesthesia elective, good performance in it, and excellence of preclinical academic performance were considered among the most important aspects of the application package with the highest ranking important and smallest standard deviation. Any form of red flag was also considered an important criterion, again with little variation among program directors. The reference letters selected by the applicants were also important, with a personal relationship and well written reference being identified as most important (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: An applicant who has good academic performance, having anesthesia elective experience, personal, well-written reference letters, and general activity and interests that are not necessarily anesthesia-focused would be favoured by Canadian anesthesia programs.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher, Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia, KORCHAK E. A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze the structure of the economic space of the Russian Arctic within the framework of determining the prospects for the economic development of the Arctic regions. The unevenness of the economic space of the Russian Arctic and the focus on the extraction and export of natural resources are determined. It is revealed that vertically integrated structures play a key role in the Russian Arctic. It is determined that the specific feature of this region is the ethnoeconomics, the long-term development of which is the dominant direction of the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Russian Arctic.
MARKETING STRATEGIES AND TOOLS FOR ENTERING THE CHINESE MARKET
Authors:   Student, Faculty of International Economic Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, PATOKINA E. L.
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the features of the application of marketing strategies in the market of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese market is significantly different from the European, American and Russian ones, moreover, this consumer segment is least disclosed in the works of Russian authors. Despite the fact that the great Chinese firewall system imposes some restrictions on the dissemination of foreign information within China and thus restricts access to this market, there are ways and methods available to Russian businesses. Some of them are described in this article and represent a full-fledged system consisting of both trading platforms and marketing tools. The scope of application of the research results is the foreign trade of Russian small and medium-sized businesses in the Asia-Pacific region.
Pervasive developmental disorders with a complex structure (epileptic seizures, catatonic, hallucinatory and manic symptoms, delirious episodes during life).
Authors: Martsenkovskyi Igor , Martsenkovska Inna , Zdoryk Iryna , Makarenko Hanna , Skrynnyk Olga
Published: July 2021

Observation of two patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (22q13.3 microdeletions of the SHANK3 gene) within 10—12 years allowed us to describe the clinical pathomorphism of psychotic episodes with violation of consciousness and catatonic symptoms in adolescence with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The described phenotypes were characterized by intellectual disability, general speech underdevelopment, muscle hypotonia and developmental dyspraxia. Their causal relationships with epileptic encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar and hyperkinetic disorders have been analyzed. The therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy with aripiprazole and benzodiazepines (clonazepam/diazepam) allowed qualifying psychotic episodes as pediatric delirium. The significant clinical efficacy of lithium and lamotrigine in the described patients was consistent with the hypothesis that microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene may be associated with bipolar disorder. Treatment of acute psychotic disorders with lithium salt was effective in both patients but had limitations due to poor tolerance in the long-term use. The combination of lithium and lamotrigine may be recommended for the treatment of polymorbid mental disorders in patients with SHANK3 encephalopathies. If lithium salts are poorly tolerated, a combination of lamotrigine and aripiprazole may be used.
Pelatihan Menulis Karya Ilmiah Bagi Guru-guru SDN Karyamakmur II dan SDN Segarjaya 1 Kecamatan Batujaya Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Nurhasanah Een , Maspuroh Uah
Published: July 2021

Menulis merupakan salah satu sarana guru untuk mengembangkan kemampuan profesionalnya. Guru dituntut untuk mengembangkan kemampuan keilmuan secara berkelanjutan. Untuk dapat menulis dengan baik guru harus banyak membaca dan mengikuti berbagai forum akademik maupun nonakademik sehingga kemampuan dan wawasannya terbuka. Sementara itu sebagai salah satu syarat bagi guru bila hendak naik pangkat menuju IVb harus mampu membuat karya ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan kepada para guru SD di lingkungan UPT Pengelolaan Pendidikan Dasar Kecamatan Batu Jaya Kabupaten Karawang. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan karya ilmiah menghasilkan 17 artikel ilmiah yang layak untuk diterbitkan yang ditulis oleh peserta pelatihan.
AUSÊNCIA DE GRAVIDADE E ESTADO DE IMPONDERABILIDADE: A CONCEPÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Cecconello Ricardo , Pavinato Vinícius , Giovannini Odilon
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo relata um estudo de cunho descritivo realizado com estudantes universitários do primeiro semestre acerca dos conceitos de ausência de gravidade e imponderabilidade. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram estudantes dos cursos das áreas de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias de uma universidade comunitária do município de Caxias do Sul, RS. Um questionário fechado foi aplicado aos estudantes para identificar seu entendimento acerca dos conceitos de imponderabilidade e de ausência de gravidade. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para auxiliar na elaboração das perguntas que compunham o questionário. Os resultados do questionário indicaram que mais da metade dos estudantes não distinguiu entre os conceitos de ausência de gravidade e imponderabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, enfatiza-se a recomendação para que professores, tanto de Ensino Médio quanto de Graduação, procurem material apropriado e utilizem estratégias adequadas para ensinar esses temas em suas aulas.
Kegiatan Jam’iyah Shalawat Solusi Pembentukan Akhlakul Karimah Remaja Di Jatirejo Diwek Jombang
Authors: Ali Mustofa  , Ika Khoirunni'mah
Published: July 2021

Abstract:Congregation of shalawat, the term itself only appeared around the mid 2000s and above. Previously, the public was more familiar with the terms diba'an, float and so on. The terms of prayer and prayer are very familiar to the people of Indonesia, especially Muslims. Formation of adolescent morality akhakul through activities jam'iyah shalawat Ds. Jatirejo Kec. Diwek Kab. Jombang, the efforts that can be made to establish morality are: Through the habituation process. Intercommunication with people who have noble character (noble character) who are in the environment around the residence and through the teaching process (spiritual splash). adolescents behave well as a polite example to older people and can sort out something good and something bad to do. Supporting factors faced by Jatirejo village adolescents in the efforts to establish the morality of adolescents through adolescent jam'iyah shalawat activities namely the existence of facilities that can support the activities, and most importantly the motivation or interest possessed by adolescents so that in the process of moral formation takes place and makes him moved to follow the activity. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the decline in motivation in participating in activities and alsoenvironmental factors due to unfavorable interactions
Role of C-reactive Protein, Total Leukocyte count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator in Maxillofacial Infections
Authors: Beena Sivakumar , Thomas Shaji , Bhargava Darpan , Dubey Suyash
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of C-reactive protein (CRP), Total Leukocyte Count(TLC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) levels as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in patientsdiagnosed with maxillofacial odontogenic infections.Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done among 30 patients with maxillofacial odontogenicinfections. Blood samples were collected at 3 intervals to detect the level of the study parameters followedby incision and drainage for all the patients under Local anesthesia.Results: The mean CRP, TLC and ESR levels gradually reduced on 5th post-operative day as compared today 1 and 3 suggestive of resolution of the infectious state.Conclusion: We conclude that CRP is required only in selective cases of maxillofacial infection wheremonitoring under intensive care will be required, else TLC alone is sufficient to indicate the presence ofinfection along with adequate medical and surgical care.
Operative versus Non-Operative Management of The Medial Malleolus in Bimalleolar and Trimalleolar Fractures – A Systematic Review
Authors:   Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, N19 5NF, United Kingdom, Ang Wan Wei , Jen Shanxi Alexandra ,   University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom, Lim Zhuo Zhi ,   University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom, Brodie Bellamy ,   North Middlesex Hospital, Sterling Way, London, N18 1QX, United Kingdom, Xian Nicole Quah Qin ,   Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom, Overton Alexander ,   Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, N19 5NF, United Kingdom, Charalambides Charalambos ,   Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, N19 5NF, United Kingdom
Published: July 2021

Purpose Ankle fractures are the fifth most common fracture worldwide. Some reviews have shown that non-operative management of isolated medial malleolar fractures has satisfactory outcomes, and more recent studies have suggested the same may apply in bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures (BTMF). Importantly, non-operative management has the added benefits of avoiding complications including wound infection, and protruding metalwork. This systematic review aims to compare operative and non-operative management of medial malleolar fractures in the context of BTMF. Methods A search syntax of MeSH terms was used to search ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed according to the MINORS criteria. Data extracted included patient demographics, operative techniques, functional outcome scores (EQ-5D, OMAS, MOXFQ, VAS, AOFAS return to work/sports) and complication rates Results A total of four studies were included: one randomised-controlled and three prospective study. Two of these directly compared operative and non-operative approaches, while the remaining two reported solely an operative cohort. Of 373 total fractures, 274 were managed operatively and 99 non-operatively. There was no significant difference across all functional scores between operative and non-operative approaches to medial malleolar fractures in the comparative studies. However, there was an association for higher rates of mal/non-union in the non-operative groups (10.5% vs 5.0%). Conclusion Although there is existing belief that operative approach to BTMF would lead to better outcomes, there is currently no evidence that shows operative is superior to non-operative management. Orthopaedic surgeons should consider the morbidity of post-operative complications when deciding the treatment for medial malleolar fractures in BTMF, particularly in the elderly. Further studies need to be performed on this topic before a definitive conclusion can be made.
Brief Glimpses of Beauty. Thinking about the History of Lithuanian Photography
Authors: Mazur Adam
Published: July 2021

The article proposes a critical rethinking of the multi-layered phenomenon of Lithuanian photography. From the beginning, in the 19th  century Lithuanian photography cherished an exceptional status within a cultural landscape, being considered a vehicle of lofty, patriotic emotions. The article is reassessing the social and cultural role of Lithuanian photo- graphers and is looking into a symptomatic lack of synchronicity with the medium’s grand narratives. The Lithuanian history of photography seems to be a consistent and exceptional narrative developed within a relative- ly small milieu of artists based in their homeland as well as Lithuanian émigrés. According to the author, indexical and documentary qualities of photography constitute the core of the phenomenon. The text is advocating inclusivity for non-Lithuanian authors, be it Polish Lithuanians, Russians, Jews, Germans, or Lithuanian Americans. Looking at photographs from the perspectives of literature (quoting Marcelijus Martinaitis and Tomas Venclova) and contemporary art (Jonas Mekas and Fluxus) may be also useful in reshaping and opening up the discourse of the discipline.
Santonian ammonites from the Kopingsberg-1
borehole, Sweden
Authors: Kennedy W.J. , Christen­sen W.K.
Published: July 2021

A 510 meter succession of siltstones and fine sandstones in the Kopingsberg-1 borehole, Sweden yielded a distinctive suite of Santonian ammonites; ammonites of this age are otherwise known in significant numbers in Scandinavia only on Bornholm. The assemblage is dominated by taxa best known from North Germany, and includes Hauericeras cf. pseudogardeni (Schluter, 1872), Scalarites sp., Baculites sp. group of capensis Woods, 1906, Baculites sp. 1, Boehmoceras krekeleri (Wegner, 1905), Boehmoceras arculus (Morton, 1834), and Scaphites kieslingswaldensis fischeri Riedel, 1931.
Correlation of marine and terrestrial Upper
Cretaceous sediments by their magnetic
susceptibility
Authors: Hansen H.J. , Gwozdz R. , Rasmussen L. , Stage M. , Quingsheng Liu , Benjamini C. , Gurion Ben , Walaszczyk I.
Published: July 2021

Plots of magnetic susceptibility versus depth of sediment samples from both marine and terrestrial series demonstrate that, within a specified time interval constrained by magneto- and biostratigraphy, it is possible to interpret the pattern in terms of orbitally driven sedimentary cycles (Gilbert - or Milankovic cycles) with periodicities of around JOO and 20 Ka respectively. At present the method allows correlation of marine and terrestrial deposits with a time resolution of about 10 Ka.
Some peaks have characteristic shapes and interference patterns that may be recognized over wide areas. Sediment series have been studied from central Poland, south Israel, south France, south China and Denmark. December 20th, 1992.
Columnar and radiating aggregates with jarlite from the Ivigtut cryolite deposit, South Greenland
Authors: Pauly Hans
Published: July 2021

Most jarlite in the Ivigtut cryolite deposit occurred as cm-sized segregations in fluorite-carrying masses. The conspicuous columnar and radiating aggregates with jarlite occurred only in five places in the quarry. They are composed of mm-wide, dm-long lamellae either in a radiating pattern or in a more or less parallel arrange­ment.
The major constituent of the lamellae is jarlite in fan-shaped grains 0.2-1 mm long. They are delineated by seams, a few tenths of a mm wide, of cryptocrystalline topaz and a spherulitic mica which show straight borders towards the jarlite.
The lamellae are prismatic bodies with lozenge shaped cross sections showing angles of 70° and 110°, the latter often truncated giving 145°.
The faces of the prisms correspond to topaz-coated planes found in the pseudo­cubic mineral cryolite: · pseudo-octahedral and pseudo-dodecahedral. planes. The lamellae are regarded as pseudomorphs after prismatic cleavage bodies of cryolite.
The radiating and columnar aggregates formed when Sr-Ba-rich fluids dissolved shattered, topaz-coated cryolite. Simultaneously with the dissolution b0gvadite and strontian barite formed crystals with axes parallel to the crystallographic axes of the former cryolite. The fanshaped/subspherulitic jarlite grains with random orientations formed later, presumably from gel-like masses produced by the total dissolution of the cryolite. The central parts of the radiating aggregates had b0gvadite crystals in an array
lined up after the radial directions, in a matrix of micron-sized scales of strontian barite with a kaolin-like mineral. Tangential bands of the spherulitic mica make the central parts, 5-10 cm across, appear as colloform masses formed from a gel.
Semantic Markup of the Event and its Display by Means of the Chinese and Russian Languages
Authors: Гордей А.Н.
Published: July 2021

На основе третьей редакции второй версии Теории автоматического порождения архитектуры знаний (ТАПАЗ-2) предложен новый подход к семантической разметке события и формализации синтаксиса китайских и русских предложений, а также намечены пути решения проблемы автоматического определения семантической эквивалентности текстовых документов и заимствования научных идей

On the basis of the third edition of the second version of Theory for Automatic Generation of Knowledge Architecture (TAPAZ–2), a new approach to the semantic markup of an event and the syntax formalization of Chinese and Russian sentences is proposed, as well as ways of solving the problem of automatically identifying the semantic equivalence of text documents and borrowing scientific ideas.
Novice Craft and Technology Teachers’ Competence Formation through Research Activities
Authors: Пташкина Г.М. , Кузнецова О.В. , Степанов В.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье раскрыта роль предмета «Технология» для школьников и студентов не только в формировании соответствующих навыков и умений в области материаловедения, трехмерного проектирования и технологий изготовления женской одежды, но и развития творческих способностей и активности.
Описаны процессы воссоздания древнерусского исторического костюма; поиска и освоения новых материалов (домотканый лен), технологии шитья и порядок сборки (соединения) деталей; конструирования платья из коллекции красивой женской одежды «Рязанская акварель» для различных возрастных групп; последовательность процессов и технология, включая инструменты и приспособления (набивная доска, молоток и др.) художественной обработки тканей набойкой.
Представлены результаты деятельности студентов — будущих учителей, обучающихся по направлению «Педагогическое образование» (профиль «Технология и физика»), по реконструкции и изготовлению древнерусского женского костюма Старой Рязани; конструированию нарядного женского платья из коллекции «Рязанский аквариум»; художественной обработке (набойкой) тканей и изделий из них; использованию «бросовых» (бумага, фольга, картон, пластиковая и стеклянная тара) конструкционных материалов для декоративно-прикладного творчества. Приведены фрагменты тканей и платьев, изготовленных студентами.
Сформированные у студентов компетенции в области материаловедения, трехмерного проектирования и технологий изготовления женской одежды могут быть успешно использованы ими в будущей педагогической деятельности в школе при организации образовательного процесса по технологии швейного дела, кружков и внеурочной деятельности, а также осуществлении исследовательских проектов с одаренными учащимися.

The article treats the craft and technology education curriculum in secondary and higher education institutions. It treats the role of the subject both in the development of creative abilities and in the formation of skills required for 3d-modelling, women’s clothes designing.
The article describes the process of creating old-Russian historical costumes, the process of searching for new materials (homespun linen) the technology of modelling, designing, and sewing of articles from the collection of female clothing “Ryazan aquarelle” for different age groups, tools and equipment (wooden board, hammer, etc.) required for hammer printing.
The article presents old-Russian traditional women’s clothing (Old Ryazan) made by students, novice Craft, Technology and Physics teachers. It also presents a dress form the “Ryazan aquarium” collection. It deals with hammer printing and the use of such materials as paper, foil, cardboard, plastic and glass for art and craft activities. It presents fabrics and clothing made by students.
Students’ competencies of 3d-modelling, women’s clothes designing and their knowledge of fabrics and materials can be successfully used in classroom activities, extracurricular activities and research work with gifted students.
The problem of development of space law in Ukraine: history and modernity
Authors: Okladnaya Marina , Korchevskaya Anastasia
Published: July 2021

Problem setting. One of the important achievements of humanity of the twentieth century is the development of outer space, has formed the need for legal regulation of this area of human activity at the international and national level. Ukraine, which at that time was part of the Soviet Union directly participated with other developed countries of the world in the formation of space law. After gaining independence, it joined international documents regulating the use of outer space, and it developed its own national space legislation.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the genesis of international space law, its application and development and implementation in the Ukrainian legislation; find out the problems that hinder the full development of the space industry in Ukraine.

Analysis of scientific research. The subject of space law has been studied by legal scholars in various aspects. One of the first works of foreign scientists on space law was the study of the Czech lawyer Volodymyr Mandla, the following scientists also made their efforts: Endryu G. Kheyli, L. P. Anufrieva, A.Kh. Abashidze, K.A. Bekyashev. Ukrainian scientists are dealing with the problems of space law: Malisheva N. R., Atamanenko B. A., Biegliy B. A, Perederey R. B., Kudryavchenko O. B., Redchits’ N. E.

Article’s main body. The current international situation has raised new questions on the development of the space industry: the delimitation of outer space and airspace, the international legal status of the geostationary orbit, the need for an international instrument to prevent the potentially harmful effects of space activities on outer space and the Earth’s environment. All these problems need to be solved as soon as possible.

Conclusions and prospects for development. With the beginning of space exploration in the XX century, Ukraine as part of the Soviet Union took an active part in the development of outer space, with independence the state failed to overcome the systemic economic crisis, which led to stagnation of the space industry, slowed down the development of space law, that in most cases it is used exclusively in international cooperation with more developed countries in the space industry and the launch of a few unmanned space objects. In our opinion, there are the following factors that create obstacles to the successful development of the space industry and research in this area, namely: the state allocates a limited amount of funds for space science, there is a large outflow of scientific personnel abroad; due to the long-term unstable economic situation, foreign investors refuse to invest their funds due to the risks of their loss. In our opinion, only after the settlement of these problems, it will be possible to successfully develop the space industry and further develop space law.
Attitude, Awareness and Barriers in Research: A Study on the Post-Graduate Students and Research Scholars in West Bengal
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Surendranath College for Women (University of Calcutta), 24 M. G. Road, Kolkata – 700009, West Bengal  India, Bachhar Subrata , Mondal Ajit ,   Assistant Professor, West Bengal State University Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat 24 Parganas (North), Kolkata – 700126 West Bengal, India,  E-mail: mondalajit.edn@gmail.com
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the present study was to examine the attitude, awareness and barriers in research on the Post-Graduate (PG) Students and Research Scholars under the universities in West Bengal. The researchers have adopted the descriptive research method and its approach is quantitative for measuring the attitude, awareness and barriers in research. In keeping the variables (Gender, Locality, and Stream) in mind, 150 Post Graduate Students and 140 Research Scholars were selected as sample from the University of Calcutta, University of Kalyani and University of Burdwan in West Bengal. An Attitude Scale based on Likert’s 5-point scale (Bi-polar on 40 items) was developed and used by investigators for measuring their attitude towards research. For the awareness about research methodology, an Awareness Scale based on Likert’s 4-point scale containing 30 items was developed. To explore the barriers to doing research, researchers developed 10 Statements with the help of experts and it’s a tri-polar scaling method indicating ‘Yes’, ‘No’ and ‘Can’t say’. The result indicated that the Post-Graduate Students and Research Scholars differed significantly in their attitude towards research. The Post-Graduate Students showed a more positive attitude towards Research than the Research Scholars. The Research Scholars belonging to the social science & humanities and science stream showed significant difference in their awareness about research methodology. Despite having self-interest in research (70%) among the research scholars, the barriers to conducting research faced by them markedly included barriers related to institutional affairs (65.7%), lack of research funding (75%), inadequate research facilities (69.2%), lack of research skills and knowledge (59.2%), lack of professional supervisors (77.1%), difficulty in collecting reliable and valid data (80%) and uncertainty of employment (67.8%).
GIS IN SOIL SURVEY AND SOIL MAPPING
Authors: Ameti Perparim , Ajvazi Besim
Published: July 2021

The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology for land evaluation by supporting decision-makers with reliable information for the land-use planning process. One of the focuses of this paper is given to the survey process and interpretation between soil survey, soil survey interpretation, and physical land evaluation. Such processes are realized using mobile mapping tools with integrated Global Position Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Both have increased the efficiency of data communication technologies by enabling real-time communication between people located in the field and office as well. For the soil classification as a key component of soil surveys is used World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources. This is a common tool to summarize the wealth of information from soil profiles for the purpose of land evaluation. The final results showed a soil classification map. Such results are derived from many activities, since it includes a preliminary land evaluation, field soil survey with auger holes and profiles as well. This methodology is used for the first time in the selected study area.
Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light: Their Mass Distribution in the Innermost Regions of Groups and Clusters
Authors: Contini E. , Gu Q.
Published: July 2021

We improve the model presented in Contini & Gu that describes the radial mass distribution of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and the diffuse component also known as intracluster light (ICL), by assuming that the global BCG+ICL radial mass distribution follows the sum of three profiles: Jaffe and exponential profiles for the bulge and disk of the BCG, respectively, and a modified version of an NFW profile for the ICL. We take advantage of a wide sample of BCG+ICL systems simulated with our state-of-the-art semianalytic model to (a) investigate the reliability of our BCG+ICL distribution by looking at several scaling relations between the BCG+ICL stellar mass within different apertures and the total BCG+ICL/halo mass, at different redshifts; (b) make a prediction of the distance where the radial distribution transitions from BCG to ICL dominated. We find that our model nicely reproduces all the observed scaling relations investigated at the present time with a compelling degree of precision, but slightly biased low with respect to observations at higher redshifts (z ≳ 0.5). The transition radius predicted by our model is in good agreement with recent observational results, and spans a range between ∼15 kpc and ∼100 kpc. It mostly depends on the morphology of the BCG, whether it is bulge or disk dominated, on the amount of ICL with respect to the bulge and/or disk, and on the dynamical state of the group/cluster.
UniverseMachine: Predicting Galaxy Star Formation over Seven Decades of Halo Mass with Zoom-in Simulations
Authors: Wang Yunchong , Nadler Ethan O. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Adhikari Susmita , Wechsler Risa H. , Behroozi Peter
Published: July 2021

We apply the empirical galaxy–halo connection model UniverseMachine to dark-matter-only zoom-in simulations of isolated Milky Way (MW)–mass halos, along with their parent cosmological simulations. This application extends UniverseMachine predictions into the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy regime (102
M
⊙ ≤ M
* ≤ 105
M
⊙) and yields a well-resolved stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation over the peak halo mass range of 108–1015
M
⊙. The extensive dynamic range provided by the zoom-in simulations allows us to assess specific aspects of dwarf galaxy evolution predicted by UniverseMachine. In particular, although UniverseMachine is not constrained for dwarf galaxies with M
* ≲ 108
M
⊙, our predicted SMHM relation is consistent with that inferred for MW satellite galaxies at z = 0 using abundance matching. However, UniverseMachine predicts that nearly all galaxies are actively star-forming below M
* ∼ 107
M
⊙ and that these systems typically form more than half of their stars at z ≲ 4, which is discrepant with the star formation histories of Local Group dwarf galaxies that favor early quenching. This indicates that the current UniverseMachine model does not fully capture galaxy quenching physics at the low-mass end. We highlight specific improvements necessary to incorporate environmental and reionization-driven quenching for dwarf galaxies, and we provide a new tool to connect dark matter accretion to star formation over the full dynamic range that hosts galaxies.