bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auswirkung von Mund-Nasen-Schutzmasken auf das Sprachverstehen bei normalhörigen Kindern
Authors: Taxacher Thomas , Rupp Martin , Pauli Christof , Profanter Carmen , Dejakum Klemens , Steindl Raluca , Ostertag Peter
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Im Rahmen der Covid-19-Pandemie stellt der Mund-Nasen-Schutz (MNS) im Hinblick auf die Eindämmung der Pandemie ein einfaches und vergleichsweise kostengünstiges Mittel dar, das rasch flächendeckend eingesetzt werden kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Auswirkung eines vom Sprecher getragenen Mund-Nasen-Schutz auf das Sprachverstehen von normalhörenden Kindern und Jugendlichen zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden Bei 40 normalhörenden Kindern zwischen 10 und 18 Jahren wurde das Sprachverstehen anhand einer normierten audiologischen Testreihe (Freiburger Sprachtest, Einsilber) in Umgebungsruhe und im Störlärm (+ 25 dB SNR) überprüft, wobei der Sprecher über einen Bildschirm dargestellt wurde. Der Sprecher wurde gemäß der Versuchsanordnung mit bzw. ohne getragenem Mund-Nasen-Schutz gezeigt.

Ergebnisse Die Kombination des getragenen MNS des Sprechers mit der Wiedergabe im Störlärm ergab einen deutlichen Abfall des Sprachverstehens, wobei bei keinem Einzelfaktor ein signifikanter Einfluss gezeigt werden konnte.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse aus dieser Studie könnten zukünftig dazu beitragen, die Qualität des auf Fakten basierenden Entscheidungsprozess zur Auswahl der Instrumente, welche zur Eindämmung der Pandemie dienen sollen, zu erhöhen. Außerdem könnten die Ergebnisse als Basiswert herangezogen werden, um mit vulnerablen Gruppen der Gesellschaft, wie z.B. hörgeschädigten Kindern oder Erwachsenen, verglichen zu werden.
Hectogram-Scale Synthesis of Indobufen from Diludine-Triggered Metal-Free Cascade
Authors: Cheng Maosheng , Hua Yueting , Liu Bingxin , Cai Jiaxuan , Wang Tao
Published: March 2023

In this study, indobufen was successfully synthesized from diludine-triggered metal-free cascade in good yield. This process includes esterification, reduction, reductive amination/condensation cascade, hydrolysis, and recrystallization. Additionally, the post-treatment procedure was greatly simplified, and indobufen can be obtained by simple recrystallization that complies with the pharmacopoeia standards. Moreover, this work will be used as a basis for further research into the efficient production of indobufen on an industrial scale.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging and Management of Treatment-Related Complications in Cancer
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sumit , Sen Saugata , Ghosh Priya , Gehani Anisha , Patra Anurima , Chandra Aditi , Chatterjee Argha , Lingegowda Dayananda , Gupta Bharat , Gupta Meenu , Venugopal Prakash , Chakraborty Amrita , Pathak Ketul K. , Mishra Pradipta Kumar , Khoda Jeevitesh
Published: March 2023

Precision medicine is becoming increasingly common in oncology, with treatments tailored to individual patients and cancer. By integrating these underlying concepts of health care, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be tailored to improve safety and efficacy. On the other hand, oncology treatment regimens may result in local and systemic changes and complications depending on the type of treatment. For the proper and prompt management of cancer patients, it is essential to interpret this posttreatment imaging correctly. This article aims at guiding treating physicians to be able to distinguish complications from expected posttreatment changes.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatic and Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Argha , Mukhopadhyay Sumit , Ghosh Priya , Shah Diva , Gehani Anisha , Baheti Akshay , Gupta Bharat , Chandra Aditi , Chaturvedi Arvind K. , Khoda Jeevitesh , Patra Anurima , Lingegowda Dayananda , Sen Saugata
Published: March 2023

Major hepatobiliary cancers include hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. There are multiple guidelines and recommendations for the imaging evaluation of these cancers. This article reviews and summarizes principles and recommendations of imaging in hepatobiliary cancers. The cross-sectional imaging protocol is similar among these lesions and is discussed at first followed by the separate discussion of each cancer.
Uncommon Events of Fall and Mood Changes Observed in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Ghosh Srutarshi , Mukhopadhyay Subhalakshmi
Published: March 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in some patients has been documented to cause acute central nervous system (CNS) affection, or CNS depression, even in the absence of demonstrable hypoxia. These observations indicate that there may be some direct effect of the virus on CNS. In this case series of cured post-COVID-19 cases, mood changes like elation, depression, and emotionally labile state have been reported in three previously healthy individuals. The mood changes are waning very slowly in them with the passage of time. All of them also sustained fall sometime following acute COVID-19. Fall is considered to be an event indicating frailty and old age, and there is no mood change associated with fall in that population. Here, the three cases are being reported because neither fall nor mood changes during post-COVID-19 phase have been reported as yet to the best of our knowledge. The case series is worth reporting to generate awareness about the matter in the scientific community and also to indicate that further research in this field is required either to accept or to reject any correlation between COVID-19 infection and fall or mood change in otherwise healthy individuals, which can even be due to some direct effect of the virus on CNS.
Anthropometric Measurements of Hamstring Tendon Graft and Its Predictors in Ligament Reconstruction Surgeries of Knee: An Observational Study
Authors: Panigrahi Tapas Kumar , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Nanda Debi Prasad
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Hamstring graft use has been in the forefront of ligament reconstruction around the knee. With the increasing number of surgeries, the complications are equally on the rise. One of the detrimental factors for predicting the outcome is the diameter and length of the graft. We did an observational study to find out the relationship of patient factors with the morphometry of the graft.

Materials and Methods

Total 484 patients were included in the study. Preoperatively, the age, sex, height, weight, and activity levels of the patients were noted. They were categorized into two major groups: physically active and inactive. The intraoperative measurements of the grafts were recorded. Analysis of variance for comparing the means of multiple groups was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Among the total 484 patients, 407 were male and 77 were female. The semitendinosus graft diameter did not show any statistical significance to the age and weight of the patient. The mean graft diameter was highest in the 45 to 49-year age group. The average graft diameter in physically active group was 3.704 mm, and 3.503 mm in the inactive group. This and the height of the patient proved to have statistically significant relation with graft diameter.

Conclusion

Physical activity along with the height of the patient must be taken into due consideration before embarking upon ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft in mind, as these two are found to determine the diameter and length of the hamstring graft.
Telemedicine Use across Medical Specialties and Diagnoses
Authors: Hsiao Vivian , Chandereng Thevaa , Huebner Jeffrey A. , Kunstman David T. , Flood Grace E. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Schneider David F.
Published: March 2023

Background The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic rapidly expanded telemedicine scale and scope. As telemedicine becomes routine, understanding how specialty and diagnosis combine with demographics to impact telemedicine use will aid in addressing its current limitations.

Objectives To analyze the relationship between medical specialty, diagnosis, and telemedicine use, and their interplay with patient demographics in determining telemedicine usage patterns.

Methods We extracted encounter and patient data of all adults who scheduled outpatient visits from June 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021 from the electronic health record of an integrated academic health system encompassing a broad range of subspecialties. Extracted variables included medical specialty, primary visit diagnosis, visit modality (video, audio, or in-person), and patient age, sex, self-reported race/ethnicity and 2013 rural–urban continuum code. Six specialties (General Surgery, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology, Oncology, General Internal Medicine, and Psychiatry) ranging from the lowest to the highest quartile of telemedicine use (video and audio) were chosen for analysis. Relative proportions of video, audio, and in-person modalities were compared. We examined diagnoses associated with the most and least frequent telemedicine use within each specialty. Finally, we analyzed associations between patient characteristics and telemedicine modality (video vs. audio/in-person, and video/audio vs. in-person) using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.

Results A total of 2,494,296 encounters occurred during the study period, representing 420,876 unique patients (mean age: 44 years, standard deviation: 24 years, 54% female). Medical diagnoses requiring physical examination or minor procedures were more likely to be conducted in-person. Rural patients were more likely than urban patients to use video telemedicine in General Surgery and Gastroenterology and less likely to use video for all other specialties. Within most specialties, male patients and patients of nonwhite race were overall less likely to use video modality and video/audio telemedicine. In Psychiatry, members of several demographic groups used video telemedicine more commonly than expected, while in other specialties, members of these groups tended to use less telemedicine overall.

Conclusion Medical diagnoses requiring physical examination or minor procedures are more likely to be conducted in-person. Patient characteristics (age, sex, rural vs. urban, race/ethnicity) affect video and video/audio telemedicine use differently depending on medical specialty. These factors contribute to a unique clinical scenario which impacts perceived usefulness and accessibility of telemedicine to providers and patients, and are likely to impact rates of telemedicine adoption.
Fundamental Concepts for Assessment and Interpretation of Wideband Acoustic Immittance Measurements
Authors: AlMakadma Hammam , Kei Joseph , Yeager David , Feeney M. Patrick
Published: March 2023

Assessment of middle ear impedance using noninvasive electroacoustic measurements has undergone successive developments since its first clinical application in the 1940s, and gained widespread adoption since the 1970s in the form of 226-Hz tympanometry, and applications in multifrequency tympanometry. More recently, wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) is allowing unprecedented assessments of the middle ear acoustic mechanics thanks to the ability to record responses over a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of this article is to present fundamental concepts for the assessment and interpretation of wideband measures, including a review of acoustic impedance and its relation to the mass, stiffness, and resistance components of the middle ear. Additionally, an understanding of the middle ear transfer function reveals the relationship between impedance and middle-ear gain as a function of frequency. Wideband power absorbance, a WAI measure, quantifies the efficiency of sound conduction through the middle ear over a wide range of frequencies, and can serve as an analogous clinical measure to the transfer function. The interpretation of absorbance measures in ears with or without a conductive condition using absorbance measured at ambient pressure and pressurized conditions (wideband tympanometry) is described using clinical case examples. This article serves as an introduction to the fundamental principles of WAI measurements.
The Importance of High-Frequency Bandwidth on Speech and Language Development in Children: A Review of Patricia Stelmachowicz's Contributions to Pediatric Audiology
Authors: Walker Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2023

We review the literature related to Patricia Stelmachowicz's research in pediatric audiology, specifically focusing on the influence of audibility in language development and acquisition of linguistic rules. Pat Stelmachowicz spent her career increasing our awareness and understanding of children with mild to severe hearing loss who use hearing aids. Using a variety of novel experiments and stimuli, Pat and her colleagues produced a robust body of evidence to support the hypothesis that development moderates the role of frequency bandwidth on speech perception, particularly for fricative sounds. The prolific research that came out of Pat's lab had several important implications for clinical practice. First, her work highlighted that children require access to more high-frequency speech information than adults in the detection and identification of fricatives such as /s/ and /z/. These high-frequency speech sounds are important for morphological and phonological development. Consequently, the limited bandwidth of conventional hearing aids may delay the formation of linguistic rules in these two domains for children with hearing loss. Second, it emphasized the importance of not merely applying adult findings to the clinical decision-making process in pediatric amplification. Clinicians should use evidence-based practices to verify and provide maximum audibility for children who use hearing aids to acquire spoken language.
Sharp, high numerical aperture (NA), nanoimprinted bare pyramid probe for optical mapping
Authors: Zhou Junze , Gashi Arian , Riminucci Fabrizio , Chang Boyce , Barnard Edward , Cabrini Stefano , Weber-Bargioni Alexander , Schwartzberg Adam , Munechika Keiko
Published: March 2023

The ability to correlate optical hyperspectral mapping and high resolution topographic imaging is critically important to gain deep insight into the structure–function relationship of nanomaterial systems. Scanning near-field optical microscopy can achieve this goal, but at the cost of significant effort in probe fabrication and experimental expertise. To overcome these two limitations, we have developed a low-cost and high-throughput nanoimprinting technique to integrate a sharp pyramid structure on the end facet of a single-mode fiber that can be scanned with a simple tuning-fork technique. The nanoimprinted pyramid has two main features: (1) a large taper angle (∼70°), which determines the far-field confinement at the tip, resulting in a spatial resolution of 275 nm, an effective numerical aperture of 1.06, and (2) a sharp apex with a radius of curvature of ∼20 nm, which enables high resolution topographic imaging. Optical performance is demonstrated through evanescent field distribution mapping of a plasmonic nanogroove sample, followed by hyperspectral photoluminescence mapping of nanocrystals using a fiber-in-fiber-out light coupling mode. Through comparative photoluminescence mapping on 2D monolayers, we also show a threefold improvement in spatial resolution over chemically etched fibers. These results show that the bare nanoimprinted near-field probes provide simple access to spectromicroscopy correlated with high resolution topographic mapping and have the potential to advance reproducible fiber-tip-based scanning near-field microscopy.
Experimental demonstration of electrical spin injection into semiconductor employing conventional three-terminal and non-local Hanle devices using spin gapless semiconductor as ferromagnetic injector
Authors: Maji Nilay , Chakraborty Bishnu , Nath Tapan Kumar
Published: March 2023

Here, the deposition of a polycrystalline thin film of a noble promising alloy Ti2CoSi (TCS) on a p-Si substrate has been reported, and its spin gapless semiconducting characteristics have been investigated experimentally. The structural, magnetic, and electronic transport features of the TCS film have been investigated in detail followed by its implementation as a ferromagnetic tunnel contact for proficient spin accumulation into a semiconductor employing both conventional three-terminal and non-local (NL) Hanle measurements. As we can avoid noticing erroneous effects like anisotropic magnetoresistance of the ferromagnetic electrodes, the NL-Hanle experiment has been established to be the most effective method for demonstrating true spin transport in semiconductors.
Efficient surface processing of high surface quality with two-color double-pulse femtosecond laser ablation
Authors: Liu Zhaohui , Wan Yuexin , Li Xiaolong , Yi Zhen , Chen Wei , Qi Jia , Cheng Ya
Published: March 2023

We investigate the femtosecond laser ablation of 304 stainless steel (AISI 304), aiming to achieve a high ablation rate, while maintaining low surface roughness. We observe that the surface ablation with 1030 nm-wavelength laser pulses shows a higher ablation rate than that with the 515 nm-wavelength pulses, whereas the surface roughness obtained with the 1030 nm pulses is significantly higher as compared to that obtained with the ablation of 515 nm pulses. We also show that by the use of the two-color double-pulses at 1030 and 515 nm wavelengths, a much higher ablation rate has been achieved with a surface roughness comparable to that obtained with the ablation of 515 nm pulses.
Ar permeability through densified single-walled carbon nanotube-based membranes
Authors: Gubarev V. , Krivokorytov M. , Krivtsun V. , Novikova N. , Yakunin S. , Pal A. , Ramirez B Javier A. , Krasnikov D. , Medvedev V. , Nasibulin A. G.
Published: March 2023

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based membranes (pellicles) and gas counterflows are used as a debris mitigation system in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Densification with volatile liquids is a well-known approach to tune the performance of SWCNT membranes. However, densification can change the gas permeability through SWCNT membranes, violating the circulation of buffer gas counterflows. In the present work, we investigate the Ar permeability through SWCNT membranes before and after densification with isopropyl alcohol in the pressure drop test. The effective diffusivity of Ar through pristine and densified SWCNT membranes is, respectively, calculated to be Deffpristine = 330 × 109 m2 s−1 and Deffdensified = 4 × 109 m2 s−1. We developed a probabilistic model of gas penetration through SWCNT membranes. On the basis of the experimental data, the probabilities of Ar atoms penetrating through pristine and densified SWCNT membranes are estimated to be 8% and 0.1%, respectively. Structural changes in SWCNT membranes after densification with scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique are demonstrated. The bulk density of SWCNT membranes, measured using x-ray reflectometry, is found to be 0.38 and 0.89 g/cm3 before and after densification, respectively. The temporal dynamic of isopropyl alcohol evaporation from the volume of SWCNT membranes is analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results obtained using EUV and FTIR spectroscopy show that isopropyl alcohol is present in the volume of the SWCNT membrane even after the membrane has been left in vacuum (P < 0.01 Pa) for 22 h.
Finite droplets vs long droplets: Discrepancy in release conditions in a microscopic constricted channel
Authors: Imani Gloire , Zhang Lei , Xu Chao , Ntibahanana Munezero , Sun Hai , Yao Jun
Published: March 2023

Conditions of release of trapped droplets in constricted channels are of great significance in various domains, including microfluidic development and enhanced oil recovery. In our previous studies, a detailed and quantitative analysis of the threshold pressure needed to release a droplet from a constricted channel has been performed. However, droplets may exist in real applications as long droplets, which may exhibit different behavior than finite droplets. Therefore, in this study, direct numerical simulations, combining the fluid flow equations and the phase-field method, have been conducted on three-dimensional constrained channels to investigate discrepancies in release conditions of finite droplets and long droplets. The results have shown that for a finite droplet, the maximum pressure increases with the increase in the contact angle, whereas for a long droplet, the maximum pressure is almost the same both in the water-wet and neutral-wet conditions. Effects of droplet size on the release pressure have also been studied. For the finite droplet and at the water-wet condition (θ = 45°), the minimum release pressure increases linearly with the droplet length, while for the long droplet at similar conditions, the minimum release pressure does not change much as the length of the droplet increases. Furthermore, the release pressure decreases with the increased tapering angle.
Superior dielectric and varistor properties of ZnO or SnO2 diffused calcium copper titanate ceramics
Authors: Dhavala Lokeswararao , V Sai Muthukumar , Kollipara Vijay Sai , Kalidindi B. R. Varma
Published: March 2023

Sub-micrometer-sized (0.33 μm) polycrystalline powders of calcium copper titanate (CCTO) were synthesized via the solgel method. Compacted calcined powders were sintered at 900 °C/2h to obtain porous (<80% density) pellets. Subsequently, ZnO or SnO2 pastes (∼10 μm grain size) were smeared on either side of the pellets and sintered at 1100 °C/15 h, which yielded dense (>95% density) ceramics. X-ray structural investigations revealed the presence of ZnO or SnO2 traces in the bulk of the CCTO ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopic studies confirmed the diffusion and the segregation of these oxides at the grain boundaries. The dielectric and varistor properties of the ZnO or SnO2 diffused samples were found to be superior to that of pristine CCTO ceramics. For instance, the dielectric constant (ɛ′) of ZnO diffused ceramics exhibited a value as high as 2.4 × 104 (1 kHz, at room temperature) and a dielectric loss (D) of 0.059. Similarly, SnO2 diffused ceramics exhibited a dielectric constant of 2.7 × 104 (1 kHz, at room temperature) associated with a dielectric loss of 0.047. The figure of merit of varistor performance, i.e., nonlinear coefficient (α = 10.6), of the SnO2 diffused sample is significantly higher than that of ZnO diffused (α = 7.4) and pristine CCTO (α = 4.5) ceramics. The dielectric data obtained for both the pristine and ZnO or SnO2 diffused ceramics were rationalized by invoking Cole–Cole analysis. The thermal activation energy was estimated from the temperature-dependent dielectric data besides current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics. Equivalent circuit modeling of the Nyquist plots demonstrated that the inclusion of ZnO and SnO2 layers in CCTO ceramics remarkably improved the grain boundary resistance (Rgb) by 5-fold and 20-fold, respectively, which resulted in making CCTO a better dielectric. This methodology of fabricating ceramics via interfacial engineering could pave the way for obtaining superior CCTO ceramics associated with exotic functional properties.
Mechanism of charge injection-based electrohydrodynamic pump with interdigitated electrodes
Authors: Gao Xue-Lin , Lu Cai-lei , Chen Di-Lin , Wu Jian , Yi Hong-Liang , Luo Kang
Published: March 2023

The mechanisms of a charge injection-induced electrohydrodynamic pump using the lattice Boltzmann method are numerically investigated in this paper. The pump is composed of a dielectric liquid layer and two substrate layers with embedded electrodes. There are three possible flow modes found, which are associated with the generation of local convective rolls for different electrode arrangements, namely, modes associated with one and two vortices and an irrotational mode. For different flow modes, results are presented for both the transient development of the flow field and the steady-state total flow rate and pressure. A distinct four-state transition can be observed in the temporal record of the velocity field. Regarding pumping ability, it is found that the irrotational mode can lead to optimal performance, while the single-vortex flow mode gives the worst performance.
Surface plasmon enhanced InAs-based mid-wavelength infrared photodetector
Authors: Zhou Ziji , Lin Hongyu , Pan Xiaohang , Tan Chong , Zhou Dongjie , Wen Zhengji , Sun Yan , Hu Shuhong , Dai Ning , Chu Junhao , Hao Jiaming
Published: March 2023

High performance photodetectors operating in the mid-wavelength infrared spectral range are of great significance in many applications such as defense, surveillance, gas sensing, and night vision. A key parameter in the design of infrared detectors is the thickness of the absorber layer; reaching high absorption with a thin absorber layer can significantly enhance the performance of the device. In this work, we demonstrate the enhancement of InAs-base infrared detectors using surface plasmon nanostructures. Experimental results show that our device exhibits broadband enhancement compared to the reference with an increase in peak responsivity of about 50%. Further analysis shows that the enhancement of the device is attributed to the near-field localization effect of the plasma structure, which is well demonstrated by the experimental dual-peak spectrum. Such mechanisms provide valuable insight into the plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetector.
Understanding the influence of fluid flow regime on plasma morphology and dose delivery at the plasma–liquid interface
Authors: Walker R. Z. , Foster J. E.
Published: March 2023

Plasma-based water purification involves the transport of reactive species across the gas–liquid interface. This process is limited by slow diffusion driven mass transport of reactive species across the interface. Additionally, the plasma gas–liquid contact area is typically limited, contributing to reduced dose delivery. These key factors make it difficult to scale up the treatment process to input flows of industrial interest. In this work, turbulence is explored as a means to introduce a fine grain structure, thus greatly increasing the interfacial surface area, leading to large property gradients and more efficient mass transport. Such a fine scale structure can also enhance the local electric field. The test apparatus explored in this work is the packed bed reactor that places thin water jets into contact with plasma. It is theorized that introducing turbulence, via increasing Reynolds number in such thin jets, may enhance the effective plasma dose at fixed plasma power. In this work, changes in the flow regime, from laminar to turbulent, of water jets in a packed bed water reactor (PBR) configuration are investigated experimentally. Methylene blue dye, a model contaminant, was tested in the PBR to demonstrate enhanced treatment via reduced treatment times. Plasma surface morphology around the jets noticeably changed with the flow regime, and turbulent flow demonstrated a faster hydrogen peroxide uptake, along with slower temperature, electrical conductivity, and a pH change in a batch treatment process, compared to laminar flow. The dye was destroyed significantly faster in the turbulent flow, indicating an increased effective plasma dose.
Simulating two-dimensional correlation spectroscopies with third-order infrared and fifth-order infrared–Raman processes of liquid water
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: March 2023

To investigate the possibility of measuring the intermolecular and intramolecular anharmonic coupling of balk water, we calculate third-order two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectra and fifth-order 2D IR–IR–Raman–Raman spectra expressed in terms of four-body correlation functions of optical observables. For this purpose, a multimode Brownian oscillator model of four interacting anharmonic oscillators strongly coupled to their respective heat baths is employed. The nonlinearity of system–bath interactions is considered to describe thermal relaxation and vibrational dephasing. The linear and nonlinear spectra are then computed in a non-Markovian and nonperturbative regime in a rigorous manner using discretized hierarchical equations of motion in mixed Liouville–Wigner space. The calculated 2D spectra for stretching–bending, bending–librational, stretching–librational, and stretching–translational modes consist of various positive and negative peaks exhibiting essential details of intermolecular and intramolecular mode–mode interactions under thermal relaxation and dephasing at finite temperature.
Electronically excited states of closed-shell azabenzene and purine anion structures: Is 2 D enough for dipole-bound excited states?
Authors: Santaloci Taylor J. , Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: March 2023

Deprotonated azabenzene anions require dipole moments in their corresponding neutral radicals of more than 3.5 D in order to exhibit dipole-bound excited states (DBXSs). This is notably larger than the typical 2.0–2.5 D associated with such behavior. Similar computational analysis on deprotonated purine derivatives also conducted herein only requires the more traditional 2.5 D dipole moment, implying that the single six-membered azabenzene rings have additional factors at play in binding diffuse electrons. The present study also shows that the use of coupled cluster singles and doubles with a double-zeta correlation consistent basis set and additional diffuse functions originating from the center-of-charge for all aspects of the computations decreases the error in predicting DBXSs to less than 0.006 eV at worst and likely less than 0.003 eV for most cases. These results can influence the modeling of molecular spectra beyond fundamental chemical curiosity with application to astrochemistry, solar energy harvesting, and combustion chemistry among others.
Productivity assessment of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) germplasm from Serbia
Authors: Ilić Aleksandra D. , Zorić Miroslav Z. , Živanov Dalibor B. , Medić-Pap Slađana S. , Vasić Mirjana A.
Published: March 2023

Context In Serbia, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production largely relies on improved commercial cultivars; however, many farmers still grow and maintain landraces. Productivity assessment of common bean landraces from Serbia may enrich knowledge of bean diversity from Western Balkans, Europe and worldwide. Aims The study aims were to describe the underlying structure of a selected set of landraces and commercial cultivars of common bean, identify relatedness of accessions, and determine breeding values. Methods and key results Overall productivity was assessed through main yield components during a 2-year field trial. Average seed yield per plant was 7.9 g, with 1000-seed weight 425 g, 7.4 pods per plant and 22.9 seeds per plant. Accessions were classified according to seed colour and shape, with the Albus group generally showing highest productivity traits. Phenotypic and genotypic variability of the selected set was previously determined. Principal component analysis was used to assess bean germplasm structure, revealing subdivisions partially according to gene pool (Mesoamerican or Andean), evident through the existence of one larger Andean group. Relatedness of genotypes was assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Additional variation concentrated within the Andean gene pool was detected. Positive correlations were observed among numbers of pods and seeds per plant, yield per plant and plant height. According to the Mantel test, positive associations were observed among productivity trait distance, genetic distance and descriptive trait distance. Conclusions Substantial variation in productivity was observed for bean landraces, with differences among gene pools and seed forms, revealing their agronomic value. Acknowledged structure of agronomic traits and recognised stratification will assist in multilevel organisation of common bean breeding programs. Implications Combined information on phenotypic, genotypic and productivity value should benefit selection of promising parental lines associating good agronomic performance with sufficient variability, according to consumer preferences.
Male harm offsets the demographic benefits of good genes
Authors: Flintham Ewan O. , Savolainen Vincent , Mullon Charles
Published: March 2023

Sexual conflict can arise when males evolve traits that improve their mating success but in doing so harm females. By reducing female fitness, male harm can diminish offspring production in a population and even drive extinction. Current theory on harm is based on the assumption that an individual’s phenotype is solely determined by its genotype. But the expression of most sexually selected traits is also influenced by variation in biological condition (condition-dependent expression), such that individuals in better condition can express more extreme phenotypes. Here, we developed demographically explicit models of sexual conflict evolution where individuals vary in their condition. Because condition-dependent expression readily evolves for traits underlying sexual conflict, we show that conflict is more intense in populations where individuals are in better condition. Such intensified conflict reduces mean fitness and can thus generate a negative association between condition and population size. The impact of condition on demography is especially likely to be detrimental when the genetic basis of condition coevolves with sexual conflict. This occurs because sexual selection favors alleles that improve condition (the so-called good genes effect), producing feedback between condition and sexual conflict that drives the evolution of intense male harm. Our results indicate that in presence of male harm, the good genes effect in fact easily becomes detrimental to populations.
From a war of defense to conventional wars
Authors: Tang Ping , Sun Yi
Published: March 2023

The present longitudinal study investigates how the entailments of war metaphors evolve in different
stages of COVID-19 containment in China using data from three documentaries made by Xinhua News Agency. A social semiotic model of
multimodal metaphor analysis is adopted to analyze the military metaphors systematically in terms of semantic choice, multimodal
realization, and context. The war framing is found as the pivotal rhetoric to conceptualize China’s response toward
COVID-19 but distinctive features are attributed over time with a focus shifting from the “inevitability” in the initial stage to
societal reactions in the later stage. In addition, socio-cultural factors embodied in multimodality not only efficiently guide
the public to reason about the situation but also socialize the population to self-disciplining for the sake of everyone’s
interest.
Move in a crowd
Authors: Li Heng , Cao Yu
Published: March 2023

When spatializing time, individuals can either say that they walk towards the future as though time is a
stationary landscape (called ego-moving perspective), or that the future time moves towards them (called time-moving perspective).
A substantial body of experimental research has shown that people’s adoption of these two temporal perspectives may be malleable,
influenced by a broad set of factors. In the current research, we examined the novel possibility that the mere crowdedness of the
environment can influence people’s abstract thinking about time. We contended that exposure to the crowd may be linked to
increased anxiety, which can in turn lead to a greater preference for the time-moving perspective in the resolution of temporal
ambiguity. Two experiments found that social crowding, whether induced via a visualization task or through an assignment to a
crowded workstation, was sufficient to alter participants’ perspectives on the movement of events in time. Further, we found that
anxiety mediated the relationship between crowdedness and temporal reasoning. Taken together, these results offer unique insights
into the cognitive consequences of social crowding and provide a more complete understanding of how people adduce temporal
relationship.
Identification of metadiscourse markers in bachelor’s degree theses in Spanish
Authors: Míguez-Álvarez Carla , Varela Luis G. , Cuevas-Alonso Miguel
Published: March 2023

This article introduces a text mining tool that can automatically extract information using Hyland’s analysis
model as a theoretical framework to analyse the use and characteristics of metadiscourse in large quantities of academic texts. To
verify its validity, we present the results obtained using this tool on various bachelor’s degree theses with a particular focus
on the field of engineering. Our results on a 6.9 million-word corpus extracted from 680 bachelor’s theses available online show
that interactive metadiscourse markers are prevalent in engineering bachelor’s theses as well as in the authors’ metadiscourse
patterns. In addition, we compared our results with previous research on metadiscourse markers. Our study can be used to identify
the usage of various types of metadiscourse markers during the production of texts and for the development of software
applications involving quantitative linguistic methods for the production of academic texts.
Eutectic composition titanium metal matrix composites for laser powder bed fusion via surface remelt analyses
Authors: Hixson William R. , Yu Junyang , Wilson Alison , Stone Howard J. , Isheim Dieter , Coakley James
Published: March 2023

Ti-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) represent a material class with highly desired performance for the aerospace industry, but implementation has been hindered by poor processability. It is now being realised that MMCs can be formed in situ through the exploitation of rapid cooling rates of laser powder bed fusion, and targeting invariant reaction compositions to minimise the propensity for solidification cracking. We perform laser line scans and surface remelts of arc-melted Ti–0.38C, Ti–1.67B, Ti–8.5Si and Ti–32.5Fe wt-% eutectic compositions to assess potential material amenability to the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process at low cost as well as determining the nanostructure and hardness properties. The results indicate that MMCs are amenable to LPBF and may outperform conventional alloys.
Multicomponent recreational team handball training improves global health status in postmenopausal women at the long term – A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pereira Rita , Krustrup Peter , Castagna Carlo , Coelho Eduardo , Helge Eva Wulff , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Vila‐Chã Carolina , Martins Sandra , Guimarães João Tiago , Magalhães José , Póvoas Susana
Published: March 2023

We studied the long‐term effects of a multicomponent exercise training protocol (recreational team handball training, RTH) on global health status in inactive postmenopausal women. Participants (n = 45; age 65 ± 6 years, stature 157 ± 6 cm, body mass 66.2 ± 9.4 kg, fat mass 41.4 ± 5.5%, VO2peak 25.7 ± 3.6 mL/min/kg) were randomised into a control group (CG; n = 14) and a multicomponent exercise training group (EXG; n = 31, performing two to three weekly 60‐min RTH sessions). Attendance was 2.0 ± 0.4 sessions/week (first 16 weeks) and 1.4 ± 0.5 (following 20 weeks) and mean heart rate (HR) loading was 77 and 79% of maximal HR (p = .002) for the first 16 and the following 20 weeks, respectively. Cardiovascular, bone, metabolic health, body composition and physical fitness markers were evaluated at baseline, and after 16 and 36 weeks. An interaction (p ≤ .046) was shown for the 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test, HDL, Yo‐Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test (YYIE1) and knee strength, in favour of EXG. At 36 weeks, YYIE1 and knee strength were higher (p ≤ .038) for EXG vs CG. Also, within‐group improvements (p ≤ .043) were observed after 36 weeks for EXG in VO2peak, lumbar spine bone mineral density, lumbar spine bone mineral content, P1NP, osteocalcin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, body mass, android fat mass, YYIE1, knee strength, handgrip strength and postural balance. At 36 comparatively to 16 weeks, EXG showed an increase (p ≤ .036) in fasting blood glucose, HDL, knee strength and handgrip strength, and a decrease (p ≤ .025) in LDL. Collectively, this multicomponent exercise training (RTH) induces beneficial changes in global health status in postmenopausal women.
Structural Determination, Unstable Antiferromagnetism and Transport Properties of Fe-Kagome Y0.5Fe3Sn3 Single Crystals
Authors: Liu Yang , Lyu Meng , Liu Junyan , Zhang Shen , Yang Jinying , Du Zhiwei , Wang Binbin , Wei Hongxiang , Liu Enke
Published: March 2023

Kagome materials have been studied intensively in condensed matter physics. With rich properties, various Kagome materials emerge during this process. Here, we grew single crystals of Y0.5Fe3Sn3 and confirmed an YCo6Ge6-type Kagome-lattice structure by detailed crystal structure characterizations. This compound bears an antiferromagnetic ordering at T
N = 551 K, and shows a weak ferromagnetism at low temperatures, where an anomalous Hall effect was observed, suggesting the non-zero Berry curvature. With the unstable antiferromagnetic ground state, our systematic investigations make Y0.5Fe3Sn3 a potential Kagome compound for Kagome or topological physics.
TALIF at H− ion sources for the determination of the density and EDF of atomic hydrogen
Authors: Merk F , Wimmer C , Briefi S , Fantz U
Published: March 2023

The production of H− ions in negative ion sources relevant for particle accelerator facilities and neutral beam injection systems is based predominantly on the surface conversion of H atoms at a low work function surface covered with caesium (the plasma grid (PG)). Therefore, the H atom density n
H and energy distribution function (EDF) close to the PG determine the amount of surface produced H− ions. As a direct method for the density and EDF determination, two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) on H atoms was implemented at the ion source of the teststand BATMAN Upgrade (BUG) being the first time that this was accomplished at an H− ion source. Several challenges had to be overcome concerning the application of the diagnostic at the complex facility and the evaluation of the fluorescence signals against a bright H

α

background. The observed line profiles suggest a Maxwellian EDF with an H atom temperature of

(
2000
±
500
)

 K. The presence of highly energetic H atoms (measured by optical emission spectroscopy, (OES)) could not be resolved by the TALIF system due to the insufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Atomic densities were measured for H2 and D2 plasmas for varying ion source parameters at BUG resulting in values between

3
×

10

18

 m−3 and

1.1
×

10

19

 m−3 for hydrogen. For the operation with deuterium,

30
%

higher atomic densities are observed for similar ion source parameters which agree well with the previous results obtained with OES.
Physics-separating artificial neural networks for predicting sputtering and thin film deposition of AlN in Ar/N2 discharges on experimental timescales
Authors: Gergs Tobias , Mussenbrock Thomas , Trieschmann Jan
Published: March 2023

Understanding and modeling plasma–surface interactions frame a multi-scale as well as multi-physics problem. Scale-bridging machine learning surface surrogate models have been demonstrated to perceive the fundamental atomic fidelity for the physical vapor deposition of pure metals. However, the immense computational cost of the data-generating simulations render a practical application with predictions on relevant timescales impracticable. This issue is resolved in this work for the sputter deposition of AlN in Ar/N2 discharges by developing a scheme that populates the parameter spaces effectively. Hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo simulations of randomized plasma-surface interactions/diffusion processes are used to setup a physics-separating artificial neural network. The application of this generic machine learning model to a specific experimental reference case study enables the systematic analysis of the particle flux emission as well as underlying system state (e.g. composition, density, point defect structure) evolution within process times of up to 45 min.
3D phase-field simulations to machine-learn 3D information from 2D micrographs
Authors: Jiang Yuxun , Ali Muhammad Adil , Roslyakova Irina , Bürger David , Eggeler Gunther , Steinbach Ingo
Published: March 2023

A novel approach is developed to support retrieval of 3D information from 2D experimental micrographs. The approach utilizes 3D phase-field simulations to train an artificial intelligence machine. In a first step, the phase-field simulations have to be validated to reproduce microstructural features which characterize elementary processes which govern processing and high temperature service exposure. The qualified 3D simulation setup is then applied to produce a high number of 2D simulated micrographs by automated sectioning. These simulated micrographs are then used to train a gradient boosting regression model together with the 3D information from the simulations. In the final step, the model is applied to 2D experimental micrographs to retrieve the hidden 3D features. The approach is generally applicable to all kinds of metallic materials, minerals or ceramics which can be treated quantitatively by phase-field simulations. In this paper we concentrate on the process of directional coarsening, referred to as ‘rafting’, in the field of creep of single crystal Ni-base superalloys. The experimental and modeling aspects of the evolution of the volume fraction of the

γ

′

phase during long term creep are discussed.
Fault diagnosis of EHA with few-shot data augmentation technique
Authors: Chen Huanguo , Miao Xu , Mao Wentao , Zhao Shoujun , Yang Gaopeng , Bo Yan
Published: March 2023

As an emerging object in aerospace actuators, electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) has the advantages of heavy load capacity and high reliability. An EHA fault diagnosis method based on a few-shot data augmentation technique is proposed to diagnose and isolate possible faults. The sensitive parameters of typical failure modes are demonstrated based on the mathematical model of EHA. By converting multi-dimensional experimental data into two-dimensional grayscale data and extracting local features, the time series characteristics and correlation between different signals can be highlighted. The Wasserstein deep convolutional generative adversarial network (WDCGAN) is used to enhance the EHA small sample data. The diagnostic model WDCGAN-stacked denoised auto encoder (SDAE) combined with WDCGAN and SDAE is proposed to differentiate between multiple types of EHA failures. Compared with the five commonly used fault classification methods, the proposed method can effectively identify the typical fault modes of EHA, with the highest accuracy of fault classification and strong feature extraction ability.