bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionisation nanoparticle detector based on modified smoke detector to measure neutralised and non-neutralised aerosol concentrations
Authors: Okołowicz Adrian , Jankowski Tomasz
Published: November 2023

Innovation in nanotechnology should be accompanied by advances in the monitoring of nanomaterials, especially the concentration of nanoparticles in the air, because of the risk to human health that their use may pose. Current solutions for determining nanoparticle concentrations are mainly used in research laboratories. Firstly, purchase and secondly conservation, maintenance and servicing of these devices are high costs that companies cannot afford on a larger scale. There is therefore a growing demand for monitoring devices suitable for larger-scale use. The aim of the research was to verify the proposed detector’s suitability as a stand-alone measuring device for the determination of the nanoparticles’ number concentration. An electronic circuit has been developed that is responsible for reading the measured voltage, the necessary conversions and controlling the operation of the detector. A simple menu was developed for the user to configure basic measurement options. Detector tests were done in two stages: with and without aerosol neutralisation. They indicate that the ionisation nanoparticle detector measurements strongly correlate with those obtained with the reference device (r > 0.90 and r > 0.85, respectively). Statistical analysis confirmed the capability of the investigated ionisation nanoparticle detector to estimate the number concentration of nanoparticles (strong correlations) by following concentration changes (non-normal distribution of measured voltage, Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0.05 for both stages). However, the aerosol neutralisation affected the measurement data obtained from this device (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 4.519 × 10−7), while the reference device did not (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 7.182 × 10−2).
Mass estimation of a simple hydraulic crane using discrete extended Kalman filter and inverse dynamics for online identification
Authors: Pyrhönen Lauri , Jaiswal Suraj , Mikkola Aki
Published: November 2023

Automatization of hydraulic machinery requires accurate information of the current dynamic state of the machinery but also information of the underlying dynamic model characterized by a set of parameters. Some of the parameters can be considered static and well defined, such as machinery dimensions, whereas a part of the parameter set is time varying and needs to be identified based on observations. Particularly, difficult parameters to estimate are the ones, from which no prior knowledge is available. Consequently, the parameter corrections cannot be assumed to be small, which is commonly required for the existing parameter estimation algorithms. This study creates an online capable identification algorithm for estimation of a load mass operated by a hydraulic crane. In the case of load mass estimation, the unknown parameter can be practically any positive value, which implies the parameter corrections to be large. In this study, the estimation problem is divided in two parts: First, the dynamical states of the system are estimated based on the system kinematic relationships and dynamics of the hydraulic circuit. Secondly, the unknown load mass is estimated based on the known hydraulic forces and kinematics using the inverse dynamics of the mechanical structure. The proposed algorithm is tested with both artificially created measurements and with an experimental setup. The results show that both the kinematics of the structure and hydraulic pressures can be accurately estimated using the proposed method. Moreover, the method can be used to further estimate the payload mass. A drawback related to inverse dynamics is that it produces biased estimates in static equilibrium because of the discontinuous nature of static friction force. However, this drawback can be avoided, in part, by not updating the payload estimate in the low-velocity region. The proposed estimation methodology is capable for online identification, and as such, it can be used to adapt the control laws of automated machinery. Moreover, the methodology can be useful to record and document the amount of payload being handled during a work cycle.
Approximating sparse Hessian matrices using large-scale linear least squares
Authors: Fowkes Jaroslav M. , Gould Nicholas I. M. , Scott Jennifer A.
Published: November 2023

Large-scale optimization algorithms frequently require sparse Hessian matrices that are not readily available. Existing methods for approximating large sparse Hessian matrices have limitations. To try and overcome these, we propose a novel approach that reformulates the problem as the solution of a large linear least squares problem. The least squares problem is sparse but can include a number of rows that contain significantly more entries than other rows and are regarded as dense. We exploit recent work on solving such problems using either the normal equations or an augmented system to derive a robust approach for computing approximate sparse Hessian matrices. Example sparse Hessians from the CUTEst test problem collection for optimization illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the new method.
Rejecting the extended cognition moral narrative: a critique of two normative arguments for extended cognition
Authors: Cassinadri Guido , Fasoli Marco
Published: November 2023

Given the explanatory stalemate between ‘embedded’ (EMB) and ‘extended’ (EXT) cognition, various authors have proposed normative and moral arguments in favour of EXT. According to what we call the “extended cognition moral narrative” (EXT-MN) (Cassinadri, 2022), we should embrace EXT and dismiss EMB, because the former leads to morally preferable consequences with respect to the latter. In this article we argue that two arguments following the EXT moral narrative are flawed. In Sect. 2.1 and 2.2, we present respectively King (2016) and Vold’s (2018) ‘argument from assessment of capacities’ (AAC) and Clowes (2013), Farina and Lavazza’s (2022a) ‘cognitive diminishment argument’ (CDA). The AAC states that we should embrace EXT over EMB since the former is better at attributing cognitive credit to individuals with learning disabilities who use assistive tools to complete their learning tasks, thus avoiding their marginalisation. The CDA states that EMB implies a morally undesirable picture of the agent in terms of cognitive diminishment. In Sect. 3, we clarify and criticise the underlying assumptions of the AAC and CDA: the “cognitive credit assumption”, the “marginalisation assumption” and, more generally, an ableist conception of disabled agency. In Sect. 3.1, we discuss the role of moto-perceptual skills and metacognitive credit involved in complex cases of tool-use, to demonstrate that the EXT-MN is uninformative in addressing these cases. To conclude, in Sect. 4 we argue that AAC and CDA fail to present EXT as descriptively and normatively superior to EMB.
Direct and Indirect Linkages Between Trace Element Status and Health Indicators - a Multi-tissue Case-Study of Two Deer Species in Denmark
Authors: van Beest Floris M. , Schmidt Niels M. , Frederiksen Monica Lønborg , Krogh Anne K.H. , Petersen Heidi H. , Hansson Sophia V.
Published: November 2023

Measuring trace element concentrations in tissue can be a valuable approach to monitor animal health status. Temporal variation in the absorption, transport, and storage of elements between different tissues can, however, complicate the assessment of element-health relationships. Here, we measured concentrations of selected essential (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se)) and non-essential (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) trace elements within blood, liver, kidney, and hair of fallow deer (Dama dama; N=20) and red deer (Cervus elaphus; N=21). Using multivariate regression and structural equation models, we estimated direct and indirect linkages between tissue-specific trace element profiles and long- (body condition) and short-term (serum protein biomarkers for acute inflammation, infection, and malnutrition) health indicators. Trace element concentrations varied markedly and were weakly correlated among tissues, with the exception of Se. After accounting for sex- and site-differences in trace element concentrations, body condition of red deer was directly, and positively, associated to trace element status in liver and hair, but not in kidney. For both deer species, trace element status in blood was directly linked to serum protein status with an indirect positive association to deer body condition. For fallow deer, no direct association between trace element status and body condition was detected in any of the tissues, possibly because of elemental homeostasis, and because all individuals were in good clinical health. This study shows that hair can serve as an effective, non-invasive, biomarker in deer health assessments, yet, to fully uncover trace element-health relationships a variety of sample matrices is preferred.
Zonation of groundwater quality in terms of drinkability, using Fuzzy Logic and Schoeller deterministic method for Northern Dezful - Andimeshk Plain, Iran
Authors: Shakour Sedigheh , Chitsazan Manouchehr , Mirzaee Seyed Yahya
Published: November 2023

In the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain, the primary source of drinking water is groundwater, which has low quality in some places. Thus, groundwater quality in this area needs an accurate evaluation. In this research, the fuzzy and Schoeller deterministic method assessed the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain drinking water, and the results of both methods were used to zone and compare the drinking quality of the plain groundwater in the Arc GIS environment. The deterministic method classifies drinking water quality from good to bad. According to this method, 56.81% of the total area of the plain has good quality, 20.83% of the total area is acceptable, 18.77% of the total area has inappropriate quality, and 3.57% of the total area has bad quality. However, in the fuzzy method, groundwater in 21.6% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 70% to 81% is desirable, in 75.23% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 32% to 70% is acceptable, and 3.69% of the total area of the plain with drinking confidence of 20% to 22% is nonacceptable. The results showed that the fuzzy method is better than the Schoeller deterministic method because it reduces uncertainties, increases accuracy in the evaluation, increases flexibility in the threshold limits of water quality parameters, and provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of drinking water. Also the zoning map obtained from this method is more compatible with environmental and pollution realities.

Graphical Abstract
Introducing trauma-informed care principles in the workplace
Authors: Greer Jesse A.
Published: November 2023

What constitutes a traumatic event and how trauma victims receive treatment has evolved. Individuals can now access treatment through a more person-centered approach. In contrast, the client is viewed as a person and not a diagnosis and receives treatment in less restrictive environments with the client being more involved in their care plan. This trauma-informed care approach has proven beneficial in clinical settings (Bloom in Natl Abandon Infants Assist Resour Center 16:12–17, 2007; Bloom in Levin and Becker (eds), A public health perspective of women's mental health, Springer, New York, 2010; Fallot RD, Harris M. Creating cultures of trauma-informed care: a self-assessment and planning protocol. Community Connections. 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272167009_Creating_Cultures_of_Trauma-Informed_Care_A_Self-Assessment_and_Planning_Protocol.; Isobel et al. in Int J Ment Health Nurs 30:495–505, 2021). However, this way of thinking could be valuable in non-clinical settings. The purpose of this qualitative conceptual review was to introduce how trauma-informed care principles could be integrated into the workplace. Tools and guidelines shown to be beneficial for introducing a more trauma-informed approach in clinical settings are reviewed. Recommendations are then made on how said tools and procedures can be manipulated and used in various workplaces. This paper is a starting point for the conversations that need to occur at all levels of an organization interested in applying a trauma-informed care approach to a non-clinical work environment.
Brücken schlagen zwischen zwei (Pflege-)Welten
Authors: Brunhuber Lisa , Glösmann Julia , Mertin Matthias , Müller Irene , Seegert Anne-Kathrin
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die Hochschule Bielefeld (D) und St. Pölten (Ö) beschlossen aufgrund der Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2) eine gemeinsam geplante Lehrveranstaltung als Online-Format anzubieten. Mit Unterstützung der hochschuleigenen Didaktik-Abteilungen wurde ein interaktives Online-Format erstellt. Im Zentrum der Lehrveranstaltung stand der pflegediagnostische Prozess und die Auseinandersetzung mit der diesbezüglichen Praxis in Deutschland und Österreich.
Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liang Zheng , Zhang Yong , Xu Huifen , Chen Wenjing , Liu Boyuan , Zhang Jiyao , Zhang Hui , Wang Zihan , Kang Dong-Ho , Zeng Jianrong , Gao Xingyu , Wang Qisheng , Hu Huijie , Zhou Hongmin , Cai Xiangbin , Tian Xingyou , Reiss Peter , Xu Baomin , Kirchartz Thomas , Xiao Zhengguo , Dai Songyuan , Park Nam-Gyu , Ye Jiajiu , Pan Xu
Published: November 2023

Perovskite solar cells with the formula FA1−xCsxPbI3, where FA is formamidinium, provide an attractive option for integrating high efficiency, durable stability and compatibility with scaled-up fabrication. Despite the incorporation of Cs cations, which could potentially enable a perfect perovskite lattice1,2, the compositional inhomogeneity caused by A-site cation segregation is likely to be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells3,4. Here we visualized the out-of-plane compositional inhomogeneity along the vertical direction across perovskite films and identified the underlying reasons for the inhomogeneity and its potential impact for devices. We devised a strategy using 1-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole to homogenize the distribution of cation composition in perovskite films. The resultant p–i–n devices yielded a certified steady-state photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25.2% and durable stability.
SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells
Authors: Huot Nicolas , Planchais Cyril , Rosenbaum Pierre , Contreras Vanessa , Jacquelin Beatrice , Petitdemange Caroline , Lazzerini Marie , Beaumont Emma , Orta-Resendiz Aurelio , Rey Félix A. , Reeves R. Keith , Le Grand Roger , Mouquet Hugo , Müller-Trutwin Michaela
Published: November 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA generally becomes undetectable in upper airways after a few days or weeks postinfection. Here we used a model of viral infection in macaques to address whether SARS-CoV-2 persists in the body and which mechanisms regulate its persistence. Replication-competent virus was detected in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages beyond 6 months postinfection. Viral propagation in BAL macrophages occurred from cell to cell and was inhibited by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ production was strongest in BAL NKG2r+CD8+ T cells and NKG2Alo natural killer (NK) cells and was further increased in NKG2Alo NK cells after spike protein stimulation. However, IFN-γ production was impaired in NK cells from macaques with persisting virus. Moreover, IFN-γ also enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E on BAL macrophages, possibly inhibiting NK cell-mediated killing. Macaques with less persisting virus mounted adaptive NK cells that escaped the MHC-E-dependent inhibition. Our findings reveal an interplay between NK cells and macrophages that regulated SARS-CoV-2 persistence in macrophages and was mediated by IFN-γ.
A sliding mode control of the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor for the blood pump based on the GAPSO
Authors: Liu Xin , Qu Hongyi , Meng Lingwei , Huang Chuangxin , Chen Qi , Wang Qiuliang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we proposed a sliding mode control method for the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor for the blood pump based on the genetic particle swarm algorithm, which aims to solve the problems of strong coupling, strong interference, nonlinearity and uncertainty. Firstly, the mathematical model of rotor torque and suspension force of the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor is established. Secondly, the structure of sliding mode observer is deduced by designing sliding mode surface and control law. And, the performance parameters of sliding mode observer are optimized by the genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm. Thirdly, electromagnetic torque and suspension force control under this control method is studied by Simulink. Finally, the control method is applied to the control of the blood flow of the blood pump, and the rotation speed can effectively control the blood flow. The results indicate that compared with PID control and traditional sliding mode control methods, the sliding mode control method optimized by the genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm greatly improves the control performance of bearingless permanent magnet slice motor. The results show that the blood flow can meet expectations with a small error, which fully meets the blood perfusion requirements of the blood pump.
Cardiac telerehabilitation under 5G internet of things monitoring: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Zhao Lvheng , Xu Tao , Shi Guofeng , Li Jie , Shuai Wei , Yang Yanqun , Yang Yang , Tian Weiyi , Zhou Yixia
Published: November 2023

Owing to issues such as time and cost, patients often show poor acceptance of and adherence to center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR), which impacts the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Therefore, there is growing interest in home-based cardiac rehabilitation and cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR), which entail less time and cost than CBCR. This study aimed to compare the changes in physiological and psychological indicators, compliance, and satisfaction after CTR and CBCR. In this single-blind, randomized, controlled trial, the intervention group received CTR via the 5G Internet of Things platform, while the control group received CBCR. Data from 50 patients (age 66.28 ± 4.01 years) with acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were analyzed. After an intervention period of three months, the maximal oxygen uptake and metabolic equivalent of task were 5.53 ± 0.12 and 19.32 ± 0.17, respectively, in the intervention group, and 4.15 ± 0.13 and 16.52 ± 0.18, respectively, in the control group. After three months of intervention, there were significant differences between the two groups in all observed indicators (p < 0.05), except for low-density lipoprotein and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (p > 0.05). The use of a 5G Internet of Things platform cardiac rehabilitation model effectively improved outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Trials registry: The study protocol was registered at Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR), first trial registration 07/08/2023, identification number ChiCTR2300074435.
A novel preoperative image-guided localization for small pulmonary nodule resection using a claw-suture device
Authors: Wang Lijie , He Jinxian , Zhang Liang , Chen Chengcheng , Chen Biao , Shen Weiyu
Published: November 2023

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides better option concerning pathological diagnosis and curative intention of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) that are sometimes challenging to localize. We assess the safety and feasibility of a new localization technique for SPNs, and report experience accumulated over time. A retrospective review of the new claw-suture localization cases between February 2018 and May 2023 was performed. Nodules were localized by a novel system that has an anchor claw and a tri-colored suture, guided by computed tomography (CT). Localization and operative procedure outcomes were then assessed. A total of 590 SPNs were localized from 568 patients before operation. The median nodule size was 0.70 cm (range, 0.3–2.0 cm). The claw-suture localization was successful without dislodgment or device fracture in 574 of 590 lesions (97.3%). Failures included not meeting target distance between claw and lesion (n = 13 [2.2%]), and device displacement (n = 3 [0.5%]). Complications requiring no further medical intervention included asymptomatic pneumothorax (n = 68 [11.5%]), parenchymal hemorrhage (n = 51 [8.6%]), and hemothorax (n = 1 [0.2%]) with the exception of pleural reaction observed in 2 cases (0.3%). Additionally, the depth of pulmonary nodules was significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumothorax (P = 0.036) and parenchymal hemorrhage (P = 0.000). The median duration of the localization was 12 min (range, 7–25 min). No patient complained of remarkable pain during the entire procedure. Retrieve of device after operation was 100%. The new localization technique is a safe, feasible, and well-tolerated method to localize SPNs for VATS resection.
The physical and electronic properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks containing dipyridylthiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole
Authors: Rizzuto Felix J. , Pal Shyam C. , Kearns Eleanor R. , Hua Carol , Solomon Marcello B. , Doheny Patrick W. , Faust Thomas B. , Kepert Cameron J. , Das Madhab C. , D'Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: November 2023

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) containing DPTzTz were synthesised and characterised through physical, spectroscopic and electrochemical means. The impact of inter-ligand distance between DPTzTz pairs on the properties of the MOF was elucidated.
Manufacturing of urea co-crystals by spiral gas–solid two-phase flow (S-GSF) based on spiral jet mills: a continuous, solvent-free, and scalable mechanochemical method
Authors: Song Yong , Jin Zhiyuan , Zhang Jiawei , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang
Published: November 2023

A S-GSF method based on spiral jet mills for the continuous, solvent-free, and scalable mechanochemical preparation of four urea co-crystals for the first time.
Supporting coordination through hydrogen bonding in lanthanide complexes of 7-azaindole-N-oxide
Authors: Wood Oskar G. , Jones Leanne , Hawes Chris S.
Published: November 2023

Lanthanide complexes of 7-azaindole-N-oxide exhibit inner-sphere hydrogen bonding interactions, cooperatively forming solution-stable species.
Spin–orbit coupling in low-lying electronic states of CuH
Authors: Mohammadian Zeinab , Shayesteh Alireza
Published: November 2023

Accurate ab initio energies for high vibrational levels of the A1Σ+ excited state of CuH were used to supplement the spectroscopic data. The experimental value for the dissociation energy was refined from a multi-isotopologue Birge–Sponer plot.
A tutorial on asymmetric electrocatalysis
Authors: Rein Jonas , Zacate Samson B. , Mao Kaining , Lin Song
Published: November 2023

This tutorial review delves into the unique advantages of electrochemistry in the context of asymmetric catalysis, first providing a brief tutorial introduction to electrosynthesis, then exploring representative case studies with a mechanistic focus.
Squeezed state in the hydrodynamic focusing regime for Escherichia coli bacteria detection
Authors: Zhao Wenhan , Shang Xiaopeng , Zhang Boran , Yuan Dan , Nguyen Binh Thi Thanh , Wu Wenshuai , Zhang Jing Bo , Peng Niancai , Liu Ai Qun , Duan Fei , Chin Lip Ket
Published: November 2023

A transition from the squeezed focusing state to the over-squeezed anti-focusing state when increasing the Reynolds number. The squeezed focusing state is critical for microfluidic cytometric analyses to maintain a high recovery rate.
Combining a microphysiological system of three organ equivalents and transcriptomics to assess toxicological endpoints for cosmetic ingredients
Authors: Indolfo Nathalia de Carvalho , Ganzerla Melissa Dibbernn , Doratioto Tábata Renée , Avelino Thayná Mendonça , Tofani Larissa Bueno , Peroni Luis Antonio , Rabelo Renata Santos , Arroteia Kelen Fabiola , Figueira Ana Carolina Migliorini
Published: November 2023

A NAM, comprising a microphysiological system of three organ equivalents (skin, liver and intestine), combined with toxicological gene signature analysis, is a promising tool to assess chemical safety.
Efficient solution-processable deep-red hot exciton emitters based on thiadiazole[3,4-c]pyridine for a simple electroluminescent device
Authors: Funchien Patteera , Chantanop Nuttapong , Chasing Pongsakorn , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: November 2023

A new solution-processable deep-red hot exciton fluorophore (CTTPy) exhibits a non-doped solution-processed OLED with deep red electroluminescence, an EQEmax of 3.66% and a considerably high EUE of 59%.
Hyperacusis Diagnosis and Management in the United States: Clinical Audiology Practice Patterns
Authors: Jahn Kelly N. , Koach Chelsea E.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Hyperacusis often leads to debilitating psychosocial consequences, but there is no standard protocol for its diagnosis and management in the United States. In this study, we surveyed U.S. clinical audiologists to understand their education and clinical practices surrounding the evaluation and treatment of hyperacusis.

Method:

An online survey was distributed to clinical audiologists across the United States. Survey responses were quantified using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis.

Results:

Hyperacusis definitions and clinical practice patterns varied widely across the 102 respondents. Respondents cited a lack of education and training as the primary barrier to effective audiological diagnosis and management of hyperacusis, with most respondents reporting ≤ 5 hr of hyperacusis education. Other primary barriers to effective audiological management of hyperacusis included time constraints, reimbursement, poor sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic tools, and poor efficacy of available treatments and management strategies. Most respondents (82.5%) agreed that audiologists are the primary professionals who are responsible for implementing hyperacusis interventions. However, 63.3% of respondents reported that their clinic does not have a hyperacusis management protocol, and 80.0% routinely recommend treatment that is outside their scope of practice to implement (cognitive behavioral therapy).

Conclusions:

Clinical audiologists in the United States do not receive uniform education on hyperacusis, and they report multiple barriers to its evidence-based diagnosis and management. Effective hyperacusis management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The information obtained via this survey will pave the way toward the refinement of interprofessional education programs and the development of systematic, evidence-based clinical protocols for hyperacusis.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24431188
Internal Atom Exchange in Oxazole Rings: A Blueprint for Azole Scaffold Evaluation
Authors: Cornella Josep , Spinnato Davide , Leutzsch Markus , Wang Feng
Published: November 2023

In this article, we provide a route to transform isoxazoles and oxadiazoles into the corresponding pyrazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles in one step using catalytic amounts of an air-stable Ni(0) complex. The reaction is a formal atom-exchange process at the internal heteroatoms of the aromatic cycle. This work provides a blueprint for reactivity that permits the rapid evaluation of different five-membered azole scaffolds, thus avoiding de novo synthesis of the molecule of interest.
Synthesis of Piperazin-2-one Derivatives via Cascade Double Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Petkovic Milos , Savic Vladimir , Kusljevic Dušica , Jovanovic Milos , Jovanovic Predrag , Tasic Gordana , Simic Milena
Published: November 2023

A cascade, metal-promoted transformation utilizing chloro allenylamide, primary amine, and aryl iodide afforded piperizinones in good yields. Under the optimized conditions the cascade is performed as a one-pot process allowing the formation of three bonds. The synthetic route, controlled by the reaction rates of several processes involved, introduces two points of diversity and is well suited for combinatorial synthesis or related technologies.
The Possible Role of the Superior Sagittal Sinus in Regulating Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics among Preterm Infants: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Andreato Chiara , Uccella Sara , Battaglini Marcella , Pacetti Mattia , Tortora Domenico , Ramenghi Luca A.
Published: November 2023

We report the case of a preterm of 27 weeks of gestation who developed posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation associated to a complete thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, for its peculiar interest in clarifying the physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The exact CSF volume that must be removed to improve cerebral hemodynamics and outcomes in infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is unknown. According to Volpe's studies, a volume of 10 to 15 mL/kg/die of body weight is commonly chosen. The subject we report needed an excessive CSF drainage (up to 32 mL/kg/d), in presence of a functioning external ventricular drain. We review the literature on the topic, and we postulate that the superior sagittal sinus may play an active role in the CSF dynamics of the immature brain (as it happens for the adult brain).
A Synthetic Approach for Hepta-Branched β-Cyclodextrins Bearing Heterogeneous Carbohydrate Residues at Their Primary Side via a One-Pot Process with a Simultaneous Click Chemistry Reaction
Authors: Oda Yoshiki , Yamanoi Takashi
Published: November 2023

In this study, a synthetic approach is reported for generating hepta-branched β-cyclodextrins (CDs) bearing heterogeneous carbohydrate residues at their primary side via a one-pot process with a simultaneous click chemistry reaction. The reactions were performed by reacting two or three different species of 2-propynylated glycosides with a hepta-azide functional β-CD at various reaction molar ratios. 2-Propynylated glycosides acted as heterogeneous carbohydrate sources embedded into a hepta-azide functional β-CD. The simultaneous click chemistry reactions generated several desired β-CD derivatives with varying densities of the heterogeneous carbohydrates in a one-pot process. The article describes the effects of the combination of 2-propynylated glycosides and the reaction molar ratios in the click chemistry reactions.
Visible-Light-Enabled Radical Alkynylborylation of Activated Alkenes
Authors: Xie Jin , Zhu Congjun , Yao Shunruo
Published: November 2023

A photoredox-catalyzed protocol for performing radical difunctionalization of alkenes using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes and alkynyl bromines is described. The alkynylborylation difunctionalization reaction involves photoredox generation of boryl radical, with subsequent radical addition to the double bond followed by the capture of alkynyl bromide to form a C–C bond. This method features mild reaction conditions, remarkable chemoselectivity, broad substrate scope and good to excellent yields (up to 89%). The modification of coumarin derivatives indicates that this approach can provide a useful route for the synthesis of complex alkynylborylated products.
Endobronchial Migration of a POD Packing Coil Following Embolization of a Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: McLaughlin Joseph N. , Lamus Daniel , Hegde Siddhi , Kalva Sanjeeva P.
Published: November 2023

The authors report a case of endobronchial migration of a POD packing coil following embolization of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with cavitary tuberculosis and its successful management by bronchoscopy-assisted removal of the coil. Coil migration may be secondary to continued cough and persistence of a bronchial to pulmonary artery fistula from tuberculous infection and inflammation.
Communicating with Your Department Chair: A Primer on How to Advocate for Your IR Section
Authors: Spies James B.
Published: November 2023

Many interventional radiologists express concern about communicating their practice needs to their radiology department chairs. As a result, they may have difficulty getting support for hiring of additional physicians and staff, capital investments in equipment, and marketing of IR services. Some perceive that chairs have a preference for diagnostic radiology initiatives over interventional and want to know why. More importantly, they want to know how to approach their chair and succeed in their advocacy for IR. The key to success is understanding the perspective of the chair and the pressures and demands they face. That understanding allows the IR to propose their initiatives in a form that helps address some of the chair's needs and thus eases their path to success.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes at Periviable Gestation throughout Delivery Admission
Authors: Seasely Angela R. , Jauk Victoria C. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Tita Alan T. , Casey Brian M.
Published: November 2023

Objective The threshold of viability, as well as cutoffs for delivery interventions and neonatal resuscitation, vary by hospital and involve complex counseling. With improvements in neonatal resuscitation and intensive care, the threshold of viability has been decreasing. Decisions regarding delivery planning and neonatal resuscitation efforts should be based on the best available evidence. Our objective was to characterize survival rates and neonatal outcomes following periviable birth at different milestones beginning with prenatal admission through 1 year of life in a contemporary cohort.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of all inborn infants without major congenital anomalies who delivered at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from 2013 to 2019 at gestational ages 22+0/7 to 25+6/7. Our primary outcome was to compared survival milestones throughout the pre- and postdelivery periods and neonatal complications in surviving newborns through 1 year of life at each gestational age.

Results The survival rate to 1 year of life was 49% (48–56%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the entire cohort and varied according to gestational age at delivery (22 weeks 15% [10–23%, 95% CI], 23 weeks 48% [43–58%, 95% CI], 24 weeks 57% [52–67%, 95% CI], 25 weeks 71% [67–82%, 95% CI]). Overall for the entire cohort, the rate of lung disease requiring respiratory support at discharge was 51%, intraventricular hemorrhage was 42%, retinopathy of prematurity was 74%, pulmonary hypertension was 30%, and concerns for cerebral palsy at 1 year of life was 25%. All outcomes improved with advancing gestational age at delivery. Of infants who delivered during the 22nd week of gestation, 50% received antenatal corticosteroids. Infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids had more interventions, less pulmonary hypertension, and improved survival to 1 year of life.

Conclusion Knowledge of maternal complications, longitudinal survival rates, and neonatal outcomes of periviable deliveries according to gestational age throughout the admission enhances obstetric and perinatal counseling after hospital admission.

Key Points
Intratracheal Instillation of Budesonide–Surfactant for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Dolma Kalsang , Zayek Michael , Gurung Aayushka , Eyal Fabien
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of intratracheal instillation of a budesonide–surfactant combination on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death compared with surfactant alone in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design In this retrospective, single-center study, we included extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation) who received surfactant for respiratory distress in the first 3 days of life. We compared infants who received budesonide–surfactant combination (intervention group: infants born between February 2016 and October 2021) with surfactant alone (control group: infants born from January 2010 through January 2016). The primary outcome was a composite of BPD grade 2 or 3 (as defined by Jensen et al, 2019) or death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).

Results We included 966 extremely preterm infants (528 in the control group and 438 in the intervention group). While the incidence of death/BPD grade 2 or 3 at 36 weeks of PMA was not different between the two groups (66% in the intervention group vs. 63% in the control group; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.07; p-value = 0.69), budesonide was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome only in a subgroup of infants with birth weight ≥ 750 grams (36.8 vs. 43.5%, respectively; aRR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–0.98). Primary and secondary outcomes did not differ between the two groups within the subgroup of infants weighing <750 grams.

Conclusion In extremely preterm infants, the budesonide–surfactant combination therapy reduced the rates of BPD or death in infants weighing ≥750 grams; however, this beneficial effect was not seen in infants weighing <750 grams. Further investigation of this treatment may be indicated before it is considered a standard approach to management.

Key Points
Portugal in the nuclear realm: a case of broad ‘multilateralization’
Authors: Fernandes Sandra , Ferreira David Silva
Published: November 2023

Nuclear proliferation and nuclear disarmament have regained centrality in the global security agenda. The weakening of existing regimes and the search by a growing number of states to acquire or extend their nuclear capacities have contributed to shape recent developments. This paper analyses how Portugal’s foreign policy orientations, grounded on its Euro-Atlantic identity with a global vocation and a colonial past, matter in defining its nuclear policies. We argue that while processes of ‘Europeanisation’ and ‘NATO-isation’ explain their adoption, Portuguese nuclear policies are better explained by the country’s broader multilateralist approach to security.
Effect of neutral interactions on parallel transport and blob dynamics in gyrokinetic scrape-off layer simulations
Authors: Bernard T. N. , Halpern F. D. , Francisquez M. , Juno J. , Mandell N. R. , Hammett G. W. , Hakim A. , Humble E. , Mukherjee R.
Published: November 2023

The effect of neutral interactions on scrape-off layer (SOL) turbulence is investigated in a continuum gyrokinetic code that has been coupled to a continuum kinetic model of neutral transport. This extends the work of a previous paper [T. N. Bernard et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 052501 (2022)], which compared two NSTX SOL simulations in simple helical geometry, one with neutrals and one without. The former included electron-impact ionization, charge exchange, and wall recycling. Here, the case with neutrals is compared to a gyrokinetic-only simulation that includes an effective ionization source to separate the effect of sourcing from charge exchange collisions. It is observed that sourcing accounts for many features of the simulated SOL with neutrals, including density and temperature magnitudes and reduced normalized density fluctuations, but differences persist. In particular, a flatter density profile results due to changes in parallel transport when neutral collisions are included, illustrating the importance of neutral drag on global plasma properties. An analysis of coherent turbulent structures, or blobs, in these simulations demonstrates the case with neutrals has slower and larger blobs. A series of seeded blob simulations corroborates the blob velocity observation. In general, the blob motion does not contribute significantly to radial transport in these simulations.
A method for calculating the radiation characteristics of nonequilibrium laboratory plasmas
Authors: Oreshkin V. I. , Oreshkin E. V. , Shmelev D. L.
Published: November 2023

One of the fundamentally important issues in the characterization of a dense high-temperature plasma is the description of its self-radiation aimed at determining the radiation losses and their spectral composition. In this paper, a new method is proposed for calculating the radiation characteristics of a high-temperature nonequilibrium plasma. The method is based on a collisional radiative model, which makes it possible to calculate the charge-state distribution in the plasma and the excited-state distribution of the plasma ions. The transfer equations are solved separately for the radiation with a continuous spectrum, combining the bremsstrahlung and recombination radiation spectra, and for the spectral line radiation. A feature of the method is that, when calculating the mean line absorption coefficients, dimensionless weighting coefficients are used, which make it possible to take into account the contribution of the strongest lines. The use of weighting coefficients has the result that even a one-group approximation yields good agreement with the numerical solution of the complete spectral problem.
Improving Savonius turbine efficiency with splitter and barrier cylinder deflector design: A Taguchi method study
Authors: Mahizam Mohamad Hafizul Fikri , Chang Wei Shyang , Fatahian Esmaeel , Ismail Farzad , Ishak Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz
Published: November 2023

Vertical axis wind turbines are wind turbines with the rotor axis perpendicular to the ground, designed to harness wind energy for electricity generation. The primary cause of low-efficiency Savonius turbines is the negative torque contribution from the returning blade. A Savonius turbine is a type of turbine characterized by its rotational direction orthogonal to the passing fluid flow and the flow interaction with advancing and returning blades, generating torque primarily through drag forces. Thus, the study proposes a novel design of a cylindrical deflector with splitters and a barrier to offset the flow field to the returning blades. This study aims to maximize the efficiency of conventional Savonius turbines using the cylindrical deflector with splitters and a barrier via a combination of computational fluid dynamics simulations and the Taguchi optimization method. The Taguchi method is used to determine the best combination of specified characteristics such as the length of the barrier (Ls/D), the barrier attachment angle (α), and the geometric shape of the cylinder deflector with a splitter and a barrier. The tip speed ratio (λ) for this study is fixed at λ = 1. The simulations and additive model revealed that the optimal combination in this study is a cylinder deflector with double wake splitters positioned at the top and middle of the deflector. The deflector is oriented parallel to the flow, and a barrier placed at the bottom of the deflector is oriented orthogonal to the flow. The optimal configuration has Ls/D ratio of 0.9 and a barrier attachment angle (α) of 10°. Therefore, the ideal combination was found to produce a power coefficient equivalent to 0.459, indicating that the performance of Savonius turbines increases by around 61% compared to previous studies.
Measurement of gravitational and thermal effects in a liquid-actuated torsion pendulum
Authors: Allocca Annalisa , Bassan Massimo , De Laurentis Martina , De Rosa Rosario , Di Fiore Luciano , D’Onofrio Luca , Errico Luciano , Garufi Fabio , Grado Aniello , Hoyle C. D. , Lucchesi David , Minenkov Yury , Passeggio Giuseppe , Pucacco Giuseppe , Sequino Valeria , Tarallo Oreste , Trozzo Lucia , Visco Massimo
Published: November 2023

We describe a proof-of-principle experiment aiming to investigate the inverse-square law of gravitation at the centimeter scale. The sensor is a two-stage torsion pendulum, while actuation is accomplished by a variable liquid mass. The time-varying gravitational force is related to the level of the circulating fluid in one or two containers at a short distance from the test mass, with all moving mechanical parts positioned at a large distance. We provide a description of the apparatus and present the first results. We identified a systematic effect of thermal origin, producing offsets of few fNm in torque and of about 10 pN in force. When this effect is neutralized, the measurements agree well with the predictions of simulations. We also discuss the upcoming instrument upgradations and the expected sensitivity improvement that will allow us to perform measurements with adequate accuracy to investigate the unexplored regions of the α−λ parameter space of a Yukawa-like deviation from the Newtonian potential.
Measurement of argon excimers, Ar2*, in a cold atmospheric plasma jet using cavity ringdown spectroscopy
Authors: Nave A. S. C. , Wubs J. R. , van Helden J. H.
Published: November 2023

The argon excimer (Ar2*) species is considered to play an important role in the chemistry of cold atmospheric plasma jets, notably in the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In the present work, we demonstrate that cavity ringdown spectroscopy can be used to detect and quantitatively measure Ar2* in the effluent of a cold atmospheric plasma jet, the so-called kINPen-Sci. The spectroscopic features of the 5p π3Πg ← a3Σu+Δν = 0 and 7p σ3Σg+ ← a3Σu+ (ν′ - ν″) systems were clearly identified allowing unambiguous assignment to the Ar2* species. A predominant absorption feature at 512 nm was used to determine the integrated density along the axis perpendicular to the gas flow. Assuming a homogeneous density distribution in the kINPen-Sci effluent, Ar2* densities from 1.8 × 1011 molecule · cm−3 at 0 mm to 1.3 × 1010 molecule · cm−3 at 4.2 mm below the nozzle tip were determined.
The effects of hydrodynamic interactions on the swimming velocity and stability of a swarm of microswimmers
Authors: Córdoba Andrés , Schieber Jay D.
Published: November 2023

The dynamics and stability of a swarm of microswimmers is examined here using a thermodynamically compliant microswimmer model. The theory presented in this work is a mean-field model in which the swarm is considered to be a uniform solution of swimmers that are moving, on average, in the same direction. The hydrodynamic interaction between swimmers is modeled accurately assuming a crystalline arrangement to the swarm. A swimmer in the swarm can swim up to 12 times faster than when alone in an infinite sea, when the volume fraction of swimmers in the swarm is about 0.14. Moreover, we have also studied the stability of the swarm around a uniform crystalline arrangement by calculating the hydrodynamic torques generated by the swarm as a function of the volume fraction of swimmers. The predictions presented here agree with recent multiparticle simulations that have shown that hydrodynamic torques have a stabilizing effect in swarms of pullers while swarms of pushers are generally destabilized by hydrodynamic interactions. The thermodynamically admissible coupling between the swimmer's motion and fuel consumption allows us to study the full dynamics instead of artificially constrained steady-states only. By accounting for fuel consumption and high order hydrodynamic interactions, we are able to examine the swarm's stability as functions of fuel concentration and the volume fraction of swimmers. We find that at high concentrations of fuel, swarms of pullers are stabilized by hydrodynamic torques for volume fractions of swimmers as low as 0.02 but at lower volume fractions Brownian forces make the swarm unstable.