bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear combinations of the telegraph random processes driven by partial differential equations
Authors: Kolesnik Alexander D.
Published: April 2017

Consider [Formula: see text] independent Goldstein–Kac telegraph processes [Formula: see text] on the real line [Formula: see text]. Each process [Formula: see text] describes a stochastic motion at constant finite speed [Formula: see text] of a particle that, at the initial time instant [Formula: see text], starts from some initial point [Formula: see text] and whose evolution is controlled by a homogeneous Poisson process [Formula: see text] of rate [Formula: see text]. The governing Poisson processes [Formula: see text] are supposed to be independent as well. Consider the linear combination of the processes [Formula: see text] defined by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are arbitrary real nonzero constant coefficients.

We obtain a hyperbolic system of [Formula: see text] first-order partial differential equations for the joint probability densities of the process [Formula: see text] and of the directions of motions at arbitrary time [Formula: see text]. From this system we derive a partial differential equation of order [Formula: see text] for the transition density of [Formula: see text] in the form of a determinant of a block matrix whose elements are the differential operators with constant coefficients. Initial-value problems for the transition densities of the sum and difference [Formula: see text] of two independent telegraph processes with arbitrary parameters, are also posed.
Importance Sampling for Credit Portfolio Risk with Risk Factors Having t-Copula
Authors: Chen Rongda , Wang Ze , Yu Lean
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes an efficient simulation method for calculating credit portfolio risk when risk factors have a heavy-tailed distributions. In modeling heavy tails, its features of return on underlying asset are captured by multivariate [Formula: see text]-Copula. Moreover, we develop a three-step importance sampling (IS) procedure in the [Formula: see text]-copula credit portfolio risk measure model for further variance reduction. Simultaneously, we apply the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm associated with nonlinear optimization technique to solve the problem that estimates the mean-shift vector of the systematic risk factors after the probability measure change. Numerical results show that those methods developed in the [Formula: see text]-copula model can produce large variance reduction relative to the plain Monte Carlo method, to estimate more accurately tail probability of credit portfolio loss distribution.
Probability comprehension of differential privacy for privacy protection algorithms: A new measure
Authors: Nie Weilin , Wang Cheng
Published: April 2017

Differential privacy becomes a standard for evaluating the privacy protection performance for an algorithm these years. However, the definition of differential privacy seems not so easy to understand as the classical k-anonymity and etc. In this paper, we propose a new measure which is more comprehensible. Some properties of such measure are investigated and the relationship between our new definition and differential privacy is studied.
Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and anisotropy effects on the tripartite quantum discord of Heisenberg XY model
Authors: Joyia Wajid , Khan Khalid
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we address the tripartite quantum discord for the Heisenberg XY chain with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction using the quantum renormalization-group (QRG) method. In thermodynamic limit, like the entanglement, the tripartite discord exhibits the quantum phase transition (QPT) between the spin-fluid and the Neel phases. The effect of the DM interaction and the anisotropy on the features of the tripartite quantum discord has been probed. It is noted that the DM interaction brings the critical point earlier and affects heavily with the size of the system. Moreover, the system requires a larger number of the iterations to achieve the QPT for the tripartite quantum discord as compared to the entanglement.
Human-Like Motion Planning for a 4-DOF Anthropomorphic Arm Based on Arm’s Inherent Characteristics
Authors: Xu Hongcheng , Ding Xilun
Published: April 2017

Human-likeness of an anthropomorphic arm is mainly exhibited by the main arm consisting of shoulder and elbow joints as well as upper arm and forearm. In this paper, we focus on a 4-DOF anthropomorphic arm and propose a novel approach to generate human-like motion, considering human physiological and psychological factors. According to the features of musculoskeletal system of human upper limb, the 3-DOF shoulder joint is simplified with two rotations: one is about a fixed axis through shoulder center and the other is about the axis of humerus. In addition with elbow joint and a special rotation about the shoulder-wrist line, they constitute the basic motion primitives (MPs) which are macroscopic compared with the joint space but microscopic compared with the Cartesian space. Therefore, planning motion based on MPs combines intuitiveness and flexibility. Two basic kinds of motion planning, point-to-point motion planning and linear trajectory planning, are conducted. The different psychological concerns, i.e., predicting the next step of configuration and relieving the brain burden, are taken into account. Simulations are performed to verify the feasibility and validation of the proposed approach. Comparisons between simulation results with the proposed method and that with traditional joint and Cartesian space methods prove the improvement in human-likeness.
The Emergence of Innovative Entrepreneurship: Beyond the Intention — Investigating the Participants in an Academic SUC
Authors: Passaro Renato , Scandurra Giuseppe , Thomas Antonio
Published: April 2017

To stem the increasing competitiveness of many newcomer countries, managerial and business literature underlines the necessity to favor entrepreneurship in high tech and innovative sectors. From this perspective, an increasingly important role in the generation of innovative entrepreneurship is carried out by the universities, which are natural incubators of borderline and cutting-edge technologies. With this in mind, the present study explores the entrepreneurial intention among a population of academics participating at a start-up competition (SUC) that view entrepreneurship as an opportunity-driven choice to give value to their researches. Two variables affecting the entrepreneurial intention among these participants are specifically examined: the perception of external environment and the perception of subjective competencies. To test the intention, the paper refers to the widespread Theory of Planned Behaviour, currently recognised as one of the most influential theoretical model.

The results of the present research show that the considered variables have a strong effect on intent through entrepreneurial attitudes and personal behaviour control. Consistently with other leading articles, the findings confirm the importance of the external environment and knowledge in favouring or discouraging the entrepreneurial choice even among academics participating at the SUC.
How do Knowledge and Innovation Work within Organizations: The Situationist View of the Firm (SVF)
Authors: Calabrese Giuseppe , Mastroberardino Piero
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes a different idea of knowledge management (KM) and an alternative path to understand innovation processes within the organizations. We compared two paradigms of the firm. On one hand, the Unified Approach, widely dominant in management studies, reifies the firm and interprets it as a collective entity, a pre-determined system with respect to the actors. On the other hand, the Situationist View defines the firm as a concrete system built by the actors and qualifies it as a space of games, interactions, negotiations and conflicts among actors and their coalitions. Our purpose is to contribute to enrich the scientific debate on innovation management through different concepts — power, coalitional dynamics and institutional pressures — until now in shadow, if not absent at all.
Functional equations with division and regular operations
Authors: Davidov Sergey , Krapež Aleksandar , Movsisyan Yuri
Published: April 2017

Functional equations are equations in which the unknown (or unknowns) are functions. We consider equations of generalized associativity, mediality (bisymmetry, entropy), paramediality, transitivity as well as the generalized Kolmogoroff equation. Their usefulness was proved in applications both in mathematics and in other disciplines, particularly in economics and social sciences (see J. Aczél, On mean values, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (1948) 392–400; J. Aczél, Remarques algebriques sur la solution donner par M. Frechet a l’equation de Kolmogoroff, Pupl. Math. Debrecen 4 (1955) 33–42; J. Aczél, A Short Course on Functional Equations Based Upon Recent Applications to the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Theory and decision library, Series B: Mathematical and statistical methods (D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo, 1987); J. Aczél, Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications (Supplemented by the author, ed. H. Oser) (Dover Publications, Mineola, New York, 2006); J. Aczél, V. D. Belousov and M. Hosszu, Generalized associativity and bisymmetry on quasigroups, Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 11 (1960) 127–136; J. Aczél and J. Dhombres, Functional Equations in Several Variables (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1991); J. Aczél and T. L. Saaty, Procedures for synthesizing ratio judgements, J. Math. Psych. 27(1) (1983) 93–102). We use unifying approach to solve these equations for division and regular operations generalizing the classical quasigroup case.
Twin signed total Roman domination numbers in digraphs
Authors: Amjadi J. , Soroudi M.
Published: April 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite simple digraph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and arc set [Formula: see text]. A twin signed total Roman dominating function (TSTRDF) on the digraph [Formula: see text] is a function [Formula: see text] satisfying the conditions that (i) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] (respectively [Formula: see text]) consists of all in-neighbors (respectively out-neighbors) of [Formula: see text], and (ii) every vertex [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] has an in-neighbor [Formula: see text] and an out-neighbor [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The weight of an TSTRDF [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. The twin signed total Roman domination number [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is the minimum weight of an TSTRDF on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we initiate the study of twin signed total Roman domination in digraphs and we present some sharp bounds on [Formula: see text]. In addition, we determine the twin signed Roman domination number of some classes of digraphs.
Counter examples to a conjecture concerning harmonic index
Authors: Ali Akbar
Published: April 2017

A recently proposed conjecture by Cheng and Wang [A lower bound for the harmonic index of a graph with minimum degree at least three, Filomat 30(8) (2016) 2249–2260] about the harmonic index is disproved.
Modular group algebras of Lie nilpotency index 8p − 6
Authors: Sahai Meena , Sharan Bhagwat
Published: April 2017

For a group algebra [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text] of characteristic [Formula: see text], it is well known that [Formula: see text] is the minimal upper as well as the minimal lower Lie nilpotency index. Group algebras of upper Lie nilpotency index upto [Formula: see text] have already been characterized completely. In this paper, we classify the modular group algebra [Formula: see text] having upper Lie nilpotency index [Formula: see text] which is the possible next higher Lie nilpotency index.
Symmetry analysis and some new exact solutions of some nonlinear KdV-like equations
Authors: Abdel Kader A. H. , Abdel Latif M. S. , El Bialy F. , Elsaid A.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we obtained some new exact solutions of some nonlinear KdV-like equations using Lie point symmetry and [Formula: see text]-symmetry methods. The obtained solutions are in the form of doubly periodic, bright and dark soliton solutions.
Reduced graphene oxide encapsulated Cu2O with controlled crystallographic facets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Wu Guosong , Shen Qiuping , Yu Houlin , Zhao Tingyu , Lu Congda , Liu Aiping
Published: April 2017

The Cu2O/reduced graphene oxide (Cu2O/rGO) composites with effective crystallographic facet controlling of Cu2O crystals were fabricated through a simple one-step wet chemistry method. The crystallographic facet-dependent photocatalytic performance of Cu2O was confirmed, favoring the cuboctahedral Cu2O with {100} and {111} facets and a better photocatalytic activity when compared to cubic and octahedral ones. This was attributed to the slight difference of surface energy between {100} and {111} facets which served as a driving force to promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Moreover, the introduction of two-dimensional rGO sheets could accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Cu2O to rGO, which further promoted the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation. The cuboctahedral Cu2O/rGO composite exhibited a superb photocatalytic performance with the degradation percentage of MO about 97.6% after one periodic photocatalysis due to the synergistic effect of cuboctahedral Cu2O and rGO sheets, foreboding its potential application as photocatalyst.
Synthesis, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe2CoAl nanofibers
Authors: Li Yunhong , Kou Xinli , Hou Ning
Published: April 2017

In this work, Fe2CoAl Heusler alloy nanofibers were first synthesized via an electrospinning method. It was found that the crystal structure, fiber diameter and magnetic properties of the samples varied with the metal salt concentration in the precursor solution. Magnetic measurement reveals that the obtained Fe2CoAl nanofibers exhibit ferromagnetic with a high Curie temperature and large coercivity. The saturation magnetic moment of the Fe2CoAl nanofibers at 5[Formula: see text]K is estimated to be 4.5–5.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. The Fe2CoAl nanofibers synthesized using the low-cost electrospinning method in our work are magnetically superior and economically feasible for technological applications.
Photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 deposited on SrTiO3 buffered n-GaAs by laser molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Zhou Yunxia , Zhu Jun , Liu Xingpeng , Wu Zhipeng
Published: April 2017

Ferroelectric Pb(Zr[Formula: see text],Ti[Formula: see text]O3(PZT) thin film was grown on [Formula: see text]-type GaAs (001) substrate with SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layer by laser molecular beam epitaxy (L-MBE). The epitaxial process of the STO was in situ monitored by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The crystallographical growth orientation relationship was revealed to be (002) [Formula: see text] PZT//(002) [Formula: see text] STO//(001) [Formula: see text] GaAs by RHEED and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that a small lattice mismatch between PZT and GaAs with a 45[Formula: see text] in-plane rotation relationship can be formed by inserting of a buffer layer STO. Besides, the enhanced electrical properties of the heterostructure were obtained with the short-circuit photocurrent increased to 52[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 and the better power conversation efficiency increased by 20% under AM1.5[Formula: see text]G (100[Formula: see text]mW/cm[Formula: see text] illumination. The work could provide a way for the application of this kind of heterostructure with high photocurrent response in optoelectronic thin film devices.
Performance of banking industry in Bangladesh: Insights of CAMEL rating
Authors: Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed
Published: April 2017

This study attempts primarily to measure the financial performance of banking industry of Bangladesh for the periods 2013–2014 and to rate them according to the composite rating system. For this purpose, 10 private commercial banks (PCBs) have been selected from 38 PCBs. CAMEL has critically analyzed the financial performance of these banks. This finds that most of the banks get 2.14 with an average rating of composite range, where only Eastern Bank Ltd. gets “Strong” rating, seven PCBs get “Satisfactory” rating, AB Bank Ltd. and City Bank Ltd. lay middle of the range of composite score. From this ground, it is clearly reflected that most of the PCBs in Bangladesh have performed quite satisfactorily in recent years. The performance of most banks is dependent more on the managerial ability in formulating strategic plans and the efficient implementation of its strategies. Maintenance of asset quality is the major challenge in this year and is feared to remain so in 2014. The banking sector in Bangladesh has passed somewhat an average year regarding governance, profitability and soundness in 2013. Finally, it is recommended that the banks should be more careful to ensure the quality of assets and its uses, and increased their efficiency in managerial grids.
Prediction of Malaysian–Indonesian Oil Production and Consumption Using Fuzzy Time Series Model
Authors: Efendi Riswan , Deris Mustafa Mat
Published: April 2017

Fuzzy time series has been implemented for data prediction in the various sectors, such as education, finance-economic, energy, traffic accident, others. Moreover, many proposed models have been presented to improve the forecasting accuracy. However, the interval-length adjustment and the out-sample forecast procedure are still issues in fuzzy time series forecasting, where both issues are yet clearly investigated in the previous studies. In this paper, a new adjustment of the interval-length and the partition number of the data set is proposed. Additionally, the determining of the out-sample forecast is also discussed. The yearly oil production (OP) and oil consumption (OC) of Malaysia and Indonesia from 1965 to 2012 are examined to evaluate the performance of fuzzy time series and the probabilistic time series models. The result indicates that the fuzzy time series model is better than the probabilistic models, such as regression time series, exponential smoothing in terms of the forecasting accuracy. This paper thus highlights the effect of the proposed interval length in reducing the forecasting error significantly, as well as the main differences between the fuzzy and probabilistic time series models.
Increased Visfatin Expression Is Associated with Nuclear Factor-κB in Obese Ovalbumin-Sensitized Male Wistar Rat Tracheae
Authors: Aslani Mohammad Reza , Keyhanmanesh Rana , Alipour Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2017

Objective: To investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and visfatin messenger RNA in male Wistar rats' tracheae after sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5 for each group), which included a control group fed a normal diet (ND) and groups fed normal diet, OVA-sensitized (S+ND); high-fat diet (HFD) only (diet-induced obesity); and high-fat diet, OVA-sensitized (S+HFD). All animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard chow or a high-fat diet, and then were sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks as per the above groups. The rats were anesthetized, after which the necks were exposed and the tracheae isolated and examined for expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin mRNA with the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Data were compared between the different groups using one-way analysis of variance. Results: The expression level of NF-κB mRNA in the S+HFD group was 2.67, which was statistically higher than the levels in the ND (0.96; p = 0.001), S+ND (1.86; p = 0.05), and HFD (1.26; p = 0.001) groups. Also, the visfatin mRNA expression level in the S+HFD group was 4.21, which was higher than the levels in the ND (0.92), S+ND (1.79), and HFD (2.20) (p = 0.001) groups. Conclusion: In this study, the expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin were markedly higher in the S+HFD group in comparison to the other groups. These findings indicate that alternative signaling pathways might be activated in diet-induced obesity associated with the OVA-sensitized animal model and could be responsible for possible altered sensitization phenotype.
Feminilidade e suas imagens em mídias digitais: questões para pensar gênero e visualidade no século XXI
Authors: Rossi Túlio Cunha
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta reflexões teórico-metodológicas sobre possíveis abordagens sociológicas de imagens de feminilidade recorrentes na publicidade e em mídias digitais que circulam em redes sociais na internet. Problematizam-se as abordagens mais corriqueiras de imagens publicitárias do gênero feminino e sua relação com a noção de “representação” geralmente contraposta à “realidade”. Propõe-se uma abordagem diferenciada, que supere essa dicotomia e leve em conta o contexto atual de circulação de imagens em mídias digitais e novas tecnologias de comunicação, bem como as potenciais contribuições destas para constituir performances e referências identitárias de gênero.
O agente econômico e suas relações: identificando concorrentes na política antitruste
Authors: Onto Gustavo Gomes
Published: April 2017

Baseado em uma etnografia realizada no órgão governamental de defesa da concorrência do Brasil, o Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), este artigo explica a necessidade de se identificar agentes concorrentes na análise empreendida pela autarquia e descreve como essa identificação foi realizada em uma recente aquisição empresarial no setor de educação superior privada. Essa prática de identificação, comum nos casos antitruste de “atos de concentração”, como fusões ou aquisições empresariais, tem se tornado mais complexa devido à maior financeirização da economia, pois diversas empresas estão interconectadas por meio de uma rede nem sempre explícita de relações de propriedade e/ou controle empresariais, que inclui pessoais físicas e jurídicas. O artigo descreve alguns procedimentos de investigação utilizados para visualizar econceber um concorrente de mercado nesse novo contexto. Pretende-se, com essa descrição, demonstrar o modo como certas práticas governamentais de conhecimento – neste caso, relativas à regulação legal da concorrência – produzem agentes econômicos, indicando a existência de uma diversidade, nem sempre considerada na sociologia ou antropologia, de formas de agenciamento que perpassam e formatam a vida econômica.
Conversões da dívida entre os Yawanawá: um modelo de análise dos fundamentos culturais, sociais e políticos da troca
Authors: Vereta-Nahoum André
Published: April 2017

Este texto procura demonstrar que a noção de conversões da dívida é útil para revelar os enredamentos do dinheiro, das mercadorias e das transações mercantis em uma teia de obrigações políticas, culturais e sociais. Para tanto, mobiliza material coletado durante trabalho de campo para analisar dois pares de conversão da dívida em que circulam bens e dinheiro entre os Yawanawá, uma população nativa do sudoeste amazônico. Nessas conversões, dívidas oriundas de relações políticas, assim como serviços relacionados com rituais e curas, geram prestações sob a forma de dinheiro, bens e serviços. Analisando as conversões da dívida entre os Yawanawá, o texto demonstra que dinheiro e bens são domesticados, colocados a serviço de obrigações políticas, culturais e sociais e não corroem princípios da sociabilidade ou da reprodução cultural, ainda quehaja um constante esforço para manter a orientação dessas transações em objetivos comunitários.
Intermediários e as novas configurações no tecido organizacional brasileiro: um estudo sobre as organizações sociais de saúde.
Authors: Donadone Julio Cesar , Baggenstoss Salli
Published: April 2017

O artigo pretende discutir o surgimento e a configuração da intermediação, tomando como ponto de partida as transformações dos espaços organizacionais. Para tanto, utiliza como objeto de pesquisa a figura das organizações sociais de saúde, responsáveis por uma parte significativa dos hospitais estaduais em São Paulo. Enfatiza-se a reconfiguração do hospital causada pelas novas estratégias de gerenciamento provindas da intermediação que se estabelece, na saúde, entre o Estado e as organizações sociais. Assim, busca-se contribuir para a caracterização das formas de atuação e configuração dos intermediários no espaço social brasileiro
A negociação da Intimidade, dez anos depois. Entrevista com Viviana Zelizer
Authors: Vereta-Nahoum André , Guimarães Nadya Araujo , Neiburg Federico , Freire-Medeiros Bianca
Published: April 2017

Entrevista com Viviana Zelizer sobre a produção do livro The Purchase of Intimacy
Glosando a bibliografia sobre Vilanova Artigas
Authors: Vázquez Ramos Fernando Guillermo
Published: April 2017

Dentro das comemorações do centenário de nascimento de João Batista Vilanova Artigas, este artigo faz uma aproximação descritiva e comparativa das publicações sobre o arquiteto desde os anos de sua atividade profissional até seu falecimento, em 1985, e até nossos dias. Pretendemos não só documentar esse material da forma mais exaustiva possível, mas também avaliar seu peso e sua significação face à importância que penamos tem hoje um dos principais arquitetos brasileiros do século XX.
Cidade ausente: interdisciplinaridade de um sentimento urbano entre a música e a migração brasileira
Authors: Leonelli Gisela Cunha Viana , Baldam Rafael
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa científica onde a música é entendida como representação social dos conflitos vividos na cidade. É proposta uma metodologia transdisciplinar que adota a complementaridade entre o campo de investigação de pesquisas urbanas e o campo de análise musical, pela qual são avaliados dois exemplares da música popular brasileira. Os impactos sociais da migração, trazidos pelos processos de urbanização brasileiros nas décadas de 1960-1970, são os temas tratados nas músicas e identificados pela pesquisa. A análise musical permitiu constatar que as escolhas melódicas e harmônicas definidas pelos compositores intensificam o discurso presente nas letras das músicas e constroem a caracterização do “sentimento urbano” que as canções representam. Como resultado, o artigo demonstra que os estudos sobre os processos urbanos podem ser enriquecidos a partir de abordagens transdisciplinares de investigação.
Treatment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Verma Atul , Kalman Jonathan M. , Callans David J.
Published: April 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) frequently coexist, and each complicates the course and treatment of the other. Recent population-based studies have demonstrated that the 2 conditions together increase the risk of stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality, especially soon after the clinical onset of AF. Guideline-directed pharmacological therapy for HFrEF is important; however, although there are various treatment modalities for AF, there is no clear consensus on how best to treat AF with concomitant HFrEF. This in-depth review discusses the available data for the treatment of AF in the setting of HFrEF, focuses on areas where more investigation is necessary, examines the clinical implications of randomized and observational clinical trials, and presents suggestions for individualized treatment strategies for specific patient groups.
A MODIS-Derived Value-Added Climatology of Maritime Cloud Liquid Water Path That Conserves Solar Reflectance
Authors: Gumber Amanda , Foster Michael J.
Published: April 2017

A dataset is generated from a method to retrieve distributions of cloud liquid water path over partially cloudy scenes. The method was introduced in a 2011 paper by Foster and coauthors that described the theory and provided test cases. Here it has been applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection-5 and collection-6 cloud products, resulting in a value-added dataset that contains adjusted distributions of cloud liquid water path for more than 10 years for marine liquid cloud for both Aqua and Terra. This method adjusts horizontal distributions of cloud optical properties to be more consistent with observed visible reflectance and is especially useful in areas where cloud optical retrievals fail or are considered to be of low quality. Potential uses of this dataset include validation of climate and radiative transfer models and facilitation of studies that intercompare satellite records. Results show that the fit method is able to reduce bias between observed visible reflectance and that derived from optical retrievals by up to an average improvement of 3%. The level of improvement is dependent on several factors, including seasonality, viewing geometry, cloud fraction, and cloud heterogeneity. Applications of this dataset are explored through a satellite intercomparison with PATMOS-x and Global Change Observation Mission–First Water (GCOM-W1; “SHIZUKU”) AMSR-2 and use of a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. From the 3D Monte Carlo model simulations, albedo biases are found when the method is applied, with seasonal averages that range over 0.02–0.06.
Effect of Soil Moisture on Diurnal Convection and Precipitation in Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Cioni Guido , Hohenegger Cathy
Published: April 2017

A determination of the sign and magnitude of the soil moisture–precipitation feedback relies either on observations, where synoptic variability is difficult to isolate, or on model simulations, which suffer from biases mainly related to poorly resolved convection. In this study, a large-eddy simulation model with a resolution of 250 m is coupled to a land surface model and several idealized experiments mimicking the full diurnal cycle of convection are performed, starting from different spatially homogeneous soil moisture conditions. The goal is to determine under which conditions drier soils may produce more precipitation than wetter ones. The methodology of previous conceptual studies that have quantified the likelihood of convection to be triggered over wet or dry soils is followed but includes the production of precipitation. Although convection can be triggered earlier over dry soils than over wet soils under certain atmospheric conditions, total precipitation is found to always decrease over dry soils. By splitting the total precipitation into its magnitude and duration component, it is found that the magnitude strongly correlates with surface latent heat flux, hence implying a wet soil advantage. Because of this strong scaling, changes in precipitation duration caused by differences in convection triggering are not able to overcompensate for the lack of evaporation over dry soils. These results are further validated using two additional atmospheric soundings and a series of perturbed experiments that consider cloud radiative effects, as well as the effect of large-scale forcing, winds, and plants on the soil moisture–precipitation coupling.
Influence of Stokes Drift Decay Scale on Langmuir Turbulence
Authors: Kukulka Tobias , Harcourt Ramsey R.
Published: April 2017

Accurately scaling Langmuir turbulence (LT) in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) is critical for improving ocean, weather, and climate models. The physical processes by which the structure of LT depends on surface waves’ Stokes drift decay length scale are examined. An idealized model for OSBL turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) provides a conceptual framework with three physical processes: TKE transport, dissipation, and production by the Craik–Leibovich (CL) vortex force (VF) associated with the Stokes drift shear. TKE profiles depend on OSBL depth h, surface roughness length z0, and wavenumber k through the nondimensional parameters kh and kz0. These parameters determine the rate and length scale for the dissipation of TKE produced by the CL-VF. For kz0 ≫ 1, TKE input by the CL-VF is governed by a surface flux with TKE rapidly decaying with depth. Only for kz0 < 1 can TKE penetrate deeper into the OSBL, with the TKE penetration depth controlled by kh. Turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation results support this conceptual framework and indicate that the dominant Langmuir cell size scales with (kh)−1. Within the depth of dominant Langmuir cells, TKE dissipation is approximately balanced by CL-VF production. Shorter waves contribute less to deeper vertical velocity variance 〈w2〉 because the CL-VF is less effective in generating larger-scale LT. Depth-averaged 〈w2〉 scales with a modified Langmuir number Laϕ = (u*/usϕ)1/2, where u* denotes the water-side surface friction velocity and usϕ is a depth-integrated weighted Stokes drift shear or, equivalently, a spectrally filtered surface Stokes drift.
Observations of Infrared Sea Surface Temperature and Air–Sea Interaction in Hurricane Edouard (2014) Using GPS Dropsondes
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Cione Joseph J. , Kalina Evan A. , Uhlhorn Eric W. , Hock Terry , Smith Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2017

This study highlights infrared sensor technology incorporated into the global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde platforms to obtain sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. This modified sonde (IRsonde) is used to improve understanding of air–sea interaction in tropical cyclones (TCs). As part of the Sandy Supplemental Program, IRsondes were constructed and then deployed during the 2014 hurricane season. Comparisons between SSTs measured by collocated IRsondes and ocean expendables show good agreement, especially in regions with no rain contamination. Surface fluxes were estimated using measurements from the IRsondes and AXBTs via a bulk method that requires measurements of SST and near-surface (10 m) wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The evolution of surface fluxes and their role in the intensification and weakening of Hurricane Edouard (2014) are discussed in the context of boundary layer recovery. The study’s result emphasizes the important role of surface flux–induced boundary layer recovery in regulating the low-level thermodynamic structure that is tied to the asymmetry of convection and TC intensity change.
Comic Agonism in the 2016 Campaign: A Study of Iowa Caucus Rallies
Authors: Warner Benjamin R. , Galarza Rocío , Coker Calvin R. , Tschirhart Philip , Hoeun Sopheak , Jennings Freddie J. , McKinney Mitchell S.
Published: April 2017

In this study, we assess the extent to which attending a candidate rally was associated with distrust of democratic institutions, epistemic rigidity, attribution of malevolent intentions to the political outgroup, and acceptance of political violence. Surveys ( N = 251) were distributed at rallies the night before and day of the 2016 Iowa Caucuses. Results suggest that attendees of rallies for Bernie Sanders or Donald Trump were more likely to distrust democracy relative to attendees of a Hillary Clinton or Ted Cruz rally. Findings also suggest that mistrust of democracy was associated with greater attribution of malevolence and acceptance of political violence. Attending a Sanders or Trump rally was indirectly associated with attribution of malevolence and acceptance of political violence through democratic mistrust.
Mechanobehavioral Scores in Women with and without TMJ Disc Displacement
Authors: Iwasaki L.R. , Gonzalez Y.M. , Liu Y. , Liu H. , Markova M. , Gallo L.M. , Nickel J.C.
Published: April 2017

Cartilage fatigue may be a factor in the precocious development of degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This cross-sectional study estimated potential for cartilage fatigue via TMJ energy densities (ED) and jaw muscle duty factors (DF), which were combined to calculate mechanobehavioral scores (MBS) in women with (+) and without (–) bilateral TMJ disc displacement (DD). All subjects gave informed consent to participate and were examined using Diagnostic Criteria (DC) for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images. Forty-seven subjects were categorized into +DD ( n = 29) and –DD ( n = 18) groups. Dynamic stereometry (MR images combined with jaw-tracking data) characterized individual-specific data of TMJ stress-field mechanics to determine ED (ED = W/ Q mJ/mm3, where W = work done, Q = volume of cartilage) during 10 symmetrical jaw-closing cycles with a 20-N mandibular right canine load. Subjects were trained to record masseter and temporalis electromyography over 3 days and 3 nights. Root mean square electromyography/bite-force calibrations determined subject-specific masseter and temporalis muscle activities per 20-N bite-force (T20 N, µV), which defined thresholds. Muscle DF (DF = % duration of muscle activity/total recording time) were determined for a range of thresholds, and MBS (ED2 × DF) were calculated. Intergroup differences in ED, DF, and MBS were assessed via analyses of variance with Bonferroni and Tukey honest significant difference post hoc tests. Average ED for contralateral TMJs was significantly larger ( P = 0.012) by 1.4-fold in +DD compared to –DD subjects. Average DF were significantly larger (all P < 0.01) for +DD compared to –DD subjects by 1.7-, 2.5-, and 1.9-fold for day, night, and overall, respectively. Daytime MBS were significantly larger (all P < 0.04) by up to 8.5-fold in +DD compared to –DD subjects. Significantly larger ED, DF, and MBS were shown in women with compared to women without bilateral TMJ DD.
Leveraging Stem Cell Homing for Therapeutic Regeneration
Authors: Yin Y. , Li X. , He X.T. , Wu R.X. , Sun H.H. , Chen F.M.
Published: April 2017

Resident stem cell pools in many tissues/organs are responsible not only for tissue maintenance during physiologic turnover but also for the process of wound repair following injury. With inspiration from stem cell trafficking within the body under physiologic and pathologic conditions, recent advances have been made toward inducing stem cell mobilization and directing patients’ own cells to sites of interest for treating a broad spectrum of diseases. An evolving body of work corroborates that delivering guidance cues can mobilize stem cells from the bone marrow and drive these cells toward a specific region. In addition, the transplantation of cell-friendly biomaterials incorporating certain biomolecules has led to the regeneration of lost/damaged tissue without the need for delivering cellular materials manipulated ex vivo. Recently, cell homing has resulted in remarkable biological discoveries in the laboratory as well as great curative successes in preclinical scenarios. Here, we review the biological evidence underlying in vivo cell mobilization and homing with the aim of leveraging endogenous reparative cells for therapeutic applications. Considering both the promise and the obstacles of this approach, we discuss how matrix components of the in vivo milieu can be modified to promote the native regenerative process and inspire future tissue-engineering design.
Geopolitan Democracy in the Anthropocene
Authors: Eckersley Robyn
Published: April 2017

The proposed new epoch of the Anthropocene, whereby humans have become the dominant geological force shaping Earth systems, has attracted considerable interest in the social sciences and humanities but only scant attention from democratic theorists. This inquiry draws out the democratic problems associated with the two opposing narratives on governing the Anthropocene – Earth systems governance and ecomodernism – and juxtaposes them with a more critical narrative that draws out the democratic potential of the Anthropocene as a new source of critique of liberal democracy and a new resource for democratic renewal. While Ulrich Beck welcomed reflexive cosmopolitan democracy (understood as a civil culture of responsibility across borders) as the appropriate response to the world risk society, this narrative develops an account of hyper-reflexive ‘geopolitan democracy’ based on a more radical extension of democratic horizons of space, time, community and agency as the appropriate response to navigating the Anthropocene.
Development of the Brief Social Capital for Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Scale
Authors: Córdova David , Coleman-Minahan Kate , Bull Sheana , Borrayo Evelinn A.
Published: April 2017

Social capital plays an important role in sexual and reproductive health among youth, yet few measures to assess this concept have been developed and tested for this population. We developed and examined the factor structure of the Brief Social Capital for Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Scale. Drawing on the empirical literature, we identified item content to assess an overall construct of social capital in relationship to youth’s sexual and reproductive health, including condom self-efficacy, civic engagement, and adult and community support. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a sample of 200 youth, predominately low-income and ethnic minority in Denver, Colorado. EFA with geomax rotation yielded a three-factor solution. CFA provided an adequate model fit with acceptable standardized factor loadings. This study provides a validated measure for future research to further examine social capital and youth sexual and reproductive health.
Motives, Modes of Participation, and Loyalty Intentions of Facebook Tourism Brand Page Consumers
Authors: Ben-Shaul Michal , Reichel Arie
Published: April 2017

This study examines the relationships between motivations, modes of participation and loyalty intentions of consumers of tourism brand pages on Facebook (TBPF). The study introduces an integrative theoretical and exploratory model that describes the impact of motivation on online consumer behavior (extent of participation and degree of active contribution) and attitudes toward particular brands (repurchase and recommendation intention). A digital survey posted on TBPF elicited 903 responses. Four factors of motives for participation were identified—functional, social-psychological, hedonistic, and incentive motives—with varying levels of importance. Social-psychological motives were the main predictors for “active-participation” in TBPF. There was a positive significant correlation between all the modes of participation and consumers’ loyalty intentions. The findings were significantly different from previous studies of online tourism communities with regard to the impact of social-psychological motives on consumer’s electronic word-of-mouth participation and loyalty intentions. The implications for the theory and marketing management are discussed, as is the study’s contribution to effective marketing management of TBPF.
The Impacts of Private Experience on the Employment of Different Public Job Positions
Authors: Zhang Ping
Published: April 2017

There have been many studies on the differences between the public and private sectors; yet, these studies often do not address differences within the public sector. This article investigates the impacts of the private sector experience on the employment of different categories of public employees: public budgeting and finance (PBF) employees, professionals, and managers. It also compares the different impacts among mixed categories of PBF professionals, non-PBF professionals, PBF managers, and non-PBF managers. The results suggest that the private sector experience increases the likelihood of a public sector employee being in a PBF or professional position, while it decreases the propensity of a public sector employee to be in a managerial position. Moreover, while private sector experience negatively correlates with public employees’ job satisfaction, the results are not significant for PBF employees and professionals, and the negative effects are much higher for non-PBF employees and nonprofessionals.
“We the Tenants”: Resident Organizing in New York City’s Public Housing, 1964-1978
Authors: Juravich Nick
Published: April 2017

In the 1960s, resident organizers in New York City brought demands for jobs, political power, and self-determination into public housing from local freedom struggles. Facing budget shortfalls and political hostility, the city’s Housing Authority built alliances with these activists. The partnership programs they created—the Tenant Patrol and the Residents Advisory Council—engaged thousands of residents in community programming, employment opportunities, and political activism. Resident organizing improved working-class neighborhoods, helped preserve public housing, and connected residents to broader struggles for social and economic justice. This article situates tenant organizing within histories of public housing, social movements, and antipoverty policy, and argues that these efforts helped to sustain and improve the lives of poor and working-class New Yorkers in an era of scarcity.
Taking megalomanias seriously
Authors: Hall John A
Published: April 2017

This article questions the traditional accounts that see nationalism and imperialism as being mutually opposed phenomena. The author engages critically with the influential theories of Ernest Gellner and Andreas Wimmer and argues that the rise of nation-states owes more to the political actions of imperial rulers and less to the behavior of nationalist movements. The essay specifies three mechanisms inside nationalizing empires that matter for nationalism: elite actions, the politicization of minorities and the feelings of those who are politically excluded. In so doing it expands the category of those considered to be nationalist actors. The general idea is that nationalism has a great deal to do with the way empires behave.
The imperial city-state and the national state form
Authors: Halperin Sandra
Published: April 2017

This contribution argues, first, that pre-national forms of state were not displaced or supplanted by a new, national form. What we call the nation-state was not the successor to imperial or city-states but was itself a form of the European imperial city-states that had driven the expansion of capitalism in previous centuries. It argues, second, that national states emerged only after 1945 and only in a handful of states where, through welfare reforms and market and industry regulation, investment and production were made to serve the expansion and integration of national markets. Third, with the dismantling of Keynesian policies in these states, pre-national (pre-Keynesian) structures are resurfacing. What scholars describe as the emergence of ‘post-national spatialities’ and of ‘global cities’ and city regions represents the resurgence of a durable and historically dominant form of state: the imperial city-state form. The ‘re-scaling’ of nation-states and growing prominence of ‘global cities’ and ‘city regions’ are heralding the end of the brief history of actually existing nation-states and the re-deployment of the imperial city-state model.
The foundations of statehood
Authors: Malešević Siniša
Published: April 2017

Conventional historical and popular accounts tend to emphasize sharp polarities between empires and nation-states. While an empire is traditionally associated with conquests, slavery, political inequalities, economic exploitation and the wars of yesteryear, a nation-state is understood to be the only legitimate and viable form of large-scale territorial organization today. This article challenges such interpretations by focusing on the organizational and ideological continuities between the imperial and the nation-state models of social order. In particular, I focus on the role coercive and ideological apparatuses as well as the transformation of micro-solidarities play in the formation of polities over long periods of time. I argue that although empires and nation-states are different ideal types of polity they are highly compatible and as such prone to metamorphosing into each other. More specifically I explore how, when and why specific coercive-organizational, ideological and micro-interactional processes make this periodic historical metamorphosis possible.