bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wpływ nowożytnego antropocentryzmu na relację człowieka do przyrody. Część pierwsza
Authors: Ganowicz-Bączyk Anita
Published: September 2020

Anthropocentrism seems to be a fundamental notion concerning the man-nature relation. The anthropocentric attitude is largely meant to be the main cause of the ecological crisis. One can distinguish at least several stages of the process, which led to this crisis, namely: stage of Magic and Myth, Ancient Times, Middle Ages, and Modern Times. The aim of this article is to show the process of development of an anthropocentric thought in Modern European culture when the culmination of this process is observed. Among the causes of the modern worldview, one can mention e.g. the modern conception of science (worked out mainly by N. Copernicus, G. Galilei, G. Bruno, F. Bacon, I. Newton, R. Descartes), the technology development, as well as social, political and cultural changes. Both, geocentric and theocentric worldview were rejected. The secularization of European societies shifted to man’s attitude not only towards God but also is creation – nature. People began to treat nature as a challenge and material. God-Creator was replaced by man-designer. A new type of anthropocentrism appeared, which tried to find the answer to the fundamental questions in the human being himself. This resulted in the negation of a strict dependence of mankind on nature and in the tendency to subordinate nature to man. The cognition of nature served then as a means for the sake of mankind only. The man was obliged even to dominate nature which was viewed as a complex of mathematical laws, a value-free mechanism determined by laws of nature. Contemporary view on nature and man was influenced also by philosophical views which on the one hand excluded man from nature (I. Kant) and on the other made attempts to restore man to nature (J. J. Rousseau, F. W. J. Schelling).
Nicienie glebowe na polu i odłogu – zagęszczenie i różnorodność
Authors: Ilieva-Makulec Krassimira , Franczak Renata , Makulec Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

The results presented here concern the study, which was carried out in spring 2009 on an arable field and a fallow. The following parameters were analyzed: density, taxonomic composition, trophic and dominance structure of soil nematode communities. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Sørensen’s index of similarity, and Maturity index were also calculated. The results show that the nematode community in the soil of arable field differed from that on the fallow in respect of density and trophic structure. Nematode density was higher in the arable soil than in the fallow. The group of bacterial-feeding nematodes was the most numerous among five trophic groups recorded in the study. The higher density of that group in the arable soil than in the fallow indicates the positive response of bacterial-feeding nematodes to the higher nutrient supply after the manure applying. The results show that in three years of fallow nematode communities became more mature and diverse than in the arable soil. The study confirms the indicative value of some nematode community parameters and indices for the assessment of the varying human intervention and the functional state of the soil.
Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne i zrównoważony rozwój w aspekcie Strategii Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Ciszek Mariusz
Published: September 2020

Ecological threats awaken fear among not only lovers of nature, but also more and more often among politicians and experts concerned with national safety and international problems. This situation can also be encountered in Poland. Ecology, however, is not a priority here, although environment protection and the problems it faces appear in different state documents. The present article is concerned with the issue of ecological safety in reference to the conception of national safety. This was mainly based on the Strategy of the National Safety of the Polish Republic which has been in force since 2007. An outline of the problems concerning the evolution of ecological safety in Polish national safety strategies has also been presented. According to the analysis of the contents of the mentioned documents, the article refers to the conception of development which is also closely connected with ecological safety.
Zadania administracji publicznej w zakresie ochrony gruntów rolnych i leśnych w Polsce
Authors: Jabłoński Maciej
Published: September 2020

Zadania administracji publicznej w zakresie ochrony gruntów rolnych i leśnych w Polsce obejmują realizowanie przepisów prawa powszechnie obowiązującego w tej dziedzinie. W ten sposób kształtowana jest nowa rzeczywistość w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich, realizująca standardy Unii Europejskiej w polskich realiach. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza ochrony środowiska oraz zgodne z przeznaczeniem korzystania z gruntów rolnych i leśnych.
Prawno-administracyjny charakter koncesji w ustawie Prawo energetyczne
Authors: Jabłoński Maciej
Published: September 2020

Koncesje stanowią jeden z elementów regulowania obrotu gospodarczego. W ustawie Prawo energetyczne wskazuje się na przesłanki uzyskania koncesji na wytwarzanie energii. Ze względu na istotne znaczenie sektora energetycznego dla szerokiego pojęcia bezpieczeństwa państwa, sprawy dotyczące procedur koncesyjnych zostały uregulowane ustawą oraz aktami wykonawczymi.
Natural COX-2 Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory Agents: An Update
Authors: Cui Jiahua , Jia Jinping
Published: September 2020

COX-2, a key enzyme that catalyzed the rate-limiting steps in the conversion of
arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, played a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Different
from other family members, COX-2 was barely detectable in normal physiological conditions
and highly inducible during the acute inflammatory response of human bodies to injuries
or infections. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of selective COX-2 inhibitors has already
been considered as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation with diminished
side effects. Currently, both traditional and newer NSAIDs are the commonly prescribed
medications that treat inflammatory diseases by targeting COX-2. However, due to
the cardiovascular side-effects of the NSAIDs, finding reasonable alternatives for these frequently
prescribed medicines are a hot spot in medicinal chemistry research. Naturallyoccurring
compounds have been reported to inhibit COX-2, thereby possessing beneficial
effects against inflammation and certain cell injury. The review mainly concentrated on recently
identified natural products and derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors, the characteristics of
their structural core scaffolds, their anti-inflammatory effects, molecular mechanisms for enzymatic
inhibition, and related structure-activity relationships. According to the structural
features, the natural COX-2 inhibitors were mainly divided into the following categories:
natural phenols, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenoids, quinones, and alkaloids. Apart from the
anti-inflammatory activities, a few dietary COX-2 inhibitors from nature origin also exhibited
chemopreventive effects by targeting COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. The utilization of these
natural remedies in future cancer prevention was also discussed. In all, the survey on the
characterized COX-2 inhibitors from natural sources paves the way for the further development
of more potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the future.
Evaluation of Human Milk Quality during its Distribution Flow at Neonatal Assistance Units
Authors: Nascimento Maria B.G. , Martins Lourdes C. , Draghi Patricia F. , Fonseca Fernando L.A.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Premature babies have physiological vulnerabilities that influence their absorption
and digestion capacity, compromising their clinical condition. Human milk from human
milk banks has contributed enormously to providing these newborns with complete nutrition.

Objective:

To evaluate the quality of human milk collected at the Human Milk Bank during its distribution
in neonatal units.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was carried out in a maternity hospital
with Human Milk Bank. After the pasteurization of milk and its consequent release to these
units, a new test was carried out for the analysis of acid titration, caloric and microbiological content.

Results:

Human Milk showed a decrease of approximately 20% in caloric content and a reduction
in acidity. Approximately 12.3% of the samples were contaminated by fecal coliforms.

Conclusion:

There is a need for a second moment of evaluation of human milk, after the flow, or
to rethink the new ways of preserving the initial quality of human milk.
Therapeutic Potential of Citrus sinensis Peels Against Rotenone Induced Parkinsonism in Rats
Authors: Hamed Manal , Aboul Naser Asmaa , Elbatanony Marwa , El-Feky Amal , Matloub Azza , El-Rigal Nagy , Khalil Wagdy
Published: September 2020

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders spread worldwide in elderly people.

Methods:

The Citrus peels methanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated as an antiparkinsonism agent in rats through estimation of oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitter levels, energetic indices, DNA fragmentation pattern, inflammatory mediators, adenosine A2A receptor gene expression and the histopathological analysis of the brain. In addition, its effect was compared with ZM241385; an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, as well as the classical drug; (L-dopa).

Results:

The methanolic extract of C. sinensis peels constituted 17.59 ± 1.92 mg GAE/g and 4.88 ± 0.43 mg CE/g of total phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. The polyphenolic composition was qualified and quantified using HPLC/DAD and UPLC/ESI-MS analysis. HPLC/DAD analysis led to identify 8 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids. UPLC/MS analysis led to identify 20 polyphenolic compounds, including 9 polymethoxylated flavoniods, 7 flavonoidal glycosides and 4 phenolic derivatives. Nobiletin and tangeretin were found as abundant polymethoxylated flavones while, hesperidin and 1-caffeoyl-β-D-glucose were found as abundant glycosyl flavone and phenolic derivatives, respectively. Rotenone induced rats showed a significant decrease in neurotransmitter levels, energetic and antioxidant parameters, while a significant increase in total protein, inflammatory mediators, adenosine A2A receptor gene expression, DNA and lipid peroxidation levels was recorded. Treatments with plant extract, L-dopa and ZM241385 restored these selected parameters to variable extents with a more potent effect of ZM241385 than L-dopa. Rotenone induced rats were left free without treatment; not recorded a noticeable improvement level.

Conclusion:

Citrus sinensis peels was rich with bioactive valuable-added products. This may lead to the development of new nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents as well as functional food products used as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-parkinsonian agent.
Cardioprotective Role of Theobroma cacao against Isoproterenol-Induced
Acute Myocardial Injury
Authors: Beshel Justin Atiang , Beshel Favour Nyoh , Nwangwa Justina Nwandimma , Okon Idara Asuquo , Ejim Clement Ikani , Owu Daniel Udofia
Published: September 2020

Background:

Antioxidants are beneficial in myocardial infarction (MI). It is suggestive that Theobroma cacao (TC) with rich antioxidant properties can be of health benefit in myocardial injury.

Aim:

The study investigated the effect of Theobroma cacao on cardioprotection in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarc-tion in rats.

Material and methods:

Male Wistar rats divided into four groups of 6 rats were used for the study. Group 1, the control was administered 0.9% normal saline placebo via oral gavage. Group 2 was the MI induced group administered 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 was administered TC for 2 weeks at 100mg/kg body weight via oral route. Group 4 was pretreated with TC (100mg/kg) via oral route for 2 weeks, followed im-mediately with administration of 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. The rats were sacrificed using chloroform anesthesia, and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. The serum was analyzed for troponin level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level.

Results:

The serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in the MI group compared with the control. Pretreatment with TC before MI induction significantly (p<0.01) prevented increased serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels when compared with the MI group. There was also a significant (p<0.01) decrease in MDA in the TC group compared with the control.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that Theobroma cacao protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation.
South American Perspectives on Sexual Harassment: The Standpoint in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
Authors: Merkin Rebecca S.
Published: September 2020

This study analyzed questionnaire data about sexual harassment and sexual aggression from 8198 employees in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Responses were analyzed using MANOVA, a multivariate analysis of variance. The results of testing differences between the effects of sexual harassment and sexual aggression on job satisfaction consequences were analyzed with a focus on South American perspectives, some of which are different from previous findings in U.S. studies. While previous U.S. studies show sexual harassment causes decreased job satisfaction, the findings of this study revealed that South American employees who were sexually harassed did not show significant decreases in job satisfaction. However, when the same populations were targets of the more serious offense of sexual aggression, they did report significant decreases in job satisfaction. Given the contrast between these results and the results of previous U.S. studies in the literature, these findings indicate that this perspective on sexual harassment differs between cultures. Differences in cultural values were analyzed using G. Hofstede’s (2001) cultural dimensions. Further research with regard to the managerial nature of these perceptual differences is indicated.
What it Means When Your Work is Admired by Others: Observations of Employees of Professional Sport Organizations
Authors: Todd Samuel Y. , Harris Kenneth J.
Published: September 2020

Utilizing social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) as a guiding framework, this study investigated the way in which the evaluative dimension of group identification can ultimately affect employees’ perceptions of work and their performance at work. From a matched sample of 103 employees and their managers working for professional sport clubs in the United States, we developed and tested a model that explains how elements of prestige and evaluative group identification (pride) ultimately lead to increased job performance. Our model explained 77% of the variance in job performance and 42% of the variance in job satisfaction. We offer several practical implications and future research ideas for extensions of this work.
Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Behavior Change Model for Designing Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthy Diet: Viewpoint
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Oh Yoo Jung , Lange Patrick , Yu Zhou , Fukuoka Yoshimi
Published: September 2020

Background

Chatbots empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) can increasingly engage in natural conversations and build relationships with users. Applying AI chatbots to lifestyle modification programs is one of the promising areas to develop cost-effective and feasible behavior interventions to promote physical activity and a healthy diet.

Objective

The purposes of this perspective paper are to present a brief literature review of chatbot use in promoting physical activity and a healthy diet, describe the AI chatbot behavior change model our research team developed based on extensive interdisciplinary research, and discuss ethical principles and considerations.

Methods

We conducted a preliminary search of studies reporting chatbots for improving physical activity and/or diet in four databases in July 2020. We summarized the characteristics of the chatbot studies and reviewed recent developments in human-AI communication research and innovations in natural language processing. Based on the identified gaps and opportunities, as well as our own clinical and research experience and findings, we propose an AI chatbot behavior change model.

Results

Our review found a lack of understanding around theoretical guidance and practical recommendations on designing AI chatbots for lifestyle modification programs. The proposed AI chatbot behavior change model consists of the following four components to provide such guidance: (1) designing chatbot characteristics and understanding user background; (2) building relational capacity; (3) building persuasive conversational capacity; and (4) evaluating mechanisms and outcomes. The rationale and evidence supporting the design and evaluation choices for this model are presented in this paper.

Conclusions

As AI chatbots become increasingly integrated into various digital communications, our proposed theoretical framework is the first step to conceptualize the scope of utilization in health behavior change domains and to synthesize all possible dimensions of chatbot features to inform intervention design and evaluation. There is a need for more interdisciplinary work to continue developing AI techniques to improve a chatbot’s relational and persuasive capacities to change physical activity and diet behaviors with strong ethical principles.
Determining Diagnosis Date of Diabetes Using Structured Electronic Health Record (EHR) Data: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lenoir Kristin M , Wagenknecht Lynne E , Divers Jasmin , Casanova Ramon , Lawrence Jean M , Dabelea Dana , Saydah Sharon , Pihoker Catherine , Liese Angela D , Standiford Debra , Hamman Richard , Wells Brian J
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Manual chart review remains the primary method to identify diabetes status, diabetes type, and date of onset. Previous work determined that increasingly available structured electronic health record (EHR) data can accurately determine diabetes status and type. Validated algorithms to determine date of diabetes diagnosis are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

To validate two EHR-based algorithms to determine date of diabetes diagnosis to make incidence surveillance more efficient and sustainable.

METHODS

A rule-based ICD-10 algorithm identified youth with diabetes among three children’s hospitals in Ohio, Washington, and Colorado participating in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Two date of diagnosis algorithms were compared to the chart-reviewed gold standard among cases detected in the EHR from 2009 through 2017: year of occurrence of second ICD-9 or ICD-10 diabetes code (ICD code), and year of first occurrence of any of the following criteria: ICD diabetes code, elevated glucose, elevated HbA1c, or diabetes medication (multiple-criteria).

RESULTS

Among 3777 cases, the algorithms demonstrated high agreement with true diagnosis year and differed in classification (p=.006): 86.5% agreement for ICD code algorithm and 85.9% agreement for multiple-criteria algorithm. Agreement was high for both type 1 and type 2 cases for the ICD code algorithm. Performance improved over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Year of occurrence of second ICD diabetes code yields an accurate diagnosis date within these pediatric hospital systems leading to increased efficiency of surveillance methods.

CLINICALTRIAL

not applicable
Using Acoustic Speech Patterns From Smartphones to Investigate Mood Disorders: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Flanagan Olivia , Chan Amy , Roop Partha , Sundram Frederick
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Mood disorders are commonly underrecognized and undertreated, as diagnosis is reliant on self-reporting and clinical assessments that are often not timely. Speech characteristics of those with mood disorders differs from healthy individuals. With the wide use of smartphones, and the emergence of machine learning approaches, smartphones can be used to monitor speech patterns to help the diagnosis and monitoring of mood disorders.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to synthesize research on using speech patterns from smartphones to diagnose and monitor mood disorders.

METHODS

Literature searches of major databases, Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and CINAHL, initially identified 832 relevant articles using the search terms “mood disorders”, “smartphone”, “voice analysis”, and their variants. Only 13 studies met inclusion criteria: use of a smartphone for capturing voice data, focus on diagnosing or monitoring a mood disorder(s), clinical populations recruited prospectively, and in the English language only. Articles were assessed by 2 reviewers, and data extracted included data type, classifiers used, methods of capture, and study results. Studies were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.

RESULTS

Studies showed that voice data alone had reasonable accuracy in predicting mood states and mood fluctuations based on objectively monitored speech patterns. While a fusion of different sensor modalities revealed the highest accuracy (97.4%), nearly 80% of included studies were pilot trials or feasibility studies without control groups and had small sample sizes ranging from 1 to 73 participants. Studies were also carried out over short or varying timeframes and had significant heterogeneity of methods in terms of the types of audio data captured, environmental contexts, classifiers, and measures to control for privacy and ambient noise.

CONCLUSIONS

Approaches that allow smartphone-based monitoring of speech patterns in mood disorders are rapidly growing. The current body of evidence supports the value of speech patterns to monitor, classify, and predict mood states in real time. However, many challenges remain around the robustness, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of such an approach and further work is required to build on current research and reduce heterogeneity of methodologies as well as clinical evaluation of the benefits and risks of such approaches.
Mobile-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Negative Symptoms: Open Single-Arm Trial With Schizophrenia Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Granholm Eric , Holden Jason , Dwyer Kristen , Mikhael Tanya , Link Peter , Depp Colin
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Negative symptoms are an important unmet treatment need for schizophrenia. This study is a preliminary, open, single-arm trial of a novel hybrid intervention called mobile-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for negative symptoms (mCBTn).

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim was to test whether mCBTn was feasible and could reduce severity of the target mechanism, defeatist performance attitudes, which are associated with experiential negative symptoms and poor functioning in schizophrenia.

METHODS

Participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=31) who met prospective criteria for persistent negative symptoms were enrolled. The blended intervention combines weekly in-person group therapy with a smartphone app called CBT2go. The app extended therapy group skills, including recovery goal setting, thought challenging, scheduling of pleasurable activities and social interactions, and pleasure-savoring interventions to modify defeatist attitudes and improve experiential negative symptoms.

RESULTS

Retention was excellent (87% at 18 weeks), and severity of defeatist attitudes and experiential negative symptoms declined significantly in the mCBTn intervention with large effect sizes.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that mCBTn is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for experiential negative symptoms, if confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial. The findings also provide support for the defeatist attitude model of experiential negative symptoms and suggest that blended technology-supported interventions such as mCBTn can strengthen and shorten intensive psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03179696; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03179696
Public Engagement in Officials’ Stories about COVID-19 across Social Media, an Iraqi Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Omar Bali Ahmed , Makii Alla
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: The world has not attended a major challenge like coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic for several decades. Effective two-way communication across social media facilitates public engagement in health authorities and officials in a positive way which contributes to minimizing damage, impacts, and victims.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: This study examines public engagement in officials’ stories about COVID-19 on social media. This examination is to realize public responses and engagement particularly during the lockdown which allows us to understand the efforts and contributions of health authorities and officials on social media to give instructions and preventive measures to the public and how the public engage.

METHODS

Method: This study adopted a survey method through an online questionnaire using 'Google Forms' (N= 511) with responses from adults aged 18 and over. The data collection was carried out from the first week of March until the mid of April 2020. This period was in the quarantine days ordered by the Iraqi government (the first week of March to the end of May). The duration of data collection was very important because the officials were focusing on the measures to prevent the disease and giving instructions across social media to communicate and interact with the public.

RESULTS

Result: We revealed that the fear of the pandemic led people to change their perception of the government authorities and officials, and this argument was statistically approved (r=0.171**, p < 0.000). We revealed that the fear of the pandemic led people to change their perception of the government authorities and officials because before the outbreak of COVID-19 the public was not satisfied with the government authorities and officials performance, but during the outbreak, the public engaged with the officials positively, (r= 0.156**, p <0.000), (r=0.127**, p <0.000).

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: The pandemic can be invested in restructuring the relationship between the government and the public positively, particularly to raise the public awareness of diseases, prevention, hygiene, and the practice of healthy behaviors. We found that only 191 (%38.2) of the participants did not try to consult the information from global sources about COVID-19. This indicates that through the internet and social media the public can potentially engage with global parties not only the local authorities.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PPKn Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Guna Meningkatkan Ketahanan Budaya Melalui Pemahaman Konsep Keberagaman
Authors: Santoso Ridwan , Wuryandani Wuri
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This study aimed to produced Civic Education teaching materials based on local wisdom that were appropriate for enhancing the resilience of culture through increasing of the conceptual understanding of the cultural diversity.This type of study was research and development following ADDIE procedures. The research data were obtained from the needs analysis, expert validation, product implementation in the first field trial (one-to-one trial) and the second field trial (small-group trial) at SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta, SMP Negeri 1 Depok, and SMP Muhammadiyah Pakem. This research was carried out until the development stage with research subjects consisting of 3 teachers of Civic Education and 12 students. The research subjects were determined using a purposive technique with consideration from the Civic Education teacher at school.The results of data analysis proved that Civic Education teaching materials based on local wisdom were very feasible to be used in the learning process in the classroom. The results of this research and development could  be the basis of further research and development to developed innovative teaching materials that were appropriate to be used to increased the success of the learning process.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan bahan ajar PPKn berbasis kearifan lokal yang layak untuk meningkatkan ketahanan budaya melalui peningkatan pemahaman konsep keberagaman budaya.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan mengikuti prosedur research and development ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil analisis kebutuhan, validasi ahli, implementasi produk pada uji coba lapangan pertama (one-to-one trial) dan uji coba lapangan kedua (small-group trial) di SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta, SMP Negeri 1 Depok, dan SMP Muhammadiyah Pakem. Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai tahap development dengan subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 guru mata pelajaran PPKn dan 12 peserta didik. Subjek penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive dengan pertimbangan dari guru PPKn di sekolah.Hasil analisis data membuktikan produk bahan ajar PPKn berbasis kearifan lokal sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini dapat menjadi dasar penelitian dan pengembangan selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar inovatif yang layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran
STANDARDIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TWO MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION (GUTIKAS)
Authors: PALIWAL SONIA
Published: September 2020

Objective: The study was designed as standardization and evaluation of two marketed polyherbal formulation (gutikas) for the treatment of skin disorder and antibacterial.

Methods: Selected marketed polyherbal formulations were containing tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) as a main ingredient. The standardization of the two polyherbal formulation was carried out as per official guidelines, in which the polyherbal tablet formulation was subjected that physiochemical characterization, phytochemical, and pharmaceutical parameter would serve as the identity of this polyherbal formulation.

Results: Phytochemical test indicates the presence of alkaloid, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, and steroids in both formulations. Parameters for loss of drying, pH, ash values, and extractive values documented. Pharmaceutical parameters, such as hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration, were found to be within acceptable values.

Conclusion: From the result, it was concluded that polyherbal formulation of tulsi and neem tablet passes all the standardization and evaluation parameters and developed quality standard which can be used as a quality standard for polyherbal formulation.
PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF CEPHALOSPORIN IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT WESTERN INDI
Authors: JOSHI ANURADHA , KHUMBANI URVI , GANJIWALE JAISHREE , GANGULY BARNA
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of cephalosporins in children following the implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) in a tertiary care hospital at western India.

Methods: This was an observational study of records using data of pre- and post-implementation of ASP. Data were collected from case files of children admitted to pediatric wards in the years 2012 and 2014, respectively. Data were analyzed to find the prescribing pattern of cephalosporin and its appropriateness in relation to ASP program guidelines.

Results: Three hundred case files were collected and analyzed (n=150 each from the year 2012 and 2014). The mean age of patients in both years was 6.21 years±5.63 (the year 2012) and 5.88 years±5.88 in (the year 2014). Majority of children, that is, 47.3% were suffering from infectious diseases in the year 2012 while in the year 2014, 38.7% suffered from infectious diseases. Post-implementation of ASP, there was an improvement in the appropriateness of cephalosporin prescribing in terms of prophylactic and empirical treatments. Switch over of parenteral cephalosporins to oral was observed in 54.0% patients in 2012, while in 2014, it was seen in 51.3% of patients. There was a 4.6% rise in prescriptions containing 1st generation cephalosporins. Overall there was a significant impact of ASP in terms of appropriate cephalosporin prescribing (p=0.039).

Conclusion: Implementation of ASP and its adherence by pediatricians can improve antibiotic prescribing in children.
ASSOCIATION OF THE IMPACT OF POSTNATAL NUTRITION ON THE GROWTH OF PRETERM INFANTS <34 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE
Authors: FAUJDAR JITENDRA SINGH , SINGH KALPANA , SINGH YADAV RAJVEER , GUPTA JITENDRA KUMAR , KAKKAR MUNISH , ACHARYA USHA , SINGH SOURABH
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the actual daily amount of each nutrient (protein, glucose, and fat) energy and fluid as per current ESPGHAN guidelines for preterm infants and to analyze the role of nutrients at different gestational age on growth and weight of preterm infants.

Material and Methods: An observational and prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. This study included all preterm infants born <34 weeks gestational age admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit during this period at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. A total of 120 preterm neonates were studied.

Results: There were mean weight, length, and head circumference continues to rise till the study end. Mean energy at birth was also continues to rise till the end.

Conclusion: In the study, proper nutritional supplement as per ESPHAGEN guidelines was used for the development of preterm infant. The study showed that there were statistically significant results with anthropometry parameters with preterm baby growth in all domains.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN HAIL CITY, SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ALSHAMMARI FARHAN , ALHAGBANI TURKI , ALAFNAN AHMED , ALMANSOUR KHALID , KHAN KASHIFULLAH
Published: September 2020

Objective: Immense measures were taken to monitor the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) against COVID-19 influence a resident’s commitment to these control measures. The objective of the study was to investigate the KAP of Saudi residents toward COVID-19 during the increasingly growing outbreak period.

Methods: Through the authors’ network with residents in Hail city and the northern region of Saudi Arabia, an online sample was successfully carried out among Saudi residents. The participants completed an established and validated online KAP questionnaire. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 16 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments of attitudes and practices of the residents toward COVID-19, included questions on confidence in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak, going to crowded places and wearing facemasks when going out in recent days.

Results: A total of 285 participants took part in the survey questionnaire, of these 54.7% were women, 68.4% held a bachelor’s degree, and 47.7% were engaged in an occupation other than health-care providers. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 65%. The majority of the respondents (66%) reported that they had confirmed the information obtained from different media sources, where nearly 78.3% of respondents agreed that COVID-19 can be successfully controlled. Furthermore, about 92.3% of the participants avoided going out to crowded places, whereas only 41.1% wore facemasks when going out in recent days. A statistically significant association (p=0.0001) was found on analysis of the COVID-19 knowledge score, with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices toward COVID-2019.

Conclusion: The majority of Hail city residents are familiar with COVID-19 in both genders, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices toward COVID-19. Health education programs designed to enhance COVID-19 awareness are beneficial for Saudi residents to maintain positive attitudes and appropriate practices.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHROMOLAENA SCABRA (L. F.) R.M. KING AND H. ROB.
Authors: GIRALDO VILLAMIL PAULA ALEJANDRA , ANDRADE BURBANO ANDRÉS CAMILO , OSPINA LUIS POMBO , PALACIOS JANETH ARIAS , RODRÍGUEZ AGUIRRE ÓSCAR EDUARDO
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extract in Chromolaena scabra (L. f.) R.M. King and H. Rob., against selected strains of bacteria and fungi.

Methods: The agar diffusion method with plate perforation was developed; the microorganisms used were strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum. Rifampicin was used as a positive control. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts was obtained by its efficiency compared to the positive control. A comparison with fluconazole and ketoconazole was performed to determine how much of the extract is required to cause inhibition of fungal growth from the standard.

Results: IC50 was determined by relating the ln of mass evaluated with respect to the square of the inhibition halo; ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of petroleum ether with IC50 values of 85.8 mg/ml and 50.3 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus; the extract of petroleum ether and ethanol from leaves with IC50 of 64 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml, respectively. They were effective with A. niger. Leaf petroleum ether extract showed the best relative antifungal activity against A. niger with respect to fluconazole equivalent to 459.51 when fluconazole is 1.0.

Conclusion: The extracts with high potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms were determined to be ether flowers of petroleum and ethanol leaf extracts.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF ALGERIAN SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL (DELILE) HAYNE LEAVES
Authors: BENMAAROUF DAOUIA KELTOUM , PINTO DIANA C. G. A. , CHINA BERNARD , ZENIA SAFIA , BENDESARI KHEIRA BOUZID , BEN-MAHDI MERIEM HIND
Published: September 2020

Objective: To investigate the qualitative composition of the acetonic extract from leaves of S. argel (AESA) and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo.

Methods: AESA profile was established by UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS2. AESA was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD-420 method. Antioxydant activity of AESA was performed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects of AESA were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Further, anti-nociceptives activities of AESA were assessed by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test.

Results: The in vivo AESA toxicity was low. AESA expresses a maximum radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 36,05 μg/ml. The AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageen an induced paw edema by 70.09% and 85.53% 6h after carrageenan injection, respectively. AESA produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellets-induced granuloma formation in rats. In addition, AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.83 and 80.41%, respectively. Oral administration of 250 and 400 mg/kg of AESA caused a significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effect in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking. AESA also impacted the pain latency in the hot plat test.

Conclusion: These data suggest that AESA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. These results support the traditional use of S. argel to cure pain and inflammatory diseases in the Algerian Sahara.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF MUSK ON ORGANISMS DIFFERENT TYPES
Authors: ALJURISS JANA ABDUL MOHSEN , ALNAJEM NOURA SAUD , ALGHOFAILI FAHDAH FAHAD , AL-ARIFI TURKI N. , AL-KHATTAF FATIMAH S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aims to The research aimed at a comparative study the effect of natural and synthetic musk compared to creams that have an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effect on the growth of Candida albicans that causes vaginal diseases in women, as well as the growth of the bacteria strains include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, which would be more effective in inhibiting the growth of these microbes and Achieve the recommendation of the Prophet Muhammad for women to treat the vagina with natural musk, find alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, and reduce their negative effects on human health.

Methods: This study investigates the antagonistic effect of Anti fungal and bacterial Cream and different natural type {Musk (N. M), Black Musk (B. M)} and chemical Musk {white Musk (W. M), cream Musk (M. C) } on some microorganisms. The types of yeast Candida albicans HVS and the bacteria strains include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, were tested by means of disk diffusion,

Results: Results indicated that Musk has inhibitory effects on the growth of study microorganisms Musk contains active substances similar to antibiotic, alkaloids and volatile oils present in them as they have the ability to stop the growth of many microorganisms. The effect of natural musk was higher than the effect synthetic musk, And the microbes were the most sensitive to musk is Bacillus subtilis. As for anti-microbial creams, the effect of the anti-bacterial cream was more effective in their suppression compared to all kinds of musk unlike the anti-fungal cream which gave a negative result.

Conclusion: This study showed that the different concentrations of natural musk have an effective role in inhibiting some of the microbes of this vaginal pathogen, and it has given a positive opposite result to these microbes, and therefore it can be used as a natural antibiotic that reduces side effects on females and the environment.
Percepciones docentes sobre el blended learning en las cooperativas de enseñanza del sur de España
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , Fuentes-Cabrera Arturo , Rodríguez-Jiménez Carmen
Published: September 2020

Introducción: las nuevas metodologías emergentes y su aplicación educativa se han convertido en una realidad dentro de los espacios de aprendizaje, siendo el b-learning una de las metodologías más recurrentes durante la última década. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo radica en conocer el grado de empleo de la metodología b-learning en los docentes de las cooperativas de enseñanza. Materiales y métodos: la investigación se ha llevado a cabo a través de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, utilizándose un cuestionario de corte ad hoc de cinco dimensiones. Resultados: los resultados muestran un incremento progresivo de la incorporación de la innovación dentro de las aulas y un ímpetu formativo por parte de los docentes en materia tecnológica. Conclusiones: los docentes perciben el blended learning cada vez de manera más positiva, a pesar de disponer de escasos recursos digitales y de encontrar dificultades en propiciar un rol activo del discente. Asimismo, se ha constatado la existencia de niveles intermedios de confianza hacia la tecnología, especialmente entre el profesorado de mayor edad.
Anticoncepción en menores de edad: retos para el derecho desde la bioética
Authors: Soto-Méndez Carolina , Carrillo-Cruz Yudy Andrea
Published: September 2020

Introducción: una de las preocupaciones existentes como política de Estado es el embarazo adolescente. Para ello se considera la anticoncepción como una de las estrategias para prevenirlo y por ello surge el cuestionamiento sobre los criterios y lineamientos para la anticoncepción en la adolescencia. Materiales y métodos: se trata de una investigación documental. Resultados: la literatura que existe al respecto aborda la cuestión desde una perspectiva de garantizar el acceso a la anticoncepción por parte de menores de edad, sin otro criterio distinto a que sea una decisión autónoma; lo mismo ocurre con la reglamentación que existe al respecto. Desde la bioética de protección se identifican otros elementos que permiten establecer los lineamientos en cuanto a la valoración ética y a los parámetros que se deben tener por la legislación. Conclusiones: la anticoncepción en menores de edad requiere de especial atención desde un enfoque multifactorial y no solamente desde una perspectiva de libre acceso.
Plataformas de financiamiento colectivo como instrumento de incentivo de innovaciones sociales en el contexto brasileño
Authors: Nodari Cristine Hermann , Schmitt-Figuiró Paola , Froehlich Cristiane , Veiga-Neto Alipio Ramos , Brenner Barreto-Miranda Ana Lucía
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Las plataformas de financiamiento colectivo y las innovaciones sociales son aspectos simbólicos fundamentales para el surgimiento y consolidación de una nueva economía. De esta forma, el presente artículo busca comprension de las plataformas de financiamiento colectivo, también conocidas como crowdfunding en Brasil, y su relación con proyectos que son compatibles com las definiciones de innovacion social. Objetivo: Esta investigación busca comprender la influencia y las posibles relaciones entre las plataformas de crowdfunding y los procesos de innovación social, a partir de la revisión de las principales líneas teóricas relacionadas con el crowdfunding y las matrices de innovación social. Materiales y métodos: El método utilizado fue un estudio de caso exploratorio. Para ello, se realizó un estudio en dos de las plataformas de crowdfunding más representativas de Brasil (Kickante y Vakinha) con entrevistas a sus representantes y acceso a datos secundarios. Resultados: Fue posible una percepción más clara de cómo la herramienta de crowdfunding actúan en el país y cómo pueden constituirse mecanismos fomentadores de innovación social, generando impactos positivos en la sociedad brasileña. Conclusiones: La evaluación realizada llevó a la comprensión de que las plataformas de crowdfunding, aliadas a proyectos que apuntan al bienestar social, resultan a menudo en prácticas compatibles con los conceptos de innovación social al resultar en mejoras significativas para la sociedad. Se observó que las plataformas de financiamiento colectivo, analizadas poseen el aspecto del bienestar social bastante destacado en gran parte de los proyectos vehiculados.
Factores psicosociales y familiares que influyen en la deserción en estudiantes universitarios en el contexto de los países en desarrollo
Authors: Chalela-Naffah Salim , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Ruíz-Rojas Gustavo Alberto , Cadavid-Orrego Marcela
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La deserción universitaria es un problema de gran interés para diferentes agentes del sistema educativo, pues su ocurrencia en las sociedades es un indicador de ineficiencia, que genera considerables costos para los Estados, las universidades, los estudiantes y sus familias. Objetivo. Examinar los factores que influyen en la decisión de desertar de los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) para el año 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, a partir de un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo de campo, de carácter transversal, en el que participaron 3026 estudiantes mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado. Resultados. Además de los factores económicos, que tradicionalmente son evaluados en este tipo de literatura, las condiciones sociales, familiares y afectivas se convierten en incidentes clave al momento de abordar la deserción escolar como un fenómeno estructural. Conclusiones. La articulación entre directivos, administrativos docentes y estudiantes se consolida como un elemento clave en los procesos de retención académica, como una estrategia para combatir el fenómeno de deserción universitaria.