bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Reclaiming Civic Education
Authors: Chapman Amy L.
Published: October 2022

One of the original purposes of schools in the United States was to prepare students to inherit democracy (Mann,An oration, delivered before the authorities of the City of Boston, July 4, 1842. WB Fowle and N. Capen, 1842; Krutka, 2014). Given the trends in youth civic participation over the last few decades, civic education is not effectively working to support this goal. Research has shown effective civic education practices (e.g., participatory pedagogies, an open classroom climate, service learning), but little civic education follows these suggestions (Torney-Purta et al.,Citizenship and education in twenty-eight countries: Civic knowledge and engagement at age fourteen. IEA Secretariat, 2001). Further, most teachers report not having sufficient time, preparation, or resources to teach civics effectively (Hahn, Challenges to civic education in the United States. In J. Torney-Purta, J. Schwille, & J. A. Amadeo (Eds.),Civic education across countries: Twenty-four national case studies from the IEA civic education project(pp. 583–607). IEA Secretariat, 1999). Social media could provide a way for teachers to deepen their teaching of civics by making it more accessible and more relevant, and by having students engage in civic participation in real time.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: How Social Media Operates in the Civic Sphere
Authors: Chapman Amy L.
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses how the very design of social media impacts the civic sphere. Social media is not neutral, and from its algorithms through manipulation and disinformation from its individual users, social media has threatened civic life. This chapter also includes ways in which these concerns have been addressed through media literacy education. Further, this chapter explores two concepts which impact both civic education and social media use: civic perspective-taking and political polarization. The chapter concludes by arguing that students need to be taught about the potential harm of social media, for themselves and the civic sphere, through critical digital citizenship.
The Study: Teachers’ Use of Twitter for Civic Education
Authors: Chapman Amy L.
Published: October 2022

This chapter outlines the study from which most of this book was developed. It includes the research design, rationale for the qualitative methodologies used, information about data collection and analysis, and addresses potential threats to validity and rigor.
Onward Migration from an Aspirations–Capabilities Framework: The Multi-sited Transnational Practices of Sudanese Families Across Europe, Sudan and Beyond
Authors: Serra Mingot Ester
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the multi-sited transnational strategies of Dutch-Sudanese migrants who move from the Netherlands to the UK (and/or elsewhere) to fulfil their aspirations at different migration and life-course stages. The ongoing political unrest and economic hardships in Sudan, together with the current restrictive European migration regimes, have led most Sudanese to move to Europe as asylum-seekers. Throughout the years, after obtaining refugee status and becoming European citizens, many settle and remain in the host countries of which they are citizens, while others move onwards to other EU countries (or elsewhere) as European labour migrants. As the migrants’ legal statuses change throughout these stages, so do their aspirations and their capabilities to achieve them. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic multi-sited fieldwork with Sudanese migrants and their families across the Netherlands, the UK and Sudan, this chapter explores the migrants’ aspirations and capabilities to migrate, which take place within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. By looking at how these migrants navigate institutional limitations with family obligations, individual aspirations and capabilities, the chapter contributes to the conceptualisation of onward migration from the lens of an aspirations–capabilities framework. In so doing, it shows the importance of the family as the main unit of analysis in migration studies and the need to look at mobility as a multi-sited longitudinal family trajectory to fulfil changing aspirations where not all family members benefit equally.
Multinational Migration in the Global South: Complex and Non-linear Trajectories of Senegalese Migrants in Brazil
Authors: Jung Philipp Roman
Published: October 2022

A growing number of studies emphasise the non-linearity of migration. Aspirations and capabilities for multinational migration often develop or change during the migration process. These dynamics have mostly been analysed with regards to movements within the European Union or to countries in the so-called ‘Global North’. This chapter aims to broaden this focus by including movements in the context of South-South migration. It discusses multinational migration by Senegalese migrants in Brazil, which is both a destination and an origin of movements that connect a variety of countries and regions. It analyses the complex trajectories of Senegalese migrants from different social and educational backgrounds and focuses on how decisions to move again from one country to another develop and which factors influence the choice of destination. Through a multi-sited qualitative case study using interview and ethnographic methods with Senegalese migrants in four Brazilian cities – São Paulo, Praia Grande, Caxias do Sul and Passo Fundo – the research examines both already-occurred movements from Cape Verde and Argentina to Brazil and aspirations to migrate further to the ‘Global North’. The findings show that these multinational migrations are mostly driven by the desire for self-improvement – financial, professional or educational – and a hierarchy of desired destinations but also a result of suddenly emerging opportunities and mediation. The movements are facilitated through the multiple transnational ties with which Senegalese migrants are connected to different places. Furthermore, the study shows how Senegalese migrants acquire new migratory capital – for example in the form of another nationality, business activities or access to new networks – and how migration experiences influence onward migration aspirations and preparations, hereby drawing attention to the active learning process which migrants experience during their trajectory.
Probing compressed higgsinos with forward protons at the LHC
Authors: Zhou Hang , Liu Ning
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Supersymmetric models with nearly-degenerate light higgsinos provide a consistent solution to the naturalness problem under rigorous constraints from current experimental searches for sparticles. However, it is challenging to probe the compressed scenarios at collider experiments due to the hard-to-detect soft final states. To overcome this issue, strategies have been proposed to take advantage of the photon fusion along the ultraperipheral collision at the Large Hadron Collider, which are feasible with the forward detectors installed at the ATLAS and CMS detectors. In this paper, we demonstrate a search strategy for the chargino pair production via photon fusion at the 13 TeV LHC, realizing a good sensitivity that can exclude $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^{\pm }} $$

m

χ
~

1
±

up to 270 GeV (308 GeV) for a mass splitting ∆m($$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
~

1
±

,$$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

) ∈ [1, 15] GeV with an integrated luminosity of 100 fb−1 (3 ab−1) at 95% C.L.
Zeitlichkeit des Gegenwissens in der Ökologischen Landbau-Szene der Bundesrepublik (1970–1999): aus Alt mach Neu!
Authors: von Schwerin Alexander
Published: October 2022

Die Mitte der 1970er Jahre gegründete Stiftung Ökologischer Landbau (SÖL) trat an, den ökologischen Landbau in der Bundesrepublik zu fördern. Zu diesem Zweck führte sie Protagonisten aus Wissenschaft und Umweltbewegung zusammen, die unter Rückgriff auf die wissenschaftlich geprägten Konzepte des natürlichen und biologischen Landbaus der 1920er und 1930er Jahre eine Wissensgrundlage für den ökologischen Landbau aufbauen sollten. Anhand der Gründungsgeschichte, Struktur und Arbeit der SÖL lässt sich zeigen, dass Zeitlichkeit eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Etablierung alternativer Wissensbestände spielte. Entgegen dem etablierten Modell linearen wissenschaftlich-technologischen Fortschritts ging es um die Rückbesinnung auf Wissensbestände und Praktiken, die in vorhergegangenen Prozessen des Vergessens und der Marginalisierung aus dem wissenschaftlichen Wissenskanon, aber auch aus der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis verschwunden waren. Dies zeigt sich am Beispiel der sogenannten Spatendiagnose, einer in den 1930er Jahren von Bodenbiologen entwickelten Methode zur Beurteilung des Ackerbodens. Konzepte und Praxis des Gegenwissens liefen auf ein Modell konservativer Modernisierung im ökologischen Landbau hinaus.
A topological characterization of generalized stable sets
Authors: Andrikopoulos Athanasios
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this note is to provide a topological characterization for the existence of the generalized stable set introduced by Van Deemen (Soc Choice Welf 8:255–260, 1991) as a generalization of the Von Neumann–Morgenstern stable set.
Trial sequential meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: is it the time to stop the randomization?
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Stocco Alberto , Ingaldi Carlo , Alberici Laura , Serbassi Francesco , De Raffele Emilio , Casadei Riccardo
Published: October 2022

Background

The advantages of LPD compared with OPD remain debatable. The study aimed to compare the laparoscopic (LPD) versus open (OPD) for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods

A meta-analysis of randomized studies (RCTs) comparing LPD and OPD was made. The results were reported as relative risk (RRs) or mean differences (MDs). The trial sequential analysis was used to test the type I and type II errors defining the required information size (RIS). The primary outcome was mortality, major morbidity, and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). R1 resection, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, reoperation, readmission, operative time (OT), lymph nodes harvested, and length of stay (LOS) were also studied.

Results

Four RCTs, counting 818 patients, were found. The RRs for mortality, major morbidity, and POPF were 1.16, 1.04, and 0.86, without significant differences. The RISs were 35,672, 16,548, and 8206. To confirm this equivalence, at least 34,854, 15,730, and 7338 should be randomized. OT was significantly longer in LPD than OPD, with an MD of 63.22. The LOS was significantly shorter in LPD than in OPD, with − 1.76 days. The RISs were 1297 and 1273, excluding a false-positive result. No significant differences were observed for the remaining endpoints, and RISs suggested that more than 3000 patients should be randomized to confirm the equivalence.

Conclusion

The equivalence of LPD and OPD for mortality, major morbidity, and POPF is affected by type II error. The RISs to demonstrate a superiority of one of the two techniques seem unrealistic to obtain.
Leveraging access to technology and enhanced surgical technique (LATEST) in laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE)
Authors: Navaratne Lalin , Al-Musawi Jasim , Vutipongsatorn Kritchai , Isla Alberto Martinez
Published: October 2022

Single-stage management of choledocholithiasis with concomitant gallstones consists of performing either laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE) or intra-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the same time as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Transductal LBDE is associated with significantly higher post-operative morbidity, longer operative times and longer hospital stay when compared to transcystic LBDE. The aim of this study was to report the transcystic exploration rate and post-operative outcomes from LBDE before and after implementation of the LATEST (Leveraging Access to Technology and Enhanced Surgical Technique) principles. Methods: A retrospective review of 481 consecutive patients between February 1998 and July 2021 was performed. Patients were assigned into two groups determined by whether they were operated before or after the implementation of LATEST. Data collected included pre-operative demographic information, medical co-morbidity, pre-operative investigations, and intra-operative findings (including transcystic exploration rate, negative choledochoscopy rate, use of holmium laser lithotripsy and operative time). Outcomes of this study were the transcystic exploration rate, stone clearance rate, conversion to open surgery, post-operative morbidity and mortality, and length of post-operative hospital stay. Results: The pre-LATEST group contained 237 patients and the LATEST group comprised of 244 patients. Ultra-thin choledochoscopes and holmium laser lithotripsy were used more frequently in the LATEST group (41.4% and 18.4%, respectively). Enhanced surgical techniques (correction of the cystic duct-CBD junction and the trans-infundibular approach) were also performed more frequently in the LATEST group. More patients in the LATEST group received transcystic LBDE (86.1% vs 11.0%, p < 0.0001). The LATEST group had significantly higher stone clearance rates (98.8% vs 93.7%, p = 0.0034), reduced post-operative morbidity and shorter post-operative hospital stay (4 days vs 1 day, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: LATEST describes four key factors that can be used when performing LBDE. The adoption of LATEST in LBDE is associated with an increased stone clearance, a higher transcystic exploration rate and reduced post-operative morbidity.
Groundwater as emergency water supply: case study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Endo Takahiro , Iizuka Tomoki , Koga Hitomi , Hamada Nahoko
Published: October 2022

Securing water supply is an extremely important issue following an earthquake. Recent earthquakes in Japan have prompted focus on the use of groundwater or disaster emergency wells (DEWs). Water supply networks are vulnerable to earthquakes because they comprise long-distance pipelines that are not always earthquake-resistant. Groundwater, however, can usually be found directly below an area where water is required and can serve as an alternative water source. Although previous studies discussed the importance of groundwater in relation to natural disasters, with special reference to drought, little attention has been given to the use of groundwater following earthquakes. In this study, two questionnaire surveys were conducted of DEW owners and welfare facilities for elderly people in Kumamoto (Japan), which was struck by an Mw 7.3 earthquake in 2016, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using groundwater as an emergency water supply and ascertain policy issues to be resolved for making DEWs effective. Results showed that not only 30 DEWs but also at least 25 privately owned wells not registered as DEWs were open to the public in the early restoration stage, improving people’s access to water and decreasing the burden on the Kumamoto city government’s emergency water supply. However, it was revealed that groundwater might not always be potable owing to quality concerns. Additionally, only a limited number of welfare facilities used the available adjacent DEWs and DEW recognition level remains low. These findings indicate that improving information disclosure regarding emergency groundwater use is a policy issue to be resolved.
Using Semicontinuity for Standard Bases Computations
Authors: Greuel Gert-Martin , Pfister Gerhard , Schönemann Hans
Published: October 2022

We present new results on standard basis computations of a 0-dimensional ideal I in a power series ring or in the localization of a polynomial ring over a computable field K. We prove the semicontinuity of the “highest corner” in a family of ideals, parametrized by the spectrum of a Noetherian domain A. This semicontinuity is used to design a new modular algorithm for computing a standard basis of I if K is the quotient field of A. It uses the computation over the residue field of a “good” prime ideal of A to truncate high order terms in the subsequent computation over K. We prove that almost all prime ideals are good, so a random choice is very likely to be good, and whether it is good is detected a posteriori by the algorithm. The algorithm yields a significant speed advantage over the non-modular version and works for arbitrary Noetherian domains. The most important special cases are perhaps $$A={\mathbb {Z}}$$

A
=
Z

and $$A=k[t]$$

A
=
k
[
t
]

, k any field and t a set of parameters. Besides its generality, the method differs substantially from previously known modular algorithms for $$A={\mathbb {Z}}$$

A
=
Z

, since it does not manipulate the coefficients. It is also usually faster and can be combined with other modular methods for computations in local rings. The algorithm is implemented in the computer algebra system Singular and we present several examples illustrating its power.
Applying VAT to financial services: Is the new “mobile-ratio method” adequate for insurance?
Authors: Altenburger Otto A.
Published: October 2022

Applying Value Added Tax (VAT) to financial services is difficult. Several more or less complex methods for handling financial services within a VAT system have been developed, none of them being fully satisfactory. In 2018, Julio López-Laborda and Guillermo Peña have published “A New Method for Applying VAT to Financial Services” in the National Tax Journal (vol. 71 (1), pp. 155–181), called “mobile-ratio method”. This paper examines whether the new method is adequate for insurance services. It reveals that the analogy between insurance services and other financial services, while amazing at first glance, does not reach far enough to make the “mobile-ratio method” practically applicable to insurance services.
The pan-European Personal Pension Product: key characteristics and main challenges
Authors: Bär Maximilian
Published: October 2022

Against the background of increasing challenges within the European Union related to ageing societies, a prevailing low interest environment, increasingly mobile life and work across the EU and the general distribution of wealth, several stakeholders within the EU have acknowledged the need to support the adequacy of national public pension schemes. This resulted in the conception of a Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP), voluntary and portable across the European Economic Area (EEA), aiming at combining profitability, transparency as well as the security and quality of the related investments. Embedded into the greater scheme of the aspired European Capital Markets Union, PEPP is intended as simple and affordable savings option for everyone with the goal of closing the pension gap. This paper revisits the process towards the current, finalized state of PEPP, exploring its product features, regulatory requirements and key challenges with regard to the possible emergence of products since 2022.
The inclusion of insurance services in the European VAT system—a problem that cannot be solved?
Authors: Altenburger Otto A. , Diewald Rudolf , Göttsche Max
Published: October 2022

In the European Union insurance premiums are not subject to value added tax (VAT), but—in most member states—to special taxes. As these and VAT on inputs are not recoverable there are high cumulative and hidden tax burdens. However, the inclusion of insurance (and other financial services) in the VAT system poses serious conceptual problems. Solutions suggested and discussed in literature as well as relevant regulations in countries outside Europe do not meet the principles constituting the European VAT system. The paper develops a realizable proposal for the inclusion of insurance services in this system meeting its constituting principles.
Optical and morphological properties of ZnO and Alq3 incorporated polymeric thin layers fabricated by the dip-coating method
Authors: Sypniewska M. , Szczesny R. , Skowronski L. , Kamedulski P. , Gondek E. , Apostoluk A. , Derkowska-Zielinska B.
Published: October 2022

In this report, we present the influence of polymer matrix on morphological and optical properties of thin films containing zinc oxide (ZnO), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3) and ZnO:Alq3. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dissolved in isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran, respectively, were used as polymeric matrices of fabricated composites. The analysed thin layers were deposited on Si substrates using a dip-coating method and characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that adding the polymer to Alq3 causes a blueshift in absorption compared to pure Alq3 layers. We also observed photoluminescence in the region of 2.2–2.8 eV for ZnO:Alq3:PMMA and ZnO:Alq3:PVP, as well as for Alq3:PMMA at room temperature. PL measurements showed that adding ZnO to Alq3:polymer matrix did not result in any shift in PL spectra compared to the results of Alq3:polymer layer. AFM and SEM measurements show that relatively smooth films were obtained in the case of composites based on PVP and PMMA. Moreover, a change in the size of ZnO agglomerates depending on polymer used is observed for the three-component layers. We also noticed that the values of the refractive index are higher for the samples in the PVP matrix. However, the opposite behaviour was observed in the case of the extinction coefficient.
Nanostructure of humic acid adsorption layer in the presence of Cs and Sr ions on the surface of waste material obtained from residue after supercritical extraction of hops
Authors: Ostolska Iwona , Biedrzycka Adrianna
Published: October 2022

Adsorption of ionic molecules at the solid–liquid interface depends on various interactions, particles surface properties as well as the presence of the additional substance in the analyzed systems. The waste material obtained from the supercritical fluid extraction process was used as an adsorbent. The plant-based biosorbent structure was fully characterized. Then the humic acid (constituting the common interfering substance found in the environmental samples) sorption on the hop cones was investigated in the absence and presence of Sr/Cs ions under various pH conditions. Hence, the metal cation valence can influence the interactions between the colloidal system constituents and the adsorption layer structure. Determining the mutual interactions in the complex systems is important due to the potential possibility of using the waste sorbent to remove the radioactive Cs and Sr isotopes from the aquatic environment. Due to the lack of a porous structure of the sorbent and the high surface density of the charge, the metal ions are bound directly on the particles surface. The humic acid (HA) adsorption is greatly pH dependent—the largest removal was achieved under the acidic conditions (Qads = 88.69 mg/g), while the HA sorption process at pH 9 is impeded by a large negative charge deposited at the solid–liquid interface (Qads = 7.06 mg/g). At pH 3, formation of multilayer adsorption structure contributes to the effective removal of organic impurities. The metal ions valence significantly affects the humic acid binding mechanism. Divalent Sr acts like a “bridge” increasing the number of biosorbent active sites (at pH = 3 the HA adsorption increases almost twofold from 88.69 to 156.46 mg/g in the Sr ions), whereas the Cs+ ions leads to the reduction in the HA removal efficiency (Qads. = 46.31 mg/g under the same conditions).
Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polytetrafluoroethylene on the parameters of electronic structure and absorption of ultra-high-frequency radiation
Authors: Galstian I. Ye. , Tsapko Ye. A. , Makarenko O. V. , Yampolskiy A. L. , Tarusin Ye. V. , Len E. G.
Published: October 2022

Using the methods of angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR), attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in 1.5–2.2 GHz frequency range, and optical ellipsometry, it was shown that in composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a 2% decrease in the probability of annihilation of positrons in free volumes in PTFE leads to changes in other parameters of electronic structure of composites by 8–29%. Polytetrafluoroethylene is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, but after the addition of 10 wt.% or more of MWCNTs, the composites demonstrate 200–410-fold decrease in the electromagnetic radiation intensity when the radiation passes through a specimen with a thickness of ≈2 mm. It was found that the average radius of the free volumes and the probability of annihilation of positrons are determined by the defect and electronic structures of the polymer matrix only. The Fermi angle and the probability of positrons annihilation with free electrons are determined by the analogous structures of MWCNTs only. Since the electronic characteristics of the atoms and defects in the polymer matrix (at least outside the interphase) do not change, the changes in the other ACAR parameters are mainly due to changes in the imperfect MWCNTs’ atomic and electronic structures. The average radius of free volumes reaches its maximum value in the composite with 10 wt.% MWCNTs. It was found that in a specimen with 10 wt.% MWCNTs, the highest density of free electrons is observed due to charge transfer from free volumes to MWCNTs, and the highest electron density is observed on defects. A disorder of MWCNTs and their branched conductive network can form the ‘tails’ of electronic density of states in a band gap. Thus, composite with 10 wt.% MWCNTs has the highest absorption coefficient for electromagnetic radiation.
Amniotic stem cells as a source of regenerative medicine to treat female infertility
Authors: Naeem Aisha , Gupta Nikita , Naeem Usra , Elrayess Mohamed A. , Albanese Chris
Published: October 2022

Impaired reproductive health is a worldwide problem that affects the psychological well-being of a society. Despite the technological developments to treat infertility, the global infertility rate is increasing significantly. Many infertility conditions are currently treated using various advanced clinical approaches such as intrauterine semination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI). Nonetheless, clinical management of some conditions such as dysfunctional endometrium, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian physiological aging still pose significant challenges. Stem cells based therapeutic strategies have a long-standing history to treat many infertility conditions, but ethical restrictions do not allow the broad-scale utilization of adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Easily accessible, placental derived or amniotic stem cells present an invaluable alternative source of non-immunogenic and non-tumorigenic stem cells that possess multilineage potential. Given these characteristics, placental or amniotic stem cells (ASCs) have been investigated for therapeutic purposes to address infertility in the last decade. This study aims to summarize the current standing and progress of human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAECs), amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) in the field of reproductive medicine. The therapeutic potential of these cells to restore or enhance normal ovarian function and pregnancy outcomes are highlighted in this study.
High-Performance Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells Enabled by Incorporation with Dimensionally Engineered Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Lim Seyeong , Lee Dae Hwan , Choi Hyuntae , Choi Yelim , Lee Dong Geon , Cho Sung Beom , Ko Seonkyung , Choi Jongmin , Kim Younghoon , Park Taiho
Published: October 2022

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been considered promising and effective photovoltaic absorber due to their superior optoelectronic properties and inherent material merits combining perovskites and QDs. However, they exhibit low moisture stability at room humidity (20–30%) owing to many surface defect sites generated by inefficient ligand exchange process. These surface traps must be re-passivated to improve both charge transport ability and moisture stability. To address this issue, PQD-organic semiconductor hybrid solar cells with suitable electrical properties and functional groups might dramatically improve the charge extraction and defect passivation. Conventional organic semiconductors are typically low-dimensional (1D and 2D) and prone to excessive self-aggregation, which limits chemical interaction with PQDs. In this work, we designed a new 3D star-shaped semiconducting material (Star-TrCN) to enhance the compatibility with PQDs. The robust bonding with Star-TrCN and PQDs is demonstrated by theoretical modeling and experimental validation. The Star-TrCN-PQD hybrid films show improved cubic-phase stability of CsPbI3-PQDs via reduced surface trap states and suppressed moisture penetration. As a result, the resultant devices not only achieve remarkable device stability over 1000 h at 20–30% relative humidity, but also boost power conversion efficiency up to 16.0% via forming a cascade energy band structure.
The Unity of Well-Being: An Inquiry into the Structure of Subjective Well-Being Using the Bifactor Model
Authors: Kaufman Victor A. , Horton Calen , Walsh Lisa C. , Rodriguez Anthony
Published: October 2022

In homage to the life and work of Ed Diener (1946–2021), the present study assessed the dimensions of the tripartite model (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) and two additional dimensions (domain satisfaction and happiness) to investigate the structure of subjective well-being using exploratory factor analysis and the bifactor model. Specifically, we tested whether these five dimensions belong to an essentially unidimensional subjective well-being construct. Towards this goal, we used a large, previously collected dataset closely matched to the U.S. census (N = 2,000, ages 18–65+ ; 52.4% female; 66.3% White; 14.9% Hispanic; 12% Black) and selected 24 items representing the five dimensions. Our results showed that all 24 items were internally consistent and highly correlated. Exploratory factor analyses revealed there were five underlying factors best characterizing the data. When fit to the bifactor model, a strong underlying general subjective well-being factor emerged. Additionally, general factor scores were highly reliable according to conventional reliability standards. A confirmatory factor analysis also supported the bifactor structure of subjective well-being. Overall, our findings suggest all 24 items from the five dimensions reflect one essentially unidimensional construct, which can be combined into a single subjective well-being score. Domain satisfaction and subjective happiness both belong to subjective well-being in the same way that the original three dimensions of life satisfaction, negative affect, and positive affect do.
Erratum to: Convergence of fundamentalisms? Ultra-Orthodox nationalists (Hardalim) in Israel
Authors: Mahla Daniel
Published: October 2022

The article investigates the phenomenon of ultra-Orthodox nationalists (Hardalim) in the modern State of Israel. Hardalim emerged out of ideological transformations in the ideological settlement movement during the 1980s and 1990s, combining aspects of the two major religious milieus in the country, national-religious Judaism and ultra-Orthodoxy. Such a fusion is cause for great concern among those, who fear a fundamentalist assault on the democratic state. Based on the definition of the editors of this volume, the article asks how far the classification of Hardalim as fundamentalists helps us to grasp the specifics of their group. I argue that the concept is useful insofar as it highlights some of the movement’s core characteristics that distinguish it from traditionalist Judaism and other forms of religious activism and lifestyle, but that at the same time a strict focus on the fundamentalist features of the Hardalim runs the risk of ignoring the group’s intimate ties and dynamics with other groups in Israeli society.
Theoretical Perspectives and Two Explanatory Models of School Bullying
Authors: Rigby Ken
Published: October 2022

This article examines alternative and supplementary ways in which theorists and researchers have sought to account for bullying behavior among students in schools. Contemporary explanations acknowledge the variety, complexity, and interactivity of both person and environmental factors in determining acts of bullying in schools. Two explanatory models or frameworks are described: (i) an adaptation of the theory of planned behavior proposed by Ajzen (Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50:179–211, 1991); and (ii) the comprehensive model of bullying (CMB) by Rigby (Multiperspectivity in school bullying, page 64. Routlege, 2021b). The strengths and limitations of these models are discussed, together with applications in addressing school bullying.
Bacterial Community Shifts in Casing Soil Before and After the Cultivation of Oudemansiella raphanipes
Authors: Qin Wentao , Zhao Juan , Liu Yu , Gao Qi , Song Shuang , Wang Shouxian , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2022

Casing soil is a key step in the production of Oudemansiella raphanipes. Bacterial community in casing soil plays key roles in the growth and development of edible fungi. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the bacterial community shifts in casing soil before and after the cultivation of O. raphanipes (CSBACO). Casing soil samples before and after the cultivation of O. raphanipes (CSBC and CSAC) were collected and examined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria were dominant phyla in casing soil of O. raphanipes, which accounted for 77.32% of the total abundance. After the cultivation of O. raphanipes, the alpha diversity of bacterial community and the relative abundance of some beneficial genera such as Marmoricola, Nocardioides, Sphingomonas, and Streptomyces decreased, while that of bacteria belonging to the candidate class MB-A2-108 tolerant to adverse environment significantly increased. Meanwhile, physicochemical properties of casing soil changed significantly in CSBACO. Soil ammonium nitrogen and organic matter greatly decreased in CSAC and they mainly influenced bacterial community before the cultivation of O. raphanipes. In contrast, available potassium and pH significantly increased in CSAC and mainly affected bacterial community after the cultivation of O. raphanipes. Furthermore, the relative abundance of bacteria with the function of amino acid and lipid metabolism decreased, while that of bacteria functions related to parasites and pathogens increased, which further revealed the significance of bacterial community in casing soil. Diversity, composition, and the potential function of bacterial community shifted dramatically in CSBACO. The results deepen the understanding of the bacterial community and its microecological mechanism in casing soil of O. raphanipes.
Actively Addressing Systemic Racism Using a Behavioral Community Approach
Authors: Watson-Thompson Jomella , Hassaballa Ruaa H. , Valentini Stephanie H. , Schulz Jonathan A. , Kadavasal Priya Vanchy , Harsin Joshua D. , Thompson Valerie M. , Hassaballa Ithar H. , Esiaka Cynthia C. , Thompson Eric C.
Published: October 2022

Recent police brutality and related violence against Black people, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, has further evidenced the disproportionate impact of systemic racism in our institutions and across society. In the United States, the alarming mortality rates for Black people due to police violence and COVID-19 related deaths are clear demonstrations of inequities within a long history of disparate outcomes. In understanding systemic racism, it is essential to consider how it is embedded within society and across socio-ecological levels. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) is used to examine conditions within the environment that maintain systemic racism, including within our field and discipline. A behavioral-community approach for examining racism aids in determining points of intervention across multiple ecological levels that may contribute to behavior change, including with behaviorists. The science of behavior is well-suited to help examine the contingencies governing behaviors within and across systems, which is pivotal for addressing operant behaviors to influence long-term behavior change. This paper calls on the behavioral community to address systemic racism within our environments and systems of influence to contribute to a more equitable community. Systemic racism, including within the context of anti-Blackness, is examined by considering behavior change strategies that can be supported by behaviorists across socio-ecological levels. Tools for collaborative action are provided to support behaviorists in demonstrating the skills needed across a continuum of behaviors from allyship to anti-racism to actively address systemic racism.
Optimal retrofit strategy using viscous dampers between adjacent RC and SMRFs prone to earthquake-induced pounding
Authors: Asgarkhani N. , Kazemi F. , Jankowski R.
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, retrofitting-damaged buildings is an important challenge for engineers. Finding the optimal placement of Viscous Dampers (VDs) between adjacent structures prone to earthquake-induced pounding can help designers to implement VDs with optimizing the cost of construction and achieving higher performance levels for both structures. In this research, the optimal placement of linear and nonlinear VDs between the 3-story, 5-story, and 9-story Steel and RC Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs and RC MRFs) is investigated. It is shown that the pounding phenomenon can significantly affect the seismic performance capacities of buildings during earthquakes, and using VDs can improve the seismic limit-state capacities of buildings for retrofitting purposes. For this goal, the seismic limit-state capacities of both colliding structures were assessed using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) assuming Near-fault Pulse-Like, Near-fault No-Pulse, and Far-Fault seismic records suggested by FEMA-P695. To perform IDAs, structures were modeled according to the seismic codes using a developed algorithm in Matlab and OpenSees software with the ability to remove a collapsed structure during the analysis. The results present an optimal placement for using VDs between structures and also compare the possible conditions to implement VDs. Using these results, engineers can approximately predict the seismic performance levels of both structures prone to earthquake-induced pounding and their final performance after retrofitting. Finally, retrofitting modification factors were proposed to help designers to predict the limit-state performance levels of retrofitted colliding structures without involving complicated and time-consuming analyses.
CTRR-ncRNA: A Knowledgebase for Cancer Therapy Resistance and Recurrence Associated Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Tang Tong , Liu Xingyun , Wu Rongrong , Shen Li , Ren Shumin , Shen Bairong
Published: October 2022

Cancer therapy resistance and recurrence (CTRR) are the dominant causes of death in cancer patients. Recent studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can not only reverse the resistance to cancer therapy but also are crucial biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of CTRR. Herein, we developed CTRR-ncRNA, a knowledgebase of CTRR-associated ncRNAs, aiming to provide an accurate and comprehensive resource for research involving the association between CTRR and ncRNAs. Compared to most of the existing cancer databases, CTRR-ncRNA is focused on the clinical characterization of cancers, including cancer subtypes, as well as survival outcomes and responses to personalized therapy of cancer patients. Information pertaining to biomarker ncRNAs has also been documented for the development of personalized CTRR prediction. A user-friendly interface and several functional modules have been incorporated into the database. Based on the preliminary analysis of genotype–phenotype relationships, universal ncRNAs have been found to be potential biomarkers for CTRR. The CTRR-ncRNA is a translation-oriented knowledgebase and it provides a valuable resource for mechanistic investigations and explainable artificial intelligence-based modeling. CTRR-ncRNA is freely available to the public at http://ctrr.bioinf.org.cn/.
Latin American Feminists, Gender, and the Binary System of Human Rights Protection
Authors: Alterio Ana Micaela
Published: October 2022

On March 26, 2021, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights found Honduras responsible for the killing of Vicky Hernández, a trans woman and human rights defender.1 The Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras judgment is the first in which an international court has protected a trans woman by applying a human rights treaty that protects women. It thus provides an opportunity to analyze the impact of feminist ideas on the system of human rights protection at the regional level, with implications for international law more generally. In this essay, I defend the Inter-American Court's majority decision against the dissenting opinions, by arguing that the political subject of human rights is dynamic and emergent and, therefore, positive law is often one step behind in the struggles for recognition. For this reason, we need interpretations of rights that are inclusive, that evolve, and that push for the destabilization of law as binary, allowing the emergence of a more egalitarian legal system that recognizes intersectionality.
Los Derechos Humanos como Derecho Transnacional
Authors: Contesse Jorge
Published: October 2022

A comienzos del siglo veinte, al celebrarse la primera reunión del entonces recién creado Instituto Americano de Derecho Internacional, juristas de distintos países adoptaron una declaración que estipulaba que “el derecho internacional es a la vez nacional e internacional”1. Casi cien años después, si hay un aspecto del Derecho internacional que tiene un rasgo distintivamente latinoamericano, y que da cuenta de la idea acuñada en esa Declaración, es el Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Desde la adopción de la Declaración Americana de de los Derechos y Deberes del Hombre, en 1948, y especialmente a partir de la década de los cincuenta, con la creación de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, y luego con la adopción de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, en 1969, los derechos fundamentales han sido, son y todo indica que seguirán siendo un proceso y fenómeno radicalmente regional del Derecho internacional. Este ensayo analiza, a través del desarrollo de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana, la manera como se ha construido el Derecho transnacional de los derechos humanos en América Latina, con la formación del sistema interamericano, hasta las formas peculiares de interacción e influencia entre el Derecho internacional y el Derecho constitucional. Revisando la jurisprudencia reciente sobre justiciabilidad de derechos sociales, el ensayo muestra cómo la idea de un derecho común de los derechos humanos presenta dificultades que deben atenderse si se quiere tomar en serio el carácter transnacional de los derechos humanos en la región.
Alterations of Limbic Structure Volumes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Park Kang Min , Kim Jinseung
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

We investigated the change in limbic structure volumes and intrinsic limbic network in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to healthy controls.

Methods:

We enrolled 26 patients with OSA and 30 healthy controls. They underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T MRI scanner. The limbic structures were analyzed volumetrically using the FreeSurfer program. We examined the intrinsic limbic network using the Brain Analysis with Graph Theory program and compared the groups' limbic structure volumes and intrinsic limbic network.

Results:

There were significant differences in specific limbic structure volumes between the groups. The volumes in the right amygdala, right hippocampus, right hypothalamus, right nucleus accumbens, left amygdala, left basal forebrain, left hippocampus, left hypothalamus, and left nucleus accumbens in patients with OSA were lower than those in healthy controls (right amygdala, 0.102 vs. 0.113%, p = 0.004; right hippocampus, 0.253 vs. 0.281%, p = 0.002; right hypothalamus, 0.028 vs. 0.032%, p = 0.002; right nucleus accumbens, 0.021 vs. 0.024%, p = 0.019; left amygdala, 0.089 vs. 0.098%, p = 0.007; left basal forebrain, 0.020 vs. 0.022%, p = 0.027; left hippocampus, 0.245 vs. 0.265%, p = 0.021; left hypothalamus, 0.028 vs. 0.031%, p = 0.016; left nucleus accumbens, 0.023 vs. 0.027%, p = 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in network measures between the groups.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate that the volumes of several limbic structures in patients with OSA are significantly lower than those in healthy controls. However, there are no alterations to the intrinsic limbic network. These findings suggest that OSA is one of the risk factors for cognitive impairments.
High-resolution tropical rain-forest canopy climate data
Authors: Berdugo Monica B. , Heyer Leander , Suarez Contento Karen Yuliana , Déleg Jorge , Bendix Jörg , Bader Maaike Y.
Published: October 2022

Canopy habitats challenge researchers with their intrinsically difficult access. The current scarcity of climatic data from forest canopies limits our understanding of the conditions and environmental variability of these diverse and dynamic habitats. We present 307 days of climate records collected between 2019 and 2020 in the tropical rainforest canopy of the Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. We monitored climate with a 10-min temporal resolution in the middle crowns of eight canopy trees. The distance between canopy climate stations ranged from 700 m to 10 km. Apart from air temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), measured in each canopy climate station, global radiation, rainfall, and wind speed were measured in different subsets of them. We processed the eight data series to omit erroneous records resulting from sensor failures or lack of the solar-based power supply. In addition to the eight original data series, we present three derived data series, two aggregating canopy climate for valleys or for ridges (from four stations each), and one overall average (from the eight stations). This last derived data series contains 306 days, while the shortest of the original data series covers 22 days and the longest 296 days. In addition to the data, two open-source tools, developed in RStudio, are presented that facilitate data visualization (a dashboard) and data exploration (a filtering app) of the original and aggregated records.
A scaling relationship between power and shear for Bernoulli pads at equilibrium
Authors: Tomar Anshul S. , Kamensky Kristina M. , Mejia-Alvarez Ricardo , Hellum Aren M. , Mukherjee Ranjan
Published: October 2022

Bernoulli pads can create a significant normal force on an object without contact. The radial outflow which creates this force also imposes a significant shear force on the object. Better understanding this shear force can improve pad designs in order to mitigate material deformation and damage, or allow the pads to be used as shear-based cleaning implements. Here, we use computational fluid dynamics to explore the parameter space and show a power-law relationship between the fluid power at the pad inlet and the maximum shear stress. These simulations are validated by a particle tracking velocimetry experiment. A relationship between the maximum shear stress and the inlet Reynolds number is provided, and some implications of the observed scaling relationships are explored.