bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Unibody and Non-Unibody Endografts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Medicare Beneficiaries: The SAFE-AAA Study
Authors: Secemsky Eric A. , Song Yang , Sun Tianyu , Johnson Carmen Gacchina , Gatski Megan , Wang Li , Farb Andrew , Lee Robert E. , Shaw Aurko , Xu Jiaman , Yeh Robert W.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Concerns have been raised about the long-term performance of aortic stent grafts for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms, in particular, unibody stent grafts (eg, Endologix AFX AAA stent grafts). Only limited data sets are available to evaluate the long-term risks related to these devices. The SAFE-AAA Study (Comparison of Unibody and Non-Unibody Endografts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Medicare Beneficiaries Study) was designed with the Food and Drug Administration to provide a longitudinal assessment of the safety of unibody aortic stent grafts among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods:

The SAFE-AAA Study was a prespecified, retrospective cohort study evaluating whether unibody aortic stent grafts are noninferior to non-unibody aortic stent grafts with respect to the composite primary outcome of aortic reintervention, rupture, and mortality. Procedures were evaluated from August 1, 2011, through December 31, 2017. The primary end point was evaluated through December 31, 2019. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for imbalances in observed characteristics. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the effect of unmeasured confounding, including assessment of the falsification end points heart failure, stroke, and pneumonia. A prespecified subgroup included patients treated from February 22, 2016, through December 31, 2017, corresponding to the market release of the most contemporary unibody aortic stent grafts (Endologix AFX2 AAA stent graft).

Results:

Of 87 163 patients who underwent aortic stent grafting at 2146 US hospitals, 11 903 (13.7%) received a unibody device. The average age of the total cohort was 77.0±6.7 years, 21.1% were female, 93.5% were White, 90.8% had hypertension, and 35.8% used tobacco. The primary end point occurred in 73.4% of unibody device-treated patients versus 65.0% of non-unibody device–treated patients (hazard ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.15–1.22]; noninferior
P
value of 1.00; median follow-up, 3.4 years). Falsification end points were negligibly different between groups. In the subgroup treated with contemporary unibody aortic stent grafts, the cumulative incidence of the primary end point occurred in 37.5% of unibody device–treated patients and 32.7% of non-unibody device–treated patients (hazard ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.98–1.14]).

Conclusions:

In the SAFE-AAA Study, unibody aortic stent grafts failed to meet noninferiority compared with non-unibody aortic stent grafts with respect to aortic reintervention, rupture, and mortality. These data support the urgency of instituting a prospective longitudinal surveillance program for monitoring safety events related to aortic stent grafts.
Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence and Mechanisms
Authors: Lauzier David C. , Jayaraman Keshav , Yuan Jane Y. , Diwan Deepti , Vellimana Ananth K. , Osbun Joshua W. , Chatterjee Arindam R. , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Dhar Rajat , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: March 2023

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating condition causing significant morbidity and mortality. While outcomes from subarachnoid hemorrhage have improved in recent years, there continues to be significant interest in identifying therapeutic targets for this disease. In particular, there has been a shift in emphasis toward secondary brain injury that develops in the first 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. This time period of interest is referred to as the early brain injury period and comprises processes including microcirculatory dysfunction, blood-brain-barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, oxidative cascades, and neuronal death. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms defining the early brain injury period have been accompanied by improved imaging and nonimaging biomarkers for identifying early brain injury, leading to the recognition of an elevated clinical incidence of early brain injury compared with prior estimates. With the frequency, impact, and mechanisms of early brain injury better defined, there is a need to review the literature in this area to guide preclinical and clinical study.
GRRIEn Analysis: A Data Science Cheat Sheet for Earth Scientists Learning from Global Earth Observations
Authors: Carter Elizabeth , Hultquist Carolynne , Wen Tao
Published: March 2023

Globally available environmental observations (EOs), specifically from satellites and coupled Earth system models, represent some of the largest datasets of the digital age. As the volume of global EOs continues to grow, so does the potential of these data to help Earth scientists discover trends and patterns in Earth systems at large spatial scales. To leverage global EOs for scientific insight, Earth scientists need targeted and accessible exposure to skills in reproducible scientific computing and spatiotemporal data science, and to be empowered to apply their domain understanding to interpret data-driven models for knowledge discovery. The Generalizable, Reproducible, Robust, and Interpreted Environmental (GRRIEn) analysis framework was developed to prepare Earth scientists with an introductory statistics background and limited/no understanding of programming and computational methods to use global EOs to successfully generalize insights from local/regional field measurements across unsampled times and locations. GRRIEn analysis is generalizable, meaning results from a sample are translated to landscape scales by combining direct environmental measurements with global EOs using supervised machine learning; robust, meaning that the model shows good performance on data with scale-dependent feature and observation dependence; reproducible, based on a standard repository structure so that other scientists can quickly and easily replicate the analysis with a few computational tools; and interpreted, meaning that Earth scientists apply domain expertise to ensure that model parameters reflect a physically plausible diagnosis of the environmental system. This tutorial presents standard steps for achieving GRRIEn analysis by combining conventions of rigor in traditional experimental design with the open-science movement.

Significance Statement

Earth science researchers in the digital age are often tasked with pioneering big data analyses, yet have limited formal training in statistics and computational methods such as databasing or computer programming. Earth science researchers often spend tremendous amounts of time learning core computational skills, and making core analytical mistakes, in the process of bridging this training gap, at risk to the reputability of observational geostatistical research. The GRRIEn analytical framework is a practical guide introducing community standards for each phase of the computational research pipeline (dataset engineering, model training, and model diagnostics) to promote rigorous, accessible use of global EOs in Earth systems research.
Spurious Dianeutral Advection and Methods for Its Minimization
Authors: Lang Yandong , Stanley Geoffrey J. , McDougall Trevor J.
Published: March 2023

An existing approximately neutral surface, the ω surface, minimizes the neutrality error and hence also exhibits very small fictitious dianeutral diffusivity Df that arises when lateral diffusion is applied along the surface, in nonneutral directions. However, there is also a spurious dianeutral advection that arises when lateral advection is applied nonneutrally along the surface; equivalently, lateral advection applied along the neutral tangent planes creates a vertical velocity esp through the ω surface. Mathematically, esp = u ⋅ s, where u is the lateral velocity and s is the slope error of the surface. We find that esp produces a leading-order term in the evolution equations of temperature and salinity, being similar in magnitude to the influence of cabbeling and thermobaricity. We introduce a new method to form an approximately neutral surface, called an ωu·s surface, that minimizes esp by adjusting its depth so that the slope error is nearly perpendicular to the lateral velocity. The esp on a surface cannot be reduced to zero when closed streamlines contain nonzero neutral helicity. While esp on the ωu·s surface is over 100 times smaller than that on the ω surface, the fictitious dianeutral diffusivity on the ωu·s surface is larger, nearly equal to the canonical 10−5 m2 s−1 background diffusivity. Thus, we also develop a method to minimize a combination of esp and Df, yielding the
surface, which is recommended for inverse models since it has low Df and it significantly decreases esp through the surface, which otherwise would be a leading term that cannot be ignored in the conservation equations.
Management of Neuroendocrine Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: Ma Brenda L. , Rooks Clayton O. , Christopher Wade O. , Berry Scott M.
Published: March 2023

Neuroendocrine tumors are defined as tumors that express neuroendocrine markers, specifically synaptophysin and/or chromogranin in at least 50% of tumor cells. To date, neuroendocrine cancers of the breast are extremely rare with reports that they account for less than 1% of all neuroendocrine tumors and less than .1% of all breast cancers. Limited literature exists to guide treatment decisions tailored to neuroendocrine tumors of the breast, despite the possibility that they may be associated with an overall worse prognosis. We present a rare case of neuroendocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (NE-DCIS) which was discovered upon workup for bloody nipple discharge. In this case, NE-DCIS was managed with the standard recommended treatment regimen for ductal carcinoma in situ.
Accuracy of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Measured on the Early Morning of the First Postoperative Day in Predicting Clinically Significant Post-Total Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
Authors: Singh Prashant K. , Sahoo Reva S. , Sinha Upasna , Mahto Mala , Jha Chandan K.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Clinical hypocalcemia (CH) following total thyroidectomy (TT) is a potentially life-threatening condition if left untreated. This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of parathyroid hormone (PTH) measured in the early morning of the first postoperative day (POD-1) in predicting CH, and determining the cutoff values of PTH that can predict the development of CH.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing TT between February 2018 and July 2022. Serum PTH, calcium, and albumin levels were measured on morning (6-8 AM) of postoperative day one (POD-1), and serum calcium level was measured from POD-2 onwards. We performed ROC curve analysis to determine the accuracy of PTH in predicting postoperative CH, and cutoff values of PTH to predict CH.

Results

Ninety-one patients, 52 (57.1%) with benign and 39 (42.9%) with malignant goiter were included. The incidence of biochemical, and clinical hypocalcemia was 24.2% and 30.8%, respectively. In our study serum, PTH measured in the early morning of first postoperative day following TT was found to have good accuracy (AUC = .88) in predicting CH. A PTH value of ≥27.15 pg/mL was found to have a 96.4% sensitivity in ruling out CH, while a serum PTH value <10.65 pg/mL had a specificity of 95.2% in predicting CH.

Discussion

Patients with a serum PTH value of ≥27.15 pg/mL can be discharged without any supplements, those with PTH <10.65 pg/mL should be started on calcium and calcitriol supplements, while patients having PTH values between 10.65 and 27.15 pg/mL should be monitored for the development of signs and/or symptoms of hypocalcemia.
Low Threshold for Laparoscopic Exploration in Dementia Patients With Unexplained Abdominal Pain and Risk Factors for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Vakil Deep P. , Shumway Megan C. , Spector Chelsea L. , Carrillo Eddy H. , Rosenthal Andrew
Published: March 2023

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. There are limited studies on the presentation and management of elderly dementia patients with AMI. The following case of an 88-year-old female with dementia presenting with AMI highlights the challenges in the care of elderly dementia patients with AMI, the importance of identifying risk factors and hallmarks of acute mesenteric ischemia early in the clinical course, and suggests that aggressive workup with diagnostic laparoscopy is crucial to timely diagnosis and effective care.
Validating the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Pancreas Injury Grade Using Trauma Quality Improvement Program Data
Authors: Brigode William , Roberts Drew , Capron Gweniviere , Starr Fred , Bokhari Faran
Published: March 2023

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Organ Injury Scale (OIS) for the pancreas was created in 1990. Our aim was to validate the ability of the AAST-OIS pancreas grade to predict adjuncts to operative management, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous drain placement. We analyzed the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database from 2017 to 2019, including all patients with a pancreas injury. Outcomes included the rates of mortality, laparotomy, ERCP, and peri-pancreatic or hepatobiliary percutaneous drain placement. Outcomes were analyzed by AAST-OIS, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95 confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each. 3571 patients were included in the analysis. The AAST grade was associated with increased rates of mortality and laparotomy at every level (P < .05). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography rates increased from grade 2 to 3 (OR 4.685, 95% CI 3.254-6.745), were similar between grades 3 and 4 (P > .05), and decreased from grades 4 to 5 (OR .443, CI .250-.788). Likewise, rates of percutaneous drain placement increased from grade 2 to 3 (OR 1.999, CI 1.192-3.353), were similar between grades 3 and 4 (P > .05), and decreased from grades 4 to 5 (OR .266, .076-.934). Increasing pancreatic injury grade is associated with increased mortality and laparotomy rates at all levels. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous drainage procedures are used most in mid-grade (3-4) pancreatic trauma. The decrease in nonsurgical procedures in grade 5 pancreatic trauma is likely secondary to increased rates of surgical management (resection and/or wide drainage). The AAST-OIS for pancreatic injury is associated with mortality and interventions.
Solution method for time-frequency responds of servo control systems based on frequency domain characteristics
Authors: Lyu Dun , Ren Yibo , Chen Shiji , Liu Hui
Published: March 2023

In view of that the tracking error originates from the amplitude attenuation and phase lag of the setpoints frequency component caused by the servo control system at each moment, this paper puts forward the idea of obtaining the setpoints time-frequency response (STFR) by solving the amplitude attenuation and phase lag of each frequency component of the setpoints at each moment. First, the feasibility of the proposed idea is proved theoretically; Then, the setpoints time-frequency transform is carried out and the solving method of STFR and setpoints time-frequency response error (STFRE) is established; Finally, taking the servo control system as the object, the STFR and STFRE are solved, and the corresponding relationship with the output time-frequency transformation and tracking error is analyzed to verify the proposed method. The contributions of the proposed method are: the method achieves the solution of STFR based on the amplitude attenuation and phase lag of the servo system; it avoids the limitation that only harmonic wavelet bases must be used in the existing method and can be applied to the solution of the time-frequency response of actual setpoints; it can separate the setpoints loss or tracking error caused by amplitude attenuation and phase lag; it can determine the redundancy or lack of strategies such as filters for certain setpoints and servo control system.
How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the personal lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Kaltenboeck Alexander , Portela Millinger Filipe , Stadtmann Sarah , Schmid Christine , Amering Michaela , Vogl Susanne , Fellinger Matthäus
Published: March 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest recent public crises. This study explored its influence on the lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).

Methods:

Between October 2020 and April 2021, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 volunteers with SSDs receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment in Vienna (Austria). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results:

Three main themes were identified. First, ‘Pandemic life is deprived, lonely and surreal – though certain aspects can be perceived as positive’. Second, ‘Bio-psycho-social support systems were struck at their core by the pandemic and were left severely compromised’. Last, ‘There is a complex interplay between one’s prior experience of psychosis and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic’. The pandemic situation affected interviewees in various ways. For many, it led to a drastic reduction in day-to-day and social activities and contributed to an atmosphere of strangeness and threat. Bio-psycho-social support providers frequently suspended their services and offered alternatives were not always helpful. Participants indicated that whilst having an SSD might render them vulnerable to the pandemic situation, prior experience with psychotic crises can also provide knowledge, skills and self-confidence which enable better coping. Some interviewees also perceived aspects of the pandemic situation as helpful for recovering from psychosis.

Conclusion:

Healthcare providers must acknowledge the perspectives and needs of people with SSDs in present and future public health crises to ensure proper clinical support.
Perceived adversity and psychological distress in refugee married couples resettling in the United States
Authors: Khalil Dalia , George Zinah , Templin Thomas , Jenuwine Elizabeth , Javanbakht Arash
Published: March 2023

Background:

Syrian and Iraqi refugees are a growing segment of the U.S. population, and although exposure to war and violence has been linked to psychological distress in individual refugees, few studies have examined the distress in married couples.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 101 Syrian and Iraqi refugee couples was recruited from a community agency. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the relationships between perceived adversity and psychological distress (PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) among individual study participants; and (2) determine whether these relationships were correlated to their spouses’ perceived adversity and psychological distress.

Results:

The bivariate correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between PTSD and depression/anxiety for wives ( r = .79; p < .001) and for husbands ( r = .74; p < .001). There were also low- to mid-range positive cross-associations between husbands’ and wives’ PTSD ( r = .34; p = .001) and depression/anxiety ( r = .43; p < .001). Finally, we found a significant positive association between husbands’ and wives’ perception of adversity ( r = .44; p < .001). Interestingly, the husbands’ perception of adversity was positively associated with their PTSD ( r = .30; p = .02) and depression/ anxiety scores ( r = .26; p = .04) as well as with their wives’ depression/ anxiety scores ( r = .23; p = .08). In contrast, the wives’ perception of adversity was not associated with either their own or their spouses’ psychological distress.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that war, trauma, and stress of migration impact the couple as a unit, possibly due to shared experiences, and the impact of one partner’s stress on the other. Addressing these perceptions and personal interpretations of the adverse experiences via cognitive therapy approaches could help reduce not only stress in the individual but also that of their partner.
What’s the “Problem of Teacher Education” in the 2020s?
Authors: Cochran-Smith Marilyn
Published: March 2023

This article is a rejoinder, some 20 years later, to a JTE editorial, titled “The Problem of Teacher Education.” The previous piece suggested that in response to unprecedented attention by high-level policy makers to “fixing” the “broken” system of teacher education, teacher education was treated as what I called a “policy problem” during the late 1990s and 2000s From this perspective, the goal was to identify which of the broad aspects of teacher education that could be controlled by policymakers was most likely to have a positive impact on teacher quality, defined primarily in terms of teachers’ effectiveness at producing a strong workforce for the new economy. In this new article, the author argues that now—during the 2020s—teacher education should be constructed as an “equity problem.” This means acknowledging that, despite many important and powerful multicultural and other initiatives over the last two decades, dominant educational and social policies, practices, and frames coupled with deeply institutionalized and intransigent racism, linguicism, and homophobia continue to produce educational inequality and inequity and continue to impede the recognition and representation of minoritized groups in determining shared educational values and purposes. A short list of contemporary scholarship and preparation programs/projects that construct teacher education as an “equity problem” is included.
Grief Coach, a Text-Based Grief Support Intervention: Acceptability Among Hospice Family Members
Authors: Levesque Deborah A. , Lunardini Melissa M. , Payne Emma L. , Callison-Burch Vanessa
Published: March 2023

U.S. Medicare-certified hospices must provide bereavement care to family members for 13 months following a patient’s death. This manuscript describes Grief Coach, a text message program that delivers expert grief support and can assist hospices in meeting the bereavement care mandate. It also describes the first 350 Grief Coach subscribers from hospice and the results of a survey of active subscribers ( n = 154) to learn whether and how they found the program helpful. The 13-month program retention rate was 86%. Among survey respondents ( n = 100, response rate = 65%), 73% rated the program as very helpful, and 74% rated it as contributing to their sense of being supported in their grief. Grievers aged 65+ and males gave the highest ratings. Respondents’ comments identify key intervention content that they found helpful. These findings suggest that Grief Coach may be a promising component of hospice grief support programming to meet the needs of grieving family members.
Co-modified h-BN was used to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of natural rubber
Authors: Yang Xiaoyong , He Xiaofang , Xu Fuqin , Hou Zhaoyang , Ma Zhihui , Cai Jing , Jiao Ruimin
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of electronic devices and rubber tires, the industry has put forward new requirements for the heat dissipation of rubber components. With excellent thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often added to plastics or rubber as a thermally conductive filler, but is less effective when used directly. In this study, h-BN-K was prepared by direct modification of the mixed solution of KH-550, and KH-570, while h-BN-PK was prepared by co-modification of dopamine, KH-550, and KH-570. Two modified h-BN were added to natural rubber (NR) to improve the vulcanization properties, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity. It was found that the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of 20 wt% h-BN-PK/NR composites were 30.6 MPa and 0.335 W/mK, which were 39.1% and 110.7% higher compared to pure NR (22.0 MPa and 0.159 W/mK), respectively. In addition, the addition of h-BN improved the thermal stability performance of NR to some extent. In conclusion, the h-BN-PK/NR composites provide a certain reference for the use of thermally conductive NR and suggest new ideas for heat dissipation of electronic devices.
A Rare Laryngeal Schwannoma in an 11-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Li Hongbin , Wang Guixiang , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2023

Schwannomas account for a large proportion of tumors in the head and neck regions; however, schwannomas of the larynx are rare. An 11-year-old boy had a sore throat for one month, and his symptoms gradually worsened such that he needed to visit our otolaryngology clinic. The preoperative investigation revealed a smooth mass in the left arytenoid cartilage. Endoscopy-assisted transoral resection of laryngeal masses was performed under general anesthesia, and the resected tissue was histopathologically diagnosed as a laryngeal schwannoma. The postoperative recovery was very good. During the 1-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the schwannoma or related symptoms. Although laryngeal schwannomas are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these tumors. Sufficient preoperative imaging should be performed before surgical resection, and surgery is the preferred treatment option.
The Evolution of Job Insecurity in Spatial Contexts in Europe During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ibanescu Bogdan-Constantin , Gheorghiu Alexandra , Cristea Mioara , Pascariu Gabriela Carmen ,   PsyCorona Team, Leander Pontus
Published: March 2023

Unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is of the utmost importance for governing bodies worldwide. Its constant increase during the last months is subject of major concern for both citizens and policy makers, as individuals might experience increased feelings of job insecurity due to the pandemic context and to the latest developments on the job market. Job insecurity refers to a perceived threat to the continuity and stability of employment as it is currently experienced and has a negative impact on the individuals’ quality of life. Many researches have linked job insecurity with low levels of well-being and high levels of stress, as well as local or national measures taken in job creation and job retention. Aside from individual factors, there are other critical influences that should be considered in order to better understand the dynamics of job insecurity against the COVID-19 pandemic. Such influences can come from regional features such as spatial, economic, or demographic characteristics, like gender, age, or education.

The aim of the paper is to identify and spatially represent the variations and evolution of job insecurity during the on-going pandemic. Our analyses are based on the PsyCorona database (15.311 participants), a study with self-reported data deployed in countries all around the world, that monitored various psychological variables during the first pandemic waves. For the purpose of this research, data related to the first wave (March-July 2020) was selected. In order to get a better understanding of the spatial distribution of self-reported job insecurity, we chose to focus on eight European countries (France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Greece, Romania, Spain, and Italy). Respondents from Western Europe countries expressed lower scores on self-reported job insecurity and less variance over time while those from Southern and Eastern Europe displayed higher scores for job insecurity and more variance. Moreover, we found that the higher the overall job insecurity is perceived in a country, the higher the discrepancies between age, gender, and education categories tend to be.
Adoption and application of electronic records systems in higher learning institutions
Authors: Clemence Onesta , Luambano Ireneus , Mwantimwa Kelefa
Published: March 2023

Information and communication technology developments that continue to occur have changed the way records are managed. Due to these changes, higher learning institutions in developing countries are adopting different electronic records management systems to increase accountability and efficiency. However, despite the adoption of these systems, the majority of records retrieved in most of these institutions are paper-based. In other words, the e-records systems that have been adopted by these institutions are not effectively utilised to support e-records management, which is one of the things that have been noted by this study that sought to examine the adoption and application of electronic records systems in Tanzania's higher learning institutions. Specifically, the study has examined types of e-records systems and factors affecting the effective adoption and application of e-records systems. To achieve this, a descriptive research design was employed by integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Whereas quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Product Service Solution (SPSS), qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Generally, the study reveals that various e-records management systems are used by higher learning institutions in Tanzania for purposes that are generally similar across the institutions. Moreover, the findings suggest that e-records management systems are not effectively used to support records management due to various human, organizational, technological, and regulatory factors. Therefore, to realize an effective transformation of records management from being paper-based to being electronic-based, various concerted efforts are needed. More specifically, multi-actor efforts between institutional management and records management practitioners are the fulcrum needed for the effective application of e-records systems.
From transformation to normalisation: An exploratory study of a large-scale agile transformation
Authors: Carroll Noel , Conboy Kieran , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: March 2023

Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods at the team level, many software organisations now wish to replicate this success at the organisational level, adopting large-scale agile methods. However, an analysis of extant literature reveals (i) a lack of theoretically grounded studies of large-scale agile transformations; (ii) weak assumptions underpinning those that do exist; and (iii) an overly simplistic and often problematic over-reliance on simple adherence to agile methods. In addition, there is a lack of insights on why large-scale agile transformations fail. To explore this, we apply normalisation process theory (NPT) to examine key challenges in normalising (i.e. the process of embedding and sustaining) large-scale agile methods. We present an in-depth case study of large-scale agile transformation and demonstrate how failing to normalise a large-scale agile method can unravel an organisation’s transformation efforts. There are four key contributions from this research. First, this study shows that the standard focus on initial adoption is one of the main reasons for the widespread failure of digital transformations and in this case a large-scale agile transformation. Second, this is the first study to introduce and empirically apply NPT to information system development (ISD) as an illustrative guide for those across information systems field to follow. Third, we present key recommendations based on NPT to guide researchers and practitioners on the normalisation of large-scale transformations. Fourth, we present an agenda for future research on large-scale agile transformations.
Autograft Demonstrates Superior Outcomes for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction When Compared With Allograft: A Systematic Review
Authors: Belk John W. , Littlefield Connor P. , Smith John-Rudolph H. , McCulloch Patrick C. , McCarty Eric C. , Frank Rachel M. , Kraeutler Matthew J.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Multiple studies have compared outcomes among patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft versus allograft, but these data are inconsistently reported and long-term outcomes depending on graft type are yet to be determined.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes after revision ACLR (rACLR) with autograft versus allograft.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that compared the outcomes of patients undergoing rACLR with autograft versus allograft. The search phrase used was autograft allograft revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Graft rerupture rates, return-to-sports rates, anteroposterior laxity, and patient-reported outcome scores (subjective International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner, Lysholm, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were evaluated.

Results:

Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, including 3011 patients undergoing rACLR with autograft (mean age, 28.9 years) and 1238 patients undergoing rACLR with allograft (mean age, 28.0 years). Mean follow-up was 57.3 months. The most common autograft and allograft types were bone–patellar tendon–bone grafts. Overall, 6.2% of patients undergoing rACLR experienced graft retear, including 4.7% in the autograft group and 10.2% in the allograft group ( P < .0001). Among studies that reported return-to-sports rates, 66.2% of patients with an autograft returned to sports as opposed to 45.3% of patients with an allograft ( P = .01). Two studies found significantly greater postoperative knee laxity in the allograft group as compared with the autograft group ( P < .05). Among all patient-reported outcomes, 1 study found 1 significant difference between groups: patients with an autograft had a significantly higher postoperative Lysholm score when compared with patients with an allograft.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing revision ACLR with an autograft can be expected to experience lower rates of graft retear, higher rates of return to sports, and less postoperative anteroposterior knee laxity when compared with patients undergoing revision ACLR with an allograft.
Reinforcing effect of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in palm kernel polyol based polyurethane composite
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Trinh , Jaafar Mariatti , Ahmad Zubir Syazana
Published: March 2023

Shape memory polyurethane-based palm kernel oil (SMPU based PKOp) has been shown to possess good shape memory properties. However, SMPU based on vegetable oil bear poor mechanical properties, thus enhancing mechanical properties using reinforcement, such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is favorable in term of performance and cost. Nevertheless, the high viscosity of the polymer and high surface energy of GNP are obstacles in achieving a good composite. Therefore, in this research, a series of acid functionalization process was conducted to enhance the distribution of GNP in SMPU matrix, as well as the effects of functionalized GNP on the mechanical and shape memory properties of PKOp based SMPU were investigated. Functionalized GNP-based SMPU composite (PU-F) reached maximum tensile strength at 1wt% of functionalized GNP, which is 150% higher compared to that of neat SMPU while tensile strain at break increased 1590% than that of neat SMPU at 0.25wt% functionalized GNP. However, the shape fixity was almost similar to that of pristine SMPU and all the composite samples exhibited 100% shape recovery.
Neighborhood-Built Environment and Ageism in Later Life
Authors: Chan On Fung , Guo Yingqi , Lu Shiyu , Liu Yuqi , Kwan Chui Cheryl Hiu , Sang Lum Terry Yat
Published: March 2023

Ageism is a global challenge and a public health concern that the recent COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated. Existing research has mainly focused on individual factors, overlooking the association between the neighborhood-built environment and ageism. This study examined this association and whether its effect varied among areas possessing different socioeconomic characteristics. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1278 older people in Hong Kong and merged this with the built environment factors derived from geographical information system data. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association. Findings revealed that more parks were significantly associated with a lower level of ageism, an impact that remained significant in low-income or low-education areas. Conversely, more libraries in high-income areas were associated with a lower level of ageism. Our findings provide urban planners and policymakers insight into planning for the built environment that reduces ageism enabling older people to achieve a better life.
Researching Time and Ageism: Applications of Qualitative Longitudinal Research to the Field
Authors: Keskinen Katri , Nikander Pirjo
Published: March 2023

Interest in ageism research has grown immensely since the term was coined. Despite methodological innovations to study ageism in different settings and the application of different methods and methodologies to the topic, qualitative longitudinal studies investigating ageism are still underrepresented in the field. Through qualitative longitudinal interview data with four individuals of the same age, this study explored the applications of qualitative longitudinal research on ageism, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges to the multidisciplinary study of ageism and to gerontological research. The paper presents four distinctively different narratives through which individuals “do,” “undo,” and “challenge” ageism in their interview dialogues over time. Doing this underlines the importance of understanding the heterogeneity and intersectionality among encounters, expressions, and dynamics of ageism. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential contributions that qualitative longitudinal research makes to ageism research and policy.
Exploring Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: The Role of Family, Friends, and Procedural Justice
Authors: Morrow Weston J. , Vickovic Samuel G.
Published: March 2023

Since its inception in 1990, Tyler's process-based model of regulation has provided a fundamental framework for understanding why people obey the law. Numerous studies have found support for Tyler's process-based model of regulation, with the majority of research reporting an association between procedural justice and legitimacy. The research is limited, however, in its ability to explain the correlates of legitimacy outside of procedural justice, which is surprising considering research indicates that the development of behaviors and attitudes toward legal institutions and actors is complex. Based on the legal socialization literature, the current study explores how perceptions of police legitimacy may be impacted by family and/or peer views of the police. In order to investigate this relationship, the current exploratory study relies on data from students located at two universities in the United States. The results suggest that family views, peer views, and procedural justice are all significantly related to perceived police legitimacy. These findings are explored and contextualized in the broader literature on police legitimacy.
Timing of Violence Exposure and Girls’ Temperament Stability From Childhood to Adolescence
Authors: Battaglia Lindsey P. , Tung Irene , Keenan Kate , Hipwell Alison E.
Published: March 2023

Individual differences in temperament (e.g., negative emotionality) are robust early predictors of emotional and behavioral health. Although temperament is often conceptualized as relatively stable across the lifespan, evidence suggests that it may change over time as a function of social context. Extant studies have been limited by cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal designs that have precluded tests of stability as well as factors that may influence stability across developmental periods. In addition, few studies have tested the impact of social contexts that are common for children living in urban and under-resourced environments, such as exposure to community violence. In the present study we hypothesized that levels of negative emotionality, activity, and shyness would decrease across development from childhood to mid-adolescence as a function of early exposure to violence in the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a community study of girls enriched for families living in low-resourced neighborhoods. Temperament was assessed by parent- and teacher-report on the Emotionality Activity Sociability Shyness Temperament Survey in childhood (5–8-years-old), early-adolescence (11-years-old), and mid-adolescence (15-years-old). Violence exposure (e.g., victim of or witness to violent crime, exposure to domestic violence) was assessed annually via child and parent report. Results showed that on average, combined caregiver and teacher reports of negative emotionality and activity level exhibited small but significant reductions from childhood to adolescence, whereas shyness remained stable. Violence exposure in early adolescence predicted increases in negative emotionality and shyness by mid-adolescence. Violence exposure was not associated with stability of activity level. Our findings suggest that exposure to violence, particularly in early adolescence, amplifies individual differences in shyness and negative emotionality, underlying an important pathway of risk for developmental psychopathology.
Predictive modeling of surface roughness in hard turning with rotary cutting tool based on multiple regression analysis, artificial neural network, and genetic programing methods
Authors: Bien Duong Xuan
Published: March 2023

This present paper deals with the results of setting up and evaluating the quality of surface roughness (SR) prediction models through hard turning with self-driven rotary cutting tools for 40X steel shaft with hardness 45HRC. The cutting parameters are considered to establish the SR prediction model include angle tilt of cutting tool axis, depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed. The predictive models (PM) are established utilizing Multi-variables Regression Analysis (MRA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Genetic Programming (GP) methods. In this regard, four MRA, four ANN, and three GP structures are considered to select the most suitable model. The criteria to estimate the PM quality include Coefficient of Determination ( R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). Whereby, two data sets were collected to construct regression models (RM) and to serve verification. That dataset was originated from 63 experiments (Ep) including 54 Ep for establishing PM and 9 extensive experiments (EEp) for testing PM. The prediction criteria of the MRA3 model gave the best results in four MRA models with R2 of 0.99, MSE of 0.042, and MAPE of 8.087%. The ANN1 gives the most reliable assessment criteria in four ANN models and the GP3 model gave the best in three GP models. The results of predicting the SR value between the selected MRA and ANN and GP models will be assessed in detail. Accordingly, the evaluation criteria of the ANN1 model are the best with the smallest MSE (0.032) and MAPE (7.207%). The MRA3 and GP3 have a lower confidence predictive criteria value than the ANN1 model.
Analysis of machined surface topography of AISI M2 in hard turning based on Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Zhou Tianwen , Wu Qingtang , Wang Zezhen , Zhao Guofa , Li Shan , Guo Bo , Wu Huan
Published: March 2023

The surface topography of the workpiece directly affects its service performance. In this study, CLSM and SEM are used to analyze the effects of turning speed, turning feed, and turning depth on the three dimensional topography and surface defects of the machined surface. Amplitude parameters are used to characterize the machined surface topography of hard turning. Twelve groups of single factor experiments are used to analyze the influence of turning parameters on surface topography. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 15 groups of Box-Behnken Design (BBD), whether cutting parameters have significant influence on arithmetic mean deviation ( Sa) is analyzed. A mathematical statistical model of Sa is established by Response Surface Methodology, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by 10 groups of experiments. By analyzing the research results, it can be concluded that: (1) The consistency of the surface topography of hard turning is good; (2) In the turning feed direction, the surface defects of the machined surface by hard turning include turning grooves, material side flow, adhering chips, and material surface tearing; (3) In hard turning, the most significant factor affecting the three dimensional roughness ( Sa) is the turning feed.
An innovative method for scene recognition and target tracking for adaptive cruise control in complex traffic environment
Authors: Zhang Litong , Liu Congzhi , Wang Baichao , Chen Xiang
Published: March 2023

The adaptive cruise control (ACC) system as a typical advanced driver assistant system (ADAS) has been commercially application in automotive industry for decades. An innovative method is proposed in this paper for scene recognition and target tracking for ACC application in some complex traffic environment. Firstly, a multi-sensor fusion method is established to estimate the curvature integrated by the quadratic programing (QP)-based lane boundaries detection, vehicle dynamics of lateral motion, and an improved Kalman filter (IKF) to introduce more measurement information into the feedback correction process. Then, the closet in-path vehicle (CIPV) can be selected according to the statistical distance between the tracked targets and the predicted driving path of ego vehicle. To distinguish the lane changing and curve driving behaviors, the trajectory models of obstacles are established as an ellipsoid domain equation and transformed into a regression model, which is recast as a standardized QP problem. Hence, the behaviors and scenes can be recognized effectively. To restrain the disturbance and improve the accuracy and robustness of target tracking, an [Formula: see text]-based switched tracking method is proposed by combining of the low pass filter (LPF) and [Formula: see text] theory. Finally, an accurate and robust tracker is provided for the CIPV by incorporating with four steps: IKF-based curvature fusion estimation, CIPV selection, QP-based scene recognition, and the [Formula: see text]-based observer. Moreover, two real car experiments are adopted and the results verify the effectiveness and real-time performance of the proposed method.