bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkyl glucoside sensitization: hazards of environmentally friendly products Recommendation for inclusion to the Hungarian environmental baseline series
Authors:   Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Venereology and Dermatooncology, Jagodich Mira , Németh Dominik , Pónyai Györgyi
Published: January 2023

Alkyl glucosides are compounds with cleaning, foaming, and emulsifying properties. They have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their environmentally- friendly features. They are mainly used in products for environmentally conscious consumers. Alkyl glucosides are present in 10% of products according to the Contact Allergen Management Program (CAMP) database. They are present in shower gels, soaps, shampoos, sunscreens, detergents, hair dyes, perfumes, and deodorants. They are also found in wipes for newborns and infants, so there is a risk of early sensitization. Their presence has also been described in foam wound dressings and antimicrobial foam dressings. Their importance is highlighted by the fact that in 2017, the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) named alkyl glucosides as „allergens of the year”. The present article describes the frequency and characteristics of decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside sensitization in patients patch tested between 2018 and 2021 at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology of the Semmelweis University. From January 2018 to December 2021, a total of 1160 patients were patch tested and 30 patients (2,59%) had a positive reaction to at least one of the alkyl glucosides. 7 patients were sensitized only to decyl glucoside, 10 patients only to a lauryl glucoside, and 13 patients to both alkyl glucosides. 56.67% of the alkyl glucoside sensitized patients were female, and 26.67 - 26.67% were in the age group 20- 29 years and 60-69 years. Patients sensitized with alkyl glucoside most commonly had allergic contact dermatitis symptoms all over the body, on the face, and hands. The positive patch test reactions occurred mainly in the 72. hour. The most common co-sensitizations were methylisothiazolinone (MI) and nickel (II) sulfate. 30% of the alkyl glucoside sensitized patients had a history of atopic dermatitis. According to our results, we recommend the inclusion of decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside in the Hungarian standard patch test series.
Diabetic foot – diagnosis, treatment, footcare
Authors:   Istenhegyi Private Clinic Budapest, Daróczy Judit
Published: January 2023

Diabetes and its associated complications are of a growing concern. The the diabetic foot ulcer and soft tussue infection are due to neuropathy, trauma and concomitant peripheral artery occlusive disease. The diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes affecting 15% of diabetics in their lives. Diabetic foot ulcers can subsequently lead to hospitalisation and lower limb amputation if not recognised and treated in a timely manner. The ulceration of the foot represents a major global medical, social and economic problem. A multidisciplinary approach to care for the diabetic foot is recommended, which includes annual (3-month intervals in high-risk patients) assessments by a primary care physician and referral to a podiatrist and vascular surgeon. Offloading of the diabetic foot remains the cornerstoene for ulceration prevention and healing.
New methods in wound care
Authors:   National Musculoskeletal Institute, Farkas Péter
Published: January 2023

The treatment of chronic wounds changed significantly in the last few decades. While in the past the availability of simple, traditional wound treatment materials, sterile mull sheets, gauze bandages, adhesive plasters, and melbromine wound disinfectants was often limited, nowadays these tools have been replaced by modern (often called intelligent) wound dressings and advanced technologies. The progress experienced in many fields of medicine can also be clearly seen in wound treatment. New materials, tools and methods have been developed, intensive research has been achieved to detect the development of chronic wounds, to get to know local and systemic processes, and to investigate the molecular background of wound healing. Large-scale developments can also be seen by the wound dressing manufacturing companies, industrial partners have carried out significant innovation - for the purpose of developing new products and their practical application.
The importance of infection prevention and control in chronic wound care
Authors:   Istenhegyi Private Clinic Budapest, Szabó Rita , Barcs István
Published: January 2023

Infection is a common complication of chronic wounds. It leads to delays in wound healing and, because of their morbidity, mortality and cost, these issues are a significant patient safety concern in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Several studies have shown that infection prevention and control programs can decrease healthcare-associated infection and chronic wound infection rates. This paper reviews the preventive strategies which should be basically used in chronic wound care.
Low frequency sound absorption performance of large sized active micro-perforated panel absorber in free field
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Xi-Yue , Chen Ke-An , Liu Tao ,   School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China,   School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: January 2023

The active micro-perforated panel absorber has excellent low frequency sound absorption performance, which is expected to realize low-frequency noise reduction in large space of the cabin. Since its active sound absorption performance depends on the incident sound field environment, on the basis of the existing research conclusions in the duct, the active sound absorption performance of the large-sized active micro-perforated panel absorber under the excitation of a normal incident plane wave in typical free field environment is in depth investigated. First, the theoretical model of the active micro-perforated panel absorber is established by using the modal analysis approach, in which a reflection coefficient varying with position is introduced to represent the reflected sound wave on the surface of the active micro-perforated panel absorber in free field. Then, the physical mechanism of active control is thoroughly analyzed and the error sensing strategy is established. Finally, an experiment is carried out to validate the theoretical model and findings. Results obtained demonstrate that the greater the amplitude of the (0, 0, 0) cavity mode excited by the incident plane wave, the stronger the reflection effect on the incident sound wave is, and vice versa. The control source suppresses the (0, 0, 0) mode so that this mode will not reflect and absorb the incident plane wave substantially when its amplitude is reduced to an optimal value. This is main mechanism of the sound absorption improvement in the low frequency range. However, the excited high order cavity modes (except for (0, 0, 0) mode) greatly reflect the incident sound energy in free field and exert a negative effect on sound absorption improvement. Thus, the control performance of the active micro-perforated panel absorber weakens in free field in comparison with that in the duct. The pressure-release and impedance-matching strategies are still applicable to free field as long as such a situation holds, i.e. the (0, 0, 0) cavity mode can be substantially suppressed by the control source and at the same time the high order cavity modes cannot be highly excited.
Structure-based prediction of T cell receptor:peptide-MHC interactions
Authors: Bradley Philip
Published: January 2023

The regulatory and effector functions of T cells are initiated by the binding of their cell-surface T cell receptor (TCR) to peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on other cells. The specificity of TCR:peptide-MHC interactions, thus, underlies nearly all adaptive immune responses. Despite intense interest, generalizable predictive models of TCR:peptide-MHC specificity remain out of reach; two key barriers are the diversity of TCR recognition modes and the paucity of training data. Inspired by recent breakthroughs in protein structure prediction achieved by deep neural networks, we evaluated structural modeling as a potential avenue for prediction of TCR epitope specificity. We show that a specialized version of the neural network predictor AlphaFold can generate models of TCR:peptide-MHC interactions that can be used to discriminate correct from incorrect peptide epitopes with substantial accuracy. Although much work remains to be done for these predictions to have widespread practical utility, we are optimistic that deep learning-based structural modeling represents a path to generalizable prediction of TCR:peptide-MHC interaction specificity.
Bacterial lifestyle switch in response to algal metabolites
Authors: Barak-Gavish Noa , Dassa Bareket , Kuhlisch Constanze , Nussbaum Inbal , Brandis Alexander , Rosenberg Gili , Avraham Roi , Vardi Assaf
Published: January 2023

Unicellular algae, termed phytoplankton, greatly impact the marine environment by serving as the basis of marine food webs and by playing central roles in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. The interactions between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria affect the fitness of both partners. It is becoming increasingly recognized that metabolic exchange determines the nature of such interactions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we investigated the molecular and metabolic basis for the bacterial lifestyle switch, from coexistence to pathogenicity, in Sulfitobacter D7 during its interaction with Emiliania huxleyi, a cosmopolitan bloom-forming phytoplankter. To unravel the bacterial lifestyle switch, we analyzed bacterial transcriptomes in response to exudates derived from algae in exponential growth and stationary phase, which supported the Sulfitobacter D7 coexistence and pathogenicity lifestyles, respectively. In pathogenic mode, Sulfitobacter D7 upregulated flagellar motility and diverse transport systems, presumably to maximize assimilation of E. huxleyi-derived metabolites released by algal cells upon cell death. Algal dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was a pivotal signaling molecule that mediated the transition between the lifestyles, supporting our previous findings. However, the coexisting and pathogenic lifestyles were evident only in the presence of additional algal metabolites. Specifically, we discovered that algae-produced benzoate promoted the growth of Sulfitobacter D7 and hindered the DMSP-induced lifestyle switch to pathogenicity, demonstrating that benzoate is important for maintaining the coexistence of algae and bacteria. We propose that bacteria can sense the physiological state of the algal host through changes in the metabolic composition, which will determine the bacterial lifestyle during interaction.
Biologging as an important tool to uncover behaviors of cryptic species: an analysis of giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus)
Authors: Cullen Joshua A. , Attias Nina , Desbiez Arnaud L.J. , Valle Denis
Published: January 2023

Advances in biologging have increased the understanding of how animals interact with their environment, especially for cryptic species. For example, giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) are the largest extant species of armadillo but are rarely encountered due to their fossorial and nocturnal behavior. Through the analysis of speed, turning angles, and accelerometer activity counts, we estimated behavioral states, characterized activity budgets, and investigated the state-habitat associations exhibited by individuals monitored with GPS telemetry in the Brazilian Pantanal from 2019 to 2020. This methodology is proposed as a useful framework for the identification of priority habitat. Using the non-parametric Bayesian mixture model for movement (M3), we estimated four latent behavioral states that were named ‘vigilance-excavation’, ‘local search’, ‘exploratory’, and ‘transit’. These states appeared to correspond with behavior near burrows or termite mounds, foraging, ranging, and rapid movements, respectively. The first and last hours of activity presented relatively high proportions of the vigilance-excavation state, while most of the activity period was dominated by local search and exploratory states. The vigilance-excavation state occurred more frequently in regions between forest and closed savannas, whereas local search was more likely in high proportions of closed savanna. Exploratory behavior probability increased in areas with high proportions of both forest and closed savanna. Our results establish a baseline for behavioral complexity, activity budgets, and habitat associations in a relatively pristine environment that can be used for future work to investigate anthropogenic impacts on giant armadillo behavior and fitness. The integration of accelerometer and GPS-derived movement data through our mixture model has the potential to become a powerful methodological approach for the conservation of other cryptic species.
A Tesztüzemi Információs Rendszer eredményei, 2021
Authors: Keszthelyi Szilárd
Published: January 2023

Az elemzéshez a Tesztüzemi Információs Rendszer 2021. évi adatait használtuk fel. Az adatgyűjtés összesen 2125 mintaüzemet fog át. A tesztüzemi minta segítségével reprezentált és vizsgált 106 ezer gazdaság az összes regisztrált gazdaság által használt földterület 95,3 százalékát művelte, illetve az összes standard termelési érték 97,4 százalékát állította elő. A tesztüzemi rendszer mintaadatait a 2020-as agrárcenzus adataival súlyoztuk. A gazdaságok által használt átlagos mezőgazdasági terület 47,23 hektár, egy gazdaság átlagosan 1,4 főt foglalkoztatott. Országos szinten az árutermelő egyéni gazdaságok az összes nettó hozzáadott érték 62,8 százalékát, a társas vállalkozások pedig a 37,2 százalékát állították elő. Az egy hektárra jutó árbevétel 10 százalékkal nőtt, a közvetlen támogatás 3 százalékkal csökkent, valamint az anyagjellegű költségek 9 százalékkal növekedtek, így a mezőgazdaság jövedelmezősége a nettó hozzáadott érték alapján vizsgálva 12 százalékos növekedést mutat. Egyéni gazdaságok esetében az adózás előtti eredmény alapján vizsgált nettó jövedelem folyóáron 27 százalékkal, azonban fogyasztói árindexszel korrigálva is 7,65 százalékkal nőtt (263,45 ezer forint) 2020-hoz képest. Ez egyben azt is jelenti, hogy az utóbbi évek növekedése után egy újabb jövedelemugrás következett be. A társas gazdaságok egy hektárra jutó adózás előtti eredménye 145,83 ezer forint/hektár, mely az inflációt is figyelembe véve 6 százalékos növekedés, így a társas gazdaságok is összességében rekordévet zártak. Az egy hektárra jutó mezőgazdasági bruttó beruházások volumene 18 százalékkal lett magasabb az előző évhez képest, ami az amortizációs költségek emelkedésében is tetten érhető. A rekordméretű beruházást a Vidékfejlesztési Program (VP) kifizetéseivel is fűtötték: a beruházási támogatások az előző évi magas szinten maradtak (13,89 ezer forint/hektár). Az egy hektárra jutó nettó beruházás (amortizációval és selejtezésekkel csökkentett bruttó beruházás) 67 százalékkal bővült. A beruházásokkal összefüggésben a finanszírozási szerkezet is változott, az egy hektárra jutó hosszú lejáratú kötelezettségek állománya 31 százalékkal, ezen belül a beruházási és fejlesztési hitelek 34 százalékkal növekedtek. Azonban a magas jövedelmezőség miatt a vállalkozások nem adósodtak el számottevően, a korábbi évek tartósan magas jövedelmezősége jelentős fedezetet biztosított a beruházások finanszírozására. A vállalkozások a megtermelt jövedelem tetemes részét ismét visszaforgatták, a saját tőke értéke 14 százalékkal lett magasabb.
Molecular Characterization, Optimization and Production of PHA by Indigenous Bacteria Using Alternative Nutrient Sources as Substrate
Authors: Dienye B. N. , Agwa O. K. , Abu G. O.
Published: January 2023

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are renewable, biodegradable biopolymer intracellularly accumulated by wide array of microorganisms as carbon reserve. This study investigates the influence of various cultural conditions on PHA production by a recently isolated local species under submerged fermentation. Six PHA producing strains were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and strain Priestia flexa OWO1 showed satisfactory PHA productivity. The effects of production parameters were investigated and extraction of PHA was carried out using sodium hypochlorite method and maximum amount was detected after 72h. Maximum PHA production was obtained at incubation period of 48h, pH of 7.0 and temperature of 30oC. Amongst the hydrolysate of agro waste used, brewers spent grain (BSG) gave maximum yield of 3.01g/L while beans bran powder gave the highest PHA yields of 3.9 g/L amongst the organic nitrogen sources tested.  Analysis of the crude PHA by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the presence of methyl, methylene as well as carbonyl functional groups. PHA production was higher after optimizing the production conditions as compared to basal medium therefore the utilization of these cheap renewable resources as alternative substrates for production of PHA make the process cost effective and sustainable.
Collective—Documentary of a National Health Care Tragedy
Authors: Strilciuc Ștefan , Gheorghe Adrian
Published: January 2023

This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the 2019 movie Collective, which documents corruption underlying poor patient outcomes in the Romanian national health system and provides an update on the people and reform efforts featured in the film.
DEA supports removal of buprenorphine regulations
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

In a letter last week from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to prescribers, the federal agency writes that it “fully supports” the elimination of the DATA‐Waiver Program. In other words, the agency, which fought hard alongside the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for an X‐waiver it would oversee for buprenorphine prescribing, celebrates the elimination, not only of the X‐waiver, but also of caps. Prescribers are now free — subject to state regulations, of course — to prescribe buprenorphine at will, without even informing HHS of their intent to do so.
Redox Biology in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity
Authors: Yu Jian , Qiu Jin , Zhang Zhe , Cui Xiangdi , Guo Wenxiu , Sheng Maozheng , Gao Mingyuan , Wang Dongmei , Xu Lingyan , Ma Xinran
Published: January 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by‐product of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular metabolism, is vital for cellular survival, proliferation, damage, and senescence. In recent years, studies have shown that ROS levels and redox status in adipose tissue are strongly associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. Although it was previously considered that excessive production of ROS and impairment of antioxidant capability leads to oxidative stress and potentially contributes to increased adiposity, it has become increasingly evident that an adequate amount of ROS is vital for adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. In this review, by providing a systematic overview of the recent understanding of the key factors of redox systems, endogenous mechanisms for redox homeostasis, advanced techniques for dynamic redox monitoring, as well as exogenous stimuli for redox production in adipose tissues and obesity, the importance of redox biology in metabolic health is emphasized.
Sound‐Speed Modifying Acoustic Metasurfaces for Acoustic Holography
Authors: Xu Mingxin , Harley William S. , Ma Zhichao , Lee Peter V. S. , Collins David J.
Published: January 2023

Acoustic metasurfaces offer unique capabilities to steer and direct acoustic fields, though these are generally composed of complex 3D structures, complicating their fabrication and applicability to higher frequencies. Here, an ultrathin metasurface approach is demonstrated, wherein planarized micropillars in a discretized phase array are utilized. This subwavelength metasurface is easily produced via a single‐step etching process and is suitable for megahertz‐scale applications. The flexibility of this approach is further demonstrated in the production of complex acoustic patterns via acoustic holography. This metasurface approach, with models used to predict their behavior, has broad potential in applications where robust, high‐frequency acoustic manipulation is required, including microfluidics, cell/tissue engineering, and medical ultrasound.
3D Mosaic Carbon Nanofiber Sensors for Room‐Temperature Detection of Methane and Other Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yang , Zheng Xing , Long Yin , Du Hongfei , Li Xian , Bai Chunjiang , Du Xiaosong
Published: January 2023

Hydrocarbons and carbon oxides are typical dissolved gases in transformer oil that reflect the latent pitfalls, on‐line monitoring of their concentrations can effectively evaluate the operating status of the power transformer. However, these low‐concentration targets (especially for CH4) show high chemical inertness at room temperature, challenging the sensitive performance of current commonly used chemiresistive gas sensors. Herein, a strategy by combining traditional inorganic semiconductors to carbon nanofiber (CNF) via electrospinning–annealing route is described. Three optimized 3D mosaic films, CNFs scaffold incorporated with WO3, SnO2and MoS2nanoparticles, are obtained. Due to the large specific surface area of the 3D network, and the synergic and heterojunction effects between nanoparticles and CNFs, all three sensors exhibit high response to CH4at room temperature, and also record distinguishable signals toward H2, C2H4, CO and CO2, revealing the three sensors are cross‐sensitive to the five analytes. Accordingly, preliminary discrimination of five dissolved gases is realized by principle component analysis. This study provides an effective and extendable solution of preparing room‐temperature chemiresistive sensors for the detection of CH4and other gases, and offers a strategy for the construction of sensor array to achieve a high discrimination capability.
Designable Electrical/Thermal Coordinated Dual‐Regulation Based on Liquid Metal Shape Memory Polymer Foam for Smart Switch
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Kang Sibo , Wu Chao , Cheng Zhongjun , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan , Zhang Dongjie
Published: January 2023

Electronic components with tunable resistance, especially with synergistic regulation of thermal conductivity, play important roles in the fields of electronics, smart switch, soft robots, and so on. However, it is still a challenge to get the material with various resistance and thermal conductivity stably without lasting external force. Herein, a liquid metal shape memory polymer foam (LM‐SMF) is developed by loading electrically and thermally conductive liquid metal (LM) on deformable foam skeleton. Based on thermal response shape memory effect, the foam skeleton can be reversibly pressed, the process of which enables LM to transfer between connected and disconnected states. As a result, obtained LM‐SMF shows that the resistance stably changes from 0.8 Ω (conductor) to 200 MΩ (insulator), and the thermal conductivity difference is up to 4.71 times (0.108 to 0.509 W m−1 K−1), which indicates that LM‐SMF can achieve the electrical and thermal dual‐regulation. Moreover, LM‐SMF can be used as a designable self‐feedback/‐warning integrated smart switch or tunable infrared stealth switch. This work proposes a novel strategy to get the material with electrical–thermal coordinated dual‐regulation, which is possibly applied in intelligent heating system with real‐time monitoring function, electrothermal sensor in the future.
Tailored Dispersion of Spectro‐Temporal Dynamics in Hot‐Carrier Plasmonics
Authors: Kim Andrew S. , Taghinejad Mohammad , Goswami Anjan , Raju Lakshmi , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Cai Wenshan
Published: January 2023

Ultrafast optical switching in plasmonic platforms relies on the third‐order Kerr nonlinearity, which is tightly linked to the dynamics of hot carriers in nanostructured metals. Although extensively utilized, a fundamental understanding on the dependence of the switching dynamics upon optical resonances has often been overlooked. Here, all‐optical control of resonance bands in a hybrid photonic‐plasmonic crystal is employed as an empowering technique for probing the resonance‐dependent switching dynamics upon hot carrier formation. Differential optical transmission measurements reveal an enhanced switching performance near the anti‐crossing point arising from strong coupling between local and nonlocal resonance modes. Furthermore, entangled with hot‐carrier dynamics, the nonlinear correspondence between optical resonances and refractive index change results in tailorable dispersion of recovery speeds which can notably deviate from the characteristic lifetime of hot carriers. The comprehensive understanding provides new protocols for optically characterizing hot‐carrier dynamics and optimizing resonance‐based all‐optical switches for operations across the visible spectrum.
Heterogeneous Integration of Atomically‐Thin Indium Tungsten Oxide Transistors for Low‐Power 3D Monolithic Complementary Inverter
Authors: Li Zhen‐Hao , Chiang Tsung‐Che , Kuo Po‐Yi , Tu Chun‐Hao , Kuo Yue , Liu Po‐Tsun
Published: January 2023

In this work, the authors demonstrate a novel vertically‐stacked thin film transistor (TFT) architecture for heterogeneously complementary inverter applications, composed of p‐channel polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) and n‐channel amorphous indium tungsten oxide (a‐IWO), with a low footprint than planar structure. The a‐IWO TFT with channel thickness of approximately 3‐4 atomic layers exhibits high mobility of 24 cm2V−1s−1, near ideally subthreshold swing of 63 mV dec−1, low leakage current below 10−13A, high on/off current ratio of larger than 109, extremely small hysteresis of 0 mV, low contact resistance of 0.44 kΩ‐µm, and high stability after encapsulating a passivation layer. The electrical characteristics of n‐channel a‐IWO TFT are well‐matched with p‐channel poly‐Si TFT for superior complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor technology applications. The inverter can exhibit a high voltage gain of 152 V V−1at low supply voltage of 1.5 V. The noise margin can be up to 80% of supply voltage and perform the symmetrical window. The pico‐watt static power consumption inverter is achieved by the wide energy bandgap of a‐IWO channel and atomically‐thin channel. The vertically‐stacked complementary field‐effect transistors (CFET) with high energy‐efficiency can increase the circuit density in a chip to conform the development of next‐generation semiconductor technology.
Sustained Intratumoral Administration of Agonist CD40 Antibody Overcomes Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Liu Hsuan‐Chen , Davila Gonzalez Daniel , Viswanath Dixita Ishani , Vander Pol Robin Shae , Saunders Shani Zakiya , Di Trani Nicola , Xu Yitian , Zheng Junjun , Chen Shu‐Hsia , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Agonist CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for cold‐to‐hot tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) conversion. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer known as an immune desert, and therefore urgently needs more effective treatment. Conventional systemic treatment fails to effectively penetrate the characteristic dense tumor stroma. Here, it is shown that sustained low‐dose intratumoral delivery of CD40 mAb via the nanofluidic drug‐eluting seed (NDES) can modulate the TIME to reduce tumor burden in murine models. NDES achieves tumor reduction at a fourfold lower dosage than systemic treatment while avoiding treatment‐related adverse events. Further, abscopal responses are shown where intratumoral treatment yields growth inhibition in distant untreated tumors. Overall, the NDES is presented as a viable approach to penetrate the PDAC immune barrier in a minimally invasive and effective manner, for the overarching goal of transforming treatment.
Quantum Solid Phase and Coulomb Drag in 2D Electron–Electron Bilayers of MoS2
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Wu Zefei , Wang Ning , Chui Siu‐Tat
Published: January 2023

Coulomb drag experiments can give information about the interaction state of double‐layer systems. Here, anomalous Coulomb drag behaviors are demonstrated in a 2D electron–electron bilayer system constructed by stacking atomically thin MoS2 on opposite sides of thin dielectric layers of boron nitride. In the low‐temperature regime, the measured drag resistance does not follow the behavior predicted by the Coulomb drag models of exchanging momenta and energies with the particles in Fermi‐liquid bilayer systems. Instead, it shows an upturn to higher and higher values. Quantum solid/fluid phases and the Kosterlitz–Thouless/Wigner 2D quantum melting transition are investigated in this bilayer system and this interesting phenomenon is described based on thermally activated carriers of quantum defects from the formation of the correlation‐induced electron solid phases, with enhanced stabilization by the potential due to the boron nitride dielectric layers.
The role of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in cultivating the next generation of social justice and public service‐oriented moral leaders during the racial reckoning and COVID‐19 pandemics
Authors: Franklin Robert , Younge Sinead , Jensen Kipton
Published: January 2023

In the United States, college has often served as an incubator for social change agents in the form of student activism and participation in broader social movements. Historically Black colleges and university (HBCUs) have played a pivotal role in social justice movements since their inception with the most notable example being the central role of HBCUs in the Civil Rights Movement. The role of HBCUs in cultivating exemplary leaders provides invaluable examples and frameworks for tackling the dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and the latest racial reckoning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of how an all‐male HBCU contributes to the development of moral leadership and how that tradition has evolved with the current dual pandemics. We provide a historical overview of Morehouse's leadership models and provide a case study from students currently enrolled at Morehouse College, the only all‐male, historically Black college in the United States. Student participants described how leadership has evolved from previous generations, the impact of social media, and what it means to be a moral leader and how the HBCU tradition, shapes leadership.
The role of Hazarewal populations in the peopling of South Asia: A dental morphology investigation
Authors: Akbar Nazia , Ullah Inam , Ahmad Habib , Ali Ihsan , Hemphill Brian E.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study seeks to accomplish three objectives: assess the biological impact of historically documented Pathan‐speaking populations on present‐day Hazarewal ethnic groups, determine consilience in patterns of relationships identified by molecular genetics and dental morphology analyses, and determine which of the current models for the peopling of the Indian subcontinent is best supported by dental morphology analysis.

Materials and Methods

Dental morphology traits were scored with the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System among living members of 18 ethnic group samples from South Asia in northern Pakistan and 13 prehistoric samples from south‐central Asia and South Asia. Affinities were summarized with raw percentages and Smith's MMD. Affinities based on the former were accomplished with correspondence analysis and principal components analysis. Affinities based on the latter were undertaken with neighbor‐joining cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.

Results

Biodistances based on 17 tooth‐trait combinations suggest the human biological history in South Asia is dominated by long‐standing continuity, but this continuity is not absolute. There is no evidence for influx of Central Asians or Pathan influences on Hazarewal ethnic groups. Instead, gene flow likely occurred, albeit from other sources, near the beginning of the Holocene and at the beginning of the Iron Age.

Discussion

Consilience in results obtained with molecular genetics and dental morphology analyses is good. Both indicate long‐standing population continuity over time and clinal variation emanating from Hazarewal to the south and east. However, dental morphology suggests an early Holocene influx of exogenous genes, perhaps from southern Iran, while ruling out a steppe‐based influx during the mid‐2nd millennium BC.
Correspondence on “Crystalline Porous Organic Salt for Ultrarapid Adsorption/Desorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Dual Hydrogen Bond System”
Authors: Muang‐Non Phonlakrit , Richardson Christopher , White Nicholas G.
Published: January 2023

In a recent Research Article, Ben and co‐workers reported a hydrogen‐bonded framework prepared from a 4+tetra‐amidinium component and a 4−tetra‐sulfonate component, termed CPOS‐6. They showed that CPOS‐6 could reversibly adsorb and desorb water over a narrow humidity window, and that this material offered potential for applications in atmospheric water harvesting. This conclusion was supported by experiments that showed the material was stable over 50 adsorption/desorption cycles and that the kinetics of these cycles were very rapid. In this Correspondence we present additional structural data regarding this framework in both its hydrated and dehydrated states and thus discern the mechanism of water binding. These data do not disagree with Ben and co‐workers’ findings: rather they emphasise how remarkable the cyclability and rapid kinetics of adsorption/desorption are, as these processes involve a complete crystal‐to‐crystal rearrangement of the framework.
Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins
Authors: Harel Omer , Jbara Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Nature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post‐expression modifications—transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Electrooxidative Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H/N−H Annulation with Alkenes
Authors: Yao Qi‐Jun , Huang Fan‐Rui , Chen Jia‐Hao , Zhong Ming‐Yu , Shi Bing‐feng
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the merging of electrosynthesis with 3d metal catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a sustainable and powerful technique in organic synthesis. Despite the impressive advantages, the development of an enantioselective version remains elusive and poses a daunting challenge. Herein, we report the first electrooxidative cobalt‐catalyzed enantio‐ and regioselective C−H/N−H annulation with olefins using an undivided cell at room temperature (up to 99 % ee). tBu‐Salox, a rationally designed Salox ligand bearing a bulky tert‐butyl group at the ortho‐position of phenol, was found to be crucial for this asymmetric annulation reaction. A strong cooperative effect between tBu‐Salox and 3,4,5‐trichloropyridine enabled the highly enantio‐ and regioselective C−H annulation with the more challenging α‐olefins without secondary bond interactions (up to 96 % ee and 97 : 3 rr). Cyclovoltametric studies, and the preparation, characterization, and transformation of cobaltacycle intermediates shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
In Situ Reprogramming of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages with Internally and Externally Engineered Exosomes
Authors: Zhang Lingmin , Lin Yinshan , Li Songpei , Guan Xiaoling , Jiang Xingyu
Published: January 2023

The reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as an efficient strategy for immunotherapy. However, most of the approaches did not allow the in situ reprogramming of TAM because their low efficiency, non‐specificity, or potential side effects. Herein, we produced exosomes with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) internally engineered and the TAM specific peptide externally engineered onto the exosome membrane. The internally and externally engineered exosomes (IEEE, also named as I3E) allowed the selective homing to tumor tissue and targeted to M2‐like TAMs, which nearly repressed the expression of PI‐3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) completely, and induced the TAMs polarizing to M1 both in vitro and in vivo. The polarized M1 macrophages awakened the “hot” tumor‐immunity, causing the increase of T lymphocyte infiltration and the decrease of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and inhibiting the tumor growth significantly. I3E reprogramed TAMs in situ precisely and efficiently.
Improvement the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicone rubber via silane coupling agent modified CNTs‐β‐FeOOH
Authors: Xu Wenzong , Zhang Yi , Fan Liangjie , Qin Zhongqiong , Zhang Zhihui , Bian Ziwei
Published: January 2023

Silicone rubber with its odorless and non‐toxic, high and low temperature resistance and other advantages is widely used in many fields, but its shortcomings of flammability and low thermal conductivity limit its application and development. Therefore, the research on flame retardant and thermal conductive silicone rubber is practically valueable. In this study, iron oxyhydroxide (β‐FeOOH) was synthesized on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by in situ growth and added to silicone rubber after surface modification with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550). The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) with the addition of one part of KH550@CNTs‐β‐FeOOH increased to 29.8%, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 40.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and its thermal conductivity increased to 0.3680 W/m·k. The flame‐retardant performance and thermal conductivity of the VMQ composite were significantly improved. The improvement of its flame retardancy was mainly due to the catalytic carbonization of CNTs and β‐FeOOH, which promoted the formation of dense carbon layers. The carbon layer insulates the exchange of oxygen and combustible gases. In addition, the thermal conductive network constructed by KH550@CNTs‐β‐FeOOH in the composite effectively improved the thermal conductivity of VMQ.
Acid‐Base Chemistry Provides a Simple and Cost‐Effective Route to New Redox‐Active Ionic Liquids
Authors: Smith Lachlan O. , Crittenden Deborah L.
Published: January 2023

Redox‐active ionic liquids (RAILs) hold great promise as high density electrochemical energy storage materials, but are hampered by high costs and low bulk conductivities. In this work, we introduce and electrochemically characterise novel redox‐active protic ionic liquids (RAPILs) formed by acid‐base neutralisation from cheap and plentiful starting materials. We also demonstrate a novel RAIL‐in‐IL solvent system for electrochemical characterisation of RAPILs, which enables efficient and cost‐effective determination of redox potentials and screening for electrochemical reversibility. Of the redox‐active ionic liquids tested in this work, only propylammonium 4‐nitrophenylacetate demonstrates completely reversible electrochemistry and preservation of ionic character upon redox cycling under acidic or neutral conditions. Propylammonium 2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl‐carboxylate also demonstrates two reversible redox processes, but is unstable to oxidation at 0.27 V vs Ag (−0.14 V vs Fc), most likely forming an uncharged benzoquinone species. Using the lessons learned from this prototypical set of RAPILs, we propose design criteria to guide future experimental and computational work.
Preparation of afterglow and photochromic fibrous mats from polypropylene plastics to detect ultraviolet light
Authors: El‐Hefnawy Mohamed E. , Ismail Ali I. , Orif Mohammed I. , Al‐Goul Soha T. , Elmushyakhi Abraham , Abou Taleb Manal
Published: January 2023

Polypropylene textiles have been used in the development of various industrial products, such as automotives, plastic furniture, and medical tools. However, polypropylene resists dyeing due to a deficiency of active staining spots. Here, we developed a new strategy towards new afterglow and photochromic fibres from recycled polypropylene plastics using plasma‐supported coloration with rare‐earth activated aluminate nanoparticles (REANPs). Plasma curing was used to generate active dyeing sites on the polypropylene surface. A thin film of REANPs (2–10 nm) was deposited onto the plasma‐pretreated polypropylene surface. Various analytical techniques were applied to inspect the morphology of the REANP‐finished polypropylene fibres. The polypropylene dyeing activity was much improved after being exposed to plasma. Both photoluminescence analysis and Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) laboratory coordinates proved that the polypropylene fibres exhibited a white colour in daylight and green in ultraviolet light. The thin afterglow layer immobilized onto the polypropylene surface exhibited an emission band of 524 nm upon excitation at 365 nm. The sliding angles dropped from 12° to 9°, but the contacting angles increased from 139.4° to 145.0° when the REANP ratio was raised. These findings show that REANP‐finished polypropylene had good colourfastness, antimicrobial activity, and ultraviolet light blocking. Both stiffness and permeability to air of REANP‐finished polypropylene were explored to designate excellent comfort characteristics.
Virtual differential phase‐contrast and dark‐field imaging of x‐ray absorption images via deep learning
Authors: Ge Xin , Yang Pengfei , Wu Zhao , Luo Chen , Jin Peng , Wang Zhili , Wang Shengxiang , Huang Yongsheng , Niu Tianye
Published: January 2023

Weak absorption contrast in biological tissues has hindered x‐ray computed tomography from accessing biological structures. Recently, grating‐based imaging has emerged as a promising solution to biological low‐contrast imaging, providing complementary and previously unavailable structural information of the specimen. Although it has been successfully applied to work with conventional x‐ray sources, grating‐based imaging is time‐consuming and requires a sophisticated experimental setup. In this work, we demonstrate that a deep convolutional neural network trained with a generative adversarial network can directly convert x‐ray absorption images into differential phase‐contrast and dark‐field images that are comparable to those obtained at both a synchrotron beamline and a laboratory facility. By smearing back all of the virtual projections, high‐quality tomographic images of biological test specimens deliver the differential phase‐contrast‐ and dark‐field‐like contrast and quantitative information, broadening the horizon of x‐ray image contrast generation.
Shared values, personal responsibility create positive safety culture
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2023

LAS VEGAS — Do you feel as if there's a positive safety culture at your current institution? What does having a positive safety culture even mean, anyway? How often do you think proactively about safety and emergency management, rather than reactively?
Phytochemical Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Roots from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Neto Janaine , Amando Nery Daniel , Simoni Bezerra Lima Katia , Eduarda Gomes da Cruz Silva Maria , Cícero de Lima Araújo Tarcísio , Andrezza Carvalho de Souza Nathália , Hideki Vicente Nishimura Rodolfo , de Souza Araújo Camila , Paula de Oliveira Ana , Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida Jackson , Araújo Rolim Larissa
Published: January 2023

This article describes the phytochemical study of Cannabis sativa roots from northeastern Brazil. The dried plant material was pulverized and subjected to exhaustive maceration with ethanol at room temperature, obtaining the crude ethanolic extract (Cs‐EEBR). The volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which allowed to identify 22 compounds by comparing the linear retention index (LRI), the similarity index (SI) and the fragmentation pattern of the constituents with the literature. By this technique the major compounds identified were: friedelan‐3‐one and β‐sitosterol. In addition, two fractions were obtained from Cs‐EEBR by classical column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. These fractions were analyzed by NMR and IR and together with the mass spectrometry data allowed to identify the compounds: epifriedelanol, friedelan‐3‐one, β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol. The study contributed to the phytochemical knowledge of Cannabis sativa, specifically the roots, as there are few reports on the chemical constituents of this part of the plant.
A Bioactive Synthetic Outer‐Core Oligosaccharide Derived from a Klebsiella pneumonia Lipopolysaccharide for Bacteria Recognition
Authors: Chen Dushen , Srivastava Akhilesh K. , Dubrochowska Justyna , Liu Lin , Li Tiehai , Hoffmann Joseph P. , Kolls Jay K. , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: January 2023

There is an urgent need for new treatment options for carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), which is a common cause of life‐threatening hospital‐ and community‐acquired infections. Prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination may offer an approach to control these infections, however, none has yet been approved for human use. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of an outer core tetra‐ and pentasaccharide derived from the lipopolysaccharide of K. pneumoniae. The oligosaccharides were equipped with an aminopentyl linker, which facilitated conjugation to the carrier proteins CRM197 and BSA. Mice immunized with the glycoconjugate vaccine candidates elicited antibodies that recognized isolated LPS as well as various strains of K. pneumoniae. The successful preparation of the oligosaccharides relied on the selection of monosaccharide building blocks equipped with orthogonal hydroxyl and amino protecting groups. It allowed the differentiation of three types of amines of the target compounds and the installation of a crowded 4,5‐branched Kdo moiety.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridinium Salts by Annulation of Enamines with Alkynes
Authors: Lee Seokwoo , Yoo Hanbin , Park Soojun , Yoon Ran , Kim Sanghee
Published: January 2023

An efficient and facile synthesis of highly substituted pyridinium salts through the annulation of enamines with alkynes is reported herein. A Ag2CO3/HNTf2 synergistically acting catalyst system was developed and used in a condensation reaction between carbonyl substrates and propargylamine to afford structurally diverse pyridinium salts. A mechanistic investigation shows that this one‐pot transformation proceeded via selective 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of the in situ generated propargylenamine and protonolysis of the resulting vinyl–silver intermediate. The reaction conditions are mild, and the substrate scope is broad. During the cyclization, an unusual inversion of the normal reactivity of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl systems was observed.