bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory and physical health consequences in older adults in a high-risk volcanic area: Comparison of two rural villages
Authors: Benavides-Cordoba Vicente , Suarez Andres , Guerrero-Jaramillo Diana , Silva-Medina Melissa , Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan , Palacios-Gómez Mauricio
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Volcanism is an important natural producer of pollution that impacts health and the quality of the environment. Lung changes caused by exposure to volcanoes have been previously studied. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of prolonged exposure to volcanic compounds. So, this study aimed to analyze the pulmonary effects and stress tolerance in older adults for chronic exposure to the volcanic ashes of the Galeras volcano.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study of association included rural inhabitants aged over 60 years from Genoy, a village located in a high volcanic hazard zone of Galeras volcano, 2603 meters above sea level. Those in this group, called exposed, were contrasted with a sample of El Encano inhabitants with similar socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Both villages belong to the rural area of San Juan de Pasto in Colombia.

Results

It was found that of 31 exposed participants, 18 had obstructive alteration, and in the control group, it was found that of 31 subjects, 6 presented this alteration. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001). A similar situation occurred with distal airway obstruction assessed with the forced expiratory flow of 25–75%. No significant differences were found in restrictive alteration between the exposed and unexposed groups.

Conclusion

Chronic exposure to volcanic compounds has generated obstructive changes in the population, and these changes were greater in number and severity than those in the control group of unexposed people.
Understanding the significance of oxygen tension on the biology of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages: From the human body to the laboratory
Authors: Nahid Dinah S. , Coffey Kevin A. , Bei Amy K. , Cordy Regina Joice
Published: September 2024

Plasmodium falciparum undergoes sequestration within deep tissues of the human body, spanning multiple organ systems with differing oxygen (O2) concentrations. The parasite is exposed to an even greater range of O2 concentrations as it transitions from the human to the mosquito host, suggesting a high level of plasticity as it navigates these different environments. In this review, we explore factors that may contribute to the parasite’s response to different environmental O2 concentrations, recognizing that there are likely multiple pieces to this puzzle. We first review O2-sensing mechanisms, which exist in other apicomplexans such as Toxoplasma gondii and consider whether similar systems could exist in Plasmodium. Next, we review morphological and functional changes in P. falciparum’s mitochondrion during the asexual-to-sexual stage transition and discuss how these changes overlap with the parasite’s access to O2. We then delve into reactive oxygen species (ROS) as ROS production is influenced by O2 availability and oxidative stress impacts Plasmodium intraerythrocytic development. Lastly, given that the primary role of the red blood cell (RBC) is to deliver O2 throughout the body, we discuss how changes in the oxygenation status of hemoglobin, the RBC’s O2-carrying protein and key nutrient for Plasmodium, could also potentially impact the parasite’s growth during intraerythrocytic development. This review also highlights studies that have investigated P. falciparum biology under varying O2 concentrations and covers technical aspects related to P. falciparum cultivation in the lab, focusing on sources of technical variation that could alter the amount of dissolved O2 encountered by cells during in vitro experiments. Lastly, we discuss how culture systems can better replicate in vivo heterogeneity with respect to O2 gradients, propose ideas for further research in this area, and consider translational implications related to O2 and malaria.
Purified CDT toxins and a clean deletion within the CDT locus provide novel insights into the contribution of binary toxin in cellular inflammation and Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Nabukhotna Kateryna , Kordus Shannon L. , Shupe John A. , Cano Rodríguez Rubén , Smith Anna , Bohannon Julia K. , Washington M. Kay , Lacy D. Borden
Published: September 2024

Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming pathogen and the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and colitis in the United States. Besides producing the main virulence factors, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), many of the common clinical strains encode the C. difficile transferase (CDT) binary toxin. The role of CDT in the context of C. difficile infection (CDI) is poorly understood. Inflammation is a hallmark of CDI and multiple mechanisms of inflammasome activation have been reported for TcdA, TcdB, and the organism. Some studies have suggested that CDT contributes to this inflammation through a TLR2-dependent priming mechanism that leads to the suppression of protective eosinophils. Here, we show that CDT does not prime but instead activates the inflammasome in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), the cell binding and pore-forming component of the toxin, CDTb, alone activates the inflammasome and is dependent on K+ efflux. The activation is not observed in the presence of CDTa and is not observed in BMDMs derived from Nlrp3-/- mice suggesting the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, we did not observe evidence of CDT-dependent inflammasome priming or activation in vivo. Mice were infected with R20291 and an isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-generated R20291 ΔcdtB strain of C. difficile. While CDT contributes to increased weight loss and cecal edema at 2 days post infection, the relative levels of inflammasome-associated cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, in the cecum and distal colon are unchanged. We also saw CDT-dependent weightloss in Nlrp3-/- mice, suggesting that the increased weightloss associated with the presence of CDT is not a result of NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation. This study highlights the importance of studying gene deletions in the context of otherwise fully isogenic strains and the challenge of translating toxin-specific cellular responses into a physiological context, especially when multiple toxins are acting at the same time.
Financial Times - Future of the Car Summit 2024 összefoglaló
Authors: Szabó Csege
Published: September 2024

A Financial Times Future of the Car Summit 2024. május 7 és 9 között került megrendezésre Londonban, idén ünnepelve a 10. évfordulóját. A résztvevők személyesen és virtuálisan is csatlakozhattak a világ minden tájáról. Az európai csúcstalálkozón az iparág vezetői, politikai döntéshozók és újságírók gyűltek össze, hogy megvitassák azon fő kihívásokat és lehetőségeket, amelyek a régió autóipara előtt állnak az elektromobilitás korszakában. Az esemény sűrű programot ígért, keynote előadások, panelbeszélgetések formájában.
A CONICET harcban áll
Authors: Fernandez Saralegui Clara
Published: September 2024

Az argentin választások előtt Milei, Argentina elnöke kifejezte szándékát, hogy privatizálni kívánja az Országos Tudományos és Műszaki Kutatási Tanácsot (CONICET), ami széles körű társadalmi felháborodást váltott ki. A tudomány, mint a tudás különböző területeken történő bővítését szolgáló törekvés, a társadalmi kihívások kezelésének és a kutatás új útjainak sarokköve. Ez a kollektív társadalmi törekvés elengedhetetlen a nemzeti szuverenitás és az egyéni fejlődés, a közjó előmozdításához.
AGILE METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT TEAMS

(EXAMPLE FROM THE GAMING INDUSTRY)
Authors: Zhigulev Petr
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the features of applying Agile methodology in managing developer teams in the gaming industry. It reveals the principles and main tenets of Agile project management methodology and its key differences from traditional approaches. The limitations of Agile project management methodology are highlighted. The values of Agile management of development teams in the gaming industry are established and specified. The conclusions of the research focus on the peculiarities of managing developer teams in the gaming industry based on Agile project management methodologies.
KEPEMIMPINAN PEREMPUAN DI PESANTREN
Authors: Syatibi Ibi
Published: September 2024

Diskursus tentang kepemimpinan perempuan di pesantren dapat dipandang sebagai fenomena baru. Di satu sisi merupakan salah satu embrio tampilnya ulama perempuan, di sisi lain memperlihatkan adanya berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi dinamika kepemimpinan pesantren. Secara eksternal, kepemimpinan ulama perempuan muncul karena desakan modernisasi yang menimbulkan kesadaran di kalangan pesantren antara lain mengenai demokrasi, hak-hak asasi manusia dan emansipasi wanita atau feminisme. Pesantren dengan sendirinya didorong untuk merespons wacana perempuan dan sekaligus mempertimbangkan kembali pandangan-pandangan tradisionalnya yang cenderung berlawanan dengan gerakan perempuan.
SUNAT PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA Sebuah Aplikasi Konsep Hermeneutika Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Rakhman Arif Kurnia
Published: September 2024

Dalam daya kekuatan refleksi diri, pengetahuan dan kepentingan adalah satu (Jurgen Habermas); Ajaran dasar al-Qur’an menekankan pada keadilan sosial – ekonomi dan kesetaraan di antara manusia, sangat jelas terlihat dari pesan awal al-Qur’an (Fazlur Rahman). Pelaksanaan sunat perempuan, memunculkan pro dan kontra. Pengertian dari sunat perempuan di sini adalah tindakan menghilangkan sebagian atau keseluruhan bagian klitoris perempuan atau melakukan tindakan tertentu terhadap klitoris perempuan dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi, bahkan menghilangkan sensitivitas alat kelamin tersebut. Ada yang menganggapnya mubah, sunah bahkan wajib. Al-Qur’an tidak secara eksplisit menjelaskan hal itu, sedangkan nash hadits ada yang secara eksplisit menjelaskan fenomena tersebut. Persoalannya, apakah ideal moral yang muncul dari nash itu sesuai dengan legal spesifiknya? Dikontekskan di Indonesia yang mengalami penyederhanaan konsep sunat perempuan, apakah memiliki relevansi hukum?
MUHAMMAD SHAÎRÙR’S AND ABÙ ZAYD’S Interpretations of Qur’anic Verses on Inheritance
Authors: Syamsuddin Sahiron
Published: September 2024

Kajian dalam artikel ini merupakan kajian komparatif terhadap penafsiran penggalan Q.S. 4:11, yakni: “ ... bagi seorang anak laki-laki semisal bagian dua anak perempuan ...”. Yang dijadikan fokus pembahasan adalah penafsiran dua pemikir muslim kontemporer,  MuÎammad ShaÎrÙr dan AbÙ Zayd, dengan pertimbangan bahwa keduanya memiliki kecenderungan interpretatif yang berbeda. ShaÎrÙr lebih cenderung menafsirkan Al-Qur’an secara subyektivis, sedangkan AbÙ Zayd lebih menekankan pada analisis historis yang kemudian memperhatikan rekontekstualisasi nilai ayat yang ditafsirkan. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dua pemikir tersebut berbeda dalam menafsirkan penggalan ayat tersebut. Selain itu, penulis artikel menunjukkan juga bahwa ShaÎrÙr memiliki dua model penafsiran: (1) dalam kitab pertamanya, al-Kitab wa al-Qur’an, yang lebih menekankah teori batas (al-Îadd al-adnÁ dan al-Îadd al-a‘lÁ), dan (2) dalam kitab keempatnya, NaÎwa UsÙl JadÐdah, yang mengaplikasikan teori matematika modern. Dalam pandangan penulis artikel, penafsiran AbÙ Zayd memiliki ketersinggungan, meski tidak equivalent, dengan penafsiran ShaÎrÙr dalam kitab pertamanya.
KENISCAYAAN PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS GENDER DALAM STUDI AL-AHWĀL ASY-SYAKHSIYYAH
Authors: Maula Bani Syarif
Published: September 2024

Al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah is one of the Islamic studies that seems containing many legal rules opposed to the concept of modern society. Therefore, the study of al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah on the perspective of gender analysis is needed to answer the problems of Muslim society in facing democratization in which discourses on human rights and gender equality become its main issues. One of the efforts to reform the rules of al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah is by understanding the asy-Sya>t}ibi>'s concept on ibadah and muamalah. According asy-Sya>t}ibi>, ibadah is pure God's rules, whose purpose can not be captured by the power of human reasoning, so that the provisions of ibadah have to be practiced as is stated in the Quran textually. In contrast, muamalat is rules on human relations where human become center, its purpose can be captured by reasoning, and muamalat provisons on the Quran should be understood by their perceived meaning, not their textual rules. In addition, an understanding of Islamic law should depart from the basic assumption that muamalah rules were revealed from the result of human interaction with their social conditions.[Al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah merupakan salah satu studi Islam yang terlihat mengandung banyak aturan hukum yang bertentangan dengan konsep masyarakat modern. Dengan demikian, pembahasan ketentuan fikih bidang al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah menurut perspektif analisis gender dirasa perlu dilakukan untuk menjawab problematika umat Islam dalam menghadapi arus deras demokratisasi dengan wacana hak asasi manusia dan kesetaraan gender yang menjadi isu utamanya. Upaya pembaharuan hukum al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah bisa dilakukan dengan memahami konsep ibadah dan mu’amalah dari asy-Sya>t}ibi>. Ibadah merupakan hak Allah swt. secara murni yang tujuannya tidak bisa ditangkap oleh daya nalar manusia sehingga ketentuan nas} tentang ibadah ini harus diamalkan apa adanya. Berbeda dengan ibadah, muamalah adalah hak manusia yang bisa dinalar oleh daya pikir manusia sehingga yang menjadi acuan adalah makna dari nas}-nya, bukan ketentuan legal-formalnya. Selain itu, pemahaman tentang hukum Islam haruslah berangkat dari satu asumsi dasar bahwa hukum muamalah tidak lain adalah hasil dari interaksi manusia dengan kondisi sosialnya, di mana upaya kontekstualisasi merupakan sebuah keniscayaan, termasuk kajian al-Ah}wāl asy-Syakhs}iyyah dengan pendekatan analisis gender.]
KAWIN KONTRAK DI KAWASAN PUNCAK Antara Normatif, Yuridis dan Realita
Authors: Aidatussholihah Nurlailiyah
Published: September 2024

The validity of a marriage is based on the compliance of the marital pillars and its requirements. The pillars of marriage are enacted in the compilation of Islamic law. On the other hand, its requirements are enacted both in the compilation of Islamic law and the marriage law no. 1 of 1974. While the prohibited marriage is not known both in the compilation of Islamic law and in the marriage law, fikih, or the Islamic law, discussed the varieties of prohibited marriages, such as the mut’ah marriage. Hence, the prohibition of the mut’ah marriage was being issued between Sunni and Syi’ah until today. In fact, the implementation of the temporary marriage, which has the similarity with the mut’ah marriage especially on its time restriction, can be found at Tugu Utara, Cisarua sub-district, Bogor (Kawasan Puncak). Furthermore, the implementation of the temporary marriage is different either with the mut’ah marriage in Syi’ah or marital norms and purposes in Islam. Finally, this article deals with the contemporary marriage at Puncak in the perspective of Islamic and positive law.[Keabsahan suatu perkawinan didasarkan pada pemenuhan rukun dan syarat nikah. Rukun nikah dibahas dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam, adapun syarat nikah dimuat dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Dalam UUP dan KHI tidak dibahas perkawinan yang dilarang, sementara fikih membahas jenis perkawinan yang dilarang, salah satunya adalah kawin mut’ah. Sampai saat ini keharaman nikah mut’ah merupakan masalah khilafiyah antara Sunni dan Syi’ah. Pada kenyataannya di Desa Tugu Utara Kecamatan Cisarua Kabupaten Bogor (Kawasan Puncak), ditemukan praktik “kawin kontrak”. Praktik kawin kontrak yang berlangsung di Kawasan Puncak tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan nikah mut’ah yang berlaku menurut Syi’ah bahkan bertentangan dengan aturan dan tujuan perkawinan. Tulisan ini mengkaji praktik kawin kontrak di “Puncak” dalam pandangan hukum Islam dan hukum positif.]
KELUARGA BERENCANA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KELUARGA SAKINAH DI MUNGKID, MAGELANG, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Setyaningsih Yunika Isma , Ibrahim Malik
Published: September 2024

In 1970 the family planning program (KB) became popular, then disseminated to various regions in Indonesia. When the demand is still relatively small due to stumble to the problem of whether its allowed or not allowed to run this program by the law of Islam. In addition, Lack of public awareness of KB regarding the usefulness or importance of family planning. This paper presents an overview of the implementation of KB from Islamic law perspective in the village of Ngrajek in order to  consummate the harmonious family. Basically, the determining or primary factor of the realization of the harmonious family is the awareness and responsibility of husband and wife in their functions and roles, as well as the rights and obligations of conjugal supported by the family economy. Thus, the use of KB contraceptives is only a secondary factor. Therefore, harmonious family phasing criteria set by the Ministry of Religion, highlights from the viewpoint of religious life and the family economy. Implementation of KB on the family in accordance with Islamic law, because their motivation in family planning(KB) Program is for the welfare of the family and to adjust the spacing of birth, and do not cause madlarat for each family. [Pada tahun 1970 Keluarga Berencana mulai populer, kemudian disosialisasikan ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Saat itu peminatnya masih relatif sedikit karena terbentur dengan masalah boleh atau tidaknya ber-KB menurut agama. Selain itu, kesadaran masyarakat juga masih kurang mengenai kegunaan atau pentingnya ber-KB. Tulisan ini memaparkan pandangan Hukum Islam mengenai pelaksanaan KB di Desa Ngrajek dalam rangka mewujudkan keluarga sakinah. Pada dasarnya, penentu atau faktor primer terwujudnya keluarga sakinah adalah kesadaran dan tanggung jawab suami isteri dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya, serta menjalankan hak dan kewajiban suami isteri yang didukung oleh perekonomian keluarga. Jadi, memakai alat kontrasepsi KB hanya faktor sekunder saja. Sebab, kriteria pentahapan keluarga sakinah yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Agama banyak menyoroti dari sudut pandang kehidupan beragama dan perekonomian keluarga. Pelaksanaan KB pada keluarga telah sesuai dengan syariat Islam, karena motivasi mereka dalam ber-KB adalah untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan keluarga dan untuk mengatur jarak kelahiran, serta tidak menimbulkan madlarat bagi masing-masing keluarganya.]
TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND THEIR MARRIAGE CONCEPT IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rauf Muta’Ali
Published: September 2024

Transgender have been considered as someone who always marginalized in their life, so they always get moral discrimination, social and even religion. Development of the transgender community in Yogyakarta is currently getting a response from various groups, namely the general public, religious leaders, sociologists and psychologists. As for job transsexual Kebaya NGOs joined in Yogyakarta, located in very small scope, include: ngamen, nyebong, salon and sewing. It was done since the transvestites are out of work in the formal sector. The concept of marriage in transgender community in Kebaya NGOs does not have clear rules because there is no basis or guidelines. Same-sex marriage in Indonesia is not recognized legally as well as normative, so the concept of transsexual marriage does not exist according to Islamic law. Kebaya NGOs consider that the rules about marriage in Indonesia violate the human rights, because it does not facilitate and accommodate the same-sex marriage.[Waria selama ini dianggap sebagai sosok yang selalu termarginalkan di dalam kehidupannya, sehingga mereka selalu mendapatkan diskriminasi baik moral, sosial, maupun agama. Perkembangan komunitas waria di Yogyakarta saat ini mendapat respon dari berbagai kalangan, yaitu masyarakat umum, tokoh Agama, Sosiolog, dan Psikolog. Adapun pekerjaan Waria Yogyakarta yang tergabung dalam LSM Kebaya, berada dalam skala yang sangat kecil meliputi : Ngamen, Nyebong, salon dan menjahit. Hal itu dikerjakan semenjak waria tidak mendapat pekerjaan dalam sektor formal. Konsep perkawinan dalam komunitas waria di LSM Kebaya belum mempunyai aturan yang jelas karena tidak ada landasan atau pedomannya. Perkawinan sesama jenis di Indonesia tidak mendapatkan pengakuan secara yuridis maupun normatif, sehingga konsep perkawinan waria tidak eksis menurut Hukum Islam. LSM Kebaya menganggap bahwa peraturan tentang perkawinan di Indonesia melanggar hak asasi manusia, karena tidak memfasilitasi perkawinan sesama jenis.]
PERALIHAN AGAMA SEBELUM PEMBAGIAN WARISAN MENURUT IBNU TAIMIYAH
Authors: Hadi Samsul
Published: September 2024

The Islamic inheritance law established that the inheritance is devided to heirs (al-wâris) after the owner’s (almuwarris) died. This division should be done immediately after the obligations associated with obtaining a death and property were paid. In the reality, inheritance is often not divided immediately, so thet giving rise to other legal consequences for heirs. For example is the change of religion of heirs. In the Islamic heritance law, religious diference is the barrier to receiving inheritance. Ibn Taimiyya argued, that the religion of heirs is the religion when the inheritance divided, and not when the owner’s (al-muwarris) died.[Hukum waris Islam menetapkan bahwa harta warisan dibagikan setelah pewaris meninggal dunia dan segera mungkin dibagi kepada ahli waris (al-wâris). Namun dalam realitas kehidupan umat Islam sering terjadi harta warisan tidak dibagi dengan segera sehingga dapat menimbulkan akibat hukum lain bagiahli waris. Sebagai contoh terjadinya perubahan agama ahli waris sebelum terjadinya pembagian waris. Dalam hukum waris Islam perbedaan agama antara pewaris dengan ahli waris merupakan penghalang terjadinya kewarisan. Ibnu Taimiyah berpendapat, bahwa agama yang menjadi pegangan dalam pembagianwarisan adalah agama yang dianut ketika pembagian warisan, dan bukan ketika pewaris (al-muwarris) meninggal dunia.]
ISTERI SEBAGAI KEPALA RUMAH TANGGA: Perspektif Ulama Salaf dan Kiai-Kiai Pon-Pes Krapyak Yayasan Ali Maksum
Authors: Maylissabet Maylissabet
Published: September 2024

Most of patriarch is a husband, but shouldn’t wife as patriarch deemed to be a strange of the public. Most of Ulama’ antecedently had a notion that a patriarch it is a husband responsibility, because a woman reputed weak in a leadership. Husband and wife uninitiated of a reality marriage, often appearing jealousy of each right and obligation, and end all with legal separation. From this phenomenon, will be research about wife as patriarch from the side of ulama-ulama in Ali Maksum Institute of Krapyak Muslim Boarding School.[Kepala rumah tangga dalam keluarga mayoritas dipegang oleh suami, akan tetapi tidak seharusnya isteri sebagai kepala rumah tangga dianggap sebagai hal yang tabu bagi masyarakat. Mayoritas ulama salaf juga berpendapat bahwa kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga merupakan hak suami, karena perempuan dinilai lemah dalam bidang kepemimpinan. Suami dan isteri yang kurangmemahami hakikat dari sebuah perkawinan, sering muncul kecemburuan hak dan kewajiban masingmasing dan berakhir dengan sebuah perceraian. Dari fenomena ini, akan dibahas mengenai isteri sebagai kepala rumah tangga dari sisi ulama masa kini khusunya Kiai-Kiai Pondok Pesantren Krapyak Yaysan Ali Maksum di Yogyakarta.]
HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI NEGARA BERPENDUDUK MINORITAS MUSLIM (Studi Hukum Keluarga di Inggris)
Authors: Abadi Khafid
Published: September 2024

Among Muslims, there is no denying the existence of Islamic law with the character of universality existence. This is supported by the passages of the Qur’an al-Anbiya> ‘ (21) 107. Universality enforceability of Islamic law necessitates submission of all followers of Islam on the teachings of Islam, wherever and whenever they are in, and also necessitates the existence of universal values embodied in the laws of branches that may differ from one place and other places. That’s why Muslims in Islamic countries and countries relative Muslim majority found no obstacles in relation to the application of Islamic law in their daily lives. Reality in the Islamic law is different if grown among the Muslims who are a minority in a secular country, namely the state with the government system separating religion as a matter private. In this paper will be discussed how a position and application of Islamic family law in the country with a minority Muslim population, especially those in England.[Di kalangan umat Islam, tidak ada yang memungkiri eksistensi hukum Islam dengan karakter universalitas keberlakuannya. Hal ini didukung oleh nas} al-Qur’an surat al-Anbiya>’ (21) ayat 107. Universilitas keberlakuan hukum Islam meniscayakan ketundukan semua pemeluk Islam pada ajaranajaran Islam, dimanapun dan kapan pun mereka berada, dan juga meniscayakan adanya nilai-nilai universal yang terkandung di dalam hukum-hukum cabang yang mungkin berbeda antara satu tempat dan tempat lainnya. Karena itulah umat Islam di negara-negara Islam dan negara yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam relatif tidak menemukan kendala dalam hubungannya dengan aplikasi hukum Islam dalam kehidupan keseharian mereka. Kenyataan di atas tentu berbeda jika hukum Islam berkembang di kalangan muslim yang merupakan minoritas di negara sekuler, yaitu negara dengan sistem pemerintahan yang memisahkan agama sebagai masalah privat. Tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana posisi dan aplikasi hukum keluarga Islam di negara dengan penduduk Islam minoritas, khususnya di Inggris.]
KONTROVERSI PRAKTEK TAJDI<D AN-NIKA<H{ DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH KLASIK
Authors: Bahri Syaiful
Published: September 2024

Tajdi>d an-nika>h} is a common tradition practiced by some communities in Indonesia. A controversy on the idea of whether or not the first ‘Akad is married by the second ‘Akad occurs among classical Muslim scholars. This paper attempts to explain the controversy, mainly from point of view of Syafi'iah jurists in various existing references. Therefore, the author did a library research. The author studied various books on Syafi'iah fiqh dealing with the practice of tajdi>d an-nika>h}. The study concluded that the majority of Syafi'iah scholars allowed it and the practice did not destroy the existence of the first contract. The one who rejects the validity of tajdi>d an-nika>h}  practice is Yusuf Ibrahim al-Ardabili. In his book, al-Anwa>r, al-Ardabili states that tajdi>d an-nika>h} practice has an affects the status of the first contract, which undermines the existence of the first ‘akad.[Tajdi>d an-nika>h} merupakan tradisi yang lumrah dipraktekkan oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Ada kontroversi di balik praktek yang populer di kalangan para sarjana Muslim klasik. Kontroversi tersebut terletak pada akad yang pertama apakah dirusak oleh akad yang kedua. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengurai kontroversi tersebut, utamanya dilhat dari pandangan para ahli fikih Syafi’iah dalam pelbagai literatur yang ada. Untuk itu, penulis melakukan kajian kepustakaan dengan mengkaji dan meneliti pelbagai literatur fikih Syafi’iah yang berhubungan dengan praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} ini. Studi ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa mayoritas ulama Syafi’iah berpendapat bahwa hukum tajdi>d an-nika>h} diperbolehkan dan praktek tersebut tidak merusak keberadaan akad yang pertama. Adapun yang menolak keabsahan praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} ini adalah Yusuf Ibrahim al-Ardabili. Dalam kitabnya, al-Anwar, al-Ardabili menyatakan bahwa praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} mempunyai dampak terhadap status akad yang pertama, yaitu merusak eksistensi akad pertama tersebut.]
PERKAWINAN SESAMA JENIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Setyoko Setyoko
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, Homosexual in Indonesia have been significan on the number and variety. Along with an increase in the number of these, the new interest had emergies from that group, one of these to get legalization of the homosexualrelationship in marriage. As the lawstate (rechtstaat) with moslem majority in that population, most exactly in Indonesia have been rise the discursus, may or no about the act was set the homosexual relationship in marriage, and Islam Law is the main material in this study. This paper attempts to explains about homosexual relationship in marriage studies from some refereence in Islam Law repertoir. The deeply re-study of Qur’an and hadits texts, fuqaha’s opinion, and modern intepretation of fiqh from Musdah Mulia will describes as the material in the making of analyses this problem. The maqasid asy-syariah is the main material to analyses this problem for get the conclution.[Homoseksual di Indonesia dewasa ini sudah cukup signifikan secara jumlah dan variasinya. Seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah tersebut, pastilah berbagai kepentingan baru akan muncul dari kelompok tersebut, sebut saja kepentingan untuk mendapatkan legalisasi hubungan antar-mereka. Sebagai negara hukum (rechstaat) yang berpenduduk mayoritas beragama Islam, maka di Indonesia akan timbul diskursus mengenai mungkin tidaknya sebuah perundang-undangan yang akan mengatur hal tersebut, dan yang menjadi bahan utama untuk kajian adalah hukum Islam. Tulisan ini mengetengahkan berbagai kajian tentang hubungan sesama jenis dari berbagai referensi dalam khazanah hukum Islam.Pendalaman kembali terhadap berbagai teks-teks Qur’an dan Hadis, pendapat-pendapat ulama fikih klasik, serta tafsir-tafsir fikih modern dari Musdah Mulia akan dipaparkan sebagai bahan dalam membuat analisis atas masalah tersebut. Sedangkan maqa>s}id asy-syari>‘ah menjadi materi untuk menganalisis dalam rangka mendapatkan sebuah kesimpulan.]
KEADILAN “SETENGAH HATI”: Menakar Kedudukan Suami-Isteri dan Poligami dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Habudin Ihab
Published: September 2024

The Indonesian marital act grew long time and it find its maturity on the shape of marital act (1974) and Islamic law compilation (1991). On their old ages, Indonesian family law have been examined. Its results, some of them want to defens and others want to reform this marital act. For the last, marital act the applicable marital act is considered contrary to the universal principles, such as justice, equality, and brotherhood. This article attemp to discuss the justice on the marital act, specifically, about the role of husband and wife position. After describing the Indonesian Marital Act, the concept of justice in Islam, this article discuss the problem of justice on the role of husband and wife position on Marital Act and Islamic Law Compilation, what it has fulfilled the values ofjustice or not.[Hukum perkawinan di Indonesia sudah berkembang lama dan menemukan bentuk kematangannya dalam bentuk Undang-Undang Perkawinan (1974) dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (1991). Di usianya yang sudah sangat tua, hukum perkawinan di Indonesi telah banyak dikaji. Hasilnya, ada yang menginginkan materi hukum perkawinan itu dipertahankan, ada pula yang menghendaki untukdiperbaharui. Bagi kalangan terakhir ini, hukum perkawinan yang berlaku dianggap bertentangan dengan berbagai prinsip universal, seperti keadilan, kesetaraan, dan persaudaraan. Artikel ini berupaya membahas keadilan dalam hukum perkawinan itu, khususnya tentang aturan kedudukan suami-isteri dan poligami. Setelah mendeskripsikan hukum perkawinan di Indonesia, konsep keadilan dalam Islam, tulisan ini membahas problem keadilan dalam aturan kedudukan suami-isteri dan poligami dalam UU Perkawinan dan KHI, apakah ia sudah memenuhi nilai-nilai keadialan atau tidak.]
KONSEP KELUARGA SAKINAH DALAM TRADISI BEGALAN
Authors: Hidayat Syarif
Published: September 2024

In the marriage ceremony Kaliwedi villagers, Banyumas, known begalan tradition is believed to be starting reinforcements for both the bride and groom. Begalan also serves as a cue for the provision of family life both bride and groom. Begalan played by Joko Joko Sengkolo and Kelantung. Both plays begalan by way of dialogue, they become media transformation of symbolic values contained in begalan equipment. When viewed from the side of the sociological meaning contained in begalan have met nine family functions ie , functions of Biological, Economic, Love, Education, Protection, Socializing, Recreation, Family Status and Function of Religion. If what is in begalan be accepted and executed by both the bride and groom do not rule out the possibility that the function of the family will go well and undoubtedly happy family life and prosperity will be formed.[Dalam upacara perkawinan masyarakat Desa Kaliwedi, Banyumas, dikenal tradisi begalan yang dipercaya sebagai tolak bala untuk kedua calon pengantin. Begalan juga berfungsi sebagai wejangan untuk bekal kehidupan keluarga kedua calon pengantin. Begalan diperankan oleh Joko Sengkolo dan Joko Kelantung. Keduanya memerankan begalan dengan cara berdialog, mereka menjadi mediatransformasi nilai-nilai simbolik yang terkandung dalam perlengkapan begalan. Jika dilihat dari sisi sosiologis makna yang terkandung dalam begalan telah memenuhi sembilan fungsi keluarga yaitu, fungsi Biologis, Ekonomi, Kasih Sayang, Pendidikan, Perlindungan, Memasyarakatkan, Rekreasi, Status Keluarga dan Fungsi Beragama. Jika apa yang ada dalam begalan bisa diterima dan dijalankan oleh kedua calon pengantin tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa fungsi keluarga akan berjalan baik dan niscaya kehidupan keluarga yang bahagia dan sejahtera akan terbentuk.]
Predicación y ascesis: humildad y castidad en los sermones para laicos de Cesáreo de Arlés
Authors: Aguirre Durán Marcelo
Published: September 2024

La predicación del obispo Cesáreo de Arlés (†542) comprende un conjunto de enseñanzas de moral cristiana, de doctrina y de Sagradas Escrituras, dirigidas a clérigos, monjes y laicos de todos los grupos, edades y ocupaciones. Este carácter universal ha permitido que sus sermones constituyan una fuente privilegiada para conocer una comunidad de fieles de la Galia meridional durante la primera mitad del siglo VI. El programa educativo de Cesáreo orientado a los laicos consistía en una formación moral y doctrinal, acompañada de una exégesis sencilla. Su objetivo era el de instruir y convertir a la fe, pues deseaba perfeccionar las condiciones morales y catequéticas de su grey. Por consiguiente, este artículo pretende mostrar cómo la predicación de este prelado provenzal se organiza basándose en la ascesis monástica, con el fin de educar a los laicos en la humildad y en la castidad, para que vivan así los valores del bautismo.
Teopoética, ¿una imposible epistemología? Consideraciones para una teología fundamental
Authors: Meléndez Luis Gustavo
Published: September 2024

La tesis que articula este trabajo presenta la génesis y desarrollo de la teopoética como un movimiento en un claro proceso de consolidación en el que, aun con diferentes desarrollos en diversas partes del mundo, pueden encontrarse ciertos elementos que sugieren que no se trata únicamente de una moda académica, sino de un método teológico propiamente dicho, con un considerable grado de autonomía. Por ello, a lo largo de este trabajo, se vuelve un imperativo aclarar sus presupuestos epistemológicos y las condiciones de posibilidad que permiten establecer la veracidad y pertinencia del enfoque de las teopoéticas en estrecha relación con el quid de la teología fundamental, esto es, con la imperiosa tarea de dar razón de nuestra fe. De manera particular, en este trabajo nos centraremos en la teopoética como un método pertinente para abordar las relaciones entre teología y literatura.
REMEMBERING «THE GREAT WAR»: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO EGO-DOCUMENTS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Volkov E. V.
Published: September 2024

This paper reports on a theoretical study of collective memory, discourse analysis, and comparative historical method of the memories of the two Russian generals who took part in the First World War and the Russian Civil War. They then became emigrants to the United States. The memoirs of General Baron Alexey Pavlovich Budberg (1869–1945) about the First World War were in part published in the 1930s and early 1940s in the journal «Bulletin of Society of Russian veterans of the Great War» (San Francisco). The memories of General Victorin Mikhailovich Molchanov (1886–1975) appeared much later and were recorded on tape in 1970 by the American historian Boris Raymond in the form of oral stories. Budberg had served as General in the headquarters, and was in command of divisions and army corps. His outlook in many respects is a birds’ eye view from the staff officers, while also having didactic instructions. Another author of memoirs, Molchanov, started the war at the rank of Captain and held positions at the secondary level of commanders. He became Lieutenant Colonel by the end of the military campaign. His assessment of the war is a view from the trench, with the description of everyday military routine. In fact, these memories are discourses about the events of the First World War on the «Eastern» (Russian) Front, which construct the identity of their authors, reproduce certain knowledge, and confirm their views on the events of the war
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EARLY PRINTED DECORATION OF MANUSCRIPTS OF THE 16th –17th CENTURIES. THE ARTWORKS OF THE BROTHERS BASOVS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sherstobitova E. S.
Published: September 2024

The article is a generalization of research devoted to the ornamental creations of the outstanding Old Russian manuscript masters of the 16th–17th century, the brothers Stefan, Fedor, and Gavrila Basov. Their book designs (primarily liturgical books) are a vivid example of the formation and development of medieval culture as an early printed style of book ornamentation. The study of headpieces created using the elemental-structural method by the brothers Basov in manuscripts showed the importance of working with patterns for Old Russian artists. We believe that outstanding artworks of Old Russian art (headpieces of early printed Moscow books) and particular elements of European art (engravings by Israel van Mekenem and Albrecht Dürer) were sources of inspiration. Stefan, Fedor and Gavrila Basovs focused on the established traditions of the early printed style and developed it, enriching it with new images and artistic techniques. In their artworks, the brothers Basovs copied existing templates (compositional solutions or individual elements) and also created their own reimagining of ideas and created unique variants of ornamentation. The art of the brothers improved and became a model for other masters
PUBLIC MUTUAL ASSISTANCE FUNDS AS AN INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR COLLECTIVE FARMERS ON THE EVE AND DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (MATERIALS OF THE URAL ARCHIVES)
Authors:   South Ural State Agrarian University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Paletskikh N. P. , Miroshnichenko M. I. ,   South Ural State Agrarian University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Zhuravleva V. A. ,   South Ural State University (Branch), Zlatoust, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article highlights a little-studied form of social protection of the eve and during the Great Patriotic War – public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers. The party and state policy and the activities of the authorities to preserve and develop the system of funds were studied and the evolution of their network were studied in materials from the Greater Urals (Bashkir ASSR, Udmurt ASSR, Kurgan, Molotov, Chelyabinsk, Chkalov regions). The problems that arose in the public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers, primarily related to the formation of their material and financial resource base and adaptation in wartime conditions, were identified. The differences between the two stages of development (pre-war and war) of the funds as an institution of social protection of collective farmers, which arose in line with the Soviet social policy in the collectivized village on the «from the bottom up» initiative, was revealed. It was concluded that social assistance, social support, and social services have become the three main areas in the activities of public mutual assistance funds for collective farmers, and despite the unfavorable conditions during the years of war, this social institution was not destroyed and continued to perform its functions.
O „deonotologicznych” i „utylitarnych” decyzjach w dylematach etycznych opartych na „dylemacie wagonika” (the Trolley Problem)
Authors: Dzionek-Kozłowska Joanna , Korkus Adrian , Szpotański Kacper
Published: September 2024

Ethical dilemmas facing respondents with a choice between sacrificing the lives of a smaller number of people to save a larger number, formulated in correspondence to the famous Trolley Problem, have been of enduring interest almost since the Philippa Foot’s presentation of the canonical version of this problem. In more recent literature, and especially in publications reporting the results of empirical research, decisions of answerers declaring abstention from taking action that would result in saving a larger group of potential victims at the cost of sacrificing the lives of fewer people have come to be referred to as “deontological” choices. On the other hand, declarations of readiness to take such actions are referred to as “utilitarian” or (less frequently) “consequentialist” choices. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the shortcomings of using the aforementioned labels. The argumentation is supported by empirical material collected in the years 2020–2022 among students of the University of Łódź (N = 302). The analysis of justifications explaining the motives behind both types of decisions left by the respondents shows that in numerous cases, “deontological” decisions, that is, passive decisions, actually stemmed from premises much closer to consequentialist ethics than deontological attitudes. Similarly, active behaviour was not always the outcome of utilitarian motives. The results of our research clearly indicate that the dominant, simplified perception of these choices in the literature leads to a distorted picture of the moral attitudes of respondents, thus posing the danger of drawing false conclusions. We claim that distinguishing between attitudes adopted by respondents in dilemmas based on the Trolley Problem should not refer to ethical doctrines. Instead, judging the moral attitudes of respondents requires an analysis of the motives behind the decisions they make at the very least.
Przyroda w perspektywie kulturoznawczej jako obszar badań
Authors: Kościelniak Cezary
Published: September 2024

Issues related to the environment, its protection, climate change, etc., has been increasingly entering the field of humanities and social sciences. The article examines the theoretical framework for building a research program for cultural studies for environment, a subfield of cultural sciences relating to issues of nature. The context of consideration oscillates around the development of economic-cultural, and cultural-political issues with themes related to nature and its protection. The text indicates that culturally operationalized knowledge of nature can have both research and implementation translations, becoming the basis for building strategies or theoretical foundations for reflection in the fields of conservation practices.
Acute renal response to changes in carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated female pigs
Authors: Pozzi T. , Nicolardi R. V. , Fioccola A. , Fratti I. , Romitti F. , Busana M. , Collino F. , Gattarello S. , Wieditz J. , Caironi P. , Moerer O. , Quintel M. , Meissner K. , Camporota L. , Gattinoni L.
Published: September 2024

Kidney response to acute and mechanically induced variation in ventilation associated with different levels of PEEP has not been investigated. We aimed to quantify the effect of ventilatory settings on renal acid–base compensation. Forty‐one pigs undergoing hypo‐ (<0.2 Lkg−1 min−1, PEEP 25 cmH2O), intermediate (0.2–0.4 Lkg−1 min−1 with either PEEP 5 or 25 cmH2O), or hyper‐ventilation (>0.4 Lkg−1 min−1, PEEP 5 cmH2O) for 48 h were retrospectively included. The decrease in pH paralleled the decrease in plasma strong ion difference (SID) in hyper‐ and intermediately ventilated groups with lower PEEP. In contrast, the plasma SID remained nearly constant in hypo‐ and intermediately ventilated groups with higher PEEP. Changes in plasma chloride concentration accounted for the changes in plasma SID (conditional R2 = 0.86). The plasma SID changes were paralleled by mirror changes in urinary SID. Higher PEEP (25 cmH2O), compared to lower PEEP (5 cmH2O) dampened or abolished the renal compensation through its effect on hemodynamics (higher central venous and mean pulmonary pressures), irrespective of minute ventilation. During mechanical ventilation, the compensatory renal response to respiratory derangement is immediate and progressive but can be dampened by high PEEP levels.
Anabolic deficits and divergent unfolded protein response underlie skeletal and cardiac muscle growth impairments in the Yoshida hepatoma tumor model of cancer cachexia
Authors: Belcher Daniel J. , Kim Nina , Navarro‐Llinas Blanca , Möller Maria , López‐Soriano Francisco J. , Busquets Silvia , Nader Gustavo A.
Published: September 2024

Cancer cachexia manifests as whole body wasting, however, the precise mechanisms governing the alterations in skeletal muscle and cardiac anabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we explored changes in anabolic processes in both skeletal and cardiac muscles in the Yoshida AH‐130 ascites hepatoma model of cancer cachexia. AH‐130 tumor‐bearing rats experienced significant losses in body weight, skeletal muscle, and heart mass. Skeletal and cardiac muscle loss was associated with decreased ribosomal (r)RNA, and hypophosphorylation of the eukaryotic factor 4E binding protein 1. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was evident by higher activating transcription factor mRNA in skeletal muscle and growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein (GADD)34 mRNA in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Tumors provoked an increase in tissue expression of interferon‐γ in the heart, while an increase in interleukin‐1β mRNA was apparent in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. We conclude that compromised skeletal muscle and heart mass in the Yoshida AH‐130 ascites hepatoma model involves a marked reduction translational capacity and efficiency. Furthermore, our observations suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress and tissue production of pro‐inflammatory factors may play a role in the development of skeletal and cardiac muscle wasting.
Emergency Labor Constitutionalism and Emergency Regulations
Authors: Litor Lilach
Published: September 2024

Drawing on the intersection of the theory of the regulatory state, labor regulation theory of the legal origin, and the literature on emergency constitutionalism, the article introduces the notion of labor emergency constitutionalism, within the welfare emergency regulatory state. While focusing on the novel issue of emergency constitutionalism within the labor market, the article presents two variants for labor emergency constitutionalism and the development of different roles of the courts. The article explores the jurisdiction of Israel and Britain, presenting two distinct approaches to constitutionalism. Based on the problems invoked by both models, the article presents a suggested new model.