bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus – principles of the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Ratajczak Karol , Szczęsny Grzegorz , Małdyk Paweł
Published: June 2019

Comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus impair shoulder function, resulting in more or less severe disability. They rank among the most frequent fractures in adults, with incidence increasing with age and the degree of bone loss (osteoporosis).
Among all currently used methods of stabilization of proximal humeral fractures, the best outcomes are afforded by angularly-stable plate fixation and interlocking or reconstructive intramedullary nailing. Both methods produce comparable results enabling bone union and restoration of limb functionality. Nevertheless, in elderly patients with advanced bone loss, in whom anatomical reduction of bone fragments is difficult or impossible, stabilization questionable and patient cooperation in the postoperative rehabilitation impossible to enforce, arthroplasty should be considered. Non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures may be treated conservatively by immobilizing the limb in an orthosis for three weeks. Nevertheless, the recommendations for operative interventions are being broadened, as stabilization eliminates the need to immobilize the limb, thus not affecting the patient’s professional and social activities, enabling immediate rehabilitation, reducing the risk of joint stiffness and shortening recovery time.
Feet Deformity and Gait Disturbance in a Patient with Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP). Case Study
Authors: Synder Marek Aleksander , Malik Praveen , Synder Marek , Andrychowicz Żaneta , Hatim Altimimi Munaf A. , Kłosiński Stanisław , Borowski Andrzej
Published: June 2019

Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare condition representing a primary form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. It presents in different stages. Patients often overlook early symptoms, because they are benign. The most common manifestations are clubbing of the fingers and toes, skin thickening with characteristic folds on the face and head and widening of joints accompanied by radiological changes. Surgical treatment is not often needed, and, consequently, there are no strict guidelines on surgical management, which is mainly based on case report ana­lysis. This paper presents a case of surgical management of pachydermoperiostosis.
OSS Implant Fracture as a Complication of Resection Arthroplasty Performed Following High-energy Knee Injury. Case Study
Authors: Wodziński Piotr , Dragan Szymon F. , Krawczyk( Artur , Kulej Mirosław , Dragan Szymon Ł.
Published: June 2019

Treatment of high-energy distal femoral fractures is highly demanding. Advances in osteosynthesis tech­niques now allow for successful treatment, but extensive bone defects associated with the injury can preclude stable bone healing. Modular arthroplasty may be an effective alternative in such cases. Most commonly used during periarticular tumour resection procedures, modular arthroplasty enables functional recovery of the limb. It has been proven to be effective also in traumatic bone defects. The most important limitation of this method is a high level of technical difficulty and possible complications that may require reoperation. The most common complications are infections, periprosthetic fractures and implant wear and loosening. This report presents a case of high-energy injury to the distal femur, with a considerable bone defect treated successfully by modular post resection arthroplasty using a Biomet OSS implant. A spontaneous implant fracture occurred nine years after surgery. This complication had not been previously described in the available literature. A re­vision arthroplasty was performed with similar implants, resulting in functional recovery of the limb and patient satisfaction.
Treatment of Massive Giant Cell Tumor of Bone of the Proximal Radius. Case Study
Authors: Bartyzel Agnieszka , Skowronek Paweł , Dutka Julian , Skowronek Michał
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a case of a massive giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), Campanacci and Enneking type III, in an atypical location at the proximal end of the radius. In type I and II cases, surgical treatment is the treat­ment of choice: curettage of the lesion, replacement of bone defects with bone grafts or cement. Advanced type III changes frequently require segmental resection and joint reconstruction. In our patient, a segmental resection of the proximal third of the radius and infiltrated surrounding soft tissues was performed without reconstruction of the radius. A good clinical outcome without a relapse has been noted at one year post surgery.
Second season of prehistoric investigations in the Qumayrah Valley, Oman
Authors: Białowarczuk Marcin , Szymczak Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

In the second field season of the Omani–Polish Qumayrah Archaeological Project, the prehistoric leg of the team conducted investigations of previously discovered lithic sites in the vicinity of Al-Ayn village. This paper summarizes the results of archaeological testing at three open campsites codenamed Qumayrah-Ayn (QA) 2, QA 6 and QA 12. The investigations provided new evidence of intensive Stone Age settlement of the Qumayrah Valley (also known as Wadi Fajj). The data, comprising lithic tools and some shell and stone beads, indicate that the occupation of these sites should be dated to various stages of the Neolithic period.
DESIGN APPROACH FOR HIGH-DYNAMIC PLANAR MOTION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF KINEMATICALLY COUPLED
FORCE COMPENSATION
Authors: IHLENFELDT Steffen , MÜLLER Jens , MERX Marcel , PEUKERT Christoph
Published: June 2019

Machine tools’ feed dynamics are usually limited in order to reduce excitation of machine structure oscillations. Consequently, the potential increase in productivity provided by direct drives, e.g. linear motors, cannot be exploited. The novel approach of the Kinematically Coupled Force Compensation (KCFC) applies a redundant axis configuration combined with the principle of force compensation and thus achieves an increase in feed dynamics while drive reaction forces cancel out each other in the machine base. In this paper, the principle
of KCFC is introduced briefly. Subsequently, the basics for the realisation of a highly dynamic KCFC motion system with planar motion are derived and discussed. In order to achieve highest acceleration (> 100 m/s²) and jerk (> 100000 m/s³), a mechatronic system with specially designed components for the mechanical, electrical and control system is required. Thus, the design approach presented in this paper applies lightweight slides,
a decoupled guide frame and voice coil motors operated at high frequencies for the pulse width modulation and control loops.
END MILLING OF TI-48AL-2CR-2NB UNDER HIGH-FEED CONDITIONS
Authors: FINKELDEI Daniel , BLEICHER Friedrich
Published: June 2019

Gamma titanium aluminides are fast developing materials and particularly in use for aerospace and automotive components. Due to the high cutting forces and raised cutting temperatures achieved during milling of this material, tool-wear is a crucial factor. Thus, increasing of the cutting speed leads to a significant rise
of the cutting temperature. On the one hand, the implementation of innovative cooling strategies can reduce
the heat flux in the cutting tool. On the other hand, analysing of the heat generation during the cutting process can lead to improved machining strategies. Previous research attempts assess microstructural and chip formation, as well as tool-wear in finish milling of this material. However, few have investigated the optimal cutting strategies in roughing and finishing of titanium aluminides. In this study, the milling operation under high feed rate should be investigated and the potential to improve chip removal rate and tool life should be determined.
Determinants of Property Insurance Demand in Slovak Republic: Challenges and Obstacles
Authors: Ondruška Tomáš , Brokešová Zuzana , Pastoráková Erika
Published: June 2019

In the Slovak Republic, non-life insurance consumption is significantlylower compared to Western European countries. The paper tests various personal, demographic and economic factors and their impact on the individual property insurance demand in the Slovak Republic. Using survey data, we identified the following as statistically significant determinants of property insurance demand: gender, age, marital status, propensity to save, level of income, being a head of household. Our results can help insurers to better understand their potential consumers and to improve their acquisition and segmentation techniques. Our findings are important, especially, in times after launching a new tax on non-life insurance premiums, as individuals in Slovakia are very sensitive to the premium and often fail to buy adequate coverage in property insurance.
Entre a gruta e o arquivo: ver e escrever a pintura de Clarice Lispector
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hack Lilian
Published: June 2019

O artigo cartografa o encontro com as pinturas realizadas pela escritora Clarice Lispector. Convocando diferentes planos de contato – livro, arquivo e pintura, que envolvem os gestos de ler, ver e escrever – se enuncia uma relação entre palavra e imagem que questiona o jogo representacional entre ambas, jogo que obsidia a crítica, a teoria e a história da arte. Desde a experiência de imersão no arquivo do Instituto Moreira Salles, que guarda parte do acervo pictórico e alguns manuscritos da escritora, se subleva uma visada fabular entre arquivo e gruta, tema de uma das pinturas consultadas. São dadas assim as condições para analisar os aspectos materiais, plásticos, visuais dessas pinturas, lançando mão de conceitos que oferecem imagens a essa cartografia. Maurice Blanchot, Georges Didi-Huberman e Gilles Deleuze são os principais interlocutores do texto.
A abstração da caligrafia árabe na fabricação da arte moderna sudanesa
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Salles Sandra Mara
Published: June 2019

A proposta deste artigo é analisar o uso da caligrafia árabe por artistas pioneiros da pintura moderna no Sudão nas décadas de 1950 e 1960 e sua relação com o processo de modernização do país. Será problematizado o papel central atribuído à caligrafia no currículo da Escola de Cartum, um dos principais movimentos artísticos no continente africano no período pós-colonial. O debate crítico encabeçado pelos artistas sudaneses Hassan Musa e Abdallah Bashir (Bola), no início dos anos 1970, que viam a abstração da caligrafia árabe como um dos mecanismos de essencialização da arte e da cultura sudanesa também será examinado.
Arte, interações, olhares e transformação: museus expandidos e práticas artísticas colaborativas
Authors:   Universidad de Madrid, Romero Julio
Published: June 2019

Alguns desenvolvimentos no campo artístico são considerados como evidências de uma maior horizontalidade, o que implica uma ênfase no processo, experiência ou o papel do público como participante em vários graus. Um conceito ampliado da ideia do museu é sugerido nesta mesma linha e revisam-se alguns exemplos de práticas artísticas colaborativas onde ela está presente em várias formas e que respondem a uma cultura artística que prioriza a experiência, o processo, a interação, a ação e o desenvolvimento e transformação pessoal e social.
Hemoterapia: hemácias fenotipadas para pacientes falcêmicos
Authors: Andrade Simone Possas , Lemos Anderson José Gonzaga , Mota Mara Soares de Almeida , Takahagassi Patricia Delmiro de Sousa
Published: June 2019

A hemoterapia é um meio de tratamento da anemia falciforme, sendo as transfusões de concentrado de hemácias fenotipadas mais utilizadas. A anemia falciforme, até os dias de hoje, é um desafio para seus portadores e profissionais da área, porque há uma grande dificuldade dos processos fisiopatológicos e por causa da gravidade de muitas das suas manifestações clinicas. Por isso, é importante que a doença seja detectada precocemente. O profissional biomédico é um dos principais responsável por isso, pois é qualificado para realizar os exames clínicos, a fim de diagnosticar e esclarecer o real quadro clínico e o tratamento adequado para doença. O objetivo do estudo é relatar a importância da hemoterapia em pacientes falcêmicos, dando ênfase à importância dos concentrados de hemácias fenotipadas para os pacientes falcêmicos. A imunofenotipagem eritrocitária nos pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme é importante para prevenir uma das principais complicações da terapia transfusional, uma vez que a presença de aloanticorpos e autoanticorpos dificulta a obtenção de sangue compatível e pode ocasionar reações transfusionais hemolíticas agudas ou tardias, aumentando a morbidade da doença. Deste modo, para o tratamento e diagnóstico correto, existem inúmeros exames, sendo os mais utilizados e qualificados, o teste do pezinho (utiliza-se para um pré-diagnóstico); o hemograma; e a eletroforese de hemoglobina em acetato de celulose ou em agarose, com pH variando de 8 a 9, que é a técnica mais qualificada para a confirmação do diagnóstico desta hemoglobinopatia.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE WITH VEGETABLE AND ORGANIC WASTES
Authors: NEUMANN LANGDON PATRICIO , OVIEDO CLAUDIA , SUAZO SCHWENCKE ALVARO , RAMIS LANYON FRANCISCO , DELGADO NEIRA PAMELA
Published: June 2019

Sewage treatment plants (STPs) sanitize wastewater so that it can be discharged into natural watercourses. As a result
of this treatment, biosolids or sludge are generated. Sludge disposal is a potential source of soil and water pollution, and its management can account for up to 50% of the operational
costs of wastewater treatment facilities. On the other hand, the management of other sources of organic wastes such as fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) represent a challenge and an opportunity, due to their high volumes and potential energy
valorization though biological and thermal processes.
In this article, we review the main reports regarding anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge with FVW and similar residues. Only pilot and full-scale experiences were included in our search, in an attempt to provide a realistic assessment of the degree of technology
adoption in industrial plants. Additionally, we review the current
Chilean, European and American regulations regarding final disposal or elimination of sludge, with emphasis on those that involve waste energy valorization, such as incineration in cement plants.
Corrigendum: Treatments of Advanced Non‑Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in an Italian Center: Drug Utilization and the Treatment Costs of Innovative Drugs
Authors: Listed] [No authors
Published: June 2019

There was an error in Discussion section at page 36 in this article by Piantedosi et al. [Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 2019; 20(1): 27-41; https://doi.org/10.7175/fe.v20i1.1376]. The online version has been corrected on June 5, 2019
ОД СКИЦЕ ДО ИЛУСТРАЦИЈЕ – ТЕХНИКЕ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЈЕ КАО ОСНОВ ЗА КЛАСИФИКАЦИЈУ МЕТОДОЛОШКИХ ОБРАЗАЦА У АРХИТЕКТОНСКОМ ПРОЈЕКТОВАЊУ –
Authors: Ступар Диана
Published: June 2019

Архитектура, која увијек истовремено антиципира и апстрактнe и реалнe просторе, у првим фазама пројектовања, између наведених крајности комуницира посредством архитектонског цртежа (скице, рендера, нацрта). Технике којима архитекта комуницира између свијета мисли и свијета грађевине, репрезентују идеје и контексте из којих простор настаје. Овај рад се бави анализом и класификацијом методолошких образаца, претпостављених на основу техника репрезентације које се примјењују у иницијалним апстрактним фазама пројектовања. Намјера је да се кроз типичне праксе укаже не другачије квалитативне везе технике и архитектуре којe иста подржава.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL MINORITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Okilj Milijana , Preradović Ljubiša , Malinović Miroslav
Published: June 2019

The territory of the Republic of Srpska is well-known for a large number of foreign colonies formed after 1878. Foreigners from all over the Austro-Hungarian Empire were settled in the northern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, today covering the municipalities in the Republic of Srpska. The most dominant group among all national minorities was the Ukrainian. This paper deals with their sacred architecture, which significantly contributes to the image of architecture in the Republic of Srpska. Common properties, the historical context and background ideas are shown, along with selected examples of representative pieces of architecture, followed by a historical and architectural evaluation. Moreover, a note on the number of demolished sacred buildings is given, completing this paper that originally contributes to the historical research and analysis of architecture in this region.
ПРИМЈЕНА ИНФОРМАЦИОНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈА У АНАЛИЗИ И ПРЕДВИЂАЊУ УСПЈЕХА СТУДЕНАТА
Authors: Прерадовић Љубиша , Стојисављевић Ђорђе , Гаћина Александар
Published: June 2019

Примјена откривања законитости у подацима у области образовања (енгл. Educational data mining) представља нову област информационих технологија која је у експанзији. У овом раду је коришћењем data miningа извршена анализа и развој модела за предвиђање успјеха студената, заснованог на појединим факторима који утичу на њихов успјех (успјех у средњој школи, успјех на пријемном испиту). Истраживање има за циљ да покаже у којој мјери успјех у средњој школи и успјех на пријемном испиту утичу на успјех ученика током студирања, а који cе прије свега огледа на оцјенама из базичних предмета и укупном броју остварених ECTS бодова. У истраживању су коришћени савремени софтверски алати: RapidMiner, SPSS и MATLAB.
De yngste barna som vegfarere i barnehagen
Authors: Myrstad Anne , Sverdrup Toril
Published: June 2019

Artikkelen fokuserer på de yngste barnas læringsprosesser gjennom deres involvering og engasjement med sosiale og fysiske omgivelser i barnehagen. Det løftes fram hvordan barnekropper i bevegelse er kilde for erkjennelse og læring. Som utgangspunkt for analysen har vi valgt to eksempler fra barns aktivitet i barnehagens uteområde. Forsker har vært tilstede som deltakende observatør, og inngått som en del av konteksten barnas bevegelse og aktivitet foregår i. Tim Ingolds begrep vegfaring (wayfaring) anvendes i analysen av hvordan bevegelse kan forstås som læring. Dette er læringsprosesser som handler om å være i verden fremfor å lære om verden. Ved å ta i bruk et slikt perspektiv på læring vil artikkelen være et bidrag til å tydeliggjøre innholdet i et helhetlig læringssyn i barnehagens pedagogiske praksis.
Nøkkelord: Bevegelse, korrespondanse, læring, vegfaring
Blikk for barn
Authors: Os Ellen , Winger Nina
Published: June 2019

I dette temanummeret av Nordisk barnehageforskning, vil vi presentere et utvalg av de siste artiklene fra forskningsprosjektet Blikk for Barn. Blikk for Barn var et omfattende forskningsprosjekt som satte søkelyset på kvalitet i barnehager for barn under tre år i Norge. Prosjektet var finansiert av Norges Forskningsråd og ble gjennomført i perioden 2012-2018. Dette var et tverrinstitusjonelt og tverrfaglig prosjekt, drevet av Institutt for barnehagelærerutdanning ved OsloMet – Storbyuniversitetet. En bredt sammensatt forskergruppe med forskere fra ulike faggrupper fra OsloMet, samt stipendiater, samarbeidet tett med forskere fra Universitet i Tromsø - Norges arktiske universitet, Universitetet i Stavanger og en forsker fra NTNU, Norsk Senter for barneforskning. Vi samarbeidet også med prosjektet GOBAN (Gode barnehager for barn i Norge), om deler av forskningsmaterialet. I tillegg til den faste forskergruppen valgte kollegaer, stipendiater og masterstudenter å knytte egne prosjekter til Blikk for Barn. Prosjektleder var professor Leif Hernes, med førstelektor Ellen Os som co-prosjektleder.
High resistance to climatic variability in a dominant tundra shrub species
Authors: González Victoria T. , Moriana-Armendariz Mikel , Hagen Snorre B. , Lindgård Bente , Reiersen Rigmor , Bråthen Kari Anne
Published: June 2019

Climate change is modifying temperature and precipitation regimes across all seasons in northern ecosystems. Summer temperatures are higher, growing seasons extend into spring and fall and snow cover conditions are more variable during winter. The resistance of dominant tundra species to these season-specific changes, with each season potentially having contrasting effects on their growth and survival, can determine the future of tundra plant communities under climate change. In our study, we evaluated the effects of several spring/summer and winter climatic variables (i.e., summer temperature, growing season length, growing degree days, and number of winter freezing days) on the resistance of the dwarf shrub Empetrum nigrum. We measured over six years the ability of E. nigrum to keep a stable shoot growth, berry production, and vegetative cover in five E. nigrum dominated tundra heathlands, in a total of 144 plots covering a 200-km gradient from oceanic to continental climate. Overall, E. nigrum displayed high resistance to climatic variation along the gradient, with positive growth and reproductive output during all years and sites. Climatic conditions varied sharply among sites, especially during the winter months, finding that exposure to freezing temperatures during winter was correlated with reduced shoot length and berry production. These negative effects however, could be compensated if the following growing season was warm and long. Our study demonstrates that E. nigrum is a species resistant to fluctuating climatic conditions during the growing season and winter months in both oceanic and continental areas. Overall, E. nigrum appeared frost hardy and its resistance was determined by interactions among different season-specific climatic conditions with contrasting effects.
Grid-connected Response Verification of AC Microgrid under Single Line-to-ground Short Circuit
Authors: Aminu Maruf A.
Published: June 2019

In design of power systems, assumptions are made to model the physical systems. The assumptions may not sufficiently reflect the behavior of the system under normal and faulted conditions. Under short circuit conditions, system parameters vary significantly, particularly in microgrids with grid interconnection capabilities. This paper presents the result of validating the response of a microgrid which is capable of grid interconnection and islanding under voltage and reactive power control regimes. The microgrid is modeled to incorporate two wind turbines, each rated 5.5 kW, 400 V. The utility has synchronous generator rated 100 MW, 13.8 kV. Both the utility and microgrid are capable of exchanging active power and reactive power. Single line-to-ground short circuits are introduced and withdrawn at 30.00 s and 32.00 s, respectively. The dynamic responses of the testbed are captured pre-, during- and post-short circuit in grid-connected mode under both control regimes. The response of the testbed is verified to be consistent with established short circuit theory, verifying the validity of the system for short circuit detection and analysis. The testbed can therefore be used for short circuit and related studies, design optimization and power system performance prediction.
On the road to unraveling the molecular functions of ether lipids
Authors: Jiménez‐Rojo Noemi , Riezman Howard
Published: June 2019

Ether lipids are glycerolipids further classified into alkyl‐ether and alkenyl‐ether (also termed plasmalogens) lipids. The two ether lipid subclasses share the first steps of their synthesis. However, alkyl‐ether and alkenyl‐ether lipids differ in their structure and physico‐chemical properties (featuring different head groups) and, thus, probably in their functions. Ether lipids have intermittent distribution across the evolutionary tree and defects in their synthesis have been shown to perturb cellular homeostasis and lead to disease in humans. Here, we review their structure, their interactions with other lipids, and their potential roles in cellular functions, such as membrane homeostasis and membrane trafficking. Moreover, we discuss still unclear aspects of these lipids such as their subcellular distribution, and the need to unravel their molecular functions as well as how novel tools to study lipid biology will help clarify these aspects.
Directed Energy Deposition versus Wrought Ti‐6Al‐4V: A Comparison of Microstructure, Fatigue Behavior, and Notch Sensitivity
Authors: Razavi Nima , Berto Filippo
Published: June 2019

Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS), a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) additive manufacturing process is a 3D manufacturing process generally used to produce fully dense parts or to repair/add additional material to an existing component. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the fatigue behavior of LENS specimens in the presence of geometrical discontinuities and to compare its performance to the one obtained from wrought specimens. For this aim, axial fatigue tests are carried out on three sets of specimens namely, smooth, semi‐circular and V‐notched specimens to determine the fatigue strength and notch sensitivity of the LENS and wrought Ti‐6Al‐4V materials. The LENS material shows higher fatigue strength and notch sensitivity compared to wrought material which is attributed to the unique microstructural features leading to different fatigue failure mechanisms. Further, the fatigue data is assessed by use of strain energy density as a failure criterion.
Probing the Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions in the Near Field of Nanostructures
Authors: Sun Lin , Bai Benfeng , Wang Jia , Zhang Mingqian , Zhang Xiaomeng , Song Xu , Huang Lingling
Published: June 2019

Photonic spin–orbit interactions (SOI) provide a new design paradigm of functional nanomaterials and nanostructures, and have especially accelerated advances in spin–orbit photonics. The berry phase or the geometric phase, a salient property of SOI, plays a vital role in this process. Thus, the characterization of photonic SOI processes together with the Berry phase is highly demanded for studies such as the optical spin‐Hall effect, spin‐to‐vortex conversion, and Rashba effect. Here, a spin‐selective and phase‐resolved near‐field microscopic method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for real‐time probing and direct visualization of photonic SOI at mesoscale, and a 3D tomographic technique for imaging the spatial evolutions of the optical phases is also properly realized. By analyzing a metallic metasurface as a spin‐to‐vortex conversion platform, the abrupt geometric phase and the spatially evolutional dynamic phases are directly measured and intuitively illustrated. This work provides a powerful tool for the study of spin–orbit phenomena in near‐field optics, and can hold the promise for directly exploring the spin‐dependent surface states in plasmonics and photonic topological insulators.
Multi‐Layered, Hierarchical Fabric‐Based Tactile Sensors with High Sensitivity and Linearity in Ultrawide Pressure Range
Authors: Pyo Soonjae , Lee Jaeyong , Kim Wondo , Jo Eunhwan , Kim Jongbaeg
Published: June 2019

Resistive tactile sensors based on changes in contact area have been extensively explored for a variety of applications due to their outstanding pressure sensitivity compared to conventional tactile sensors. However, the development of tactile sensors with high sensitivity in a wide pressure range still remains a major challenge due to the trade‐off between sensitivity and linear detection range. Here, a tactile sensor comprising stacked carbon nanotubes and Ni‐fabrics is presented. The hierarchical structure of the fabrics facilitates a significant increase in contact area between them under pressure. Additionally, a multi‐layered structure that can provide more contact area and distribute stress to each layer further improves the sensitivity and linearity. Given these advantages, the sensor presents high sensitivity (26.13 kPa−1) over a wide pressure range (0.2–982 kPa), which is a significant enhancement compared with the results obtained in previous studies. The sensor also exhibits outstanding performances in terms of response time, repeatability, reproducibility, and flexibility. Furthermore, meaningful applications of the sensor, including wrist‐pulse‐signal analysis, flexible keyboards, and tactile interface, are successfully demonstrated. Based on the facile and scalable fabrication technique, the conceptually simple but powerful approach provides a promising strategy to realize next‐generation electronics.
A Facile Method for the Growth of Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays on Polymer Dielectric toward Flexible Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhao Wanqin , Jie Jiansheng , Wei Qi , Lu Zhengjun , Jia Ruofei , Deng Wei , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: June 2019

Polymer dielectrics with intrinsic mechanical flexibility are considered as a key component for flexible organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). However, it remains a challenge to fabricate highly aligned organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays on the polymer dielectrics. Herein, for the first time, a facile and universal strategy, polar surface‐confined crystallization (PSCC), is proposed to grow highly aligned OSSC arrays on poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) dielectric layer. The surface polarity of PVP is altered periodically with oxygen‐plasma treatment, enabling the preferential nucleation of organic crystals on the strong‐polarity regions. Moreover, a geometrical confinement effect of the patterned regions can also prevent multiple nucleation and misaligned molecular packing, enabling the highly aligned growth of OSSC arrays with uniform morphology and unitary crystallographic orientation. Using 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) as an example, highly aligned C8‐BTBT single crystal arrays with uniform molecular packing and crystal orientation are successfully fabricated on the PVP layer, which can guarantee their uniform electrical properties. OFETs made from the C8‐BTBT single crystal arrays on flexible substrates exhibit a mobility as high as 2.25 cm2 V−1 s−1, which has surpassed the C8‐BTBT polycrystalline film‐based flexible devices. This work paves the way toward the fabrication of highly aligned OSSCs on polymer dielectrics for high‐performance, flexible organic devices.
Glucose‐Responsive Composite Microneedle Patch for Hypoglycemia‐Triggered Delivery of Native Glucagon
Authors: GhavamiNejad Amin , Li Jason , Lu Brian , Zhou Liwei , Lam Loretta , Giacca Adria , Wu Xiao Yu
Published: June 2019

Insulin‐dependent patients with diabetes mellitus require multiple daily injections of exogenous insulin to combat hyperglycemia. However, administration of excess insulin can lead to hypoglycemia, a life‐threatening condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels (BGLs). To prevent hypoglycemia associated with intensive insulin therapy, a “smart” composite microneedle (cMN) patch is developed, which releases native glucagon at low glucose levels. The cMN patch is composed of a photo‐crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) microneedle array with embedded multifunctional microgels. The microgels incorporate zwitterionic moieties that stabilize loaded glucagon and phenylboronic acid moieties that provide glucose‐dependent volume change to facilitate glucagon release. Hypoglycemia‐triggered release of structurally unchanged glucagon from the cMN patch is demonstrated in vitro and in a rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Transdermal application of the patch prevented insulin‐induced hypoglycemia in the diabetic rats. This work is the first demonstration of a glucose‐responsive glucagon‐delivery MN patch for the prevention of hypoglycemia, which has a tremendous potential to reduce the dangers of intensive insulin therapy and improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes and their caregivers.
The Role of Bulk and Interface Recombination in High‐Efficiency Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Hosseini Seyed M. , Gunder René , Petsiuk Andrei , Caprioglio Pietro , Wolff Christian M. , Shoaee Safa , Meredith Paul , Schorr Susan , Unold Thomas , Burn Paul L. , Neher Dieter , Stolterfoht Martin
Published: June 2019

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) solar cells have excellent environmental stability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of RPP cells remains inferior to 3D perovskite‐based cells. Herein, 2D (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 perovskite cells with different numbers of [PbI6]4− sheets (n = 2–4) are analyzed. Photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) measurements show that nonradiative open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses outweigh radiative losses in materials with n > 2. The n = 3 and n = 4 films exhibit a higher PLQY than the standard 3D methylammonium lead iodide perovskite although this is accompanied by increased interfacial recombination at the top perovskite/C60 interface. This tradeoff results in a similar PLQY in all devices, including the n = 2 system where the perovskite bulk dominates the recombination properties of the cell. In most cases the quasi‐Fermi level splitting matches the device VOC within 20 meV, which indicates minimal recombination losses at the metal contacts. The results show that poor charge transport rather than exciton dissociation is the primary reason for the reduction in fill factor of the RPP devices. Optimized n = 4 RPP solar cells had PCEs of 13% with significant potential for further improvements.
Thread‐Like Radical‐Polymerization via Autonomously Propelled (TRAP) Bots
Authors: Srivastava Sarvesh Kumar , Ajalloueian Fatemeh , Boisen Anja
Published: June 2019

Micromotor‐mediated synthesis of thread‐like hydrogel microstructures in an aqueous environment is presented. The study utilizes a catalytic micromotor assembly (owing to the presence of a Pt layer), with an on‐board chemical reservoir (i.e., polymerization mixture), toward thread‐like radical‐polymerization via autonomously propelled bots (i.e., TRAP bots). Synergistic coupling of catalytically active Pt layer, together with radical initiators (H2O2 and FeCl3 (III)), and PEGDA monomers preloaded into the TRAP bot, results in the polymerization of monomeric units into elongated thread‐like hydrogel polymers coupled with self‐propulsion. Interestingly, polymer generation via TRAP bots can also be triggered in the absence of hydrogen peroxide for cellular/biomedical application. The resulting polymeric hydrogel microstructures are able to entrap living cells (NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells), and are easily separable via a centrifugation or magnetic separation (owing to the presence of a Ni layer). The cellular biocompatibility of TRAP bots is established via a LIVE/DEAD assay and MTS cell proliferation assay (7 days observation). This is the first study demonstrating real‐time in situ hydrogel polymerization via an artificial microswimmer, capable of enmeshing biotic/abiotic microobjects in its reaction environment, and lays a strong foundation for advanced applications in cell/tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cleaner technologies.
A Natural Supramolecular Saponin Hydrogelator for Creation of Ultrastable and Thermostimulable Food‐Grade Foams
Authors: Ma Lulu , Li Qing , Du Zhenya , Su Enyi , Liu Xiao , Wan Zhili , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: June 2019

A new class of food‐grade foams that are ultrastable, thermostimulable, and processable can be created simply by using the naturally occurring saponin glycyrrhizic acid (GA) as the sole stabilizer. The creation of this “superfoam” is based on the spatially controllable self‐assembly of supramolecular GA nanofibril hydrogelators at the air–water interface and in the continuous phase. The rapid adsorption of GA nanofibrils at the bubble surface, forming a multilayer interfacial network, combined with the formation of viscoelastic fibrillar hydrogel networks in the continuous phase, enables the foams having ultrastability over months or years without the water drainage induced phase separation, which have been evidenced using small angle X‐ray scattering and microscopy techniques. Such ultrastable foams can be rapidly destabilized on demand by heating, which induces the melting of the fibrillar networks. These thermoresponsive foams can be reversibly switched between stable and unstable by simply changing the temperature, based on the reversible gel–sol phase transition of the supramolecular hydrogel inside the foam. This is the first finding of a natural edible surfactant system that foams very well and can be used solely to make advanced foams with the qualities of simplicity, ultrastability, stimulability, and processability, which make them viable for many sustainable applications.
A Widely Applicable Strategy for Coffee‐Ring Effect Suppression and Controllable Deposition of Nanoparticles Utilizing Ice Drying
Authors: He Enqi , Guo Dan , Li Zhihong
Published: June 2019

The coffee‐ring effect, which may hamper the performance in many applications, such as printing, substance analysis, and material manufacturing, is a main concern for a long period of time. Although various approaches are studied to resolve this issue, researchers still long for better solutions. In this work, a novel, simple, and stable strategy based on ice drying is presented to suppress the coffee‐ring effect. Since this method does not rely on the properties of both substrate and droplet or any external forcing, it can be widely applicable under different conditions. Based on the parameter control of ice‐drying process, different residue patterns of uniform distribution, centered deposition, and a “coffee eye,” a phenomenon presenting center and rim enhanced deposition, can be obtained. As an important application, the centered deposition of nanoparticles can dramatically enhance surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for trace detection through high‐magnitude enrichment of nanoparticles and analytes.
Polymer Brushes Tethered ZnO Crystal on Cotton Fiber and the Application on Durable and Washable UV Protective Clothing
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Xiaogang , Cowling Stephen , Wang Libo , Liu Xuqing
Published: June 2019

To improve the durability and washability of ultraviolet (UV) protective fabrics, grafted polymer brushes are introduced as platforms for in situ growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure on modified cotton fibers, using the electroless deposition approach. Hollow cotton fiber acts as a microreactor for ZnO deposited on both inner and outer surfaces. More importantly, adjusting the reaction in a microenvironment enables effective control of the morphology of ZnO crystals and the functionalized fabric shows durable UV blocking properties. Unlike other finishing processes, the functional ZnO nanocrystals are grown not only on the surface of the fibers but also inside of the hollow cotton fibers, but with a different morphology. This unique property, postmodification allows the functional fabrics to show good antifriction capability, washability, and durability. The combination of zinc oxide and textiles brings out new features for plain cloth, and the final product can be applied to outdoor clothing, protective suits, tents, and curtains, etc.
Selective Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Nitriles by a User‐Friendly Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Sharma Dipesh M. , Punji Benudhar
Published: June 2019

Selective hydrogenation/reductive amination of nitriles to secondary amines catalyzed by an inexpensive and user‐friendly cobalt complex, (Xantphos)CoCl2, is reported. The use of (Xantphos)CoCl2 and ammonia borane (NH3−BH3) combination affords the selective reduction of nitriles to symmetrical secondary amines, whereas the employment of (Xantphos)CoCl2 and dimethylamine borane (Me2NH−BH3) along with external amines produce unsymmetrical secondary amines and tertiary amines. The general applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by the synthesis of 43 symmetrical and unsymmetrical secondary and tertiary amines bearing diverse functionalities.

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Novel Black BiVO4/TiO2−x Photoanode with Enhanced Photon Absorption and Charge Separation for Efficient and Stable Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Tian Zhangliu , Zhang Pengfei , Qin Peng , Sun Du , Zhang Shaoning , Guo Xiaowei , Zhao Wei , Zhao Dongyuan , Huang Fuqiang
Published: June 2019

Recent advances in solar water splitting by using BiVO4 as a photoanode have greatly optimized charge carrier and reaction dynamics, but relatively wide bandgap and poor photostability are still bottlenecks. Here, an excellent photoanode of black BiVO4@amorphous TiO2−x to tackle both problems is reported. Its applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency for solar water splitting is up to 2.5%, which is a new record for a single oxide photon absorber. This unique core–shell structure is fabricated by coating amorphous TiO2 on nanoporous BiVO4 with the aid of atomic layer deposition and further hydrogen plasma treatment at room temperature. The black BiVO4 with moderate oxygen vacancies reveals a bandgap reduction of ≈0.3 eV and significantly enhances solar utilization, charge transport and separation simultaneously, compared with conventional BiVO4. The amorphous layer of TiO2−x acts as both oxygen‐evolution catalyst and protection layer, which suppresses anodic photocorrosion to stabilize black BiVO4. This configuration of black BiVO4@amorphous TiO2−x may provide an effective strategy to prompt solar water splitting toward practical applications.
Field and laboratory methods for quantifying brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Authors: Levy Stephanie B.
Published: June 2019

Non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) is a metabolic response to acute cold exposure that involves the liberation of chemical energy through physiological mechanisms that are separate from muscle shivering. Recent research suggests that the metabolic and endocrine action of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may play an important role in adult human NST. Thus, characterizing variation in BAT across human populations is of central importance to human biologists interested in human energetics and cardio‐metabolic health. The gold standard for measuring BAT requires positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT)—a technique that is expensive, exposes the participant to radiation, and is inaccessible to researchers working in many regions. Here, the author outline a noninvasive, portable alternative approach to quantifying BAT that modifies the protocols commonly used in PET/CT studies. The method consists of three components: (a) activating BAT thermogenesis using a mild cooling condition; (b) indirectly quantifying BAT thermogenesis by measuring the change in skin temperature where BAT is commonly stored using infrared thermal imaging; and (c) estimating NST by measuring the change in energy expenditure using open‐circuit indirect calorimetry. The development of “field‐friendly” methods will allow human biologists to better characterize population variation in BAT as well as its adaptive and health significance.
Microsatellite markers for the biogeographically enigmatic sandmyrtle (Kalmia buxifolia, Phyllodoceae: Ericaceae)
Authors: Gillespie Emily L. , Madsen‐McQueen Tesa , Eriksson Torsten , Bailey Adam , Murrell Zack E.
Published: June 2019

Premise

Microsatellite markers were developed for sandmyrtle, Kalmia buxifolia (Ericaceae), to facilitate phylogeographic studies in this taxon and possibly many of its close relatives.

Methods and Results

Forty‐eight primer pairs designed from paired‐end Illumina MiSeq data were screened for robust amplification. Sixteen pairs were amplified again, but with fluorescently labeled primers to facilitate genotyping. Resulting chromatograms were evaluated for variability using three populations from Tennessee, North Carolina, and New Jersey, USA. Eleven primer pairs were reliable and polymorphic (mean 3.92 alleles), one was reliable but monomorphic, and four were not reliable. The markers exhibited lower heterozygosity (mean 0.246) than expected (mean 0.464). Cross‐amplification in the remaining nine Kalmia species exhibited a phylogenetic pattern, suggesting broad applicability of the markers across the genus.

Conclusions

These microsatellite markers will be useful in population genetics and species boundaries studies of K. buxifolia, K. procumbens, and likely all other Kalmia species.
RadialPheno: A tool for near‐surface phenology analysis through radial layouts
Authors: Mariano Greice C. , Alberton Bruna , Morellato Leonor Patrícia C. , Torres Ricardo da S.
Published: June 2019

Premise

Increasingly, researchers studying plant phenology are exploring novel technologies to remotely observe plant changes over time. The increasing use of phenocams to monitor leaf phenology, based on the analysis of indices extracted from sequences of daily digital vegetation images, has demanded the development of appropriate tools for data visualization and analysis. Here, we describe RadialPheno, a tool that uses radial layouts to represent time series from digital repeat photographs, and applies them to the analysis of leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of different vegetations.

Methods and Results

We developed a web tool, RadialPheno, provided with the R and Shiny environments, which uses radial visual structures to represent cyclical multidimensional temporal data associated with digital image time series. We demonstrate the application of our methods and tool for a savanna vegetation phenology in the Brazilian Cerrado. We visually represented the greenness index extracted from sequential imagery using the RadialPheno tool.

Conclusions

RadialPheno was successfully applied for the visualization and interpretation of individual, species, and community long‐term leafing phenology data associated with near‐surface phenological observations of Cerrado vegetation. RadialPheno was also effective for intercomparisons of ground‐based direct visual observations and camera‐derived phenology observations.
Syntheses, Structures and Sorption Properties of Three Isoreticular Trinuclear Indium‐Based Amide‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Zong‐Hui , Wang Qian , Xue Dong‐Xu , Bai Junfeng
Published: June 2019

Amide‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (AFMOFs) as a subclass of MOF materials have received great interest recently because of their intriguing structures and diverse potential applications. In this work, solvothermal reactions between indium nitrate and two mixed‐linkers afforded two new isoreticular 8‐connected trinuclear indium‐based AFMOFs of [(In3O)(OH)(L2)2(IN)2]⋅(solv)x (2‐In) and [(In3O)(OH)(L2)2(AIN)2]⋅(solv)x (NH2‐2‐In) (H2L2=4,4′‐(carbonylimino)dibenzoic acid and HIN=isonicotinic acid or HAIN=3‐aminoisonicotinic acid), respectively. Moreover, by means of reticular chemistry, an extended network of [(In3O)(OH)(L3)2(PB)2]⋅(solv)x (3‐In) (H2L3=4,4′‐(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl))dibenzoic acid, HPB=4‐(4‐pyridyl)benzoic acid) was also successfully realized after prolongation of the former dicarboxylate linker and HIN, resulting in a truly 8‐connected isoreticular AFMOF platform. These frameworks were structurally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD). Sorption studies further demonstrate that 2‐In and NH2‐2‐In exhibit not only high surface areas and pore volumes but also relatively high carbon capture capabilities (the CO2 uptakes reach 60.0 and 75.5 cm3 g−1 at 298 K and 760 torr, respectively) due to the presences of amide and/or amine functional groups. The selectivity of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 calculated by IAST are 10.18 and 12.43, 4.20 and 4.23 for 2‐In and NH2‐2‐In, respectively, which were additionally evaluated by mixed‐gases dynamic breakthrough experiments. In addition, high‐pressure gas sorption measurements show that both materials could take up moderate amounts of natural gas.