bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6-nitrodopamine potentiates contractions of rat isolated vas deferens induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and electric field stimulation
Authors: Britto-Júnior José , Lima Antonio Tiago , Campos Rafael , Gião Alexandre Asturianio , Mendes Gustavo Duarte , Lima Luiza Ferreira-Novaes , Fregonesi Adriano , Pupo André Sampaio , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: February 2023

6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that is released from rat isolated vas deferens, and it has been characterized as a major modulator of the contractility of rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD). Drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, a1 and b1b2 adrenoceptor blockers, act as selective antagonists of the 6-ND receptor in the RIEVD. In the rat isolated atria, 6-ND has a potent positive chronotropic action and causes remarkable potentiation of the positive chronotropic effects induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here it was investigated whether 6-ND interacts with the classical catecholamines in the rat isolated vas deferens.
Incubation with 6-ND (0.1 and 1nM; 30min) caused no contractions in the RIEVD but provoked significant leftward shifts in the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with 6-ND (1nM), potentiated the contractions induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS), whereas pre-incubation with 1nM of dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline, did not affect EFS-induced contractions. In tetrodotoxin (1mM) pre-treated (30 min) RIEVD, pre-incubation with 6-ND (0.1nM) did not caused leftward shifts in the concentration-dependent contractions induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, or dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with the α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (30 min, 10 nM) did not affect dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and EFS-induced contractions. However, when idazoxan (10nM) and 6-ND (0.1nM) were simultaneously pre-incubated (30 min), a significant potentiation of the EFS-induced contractions of the RIEVD was observed. 6-nitrodopamine causes remarkable potentiation of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline contractions on the RIEVD, due to activation of adrenergic terminals, possibly via pre-synaptic adrenoceptors.
A Resource Scheduling Method for Cloud Data Centers Based on Thermal Management
Authors: Mao Li , Chen Rui , Cheng Huiwen , Lin Weiwei , Liu Bo
Published: February 2023

With the continuous growth of cloud computing services, the high energy consumption of cloud data centers has become an urgent problem to be solved. Virtual machine consolidation (VMC) is an important way to optimize energy consumption, however excessive consolidation may lead to local hotspots and increase the risk of equipment failure. Thermal-aware scheduling can solve this problem, but it is difficult to strike a balance between SLA and energy consumption. To solve the above problems, we propose a method for scheduling cloud data center resources based on thermal management (TM-VMC), which optimizes total energy consumption and proactively prevents hotspots from a global perspective. It includes four phases of the VM consolidation process, dynamically schedules VMs by detecting server temperature and utilization status in real time, and finds suitable target hosts based on an improved ant colony algorithm (UACO) for the VMs. We compare the TM-VMC approach with several existing mainstream VM consolidation algorithms under workloads from real-world data centers. Simulation experimental results show that the TM-VMC approach can proactively avoid data center hotspots and significantly reduce energy consumption while maintaining low SLA violation rates.
Natural Resource Rents, Institutions and Political Violence: A Theoretical Exploration
Authors: Khan Karim , Sherbaz Sadia Sherbaz
Published: February 2023

Natural resource abundance has been linked to major violent conflicts in the world. Collier and Hoeffler (1998) were the first to discuss distributional concerns among different groups and its potential in instigating violence in the presence of natural resources. This work traces the theories that link natural resource rents to violence and develops a theoretical framework which can explain the role institutional accountability and third-party interference in that relationship. We have considered the dynamics between the dominant and minority groups in determining the shares in natural resources and then have adapted the framework by Elbadawi and Soto (2015) for explaining the motivation for exploitation and rebellion. Onwards, we modify the framework by incorporating institutional cost and third-party interference into the baseline analysis. The derived outcomes depict that indiscriminate institutional accountability for exploitation and aggression can be instrumental in neutralizing the effect of natural resource rents on political violence. Further, the effectiveness of institutional cost of violence is compromised in case of third-party interference. Our work makes a case for not only institutional reforms that would penalize exploitation and violence but also for a less conflictual foreign policy for a developing nation.
A comparative study between transanal and transabdominal approaches in treatment of complete rectal prolapse
Authors: Kwak Han Deok , Chung Jun Seong , Ju Jae Kyun
Published: February 2023

Purpose
There is a wide variety of surgical methods to treat rectal prolapse; however, to date, no clear agreement exists regarding the most effective surgical method. This study was designed to compare the results according to the surgical approach for complete rectal prolapse in women.
Methods
This study was conducted from March 2016 to February 2021 on female patients with rectal prolapse who underwent surgery. First, all patients were classified into mucosal and complete layer groups to confirm the difference in results between the two groups, and only complete layer prolapse patients were divided into transanal and abdominal approaches to compare parameters and functional outcomes in each group.
Results
A total of 180 patients were included, with an average age of 71.7 years and 102 complete prolapses. The complete layer group was found to have more abdominal access, longer operating time, and higher recurrence rates compared to the mucosal layer group. (p < 0.001) When targeting only the complete layer patients, there were 65 patients with the transanal and 37 with the abdominal (laparoscopic) approaches. The abdominal approach group had a longer operating time and hospital stay (p < 0.001, respectively) and lower recurrence rate than the transanal group (transanal vs. abdominal, 38% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.003), while the Wexner constipation and incontinence scores showed improved results in both groups.
Conclusion
Although operating time and hospitalization period were shorter in the transanal group, laparoscopic abdominal surgery is a procedure that can reduce the recurrent rate for complete rectal prolapse.
Assessment of in vitro antidiabetic properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa
Authors: A Reena Joy , S Gayathri Devi
Published: February 2023

The in vitro antidiabetic efficacy of ethanolic extract Boerhavia diffusa (B.diffusa) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated by inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, protein glycation assay, non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin, glucose uptake by yeast cells and glucose diffusion at varying concentrations (10 to 100µg/ml). The alpha-amylase assay shows that the acarbose (standard) and B. diffusa had IC50 values of 46.2 µg/ml and 55.4 µg/ml, whereas alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found to be 63.4 µg/ml and 93.0 µg/ml respectively. Further, non-enzymatic glycosylation analysis showed IC50 value of metformin (standard) as 28.6 µg/ml and B. diffusa as 63.9 µg/ml. The protein glycation activity was inhibited in non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. The glycosylation was induced using pioglitazone (standard) which gives IC50 value of 616.4 µg/ml by which B. diffusa showed 756.3 µg/ml. The uptake of glucose by yeast cells was analyzed and the result shows that the glucose concentration increased steadily from 5mM to 25mM (maximum absorption) of both metronidazole (standard) and B. diffusa. From 30 to 180 minutes, the glucose diffusion experiment revealed that the concentration of the metformin and B. diffusa extract was positively correlated with the time. The ethanolic extract of synthesized AgNPs and the reference medication employed in all experiments both benefit their curative potential for the treatment of insulin resistance. The generated silver nanoparticles can be used for industrial and therapeutic purposes and can be released into the environment without harm. More in vivo study can be reviewed, however the green synthesized ethanolic extract of B. diffusa exhibits promising affect for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Predictive value of estimated pulse wave velocity for cardiovascular and all- cause mortality in individuals with obesity
Authors: Li Daidi , Cao Feng , Cheng Wenke , Xu Yanyan , Yang Chuang
Published: February 2023

Background: Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has revealed excellent performance in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, whether ePWV predicts all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in populations with obesity remains elusive.
Methods: We performed a prospective cohort including 49,116 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2014. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by ePWV. Weighted univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the effects of ePWV on the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, the two-piecewise linear regression analysis was used to describe the trend of ePWV affecting mortality and identify the thresholds that significantly affect mortality.
Results: A total of 9,929 participants with obesity with ePWV data and 833 deaths were enrolled. Based on the multivariate Cox regression results, the high ePWV group had a 1.25-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 5.76-fold higher risk of CVD mortality than the low-ePWV group. All-cause and CVD mortality risk increased by 123% and 44%, respectively, for every 1 m/s increase in ePWV. Furthermore, the two-piecewise linear regression analysis exhibited that the minimal threshold at which ePWV affected participant mortality was 6.7 m/s for all-cause mortality and 7.2 m/s for CVD mortality.
Conclusions: ePWV was an independent risk factor for mortality in populations with obesity. High ePWV levels were associated with an increased all-cause and CVD mortality. Thus, ePWV can be considered a novel biomarker to assess mortality risk in patients with obesity.
A Probabilistic U-Net Workflow for Automatically Cell Counting in Digital Pathology
Authors: Yang Yiming , Giuffrida Valerio , Yang Shufan
Published: February 2023

A common yet still manual task in basic biology research, high through-put drug screening, and digital pathology is identifying the number, location, and type of individual cells in microscopy images. Semantic segmentation-based methods can be useful for identifying individual cells as well as their morphological features in one step. However, the accuracy of segmentation is still low. As such, we propose a UNet-based neural network model to effectively improve the cell counting accuracy and efficiency for histology image analysis. In this work, we proposed a probabilistic U-Net workflow to bring cell counting automation into real practice. Our approach has proven to be competitive in terms of accuracy compared to state-of-the-art approaches, such as U-Net, ResU-net on three cell counting datasets. Moreover, experimental results on the CoNIC dataset show that our approach also outperforms the state-of-the-art under data imbalance scenario.
High PGD expression as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in low-grade gliomas
Authors: Zhu Yike , Huang Dan , Lin Zhichuan , Liang Hui , Lu Chuansen
Published: February 2023

Background
PGD plays a pivotal role in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is a branch of glycolytic cascade. Overexpressed PGD has been reported in diverse human cancers. However, the correlations of PGD with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) remain unclear.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive analysis using the data downloaded from the TCGA-LGG cohort, and jointly analyzed with online databases including GEPIA, UALCAN, HPA, LinkedOmics, and TIMER2.0. Besides, the biological functions of PGD in LGG were investigated through in vitro experiments.
Results
The results revealed that in LGG tissues PGD was overexpressed and correlated with poor outcomes and survival. In addition, PGD expression showed significant association with a variety of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and was positively correlated with the expression of various immune cell markers including PD-1 in LGG. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PGD expression was significantly greater in Hs683 cells compared to normal cells; we further found that knockdown of PGD in Hs683 cells markedly suppressed growth, invasion, and migration.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that PGD is a promising independent prognostic and predictive immunotherapeutic biomarker. The potential mechanism and function of PGD in LGG deserve further research.
Time spent with saturation below 80% versus 90% in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Bikov Andras , Frent Stefan , Deleanu Oana , Meszaros Martina , Birza Mariela Romina , Popa Alina Mirela , Manzur Andrei Raul , Gligor Loredana , Mihaicuta Stefan
Published: February 2023

Background
Nocturnal hypoxaemia measured by the percentage of total sleep time spent with saturation below 90% (TST90%) may better predict cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) than the number of obstructive respiratory events measured with the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). Deeper hypoxaemia may potentially induce more severe pathophysiological consequences. However, the additional value of the percentage of total sleep time spent with saturation below 80% (TST80%) to TST90% is not fully explored.
Methods
Comprehensive medical history was taken, fasting lipid and C-reactive protein levels were measured in 797 volunteers participating in two cohort studies in Hungary and Romania. Sleep parameters, including AHI, TST90% and TST80% were recorded following a polysomnography (n = 598) or an inpatient cardiorespiratory polygraphy (n = 199). The performance of TST80% to predict cardiovascular risk was compared with TST90% using linear and logistic regression analyses as well receiver operating characteristics curves.
Results
Both parameters significantly related to cardiovascular risk factors; however, TST80% did not show better predictive value for cardiovascular risk than TST90%. On the other hand, patients with more severe hypoxaemia reported more excessive daytime sleepiness.
Conclusions
TST80% has limited additional clinical value compared to TST90% when evaluating cardiovascular risk in patients with OSA.
Wilderness Search and Rescue: Adopting a New Approach for Finding Missing People Using GIS Techniques in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almujalli Faisal Suliman , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Every year, hundreds of people go missing in the wilderness of Saudi Arabia. There is an immediate need to examine modern geographic techniques for finding these people. Geographical information systems (GIS), for example, play a crucial role in WiSAR, not only in mapping probability areas but also in applying further analysis and modeling methods to reduce time and effort and guide life-saving task forces in the right direction. In a hypothetical case study conducted in Saudi Arabia, this study compares two standard WiSAR models, ring and mobility. In these situations, both models can be used. However, the new approach in the mobility model drastically reduces the possible search areas, from 101,787 km2 in the ring model to 335.34 km of likely trails and unpaved roads, and gives exact directions to where a missing person may be.
GL-S-NFSR: A New NFSR Structure and Its Period Properties
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Tian Tian , Qi Wenfeng
Published: February 2023

Recently nonlinear feedback shift registers (NFSRs) have frequently been used as basic building blocks for stream ciphers. A major problem concerning NFSRs is to construct NFSRs with large periods. In this paper, a new NFSR structure whose period could be theoretically analyzed is proposed and studied, called GL-S-NFSR. A GL-S-NFSR is a selective cascade connection of a primitive Galois LFSR into a standard Galois NFSR with a linear simplified feedback function, where standard Galois NFSRs with linear simplified feedback functions are very useful in stream ciphers, e.g., Trivium. It is proved that the periods of the output sequences of a GL-S-NFSR are lower bounded by the product of all the Zsigmondy primes of 2 n − 1 with a probability close to 1 under a weak assumption, and particularly, if n is a prime, then 2 n − 1 divides the periods of the output sequences with a high probability , where n is the stage of the Galois LFSR. Besides, it is also proved that there are several registers satisfying that the periods are multiples of Zsigmondy primes without any assumption. Note that the main building block of Kreyvium consists of a standard Galois NFSR with a linear simplified feedback function and two pure cycling registers (PCRs). Periodic results on GL-S-NFSR are applied to Kreyvium by modifying one PCR to a primitive LFSR and the modified building block of Kreyvium is called M-Kreyvium. It is shown that the sequences involved in M-Kreyvium could have large periods with high probabilities.
CTA-FPN: Channel-Target Attention Feature Pyramid Network for Prohibited Object Detection in X-ray Images
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhuo Li , Ma Chunjie , Zhang Yutong , Li Jiafeng
Published: February 2023

Fast and accurate prohibited object detection in X-ray images is great challenging. Based on YOLOv6 object detection framework, in this paper, Channel-Target Attention Feature Pyramid Network (CTA-FPN) is proposed for prohibited object detection in X-ray images. It includes two key components: TAAM (Target Aware Attention Module) and CAM (Channel Attention Module). TAAM is to generate the target attention map to enhance the features of prohibited object regions and suppress those of the background regions, so as to solve the problems of object occlusion and cluttered background in X-ray images. CAM is to highlight the feature channels important to the detection tasks, and suppress the irrelevant ones. The target-wise and channel-wise feature enhancement can effectively strengthen the feature representation capability of the network. The proposed CTA-FPN is incorporated into S, M and L models of YOLOv6 respectively, obtaining three X-ray prohibited object detection models. The experimental results on two publicly available benchmark datasets of SIXray and CLCXray show that, CTA-FPN can effectively improve the detection performance of YOLOv6. Especially, YOLOv6-CTA-FPN-L can achieve the state-of-the-arts detection accuracy.
Independent and combined associations of multiple heavy metal exposure with lung function: A population-based study in US children
Authors: Chen Yiting , Zhao Anda , Li Rong , Kang Wenhui , Wu Jinhong , Yin Yong , Tong Shilu , Li Shenghui , Chen Jianyu
Published: February 2023

Background: Previous research has found relationships between some single metals and lung function parameters. However, the role of simultaneous multi-metal exposure is poorly understood. The crucial period throughout childhood, when people are most susceptible to environmental dangers, has also been largely ignored. The study aimed to evaluate the joint and individual associations of 12 selected urinary metals with pediatric lung function measures using multipollutant approaches.
Methods: A total of 1227 children aged 6–17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database of the 2007–2012 cycles were used. The metal exposure indicators were 12 urine metals adjusted for urine creatinine, including Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Cadmium (Cd), Caesium (Cs), Cobalt (Co), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Thallium (Tl), Tu (Tungsten), and Urtiam (Ur). The outcomes of interest were lung function indices including the 1st second of a forceful exhalation (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75%), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Multivariate linear regression, quantile g-computation (QG-C), and Bayesian kernel machine regression models (BKMR) were adopted.
Results: A significantly negative overall effects of metal mixtures on all four lung function parameters were observed. Pb had the largest negative contribution to the negative associations, and Pb's relationship with lung function metrics showed to be nonlinear, with an approximate "L" shape. Potential interactions between Pb and Cd in lung function decline were observed. Whereas Ba was positively associated with lung function metrics.
Conclusion: Metal mixtures were negatively associated with pediatric lung function. Pb might be crucial elements. Our findings highlight the need for prioritizing children’s environmental health to protect them from later respiratory disorders and to guide future research into the toxic mechanisms of metal-mediated lung function injury in the pediatric population.
Clinical efficacy of autologous simple Limbal epithelial transplantation for stem cell deficiency in ocular surface burn
Authors: shah Zaman , Hussain Ibrar , Mehmood Khalid , ullah inayat , Butt Nadeem , Mahar Pir Salim
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To describe long term clinical outcome of simple Limbal epithelial transplantation(SLET).
Design: Single center prospective interventional case series.
Participants: This study include 21 patients, 12 adults and 9 children, who developed unilateral Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) after ocular surface burn and underwent SLET between 2019 and 2021.
Method: A 3.5 mm to 4 mm Limbal biopsy sample was harvested from unaffected eye. The recipient eye was surgically prepared and the autologous donor tissue was divided into small pieces and transplanted in mid periphery of the recipient cornea 360 around, using amniotic membrane, sutured with 10/0 nylon.
Results: The study Includes of 21 patients, 12 adults and 9 children, with unilateral LSCD suffering from 0cular surface burn. Total LSCD (12 Clock hours) was seen in the affected eye in 11(91.66%) adults and 6 (66.66%) children and partial LSCD (less than 6 Clock hours) was seen 1(8.33%) adult and 3 (33.33%) children. Males were more common among adults, 7(58.33%) than children 5 (55.55%; p=.098) and adult female,5(41.66%) than female children, 4(44.44%).
Accidental pressure cooker blast,3(33.33%) and lime burn,2(22.22%) were the most common causes of LSCD in children, whereas in adults causes include industrial alkali,4(33.33%) and lime burn, 3(33.33%).
At the final follow up visit after SLET, 18 of 21 eyes in adults (91.66%) and children (77.77%) maintained a successfully regenerated stable corneal surface. Among patients with total LSCD, successful outcome was observed in 90% adults and 83% children and with partial LSCD success rate was 92% in adults and 83% in children respectively.
There was a significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after SLET compared with the base line in all age groups. In group 1, 14(66.66%) patients had pre-operative visual acuity of hand moment or perception of light with 0% visual acuity postoperatively. In group 2 ,07(33.33%) and 04(19.04%) patients had BCVA between 1/60 to 6/60, pre-operative and post-operative respectively. In group 3, none of the patient had pre-operative VA better than 6/60. Seventeen (80.95%) patients had recovered BCVA better than 6/60 with 95% Confidence interval and p value 0.000.
Conclusion:
Autologous SLET is an effective, reliable and replicable technique for long-lasting corneal regeneration and vision restoration in unilateral chronic ocular surface burns. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation is probably preferable to other techniques of limbal stem cell transplantation, particularly where cell cultivation facilities are unavailable.
Corrosion of glaze in the marine environment: study on the green-glazed pottery from the “Nanhai Ⅰ” shipwreck of the Song Dynasty
Authors: Zhou Benyuan , Ma Qinglin , Li Zhimin , Zhang Zhiguo , Li Naisheng
Published: February 2023

The “Nanhai Ⅰ” shipwreck is an important discovery in underwater archaeology in China, and many ceramics have been unearthed. These ceramics are important material artifacts of China’s “Maritime Silk Road” and have considerable significance for the study of foreign trade exchange in the Song Dynasty. However, these ceramics have been buried in a marine environment for approximately 800 years and have all been corroded to varying degrees, with green-glazed pottery being the most severely corroded. In this study, the chemical composition of five samples of green-glazed pottery and the corrosion morphology and mechanism of a representative sample were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: The green glaze is a low-temperature silica-aluminum oxide-lead oxide (SiO2-Al2O3-PbO) glaze with copper ions (Cu2+) as the main colorant. The corrosion morphology is characterized by a alternating silicon (Si)- and lead (Pb)-rich layers, a sharp reaction interface between the Si-rich layer and the pristine glaze, a relatively high porosity of the Si-rich gel layer, which formed by the accumulation of spherical hydrated silica colloidal particles. These features suggest that the glaze was corroded through a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism and that the properties of the gel pores controlled the reaction kinetics. Fluctuations in the solution properties at the reaction interface produced the complex morphology of the gel layer, whereas changes in the dryness and humidity of the environment are not the essential factor. The samples have been corroding in the marine environment for nearly a thousand years, and an exploration of the corrosion morphology and mechanism can provide a reference for the corrosion of various ancient ceramics and glasses and a basis for the scientific conservation of these objects.
Tissue tropism of Tilapia Lake Virus infection by experimental route in Tilapines (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: ArunKumar S.R.Saranya , Sudhakaran R.
Published: February 2023

Aquaculture production sectors are often vulnerable to various aquatic diseases which could be specific to species or climate. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), a virus that only affects Tilapia, has been responsible for recent years' widespread fish death. Understanding both horizontal and vertical routes of viral transmission is crucial in preventing this disease. Since there are studies on TiLV mostly focussed on In Vitro methodology for the experimental infection. However, we demonstrated the horizontal route of transmission by In Vivo method through intraperitoneal injection. The immune genes are highly responsible to evade the viral infection, in the case of TiLV infection, three different immune genes of Tilapia (MYD88, MCP, TNFα) were upregulated along with the viral load. To understand the aetiology of this disease, the viral load at different organs of the infected fish were estimated by Real Time PCR at regular intervals of time till the moribund stage. The immune genes endured a sharp decline in the middle of pathogenesis with the sudden increase of Viral load which made the fishes to attain the moribund stage.
MiRNA-338-3p inhibit neuroinflammation in the corpus callosum of ICV-LPS rats via STAT1 signal pathway
Authors: Liu Nan , Zhou Qiuping , Wang Huifang , Li Qian , Chen Zhuo , Lin Yiyan , Yi Lingling , Jiang Shuqi , Chen Chunbo , Deng Yiyu.
Published: February 2023

Neuroinflammation is common characteristics of many neurological disorders, which is associated with the activation of astrocytes and microglia. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism that miR-338-3p negatively modulate neuroinflammation in the corpus callosum (CC) of rats after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. We here reported that the decreased levels of miR-338-3p were detected using qRT-PCR and the upregulated expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was measured by ELISA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with intracranial infection (ICI). A negative association between miR-338-3p and TNF-α or IL-1β was revealed by Pearson correlation analysis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with LPS (50ng) into intracerebroventricular (ICV), following which increased expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and reduction of miR-338-3p expression were observed in the CC. Overexpression of miR-338-3p through injection of AAV-miR-338-3p plasmid into ICV might saliently inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the astrocytes and microglia in the CC of ICV-LPS rats. In vitro cultured astrocytes and BV2 cells transfected with mimic-miR-338-3p produced fewer TNF-α and IL-1β after LPS administration. Direct interaction between miR-338-3p and STAT1 mRNA was validated by biological information analysis and dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, STAT1 pathway was found to be implicated in inhibition of neuroinflammation induced by mimic miR-338-3p in the astrocytes and BV2 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-338-3p suppress the generation of inflammatory mediators in astrocyte and BV2 cells induced by LPS exposure through STAT1 signal pathway. MiR-338-3p would act as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate the occurrence of neuroinflammation.
Sevoflurane sedation in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: an observational study with a propensity score matching model
Authors: Consales Guglielmo , Cappellini Iacopo , Freschi Benedetta , Campiglia Laura , Parise Maddalena , Zamidei Lucia
Published: February 2023

Background: Patients that are affected by severe induced respiratory failure (C-ARDS) formCOVID-19, frequently need deep sedation in order to perform adequate ventilator support. Volatile anesthetics (VAs) constitute a convenient alternative to intravenous molecules, allowing to fine-tune the desired level of sedation. Moreover, VAs might have anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatatory effects, which are particularly appropriate for COVID-19 patients.
Methods: In this study, we show the results of a retrospective single-center non-profit observational cohort study. To achieve this, we enrolled patients hospitalized for C-ARDS in the COVID Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Santo Stefano (Prato, Italy) during the period March 2020 - June 2021. A total of 112 patients were enrolled in the study that were all submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. Participants were divided in two groups: i) Group 1 received the VA sevoflurane and, ii) Group 2 were sedated with propofol and remifentanil. A propensity score matching model (PSM) was applied in order match each treated unit with a non-treated unit of similar characteristics between the two groups. The calculation of PSM was performed considering anthropometric data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney damage as covariates.
Level of sedation (BIS monitoring), respiratory and ventilator parameters, i.e., PaO2/FiO2, pulmonary static compliance and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and biochemical parameters were evaluated at three time-points: at the time of the invasive ventilation (T1), after 72 hours (T2) and after 7 days (T3).
Results: 56 patients who received inhaled sedation with sevoflurane were matched with 56 participants receiving an intravenous sedation by means of PSM. An adequate level of sedation was obtained in both groups. In the sevoflurane group, an increase of PaO2/FiO2 and of the static compliance was observed while mortality was slightly decreased.
Conclusions: In this work, we demonstrate that deep sedation of invasively ventilated C-ARDS patients can be effectively obtained with sevoflurane. Interestingly, VA sedation with sevoflurane contributed to enhance respiratory mechanics, which has a clear clinical relevance in C-ARDS patients. In terms of pulmonary compliance, results obtained after three days of starting sedation therapy with sevoflurane demonstrated that static compliance was higher in those who received inhaled sedation. At the same timing, PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the same timing was greater in group 1 than in group 2.
Further studies deem to confirm the potential of this treatment in a randomized clinical trial.
Towards Understanding the Time Variations of Proton to Helium Ratios in the Heliosphere: Implication for the Time Dependence of the Elements of the Diffusion Tensor
Authors: Ngobeni M. D. , Potgieter M. S. , Aslam O. P.M.
Published: February 2023

A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for the modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere is applied to investigate the relative roles of the time dependence of the elements of the diffusion tensor on the proton to total helium (p/He) and helium-3 to helium-4 (3He2/4He2) ratios at rigidities below 3 GV. At these rigidities the ratios have been observed by both PAMELA and AMS detectors to have a significant time variation in response to changing solar activity. We found that the contribution of the time dependence of the perpendicular diffusion in the radial direction of the heliosphere is the dominant cause of this observed time variation, especially in the A < 0 cycle, and not any fundamental difference between the solar modulation of galactic protons and helium isotopes. It follows that neglecting this time dependence, both in value and rigidity dependence, from numerical models would produce time trends in the mentioned ratios that are incompatible with observed trends at the Earth. Furthermore, we found significant differences in the computed time trends of p/He and 3He2/4He2 ratios at rigidities below 1.5 GV. This is mainly a consequence of an interplay between perpendicular diffusion in the radial direction and adiabatic energy losses which begin to influence modulated spectra at a higher rigidity for 3He2 than for 4He2, and for total helium than for protons.
Dietary probiotics supplementation is a unique strategy for enhancing physio- biochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of broiler meat
Authors: Biswas Avishek , N Junaid , Deo Chandra , Tiwari Ashok K
Published: February 2023

This study sought to assess the physio-biochemical traits, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, and microbial load of broiler meat following dietary supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB). A total of 240 day-old chicks were randomly selected and distributed in a 2 x 2 + 2 factorial design using 5 replications with 8 birds each. There were six different corn-based dietary treatments developed: T1 (control diet), T2 (T1 + Bacitracin methylene di-salicylate @ 0.002%), T3 (T1 + LA @106 cfu/g feed), T4 (T1 + LA @107 cfu/g feed), T5 (T1 + BB @106 cfu/g feed), and T6 (T1 + BB @107 cfu/g feed). Fifteen birds from each group (n = 6 x 15 = 90) were randomly selected at the conclusion of the 42-day study, and their breasts and thighs were sampled for physio-biochemical characteristics, antioxidants, and estimation of microbial load. Water holding capacity (WHC), extract release volume (ERV), peroxide values, and anti-oxidant indices like ABTS+ and DPPH significantly decreased (P≤0.05) in the LA supplemented group, but cholesterol, fat percent and TBARS values, as well as free fatty acids, increased (P≤0.05). Standard plate count (SPC), staphylococcus, and coliform counts were all noticeably lower (P≤0.05) in the LA supplemented group. These results suggest that broiler meat's physio-biochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition could be enhanced by adding probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) to the basic diet.
Characterization and ecological risk assessment of toxic metal contaminants around the coal gangue hill in Huainan, Central China
Authors: you mu , hu yunhu , wang zhihui , zhang wentie
Published: February 2023

To better understand the toxic metal pollution caused by coal mining activities, the concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, As and Pb in the soil around the coal gangue hill in a coal mine area of Huainan, China were measured, the soil pollution was assessed with the single factor index method, Nemerow pollution index method and potential ecological hazard index method. The average concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and As were 20.75, 17.68, 29.86, 10.33, 46.91, 0.14 and 21.59 mg/kg, respectively. The descending order of the average concentration is Cr > Zn > As > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd. The concentrations of toxic metal contaminants in the soil showed distinct spatial distribution differences in different wind directions. The pollution degree is followed the order of downwind direction > upwind direction > control point. The ecological risk of toxic metal contaminants in the soil around the mining area in the upwind and downwind directions belonged to slight, Cd and As posing a higher ecological risk than the other elements. Results revealed that the wind direction is important for the distribution of toxic metal contaminants around the coal gangue hill. This study can be used as a scientific reference for the prevention and control of pollution caused by toxic metal contaminants in mining area soil.
Identification of metabolic and protein markers representative of the impact of mild nitrogen deficit on agronomic performance of maize hybrids
Authors: Urrutia Maria , Blein-Nicolas Mélisande , Fernandez Ollivier , Bernillon Stéphane , Maucourt Mickaël , Deborde Catherine , Balliau Thierry , Rabier Dominique , Bénard Camille , Prigent Sylvain , Quillere Isabelle , Jacob Daniel , Gibon Yves , Zivy Michel , Giauffret Catherine , Hirel Bertrand , Moing Annick
Published: February 2023

Background
A better understanding of the physiological response of silage maize to a mild reduction in nitrogen(N) fertilization and the identification of predictive biochemical markers of N utilization efficiency could contribute to limit the detrimental effect of the overuse of N inputs.
Results
To identify predictive biochemical markers of nitrogen (N) utilization and metabolism of silage maize in relation to growth and productivity, a metabolomic and a proteomic approach were combined. These analyses were performed on young leaves of a core panel of 29 European genetically diverse dent hybrids cultivated in the field under non-limiting and reduced N fertilization conditions in order to identify such predictive markers at an early stage of plant development. Metabolome and proteome data were analyzed either individually or in an integrated manner together with eco-physiological, developmental and yield-related traits. These analyses allowed to depict the physiology underlying plant response to the mild N deficit often occurring when maize is grown under agronomic conditions. Moreover, the genetic diversity of the 29 hybrids was exploited to identify common N-responsive metabolites and protein that could be used as predictive markers to monitor N fertilization and to identify silage maize hybrids representing possible ideotypes that exhibit improved agronomic performance when N fertilization is reduced.
Conclusion
Among the N-responsive metabolites and proteins identified, a cytosolic NADP-dependent malic enzyme and four metabolite signatures stand out as promising markers that could be used for both breeding and agronomic purposes.
Universe: the dynamics resulting from its maximum states of contraction and expansion
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates Georges
Published: February 2023

The evolution of the Universe is observable or characterizable by quantum mechanics and field equations from the Planck scales or when the expansive motion already exists; thus, the definition of universal states (before the beginning and after the end of the expansion) with zero kinetic energy can be a challenge to be solved only by parallel analysis. Considering that a complete description of the Universe can provide important insights, the logic of conceptual connections is used as an alternative to the formal use of the Friedmann equations; in this sense, an exclusive presence of linear Space (1D) in momentary states of maximum contraction and expansion is analyzed, with our Universe (3D Space) considered as created and existing between these extremes. The concept of absolute rest mass energy became specifically applicable, revealing that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a permanent time dimension, allowing for the relative maintenance of any existence.
Cenas de racismo na escola: discursos dos/as jovens do Sertão do Pajeú
Authors: SILVA Maria Marcia da , SILVA José Willian de Souza , SILVA Roseane Amorim da
Published: February 2023

Este estudo buscou realizar reflexões sobre episódios de racismo que acontecem nos contextos escolares, sejam estes realizados por discentes e/ou docentes. Foi realizado em uma escola pública de Serra Talhada - PE, desenvolvido em duas etapas: A primeira, voltada a investigação do perfil dos/as jovens participantes e as práticas de racismo sofridas e/ou presenciadas no contexto escolar. Na 2ª etapa, realizamos 4 rodas de conversa, de modo online. As rodas foram analisadas uma a uma através da análise temática,considerando os marcadores sociais que se interseccionam com raça, gênero e classe. As práticas racistas são reproduzidas por discentes e docentes e se fazem presente na linguagem, na forma de se referir aos estudantes, e através do que alguns compreendiam como “brincadeira”, “piadas”. Uma questão que se destacou e apareceu em todas as rodas de conversa foi o preconceito em relação ao cabelo, e, sobretudo as jovens, sendo alvo de xingamentos e apelidos.
THE EXISTENCE OF CUSTOMARY LAND LAW IN THE CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITY (MHA) KADIE LIYA IN WAKATOBI DISTRICT
Authors: Nur Jabal , Hakim Guswan , Gazali Husen Muhammad , a Ruliah , Misnar Abdul Jalil Siti
Published: February 2023

The existence of customary land in the KadieLiya customary law community is still recognized legally formal existence as stipulated in Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, 1945 Constitution Article 28I paragraph 3, Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles (UUPA), Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Law No. 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations, Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and this is also strengthened by the issuance of Wakatobi Regent Regulation 40 of 2017 concerning Protection and Management of Coastal and Marine Resources Based on KadieLiya Customary Law Community. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government, and Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and this is also strengthened by the issuance of the Wakatobi Regent Regulation 40 of 2017 concerning Protection and Management of Coastal and Marine Resources Based on the KadieLiya Customary Law Community, South Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency, but empirically fading and weakening the existence of indigenous peoples institutions in managing KadieLiya customary land. The KadieLiya Customary Law Community feels limited in scope, especially in the management of their Customary Land, in addition to the difficulty of issuing a Certificate of Ownership of the land because the government claims that the land of the KadieLiya Customary Law Community is state-owned land.
HUMANIST LAW: LAW ENFORCEMENT STRATEGY AGAINST CHILD PERSONS OF CRIME IN INDONESIA
Authors:   Faculty of Law. Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia., Fathonah Rini , Siswanto Heni ,   Faculty of Law. Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia., Irzal Fardiansyah Ahmad ,   Faculty of Law. Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.
Published: February 2023

This article examines and analyzes law enforcement in criminal acts committed by children. Law enforcement has always been preoccupied with general and conventional crimes committed by adults. In fact, along with the development of society and technology, several criminal cases have been committed by children. Considering that children need protection to grow and develop optimally, children who commit crimes must be given special treatment in terms of procedural law, criminal threats, and fulfillment of childrens rights, which are different from adults. This research is normative and empirical juridical research with a socio-legal approach. Primary data collection was carried out by interviewing sources determined through the snowball technique, while secondary data collection was carried out by library research. The collected data is then processed through the stages of checking, tagging, compiling, and systematizing. The data that has been processed is then analyzed interactively, which consists of description activities and data reflection.Challenges to law enforcement against perpetrators of criminal acts in Indonesia include the high tendency to detain and imprison children, violations of childrens right to a fair trial, and the demands of prosecutors and judges decisions are still dominated by prison sentences.The strategy for law enforcement against child perpetrators of mass crimes is based on a humanist legal approach through issuing sentencing guidelines and adopting the concept of children hearing system, optimizing the role of the police in implementing diversion, and optimizing community participation in child protection.
PATTERNS OF ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER : THE EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE INSTITUTION IN MOROCCO
Authors: Ahmut H. , Bouhia H. , Benmessaoud H. , Elmajjaoui S. , Elkacemi H. , Kebdani T. , Hassouni K.
Published: February 2023

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women in developed countries, and in Morocco it represents the third most common gynecological cancer. It primarily affects postmenopausal women. Our study is a retrospective descriptive study conducted from 01/01/2014 to 01/01/2018 at the radiation therapy department of the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Data were collected from medical records and included epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years. The median delay to consultation was 6 months. The histological diagnosis was made by endometrial biopsy in 52.3% of cases. Pathological examination revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases. 32 patients received adjuvant treatment consisting of external radiotherapy at a dose of 46 Gy in 23 fractions, followed by vaginal brachytherapy (37%), of which 6 of these patients also received sequential chemotherapy (7.1%). 21 patients were treated with brachytherapy alone (25%), 11 patients with external radiotherapy alone (13%), and 21 patients with concurrent radiochemotherapy (25%). The treatment interval between diagnosis and surgery was 42 days. In our series, the overall 5-year survival rate was 93.6% for all stages combined.