bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of net digestive and absorptive efficiency in dogs and cats fed a variety of contrasting diet types
Authors: KENDALL PETER T. , HOLME DAVID W. , SMITH PHILIP M.
Published: April 2008

Comparative net digestive and absorptive efficiency was assessed with adult Beagles and domestic cats by apparent digestibility assays. Eight foods were used comprising two canned dog foods; canned cat foods; two samples of semipurified diet; and single samples of experimental dry cat food and fresh mince. Apparent digestibility percentages of crude protein, fat, nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) and gross energy were all significantly higher in dogs than cats. Mean values obtained for dogs were (per cent): crude protein 87; fat 92; NFE 70 and energy 89. Respective values for cats were 82, 76, 67 and 79. On average, dogs obtained 11 and 9 per cent more digestible energy and protein per unit food eaten than cats. Most digestibility characteristics of foods measured in cats were significantly correlated with those for dogs and regression equations are presented predicting digestibility in cats from dog data.
Water balance in the dog and cat
Authors: ANDERSON R. S.
Published: April 2008

In respect of its metabolic control of water balance, the cat probably differs as much from the dog as it does in most other respects. In qualitative terms the routes of gain and loss of water are very much the same: in quantitative terms and in its homeostatic response to different environmental stimuli or insults the cat and the dog are rather different.

Dogs and cats are among the commonest species with which veterinarians have to deal. They share much the same environment and are treated in much the same way by their owners. They are almost interchangeable as pets. So far as the veterinary profession is concerned, there are a few outstanding differences such as their response to certain drugs, their reproductive behaviour and their range of aggressive and defensive weapons—but they are in other ways treated in a somewhat similar fashion.

It is, however, only within recent years that some other outstanding differences have really become identified between the two species. These differences are in aspects of protein, fat and vitamin metabolism which have direct or indirect relevance to feeding cats and dogs. But they are also manifest in water metabolism, which is the subject of this paper.

The first part of this paper will deal with some differences in the water metabolism of dogs and cats which are in the scientific literature but are not widely known outside the research field. The second part will describe some of the work which we have been doing on food/water interrelationships of the dog and cat.
Fatal myocardial infarct in a Greyhound
Authors: SWANWICK R. A. , WILLIAMS O. J.
Published: April 2008

Death is reported in a 3‐year‐old Greyhound due to an acute myocardial infarction, consequent upon thrombo‐embolic occlusion of the left descending coronary artery, subsequent to dislodgement of a vegetative lesion of the left lateral aortic valve, secondary to sub‐acute bacterial endocarditis. A comparison between some aspects of cardio‐vascular disease in man and dogs is made, and the term ‘heart attack’ as used in the human condition is investigated and its legitimate application to veterinary conditions discussed. The main difference between human and animal coronary disease is the widespread occurrence of atherosclerosis in humans and its absence in animals.
Caudal cervical spondylo‐myelopathy (wobbler syndrome) in the dog: a review of thirty cases
Authors: READ R. A. , ROBINS G. M. , CARLISLE CAROL H.
Published: April 2008

Caudal cervical spondylo‐myelopathy was diagnosed in 30 cases admitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Clinic (UQVC) over a four‐year period. The clinical signs at presentation and the radiographic changes detected varied considerably. A number of different surgical treatments were used and a small number of animals were treated conservatively. The results are presented, followed by some discussion concerning the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition.
Megakaryocyte myelosis in cats: review and case report
Authors: SCHMIDT ROBERT E. , LETSCHER ROBERT M. , II JOHN D. TOFT
Published: April 2008

Disseminated megakaryocytic neoplasia was diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old cat. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and abnormal platelets in the peripheral blood characterized the condition. Neoplastic megakaryocytes were present in numerous organs. No evidence of feline leukemia virus was found.
The effect of the frequency of ejaculation on seminal characteristics and libido in the Beagle dog
Authors: TAHA M. B. , NOAKES D. E. , ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

Semen samples were collected from mature Beagle dogs, using digital manipulation, at differing frequencies. Ejaculation once a day for five days did not affect libido or seminal characteristics. Ejaculation twice a day for five days reduced libido and sperm output. Ejaculation three times a day dramatically reduced libido and semen quality, and it was only possible to collect six or seven ejaculates. In a separate study semen quality was not altered after 6 weeks sexual rest.
Vegetative bacterial endocarditis in dogs; echocardiography diagnosis and clinical signs
Authors: LOMBARD C. W. , BUERGELT C. D.
Published: April 2008

Over a two‐year period, three hundred and forty‐five consecutive canine patients of a Cardiology Specialty Clinic were screened for signs of bacterial endocarditis. Ten dogs were identified to have echocardio‐graphical signs suggestive of this disease. Their clinical and haematologic data are presented in tables, and the clinical diagnoses were confirmed by necropsies. The echocardiographic signs of bacterial endocarditis and the usefulness of this new technique are discussed.
Giant cell tumour of the ulna in a cat
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , DUFF RODERICK S. I.
Published: April 2008

A giant cell tumour affecting the ulna of a 12‐year‐old cat, was treated by surgical resection. The cat made a good recovery and is doing well, one year after surgery.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy in the dog
Authors: ENGLISH P. B. , PRESCOTT C. W.
Published: April 2008

The concept is expounded that, in canine practice, antimicrobial therapy normally should be based on the pharmacology of the drug employed and the therapeutic responses that have been observed to it, as well as a knowledge of the in vitro sensitivities of causal agents. In so doing, information is presented on the concentrations of antimicrobials found to be inhibitory to micro‐organisms by in vitro tests and following clinical use. Guide‐lines to therapy are related to body systems and organs infected and to Gram‐stain reactions of isolates; also presented are dose rates, routes of administration and some general considerations employed when using the antimicrobial drugs for systemic therapy in the dog.
An inherited enchondrodystrophy in the English Pointer dog. A new disease
Authors: WHITBREAD T. J. , GILL J. J. B. , LEWIS D. G.
Published: April 2008

This report describes the clinical, radiological, pathological and genetic features of an inherited dwarfism in the English Pointer. Gross enlargement of the distal ulnar, radial and tibial growth plates occurred in the first 6 weeks of life and radiographic skeletal abnormalities were present at other sites. The enlargement was due to increase in width of the zone of hypertrophic cartilage, but the columns of chondrocytes were well ordered. By 12 weeks of age an unusual type of degeneration was present beneath the surface of articular cartilage; this developed to widespread, patchy erosion of joint surfaces by 32 weeks. The genetics are compatible with a homozygous recessive mode of inheritance.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy in the dog
Authors: ENGLISH P. B.
Published: April 2008

From a premise that some adverse reactions to antimicrobial drugs pass unnoticed in the dog, the paper correlates available information on the subject. In so doing, it presents information on the adverse reactions that have been observed in dogs given specific antimicrobial drugs at therapeutic and at higher dose rates. Except for hypersensitivity reactions, these adverse effects are described according to the system or organ predominantly involved. In addition, adverse reactions to antimicrobial drugs observed in other animal species are included to further heighten the awareness of the practising veterinarian to the possibility of their occurrence in the dog. It is concluded that the likelihood of adverse reactions should seldom preclude the use of antimicrobial therapy when it is needed, but that it should preclude the reflex prescription of antimicrobials in practice at the merest hint of the presence of infection.
Disorders of urination associated with canine intersexuality
Authors: HOLT P. E. , LONG S. E. , GIBBS C.
Published: April 2008

This paper reports disorders of urination in two intersex dogs and reviews 16 previously published similar cases.
Lipid keratopathy in a cat
Authors: CARRINGTON S. D.
Published: April 2008

Lipid keratopathy in a cat is recorded. Material removed at superficial keratectomy was examined by light, polarizing and electron microscopy. The lesion consists of two zones: (1) a highly cellular zone containing mainly modified keratocytes situated immediately beneath the anterior epithelium, and (2) a band of lipid debris and macrophages within the anterior third of the corneal stroma. Detailed ultrastructural pathological observations are reported on both zones. The pathogenesis and treatment of the condition are discussed.
Spindle B cell melanoma in the choroid of a dog
Authors: O'TOOLE D. , MURPHY J.
Published: April 2008

An 8‐year‐old Schnauzer bitch developed a placoid pigmented mass in the dorso‐nasal quadrant of the fundus. A malignant melanoma was diagnosed on the basis of its ophthalmoscopic appearance and on its A and B scan ultrasonography features. Histopathology revealed that the mass was a heavily pigmented spindle B cell melanoma of the choroid. Bruch's membrane was ruptured and the retina was locally detached. The tumour had features similar to choroid melanomas in man which arise from nevi. A review of the literature and of 16 previously unpublished cases of primary canine uveal melanomas confirmed the prevailing impression that choroidal melanomas are rare in the dog.
Leishmaniasis in imported dogs in the United Kingdom; a potential human health hazard
Authors: LONGSTAFFE J. A. , JEFFERIES A. R. , KELLY D. F. , BEDFORD P. G. C. , HERRTAGE M. E. , DARKE P. G. G.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of leishmaniasis in three dogs imported into the U.K. Principal signs were wasting, lymphomegaly, keratoconjunctivitis, and extensive skin lesions that included exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia. Autopsy showed widespread chronic inflammatory lesions throughout lymphoid and other tissues associated with parasitized macrophages. The paper discusses the potential human health hazard posed by a zoonosis characterized by non‐specific signs and prolonged periods of quiescence. Euthanasia is recommended for cases positively diagnosed as leishmaniasis.
Surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot in a dog
Authors: HERRTAGE M. E. , HALL L. W. , ENGLISH T. A. H.
Published: April 2008

Tetralogy of Fallot is the commonest cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease in the dog. Previous attempts at surgical treatment have been confined to palliative systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts. We describe the clinical presentation, cardiac catheterization and angiographic diagnosis of Fallot's tetralogy in a young Boxer dog. Total intracardiac correction was successfully embarked upon with the use of cardiopulmonary by‐pass. Postoperatively there was a marked improvement in his exercise tolerance. Intermittent syncopal attacks developed several months after discharge from hospital and the dog died suddenly two years after operation.
Chronic small intestinal disease in the dog
Authors: BATT ROGER M.
Published: April 2008

New approaches to the investigation of chronic small intestinal disease have facilitated the identification and characterization of three enteropathies in the dog. The main features of these diseases are presented and diagnostic problems are discussed.
The influence of the oestrous cycle on the intravenous glucose tolerance test in the bitch
Authors: MATTHEEUWS D. , ROTTIERS R. , FINJAN K. , VERMEULEN A.
Published: April 2008

The possibility that endogenous oestrogen and progesterone affect carbohydrate tolerance in the female dog was investigated by relating the results of repeated intravenous glucose tolerance tests to the phases of the oestrous cycle, namely anoestrus, pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. Neither the glucose tolerances nor the insulin responses were significantly different between these phases of the oestrous cycle in 12 Dalmatian bitches.
The correlation between the cytology of the vaginal smear and the time of ovulation in the bitch
Authors: LINDE CATHARINA , KARLSSON INGER
Published: April 2008

The correlation between the vaginal smear and the calculated time of ovulation was studied in 22 bitches, during a total of 24 heat periods. Blood plasma was analysed for levels of oestradiol and progesterone from 6 days before to 6 days after the day of maximum keratinization of the vaginal smear. In all 24 heat periods (100 per cent) maximum keratinization of the vaginal epithelial cells was observed at least 3 days after peak oestradiol levels and in 17 of the heat periods (70.8 per cent) maximum keratinization was seen when the peripheral plasma level of progesterone had increased to >5.44 ± 0.93 ng/ml, which has been calculated as the ovulatory level.
Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy (CPRA): a study of the disease in the Briard
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C.
Published: April 2008

A five year survey involving an estimated 70 per cent of the Briard population in the United Kingdom has shown that approximately 31 per cent of dogs currently 18 months or older are affected with a primary retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy which causes secondary neuroretinal degeneration and blindness. The survey has defined the clinical nature of the disease in this particular breed, but has shown that it is inherited recessively and indicated that other factors may influence the age of onset, the course of progression and the severity of involvement.
Canine nasal aspergillosis: serology and treatment with ketoconazole
Authors: SHARP N. , BURRELL M. H. , SULLIVAN M. , CERVANTES‐OLIVARES R. A.
Published: April 2008

Seven cases of nasal aspergillosis in dogs were diagnosed using radiography, endoscopy, culture and serology. Treatment with oral ketoconazole (an imidazole derivative) at 40 mg/kg b. wt, alone or in combination with surgery resulted in three cures, while in four dogs this therapy was not successful. In all cases inappetance and hypoal‐buminaemia were noted and rises in levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were recorded in six of the seven cases. Serological monitoring was conducted during the period of therapy and in cases that recovered a fall in titre was noted.
The radiological features of osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton in dogs: a review of 74 cases
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , DENNY H. R. , KELLY D. F.
Published: April 2008

The clinical features, sites of origin and radiological changes associated with 75 osteosarcomas of the appendicular skeleton in 74 dogs are reviewed. Clinical data and the areas affected were broadly similar to those in previously reported series of cases, but the precise sites of origin were found to vary considerably from the generally accepted predeliction site, which is the metaphysis. A wide spectrum of radiological changes was recorded. Only 61.3 per cent of tumours could be classified as characteristic. A further 21.3 per cent showed features suggestive of, but not specific for, osteosarcoma and were therefore classified as equivocal. In the remaining 17.3 per cent the radiological signs, although indicative of neoplasia and usually of malignancy, were quite uncharacteristic. Among 63 cases in which both radiographic and post‐mortem examination of the lungs was performed the incidence of pulmonary metastases was 13 per cent, with total correlation between their radiological and pathological detection. Of ten dogs which were treated surgically, one with a radiographically atypical lesion has survived for more than four years.
Association of calicivirus infection with chronic gingivitis and pharyngitis in cats
Authors: THOMPSON R. R. , WILCOX G. E. , CLARK W. T. , JANSEN K. L.
Published: April 2008

Feline calicivirus was isolated from eight often cats with chronic stomatitis but not from 10 healthy cats kept under similar conditions. Tests for feline leukaemia viral antigen failed to detect evidence of this infection. The age of affected cats ranged from 1.5 to 11 years with a mean of 5.7 years. Treatment with corticosteroids, megestrol acetate and tooth extraction resulted in clinical improvement but in some cases the condition recurred when treatment was finished.
ON THE EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF THE FUMES OF ÆTHER ON DOGS AND CATS, AND, BY INFERENCE, ON THE HORSE; WITH THE PROBABLE UTILITY OF SUCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
Authors: Carter H. E. , Mayhew Edward
Published: April 2008

When the great American discovery was first announced, every veterinarian must have speculated upon the applicability of the process to the lower animals. Doubtless many experiments have been made by various parties, and I have tried the setherial fumes on both dogs and cats. I placed the sulphuric aether in a Florence flask, to the neck of which a large bladder was secured. The head of the animal was then introduced into the bladder, and a spirit lamp applied to the flask. This answered very well; but Mr. Lucas has attained every result with a more simple and less fragile apparatus.
The diagnosis and treatment of a case of nasal aspergillosis in a cat
Authors: GOODALL S. A. , LANE J. G. , WARNOCK D. W.
Published: April 2008

A case of nasal aspergillosis in a cat is described. Diagnosis by serology proved useful and radiological findings similar to those of nasal aspergillosis in the dog were found.

The treatment was by rhinotomy and extirpation of affected tissues which produced an acceptable remission of symptoms over the six‐month follow up period.

This is the first recorded case where serology has been used as a diagnostic aid for aspergillosis in the cat.
Progressive renal disease in Soft‐coated Wheaten Terriers: possible familial nephropathy
Authors: NASH A. S. , KELLY D. F. , GASKELL C. J.
Published: April 2008

Clinical and pathological features are described in seven young Soft‐coated Wheaten Terriers with chronic renal disease. The oldest dog was 21/2 years; in the other six, ages at death ranged from one to 15 months. Two of the puppies were littermates: one died at 4 weeks, the other at 12 months. Two of the dogs were examined at intervals up to 14 months, during which time there was progressive deterioration in renal function. All seven dogs had abnormal kidneys with cortical narrowing. The histological features were not consistent and included: tubular dilatation and basement membrane thickening; an unusually large proportion of immature glomeruli; persistence of interstitial connective tissue resembling foetal mesenchyme. Inflammatory change was minimal except in two dogs with super‐imposed pyelonephritis.

The clinical and laboratory data suggest that these dogs had dysplasia of the kidneys that progressed to chronic renal disease during early life. In three dogs there was a familial relationship.
The control of undesirable behaviour in male dogs using megestrol acetate
Authors: JOBY R. , JEMMETT J. E. , MILLER A. S. H.
Published: April 2008

Megestrol acetate is widely used for oestrus control in the bitch and cat. Field reports suggested that the compound may also be used successfully in male animals for the control of undesirable behaviour. Previous surveys have indicated that the following signs or combinations of signs presented a real problem to the owners of male dogs: aggression (dominant or fear‐induced), mounting, territory marking by urination, roaming, excitability and destructiveness. In the present study the efficacy of megestrol acetate was assessed using a defined dosage regime in 163 dogs exhibiting one or more of the above signs. Seventy‐five per cent of dogs improved during treatment, and 64 per cent of dogs assessed three months after the end of treatment had maintained their improvement. The incidence of side effects was found to be low.
The influence of size on the biology of the dog
Authors: KIRKWOOD JAMES K.
Published: April 2008

Many morphological and physiological characters adhere to quite rigid patterns of variation with bodyweight across the 35‐fold weight range of dog breeds. The ways in which these characters correlate with weight are thought to be due largely to constraints acting during development, and the rates at which they alter with weight among breeds of dogs often differ from those seen between mammals as a whole. Because of this difference in scaling, the dimensions of several morphological and physiological features (e.g. organ sizes, gestation period and pup size) tend to deviate in toy and giant breeds from the mammalian averages. Equations describing a variety of parameters in relation to weight are presented. These are of practical value in predicting properties from bodyweight, but may also help to explain some pathological conditions seen in toy and giant breeds.
Some observations on the population and natal patterns among purebred dogs in Malaysia
Authors: WONG W. T. , LEE MICHAEL K. C.
Published: April 2008

The results of a study of 28, 220 birth registration and 773 import records between 1980 and 1982 of the Malaysian Kennel Association are reported. The German Shepherd Dog was by far the most common breed followed by the Dobermann, Dachshund and Boxer. Most breeds made up only a small percentage of birth registrations.

No distinct seasonal distribution of whelping was evident among the purebred litters studied. Mean litter size was 4–7 puppies per litter with larger breeds tending to produce larger litters. A sex ratio of 51 males per 100 births was computed. There was a steady decline in the number of imported dogs.
The diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase in canine medicine: a review
Authors: MILNE ELSPETH M.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the structure, functions, distribution and normal values of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and its isoenzymes in canine tissues and serum. The diagnostic value of the enzyme is discussed in liver and bone disease, neoplasia, and endocrine disorders including hyperadrenocor‐ticalism, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. The effects of therapy with glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants and tolbutamide on serum AP are described.

At present, AP is of the greatest diagnostic value in liver, bone and endocrine disease in the dog but its use in neoplastic conditions and in intestinal and renal disease has yet to be fully investigated.
A review of one hundred cases of presumed canine epilepsy
Authors: RAW MARY‐ELIZABETH , GASKELL C. J.
Published: April 2008

One hundred cases in which a presumptive diagnosis of canine idiopathic epilepsy had been made were reviewed. Follow‐up reports were obtained in 78 cases. The clinical features and response to therapy are discussed. Seventeen dogs died from status epilepticus.
Canine parvovirus infection in Nigeria
Authors: KAMALU BERYL P.
Published: April 2008

Pups of Nigerian mongrel dogs randomly bought from two village markets for experimental purposes at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, were observed to be ill within 4 days of purchase. By 13 days after purchase 52.5 per cent of all the animals had died. All sick animals were anorectous and suffered from diarrhoea. The faeces were mostly dark yellow to light brown and a few contained spots of blood. Few animals responded to treatment with fluids, antibiotics and vitamins and death occurred within 24 hours of the onset of clinical signs. In most cases, post mortem and histopathological lesions were similar to those characteristic of canine parvovirus. The sera of the surviving animals tested for haemagglutination‐inhibition antibodies to canine parvovirus, using porcine red blood cells, were positive.
Lentiginosis profusa in the pug: three case reports
Authors: BRIGGS O. M.
Published: April 2008

Three pugs exhibited lentiginosis profusa. On mating two unrelated, affected individuals, one of a litter of three developed similar lesions at 1 year of age but the other two remained unaffected. This is consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance as is found in man. Other defects usually present in human patients with lentigines could not be found.
Canine paraganglioma: a case report
Authors: PATNAIK AMIYA K. , BIRCHARD STEPHEN J.
Published: April 2008

An 8‐year‐old castrated Cocker Spaniel with tympanic paraganglioma was presented. The tumour was resected twice with an interval of 120 days. The dog presented with tetraparesis 130 days after the second operation and had radiologic evidence of metastasis to the C5 vertebra. On pathologic examination, metastasis of the tumour was found in the myocardium, lungs, kidney, and C5 vertebra. The tumour, which is being described for the first time in the dog, was highly vascular, and was characterized by various‐sized groups of medium‐sized cells separated by vascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were round or polyhedral with moderately hyperchromatic nuclei, scattered chromatin, indistinct nucleoli, and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The metastatic lesions were histologically similar to the primary tumour.
The surgical management of bone‐involved oral tumours in the dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , GORMAN N. T. , WATKINS S. B. , BREARLEY M. J.
Published: April 2008

A total of 28 dogs bearing bone‐involved tumours of the oral cavity underwent radical excision procedures including premaxillectomy, mandibular symphysectomy and removal of the horizontal body or vertical ramus of the mandible. Subsequent return to normal feeding was rapid and long‐term prehensile and masticatory function was considered to be good with prosthetic reconstruction necessary in only one case.

Amongst the 23 malignant tumours in this series the actuarial survival rate at twelve months was markedly improved in the case of the squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma over that for conventional treatment techniques. No significant improvement was seen in the cases of fibrosarcoma. All five dogs undergoing surgery for benign tumours are surviving tumour free.

Radical surgical excision is a practical approach to the management of otherwise complex mandibular and premaxillary tumours providing good tumour‐free function and improvement in prognosis for certain histological types.
Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of Boxer dogs. 1. Further studies of the clinical and electrophysiological features
Authors: GRIFFITHS I. R.
Published: April 2008

The clinical and electrophysiological findings in 14 Boxer dogs with progressive axonopathy (PA) are described. The salient clinical features are hind‐limb ataxia which may later involve forelegs, proprioceptive defects, hypotonia, patellar areflexia, absence of muscle atrophy and, in a few instances, ocular tremor and head bobbing. The outward signs are often observed by 2–3 months of age but clinical testing can reveal patellar areflexia at 1 month of age. After an initial progression, the signs may stabilize and dogs are alive at 4 years of age having shown no deterioration over the previous 2 years.

The electrophysiology shows reduced motor nerve conduction velocities and evoked potential amplitudes after about 4 months of age. The F‐wave latency is considerably increased. Sensory nerves also show a marked reduction in the amplitude of their evoked potentials and eventually cease to conduct. Abnormal spontaneous activity is not a feature on electromyography. The conduction defects probably reflect to some degree the reduced nerve fibre diameters and myelin sheath changes found in PA although other factors may also be operating. The study shows that PA can be diagnosed with reasonable confidence by routine clinical testing at an early age.
Surgical management of acquired megacolon in the cat
Authors: WEBB SARAH M.
Published: April 2008

The surgical management of acquired megacolon is described in three cats. The aetiology could not be definitely established in two cats but in the third case megacolon occurred as a result of pelvic narrowing secondary to multiple pelvic fractures. Medical therapy was ineffective and long term resolution was achieved by partial colectomy.
A simple method of gonioscopy for the dog and cat
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C.
Published: April 2008

A simple but often adequate technique of gonioscopy utilizing a condensing lens is described. This technique is not used in preference to the more established methods but, in the absence of a goniolens and gonioscope, it does provide the practitioner with a diagnostic facility that is an essential part of glaucoma management.
Tyzzer's disease in kittens with familial primary hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: JONES B. R. , JOHNSTONE A. C. , HANCOCK W. S.
Published: April 2008

The clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathological findings of three kittens with Tyzzer's disease are described. The three affected kittens were also hyperlipoproteinaemic, being offspring of a hyperlipoproteinaemic sire and a normolipoproteinaemic dam. Two kittens showed clinical signs of acute hepatic disease with severe icterus. Necropsy revealed multiple focal lesions in the liver, myocardium and intestines. Histological examination confirmed the presence of organisms resembling Bacillus piliformis in viable hepatocytes adjacent to necrotic liver tissue. Apart from the hyperlipoproteinaemia no predisposing ‘stress’ factors were identified.
The incidence of humeral condylar fractures in the dog: a survey of seventy‐nine cases
Authors: COCKETT P. A. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON
Published: April 2008

A review of 79 cases of canine humeral condylar fractures was made to establish the distribution of breed, age and cause of injury and to correlate these with the fracture type.
The repair of humeral condylar fractures in the dog: a review of seventy‐nine cases
Authors: COCKETT P. A. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON
Published: April 2008

The method of fixation of lateral condylar, medial condylar and intercondylar fractures of the humerus in 79 dogs is described. Follow‐up examinations were carried out to evaluate the success of fracture repair.
Thoracic oesophageal foreign bodies in the dog: a review of ninety cases
Authors: HOULTON J. E. F. , HERRTAGE M. E. , TAYLOR P. M. , WATKINS S. B.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the management of ninety dogs referred with thoracic oesophageal foreign bodies. The diagnosis, treatment and complications are discussed and an overall recovery rate of 83/90 (92.2 per cent) recorded. A conservative approach using oesophagoscopy and forceps delivery was employed in all but seven cases. The advantages of passing the largest possible rigid endoscope under conditions provided by muscle relaxation are emphasized.
Canine diabetes mellitus: a retrospective survey
Authors: DOXEY D. L. , MILNE ELSPETH M. , MACKENZIE C. P.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the results of a retrospective survey of 43 cases of canine diabetes mellitus. The epidemiological data were in general agreement with previous surveys. Blood glucose, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum alanine aminotransferase, blood urea and serum cholesterol levels measured before starting treatment were found to be of limited value in forming a pre‐treatment prognosis, although markedly raised values were a poor prognostic sign.
Hydrocoele associated with unilateral inguinal hernia in a young Basset Hound
Authors: PENZHORN B. L. , PETRICK S. W. T.
Published: April 2008

A 14‐month‐old Basset Hound developed hydrocoele of the left half of the scrotum associated with unilateral indirect inguinal hernia. The hernia was repaired without orchidectomy being performed.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)–the present state of knowledge
Authors: LUTZ HANS , HAUSER BEAT , HORZINCK MARIAN C.
Published: April 2008

This paper gives a summary of our present knowledge of the aetiology, clinics, diagnosis, pathology and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis. Special emphasis is given to the participation of the immune system in the development of the condition. A therapy protocol is proposed and an extensive list of original literature for further study is presented.
Wedge osteotomy of the os penis to correct penile deviation
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , BAUGHAN JENNIFER , MURPHY FINBARR
Published: April 2008

Wedge osteotomy of the os penis is described as a method of treating deviation of the canine penis.
The measurement of canine steroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase by L‐phenylalanine inhibition
Authors: ECKERSALL P. D. , NASH A. S. , MARSHALL G. M. , DOUGLAS T. A.
Published: April 2008

Canine steroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase (SIAP) has been measured quantitatively in an assay which depends on the finding that L‐phenylalanine has a greater inhibitory effect on SIAP than on other plasma isoenzymes. The assay has advantages in precision, practicability and availability over other assays for SIAP. The steroid‐induced isoenzyme was shown to contribute over 40 per cent of the total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in over 60 per cent of cases in which the level of AP was raised.
Primary lens luxation in the Border Collie
Authors: FOSTER S. J. , CURTIS R. , BARNETT K. C.
Published: April 2008

Seven cases of lens luxation in related adult Border Collies are described. The clinical features, essential bilaterality and age of onset were similar to those of primary lens luxation encountered in the terrier breeds.
A comparison of calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra‐acetate (CaEDTA) by oral and subcutaneous routes as a treatment of lead poisoning in dogs
Authors: HAMIR A. N. , SULLIVAN N. D. , HANDSON P. D. , BARR S.
Published: April 2008

Four dogs accidentally poisoned by lead on a farm were used in a study to compare the efficacy of oral and injectable CaEDTA as chelating agent. Blood lead concentrations indicated that though both routes of administration were effective in reducing the lead levels, the injectable route appeared to reduce the lead level to within the normal range in a shorter period. The oral route, however, has the advantage that hospitalization is not required and it avoids the discomfort of numerous injections of the chelating agent.
Hyperparathyroidism in the cat of probable primary origin
Authors: BLUNDEN A. S. , WHEELER S. J. , DAVIES J. V.
Published: April 2008

A 12‐year‐old cat was presented with clinical signs of lethargy, reluctance to move and pain along the back. Radiological examination revealed multifocal, polyostotic lesions with particular involvement of axial skeleton. Pathological findings included bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia and fibrous osteodystrophy which indicated that the bone lesions were caused by hyperparathyroidism, that was probably primary in origin.
Myelofibrosis‐osteosclerosis syndrome associated with erythroid hypoplasia in a dog
Authors: DUNN J. K. , DOIGE C. E. , SEARCY G. P. , TAMKE P.
Published: April 2008

A case of myelofibrosis‐osteosclerosis syndrome associated with hypoplasia of bone marrow erythroid precursors (pure red cell aplasia) is described in an eight‐year‐old spayed bitch. Diagnosis required histo‐pathological examination of an excised rib since bone marrow aspirates were repeatedly unsuccessful.

The disease was characterized by a normocytic, normochromic, non‐regenerative anaemia and numerous, large circulating platelets. White blood cell and platelet counts were normal throughout the course of the dog's illness. Treatment, consisting of whole blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs and anabolic steroids, resulted in prolonged clinical remission on two occasions. The authors suggest that myelofibrosis may have occurred as a sequel to immune‐mediated destruction of erythroid precursors.
Reptiles encountered in practice: a survey of two hundred and forty cases
Authors: PHILLIPS I. R.
Published: April 2008

The clinical findings and treatment of 240 cases involving chelonians, lizards and snakes are described. The diseases most commonly encountered were necrotic stomatitis, rhinopneumonitis, subcutaneous abscesses, infectious dermal ulceration, parasitism, metabolic bone disease and vitamin A deficiency. Poor management and environmental inadequacies were contributary factors to many of the conditions observed.
The radiological features of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses in the dog
Authors: SULLIVAN M. , LEE R. , JAKOVLJEVIC S. , SHARP N. J. H.
Published: April 2008

The films of 45 cases of canine nasal aspergillosis were reviewed. The intra‐oral dorso‐ventral view of the nasal cavity and rostro‐caudal view of the frontal sinuses were found to be most informative. The main radiological features of aspergillosis were turbinate loss with punctate lucencies of the supporting bones, increased radiolucency rostrally and a mixed density pattern caudally on the intra‐oral view. On the rostro‐caudal view, frontal sinus opacity, thickening and mottling of the frontal bone were found.
Lesions resembling osteochondromatosis in two cats
Authors: HUBLER MADELEINE , JOHNSON K. A. , BURLING R. T. , FRANCIS D. F. , RATCLIFFE R. C. C.
Published: April 2008

The clinical and radiographic features of two cats with osseous lesions in the elbow and stifle joints which were suggestive of feline osteochondromatosis and synovial osteochondromatosis are reported. Reference is made to previous reports in the veterinary literature and the conditions are compared with similar diseases in man and dogs.
Anti‐endotoxin immunotherapy for canine parvovirus endotoxaemia
Authors: WESSELS B. C. , GAFFIN S. L.
Published: April 2008

The morbidity and mortality associated with canine parvovirus disease (CPV) is caused, in part, by endotoxin (LPS). Equine anti‐endotoxin hyperimmune plasma (Anti‐LPS) was administered to 89 CPV patients in addition to conventional therapy. In Anti‐LPS treated CPV patients mortality was lower (16‐8 per cent, 15/89) than in controls that received conventional therapy alone (66‐7 per cent, 24/36, P < 0–0005). The hospitalization period of survivors was reduced from 8‐5 ± 4‐0 days (controls) to 5‐2 ± 2‐0 days (Anti‐LPS treated group). These results suggest that an anti‐endotoxin specific therapy should be incorporated into the treatment regimen of CPV, and possibly, other canine enteric disorders, known to produce endotoxaemia.
Pseudopregnancy in the bitch: the current view on aetiology and treatment
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

The meaning of the word pseudopregnancy, as applied to the bitch, is discussed. Review of the literature shows that there is no evidence to support the theory that pseudopregnancy is caused by excess or persistent progesterone production. The condition is closely related to prolactin release from the pituitary gland, and can be treated using a prolactin inhibiting drug, bromocriptine
A case of mannosidosis in the cat: clinical and histopathological findings
Authors: BLAKEMORE W. F.
Published: April 2008

A case of feline mannosidosis is described. The animal was very small for its age (nine months) and showed skeletal defects and severe neurological signs which were first recognized at seven months of age. There was extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation of cells in visceral organs and in the nervous system. The vacuoles were usually empty. This case of mannosidosis in the cat most closely resembles the severe human variant of this disease rather than the bovine disease.
The diagnosis and management of paraprostatic and prostatic retention cysts in the dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , HERRTAGE M. E. , DENNIS RUTH
Published: April 2008

Eleven dogs were diagnosed as having solitary or multiple prostatic cysts in an abdominal, pelvic or perineal position. Common presenting signs included urinary dysfunction, faecal tenesmus and abdominal distension. Cystography was found to be the most consistently accurate technique for differentiating the cysts from the bladder and other abdominal soft tissue masses whilst urethrography often highlighted their prostatic origin.

Complete surgical resection of the cysts was attempted in nine dogs, the complexity of dissection being dictated by cyst size and the extent of adhesions to adjacent organs. Nine dogs were castrated. Urinary incontinence continued post‐operatively in four dogs but later resolved in three of these. Seven dogs were alive and symptom‐free over post‐operative periods ranging from one to three years.

Despite some of its technical difficulties, surgical excision appears to be a successful approach to even the larger prostatic cysts. Few of the post‐operative complications associated with other surgical procedures described for the management of cysts were encountered.
The radiological features of sixty cases of intra‐nasal neoplasia in the dog
Authors: SULLIVAN M. , LEE R. , SKAE C.A.
Published: April 2008

The radiographs of 60 cases of canine nasal neoplasia were reviewed. The dorso‐ventral intra‐oral view provided most information and the lateral view supplied supplementary detail. The most common changes were turbinate destruction rostrally and caudally, with a homogenous increase in radiopacity. Bilateral involvement was present in 38 cases. Absence (26) and thinning (7) of the vomer bone were found, as was deviation of the cartilaginous septum (11). Destruction of the maxilla or palatine bones produced radiolucencies which were superimposed on the increased radio‐opacity in 17 cases.
Magnetic resonance imaging in two dogs with central nervous system disease
Authors: PANCIERA DAVID L. , DUNCAN IAN D. , MESSING ALBEE , RUSH JOHN E. , TURSKI PATRICK A.
Published: April 2008

Accurate localization of the lesions in two dogs with progressive neurological disease was demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first dog had unilateral cerebellar signs with associated paradoxical vestibular symptoms. The CSF tap and clinical localization suggested a right‐sided cerebellar tumour and this was confirmed with MRI scanning. The second dog had predominantly asymmetrical fore‐brain signs with circling, personality changes, seizures and contralateral proprioceptive deficits. CSF analysis suggested an inflammatory or neoplastic condition. MRI showed a diffuse oedematous lesion of the left cerebral hemisphere which corresponded exactly with the lesions seen at necropsy. The advantages of MRI over CT scans are discussed.
Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre‐corneal tear film. 1. The normal tear film of the dog
Authors: CARRINGTON S. D. , BEDFORD P. G. C. , GUILLON J.‐P. , WOODWARD E. G.
Published: April 2008

Polarized light biomicroscopy was used to examine the normal pre‐corneal tear film in 25 dogs. Blink rates were also determined. The normal range of surface morphology of the canine tear film was established. Three categories of surface patterning of the lipid layer of the tear film were identified. These were: (a) a wave‐like pattern, (b) a pattern of irregular islets, and (c) a pattern resembling the polished surface of granite. All three patterns may occur in the same eye. The inter‐blink thickness of the lipid layer of the pre‐corneal tear film varied between 0·013 μm (the minimum thickness discernable by this method) and over 0·581 μm (the maximum thickness at which coloured interference fringes are clearly defined) in localized areas. The mean total blink rate was 14·2/min. Overall, incomplete blinks constituted approximately 66 per cent of the total blink rate, but the ratio of complete to incomplete blinks varied considerably between animals. By dividing the dogs into thick and thin lipid layer groupings, it was possible to demonstrate a statistically greater rate of complete blinks (P < 0·05, Mann‐Whitney U test) in animals with a thinner lipid layer. The applicability of polarized light biomicroscopy to veterinary clinical ophthalmology is discussed.
Evaluation of radiographic liver size in twenty‐seven normal deep‐chested dogs
Authors: BREE H. VAN , SACKX A.
Published: April 2008

abstract

Radiographic liver size was established in 27 clinically normal deep‐chested dogs. In addition, the influence on radiographic liver size of technical factors such as positioning, respiratory phase and position of the central X‐ray beam was evaluated. Exact measurement was complicated by two facts. First, the outline of the ventral and caudoventral borders of the liver shadow was not clearly delineated in all dogs. Secondly, in some dogs merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was present. As a result in only 14 out of 27 dogs used for this study could exact measurements be made.

In this group of deep‐chested dogs, the liver shadow was better delineated in left lateral recumbency. In left lateral recumbency less merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was noticed. Normal radiographic liver length measured on right lateral views made on expiration and expressed as a ratio to the length of the 11 th thoracic vertebra varied between 4·8 and 7·8 with a mean and standard deviation of 6·1 ± 0·8. The length of the liver tip protruding behind the curve of the 12th rib varied between ‐0·5 and 1·7 with a mean and standard deviation of 0·6 ± 0.7. This great variability in radiographic liver size between normal dogs of the same thoracic conformnation makes it rather difficult to diagnose hepatomegaly in individual cases.

No difference in radiographic liver size of statistical significance could be found between right and left lateral recumbency. The respiratory phase during which the radiograph was made was the only factor causing a difference of statistical significance in radiographic liver size. In all dogs the length of the liver tip protruding behind the costal arch was longer on the view made during inspiration.
Immune‐based non‐erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 1. Canine systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: BENNETT DAVID
Published: April 2008

The features of 13 dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described. Canine SLE is a multisystemic disease characterized by autoimmunity and immune complex hypersensitivity. The presence of antinuclear antibody in the blood is an important diagnostic feature. All 13 cases had a non‐erosive symmetrical polyarthritis. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was seen in five cases, thrombocytopenia in three, skin lesions in four; neurological involvement in one; and gastrointestinal signs in one. Treatment was with cytotoxic drugs(cyclophosphamide initially) and prednisolone.
Immune‐based non‐erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 2. Polyarthritis/polymyositis syndrome
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , KELLY D. F.
Published: April 2008

A connective tissue disorder characterized by non‐erosive polyarthritis and polymyositis has been identified in six young adult dogs. The diagnosis was based on the clinical features of stiffness, joint swelling, joint pain, muscle atrophy, muscle pain and contracture and the presence of chronic active inflammation in biopsies of muscle and synovium. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was excluded by the absence of circulating antinuclear antibody. Five of the six dogs were of the spaniel breeds. Treatment was with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. Only two dogs made an apparent recovery.