bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid sarcoma) of the urinary bladder in a Maltese
Authors: Takiguchi M. , Watanabe T. , Okada H. , Kudo T. , Yamada K. , Yasuda J. , Hashimoto A.
Published: February 2006

A urinary bladder tumour was diagnosed in a two‐year‐old female Maltese with haematuria and pollakiuria on the basis of ultrasonography and pneumocystography findings. The mass was resected, and the bladder was preserved at surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the tumour to be a rhabdomyosarcoma, which has rarely been reported in small breeds of dog. There was no recurrence of the tumour at the original site in the urinary bladder two months later, when the dog died due to metastasis to the liver. This is believed to be the first report of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in a Maltese.
Reduction and stabilisation of a supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion under arthroscopic guidance in a dog
Authors: Deneuche A. J. , Viguier E.
Published: February 2006

A supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion fracture was diagnosed in a fivemonth‐old dog, which was presented with a non‐weightbearing lameness of the right forelimb after being involved in a road traffic accident. Arthroscopy allowed associated cartilaginous, capsular and ligamentotendinous injuries to be ruled out. The fracture was reduced and stabilised under arthroscopic guidance using a Kirschner wire and a cortical bone screw. Video assistance significantly minimised the extent of the necessary craniomedial approach. The lameness was very mild 15 days after surgery and had disappeared after four weeks. Radiographs taken nine weeks postoperatively revealed complete bone healing and implants were removed. No lameness was reported during a follow‐up period of 20 months. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing shoulder osteosynthesis under arthroscopic guidance in the dog. The mildly invasive character of arthroscopy and video‐assisted surgical procedures may allow a faster recovery and may limit complications following the treatment of articular fractures.
Spontaneous hepatic rupture in six cats with systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Beatty J. A. , Barrs V. R. , Martin P. A. , Nicoll R. G. , France M. P. , Foster S. F. , Lamb W. A. , Malik R.
Published: February 2006

Spontaneous hepatic rupture, secondary to the accumulation of hepatic amyloid, was diagnosed in six cats over a two‐year period. Previous reports of feline hepatic amyloidosis have documented clusters of cases from breeding catteries. Most affected cats have been Siamese or a related breed and the disease is generally regarded as familial. In contrast, the cases presented here were sporadic, with relatives and other cats in the household not clinically affected. They included a Devon rex, a breed not previously reported with this condition, and a domestic shorthair. Clinical signs in three of these cases had, prior to referral, been misinterpreted as resulting from blunt trauma, immune‐mediated haemolysis or a coagulopathy. Antemortem diagnostic features, including new data on the value of hepatic ultrasonography and fine‐needle aspirate cytology, are reported. These cases illustrate how the course of this disease can vary between individuals and that, despite the dramatic underlying pathology, hepatic amyloidosis can present a diagnostic challenge and should be suspected in any young adult cat with consistent clinical signs, irrespective
Oestrogen‐induced bone marrow aplasia in a dog with a Sertoli cell tumour
Authors: Sanpera N. , Masot N. , Janer M. , Romeo C. , de Pedro R.
Published: February 2006

A 10‐year‐old male Drahthaar dog with unilateral cryptorchidism was examined because of feminisation and myelotoxicity. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed an abdominal mass which was surgically removed. The mass was identified as a Sertoli cell tumour on histological examination. Findings on bone marrow examination were compatible with aplasia due to the oestrogens secreted by the tumoral cells. Treatment with fluids, antibiotics, whole blood transfusions, corticosteroids and lithium carbonate was unsuccessful. Survival time was 22 days after surgery.
Review of left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus and short term outcome in 98 dogs
Authors: Van Israël N. , French A. T. , Dukes‐McEwan J. , Corcoran B. M.
Published: February 2006

The case records of 98 dogs with a left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were reviewed. There were 35 breeds represented, with a female to male ratio of 3:1. Forty per cent of the dogs were older than one year at initial presentation and 31 per cent had clinical signs attributable to PDA. A left heart base continuous murmur of grade IV/VI or higher was noted in 90 per cent of the dogs. On electrocardiography, the most common abnormalities were tall R waves (63 per cent) and deep QII waves (62 per cent). The radiographic triad of dilation of the descending aorta with enlargement of the main pulmonary artery segment and left atrium, typical of PDA, was noted in only 26 per cent of cases. Two‐dimensional (2D) and M‐mode echocardiography detected left atrial enlargement (35 per cent) and an increased left ventricular diameter in diastole (82 per cent) and systole (84 per cent) as the most common abnormalities. Doppler echocardiography demonstrated increased aortic outflow velocities in 66 per cent of cases. The overall short‐term successful outcome in this study was 95 per cent. There was no significant difference between surgical ductal ligation using a standard technique or the Jackson‐Henderson technique in terms of survival, occurrence of haemorrhage or residual shunting. The number of interventional procedures used in this study was too low for statistical comparison, but there appeared to be a trend towards a higher rate of residual shunting and a lower fatality rate using a coil occlusion technique.
Hypereosinophilic paraneoplastic syndrome in a cat with intestinal T cell lymphosarcoma
Authors: Barrs V. R. , Beatty J. A. , McCandlish I. A. , Kipar A.
Published: February 2006

A 10‐year‐old, neutered female, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a recent history of weight loss, polydipsia, diarrhea and vomiting. On physical examination, intestinal thickening and mesenteric lymph node enlargement were apparent. Clinical investigations revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia, eosinophilic abdominal effusion and eosinophilic mesenteric lymphadenitis. There was a temporary response to treatment with glucocorticoids but signs progressed and the cat was euthanased. On histology, there was eosinophilic infiltration and fibroplasia of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. Large aggregates of neoplastic round cells in the intestine and lymph nodes were identified as T lymphocytes using immunohistochemistry. A diagnosis of intestinal T cell lymphosarcoma was made. This case demonstrates that hypereosinophilic paraneoplastic syndrome may occur in cats with lymphosarcoma. Eosinophil chemotaxis may be a response to the production of interleukin‐5 by neoplastic lymphocytes.
Effects of vincristine treatment on semen quality in a dog with a transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: Gobello C. , Corrada Y.
Published: February 2006

The effect of vincristine treatment on semen parameters in a male boxer with a genital transmissible venereal tumour are described. The dog was treated with vincristine intravenously at 0·5 to 0·7 mg/m2 body surface area per week for six weeks until complete regression of the tumour occurred. Semen samples were collected before each application and then at weeks 10, 12, 17, 21 and 23 after the start of therapy. There were no alterations in libido or in testicular size and consistency either during or after treatment. Total sperm count decreased to abnormally low values during weeks 4 and 5, and then began to increase up to pretreatment values. No significant alterations in the other semen parameters were found during the study period.
Heritability and complex segregation analysis of hypoadrenocorticism in the standard poodle
Authors: Famula T. R. , Belanger J. M. , Oberbauer A. M.
Published: February 2006

The heritability of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) was evaluated in 778 standard poodles with known Addisonian phenotypes. Addisonian status was confirmed clinically by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge and 8·6 per cent of the poodles enrolled in the study were classified as being Addisonian. Hypoadrenocorticism affected both sexes with equal probability (P>0·1). The most common coat colours had a negligible effect on the incidence of hypoadrenocorticism (P>0·09), although red coat colour had a significant impact on the disease, probably due to the relatively small numbers of dogs with that coat colour. The heritability of hypoadrenocorticism in the standard poodle was estimated to be 0·75. Complex segregation analyses suggested that hypoadrenocorticism in the breed is influenced by an autosomal recessive locus. Clarification of both the heritability and mode of inheritance of hypoadrenocorticism in the standard poodle allows for better‐informed breeding decisions.
Total ear canal ablation in the cat: indications, morbidity and long‐term survival
Authors: Bacon N. J. , Gilbert R. L. , Bostock D. E. , White R. A. S.
Published: February 2006

Fifty‐two total ear canal ablation (TECA) procedures in 44 cats were reviewed. The indication for surgery was neoplasia in 41 per cent of the cats, 86 per cent of which had ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. Chronic inflammatory or polypoid disease accounted for 50 per cent of surgical procedures. Postoperative complications included Horner's syndrome (42 per cent) and facial paralysis (56 per cent) and these were permanent in 14 per cent and 28 per cent of cases, respectively, with the rest resolving in the ensuing weeks or months. The higher incidence of Horner's syndrome and facial paralysis in the cat, compared to the dog, was attributed to greater fragility of the feline tympanic plexus and facial nerve. The median survival time of cats with ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma was 50·3 months, and did not differ significantly from that for inflammatory or polypoid disease. A potential prognostic indicator for this tumour was the mitotic index (MI): cases with MI ≤2 survived significantly longer than those with MI ≥3.
Risk factor analysis and relative supersaturation as tools for identifying calcium oxalate stone‐forming dogs
Authors: Stevenson A. E. , Robertson W. G. , Markwell P.
Published: February 2006

Twenty‐four hour urine samples were collected from 17 calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone‐forming (SF) dogs and 17 normal (N), age‐, breed‐ and sex‐matched dogs. Urinary CaOx relative supersaturation (RSS) was calculated and found to be significantly higher in the SF group than the N group. RSS measurement is not readily applicable to veterinary practice; thus, alternatives were explored. Discriminant analysis failed to identify key factors differentiating most SF from N dogs. Urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid, which differed between the SF and N animals, were combined into a measure of relative probability of CaOx stone formation (PSF) to establish whether this approach could be used to assess the risk of CaOx stone formation in dogs. Although there was good correlation between the techniques, RSS more clearly discriminated between SF and N dogs. These data suggest that neither PSF nor discriminant analysis is preferable to RSS for assessing the risk of CaOx stone formation in dogs.
Suspected pituitary apoplexy in a German shorthaired pointer
Authors: Long S. N. , Michieletto A. , Anderson T. J. , Williams A. , Knottenbelt C. M.
Published: February 2006

Pituitary apoplexy is a syndrome which has been described in humans caused by acute haemorrhage or infarction within a pituitary tumour or a non‐tumorous pituitary gland. This report describes the authors’observations of a dog in which vomiting, visual disturbances, seizures, altered consciousness and diencephalic dysfunction occurred in association with haemorrhage originating from a pituitary macroadenoma. The clinical signs were thought to be consistent with disruption of the hypothalamus and brainstem, together with raised intracranial pressure due to intraventricular haemorrhage. These signs, and the pathological findings, bear a striking resemblance to those associated with the syndrome of pituitary apoplexy, seen in humans.
Left ventricular myxosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Foale R. D. , White R. A. S. , Harley R. , Herrtage M. E.
Published: February 2006

An entire male Neopolitan mastiff, aged two years and eight months, presented with a history of chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. The diarrhoea had been present for approximately 12 months and had progressively worsened, with weight loss developing over an eight‐week period prior to presentation. No primary gastrointestinal or metabolic cause for the diarrhoea could be identified. Echocardiography revealed a large, multilocular, cyst‐like structure within the pericardium compressing the heart and displacing it to the right. The mass was surgically excised from the left ventricular myocardium. Histopathological examination showed it to be a low‐grade malignant myxosarcoma. The dog made a full recovery and was still clinically normal nine months postoperatively, with no evidence of tumour recurrence or metastases. However, 11 months postsurgery, the clinical signs of diarrhoea and weight loss returned. Tumour recurrence with local metastasis was diagnosed and the dog was euthanased 358 days after the original surgery.
Treatment of bicipital tenosynovitis with double tenodesis
Authors: Adamiak Z. , Szalecki P.
Published: February 2006

This report describes two dogs with bilateral bicipital tenosynovitis which were managed using double tenodesis. Surgical repair involved the attachment of the tendon to the humerus with a bone screw and plastic spiked washer, and a double Bunnell‐Meyer suture. Six months postoperatively, neither of the treated dogs displayed any lameness on clinical examination.
Resolution of chylothorax after resection of rib chondroma in a dog
Authors: Watine S. , Hamaide A. , Peeters D. , Saunders J. , Heimann M. , Day M. J. , Clercx C.
Published: February 2006

A six‐year‐old, male dobermann was presented with a history of dyspnoea and bouts of coughing. Radiography and computed tomography of the thorax showed pleural effusion and a well‐circumscribed, calcified mass of 10 cm in diameter, appearing to originate from the left first rib. Thoracocentesis revealed that the pleural fluid was chylous in nature. An incisional biopsy was performed, which gave a histological diagnosis of chondroma. Resolution of the chylothorax after en‐bloc surgical removal of the tumour suggested that the rib tumour was the initiating cause of the chylothorax. Seventeen months later, rib neoplasia recurred without pleural effusion, and was removed successfully. To the authors’knowledge, rib chondroma, which is an unusual tumour in dogs, has not been previously documented as a cause of chylothorax.
Assessment of acid‐base status of cats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure
Authors: Elliott J. , Syme H. M. , Reubens E. , Markwell P. J.
Published: February 2006

Metabolic acidosis is reported to be a common complication of feline chronic renal failure (CRF) but acid‐base status of feline patients with this disease is rarely assessed by general practitioners. A cross‐sectional study involving 59 cases of naturally occurring feline CRF was conducted to determine the prevalence of acid‐base disturbances. Cases were categorised on the basis of their plasma creatinine concentrations as mild, moderate or severe. A group of 27 clinically healthy, age‐matched cats was assessed for comparison. A low venous blood pH (<7·270) was found in 10 of the 19 severe cases (52·6 per cent), three of the 20 moderate cases (15 per cent) and none of the 20 mild cases. Acidaemia was associated with an increased anion gap contributed to by both low plasma bicarbonate and low chloride ion concentrations. Biochemical analysis of urine samples showed urine pH to decrease with increasing severity of renal failure. Urinary loss of bicarbonate was not associated with the occurrence of acidaemia and there was a tendency for urinary ammonium ion excretion to decrease as the severity of renal failure increased. Cats with naturally occurring CRF do not show plasma biochemical evidence of acid‐base disturbances until the disease is advanced.
Healing of dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog
Authors: Michal U. , Flückiger M. , Schmokelt H.
Published: February 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess radiographically the healing process in dogs which had undergone dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis with autologous cancellous bone grafting. The medical records of 17 dogs that had undergone dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis with complication‐free dynamic compression plate fixation were reviewed. Postoperative healing was evaluated radiographically. It started five weeks after surgery and progressed for six to 12 weeks in all dogs. After this time period no further progression of healing was observed. Between weeks 6 and 8, bony fusion progressed significantly more rapidly in the intercarpal joint than in the radiocarpal joint. The following criteria had no influence on healing time: gender, age, bodyweight, and immediate versus delayed surgery after trauma. The major difficulties noted with respect to the interpretation of postoperative radiographs were irregular bony bridging, mainly caused by inadequate palmar curettage, and oblique projection of articular surfaces resulting in superimposition of joint spaces and solid bone.
Septic fibrinous pericarditis in a cocker spaniel
Authors: Johnson J. M. Stafford , Martin M. W. S. , Stidworthy M. F.
Published: February 2006

A four‐year‐old cocker spaniel presented with cardiac tamponade due to a pericardial effusion, in addition to pyrexia and peripheral neutrophilia and a recent history of chest trauma. Cytological examination of the pericardial effusion revealed a predominant neutrophilia. The echocardiographic findings were of numerous hyperechoic densities in the pericardial space, due to fibrin, with concurrent thickening and distortion of the pericardium. Postmortem examination, including microbiology, revealed the presence of organising septic fibrinous pericarditis associated with a mixed infection of Streptococcus canis, Citrobacter species, Pseudomonas species and α‐haemolytic streptococci.
Trilostane treatment of a dog with functional adrenocortical neoplasia
Authors: Eastwood J. M. , Elwood C. M. , Hurley K. J.
Published: February 2006

A 13‐year‐old, crossbreed dog presented with a history of recent onset polydipsia, progressive lethargy, weakness and reduced appetite. Blood tests showed raised concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase with marginally low serum potassium. There was a leucocytosis with a mature neutrophilia and no eosinophils. Endocrine tests showed a normal aldosterone concentration and an exaggerated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, consistent with a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). A diagnosis of adrenal‐dependent HAC was made, based on the presence of a calcified mass involving the left adrenal gland, and hepatomegaly, on radiography and ultrasonography. The owners declined surgical adrenalectomy. Medical management with trilostane rapidly improved the clinical signs and normalised the serum chemistry. ACTH stimulation tests showed an improvement in post‐ACTH cortisol concentrations and were used to make dose adjustments where necessary. At the time of writing, no adverse side effects had been seen and the dog remained well after 80 weeks of treatment.
Hypercalcaemia associated with a retroperitoneal apocrine gland adenocarcinoma in a dog
Authors: Bertazzolo W. , Comazzi S. , Roccabianca P. , Caniatti M.
Published: February 2006

A seven‐year‐old, entire female golden retriever was presented with a history of polyuria/polydipsia and progressive dysuria. Clinical examination, radiography and ultrasonography demonstrated urinary retention due to a large soft tissue mass in the retroperitoneal space. Laboratory findings revealed paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the mass suggested an epithelial tumour, resembling an apocrine gland carcinoma of the anal sac. Following euthanasia and necropsy, the histopathological diagnosis of the retroperitoneal mass was apocrine gland adenocarcinoma. Despite ante‐ and postmortem examination, no perineal or anal sac tumour was found. The retroperitoneal tumour in this case could be a very large lymph node metastasis from an occult primary apocrine carcinoma of the anal sacs, or it could represent the first case of an ectopic apocrine gland carcinoma of the retroperitoneal space in a dog.
Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases
Authors: Stern‐Sertholtz W. , Sjöström L. , Hårkanson N. Wallin
Published: February 2006

Sixty‐one episodes of primary secretory otitis media (PSOM) were diagnosed in 43 Cavalier King Charles spaniels over a 10‐year period. The principal findings were signs of moderate to severe pain localised to the head or cervical area, and/or neurological signs. Diagnosis was made by examination of the tympanic membrane and middle ear with the aid of an operating microscope under general anaesthesia. A bulging, but intact, tympanic membrane was found in most cases. Following myringotomy, a highly viscous mucus plug was found filling the middle ear. Treatment, consisting of removal of the mucus plug, flushing of the middle ear, and local and systemic medical therapy, had to be repeated between one and five times. The prognosis was good in all cases. PSOM is an important differential diagnosis in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with signs of pain involving the head and neck, and/or neurological signs.
Use of trilostane for the treatment of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism in a cat
Authors: Skelly B. J. , Petrus D. , Nicholls P. K.
Published: February 2006

Hyperadrenocorticism occurs much less frequently in cats than in dogs and, at present, is more difficult to manage successfully. This report documents the use of the steroid synthesis inhibitor trilostane for the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in a domestic shorthaired cat with pituitary‐dependent disease. Although trilostane was able to alleviate the severity of the clinical signs and was well tolerated, the cat subsequently died of renal failure secondary to a fungal infection of the urinary tract.
A potential causal association between gastrointestinal disease and primary polydipsia in three dogs
Authors: Henderson S. M. , Elwood C. M.
Published: February 2006

Polydipsia, defined as a water intake of over 100 ml/kg/day, is a common presenting medical complaint in dogs. Polydipsia can be secondary (eg, to central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) or primary in origin, where increased water intake cannot be explained as a response to obligatory water loss. Primary polydipsia is confirmed by ruling out other known causes of polydipsia and demonstrating that renal concentrating ability is intact. The causes and associations of primary polydipsia in dogs are poorly defined. This report describes three dogs presented with signs of gastrointestinal disease with concurrent polydipsia. Investigations (including water deprivation testing) showed normal renal urinary concentrating ability and indicated primary polydipsia. Treatment of the gastrointestinal signs resulted in resolution of the polydipsia in each case. This is the first description of a possible association between gastrointestinal disease and primary polydipsia in the dog, the pathophysiology of which remains obscure.
Home monitoring of blood glucose concentration by owners of diabetic dogs
Authors: Casella M. , Wess G. , Hässig M. , Reusch C. E.
Published: February 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate whether home monitoring of blood glucose of diabetic dogs by owners would be possible on a long‐term basis. The owners of 12 diabetic dogs were each asked to generate four glucose curves by taking capillary blood samples from their dog's ear, at three‐ to four‐week intervals. Within one week of each curve being produced by the owner, an additional curve was produced by a veterinarian in the hospital. Ten owners were able to generate blood glucose curves; three of them needed a second demonstration, and two telephoned for further guidance. The blood glucose concentrations obtained from the first two‘hospital’ curves were significantly lower than those measured at home. Overall, in 42 per cent of cases, the treatment based on the hospital curves would have been different from that based on‘home’ curves. The results of this study indicate that the majority of owners were able and willing to perform long‐term monitoring of the blood glucose concentrations of their dogs.
Tracheal perforation secondary to suture irritation in a dog following a ventral slot procedure
Authors: Clements D. N. , McGill S. , Beths T. , Sullivan M.
Published: February 2006

An eight‐year‐old springer spaniel was presented with acute‐onset subcutaneous emphysema of five days’ duration. The dog had undergone ventral slot decompression of the C5‐C6 intervertebral disc space eight weeks before presentation. Cervical tracheoscopy demonstrated perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane of the distal cervical trachea. Perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane secondary to suture knot irritation was confirmed by exploratory surgery. Repair of the perforation was performed by plication of the dorsal tracheal membrane. The dog was represented nine days after the initial surgery with acute recurrence of subcutaneous emphysema. Air leakage at the plicated dorsal tracheal membrane was observed at exploratory surgery, and a bipedicle sternothyroideus muscle flap was used to support the plicated membrane. Recovery was uneventful and 10 months postoperatively there had been no recurrence of clinical signs.
Eyelid reconstruction in seven dogs using a split eyelid flap
Authors: Lewin G.
Published: February 2006

The use of a split eyelid flap to reconstruct both a normal palpebral aperture and a smooth, hairless eyelid margin following the excision of eyelid neoplasia, in a series of seven dogs, is described. The patterns of reconstruction used in the procedure are discussed, and previously reported methods of eyelid reconstruction are reviewed.
Coat colour changes associated with cabergoline administration in bitches
Authors: Gobello C. , Castex G. , Broglia G. , Corrada Y.
Published: February 2006

Cabergoline or bromocriptine were administered orally to 60 bitches at doses of 5 μg/kg and 15 μg/kg daily, respectively, for two to 45 days for the treatment of pseudopregnancy or for oestrus induction. Seven of the dogs which received cabergoline for more than 14 days developed coat colour changes from the second week of administration to the next coat shedding. Of these, fawn‐coloured bitches developed a yellowish coat colour while Argentine boar hounds became black spotted, mainly on their extremities. In previous untreated oestrous periods, these bitches had shown no coat colour changes. It is concluded that a colour shift in certain haircoats of particular breeds could be mediated through the inhibition of the secretion of melanocyte‐stimulating hormone by the administration of the dopaminergic agonist cabergoline for more than two weeks. Transient coat colour changes should be considered a possible side effect when planning long‐term treatment with dopaminergic agonists in dogs.
Fracture of the proximal tibial epiphysis and tuberosity in 10 dogs
Authors: Clements D. N. , Gemmill T. , Corr S. A. , Bennett D. , Carmichael S.
Published: February 2006

Ten dogs were presented with fractures of the proximal tibial epiphysis and tuberosity. All dogs had a cranioproximal‐caudodistal angulation of the tibial plateau. Six dogs had marked caudal displacement of the proximal tibial epiphysis, five of which had also sustained fractures of the proximal fibula. The estimated mean angle of inclination of the tibial plateau of affected limbs was 45·8 ± 9·6°, which was significantly greater (P< 0 ·0005) than the estimated mean angle of the normal contralateral limb 26·2 ± 6·6°. The mean angle of inclination of the tibial plateau of dogs with fibular fractures (n=5) was not significantly different from dogs without fibular fractures (n=5) (P > 0·25). Five dogs were treated conservatively and five were treated by three different methods of surgical repair. Surgically treated dogs had significantly greater preoperative tibial plateau angles (P< 0 ·05). All dogs regained full limb usage, regardless of the method of treatment chosen.
Use of an incontinent end‐on colostomy in a dog with annular rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kumagai D. , Shimada T. , Yamate J. , Ohashi F.
Published: February 2006

An 11‐year‐old, mixed‐breed dog with dyschezia, tenesmus and haematochezia was presented. A rectal stricture caused by an adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. Following the failure of a rectal‘pull‐through’ procedure, which dehisced seven days later, an incontinent end‐on colostomy was performed, allowing amputation of the colorectum with the anus and perineal skin. A two‐piece device consisting of a flange and a drainable pouch was used for postoperative faecal evacuation and collection. Mild peristomal dermatitis was the only complication. Patient management was easily carried out by the owner at home, and the dog survived for four months with a satisfactory quality of life. Incontinent end‐on colostomy may prove to be a useful treatment for canine annular colorectal tumours.
Parotid duct dilation in two dogs
Authors: Ladlow J. F. , Gregory S. P.
Published: February 2006

Two cases of parotid duct dilation are described; the clinical signs on initial examination were a tubular swelling over the lateral aspect of the face with an associated intraoral submucosal distension. Surgical exploration confirmed that the distended structure was the dilated parotid duct and intraoral marsupialisation resulted in no recurrence postsurgery.
Haematogenous spread of Sporothrix schenckii in cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis
Authors: Schubach T. M. P. , Schubach A. , Okamoto T. , Pellon I. V. , Fialho‐Monteiro P. C. , Reis R. S. , Barros M. B. L. , Andrade‐Perez M. , Wanke B.
Published: February 2006

The recovery of Sporothrix schenckii from blood samples is rare, and the diagnosis of systemic sporotrichosis is usually made at necropsy. In this report, S schenckii was isolated from two or more internal organs of nine necropsied cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. Haematogenous spread was demonstrated in vivo by the isolation of S schenckii from the peripheral blood of 17 (n=49, 34·4 per cent) cats. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) was not detected, and co‐infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), observed in nine cases (n=43, 20·9 per cent), apparently did not affect the isolation of S schenckii from peripheral blood or from the internal organs.
Proximal interphalangeal joint instability in the dog
Authors: Guilliard M. J.
Published: February 2006

A prospective study into the use of transarticular external skeletal fixation in the treatment of proximal interphalangeal instability was undertaken. Only dogs with soft tissue injuries were included. All the dogs except one were greyhounds or related breeds. A hypothesis was proposed that if the articular surfaces were held in normal congruency for a period of time then the development of periarticular fibrosis would alone give sufficient joint support. Joint congruency was maintained by the application of a unilateral external skeletal fixator for approximately three weeks. Complications were common and were due to frame impingement on the neighbouring digit, pin tract infection and pin loosening, and all resolved following frame removal and antibiotic therapy. Careful pinplacement and prophylactic antibiotic treatment prevented complications in subsequent cases. All dogs returned to normal function with no lameness, with the exception of one racing greyhound which had a recurrence of the instability.
Portal vein and aortic thromboses in a Siberian husky with ehrlichiosis and hypothyroidism
Authors: Bressler C. , Himes L. C. , Moreau R. E.
Published: February 2006

A six‐year‐old, neutered male Siberian husky was presented for euthanasia for end‐stage liver disease. Examination of the dog raised questions regarding the severity of the condition. It had presented to the referring veterinarian with polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. Blood tests at that time revealed elevated liver enzymes and hypoalbuminaemia. Cirrhosis was presumptively diagnosed, based on an ultrasound examination, which showed ascites with a normal liver. The dog had a history of hypothyroidism, which was controlled with levothyroxine. Physical examination revealed cachexia. A second abdominal ultrasound examination was performed and revealed portal vein and aortic thromboses. Tick titres showed a positiveEhrlichia canistitre of 1:640. Skin biopsies showed lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis. Doxycycline and aspirin treatment was initiated, and the clinical signs resolved. The authors concluded that the thrombi were primarily caused by chronic ehrlichiosis, based on the clinical findings and the response to treatment.
Immunocytological confirmation of bone marrow metastases in a dog with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mischke R. , Höinghaus R. , Lütkefels E. , Buhl K. , Gerhardt A. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M.
Published: February 2006

The case history of a four‐year‐old, male Bernese mountain dog is presented. Carcinoma cells were detected in the liver by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration. Bone marrow aspirated from the iliac crest and the left femur showed a distinct infiltration by carcinoma cells. Immunocytological examination of the liver and bone marrow metastases showed a negative staining result for large spectrum cytokeratin (CK) KL1, a strong positive result for CK7 and a focal weak positive result for CK20. The dog was euthanased due to the grave prognosis. Histopathological examination revealed metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. The authors conclude that cytological and immunocytological examination of bone marrow aspirates should be used more frequently for the detection of distant metastases of carcinomas in small animal medicine.
Dorsal tarsal instability in three racing greyhounds
Authors: Guilliard M. J.
Published: February 2006

Rupture of the dorsal ligaments of the tarsus in the greyhound is a rare racing injury. This case report describes dorsal tarsal instability in three greyhounds. A stumble and somersault were observed in two cases and were thought to have caused the injury. Previous reports advocate partial intertarsal arthrodesis as the preferred treatment for dorsal instability of the proximal intertarsal joint, but not all dogs returned to successful racing. In these three cases, stability was restored by the insertion of a wire tension band anchored to two bone screws, allowing the development of periarticular fibrosis. The dogs raced again with no loss of form.
A rapid screening technique for feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions
Authors: Heaton M. , Wilkinson J. , Gorrel C. , Butterwick R.
Published: February 2006

The feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) status (presence or absence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions) of 423 clinically healthy cats was determined based on radiographic findings in a series of full mouth radiographs (eight views). This status was compared with the FORL status based on evaluation of only two views, namely the right and left mandibular premolar and molar views. Using the FORL status of the right and left third mandibular premolars (307 and 407) alone correctly predicted overall FORL status in 93·4 per cent of cats. The sensitivity of the new technique (FORL cases correctly diagnosed as positive by the test) was 78·5 per cent, while the negative predictive value (negative FORL cases correctly diagnosed by the test) was 91·3 per cent. Overall FORL status can therefore be confidently diagnosed in nine out of 10 cats by assessing FORL status in just two teeth (307 and 407) using two films, which has benefits for the cat (less anaesthetic time and reduced exposure to radiation) and the owner (reduced cost of screening).
Spinal arachnoid pseudocysts in 10 rottweilers
Authors: Jurina K. , Grevel V.
Published: February 2006

Ten rottweilers presenting with spinal arachnoid pseudocysts were investigated. In six dogs, the lesions were localised dorsally at C2‐C3; in three dogs, dorsally and ventrally at C5‐C6; and, in one dog, dorsally and ventrally at C6‐C7. Clinical signs were consistent with focal compression of the affected spinal cord segments. The animals showed ataxia of all four limbs, with truncal ataxia and marked hypermetria in cases of C2‐C3 involvement, or ambulatory tetraparesis in cases of C5‐C6 or C6‐C7 involvement. Other than signs indicative of spina bifida in one dog, no abnormalities could detected on plain radiographs. Myelography was used to define the localisation and extent of the pseudocysts. Additional information was obtained using magnetic resonance imaging in five dogs. Five dogs underwent a dorsal laminectomy; in three cases, the pseudocyst was treated by marsupialisation and, in two, by durectomy.
Cheyletiella infestation in the dog: observations on diagnostic methods and clinical signs
Authors: Sævik B. K. , Bredal W. , Ulstein T. L.
Published: February 2006

The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of diagnostic methods to detect naturally occurring Cheyletiella infestation in dogs, and to quantify and relate the number of mites and eggs present to clinical signs. Privately owned dogs with skin problems were eligible for inclusion in the study. Four diagnostic tests were performed on each dog in the following order: tape impression, hair plucking, skin scraping and vacuum cleaning. Dogs with positive test results for Cheyletiella infestation in at least one of the tests under evaluation were included in the study (n=27). The severity of pruritus and scaling was graded on a four‐point fixed scale. The diagnostic findings in vacuum cleaning samples provided a semiquantitative measure of the grade of infestation. The vacuum cleaning test gave a positive test result in all dogs and was significantly more efficient than the other tests evaluated (P<0.01). The number of diagnostic findings varied considerably among the different vacuum samples. No significant relationship between the number of diagnostic findings and severity of clinical signs was detected.
Umbilico‐biliary fistula in a dog
Authors: Sides A. A. , Bright R. M. , Mortimer J.
Published: February 2006

This case report describes a previously unreported congenital malformation, an umbilico‐biliary fistula, in a dog. A one‐year‐old male bulldog was diagnosed with umbilico‐biliary fistula using fistulography. Treatment involving surgical removal of the fistula was straightforward and resulted in clinical resolution of the problem.
Glenoid dysplasia and bicipital tenosynovitis in a Maine coon cat
Authors: Scharf G. , Steinbüchl S. , Messmer M. , Ohlerth S.
Published: February 2006

This report describes a rare case of bicipital tenosynovitis in a Maine coon cat. The cat, a three‐and‐half‐year‐old neutered female, presented with chronic weightbearing lameness of the left forelimb. Flexion of the left glenohumeral joint and extension of the left cubital joint were resented, and palpation of the biceps brachii tendon in the bicipital groove elicited pain. A mild incongruity of the joint with mild degenerative changes was seen radiographically. Glenohumeral joint dysplasia was suspected. Ultrasound examination revealed marked thickening of the bicipital tendon and moderate effusion of the left bicipital tendon sheath. Positive contrast radiography of the joint confirmed dilation of the tendon sheath. A tentative diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis was made and confirmed on arthrotomy. Surgical removal of osteophytes resulted in the cat being free from pain but a mild lameness recurred six months after surgery.
Cytological features of canine ovarian tumours: a retrospective study of 19 cases
Authors: Bertazzolo W. , Dell'Orco M. , Bonfanti U. , De Lorenzi D. , Masserdotti C. , De Marco B. , Caniatti M. , Roccabianca P.
Published: February 2006

The cytological features of 19 histologically confirmed canine ovarian tumours were retrospectively examined. Seven cases were cytologically classified as papillary adenocarcinoma, eight cases as granulosa cell tumours, two cases as mature ovarian teratomas, one case as a dysgerminoma and one case as a mixed granulosa cell tumour/dysgerminoma. On cytology, papillary adenocarcinoma was characterised by a papillary glandular pattern and tight cohesiveness. Granulosa cell tumours showed monolayered clusters of loosely cohesive granulosa cells. Call‐Exner‐like bodies were found in five of seven cases. Granulosa cells appeared to be heterogeneous and usually contained several intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Teratoma was characterised cytologically by keratin debris (two cases) and a mixture of epithelial cells with sebaceous, basaloid, columnar/palisading or ciliated appearance (one case). The dysgerminoma contained severely atypical round cells admixed with small lymphocytes. The mixed dysgerminoma/granulosa cell tumour had a mixture of germinal and granulosa cells. Cytological diagnosis was in agreement with histopathology in 18 of 19 (94·7 per cent) cases.
Progression of osteoarthritis following TPLO surgery: a prospective radiographic study of 40 dogs
Authors: Rayward R. M. , Thomson D. G. , Davies J. V. , Innes J. F. , Whitelock R. G.
Published: February 2006

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the progression of osteoarthritis following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery. Osteoarthritis was monitored radiographically by means of an osteophyte scale on entry to the study, and at six weeks and six months following surgical intervention. Forty dogs were recruited to the study. At each visit, animals were assessed clinically, radiographically, by force platform analysis and by synovial fluid sampling. The radiographic data is the subject of this report. A significant increase in mean osteophyte score was noted between the entry and six‐month examination time point. This increase in the mean osteophyte score was due to the increased score recorded in 16 dogs. However, in the majority of dogs, there was no progression of osteophytosis during the course of this study.
Iliopsoas abscess with iliac and femoral vein thrombosis in an adult Siberian husky
Authors: Grösslinger K. , Lorinson D. , Hittmair K. , Konar M. , Weissenböck H.
Published: February 2006

A nine‐year‐old, male Siberian husky was presented with fever, decreased appetite and activity, non‐weightbearing lameness, and oedematous swelling of the right inguinal and preputial area and the right hindlimb. An abscess within the right iliopsoas muscle, with severe thrombosis of the iliac and femoral vein, was diagnosed by haematology and diagnostic imaging. The abscess and adjoining lymph node were removed surgically through a median coeliotomy. The isolated pathogen wasStaphylococcus intermedius. Clinical signs resolved completely after surgery. Antimicrobial therapy was continued for four weeks. Within the follow‐up period of six months, no recurrence of the clinical signs was detected.
Results of balloon valvuloplasty in 40 dogs with pulmonic stenosis
Authors: Johnson M. Stafford , Martin M.
Published: February 2006

The records of 43 dogs presenting with severe pulmonic stenosis in which balloon valvuloplasty was attempted were reviewed. Thirty‐four dogs (79 per cent) were symptomatic at initial presentation. All patients were selected for balloon valvuloplasty on the basis of a Doppler‐derived trans‐stenotic pressure gradient of over 80 mmHg and concurrent evidence of mild to severe right ventricular hypertrophy. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty; the procedure was not performed in three dogs because of an aberrant coronary artery in two cases and because catheterisation of the pulmonary artery was not possible in the third. Overall, 37 out of the 40 dogs (93 per cent) were successfully ballooned, resulting in a mean reduction in the pressure gradient of 46 per cent, with a mean pressure gradient of 124 mmHg on presentation and 67 mmHg six months after the procedure. Three dogs died during balloon valvuloplasty (all of which had a concurrent defect) and three dogs showed a poor clinical response to the procedure. Thus balloon valvuloplasty was successful and resulted in a sustained clinical improvement in 80 per cent of previously symptomatic cases. This study was undertaken to document the results of balloon valvuloplasty in a larger population of dogs than has previously been published.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a Sussex spaniel
Authors: Abramson C. J. , Platt S. R. , Shelton G. D.
Published: February 2006

A two‐year‐old, intact female Sussex spaniel was presented with signs of exercise intolerance. Pre‐ and post‐exercise serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations and urinary organic acid screening supported a diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, as previously reported in this breed. Dietary therapy was initiated for six months, during which time there was no reported clinical deterioration. A full neurological examination and repeat evaluation of lactate and pyruvate concentrations before and after exercise was conducted one year after diagnosis, at which time the patient had been without dietary modification for six months and had developed more severe exercise intolerance along with evidence of central nervous system dysfunction.
Percutaneous fine‐needle biopsy of deep thoracic and abdominal masses in dogs and cats
Authors: Bonfanti U. , Bussadori C. , Zatelli A. , De Lorenzi D. , Masserdotti C. , Bertazzolo W. , Faverzani S. , Ghisleni G. , Capobianco R. , Caniatti M.
Published: February 2006

Percutaneous fine‐needle biopsy was used to investigate thoracic and abdominal masses in the dog and cat. One hundred and thirty‐two cases were included in the study; 20 cases were excluded from the comparative study due to poor cellularity or blood contamination (retrieval rate 86.8 per cent). One hundred samples (56 dogs and 44 cats) were classified by cytology as neoplastic. All the cytological diagnoses of neoplasia were confirmed by histological samples obtained either by non‐surgical methods, at surgery or during postmortem examination. No false positive diagnoses of neoplasia were made. Thirty‐two samples were cytologically classified as ‘negative for neoplasia’. Subsequent histological examination revealed 18 true negative and 14 false negative results. The procedure had an overall 89.4 per cent (118 cases out of 132) agreement between the diagnosis of inflammatory disease versus neoplasia, with a sensitivity of 87.8 per cent, a specificity of 100 per cent, a predictive value of a positive test of 100 per cent and a predictive value of a negative test of 56.3 per cent.
Acute paraplegia associated with vasculitis in a dog with leishmaniasis
Authors: Font A. , Mascort J. , Altimira J. , Closa J. M. , Vilafranca M.
Published: February 2006

14‐month‐old female crossbreed dog with leishmaniasis, receiving allopurinol, was presented with acute paraplegia. A diagnosis of renal failure with pelvic limb lower motor neuron signs was made and the dog was euthanased. Histopathological examination demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis in multiple organs. Malacia and haemorrhage affecting the spinal cord was associated with multiple foci of vasculitis within the nervous tissue. Rupture and thrombosis of inflamed vessels caused haemorrhage in the spinal cord and subsequent paralysis.
Bilateral mandibular dentigerous cysts in a dog
Authors: Baxter C. J. K.
Published: February 2006

Cysts in the dental cavities of dogs are rare. This report documents the case of a young boxer that was referred after having had treatment for bilateral oral swellings. Dentigerous cysts were tentatively diagnosed. Surgery was performed to aspirate the fluid and remove the first premolars, which were positioned in the cysts. Histopathological examination of tissue collected during the surgical procedure confirmed the diagnosis.