bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily time management and autonomy in school-age children with ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and typically developing children show different patterns
Authors: Wennberg Birgitta , Kjellberg Anette , Gustafsson Per Anders , Almqvist Lena , Janeslätt Gunnel
Published: October 2019

Background

Children with ADHD and those with intellectual disability (ID) often have problems in daily time management (DTM) and the underlying time-processing ability (TPA). It is, however, less well-known how DTM and TPA may impact children’s everyday autonomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate DTM, TPA and self-rated autonomy in the activities of everyday life among children aged 9-15 years with ADHD ( n = 47), with ID ( n = 47) and typically developing (TD) children ( n = 47).

Method

A descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional design was used. Group comparisons and cluster analysis with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc tests and bootstrapping were used to analyse the data.
Results

Children with ADHD and those with ID had significantly lower TPA and DTM than TD children. However, there was a considerable heterogeneity among the children with ADHD and ID ranging from skilled to having significant problems in TPA Children with ADHD had lower DTM than those with ID. For all children the levels of self-rated autonomy seemed to follow the level of TPA.
Conclusions

Children with ADHD and those with ID have an increased risk of delayed TPA, affecting their DTM and autonomy. The results indicate a need to measure TPA and tailor interventions for each child.
Molecular genetic diversity and differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in East African natural and stocked populations
Authors: Tibihika Papius Dias , Curto Manuel , Alemayehu Esayas , Waidbacher Herwig , Masembe Charles , Akoll Peter , Meimberg Harald
Published: October 2019

Background The need for enhancing the productivity of fisheries in Africa triggered the introduction of non-native fish, causing dramatic changes to local species. In East Africa, the extensive translocation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major factors in this respect. Using 40 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBS techniques, we amplified a total of 664 individuals to investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from East Africa in comparison to Ethiopian and Burkina Faso populations. Results All three African regions were characterized by independent gene-pools, however, the Ethiopian population from lake Tana showed to be more divergent than expected suggesting that it might be a different species. In East Africa, the genetic structure was congruent with both geographical location and anthropogenic activities. O. niloticus from Lake Turkana (Kenya) was isolated, while in Uganda, despite populations being rather similar to each other, two main natural catchments were able to be defined. We show that these two groups contributed to the gene-pool of different non-native populations. Moreover, admixture and possible hybridization with other tilapiine species may have contributed to the genetic divergence found in some populations such as Lake Victoria. We detected other factors that might be affecting Nile tilapia genetic variation. For example, most of the populations have gone through a reduction of genetic diversity, which can be a consequence of bottleneck caused by overfishing, genetic erosion due to fragmentation or founder effect resulting from stoking activities. Conclusions The anthropogenic activities particularly in the East African O. niloticus translocations, promoted admixture and contact with the native congenerics which may contribute to outbreeding depression and hence compromising the sustainability of the species in the region.
Diagnostic accuracy of QuickVue® Dipstick Strep A test and its effect on antibiotic prescribing in children in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shabestari Seyed Ali Safizadeh , Malik Zainab A. , Al-Najjar Fadil Y A
Published: October 2019

Background: Unnecessary antibiotic prescription to patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) has led to the increase in antibiotics resistant bacteria rates. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of QuickVue® Dipstick Strep A test (QV-SAT) in children presenting with acute pharyngotonsillitis and its effect on antibiotic prescribing.

Methods: A single-gated diagnostic accuracy study of children with fever, runny nose, and tonsillitis presenting to a paediatric clinic between March 2016 and September 2018. Paired throat swabs for QV-SAT and culture were collected. None of the children received antibiotics prior to sample collection. Furthermore, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratios of the test were calculated.

Results: 204 children were included in this study. 111 (54.4%) were boys and 146 (71.6%) were under the age of five years. QV-SAT was positive in 44 (21.6%) and throat culture was positive for Group A β- haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) in 42 (20.6%) of the children. The results of QV-SAT were highly consistent with culture results: only 2 (0.9%) children with negative results had a positive throat culture. The sensitivity of the QV-SAT in the identification of GAS infection was 100% (95% CI 91.6%, 100%) and the NPV was 100% (95% CI 70%, 95%). Only 42 children (21%) were given antibiotics, while 162 (79%) were not.

Conclusion: The QV-SAT is a quick and reliable test that can help dramatically reduce antibiotic prescriptions to children presenting with fever and acute pharyngotonsillitis.
Comparative assessment and monitoring of deterioration of articulatory organs using subjective and objective tools among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pawlukowska Wioletta , Baumert Bartłomiej , Gołąb-Janowska Monika , Meller Agnieszka , Machowska-Sempruch Karolina , Wełnicka Agnieszka , Paczkowska Edyta , Rotter Iwona , Machaliński Bogusław , Nowacki Przemysław
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal degenerative disease of a rapid course. In 25% of ALS sufferers, speech disorders occur as prodromal symptoms of the disease. Impaired communication affects physical health and has a negative impact on mental and emotional condition. In this study, we assessed which domains of speech are particularly affected in ALS. Subsequently, we estimated possible correlations between the ALS patients’ subjective perception of their speech quality and an objective assessment of the speech organs carried out by an expert.Methods

The study group consisted of 63 patients with sporadic ALS. The patients were examined for articulatory functions by means of Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA).Results

On the basis of the VHI scores, the entire cohort was divided into 2 groups: group I (40 subjects) with mild speech impairment, and group II (23 subjects) displaying moderate and profound speech deficits. The deficits were observed more frequently in men (60.31%). In an early phase of ALS, changes were typically reported in the tongue, lips and soft palate. The FDA and VHI-based measurements revealed a high, positive correlation between the objective and subjective evaluation of articulation quality.Conclusion

Deterioration of the articulatory organs resulted in the reduction of social, physical and emotional functioning. The highly positive correlation between the VHI and FDA scales seems to indicate that the VHI questionnaire may be a reliable, self-contained tool for monitoring the course and progression of speech disorders in ALS.
Continuing evolution of H6N2 influenza A virus in South African chickens and the implications for diagnosis and control
Authors: Abolnik Celia , Strydom Christine , Rauff Dionne Linda , Wandrag Daniel Barend Rudolph , Petty Deryn
Published: October 2019

Background: The threat of poultry-origin H6 avian influenza viruses to human health emphasizes the importance of monitoring their evolution. South Africa’s H6N2 epidemic in chickens began in 2001 and two co-circulating antigenic sub-lineages of H6N2 could be distinguished from the outset. The true incidence and prevalence of H6N2 in the country has been difficult to determine, partly due to the continued use of an inactivated whole virus H6N2 vaccine and the inability to distinguish vaccinated from non-vaccinated birds on serology tests. In the present study, the complete genomes of twelve H6N2 viruses isolated from various farming systems between September 2015 and February 2019 in three major chicken-producing regions were analysed and a serological experiment was used to demonstrate the effects of antigenic mismatch in diagnostic tests.
Results: Genetic drift in H6N2 continued and antigenic diversity in sub-lineage I is increasing; no sub-lineage II viruses were detected. Reassortment patterns indicated epidemiological connections between provinces as well as different farming systems, but there was no reassortment with wild bird or ostrich influenza viruses. The sequence mismatch between the official antigens used for routine hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing and circulating field strains has increased steadily, and we demonstrated that H6N2 field infections are likely to be missed. More concerning, sub-lineage I H6N2 viruses acquired three of the nine HA mutations associated with human receptor-binding preference (A13S, V187D and A193N) since 2002. Most sub-lineage I viruses isolated since 2015 acquired the K702R mutation in PB2 associated with the ability to infect humans, whereas prior to 2015 most viruses in sub-lineages I and II contained the avian lysine marker. All strains had an unusual HA0 motif of PQVETRGIF or PQVGTRGIF.
Conclusions: The H6N2 viruses in South African chickens are mutating and reassorting amongst themselves but have remained a genetically pure lineage since they emerged more than 18 years ago. Greater efforts must be made by government and industry in the continuous isolation and characterization of field strains for use as HI antigens, new vaccine seed strains and to monitor the zoonotic threat of H6N2 viruses.
Informing patients with progressive neurological disease of their health status, and their adaptation to the disease
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka
Published: October 2019

Background

Progressive neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, significantly interfere with patients' lives, and those of their families. The aim of the research was to establish whether the extent of the information on patients' health conditions, and the way patients learn this information from doctors affect their adaptation to chronic and progressive diseases.Methods

Qualitative methodology was used for a total of 52 participants (patients with progressive neurological diseases, their family members, and health and social workers). Data were collected using individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. Analysis of data for interpretation, conceptualization, and re-integration was performed by open, axial, and selective coding.Results

It was determined that adequate information about patients’ health status, and the use of coping strategies are related to their adaptation to their disease, and consequently, to their quality of life. The participants often considered the extent of the information provided, and the way they were informed to be inadequate. Receiving the diagnosis, the progression of the disease, and the end of life were found to be the most burdensome.Conclusion

Our results show that Czech neurologist should develop better communication skills, particularly for informing patients with progressive neurological diseases. Open communication, emotional support, and support in selecting effective coping strategies can help patients adapt more readily to their disease, and improve their quality of life.
New Insights into Mammalian Sex Chromosome Structure and Evolution from High-quality Bovine X and Y Chromosome Sequences
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Koren Sergey , Ghurye Jay , Rhie Arang , Phillippy Adam M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Bickhart Derek M. , Smith Timothy P.L. , Hiendleder Stefan , Williams John Lewis
Published: October 2019

Background Mammalian X chromosomes are mainly euchromatic with a similar size and structure among species whereas Y chromosomes are smaller, have undergone substantial evolutionary changes and accumulated male specific genes and genes involved in sex determination. The PAR is conserved on the X and Y and pair during meiosis. The structure, evolution and function of mammalian sex chromosomes is still poorly understood because few species have high quality sex chromosome assemblies. Results Here we report the first bovine sex chromosome assemblies that include the complete pseudoautosomal region (PAR) spanning 6.84 Mb and three Y chromosome X-degenerate (X-d) regions. We show that the ruminant PAR comprises 31 genes and is similar to the PAR of pig and dog but extends further than those of human and horse. Differences in the pseudoautosomal boundaries are consistent with evolutionary divergence times. Conclusions A bovidae-specific expansion of members of the lipocalin gene family in the PAR may reflect immune-modulation and anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to parasite resistance in ruminants. Comparison of the X-d regions of Y chromosomes across species reveal five conserved X-Y gametologs, which are global regulators of gene activity, and may have a fundamental role in mammalian sexual dimorphism.
Remote ischemic preconditioning in prevention of contrast induced nephropathy: A Randomised control trial
Authors: Roy Debajyoti , Pande Shrikant D , Aw TARCHOON , Hausenloy Derek , Walsh Stewart , Morris Julie , Tang TY
Published: October 2019

Background: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) following angiography is one of the leading causes of in-hospital acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) to prevent CIN in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing lower limb angioplasty with standard preventative measures. Methods: 40 adult patients (eGFR >45 ml/min) undergoing peripheral arterial angioplasty received either: (1) Control: standard preventative measures comprising intravenous (IV) hydration with 0.9% normal saline (1ml/kg/hour) or (2) RIPC: four-5 min inflations and deflations of a pneumatic cuff placed on the upper arm in addition to IV hydration prior to the angiographic procedure. Serial measurements of serum creatinine, serum cystatin and urinary NGAL were taken at baseline and 2, 24, 48- and 72-hours post-procedure. The primary outcome was CIN as defined by a rise of creatinine by 25% above baseline. Other outcome measures included the rise in urine NGAL and serum cystatin from base line at 2 hours, as an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. All recruited patients had eGFR >45 ml/min, and RIPC had no renoprotective effect. AKI occurred in five (13%) patients. Changes in serum creatinine at 2 hours post-procedure did not correlate with changes in urine NGAL or serum Cystatin C. Conclusion: In stable PAD patients (eGFR >45ml) undergoing lower limb angioplasty with standard preventative measures, RIPC did not offer any protection against development of CIN. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Clinical Trials No. NCT02516072)
Adaptive Immune Responses Mediated Age-related Plasmodium yoelii 17XL and 17XNL Infections in 4 and 8-week-old BALB/c Mice
Authors: Wang Qiu-bo , Du Yun-ting , Liu Fei , Sun Xiao-dan , Sun Xun , Chen Guang , Pang Wei , Cao ya-ming
Published: October 2019

Background As the quest to eradicate malaria continues, it is important to clarify the opposite clinical outcomes between childhood and adulthood. The relationship between adaptive immune response and age-related malaria infection remains unknown. Methods 4 and 8-week-old mice were used to mimic childhood and adulthood, respectively. Parasitemia and the survival rate were monitored. The proportion and function of Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by FACS. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and Plasmodium yoelii MSP-1-special IgG were measured by ELISA. Results Infant mice were more susceptible to P. yoelii 17XNL infection, with lower survival rate and higher parasitemia. The adult group showed greater resistance to P. yoelii 17XL infection, with lower parasitemia. Compared with 4-week-old mice, the percentage of CD4 + T-bet + IFN-γ + Th1 cells as well as IFN-γ production were significantly increased on day 5 p.i. in the 8-week-old mice after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. The percentage of CD4 + GATA3 + IL-4 + Th2 cells and CD4 + CXCR5 + Tfh cells, and IL-4 production in the 8-week-old mice obviously increased on day 5 and day 10 after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. Notably, the levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and P. yoelii MSP-1-special IgG were also significantly increased in the 8-week-old mice. PD-1, a marker of exhaustion, was up-regulated on CD4 + or activated CD4 + T cells in the 8-week-old mice as compared to the 4-week-old group. Conclusion We consider that enhanced cellular and humoral adaptive immunity might contribute to rapid clearance of malaria among adults, likely in a PD-1-dependent manner due to induction of CD4 + T cells exhaustion.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Hao Pengbo , Wang Hantao , Ma Liang , Wu Aimin , Chen Pengyun , Cheng Shuaishuai , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun
Published: October 2019

Background Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins ( MCTPs ) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported.Results In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum , which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited pIs less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs’ functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins.Conclusions Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs’ molecular roles in mediating other regulators’ transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.
Assessing Quality of Newborn Care at District Facilities in Malawi
Authors: Kawaza Kondwani , Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Hiwa Tamanda , Njirammadzi Jenala , Banda Mwai , Vidler Marianne , Newberry Laura , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Dube Queen , Molyneux Elizabeth , Goldfarb David M.
Published: October 2019

Background: Malawi is celebrated as one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa to meet the Millennium Development Goal of reducing under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. However, within this age range neonatal mortality rates are the slowest to decline, even though rates of facility births are increasing. Examining the quality of neonatal care at district level facilities where most deliveries occur is warranted. Objective: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of neonatal care in three district hospitals and one primary health centre in southern Malawi as well as to report the limitations and lessons learned on using the WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool. Methodology: These facility assessments were part of the “Integrating a neonatal healthcare package for Malawi” project, a part of the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa (IMCHA) initiative. The WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool was used to comprehensively assess quality of care in addition to availability and quantity of supplies and resources. Because this study focused on neonatal care, the modules on infrastructure, neonatal care and labour and delivery were included. Facility assessments were administered in November 2017. Results: The continuum of labour, delivery and neonatal care were all assessed and areas that required improvements to meet standards of care were identified. Critical areas for improvements included the facilities for delivery, including operations and newborn care; for equipment and supplies; for neonatal case management, including sick newborns and routine monitoring and follow-up. Only one of the 12 domains, laboratory, met the standards of care with only minor improvements needed. Conclusion: The WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool is a validated tool that can shed light on the complex quality of care challenges faced by district level health facilities. The results reveal that the quality of care needs improvement, particularly for sick and vulnerable newborns.
Prevalence and factors associated with cancellation of elective procedures on surgical wards at Mulago hospital, Uganda
Authors: ogwal alfred , oyania felix , nkonge emmanuel , makumbi timothy kabanda , galukande fred moses
Published: October 2019

Background: Cancellation of elective surgical procedures has been noted to waste resources and with potential to increase morbidity and mortality among patients. This study set out to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cancellation of elective surgical procedures at Mulago Hospital. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 th January 2018 to 20 th February 2018. We recruited patients of all ages admitted on surgical wards and scheduled for elective surgery. Demographic data, diagnosis, specialty of surgery, proposed surgery, theatre and reasons for cancellation were extracted and analyzed using logistic regression. Results: There were 115 procedures canceled out of 400 cases, giving us a prevalence of cancellation of 28.8%. Neurosurgery had the highest cancellation rate at 46.8% (n=29), OR = 2.23, 95% CI (1.22, 4.06). UCI theatre was about two times more likely to have a procedure canceled (OR = 2.12, 95% CI, 0.91-4.96). Facility factors contributed 67.8% to overall cancellations. Commonest reason for case cancellations was theatre time run out. There was no procedure canceled due to lack of ICU bed. There was a significant association between specialty and surgical cancellation rate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of cancellation of elective surgical procedures in Mulago Hospital is 28.8% with Neurosurgery having the highest cancellation rate. Two thirds of the factors responsible for procedure cancellations were facility related with more than fifty percent of them being potentially preventable. Quality improvement strategies are necessary in those sub specialties susceptible to procedure cancellations due to facility factors. Keywords: cancellation; elective procedures; factors; prevalence
Antibiotic prescribing among inpatients with infectious and non-infectious indications in obstetrics and gynaecology departments at two tertiary care hospitals in Central India
Authors: Machowska Anna , Landstedt Kristoffer , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Sharma Megha
Published: October 2019

Background : Patients in departments such as obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGY) are at high risk of life-threatening infections, thus are prescribed antibiotics extensively. Use of antibiotics leads to increasing antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic surveillance is one of the cornerstones to combat antibiotic resistance. However, hospital-based, department specific surveillance data of prescribed antibiotics are scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aim: To describe and compare antibiotic prescribing patterns among the inpatients at OBGY departments of two tertiary care hospitals, one teaching (TH) and one non-teaching (NTH), in Central India. Methods: Data of all inpatients was collected manually for three years and analysed using demographics, length of hospital stay, diagnoses and prescribed antibiotics including dose, duration, and frequency and defined daily dose per 1000 inpatients were calculated. The patients were divided into, infectious and non-infectious categories and further into surgical, non-surgical and possible surgical indications. The data was coded based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and the International Classification of Disease system version-10. Results: Of the total 5558 admitted patients, 2044 (81%) in the TH and 2567 (85%) in the NTH received antibiotic treatment (p<0.001). In both hospitals, a majority of the patients with surgical indications were prescribed antibiotics (87% to 100%). Prescribing of the fixed-dose combinations of antibiotics (FDCs) and use of brand names was more common at the NTH then at the TH. A majority of the inpatients who neither had surgery nor had any confirmed bacterial infection also received antibiotic prescriptions (TH-71%, NTH-75%). Overall, higher DDD/1000 patients were prescribed in the TH compared to the NTH in both categories. Conclusions: More frequent prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics, including FDCs and higher brand-name prescribing at the NTH compared to the TH, is a point of concern. Antibiotics prescribed to the inpatients having non-bacterial infection indications is another point of concern and requires urgent action. Investigation of underlying reasons for prescribing antibiotics for unindicated diagnoses and the development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs are recommended measures to improve the prescribing of antibiotics.
Is There an Association Between Dietary Habits and Recurrent Deliberate Self-harm?
Authors: Berg Elizabeth , Wilhelm Kay , Handley Tonelle Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Purpose Despite increasing awareness of high rates of physical illness and poor lifestyle behaviours among patients with a history of suicidality (suicidal ideation and behaviours), there is little research on specific lifestyle factors that are potentially problematic for this group. This paper aims to explore the relationship between frequency of deliberate self-harm and certain lifestyle factors, including balanced meals, eating breakfast, consumption of 'unhealthy' food, weight, exercise, substance and alcohol use, smoking and social support, in a cohort of patients who present to the Emergency Department (ED) with suicidality. Methods From 2007-2016, data from lifestyle and mental health measures were collected from 448 attenders at an outpatient clinic for suicidal behaviour following an ED presentation. Lifestyle behaviours (from Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist) and mental health (from Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale, clinical diagnosis and number of previous deliberate self-harm episodes) were measured on arrival. The associations between lifestyle variables and mental health outcome measures were examined. Results Gender, age, depression symptoms, poor diet, and smoking were all associated with a higher average number of DSH episodes. There were nonsignificant positive trends between all the other poor lifestyle behaviours and deliberate self-harm. There was no association between deliberate self-harm episodes and diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder. In a multiple linear regression model the only factors that remained significant were age, smoking and eating balanced meals. Conclusion In this sample of patients with suicidal behaviour, balanced meals and smoking were the lifestyle behaviours that were found to have the strongest independent association with repeated deliberate self-harm. We suggest that asking two simple questions about current smoking and balanced meals has the potential to direct the focus on modifiable lifestyle behaviours with important long term implications for individuals and public health implications for the group of people presenting with suicidality.
Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients of pituitary adenomas with and without optic chiasmal compression
Authors: Lei Kun , Wang Lina , Wang Meizi , Wang Shuran , Qu Yuanzhen
Published: October 2019

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated loss of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness in patients with chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to evaluate the cpRNFL and ganglion cell compound (GCC) thicknesses in patients suffering pituitary tumors with and without chiasmal compression. Methods: forty-four patients with pituitary adenoma (PA) (twenty-one without chiasmal compression and twenty-three with chiasmal compression) and eighteen controls were enrolled. cpRNFL and GCC thickness were measured in both patients and controls by SD-OCT. Results: three groups (PAs with optic chiasmal compression, PAs without optic chiasmal compression and controls) were closely matched in terms of mean age, sex and IOP (p=0.173, p=0.184 and P=0.343, respectively). The average cpRNFL and GCC thickness was significantly different among three groups (cpRNFL : 94.1±12.5µm, 106.4±7.3µm, 110.7±6.9µm, respectively; GCC: 85.8±6.9µm, 93.8±5.0µm, 97.2±5.6µm, respectively ). The cpRNFL was analyzed in different regions, and significant difference was found in nasal upper and nasal lower between PAs without optic chiasmal compression and controls. Conclusion: Even there is no evidence of compression at the chiasm on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), GCC and cpRNFL thinning could still be detected in patients of pituitary tumor by SD-OCT. The loss of RNFL is more severe in patients with chiasmal compression.
Higher risk of revision in total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xi , Yang Zhen , Zhu Shibai , Wang Yiou , Qian Wenwei
Published: October 2019

Background: High tibial osteotomy is commonly performed in young patients with high activity demand. It is reported up to 30% of HTO need subsequent conversion to TKA. Primary TKA now provides satisfactory long-term outcome in terms of function and survival. Researches have been conducted to compare clinical outcome between primary TKA and TKA after HTO to see if primary should be the prior treatment rather than HTO in some cases. But the results were inconsistent. This study aims to compare the risk of revision and other parameters of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy and primary total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Thorough searches and screens of the relevant literature were conducted, after which data were extracted and pooled analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcomes between the two groups.Results: A total of 14 studies with 144,692 cases were included. Pooled analysis showed significantly more revisions and complications and more tibial component loosening and impingement in postoperative X-ray in the HTO-TKA group. Surgical complexity during conversion to total knee arthroplasty was summarised and listed in a table. Conclusion: Total knee arthroplasty after tibial osteotomy is a technically challenging procedure and provide inferior clinical outcomes than primary TKA. Given the success of primary TKA, it may be considered as the first choice in young patients with high activity demand.
The Suppression of a R2R3-type LoMYB gene damaged the anther dehiscence in lily
Authors: Tong Zheng , Li Qiuhua , Khaskheli AllahJurio , Gao Junping , He Junna , Hong Bo
Published: October 2019

Background Lilies are the widely cultivated cut flowers worldwide, while lily anthers carry a large amount of colored pollen dispersed easily to stain petals that makes serious problems for commerical sales. Improving pollen pollution in lily is one of the major goals of lily breeding.Results In this study, we identified a putative R2R3 MYB transcription factor LoMYB from oriental lily ( Lilium sp. ‘Siberia’). LoMYB mainly expressed in anther wall during the late stages of lily anther development. Suppression of LoMYB by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in lily led to a failure of the anthers to dehisce. Induction of LoMYB in DEX:: LoMYB transgenic Arabidopsis by spraying dexamethasone (DEX), caused the rosette leaves turning yellow and the inflorescences becoming procumbent and infertile. And the induced genes in Arabidopsis include developmental programmed cell death (PCD) and secondary wall biosynthesis (SWB) related genes. These results suggested that MYB regulated anther dehisce possibly through promoting the PCD and SWB processes in cells.Conclusions Our results demonstrated the indispensable role of LoMYB in lily anther dehisce, discovered LoMYB participated in PCD and SWB regulatory processes, and provide a possibility of using LoMYB silencing to produce anther-indehicent lilies.
Effect of inspiratory muscle loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia
Authors: Ogawa Takeshi , Nagao Maiko , Fujii Naoto , NIshiyasu Takeshi
Published: October 2019

Background: Although numerous studies have reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training by attempting to improve exercise performance, the outcome of whether exercise performance is improved by inspiratory muscle training is controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training (IMLET) on VO2peak, respiratory responses, and exercise performance under N and H exercise conditions. We hypothesized that IMLET enhances respiratory muscle strength and improves respiratory response, thereby VO2peak and work capacity under H condition. Methods: Sixteen university track runners (13 men and 3 women) were randomly assigned to the IMLET (n=8) or exercise training (ET) group (n=8). All subjects underwent 4 weeks of 20-min 60%VO2peak cycling exercise training, thrice per week. IMLET loaded 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) during exercise. At pre- and post-training periods, subjects performed exhaustive incremental cycling under normoxic (N; 20.9 ± 0%) and hypoxic (H; 15.0 ± 0.1%) conditions. Results: Although PImax and maximal expiratory pressure significantly increased after training in both groups, the extent of PImax increase was significantly higher in the IMLET group (44.5 ± 27.2% vs. 14.9 ± 11.8%; P<0.05). In both groups, VO2peak and maximal work load (Wmax) similarly increased both under N and H conditions after training (P<0.05). Further, the extent of Wmax decrease under H condition was smaller only in the IMLET group at post-training test than at pre-training (from -14.7 ± 2.2% to -12.5 ± 1.7%; P<0.05). Maximal minute ventilation in both N and H conditions increased after training than in the pre-training period. Conclusions: Our IMLET enhanced respiratory muscle strength, and the effect of hypoxia on work capacity was attenuated with enhancing the respiratory response.
Long-term effects of group exercise intervention on maximal step-up height in female primary care patients with cardio-metabolic risk factors
Authors: Nyberg Lillemor Amanda , Sundberg Carl Johan , Wändell Per , Kowalski Jan , Hellenius Mai-Lis
Published: October 2019

Background: Low physical performance is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. This study looks at long-term effects of an exercise intervention on maximal step-up height (MSH) in individuals with low physical function. Furthermore, we studied correlates to changes in MSH. Methods: Female patients (n = 101), mean (SD) age of 52 (11) years, were recruited for a 3-month group exercise intervention including 2-3 sessions/week of mixed aerobic fitness and strength training. MSH, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 -max), self-reported health (SF-36) and physical activity (PA) were measured at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after 14-30 (mean 22) months (T2). Relationships between changes in MSH (cm) and age, baseline MSH, time to follow-up, changes in anthropometric measurements, VO 2 -max, SF-36 and PA were studied with regression analyses. Results: MSH, significantly, increased from T0 to T1, 27.2 (5.7) to 29.0 (5.5) cm and decreased to 25.2 (5.5) cm at T2. Time to follow-up (B = -0.42, p < 0.001) and change in BMI (B = -0.29, p = 0.012) correlated significantly to changes in MSH. Waist circumference, VO 2 -max, PF and exercise/physical activity levels were significantly improved at T2, while BMI did not change. In a univariate logistic regression model, maintenance of MSH correlated to the extent of mixed training (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.25-8.89). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for important factors the correlation was not significant. However, MSH was significantly higher in individuals participating in 2-3 session per week compared to one session. Conclusions: A 3-month group exercise intervention increased MSH, improved fitness, decreased risk in female patients with elevated cardio-metabolic risk. After an average of 22 months MSH was reduced while positive effects remained for waist circumference, VO 2 -max, physical function and physical activity. However, regular group exercise 2-3 times per week with mixed aerobic fitness and strength training was associated with maintenance of MSH in a subgroup of patients. We suggest that such an intervention including regular support from healthcare professionals is a successful approach for maintaining improved leg-muscle strength among primary care patients.
Prevention of dental caries using low concentration fluoride gel in custom tray in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a preliminary study
Authors: Soutome Sakiko , Yanamoto Souichi , Funahara Madoka , Kawashita Yumiko , Yoshimatsu Masako , Murata Maho , Umeda Masahiro
Published: October 2019

Background: To prevent radiation-related dental caries, some studies reported topical application of 1.0 – 2.0% fluoride gel in custom tray for 4-5 minutes every day. However, in Japan, the concentration of fluoride used by patients is limited to less than 0.15 %. The efficacy of low concentration of fluoride gel in custom tray in preventing radiation-related dental caries has not been investigated. Methods: This is a preliminary study. Thirteen patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy were enrolled in this study. They wore custom tray containing 0.145% sodium fluoride gel during sleep every night and were examined for newly developed dental caries a year later. Results: No new dental caries were found in the 13 patients one year after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Low concentration fluoride gel in custom tray during sleep could prevent radiation-related dental caries. We are planning to conduct a multicenter phase III randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of this method in preventing radiation-related dental caries. Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000025196. Registered 9 December 2016, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000028984
Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran
Authors: Afshar Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh , Mehni Maryam Barkhori , Rezaeian Mostafa , Mohebali Mehdi , Baigi Vali , Amiri Somayeh , Amirshekari Mohammad Bagher , Hamidinia Ruhollah , Samimi Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Background Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture.Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis sp. , Entamoeba coli and Giardia lamblia as protozoan parasite and Hymenolepis nana as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar , Iodamoeba bütschlii , Chilomastix mesnili , Entamoeba hartmanni , Ascaris lambercoides , and Enterobius vermicularis were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases.Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran.
New insight in understanding and exploring optimal biomarkers in stroke: Key diagnostic markers for clinical treatment
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Jiafeng , Fan Aiqin , Wang Xiaolan , Jiang Liying , Jiang Lianying , Lu Changlian , Gu Xuefeng
Published: October 2019

Background A stroke is a complex neurological phenomenon where patients may suddenly experience paralysis, loss of vision or impaired speech because of interruption of blood flow. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a significant reason for long-term disability worldwide. Optimal biomarkers latent in stroke remain relatively unknown, and efforts are ongoing to effectively define the molecular fingerprints of a stroke. In this study, we utilized microarray gene expression data for the in silico discovery of novel key diagnostic markers which can be utilized for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.Methods and results We performed differential expression analysis and obtained 20 genes which have at least a two-fold change in the expression level. We also performed gene-disease association studies, functional categories enrichment and GO term enrichment analysis, tissue expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, interaction study of miRNAs that target identified biomarkers. The identified diagnostic markers were validated with the PubMed literature using publication enrichment analysis.Conclusions It was observed that most of the identified genes, including AKAP7, ARG1, S100A2, MMP9, TIMP, and CCR7 are markers for early or post-ischemic stroke.
Expression profile of circulating lncRNAs in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ruan Zhong-bao , Gongben Bing-di , Chen Ge-cai , Zhu Li
Published: October 2019

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. However, the exact pathophysiology and mechanisms about AF remains unclear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of almost all biological processes. However, relationships between AF and lncRNAs are still unknown.
Methods: The peripheral blood monocytes of a total of 20 patients with AF and 20 healthy subjects were collected for gene chip technology to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied for further verification. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes and related pathways.
Results: There were 19 lncRNAs differentially expressed (FC ≥ 2, p <0.05), of which 6 were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. Two of three upregulated lncRNAs (P=0.014 and 0.006 for HNRNPU-AS1and LINC00861, respectively) and two of three downregulated lncRNAs (P=0.028 and 0.032 for RP11-443B7.3 and CTD-2616J11.14, respectively) were randomly confirmed by RT‐PCR. And showed a significantly different expression with the RNA-seq results. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes enriched in differentially expressed transcripts in biological process were mainly involved in metabolic process, catabolic process and biosynthetic process. Differentially expressed transcripts in cellular component were mainly involved in nuclear lumen, organelle lumen and cytoplasm et al. Differentially expressed transcripts in molecular function were mainly involved in protein binding, RNA binding and molecular function et al. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that some of the enrichment pathways associated with differentially expressed lncRNAs include Calcium signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. HNRNPU-AS1 was the highest positive correlated lncRNA in the networks.
Conclusions: The expression of lncRNA in peripheral blood of AF patients is different from that of normal people. The physiological functions of these differentially expressed lncRNAs may be related to the pathogenesis of AF, which provide experimental basis and new therapeutic target for prognosis and treatment of patients with AF. HNRNPU-AS1 may play a important role in the pathophysiology and mechanisms of AF.