bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Home Based Nursing Care in Treatment of Hospital Acquired Pressure Ulcer (HAPU) in Participants Seeking Home Health Services: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Singh Punitha , Damodaran Deepti , Thukral Gaurav , P. C. Joseph
Published: June 2019

Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers (HAPU) are serious clinical complications that can lead to increased length of stay, pain, infection, and, potentially, death. Unfortunately, a large proportion of home care clients received from hospital present with pressure ulcer that varies from stage 1 to stage 4.  Home care nurses have an opportunity to manipulate favorably certain environmental factors that can prevent pressure ulcers from newly developing or to manage effective treatment plans for any stages ulcers which were present while onboarding.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, duration and outcome in terms of healing; worsening of pressure ulcers and the ones whose condition remained the same seeking home health services. The study also describes the home care nursing interventions done to minimize the risk of worsening of pressure ulcer.
MAMACITA FALA, VAGABUNDO SENTA
Authors: Afonso-Rocha Ricardo , Moura Melo Iago , Rosa dos Santos Celina
Published: June 2019

Neste trabalho, analisamos as letras de quatro canções da rapper Karol Conka, enquanto fenômeno de socialidade. O nosso objetivo é identificar, nessas músicas, elementos político-estéticos de notação contra-hegemônica. Como aporte teórico, os estudos sociológicos de Michel Maffesoli são tomados como instrumento de compreensão dos processos dinâmicos de construção identitária. Sugerimos, então, que a poética da rapper, nessas canções, possui perfil artivista, já que tensiona a norma estética padrão centrada no masculino, branco, cristão, burguês. A relevância teórica da pesquisa decorre do imperativo analítico de se compreender a estetização da vida como fenômeno de socialidade da mulher negra e periférica. A pertinência prática exterioriza-se na inevitabilidade, no contexto atual de popularização de discursos de ódio, da circulação de estudos contra-canônicos, como meios efetivos e afetivos de contestação e resistência. Para esta pesquisa, foram examinadas as músicas Tombei, É o poder, Lalá e Gandaia por serem mais emblemáticas para o presente estudo.
Alteration in the Native Proteolytic Activity in the Forest Soil after the Application of Phytohormones
Authors: Holik Ladislav , Vranová Valerie
Published: June 2019

Soil proteases are involved in the transformation of organic matter and thus influence the nutrient turnover in the ecosystem. Phytohormones, similarly to proteases, are synthesized and secreted into the soil by fungi and microorganisms and regulating their activity in the rhizosphere. The aim of our work was to find out how the presence of auxins, cytokinins, ethephone and chlorocholine chloride affects the activity of native soil proteases at the spruce tree stand. Auxins stimulated the native proteolytic activity in the spruce tree stand. Synthetic auxins most stimulated the activity of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and the naturally occurring auxins of indole-3-acetic acid in the organic horizon of the spruce forest. Cytokinins, ethephone and chlorocholine chloride inhibited the activity of native soil proteases in the spruce tree stand. The highest inhibitory effect was found in ethephone and chlorocholine chloride. Overall, the negative effect of phytohormones on the activity of the native proteolytic activity may slow down the decomposition of organic matter and thus make plant nutrition more difficult. The outcomes of our work assist with understanding of the effect of substances produced by the rhizosphere on the activity of soil microorganisms and the soil nitrogen cycle.
Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Model
Authors: Okada Seiji , Vaeteewootthacharn Kulthida , Kariya Ryusho
Published: June 2019

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patients’ tumor tissues into immunocompetent mice. Since PDX model keep the characteristics of primary patient’s tumor such as gene expression profiles and drug sensitivity, it now becomes most reliable in vivo human cancer model. The engraftment rate are increased with the introduction of NOD/Scid based immunocompromised mice, especially, NK cell defective NOD strains such as NOD/Scid/IL2Rγnu (NOG/ NSG) mice and NOD/Scid/Jak3null (NOJ) mice. Success ratio differs from the origin of tumor: Gastrointestinal tumors tend to higher success rate and breast cancer is lower. Subcutaneous transplantation is most popular method to establish PDX, but some tumor needs orthotropic or renal capsule transplantation, and human hormone treatment is needed to establish hormone dependent cancers such as prostate and breast cancer. PDX library with patient’s clinical data, gene-expression patterns, mutational status, drug responsiveness and tumor architecture will be the powerful tool for developing specific biomarker and novel individualized therapy and establishing precision cancer medicine.
An iterative scheme for feature-based positioning using a weighted dissimilarity measured
Authors: Zhou Caifa , Wieser Andreas
Published: June 2019

We propose an iterative scheme for feature-based positioning using a new weighted dissimilarity measure with the goal of reducing the impact of large errors among the measured or modeled features. The weights are computed from the location-dependent standard deviations of the features and stored as part of the reference fingerprint map (RFM). Spatial filtering and kernel smoothing of the kinematically collected raw data allow efficiently estimating the standard deviations during RFM generation. In the positioning stage, the weights control the contribution of each feature to the dissimilarity measure, which in turn quantifies the difference between the set of online measured features and the fingerprints stored in the RFM. Features with little variability contribute more to the estimated position than features with high variability. Iterations are necessary because the variability depends on the location, and the location is initially unknown when estimating the position. Using real WiFi signal strength data from extended test measurements with ground truth in an office building, we show that the standard deviations of these features vary considerably within the region of interest and are neither simple functions of the signal strength nor of the distances from the corresponding access points. This is the motivation to include the empirical standard deviations in the RFM. We then analyze the deviations of the estimated positions with and without the location-dependent weighting. In the present example the maximum radial positioning error from ground truth are reduced by 40% comparing to kNN without the weighted dissimilarity measure.
Effects of Fine-Mesh Exclusion Netting on Pests of Blackberry
Authors: Kuesel Ryan , Scott Hicks Delia , Archer Kendall , Sciligo Amber , Bessin Ricardo , Gonthier David
Published: June 2019

Fine-mesh exclusion netting is a potential alternative to organic and conventional insecticide application to control numerous pests of fruit crops. We tested whether fine-mesh exclusion netting would reduce pest abundance and increase marketable yield compared to organic spinosad insecticide sprays in an organically managed blackberry field. At the completion of flowering, we covered blackberry rows (N = 3) with fine-mesh exclusion netting (ProtekNet) and treated alternating rows (N = 3) with an organic spinosad insecticide (Entrust™). Fine-mesh exclusion reduced green June beetle (Cotinus nitida Linnaeus) and bird presence and marginally reduced Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) presence on blackberry canes compared to organic spinosad insecticide treatment. Exclusion netting reduced the capture of spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara; SWD) in baited traps in the fourth week of exclusion, and reduced the overall number of SWD adults emerging from harvested blackberry fruits. Marketable yield in the fine-mesh exclusion treatments was two times higher than the organic spinosad insecticide treatment. These results suggest that fine-mesh exclusion netting is a functional pest control alternative to organic insecticide treatment.
Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tada Akio , Miura Hiroko
Published: June 2019

Vitamin C is important in preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. Seventy hundred and sixteen articles were retrieved and fifteen articles (7 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control studies, 2 cohort studies, and 4 randomized controlled trial [RCT]) were selected by reviewing all articles. Vitamin C intake and blood level were negatively related to periodontal disease in all 7 cross-sectional studies. Subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented lower vitamin C intake and lower blood vitamin C level than subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. Patients with lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed greater progression of periodontal disease than did the controls. Intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to reduced risk of periodontal disease.
Dynamic Environmental Governance Enhanced Sustainable Biodiversity Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Md Rahimullah , E-Alam Md. Sher , Sayok Alexender Kiew
Published: June 2019

Governance is one of the most essential instruments for environmental management. Biodiversity is in the core field of environmental governance. Yet environmental authorities are persistently challenged the loss of biodiversity as a very important global issue for several years due to high dependent exposure to risks. The study attempts to relook at the key governance tools that strengthen policies towards managing biodiversity within and around the national park’s survey in Moulvibazar district. The study showed that biodiversity related legislation amended was the highest in Bangladesh for the period of 2010 to 2016. The growth of policy instruments maximized at but in low environmental governance services within the same period. The study assessed that the existing environmental policy instrument is inadequate and sluggish for effective conservation, compared with several others governance tools and various performances are still below par. Governance knowledge is indispensable for biodiversity management but such knowledge is poorly identified. These results reflect the importance of effective governance for transparency that the State provides. The research is to represent a dynamic and adaptable framework that can be applied for collective governance relevant to policy integration, participation and enforcement in order to foster environmental conservation sustainability.
Modelling Excess Mortality Among Breast Cancer Patients in the North East Region of Peninsular Malaysia, 2007-2011: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hanis Tengku Muhammad , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Mohd Hairon Suhaily , Abdullah Sarimah , Nordin Noorfariza , Abdullah Noor Hashimah , Md Ariffin Mohd Faiz
Published: June 2019

Measurement of breast cancer burden and identification of its influencing factors help in the development of public health policy and strategy against the disease. This study aimed to examine the variability of the excess mortality of female breast cancer patients in the North East Region of Peninsular Malaysia. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using breast cancer data from the Kelantan Cancer Registry between 2007 and 2011, and Kelantan general population mortality data. The breast cancer cases were followed up for five years until 2016. Out of 598 cases, 549 cases met the study criteria and were included in the analysis. Modelling of excess mortality was conducted using Poisson regression. Excess mortality of breast cancer varied according to age group (50 years old and below vs above 50 years old, Adj. EHR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.09; P=0.004), ethnicity (Malay vs non-Malay, Adj. EHR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.96; P=0.008), and stage (stage III and IV vs. stage I and II, Adj. EHR: 5.75; 95% CI: 4.24, 7.81; P<0.001). In conclusion, public health policy and strategy aim to improve cancer survival should focus more on patients presented at age below 50 years old, Malay ethnicity, and at a later stage.
Pursuing the potential of heirloom cultivars to improve adaptation, nutritional and culinary features in a changing climate
Authors: Dwivedi Sangam , Goldman Irwin , Ortiz Rodomiro
Published: June 2019

The burdens of malnutrition, protein and micronutrient deficiency, and obesity cause enormous costs to society. Crop nutritional quality has been compromised by the emphasis on edible yield and through the loss of biodiversity due to the introduction of high-yielding uniform cultivars. Heirloom crop cultivars are traditional cultivars grown for a long time (> 50 years), and whose heritage has been preserved by regional, ethnic or family groups. Heirlooms are recognized for their unique appearance, names, uses and historical significance. They are gaining in popularity because of their unique flavors and cultural significance to local cuisine, and their role in sustainable food production for small-scale farmers. As a contrast to modern cultivars, heirlooms may offer a welcome alternative in certain markets. Recently, market channels have emerged for heirloom cultivars in the form of farmer-breeder-chef collaborations and seed savers organizations. There is therefore urgent need to know more about the traits available in heirloom cultivars, particularly for productivity, stress tolerance, proximate composition, sensory quality and flavor. This information is scattered and the intention of this review is to document some of the unique characteristics of heirloom cultivars that may be channeled into breeding programs for developing locally adapted high value cultivars.
Characteristics of Fever and Response to Antipyretic Therapy in Military Personnel with Adenovirus Positive Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Park Chul
Published: June 2019

In 2014, the outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in Korean military training center. However, there is limited data on characteristics of fever and its response to antipyretics therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenoviral positive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Medical records of patients who were admitted to Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated demographics, clinico-laboratory findings and radiologic findings at admission were compared between adenovirus positive (Adv) group and adenovirus negative (non-Adv) group. Out of 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods, 67 were classified into Adv group while 184 were Non-Adv group. Patients with Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission and symptom onset. Adv group patients had a higher mean temperature at admission and more observed over 40 and 39 to 40℃. Adv group patients had more commonly observed no response to antipyretic treatment and adverse events after antipyretics use. Length of hospital stay had no significant difference between two groups and no patient died in both groups. In our study, Adv positive CAP in patients with immunocompetent military personnel had distinct characteristics of fever and response to antipyretic treatment.
Ouvindo silêncios: Daniel Hogan, o mundo rural e a natureza
Authors: Galizoni Flavia Maria , Ribeiro Eduardo Magalhães
Published: June 2019

A produção e as atitudes de Daniel Hogan (1942-2010) permanecem fundamentais para compreender as relações entre população e ambiente no rural brasileiro, especialmente no que diz respeito às grandes migrações, à urbanização acelerada e seus efeitos sobre o meio. Essas contribuições aparecem em estudos que pesquisaram silêncios – grandes lacunas que, até então, existiam na literatura. Assim, Hogan criou perspectivas analíticas inovadoras, que fortaleceram a capacidade de filtrar técnicas para orientar estudos.
An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus Type 8 in Primary School, Southwest China
Authors: Li Duo , Zhou Jie-Nan , Li Hong , He Cun-Ying , Dai Qing-Shan , Li Xiang-Lan , He Jian-Fang , He Hong , Li Ming-Bao , Jiang LI-Li , Chen Yao-Yao , Xu Wen
Published: June 2019

Background

Two outbreaks of acute conjunctivitis occurred successively with an interval of five days in two boarding primary schools in Weixi Lisu autonomous county, Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Yunnan. The aims of this study were to determine the intensity of and characteristics of outbreaks, as well as the clinical manifestation of patients and risk factors infected, and the pathogen causing two outbreaks.

Methods

An outbreak investigation and a case-control study were conducted in two primary schools. The relevant specimens were collected by case definition, Next generation sequencing was adopted to identify the pathogen, and the epidemiological investigation method was used to analyze the related epidemiological characteristics such as risk factors. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7.0.

Results

A total of 331 acute conjunctivitis cases, as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis probable cases, were reported in two schools and the attack rates were 30.59% (171/559, 95%CI: 26.76-34.42) and 20.41% (160/784, 95%CI: 17.58-23.24), respectively. Cases occurred in all grades and classes in both schools, and only one staff was ill in each school. Epidemic situations lasted for 54 days and 45 days, respectively. Epidemic curve of two breaks appearing two peaks indicated the mode of person-to-person transmission for two outbreaks. The patients had typical manifestations of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) such as acute onset, follicular hyperplasia, pseudomembrane formation, preauricular lymphadenopathy, corneal involvement and blurred vision, and the longer course of the disease (average 9.40 days, longest 23 days and shortest 7 days). The risk factor in infection was close contact with the patient or personal items contaminated by the patient. The pathogen caused the outbreaks is HAdV-8. The virus was highly homologous to the 2016 HAdV-8 strain in Tibet, China.

Conclusions

This study strongly suggests that HAdV-8 could lead to serious consequences. This is the second report of a HAdV-8 associated EKC outbreak in mainland of China. Tibetan HAdV-8 might be circulating in southwest China, it is necessary to monitor the pathogen of acute conjunctivitis in this area.
Comparing the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of propofol injection pain in adults: a prospective randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Zhu Xuqin , Jia Songlin , Xu Yajun , Sun Zhirong
Published: June 2019

Background

Propofol injection pain (PIP) is common and may decrease patient comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of PIP.

Methods

235 patients, who scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18-80 years and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I or II, were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 47 each). All patients were induced through the dor­sal hand vein or antecubital vein. The five groups were given the following medication intravenously: saline (Group I), lidocaine 20 mg (Group II), lidocaine 40 mg (Group III), dezocine 2 mg (Group IV) and dezocine 4 mg (Group V). Twenty seconds later all patients received a propofol infusion and were asked to grade pain or discomfort in the hand or forearm according to a four-point scale until anesthesia.

Results

Three groups showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group I: Group III (OR (Odds ratio): 0.39 (0.16, 0.93)); Group IV (OR: 0.21 (0.09, 0.51)) and Group V (OR: 0.12 (0.05, 0.30)). Group IV showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.32 (0.13, 0.77)). Group V showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.15 (0.06, 0.39)) or Group III (OR: 0.30 (0.13, 0.72)).

Conclusion

Dezocine is a novel agent to alleviate PIP and appears to be more effective than lidocaine.
Comparison of local infiltration anesthesia and mucous surface anesthesia in trans-rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy
Authors: Lin Sijie , Zang Zhijun , Lu Minhua , Wu Jieying , Li Xinghao , Fang Youqiang
Published: June 2019

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of local infiltration anesthesia and mucous surface anesthesia in patients undergoing trans-rectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS guided) prostate biopsy.
Methods: Patients with suspected prostate cancer undergoing TRUS guided prostate biopsy were randomly divided into two groups between January 2018 and March 2019. Local infiltration anesthesia was performed in the experimental group with lidocaine; while the control group was treated with mucous surface anesthesia. We collected baseline characteristics. Residual urine volume was measured twice: before biopsy, the first micturition after biopsy. Associated complications, positive rate of biopsy, visual analog pain scale (VAS) and Gleason score were recorded.
Results: The study included 78 patients. The pain score of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Experimental group had lower rate of urinary retention and catheterization. Both groups had similar positive rate of biopsy, residual urine volume, Gleason score, fever and so on.
Conclusion: Comparing with mucous surface anesthesia, local infiltration anesthesia relieved the pain better in patients undergoing TRUS guided prostate biopsy. It was more effective and safer.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Trial registration number (TRN): ChiCTR1800016424, Date of registration: 01/06/ 2018.
The effect of Baduanjin exercise for functional ankle instability rehabilitation: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Zhou Li , Ai Juanjuan , Li Kuangshi , Sun Yiting , Yan Ruyu , Lv Diyang , Li Zongheng
Published: June 2019

Background

Patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) have problems with joint control, balance, gait, and postural symmetry. Baduanjin is a type of traditional Chinese exercise, which has been shown to be effective for treating many diseases and symptoms. However, the effect of Baduanjin in patients with FAI has not been proved. This trial is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), its objective is to study the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin on the rehabilitation of patients with FAI.

Methods

Seventy-two participants, who are eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be randomized (in a 1:1 ratio) using a random numbers table into two groups: a Baduanjin group and a control group (subjected to conventional physical therapy). The Baduanjin group will be subjected to Baduanjin exercise in addition to the conventional physical therapy. The participants’ exercise will be implemented for 4 weeks (5 days a week). All the participants will be assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks’ treatment, and after 4 weeks’ treatment (after the intervention). The efficacy of Baduanjin will be assessed based on three types of outcome: (1) surface electromyography (sEMG) results of the bilateral erector spinae, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus; (2) balance function under different conditions; and (3) the severity of ankle instability in daily life, using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT).

Discussion

The aim of the trial is to study the effect and safety of Baduanjin in patients with FAI. The study findings may show whether Baduanjin could be used to complement medical FAI rehabilitation methods. The study findings could also highlight the importance of Baduanjin in promoting the bilateral symmetry of motor function.
Analgesic effect of the subcostal approach to transmuscular quadratus lumborum block in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Manhua , Qi Yong , He Huijuan , Lou Jinfeng , Pei Qingqing , Mei Yuliu
Published: June 2019

Background: Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is effective in providing analgesia for lower abdominal and hip surgeries. The subcostal approach to transmuscular QLB is a novel technique that alleviates abdominal wall and visceral pain by blocking the anterior branch of T6-L1 and the sympathetic nerve.
Methods: Sixty patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were randomly divided into the subcostal approach to QLB group (QLB group, n=30) and the control group (C group, n=30). All patients underwent ultrasound-guided subcostal approach to QLB in an ipsilateral parasagittal oblique plane at the L1–L2 level. The QLB group received 0.4 cc/kg of 0.3% ropivacaine, and the C group received 0.4 cc/kg of 0.9% saline. Postoperatively, a patient-controlled intravenous anesthesia device with sufentanil was attached to all the patients. The primary outcome was sufentanil consumption within the first 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes included the Ramsey sedation scale (RSS) and Bruggemann comfort scale (BCS) scores 6 h (T1), 12 h (T2), and 24 h (T3) after surgery, intraoperative remifentanil consumption, number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, time to recovery of intestinal function, mobilization time after surgery, and presence of side effects.
Results: Sufentanil consumption within the first 24 h after surgery was significantly lower in the QLB group than in the C group (mean [standard deviation]: 34.1 [9.9] ug vs 42.1 [11.6] ug, P=0.006). The RSS score did not differ between the two groups, and the BCS score of the QLB group at T1 and T2 time points was significantly higher than that of the C group (P＜0.05). The consumption of remifentanil intraoperatively and the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia was significantly lower in the QLB group (P＜0.05). Time to recovery of intestinal function and mobilization time after surgery were significantly earlier in the QLB group (P＜0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the QLB group (P＜0.05).
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided subcostal approach to QLB is an effective analgesic technique in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy as it reduces the consumption of sufentanil postoperatively.
Increased Shade Intensity and Afternoon Irrigation Decrease Anthracnose Severity on Three Euonymus fortunei Cultivars
Authors: Ningen Stephanie S. , Cole Janet C. , Smith Michael W. , Dunn Diane E. , Conway Kenneth E.
Published: June 2019

The effectiveness of shade intensity and time of day in which irrigation was applied were tested for control of anthracnose symptoms caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. on container-grown Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. `Canadale Gold', `Emerald 'n Gold', and `Emerald Gaiety' during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. Rooted cuttings in 3.8 L containers were placed in 0% (full sun), 63%, 73%, or 80% shade at Park Hill, Okla., in 2002 and 2003 and at Stillwater, Okla., in 2002. Overhead irrigation was used to irrigate one-half of the plants in each cultivar and shade treatment in the morning and the other one-half during the afternoon. At both sites, disease damage ratings were inversely related to shade intensity throughout each growing season. Disease incidence was usually lower on afternoon irrigated plants than on morning irrigated plants. `Canadale Gold' typically had the most anthracnose symptoms followed by `Emerald 'n Gold'. `Emerald Gaiety' had the least symptoms regardless of shade intensity or irrigation time.
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Accelerates Color Development and Promotes Shelf Life of Cranberries
Authors: Özgen Mustafa , Farag Karim M. , Ozgen Senay , Palta Jiwan P.
Published: June 2019

Highly colored cranberries are desired for both fresh and juice markets. Berries accumulate more color when allowed to stay on the vines longer. However, early fall frosts often force growers to harvest before the fruit has reached its optimal color. This is especially true for the berries under the canopy. No product is currently available for grower to accelerate the color development in cranberries. Result from recent studies suggests that a natural lipid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), can accelerate color production in fruit and, at the same time, promote shelf life. LPE is a natural lipid and is commercially derived from egg and soy lecithin. The influence of LPE on anthocyanin accumulation and storage quality of cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. `Stevens') was studied. Cranberry plants were sprayed with LPE at about 4 weeks before commercial harvest at multiple locations. Experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Fruit samples were taken at 2 and 4 weeks after spray application to determine the changes in the fruit color. Plots were wet harvested using a standard commercial method and stored in a commercial cold storage facility. Marketable fruit were evaluated at 1 and 2 months after cold storage to determine effect of LPE on shelf life of cranberries. In general, a preharvest application of LPE resulted in a 9% to 27% increase in fruit anthocyanin concentration compared to the control. LPE treatments also resulted in 8% to 12% increase in marketable fruit compared to the control following cold storage. Influence of LPE on fruit quality was more apparent after 1 month of storage. These results are consistent with the observed effects of LPE on tomatoes. Interestingly ethanol application also enhanced storage quality. Our results suggest that a preharvest application of LPE may have the potential to enhance color and prolong shelf life of cranberry fruit.
Flower Abscission and Induction in North American Ginseng with Ethephon
Authors: Fiebig Andrea E. , Proctor J.T.A. , Murr D.P. , Reeleder R.D.
Published: June 2019

Field experiments over 2 years were used to determine the effect of ethephon on: plant growth, weight of berries, proportion of red, green and immature berries, and root weight (economic yield) of 3-year-old north american ginseng plants (Panax quinquefolius L.). Ethephon sprays applied during bloom that thoroughly wetted the foliage and inflorescences immediately induced crop canopy descent (epinasty) exposing inflorescences and subsequently reducing plant height. Within a week the desired inflorescence and peduncle browning and flower drop took place. In each of four experiments ethephon, over the range 500 to 4000 mg·L-1, reduced berry weight and percent red berries, and increased the percent immature berries linearly. However, the responses to ethephon were variable. The highest concentration of 4000 mg·L-1 ethephon caused similar results in both years to the traditional practice of hand removal of inflorescences, but foliar reddening and some defoliation were observed. Buffering ethephon sprays at pH 2.6, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 gave similar results. The surfactant Tween 20 did not increase the effectiveness of the sprays. Generally, multiple applications of ethephon at lower concentrations were no more effective than comparable single higher concentration sprays. Carry-over effect of ethephon in the second year included crop stunting, an increase in root weight, and berry weights and berry color proportions similar to those plants on which hand removal was carried out in the first year. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Suppression of Ripening and Softening of `Galia' Melons by 1-Methylcyclopropene Applied at Preripe or Ripe Stages of Development
Authors: Ergun Muharrem , Jeong Jiwon , Huber Donald J. , Cantliffe Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

`Galia' (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L. Naud. `Galia') melons exhibit relatively short postharvest longevity, limited in large part by the rapid softening of this high quality melon. The present study was performed to characterize the physiological responses of `Galia' fruit harvested at green (preripe) and yellow (advanced ripening) stages and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) before storage at 20 °C. Treatment with 1.5 μL·L-1 1-MCP before storage delayed the climacteric peaks of respiration and ethylene production of green fruit by 11 and 6 d, respectively, and also significantly suppressed respiration and ethylene production maxima. Softening of both green and yellow fruit was significantly delayed by 1-MCP. During the first 5 d at 20 °C, the firmness of green control fruit declined 66% while 1-MCP-treated fruit declined 46%. By day 11, firmness of control and 1-MCP-treated green fruit had declined about 90% and 75%, respectively. The firmness of control yellow fruit stored at 20 °C declined 70% within 5 d while 1-MCP-treated fruit declined 30%. The 1-MCP-induced firmness retention was accompanied by significant suppression of electrolyte leakage of mesocarp tissue, providing evidence that membrane dysfunction might contribute to softening of `Galia' melons. The mesocarp of fruit harvested green and treated with 1-MCP eventually ripened to acceptable quality; however, under the treatment conditions (1.5 μL·L-1 1-MCP, 24 h) used in this study, irreversible suppression of surface color development was noted. The disparity in ripening recovery between mesocarp versus epidermal tissue was considerably less evident for fruit harvested and treated with 1-MCP at an advanced stage of development. The commercial use of 1-MCP with `Galia'-type melons should prove of immense benefit in long-term storage and/or export situations, and allow for retention of quality and handling tolerance for fruit harvested at more advanced stages of ripening.
Genetic Interactions of Pillar and Weeping Peach Genotypes
Authors: Werner Dennis J. , Chaparro Jose X.
Published: June 2019

Genetic interaction of the pillar (PI) and weeping (WE) growth habit genotypes was investigated in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Data from F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 families showed that PI (brbr) was epistatic to the expression of WE (plpl). A unique growth habit not previously described in peach, and referred to as arching (AR), was recovered in the F2 family. Arching trees showed an upright phenotype similar to Brbr heterozygotes, but had a distinct curvature in the developing shoots. Progeny testing of AR trees revealed their genotype is Brbrplpl.
Postbloom Humic- and Fulvic-based Zinc Sprays Can Improve Apple Zinc Nutrition
Authors: Neilsen G.H. , Hogue E.J. , Neilsen D. , Bowen P.
Published: June 2019

Zinc supplied as a fulvic-based Zn compound was absorbed and retranslocated to unsprayed new growth as effectively as zinc sulphate in apple seedlings of low Zn status grown hydroponically in the greenhouse. Similarly, fulvic- and humic-based compounds were as effective as zinc sulphate at improving short-term growth and Zn uptake into new tissues in Zn-deficient apple seedlings, with the best growth occurring at spray concentrations of Zn at 500 mg·L-1. Under field conditions, Zn concentration of peeled and washed `Jonagold' apples at harvest was increased, without phytotoxicity, by two or four postbloom sprays of fulvic Zn. It is therefore possible to use this material safely as an effective Zn-source after bloom. However the mobility of the foliar-applied Zn is limited and any yield response by treated apple orchards of marginal Zn nutrition is unlikely to occur in the short term (within two growing seasons).
Kentucky Bluegrass Response to Use of Aquatic Plants as a Soil Amendment
Authors: Fortuna A. , Rieke P.E. , Jacobs L.W. , Leinauer B. , Karcher D.E.
Published: June 2019

Rapid aquatic plant growth in Michigan's smaller lakes has reduced their navigability and recreational use. Harvested aquatic weeds have posed a new waste disposal issue for municipalities. Application of lake weeds as a soil amendment on area farms was viewed as a possible waste management option that might benefit local sod producers. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the amount of plant-available N (PAN) released from lake weed material, 2) determine the chemical composition of aquatic plant tissues and their effect on plant-available moisture, and 3) study turfgrass response to lake weed applications using the criteria of turfgrass quality, growth, and N uptake. Rates of lake weed refuse applied to field plots were 96, 161, and 206 Mg·ha-1. Two 47-day laboratory incubations were conducted with the same rates of refuse. Relative to biosolids, the metal content of the lake weeds was low and the nutrient content high. One megagram of lake weeds contained 0.37 kg of P and 2.5 kg of K. The decay constant for the C fraction in lake weeds was 8 to 10 days and 16 days for the N fraction. Estimates of the N supplied by lake weeds (570, 960, and 1200 kg PAN/ha) were based on data from C and N incubations. Application of lake weeds significantly increased plant-available soil moisture and significantly enhanced sod establishment and turf density, resulting in decreased weed pressure. However, excess N was present at higher application rates. Management concerns during the application of lake weeds should focus on nutrient loading and the timing of plant-available N release. Depending on methods of weed harvesting, we observed that large amounts of unwanted trash present in the plant biomass could discourage use by growers. Land application of lake weed refuse could ease waste disposal problems, reduce fertilizer inputs for sod growers, and improve the moisture status of sands. Further, this information can be of value to environmental regulatory agencies in determining safe and proper use of such waste materials.
`PMR Delicious 51': An Improved Open-pollinated Melon with Resistance to Powdery Mildew
Authors: Henning Mark J. , Munger Henry M. , Jahn Molly M.
Published: June 2019

`PMR Delicious 51' is a new and improved version of the `Delicious 51' eastern type melon (Cucumis melo L.). It was developed in the Department of Plant Breeding at the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station in Ithaca, N.Y. It is well adapted for northeastern U.S. conditions and shows potential for good adaptation in the northwest. It is well suited for home gardeners, market gardeners, and commercial growers who want to grow an open-pollinated (OP) melon. `PMR Delicious 51' has excellent resistance to powdery mildew races 1 and 2 (Podosphaera xanthi) and resistance to fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) race 2.
Molecular Characterization of Moroccan Fig Germplasm Using Intersimple Sequence Repeat and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers To Establish A Reference Collection
Authors: Khadari B. , Oukabli A. , Ater M. , Mamouni A. , Roger J.P. , Kjellberg F.
Published: June 2019

A study was conducted to identify genotypes present in a Moroccan fig germplasm collection and provide the first database for a reference collection in northern Morocco. In total, 75 fig samples were analyzed using 8 intersimple sequence repeat primers and 6 simple sequence repeat loci. From these samples, we identified 72 fig genotypes. In genetically heterogeneous cultivars, genotypes under the same denomination were distinguished by both molecular markers and pomological traits. Molecular analysis was used to classify the germplasm into 46 well-defined cultivars and 6 caprifig trees. The remaining genotypes were not clearly identified due to three cases of mislabeling and four cases of homonymy. No evidence was found for the occurrence of geographically widespread genotypes.
Response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata to Wound and Spray Inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Griffiths Phillip D. , Roe Cathy
Published: June 2019

Eighteen cabbage breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris following wound and spray inoculations at the juvenile and mature stages. Plants were evaluated using four inoculation procedures (juvenile wound, juvenile spray, mature wound, and mature spray) in replicated greenhouse and field experiments. The breeding lines Badger #16, Cornell 101, Cornell 102, NY 4002 and accession PI 426606 exhibited high levels of resistance following all inoculation procedures. `Silver Dynasty' was the most resistant commercial cultivar based on the four tests, yet ranked 12th following the juvenile wound inoculation. The juvenile spray inoculation had a high correlation with both wound and spray inoculations in field experiments (0.89 and 0.86, respectively); however, the juvenile wound inoculation did not correlate well with mature wound and spray inoculations (0.58 and 0.51, respectively). The results indicate that the juvenile wound inoculation is not the most appropriate approach for determining field resistance in Brassica oleracea, and that resistant material could be selected against using this approach. A high correlation between juvenile spray inoculation disease severity ratings and mature plant resistance indicates that plants can be evaluated effectively at the juvenile stage for mature plant resistance to black rot.
Kaolin-based Particle Film Has No Effect on Physiological Measurements, Disease Incidence or Yield in Peppers
Authors: Russo V.M. , Díaz-Pérez J.C.
Published: June 2019

Heat stress can limit yield in pepper (Capsicum spp.), generally through flower and fruit abortion. A kaolin-based particle film, originally developed to protect fruit trees from insects, has been found to reduce temperatures in tissues of plants. A kaolin-based particle film was tested to determine if it could be used to improve yields of pepper in Oklahoma and Georgia. In Oklahoma, seedlings of a bell pepper, `Jupiter', and a nonpungent jalapeño, `Pace 103', were transplanted at three progressively warmer planting dates from mid-May to mid-July 2002 and 2003, that would ensure that inflorescences would be subject to high day and night temperatures and treated with the kaolin-based particle film. Applications were begun as the first flowers were set and continued through the settings of the first three flushes of flowers on a three-times a week schedule, or on an as needed basis, to determine if the kaolin-based particle film improved yield. In Georgia, the bell peppers `Camelot' and `Heritage VR' were transplanted on 24 Apr. 2003, and treated with the kaolin-based particle film. In addition to yield, physiological measurements and disease incidences were recorded in Georgia. In both locations treatment with water only served as controls. In Georgia, the kaolin-based particle film had no significant effect on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration or leaf temperature, as measured at midday on clear days. In Oklahoma, planting bell pepper after 15 May is not recommended. Planting the nonpungent jalapeño after mid-June can reduce yields. The kaolin-based particle film did not affect yield at either location and is not recommended for use on peppers.
Genome‐Wide Association Mapping of Seedling Net Form Net Blotch Resistance in an Ethiopian and Eritrean Barley Collection
Authors: Adhikari Anil , Steffenson Brian J. , Smith Madeleine J. , Dill‐Macky Ruth
Published: June 2019

The net form of net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), is an economically important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that is best managed by breeding for resistance. Previous linkage mapping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in barley. Here we report eight novel resistance QTL identified in a unique collection of barley landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea (EEBC) using a GWAS approach. Lines from the EEBC were genotyped with the Illumina barley iSelect chip and phenotyped with four Ptt isolates. A GWAS was conducted using the efficient mixed model association (EMMA) method with principal components and kinship to control false positives. Using a significance threshold of false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05, two marker–trait associations (MTAs) were found on chromosomes 6H and 5H, respectively. Since this is a stringent method, markers in the lower 0.1 percentile of the p value distribution were also considered significant, identifying 20 unique MTAs. The 20 MTAs corresponded to 15 unique genomic loci, based on analysis of local linkage disequilibrium. Of the 15 QTL identified, one was identified in chromosome 1H, six in 2H, three each in 3H and 5H, and two in 6H. Eight of these QTL appear to be novel and thus could be of value to barley breeding programs to introgress novel net blotch resistance.
Desempenho Operacional e Acionário das Ofertas Públicas Subsequentes de Ações
Authors: Machado Márcio André Veras , Silva Suelle Carielle de Souza , Sousa Evemilia
Published: June 2019

Este artigo teve por objetivo investigar se houve mudanças no desempenho operacional e acionário das empresas listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão), no período de 2004 a 2011, após a realização de ofertas públicas subsequente de ações (SEO's). Para tanto, foram realizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos de diferenças de médias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que existe diferença no desempenho operacional entre o período que antecede e sucede a SEO, bem como entre o das emissoras e não emissoras. Quanto ao desempenho acionário, verificou-se que existe diferença um ano antes e após a SEO e quatro anos antes e após a oferta subsequente de ações. Verificou-se, ainda, que não existe diferença no desempenho acionário das empresas emissoras de SEO's com o das não emissoras, possivelmente devido ao fato de que, no cenário brasileiro, há poucas ofertas públicas de ações, ficando a análise restrita apenas às empresas representativas no mercado de ações, Ademais, não existe diferença entre o desempenho acionário das empresas pequenas (grandes) que realizaram SEO e o desempenho das empresas pequenas (grandes) que não realizaram SEO. Por fim, identificou-se, por meio de dados em painel, que não existe relação entre o retorno das ações pós SEO com o crescimento passado da empresa.