bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theorizing Diversity in Management Studies: New Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Post Corinne , Muzio Daniel , Sarala Riikka , Wei Liqun , Faems Dries
Published: October 2021

In this introductory article for the special issue of Journal of Management Studies, entitled ‘Diversity perspective in management: Towards more complex conceptualizations of diversity in management studies’, we highlight thematic research avenues that emerged out of the set of studies accepted for publication. Recognizing that even a set of articles as diverse as those in this special issue cannot realistically represent all new research directions in a field, we identify developing areas in diversity research and call out additional avenues for research. We hope our commentary inspires scholars to unveil new understandings of how diversity affects our organizational and work lives and can contribute to making the world a better place.
The management experiences, needs and preferences of individuals seeking care for persistent intra‐articular temporomandibular disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Dinsdale Alana , Forbes Roma , Thomas Lucy , Treleaven Julia
Published: October 2021

Background

Little is known about the management experiences, needs and preferences of individuals seeking care for persistent intra‐articular temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Investigating these experiences may improve understanding of the impact management has on individuals, and factors that shape these experiences. This information may advance current practice and guide future management of individuals with intra‐articular TMD.

Objectives

To investigate the management experiences, needs and preferences of individuals with persistent intra‐articular TMD.

Methods

A qualitative study was performed. Thirteen eligible participants (mean age 32.7 years, 12 female) were recruited via purposive sampling, and interviewed using a semi‐structured framework. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

Four themes were established from interview data: (i) searching for help; (ii) wanting answers; (iii) wanting to regain control; and (iv) meeting needs, preferences and expectations, and the implications on care. Numerous factors influenced the experiences of those seeking care, including the ability to navigate care and management expectations. Specific to intra‐articular TMD, the absence of pain made seeking care harder, and often, patients perceived neglect of mechanical symptoms by healthcare practitioners, which negatively impacted care. Often, those wanting management expressed the need for answers and to regain control over their jaw symptoms.

Conclusions

Strategies to improve healthcare navigation are needed for those wanting help for intra‐articular TMD. Within management, a person‐centred approach is encouraged. Practitioners should respect individuals' specific needs and preferences, and address underlying management expectations, to facilitate positive care experiences. Consideration of symptoms other than pain in intra‐articular TMD populations is paramount.
Patients' with chronic kidney disease and their relatives' perspectives on advance care planning: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Frandsen Christina E. , Dieperink Hans , Detering Karen , Agerskov Hanne
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Advance care planning is a process that supports adults of any age and stage of illness in understanding and sharing their values, life goals, and preferences regarding medical care. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and lifelong disease. Close relatives often represent patients' most important support. Advance care planning is recommended to be a continuous part of a person's ongoing treatment and is not solely related to end‐of‐life care. However, no studies have focused on advanced care planning for patients with chronic kidney disease earlier than the onset of a terminal illness.

Aim

The aim is to describe experiences of and perspectives on advance care planning among patients with chronic kidney disease and their close relatives.

Methods

We conducted a meta‐ethnography of studies that used individual, dyad, and focus group interviews. We searched five electronic databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus and reference lists of relevant articles.

Results

Seven articles were included. Participants had a need for advance care planning to make shared decisions about treatment and everyday life. The responsibility for initiating advance care planning lay with the healthcare professionals. Differences between advance care planning goals among patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals complicated the advance care planning process. A focus on day‐to‐day care at the expense of focusing on advance care planning gave an impression of a lack of competencies and interest. For some patients, the involvement of relatives was of significant value; however, it could be associated with burden and pressure.

Conclusion

Patients with chronic kidney disease and their families have a need for early advance care planning before dialysis or transplantation is initiated, so as to facilitate shared decision‐making related to treatment options and everyday life. It is important that patients, their relatives, and healthcare professionals share the same advance care planning goals, to get sufficient discussions and thus, achieve clarity about prognosis, medical care, and the illness trajectory.
Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4‐Day School Weeks
Authors: Tomayko Emily J. , Thompson Paul N. , Smith Madeleine C. , Gunter Katherine B. , Schuna John M.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Four‐day school week (FDSW) use has increased substantially among US districts in recent years, but limited data exist on health impacts of this school schedule. This study examined associations of reduced school exposure via FDSWs with adolescent health and risk behaviors, obesity, and food security.

METHODS

Self‐report data from 8th‐ and 11th‐grade students from the Oregon Healthy Teens survey across 5 survey years (odd years 2007‐2015, total N = 91,860‐104,108 respondents depending on the survey question) were linked to a FDSW indicator. Regression analyses controlling for student and school characteristics compared outcomes between students in 4‐ and 5‐day schools overall (without school fixed effects) and outcomes associated with switching to a FDSW (with school fixed effects).

RESULTS

When controlling for multiple student‐ and school‐level factors, we observed adolescents in FDSW schools report they consume sugar sweetened beverages more frequently and water less frequently, have access to fewer days of physical education, are more likely to be food insecure, and are more likely to report the use of any drugs and specifically marijuana than 5‐day school week students.

CONCLUSIONS

Limiting exposure to the school environment via FDSWs may impact adolescent health behaviors, including diet, physical activity, and drug use.
Right to Information for People with Intellectual Disability in Australian Mental Health Policy
Authors: Newman Bronwyn , Fisher Karen R , Trollor Julian
Published: October 2021

Background

People with intellectual disability do not have adequate access to mental health services and have worse mental health outcomes than the broader community. Access to information about mental health, treatment, and services has been advocated as one strategy to address these inequities. This article presents findings from a policy analysis of how the right to accessible information is represented in Australian mental health policy, with a focus on information access for people with intellectual disability.

Method

An analysis of Australian and New South Wales state policies relevant to mental health services 2007–2017, in current use and available online (49 documents) was conducted. Principles in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability 2006 and an integrated health literacy framework were used to frame a content analysis. NVivo 11 (QSR 2015) was used to search the policy documents and themes were identified according to the policy type and purpose.

Findings

The right to information is expressed in Australian and New South Wales state policy documents. However, the mental health policies do not refer to the communication needs of people with intellectual disability or incorporate strategies to address their needs. Many of the mental health policy directives incorporate the need for tailored communication. Some documents mention the needs of other groups of people with specific communication needs, but not people with intellectual disability.

Implications

The inconsistency between the right to information expressed in policies and processes to communicate information with people who have intellectual disability needs to be addressed. The longstanding disparities in health outcomes, and difficulties accessing mental health service experienced by many people with intellectual disability underline the pressing need for policy to require accessible information practices.
Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)
Authors: Kretsch Cileah M. , Chigerwe Munashe
Published: October 2021

Background

Urolithiasis in small ruminants has a poor long‐term prognosis, and long‐term clinical outcomes are variable and unpredictable.

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations in predicting a negative outcome in goats undergoing tube cystostomy.

Animals

Thirty‐four male goats undergoing tube cystostomy.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records of goats undergoing tube cystostomy from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical variables recorded included signalment, procedures before surgery, urolith location and type, duration of hospitalization, and heart rate. PCV, plasma total protein, potassium, preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations, preoperative and postoperative creatinine concentrations, and relative changes in blood l‐lactate and creatinine concentrations over time were measured using heparinized blood. A negative outcome was defined as death or euthanasia from urolithiasis complications at 6 months after discharge. Negative outcomes as a function of independent clinical variables were evaluated using χ2or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression.P < .05 was considered significant.

Results

Median (95% confidence interval) preoperative, postoperative, and the relative change over time of blood l‐lactate concentrations were 3.3 mmol/L (2.2, 4.8), 1.0 mmol/L (0.7, 1.3), and 0.4 mmol/L (−3.5, 3.2), respectively. Preoperative (P = 1), postoperative (P = .14), and the relative change over time (P = .63) of blood l‐lactate concentrations were not significant predictors of a negative outcome. Furthermore, all other clinical variables measured were not significant predictors of a negative outcome (P > .05).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Veterinarians should advise clients that clinical outcomes after tube cystostomy in goats are likely unpredictable.
Anticoagulant profile of subcutaneous enoxaparin in healthy dogs
Authors: Frum Julianna , Havill Katie , Andrews Caroline , Langston Cory , Brooks Marjory B. , Archer Todd , Mackin Andrew , Thomason John
Published: October 2021

Our study objective was to identify a subcutaneous enoxaparin dosage that provided a consistent anticoagulant intensity in dogs. Our hypotheses were that a dose of 0.8 mg/kg would provide inconsistent anticoagulation, a higher dose would provide consistent anticoagulation over a greater duration of time, and viscoelastometry would effectively monitor the anticoagulant status. Six healthy dogs received two subcutaneous enoxaparin doses (0.8 and 2 mg/kg) for anti‐Xa activity determinations and pharmacokinetic modeling. Based on calculations derived from these results, 1.3 mg/kg, SC, q8 h was administered for seven doses. Target ranges for anticoagulant intensity were defined as anti‐Xa activity of 0.5–1 U/ml, and change from baseline of two viscoelastometric parameters: activated clotting time (ΔACT; ≥40 s), and clot rate (CRpost; ≤20 U/min). Following an initial injection at 1.3 mg/kg, anti‐Xa activity of 5/6 dogs reached or exceeded the target range. Following the final dose, anti‐Xa activity reached or exceeded the target range in all dogs, and ΔACT and CRpost values exceeded target for 2–6 and 4–12 h, respectively. At an enoxaparin dosage of 1.3 mg/kg, SC, q8 h, anti‐Xa activity was consistently above the minimum threshold of the target range; however, the safety of this dosage remains to be determined.
Equally weighted multivariate optimization of feeding rate for sub‐yearling great sturgeon (Huso huso) using desirability function model
Authors: Mani Amir , Ebrahimi Eisa
Published: October 2021

Due to a lack of accurate information for appropriate sturgeon nutrition management, this study was conducted to determine the optimum feeding rate for sub‐yearling great sturgeons (Huso huso) with an average initial weight of 94.01 ± 4.36 g using the desirability function model. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days after acclimatization. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six different feeding rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% of body weight day−1) and three replicates for each feeding level. Daily diet of each experimental tank was divided into three different meals. The average water flow rate for each experimental tank was 1.5 L min−1 and the water temperature was adjusted to 22.7 ± 1.1.4 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on multivariate optimization of feeding rate based on both specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio by the desirability function model. Obtained results indicate that optimum specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and economic efficiency for sub‐yearling great sturgeons with a weight range of 94.01 ± 4.36 g up to 350.25 ± 13.18 g occurred at a feeding rate of 1.89% body weight day−1.
Nicotiana benthamiana asparagine synthetase associates with IP‐L and confers resistance against tobacco mosaic virus via the asparagine‐induced salicylic acid signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Changyun , Tian Shaorui , Lv Xing , Pu Yundan , Peng Haoran , Fan Guangjin , Ma Xiaozhou , Ma Lisong , Sun Xianchao
Published: October 2021

Asparagine synthetase is a key enzyme that catalyses the conversion of amide groups from glutamine or ammonium to aspartate, which leads to the generation of asparagine. However, the role of asparagine synthetase in plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a Nicotiana benthamiana asparagine synthetase B (NbAS‐B) that associates with tomato mosaic virus coat protein‐interacting protein L (IP‐L) using the yeast two‐hybrid assay and examined its role in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance. The association of IP‐L with NbAS‐B was further confirmed by in vivo co‐immunoprecipitation, luciferase complementation imaging, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. IP‐L and NbAS‐B interact in the nucleus and cytosol and IP‐L apparently stabilizes NbAS‐B, thus enhancing its accumulation. The expressions of IP‐L and NbAS‐B are continuously induced on TMV‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection. Co‐silencing of IP‐L and NbAS‐B facilitates TMV‐GFP infection. Overexpression of NbAS‐B in tobacco reduces TMV‐GFP infection by significantly improving the synthesis of asparagine. Furthermore, the external application of asparagine significantly inhibits the infection of TMV‐GFP by activating the salicylic acid signalling pathway. These findings hold the potential for the future application of asparagine in the control of TMV.
Autonomic manifestations in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Takamatsu Koutaro , Nakane Shunya
Published: October 2021

Autoimmune encephalitis represented by anti‐NMDA receptor antibody positive encephalitis is a type of nonherpetic limbic encephalitis, and it is well known that emotional and memory disorders manifest as limbic symptoms. However, it should be noted that autonomic dysfunction is also an important symptom of limbic system dysfunction. Autonomic manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis include not only general physical symptoms such as high fever, sweating, and bladder and rectal disorders, but also life‐threatening symptoms such as large fluctuations in blood pressure and pulse, and central apnea, which require treatment in the intensive care unit. This review outlines autoimmune encephalitis with autonomic symptoms and summarizes reports on each antibody that causes autoimmune encephalitis.
Anxiety and psychosocial impact during coronavirus disease 2019 in home dialysis patients
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Alqarni Khaled A. , McGrath‐Chong Margaret E. , Bargman Joanne M. , Chan Christopher T.
Published: October 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐Cov‐2) resulting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is documented to have a negative psychosocial impact on patients. Home dialysis patients may be at risk of additional isolating factors affecting their mental health. The aim of this study is to describe levels of anxiety and quality of life during the COVID‐19 pandemic among home dialysis patients. This is a single‐centre survey of home dialysis patients in Toronto, Ontario. Surveys were sent to 98 home haemodialysis and 43 peritoneal dialysis patients. Validated instruments (Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Item [GAD7] Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9], Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale, Family APGAR Questionnaire and The Self Perceived Burden Scale) assessing well‐being were used. Forty of the 141 patients surveyed, participated in September 2020. The mean age was 53.1 ± 12.1 years, with 60% male, and 85% home haemodialysis, 80% of patients rated their satisfaction with dialysis at 8/10 or greater, 82% of respondents reported either “not at all” or “for several days” indicating frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms, 79% said their illness minimally or moderately impacted their life, 76% of respondents were almost always satisfied with interactions with family members, 91% were never or sometimes worried about caregiver burden. Among our respondents, there was no indication of a negative psychosocial impact from the pandemic, despite the increased social isolation. Our data further supports the use of home dialysis as the optimal form of dialysis.
Phenological displacement is uncommon among sympatric angiosperms
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Breckheimer Ian K. , Ellison Aaron M. , Lyra Goia M. , Davis Charles C.
Published: October 2021

Interactions between species can influence successful reproduction, resulting in reproductive character displacement, where the similarity of reproductive traits – such as flowering time – among close relatives growing together differ from when growing apart. Evidence for the overall prevalence and direction of this phenomenon, and its stability under environmental change, remains untested across large scales.

Using the power of crowdsourcing, we gathered phenological information from over 40 000 herbarium specimens, and investigated displacement in flowering time across 110 animal‐pollinated species in the eastern USA.

Overall, flowering time displacement is not common across large scales. However, displacement is generally greater among species pairs that flower close in time, regardless of direction. Furthermore, with climate change, the flowering times of closely related species are predicted, on average, to shift further apart by the mid‐21st century.

We demonstrate that the degree and direction of phenological displacement among co‐occurring closely related species pairs varies tremendously. However, future climate change may alter the differences in reproductive timing among many of these species pairs, which may have significant consequences for species interactions and gene flow. Our study provides one promising path towards understanding how the phenological landscape is structured and may respond to future environmental change.
Development of communication tool for resident‐ and family‐led care discussions in long‐term care through patient and family engagement
Authors: Cranley Lisa , Sivakumaran Gajan , Helfenbaum Shoshana , Galessiere Daniel , Meyer Raquel , Duggleby Wendy , McGillis Hall Linda , McGilton Katherine S.
Published: October 2021

Background

Effective communication between residents (older adults), families, and the healthcare team supports person‐centred care. However, communication breakdowns can occur that can impact care and outcomes. The aim of this paper is to describe a feedback approach to developing a communication tool for residents and families to guide information sharing during care discussions with the healthcare team in long‐term care.

Methods

Development of the communication tool included consultation with key stakeholders for their feedback and input. Following initial development of the tool template by our research team, we invited feedback from our study collaborators. Next, individual interviews and a focus group were conducted with family members, followed by individual interviews with selected residents from two long‐term care homes in Ontario, Canada. Participants were asked to provide input and feedback on the tool's content and usability and to share ideas for improving the tool. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview data.

Results

Feedback from residents and family included suggestions to enhance the tool's content and use of plain language, and suggestions for potential application of the tool.

Conclusion

Feedback highlighted the value of engaging residents and family members in the development of a communication tool. The communication tool offers a structured format to support participation of residents and families in information sharing for care discussions with the healthcare team.
Going through a rough patch: Oral adverse effects of secukinumab
Authors: Yogarajah Sangeetha , Mahendran Krishantini , Barker Jonathan , Setterfield Jane , Carey Barbara
Published: October 2021

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) clinically presents with white plaques involving the post‐commissural buccal mucosa and less frequently, the tongue. Common risk factors include xerostomia, smoking, post‐chemotherapy or radiotherapy, antibiotic use, vitamin deficiency and immunosuppression. Here, we present a case of CHC secondary to secukinumab. A 38‐year‐old man presented with a 6‐month history of asymptomatic white plaques involving the lateral tongue and buccal mucosa. The medical history included chronic plaque psoriasis controlled with secukinumab 300 mg monthly, initiated 6 months prior to presentation. Intraoral examination revealed dense homogenous keratosis involving the right and left posterior lateral tongue and posterior buccal mucosa. Histopathological examination was consistent with chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Special stains for fungal hyphae were positive. In situ hybridization for EBV were negative. Serology was negative for HIV. He was managed with fluconazole 100 mg daily for 1 week and placed on a prophylactic antifungal regime of chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash to reduce overall Candida load; however, the white plaques remained unchanged. He subsequently discontinued secukinumab and switched to certolizumab, resulting in complete resolution of oral candidiasis. In psoriasis, dysfunction in the cytokine pathway results in excessive production of IL‐17A. Secukinumab, a next‐generation anti‐IL‐17A biologic, is being used more commonly to manage moderate–severe plaque psoriasis. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of development of candidiasis as a potential complication of secukinumab due to the concurrent role of IL‐17 in innate and adaptive immunity against Candida. Early recognition of oral Candida lesions with diagnostic biopsy is paramount to exclude dysplasia.
Systemic immune‐inflammation index as a tool for predicting the need for a permanent pacemaker in patients with drug‐induced atrioventricular block
Authors: Şenöz Oktay , Erseçgin Ahmet
Published: October 2021

Background

Drug‐induced atrioventricular block (AVB) is generally considered reversible and does not require a permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM). However, some studies have demonstrated a failure of AVB cessation even when the inducing agent has been discontinued. This study has investigated the use of systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) to predict irreversible drug‐induced AVB after drug discontinuation.

Method

Files of patients with high‐degree AVB that required a temporary pacemaker (TPM) were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty‐three patients in which AVB was drug‐induced were included in the study. The patients were divided into the following two groups: (1) those whose AVB reversed after discontinuation of the related drug, and (2) those in which AVB did not reverse.

Results

AVB reversed in 24 patients (38%) after the inducing agent was discontinued while in the remaining 39 patients (62%) PPM was required. The most common drugs to induce AVB were beta‐blockers (n = 46, 73%). Follow‐up time with TPM was significantly longer in the irreversible group (2.91 ± 1.05 days vs. 4.94 ± 2.15 days, p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SII (odds ratio [OR] = 1.002; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.003; p = .01) was an independent predictor of the requirement for a PPM. An SII > 752.05 was found to be a predictor of irreversible AVB requiring PPM with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 75% (receiving‐operating characteristics [ROC] area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.704, 95% CI = 0.570–0.838, p = .007).

Conclusion

Approximately 2/3 of drug‐induced high‐degree AVBs are irreversible. SII is an easily available and cheap inflammatory biomarker that can be used to predict irreversible AVB.
Organizing e‐participation: Challenges stemming from the multiplicity of actors
Authors: Randma‐Liiv Tiina
Published: October 2021

Multiple actors involved in the provision of e‐participation initiatives add to the complexity of organizational design and blur accountability and ownership relations. This study addresses the following research questions: How are different organizations and their units involved in the supply of e‐participation initiatives? How does the multiplicity of actors affect cross‐boundary collaboration, ownership, and accountability relations in the implementation of e‐participation initiatives? The empirical analysis is based on comparative case studies on e‐participation platforms in seven European countries. The case studies indicate that cross‐organizational issues—ownership and accountability, in particular—have often been insufficiently addressed during the development of e‐participation initiatives. Ambiguous ownership and diffused accountability are particularly challenging in the cases of multilevel governance and in “bottom‐up” e‐participation initiatives. The “distance” between the unit responsible for the administration of an e‐participation initiative and the decision‐makers appears to be a critical factor for the functioning of the platforms.
Continuous ultrasound‐guided sacral intervertebral block for postoperative analgesia in neonates
Authors: Visoiu Mihaela , Nubani Lu'ay , Nicolay Michael Dustin
Published: October 2021

A sacrococcygeal teratoma and a sacral agenesis represent a contraindication to a caudal block. We report two cases where the optimal use of ultrasound helped place a sacral intervertebral catheter in two neonates. Radiological and ultrasound studies of the sacrum and spine should be available before performing the procedure.
Bt cotton area contraction drives regional pest resurgence, crop loss, and pesticide use
Authors: Lu Yanhui , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , Yang Long , Liu Bing , Zeng Juan , Jiang Yuying , Desneux Nicolas , Zhang Wei , Wu Kongming
Published: October 2021

Genetically‐modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins have been widely cultivated, permitting an effective non‐chemical control of major agricultural pests. While their establishment can enable an area‐wide suppression of polyphagous herbivores, no information is available on the impact of Bt crop abandonment in entire landscape matrices. Here, we detail a resurgence of the cosmopolitan bollworm Helicoverpa armigera following a contraction of Bt cotton area in dynamic agro‐landscapes over 2007–2019 in North China Plain. An 80% reduction in Bt cotton was mirrored in a 1.9‐fold increase of ambient H. armigera population levels, culminating in 1.5–2.1‐fold higher yield loss and a 2.0–4.4‐fold increase in pesticide use frequency in non‐Bt crops (i.e. maize, peanut, soybean). Our work unveils the fate of herbivorous insect populations following a progressive dis‐use of insecticidal crop cultivars, and hints at how tactically deployed Bt crops could be paired with agro‐ecological measures to mitigate the environmental footprint of crop production.
The role of roots and rhizosphere in providing tolerance to toxic metals and metalloids
Authors: Podar Dorina , Maathuis Frans J. M.
Published: October 2021

Human activity and natural processes have led to the widespread dissemination of metals and metalloids, many of which are toxic and have a negative impact on plant growth and development. Roots, as the first point of contact, are essential in endowing plants with tolerance to excess metal(loid) in the soil. The most important root processes that contribute to tolerance are: adaptation of transport processes that affect uptake efflux and long‐distance transport of metal(loid)s; metal(loid) detoxification within root cells via conjugation to thiol rich compounds and subsequent sequestration in the vacuole; plasticity in root architecture; the presence of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere that impact on metal(loid) bioavailability; the role of root exudates. In this review, we provide details on these processes and assess their relevance on the detoxification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and zinc in crops. Furthermore, we assess which of these strategies have been tested in field conditions and whether they are effective in terms of improving crop metal(loid) tolerance.
Non‐myeloablative umbilical cord blood transplantation for atypical dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Gibson Amber , Ragoonanan Dristhi , Tewari Priti , Petropoulos Demetrios , Rodriguez Nidra , DiNardo Courtney , Mahadeo Kris M. , Khazal Sajad
Published: October 2021

Background

Short telomere syndrome (STS) in children may result in phenotypically heterogenous clinical spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic to typical dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Patients with this cancer predisposition syndrome may have multiple organ dysfunctions including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and bone marrow failure. Not all mutations in telomerase or telomere genes have been identified, and STS may pose a diagnostic and management challenge.

Methods

A retrospective chart review and literature search were done for this report.

Results

Here, we report a case of atypical DC with a heterozygous germline missense mutation in the postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) gene, exon 5, (c.466A>G (p. Thr156Ala)). The PMS2 (a mismatch repair protein) gene is known to be an important mediator of telomere‐induced aging. The patient was transfusion dependent and underwent successful umbilical cord blood transplant using a non‐myeloablative regimen with alemtuzumab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation.

Conclusion

In this case of atypical DC with a previously unreported germline missense mutation in PMS2, the patient was successfully treated with an umbilical cord blood transplant with a non‐myeloablative regimen.
A familiar dilemma for the subset theory of realization
Authors: Rellihan Matthew
Published: October 2021

I argue that the subset theory of property realization cannot account for both the multiple realizability and causal efficacy of mental properties. It avoids the threat of causal exclusion by identifying every power of a realized property with some power of its realizer, but this entails that the different realizers of a multiply realizable property share their causal powers, and this just isn't so. A counterexample is produced as evidence. Thus, in its original form, the theory fails to account for the multiple realizability of mental properties. The theory can be amended to account for multiple realizability, but these amendments undermine its account of mental causation and thereby reintroduce the problem of causal exclusion. The subset theory is thus caught between the horns of a familiar dilemma for physicalist theories of mind.
UVB phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo: State of the art and clinical perspectives
Authors: Bouceiro Mendes Rita , Alpalhão Miguel , Filipe Paulo
Published: October 2021

Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary skin disorder that results in white, hypopigmented macules and patches. It causes a considerable psychological and emotional burden on the affected individuals and their families. Several therapeutic options have been employed in vitiligo including topical and oral drugs, surgical techniques, and phototherapy which is considered the cornerstone treatment. Different wavelengths and modalities are available, but narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB) is considered the safest and the most effective phototherapy alternative. NB‐UVB acts on multiple steps in vitiligo pathogenesis, and it is capable of inducing stabilization and repigmentation of vitiligo lesions. Technological advances have led to the development of both new phototherapy devices and new medical and surgical therapeutic options that can be combined with phototherapy to achieve optimal results. There is no standard treatment, and individual patient and disease characteristics should be considered. We review the current evidence in what concerns UVB phototherapy for vitiligo treatment, including novel combination treatments that may help to provide the best care for these patients.
Dynamic Pricing with Money‐Back Guarantees
Authors: Liu Yan , Chen Ningyuan
Published: October 2021

Money‐back guarantees (MBGs), which allow customers to return products that do not meet their expectations, are widely used in the retail industry. In this study, we study a retailer's MBG policy with dynamic pricing of limited inventory. A key decision for the retailer is to decide whether to offer MBGs. When the product can be returned instantly, we find that the optimal MBG policy is a simple threshold policy: given the inventory level, it is optimal to offer an MBG if and only if the remaining selling time is longer than a threshold. Moreover, the threshold is decreasing with the inventory level. We also address the problem of dynamic pricing with positive return times. Due to the complexity, we analyze the associated fluid model, which has an infinite number of constraints. We consider a series of relaxations that have a nested structure and use the Lagrangian approach to explicitly solve these relaxed problems. This allows us to develop an iterative approach that is guaranteed to solve the fluid model in finite iterations. Our numerical analysis shows that the deterministic solution is asymptotically optimal for the stochastic system.
Fast Fashion, Charities, and the Circular Economy: Challenges for Operations Management
Authors: Zanjirani Farahani Reza , Asgari Nasrin , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: October 2021

Textile waste is one of the most pollutant items globally, being strongly affected by fast fashion (FF) products. Public pressure has made many FF firms voluntarily collect a small fraction of their preowned items and export them to developing countries for reuse. However, some developing countries are launching import bans on second‐hand clothes. In addition, FF firms may soon be forced by extended producer responsibility legislation to collect more preowned items for reuse and recycling. To date, they do not have sufficient capacity to deal with this. Charities have been the key collectors and recyclers of unwanted clothes. Therefore, charities could help FF firms increase their capacity in this reverse supply chain (SC). However, we hardly witness such a collaboration for two main reasons: (i) charities prefer to sell high‐quality preowned items in the primary market to generate the highest possible revenue and FF firms may fear cannibalization, (ii) many charities believe that FF firms generate quantities of low‐quality items that require collection and sorting while being difficult to sell in the primary market. Charities also face competition from many small for‐profit organizations selling FF preowned items. While charities have the support of volunteers, they tend to be less efficient. This work urges Operations Management (OM) researchers to suggest innovative business models to help (i) FF firms and charities collaborate to solve the abovementioned issues, and (ii) charities to improve their traditional practices for competitiveness. This study is primarily a position paper highlighting some challenges and introducing interesting research problems. Although the paper is not a research paper, it follows a qualitative research method to collect and analyze the required supporting documents to justify arguments and statements. We collected primary and secondary data from the textile reverse SC members to familiarize the OM community with this context. The current changes in the textile reverse SC offer many great opportunities for impactful OM research.
Financing Disruptive Suppliers: Payment Advance, Timeline, and Discount Rate
Authors: Huang Xiao
Published: October 2021

This study considers a dyadic supply chain in which a large and creditworthy buyer procures a product from a capital‐constrained supplier subject to disruption risk. In facilitating the production, the buyer may offer direct financing to the supplier by way of advance payment (AP). Concurrently, the buyer may also set a tailored discount rate (TR) that applies to the AP and an extended payment timeline (PE) for the balance due. We analyze the value and interplay of these elements by comparing optimal contractual terms with different AP, PE, and TR potentials. In general, AP applies to more reliable suppliers, and the coverage could be broadened by the inclusion of PE and TR. Specifically, when the advance discount rate is regulated within a certain limit, the buyer should offer TR without PE to the most reliable suppliers, vs. the floor discount rate with PE to those posing higher risk. Although the buyer normally benefits from practicing PE, the supplier benefits from it only when the risk level is relatively high and suffers from it when the risk level is relatively low; these effects persist although they are weakened in the presence of TR. Overall, PE and TR focus on different risk spectrums and are strategic substitutes for each other. The buyer can thereby retain its maximum payoff by properly configuring PE or TR when the other is under strict regulation. These insights offer strategic guidance for buyers to engineer business cash flows with respect to the risk level of their suppliers and the external regulation environment.
Beyond Retail Stores: Managing Product Proliferation along the Supply Chain
Authors: Biçer Işık , Lücker Florian , Boyacı Tamer
Published: October 2021

Product proliferation occurs in supply chains when manufacturers respond to diverse market needs by trying to produce a range of products from a limited variety of raw materials. In such a setting, delaying the point of the proliferation helps manufacturers improve their responsiveness by postponing the ordering decisions of the final products until there is partial or full resolution of the demand uncertainty. This strategy can be implemented in two different ways: (i) redesigning the operations so that the point of proliferation is swapped with a downstream operation or (ii) reducing the lead times. To establish cost efficiency, manufacturers can systematically reduce their operational costs or postpone the high‐cost operations. We consider a multi‐echelon and multi‐product newsvendor problem with demand forecast evolution to analyze the value of each operational lever of the responsiveness and the efficiency. We use a generalized forecast‐evolution model to characterize the demand updating process, and develop a dynamic optimization model to determine the optimal order quantities at different echelons. We demonstrate that reducing the lead time of a downstream operation is more beneficial to manufacturers than reducing the lead time of an upstream operation by the same amount, whereas reducing the upstream operational costs is more favorable than reducing the downstream operational costs. We also indicate that delaying the proliferation may cause a loss of profit, even if it can be achieved with no additional costs. Finally, a decision typology is developed, which shows effective operational strategies depending on product/market characteristics and process flexibility.
The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the formation of root cortical aerenchyma under cadmium contamination
Authors: Díaz Alejandro Sandria , da Cunha Cruz Yasmini , Duarte Vinícius Politi , de Castro Evaristo Mauro , Magalhães Paulo César , Pereira Fabricio José
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate root cortical aerenchyma formation in response to Cd‐driven hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the alleviation of Cd oxidative stress in maize roots and its effects on aerenchyma development. Maize plants were subjected to continuous flooding for 30 days, and the following treatments were applied weekly: Cd(NO3)2 at 0, 10, and 50 μM and Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O (an NO donor) at 0.5, 0.1, and 0.2 μM. The root biometrics; oxidative stress indicators H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA); and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were analyzed. The root dry and fresh masses decreased at higher concentrations of NO and Cd. H2O2 also decreased at higher NO concentrations; however, MDA increased only at higher Cd levels. SOD activity decreased at higher concentrations of NO, but CAT activity increased. Aerenchyma development decreased in response to NO. Consequently, NO acts as an antagonist to Cd, decreasing the concentration of H2O2 by reducing SOD activity and increasing CAT activity. Although H2O2 is directly linked to aerenchyma formation, increased H2O2 concentrations are necessary for root cortical aerenchyma development.
A rice R2R3‐MYB (OsC1) transcriptional regulator improves oxidative stress tolerance by modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Upadhyaya Gouranga , Das Arup , Ray Sudipta
Published: October 2021

The R2R3 type MYB transcription factors participate in controlling flavonoid production in plants, including anthocyanin and proanthocyanin. Black rice with high anthocyanin content is an important candidate for understanding R2R3‐MYB‐based regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP). This study was undertaken to draw the functional relationship of an R2R3‐MYB protein with anthocyanin biosynthesis and oxidative stress tolerance in plants. The expression levels of the late ABP genes in the panicle stage of black rice were in good agreement with the accumulation of anthocyanin, especially cyanidin 3‐glucoside. Among all MYB genes present in rice, an R2R3 type (C1) regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and was studied further. The positive correlation between the expression of ABP genes and OsC1 along with the nuclear localization of OsC1 are in line with its possible involvement as a transcriptional regulator of ABP genes. Interestingly, OsC1 overexpressed in white rice plants triggered anthocyanin production through augmentation of the transcript level of late ABP genes. Moreover, OsC1‐transformed plants exhibited a lower amount of reactive oxygen species upon exposure to oxidative stress. The increased anthocyanin content in white rice seedlings resulted in higher photosynthetic efficiency, less membrane damage and consequently lower oxidative stress. The OsC1 transcriptional regulator helps to ameliorate oxidative stresses in plants owing to its anthocyanin modulating ability.
Visual illusions in Parkinson's disease: an interview survey of symptomatology
Authors: Sasaki Chinami , Yokoi Kayoko , Takahashi Hiroto , Hatakeyama Tomoyuki , Obara Koji , Wada Chizu , Hirayama Kazumi
Published: October 2021

Background

Several types of visual illusions can occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the prevalence and types of specific illusions experienced by patients with PD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the types of illusions.

Methods

A questionnaire of visual illusions was developed through a literature review in consultation with clinicians and neurologists. Based on the questionnaire, 40 consecutive patients with PD were asked a series of Yes/No questions regarding 20 types of visual illusions since the onset of PD. If participants answered ‘Yes’, they were then asked to detail their experience(s).

Results

In total, 30 patients with PD had experienced visual illusions since disease onset; among them, 25 were still experiencing them at the time of the study. The most commonly observed illusion types were dysmorphopsia, complex visual illusions, metachromatopsia, and diplopia. Other observed illusions included textural illusions, macropsia, micropsia, teleopsia, pelopsia, kinetopsia, akinetopsia, Zeitraffer/Zeitlupen phenomena, tilt illusion, upside‐down illusion, and palinopsia. Additionally, aberrant perception of surface orientation (inclination) was reported, which is yet to be reported in association with any disease. Visual illusions had detrimental effects on the patients’ daily lives in some cases.

Conclusions

Systematic interviews regarding the incidence and details of visual illusions experienced by patients with PD could offer important information regarding their quality of life.