bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación:
Authors: Guzman Marco , Calvache Mora Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo da cuenta de un método clínico de evaluación objetiva, funcional y no invasiva para obtener información acerca de la función vocal: las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación. Estudio bibliográfico retrospectivo y observacional, se tuvieron en cuenta investigaciones, publicaciones de libros, tesis y monografías en inglés; fueron consultadas las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Sciences y Scopus, además de revistas especializadas de Voz, Fonoaudiología, Logopedia, Foniatría y Patología de Habla y Lenguaje. El análisis de la información se realizó bajo tres constructos semánticos: a) bases físicas de las medidas aerodinámicas; b) Medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación: flujo, presión y resistencia; y c) aplicaciones clínicas de las medidas aerodinámicas. Cada constructo presenta los aspectos relevantes de la búsqueda realizada, resaltando autores y gráficas explicativas que demuestran las bases teóricas y aplicaciones clínicas de las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación. El conocimiento de estas medidas permite un entendimiento más profundo de aspectos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos relacionados con la voz humana; la presión, el flujo y la resistencia se constituyen en medidas objetivas para valorarla.
EL ENVEJECIMIENTO Y LA ACTIVIDAD FISICA
Authors: Mora Bautista Gladys
Published: April 2019

Al considerar el envejecimiento como “un proceso deletéreo, progresivo intrínseco y universal que acontece en todo ser vivo con el tiempo, como expresión de la interacción entre el programa genético del individuo y su medio ambiente”(1), se entiende como se producen cambios a nivelmultisistémico, los cuales se ven representados en cada uno de los sistemas corporales y evidenciados en deficiencias en las categorías del movimiento. Con la actividad física se obtienen algunos beneficios que evitan que el proceso de envejecimiento deteriore la condición funcional del adulto mayor evitando su aislamiento social y mejorando su calidad de vida. Por tal razón a continuación se hará una revisión de lo que significa envejecer partiendo de las teorías del envejecimiento, efectos del envejecimiento a nivel multisistémico, efectos de la actividad física en adultos mayores y algunas pautas para establecer un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores. Considerando que todo programa de actividad física debe tener en cuenta los principios fisiológicos de intensidad, especificidad y reversibilidad además de permitir la posibilidad de mantener, modificar y potencializar los sistemas de movimiento que a su vez, permiten la realización de actividades y conductas motoras eficaces y eficientes, no sin considerar algunosfactores como edad , historia de su actividad física, limitaciones fisicas y psicologicas del adulto mayor, que pueden repercutir en su realización.
RELACIÓN DE SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD CON NIVEL DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA, CONDICIÓN FÍSICA, PERFIL PSICOMOTOR Y RENDIMIENTO ESCOLAR EN POBLACIÓN INFANTIL (8 A 12 AÑOS) DE POPAYÁN
Authors: Roldán González Elizabeth , Paz Ortega Alexandra
Published: April 2019

La obesidad infantil es una enfermedad de prevalencia creciente e incontrolad a nivel mundial; el presente artículo describe los resultados de la investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar la relación de sobrepeso y obesidad con nivel de actividad física, condición física, perfil psicomotor y rendimiento académico en escolares de 8 a 12 años de la ciudad de Popayán. Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional, transversal; 800 escolares participaron para la determinación de la prevalencia. A los menores identificados con un IMC> al percentil 85 se les aplicó la encuesta sociodemográfica, Cuestionario INTA, Test de marcha de 6 minutos, Escala de Borg modificada y Batería Da Fonseca. Contrario a las altas cifras actuales a nivel nacional e internacional la prevalencia simple encontrada fue baja: 7,25% para sobrepeso y 0,88 para obesidad. El 24,88% de las niñas a pesar de no estar obesas presentan riesgo relativo entre moderado (14,13%) y alto (10,75%) a presentar comorbilidades. Los escolares dedican alrededor de 4 horas diarias a actividades sedentarias y muy pocas horas semanales (2) a realizar ejercicio físico. Se encontró correlación significativa a nivel 0,001 (bilateral) positiva entre la distancia caminada (T6min) con el peso del menor (r=,15; p=0,001), el IMC (r=,456; p= 0,000) y con el subfactor praxia global del perfil psicomotor (r=0,296; p= 0,001). No se encontraron correlaciones significativas del IMC con otras variables como Nivel de actividad física (INTA) y rendimiento académico. Se considera como problemática emergente que el 51,5% de los escolares presentaron bajo peso. Se complementará el estudio con un grupo control.
KINESIOGENÓMICA: UNA NUEVA PERSPECTIVA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN FISIOTERAPIA
Authors: Alfonso Mantilla José Iván , Martínez Santa Jaime , Vargas Olga Cecilia
Published: April 2019

Introducción: el campo deportivo es un ámbito de investigación de diversas áreas de las ciencias de la salud, la kinesiogenómica realiza el estudio de secuencias genéticas comprometidas en el rendimiento deportivo, con la aparición del mapeo genético se ha abierto una brecha a la investigación de la genética como agente de interacción del potencial humano.Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el campo de la genética aplicada en el área deportiva y clínica.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática en las siguientes bases de datos: “Ebsco” “Pedro” “Hinari” “Elsevier” “Science Direct” “Springer” “Medline”, con los siguientes términos MESH: Athletic Performance, Genetic Variation, Physical Fitness, Sport.Resultados: Existen genes específicos que influencian el desarrollo de un deportista de alto rendimiento relacionados con la resistencia al esfuerzo físico, desarrollo de fuerza, masa y potencia muscular, susceptibilidad de lesiones y asociados a respuestas psicológicas especificas.Conclusiones: En la actualidad el descubrimiento del mapeo genético permite identificar genes específicos implicados en el desarrollo físico de deportistas de alto rendimiento, estos son genes relacionados con resistencia ADRB2, 79C/G, BDKBR2, CHRM2, EpoR, HBB,HIF-1 α, GYS1,NOS3, NRF2,PPAR5, VEGF; fuerza, masa y potencia muscular son: ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1,CK-MM,IGF1; susceptibilidad de lesiones son: COL1A1,COL5A1, MMP3, TNC; y los relacionados con las respuestas psicológicas son: 5HTT, BDNF, con ayuda de estos genes se puede estudiar la posibilidad de realizar terapias genéticas con el fin de crear individuos genéticamente dotados.
ESTRATEGIA DE EDUCACIÓN EN SALUD Y AMBIENTES SALUDABLES, PARA NIÑAS, NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES BAJO PROTECCIÓN
Authors: Ávila Vélez Paula Andrea , Leiva Benavides Luisa Fernanda , Bueno Gutiérrez Johanna Constanza , Gámez Peralta María Fernanda
Published: April 2019

Introducción: la infancia es considerada un mundo social que fundamentado a partir de diferentes roles creados desde su participación activa en la comunidad; para esto, es importante favorecer procesos de desarrollo motor con el fin de potenciar habilidades y desarrollar intereses en la adherencia a estilos de vida saludable. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de educación para la salud y ambientes saludables desde fisioterapia para niños, niñas y adolescentes en situación de protección en el contexto colombiano. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de desarrollo tecnológico (experimental) respondiendo a los postulados de la OCDE, y Hernández, Fernández y Baptista. La investigación específicamente describe el desarrollo de un nuevo procedimiento para favorecer estilos de vida saludable en niños, niñas y adolescentes. Resultados: se encontró una restricción en la participación debido al contexto en el que permanecen; sin embargo, fue posible reconocer un alto interés de los niños hacia la actividad física con prevalencia en actividades como fútbol y baile, a partir de lo cual surge el  diseño de actividades que se configuran en una estrategia centrada en la educación en salud y prevención primaria, según grupo etario. Las actividades proponen impactar motricidad fina, gruesa, esquema corporal, así como el reconocimiento del autocuidado y el balance nutricional. Conclusiones: Se reconoce la necesidad y pertinencia de la participación del fisioterapeuta en la planeación de actividades de educación en salud y prevención primaria para la infancia y adolescencia a lo largo del ciclo vital de población bajo protección.
Control Postural en Niños con Discapacidad Intelectual Leve Programa fisioterapéutico [Estudio de 6 casos]
Authors: Moreno Bacca Nathalia Katherine
Published: April 2019

Antecedentes: la discapacidad intelectual es caracterizada por las limitaciones significativas en el funcionamiento intelectual, las funciones adaptativas, conceptuales, sociales y practicas; dentro de estas últimas se encuentra las limitaciones en el área motora como la alteración en el control postural. Objetivo: Establecer los efectos de un programa fisioterapéutico basado en control postural en niños con discapacidad intelectual leve. Descripción del caso: se presenta 6 casos, de niños de 8 – 12 años con discapacidad intelectual; se aplicó un programa de intervención fisioterapéutica basado en control postural conformado por ejercicios de tonicidad, equilibrio, lateralidad y coordinación. Intervención: se realizaron 24 sesiones de terapia llevadas a cabo tres veces por semana con duración de 1 hora cada sesión. La valoración del control postural se hizo por medio de la Batería Psicomotora Da Fonseca realizando 2 tipos de medición: pretest y postest. Resultados: tras la intervención existen modificaciones positivas en la distribución de los diferentes componentes de la escala: todos tuvieron mejoría significativa en tonicidad, equilibrio, noción del cuerpo, estructuración espacio temporal, praxias gruesas y fina, excepto lateralidad.
Fisioterapia en Animales Domésticos: ¿Qué dice la evidencia?
Authors: Alfonso Mantilla José Iván , Martínez Santa Jaime
Published: April 2019

Introducción: la medicina veterinaria, es un campo de conocimiento que integra diversas áreas profesionales para su desarrollo, es así como se ha reportado evidencia en relación a la participación de fisioterapeutas en procesos de rehabilitación de animales que presentan algún tipo de patología que afecte su funcionalidad. Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura con relación a las intervenciones fisioterapéuticas realizadas en perros y gatos con alteraciones osteomusculares y neuromusculares. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, búsqueda en bases de datos como: Ebsco, Pedro, Hinari, Elsevier, Science Direct, Springer y Medline que contemplaran los siguientes criterios de inclusión: estudios publicados del año 2000 al 2016, literatura con los siguientes términos DeCS: dogs, cats, veterinary medicine, rehabilitation, animals. Resultados: se obtuvo información en relación a la intervención fisioterapéutica en perros y gatos, se ha reportado el uso de agentes físicos para el tratamiento de lesiones agudas a través de modalidades como crioterapia, termoterapia, ultrasonido y electroestimulación ; el uso de estos agentes físicos ayuda al manejo de dolor, disminución del edema, aumento del rango movimiento y reducción de la espasticidad, además de eso se reporta que el ejercicio terapéutico y terapia manual tienen efectos significativos en el retorno a las actividades de la vida diaria de estos animales. Conclusiones: la fisioterapia en animales está indicada para procesos agudos y crónicos como lesiones osteomusculares y neuromusculares, esta se realiza a través de medios físicos y ejercicio terapéutico enfocándose en actividades funcionales de movimiento.
MEMORIAS 4° SEMINARIO NACIONAL Y 1° INTERNACIONAL DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA
Authors: IDRD IDRD
Published: April 2019

El 4° congreso nacional y 1° internacional, es un espacio académico creado en el año 2015, el cual permite mostrar las diferentes investigaciones, estudios, y  tendencias del fitness sobre actividad física a nivel Distrital, Nacional e Internacional. En está cuarta versión del seminario, tendrá como invitados a los representantes de las empresas aliadas, programas del fitness, especialistas, directivos y organizaciones relacionadas con el ámbito de la actividad física, con el fin de dar a conocer el impacto, la trayectoria que tienen, y su contribución en la generación de hábitos saludables y la practica regular de actividad física. Adicionalmente tres ponentes internacionales como el Dr. Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas, PhD en  entrenamiento deportivo de la Universidad Tiradentes de Brasil. El Dr. Guilherme Rosa PhD en ciencias de la Universidad Federal Del Estado de Río de Janeiro UNIRIO - Brasil  y las licenciadas en educación física de la Universidad Autónoma de Chuhuahua - México Michell Chacón Veleta y Abril Espinoza Baca.
Lupus eritematoso sistémico y actividad física: una alternativa en calidad de vida
Authors: Enríquez-del Castillo Liliana Aracely
Published: April 2019

Introducción: El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune en la que órganos y tejidos son afectados teniendo un impacto en la calidad de vida, por lo que es considerada una enfermedad crónica por ser evolutiva en donde se ve deteriorado su estado funcional. Investigaciones recientes muestran los efectos del trabajo físico enfocado a fuerza y resistencia aerobia, siendo el medio acuático idóneo para ellos. Por ello, la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar la calidad de vida (CV) tras un programa entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada en el medio acuático en un paciente con LES. Método: Estudio de caso realizado en una mujer de 44 años diagnosticada con LES hace 13 años atrás. Se realizó test de los 5 minutos para evaluación del VO2máx y escala Gencat para evaluar la calidad de vida. Se realizaron un total de 36 sesiones, 3 días por semana a una intensidad moderada en el laboratorio de actividades acuáticas en Chihuahua, México. Resultados: Las principales mejorías registradas son: mayor percepción de la CV en las dimensiones de bienestar emocional, relaciones interpersonales y bienestar físico, en aspectos físicos se incrementó la resistencia aerobia, así como la disminución de dolor al realizar actividades cotidianas y de fatiga durante la actividad física, un aumento de sentimientos de energía y vitalidad. Conclusión: A través del ejercicio físico es posible mejorar aspectos físicos y psicológicos generando una mayor CV en un paciente con LES.
David vs. Goliath: The Structure, Function, and Clinical Prospects of Antibody Fragments
Authors: Bates Adam , Power Christine A.
Published: April 2019

Since the licensing of the first monoclonal antibody therapy in 1986, monoclonal antibodies have become the largest class of biopharmaceuticals with over 80 antibodies currently approved for a variety of disease indications. The development of smaller, antigen binding antibody fragments, derived from conventional antibodies or produced recombinantly, has been growing at a fast pace. Antibody fragments can be used on their own or linked to other molecules to generate numerous possibilities for bispecific, multi-specific, multimeric, or multifunctional molecules, and to achieve a variety of biological effects. They offer several advantages over full-length monoclonal antibodies, particularly a lower cost of goods, and because of their small size they can penetrate tissues, access challenging epitopes, and have potentially reduced immunogenicity. In this review, we will discuss the structure, production, and mechanism of action of EMA/FDA-approved fragments and of those in clinical and pre-clinical development. We will also discuss current topics of interest surrounding the potential use of antibody fragments for intracellular targeting and blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
Development of a New Nomogram Including Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio to Predict Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Chon Young Eun , Park Hana , Hyun Hye Kyung , Ha Yeonjung , Kim Mi Na , Kim Beom Kyung , Lee Joo Ho , Kim Seung Up , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Hwang Seong Gyu , Han Kwang-Hyub , Rim Kyu Sung , Park Jun Yong
Published: April 2019

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently been reported to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored whether NLR predicted the survival of patients with HCC undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and developed a predictive model. In total, 1697 patients with HCC undergoing TACE as first-line therapy at two university hospitals were enrolled (derivation set n = 921, internal validation set n = 395, external validation set n = 381). The tumor size, tumor number, AFP level, vascular invasion, Child–Pugh score, objective response after TACE, and NLR, selected as predictors of overall survival (OS) via multivariate Cox’s regression model, were incorporated into a 14-point risk prediction model (SNAVCORN score). The time-dependent areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years predicted by the SNAVCORN score were 0.812, 0.734, and 0.700 in the derivation set. Patients were stratified into three risk groups by SNAVCORN score (low, 0–4; intermediate, 5–9; high, 10–14). Compared with the low-risk group, the intermediate-risk (HR 3.10, p < 0.001) and high-risk (HR 7.37, p < 0.001) groups exhibited significantly greater mortality. The prognostic performance of the SNAVCORN score including NLR in patients with HCC treated with TACE was remarkable, much better than those of the conventional scores. The SNAVCORN score will guide future HCC treatment decisions.
Communities and Attachment Networks Associated with Primary, Secondary and Alternative Foundation Species; A Case Study of Stressed and Disturbed Stands of Southern Bull Kelp
Authors: Thomsen Mads S. , South Paul M.
Published: April 2019

Southern bull kelps (Durvillaea spp., Fucales) are ‘primary’ foundation species that control community structures and ecosystem functions on temperate wave-exposed rocky reefs. However, these large foundation species are threatened by disturbances and stressors, including invasive species, sedimentation and heatwaves. It is unknown whether ‘alternative’ foundation species can replace lost southern bull kelps and its associated communities and networks. We compared community structure (by quantifying abundances of different species) and attachment-interaction networks (by quantifying which species were attached to other species) among plots dominated by Durvillaea spp. and plots where Durvillaea spp. were lost either through long-term repeated experimental removals or by recent stress from a marine heatwave. Long-term experimental removal plots were dominated by ‘alternative’ foundation species, the canopy-forming Cystophora spp. (Fucales), whereas the recent heatwave stressed plots were dominated by the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales). A network analysis of attachment interactions showed that communities differed among plots dominated by either Durvillaea spp., Cystophora spp. or U. pinnatifida, with different relationships between the primary, or alternative, foundation species and attached epiphytic ‘secondary’ foundation species. For example, native Cystophora spp. were more important as hosts for secondary foundation species compared to Durvillaea spp. and U. pinnatifida. Instead, Durvillaea spp. facilitated encrusting algae, which in turn provided habitat for gastropods. We conclude that (a) repeated disturbances and strong stressors can reveal ecological differences between primary and alternative foundation species, (b) analyses of abundances and attachment-networks are supplementary methods to identify linkages between primary, alternative and secondary foundation species, and (c) interspersed habitats dominated by different types of foundation species increase system-level biodiversity by supporting different species-abundance patterns and species-attachment networks.
The Colour of Tropical Woods Influenced by Brown Rot
Authors: Vidholdová Zuzana , Reinprecht Ladislav
Published: April 2019

Interesting aesthetic properties of tropical woods, like surface texture and colour, are rarely impaired due to weathering, rotting and other degradation processes. This study analyses the colour of 21 tropical woods before and after six weeks of intentional attack by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. The CIEL*a*b* colour system was applied for measuring the lightness, redness and yellowness, and from these parameters the hue tone angle and colour saturation were calculated. Lighter tropical woods tended to appear a less red and a more yellow, and had a greater hue tone angle. However, for the original woods was not found dependence between the lightness and colour saturation. Tropical woods at attack by C. puteana lost a weight from 0.08% to 6.48%. The lightest and moderately light species—like okoumé, iroko, ovengol and sapelli—significantly darkened, while the darkest species—wengé and ipé—significantly lightened. The majority of tropical woods obtained a brighter shade of yellow, typically wengé, okoumé and blue gum, while some of them also a brighter shade of green, typically sapelli, padouk and macaranduba. C. puteana specifically affected the hue tone angle and colour saturation of tested tropical woods, but without an apparent changing the tendency of these colour parameters to lightness. The total colour difference of tested tropical woods significantly increased in connection with changes of their lightness (ΔE*ab = 5.92 − 0.50·ΔL*; R2 = 0.37), but it was not influenced by the red and yellow tint changes, and weight losses.
Behavior in Strategic Settings: Evidence from a Million Rock-Paper-Scissors Games
Authors: Batzilis Dimitris , Jaffe Sonia , Levitt Steven , List John A. , Picel Jeffrey
Published: April 2019

We make use of data from a Facebook application where hundreds of thousands of people played a simultaneous move, zero-sum game—rock-paper-scissors—with varying information to analyze whether play in strategic settings is consistent with extant theories. We report three main insights. First, we observe that most people employ strategies consistent with Nash, at least some of the time. Second, however, players strategically use information on previous play of their opponents, a non-Nash equilibrium behavior; they are more likely to do so when the expected payoffs for such actions increase. Third, experience matters: players with more experience use information on their opponents more effectively than less experienced players, and are more likely to win as a result. We also explore the degree to which the deviations from Nash predictions are consistent with various non-equilibrium models. We analyze both a level-k framework and an adapted quantal response model. The naive version of each these strategies—where players maximize the probability of winning without considering the probability of losing—does better than the standard formulation. While one set of people use strategies that resemble quantal response, there is another group of people who employ strategies that are close to k 1; for naive strategies the latter group is much larger.
Performance Analysis of Emergency Room Episodes Through Process Mining
Authors: Rojas Eric , Cifuentes Andres , Burattin Andrea , Munoz-Gama Jorge , Sepúlveda Marcos , Capurro Daniel
Published: April 2019

The performance analysis of Emergency Room episodes is aimed at providing decision makers with knowledge that allows them to decrease waiting times, reduce patient congestion, and improve the quality of care provided. In this case study, Process Mining is used to determine which activities, sub-processes, interactions, and characteristics of episodes explain why some episodes have a longer duration. The employed method and the results obtained are described in detail to serve as a guide for future performance analysis in this domain. It was discovered that the main cause of the increment in the episode duration is the occurrence of a loop between the Examination and Treatment sub-processes. It was also found out that as the episode severity increases, the number of repetitions of the Examination–Treatment loop increases as well. Moreover, the episodes in which this loop is more common are those that lead to Hospitalization as discharge destination. These findings might help to reduce the occurrence of this loop, in turn lowering the episode duration and, consequently, providing faster attention to more patients.
What Works? Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Viruses in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia Living in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghimire Sajana , Hallett Jonathan , Gray Corie , Lobo Roanna , Crawford Gemma
Published: April 2019

Migration is a significant risk factor for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An increasing proportion of these infections in high-income countries, such as Australia, are among migrants moving from low and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of HIV, HBV and other STIs. This systematic review explored the prevention and control of HIV, HBV and other STIs in migrants (>18 years) from Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa living in high-income countries with universal health care. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Six academic databases were searched for articles published between 2002 and 2018. Sixteen peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria, consisting of fourteen quantitative and two qualitative studies conducted in Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, Spain, Italy, and Germany. Three levels of interventions were identified: individual, community and structural interventions. Most studies addressed factors at an individual level; interventions were most commonly outreach testing for HIV, HBV and other STIs. Few studies addressed structural factors or demonstrated comprehensive evaluation of interventions. Limited population-specific findings could be determined. To prevent further transmission of HIV, HBV and other STIs, comprehensive public health approaches must consider the complex interactions between migration, health care system determinants, and broader socioeconomic and sociocultural factors.
Differences in Eye Health, Access to Eye Care Specialists and Use of Lenses among Immigrant and Native-Born Workers in Spain
Authors: Seguí-Crespo Mar , Cantó-Sancho Natalia , Reid Alison , Martínez José Miguel , Ronda-Pérez Elena
Published: April 2019

Latin American immigrants make up 49% of the total immigrant population in Spain, yet little is known about their eye health. The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in self-perceived eye health, access to eye care specialists, and use of lenses between a sample of Latin American immigrant workers from Colombia and Ecuador, and native-born workers in Spain. We used data from the PELFI cohort (Project for Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families). The sample consisted of 179 immigrant workers born in Colombia or Ecuador, and 83 Spanish-born workers. The outcome variables were self-perceived eye health, access to eye specialists, and use of lenses. A descriptive analysis of the sample was carried out, and the prevalence of the three outcome variables in immigrants and natives was calculated and adjusted for explanatory variables. Random effects logistic regression models examined eye health outcomes by workers’ country of birth. Immigrants are less likely to report poor self-perceived eye health than native-born (ORc 0.46; CI 95%, 0.22–0.96). Furthermore, they have less access to specialists (ORc 2.61; CI 95%, 1.32–5.15) and a higher probability of needing lenses but not having them (ORc 14.14; CI 95%, 1.77–112.69). This latter variable remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates (ORa 34.05; CI 95%, 1.59–729.04). Latin American immigrants may not value the use of lenses, despite eye care specialists indicating that they need them. Eye health education is required to recognize the importance of using lenses according to their visual needs.
Fabricating the Superhydrophobic Nickel and Improving Its Antifriction Performance by the Laser Surface Texturing
Authors: Huang Junyuan , Wei Songbo , Zhang Lixin , Yang Yingying , Yang Song , Shen Zejun
Published: April 2019

The superhydrophobic surface can change the friction property of the material, reduce the adhesion of the friction interface, and produce a certain slip, thereby reducing the friction coefficient. The laser has high energy, high density, and is especially suitable for the surface treatment of materials. The laser surface texturing is a good way to construct superhydrophobic surfaces. The experiment uses a nanosecond pulse laser to construct the groove texture on the nickel surface. The contact area between the air and the droplets retained on the rough surface is increased, effectively preventing the water droplets from entering the gully of the surface microstructure, reducing the water droplets and the solid surface. The contact area ultimately makes the surface exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity. A superhydrophobic nickel surface having an apparent contact angle of water (ACAW) of 160° and a sliding angle (SA) of less than 10° was prepared. The MM-W1B vertical universal friction and wear tester was used to test the groove texture samples with different depths. The surface texture can capture the wear debris generated by the wear and store the lubricant, which is beneficial to the formation of fluid dynamic pressure lubrication and improve the load. The friction coefficient is reduced from 0.65 of the unprocessed surfaces to 0.25 after the texturing, and the friction performance is greatly improved.
The Effect of Cation Disorder on Ferroelectric Properties of SrxBa1−xNb2O6 Tungsten Bronzes
Authors: Aamlid Solveig S. , Selbach Sverre M. , Grande Tor
Published: April 2019

The versatile crystal structure of tetragonal tungsten bronzes (A12A24C4B10O30) can accommodate complex stoichiometries including cations in different valence states and vacant cation sites. Here, we report on the effect of thermally induced cation-vacancy disorder in the tetragonal tungsten bronze SrxBa1−xNb2O6 (SBNX). SBNX (x = 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.61) ceramics, prepared by conventional solid-state synthesis, were annealed at varying temperatures and subsequently quenched to room temperature. The Curie temperature of all the SBNX materials increased with higher quenching temperatures, accompanied with ferroelectric hardening. The variation in thermal history also caused structural changes, specifically a contraction of the a lattice parameter and a minor elongation of the c parameter. These effects are discussed in relation to recent first principles calculations of the energy landscape of the cation-vacancy configurations and experimental evidence of thermally induced cation-vacancy disordering.
Dealing with the Effect of Air in Fluid Structure Interaction by Coupled SPH-FEM Methods
Authors: Fragassa Cristiano , Topalovic Marko , Pavlovic Ana , Vulovic Snezana
Published: April 2019

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM) are often combined with the scope to model the interaction between structures and the surrounding fluids (FSI). There is the case, for instance, of aircrafts crashing on water or speedboats slamming into waves. Due to the high computational complexity, the influence of air is often neglected, limiting the analysis to the interaction between structure and water. On the contrary, this work aims to specifically investigate the effect of air when merged inside the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) computational models. Measures from experiments were used as a basis to validate estimations comparing results from models that include or exclude the presence of air. Outcomes generally showed a great correlation between simulation and experiments, with marginal differences in terms of accelerations, especially during the first phase of impact and considering the presence of air in the model.
Performance Investigation on Different Designs of Superhydrophobic Surface Texture for Composite Insulator
Authors: Zhao Meiyun , Li Wei , Wu Yang , Zhao Xinze , Tan Mingyi , Xing Jingtang
Published: April 2019

To investigate the superhydrophobic properties of different surface textures, nine designs of textures with micro-nanostructures were produced successfully using the laser engraving technique on the surfaces of composite insulator umbrella skirt samples made of silicon rubber. The optimal parameters of the texture designs to give rise to the best hydrophobicity were determined. The surface morphology, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning and antifouling property of the different textured surfaces as well as water droplets rolling on the textured surfaces were studied experimentally using a contact angle meter, scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional topography meter and high-speed camera system. It was found that the diamond column design with optimal parameters has the best superhydrophobicity and overall performance. The most remarkable advantage of the optimal diamond column design is its robustness and long-term superhydrophobicity after repeated de-icing in harsh conditions. The reported work is an important step towards achieving superhydrophobic surface without coating for outdoor composite insulator in practical applications.
Accuracy of Eddy-Current and Radar Methods Used in Reinforcement Detection
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław , Mazur Wojciech
Published: April 2019

This article presents results from non-destructive testing (NDT) that referred to the location and diameter or rebars in beam and slab members. The aim of paper was to demonstrate that the accuracy and deviations of the NDT methods could be higher than the allowable execution or standard deviations. Tests were conducted on autoclaved aerated concrete beam and nine specimens that were specially prepared from lightweight concrete. The most advanced instruments that were available on the market were used to perform tests. They included two electromagnetic scanners and one ground penetrating radar (GPR). The testing equipment was used to analyse how the rebar (cover) location affected the detection of their diameters and how their mutual spacing influenced the detected quantity of rebars. The considerations included the impact of rebar depth on cover measurements and the spread of obtained results. Tests indicated that the measurement error was clearly greater when the rebars were located at very low or high depths. It could lead to the improper interpretation of test results, and consequently to the incorrect estimation of the structure safety based on the design resistance analysis. Electromagnetic and radar devices were unreliable while detecting the reinforcement of small (8 and 10 mm) diameters at close spacing (up to 20 mm) and of large (20 mm) diameters at a close spacing and greater depths. Recommendations for practical applications were developed to facilitate the evaluation of a structure.
Combined Strengthening Techniques to Improve the Out-of-Plane Performance of Masonry Walls
Authors: Ferretti Elena , Pascale Giovanni
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of walls under out-of-plane loads especially when subjected to the hammering action of the floors. The idea behind the paper is to provide the masonry walls with a device that behaves like a buttress, without having to build a traditional buttress. The solution presented in this paper consists of a mechanical coupling between the three-dimensional net of steel ribbons of the CAM (Active Confinement of Masonry) system and the CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) strips. Since the steel ribbons of the CAM system have a pre-tension, the mechanical coupling allows the steel ribbons to establish a semi-rigid transverse link between the CFRP strips bonded on the two opposite sides of a wall. Therefore, two vertical CFRP strips tied by the steel ribbons behave like the flanges of an I-beam and the flexural strength of the ideal I-beam counteracts the out-of-plane displacements of the wall. The experimental results showed that the combined technique inherits the strong points of both constituent techniques. In fact, the delamination load is comparable to that of the specimens reinforced with the CFRP strips and the overall behavior is as ductile as for the specimens reinforced with the CAM system. They also inspired a more performing combined technique.
Biomechanical Behaviour and Biocompatibility of Ureidopyrimidinone-Polycarbonate Electrospun and Polypropylene Meshes in a Hernia Repair in Rabbits
Authors: Mori da Cunha Marina Gabriela M. C. , Hympanova Lucie , Rynkevic Rita , Mes Tristan , Bosman Anton W. , Deprest Jan
Published: April 2019

Although mesh use has significantly improved the outcomes of hernia and pelvic organ prolapse repair, long-term recurrence rates remain unacceptably high. We aim to determine the in vivo degradation and functional outcome of reconstructed abdominal wall defects, using slowly degradable electrospun ureidopyrimidinone moieties incorporated into a polycarbonate backbone (UPy-PC) implant compared to an ultra-lightweight polypropylene (PP) textile mesh with high pore stability. Twenty four New-Zealand rabbits were implanted with UPy-PC or PP to either reinforce a primary fascial defect repair or to cover (referred to as gap bridging) a full-thickness abdominal wall defect. Explants were harvested at 30, 90 and 180 days. The primary outcome measure was uniaxial tensiometry. Secondary outcomes were the recurrence of herniation, morphometry for musculofascial tissue characteristics, inflammatory response and neovascularization. PP explants compromised physiological abdominal wall compliance from 90 days onwards and UPy-PC from 180 days. UPy-PC meshes induced a more vigorous inflammatory response than PP at all time points. We observed progressively more signs of muscle atrophy and intramuscular fatty infiltration in the entire explant area for both mesh types. UPy-PC implants are replaced by a connective tissue stiff enough to prevent abdominal wall herniation in two-thirds of the gap-bridged full-thickness abdominal wall defects. However, in one-third there was sub-clinical herniation. The novel electrospun material did slightly better than the textile PP yet outcomes were still suboptimal. Further research should investigate what drives muscular atrophy, and whether novel polymers would eventually generate a physiological neotissue and can prevent failure and/or avoid collateral damage.
Hot-Deformation Behavior of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel under Continuous Cooling: Physical Simulation of Surface Microstructure Evolution of Superheavy Forgings during Hot Forging
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Wang Yong
Published: April 2019

Superheavy forgings are increasingly used in the nuclear industry. The strain rate is extremely low during hot forging due to the huge size of the superheavy forging; in fact, the surface temperature of the forging decreases obviously during each deformation step. Hot-deformation behavior differs from that of isothermal deformation. In this study, 18Mn18Cr0.6N steel was selected as a model material. Hot-compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble 3800 simulator at a strain rate of 10−4 s−1 and continuous cooling rates of 0.0125 Ks−1 and 0.025 Ks−1. The microstructure was observed using electron backscatter diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The flow stress increased with increasing strain: the higher the cooling rate, the higher was the hardening rate. Continuous cooling inhibited dynamic recrystallization by delaying its nucleation. The subgrain/cell size increased linearly with increasing final temperature of deformation in the temperature range 1273 to 1448 K. An intense <001> texture formed in 0.8-strained specimens and the matrix exhibited a low Taylor factor orientation. Most dislocations were separately distributed in subgrains and did not entangle with each other or with the subgrain boundary. Dislocation arrays transferred easily through boundaries and dislocation accumulation at boundaries was weak. This study contributes to understanding the hot-forging process of superheavy forgings.
Fabrication and Characteristics of a SOI Three-Axis Acceleration Sensor Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Zhao Xiaofeng , Wang Ying , Wen Dianzhong
Published: April 2019

A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) piezoresistive three-axis acceleration sensor, consisting of four L-shaped beams, two intermediate double beams, two masses, and twelve piezoresistors, was presented in this work. To detect the acceleration vector (ax, ay, and az) along three directions, twelve piezoresistors were designed on four L-shaped beams and two intermediate beams to form three detecting Wheatstone bridges. A sensitive element simulation model was built using ANSYS finite element simulation software to investigate the cross-interference of sensitivity for the proposed sensor. Based on that, the sensor chip was fabricated on a SOI wafer by using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology and packaged on a printed circuit board (PCB). At room temperature and VDD = 5.0 V, the sensitivities of the sensor along x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis were 0.255 mV/g, 0.131 mV/g, and 0.404 mV/g, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor can realize the detection of acceleration along three directions.
Associations between Weight Loss, Food Likes, Dietary Behaviors, and Chemosensory Function in Bariatric Surgery: A Case-Control Analysis in Women
Authors: Hubert Patrice A. , Papasavas Pavlos , Stone Andrea , Swede Helen , Huedo-Medina Tania B. , Tishler Darren , Duffy Valerie B.
Published: April 2019

We tested the hypothesis that successful weight loss post-bariatric surgery would be associated with healthier chemosensory function, food likes, and dietary behaviors than either unsuccessful weight loss or pre-surgery morbid obesity. In a case-control design, pre-surgical women with morbid obesity (n = 49) were compared with those 1-year post-surgery (24 Roux-en-Y Bypass, 24 Sleeve Gastrectomy) and defined by excess or percent weight loss as successful/unsuccessful. For self-reported smell/taste perception, more post-surgery than pre-surgery reported improved/distorted perception, especially if weight loss successful. Measured taste function (perceived quinine and NaCl intensity) was lower among weight loss unsuccessful versus pre-surgery patients, yet a genetic variation in taste probe (propylthiouracil bitterness) matched expected frequencies without significant pre/post-surgery difference. Regarding survey-reported liking, higher diet quality was seen in the weight loss successful (independent of surgery type) versus pre-surgical patients, with differences driven by lower sweet and refined carbohydrate liking. The post versus pre-surgical patients had greater restraint but less hunger and disinhibition. Patients reporting both higher diet quality and lower hunger showed greater % weight loss, independent of surgery type. Thus, successful weight loss 1-year post-bariatric surgery was associated with improved or distorted chemosensation and patterns of liking associated with healthier diets, especially if coupled with less hunger.
Polyelectrolytes in Hot Melt Extrusion: A Combined Solvent-Based and Interacting Additive Technique for Solid Dispersions
Authors: Ditzinger Felix , Dejoie Catherine , Sisak Jung Dubravka , Kuentz Martin
Published: April 2019

Solid dispersions are important supersaturating formulations to orally deliver poorly water-soluble drugs. A most important process technique is hot melt extrusion but process requirements limit the choice of suitable polymers. One way around this limitation is to synthesize new polymers. However, their disadvantage is that they require toxicological qualification and present regulatory hurdles for their market authorization. Therefore, this study follows an alternative approach, where new polymeric matrices are created by combining a known polymer, small molecular additives, and an initial solvent-based process step. The polyelectrolyte, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NaCMC), was tested in combination with different additives such as amino acids, meglumine, trometamol, and urea. It was possible to obtain a new polyelectrolyte matrix that was viable for manufacturing by hot melt extrusion. The amount of additives had to be carefully tuned to obtain an amorphous polymer matrix. This was achieved by probing the matrix using several analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Next, the obtained matrices had to be examined to ensure the homogeneous distribution of the components and the possible residual crystallinity. As this analysis requires probing a sample on several points and relies on high quality data, X-ray diffraction and starring techniques at a synchrotron source had to be used. Particularly promising with NaCMC was the addition of lysine as well as meglumine. Further research is needed to harness the novel matrix with drugs in amorphous formulations.
A Review of Recent Advances in Nanoengineered Polymer Composites
Authors: Vijay Kumar Vishnu , Balaganesan G. , Lee Jeremy Kong Yoong , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , Surendran S. , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: April 2019

This review paper initially summarizes the latest developments in impact testing on polymer matrix composites collating the various analytical, numerical, and experimental studies performed since the year 2000. Subsequently, the scientific literature investigating nanofiller reinforced polymer composite matrices as well as self-healing polymer matrix composites by incorporating core-shell nanofibers is reviewed in-depth to provide a perspective on some novel advances in nanotechnology that have led to composite developments. Through this review, researchers can gain a representative idea of the state of the art in nanotechnology for polymer matrix composite engineering, providing a platform for further study of this increasingly industrially significant material, and to address the challenges in developing the next generation of advanced, high-performance materials.
High Capacity Nano-Sized Carbon Spheres for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials
Authors: Wang Youliang , Yu Guoyun , Chen Xiujuan , Wang Ansong
Published: April 2019

A one-step hydrothermal method is reported for synthesizing carbon spheres (Cs) with sucrose as the carbon resource for the anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Firstly, the influences of synthesis temperature and time on particle size and the morphology of the Cs were researched. Then, modified carbon spheres (MCs) were synthesized with some surfactants, such as hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Finally, nano-sized MCs with an average diameter of 70 nm, owning the smooth surface and uniform spherical morphology systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The outstanding performances of nano-sized MCs synthesized with PVA were demonstrated as anode materials in LIBs. The higher initial discharge capacity of 1180 mAhg−1 and the excellent discharge capacity of 470 mAhg−1 were obtained respectively at 100 mAg−1 (0.27 C) over 50 cycles. The nano-sized MCs has also shown remarkable performance of rate capability of 284.6 mAhg−1 at 1.5 C. In addition, the cycling reversibility of the nano-sized MCs is more stable than that of the sub-micron sized MCs modified with CTAB and no surfactant respectively.