bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plus-Size Fashion Influencers and Disruptive Black Bodies
Authors: Duthely Regina M.
Published: June 2022

This project examines the ways that Black plus-size fashion influencers disrupt normative beauty standards (thin, White, cis, able-bodied) through visual self-fashioning in the digital public. Because Black women’s bodies are inscribed with meaning by hegemonic systems that deem them ugly, lazy, angry, and therefore unworthy of respect, care, or safety, Black women are constantly working to rewrite narratives and ideologies regarding their lives. Fat Black women reclaim agency via their embodied rhetorical acts by forwarding Fat Black women’s ontologies into the digital public. Rather than attempting to conform to dominant standards that center White, thin, cis, able-bodied women and hope for acceptance into mainstream spaces, Black women create their own ways and spaces of being and knowing in the digital public that serve to transform those publics.
The Definition of the Term “Orthogeriatric Infection” for Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Walter Nike , Rupp Markus , Bärtl Susanne , Uecker Claus , Alt Volker
Published: June 2022

Introduction

In the background of the aging population, an increase of geriatric patients with specific age-related co-morbidities has already been seen over the years for proximal femur fractures in orthopaedic surgery as well as other medical disciplines. However, the geriatric aspect has not been well recognized in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) patients so far. Therefore, this paper seeks to provide an overview on the co-morbidities of PJI patients with respect to the definition of geriatric patients.

Material and methods

In this single-center retrospective study, patients treated between 2007 and 2020 for PJI were included (n = 255). Patients were defined as geriatric according to the consensus definition criteria of the Federal Working Group of Clinical Geriatric Facilities e.V., the German Society for Geriatrics e.V. and the German Society for Gerontology and Geriatrics e.V. based on age (≤70 years), geriatric multimorbidity and the Barthel index (≤30).

Results

Applying the criteria defined 184 of the 255 (72.2%) PJI patients as geriatric infection patients. Regarding geriatric comorbidity, incontinence was most prevalent (38.1%), followed by immobility (25.6%). Comparing the geriatric infection patients with those classified as non-geriatric (n = 71) revealed that geriatric patients had a longer hospital stay and spent more days in the intensive care unit (ICU). Also, the amputation rate and the 5-year mortality rate was significantly increased (n = 15, 8.2% vs n = 1, 1.4%, P = .007 and n = 24, 13.0% vs n = 5, 7.0%, P = .005). The Barthel index showed a significant correlation with mortality ( r = −.22, P = .011).

Discussion

We propose to use the term orthogeriatric infection patients in those cases in order to focus treatment not only on the orthopaedic infections but also on the important geriatric aspects.

Conclusion

The inclusion of geriatric physicians into the multidisciplinary team approach for PJI patients might be beneficial.
What do we know about corporate social responsibility and stakeholders physical activity? A Public Health Perspective
Authors: Johansson Malin , Hiswåls Anne-Sofie , Svennberg Lena , Macassa Gloria
Published: June 2022

In the past decade and in the context of sustainable development, business organizations have been expected to partner with governments and others to address societal problems, including those pertinent to population health. Accordingly, through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies and policies, companies should collaborate in health promotion efforts to modify the effects of the health determinants (including those concerning behavior change) affecting internal and external stakeholders. Although CSR strategies and policies are linked to stakeholder health and wellbeing (e.g. employee satisfaction), little is known of how these strategies affect physical activity. Thus, this perspective paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the topic by investigating what scientific evidence exists regarding the relationship between CSR and physical activity. So far there are indications that some business are implementing CSR activities targeting internal (e.g. employees) and external (e.g. consumers) stakeholders, especially in developed countries. Furthermore, among external stakeholders, CSR activities with a physical activity component targeted children, youth, the disabled, the under-privileged, and the elderly. However, there is still very little empirical evidence available using appropriate quantitative and qualitative designs. Public health and health science researchers in general should strive to advance our understanding of how CSR affects population health behavior, paving the way to develop frameworks for resilient, ethical, and sustainable health promotion.
COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and attitudes among Egyptian medical students
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Shaimaa Baher , Rashad Salem Marwa , Al Hanafy Salah Hassan , Sayad Ayad Sherry , Bayad Ahmed T , Shaheen Dina Samy , Tawfik Amin Tarek
Published: June 2022

Background:

This study aimed to assess perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among medical students.

Methods:

A consecutive convenient sample of 2100 university students representing the student’s union network were included using an electronic self-administered questionnaire. About 12 items were used to assess attitudes and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

Results:

A total of 2100 volunteers responded to the survey. All ages ranged from 18 to 25 years, 69% were females, and 57.3% were from urban residences. According to their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 49.7% accepted, 38.5% hesitated, and 11.8% refused vaccination. Out of 60 scales measuring their attitudes, a median total score of 46.0 (42.0–49.0) differed significantly in relation to genders, residence, and vaccine decision-making groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants who consented that COVID-19 mass vaccination could prevent the spread of infection in the community and stop the pandemic have 1.9 higher odds of accepting vaccination ( p = 0.003). Additionally, the participants who believed that the vaccine had no severe infection or side effects were 3.1 and 2.8 higher folds for vaccine acceptance, respectively ( p = 0.001). Moreover, participants who thought it was not too early for clinical trials were 4.3 times more likely to take the vaccine ( p = 0.001). Individuals who agreed that information about vaccine side effects better to discuss openly with the authorities were 2.8 times more likely to accept vaccination than other hesitating/ refusing groups, p-value < 0.001.

Conclusions:

Understanding students’ perspectives of the COVID-19 vaccine and supporting their health engagement and awareness may help plan an adequate response.
Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and bio-nanocomposites: Recent advances and challenges
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Reza , Alavi Mehran , Taran Mojtaba , Kahrizi Danial
Published: June 2022

The applications of nanomaterials specifically metal and metal nanoparticles in various medical and industrial fields have been due to their unique properties compared to bulk materials. A combination of pharmacology and nanotechnology has helped the production of novel antimicrobial agents to control resistant microorganisms of bacteria and fungi. The properties of metal nanoparticles and metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) are well known as efficient antimicrobial agents. In particular, TiO2 nanoparticles have been considered as an attractive antimicrobial compound due to their photocatalytic intrinsic and their stable, non-toxic, inexpensive, and safe physicochemical properties. Therefore, in this review, recent advances and challenges of antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and bio-nanocomposites are presented to help future studies.
State of the art: The Unilateral Cleft lip and Nose Deformity and Anatomic Subunit Approximation
Authors: Tse Raymond W. , Fisher David M.
Published: June 2022

The anatomic subunit approximation approach to unilateral cleft lip repair was developed over 20 years ago. While the underlying principles of the repair are unchanged, its description has been simplified, additional landmarks and creases have been added, and objective analysis of perioperative changes have provided better clarity regarding goals and desired alterations. We review recent insights regarding the deformity; describe the repair in a simplified manner; and link a stepwise approach to foundation-based primary rhinoplasty as a part of the avenue to creating nasolabial balance and harmony.
Almost 50% of young alpine and mogul skiers who had ended their elite careers after high school reported this was due to injuries
Authors: Abrahamson Josefin , Jónasson Pall , Sansone Mikael , Aminoff Anna Swärd , Todd Carl , Karlsson Jón , Baranto Adad
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate activity level, sports career and injuries in young elite alpine and ogul skiers five years after High school graduation.

Methods:

All students (n=76) at Åre Ski Academy High school (National Sports High school) were invited to participate in this prospective study at baseline. Two skiers were excluded. They answered questions regarding type and frequency of training and symptoms/injuries in the back and/or hips. Five years after graduation the skiers were contacted, by phone, to answer the same questions with additional questions about the reason why they no longer were at the same level or had finished skiing.

Results:

Sixty (81%) skiers answered the 5-year follow-up. Totally, 44 skiers (73%) had ended their elite careers, in mean 1 year after graduation. Of those, 48% (21 skiers) reported injuries were the reason they were forced to quit. Ten had back injuries, 6 knee injuries, 3 concussions and two hip injuries.

Conclusion:

Almost 75% of young alpine and mogul skiers had ended their elite skiing careers, with 48% reported this was due to injuries from their skiing.
Three hours of Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Reduces Glucose Tolerance in Endurance Trained Athletes
Authors: Flockhart M , Tischer D , Nilsson LC , Blackwood SJ , Ekblom B , Katz A , Apró W , Larsen FJ
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

It is well accepted that exercise training improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, and that endurance trained athletes in general show a high capacity for these parameters. However, some studies have observed negative effects on glucose regulation in healthy, trained subjects the day after exercise. These, often unexpected, results have been postulated to be caused by excessive training loads, muscle damage, energy deficit, differences in glucose uptake in the exercised and non-exercised musculature and a metabolic interaction through increased fatty acid metabolism. The mode or volume of exercise that can lead to glucose intolerance in trained athletes as well as its relevance for health and performance are, however, not fully understood. We here studied the metabolic response to a glucose load the day after a session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or three hours of continuous exercise (3h) in endurance trained athletes and compared the results with measurements during rest.

Methods:

Nine endurance trained athletes underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) after rest and ˜14 hours after exercise on a cycle ergometer (HIIT 5x4 minutes at ˜95% of VO2max or 3h at 65% of VO2max). Concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA) and ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a RM one-way ANOVA.

Results:

The area under the curve (AUC) during the OGTT increased greatly after 3h (668±124 mM · min) (p<0.01) compared to rest (532±89) but was found to be unchanged after HIIT (541±96). Resting values of FFA and ketones were increased after 3h (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) but not after HIIT. Insulin was found to be unaltered during all conditions.

Conclusion:

Here, we show manifestation of glucose intolerance in endurance trained athletes together with concomitant increases in plasma concentrations of FFA and ketones the day after a session of prolonged exercise training but not after HIIT. This could be a protective response for securing glucose delivery to the brain and therefore have a positive effect on endurance. It also has the potential to reduce the recovery of glycogen depots, glucose uptake during exercise and performance at higher work rates.
Impact of Transitioning to Remote Learning on Student Learning Interactions and Sense of Belonging Among Public Health Graduate Students
Authors: Zamora Astrid N. , August Ella , Fossee Erica , Anderson Olivia S.
Published: June 2022

Student learning interactions and a sense of belonging are imperative to academic success within distance education settings. In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, students who intended to be educated through in-person learning environments had to shift to remote learning suddenly. In public health, a field that emphasizes experiential and interactive learning, instructors and graduate students enrolled in residential in-person programs transitioned to remote learning with limited knowledge of how this transition would impact student learning interactions and a sense of belonging. To address these gaps, we examined how remote learning impacted Master of Public Health students’ learning interactions with peers, instructors, course content, as well as their sense of belonging in an overall sample and stratified by program year. We found that students perceived challenges interacting with peers, content, and instructors, such as a lack of community and an inability to interact with instructors during course discussions. Students reported not feeling a sense of belonging when engaging with peers and instructors. Findings from this study shed light on the challenges that emerged after students transitioned to remote learning, namely disrupted student learning interactions and a decreased sense of belonging. The study provides recommendations for future remote teaching, which may be of utility to university instructors and administrators tasked with creating and implementing an interactive remote learning curriculum that provides students with a community to foster learning.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Concerning Covid-19 Preventive Measures Among Healthcare Providers in Jordan
Authors: Amro Fayez Majed , Rayan Ahmad Hussien , Eshah Nidal Fareed , ALBashtawy Mohammed Sa'd
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 preventive measures and related factors.

Methods

Descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 140 Jordanian healthcare providers working in COVID-19 units from governmental hospitals completed the study during February–March 2021. A self-reported measure with three domains: knowledge (e.g., COVID-19 transmissions), attitudes (e.g., COVID-19 vaccination), and practices (e.g., handwashing) were used. An independent t-test was performed to assess the difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on demographic and work-related variables, while Pearson r and multiple linear regression were performed to identify the relationships between the study variables and the predictors of COVID-19 preventive practices.

Results

The majority of the participants had good knowledge (81.4%), good attitude (87.1%), and satisfactory practice (77.9%). Knowledge was significantly associated with attitude and practice ( p < .01), and attitude was significantly associated with practice ( p < .01). There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on the existence of infection control policy, availability of PPE, and receiving infection control training ( p < .05). Predictors of COVID-19 practice included knowledge and attitude, PPE availability, and receiving training on infection control ( p < .05).

Conclusion

This result might suggest that there are some gaps between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures. Lack of PPE and inadequate infection control training could contribute to this gap.
Is there any connection between choroidal thickness and obesity?
Authors: Askarizadeh Farshad , Heirani Mohsen , Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Narooie-Noori Foroozan , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Ostadrahimi Alireza
Published: June 2022

Obesity is a health-threatening and epidemic medical condition that can affect individuals of different ages and is potentially associated with an increased risk of systemic and ocular disorders. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of obesity on different parts of the body vasculature, less published data are available concerning obesity-related consequences on the ocular vasculature. As the human choroid is a highly vascularized tissue, its morphology and function might be altered in obese individuals. The micro-structural changes within the choroid could also trigger development of subsequent functional abnormalities of the eye. Previous population-based studies have asserted an association between obesity and choroidal thickness; however, they reported conflicting patterns of association between obesity and changes in choroidal thickness. Therefore, to enhance our understanding of the changes in choroidal morphology secondary to obesity, we reviewed studies describing the micro-structural consequences of obesity on the choroidal thickness profile and its underlying physiological and anatomical basis. This review includes all original publications related to the association between choroidal thickness and obesity published until mid-2021 that were indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, or Scopus.
Employee Development Using Business Simulation Games
Authors: Fuloria Sanjay
Published: June 2022

Employee development is not a choice for most organisations. It is something to be done to motivate employees and to keep them engaged. Different training and self-learning methods are used by employers for employee development. This article proposes the use of business simulation games, which offer many learning benefits to participants while keeping them engaged. This article also provides an example of a business simulation game, which illustrates how a multidisciplinary approach can be used for the development of employees.
Employee Development: The Changing Paradigm
Authors: Sambasivam Kishore
Published: June 2022

The HR function in corporate India has come of age post the liberalisation of the economy in the last decade of the twentieth century. India is not immune to ‘The Great Resignation’ that has buffeted companies across the globe. The HR function needs to transform itself and focus on creating an organisation for the future—focusing on being a crucible for nurturing great talent. The existing linear approach to managing careers will have to give way to a more agile and democratic talent marketplace. There are many offerings available in this space, and this article intends to share some best practices in this aspect.
Early cardiac response is possible in stage IIIb cardiac AL amyloidosis and is associated with prolonged survival
Authors: Basset Marco , Milani Paolo , Foli Andrea , Nuvolone Mario , Benvenuti Pietro , Nanci Martina , Fabris Francesca , Bellofiore Claudia , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis and stage IIIb cardiac involvement have a dismal outcome despite the introduction of novel treatments. However, a rapid hematologic response translates in better survival. We evaluated the impact of early cardiac response and its depth on outcome in 249 patients with newly diagnosed stage IIIb cardiac AL amyloidosis. Hematologic and cardiac responses were evaluated by intent to treat. After a median follow-up of 52 months, 219 (84%) patients died, and median survival was 4.2 months. The 30- and 90-day hematologic response rates were 22% (at least very good partial response [VGPR] in 9%) and 24% (at least VGPR in 15%), respectively. Early hematologic response resulted in better survival. At 90 days, 21 (8%) patients achieved a cardiac response (cardiac very good partial response [cardiac VGPR] in 12 cases and cardiac partial response [cardiac PR] in 9). At the 90-day landmark analysis, cardiac response resulted in longer survival (median, 54 months), also in those patients who have achieved at least VGPR (median, 62 vs 26 months, P = .011). Patients with cardiac VGPR had a longer survival than those with cardiac PR (median, 92 vs 24 months; P = .027), whereas patients without cardiac response had a poor survival (median, 6 months). A baseline difference of involved/uninvolved free light chains > 50 mg/L (odds ratio [OR], 0.21, P = .024) and a bone marrow plasma cell infiltrate > 10% (OR, 0.23, P = .040) were negative predictors of 90-day cardiac response. Early cardiac responses are rare but possible in stage IIIb AL amyloidosis and translate to longer survival.
The VWF binding aptamer rondoraptivon pegol increases platelet counts and VWF/FVIII in type 2B von Willebrand disease
Authors: Ay Cihan , Pabinger Ingrid , Kovacevic Katarina D. , Gelbenegger Georg , Schörgenhofer Christian , Quehenberger Peter , Jilma-Stohlawetz Petra , Sunder-Plassman Raute , Gilbert James C. , Zhu Shuhao , Jilma Bernd , Derhaschnig Ulla
Published: June 2022

Type 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by an increased binding affinity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to platelet glycoprotein Ib. This can lead to clearance of high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers and thrombocytopenia with a resulting moderate-severe bleeding phenotype. Rondoraptivon pegol (BT200) is a pegylated aptamer binding to the A1 domain of VWF with a novel mechanism of action: it enhances VWF/factor VIII (FVIII) levels by decreasing their clearance. To study the potential benefit of rondoraptivon pegol in patients with type 2B VWD, we conducted a prospective phase 2 trial. Patients with type 2B VWD received 3 mg rondoraptivon pegol subcutaneously on study days 1, 4, and 7, followed by 6 to 9 mg every week until day 28. Five patients (male:female ratio = 3:2) were included. Rondoraptivon pegol rapidly tripled platelet counts from a median of 60 to 179 × 10E9/L (P < .001). Circulating VWF antigen increased from a median of 64% to 143%, which doubled FVIII activity levels from 67% to 134%. In all thrombocytopenic patients, plasma levels of VWF:GPIbM normalized, VWF ristocetin cofactor and VWF collagen-binding activity increased, and HMW multimers appeared. These pronounced improvements reversed during washout of the drug, thus demonstrating causality. The A1 domain binding aptamer directly corrects the underlying defect of type 2B VWD, thus providing a novel potential option for prophylaxis and treatment of patients with this VWD type. These data provide the basis for a phase 2b/3 trial in such patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04677803.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Asp298Glu (894G/T) gene polymorphism as a possible risk factor for the coronary slow flow phenomenon among Iranians
Authors: Karimi Yeganeh , Sehati Fatemeh , Sarreshtedari Ali , Mirzad Mina , Khalili Yasaman , Kiani Reza , Taheri Bajgan Elham , Hosseini Moghadam Maryam , Mehrvarz Farzaneh , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Parham Maryam , Malakootian Mahshid , Sadeghipour Parham
Published: June 2022

Background

Mounting evidence indicates an association between endothelial dysfunction and the coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 894G/T and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 315C/T polymorphisms as possible risk factors for CSFP.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled patients with CSFP and individuals with normal coronary arteries. Genotypes were assessed using regular polymerase chain reaction and direct Sanger-sequencing techniques.

Results

The study population consisted of 267 individuals: 180 patients with CSFP (49 women [27.2%]) at a median age of 55 (48–62) years and 87 controls with normal coronary arteries (56 women [64.4%]) at a median age of 47 (41–58) years. The allelic distribution of eNOS 894G/T was significantly associated with CSFP (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–2.42; P = 0.03). This polymorphism increased the risk of CSFP under the dominant model (OR 1.73; 95% CI I.02–2.95; P = 0.04). However, the allelic frequencies (1.05; 95% CI 0.68–1.59; P = 0.83) and genotypic frequencies (0.88; 95% CI 0.52–1.49; P = 0.63) of the IL-1β 315C/T polymorphism were not associated with the incidence of CSFP in the Iranian population.

Conclusions

The CSFP and control groups were statistically different regarding the eNOS 894G/T polymorphism. Our findings also demonstrated that the IL-1β 315C/T polymorphism was not a risk factor for CSFP.
Feasibility study of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 after curative esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Hirahara Noriyuki , Matsubara Takeshi , Kaji Shunsuke , Hayashi Hikota , Kawakami Koki , Sasaki Yohei , Takao Satoshi , Takao Natsuko , Hyakudomi Ryoji , Yamamoto Tetsu , Tajima Yoshitsugu
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite advances in surgical techniques, long-term survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer remains unacceptably low, and more effective perioperative chemotherapy is expected. However, an important concern regarding the application of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is treatment toxicity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 in patients after esophagectomy.

Methods

We investigated the tolerability of a 2-week administration followed by 1-week rest regimen of S1 as postoperative adjuvant therapy in 20 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 22 patients who did not receive NAC during 2011–2020.

Results

In the non-NAC group, the mean and median relative dose intensity (RDI) were 78.7% and 99.4%, respectively, and 11 patients (50%) had altered treatment schedules. The corresponding rates in the NAC group were 77.9% and 100%, respectively, and nine patients (45%) had altered treatment schedules, with no significant difference among the groups. Moreover, 17 patients (77.2%) in the non-NAC group and 16 patients (80.0%) in the NAC group continued S-1 treatment as planned for one year postoperatively, with no significant difference in the S-1 continuation rate (p = 0.500). Seventeen of 22 patients (77.3%) and 15 of 20 patients (75.0%) experienced several adverse events in the non-NAC and NAC groups, respectively. The frequency, severity, and type of adverse events were consistent among patients with and without NAC.

Conclusions

S-1 could be safely and continuously administered as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer regardless of NAC. Long-term prognosis should be evaluated for S-1 to become the standard treatment after esophagectomy.
Efficacy and safety of trans-sub-Tenon's retrobulbar anesthesia for pars plana vitrectomy: a randomized trial
Authors: Xu Qian , Ren Meiqing , Guan Juanjuan , Shi Guihong , Ni Yan , Luan Jie
Published: June 2022

Aim

To compare the efficacy and safety of trans-sub-Tenon's ciliary nerve block anesthesia and transcutaneous retrobulbar anesthesia in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted at Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated with Southeast University, from February 2021 to October 2021. Patients undergoing PPV were randomly allocated into two groups: the trans-sub-Tenon's anesthesia group (ST group) and the retrobulbar anesthesia group (RB group) in the ratio of 1:1. The ST group received 2 ml ropivacaine through the Tenon capsule to the retrobulbar space, while the RB group received 2 ml ropivacaine via transcutaneous retrobulbar injection. Visual analog score (VAS) was used to evaluate pain during the whole process, including during anesthesia implementation, intraoperatively and on the first day after the operation. Movement evaluation (Brahma scores) and anesthesia-related complications were also noted.

Results

Finally, a total of 120 patients were included in the study (60 in the ST group and 60 in the RB group). There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics or surgical features between the two groups. The VAS pain scores for anesthesia implementation were 0.52 ± 0.47 in the ST group and 1.83 ± 0.87 in the RB group (P < 0.001). The VAS scores during the operation were 0.53 ± 0.49 in the ST group and 1.48 ± 1.02 in the RB group (P < 0.001) and those on the first day after the operation were 0.37 ± 0.38 in the ST group and 0.81 ± 0.80 in the RB group (P = 0.002). No patients required supplemental intravenous anesthesia intraoperatively. The Brahma movement scores were 0.70 ± 1.64 in the ST group (scores ranging from 0 to 8) and 2.38 ± 3.15 in the RB group (ranging from 0 to 12) (P = 0.001). Forty-two patients in each group received laser photocoagulation during surgery. Fifteen patients (36%) in the ST group could not see the flashes of the laser, compared to 8 patients (19%) in the RB group (P = 0.087). No serious sight-threatening or life-threatening complications related to anesthesia were observed in either group.

Conclusions

For PPV, trans-sub-Tenon's ciliary nerve block anesthesia was more effective in controlling pain than transcutaneous retrobulbar anesthesia during the whole surgery process, including during anesthesia implementation, intraoperatively and on the first day after the operation. Additionally, it could achieve better effect of akinesia and was relatively safe. Trans-sub-Tenon's anesthesia could be considered an alternative form of local anesthesia during vitreoretinal procedures.

Trial registration

The study protocol has been registered at ChiCTR.org.cn on February 2021 under the number ChiCTR2100043109.
Putative protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on atrial fibrillation through risk factor modulation and off-target actions: potential mechanisms and future directions
Authors: Shetty Syona S , Krumerman Andrew
Published: June 2022

Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, results in substantial morbidity and mortality related to its increased risks of stroke, heart failure, and impaired cognitive function. The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the general population is rising, making atrial fibrillation treatment and management of its risk factors highly relevant clinical targets. One well-studied risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation is diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), common medications used to treat diabetes mellitus, have been observed to decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation. This review discusses the SGLT2 and its role in glucose homeostasis, molecules inhibiting the transporter, possible physiological mechanisms responsible for the decreased incident atrial fibrillation in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and proposes mechanistic studies to further our understanding of the biological processes involved.
VEGF-B targeting by aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates the migration and invasion of choriocarcinoma stem-like cells
Authors: Tan Qianxia , Cai Jingting , Peng Jingping , Hu Cui , Wu ChenChun , Liu Huining
Published: June 2022

Unlike other members of the VEGF family, the function of VEGF-B in tumor progression remains to be elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the function of VEGF-B in human choriocarcinoma cells by investigating its detailed effects and molecular mechanisms. VEGF-B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis and western blot analysis in JEG-3 cells and choriocarcinoma stem-like cells (CSLCs) and their proliferation, migration, and invasion after the transfection of short hairpin RNA VEGF-B, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; AhR agonist) treatment or StemRegenin 1 (SR1; AhR antagonist) treatment were examined by cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. In addition, luciferase reporter analysis and bioinformatics data mining were used to investigate the association between VEGF-B and AhR. Upregulation of VEGF-B and AhR expression was observed in CSLCs. Following VEGF-B knockdown or SR1 treatment, the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of CSLCs were significantly decreased, contrary to the findings after TCDD treatment. It was also found that AhR enhanced VEGF-B transcriptional activity by binding to the relative promoter region. These observations indicated that VEGF-B may be an oncogene that promotes choriocarcinoma cell migration and invasion targeted by AhR. Therefore, targeting VEGF-B may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for choriocarcinoma.
The efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with language training for motor aphasia after stroke: study protocol for a multicenter randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Deng Shizhe , Sang Bomo , Li Boxuan , Lu Hai , Zhang Lili , Tian Guang , Hao Ting , Zhang Yufeng , Shi Lei , Sun Kaihang , Ba Te , Li Feng , Kong Ying , Qin Mengni , Zhang Jianli , Zhao Xiaofeng , Meng Zhihong
Published: June 2022

Background

Motor aphasia after stroke is a common and intractable complication of stroke. Acupuncture and language training may be an alternative and effective approach. However, the efficacy of acupuncture and language training for motor aphasia after stroke has not been confirmed. The main objectives of this trial are to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and low-intensity, low-dose language training in treating ischemic motor aphasia after stroke from 15 to 90 days.

Methods

This is a multicenter randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. We will allocate 252 subjects aged between 45 and 75 years diagnosed with motor aphasia after stroke with an onset time ranging from 15 to 90 days into two groups randomly in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the experimental group will be treated with “Xing-Nao Kai-Qiao” acupuncture therapy plus language training, and those in the control group will be treated with sham-acupoint (1 cun next to the acupoints) acupuncture therapy plus language training. All the patients will be given acupuncture and language training for 6 weeks, with a follow-up evaluation 6 weeks after the end of the treatment and 6 months after the onset time. The patients will mainly be evaluated using the Western Aphasia Battery and Chinese Functional Communication Profile, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks of treatment will be recorded. The baseline characteristics of the patients will be summarized by group, the chi-squared test will be used to compare categorical variables, and repeated measures of analysis of variance or a linear mixed model will be applied to analyze the changes measured at different time points.

Discussion

The present study is designed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of traditional acupuncture therapy and language training in ischemic motor aphasia after stroke and explore the correlation between the treatment time and clinical effect of acupuncture. We hope our results will help doctors understand and utilize acupuncture combined with language training.

Trial registration

ChiCTR ChiCTR1900026740. Registered on 20 October 2019
Novel silver metformin nano-structure to impede virulence of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Abbas Hisham A. , Shaker Ghada H. , Mosallam Farag M. , Gomaa Salwa E.
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent etiological agent of health care associated and community acquired infections. Antibiotic abuse resulted in developing multidrug resistance in S. aureus that complicates treatment of infections. Targeting bacterial virulence using FDA approved medication offers an alternative to the antibiotics with no stress on bacterial viability. Using nanomaterials as anti-virulence agent against S. aureus virulence factors is a valuable approach. This study aims to investigate the impact of metformin (MET), metformin nano (MET-Nano), silver metformin nano structure (Ag-MET-Ns) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on S. aureus virulence and pathogenicity. The in vitro results showed a higher inhibitory activity against S. aureus virulence factors with both MET-Nano and Ag-MET-Ns treatment. However, genotypically, it was found that except for agrA and icaR genes that are upregulated, the tested agents significantly downregulated the expression of crtM, sigB, sarA and fnbA genes, with Ag-MET-Ns being the most efficient one. MET-Nano exhibited the highest protection against S. aureus infection in mice. These data indicate the promising anti-virulence activity of nanoformulations especially Ag-MET-Ns against multidrug resistant S. aureus by inhibiting quorum sensing signaling system.
African smallholder farmers and the treatment of livestock diseases using ethnoveterinary medicine: A commentary
Authors: Nwafor Ifeoma Chinyelu , Nwafor Christopher Ugochukwu
Published: June 2022

Often touted as an ancient and sustainable practice among indigenous livestock farmers in developing countries, the use of ethno-veterinary medicine is examined within the context of its efficacy. While there are undoubtedly positive implications for adopting knowledge and practice that align with nature, there is both prevalence and ambivalence to the adoption of indigenous plant knowledge and resources for the treatment of livestock infections and diseases. This situation is due to the lack of validation and standardization of the practice in low-income countries, requiring scholarly efforts in developing this indigenous knowledge system. This is a short communication piece that provides a commentary on the issues that pertain to ethno-veterinary practice among rural livestock farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
The impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of target populations
Authors: Gough Ethan K.
Published: June 2022

Antibiotics have become a mainstay of healthcare in the past century due to their activity against pathogens. This manuscript reviews the impact of antibiotic use on the intestinal microbiota in the context of mass drug administration (MDA). The importance of the gut microbiota to human metabolism and physiology is now well established, and antibiotic exposure may impact host health via collateral effects on the microbiota and its functions. To gain further insight into how gut microbiota respond to antibiotic perturbation and the implications for public health, factors that influence the impact of antibiotic exposure on the microbiota, potential health outcomes of antibiotic-induced microbiota alterations, and strategies that have the potential to ameliorate these wider antibiotic-associated microbiota perturbations are also reviewed.

Graphical Abstract
A validation of abstracted dive profiles relayed via the Argos satellite system: a case study of a loggerhead turtle
Authors: Kishida Narumi , Okuyama Junichi , Arita Mamiko , Kume Natsuki , Fujita Kento , Nishizawa Hideaki , Torisawa Shinsuke , Mitsunaga Yasushi
Published: June 2022

Satellite telemetry devices can record movement data of animals along with the environmental data. Such data are relayed remotely via satellite systems, but are constrained by the limited bandwidth availability. A satellite relay data logger (SRDL) that can abstract dive profiles and compress the data for transmission using a broken stick model (BSM) has been widely used in studies on dive behavior and physiology of marine animals. However, there is still uncertainty in the abstracted dive profiles. Here, we aimed to evaluate the certainty of abstracted dive profiles (via satellite communication) in terms of dive performance (dive depth, duration, and dive type) by comparing it with the actual dive data (from the retrieved tag) in a loggerhead turtle deployed with the SRDL throughout a 1.4-year foraging period. There was no significant difference in the maximum dive depth between the retrieved and satellite transmission data; however, there was a slight but significant difference in the dive duration. The dives from both datasets were classified into five types. Inconsistent dive classifications occurred in 1.7% of the data. There was no significant difference in the proportion of time spent diving between the retrieved and satellite transmission data for each type during the common recording period. In monthly scale comparisons, however, a significant difference was detected when the amount of data via satellite transmission was the smallest. Our results demonstrated that the dive data abstracted using BSM almost reconstructed the actual dive profiles with certainty in a loggerhead turtle, although slight inconsistencies were observed.
Facile fabrication of silver-nanowire-based chips using dry-film photoresist for wearable optical detection
Authors: Amicucci Chiara , Ha Heebo , Matteini Paolo , Hwang Byungil
Published: June 2022

With technological advances in wearable health care monitoring system, there increasing demands for the patterning technology for reliable sensors. Dry-film photoresists (DFRs) have several advantages for the patterning of silver nanowires (AgNWs), including cost-effectiveness, low toxicity of the process, and ease of mass production through a roll-to-roll process. In this study, using DFRs, we achieved the facile fabrication of AgNW-based chips for optical detection of myoglobin (Mb) via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Mb is found in accessible biological fluids such as urine and serum, which is a representative protein biomarker for human health monitoring. AgNWs were successfully patterned on polyethylene terephthalate films using DFR to form multiple spots, with a diameter of ~500 µm, that are available for detection. SERS spectra showed that the AgNW chips can efficiently detect myoglobin proteins down to levels of clinical significance. Our results will provide insights for the cost-effective production method of futuristic health care monitoring system.
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among maintenance hemodialysis patients: an Egyptian survey study
Authors: Tharwat Samar , Khairallah Marwa K. , Nassar Mohammed Kamal , Nassar Dalia Kamal , Nagy Eman
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality especially among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. COVID-19 vaccination is important to decrease risk and severity of COVID-19 infection. However, vaccine hesitancy is a significant barrier to vaccination. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the vaccine acceptability among Egyptian MHD patients.

Methods

We conducted a paper-based survey on 237 MHD patients in 2 tertiary Egyptian hemodialysis (HD) centers. The survey consisted of a questionnaire that addressed demographic and clinical data, knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection and vaccines, beliefs regarding both conventional and COVID-19 vaccines, intention of COVID-19 vaccination together with motivators for and barriers against vaccination, sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

According to intention to be vaccinated, the patients were divided into vaccine acceptant (VA), hesitant (VH), and resistant (VR) groups who comprised 58.3%, 26.5%, and 15.2%, respectively. Only occupational status and residency were significantly different between the three groups. In 60% of VA group, fear of infection was the main motivator for vaccination. Meanwhile, 40% of VH and VR groups reported that fear of serious side effects of vaccines was the main barrier against vaccination. Television was the primary information source (58.6%) about COVID-19 vaccination while only 18% of patients got their COVID-19 vaccine information from their nephrologists.

Conclusions

More than half of MHD patients accept to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine acceptability is not associated with age, gender, educational level, but rather with employment status and residency.
Genomic Landscape of Advanced Solid Tumors in Circulating Tumor DNA and Correlation With Tissue Sequencing: A Single Institution's Experience
Authors: Gerratana Lorenzo , Movarek Michael , Wehbe Firas , Katam Neelima , Mahalingam Devalingam , Donahue Jeannine , Shah Ami , Chae Young K. , Mulcahy Mary , Tsarwhas Dean , Villaflor Victoria , Kalyan Aparna , Hussein Maha , Patel Jyoti , Chandra Sunandana , Platanias Leonidas C. , Gradishar William , Cristofanilli Massimo , Behdad Amir
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive biomarker for baseline characterization and longitudinal monitoring of a tumor throughout disease management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ctDNA across a wide spectrum of tumor types.

METHODS

We retrospectively identified 1,763 patients with advanced cancers who had next-generation sequencing of ctDNA or tumor tissue completed by a designated commercial assay at Northwestern University.

RESULTS

ctDNA identified at least one gene alteration in 90% of patients. The number of detected alterations (NDA) and mutant allele frequency (MAF) of the most frequently mutated genes varied significantly across tumor types, with the highest MAF observed in gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers and the highest NDA observed in colorectal, lung squamous, and ovarian/endometrial cancers. TP53 was the most mutated gene in all tumor types. PIK3CA, ERBB2, BRCA1, and FGFR1 alterations were associated with breast cancer, and ESR1 mutations were exclusively detected in this tumor type. Colorectal cancer was characterized by alterations in KRAS and APC mutations, whereas KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations were common in lung adenocarcinoma. Concordance between blood and tissue sequencing was notably observed for truncal gene alterations (eg, APC and KRAS), whereas low concordance was often observed in genes associated with treatment resistance mechanisms (eg, RB1 and NF1). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) varied significantly across tumor types, and patients with high MAF or NDA had a significantly higher TMB score with one of the investigated platforms.

CONCLUSION

The study provided new insights into the ctDNA mutational landscape across solid tumors, suggesting new hypotheses-generating data and caveats for future histotype-agnostic workflows integrated with tissue-based biomarkers such as TMB.