bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Intravascular Intervention for Central Venous Stenosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Tao Yiming , Wang Jianyun , Ma Jianchao , Peng Siqi , Chen Boxi , Deng Shuting , Yuan Ye , Jiang Nan , Wen Sichun , Li Bohou , Wu Qiong , Xu Lixia , Li Sijia , Lin Ting , Wen Feng , Fu Lei , Li Zhuo , Huang Renwei , He Chaosheng , Wang Wenjian , Ye Zhiming , Feng Zhonglin , Shi Wei , Liu Shuangxin
Published: October 2023

Background
The number of people undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is increasing rapidly worldwide. Owing to the widespread use of temporary catheterization, central vein stenosis (CVS) is a common vascular complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CVS and the clinical effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone and sequential percutaneous transluminal stenting (PTS) in hemodialysis patients with CVS.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of endovascular intervention for CVS using PTA alone or sequential PTS was performed. The characteristics of CVS and the clinical effectiveness of these procedures were evaluated.
Results
This study included 26 hemodialysis patients who presented with symptomatic CVS. Of these 26 patients, 53.85% were male, and their mean age was approximately 54.96 years. All the patients had a history of catheter placement or pacemaker implantation. The incidence of brachiocephalic vein stenosis was significantly higher than that of subclavian vein stenosis (46.16% vs. 26.92%). Based on the degree of stenosis and elastic retraction, these patients were administered PTA alone or sequential PTS. There was no difference in patient age, hemodialysis time, catheter retention time, or stenosis length between the PTA alone and sequential PTS groups. However, the degree of venous stenosis in the PTS group was more severe than that in the PTA alone group. The primary patency rates in the sequential PTS and PTA alone groups were 94.12% and 100% at 3 months; 88.24% and 88.89% at 6 months; 75.00% and 85.71% at 9 months; and 66.67% and 71.43% at 12 months, respectively. The patency rate of the PTA alone group with central venous elastic retraction of < 50% was consistent with the patency rate of the sequential PTS group with central venous elastic retraction of ≥ 50%. It is worth noting that for 7 patients with complete occlusion of the brachiocephalic vein, we used sharp recanalization technology and stenting placement, with patency rates of 85.71% and 71.43% at 6 and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusions
PTA alone is recommended for patients with less than 50% central venous elastic retraction, while sequential PTS is recommended for patients with ≥ 50% central venous elastic retraction. PTA and PTS are safe and effective methods for the treatment of CVS in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Causal effects of general anaesthesia and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu GuangHeng , Zhang Jing , Hou NianGuo
Published: October 2023

Background
Previous studies have shown that perioperative patients would experience an increase in blood glucose levels due to the administration of multiple medicines. Some animal studies indicated the relationship between intravenous anaesthetic and insulin resistance. However, there is a lack of further research on the relationship between anaesthesia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate the potential causal effects between general anaesthesia and T2DM using Mendelian randomization(MR) method.
Methods
We obtained public available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of general anaesthesia from the Medical Research Council-integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) consortium. GWAS data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from a meta-analysis of GWAS of European ancestry. General anaesthesia includes inhalation anaesthetic using muscle relaxant; inhalation anaesthetic using endotracheal intubation; inhalation anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; other specified general anaesthetic; and unspecified general anaesthetic. Five MR methods including the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, Simple mode, and Weighted mode were used to test the causal relationship.
Results
The results of MR showed that both inhalation anaesthesia using endotracheal intubation (mean ± se: 6.05 ± 2.80, p < 0.05) and intravenous anaesthesia (22.19 ± 6.52, p < 0.001) would increase the risk of T2DM. The other general anaesthesia methods have no causal effect on the risk of T2DM.
Conclusion
This MR study supports that both inhalation anaesthesia using endotracheal and intravenous anaesthesia would increase the risk of T2DM. The result is consistent with previous researches. Further research on the underlying mechanisms should be carried out to evaluate the value of this result for the high-risk population of T2DM who need anaesthesia surgery.
Investigation of structural and optical Characteristics of Cerium-Doped Silicon-Rich Nitride thin films Deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: BEKHEDDA Kheira , TIOUR Faiza , MEFOUED Amine , MENARI Hamid , BOUDEFFAR Fatima , ACHOUR Wafaa
Published: October 2023

In this work, the silicon nanostructures were formed on silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods at low temperature Then, it was doped with Cerium (Ce) via a facile evaporation technique. Furthermore, the annealing temperature was varied in order to investigate its effective role in incorporating and activating rare earth ions in the SiNx matrix.
The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the films were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), photoluminescence spectroscopy and UV-Vis transmittance spectroscopy, respectively. SEM images demonstrated a good Ce3+ integration into silicon nitride, as well as great transparency in the visible region and outstanding UV absorption. The deposited thin films band gap was estimated to be in the range of 2.43-1.15 eV. Hence, the addition of Cerium (Ce) boosted the UV absorption of the films. Therefore, SiNx thin films as a function of Ce doping are promising candidates for photovoltaic application. moreover, a new silicon nitride compound was produced to promote research into new industrial materials. From an industrial standpoint, the development of novel inexpensive and controllable approaches based on silicon nitride phosphors should be expanded.
Haplotype analysis at HTT locus in Huntington’s disease patients from India
Authors: Purushottam Meera , Venkatesh Sowmya , Ganesh Akshaya , Viswanath Biju , Holla Vikram , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Varghese Mathew , Pal Pramod , Jain Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an increase in the number of CAG triplet repeats in exon 1 of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. Expansions that contain more than 39 repeats predispose to disease. Some specific genetic elements (SNPs), and the haplotypes they create (haplogroups A, B, and C), located at the HTT locus seem to impact CAG repeat instability, and thus the prevalence of disease across different ethnic groups. We describe the haplotype structure in HD patients from India, using previously described informative SNPs at the HTT locus. We found that 27.8% of the HD patients are associated with high-risk haplotype variants (A1 and A2) and identified new variants within haplogroup A2 and C in HD patients. However, the representative control populations (1000 Genome South Asian and Genome Asia India) showed a complete absence of haplogroup A1. The major haplogroup in both HD and control populations was A4. The distribution of haplogroups A, B, and C among Indian HD patients suggested a mixture of genetic influences from European, East Asian and African populations. Also, a new variant of Hap.15 was identified in the Hap.01-Hap.16 haplotype classification. Additionally, we propose a new haplotype classification specifically for HD patients in India. The novel HTT haplotypes (HT-1 to HT-7) classification exhibited significant heterogeneity in HD patients. The observed variation may be attributed to population heterogeneity or multiple ancestral origins.
Effect of alkyl-silane-modified supplementary cementitious materials on the workability, hydration, and strength of ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Zhang Yisheng , Li Yihang , Xiao Lutong , Lou Guanghui , Zou Dinghua
Published: October 2023

Two alkyl silanes, namely propyltriethoxysilane (PTOS) and triethoxyoctylsilane (TTOS), were used to modify the surfaces of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as silica fume and fly ash to enhance the workability of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The results showed a significant improvement in the workability of UHPC with saline modified SCMs. The hydrophobicity of the silanes inhibited the pozzolanic reaction of the SCMs after 1 day and 3 days, reducing the compressive and flexural strengths of the UHPC. However, PTOS accelerated the hydration after 3 days, which led to an improvement in the strength of UHPC. After 28 days, the UHPC containing PTOS-modified SCMs had a strength equivalent to, or slightly lower than, that of plain concrete. In contrast, TTOS had a greater hydrophobicity than PTOS, resulting in an increased inhibitory effect. Hence, the UHPC containing TTOS-modified SCMs had fewer hydration products, resulting in lower strength after 28 days.
From Kitchen Garden to Multifunctionality: Leek-inspired Surface Structures Introduce Optical and Self-cleaning Properties to Cellulose-based Films
Authors: Vapaavuori Jaana , Shirazi Hamidreza Daghigh , Mirmohammadi Seyed Mehran , Mousavi Seyede Maryam , Markkanen Magnus , Halme Janne , Jokinen Ville
Published: October 2023

A bioinspired approach to produce all-biobased films with high anisotropic light scattering and superhydrophobicity is presented as a route toward sustainable light management layers for photovoltaics. The multifunctional films are achieved by replicating leek leaves onto cellulose acetate, producing hierarchical surface structures. The free-standing films show a transmittance of ≈ 94% and a haze of ≈ 54% at the wavelength of 550 nm. Inspired by leek’s epicuticular wax, surface hydrophobicity was achieved through tailoring carnauba wax coatings. The surfaces show anisotropic advancing contact angles of up to 160° and 156° in cross directions, due to the periodical surface roughness and low-surface-energy carnauba wax secondary features. Using the replica as the light management layer on perovskite solar cells improved the power conversion efficiency by 6 ± 0.3%. Meanwhile, the surface water repellency facilitates self-cleaning, which tackles dirt accumulation, ensures maximum incident light, and maintains photovoltaic performance over time. Hence the developed films are suitable candidates as organic light management layers for improving the lifetime and efficiency of solar cells and other optoelectronics. Furthermore, the method can be potentially employed to fabricate substrates from virtually any leaf or patterned surface as the initial replication template.
Non-revenue water new paradigm for planning and management by performance indicators
Authors: AbuEltayef Hatem Taha , Alastal Khalil , AbuAlhin Khaldoun
Published: October 2023

Water service providers often face challenges when assessing their Non-Revenue Water (NRW) performance, which prompts them to set ambitious targets and adjust their NRW management plans. NRW planning and management involves a comprehensive approach that incorporating technical, managerial, and behavioral strategies. Insufficient NRW reduction efforts globally can be attributed to a lack of understanding the magnitude, origins, and expenses associated with NRW. Water decision-makers and staff often lack the capacity to identify the underlying causes of NRW. To address this, a new approach called the Planning and Management by Performance Indicators (PMPI) model has been developed, with a focus on reducing NRW. The PMPI model provides with a standardized and quantifiable way to evaluate NRW management performance. Comparing indicators over time, utilities can assess the effectiveness of their interventions, identify trends, and make necessary adjustments. A systematic literature review and expert consultations were conducted to develop this methodology. The ultimate goal of the study is to create a new PMPI tool for analyzing, planning, managing, implementing, and monitoring NRW. The conceptual model for PMPI of NRW was evaluated by academics and professional experts, resulting in an overall assessment of 80.0 percent. The majority of aspects were found to be well and highly validated. The PMPI approach adopts a linear sequential process, involving extensive performance indicators analysis, setting targets, creating action plans, and making continuous adjustments based on monitoring and feedback from stakeholders. To ensure a comprehensive and effective NRW approach, the model incorporates the IWA water balance dimensions and main components.
Left Atrial Thrombus Formation after Discontinuation of Anticoagulation in Patient with Severe Bioprosthetic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: King Ryan , Mathew Tobin , Whang Stella , Premyodhin Ned , Patel Pranav
Published: October 2023

Background: Mitral valve stenosis can be a highly symptomatic condition with significant complications if left untreated. In such cases, mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthetic or mechanical valve may be a viable solution to prevent progressive disease. Current guidelines do not recommend continued anticoagulation beyond six months for patients who have undergone bioprosthetic valve replacement without a separate indication for anticoagulation. With this case discussion we aim to 1) Review the current indications for anticoagulation for bioprosthetic mitral valves in patients without atrialfibrillation and 2) Discuss the constellation of comorbidities that may affect the decision to begin anticoagulation therapy.
Case presentation: We present a case describing a 55-year-old male with end-stage renal disease, coronary artery disease with coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement two years prior with rapid degeneration of the replaced valve and on warfarin without a clear indication for anticoagulation. The patient was admitted for symptomatic, severe mitral stenosis and consideration of transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement. During hospital admission, warfarin was discontinued and replaced with prophylactic anticoagulation. However, eight days after warfarin cessation an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a newly developed large left atrial thrombus leading to cancellation of the planned operation.
Conclusions:
This patient developed a left atrial thrombus after discontinuing warfarin in the setting of rapidly deteriorating bioprosthetic valve stenosis and vascular comorbidities. The decision to discontinue warfarin was made in concordance with current guidelines, which do not indicate systemic anticoagulation post 3-6 months after bioprosthetic valve replacement without separate indication for anticoagulation. This case identifies the need to investigate rebound hypercoagulability and further risk stratify comorbidities which may independently increase the risk of clot formation in the setting of severe mitral valve stenosis.
Study the air buoyancy force effect in an enhanced PVT solar collector with integrated porous medium
Authors: Bourouis Abderrahim , Boulhidja Sabar , Boukelia Taqiy Eddine , Omara Abdeslam
Published: October 2023

Hybrid photovoltaic thermal PVT solar collectors are a good option to produce electrical power and thermal energy simultaneously from solar radiation, where the transfer fluid circulating in this system works as a coolant, and at once, it gains additional heat to produce heat. This study is based on a numerical investigation, and aims to improve the performances of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT)collectorby using porous media, and taking into account the air buoyancy force effect (i.e., natural convection effect).For this purpose, the impacts of panel tilt angle (α), Richardson number (Ri), thickness of the porous layer (Ep) and Darcy number (Da) on the PVT system performances including its velocity contours, thermal field, thermal and electrical efficiencies are examined. The obtained results showed that by taking into account the buoyancy force, an enhancement in both electrical and thermal efficiencies is observed which can reach up 9.88% and 10% respectively if the PVT is erected without porous layer. Moreover, in the case of the buoyancy force is neglected, the integration of porous media under specific values of the studied parameters can enhance both electrical and thermal efficiencies by more than 26% and 38%, respectively compared to the classic layout of the PVT system.
Giant Sacrum Echinococcosis Secondary to Hepatic Echinococcosis: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Lei , Lv Jinhan , Fu Hui , Zhao Zihang , Zhang Yahui , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2023

Background and importance Echinococcosis is a common zoonotic disease found in the liver and lungs. Spinal echinococcosis is typically a secondary infection of other organs and is clinically rare, especially sacral echinococcosis. Methods Case report. Case summary A 52-year-old man presented with lower back pain and numbness in the left lower extremity. MRI showed a large mixed-signal shadow in the sacrum. The patient underwent an intervertebral foramenoscopic cyst decompression and flushing procedure and was subsequently administered albendazole for pain relief. After 5 years of postoperative follow-up, the patient had experienced repeated recurrence with a mean recurrence rate of 22 months and received surgical treatment at each symptomatic visit.
Conclusion This report presents the case of a patient with giant sacral echinococcosis that could not be completely removed due to the size of the cyst, providing clinical data for the diagnosis and treatment of sacrum echinococcosis secondary to hepatic echinococcosis.
Finite element modeling for analyzing the production of high-strength steel sheets for automobile parts
Authors: Sanrutsadakorn Apichat , Jhonthong Napatsakorn , Julsri Weerapong
Published: October 2023

An investigation was conducted on developing components from high-strength steel sheet grade 590, with a thickness of 2.40 millimeters using finite element analysis, with a focus on predicting springback and deviation behavior. This study centered on the manufacturing process of a Member C inner workpiece. The research comprised a comprehensive examination of chemical composition, microstructural analysis, and mechanical property testing to establish suitable material models for the forming process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three separate material models, namely the Barlat89 yield criteria, the Y-U model, and the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model. A cyclic tension-compression tests was used to determine the parameters of the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model, which were then confirmed using the 1-element model. The manufactured samples predicted bend angles and the results of the experimental measurements were very consistent. Barlat89 yield criteria, Y-U model, and Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U kinematic hardening model were used to predict the strain distribution springback and deviation behavior within the produced components. The results indicated that all three material models produced similar results concerning strain distribution. The material model based on Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model was determined to have the least inaccuracy when all seven sections were averaged, with angle θ1L equaling 93.66 degrees and angle θ1R equaling 93.13 degrees, underscoring its superior performance in predicting springback. The deviation behavior from the three material model simulations was very comparable. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model represented the most precise and suitable choice for simulating the formation of the Member C inner component.
The association between social activeness and frailty among the elderly in China - analysis based on 2018 CHARLS data
Authors: Li Qiugui , Cheng Hongtao , Cen Wenjiao , Yang Tao , Lyu Jun , Tao Shengru
Published: October 2023

Background
Frailty is a common health problem in older adults and is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including reduced physical function, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life. Social activity is thought to be a key factor in preventing or slowing the progression of frailty. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social activity and frailty in older adults in China.
Methods
For the analysis, we used 2018 data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which included 7,862 older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Social activeness was statistically calculated based on relevant questions in the CHARLS questionnaire, with the aim of quantifying the frequency and quality of participants' social interactions and activities. Participants' level of frailty was measured using a specific frailty index scale designed to assess physical, cognitive, and psychological frailty in older adults. To analyze the relationship between social activity and frailty, we used logistic regression models to assess associations and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
A total of 7862 older adults (60 years or older) were recruited for this study, of whom 827 had frailty. The median age of the participants was 68 years (interquartile range: 64–74 years), 4429 (56.3%) were female. After adjustment for the mixed factor, social activity and frailty were significantly negatively associated in the elderly (adjusted OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.36–2.07; P < 0.001). Compared with high social activity (3 points or more), the risk of medium and low social activity (0 to 2 points) is higher (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.38–1.95; P < 0.001; E-value = 2.17).
Conclusions
Social activity is a protective factor against frailty and may reduce the risk of frailty in older adults. By improving the social activeness of the elderly, the risk of frailty can be reduced.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of 24 Cases with Breast Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yang Qiuhui , Fu Ye-qin , Xu Nin , Wang Jiaxuan , Yang Hong-jian , Zhang Xi-ping
Published: October 2023

Aim: We collected and analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (B-DLBCL), and analyzed its prognosis to find the best treatment plan for B-DLBCL.
Methods: We collected clinical data of 24 patients with B-DLBCL treated at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between July 2003 and November 2014, and performed prognostic analysis according to the patients' pathological types and treatments, as well as plotting the Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves.
Results: The included patients were all female (100%), with 92% (22/24) of patients presenting with breast masses, the majority (58%) presenting with left breast masses, and a very small portion presenting with bilateral breast masses; After a median follow-up of 51 (5-123) months, the PFS and OS of 24 patients were 72% and 80%, respectively; Among them, there were 14 cases of primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL), with corresponding PFS and OS of 85% and 83%, and their prognosis level is higher than that of secondary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(SB-DLBCL); Among them, 13 patients underwent surgical treatment, and the prognosis of non-surgical patients was worse than that of surgical patients (PFS: 61% vs 80%; OS: 70% vs 87%); The 11 patients on rituximab had a non-significant improvement in PFS and OS compared with those not on rituximab (PFS: 72% vs 73%; OS: 79% vs 83%).
Conclusion: B-DLBCL is a group of heterogeneous diseases. In our retrospective study, we found that the prognosis of PB-DLBCL is better than that of SB-DLBCL. What’s more, surgical treatment can improve the prognosis, but the use of Rituximab has no effect on the prognosis.
On the ‘phylobaric’ classification of human respiratory viruses.
Authors: Çumaku Vaitson , Fortin Thomas , Hentz Sébastien , Masselon Christophe
Published: October 2023

Progress in genome sequencing technologies has transfigured biological research, including the field of virology. This had the unintended consequence of relegating structural phenotypic evaluations of viruses, and the associated methods, to mere complements of genomic approaches. Building on the work of Mazzone, and in light of recent advances in structural characterization techniques, we argue that individual virus molecular masses are distinctive characteristics that should be revisited. Based on available data, we estimated the theoretical masses of human respiratory viruses and observed that they distribute non-contiguously over a broad mass range. Our findings suggest that the total virion mass may constitute a meaningful attribute for a “phylobaric” (from ancient Greek ‘phûlon’ = lineage and ‘baros’ = weight) classification of human respiratory viruses. This observation could have fundamental implications in virology and relevance to public health.
Finding a needle in a haystack: DNA Haemoproteus columbae enrichment using percoll density gradient and flow cytometry
Authors: Gamboa-Suárez Brayan Andrés , Lotta-Arévalo Ingrid Astrid , Sarmiento-Salazar Felipe , Matta Nubia E.
Published: October 2023

Isolation of genomic DNA of blood parasites in birds, herpetofauna, and fishes is a challenging task, given that their red blood cells are nucleated; for that reason, parasite genomic DNA is only a fraction of the total extracted DNA, and it is challenging to obtain concentrated high-quality genetic material. Percoll Density Gradient (PDG) and flow cytometry are tools for separating and analyzing cell populations or even a single cell, and both represent potent approaches for isolating avian blood parasites. Our experimental design included several steps seeking to concentrate the parasite´s DNA. We used blood samples from a Rock pigeon infected with Haemoproteus columbae. After inducing parasite exflagellation in vitro, we subjected the samples to a Percoll Density Gradient to separate the parasites from the rest of the blood cells. Following centrifugation, the layer containing extracellular parasites underwent a flow cytometry and cell sorting process, during which we selected two different subpopulations of cells for analysis. Based on qPCR analyses, we demonstrate parasite DNA enrichment in Percoll Density Gradient and flow cytometry samples; simultaneously, these samples showed the lowest concentration of Columba livia DNA. However, the concentration of parasite DNA was higher in the PDG than in the cell sorting sample. This study reports the concentration of the Haemoproteus parasite by flow cytometry without DNA-intercalating dyes, and this methodology can serve as a technique for DNA enrichment of blood parasites that infect nucleated red blood cells to obtain complete genomes.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Mortality Reduction: A Prospective Cohort Study in Venezuela
Authors: Forero-Peña David A. , Leyva Jéssica L. , Valenzuela María V. , Omaña-Ávila Óscar D. , Mendoza-Millán Daniela L. , Sánchez-Ytriago Elisanny A. , Hachem Andrea C. Lahoud-El , Farro Katherine R. , Maita Ana K. , González Romina del C. , Rodriguez-Saavedra Carlis M. , Hernández-Medina Fernando , Camejo-Ávila Natasha A. , Nobrega Diana C. Freitas-De , Celis Rodrigo T. , Forero-Peña José L. , Martínez Alfonso , Grillet María E. , Landaeta María E. , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S.
Published: October 2023

Background
While rigorous randomized clinical trials have substantiated the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing hospitalization and mortality rates, there is a paucity of post-authorization analyses conducted in real-world settings. In Venezuela, the primary vaccines administered are Sinopharm and Sputnik-V. However, the performance and effectiveness of these vaccines within this specific population remain to be thoroughly investigated.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was undertaken from October 5, 2021, to March 31, 2022, across four sentinel hospitals in Venezuela. The outcomes were evaluated at two time points: day 28 and day 48, utilizing the WHO’s COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale. For the purpose of analysis, patients were classified into two groups: vaccinated and unvaccinated.
Results
The study included a total of 175 patients, of which 85 (48.6%) were categorized as vaccinated, with the majority (76.5%) having received two doses. The median age of the patients was 68 years, with a slight predominance of females (53.1%), and the majority being unemployed/retired (60.6%). Hypertension (53.1%) and diabetes (18.3%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. The median Charlson index of the patients was 3 points, with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups (p = 0.2). Upon admission, dyspnea was more commonly observed in unvaccinated patients compared to vaccinated patients (76.7% vs. 62.4%, p = 0.039). Almost all laboratory parameters were comparable in both groups, with the exception of the median D-dimer level, which was significantly higher in unvaccinated patients (7.6 vs. 1.4 µg/mL, p = 0.015). A total of 50 patients (28.6%) died of the disease, with a higher proportion of deaths observed in unvaccinated patients compared to vaccinated patients (35.6% vs. 21.2%, p = 0.035). Factors such as advanced age (OR = 1.043, 95%CI = 1.015–1.071, p = 0.002) were associated with increased odds of death, while factors such as vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 0.428, 95%CI = 0.185–0.99, p = 0.047), high oxygen saturation (OR = 0.964, 95%CI = 0.934–0.995, p = 0.024), and enoxaparin administration (OR = 0.292, 95%CI = 0.093–0.917, p = 0.035) were associated with decreased odds of death.
Conclusion
In the course of the third and fourth waves of the pandemic, vaccination against COVID-19 was found to be associated with a 57% reduction in mortality among patients treated in four public hospitals in Venezuela.
Causal associations between plasma ADAMTS-5 protein level and cancer risk: a bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Huang Rongzhi , Lu Tanli , Qin Jihao , Fang Xiaowen , Liang Chenxi , Li Siyu , Li Jiehua
Published: October 2023

Background
According to relevant research, ADAMTS-5 was associated with some cancers. However, the causal relationship between ADAMTS-5 and different types of cancers is still unclear.
Methods
The genome-wide summary statistics of plasma ADAMTS-5 protein level and 17 differential types of cancers were acquired for the deCODE database, the IEU Open GWAS project and FinnGen database. The estimated causal effect was given by the Wald ratio for each variant, the inverse-variance weighted model was used for two or more genetic instruments. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of MR results. The Bonferroni corrected significance was set at P < 0.0015 (0.05/34) to account for multiple testing, and a lenient threshold P < 0.05 was considered to suggestively relationship. To strengthen our findings in MR analysis, we conducted the Bayesian co-localization analysis for validation analyses apart from using an independent cohort.
Results
After Bonferroni correction, we only detected significant evidence for genetic prediction of the causal relationship between ADAMTS-5 and oropharyngeal cancer (OR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.47–0.81, P = 0.0007). ADAMTS-5 had suggestive associations with esophagus cancer (OR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.55–0.98, P = 0.034). There had no statistical effect on other cancers. There was also no evidence of the reverse causal relationships. Our findings also were found in independent cohort. Furthermore, we detected the presence of a shared variant for the association between ADAMTS-5 and oropharyngeal cancer by Bayesian co-localization analysis (PP4 > 0.8), strengthening our results.
Conclusions
MR analysis reveal that plasma ADAMTS-5 level had significantly causal association with oropharyngeal cancer. It also existed suggestive associations with esophagus cancer. ADAMTS-5 was a potential drug target for oropharyngeal cancer, thus providing guidance for further clinical research.
A comparison between the adverse event profiles of patients receiving palbociclib and abemaciclib: analysis of the two real-world databases
Authors: Takeda Tatsuaki , Sugimoto Shiho , Matsumoto Jun , Iwata Naohiro , Nakamoto Akihiko , Ozaki Aya Fukuma , Hamano Hirofumi , Ariyoshi Noritaka , Zamami Yoshito
Published: October 2023

Background: Palbociclib and abemaciclib are cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors currently used to treat breast cancer. Although their therapeutic efficacies are considered comparable, differences of adverse event (AE) profiles between the two drugs remain unclear.
Aim: We analysed two real-world databases, the World Health Organization’s VigiBase and the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), to identify the differences in AE profiles between palbociclib and abemaciclib.
Method: Data of patients with breast cancer receiving palbociclib or abemaciclib recorded until December 2022 were extracted from the VigiBase and FAERS databases. In total, 200 types of AEs were analysed. The reporting odds ratios were calculated using a disproportionality analysis.
Results: Cytopenia was frequently reported in patients receiving palbociclib, while interstitial lung disease and diarrhoea were frequently reported in those receiving abemaciclib. Moreover, psychiatric and nervous system disorders were more common in the palbociclib group, whereas renal and urinary disorders were more common in the abemaciclib group.
Conclusion: This study was the first to show comprehensive disparities in the AE profiles between palbociclib and abemaciclib and highlighted the importance of considering these when selecting a suitable CDK4/6 inhibitor to ensure safe and favourable outcomes for patients with breast cancer.
Impact of in vitro treatment of Pyrazinamide (PZA), AgNO3 and salinity on the Expression of ACS3, ACO1, EIN2 and EIL1 genes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumL.) plants
Authors: Zarei Somayeh , Ehsanpour Ali Akbar , Javadirad Seyed Morteza
Published: October 2023

Salinity stress is a major environmental factor that negatively impacts plant growth and agricultural productivity. Ethylene, a crucial plant hormone, plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes in response to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of two ethylene inhibitors, PZA and AgNO3, on the expression of key ethylene synthesis and signaling genes in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) under salinity stress in in vitro conditions. Tomato seedlings were subjected to salinity stress by supplementing the growth medium with NaCl, and different concentrations of PZA and AgNO3 were applied. The expression patterns of ACS3, ACO1, EIN2, and EIL1 genes, involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Under salinity stress, the expression of ACS3 and ACO1 genes was upregulated, indicating increased ethylene production. However, the application of PZA and AgNO3 treatments effectively suppressed ACS3 and ACO1 gene expression by 23% and 14%, respectively. Similarly, the ethylene signaling genes, EIN2 and EIL1, exhibited increased expression under salinity stress, but their expression was significantly reduced by 60–88% with PZA and AgNO3 treatments. The study shows that PZA and AgNO3 inhibitors effectively improve stress tolerance in tomato plants under salinity stress. These inhibitors offer insights into ethylene-mediated responses and potential strategies for developing stress-resilient crop varieties. Further research is needed to explore interactions between inhibitors and the ethylene signaling pathway and validate their practical application in agriculture.
External Validation of a Red Cell-based Blood Prognostic Score in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With First- Line Immunotherapy Combinations
Authors: MAFFEZZOLI Michele , SANTONI Matteo , MAZZASCHI Giulia , RODELLA Sara , LAI Eleonora , MARUZZO Marco , BASSO Umberto , BIMBATTI Davide , IACOVELLI Roberto , ANGHELONE Annunziato , FIALA Ondřej , REBUZZI Sara Elena , FORNARINI Giuseppe , LOLLI Cristian , MASSARI Francesco , ROSELLINI Matteo , MOLLICA Veronica , NASSO Cecilia , ACUNZO Alessandro , SILINI Enrico Maria , QUAINI Federico , DE FILIPPO Massimo , BRUNELLI Matteo , BANNA Giuseppe L. , RESCIGNO Pasquale , SIGNORI Alessio , BUTI Sebastiano
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Immunotherapy combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had significantly improved outcomes of patients with mRCC. Predictive and prognostic factors are crucial to improve patients' counseling and management. The present study aimed to externally validate the prognostic value of a previously developed red cell-based score, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI).
Materials and methods
We performed a sub-analysis of a multicentre retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the correlation between the red cell-based score and progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression were used to estimate the correlation between the score and the objective response rate (ORR).
Results.
The prognostic impact of the red cell-based score on PFS and OS was confirmed in the whole population regardless of the immunotherapy combination used [median PFS (mPFS): 17.4 vs 8.2 months, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47–0.94; median OS (mOS): 42.0 vs 17.3 months, HR 0.60, 95%CI 0.39–0.92; p < 0.001 for both].
Conclusion.
We validated the prognostic significance of the red cell-based score in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. The score is easy to use in daily clinical practice and it might improve patient counselling.
Assessment of the legitimacy of cocoa tree hybrids (Theobroma cacao L.) resulting from simple crosses using SNPs markers in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: MINAKOU Okayo Sandrine , GUIRAUD Honorine Brigitte , TRÉBISSOU Inago Caudou , Coulibaly Klotioloma , KOUAMÉ Tchréwa Stanislas , ATCHI Mathurin Yves , GOURÉ Bi Firmin , ASSI Attiapo Pepin , BAKAYOKO Sidiky , AKAFFOU Sélastique , TAHI Gnion Mathias
Published: October 2023

The legitimacy of 13 hybrid families resulting from crosses by manual pollination technic was studied using SNPs markers. The aim of this study was to ensure the conformity of progenies resulting from simple crosses. Fifty-one (51) individuals (39 descendants and 12 parent clones) were analyzed using 84 SNPs markers. The results revealed non-significant genetic differentiation between parents and progenies (p = 0.323). High allelic richness was also revealed, with the average number of alleles per locus ranging from 1.57 to 1.92, for an average of 1.77 in offspring and 2 in parents. Thus, 1% of the total variance was attributed to inter-population variance and 99% to intra-population variance. Low genetic differentiation (FST < 0.05) and genetic distances (0.03 < D < 0.09) were observed between hybrid families F2, F8, F10, F11, F12, F13 and F14 and their respective parents. These results confirm the legitimacy of the hybrids created and suggest that the manual pollination work carried out on CNRA sites is reliable for faithfully reproducing hybrid material knowing the parents involved.
A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Individuals with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Accessing Haemodialysis in Northern Ghana
Authors: Boateng Edward Appiah , Iddrisu Aduni Amina , Kyei-Dompim Joana , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine
Published: October 2023

Background: Haemodialysis is Ghana's most common form of renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, limited research has explored the experiences of individuals with ESKD receiving haemodialysis in relatively poorer regions, especially in the northern part of the country. This study explored individuals’ experiences with accessing haemodialysis in northern Ghana and was guided by Levesque’s conceptual framework of access to healthcare.
Methods: The study utilized a phenomenological design, and participants were recruited through the purposive sampling method. Individuals with ESKD receiving haemodialysis for at least three months were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
Results: Most of the participants had a history of hypertension that progressed to ESKD due to poor management practices – mainly purchasing antihypertensive drugs over the counter without visits to the hypertensive clinic contributed greatly to the delay in diagnosing ESKD in northern Ghana. The geographical location of the dialysis centre and limited dialysis machines were the key barriers to adequate access to dialysis. Many participants had two dialysis sessions per week instead of thrice a week. Some were even having one session per week due to the distance from their residence to the dialysis centre and the costs involved.
Conclusion: Access to haemodialysis for individuals with ESKD in the northern part of the country is relatively limited in many ways compared with that in the southern part of the country. Health policies should include funding for haemodialysis and a collaboration with pharmaceutical companies to consider manufacturing dialysis concentrates to reduce the cost. Additionally, there should be deliberate efforts to design and implement programs to promote ESKD awareness in the country, especially in relatively poorer regions.
SID-Net: Machine learning based system identificationframework for rigid and flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Jang Sung Il , Han Seongji , Kim Jin-Gyun , Choi Juhwan , Rhim Sungsoo , Choi Jin Hwan
Published: October 2023

Modeling and simulation of dynamic systems is widely used in mechanical system design and control. System identification (SI), a process of correlation using experimental or target data, is essential for the reliability of implemented numerical models. To actualize the process, it is crucial to understand the relationship between numerous modeling parameters that affect the system responses. Modeling and simulating nonlinear systems such as multibody dynamics, is particularly difficult owing to their characteristic enormous assumptions and approximations; furthermore, the computational demands are also crucial during the iterative SI process. Therefore, we propose an effective SI framework for rigid and flexible multibody dynamics using artificial neural networks. The framework consists of two phases: a system metamodel and a SI network (SIN). Through supervised learning, a metamodel that can provide nonlinear time transient responses based on the input system design parameters in real time was generated. The loss minimization process for initializing a new neural network that, utilizes a SIN to find the input design parameters that generate the desired target output was also introduced. A new loss function was defined for minimizing the difference between the output of the trained system metamodel, following which the target output was defined. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated in well-designed numerical and experimental examples.
Knowledge and attitude towards stem cell science and technology among medical field students in Sudan, 2023: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Idrees Malaz Hassan Dafaalla , Abdulmajed Alghazali Abdulrahman Mohammad , Mohamed Balqees Abdeen Ahmed , Higo Gofran Higo Abdolwahed , Shaaban Kamil Mirghani Ali
Published: October 2023

Background: Recent developments in stem cell research have produced encouraging results, making this a very important and prevalent topic to explore extensively. It has the potential to create cell-based treatments for a variety of diseases that have not yet been treated. The need for adequate knowledge about stem cells and a positive attitude among medical science students is therefore crucial.
Methods: This is A cross-sectional descriptive study aiming to assess the knowledge and attitude towards stem cells science and technology among students of the medical field in Sudan. The study included a total of 395 participants in their final or semi-final year, from 10 different Universities in Sudan. The questionnaire was structured from previous literature and a pilot study was conducted to ensure the reliability of the instrument. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, USA) version 21.0 was used for data entry, and Pearson's Chi-Square Test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 395 participants completed the questionnaire, out of which 58% were females and 42% were males. Out of the total number of participants, 54 percent studied at the college of medicine. Data from the study revealed that the majority (69.9%) possessed average knowledge. However, a statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge score and university (P = 0.002), and equivalently, an association was found between knowledge score and college (P = 0.004). It was shown that the most reported source of information mentioned was university curriculum (77.7%), while attitude was found to be neutral.
Conclusions: Most medical students demonstrated average knowledge and attitude towards stem cells. Enhancing their understanding is crucial, given their future roles. Implementing focused educational programs can bridge the gap, shape informed and positive attitudes, and prepare them for the evolving field of stem cell science.
Strategies for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from soils fertilized with urea and cultivated with maize in the off-season in Southern Amazon
Authors: Nascimento Alexandre Ferreira do , Ferreira Anderson
Published: October 2023

Various strategies, particularly those that affect nitrogen-related process at the soil plant interface, have been investigated with the aim of reducing N2O emissions from soils fertilized with urea, the main nitrogen source employed in Brazilian agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate N2O emissions from soils cultivated with maize in soybean-maize succession following treatment with different mitigation approaches in Southern Amazon. An experiment of randomized block design was performed involving seven treatments in which maize was cultivated in soil: (T1) under control conditions; (T2) inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB); (T3) fertilized with urea; (T4) inoculated with NFB and fertilized with urea; (T5) fertilized with urea containing the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD); (T6) fertilized with urea containing the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT); (T7) fertilized with urea containing a combination of DCD and NBPT. The highest N2O fluxes (300 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1) were recorded for T3 and T4 around 12 to 14 days after top dressing fertilization with urea. Application of DCD-containing urea (T5 and, to a lesser extent, T7) was effective in reducing N2O emissions. Emission factors were below of 1% for all treatments, with the highest values (≤ 0.42%) recorded for T3, T4 and T6. Fertilization with urea containing DCD alone or in combination with NBPT (T5 and T7) reduced emission values by around 75% to the level registered for T2. Use of nitrification inhibitors represents an alternative for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions during the off-season maize cropping cycle in Southern Amazon.