bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical theory of de‐integrating long‐time integrated rainfall statistics. Part II: from 1 day to 1 minute
Authors: Matricciani Emilio
Published: February 2013

We have developed, tested and discussed a theory for de‐integrating the probability distribution (PD) of the daily rain rate to the PD of the rain rate integrated in 1 min, through many simple steps, with a good or very good precision, for a large range of probabilities and in many sites. The theory can also estimate the number of rain events (in the sense of rainstorms), NR, their average duration and the (conditional) PD of daily rainy time. The theory needs only three inputs, measured on site: the daily rain rate PD, the number of rainy days, ND (only for finding NR) and the PD of the rain rate integrated in two consecutive and disjoint couples of days. The theory contains two complementary parts, both successfully tested: the first deals mainly with duration of daily rainy time and rain events, and the second deals with the main issue, namely de‐integrating daily rain rate PDs in 1‐min PDs. We have tested the theory on duration of rainy time in Spino d'Adda, Gera Lario, Fucino and Prague and subsequently with real (blind) field tests in Milan, Lugano, many sites in the USA, and Canada. The sites tested belong to very different climatic regions. Nevertheless, the predictions are generally very close to the experimental data. The theory, and its powerful predictions, can be useful for several research communities: radio propagation, agriculture, climatology, hydrology and applied meteorology. For all disciplines and applications, seasonal studies or even monthly studies could be pursued because the data banks available can be very large, even for restricted sub‐data banks. The theory will estimate its parameters on on‐site seasonal, or monthly, measurements. Future developments could deal with de‐integrating large‐area and long‐time integrated rain rate, observed by means of meteorological satellites, for obtaining ‘point’ 1‐min rain rate PDs concerning a small homogeneous area. We have tested the theory to sites with very different climates and for latitudes between 65°N and 28°N. Therefore, we think that the theory can be applied globally in this latitude range because its parameters are derived from local measurements and, perhaps, down to the tropics. Because of the simplicity of the theory, and its use of few local measurements, it may be applied also to equatorial sites. This, however, is only a conjecture because we have not tested the theory directly there. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soft‐decision demapping algorithm with low computational complexity for coded 4 + 12 APSK
Authors: Lee Jaeyoon , Yoon Dongweon
Published: February 2013

This paper proposes a soft‐decision demapping algorithm with low computational complexity for coded 4 + 12 amplitude phase shift keying in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The proposed algorithm requires only a few summation, subtraction, and multiplication operations to calculate the log likelihood ratio value of each bit, and shows the same error performance as a conventional max‐log algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling tools for detecting DoS attacks in WSNs
Authors: Ballarini Paolo , Mokdad Lynda , Monnet Quentin
Published: February 2013

Detecting denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and reducing the energy consumption are two important and frequent requirements in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose an energy‐preserving solution to detect compromised nodes in hierarchically clustered WSNs. DoS detection is based on using dedicated inspector nodes (cNodes) whose role is to analyze the traffic inside a cluster and to send warnings to the cluster head whenever an abnormal behavior (i.e., high packets throughput) is detected. With previously introduced DoS detection schema, cNodes are statically displaced in strategic positions within the network topology. This guarantees good detection coverage but leads to quickly draining cNodes battery. In this paper, we propose a dynamic cNodes displacement schema according to which cNodes are periodically elected among ordinary nodes of each atomic cluster. Such a solution results in a better energy balance while maintaining good detection coverage. We analyze the tradeoffs between static and dynamic solutions by means of two complementary approaches: through simulation with the NS‐2 simulation platform and by means of statistical model checking with the Hybrid Automata Stochastic Logic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of potential wells used for quantum codes transmission via a TDMA network communication system
Authors: Sadegh Amiri Iraj , Nikmaram Mehrnaz , Shahidinejad Ali , Ali Jalil
Published: February 2013

This paper proposes a technique of quantum code generation using optical tweezers. This technique uses a microring resonator made of nonlinear fibre optics to generate the desired results, which are applicable to Internet security and quantum network cryptography. A modified add/drop interferometer system called PANDA is proposed, which consists of a centred ring resonator connected to smaller ring resonators on the left side. To form the multifunction operations of the PANDA system—for instance, to control, tune and amplify—an additional Gaussian pulse is introduced into the add port of the system. The optical tweezers generated by the dark soliton propagating inside the PANDA ring resonator system are in the form of potential wells. Potential well output can be connected to the quantum signal processing system, which consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is used to generate high‐capacity quantum codes within the system, whereas the receiver detects encoded signals known as quantum bits. Therefore, an entangled photon pair can be generated and propagated via an optical communication link such as a time division multiple access system. Here, narrower potential wells with a full‐width half‐maximum of 3.58 and 9.57 nm are generated at the through and drop ports of the PANDA ring resonator system, respectively, where the amplification of the signals occurs during propagation inside the system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
StreamLab Collaboratory: Experiments, data sets, and research synthesis
Authors: Singh Arvind , Czuba Jonathan A. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Marr Jeffrey D. G. , Hill Craig , Johnson Sara , Ellis Chris , Mullin James , Orr Cailin H. , Wilcock Peter R. , Hondzo Miki , Paola Chris
Published: February 2013

Key Points

This paper summarizes the data collected during StreamLab06 and StreamLab08 exp.

Exp. designed to advance res. at the interface of phys./chem./biol. processes

All datasets are archived on the Nced data repository
Analytical relationship between Gaussian and transformed‐Gaussian spatially distributed fields
Authors: Gong Rulan , Haslauer Claus P. , Chen Yiming , Luo Jian
Published: February 2013

Key Points

A transformation of random fields usually changes the spatial correlation.

The correlation relationship can be expressed analytically.

Correlation lengths of connected fields are 60% and 38% of underlying fields.
Maternal Dietary Fat Affects Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Impacts on Weight Gain and Thermogenic Capacity of Suckling Rats
Authors: Priego Teresa , Sánchez Juana , García Ana Paula , Palou Andreu , Picó Catalina
Published: February 2013

We aimed to assess the effects of maternal supplementation with the main fat sources used in the human Western diet (olive oil, butter, margarine) on milk FA composition and on plasma FA profile of offspring, and to determine whether it may influence body‐weight‐gain (BWG) and adiposity of offspring during the suckling period. Wistar rats were supplemented with the different fat sources from day 14 of gestation and throughout lactation. Olive oil‐supplemented dams showed the highest proportion of oleic‐acid in milk, with no changes in plasma. Their offspring also showed the highest proportion of this FA in plasma, lower BWG during the suckling period, and higher levels of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) at weaning. Margarine‐supplemented dams showed the highest percentage of PUFA in milk, and a similar tendency was found in plasma of their offspring. Butter‐supplemented dams displayed higher proportion of saturated FA (SFA) in milk compared to other fat‐supplemented dams, but lower than controls. Control offspring also showed higher proportion of SFA in plasma and greater BWG during the suckling period than fat‐supplemented groups. Significant correlations were found between the relative content of some milk FA and BWG of offspring, in particular, oleic‐acid levels correlated negatively with BWG and positively with UCP1 levels. These results show that maternal dietary source of fat affects milk FA composition and circulating FA profile, as could be expected, but also BWG and thermogenic capacity of offspring during the suckling period. An effect of oleic‐acid stimulating BAT thermogenic capacity of suckling pups is proposed.
Free Trade and Empire in the Anglo-Irish Commercial Propositions of 1785
Authors: Livesey James
Published: February 2013

William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use free trade as a mechanism of imperial integration. It was a response to the agitation for political reform in Ireland and followed the attainment of legislative independence in 1782. The proposal aimed at coordinating economic and fiscal policy between the kingdoms without imposing explicit political controls. This article establishes that the measure failed because of the lack of consensus around the idea of free trade. Three contrasting ideas of free trade became apparent in the debates around the propositions of 1785: imperial or neomercantilist free trade, Smithean free trade, and national or neo-Machiavellian free trade. Imperial free trade was critical of monopolies but sought to organize trade to the benefit of the imperial metropole; Smithean free trade saw open markets as a discipline that assured efficiency but required imperial institutional frameworks, legally secured, to function. Neo-Machiavellian free trade asserted the right of every political community to organize its trade according to its interests. The article establishes the genealogy of these three positions in pamphlet debates and political correspondence in Britain and Ireland from 1689 to 1785. It argues that majority political opinion in Ireland, with exceptions, understood free trade in a neo-Machiavellian sense, while Pitt was committed to a Smithean ideal. The propositions collapsed because these internal tensions became more evident under the pressure of criticism. Liberal political economy did not of itself offer a route to a British exceptionality that finessed the tensions inherent in empire.
Transient dynamics by continuous-spectrum perturbations in stratified shear flows
Authors: Camassa R. , Viotti C.
Published: February 2013

The transient dynamics of the linearized Euler–Boussinesq equations governing parallel stratified shear flows is presented and analysed. Solutions are expressed as integral superpositions of generalized eigenfunctions associated with the continuous-spectrum component of the Taylor–Goldstein linear stability operator, and reveal intrinsic dynamics not captured by its discrete-spectrum counterpart. It is shown how continuous-spectrum perturbations are generally characterized by non-normal energy growth and decay with algebraic asymptotic behaviour in either time or space. This behaviour is captured by explicit long-time/far-field expressions from rigorous asymptotic analysis, and it is illustrated with direct numerical simulations of the whole (non-Boussinesq) stratified Euler system. These results can be helpful in understanding recent numerical observations for parallel and non-parallel perturbed stratified shear flows.
Counselling Asian Smokers: Key Considerations for a Telephone Intervention
Authors: Tedeschi Gary J. , Zhu Shu-Hong , Cummins Sharon E. , Shin Hee , Nguyen My Hanh
Published: February 2013

Detailed descriptions of effective intervention protocols for Asian smokers are uncommon which makes it difficult for others to successfully implement a protocol that has been proven to be effective. This article fills a gap by detailing such a protocol, specifically a telephone counselling intervention for Asian smokers. The protocol was tested in a large randomised trial with Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-speaking smokers and was shown to significantly increase quit rates. The article describes the approach used to develop the protocol and critical components of the intervention. In addition, the paper compares data on programme participation and satisfaction among Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-speaking smokers with those for English- and Spanish-speaking smokers from two studies conducted in the US and shows that the former are no less likely to engage in counselling and no less likely to be satisfied with the process.
Understanding smokers’ beliefs and feelings about smoking and quitting during a quit attempt: a preliminary evaluation of the SNAP model
Authors: Hum Wee Lei , Bulgiba Awang , Shahab Lion , Vangeli Eleni , West Robert
Published: February 2013

This study sought to obtain a preliminary assessment of whether a new model of behaviour change (SNAP) could provide a useful conceptual framework for classifying smokers’ reports of their beliefs and feelings about the process of stopping smoking. Eight smokers’ clinic attendees in Malaysia underwent semi-structured interviews before and four weeks after the start of their quit attempt. A variant of Template Analysis found support for the view that smokers’ inferred identities could be reliably classified in the terms Smoker, Non-smoker, Attempter or Planner (SNAP) using self-statements about their motivation and behaviour as well as identity. There was evidence for wide variation in the coherence of smokers’ beliefs and feelings defined in terms of the proportion that fitted their modal SNAP category. As would be expected there was a shift in SNAP categories pre- to post-quit in those who were not smoking but only so far as ‘attempter’. An important next step is to assess how far lack of coherence in a given identity predicts transitions to other categories.
Fish consumption and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in the German arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Germany)
Authors: Kühn Tilman , Teucher Birgit , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Weikert Cornelia , Buijsse Brian
Published: February 2013

Recent meta-analyses have confirmed that fish consumption is related to decreased risks of ischaemic stroke and fatal CHD, while there seem to be no clear associations between fish consumption and the risks of haemorrhagic stroke and non-fatal CHD. As no studies in German populations have been reported to date, we assessed whether fish consumption as recorded by FFQ between 1994 and 1998 was related to incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke within the German arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted based on the data of 48 315 participants aged 35–65 years at baseline. The median fish intake was 16·4 g/d (25th–75th percentile 8·2–28·8 g/d). During a mean follow-up of 8·1 years, 605 incident MI and 525 incident strokes have been documented. After multiple adjustment, fish consumption was not related to incident MI (hazard ratio (HR) 0·84, 95 % CI 0·66, 1·08, Ptrend= 0·21) or stroke (HR 0·96, 95 % CI 0·73, 1·26, Ptrend= 0·67). Separate analyses for fatal MI, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke did not show significant associations, either. With regard to non-fatal MI, there was a non-significant trend for an inverse association (HR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·59, 1·03, Ptrend= 0·07). Overall, fish consumption was not related to the risks of MI and stroke in the EPIC-Germany study.
Local elites and social control: building council houses in Stirling between the wars
Authors: SMYTH JAMES , ROBERTSON DOUGLAS
Published: February 2013

This article examines the role played by local councillors in constructing new housing in Scotland during the inter-war period. Rather than view local authorities as simply the objective agency of central government's ambitions to construct council houses, we argue that the self-interest and motivations of councillors have to be recognized as significant factors in this process. It is argued also that the concerns of private landlords were neither ignored nor sacrificed in the rush to build new housing. Rather, given that councils remained dominated by local business men, many of whom were private landlords, councillors acted in ways to protect their own material and class interests. In so doing, they consciously, if implicitly, shaped the social geography of twentieth-century Scotland.
Role ofMaelin early oogenesis and during germ-cell differentiation from embryonic stem cells in micein vitro
Authors: Bahena I. , Xu E. , Betancourt M. , Casas E. , Ducolomb Y. , González C. , Bonilla E.
Published: February 2013

In a previous study, we have identified a set of conserved spermatogenic genes whose expression is restricted to testis and ovary and that are developmentally regulated. One of these genes, the transcription factorMael, has been reported to play an essential role in mouse spermatogenesis. Nevertheless, the role ofMaelin mouse oogenesis has not been defined. In order to analyse the role ofMaelin mouse oogenesis, the expression of this gene was blocked during early oogenesis in mousein vitrousing RNAi technology. In addition, the role ofMaelduring differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) into germ cellsin vitrowas analysed. Results show that downregulation ofMaelby a specific short interfering RNA disrupted fetal oocyte growth and differentiation in fetal ovary explants in culture and the expression of several germ-cell markers in ESC during their differentiation. These results suggest that there is an important role forMaelin early oogenesis and during germ-cell differentiation from embryonic stem cells in mousein vitro.
VEGETABLE MONSTERS: MAN-EATING TREES INFIN-DE-SIÈCLEFICTION
Authors: Price Cheryl Blake
Published: February 2013

Gothic stories and fictionalizedtravel accounts featuring dangerous exotic plants appeared throughout the nineteenth century and were especially prevalent at thefin de siècle. As the century progressed and the public's fascination with these narratives grew, fictional plants underwent a narrative evolution. By the end of the Victorian period, deadly plants had been transformed from passive poisoners into active carnivores. Stories about man-eating trees, among the most popular of the deadly plant tales, reflect this narrative progression. The trope of the man-eating tree developed out of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century accounts of a much less dangerous plant: the Javanese upas. Tales about the upas described the tree as having a poisonous atmosphere which killed every living thing within a several mile radius. The existence of this plant was first reported by a Dutch surgeon named Foersch in a 1783 article published in theLondon Magazine, and the story was recounted several times throughout the century (“The Valley of Poison” 46). A typical account of the popular tale would highlight the exotic location and the mysterious power of the tree:

Somewhere in the far recesses of Java there is, according to Foersch, a dreadful tree, the poisonous secretions of which are so virulent, that they not only kill by contact, but poison the air for several miles around, so that the greater number of those who approach the vegetable monster are killed. Nothing whatever, he tells us, can grow within several miles of the upas tree, except some little trees of the same species. For a distance of about fifteen miles round the spot, the ground is covered with the skeletons of birds, beasts, and human beings. (“The Upas Tree of Fact and Fiction” 12)

Even though more credible adventurers revealed the inaccuracies of Foersch's report and thoroughly discredited the fantastic powers attributed to the upas, the story nonetheless took hold of the Victorian imagination. As a result of Foersch's widely-circulated narrative, the word “upas” was rapidly incorporated into the English lexicon; writers such as Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Carlyle, Charlotte Brontë, and Charles Dickens use the upas as a metaphor for a person, object, or idea that has a poisonous, destructive atmosphere. The upas was even a subject for nineteenth-century art, as evidenced by Francis Danby's 1820 gothic painting of a solitary upas tree in the midst of a desolate rocky landscape. Although the myth of the upas focuses on the tree's lethal powers, it is important to note that the upas is, relatively speaking, a very passive “vegetable monster.” The plant is potentially dangerous, but stationary; extremely isolated, it is only harmful to those who rashly ignore the warning signs and wander within the area of its poisonous influence. Even in these exaggerated accounts, the upas is a non-carnivorous monster that grows in a remote, uninhabited area of Java.
Awareness of Executive Deficits in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kudlicka Aleksandra , Clare Linda , Hindle John V.
Published: February 2013

Executive functioning is frequently impaired among people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known about awareness of executive functioning, in the sense of being able to accurately appraise functioning or performance, in people with PD, or about whether awareness is particularly affected in those who have impaired executive functioning. This study explored awareness of executive functioning at the levels of evaluative judgment (comparison of self- and informant ratings of executive functioning), and performance monitoring (comparison of performance on cognitive tests and self-ratings of that performance). Awareness levels were assessed in people with PD with and without executive deficits, and in healthy controls. When the level of agreement between self- and informant ratings was considered, people with PD in both groups appeared as accurate in evaluating their overall executive functioning as healthy controls. When appraising their performance as the specific tasks were completed, people with PD who had impairments in executive functioning appeared less accurate than controls and people with PD without executive impairments. People with PD who have executive deficits may lack the ability to recognize their limitations while performing specific tasks, which may have implications for their functional abilities. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–12.)
Explicit and implicit semantic processing of verb–particle constructions by French–English bilinguals
Authors: BLAIS MARY-JANE , GONNERMAN LAURA M.
Published: February 2013

Verb–particle constructions are a notoriously difficult aspect of English to acquire for second-language (L2) learners. The present study investigated whether L2 English speakers are sensitive to gradations in semantic transparency of verb–particle constructions (e.g.,finish upvs.chew out). French–English bilingual participants (first language: French, second language: English) completed an off-line similarity ratings survey, as well as an on-line masked priming task. Results of the survey showed that bilinguals’ similarity ratings became more native-like as their English proficiency levels increased. Results from the masked priming task showed that response latencies from high, but not low-proficiency bilinguals were similar to those of monolinguals, with mid- and high-similarity verb–particle/verb pairs (e.g.,finish up/finish) producing greater priming than low-similarity pairs (e.g.,chew out/chew). Taken together, the results suggest that L2 English speakers develop both explicit and implicit understanding of the semantic properties of verb–particle constructions, which approximates the sensitivity of native speakers as English proficiency increases.
A Motion Correction Framework for Time Series Sequences in Microscopy Images
Authors: Kumar Ankur N. , Short Kurt W. , Piston David W.
Published: February 2013

With the advent of in vivo laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques, time-series and three-dimensional volumes of living tissue and vessels at micron scales can be acquired to firmly analyze vessel architecture and blood flow. Analysis of a large number of image stacks to extract architecture and track blood flow manually is cumbersome and prone to observer bias. Thus, an automated framework to accomplish these analytical tasks is imperative. The first initiative toward such a framework is to compensate for motion artifacts manifest in these microscopy images. Motion artifacts in in vivo microscopy images are caused by respiratory motion, heart beats, and other motions from the specimen. Consequently, the amount of motion present in these images can be large and hinders further analysis of these images. In this article, an algorithmic framework for the correction of time-series images is presented. The automated algorithm is comprised of a rigid and a nonrigid registration step based on shape contexts. The framework performs considerably well on time-series image sequences of the islets of Langerhans and provides for the pivotal step of motion correction in the further automatic analysis of microscopy images.
A Review of the Role of Cue Processing in Task Switching
Authors: Jost Kerstin , De Baene Wouter , Koch Iring , Brass Marcel
Published: February 2013

The role of cue processing has become a controversial topic in research on cognitive control using task-switching procedures. Some authors suggested a priming account to explain switch costs as a form of encoding benefit when the cue from the previous trial is repeated and hence challenged theories that attribute task-switch costs to task-set (re)configuration. A rich body of empirical evidence has evolved that indeed shows that cue-encoding repetition priming is an important component in task switching. However, these studies also demonstrate that there are usually substantial “true” task-switch costs. Here, we review this behavioral, electrophysiological, and brain imaging evidence. Moreover, we describe alternative approaches to the explicit task-cuing procedure, such as the usage of transition cues or the task-span procedure. In addition, we address issues related to the type of cue, such as cue transparency. We also discuss methodological and theoretical implications and argue that the explicit task-cuing procedure is suitable to address issues of cognitive control and task-set switching.
Tracking the Multitasking Mind
Authors: Weaver Starla M. , Arrington Catherine M.
Published: February 2013

Task switching paradigms examining executive control in multitask environments typically measure reaction time and accuracy from key press responses. The discrete nature of such responses may limit the ability to capture the dynamics of cognitive control processes that unfold over time in complex environments. The current study used computer mouse tracking methodology to measure the processes that occur during task switching. In two experiments mouse trajectory data were collected as participants used onscreen category labels to respond to two simple tasks. The application of mouse tracking methodology to cued task switching provided both a replication of previous findings using key press responses and a more sensitive measure of the cognitive processes and activated representations underlying those effects. Computer mouse tracking offers a novel methodology for uncovering the mental representations and processes unfolding during multitasking.
The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β: unique enzymes in inflammation, neurodegeneration, cancer and fibrosis
Authors: Broder Claudia , Becker-Pauly Christoph
Published: February 2013

The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β exhibit structural and functional features that are unique among all extracellular proteases. Although meprins were discovered more than 30 years ago, their precise substrates and physiological roles have been elusive. Both enzymes were originally found to be highly expressed in kidney and intestine, which focused research on these particular tissues and associated pathologies. Only recently it has become evident that meprins exhibit a much broader expression pattern, implicating functions in angiogenesis, cancer, inflammation, fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models, as well as proteomics approaches for the identification of protease substrates, have helped to reveal more precise molecular signalling events mediated by meprin activity, such as activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. APP (amyloid precursor protein) is cleaved by meprin β in vivo, reminiscent of the β-secretase BACE1 (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1). The subsequent release of Aβ (amyloid β) peptides is thought to be the major cause of the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 10), which is the constitutive α-secretase, was shown to be activated by meprin β, which is itself shed from the cell surface by ADAM10. In skin, both meprins are overexpressed in fibrotic tumours, characterized by massive accumulation of fibrillar collagens. Indeed, procollagen III is processed to its mature form by meprin α and meprin β, an essential step in collagen fibril assembly. The recently solved crystal structure of meprin β and the unique cleavage specificity of these proteases identified by proteomics will help to generate specific inhibitors that could be used as therapeutics to target meprins under certain pathological conditions.
Histone deacetylases as targets for treatment of multiple diseases
Authors: Tang Jinhua , Yan Haidong , Zhuang Shougang
Published: February 2013

HDACs (histone deacetylases) are a group of enzymes that deacetylate histones as well as non-histone proteins. They are known as modulators of gene transcription and are associated with proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types and the pathogenesis of some diseases. Recently, HDACs have come to be considered crucial targets in various diseases, including cancer, interstitial fibrosis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological inhibitors of HDACs have been used or tested to treat those diseases. In the present review, we will examine the application of HDAC inhibitors in a variety of diseases with the focus on their effects of anti-cancer, fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activity and regulating metabolic disorders.
Narrow optical filtering in phase modulated communication links
Authors: Shapiro E.G. , Shapiro D.A.
Published: February 2013

Two variants of differential phase‐shift keying with π and π/2 shifts are compared theoretically. The expressions are derived for dispersion averaged over all the realisations of the bit sequence. It is shown that in the presence of strong optical filtering the π/2 scheme yields less dispersion of pulses and much better Q‐factor in agreement with the experiment. The inequality is confirmed by numerical calculation.
Symmetric extension method for basis expansion models under fast‐varying channels
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Qianbin , Hou Xingzhe , Zhang Zufan , Tang H. , Zheng Ke
Published: February 2013

A symmetric extension method for basis expansion modelling (BEM) under a fast‐varying channel is proposed. The conventional DFT BEM approach suffers from power leakage and results in a modelling error floor, especially at the channel boundaries. Proposed is a novel symmetric extension method to reduce the leakage power efficiently. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed channel modelling method is robust under different normalised Doppler frequencies and the modelling errors at the channel boundaries can be eliminated substantially.
Design of self‐powering part of SSHI interface for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Vasic D. , Chen Y.Y. , Costa F.
Published: February 2013

A design of the self‐powering part of the synchronised switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) interface based on zero‐velocity crossing detection for a piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed and investigated. To achieve a totally self‐powered energy harvester, a part of the extracted energy can be used to supply the MOSFET IC of the electric interface. The design of an extra piezoelectric element dedicated to supplying the electronics is presented. The study comprises a theoretical part and an experimental proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the proposed design method.
SAR ADC architecture with 98% reduction in switching energy over conventional scheme
Authors: Sanyal A. , Sun N.
Published: February 2013

A high energy‐efficiency switching scheme for a successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed method can achieve 98.4% savings in switching energy when compared to a conventional SAR. The proposed technique also achieves a 4 × reduction in total capacitance used in the digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) compared to the conventional DAC.
Cooperative relaying with block DFT processing and full‐duplex relays
Authors: Stanković V. , Spalević P.
Published: February 2013

Proposed is a cooperation scheme for a system with full‐duplex relays. The transmission over one frame from the source and the relay nodes is coordinated so that the effective channel matrix at the destination is block circulant. By using the low complexity block discrete Fourier transform the effective channel is transformed into a block diagonal matrix and the additional diversity gains are extracted with significantly lower computational complexity of the spatial processing. The scheme requires additional pilot overhead for the estimation of channel state information and additional time slots for the initial exchange of data between the source, the destination and the relay nodes.
Total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections for positron and electron collisions with tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Chiari Luca , Anderson Emma , Tattersall Wade , Machacek J. R. , Palihawadana Prasanga , Makochekanwa Casten , Sullivan James P. , García Gustavo , Blanco Francisco , McEachran R. P. , Brunger M. J. , Buckman Stephen J.
Published: February 2013

We present total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections for positron and electron scattering from tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the energy range between 1 and 5000 eV. Total cross sections (TCS), positronium formation cross sections, the summed inelastic integral cross sections (ICS) for electronic excitations and direct ionization, as well as elastic differential cross sections (DCS) at selected incident energies, have been measured for positron collisions with THF. The positron beam used to carry out these experiments had an energy resolution in the range 40–100 meV (full-width at half-maximum). We also present TCS results for positron and electron scattering from THF computed within the independent atom model using the screening corrected additivity rule approach. In addition, we calculated positron-impact elastic DCS and the sum over all inelastic ICS (except rotations and vibrations). While our integral and differential positron cross sections are the first of their kind, we compare our TCS with previous literature values for this species. We also provide a comparison between positron and electron-impact cross sections, in order to uncover any differences or similarities in the scattering dynamics with these two different projectiles.
Radial correlation effects on interconfigurational excitations at the end of the lanthanide series: A restricted active space second order perturbation study of Yb2+ and SrCl2:Yb2+
Authors: Barandiarán Zoila , Seijo Luis
Published: February 2013

At the end of the lanthanide series, 4f → 5d and other interconfigurational transitions, in which one electron is excited from a tight 4f orbital to a much more diffuse one, occur with a break of many f-f pairs, which make the electron correlation effects dominant. For instance, the large energy gap of 25 000 cm−1 (∼29 500 cm−1 without spin-orbit coupling) above the 4f14 ground state of the SrCl2:Yb2+ material is mostly due to electron correlation. In effect, a minimal multiconfigurational restricted active space (RASSCF) calculation that includes only the 4f14 ground and 4f135d and 4f136s open-shell excited configurations gives a very small gap (5400 cm−1), whereas the correlation corrections to the 4f14 → 4f135d(eg) transition energies at the second order perturbation theory (RASPT2) level are very large: 35 599 ± 439 cm−1, in average, for all excited states. These corrections are too large to be accurate at second order perturbation level. When a second f-shell is also included in the active space and single and double excitations to the 5d, 6s, and 5f shells are treated variationally, the (extended) RASSCF energy gap above the ground state and the electronic transitions increase by 22 038 ± 120 cm−1 and the RASPT2 correlation energy corrections become small (−721 ± 571 cm−1), as it is desirable for a second order perturbation. A comparative analysis of both RASPT2 results reveals that the lack of the second f-shell accounts for 12 700 cm−1 of the 14 223 ± 80 cm−1 overestimation of interconfigurational transitions energies by the minimal RASPT2 calculation, which indicates an inaccurate calculation of the differential radial correlation between the 4f14 and 4f135d configurations by second order perturbation theory. In order to establish practical and accurate procedures for the calculation of 4f → 5d and other interconfigurational transitions at the end of the lanthanide series, the above and other RASSCF/RASPT2 calculations on the ionization potential of Yb2+ in gas phase and in SrCl2 have been benchmarked in this paper against coupled cluster (coupled cluster singles and doubles and triples ) calculations, and RASSCF/RASPT2 calculations on the absorption spectrum of SrCl2:Yb2+ have been compared with experiment. The results support that variational calculation of SD 4f → 5f excitations prior to RASPT2 calculations can be a realistic, accurate, and feasible choice to model radial correlation effects at the end of the lanthanide series.
Dissolution-driven convection in a Hele–Shaw cell
Authors: Slim Anja C. , Bandi M. M. , Miller Joel C. , Mahadevan L.
Published: February 2013

Motivated by convection in the context of geological carbon-dioxide (CO2) storage, we present an experimental study of dissolution-driven convection in a Hele–Shaw cell for Rayleigh numbers \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}$\end{document}R in the range \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$100 < \mathcal {R}< 1700$\end{document}100<R<1700. We use potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in water as an analog for CO2 in brine and infer concentration profiles at high spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy from transmitted light intensity. We describe behavior from first contact up to 65% average saturation and measure several global quantities including dissolution flux, average concentration, amplitude of perturbations away from pure one-dimensional diffusion, and horizontally averaged concentration profiles. We show that the flow evolves successively through distinct regimes starting with a simple one-dimensional diffusional profile. This is followed by linear growth in which fingers are initiated and grow quasi-exponentially, independently of one-another. Once the fingers are well-established, a flux-growth regime begins as fresh fluid is brought to the interface and contaminated fluid removed, with the flux growing to a local maximum. During this regime, fingers still propagate independently. However, beyond the flux maximum, fingers begin to interact and zip together from the root down in a merging regime. Several generations of merging occur before only persistent primary fingers remain. Beyond this, the reinitiation regime begins with new fingers created between primary existing ones before merging into them. Through appropriate scaling, we show that the regimes are universal and independent of layer thickness (equivalently \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}$\end{document}R) until the fingers hit the bottom. At this time, progression through these regimes is interrupted and the flow transitions to a saturating regime. In this final regime, the flux gradually decays in a manner well described by a Howard-style phenomenological model.
The effect of viscoelasticity on the dynamics of gas bubbles near free surfaces
Authors: Lind S. J. , Phillips T. N.
Published: February 2013

The dynamics of bubbles immersed in a viscoelastic fluid directly beneath an initially plane free surface is modelled using the boundary integral method. The model predicts a range of dynamics that is dependent on the Deborah number, the Reynolds number and the proximity of the bubble to the free surface. The motion of the free surface jet caused by the collapse of a bubble in a viscoelastic fluid can be significantly retarded compared with the Newtonian case. The axial jet predicted in many instances in the Newtonian case is not observed when the inertial forces are sufficiently small. In this case an annular jet forms that can penetrate the bubble. At high Deborah numbers, there is a return to Newtonian-like dynamics since the effects of viscosity are abated by elasticity to such an extent that inertia is the prevailing influence on bubble dynamics.
Communication: Structure, formation, and equilibration of ensembles of Ag-S complexes on an Ag surface
Authors: Russell Selena M. , Kim Yousoo , Liu Da-Jiang , Evans J. W. , Thiel P. A.
Published: February 2013

We have utilized conditions of very low temperature (4.7 K) and very low sulfur coverage to isolate and identify Ag-S complexes that exist on the Ag(111) surface. The experimental conditions are such that the complexes form at temperatures above the temperature of observation. These complexes can be regarded as polymeric chains of varying length, with an Ag4S pyramid at the core of each monomeric unit. Steps may catalyze the formation of the chains and this mechanism may be reflected in the chain length distribution.
A DFT study of the NO dissociation on gold surfaces doped with transition metals
Authors: Fajín José L. C. , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S. , Gomes José R. B.
Published: February 2013

The NO dissociation on a series of doped gold surfaces (type TMn@Au(111) or TMn@Au(110), with TMn = Ni, Ir, Rh, or Ag and referring n to the number of dopant atoms per unit cell) was investigated through periodic density functional theory calculations. Generally, doping of Au(111) and Au(110) matrices was found to strengthen the interaction with NO species, with the exception of Ag, and was found to increase the energy barrier for dissociation, with the exception of Ni on Au(111). The calculations suggest that the NO dissociation is only possible in the case of the Ir@Au(110) bimetallic surface but only at high temperatures. The increase of the contents of Ir on Au(110) was found to improve significantly the catalytic activity of gold towards the NO dissociation (Eact = ∼1 eV). Nevertheless, this energy barrier is almost the double of that calculated for NO dissociation on pure Ir(110). However, mixing the two most interesting dopant atoms resulted in a catalyst model of the type Ir@Ni(110) that was found to decrease the energy barrier to values close to those calculated for pure Ir surfaces, i.e., ∼0.4 eV, and at the same time the dissociation reaction became mildly exothermic.
Experimental and theoretical cross sections for positron collisions with 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Chiari Luca , Palihawadana Prasanga , Machacek J. R. , Makochekanwa Casten , García Gustavo , Blanco Francisco , McEachran R. P. , Brunger M. J. , Buckman Stephen J. , Sullivan James P.
Published: February 2013

Cross section results from a joint experimental and theoretical investigation into positron scattering from 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran (3H-THF) are presented. Total and positronium (Ps) formation cross sections have been measured from 1 to 190 eV using the positron beamline at the Australian National University, which has an energy resolution between 60 and 100 meV. The total cross section (TCS) and the elastic and total inelastic integral cross sections in the energy range between 1 and 1000 eV have been computed within the Independent Atom Model using the Screening Corrected Additivity Rule approach. In addition, we have calculated elastic differential cross sections at selected incident energies. Our computations represent the first theoretical results reported for this target species, while our measured Ps formation cross sections are also novel. Comparison of the present TCS with the previous results from the University of Trento shows a good level of agreement at the lowest energies. We also provide a comparison between the present cross sections for 3H-THF and those from our earlier study on the parent molecule tetrahydrofuran.
Direct ΔMBPT(2) method for ionization potentials, electron affinities, and excitation energies using fractional occupation numbers
Authors: Beste Ariana , Vázquez-Mayagoitia Álvaro , Ortiz J. V.
Published: February 2013

A direct method (D-ΔMBPT(2)) to calculate second-order ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), and excitation energies is developed. The ΔMBPT(2) method is defined as the correlated extension of the ΔHF method. Energy differences are obtained by integrating the energy derivative with respect to occupation numbers over the appropriate parameter range. This is made possible by writing the second-order energy as a function of the occupation numbers. Relaxation effects are fully included at the SCF level. This is in contrast to linear response theory, which makes the D-ΔMBPT(2) applicable not only to single excited but also higher excited states. We show the relationship of the D-ΔMBPT(2) method for IPs and EAs to a second-order approximation of the effective Fock-space coupled-cluster Hamiltonian and a second-order electron propagator method. We also discuss the connection between the D-ΔMBPT(2) method for excitation energies and the CIS-MP2 method. Finally, as a proof of principle, we apply our method to calculate ionization potentials and excitation energies of some small molecules. For IPs, the ΔMBPT(2) results compare well to the second-order solution of the Dyson equation. For excitation energies, the deviation from equation of motion coupled cluster singles and doubles increases when correlation becomes more important. When using the numerical integration technique, we encounter difficulties that prevented us from reaching the ΔMBPT(2) values. Most importantly, relaxation beyond the Hartree-Fock level is significant and needs to be included in future research.
Electroresistance and Joule heating effects in manganite thin films
Authors: Balcells Ll. , Peña L. , Galceran R. , Pomar A. , Bozzo B. , Konstantinovic Z. , Sandiumenge F. , Martinez B.
Published: February 2013

Electroresistance phenomena have been investigated in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) microbridges through the analysis of I-V characteristic curves. I-V curves are nonlinear in all the range of temperatures explored, but are almost reversible and exhibit origin symmetry which suggest the existence of Joule self-heating effects. However, comparing the resistance determined from the I-V curves (R = V/I) at the actual sample temperature, measured through a Pt thermometer microfabricated on top of the LSMO microbridges, with the resistance measured in thermal equilibrium, i.e., in the low current regime, it is evident that Joule self-heating effects alone cannot account for the experimental results. We demonstrate that oxygen depletion is the cause for the observed increase of resistance and the reduction of TC.