bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sermons and the Performance of Historiographical Authority in the Construction of the Roman Catholic Built Landscape, 1880–1890
Authors: NicGhabhann Niamh
Published: May 2021

During the nineteenth century, infrastructures of devotion and religious worship in Ireland changed dramatically. By 1900, the landscape was transformed by the presence of highly decorated, prominent church buildings. The many building projects of the Roman Catholic church were highly dependent on donations and fundraising. This essay explores the extent to which historical narratives, images, and ideas were used in order to motivate donations, and to develop a sense of community engagement with these new buildings as both symbols of past persecution overcome, and future spiritual glory. It explores sermons and speeches associated with new church building projects as sites for the performance of historiographical authority, and traces the emergence of key narratives of identity and memory, which were powerfully expressed through the spaces and architectural forms of the church buildings.
Invoking the Authority of the Middle Ages in Nineteenth-Century Ireland: The ‘Irish Crosses’ of Earley & Powells
Authors: Thomas Colleen M.
Published: May 2021

This essay challenges the claim of the antiquarian artist Henry O’Neill that the publication of his 1857 book on early medieval crosses in Ireland sparked the nineteenth-century Celtic cross industry. While acknowledging O’Neill’s contribution as a founding researcher of medieval high cross scholarship, it argues that the design and significance of Celtic crosses developed in Victorian Ireland through social networks of antiquarians, monument makers and their culturally diverse, elite clients. Highlighted is the Irish ecclesiastical decorating firm, Earley & Powells, which began producing Celtic cross monuments in the 1860s. The significance of the Celtic cross silhouette which featured in landscape paintings alongside medieval ruins is considered in view of the conflicted relationship between landscape and Irish aristocracy. The essay concludes with a discussion about two of Earley & Powells’ clients and the monumental Celtic crosses they commissioned.
W.B. Yeats, Scholastic Aestheticism and Cultural Authority in Late Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Walker Tom
Published: May 2021

W. B. Yeats’s early work ambitiously attempts to reconstitute cultural authority in late nineteenth-century Ireland and Britain. Yet much of the artistic and critical ground that he was attempting to overturn remains somewhat unexplored. This essay places the young poet against the backdrop of a burgeoning and increasingly interconnected critical, aesthetic and academic culture then operating not only in Britain but also in Ireland. More particularly, it examines how Yeats’s early journalism deployed an amalgamation of aesthetic disinterest and cultural nationalism to contest the authority of a Dublin clerisy then bent, in his own terms, on scholasticizing the cultural field. It also relatedly considers how such authority was not only mediated in but also partly constituted by late Victorian British and Irish periodical culture.
Local-Colour Writers: Figures of Authority?
Authors: Corporaal Marguérite
Published: May 2021

During the 1890s Irish local-colour fiction flourished. The strong emphasis in cultural nationalist movements on regional customs, folklore, oral traditions and mythology as the foundation of an authentic Irish identity, appears to have ignited a boom in regional fiction that was very popular among communities on both sides of the Atlantic, and even in the Pacific. This chapter examines the concept of authority in relation to this tradition of regional literature by asking how Irish local colour authors, who in frequent cases were not native to the region that they wrote about, established their authority as experts on regional character and customs. What role did their self-fashioning as writers play in this respect? In what other ways were their texts marketed as narratives that gave access to authentic regional experience? The present study looks at the author prefaces, the ways in which these texts present their sources, and their use of narrative structures as the means to negotiate authority. It also suggests links between these strategies and issues of gender.
Introduction: A Political Biography
Authors: Cross Máire Fedelma
Published: May 2021

Beginning with a recapitulation of Flora Tristan’s short but tumultuous life from 1803 to 1844, the introduction explains that although now known as one of the foremost French predecessors to the feminist and socialist movement, historiographical analysis of her legacy in both labour and feminist history has been neglected to the extent that there is nothing on how Jules Puech became her first major historical biographer. The timely discovery of Flora Tristan in his papers has made it possible to enrich our knowledge of both their lives and their activism. By intertwining their lives beyond the grave and using material gleaned from generations of activists as historians, and historians as activists, the double biography reveals more about French history than the two separate lives.
Flora Tristan in the Press
Authors: Cross Máire Fedelma
Published: May 2021

The growth of Flora Tristan’s contribution to political ideas of her day ran concurrently with the development of the press in the nineteenth century. The digital tools of the twenty-first century enabled me to broaden knowledge of her presence as a controversial figure in newspapers including some outside France. The press survey from 1838 to the present illustrates how attitudes to her changed. Antagonism was frequent during her lifetime, especially in reports in the British and Irish press about the arrest and trial of her husband André Chazal after his attempted murder of the author in September 1838. By contrast she inspired admiration from activists such as Hélène Brion who celebrated her originality in founding the universal workers’ union. While political militants, feminist and socialists alike, lamented the lack of attention paid to Flora Tristan, by the twentieth century, her story was increasingly attractive to a new generation of historians of socialism of the mid-nineteenth century sensitive of her feminist aspirations. The circumstances of Jules Puech’s first press articles of 1909–11 are thus portrayed as a contextualisation of the beginning of his authority as an author on Flora Tristan.
The Whirlwind Effect of Flora Tristan
Authors: Cross Máire Fedelma
Published: May 2021

The results of a trawl of Jules Puech’s abundant unpublished letters to his parents and his wife, and his published works of the 1900s to find references to Flora Tristan reveal how Puech worked and how he preferred to develop his career as a writer-historian rather than taking up any option suggested by family or academic mentors. His increasing involvement in Paris academic circles was related in his letters and intrinsic in his accounts of progress and constraints in his personal and professional difficulties. By examining the context of his completion of a doctoral thesis, we can establish that it was his decision to work on the theme of internationalism in the labour movement that Puech discovered there was more to Flora Tristan than her authorship of Union Ouvrière and that such advance in his unique knowledge made him the ideal biographer.
War and Peace for the Flora Tristan Biographer
Authors: Cross Máire Fedelma
Published: May 2021

Puech’s wartime correspondence with his wife Marie-Louise show how his writing of the biography of Flora Tristan grew in fits and starts, suspended as was his committee and editorial work for the pacifist movement, La Paix par le Droit. So affected by the horrors of war was he that when he resumed writing after demobilisation in 1919, he prioritised his publication of a work in 1921 promoting the League of Nations. He linked it to nineteenth-century utopian socialist internationalism and worked in a team of academics editing Proudhon’s complete works for publication. The letters and the references to the expanding feminist suffrage campaign in his work demonstrate the significant presence of Marie-Louise, who since their marriage in 1908 had assisted Puech as his full-time researcher. She followed up leads on Flora Tristan, translated and corresponded in German and English, and was his mentor, both in the peace movement and in encouraging his completion of the biography that was finally published in 1925 when he submitted it as a doctoral thesis to the Sorbonne. Thanks to her typed transcriptions, Puech used much of the original material from the Flora Tristan papers adding intellectual value to the biography.
Poetry & Money
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: May 2021

Poetry & Money: A Speculation is a study of relationships between poets, poetry, and money from Chaucer to contemporary times. It begins by showing how trust is essential to the creation of value in human exchange, and how money can, depending on conditions, both enable and disable such trustfully collaborative generations of value. Drawing upon a vast range of poetry for its exemplifications, the book includes studies of poetic hardship, religious verse and debt redeeming, the South Sea Bubble and the financial revolution, debates upon metallic and paper currency in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as modernist struggles with the gold standard, depression, inflation, and the realised groundlessness of exchange value. With its practitioner’s attention to the minutiae of poetic technique, it considers analogies between words and coins, and between poetic rhythm and the circulation of currencies in an economy. Through its close readings of poems over many centuries directly or indirectly engaged with money, it proposes ways in which, while we cannot escape monetary economies, we can resist, to some extent, being ensnared and diminished by them – through a fresh understanding of values money may serve to enable, ones which are nevertheless beyond price.
Money is a kind of poetry
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: May 2021

The title of this chapter is an aphorism from Adagia by Wallace Stevens. What this metaphorical conjoining could mean is unpacked as a further introduction to the complexities surrounding the relationships that poets and poetry may have with money, the theme illustrated by an article by Charles Simic. This aphorism being a form of metaphor, the metaphorical grounding of the book’s exploration is developed here. Stevens’s aphorism has been widely commented on, and a discussion of it includes references to poems by Dana Gioia and William Matthews, as well as remarks by the fictional poet in Humboldt’s Gift. The aphorism is then interpreted in the light of its poet’s two essays on insurance claims, which leads into a discussion of his poem ‘Attempt to Discover Life’, a lyric that concludes with a reference to Cuban currency.
For a vast speculation had failed
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: May 2021

Chapter six follows the theme of gold versus paper money into the Victorian era by revisiting Thomas Love Peacock’s Paper Money Lyrics and relating it to the history of bank failure upon which the poems satirically descant. Tennyson’s biographical and poetic interest in speculations and the consequences of their failures are followed out in discussions of his ‘Sea Dreams’ and Maud, relating anxieties about valueless promises in investments to the value of the poet’s own words in these poems. It continues the interest in poetic technique by looking particularly at how the rhyming works in money poems by Hood, Browning, Clough and Davidson. It also returns to the theme of poets’ financial straits from Chapter 3, relating it to poetic techniques in, especially, Hood and Davidson.
Contracts and prophets
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: May 2021

As its title suggests, this chapter employs a contrast of prophetic and contractual models for poets’ relationships with their readers. It offers close readings of money poems by Lawrence and Kathleen Raine to exemplify aspects of a prophetic orientation, and ones by Auden and Bernard Spencer to exemplify versions of a contractual model. In doing so, it explores, with particular reference to 1930s poetry in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression, what may be involved in living within a society and an economic system, and how our compulsory and determined relationships with economic conditions may be differently challenged, shaped, and managed within the micro-economies of poetic forms.
In Opposite Directions: A. Alvarez and Thom Gunn
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on literary journalist A. Alvarez and his views on the work of Thom Gunn. Alvarez, who was appointed poetry editor of the Observer in 1956, was primarily an academic through much of the 1950s. He studied and taught at Oxford and at Princeton, where he was a protégé of R. P. Blackmur. His university posts resulted in two critical books aimed largely at an academic audience: The Shaping Spirit (1958) about the poetry of English and American modernism, and The School of Donne (1960) on the metaphysical poets. Alvarez was initially an admirer of Gunn, who was as Donnean poet as he could have wished for. He would later change his mind, claiming that ‘apart from a handful of early poems, Gunn has never shown much interest in the style of exacerbated intensity that attracted his Cambridge contemporary, Ted Hughes’.
Against Gentility
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers works emerging from the poetic movement which formed part of a much larger picture of progression from small pockets of anti-gentility in British society and culture in the 1950s to the much more pervasive societal shift of the 1960s and 1970s. Gentility was not simply repression by politeness, it was connected to the repressions of the culture at large: the emotional and social repression of ‘libido’ or ‘evil’, ‘two world wars’, ‘concentration camps’, ‘genocide’, ‘the threat of nuclear war’. A poet needs to confront ‘the fears and desires he does not wish to face’ and gentility serves to hide from this.
Anthology-Making
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on poetry anthologies published in the 1950s and 1960s. Robert Conquest's 1956 Macmillan anthology New Lines was responsible for consolidating the arguments and personnel of the Movement in the public mind. This was achieved through his clear taste and agenda, New Lines' limited personnel of just nine poets, and the generous selections from the poets' work it contained. Another anthology published in the same year was G. S. Fraser's Poetry Now, where no less than 74 poets are represented. The contents list reveals that Fraser was acquainted with the work of many poets from all sides of the poetry world, while the introduction reveals him to be well informed on recent poetic trends. Penguin, the biggest British publisher at that time, also drew up a scheme for new poetry anthologies: a new edition of Kenneth Allott's Contemporary Verse; Poetry since the War, a book suggested by [C. B.] Cox and [A. E.] Dyson of the Critical Quarterly; and An Anthology of Twentieth Century Lyrics with an emphasis on the Georgian style and its inheritors to be edited by one John Smith.
Going to Extremes
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter first considers A. Alvarez's assessment of the poetry and suicide of Sylvia Plath. It argues that Plath's suicide was an eventuality neither Alvarez's theories, nor Alvarez himself had predicted when he first admired Plath's work, but was something with which they had to come to terms. Alvarez's criticism changed in order to account for the unmistakably thanatopic themes in Plath's extraordinary last bursts of creativity and for their possible connection to the death of the author herself. The chapter then turns to Alvarez's extremism. For him, ‘extremism in the arts ends not so much in anarchy as in a kind of internal fascism by which the artist, to relieve his own boredom, becomes both torturer and tortured’. It is ‘ruthless, destructive, deeply self-involved, wildly self-gratifying’. By this Alvarez was advocating a stripe of Western art that, set beside his descriptions of the poetry of Eastern Europe, appears morbidly decadent.
Against Extremism
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers the attacks against Alvarez's extremism. In the 1960s and 1970s, there appeared something like a sub-genre devoted to attacking the notion of extremism in verse. Charles Tomlinson's ‘Against Extremity’, from his 1969 collection The Way of the World, was particularly outspoken and unpleasant, referring to how ‘That girl’ who nearly took her own life before writing a book. Roy Fisher, a late modernist poet also declared: ‘The poets are dying because they have been told to die’. The fiercest and most comprehensive sally came from a bright young Scottish academic named Veronica Forrest-Thomson, who inveighed against: the suicide merchants who say in effect, ‘no one can become a great poet unless he has at least tried killing himself’. The chapter goes on to discuss the similarities between Sylvia Plath and Forrest-Thomson, as well as the latter's poetry.
Costing Seriousness
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.
‘I Don’t Like Dramatizing Myself’
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers the poetry of Thom Gunn. While discussing ‘The Gas Poker’ a poem from his last volume, 2000's Boss Cupid, Gunn remarked: ‘I don't like dramatizing myself. I don't want to be Sylvia Plath. The last person I want to be!’ The chapter examines the reasons behind this remark. It looks at ‘Expression’, a poem from his 1982 collection The Passages of Joy, suggesting that the lack of expression emanating from its mother and son has its correlative in the lack of direct expression in Gunn's verse of his relationship to his mother and to the manner of her death. Following a surfeit of histrionic emotionalism and suicide in early life, Gunn had little cause to seek it out in art and sought a mentor who would make poetic theory and practice a bulwark against them.
Birthday Letters
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes Ted Hughes' Birthday Letters. Birthday Letters put a poet, now of the 1990s, in correspondence with his younger self and the younger Plath. The poems comment on, allude to, contradict, or compete with those of Plath. There is a certain amount of putting facts right, a settling of scores that relates to the two poets' marriage and to the intrusion of others' biographical speculation about that marriage. Most of the verse in Birthday Letters is technically free, but, like so much mainstream contemporary poetry, it likes to keep the pentameter in sight, and much of it functions at a very low pressure. Indeed, the majority of the book's poems can be read more or less like prose. If the trouble with poetry of the 1960s and 1970s is too much striving for intensity of effect, the problem here is too little. Furthermore, most of the poems' artifice, their particularly poetic features, can, with the exception of some heavy-handed symbolism, be more or less ignored.
Geoffrey Hill’s New Poetry
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the poetry of Geoffrey Hill, a poet of the New Poetry generation who has over the last two decades been more active and in some ways more extremist than he ever was before. From 1996's Canaan on, the costive impersonality of Hill's earlier work has been shredded to reveal a poet more nakedly rivalrous and rancorous, more overtly ungenteel, more flagrantly assertive of bad taste and distaste than he ever was before. Hill has not been reckless with the details of his intimates, but, making his age, his depression, and its medication the subject for verse, he is much closer to Plath's domain than he once was. Indeed, in his poetry, the ethical problem of relating to portrayals of human suffering in the world and in history has taken on a much more personal colouring.
Children of The New Poetry
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter argues that the offsprings of The New Poetry have neither the nerve nor nous to have both the fierce partiality and the representativeness of Alvarez. Its Penguin successor, Blake Morrison and Andrew Motion's Penguin Book of Contemporary British Verse, was ultimately a consolidation of a dominant taste more than an argument for a fresh one. The oft-stated complaint about the younger poets championed in their book is that their work was merely a continuation of the Movement by flashier device, but in truth a number of them are better seen as children of The New Poetry. Bloodaxe, a specialist poetry house, has for the last two decades taken upon itself to publish generation-defining anthologies. Its own The New Poetry borrowed Alvarez's title, if not his sense of purpose, but drew heavily on the format and ethos of Edward Lucie-Smith, if not his evaluative sense. The editors assembled work which often showed the influence of Paul Muldoon as well as the New York Poets, whose sense of play, even of fun, is much more clearly at odds with the spirits of Alvarez and of Conquest than are the influences of the Motion/Morison book.
Afterword
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

The Afterword examines publications and disclosures made about the connection between A. Alvarez and Sylvia Plath since the first publication of The Alvarez Generation. Its own look at the biographical details of personal relationship between the two writers details the timing of their meetings and the poems Plath recited at them. The Afterword also weighs up the biographical evidence for a possible sexual liaison between Alvarez and Plath, including the testimony of Olwyn Hughes regarding Plath’s journals cited by Ted Hughes’s biographer Jonathan Bate, and settles the question by adding new biographical evidence of its own. The Afterword then reconsiders ‘Beyond the Gentility Principle’ in relation to questions of sex and sexual politics, and re-evaluates Alvarez’s presentations of possible connections between Plath’s poetry and her suicide.
Crossing the Borders of Art and Society: Toledo as a Meeting Place of Cultures 1150–1350
Authors: Gerber Jane S.
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on how Toledo's Jews formed an integral part of a city defined by diverse languages, cultures and peoples. Toledo, situated in the heart of Muslim territory, was the first Andalusian city to fall to the Christians in 1085. It discusses a new Castilian identity emerged out of the embers of Andalusia and the ongoing clashes of the Reconquest. The chapter highlights the New Jewish identities developed, the reconfiguration of political borders and population shifts on a grand scale. It explores how Toledo became the meeting place as well as a prime battleground for the many competing social and intellectual currents in Christian and Jewish circles. It argues that the migration of the Jews from Muslim to Christian Spain in the twelfth century did not spell the end of the rich culture that Jews had created in Andalusia. Jews continued to speak Arabic well into the fourteenth century and to cultivate Arabic-inspired arts. These formed an essential part of their identity. Ultimately, the chapter explains how the Sephardim responded to the new challenges of the Reconquest and the attacks on their tradition with the artistic vocabularies of the surrounding cultures.
Jewish Life in Amsterdam and the Formation of the Western Sephardi Diaspora 1579–1700
Authors: Gerber Jane S.
Published: May 2021

This chapter illustrates a twofold journey of Conversos, a physical trek northward to freedom and a spiritual journey to the practice of Judaism, throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They had no personal experience of life in a Jewish community after the Expulsion from Spain. What united them was a sense of shared oppression at the hands of the Inquisition in Portugal and the collective memory, however faint, of being portugueses de la nación hebrea, homens de nação, or simply members of the nação, the 'Nation'. The chapter explores a distinctive social unit that Conversos formed with extraordinarily tight bonds in Seville, Madrid, Lima, and elsewhere, and a sense of kinship with other Portuguese and Spanish Conversos, wherever they were. This background produced a new and different historical trajectory. The Amsterdam community outstripped the others in culture and affluence and served as their model and guide. Amsterdam, in turn, drew its models of the Jewish community from the Sephardim of Venice. It also examines the emerging new political reality, United Provinces of the Netherlands, and a new model of the Jewish community, the western Sephardi diaspora.
Final Judgement and the Dead in Medieval Jewish Thought
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

Through a detailed analysis of ghost tales in the Ashkenazi pietistic work Sefer ḥasidim, this book documents a major transformation in Jewish attitudes and practices regarding the dead and the afterlife that took place between the rabbinic period and medieval times. The book reveals that a huge influx of Germano-Christian beliefs, customs, and fears relating to the dead and the afterlife seeped into medieval Ashkenazi society among both elite and popular groups. In matters of sin, penance, and posthumous punishment, the infiltration of Christian notions was so strong as to effect a radical departure in Pietist thinking from rabbinic thought and to spur outright contradiction of talmudic principles regarding the realm of the hereafter. Although it is primarily a study of the culture of a medieval Jewish enclave, this book demonstrates how seminal beliefs of medieval Christendom and monastic ideals could take root in a society with contrary religious values — even in the realm of doctrinal belief.
The Sinful Dead
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses how the sinful dead are punished in Pietist sources as opposed to talmudic ones. The notion that the dead return to Earth in order to suffer punishment for sin is rooted in pre-Christian beliefs surrounding the return of the dangerous dead. That such notions appear in high medieval sources testifies to the tenacity of pagan ideas regarding the dead; these beliefs survived for centuries under the veneer of Christianization, especially in the Germanic environment which formed the background to Sefer ḥasidim. The pre-Christian belief in the return of the corporeal dead to Earth, as well as an unabashed belief in the corporeal nature of the post-mortem punishments assigned to sinners, were ones that R. Judah the Pious absorbed from his environment and shared with his contemporary Caesarius of Heisterbach, among other Christian writers. The presence of the same beliefs regarding the dead in the writings of the German Cistercian and the German Pietist reveals a commonality between them. Ancient imaginings of the dead here cross religious boundaries and reflect a world-view that was shared by medieval Jew and Christian alike.
The Holy Dead
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

This chapter identifies the heightened value assigned to martyrdom in the medieval period as an example of appropriation of Christian concepts involving the holy dead. The ghost tales of Sefer ḥasidim reflect the martyrs' exalted position as the holy dead of Ashkenaz. The use of the medium of the ghost tale in Sefer ḥasidim in order to illustrate the impropriety of burying the wicked beside the righteous attests to the influence that outside forces had in shaping the Pietist conception of the martyrs as the holy dead. Instead of miraculous interventions that prevented situations of improper burial in the talmudic narratives, in the Pietist stories the dead themselves seek out the living in order to correct existing situations of improper burial. Shared motifs between the relevant ghost tales of Sefer ḥasidim and those found in the Icelandic sagas and exempla literature reveal the affinity between pre-Christian, Christian, and Pietist notions regarding the burial of the wicked amidst the righteous. These shared motifs testify to the appropriation by the Ashkenazi community of the Christian notion of the martyr-saints as the holy dead, and its adaptation to the Rhineland martyrs.
On Sin, Penance, and Purgation
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

This chapter evaluates R. Judah the Pious's position on posthumous punishment as compared with rabbinic tradition and tosafist commentary. It assess his views on the matter in light of the changes that occurred within the Christian doctrine of penance and the rise of Purgatory in the high medieval period. The sabbath rest of souls — a belief commonly held by Jews of the time — has no place in R. Judah's vision of Gehenna. Besides increasing the duration of posthumous punishment, the Pietists also heighten its severity. Such punishment is punitive rather than purgative, and is to be avoided as much as possible through the performance of harsh acts of penance in this world. Several important themes of the early medieval penitential literature have been transferred onto the pages of Sefer ḥasidim. Having substituted the doctrine of Inevitable Sin for Original Sin, and depicted the Pietist master as a Christ-like figure of atonement, R. Judah has unwittingly adopted a thoroughly Christian world-view. Moreover, R. Judah's advocacy of voluntary corporeal suffering, as well as his definition of the hasid as one who lives in constant daily battle with sin and in ascetic withdrawal from the pleasures of this world, demonstrate the Pietists' identification with several fundamental monastic ideals.
Printed Musical Propaganda in Early Modern England
Authors: Mann Joseph Arthur
Published: May 2021

Printed Musical Propaganda in Early Modern England exposes a relationship between music and propaganda that crossed generations and genres, revealing how consistently music, in theory and practice, was used as propaganda in a variety of printed genres that included or discussed music from the English Civil Wars through the reign of William and Mary. These bawdy broadside ballads, pamphlets paid for by Parliament, sermons advertising the Church of England’s love of music, catch-all music collections, music treatises addressed to monarchs, and masque and opera texts, when connected in a contextual mosaic, reveal a new picture of not just individual propaganda pieces, but multi-work propaganda campaigns with contributions that cross social boundaries. Musicians, Royalists, Parliamentarians, government officials, propagandists, clergymen, academics, and music printers worked together setting musical traps to catch the hearts and minds of their audiences and readers. Printed Musical Propaganda proves that the influential power of music was not merely an academic matter for the early modern English, but rather a practical benefit that many sought to exploit for their own gain.
Introduction
Authors: Mann Joseph Arthur
Published: May 2021

The introduction discusses the historiography of early modern England, the history of printing and censorship in that period, and the characteristics of the various musical genres used during that period as vehicles for propaganda. It shows that individuals across the social spectrum could access musical propaganda. It also shows that government censorship had a significant impact on print output. Finally, it provides an overview of the book’s content and exposes the author’s perspective on determining the propaganda designation of individual works.
Music as Propaganda for the Church of England after the Toleration Act
Authors: Mann Joseph Arthur
Published: May 2021

The passage of the Toleration Act meant religious freedom for non-Anglican Protestants but signaled a fundamental shift in the position of the Church of England in English society. Prior, the Church of England benefited from a government-backed monopoly on legal religious practice in England. The loss of these legal inducements meant that the Church of England had to compete equally, for the first time, in a marketplace of religious ideas. Chapter four exposes how the Church of England responded to this change with pro-music pamphlets advertising the joyful nature of the Anglican service in contrast to the austere practices of other Protestant denominations. It argues that while nonconformists wrote massive treatises arguing fine theological points about music in divine worship, Anglicans produced pamphlets that were addressed to the average reader in terms they could understand. It also connects these pro-music pamphlets to other accessible works written by Anglican propagandists that promote the Church of England in this new marketplace of ideas. Overall, the chapter reveals the previously-unknown propaganda functions of these Anglican music pamphlets and reveals that they were part of a larger, equally unknown, pro-Anglican propaganda campaign that directly responded to the results of the Toleration Act.
Prologue
Authors: Brister Wanda , Rosenblatt Jay
Published: May 2021

Couldn’t you say I come from the Moon & wish to remain a mystery?

—Letter to Lance Bowling, November 3, 1976

Sometimes serendipity leads us to our life’s work. In the case of our study of Madeleine Dring (1923–77), it was an innocent request for a CD for the ride home, made on an afternoon in July 2000, when one of us (Wanda) was in Glendower Jones’s sheet music shop in Upper Manhattan. That request led to the loan of ...
The Lady Composer Makes Her Entrance
Authors: Brister Wanda , Rosenblatt Jay
Published: May 2021

From her birth in North London to her residences in Streatham in South London, Dring’s earliest years are discussed. Portraits are provided of her father and mother, including their professions and musical talents, and there are details on her older brother, grandparents, and other relatives as well as evidence of her middle-class background. Also noted are Dring’s church upbringing as a Roman Catholic and the importance of her religion at this point in her life, and her formal education at St. Andrew’s Roman Catholic Primary School and La Retraite Roman Catholic Girls School. Little is known of her musical education from these years, but there is a description of an early recital with her family and the musical instruments in the house.
The Spectral Reclassification of Nearby (z < 0.02) Type IIn Supernovae
Authors: Ransome Conor L. , Habergham-Mawson Stacey M. , Darnley Matthew J. , James Philip A. , Filippenko Alexei. V. , Schlegel Eric. M.
Published: May 2021

Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are an enigmatic subclass of SNe that show heterogeneity in their photometric and spectroscopic properties. Complex, multi-component Balmer line profiles are a defining property of SNe IIn. Perhaps owing to the heterogeneity in the SN IIn class, online databases often conflict and hold outdated or erroneous classifications. This is compounded by SN “impostors” and H ii region contamination. We outline a classification scheme based on multi-component Hα profiles and apply it to a sample of 115 nearby (redshift z < 0.02) SNe that have held a SN IIn classification on the Open Supernova Catalogue (OSC). We find that 25 of our transients were misclassified as SNe IIn. We also note that there is disagreement between OSC and the Transient Name Server for 51 of the transients.
Two new species and a new record of yellow Cantharellus from tropical Quercus forests in eastern Mexico with the proposal of a new name for the replacement of Craterellus confluens
Authors: Montoya Leticia , Herrera Mariana , Bandala Victor M. , Ramos Antero
Published: May 2021

Two new species of yellow Cantharellus and a new record of Cantharellus tabernensis associated with tropical species of Quercus are presented, based on the taxonomic study of fresh specimens and in a phylogenetic analysis of transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) and the large subunit of the ribosome (nLSU) sequences. One of the new species proposed here, corresponds to a choice edible mushroom, which, in our molecular phylogeny, resulted in it being related to the group of species around C. lateritius and sister with Craterellus confluens type specimen. This latter is here formally transferred to Cantharellus and consequently a new name, Cantharellus furcatus, is proposed to replace the homonym Cantharellus confluens (Schwein.) Schwein. 1834 a later synonym of Byssomerulius corium. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions accompanied with illustrations and a taxonomic discussion are presented for each species.
Seasonal dynamics of waterbirds from a relict wetland in the central Monte Desert, Argentina
Authors: Tallei Ever , Benavidez Analía , Schaaf Alejandro , Isola Pablo , Zanotti Marcelo
Published: May 2021

Wetlands currently have high rates of degradation, with more than 70% lost globally. In the central Monte Desert, Argentina, they are a scarce and limited resource for the biodiversity which depends on them. Waterbirds have been used as biological indicators of wetlands because they respond to fluctuations in food resources and to environmental changes in the short term. Here we analyse the seasonal variations in the structure of the waterbird assemblage from a relict wetland in this region. We carried out censuses of waterbirds in a 6-year period (between 2009 and 2019) during the southern summer and winter. We recorded 1875 individuals of 33 species of waterbirds during the summer and 677 individuals of 29 species during the winter. The grouping patterns of the waterbird assemblages differed between seasons (R = 0.35;p< 0.01). Taxonomic diversity profiles showed greater diversity for all indexes (qD) during the summer. The guild of invertivorous and omnivorous waders had a greater abundance of individuals during the summer (p< 0.05) and, together with the surface-feeding herbivores, contributed to the 87% of the dissimilarity of the assemblages between seasons.Phoenicopterus chilensiswas the only species registered as threatened with national and international extinction. Relict wetlands, such as Laguna del Viborón, still have attributes of community diversity and represent the last refuges for waterbirds of the central Monte Desert. The information gathered in this study will contribute to the guidelines for integrated management plans and monitoring programmes for the conservation of the wetland and its biodiversity.
A new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) and supplementary description of Amphinemura cordiformis from the Nanling Mountains of southern China
Authors: Meng-Yuan Zhao , Yu-Zhou Du
Published: May 2021

Two species of Nemouridae are described and illustrated from the Nanling Mountains of southern China, including a new species, Nemoura biplattasp. nov. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a new regional record species, Amphinemura cordiformis Li & Yang, 2006 from Hunan Province. The morphological characteristics of the new species are compared to related taxa and the new images with supplementary description of A. cordiformis are also provided.
Out of the blue: The first record of the genus Heremites Gray, 1845 (Squamata, Scincidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Masroor Rafaqat , Idrees Muhammad , Khisroon Muhammad , Jamal Qaisar , Jablonski Daniel
Published: May 2021

The genus Heremites Gray, 1845 is endemic to the Western Palearctic region, containing morphologically similar species with a not well resolved taxonomy. The genus has a broad distribution from North Africa to Central Asia, with the only known record from northeastern Afghanistan. Three species are currently recognized in the genus with one, H. septemtaeniatus (Reuss, 1834), representing populations at the eastern edge of the genus range. During extensive fieldwork, we discovered H. septemtaeniatus from northwestern Pakistan and provisionally suggest that this population could be morphologically defined as H. septemtaeniatus transcaucasicus (Chernov, 1926). This important contribution to the knowledge regarding the family Scincidae in Pakistan, however, needs further investigation using an integrative approach.
Le « petit Homère » de Chateaubriand
Authors: Bocholier Julien
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose une première édition des essais de traduction de Chateaubriand contenus dans son exemplaire de l’ Iliade (chants IX à XII) conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Smith-Lesouëf, 135). Après avoir proposé une datation de ces fragments, autour de 1805, et indiqué leur probable contexte de rédaction, nous examinons d’abord le rapport de Chateaubriand au texte grec, et notamment l’intermédiaire que constituait pour lui la traduction latine contenue dans son volume ; puis, nous étudions, dans Les Martyrs et Les Natchez , les passages susceptibles d’avoir été influencés par les extraits d’Homère traduits par l’auteur.
Évolution et devenir de l’hôpital de jour « L’Escale »
Authors: Pot Stéphane , Bernard Caroline , Hespel Marc
Published: May 2021

À travers l’histoire de l’Hôpital de Jour « L’Escale », de son évolution au fil de ses 35 ans d’existence, les auteurs mettent l’accent sur la nécessaire adaptation permettant la pérennité d’un modèle de prise en charge toujours pertinent. Cette évolution, et en particulier l’intégration d’approches comme la réhabilitation psychosociale, font de l’hôpital de jour une pièce essentielle du dispositif de la psychiatrie de secteur.
Le conflit interpersonnel : un révélateur du travail managérial ? Ficelles méthodologiques et éléments d'analyse de quelques conflits au travail
Authors: Gris Christelle , Spire Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Les conflits au travail ne sont que rarement appréhendés pour eux-mêmes par les sociologues. Ils sont pourtant de plus en plus fréquemment des occasions de sollicitations pour le sociologue praticien et concernent, au premier chef, les managers. Or, la fonction d’encadrant de proximité est souvent le point aveugle des organisations de travail : considérée comme allant de soi ou livrée aux supposées qualités de ceux qui l’incarnent, elle est en fait un « lieu » privilégié de manifestation des dysfonctionnements et des contradictions de l’organisation. À partir de trois interventions menées en entreprise, le présent article propose à la fois une méthodologie et des éléments de diagnostic pour appréhender ces situations de conflits autrement que sur le registre individuel et psychologique.
Manager sans être cadre. L’identité professionnelle comme ressource managériale
Authors: Allek Marnia
Published: May 2021

Cette contribution s’intéresse au processus de mise en œuvre d’un projet de formation pour des encadrants de proximité dans une collectivité territoriale (« responsables d’office »). Souhaitée par la direction, cette formation en management et communication a pour objectif d’apprendre aux responsables d’office à « se positionner comme des cadres » et à pratiquer le reporting . Loin de la stigmatisation du manager de proximité « incapable de », l’analyse des besoins permet au contraire de révéler des professionnels, pour qui le métier et la proximité culturelle constituent des ressources managériales dans une organisation contrainte.
Developing computer-assisted formative feedback in the light of resource theory: A case on heat concept
Authors: Suryadi Ahmad , Kusairi Sentot
Published: May 2021

Every student needs feedback to understand a scientific concept deeply. However, with a large number of students in each class, individual feedback is a challenge for teachers in Indonesia. Although there have been many studies conducted to maximize the giving of personal feedback, studies conducted by ensuring the consistency of a student's knowledge of a concept before providing feedback are rarely disclosed. This study aims to develop computer-assisted formative feedback (CAFF) based on students’ cognitive resources. Besides, this study also intends to determine student perceptions related to the use of CAFF. This current study involved two experts as advisers in the development process and 31 high school students who acted as participants in the pilot phase. CAFF could identify the students’ cognitive resources and then provided interactive feedback to students based on it. Therefore, it will be beneficial to associate students’ prior knowledge with scientific concepts. Instead of giving feedback by showing whether or not students' answers are correct, displaying the exact concept text, or providing general instructions to the right concept, CAFF presents feedback by showing students' cognitive resources then followed by the interactive explanation associated with specific cognitive resources. Students shared positive perceptions about the program. Cognitive resource diagnoses and forms of feedback in the CAFF model can be further developed on more nuanced topics.
Analysis of A Two-Axis Solar Tracker System: Case Study
Authors: García-Quilachamin Washington Xavier , Sánchez-Cano Julieta Evangelina , Herrera-Tapia Jorge , Velesaca-Zambrano Edisson Javier
Published: May 2021

The environmental pollution that arose from the 20th century has led to the search for clean and renewable energies, so this research aims to determine the efficiency of a two-axis solar tracker system, through the analysis of the data obtained. In view of the fact that it remains perpendicular to the solar rays for a longer time, which automatically moves to the point where the radiation source is. Mathematical models were considered for this study based on parameters of time, voltage, solar radiation, temperature, ultraviolet radiation, inclination angles, and cardinal points, to which the panel was directed during the test days.  The efficiency given by the solar panel was obtained as 15.34% on average among monocrystalline silicon solar panels. It was concluded with the analysis of the most relevant data that are, the voltage, the solar radiation, and the angle of inclination to determine with these three parameters if the dual-axis tracker system had an excellent capture of solar radiation in the test days, in order to make the collection and production of solar energy more efficient.
Internet of Things (IoT) Based Water Irrigation System
Authors: Hamdi Mohammed , Rehman Asif , Alghamdi Abdullah , Nizamani Muhammad Ali , Missen Malik Muhammad Saad , Memon Muhamamd Ali
Published: May 2021

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Issues concerning irrigation have been always encumbering the development of the country. Water scarcity is becoming a big issue because of climate change, insufficient services and rising population. Farmers are not receiving the supply of equitable water efficiently due to current methods of irrigation, such as inequitable water distribution, manual reporting of mogha discharge by OFWM, change of water turn at late night and no need of water at his allocated time, tail-end user problems like either too much of water supply or no availability of water as per need of farmers. One solution to this problem is a smart irrigation system in which the system uses internet of things (IoT) based sensors to monitor water levels and communicates the water situation to the user. In this research, we elaborate on the applicability of the Internet of Things (IOT) in the irrigation system and propose an architecture of IoT based water irrigation system using a wireless sensor network to solve the problems of farmers. The IoT based smart irrigation system is based on the raspberry pi to improve the productivity of water and keep costs down. Farmer is informed about fields while there is any deviance from the expected water situation by a text message.