bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’émerveillement comme levier pédagogique : Apports des scientifiques-écrivaines à l’éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Fecteau Maxime
Published: December 2024

Cet article explore le potentiel pédagogique et philosophique de textes écrits par des scientifiques-écrivaines telles que Lynn Margulis, Suzanne Simard et Robin Wall Kimmerer pour susciter l’émerveillement (awe) et l’engagement écocitoyen. En révélant l’agentivité méconnue d’êtres vivants comme les bactéries, les champignons ou les arbres, ces textes peuvent provoquer un questionnement philosophique sur notre rapport au vivant. L’émerveillement qu’ils suscitent peut nourrir une pensée attentive (caring thinking) envers le monde vivant et un désir d’agir en sa faveur. Intégrés dans une démarche d’éducation relative à l’environnement, croisant approches littéraires, philosophiques et scientifiques, ces textes offrent des ressources fécondes pour développer une écologie de l’attention et de la réciprocité. Cet article esquisse des pistes pour une éducation à l’écocitoyenneté par l’éveil de la sensibilité et de la réflexivité.
CADÊ AS LINGUAGENS QUE ESTAVAM AQUI?
Authors: Esteves Marcella Gomes , Britto Luiz Percival Leme
Published: December 2024

A BNCC dá significativa importância a “linguagem / linguagens”, chegando a compor as dez competências gerais para a Educação Básica. Na etapa da Educação Infantil, dos seis direitos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, quatro mencionam “linguagem/ns” e dos cinco campos de experiências três também o fazem. O objetivo do estudo é verificar os valores e sentidos que linguagem/ns adquirem na formulação do documento, sua constância e sua coerência teórica e metodológica. Isto é, indaga-se por que estão aí, quais suas motivações e implicações. Para tanto, identificaram-se e se analisaram as ocorrências dos termos e os sentidos que se lhes foram atribuídos, para, com isso, compreender sua aplicação na Educação Infantil. Verificou-se que não há explicitação sobre o que se entende por “linguagem/ns”; de fato, são variados os seus sentidos (instrumento, veículo, jargão, fala), e associações com produtos da cultura (dança, brincadeira), sem a devida fundamentação teórica, aparentemente como modismo de palavras que podem ser facilmente substituídas por similares. A fragilidade conceitual está inclusive no campo em que se reúnem as características relacionadas à linguagem mesma. Pode-se concluir que esta seja a razão de a presença massiva do termo na parte conceitual do documento praticamente se extinguir na parte aplicada e final.
Surface Characteristics and Corrosion Resistance of Multiple Shot Peened Ti-6Al-4V Weld
Authors: Vishwanatha A.D. , Panda Bijayani , Kumar A.V. Ramesh , Athresh Anup P.
Published: December 2024

Ti-6Al-4V, renowned for its high strength and corrosion resistance, is a preferred material in aerospace and marine applications for lightweight structures due to its durability in challenging environments. Typically, GTAW welding is used for it’s fabrication. The residual tensile stresses produced after welding are known to worsen the corrosion and mechanical properties of welds. However, these properties can be improved by introducing near surface residual compressive stress by shot peening. When compared to the traditional shot peening treatment, the surface roughness that results from multiple shot peening with varying ball sizes and intensities can be significantly reduced. In the present work, Ti-6Al-4V plates were welded using conventional GTAW technique. Six different combinations of multiple shot peening treatments were applied to the welded specimens. Surface morphology and surface roughness were analysed. Surface residual stresses measurement were performed using by X-ray stress analyzer. Domain size and microstrain were measured using X-ray diffraction technique. Micro-hardness measurements were made along the weld thickness. Corrosion studies were carried out using potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5% NaCl solution. The SP4 parameter comes out to have the best combination among all the multiple shot peened samples. It results in lowered surface roughness, higher compressive residual stress, better grain refinement, increased surface hardness, and enhanced corrosion resistance.
Electrochemical Assessment of Ammonium Benzoate as Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in 0.5M HCl Solution: Solanum Tuberosum Extract as Surfactant
Authors: Akanji Olaitan Lukman , Popoola Patricia Abimbola , Raji Sadiq
Published: December 2024

In order to increase and extend the usage of mild steel in a range of applications, critical research needs are extremely interested in corrosion studies, including corrosion inhibitor performance. The goal of this study is to look at the corrosion-inhibiting capabilities of ammonium benzoate in a 0.5 M HCl solution for mild steel, with solanum tuberosum (potato) extract serving as a surfactant. Mild steel samples were cut into corrosion coupons and submerged in 0.5 M HCl media to investigate the inhibitory effects at room temperature for various concentrations of ammonium benzoate using polarisation and weight loss techniques. A scanning electron microscopy fitted with electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the morphology of the corroded samples. The results obtained indicated that ammonium benzoate performed better when combined with solanum tuberosum (potato) extract as a surfactant that inhibits mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl by lowering the rate of corrosion. As the concentration rises, ammonium benzoate becomes more effective. From the weight loss test and polarisation analysis, a maximum inhibition efficiency of 99.94% at the 1.0 M concentration of inhibitor was achieved. It was observed that the ammonium benzoate adsorption mechanism isotherm fit with the Langmuir absorption isotherm when it was adsorbed on mild steel. Furthermore, adding solanum tuberosum (potato) extract to the inhibitor significantly reduces the rate of mild steel corrosion in HCl solution. The SEM micrographs confirm the presence of an absorbed protective film layer on the mild steel surface.
Infrared Analysis of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Containing Urea as a Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD)
Authors: Daud Suhardy , Musa Luqman , Kasim Farizul Hafiz , Salleh Mohd Nazry , Mustafa Nazahah
Published: December 2024

Due to the importance of environmentally friendly solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have gained the attention of many. They have physical properties almost similar to ionic liquids, but DES is less toxic. In this study, several DESs have been produced using urea as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). These DESs include choline chloride - urea, betaine - urea and magnesium chloride hexahydrate - urea. Infrared analysis results indicate the presence of hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and HBD, confirming the formation of DES. The absorption of these hydrogen bonds occurs in the range of 3600 - 2800 cm-1, causing the absorption bands to broaden. The DESs produced can be used in various extraction and separation processes.
Characteristics Serpentine Aceh: Morphology and Chemical Compositions Studied by SEM-EDS and XRF
Authors: Reza Alvan Ade , Mahidin Mahidin , Yunardi Yunardi , Gani Asri , Wardani Sari
Published: December 2024

Carbon dioxide is a dangerous pollutant that harms the environment and triggers global warming, which causes greenhouse gases. Serpentine is a rock rich in magnesium silicate, which can be used to reduce carbon dioxide pollutants through adsorption technology. Aceh Province has the potential for serpentine rocks, which can be processed to adsorb carbon dioxide pollutants. This research examines the characteristics of serpentine based on its morphology and chemical composition as a carbon dioxide adsorbing material. The serpentine aceh was obtained from Indrapuri Regency, Aceh Province. The thermal activation stage is as follows: serpentine aceh is collected, cleaned, reduced in size, and dried, then serpentine aceh is ground to a size of 50 mesh (297–149 µm), 100 mesh (149–94 µm) and 150 mesh (94–74 μm). The serpentine aceh was thermally activated using a furnace at 750 °C for 1.5 hours for all particle sizes. The characterization of serpentine aceh, which consists of morphological and chemical structure analysis using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and chemical composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results show that the characteristics of serpentine aceh before being activated have a lizardite and chrysotile structure with a chemical composition of SiO2 38.83% and MgO 29.95%, and after being thermally activated, serpentine aceh has an antigorite structure with a chemical composition of SiO2 45.42% and MgO 36.83% at 150 mesh. This research contributes to utilizing one of Aceh's natural mineral resources, serpentine rock, as an alternative CCS material to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Optimization of Tensile Strength in PVA Fiber Reinforced Toughness-Concrete for Reinforcement Applications
Authors: Shi Bo Yuan , Xiong Ming Fei
Published: December 2024

PVA fiber reinforced toughness-concrete is widely used in masonry structure reinforcement due to its cost-effectiveness and excellent toughening effects. The tensile strength of the material significantly impacts the shear capacity of the masonry. This study systematically investigates the effects of fiber length and dosage on the uniaxial tensile behavior of PVA fiber reinforced toughness-concrete through finite element simulation and axial tensile tests. Additionally, the specific influence of fiber inclusion on the material’s tensile strength was analyzed through experiments and fitting calculations. The results indicate that optimizing the length and dosage of fibers can significantly enhance the tensile performance of the toughness-concrete. Consequently, this research has optimized the mix proportion of the toughness-concrete, thus balancing reinforcement effectiveness with material cost optimization. These achievements not only enhance the structural safety and durability of the reinforced masonry but also have significant practical implications for improving the shear carrying capacity of masonry structures.
Investigation of Cavity Fabrication Methods for Integrated Horn Antenna Structures in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Substrates
Authors: Kleinholz Cathleen , Muller Bjorn , Fischer Michael , Dreissigacker Marc , Nallaweg Oliver , Tschoban Christian , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Schneider-Ramelow Martin , Muller Jens
Published: December 2024

This article investigates various fabrication methods

for integrated horn antenna structures in a ceramic multilayer

substrate and presents a fundamental investigation for a following

silicon-ceramic-based space sensing sensor. Precise alignment of

the individual tape layers, via placement and implementation of

the cavity design is crucial for this application. Due to processrelated

circumstances, cavity deformations and other undesirable

defects affect the ceramic horn antenna structure. Different realization

methods for cavities are investigated, e.g., fabrication in

the green state of the ceramic and after the sintering process. The

cavities are evaluated using x-ray examination, cross section, and

scanning electron microscopy. By inserting carbon inlays into the

cavities before the sintering process, the quality of the desired

geometry is significantly increased. Furthermore, parameters

for cavity fabrication after sintering using cold laser ablation

were investigated and the feasibility of inclined sidewalls was

demonstrated.
Comparing the safety and efficacy of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia versus volatile agent-based anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Park Ji-In , Na Hyo-Seok , Lee Keum-O , Ryu Jung-Hee , Shin Hyun-Jung
Published: December 2024

Background: Remimazolam is a novel short-acting benzodiazepine that has recently been used for general anesthesia. This study compared the safety and efficacy of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile agent-based anesthesia in adults undergoing general anesthesia.Methods: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus for relevant studies. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced hypotension during surgery. Secondary outcomes included incidence of bradycardia, extubation time, duration in the post-anesthesia care unit hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV). We estimated the relative risk (RR) and mean difference with 95% CIs using a random-effects model.Results: A total of 969 patients from 12 randomized controlled trials were included. The incidence of hypotension was 14% and 34% in the remimazolam and volatile agent groups, respectively. Remimazolam significantly lowered the incidence of hypotension (RR: 0.43, 95% CI [0.29–0.63], P = 0.0000, I2 = 26%). The remimazolam group had a PONV incidence of 13%, compared to 28% in the volatile agent group, indicating a significant difference (RR: 0.51, 95% CI [0.37–0.72], P = 0.0001, I2 = 15%). No significant differences were observed in the other outcomes.Conclusions: Remimazolam-based TIVA demonstrated favorable hemodynamic effects, with a lower incidence of hypotension and similar bradycardia rates, compared to volatile agent-based anesthesia. Furthermore, the reduction in PONV supports the use of remimazolam-based TIVA as a valuable method for general anesthesia.
Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygenation and standard low-flow nasal oxygenation during rigid bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Lee Chang Young , Lee Kyuho , Kim Namo , Lee Seungyeon , Oh Young Jun
Published: December 2024

Background: The efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) in improving oxygenation is influenced by several factors, and its effectiveness is not always guaranteed. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of HFNO and standard low-flow nasal oxygenation during rigid bronchoscopy in the apneic patients.Methods: All patients were administered general anesthesia with full muscle relaxation and were randomly assigned to receive either HFNO (HFNO group) or standard low-flow oxygenation (Standard group). The study endpoints included the lowest peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), hypoxemia-related surgical interruptions (SpO2 ≤ 94%), and changes in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during the apnea period for rigid bronchoscopy.Results: A total of 53 patients completed the study. No significant differences were found between the HFNO and the Standard groups in the lowest SpO2 levels (median [Q1, Q3]; 99 [98, 100]% vs. 98 [94, 100]%, P = 0.059) and in the increase rate of PaCO2 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 1.6 ± 0.7 mmHg/min vs. 2.0 ± 0.8 mmHg/min, P = 0.064). However, the HFNO group had fewer patients with hypoxemia-related surgical interruptions than the Standard group (1 [3.8%] vs. 8 [29.6%], P = 0.024) and exhibited an attenuated decline rate in PaO2 (median [Q1, Q3]: 4.6 [0.0, 7.9] mmHg/min vs. 10.5 [6.4, 12.9] mmHg/min, P = 0.005).Conclusions: While HFNO did not enhance the lowest SpO2 levels in comparison with standard low-flow oxygenation, it did reduce hypoxemia-related surgical interruptions with an attenuated decline in PaO2. Therefore, HFNO has considerable clinical efficacy for rigid bronchoscopy.
A Study on the Clinico-serological Features of Nail Psoriasis
Authors: Ratnika  , Adil Mohammad , Amin Syed Suhail
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Nail psoriasis is a relatively unexplored clinical feature in the Indian population. Its correlation with cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and serological manifestations was analyzed.

Material and Methods:

This study included 45 patients with clinically evident nail psoriasis. Clinical characteristics, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Nail Psoriasis Quality of Life Index 10 (NPQ10) scores and serological markers, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Rheumatoid Arthritis factor (RA factor) were documented, calculated, and assessed to study their correlation.

Results:

Mean age was 35.36 ± 13.26 years. Mean NAPSI and NPQ10 were 41.96 ± 29.38 and 5.44 ± 5.31, respectively. Common nail findings were onycholysis (80%), subungual hyperkeratosis (75.5%), and pitting (62.2%). Joint involvement was seen in 31.11% of patients. Positive associations of NAPSI with duration of illness (P < 0.001, β = 0.57) and PASI scores (P < 0.001, β = 0.56) were observed. NPQ10 demonstrated associations with NAPSI (P < 0.001, β = 0.83) and PASI (P = 0.001, β = 0.83). Elevated ESR and CRP levels were associated with higher NAPSI scores (P < 0.001, β = 0.55, and P = 0.003, β = 0.43, respectively). Furthermore, duration of illness, NAPSI, and NPQ10 scores were positively correlated with joint involvement (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

A strong correlation between nail psoriasis severity, disease duration, skin involvement, and nail-specific quality of life was observed. Furthermore, severe nail psoriasis was linked to a higher likelihood of joint involvement and elevated serological markers. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated treatment strategies for affected patients.
Unusual Manifestation of Vitamin K Deficiency, Nodular Purpura: A Case Series
Authors: Ballal Sumedha , Prathibha J. P , Pinto Althea V. , Srinivasa Sanjanaa , Augustine Mary
Published: December 2024

Vitamin K deficiency is a common entity in infancy characterized by bleeding from various sites, intracranial bleeding being the most commonly reported feature. Nodular purpura is an uncommon manifestation of vitamin K deficiency in infancy with a few reported cases in literature. We present four cases of infants presenting with nodular purpura as a manifestation of late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). All four children presented with asymptomatic bluish–gray nodules, along with symptoms of hepatic dysfunction. Coagulation profile was deranged in all four children and symptoms improved with the administration of parenteral Vitamin K. The case series details the clinical course, treatment response, and follow-up for each patient. To conclude, nodular purpura can be a rare presentation of late-onset VKDB. “Warning bleeds” of VKDB are known to precede dangerous intracranial bleeds. Late-onset VKDB cannot be prevented by routine neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis and requires repeated vitamin K treatments. The case series is an attempt to highlight the unusual manifestation of a bleeding disorder that can be easily prevented by early intervention.
Comparative evaluation of fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin as a marker of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Naik Sahana R , Roopa A. N. , Girish K. S. , Nagaraju Mohan C. , Tiwari Supriya
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Management of type 2 diabetes is based on achieving the glycaemic control goal with the help of drugs or insulin. There are many markers used to measure glycaemic control, such as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), random blood sugar and fructosamine levels. Although HbA1c is a good method for measuring glycaemic control, it has some limitations. Fructosamine is a less studied method that can be used as another marker to measure glycaemic control when HbA1c is questionable or absent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of fructosamine as an alternate marker for glycaemic control by comparing fructosamine levels with HbA1c in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study involving 77 patients with type 2 diabetes from the central laboratory of Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Shivajinagar, Bangalore. Data collected includes age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, fructosamine, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels. Glycaemic control level is measured by HbA1c, fructosamine and FBS.

Results:

Analysis of glycaemic control in 77 patients with type 2 diabetes showed a positive association between fructosamine and HbA1c levels (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Fructosamine levels are significantly associated with HbA1c levels, so fructosamine can be used as a biomarker to assess glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially when HbA1c is significantly erroneous or absent.
An insight into immunohistochemical expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) in uterine leiomyoma and its clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Adekunle Adebayo Ayoade , Rasheed Mumini Wemimo , Idowu Najeem Adedamola , Odujoko Oluwole O. , Sabageh Donatus , Afolayan Enoch Abiodun
Published: December 2024

Context:

Uterine leiomyomas are mesenchymal tumours composed of smooth muscle cells. They are associated with significant morbidity in women of reproductive age group. Anti-apoptotic genes such as B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 may participate in the differentiation, growth and maintenance of leiomyomas.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between the expression of BCL-2 antigens in uterine leiomyomas and its correlation with its clinical features.

Settings and Design:

This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional retrospective study of histologically diagnosed leiomyoma in a teaching hospital between January 2012 and December 2016.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 151 cases of uterine leiomyomas were semi-quantitatively analysed immunohistochemically for BCL-2. Variables such as age and common symptoms of leiomyomas were extracted from patients’ records.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained were analysed using both Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23.0 (SPSS version 23.0).

Results:

There are 151 cases of uterine leiomyomas; 81 (53.6%) were immunostained positively for BCL-2, while the remaining 70 (46.4%) cases were immunostained negatively. There was a statistically significant association between the age of the patient and immunohistochemical expression for BCL-2 with P < 0.05.

Conclusions:

This study shows that BCL-2 antigens may contribute to the growth of uterine leiomyoma. It is clinical relevance, and prognostic value requires further comprehensive study with adequate follow-up and validation.
‘Not Just for Mavericks’: Entrustable professional activities for traditionalists, trailblazers and everyone in between
Authors: Kini Reshma G. , Jeyachristy Sam Annie , Tejaswi H. L. , Prasad H. L. Kishan , Marla Nisha J.
Published: December 2024

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are advancing medical education across the globe, with growing interest in India. Hands on training has always been the cornerstone for postgraduate (PG) training in India. While competency-based education practices are embedded in our system, the specific framework and its terminologies are less widely recognized. For those new to these concepts, competency-based medical education is an educational approach focussed on achieving competencies (abilities) during medical training. Entrustable Professional activities are structured tasks within this framework, representing units of professional work that learners are entrusted to perform once they have demonstrated sufficient competence. Introduction to EPAs can formalise the existing approach to post-graduate education, by defining clear expectations that focus on outcome-based progression, that benefits all stakeholders. This article, titled ‘Not Just for Mavericks’, aims to introduce EPAs, to teachers within the pathology post-graduate programme in India, while offering international readers insight into India’s unique context and the transformative role EPAs could play in streamlining medical training. The article aims to answer the queries on EPAs from the perspectives of medical educators, teachers, the learners, administrators and the policymakers with an intent to explore the application of this concept in their own contexts. Furthermore, it introduces the concept of EPAs as a practical tool for implementing the National Medical Commission’s guidelines on competency-based post-graduate education in pathology. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed, Google Scholar and cross-referencing, with selected data synthesised to support the review’s objectives.
Phlethysmographic Continuous Detection of Variation of Systemic Blood Pressure during Spinal Anaesthesia in Caesarean Section: A Prospective Observational, Single-centre Study
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Khuba Sandeep , Shamim Rafat , Mishra Prabhakar , Banerjee Aritra , Khati Sikha , Gupta Nupur , Chaudhary Kanika
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Hypotension, a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia, is observed due to a negative influence on sympathetic tone. This study aimed to examine whether perfusion index (PI) and relative dicrotic notch height (Dicrpleth), two parameters derived from photoplethysmographic signal (pulse oximeter signal) in parturients correlated with the degree of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologist Grade-1, 2 pregnant patients undergoing elective and emergency caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia. SpO2 was monitored and PI and Dicrpleth were derived from SpO2 graph, both of them are displayed in the monitor and calculated by in-build software (Mindray, BeneView). Statistical analysis was done to test the association between systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with PI and Dicrpleth at immediate post-subarachnoid block.

Results:

PI has no correlation with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.058, P = 0.69), weak negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = −0.313, P = 0.027) as well as MAP (r = −0.262, P = 0.067). Similarly, Dicrpleth presented an almost negligible correlation with SBP (r = −0.049, P = 0.736), weak negative correlation with DBP (r = −0.220, P = 0.126) and MAP (r = −0.280, P = 0.049). Weak negative correlations were present between the combination of PI + Dicrpleth and DBP, combination of PI + Dicrpleth and MAP. PI and Dicrpleth were also weak negatively correlated to each other (r = −0.244, P = 0.088). Correlation between PI with DBP and Dicrpleth with MAP, which were negatively correlated, was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Dicrpleth and PI, both measured from a standard pulse oximetry signal, could be used to detect haemodynamic changes in beat-to-beat manner and guide us to take necessary steps throughout the surgery.
A Rare Case of Giant Vein of Galen Malformation in an Adolescent Presenting with Hydrocephalus and Visual Impairment
Authors: Thanvi Sharad , Bulchandani Hitesh P. , Raj Aman , Sinsinwar Lakhami Chand , Rai Rahul
Published: December 2024

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations also known as vein of Galen malformations (VoGMs) are rare vascular malformations occurring commonly in the paediatric age group. They comprise only 1% of all intracranial vascular malformations, but in paediatric population, they represent 30% of all intracranial vascular malformations. They are of two types – mural and choroidal. The choroidal type of VoGM is more primitive and the most severe form of the disease. It usually causes high cardiac output failure in newborn period because of multiple high-flow fistulas. Adult presentation of choroidal type VoGM is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far. VoGMs result from persistent shunting of primitive choroidal vessels into the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski, and its presentation in an adolescent and adult is even rarer. VoGMs are associated with poor clinical outcomes with a reported 76.7% mortality if left untreated. We present an exceedingly rare case of a giant, untreated choroidal type of VoGM measuring 29 mm × 33 mm × 26 mm in a 16-year-old adolescent presenting with poor Glasgow Coma Scale, hydrocephalus and visual impairment. A total of 149 cases were identified from 1982 to 2020, and only 26 of them were described in adults and were published in English. The embryological origin, classification, clinical manifestations and different treatment options and treatment of choice of VoGMs are discussed in this report with a review of pertinent literature.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impression Systems and CAD and CAM Workflows for Fabricating Dental Prostheses
Authors: Gajbhiye Ojas Anand , Reddy M. Pradeep , Imran Md. , Narayanan Nikhita , Gangadharappa Praveen , Dewan Harisha
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental prosthesis manufacturing has undergone a radical change with the introduction of intraoral digital impression technologies and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD and CAM) processes. Investigations into these systems’ accuracy in creating dental restorations that adhere to clinical standards are still underway.

Materials and Methods:

For this investigation, a total of 60 patients in need of single-unit crowns were chosen. They were divided into three groups of 20: Group A used intraoral digital impression systems, Group B used conventional impression procedures, and Group C combined digital impressions with CAD and CAM processes. The marginal fit and internal fit of the crowns were compared to assess the correctness of the dental prosthesis. A stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the marginal fit, and micro-CT imaging was employed to analyze the interior fit. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to examine the data, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean marginal fit was 120 ± 15 μm for Group A, 80 ± 10 μm for Group B, and 75 ± 8 μm for Group C, according to the data. The internal fit values were 150 ± 20 μm for Group A, 90 ± 12 μm for Group B, and 85 ± 10 μm for Group C. According to statistical analysis, Group B and Group C outperformed Group A in terms of accuracy in both internal and marginal fits (P < 0.01). There was no discernible difference between Group B and Group C.

Conclusion:

When constructing dental prostheses, intraoral digital impression technologies and CAD and CAM workflows show better accuracy over conventional impression techniques. The greatest clinical results are obtained when digital impressions and CAD and CAM workflows are combined, indicating that these technologies need to be accepted as routine procedures in prosthetic dentistry.
Exploring the Interplay of Smoking Behavior, Heart Rate Variability, Pulmonary Function Test Results, Diabetes, and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kumar Bipin , Mathur Tanuj , Annepu Yoshita R. , Annepu Krishna K. , Chaitanya Perugu D. K.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

This systematic review aimed to collate and analyze findings from various studies that explored the associations between heart rate variability (HRV), smoking behavior, pulmonary function, diabetes, and mood disorders. A comprehensive database search strategy was employed, utilizing medical subject headings terms combined with Boolean operators across seven databases. The review found that conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes exacerbate cardiac autonomic dysfunction, thereby aggravating cardiovascular risks. HRV emerged as a potential early indicator of cardiac morbidity in smokers, with immediate disruptions noted following acute smoking episodes. Furthermore, both pulmonary and cardiac autonomic functions were influenced by the autonomic control of cardiovascular function, independent of smoking status. The findings underscore the importance of HRV as a multifaceted indicator that reflects the health impacts of lifestyle choices, metabolic conditions, and mental health states.
Injury-induced KIF4A neural expression and its role in Schwann cell proliferation suggest a dual function for this kinesin in neural regeneration
Authors: Correia Patrícia D. , de Sousa Bárbara M. , Chato-Astrain Jesús , de Faria Joana Paes , Estrada Veronica , Relvas João B. , Müller Hans W. , Carriel Víctor , Bosse Frank , Vieira Sandra I.
Published: December 2024

Contrary to the adult central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability to regenerate that relies on the expression of regeneration-associated genes, such as some kinesin family members. Kinesins contribute to nerve regeneration through the transport of specific cargo, such as proteins and membrane components, from the cell body towards the axon periphery. We show here that KIF4A, associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and previously believed to be only expressed during development, is also expressed in the adult vertebrate nervous system and up-regulated in injured peripheral nervous system cells. KIF4A is detected both in the cell bodies and regrowing axons of injured neurons, consistent with its function as an axonal transporter of cargoes such as β1-integrin and L1CAM. Our study further demonstrates that KIF4A levels are greatly increased in Schwann cells from injured distal nerve stumps, particularly at a time when they are reprogrammed into an essential proliferative repair phenotype. Moreover, Kif4a mRNA levels were approximately ~6-fold higher in proliferative cultured Schwann cells compared with non-proliferative ones. A hypothesized function for Kif4a in Schwann cell proliferation was further confirmed by Kif4a knockdown, as this significantly reduced Schwann cell proliferation in vitro. Our findings show that KIF4A is expressed in adult vertebrate nervous systems and is up-regulated following peripheral injury. The timing of KIF4A up-regulation, its location during regeneration, and its proliferative role, all suggest a dual role for this protein in neuroregeneration that is worth exploring in the future.
Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors in aerobic exercise–induced improvement of memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: He Xiaoqian , Lai Ziying , Wang Xueyan , Li Jingjing , Duan Guangbing , Wang Junwen , Qin Zhao , Xu Shuchang , Huang Ying
Published: December 2024

Aerobic exercise facilitates synaptic plasticity, thereby improving cognitive functions such as learning and memory. The 5-hydroxytryptamine system has been indicated in these processes. 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors are necessary for exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Some antipsychotic drugs with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonistic properties may impede the amelioration of cognitive impairment and hippocampal plasticity induced by exercise. However, the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of synaptic plasticity by aerobic exercise have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors played an important role in aerobic exercise–mediated improvement of hippocampal-dependent spatial and exploratory memory in mice. While 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors did not affect baseline neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors were required for aerobic exercise–induced neurogenesis and astrocyte proliferation in this region. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors were crucial for maintaining long-term potentiation in the CA1, dentate gyrus, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The long-term potentiation changes induced by aerobic exercise in sub-regions of the hippocampus were heterogeneous: 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors were essential for aerobic exercise to enhance long-term potentiation in the CA3, but not the CA1 or dentate gyrus, regions of the hippocampus. Furthermore, aerobic exercise up-regulated 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor expression and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor release in the hippocampus in a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor-dependent manner. These results suggest that aerobic exercise increases hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis and astrocyte proliferation via the up-regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors, leading to more brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and release from these cells, which results in long-term potentiation facilitation in the hippocampal CA3 region and help improve memory. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which physical activity enhances memory and may have implications for improving memory through modulating 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor.
Exosomes in stroke management: a promising paradigm shift in stroke therapy
Authors: Wang Bo , Chen Pinzhen , Li Wenyan , Chen Zhi
Published: December 2024

Effective treatment methods for stroke, a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate, are still being sought. Exosome therapy, a form of acellular therapy, has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models; however, there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke. This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment. It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation. At present, many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway. Regarding preclinical research, exosomes, as bioactive substances with diverse sources, currently favor stem cells as their origin. Due to their high plasticity, exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical, chemical, and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy. In animal models of stroke, exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses, alleviate oxidative stress damage, and inhibit programmed cell death. Additionally, exosomes can promote angiogenesis, repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles, and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells, aiding the repair process. We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes, specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular–meningeal lymphatic system. The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.
Hippocampal damage through foreign body placement in organotypic cultures leads to plastic responses in newly born granule cells
Authors: Jungenitz Tassilo , Frey Lukas , Kirscht Sophia , Schwarzacher Stephan W. , Zepeda Angélica
Published: December 2024

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage. The latter involves global alterations, making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult. One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone, and beyond neurogenesis, newly born granule cells may maintain a “young” phenotype throughout life, adding to the plastic nature of the structure. Here, we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells. A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes, along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin. Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement, the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body, whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus. Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus, the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed, indicating the transient activation of young cells. However, 7 days after foreign body placement, the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions. As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells, this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement. Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein–labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement. This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity, specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.
Microglial polarization pathways and therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Shi Liping , Liu Shuyi , Chen Jialing , Wang Hong , Wang Zhengbo
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury, which involves a complex multicellular cascade. Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury. In this article, we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury. We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia. We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia, such as the Toll-like receptor 4 / nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, Notch, and high mobility group box 1 pathways, can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways, such as drug and cell replacement therapies. Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors, such as rosuvastatin, have been shown to promote the polarization of anti-inflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury. Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties, and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury. Additionally, advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods–such as combinations of novel biomaterials, genetic engineering, and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy–have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models. However, numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed. In the future, new technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis, can facilitate further experimental studies. Moreover, research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.
Torsion points and concurrent exceptional curves on del Pezzo surfaces of degree one
Authors: Desjardins Julie , Winter Rosa
Published: December 2024

The blow-up of the anticanonical base point on a del Pezzo surface S of degree 1 gives rise to a rational elliptic surface

$\mathscr {E}$

with only irreducible fibers. The sections of minimal height of

$\mathscr {E}$

are in correspondence with the

$240$

exceptional curves on S. A natural question arises when studying the configuration of these curves: if a point on S is contained in “many” exceptional curves, is it torsion on its fiber on

$\mathscr {E}$

? In 2005, Kuwata proved for the analogous question on del Pezzo surfaces of degree

$2$

, where there are 56 exceptional curves, that if “many” equals

$4$

or more, the answer is yes. In this paper, we prove that for del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1, the answer is yes if ‘many’ equals

$9$

or more. Moreover, we give counterexamples where a non-torsion point lies in the intersection of

$7$

exceptional curves. We give partial results for the still open case of 8 intersecting exceptional curves.
Groups of type $FP$ via graphical small cancellation
Authors: Brown Thomas M. , Leary Ian J.
Published: December 2024

We construct an uncountable family of groups of type

FP

. In contrast to every previous construction of non-finitely presented groups of type

FP

, we do not use Morse theory on cubical complexes; instead, we use Gromov’s graphical small cancellation theory.
Bibliometrics of trends in global research on the roles of stem cells in myocardial fibrosis therapy
Authors: Ding Jing-Yi , Meng Tian-Tian , Du Ruo-Lin , Song Xin-Bin , Li Yi-Xiang , Gao Jing , Ji Ran , He Qing-Yong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Myocardial fibrosis, a condition linked to several cardiovascular diseases, is associated with a poor prognosis. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option and the application of stem cell therapy has been studied extensively. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of these studies has yet to be conducted.

AIM

To map thematic trends, analyze research hotspots, and project future directions of stem cell-based myocardial fibrosis therapy.

METHODS

We conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of studies in the Web of Science Core Collection using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. The dataset included 1510 articles published between 2001 and 2024. Countries, organizations, authors, references, keywords, and co-citation networks were examined to identify evolving research trends.

RESULTS

Our findings revealed a steady increase in the number of publications, with a projected increase to over 200 publications annually by 2030. Initial research focused on stem cell-based therapy, particularly for myocardial infarction and heart failure. More recently, there has been a shift toward cell-free therapy, involving extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and microRNAs. Key research topics include angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION

This analysis highlights the evolution of stem cell therapies for myocardial fibrosis, with emerging interest in cell-free approaches. These results are expected to guide future scientific exploration and decision-making.
Biochemical markers of acute kidney injury and hepatic function in gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparative study
Authors: Atere Adedeji David , Komalafe Oluwaferanmi Elizabeth , Joseph Gregory Uchechukwu , Kosamat Yekeen Adebisi , Adetayo Opemipo Oluwafisayomi
Published: December 2024

One-third of diabetics develop renal and liver disease, which costs global health systems money and resources. The study examines hepatic indices, duration, and glucose levels and assesses neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a sensitive marker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in gestational diabetes. This study recruited 30 non-gestational pregnant hospital ante-natal clinic patients and 30 non-diabetic controls without pregnancy. Standard techniques were used to collect and analyze fasting blood sugar, renal, and hepatic biomarkers. Significant findings were determined by conducting statistical analysis with P <0.05. Gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnant women without gestational diabetes (PNGDM) showed significantly higher levels (p<0.05) of NGAL, urea, and creatinine compared to non-pregnant women without diabetes (NPNDM). Compared to women without pregnancy or diabetes (NPNDM), there was a significant difference in mean values of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutaryl glutaminase transferase (GGT) among gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and PNGDM (p<0.05). NGAL had a higher AUROC of 0.684 compared to urea and creatinine. This study shows the significance of plasma NGAL levels as a biomarker for AKI in gestational diabetes. Furthermore, the findings of this study reveal that derangements in hepatic parameters are extensively co-existent in GDM.