bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines: Effect of reduced 6-thioguanine nucleotide target levels in IBD patients
Authors: Boekema Monique , Horjus Carmen , Roosenboom Britt , Roovers Lian , Luin Matthijs van
Published: December 2021

Aim: The effect of the Dutch nationwide adjustment of reduced 6-TGN
target values (from 600-1200 pmol/8x108 RBC to 320-630 pmol/8x108 RBC)
on toxicity and clinical outcome of thiopurine treatment in patients
with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been established.
Therefore the authors determined the incidence of toxicity-induced
discontinuations and efficacy at both target concentrations. Methods:
This retrospective study was performed in IBD patients treated with
azathioprine or mercaptopurine. Two groups were defined: the former
target (FT) group with target concentrations of 600-1200 pmol/8x10^8
RBC and the adjusted target (AT) group with target concentrations of
320-630 pmol/8x10^8 RBC. Patients were followed for maximum 52 weeks
or until discontinuation of thiopurine therapy. Data were collected from
the local hospital electronic health software of Rijnstate Hospital.
Results: 151 patients were included, 76 in the FT group and 75 in the AT
group. At week 52, 100 out of 150 patients (66%) of the total
population discontinued thiopurine therapy. Forty-eight of this
discontinuations were due toxicity (48%). The estimated cumulative
incidence of toxicity was higher in the FT group compared to the AT
group (47% and 35% respectively, p=0.25). No loss of efficacy was seen
in the AT group. Conclusion: Reduction of the target range may lead to
less toxicity induced discontinuations. In addition, this study did not
find any indication that the reduction of the target range diminished
efficacy.
A theoretical modeling framework for motile and colonial harmful algae
Authors: Taylor Jackie , Calderer M. Carme , Hondzo Miki , Voller Vaughan
Published: December 2021

1. Harmful algal blooms are increasing in both severity and frequency
across the globe. Many bloom-forming species are capable of vertical
motility and colony formation. The cyanobacterium Microcystis
aeruginosa is a common example of such a species, yet current models
poorly predict vertical distributions of M. aeruginosa. 2. To
couple the hydrodynamics, buoyancy, and the colony dynamics of
Microcystis, we present a system of one-dimensional
advection-diffusion-aggregation equations with Smoluchowski aggregation
terms. 3. Results indicate Smoluchowski aggregation accurately describes
the colony dynamics of M. aeruginosa. Further, transport dynamics
are strongly dependent on colony size, and aggregation processes are
highly sensitive to algal concentration and wind-induced mixing. Both of
these findings have direct consequences to harmful algal bloom
formation. 4. While the theoretical framework outlined in this
manuscript was derived for M. aeruginosa, both motility and
colony formation are common among bloom-forming algae. As such, this
coupling of vertical transport and colony dynamics is a useful step for
improving forecasts of surface harmful algal blooms.
Structural Defects in Graphene Quantum Dots: A Review
Authors: Rabeya Ramisha , Mahalingam Savisha , Manap Abreeza BTE ABD. , Satgunam Meenaloshini , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Hua Chia
Published: December 2021

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are known for their low toxicity, strong
fluorescence, high surface area, large solubility and tunable band gaps.
However, the change in their properties depends on the preparation
processes of GQDs. Thus, certain types of preparation lead to certain
defects, such as surface defect, edge defects, Stone-Wales defect. These
structural defects are responsible for hindering GQDs to possess their
regular shape that affects the morphological properties of GQDs. Thus,
the optical and electrical properties get affected. The GQDs, which are
synthesized via acidic methods are generally more vulnerable to defects
compared to those synthesized using eco-friendly methods. Thereby, the
aim of this review is to discuss the causes of structural defects.
Moreover, it focuses on how they affect the properties of GQDs and to
what extent they affect them. The processes of regulating defects have
been elucidated so that more efficient applications can be designed
using GQDs with controlled amounts of defects.
Measuring habitat quality for waterbirds: a review
Authors: Mott Rowan , Prowse Thomas , Jackson Micha , Rogers Daniel , O'Connor Jody , Brookes Justin , Cassey Phillip
Published: December 2021

Quantifying habitat quality is dependent on measuring a site’s relative
contribution to population growth rate. This is challenging for studies
of waterbirds, whose high mobility can decouple demographic rates from
local habitat conditions and make sustained monitoring of individuals
near-impossible. To overcome these challenges, biologists have used many
direct and indirect proxies of waterbird habitat quality. However,
consensus on what methods are most appropriate for a given scenario is
lacking. We undertook a structured literature review of the methods used
to quantify waterbird habitat quality, and provide a synthesis of the
context-dependent strengths and limitations of those methods. Our
structured search of the Web of Science database returned a sample of
398 studies, upon which our review was based. The reviewed studies
assessed habitat quality by either measuring habitat attributes (e.g.,
food abundance, water quality, vegetation structure), or measuring
attributes of the waterbirds themselves (e.g., demographic parameters,
body condition, behaviour, distribution). Measuring habitat attributes,
although they are only indirectly related to demographic rates, has the
advantage of being unaffected by waterbird behavioural stochasticity.
Conversely, waterbird-derived measures (e.g., body condition, peck
rates) may be more directly related to demographic rates than habitat
variables, but may be subject to greater stochastic variation (e.g.,
behavioural change due to presence of conspecifics). Therefore, caution
is needed to ensure that the measured variable does influence waterbird
demographic rates. This assumption was usually based on ecological
theory rather than empirical evidence. Our review highlighted that there
is no single best, universally applicable method to quantify waterbird
habitat quality. Individual project specifics (e.g., time frame, spatial
scale, funding) will influence the choice of variables measured. Where
possible, practitioners should measure variables most directly related
to demographic rates. Generally, measuring multiple variables yields a
better chance of accurately capturing the relationship between habitat
characteristics and demographic rates.
The Spatial Ecology of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in southeastern Louisiana
Authors: Borgardt Timothy , Crother Brian , Hill Kaleb
Published: December 2021

The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) has a large distribution
spanning much of the eastern United States. Because temperature, habitat
type, prey composition and abundance, and a variety of other factors may
dictate reptile behavior, populations of conspecific species may exhibit
behavioral differences across latitudinal and elevational gradients.
Using radio telemetry, we tracked 10 adult Timber Rattlesnakes (7 males,
3 females) from May 2016 to June 2017 in southeastern Louisiana to
examine the spatial ecology of male and non-gravid female snakes. Mean
annual and seasonal home ranges of non-gravid female Timber Rattlesnakes
were not statistically different from that of males. Mean seasonal home
range sizes and average distances travelled of both sexes was smallest
in winter, and had a general increasing trend beginning in spring with a
peak in fall. These increases seemed to coincide with the breeding
season, taking place from early July until the end of November.
Comparison of this study with other studies throughout its distribution
could have implications towards future management of conservation for
other southern populations of Timber Rattlesnakes.
IUD perforation and embedment within omentum: a rare and perplexing incidence
Authors: tarafdari azam , malek mahrooz , falahy elaheh pahlavan , hadizadeh Alireza
Published: December 2021

intrauterine rarely fail which results in pregnancy. Meanwhile, these
devices can perforate uterine and migrate through abdomen. Our case
experienced IUD failure and perforation simultaneously and the device
was embedded in omentum and shifted rapidly which made it hard to
localize and could only be removed using ultrasonography guidance
Educação Comparada: apontamentos sob a ótica de estudantes da pós-graduação em educação
Authors: Martins Chelsea Maria de Campos , Amaral Gabriel Pereira do , Santos Rosimeire dos
Published: December 2021

Nesse estudo apresenta-se uma análise da Educação Comparada a partir do material básico apresentado na disciplina “Introdução aos Estudos de Educação Comparada e Internacional” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da UNESP, campus de Marília/SP, voltado principalmente para a investigação e os procedimentos metodológicos. Em seguida apresenta-se uma síntese das pesquisas selecionadas sobre a temática expostas pelos estudantes da pós-graduação. Por meio da análise de conteúdo o estudo revelou que a Educação Comparada, como viés de pesquisa interdisciplinar, requer esquemas que estejam amparados em estudos que contemplem aspectos sociais, políticos e culturais, passando pela crítica reflexiva, pela compreensão das especificidades da educação, bem como pelas tendências, influências internas e externas, e os desafios da Educação Comparada na conjectura educacional do Brasil e do mundo. A análise permite inferir que os estudos voltados para essa metodologia não buscam tão somente encontrar semelhanças ou diferenças, mas promover discussões aprofundadas acerca do papel da Educação Comparada para o desenvolvimento educacional e sua influência na história da educação, permeando desafios, possibilidades e contribuições.
Strong complementary approximate Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Maurya Jitendra , Mishra Shashi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we establish strong complementary approximate Karush- Kuhn-Tucker (SCAKKT) sequential optimality conditions for multiobjective optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints without any constraint qualifications and introduce a weak constraint qualification which assures the equivalence between SCAKKT and the strong Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (J Optim Theory Appl 80 (3): 483-500, 1994) conditions for multiobjective optimization problems.
Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Ketosis Due to Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Akturk Halis Kaan , Snell-Bergeon Janet , Kinney Gregory L , Champakanath Anagha , Monte Andrew , Shah Viral N.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To differentiate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
from hyperglycemic ketosis due to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (HK-CHS) in
adults with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods

Of 295 adults with type 1 diabetes who were seen
with DKA related ICD-10 codes, 68 patients with 172 DKA events
meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Cannabis use was
defined as positive urine test for cannabis. Linear mixed models were used to
define HK-CHS (pH ≥7.4 with bicarbonate ≥ 15) and sensitivity and
specificity were calculated using receiver operating
characteristic (ROC).

Results

Cannabis users had significantly higher pH (7.42
± 0.01 vs 7.09 ± 0.02) and bicarbonate (19.2 ± 0.61
vs 9.1 ± 0.71) (p<0.0001) compared to non-users. The
area under the ROC for positive cannabis urine test predicting HK-CHS was
0.9892.

Conclusions

In patients who present with DKA and higher pH, especially pH ≥
7.4, cannabis use should be considered in differential diagnosis.
Chemical Analysis on Two Traditional Decoctions for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: HGSP Hewageegana
Published: December 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease involves major changes in both physical and psychosocial dimension of each patient. DM is two types; type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 2 DM is more common in the world. In the present study, an attempt was taken to evaluate (a) phytochemicals and (b) antioxidant potential of two traditional decoctions which are given to DM patients in Sri Lanka. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures and Thin Layer Chromatography fingerprint was developed using dichloromethane: ethyl acetate in a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) as the mobile phase. Results revealed that phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids are present in two traditional decoctions. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in traditional decoction 2 (total phenols: 236.0 ± 1.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract; total flavonoids: 53.8 ± 0.8 mg quercetin/g of extract respectively) was higher than that of traditional decoction 1(total phenols: 176.5 ± 2.1 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract; total flavonoids: 41.2 ± 1.2 mg quercetin/g of extract respectively). In addition, IC50 value is lesser (6.40 ± 0.60 µ g/ml) in traditional decoction 2 for DPPH assay, compared to that of traditional decoction 1(10.52 ± 0.35 µ g/ml). In conclusion, In vitro studies suggest that traditional decoction 2 is better than that of traditional decoction 1 in terms of antioxidant activity. Further, this can be confirmed by conducting a clinical trial in between two decoctions.
Research and Development of the optimal dicing tape for use in a Plasma Dicing Environment
Authors:   , Fulton Harry S.
Published: December 2021

This thesis describes an investigation of the suitability of standard semiconductor dicing tape when used in plasma dicing applications. The traditional methods of dividing a fully processed semiconductor wafer into individual integrated circuits are cleaving, sawing or laser based. These are all physical techniques and tape properties have been developed to ensure optimum performance for these processes. Conversely, plasma dicing is less physical as the material between each device is eliminated at the atomic level using a gentle chemical process. The properties of standard dicing tapes have been designed to withstand the rigors of the well-established device singulation techniques. However, they have not been fully investigated when exposed to a high vacuum plasma environment. The aim of this program of work was to characterise the performance of dicing tape when subjected to conditions unique to those in a plasma dicing reactor. Results have helped in providing more accurate tape recommendations to semiconductor IC fabrication companies but with the involvement of several major dicing tape manufacturers, have also served as the insight and motivation to support further development of dicing tape for use in plasma dicing throughout the industry.
Interaktion, autenticitet och differentiering
Authors: Lundström Marie-Sofie
Published: December 2021

I artikeln granskas den finländske moralfilosofen och socialantropologen Edvard Westermarcks (1862–1939) fotografier i hans reseskildring Sex år i Marocko (1918). Syftet är att reda ut hur autenticitet skapas och förmedlas i text och bild i den populärt hållna boken. Samtliga forskningsfrågor har beröringspunkter med hur Westermarcks antropologiska fotografier kan definieras utgåendefrån autenticitet. På vilket sätt skapar själva texten och interaktionen mellan text och bild intryck av autenticitet och trovärdighet? Vilken betydelse har olika grader av autenticitet för Westermarcks berättarstrategier? Hur kan autenticitet kontra iscensatt verklighet i Westermarcks berättelse och illustrationerna bestämmas och vad berättar det om hans relation till Marocko? Textens och bildernas interaktion granskas, varefter det sker en analys utgående från begreppet ikonotext, turismteoretiska och antropologiska, fotohistoriska frågeställningar. Även om Westermarcks fotografier kan definieras som relativt okonstlade, har antropologiska fotografier historiskt sett ofta varit mer eller mindre arrangerade; trots en skenbar direkthet karakteriseras fotograferingsögonblicket därför av subjektivitet. I Westermarcks reseskildring skapas olika grader av autenticitet genom ett varierande samspel mellan text och bild, användningen av preciserande ord och uttryck och själva urvalet bilder (hans och andras) som ska illustrera hans text. Man kan också tänka omvänt, att texten förklarar speciellt hans egna bilder, eftersom samspelet mellan text och bild då är så ens och en hög grad av autenticitet uppnås. Men trots Westermarcks uppenbara Marockoexpertis och fotografiernas förmodade direkthet, gör hans sätt att använda autenticitetsmarkörer att reseskildringen paradoxalt nog kan definieras som en mer eller mindre iscensatt och differentierande verklighetsskildring.
Mitä primitivismi oli?
Authors: Grén Roni
Published: December 2021

Kirja-arvio: Philippe Dagen, Primitivismes: Une invention moderne (Paris: Gallimard, 2019) & Philippe Dagen, Primitivismes 2: Une guerre moderne (Paris: Gallimard, 2021).
Serenade to a Cat: An Iconography of Laughter
Authors: Keltanen Minerva
Published: December 2021

Lectio praecursoria: Minerva Keltasen taidehistorian alan väitöskirja “Serenade to a Cat: An Iconography of Laughter” tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa 17.11.2020. Vastaväittäjänä toimi Dr. Sheila McTighe (The Courtauld Institute of Art) ja kustoksena Prof. Ville Lukkarinen (Helsingin yliopisto).
3D Yazıcı İle Yazdırılmış Malzemede Ahşap Kaplama Laminasyonunun Eğilme Direncine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Yasemin , BURDURLU Erol
Published: December 2021

Üretim sistemlerinde önemli değişimlere neden olacak 3D yazıcı teknolojileri, ortaya çıkan yeni gelişmeler ve düşen maliyetlerle, malzeme ve sonuç ürün üretimi odaklı olarak üzerinde en çok AR-GE faaliyeti yürütülen alanlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ahşap katkılı filament ile 3D yazıcıda üretilmiş malzemenin, ahşap kaplamalarla laminasyonunun eğilme direncine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 3D yazıcıda ahşap katkılı filament kullanılarak, % 50’lik doluluk oranı ile 10 x 10 x 180 mm boyutlarında 18 adet ara katman parçası yazdırılmış ve bu parçalar ıhlamur ve kayın kaplamalar ile lamine edilmiştir. Yazıcıdan alınmış her bir malzeme kontrol grubu, kayın kaplama ve ıhlamur kaplama ile lamine edilecekler olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmış ve her malzemenin alt ve üst kısmına 0,5 mm kalınlığında olan bu kaplamalar PVAc tutkalı kullanılarak yapıştırılmıştır. Elde edilen lamine malzemeler üniversal test cihazında eğilme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Test sonucunun SPSS 22 programında yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmesi sonucunda, laminasyon işleminin, eğilme direncini kayın kaplama ile %25 ve ıhlamur kaplama ile %20 arttırdığı, kayın kaplama ile lamine edilmiş malzemelerin eğilme dayanımının en yüksek (46,41 MPa) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Contribution of Self-Adjustment and Learning Skill to Qur’an Memorization Achievement of Boarding School Students
Authors: Mulia Renti Gusti , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Alizamar Alizamar
Published: December 2021

Qur’an Memorization (Tahfiz Quran) score is a determinant factor of boarding students’ graduation. However, Many of the students get the score below the standard (KKM). Their ability to get high achievement could be caused by several factors such as their self-adjustment toward the learning environment and their learning skill. This study was conducted to reveal students’ self-adjustment, learning skill and achievement, and to perceive the contribution of aforementioned factors to students’ achievement. It was using correlation research method where the data was analysed through description and double regression. The research sample was 220 students consisted of students of grade seven and eight in Junior High School Ar-Risalah Padang. The result showed that self-adjustment and learning skill were in high category while student’s achievement was in moderate category. Then, there was a significantly positive contribution of the two factors on student’s learning achievement. In other words, the higher student’s self-adjustment and learning skill are the higher their learning achievement.
Contribution of School Well-being and Emotional Intelligence to Student Engagement in Learning
Authors: Susanti Roza Eva , Firman Firman , Daharnis Daharnis
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze school well-being, emotional intelligence and student engagement in learning. The research was conducted using descriptive quantitative methods. The study population was 768 students of SMP Negeri 1 Padang and the research sample consisted of 201 students who were taken using random sampling technique. The instruments that used were arranged based on the constructs of the three variables, namely school well-being, emotional intelligence and student engagement in learning that had met the validity and reliability requirements. The research data were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression. The findings of the study show that: (1) in average, student engagement in learning is in the high category, (2) school well-being and emotional intelligence are also in the high category, (3) the contribution of school well-being to student engagement in learning by 48.2%, (4) the contribution of emotional intelligence to student engagement in learning by 57%, and (5) the contribution of school well-being and emotional intelligence together to student engagement in learning by 62.1%. The implications of the research results can be used as a basis in the preparation of guidance and counseling service programs.
Subjective Well-Being Analysis of Minang Adolescents Based on Parents' Socio-Economic Status and Gender
Authors: Ramadani Indah Rizki , Nirwana Herman
Published: December 2021

One of the factors that influence subjective well-being (SWB) is socioeconomic status and gender. This study aims to analyze the differences in SWB of Minang adolescents based on socioeconomic status and gender. The research method used quantitative descriptive comparative with a sample of 182 Minang teenagers (9 people with high socioeconomic status, 76 moderate, and 97 people with low socioeconomic status, or 48 men and 134 women). The instruments used are the Socio-Economic Status List and the SWB Filling List. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and the T test. The results showed that there was no difference in the SWB of Minang adolescents based on the socioeconomic status of their parents and by gender.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA KELAS X INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK
Authors: Siregar Givson H. , Tambunan Hamonangan
Published: December 2021

Abstract This research was conducted to find out whether there is an influence of the Discovery Learning learning model on student learning outcomes in the basic subjects of electricity and electronics for class X electrical power installations (TITL) in Vocational Schools for the 2019/2020 school year. This type of research is factorial. The population in this study were students of class X TITL SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan and class X TITL students of SMKN 5 Medan. The sample of this study consisted of 2 classes, namely the experimental class which was taught using the Discovery Learning model and the control class which was taught using the Expository learning model. The data collection technique is done by using a test technique using multiple choice questions that have been tested for validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of questions. The results showed that the results of hypothesis testing with the t-Ha test were accepted, there was an influence on the basic learning outcomes of electricity and electronics using the Discovery Learning learning model. Keywords: Discovery Learning Learning Model, Expository, Learning Outcomes. AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswapada mata pelajaran dasar listrik dan elektronika kelas x instalasi  tenaga listrik (TITL) di SMK tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Faktorial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TITL SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan dan siswa kelas X TITL SMKN 5 Medan. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 2 kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan kelas kontrol yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajran Ekspositori. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes menggunakan soal pilihan ganda yang telah teruji validitas, realibilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya  beda soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji t Ha diterima, terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar dasar listrik dan elektronika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning, Ekspositori, Hasil Belajar
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA (DLDE) KELAS X TITL SMK NEGERI 5 MEDAN
Authors: Sitanggang Leo Saputra , Bintang Salman
Published: December 2021

Abstract This study aims to determine: (1) student learning outcomes for DLDE subjects using the Flipped Classroom learning model (2) student learning outcomes for DLDE subjects using the Expository learning model (3) DLDE learning outcomes for students taught with the Flipped learning model. Classroom is higher than students who are taught using the expository learning model. The population in this study were 108 people. From the data obtained after the research, it was found that (1) student learning outcomes were much higher in the experimental class (classes taught using the Flipped Classroom learning model) which had an average of 85.93. (2) student learning outcomes in the control class (classes taught using the expository learning model) have an average of 73.55. (3) student learning outcomes are better (higher) using the Flipped Classroom learning model compared to the expository learning model. Keywords: Flipped Classroom, Expository, DLDE Learning Outcomes AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) hasil belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran DLDE dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom (2) hasil belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran DLDE dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Ekspositori (3) hasil belajar DLDE siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran ekspositori. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 108 orang. Dari data yang diperoleh setelah dilakukan penelitian, diperoleh bahwa (1) hasil belajar siswa jauh lebih tinggi dikelas ekperimen (kelas yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom)  yang memiliki rata-rata 85.93. (2) hasil belajar siswa dikelas kontrol (kelas yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran ekspositori) memiliki rata-rata 73.55. (3) hasil belajar siswa lebih baik (lebih tinggi) menggunakan model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran ekspositori. Kata Kunci: Flipped Classroom, Ekspositori, Hasil Belajar DLDE
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ADOBE FLASH CS6 PADA MATA PELAJARAN INSTALASI PENERANGAN LISTRIK
Authors: Rifaldi Fahmi , . Panahatan
Published: December 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan software adobe flash cs6 pada mata pelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik; (2) untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran interaktif pada mata pelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Langkah-langkah pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif ini meliputi : (1) Analisis (Analysis); (2) Perencanaan (Design); (3) Pengembangan (Development); dan (4) Validasi. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang berisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Validasi media melibatkan 4 orang ahli media dan 2 orang sebagai pengguna (uji coba awal). Hasil uji awal coba oleh  pengguna berdasarkan pada indikator Panduan, indikator Materi Multimedia, indikator Evaluasi, indikator Desain dan Fasilitas Media memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,75 (Sangat Layak). Hasil validasi ahli media berdasarkan panduan informasi, kinerja program,  dan sistematika memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,69 (Sangat Layak). Berdasarkan seluruh hasil yang penelitian yang disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik di SMK Negeri 13 Medan. Kata Kunci : Media Pembelajaran Interaktif, Adobe Flash CS6 AbstractEnglish translation. English translation. This aims research to: (1) develop interactive learning media using adobe flash cs6 software on electrical lighting installation subjects; (2) to find out the feasibility of interactive learning media in the subjects of electrical lighting installations. This research uses research and development methods. The steps of developing this interactive learning medium include: (1) Analysis; (2) Planning (Design); (3) Development; and (4) Validation. The data collection method in this study uses questionnaires that contain questions. Media validation involves 4 media experts and 2 people as users (initial trial). The results of the initial trial by users based on the Guide indicator, Multimedia Materials indicator, Evaluation indicator, Design indicator and Media Facility obtained an average score of 4.75 (Very Feasible). Media expert validation results based on information guidance, program performance, and systematics earned an average score of 4.69 (Very Decent). Based on all the results of the research concluded that interactive learning media is very suitable to be used as a learning medium in the subjects of electric lighting installation in SMK Negeri 13 Medan.  Keywords: Interactive Learning Media, Adobe Flash CS6
Acute Oral Toxicity of Cincalok Oil in Wistar Rats
Authors: Nurbaeti Siti Nani , Fajriaty Inarah , Nugraha Fajar , Kurniawan Hadi , Rahmalia Winda , Usman Thamrin , Prayitno Dwi I.
Published: December 2021

Cincalok is a West Kalimantan traditional fermented food that has an opportunity to be developed into supplement products as a source of omega 3 and astaxanthin. This study was designed to observe the acute toxicity of Cincalok oil in female rats for its safety profile using AOT 425 program. Cincalok oil for the acute (2000 and 5000 mg/kg) toxicity studies was administered orally according to the OECD guidelines 425. The rat’s body and organs weight were observed then signs of toxicity were assessed. LD50 was being determined at the end of the study. The result showed that a single dose of Cincalok oil at 2000 or 5000 mg/kg had no lethal effect, behavioral change, a significant change in rat’s bodyweights, or any lesion on the rat’s organs. The LD50 of Cincalok oil for oral administration was higher than 5000 mg/kg and categorized as practically non-toxic.Keywords: Acute Toxicity, Cincalok Oil, LD50.
Piroxicam Percutaneous Permeation from Gels Through Membrane Models of Shed Snakeskin and Cellulose
Authors: Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Abdassah Marline , Levita Jutti , Febrina Ellin , Hafni Ulfinana
Published: December 2021

Skin has a very important role in determining percutaneous absorption of active substance in topical administration. Study on percutaneous permeation of piroxicam from gel had been conducted using Franz Diffusion Cell with membrane model of shed snakeskin and cellulose. Piroxicam gels were made using Aqupec HV-505 base with 0; 2.5; 5; and 7.5% of DMSO as an enhancer. The results showed that the most stable gel preparation was the one with 5% DMSO (F2), so it was used for further investigation to which percutaneous permeation test. The permeation test was conducted in preparation without and with 5% DMSO (F2) in vitro through shed snakeskin and cellulose membranes. The results showed that F2 increased the permeation rate by as much as 0.0281% per minute. In comparison, the permeation rate of formulation without DMSO (F0) was 0.012% per minute. It can be concluded that DMSO can increase piroxicam penetration through shed snakeskin. Permeation study using cellulose membrane on formula F2 revealed permeation rate as much as 0.006% per minute whereas that without DMSO (F0) was 0.0112% per minute.Keywords: DMSO, cellulose membrane, percutaneous permeation, piroxicam, shed snakeskin.
Konstitusi Peralihan Kekuasaan Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martapura
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri
Published: December 2021

ideology of state sovereignty, which was adhered to by the royal leaders and their people. The infrastructure of civilization is still sustainable, despite the turmoil of the succession of leadership, indicating the presence of very strong social capital, namely justice and peace. Starting from the archipelago ideology is Kutai Martapura Kingdom, switching to a Malay ideology is Kutai Kartanegara Kingdom, and a modern ideology is Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martapura Sultanate. The nationality theory ('ashabiyah), the urban theory ('urban), and the development theory ('umran) by Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 1406 AD), were able to reveal the dynamics of the historical continuity of the Republic of Indonesia, which wanted to move the State Capital in some areas Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Taking turns, coming and going, until the population settles in an area in the territory of the country, shows the presence of a very great human culture
Bi-Level Optimization Model for Urban Traffic Control
Authors: Stoilova Krasimira , Stoilov Todor , Dimitrov Stanislav
Published: December 2021

The urban traffic control optimization is a complex problem because of the interconnections among the junctions and the dynamical behavior of the traffic flows. Optimization with one control variable in the literature is presented. In this research optimization model consisting of two control variables is developed. Hierarchical bi-level methodology is proposed for realization of integrated optimal control. The urban traffic management is implemented by simultaneously control of traffic light cycles and green light durations of the traffic lights of urban network of crossroads.
Simulation-Based Optimisation for Autonomous Transportation Systems Using a Parallel Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm with Scalable Nonuniform Mutation
Authors: Akopov Andranik S. , Beklaryan Levon A. , Beklaryan Armen L.
Published: December 2021

This work presents a novel approach to the simulation-based optimisation for Autonomous Transportation Systems (ATS) with the use of the proposed parallel genetic algorithm. The system being developed uses GPUs for the implementation of a massive agent-based model of Autonomous Vehicle (AV) behaviour in an Artificial Multi-Connected Road Network (AMСRN) consisting of the “Manhattan Grid” and the “Circular Motion Area” that are crossed. A new parallel Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm with a Scalable Nonuniform Mutation (RCGA-SNUM) is developed. The proposed algorithm (RCGA-SNUM) has been examined with the use of known test instances and compared with parallel RCGAs used with other mutation operators (e.g., standard mutation, Power Mutation (PM), mutation with Dynamic Rates (DMR), Scalable Uniform Mutation (SUM), etc.). As a result, RCGA-SNUM demonstrates superiority in solving large-scale optimisation problems when decision variables have wide feasible ranges and multiple local extrema are observed. Following this, RCGA-SNUM is applied to minimising the number of potential traffic accidents in the AMСRN.
Identification of the Thermoelectric Cooler Using Hybrid Multi-Verse Optimizer and Sine Cosine Algorithm Based Continuous-Time Hammerstein Model
Authors: Jui Julakha Jahan , Ahmad Mohd Ashraf , Ali Mohamed Sultan Mohamed , Zawawi Mohd Anwar , Jusof Mohd Falfazli Mat
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the identification of the ThermoElectric Cooler (TEC) plant using a hybrid method of Multi-Verse Optimizer with Sine Cosine Algorithm (hMVOSCA) based on continuous-time Hammerstein model. These modifications are mainly for escaping from local minima and for making the balance between exploration and exploitation. In the Hammerstein model identification a continuous-time linear system is used and the hMVOSCA based method is used to tune the coefficients of both the Hammerstein model subsystems (linear and nonlinear) such that the error between the estimated output and the actual output is reduced. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated based on the convergence curve, parameter estimation error, bode plot, function plot, and Wilcoxon’s rank test. The experimental findings show that the hMVOSCA can produce a Hammerstein system that generates an estimated output like the actual TEC output. Moreover, the identified outputs also show that the hMVOSCA outperforms other popular metaheuristic algorithms.
Non-Indigenous Parasites of Fish in Inland Waters of Croatia
Authors: Pofuk Matija
Published: December 2021

Non-indigenous parasite fauna of freshwater fish has not been studied extensively in Croatia, despite the long history of introductions and translocations of alien fish species into inland waters. Negative implications for aquaculture production and wild native fish species have been frequently associated with the introduction of non-native parasite species. Hence, the present paper attempts to lay out a historical overview of the suspected localities, time frames and pathways of introduction for non-indigenous fish parasites into inland waters of Croatia, therefore producing a list of species. In total, 16 non-native fish parasites have been recorded in inland waters of Croatia, aquaculture establishments being identified as initial points of introduction. However, a paucity of information exists on the overall prevalence of infection as well as the economic impact on aquaculture production. In addition, limited information is available about the presence and potential ecological impact of non-indigenous parasites on endemic fish fauna in areas of high biodiversity, such as the water bodies of the Adriatic Sea Basin. Therefore, there is an urgent need and opportunity for multidisciplinary cooperation between different stakeholders, including government, scientists, in both biological and veterinary disciplines, and the industry, with the aim of extensive surveys to determine the potential impact on aquaculture production and wild fish population of high conservation value.
Common fixed point theorems in complex valued non-negative extended b-metric space
Authors: Ullah Naimat , Shagari Mohammed Shehu , Khan Tahir Ahmad , Khan Aziz Ullah , Khan Muhammad Atta Ullah
Published: December 2021

We introduce complex valued non-negative extended b-metric spaces and establish new fixed point results for mappings under some rational contractions. Our idea improves and extends corresponding fixed point theorems in the setting of b-metric, extended b-metric and classical metric spaces. Nontrivial examples are provided to support the hypotheses and usefulness of the main result obtained herein.
Applications of differential subordination for certain subclasses of meromorphically univalent functions defined by rapid operator
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bolineni , Reddy P. Thirupathi , Sridevi Settipalli , Swapna Galla
Published: December 2021

In this work, we investigate some applications of differential subordination for the class of meromorphic univalent functions defined by rapid operator and obtained coefficient bounds, integral representations, weighted and arithmetic mean for the class Σ(A, B, µ, θ).
Transient high thyroid stimulating hormone and hypothyroidism incidence during follow up of subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Abu-Helalah Munir , Alshraideh Hussam Ahmad , Al-Sarayreh Sameeh Abdulkareem , Al-Hader AbdelFattah
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Given the high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), defined as high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal free thyroxine (FT4), and uncertainty on treatment, one of the major challenges in clinical practice is whether to initiate the treatment for SCH or to keep the patients under surveillance. There is no published study that has identified predictors of short-term changes in thyroid status amongst patients with mild elevation of TSH (4.5–10 mIU/L).

Subjects and Results. A cohort study was conducted on patients with SCH detected through a general population screening program, who were followed for six months. This project identified factors predicting progression to hypothyroid status, persistent SCH and transient cases. A total of 656 participants joined the study (431 controls and 225 were patients with SCH). A part of participants (12.2%) developed biochemical hypothyroidism during the follow-up, while 73.8% of the subjects became euthyroid and the remained ones (13.4%) stayed in the SCH status. The incidence of overt hypothyroidism for participants with TSH above 6.9 mIU/L was 36.7%, with incidence of 42.3% for females. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) positivity is an important predictor of development of hypothyroidism; however, it could be also positive due to transient thyroiditis.

Conclusions. It can be concluded that females with TSH above 6.9 mIU/L, particularly those with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and FT4 in the lower half of the reference range, are more likely to develop biochemical hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is recommended to give them a trial of levothyroxine replacement. It is also recommended to repeat TSH after six months for male subjects and participants with baseline TSH equal or less than 6.9 mIU/L.
The increase in urinary serotonin and decrease in salivary cortisol concentrations following direct inhalations of concentrated essential oils is not induced by non-specific effects
Authors: Schneider Rainer
Published: December 2021

Objectives. The effectiveness of exogenously triggered serotonin (e.g., dietary supplements, drugs) increase is varied. However, since urinary serotonin concentrations were found to correlate with those in the cerebrospinal fluid, the olfactory system might be an efficient and testable pathway to quickly elevate serotonin levels due to its fast-acting central neurophysiological and peripheral pathways. However, little research has been devoted to investigate this assumption. This paper extends previous findings of parasympathetic activation of a specially designed essential oil inhaler (AromaStick® Balance) by experimentally testing its impact on urine serotonin and saliva cortisol excretion.

Method. Two experiments involving healthy individuals were conducted to test the efficacy of essential oil application to the nose by employing different inhalation protocols and control conditions.

Results. In the pilot study (n=8), serotonin urine excretion was increased after six inhalations (effect size Cohen’s d=0.7). In the second experiment (n=80), inhalations proved superior to both the natural control condition and the pseudo placebo condition after three and six inhalation cycles (0.6<d<1.8). In addition, there was a large reduction of cortisol saliva levels after three inhalations (d=0.9).

Conclusion. Short and deep inhalations of essential oil scents directly delivered to the olfac-tory system appear to result in an enhanced serotonin and a reduced cortisol release in healthy individuals of both sexes.
Axisymmetric Free Vibration of Layered Cylindrical Shell Filled with Fluid
Authors: Izyan M.D. Nurul , Sabri Nur Ain Ayunni , Hafizah A.K. Nor , Sankar D.S. , Viswanathan K.K.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to analyse the axisymmetric free vibration of layered cylindrical shells filled with a quiescent fluid. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and inviscid. The equations of axisymmetric vibrations of layered cylindrical shell filled with fluid, on the longitudinal and transverse displacement components are obtained using Love’s first approximation theory. The solutions of displacement functions are assumed in a separable form to obtain a system of coupled differential equations in terms of displacement functions. The displacement functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for a frequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. Two layered shells with three different types of materials under clamped-clamped boundary conditions are considered. Parametric studies are made on the variation of the frequency parameter with respect to length-to-radius ratio and length-to-thickness ratio.
Unsteady MHD Plane Couette-Poiseuille Flow of Fourth-Grade Fluid with Thermal Radiation, Chemical Reaction and Suction Effects
Authors: Joseph K.M. , Ayankop-Andi E. , Mohammed S.U.
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the unsteady MHD flow of a fourth-grade fluid in a horizontal parallel plates channel. The upper plate is oscillating and moving while the bottom plate is stationary. Solutions for momentum, energy and concentration equations are obtained by the He-Laplace scheme. This method was also used by Idowu and Sani [12] and there is agreement with our results. The effect of various flow parameters controlling the physical situation is discussed with the aid of graphs. Significant results from this study show that velocity and temperature fields increase with the increase in the thermal radiation parameter, while velocity and concentric fields decrease with an increase in the chemical reaction parameter. Furthermore, velocity, temperature and concentric fields decrease with an increase in the suction parameter. It is also interesting to note that when S4 = 0, our results will be in complete agreement with Idowu and Sani [12] results. The results of this work are applicable to industrial processes such as polymer extrusion of dye, draining of plastic films etc.
Influence of Diffusion and Impedence Parameters on Wave Propagation in Thermoelastic Medium
Authors: Kaushal Sachin , Kumar Rajneesh , Parmar Kulwinder
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present paper is to study the impact of diffusion and impedance parameters on the propagation of plane waves in a thermoelastic medium for Green and Lindsay theory (G-L) and the Coupled theory (C-T) of thermoelasticity. Results are demonstrated for impedance boundary conditions and the amplitude ratios of various reflected waves against the angle of incidence are calculated numerically. The characteristics of diffusion, relaxation time and impedence parameter on amplitude ratios have been depicted graphically. Some cases of interest are also derived from the present investigation.
Thermoelastic Analysis of Pressurized Hollow Spherical Vessels with Arbitrary Radial Non-Homogeneity
Authors: Rani Pooja , Singh Kuldip
Published: December 2021

In this study, a general analysis of one dimensional steady-state thermal stresses of a functionally graded hollow spherical vessel with spherical isotropy and spherically transversely isotropy is presented with material properties of arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. The material properties may arbitrarily vary as continuous or piecewise functions. The boundary value problem associated with a thermo-elastic problem is converted to an integral equation. Radial and tangential thermal stress components distribution can be determined numerically by solving the resulting equation. The influence of the gradient variation of the material properties on the thermal stresses is investigated and the numerical results are presented graphically.