bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Strategy in Creating Low-FODMAP Wholegrain Bread—Simple and Global
Authors: Torbica Aleksandra M. , Vujasinović Vesna , Miljić Uroš , Radivojević Goran , Filipčev Bojana , Miljić Milorad , Radosavljević Miloš
Published: January 2025

Fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides as well as polyols (FODMAPs) came into focus following recent clinical studies confirming that they worsen the symptoms of several gastrointestinal disorders suffered by 40% of the general population. Currently; only the low-FODMAP diet is a valuable strategy to help relieve IBS symptoms; however; it is only a temporary solution due to the nutritional deficiency caused by avoiding high-FODMAP foods. At the same time; bakery products are an important part of the human diet worldwide and the key contributors to the high intake of FODMAPs; especially in their wholegrain form. Previous research has shown that reducing FODMAPs content has negative effects on the structures of dough and bread; as well as on sensory quality. Our innovative low-FODMAP wholegrain bakery products provide a unique solution for achieving a high-dietary-fiber intake without compromising the sensory appeal. The novelty of our work is that these experiments were the first to be performed based on known but unexploited facts about the superiority of the baker’s yeast enzymatic complex. A crucial reduction in FODMAP content (by more than 75%) was achieved via a simple alteration to the bread formulation (6% baker’s yeast and the addition of baking powder) and key process parameter values (40 °C and 60 min dough fermentation time) in conventional breadmaking technology.
Simultaneous Determination of Three Active Forms of Vitamin B12 In Situ Produced During Fermentation by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Fan Zhihao , Li Yajie , Fan Xia , Wang Pei , Yang Runqiang , Xie Chong
Published: January 2025

The in situ fortification of vitamin B12 (VB12) in foods through fermentation is an effective strategy to address the deficiency of this micronutrient, and precise monitoring of VB12 production is crucial for developing VB12-fortified functional foods. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is advantageous for analyzing trace substances in food due to its high sensitivity. In the present study, an LC-MS/MS method capable of rapidly and accurately quantifying three active forms of VB12, namely adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), methylcobalamin (MeCbl), hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl), in 8 min were developed. Meanwhile, the quantitative result of this method is not affected by pseudo-VB12 because the selected ion channels include fragments of active VB12. Maintaining light-shielding during extraction and purification is essential, as light exposure during the process can decrease the content of detected VB12 by about 30%. At last, the developed method was applied for the determination of VB12 in fermented rice bran and the cell mass of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The results showed that AdoCbl was the predominant form of VB12 during fermentation, and the addition of cobalt did not influence the proportions of the three VB12 types. The present study reported a rapid and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of three active forms of VB12, which can effectively support the development of foods with VB12 fortification.
Preparation of Ethosome Gel with Total Flavonoids from Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. for the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Qin Dongmei , Cui Yongjie , Zheng Mengyue , Yang Zhiguo , Wang Xinbing
Published: January 2025

Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. is a traditional medicinal herb in Chinese medicine, extensively used by various ethnic groups due to the numerous advantages derived from its total flavonoids. These benefits encompass anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and the promotion of melanin production, showcasing its significant efficacy in addressing vitiligo. To improve transdermal absorption and enhance the antioxidant effectiveness of the treatment, ethosome containing total flavonoids were prepared utilizing the ultrasound injection technique. The resulting ethosome was then carefully mixed with 0.7% Carbomer 934 gel in equal parts, yielding a gel concentration of 0.302 mg/g. This formulation produced small, consistent ethosome that exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and notable stability. In vitro analyses demonstrated sustained release characteristics of the gel and considerable therapeutic effectiveness against vitiligo resulting from hydroquinone exposure. Histological examinations performed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of mouse skin revealed increased melanin production and increased activities of tyrosinase (TYR), cholinesterase (CHE), and mouse monoamine oxidase (MAO), while levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced. These findings underscore the promising effectiveness of this treatment strategy and validate the efficacy of the dosage form.
Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in China: Evidence from Shaanxi Province During 2003–2013
Authors: Wang Dan , Nawaz Rashed , Fan Xiaojing , Shen Chi , Lai Sha , Zhou Zhongliang , Gao Jianmin
Published: January 2025

Background: The link between chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and poverty in underdeveloped countries is debated. This study aims to examine socioeconomic inequalities related to NCDs and assess the contributing factors to these disparities. Methods: The study utilized data from the National Health Services Survey in Shaanxi Province for 2003, 2008, and 2013, having 71,766 respondents. The concentration index (CI) was employed to rigorously quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The CI decomposition identified the contribution of each variable, while the horizontal inequity (HI) index was calculated annually to assess changes in inequality. Additionally, a Probit model was employed to examine the significant determinants contributing to the occurrence of NCDs. Results: The results show a significant increase in NCD prevalence with age, particularly for individuals aged 60 and above, who experienced a 286.55% rise from 2003 to 2013. Higher education levels are associated with decreased NCD prevalence, as evidenced by a 74.13% reduction for those with high school education or above. Additionally, wealthier individuals had a 15.31% lower prevalence of NCDs, indicating that higher socioeconomic status correlates with a reduced likelihood of chronic diseases. Conclusions: The study finds that NCD prevalence significantly increases with age, while higher education levels and greater wealth are associated with reduced prevalence. These findings highlight the need to target older populations and lower socioeconomic groups for effective NCD prevention and management. Policies should focus on improving educational opportunities and socioeconomic conditions to reduce the burden of NCDs, particularly among older and economically disadvantaged groups.
An Efficient Tourism Path Approach Based on Improved Ant Colony Optimization in Hilly Areas
Authors: Damos Mohamed A. , Xu Wenbo , Zhu Jun , Ahmed Ali , Khader Abdolraheem
Published: January 2025

The expansion of the tourism industry has led to the development of various methods to find optimal tourism paths. However, planning tourism paths in hilly areas remains complex and has specific challenges. Different algorithms have been used to plan tourism paths in flat and hilly terrains, including the traditional Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Although widely used, this algorithm faces a number of limitations due to its slow implementation and pheromone update rules. This paper introduces a new approach to overcome these limitations. It presents a method for efficiently optimizing tourism paths in hilly areas based on an improved version of the ACO algorithm. The limitations of the traditional ACO and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) are addressed by improving pheromone updating techniques and implementing new initialization parameters. This approach provides a comprehensive and efficient method for planning hiking trails in hilly regions, considering dynamic tourism objectives such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and health status. The proposed method is implemented to develop tourist routes in the hilly Jebel Marra region in Western Sudan. A comparison is provided between the effectiveness of this approach and the GA and traditional ACO algorithms. The advantage of the proposed approach is illustrated by results showing an optimization time of 0 points and 27 s compared to 0 points and 45 s and 0 points and 40 s for GA and ACO, respectively.
Exploring the Link Between Renal Function Fluctuations Within the Physiological Range and Serum/CSF Levels of NfL, GFAP, tTAU, and UCHL1
Authors: Koerbel Kimberly , Yalachkov Yavor , Rotter Tabea , Schaller-Paule Martin A. , Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Friedauer Lucie , Jakob Jasmin , Steffen Falk , Bittner Stefan , Foerch Christian , Maiworm Michelle
Published: January 2025

Impaired renal function can influence biomarker levels through mechanisms involving blood–brain barrier integrity and clearance pathways; however, the impact of variations within normal renal function remains unclear. The main aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment for the specific level of renal function is necessary when renal function remains within physiological levels. We studied n = 183 patients (NID n = 122; other neurological diseases n = 39; somatoform controls n = 22) who underwent lumbar puncture at University Hospital Frankfurt. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tau protein (tTAU), and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) were measured using the single molecule array (SIMOA) technique. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlated negatively with CSF GFAP (r = −0.217, p = 0.004) and serum NfL (r = −0.164, p = 0.032). Patients with impaired renal function exhibited higher CSF NfL (p = 0.036) and CSF GFAP (p = 0.026) levels. However, these findings did not remain significant after adjusting for BMI and age. Importantly, in patients with normal renal function, no significant correlations with eGFR and biomarker levels were observed after adjustment. Our findings indicate that serum and CSF concentrations of NfL, GFAP, tTAU, and UCHL1 are not significantly affected by fluctuations in physiological kidney function but emphasize the importance of considering comorbidities in impaired renal function when interpreting biomarker levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Leading to Diabetic Myopathy via the miR-139-5p/NAMPT Pathway
Authors: Chen Zhanglin , Zhou Zuoqiong , Deng Qinhua , Zou Yunyi , Wang Bihan , Huang Shuaiwang , Tian Jiaqi , Zheng Lan , Peng Xiyang , Tang Changfa
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disease that is frequently accompanied by multiple complications, including diabetic myopathy, a muscle disorder that is mainly manifested as decreased muscle function and reduced muscle mass. Diabetic myopathy is a relatively common complication among patients with diabetes that is mainly attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying diabetic myopathy development, focusing on the role of microRNAs (miRs). Zebrafish were fed a high-sugar diet for 8 weeks and immersed in a glucose solution to establish a model of T2DM. Notably, the fish exhibited impaired blood glucose homeostasis, increased lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscles, and decreased insulin levels in the skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observed various symptoms of diabetic myopathy, including a decreased cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers, increased skeletal muscle fibrosis, a significant decline in exercise capacity, and a significant decrease in mitochondrial respiratory function. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis combined with various molecular analyses showed that the miR-139-5p/NAMPT pathway was involved in long-term high-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle, leading to diabetic myopathy. Conclusively, this study provides a basis for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic myopathy.
A Review of the Impact of Sjögren’s Syndrome and/or the Presence of Anti-Ro/SS-A Antibodies on Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Horai Yoshiro , Kurushima Shota , Shimizu Toshimasa , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by polyarthritis that affects the small joints of the bilateral upper and lower extremities. RA shares several common clinical symptoms with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), another rheumatic disease caused by the lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, with dry eye and dry mouth being the two most common symptoms. Anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies, a diagnostic biomarker of SS, are positive in patients with RA at a certain rate. The coexistence of SS and/or positivity for anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies in patients with RA influences disease activity and the effectiveness of several classes of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Furthermore, RA, SS, and certain DMARDs, including methotrexate, are associated with the onset of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). In contrast, several biological DMARDs, such as tocilizumab and rituximab, are plausible options without the risk of LPD relapse. Considering the results of the studies introduced in this article, RA with SS and/or positivity for anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies could be considered a phenotype different from isolated RA from the perspective of refractoriness to DMARD therapy and LPD risk. Hence, rheumatologists should observe caution when choosing DMARDs. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate treatment for patients with RA, SS, and/or the presence of anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies.
FEV1/FEV6 Cutoff Points to Avoid False Negatives When Using Portable Devices, PICO-6® and COPD-6®, in COPD Detection in Primary Healthcare Services
Authors: Hernandez-Mezquita Miguel A. , Santos-Ventura Idania De los , Hidalgo-Sierra Vanesa , Pérez-Trullen Alfonso , Garcia Ruth García , Clavero-Sánchez Tamara , Barrueco-Otero Enrique
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent but underdiagnosed disease, primarily due to the lack of access to forced spirometry (FS) in primary care. Portable, easy-to-use expiratory flow meters like Piko-6® and COPD-6® that measure FEV1, FEV6, and FEV1/FEV6 ratio provide an alternative. Given that Piko-6® and COPD-6® devices measure FEV6 but not FVC, the aim of the study is to determine the optimal cutoff value for the FEV1/FEV6 ratio of each device to avoid false negatives when these devices are used for COPD screening in primary care (PC). Methods: A total of 664 patients of 35 years of age or older with a cumulative tobacco consumption of 10 or more packs/year were recruited at two university hospitals. FS (gold standard) was performed and FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC measurements were compared with FEV1, FEV6, and FEV1/FEV6 measurements acquired using Piko-6® and COPD-6® devices. The devices were compared using statistical methods including Pearson correlation coefficients, the Youden index (YI), kappa coefficient, Bland–Altman plots, and ROC curves analysis. Results: Correlations between FEV1/FEV6 using Piko-6® and COPD-6® and FEV1/FVC with FS were 0.79 and 0.73, respectively. Piko-6® achieved the best YI in FEV1/FEV6 (0.73), whereas for COPD-6®, it was 0.80. Concordance between Piko-6® and FS was 83.9% (kappa 0.67 ± 0.028) and for COPD-6®, it was 68.7% (kappa 0.42 ± 0.02). Conclusions: This is the first study that compares two hand-held expiratory flow meters with FS. Piko-6® and COPD-6® devices are effective tools for COPD detection, as their measurements provide a good correlation with FS. In order to avoid false negative results, the FEV1/FEV6 cutoff point needs to be increased to 0.73 and 0.80 with Piko-6® and COPD-6®, respectively.
Is the Central Sensitization in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Structural Phenomenon or Psychological Reaction? A Narrative Review
Authors: Opara Józef Alfons , Saulicz Edward , Szczygieł Jarosław Wojciech , Szczygieł Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Lower back pain (LBP) is a common condition affecting primarily populations in developed countries, placing a significant burden on public health systems around the world. A high rate of pain recurrence increases the risk of developing a chronic syndrome and the occurrence of complex psychosocial and professional problems. Symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks are associated with the risk of sleep problems, depression, and anxiety. In the 21st century, the development of knowledge about central sensitization (CS) to pain allowed for a better understanding of the pathomechanism of pain and the transformation of LBP into a chronic form. Patients with chronic severe pain often experience accompanying symptoms such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, appetite disorders, flatulence, dyspepsia, and dizziness—these are part of the picture of CS. The article presents a narrative, chronological review of reports covering the current state of knowledge on the possibility of assessing central sensitization and its impact on low back pain. The authors also attempt to answer the question posed in the title. CS can be seen as an excessive reactivity of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold afferent chronic stimuli in people with certain mental predispositions.
TMJ Replacement in Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ravelo Víctor , Vargas Erick , García Guevara Henry , Sacco Roberto , Navarro Pablo , Olate Sergio
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to describe and analyze the indications and clinical results of total TMJ replacement in participants with degenerative and/or inflammatory joint diseases, defining patient and intervention conditions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention and reported according to the PRISMA Items update. The search strategy was from 1997 to July 2024 in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. A search for gray literature was conducted in the databases Google Scholar and Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD), and there were no limitations on the language or study design. We incorporated studies involving human patients over 15 years of age with degenerative and/or inflammatory joint conditions who underwent joint prosthesis replacement, either concurrently or separately from orthognathic surgery, as an initial intervention or after prosthesis installation. Participants with a postoperative follow-up of 12 months or longer were included. A risk of bias analysis was performed for non-randomized studies using the ROBINS-I tool, and GRADE profiler (GRADEpro) software was used to assess the quality of evidence and synthesize the data. Results: All the selected studies performed postoperative follow-up with quantitative and qualitative parameters; 10 performed a follow-up of 2 to 5 years. The indication for joint prosthesis replacement due to system failure was only 4.07%. Concerning diagnoses, 579 presented degenerative and/or inflammatory joint diseases, with osteoarthritis being the most frequent, followed by osteoarthrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The maximum mouth opening of the participants with TMJ disease presented an average of 24.32 ± 5.8 mm with a range of 18 to 36.4 mm. Of the 579 participants, the studies mention that they presented a soft to liquid diet and pain associated with decreased mandibular functionality. Conclusions: A total of 76.18% of the participants presented a range of moderate to severe pain associated with a decrease in functionality and, after joint replacement, all participants mentioned a decrease in pain or absence of pain, a change in diet by incorporating solid foods, and an increase in opening with an average of 40.74 ± 3.1 mm. Total joint replacement shows favorable long-term results. It is not possible to identify the best time to perform joint replacement surgery, considering the time since diagnosis of the disease, the time since the start of non-surgical treatment, or the number of previous surgeries.
How Hormonal Balance Changes Lives in Women with Psoriasis
Authors: Cassalia Fortunato , Lunardon Anna , Frattin Giovanni , Danese Andrea , Caroppo Francesca , Fortina Anna Belloni
Published: January 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease significantly impacting women, with disease severity often modulated by hormonal fluctuations. This review examines the influence of hormonal changes on the course of psoriasis in women, focusing on key life stages—including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause—and their impact on disease progression and symptomatology. Estrogen, the principal female sex hormone, plays a critical role in immune modulation. Variations in estrogen levels, which occur naturally throughout a woman’s life, are associated with fluctuations in psoriasis severity. Low estrogen levels, as seen during menstruation or menopause, are linked to symptom exacerbation, while elevated levels during pregnancy may reduce symptoms in some women. However, responses are variable, with others experiencing no change or worsening during pregnancy. Postpartum, the rapid decline in estrogen often triggers severe flare-ups, while menopause, marked by a sustained estrogen reduction, frequently correlates with increased disease severity and flare frequency. The review also addresses the profound impact of psoriasis on women’s quality of life, including physical discomfort, psychological distress, and social stigma. Additionally, fertility concerns are discussed, as severe psoriasis and associated treatments may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Consideration is given to hormonal therapies, lifestyle modifications, and their effects on psoriasis, underscoring the need for personalized treatment approaches that account for hormonal influences. Understanding these hormonal dynamics is essential for developing targeted, effective management strategies that enhance quality of life for women affected by psoriasis.
Thyroid Cancer in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Demographic, Clinical, Germline Genetic Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcome
Authors: Yildirim Ulku Miray , Kebudi Rejin , İribaş Çelik Ayça , Zülfikar Bülent , Kebudi Abut
Published: January 2025

Objective: Childhood cancer survival rates have improved, but survivors face an increased risk of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), particularly thyroid cancer. This study examines the demographic, clinical, genetic, and treatment characteristics of childhood cancer survivors who developed thyroid cancer as a second or third malignancy, emphasizing the importance of long-term surveillance. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for childhood cancer survivors treated between 1990 and 2018 who later developed thyroid cancer as a second or third malignancy. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among the 3204 childhood cancer survivors, 10 patients (6 female, 4 male) developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), a median of 9 years post-initial diagnosis. Radiation therapy, particularly to the head and neck, was commonly used. Genetic testing revealed mutations in the Cell Cycle CheckPoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) genes in four patients, possibly contributing to the increased risk. All were diagnosed through thyroid ultrasound and underwent total thyroidectomy, and three received radioactive iodine (RAI). No recurrences or deaths related to PTC occurred, with a median follow-up of 5.5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions: Radiation therapy, especially combined with chemotherapy, significantly increases the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors. Genetic predispositions also play a role. Lifelong thyroid cancer surveillance is essential, particularly for those who received radiation or chemotherapy. Further research is needed to refine surveillance strategies and better understand genetic factors that influence thyroid cancer risk. Early detection and ongoing monitoring are critical for improving long-term outcomes.
Combining Advanced Targeted Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Practice and Future Directions
Authors: De Bernardi Alice , Bezzio Cristina , Puricelli Michele , Gilardi Daniela , Saibeni Simone
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Despite the increasing number of available medications, a significant proportion of IBD patients fail to achieve the current therapeutic targets. Uncontrolled IBD has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and on overall costs for the healthcare system. Given the complex pathophysiology of IBD, Combined Advanced Targeted Therapy (CATT), involving the combination of biologics/small molecules, appears to have biological plausibility and is gaining increasing interest. The aim of this narrative review is to provide the current evidence regarding CATT in IBD and propose future developments in this field. Methods: Relevant literature evidence was searched with pertinent MeSH terms in the most important database. Results: Available evidence of CATT in IBD provides encouraging results in terms of efficacy and effectiveness, with an acceptable safety profile. CATT may represent a therapeutic solution for patients with “difficult-to-treat” IBD or with concomitant immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, current data are restricted by an overall low level of evidence and by the short follow-up. Conclusions: There are no data concluding the superiority of one combination therapy over another. Various therapeutic schemes could be applied in the near future. Further studies are needed to provide recommendations and integrate this therapeutic strategy into everyday clinical practice.
Comparison of Short-Term Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Low-Level Laser Therapy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Pasin Tugce , Dogruoz Karatekin Bilinc
Published: January 2025

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis and a leading cause of chronic pain in adults. This study aimed to compare the short-term effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) on pain, function, and quality of life in patients with knee OA. Methods: A hundred and twenty patients with Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2–3 knee OA were randomized into four groups: ESWT (once a week for three sessions), LLLT (twice a week for eight sessions), PEMF (twice a week for eight sessions), and a control group with 30 patients in each group. All participants were instructed in a daily exercise program, including knee joint range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises (3 × 10 repetitions). Outcome measures, including the visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, were assessed at baseline after treatment and at the third month. Results: There were no significant differences between groups at baseline regarding VAS, WOMAC, SF-36, and TUG scores (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in all parameters post-treatment for all groups (p < 0.001). However, the improvements in the PEMF group were significantly lower than in the ESWT and LLLT groups, particularly for VAS, WOMAC pain, and SF-36 physical function scores (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between ESWT and LLLT (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In the short-term, ESWT, LLLT, and PEMF effectively reduce pain, improve physical function, and enhance quality of life in patients with knee OA, though PEMF showed less pronounced improvements.
Refining Oxide Ratios in N-A-S-H Geopolymers for Optimal Resistance to Sulphuric Acid Attack
Authors: Yi Chaofan , Boluk Yaman , Bindiganavile Vivek
Published: January 2025

As an alternative to Portland cement systems, geopolymers have been found to display superior acid resistance. However, at present, there exists no strategy to regulate the suitable design of mixtures. Particularly, the mechanisms underlying the effect of principal oxide ratios on the performance of N-A-S-H geopolymers in acid-rich environments are missing. Nor is any information available on the optimal range for SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3, and H2O/Na2O ratios under acid attack. This study investigates N-A-S-H geopolymers incorporating varying compositional oxide ratios to assess their resistance to sulphuric acid attack. The results show that the optimal range for acid-resistant durability is a narrow band within the optimal range for workability and strength. A SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 3.4 balanced the enhanced degree of geopolymerization with an increase in the amount of permeable voids. At the same time, the Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O ratios should be maintained within 0.8~0.9 and 8~10, respectively. Quantitatively, for the mixture designed within these optimal oxide ranges, the associated strength loss after 84 weeks of acid exposure was only about 10~20%, whereas other mix proportions may lead to a maximum strength loss of up to ~58%. Anything higher will offset the polycondensation and instead raise the volume of permeable voids. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the acid resistance depends chiefly on the Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O ratios. The proposed multi-factor models predict the acid-induced neutralization efficiently, and the associated output displays a correlation with the loss in compressive strength.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling and Stretching on Physical Performance and Self-Perceived Fatigue in Young Football Players
Authors: Bibić Elzan , Barišić Valentin , Katanić Borko , Chernozub Andrii , Trajković Nebojša
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of foam rolling and traditional stretch treatments on physical performance and self-perceived fatigue in youth football players. Methods: The sample of participants consisted of 20 youth football players from the Serbia Under-17 league. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, the Foam group (age: 16.6 ± 1.5 years) or the Stretch group (age: 16.9 ± 1.0 years), with each group consisting of 10 participants. The first measurement (I) was conducted before the match; then, the football players played the match, which was followed by the second measurement (II), and afterward, the groups performed their foam and stretch activities. The third measurement (III) was conducted 2 h after the recovery interventions, and the fourth measurement (IV) was conducted 24 h after the match. Players were tested for the following: linear sprints at 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m, squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and arm-driven countermovement jumps (ACMJs). Participants also completed self-assessment questionnaires on fatigue (Hooper scales) and perceived exertion (Borg scales). Results: A 2 × 4 split-plot ANOVA revealed that there were no differences between the foam rolling and stretching treatments in any parameter of physical performance or self-perceived fatigue. However, a separate within-group analysis showed that the Foam group achieved significantly better sprint times in the third and fourth measurements (2 and 24 h post-match, respectively) compared to measurements taken immediately after the football match. Regarding self-perceived parameters, foam rolling reduced fatigue and stress at 2 and 24 h post-match. On the other hand, the stretching treatment only affected the stress parameter, which was reduced 24 h after the football match. Conclusions: These findings indicate that although there were no significant differences between treatments, foam rolling demonstrated certain advantages compared to stretching. Specifically, foam rolling may offer benefits in enhancing subjective recovery and reducing perceived exertion in young football players. However, these conclusions should be interpreted with caution, as the study was cross-sectional and involved a small sample of young football players.
The Seasonal Correlation Between El Niño and Southern Oscillation Events and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the South China Sea from 1958 to 2024
Authors: Song Jun , Yao Lingxiang , Guo Junru , Fu Yanzhao , Cai Yu , Wang Meng
Published: January 2025

This study utilizes high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) reanalysis data (0.25° × 0.25°) to investigate the relationship between SST anomalies in the South China Sea and ENSO events. The main findings are as follows: First, there is a delayed correlation between ENSO and SST anomalies in the South China Sea, with the correlation being stronger during El Niño years than during La Niña years. Second, the correlation with the peak values of the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is strongest for El Niño events with a 9-month lead, while for La Niña events, it is strongest with a 2-month lead. Seasonally, during El Niño events, the strongest correlations are observed in summer with a 3-month lead and in winter with a 1-month lag. For La Niña events, the strongest correlations are seen in summer with an 8-month lag and in winter with a 9-month lag. Finally, an analysis of atmospheric anomalies and shear kinetic energy anomalies relative to SST anomalies reveals a significant seasonal SST response, particularly during the summer of El Niño years and the winter of La Niña years. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of ENSO’s influence on the South China Sea and provide valuable insights for climate prediction and ecosystem protection in the region.
Modeling and Analysis of Actuators in Multi-Pump Waterjet Propulsion Systems
Authors: Jia Shuli , Guo Yinuo , Liu Yuxue , Wei Dali , Qu Chong , Ma Liyong
Published: January 2025

Waterjet propulsion, which generates thrust by ejecting water jets, has attracted significant attention in modern high-performance vessels due to its efficiency, superior cavitation resistance, and excellent maneuverability. While previous research has primarily concentrated on optimizing the overall performance of waterjet propulsion systems, insufficient attention has been paid to the detailed dynamic modeling of actuators in multi-pump systems, a critical component for improving system control precision. This paper addresses this gap by developing dynamic models for the reversing bucket and rudder angle actuators in marine waterjet propulsion systems. Based on an in-depth analysis of their working principles and operational parameters, transfer function models are established to simulate actuator performance under various conditions, including wear, hydraulic oil leakage, and external disturbances. Key influencing factors for each condition are identified, and corresponding parameter-setting models are constructed. The models’ response speed and steady-state accuracy are validated through step and ramp tests, confirming their effectiveness and reliability. The proposed model is verified with real measurement experiments and comparisons. The findings of this study contribute new insights into the dynamic behavior of multi-pump waterjet propulsion systems and provide a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of optimized control strategies in complex marine propulsion environments.
DBnet: A Lightweight Dual-Backbone Target Detection Model Based on Side-Scan Sonar Images
Authors: Ma Quanhong , Jin Shaohua , Bian Gang , Cui Yang , Liu Guoqing
Published: January 2025

Due to the large number of parameters and high computational complexity of current target detection models, it is challenging to perform fast and accurate target detection in side-scan sonar images under the existing technical conditions, especially in environments with limited computational resources. Moreover, since the original waterfall map of side-scan sonar only consists of echo intensity information, which is usually of a large size, it is difficult to fuse it with other multi-source information, which limits the detection accuracy of models. To address these issues, we designed DBnet, a lightweight target detector featuring two lightweight backbone networks (PP-LCNet and GhostNet) and a streamlined neck structure for feature extraction and fusion. To solve the problem of unbalanced aspect ratios in sonar data waterfall maps, DBnet employs the SAHI algorithm with sliding-window slicing inference to improve small-target detection accuracy. Compared with the baseline model, DBnet has 33% fewer parameters and 31% fewer GFLOPs while maintaining accuracy. Tests performed on two datasets (SSUTD and SCTD) showed that the mAP values improved by 2.3% and 6.6%.
Impact of Climate Change on the Habitat Distribution of Decapterus macarellus in the South China Sea
Authors: Shen Qikun , Zhang Peng , Yu Wenming , Xiong Pengli , Cai Yancong , Li Jie , Chen Zuozhi , Fan Jiangtao
Published: January 2025

This study examines the potential distribution of Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) in the South China Sea under future climate scenarios (SSP 1.26, SSP 2.45, SSP 5.85) using an ensemble species distribution model (SDM). Key environmental variables included sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), mixed-layer depth (MLD), chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL), and sea-bottom temperature (SBT). Results show that SST and MLD are the primary drivers of habitat suitability, with current suitable habitats concentrated in the northern offshore areas. Projections for the 2050s and 2090s indicate a reduction in suitable habitats, particularly under high-emission scenarios, with more gradual reductions under low-emission scenarios. Habitat loss is most pronounced in the northern South China Sea, while the central region is projected to see an expansion of suitable habitats. These findings highlight the climate impact on D. macarellus distribution and inform sustainable management strategies for the species in the region.
A Concept of a Para-Hydrogen-Based Cold Neutron Source for Simultaneous High Flux and High Brightness
Authors: Ioffe Alexander , Konik Petr , Batkov Konstantin
Published: January 2025

A novel concept of cold neutron source employing chessboard or staircase assemblies of high-aspect-ratio rectangular para-hydrogen moderators with well-developed and practically fully illuminated surfaces of the individual moderators is proposed. An analytic approach for calculating the brightness of para-hydrogen moderators is introduced. Because the brightness gain originates from a near-surface effect resulting from the prevailing single-collision process during thermal-to-cold neutron conversion, high-aspect-ratio rectangular cold moderators offer a significant increase, up to a factor of 10, in cold neutron brightness compared to a voluminous moderator. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with MCNP calculations. The chessboard or staircase assemblies of such moderators facilitate the generation of wide neutron beams with simultaneously higher brightness and intensity compared to a para-hydrogen-based cold neutron source made of a single moderator (either flat or voluminous) of the same cross-section. Analytic model calculations indicate that gains of up to approximately 2.5 in both brightness and intensity can be achieved compared to a source made of a single moderator of the same width. However, these gains are affected by details of the moderator–reflector assembly and should be estimated through dedicated Monte Carlo simulations, which can only be conducted for a particular neutron source and are beyond the scope of this general study. The gain reduction in our study, from a higher value to 2.5, is mostly caused by these two factors: the limited volume of the high-density thermal neutron region surrounding the reactor core or spallation target, which restricts the total length of the moderator assembly, and the finite width of moderator walls. The relatively large length of moderator assemblies results in a significant increase in pulse duration at short pulse neutron sources, making their straightforward use very problematic, though some applications are not excluded. The concept of “low-dimensionality” in moderators is explored, demonstrating that achieving a substantial increase in brightness necessitates moderators to be low-dimensional both geometrically, implying a high aspect ratio, and physically, requiring the moderator’s smallest dimension to be smaller than the characteristic scale of moderator medium (about the mean free path for thermal neutrons). This explains why additional compression of the moderator along the longest direction, effectively giving it a tube-like shape, does not result in a significant brightness increase comparable to the flattening of the moderator.
Botrytis cinerea PMT4 Is Involved in O-Glycosylation, Cell Wall Organization, Membrane Integrity, and Virulence
Authors: Plaza Verónica , Pasten Alice , López-Ramírez Luz A. , Mora-Montes Héctor M. , Rubio-Astudillo Julia , Silva-Moreno Evelyn , Castillo Luis
Published: January 2025

Proteins found within the fungal cell wall usually contain both N- and O-oligosaccharides. N-glycosylation is the process where these oligosaccharides (hereinafter: glycans) are attached to asparagine residues, while in O-glycosylation the glycans are covalently bound to serine or threonine residues. The PMT family is grouped into PMT1, PMT2, and PMT4 subfamilies. Using bioinformatics analysis within the Botrytis cinerea genome database, an ortholog to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pmt4 and other fungal species was identified. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of the bcpmt4 gene in B. cinerea glycosylation. For this purpose, the bcpmt4 gene was disrupted by homologous recombination in the B05.10 strain using a hygromycin B resistance cassette. Expression of bcpmt4 in S. cerevisiae ΔScpmt4 or ΔScpmt3 null mutants restored glycan levels like those observed in the parental strain. The phenotypic analysis showed that Δbcpmt4 null mutants exhibited significant changes in hyphal cell wall composition, including reduced mannan levels and increased amounts of chitin and glucan. Furthermore, the loss of bcpmt4 led to decreased glycosylation of glycoproteins in the B. cinerea cell wall. The null mutant lacking PMT4 was hypersensitive to a range of cell wall perturbing agents, antifungal drugs, and high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, in addition to their role in glycosylation, the PMT4 is required to virulence, biofilm formation, and membrane integrity. This study adds to our knowledge of the role of the B. cinerea bcpmt4 gene, which is involved in glycosylation and cell biology, cell wall formation, and antifungal response.
Impact of Ex Vivo Bisphenol A Exposure on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Its Association with Childhood Obesity
Authors: Luque Gracia , Ortiz Pilar , Torres-Sánchez Alfonso , Ruiz-Rodríguez Alicia , López-Moreno Ana , Aguilera Margarita
Published: January 2025

Dietary exposure to the plasticiser bisphenol A (BPA), an obesogenic and endocrine disruptor from plastic and epoxy resin industries, remains prevalent despite regulatory restriction and food safety efforts. BPA can be accumulated in humans and animals, potentially exerting differential health effects based on individual metabolic capacity. This pilot study examines the impact of direct ex vivo BPA exposure on the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and anaerobic culturing combined methods. Results showed that direct xenobiotic exposure induced modifications in microbial taxa relative abundance, community structure, and diversity. Specifically, BPA reduced the abundance of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidota, while taxa from the phylum Actinomycetota were promoted. Consistently, Bacteroides species were classified as sensitive to BPA, whereas bacteria belonging to the class Clostridia were identified as resistant to BPA in our culturomics analysis. Some of the altered bacterial abundance patterns were common for both the BPA-exposed groups and the obese non-exposed group in our pilot study. These findings were also corroborated in a larger cohort of children. Future research will be essential to evaluate these microbial taxa as potential biomarkers for biomonitoring the effect of BPA and its role as an obesogenic substance in children.
The Issue of “Smart Drugs” on the Example of Modafinil: Toxicological Analysis of Evidences and Biological Samples
Authors: Nowak Karolina , Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka , Szpot Paweł , Zawadzki Marcin
Published: January 2025

Cognitive enhancement through stimulants such as modafinil is becoming increasingly popular, with many individuals using prescription stimulants for non-medical purposes to improve alertness, attention, and mood. The misuse of such substances has raised concerns, particularly in forensic toxicology. The UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was developed to quantify modafinil in evidentiary samples and biological materials. Additionally, the authors noted the presence of sodium adducts during the analysis of samples with high concentrations of modafinil. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and linearity, with a concentration range of 0.1–10.0 µg/mL for the evidences and 1.0–100.0 ng/mL for blood. The method successfully detected modafinil as the sole substance in all evidences, with concentrations ranging from 90.7 to 120.8 mg, corresponding to 45.5% to 80.5% of the labeled dose. The method was applied to real post-mortem human cases, where, among others, the concentration of modafinil in blood was 110 ng/mL, whereas, in another case, the concentration of modafinil in the putrefaction fluid exceeded 1000 ng/mL. The developed UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method is effective for the quantification of modafinil in evidentiary samples and biological materials, offering a reliable tool for forensic toxicology applications. This method can be used to evaluate modafinil use in both legal and illicit contexts, including cases of overdose or misuse.
Valuation of Urban Parks Under the Three-Level Park System in Shenzhen: A Hedonic Analysis
Authors: Li Xun , He Qingyu , Huang Wenwen , Tsim Siu-Tai , Qiu Jian-Wen
Published: January 2025

Urban parks play a pivotal role in fostering ecologically advanced cities in China, contributing significantly to enhancing urban environments and the overall quality of life for residents. However, their value is often hard to quantify by urban planners due to the absence of a clear market price. Using the hedonic price method, this study delves into the distinct impacts of different types of urban parks (community parks, city parks, country parks) on housing prices under the three-level park system in Shenzhen. The outcomes reveal that owning a view of both city parks and country parks from the apartment has significant positive influence on housing prices, with a premium of 14.8916% (RMB 920,396.73) and 30.7299% (RMB 1,899,309.15), respectively. Regarding accessibility, shortening walking distance by 100 m to the nearest community park and city park can attach a premium to the housing price by 0.3269% (RMB 20,203.55) and 0.6130% value gain (RMB 37,889.53), respectively. The results drawn from distinctive park types are expected to give insights to urban planners in formulating strategies for ecological civilization construction, with an emphasis on prioritizing visible and accessible greenspaces to cater to citizens’ preferences and foster sustainable urban growth.