bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural evolution and risk factors for adverse outcome in selective intrauterine growth restriction under expectant management: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhou Weixiao , Zhang Yanhua , Zhao Wei , Wen Hong
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the natural evolution of and risk factors for the adverse outcome of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) under expectant management.

Methods

Retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary referral center. The clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of 153 patients with sIUGR under expectant management were evaluated, and the risk factors leading to adverse outcomes were explored.

Results

Fifty‐one patients (33.3%) showed a changed pattern in umbilical artery Doppler at the last examination, occurring in all types of sIUGR. Compared with type Ia, the gestational age of diagnosis was earlier, the estimated fetal body weight difference at diagnosis was greater, and the rate of severe neonatal complications in both fetuses was significantly higher in type Ib (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that type II (odds ratio [OR] 5.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34–12.51; P < 0.001) and type III (OR 9.11, 95% CI 3.02–27.50; P < 0.001) were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in sIUGR.

Conclusion

Type II and III sIUGR are independent risk factors predicting adverse outcomes of sIUGR. Different types of sIUGR could convert to each other. The outcome of type Ib is poorer than that of type Ia.
Factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination likelihood during pregnancy
Authors: Wainstock Tamar , Sergienko Ruslan , Orenshtein Shani , Sheiner Eyal
Published: January 2023

Objective

To identify maternal background, medical and gynecological characteristics associated with COVID‐19 vaccination likelihood, in the context where COVID‐19 vaccination rates among pregnant women are significantly lower than the general population.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, including all women who delivered between January and September 2021, background and medical history, including current and previous pregnancies diagnoses, were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Multivariable logistic models were used to identify factors associated with vaccination for the entire population, and for the two distinctive populations included in the study (Bedouin Arabs and Jewish women).

Results

The study population included 7017 women, of whom 1925 (27.4%) were vaccinated during pregnancy. According to the multivariable analysis, unvaccinated mothers were younger with lower socioeconomic score. They were more likely to be Bedouin Arabs, have a poor obstetrical history or recurrent pregnancy loss, and insufficient prenatal care. Additional risk factors were inconsistent between the two ethnicities included in the study.

Conclusions

Ethnicity, insufficient prenatal care, and having a poor obstetric history were consistently associated with lower vaccination among pregnant women. These factors should be considered in future plans aimed at increasing vaccination among pregnant women.
Preliminary investigation on biological possessions of Saquinavir‐modified quinoline‐derived azadipeptidomimetics
Authors: Perumal Gopi , Govindan Karthick , Jayaram Alageswaran , Sundaramoorthi Sarvesweri , Lin Wei‐Yu
Published: January 2023

Herein, azadipeptidomimetic molecules were designed and synthesized using a quinoline‐histidine‐amino acid sequence with terminal amino acid modification. In‐silico studies were carried out to evaluate the compound's HIV protease‐1 inhibition temperament. In‐vitro anti‐proliferative possessions of the test compounds were studied by executing a series of experiments, namely DNA binding, bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding capability, and cytotoxicity assay on MCF‐7 cells. The molecule 5j exhibited remarkable results in all experiments; it has an excellent DNA binding constant (3.76 × 105), higher serum albumin unbound concentration of 5.96%, and a significant antiproliferative effect on MCF‐7 cells with IC50 value 0.31 nM.
The role of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis and guiding therapy of early cervical ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Lixia
Published: January 2023

We described the ultrasonic imaging characteristics of four patients with cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) and inevitable miscarriage (IM) with the gestational sac (GS) located at the level of the cervical canal discussed and analyzed them in combination with relevant data, such as surgery and outcomes. It was found that contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could provide a more accurate differential diagnosis of early CEP and IM than conventional ultrasound (US), thus providing more effective guidance for clinical therapy. In CEP, CEUS shows sustained annular hyperenhancement of the GS wall. However, CEUS shows nonenhancement or pedicle‐like enhancement in IM with the GS located at the level of the cervical canal.
In‐hospital deprescribing in the real world – a clinician‐led approach to hyperpolypharmacy
Authors: Muhandiramge Jaidyn , Dev Tara , Kong Jason , Hall Kylie , Wadhwa Vikas
Published: January 2023

Background

A lack of clear guidelines for medication cessation has contributed to the proliferation of polypharmacy. Hospitalisation provides a unique opportunity for initiating deprescribing. Deprescribing interventions are usually pharmacist‐ or multidisciplinary team‐led and are typically safe and beneficial for patients. However, few studies have explored interventions that are implementable by clinicians at the bedside.

Aim

To explore the efficacy and feasibility of a clinician‐led deprescribing intervention on an acute general medicine ward.

Method

A multifaceted intervention was implemented comprising (a) education sessions on deprescribing and (b) a deprescribing alert in the bedside folders of patients with hyperpolypharmacy (>10 medications). Using a historical cohort study design, data from the intervention cohort were compared to a historical control group. A subset of the intervention cohort was surveyed after discharge regarding attitudes toward deprescribing.

Results

We recruited 1333 patients and had complete data for 1169 (nintervention = 888, ncontrol = 281). The prevalence of hyperpolypharmacy decreased from 28% to 26% in the intervention cohort, but this reduction was not statistically significant (net change = −1, interquartile range [IQR] = −2–0; p = 0.26). There was similarly no statistically significant change in medication numbers due to the intervention across other subgroups. Most patients agreed they were taking too many medications and supported deprescribing.

Conclusions

Despite observing no statistically significant effect of the intervention, we demonstrated the feasibility of introducing clinician‐led deprescribing interventions in resource‐poor, busy inpatient units. Simple, innovative deprescribing interventions in hospital settings, along with the measurement of long‐term patient outcomes and medication adverse effects, should be investigated further in large inpatient cohorts.
Ultrasound shear wave elastography for patients with sialolithiasis undergoing interventional sialendoscopy
Authors: Chang Chia‐Fan , Wang Hsin‐Kai
Published: January 2023

Objective

Ultrasound shear wave elastography is an objective tool to evaluate the stiffness of human tissues. Patients with sialolithiasis could be treated by interventional sialendoscopy with a high success rate. Sialolithiasis could be extracted, and the diseased gland could be preserved and evaluated after treatment. Whether ultrasound shear wave elastography could be used for objective outcome measurement and short‐term follow‐up of the parenchyma of gland in patients with sialolithiasis remains unclear.

Methods

This retrospective self‐controlled study was conducted. Patients with sialolithiasis treated by interventional sialendoscopy and followed by high‐resolution ultrasound shear wave elastography were selected between January and September 2017.

Results

Seventeen patients with sialolithiasis (mean age: 39.63 ± 12.49 years), including 10 women and 7 men, were enrolled. Fifteen patients had sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland and two in the parotid gland. The preoperative value of shear wave velocity was significantly higher in the diseased gland than in the contralateral normal gland (p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3915–0.6046). After successful treatment by interventional sialendoscopy surgery, the shear wave velocity of the diseased gland decreased significantly (p = 0.001; 95% CI, −0.38792 to −0.20474). However, there was a significant difference between the diseased and contralateral normal glands (p = 0.001; 95% CI, 0.0423–0.2895) after 1.55 months of surgery.

Conclusion

Ultrasound shear wave elastography could be an adjuvant tool to distinguish sialolithiasis‐affected diseased glands from contralateral normal glands and assess the short‐term treatment outcome objectively. The changing trend of shear wave velocity could help monitor the healing process of the parenchyma in the diseased gland after treatment.

Level of Evidence

4
ENG‐TL inspired dual‐polarized antenna using curved meander, two‐arm Archimedean spirals and CSRR mushroom
Authors: Ameen Mohammad , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar
Published: January 2023

This work describes the design and development of a dual‐band and dual‐polarized epsilon‐negative transmission line‐inspired antenna for wireless applications. In the proposed antenna, the implementation of curved meander lines results in antenna miniaturization; bandwidth enhancement is mainly due to the additional loading of complementary split‐ring resonator‐based mushroom resonator. Further, circular polarization radiation is obtained due to the additional loading of two‐arm Archimedean spiral resonators in the backside of the antenna forming a hybrid metamaterial structure. The proposed dual‐polarized antenna provides an overall electrical dimension of 0.17λ0 × 0.25λ0 × 0.026λ0 at the first resonating frequency of 2.49 GHz. The proposed antenna provides a fractional bandwidth of 7.22% (2.40–2.58 GHz) and 1.13% (2.62–2.65 GHz) for the first and second bands, respectively. Furthermore, the intended antenna provides maximum gain values of 1.28 dBi at 2.41 GHz and 1.94 dBi at 2.64 GHz for the first and second bands, respectively. As a result, the proposed antenna is well suited for ISM 2.4 GHz (2.4–2.484 GHz), WLAN/WiFi IEEE 802.11 b/g/n (2.4–2.48 GHz) and LTE 2500 (2.5–2.69 GHz) applications.
A Cascade of Possibilities for 2023
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: January 2023

Happy New Year and welcome to 2023. It's a new and exciting year for this publication and our industry. A cascade of innovations is underway in nearly every aspect of display technology, and throughout the year, we will feature as much of it as possible.
Happy New Year!
Authors: Bhowmik Achin
Published: January 2023

We represent a resilient industry with strong long‐term fundamentals despite the current headwinds.
Core OLED Technology Could Change the Display Landscape
Authors: Yi Choong Hoon
Published: January 2023

Phosphorescent blue and foldable OLED support more diverse applications and are expected to quickly replace LCD.
Analysis of network function sharing in Content Delivery Network‐as‐a‐service slicing scenarios
Authors: Contreras Luis M. , Solano Alberto , Cano Francisco , Folgueira Jesus
Published: January 2023

Video content consumption is currently dominating the mix of traffic observed in Internet service provider (ISP) networks. The distribution of that content is usually performed by means of content delivery network (CDN) caches storing and delivering multimedia. The advent of virtualization is calling attention to the CDN providers as a use case for virtualizing the cache function. In parallel, there is a trend for sharing network infrastructures as a way of reducing deployment costs by ISPs. Then, an interesting scenario emerges when considering the possibility of sharing virtualized cache functions among ISPs which are sharing a common physical infrastructure, mostly considering that those ISPs offer similar video content catalogs to end users. Furthermore, when deciding to share the caches among ISPs, it is interesting to understand the impacts due to limiting the storage capacity at the edge sites. This paper investigates through simulations the potential efficiencies that can be achieved when sharing a virtual cache function if compared with the classical approach of independent virtual caches operated per ISP, as well as the implications of limiting the storage capacity of the caches at the edge.
A case of schizophrenia with relapsed catatonia successfully treated with blonanserin transdermal patch
Authors: Hagikura Minako , Inada Toshiya
Published: January 2023

Background

Catatonia is a syndrome that may present with stupor, immobility, and postural retention, and appears in various primary disorders including schizophrenia, depressive disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Case presentation

In this report, we describe a 34‐year‐old female patient with schizophrenia, who had previously been treated with antipsychotic agents to improve psychotic symptoms with delusional symptoms and catatonia. However, she relapsed with catatonic symptoms around 1 year after she voluntarily discontinued the prescribed antipsychotic medications by herself. Her catatonia was successfully improved using the transdermal blonanserin patch, a drug formulation globally first approved in Japan in 2019.

Discussion

Although benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy have been recommended as the first‐line treatment of catatonic manifestation observed in psychiatric patients, this patient responded well to antipsychotic blonanserin. From the differential drug responses, catatonia may be the complex of heterogeneous conditions with different pathophysiologies.
Tensile behavior analysis of CFRP (carbon‐fiber‐reinforced‐polymer)–titanium joint under preload
Authors: Li Haiyin , Shi Jianwei , Zhao Jiangming , Zheng Yanping , Duan Yuechen , Li Chen
Published: January 2023

Compared with the traditional connection (bonding and bolting), the hybrid connection has attracted increasing attention in various fields for its better mechanical properties. Some research demonstrates that providing preload, a necessary condition for bolted connection increases the strength of the conventional bolted joint. However, those research depends on the test procedure, and there are few studies on the mixed joint. In this paper, we studied the tensile behavior of CFRP（carbon‐fiber‐reinforced‐polymer)/titanium alloy multi‐bolt hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joints under preload with multiple parameters, such as the size of preload, the number of bolts, and the way of connection. A finite element model of joint strength prediction under preload based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion was established and combined with experimental verification. This work reveals that: The preload can effectively reduce the stress concentration around the bolt hole of CFRP laminate and enhance the strength of the mechanically fastened joints. As for the HBB joint, the simulation results of the scalar stiffness degradation (SDEG) of the adhesive layer indicate that the application of preload can also effectively slow down the failure process of the joint and has a significant impact on the strength of the joint. However, for the single‐bearing full‐thread bolted joint, the sizeable preloading force will lead to the extrusion deformation of the bolt thread and screw, and excessive preloading may even lead to the shear failure of the bolt.
MSC‐EXO and tempol ameliorate bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborn rats by activating HIF‐1α
Authors: Wang Juanmei , Zhang Aimin , Huang Furong , Xu Jun , Zhao Menghua
Published: January 2023

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature infants and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the effect of the combination of mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes (MSC‐EXO) and tempol on BPD and analyzes its mechanism.

Methods

MSC‐EXO was extracted by centrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot analysis (WB). Tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) of rats were measured by BuxCo pulmonary function experimental platform. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was performed to observe the lung morphology and radical alveolar count (RAC) and mean linear intercept (MLI) were assessed. Immunofluorescence (IF) was conducted to detect the expression of CD31 and α‐SMA in pulmonary blood vessels. The kits were used to calculate malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) concentration in lung tissue. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the expressions of HIF‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p‐PI3K, and p‐AKT were analyzed by WB and IF.

Results

We successfully extracted and identified MSC‐EXO. In BPD rats, TV, MV, PIF, and Cdyn decreased, alveoli were simplified, and the number of interalveoli small vessels, blood vessel density decreased. Moreover, RAC, CD31, TAOC, and SOD decreased, and MLI, α‐SMA, MDA, IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ increased, which was reversed by the combination of MSC‐EXO and tempol treatment after combined treatment. In addition, the expression levels of HIF‐1α, VEGF, p‐PI3K, and p‐AKT were increased after combined treatment.

Conclusions

Combined treatment could improve lung tissue injury, promote pulmonary vascular remodeling, restore lung function, and inhibit oxidative stress in BPD rats. These effects were achieved through activation of HIF‐1α.
Comprehensive lipidome of human plasma using minimal sample manipulation by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Sousa Bebiana C. , Klein Zulema Gonzalez , Taylor Diane , West Greg , Huipeng Aveline Neo , Wakelam Michael J. O. , Lopez‐Clavijo Andrea F.
Published: January 2023

Rationale

The present work shows comprehensive chromatographic methods and MS conditions that have been developed based on the chemical properties of each lipid subclass to detect low‐abundance molecular species. This study shows that the developed methods can detect low‐ and/or very‐low‐abundant lipids like phosphatidic acid (PA) in the glycerophospholipid (GP) method; dihydroceramide (dhCer) and dihydrosphingosine/sphinganine (dhSPB) in the sphingolipid (SP) method; and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), LPI, LPG and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (SPBP) in the lysolipid method.

Methods

An optimised method for the extraction of lysolipids in plasma is used in addition to Folch extraction. Then, four chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry using targeted and untargeted approaches are described here. Three of the methods use a tertiary pumping system to enable the inclusion of a gradient for analyte separation (pumps A and B) and an isocratic wash (pump C). This wash solution elutes interfering compounds that could cause background signal in the subsequent injections, reducing column lifetime.

Results

Semi‐quantitative values for 37 lipid subclasses are reported for a plasma sample (NIST SRM 1950). Furthermore, the methods presented here enabled the identification of 338 different lipid molecular species for GPs (mono‐ and diacyl‐phospholipds), SPs, sterols and glycerolipids. The methods have been validated, and the reproducibility is presented here.

Conclusions

The comprehensive analysis of the lipidome addressed here of glycerolipids, GPs, sterols and SPs is in good agreement with previously reported results, in the NIST SRM 1950 sample, by other laboratories. Ten lipid subclasses LPS, LPI, alkyl‐lysophosphatidic acid/alkenyl‐lysophosphatidic acid, alkyl‐lysophosphatidylethanolamine/alkenyl‐lysophosphatidylethanolamine, dhCer (d18:0), SPB (d18:1), dhSPB (d18:0) and SPBP (d18:2) have been detected using this comprehensive method and are uniquely reported here.
Beyond presence mapping: predicting fractional cover of non‐native vegetation in Sentinel‐2 imagery using an ensemble of MaxEnt models
Authors: Preston Todd M. , Johnston Aaron N. , Ebenhoch Kyle G. , Diehl Robert H.
Published: January 2023

Non‐native species maps are important tools for understanding and managing biological invasions. We demonstrate a novel approach to extend presence modeling to map fractional cover (FC) of non‐native yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis in the Northern Great Plains, USA. We used ensembles of MaxEnt models to map FC across landscapes from satellite imagery trained from regional aerial imagery that was trained by local unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Clover cover from field surveys and classified UAV imagery were nearly identical (n = 22, R2 = 0.99). Two classified UAV images provided training data to map clover presence with MaxEnt and National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery. We binned cover predictions from NAIP imagery within each Sentinel‐2 pixel into eight cover classes to create pure (100%) and FC (20%–95%) training data and modeled each class separately using MaxEnt and Sentinel‐2 imagery. We mapped pure clover with one classification threshold and compared its performance to 15 candidate maps that included FC predictions outside pure predictions. Each FC map represented alternative combinations of five MaxEnt thresholds and three approaches to assign cover to pixels with multiple predictions from the FC ensemble. Evaluations of performance with independent datasets revealed maps including FC corresponded to field (n = 32, R2 range: 0.39–0.68) and UAV (n = 20, R2 range: 0.61–0.84) data better than pure clover maps (R2 = 0.15 and 0.31, respectively). Overall, the pure clover map predicted 3.2% cover, whereas the three best performing FC maps predicted 6.6%–8.0% cover. Including FC predictions increased accuracy and cover predictions which can improve ecological understanding of invasions. Our method allows efficient FC mapping for vegetative species discernible in UAV imagery and may be especially useful for mapping rare, irruptive or patchily distributed species with poor representation in field data, which challenges landscape‐level mapping.
A Transient Pseudo‐Capacitor Using a Bioderived Ionic Liquid with Na Ions
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke
Published: January 2023

A pseudo‐capacitor with transient behavior is applied in implantable, disposable, and bioresorbable devices, incorporating an Na ion‐doped bioderived ionic liquid, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)‐covered molybdenum foil, and silk sheet as the electrolyte, electrode, and separator, respectively. Sodium lactate is dissolved in choline lactate as a source of Na ions. The Experimental results reveal that the Na ions are intercalated into the van der Waals gaps in MoO3, and the pseudo‐capacitor shows an areal capacitance (1.5 mF cm−2) that is three times larger than that without the Na ion. The fast ion diffusion of the electrolyte and the low resistance of the MoO3 and Mo interface result in an equivalent series resistance of 96 Ω. A cycle test indicates that the pseudo‐capacitor exhibited a high capacitance retention of 82.8% after 10 000 cycles. The transient behavior is confirmed by the dissolution of the pseudo‐capacitor into phosphate‐buffered saline solution after 101 days. Potential applications of transient pseudo‐capacitors include electronics without the need for device retrieval after use, including smart agriculture, implantable, and wearable devices.
How can atrial fibrillation be detected and treated effectively?
Authors: Syed Tanveer , Patel Nikhil R
Published: January 2023

Atrial fibrillation is becoming more common as the population ages. It is a risk factor for stroke, thromboembolism, and is linked to heart failure and premature death, so detection and treatment are vital. One of the challenges, however, is that a third of patients can be asymptomatic.
Back to the origin: A spick‐and‐span sustainable approach for the devulcanization of ground tire rubber
Authors: Mondal Dipankar , Hait Sakrit , Ghorai Soumyajit , Wießner Sven , Das Amit , De Debapriya , Chattopadhyay Dipankar
Published: January 2023

A new sustainable approach for the development of value added devulcanized rubber will augment its application in tire industry and play a significant role toward the product quality, production economy and market completion. The right choice of devulcanizing agent is carried out to keep in mind that the chemical will act as superior devulcanizing agent, easily available, low cost, smoothly penetrate into the crosslinked network in presence of carrier, multifunctional activity and eco‐friendly in nature. Consequently, the current research work is focused on the devulcanization of ground tire rubber (GTR) by way of a multifunctional devulcanizing agent, bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide. The uniqueness of the chemical agent is that it will devulcanize GTR mechanochemically and subsequently the so‐grown devulcanized rubber can facilitate the homogeneous silica dispersion into the revulcanized rubber compound. The degree of devulcanization and the devulcanized rubber quality is measured by the swelling experiment and Horikx theory. The experimental results clearly specified that the optimal devulcanization time is 40 min to obtain better‐quality of devulcanized rubber and enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of revulcanized rubber. The homogeneous silica dispersion in the rubber matrix is further supported by the scanning electron microscopy images. Ultimately, it was established that the as‐grown technology is suitable for rubber reclaiming, which provides to the advancement in the ecological sustainability.
Pharmacological modulation of conditioned fear in the fear-potentiated startle test: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Authors: Groenink Lucianne , Verdouw P. Monika , Zhao Yulong , ter Heegde Freija , Wever Kimberley E. , Bijlsma Elisabeth Y.
Published: January 2023

Rationale and objectives

Fear conditioning is an important aspect in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. The fear-potentiated startle test is based on classical fear conditioning and over the years, a broad range of drugs have been tested in this test. Synthesis of the available data may further our understanding of the neurotransmitter systems that are involved in the expression of conditioned fear.

Methods

Following a comprehensive search in Medline and Embase, we included 68 research articles that reported on 103 drugs, covering 56 different drug classes. The systematic review was limited to studies using acute, systemic drug administration in naive animals.

Results

Qualitative data synthesis showed that most clinically active anxiolytics, but not serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, reduced cued fear. Anxiogenic drugs increased fear potentiation in 35% of the experiments, reduced fear potentiation in 29% of the experiments, and were without effect in 29% of the experiments. Meta-analyses could be performed for five drug classes and showed that benzodiazepines, buspirone, 5-HT1A agonists, 5-HT1A antagonists, and mGluR2,3 agonists reduced cued conditioned fear. The non-cued baseline startle response, which may reflect contextual anxiety, was only significantly reduced by benzodiazepines and 5-HT1A antagonists. No associations were found between drug effects and methodological characteristics, except for strain.

Conclusions

The fear-potentiated startle test appears to have moderate to high predictive validity and may serve as a valuable tool for the development of novel anxiolytics. Given the limited available data, the generally low study quality and high heterogeneity additional studies are warranted to corroborate the findings of this review.
Re-exploring the requirement of dietary iodine intake in Chinese female adults based on ‘iodine overflow theory’
Authors: Li Yajie , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaobing , Li Weidong , Mao Deqian , Lu Jiaxi , Li Xiuwei , Tan Hongxing , Liu Yanyan , Yan Junan , Yu Wei , Guo Chongzheng , Liu Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: January 2023

Purpose

We re-explored the basal iodine requirement based on healthy Chinese female and a new iodine overflow theory was proposed for iodine balance study.

Methods

Thirty-six Chinese healthy female adults (age 20.7 ± 1.1) were recruited for this study, which included 40 days low iodine depletion period and six stages of 30 days supplementation period. Uniform diets with low iodine were provided and the content of iodine in the diet was regulated by dairy products. The total iodine intake from food and the total iodine excretion through 24-h urine and staged feces were completely gathered and monitored. The incremental (Δ) intake and excretion over the range were calculated.

Results

The iodine intake and excretion were 13.6 μg/day and 48.6 μg/day at the first stage, respectively. The incremental iodine intakes and excretions were 21.1 μg/day to 120.3 μg/day and 25.8 μg/day to 105.4 μg/day for the supplementation stages, respectively. According to the ‘iodine overflow theory’, the zero iodine balance (Δ iodine intake = Δ iodine excretion) derived from a mixed effect model indicated a mean iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d (1.0 μg/d kg). The RNI for iodine to healthy Chinese female adult was 73.1 μg/d (1.4 μg/d kg).

Conclusion

A daily iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d may meet the basal iodine requirement for healthy Chinese female adults, and Chinese female may need more than 20% iodine intake than male based on the ‘iodine overflow theory’. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in May 2018 (No: ChiCTR1800016184).
Lay etiology concepts of cancer patients do not correlate with their usage of complementary and/or alternative medicine
Authors: Huebner J. , Muecke R. , Micke O. , Prott F.-J. , Josfeld L. , Büntzel J. , Büntzel J. ,   the Working Group Prevention, Integrative Oncology of the German Cancer Society
Published: January 2023

Background

The usage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread among cancer patients. While reasons for and aims of using CAM have been evaluated in many studies, less is known about whether patients’ concepts of how and why cancer develops has an influence on the choice of the CAM method.

Methods

We pooled the data from all studies of our working group containing questions on lay etiological concepts and CAM usage and reanalyzed them with respect to the associations between these parameters.

Results

The pooled dataset from 12 studies included 4792 patients. A third (1645 patients) reported using CAM. Most often used were supplements (55.9%), relaxation techniques (43.6%), and homeopathy (37.9%). Regarding perceived causes, patients most often marked stress (35.4%) followed by genes (31.9%). While all lay etiological beliefs were highly significantly associated with usage of CAM in general, there was no association between single lay etiological concepts and types of CAM used. Yet, in a network analysis, we found two associations: one comprising trauma, mistletoe, genes, and nutritional supplements, the other yoga, vitamin C, nutritional supplements, and TCM herbs. In the correlation heatmap, one cluster comprises etiological concepts of personality, immune system and trauma, and two clusters of CAM methods emerged: one comprising praying, yoga, meditation, and relaxation procedures, the other nutritional supplements, selenium, vitamins A and C.

Conclusion

While physicians are trained to derive treatment strategies from etiological concepts, lay people choosing CAM do not follow these rules, which may point to other needs of patients addressed by CAM.
Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Matias Wilfredo R. , Fulcher Isabel R. , Sauer Sara M. , Nolan Cody P. , Guillaume Yodeline , Zhu Jack , Molano Francisco J. , Uceta Elizabeth , Collins Shannon , Slater Damien M. , Sánchez Vanessa M. , Moheed Serina , Harris Jason B. , Charles Richelle C. , Paxton Ryan M. , Gonsalves Sean F. , Franke Molly F. , Ivers Louise C.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering.

Results

Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9–22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2–31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6–16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3–43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2–18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1–25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1–16.9).

Conclusions

The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19.
Aspirin in diabetic patients at primary prevention: insights of the VITAL cohort
Authors: Caldeira D. , Alves M. , Ferreira J. J. , Pinto F. J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Aspirin use among patients with diabetes in primary prevention is still a matter of debate. We aimed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular risk benefit of aspirin in primary prevention, using data from a contemporary cohort.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the VITAL cohort with > 20,000 individuals at primary prevention who were followed for a median of 5.3 years. The population was evaluated according to the baseline diabetes status, and then aspirin use was evaluated among diabetic patients. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risks of mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. The estimates were reported using adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results

Diabetic patients (n = 3549; 13.7%) showed to increase the risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.61, 95%CI 1.33–1.94), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (HR 1.36 95%CI 1.11–1.68) than non-diabetic population. Diabetic patients taking aspirin were older, more frequently man, hypertensive, current users of statins, and current smokers compared with diabetic patients who did not use aspirin at baseline. There was no difference between diabetic aspirin users and non-users regarding all-cause mortality (HR 0.80, 95%CI 0.59, 1.10), MACE (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.64, 1.33), coronary heart disease (HR 0.98, 95%CI 0.67, 1.43), or stroke (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.48, 1.58).

Conclusions

The VITAL data confirmed diabetes as an important risk factor for cardiovascular events in a contemporary cohort but did not show cardiovascular benefits of aspirin in primary prevention among people with diabetes who were shown to be at higher risk of cardiovascular events.
Our Sixties
Authors: Lauter Paul
Published: January 2023

The social movements of the 1960s - still vital and challenging - seen through the author's experiences as a civil rights activist, a feminist, an antiwar organizer, and a radical teacher.
Prioritisation to prevent extinction
Authors: Wilson Kerrie A.
Published: January 2023

Prioritisation is about choice, and in the context of species extinction, it is about choosing what investments to make to prevent extinctions as opposed to assessing extinction risk, identifying species that are doomed to extinction, or mapping components of biodiversity. Prioritised investments may focus on conservation activities aimed at species protection or management, but they may also seek to acquire new knowledge to resolve uncertainties. Two core components of prioritisation are a clearly stated objective and knowledge of what activities can be undertaken, acknowledging that there are likely to be dependencies between these activities. As the natural environment and society change, so will the enabling conditions for conservation, hence the need to be adaptable and proactive into the future.
Impact of universal admission testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in era of the omicron variant
Authors: Williams Victoria R. , Chan Christina K. , Chan Adrienne K. , Kozak Robert , Leis Jerome A.
Published: January 2023

In this prospective study, universal admission testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) averted transmission in shared patient rooms especially since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant when the yield in identifying infectious asymptomatic cases more than doubled. This change may be due to the higher rate of asymptomatic infection with the omicron variant, the broader community prevalence during the omicron era, or both.
Nonlinear dynamics of unstably stratified two-layer shear flow in a horizontal channel
Authors: Kalogirou A. , Blyth M.G.
Published: January 2023

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability at the interface of two sheared fluid layers in a horizontal channel is investigated in the absence of inertia. The dynamics of the flow is described by a nonlinear lubrication equation which is solved numerically for adverse density stratifications. The early-time dynamics features a number of finger-like protrusions of different heights at the interface. The fingers travel at different speeds leading to a sequence of merging events after which the interface eventually settles to a near-saturated state, comprising only one finger that includes most of the lower fluid. For sufficiently large density stratifications, the final state spans the height of the channel and includes two thin fluid films at each wall, both of which undergo chaotic dynamics, but finite-time touch-down/touch-up is shown to be precluded by the shear flow. An asymptotic analysis in the large-Bond-number limit (intense density stratification) reveals the finer structure of the final state including Landau–Levich-type connection regions. The asymptotic solutions are compared with numerical results of the lubrication model as well as direct numerical simulations, and excellent agreement is observed between the three in terms of interfacial structure, wave speed and film thicknesses.
“One Stop Crisis Centres” for the Redress of Sexual Offenses in India: Addressing Gaps between Policy, Execution, and Implementation
Authors: Agarwal Sonu , Sharma Deepankar
Published: January 2023

Women in India have perpetually been the victims of sexual offenses. The data of the National Crime Records Bureau suggests that such offenses against women are prevalent in almost every part of the country. The year 2013 marked major reforms to the legal and judicial structure for addressing these sexual offenses against female victims. It was felt that special support agencies should be established under one roof to administer every kind of assistance these victims require. Victims should not be mandated to run from pillar to post seeking justice from various agencies and institutions; rather, assistance should be made available to them at one location. To aid and assist the victims of sexual offenses, the Justice Usha Mehra Commission of Inquiry1 was constituted by India's central government just after the horrific gang rape of a medical student in Delhi in 2012. The Commission recommended the establishment of One Stop Crisis Centres (OSCCs) to help victims of sexual offenses with their legal battles against their offenders. But a primary question has loomed about the effectiveness of such Centres on the ground level, given the lack of resources in our criminal justice enforcement system and a strained policing mechanism.

This article deliberates on the fundamental contours of roles and responsibilities to be performed by the OSCCs and deep dives into the investigation of factors presumably responsible for their less-than-desirable output, if any.
Marbury v. Madison: How
History Has Changed John Marshall's Interpretation of the
Constitution—A Response to Winfield H. Rose
Authors: Budzisz Christopher B.
Published: January 2023

In his April 2003 PS: Political Science and Politics
article “Marbury v. Madison: How
John Marshall Changed History by Misquoting the Constitution,”
Winfield H. Rose presents an argument in which Chief Justice
Marshall knowingly distorted the meaning of the Constitution for
strategic gain. The strategic gain was the creation of judicial
review (the power of the Court to invalidate acts of other branches
of government as violative of the Constitution). The key means to
achieve this goal was to intentionally misquote Article III in the
Court's most famous of cases, Marbury v.
Madison (1803). Rose offers his argument as the
product of a new discovery (that of detecting Marshall's
misquotation), and this discovery as the product of a fresh reading
of the case. The reading is a “fresh” one because Rose looks anew at
the actual text of the decision and does not rely on the accepted
“textbook wisdom” of the case. He calls us rightly to revisit the
case and follow him beyond the “conventional textbook wisdom”
regarding the case. However, Rose's analysis fails in the end
precisely because it remains so wedded to the textbook wisdom on
Marbury and judicial review that he advises
against.
Introduction—Reconsidering Policymaking for
Social Security
Authors: Patashnik Eric
Published: January 2023

Each year political scientists publish many excellent new books, some
with an empirical focus on the politics of the United States. Very
few of these books, however, offer serious, theoretically engaged
analyses of the political foundations of major U.S. public policies.
One reason works in this genre are so rare is that such books are
extraordinary demanding to write. Their authors must have a policy
analyst's command of the technical features of complex government
programs together with a political scientist's skill at
investigating the value choices and material conflicts that are at
the heart of politics.
Policymaking for Social Security: Past,
Present, and Future
Authors: Weaver R. Kent
Published: January 2023

Policymaking for Social Security is a wonderful
book—perhaps the best book ever written on American social policy.
Derthick's achievement is all the more remarkable when it is
considered as the middle book of a “social policy trilogy,” along
with Uncontrollable Spending for Social Services
Grants (1975) and Agency Under Stress
(1990). Taken together, these books provide as fine an introduction
to American social policy as I can imagine; taken together with
The Politics of Deregulation (1985), which
Derthick wrote with Paul Quirk in this same period, they provide an
incomparable overview of American politics.
Martha Derthick as Paradoxical Postmodernist: A
Quarter-Century Reappraisal of Policymaking for Social
Security
Authors: Stone Deborah
Published: January 2023

Martha Derthick has long been my favorite bread-and-butter political
scientist. If you want to know how the U.S. federal government
really works, you can't do better than read her work. But re-reading
Policymaking for Social Security in 2003, I
discovered a Derthick I'd never known: Derthick the Paradoxical
Postmodernist.
Reflections on Policymaking for Social
Security
Authors: Derthick Martha
Published: January 2023

The contributors to this symposium have skillfully imparted
theoretical content to a work that did not have much, as critics
observed when Policymaking for Social Security was
published. By family background and childhood experience, I have
always been more journalist than social scientist, and what I did in
the book was try to construct the reality of policymaking in
response to a central question: how did so formidable an institution
arise and develop with so little contention?
Conducting a Distance Education Course When You Are the
Distant One
Authors: Roper Steven D.
Published: January 2023

There has been a great deal of discussion in PS: Political
Science & Politics concerning the development, use,
and evaluation of distance education courses delivered via the
Internet (Young 1998; Botsch and Botsch
2001; Pollock and Wilson 2002). While the literature in this new area
of teaching instruction varies in terms of its focus and
recommendations, one common assumption is that the delivery of the
distance education course is accomplished while the faculty member
is on campus. For example, Young (1998)
does an excellent job of describing how university resources can be
utilized in the gradual process of incorporating technology to
develop a “cyberclass.” The analysis of Botsch and Botsch (2001) concerning outcomes in online and
traditional courses was based on online courses offered during the
regular semester as part of the normal teaching load.
A Short Tour of Book Publishing for Political
Scientists
Authors: Myers Charles T.
Published: January 2023

Anew assistant professor of political science, who we shall call “Dr.
Politics,” stands at the door of the exhibit hall at the Annual
Meeting of the American Political Science Association gazing at the
crowds gathering at the booths of the leading publishers of
scholarly work in political science. Dr. Politics' dissertation has
been finished, defended, and filed with the graduate school. The
dissertation committee members have told Dr. Politics that the
dissertation is but one revision away from being a completed book
manuscript that will be attractive to many academic presses. Dr.
Politics' prestigious department requires at least one published
book and one on the way for tenure. The chair expects the first book
to be a revised version of the dissertation. How does Dr. Politics
navigate the new world of publishing?
William V. O'Brien
Authors: Arend Anthony , Lieber Robert J.
Published: January 2023

William V. O'Brien, Professor of Government Emeritus at Georgetown
University, died on July 8, 2003, at his home in Washington of head
injuries suffered in a fall.
Wilma L. Rule
Authors: Zimmerman Joseph F.
Published: January 2023

It is with the deepest regret that I report the death on January 15,
2004, of Wilma L. Rule who collaborated with me on a number of
research projects relating to the election of women and members of
certain minority groups to elective office in the United States and
other nations. She was a long-time member and secretary-treasurer of
the Section on Representation and Electoral Systems of The American
Political Science Association whose members continue to appreciate
her research and service to the profession.
James R. Townsend
Authors: Lev Daniel , Olson David J. , Scheingold Stuart
Published: January 2023

On January 17, 2004, our friend and colleague, Jim Townsend, died
peacefully in the midst of his family after a long illness. For many
years a leading figure among China scholars, Jim received his Ph.D.
from U.C. Berkeley in 1965. He was a member of the political science
department at Berkeley between 1963 and 1968 when he moved to the
University of Washington. He remained at the University of
Washington until he retired prematurely in 1992 after a diagnosis of
prostate cancer. Defying the odds, he continued to live a happy and
productive life for more than a decade after his retirement, a
decade during which he saw his beloved wife Sandy Perry through her
own losing battle with breast cancer.