bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fleece rot in sheep: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology, resistance and vaccines
Authors: Colditz Ian , Vuocolo Tony , Denman Stuart , Ingham Aaron , Wijffels Gene , James Peter , Tellam Ross
Published: November 2021

Fleece rot develops following prolonged wetting of sheep when bacterial proliferation in wool and on skin induces exudation of serum proteins onto the skin surface and causes damage to wool follicles and fibres. These processes create an attractive environment for blowflies to lay eggs, leading to body strike. Current reliance on insecticides for prevention and treatment of fly strike is being increasingly challenged by development of insecticide resistance. This review examines the large body of past research on the bacterial causes of fleece rot, the genetics of sheep susceptibility and resistance, the characteristics of the resulting immune defence reactions, and attempts to control fleece rot by vaccination. The high dependence on weather conditions for expression of fleece rot hampers studies on the disease. Normal skin and wool are populated by a dynamic microbial community. During adverse environmental conditions, natural resistance to fleece rot associated with physical characteristics of wool and skin can be overwhelmed and a complex mix of bacteria flourishes. Prolonged hydration alone, and in combination with bacterial exoproducts, induces dermatitis and exudation of immunoglobulins and other serum proteins onto the skin surface. Pathogens do not usually penetrate the epidermis. Nonetheless, during prolonged skin hydration, sheep can become sensitised to fleece rot pathogens and produce antibodies. Antibody titres rise late within a typical (3 week) case of fleece rot. High naturally acquired antibody titres may contribute to resistance to fleece rot. In contrast to some evidence for a protective role of antibody, there is little evidence for innate or adaptive cellular immune responses contributing to protection against fleece rot pathogens. Previous attempts to develop vaccines have met with mixed success. Nonetheless, there remain prospects for development of a new vaccine to control fleece rot. Further knowledge on the microbial ecology of normal and wet skin would assist this endeavour and may help identify other control strategies.
A review of factors affecting the welfare of dairy calves in pasture-based production systems
Authors: Verdon Megan
Published: November 2021

Current research on factors affecting the welfare of dairy calves is predominantly based on indoor, year-round calving systems. Calf rearing in these systems differs from that in more seasonal, pasture-based dairy production, meaning that risks to the welfare of dairy calves may not always be comparable between the two systems. The aim of this review was to consolidate the scientific literature relating to calf welfare in pasture-based dairy systems from birth until weaning, allowing for (1) the identification of current and emerging risks to calf welfare and (2) the formation of recommendations to mitigate these risks. Many of the risks to calf welfare discussed in this review are not exclusive to pasture-based dairies. This includes a global trend for increasing perinatal mortalities, a significant number of calves failing to achieve effective passive transfer of immunity, the low uptake of best practice pain relief when calves are disbudded, and the feeding of restricted milk volumes. In addition to these persisting welfare risks, two factors discussed in this review pose an immediate threat to the social license of dairy farming; the separation of cow and calf soon after birth and the management of surplus calves (i.e. calves not needed by the dairy industry). Several recommendations are made to improve the uptake of best-practice calf rearing and progress the development of alternative pasture-based rearing systems that accommodate changing community expectations. These include communication strategies that strengthen farmer beliefs regarding the welfare and productivity benefits achieved by best practice calf rearing and challenge beliefs regarding the associated costs. Farmers should also be encouraged to benchmark their rearing practices through improved record keeping of key rearing inputs and outcomes. Biological research is needed to advise the development of new calf rearing recommendations and the evolution of existing recommendations. Research priorities identified by this review include the effects of dystocia on the neonate and strategies to mitigate these effects, relationships between features of pen design and calf health and welfare, feasibility of dam rearing in large pasture-based dairy systems, and strategies that increase the value of the surplus calf.
Myrmecochory in
Authors: Plunkett George T. , Sadgrove Nicolas J. , Wright Boyd R. , Wilson Karen L. , Bruhl Jeremy J.
Published: November 2021

The diaspores of Lepidosperma Labill. (Cyperaceae) have thickened perianth members persistent at the base of the fruit, which are generally assumed to form a unique type of elaiosome but this assumption has not been tested rigorously. We tested whether the perianth provides a lipid-rich food reward and improves diaspore removal by ants in three species of Lepidosperma. We measured (i) the lipid and fatty acid composition of the fruit and perianth of two species of Lepidosperma, and of the seed and aril of two species of Acacia (known myrmecochores), (ii) the relative attractiveness to ants of the perianth in three species of Lepidosperma, and (iii) the relative attractiveness to ants of the diaspores of the same species of Lepidosperma compared with the two species of Acacia. We found that (i) Lepidosperma diaspores show traits consistent with myrmecochory, particularly the high lipid content (∼12–60%) and fatty acid profile of perianth material, (ii) isolated perianth members were removed in greater numbers over all times than were diaspores only (i.e. with perianth removed) in two species of Lepidosperma (n = 100, P = 0.035 and 0.047), whereas the difference was equivocal in the third species (n = 100, P > 0.05), and (iii) Lepidosperma and Acacia diaspores were removed in similar numbers over time (n = 100, P > 0.5). Seven species of diaspore-removing ant were observed, with Rhytidoponera metallica accounting for ∼50% of observed removals. We conclude that the perianth members of Lepidosperma are an elaiosome that provides a lipid-rich food reward.
Recent Progress in Stimuli-Induced Morphology Transformations of Block Copolymer Assemblies
Authors: Zeng Haoxiang , Roberts Derrick A.
Published: November 2021

Synthetic polymers are well known to self-assemble into a wide range of remarkable architectures with properties directly arising from their nanoscale morphologies. The rapid development of post-polymerisation modification reactions and techniques like polymerisation induced self-assembly (PISA) have fuelled new research into ‘smart’ polymer assemblies that can undergo well defined morphological transformations in response to external stimuli. These transformations can be used to modulate the properties of polymer assemblies in a ‘switchable’ fashion, offering great potential to generate smart materials that can dynamically adapt to changes in complex environments. This review aims to highlight key developments from the past five years in this rapidly evolving field, and we discuss innovations in polymer design, stimuli-responsivity mechanisms, transformation behaviours, and potential applications of shape-transformable polymeric nanostructures.
Characterisation of thunderstorms that caused lightning-ignited wildfires
Authors: Soler Anna , Pineda Nicolau , San Segundo Helen , Bech Joan , Montanyà Joan
Published: November 2021

This work studies the characteristics of thunderstorms that cause lightning-caused wildfires in Catalonia, north-east Iberian Peninsula, using lightning and weather radar data. Although thunderstorms produce ~57 000 cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes yearly in Catalonia, only 1 in 1000 end up as a flaming wildfire. Characterisation of thunderstorms that ignite wildland fires can help fire weather forecasters identify regions of increased ignition potential. Lightning data and radar products like maximum reflectivity, echo tops heights and equivalent liquid content were obtained over a 7-year period. Characteristics of thunderstorms that ignite wildfires are examined including storm motion, duration, morphology and intensity. It was found that most probable ignition candidates are lightning associated with cellular thunderstorms and non-linear systems. Radar reflectivity values for lightning that ignites wildfires were found to be below average, these morphological types favouring the occurrence of lightning outside regions of high reflectivity, where precipitation reaching the ground is low or non-existent. Thunderstorms that ignite wildfires are typically of low intensity, with a CG flash rate below average. Most ignitions occur during the maturity phase when the CG flash rate is the highest. A better scientific understanding of the thunderstorms that cause lightning wildfires will help improve early firefighting response.
Posttranscriptional modulation of KCNQ2 gene expression by the miR-106b microRNA family
Authors: Kim Kwon-Woo , Kim Keetae , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Byeol-I , Baek Myungin , Suh Byung-Chang
Published: November 2021

Significance

Up-regulation of the M-type KCNQ2/KCNQ3 channels from late fetal life to early infancy is important for normal development and functional maturation of nervous systems in the brain. However, detailed mechanisms for the early regulation of KCNQ2/3 expression remain unclear. Here, we report that select miR-106b microRNA (miRNA) family members modulate the KCNQ2 subunit expression by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of KCNQ2 messenger RNA. Moreover, KCNQ2 expression and miR-106b family members are inversely regulated in early stages of the mouse hippocampus, revealing the mechanisms underlying the sustained increase of KCNQ channel activity during postnatal development. Our work will provide insight into why miR-106b miRNA is the key biomarker for epileptic syndromes.
Contact phenomena
Authors: López Luis
Published: November 2021

Against the common-sense notion that bilinguals have two grammatical systems I argue that the linguistic system of a bilingual should be integrated, following ideas developed in more detail in López (2020). In particular, I argue that both the lexicon and the post-syntactic operations that lead to the externalization systems are integrated. I further argue that the distinction between code-switching and borrowing is spurious and I extend the integrated hypothesis to syntactic transfer. I use Distributed Morphology to formally describe how an integrated system may work.
Temporal marking and (in)accessibility in Capeverdean
Authors: Pratas Fernanda
Published: November 2021

Recent descriptions have argued that what seem to be past tense markers in Capeverdean, a Portuguese-related language spoken in Cabo Verde, are instead allomorphs of a temporal agreement morpheme (Pratas 2018a). The rationale for this goes as follows. It is true that both -ba, from the variety of Santiago, and the related (and more complex) form tava, from São Vicente, are sometimes associated with a past tense in the terms of Klein (1994): the Topic Time is located before the Time of Utterance (Pratas 2014). This is the case in (i) past progressives and past habituals. But they also appear in (ii) subordinate clauses where no past interpretation is certain, such as some conditionals and other modal contexts. Since this subordinate lexical item is often licensed in the context of past situations denoted by their respective main clauses, it seems indeed better accounted for by this recent agreement proposal. That analysis, however, still leaves open the question of what this morpheme agrees with, and this is even more intriguing when it occurs fully separated from past situations. Alternatively, the approach taken in Pratas (2021) identifies a common point between (i) and (ii): all these structures denote situations with a low degree of accessibility from the speaker’s perspective. This (in)accessibility is perceived in terms of time: in the first case, we cannot go back to the past; in the second case, external factors may (have) provide(d) an (in)accessible time location. The main goal of this paper then is to further defend this novel insight on that apparent mismatch, which can bring clues to similar problems crosslinguistically.
Very …. extracted
Authors: Poletto Cecilia , Poletto Cecilia
Published: November 2021

In this paper we consider cases of extraction of the degree word molto “very, much” from its modifier position within an AdjP (Giusti 2010a; b; Poletto 2014) in Old Italian. Such cases are reminiscent of Left Branch Extractions (LBE; Ross 1967), but, differently from what happens with adverb extraction in Slavic (Talić 2017), the conditions under which molto-extraction is possible are very restricted: molto can be extracted only when the AdjP is (or modifies a nominal expression) in post-copular predicative position but not outside a fully-fledged DP. We propose that the reason why the structure is so restricted has to do with the presence/absence of a phase boundary, while the reason why this has been lost in modern Italian is the loss of the target position in the CP layer. This allows us to show that the loss of the Verb Second property (V2) in Italian has fine-grained consequences in unexpected domains like quantifier extraction.
Comprehension and production of non-canonical word orders in Mandarin-speaking child heritage speakers
Authors: Hao Jiuzhou , Chondrogianni Vasiliki
Published: November 2021

Across languages, structures with non-canonical word order have been shown to be problematic for both child and adult heritage speakers. To investigate the linguistic and child-level factors that modulate heritage speakers’ difficulties with non-canonical word orders, we examined the comprehension and production of three Mandarin non-canonical structures in 5- to 9-year-old Mandarin-English heritage children and compared them to age-matched Mandarin-speaking monolingual children and adults. Specifically, we examined how linguistic properties, such as linear word order, presence or absence of morphosyntactic cues, and surface structural overlap between languages, as well as child-level factors, such as chronological age and current home language use affect the acquisition of non-canonical structures in heritage children and their monolingual peers. Results showed that although heritage children could use morphosyntactic cues, they did not show monolingual-level sensitivity to passive-related morphology. Additionally, children produced more canonical SVO word order, which is shared between English and Mandarin, and preferred the reverse interpretations of non-canonical structures in comprehension. These responses were taken as evidence for cross-linguistic influence from the majority to the minority language. Finally, although non-canonical structures caused difficulties for child heritage speakers, their performance was modulated by structure and improved with age, over and above heritage language use.
A six degree-of-freedom fused silica seismometer: design and tests of a metal prototype
Authors: Ubhi Amit Singh , Smetana Jiri , Zhang Teng , Cooper Sam , Prokhorov Leonid , Bryant John , Hoyland David , Miao Haixing , Martynov Denis
Published: November 2021

Ground vibrations couple to the longitudinal and angular motion of the aLIGO test masses and limit the observatory sensitivity below 30 Hz. Novel inertial sensors have the potential to improve the aLIGO sensitivity in this band and simplify the lock acquisition of the detectors. In this paper, we experimentally study a compact 6D seismometer that consists of a mass suspended by a single wire. The position of the mass is interferometrically read out relative to the platform that supports the seismometer. We present the experimental results, discuss limitations of our metallic prototype, and show that a compact 6D seismometer made out of fused silica and suspended with a fused silica fibre has the potential to improve the aLIGO low frequency noise.
Extended study on the application of the sextic potential in the frame of X(3)-sextic
Authors: Oulne M , Tagdamte I
Published: November 2021

The main aim of the present paper is to extensively study the γ-rigid Bohr Hamiltonian with anharmonic sextic oscillator potential for the variable β and γ = 0. For the corresponding spectral problem, a finite number of eigenvalues are explicitly found, by algebraic means, the so-called quasi-exact solvability (QES). The evolution of the spectral and electromagnetic properties by considering higher exact solvability orders is investigated, especially the approximate degeneracy of the ground and first two β bands at the critical point of the shape phase transition from a harmonic to an anharmonic prolate β-soft, as well as the shape evolution within an isotopic chain. The numerical results are given for 39 nuclei, namely, 98–108Ru, 100–102Mo, 116–130Xe, 180–196Pt, 172Os, 146–150Nd, 132–134Ce, 152–154Gd, 154–156Dy, 150–152Sm, 190Hg and 222Ra. Across this study, it seems that the higher QES order improves our results by decreasing the root mean square, mostly for deformed nuclei. The nuclei 100,104Ru, 118,120,126,128Xe, 148Nd and 172Os fall exactly at the critical point.
NiCo2S4 nanosheets decorated on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres as advanced electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Bei , Xie Ling , Liu Yanping , Yao Dongrui , Yao Lei , Deng Libo
Published: November 2021

Taking advantage of both Faradaic and carbonaceous materials is an efficient way to synthesize composite electrodes with enhanced performance for supercapacitors. In this study, NiCo2S4 nanoflakes were grown on the surface of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (NHCSs), forming a NiCo2S4/NHCS composite with a core–shell structure. This three-dimensionally confined growth of NiCo2S4 can effectively inhibit its aggregation and facilitate mass transport and charge transfer. Accordingly, the NiCo2S4/NHCS composite exhibited high cycling stability with only 9.2% capacitance fading after 10 000 cycles, outstanding specific capacitance of 902 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and it retained 90.6% of the capacitance at 20 A g−1. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor composed of NiCo2S4/NHCS and activated carbon electrodes delivered remarkable energy density (31.25 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1), excellent power density (15003 W kg−1 at 21.88 Wh kg−1), and satisfactory cycling stability (13.4% capacitance fading after 5000 cycles). The outstanding overall performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the NiCo2S4 shell and NHSC core, which endows the composite with a stable structure, high electrical conductivity, abundant active reaction sites, and short ion-transport pathways. The synthesized NiCo2S4/NHCS composite is a competitive candidate for the electrodes of high-performance supercapacitors.
Novel melamine-based porous organic polymers: synthesis, characterizations, morphology modifications, and their applications in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Wang Jiaxing , Sun Miao , Wang Yu , Zhao Runing , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Yanfei
Published: November 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices in the next generation. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously hinder the practical application of Li–S batteries. In this paper, a novel porous organic polymer (HUT3) was prepared based on the polycondensation between melamine and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate. The micro morphology of HUT3 was improved by in situ growth on different mass fractions of rGO (5%, 10%, 15%), and the obtained HUT3-rGO composites were employed as sulfur carriers in Li–S batteries with promoted the sulfur loading ratio and lithium-ion mobility. Attributed to the synergistic effect of the chemisorption of polar groups and the physical constraints of HUT3 structure, HUT3-rGO/S electrodes exhibits excellent capacity and cyclability performance. For instance, HUT3-10rGO/S electrode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 950 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and retains a high capacity of 707 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C. This work emphasizes the importance of the rational design of the chemical structure and opens up a simple way for the development of cathode materials suitable for high-performance Li–S batteries.
Teaching kinematics via arduino based STEM education material
Authors: Çoban Atakan , Erol Mustafa
Published: November 2021

The present study reports an Arduino-based STEM education material that resolves the kinematics of a moving object, specifically focusing on two dimensional motion of the object. Throughout the work, a sample application that can be prepared in a classroom where students are active and including the acquisitions of Technology, Engineering, Physics and Mathematics in a single educational environment. In the study, instantaneous time dependence of the displacements, namely x(t) and y(t) components and the resultant R(t) component, are experimentally measured on a vehicle by using an Arduino UNO, distance sensors and Bluetooth sensor prepared within the scope of a STEM education approach. The ratios between those measured physical quantities and theoretical estimations are found to be %13.1 for the position, %1.4 for the velocity and %7.8 for the acceleration. The error rate of the data was accepted to be reasonable considering highly economical teaching materials.
Quench position reconstruction through harmonic field analysis in superconducting magnets
Authors: Mariotto S , Sorbi M
Published: November 2021

The performances of superconducting magnets for particle accelerators are limited by instabilities or disturbances which lead to the transition of the superconducting material to the normal resistive state and the activation of the quench protection system to prevent damage to the magnet. To locate the position of the state transition, voltage taps or quench antennas are the most commonly used technologies for their reliability and accuracy. However, during the production phase of a magnet, the number of voltage taps is commonly reduced to simplify the construction process and quench antennas are generally used only for dipoles or quadrupoles to limit the antenna design complexity. To increase the accuracy in the reconstruction of the quench event position, a novel method, suitable for magnets with independent superconducting coils and quench protected without the use of quench heaters, is proposed in this paper. This method, based on standard magnetic measurement techniques for field harmonic analysis, can locate the position of the superconductor transition inside the magnet after the quench event when the magnet has been discharged. Analyzing the not allowed harmonics produced in the field quality at zero current, the position of the quenched coils can be retrieved for any magnet orders without increasing the complexity of the dedicated measurement technique.
Controllable rectification on the irreversible strain limit of 2G HTS coated conductors
Authors: Su Xiyang , Huang Zhiting , Liu Cong , Zhang Xingyi
Published: November 2021

The second generation high-temperature superconducting coated conductors (CCs) have excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and are extensively used in superconducting devices such as fault current limiters, magnets and motors. During the operation of these superconducting devices, superconducting CCs inevitably bear the combination of electromagnetic force and thermal mismatch stress, resulting in straining of YBa2Cu3O7−

δ
(YBCO) layer along the tape length. It is well known that the strains of superconducting CCs cause degradation of critical current (I
c). Generally, the irreversible strain limit (

ε

irr

) is used to characterize the phenomenon that I
c of superconducting CCs degrades with axial strain. When the axial strain of superconducting CCs is less than

ε

irr

, I
c can be reversibly recovered by over 99% after being unloaded. Therefore,

ε

irr

is a key parameter for the design and application of superconducting CC devices. For this reason, to carry out a practical engineering method for improving

ε

irr

of superconducting CCs has become a challenge and aroused interests among researchers. This study is based on the idea of precompression. A 316LN stainless steel tape was pretensioned at 77 K to improve its elastic strain limit. Then, two superconducting CCs were soldered onto both surfaces of pretensioned stainless steel tape respectively. As a result,

ε

irr

of the superconducting CCs can be controlled manually with different precompressions. Taking YBCO CCs produced by SuperPower Inc. as an example, the measurement results show that the

ε

irr

of the YBCO CCs increased from 0.39% to 0.73%. Meanwhile, the thickness of the sample did not increase more than once.
Transverse distribution of critical current density in Ag-sheathed Ba1−

x
K
x
Fe2As2 tapes
Authors: Yang Peng , Huang He , Han Meng , Guo Wenwen , Tu Chang , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Xianping , Ma Yanwei
Published: November 2021

The Ag-sheathed Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 (Ba-122) monofilamentary tapes were prepared by the ex-situ powder-in-tube method. The variation of the microstructure and superconducting properties with the thickness of the superconducting core in the cross-section of sintered tapes is studied. At the same time, the reason is studied in comparison with the unsintered tapes. The research results show that the magnetic J
c of the iron-based superconducting tapes increases continuously with distance from the core-sheath interface, which is the complete opposite of the Bi-based superconductor. The magnetic J
c of central layers for final Ba-122 tapes is about 33% higher than the Jc
of the whole tape at 4.2 K and 7 T. We have found that the center of the superconducting core shows higher hardness and better texture. In addition, it is also found that there is a reaction layer at the Ag-superconductor interface. These reasons may result in the reduction of the critical current density near the interface in the tapes. Moreover, we also found the presence of a reaction layer in the hot-pressed (HP) high-performance samples. However, no unevenness was found in the unsintered samples. Therefore, the superconductivity of Ba-122 tapes will be better by reducing the reaction layer and eliminating inhomogeneity at the core-sheath interface of the sintered tapes.
Predicting ferromagnetism and thermoelectric characteristics in bulk spinels ZnCr2X4 (X = S, Se) using density functional theory
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Ramay Shahid M , Al-Masry Waheed , Al-Zahrani Ateyah A
Published: November 2021

To have control over the properties of electronic devices with the help of the spin of electrons is considered an amalgamation field of innovative technology. The thermoelectric and ferro-magnetic characteristics of bulk ZnCr2X4 (X = S, Se) spinels have been investigated by the BoltzTraP and WIEN2k codes. The optimization of the fully relaxed structures has been performed by PBE generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exposure of ground state parameters and our calculated results of lattice constant represent a reasonable agreement with experimental values. The comparative analysis of the energies that emerged fromnonmagnetic and ferromagnetic states using PBE-GGA shows that the state is the ferromagnetic. The modified Becke-Johnson local density approximation (mBJLDA) has been brought into use for the computation of the density of states (DOS) and precise band structures (BS), which authenticates the ferromagnetic semiconducting behavior. Further, the calculation of exchange splitting energies, John-Teller energy, and crystal field energy explored the origin of ferromagnetism. The strong hybridization resulting in decomposition in Cr, the magnetic moment and creates the magnetic moments at the nonmagnetic sites. Consequently, the thermoelectric characteristichas been explored by the BoltzTraP code that reveals that the increasing temperature increases the power factor, the thermal conductivity, and the electrical conductivity whereas the Seebeck coefficient reduces with it. However, the compounds in our study prove to be suitable for being used in thermoelectric devices for alternative energy resources.
Tunneling dynamics in cosmological bounce models
Authors: Bojowald Martin , Jones Brenda
Published: November 2021

Quasiclassical methods are used to define dynamical tunneling times in
models of quantum cosmological bounces. These methods provide relevant new
information compared with the traditional treatment of quantum tunneling by
means of tunneling probabilities. As shown here, the quantum dynamics in
bounce models is not secure from reaching zero scale factor, re-opening the
question of how the classical singularity may be avoided. Moreover, in the
examples studied here, tunneling times remain small even for large barriers,
highlighting the quantum instability of underlying bounce models.
Intracortical probe arrays with silicon backbone and microelectrodes on thin polyimide wings enable long-term stable recordings in vivo
Authors: Kilias Antje , Lee Yu-Tao , Froriep Ulrich P , Sielaff Charlotte , Moser Dominik , Holzhammer Tobias , Egert Ulrich , Fang Weileun , Paul Oliver , Ruther Patrick
Published: November 2021

Objective. Recording and stimulating neuronal activity across different brain regions requires interfacing at multiple sites using dedicated tools while tissue reactions at the recording sites often prevent their successful long-term application. This implies the technological challenge of developing complex probe geometries while keeping the overall footprint minimal, and of selecting materials compatible with neural tissue. While the potential of soft materials in reducing tissue response is uncontested, the implantation of these materials is often limited to reliably target neuronal structures across large brain volumes. Approach. We report on the development of a new multi-electrode array exploiting the advantages of soft and stiff materials by combining 7-µm-thin polyimide wings carrying platinum electrodes with a silicon backbone enabling a safe probe implantation. The probe fabrication applies microsystems technologies in combination with a temporal wafer fixation method for rear side processing, i.e. grinding and deep reactive ion etching, of slender probe shanks and electrode wings. The wing-type neural probes are chronically implanted into the entorhinal-hippocampal formation in the mouse for in vivo recordings of freely behaving animals. Main results. Probes comprising the novel wing-type electrodes have been realized and characterized in view of their electrical performance and insertion capability. Chronic electrophysiological in vivo recordings of the entorhinal-hippocampal network in the mouse of up to 104 days demonstrated a stable yield of channels containing identifiable multi-unit and single-unit activity outperforming probes with electrodes residing on a Si backbone. Significance. The innovative fabrication process using a process compatible, temporary wafer bonding allowed to realize new Michigan-style probe arrays. The wing-type probe design enables a precise probe insertion into brain tissue and long-term stable recordings of unit activity due to the application of a stable backbone and 7-µm-thin probe wings provoking locally a minimal tissue response and protruding from the glial scare of the backbone.
Electrical Bioimpedance Phase Angle and Sarcopenia Diagnostic in Functional Elderly
Authors: Villada-Gómez J S , González-Correa C H , Pineda-Zuluaga M C
Published: November 2021

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) directly measures the phase angle (PA). PA has been associated with nutritional parameters, strength, and muscle mass, emerging as a possible and novel diagnostic marker of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to establish PA cut off points for diagnosing sarcopenia in functional elderly from Colombia. 255 volunteers were analyzed. PA measurements taken by BIA were used, and the level of correlation with hand grip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was established. In men and women, PA had a direct correlation with SMMI (p=0.010; r=0.252) (p=0.003; r=0.237) and with HGS (p=0.038; r=0.206,) (p=0.019; r=0.190) respectively. We used different statistical approach to stablish various cut off points with their sensitivities and specificities. The ROC curves and areas under curve were elaborated (0.91 in men and 0.56 in women). 6.12 ° in men and 5.74 ° in women are proposed as cut off points to diagnose sarcopenia, with good performance in men and less adequate performance in women, demonstrating the differences in body composition according to sex even within the same population and the need for further studies to relate these cut-off points with functional outcomes.
The existence of epiphyte on thallus Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyceae) in varying depths cultivated with vertical net method
Authors: Wati N , Kasim M , Salwiyah
Published: November 2021

The existence of macroepiphyte is one of the issues seaweed farmers often face. This research aims to explore the existence of macroepiphyte attached to seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum at varying depths using vertical net method. Research found that the highest and the lowest velocity of macroepiphyte on day -10 in the depth of 50 cm and 200 cm is 248,4 and 121,28 ind/m2/day. On day-20, in the depth of 100 cm and 200 cm is 333,54 and 270,01 ind/m2/day. The most dominating macroepiphyte in the attachment velocity is C. Crasa. Physical and chemical parameter showed around 29o-30oC. Current velocity 0,050-0,067 m/sec. Brightness 92%. Salinity 30-33‰. Nitrate 0,237-0,0416 mg/L. Phosphate 0,0015-0,0036 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen 5,7-6,2 mg/L. The obtained optimum environmental parameter and the type of the macroepiphyte attachment did not show any significant negative effect to the growth of E. denticulatum.
Heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu) in the long whiskered catfish (Mystus gulio Hamilton, 1822) in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari K O , Sulistiono S , Effendi H
Published: November 2021

Anthropogenic activities such as industrial, domestic, and shipping are the main contributors to the entry of heavy metals into the Banten Bay and the surrounding areas. This research was conducted from August to October 2020 in the coastal waters of Bojonegara, Banten Bay. This study aims to estimate the accumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb and, Cu) contained in long whiskered catfish (Mystus gulioHamilton, 1822) and to determine the tolerance limit for consumption the fish in the Bojonegara coastal waters of Banten Bay. Fish samples were taken using the purposive sampling once per month. Based on the analysis, the heavy metal content in the fish meat were <0.001 mg/kg (Hg), <0.005 mg/kg (Cd), <0.030 mg/kg (Pb) and 0.699-10.920 mg/kg (Cu); the values were less than NADFC of Indonesia (2018) and the Regulation of the Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia 382/1989 with a standard of 0.500 mg/kg (Hg), 0.100 mg/kg (Cd), 0.200 mg/kg (Pb), 20 mg/kg (Cu). The fish caught in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay have moderate to high accumulation levels of Copper (Cu). The safety level forMystus guliois 16.03 kg fish/week (for adults) and 4.81 kg fish/week (for children).
The level of preparedness of trained labor in marine and fisheries sectors towards globalization
Authors: Pramoda R , Muliawan I , Apriliani T , Witomo C M , Yulisti M , Arthatiani F Y , Putri N P S
Published: November 2021

Building the quality of the workforce in the marine and fisheries sector through formal education is a strategic step to improve the quality of human resources to support the national economy. Workers with skills and competency are capital in increasing economic growth. This study aims to examine the readiness of trained workforces in the marine and fisheries sector in the globalization era, especially in Industry Era 4.0. This study employs qualitative analysis with a case study approach and is represented descriptively. The results show that almost all graduates of marine and fisheries vocational schools were employed. However, some findings are discovered: 1) lack of practice facilities in vocational schools; 2) lack of ability of graduates of foreign language vocational schools; 3) the internship program for prospective trained workers, especially in foreign industries, has not been facilitated by the government. Some recommendations should be considered: 1) allocate a higher budget to add or improve facilities and infrastructure, 2) increase hours of study on foreign language skills or invite professional native teachers to improve foreign language skills, and 3) promote cooperation with foreign industry to manage internship programs abroad before entering the industry.
Population structure of lamp shells (Brachiopoda: Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801) in Aceh Northern Shore, Indonesia
Authors: Octavina C , Ulfah M , Nurfadillah N , Agustina S , Niwatana J , Al-Ihsan M T , Irsyad M
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the population structure of Lingula sp. in the Aceh northern shore. This research uses purposive sampling method where the sampling locations at Ujong Pancu beach, Kuala Cangkoi beach, Syiah Kuala beach and Alue Naga beach. Sampling was carried out using a quadratic transect (1x1 m) with three stations at each location. The results showed that there is one type of Brachiopods, namely the genus Lingula (Bruguière 1791), species Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 which are scattered on the north coast of Aceh. Overall, the abundance of L. anatina was quite high at each location, especially at Kuala Cangkoi beach (2.43 ind/m2), while the lowest abundance was found at Ujong Pancu beach (1,11 ind/m2). In addition, it was also found that L. anatina had a similarity distribution on the Aceh northern shore. The existence of L. anatina on the Aceh northern shore is very dependent on good environmental conditions, in general, the quality of the waters of Aceh northern shore is still within the tolerance limits of these biota. Therefore, population structure of L. anatina is stable, so that this biota resource must continue to be considered and managed properly.
Small scale tuna fisheries profiles in the Indonesia archipelagic waters
Authors: Muawanah U , Arthatiani F Y , Soedjarwo P A , Kurniasari N , Sari Y D , Zulham A , Koeshenderajana S , Hikmah H
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is one of the largest tuna producers in the world, which contributes 16% to world tuna production. The dominant tuna species catched in Indonesia are Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga), Madidihang/Yellowfin Tuna (T. albacares), Big Eye Tuna (T. obesus) dan Southern Bluefin Tuna (T. maccoyii). The tuna fisheries have contributed significant jobs or livelihood to the coastal communities. Profit and revenue sharing is a common remuneration system found on tuna fisheries though out Indonesia. However, these fishers are vulnerable given their economic and welfare conditions and of usually limited options of others livelihood. Small fishers have limited access to livelihoods, access to finance and access to skills or fishing technology. Therefore, the inclusion of socio-economic performance or indicators into the tuna fisheries management is crucial in Indonesia.
Identification of Vibrio spp. causing vibriosis in spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus L.) in Bengkulu marine temporary shelter ponds
Authors: Wibowo R H , Sipriyadi  , Darwis W , Susianti N , Yudha S P , Rosianti N
Published: November 2021

Spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is one of the export commodities of the Indonesian fisheries subsector and an important component for shrimp fisheries in Indonesia. In the development of lobster cultivation, there are several obstacles, the presence of vibriosis infection caused by the pathogenic Vibrio bacteria. This study aimed to identify Vibrio spp. bacteria in spiny lobsters (P. homarus) reared in the marine cultivation ponds, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Clinical symptoms of lobsters infected with vibriosis are red spots on the uropod, pleopod, and abdominal parts. Bacterial isolation was conducted by isolated some internal organs in spiny lobsters, that are, gills, stomachs, haemolymph, and hepatopancreas. The result showed there are 5 isolates of Vibrio bacteria that coded by IN3, ST2, HA1, HP2, and HP3. These bacteria isolates were identified through their colony morphology and biochemical tests. Characterization on the Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) medium showed that lobsters were infected with Vibrio species. Based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Austin and Austin, the identification results showed that HA1 isolate was identified as Vibrio algynolyticus, IN3 isolate was identified as V. anguillarum, ST2 was identified as V. ordalii, HP2 in first lobster was identified as with V. algynolyticus that mostly in the hepatopancreas, and HP3 was identified as V. splendidus
Improvement on small-scale tuna fisheries data quality through the application of e-logbook system
Authors: Raup S A , Patmiarsih S , Juniar R D , Setyadji B
Published: November 2021

Tuna and tuna-like fisheries play a vital role in Indonesian livelihood, especially in the archipelagic waters. However, despite the importance, the concern in general data collection activities for tuna, i.e., limited, with incomplete scientific knowledge and insufficient data has hampered the assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyse on how fisheries-dependent data system could transform the data quality. E-logbook has the best attribute for reaching the goals, especially for small-scale tuna fisheries. Characterised by low cost and vast spatial and temporal coverage, it is convinced on why the program should be expanded and monitored carefully. Analysis on fisheries indicators showed a promising result, especially for filling the gap which could not be covered by research.
The waters transparency model of Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Adhar S , Barus T A , Nababan E S N , Wahyuningsih H
Published: November 2021

Lake Laut Tawar in Aceh Province, Indonesia is an important ecosystem that has several endemic biotas such as Rasbora tawarensis and Poropuntius bargensis. Eutrophication is a potential problem in Lake Laut Tawar. To evaluate the trophic state needed the value of water transparency. This study aims to formulate a model for estimating the transparency of Lake Laut Tawar waters. The dependent variable was water transparency, and the predictors variable was the chlorophyll-a concentration, total suspended solids, and total dissolved solids. Observations and sampling were conduct starting from October 2016 to September 2017. Data analysis was using simple regression, multiple regression, and one-way ANOVA. The result showed a decrease in waters transparency (SD) was caused by increased phytoplankton density (Chl-a), suspended material (TSS), and dissolved material (TDS). But the dissolved matter did not have a partial effect if the values of other variables are constant. The model to estimate the water transparency of Lake Laut Tawar is Log SD = 1.414 – 0.322 Log Chl-a – 0.406 Log TSS. The average values of water transparency did no differential between the seven observation stations. It is presumably because the waters of Lake Laut Tawar are easily mixed.
The condition of reef fish (family Chaetodontidae) in Krueng Raya and Ujong Pancu waters, Aceh Besar District
Authors: Octavina C , Ulfah M , Fazillah M R , Agustiar M , Razi N M , Sakinah R
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the condition of reef fish of the Chaetodontidae family in Krueng Raya and Ujong Pancu waters, Aceh Besar District. The study was conducted in October 2019, where six observation locations were representing the two regions. Fish observations were carried out using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. The results of the study found four genera of Chaetodontidae fish consisting of 21 species. Benteng Inong Balee Station is the location with the highest number of individuals and species of Chaetodontidae fish, 38 individuals belonging to 11 species. On the other hand, Lhok Mee Station is the location with the least number of individuals and species of Chaetodontidae fish found, only 13 individuals belonging to 6 species. The highest abundance of Chaetodontidae fish was found at Ahmad Rhang Mayang Station (521.11 ind/ha). Meanwhile, the least abundance of Chaetodontidae fish was found at Lhok Mee Station, ( 115.38 ind/ha). The number of species, Krueng Raya waters have a higher number of Chaetodontidae fish species than Ujong Pancu waters. On the other hand, the abundance value Ujong Pancu waters have a higher average abundance value of Chaetodontidae fish than Krueng Raya waters. Overall, based on the biological index, the community structure of reef fish of the Chaetodontidae is still stable. Compared to previous study, the present study shows that, within a period of 6 years, the condition of Chaetodontidae fish in Aceh Besar waters has increased in the number of species, abundance, and diversity of fish.
Spatial distribution and structure of plankton in Paminggir Swamp of the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Yunandar Y , Effendi H , Widiatmaka W , Setiawan Y
Published: November 2021

Plankton is a biota community that is able to adapt and serve as natural food for fish. This study aims to analyze the structure of the plankton community and its spatial distribution so that this research can be used as information for swamp aquaculture. This research was conducted in July and August 2019. Sampling was done at ten stations by considering the duration of inundation. The method used was quantitative exploration and inverse distance weighting (IDW). The results showed that the swamp waters of Paminggir and Danau Panggang had the highest abundance of phytoplankton (850 cells/liter), the lowest in Ambahai (150 cells/liter) in July and Bararawa (180 cells/liter) in August 2019. Zooplankton (10 cells/liter) has been identified in Jenamas with the lowest abundance, and the highest (70 cells/liter) in Babirik in August 2019. Bacillariophyceae was dominate with relative abundance of 53% species and the most zooplankton comes from Protozoa by 50%. The range of index values of diversity, evenness and dominance of phytoplankton were 1.79 to 0.21 while zooplankton were 0.46 to 0.72. Phytoplankton with appropriate abundances are spatially distributed in the western part of the swamp along the Ambahai and Babirik while the spatial distribution of the abundance of zooplankton properties clustered in the middle and southern of the swamp. Water quality parameters of the nitrate ranged 0.13 – 0.25 mg/l and phosphate ranged 0.12 – 0.52 mg/l.
The effect Calotropis gigantea leaf extract on eggs hatchability and survival of Barbonymus gonionotus larvae
Authors: Arisa I I , Fitriani F , Agustina S , Karina S , Devira C N
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the Calotropis gigantea extract against hatchability of Barbonymus gonionotus eggs infected with pathogenic fungi. The research was conducted at Fish Seeds Center Krueng Batee, Aceh Barat Daya district, from July to August 2020. Statistical analysis used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 6 treatment and 3 replications for each treatment. The treatments were carried out by immersing the Barbonymus gonionotus eggs into C. gigantea leaf extrcact. Namely Control (without extract), A (400 ppm extract), B (800 ppm extract), C (1200 ppm extract), D (1600 ppm extract), and E (2000 ppm extract). ANOVA test results showed that the addition of C. gigantea leaf extract had asignificant effect (P<0.05) on hatchability and survival of B. gonionotus larvae. The best treatment was achieved at the C treatment (800 ppm extract) with 88 % hatching rate and 92,54 % survival rate. From the results of this study, it is known that using C. gigantea leaf extract can increase the hatchability of B. gonionotus fish eggs infected with the Saprolegnia sp. pathogen, which means it can also increase the production of fish seeds.