bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using an Intelligent Automation Software
Authors: Federau Christian , Hainc Nicolin , Edjlali Myriam , Zhu Guangming , Mastilovic Milica , Nierobisch Nathalie , Uhlemann Jan-Philipp , Paganucci Silvio , Granziera Cristina , Heinzlef Olivier , Kipp Lucas B. , Wintermark Max
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. Automation of low-level tasks could enhance the radiologist in this work. We evaluate the intelligent automation software Jazz in a blinded three centers study, for the assessment of new, slowly expanding, and contrast-enhancing MS lesions

Methods

In three separate centers, 117 MS follow-up MRIs were blindly analyzed on FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), pre- and post-Gadolinium T1-weighted images using Jazz by 2 neuroradiologists in each center. The reading time was recorded. The ground truth was defined in a second reading by side-by-side comparison of both reports from Jazz and the standard clinical report. The number of described new, slowly expanding, and contrast-enhancing lesions described with Jazz was compared to the lesions described in the standard clinical report.

Results

A total of 96 new lesions from 41 patients and 162 slowly expanding lesions (SELs) from 61 patients were described in the ground truth reading. A significantly larger number of new lesions were described using Jazz compared to the standard clinical report (63 versus 24). No SELs were reported in the standard clinical report, while 95 SELs were reported on average using Jazz. A total of 4 new contrast-enhancing lesions were found in all reports. The reading with Jazz was very time efficient, taking on average 2min33sec ± 1min0sec per case. Overall inter-reader agreement for new lesions between the readers using Jazz was moderate for new lesions (Cohen kappa=0.5) and slight for SELs (0.08).

Discussion

The quality and the productivity of neuroradiological reading of MS follow-up MRI scans can be significantly improved using a dedicated software such as Jazz.
Improved SARS-CoV-2 neutralization of Delta and Omicron variants of concern after fourth vaccination in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Cheng Cho-Chin , Platen Louise , Christa Catharina , Tellenbach Myriam , Kappler Verena , Bester Romina , Liao Bo-Hung , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Werz Maia , Schönhals Emely , Platen Eva , Eggerer Peter , Tréguer Laëtitia , Küchle Claudius , Schmaderer Christoph , Heemann Uwe , Renders Lutz , Protzer Ulrike , Braunisch Matthias Christoph
Published: June 2022

Background

Hemodialysis patients are exposed to a markedly increased risk when infected with SARS-CoV-2. To date it is unclear if hemodialysis patients benefit from a fourth vaccination.

Methods

A total of 142 hemodialysis patients (median age 72.6 years, 33.8% female) received four COVID-19 vaccinations between December 2020 and March 2022. RDB binding antibody titers were determined in a competitive surrogate neutralization assay. Vero-E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (B.1.1.529, sub lineage BA.1) in a biosafety level 3 laboratory to determine serum infection neutralization capacity before and after vaccination.

Results

After the fourth vaccination serum infection neutralization capacity significantly increased from a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50, serum dilution factor 1:x) of 247.0 (46.3-1560.8) to 2560.0 (1174.0-2560.0) for the Delta VoC, and from 37.5 (20.0-198.8) to 668.5 (182.2-2560.0) for the Omicron VoC (each p<0.001). A significant increase of the neutralization capacity was even observed for patients who had high antibody titers after three vaccinations (p<0.001). Univariate regression analysis indicated immunosuppressive medication (p=0.001) and hepatitis B vaccination non-response (p=0.046), and multivariate analysis immunosuppressive medication as the only factor associated with a reduced effect against Delta (p<0.001). Ten patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection before the fourth vaccination had by trend lower prior neutralization capacity for Omicron (p=0.051).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that hemodialysis patients benefit from a fourth vaccination in particular in the light of the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. A routinely applied four-time vaccination seems to broaden immunity against variants and would be recommended in hemodialysis patients.
Synthesis, X-ray structure, antimicrobial activity, DFT and molecular docking studies of N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide
Authors: Çakmak Şükriye , Demircioğlu Zeynep , Uzun Serap , Veyisoğlu Aysel , Yakan Hasan , Ersanli Cem Cüneyt
Published: June 2022

In the present study, N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide, C10H9NOS2, (I), was obtained by the reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and thiophen-2-ylmethanamine. Characterization of (I) was carried out using X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) theoretical level was successfully applied to calculate the optimized geometry and the local and global chemical activity parameters. The results obtained show good agreement between the experimental and theoretical geometrical parameters. The local and global chemical activity parameters were examined to determine the electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in (I). The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of (I) gives an efficient methodology for investigating the inter- and intramolecular bonding, as well as giving a convenient basis for investigating charge transfer or conjugative interactions in molecular systems. Also, the antimicrobial activity of (I) was investigated against eight microorganisms using the microdilution method and it is found to have an effective antibacterial activity. In addition, molecular docking studies were calculated in order to understand the nature of the binding of (I) with a lung cancer protein (PDB entry 1x2j).
Nonlinear parametric simulation by proper generalized decomposition on the example of a synchronous machine
Authors: Müller Fabian , Baumanns Paul , Nell Martin Marco , Hameyer Kay
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The accurate simulation of electrical machines involves a large number of degrees of freedom. Particularly, if additional parameters such as remanence variations or different operating points have to be analyzed, the computational effort increases fast, known as the “curse of dimensionality.” The purpose of this study is to cope with this effort with the parametric proper generalized decomposition (PGD) as a model order reduction (MOR) technique. It is combined with the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) and adapted to study characteristic electrical machine parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The PGD is an a priori MOR technique. The technique is adapted to incorporate several additional parameters, such as the current excitation or permanent magnet remanence, to overcome the increasing computational effort of parametric studies. Further, it is combined with the DEIM to approximate the nonlinearity of the flux guiding material.

Findings

The parametric version of the PGD in combination with the DEIM is a suitable numerical approach to reduce computational effort of parametric studies, while considering nonlinear materials. The computational reduction is related to the influence of the different parameter variations on the field and on the number of parameters.

Originality/value

The extension of the PGD by several parameters associated with parametric studies of electrical machines enables to cope with the “curse of dimensionality.” The parametric PGD and the standard PGD–DEIM have been individually used to study different problems. The combination of both techniques, the parametric PGD and the DEIM, for nonlinear parametric studies of electrical machines represents the scientific contribution of this research.
A decade of grey systems: theory and application – bibliometric overview and future research directions
Authors: Prakash Surya , Agrawal Anubhav , Singh Ranbir , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Zindani Divya
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Grey Systems: Theory and Application (GSTA) journal started publication in 2011 and completed a decade in 2021. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed bibliometric analysis of the articles published in GSTA and their content primary trends and themes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Web of Science (WoS) database to analyze the content of published articles. A range of bibliometric analyses and indicators are applied to analyze the GSTA article content using science mapping tools of the Bibliometrix package in the R environment.

Findings

The GSTA publishes around 28 articles each year with citations of this work steadily growing over time. The impact of these publications is measured as total mean citations which increased from 0 to 11. The journal has attracted contributors from around the globe, most often affiliated with China, India and Europe. Thematic evolution of the journal's themes reveals that it has expanded its scope to include topics such as relational analysis, decision making, incidence analysis, and forecasting, hybrid grey-fuzzy or grey-rough modeling, etc.

Research limitations/implications

The study is majorly based on GSTA data available on the WoS database.

Originality/value

This study provides the first overview of GSTA's publication and citation trends as well as the evolution of its thematic structure. It also suggests future directions that the journal might take to strengthen its position.
A time to gather stones – barriers to use technologies before the COVID-19 school closures
Authors: Kapuza Anastasiia , Kolygina Daria , Khavenson Tatiana , Koroleva Diana
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The study examines how teachers and school administrative staff perceive external and internal barriers to the implementation of technologies into the teaching process and how teachers and school administrative staff technology readiness is related to these perceptions. These data were used for discussion and construction of an explanatory model.

Design/methodology/approach

The data from 8,188 Russian respondents who took the survey just before the first massive lockdown announcement due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) was used. First, descriptive statistics were shown for two groups: teachers and administrative staff. Second, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to construct external and internal barriers scales. These scales were then used as dependent in a series of regressions with the technology readiness index (TRI) and the respondent role in schools as independent variables.

Findings

Results showed that administrative staff compared to teachers were more likely to select internal barriers related to teachers, while teachers were more likely to choose external obstacles. The technology optimism scale was negative, and negative attitudes toward technologies were positively related to both barriers.

Originality/value

The originality of the study lies in determining the relationship between the technology readiness and choosing barriers perception as well as comparing the sense of responsibility for the introduction of technologies in schools experienced by teachers and administrators.
Spatial diffusion of efficient irrigation systems: a study of São Paulo, Brazil*
Authors: Martínez Daniel Morales , Maia Alexandre Gori , Garcia Junior Ruiz
Published: June 2022

Finding ways to stimulate the diffusion of water‐saving irrigation systems is essential to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on water supply. We analyse the spatial diffusion of more efficient irrigation strategies in São Paulo, Brazil, comparing the two most common irrigation technologies: conventional sprinkler irrigation and the localised irrigation. We use longitudinal municipal‐level information for 2006 and 2017 and test different spatial panel models' specifications, representing different hypotheses about technological transfer channels. Our results highlight how the diffusion of water‐saving irrigation systems (localised irrigation) in one municipality is strongly influenced by the diffusion in neighbouring municipalities. Membership in cooperatives or farmers' associations plays a significant role in this technological transfer. On the other hand, the diffusion of less efficient systems (sprinkler irrigation) depends fundamentally on the local availability of water and unobservable factors in the neighbourhood. The discussion highlights how easing knowledge transmission may contribute to the diffusion of more sustainable agriculture practices.
Social Welfare Provision at the Imperial Edge: Single Mothers and Abandoned Children in the Late Russian Empire
Authors: Hearne Siobhán
Published: June 2022

This article looks to the societal and imperial margins to examine attitudes towards social welfare provision in the final decades of the Russian Empire. Drawing on archival material from the Empire's Estliand province (now northern Estonia), the article focuses on the self‐representation of single mothers and official discussions of abandoned children. Society was in flux in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as rapid industrialisation, urbanisation and rural‐to‐urban migration served to undermine traditional social structures, mentalities and identities. These changes were accompanied by the disruption of the traditional patriarchal gender order, as well shifting ideas about who ought to be responsible for taking care of vulnerable groups. In rural Estliand, Estonian‐speaking unmarried women sought engagement with Russian imperial judicial structures to secure child maintenance. In the early 1900s, anxieties about the social impacts of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation and the development of new currents in philanthropy, meant that care for foundlings and abandoned children became a burning issue in the minds of Estliand's provincial officials. Examining single mothers and child abandonment in Estliand illuminates tensions between empire‐wide and local mechanisms for dealing with social issues, as well as shifting attitudes to gender, the family and charity in light of urbanisation and modernisation.
Validation of reduced volume VeriFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit for buccal swab samples extracted using Prep‐n‐Go™ Buffer
Authors: Perry Jessica , Munshi Tasnim , Haizel Thomas , Iyavoo Sasitaran
Published: June 2022

The efficiency of reduced volume PCR amplification was studied using the VeriFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit. Full (25 μL) and reduced (5 μL) volumes were tested in parallel to identify any differences in template DNA sensitivity and other electropherogram parameters. Both volumes produced full DNA profiles down to 0.08 ng/μL DNA concentration at 26 PCR cycles; however, reduced volume produced higher peak heights due to increased signal intensities. Significant difference (p‐value ≤ 0.05) in heterozygote peak height ratios was observed between both volumes, where the reduced volume threshold was lowered to 0.6 to accommodate all data points. However, no significant difference (p‐value > 0.05) was identified in the stutter ratios between both volumes. The analytical threshold for reduced volume was also determined to be 150 RFU with the presence of template DNA in PCR amplification. When the optimized reduced volume parameters were tested on DNA extracted from buccal swab samples using Prep‐n‐Go™ Buffer, good quality DNA profiles were produced. Overall, the reduced volume not only showed better results compared to the full volume, but also enable more samples to be processed with a PCR amplification kit, thus reduced the cost.
Protective effect of active components of Eucommia ulmoides leaves on gastric ulcers in rats: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Gong Man , Li Qiufang , Guo Hui , Cui Bingdi , Liu Yalin , Wang Ping , Zhu Huiyu , Liu Xiaoqian , Dai Liping , Wang Zhimin
Published: June 2022

Eucommia ulmoides leaves are widely developed as food and medicines in China and Japan. Its main components have anti‐inflammatory properties against gastric ulcers. The purpose of this study was to assess the protective role of an extract derived from the active components of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL 50) against a gastric ulcer and analyze the underlying antiulcer mechanism. The main components of EUL 50 were identified using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to predict the possible mechanism of action of EUL 50 in the treatment of gastric ulcers. The rats received EUL 50 intragastric administration twice a day for 3 days. Hydrochloric acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH) was utilized to induce gastric ulcers, followed by histopathological and histochemical evaluation of the ulcer tissues and determination of the main oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines. The expression of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins was measured. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and so on were identified as the major components of EUL 50 by UPLC. The prediction results identified the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway as the main possible protective mechanism against gastric ulcers. Furthermore, in a dose‐dependent manner, EUL 50 reduced gastric tissue damage. In addition, the high dose of EUL 50 administration resulted in remarkable reductions in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) by 22.64%, 42.61%, 57.78%, and 56.51%, respectively, and suppression of the phosphorylation of Akt, p65, IKKα, and IκBα by 60.87%, 67.65, 74.58%, and 59.57%, respectively, and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. EUL 50 is rich in flavonoids and organic acids that can act on the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway; as a result, oxidative stress and inflammation are considerably reduced, and gastric ulcers caused by HCl/EtOH are reduced.

Practical Application

As a medicinal and food substance, Eucommia ulmoides leaves are widely used in the development of health products. EUL 50, a moderately polar part of E. ulmoides leaves, was obtained by extraction and enrichment and was found to have a better protective effect against HCl/EtOH‐induced gastric ulcers. This finding can enrich the traditional application of E. ulmoides leaves and provide a basis for their health product development.
Synchronous occurrence of different polyp types during colonoscopy
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon , Genta Robert M.
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims

The general probabilities of finding different types of hyperplastic or neoplastic colon lesions clustering in the same patient are unknown. We hypothesised that a systematic analysis of polyp clustering would reveal a high frequency of different concurrent types and that such clustering would be influenced by the underlying histopathology of the individual polyps.

Methods

Using an electronic database of histopathologic records, a cross‐sectional study of 2,910,174 colonoscopies evaluated the concordant occurrence of hyperplastic and neoplastic mucosal lesions.

Results

Amongst patients harbouring any colon polyp, one can expect to find another histopathologic type in about 22%. Being the most prevalent type of polyp, tubular adenoma was the most common type of colonic polyp to be associated with other lesions. For instance, 31% of all colonoscopies with sessile serrated adenomas or hyperplastic polyps also revealed tubular adenomas. Hyperplastic polyp, the second most prevalent type of colonic polyp, was also the second most common type of polyp to be found associated with other types of neoplasia. For instance, 25% of all colonoscopies with sessile serrated adenomas and 31% of those with tubular adenomas also revealed hyperplastic polyps.

Conclusions

Different types of colon polyps commonly coincide in individual patients. The present set of data from a large nationwide database may provide guidance for the endoscopist of what variety in colon polyps to expect during colonoscopy.
α and β catalytic subunits of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase regulate formoterol‐induced inflammatory gene expression changes in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Hamed Omar , Joshi Radhika , Mostafa Mahmoud M. , Giembycz Mark A.
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

It has been proposed that genomic mechanisms contribute to adverse effects often experienced by asthmatic subjects who take regular, inhaled β2‐adrenoceptor agonists as a monotherapy. Moreover, data from preclinical models of asthma suggest that these gene expression changes are mediated by β‐arrestin‐2 rather than PKA. Herein, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the genomic effects of formoterol, a β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, with forskolin in human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC).

Experimental Approach

Gene expression changes were determined by RNA‐sequencing. Gene silencing and genome editing were employed to explore the roles of β‐arrestin‐2 and PKA.

Key Results

The formoterol‐regulated transcriptome in HBEC treated concurrently with TNFα was defined by 1480 unique gene expression changes. TNFα‐induced transcripts modulated by formoterol were annotated with enriched gene ontology terms related to inflammation and proliferation, notably “GO:0070374~positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade,” which is an apparent β‐arrestin‐2 target. However, expression of the formoterol‐ and forskolin‐regulated transcriptomes were highly rank‐order correlated and the effects of formoterol on TNFα‐induced inflammatory genes were abolished by an inhibitor of PKA. Furthermore, formoterol‐induced gene expression changes in BEAS‐2B bronchial epithelial cell clones deficient in β‐arrestin‐2 were comparable with those expressed by their parental counterparts. Contrariwise, gene expression was partially inhibited in clones lacking the α‐catalytic subunit (Cα) of PKA and abolished following the additional knockdown of the β‐catalytic subunit (Cβ) paralogue.

Conclusions

The effects of formoterol on inflammatory gene expression in airway epithelia are mediated by PKA and involve the cooperation of PKA‐Cα and PKA‐Cβ.
Knickpoint morphotectonics of the Middle Shire River basin: Implications for the evolution of rift interaction zones
Authors: Dulanya Zuze , Gallen Sean F. , Kolawole Folarin , Williams Jack N. , Wedmore Luke N. J. , Biggs Juliet , Fagereng Åke
Published: June 2022

Tectonic and paleo‐environmental reconstructions of rift evolution typically rely on the interpretation of sedimentary sequences, but this is rarely possible in early‐stage rifts where sediment volumes are low. To overcome this challenge, we use geomorphology to investigate landscape evolution and the role of different forcing mechanisms during basin development. Here, we focus on the humid Middle Shire River basin, located within the zone of progressive interaction and linkage between the southern Malawi Rift and Shire Rift Zone, East Africa. We used a digital elevation model to map knickpoints and knickpoint morphologies in the Middle Shire River basin and examined the relationships with pre‐rift and syn‐rift structures within the rift interaction zone. The main axial stream, Shire River, descends steeply, 372 m over a 50 km distance, across exposed metamorphic basement along the rift floor, exhibiting a strongly disequilibrated longitudinal elevation profile with both ‘mobile’ and ‘fixed’ knickpoints. In particular, we identify two clusters of mobile knickpoints, which we interpret as associated with baselevel fall events at the downstream end of the exposed basement that triggered knickpoint migration through the fluvial network since at least the Mid. Pleistocene. We infer that after the integration of the axial stream across the Middle Shire Basin, the knickpoints migrate upstream in response to fault‐related subsidence in the Shire Rift Zone. Conversely, the fixed knickpoints are interpreted to reflect local differential bedrock erodibility at lithologic contacts or basement‐hosted fault scarps along the basin floor. The results suggest that Middle Shire basin opening, associated with rift linkage, is likely a recent event (at least Mid. Pleistocene) relative to the Late Oligocene activation of Cenozoic rifting in the East African Rift's Western Branch. These findings support the hypothesis that the Western Branch developed from the gradual propagation, linkage and coalescence of initially nucleated distinct rift basins.
What Could Go Wrong: Adults and Children Calibrate Predictions and Explanations of Others' Actions Based on Relative Reward and Danger
Authors: Gjata Nensi N. , Ullman Tomer D. , Spelke Elizabeth S. , Liu Shari
Published: June 2022

When human adults make decisions (e.g., wearing a seat belt), we often consider the negative consequences that would ensue if our actions were to fail, even if we have never experienced such a failure. Do the same considerations guide our understanding of other people's decisions? In this paper, we investigated whether adults, who have many years of experience making such decisions, and 6‐ and 7‐year‐old children, who have less experience and are demonstrably worse at judging the consequences of their own actions, conceive others' actions as motivated both by reward (how good reaching one's intended goal would be), and by what we call “danger” (how badly one's action could end). In two pre‐registered experiments, we tested whether adults and 6‐ and 7‐year‐old children tailor their predictions and explanations of an agent's action choices to the specific degree of danger and reward entailed by each action. Across four different tasks, we found that children and adults expected others to negatively appraise dangerous situations and minimize the danger of their actions. Children's and adults' judgments varied systematically in accord with both the degree of danger the agent faced and the value the agent placed on the goal state it aimed to achieve. However, children did not calibrate their inferences about how much an agent valued the goal state of a successful action in accord with the degree of danger the action entailed, and adults calibrated these inferences more weakly than inferences concerning the agent's future action choices. These results suggest that from childhood, people use a degree of danger and reward to make quantitative, fine‐grained explanations and predictions about other people's behavior, consistent with computational models on theory of mind that contain continuous representations of other agents' action plans.
Evaluation of the multimorbidity network and its relationship with clinical phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The GALAXIA study
Authors: Figueira‐Gonçalves Juan Marco , Golpe Rafael , Esteban Cristóbal , García‐Bello Miguel Ángel , Blanco‐Cid Nagore , Aramburu Amaia , García‐Talavera Ignacio , Martín‐Martínez María Dolores , Baeza‐Ruiz Adrian , Expósito‐Marrero Andrea
Published: June 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous condition, in which taking into consideration clinical phenotypes and multimorbidity is relevant to disease management. Network analysis, a procedure designed to study complex systems, allows to represent connections between the distinct features found in COPD.

Methods

Network analysis was applied to a cohort of patients with COPD in order to explore the degree of connectivity between different diseases, taking into account the presence of two phenotypic traits commonly used to categorize patients in clinical practice: chronic bronchitis (CB+/CB−) and the history of previous severe exacerbations (Ex+/Ex−). The strength of association between diseases was quantified using the correlation coefficient Phi (ɸ).

Results

A total of 1726 patients were included, and 91 possible links between 14 diseases were established. Although the four phenotypically defined groups presented a similar underlying comorbidity pattern, with special relevance for cardiovascular diseases and/or risk factors, classifying patients according to the presence or absence of CB implied differences between groups in network density (mean ɸ: 0.098 in the CB− group and 0.050 in the CB+ group). In contrast, between‐group differences in network density were small and of questionable significance when classifying patients according to prior exacerbation history (mean ɸ: 0.082 among Ex− subjects and 0.072 in the Ex+ group). The degree of connectivity of any given disease with the rest of the network also varied depending on the selected phenotypic trait. The classification of patients according to the CB−/CB+ groups revealed significant differences between groups in the degree of conectivity between comorbidities. On the other side, grouping the patients according to the Ex−/Ex+ trait did not disclose differences in connectivity between network nodes (diseases).

Conclusions

The multimorbidity network of a patient with COPD differs according to the underlying clinical characteristics, suggesting that the connections linking comorbidities between them vary for different phenotypes and that the clinical heterogeneity of COPD could influence the expression of latent multimorbidity. Network analysis has the potential to delve into the interactions between COPD clinical traits and comorbidities and is a promising tool to investigate possible specific biological pathways that modulate multimorbidity patterns.
Unusual drug reaction with features of colchicine toxicity in a patient on colchicine and allopurinol
Authors: Salari Behzad , Joseph Mallory , Eshaq Milad , Lowe Lori , Fullen Douglas R.
Published: June 2022

A 58‐year‐old woman was admitted for heart failure and concern for cardiogenic shock. The patient had been recently placed on colchicine and allopurinol, 4 months and 3 weeks, respectively, prior to admission. Upon admission, she had a cutaneous eruption that had started abruptly several days after allopurinol initiation. It included multiple erythematous papules with scant scale on the forearms and numerous erythematous papules on the legs. Because of the varied morphologic presentation, biopsies from both the thigh and forearm were performed for a suspected drug reaction. The specimen from the thigh showed a superficial‐dermal, band‐like lymphocytic infiltrate with dyskeratosis and numerous intraepidermal mitotic figures predominantly in metaphase. In addition, there were neutrophils with leukocytoclasia. The specimen from the forearm showed superficial perivascular lymphocytic inflammation and intraepidermal dyskeratosis with mitotic figures similar to the thigh biopsy specimen but without a dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. An unusual drug eruption with features of colchicine toxicity was favored. Colchicine toxicity is not a commonly encountered clinical scenario and cutaneous findings have only rarely been described. Herein we report an exceedingly rare case of an unusual drug reaction with “colchicine figures” (i.e., ring‐shaped mitotic figures arrested in metaphase) consistent with colchicine toxicity.
Staring at Signs: Biology Undergraduates Pay Attention to Signs More Often than Animals at the Zoo
Authors: Heim Ashley B. , Holt Emily A.
Published: June 2022

Free‐choice learning in zoos is often linked to attention, though little is known about what objects undergraduates pay attention to during such experiences. Eye‐tracking equipment can provide measures of behavioral data that visitor observations are not able to capture. Thus, we asked: (1) What aspects of a zoo exhibit do biology undergraduates pay attention to? and (2) Does eye‐tracking behavior differ between introductory and advanced biology students at a single zoo exhibit? While freely exploring a Komodo dragon exhibit during a zoo trip, participating undergraduates wore a pair of eye‐tracking glasses, which recorded gaze and fixations on objects, among other variables. We conducted this qualitative case study with students in three biology courses at one institution at a single zoo exhibit, and thus do not attempt to generalize our findings to general zoo visitors. We found that interpretative signs were the primary focus of attention among our sample of biology undergraduates, and that novice and expert‐like undergraduates sometimes demonstrated different behavioral patterns in what they paid attention to at the zoo. Interestingly, neither novice nor expert‐like students focused more on the Komodo dragon in comparison to other areas of interest in the exhibit.
When is tamponade not an echocardiographic diagnosis… Or is it ever?
Authors: Dragoi Laura , Teijeiro‐Paradis Ricardo , Douflé Ghislaine
Published: June 2022

Although cardiac tamponade remains a clinical diagnosis, echocardiography is an essential tool to detect fluid in the pericardial space. Interpretation of echocardiographic findings and assessment of physiologic and hemodynamic consequences of a pericardial effusion require a thorough understanding of pathophysiologic processes. Certain echocardiographic signs point toward the presence of cardiac tamponade: a dilated inferior vena cava (IVC), collapse of the cardiac chambers, an inspiratory bulge of the interventricular septum into the left ventricle (LV) (the “septal bounce”), and characteristic respiratory variations of Doppler flow velocity recordings. However, in certain circumstances (e.g., mechanical ventilation, post‐surgical patients, and pulmonary hypertension), these echocardiographic signs can be missing, despite the presence of clinical tamponade. Failure to recognize a potentially life‐threatening clinical condition due to the absence of corresponding echocardiographic findings can delay both diagnosis and life‐saving treatment. Thus, in the context of critical care, echocardiography should only be used to confirm the presence of pericardial fluid or localized hematoma, and the diagnosis of tamponade should rely on clinical criteria.
Spontaneous bilateral superficial digital flexor tendon rupture in a horse with guttural pouch empyema and suspected purpura hemorrhagica
Authors: MacKinnon Kimberly J. , Tan Jean‐Yin , Schaal Suzon W. , Davies Jennifer L.
Published: June 2022

Case history

An 11‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was evaluated for urticaria, generalised discomfort, distal limb oedema, spontaneous dropped fetlocks, and progressive hindlimb lameness. Prior infection status with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was unknown.

Clinical findings

The horse had bilateral hindlimb oedema, generalised wheals, progressive hindlimb lameness, and dropped fetlocks of the right and left hindlimbs. The horse was intermittently pyrexic and was ultimately subjected to euthanasia due to deteriorating clinical status.

Diagnosis

Suspected purpura hemorrhagica associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the superficial digital flexor tendons and spontaneous tendon rupture.

Treatment and outcome

The horse was treated with a combination of antibiotic therapy (enrofloxacin and penicillin), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (phenylbutazone) and corticosteroids (dexamethasone), with no improvement in clinical status. The horse was subjected to euthanasia due to poor prognosis and unfavourable response to therapy. Post‐mortem examination revealed unilateral guttural pouch empyema, multifocal cutaneous infarction and bilateral rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendons. Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was isolated in pure culture from the guttural pouch. Microscopically, leukocytoclastic vasculitis typical of purpura hemorrhagica was documented in the skin. Unexpectedly, similar vasculitis was also observed in the superficial digital flexor tendons.

Clinical relevance

This report documents the first equine case of suspected purpura hemorrhagica associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the superficial digital flexor tendons and spontaneous tendon rupture. Spontaneous tendon rupture should be considered a potential sequela to infection with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in horses due to immune‐mediated vasculitis.
Supply chain benefit distribution and economic sustainable development by Shapley model in smart city
Authors: Xu Ziyu
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the Internet, and artificial intelligence, people's consumption patterns have undergone major changes. Consumers' consumption channels are no longer monolithic. A new retail model was born. Additionally, how to improve the revenue of the new retail supply chain and the scientific and reasonable distribution of revenue is particularly important. On this background, the concept of new retail is defined, and the principle of supply chain synergy is analysed. Stackelberg game is used to analyse and determine the optimal selling and wholesale prices of retailers and suppliers in the supply chain. The defects of the traditional supply chain model and the necessity of optimization are further analysed and demonstrated. Because of the traditional retail supply chain, new retail channels are introduced, and the second‐order supply chain is established. New retail channels are added to the supply chain, and the profitability before and after the addition is analysed. Stackelberg game and Shapley value method are used for modelling. Finally, Matlab is used for numerical analysis. The results show that adding new retail channels to the traditional supply chain dominated by suppliers will increase the market share of products. The market share f is positively correlated with the profits of suppliers and retailers. Under the multi‐channel retail model, product demand and supply chain profits are higher than a single channel. The Shapley value method can enable supply chain members to obtain corresponding benefits on their input, thereby achieving a win–win situation for retail supply chain members.
Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Talwar Brendan S. , Anderson Brooke , Avalos‐Castillo Cristopher G. , del Pilar Blanco‐Parra María , Briones Alejandra , Cardeñosa Diego , Carlson John K. , Charvet Patricia , Cotton Charles F. , Crysler Zoe , Derrick Danielle H. , Heithaus Michael R. , Herman Katelyn B. , Koubrak Olga , Kulka David W. , Kyne Peter M. , Lasso‐Alcalá Oscar M. , Mejía‐Falla Paola A. , Morales‐Saldaña Jorge Manuel , Naranjo‐Elizondo Beatriz , Navia Andrés F. , Pacoureau Nathan , Peréz‐Jiménez Juan C. , Pollom Riley A. , Rigby Cassandra L. , Schneider Eric V. C. , Simpson Nikola , Dulvy Nicholas K.
Published: June 2022

Chondrichthyan fishes are among the most threatened vertebrates on the planet because many species have slow life histories that are outpaced by intense fishing. The Western Central Atlantic Ocean, which includes the Greater Caribbean, is a hotspot of chondrichthyan biodiversity and abundance, but has been characterized by extensive shark and ray fisheries and a lack of sufficient data for effective management and conservation. To inform future research and management decisions, we analysed patterns in chondrichthyan extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management engagement in this region. We summarized the extinction risk of 180 sharks, rays and chimaeras, including 66 endemic and 14 near‐endemic species, using contemporary IUCN Red List assessments. Over one‐third (35.6%) were assessed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered, primarily due to overfishing. Reconstructed catches from 1950 to 2016 peaked in 1992, then declined by 40.2% thereafter. The United States, Venezuela and Mexico were responsible for most catches in the region and hosted the largest proportions of the regional distributions of threatened species, largely due to having extensive coastal habitats in their Exclusive Economic Zones. The quantity and taxonomic resolution of fisheries landings data were poor in much of the region, and national‐level regulations varied widely across jurisdictions. Deepwater fisheries represent an emerging threat, although many deepwater chondrichthyans currently have refuge beyond the depths of most fisheries. Regional collaboration as well as effective and enforceable management informed by more complete fisheries data, particularly from small‐scale fisheries, are required to protect and recover threatened species and ensure sustainable fisheries.
Frozen in custody battles: Thawing out a uniform solution for the disposition of frozen embryos at the time of divorce
Authors: DeFilippis Jaime
Published: June 2022

Currently, the United States lacks uniform legislation addressing the disposition of frozen embryos in the event of a divorce, leading state courts to grapple with the issue of who should receive custody of the embryos; even when couples have stated advanced directives. Many state courts have strictly enforced these contracts, without considering the individual's significant change of circumstances. In neglecting these changes, courts often prevent an individual from creating a family. This Note proposes that courts consider the individual's significant change of circumstances regarding infertility so infertile individuals will have the ability to start a family.
A Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) future for Salmon in Maine and California: Salmon at the southern edge
Authors: Kocik John F. , Hayes Sean A. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Cluer Brian
Published: June 2022

North American salmon once ranged from ocean waters near the Arctic Circle southward to southern New England on the Atlantic and Mexico on the Pacific. The colonial and industrial transformation of rivers and oceans have led to extirpation or endangered status of many southern populations. Today, chronic anthropogenic stressors interact with climate change, which means that effective conservation must address changes in transformed ecosystems. Conservation goals are designed to recover both the species and their habitats. While seemingly congruent, habitat and fish management have different timetables due to speed of changes in climate, habitat, and biological processes relative to regulatory processes, habitat restoration, and project implementation. The Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) framework facilitated exploration of ideas and actions to restore suitable conditions for salmon listed under the Endangered Species Act at their southern edge. Creative and big solutions are needed to recover salmon and RAD provided a way to examine conservation options to sustain salmon in an era of change.
Abnormal whisker movements in the 3xTg‐AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Simanaviciute Ugne , Brown Richard E. , Wong Aimee , Fertan Emre , Grant Robyn A.
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent form of dementia in elderly people. The triple transgenic (3xTg‐AD) mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease is important in biomedical research as these mice develop both neuropathological and behavioural phenotypes. However, their behavioural phenotype is variable, with findings depending on the specific task, as well as the age and sex of the mice. Whisker movements show motor, sensory and cognitive deficits in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we examined whisker movements in 3, 12.5 and 17‐month‐old female 3xTg‐AD mice and their B6129S/F2 wildtype controls. Mice were filmed using a high‐speed video camera (500 fps) in an open arena during a novel object exploration task. Genotype and age differences were found in mice exploring the arena prior to object contact. Prior to whisker contact, the 3‐month‐old 3xTg‐AD mice had smaller whisker angles compared with the wildtype controls, suggesting an early motor phenotype in these mice. Pre‐contact mean angular position at 3 months and whisking amplitude at 17 months of age differed between the 3xTg‐AD and wildtype mice. During object contact 3xTg‐AD mice did not reduce whisker spread as frequently as the wildtype mice at 12.5 and 17 months, which may suggest sensory or attentional deficits. We show that whisker movements are a powerful behavioural measurement tool for capturing behavioural deficits in mouse models that show complex phenotypes, such as the 3xTg‐AD mouse model.
GENIE UND KLASSE: ROBERT BURNS UND DIE WIENER SOZIALDEMOKRATIE UM 1900
Authors: Keckeis Paul
Published: June 2022

Retrospective accounts of the life and works of Robert Burns offer us examples of how ‘genius’ functioned in the nineteenth century, not only as a concept of inspired, natural authorship but also as a way of establishing and stabilising class identity and belonging. This is particularly illuminating in Burns’ case as he was writing at a time when the working class (E. P. Thompson) was constituting itself – he and his poetry played an active part in this process of becoming self‐aware. The article analyses Burns and Burns’ reception against a background of the conflicting views on literature held within the social democrat movement in the late nineteenth century, as exemplified by the Viennese Arbeiter‐Zeitung, which became a daily paper in 1895. Josef Strasser, an important contributor at this time, defined ‘genius’ in terms of its mass valency, as a class phenomenon, inverting Schopenhauer's opposition between ‘Genie’ and ‘Herdentier’. In the course of the institutionalisation of the workers’ movement and contrary to the dominant variant of the term, genius thus proves to be a deliberate effort against the threatening assimilation of proletarian culture and the bourgeoisie.

Die Rezeption des Lebens und der Werke von Robert Burns gibt ein Beispiel davon, dass ‘Genie’ im 19. Jahrhundert nicht nur ein Konzept inspirierter, natürlicher Autorschaft repräsentiert, sondern auch eine Möglichkeit darstellt, Klassenidentität und Zugehörigkeit zu etablieren und zu stabilisieren. Burns ist im Zusammenhang dieser konkurrierenden Geniebegriffe ein besonders aufschlussreicher Fall; er schrieb zu einer Zeit, in der sich die Arbeiterklasse (E. P. Thompson) erst konstituierte und hatte mit seiner Dichtung aktiv an diesem Prozess der Selbstbewusstwerdung teil. Der Artikel analysiert Burns und die Burns‐Rezeption vor dem Hintergrund der kontroversen Auffassungen über Literatur innerhalb der sozialdemokratischen Bewegung im späten 19. Jahrhundert, wie sie am Beispiel der Wiener Arbeiter‐Zeitung, die 1895 zur Tageszeitung wurde, deutlich wird. Josef Strasser, ein Vertreter des radikalen Flügels innerhalb der Sozialdemokratie und ein wichtiger Mitarbeiter der Zeitung, definiert ‘Genie’ im Sinne seiner Massenvalenz als ein Klassenphänomen und kehrt damit Schopenhauers Gegensatz zwischen ‘Genie’ und ‘Herdentier’ um. Anders als in der zeitgenössisch dominanten individualistischen Variante des Begriffs erweist sich Genie so als Einsatz gegen die im Zuge der Institutionalisierung der Arbeiterbewegung drohende Assimilation proletarischer Kultur an die Bourgeoisie.
Hybrid gender colonization: The case of muxes
Authors: Ramirez Jacobo , Munar Ana María
Published: June 2022

This study explores what can be learned from listening to and engaging deeply with muxes, the third gender of Mexico's indigenous Zapotec community. We examine indigenous peoples' forms of gender organizing, work, and activism through extensive fieldwork in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico and intellectual engagement with scholarship on gender, coloniality, and third space theory. The empirical case showcases how muxes organize and defend their gender identity vis‐à‐vis processes of colonization and hybridity. The findings reveal unique forms of indigenous knowledges, gender activism, and gender organizing and are categorized into six themes: language and subjectification; work, social structure, and sexuality; religion and myth; esthetics and beauty; work discrimination and gender‐based violence; and emancipation and queer activism. The analysis explains the possibility of becoming of different gender/ethnic identities and multiple hybrid representations of agency and repression. We critically examine novel insights on how indigenous gender organizing is paradoxically appreciated and revered while also inciting discrimination and violence. The empirical findings help us reconsider theoretical discourses of ongoing (de)coloniality and the third space of gender organizing.