bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telementoring for communication between residents and faculty physicians: Results from a survey on attitudes and perceptions in an Academic Tertiary Urology Referral Department in Italy
Authors: Mirone Vincenzo , Creta Massimiliano , Capece Marco , Celentano Giuseppe , Califano Gianluigi , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Spirito Lorenzo , Fusco Giovanni Maria , Cirillo Luigi , Longo Nicola , Fusco Ferdinando , Mirone Claudia , La Rocca Roberto , Napolitano Luigi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Telemedicine has been adopted successfully in various urological scenarios. The aim of the present study was to explore attitudes and perceptions by urology residents toward the use of telementoring in the context of residents-faculty physicians communication for patient-related care. Methods: An online survey consisting of 19 multiple choice questions was designed including three sections: respondents’ demographics, attitudes and perceptions towards the use of telementoring. Invitations to participate in this anonymous survey were e-mailed to urology residents at University of Naples Federico II.Results: In total 60 responses were received (participation rate 86%). The frequency of telementoring use was described as occasional, frequent, very frequent, and rare by 51,3%, 41.0%, 5,1%, and 2,6% of respondents, respectively. WhatsApp messenger was used by 89.5% of respondents and photos were the most common type of media content shared (73.7%). Most of respondents declared a moderate and a strong agreement with respect to the utility of telementoring in improving the communication in relation to the interpretation of clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and functional findings. Overall, 78% of participants individuated risks of information flow distortions and misinterpretations as the major limit of telementoring. Conclusions: The use of telementoring is widespread and perceived as useful by urology residents in the context of residentsfaculty physicians communication in multiple settings of patientrelated care.
Erectile dysfunction and testosterone levels prior to COVID-19 disease: What is the relationship?
Authors: Karkin Kadir , Alma Ergün
Published: December 2021

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and the effect of serum testosterone level on the disease prognosis. Methods: Between April-December 2020, 70 patients who were admitted with a complaint of ED after having COVID-19 and whose serum testosterone level was checked for varicocele, premature ejaculation, and infertility reasons before COVID-19. The patients filled the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and their testosterone level was checked. The questionnaire was arranged to assess the first month before COVID-19 and after COVID-19. Testosterone levels of the patients before and after COVID-19 were compared. The relationship between testosterone levels and hospitalization in the intensive care was evaluated.Results: It was revealed that testosterone levels and IIEF-5 scores after COVID-19 in all patients were statisticaly and significantly different compared to the period before COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Testosterone levels of patients in need of intensive care were significantly higher than those without any need of intensive care (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our study has presented that COVID-19 may cause ED and high testosterone levels increase the rate of hospitalization in the intensive care by intensifying the disease.
SARS-CoV-2 management in Emergency Department: risk stratification and care setting identification proposal based on first pandemic wave in Pisa University Hospital
Authors: Barbieri Greta , Cipriano Alessandro , Carrara Stella , Spinelli Stefano , Cinotti Francesco , Foltran Francesca , Filippi Matteo , Aquilini Ferruccio , Tonerini Michele , Santini Massimo , Malacarne Paolo , Ghiadoni Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 management in Emergency Department: risk stratification and care setting identification proposal based on first pandemic wave in Pisa University Hospital

Background: COVID-19 patients require early treatment and admission to an appropriate care setting, considering possible rapid and unpredictable to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

Objective: A flow-chart was developed by a multidisciplinary team of Emergency Department (ED) clinicians, intensivists and radiologists aiming to provide tools for disease severity stratification, appropriate ventilation strategy and hospitalization setting identification.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective application of our model on 313 hospitalized patients at Pisa University Hospital including 222 patients admitted to ED for respiratory failure between March and April 2020. Risk stratification score was based on respiratory and chest imaging parameters, while management strategy on comorbidities and age. 

Results: Age, comorbidities, clinical respiratory and arterial blood gas parameters, semi-quantitative chest computed tomography score were significant predictors of mortality (p<0,05). Mortality rate was higher in patients treated in intensive care units (26,5%) and undergoing endo-tracheal intubation (32,7%), compared to medical area (21,3%). We verified a good concordance (81,7%) between the proposed model and actual evaluation in ED. Outcomes analysis of subgroups of patients homogeneous for baseline features allowed to verify safety of our model: in non-elderly and/or non-comorbid patients (15% mortality) our scheme overestimates the risk in 30% of cases, but it suggests non-intensive management in patients with reduced functional reserve, elderly and with comorbidities (50% mortality).

Conclusion: Correct management of respiratory failure COVID-19 patients is crucial in this unexpected pandemic. Our flow-chart, despite retrospectively application in small sample, could represents a valid and safe proposal for evaluation in ED.
Nigella sativa oil: A promising prospective antifungal agent in the manufacture of low-salt soft cheese
Authors: Abdel-Latif Eman F. , Abbas Khaled A. , Abdelmontaleb Hani S. , Hamdy Shaimaa M.
Published: December 2021

The current work studied the in-vivo antifungal activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in ultrafiltered low-salt soft cheese as a proposed replacement for the synthetic preservatives which become unacceptable by consumers. Four different concentrations of NSO were examined during the manufacture of the cheese (0.3, 0.5, 1, and 3 % w/w). The effect of NSO supplementation was examined in 3 parallel lines; a ninepoint hedonic scale was used in the sensorial evaluation of soft cheese free of the fungal inoculum, the physicochemical properties of soft cheese were determined during storage as well as anti-fungal effects of different concentrations of NSO on inoculated cheese with different species of fungi: Candida albicans (104 cfu/ml) and Aspergillus parasiticus (102 cfu/ml) before coagulation. The Nigella sativa oil expressed an antifungal activity by using different levels of NSO which significantly reduced and inhibited the growth of the fungal counts (1.4 log cfu/g for Candida albicans and 2.30 log cfu/g for Aspergillus parasiticus) started from 0.5% concentration of NSO on the 14th day of the storage. In addition, it exhibited different physicochemical properties of soft cheese depending on the level of used NSO. However, the Sensory evaluation of cheese samples revealed the acceptance of soft cheese samples with 0.3% and 0.5% of NSO.
Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Sicily with new taxa for Italian and European fauna and description of Thiodia major (Rebel) and Pammene castanicola Trematerra females
Authors: Trematerra P. , Colacci M. , Goglia L. , Bella S.
Published: December 2021

A list of 155 species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in Sicily (Italy) is reported. The two most numerous tortricid subfamilies recorded are the Olethreutinae and Tortricinae, which have 84 species and 70 species, respectively; the subfamily Chlidanotinae is represented by 1 species. Species belonging to almost all the tribes cited in the Italian fauna have been found in Sicily (Tortricini with 10 species, Cochylini 26, Cnephasiini 18, Archipini 16, Polyorthini 1, Bactrini 5, Olethreutini 12, Enarmoniini 1, Eucosmini 33, and Grapholitini 33), with the exception of the members of the tribes Sparganothini and Eulini. Phtheochroa ochralana and Cydia magnesiae are new to Italian fauna; Fulvoclysia forsteri and Tortricodes selma are recorded for first time in Europe. The females of Thiodia major and Pammene castanicola are descripted. Acleris hastiana, A. notana, Cochylidia rupicola, C. moguntiana, Cochylis sannitica, Eana joannisi, E. italica, Cnephasia fulturata, Archips betulanus, A. crataeganus, Pandemis cerasana, Olindia schumacherana, Epinotia dalmatana, Eucosma obumbratana, Epiblema cirsianum, E. graphanum, Cydia medicaginis, C. cythisantana, C. ulicetana, C. derrai, C. leguminana, Lathronimpha balearici, Grapholita pallifrontana, Pammene querceti, P. obscurana, and Strophedra weirana are cited for first time in Sicily.
Personal therapeutic approach in Gestalt therapists working with clients suffering from medically unexplained psychosomatic symptoms
Authors: Roubal Jan , Hytych Roman , Čevelíček Michal , Řiháček Tomáš
Published: December 2021

Treatment specificity and adherence to treatment manuals represent essential components of the medical model in psychotherapy. The model assumes that psychotherapists who work with the same type of clients and who identify with the same theoretical approach work very similarly. This study illustrates the shortcomings of that assumption and explores how therapists’ individuality forms and shapes their unique approaches that resonate with their own personalities, inclinations, and worldviews. Semi-structured interviews with eight Gestalt therapists working with clients who experienced medically unexplained physical symptoms were analysed using the grounded theory method. Considerable differences were found among the therapists within four domains of the personal therapeutic approach, namely Case Conceptualization, Therapeutic Task, Therapist’s Position, and Alternative Strategy. However, regardless of the differences, all the therapists endeavoured, either implicitly or explicitly, to convey to the clients what they considered to be healthy functioning. There is considerable diversity in the way therapists work even when they subscribe to the same psychotherapeutic approach and work with the same type of clients. The exploration of psychotherapists’ usual strategies, as well as the alternative strategies they use when their usual strategies do not work, appears helpful for capturing their personal therapeutic approaches.
Système de traitement automatisé du gouvernement canadien pour la détection des variations et l'analyse des déformations du sol à partir des données de radar à synthèse d'ouverture de RADARSAT-2 et de la mission de la Constellation RADARSAT :
description et guide de l'utilisateur
Authors: Dudley J P , Samsonov S V
Published: December 2021

Remote sensing using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers powerful methods for monitoring ground deformation from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Advanced analysis techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), change
detection, and Speckle Offset Tracking (SPO) provide sensitive measures of ground movement. With both the RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) SAR satellites, Canada has access to a significant catalogue of SAR data. To make use of this data, the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth
Observation (CCMEO) has developed an automated system for generating standard and advanced deformation products from SAR data using both DInSAR and SPO methods. This document provides a user guide for this automated processing system.
Exception from informed consent in the era of social media
Authors: Inam Mehmet Enes , Sanzgiri Aditya , Lekka Elvira , Sheth Sunil A. , Barreto Andrew D. , Savitz Sean I. , Artime Carlos , Pedroza Claudia , Engstrom Allison , Sheriff Faheem G. , Ambrocik Alexander , Chen Peng Roc
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neurologic deficits are often unable to provide consent and excluded from emergency research participation. Experiences with exception from informed consent (EFIC) to facilitate research on potentially life-saving emergency interventions are limited. Here, we describe our multifaceted approach to EFIC approval for an ongoing randomized clinical trial that compares sedation versus general anesthesia (SEGA) approaches for endovascular thrombectomy during AIS.

METHODS:

We published a university clinical trial website with EFIC information. We initiated a social media campaign on Facebook within a 50 mile radius of Texas Medical Center. Advertisements were linked to our website, and a press release was issued with information about the trial. In-person community consultations were performed, and voluntary survey information was collected.

RESULTS:

A total of 193 individuals (65% female, age 46.7 ± 16.6 years) participated in seven focus group community consultations. Of the 144 (75%) that completed surveys, 88.7% agreed that they would be willing to have themselves or family enrolled in this trial under EFIC. Facebook advertisements had 134,481 (52% females; 60% ≥45 years old) views followed by 1,630 clicks to learn more. The website had 1130 views (56% regional and 44% national) with an average of 3.85 min spent. Our Institutional Review Board received zero e-mails requesting additional information or to optout.

CONCLUSION:

Our social media campaign and community consultation methods provide a significant outreach to potential stroke patients. We hope that our experience will inform and help future efforts for trials seeking EFIC.
Flow diversion in anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Dakay Katarina , Cooper Jared Blaine , Greisman Jacob D. , Kaur Gurmeen , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Gandhi Chirag D. , Santarelli Justin G.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are commonly encountered in clinical practice but can be challenging to treat. Flow diversion is a viable treatment in this population.

METHODS:

We retrospectively evaluated patients treated at our center from May 2017 to December 2020 who underwent flow diversion for an ACA aneurysm at or distal to the anterior communicating artery (ACOM). We defined ACA aneurysms as any aneurysm involving the ACOM itself, at the junction of the ACA with the ACOM (A1/A2), or in distal A2/A3 branches; both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were included. Baseline and follow-up clinical and angiographic data were collected; the primary measure was elimination of the aneurysm on follow-up angiogram. Patients underwent flow diversion with a Pipeline stent. A single flow diverting stent was placed in the dominant ACA spanning from the A2 segment extending into the A1 segment; two patients required H-pipe technique. Distal aneurysms were treated with a single Pipeline device deployed across the parent vessel, covering the aneurysm.

RESULTS:

Two-seven patients underwent a total of 28 flow diversion procedures; median age was 57 and 16 (59.3%) were male. Thirteen (48.2%) patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage; of these, four were treated within 6 weeks of the index hemorrhage. Most patients (22; 81.5%) had significant ACA asymmetry. There was one postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage and one groin complication. Follow-up data were available for 19 patients, 15 (78.9%) of which showed no residual aneurysm and 17 (89.5%) had protection of the dome.

CONCLUSION:

Flow diversion of ACA aneurysms can be a primary treatment modality in an unruptured aneurysm or a complement to initial coil protection of a ruptured aneurysm. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Mini-review (Part II)
Authors: Wills Melissa , Ding Yuchuan
Published: December 2021

Exercise therapy is commonly recommended and is often considered to be the gold standard of rehabilitation in patients with ischemic stroke. However, implementation and standardization of exercise therapy are challenging as patients vary in their abilities, disabilities, and willingness to participate in exercise rehabilitation after a cerebrovascular event. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a more passive and accessible therapy that, although remains in its infancy, has the potential to confer similar neuroprotective effects as exercise. In the previously published Part I of this Mini Review, we examined the biochemical evidence for exercise and RIC and noted that the in vitro results may be misleading outside of the context of clinical application. In the present review, we investigate the various clinical parameters by which exercise and RIC therapy may be most beneficial to ischemic stroke victims. We also extend our discussion to consider the therapeutic combination of RIC and exercise therapy to maximize functional outcomes after stroke.
Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h
Authors: Li Guangwen , Liu Peng , Gong Wentao , Zhang Xianjun , Zhang Yong , Wang Naidong
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h.

METHODS:

Thirty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation and failure of medical therapy underwent endovascular recanalization and were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics, atherosclerotic risk factors, successful recanalization rates, and angiographic data were collected.

RESULTS:

Recanalization was successful in 37 cases (94.9%). The average residual stenosis immediately after intervention was 11.6 ± 4.3%. The patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone had similar residual stenosis to those who also underwent stent placement (15.6 ± 7.3% vs. 9.0 ± 6.4%, P = 0.184). Intra- and perioperative complications occurred in three cases (7.69%). One patient (2.7%) developed severe in-stent restenosis with transient ischemic attack symptoms at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Endovascular recanalization is feasible for symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation lasting longer than 72 h. Recanalization provides a higher success rate when performed within 6 months of the qualifying event.
Mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke complicating cardiac interventions
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Cronkite Christopher , Srinivasan Visish , Haider Maryam , Haider Ali S. , Kan Peter , Johnson Jeremiah N.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) complicating cardiac interventions (CI) is well described. The use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treatment of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) in this setting, however, is not widely reported.

METHODS:

Cases of patients undergoing MT for AIS with ELVO at a single institution were reviewed. Cases preceded by recent CI were investigated retrospectively. Data was collected for patient demographics, type of cardiac intervention, stroke characteristics, neurovascular intervention, and patient outcomes.

RESULTS:

Between 2008 and 2017, registry analysis identified nine patients treated with MT for AIS complicating recent CI. Patients were more commonly male with a mean age of 67 years. A large majority had a known cardiac arrhythmia. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was the most identified CI, followed by valve repair, and cardiac ablations. Mean presenting NIHSS was 18. Most presented with hemiplegia. Seven cases were found to have MCA occlusions. Stent-retrievers were used in 6 cases with excellent recanalization in five MCA cases (TICI 2c or 3) and in two basilar cases. Despite immediate improvements in NIHSS scores in most cases, functional outcomes were poor in 7 cases (mRS of 4-6). Three cases were complicated by hemorrhage and three cases ended in mortality.

CONCLUSION:

AIS with ELVO following recent CI is associated with high rates of mortality and poor functional outcomes despite MT. Further work is needed to understand the key drivers to poor outcomes in this ELVO subgroup.
Relationship of Clinical Features with Candidal Carriage in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Redhu Anju , Suman B. , Banu Asima
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is extensively prevalent in India and South-East Asia owing to the habit of arecanut (AN) use. Epithelial atrophy, hyposalivation, and immune alterations in OSF may predispose to increased Candidal carriage. Stomatopyrosis in OSF can result from multiple causes, which may also include Candidal infection. Hence, this study is aimed to assess Candidal carriage, species characterization, salivary flow rate (SFR) and its relationship with the clinical features (stomatopyrosis and mouth opening [MO]) in OSF patients alongwith the response to antifungal treatment in patients with higher Candidal carriage.

Methodology:

In this case-control study, 60 OSF patients and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. SFR was assessed using modified Schirmer test. Samples for Candidal assessment were collected with the oral rinse technique and cultured. The isolated yeast species were counted and identified based on Gram staining, germ tube test, and CHROMagar. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation test, and one-way ANOVA test.

Results:

The distribution of mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, SFR and MO was significantly varied (P < 0.001) in the study and control groups. Candida was found to be present significantly (P = 0.048) in OSF group as compared to control group. Candida albicans was the predominant species. No statistically significant association was obtained regarding Candidal isolation and SFR, burning sensation and MO in OSF patients. Only 1 patient in the study group yielded a high Candidal carriage (>400 CFU/mL) and reported relief in burning sensation (VAS score) with antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

OSF patients yielded a significant higher oral Candidal carriage. Although it was not found to be associated directly, its role as a “cause and effect” in SFR and clinical features (stomatopyrosis and MO) of OSF cannot be ignored.
Evaluation of Microleakage of Micro Hybrid Composite Resins versus Chitosan-Incorporated Composite Resins When Restored in Class V Cavities Using Total Etch and Self-Etch Adhesives
Authors: Deb Arpita , Pai Veena , Akhtar Aesha , Nadig Roopa R.
Published: December 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the in-vitro microleakage of traditional micro hybrid composite resin and 0.2% chitosan-incorporated composite resin when restored in Class V cavities using total etch versus self-etch adhesives after storing in artificial saliva for 24 h.

Materials and Methodology:

Sixty permanent maxillary premolars collected and Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of each tooth (dimensions: mesio-distally 3 mm, occluso cervically 2 mm, and depth of 1.5 mm) and restored with Group 1: micro hybrid (30 teeth) and Group 2: chitosan-incorporated composite (30 teeth), which was further subdivided into: (a) 15 teeth using total-etch adhesives. (b) 15 teeth using self-etch adhesives. Next dye extraction test was carried out using spectrophotometer.

Results:

Comparison within groups: In Group 1: Self-etch demonstrated less microleakage (0.0129) compared with total etch (0.0183). The difference was statistically significant, and in Group 2: No statistically significant difference was found in mean microleakage scores after using either self-etch (0.0118) or total etch adhesives (0.0120).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that chitosan-incorporated composite seems to have improved mechanical properties with a stable bond when used with either self-etch or total etch adhesives in addition to being antibacterial. It may be clinically useful in restoring Class V cavities in patients with high caries risk. However, further in vitro and in-vivo studies need to be carried out.
Comparative Evaluation of Changes in Physiological and Psychomotor Effects in Pediatric Patients during Extraction under Different Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen Inhalation Sedation
Authors: Shafi Reshi Iram , Goswami Mousumi , Rahman Bushra , Nangia Tanu , Nisa Tauqeer Ul , Chawla Sakshi
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques are routinely used to create an environment that facilitates and builds a rapport between the child and the dentist to carry out procedures with minimal disruption. However, the discomfort associated with oral injections produces varying degrees of stress in all patients. Nitrous oxide (N2O)–oxygen (O2) inhalation sedation is one of the most widely used modalities for the management of fear and anxiety in children.

Objective:

The objective was to evaluate changes in physiological and psychomotor effects in pediatric patients during extraction under different concentrations of N2O–O2 inhalation sedation.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 300 healthy patients in the age range of 6–12 years (mean 8.9 years), who needed extraction of primary tooth, were included in the study. Pulse rate, SpO2, blood pressure (BP), and temperature were recorded at baseline, 30% N2O concentration, 50% N2O concentration, and again postoperatively. In addition, anxiety levels and neuromuscular coordination were recorded at the respective intervals.

Results:

The results revealed a mean decrease in pulse rate and BP from baseline and an increase in temperature and O2 saturation during the sedation procedure. The findings were statistically significant. Significant impairment of coordination and psychomotor ability was seen at each step. Anxiety had significantly reduced after the onset of sedation due to the anxiolytic effect of N2O.

Conclusion:

N2O–O2 inhalation sedation under different concentrations reduces the anxiety of the patient and produces adequate sedation with vital signs within normal limits along with temporary impairment of psychomotor ability and coordination.
Could Different Formulations of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Influence the Physical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement?
Authors: Aref Neven S. , Abdallah Reham M.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The aim is to evaluate the ability of different formulations of grape seed (GS) to influence the physical properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC).

Materials and Methods:

Five groups were considered; Group I: Unmodified GIC (control), II: 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, III: 5% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, IV: 3% v/v ethanolic extract of GS (EEGS)-modified GIC and V: 5% v/v EEGS-modified GIC. Assessment parameters were; compressive strength, shear bond strength, surface roughness, water sorption and solubility and color difference. A representative specimen of each group was used for being analyzed by the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of variance was used to compare the results, followed by a Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results:

3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC only exhibited a significant increase in its compressive strength and shear bond strength. Concurrently, there was a significant decrease in surface roughness, water sorption and solubility for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC group (P < 0.05). The least color change was for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, which is a clinically acceptable change.

Conclusions:

3% v/v GS oil-modified conventional GIC is an optimistic formulation of a restorative material with enhanced physical properties and agreeable esthetic.
Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Microcrack Formation in Dentin by ProTaper Next, Revo S, and WaveOne Gold File System
Authors: Rahman Hena , Chandra Anil , Khangwal Monika , Goel Akriti , Shakya Vijay Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

During the biomechanical preparation of the root canal by rotary file systems, stress is generated within the canal, which leads to dentinal microcrack formation. Such defects are evaluated only under the microscope.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate dentinal microcrack formation after instrumentation with ProTaper Next (M-wire), Revo S (conventional NiTi), and WaveOne Gold (Gold-wire) file systems under the stereomicroscope.

Materials and Methods:

Forty single-rooted teeth free from any defect were selected and divided into four groups (Control, PTN, RS, and WOG). Experimental groups were instrumented with file system used in the study, and the control group were left unprepared. Samples were further decoronated and sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex perpendicular to the long axis and examined under a stereomicroscope at ×25 for different types of microcracks (no fracture, complete fracture, partial fracture, and other fracture).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data analysis was done by the Chi-square test using the SPSS version 17.0 software. A two-sided (α = 2) P < 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The null hypothesis was rejected. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. All file systems created microcracks in the root dentin. WOG group showed an incidence of 66.7% for no fracture, PTN group had 40% for other fracture, and RS group had 60% for complete fracture.

Conclusion:

Single file system WOG with gold wire technology proves to be the best choice for canal preparation among the tested groups in terms of least dentinal crack formation.
Prevalence of Tooth Mortality among Adults in India
Authors: Venkat Malliga , Janakiram Chandrashekar , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam
Published: December 2021

Tooth loss remains a significant deterrent to oral health and adversely affects the dietary intake and nutritional status of individuals compromising their general health. It is a debilitating and irreversible condition and is considered as the “final marker of disease burden for oral health.” The prevalence of tooth mortality and its causes has been studied for many years through point prevalence studies; however, there is a need to generate a national representative data. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature measuring the prevalence of tooth mortality in India. We searched the following databases for studies that had assessed the prevalence of tooth mortality in India: PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, and Scopus. This yielded 36 studies, of which 16 eligible cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence among those 18 years and above were included. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted for tooth mortality outcomes which stratified for different covariates such as age groups, gender, geographic region, population group, type of index, and reason for loss using MetaXL Version 5.3 Software, Netherlands developed by Dr Jan J Barendregt. Pooled prevalence was used to estimate the overall effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 13,662 adults participated in the 16 studies. We found that the overall prevalence of complete tooth mortality (loss of 32 teeth) was 10.7% (95% CI: 10.2%–11.2%, 16 studies, n = 2249) and partial tooth mortality (having one or more teeth) was 58.8% (95% CI: 57.9%–59.6%, 16 studies, n = 7526). Rural area adults showed twice 61% (60.5%, 95% CI: 58.9–62.1, 7 studies) than urban adults. Females had higher partial tooth mortality (48.2%%), whereas males higher complete tooth mortality (20.2%). There was higher methodological heterogeneity of included studies. Nearly 35% of adults have complete or partial tooth mortality. Greater tooth mortality indicates the burden of the prosthetic needs.
Prevalence of refractive errors in Upper Egypt schoolchildren
Authors: Abdelrheem Shaimaa S. , Gaffer Mustafa A. , Abdalla Abdalla M.E. , Gabr Ahmed F.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To determine the prevalence, types, and magnitude of refractive errors (RE) among the sampled-children population in Upper Egypt.

Patients and methods

In this cross-sectional study, 14 787 students of 22 primary schools in three governorates in Upper Egypt (Qena, Luxor, and Aswan) were examined and their cycloplegic refraction had been documented. These schools were distributed between urban (seven schools represented by 5289 students) and rural (15 schools represented by 9498 students) areas.

Results

According to the present study, the overall prevalence of REs was 11.7% among examined primary schoolchildren. REs were more prevalent in rural schoolchildren (15.5%) than urban (5.5%), in students between 6 and 9 years (12.1%) other than those between 9 and 12 years (11.1%) and were the most vulnerable to have amblyopia. Total REs decreased with age, it reached 13.8% in first-grade and 10.2% among the sixth-grade schoolchildren. Aswan students had the highest prevalence, 24.9%, followed by Qena 5.3% and the least was Luxor governorate by 4.4%.

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of REs among primary schoolchildren in Upper Egypt was 11.7% and this indicates the significance of periodic screening for these errors.
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat Analysis of the Adaptations in Anatomy Training During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ucar Ilyas , Karartı Caner
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Educational methods used in Turkey as an immediate response to COVID-19 pandemic definitely bear strengths and weaknesses. In this context, the aim of the present study is to carry out Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) analysis of Turkey's adaptations in the anatomy training.

Material and Methods:

This descriptive study included 12 state universities. A questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the modifications of the anatomy departments. All responses were analyzed by the researchers using a thematic analysis following a 6-step process. For the purpose of SWOT analysis, these themes were assigned to either strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats.

Results:

According to the results of the study, increasing skills in utilizing new technologies and resources (83.3%), developing new online resources (83.3%) and alternative examination methods (58.3%) and free access to online resources (16.6%) were the strengths of Anatomy training during the crisis. Exam-related issues (83.3%), being obliged to work from home due to curfews, self-isolation, and social-distancing rules (75.0%), insufficiency in practical courses and cadaver practices (75.0%) and time restrictions (58.3%) were considered as weaknesses. The departments consider the teleworking model (83.3%), preparation for including blended learning in future curricula (83.3%) and academic cooperation (33.3%) as important environmental opportunities. There are issues that anatomy departments consider as important environmental threats. These threats include decrease in student-student (83.3%) and teacher-student interaction (66.6%) and suspension of the donor programs (58.3%).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has created several opportunities and challenges. Undoubtedly, Anatomy training will need revisions in the normalization process. Results of SWOT analysis studies are thought to be a guide for the departments during the revision process.
Comparison of Human Renal Arteries in Cadavers and in Computed Tomography Scans – A Morphometric Study
Authors: Patil Rashmi Avinash , Chowki Parvez Abutaher
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The right and left kidneys receive their blood supply from the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta that is, respectively, from the right and the left renal arteries. The study of renal arteries is thus very important, but the literature shows a scarcity of data for the Indian population. This study was, therefore, planned to compare the morphometry of human renal arteries in cadavers and in computed tomography scans.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted on 36 formalin-fixed cadavers and on 36 computed tomographic scans of renal arteries. The various parameters measured included the length of renal arteries, internal diameter of renal arteries at its origin, the vertical distance between the renal arteries at its origin and the point of bifurcation of the aorta, and vertical distance between the origins of the right and left renal arteries.

Results:

The length of the right renal artery was more than the left renal artery, there was no difference in the internal diameter of both the vessels at their origin and no difference in the vertical distance between the site of origin of renal arteries and bifurcation of Aorta.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The information of the right renal artery being longer than the left kidney confirms with the data available in the literature. The vertical distance between the origins of the renal artery and bifurcation of the aorta is important as it aids the radiologists for performing angiography. Furthermore, the data from this study would aid and supplement the preexisting data for the surgeons during renal transplantations.
Gestational Diabetes Influences Bone Morphogenic Protein Signaling During Heart Development in C57BL Mice
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Fatemeh , Golalipour Masoud , Haidari Kamran , Nazari Zahra , Golalipour Mohammad Jafar
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy that causes fetal mortality and morbidity. As uncontrolled gestational diabetes could induce congenital heart defects in the offspring. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the effect of GDM on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) gene expression during heart development in the C57BL mouse embryo.

Material and Methods:

In this experimental study, twelve 8-week old pregnant C57BL with an approximate weight of 130 g were randomly allocated into control and induced diabetic groups. On day 1 of gestation, the dams of the Diabetic group were received 150 mg/kg streptozotocin. While that of the control group were received an equivalent volume of normal saline. On day 11.5 of pregnancy, six embryos were withdrawn from each group. Total RNA was extracted from the cardiac tissue pieces of the embryos for expression of BMPs by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results:

BMP6 of the induced diabetic group increased to 2.4018-fold compared to the controls (P<0.05). While BMP 5,7, and 10 increased to (1.58, 1.0445, and 1.7623, respectively) and 1.7623-fold respectively in GDM in comparison to controls. Discussion and

Conclusion:

Therefore, it is suggested that the GDM could induce heart malformations by the upregulation of BMPs, particularly BMP6 expression.
The Extensor Digitorum Profundus Muscle – An Attractive Term, but is it Appropriate for Describing the Human Hand?
Authors: Georgiev Georgi P. , Tubbs R Shane
Published: December 2021

In general, when a particular term in medicine is used, it should be correct and precise. Human anatomy is an old science and has developed over the years with various and numerous terms and classifications being used. Their role is to present and summarize the described findings, simply and understandably, not only to the anatomist but also to the clinicians. The goal of our comments is to present our point of view about a term, used for a variant hand muscle, called the extensor digitorum profundus; it was first mentioned in the hands of primates but since has been used by some to describe human anatomy. We discuss why such use of the term in humans is incorrect and should be limited to various animals.
Spontaneous Early Recanalization of an Acute Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Liu Yi , Ting Chi-Hsin , Sung Yueh-Feng , Yang Fu-Chi
Published: December 2021

Acute internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) is a rare vascular disease that can cause lethal complications and manifests with varying neurological symptoms. A 42-year-old woman presented with a progressively worsening headache over the left temporal-occipital area and pain in the left posterior nuchal; ultrasonography and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) revealed a thrombosis with critical stenosis in the left internal jugular vein (IJV). Seven days after treatment with an anticoagulant, she exhibited considerable improvement. Follow-up ultrasonography and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (CTA) indicated spontaneous IJV recanalization. To avoid implementing inappropriate treatments and prevent adverse outcomes, acute IJVT should be considered as a cause of secondary headaches. To determine the prognosis and secondary prophylaxis strategy (i.e., medical or surgical), recanalization should be detected using color-coded duplex ultrasonography and confirmed using MRV or CTA; these are all safe and minimally invasive procedures.
Coronavirus Disease-2019 and the Kidneys
Authors: Sobh Eman , Al-Adl Ahmed Salama , Awadallah Mohamed F. , Abdelsalam Khloud Gamal , Awad Sohaila Sabry , Surrati Amal M. , Alhadrami Hani A.
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to affect nearly all body systems. Kidney affection has been observed in several studies. The effect of COVID-19 on renal function is beyond that occurring in pneumonia or severe respiratory distress cases. Renal affection is attributed to several factors, including the mechanism of viral injury. Patients with preexisting kidney injury are at increased risk of infection. Early detection and management are crucial to avoid morbidity and mortality, prevent the spread and contamination of hemodialysis Units. Early detection and treatment of kidney involvement in COVID-19 are vital to avoid increased morbidity and mortality. Proper selection of drugs and fluid management is vital in cases with kidney involvement. This review aims to discuss the clinical and pathophysiological affection of the kidney in COVID-19.
The Human Papillomavirus in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Santos Nathalia Carneiro , Bezerra Tocantins Paula Damasceno , Bernardes Leão-Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia , Ataides Fábio Silvestre , Rosa Marques Larissa De Oliveira , Teodoro Cordeiro Silva Antonio Márcio
Published: December 2021

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the possible association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and colorectal cancer development. The search strategy was a logic applied to specific descriptors linked to Boolean operators (AND/OR). The searches were made at the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, between 2005 and 2017. A total of 2937 patients were included in the study, where 1562 (53.2%) diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma and 1375 (46.8%) control samples from tissues without carcinoma. In patients with colorectal carcinoma, HPV was detected in 424 (27.1%) samples, but in the remaining 1138 (72.9%) patients, there was no detection of this virus. Among patients with healthy tissue, 129 (9.4%) samples were positive to HPV and 1246 (90.6%) samples were negative for the virus, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). By combining all the results from the included studies, it was observed that HPV-positive patients presented with six times more chance to develop colorectal cancer when compared to those HPV-negative (odds ratio [OR] =6.398; confidence interval [CI] 95% =3.025–13.533; P < 0.0001). Asia was the continent with the smaller probability to develop colorectal cancer, with three times more chances of the patients with HPV to develop colon and rectum carcinomas, although no statistic relevance was found (OR = 3.270; CI 95% =0.899–11.890; P = 0.0721). This meta-analysis showed a correlation between the HPV and the enhanced probability to develop colorectal carcinoma, highlighting geographic variations that show as important to public health.
Success and Complication Rate of Fluoroscopic, Doppler, and Contrast Venography-Guided Subclavian Venous Puncture for Implantation of Cardiovascular Electronic Devices
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Hussain Khandy Aashaq , Nabi Tauseef , Golwara Ashish Kumar , Singh Ajeet Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are life-saving devices, but may lead to puncture-related complications during implantation.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the success and complications of the subclavian venous puncture under the guidance of fluoroscopy, venography, and Doppler.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study conducted for one year at a tertiary health center in North India. We studied the clinical profile, success, and complications in three puncture techniques for CIED lead implantation in 75 adult patients of >18 years of age, randomized in three equal groups of 25 participants.

Results:

The mean age was 66.6 ± 15.6 years, with the majority being males. The left-sided approach for lead implantation was common (84%). Pacemakers were most commonly implanted CIED devices. The overall success of punctures was 100% each in Doppler and venography group, and 92% in the fluoroscopic-guided venous puncture group. Success in the first attempt was observed in 48% in the Doppler group and 24% each in the fluoroscopic and venographic group. There were total of 12 complications, the most common were arterial puncture (10.7%), followed by major hematoma (4%), and pneumothorax (1.3%). The fluoroscopic group had maximum complications (83%), followed by the venography group. Significantly higher arterial punctures occurred in the fluoroscopic venous puncture group.

Conclusion:

There were 100% success in the Doppler and venographic groups and only 92% success in the fluoroscopic venous puncture group. Maximum complications were seen in the fluoroscopic group, with significantly higher arterial punctures seen in the fluoroscopic venous puncture group.
Gut Microbiome Profiling in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Healthy Individuals in Indonesian Population
Authors: Daud Nu'man AS , Akram Nasrul Hadi , Hidayah Najdah , Jayanti Sri , Handayani Irda , Massi Muhammad Nasrum
Published: December 2021

Background:

The gut microbiome is thought to produce metabolites that are widely investigated to play a role in various disease pathophysiologies.

Aim:

This study aims to identify the differences in gut microbiome diversity and profile between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy individuals.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. We collected 21 fecal specimens from NAFLD subjects and 13 controls. The gut microbiota from all samples were profiled by using 16s ribosomal RNA next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 software.

Results:

NAFLD subjects had a greater body mass index. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were found in 19%, 28.6%, and 81%, respectively, in NAFLD subjects. There was a lower diversity of gut microbiota in NAFLD compared to the control group. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was found more in the control than the NAFLD group (42.24% vs. 54.01%, P = 0.037). At the genus level, the percentage of Enterobacter was more abundant in the NAFLD group compared to the control group (0.517% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). At the genus level, there was a negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (r = −0.532, P = 0.013).

Conclusion:

The diversity of the gut microbiota in NAFLD group was less than in control group. Firmicutes was found to be less prevalent in NAFLD patients compared to control. Enterobacter was found to be more abundant in NAFLD patients. The amount of Bifidobacterium was inversely correlated to the severity of NAFLD based on NFS.