bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative review of EHDI in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Selvarani , Storbeck Claudine
Published: December 2015

Background: With 17 babies born with hearing loss every day in South Africa, there is a pressing need for systematic Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) services. Progress is being made in offering newborn hearing screening and studies have been conducted to document these processes within South Africa. However, due to the lack of a national and holistic overview of EHDI services to date, an accurate picture of the current status of EHDI within the South African context is required. Objective: To document and profile what has been published within the field of EHDI in South Africa over the last two decades (Jan 1995–Sept 2014) in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the current status and practice of screening and diagnosis in the field of paediatric hearing loss. Method: A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles related to EHDI in South Africa was conducted by searching the EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS and JSTOR databases for the period January 1995 to September 2014. Results: Results indicate that over the last two decades research and publications in the field of EHDI have increased considerably. These publications have revealed extensive knowledge related to paediatric hearing screening and intervention services in South Africa; however, this knowledge seems to be limited primarily to the provinces of Gauteng and the Western Cape. Furthermore, studies pertaining to diagnosis have revealed that, although much has been written on the scientific aspects on tools for diagnosis of hearing loss, there is a lack of comprehensive information on diagnostic protocols and procedures. Conclusion: Despite the clear progress being made in South Africa in the field of early hearing detection and intervention, there is a need for comprehensive studies on protocols and procedures in diagnosing paediatric hearing loss. Finally, the narrative review revealed a clear need to ensure that development and growth in the field of EHDI is a national priority and extends beyond the two provinces currently showing growth.
Where’s the line/tube?
Authors: Ahmed Aadil
Published: December 2015

Radiologists are confronted with a spectrum of catheters placed in various locations in routine radiology practice and have to be familiar with the different catheters, their uses and acceptable positioning for suggested safe practice. The commonly used vascular and nonvascular catheters are described and discussed in this brief guide.
Cystic hemispheric medulloepithelioma
Authors: Du Toit Jacqueline , Kilborn Tracy , Padayachy Llewellyn , Pillay Komala , Hendricks Marc
Published: December 2015

Medulloepithelioma is a rare primitive embryonal tumour of the central nervous system which typically occurs in early childhood. The histopathological appearance has been confused with primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), but medulloepitheliomas have a more aggressive clinical course. Imaging typically demonstrates a well-circumscribed, poorly or non-enhancing solid mass, with cyst formation being infrequent. We report the imaging findings in a case of a cystic hemispheric medulloepithelioma. The importance of considering this diagnosis is discussed in view of the propensity to aggressive recurrence in subtotal resection.
p–adic Families of Cohomological Modular Forms for Indefinite Quaternion Algebras and the Jacquet–Langlands Correspondence
Authors: Greenberg Matthew , Seveso Marco
Published: December 2015

We use the method of Ash and Stevens to prove the existence of small slopep-adic families of cohomological modular forms for an indefinite quaternion algebraB. We prove that the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence relating modular forms onand cohomomological modular forms forBis compatible with the formation ofp-adic families. This result is an analogue of a theorem of Chenevier concerning definite quaternion algebras.
Towards Oka–Cartan theory for algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds. II
Authors: Brudnyi Alexander , Kinzebulatov Damir
Published: December 2015

We establish basic results of complex function theory within certain algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds (such as algebras of Bohr’s holomorphic almost periodic functions on tube domains or algebras of all fibrewise bounded holomorphic functions arising, e.g., in the corona problem for

H^{\infty}

). In particular, in this context we obtain results on holomorphic extension from complex sub manifolds, properties of divisors, corona-type theorems, holomorphic analogues of the Peter–Weyl approximation theorem, Hartogs-type theorems, characterizations of uniqueness sets, etc. Our proofs are based on analogues of Cartan theorems A and B for coherent-type sheaves on maximal ideal spaces of these algebras proved in Part I.
Positive metric currents and holomorphic chains in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Mongodi Samuele
Published: December 2015

We present some results concerning currents of integration on finite-dimensional analytic spaces in Hilbert spaces, using the setting of metric currents. In particular, we obtain the characterization of such currents as positive closed

(k, k)

-integer rectifiable currents and solve the boundary problem for holomorphic chains.
Leavitt path algebras with at most countably many irreducible representations
Authors: Ara Pere , Rangaswamy Kulumani M.
Published: December 2015

Let

E

be an arbitrary directed graph with no restrictions on the number of vertices and edges and let

K

be any field. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Leavitt path algebra

L_{K}(E)

to be of countable irreducible representation type, that is, we determine when

L_{K}(E)

has at most countably many distinct isomorphism classes of simple left

L_{K}(E)

-modules. It is also shown that

L_{K}(E)

has finitely many isomorphism classes of simple left modules if and only if

L_{K}(E)

is a semi-artinian von Neumann regular ring with finitely many ideals. Equivalent conditions on the graph

E

are also given. Examples are constructed showing that for each (finite or infinite) cardinal

\kappa

there exists a Leavitt path algebra

L_{K}(E)

having exactly

\kappa

distinct isomorphism classes of simple right modules.
K3 surfaces with a non-symplectic automorphism and product-quotient surfaces with cyclic groups
Authors: Garbagnati Alice , Penegini Matteo
Published: December 2015

We classify all the K3 surfaces which are minimal models of the quotient of the product of two curves

C_1 \times C_2

by the diagonal action of either the group

\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z

or the group

\mathbb Z/2p\mathbb Z

where

p

is an odd prime. These K3 surfaces admit a non-symplectic automorphism of order

p

induced by an automorphism of one of the curves

C_1

or

C_2

. We prove that most of the K3 surfaces admitting a non-symplectic automorphism of order

p

(and in fact a maximal irreducible component of the moduli space of K3 surfaces with a non-symplectic automorphism of order

p

) are obtained in this way.

In addition, we show that one can obtain the same set of K3 surfaces under more restrictive assumptions namely one of the two curves, say

C_2

, is isomorphic to a rigid hyperelliptic curve with an automorphism

\delta_p

of order

p

and the automorphism of the K3 surface is induced by

\delta_p

.

Finally, we describe the variation of the Hodge structures of the surfaces constructed and we give an equation for some of them.
On the ill-posedness of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the critical Besov spaces
Authors: Chen Qionglei , Miao Changxing , Zhang Zhifei
Published: December 2015

We prove the ill-posedness of the 3-D baratropic Navier–Stokes equation for the initial density and velocity belonging to the critical Besov space

(\dot{B}^{3/p}_{p,1}+\bar{\rho},\,\dot{B}^{3/p-1}_{p,1})

for

p>6

in the sense that a "norm inflation" happens in finite time, here

\bar{\rho}

is a positive constant. While, the compressible viscous heat-conductive flows is ill-posed for the initial density, velocity and temperature belonging to the critical Besov space

(\dot{B}^{3/p}_{p,1}+\bar{\rho},\,\dot{B}^{3/p-1}_{p,1},\,\dot{B}^{3/p-2}_{p,1})

for

p>3

.
Hilbert cubes in arithmetic sets
Authors: Dietmann Rainer , Elsholtz Christian
Published: December 2015

We show upper bounds on the maximal dimension

d

of Hilbert cubes

H=a_0+\{0,a_1\}+\cdots + \{0, a_d\}\subset S \cap [1, N]

in several sets

S

of arithmetic interest.

a) For the set of squares we obtain

d=O(\mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} N)

. Using previously known methods this bound could have been achieved only conditionally subject to an unsolved problem of Erdős and Radó.

b) For the set

W

of powerful numbers we show

d=O((\mathrm {log} N)^2)

.

c) For the set

V

of pure powers we also show

d=O((\mathrm {log} N)^2)

, but for a homogeneous Hilbert cube, with

a_0=0

, this can be improved to

d=O((\mathrm {log}\mathrm {log} N)^3/\mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} N)

, when the

a_i

are distinct, and

d=O((\mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} N)^4/(\mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} N)^2)

, generally. This compares with a result of

d = O((\mathrm {log} N)^3/(\mathrm {log} \mathrm {log} N)^{1/2})

in the literature.

d) For the set

V

we also solve an open problem of Hegyvári and Sárközy, namely we show that

V

does not contain an infinite Hilbert cube.

e) For a set without arithmetic progressions of length

k

we prove

d=O_k(\mathrm {log} N)

, which is close to the true order of magnitude.
A geometric criterion for the finite generation of the Cox rings of projective surfaces
Authors: De La Rosa Navarro Brenda Leticia , Frías Medina Juan Bosco , Lahyane Mustapha , Moreno Mejía Israel , Osuna Castro Osvaldo
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to give a geometric characterization of the finite generation of the Cox rings of anticanonical rational surfaces. This characterization is encoded in the finite generation of the effective monoid. Furthermore, we prove that in the case of a smooth projective rational surface having a negative multiple of its canonical divisor with only two linearly independent global sections (e.g., an elliptic rational surface), the finite generation is equivalent to the fact that there are only a finite number of smooth projective rational curves of self-intersection −1. The ground field is assumed to be algebraically closed of arbitrary characteristic.
Optimal Control of Quasistatic Plasticity with Linear Kinematic Hardening III: Optimality Conditions
Authors: Wachsmuth Gerd
Published: December 2015

In this paper we consider an optimal control problem governed by a rate-independent variational inequality arising in quasistatic plasticity with linear kinematic hardening. Since the solution operator of a variational inequality is not differentiable, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker system is not a necessary optimality condition. We show a system of weakly stationary type by passing to the limit with the optimality system of a regularized and time-discretized problem.
Antibiotic Stewardship: An Important Pharmacy Role?
Authors: Bond Christine M
Published: December 2015

-
Turning Your Research Idea into a Proposal Worth Funding
Authors: Kanji Salmaan
Published: December 2015

-
Pharmacy Practices and Technologies: Evidence for Effectiveness and Adoption into Canadian Hospital Pharmacy Practice
Authors: Of Hospital Pharmacy Aurélie Guérin , Hall Kevin , Bussières Jean-François
Published: December 2015

-
IV Administration of Erwinia-Derived Asparaginase in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Single-Centre Case Series
Authors: Reniers Denise , Orr Catherine , Gibson Paul J
Published: December 2015

-
Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Naproxen 25 mg/mL Suspension in Glass and Plastic Bottles and Plastic Syringes
Authors: Ensom Mary H H , Décarie Diane , Lingertat-Walsh Karen
Published: December 2015

-
Death to the Print Format—But Let Us Not Forget Our Past
Authors: Murdoch John , Pearson (reply) Glen J
Published: December 2015

-
Valorisation des coques d’anacarde par pyrolyse au Bénin
Authors: Godjo Thierry , Tagutchou Jean-Philippe , Naquin Pascale , Gourdon Rémy
Published: December 2015

Faced to difficulties to energy access and management of waste from the processing of cashew nuts in Benin, the shells stored in cashew nuts processing plants are directly used as fuel. They are therefore burned in kilns to provide the energy required to produce the heat for embrittlement of nuts, steaming and drying almonds. This non controlled combustion generates significant pollution because CNSL, substance contained in the shells, produces abundant and acrid smoke irritating to eyes. To overcome this problem, we have constructed in Benin two pyrolysis plants on the basis of a reactor designed by CEFREPADE and RON-GEAD. Those reactors have been used in Benin for energy recovery from cashew nut shells. This experiment of promotion of cashew nuts showed that the pyrolysis reactor used can be able to produce gaseous energy of approximately 82% of the hull mass processed and produces about 18% of charcoal. Furthermore, on the energy point of view, the recovered gas corresponds to 74% of the energy of the raw material, while the obtained charcoal (18% of raw material) corresponds to 26% of total energy of fed raw material.

Face aux difficultés d'accès à l'énergie et de gestion des déchets issus de la transformation des noix d'ana-carde au Bénin, les coques stockées dans les usines de transformation sont directement utilisées comme combustibles. Elles sont ainsi brûlées dans des fours pour fournir l'énergie nécessaire à la fragilisation des noix, l'étuvage et le séchage des amandes. Cette combustion non contrôlée génère d'importantes nuisances car l'huile qui imbibe ces coques produit des fumées âcres et irritantes pour les yeux. Pour pallier ce pro-blème, nous avons construit au Bénin deux installations de pyrolyse sur la base d'un modèle de réacteur conçu par CEFREPADE et RONGEAD. Ces pyrolyseurs ont été utilisés au Bénin pour permettre la valorisation des coques de noix d'anacarde en gaz et charbon. Les études réalisées ont montré que le réacteur de pyrolyse utilisé permet de valoriser sous forme de gaz environ 82 % de la masse de coque traitées et produit environ 18 % de charbon. Par ailleurs, du point de vue énergétique, les gaz valorisés correspondent à 74 % de l'énergie des coques traitées, tandis que les 18 % de charbon obtenu correspondent à 26 % de l'énergie totale.
Analyse synthétique des retours d’expérience sur les techniques de compostage dans les pays en développement
Authors: Bromblet Hélène , Somaroo Geeta
Published: December 2015

Established in 2013, the Re-Source platform aims to boost the activities of material and energy recovery from waste in Africa and the Caribbean. It seeks to promote good practices, develop training modules and diffuse technical and operational recommendations. In this objective, the group publishes synthetic feedback analysis documentsThis article reports feedback analyses related to the implementation of composting techniques in developing countries. Several units in operation in Africa and Haiti have been monitored by Re-Sources partners. The feedback analysis includes compost quality, nature of treated waste, monitoring parameters (temperature, moisture, air supply, grain size, C / N) and the different process stages such as sorting, grinding, hot fermentation and ripening, sifting, packaging and storage. The article gives some design elements, summarizes the most common problems and solutions and provides discussions on the interest of the development of composting in developing countries and recommendations related to technical and operational issues to ensure compost quality and minimize all environmental impacts.

La plateforme Re-Sources, créée en 2013, a pour ambition de dynamiser la valorisation des déchets en Afrique et Caraïbes. Elle s’attache à promouvoir les bonnes pratiques, mettre en place des modules de formation et mener des actions de plaidoyer. Depuis sa création, elle a publié en premier lieu des fiches synthétiques présentant des retours d’expérience des équipes partenaires dans différents domaines.Cet article présente l’analyse faite par la plateforme Re-sources de la mise en œuvre des techniques de compostage dans les pays en développement, qui s’appuie sur le retour d’expérience de plusieurs unités existantes en Afrique et Haïti, suivies par les partenaires de Re-Sources. L’article traite des critères de qualité des composts, de la nature des déchets acceptés, des paramètres de suivi du compostage (température, teneur en eau, apport d’air, granulométrie, rapport C/N) et du procédé de compostage en lui-même, avec des recommandations relatives au tri, au broyage, à la conduite de la fermentation et de la maturation, au tamisage, au conditionnement et au stockage. Il donne quelques éléments de dimensionnement, résume les problèmes les plus fréquents et les solutions proposées. Il conclue sur l’intérêt du développement du compostage dans les pays en développement mais aussi sur les points techniques de vigilance nécessaires pour que cette activité se déroule dans de bonnes conditions.
Ecailles de poissons : nouveau support de biomasse dans les bioréacteurs a lit mobile pour le traitement des effluents des laiteries
Authors: Eljaafari A. , Boutaleb N. , Bahlaouan B. , Taiek T. , Ait Cheikh A. , Jada A. , Bennani M. , Lazar S. , El Antri S.
Published: December 2015

This study focuses on the biological treatment of organic pollution load of effluents dairies. It proposes a new method. i.e. The use of fish scales Diplodus sargus species, as a solid support for colonization of suspended biomass in the bioreactor moving bed in order to improve the properties and quality of clearance. The results of monitoring the parameters of pollution control (pH, COD, MS, total nitrogen) are promising. Finally the amount of scales necessary has been optimized for economic and ecological reasons.

Cette étude porte sur le traitement par voie biologique de la charge polluante organique des effluents des laiteries. Un déchet de la pêche, des écailles de poissons de l’espèce Diplodus sargus cadenati (Sar Gros, E.SG) a été testé en tant que garnissage support de biofilm dans un bioréacteur à lit mobile, dans le but d’améliorer les performances d’épuration. Les résultats obtenus sur certains paramètres de la dépollution (pH, DCO, MES, azote total) sont prometteurs. La quantité d’écailles nécessaire a été optimisée pour des raisons économiques et écologiques.
Genetic analysis of slaughter and carcass quality traits in crossbred rabbits coming from a diallel cross of four maternal lines
Authors: Mínguez C. , Sáchez J.P. , Ragab M. , El Nagar A.G. , Baselga M.
Published: December 2015

An experiment was carried out to estimate the genetic group effects and the crossbreeding genetic parameters of slaughter and carcass traits using data on the rabbits that were progeny of does coming from a full diallel cross between 4 maternal lines (A, V, H and LP) mated to bucks of the paternal line R. The rabbits of the 16 genetic groups, corresponding to the type of does of the diallel cross, were distributed in 4 Spanish farms and 1 genetic group (V line) was present in all farms in order to connect records among them and to be used as reference group. Crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to Dickerson’s model. 1896 rabbits were measured for slaughter traits and 950 for carcass traits. The A and LP lines had the lowest values for dressing percentage (–1.71 and –1.98 compared with H line and –1.49 and –1.75 with the V line, respectively). The A line was the heaviest for commercial carcass weight. No relevant differences were observed between the crossbred groups for all traits. Regarding the reciprocal effects, there were significant differences in favour of A line as sire line in the crossbred AV. Regarding the combination of direct and maternal effects, the A line showed significantly higher values for cold carcass weight (133 g., 71 g. and 142 g. compared to the H, LP and V lines). For the same parameter the H line showed significantly higher averages on dressing percentages than A and LP lines, 1.44 and 2.13%, respectively. Line A also showed, in general, better direct- maternal effects than the V line. Grand-maternal effects were less important than direct-maternal ones. The estimates of maternal heterosis were, in general, negative, which could be a consequence of the positive heterosis for litter size. However, despite this relationship between growth and litter traits, it has not been common to find negative maternal heterosis in growth traits. A diminution of dressing percentage was detected in some crossbreds (AL and LV) and care must be taken if these types are used.
Abstracts of the 27th Hungarian conference on rabbit production
Authors: Conferences, Congresses, Symposiums... Abstracts,
Published: December 2015

About 100 participants took part in the 27th Hungarian Conference on Rabbit Production at Kaposvár, organised by the Kaposvár University, the Hungarian Branch of the WRSA and the Rabbit Production Board. This is the largest and most popular event for rabbit breeders in Hungary. Thirteen papers were presented by senior and young scientists. Topics of the papers covered almost all fields of rabbit research (production, housing and welfare, reproduction, genetics, nutrition). Full papers are available from the organiser (matics.zsolt@ke.hu) on request.
The Effect of Outdoor Weathering on Color Stability of Silicone and Acrylic Resin, Pigments-A Comparative Evaluation: An in vitro Study
Authors: Meshramkar Roseline , Nadiger Ramesh K , Lekha K , Kumar H Dharanendra
Published: December 2015

Maxillofacial prosthetic materials either resin or elastomer used for the fabrication of facial prostheses have their own physical and mechanical properties. Maxillofacial prosthesis frequent replacement because the elastomer or acrylic resin and its pigments undergo color changes.

Purpose

Evaluate the effect of outdoor weathering on color stability of silicone and heat-cure acrylic with two different pigments.

Materials and methods

Total of 80 circular disk specimens, 40 silicone elastomer and 40 heat-cure clear acrylic resin were fabricated in the prepared mold and two dry earth pigments burnt sienna and cobalt blue was added to the specimens and it was subjected to simulated outdoor weathering. Before and after weathering, CIE values of both control and weathering groups were recorded by using spectrophotometer and tabulated. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

Silicone elastomer with burnt sienna showed more color change when exposed to weathering followed by silicone with cobalt blue. Heat-cure with cobalt blue had shown some color change, heat-cure and burnt sienna were the most color stable.

Conclusion

From the study, it can be concluded that heat-cure acrylic resin with burnt sienna most color stable than silicone elastomer.

How to cite this article

Lekha K, Kumar HD, Meshramkar R, Nadiger RK. The Effect of Outdoor Weathering on Color Stability of Silicone and Acrylic Resin, Pigments-A Comparative Evaluation: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(3):81-85.
Patient's Perception on the Esthetic Outcome of Anterior Fixed Prosthetic Treatment
Authors: BinSaleh Saad M , Alhawas Yasser
Published: December 2015

Overview

Patient's perception to the esthetic result of the treatment received can be different from a dentist opinion. Understanding patient's opinion, demand and expectation is part of successful treatment procedure.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate patient's opinion about the esthetic result of the fixed prosthetic treatment received in upper anterior teeth.

Materials and methods

About 90 volunteer subjects, 58 males and 32 females were given a self-evaluation questionnaire with 11 questions to respond as Yes or No. The questions regarded the esthetic result of a fixed prosthodontic treatment received for their upper anterior teeth. The same questioner was completed for each subject by three clinicians through clinical photographs for different views subject's smile. Agreement between patients and clinicians was calculated for all subjects to evaluate patient's perception to their esthetic results.

Results

An agreement of 47.8 to 72.2% was observed between patients and clinicians, and the average agreement was 53.64 to 60%. The highest agreement was related to satisfaction with the color of the crown and/or bridge margin while the least agreement was related to the satisfaction with the natural looking of the restoration.

Conclusion

There was variability in the agreement between the patients and the dentists with the satisfaction of the esthetic result of anterior restoration. Factor, such as gender, age and educational level may affect the results of the agreement.

How to cite this article

Alshiddi IF, BinSaleh SM, Alhawas Y. Patient's Perception on the Esthetic Outcome of Anterior Fixed Prosthetic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):845-849.
Antimicrobial Potential of Momordica charantia L. against Multiresistant Standard Species and Clinical Isolates
Authors: de Freitas Lima Rennaly , de Brito Costa Edja Maria Melo , de Lucena Filho José Hardman Sátiro , de Medeiros Ana Claudia Dantas , Pereira Jozinete Vieira , Granville-Garcia Ana Flávia
Published: December 2015

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal potentialin vitroofMomordica charantiaL. against the microorganisms of clinical interest (standard strains and multiresistant isolates) in order to aggregate scientific information in relation to its use as a therapeutic product.

Materials and methods

M. charantiaL. plant material was acquired in municipality of Malta, Paraiba, Brazil. The extract was obtained through maceration, filtration and then concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator, resulting in a dough, and was then dried in an oven for 72 hours at 40°C. Antimicrobial action of ethanolic extract of seedM. charantiaL. was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against standard strains of bacteria, isolates multiresistant bacteria and Candida species, by microdilution in broth method.

Results

All organisms were sensitive to the extract, being considered strong antimicrobial activity (MIC and MBC/MFC < 0.125 mg/ml).

Conclusion

TheM. charantiaL. showed strong antimicrobial potential, with bactericidal and fungicidal profile, there is the prospect to constitute a new therapeutic strategy for the control of infections, particularly in multiresistant strains.

Clinical significance

The use of medicinal plants in treatment of infectious processes have an important function nowadays, due to the limitations of the use of synthetic antibiotics available, related specifically to the microbial resistance emergence.

How to cite this article

de Lucena Filho JHS, de Freitas Lima R, de Medeiros ACD, Pereira JV, Granville-Garcia AF, de Brito Costa EMM. Antimicrobial Potential ofMomordica charantiaL. against Multiresistant Standard Species and Clinical Isolates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):854-858.
Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris and Irrigant Produced by Different Nickel-Titanium Instrument Systems in Primary Teeth
Authors: Kucukyilmaz Ebru , Savas Selcuk , Saygili Gokhan , Uysal Banu
Published: December 2015

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of extruded debris and irrigant associated with different single-file systems and one multiple-file system.

Materials and methods

Forty-five newly extracted single rooted primary canine teeth were used in this study. The root canals were instrumented using the reciprocating single-file system, the single-file rotary system and the multiple-file rotary system. A 10–6precision micro-balance was used to calculate the amount of extruded debris and irrigant. The incubation period was set as 15 days at 37°C to obtain dry debris. The preparation time for instrumentation was also recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by Manova and Bonferroni adjustment.

Results

Considering the apically extruded debris, while there was statistically significant difference between Reciproc and OneShape groups (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference was found among the other groups (p > 0.05). In terms of irrigation solution, although significant difference was obtained between the Reciproc and other two groups (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference was obtained between the two rotary instruments (p > 0.05). Instrumentation was significantly faster using Reciproc than with all other instrument (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

All systems caused apical debris and irrigant extrusion. Full-sequences rotary instrumentation systems may be preferable for preparation primary teeth.

Clinical significance

This is the first study carrying out to compare both apical debris and irrigation solution extrusion with reciprocal and rotary single-file systems with other preparation systems in primary teeth.

How to cite this article

Kucukyilmaz E, Savas S, Saygili G, Uysal B. Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris and Irrigant Produced by Different Nickel-Titanium Instrument Systems in Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):864-868.
Influence of Concentration and Agitation of Sodium Hypochlorite and Peracetic Acid Solutions on Tissue Dissolution
Authors: Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Silveira Bruna Ramos Franco , Martelo Roberta Bosso
Published: December 2015

Aim and objective

To evaluated the tissue dissolution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PA) solutions at different concentrations, with or without ultrasonic agitation.

Materials and methods

The following solutions were analyzed: 2.5% NaOCl, 0.5, 1 and 2% PA, 1% PA associated with 6.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and saline. Fragments of bovine pulp tissue with 25 ± 2g mg were immersed into test tubes containing 4 mL of the solutions for 10 minutes. In the groups with agitation, pulp tissues were submitted to 2 cycles of 1 minute of ultrasonic agitation. The specimens were weighed after the removal from the solutions. The percentage of mass loss was calculated according to the difference of mass before and after exposure to solutions. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p . 0.05).

Results

A total of 2.5% NaOCl with or without agitation showed the higher tissue dissolution (between 64.5 and 67% of mass reduction) (p < 0.005). By comparing the PA solutions, the concentrations of 1 and 2% with or without agitation and the concentration of 0.5% with agitation showed similar dissolution activity (between 35.4 and 44% of mass reduction). The use of the ultrasonic agitation promoted an increase of the dissolution ability only for 0.5% PA.

Conclusion

Peracetic acid solution has pulp tissue dissolution. However, this ability is lower than 2.5% NaOCl solution.

Clinical significance

The sodium hypochlorite solution shows higher ability to dissolve tissue than PA.

How to cite this article

Tanomaru-Filho M, Silveira BRF, Martelo RB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Influence of Concentration and Agitation of Sodium Hypochlorite and Peracetic Acid Solutions on Tissue Dissolution. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):876-879.
Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children
Authors: Goel Deepak , Bansal Aayushi , Nigam Anant Gopal
Published: December 2015

Background and objectives

To study the effect Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate and Punica granatum oral rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in children.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 children of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. aspera mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. granatum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and innoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the children were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley- Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21.

Results

All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutans count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. chlorhexidine (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. aspera (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. granatum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). Chlorhexidine had marginally better results in reducing S. mutans count.

Conclusion

• Efficacy of chlorhexidine, A. aspera and P. granatum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutans count with chlorhexidine being marginally better than the other two,

• All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated,

• Punica granatum has better antimicrobial effect than A. aspera.

How to cite this article

Bansal A, Marwah N, Nigam AG, Goenka P, Goel D. Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):903-909.
CONTRIBUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGAGEMENT AND ENERGETIC INTERACTION IN REINFORCEMENT OF SBR-SILANE–TREATED SILICA COMPOSITES
Authors: Alimardani Mohammad , Razzaghi-Kashani Mehdi , Karimi Reza , Mahtabani Amirhossein
Published: December 2015

We evaluated the significance of mechanical engagement and energetic interaction between a polymer and a filler as two reinforcing mechanisms in SBR composites containing silica modified by short- and long-chain silanes. To exclude mechanical contributions of reinforcement from that of energetic contributions, surface energy of silica particles was systematically adjusted to prepare fillers of identical and diverse surface energies. Having analyzed interactions using a temperature sweep in a small-strain oscillatory test and a uniaxial tension test, results indicated that the chain length of the silane has remarkable influence on energetic filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions, but no detectable difference associated with filler–polymer mechanical engagement was observed from these experiments. However, dynamic strain sweep experiments showed that the rate of breakage of the filler network (Payne effect) is less for the composite having long-chain silane compared to that having short-chain silane. It was hypothesized that this behavior could be correlated to mechanical engagements of long-chain silanes existing on the filler structure.
To Speak Like a TED Speaker—A Case Study of TED Motivated English Public Speaking Study in EFL Teaching
Authors: Li Yingxia , Gao Ying , Zhang Dongyu
Published: December 2015

This paper intends to investigate the effectiveness of a new course pattern—TED-motivated English Public Speaking Course in EFL teaching in China. This class framework adopts TED videos as the learning materials to stimulate students to be a better speaker. Meanwhile, it aims to examine to what extent the five aspects of language skills are improved. Participants are required to give answers to the questions in the questionnaires. SPSS 15.0 is used to analyze the data. The result shows that students in this course respond very positively to this new pattern and are satisfied with their improvements in language skills; they have shifted their roles from a learner to a creator; their critical listening and thinking abilities are greatly enhanced at the same time.
Adaptive Kernel Estimation of the Conditional Quantiles
Authors: Salha Raid B. , El Shekh Ahmed Hazem I. , EL-Sayed Hossam O.
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we define the adaptive kernel estimation of the conditional distribution function (cdf) for independent and identically distributed (iid) data using varying bandwidth. The bias, variance and the mean squared error of the proposed estimator are investigated. Moreover, the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is investigated.

The results of the simulation study show that the adaptive kernel estimation of the conditional quantiles with varying bandwidth have better performance than the kernel estimations with fixed bandwidth.
Asymptotic Distribution of Cramer-von Mises Statistic When Contamination Exists
Authors: Naka Mayumi , Shibata Ritei
Published: December 2015

In this paper, asymptotic distribution of Cram\'er-von Mises goodness-of-fit test statistic is investigated when contamination exists.
We first derive the asymptotic distribution of the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic when the observations are contaminated with noise as a mixture.
The result is extended to the case where the parameters are estimated by the minimum distance estimator,
which minimizes the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic.
In both cases the asymptotic distribution of the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic is given by that of the weighted infinite sum of non-central $\chi^2_1$ variables and the effect of contamination appears only in the non-centrality of the variables.
We also demonstrate the robustness of the goodness-of-fit test by Monte Carlo simulations when the parameters are estimated
by the minimum distance estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator.
Numerical experiments indicate that the use of the minimum distance estimator makes the test insensitive to contamination whereas the power is retained almost the same as that of the maximum likelihood estimator.
Rules for Identifying the Initial Design Points for Use in the Quick Convergent Inflow Algorithm
Authors: Iwundu M. P. , Ekpo S. U.
Published: December 2015

The starting point of search is an important factor in optimal design construction as a poor starting point may require a longer time before convergence is reached. Hence the location of the initial design points for use in the Quick Convergent Inflow Algorithm on segmented regions is examined with the aim of developing useful criteria for identifying the initial design points. Proportional allocation of design points to go into the initial design measures is proposed. The allocation of 100% vertex points, 100% boundary points and 100% boundary points as well as the allocation of 50% vertex and 50% boundary points, 50% vertex and 50% interior points and 50% interior and 50% boundary points are investigated. Results show that a combination of design points comprising of 50% vertex points and 50% interior points or 50% vertex points and 50% boundary points forms helpful rules in identifying the initial design points for use in the Quick Convergent Inflow Algorithm. With these combinations, a moderate number of iterations needed to reach the required optimal or near-optimal solution is maintained.
Hindernissen voor een ruimer gebruik van herstelrecht
Authors: Laxminarayan Malini , Wolthuis Annemieke
Published: December 2015

Factors limiting a wider accessibility of restorative justice Results of a European research

While most restorative justice research would suggest that victims and offenders are often satisfied with their experiences, the number of referrals to these type of programs remain low. This lack of accessibility was the topic of the European Forum for Restorative Justice project, ‘Accessibility and Initiation of Restorative Justice’. This article reports on the project’s findings with regard to several factors which limit greater accessibility, as supported by the attitudes of referral bodies and restorative justice practitioners examined in the frame of this project. The results of previous research and the current empirical research illustrate how accessibility is hindered by (1) lacking or insufficient restorative justice legislation, (2) exclusion criteria regarding which cases may be suitable to restorative justice procedures, (3) a lack of knowledge among legal actors, restorative justice practitioners and the general public about restorative justice and its benefits, (4) the persistence of a retributive legal culture within criminal justice and (5) a need for greater cooperation among those who are involved whether as referral bodies or mediators or facilitators. Qualitative data is presented to provide a better understanding of these elements, in addition to potential solutions that were reported by the respondents. Furthermore, the authors take a closer look at the current situation in the Netherlands, including an overview of the trainings that were developed within the Accessibility project. The results of these trainings reinforce the factors that were identified by previous research and the current empirical research, and aimed to look for solutions to the main barriers to greater accessibility.
A contribuição de patentes para a inovação sustentável: o caso de um trocador de calor
Authors: Kono Carlos Mamori , Quoniam Luc , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar
Published: December 2015

Patentes são indicadores úteis para inovação, mas o uso de seu valor ainda é muito limitado. Na patente, a necessidade de registro do método, processo ou sistema, de forma precisa, facilita seu entendimento e pode motivar a comunidade científica a direcionar suas pesquisas para essa área, acelerando o progresso tecnológico. Seus dados não são estáticos; patentes citam outras patentes, o que permite uma visão dinâmica dos antecedentes e descendentes tecnológicos que levam ao conhecimento do estado da arte. Neste artigo, objetivou-se identificar os dados de patentes como fonte de inovação tecnológica. Realizaram-se pesquisas em bases de dados de patentes, consideradas fontes de inovação tecnológica para introduzir melhorias em um produto usado como trocador de calor, quando acoplado a um sistema de chuveiro de banho elétrico. Os resultados permitiram chegar ao estado da arte da tecnologia bem como a geração de sugestões de inovações para o produto, evoluindo mais ainda na questão da sustentabilidade dessa tecnologia.
Modelo para otimização da operação de sistemas de distribuição de água utilizando o algoritmo genético multiobjetivo SPEA
Authors: Sousa Anselmo Claudino de , Soares Alexandre Kepler
Published: December 2015

A operação ótima de um sistema de distribuição de água consiste na determinação de regras operacionais que forneçam a maior eficiência hidroenergética do sistema. Neste trabalho, foram estudados três objetivos considerados mais promissores para análise dessa eficiência, os quais são representados por funções objetivo: (i) minimização de perdas por vazamentos de água, (ii) redução do custo de energia elétrica do volume bombeado, e (iii) maximização da confiabilidade do sistema em atender aos padrões de demanda. O modelo proposto foi construído mediante integração computacional do algoritmo evolucionário multiobjetivo SPEA e do simulador hidráulico EPANET 2. A aplicação do modelo mostrou-se promissora, pois os resultados obtidos demonstraram que podem ser produzidas estratégias operacionais que reduzem o custo de energia elétrica e a quantidade de vazamentos na rede de distribuição de água, e, ao mesmo tempo, não comprometem a confiabilidade desse sistema hídrico.
Estimando Orçamento de Resultado em uma Empresa Varejista: uma abordagem por meio de vetor autorregressivo – VAR
Authors: Costa Daniel Fonseca , Prado José Willer do , Castro Júnior Luiz Gonzaga de , Carvalho Francisval De Melo
Published: December 2015

Objetivou-se neste trabalho utilizar o modelo Vetor Autorregressivo (VAR) para auxiliar na elaboração de um orçamento de resultado para empresas de pequeno e médio porte. Utilizou-se da pesquisa quantitativa e exploratória. O modelo foi aplicado em uma empresa varejista de médio porte, e as variáveis usadas foram a receita líquida, o custo das mercadorias vendidas, as despesas operacionais e o resultado financeiro. Os dados foram obtidos mensalmente entre o período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2013. Foi gerado um gráfico para a função resposta aos impulsos nas variáveis. As previsões foram realizadas para a elaboração do orçamento do exercício de 2013. Por fim, o resultado estimado foi comparado com o resultado real da empresa. Diante disso, concluiu-se que o modelo VAR comportou-se de modo eficiente para auxiliar na elaboração do orçamento de resultado da empresa estudada.
Influência do grau de desenvolvimento da organização sobre o grau de inovação nas empresas de pequeno porte
Authors: De Andrade Lima Telma Lúcia , Andrade Macedo Gleógenes , Barros de Moura Izabel Cristina , De Moura Pavão Farias Daniela , Coelho Silva Ornellas Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2015

No momento em que as empresas de pequeno porte (EPP) são reconhecidas como de grande importância para a economia das nações, entende-se que seus principais fatores críticos de sucesso estão associados à inovação e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo é, então, estabelecer políticas e estratégias que possibilitem um ambiente adequado para que essas organizações tornem-se competitivas a partir da inovação. Neste artigo, a partir de uma amostra de 72 empresas, busca-se entender como os fatores internos da organização estão correlacionados com a capacidade de inovar. Usaram-se as métricas dos graus de inovação e de desenvolvimento da organização para avaliar a existência de correlação entre essas variáveis. Identificou-se presença de correlações fracas entre os quatro grupos de 18 empresas do total da amostra. Esse baixo índice de correlação pode ser justificado pelo nível de desenvolvimento institucional em que estão focadas as ações que tratam apenas da sobrevivência e manutenção no mercado.
Como uma organização pode induzir a inovação aberta?
Authors: Carvalho Eduardo Gomes , Gandia Rodrigo Marçal , Sugano Joel Yutaka
Published: December 2015

Quando Chesbrough publicou, há mais de dez anos, o trabalho seminal sobre inovação aberta, ele não criou apenas um termo, mas deu início a uma nova área para pesquisas. Passado esse período de mais de uma década, diversos estudos foram realizados. Contudo, no campo intraorganizacional sua implementação continua pouco explorada. Na literatura, abordam-se, na maioria das vezes, os efeitos das síndromes do “não inventado aqui” e do “não vendido aqui”, mas pouco se discute sobre um modelo conceitual que correlacione os fatores organizacionais indutores da inovação aberta. Neste trabalho, introduz-se um modelo que relaciona a cultura organizacional (também com as síndromes anteriormente apresentadas) e a inovação aberta, baseado em evidências empíricas. Tal modelo, além de contribuir para a literatura da inovação aberta, pode ser ainda utilizado por profissionais das organizações para avaliar e monitorar um ambiente para inovação aberta. Ao final, foram apresentadas as hipóteses, a limitação do estudo e as sugestões para trabalhos futuros.