bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Load testing of Highway Bridge
Authors: Bujňáková Petra , Jošt Jozef , Farbák Matúš
Published: September 2018

New segmental concrete bridge has been built near the city Žilina, aligned on European highway corridor E 50. The bridge is composed of the two separate precast prestressed box girder structure constructed by balanced cantilever method. The total length of both structures is 1042 m. The similar superstructure consists of a total of eighteen continuous spans with main spans of 60.5 m. The construction process, load carrying capacity and monitoring of the bridge has been investigated before the opening of the bridge. The paper presents verification of the structural behaviour of the bridge under static load compared to predicted model for both precast prestressed structures.
Continuous prefabricated cross-beams manufactured by using off-shuttering molding technologies
Authors: Prokopovich Anatoliy , Repekto Vladimir , Aleshin Andrey
Published: September 2018

The paper describes a new constructive solution of prefabricated cross-beams manufactured be using off-shuttering molding technologies. Prefabricated elements of such cross-beams are pre-stressed trough-shaped parts. Together with hollow slab panels, stacked on the upper surfaces of their vertical walls, they serve as permanent shuttering for installing required crosswise and longitudinal (for support moments) reinforcement and for further pouring of cast concrete. The study provides a methodology and gives tests results of three series of prototype samples and of one full-sized prefabricated cross-beam. The purpose of the tests is to study the actual work of prefabricated cross-beams of the proposed construction. To analyze the test results, the authors performed check calculations of prototype samples according to the existing Russian design regulations of reinforced concrete structures. The obtained data analysis leads to a conclusion that the proposed construction of prefabricated cross-beams is quite reliable and makes it possible to give recommendations on their calculation and design.
Technical and economic efficiency of reinforced concrete elements with different types of reinforcement
Authors: Efimenko Ekaterina , Mailyan Liya , Muradyan Viktor
Published: September 2018

The article presents data on the bearing capacity of columns with various combinations of prestressed and conventional reinforcement. The areas of the most effective use of such structures with different eccentricities and flexibilities are shown. The ecology of reinforcement steel is an important task that the designers of reinforced concrete structures face. The creation of effective constructive solutions, that allow to combine high technical characteristics with economic use of reinforcement steel, has become urgent and is necessary for today's development of the construction industry.

In the works [1,2,3,4,5] it was shown that the solution of these problems was possible by creating conditions for the full employment of building materials properties - reinforcement and concrete.

The working reinforcement is characterized by its application in the conventional and prestretched forms. At the same time, the works done in the recent years show that reinforcement, subjected to precompression, can be used in the compressed zone [6,7,8].

It is most effective in rigid reinforced concrete columns. Thus, precompression of all longitudinal reinforcement or its part allows to increase the strength of non-flexible columns with not high relative eccentricities of the external longitudinal force. At the same time, in order to obtain the greatest effect caused by the precompression of the reinforcement, certain conditions must be observed.
Analysis of Applicability of Clegg Impact Soil Tester for Clayey Soils
Authors: Vlcek Jozef , Valaskova Veronika
Published: September 2018

Dynamic test methods are used in numerous civil engineering sections. Evaluation of the earthwork quality can be carried out effectively using these methods. Equipment utilized the dynamic methods, such as Clegg Impact Soil Tester, is portable and usable in cramped areas or difficult accessible places. Another benefit is that these apparatuses can be used for quick controlling of the subsoil layers during the subsoil improvement. Clegg Impact Soil Tester can substitute the common test equipment in terms of the earthworks assessment. However, boundary conditions of apparatus given by the manufacturer need to be taken into account to obtain results with sufficient reliability. Method is based on the impact effect of the test equipment on the ground. Thus, results have to be interpreted carefully considering the type and the physical state of the tested soil.
Application of CBR systems in the process of energy retrofit of single-family detached houses
Authors: Węglarz Arkadiusz , Gilewski Paweł
Published: September 2018

In Poland, there are more than 5 million single-family detached houses, and 35% among them are non-insulated. In the article, we present a concept of application of the case-based reasoning (CBR) systems to support the process of energy retrofit of single-family detached houses. In the proposed CBR system, the energy retrofit process was described using parameters with text and numeric values and also using linguistic variables defined using fuzzy sets. If an investor, designer or contractor encounters a problem in the process of the energy retrofit, he may look for a solution to this problem or similar problems in the CBR system. If he does not find a solution and creates it himself or modifies an existing one, he should put it in the CBR system so that others can benefit from his experience. The proposed CBR system will help in solving the basic Polish (but also Eastern European) problem of energy-saving constructions which is the lack of adequate knowledge of participants in the investment process.
Assessment of shear capacity. Part I: Comparison of shear models used for RC beams design
Authors: Włodarczyk Maria , Czumaj Przemysław
Published: September 2018

This paper briefly describes commonly used methods of determination of shear strength of reinforced concrete beams. Classical method, Eurocode 2 approach and most complex approach proposed by P. D. Zararis in a series of papers are depicted and compared. Experimental tests of RC beams shown in the subsequent paper (Part II) are confronted with the model predictions.
Evaluation of fire damage to the steel structure of an industrial shed
Authors: Lutomirsk Marta , Lutomirski Szczepan
Published: September 2018

The study concerns an analysis of fire damage to the steel structure of an industrial shed. The shed was used as storage for woodchips, which are an easily inflammable material. Despite the fact that the fire did not affect the entire structure, it resulted in an excessive deformation of the roof elements, damage to curtain walls, and the conveyer. The state of safety of the remaining structure was evaluated based on the performed investigation, study of the archive documentation and static calculations. The critical temperature for steel structural elements was estimated. The structure elements requiring replacement were identified.
On force distribution in the staple connections of wood based panels with OSB covers
Authors: Al Sabouni-Zawadzka Anna , Gilewski Wojciech , Pełczyński Jan
Published: September 2018

Prefabricated timber frame structures have been gaining in popularity among the building industry in recent years. The present paper discusses an important aspect of such technologies, which are staple connections of wood based panels with OSB covers. The analysed numerical models indicate a highly non-uniform distribution of forces in staples and show how this phenomenon may be diminished in order to avoid damage of the panels during the transportation and assembly process.
Use of Drilling Muds for Remediation
Authors: Galitskova Yulia
Published: September 2018

Drilling wells is an ecologically dangerous type of work accompanied by contamination of soil, subsurface and surface waters, pollution of open air with drilling and technological wastes. Throughout the drilling process, drilling waste is generated, such as drilling muds, return drilling muds, drilling waste water. The resulting waste is usually disposed of at landfills, which ensure minimal environmental impact. The use of drilling muds in other spheres is hindered by the complex composition of oily waste. Samples of liquids and solids in drilling wastes, picked at three locations, were subjects for analysis. The waste sample was analyzed for moisture content, organic substances, oil products, silicon, iron and other substances. Based on the studies performed, the authors propose additional introduction of substances possessing high sorption capacity into drilling mud to improve its properties. The most effective way should be using a sorbent capable of retaining organic and heavy metals. The resultant homogeneous soil-like mixture possesses the necessary and sufficient properties to be used as a mineral base for remediation after performing construction work in urban areas.
Assessment of sandy soil water permeability methods
Authors: Nikitin Andrey
Published: September 2018

Qualitative assessment of soil permeability is important for designing drainage systems and waterworks. According to the research results, soil permeability factor depends on sample preparation, test method and conditions.

The article summarizes the results of analyzing the factors that influence the permeability of sandy soils: filtration conditions (steady-state and non-steady-state), sample area, compaction method, and sample height.

Water permeability of sand in field conditions was determined by filling a pit with water at a constant head and a stable flow rate. The soil surveyed was medium-grained sand of medium density located above the groundwater table.

Permeability testing in laboratory conditions was carried out using filtration tubes with the area of 20 and 85 cm2. The height of the soil samples was 50 and 100 mm. The laboratory test results showed that the sand permeability factor greatly depends on the compaction method: layer-by-layer compaction, vibration compaction. Different permeability factor values for the surveyed soil were caused by non-uniform vertical compaction of the sample. With the standard test method, the deviation of laboratory test results from the field test results reached 16 to 28%.

When using sand compaction by tamping, the results closest to the actual permeability can be achieved by selecting an optimum weight drop height and reducing the sample height. Meanwhile, filtration conditions and sample area have a negligible effect on sand permeability. The article demonstrates that selecting an optimal compaction method ensures the error of permeability factor determination in laboratory conditions within 5%.
Investigation of changes in the geomechanical properties of oil-contaminated sand in geotechnical construction
Authors: Manko Arthur
Published: September 2018

In this article consider the a present results of the scientific work directed on learnin change of geomechanical properties of sand from pollution its of light hydrocarbon.
Detection of fatigue damage in long-span reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Rubtsov Igor , Alisultanov Ramidin , Zinatullin Alexander , Midrigan Nikolay
Published: September 2018

The emergency situations and catastrophes with buildings and structures may be caused by both the short-time loads considerably exceeding the design load values and the cyclic loads exciting the fatigue damage in the structure material. The cyclic influence is characterized by the amplitude, the cycle asymmetry and the number of loading cycles. To reveal all the factors of a cyclic influence is possible by the on-line measurement of stresses or that of strains at the structure under observation.
The method of the examination of dangerous structures and rehabilitationof their robustness
Authors: Gubeladze Avtandil , Yagovkina Elena , Gubeladze Ivan
Published: September 2018

There are a variety of methods concerning the examination of dangerous structures and rehabilitation of their robustness. One of the methods is uplifting and alignment of buildings with the use of hydraulic jack. Development of the uplift and alignment program is possible if there is a data, which is to be received both before the beginning of the uplift and during the process of recovery of spatial geometry of the building. The development of the uplift and alignment program automatically controls the speed rate of the hydraulic system. The suggested method enables an accurate control of a vertical reach and provides the minimal overload on deformable footing and structure of the building during its uplift and alignment.
Combinatorial Algorithm In Linear Model
Authors: Ižvoltová Jana , Pisca Peter
Published: September 2018

Gauss-jacobi combinatorial algorithm is an alternative approach to traditional iterative numerical methods, which is primary oriented for parameter estimation in nonlinear models. The combinatorial algorithm is often exploited for outlier diagnosis in nonlinear models, where the other parameter estimation methods lose their efficiency. The paper describes comparison of both of gauss-jacobi combinatorial and gauss-markov models executed on parameter estimation process of levelling network for the reason to find the efficiency of combinatorial algorithm in simply linear model.
Regularized singular boundary method for groundwater flow in a cofferdam
Authors: Mužík Juraj , Bulko Roman
Published: September 2018

The boundary integral methods form one group of methods for solving differential equations. The boundary element method (BEM) is the basic method of this group. However, it requires the boundary mesh of elements and the evaluation of improper singular integrals, that arise due to fundamental solution singularity. Therefore, boundary meshless methods have recently have come into focus to remove these shortcomings. One of the most promising boundary collocation numerical schemes is the singular boundary method (SBM). To tackle the singularity of the fundamental solution, this method adopts the concept of original intensity factors (OIFs). The application of the proposed SBM scheme to groundwater flow in the cofferdam structure is presented and compared to the finite element method (FEM) solution.
Application of concrete deformation model for calculation of bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Murashkin Vasiliy , Murashkin Gennadiy
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a brief historical reference of the theory of reinforced concrete structures calculation and its. It shows that modeling of concrete deformations makes it possible not only to carry out calculations of durability and to determine reinforced concrete elements deflection under the estimated load, but also to analyze their a stress-strain state at each stage. The study suggests a new model of concrete deformation which makes it possible to make calculations of concrete elements with characteristics which are different from those given in specification documents. The researchers use the proposed model of deformation and calculate curved reinforced concrete beam bearing capacity. These calculations for normally reinforced elements do not considerably differ from the calculations given in the documents. All the main functional dependencies on the calculation stages are visualized.
Analyzing building materials and their properties in connection with the theory of experiment planning
Authors: Dormidontova Tatiana , Filatova Anastasiya
Published: September 2018

The task of planning an experiment can be divided into two stages: screening experiments conducting, step-by-step experiments performed on complete factorial design or on fractional replicates. As the number of publications on the practical use of plans-experiments in construction is insufficient, the paper presents appropriate recommendations in common form. Screening experiments are usually conducted with the aim of approximate orientation among many factors and for more precise future planning. These experiments can be carried out on the minimum fractional replicates making it possible to obtain the first order model. After obtaining the model, the factors that are included in it are appropriately ranked. Using the results of ranking, researchers take into account economic considerations, leave away unimportant factors and conduct experiments with remaining factors to obtain a mathematical model of the process. In order to find out the nomenclature of these factors, screening experiments are carried out. These experiments are performed to obtain an approximate dependence between the outcome of the process and the factors. This dependence is used to determine the influence that each of the factors has on the experience result. When the crucial factors are considered, it is possible to plan the basic experiment.
Specific utilization methods of high-melting wastes from the enterprises of chemistry and non-ferrous metallurgy
Authors: Khlystov Aleksey , Shirokov Vladimir , Vlasova Elena
Published: September 2018

The article provides information on industrial waste generation at enterprises of the Samara region, suitable for use as raw materials components of such heat-resistant composites as solutions, concretes, gun mixes, coatings. The research indicates rational ways of some heat-resistant binders application for utilization of mineral high-melting and heat-resistant industrial wastes. It proves that the enrichment of certain types of industrial waste, i.e. bringing the chemical composition of their components to the required state, allowed to expand the raw material base for the synthesis of heat-resistant binders and concrete in general. The use of sludge waste in the processes of synthesizing liquid phosphate binders allowed to obtain such effective binders as aluminophosphates and aluminocalciumphosphates. The research proves that application of technogenic wastes of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises allows to receive heat-resistant materials solutions, concretes, coatings, gun mixes which characteristics are similar to their industrial analogues.
Overflowing phreatic dams built with the use of modern composite materials
Authors: Mikhasek Andrey , Rodionov Maxim , Litvinova Margarita , Mingafin Rinat
Published: September 2018

Costs and terms of hydroelectric complexes construction, of low pressure constructions in particular, can be significantly reduced by ensuring the safe passage of flood discharge through the crest of water-retaining structures. When water-retaining structures are made from soils, this condition can only be fulfilled by creating special fastenings of a crest and dam slopes from erosion. There is a large number of technical solutions for overflowing phreatic dams construction with the use of stone, concrete, reinforced concrete and metal. However, most of them have specific disadvantages. They are high materials consumption, labour input and expenses. These disadvantages, in our opinion, can be minimized by applying modern composite materials such as geosynthetic shells, concrete-filled textile floor-floor-mats and coarse-pored concrete. The paper describes structures of overflowing phreatic dams invented by the authors with the use of modern composite materials, as well as the results of model hydraulic studies of overflowing phreatic dams with a downstream slopes formed by geosynthetic shells.
Peculiar features of silicate materials curing
Authors: Sidorenko Yulia , Guryanov Alexander , Kozlov Vyacheslav
Published: September 2018

The papers on contact-condensing (non-autoclave) curing of silicate materials point at the expediency of technology development. Non-autoclave silicate products of M 100 … 300 grades can be used in low-rise and individual housing construction. The complexity of practical implementation of the technology associated with the processes occurring in the field of highly dispersed phases requires research on micro capsulation of hydro silicate binder, in particular, the maintenance of its properties in technological redistribution. High surface energy of newgrowth causes particle clustering. It is desirable to obtain aggregates characterized by the lowest energy of their total intercrystallite interaction. Main mechanism of directed structure formation at the boundaries of the sections of the given binder is ultradisperse particles with a high adsorption capacity and adhesive ability, the main purpose of which is to strengthen the contact zone. The novelty of the proposed solutions lies in the fact that contact formation zone is presented as a multilayer system having different rheological characteristics. The study and description of contact-condensing processes occurring in unstable hydrosilicate systems as well as the sol-gel technologies are the important aspects in the foundations development of modern material science, the creation of materials and new generation products.
Methods of estimating reserves of productivity growth
Authors: Oleinik Pavel , Kuzmina Tatyana
Published: September 2018

Two levels of the estimation of labor productivity reserves are considered: for lower-level (secondary) subdivisions and a construction enterprise. For secondary subdivisions it is recommended to implement the full-scale approach through interconnected single-factor, multifactor and predictable methods. The ground of these methods is based on corre-lation-regressive models of changes in natural output by types of construc-tion and installation works. For the construction enterprise, the authors have allocated groups of factors that determine the average annual output per worker-production of contract works, their structure, production assets and circulating assets, labor, prime cost and operational management. The foregoing provisions are illustrated by examples based on a large body of statistical information from construction practice.
Regarding some aspects of the reorganization of buildings in the “human-technology-nature” system
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben , Khvan Vitaly
Published: September 2018

Reorganization and its variety - building reconstruction - accompanies humanity throughout its highly developed existence. Since the formation of the city, three trends have clearly manifested themselves. The first is the sealing of the building in the center of the city, determined by the presence of ambition and prestige, manifested by the most affluent part of the townspeople who prefer to buy more expensive housing. The second is the expansion of the boundaries of cities near which middle-class people live, ensuring the existence of the city as a social conglomerate and serving it in all aspects. The third is the naturally occurring processes of physical and moral deterioration of buildings throughout the city. All these trends define for centuries the urgency of the construction reconstruction that does not reduce its “glow.” The article compares the currently known innovative types of building reconstruction, many of which are open. Based on the structural-linguistic information analysis of the aggregate of such types of building reconstruction, the idea of forming a single base of elementary operations and processes of construction production, which allows to form new innovative types of reconstruction as a composition of the elements of this base, is proposed.
Resource-saving materials based on hydrophobic low water demand binder
Authors: Tkach Evgeniya , Sadchikova Yuliya
Published: September 2018

This research have shown that the developed composition and method for preparation of granulated organic–mineral admixture S–3SSA allow production in drum granulator of cement materials modifier with de-sired properties using proposed mixing procedure for the admixture ingre-dients which include, mass. %: superplasticizer S–3 – 10; soap stock – 20; salt of inorganic acid – 30 and ash – 40. On the basis of laboratory studies, a ratio of the components included in the molding compound for pressed bricks with improved physical and technical properties was defined. Opti-mal composition of the molding compound should contain the following, mass.%: binder - 10; clay - 5; sand - 82; water - 3. A technological proce-dure for production of pressed brick based on gypsum binders of low water demand (GLWDB) was developed and technological production parame-ters were defined: moulding compound moisture content - 6%; raw materi-al strength – 0.4 MPa; specific pressure - about 15 MPa, curing conditions - natural. Basic physical and technical properties of pressed brick based on GVNV–50S were identified and studied. Strength kinetics, MPa: 1 day – 6.8; 3 days - 12.3; 28 days – 27; density-1950 kg / m3; softening coefficient equal.
Modeling of structuring processes at hardening of expanding cements and concretes on their basis
Authors: Kharchenko Igor , Panchenko Alexander , Kharchenko Alexey , Alekseev Vyacheslav
Published: September 2018

This paper reports the results of experimental research of the effect of strain-restriction conditions on the structure and properties of sulfoaluminate expanding cementitious materials. Theoretical analysis of the development of pattern formation processes is performed by applying the developed rheological model, illustrating features of the kinetics of structure-forming processes according to the ratio of the potential index of extension with linear, flat and volumetric limitation of deformations of the extension. The results show that rheological model adequately correlates with the results of experimental studies and can be described mathematically. Found that with the volume limitation of deformations arising when mixing crystallographic phases with high density and strength, the pore structure of the cement stone contains mainly gel pores. This is the main prerequisite for obtaining a dense, high-strength and durable structure of cement stone and concrete on its basis.
Application of methods of the theory of multiphase queueing systems to the problems of optimizing the resources of service companies in the field of housing sector
Authors: Khayrullin Rustam , Myasnikov Alexey
Published: September 2018

The scientific - methodological approach to calculation of duration and estimation of complexity of the expertise of technical and operational documentation for measuring equipment and technical devices used in the field of construction and housing sector is suggested. The approach is based on both the theory of queueing systems and probabilistic and statistical methods. The developed approach is implemented in the form of package of applied programs. The software based on complex using the principle of decomposition of object into constituent parts, the queuing theory and the method of expert estimations. The software allows on the basis of the results of statistical data processing for the past periods of work to receive both estimates of the average time of the expertise as a whole, and the estimates of the individual expertise stages. The algorithm for calculating the required number of employees for quality customer service is developed, taking into account the restriction on the waiting time of the request in the queue. The obtained results make it possible to make optimal use of working personnel at various work sites, taking into account their qualifications and training. The developed approach can be used to form a “fair price list” for private clients and enterprises - customers of expertise.
Assessment of the business potential impact on the controllability of an investment-construction project
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Tsopa Natalya , Kovalskaya Lubov
Published: September 2018

The article discusses the important applied problem dedicated to the theoretical and methodological justification for assessing the impact of business potential on the controllability of an investment-construction project. It is proved that the business potential of the investment-construction project characterizes its potential managing opportunities. In the article the terms of the theory of controlled development of investment-construction projects are formalized. Business potential of the project is considered as a set of four components: organizationally-technological, economic, financial and human resources. In order to determine the level of controllability of the investment-construction project business potential, an algorithm was developed for assessing the project. This algorithm involves four basic stages: preparation, application development, analytical and operational stages. The algorithm developed in the article was approved by an example of the project for the construction of a car showroom. The level of investment-construction project business potential sustainability is defined by a special scale. The results of the project business potential assessment allow to make target regulation solutions for the project development.
A model of two-velocity particles filtration with variable injection
Authors: Galagus Yuri , Safina Galina
Published: September 2018

The filtration problems are actual in the design of underground storage facilities for hazardous waste. When the grout is injected into the porous soil, the fluid penetrates deep into the rock and, when solidified, blocks the pores. A model of suspension flow with 2-size particles moving with different velocities in a porous medium is considered. The proposed model of deep bed filtration generalizes the known equations of mass balance and particle capture kinetics for a fluid flow with various particles. The injection of a suspension with periodically changing concentration is considered. Exact and asymptotic solutions are obtained. The asymptotics rapidly converges to the numerical solution.
Quantification of the noise charges for the selected road network sections
Authors: Margorínová Martina , Lep Marjan , Trojanová Mária
Published: September 2018

Road traffic is the most used kind of transportation which has a lot of benefits. Except of these benefits, the road traffic causes a lot of negative impacts like a congestions, air pollution and noise. The proposal of European Parliament is reduction of these impacts by their inclusion to the road charges. In the annex of amending directive 1999/62ES are stated prices for congestion and external costs. If the member state wants higher amount like are stated, they have to be calculated. One element of external costs is noise costs. Noise from road transport causes health problems and has annoying effect to people. In this article, it was processed proposal of noise charges quantification, which consist of a few steps. This process was applied for quantifying noise charges with real values for Slovakia and Slovenia.
The use of recycled waste products in a sustainable house design - a case study
Authors: Iringová Agnes
Published: September 2018

The current state of waste production and management in Slovakia. Legislative regulations. Analysis of applying recycled waste products in the construction of sustainable buildings as a substitution of non-renewable materials. The comparison of the physical parameters of recycled materials with non-renewable materials in terms of thermal and fire protection. The construction solution of lightweight building envelopes with a timber supporting system using the thermal insulation and facing made of recycled materials. The model solution of a wood-based family house using recycled waste materials. The comparison of the environmental burden of a standard lightweight sandwich peripheral wall with a recycled waste wall.
Surface modification of mineral filler using nanoparticles for asphalt application
Authors: Inozemtsev Sergey , Korolev Evgeniy
Published: September 2018

A model for surface modification of mineral filler in asphalt mixes using nanoparticles which control sorption ability of light fractions of bitumen represented in this research. Colloidal solutions of iron hydroxide (III) and silicic acid sols with 30-40 nm particles size were used as an active functional layer for surface modification of mineral filler. In this study were determined an effective boundary values for nanomodified filler based on morphological characteristics of asphalt surface. It was demonstrated, that the development of an effective nanomodified filler required using a high porosity mineral component, modified with nanolayer (less than 100 nm) of an active component.
Using apparatus with vortex layer of ferromagnetic particles for production of unburnt synthanite
Authors: Kaklyugin Alexander , Trishchenko Inna , Kozlov Alexander , Kastornykh Lyubov
Published: September 2018

Here is offered a method of production of unburnt synthanite from natural minerals using apparatus with vortex layer of ferromagnetic particles. There was fulfilled comparative quality analyses of anhydrite binding substances, produced by anhydrite rock milling together with complex solidifying activator in traditional ball mills, and substances produced by our method. It was stated that achieved rising of the hydration activity of synthanite by collective milling of the raw material components was a result of ferromagnetic particles hindered impact under magnetic field influence. The reason for such activity is not only increase in specific surface area of the milling material, but changes in anhydrite structure at the crystalline grid level, preserving a lot of defects on the separate particle surface.
Environmental safety management of urban building by regulation of formation process of exhaust gases of motor vehicles
Authors: Badalyan Liparit , Kurdjukov Vladimir , Ovcharenko Alla
Published: September 2018

Modern development of the construction industry involves accounting and assessment of operating conditions of structures. Excessive technological environmental impact can lead to economic losses and a decrease in the efficiency of investment projects in construction. Mobile sources emission record is an important component of the ecosystem state diagnosis in modern cities. For scientifically substantiated and reliable determination of the mass flow of the motor vehicles pollutants it is necessary to take into account the mixture formation and combustion of the working mixture in the internal combustion engine. The article describes the authors' approach to calculating the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gases based on the characteristics of the vehicle's transport operations available for operational control. Studies have shown that, when using a particular fuel, the determination of the volume flow rate of exhaust gases can be reduced to finding the power of the engine . In addition, the composition changes of the fuel (or fuel replacement) and the regulation of the effective power of the engine (by organization of traffic) allow to influence on the volume and composition of the emission of exhaust gases of vehicles and on the pollution of the urban environment in general. The results of the studies make it easier to calculate the mass of pollutant emissions by the transport stream into the outer air and can be used as preliminary data to assess the negative anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem.
Resource-saving technologies for cleaning gas emissions in the production of building materials
Authors: Skorik Tatiana , Galkina Natalia , Glazunovà Elena
Published: September 2018

High requirements to ensure sanitary and hygienic working conditions and reduce harmful emissions into the environment are provided through ventilation systems equipped with efficient and economical equipment. The task of improving the air basin is to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the ambient air to the level of MPC and lower, which, with increasing volumes of ventilation and process emissions, determines the increased requirements for industrial filters. The most effective are wet devices, in which the process of gas cleaning is carried out through interaction with the liquid, most often with water. The authors developed a number of high-efficiency dust-collecting apparatuses, in which the majority of methods for contacting elements with a liquid are realized simultaneously, which determines the maximum completeness of gas purification from dusts with different physico-chemical properties. One of them is an aerohydrocyclone intended for combined simultaneous cleaning of a technological product in the form of a suspension and dusty air removed from the shelters of technological equipment. This apparatus with internal circulation of liquid, where the concentration of trapped dust in the irrigating liquid affects the efficiency of dust collection, the frequency of water replacement, the operating mode and the load of the water-slurry farm. The particulate materials of the slurry intensifies the process of dispersion, irrigating liquid and its structural viscosity, as well as the stability of the formed foam, which contributes to a more effective manifestation of various wet dust collection mechanisms.The implementation of the installation of a wet dust collector for complex cleaning in the technological line for the preparation of lime milk from the construction materials factory made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust in emissions at the maximum level of ensuring the economy of aspiration systems. The obtained results testify to the positive experience of the operation of wet dust collectors for complex cleaning in the building materials industry, and the regularities connecting the operation modes of the apparatus with the properties of trapped dusts and the features of technological processes make it possible to recommend them for use in various enterprises.
Economic justification of the choice of the thermal protection of buildings
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Frolova Anastasya
Published: September 2018

A large number of factors influence the economically feasible heat transfer resistance of the building enclosing structures. First of all, it is the cost of insulation and heat for the building heating in the cold season. As shown by studies, it is not enough for air-conditioned buildings. The result depends on the mode of the building operation in time and the heat load on the heating and cooling systems. Therefore, in addition to these significant factors of economic feasibility of the thermal protection level, there are the cost of electricity for the production of cold for cooling the building, the cost of the building heating and cooling systems and the cost of connection to power supply networks. The got result is important to convey to the professional community in a clear and compact form. In the present work the buildings of administrative and office purpose are considered, the working day of which lasts from 9-00 to 18-00 hours with different specific heat supply from 0 to 80 W/m2 on the estimated area during working hours. Generalization of the research results is made on the basis of specific heat protection characteristics of the building, which is a product of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the building and the compactness coefficient. The total heat transfer coefficient of the building characterizes the heat losses and the heat inflows to the building through the enclosing structures, and the compactness coefficient can serve as an indicator of the surface area of the building, which is covered with insulation. For these buildings provision has been made for identification of the areas of the total discounted cost combination for all of the above components and the specific heat protection characteristics of the building relating to the feasibility of the specified level of the thermal protection.
Air TRITIA transport model
Authors: Drličiak Marek , Čelko Ján
Published: September 2018

The project AIRTRITIA has a uniform approach to the air pollution management system for functional urban areas in Tritia region. AIR TRITIA aims to increase air quality management capacities of public sector bodies through the development of a unified spatial information database, introducing new management and pollution prediction tools and air quality strategies. The article presents the transport model of Tritia region. The University of Žilina merged data from several traffic models to one on Tritia region. The traffic model will be the main input for the generalized emission model. The main topic of the article is a description of merging of the transport models. The detailed description is aimed to Žilina function area (FUA) in Slovakia.
Residential buildings conceptual cost estimates with the use of support vector regression
Authors: Juszczyk Michał
Published: September 2018

Cost analyses, and the conceptual cost estimates among them, are of the key importance for the construction projects successes. Implementation of neural networks or machine learning methods provides broad possibilities for this specific type of cost. The aim of the paper is to present some results of the studies on the use of support vector regression as a machine learning tool for conceptual cost estimates of residential buildings. Results for three models based on support vector regression and radial basis kernel functions are introduced.
Numerical analysis and experimental research on load carrying capacity of water-lubricated tilting-pad thrust bearings
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Gao Gengyuan , Yin Zhongwei , Wang Yanzhen , Gao Chao
Published: September 2018

Water-lubricated bearings are expected to be widely used because of convenience, green, safe and energy saving. The purpose of this study is to investigate the load carrying property of water-lubricated tilting-pad thrust bearings. A large amount of numerical analyses are undertaken based on computational fluid dynamics and the optimization method of pivot location and the calculation method of minimum film thickness are summarized. A thrust bearing is designed according to the numerical results and is tested by experiments. The experimental results validate the numerical method and the minimum film thickness to surface roughness ratio corresponding to the change of bearing lubrication regime from mixed lubrication to hydrodynamic lubrication is obtained.
Investigation of sheet bending parameters on springback in nickel coated mild steel sheets using response surface methodology
Authors: Pritima D. , Padmanabhan P.
Published: September 2018

Springback is the geometric change during forming process and it affects the dimensional accuracy of a finished product. This study aims to analyse the issue of springback in sheet bending by using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of punch travel (d), strain hardening index (n), holding time (t), punch velocity (v) and width of the sheet (w) on the springback was explained by contour plots. The experiments were designed as per Centre Composite design and also linear and quadratic polynomial equations were used for developing the mathematical model. The experimental results of the punch travel, velocity, width of the sheets increased which increases the springback. The holding time increases when the springback decreases. ANOVA analysis was used to identify the most significant factor which affects the springback and it indicates that the springback is inversely proportional to the holding time and the springback is directly proportional to the width of the sheets. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X rays analysis for the nickel coated mild steel were also reported.
Numerical analysis of the effects of compression ring wear and cylinder liner deformation on the thermal mixed lubrication performance of ring-liner system
Authors: Liu Cheng , Lu Yanjun , Wang Peng , Zhang Yongfang , Zhang Yonggui , Müller Norbert
Published: September 2018

The lubrication performance of roughness compression ring-cylinder liner system (CRCL) with axial-asymmetric new/worn compression ring and out-of-round cylinder liner is studied in this paper. By considering the oil film thermal effect, cavitation phenomenon, and surface roughness, the energy equations, mass conservation Jacoboson-Floberg-Olsson (JFO) cavitation algorithm, generalized average Reynolds equation, and Greenwood-Tripp asperity contact model are employed to investigate the frictional behaviors of CRCL. The oil film thickness, friction forces, wear, and power loss of CRCL are investigated at various wear stages of compression ring. The effects of the magnitude of cylinder liner deformation on the frictional characteristics of CRCL are also analyzed with consideration of compression ring conformability. Numerical results show that the deformation of cylinder liner and the wear of compression ring have a significant influence on the lubrication performance. It also suggests that the oil film thermal effect should be considered in the numerical analysis to provide an accurate prediction on the frictional behaviors of CRCL.
Obtaining mathematical functions of the propeller thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at non-uniform wake flow including geometry effects
Authors: Mahmoodi Kumars , Ghassemi Hassan , Nowruzi Hashem
Published: September 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain mathematical functions of the propeller thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at non-uniform flow. Two types of inflow wakes from Seiun-Maru ship and INSEAN 7000 DWT Tanker are investigated for the B-series propeller. The computed results include the thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations and their mathematical functions under the influence of two different wakes for one blade and all blades of the studied propellers. To this accomplishment, variation of thrusts and torques coefficients under different pitch ratio, expanded area ratio and number of blades are investigated using classical mathematical methods in one cycle and the Fourier coefficients with ten terms are presented for each case. The results of thrust and torque coefficients at different propeller geometries are presented and discussed.
Funktionelle Tests als Entscheidungskriterium für die Rückkehr von Spielsportlern nach einer Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: Wilke Christiane , Grimm Lars , Hoffmann Björn , Froböse Ingo
Published: September 2018

Eine Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) stellt eine schwerwiegende Verletzung im Spielsport dar, die sowohl für den Athleten als auch für den Verein zeit- und kostenintensiv ist. Aufgrund der vielseitigen und anspruchsvollen Belastung der unteren Extremitäten sind vor allem Spielsportler häufig von der schweren Verletzung mit langem Rehabilitationszeitraum betroffen. Bezogen auf den Wiedereinstieg in den Sport variieren die Zeiträume stark. Zur Bestimmung des Zeitpunkts der Rückkehr in den Sport werden bereits verschiedene Ansätze diskutiert, diesen mittels funktioneller Testverfahren zu quantifizieren. Ein Konsens hinsichtlich relevanter Parameter, der verfügbaren Testverfahren und der Interpretation der Testwerte existiert jedoch nicht. Auf der Basis des Anforderungsprofils der Spielsportart Fußball berücksichtigt die vorliegende Arbeit insbesondere funktionelle Tests für die Anforderungen Kraft, Schnelligkeit, Agility und Bewegungsqualität als koordinative Eigenschaft. Neben den Testverfahren für einzelne Beanspruchungsformen werden auch kombinierte Testprotokolle diskutiert. Es werden sowohl die Durchführungsvarianten und wissenschaftlichen Gütekriterien als auch die Anwendbarkeit in der Praxis beschrieben. Während beidbeinige Sprünge Seitenunterschiede nur durch zusätzliches Equipment wie Kraftmessplatten oder Marker ermitteln können, eignen sich vor allem Hop Tests zur Aufdeckung von Seitendifferenzen anhand des Symmetrie-Index. Eine Vielzahl an kombinierten Testprotokollen ist bereits vorhanden, jedoch decken diese bisher nur einen Teilbereich des Anforderungsprofils eines Spielsportlers ab. Für die Praxis sollte eine geeignete Testbatterie mit einer Auswahl der beschriebenen funktionellen Tests zusammengestellt werden, die wissenschaftlichen und praktikablen Richtwerten unterliegen und zudem als Pre-Injury Screening vor und während der Saison eingesetzt werden können.