bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposals for Quantifying the Standard of Judicial Review on Discretionary Dispositons: Analyzing a Case Database with ChatGPT
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Park Garim
Published: July 2023

In previous cases related to judicial review of discretionary actions in administrative law, the focus has been on determining whether there was an abuse or deviation of discretionary power, resulting in insufficient assessment of individual reasons and explanation. Identifying specific reasons for judicial review of discretionary actions is necessary, as it influences the claims and evidentiary directions of the parties involved in administrative litigation and affects administrative authorities' actions. This study explores the possibility of quantitatively extracting individual judgment elements through attempts to concretize and typify the reasons for judicial review. As a premise for finding a quantitative method for judicial review criteria, Chapter 2 of this study collected and analyzed cases related to discretionary actions by building a database and utilized ChatGPT in the process. Although ChatGPT could not directly derive analytical results, it was confirmed that it could perform tasks that coding experts previously conducted and offer assistance in exploring analysis methods through question-and-answer interactions. Based on this analysis experience, Chapter 3 researched methods to schematize the principle of proportionality, a general judgment criterion for discretionary dispositions. The study expressed and coded the comparative magnitude of public and private interests using decision trees and considered ways to fill in each of the specific elements encompassed within public and private interests. We proposed how these criteria could be utilized in future judicial review outcome prediction systems and in arguments and evidence in actual trials. Quantifying the judgment factors by analyzing the judicial review criteria for discretionary dispositions of administrative agencies means filling in the reasons for judgments at the abstract level to a level that the general public can understand, thereby increasing the predictability of the court's judgments, enhancing trust in administrative precedents, and creating a meaningful link that can lead to reasonable discretionary dispositions and ultimately contribute to the advancement of the rights and interests of the people. In subsequent studies, artificial intelligence is used in the process of subdividing public and private factors and each subdivided element is quantified, so that anyone can understand the difficult discretion of the courts. Additionally, it is hoped that courts can deliver more rational and explainable decisions by being aware of the increasingly fine-grained aspects of judgment.
A Study on the Use of Chat GPT and Copyright Issues
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Jung Yoon-kyoung
Published: July 2023

The development of big data analysis and deep learning technologies triggered by the 4th industrial revolution created an opportunity to expand the scope of application and application of artificial intelligence to our lives. Beyond the level where conventional artificial intelligence was merely a means of assisting human decision-making or action, it has reached a stage where it analyzes vast amounts of data to identify problems on its own, create optimal answers, and even self-examine errors. A representative example is the Chat GPT service. Recently, however, copyright infringement disputes have been reported in this regard. For example, in January 2023, Getty Images filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Stability AI, the developer of 'Stable Diffusion', and in April 2023, Twitter CEO Elon Musk also announced its intention to file a copyright infringement lawsuit against Microsoft (MS). In this regard, in this paper, first, as an issue derived from data use, chat GPT does not disclose how to learn data, so it is difficult to confirm whether scrolling and scraping are prohibited information has been collected, and chat GPT service is fair. It was pointed out that there are elements that are difficult to see as use, that the scope of TDM exemption is different for each country, and that TDM exemption regulations have not yet been introduced in Korea. Then, as a way to determine and protect copyright infringement of chat GPT products, first, in relation to authors and rights attribution, the contribution of artificial intelligence and humans to creation is divided and marked by stages (by year), and rights attribution must be different accordingly, second, in relation to the judgment of substantial similarity, refer to the criteria for functional works, but in the case of artificial intelligence products, there is a limit to determining whether or not copyright infringement is caused only by human feelings, so plagiarism verification or copyright infringement prevention programs must be developed and applied. Third, in relation to copyright protection institutions, it is appropriate to stipulate the protection period of artificial intelligence products at 5 years, but a two-dimensional approach must be taken so as not to reduce the incentive for human creation. Fourth, in relation to civil and criminal legal responsibilities, the Product Liability Act Referring to the provisions of the Senate Civil Act, it was proposed that artificial intelligence developers and users jointly and jointly take responsibility in principle, but that responsibilities should be assigned differentially depending on whether there was a violation of the duty of care or negligence. Based on the contents examined in this paper, it is necessary to actively seek rational and systematic ways to regulate generative artificial intelligence services.
A Study on the use of Medical Devices for diagnosis of Oriental Medical Doctors: With a Focus on the Commentary on the Supreme Court Decision 2016Do21314 Decided December 22, 2022
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim Sung-Eun , Baek Kyoung-Hee
Published: July 2023

South Koreaʼs medical system is dualized into Western medicine and oriental medicine, and accordingly, the doctorʼs license and oriental medical doctorʼs license system are in operation. Until now, the Supreme Court has judged the criteria for determining whether an unlicensed medical practice is established for the use of diagnostic medical devices by oriental doctors as follows. First, the legislative purpose of the dual medical system, Second, the provisions and purposes of laws related to the medical practice, Third, the academic principles underlying the medical practice, and Fourth, the course, purpose, and appearance of the medical practice, Fifth, it is necessary to comprehensively consider whether medical schools and oriental medicine universities have secured expertise through curriculum or national tests, and to make a reasonable judgment in light of social norms. However, the recent Supreme Court's Decision 2016Do21314 Decided December 22, 2022 ruled that oriental doctorsʼs using an ultrasound diagnostic device did not constitute unlicensed medical practice. The criteria for judging the majority opinion of the en banc judgment are as follows. First, the relevant laws and regulations should prohibit oriental medical doctors from using the medical device. Second, in light of the characteristics of the device and the level of basic and professional knowledge and technology required for its use, oriental medicine doctors should use it as an auxiliary means of diagnosis. Third, in light of the circumstances, purpose, and appearance of the entire medical practice, it should be considered whether it is clear that the use of the diagnostic device by oriental doctors is irrelevant to the application and application of it based on the principle of oriental medical practice. Fourth, from the perspective of criminal justice, the meaning of oriental medical practice should be clearly and strictly interpreted from the perspective of oriental medicine doctors, it was judged that diagnostic medical devices should be excluded from criminal punishment unless it is clear that they are not related to the principle of oriental medical practice. The use of medical devices by oriental doctors presupposes or links to oriental doctorsʼ diagnosis and treatment behavior, and diagnosis has a significant role in determining whether to treat or not and setting treatment methods. This paper aims to reduce the possibility of harm associated with medical accidents and help establish a reasonable doctor and oriental medical doctor license system by comprehensively examining diagnostic medical devices that have been mainly problematic.
PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (PTM) BERBASIS MASJID DI DESA GUMPANG KARTASURA
Authors: Suratih Kanthi , Cahyanto Erindra Budi
Published: July 2023

Jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus di Indonesia tahun 2030 diperdiksi oleh WHO menyentuh angka 13, 7 juta jiwa. Prevalensi hipertensi akan terus meningkat tajam diprediksikan tahun 2025 sekitar 29% orang dewasa di seluruh dunia menderita hipertensi. Hipertensi telah mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 8 juta orang setiap tahun 1,5 juta kematian terjadi di Asia Tenggara, yang sepertiga populasinya menderita hipertensi. Pemantauan status kesehatan sebagai upaya screening awal untuk mendukung usaha promotive dan preventif kejadian penyakit tidak menular di masyarakat. Metode dengan mengoptimalisasikan peran masyarakat berbasis masjid, dalam upaya mendukung peningkatan kesehatan di masyarakat. Kegiatan pendampingan masyarakat melalui kegiatan screening  kesehatan secara mandiri  meliputi pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan pemeriksaan darah seperti kadar gula darah dan kolesterol serta mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan terkait masalah kesehatan yang banyak diderita oleh usia  dewasa. Hasil kegiatan program pencegahan PTM ini dihadiri  peserta kegiatan sejumlah 59 orang didapatkan bahwa sebesar 32 % memiliki kadar kolesterol tingi, kemudian sebanyak 16 % kadar gula darah tinggi dan 24 % peserta program mengalami hipertensi Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus; hipertensi,; kolesterol; pencegahan;  penyakit tidak menularMOSQUE BASED NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTION PROGRAM INGUMPANG KARTASURA VILLAGEAbstract  The number of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2030 is predicted by WHO to touch 13.7 million people. The prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase sharply, it is predicted that in 2025 around 29% of adults worldwide suffer from hypertension. Hypertension has resulted in the death of around 8 million people every year. 1.5 million deaths occur in Southeast Asia, where one third of the population suffers from hypertension. Monitoring health status as an initial screening effort to support promotive and preventive efforts for non-communicable diseases in the community. The method is by optimizing the role of mosque-based communities, in an effort to support health improvement in the community. Community assistance activities through independent health screening activities include checking blood pressure and blood tests such as blood sugar and cholesterol levels as well as obtaining health education related to health problems that many adults suffer. The results of the PTM prevention program activities were attended by 59 activity participants, it was found that 32% had high cholesterol levels, then as many as 16% had high blood sugar levels and 24% of program participants had hypertension. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; hypertension,; cholesterol; prevention; non-communicable disease
Knowledge Adolescent Girls About Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Widiarti Luna , Rachmawati Dewi , Sunarno Imam
Published: July 2023

Vaginal discharge is a reproductive health problem that occurs in most adolescence girls at school. Adolescence girls don't know that if they experience vaginal discharge, the symptoms heal on their own and are not a serious condition. The aim is to find out the knowledge of adolescence girls about vaginal discharge at SMPN 1 Wates. The design uses descriptive with a sample of 30 respondents, the inclusion criteria are adolescence gils aged 12-14 years who have their first menstruation and have vaginal discharge problems. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with questionnaire data collection instruments. Data was taken at SMPN 1 Wates in January-February 2021. The results showed that the knowledge of adolescent girls about vaginal discharge was in the good category as much as 77.5%, in the sufficient category as much as 16.5% and in the poor category as much as 6.2%. It is hoped that health workers will routinely provide health education and youth will actively increase their knowledge through various available media. Keywords: vaginal discharge; knowledge; adolescent girlsPengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang KeputihanABSTRAK Keputihan menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang terjadi pada sebagian besar siswi remaja disekolah. Siswi remaja tidak tahu kalau mengalami keputihan, gejalanya sembuh sendiri dan bukan kondisi serius. Tujuan mengetahui pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan di SMPN 1 Wates. Desain menggunakan deskriptif dengan sampel 30 responden, kriteria inklusi remaja putri usia 12-14 tahun yang pertama kali mestruasi dan mempunyai masalah keputihan. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan instrumen pengumpulan data lembar kuesioner. Data diambil di SMPN 1 Wates bulan Januari-Februari 2021. Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan kategori baik sebanyak 77,5%, kategori cukup sebanyak 16,5% dan kategori kurang 6,2%. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan secara rutin memberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan remaja aktif meningkatkan wawasan melalui berbagai media yang tersedia. Kata kunci: keputihan; pengetahuan; remaja putri
The Effect Of Sexual Relationship Health Education During Pregnancy On The Anxiety Of Primigravid Mothers In The New Normal Period
Authors: Wibowo Ayu Galuh , Mawardika Tina
Published: July 2023

Sexual intercourse during pregnancy is still a taboo among the people around Ungaran City, Semarang Regency, giving rise to anxiety and concern about fulfilling sexual needs during pregnancy which generally occurs among primigravida mothers due to a lack of experience and knowledge regarding sexuality during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of health education on sexual intercourse during pregnancy on anxiety among primigravida mothers. Quantitative method by way of quasi experiment, nonequivalent control group design approach. The first group was given health education through animated video media and the other group was not given any treatment. Measuring tool with a questionnaire that is measured comparatively analytically in pairs. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling. The population in this study were 376 pregnant women and the research sample was 38 primigravida mothers who live in Ungaran City, Semarang Regency. Analysis used the Mann Whitney test with a value of α (0.05). Results: Statistical test results using the Mann Whitney test obtained Z count (-2.634) > Z table -1.96 and p-value (0.008) < α (0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of health education about sexual intercourse during pregnancy on the anxiety level of primigravida mothers. Keywords: sexual relationship; worry; primigravidaPengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Hubungan Seksual Selama Kehamilan Terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida Pada Masa Kenormalan BaruABSTRAK Hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan masih menjadi hal yang tabu di kalangan masyarakat sekitar Kota Ungaran, Kabupaten Semarang, sehingga menimbulkan kecemasan dan kekhawatiran mengenai pemenuhan kebutuhan seksual pada masa kehamilan yang umumnya sering terjadi pada ibu primigravida karena kurangnya pengalaman dan pengetahuan terkait seksualitas selama kehamilan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan terhadap kecemasan pada ibu primigravida. Metode secara kuantitatif dengan cara quasi experiment, pendekatan nonequivalen control grup design. Kelompok pertama diberi pendidikan kesehatan melalui media video animasi dan kelompok lain tidak diberi perlakuan. Alat ukur dengan kuesioner yang diukur secara analitik komparatif berpasangan. Teknik pengambilan sampling penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 376 ibu hamil dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 38 ibu primigravida yang berdomisili di Kota Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dengan nilai α (0,05). Hasil: Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji mann whitney diperoleh nilai Z hitung (-2,634) > Z tabel -1,96 dan nilai p-value (0,008) < α (0,05). Simpulan: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida. Kata kunci: hubungan seksual; kecemasan; primigravida
YENİDEN İŞLEVLENDİRME KAPSAMINDA SİNOP BUZHANE BİNASI
Authors: SELİMOĞLU Pınar , HALAÇ Hicran Hanım
Published: July 2023

Tarihî yapılar, geçmiş kültürü, toplumsal değerleri, mimari özellikleri günümüze taşır. Yapıların işlevleri, mimari özellikleri, dokusu, malzemesi ile birçok bilgiye ulaşmamızı sağlar. Her yapı yapıldığı döneme ait ihtiyaçları karşılayacak şekilde tasarlanır. Zaman değiştikçe ihtiyaçlar değişir ve bazı yapılar ihtiyaçları karşılamaz hâle gelebilir. Bu durumda yapıları yıkıp yenisini yapmak yerine, tarihî belge niteliği taşıyan değerlerimizi yeniden işlevlendirmek, hayatın içine dâhil etmek yapıların gelecek nesillere aktarılması için sürdürülebilir bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada Sinop ili Merkez ilçede bulunan Buzhane binasının yeniden işlevlendirmesi ele alınmıştır. Yapının tarihçesi hakkında kısa bilgi verilmiş, mimari ve yapısal özelliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Kültür Merkezi işlevini kazandıktan sonra yapıdaki mimari, strüktürel, mekanik-elektrik tesisat ve çevresel değişikliklere değinilerek, yapının kente sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, mimari, çevresel ve estetik katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Yeniden işlevlendirilen yapı, daha dışa dönük ve işlevsel hâle dönüştürülmüştür. Yapıda eski malzemelerden bazılarının kullanılmış olması, yapının eski işlevini ve ruhunu da ziyaretçilere yansıtmaktadır. Yeniden işlevlendirilen yapı kente birçok yönden katkı sağlamıştır.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitory Activity of New 4-Bromophenethyl Benzamides
Authors: Abu Khalaf Reema , NasrAllah Areej , AlBadawi Ghadeer
Published: July 2023

Cardiovascular diseases, as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension are the first leading cause of death in the United States and the third globally. CETP is a glycoprotein excreted mainly from the liver and found in plasma. Normal plasma CETP concentration is 1-4 µg/ml, while the ratio increased 70-80% in dyslipidemic patients. There is a growing need for new CETP inhibitors which encourages us to conduct this research. In this work, synthesis and in vitro study for four new 4-bromophenethylbenzamides 9a-d were carried out. In vitro study showed that the targeted compounds 9a-d exhibit acceptable activity against CETP, where compound 9a has a % inhibition of 40.7 at 10 µM concentration. It was found that the presence of the oxy group in both 9a and 9c enhances their activity which could be attributed to Hydrogen-bond formation with the amino acid residues of the CETP binding site.
Toxic Metals Transfer from Heating Coils to e-liquids: Safety Assessment of Popular e-cigarettes in Jordan
Authors: Alhusban Ala A. , Ata Samah A. , Hamadneh Lama A. , Tarawneh Ola A. , Abuzaid Haneen , Albustanji Sokiyna , Awad Mohammad K.
Published: July 2023

The rate of smokers in Jordan has been among the highest globally. Electronic Nicotine Delivery systems (ENDs) are considered helpful in smoking cessation but also have the potential for metals exposure resulting from their transfer from the metallic coils to the e-liquid upon use. Metal exposure is associated with severe health outcomes. We sought to assess the levels of toxic metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Al) transfer from two of the most popular coils used in ENDs among users in Jordan. The validated inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) with limit of detections (LODs) of 0.10, 0.90, 0.15, 0.13 and 1.00 mg.kg−1 was employed to measure the levels of toxic metals in the e-liquid samples. Following a repetitive usage of coils in both tank and pod systems for five continuous days, the cumulative amount of toxic metals; Ni, Cr, Al and Pb levels were significantly increased in all e-liquids used (p < 0.0001) compared to the fresh unheated samples. The obtained results showed a time-dependent increase of metals transfer from coils to e-liquids, thus highlighting the need for additional studies to re-assess the safety claims of using ENDs for smoking cessation.
Precision Medicine and Pharmacogenetics: Stratification and Improved Outcome in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Aamir
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally, accounting for a quarter of all cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major lung cancer subtype. Research in the last few decades has led to the identification of key molecular targets resulting in targeted therapies, such as the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). EGFR-TKIs themselves have evolved through few generations based on the knowledge gained from gene mutations in the EGFR leading to therapy resistance. As part of pharmacogenetics, it is well known that patients often respond differentially to different therapies, based on their genetic makeup. This has opened up avenues for precision medicine in the treatment of NSCLC patients with the identification of EGFR mutations and the most optimum treatment strategy. Since time is of the essence, it is critical that the NSCLC patients be administered a therapy that they are most likely to respond to. Evolving data validates this notion and it is expected that such an approach will invariably lead to improved patient outcomes.
Patient-Centeredness in Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Al-Rusasi Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Background information: Pharmacy is a longstanding profession, although there have been changes in pharmacists’ roles over time. The change toward a patient-centered approach is recognized as an entirely different concept from the technical concept of dispensing.

The pharmacist’s natural attitude primarily relies on pharmacologic knowledge of medications, the product, the use of counseling as the major approach with patients, and an emphasis on medication adherence as a goal. Though, besides a pharmacologic understanding, the knowledge of the patient and the knowledge of the experience of the patient, from his or her own perspective, are essential to help the pharmacist assess and ensure that a medication is indicated, effective, safe, and convenient. Therefore, to be able to work with patients in a patient-centered manner, the pharmacist must acknowledge a broader scope of knowledge that will account for a more comprehensive approach.

Conclusion: To practice in a truly patient-centered manner, pharmacist must understand that patients want to be heard and seen as individuals with unique experiences and responses to medications. This knowledge is needed to enhance pharmacists’ basic pharmacotherapeutic understanding and provide for care of patients as individuals with unique experiences and stories and situated in community, culture, and society. Likewise, to help patients with their medications, pharmacist must begin to understand medications as patients experience them. This includes understanding their experiences with illness as well as their feelings about medications.
The Use of Zebrafish and in Vivo PAL as a Novel Discovery Platform for Psychoactive Agents
Authors: Williams Frederick
Published: July 2023

Our research is utilizing the zebrafish model to study molecular processes and animal models of human diseases. These studies discussed here start to assess how different bath salts and methamphetaminecause death upon overdose by addressing the molecules that may bind to the illicit drugs. We have accomplished this by developing an in vivo photo-affinity labelling (PAL) system and studying the drugs in our system. The zebrafish has been lauded as a unique and powerful tool to examine development in a vertebrate animal and address molecular aspects of human disease for decades. We will examine recent published data from our laboratory utilizing the PAL system we developed.
Treatment of Macrophages with Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacterial Secretomes Induce Distinct Metabolic Signatures
Authors: Abuawad Alaa
Published: July 2023

Infectious diseases represent major health and economic challenges globally. Emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the community and hospital has become a worldwide concern that requires novel approaches for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomics approach is a powerful tool providing important chemical information about the cellular phenotype of living systems, and the changes in their metabolic pathways in response to various perturbations. Metabolomics has become an important tool to study host-pathogen interactions and to discover potential novel therapeutic targets. In this study, untargeted LC-MS metabolic profiling was applied to differentiate between the impact of the secretome of the Gram-positive S. aureus SH1000 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa PAO1 bacterial pathogens on THP-1 macrophages. The results showed that S. aureus and P. aeruginosa secretome affected alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism; glycine and serine metabolism; GL metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism with different trends in THP-1 macrophages. However, the impact of both bacterial secretome on arginine and proline metabolism was similar. These data could contribute to a better understanding of pathogenesis and resistance of these bacteria and could pave the way for developing new therapeutics that selectively targeting Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
Phytochemical Screening and Diuretic Activity of selected Palestinian Medicinal plants in Mice using an Aqueous Extract Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Authors: Rahhal Belal , Taha Isra , Najajreh Insaf , Basha Walid , Alzabadeh Hamzeh , Zyoud Ahed , Sharaga Areen , Alratrout Zanab , Yunis Nima , Kanaan Ola , Raddad Jenan , Yousef Tasneem
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Man used various natural materials as a remedy for the treatment of various diseases and recently witnessed a vastly growing and renewed interest in herbal medicine globally. In Palestinian folk medicine, Crataegus aronia, Rosmarinus officinalis known as rosemary and Nigella sativa is used as a diuretic and for treatment of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the preliminary phytochemical properties and the diuretic effect of the aqueous extracts of these plants in mice after its intraperitonial administration.

Methods: It is an experimental trial applied on mice (n=8, Male, CD-1, weight range: [25-30 gram]), which are divided into two groups (4 in each). The first group administered with the plant extract (500 mg/kg), and the second with normal saline as negative control group. Then urine output and electrolyte contents were quantified up to 6 hours for the three groups and then compared to the control one.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, alkaloids and flavoniods as major phytoconstituents in aqueous extract. Significant diuresis was noted in those received the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Moreover, aqueous extract had an acidic pH and a mild increase in the electrolyte excretion (Na, K).On the contrary, the aqueous extracts from the Rosemary and Nigella sativa showed no diuretic activity.

Conclusions: Our results revealed that Crataegus aronia aqueous extract has a significant potential diuretic effect. Further studies are needed to evaluate this diuretic effect in the relief of diseases characterized by volume overload.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Targeted Metabolomics and Biochemical Sensor
Authors: Bahti Ahmed , Telfah Ahmad , Sharar Nour , Jafar Hanan , Hergenröder Roland
Published: July 2023

NMR spectroscopy is quantitative, highly reproducible, non-selective and non-destructive. However, NMR costs and complexity hinder a use as point-of-care and biochemical sensor instrumentation. Low field NMR (LF-NMR) is an inexpensive and low footprint technique to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information on small molecules, but suffers from poor spectral dispersion, especially when applied to the analysis of mixtures. Subspectral editing employing optimal control pulses is a suitable approach to cope with the severe signal superpositions in complex mixture spectra at low field.

We have calculated the optimal control pulse shapes at 0.5 T NMR frequency using the Krotov algorithm. Downsizing the complexity of the algorithm from exponential to polynomial is shown to be possible by using a system approach with each system corresponding to a (small) molecule. In this way compound selective excitation pulses can be calculated. The signals of substructures of the cyclopentenone molecule were excited using optimal control pulses calculated by the Krotov algorithm demonstrating the feasibility of subspectral editing. Likewise, for a mixture of benzoic acid and alanine, editing of the signals of either benzoic acid or alanine employing optimal control pulses was shown to be possible.

The obtained results are promising and can be extended to the targeted analysis of complex mixtures such as biofluids or metabolic samples at low field strengths opening access for benchtop NMR to point of care settings. Moreover, the LF-NMR was improved to allow a unique detection and reliable quantification of metabolites in biofluids like blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or even tissue. In contrast to standard large scale NMR equipment the portable LF-NMR allows for an analysis of the chemical composition of biofluid samples directly at the patient (point-of-care).

LF-NMR can be freely programmable for detecting and detecting and sensing sets of small molecules which deliver information on the health status of a person. Such an analytical tool would be useful for the prediction, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, and for supervision of therapeutic interventions.
Formulation and evaluation of controlled-release, carrageenan-based powder formulations filled into hard gelatin capsules
Authors: Barakat Abdullah , Abu-Hameda Yahya , Aljamal Salah , Al Muhaissen Suha , Bisharat Lorina , Birardi Alberto , AlKhatib Hatim S.
Published: July 2023

Hard gelatin capsules (HGCs) are typically used as immediate release dosage forms, however, controlled drug release can from HGCs be obtained by the application of film coating onto the capsule shells or by filling them with controlled release multi-particulates (e.g. pellets and mini-tablets).

The filling of a hydrophilic gelling polymer into the capsule is an alternative approach to the time-consuming preparation and filling of multi-particulates. Carrageenan is a linear, sulfated polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickener in pharmaceutical formulations.

The release behavior of propranolol HCl – carrageenan powder mixtures filled into hard gelatin capsules was investigated as a function of drug – to – polymer ratio, the capsule fill weight, grade of carrageenan used. In addition, the effect of the drug release testing method (USP apparatus I or II), rotation speed, pH of the release medium and ionic strength of the release medium on drug release were investigated.

The electrostatic interaction of propranolol HCl with carrageenan was also investigated using equilibrium dialysis method to determine the binding capacity and the stability constant of the complex formed.

Viscarin GP 109 was found to provide a fast-gelling behavior with excellent controlled release properties. Drug loading and ionic strength of the medium significantly influenced drug release. Release in USP apparatus 1 was slower than that in USP apparatus 2. Propranolol HCl formed an insoluble complex with carrageenan with a high binding capacity and stability
Rodar el pueblo: estructuras de aprendizaje juvenil y acogida comunitaria
Authors: Ramírez Arturo
Published: July 2023

El texto tiene como propósito dar cuenta de las formas en las que las y los jóvenes de un pueblo urbano de la Megalópolis de la Ciudad de México resisten y responden a un escenario de precarización y juvenicidio, constituyendo un colectivo juvenil en el que por medio de la realización de rodadas bicicleteras construyen estructuras de aprendizaje y acogida comunitaria que configuran espacios para convivir y vivir con los otros. Se propone una reflexión a partir de la experiencia en investigación educativa y el trabajo de acompañamiento juvenil en torno a otros modos de educar que van más allá de la institución escolar, y las visiones adulto-céntricas hegemónicas de lo educativo y lo juvenil. Pensar la acción juvenil organizada como espacios educativos de formación de sujetos culturales, genero un acercamiento desde la vinculación entre las epistemologías decoloniales, la investigación cualitativa, las metodologías horizontales y la investigación participativa, estableciendo así un diálogo epistémico desde la experiencia del investigador y las experiencias y condiciones de lo juvenil. Concluyendo que las rodadas comunitarias, definidas como espacios educativos de formación de sujetos culturales, movilizan saberes culturales y comunitarios que posibilitan a las y los jóvenes desarrollar experiencias de aprendizaje en torno al cuidar-nos, re-conocer-nos, y el resistir comunitario.
Psicocalle Colectivo: Una propuesta universitaria para la educación y la construcción de paz
Authors: Mercadillo Caballero Roberto Emanuelle , Paredes González Lorena Emilia , Mosco Aquino Ricardo
Published: July 2023

Este ensayo narra la trayectoria de Psicocalle Colectivo, iniciativa universitaria transdisciplinaria para comprender desde las neurociencias, la antropología y la psicología los fenómenos de la vida en la calle y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. La narrativa es guiada por premisas plasmadas en la Declaración para la Transición hacia una Cultura de Paz en el Siglo XXI. Se propone un modelo de investigación-acción enmarcado en una noción de cultura de paz que considera a la marginación y la exclusión como violencias poco visibilizadas, y a la educación para la paz y la compasión como vías para vincularnos con la otredad y para emplear conocimientos científicos en la vida cotidiana. El modelo argumenta que la acción social desarrolla habilidades empáticas, sentido agencia e introspeccicón que favorcen el compromiso social, la reflexión en Derechos Humanos y un quehacer científico políticamente responsable que define a las y los universitarios como constructores de paz.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY ON CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Nik Dahalan Nang Nashirah , Ahmad Yasmin , Makhsin Mardzelah
Published: July 2023

Malaysia is a country with ethnic and cultural diversity. In an effort to understand the cultural diversity in Malaysia, one of the ways is the need to have high self-efficacy in preservice teachers to teach in a class with diverse student cultures. Self-efficacy against the cultural diversity that exists is an important aspect in a preservice teacher when dealing with students from various cultural backgrounds. Preservice teachers need to have a high level of self-efficacy so that each teaching and learning session in a class that consists of diverse cultures can attract students' interest and not be biased, thereby optimizing the teacher's teaching towards students in the class. Teacher education programs need to provide more opportunities for preservice teachers to engage with cultural diversity so that they can increase their self-efficacy to teach diverse students and further improve the level of teacher teaching towards students who are made up of various ethnicities and cultures.
INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON VISCOSITY, COLOUR, EMULSION AND VITAMIN E STABILITY OF PINK GUAVA JUICE FORTIFIED WITH VITAMIN E
Authors: Hashim Mohamad Shahrimi , Ismail Faikah
Published: July 2023

This study was undertaken to assess the changes in viscosity, colour, emulsion stability, and vitamin E stability of pink guava juice fortified with vitamin E (PGJD) during 180 days of storage at 5°C, 15°C, and 25°C. PGJD with a combination of 70% (w/v) Xanthan Gum (XG), 30% (w/v) Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), 0.8% (w/v) Polysorbate 80 (P80), and 225mg vitamin E was prepared and stored for 180 days at 5°C, 15°C, and 25°C. For every 30 days of storage, viscosity, emulsion, colour, and vitamin E stability were determined using a viscometer, chromameter, emulsion stability index (ESI), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The result indicates that the viscosity of PGJD increased significantly slower when stored at a lower storage temperature. In addition, emulsion stability will be maintained for approximately 30 days longer when stored at a lower temperature as opposed to a higher temperature. The L* value of the colour increased for all samples, however, the C* values indicated red colour intensity from PGJD was gradually fading through time. In addition, the Ho value of all PGJD samples exhibited a steady increase during storage, whereas vitamin E exhibited a consistent deterioration pattern. The findings of the present study can be used as a guideline for beverage manufacturers and retailers in selecting the best storage temperature for their products.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF BIOCHAR ADDITION IN GROWING MEDIUM ON PLANT GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BOK CHOY (Brasicca Rappa Subsp. Chinensis) USING SUSTAINABLE SOILLESS AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
Authors: Ali Siti Nurlia , Abdul Aziz Azlan , Kasim Nur Nasulhah , Ahmad Tajuddin Shahairatulraiza , Omar Nur Faezah , Hirun Noraini
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several extreme weather conditions which caused damage to nature and decrease in crop production. This has resulted to increased demand for food and raise concerns related to food security such as issues of hunger and poverty. Soilless agriculture has become a preferable approach to curb this issue due to benefits such as preventing soil-related disease and deforestation. Soilless agriculture uses biomass like cocopeat as growing medium. Previously, biochar has shown a better result in plant growth as compared to cocopeat media alone, but unsuitable concentration could be ineffective or induce plant disease. Hence, in this study, the influence of biochar added into the growing medium was investigated on the growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis) using the sustainable Zero-Energy Soilless Agriculture (ZESA) System. Three treatments of growing medium T1 (100% cocopeat), T2 (82% cocopeat, 18% biochar), and T3 (63% cocopeat, 37% biochar), were conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to design the plot treatment. The plant growth parameters of height, number of leaves, and fresh weight were observed for 28 days at 7 days intervals. The results indicated that T1 exhibited the highest number of new leaves (3 – 4 leaves per week), plant height (4.7 cm) and fresh weight (53.87 g), followed by T2 and T3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that biochar addition has significant difference in means treatments of 0.029 between T1 and T2. Interestingly, T3 has the potential as a good growing medium as analysis of leaves after harvesting showed that this growing medium promotes N uptake of the plant as compared to other treatments.
INFLUENCES OF VEGETATION STRUCTURE (VS) ON METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT; A FIELDWORK STUDY
Authors: Kamarulzaman Noorazlina , Ismail Mazran , Basher Hazril Sherney , Ismail Asmat
Published: July 2023

Vegetation plays a crucial role in establishing a comfortable thermal environment by regulating temperature, humidity, and wind velocity. It is a well-documented that the Vegetation Structure (VS) variables, including height, density, leaf colour and size, canopy, density can have a significant impact on the microclimate inside and around the plants. However, the correlation between the different vegetation structures around residential buildings and the meteorological conditions inside and outside remains unclear. In this paper, an experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effect of VS on residential buildings’ microclimate. Parameters of meteorological were measured in and around two Case Study (CS1 & CS2) which are single story buildings located in Perak, Malaysia. Five days of meteorological data were collected using a Thermal Microclimate Datalogger (HD32.1 Delta Ohm) and an Indoor Air Quality Datalogger (HD37AB1347 Delta Ohm) to measure temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), and air velocity (m/s). Both case study's VS variables were measured and then thoroughly examined to determine the potential of VS in generating a pleasant thermal environment. This research compares and discusses VS and meteorological parameters measured within and outside of the case study buildings. The results were analyzed in three Quartile: Q1 from 7:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., Q2 from 11.15 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., and Q3 from 2:45 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. In Q1, CS1 shows the highest outdoor-indoor temperature difference of 2.31℃ compared to 2.02oC for CS2. In contrast, CS2 recorded the highest ambient temperature differences of 1.35℃ and 2.73oC in Q2 and Q3, respectively compared to CS1; 1.27oC and 1.19℃. Overall, vegetation structure can have a significant impact on meteorological parameters, which can in turn influence indoor and outdoor thermal performance.
THE INDUSTRY AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) COOPERATION IN IMPROVING THE MARKETABILITY OF TECHNICAL STREAM STUDENTS
Authors: Md Jamain Siti Nur Amirah , Mohd. Ahyan Nurul Aini , Jambari Hanifah , Noh Nur Hazirah , Pairan Mohamad Rasidi
Published: July 2023

Marketability skills of technical students can be enhanced by fostering a strong cooperation between the industry and educational institutions. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the roles played by the industry and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in increasing the marketability of technical students. This study was conducted to achieve two main objectives, first, to identify the role of HEIs in improving the quality of their curriculum and second, to identify the role of the industry in improving students’ performance during industrial training. This quantitative study involved 25 CISEC officers and lecturers of polytechnics across Johor and 210 students enrolled in the mechanical engineering programme at the same polytechnics who are undergoing industrial training. The mean value obtained from the analysis using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 indicate that HEIs play a role in balancing the curriculum content, develop generic skills, and cultivating science and technology in teaching. Meanwhile, the industry plays a very important role in increasing graduates’ marketability skills, specifically in terms of their self-skills, knowledge, and personal attributes during industrial training. The finding indicates there is an-going collaboration between the industry and HEIs in improving the marketability of technical stream students. Therefore, the Vocational Training and Technical Education Division should encourage various industrial sectors to collaborate with HEIs ensure to increase marketability of technical stream graduates.
Moralidade administrativa
Authors: Silva Otávio Santiago Gomes da
Published: July 2023

O debate sobre as questões envolvendo a corrupção no Brasil e a percepção do fenômeno pelos brasileiros vêm obtendo destaque na literatura contemporânea das áreas do Direito e da Ciência Política. O presente trabalho pretende analisar de que forma a moralidade administrativa serve ao combate à corrupção e accountability (prestação de contas) do Estado, como parte integrante na agenda anticorrupção desenvolvida no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada é de pesquisa exploratória e de investigação dos mecanismos de fiscalização e apuração dos crimes de improbidade administrativa, previstos em lei e ampliados no período de 2011 a 2015. O objetivo, ao fim, é constatar o importante papel da moralidade administrativa como instrumento de combate à corrupção no país, embora haja entraves institucionais e de cunho político que impossibilitem a concretização efetiva do princípio constitucional.
Crise de representatividade brasileira
Authors: Alves Larissa Moreira Ribeiro , Mencher Yasmim
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discorrer sobre as manifestações oligárquicas no Brasil ao longo do tempo e seu reflexo no exercício popular da cidadania, bem como na representação política das classes não dominantes. A argumentação foi construída com base em autores consagrados nos temas do coronelismo e clientelismo, como José Murilo de Carvalho e Victor Nunes Leal, e democracia, como Norberto Bobbio e Jacques Rancière, sendo a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema a metodologia aplicada. Neste sentido, buscamos ilustrar de que forma a democracia participativa no contexto brasileiro obteve avanços, com a inclusão de mecanismos de participação, e retrocessos, conforme a intensidade de influência dos grupos dominantes. Por fim, procuramos refletir sobre o impacto desse panorama no comportamento dos cidadãos em relação à política.
Governança municipal no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Andrade Rafael Lara Mazoni
Published: July 2023

LANÇA, Daniel Perrelli. Governança municipal: 20 cases de sucesso da nova gestão pública nas cidades brasileiras. 1ed. Belo Horizonte: Editora Instituto para o Desenvolvimento Democrático, 2017.
Montesquieu na América Latina
Authors: Marcolino Danilo Sardinha
Published: July 2023

O artigo propõe uma análise crítica da teoria criada por Paolo Sandro, filósofo italiano do Direito e autor do livro “The Making of Constitutional Democracy”, em reação à teoria moderna da separação de poderes, desenvolvida por Montesquieu, a partir de sua relação com o movimento constitucional latino-americano conhecido como Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano. O artigo apresenta a pergunta-problema de pesquisa: "É possível falar numa ruptura com o modelo de Montesquieu nas experiências do Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano?". Assim, trabalha-se a partir de duas hipóteses principais, quais sejam: (i) o Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano rompe com o modelo montesquieano de separação de poderes; e (ii) é possível construir pontes de diálogo entre as teorias clássicas e críticas latino-americanas, a partir da categoria de soberania popular. A segunda hipótese possui a maior probabilidade de ser corroborada. A metodologia utilizada é uma revisão literária, com palavras-chave como "Separação de Poderes", "Montesquieu", "Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano" e "Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano", além da análise do livro de Paolo Sandro. Ao longo do desenvolvimento e das conclusões do presente artigo, encontrou-se nas experiências da Constituição venezuelana de 1999 e da Constituição boliviana de 2009 a presença de modelos quadripartites de separação de poderes, os quais incluíram, respectivamente, o “Poder Ciudadano” e o “Poder Eleitoral Plurinacional” como formas de institucionalização do poder popular no jogo democrático. Assim, compreendeu-se pela ruptura parcial do modelo montesquiano, trazendo o povo para dentro da separação de poderes.