bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Gene Mutation
Authors: Gao Jie , Luo Rong , Li Xiaoping
Published: January 2025

Background:

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical
practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The
review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT.

Methods:

Through analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant
literature，the review elucidates the genetic properties and potential pathophysiology of
SVT.

Results:

There are many pathophysiological mechanisms related to atrioventricular node reentrant
tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Currently, there
is relatively little research on inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), atrial tachycardia (AT), and
congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET). It seems that every type of SVT has gene mutations
in ion channels, with three types of SVT having gene mutations in signaling pathways,
and others including gene mutations in beta-adrenergic-receptor autoantibodies, autonomic
nervous system, and AV node structure.

Conclusion:

SVT has certain genetic characteristics and is often associated with other heart
diseases. From the analysis of mutated genes in SVT, it appears to be a type of cardiac ion
channel disease. Unlike common ion channel diseases, it is more insidious and more susceptible
to external factors. The confirmation of the genetic basis of SVT provides direction for future
hazard stratification assessment and gene targeted therapy drug research.
The Impact of Social Support Interventions on Menopausal Symptoms: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Faryabi Reza , yoshany Nooshin , zareipour moradali , daneshi salman , Hanna Fahad , movahed Ehsan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

A comprehensive search was conducted to investigate the effect of social
support interventions on menopausal symptoms. The search covered studies published from March
2010 to March 2022.

Method:

A comprehensive search was conducted using the keywords “educational interventions,”
“menopause,” “social support,” and “clinical trial” in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI, Science Direct,
Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases.

Results:

Out of 23 randomized controlled trials (RCT) included in this review, one focused on
postmenopausal women over 30, four on women over 40, 14 on women over 45, and four did not
report age. Social support interventions varied widely, with nine targeting vasomotor symptoms
(hot flashes), seven focusing on improving knowledge, performance, physical and mental health,
and relationships, and the rest addressing nutrition, exercise, and depression. Sample sizes ranged
from 42 to 4974 participants aged between 40 and 70 years, and the duration of the interventions
was from two weeks to two years.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that supportive and educational interventions, especially those involving
spousal support and training of healthcare professionals can effectively reduce menopausal
symptoms. Studies with longer duration reported greater effects. It is suggested to consider a comprehensive
approach that includes educational interventions, emotional intelligence, nutrition and
exercise, cultural factors, quality of life, and marital satisfaction to reduce menopausal symptoms.
Natural Compounds from Alhagi maurorum as Potential HCC and HepG2 Inhibitors: An Integrated Study using Pharmacophore Development, Molecular Docking, MD Simulation, and DFT Approaches
Authors: Moveed Aniqa , Parveen Shagufta , Shafiq Nusrat , Ali Awais , Rashid Maryam , Bourhia Mohammed , Msanda Fouad , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Brogi Simone
Published: January 2025

Background:

The rise in the frequency of liver cancer all over the world makes it a
prominent area of research in the discovery of new drugs or repurposing of existing drugs.

Methods:

This article describes the pharmacophore-based structure-activity relationship (3DQSAR)
on the secondary metabolites of Alhagi maurorum to inhibit human liver cancer cell lines
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoma G2 (HepG2) which represents the molecular level
understanding for isolated phytochemicals of Alhagi maurorum. The definite features, such as hydrophobic
regions, average shape, and active compounds’ electrostatic patterns, were mapped to
screen phytochemicals. The 3D-QSAR model generates pharmacophore-based descriptors and
alignment of active compounds. Further, docking studies were performed on the active compounds
to check out their binding affinity with the active site of the target proteins. It was further validated
by applying molecular simulations, and the results were found to be accurate. The geometrical optimization
and energy gap of the hit compound were calculated by the density functional theory
(DFT). Then, ADMET was performed on this hit compound for drug-like features and toxicity.

Result:

Out of 59 compounds, eight ligands were found active after the 3D-QSAR study. After that,
molecular docking was performed on the active compounds F72, F52, F54, F29, F37, F38, F25,
and F29, which were recognized as potential targets, and the docking results showed that compound
F52 (also an FDA-approved drug) was the best hit. F52 was found to be the best hit against
liver cancer cell lines HCC and HepG2.

Conclusion:

This study would be helpful for early drug discovery optimization and lead identification.
Recent Advancements in the Synthetic Chemistry of Oxazole Derivatives and their Significant Medicinal Applications
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Shah Kamal
Published: January 2025

The five-membered oxazole motif heterocyclic aromatic ring has been gaining considerable
attention due to its bioisosterism property and unusually wide range of desired biological
properties. Thus, it is a perfect pre-built platform for the discovery of new scaffold development in
medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the potential of oxazoles has garnered significant attention
from medicinal chemists, resulting in the development of several synthetic and plant-based drugs
currently in the market. Interest in the biological applications of oxazoles has notably intensified
over the past fifteen years. This overview aims to provide a comprehensive, systematic summary of
recent advancements in the synthetic chemistry of oxazole-based compounds, highlighting significant
progress in their biological applications during this period as well as outlining prospects for
further development. In summary, we overview literature in synthetic chemistry and explore structure-
activity relationships and mechanisms of action with medicinal applications for the development
of oxazole derivatives that hold promise for discovering new and effective drug candidates.
Study of the Biological Activities of Aethiopinone Isolated from the Hexane Extract of Salvia argentea L. Roots and its Combinations with Reference
Products
Authors: Ziane Safaa Nor el Houda , Dib Mohammed El Amine , Bensaid Okkacha , MUSELLI Alain
Published: January 2025

Background:

In recent years, chemical and biological studies have explored medicinal
plants to develop new treatments for oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes.

Objective:

This study aims to characterize for the first time the chemical composition of the hexane
extract from the roots of Salvia argentea using GC and GC/MS techniques. We also isolated
its major compound and evaluated its biological activities, including its antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
antidiabetic, and hemolytic effects, as well as the combination of this major compound
with reference drugs.

Methods:

Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, β-carotene, and phosphomolybdenic
tests. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by the egg albumin denaturation method and
protein denaturation inhibition. The antidiabetic activity was determined by evaluating the inhibition
of α-amylase, with acarbose as a positive reference. The combined effect of aethiopinone
with standards was also studied to reduce the minimum effective dose and minimize side effects.

Results:

The hexane extract of Salvia argentea is mainly composed of aethiopinone (53.3%) and
ferruginol (20.5%). aethiopinone was isolated and identified using spectroscopic methods, including
1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR. The biological activity assessment showed that hexane extract
and aethiopinone had promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. In
addition, synergistic effects were observed when aethiopinone was combined with positive references,
resulting in a significant reduction of the required minimum inhibitory concentrations. The
human erythrocyte toxicity assessment showed that hexane extract and aethiopinone induced very
low hemolysis levels, reaching 24.18% and 31.13%, respectively, at high concentrations of 2000
μg/mL.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to confirm their therapeutic effects and assess their potential
for use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Application of Biocatalysis in the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Pei Ziying , Cui Chengsen
Published: January 2025

Biocatalysis has emerged as a transformative technology in pharmaceutical synthesis,
enabling efficient and sustainable production of chiral bioactive compounds. This review focuses
on recent advancements in biocatalytic methods, highlighting key enzyme systems, such as ketoreductases,
aminotransferases, and imine reductases, which facilitate the synthesis of chiral alcohols,
amines, and other pharmaceutical intermediates with high enantiomeric purity. Directed
evolution and protein engineering have significantly enhanced enzyme stability, activity, and substrate
specificity, broadening their applications in industrial-scale drug production. For example,
ketoreductases have been successfully applied in the synthesis of intermediates for drugs, such as
enalapril and duloxetine, while engineered transaminases enable efficient production of
sitagliptin. Beyond asymmetric reduction and transamination, advancements in C-H bond activation
using enzymes like P450 monooxygenases and unspecific peroxygenases provide new opportunities
for regioselective functionalization. Additionally, multienzyme cascade reactions and
chemo-biocatalytic approaches integrate multiple catalytic steps into single processes, reducing
reaction complexity and waste while enhancing efficiency. These innovations highlight the growing
role of biocatalysis in green chemistry, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical
synthesis methods. As the field advances with contributions from bioinformatics, artificial
intelligence, and high-throughput techniques, biocatalysis is poised to drive further innovation in
pharmaceutical manufacturing, fostering environmentally friendly processes and scalable solutions
for complex drug synthesis. This review underscores the critical impact of biocatalysis in
shaping the future of sustainable chemistry and its pivotal role in addressing the growing demand
for greener pharmaceutical technologies.
Anticancer Properties of Phenylboronic Acid in Androgen-Dependent (LNCaP) and Androgen-Independent (PC3) Prostate Cancer Cells via MAP Kinases by 2D and 3D Culture Methods
Authors: Gürgen Duygu Gürsoy , Güneş Arzu , Köse Oğuzhan , Ahsen Kaplan Arife , Karabulut Seda , Tunalı M. Başak , Keskin İlknur
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study utilized three cell lines: normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1, androgen-dependent
LNCaP, and androgen-independent PC3. We investigated the inhibitory effects of phenylboronic acid (PBA)’s
inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation due to its ability to disrupt microtubule formation in prostate cancer cell
lines. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of PBA on prostate cancer cells using twodimensional
(2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models.

Methods:

The IC50 values of PBA and colchicine were determined through viability assays in 2D and 3D models.
Colony formation, proliferation, and migration assays were conducted. Immunofluorescence intensity analysis
of MAPKKK proteins (ERK, JNK, p38) was performed to explore the mechanism of cellular response to
PBA.

Results:

The IC50 values were determined for each treatment group. After 48-hour of PBA treatment, migration
was inhibited more effectively than with colchicine in both cancer cell lines. After 24-hour, PBA reduced colony
formation and proliferation. PBA treatment for 24-hour decreased JNK expression in PC3 and LNCaP cells in 2D
models. Both PBA and colchicine increased p38 expression in PC3 spheroids. PBA’s effects on cell deformation
were visualized in semi-thin sections, marking the first ultrastructural observation of PBA-induced morphological
defects in cancer cells.

Conclusion:

PBA exerts antimitotic effects by inhibiting proliferation and migration and triggers diverse metabolic
responses across different cell lines. Furthermore the low toxicity of PBA’s low toxicity on RWPE-1 cells
suggests its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for future studies.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Ryegrass Yield after Application of Solid-Liquid Pig Slurry and Biochar to an Agricultural Soil
Authors: Pereira José L. S. , Perdigão Adelaide , Bonifácio Gabriel , Figueiredo Vitor , Marques Francisco , Trindade Henrique , Wessel Dulcineia F.
Published: January 2025

Background

The application of animal slurry to the soil improves its quality, as manure contains many nutrients for plants. However, this could negatively impact the environment.

Objective

This field study investigated the effects of the addition of biochar after the mechanical separation of Whole pig Slurry (WS) into Solid (SF) and Liquid Fractions (LF) on Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions (N2O, CO2, and CH4) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv magnum) yield.

Methods

Biochar (1.0 kg m-2) was applied in plots alone or together with each of the three slurries (80 kg N ha-1) in a total of eight treatments with three replications, including just soil with and without biochar as controls. Soil properties, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) fluxes, and yield were measured during theautumn/winter growing season.

Results

The results showed that the addition of biochar to these three slurries significantly increased the soil pH and showed no impact on the other physicochemical properties. The GHG emissions were not significantly different between treatments with and without biochar. The N use efficiency increased significantly in SF > WS > LF, whereas no differences were observed among these three slurries with and without biochar.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the addition of biochar combined with WS or SF/LF to sandy-loam soil appears to have no impact on GHG emissions and ryegrass yield during the autumn/winter season. Overall, this finding suggests that amounts higher than 1.0 kg m-2 of biochar combined with SF may need to be applied to soil to reduce GHG emissions and nitrate leaching and increase N use efficiency and crop yield.
Qualitative and Structural Insights into Levantilides C/D via LC-MS
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhou Jian , Chen Nan-nan , Zhou Jingming , Jiang Hong , Wu Bin
Published: January 2025

In this study, we utilized high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-
time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS), combined with electrospray ionization
in the positive mode (ESI+), to establish a comprehensive framework for chromatographic separation
and mass spectrometric detection.
The primary focus was on performing collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments on levantilide
D, a newly identified macrolide, and its well-established analog, levantilide C, in order to elucidate
their mass spectral fragmentation patterns.
The results revealed that the cleavage patterns of levantilides were successfully characterized when
ionized in the positive mode. These fragmentation profiles provide valuable insights for the rapid and
accurate structural identification and quantitative analysis of levantilides when they often occur in
trace amounts.
Furthermore, this methodology offers crucial technical references for environmental pollutant monitoring
and pharmacokinetic investigations for levantilide-related compounds.
Innovative Nitrogen-Based Heterocycles: Pioneering Advances in Anticancer
Therapeutics
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Mittal Amit , Sangwan Rekha
Published: January 2025

Structural diversity, pharmacological relevance, and the ability to include N-containing
heterocyclic derivatives through medicinal chemistry make these heterocyclic compounds known as
essential scaffolds for the design and development of anticancer agents. Uncontrolled cell proliferation
with metastasis remains a leading cause of global mortality from cancer. Enzyme binding sites
interact with compounds with N-heterocycle to inhibit critical processes in cancer cells. The relative
ease of synthesis, selective penetration, and low toxicity of these compounds make them desirable
for use as a source of new therapeutic discoveries (over 90% of new therapeutic discoveries with
approximately 65% of FDA-approved anticancer drugs (2010-2015). Focusing on selectivity, bioavailability,
and low toxicity, this article compares the latest advancements in anticancer drug discovery,
emphasizing the significance of SAR analysis in enhancing potency, efficacy, and development
of N-heterocycle-based anticancer agents to overcome drug resistance.
Ultra-short-term Forecasting Study of Power Load in Mega Steel Industry Based on Multi-stage Modeling
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Yu Deshui , Wang Yahui , Luo Bote , Peng Xinlong
Published: January 2025

Background:

In the large-scale steel industry, significant power load variability, especially
during processes like steel smelting, poses challenges to power system safety. Although there
is an abundance of research and patents related to load forecasting, studies and patents specifically
addressing large industrial load forecasting are sparse. Hence, accurate ultra-short-term load forecasting
becomes particularly crucial.

Objective:

This study proposes an innovative method for ultra-short-term load forecasting to improve
prediction accuracy during peak periods and mitigate risks in high-load conditions.

Methods:

We introduce an LSTM-XGBoost model enhanced by a random forest network and an
improved grey wolf optimization algorithm (IGWO) for feature selection and parameter optimization,
respectively.

Results:

Compared to other advanced models, our method demonstrates superior performance
across key indicators such as MAPE (1.93%), RMSE (220.81), and R2 coefficient (0.99), and the
prediction error is lower during both peak and off-peak periods. For instance, the proposed model
achieved a MAPE improvement of over 25% compared to traditional models. Validation with data
from multiple time periods confirms the model's accuracy and robustness.

Conclusion:

The proposed forecasting method effectively tackles load fluctuations in the steel industry,
supporting safe and economical power system operations. Future research will aim to further
improve peak identification accuracy and enable continuous adaptive learning.
Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Some Indian Spices and Herbs
Authors: Srivastava Anika , Mukherjee Sayali , Chadha Sonia
Published: January 2025

Background:

Spices and herbs have been a natural source of antioxidants for many years. Spices and herbs have been shown to have medicinal properties that are at-tributed to the phytochemicals present in them. Thus, a comparative study on phenolic con-tent and antioxidants in some common Indian spices/ herbs like ginger, garlic, onion, bay leaf, cumin, and coriander was undertaken in the present study.

Materials and Methods:

Total phenolics and total antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scav-enging) were estimated in water as well as methanolic extracts of the spices/herbs. Catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity was estimated spectrophotometrically in the aqueous ex-tracts of spices/herbs.

Results:

The highest catalase and peroxidase activity was estimated in ginger. Phenolic and antioxidant content were also highest in the ginger methanolic extract. The antioxidant con-tent in the methanolic extracts of ginger, bay leaves, onion, and garlic was significantly higher than that in the water extract (p-value <0.001).

Conclusion:

Our results showed that the selected Indian spices and herbs are rich in phenolic constituents and demonstrate good antioxidant activity. Although much of the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts has been shown to be contributed by phenolic compounds, the present study did not show any significant correlation between the two. This indicated that compounds other than phenolics can serve as good sources of natural plant-based antioxi-dants. Therefore, they need to be studied and explored further. Moreover, solvents used for extraction significantly affect the results, and therefore, they need to be considered while interpreting results.
THE PREDICTION OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION FROM DYNAMIC MAGNETIC FIELD ASSISTED WATER ELECTROLYSIS ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Nugroho Willy Satrio , Purnami Purnami , Schulze Ajani Aiman , Anggara Teuku , Schulze Klauss
Published: January 2025

This study explores the prediction of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) performance in Dynamic Magnetic Field (DMF) assisted water electrolysis using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The integration of ANN models with experimental data from DMF-assisted electrolysis provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between magnetic fields and electrochemical processes. The results show significant enhancements in HER rates compared to conventional electrolysis, with static magnetic fields also contributing to performance improvements. The ANN models developed exhibit high accuracy in predicting HER performance under varying DMF rotational speeds, as evidenced by low Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and high R-squared values, demonstrating their strong predictive power and reliability. However, caution is advised regarding overfitting, and future research should focus on incorporating techniques like regularization and cross-validation to enhance model generalization. This study lays the foundation for further optimization of efficient hydrogen production technologies in the context of sustainable energy solutions.
AN OVERVIEW OF PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF NANOFLUID AS CUTTING FLUID USING VEGETABLE OIL FOR SUSTAINABLE MACHINING PROCESS
Authors: Habiby M. Nuril Anwar
Published: January 2025

Machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling and grinding are currently required to be environmentally friendly, including cutting fluids whose function is to reduce friction, wear and corrosion. Mineral oil is a cutting fluid that is widely used in the manufacturing industry, but the problem is that it is nondegradable and the raw material has the potential to run out. Therefore, this review article aims to discuss a literature review regarding the solution to this problem, namely the use of nanofluids as cutting fluids made from vegetable oil because not much has been discussed in Indonesia. Vegetable oils are more environmentally friendly, the ingredients are abundant in nature, and have excellent lubrication properties. The characteristics of nanofluids as cutting fluids such as thermophysical, rheological and tribological properties are also explored in this review article to find out the latest research. According to the literature, it is found that the use of nano-cutting fluid made from vegetable oil can improve thermal properties and tribological performance to reduce friction and wear in the machining process due to superior cooling and lubrication to produce green manufacturing in the future.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHRIMP FISHERIES IN KOTABARU, SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Harlyan Ledhyane Ika , Setyohadi Daduk ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Tumulyadi Agus ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Sukandar Sukandar ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Maulana Almaas Zain ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Lathif Adib Hisyam ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Fanani Zainal ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Utilizitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2025

The shrimp fishery in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, is a small-scale fishery that supplies raw materials to PT. Sekar Laut, Tbk, a company specializing in shrimp cracker production for the global market. Despite its significance, limited research has been conducted on the sustainability of this fishery. This study aims to analyze the key characteristics of the shrimp fishery in Kotabaru waters. Data were collected from January to August 2024 in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, and subjected to various analyses, including species composition, length-weight relationships for several shrimp species, and identification of shrimp fishing grounds. The results reveal that banana shrimp and yellow shrimp are the predominant species within the catch, both exhibiting negative allometric growth patterns. The fishery’s most productive fishing location is identified in Pantai Village, highlighting this area as a potential focus for sustainable management initiatives. These findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and targeted management practices to promote the long-term sustainability of the shrimp fishery in Kotabaru.
ESTIMATION OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SQUID (LOLIGO SPP) CAUGHT IN THE WATERS OF TUBAN REGENCY
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Setyohadi Daduk , Kartikasari Wahida ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Setyanto Arief ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Wiadnya Dewa Gede Raka ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Harlyan Ledhyane Eka ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Sunardi Sunardi ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Nabilla Azma Salma ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2025

Squid (Loligo spp.) belongs to the Cephalopoda group (squid, cuttlefish, octopus) and is one of the primary export commodities in the fisheries sector. National squid production increased by 5.5%, from 193,583.82 tons in 2020 to 204,156.28 tons in 2021. However, the potential sustainable catch in the Java Sea (WPPNRI 712, including the Madura Strait) has experienced an average annual decline of 1.9% from 2017 to 2022, dropping to 66,608 tons in 2022. This study aims to identify the species composition of squid, analyze length-weight relationships, and determine the mantle length at first gonad maturity (Lm). Data were obtained from fixed lift-net catches and analyzed in the Fisheries Exploitation Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya. The results identified two main species: Photololigo duvaucelli (Indian squid) and Sepioteuthis lessoniana (bigfin reef squid). The composition of squid catches was 1.29% in purse seine operations and 2.91% in payang (seine net) operations. The length-weight relationship of both species exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern, where length growth outpaces weight gain. The sex ratio between males and females was balanced for both species. The mantle length at first gonad maturity (Lm) was greater than the mantle length at first capture (Lc), indicating that the catch was dominated by immature squid. These findings highlight the need for minimum catch size regulations to ensure the sustainability of squid resources in the Tuban waters.
Mathematical Communication Ability of Madrasah Aliyah Students Given Self-Confidence and Learning Independence
Authors: Handayani Rizki , Siregar Nurhasanah , Simanjuntak Erlinawaty , Molliq Yulita
Published: January 2025

The research aims to ascertain how mathematical communication ability is impacted by self-confidence, how learning independence affects mathematical communication ability, and how self-confidence and learning independence affect mathematical communication ability in 11th-grade students at MA Muhammadiyah 1 Medan in the 2023–2024 academic year. This is a correlational study with a quantitative methodology. This research used cluster sampling, and the total sample size was 31 students. This study collected data using questionnaires and tests. The research instruments used were self-confidence and learning independence questionnaires, as well as mathematical communication ability tests. Multiple regression analysis was used in this study's data analysis procedures. The analysis's findings indicate that self-confidence impacts on mathematics communication with a value of sig. 0.025 and a value of tcount 2.317; learning independence impacts on mathematics communication ability, with a value of sig. 0.12 and the value of tcount 2.512; self-confidence and learning independence positively and significantly impact on mathematics communication ability, with a value of . 0.000; and a coefficient of determination of 0.612, implying that self-confidence and learning independence affect mathematical communication by 61.2%.
Wearable Smartphone-Based Multisensory Feedback System for Torso Posture Correction: Iterative Design and Within-Subjects Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pereira Amanda Polin , Machado Neto Olibario Jose , Elui Valeria Meirelles Carril , Pimentel Maria da Graca Campos
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of stroke is high in both males and females, and it rises with age. Stroke often leads to sensor and motor issues, such as hemiparesis affecting one side of the body. Poststroke patients require torso stabilization exercises, but maintaining proper posture can be challenging due to their condition.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to develop the Postural SmartVest, an affordable wearable technology that leverages a smartphone's built-in accelerometer to monitor sagittal and frontal plane changes while providing visual, tactile, and auditory feedback to guide patients in achieving their best-at-the-time posture during rehabilitation.

METHODS

To design the Postural SmartVest, we conducted brainstorming sessions, therapist interviews, gathered requirements, and developed the first prototype. We used this initial prototype in a feasibility study with individuals without hemiparesis (n=40, average age 28.4). They used the prototype during 1-hour seated sessions. Their feedback led to a second prototype, which we used in a pilot study with a poststroke patient. After adjustments and a kinematic assessment using the Vicon Gait Plug-in system, the third version became the Postural SmartVest. We assessed the Postural SmartVest in a within-subject experiment with poststroke patients (n=40, average age 57.1) and therapists (n=20, average age 31.3) during rehabilitation sessions. Participants engaged in daily activities, including walking and upper limb exercises, without and with app feedback.

RESULTS

The Postural SmartVest comprises a modified off-the-shelf athletic lightweight compression tank top with a transparent pocket designed to hold a smartphone running a customizable Android app securely. This app continuously monitors sagittal and frontal plane changes using the built-in accelerometer sensor, providing multisensory feedback through audio, vibration, and color changes. Patients reported high ratings for weight, comfort, dimensions, effectiveness, ease of use, stability, durability, and ease of adjustment. Therapists noted a positive impact on rehabilitation sessions and expressed their willingness to recommend it. A 2-tailed t-test showed a significant difference (P<.001) between the number of the best-at-the-time posture positions patients could maintain in 2 stages, without feedback (mean 13.1, SD 7.12) and with feedback (mean 4.2, SD 3.97), demonstrating the effectiveness of the solution in improving posture awareness.

CONCLUSIONS

The Postural SmartVest aids therapists during poststroke rehabilitation sessions and assists patients in improving their posture during these sessions.
Assessment of Geriatric Problems and Risk Factors for Delirium in Surgical Medicine: Protocol for Multidisciplinary Prospective Clinical Study (Preprint)
Authors: Möllmann Henriette Louise , Alhammadi Eman , Boulghoudan Soufian , Kuhlmann Julian , Mevissen Anica , Olbrich Philipp , Rahm Louisa , Frohnhofen Helmut
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

An aging population in combination with more gentle and less stressful surgical procedures leads to an increased number of operations on older patients. This collectively raises novel challenges due to higher age heavily impacting treatment. A major problem, emerging in up to 50% of cases, is perioperative delirium. It is thus vital to understand whether and which existing geriatric assessments are capable of reliably identifying risk factors, how high the incidence of delirium is, and whether the resulting management of these risk factors might lead to a reduced incidence of delirium.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the frequency and severity of geriatric medical problems in elective patients of the Clinics of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vascular Surgery, and Orthopedics, General Surgery, and Trauma Surgery, revealing associations with the incidence of perioperative delirium regarding potential risk factors, and recording the long-term effects of geriatric problems and any perioperative delirium that might have developed later the patient’s life.

METHODS

We performed both pre- and postoperative assessments in patients of 4 different surgical departments who are older than 70 years. Patient-validated screening instruments will be used to identify risk factors. A geriatric assessment with the content of basal and instrumental activities of daily living (basal activities of daily living [Katz index], instrumental activities of daily living [Lawton and Brody score], cognition [6-item screener and clock drawing test], mobility [de Morton Mobility Index and Sit-to-Stand test], sleep [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index/STOP-BANG], drug therapy [polypharmacy and quality of medication, Fit For The Aged classification, and anticholinergic burden score], and pain assessment and delirium risk (Delirium Risk Assessment Tool) will be performed. Any medical problems detected will be treated according to current standards, and no intervention is planned as part of the study. In addition, a telephone follow-up will be performed 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge.

RESULTS

Recruitment started in August 2022, with 421 patients already recruited at the time of submission. Initial analyses of the data are to be published at the end of 2024 or the beginning of 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

In the current study, we investigate whether the risk factors addressed in the assessment are associated with an increase in the delirium rate. The aim is then to reduce this comprehensive assessment to the central aspects to be able to conduct targeted and efficient risk screening.

CLINICALTRIAL

German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00028614; https://www.drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00028614

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/59203
Does the use of Augmented Reality in addition to or in place of traditional teaching methods improve surgical trainee performance levels? (Preprint)
Authors: El Ashry Mahmoud , Yeung Thomas
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Surgical teaching programmes have maintained core fundamentals of precise anatomical understanding, cadaveric specimens and expert guidance, but in recent years, these methods have been supplemented by digital technologies including VR, MR and AR. AR has stood out in measures such as patient safety and skill
acquisition and has been subject to less scrutiny compared to similarly trialled VR.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether the use of Augmented Reality (AR), in addition to or as a replacement for traditional surgical teaching methods, improves the performance levels of surgical trainees.

This is accomplished by analyzing both objective measures (e.g., completion rate, error rate, and accuracy) and subjective trainee experiences from selected studies, using systematic review methodologies like PICO and PRISMA. The ultimate aim is to assess AR's potential impact and identify areas for further scrutiny through larger and more standardized studies.

METHODS

To establish a research question, PICO was initially used to arrive at: “Does the use of Augmented Reality in addition to or in place of traditional teaching methods improve surgical trainee performance levels?” PRISMA guidelines were used to organise the review with inclusion and exclusion criteria narrowing down 312 studies from
Google Scholar, PubMed and Ovid browsers to 14 studies suitable for analysis.

RESULTS

Of 14 studies elected, 8 were subject to review of their objective measures, while 6 were reviewed for both objective and subjective data. To tackle heterogeneity across studies assessed, the ISS was used to generate a composite score that acknowledged different weightings according to participant numbers throughout studies. Objective measures included completion rate, error rate, and accuracy.
Reliability of analysis was limited by small sample sizes and short study times. Qualitative analysis looked at subjective trainee experiences and revealed a positive trend favouring use of AR in surgical teaching but preferring a combination of both AR and expert guidance.

CONCLUSIONS

AR technologies in replacement or in addition to traditional teaching
methods show moderately improved surgical trainee performance levels. However, the promise AR has showed so far must be scrutinised further with larger sample-size studies and longer study periods with assessments using standardised objective
frameworks.
Advocacy Strategies of Labour Unions in Demanding Workers’ Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Novianto Imam Satrio
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the strategies and advocacy steps taken by Serikat Pekerja Sejahtera Mandiri Jogja Bay Waterpark (Spektram JBW) during the COVID-19 pandemic causing 31 relieved of duty workers and 8 laid-off workers. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Through the analysis of advocacy theory from Sharma (2004) and contentious politics theory from Tarrow (2011), this paper shows that Spektram JBW's advocacy strategy follow five advocacy steps, namely identifying the root of the problem, formulating solutions, building political awareness, policy implementation, and evaluation. The five steps illustrate the process of contentious politics (movement process) with the formation of the union, and the unity of ordinary workers against the corporate elite.  The advocacy resulted on two main demands were achieved but demand for worker status failed, and the process continued to the Industrial Relations Court (Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial, or PHI). The success of Spektram JBW is an example of success story providing a bright spot for other unions in Yogyakarta.  The failure stems from the union culture in the area of DIY which lacks unions and the small scale of industry which makes it difficult to mobilise large numbers of workers.
Solar Drip Irrigation Kit (SDIK) Sustaining the Mulberry Productivity under Rainfed Sericulture
Authors: Rajendran Mahesh , Rahman Tanvi , R Kishan Kumar , Trivedy Kanika , Subramanium Gandhi Doss , Babu C.M.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, mulberry becomes one of the important cash crops in India and it is the only sole food crop to feed the silkworm (Bombyx mori).Water scarcity creates significant impact on quality mulberry leaf production which in turn determines the silk productivity. Importantly, rainfed sericulture contributes majorly to the overall silk production in the country. But inconsistence and erratic rainfall pattern greatly affects the mulberry productivity and its sustainability. Maintaining adequate soil moisture in the plant root zone is one of the important agronomic practices in order to obtain higher mulberry productivity in rainfed sericulture. In this context, run-off rain water in the farm can be collected and stored in the surface tank or farm pond for future supplemental irrigation during non-rainy season. A device with solar pump based drumkit drip irrigation system has been developed for effective irrigation management in the rainfed mulberry cultivation. It is an eco-friendly and efficient system to supply the water and nutrients directly at the plant root zone. The study was undertaken at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore with an objective to explore the effect of solar drip irrigation technology on mulberry productivity. Solar drip irrigation system was established in the experimental garden as follows: a) a water drum of approximately 1000 litre capacity was placed at a height of 5 feet from the above ground level b) From the water drum, water was conveyed to the main field using PVC pipes after filtering through screen filter c) One conventional inline drip lateral (12 mm OD; 2.4 lph) was fixed in every mulberry row with a lateral spacing of 90 cm d)Surface storage tank was constructed to collect and store the run-off rainwater. e) 0.25 HP solar based nano pump was used for lifting water from surface tank to the overhead water tank. f) 80 Wp solar photovoltaic panel was installed to generate solar electricity in order to run the solar nano pump. The experiment consisted of three irrigation systems: Solar Drip Irrigation Kit (SDIK), Conventional Drip Irrigation (CDI) and Surface Irrigation (SI). SDIK system was performed at par with CDI system in terms of mulberry growth and yield attributes. There was 37% improvement in SDIK in leaf yield against SI. Moreover, when water applied through SDIK resulted in the water saving by 24% as compared to that of SI. Besides, significant improvement in water productivity by 44% was recorded in comparison to SI. The present study clearly indicated that SDIK is an innovative approach for efficient irrigation management in order to sustain the mulberry productivity in the rainfed areas. This system would be highly suitable and affordable to small and marginal rainfed sericulture farmers.
Hybrid Encryption using Advanced Encryption Standard and Arnold Scrambling for 3D Color Images
Authors: Sari Wellia Shinta , Astuti Erna Zuni , Jatmoko Cahaya
Published: January 2025

Digital security ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of visual data remains a paramount challenge. The escalating sophistication of cyber threats necessitates robust encryption methods to safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access and manipulation. Despite the development of various encryption techniques, inherent vulnerabilities exist within conventional methods that can be exploited by attackers. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the combined approach of Arnold Scrambling and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in mitigating these vulnerabilities and providing a more secure solution. The primary goal of this research is to enhance the security of digital images by mitigating vulnerabilities associated with conventional encryption methods. Arnold Scrambling introduces chaotic mapping to disperse pixel values, while Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) provides robust cryptographic strength through its substitution-permutation network. By combining these methods in an ensemble fashion, the encryption process achieves heightened resilience against various cryptographic attacks. The proposed methodology was evaluated by using standard metrics including Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), and entropy analysis. Results indicate consistent performance across multiple test images, namely: Lena, Mandrill, Cameraman, and Plane with Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) averaging 33.6% and Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) nearing 99.8%. Entropy values approached maximum, affirming the efficacy of the encryption in generating highly randomized outputs.
Analisis pengetahuan pada siswa SMA di Balikpapan Selatan: mengenai mitigasi bencana tanah longsor
Authors: Muhammad Ryan Syarif Hidayatullah  , Fajar Nur Rohman  , Salsabila Aurellia Putri Perihanto  , Adib Djaki Pratama  , Andi Marini
Published: January 2025

Tanah longsor merupakan pergerakan struktur tanah dan campuran batuan yang bergerak menuruni daerah yang lebih rendah di sekitarnya. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tingkat bencana alam tanah longsor yang tinggi. Balikpapan merupakan salah satu daerah yang rawan akan bencana alam terutama tanah longsor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui sejauh mana pemahaman siswa SMA di Balikpapan Selatan terkait mitigasi bencana tanah longsor. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode, di antaranya adalah studi dokumen dari jurnal-jurnal ilmiah yang relevan sebagai acuan dan bahan dalam merumuskan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang akan dimasukkan ke dalam Google Form sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Dalam hal ini kami memilih siswa SMA di Balikpapan Selatan untuk menjadi responden terkait pengetahuan pada siswa SMA di Balikpapan Selatan mengenai mitigasi bencana tanah longsor, mengingat daerah Balikpapan merupakan daerah yang berkontur perbukitan yang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya bencana tanah longsor. Dari hasil penelitian yang di lakukan terdapat data yang bervariasi mengenai pemahaman siswa tentang mitigasi bencana tanah longsor. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 453 siswa dari 4 sekolah yang berada di Balikpapan Selatan. Dari data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada 337 siswa pernah mendapatkan informasi atau sosialisasi tentang pencegahan tanah longsor dan 116 siswa tidak pernah mendapatkan informasi atau sosialisasi tentang pencegahan tanah longsor. menunjukkan bahwa masih ada sebagian siswa yang tidak mendapatkan informasi ataupun sosialisasi mengenai mitigasi bencana tanah longsor. Temuan ini memberikan pengetahuan bagi institusi Pendidikan atau pihak terkait dalam upaya mitigasi bencana tanah longsor.