bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A synthetic data generation system for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome questionnaires
Authors: Lacasa Marcos , Prados Ferran , Alegre José , Casas-Roma Jordi
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence or machine-learning-based models have proven useful for better understanding various diseases in all areas of health science. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) lacks objective diagnostic tests. Some validated questionnaires are used for diagnosis and assessment of disease progression. The availability of a sufficiently large database of these questionnaires facilitates research into new models that can predict profiles that help to understand the etiology of the disease. A synthetic data generator provides the scientific community with databases that preserve the statistical properties of the original, free of legal restrictions, for use in research and education. The initial databases came from the Vall Hebron Hospital Specialized Unit in Barcelona, Spain. 2522 patients diagnosed with ME/CFS were analyzed. Their answers to questionnaires related to the symptoms of this complex disease were used as training datasets. They have been fed for deep learning algorithms that provide models with high accuracy [0.69–0.81]. The final model requires SF-36 responses and returns responses from HAD, SCL-90R, FIS8, FIS40, and PSQI questionnaires. A highly reliable and easy-to-use synthetic data generator is offered for research and educational use in this disease, for which there is currently no approved treatment.
Long-term prognosis and overall mortality in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Kim Jinnam , Kim Changhyup , Lee Jung Ah , Lee Se Ju , Lee Ki Hyun , Kim Jung Ho , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo
Published: August 2023

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but fatal opportunistic infection and mainly occurs in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. Despite the increasing number of patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments, studies on PML are still lacking due to its low prevalence and incidence. We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with PML in two tertiary hospitals in South Korea from 1999 to 2021. Total of 47 PML patients were included. Of 27 patients (57.4%) were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Median last follow-up modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was higher in the non-HIV PML group than that in the HIV group (5 vs. 4, p = 0.020). Median survival duration was lower in the non-HIV group (184 vs. 1,564 days). The 1-year and overall mortality rates of PML patients were significantly higher in the non-HIV group than that in HIV group (60.0% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.019; 80.0% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.007). Initial mRS score (HR 1.685, p = 0.038) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients (HR 0.374, p = 0.013) had a significant effect on overall mortality. Our findings suggest that early detection of PML with low mRS score and early initiation of HAART in patients with HIV may improve prognosis.
Ambulatory blood pressure as risk factor for long-term kidney function decline in the general population: a distributional regression approach
Authors: Eriksen Bjørn O. , Fasiolo Matteo , Mathisen Ulla D. , Jenssen Trond G. , Stefansson Vidar T. N. , Melsom Toralf
Published: August 2023

The results of randomized controlled trials are unclear about the long-term effect of blood pressure (BP) on kidney function assessed as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in persons without chronic kidney disease or diabetes. The limited duration of follow-up and use of imprecise methods for assessing BP and GFR are important reasons why this issue has not been settled. Since a long-term randomized trial is unlikely, we investigated the association between 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP) and measured GFR in a cohort study with a median follow-up of 11 years. The Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey (RENIS) cohort is a representative sample of persons aged 50 to 62 years without baseline cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or kidney disease from the general population of Tromsø in northern Norway. ABP was measured at baseline, and iohexol clearance at baseline and twice during follow-up. The study population comprised 1589 persons with 4127 GFR measurements. Baseline ABP or office BP components were not associated with the GFR change rate in multivariable adjusted conventional regression models. In generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS), higher daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial ABP were associated with a slight shift of the central part of the GFR distribution toward lower GFR and with higher probability of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up (p < 0.05). The use of a distributional regression method and precise methods for measuring exposure and outcome were necessary to detect an unfavorable association between BP and GFR in this study of the general population.
Learning and memory deficits produced by aspartame are heritable via the paternal lineage
Authors: Jones Sara K. , McCarthy Deirdre M. , Stanwood Gregg D. , Schatschneider Christopher , Bhide Pradeep G.
Published: August 2023

Environmental exposures produce heritable traits that can linger in the population for one or two generations. Millions of individuals consume substances such as artificial sweeteners daily that are declared safe by regulatory agencies without evaluation of their potential heritable effects. We show that consumption of aspartame, an FDA-approved artificial sweetener, daily for up to 16-weeks at doses equivalent to only 7–15% of the FDA recommended maximum daily intake value (equivalent to 2–4 small, 8 oz diet soda drinks per day) produces significant spatial learning and memory deficits in mice. Moreover, the cognitive deficits are transmitted to male and female descendants along the paternal lineage suggesting that aspartame’s adverse cognitive effects are heritable, and that they are more pervasive than current estimates, which consider effects in the directly exposed individuals only. Traditionally, deleterious environmental exposures of pregnant and nursing women are viewed as risk factors for the health of future generations. Environmental exposures of men are not considered to pose similar risks. Our findings suggest that environmental exposures of men can produce adverse impact on cognitive function in future generations and demonstrate the need for considering heritable effects via the paternal lineage as part of the regulatory evaluations of artificial sweeteners.
Psychiatric health care need in Hungary identified by the short screening algorithm of depression and suicide risk used in general medical practices
Authors: Diószegi Judit , Rihmer Zoltán , Torzsa Péter , Pál László , Czifra Árpád , Gonda Xenia , Sándor János
Published: August 2023

Suicides are often related to depression. General medical practices (GMPs) should play a role in screening depression. We aimed to test the screening algorithm of Rihmer and Torzsa for depression and suicide and determine the prevalence and number of patients in the nationwide representative Hungarostudy 2002 population, and to estimate the corresponding extra health care need in an average GMP and in the Hungarian population in addition to patients who are already cared for by specialized care. The short version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Hungarian version of the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-9) were used to screen for suicide risk and depression. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and depression was determined and findings were extrapolated to an average GMP of 1,600 adults and to the population over 25 years of age. This screening would generate a considerable extra psychiatric care to organize and implement in an average GMP and throughout the country. Our findings show that with easily administered screening instruments a significant number of patients likely to have depression can be identified at the primary care level, arguing for the establishment of the extra psychiatric care capacity in Hungary.
Injectable, pore-forming, self-healing, and adhesive hyaluronan hydrogels for soft tissue engineering applications
Authors: Nejati Sara , Mongeau Luc
Published: August 2023

Most existing injectable hydrogels are non-porous, thereby lacking a microporous structure to promote cell ingrowth. Also, most hydrogels do not effectively adhere to the host tissue. The present study describes an injectable double network hydrogel formed by combining two hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, namely dopamine grafted HA (DAHA) and methacrylated HA (HAMA). These constituents instantly form a physically crosslinked network through Fe3+-dopamine coordination, and confer fast gelation, pore formation, and self-healing properties to the hydrogel. Photocroslinked upon UV exposure, HAMA forms a chemically crosslinked network, thereby improving mechanical and degradation properties. The adhesive properties of this hydrogel are attributed to the presence of dopamine groups, inspired by mussel creatures. Proper modification of HA chains was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The physical, mechanical, rheological, and biological properties of the new hydrogels were quantified in wet laboratory conditions. The results revealed that the DAHA/HAMA hydrogel rapidly forms a self-healing microporous adhesive scaffold with a 26.9 µm pore size, 29.4 kPa compressive modulus, and 12.8 kPa adhesion strength in under 6 s. These findings suggest that the new hydrogel is a promising candidate for in situ repair of soft tissues, particularly mechanically dynamic ones such as the vocal folds, cartilage, and dermis.
Challenging interpretation of germline TP53 variants based on the experience of a national comprehensive cancer centre
Authors: Butz Henriett , Bozsik Anikó , Grolmusz Vince , Szőcs Erika , Papp János , Patócs Attila
Published: August 2023

TP53 variant interpretation is still challenging, especially in patients with attenuated Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). We investigated the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and LFS disease in the Hungarian population of cancer patients. By testing 893 patients with multiplex or familial cancer, we identified and functionally characterized novel splice variants of TP53 helping accurate variant classification. The differences among various semi-automated interpretation platforms without manual curation highlight the importance of focused interpretation as the automatic classification systems do not apply the TP53-specific criteria. The predicted frequency of the TP53 P/LP variants in Hungary is 0.3 per million which most likely underestimates the real prevalence. The higher detection rate of disease-causing variants in patients with attenuated LFS phenotype compared to the control population (OR 12.5; p < 0.0001) may raise the potential benefit of the TP53 genetic testing as part of the hereditary cancer panels of patients with multiple or familial cancer even when they do not meet Chompret criteria. Tumours developed at an earlier age in phenotypic LFS patients compared to the attenuated LFS patients which complicates genetic counselling as currently there are no different recommendations in surveillance protocols for LFS, phenotypic LFS, and attenuated LFS patients.
Long-term multiple metabolic abnormalities among healthy and high-risk people following nonsevere COVID-19
Authors: Washirasaksiri Chaiwat , Sayabovorn Naruemit , Ariyakunaphan Pinyapat , Kositamongkol Chayanis , Chaisathaphol Thanet , Sitasuwan Tullaya , Tinmanee Rungsima , Auesomwang Chonticha , Nimitpunya Pongpol , Woradetsittichai Diana , Chayakulkeeree Methee , Phoompoung Pakpoom , Mayurasakorn Korapat , Sookrung Nitat , Tungtrongchitr Anchalee , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Muangman Saipin , Senawong Sansnee , Tangjittipokin Watip , Sanpawitayakul Gornmigar , Nopmaneejumruslers Cherdchai , Vamvanij Visit , Phisalprapa Pochamana , Srivanichakorn Weerachai
Published: August 2023

Few studies have identified the metabolic consequences of the post-acute phase of nonsevere COVID-19. This prospective study examined metabolic outcomes and associated factors in nonsevere, RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The participants’ metabolic parameters, the prevalence of long-term multiple metabolic abnormalities (≥ 2 components), and factors influencing the prevalence were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months post-onset. Six hundred individuals (mean age 45.5 ± 14.5 years, 61.7% female, 38% high-risk individuals) with nonsevere COVID-19 attended at least one follow-up visit. The prevalence of worsening metabolic abnormalities was 26.0% for BMI, 43.2% for glucose, 40.5% for LDL-c, 19.1% for liver, and 14.8% for C-reactive protein. Except for lipids, metabolic-component abnormalities were more prevalent in high-risk hosts than in healthy individuals. The prevalence of multiple metabolic abnormalities at the 6-month follow-up was 41.3% and significantly higher in high-risk than healthy hosts (49.2% vs 36.5%; P = 0.007). Factors independently associated with a lower risk of these abnormalities were being female, having dyslipidemia, and receiving at least 3 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest that multiple metabolic abnormalities are the long-term consequences of COVID-19. For both high-risk and healthy individuals with nonsevere COVID-19, healthcare providers should monitor metabolic profiles, encourage healthy behaviors, and ensure complete vaccination.
Detection of cyanide and sulfide ions by different mechanisms using a fluorescent chemical sensor containing a fluorophore and a potential ligand for metal complexes
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Han Su Bin , Lee Soo Suk
Published: August 2023

A fluorescent chemical sensor for the detection of CN− and S2− was demonstrated based on BPMA-Flu–Cu2+ complex. Addition of Cu2+ to BPMA-Flu quenches fluorescence, but addition of CN− and S2− restores fluorescence.
Synthesis of spiropyrans and arylquinones via Ru(ii)-catalyzed condition-controlled coupling of 3-aryl-2H-benzoxazinones with benzoquinones
Authors: Zhang Mengying , He Yuhao , Li Song , Geng Yuehua , Liu Xiangyang , Yang Xifa
Published: August 2023

Ru(ii)-catalyzed condition-controlled divergent coupling between 3-aryl-2H-benzoxazin-2-ones and benzoquinones has been realized under operationally simple conditions, affording a series of structurally stable spiropyrans and valuable arylquinones.
Main group elements in electrochemical hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Sinha Soumalya , Jiang Jianbing “Jimmy”
Published: August 2023

Main group elements are promising for developing electrochemical H2 production or CO2 reduction catalysts.
Screening of steam-reforming catalysts using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Liu Yujia , Liang Zhenwei , Huang Jiazhun , Zhong Biqi , Yang Xiaojun , Wang Tiejun
Published: August 2023

In this article, a bidirectional clustering model proposed for methanol-reforming catalysts demonstrates excellent mathematical performance and is of significance for the discovery of methanol-reforming catalysts.
Comment on “Strong Be–Be bonds in double-aromatic bridged Be2(μ-SO) molecules” by F. Rezaie and S. Noorizadeh,Dalton Transactions, 2022, 51, 12596
Authors: Guha Ankur Kanti
Published: August 2023

Quantum chemical calculations reveal that there is no Be–Be bond in the global minimum geometry of Be2SO clusters. The Be–Be bonded geometry is energetically very high on the potential energy surface.
1D/2D interface engineering of a CoPc–C3N4 heterostructure for boosting the nitrogen reduction reaction to NH3
Authors: Paul Sourav , Sarkar Sougata , Dolui Dependu , Sarkar Debashrita , Robert Marc , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: August 2023

Exfoliated C3N4 sheets were employed to wrap the CoPc nanotubes (NTs) to synthesize the electrocatalyst; the CoPc–C3N4 system showed excellent nitrogen reduction to ammonia with a yield rate of 423.8 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a FE of 33% at −0.2 V vs. RHE.
Production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methanol using a ruthenium pincer complex: a DFT study
Authors: Geng Lina , Zhang Mingchao , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Yan
Published: August 2023

The mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol to CO and H2.
Energetics of key Au(iii)-substrate adducts relevant to catalytic hydroarylation of alkynes
Authors: Regnacq Matthieu , Lesage Denis , Holmsen Marte S. M. , Miqueu Karinne , Bourissou Didier , Gimbert Yves
Published: August 2023

(P,C)-cyclometalated Au(iii) complexes have shown remarkable ability to catalyze the intermolecular hydroarylation of alkynes.
Associations of dietary factors and xenobiotic intake with faecal microbiota composition according to the presence of intestinal mucosa damage
Authors: Ruiz-Saavedra Sergio , González del Rey Carmen , Suárez Adolfo , Díaz Ylenia , Zapico Aida , Arboleya Silvia , Salazar Nuria , Gueimonde Miguel , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G. , González Sonia
Published: August 2023

Diet is a major modulator of gut microbiota, which plays a key role in the health status, including colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
Variations in physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, phenolic and volatile profiles, and sensory attributes of tea-flavored Chardonnay wine during bottle aging
Authors: Liang Zijian , Zhang Pangzhen , Zeng Xin-An , Fang Zhongxiang
Published: August 2023

Bottle aging modulated the antioxidant activity and volatile and phenolic profiles of Chardonnay wine macerated with either green or black tea.
Determination of Ce and La in REE-rich ores using handheld LIBS and PLS regression
Authors: Akhmetzhanov Timur F. , Labutin Timur A. , Korshunov Dmitry M. , Samsonov Alexey A. , Popov Andrey M.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we utilized a handheld LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) analyzer (Z-300, SciAps) to quantitatively determine cerium and lanthanum in ores enriched with rare earth elements (REEs).
Isoclock: a free and novel routine for common Pb correction in U–Th–Pb data reduction of LA-ICP-MS analysis
Authors: Liu Guo-Qi , Zhao Kui-Dong , Ulrich Thomas , Chen Wei , Zhang Di , Li Qian , Zhao He-Dong , Zhang Rong-Qing , Xia Fei
Published: August 2023

New software, Isoclock, focuses on deducing common Pb from reference materials or samples. A novel common Pb correction method has been introduced into the program to process data from hydrothermal/accessory mineral LA-ICP-MS U–Th–Pb dating.
Enhancing visible light absorption for efficient CO2 reduction with black carbon nitride hollow microspheres
Authors: Wang Guohuan , Hu Longda , Jiang Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

Black carbon nitride hollow microspheres with nitrogen defects have excellent solar absorption capability, narrower bandgap, and much more efficient CO2 photo-reduction.
Acylmethylidenepyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazoles via [3+2]-cyclization of 2-acylethynylpyrroles with carbonyl compounds
Authors: Tomilin Denis N. , Stepanova Sophia A. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: August 2023

Acylethynylpyrroles, readily available from acylbromoacetylenes and pyrroles, smoothly undergo [3+2]-cyclization with ketones and aldehydes (room temperature) to give acylmethylidenepyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazoles.
Gamma radiation-induced nanodefects in diffusive memristors and artificial neurons
Authors: Pattnaik D. P. , Andrews C. , Cropper M. D. , Gabbitas A. , Balanov A. G. , Savel'ev S. , Borisov P.
Published: August 2023

Gamma photons were used to break Si-O bonds in silicon oxide-based volatile memristor devices. The corresponding radiation-induced nanodefects were shown to significantly improve the resistive switching performance.
1,2,4-Oxadiazole as a potential scaffold in agrochemistry: a review
Authors: Zhong Liangkun , Wu Changyuan , Li Mimi , Wu Junhui , Chen Yang , Ju Zhiran , Tan Chengxia
Published: August 2023

This review highlights the design strategy and bioactivity of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives and discusses their potential value in agrochemistry.
Electrochemical bromocyclization enables 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines
Authors: Ren Hai , Wang Rui-An , Shi Jun , Song Jun-Rong , Wu Wei , Chi Qin , Zhang Ni
Published: August 2023

We report a protonic-acid-promoted electrosynthetic strategy for the dearomative dibromocyclization of tryptamine/tryptophol derivatives for the convenient late-stage 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines.
An artificial light-harvesting system constructed from a water-soluble metal–organic barrel for photocatalytic aerobic reactions in aqueous media
Authors: Li Danyang , Yang Linlin , Fang Wangjian , Fu Xinmei , Li Hechuan , Li Jianxu , Li Xuezhao , He Cheng
Published: August 2023

An artificial light-harvesting system constructed by a water-soluble host–guest complex can be regarded as a high-level conceptual model of its biological counterpart and can convert solar energy into chemical energy in an aqueous environment.
Ti3C2Tx and copper sulfide composite nanofluids with a hierarchical structure for sustainable and efficient solar light–thermal conversion
Authors: Su Fangfang , He Zhongjie , Xie Jinliang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Weirui , Xin Yangyang , Zhang Aibo , Yao Dongdong , Zheng Yaping
Published: August 2023

Ti3C2Tx/FCuS-IL (0.12%) exhibits 94% light–thermal conversion efficiency at 1 sun. It holds promising applications in areas such as seawater desalination, photothermal treatment of cancer, and wearable photothermal fabrics.
Waterbed inspired stress relaxation strategies of patterned silicon anodes for fast-charging and longevity of lithium microbatteries
Authors: Chen Yi-Xiu , Cheng Yin-Wei , Huang Jun-Han , Liu Chuan-Pu
Published: August 2023

Our pattern strategy draws inspiration from the structure of “waterbeds”, achieving stress relaxation, thereby enabling fast-charging capabilities and ensuring the longevity of lithium microbatteries.
A review of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as electrochemical sensors for important small biomolecules in human body fluids
Authors: Feng Zhou , Lim H. N. , Ibrahim I. , Gowthaman N. S. K.
Published: August 2023

The emergence of ZIFs-based composite materials as promising candidates for electrochemical sensors of important small biomolecules in human body fluids.
Solution-processed amorphous zinc indium tin oxide thin-film transistors with high stability under AC stress
Authors: Ho Dongil , Jeong Hyewon , Park Hun-Bum , Park Sung Kyu , Kim Myung-Gil , Kim Choongik
Published: August 2023

Amorphous zinc–indium–tin oxide thin-film transistors with various Zn : In : Sn ratios are investigated to improve AC stress stability by suppressing hot carrier effects in the channel layer.
A mussel-inspired semi-interpenetrating structure hydrogel with superior stretchability, self-adhesive properties, and pH sensitivity for smart wearable electronics
Authors: Xing Lu , Song Yaoting , Zou Xinquan , Tan Haojie , Yan Jiani , Wang Jikui
Published: August 2023

Multifunctional conductive hydrogel-based flexible sensors have garnered significant interest in the realm of smart wearable electronics.
Identification of circRNA-associated ceRNA networks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as potential biomarkers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhong Shan , Chen Chengshui , Yang Li , Jin Meiling , Zeng Yiming , Zou Gang-Ming , Zhang Qingying , Wang Yun
Published: August 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a common respiratory disorder with high morbidity and mortality globally, has a complex pathogenesis that is not fully understood. Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized to serve as miRNA sponges for regulating target RNA transcripts during the processes of human diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate novel circRNA-associated biomarkers for COPD, 245 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, including 111 up-regulated and 134 down-regulated circRNAs. These candidate circRNAs were enriched in inflammation-associated pathways (such as mTOR, B-cell receptor, and NF-κB signaling pathways) via Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. A combination of two circRNAs (up-regulated hsa_circ_0067209 and down-regulated hsa_circ_0000673) demonstrated good diagnostic value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.866) for COPD by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and qRT-PCR validation. Subsequently, hsa-miR-8082 and hsa-miR-1248 were identified as targets for hsa_circ_0067209 and hsa_circ_0000673, respectively, via bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the combination of these two miRNAs displayed better diagnosis potential for COPD (AUC = 0.967) than each other. Evaluation of COPD-related mRNA profiles revealed that the up-regulated genes ABR and TRPM6 were predicted downstream targets for hsa_circ_0067209/hsa-miR-8082, whereas the down-regulated gene RORC was a predicted downstream target for hsa_circ_0000673/hsa-miR-1248. In summary, hsa_circ_0067209 and hsa_circ_0000673 have potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers of COPD. In addition, competing endogenous RNA networks of hsa_circ_0067209/hsa-miR-8082/ABR/TRPM6 and hsa_circ_0000673/hsa-miR-1248/RORC may play critical regulation roles for COPD pathogenesis.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Performance but Not Pupil Size During Nonnative Speech Category Learning
Authors: McHaney Jacie R. , Schuerman William L. , Leonard Matthew K. , Chandrasekaran Bharath
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Subthreshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) synchronized with behavioral training can selectively enhance nonnative speech category learning in adults. Prior work has demonstrated that behavioral performance increases when taVNS is paired with easier-to-learn Mandarin tone categories in native English listeners, relative to when taVNS is paired with harder-to-learn Mandarin tone categories or without taVNS. Mechanistically, this temporally precise plasticity has been attributed to noradrenergic modulation. However, prior work did not specifically utilize methodologies that indexed noradrenergic modulation and, therefore, was unable to explicitly test this hypothesis. Our goal for this study was to use pupillometry to gain mechanistic insights into taVNS behavioral effects.

Method:

Thirty-eight participants learned to categorize Mandarin tones while pupillometry was recorded. In a double-blinded design, participants were divided into two taVNS groups that, as in the prior study, differed according to whether taVNS was paired with easier-to-learn tones or harder-to-learn tones. Learning performance and pupillary responses were measured using linear mixed-effects models.

Results:

We found that taVNS did not have any tone-specific or group behavioral or pupillary effects. However, in an exploratory analysis, we observed that taVNS did lead to faster rates of learning on trials paired with stimulation, particularly for those who were stimulated at lower amplitudes.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that pupillary responses may not be a reliable marker of locus coeruleus–norepinephrine system activity in humans. However, future research should systematically examine the effects of stimulation amplitude on both behavior and pupillary responses.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24036666
A new method for analyzing the impact of winding mechanical defects on the equivalent circuit parameters of power transformers
Authors: Tarimoradi Hadi , Askari Milad
Published: August 2023

Condition monitoring of the power transformer winding and diagnose of the fault in its incipient stages can prevent the spread of defect, and as a result, the unexpected exit of the transformer. Correct and accurate perception of the effects of each defect or winding deformation on the detailed or any other model parameters is essential. In this article, a software based on finite element method is used, in order to increase accuracy of the study to model the transformer in healthy and defected cases. Three types of winding mechanical deformation, that is, axial displacement, radial deformation, and disc space variation , have been simulated for different locations and extents. From the simulation of the finite element model in the healthy and other defected cases, R, L, and C matrices are obtained for each case. Each of the above matrices in defected cases has been compared with the corresponding matrix of the healthy case. The amount and manner of the above matrices’ element variations have been investigated in detail, might help the fault classification in terms of the type, extent and location, and risk assessment of using the transformer in the current defective situation.
A novel travelling‐wave direction criterion for hybrid multi‐terminal HVDC system
Authors: Li Botong , Li Yuqi , Li Bin , Chen Xiaolong , Ji Liang , Hong Qiteng
Published: August 2023

Fast and accurate fault direction criteria are crucial for efficient protection in hybrid multi‐terminal HVDC transmission systems. The current variation method is commonly used to identify fault direction, but it is affected by fault resistance and distributed capacitance. This paper proposes a new direction criterion based on the backward fault travelling wave, which has stronger resistance to interference from transition resistance and operates at a faster speed than other methods. Additionally, this paper provides the time‐domain expression of the travelling wave after multiple reflections between the fault point and the converter station port, enabling the calculation of the threshold setting for the criterion. The new direction criterion is tested in PSCAD/EMTDC, and simulation results demonstrate that it can accurately identify fault direction and has a strong ability to withstand transition resistance.
JADES: Discovery of extremely high equivalent width Lyman-α emission from a faint galaxy within an ionized bubble at z = 7.3
Authors: Saxena Aayush , Robertson Brant E. , Bunker Andrew J. , Endsley Ryan , Cameron Alex J. , Charlot Stephane , Simmonds Charlotte , Tacchella Sandro , Witstok Joris , Willott Chris , Carniani Stefano , Curtis-Lake Emma , Ferruit Pierre , Jakobsen Peter , Arribas Santiago , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , D’Eugenio Francesco , De Graaff Anna , Jones Gareth C. , Looser Tobias J. , Maseda Michael V. , Rawle Tim , Rix Hans-Walter , Del Pino Bruno Rodríguez , Smit Renske , Übler Hannah , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin , Hausen Ryan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Rieke Marcia , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Baker William M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bowler Rebecca , Boyett Kristan , Chen Zuyi , Egami Eiichi , Ji Zhiyuan , Kumari Nimisha , Nelson Erica , Perna Michele , Sandles Lester , Scholtz Jan , Shivaei Irene
Published: August 2023

We report the discovery of a remarkable Lyα emitting galaxy at z = 7.2782, JADES-GS+53.16746−27.7720 (shortened to JADES-GS-z7-LA), with rest-frame equivalent width, EW0(Lyα) = 388.0 ± 88.8 Å and UV magnitude −17.0. The spectroscopic redshift is confirmed via rest-frame optical lines [O II], Hβ and [O III] in its JWST/NIRSpec Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) spectrum. The Lyα line is detected in both lower resolution (R ∼ 100) PRISM as well as medium resolution (R ∼ 1000) G140M grating spectra. The line spread function-deconvolved Lyα full width at half maximum in the grating is 383.9 ± 56.2 km s−1 and the Lyα velocity offset compared to the systemic redshift is 113.3 ± 80.0 km s−1, indicative of very little neutral gas or dust within the galaxy. We estimate the Lyα escape fraction to be > 70%. JADES-GS-z7-LA has a [O III]/[O II] ratio (O32) of 11.1 ± 2.2 and a ([O III] + [O II])/Hβ ratio (R23) of 11.2 ± 2.6, consistent with low metallicity and high ionization parameters. Deep NIRCam imaging also revealed a close companion source (separated by 0.23″), which exhibits similar photometry to that of JADES-GS-z7-LA, with a photometric excess in the F410M NIRCam image consistent with [O III] + Hβ emission at the same redshift. The spectral energy distribution of JADES-GS-z7-LA indicates a “bursty” star formation history, with a low stellar mass of ≈107 M⊙. Assuming that the Lyα transmission through the intergalactic medium is the same as its measured escape fraction, an ionized region of size > 1.5 pMpc is needed to explain the high Lyα EW and low velocity offset compared to systemic seen in JADES-GS-z7-LA. Owing to its UV-faintness, we show that it is incapable of single-handedly ionizing a region large enough to explain its Lyα emission. Therefore, we suggest that JADES-GS-z7-LA (and possibly the companion source) may be a part of a larger overdensity, presenting direct evidence of overlapping ionized bubbles at z > 7.
Beobachten, kommunizieren und steuern – Therapeutisches Beziehungsdreieck
Authors: von Bosse Alexa
Published: August 2023

Bei zentralnervalen chronischen Schädigungen arbeiten Therapierende mit Patient*innen und pflegenden Angehörigen mitunter über Jahre intensiv zusammen. Alexa von Bosse hat in einer empirischen Studie die Wichtigkeit einer gelingenden Kommunikation und Beziehungsgestaltung in diesem Beziehungsdreieck in der Physiotherapie verdeutlichen können. Für die Ergotherapie sind die Erkenntnisse ebenfalls wertvoll, denn auch hier spielt der Umgang mit Angehörigen eine wichtige Rolle.
Grundlagen, Einordnung und Anwendung des geschwindigkeitsbasierten Krafttrainings
Authors: Wiedenmann Tim , Rappelt Ludwig , Held Steffen , Deutsch Jan-Philip , Donath Lars
Published: August 2023

Wer wünscht sich nicht ein einfaches System zur Ermittlung der optimalen Trainingsbelastung? Herkömmliche Verfahren sind oft aufwendig, wenig objektiv und werden den Trainierenden wegen der unvermeidbaren Leistungsschwankungen oft nicht gerecht. Geschwindigkeitsbasiertes Krafttraining verspricht hier Abhilfe. Es ermöglicht eine relativ einfache Ermittlung der optimalen Trainingsparameter, verspricht gute Ergebnisse bei geringerer Ermüdung und lässt sich im Trainingsalltag leicht umsetzen.
Schnelligkeitstraining im Sprint-, Sprung- und Wurfbereich mit Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Roth Ralf , Gentsch Nicola , Müller Claudine
Published: August 2023

Trailer: Wer meint, beim Schnelligkeitstraining ginge es nur darum, eine bestimmte Distanz in kürzester Zeit zurückzulegen, hat sich getäuscht. Gerade mit Kindern kann das Schnelligkeitstraining sehr abwechslungsreich gestaltet werden.
First Stereoselective Synthesis of Diethyl cis- and trans-(4-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)phosphonates and Ethyl Phenylphosphinates from Quinolin-4(1H)-one
Authors: Ordóñez Mario , Argüello-Velasco Rubén Oswaldo , Miranda-Blancas Teodoro , Romero-Estudillo Ivan , Labastida-Galván Victoria
Published: August 2023

We report a practical method for the first stereoselective synthesis of diethyl cis- and trans-(4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)phosphonates, as well as ethyl cis- and trans-(4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)phenylphosphinates. The main feature of this method is the regioselective 1,4-phosponylation to N-Cbz quinolin-4(1H)-one using diethyl phosphite or ethyl phenylphosphinate followed by a highly diastereoselective reduction to give the cis stereoisomers as favored products, which were converted into trans stereoisomers through the Mitsunobu reaction. Cleavage of the N-Cbz bond under hydrogenolysis gave the target heterocyclic α-aminophosphonates and α-aminophosphinates.
Randomised Controlled Trial on Prophylaxis of Mastitis–Metritis–Agalactia Syndrome in Swine using Caulophyllum Logoplex and Lachesis Logoplex
Authors: Büttner Kathrin , Oelkers Janna , Burfeind Onno , Krieter Joachim , Czycholl Irena
Published: August 2023

Background Mastitis–metritis–agalactia (MMA) syndrome occurs in the first days post-partum and causes piglet losses mainly due to malnutrition. One possibility for prophylaxis of MMA is via homeopathy. In this veterinary study, the effectiveness of a prophylactic administration of homeopathic remedies for the prevention of the occurrence of MMA in swine was evaluated.

Methods In a randomised and blinded study, 60 sows were examined. Sows were randomly distributed in two groups: the experimental group (CL/LL) received a prophylactic administration of the complex homeopathic remedies Caulophyllum Logoplex and Lachesis Logoplex, and the placebo group was administered a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in the same injection scheme as the experimental group. Clinical signs of MMA, behavioural changes, as well as production parameters, were recorded beginning with the day of farrowing until 5 days post-partum.

Results The treatment group showed no significant effect on the occurrence of MMA in sows (CL/LL: 56.67% MMA positive sows; NaCl: 53.53% MMA positive sows). Treatment group had also no significant effect on health parameters (vaginal discharge, raised rectal temperature, shortage of milk) or behavioural parameters (impaired feeding behaviour and impaired general condition). For the production parameter average weight gain, statistically significant effects in the treatment group were detected.

Conclusions Prophylaxis with the homeopathic remedies Caulophyllum Logoplex and Lachesis Logoplex showed neither an improvement in MMA prevention nor an improvement in health parameters or behavioural traits in the present herd of sows.
Utility of red blood cell parameters and indices of iron homeostasis in evaluation of microcytosis without anemia or with mild anemia: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Thambiraj Paruvathavarthini , Nanda Nivedita , Kar Rakhee
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Asymptomatic microcytosis may be a prelude to microcytic hypochromic anemia of varied causes. Evaluation of red cell indices may help delineate cases needing further investigation like hemoglobin high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb-HPLC). In addition, markers of iron homeostasis will help confirm iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE)/iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Materials and Methods:

This was a single institutional hospital-based study over a period of 18 months. The sample size was 60, which include all age groups, males and females, and values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL, Hb ≥ 10g/dL were taken as the inclusion criteria. Various derived red cell indices, Hb-HPLC, and iron parameters were assessed. HbHPLC and serum ferritin with transferrin saturation (TSAT) values were taken as the gold standard for diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies/thalassemia trait and IDA/IDE, respectively.

Statistical Analysis:

Mean with standard deviation was calculated for normally distributed data such as Hb, RBC count, RDW, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and hematocrit. Median with range was calculated for non-normally distributed data.

Results:

Out of 60 samples, 24 (40%) and 36 (60%) had abnormal and normal proportion of Hb variants, respectively. In total, seven indices were evaluated, which included Mentzer’s index, red cell distribution width index, Ehsani’s index, Sirdah’s formula, Matos–Carvalho index, Shine and Lal index, and Sehgal’s index. The Shine and Lal index showed better sensitivity (89%) and specificity (73%) for diagnosing pure thalassemia trait. The Sirdah index showed better sensitivity (78%) and specificity (42%) in diagnosing IDE/IDA. Ferritin showed better sensitivity (74%) and specificity (84%) in diagnosing pure IDA and TSAT showed better results in diagnosing IDA/IDE.

Conclusion:

The Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index can be used as screening tools and help detect subjects who require appropriate follow-up with confirmation by HbHPLC. Serum ferritin remains the gold standard for diagnosis of IDA.
Volatility linkages and value gains from diversifying with Islamic assets
Authors: Akhtar Shumi , Akhtar Farida , Jahromi Maria , John Kose
Published: August 2023

Islamic assets, assets compliant with ethical and religious norms as codified in Sharia law, broaden the investor base. Do such investments contribute to mean-variance efficiency, and if so, how? Using daily data on stock, bond, and money market indices from nine Islamic countries and 37 non-Islamic ones from May 2007 to June 2010, we show that adding Islamic assets to an existing portfolio of conventional (non-Islamic) assets can expand the mean-variance frontier and thereby create additional value through diversification. The “specialness” of Islamic assets comes from a smaller set of common information and a lower degree of cross-market hedging between Islamic and conventional markets. This reduces volatility linkages between Islamic and conventional assets relative to volatility linkages between two conventional assets. Including one Islamic asset lowers volatility linkages by up to 3.16 percentage points after controlling for country-level fixed effects and time-varying characteristics. Low volatility linkages are key to increasing diversification benefits that arise from improvements in the global mean-variance portfolio. Our research contributes to the international business literature by highlighting the potential benefits of bridging religious, ethical, and cultural differences to add new markets to an incomplete international market structure and in so doing increase diversification benefits.
Design of tailored asthma control status infographics
Authors: Arcia Adriana , Spiegel-Gotsch Nicole , George Maureen
Published: August 2023

Infographics tailored with patients’ own health data are increasingly being used to support comprehension of
health status, particularly among patients with limited health literacy. However, best practices for this type of health
communication are still emerging and little is known about how some types of health data can be optimally displayed. We used an
iterative participatory design process to design tailored infographics to present subjective and objective measures of asthma
control status to adult patients in English and Spanish. Here, we document our design journey, reporting on the rationale for our
design choices and the successes and lessons learned during the project.
Micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators: a review
Authors: Lu Xianzheng , Ren Hao
Published: August 2023

With the development of next-generation wireless communication and sensing technologies, there is an increasing demand for high-performance and miniaturized resonators. Micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators are becoming promising candidates because of their multiple vibration modes, lithographically defined frequencies, and small footprint. In the past two decades, micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators based on various piezoelectric materials and structures have achieved considerable progress in performance and applications. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art Lamb wave resonators based on aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum scandium nitride (Al
x
Sc1−x
N), and lithium niobate (LiNbO3), as well as their applications and further developments. The promises and challenges of micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators are also discussed. It is promising for micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators to achieve higher resonant frequencies and performance through advanced fabrication technologies and new structures, the integration of multifrequency devices with radio frequency (RF) electronics as well as new applications through utilizing nonlinearity and spurious modes. However, several challenges, including degenerated electrical and thermal properties of nanometer-scale electrodes, accurate control of film thickness, high thin film stress, and a trade-off between electromechanical coupling efficiencies and resonant frequencies, may limit the commercialization of micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators and thus need further investigation. Potential mitigations to these challenges are also discussed in detail in this review. Through further painstaking research and development, micromachined piezoelectric Lamb wave resonators may become one of the strongest candidates in the commercial market of RF and sensing applications.
Measuring the elliptical form of the Moon’s terminator curve and its illuminated area by direct and indirect methods
Authors: Caerols Hugo , Asenjo Felipe A , Ponce Mario
Published: August 2023

Because solar light, from Earth perspective, a curve is drawn in Moon’s surface that separates its dark side from the illuminated one. This curve is known as the terminator curve. In this article we prove, using direct and indirect methods, that the terminator curve corresponds to an ellipse. This is demonstrated using mathematical concepts and photographs of the Moon that are analysed with a geometrical software. Using this information, we also show how to calculate the illuminated fraction area of the Moon depending on its day of rotation. We obtain excellent approximations regarding the values given by computational systems. We discuss the results of considering the Moon as a flat disk or like a sphere. We analyse the technical difficulties of the process and the mathematical tools needed for more precise calculations. We also put in context this demonstration of the ellipticity of the terminator curve for any interior planet illuminated by a central star of any planetary system, seen from a outsider planet, the case in which the phases are more noticeable. Finally we extend the previous calculations to analyse the illuminated percentage of the inner planets Mercury and Venus, obtaining excellent results in the case of Venus.
Uncertainty-aware spot rejection rate as quality metric for proton therapy using a digital tracking calorimeter
Authors: Schilling Alexander , Aehle Max , Alme Johan , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor , Bodova Tea , Borshchov Vyacheslav , van den Brink Anthony , Eikeland Viljar , Feofilov Gregory , Garth Christoph , Gauger Nicolas R , Grøttvik Ola , Helstrup Håvard , Igolkin Sergey , Keidel Ralf , Kobdaj Chinorat , Kortus Tobias , Leonhardt Viktor , Mehendale Shruti , Ningappa Mulawade Raju , Harald Odland Odd , O’Neill George , Papp Gábor , Peitzmann Thomas , Pettersen Helge Egil Seime , Piersimoni Pierluigi , Protsenko Maksym , Rauch Max , Ur Rehman Attiq , Richter Matthias , Röhrich Dieter , Santana Joshua , Seco Joao , Songmoolnak Arnon , Sudár Ákos , Tambave Ganesh , Tymchuk Ihor , Ullaland Kjetil , Varga-Kofarago Monika , Volz Lennart , Wagner Boris , Wendzel Steffen , Wiebel Alexander , Xiao RenZheng , Yang Shiming , Zillien Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Objective. Proton therapy is highly sensitive to range uncertainties due to the nature of the dose deposition of charged particles. To ensure treatment quality, range verification methods can be used to verify that the individual spots in a pencil beam scanning treatment fraction match the treatment plan. This study introduces a novel metric for proton therapy quality control based on uncertainties in range verification of individual spots. Approach. We employ uncertainty-aware deep neural networks to predict the Bragg peak depth in an anthropomorphic phantom based on secondary charged particle detection in a silicon pixel telescope designed for proton computed tomography. The subsequently predicted Bragg peak positions, along with their uncertainties, are compared to the treatment plan, rejecting spots which are predicted to be outside the 95% confidence interval. The such-produced spot rejection rate presents a metric for the quality of the treatment fraction. Main results. The introduced spot rejection rate metric is shown to be well-defined for range predictors with well-calibrated uncertainties. Using this method, treatment errors in the form of lateral shifts can be detected down to 1 mm after around 1400 treated spots with spot intensities of 1 × 107 protons. The range verification model used in this metric predicts the Bragg peak depth to a mean absolute error of 1.107 ± 0.015 mm. Significance. Uncertainty-aware machine learning has potential applications in proton therapy quality control. This work presents the foundation for future developments in this area.