bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuina, rebost i alimentació a la vil·la romana de Vilauba vers la fi del segle III d.C.
Authors: Castanyer i Masoliver Pere , Colominas Lídia
Published: December 2024

En aquest treball s’estudien els espais relacionats amb la cuina i el rebost del nucli residencial de la vil·la romana de Vilauba. La identificació funcional de la major part de les estances de la casa permet conèixer les característiques de les instal·lacions vinculades amb l’alimentació dels seus habitants. La destrucció sobtada de l’edificació ha permès recuperar la major part dels objectes que conformaven el parament de la casa i estudiar els diversos objectes des d’una perspectiva funcional. A més de la cuina i dels estris culinaris, l’estudi de les restes de fauna recuperades en aquests espais contribueix a reconstruir els principals hàbits alimentaris en aquesta vil·la rural.
Comparison of Body Quality Composition, Including Phase Angle, in PostMyocardial Infarction Patients Qualified for Rehabilitation under the MC-AMI Program and Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland, Slazak Aleksandra , Przybylska Iga ,   Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Medicine, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Poland, Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
Published: December 2024

Background: In some diseases, such as heart failure, there is talk of an obesity paradox, as lower mortality is observed in
patients with higher BMI. Both obesity and frailty syndrome are risk factors for adverse prognosis and treatment, including high
mortality. Body composition analysis with electrical bioimpedance (BIA) appears to be a good method for assessing changes in
patients after various cardiovascular incidents, as well as for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative composition of the body (including but not limited to phase
angle (PhA), visceral fat, and lean body mass) using BIA in post-MI patients qualified for rehabilitation under the Managed
Care after Acute Myocardial Infarction (MC-AMI) program. The control group consisted of patients with suspected ischemic
heart disease with symptoms of angina but without myocardial infarction.
Methods: The project was conducted as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 148 patients. The final study
included 94 patients after revascularization for myocardial infarction and 54 patients with stable angina admitted electively to
the Cardiology Department for coronary angiography.
Results: The group of patients after myocardial infarction had statistically significantly higher values of total cholesterol, LDL,
and triglycerides. The group of women after myocardial infarction had lower values for fat-free tissue mass and muscle mass in
the trunk and limbs. No significant differences in PhA values were observed between the two groups.
Conclusions: Learning more about the role of electrical bioimpedance brings much hope as a non-invasive method that can be
used as a predictive marker of health change in cardiology.
Success Rates and Prognostic Factors in the Management of Keratoconus: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study at Siriraj Hospital
Authors: Thuangtong Atiporn , Phongsuphan Theerajate
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the success rates of different treatment modalities, identify prognostic factors associated with treatment outcomes and factors influencing disease progression in keratoconus patients.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of keratoconus patients at Siriraj Hospital during January 2013 to December 2023 was done. Patient characteristics, symptoms and signs related to keratoconus, outcomes of corneal topography, treatment modalities, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment were recorded. Treatment outcome was defined as a “success” when the BCVA post-treatment was equal to or better than 6/12. Progression of keratoconus was based on the Belin ABCD progression criteria.
Results: Total 119 patients (231 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was 28.0 ± 9.5 years. Two hundred and sixteen eyes (93.5%) were clinical keratoconus. The overall success rate of all treatment modalities was 87.4%. Contact lenses were the most frequent treatment modality (147 eyes, 72.4%) with the highest success rate (90.5%). A worse initial BCVA, high keratometric reading and thinner cornea were risk factors for treatment failure in this group. Of 133 eyes disease progression could be evaluated (median follow-up time; 33 months) and 58 eyes(43.6%) met criteria for disease progression (median survival time; 8.8 years). No significant factors were found to be associated with disease progression.
Conclusion: Success rate in keratoconus treatment at Siriraj Hospital was 87.4%. Contact lenses were most frequently applied 72.4%. Factors associated with treatment failure were found in this group but for disease progressionremained unclear due to limitations of the study.
A Case Series and Systematic Review: Results of Surgical Management of Glaucoma Drainage Device Tube Exposure
Authors: Neti Nutnicha , Petchyim Sakaorat , Phongsuphan Theerajate , Ruangvaravate Ngamkae , Prabhasawat Pinnita , Sakiyalak Darin , Kitnarong Naris , Jiravarnsirikul Anuwat
Published: December 2024

Objective: To present a case series of patients who underwent surgical repair for glaucoma drainage device (GDD) tube exposure and conduct a systematic review to analyze results of various surgical techniques.
Materials and Methods: This study provides the details of GDD tube exposure repair at our hospital. Additionally, a systematic review was conducted using electronic databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL. Data extraction and analysis included demographic information, surgical techniques, results, and duration of follow-up.
Results: We reported nine cases of GDD tube exposure repair, with additional 109 cases from 24 previous studies. One of our challenging cases encountered multiple tube revision failures by the patch graft technique; the exposure issue was sustainably resolved by a hinge scleral flap with buccal mucosal graft technique. Of the 118 cases, various surgical techniques were used, including patch grafts, hinge scleral flaps, primary conjunctival closure and rerouting. Among the cases, 61.6% were classified as difficult cases. The overall first, fifth and thirteenth-year survival ratewas 90.7%, 86.2% and 86.2%, respectively. Rerouting and scleral flap/tunnel techniques demonstrated the highest survival rate. No statistically significant differences in survival outcomes were observed among patch graft, scleral flap/tunnel and rerouting method (P = 0.129). The mean survival duration was 33.54 months. The duration of follow-up was 35.01 months.
Conclusion: Surgical management of GDD tube exposure yields favorable outcomes. A hinge scleral flap with buccal mucosal grafts can be a good option to treat challenging cases. The findings can shape an algorithm to manage GDD tube exposure.
Tác động của công bố thông tin ESG tới khả năng sinh lời của ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyễn Minh Phương , Trần Thúy Anh , Bùi Thị Dạ Lý , Trần Bình Minh , Đinh Phương Hà
Published: December 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá sự tác động của công bố thông tin ESG đến khả năng sinh lời bằng mô hình cụ thể với hai chỉ số ROA và ROE tại các ngân hàng thương mại hoạt động tại thị trường Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2018-2023. Quá trình nghiên cứu được chia làm 2 giai đoạn nghiên cứu: (i) Giai đoạn 1 sử dụng phương pháp Disclosure Index Analysis để đo lường mức độ minh bạch của công bố thông tin ESG; và (ii) Giai đoạn 2 sử dụng mô hình kinh tế lượng nhằm nghiên cứu tác động của công bố thông tin ESG đến khả năng sinh lời của các ngân hàng thương mại. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng công bố thông tin ESG một cách đầy đủ, minh bạch sẽ góp phần nâng cao trách nhiệm về phát triển bền vững của các ngân hàng, hỗ trợ các ngân hàng nâng cao vị thế cạnh tranh và gia tăng lợi nhuận.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Tiket Bus Berbasis Website
Authors: Minarni Minarni , Daud Muhammad Isa , Yulianti Eva , Swara Ganda Yoga , Putra Eko Kurniawanto
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini telah berkembang pesat dan mempengaruhi hampir semua aspek kehidupan dengan demikian sangat membuka peluang untuk perusahaan yang ingin melakukan pengembangan di berbagai sektor bisnis seperti pelayanan dan jasa. Po Putra Pelangi merupakan salah satu perusahaan penyedia layanan yang bergerak di bidang jasa transportasi darat antar kota provinsi. Namun proses pemesanan tiket yang masih manual seringkali mengakibatkan berbagai kendala, seperti penumpang sering kehabisan tiket pada saat tiba di loket karena kurang nya informasi mengenai jadwal keberangkatan dan pada pelaksanaan admin juga juga sering mengalami kendala dalam hal pembukuan dan pencatatan nya, sering kali terjadinya human error pada saat proses pencatatan yang tidak rapi dan tidak terdokumentasi dengan bai dalam proses rekap data calon penumpang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem informasi pemesanan tiket bus pada Po Putra Pelangi. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi analisis kebutuhan sistem, perancangan basis data, dan pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara meninjau secara langsung ke lapangan, studi pustaka dan kepustakaan. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian black box diterapkan pada sistem informasi pemesanan tiket bus untuk memastikan bahwa semua fungsi utama sistem bekerja sesuai dengan spefikasi yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini berhasil merancang sebuah sistem informasi pemesanan tiket pada bus berbasis website.
Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt To Equity, Inventory Turnover, Dan Perputaran Total Aset Terhadap Returun On Aset Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Marbun ElsaWaty , Pratama Ayang , Lubis Yeti Meliany
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh current ratio, debt to equity, inventory turnover, dan perputaran total aset terhadap return on aset  pada perusahaan pertambangan  yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan Teknik sampling purposive sampel berjumlah 63 perusahaan di sektor pertambangan yang terdata di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Jumlah parsial dan simultan mungkin terjadi saat mengevaluasi hipotesis penelitian seperti Current ratio, Debt to equity, Inventory turnover , dan Perputaran total asset terhadap Return on asset pada perusahaan Pertambanan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Siswa Baru Berbasis Web Pada Pondok Pesantren Nurul Qur’an Betung Abab Kabupaten Pali
Authors: Darmin Darmin , Wijaya Khana , Purbasari Yuntari
Published: December 2024

The impact of the development of information technology in the field of education is to facilitate a particular educational institution or agency in carrying out the process of accepting new students by using a web-based information system. The presence of this web-based information system will make it easier for the new student admissions committee to manage and store various data accurately regarding information on prospective new students, and the time needed to process and store data is relatively short compared to the manual process.
LAYANAN PENGGUNA FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: Nuraeni Brigida Endah , Junianto Pilifus , Simamora Herto , Elizabert Yesita
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari dan mengetahui hasil Kajian dan pengaruh-pengaruh lain dari Layanan Pengguna Financial Technology (Fintech) Pada Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah yang ada di kota Batam. Kajian layanan yang terdiri dari beberapa variable kunci yaitu Informasi konten, Interaksi pelanggan, adoption Fintech, Privasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian yaitu jenis kausal dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Informasi Konten terhadap Adoption FinTech. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Informasi Konten terhadap Privasi. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Interaksi Pelanggan terhadap Adoption FinTech. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Interaksi Pelanggan terhadap Privasi. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Privasi terhadap Adoption FinTech
Sistem Absensi Online Berbasis Web Dengan Penggunaan Teknologi GPS
Authors: Purwanto Dedi , Putri Ranti Eka , Fadly Yossy , Pratiwi Dian Citra
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem absensi pegawai universitas berbasis web yang memanfaatkan teknologi GPS (Global Positioning System) sebagai metode verifikasi lokasi. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mempermudah proses absensi pegawai yang dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan akurat berdasarkan lokasi geografis. Penggunaan GPS memungkinkan pengawasan yang lebih efektif terhadap kehadiran pegawai, memastikan bahwa absensi dilakukan hanya ketika pegawai berada di area yang telah ditentukan, seperti area kampus. Sistem ini terdiri dari aplikasi berbasis web yang terintegrasi dengan perangkat GPS pada smartphone pegawai, serta database yang menyimpan data absensi dan lokasi secara real-time. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem ini, manajemen kehadiran pegawai dapat dilakukan dengan lebih efisien, mengurangi manipulasi absensi, dan meningkatkan transparansi serta akuntabilitas di lingkungan universitas.
Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Kulit Menggunakan metode forward chaining Di RS HAMS Kisaran
Authors: Zulkhairani Zulkhairani
Published: December 2024

Sistem pakar secara umum adalah sistem yang berusaha mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia ke komputer, agar komputer dapat menyelesaikan masalah seperti yang biasa dilakukan oleh para ahli. Atau dengan kata lain sistem pakar adalah sistem yang didesain dan diimplementasikan dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman tertentu untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalah seperti yang dilakukan oleh para ahli. Diharapkan dengan sistem ini, orang awam dapat menyelesaikan masalah tertentu baik ‘sedikit’ rumit ataupun rumit sekalipun ‘tanpa’ bantuan para ahli dalam bidang tersebut. Sedangkan bagi para ahli, sistem ini dapat digunakan sebagai asisten yang berpengalaman. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis gangguan penyakit kulit dengan hanya memperhatikan gejala-gejala yang dialami. Dengan menggunakan metode Forward Chaining didapatkan gangguan yang dialami pasien.
Impoliteness in the issue of bullying in the Wonder movie (2017)
Authors: Azizah Nur , Fi’aunillah Tristy Kartika , Swasono Endratno Pilih
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the types of impoliteness strategy used by one of the characters (Julian) toward his interlocutor (Auggie) as the main character in Wonder movie (2017) based on Culpeper’s impoliteness strategy and how the issue of bullying portrayed in the movie. Julian’s utterances towards Auggie were taken as the data, described using descriptive qualitative method, and it was found that the dominant utterance used was negative impoliteness. Julian directly expresses his impoliteness through negative speech, threatening Auggie’s face rather than holding back. Finally, these findings concluded that impoliteness used gradually over time in aggressive or negative utterances represents verbal bullying behavior. The impoliteness strategy here is used to intimidate other people’s feelings and harm them mentally by insulting appearance, belittling the interlocutor, and threatening the interlocutor’s knowledge and abilities. Verbal bullying is directly related to using force to gain the bully’s advantage over a situation or environment. Bullies use intimidation to show social power and outright disrespect. On the other hand, the low self-control of perpetrators is the basis for jealousy of competition, and impoliteness in interactions then causes verbal bullying.
A mixed-methods study of Vietnamese university EFL students’ perception of native English-speaking teachers’ qualities
Authors: Tran Bao-Chau Ngoc , Truong Khoa Dang
Published: December 2024

This study investigated Vietnamese university EFL students’ perception of the desired qualities of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs). A mixed-methods approach, including questionnaire data and semi-structured interviews, unveiled key attributes highly valued by the students. In order of importance, these encompassed engaging classroom interaction, robust subject matter knowledge, effective assessment strategies, and positive teacher-student relationships. Although these aspects of NEST qualities emerged as top priorities, the study also highlighted the comparative importance of other qualities in relation to classroom pedagogies, classroom management, personality traits, and professional behavior. In addition, the study identified ten highly endorsed qualities as strong predictors of an effective NEST model within the EFL context, as well as the rationale behind the students’ perception of these qualities. The study emphasizes the need for NESTs to consider and adapt their teaching practices to enhance EFL students’ learning experiences, while also providing implications for NEST preparation and training in Vietnam and in similar EFL contexts.
Run to the board game: Its implementation in teaching English vocabulary
Authors: Sharifah Ferly , Megawati Fika , Novita Dian , Astutik Yuli
Published: December 2024

In the era of globalization, mastering English is crucial for international communication. However, the success of English education in Indonesia is often hindered by limited language skills, particularly in vocabulary, which significantly affects students' comprehension. This challenge underscores the importance of fostering students' motivation to learn, as motivation serves as a key driver for academic success. This study employed a qualitative case study approach to investigate the implementation of the "Run to the Board" game as a method to teach English language skills at a junior high school. Participants were Kampus Mengajar batch 4 student teachers. Data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study enrich the theoretical understanding of the "Run to the Board" (RTTB) method and offer practical insights for English language educators. This research provides alternative implementations of RTTB to suit diverse classroom contexts and explores the reflections of pre-service English teachers in applying this game. These reflections highlight the challenges and strategies involved in effectively utilizing RTTB, offering a valuable perspective for improving student engagement and vocabulary acquisition through innovative teaching methods. The results are expected to inspire teachers to be more creative in boosting students' self-confidence and addressing vocabulary challenges that impede their English proficiency.
A literature review on the effects of failure in the English subject in national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students
Authors: Oeun Saem , Heng Kimkong
Published: December 2024

English plays a pivotal role in high-stakes examinations at both national and international contexts. This review article aims to discuss the effects of failure in the English subject in the national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students. Drawing on secondary sources such as journal articles, conference papers, theses and dissertations, official documents or research reports, books, book chapters, and newspaper articles, the article highlights a number of effects of students’ failure in national high school exams in general contexts, such as (a) increased school dropouts, (b) limited higher education enrolment, (c) limited job opportunities, and (d) compromised psychological well-being. The article also identifies several effects of failure in the English subject in national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students. These include effects on (a) educational opportunities, (b) job opportunities, (c) communication ability, and (d) psychological well-being. The article provides some recommendations to help students who fail the English subject in the national exam deal with the consequences after exam failure. The recommendations focus on the roles of various stakeholders in general education in Cambodia, such as the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport (MoEYS), teachers, parents, students, and other relevant stakeholders. The article concludes with some suggestions for future research.
Biosphere, hydrosphere and noosphere as components of the hypercomplex system of planet Earth. Part 3. The Biosphere as the Earth Life Space
Authors: Kamnev Alexander N.
Published: December 2024

In this part of the analytical review, the biosphere is considered as the space of life. The spatial and temporal aspects of the ontology of the biosphere and its interrelations with the hydrosphere and the noosphere are discussed. The relevance of Vladimir Vernadsky's biogeochemical and philosophical works is emphasized. The boundaries of the biosphere and the beginning of life on Earth, the structure of the biosphere, manifestations of spatial hypercompexity, the role of hidden subsystems (deep biosphere, rare biosphere, virosphere, cryosphere) are discussed. Some aspects of the noospheric biosphere and the tendency of heating of leaving areas as a factor of global warming are considered.
Hydrochemical characteristics of the waters of the coastal zone of the northeastern part of the Black Sea according to monitoring observations in 2023
Authors: Chasovnikov Valeriy K. , Chasovnikov Dmitry V. , Rebetskaya Elena A.
Published: December 2024

The results of oceanological research carried out within the framework of the integrated scientific expedition "Black Sea-2023" and devoted to the study of the coastal zone of the sea on the basis of monitoring observations are presented.
The hydrochemical parameters of the waters of the coastal shelf zone of the Black Sea are analyzed. In 2023, there was a decrease in the average annual stock of all biogenic elements in the active layer of the sea, compared with the hydrochemical background of 2022, and the minimum content of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus was recorded over the last six years of observations.
Studies in areas with varying degrees of anthropogenic stress have revealed an improvement in the ecological state of the waters in the Gelendzhik Bay.
Efficient Snell’s law solution for generating robust acoustic tweezers in dual-layered media
Authors: Pham Huy Q. , Nguyen Nhung , Tran Quang , Le Trung B. , Le Trung Q.
Published: December 2024

Acoustic tweezers can trap and manipulate a target along a desired path without physical contact. Potential applications of this technology may require the propagation of acoustic waves through non-homogeneous media. It is typically assumed that the acoustic impedance of media is the same. However, this assumption leads to reduced efficiency in both the trapping accuracy and strength of the acoustic tweezers. In this study, we propose a method to derive phases driving an 8x8 array of ultrasonic transducers using generalized Snell’s law to account for the variation in the speed of sound between media layers of planar or non-planar interfaces. The results indicate that the tweezers formed with our approach maintain their patterns and trapping capability at selected trapping locations. In addition, our method significantly enhances the trapping accuracy and force, achieving up to ten times greater force and more accurate alignment with the selected trapping points compared to the previous method that assumes a uniform speed of sound.
Three-year multi-mycotoxin analysis of South African commercial maize from three provinces
Authors: Nji Queenta Ngum , Mwanza Mulunda
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reported that numerous diseases can be traced back to the consumption of unsafe food contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic filamentous fungi. Mycotoxins reported to be of socio-economic concerns include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol. These mycotoxins are frequent contaminants of maize especially in the face of climate change and global food insecurity. South Africa is a leading exporter of maize in Africa, hence, it is crucial to evaluate exposure risks with respect to mycotoxin contamination of maize for consumers’ safety.

Materials and method

In total, 752 post-harvest maize samples collected from silos over a 3-year period were analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the occurrence of mycotoxins.

Results and discussion

The overall mean values for all the quantified mycotoxins were within the South Africa regulatory limit as well as the individual samples, apart from DON and FB mycotoxins with 5% and 1% samples, respectively, above the limit. Citrinin was quantified in South African commercial maize for the first time. The presence of major mycotoxins in South African commercial maize even within safety limits is of public health concern, hence, continuous monitoring and evaluation is recommended.
Research on the influence of radiotherapy-related genes on immune infiltration, immunotherapy response and prognosis in melanoma based on multi-omics
Authors: Shi Yujing , Zhao Wantong , Ding Yuanjian , Ge Xiaolin , Ju Mengyang
Published: December 2024

Background

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a significant oncological challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor treatment outcomes. This study explores the comprehensive effects of radiotherapy (RT) in SKCM, focusing on cell signaling pathways, immune infiltration, immune gene correlations, immunotherapy response, and prognosis.

Methods

Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SKCM patients undergoing RT were identified. A risk score model based on these DEGs was developed to assess the effects of RT-related genes on drug sensitivity, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, and prognosis through multi-omics analysis. Human melanoma cells UACC62 and UACC257 were irradiated with 8 Gy gamma ray to establish an in vitro model, verifying the impact of radiotherapy on gene expression.

Results

The risk score demonstrated significant prognostic value and emerged as an independent prognostic factor. miRNA-mRNA and transcription factor regulatory networks underscored its clinical significance. Four key genes were identified: DUSP1, CXCL13, SLAMF7, and EVI2B. Analysis of single-cell and immunotherapy datasets indicated that these genes enhance immune response and immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma patients. PCR results confirmed that gamma rays increased the expression of these genes in human melanoma cells UACC62 and UACC257.

Conclusion

Using a multi-omics approach, we analyzed and validated the impact of RT on the immune landscape of melanoma patients. Our findings highlight the critical role of RT-related genes in predicting SKCM prognosis and guiding personalized therapy strategies, particularly in the context of immunotherapy. These contribute to understanding the role of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in melanoma.
Connecting the ruminant microbiome to climate change: insights from current ecological and evolutionary concepts
Authors: Frazier A. Nathan , Beck Matthew R. , Waldrip Heidi , Koziel Jacek A.
Published: December 2024

Ruminant livestock provide meat, milk, wool, and other products required for human subsistence. Within the digestive tract of ruminant animals, the rumen houses a complex and diverse microbial ecosystem. These microbes generate many of the nutrients that are needed by the host animal for maintenance and production. However, enteric methane (CH4) is also produced during the final stage of anaerobic digestion. Growing public concern for global climate change has driven the agriculture sector to enhance its investigation into CH4 mitigation. Many CH4 mitigation methods have been explored, with varying outcomes. With the advent of new sequencing technologies, the host–microbe interactions that mediate fermentation processes have been examined to enhance ruminant enteric CH4 mitigation strategies. In this review, we describe current knowledge of the factors driving ruminant microbial assembly, how this relates to functionality, and how CH4 mitigation approaches influence ecological and evolutionary gradients. Through the current literature, we elucidated that many ecological and evolutionary properties are working in tandem in the assembly of ruminant microbes and in the functionality of these microbes in methanogenesis. Additionally, we provide a conceptual framework for future research wherein ecological and evolutionary dynamics account for CH4 mitigation in ruminant microbial composition. Thus, preparation of future research should incorporate this framework to address the roles ecology and evolution have in anthropogenic climate change.
Comparison of antifungal drugs in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Jing , Han Hedong , Kang Wenwen , Cai Zijin , Zhan Ping , Lv Tangfeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Voriconazole, isavuconazole, and amphotericin (AmB) formulations are currently recommended to treat invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). We aimed to estimate the efficacy of different antifungal drugs in the initial treatment of IPA.

Methods

We included all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating first-line treatments for IPA by searching PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov database. We performed a network meta-analysis to compare the relative efficacy of different drugs in treating IPA. The primary outcomes were the overall response and all-cause mortality (ACM).

Results

Eight studies were identified that compared different drugs including voriconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, liposomal AmB (L-AmB) at standard, high and low doses (3-5 mg/kg/d; 10 mg/kg/d; 1 mg/kg/d), AmB deoxycholate (dAmB) and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD). We found that second-generation triazole antifungal drugs containing voriconazole, isavuconazole, and posaconazole exhibited significantly superior overall response to dAmB and ABCD. Voriconazole was ranked as the best drug on network rank analysis. We found no difference in efficacy between triazole antifungals and L-AmB. A combination of voriconazole with anidulafungin, isavuconazole and voriconazole showed significantly better safety than dAmB.

Conclusion

The efficacy of second-generation triazole antifungal drugs for the first-line treatment of IPA is comparable with L-AmB and is better than both dAmB and ABCD. Isavuconazole may show better safety than voriconazole and posaconazole. Combination therapy with voriconazole and anidulafungin may serve as an alternative option for IPA patients with limited drug tolerance.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/.
Antifungal activity of paeonol against Botrytis cinerea by disrupting the cell membrane and the application on cherry tomato preservation
Authors: Jiao Yang , Zheng Yu , Wu Shiqin , Zhou Li , Jiang Hua , Li Yuanhong , Lin Fuxing
Published: December 2024

Botrytis cinerea may cause gray mold in fruits and vegetables. Paeonol, an active component of traditional Chinese medicine, could suppress various microbial growth. However, reports on its effect on B. cinerea have not yet been documented. In this paper, we demonstrated that paeonol completely inhibited B. cinerea growth at 250 mg/L, corroborated by the observation of irregular morphological alterations in B. cinerea exposed to paeonol. Notably, the investigation of the operating mechanism revealed that paeonol induced cell death by disrupting the cell membrane, potentially mediated by the interaction between paeonol and ergosterol from the membrane. Further studies indicated that paeonol decreased ergosterol content and the expression of certain genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis was significantly downregulated. In addition, paeonol treatment reduced the gray mold of cherry tomatoes. Meanwhile, compared to the control treatment, paeonol treatment could reduce weight loss and maintain higher contents of total soluble solid (TSS) and ascorbic acid, leading to a higher quality of the stored cherry tomato. Together, the data indicate that paeonol was effective as an alternative agent targeting disrupting the cell membrane to control gray mold and prolong the shelf life of cherry tomatoes, suggesting that paeonol could be used as a natural antifungal compound during postharvest storage.
Association between chronic pain and cognitive frailty among middle-aged and elderly individuals: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Tianjiao , Li Lingxuan , Xie Hongyang , Ping Rongyu , Guo Yane , Li Dongmei , Zhang Yuwei , Bai Xiujuan , Sun Bo
Published: December 2024

Background

Frailty, particularly cognitive frailty, is an escalating public health issue. Cognitive frailty is defined by the simultaneous presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, without a confirmed diagnosis of dementia, and has become a significant geriatric syndrome. This study aimed to explore the association between chronic pain and the risk of cognitive frailty.

Methods

We utilized data from two waves (2011 and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), conducting both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses involving 17,705 Chinese adults aged 45 years and older. Chronic pain was defined as pain reported at both time points. Cognitive function was evaluated using a questionnaire adapted from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. The frailty index (FI) was derived from a 30-item assessment. Cognitive frailty was characterized by the co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty.

Results

Among the 14,285 participants, 5.39% exhibited cognitive frailty at baseline. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that individuals suffering from chronic pain faced a higher likelihood of developing cognitive frailty compared to those without pain. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate models also indicated a higher odds of cognitive frailty for participants with chronic pain.

Conclusion

Chronic pain is significantly associated with an elevated risk of cognitive frailty among middle-aged and elderly individuals. These findings highlight the importance of managing chronic pain to mitigate the risk of cognitive frailty, thereby potentially enhancing the quality of life for the aging population and alleviating the economic burden on families and society.
Probing the diagnostic values of plasma cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA for Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Ying Chao , Li Yuan , Zhang Hui , Pang Shimin , Hao Shuwen , Hu Songnian , Zhao Lifang
Published: December 2024

Background

Cell loss and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathological features of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). It remains unclear whether disease-specific changes in plasma circulating cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) occur in patients with PD and MSA. In this study, we investigated whether plasma cf-nDNA, cf-mtDNA levels, as well as cf-mtDNA integrity, are altered in patients with PD and MSA.

Methods

TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR was employed to measure plasma cf-nDNA levels, cf-mtDNA copy numbers, and cf-mtDNA deletion levels in 171 participants, including 76 normal controls (NC), 62 PD patients, and 33 MSA patients. A generalized linear model was constructed to analyze differences in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarkers across clinical groups, while a logistic regression model was applied to assess the predictive values of these biomarkers for developing PD or MSA. Spearman correlations were used to explore associations between the three cfDNA biomarkers, demographic data, and clinical scales.

Results

No significant differences in plasma cf-nDNA levels, cf-mtDNA copy numbers, or cf-mtDNA deletion levels were observed among the PD, MSA, and NC groups (all P > 0.05). Additionally, these measures were not associated with the risk of developing PD or MSA. In PD patients, cf-nDNA levels were positively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores (Rho = 0.382, FDR adjusted P = 0.027). In MSA patients, cf-nDNA levels were positively correlated with International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale scores (Rho = 0.588, FDR adjusted P = 0.011) and negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (Rho = −0.484, FDR adjusted P = 0.044). Subgroup analysis showed that PD patients with constipation had significantly lower plasma cf-mtDNA copy numbers than those without constipation (P = 0.049). MSA patients with cognitive impairment had significantly higher cf-nDNA levels compared to those without (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Plasma cf-nDNA level, cf-mtDNA copy number, and cf-mtDNA deletion level have limited roles as diagnostic biomarkers for PD and MSA. However, their correlations with clinical symptoms support the hypothesis that cell loss and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in PD and MSA development.
Combining dosiomics and machine learning methods for predicting severe cardiac diseases in childhood cancer survivors: the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Bentriou Mahmoud , Letort Véronique , Chounta Stefania , Fresneau Brice , Do Duyen , Haddy Nadia , Diallo Ibrahima , Journy Neige , Zidane Monia , Charrier Thibaud , Aba Naila , Ducos Claire , Zossou Vincent S. , de Vathaire Florent , Allodji Rodrigue S. , Lemler Sarah
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiac disease (CD) is a primary long-term diagnosed pathology among childhood cancer survivors. Dosiomics (radiomics extracted from the dose distribution) have received attention in the past few years to assess better the induced risk of radiotherapy (RT) than standard dosimetric features such as dose-volume indicators. Hence, using the spatial information contained in the dosiomics features with machine learning methods may improve the prediction of CD.

Methods

We considered the 7670 5-year survivors of the French Childhood Cancer Survivors Study (FCCSS). Dose-volume and dosiomics features are extracted from the radiation dose distribution of 3943 patients treated with RT. Survival analysis is performed considering several groups of features and several models [Cox Proportional Hazard with Lasso penalty, Cox with Bootstrap Lasso selection, Random Survival Forests (RSF)]. We establish the performance of dosiomics compared to baseline models by estimating C-index and Integrated Brier Score (IBS) metrics with 5-fold stratified cross-validation and compare their time-dependent error curves.

Results

An RSF model adjusted on the first-order dosiomics predictors extracted from the whole heart performed best regarding the C-index (0.792 ± 0.049), and an RSF model adjusted on the first-order dosiomics predictors extracted from the heart’s subparts performed best regarding the IBS (0.069 ± 0.05). However, the difference is not statistically significant with the standard models (C-index of Cox PH adjusted on dose-volume indicators: 0.791 ± 0.044; IBS of Cox PH adjusted on the mean dose to the heart: 0.074 ± 0.056).

Conclusion

In this study, dosiomics models have slightly better performance metrics but they do not outperform the standard models significantly. Quantiles of the dose distribution may contain enough information to estimate the risk of late radio-induced high-grade CD in childhood cancer survivors.
Metabolomics and network pharmacology–guided analysis of TNF-α expression by Argemone mexicana (Linn) targeting NF-kB the signalling pathway in cancer cell lines
Authors: Kulshrestha Sunanda , Goel Anjana , Banerjee Subhadip , Sharma Rohit , Khan Mohammad Rashid , Chen Kow-Tong
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cancer has emerged as one of the leading causes of fatality all over the world. Phytoconstituents are being studied for their synergistic effects, which include disease prevention by altering molecular pathways and immunomodulation without side effects. The present experiment aims to explore the cancer preventive activities of Argemone mexicana Linn leaves extract in skin cancer cell lines (A431) and colon cancer cell lines (COLO 320DM)). In addition, TNF-α expression patterns and NF-kB signaling pathways have been examined.

Methods

LC/MS study of Argemone mexicana Linn extracts in various solvents revealed anti-cancerous phytoconstituents. Network pharmacology analysis used Binding DB, STRING, DAVID, and KEGG for data mining to evaluate predicted compounds using functional annotation analysis. Cytoscape 3.2.1 created “neighbourhood approach” and networks. The MNTD of these extracts was tested on L929 fibroblasts. Skin cancer (A431) and colon cancer (COLO 320DM) cell lines were tested for IC50 inhibition. Evaluation of TNF-α and NF-kB expression in cell culture supernatants and homogenates reveals anti-cancerous effects.

Results

LC-MS analysis of extracts predicted the presence of anticancer alkaloids Berberine, Atropine, Argemexicin, and Argemonin. In Network pharmacology analysis, enrichment was linked to the PI3-AKT pathway for both cancer types. MNTD was calculated at 1000μg/ml in L929. The ethanolic extract at 1000μg/ml significantly inhibited skin cancer cell proliferation by 67% and colon cancer cells by 75%. Ethanolic extract significantly reduced TNF-α expression in both cell lines (p<0.001), with the highest inhibition at 1000μg/ml. In TNF-α stimulated cell lines, 1000μg/ml ethanolic extract significantly reduced the regulation of the NF-kB pathway, which plays a role in cancer progression (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Argemone mexicana Linn. known as ‘swarnkshiri’ in Ayurveda has been reported to be used by the traditional healers for the treatment of psoriasis and its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous properties, according to the Indian Medicinal Plant dictionary. In the experiment, the abatement in the expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and inhibition of NF-kB transcription factor activation could be linked with the downregulation of cancer cell proliferation. The study revealed the anticancer activity of Argemone mexicana Linn in the cancer cell lines and paved a pathway for molecular approaches that could be explored more in In vivo studies.
Comparative transcriptomics of a generalist aphid, Myzus persicae and a specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi reveals molecular signatures associated with diversity of their feeding behaviour and other attributes
Authors: Sharma Manvi , Oraon Praveen Kumar , Srivastava Rakesh , Chongtham Rubina , Goel Shailendra , Agarwal Manu , Jagannath Arun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Aphids are phloem sap-sucking insects and are a serious destructive pest of several crop plants. Aphids are categorized as “generalists” or “specialists” depending on their host range. Myzus persicae (Sulz.) is a generalist aphid with a broad host range while Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), a specialist aphid, has a narrow host range. Aphid infestation involves several sequential stages including host recognition and selection, overcoming primary plant defence barriers, feeding on phloem sap and detoxification of host defence responses. Information on the molecular basis of variations between generalist and specialist aphids with reference to the above processes is limited.

Methods

In the current study, we generated transcriptome data of M. persicae and L. erysimi from adult and nymph stages and analysed the differential expression of genes between adults of the generalist and specialist aphid and similarly, between nymphs of the two aphid species. We categorized these differentially expressed genes into nine different categories namely, chemosensation-related, plant cell wall degrading enzymes, detoxification-related, digestive enzymes, peptidases, carbohydrate-, lipid-, amino acid-metabolism and reproduction. We also identified putative effector molecules in both M. persicae and L. erysimi from the transcriptome data,

Results and discussion

Gene expression analysis identified 7688 and 8194 differentially expressed unigenes at adult and nymph stages, respectively of M. persicae and L. erysimi. M. persicae showed significantly higher levels of expression in a greater number of unigenes (5112 in adults and 5880 in nymphs) in contrast to the specialist, L. erysimi (2576 in adults and 2314 in nymphs) in both developmental stages. In addition, M. persicae displayed a greater number (350 in adults and 331 in nymphs) of upregulated unigenes involved in important processes such as host recognition, plant cell wall degradation, detoxification, digestion and metabolism, which correlate with its dynamic and polyphagous nature in contrast to the specialist (337 in adults and 251 in nymphs). We also observed a greater number of putative effectors in M. persicae (948 in adults and 283 in nymphs) than L. erysimi (797 in adults and 245 in nymphs). Based on our analysis, we conclude that the generalist aphid, M. persicae has a more diversified and stronger arsenal of genes that influence its polyphagous feeding behaviour and effective response to plant defence mechanisms against insect-herbivory. Our study provides a compendium of such candidate genes that would be most useful in studies on aphid biology, evolution and control.
Disguising ethnic domination as accommodation or integration
Authors: McGarry John
Published: December 2024

This article examines how and why regimes that dominate particular ethnic communities on behalf of a dominant one disguise themselves by claiming to practice accommodation (consociational power-sharing and territorial autonomy) or integration (equal citizenship with respect for private cultural differences). It also explains how to distinguish authentic accommodation and integration from the sham forms used by these regimes. The article seeks to help identify domination regimes that would otherwise be overlooked. This is important for academics. It is also important for international policymakers who seek to condemn domination and make it more difficult to maintain.