bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Musculoskeletal Impairments or Disorders among Covid-19 patients recovered six months back
Authors: Jawa Rabia , Akbar Muhammad Ammar , Maqbool Sania , Ilyas Tamknat , Arshad Sameen , Siddiqui Ossama , Hayder Ali
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 is essentially an illness brought about by corona virus. COVID-19 is transmitted primarily by close contact between infected individuals. COVID-19 has been related to myalgia and general weakness in one-quarter to one- portion of suggestive patients. Aim: To recognize the number of Covid-19 recovered patients who at present complain of musculoskeletal impairments. Methods: This was an observational study in which 181 covid-19 recovered patients were surveyed. Data was collected from different hospitals of Pakistan, through self-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: After the collection of data, gender differences exist in musculoskeletal disorders after comparison of both genders with age group 20 to 50 years with 48% are males 58% are females and pie chart shows prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among covid-19 recovered patients. According to the findings, around 35% of 181 healed patients (with pain in their body parts) have seen a doctor in the last 6 months, while 65% have not visited a hospital to consult a doctor for MSK disease Practical Implication: Musculoskeletal impairments are leading cause of pain and disability that can lead to deformity if remain untreated or left without prior notice. As Covid-19 infection rate is getting higher day by day and till date vaccination is not available to everyone here. We must ensure that anyone getting infected by the novel Corona can have least negative effects even after patients get cured. Conclusion: Gender differences exist in musculoskeletal problems. We have to compare it with Covid. Here we may say that it may be due to more stress among females, there are more chances of MSK issue among females as compared to males Keywords: Covid-19, musculoskeletal impairments, restriction of activities
Intestinal neoplasia reveals intestinal malrotation
Authors: Pimenta Joana , Gomes Gabriel , Escrevente Ricardo , Duro Emília
Published: February 2023

No Abstract
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Nanoteknolojiye Yönelik Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Göçmen Aliye , Kaya Hasan
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarının nanoteknolojiye yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) ve amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden ölçüt örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Bu nedenle interdisipliner bir özelliğe sahip olan nanoteknolojiye ilişkin her sınıf düzeyinde bir kız ve bir erkek olmak üzere toplam sekiz fen bilimleri öğretmen adayı ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmelerde, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların görüşlerinin içerik analizi sonucunda üç tema (bilişsel boyut, davranışsal boyut ve duygusal boyut) oluşturulmuştur. Görüşlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğretmen adaylarının nanoteknoloji kavramını daha önce okul hayatında ve yeni teknolojik gelişmeler ile ilgili haberlerde duyduklarını belirterek bu alanda farkındalıklarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların çoğunluğu nanoteknoloji kavramını nano boyutlarda çalışan bir teknoloji olduğunu ifade ederken nano boyut kavramını tanımlamada zorlandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Nano boyut kavramının birinci ve ikinci sınıf öğretmen adaylarına karmaşık geldiği, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğretmen adayları ise daha önce duyduğu nanoteknolojik ürünlere dair örnekler vermişlerdir. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu nanoteknolojik ürünlerin daha çok bilgisayar, tekstil ve tıp alanında hayatımızda kolaylık sağladığı, çevre kirliliğini azaltacağı ve olumsuz herhangi bir etkisinin olmayacağı düşüncesinde oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Desigualdades sócio-espaciais no acesso ao saneamento básico e às ameaças à saúde da população do Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Manuel Vitor Portugal
Published: February 2023

A reprodução material e simbólica da vida ocorre no território e depende da garantia de direitos fundamentais. Esta pesquisa almeja investigar as relações entre as desigualdades sócio-espaciais no acesso ao saneamento e as ameaças à saúde das populações dos municípios do Território de Identidade Baixo Sul da Bahia (TIBS), Brasil. A abordagem metodológica interdisciplinar contemplou o uso de indicadores do saneamento e das condições sociais de saúde e a adoção do espaço como categoria de análise social. Desvelou-se um perfil das desigualdades sócio-espaciais no acesso aos serviços públicos, a baixa cobertura do esgotamento sanitário e o uso de fossas rudimentares nos municípios do TIBS. Os valores do índice de internação por diarreia por mil habitantes variam de 0,1 a 9,6, com 53% dos valores deste índice ≥ 2,0. Verificou-se que os valores das taxas de mortalidade infantil e de mortalidade na infância do TIBS (< 5 anos de idade) foram similares aos perfis de mortes evitáveis da Região Nordeste do Brasil ou da América Latina e Caribe. Demanda-se por gestão ambiental e políticas públicas centradas na melhoria da educação, do saneamento básico e na prevenção de internações por diarreia e das mortes evitáveis de crianças.
Família tradicional brasileira: a permanência das normas do direito canônico nas instituições jurídicas do casamento e da família.
Authors: Santos Magalhães Daniella , Hermann de Araújo Medeiros Ruy
Published: February 2023

Este artigo discute a influência das normas do direito canônico nas normas civilistas para reconhecimento e formalização da instituição familiar e do casamento no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral do artigo consiste em investigar a influência do Código do Direito Canônico no Brasil, tal como as Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia comparando com os textos jurídicos que vigeram no Brasil, a exemplo das Ordenações Filipinas, do Código Civil de 1916 e do Código Civil de 2002 acerca da família e do casamento a fomentar a construção do ideário da família tradicional brasileira. A pesquisa possui natureza teórico-argumentativa e realizada por meio da revisão bibliográfica e documental. Concluímos que o discurso do modelo da família tradicional brasileira é uma construção intencional normativa que tende a representar os interesses locais, os costumes ou a tradição de um grupo, mas nem sempre representam a vontade do todo, mas quase sempre a vontade do grupo social dominante.
Contaminação por enteroparasitas em hortaliças comercializadas nas feiras livres da cidade de Santarém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Duarte Gabriela Reis , Gonzaga Erika Maria Silva , Mota Emily Karine Martins , Aguiar Evellyn Monick da Silveira , Siebert Tiago
Published: February 2023

As hortaliças estão ocupando cada vez mais espaço nas refeições dos brasileiros. Entretanto, esses alimentos, quando contaminados pelo meio ambiente ou pelo processo de manipulação, favorecem a cadeia de transmissão de parasitoses intestinais. Na Amazônia, a cidade de Santarém ocupa o 3º pior lugar no ranking de saneamento básico do país. Dessa forma, esse trabalho propõe-se a investigar quais os tipos mais comuns de enteroparasitas presentes na alface, couve e cheiro-verde comercializados em três feiras livres do município. Foram coletadas, no total, 42 amostras analisadas pelos métodos de Hoffman e Willis. Das 42 amostras analisadas, 20 (47,61%) apresentaram algum grau de contaminação. Entre as feiras, a que apresentou maior taxa de contaminação foi a Feira 3 (50%) localizada na zona norte da cidade. Dentre as hortaliças analisadas, alface e cheiro-verde se mostraram como as mais contaminadas (35% e 35%, respectivamente). É fundamental a adoção de medidas que tragam melhorias na qualidade higiênico-sanitária do acondicionamento dessas hortaliças nas feiras.
Condenação de visceras bovinas no Frigoserrano em Itabaiana, Sergipe
Authors: Santos Carla Moniele dos , Vale Patricia de Azevedo Castelo Branco , Vale Welington Gonzaga , Barreto Lígia Maria Gomes , Oliveira Juliana Paula Felipe de , Ribeiro Junior Valdir
Published: February 2023

A condenação de vísceras bovinas ainda é comum nos frigoríficos brasileiros e está entre as principais causas de perdas. A produção de vísceras de boa qualidade depende, entre outros fatores, das técnicas adotadas na fazenda e no frigorifico, no pré-abate e no abate. A identificação das causas de condenação é importante, pois, fornece suporte para melhorias no processo produtivo, auxiliando na redução de perdas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e avaliar as principais causas e frequências de condenações de vísceras de bovinos abatidos em frigorífico localizado em Itabaiana, Sergipe. Para o levantamento das causas de condenações de vísceras bovinas, foram consultados relatórios mensais fornecidos pelo frigorífico, no período de setembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Dentre as vísceras avaliadas, os rins apresentaram maior índice de condenação (32,68%), seguido pelos pulmões (24,45%), baço (22,19%), fígado (7,04%), coração (1,64%) e mocotó (12,00%). Entre as principais causas de condenação estão nefrose (rins, 50,94%), bronquite (pulmão, 37,48%), congestão (baço, 82,77%), abscesso (fígado, 97,24%), pericardite (coração, 61,39%) e pododermatite (mocotó, 85,43%). Essas lesões, em sua totalidade, estão relacionadas a falhas de manejo durante a criação e do manejo do pré abate dos bovinos. Por fim, as informações e tomadas de decisões através da inspeção sanitária devem priorizar o controle e prevenção de doenças que podem ser transmitidas ao consumidor pelo alimento.
Transtorno afetivo bipolar: uma revisão conceitual
Authors: Ferreira Eliene Silva , Silva Mauricio de Oliveira , Leal Thomas Leonardo Marques de Castro
Published: February 2023

O Transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) é uma doença crônica, complexa e com altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo e é uma condição multidimensional envolvendo uma interação complexa e dinâmica entre fatores biológicos e psicossociais. O objetivo desse artigo é fazer um levantamento dos fatores ligados ao desenvolvimento do TAB e através de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizado por meio das bases de dados virtuais de periódicos científicos, revistas de saúde, bases do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e na Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Para a busca dos artigos, foram utilizadas as palavras-chave “Transtorno bipolar: Diagnóstico; Fatores sociais; Fatores culturais e Fatores biológicos”. Foram encontrados 35 artigos sobre o tema e destes selecionados 20 para a discussão. Por meio da pesquisa ficou evidenciado que a TAB necessita de avaliação de cada aspecto da vida dos indivíduos acometidos com esse transtorno, com um olhar não só clínico, mas também social histórico e cultural do paciente.
A importância das cores no aprendizado de estudantes da educação básica com baixa visão
Authors: Pinto Nogueira Zanlorenzi Ivanise , Gisi Maria Lourdes
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo a relação das cores com a aprendizagem em estudantes com baixa visão inseridos na educação básica regular. A baixa visão é um tipo de comprometimento das funções visuais num grau diferente da cegueira, tendo diversas graduações, e se refere desde a simples percepção de luz até a redução da acuidade e do campo visual que interfere ou limita a execução de tarefas e o desempenho geral. As cores configuram meio eficaz para a percepção de mundo complementando um pleno desenvolvimento do ser. O interesse do estudo surgiu da percepção do número de estudantes com baixa visão e da falta de condições existentes nas escolas para propiciar o aprendizado. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, inspirada na fenomenologia hermenêutica, realizada mediante levantamento da produção científica em teses e dissertações. Da análise feita fica evidente a urgente necessidade de se aprimorar estudos no sentido de construir tecnologias que melhorem a incidência da luz (para mais ou para menos), assim como melhorando os contrastes, para afinal proporcionar aos alunos com baixa visão uma melhor apreensão daquilo que se espera que ele observe, dentro de suas capacidades.
Research on the Influence of Local Government Debt on Enterprise Debt Financing
Authors: Kong Wenping
Published: February 2023

In recent years, China's local government debt and corporate debt issues have attracted the attention of academia and the government. At present, the financing difficulties of SMEs have become a problem in the industry. Although the existing literature has studied the impact of local government debt on the debt financing of micro enterprises, the academic circles still hold disputes on the "crowding out effect" and "crowding in effect" of local government debt on micro enterprise behavior. This paper selects the panel data of provincial local government debt and A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2020 to explore the impact of local government debt on corporate debt financing from the scale and structure of corporate debt financing. According to the empirical results, the expansion of local government debt will lead to a decline in the debt financing level of local enterprises. From the perspective of different debt sources, the impact of local government debt expansion is significantly different. Local government debt expansion has a strong and significant crowding out effect on corporate financial liabilities, while this effect on corporate operating liabilities is weak. Accordingly, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions: local governments should reasonably control their own debt scale, implement differentiated deleveraging policies according to local conditions, strengthen the cooperation between financing platforms and private capital, vigorously develop the direct financing market, and create good conditions for enterprise financing.
Study on the Development of Rural Tourism and Cultural Integration in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Wang Hang
Published: February 2023

Rural tourism is a highly comprehensive industry that drives rural revitalization and is also an important support for consolidating the results of poverty eradication in the future. Only through high-quality integration of rural tourism with unique local vernacular cultural resources can rural tourism enhance its charm and truly contribute to rural revitalization. However, new industries related to the integration of cultural tourism are relatively rare, so the demand of tourists for culturally added value in rural tourism has increased. This paper analyzes the dilemma of cultural tourism integration development in Zhejiang Province, introduces the power open integration mechanism framework, combines the current situation of cultural tourism integration in Zhejiang, summarizes the practices and experiences of rural tourism and cultural integration in typical countries such as France, the United States, and Japan, puts forward the path of the integration of cultural industry and tourism industry, and deeply explores the connotation and value of culture in rural tourism, the implementation path of high-quality development of rural tourism and cultural integration, and provides a valuable reference for designing a high-quality rural tourism development path with cultural heritage.
E-commerce Platform Data Governance Environment: Concepts, Elements and Implications
Authors: Li Zeyan
Published: February 2023

Multi-agent participation in data governance is the future trend of data governance research. However, multi-agent participation increases environmental uncertainty for enterprises to implement data governance activities to a certain extent, and the externalities generated by data governance activities still need to be studied. Taking E-commerce platform as an example, this paper aims to explore the conceptual elements of data governance environment and provide practical guidance for promoting multi-subject participation in the data governance process. By using the methods of literature research and theoretical deduction, this paper defines the concept of data governance environment for the first time, defines the core elements of data governance environment, and defines the data governance environment of E-commerce platform as an interactive system composed of data governance participants such as government, platform and users based on system theory and stakeholder theory. It is the space for data and information exchange during data governance activities, and it is the sum of factors that can directly or indirectly affect the data governance process of each participant. E-commerce platform data governance environment is mainly composed of government-level environment, platform-level environment and user-level environment. The environmental elements at the government-level include data policy and industrial policy; the environment at the platform-level consists of data environment and non-data environment; and the environment at the user-level includes personal cognitive ability, personal data literacy and personal privacy awareness.
A Novel Framework to Enterprise Smart City with IOT and Analytics
Authors:   Department of CSE, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, India, Singamaneni Kranthi Kumar ,   Department of EECE, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, India,   Department of EECE, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, India, Reddy S V Bharath Kumar , Sreenivasulu U
Published: February 2023

The use of IoT devices like sensors, actuators, smartphones etc. is the very rapid and useful source in order to cope smartly with the public and community growth requirements. Nevertheless, when you connect thousands of IoT devices to create a smart network as you communicate over the Internet, you produce a massive amount of data, known as Big Data. Integrating IoT services to receive city data in real time and then efficiently processing large amounts of data to create a smart city is a challenge. Therefore, in this paper the smart town framework based on IoT using Big Data Analytics was proposed and developed. We use sensors such as smart home sensors , network cars, water and weather sensors, smart parking sensors, tracking objects, etc. The entire design and implementation model is proposed and implemented in a specific world using Hadoop ecosystems. The system is implemented in various steps , starting from data collection , aggregation, filtering, classification, preprocessing, computing and decision-making. Spark over Hadoop achieves reliability in the production of big data. The program is realistic for building smart cities by using intelligent systems as the city data base.
The perspectives of patients with Parkinson's Disease: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Nørgaard Birgitte , Titlestad Signe Beck , Abrahamsen Charlotte , Marcussen Michael
Published: February 2023

Background and objective: Parkinson’s disease has considerable impact on the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers. Patients’ perspectives are a source of vital knowledge that informs health professionals’ ability to provide individualised and patient-centered care. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the perspectives of patients with Parkinson’s disease on treatment, care and rehabilitation.Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review and searched the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus for original studies, in June 2020 (renewed December 21, 2021). Grey literature was searched at www.parkinson.org, http://www.epda.eu.com, www.apdaparkinson.org and in the OpenSIGLE and HMIC databases. We included studies focusing on patients with Parkinson’s disease aged 18 or older that reported patients’ perspectives on treatment, care and rehabilitation. Results were analysed using thematic synthesis. Results: Thirteen studies were included, each of them applying qualitative methods and including between 1 and 95 patients. The authors identified 17 descriptive themes which resulted in three analytic themes: Significance of self, Significance of informal caregivers and peers, and Significance of professionals.Conclusions: Our findings could be important in helping healthcare professionals plan and deliver treatment, care and rehabilitation based on patients’ priorities in the context of suffering from a chronic disease.
Current Concepts in Elbow Extension Reconstruction for the Tetraplegic Patient
Authors: Zlotolow Dan A. , Kripke Lee A. , Kozin Scott H.
Published: February 2023

Individuals with C5 or C6 spinal cord injury (SCI) have paralysis of the triceps brachii, and the subsequent loss of elbow extension makes it impossible to reliably use their hands above shoulder level because of the inability to hold the elbow extended against gravity. For persons with cervical SCI, elbow extension can be restored with both tendon and nerve transfers. Elbow extension is necessary for dressing, eating, wheelchair locomotion, pressure relief maneuvers, independent transfers, and reaching objects above shoulder level. Deltoid-to-triceps and biceps-to-triceps tendon transfers have established efficacy and a longer history of use. Transfer of motor branches from the axillary nerve to triceps motor branches is new with no current published prospective studies but shows early promise. This review aims to highlight the amazing potential these procedures can have on the independence and quality of life for people with quadriplegia. Despite the immense benefit possible, fewer than 14% of eligible people with cervical SCI in the United States receive upper limb reconstructive surgery. Surgical timing is critical. A broader understanding and raised awareness of reconstructive options for elbow extension in people with quadriplegia will increase recognition of eligible patients and speed referral time to the appropriate practitioner.
National Benchmarks for the Efficacy of Trigger Finger and the Risk Factors Associated With Failure
Authors: Lewis Jennifer , Seidel Henry , Shi Lewis , Wolf Jennifer , Strelzow Jason
Published: February 2023

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of single and multiple corticosteroid injections used for symptomatic trigger finger. The rates of subsequent injections and the rate of tendon sheath release are reported along with the identification of risk factors correlated with failure of injection.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a national healthcare database was conducted identifying patients with a diagnosis of trigger finger or thumb. Inclusion required a tendon sheath injection on the same day or within six weeks of diagnosis. Patient cohorts were further stratified based on treatment success and those requiring additional injections within 6 months or surgery within 1 year of initial diagnosis.

Results:

Thirty-one thousand seven hundred fifty-one patients met inclusion criteria and underwent an initial injection within the study period. The efficacy of initial, second, and third injection was 66.3%, 79.4%, and 79.6%, respectively. Of the patients who failed an injection, 9.4% had tendon sheath release after a primary injection, 23.1% had surgery after a second injection, and 30.4% had surgery after a third injection. Only obesity (OR 1.2; P < 0.0001) and concomitant diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (OR 1.4; P < 0.0001) were found to be significant for injection failure on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Discussion:

Overall corticosteroid injections were effective in greater than 65% of patients. This information may help guide treatment practice because there seems to be continued additional benefit to repeat corticosteroid injections after injection failure.
Efficacy of Retromandibular Approach in The Management of Mandibular Subcondyle Fractures
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Hussain Fida , Raza Ali , Wahib Asif Zaidi Syed , Ayub Tahera , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Mandibular condylar fracturing are a common outcome of mandibular trauma. Condylar and subcondylar injuries benefit best from the retromandibular technique, which also offers the greatest exposure to the joint and ascending ramus. Objective: To determine the efficacy of the retromandibular approach in treating condylar fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Methods: A total of 25 subjects with age range 14 to 55 years having unilateral mandibular condylar fractures with disturbed occlusion utilizingretromandibular approach were included in the study. Relevant information was gathered and evaluated. Results: The average age of the sufferer was 31.18 ± 8.17 years and mean duration of fracture was 5.32 ± 0.73 days. There were 21(84%) male patients and 04 (16%) female sufferers. RTA was the most common mode of injury seen among patients (60%). The shattered segments' anatomic reduction and fixation were successful. The efficacy was 72% on basis of ease of operation and 96% on fracture stability. Conclusion: This technique is effective in term of ease of operation and fracture stability. Scar acceptability can be considered drawback of this procedure
Effect of Educational Intervention on the Knowledge of Nursing Students Regarding Dengue Fever
Authors: Mian Nasar , Khanum Sabiha , Ali Shah Bakhtiyar , Aurangzeb Muhammad , Anwar Nasir , Sultan Amir , Zeb Akhter , Hussain Shah
Published: February 2023

Dengue (DEN-gee) fever is a tropical disease caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. The virus can cause fever, headaches, rashes, and pain throughout the body. Objective: To determine the effect of educational program regarding dengue fever among 4th year nursing students in Peshawar Pakistan. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Peshawar from October 2020 to March 2021. The study duration was six months. It was one group pre and post study design. The sample was collected through simple random sampling from 4th November 2020 to 4th December 2020. The sample size was 65; while the target population was fourth year nursing students in five different nursing colleges in Peshawar. Data analysis was performed through SPSS version 20. Results: In the pre-test, majority of the participant’s knowledge was average 72.3%, while the remaining participant’s knowledge were poor 27.7% regarding dengue fever. In post-test the level of knowledge of all the participants were good 100%. The mean knowledge score of pre-intervention was 16.98 with the SD of 2.88 whereas; the mean knowledge score of the post-intervention was 27.16 with the SD of 1.13. Similarly, the p-value was found statistically highly significant (p=0.001, t (64) = -27.914, CI 95%). Conclusion: The study concluded that interventional study may help to convey the knowledge from classroom to other nursing students, patients, homes, and friends.
Neuroprotective Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil Supplemented Diet against Sodium Benzoate-induced Acetylcholinesterase Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment: Role of Nrf2/NfKb Signaling Pathway
Authors: Asuku Abraham
Published: February 2023

The effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplemented diet on sodium benzoate (SB) – induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats was investigated. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing 160-180g were divided into four (4) groups: Control which received 1ml of normal saline, SB-treated; received 200 mg/kg b.w, SB + Low Dose VCO-treated (SB + 5% VCO mixed with 95g of rat chow), and SB + High Dose VCO-treated (SB+ 15% VCO mixed with 85g of rat chow). The brain was processed for NRF-2, NF-kB, and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) gene expression levels. Also, the blood sample was processed for assessment of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and IL1B levels. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze data. SB-treated rats with no intervention showed anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory as depicted by a significant (p<0.0001) increase in anxiety index, increase in brain NF-KB, increase in serum IL1B and increase in AchE gene expression level, reduction in the recognition ratio, decreased spontaneous alternation performance, decreased CAT and SOD levels and decreased NRF-2 expression level when compared to other groups (especially control and SB + 5% VCO). VCO supplemented diet (both 5% and 15%) significantly (p<0.0001) increased the CAT and SOD levels, increased the NRF-2 gene expression level, and significantly (p <0.0001) decreased the IL1-B level. Moreover, 5% VCO significantly (p<0.0001) decreased the anxiety index, decreased AchE and NFkB gene expression levels, increased spontaneous alternation performance, and increased recognition ratio compared to 15% VCO. VCO shows a neuroprotective effect in attenuating cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior in SB-induced model by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, and also enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission.

Keywords: Virgin coconut oil; sodium benzoate; acetylcholinesterase; catalase; superoxide dismutase; oxidative stress
Academic Staff Strengths of Postgraduate Training Programs in Pharmacology in the USA Pre- and during Covid-19 Pandemic - A Cue for Capacity Building in Pharmacological and other Programs in Nigerian Universities
Authors: John Theresa , Ekerin Bode
Published: February 2023

Structure and function go hand in hand for program success. For the training of pharmacologists, this is also true. A component of structure is academic staff strength. We wanted to know the total academic staff strength of programs and departments in American universities that run training programs in pharmacology at post graduate level in order to inform development in Nigerian and other African academia. Through departmental and program webpages, we mined data on academic staff of departments running graduate programs leading to PhD Pharmacology in the USA. All the data were mined within 96 hours of starting the investigation in 2016 and again in 2021 and were studied using descriptive statistics. There were a total of 25 such programs listed by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) website. From the descriptive statistics, the programs were not identical and varied in their staff compositions by numbers. A total of 1,993 academic staff members in 2016 and 2,042 academic staff members in 2021 were serving the 25 graduate pharmacology programs collectively.  Notably more than 25% and less than 50% of the three categories of professorial cadre were non-pharmacology PhD holders. From the composite data of 2016 and 2021, mean staff per program were: 23 professors, 13 associate professors, and 15 assistant professors per program with 2 each of adjunct staff in the categories of professor, associate professors, and assistant professor.  Also composite average per program were 5 joint staff, 3 postdoctoral fellows, 4 emeritus professors, and 11 various researchers. A pattern of top heavy majority of professors was derived from both the 2016 and 2021 investigations. Post docs, miscellaneous researchers, joint staff, and emeritus professors formed a dynamic pool. In totality, staffing of the 25 graduate pharmacology programs in the USA in 2016 and in 2021 were top - heavy experience and expert laden with the professorial cadre, diversified, and depicted dynamism during COVID-19 pandemic.
KEY WORDS: academic staff, staff strength, USA universities, Nigerian universities, pharmacology, PhD program.
Association between spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients
Authors: Pushparaj T , S Selvakumar , M Jayabanu , Sathiyaseelan Manikandan
Published: February 2023

The parasympathetic vagus nerve supplies the heart and lung. The Parasympathetic activity modifies the heart rate and force of contraction in the heart and  Airway bronchial smooth muscle constriction and hypersecretion of mucus in the lungs. There is a link between these two components. Hence this study is designed to find the association between Spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients. In this study, 30 asthmatic patients were recruited from the respiratory medicine outpatient department and 30 healthy volunteers were included. Pulmonary function tests and heart rate variability was recorded in the physiology department. The pulmonary function parameters were found significantly reduced in the asthmatic patient and it shows obstructive lung diseases. Heart rate variability parameters were found a statistically significantly decreased mean HR, VLF ms2, and LF ms2 in the asthmatic patients when compared to controls. HF ms2 was found significantly increased in the asthmatic patient. These HF ms2 were increased to represent parasympathetic hyperactivity. This study concluded there is parasympathetic dominance in asthmatic patients. The parasympathetic activity might be one of the reasons for increases the airway bronchoconstriction and hypersecretion of mucus. There is a negative correlation was found between FEV1 value and  HF ms2. A decrease in the FEV1 value leads to an increase in HF ms2.
Isolation and Characterization of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing Bacteria from some Municipal Waste within Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria
Authors: Mallam Umar Baba , Allamin Ibrahim Alkali , Shah Kamlesh R. , Abdullah Rakiya , Misherima Kaumi Ali , Mohammed Mohammed Mustapha
Published: February 2023

The present work was conducted to isolate, screen and identify polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing bacteria from municipal wastes. Samples were collected from dumping sites of Maiduguri Borno State and were checked for their bacterial population using nutrient agar and PHB Detection agar (PDA). A total of 20 PHB-producing bacteria were isolated and identified. Of the total, four of the isolates were found to be from Paenibacillus spp. while the remaining 16 were Bacillus spp. Isolates from Ngomari Custin denoted as NC 5, 2; NC 7, and NC 5A were suspected to be Paenibacillus favisporus, Bacillus lentus, and Bacillus firmus respectively while others of NC 7A X, NC 6A and NC 7A Y of the same site were all found to be Bacillus smithii. Isolates from Old Maiduguri Graveyard denoted as OMG 5X, OMG 7, OMG 6 and OMG 5A were all found to be Bacillus smithii. The isolates from Flour Mill Area denoted as FMA 5A, FMA 6A, FMA Y, and FMA7B were found to be Bacillus smithii, Paenibacillus nanensis, Bacillus acidiceler and Paenibacillus septentrionalis respectively. On the other hand, isolates from Ramat Square site denoted as RS 6,2; RS 6A, RS 5, RS 7,2 were registered as Bacillus nealsonii, Paenibacillus cookie, Bacillus firmus and Bacillus megaterium respectively. Those of RS 5B and RS 7A of the same sample site were both Bacillus acidiceler and their granules were stained by Nile Blue A staining and observed under the fluorescence microscope and were classified for the extent of their PHB production based on the intensity of fluorescence emitted under the microscopy. NC 7 produced the highest PHB yield compared to all other isolates. Hence, municipal wastes are a rich reservoir of PHB-producing bacteria and can readily produce (PHB), which has enormous advantages over petroleum-based polymers by means of cost effectiveness and eco-friendliness
A Two-Level Factorial Design for Screening Factors that Influence the Growth of Bacillus sp. Strain ZEID-14 on Acrylamide
Authors: Rahman Mohd Fadhil Abd , Manogaran Motharasan , Yakasai Hafeez Muhammad , Yasid Nur Adeela , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: February 2023

Acrylamide is often used to strengthen soil structure and usually leachate from this application forms a major source of acrylamide pollution in the environment. The soil matrix means physicochemical methods of removal will be costly if not difficult. Bioremediation using acrylamide-degrading bacteria is an appealing technique. In this investigation, a previously isolated molybdenum-reducing bacterium with the ability to degrade amides was discovered based on critical characteristics contributing to optimal growth on acrylamide utilizing a two-level factorial design. Five independent parameters that influence the growth of the bacterium on acrylamide were evaluated using a two-level factorial design. Among these variables are pH, temperature, incubation period, acrylamide content, and glucose concentration. The two-factor factorial design was successful in identifying significant contributing parameters to the growth of this bacterium on acrylamide, namely acrylamide concentration, pH, and incubation time, which can be further otpimized using RSM in future studies. Using ANOVA, Pareto's chart, perturbation's plot, and other diagnostic plots, the significant contributing factors or parameters were examined. Half-normal, Cook's distance, residual vs runs, leverage versus runs, Box-Cox, DFFITS, and DFBETAS diagnostic plots all supported the two-level factorial result. This work was conducted using acrylamide concentrations well within the known tolerance range of most acrylamide-degrading bacteria. Incubation time is an expected consequence, as longer incubation time permits more growth. The majority of acrylamide-degrading microorganisms thrive under near-neutral circumstances, as indicated by the results of our investigation, which are consistent with previous literature trends.
Entrapment of Mo-reducing Bacterium Increase its Resistance towards Mercury
Authors: Uba Garba , Shukor Mohd Yunus , Yakasai Hafeez Muhammad
Published: February 2023

In ruminants, even trace amounts of molybdenum can be lethal. In areas with high pollution, molybdenum levels in soil and mine tailings can exceed 20,000 ppm. Bioremediation of molybdenum can be challenging when toxic mercury is also present. This research presents a novel approach using dialysis tubing and the molybdenum-reducing activity of Enterobacter sp. strain Dr. Y13 for molybdenum removal from aqueous solutions. Molybdenum blue (Mo-blue), produced during enzymatic reduction, is insoluble in dialysis tubing and this can be a twofold advantage as a method of removal and as a method to protect bacterial cells from heavy metal inhibition, especially mercury. In this experiment, we assess the toxicity-shielding effect of dialysis tubing for molybdenum reduction to Mo-blue by this bacterium in the presence of mercury. As the concentrations of mercury were increased, both free and immobilized cells were strongly inhibited. Modelling using the dissociationone phase exponential decay model gave an IC50 value for the immobilized form of 0.1107 mg/L (95% confidence interval from 0.073 to 0.217 while the IC50 value for the free cell system was 0.023 mg/L (95% C.I. from 0.019 to 0.028). Since the confidence interval for the IC50 values did not overlap, the immobilized system gave better protection from mercury than the free cell system. Toxicity to free cells was higher than toxicity to cells trapped in dialysis tubes, suggesting that trapping Mo-reducing cells may be an effective strategy for bioremediation of water or wastewater contaminated with multiple heavy metals.
Determination of the Limits of Detection for Acetamiprid Based on Gold Nanoparticle Aptasensor: Comparison Between Four-Parameter and Five-Parameter Logistics Equations
Authors: Uba Garba , Yakasai Hafeez Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Acetamiprid is a kind of broad-spectrum systemic pesticide that works on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This chemical disrupts the transmission of a signal and causes a buildup of neurotransmitters, which leads to pests being paralyzed and eventually dying as a result. The calibration curve for the detection of acetamiprid utilizing a gold nanoparticle-based visual aptasensor showed a sigmoidal shape profile; hence, the 5-PL or 4-PL model should be used to fit the data rather than a linear model. The result of the error function analysis shows that the simpler 4-PL model is more reliable having smaller AICc, R2 and adjR2, values whilst the other error functions such as RMSE, BIC and HQF, BF and AF values indicated that the 5-PL model shows that the 5-PL model was marginally superior to the 4-PL. As the 95% confidence interval overlap, the IC50 values were deemed not significantly different, and when this occur, based on Occam’s razor, the model having a lower number of parameters, which was 4-PL, should be chosen instead. The 4-PL equation produced a value for the LOD of 0.159 mM, and the confidence interval for 95 percent of the results ranged from 0.132 to 0.177. According to the first study, the LOD was 3.81 mM, and the calculated LOD using 4-PL model with pooled standard deviations was much more sensitive. This indicates that utilizing only the linear portion of a sigmoidal curve to report the LOD values gave a less sensitive value than it should be.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBEAJARAN BERBASIS CBT (COMPUTER BASED TRAINING) MATERI LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONlKA PROGRAM ATT-V PADA POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SURABAYA
Authors: Santoso Agus Dwi
Published: February 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) telah memberikan pengaruh terhadap dunia pendidikan khususnya dalam proses pernbelajaran. Menurur Rosenberg (2001) dengan berkembangnya penggunaan TIK ada lima pergeseran dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu: (1) dari pelatihan ke penampilan, (2) dari ruang kelas ke di mana dan kapan saja, (3) dari kertas ke"on line" atau saluran, (4) fasilitas fisik ke fasilitas jaringan kerja, (5) dari waktu siklus  ke waktu nyata.

Salah  satu  program  pendidikan  di  Politeknik Pelayaran  Surabaya yaitu jurusan teknika terdapat materi  listrik dan  elektronika dimana proses pembelajarannya disampaikan dengan cara tatap muka dan praktek di laboratorium. Namun untuk saat ini belum ada program pembelajaran mandiri yang nantinya dapat dipergunakan siswa untuk  mengisi waktu  luang dengan  belajar mandiri. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini ditemukan rumusan masalahnya adalah scbagai berikui:  i) Bagaimanakah kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran listrik dan elektronika pokok bahasan dasar kelistrikan yang dikembangkan? 2) Bagaimanakah keterlaksanaan pembelajaran litsrik dan elektronika menggunakan modul pembelajaran berbasis CBT materi dasar kelistrikan dengan siklus belajar 4E pada perwira siswa tingkat V ?

Penelitian ini  adalah  penelitian pengembangan dimana nantinya akan dihasilkan produk berupa modul pembelajaran yang digunakan bersama dengan program pembelajaran. Sehingga diharapkan sistem pembelajaran dengan modul CBT dalam pembelajaran listrik dan elektronika ini merupakan salah satu inovasi pernbelajaran yang sangat mendukung proses  penyampaian berbagai  informasi dari dosen ke siswa dengan menggunakan internet atau jaringan komputer lain. Pembelajaran dengan model CBT mempunyai karakteristik yaitu pertama menuntut siswa harus mandiri tidak bergantung pada pihak lain, aktif mencari, dan memanfaatkan informasi sebagai sumber belajar, dosen bukan  lagi sebagai satu-sarunya sumber belajar, dosen sebagai fasilitator dalam menemukan dan memberikan kesempatan untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang strategi-straregi belajar yang efektif.
PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN DIKLAT DI BP2IP SURABAYA
Authors: Saleh Muh Harliman
Published: February 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan manajemen kehidupan asrama di Balai Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Ilmu Pelayaran Surabaya, yang mencakup masalah yang bertalian dengan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengaktifan, dan pengendalian. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan fokus penelitian adalah  perlengkapan, disiplin, peraturan, hukuman dan hadiah. Setelah dikembangkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengaktifan, serta pengendalian yang dilakukan telah mengalami peningkatan, baik terhadap penyediaan perlengkapan,  disiplin, peraturan, hukuman dan hadiah.
MESIN PEREKAM KECEPATAN KENDARAAN DI JALAN TOL BERBASIS RASPBERRY PI 3
Authors: Handoko Catur Rakhmad , Kurniawan Rizky , Novitrie Nora Amelia , Arfianto Afif Zuhri , Munadhif Ii , Rahmat Mohammad Basuki , Widodo Hendro Agus
Published: February 2023

Pembangunan jalan tol merupakan proyek prioritas infrastruktur dan proyek strategis nasional dalam kurun waktu 2016-2019. Dengan adanya pembangunan jalan tol diharapkan membawa dampak yang positif terhadap perkonomian Indonesia. Sedangkan dampak negatifnya adalah semakin banyak kecelakaan yang diakibatkan oleh pengguna yang melanggar aturan.Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah perangkat yang berguna untuk mendeteksi kecepatan kendaraan pada jalan tol yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan. Penelitian ini membuat prototype mesin perekam kecepatan kendaraan pada jalan tol yang diharapkan nantinya dapat menekan tingkat kecelakaan dan juga memudahkan pihak berwajib untuk mendata dan menindak para pelanggar kecepatan pada jalan tol. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang pengukuran kecepatan objek, sensor yang digunakan,teknologi terkini yang mendukung perangkat yang akat dibuat. Maka pada prototype yang akan dibuat menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things dengan menggunakan web camera dan sensor kecepatan yang dapat berkerja dengan mikrokontroller arduino.Sistem kerja mesin dimulai dengan sensor kecepatan mengirimkan data dengan akurat dari mikrokontroller (arduino) ke Raspberry Pi dengan komunikasi serial. Kemudian dengan pemrograman Phyton 3, Raspberry Pi 3 memerintahkan kamera untuk aktif jika data kecepatan yang diterima melebihi dari nilai batas kecepatan yang telah ditentukan. Dalam pengujian sensor untuk membaca kecepatan diketahui bahwa pada kecepatan 20 Km/jam errornya 1,95 % sedangkan pada kecepatan 40 Km/jam, didapatkan error sebesar 2.8% dan pada kecepatan 60Km/jam nilai rata-rata errornya sebesar 4,08 %.Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata error sensor kecepatan dari tiga macam skenario kecepatan tersebut nilai error masih dibawah 5%. Pada pengujian ini, agar didapatkan gambar objek dengan jelas,objek bergerak dengan kecepatan konstan 4,56 km/jam.
KEBUTUHAN DIKLAT PELAUT III DITINJAU DARI ASPEK TOOL’S DAN ENGINEERING
Authors: Imanto Frenki , Suharso Didik Dwi , Widyaningsih Upik
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan acuan tentang kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana yang seharusnya tersedia dalam proses pembelajaran Diklat Pelaut III Jurusan Teknika ditinjau dari aspek tool’s dan engineering dalambentuk tabel. Tabel tersebut diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman evaluasi bagi penyelenggara Diklat Pelaut III Jurusan Teknika guna memenuhi tuntutan penyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan yang berkualitas sesuai dengan standar, pemecahan permasalahan pemakaian beberapa laboratorium dan simulator di Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya yang cukup rendah dan adanya instansi penyelenggara pendidikan dan pelatihan kepelautan yang fasilitasnya terbatas yang ditandai dengan adanya kegiatan praktek tambahan bagi peserta diklat yang dikelola oleh pihak swasta di instansi diklat yang dikelola oleh pemerintah.Tahapan analisis yang digunakan mengacu pada pendapat Gary (2001) dan kawan-kawan,yaitu perencanaan, pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Pada tahap perencanaan yang dilakukan adalah menentukan: (1) variabel, (2) populasi dan sampel, (3) lokasi penelitian, dan (4) teknik pengumpulan data beserta instrumen yang digunakan. Kemudian pada tahap pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan instrumen yang telah disusun pada tahap perencanaan. Sedangkan pada tahap analisis yang dilakukan adalah (1) memilah data untuk dikelompokkan kedalam data primer dan sekunder, dan (2) menganalisis data dengan pendekatan deskriptif untuk mengolah data guna menghasilkan gambaran fenomena atau keadaan yang ada. Data yang didapatkan dari jenis data primer yang berasal dari: (1) IMO Model Course7.04, dan (2) STCW Code 2010 secara keseluruhan lebih lengkap dibanding dengan data sekunder yang berasal dari: (1) pelaut, dan (2) mantan pelaut, selain itu semua data sekunder sudah tercakup dalam data primer. Berdasarkan kedua jenis data tersebut kebutuhan Diklat Pelaut III berdasarkan aspek tool’s dan engineering terdiri dari sekian banyak unit atau satuan sesuai dengan table “Daftar Kebutuhan Diklat Pelaut III Jurusan Teknika Ditinjau Dari Aspek Tool’s Dan Engineering”, sedangkan dari sekian banyak unit atau satuan tersebut secara garis besar dapat dikelompokkan secara jumlah sebagai berikut: (1) aspek tool’s terdiri dari 15 unit, dan (2) aspek engineering terdiri dari 9 unit. (Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya, 2015)