bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton in a recreational marina of the northwest of Portugal through multi-marker DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Moutinho Jorge , Lavrador Ana S. , Vieira Pedro E. , Costa Filipe O. , Duarte Sofia
Published: June 2022

The monitoring of larvae in plankton samples in recreational marinas, ports, or the close vicinities, may provide key information about non-indigenous species (NIS) introduction status or detect their presence at an earlier stage. DNA metabarcoding is a powerful method to assess biodiversity but its efficiency is dependent on the methodologies employed along the analytical chain, namely the targeted genetic markers. Therefore, we aim to analyze the ability of two genetic markers - the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and the variable region V4 of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal gene (18S) - to assess the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities, including NIS, through DNA metabarcoding, and further to compare it with a compiled list of zooplanktonic species identified via morphology that occur in the Lima Estuary. To this end, we sampled zooplankton communities, spanning three consecutive seasons (spring, autumn, and winter 2020/2021) in three sampling points in the recreational marina of Viana do Castelo, located in the Lima Estuary, North of Portugal. Globally, metabarcoding recovered 157 species belonging to 19 phyla, with a dominance of Annelida, Crustacea, and Mollusca that represent 64.3% of all species. Even though our sampling area poorly represents the Lima Estuary, this approach allowed the detection of 6 NIS, which were not yet reported by traditional methods of identification. The composition of the zooplankton communities recovered was greatly affected by the markers employed, and to a lesser extent by the season. Overall 18S detected more species and fewer species were recovered in winter. NIS were predominantly detected during spring and autumn, but only 5.1% of all species were detected in all seasons. This study shows the DNA metabarcoding efficiency in assessing the dynamics of zooplankton communities and highlights the interest in using a multi-marker and seasonal approach to species detection, particularly to target NIS.
Rise and fall: Results of a multidisciplinary study and 5-year long monitoring of conservation translocation of the European ground squirrel
Authors: Kachamakova Maria , Koshev Yordan , Rammou Dimitra-Lida , Spasov Svetoslav
Published: June 2022

The current publication gives a detailed assessment of the results from a population reinforcement of a European ground squirrel's (Spermophilus citellus) colony in south-eastern Bulgaria. The reinforcement was planned and implemented along with multidisciplinary research of the adaptation process (including radiotelemetry, parasitological study and assessment of the stress in the animals) and regular monitoring (yearly burrow counting). Although the donor and recipient populations were genetically similar, morphometrical data indicated variations in the body size probably due to the difference in population densities in the two sites. The monitoring revealed that the burrows were aggregated and there was a positive correlation in the spatial distribution of the ground squirrels’ burrow holes and the colonies of Harting's vole (Microtus hartingi) - another social ground-digging rodent that co-inhabits the study area. The first results showed successful reinforcement according to the three classical evaluation criteria: the individuals survived the translocation process, they successfully reproduced and an initial population growth was observed, based on the burrow entrances’ count - from 36 in 2017 to 280 in 2020. In 2021, however, a considerable decline in the abundance of the population was recorded - 58.5% decline in the burrow number and 36% decline in the colony area. A decrease was also observed in the abundance of the Harting's voles' colonies. A review of all the collected information suggests it is unlikely that the decrease is due to helminth parasites, translocation stress or other behaviour issues. The most probable explanation is the bad weather conditions - unusually high rainfalls combined with relatively high temperatures in January 2021. In conclusion, we strongly emphasise the need for detailed and long-term monitoring after conservation translocation and careful evaluation of all the influencing factors before, during and after such actions.
DASCO: A workflow to downscale alien species checklists using occurrence records and to re-allocate species distributions across realms
Authors: Seebens Hanno , Kaplan Ekin
Published: June 2022

Information about occurrences of alien species is often provided in so-called checklists, which represents lists of reported alien species in a region. In many cases, available checklists cover whole countries, which is too coarse for many analyses and limits capabilities of assessing status and trends of biological invasions. Information about point-wise occurrences is available in large quantities at online facilities such as GBIF and OBIS, which, however, do not provide information about the invasion status of individual populations. To close this gap, we here provide a semi-automated workflow called DASCO to downscale regional checklists using occurrence records obtained from GBIF and OBIS. Within the workflow, coordinate-based occurrence records for species listed in the provided regional checklists are obtained from GBIF and OBIS, and the status of being an alien population is assigned using the information in the provided checklists. In this way, information in checklists is made available at the local scale, which can then be re-allocated to any other spatial categorisation as provided by the user. In addition, habitats of species are determined to distinguish between marine, brackish, terrestrial, and freshwater species, which allows splitting the provided checklists to the respective realms and ecoregions. By using checklists of global databases, we showcase the usage of the DASCO workflow and revealed > 35 million occurrence records of alien populations in terrestrial and marine regions worldwide, which were back-transformed to terrestrial and marine regions for comparison. DASCO has the potential to be used as a basis for the widely applied species distribution models or assessments of status and trends of biological invasions at large geographic scales. The workflow is implemented in R and in full compliance with the FAIR data principles of open science.
Redescription of Apocorophium acutum (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Corophiidae) with material from type locality and key of world Apocorophium species
Authors: Gouillieux Benoit , Blanchet Hugues , Gonzalez Patrice
Published: June 2022

Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908), the type species of the genus, was originally but only partially described by Chevreux with female specimens from Bônes (Algeria); male specimens were later described from Brittany (France). Since then, the species has been recorded in different places of the world, some of them questionable. Herein, the species is entirely redescribed with material from the type locality and Brittany, and additional material from Arcachon Bay is studied to provide biological data. The known geographical distribution of this species is summarized, and a world identification key of Apocorophium species is also given.
Procès financiers et rapport à la règle des élites
Authors: Angeletti Thomas
Published: June 2022

À partir de l'observation d'audiences de procès financiers tenus au cours des dernières années, cet article montre combien les élites entretiennent un rapport à la règle spécifique, justifiant son contournement tout en défendant sa légitimité. La perspective offerte par l'ethnographie de procès permet d'approcher au plus près les justifications et explications que les acteurs donnent de leurs pratiques quand une autorité extérieure intervient. Mais un tel rapport à la règle ne se donne pas seulement à voir lors des procès et traverse toute la chaîne de la justice pénale financière.
Paradis fiscaux et barrières juridiques
Authors: Vernier Éric
Published: June 2022

Les paradis fiscaux demeurent un problème central pour l'équilibre budgétaire des nations et une aubaine précieuse pour le secteur financier mondial. Un survol historique suffit à convaincre que, depuis qu'il existe des taxes, il existe des moyens et des lieux pour les éviter. La définition des paradis fiscaux constitue cependant un exercice difficile et les institutions financières internationales ne s'accordent pas sur la liste des États non coopératifs. La différence d'approche s'explique essentiellement par des considérations politiques et géostratégiques. Il s'agit au fond, au nom de motivations douteuses, de préserver à la fois ceux qui prétendent dresser ces listes infamantes et les susceptibilités des États que l'on voudrait y faire paraître.
Il faut une société civile vigilante et des institutions mieux armées
Authors: Les Cahiers de la Justice  , Alt Éric
Published: June 2022

Dans « Résister à la corruption » (Gallimard, coll. « Tracts », n o  36, 2022), Éric Alt et Élise Van Beneden s'inquiètent d'une situation dégradée, malgré les avancées juridiques des vingt dernières années. Dans cet entretien, Éric Alt revient sur certains points esquissés dans cet ouvrage : rôle du Parquet national financier ou initiatives de la société civile comme le regroupement international de journalistes qui ont permis des avancées majeures. Si le rôle des lanceurs d'alerte et celui des associations de lutte contre la corruption sont aujourd'hui pleinement reconnus, le volet prévention reste à repenser.
L'État démocratique menacé par la corruption
Authors: Dumouchel Paul
Published: June 2022

Il est difficile de définir la corruption par un ensemble d'actions spécifiques et dans l'intention de frauder. Elle s'inscrit dans une relation concernant toujours au moins trois acteurs (principal auteur, mandataire et victime) et, au sein des démocraties, offre deux acceptions. D'abord, la corruption comme détournement de l'autorité publique à des fins privées, ensuite la corruption au sens moral, et quasi biologique, d'un mal qui entraîne la dégénérescence, la décomposition progressive d'un organisme à l'origine sain. Elle est donc à la fois un crime et une maladie du corps politique, une maladie contagieuse du politique. Si la corruption prend place dans le rapport triadique entre l'État, ses mandataires et le public, la question de savoir quels actes constituent de la corruption et quels actes sont perçus comme telle dépend de la forme de l'État. Si depuis peu nous sommes devenus beaucoup plus rigoureux envers les différentes formes de corruption, c'est parce que la forme de nos États et même le principe de leur légitimité a changé. Or, la forme de l'État dans les démocraties libérales serait en cours de transformation depuis 1990, passant de l'État-nation à l'État-marché. Il n'y a vraisemblablement pas moins de corruption dans l'État-marché que dans l'État-nation, mais elle se présente autrement. Ce qui est réprouvé, ce n'est plus le manquement aux intérêts de l'État, mais le scandale que constitue le passe-droit.
Vers un dialogue restauratif entre victimes et auteurs d'actes de terrorisme
Authors: Soulou Katerina
Published: June 2022

Un dialogue restauratif entre victimes et auteurs d'actes de terrorisme n'est pas une panacée mais est susceptible de restaurer la capacité éthique des êtres humains, de conduire à leur transformation personnelle et relationnelle. Cette démarche offre une opportunité de « démasquer », de « voir » des êtres humains derrière des actes terroristes pour éviter que les victimes demeurent « chosifiées », les auteurs « diabolisés » et la société civile « insécurisée ». Mais est-ce le moment d'envisager en France une telle démarche moins strictement pénale que communicationnelle ?
Le coaching, un remède au mal-être du magistrat
Authors: Lugbull Marie-Paule
Published: June 2022

Depuis quelques années, la pratique du coaching se développe dans la fonction publique et plus particulièrement dans le monde de la justice. Il s'agit d'une relation d'entraide assez inédite dans l'exercice du métier de magistrat peu habitué à manifester ses émotions et à qui on demande le plus souvent de « serrer les dents » face aux difficultés. Défini par un accompagnement encadré par une déontologie spécifique, le coaching vise l'amélioration des conditions de travail et la prévention des risques psychosociaux. À l'appui de quelques témoignages, cet article en analyse le fonctionnement et les pratiques existantes chez les magistrats.
Multiplicity of periodic solutions for second-order perturbed Hamiltonian systems with local superquadratic conditions
Authors: Liu Yan , Guo Fei
Published: June 2022

Consider the following second-order perturbed Hamiltonian systems

   \begin{document}$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\ddot{u}(t)+\nabla_u F(t,u)=\nabla_{u}G(t,u),\quad t\in{\bf{R}},} \\ {u(0)-u(T)=\dot{u}(0)-\dot{u}(T)=\bf0,\quad T>0,}\end{array}\right. $\end{document}

where \begin{document}$ F(t,u)=-K(t,u)+W(t,u) $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ K $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ W $\end{document} are measurable and \begin{document}$ T- $\end{document}periodic in \begin{document}$ t $\end{document} for all \begin{document}$ u\in\bf{R}^N $\end{document}, continuously differentiable in \begin{document}$ u $\end{document} for a.e. \begin{document}$ t\in[0,T] $\end{document} and even in \begin{document}$ u $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ G\in C^1\left(\bf{R}\times\bf{R}^N,\bf{R}\right) $\end{document} is also \begin{document}$ T- $\end{document}periodic in \begin{document}$ t $\end{document}, but \begin{document}$ G $\end{document} maybe has no parity in \begin{document}$ u $\end{document}. Assume that \begin{document}$ W $\end{document} is local superquadratic and \begin{document}$ G $\end{document} is subquadratic at the infinity and \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} satisfies "pinched" condition, the existence of infinitely many weak periodic solutions for above perturbed systems is obtained via the Bolle's perturbation method, which generalizes and improves some previous results.
Classification of nonnegative traveling wave solutions for the 1D degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Ichida Yu
Published: June 2022

Traveling wave solutions for the one-dimensional degenerate parabolic equations are considered. The purpose of this paper is to classify the nonnegative traveling wave solutions including sense of weak solutions of these equations and to present their existence, information about their shape and asymptotic behavior. These are studied by applying the framework that combines Poincaré compactification and classical dynamical systems theory. We also aim to use these results to generalize the results of our previous studies. The key to this is the introduction of a transformation, which overcomes the generalization difficulties faced by these studies.
Blowup for regular solutions and $ C^{1} $ solutions of the two-phase model in $ \mathbb{R}^{N} $ with a free boundary
Authors: Wang Jingjie , Wen Xiaoyong , Yuen Manwai
Published: June 2022

In this paper, under the assumption of an initial bounded region $ \Omega(0) $, we establish the blowup phenomenon of the regular solutions and $ C^{1} $ solutions to the two-phase model in $ \mathbb{R}^{N} $. If the total energy $ E $ and the total mass $ M > 0 $ satisfy

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation} \nonumber \max\limits_{\vec{x_{0}}\in\partial\Omega(0)}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N}u_{i}^{2}(0,\vec{x_{0}})<\frac{\min\{2,N(\Gamma-1),N(\gamma-1)\}E}{M}, \end{equation} $\end{document}

where $ E = \int_{\Omega(0)}\left(\frac{1}{2}n\left\vert \vec{u}\right\vert ^{2} +\frac{1}{2}\rho\left\vert \vec{u}\right\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{\Gamma-1}n^{\Gamma}+\frac{1}{\gamma-1}\rho^{\gamma}\right) dV $ and $ M = {\int_{\Omega(0)}} (n+\rho) dV > 0 $, then the blowup of the solutions to the two-phase model will be formed in finite time in $ \mathbb{R}^{N} $. Furthermore, under the assumptions that the radially symmetric initial data and initial density contain vacuum states, the blowup of the smooth solutions to the two-phase model will be formed in finite time in $ \mathbb{R}^{N} (N \geq2) $.
The Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary and radial symmetry in $ {\mathbb R}^3 $
Authors: Du Yihong , Ni Wenjie
Published: June 2022

This paper is concerned with the radially symmetric Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary in dimension 3. For arbitrary dimension $ N\geq 2 $, in [18], we have shown that its long-time dynamics is characterised by a spreading-vanishing dichotomy; moreover, we have found a threshold condition on the kernel function that governs the onset of accelerated spreading, and determined the spreading speed when it is finite. In a more recent work [19], we have obtained sharp estimates of the spreading rate when the kernel function $ J(|x|) $ behaves like $ |x|^{-\beta} $ as $ |x|\to\infty $ in $ {\mathbb R}^N $ ($ N\geq 2 $). In this paper, we obtain more accurate estimates for the spreading rate when $ N = 3 $, which employs the fact that the formulas relating the involved kernel functions in the proofs of [19] become particularly simple in dimension $ 3 $.
Uniform stability of the Cucker–Smale and thermodynamic Cucker–Smale ensembles with singular kernels
Authors: Ahn Hyunjin
Published: June 2022

This paper presents several sufficient frameworks for a collision avoidance and flocking dynamics of the Cucker–Smale (CS) model and thermodynamic CS (TCS) model with arbitrary dimensions and singular interaction kernels. In general, unlike regular kernels, singular kernels usually interfere with the global well-posedness of the targeted models from the perspective of the standard Cauchy–Lipschitz theory due to the possibility of a finite-in-time blow-up. Therefore, according to the intensity of the singularity of a kernel (strong or weak), we provide a detailed framework for the global well-posedness and emergent dynamics for each case. Finally, we provide an admissible set in terms of system parameters and initial data for the uniform stability of the \begin{document}$ d $\end{document}-dimensional TCS with a singular kernel, which can be reduced to a sufficient framework for the uniform stability of the \begin{document}$ d $\end{document}-dimensional CS with singular kernel if all agents have the same initial temperature.
Study on Failure Characteristics of Typical Rivet Connections of C/SiC Composites
Authors: Tan Zhi Yong , Wang Jie Bing , Meng Fan Fu , Xu Cong
Published: June 2022

The technologic characteristics of typical C/SiC rivet connecting unit by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) is discussed. It is pointed out that many mechanical limitations caused by connection are the important reasons for the huge gap between the development of C/SiC composite material and the actual thermal structure application. The current situation of preparation and mechanical properties of typical rivet joints on C/SiC composites is summarized. The rational dimension of rivet is given through the test of typical rivet units. Finally, the idea of follow-up research on C/SiC connection by combining analysis with experimental verification is put forward.
Surface Improvements on Silver Streak Marks of Injection Molded Moisture Plastics Using Gas Counter Pressure and Plasticizing Optimization
Authors: Chen Shia Chung , Su Han , Hsu Tzu Jeng , Feng Ching Te , Shen En Nien , Chang Che Wei
Published: June 2022

Plastic pellets contain a certain percentage of moisture. During injection molding, the moisture appears as silver streaks on the molded part surface. Therefore, drying operation before molding is an indispensable requirement. This is not only time-consuming but also requires additional energy consumption and cost. This study investigates whether silver streak can be minimized and improved by using gas counter pressure (GCP) to restrict the fountain flow effect in the melt filling process. Effect of GCP values on the silver-streak appearance and the associated surface gross were investigated. The higher the GCP pressure used, the less the silver streaks appeared. When the used GCP pressure reached 50 bar, the silver streaks were no longer seen on the surface, regardless of the moisture content. Moreover, a new monitoring method based on the integral value of the pressure was also built up to assist in plasticizing parameter optimization. Molded parts with a pressure integral value higher than a critical value were no longer troubled by sliver streaks from moisture. This can be a useful way to optimize process parameters when molding moisture contained plastic material.
Application of Transfer Learning for Detecting Fiber Orientations in Images of Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Zhou Hans Aoyang , Brillowski Florian , Greb Christoph , Lütticke Daniel
Published: June 2022

Fiber reinforced plastics are an essential material for lightweight products. However, their superior mechanical properties compared to traditional materials are only guaranteed, if necessary quality requirements are met (e.g. fiber orientation). One promising approach for detecting quality deviations in image-based monitoring data is to use deep learning models. Nevertheless, these models need vast amounts of labeled training data, which is either not available or expensive to attain. To train deep learning models more data efficiently, a common and intuitive transfer learning approach is applied to detect fiber orientations for two different fiber reinforced plastics. By comparing the similarity between different domains of public datasets with the domain of the materials of this work, the range of optimal hyperparameters were estimated for the transfer learning task at hand. Through a grid search within the estimated hyperparameter range, the best-performing models were identified, showing that models transferred from similar domains do not only result in better performance but are also more robust against data scarcity. Finally, the results show that transfer learning holds the potential to accelerate the usage of deep learning for quality assurance tasks in textile-based manufacturing.
Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al0.5TiNbX0.5 High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Ren Peilin , Nong Zhi Sheng , Li Zhuang , Wang Ji Jie , Zhang Li
Published: June 2022

In order to explore the influence of V, Mo and Zr elements on Al0.5TiNb-based refractory high-entropy alloys. Three alloys Al0.5TiNbV0.5, Al0.5TiNbZr0.5 and Al0.5TiNbMo0.5 were used as experimental materials in this paper. The phase structures, microstructures and mechanical properties of the three designed alloys were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction, optical Olympus metallographic microscope and mechanical performance testing. The results show that the three designed alloys are composed of BCC phase solid solution. There was no formation of intermetallic compounds. The yield strength of Al0.5TiNbZr0.5 and the compressive plastic strain of Al0.5TiNbV0.5 reached the maximum value of 1340 MPa and 7.86%, respectively. This might be attributed to four effects of high-entropy alloys and the strengthening effect of dendrites. The dendrite content of Al0.5TiNbZr0.5, Al0.5TiNbMo0.5 and Al0.5TiNbV0.5 decreases successively. There are coarse grain boundaries in the microstructure of Al0.5TiNbV0.5, which contribute to improvement of compressive plasticity.
Effect of Concentration of Electrolyte Solution on the Electrochemical Stability of Ionogel
Authors: Wei Suen Ji , Elumalai Naveen Kumar , Debnath Sujan , Ing Lim Chye , Reddy Moola Mohan , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Pramanik Alokesh
Published: June 2022

Ionogel is an emerging hybrid material where the ionic liquid is immobilized within polymer matrix. Interesting combination of properties has permitted wide applications of ionogel. In this study, a well-known method, sol-gel is used to synthesize ionogel. However, it is intended to identify the optimum concentration of ionic liquid within ionogel which endows the ionogel with the best electrochemical performance. By varying the concentration of ionic liquid, the appearance of ionogel is compared. FTIR is performed to understand the structural changes that occur in ionogel. Linear Sweep Voltammetry is performed to study the electrochemical stability of ionogel.
Effect of Initiator and Accelerator Amounts on Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Authors: Pimpan Vimolvan , Ruangput Kulratchanan , Saenkhot Suchakhree
Published: June 2022

This research focused on the effect of initiator and accelerator amounts on mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (CoO) were used as an initiator and an accelerator, respectively. The amount of each chemical was varied from 1, 1.5 to 2 phr. In each batch, UPR, MEKP and CoO were mixed, casted and allowed for curing at room temperature for 24 hours. Mechanical properties of the cured samples were then studied. The results indicated that the effects of MEKP and CoO amounts on flexural properties and impact resistance were greater than those on hardness. It was found that UPR samples prepared by using the same ratio of MEKP and CoO exhibited overall mechanical properties better that those prepared with different MEKP and CoO ratios. When all mechanical properties were considered, the results suggested that the best overall mechanical properties were achieved when MEKP 1.5 phr and CoO 1.5 phr were employed.
Trend Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting of Goat and Sheep Populations and their Meat Production in Sri Lanka using Single and Double Exponential Smoothing Models
Authors: Anuththara G.L.I. , Weerathilake W.A.D.V.
Published: June 2022

Trend analysis and forecasting have become important tools in different fields. The small ruminants sub-sector is an important part of animal production in Asia as well as in Sri Lanka. The present study was conducted to identify the best trend and the time series model to forecast the goat and sheep population and their meat production in Sri Lanka. The findings of the study were based on the goat population and sheep population data during the years from 1960 to 2018 and mutton production and numbers of slaughtered goats and sheep during the years 1991 to 2017. Data were analyzed and the best model was selected according to the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Single Exponential Smoothing and Double Exponential Smoothing models were used to perform the short term forecasting. Among the Exponential models, the Single Exponential model was fitted only for the sheep population while the Double Exponential model was fitted for the goat population, mutton production and numbers of slaughtered goats and sheep. Sheep population, mutton production and numbers of slaughtered goat and sheep animals showed a decreasing trend while goat population showed a decreasing trend after the year 1978.
Presidential Address
Authors: Marwale Arun
Published: June 2022

Background:

Mass casualties are frequent occurrences in low income societies where multiple factors result in premature deaths. The pathologist has a crucial role in the effective management of the corpses of victims of mass casualties. This role must be attended to with the engagement of the minimum standards of forensic medicine that would allow revisits to the cases without losing vital records.

Aims and Objectives:

The study reviewed the autopsies conducted on mass casualties at OAUTHC, Ile-Ife; for the most vulnerable gender, methods of preservation, pattern of injuries, circumstances of death, mechanisms of death, cause of death, challenges encountered in the management of the corpses, and results of toxicology studies.

Materials and Methods:

There was a review of the reports of autopsies conducted on mass casualties by anatomical pathologists at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife and their jurisdiction of practice over a period of January 2010 - December 2017.

Results:

A total of 52 cases were analyzed, all homicidal deaths consisting of 46 cases of deaths due to communal crisis and 6 cases of poison related deaths. The homicidal deaths resulted from blunt force to the head in 32 cases, sharp force in 9 cases, severe burns in 3 cases and strangulation in 2 cases. Most of the deaths was due to raised intracranial pressure complicating severe head injury. The cases of suspected poisoning at autopsy showed severe anatomic and pathological changes which were the basis of pathophysiological basis of death but toxicology was unhelpful in the detecting the poison, perhaps due to preservation technique.

Conclusions:

The role of the forensic pathology is pivotal in the management of deaths in mass casualties. Forensic pathology practitioners in resource limited must at least keep to minimum standards to ensure basic documentation are not compromised.
A case of schizophrenia-like psychosis due to Fahr's disease
Authors: Vimalanathane Mayura , Abhilasha Pallavi , Prasad Amritha
Published: June 2022

Fahr's disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder, characterized by bilateral symmetrical cerebral calcification and presents with different manifestations. We present the case of a 42-year-old male who presented with psychotic feature, mannerisms, and bilateral symmetrical calcification of basal ganglia. Hence, our case suggests that psychiatrists should evaluate the cases of psychosis thoroughly when the age of presentation is atypical and they should rule out organicity. Neuroimaging may help arrive at the correct diagnosis in patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms.
Electrocardiography in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Karsini P , Niruby R , Sharma Nidhi
Published: June 2022

Aim:

The primary objective was to study the electrocardiogram (ECG) findings of normal pregnant women in their third trimester. The secondary objective was to compare the ECG findings of pregnant women in their third trimester with the ECG findings during the postpartum period.

Materials and Methods:

An Electrocardiography recording was done for 60 pregnant women during their third trimester and on postpartum day 7.

Results:

The common ECG findings during pregnancy found in our study were sinus tachycardia, and conspicuous Q wave (LV dilation) and an inverted P wave (nonspecific) in lead II. We also found left axis deviation of a mean of 15° (QRS axis) when compared with the QRS axis of the same patient postpartum (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

There are physiological changes in an ECG during pregnancy. A routine antenatal ECG is safe, feasible, economic, and possibly advantageous to lower maternal mortality and morbidity. The ECG findings must be interpreted carefully during pregnancy.
Evaluation of Hand Hygiene Practices among Patients Visiting Dental College of Purvanchal Region – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khairnar Mahesh Ravindra , Srivastava Vinay Kumar , Kusumakar Ananta , Srivastava Adit , Agrawal Rahul , Chandra Akhilesh , Naveen Kumar P. G. , Akram Zainab
Published: June 2022

Background:

Effective hand hygiene is one of the most cost-efficient means of preventing infectious diseases in the community. Studies conducted to assess the hand hygiene practices of the general population in India are relatively limited. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess hand hygiene practices among the participants visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of a dental institute in the Purvanchal region in India.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 880 participants visiting the OPD of a dental college in the Purvanchal region. The data were collected using a pretested questionnaire focusing on the hand hygiene practices of the participants. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and the level of significance was set at 5%.

Results:

Results showed that 98.5% of the respondents used soap/antiseptic liquid soap or hand sanitizer. The frequency of handwashing increased with the improvement in socioeconomic status, with almost 70% of upper-class participants washing their hands daily 5–6 times or more (P = 0.001). A significant association was seen between education and extension of handwashing (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Majority of the population were using soap and water for handwashing which shows that people are aware that proper hand hygiene is necessary to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19. However, more work is needed to educate people from lower socioeconomic status about good hand hygiene practices.
Diallel analysis among new yellow maize inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits
Authors: Aboyousef H.A. , Abu Shosha A.M. , El-Shahed H.M. , Darwich M.M.B.
Published: June 2022

Yellow maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important sources of animal feed in Egypt. The national maize programmes uses conventional crop breeding methodology, which depends on the development inbred lines of maize from open pollinated varieties or other heterogeneous sources. The objective of this study was to assess the general and specific combining ability for nine yellow maize inbred lines and their crosses for grain yield and other morphological traits, under Egyptian conditions. Nine new yellow maize inbred lines, derived from different yellow maize sources, were crossed in a half diallel mating scheme in 2020 summer season, at Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station Gharbia Governorate in Egypt. The resulting 36 crosses, along with two commercial check hybrids (SC 168 and Pioneer SC 3444), were evaluated at three locations, i.e. Gemmeiza, Mallawy and Sids Agricultural Research Stations of the Agricultural Research Center (ARC), in 2021 summer season in Egypt. Overall, the additive gene effects played a major role in the inheritance of days to 50% silking, plant and ear heights; while the non-additive gene effects were mostly responsible for controlling the inheritance of grain yield. The parental inbred lines (P1 and P2) possessed significant (P<0.05) negative estimates of GCA effects for days to 50% silking towards earliness. The best general combiners were inbred lines P2 and P6 for plant and ear height, and these inbred lines would be good combiners for breeding to short hybrids and low ear placement. Crosses (P1xP9 and P3xP4) had desirable SCA effects and significantly out-yielded the two checks.
Plant parasitic nematodes and disease severity of common bean lines evaluated for reaction to root knot nematodes infestation
Authors: Adomako J. , Yeboah S. , Asamoah J.F. , Amankwaa-Yeboah P. , Adjei E.A. , Obeng E.A. , Sakyiamsah B. , Lamptey M. , Butare L. , Asibuo J.Y.
Published: June 2022

Plant parasitic nematodes are important pests in crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of nematodes associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and evaluate breeding lines for their reaction to Meloidogyne spp. in Ghana. Common bean rhizosphere soil was sampled and processed using Modified Baermann Tray method. Five nematode genera, namely Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Helicotylenchus and Trichodorus were extracted. The first four genera listed above were prevalent across locations, with Trichodorus present in 30% of the fields sampled. The highest nematode population density of 319 juveniles per 200 cubic centimeter of soil was recorded for Meloidogyne spp. compared to 45 juveniles per 200 cubic centimeter, for Trichodorus. Twelve breeding lines were evaluated by inoculating roots of two-weeks-old plants with 2000 infective-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne sp. Reactions of test lines to Meldogyne sp. infection were assessed by determining the number of egg masses and galling index (GI) on roots. Reproduction index (RI) was used to classify test lines as resistant or susceptible. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the number of eggs, GI and RI among lines tested. No resistant line was identified; however, lines SEF 47, BFS 35 and BFS 60 were moderately resistant, with RI of 13.1, 17.4 and 23.7%, respectively. Line SEF 60, although classified as slightly resistant, recorded a 100 seed weight of 26.0 g, which was 60% higher than line SEF 53 with seed weight of 16.2 g. Moderately resistant common bean lines identified could be used in common bean improvement programmes to develop elite cultivars tolerant to root knot nematodes.
Cassava mosaic disease incidence and severity and whitefly vector distribution in Gabon
Authors: Mouketou A. , Koumba A.A. , Gnacadja C. , Zinga-Koumba C.R. , Abessolo Meye C. , Ovono A.P.M. , Sevidzem S.L. , Mintsa R. , Lepengué A.N. , Mavoungou J.F.
Published: June 2022

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a major constraint to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the epidemiology of CMD in cassava production systems in Gabon. An epidemiological survey was conducted throughout Gabon from October 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate the epidemiology of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in cassava farms. A phytosanitary diagnosis was conducted at each farm, using the harmonised and unified WAVE protocol to assess the incidence and severity of CMD and the abundance of its whitefly vector. All data collected were recorded using WAVE’s mobile application and uploaded into the WAVE Cube data system. The results showed that CMD was present in all farms surveyed (n = 227; 100%), but with a variable incidence rate. At national level, the incidence of CMD was high, with an average of 64.29%. However, incidence differed among regions with 82.22 and 79.20% for Ogooue-Maritime and Nyanga; respectively, but only 40.42% for Estuaire. Woleu-Ntem had the highest mean severity (3.47) and Ogooue-Maritime the lowest (2.64). Overall, incidence and severity differed significantly among regions (P< 0.05). The average abundance was 2.58 whiteflies per plant (w/p), varying between 1.06 (Nyanga) and 5.25 w/p (Estuaire). The use of infected cuttings was the main mode of CMD spread (62.67%). These results highlight the need to identify the viruses responsible for the observed cases of CMD, to sanitise cultivated plant material, and to implement a CMD control strategy in Gabon.
Significance of sweet sorghum as a multi-purpose crop for sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dube F. , Maphosa M.
Published: June 2022

There is great interest in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) for promoting resilience in rural livelihoods in Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Unlike other crops, sweet sorghum is a multi-purpose crop for grain, feed, fodder, chewing, syrup and biofuel production. The objective of this paper is to analyse information on the diversity within the crop, its adaptation and plant breeding efforts in SSA. We also discuss opportunities that exist in SSA that make the crop an attractive alternative. It is clear from the review that the crop has a wide genetic base, hence significant improvements can be made on a number of preferred traits. The review further outlines four possible production models for the economic development of the sweet sorghum industry in Sub-Saharan Africa; which are (i) production for supply to urban chewing markets, (ii) syrup production, (iii) biofuel production and (iv) fodder production. Although current research focuses on production of ethanol for biofuel, other potential uses such as production for chewing, syrup and fodder cannot be overlooked for most SSA farmers. A lot has to be done on the research front before biofuel production from sweet sorghum can be profitable and technically feasible. Future plant breeding efforts can be tailor made to deliver cultivars with peculiar traits for various end-uses.
Trakhtenbrot's Theorem in Coq: Finite Model Theory through the Constructive Lens
Authors: Kirst Dominik , Larchey-Wendling Dominique
Published: June 2022

We study finite first-order satisfiability (FSAT) in the constructive setting
of dependent type theory. Employing synthetic accounts of enumerability and
decidability, we give a full classification of FSAT depending on the
first-order signature of non-logical symbols. On the one hand, our development
focuses on Trakhtenbrot's theorem, stating that FSAT is undecidable as soon as
the signature contains an at least binary relation symbol. Our proof proceeds
by a many-one reduction chain starting from the Post correspondence problem. On
the other hand, we establish the decidability of FSAT for monadic first-order
logic, i.e. where the signature only contains at most unary function and
relation symbols, as well as the enumerability of FSAT for arbitrary enumerable
signatures. To showcase an application of Trakhtenbrot's theorem, we continue
our reduction chain with a many-one reduction from FSAT to separation logic.
All our results are mechanised in the framework of a growing Coq library of
synthetic undecidability proofs.
Modular Termination for Second-Order Computation Rules and Application to Algebraic Effect Handlers
Authors: Hamana Makoto
Published: June 2022

We present a new modular proof method of termination for second-order
computation, and report its implementation SOL. The proof method is useful for
proving termination of higher-order foundational calculi. To establish the
method, we use a variation of semantic labelling translation and Blanqui's
General Schema: a syntactic criterion of strong normalisation. As an
application, we apply this method to show termination of a variant of
call-by-push-value calculus with algebraic effects and effect handlers. We also
show that our tool SOL is effective to solve higher-order termination problems.
The Theory of Traces for Systems with Nondeterminism, Probability, and Termination
Authors: Bonchi Filippo , Sokolova Ana , Vignudelli Valeria
Published: June 2022

This paper studies trace-based equivalences for systems combining
nondeterministic and probabilistic choices. We show how trace semantics for
such processes can be recovered by instantiating a coalgebraic construction
known as the generalised powerset construction. We characterise and compare the
resulting semantics to known definitions of trace equivalences appearing in the
literature. Most of our results are based on the exciting interplay between
monads and their presentations via algebraic theories.
CT STUDY OF PRODUCTS FROM NON-METALLIC COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CARBON FIBERS
Authors: Levenets V.V. , Gurin I.V. , Ovchinnikova M.A. , Gurina Ye.V.
Published: June 2022

Computerized tomography is used to study products from non-metallic composites reinforced by carbon fibers. It is demonstrated that samples do not rotate during the analysis process and can have diameter not exceeding the gantry hole (75 cm) of the unit. The weight of samples can be up to 200 kg, and the length during one-time testing does not exceed 150 cm. The results of spatial calibration of the technology are shown using a set of copper wires with diameters from 0.56 to 0.05 mm. The paper presents the results of defects detecting in products in the form of gas pores and metal inclusions.
THE COMPTON NEUTRON HAFNIUM DETECTOR: ELECTRIC CHARGE GENERATION RATE
Authors: Azhazha R. , Bogdan E. , Gann V. , Kovtun K. , Kutny V. , Pudov O. , Rybka A. , Soldatov S. , Ulybkin A.
Published: June 2022

The properties of a Compton neutron detector with the emitter of metallic Hf were studying in this work. Using the previously calculated the emitter material nuclide composition during reactor irradiation, the dependence of the emitter signal value on the irradiation time was obtained with a step of 1 year for 5 years. It is shown that the composition modification due to nuclear transmutations changes the rate of an electric charge generation in the emitter.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN, NĂNG SUẤT VÀ MỘT SỐ HỢP CHẤT THIÊN NHIÊN CÓ TRONG CÂY DIỆP HẠ CHÂU TRÊN HAI LOẠI ĐẤT TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Đức Nguyễn Văn , Cường Phan Văn , Thông Châu Võ Trung , Lâm Phan Thị , Thuận Phan Thị Duy
Published: June 2022

Diệp hạ châu (Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn) còn gọi là cây chó đẻ thân xanh, diệp hạ châu đắng. Nghiên cứu thực hiện để đánh giá sự sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và sự hiện diện một số hợp chất hữu cơ thiên nhiên được chiết xuất từ cây diệp hạ châu được trồng ở 2 vùng có điều kiện thổ nhưỡng khác nhau. Kết quả cho thấy khi trồng cây diệp hạ châu trên đất phù sa cho kết quả về sinh trưởng, phát triển và năng suất cao hơn so với trên đất xám bạc màu, cụ thể: sau 60 ngày sau trồng, tốc độ tăng trưởng của cây ở vùng đất phù sa đạt 54,18 cm là cao hơn so với vùng đất xám bạc màu chỉ đạt 48,38 cm, có p < 0,05. Năng suất lý thuyết và năng suất thực thu ở vùng trồng trên đất phù sa đạt lần lượt là 7,00 và 4,10 tấn/ha trong khi đó ở vùng đất xám bạc màu đạt lần lượt 6,50 và 3,60 tấn/ha. Định tính trong dung môi ethanol ở 2 vùng đất trồng khác nhau đều có sự hiện diện các các hợp chất hữu cơ thiên nhiên: alkaloid, polyphenol, flavonoid và tanin, tuy nhiên ở vùng trồng trên đất xám bạc màu cho kết quả hợp chất tanin và alkaloid có phản ứng dương tính rất rõ (+++) hơn so với ở vùng trồng trên đất phù sa.
TÌNH HÌNH CHĂN NUÔI VÀ TIÊU THỤ BÒ LAI CỦA NÔNG HỘ Ở VÙNG ĐỒNG BẰNG TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI
Authors: Nam Lê Văn , Dũng Nguyễn Tiến , Oanh Đinh Thị Kim , Thạo Lê Đức , Dũng Đinh Văn
Published: June 2022

Nghiên cứu nhằm phân tích quy mô, cơ cấu đàn, phương thức chăn nuôi, năng suất, tình hình tiêu thụ bò và các khó khăn của nông hộ chăn nuôi bò lai ở vùng đồng bằng tỉnh Quảng Ngãi. Nghiên cứu tiến hành khảo sát 160 hộ chăn nuôi bò tại 4 xã thuộc 4 huyện vùng đồng bằng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy chăn nuôi bò lai nông hộ quy mô nhỏ vẫn là phổ biến với 93,8% số hộ có quy mô dưới 10 con/hộ. Quy mô chăn nuôi bò lai trung bình năm 2020 là 5,2 con/hộ. Bò lai sinh sản của nông hộ chủ yếu lai Brahman chiếm 60,9% tổng đàn bò sinh sản. Khoảng cách lứa đẻ trung bình của bò cái lai là 388,6 ngày. Bò lai chuyên thịt nuôi trong nông hộ chủ yếu là giống lai BBB và lai Charolais chiếm tỷ lệ lần lượt là 64,2% và 16,2% tổng số bò thịt của hộ. Khối lượng bò thịt xuất bán trung bình đạt 420 kg ở độ tuổi bò thịt bình quân là 18,4 tháng. Bò thịt và bê con được tiêu thụ trong tỉnh thông qua các thương lái và lò mổ địa phương là chủ yếu. Thiếu thông tin thị trường, kỹ năng định giá bán bò kém, kỹ thuật chăn nuôi còn hạn chế, thiếu nguồn thức ăn cho bò vào mùa mưa và dịch bệnh trên đàn bò là những khó khăn phổ biến của nông hộ chăn nuôi bò lai vùng đồng bằng tỉnh Quảng Ngãi.
THỰC TRẠNG NHIỄM MẦM BỆNH KÝ SINH TRÙNG TRÊN RAU ĂN SỐNG TẠI ĐỊA BÀN THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ VÀ CÁC VÙNG PHỤ CẬN
Authors: Dung Hồ Thị , Hưng Phạm Hoàng Sơn , Hoa Nguyễn Thị , Khương Nguyễn Đinh Thùy , Lê Nguyễn Thị Thu , Long Trần
Published: June 2022

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để điều tra mức độ ô nhiễm trứng ký sinh trùng trên các loại rau ăn sống tại địa bàn thành phố Huế và các vùng phụ cận. Trứng ký sinh trùng được phát hiện bằng phương pháp phù nổi và phương pháp lắng cặn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, tỷ lệ nhiễm chung các loại ký sinh trùng trên rau là 90,58%. Rau ăn sống bị nhiễm nhiều loài ký sinh trùng khác nhau bao gồm các loài giun tròn (Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Capillaria spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Ascarid lumbricodes), sán lá (Fasciola spp., Clonorchis sinensis), sán dây (Taenia spp., Dipylydium caninum) và cầu trùng (Eimeria spp., Isospora spp.). 10 loại rau ăn sống phổ biến bao gồm rau muống, rau dền, rau húng quế, rau cải, rau diếp cá, ngò gai, rau má, rau răm, rau tía tô và rau xà lách đều bị nhiễm ký sinh trùng với tỷ lệ cao, dao động từ 77,77% đến 100%. Không có sự sai khác có ý nghĩa về mặt thống kê về tỷ lệ nhiễm ký sinh trùng trên rau theo nguồn nước và phân bón. Rau được tưới bằng nước giếng, nước máy, nước sông hồ cho tỷ lệ nhiễm ký sinh trùng tương đương nhau, lần lượt là 91,3, 81,81 và 92,85%. Tỷ lệ nhiễm ký sinh trùng trên các mẫu rau được bón phân chuồng và không bón phân chuồng lần lượt là 91,49 và 90,11%.