bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plants diversity of farm forestry in Tanah Laut District, South Kalimantan
Authors: SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD ARIEF , SUYANTO SUYANTO , HAFIZIANNOOR HAFIZIANNOOR , PURNAMA AAN , RAFIQI AHMAD , SJUKRAN SYUKRAINY
Published: July 2014

Both monoculture and polyculture farm forestry were in Tanah Laut District. The plants forming the monoculture farm forestry were rubber, teak, coconut, and acacias. The areas of rubber farm forestry were scattered all over the district. Based on Surat Kepala Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Tanah Laut No. 522/202/PPHH/Dishut, there were 43 plant species in the polyculture one; 16 species were categorized as the farm wood and 27 as the other wood. Based on Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. SK 272/Menhut-V/2004, there were 44 plant species and 16 of those were the multi purpose tree species. The density and the potential of plants indicated the preference of the community to plant the non-wood producing species of the farm-wood group as well as durian and rambutan of the other wood one.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: plant diversity, farm forestry, Tanah Laut District.
The activity of galanga (Alpinia galanga) rhizome extract against the growth of filamentous fungi Aspergillus spp. that produce aflatoxin and Fusarium moniliforme
Authors: HANDAJANI NOOR SOESANTI , PURWOKO TJAHJADI
Published: July 2014

Galanga (Alpinia galanga L.) rhizome was known to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. The antifungal substances of galangal rhizome were found from their volatile oil. The objectives of this experiment were to study the ethanol extract of galangal rhizome against the growth of filamentous fungi Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus niger that produce mycotoxin, especially aflatoxin, based on biomass and colony area and to determinate minimum growth inhibitory concentration the extract of galangal rhizome. The extract of galangal rhizome was significant (p<0.05) effective against biomass of F. moniliforme and A. flavus. The extract of galangal rhizome however was significant (p<0.05) effective against colony area of F. moniliforme, A. flavus and A. niger. The minimum growthinhibitory concentration of extracts galangal rhizome against the growth of A. flavus, F. moniliforme and A. niger were 816, 1,682, and 3,366 mg/L repectively.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Aspergillus spp., Fusarium moniliforme, galangal rhizome extract, minimum growth inhibitory concentration
The Reserpine Production and Callus Growth of Indian Snake Root (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz) Culture by Addition of Cu2+
Authors: NURCAHYANI NUNUNG , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: July 2014

The objectives of this research were to study the effects of Cu2+ addition on the reserpine production and callus growth from in vitro culture indian snake root (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz). This research frame work was based on the potency of snake root which was many exploited as anti-hypertension. The addition of elicitor Cu2+ in the form of CuCl2 would influence the ion transport of cell and changed of cytoplasm pH, and also has effects on synthesis and activity of enzymes which role in reserpine production and callus growth. The research was conducted in two steps, using Completely Randomized Design. The first step was the callus initiation to promote callus growth. Second step was the treatment to induce reserpine production. The callus was divided into five groups: 0; 5; 10; 20; 40; and 80 Î¼M. Morphology, wet weight, dry weight, growth rate, and reserpine content of callus were determined after 15 treatment day. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued by DMRT 5%. The result showed that reserpine production increased in addition of 5 Î¼M and 10 Î¼M Cu2+ in callus culture of R. serpentina and reduced in addition of Cu2+ more than 10 Î¼M. The callus growth significantly decreased by increasing concentration of Cu2+.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Rauvolfia serpentina, reserpine, elicitor, Cu2+, callus growth
Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: SUNARTI SITI , HIDAYAT ARIEF , RUGAYAH RUGAYAH
Published: July 2014

Inventory and exploration series in Wawonii island have been conducted since 2003-2006, to discover of its biodiversity. The thirds time of field work (2005) was plotted in Waworete Mountain, where located at the center of this island, include in East Wawonii District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, at the geographic positions of S 04Âº 06Â´ 843â€, E 123Âº 08Â´ 953â€. The forest still in undisturbs condition, so that, it need to be conserved. Approximately 208 plant species were identified, several species of them are new information.Anoectochilus setaceus (Bl.) Lindl., Diplocaulobium brevicole J.J.Sm. (Orchidaceae), Cyrtochloa cf. toppingii (Gamble) S. Dransf. (Poaceae) are a new record for Sulawesi and Indonesia respectively.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Waworete, Wawonii, Southeast Sulawesi, species diversity, forest.
Morphological and isozymic banding pattern study of white grubs (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) as pest of bark crop in mounth Merapiâ€™s slope.
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2014

White grub (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) is a group of soil pest at any agrosystem., especially at Salak pondoh (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.)Voss.) crop. The characteristics of this specimen were very crucial to be studied in order to find the exact biocontrol. The aim of this research was to know the characteristics of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) based on morphological and isozyme banding patterns. This research was conducted on August - November 2007 at Sleman and Magelang districts for the morphological purposes, while for the isozyme data were conducted at Sub Laboratory Biology, Central Laboratory of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Sample was taken by using stratified random sampling method, on five stations. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) using the vertical type was taken to isozyme analysis. The enzyme used in this research were peroxidase and esterase to detect the isozyme banding patterns. The results showed that there was no morphological variation of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) at salak pondoh agroecosystem in Mounth Merapiâ€™s slope. Based on this character, there was one species of white grub found, i.e. Holotrichia javana. There was a genetic variation based on the variation of isozyme banding patterns.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: white grubs, isozyme, Merapi mount, bark.
Distribution and covering percentage of sponge (Porifera) in different coral reef condition and depth in Barranglompo Island, South Sulawesi
Authors: SUHARYANTO SUHARYANTO
Published: July 2014

In 1996, four specieses of sponge namely Auletta sp., Callyspongia pseudoreticulata, Callyspongia sp., and Halichondria sp. have been potentially identified as bacteriside for fishery commodities. Nevertheless, information on sponge distribution, its covering percentage, and its habitate are still very little. Observation on distribution and abundance of sponge was conducted in the Southeastern and theNorthwestern part of Barranglompo Island, South Sulawesi, using scuba diving set and under water writting tools. At first, coral reef condition in 3 and 10 m depths up to 100 m length of shore line were observed in both stations, using â€œlifeform methodâ€. Then distribution and covering percentage of sponge, biotic and abiotic factor in 3, 6, 9, and 12 m depths in both stations were examined using â€œsquare transect methodâ€. The result showed that different coral reef condition qualitatively causes different of sponge species distribution, but quantitatively not significantly different (P>0,05) on its covering percentage. It was also found that generally sponge grows better at thedead coral where no other biotic organism around.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey word: distribution, covering percetage, sponge, habitat, Barranglompo Island
Interaction between the society around forest area with the use of biodiversity in the natural forest ecosystem of Bedugul-Pancasari, Bali
Authors: NUGROHO BRAMANTYO TRI ADI , UNDAHARTA NI KADEK EROSI , SIREGAR MUSTAID
Published: July 2014

Natural ecosystem forest of Bedugul-Pancasari represents an area which located in Tabanan regency, Bali province. This ecosystem area consist of eight laid orchard at strategic area so that do not deny by many society forest exploit variety involve residing in the area. This research aimed to get the information about variance factors that influence the extraction of nature resources by the village and also to know the respondent characteristic. The result from frequency distribution table showed the age of respondent 20-35 (45%) was the biggest group which taken the forest biodiversities around Bedugul-Pancasari forest. The respondent who taken the biggest forestbiodiversity has income from 50,000-185,000 rupiahs (42%) and 82% as a farmer. The age, the distance between house and forest, and the number of family member variables influenced the respondents to take the forest biodiversities. The Cramerâ€™s V value for each variable is 0.592, 0.691 and 0.723 that indicated there was correlation.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: society interaction, Bedugul-Pancasari, forest.
Artificial pollination in acung (Amorphophallus decus-silvae Back. & v.A.v.R.)
Authors: PRANA MADE SRI
Published: July 2014

A study was conducted on artificial pollination, both self and cross pollinations, of Amorphophallus decus-silvae Back. & v.A.v.R. planted in a house yard in Bogor. It was observed that no fruit set was resulted from self pollination. On the other hand cross pollination successfully produced numerous fruits. It was suggested that phenomena was due to protogenic character rather than self incompatibility mechanism of the species. The stigmas mature 1-2 days earlier than the anthers (pollen shedding). Such a case was also reported earlier by otherauthors in A. titanium Becc.Key words: acung, Amorphophallus decus-silvae Back. & v.A.v.R., pollination, fertilization, fruit, seed.
The population and habitat of Tambra fish, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) in Muller Mountain waters Central Kalimantan
Authors: HARYONO HARYONO , SUBAGJA JOJO
Published: July 2014

Study about tambra fish, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) or mahseer were conducted in Muller Mountain areas Central Kalimantan. The aims of study were to know status and structure of population, habitat types, and preferences. The methods are catch per unit of effort, visual, and experimental. The results were caught 29 tambra fish, consist of 4 males, 8 females, and 17 juvenile size; the population is rare; the habitat type were grouped to three groups; this fish more prefer to deep waters, the water quality was suitable for living of tambra fish.Key words: tambra fish, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854), population, habitat types, preferences, Muller Mountain.
The ethnobotanical study on screwpine (Pandanus odoratissimus L.f.): usage and importance in supporting the domestic economy of the local people in Ujung Kulon, Banten
Authors: RAHAYU MULYATI , SUNARTI SITI , KEIM ARY PRIHARDHYANTO
Published: July 2014

The local people of Ujung Kulon use the leaves of screwpine (Pandanus odoratissimus L.f.) for their daily purposes,especially making mats. The people recognise two entities of pandanus/screwpine as two different taxa, the â€œpandan samakâ€ and â€œpandan lautâ€. Both are identified here as belonging to P. odoratissimus. The two taxa are regarded closely related, in which the â€œpandan lautâ€ is believed to be the wild type of the domesticated â€œpandan samakâ€. Its cultivated in Ciundil. Although P. furcatus Roxburgh and P. dubius Sprengel are also recognised, neither is used as source of mats.Key words: ethnobotany, pandan, Pandanus odoratissimus L.f., Ujung Kulon
Biodiversity Study of Black Coral (Order: Antipatharia) Collected from Manado, Indonesia based on rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences Analysis
Authors: LAPIAN HAPRY FRED NICO
Published: July 2014

Biodiversity of black coral (order Antipatharia) collected from the Bunaken Marine Park (Manado Sea, Indonesia) has been studied based on the sequence of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region of rDNA gene. The results of the study showed that the 18 species of Antipatharia were considered to be separated in two family groups, family Myriopathidae and Antipathidae-Aphanipathida. A significant species-specific signal has been detected among the families of Antipathidae andAphanipathida. However, more studies-on different species were required to be clearly interpreted. The new species Pseudocirrhipathes mapia, the new genus Reticulopathes, and possibly a new taxon of the family Myriopathidae has beenrecognized based on ITS sequence data.Key words: biodiversity study, Manado, rDNA ITS, Antipatharia, black coral.
Primer Screening for Dyera costulata (Miq) Hook.f Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analyses
Authors: POERBA YUYU SURYASARI , WIDJAYA ELIZABETH ANITA
Published: July 2014

Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f (Apocynaceae) is a large tree of the lowland tropical rain forest of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Borneo) islands. Its economic value was in its copious latex, used as gum in the manufacture of chewing gum. Today the timber of this species is much sought after for the manufacture of pencils and picture frames. Information on genetic diversity of the species is very limited. Hence studieswere initiated to screen primers for RAPD analyses of Dyera costulata for use in genetic variation studies. Seventy one Operon primers (10 mer) were used to generate a total of 864 consistent and ambiguous amplification products ranging from 200 bp to 2.0 kb. Rare and genotype specific bands were identified which could be effectively used to distinguish the genotypes. 34 highly polymorphic primers (100%) are recorded from 71 primers used. Three primers (OPA-04, OPU-06, and OPU-07) produced highest variable RAPD profiles. The dendrogram separated the 8 genotypes into 2 groups. Geneticdissimilarity ranged from 0.07 to 0.71 %.Key words: Dyera costulata, jelutong, primer screening, RAPD.
The Occurrence of Hyperhydricity on Several Carnations (Dianthus carryophyllus L.) Cultivars during Low Temperature Storage
Authors: BUDIARTO KURNIAWAN
Published: July 2014

The incident of hyperhydricity was a common problem in propagated carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) during in vitroculture. Due to its possible relations with the decrease in phenotypic performance of plantlets, the observation on theoccurrence of hyperhydricity was conducted on several in vitro conserved carnation cultivars. The research was conductedfrom July 2007 to August 2008 at The Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Cianjur, West Java. A completefactorial experiment with 24 replications was designed to accomplish the combination of two factors. The first factor was six commercial carnation cultivars, namely light pink candy, malaga, opera, white candy, liberty and pink maladi, while theseconds dealt with type of conservation media, i.e. Â½MS+DMSO 3%, Â½MS+DMSO 3%+3% sucrose and control (Â½MS+3% sucrose). The results showed that the percentage of hyperhydric plantlet and plantlet viability after in vitro conservation were varied among carnation cultivars. Single treatment of sucrose had the least capacity in inducing plantlet resistance to low temperature conditions during in vitro conservation. Supplemental DMSO postponed the occurrence of hyperhydricityand with the existence of sucrose, higher plantlet viability were achieved.Key words: carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), cultivar, hyperhydricity, plantlet viability, in vitro conservation.
Grazing Habitat of the Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) in the Upland Kebar, Manokwari
Authors: PATTISELANNO FREDDY , AROBAYA AGUSTINA YOHANA SETYARINI
Published: July 2014

The general objective of the study was to provide current information on grassland communities as deer habitat and itsfuture development plan for a sustainable forage management in upland Kebar, Papua. Quantitative estimation of forage production was carried out by measuring a biomass harvest in fresh weight bases, while occasional observations on ranging deer were done within habitat range with the aid of 7x50 binoculars verified by actual visitation of grazed area. The study indicated Kebar, as the only grazing area of deer varies in low layer vegetation composition that comprised of eleven grass species and five legume species. Imperata cylindrica, Paspalum conjugatum, Themeda arguens, Melinis minutiflora and Cyperus rotundus were identified as food plant of deer in Kebar. Among these species T. arguens, M. minutiflora, C. rotundus and I. cylindrica were the most preferred species consumed by deer. The biomass harvest (species productivity) was 30.36 kg/ha fresh weight, while deer food productivity in the grassland was slightly lower (26.70 kg/ha) than total productivity of the grassland. The major drainage area is Kasi River, but two other rivers across this valley (Api River, Apriri River) are also supply water to the swampy area.Key words: grazing, habitat, Rusa, Kebar, Manokwari.
Extraction of Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) through Fermentation System
Authors: HANDAYANI RINI , SULISTYO JOKO , RAHAYU RITA DWI
Published: July 2014

Coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) has a unique role in the diet as an important physiologically functional food. The health andnutritional benefits that can be derived from consuming coconut oil have been recognized in many parts of the world for centuries. There are few techniques for coconut oil extraction, such as physical, chemical, and fermentation or enzymaticprocesses using microbial inoculum as enzymatic starter. Starter with different concentration (1.0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10%) of microbial strains were added into coconut cream and allowed to be fermented for over night. The extracted oil was analyzed for further experiment, especially on its antibacterial activity. The maximum yield of 27.2% was achieved by adding 5.0% starter. Water content, acid value, FFA, and peroxide value of the fermented coconut oil were 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.22% and 2.54% respectively. A gas chromatogram showed that this fermented oil contained high lauric acid (46.82%), and 6.01% caprylic, 7.5% capric, 17.02% miristic, 7.21% palmitic, 3.11% palmitoleic, 5.41% stearic, and 1.3% linoleic acid, respectively. An inhibitory effect of such kind coconut oil which contains potential fatty acid against bacterial growth was further examined. It was found that this edible oil exhibited antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella; however it showed slightly inhibitory effect when it was exposed to Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli.Key words: coconut oil, inoculum, fermentation, lauric acid, antibacterial
Mycorrhizal Association of Terrestrial Orchids of Cycloops Nature Reserve, Jayapura
Authors: AGUSTINI VERENA , SUFAATI SUPENI , SUHARNO SUHARNO
Published: July 2014

Study on exploration of mycorrhizal association of terrestrial orchid of Cycloops Nature Reserve, Jayapura was done. Theaims of this study were to collect terrestrial orchid and to isolate orchid mycorrhiza associated with it. Survey method was used in this study. Isolation of orchid mycorrhiza was based on modified methods of Masuhara and Katsuya (1989). The result showed that there were 10 species of terrestrial orchid in this area. Eleven orchid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from five terrestrial orchids. Among them, 6 isolates were associated with Geodorum sp. From the seventeen mycorrhizal fungi, 3 isolates were identified, namely Rhizoctonia sp., Tulasnella sp., and Ceratorhiza sp, while the last fourteen isolates have not been identified yet. Mostly, each isolate has a specific orchid host, except species G (sp. G) which associated with Phaius sp. and Plocoglottis sp.Key words: terrestrial orchid, orchid mycorrhiza, Mt. Cycloops Nature Reserve, Jayapura
Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Fragments that Transplanted on Artificial Substrate Made from Coral Rubble
Authors: FADLI NUR
Published: July 2014

Coral reefs play an important physiological and ecological role in coastal ecosystems such as providing natural breakwatersthat protect shorelines and human settlements from waves and storm. Corals killed by tsunami, waves and storms are often degraded into rubble. This rubble is dynamic, easily shifted by currents and storms, which effectively forms â€˜â€˜killing fieldsâ€™â€™ forcoral juveniles, hindering coral recovery. In order to rehabilitate coral reefs, artificial substrates are used both for coral transplantation and recruitment. Unfortunately, most artificial substrates are expensive and use land-based material such asconcrete/cement-bases. In order to develop a new low-cost artificial substrate that can replace concrete/cement-base as amedia for coral transplantation, modified coral rubble was tested in a pilot study in Seribu Island, Jakarta. Two different nets (nylon and polyethylene) were used to form rubble into a compact shape, stable and strong substrate. The stability of therubble and the complexity of the surface which is created by the net make this substrate suitable for coral transplantation.Additionally, from an economic perspective the nets are very cheap and locally available. In a number of experiments,modified coral rubble successfully replaced the concrete /cement-base as a media for coral transplantation. The coral transplants were growing over time. With this method, we can try to rehabilitate the degraded coral reef destroyed by tsunami or other factors with material that already is available at the site and with less money. However, this approach requires testing at additional sites and for longer periods, to determine the replicability of the results.Key words: cement base, coral, rubble, transplantation
Forest Dynamics of Peat Swamp Forest in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan
Authors: MIRMANTO EDI
Published: July 2014

plots. The plots were set up in natural peat swamp forest in the upper catchments of Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. Aim of the study is to understand the dynamics and vegetation changes of forest studied during period of study. The peat swamp forest in the study site might be categorized as moderately forest dynamic in term of rate of growth, mortality and recruitment. Annual relative growth rate and mortality rate was comparable to previous study but recruitment rate relatively higher. There was significant effect of diameter class on annual growth rate, but not to mortality rate. Even not too strong two environment factors (peat depth and distance to river) were significant correlated with rate of mortality and recruitment. During two-year period study there was no significant changes in vegetation structure.Key words: Central Kalimantan, dynamic, growth, mortality, peat swamp forest, recruitment, Sebangau.
Diversity and Abundance of Beetle (Coleoptera) Functional Groups in a Range of Land Use System in Jambi, Sumatra
Authors: SUSILO FRANCISCUS XAVERIUS , INDRIYATI INDRIYATI , HARDIWINOTO SURYO
Published: July 2014

Degradation of tropical rain forest might exert impacts on biodiversity loss and affect the function and stability of the related ecosystems. The objective of this study was to study the impact of land use systems (LUS) on the diversity and abundance of beetle functional groups in Jambi area, Sumatra. This research was carried out during the rainy season (May-June) of 2004. Inventory and collection of beetles have been conducted using winkler method across six land use systems, i.e. primary forest, secondary forest, Imperata grassland, rubber plantation, oilpalm plantation, and cassava garden. The result showed that a total of 47 families and subfamilies of beetles was found in the study area, and they were classified into four major functional groups, i.e. herbivore, predator, scavenger, and fungivore. There were apparent changes in proportion, diversity, and abundance of beetle functional groups from forests to other land use systems. The bulk of beetle diversity and abundance appeared to converge in primary forest and secondary forest and predatory beetles were the most diverse and the most abundant of the four major functional groups.Key words: beetle, land use system, diversity, abundance, Sumatra.
Population and Microhabitat Characteristic of Homalomena bellula Schott in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: KUSUMA YAYAN WAHYU CANDRA , ASTUTI INGGIT PUJI
Published: July 2014

The population and habitat characteristics of Homalomena bellula Schott in Java have received little attention. In this present study, the authors estimated the population density and habitat characteristic of H. bellula in Mount Slamet, Central Java, by means of random samplings of 2 x 2 m2 plots. Two distinct populations were studied at two different altitude levels, i.e. below and above 1000 m asl. We used to suspect that there was a difference in both populations. But our result revealed that these two populations were actually similar in abundance, population density, and dispersion pattern and even in microhabitat characteristics.
Begonia â€œTuti Siregarâ€ (Begonia listada Smith &Wasshausen x Begonia acetosa Vellozo): a new cultivar from Bali Botanic Garden, Indonesia
Authors: SIREGAR HARTUTININGSIH M. , ARDAKA I MADE , SIREGAR MUSTAID
Published: July 2014

SiregarHM, Ardaka IM, Siregar M (2010) Begonia â€œTuti Siregarâ€ (Begonia listada Smith &Wasshausen x Begonia acetosa Vellozo): a new cultivar from Bali Botanic Garden, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 11: 15-18. A new Begonia cultivar was generated by crossing Begonia listada Smith & Wasshausen with Begonia acetosa Vellozo at Bali Botanic Garden began in 2005. The female flowers of B. listada were pollinated with pollen grains from B. acetosa. Begonia listada is characterized by the following characters: erect, non rhizomatous, branched subshrub to 1 m tall; leaves: blade above bronze, beneath purple with two pale green veins. B. acetosa has the following characters: creeping rhizomatous perennial to about 1 m tall; leaves: thick, blade above olive green, beneath bright red, both surfaceswith a dense covering of short stiff white hairs. The results of crossing is, herb, erect, non-rhizomatous, 40-75 cm height, stem brownish green, hairy, stipules in pairs, marcescent, ascending, membranous. Leaves, beautiful asymmetrical leaves intermediate between both parents; petiole deeply red, covered with wooly hairs, veins yellow like B. listada. The new cultivar, Begonia â€˜Tuti Siregarâ€™, has the American Begonia Society registration number 1001 (Salisbury 2008).Key words: Begonia â€œTuti Siregarâ€, Bali Botanic Garden, Indonesia, new cultivar.
Butterfly diversity as a data base for the development plan of Butterfly Garden at Bosscha Observatory, Lembang, West Java
Authors: SUBAHAR TATI SURYATI SYAMSUDIN , YULIANA ANNISA
Published: July 2014

Subahar TSS, Yuliana A (2010) Butterfly diversity as a data base for the development plan of Butterfly Garden at Bosscha Observatory, Lembang, West Java. Biodiversitas 11: 24-28. Change of land use and the increasing number of visitors to Bosscha area was one factor for the development plan of butterfly garden in the area. The objectives of this research were to examine butterfly diversity and its potential for development plan of butterfly garden. Butterfly diversity and its richness conducted by standard walk methods. Host plantand larval food plant was recorded during butterfly survey. Public perception on the development plan of butterfly garden was examined by questionnaire. The results showed that 26 species of butterfly was found in Bosscha area and Delias belisama belisama was the most dominant species. Public perceptions consider that the development plan of butterfly garden will give benefit to the community; not only providing new insight (40.41%), additional tourism object (23.97%) and will gave aesthetical value (17.12%). Twelve local speciesshould be considered for development plan of butterfly garden: Papilio agamemnon, P. demoleus, P. memnon, P. sarpedon, Delias belisama, Eurema hecabe, Danaus chrysippus, Argynnis hyperbius, Cethosia penthesilea, Hypolimnas misippus, Melanitis phedima and Euthalia adonia. Host plant: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Citrus aurantium, Lantana camara, Macaranga tanarius and food plants: Citrus aurantium, Cosmos caudatus, Eupatorium inulifolium, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lantana camara, and Tithonia diversifolia.Key words: host plant, butterfly diversity, Bosscha Observatory, standard walk.
Characterizing forest reduction in Ketapang district, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ADHIKERANA ASEP SUNJAYA , SUGARDJITO JITO
Published: July 2014

Adhikerana AS, Sugardjito J (2010) Characterizing forest reduction in Ketapang district, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 11: 46-54. We have characterized deforestation in the Ketapang district forests when we implemented the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Conservation in Trans-boundary Landscape between Central and West Kalimantan provinces. For the purpose of evaluating the changes in land use and land cover in the study areas, a series of Landsat imageries have been analyzed. Each of the Landsat imagery data set for all study areas was initially classified using unsupervised classification into 13 different land-cover types. Ground truth checks were undertaken for Ketapang district forests and Sungai Puteri peat swamp forest, from which the results were used for the supervised land use classification of these two study areas. Between 1992 and 2000 there was only small conversion of primary forest into secondary forests. During this period barren land remained extensive about 30.17% of the total area of Ketapang district. Both agriculture and plantation areas substantially increased 56% and 55% respectively during 2003, while at the same time the extent ofboth primary and peat swamp forests were considerably reduced up to 15% and 28% respectively. The most striking conversion was from secondary forest to agricultural land and from peat swamp forest to swamp areas. A fraction of lowland forest was also converted into oil-palm plantation which was extended with considerable size into agricultural land. The patterns of land use changes detected in this study indicated a number of possible causes that trigger deforestation in this district include, the local government policy and market demand.Key words: deforestation, habitat fragmentation, Landsat, imagery, land use.
Chloroplast DNA variation of Shorea acuminata Dyer in Eastern Sumatra assessed by microsatellite markers
Authors: ZULFAHMI ZULFAHMI , SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI
Published: July 2014

Zulfahmi, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ (2010) Chloroplast DNA variation of Shorea acuminata Dyer in Sumatra assessed by microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 11: 107-111. Shorea acuminata Dyer is member of the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is ecologically and commercially important in the Indonesian region. In the present study, chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) were used to study the distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes and to assess the variation within and among populations of S. acuminata from Riau and Jambi provinces eastern part of Sumatra. Based on chloroplast microsatellite analysis, six haplotypes were observed for S. acuminata,namely haplotype P, Q, R, S, T, and U, respectively. The high haplotype variation was detected in Bukit Barisan National Park (TNBT) population (five haplotypes); it may be due to TNBT population status as national parks (conservation area) under government protection. The value of genetic differentiation measured for S. acuminata was Gst = 0.150. The Gst values in this study is lower than the mean Gst value estimated in angiosperms plant for maternally inherited. Information on the status of genetic variation of the species in this study could be used as scientific consideration in formulating appropriate strategies for conservation and sustainable utilization ofgenetic resources.Key words: Dipterocarpaceae, Shorea acuminata, chloroplast microsatellites, genetic variation
Plant diversity in natural forest of Guilan Rural Heritage Museum in Iran
Authors: ABEDI ROYA , POURBABAEI HASSAN
Published: July 2014

Abedi R, Pourbabaei H (2010) Plant diversity in natural forest of Guilan Rural Heritage Museum in Iran. Biodiversitas 11: 182-186. The aim of this study was to determine plant species diversity in Guilan Rural Heritage Museum in Iran. Eighty nine sampling plots were sampled based on systematic random method. Data analysis was carried out using diversity indices of richness, diversity (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Mc Arthurâ€™s (N1) and Hillâ€™s (N2) and Smith and Wilsonâ€™s evenness index (Evar). Results indicated that Rosaceae and Labiatae families have the highest number of species. Quercus castaneifolia and Ruscus hyrcanus were the most dominant woody plants for class of tree and shrub, respectively. Carex divolsa and Viola odorata were dominant herbaceous species. Herbaceous layer had the highest richness, evenness and diversity. Mc Arthurâ€™s N1 index had the highest value among diversity indices.Key words: diversity, richness, evenness, Rural Heritage Museum, Guilan.
Forest land use by the community in Sorong Natural Tourism Park at Sorong City, West Papua Province
Authors: RAHAWARIN YOHANES YOSEPH
Published: July 2014

Rahawarin Y (2011) Forest land use by the community in Sorong Natural Tourism Park at Sorong City, West Papua Province. Biodiversitas 12: 222-227. The aim of the research was to: (i) identify the type and extent of forest land use alteration at Sorong Natural Tourism Park (or SNTP), (ii) investigate society activities that cause forest land use alteration, and (iii) make the zoning level of environmental damage (iv) investigate the causative factors of forest land use alteration at SNTP. The method used was survey with field observation and semi-structural interview techniques. The primary data of biophysical aspects consist of type and extents of land usage by society; while data of socio-cultural aspects consist of level of community dependency upon land and the existing of local institution and management of SNTP. Secondary data that had been collected consist of study results documentation and report of SNTP management aspects. Data were analyzed by using (i) qualitative descriptive analysis of society socio-cultural and management aspects, (ii) spatial analysis of biophysical aspects, and (iii) environmental analysis of biophysical, socio-cultural and management aspects.Evaluation of environmental analysis was used to arrange directive and environmental management strategy at SNTP. Result of research indicated that since its establishment in 1981 to 2009, SNTP forest land utilizing for settlements, forest product extraction and shifting cultivation activity by society had been cause of land use alteration occurred which was incompatible with area function about 11,53%. Changing in the land use caused by society activities in land utilizes such settlements, forest product extraction and shifting cultivation.Level of environmental degradation in the catchments area of damage SNTP level indicates that 8.01% of total of land area was in slightly damaged, 2.36% was moderately damaged and 1.16% is in heavily damaged. Inadequate support on socio-cultural aspects of society at SNTP and the lack of founding and supervising upon SNTP management was pointed as causative factors on environmental damage. Based on level of environmental damage, community based forest management system will be able to be implemented as environmental management strategy at SNTP.Key words: forest land use, environmental degradation, Sorong Natural Tourism Park
Species diversity of critically endangered pristid sawfishes (Elasmobranchii: Pristidae) Elasmobranchii: Pristidae (Malay Archipelago)
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO , SETYAWAN AHMAD , SUYATNA IWAN
Published: July 2014

Sutarno, Setyawan AD, Suyatna I. 2012. Species diversity of critically endangered pristid sawfishesÂ (Elasmobranchii: Pristidae) Elasmobranchii: Pristidae (Malay Archipelago).Â Biodiversitas 13: 161-171. The pristid sawfishes (Pristidae) are notable because of their sawlike rostrum and large body size (up to seven meters). All pristids are listed as critically endangered by IUCN, since decreasingpopulation; Nusantara is home for five pristid species, namely: Anoxypristis cuspidata Latham, 1794, Pristis clavata Garman, 1906, Pristis microdon Latham, 1794, Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851, and Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794. A. cuspidata differ from Pristid spp. by the presence of a very narrow rostral saw, with 16 to 29 pairs of teeth except for the part along the quarter of the rostral saw near the head. P. microdon has a highly defined groove that runs along the entire posterior edge of the tooth into and beyond its confluence with the rostrum. This groove is absent in juvenile of P. clavata and whilst it develops in larger individuals it rarely runs along the entireÂ posterior edge of the tooth or reach its confluence with the rostrum. P. clavata possibly have been misidentified as P. pectinata, whose distribution in the Indo-West Pacific is uncertain. P. clavata can be distinguished from P. pectinata and P. zijsron by the possession ofÂ fewer rostral teeth (18 to 22 in P. clavata cf. 24 to 28 in P. zijsron and 24 to 34 in P. pectinata),Â and by its smaller body size (i.e. less than 250 cm TL in P. clavata). P. microdon indicates different sexes of the number of rostral teeth, i.e. 17-21 in female cf. 19-23 in male, but in P. clavata, it can not be used to differentiate male from female, with both sexes possessing an average of 42 rostral teeth. In P. clavata the dorsal fin origin is opposite or slightly behind the pelvic fin origin, the rostum is relatively shorter (22-24% of TL), he lower cauda fin lobe is smaller.
Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , ULUMUDDIN YAYA IHYA
Published: July 2014

Setyawan AD, Ulumuddin YI. 2012. Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13:172177.Â ResearchÂ onÂ diversityÂ andÂ distributionÂ ofÂ mangrovesÂ onÂ theÂ smallÂ remoteÂ islandsÂ areÂ rarelyÂ performedÂ thanÂ onÂ theÂ coastalÂ areaÂ andÂ estuaries. Tambelan Islands is a cluster of small islands isolated in the Natuna Sea, Indonesia. On the island there are four species of Rhizophora, namely R. apiculata, R. stylosa, R. mucronata, and hybrid species R. x lamarckii. Rhizophora stylosa and R. apiculata are the most common species found. R. mucronata only found in certain places (i.e. Durian River), R. x lamarckii rare, usually grows in stands that also covered by the two parental, R. stylosa and R. apiculata. All Rhizophora species were found to have thorn on the leaf tip, and spotted brown on the underneath leaf. R. apiculata has a petal without woolly feathers, inflorescence have short stalks and cork. R. stylosa and R. mucronata are sibling species, both of them have a long-stalks and dichotomy inflorescence, but the style of R.Â mucronata very short (<2.5 mm),Â whereas in R. stylosa longer (> 2.5 mm). R. x lamarckii has characters between R. apiculata and R. stylosa.
Plants and animals diversity in Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) in Hamadan Province, Iran
Authors: REYAHI-KHORAM MAHDI , JAFARY MAJEED , BAYATI MOSTAFA , REYAHI-KHORAM REIHANEH
Published: July 2014

Reyahi-Khoram M, Jafary M, Bayati M, Reyahi-Khoram R. 2012. Plants and animals diversity in Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) in Hamadan Province, Iran. Biodiversitas 14: 190-194. Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) is regarded as one of the genetic reserves of Hamadan province in Iran. BMA is highly important regarding variety of plant and animal species, but limited research work has been performed in this area in the field of biodiversity. Identifying the unique ecologic talents and capabilities and aesthetics of BMA is the most important objective of this study. This research was conducted during 2010 through 2011 in BMA to identify various plant and animal species through documentary and also direct field observations. With direct referring to the various regions of the studied area, plant samples were collected from different slope position and transported to field laboratory units. Sampling was made for every 20 meters increase in the height of area. Animal species of the area were identified too. Based on the results, about 44 valuable plantÂ species, 45 species of birds as well as 7 species of mammals have been identified in BMA. It is recommended that the area be declared an A prohibited hunting area by Department of Environment (DoE)Â of Iran for the conservation of flora and fauna in the study area.
A Comparison and Critique of Closed Court Hearings
Authors: Gray Anthony
Published: July 2014

Another example of the recent trend of departure from traditional criminal due process requirements in the ‘terrorism era’ is the increased use of ‘closed court’ hearings in relation to the introduction of evidence considered particularly sensitive with respect to national security. Typically, the person affected by the proceedings, and their chosen legal adviser, are excluded from such a hearing. This has many effects on the conduct of the trial as typically envisaged. For the purposes of this article, I will focus on two main effects: (a) the person does not get access to the evidence being led against them, and (b) their ability to cross-examine witnesses being used against them is removed. These developments contradict long-established and fundamental characteristics of proceedings in a criminal law trial in common law systems, such as the open court principle and the adversarial nature of proceedings. They also contradict the right to confront accusers, a right traceable to Roman times, and a feature of the British system for more than four centuries. They call into question the fairness of the proceeding. This article highlights the latest case law developments in key jurisdictions around the world before critically appraising trends evident in the recent jurisprudence.
Joining the Diaspora of Deaf Memoirists: A Personal Account of Writing Deafness
Authors: McDonald Donna
Published: July 2014

I n this essay , the author describes how, and why, she tackled a lifetime of questions about her deafness and experiences of being deaf by writing a memoir called The Art of Being Deaf. While researching her memoir, the author discovered that the questions about her deafness that she most needed to answer were her own. Having first read many memoirs by other deaf writers and novels with deaf characters, the author set about composing her own narrative of deafness in a fresh way. She not only came to an improved understanding of her deaf self, but grew into a more authentic understanding of her whole self, reconciling her memories of the deaf girl she once was with the adult deaf woman she is now. The author illustrates how the act of writing a memoir can be an important tool in resolving questions of identity.
Introduction: The Archival Turn in Medieval Iberian Studies
Authors: Lloret Albert
Published: July 2014

This special issue outlines the advances, challenges, and prospects brought forth by the making and extensive use of digital archives in medieval scholarship, with particular attention to Iberian medievalism. The first four contributions discuss, respectively, the making of two different archives devoted to lyric corpora (one with a textual emphasis, the other one with a material focus), a census of vernacular translations, and the evolution of a database project since its analog origins. The last four articles consider the significance of archives for the discipline and analyze the not so desirable consequences of digital reading practices, the opportunities for transnational archives to resurge, the enhancement of glossatorial activities, and the promotion of manuscript studies through digital scholarship.
Cançoners DB : A New Research Tool for the Study of Medieval Catalan Songbooks
Authors: Martí Sadurní
Published: July 2014

This article presents the Cançoners DB , a database devoted to medieval Catalan songbooks transmitting Catalan lyric and verse narrative works ca. 1300–1500. In addition to introducing the aims and scope of the project, this essay reflects on the challenges and prospects of studying and indexing the material characteristics of Catalan songbooks in order to research works in verse, book production, and the compared structure of songbooks in Romance language traditions.
Reflections on the Making of a Census of Medieval Catalan Translations
Authors: Ferrer Montserrat , Cabré Lluís
Published: July 2014

This article has a twofold purpose. By providing ample illustration of the difficulties encountered in the making of a catalogue of medieval Catalan translations, we first consider different cataloguing criteria in order to discuss the suitability of the database format vis-à-vis that of a PDF document. Secondly, through the former discussion we bring forth three main questions for the study of medieval translation in general, namely: autor-ship, mediation, and transmission. The third question elicits our philological discussion of what constitutes a translation and how we may distinguish different translations or versions of a same work.
Cracking the Code: Reflections on Manuscripts in the Age of Digital Books
Authors: Szpiech Ryan
Published: July 2014

The academic study of medieval manuscripts has always been undertaken as if in dialogue with printed books. This essay takes as its starting point the changes in the nature of printed books that have come about in the last decade with the dramatic increase in data storage and retrieval capabilities, paying particular attention to the impact of book digitization by Google Books and similar programs. After first considering how targeted textual searching has changed the way books are used for research—inverting the traditional hierarchy of text and reader by allowing the latter to use the text with greater speed and control than ever before—I suggest that the change in the function of books can also entail for medievalists a change in the meaning of manuscripts. Because manuscripts provide much more information than that which is encoded in their text, including many elements that defy systematic characterization, their idiosyncratic nature seems to be enhanced in comparison to the increasingly utilitarian nature of searchable books. Taking as an exemplary case the digitization of University of Coimbra MS 720, a late-medieval copy of the Dagger of Faith ( Pugio fidei ) by the Catalan Dominican Ramon Martí, this essay offers some personal reflections on the ways that the use of texts, information, and manuscripts is changing in the age of digital books.
The Maidan and Beyond: Finding Ukraine
Authors: Diuk Nadia
Published: July 2014

Abstract: Ukrainians flocked to the Maidan to express a “choice for Europe,” but they may also have forged the beginnings of a new Ukrainian identity. Events in Ukraine present the post–Cold War order in Europe with a challenge deeper than any it has ever seen, and democratic prospects across a vast swath of Eurasia seem cloudier than before as the world wonders how much more “pushback” Vladimir Putin has planned against liberaldemocratic forces at home and abroad. Yet there is no reason to let trouble in the eastern reaches of the country impede the larger and necessary work of fitting Ukraine for transparent self-government.