bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Longitudinal Trajectory of Default Mode Network Connectivity in Healthy Older Adults Varies As a Function of Age and Is Associated with Changes in Episodic Memory and Processing Speed
Authors: Staffaroni Adam M. , Brown Jesse A. , Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Elahi Fanny M. , Deng Jersey , Neuhaus John , Cobigo Yann , Mumford Paige S. , Walters Samantha , Saloner Rowan , Karydas Anna , Coppola Giovanni , Rosen Howie J. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Kramer Joel H.
Published: February 2018

The default mode network (DMN) supports memory functioning and may be sensitive to preclinical Alzheimer's pathology. Little is known, however, about the longitudinal trajectory of this network's intrinsic functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we evaluated longitudinal FC in 111 cognitively normal older human adults (ages 49–87, 46 women/65 men), 92 of whom had at least three task-free fMRI scans (n= 353 total scans). Whole-brain FC and three DMN subnetworks were assessed: (1) within-DMN, (2) between anterior and posterior DMN, and (3) between medial temporal lobe network and posterior DMN. Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant baseline age × time interactions, indicating a nonlinear trajectory. There was a trend toward increasing FC between ages 50–66 and significantly accelerating declines after age 74. A similar interaction was observed for whole-brain FC.APOEstatus did not predict baseline connectivity or change in connectivity. After adjusting for network volume, changes in within-DMN connectivity were specifically associated with changes in episodic memory and processing speed but not working memory or executive functions. The relationship with processing speed was attenuated after covarying for white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and whole-brain FC, whereas within-DMN connectivity remained associated with memory above and beyond WMH and whole-brain FC. Whole-brain and DMN FC exhibit a nonlinear trajectory, with more rapid declines in older age and possibly increases in connectivity early in the aging process. Within-DMN connectivity is a marker of episodic memory performance even among cognitively healthy older adults.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDefault mode network and whole-brain connectivity, measured using task-free fMRI, changed nonlinearly as a function of age, with some suggestion of early increases in connectivity. For the first time, longitudinal changes in DMN connectivity were shown to correlate with changes in episodic memory, whereas volume changes in relevant brain regions did not. This relationship was not accounted for by white matter hyperintensities or mean whole-brain connectivity. Functional connectivity may be an early biomarker of changes in aging but should be used with caution given its nonmonotonic nature, which could complicate interpretation. Future studies investigating longitudinal network changes should consider whole-brain changes in connectivity.
Visual Information Present in Infragranular Layers of Mouse Auditory Cortex
Authors: Morrill Ryan J. , Hasenstaub Andrea R.
Published: February 2018

The cerebral cortex is a major hub for the convergence and integration of signals from across the sensory modalities; sensory cortices, including primary regions, are no exception. Here we show that visual stimuli influence neural firing in the auditory cortex of awake male and female mice, using multisite probes to sample single units across multiple cortical layers. We demonstrate that visual stimuli influence firing in both primary and secondary auditory cortex. We then determine the laminar location of recording sites through electrode track tracing with fluorescent dye and optogenetic identification using layer-specific markers. Spiking responses to visual stimulation occur deep in auditory cortex and are particularly prominent in layer 6. Visual modulation of firing rate occurs more frequently at areas with secondary-like auditory responses than those with primary-like responses. Auditory cortical responses to drifting visual gratings are not orientation-tuned, unlike visual cortex responses. The deepest cortical layers thus appear to be an important locus for cross-modal integration in auditory cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe deepest layers of the auditory cortex are often considered its most enigmatic, possessing a wide range of cell morphologies and atypical sensory responses. Here we show that, in mouse auditory cortex, these layers represent a locus of cross-modal convergence, containing many units responsive to visual stimuli. Our results suggest that this visual signal conveys the presence and timing of a stimulus rather than specifics about that stimulus, such as its orientation. These results shed light on both how and what types of cross-modal information is integrated at the earliest stages of sensory cortical processing.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Diabetic cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and potential metabolic interventions state of the art review
Authors: Levelt Eylem , Gulsin Gaurav , Neubauer Stefan , McCann Gerry P
Published: February 2018

Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes contributes to the development of heart failure through a variety of mechanisms, including disease-specific myocardial structural, functional and metabolic changes. This review will focus on the contemporary contributions of state of the art non-invasive technologies to our understanding of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including data on cardiac disease phenotype, cardiac energy metabolism and energetic deficiency, ectopic and visceral adiposity, diabetic liver disease, metabolic modulation strategies and cardiovascular outcomes with new classes of glucose-lowering therapies.
Torso-Like Is a Component of the Hemolymph and Regulates the Insulin Signaling Pathway in Drosophila
Authors: Henstridge Michelle A , Aulsebrook Lucinda , Koyama Takashi , Johnson Travis K , Whisstock James C , Tiganis Tony , Mirth Christen K , Warr Coral G
Published: February 2018

In Drosophila, key developmental transitions are governed by the steroid hormone ecdysone. A number of neuropeptide-activated signaling pathways control ecdysone production in response to environmental signals, including the insulin signaling pathway, which regulates ecdysone production in response to nutrition. Here, we find that the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin-like protein Torso-like, best characterized for its role in activating the Torso receptor tyrosine kinase in early embryo patterning, also regulates the insulin signaling pathway in Drosophila. We previously reported that the small body size and developmental delay phenotypes of torso-like null mutants resemble those observed when insulin signaling is reduced. Here we report that, in addition to growth defects, torso-like mutants also display metabolic and nutritional plasticity phenotypes characteristic of mutants with impaired insulin signaling. We further find that in the absence of torso-like, the expression of insulin-like peptides is increased, as is their accumulation in insulin-producing cells. Finally, we show that Torso-like is a component of the hemolymph and that it is required in the prothoracic gland to control developmental timing and body size. Taken together, our data suggest that the secretion of Torso-like from the prothoracic gland influences the activity of insulin signaling throughout the body in Drosophila.
Well-Appearing Newborn With a Vesiculobullous Rash at Birth
Authors: Stewart Sarah E. , Lin Jody L. , Everhart Jennifer L. , Pham Trung H. , Marqueling Ann L. , Rieger Kerri E. , Hilgenberg Sarah L.
Published: February 2018

A term, appropriate-for-gestational-age, male infant born via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery presented at birth with a full-body erythematous, vesiculobullous rash. He was well-appearing with normal vital signs and hypoglycemia that quickly resolved. His father had a history of herpes labialis. His mother had an episode of herpes zoster during pregnancy and a prolonged rupture of membranes that was adequately treated. The patient underwent a sepsis workup, including 2 attempted but unsuccessful lumbar punctures, and was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and acyclovir, given concerns about bacterial or viral infection. The rash evolved over the course of several days. Subsequent workup, with particular attention to his history and presentation, led to his diagnosis.
La población de Centroamérica en el Siglo XX: series vitales anuales y estimaciones de la población total
Authors: Brignoli Héctor Pérez
Published: February 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es compilar y corregir las estadísticas vitales anuales de Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa Rica durante el siglo XX. Al mismo tiempo se presentan y corrigen cifras censales sobre la población total. A partir de 1950 se consideran como suficientemente confiables los datos poblacionales estimados por el CELADE, los cuales sirven de base a las últimas proyecciones de población, para el período 1950-2050.
Anti-EGFR Therapy in Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Safyan Rachael A. , Neugut Alfred I.
Published: February 2018

Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease occurring 50–100-fold less often than colorectal cancer. This commentary describes similarities and differences between the two diseases and related results of recent clinical trials.
Design and construction of Loughor railway viaduct with semi-integral abutments
Authors: Ashworth Thomas , Young Chris
Published: February 2018

The new Loughor viaduct, a 220 m long seven-span twin-track semi-integral railway bridge over the Loughor estuary replaced a life-expired 18-span timber viaduct originally designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The focus of this paper is the design of the abutment pad foundations, which are semi-integral with the viaduct superstructure; that is, there is no moment continuity but viaduct expansion/contraction and traction and braking forces are resisted by the pad foundation soil–structure interaction. The viaduct substructure was sized to minimise deck longitudinal movements to allow rail expansion joints with 100 mm of allowable travel to be installed at each end of the bridge. Track–structure interaction analysis was carried out along with three-dimensional finite-element geotechnical modelling to ensure that the track rail stress remained within acceptable limits.
Stability and efficiency studies in the numerical simulation of cone penetration in sand
Authors: Fan S. , Bienen B. , Randolph M. F.
Published: February 2018

This paper evaluates the effect of analysis parameter choices on the stability and efficiency of modelling cone penetration into sand. This very large deformation quasi-static boundary-value problem is modelled here using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian adaptive mesh technique available within Abaqus/Explicit. The sand response is captured using a hypoplastic constitutive model. It is demonstrated that many choices of analysis parameters lead to spurious results, some of which show clear instability, while other combinations show reasonable stability but over-estimation of the cone resistance. The accuracy of the numerical solution is shown through comparison against centrifuge experimental data for two different relative densities of the sand.
Assessment of statistical homogeneity in chemically treated granular materials
Authors: Shahin G. , Cil M. , Buscarnera G.
Published: February 2018

This study uses statistical methods to examine the homogeneity of a chemically treated granular soil. Reactive solutions have been injected to promote mineral precipitation, thus generating solid deposits bridging the grains and occluding the pores. The analyses show that precipitation causes a rapid deterioration of the homogeneity. Such phenomenon was inspected by quantifying a statistical metric of homogeneity, as well as by mapping the spatial distribution of the degree of pore clogging. The results show that the loss of homogeneity was caused by localised precipitation at the inlet as well as by an asymmetric growth of mineral deposits along the transversal direction. On the one hand, these findings imply that a representative elementary volume cannot be rigorously defined. On the other, they stress the importance of chemical feedbacks on the microstructure of soils and suggest the need of stricter criteria to determine the minimum size of chemically treated specimens for laboratory testing.
Influence of surface texture on sand–steel interface strength response
Authors: Samanta M. , Punetha P. , Sharma M.
Published: February 2018

The surface texture of the interface material plays a significant role in the shear behaviour of soil–continuum interface. This study investigates the influence of surface texture of steel on the shear behaviour of sand–steel interface using different types of steel counterfaces with distinct texturing patterns. The patterns include concentric circular asperities, square-tiled surfaces with equally spaced individual asperities and ruled ribbed asperities oriented parallel, perpendicular and at an angle to the shear direction. The results show that the texturing pattern of the steel counterface significantly affects the shear strength of the sand–steel interface. The peak and residual interface friction angles for the sand–steel interfaces with different texturing patterns (with identical asperity height and spacing) varied from 26·6° to 37·5° and 14·2° to 28·7°, respectively. Moreover, the surface with ruled ribs/asperities inclined at right angle to the shear direction shows the maximum interface shear strength among all the texturing patterns tested. The findings presented herein are imperative for a realistic assessment of the performance of geotechnical structures involving soil–steel interaction.
The effects of precursors on rheology and self-compactness of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Kashani Alireza , Ngo Tuan D. , Mendis Priyan
Published: February 2018

The inefficiency of typical superplasticisers in geopolymer compared with Portland cement limits the design of a self-compacting concrete. This study investigated the rheology, reactivity and strength of a fly ash, slag and micro fly ash system without superplasticisers in order to find an optimum self-compacting behaviour. The particle size distribution was used to design a mixture of precursors with the highest packing density. The theoretical packing density based on particle size distribution was in close agreement with experimentally obtained packing densities. The effect of the width of the particle size distribution, as determined by the n value in the Rosin–Rammler function, on the rheology of the pastes was confirmed by a close agreement between the predicted yield stress and the experimental values. The initial setting time decreased with the increase in slag and micro fly ash. Finally, a geopolymer concrete was designed that meets the workability requirement of self-compacting concrete with comparable compressive strength without superplasticisers.
Meyer-Neldel Rule in Ac Conductivity of Cu Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: CAN Nursel , CAN ÖMÜR Birsel , ALTINDAL Ahmet
Published: February 2018

Ac charge transport mechanisms have been comparatively investigated in ZnO thin
films having different Cu dopant. A comparative study of the applicability of quantum
mechanical tunelling and correlated barrier hopping model to obtained ac electrical
conductivity results has been performed.
Comparing the temperature dependence of the frequency exponent shows that the correlated
barrier hopping model best describes
the experimental data on the ac conductivity in ZnO:Cu thin films. In order to
gain an understanding of the applicability of Meyer-Neldel rule, the dependence
of the thermal activation energy on Cu doping concentration in these films has
also been studied. The obtained experimental results indicated that
Meyer-Neldel rule can be succesfully applied ac conductivity data for highly Cu
doped films but not others which has been explained on the basis of
distribution variations in density of states.
Çoklu modül destekli enerji etkin akıllı kontrol sistemi
Authors: BAŞARAN Doğan , KARANFİL Büşra , TÜYSÜZ Burak
Published: February 2018

Akıllı
kontrol sistemleri, yönetimi altında olan birimlerin kontrolünü
kullanıcı etkisi olmaksızın gerçekleştiren sistemlerdir. Bu
işlemler çeşitli yazılımlar aracılığıyla donanımların
kontrol edilmesiyle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Günümüzde kullanılan
akıllı kontrol sistemleri, yeni binalarda sıklıkla uygulama alanı
bulmakla birlikte, görevleri genellikle konfor veya tasarruf amaçlı
olmak üzere farklılıklar göstermektedir. Hala gelişim evresinde
olan bu sistemler sayesinde günlük hayatta karşılaşılan birçok
probleme maliyet etkin veya kullanıcı yükünü azaltan çözümler
üretilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada akıllı kontrol sistemlerinin
kullanım alanlarının genişletilmesi ve bu sistemlerin
faydalarının artırılması için çoklu modül destekli bir akıllı
kontrol sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sistem kullanıcıya
birden fazla alanın aydınlatma, havalandırma ve iklimlendirme
kontrolü ve belirli olumsuz sağlık koşullarında devreye girerek
erken uyarı imkanı sağlamaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak, operatörün
geliştirilen grafik ara yüzünü kullanarak tüm modüllere hakim
olması ve verileri kontrol edebilmesi de sağlanmıştır. Bu
makalede geliştirilen çoklu modül destekli akıllı kontrol
sisteminin donanım ve yazılım bileşenleri tanıtılmış,
operasyon aşamaları anlatılmış ve sistem ile yapılan testlerde
etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Buna göre sistemin kullanılmasıyla 126
m3
hacimli ve günde ortalama 456,89 W/h enerji tüketilen bir çalışma
ortamında konfordan ödün vermeden enerjiden günde yaklaşık
%35,81 tasarruf sağlandığı belirlenmiştir.
In loco parentis: The adoption plot in Dutch-language colonial children’s books
Authors: Wesseling Elisabeth
Published: February 2018

This article analyzes the “adoption plot” in colonial children’s literature from the 1950s, which narrates how black children are socialized into Western civilization. Many children’s books about the colonies have been inspired by missionary stories dating from the 1900s about the conversion of black children. Children’s literature generalizes these stories into abstract symbolic structures that can be easily reiterated in other contexts. The enduring relevance of the adoption plot is not to be underestimated. We still tend to conceive of Third World children as essentially parentless and as such, up for adoption by First World citizens, as theimagery of international relief demonstrates.
A legal analysis in context: The Regulation of Gatherings Act – a hindrance to the right to protest?
Authors: Omar Jameelah
Published: February 2018

South Africa has seen a groundswell of protests in the past few years. The number of arrests during protest action has likewise increased. In June 2017 the Social Justice Coalition (SJC) challenged the constitutionality of the Regulation of Gatherings Act 205 of 1993 in the Western Cape High Court. This was an appeal from the magistrates’ court in which 21 members of the SJC were convicted of contravening the Regulation of Gatherings Act for failing to provide notice. This is the first court challenge to the constitutionality of the Regulation of Gatherings Act. Although the challenge was brought on restricted grounds, it highlights the Regulation of Gatherings Act as a sharp point of controversy. This article will consider the regulatory provisions and the extent to which they restrict the constitutional right to protest, particularly in light of the important role played by protest in South Africa’s constitutional democracy.
#Schools on fire: Criminal justice responses to protests that impede the right to basic education
Authors: Skelton Ann , Nsibirwa Martin
Published: February 2018

In recent years, schools have borne the brunt of protesters’ frustrations with the lack of access to services in South Africa. A 2016 investigative hearing by the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) explored the causes of the protests and examined the failure to prevent the destruction of school property. It found that no one was held accountable for the protest-related damage. This article explores the competing constitutionally protected rights of protest and education. Although the right to protest is central in a democracy, it must be exercised peacefully with minimal disruptions to the right to education. Protest action that causes destruction should be criminally sanctioned; however, action that impedes access to education through threats and intimidation is difficult to deal with in the criminal justice system. This article questions the applicability of section 3(6) of the South African Schools Act, which makes it an offence to stop children attending school, and considers the proposed amendments to the Act in light of these critiques. The article explores possible prosecution relying on the Intimidation Act, and finds that the Act is under constitutional challenge. The article concludes that the focus on prevention as contained in the SAHRC report is not misplaced, given the challenges in holding protesters accountable under criminal law.
Failing to respect and fulfill: South African law and the right to protest for children
Authors: Ally Nurina
Published: February 2018

Despite the historical and ongoing importance of protest as a vehicle for children to express themselves, current laws fail to protect and enable children’s participation in protest. More than two decades after the formal end of apartheid, a child may be subject to criminal processes for convening a peaceful, unarmed protest. This article highlights the importance of the right to protest for children and the obligation on the state to respect, protect and fulfil the right to protest, specifically taking into account children’s interests. Through a description of the Mlungwana & Others vs The State and Others case, the article highlights the manner in which the criminalisation of peaceful protest by the Regulation of Gatherings Act fails to take into account the best interests of children and violates the right to protest.
Securocrat repression and ‘Protest nation’ resistance
Authors: Bond Patrick
Published: February 2018

Review of:

Jane Duncan, The rise of the securocrats, Johannesburg, Jacana Media, 2014 (ISBN-10: 1431410756)

Jane Duncan, Protest nation: The right to protest in South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2016 (ISBN-10: 186914323X)
The production of monocytes and macrophages from human iPSCs v1
Authors: Santostefano Katherine , Taylor Jared , Terada Naohiro , Wallet Mark
Published: February 2018

This protocolis a modification ofa previously published method by Wilgenburg et al (PLoS One, 2013) to obtain monocytes and macrophages from induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) lines.
Computational techniques for designing new lead molecules in the process of drug discovery
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Begum Samiyara , Srivastava Hemant Kumar
Published: February 2018

Computational techniques are important in the field of drug discovery. These techniques are
generally categorized in two methods namely ‘structure-based’ and ‘ligand-based’ methods. The
present review discusses the theory of the most important methods, recent successful applications,
pharmacophore modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies. A
brief introduction of molecular docking methods and their development and applications in drug
discovery process is also included. Basic theories and fundamental techniques including sampling
algorithms and scoring functions are discussed.
Nonlinear study of heat transfer in nanofluid saturated horizontal porous medium
Authors: Srivastava Alok , Kumar Vineet , Bhadauria B. S. , Hashimt I.
Published: February 2018

The present paper deals with weak nonlinear stability analysis of heat transfer in a nanofluid
saturated porous layer. We consider a set of new boundary conditions for the nanoparticle
fraction, which is physically more realistic. The new boundary condition is based on the
assumption that the nanoparticle fraction adjusts itself so that the nanoparticle flux is zero on the
boundaries. We use Darcy model that incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and
thermophoresis. The governing equations has been reduced to Ginzburg-Landau equation and
solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The obtained results have been compared with
the numerical results obtained by Mathematica NDSolve. The results are valid for the feasible
domain with high accuracy. Thermal Nusselt number and Nanoparticle Nusselt number are
calculated for different values of parameters. The results have been depicted graphically.
Clinical study and management of small bowel perforation in a tertiary care teaching institute
Authors: R. Bhanuprakash K. , S. Aruna M. , Shetty Karan K.
Published: February 2018

Background: Small bowel perforation is one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies encountered in present study region. Late presentation makes them a diagnostic and treatment dilemma. The aim of present study was to determine the age, sex, incidence, etiological factors, clinical features and various surgical procedures for small bowel perforations and its complications in the setup.Methods: Present study is a prospective observational study of 100 cases, conducted in a single teaching institute from October 2015 to December 2016. Various data such as presentation by the patient, age and sex incidence, etiologies, pathological features, morbidity and mortality associated with the causation and management were evaluated, tabulated and assessed. By analyzing the data, common etiologies of small bowel perforation, the most appropriate modality of investigation, treatment, and complications associated with different methods of management and possible ways to prevent them were studied.Results: Among all small bowel perforation, duodenal perforation (70%) was the commonest cause of small bowel perforation followed by ileal (23%) and jejunal (7%) perforations. The most common causes of ileal perforation was typhoid (47.8%) followed by tuberculosis (13%) and traumatic (13%). Overall mortality in small bowel perforation was 15%, with ileal perforation (39%) showing higher mortality rate than duodenal perforation (8.5%). Wound infection, toxaemia, uraemia, hypotension, and respiratory complications were common complications, more commonly noted in cases of ileal perforation.Conclusions: The study showed that effective pre-operative management with adequate fluid resuscitation, immediate operative intervention and good post-operative care led to better outcomes in these cases. Hence timely diagnosis and prompt management is the gold standard for favourable outcome in patients with small bowel perforation.
Implementation of Performance-Based Budgeting: A Phenomenological Study on National Land Agency
Authors: Ruli Hartanto Miftah , . Busaini , . Animah
Published: February 2018

This study aims to describe the implementation of performance-based budgeting in the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of West Nusa Tenggara Province. This research was conducted by using qualitative research approach. The focus of research in this study is the implementation of performance-based budgeting in terms of budget planning, budget realization, performance evaluation, and reporting. The data used in this study include primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques such as observation, interview, and documentation study. The data in this research is analyzed using qualitative data analysis technique of interactive model from Miles and Huberman. The validity of the data obtained through triangulation test source. The results showed that in general, budget managers in the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of West Nusa Tenggara Province have understood the meaning of Performance Based Budgeting. However, so far they have not implemented Performance Based Budgeting properly because: (a) Unset and established strategic work unit level plan (b) frequent budget revisions due to incompatibility between annual work plans and actual circumstances (c) Control and evaluation system which is still weak (d) in terms of reporting performance only to meet formalities and administration.
Polish literature and the Konzentrationslager. The beginning
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz
Published: February 2018

In the article the author discusses the beginnings of Polish camp literature, more precisely: literature referring to the Nazi German concentration camps. For decades it was assumed that the earliest Polish texts of that type were published in 1945. It appears that the first works – reports and memoirs – were published before the outbreak of WWII. In this article, the author discusses them in the historical and historical-literary contexts (mainly in the context of German writings).
„Dziady" directed by Kazimierz Dejmek – an attempt at demythologisation
Authors: Popłonikowska Natalia
Published: February 2018

The author of the article attempts to recreate the famous staging of Dziady directed by Kazimierz Dejmek, in order to demystify the spectacle. The performance is analysed in terms of art, taking into account the political situation (March 1968). In order to establish the facts, the author uses an assistant’s script, the recollections of the witnesses of the release of Dziady and fragments of the performance. The reconstruction of the staging enabled the researcher to conclude that it was artistically valuable, but it was the political situation at the time that played the most important role in popularising that interpretation of the drama.
Evaluation and molecular characterization of advanced interspecific lines for genetic improvement in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet Pratap , Bains T. S. , Sirari Asmita , Kaur Satinder
Published: February 2018

The present study was undertaken to evaluate advanced interspecific lines of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] for yield and its components and to understand genetic diversity among these lines using microsatellite markers (SSRs). The experimental material consisted of 51 advanced interspecific lines developed from mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] ×urdbean [Vigna mungo L. Hepper] and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] ×ricebean [Vigna umbellata Thumb.] crosses and 13 parental lines (mungbean, urdbean and ricebean). A wide range of variability was observed for eleven yield and its component characters and many superior lines were identified. SSR markers synthesised from different Vigna species were used to assess genetic diversity in advanced interspecific lines along with their parents. The interspecific lines were converged into three main clusters while the parental lines were converged into three main and four sub clusters, depicting genetic diversity among them.
Approach to study of pigeonpea leaf webber [Grapholita critica (Meyr.)] damage dynamics and its relation to weather
Authors: Vennila S. , Paul Ranjit Kumar , Bhat M. N. , Yadav Satish Kumar , Kumar N.B. , Rachappa V. , Yelshetty Suhas , Chandra Puran , Sharma O. P.
Published: February 2018

Investigation of the published data of a field experiment on assessment of damage due to leaf webber (Grapholita critica (Meyr.)Torticidae:Lepidoptera) under seven different sowing periods at weekly intervals between June IV to August II weeks of 2013-14 at Gulbarga (Karnataka) and observations on leaf webber damage recorded on weekly basis between 32 and 42 standard meteorological weeks (SMW) was done to demonstrate appropriate analytical methodology for an improved understanding of seasonal dynamics of G. critica damage and its relation to weather. Approach to analyses included reporting of calendar (SMW) based observations of G. critica damage on crop age basis, one way ANOVA for testing differences in damage levels amongst sowing periods, SMWs and crop age besides description of relations of damage with crop age and weather variables. Seasonal damage levels of G. critica for sowing periods were non-significant but significant (P less than 0.05) across SMWs and crop age with reduced damage during early and late crop stages irrespective of sowing periods. Seven and four weeks of higher damage and the best fit of polynomial relations of second order in respect of crop age over calendar based periods signified crop stage dependent damage due to G. critica. While MLR revealed significant influence of all weather and crop age variables (R2: 0.79), non-parametric regression revealed that less than 30°C of maximum temperature and greater than 23°C of minimum temperature to be favourable for G. critica damage. Crop age and calendar based observations have their importance for an area wide and field basis management of G. critica respectively.
Ethical Implications of Rapid Whole-Genome Sequencing in Neonates
Authors: Givens Bell Susan
Published: February 2018

Using rapid whole-genome sequencing (WGS), an infant’s genome can now be sequenced in as little as 26 hours allowing for rapid diagnosis and precise, individualized management of monogenetic causes of disease. The potential for decreasing cost and valuable time to diagnosis along with pain and suffering is becoming a reality in the NICU. Coupled with rapidly developing technology is a need to explore the associated ethical implication.
On semi-compact and semi-Lindelof Quotient Radon measure manifolds and their intrinsic structures
Authors: Halakatti S. C. P. , Baddi Soubhagya
Published: February 2018

In this paper the invariance of Radon measure structure is studied on measurable semi-compact and measurable semi-Lindelof Quotient measure manifolds under measurable homeomorphism and Radon measure structure-invariant map to generate categories of measurable semi-compact and measurable semi-Lindelof Quotient Radon measure manifolds.
A Conceptual Model for Product Service System (PSS)
Authors: Pirayesh Amir Esmael , Seregni Marco , Doumeingts Guy , Zanetti Cristiano , Westphal Ingo , Hans Carl
Published: February 2018

Servitization or productization, indicating evolution from product to service economy or vice-versa, can be considered as a successful strategy to gain competitiveness based on novel combination of products and services. To decrease the risks of servitization and to support the sustainable development of its main outcome, being Product Service System (PSS), it is required not only to have a clear and common understanding of the core business and processes but also to share the same definitions on (PSS) concepts as the main outcome of servitization. For this purpose, managers could be supported by abstract models with a limited number and high ratio of known concepts in the early stages of PSS development. Through an extensive literature review on this subject, followed by a structured conceptualization approach and discussions with domain experts, this paper proposes a Conceptual Model (PSS-CM). To validate the results, PSS-CM and its elements were discussed in several iterations, from both academic and industrial points of view, in the frame of a European research project. In the frame of this project, a case study was also performed to illustrate the instantiation of PSS-CM.
Relative Velocity Measurement with Spectrometer and Its Integrated Navigation
Authors: Wang Zhonghua , Peng Yiming , Liu Jiu
Published: February 2018

In order to enhance the accuracy of the relative velocity measurement for the Mars explorer formation flight, we develop a relative velocity measurement method. In this method, the spectrometers at two Mars explorers are adopted to measure the starlight frequency shift and to estimate the velocity with respect to the star. Unfortunately, the instantaneous velocity of star can not be predicted accurately, which results in a large error in the velocity measurement. The difference of these two velocities, which does not include the proper motion of star, is the relative velocity between a pair of Mars explorers at the direction of the star. However, this navigation method can not work alone because of unobservability. To make the navigation system observable and improve the accuracy of both absolute and relative navigation for the Mars explorer formation flight, we combine it with X-ray pulsar navigation and the inter-satellite links, and propose an autonomous integrated navigation method with observability. In this integrated navigation scheme, the extended Kalman filter is adopted to deal with the relative velocity, the inter-satellite links and the pulse time-of-arrival, and estimate the absolute and relative navigation information for the Mars explorer formation flight. The simulation results demonstrate that both absolute and relative navigation accuracy of the proposed method are higher than that of the pulsar navigation, especially the relative one.
(Non-)Thermal Production of WIMPs during Kination
Authors: Visinelli Luca
Published: February 2018

Understanding the nature of the Dark Matter (DM) is one of the current challenges in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Knowing the properties of the DM particle would shed light on physics beyond the Standard Model and even provide us with details of the early Universe. In fact, the detection of such a relic would bring us information from the pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) period, an epoch from which we have no data, and could even hint at inflationary physics. In this work, we assume that the expansion rate of the Universe after inflationary is governed by the kinetic energy of a scalar field ϕ, in the so-called “kination” model. We assume that the ϕ field decays into both radiation and DM particles, which we take to be Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The present abundance of WIMPs is then fixed during the kination period through either a thermal “freeze-out” or “freeze-in” mechanism, or through a non-thermal process governed by the decay of ϕ. We explore the parameter space of this theory with the requirement that the present WIMP abundance provides the correct DM relic budget. Requiring that BBN occurs during the standard cosmological scenario sets a limit on the temperature at which the kination period ends. Using this limit and assuming the WIMP has a mass mχ = 100 GeV, we obtain that the thermally-averaged WIMP annihilation cross section has to satisfy the constraints 3.5 × 10−16 GeV−2 ≲ (σv) ≲ 1.4 × 10−5 GeV−2 in order for having at least one of the production mechanism to yield the observed amount of DM. This result shows how the properties of the WIMP particle, if ever measured, can yield information on the pre-BBN content of the Universe.
Karakterisasi Tanaman Tamarillo di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Djufry Fadjry , Limbongan J. , Lade Neli , Saranga Benyamin
Published: February 2018

Tanaman tamarillo (Chypomandra betacea Sent.) merupakan tanaman dataran tinggi yang telah tumbuh dan berkembang di beberapa daerah di Indonesia termasuk di daerah Toraja. Namun buahyang memiliki rasa manis agak asam ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan yang bergizi tinggi. Penelitian bertujuanmelakukan karakterisasi tanaman tamarillo yang tumbuh di tiga daerah pengembangan. Data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi penting untuk mengetahui karakter tanaman sekaligus membedakan kultivar tamarillo yang ada di daerah tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dan observasi langsung di lapangan mulai Maret –September 2014 di tiga daerah pengembangan yaitu di Kecamatan Sapan dan Kantun Poya di Kabupaten Toraja Utara, dan Kecamatan Sangalla di Kabupaten Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi batang, daun, bunga, dan buah serta kandungan gizi buah. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik sederhana dan analisis kekerabatan menggunakan Program NTSys 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tamarillo Toraja memiliki batang tegak, bentuk bulat, tinggi 2-5 meter, daun hijau tua, tipe datar, permukaan licin, menghadap ke atas. Bunga keunguan, jumlah 10-12 buah per tandan, dengan lima buah benang sari. Tipe buah rata, bulat lonjong, mentah warna hijau bergaris dan pada saat matang berwarna merah kecoklatan, produksi 10-15 kg buah/pohon/tahun. Kandungan vitamin C 30 mg/100 g, kadar gula 2,6%, kandungan sari buah 85%, kandungan total asam 1,4%, jumlah padatan terlarut dalam juice sebesar 12,35%. Hasil analisis kekerabatan dengan menggunakan 45 karakter ciri,  menunjukkan bahwa kultivar Sangalla dan Kantun Poya, demikian juga kultivar Sapan dan Sangalla memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang cukup dekat. Sedangkan kultivar Sapan dan kultivar Kantun Poya memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang jauh dengan sifat genetik yang berbeda
UKURAN MORFOMETRIK DAN MERISTIK PADA TRENGGILING JAWA (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) DARI PULAU SUMATERA, JAWA DAN KALIMANTAN
Authors: Takandjandji Mariana , Sawitry Reny
Published: February 2018

Trenggiling jawa (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) tersebar di pulau-pulau besar seperti Pulau Kalimantan, Sumatera dan Jawa serta  pulau-pulau kecil di sekitarnya.  Sebagai salah satu satwa yang dilindungi dengan status endangered, satwa ini  mengalami tekanan karena bernilai ekonomi tinggi, sehingga dilakukan kajian pengukuran morfometrik dan meristik  untuk  memudahkan identifikasi kelas umur dan asal usul trenggiling jawa hasil sitaan dalam penangkapan dan perdagangan illegal yang saat ini sedang marak. Pengukuran morfometrik meliputi panjang badan, panjang ekor, panjang kepala, panjang kaki depan dan belakang, panjang telapak kaki, lingkar kepala, lingkar badan, lingkar ekor, dan bobot badan.  Sedangkan pengukuran meristik meliputi jumlah jari, panjang cakar, sisik (warna, jumlah, bobot). Trenggiling jawa jantan dibandingkan betina umumnya memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dan lebih panjang. Menurut asal-usulnya, jenis satwa yang berasal dari P. Kalimantan memiliki badan paling besar dengan sisik berwarna kehitam-hitaman
KERAGAMAN PLASMANUTFAH PADI GOGO LOKAL SUMBA BARAT DAYA. NTT
Authors: Hosang Evert Y. , Bombo Yermias , Basuki Tony
Published: February 2018

Plasmanutfah padi gogo lokal NTT sudah pernah dikoleksi dan dievaluasi sebanyak 97 aksesi oleh tim peneliti Balai Besar Biogen Bogor pada tahun 1997 yang berhasil mengkoleksi 97 aksesi dari 19 kabupaten di NTT dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan koleksi dan karakterisasi oleh Pengkajian Teknologi (BPTP) NTT yang telah mengkoleksi 61 aksesi tanaman padi gogo lokal NTT dari 11 kabupaten di NTT. Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya adalah salah satu wilayah yang memiliki aksesi padi gogo yang terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 20 aksesi karena itu telah dilakukan karakteristik 20 aksesi dari Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya dengan menggunakan descriptor Standard Evaliation Sysrem (SES) IRRI 1996. Dari hasil karakterisasi ini disimpulkan bahwa terdapat variasi karakteristik agronomi dan fenotip yang sangat besar antar aksesi padi gogo lokal tersebut dan Karakter yang paling menunjukkan keragaman antar aksesi adalah bentuk permukaan daun, sudut daun bendera, warna pelepah daun, warna gabah, warna kulit arid an peoduktivitas padi. Berdasarkan kemiripan karakteristik yang dievaluasi, terdapat empat kelompok padi local Sumba Barat Daya. Karena itu menejemen pengelolaan plasmanutfah padi local di NTT maupun di tingkat nasional perlu dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan bijaksana sehingga keragaman padi gogo local yang ada dapat dipertahankan sebagai kekayaan untuk keperluan pembentukan varietas unggul di masa depan.
Ketahanan Galur Isogenik IRBBN dan Galur Harapan Padi terhadap Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Dominan pada Tanaman Padi di Indonesia
Authors: Yuliani Dini , Susanto Untung , Sudir Sudir
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The resistance genes in IRBB near isogenic lines (NILs) which was introduced from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) have been known. It could be used as source of resistance to the dominant Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotype in Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to evaluate IRBBN NILs and promising lines to the dominant Xoo pathotype in Indonesia i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII. Research was conducted at Sukamandi exprerimental field station in Subang, West Java, at dry seasons (DS) 2012 and wet seasons (WS) 2012/2013. The experiment was conducted following Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. The first factor were three pathotype Xoo that was pathotype III, IV, and VIII, while the second factor were 20 IRBB lines, 6 promising lines, and 6 refferer varieties such as Conde, Lusi, Logawa, Java 14, Angke, dan Inpari 1. The result showed that three isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 21, IRBB 50, and IRBB 52 were resistant to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII at DS 2012. At WS 2012/2013 was obtained five isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 52, IRBB 53, IRBB 54, IRBB 56, and IRBB 57 resistant to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII. IRBB 52 was consistently resistant to the three Xoo pathotypes in two cropping seasons. It could be recommended to be used as donor in developing new resistant varieties to bacterial leaf blight.

 

Abstrak

Galur isogenik IRBB introduksi dari International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) telah diketahui gen ketahanannya dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan terhadap patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) dominan di Indonesia. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan galur isogenik dan galur harapan terhadap patotipe Xoo dominan di Indonesia, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat pada musim kemarau (MK) 2012 dan musim hujan (MH) 2012/2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Faktorial Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tiga patotipe Xoo, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu materi yang diuji sebanyak 20 galur IRBB, 6 galur harapan padi, dan 6 varietas pembanding, yaitu Conde, Lusi, Logawa, Java 14, Angke, dan Inpari 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur isogenik IRBB 21, IRBB 50, dan IRBB 52 bereaksi tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII pada MK 2012. Pada MH 2012/2013 diperoleh lima galur isogenik IRBB 52, IRBB 53, IRBB 54, IRBB 56, dan IRBB 57 bereaksi tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Galur isogenik IRBB 52 konsisten tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII pada dua musim tanam. Oleh karena itu, galur tersebut dapat direkomendasikan untuk dijadikan tetua tahan untuk perakitan varietas tahan HDB.