bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skrining Kesehatan Lansia dan Kebutuhan Pelayanan Kesehatan Lanjut pada Kelompok Ibu Aisyiyah
Authors: Kusuma Nur Intan , Kurniawati Trina
Published: February 2023

Kesehatan wanita lansia menjadi penting untuk dipenuhi sebagai hak asasi manusia. Pelayanan kesehatan pada lansia dapat diberikan baik sebagai upaya promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif untuk menjaga kesehatan lansia agar tetap produktif dan sehat.  Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan status kesehatan lansia dan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan lanjut. Program pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan pemeriksaan tekanan darah, gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat, konseling, dan edukasi. Program dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022 pada pertemuan rutin Aisyiyah yang diikuti oleh 21 peserta. Pemeriksaan kesehatan dilakukan dengan tahapan anamnesa keluhan dan riwayat penyakit, gaya hidup, dan upaya pengelolaan kesehatan yang sudah dilakukan. Selain itu, sebagai pemeriksaan tambahan dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium sederhana (gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat). Hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah diperoleh rata-rata sistol dan diastole adalah 127,86 mmHg dan 78,10 mmHg. Hanya 4,8% peserta yang mengalami tekanan darah tinggi dan 14,29% peserta memiliki gejala koleterol tinggi. Sebanyak 19,05% disarankan dan teridentifikasi untuk memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan lanjut. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya peningkatan dukungan kepada lansia untuk menjaga kesehatan lansia dan memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan sebagai upaya modifikasi gaya hidup lansia.
Nephroprotective effect of Astaxanthin against radiotherapy via TAS, TOS (biochemical), TNF-α, CASPASE-3 (immunohistochemical), SIRT-1, P53 (molecular) pathway in rats
Authors: ERKILINÇ Gamze , BEDİR Mehmet , AYÖZGER Leyla Elif Özgü , DOĞAN Hatice Kübra , KARAKUYU Nasıf Fatih
Published: February 2023

Aim: To evaluate the effects of Astaxanthin (ATX), known for its antioxidant properties, on the kidneys of rats given radiation by biochemical measuring total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), immunohistochemically by Cas3 (Cysteine Aspartate Specific ProteASEs), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and molecularly by P53, SIRT (Sirtuin -1) pathways.

Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group): control, radiotherapy (RT), RT+ATX, ATX. ATX was given to rats at 4 mg/kg for 7 days. We evaluated to effect of ATX in rats’ kidneys damaged by RT by comparing all groups with TAS, TOS, Cas 3, TNF-α, and SIRT-1, P53.

Results: TAS levels were similar among the control, RT, RT+ATX, and ATX groups. TOS levels were significantly lower in the ATX group compared to RT, Control, and RT+ATX groups. Histopathologically marked hyperemia and in some kidneys, small hemorrhages were observed in the RT group. In addition, marked glomerular sclerosis was also detected in this group. With ATX, we observed significant improvement in the RT+ATX group. Immunohistochemically revealed increased Cas3 expressions, tubular cells in TNF-α expressions in the RT group. ATX treatment decreased Cas3 and TNF-α expression in the RT+ATX group. No Cas3 and TNF-α expression was observed in both control and ATX groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in SIRT-1, P53 values.

Conclusion: Astaxanthin was observed that it is a carotenoid that may benefit the recovery of tubular and glomerular cells in kidney damage after radiation, and it has positive effects on oxidative stress.
The Evaluation Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Infliximab Injection
Authors: KIVILCIM Muhamet
Published: February 2023

Objective
To evaluate toxicity of varying doses of Infliximab injecting intravitreally in rabbits. Infliximab, an FDA approved anti-inflammatory drug for Rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. It has been reported as an alternative or adjunct drug to chronic recurrent uveitis especially Behcet’s disease, Diabetic retinopathy and PVR

Materials and Methods
Twenty New Zeland albino rabbits were used for this study and divided into five groups (n=4 each). ARVO guidelines were followed in treatment of animals. The rabbits were injected intravitreally with, 0.125mg 0.250mg, 0.500mg, 1.25mg or 2.5mg Infliximab in 0.1 ml in one eye and 0.1 ml saline solution was used in the contralateral eye. All the animals were examined using indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination before intravitreal injection and at days 1,7 and 14. An ERG was performed before any treatment and at day 14. On day 14 the animals were euthanized. Histological preparations of the enucleated eyes were examined for retinal toxicity.

Results
We found no retinal toxicity up to 1.25mg groups according to ERG results and Histological signs. 1of 4 eyes in the 2.5mg group had some significant decrease in Electroretinogram and histological toxicity signs.

Conclusions
Infliximab injection up to 1.25 mg is nontoxic to the rabbit’s retina. Intravitreal injected Infliximab may be a useful treatment for Uveitis especially Behcet’s disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.
The Relationship Between Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count (MPV/ PLT) Ratio and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Serhat , BÖYÜK Ferit
Published: February 2023

Background/Aim: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio on the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) by comparing it with the control group.
Material and Methods: A total of 115 patients with peripheral artery disease as a result of lower extremity color Doppler ultrasonography examination in our hospital were included in the study as the patient group and 100 individuals without peripheral artery disease as the control group.
Results: History of coronary artery disease (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.009), hypertension (p<0.001) and smoking history (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the PAD group than in the control group. Serum glucose (121.27±25.66 vs. 104.81±34.77; p<0.001), MPV levels (9.99±0.79 vs. 9.04±0.7; p<0.001) and MPV/PLT ratio (0.041±0.07 vs. 0.037±0.006, p< 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in the PAD group than in the control group. Serum HDL levels (45.03±11.5 vs. 48.67±12.52 p=0.026) were significantly lower in the PAD group than in the control group. In multivariate analysis, age, MPV and MPV/PLT ratio were determined as independent predictors for peripheral arterial disease.
Conclusion: In our study, we found that MPV and MPV/PLT ratio were independent predictors of peripheral artery disease.
Comparison of Monocyte/Hdl-C Ratıos in Sub-Groups of Ischemıc Stroke According to Etiology
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Zahide Betül
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background/Aim:The increase in (MHR) values calculated by the ratio of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a parameter that has recently been evaluated as a measure of inflammation and oxidative stress.There are data associated with cardiovascular diseases and carotid artery pathologies.The aim of this study is to seek an answer to the question "Can MHR be a guiding parameter in the differentiation of these pathologies that are blamed in the etiology of ischemic stroke?"
Methods:The records of 200 patients with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and whose neurological examination, neuroradiological imaging and monocyte and HDL-C examinations were completed within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms were evaluated retrospectively. They were grouped according to the TOAST classification.Measured monocyte values, HDL-C values and MHR values obtained by monocyte/HDL-C ratio were analyzed statistically according to TOAST groups, comorbid diseases and gender.
Results:There was a statistically significant increase in MHR in male and in diabetics, without any statistically significant difference between TOAST groups in terms of MHR.
Conclusion:MHR is not an appropriate parameter to use in the estimation of these groups, as it does not show any difference between the subgroups of stroke depending on the etiology.
Some Algebraic Structure of Neutrosophic Matrices
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Humanities and Applied Sciences (khawlan) and Department of Foundations of Sciences, Faculty   of Engineering, Sana'a University. Box:13509, Sana'a, Yemen, Al-Odhari Adel M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigate some operations of algebraic structure of neutrosophic matrices related to indeterminacy real numbers.
Flexible Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes Amid the Pandemic
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-1507, krisculturajones@gmail.com, Isabela State University-Jones Campus, Barangay 1, Jones, Isabela, Philippines, Cultura-Sadang Kristine Mae
Published: February 2023

Understanding the phenomenology of flexible learning processes and learning outcomes in the context of the pandemic affecting college students at Isabela State University, Jones Campus, is the goal of this study. The study focused on 30 fourth-year students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture with a major in Animal Science and Crop Science, namely their flexible learning processes and learning outcomes. Due to some inescapable conditions including bad connections, financial concerns, and family issues, only 26 of the 30 enrolled students responded to the reflective journal. Thematic analysis was used to handle the data. Factors leading to the following topics in the content analysis: financial aspect, educational aspect, the personal aspect, emotional aspect, technological aspect, and moral aspect. With these factors, a suggested program was developed on the adaptable learning objectives and procedures during the pandemic. Keywords: Pandemic, phenomenology, flexible, learning outcomes, and aspects
Մոռացված մի էջ Եղ. Չարենցի գրական ժառանգությունից
Authors: Արիստակեսյան Ռուզաննա
Published: February 2023

Խորհրդային Հայաստանե թերթի 1928 թ. հունվարի 28-ի (թիվ 23) համարում տեղ է գտել Չարենցի մի նամակ, որը դուրս է մնացել ուսումնասիրողների տեսադաշտից։ Այն մի դրվագ է Չարենց-Վշտունի հակամարտության պատմությունից, որի արմատները խորանում են մինչև ,Երեքի դեկլարացիաե-ի շրջան՝ մինչև 1922-ի հունիս-հուլիս ամիսներ, երբ աղմկոտ շեփորահանդեսներից, գրական սուր բանավեճերից, դասախոսություններից, երեկույթներից, բյուլետենների հրապարակումից հետո ,Երեքե-ի գրական խմբակը պառակտվում է։ Պառակտման պատճառը անդամների (Չարենց, Աբով, Վշտունի) անձնական և գրական-ստեղծագործական տարաձայնություններն էին, ինչի մասին վկայում են նաև հուշագիրները (տե՛ս Աբով. ,Մի քանի համառոտ դրվագներ Չարենցի վերաբերյալ իմ հուշերիցե (,Հիշողություններ Եղիշե Չարենցի մասին…ե, Ե., 1961, էջ 127), Ալազան. ,Հուշերե, Ե., 1967, էջ 36, Նորենց. ,Հուշեր ևարձագանքներե, Ե., 1968, էջ 96)։ Չարենցը և Աբովը մեկնում են Մոսկվա՝ սովորելու, Վշտունին Երևանում հիմնադրում է պրոլետգրողների ,Մուրճե ամսագիրը, ապա նաև՝ Հայաստանի պրոլետարական գրողների միությունը և սկսում սուր, անզիջում պայքար Չարենցի դեմ։
A letter by Yeghishe Charents can be found in the newspaper “ Soviet Armenia” released on 28 January 1928 (issue 23), which has been left out of the sight of researchers. It is an episode from the conflict between Charents and Vshtuni, which roots deeply into the period of “The Declaration of Three”, until the months of June-July of 1922, when after the noisy presentations, heated literary debates, lectures, parties, newsletter publications, the literary group of “TheThree”disunited. The main reason for the disunion was the interpersonal and literary–creative disagreements among the members of the group (Charents, Abov and Vshtuni). Charents and Abov left for Moscow for studies, Vshtuni founded the proletarian writers’ journal ‘’Murch’’ (“Hammer”) in Yerevan, later the proletarian writers’ association, and started a sharp, uncompromising struggle against Charents.
В газете «Советская Армения» в номере от 28-ого января 1928-ого года (номер 23) своё место нашло письмо Чаренца, которое осталось вне поля наблюдения исследователей. Это – отрывок из истории противостояния Чаренц-Вштуни, чьи корни углубляются до периода «Декларации трёх», до июня – июля 1922-ого года, когда, после шумных труботоржеств, литературных острых дискуссий, лекций, вечеринок, публикации бюллетеней, литературная группа «Трёх» распалась. Причиной распада стали личные и литературно-творческие разногласия членов (Чаренц, Абов, Вштуни). Чаренц и Абов отправляются в Москву для обучения, а Вштуни становится основателем журнала пролетарских писателей «Мурч» («Молот»), а также основателем союза пролетарских писателей и начинает бескомпромиссную борьбу против Чаренца.
Նիկոլ Աղբալյանը՝ թարգմանության Տեսաբան և թարգմանիչ
Authors: Մանուկյան Արմեն
Published: February 2023

Հոդվածը նվիրված է նշանավոր գրականագետ, գրաքննադատ, մանկավարժ, հասարակական և պետական գործիչ Նիկոլ Աղբալյանի՝ գրական երկերի թարգմանությանն առնչվող խնդիրներին և կատարած թարգմանություններին: Իր գրական գործունեության հենց սկզբում երիտասարդ քննադատ Նիկոլ Աղբալյանը ցուցաբերել է գեղարվեստական ստեղծագործությունները քննելու-վերլուծելու արտակարգ տաղանդ ու վարպետություն, թարգմանական երկերի պարագայում՝ նաև դրանց թարգմանության որակը գնահատելու ունակություն՝ առաջ քաշելով մի շարք սկզբունքներ, որոնցով, նրա կարծիքով, պետք է առաջնորդվեին լավ թարգմանիչները: Քննադատը թարգմանիչներից պահանջել է հստակ պատկերացնել որևէ գրքի թարգմանության նպատակը, թարգմանել բարձրարժեք երկեր, հավատարիմ մնալ թարգմանվող երկի ոգուն և թարգմանել լավ հայերենով: Ինքը ևս, թարգմանիչ չլինելով, թարգմանել է մի շարք նյութեր, որոնք այս կամ այն առումով հետաքրքրել են իրեն և կարող էին օգտակար լինել հասարակության համար:
The article is devoted to the theory of translation of literary works of the famous literary critic, teacher, public and statesman Nikol Aghbalyan and his translations. At the very beginning of his literary career, the young critic Nikol Aghbalyan showed extraordinary talent and mastery in examining and analyzing works of literature, and in the case of translated works, the ability to evaluate the quality of their translation, putting forward a number of principles that he believed should guide good translators. The critic demanded that the translators have a clear idea of the purpose of translating the book, translate high-quality works, stay true to the spirit of the translated work, and translate into good Armenian. Not being a translator, he translated a number of materials that interested him in one way or another and could be useful for the society.
Статья посвящена теории перевода литературных произведений известного литературоведа, литературного критика, педагога, общественного и государственного деятеля Никола Агбаляна и его переводам. В самом начале своей литературной карьеры молодой критик Никол Агбалян проявил незаурядный талант и мастерство в изучении и анализе художественных произведений, в случае переведенных произведений он также проявил умение оценивать качество их перевода, выдвигая ряд принципов, которыми, по его мнению, должны были руководствоватся хорошие переводчики. Критик требовал от переводчиков, чтобы они имели четкое представление о цели перевода книги, переводили высокохудожественные произведения, оставались верными духу переведенного произведения и переводили на хорошем армянском языке. Не будучи переводчиком, он тоже перевел ряд материалов, которые так или иначе интересовали его и могли быть полезны обществу.
Հեքիաթի և վեպի սահմանագծին. Մեսրոպ Թաղիադյանի «Վեպ Վարսենկան»
Authors: Սողոյան Աստղիկ
Published: February 2023

Հոդվածը նվիրված է Մեսրոպ Թաղիադյանի ,Վէպ Վարսենկան…ե վեպի քննությանը։ Ստեղծագործությունը դիտարկվում է ժողովրդական հեքիաթի և գրական վեպի հարաբերակցության համատեքստում։ Խնդիրն ուսումնասիրելիս կիրառվել են կառուցվածքային և միֆաքննադատական մեթոդները՝ հենվելով Ջ. Քեմբելի կողմից առաջ քաշված հերոսի ճանապարհի մոնոմիֆի տեսության և Վ. Պրոպի դիտարկած գործառույթների վրա։ Կիրառել ենք նաև ֆեմինիստական մոտեցում՝ հղում կատարելով հերոսուհու ճանապարհորդության մասին Մ. Մուրդոկի տեսությանը։ Եզրակացվում է, որ վեպը կրում է ժողովրդական հեքիաթի ևեվրոպական վեպի ավանդույթները, որոնք համակցված են ստեղծագործության կառուցվածքում։ Արևելյան հեքիաթին բնորոշ դիպաշարին և կերպարային համակարգին զուգահեռ վեպում առանցքային է նաև պատմողի կերպարը, որ իրադարձություններին նայում է ներկայի դիտանկյունից՝ դրանք ներկայացնելով իր աշխարհայացքին ու ընկալումներին համապատասխան։
The article is devoted to the novel “Novel of Varsenka” by Mesrop Taghiadyan. The work is considered in the context of the correlation of a folk tale and a literary novel. When studying the problem, structural and mytho critical methods were used, based on the theory of the monomyth of hero’s journey, nominated by J. Campbell, and on the functions identified by W. Propp. I also applied a feminist approach, referring to M. Murdock’s theory of the heroine’s journey. It is concluded that the novel carries the traditions of the folk tale and the European novel, which are combined in the structure of the work. Along with the plot and heroes characteristic of an oriental fairy tale, the novel also contains the image of a narrator who looks at events from the point of view of modernity, presenting them in accordance with his worldview and perspective.
Статья посвящена роману Месропа Тагиадяна «Роман Варсенка». Произведение рассматривается в контексте соотношений народной сказки и литературного романа. При изучении проблемы мы использовали структурные и мифокритические методы, опираясь на теорию мономифа о пути героя, выдвинутый Дж. Кэмпбеллом и на функции выявленные В. Проппом. Мы также применили феминистский подход, ссылаясь на теорию М. Мердока о пути героини. Сделан вывод, что роман несет в себе традиции народной сказки и европейского романа, которые сочетаются в структуре произведения. Наряду с сюжетом и персонажами, характерными для восточной сказки, в романе присутствует и образ нарратора, который смотрит на события с точки зрения настоящего времени, представляя их в соответствии со своим мировоззрением и перспективой.
The CRG for Vascular Services
Authors: Pherwani AD , Sayers RD
Published: February 2023

The last decade has witnessed a number of changes in the delivery of vascular services nationwide. Vascular surgery attained speciality status in 2012, and is well recognised as an urgent and emergent speciality delivering time-dependent care for patients with aortic aneurysms, carotid surgery for stroke prevention and lower limb revascularisation for critical limb-threatening ischaemia. The National Vascular Registry (NVR), established in 2013, provides effective monitoring and reports on outcomes whilst also delivering a robust programme of quality improvement.1 The National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme was fully implemented in 2014,2 and this coincided with a move towards centralisation of vascular services to a network model of care with elective and emergency arterial surgery concentrated in arterial hubs. In 2013, NHS England took full responsibility for all specialised commissioning which included all arterial surgery. Over the years, major vascular policy decisions make reference to the Vascular Clinical Reference Group (CRG), yet few clinicians are aware of who these groups are, who they are accountable to and how they are involved in organising, reconfiguring, delivering and monitoring of vascular services in England.
What’s Real and What’s Fake : A Study on the use of Deep Fake Technology in Advertising
Authors: Diya Agarwal  , Dr. Soma Nath
Published: February 2023

According to the research "World Advertising Market: Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Potential and Forecast 2021-2026" by IMARC group, the global advertising industry is anticipated to reach US$ 875 billion by the year 2026, with a predicted CAGR of 5.2% between 2021-2026. The range of digital advertisements has expanded along with the use of mobile devices and the internet. With the rise of working women and tech-savvy, career-driven millennials, higher disposable incomes, and other changes in the 21st century, advertisers and marketers now have more target groups to choose from.
Due to the size of the advertising market and the rise in the volume of commercials, it is getting more and more difficult to capture them.
A frozen culture
Authors: Bagle Eyvind
Published: February 2023

Between 1850 and 1914, Norway was a major supplier of natural ice to Britain and western Europe. The blocks of ice were kept across time and distance. The cold energy of ice was transferred as it melted in cabinets and boxes. The natural ice industry had a composite range of end consumers in restaurants, ocean liners, food industries and pelagic fish trawlers. At the same time, natural ice was also a production industry, based on methods for natural resource extraction. This article argues that while macro preconditions and structural outlines are generally understood, there has been little exploration of the social or technological processes by which it came to be a source of wealth (for a few) and employment (for thousands). It singes out for attention one entrepreneur, Johan Martin Dahll, who between 1850 and his death in 1877 was crucial in shaping the industry in a Norwegian context.
Criticism of Contemporary Capitalist Education and Adorno’s Educational Vision as a Strong Alternative
Authors: Abdulrahman Abdullah Twana , Abdullah Hama Azad
Published: February 2023

Although criticism of culture and capitalist society forms a major part of Adorno’s work, his educational views and critical pedagogy make an important contribution to the philosophy of contemporary education, As the beginning of critical pedagogy go back to the Frankfurt School, specifically Adorno, the research analyzes Adorno’s criticism of contemporary capitalist education and strong alternatives from Adorno’s perspective, in different contexts, which is based on two questions, On the one hand, it explains how the instrumental reason and scientific played a role in human domination over nature since the beginning of the Enlightenment, and then criticizes this education how it played a role in the emergence of totalitarian and radical nationalist regimes that are at the forefront of human extermination is explained by the example of the Auschwitz essay, in this center both types of criticism are important for today’s education of humanity and the Kurdistan Region, because education in contemporary capitalist society has lost its essence and has become a fake education, half-education )Halbbildung(, The main question in the research is what are the strong alternative to pass this education? It is explained in detail, to educate an autonomous and critical individual.
The Role of Tourism Potential in Tourism Investment in Iraqi Kurdistan from (2007-2021)
Authors: Mohamad Ali Dunay , Qadir Ahmed Aswad
Published: February 2023

The research tagged with )Tourism components and their role in tourism investment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq( aims to show the components of tourism investment and the volume of tourism investment in the Kurdistan Region and its role in the local economy. For the period )20072021-(, the research reached a set of conclusions, including that the Kurdistan Region possesses natural and human ingredients for tourism investment with the continuous increase in tourism demand for it due to the security, political and economic stability that characterizes the Kurdistan Region, with the exception of the years )2014 to 2016(. ( due to the security and political turmoil in Iraq as well as the internal financial crisis, and the research reached a set of recommendations that in turn lead to an increase in tourism investment and the size of its contribution to the local economy in the Kurdistan Region.
Residential Structure in the City of Sulaymaniyah (A Study in the Geography of Cities)
Authors: Ali Hussain Bayan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to delve into the housing structure in the city of Sulaymaniyah, and due to the lack of data on the housing structure about the city of Sulaymaniyah, the researcher conducted a questionnaire process by distributing 150 forms regarding information about the housing structure in the city and they were randomly distributed in order to collect information about the status of the unit The housing units in terms of the area of housing units, the ownership of housing units and the density of housing of all kinds. The results of the re- search were also compared with some of the studies that studied the housing structure in some Iraqi cities. The results of the study were also compared with some planning standards or with the standards of the Ministry of Housing and Construction in Iraq, and in terms of The per capita share of the residential use area in the city of Sulaymaniyah amounted to (28 m²) per person in 2022, which indicates the high density of residential use. The Urban Planning Commission in Iraq has set the standard (50 m²) as a share per person of the space allocated for housing, as for the urban situation For the housing unit, which is very important to know the nature and size of the housing problem, it was found in the study area and according to the data of the field study that 24 % of the housing units are unfit for habitation for many reasons, including the lack of potable water, the lack of electricity, the absence of a sewage network, or because of the age of construction or because of the location of the housing unit is not suitable.The study also reached several recommendations, the most important of which is to build a database in statistical centers for information and data related to housing in order to improve the level of housing and also to follow a housing policy in order to provide appropriate housing for families and provide facilities for investors to establish housing projects for people with limited income.
Analyzing and Measuring the Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Economic Growth in Iraq for The Period (2004-2022)
Authors: Latif Majee Haawre
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the exchange rate on Iraq’s economic growth situation. It examined the exchange rate’s effect on GDP, GNP, and INF. An ex-post facto research design was used to collect secondary data from the Central Bank of Iraq and macro trends Statistical Bulletin from 1 January 2004 to 30 November 2022. Hypoth- esis analysis used Least Squares. Exchange rates affect GDP, GNP, and INF. As a result, GDP can be used as an essential basis for economic development, and the GNP is a vital factor for economic infrastructure to change people’s living conditions. The exchange rate positively and significantly impacted GDP, and the analysis sug- gests a significant association between the independent and dependent variables, except for GNP. The study rec- ommends that Iraq’s currency authority manage exchange rates in response to the U.S. dollar to boost economic growth. Price stability can also boost Iraqi economic growth, boosting the dinar’s value.
Contribution to the Historical Geography of Erbil Province in the Second Millennium BC
Authors: M. Ahmed Kozad
Published: February 2023

The historical geography of the Erbil Province in the second millennium BC remains obscure, although nu- merous inscriptional data –compared to other periods- exist. This article is an attempt to reconstruct the geo- graphical setting of the region in a specific short time, when king Šamšī-Adad I expanded his sway to the east Tigris region in the early second millennium BC. From this time we have data from Mari and Shemshara in which many GNs have been mentioned and this has been used as a basis to locate the cities, settlements, and routes mentioned.
Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Kabupaten Merauke Tahun 2013-2018
Authors: Rusianti Anita , Tjiu Hendrikus , Yasin Burhanuddin
Published: February 2023

Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik, pekerja atau buruh adalah semua orang yang bekerja di suatu perusahaan atau usaha. Tenaga kerja merupakan bagian penting dalam proses produksi suatu perusahaan. Informasi tentang tingkat pencapaian pendidikan saat ini merupakan indikator terbaik yang tersedia untuk tingkat keterampilan tenaga kerja. Pendidikan adalah salah satu penentu penting untuk menilai kemampuan suatu negara untuk bersaing dengan sukses di pasar dunia dan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi yang cepat secara efisien. Dengan bertumpu pada indikator pendidikan diharapkan mampu menciptakan tenaga kerja yang berkualitas sehingga penyerapan tenaga kerja dapat seluas-luasnya. Variabel tingkat pendidikan berkaitan erat dengan variabel kesempatan kerja dalam membantu mengurangi pengangguran dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah khususnya di Kabupaten Merauke. Sampel penelitian adalah data tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan tahun 2013-2018 yang telah terangkum di Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Merauke. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deduktif, yaitu didasarkan pada fakta umum, peristiwa konkrit, dan generalisasi yang memiliki ciri khusus. Dalam analisis penelitian ini penulis menggunakan perhitungan manual atau cara manual dengan menggunakan rumus atau rumus untuk menjawab, menarik kesimpulan dan mengambil keputusan berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan yaitu persamaan regresi linier sederhana untuk menguji hipotesis bahwa tingkat pendidikan memiliki berpengaruh positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Merauke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesempatan kerja dengan hasil regresi yaitu Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja = 12,514 + 2,42X.
Ay Yıldızın İzinde Kıbrıs ve Irak Türkleri
Authors: GALATA Yasin Cemal
Published: February 2023

Mezar taşları bir milletin kültürel genetik kodlarıdır. Türkler eski zamanlardan itibaren önem verdikleri mezar taşlarını geçmişten günümüze korumuş ve kollamışlardır. Geniş Avrasya coğrafyasındaki Türk mezar taşlarında Türk boy damgaları, Türk yazıtları, çeşitli ortak kültürel motiflerin yanı sıra ay yıldız sembolü de sıklıkla işlenmiştir.

Osmanlı idaresinin sona ermesiyle farklı zaman dilimlerinde katliamlara ve kültürel asimilasyona tabi tutulan Kıbrıs ve Irak Türkleri milli bir sembol olan ay yıldızlı mezar taşları aracılığıyla günümüze kadar korumuşlardır. İki farklı coğrafyada ay yıldızla işlenmiş ortak mezar taşları kültür birliğinin en önemli ispatıdır. Kıbrıs’ta 1950’lerde başlayan Türklere yönelik mezalime karşı milli duygular mezar taşlarına işlenmiştir. Irak Türkmeneli (Telafer, Erbil, Altunköprü, Kerkük, Tuzhurmatu, Tavuk, Mendeli)bölgesinde Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinden başlamak üzere yapılmış ay yıldız motifli mezar taşları günümüze kadar taşınmıştır.

Kıbrıs ve Irak Türkmeneli bölgeleri Türk Dünyasının iki önemli coğrafyasıdır. 2012 ve 2018 yıllarında Irak’ın Erbil, Altunköprü, Kerkük ve Tuzhurmatu şehirlerine, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’ne yapmış olduğumuz saha araştırmaları kapsamında elde ettiğimiz mezar taşlarında ay yıldız simgesi üzerinden iki farklı coğrafyanın ortak paydalarını sunacağız.
Serenity in The Here and Now: Bodhicitta From a Modern Buddhist Sage
Authors: Lardizabal Nilo
Published: February 2023

Bodhicitta is both sublime and practical. Sages have confessed to its rigor in terms of contemplation and study, but it never stopped them from pursuing it nonetheless. The philosopher-sage Thich Nhat Hanh was one who had a deep grasp of Bodhicitta which, due to his many experiences, have given it a twist of ancient and modern – yet all sacrosanct. The explanations therein may not even satisfy a Western philosopher, yet it need not be, because Thay’s (Hanh) discourse appeals from a flow of long-lasting Oriental training which is unique in itself. The exposition provided for us highlights Bodhicitta as the be-all and end-all of life, coupled with rigorous meditation and contemplation. He came to a point when all life becomes meaningless if he alone pursues a path to peace. To satisfy this, he had to deliberately suspend his Nirvana so as to teach the whole world of a life lived with Bodhicitta. The article is therefore both an exposition and a response. Thich Nhat Hanh did all for the love of humanity, to shed light on the dullness of purposelessness and despair. Now that the good news has been enunciated, how will the readers go forth? He issues a few practical tips, all in the effort of making Bodhicitta come “in the flesh.” Again, it will all depend on those who wish to take up the challenge to enjoy a life worth living.
Which Is the Oldest University? Revisiting the Conflicting Claims of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila and University of San Carlos, Cebu in Light of the History of Seminario (Mayor) de San Carlos of Cebu
Authors: Cartagenas Aloysius Lopez
Published: February 2023

The historical fact that the University of Santo Tomas in Manila is the oldest university in the Philippines if not in Asia has been contested by repeated claims of the University of San Carlos in Cebu City. While earlier studies by Villarroel, OP and De la Goza, CM have convincingly shown that the latter claim is wrong, this paper would nonetheless like to offer additional evidence and further clarifications. The earliest roots of the University of San Carlos in Cebu is not the Jesuit Colegio de San Ildefonso of 1595 but the Seminario de San Carlos which, under the Vincentian Fathers, began to admit lay students in 1867. The year 1867, not 1595 as claimed, appears to be the auspicious beginning of an educational institution that would later become a university.
Virtues are back in Fashion
Authors: McTavish, FMVD James
Published: February 2023

Often the goal of Christian moral life is viewed solely as avoiding sin. However with the revival of virtue ethics we are challenged instead to do good and become the best people we can be. This article explores some key concepts in virtue ethical theory drawing from a diverse range of thinkers both ancient and modern on the topic. Issues looked at include character formation, goal-oriented behaviour, importance of role models and the doctrine of the mean. The cardinal virtues as understood by St Thomas Aquinas are shown to be ever pertinent for our contemporary moral living. The revival of virtue theory with its goal of striving to be the best one can be is consonant with the universal call to holiness for all Christians.
Belgian Missionaries in 17th Century Marianas: The Role of Fr. Peter Coomans and Fr. Gerard Bouwens
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, de Viana Augusto
Published: February 2023

Belgians comprised some of the European missionaries who helped administer the nascent Spanish colony in the Mariana islands. The Christian mission there was founded by Fr. Diego Luis de Sanvitores in 1668 and the task of conversion of the natives to the new faith was entrusted to the Jesuits. Missionaries from Belgium added to those from other nations such as Italy, Germany and Moravia. They were chosen because of their ability to endure harsh conditions. The first decades of the Marianas mission was fraught with extreme difficulties most especially the resistance of the natives to the changes brought by Christianity. Two missionaries, Fr. Peter Coomans and Fr. Balthazar Dubois, paid with their lives while serving as missionaries in the Marianas. Despite the difficulties, they sowed the seeds of the Christian mission in the island and ensured the continued existence of the colony. Fr. Coomans and Fr. Gerard Bouwens played an important part in the islands as superiors in the Mariana Mission. Fr. Bouwens later made recommendations for good governance in the islands. An important role played by these two missionaries was that they recorded the history of the colony and recorded some important aspects of the culture of the native Chamorro people and the challenges faced by the mission including the serious challenges such as the martyrdom of fellow missionaries and the native rebellions which lasted until 1695. For his important role in serving the mission, Fr. Bouwens was hailed as its second founder.
The Considerad in the Religious Tradition of Panay
Authors: Abalajon Noel Vincent
Published: February 2023

This article aims to preserve and conserve a significant part of the culture of the people of Panay, which is constitutive and reflective of their identity as a people. Since the sixteenth century the town of Panay in the province of Capiz has been the cradle and bastion of Christianity in the island of Panay. It was the first town after Cebu that was evangelized by the Spanish missionaries who accompanied Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565. Today, this old town stands as a silent witness to the unfolding of Philippine history as seen in the famous Santa Monica Church, declared as National Historical Landmark in 1997 and National Cultural Treasure in 2004, and other surviving structures, which may be traced back to the Spanish Period. Aside from this built heritage, however, in the same town of Panay, a unique but less-known religious practice held every Good Friday during the Burial Procession of Jesus Christ (Procesión del Santo Entierrio) called Considerad, from the first words that begin each verse, which means “reflect” or “meditate,” offers a veritable witness to a religious custom introduced by the Augustinians in Capiz that has survived the vestiges of time. The Considerad is carried out by selected forty-six (46) young boys of the town of Panay, forming two lines and carrying bamboo poles with the symbols of Christ’s passion and death. It is accompanied by their recitation of prepared texts, alternately in Spanish and Hiligaynon, which exhort the Christian listener to contemplate on each instrument in the sufferings of Jesus Christ, from his betrayal to his death through crucifixion. Two parts comprise this study: the first part provides the historical background of the town of Panay and the province of Capiz from the precolonial to the Spanish times (1566-1898) in order to situate this traditional custom in its proper context; and the second gives its central treatment to the Considerad of Panay, a revisionist attempt on the part of the researcher to reconstruct its obscure origins from primary sources.
El “Baybayin” en el Archivo de Santo Tomás (Algo de Paleografia Tagala)
Authors: Santamaria, OP Alberto , Tangco, OP Belén
Published: February 2023

Two (2) complete documents on “Baybayin” or Tagalog alphabet from the Archives of the University of Santo Tomas bare 97 signatures and 15 notices transcribed and translated by the author. Written by Tagalogs, these documents show sufficient graphic illustrations originally taken and photographed by Prof. Dr. Jose L. del Rosario. There is only one (1) Filipino alphabet. Differences appear in the strokes, reasons of tastes, styles, pronunciation, localities and epochs. There are varied directions of writing: 1) from right to left; 2) from top to bottom putting first line at the left; 3) from bottom to top putting the first line at the left; 4) from bottom to top putting the first line at the right; 5) from left to right like those of the Spanish way. This last direction was very much generally adopted. Some letters were accidentally removed in documents analyzed years before and in unsatisfactory affixing of signatures which in some cases were done by several hands and in some writing direction the Chinese way.
GAUDIUM SACERDOTALE A Program for Priestly Renewal
Authors: Rojas, DD Jose
Published: February 2023

Established in 2007 by Archbishop Leonardo Z. Legaspi, O.P., this program of renewal for priests aims to assist priests who desire to rekindle their zeal and enthusiasm in their priestly life and ministry. The Archdiocese of Caceres used to send priests to different centers of priestly renewal in the country until this renewal program was conceptualized. Prior to this, the Archdiocese had sent two of its priests to take part in the CBCP-sponsored Assist Ministry Program for Priests in the hope that upon returning, they could initiate themselves a similar program of renewal as part of the continuing formation of priests in the Archdiocese. Nothing to this effect, however, immediately materialized until then Auxiliary Bishop of Caceres, Bishop Jose R. Rojas, organized a team of committed talk-givers, spiritual directors, guidance counselors and psychologists, including those priests who had been trained by the Assist Ministry and the graduates of other renewal programs elsewhere in the country. Bishop Rojas subsequently formulated a program which he named Gaudium Sacerdotale, drawing inspiration from the title of the book, “The Joy of Priesthood”, written by Stephen Rosetti of Saint Luke Institute in Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A. The content, however, of this program does not necessarily reflect the philosophy behind the programs offered by the American-based institute. The first batch of Gaudium Sacerdotale participants included ten priests of the Archdiocese of Caceres. Since then, Gaudium sacerdotale has evolved from being an archdiocesan to a regional program of renewal for priests in Bicol. The program is now on its fourth year of implementation. (F. Tordilla)
Jesus the Perfect Communicator
Authors: McTavish, FMVD James
Published: February 2023

Jesus is considered as the ‘Perfect communicator,’ the one who perfectly communicated the love of the Father to us. It was in prayer that Jesus entered into communion with his Father, receiving the very life and love he needed to transmit. Our Lord also made good use of multi-sensorial communication, not merely announcing with his lips, but with his whole life. He spoke the language of the people so that they could better receive his message and persevered in announcing the truth despite various oppositions. We see these aspects present in the lives of the Church Fathers: St Gregory of Nazianzus (prayer), St Augustine (the use of the five senses), St Gregory the Great (talking the language of the people) and St John Chrysostom (speaking the truth). The task of communicating the Good news has been entrusted to the whole Church. These aforementioned elements of good communication, namely prayer, being multi-sensorial, with adapted language and persevering in truth despite contradictions and challenges, can help in our mission of communicating the Gospel to the contemporary world of today.
PREVALENSI PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS OEKABITI KECAMATAN AMARASI KABUPATEN KUPANG PERIODE 2017-2020
Authors: Susilawati Ni Made , Octrisdey Karol , Fransiska
Published: February 2023

Tuberkulosis paru (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Pada tahun 2018 kasus TB Paru di Nusa Tenggara Timur mengalami peningkatan sebesar 6.833 kasus dan Kabupaten Kupang sebesar 3,212%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi kasus TB paru di Puskesmas Oekabiti Kecamatan Amarasi Kabupaten Kupang Tahun 2017-2020 berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, pemeriksaan dahak BTA, rontgen, jenis pasien dan alamat tempat tinggal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian tahun 2017 terdapat prevalensi penderita TB paru sebanyak 2,85%, tahun 2018 sebanyak 2,62%, tahun 2019 sebanyak 1,6%, dan tahun 2020 sebanyak 0,91%. Hasil pemeriksaan apus dan rontgen positif sebanyak 70 orang (8%) dan negatif sebanyak 805 (92%). Hasil pemeriksaan sputum smear tertinggi adalah hasil sedikit (1,5%), dan hasil pemeriksaan terendah positif 1 dengan total 0,22%. Terdapat 4,7% jenis kelamin perempuan dan 3,31% jenis kelamin laki-laki, 3,65% usia tidak produktif, 1,6% usia tidak produktif dan 2,74% usia produktif. Pada pasien tipe baru ada 7,31%, pasien tipe relaps 0,6%, dan pasien tipe lain 0,1%. Berdasarkan wilayah tempat tinggal 8 desa dan 1 Kelurahan, penderita TB paru tertinggi berada di Desa Kotabes yaitu 1,6%. Prevalensi penderita TB paru dari tahun 2017-2020 mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Penderita TB Paru paling banyak ditemukan pada wanita dengan hasil BTA negatif tertinggi, pada usia tidak produktif dengan jenis penderita baru terbanyak terdapat di Desa Kotabes.
Food Safety And Hygiene Practices Among Food Handlers Involved In School Feeding Programme In Kaduna State, Northwest, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Gombe State  University/FTH, Gombe, Nigeria., Danimoh Mustapha Abdulsalam , Etukudo Joshua Akwaowo , Mohammed Amina , Difa Joshua Abubakar , Ainavi Isah Idris , Odunze Pius , Manga Mohammed Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Background: Poor knowledge and practice of basic food hygiene among food handlers pose a risk of outbreak of food-borne diseases. This could cause morbidity and impede the government’s effort to improve the nutritional status of pupils in public schools. The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and practice of basic food hygiene among food handlers involved in the ongoing school feeding programme as well as determine the food profile being served. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 177 food handlers, selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a well-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square) was used to determine the association between knowledge of food hygiene and food safety practices. Statistical significance was determined at P-value of ≤0.05. Results: All the respondents (100%) were females, with a mean age of 31.3±8.9 years. Many (41.4%) of the food handlers had less than a year’s experience in food catering services. About two-thirds (67.0%) had at least primary school education. More than half of the respondents (57.6%) had good knowledge of food hygiene, although there were deficiencies in some key areas of food hygiene, while 60.5% had poor self-reported practice of food hygiene. Respondents' knowledge influenced practice with a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of food hygiene and food safety practices. While vegetables and fruits were also provided to the students in order to supplement their vitamin intake, the meals offered were high in carbohydrates, protein, fats, and oil. Conclusion: The high level of knowledge of food hygiene did not translate to basic food hygiene practices. It is, therefore, imperative for the State and local government authorities to organize more training programmes to educate the food handlers on food hygiene practices and the danger of food-borne disease outbreaks.
Sociological Study Of Illness Behaviour Of The Elderly People In Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Hassana Yahaya , Anas Nasiru
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite the growing research interest in health-related problem among the elderly people in Nigeria, not much have been done on the sociological study of illness behaviour among the elderly people in the country. Elderly persons, especially those 60 years and older, have been found to be the greatest consumer of medical resources worldwide and the majority of them suffer one ailment or another. Objectives: To determine the role of the family in the provision of medical support to the elderly people in Gombe metropolis, to determine the type of illness affecting the elderly people in Gombe metropolis and to determine the psychological consequences associated with illness affecting the elderly in Gombe metropolis. Methodology: The study was conducted in Gombe metropolis. Three hundred and eighty-six (386) elderly persons were selected from the total population of 91,139 elderly persons in the metropolis. Questionnaires were distributed to the selected respondents with the aid of the research assistants and the data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: The age distribution showed that 43.8% of them were between 61 and 65 years and only 7.7% were aged 76 years and above. The majority (54.4%) of the elderly report illness when they don’t feel well, 72.0% of the elderly reported their illness to their spouses and 62.2% resorted to contacting physicians/Nurses whenever they are ill. Nearly half of the elderly (50.3%) did not believe they had a long-term medical condition and the major illness affecting the elderly were Diabetes mellitus (49.7%) and Hypertension (20.2%). Up to 59.6% of the elderly had financial difficulties in managing their illnesses/diseases and only 33.7% paid their medical bills themselves. Conclusion: Spouses are the major support of the elderly, and the majority of the elderly seek medical health from the hospitals when they are sick. The commonest morbidity among the elderly is Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. There is the need for provision of free health insurance coverage for the elderly in Gombe.