bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of beet fibers on the properties of elk meat semi-finished products
Authors: Zaсhesova Inessa , Kolobov Stanislav , Shagaeva Natalia
Published: November 2020

When developing the technology of meat products with dietary fiber, the question arises of the need to obtain optimal consistent and organoleptic characteristics, that is, specific values of the structural-mechanical, functional-technological parameters of these products, objectively reflecting the consistency. This article is devoted to the results of a study of organoleptic quality indicators, functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of chopped semi-finished products (cutlets) from elk meat with the addition of beet fibers (fiber). As the material for the study, we used samples of chopped semi-finished products without and with the addition of beet fibers (fiber) instead of bread in the amount of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. In the process of work, generally accepted methods of researching the organoleptic, functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of meat products were used. Studies have led to the conclusion that the properties studied depend on the amount of fiber added and the higher its content, the higher the yield of the product, but lower sensory and strength indicators of quality. Replacing 50% of bread with beet fibers is optimal from the point of view of forming the consistency and taste of the product, and also contributes to its enrichment with dietary fiber.
Substantiation of biotechnological approaches to creation of food systems "mixture for baking pancakes" of increased biological value
Authors: Bibik Irina , Agafonov Igor , Dotsenko Sergey
Published: November 2020

Numerous scientific studies have established the incompleteness of wheat flour proteins. In this regard, numerous attempts have been made to increase the biological value of proteins by creating appropriate flour composite mixtures using, as a rule, secondary raw materials obtained in the production of cereals and cereals products. Analysis of literary sources, as well as practice and author's research show that to increase the biological value of wheat and other types of flour, a soy flour component can be used by obtaining flour compositions on their basis. As a working hypothesis, it was assumed that an increase in the nutritional and biological value of mixtures for baking flour products in the form of semi-finished food concentrates is possible and expedient by using shell-cotyledon and germ-cotyledon flour obtained from secondary soybean raw materials obtained using units of the KPSM-850 type. Along with the increase in the biological value of such mixtures, their composition contains vitamin E in the range of 4-5 mg/100 g, as well as other essential micronutrients. The introduction of such additional components as meat and liver powder into the composition of semi-finished food concentrates of flour products made it possible to obtain products of this range with high nutritional and biological value.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts β-glucan influence on wheat dough rheological properties
Authors: Marukhnenko Sofya , Gerasimov Anton , Ivanova Vera , Golovinskaia Oksana , Antontceva Ekaterina , Pokatova Olga , Morozov Artyom , Shamtsyan Mark
Published: November 2020

Yeast β-glucan is a promising biologically active polysaccharide for developing mass consumption functional food. This research uses the method to obtain β-glucan-containing preparations from cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and studies the effect of the resulting concentrate on the rheological properties of wheat flour dough and the quality of finished products. During the analysis, both traditional and modern methods were applied to determine the rheological indicators of the flour and dough quality. The introduction of a concentrate obtained from the residual brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the dough causes no significant effects on the characteristics of both semi-finished products and finished products. This opens new prospects for using yeast β-glucans as a functional additive in the development of bakery products.
Modern environmental problems of the Kyzylorda region: challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Alimbaev Тurgai , Mazhitova Zhanna , Bogenbayeva Assemgul , Omarova Bibizhamal
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the environmental problems of the Kyzylorda region associated with the industrial enterprises’ activities in the region. The article notes along with economic growth in the mining industry, which is one of the main sectors of the regional economy, the level of pollution in the surrounding ecosystem is increasing. On the one hand, the authors are convinced the growth of the economic potential in the mining industry, space activities and the transition to market mechanisms for the economy development have generated a major growth in the potential of the region turning it into one of the largest developed regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the other hand, an increase in industrial production without taking into account the ecological characteristics of the region with an increase in deformations of sectoral proportions and socio-economic structure, anthropogenic impact on the environment gave rise to a crisis in the regional ecology. According to the authors, reducing the harmful impact of the Baikonur complex on the environment, preserving the Aral ecosystem, competently using the historical experience of irrigated agriculture, as well as work in the field of environmental awareness and education of nature users will create a favourable environment for a significant improvement in the environmental situation in the region.
Assessment of macroeconomic and ecological security of Vietnam in the current period
Authors: Mai Huong Le Thi , Quang Vang Dang , Tien Thinh Bui
Published: November 2020

The article highlights the state of financial security in Vietnam in the period of 2000 - 2018. Based on secondary data collected from agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the State Bank of Vietnam Nam and based on four groups of indicators measuring financial security, namely the wealth level of the people, namely the wealth level of the people, economic scale and level of development, Prospects of economic growth, Economic stability. The research results show that before 2007, the level of integration of the economy was still low, so the financial security indicators were supported by the national debt situation, the ratio of high bad debt, High budget deficit, ineffective financial and monetary monitoring activities have not contributed much to security, and these indicators are quite low when compared to other countries in the region.
Priorities in labor motivation of young agricultural scientists
Authors: Pichugin Yuri , Lobeyko Yuri , Zritneva Elena , Ivashova Valentine , Pashtaev Bulat
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of the study of priorities in the field of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists. A review of publications on labor motivation shows that important areas of research are the definition of priorities among internal and external motives and their study in segmentation by age and spheres of activity. Therefore, the determination of the priorities of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists is of great scientific and practical interest. We studied the motives of effective research and teaching activities of young employees on the example of a sociological survey conducted on the basis of Stavropol State Agrarian University. Using SPSS Statistics (version 21) software package and a unique mathematical apparatus, the priorities of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists were established. From the point of view of theoretical significance, the presented materials make it possible to use the research algorithm in such situations. The practical significance of the research results lies in the formation of an information base for strategic management of personnel processes in organizations of agricultural education.
Evaluating the effectiveness of mergers and acquisitions for agribusiness companies
Authors: Aleksandrov Igor , Fedorova Marina , Parshukov Aleksey
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed at improving the efficiency of evaluating mergers and acquisitions for companies in the agro-industrial complex. When evaluating these transactions, it is necessary to take into account their impact on the environment. The paper analyzes the problems associated with the evaluation of these transactions and identifies ways to improve the evaluation methods. The authors ' approach to evaluating acquisitions based on the assessment of changes in the company's potential is intended to improve the accuracy of the assessment and reduce the risks of revaluation of discounted cash flow from acquisitions. Assessment of potential changes as a result of the implementation of integration projects will allow assessing the economic impact of takeover options, taking into account the environmental consequences for the territory. The proposed approach is aimed at more accurate accounting for changes in intellectual capital of the combined company as a result of integration. Rationalization of the evaluation of the effectiveness of acquisitions will allow owners and management of agro-industrial companies to reduce the risks of making ineffective decisions.
Influence of quench rate on multi-stage ageing of AA6014 alloy
Authors: Yang Zi , Jiang Xiaohe , Zhang Xingpu , Liu Meng , Liang Zeqin , Leyvraz David , Banhart John
Published: November 2020

The influence of quench rate after solution heat treatment on the microstructure in the as-quenched state and subsequent ageing kinetics of alloy AA6014 was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and hardness measurements. Various ageing temperatures and stages were taken into consideration. Consistent with previous studies, we found that solute and vacancy supersaturation decrease during slow quenching due to precipitation and annihilation, respectively. Additionally, we observed cluster formation during cooling below 200 °C. As for the influence on ageing behaviour we observe different behaviour for high and low ageing temperature: Artificial ageing is more affected than pre-ageing and natural secondary ageing. The detrimental effect of natural ageing on paint-bake hardening also depends on the quench rate. Possible interpretations are associated with cluster formation during natural ageing and also during quenching. The influence of pre-ageing at different temperatures on subsequent ageing kinetics is similar for slower industrial-type quenching and for fast quenching, thus allowing to apply the findings from idealised quenching conditions to situations closer to real application.
Effect of processing parameters on the formability of recycle friendly AA5754 alloy
Authors: Das Sazol , Heyen Matthew , Ho John , Son ChangOok
Published: November 2020

AA5xxx series Al-Mg alloys possess good combination of high specific strength-to-weight ratio, formability and corrosion resistance, which makes them attractive to the automakers for their light weighting needs. Increasingly the automakers are demanding sustainable materials. Developing aluminum alloys with increased recycled content is becoming imperative. However, increasing the recycled content can negatively impact the overall formability and joinability of the alloy. Formability is important in the shaping of complex parts and it is a key requirement in automotive manufacturing. Similarly, the other key requirement for automotive sheet is joinability. Self-piercing riveting (SPR) technology is increasingly being used for joining. In this study, the process optimization of high recycle content AA5754 alloy’s for formability and rivetability will be discussed. Controlling the annealing heat treatment to produce optimum combination of grain size along with balanced recrystallized and rolling texture to improve the SPR joint configuration will be presented.
Study of Recrystallization Kinetics of 1565ch Aluminum Alloy during hot deformation
Authors: Yashin Vasiliy , Drits Alexander , Aryshenskii Evgenii , Latushkin Ilya , Chitnaeva Ekaterina
Published: November 2020

The present study addresses recrystallization process in Al-Mg-Mn-Zn-Zr system alloy samples. The samples are collected from cast ingot, produced by casting to industrial DC mold, and homogenized based on standard industrial practice. After that the samples were rolled with different hot rolling schedules. Rolled samples were annealed at different temperatures and their resultant microstructure was examined using optical microscope. During the study new grains nuclei generation rate and their growth rate were determined, analytical records, describing recrystallization kinetics, were obtained, main differences, specific to this alloy recrystallization in 350 ºС-450 ºС temperature range, were identified.
Texture formation process of 6063-type aluminium alloy during hot extrusion
Authors: Araki Masahiro , Matsuda Kenji , Lee Seungwon , Tsuchiya Taiki , Ikeno Susumu
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the texture formation process of A6063 alloy hot extruded material using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. The cube component that becomes the main orientation during hot extrusion was formed near the bearing inflow in the extrusion chamber and grew with continuous recrystallization. The Goss component with the same ED // <100> relationship as the cube component was not formed in the chamber or the bearing but was formed by discontinuous recrystallization after passing through the bearing. The TD // <111> orientation component of the surface layer was formed in the bearing and then grew with discontinuous recrystallization. However, because the internal cube and Goss components expanded preferentially, the surface layer TD // <111> components were replaced by the cube and Goss components after passing through the bearing. The cubic texture formation of extruded aluminium alloys is noted to be analogous to the formation of rolling sheet materials, formed by recovery and recrystallization from a plane strain deformation structure. However, for the A6063 alloy extruded under conditions close to industrial production, the cube components were mainly formed by recovery and continuous recrystallization.
Single track scanning experiment on the hypereutectic aluminium alloy Al-8%Zn-7%Ni-3%Mg
Authors: Shurkin Pavel , Akopyan Torgom , Prosviryakov Alexey , Komissarov Alexander , Korotkova Natalia
Published: November 2020

Solidification path, hot tearing susceptibility and processability by L-PBF of the hypereutectic aluminium alloy Al-8%Zn-7%Ni-3%Mg were investigated. It was shown that the alloy has an advantageous hot tearing resistance due to formation of an adequate amount of the [(Al)+Al3Ni] eutectic and a reduced effective solidification range. In that sense, it may be valid for L-PBF. To prepare a feedstock for L-PBF, we produced chips which were subsequently grinded by high-energy ball milling into a 100 µm fine powder batch. The powder contained irregular shape particles that may have led to failure in fabrication of regular single tracks at a laser power of 170-250 W and scanning speed of 200-350 mm/s. Whilst from on-top view all the tracks had defects like balling and irregularity, their cross-sections also revealed a high degree of penetration into 5052 alloy substrate. Most structures showed a level of mixing of 5/1 between the substrate and the experimental alloy. The most successful track obtained at 250 W and 250 mm/s showed an inhomogeneity in distribution of the alloy-rich regions. Meanwhile, no defects and no primary Al3Ni phase were observed. The present study serves as an initial one for further research which may be focused on producing of a finer powder, assessment of different layer thicknesses and fabrication of bulk specimens.
Correlation between TEM, SAXS and DSC to investigate the influence of SPD on precipitation mechanisms of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
Authors: Duchaussoy Amandine , Deschamps Alexis , Sauvage Xavier , De Geuser Frédéric , Horita Zenji
Published: November 2020

This study allowed to understand the influence of severe plastic deformation by High Pressure Torsion (HPT) on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy and more especially the influence on precipitation mechanisms thanks to the correlation between DSC, SAXS and STEM data. A shear strain of γ ≈ 200 was first applied to the alloy. This deformation leads to nanostructuration, creation of high density of defects but also solute segregation to boundaries and dynamic precipitation. These specific microstructural features give rise to an acceleration of precipitation kinetics during heat treatments but also to a lower precipitation temperature and a modification of final precipitates size distribution as compared to the un-deformed alloy.
Advanced imaging and simulations of precipitate interfaces in aluminium alloys and their role in phase transformations
Authors: Zhang Zezhong , Bourgeois Laure , Zhang Yong , Rosalie Julian M. , Medhekar Nikhil
Published: November 2020

Precipitation is accompanied by the formation and migration of heterophase interfaces. Using the combined approach of advanced imaging and atomistic simulations, we studied the precipitate-matrix interfaces in various aluminium alloy systems, aiming to resolve their detailed atomic structures and illuminate their role in phase transformations.
Bénéfice clinique et coût des traitements anticancéreux
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: November 2020

A detailed analysis of the clinical benefit for 47 approved cancer drugs, using two internationally recognized assessment systems, shows essentially no correlation between clinical benefit and weekly treatment costs. This is true both in the USA and in four European countries, although prices are dramatically lower in Europe.
Restauration de la vision: Science-fiction ou réalité ?
Authors: Picaud Serge , Sahel José-Alain
Published: November 2020

Les prothèses visuelles ont pour objet de redonner une vision utile aux patients devenus aveugles. Cette vision utile doit leur permettre de retrouver une autonomie dans la société pour leurs déplacements, la reconnaissance des visages ou la lecture. Plusieurs prothèses rétiniennes ont déjà obtenu l’autorisation de mise sur le marché pour les dystrophies rétiniennes alors qu’un nouveau dispositif est en essai clinique pour la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge. D’autres prothèses, notamment corticales, sont en essai clinique pour les neuropathies optiques (glaucome). Des stratégies alternatives, comme la thérapie optogénétique, ont également atteint le stade des essais cliniques. D’autres ont été évaluées sur les rongeurs, attendant leur validation sur le gros animal. Revoir devrait donc prochainement devenir une réalité pour de nombreux patients, même si cette vision ne sera ni aussi étendue, ni aussi parfaite que la vision naturelle.
Development of Molecular Complexity through Nitrene-Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by Copper and Silver Scorpionate Complexes
Authors: Díaz-Requejo M. Mar , Pérez Pedro J. , Rodríguez Manuel R.
Published: November 2020

For years, metal–nitrene-transfer reactions have been mainly directed toward C=C bond aziridination or C–H bond amidation reactions. In the last decade, multiple efforts have been made to develop new synthetic approaches to expand the applicability of this powerful tool, resulting in the synthesis of complex structures from relatively simple starting materials. Here, we present our contributions to the area with several novel and, to some degree, unexpected transformations developed by our research group. The catalysts for these nitrene-transfer reactions are copper or silver complexes bearing hydrotrispyrazolyl (scorpionate) ligands. These transformations have contributed to an expansion of the scope of organic compounds accessible by nitrene-transfer reactions and to an understanding of the reactivity of metallonitrene species toward the oxidation of less-explored organic substrates.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridines from Furans

3 Regio- and Stereoselective Aziridination of Dienes

4 Chemoselective Synthesis of Aminimides from Amines

5 Synthesis of Sulfinamides and Isothiazoles from Alkynes

6 Formation of Azetidines and Methylene Aziridines from Allenes

7 Conclusion
Neugestaltung des Krankenhauswesens: Qualität und Patientenorientierung
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: November 2020

In den Sozialwissenschaften herrscht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass die Generationenidentität bedeutsam ist.
Corona-Pandemie: Steigende Fallzahlen, ausreichend Betten
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: November 2020

Die Zahl der Corona-Neuinfektionen steigt seit Anfang Oktober rasant, die lang befürchtete zweite Welle ist nun endgültig da. Deutschlands Krankenhäuser bleiben dennoch entspannt, denn die Behandlungskapazitäten für schwere Covid-19-Fälle sind bislang nicht mal ansatzweise ausgeschöpft.
Digitalisierung in der Praxis in der Charité: Digitalisierung ist Chefsache: „Wir brauchen mehr Führung“
Authors: Gocke Peter
Published: November 2020

Dass Digitalisierung mehr bedeutet, als Papierformulare als PDFs irgendwo abzulegen, ist inzwischen hinlänglich bekannt. Wenn eine wirkliche digitale Transformation in den Kliniken erfolgen soll, dann ist das ein Großprojekt und es wird zu Konflikten um Ressourcen und Zeitpläne kommen. Ohne gute Führung durch den Klinikvorstand ist das Projekt zum Scheitern verurteilt.
Projekt 5G4Healthcare: Anwendungsfälle für das Living Lab
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2020

Das Projekt 5G4Healthcare untersucht drei Jahren lang das Potenzial der nächsten Mobilfunkgeneration 5G im Gesundheitswesen: Welche Voraussetzungen müssen geschaffen und wie müssen die Prozesse gestaltet werden, um einen Mehrwert für Patienten und das Gesundheitssystem zu generieren?
Künstliche Intelligenz: Unterstützung für Medizintechnik-Firmen
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2020

Im Projekt ANIMMED unterstützen Fraunhofer-Forscher mittelständische Medizintechnik-Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung und Weiterentwicklung von Produkten auf Basis von künstlicher Intelligenz.
Entlassmanagement: Neue Plattform im Entlass- und Überleitungsmanagment
Authors: Dittrich Kristin , Schawohl Anne , Luntz Jana
Published: November 2020

Durch den 2017 in Kraft getretenen Rahmenvertrag Entlassmanagement, der zwischen Ärzteschaft, Krankenkassen und Krankenhäusern als Teil des Versorgungsstärkungsgesetzes geschlossen wurde, verschärfte sich der ohnehin schon hohe bürokratische Aufwand beim Patientenüberleitungsprozess zu den nachversorgenden Leistungserbringern.
Multiple spin–phonon relaxation pathways in a Kramer single-ion magnet
Authors: Lunghi Alessandro , Sanvito Stefano
Published: November 2020

We present a first-principles investigation of spin–phonon relaxation in a molecular crystal of Co2+ single-ion magnets. Our study combines electronic structure calculations with machine-learning force fields and unravels the nature of both the Orbach and the Raman relaxation channels in terms of atomistic processes. We find that although both mechanisms are mediated by the excited spin states, the low temperature spin dynamics is dominated by phonons in the THz energy range, which partially suppress the benefit of having a large magnetic anisotropy. This study also determines the importance of intra-molecular motions for both the relaxation mechanisms and paves the way to the rational design of a new generation of single-ion magnets with tailored spin–phonon coupling.
Quantum element method for quantum eigenvalue problems derived from projection-based model order reduction
Authors: Cheng Ming-C.
Published: November 2020

An effective multi-element simulation methodology for quantum eigenvalue problems is investigated. The approach is derived from a reduced-order model based on a data-driven learning algorithm, together with the concept of domain decomposition. The approach partitions the simulation domain of a quantum eigenvalue problem into smaller subdomains that, referred to as elements, could be the building blocks for quantum structures of interest. In this quantum element method (QEM), each element is projected onto a functional space represented by a set of basis functions (or modes) that are generated from proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). To construct a POD model for a large domain, these projected elements can be combined together, and the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to achieve the interface continuity and stabilize the numerical solution. The POD is able to optimize the basis functions specifically tailored to the geometry and parametric variations of the problem and can therefore substantially reduce the degree of freedom (DoF) needed to solve the Schrödinger equation. To understand the fundamental issues of the QEM, demonstrations in this study focus on examining the accuracy and DoF of the QEM influenced by the training settings for generation of POD modes, selection of the penalty number, suppression of interface discontinuities, structure size and complexity, etc. It has been shown that the QEM is able to achieve a substantial reduction in the DoF with a high accuracy even beyond the training conditions for the POD modes if the penalty number is selected within an appropriate range.
Extracting non-Gaussian governing laws from data on mean exit time
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Duan Jinqiao , Jin Yanfei , Li Yang
Published: November 2020

Motivated by the existing difficulties in establishing mathematical models and in observing state time series for some complex systems, especially for those driven by non-Gaussian Lévy motion, we devise a method for extracting non-Gaussian governing laws with observations only on the mean exit time. It is feasible to observe the mean exit time for certain complex systems. With such observations, we use a sparse regression technique in the least squares sense to obtain the approximated function expression of the mean exit time. Then, we learn the generator and further identify the governing stochastic differential equation by solving an inverse problem for a nonlocal partial differential equation and minimizing an error objective function. Finally, we verify the efficacy of the proposed method by three examples with the aid of the simulated data from the original systems. Results show that our method can apply to not only the stochastic dynamical systems driven by Gaussian Brownian motion but also those driven by non-Gaussian Lévy motion, including those systems with complex rational drift.
Use of carrier injection engineering to increase the light intensity of a polycrystalline silicon avalanche mode light-emitting device
Authors: Wu Kejun , Chen Yanxu , Cheng Junji , Xu Kaikai
Published: November 2020

This paper demonstrates a polycrystalline silicon avalanche mode light-emitting device. The unique N+PN+PN+ cascade structure is designed to enhance light intensity via carrier injection engineering, in which the minority carriers are injected from the forward-biased junction to the light emission junction. Visible light can be observed at the reverse-biased PN junctions when the device operating voltage exceeds 20 V. In particular, the phonon-assisted indirect interband recombination of carriers with excess energy may be the main mechanism of photon emission. A specific junction model is proposed to explain that the light intensity peaks are generated primarily via carrier injection. Comparing the spectral measurements of a single polysilicon N+P junction device and the proposed cascade device shows that the strategy of improving the luminous intensity via carrier injection engineering is feasible and effective.
Ionized impurity scattering in quantum wells and quantum wires
Authors: Kovalenko K. L. , Kozlovskiy S. I. , Sharan N. N.
Published: November 2020

Low-field mobility for scattering of electrons by ionized impurities is calculated in quantum wells and quantum wires. Analytical expressions for mobility are obtained on the basis of the quantum-kinetic approach using the quantum mechanical formalism of the dielectric function for non-interacting and interacting electrons. If the kinetic energy of electrons is much higher than their inter-particle potential energy, the electron system remains qualitatively similar to a non-interacting electron gas. The Lindhard dielectric function is used to calculate the mobility and screening factor of non-interacting electrons. If the potential energy of electrons is close to or prevails over their kinetic energy, the electron system displays a collective behavior similar to an electron liquid. In this case, electrons are considered interacting. To calculate the mobility of the interacting electrons, we have used the static local-field correction factor to the electron dielectric function. Analytical dependences of the electron mobility on dimensionality of the electron system, sizes of the quantum structures in the confining directions, temperature, forms of confining potential, electron density, and material parameters are obtained. The quantum confinement is modeled by triangular and rectangular confining potentials. The results of calculations are compared with the known experimental data.
Exploring the signature of distributed pressure measurements on non-slender delta wings during axial and vertical gusts
Authors: Burelle Louis A. , Yang Wenchao , Kaiser Frieder , Rival David E.
Published: November 2020

For a broad range of aerodynamic bodies, vortex structures arising from perturbations such as gusts cause characteristic surface pressure signatures that are coupled to the observed aerodynamic loads. The present study evaluates the extent to which sparsely measured pressure signatures can be used to identify the spatio-temporal evolution of vortex structures and, specifically, their relationship to the bulk aerodynamic loads. A non-slender delta wing experiencing axial and vertical gusts under various initial stall conditions is selected as a test case. Time-resolved loads, distributed surface pressures, and time-resolved flow fields (particle image velocimetry) are collected for a wide range of parameters in a towing-tank facility. By linearly mapping the sparse pressure data to the aerodynamic loads, the spatio-temporal relation of loads and pressure can be extracted. The static mapping coefficients are determined through linear regression at each incidence angle as well as for an angle-independent (aggregate) case. Despite slightly larger errors when compared to the angle-specific fits, the aggregate method maintains a good fit quality over all angles of attack and thereby provides a robust pressure-load mapping. Thus, the existence of a common mechanism across gusts and angles of attack is identified despite the stark differences in flow conditions, i.e., light vs deep dynamic stall. In addition, the lasso regularization used in the study provides valuable insight into sensor reduction. The distribution of fewer regression predictors indicates specific pressure ports that capture the footprint of dominant flow features and thereby suggest sensitive locations for future clusters of sensors.
Probing the electrode–solution interfaces in rechargeable batteries by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Ge Aimin , Inoue Ken-ichi , Ye Shen
Published: November 2020

An in-depth understanding of the electrode–electrolyte interaction and electrochemical reactions at the electrode–solution interfaces in rechargeable batteries is essential to develop novel electrolytes and electrode materials with high performance. In this perspective, we highlight the advantages of the interface-specific sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy on the studies of the electrode–solution interface for the Li-ion and Li—O2 batteries. The SFG studies in probing solvent adsorption structures and solid-electrolyte interphase formation for the Li-ion battery are briefly reviewed. Recent progress on the SFG study of the oxygen reaction mechanisms and stability of the electrolyte in the Li—O2 battery is also discussed. Finally, we present the current perspective and future directions in the SFG studies on the electrode–electrolyte interfaces toward providing deeper insight into the mechanisms of discharging/charging and parasitic reactions in novel rechargeable battery systems.
The dynamics of liquid films, as described by the diffuse-interface model
Authors: Benilov E. S.
Published: November 2020

The dynamics of a thin layer of liquid between a flat solid substrate and an infinitely thick layer of saturated vapor is examined. The liquid and vapor are two phases of the same fluid governed by the diffuse-interface model. The substrate is maintained at a fixed temperature, but in the bulk of the fluid, the temperature is allowed to vary. The slope ε of the liquid/vapor interface is assumed to be small, as is the ratio of its thickness to that of the film. Three asymptotic regimes are identified, depending on the vapor-to-liquid density ratio ρv/ρl. If ρv/ρl ∼ 1 (which implies that the temperature is comparable, but not necessarily close, to the critical value), the evolution of the interface is driven by the vertical flow due to liquid/vapor phase transition, with the horizontal flow being negligible. In the limit ρv/ρl → 0, it is the other way around, and there exists an intermediate regime, ρv/ρl ∼ ε4/3, where the two effects are of the same order. Only the ρv/ρl → 0 limit is mathematically similar to the case of incompressible (Navier–Stokes) liquids, whereas the asymptotic equations governing the other two regimes are of different types.
Selecting soil properties for assessment of soil aggregation using principal component and clustering analyses
Authors: Alaboz Pelin
Published: November 2020

Aggregation is an important factor among physical soil parameters and affects soil quality. In this study, some soil physical (field capacity, wilting point and sand, silt and clay contents), chemical (pH, electrical conductivity, CaCO3, organic matter and exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg and K) and biological properties (CO2 from respiration and urease, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities) were examined. Some of these properties were eliminated by principal component and clustering analyses to create a minimum dataset. Correlations were evaluated between selected properties and the percentage aggregation of micro (<0.25mm) and macro aggregates (0.25–4mm). Sand, Mg, pH, organic matter, urease, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase properties were selected after principal component and clustering analyses. The highest correlation was between the percentage of micro aggregation and urease activity (0.545, P < 0.01). For macro aggregates, the highest correlation was with organic material (0.560, P < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between macro aggregation percentage and sand content (−0.410, P < 0.01), with a similar relationship for micro aggregation and sand content (–0.450, P < 0.01), but there were positive relationships with other properties. The exchangeable magnesium content showed similar relationships for both aggregate sizes (0.430 and 0.440, P < 0.01). The correlations of aggregation with other enzymes and pH were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). In general, the highest correlation for micro aggregation was with enzyme activity.
Propagation of humidified air plasma in a sandwich-type honeycomb plasma reactor and its dependence on the ambient temperature and reactor diameter
Authors: Nguyen Duc Ba , Saud Shirjana , Matyakubov Nosir , Mok Young Sun , Ryu Seungmin , Jeon Hyungwon , Kim Seong Bong
Published: November 2020

The dependence of the plasma discharge performance on the size of the honeycomb monolith in a sandwich-type honeycomb monolith plasma reactor operated under humidified air conditions was investigated. In addition, the effect of the feed gas temperature on the plasma discharge was also examined in the low-temperature range (25 °C–42 °C), which is similar to the typical temperature of the actual surrounding ambient air. The results showed that variation of the temperature significantly affects the discharge power, i.e., the discharge power decreases with increasing temperature. The results also indicated that, in the absence of the honeycomb monolith in the reactor, the plasma discharge did not occur inside the discharge zone created by two parallel perforated disks. However, when the honeycomb monolith was sandwiched between the two electrodes, the discharge developed between them because of the generated surface discharge spread through the honeycomb channels. Interestingly, a parallel relationship exists between monoliths with two different diameters in terms of their energy density and energy efficiency for O3 generation. These results suggest that the use of a monolith with a small diameter, instead of the original large commercial monolith, is sufficient when conducting research on the honeycomb discharge, as it facilitates experimental design.
Corrigendum: Effect of adding nano-calcined clay and nano-lime on the geotechnical properties of expansive clayey soil (IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 615 012058)
Authors: al-Swaidani A M , Hammoud I , al-Ghuraibi I , Meziab A
Published: November 2020

This corrigendum corrects the following error. There was a missing reference in the reference list. This has been included as reference 18.

[18] Al-Swaidani A M, Hammoud I., al-Ghuraibi I and Mezyab A 2019 Nanocalcined clay and nanolime as stabilizing agents for expansive clayey soil: Some geotechnical properties Advances in Civil Engineering Materials 8(3) 327-345

[19] Gueddouda M K, Goual I, Lamara M and Mekarta B 2011 Chemical stabilization of expansive clays from Algeria Global J. of Researches in Engineering: J. General Engineering 11(5) 1-8 Reference 18 should have been referred to at the following points.

[20] Kariuki PC, Shephered K D and Van Der Meer F D 2006 Spectroscopy as a tool for studying swelling soils. In: alRawas AA, Goosen, MFA editors Expansive soils-recent advances in characterization and treatment 15-24 (London, UK: Taylor and Francis Group)

Table 1. The reference [18] should have been indicated in the caption

Figure 2(a), Figure 2(b) and Figure 2(c). The reference [18] should have been indicated.

Figure 7 the reference [18] should have been indicated.

The reference (Gueddouda et al.) numbered as 18 in the older copy was corrected to 19. See the selection of the reference list above.

Figure 8 should include a reference to [18].

Figure 9. The reference [18] should be indicated.

The reference (Kariuki et al.) numbered 19 in the older copy was corrected in this version to 20. See attached reference list above.

Table 4. The reference [18] should have been indicated

References list Reference [18] was added in this version. See above list.
Thermal transport in amorphous graphene with varying structural quality
Authors: Antidormi Aleandro , Colombo Luciano , Roche Stephan
Published: November 2020

The synthesis of wafer-scale two-dimensional amorphous carbon monolayers has been recently demonstrated. This material presents useful properties when integrated as coating of metals, semiconductors or magnetic materials, such as enabling efficient atomic layer deposition and hence fostering the development of ultracompact technologies. Here we propose a characterization of how the structural degree of amorphousness of such carbon membranes could be controlled by the crystal growth temperature. We also identify how energy is dissipated in this material by a systematic analysis of emerging vibrational modes whose localization increases with the loss of spatial symmetries, resulting in a tunable thermal conductivity varying by more than two orders of magnitude. Our simulations provide some recipe to design most suitable ‘amorphous graphene’ based on the target applications such as ultrathin heat spreaders, energy harvesters or insulating thermal barriers.
The impact of dementia on aged care service transitions in the last five years of life
Authors: Welberry Heidi J , Jorm Louisa R , Barbieri Sebastiano , Hsu Benjumin , Brodaty Henry
Published: November 2020

Objective

To investigate the impact of dementia on aged care service use at end-of-life.

Methods

Our retrospective data linkage study in New South Wales, Australia, used survey data from participants in the 45 and Up Study who died between July 2011–June 2014 linked to routinely collected administrative data for 2006–2014. We investigated movement between aged care “states” (No Services, Home Care including Home Support and Low-and High-Level Home Care and Residential Care) in the last five years of life. The dementia cohort comprised decedents with a dementia diagnosis recorded in hospital records, death certificates or who had claims for dementia-specific medicines prior to death (n = 2,230). The comparison cohort were decedents with no dementia diagnosis, matched 1:1 on age-at-death, sex, income and location.

Results

Compared to those without dementia, people with dementia were more likely to: use home care (67 versus 60%, P < 0.001), enter residential care (72 versus 30%, P < 0.001) and stay longer in residential care (median 17.9 versus 12.7 months, P < 0.001). Five years before death, more people with dementia were within residential care (6 versus 4%; RR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.23–2.10) and these rates diverged at the end-of-life (69 versus 28%, RR = 2.48, 95%CI = 2.30–2.66). Use of home-based care was higher among people with dementia five years from death (20 versus 17%; RR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.02–1.30) but lower at end-of-life (13 versus 24%, RR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.49–0.63).

Conclusion

Dementia-specific aged care trajectories were dominated by residential care. Home care use declined towards end-of-life for people with dementia and may not be meeting their needs.
Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
Authors: Couchoux Charline , Garant Dany , Aubert Maxime , Clermont Jeanne , Réale Denis
Published: November 2020

Animals often interact aggressively when competing over limited resources. Aggressive decisions can be complex and may result from multiple sources of behavioral variation. The outcome of contests may be explained through contest theory and personality by considering conjointly plasticity and individual consistency. This integrative approach also allows investigating individual differences in responsiveness to environmental changes. Here, we observed multiple agonistic interactions occurring among eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) competing for food resources supplied at different distances from their burrows. Using an individual reaction norm approach, we found that the probability of winning a contest depended on an individual’s intrinsic characteristics (mass and age but not sex) but was also adjusted to characteristics of its opponents. Winning a contest also depended on extrinsic environmental characteristics, such as distance to the contestants’ burrows, but not the order of arrival at the feeding patch. We found consistent individual differences in the probability of winning, potentially related to differences in aggressiveness and territoriality. We also found that individuals differed in their plasticity level in response to changes in different characteristics of their social and physical environments. Plasticity, personality, and individual differences in responsiveness may thus all play a role in predicting contest outcome and in the evolution of animal contests.
Challenging the working time reduction and wages trade-off: a simulation for the Spanish economy
Authors: Cárdenas Luis , Villanueva Paloma
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the effect of working time reduction (WTR) on the Spanish economy. Using microdata from the Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) and the Wage Structure Survey (WSS), we estimate the changes in employment, worked hours, wages and salaries, and the labour share driven by a 5-hour reduction of the ordinary work week in full-time contracts (from 40 hours to 35 hours), without a wage reduction. According to our results, this WTR would mean the liberation of private sector hours that are equivalent to 1.2 million full-time jobs. To calculate job creation, we consider the occupations and technical conditions of production (based on the European Working Conditions Survey). Consequently, had the WTR taken place in 2017, it would have created 560 thousand jobs, thus causing the unemployment rate to fall by 2.6 p.p. Moreover, women are found to be the group most affected by this measure. As for the effect on wages, these would have increased by 3.7%, implying a labour share increase of 2.1 p.p. Finally, we study the macroeconomic effects, through an extended version of the single-equations Bhaduri–Marglin model using quarterly data from 1995Q1 until 2017Q4. Our results show that a WTR of 5 hours leads to an increase of 1.4% in GDP.
Family, Community and Long-Term Socio-Economic Inequality: Evidence from Siblings and Youth Peers
Authors: Bingley Paul , Cappellari Lorenzo , Tatsiramos Konstantinos
Published: November 2020

Using administrative data for the population of Danish men and women, we develop an empirical model which accounts for the joint earnings dynamics of siblings and youth community peers. We provide the first decomposition of the sibling correlation of permanent earnings into family and community effects allowing for life-cycle dynamics and extending the analysis to consider other outcomes. We find that family is the most important factor influencing sibling correlations of earnings, education and unemployment. Community background matters for shaping the sibling correlation of earnings and unemployment early in the working life, but its importance quickly diminishes.
Discriminatory cardiac arrest care? Patients with low socioeconomic status receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and are less likely to survive an in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Agerström Jens , Carlsson Magnus , Bremer Anders , Herlitz Johan , Israelsson Johan , Årestedt Kristofer
Published: November 2020

Aims 

Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) face widespread prejudice in society. Whether SES disparities exist in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is unclear. The aim of the current retrospective registry study was to examine SES disparities in IHCA treatment and survival, assessing SES at the patient level, and adjusting for major demographic, clinical, and contextual factors.

Methods and results 

In total, 24 217 IHCAs from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were analysed. Education and income constituted SES proxies. Controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidity, heart rhythm, aetiology, hospital, and year, primary analyses showed that high (vs. low) SES patients were significantly less likely to receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (highly educated: OR = 0.89, and high income: OR = 0.98). Furthermore, patients with high SES were significantly more likely to survive CPR (high income: OR = 1.02), to survive to hospital discharge with good neurological outcome (highly educated: OR = 1.27; high income: OR = 1.06), and to survive to 30 days (highly educated: OR = 1.21; and high income: OR = 1.05). Secondary analyses showed that patients with high SES were also significantly more likely to receive prophylactic heart rhythm monitoring (highly educated: OR = 1.16; high income: OR = 1.02), and this seems to partially explain the observed SES differences in CPR delay.

Conclusion 

There are clear SES differences in IHCA treatment and survival, even when controlling for major sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual factors. This suggests that patients with low SES could be subject to discrimination when suffering IHCA.