bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requeijão cremoso tradicional e light: Aceitabilidade e correlação das medidas sensoriais e instrumentais
Authors: Silva Felipe Sousa da , Amaral Sheyla Maria Barreto , Almeida Ana Paula Ferreira de , Braga Renata Chastinet , Damaceno Marlene Nunes
Published: June 2021

A aceitabilidade do requeijão está relacionada com a textura que entre outros fatores, recebe influência do teor de gordura. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a aceitabilidade sensorial de duas marcas comerciais de requeijão cremoso tradicional e light (TA, TB, LA, LB) e realizar a correlação com medidas instrumentais da textura. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada com 121 avaliadores não treinados, utilizando os testes de aceitação por escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos para os atributos impressão global, aparência, odor, textura e sabor, e por Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) com 12 termos descritores. Para avaliação do Perfil de Textura Instrumental (TPA) realizou-se três ensaios em triplicata em analisador de textura. As quatro amostras obtiveram aceitação com médias dos escores entre 6,45 e 7,74 e Índice de Aceitabilidade superior a 70% para todos os atributos. Os avaliadores identificaram diferença significativa entre os requeijões para cada termo sensorial abordado no CATA. Para TPA, o único parâmetro que não apresentou diferença (p≥0,05) foi a elasticidade. A Análise de Correspondência explicou 98,82% da variação. A correlação das medidas sensoriais e instrumentais da textura indicou que a marca B, independente do processo, apresenta as mesmas características. Na marca A, foi perceptível a influência do teor de gordura no processamento, pois os avaliadores distinguiram o requeijão LA do TA, evidenciando que o processo de fabricação permitiu a diferenciação quanto à textura e os atributos sensoriais.
O sistema alimentar e ambientes alimentares na segurança alimentar e nutricional: Um olhar para a realidade moçambicana, distrito de Sussundenga
Authors: Buanango Maitu Abibo , Chume Pedro Fernando Chimela , Sugizaki Bárbara Cassetari , Cardozo Najla de Oliveira , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: June 2021

O estudo do sistema alimentar não encontra explicação somente na lógica da produção ou de necessidades nutricionais. Neste contexto, este artigo objetivou, descrever os sistemas alimentares, incluindo os ambientes alimentares, buscando compreender suas possíveis influências na segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN). Trata-se de estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no distrito de Sussundenga em Moçambique. O delineamento do trabalho foi realizado por meio da observação sistemática com diário de campo e mapa-falante, envolvendo as comunidades de Sussundenga-sede, Munhinga e Chidowa, como base para um modelo explicativo das interações e influências entre as diversas variáveis. Os resultados mostram que o sistema alimentar, nos componentes geofísicos e ambientais, com destaque para as mudanças climáticas, pode ser dos componentes que mais pode afetar a SAN das comunidades, incluindo os ambientes alimentares. Por sua vez, a análise dos ambientes alimentares permitiu constatar que o ambiente nas vias públicas pode apresentar maiores riscos à saúde humana, sobretudo, às crianças, em parte devido a questões ligadas à exposição de alimentos em condições higiênico sanitárias deficientes, suscetíveis de originar doenças que podem causar a desidratação devido a vômitos e diarréias, quando consumidos os alimentos nas condições em que são comercializados. Assim, são necessárias estratégias e ações para a melhoria dos sistemas alimentares, enfatizando a conscientização e a resiliência da população, na melhoria das escolhas alimentares com vista a promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, por meio da qualidade nutricional e segurança dos alimentos.
Programas e ações de prevenção e combate à desnutrição em Moçambique: análise do trabalho em rede, a partir da dinâmica social, em Sussundenga
Authors: Buanango Maitu Abibo , Chume Pedro Fernando Chimela , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo procura analisar o trabalho em rede no distrito de Sussundenga, a partir da sua dinâmica social, buscando evidenciar os principais atores e sua relação no contexto da implementação de programas e ações visando à prevenção e combate à desnutrição infantil em Moçambique. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que empregou a observação sistemática e entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos gestores de diversas áreas, ao produtor local, assim como, às mulheres das comunidades. As organizações governamentais e não governamentais têm contribuído nos vários programas e ações, sobretudo, referentes à segurança social e segurança alimentar e nutricional. Porém, o fraco envolvimento comunitário, sobretudo, das mulheres, em parte decorrente de dificuldades de natureza logística, de articulação e de coordenação institucional, podem estar comprometendo a eficácia na sua implementação. Considerando que essas mulheres trocam diversas informações relacionadas às práticas alimentares com outras mulheres na sua rede local, essa situação poderia ser tida como oportunidade para sua maior inserção e visibilidade no trabalho em rede visando à nutrição, aliadas as suas experiências e perspectivas de intervenção adequadas para um contexto de abordagem integrada. Deste modo, acredita-se que o trabalho em rede com envolvimento comunitário efetivo e igualitário, aliado à localização preferencialmente mais próxima possível do setor responsável pela coordenação das ações e programas no território onde estes são implementados, podem ser importantes nos resultados da prevenção e combate à desnutrição infantil, como também para a ressignificação e mobilização social em relação ao papel da mulher nos processos de desenvolvimento local.
Noções introdutórias sobre patrimônios históricos, artísticos e culturais
Authors: Brasileiro Samuel Hilário , Bezerra Neto Francisco das Chagas , Nóbrega José Cândido da Silva , Monteiro Auzenir de Oliveira Abrantes , Marcolino Neto José , Queiroz João Paulo Borges de
Published: June 2021

O trabalho em tela visa averiguar o desenvolvimento histórico e cultural de São Mamede-Paraíba, bem como averiguar a diversidade cultural desta cidade. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa, através da pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, método dedutivo, coleta de dados bibliográfico-documental, procedeu-se de modo a realizar uma análise acerca do desenvolvimento do Município de São Mamede, destacando o tratamento jurídico acerca do patrimônio histórico-cultural. Além do mais, foi ressaltada a proteção do patrimônio histórico-cultural, sobretudo no tocante a Reserva Ecológica Verdes Patos, Sítios arqueológicos, Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição e Vila de Picotes. Não obstante, foi salientado a responsabilidades das políticas públicas pelo Estado relacionadas à preservação de tais elementos. Por fim, diante da problemática exposta, buscou-se, embasado nos enunciados constitucionais, elucidar a necessidade do Estado, pautado na defesa dos direitos humanos e no respeito ao bem-estar da sociedade, buscar a fomentação de políticas públicas como forma de proteger o patrimônio histórico-cultural.
Closed reduction with minimal accesses for treating isolated zygomatic arch fractures: Case Series
Authors: Lôbo Maelly Vicente , Nascimento Yasmin Lima , Andrade Taysnara Ismaeley de , Pontes Kaiane Tavares , Andrade Joelma Silva de , Barbosa Luandson Nunes dos Santos , Souza Ilberto Cândido de , Brainer Diogo Luiz Bastos
Published: June 2021

Following nasal fractures, zygomatic fractures (ZF) are the second most prevalent of maxillofacial fractures. Isolated fractures of the zygomatic arch (IZAF) are rare, corresponding to less than 10% of all fractures involving the zygomatic-maxillary complex (ZMC). The choice of treatment for IZAF is controversial, and there is no defined consensus in the literature. We seek to evaluate the advantages of closed reductions with minimal accesses over open reductions through a case series and a 10-year literature review. All patients in our study obtained a satisfactory final result in terms of aesthetics and function of the zygomatic arch, with no complications involved. There are criteria established in the current literature on the indication of open surgery or closed reduction. Open reduction with rigid fixation has the most significant number of studies proving its clinical efficacy. However, closed reduction with minimal accesses has proven to be a suitable therapeutic option for IZAF, presenting satisfactory aesthetic results and fewer surgical risks.
O papel do farmacêutico na pandemia de COVID-19: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Passos Márcia Maria Barros dos , Castoldi Vivien de Moraes , Soler Orenzio
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica referente ao papel do farmacêutico na pandemia de COVID-19, por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura.  Fonte de dados: A busca dos artigos científicos foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed no período  de 2019 a 2020.Os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos foram publicações em inglês com o descritor “Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy, Pharmacy Services, Pharmaceutical Care, Hospital Pharmacy” no título, resumo ou palavras-chave em artigos disponibilizados online e na íntegra. Excluíram-se cartas ao editor e artigos em duplicidade. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 10.906 artigos, dos quais 28 atenderam aos critérios de seleção. Os resultados foram demonstrados com ênfase nas funções adicionais desempenhadas pelos farmacêuticos tanto na farmácia comunitária quanto na farmácia hospitalar, determinadas pela situação de pandemia. No âmbito hospitalar foram verificadas o apoio à tomada de decisões clínicas sobre a farmacoterapia, gestão logística dos medicamentos, maior segurança na dispensação de medicamento e farmacovigilância. No ambiente da Farmácia comunitária o destaque foi no cuidado farmacêutico diretamente ao usuário por meio de orientação a respeito das medidas de higiene buscando minimizar ou evitar a disseminação do vírus e contaminação das pessoas. A manutenção da dispensação dos medicamentos para os usuários agudos e crônicos, por meio da garantia da oferta e disponibilidade de medicamentos com qualidade foi a principal atividade, assim como de testes rápidos para diagnósticos da COVID-19.
Formação de professores a distância pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil: democratização e acesso ou massificação e mercantilização da formação?
Authors: Santos Neto Vicente Batista dos
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os caminhos percorridos pela formação de professores na Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) e o quanto as premissas de Educação a Distância (EaD) e da UAB se aproximam ou distanciam da proposta de acesso e democratização do ensino em contrapartida ao processo de mercantilização e massificação da formação. Foram analisadas teses no Catálogo de Teses da CAPES que versaram sobre políticas educacionais no contexto da UAB entre 2006 e 2016, bem como documentos e leis que tratam sobre o tema aqui discutido. Verificamos que a UAB foi criada com o propósito de atender à crescente demanda por formação de professores, à interiorização, ao acesso e democratização da educação pública superior no país. Contudo, o modelo projetado pra UAB é embasado num sistema precário de pagamento de bolsas de pesquisa para docentes e tutores e caracterizado por um processo de descontinuidade de financiamento que levou as instituições à busca do barateamento dos cursos com adoção de menor número de tutores, material didático e visita aos polos de apoio presencial.  Houve um processo de desresponsabilização do Estado com o ensino superior transferindo aos municípios e estados a reponsabilidade com esta formação sem a contrapartida necessária para uma formação emancipatória. Assim, o Programa mais se aproximou ao modelo massivo-mercantil do que à democratização.
Uma análise crítica à concepção do empreendedorismo como alternativa para saída da crise social e econômica
Authors: Araújo Edilene Rodrigues , Castro Maira Nobre de
Published: June 2021

Diversos estudos ligados à sociologia e às ciências políticas percebem o Estado como um importante mecanismo de coerção social. Analisando o desenvolvimento social da humanidade, depreende-se que o Estado tem se adaptado às diferentes demandas da elite burguesa, a qual detém o poder nos mais diversos contextos sociais e políticos. Com essa transformação capitalista da sociedade, ocorre, também, a subordinação da organização social às exigências do capital. Esse é o momento onde ocorre a construção de um Estado e das instituições políticas, ambos adequados ao domínio da burguesia. Diante desse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre a linha conceitual que considera o empreendedorismo como uma alternativa para a saída de uma crise social e econômica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica. Para a coleta dos dados foi realizado um levantamento teórico em estudos de Max Weber (1864-1920), Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) e Thomas Hobbes (1588-1651) em relação à teoria geral do Estado; de Karl Marx (1818-1883) em relação à intervenção do Estado nos aspectos econômicos e sociais; e de Schumpeter (1997), por se tratar de uma importante referência no estudo do empreendedorismo. Os resultados contribuem para a discussão sobre os conceitos de empreendedorismo e as características dos empreendedores e empreendedoras, além de abordar sobre o processo de empreender em um Estado marcado pela sua subordinação histórica ao capital. Dessa forma, espera-se que o presente estudo colabore com a construção do referencial teórico sobre empreendedorismo e inovação, em uma vertente mais crítica e contextualizada.
Aromaterapia segura: Evitando a toxicidade no trabalho de parto
Authors: Santos Rosana Serejo dos , Queiroz Solange Cristina Ferreira de , Alves Wendel Marcos , Lira Letície Batista , Felix Edanielle da Silva Pereira Oliveira , Felix Francisco Rondinele da Silva , Lima Suênia Maria da Silva , Mendes Makellyne da Costa , Silva Taiane Nayara Ribeiro da , Sobral Raquel de Sousa , Silva Jaysse Kelly Amorim da , Carvalho Holiana Ruth Silva Cruz de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: investigar as evidencias cientificas sobre os cuidados na utilização da aromaterapia no trabalho de parto. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, foi realizada entre dezembro e janeiro de 2021, na base de dados National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, e nas bibliotecas virtuais Scientific Electronic Library Online, e Bibioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados e Discussão: Mantiveram-se no estudo 9, pois foram julgados coerentes com a proposta da revisão. A questão de segurança na utilização desses óleos essenciais parece de fácil abordagem, no entanto, a discussão a respeito de sua toxicidade é bem mais complexa. Deve-se considerar que os óleos essenciais exercem seus efeitos não apenas físico, mas também efeitos com atuação direta no cérebro, trazendo consequências muitas vezes irreversíveis, os óleos puros frequentemente apresentam toxicidade elevada, tanto que, dentro das recomendações de uso, encontram-se as pequenas dosagens. Conclusão: a adoção da aromaterapia e de outras PIC associada ao resgate das suas bases científicas, possui benefícios no trabalho de parto validados por diversas evidencias cientificas.
Nutrição e doença renal crônica (DRC): Apresentação das novas recomendações e padrões alimentares conforme as últimas evidências científicas
Authors: Vasconcelos Moisés Iasley Lima , Fernandes Helder Matheus Alves , Barbosa Elane da Silva , Grangeiro Richardeson Fagner de Oliveira , Sena Daniel Barbosa Gregório de , Lopes Vitória Celeste Barbosa , Sandes Mariane de Oliveira , Sousa Lorena Santiago de , Oliveira Renato Gondim de , Tabosa Viviane Lopes , Firmino Luisa Ariel Rodrigues Gomes
Published: June 2021

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma síndrome lenta, silenciosa, irreversível e progressiva da função renal e, assim, o manejo nutricional permanece entre as intervenções mais importantes para retardar a progressão da DRC. Trata-se de Revisão Sistemática, realizada nas bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO e ScienceDirect, a partir dos seguintes descritores: Nutrição, Doença Renal Crônica, Padrão Alimentar e Dieta, na qual foram utilizados os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”, realizando as distintas combinações. Compuseram o corpus desta investigação 18 artigos científicos, incluindo duas diretrizes publicadas nos últimos cinco anos.  A fim de apresentar de forma sistemática as evidências reunidas em torno das novas recomendações de nutrição e DRC, foram elaborados cinco quadros contendo as informações sobre as publicações, estágios da doença renal, recomendações de proteínas no tratamento conservador e na terapia renal substitutiva, de carboidratos, lipídeos e energia em ambas modalidades. Identifica-se que as evidências em torno de um padrão alimentar ainda são bastante controversas, no entanto a literatura apresenta que o padrão dietético com enfoque em alimentos de origem vegetal, frutas, grãos integrais, leguminosas, rico em fibras e consumo moderado de alimentos de origem animal, promovem efeitos benefícios no gerenciamento e na prevenção das complicações metabólicas da DRC. Portanto, até o momento não existe um padrão específico para controlar os distúrbios das nefropatias, visto que o controle dietético vai da individualidade de cada paciente e análise investigativa-crítica do nutricionista.
A rara associação entre Saturnismo e Pseudogota
Authors: Ponte Átila Coelho Botelho , Melo Leonardo Rodrigues , Dias Luccas Victor Rodrigues , Pereira Lucas Dourado Mapurunga , Costa Fabricio André Martins da , Augusto Kristopherson Lustosa
Published: June 2021

Relata-se o caso de um homem de 51 anos, que evoluiu insidiosamente com tetraparesia após ferimento cervical por arma de fogo há 19 anos, apresentando-se com poliartralgia, cefaleia, dor abdominal, constipação, polineuropatia e anemia. Diante da hipótese diagnóstica de saturnismo pelos elevados níveis séricos e urinários de chumbo, optou-se pela retirada cirúrgica do projétil em região cervical, obtendo-se melhora clínica. Após 5 meses foi readmitido com recidiva do quadro abdominal e anêmico. A tomografia de abdome evidenciou possível fragmento de projétil em músculo reto abdominal direito. Na internação, apresentou febre, poliartralgia com monoartrite em punho, e sinais flogísticos em abaulamento em cotovelo esquerdo, o qual foi puncionado. Devido relato na literatura de que a intoxicação por chumbo aumenta a reabsorção de ácido úrico no túbulo contorcido proximal e o antecedente de Gota relatado, tratamos o paciente com anti-inflamatórios e prednisona, com melhora clínica. O estudo do líquido revelou cristais de pirofosfato de cálcio, contrapondo o diagnóstico de artrite gotosa. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia para retirada do projétil em músculo reto abdominal, sendo optado por não iniciar quelante devido ao nível sérico de chumbo inferior a 50mcg/dl e a melhora do paciente, que recebeu alta poucos dias após. Relatamos esse caso devido a raridade dessa associação, e assim, esperamos suscitar possível associação destas patologias, com mecanismo fisiopatológico desconhecido, ainda não descrito em livros de clínica médica, com apenas um caso publicado na literatura mundial.
Vasovagal syncope with mild versus moderate autonomic dysfunction: a 13-year single-center experience
Authors: Lee Han Eoul , Lee Dong Won
Published: June 2021

Background: An adequate large-scale pediatric cohort based on nationwide administrative data is lacking in Korea.Purpose: This study aimed to differentiate patients with VVS by autonomic dysfunction severity using the composite autonomic severity score (CASS) and compare the clinical manifestations and prognosis between patient subgroups.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 66 VVS patients divided into 3 groups by CASS. To compare the differences between these groups, we analyzed VVS type, triggers, prodromal symptoms, management of syncope, and prognosis between patients with mild versus moderate autonomic dysfunction.Results: Of our 66 patients with VVS, 41 had mild autonomic dysfunction (62.1%) and 25 had moderate autonomic dysfunction (37.9%). We found no significant intergroup differences in age, sex, inducible factor (P=0.172), prodromal symptoms, laboratory findings, head-up tilt test, type of syncope, or prognosis (P=0.154).Conclusion: We found no evidence that autonomic dysfunction degree is affected by VVS characteristics, test findings, parameters, or prognosis; therefore, no further evaluations are needed to classify autonomic dysfunction severity.
Assessment methods and the validity and reliability of measurement tools in online objective structured clinical examinations: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Felthun Jonathan Zachary , Taylor Silas , Shulruf Boaz , Allen Digby Wigram
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required educators to adapt the in-person objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to online settings in order for it to remain a critical component of the multifaceted assessment of a student’s competency. This systematic scoping review aimed to summarize the assessment methods and validity and reliability of the measurement tools used in current online OSCE (hereafter, referred to as teleOSCE) approaches. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were eligible if they reported any form of performance assessment, in any field of healthcare, delivered in an online format. Two reviewers independently screened the results and analyzed relevant studies. Eleven articles were included in the analysis. Pre-recorded videos were used in 3 studies, while observations by remote examiners through an online platform were used in 7 studies. Acceptability as perceived by students was reported in 2 studies. This systematic scoping review identified several insights garnered from implementing teleOSCEs, the components transferable from telemedicine, and the need for systemic research to establish the ideal teleOSCE framework. TeleOSCEs may be able to improve the accessibility and reproducibility of clinical assessments and equip students with the requisite skills to effectively practice telemedicine in the future.
Effects of egg mass and local climate on morphology of East Pacific leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea hatchlings in Costa Rica
Authors: Bandimere A , Paladino FV , Spotila JR , Panagopoulou A , Diéguez-Uribeondo J , Santidrián Tomillo P
Published: June 2021

Global climate patterns are shifting due to anthropogenic causes, putting pressure on many species that are unable to adapt to such rapid changes. Sea turtle clutches, for example, normally develop between 26 and 33°C, but tolerate higher temperatures at the end of development. High temperatures, protracted rainfall, and droughts have been linked to fewer hatchlings. Likewise, climatic conditions can affect the size of sea turtle hatchlings, which could affect their probability of survival. We analyzed the effects of a biotic factor (egg mass) and environmental factors (precipitation and incubation temperature) on East Pacific leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea hatchling sizes in Costa Rica. Hatchling size (mass, straight carapace length, straight carapace width, and head width) was affected by both biotic and environmental factors. While egg mass was the strongest predictor for hatchling mass, temperature was the strongest for carapace length and head width. Carapace width was most strongly predicted by precipitation. Hatchling carapace length and width decreased with increases in temperature and increased with higher levels of precipitation. Hatchling mass also decreased with increasing temperature, although the relationship was not statistically significant. Head width decreased with greater precipitation during development. These findings suggest that increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation may not only decrease the number of hatchlings produced, but may also produce smaller leatherback hatchlings in Pacific Costa Rica, which may impair hatchling survival in the first hours after emergence.
Subversive Online Activity Predicts Susceptibility to Persuasion by Far-Right Extremist Propaganda
Authors: Braddock Kurt , Hughes Brian , Goldberg Beth , Miller-Idriss Cynthia
Published: June 2021

Despite the widespread assumption that online misbehavior can affect outcomes related to political extremism, no extant research has provided empirical evidence to this effect. To redress this gap in the literature, we performed two studies in which we explore the relationship between subversive online activities and proclivity for persuasion by far-right extremist propaganda. Study 1 (N = 404) demonstrates that when individuals are exposed to far-right ‘scientific racism’ propaganda, subversive online activity is significantly associated with feelings of gratification, attribution of credibility to and intention to support the propaganda’s source, as well as decreased resistance to the propaganda itself. To verify these findings across thematic domains, Study 2 (N = 396) focused on far-right propaganda consistent with ‘male supremacy.’ Results in Study 2 replicated those from Study 1. These findings have implications for understanding subversive online activity, vis-à-vis its association with one’s susceptibility to persuasion by far-right extremist propaganda.
A MicroRNA-Based Network Provides Potential Predictive Signatures and Reveals the Crucial Role of PI3K/AKT Signaling for Hepatic Lineage Maturation
Authors: Wang Xicheng , Zhang Wencheng , Yang Yong , Wang Jiansong , Qiu Hua , Liao Lijun , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Wauthier Eliane , Sethupathy Praveen , Reid Lola M. , Liu Zhongmin , He Zhiying
Published: June 2021

Background

Functions of miRNAs involved in tumorigenesis are well reported, yet, their roles in normal cell lineage commitment remain ambiguous. Here, we investigated a specific “transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-Target” regulatory network during the lineage maturation of biliary tree stem cells (BTSCs) into adult hepatocytes (hAHeps).

Method

Bioinformatic analysis was conducted based on our RNA-seq and microRNA-seq datasets with four human hepatic-lineage cell lines, including hBTSCs, hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs), hepatoblasts (hHBs), and hAHeps. Short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis was performed to reveal the time-dependent dynamically changed miRNAs and mRNAs. GO and KEGG analyses were applied to reveal the potential function of key miRNAs and mRNAs. Then, the miRDB, miRTarBase, TargetScan, miRWalk, and DIANA-microT-CDS databases were adopted to predict the potential targets of miRNAs while the TransmiR v2.0 database was used to obtain the experimentally supported TFs that regulate miRNAs. The TCGA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, and human protein atlas (HPA) databases and more than 10 sequencing data, including bulk RNA-seq, microRNA-seq, and scRNA-seq data related to hepatic development or lineage reprogramming, were obtained from both our or other published studies for validation.

Results

STEM analysis showed that during the maturation from hBTSCs to hAHeps, 52 miRNAs were downwardly expressed and 928 mRNA were upwardly expressed. Enrichment analyses revealed that those 52 miRNAs acted as pluripotency regulators for stem cells and participated in various novel signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and etc., while 928 mRNAs played important roles in liver-functional metabolism. With an extensive sorting of those key miRNAs and mRNAs based on the target prediction results, 23 genes were obtained which not only functioned as the targets of 17 miRNAs but were considered critical for the hepatic lineage commitment. A “TF-miRNA-Target” regulatory network for hepatic lineage commitment was therefore established and had been well validated by various datasets. The network revealed that the PI3K/AKT pathway was gradually suppressed during the hepatic commitment.

Conclusion

A total of 17 miRNAs act as suppressors during hepatic maturation mainly by regulating 23 targets and modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The regulatory network uncovers possible signatures and guidelines enabling us to identify or obtain the functional hepatocytes for future study.
A Sequence Type 23 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Presenting Carbapenem Resistance by Acquiring an IncP1 blaKPC-2 Plasmid
Authors: Yan Rushuang , Lu Ye , Zhu Yiwei , Lan Peng , Jiang Shengnan , Lu Jun , Shen Ping , Yu Yunsong , Zhou Jiancang , Jiang Yan
Published: June 2021

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are typically associated with severe infections and susceptible to most antimicrobial agents. In 2017, a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) strain was isolated from the sputum of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient in Zhejiang, China. The goal of the present study was to characterize the molecular features of the CR-hvKP isolate ZJ27003 and its blaKPC-2-harboring plasmid p27003_KPC. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution and agar dilution methods. String tests, serum-killing and mouse survival assays were performed to assess virulence, and plasmid conjugation was performed by filter mating. The complete genome sequence of ZJ27003 was acquired using a hybrid assembly of Illumina and Nanopore platform data. The sequence type (ST) of this CR-hvKP isolate was identified as ST23, which exhibits hypervirulence with high serum resistance and murine infection model. The strain is also resistant to carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem), aztreonam and cephalosporins. Additionally, the CR-hvKP isolate carries a 36,708-bp blaKPC-2-harboring plasmid, named p27003_KPC, belonging to the P1 incompatibility (Inc) group. The backbone of p27003_KPC is similar to that of a blaGES-5-harboring Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid, in which the blaGES-5 and its surrounding regions were replaced by a blaKPC-2-containing translocatable unit derived from Enterobacteriaceae. The results of a conjugation assay revealed that p27003_KPC can be transferred from K. pneumoniae to P. aeruginosa PAO1 and make the recipient resistant against carbapenem. The identification of a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolate carrying and disseminating the blaKPC-2 gene highlights a severe threat to public health.
Chronic Jet Lag Exacerbates Jejunal and Colonic Microenvironment in Mice
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Bo , Qiu Hong-Yi , Yan Xiu-Juan , Cheng Li , Wang Qian-Qian , Chen Sheng-Liang
Published: June 2021

Background

Evidence suggests that circadian rhythm disorder is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, and the circadian rhythm plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. The underlying mechanisms are still not completely identified. This study was aimed to explore whether jet lag-caused circadian disruption influences gut microbiome and its metabolites.

Methods

Mice were synchronized with 12-h light/dark cycles (control group) or subjected to daily 8-h advance of the light/dark cycle for every 3 days (jet-lagged group). Four months later, fecal samples and jejunal contents were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, fecal samples were subjected to metabolome analysis with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Results

The results of 16s rRNA sequencing showed that chronic jet lag led to decreased microbial abundance, richness, and diversity in both feces and jejunal contents. ANOSIM analysis revealed significant difference between control and jet-lagged groups. As the colonic microbiome, the abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly decreased and that of Actinobacteria phylum was increased in jet-lagged mice. Jet lag increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, an indicator for the imbalance of gut microbiota. Metabolome analysis of fecal samples showed that the levels of tryptophan and its derivatives were decreased in jet-lagged mice. In addition, fecal levels of secondary bile acids changed under jet lag conditions. Correlation analysis identified associations between tryptophan (and its derivatives) levels and colonic microbiota.

Conclusions

This study presents a comprehensive landscape of gut microbiota and its metabolites in mice subjected to chronic jet lag. The results suggest that circadian disruption may lead to changes in fecal and jejunal microbiota and fecal metabolites. Moreover, our results demonstrate a novel interplay between the gut microbiome and metabolome.
Viability and Infectivity of Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Short-Term Culture
Authors: Ramos Glenda Quaresma , Baia-da-Silva Djane Clarys , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Lopes Stefanie Costa Pinto
Published: June 2021

The control and elimination of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax both represent a great challenge due to the biological aspects of the species. Gametocytes are the forms responsible for the transmission of the parasite to the vector and the search for new strategies for blocking transmission are essential in a scenario of control and elimination The challenges in this search in regard to P. vivax mainly stem from the lack of a long-term culture and the limitation of studies of gametocytes. This study evaluated the viability and infectivity of P. vivax gametocytes in short-term culture. The samples enriched in gametocytes using Percoll (i), using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS®) (ii), and using non-enriched samples (iii) were evaluated. After the procedures, gametocytes were cultured in IMDM medium for up to 48 h. Cultured P. vivax gametocytes were viable and infectious for up to 48 h, however differences in viability and infectivity were observed in the samples after 12 h of culture in relation to 0 h. Percoll-enriched samples were shown to be viable in culture for longer intervals than those purified using MACS®. Gametocyte viability after enrichment procedures and short-term culture may provide new avenues in the development of methods for evaluating P. vivax TB.
Patient Safety Through Nursing Documentation: Barriers Identified by Healthcare Professionals and Students
Authors: Bjerkan Jorunn , Valderaune Victor , Olsen Rose Mari
Published: June 2021

Background: Although access to accurate patient documentation is recognized as a prerequisite for delivering of safe and continuous municipal elderly care, healthcare professionals often fail to provide comprehensive clinical information in an accurate and timely manner. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of healthcare professionals and healthcare students regarding existing barriers to patient safety through the performance of documentation practices.

Methods: Using a qualitative, exploratory design, this study conducted six focus group interviews with nurses and social educators (n = 12) involved in primary care practice and nursing and social educator bachelor’s degree students from a University College (n = 11). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis, which described barriers to patient safety and quality in documentation practices: “Individual factors,” “Social factors,” “Organizational factors,” and “Technological factors.” Each theme also included several sub-themes.

Conclusion: According to the findings, several barriers negatively influenced documentation practices and information exchange, which may place primary care patients in a vulnerable and exposed situation. To achieve successful documentation, increased awareness and efforts by the individual professional are necessary. However, primary care services must facilitate the achievement of these goals by providing adequate resources, clear mission statements, and understandable policies.
Hemadsorption as a Treatment Option for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With COVID-19. A Case Report
Authors: Ruiz-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Chiscano-Camón Luis , Palmada Clara , Ruiz-Sanmartin Adolf , García-de-Acilu Marina , Plata-Menchaca Erika , Perurena-Prieto Janire , Hernandez-Gonzalez Manuel , Pérez-Carrasco Marcos , Soler-Palacin Pere , Ferrer Ricard
Published: June 2021

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is characterized by hypercytokinemia leading to overwhelming inflammation. We describe the use of a hemadsorption device as part of the supportive treatment for cytokine storm.
Reviewing the Ecosystem Services, Societal Goods, and Benefits of Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Marcos Concepción , Díaz David , Fietz Katharina , Forcada Aitor , Ford Amanda , García-Charton José Antonio , Goñi Raquel , Lenfant Philippe , Mallol Sandra , Mouillot David , Pérez-Marcos María , Puebla Oscar , Manel Stephanie , Pérez-Ruzafa Angel
Published: June 2021

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are globally important environmental management tools that provide protection from the effects of human exploitation and activities, supporting the conservation of marine biological diversity, habitats, ecosystems and the processes they host, as well as resources in a broad sense. Consequently, they are also expected to manage and enhance marine ecosystem services and material, non-material, consumptive and non-consumptive goods, and benefits for humans. There is however certain confusion on what constitutes an ecosystem service, and it is not always easy to distinguish between them and societal benefits. The main nuance is that an ecosystem service is the aptitude an ecosystem has or develops naturally or as consequence of a management action, and that manifests through its own properties (productivity, diversity, stability, quality of its key parameters, etc.), while a societal benefit is the economic or other profitability (emotional, educational, scientific, etc.) that humans obtain from said service or quality. In this work, 268 publications, together with our own experiences in the different investigations carried out in the MPAs that are part of the BiodivERsA3-2015-21 RESERVEBENEFIT European project, have been selected, reviewed and discussed to analyze the knowledge status of the expected ecosystem services of MPAs and the societal benefits derived from them, sometimes providing information on their evidence, when they exist. We define and classify the effects of protection, ecosystem services and societal benefits and elaborate a conceptual model of the cause-effect relationships between them.
Developing UAV Monitoring of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands’ Iconic Land-Based Marine Predators
Authors: Dickens John , Hollyman Philip R. , Hart Tom , Clucas Gemma V. , Murphy Eugene J. , Poncet Sally , Trathan Philip N. , Collins Martin A.
Published: June 2021

Many remote islands present barriers to effective wildlife monitoring in terms of challenging terrain and frequency of visits. The sub-Antarctic islands of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are home to globally significant populations of seabirds and marine mammals. South Georgia hosts the largest breeding populations of Antarctic fur seals, southern elephant seals and king penguins as well as significant populations of wandering, black-browed and grey-headed albatross. The island also holds important populations of macaroni and gentoo penguins. The South Sandwich Islands host the world’s largest colony of chinstrap penguins in addition to major populations of Adélie and macaroni penguins. A marine protected area was created around these islands in 2012 but monitoring populations of marine predators remains a challenge, particularly as these species breed over large areas in remote and often inaccessible locations. During the 2019/20 austral summer, we trialled the use of an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV; drone) to monitor populations of seals, penguins and albatross and here we report our initial findings, including considerations about the advantages and limitations of the methodology. Three extensive southern elephant seal breeding sites were surveyed with complete counts made around the peak pupping date, two of these sites were last surveyed 24 years ago. A total of nine islands, historically recorded as breeding sites for wandering albatross, were surveyed with 144 fledglings and 48 adults identified from the aerial imagery. The UAV was effective at surveying populations of penguins that nest on flat, open terrain, such as Adélie and chinstrap penguin colonies at the South Sandwich Islands, and an extensive king penguin colony on South Georgia, but proved ineffective for monitoring macaroni penguins nesting in tussock habitat on South Georgia as individuals were obscured or hidden by vegetation. Overall, we show that UAV surveys can allow regular and accurate monitoring of these important wildlife populations.
Quality of Life Assessment Among Patients Living With Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis and Schistosomal Myeloradiculopathy
Authors: Roriz Silvana Júnia , Pereira Thiago Almeida , Vaz de Melo Trindade Guilherme , Caporali Júlia Fonseca de Morais , Lambertucci José Roberto
Published: June 2021

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in tropical areas of the world. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement is being widely used to evaluate the impact of a disease or treatment in several aspects of daily life. However, few studies evaluated the impact of severe forms of schistosomiasis on HRQOL of affected individuals and compared them to healthy controls with a similar socio-demographic background. Our aims were to evaluate the HRQOL in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HS) and schistosomal myeloradiculopathy (SMR) and healthy volunteers (HV) and determine if clinical complications of the disease are associated with HRQOL scores. We interviewed and evaluated the HRQOL in 49 patients with HS, 22 patients with SMR, and 26 HV from an outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Minas Gerais University Hospital using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. SMR and HS patients had a significantly lower overall quality of life score when comparing with the HV control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate ordinal regression model adjusted for sex, age, and educational level indicated that HS and SMR patients have three and five times more chances of having a lower quality of life than healthy volunteers (Odds Ratio 3.13 and 5.04, respectively). There was no association between complications of HS disease and quality of life scores. In contrast, worse quality of life was observed in SMR patients that presented back or leg pain, leg paresthesia, and bladder dysfunction. In conclusion, HS and SMR significantly impact the overall quality of life of the affected individuals, reinforcing the importance of efforts to control and eradicate this debilitating disease and suggesting that multidisciplinary clinical management of schistosomiasis patients would be more appropriate and could potentially improve patient's quality of life.
Impact of Olive Saplings and Organic Amendments on Soil Microbial Communities and Effects of Mineral Fertilization
Authors: Llimós Miquel , Segarra Guillem , Sancho-Adamson Marc , Trillas M. Isabel , Romanyà Joan
Published: June 2021

Plant communities and fertilization may have an impact on soil microbiome. Most commercial olive trees are minerally fertilized, while this practice is being replaced by the use of organic amendments. Organic amendments can both fertilize and promote plant growth-promoting organisms. Our aims were (i) to describe the changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities induced by the presence of young olive trees and their interaction with organic amendments and (ii) to compare the effects of mineral and organic fertilization. We set up two parallel experiments in pots using a previously homogenized soil collected from a commercial olive orchard: in the first one, we grew olive saplings in unamended and organically amended soils with two distinct composts and compared these two soils incubated without a plant, while in the second experiment, we comparatively tested the effects of organic and mineral fertilization. OTUs and the relative abundances of bacterial and fungal genera and phyla were analyzed by 16S rRNA and ITS1 gene amplicon using high-throughput sequencing. Basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration were measured by MicroRespTM. The effects of the different treatments were analyzed in all phyla and in the 100 most abundant genera. The presence of olive saplings increased substrate-induced respiration and bacterial and fungal richness and diversity. Organic amendments greatly affected both bacterial and fungal phyla and increased bacterial richness while not affecting fungal richness. Mineral fertilization increased the relative abundance of the less metabolically active bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria and Firmicutes), while it reduced the most metabolically active phylum, Bacteroidetes. Mineral fertilization increased the relative abundance of three N2-fixing Actinobacteria genera, while organic fertilization only increased one genus of Proteobacteria. In organically and minerally fertilized soils, high basal respiration rates were associated with low fungal diversity. Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota relative abundances positively correlated with basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration, while Ascomycota correlated negatively. Indeed, the Ascomycota phyla comprised most of the fungal genera decreased by organic amendments. The symbiotrophic phylum Glomeromycota did not correlate with any of the C sources. The relative abundance of this phylum was promoted by the presence of plants but decreased when amending soils with composts.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Reduces the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Chickens
Authors: Guo Mengjiao , Zhang Congyue , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhang Xiaorong , Wu Yantao
Published: June 2021

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a recognized probiotic that is widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. This study found that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) strain can reduce the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells by 75.7% and inhibit 41.7% of the E. coli that adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, LGG showed strong inhibitory ability on the growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro. Furthermore, the influence of LGG on the growth performance, intestinal flora, immunity, and disease resistance of chickens was explored. Chickens fed with LGG exhibited increased average daily weight gain and concentrations of sIgA, IgG, and IgM than did controls. After 21 days of feeding, a diet with LGG increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and maintained intestinal health. Moreover, LGG promoted immunologic barriers by upregulating cytokines and chemokines via the Toll-like receptor. The major pro-inflammatory factors, including Myd88, NF-κB, Il6, and Il8, were upregulated compared to controls. After being challenged with E. coli, the survival rate of chickens fed with LGG was significantly higher than those in the control group, and decreased numbers of E. coli were detected in the heart and lungs of the LGG group. In summary, oral administration of LGG to chickens could improve growth performance, maintain intestinal homeostasis, and enhance innate immune response and disease resistance.