bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching specific biomolecular interactions on surfaces under complex biological conditions
Authors: Lashkor Minhaj , Rawson Frankie J. , Preece Jon A. , Mendes Paula M.
Published: August 2014

Electrically switchable surfaces based on oligopeptides are ubiquitous in both switching specific protein interactions in highly fouling media while still offering the non-specific protein-resistance to the surface.
Linear dependence of the water proton transverse relaxation rate on the shear modulus of hydrogels
Authors: Feng Y. , Taraban M. B. , Yu Y. B.
Published: August 2014

It is found that hydrogelation of peptides enhances the transverse relaxation rate R2 of water protons, and the magnitude of such R2 enhancement increases linearly with the shear modulus G of hydrogels.
A cleavable azide resin for direct click chemistry mediated enrichment of alkyne-labeled proteins
Authors: Sibbersen Christian , Lykke Lennart , Gregersen Niels , Jørgensen Karl Anker , Johannsen Mogens
Published: August 2014

The direct conjugation of a labeled proteome to a cleavable azide resin utilizing the copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition is demonstrated.
A composite cathode based on scandium doped titanate with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards direct carbon dioxide electrolysis
Authors: Yang Liming , Xie Kui , Wu Lan , Qin Qingqing , Zhang Jun , Zhang Yong , Xie Ting , Wu Yucheng
Published: August 2014

The cathode with scandium-doped titanate remarkably improves the catalytic activity for carbon dioxide electrolysis in an oxide-ion-conducting solid oxide electrolyser.
Dihaloborenium cations stabilized by a four-membered N-heterocyclic carbene: electron deficiency compensation by asymmetric structural changes
Authors: Tay Madelyn Qin Yi , Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Lu Yunpeng , Ganguly Rakesh , Rei Kinjo , Vidović Dragoslav
Published: August 2014

Coordination of the four membered carbene ligand to electron deficient dihaloborenium moieties has resulted in asymmetric structural changes for the ligand's CN2P cyclic fragment.
Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for potential delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and hyperthermia
Authors: Tao Cuilian , Zhu Yufang
Published: August 2014

Magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) nanoparticles could provide a promising multifunctional platform for the combination of chemotherapy and hyperthermia.
Non-covalent interactions in coinage metal complexes of 1,2,4-triazole-based N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Turek Jan , Panov Illia , Švec Petr , Růžičková Zdeňka , Růžička Aleš
Published: August 2014

Non-covalent interactions were revealed in the complete series of coinage metal complexes of the type (NHC)MX (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = Cl, Br, I) bearing 1,2,4-triazole based NHCs.
Variation of guest selectivity within [Fe4L4]8+ tetrahedral cages through subtle modification of the face-capping ligand
Authors: Ferguson Alan , Staniland Robert W. , Fitchett Christopher M. , Squire Marie A. , Williamson Bryce E. , Kruger Paul E.
Published: August 2014

We report here the host–guest behaviour of two isoelectronic [Fe4L4]8+ tetrahedral cages that differ only in the nature of their face-capping ligand and possess either triazine (L1) or benzene (L2) cores.
Metal–organic frameworks based on the [1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl]-3,3′′,5,5′′-tetracarboxylic acid ligand: syntheses, structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Lv Xiaofeng , Liu Lu , Huang Chao , Guo Li'an , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei , Fan Yaoting
Published: August 2014

Five coordination polymers containing transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni) and the organic ligand [1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl]-3,3′′,5,5′′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4TPTA) were synthesized and characterized. Moreover, the magnetism of complexes 3–5 is also discussed.
Depth profile analysis of solar cell silicon by GD-MS
Authors: Di Sabatino M. , Modanese C. , Arnberg L.
Published: August 2014

Comparison of SIMS (top) and GD-MS (bottom) analyses on sample R6-2b (implanted B). dc HR-GD-MS can be used for depth profile analysis of impurities in PV Si with good sensitivity and a depth resolution of 0.5 μm. Concentration profiles of samples contaminated with B, P and Ti agreed well with implanted levels. For fast diffusing transition elements,e.g.Fe and Cu, different impurity distribution mechanisms occur. This should be taken into account when analysing these impurities.
Structural biology and chemistry of protein arginine methyltransferases
Authors: Schapira Matthieu , Ferreira de Freitas Renato
Published: August 2014

PRMT inhibitors can compete with cofactor, substrate, or bind at allosteric sites found in the active or inactive states.
A new insight into the zinc-dependent DNA-cleavage by the colicin E7 nuclease: a crystallographic and computational study
Authors: Czene Anikó , Tóth Eszter , Németh Eszter , Otten Harm , Poulsen Jens-Christian N. , Christensen Hans E. M. , Rulíšek Lubomír , Nagata Kyosuke , Larsen Sine , Gyurcsik Béla
Published: August 2014

The crystal structure of a colicin E7 metallonuclease mutant complemented by QM/MM calculations suggests an alternative catalytic mechanism of Zn2+-containing HNH nucleases.
Stoichiometric formation of conjugated dienyl ketones from 1,3-dienes and ketenes at a ruthenium(0) centre
Authors: Hirano Masafumi , Okamoto Takuya , Komine Nobuyuki , Komiya Sanshiro
Published: August 2014

The first example of the formation of dienyl ketone is reported by linear cross-dimerisation between 1,3-diene and ketene at a Ru(0) centre.
Generic phosphatase activity detection using zinc mediated aggregation modulation of polypeptide-modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Selegård Robert , Enander Karin , Aili Daniel
Published: August 2014

A generic plasmonic assay for rapid detection and characterization of a wide range of phosphatases using different natural substrates is described that exploit the enzymatic release of inorganic phosphate to control the aggregation of nanoparticles functionalized with a designed Zn2+responsive polypeptide.
Asymmetric total synthesis of paecilomycin E, 10′-epi-paecilomycin E and 6′-epi-cochliomycin C
Authors: Pal Pratik , Jana Nandan , Nanda Samik
Published: August 2014

The asymmetric total syntheses of paecilomycin E and its stereoisomers have been disclosed by employing the late stage Mitsunobu macrolactonization reaction.
The importance of chain conformational mobility during 5-exo-cyclizations of C-, N- and O-centred radicals
Authors: Walton John C.
Published: August 2014

The access angle of a radical centre to an alkene acceptor was found to be a key parameter that pinpointed difficult chain reorganizations as responsible for the slow 5-exocyclizations of N-centred radicals.
Subtle Mitsunobu couplings under super-heating: the role of high-throughput continuous flow and microwave strategies
Authors: Manvar Atul , Shah Anamik
Published: August 2014

Fragile Mitsunobu reaction can efficiently be performed under super-heating.
Influence of interface combination of reduced graphene oxide/P25 composites on their visible photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Yueli , Chen Keqiang , Xiong Mengyun , Zhou Peng , Peng Zhuoyin , Yang Guojie , Cheng Yuqing , Wang Ruibing , Chen Wen
Published: August 2014

0.75 wt% RGO/P25 composite possesses a photodegradation rate of 100% after 120 and 150 minutes of irradiation under UV and visible light, respectively.
Sorption of dyes and Cu(ii) ions from wastewater by sonochemically synthesized MnWO4 and MnMoO4 nanostructures
Authors: Dutta Dimple P. , Mathur Aakash , Ramkumar Jayshree , Tyagi Avesh Kumar
Published: August 2014

Sonochemically synthesized MnWO4 and MnMoO4 nanomaterials with superior sorption for cationic dyes like Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue.
Regioselective synthesis of novel and diverse naphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-carboxamides and benzofuran-3-carboxamides by cascade formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Xia Likai , Lee Yong Rok
Published: August 2014

The regioselective synthesis of diverse naphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-amides and benzofuran-3-amides was accomplished by the In(OTf)3-catalyzed cascade formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,4-naphthoquinones or benzoquinones with β-ketoamides.
Potential apoptosis inducing agents based on a new benzimidazole schiff base ligand and its dicopper(ii) complex
Authors: Paul Anup , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Dubey Mrigendra , Sharma Gunjan , Koch Biplob , Hundal Geeta , Hundal Maninderjeet Singh , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: August 2014

Synthesis, characterization and DNA/protein binding studies of new benzimidazole based dicopper(ii) complex inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells have been presented.
Preparation of multifunctional microchannel-network graphene foams
Authors: Yan Jun , Ding Yi , Hu Chuangang , Cheng Huhu , Chen Nan , Feng Zhihai , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti
Published: August 2014

A three-dimensional microchannel-network graphene foams with high performance supercapacitors and excellent adsorption function was fabricated.
Photonic crystal coupled porous BiVO4 hybrid for efficient photocatalysis under visible light irradiation
Authors: Huo Tianyu , Zhang Xiufang , Dong Xiaoli , Zhang Xinxin , Ma Chun , Wang Guowen , Ma Hongchao , Xue Mang
Published: August 2014

A bilayer TiO2 photonic crystal (PC)/porous BiVO4 was constructed by using liquid-phase deposition (LPD) and spin coating method for the enhancement of visible-light-driven photocatalytic ability by the improvement of light absorbance.
Hybrid feature selection method for gene expression analysis
Authors: Wang Liping , Han B.L.
Published: August 2014

Feature selection is important and necessary for disease classification and prediction using high‐dimensional gene expression data. A hybrid method integrating sparse representation with a two‐sample statistical t‐test to construct features from high‐throughput microarray data is presented. The approach takes account of gene interaction and reduces the variable dimension by sparse linear combination, as well as considers the discriminative power of genes using component regression. Under the recurrent independence rule for classification, the experiment results on real data demonstrate the improvements of this hybrid technique over conventional methods.
Kernel canonical correlation analysis for specific radar emitter identification
Authors: Shi Ya , Ji Hongbing
Published: August 2014

Based on the kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) and the ambiguity function (AF) description of radar signals, a novel hybrid fusion method for specific radar emitter identification is proposed. The near‐zero Doppler slices of the AF are firstly encoded by the corresponding kernel matrices. Then, these kernels are divided into two groups and a uniform combined kernel is calculated for each group, which contains the idea of kernel‐level fusion. Given the two integrated kernels, KCCA is employed to extract the discriminative features for classification, which is a common feature‐level fusion method. The proposed method can not only avoid searching for the representative Doppler slice of the AF (AFR), but also obtain better performance than the AFR because of the information fusion strategy. Finally, the experimental results on two real radar data demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Improving fast S‐parameter convolution by optimising reference impedance
Authors: Goh P. , Schutt‐Ainé J.E.
Published: August 2014

A method to perform fast transient simulations of interconnects by modelling the impulse responses of the S‐parameters as discrete impulses, and then retaining only those with significant magnitudes has recently been shown to be faster than the present state‐of‐the‐art method of curve fitting to a rational function model. An improvement to the fast convolution method by first optimising the choice of reference impedance used in the dataset is proposed. The method is seen to yield computational savings while retaining the accuracy.
Information‐enhanced sparse binary matrix in compressed sensing for ECG
Authors: Luo Kan , Wang Zhigang , Li Jianqing , Yanakieva R. , Cuschieri A.
Published: August 2014

An information‐enhanced sparse binary matrix (IESBM) is proposed to improve the quality of the recovered ECG signal from compressed sensing. With the detection of the area of interest and the enhanced measurement model, the IESBM increases the information entropy of the compressed signal and preserves more information during compression; thus, it guarantees a high‐quality recovery. The experimental results indicate that the proposed matrix is suitable for compressed sensing of the ECG signal with small distortions in both overall and the concerned diagnostic segments.
UV electroluminescence from p‐ZnO:P/n‐ZnO homojunction diode
Authors: Nagar S. , Chakrabarti S.
Published: August 2014

The reliability of p‐type ZnO thin films obtained by phosphorus implantation, using plasma‐immersion ion implantation, followed by rapid thermal annealing is reported. Also reported is the fabrication of a ZnO‐based homojunction light‐emitting diode. Low‐temperature photoluminescence measurements after six months showed a dominant free electron‐to‐acceptor peak for samples annealed at 900 and 1000°C, confirming the formation of p‐type films. Room‐temperature electroluminescence spectra for the p‐ZnO:P/n‐ZnO homojunction diode revealed ultraviolet (UV) emission at 3.18 eV; however, the dominant peak was observed at 1.8 eV because of a deep‐level defect peak. Achieving dominant UV emission requires further optimisation of the device structure.
Automatic marker generation for watershed segmentation of natural images
Authors: Sigut J. , Fumero F. , Nuñez O. , Sigut M.
Published: August 2014

Automatic marker selection for watershed segmentation is a difficult problem. Most of the existing procedures are intended for specific application fields and usually require some prior knowledge about the problem at hand. A simple and general method for generating markers is proposed. The markers are obtained from the splitting of the three‐dimensional (3D) colour histogram of the image and imposed as minima for watershed segmentation. The method has been tested on natural images from the Berkeley segmentation dataset (BSDS500), showing results comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation algorithms.
Development of the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy and the beam emission spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak
Authors: Li Y. Y. , Fu J. , Lyu B. , Du X. W. , Li C. Y. , Zhang Y. , Yin X. H. , Yu Y. , Wang Q. P. , von Hellermann M. , Shi Y. J. , Ye M. Y. , Wan B. N.
Published: August 2014

Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) and Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) diagnostics based on a heating neutral beam have recently been installed on EAST to provide local measurements of ion temperature, velocity, and density. The system design features common light collection optics for CXRS and BES, background channels for the toroidal views, multi-chord viewing sightlines, and high throughput lens-based spectrometers with good signal to noise ratio for high time resolution measurements. Additionally, two spectrometers each has a tunable grating to observe any wavelength of interest are used for the CXRS and one utilizes a fixed-wavelength grating to achieve higher diffraction efficiency for the BES system. A real-time wavelength correction is implemented to achieve a high-accuracy wavelength calibration. Alignment and calibration are performed. Initial performance test results are presented.
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber thinning and the homo-interface model: Influence of Mo back contact and 3-stage process on device characteristics
Authors: Leonard E. , Arzel L. , Tomassini M. , Zabierowski P. , Fuertes Marrón D. , Barreau N.
Published: August 2014

Thinning the absorber layer is one of the possibilities envisaged to further decrease the production costs of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) thin films solar cell technology. In the present study, the electronic transport in submicron CIGSe-based devices has been investigated and compared to that of standard devices. It is observed that when the absorber is around 0.5 μm-thick, tunnelling enhanced interface recombination dominates, which harms cells energy conversion efficiency. It is also shown that by varying either the properties of the Mo back contact or the characteristics of 3-stage growth processing, one can shift the dominating recombination mechanism from interface to space charge region and thereby improve the cells efficiency. Discussions on these experimental facts led to the conclusions that 3-stage process implies the formation of a CIGSe/CIGSe homo-interface, whose location as well as properties rule the device operation; its influence is enhanced in submicron CIGSe based solar cells.
Low voltage pulse injection test of a single-stage 1 MV prototype induction voltage adder cell
Authors: Wei Hao , Sun Fengju , Liang Tianxue , Yin Jiahui , Dang Tengfei , Zeng Jiangtao , Cong Peitian , Qiu Aici
Published: August 2014

Low voltage pulse injection tests have been done on a 1 MV prototype induction cell. The tests mainly aim at measuring azimuthal uniformity of feed currents and evaluating cell electrical parameters. Tests are conducted under two cases that the cell is fed by a single pulse and two pulses, respectively. The results indicate that, in the case of the single-point feed, the best current uniformity with an azimuthal variation of 19.3% is acquired when azimuthal lines connect to cathode plates with lower half circumferences. In the case of two-pulse synchronous feed, the current uniformity becomes better, and a current with an azimuthal variation of 11.8% is achieved. Moreover, the effects of asynchronous feed on current uniformity are also experimentally investigated. The results imply that, for given injecting pulses with the duration of 70–80 ns, a time deviation less than 30 ns could be acceptable, without obvious degradation on the feed uniformity and current addition. In addition, the influences of the current uniformity and amounts of feed pulses on cell equivalent inductances are evaluated. The experiment results show that, the equivalent inductance would nearly keep a value of 130 nH as the current variation is less than 50%. However, the extreme asymmetry of feed currents or the increase of amounts of feed pulses would produce additional inductance.
Hydrotreatment of bio-oil over Pd-based catalysts
Authors: Zhai Yunpu , Zhu Peihong , Li Songling , Zhang Changsen , Li Zhijun , Xu Xingmin , Chen Gaofeng , Tan Zhichao , Zhang Ruiqin , Liu Yonggang
Published: August 2014

Catalytic performance of palladium supported on activated carbons and mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-SBA-15 were investigated at 300 °C under 8 MPa H2 for hydrotreating of bio-oil model compounds, including phenol, anisole, and furfural. With Pd/C catalysts, phenol, anisole, and furfural have been mainly hydrogenated into cyclohexanol, 1-methoxycyclohexane and (tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-methanol, respectively. Pd/C shows high hydrogenation activity, but poor deoxygenation ability. Differently, in the presence of Pd/Al-SBA-15, the main hydrotreating products of phenol, anisole, and furfural are cyclohexane, cyclohexane, and tetrahydropyran. The high hydrodeoxygenation activity of Pd/Al-SBA-15 is due to the synergistic effect of the noble metal, which has high hydrogenation ability and the support, which has acidic property, high surface area, and large pore size.
An experimental study of the flow through and over two dimensional rectangular roughness elements: Deductions for urban boundary layer parameterizations and exchange processes
Authors: Neophytou M. K.-A. , Markides C. N. , Fokaides P. A.
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the flow through and over two-dimensional rectangular roughness elements, arranged in a building-street canyon geometry through a series of experiments. Geometries of different packing densities of the roughness elements (λp) were examined and the packing density values ranged from λp = 0.30 to 0.67. The purpose of the work is: (i) to investigate the flow physics observed both at the boundary layer scale as well as at the scale within the roughness elements for a range of packing densities, (ii) to deduce parameterizations of the adjusted rough boundary layer and their variation with a change in the packing density, and (iii) given a particular interest in and application to the urban atmosphere, a final aim at the roughness-element scale is to deduce the variation of the breathability with the packing density variation. Particle image velocimetery measurements of the velocity flow field as well as the turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds Stress (within and up to well-above the street canyons) were conducted. The results reveal qualitative flow features as well as features of the adjusted boundary layer structure—in particular the roughness and inertial sublayers, which can be associated with the surface roughness length, zero-plane displacement thickness, and the friction velocity. The lowest friction velocities are exhibited in the geometries with the highest- and lowest packing densities while the maximum friction velocities are observed in the medium-packed geometries. The exchange processes and breathability at the level of the roughness elements top were characterized and quantified by a mean exchange velocity. The results show that unlike friction velocity, the normalized exchange velocity (over the mean bulk velocity) for the most dense and sparse geometries differ by more than 80%, with the denser-packed geometries exhibiting lower exchange velocities; this is shown to be related with the thickness of the developed roughness sublayer.
Location of the essential spectrum in curved quantum layers
Authors: Krejčiřík David , Lu Zhiqin
Published: August 2014

We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian in tubular neighbourhoods of complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds immersed in the Euclidean space. We show that the essential spectrum coincides with the spectrum of a planar tube provided that the second fundamental form of the manifold vanishes at infinity and the transport of the cross-section along the manifold is asymptotically parallel. For low dimensions and codimension, the result applies to the location of propagating states in nanostructures under physically natural conditions.
Structure and dynamics of confined flexible and unentangled polymer melts in highly adsorbing cylindrical pores
Authors: Carrillo Jan-Michael Y. , Sumpter Bobby G.
Published: August 2014

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to probe the dynamic phenomena of polymer melts confined in nanopores. The simulation results show excellent agreement in the values obtained for the normalized coherent single chain dynamic structure factor, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\frac{S(Q,\Delta t)}{S(Q,0)}$\end{document}S(Q,Δt)S(Q,0). In the bulk configuration, both simulations and experiments confirm that the polymer chains follow Rouse dynamics. However, under confinement, the Rouse modes are suppressed. The mean-square radius of gyration \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle R_g^2\rangle $\end{document}⟨Rg2⟩ and the average relative shape anisotropy ⟨κ2⟩ of the conformation of the polymer chains indicate a pancake-like conformation near the surface and a bulk-like conformation near the center of the confining cylinder. This was confirmed by direct visualization of the polymer chains. Despite the presence of these different conformations, the average form factor of the confined chains still follows the Debye function which describes linear ideal chains, which is in agreement with small angle neutron scattering experiments (SANS). The experimentally inaccessible mean-square displacement (MSD) of the confined monomers, calculated as a function of radial distance from the pore surface, was obtained in the simulations. The simulations show a gradual increase of the MSD from the adsorbed, but mobile layer, to that similar to the bulk far away from the surface.
First-principles studies on graphene-supported transition metal clusters
Authors: Sahoo Sanjubala , Gruner Markus E. , Khanna Shiv N. , Entel Peter
Published: August 2014

Theoretical studies on the structure, stability, and magnetic properties of icosahedral TM13 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni) clusters, deposited on pristine (defect free) and defective graphene sheet as well as graphene flakes, have been carried out within a gradient corrected density functional framework. The defects considered in our study include a carbon vacancy for the graphene sheet and a five-membered and a seven-membered ring structures for graphene flakes (finite graphene chunks). It is observed that the presence of defect in the substrate has a profound influence on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of graphene-transition metal complexes, thereby increasing the binding strength of the TM cluster on to the graphene substrate. Among TM13 clusters, Co13 is absorbed relatively more strongly on pristine and defective graphene as compared to Fe13 and Ni13 clusters. The adsorbed clusters show reduced magnetic moment compared to the free clusters.
Magnetohydrodynamic modes analysis and control of Fusion Advanced Studies Torus high-current scenarios
Authors: Villone F. , Calabrò G. , Marchiori G. , Mastrostefano S. , Vlad G. , Bolzonella T. , Crisanti F. , Fusco V. , Liu Y. Q. , Mantica P. , Marrelli L. , Martin P.
Published: August 2014

One of the main FAST (Fusion Advanced Studies Torus) goals is to have a flexible experiment capable to test tools and scenarios for safe and reliable tokamak operation, in order to support ITER and help the final DEMO design. In particular, in this paper, we focus on operation close to a possible border of stability related to low-q operation. To this purpose, a new FAST scenario has then been designed at Ip = 10 MA, BT = 8.5 T, q95 ≈ 2.3. Transport simulations, carried out by using the code JETTO and the first principle transport model GLF23, indicate that, under these conditions, FAST could achieve an equivalent Q ≈ 3.5. FAST will be equipped with a set of internal active coils for feedback control, which will produce magnetic perturbation with toroidal number n = 1 or n = 2. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mode analysis and feedback control simulations performed with the codes MARS, MARS-F, CarMa (both assuming the presence of a perfect conductive wall and using the exact 3D resistive wall structure) show the possibility of the FAST conductive structures to stabilize n = 1 ideal modes. This leaves therefore room for active mitigation of the resistive mode (down to a characteristic time of 1 ms) for safety purposes, i.e., to avoid dangerous MHD-driven plasma disruption, when working close to the machine limits and magnetic and kinetic energy density not far from reactor values.
Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the effective wind and solar energy in the Bohai Bay coastal area
Authors: Chao Jinlong , Gu Wei , Li Ying , Xu Yingjun , Zhang Hua , Tao Jun
Published: August 2014

This study used the meteorological data of 11 cities to calculate the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of the effective wind and solar energy along the coastal area of Bohai Bay, China. The results show that the effective wind energy decreases with an increased distance from the sea within a 120 km range of the sea; the maximum proportion of the effective wind energy is in the spring, and the minimum is in August. In addition to the effect of latitude, the spatial distribution of solar energy is also related to the proportion of sunlight. The solar energy allocation each month was consistently higher than the effective wind energy in the study area, it comes to maximum in June and minimum in December. Coupling the utilization of wind and solar energy not only extends the utilization time but it can also improve the guarantee rate of clean energy. The gradation of wind and solar energy's combined guarantee rate is greatest in May, followed by June, April, March, and July; the combined energy supply in other months is lower and varies little. The spring and summer months, which have a high proportion of combined wind and solar energy, require the most electricity for agricultural production in the study area. Thus, the supply and demand of energy correspond well and great potential exists for the comprehensive utilization and development of wind and solar energy in the study region.
Local structure of CuxZn2−xTiO4 inverse spinel
Authors: Ruiz-Fuertes J. , Bernert T. , He M. , Winkler B. , Vinograd V. L. , Milman V.
Published: August 2014

Structural and vibrational changes due to the incorporation of Cu in the CuxZn2−xTiO4 inverse spinel solid solution have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show that the structure remains cubic while the unit-cell volume decreases on Cu2+ incorporation. The compositional dependencies of the Raman frequencies and linewidths indicate the incorporation of Cu2+ into tetrahedral sites. The A1g tetrahedral mode frequency becomes independent on composition for x > 0.6. This is attributed to the limited incorporation of Cu2+ in the tetrahedral sites at Cu-rich compositions. Ab initio calculations with quasi-random structures reveal only a slight energetic preference of Cu2+ for octahedral over tetrahedral sites.
Effects of hydrogen plasma treatment on the electrical behavior of solution-processed ZnO transistors
Authors: Jeong Yesul , Pearson Christopher , Lee Yong Uk , Ahn Kyun , Cho Chae-Ryong , Hwang Jaeeun , Kim Hongdoo , Do Lee-Mi , Petty Michael C.
Published: August 2014

The effects of hydrogen plasma treatment on the active layer of top-contact zinc oxide thin film transistors are reported. The transfer characteristics of the reference devices exhibited large hysteresis effects and an increasing positive threshold voltage (VTH) shift on repeated measurements. In contrast, following the plasma processing, the corresponding characteristics of the transistors exhibited negligible hysteresis and a very small VTH shift; the devices also possessed higher field effect carrier mobility values. These results were attributed to the presence of functional groups in the vicinity of the semiconductor/gate insulator interface, which prevents the formation of an effective channel.
Fiber-optic thermometer application of thermal radiation from rare-earth end-doped SiO2 fiber
Authors: Katsumata Toru , Morita Kentaro , Komuro Shuji , Aizawa Hiroaki
Published: August 2014

Visible light thermal radiation from SiO2 glass doped with Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu were studied for the fiber-optic thermometer application based on the temperature dependence of thermal radiation. Thermal radiations according to Planck's law of radiation are observed from the SiO2 fibers doped with Y, La, Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, and Lu at the temperature above 1100 K. Thermal radiations due to f-f transitions of rare-earth ions are observed from the SiO2 fibers doped with Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb at the temperature above 900 K. Peak intensities of thermal radiations from rare-earth doped SiO2 fibers increase sensitively with temperature. Thermal activation energies of thermal radiations by f-f transitions seen in Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb doped SiO2 fibers are smaller than those from SiO2 fibers doped with Y, La, Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, and Lu. Thermal radiation due to highly efficient f-f transitions in Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb ions emits more easily than usual thermal radiation process. Thermal radiations from rare-earth doped SiO2 are potentially applicable for the fiber-optic thermometry above 900 K.
First principles study on the electronic transport properties of C60 and B80 molecular bridges
Authors: Zheng X. H. , Hao H. , Lan J. , Wang X. L. , Shi X. Q. , Zeng Z.
Published: August 2014

The electronic transport properties of molecular bridges constructed by C60 and B80 molecules which have the same symmetry are investigated by first principles calculations combined with a non-equilibrium Green's function technique. It is found that, like C60, monomer B80 is a good conductor arising from the charge transfer from the leads to the molecule, while the dimer (B80)2 and (C60)2 are both insulators due to the potential barrier formed at the molecule-molecule interface. Our further study shows that, although both the homogeneous dimer (B80)2 and (C60)2 display poor conductivity, the heterogeneous dimer B80C60 shows a very high conductance as a result from the decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and the excess charge redistribution. Finally, we find that the conductivity of both (B80)2 and (C60)2 can be significantly improved by electron doping, for example, by doping C in (B80)2 and doping N in (C60)2.
A highly sensitive broadband planar metal-oxide-semiconductor photo detector fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate
Authors: Mikhelashvili V. , Cristea D. , Meyler B. , Yofis S. , Shneider Y. , Atiya G. , Cohen-Hyams T. , Kauffmann Y. , Kaplan W. D. , Eisenstein G.
Published: August 2014

A high sensitivity photo-detector operating in the 245 to 880 nm wavelength range is reported. It is based on a planar Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) structure fabricated on an insulator on silicon substrate where the insulator layer comprises a double layer dielectric stack of SiO2-HfO2. The MOS detector undergoes a voltage stress process after which it exhibits a record high responsivity of 0.4 A/W at 500–600 nm and 0.1 A/W at the spectrum edges, 245 and 880 nm. The structure is significantly simpler to fabricate than P-N or P-I-N junction devices and offers a lower dark current than Metal-Semiconductor-Metal diodes. Oxygen vacancies induced in the HfO2 sub-layer by the voltage stress form the conduction paths of the photo generated carriers. The penetration, under reverse bias conditions, of holes originating in the Si depletion layer is improved under illumination since their potential barrier is lowered. The compatibility with complimentary MOS technology processes makes this new structure attractive for many applications.
A theoretical study of blue phosphorene nanoribbons based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Xie Jiafeng , Si M. S. , Yang D. Z. , Zhang Z. Y. , Xue D. S.
Published: August 2014

Based on first-principles calculations, we present a quantum confinement mechanism for the band gaps of blue phosphorene nanoribbons (BPNRs) as a function of their widths. The BPNRs considered have either armchair or zigzag shaped edges on both sides with hydrogen saturation. Both the two types of nanoribbons are shown to be indirect semiconductors. An enhanced energy gap of around 1 eV can be realized when the ribbon's width decreases to ∼10 Å. The underlying physics is ascribed to the quantum confinement effect. More importantly, the parameters to describe quantum confinement are obtained by fitting the calculated band gaps with respect to their widths. The results show that the quantum confinement in armchair nanoribbons is stronger than that in zigzag ones. This study provides an efficient approach to tune the band gap in BPNRs.
Specific, trace gas induced phase transition in copper(II)oxide for highly selective gas sensing
Authors: Kneer J. , Wöllenstein J. , Palzer S.
Published: August 2014

Here, we present results on the investigation of the percolation phase transition in copper(II)oxide (CuO) and show how it may be used to determine trace gas concentrations. This approach provides a highly selective sensing mechanism for the detection of hydrogen sulfide even in oxygen depleted atmospheres. In real-world applications, this scenario is encountered in biogas plants and natural gas facilities, where reliable H2S sensing and filtering are important because of the destructive effects H2S has on machinery. As opposed to gas detection via standard metal-oxide reaction routes, the percolation dynamics are demonstrated to be independent of the surface morphology in accordance with the universality of phase transitions. The sensing behavior of ink-jet printed CuO layers was tested for a large set of parameters including layer temperature, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxygen concentration, as well as the sensitivity towards other gas species. The electrical percolation of the sensing layer is heralded by a dramatic drop in the overall resistivity of the CuO layer for temperatures below 200 °C. The observed percolation phenomena in this temperature regime are unique to H2S even in comparison with related volatile thio-compounds making the sensing mechanism highly selective. At elevated temperatures above 300 °C, the phase transition does not occur. This enables two distinct operational modes which are tunable via the sensor temperature and also allows for resetting the sensing layer after an electrical breakthrough.
From the Wrong Point of View! Athletes' Ability to Identify Structured Playing Patterns Suffers from the Misalignment of Tactic Boards during Time-outs in Professional Basketball
Authors: Schul Karsten , Memmert Daniel , Weigelt Matthias , Jansen Petra
Published: August 2014

In professional basketball, coaches commonly use time-outs to instruct players on the upcoming playing pattern. In an explorative study a total of 154 time-outs in professional basketball were analyzed and the data revealed that coaches usually present these playing patterns from their own viewing perspective on the tactic board. This habit leads to a misalignment of the instructed playing pattern with the viewing perspective of players, so that they have to mentally rotate the pattern's spatial–temporal information before they can execute the action on the court. In an experimental study thirty-two basketball experts and forty-eight novices watched video clips of different playing patterns, which were presented from their own or from a coaches' viewing perspective. Identification performance suffered significantly for experts and novices when the upcoming pattern was presented upside down. It is suggested that basketball coaches should align their tactic boards with the viewing perspective of their athletes during time-outs.
PvLOX2 silencing in common bean roots impairs arbuscular mycorrhiza-induced resistance without affecting symbiosis establishment
Authors: Mora-Romero Guadalupe A. , Gonzalez-Ortiz Maria A. , Quiroz-Figueroa Francisco , Calderon-Vazquez Carlos L. , Medina-Godoy Sergio , Maldonado-Mendoza Ignacio , Arroyo-Becerra Analilia , Perez-Torres Anahí , Alatorre-Cobos Fulgencio , Sanchez Federico , Lopez-Meyer Melina
Published: August 2014

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is an intimate association between specific soil-borne fungi and the roots of most land plants. AM colonisation elicits an enhanced defence resistance against pathogens, known as mycorrhizal-induced resistance (MIR). This mechanism locally and systemically sensitises plant tissues to boost their basal defence response. Although a role for oxylipins in MIR has been proposed, it has not yet been experimentally confirmed. In this study, when the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lipoxygenase PvLOX2 was silenced in roots of composite plants, leaves of silenced plants lost their capacity to exhibit MIR against the foliar pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, even though they were colonised normally. PvLOX6, a LOX gene family member, is involved in JA biosynthesis in the common bean. Downregulation of PvLOX2 and PvLOX6 in leaves of PvLOX2 root-silenced plants coincides with the loss of MIR, suggesting that these genes could be involved in the onset and spreading of the mycorrhiza-induced defence response.
Does current behaviour predict the course of children's physical fitness?
Authors: Augste Claudia , Lämmle Lena , Künzell Stefan
Published: August 2014

The secular trend of reduced physical fitness (PF) leads to increased health risks. The aim of the present paper is to analyse various current factors that affect health behaviour with respect to the course of PF over 2 years. A path analysis combined with a latent growth curve analysis was based on a study that was conducted between June 2008 and June 2010 with 145 primary German school children (52.1% male, average age at baseline 7.95 years ± 0.95). PF was tested with the German Motor Test 6–18. For the mean PF and the course of PF, direct and indirect influences were shown over three levels, including migration background on the first level and physical activity (PA) on the second level. Body mass index (BMI) impacted the mean PF but not the course of PF. The influence of sedentary behaviour on the mean PF was diminished (compared to bivariate analysis) due to its common variance mainly with BMI. PA affected not only current PF in children but also the course of PF (aintercept =. 28, P =. 001; aslope =. 27, P =. 21). Consequently, preventive measures should focus on early adoption and maintenance of PA.
Synergies between Aip1p and capping protein subunits (Acp1p and Acp2p) in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cell polarization in fission yeast
Authors: Berro Julien , Pollard Thomas D.
Published: August 2014

Aip1p cooperates with actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin to disassemble actin filaments in vitro and in vivo, and is proposed to cap actin filament barbed ends. We address the synergies between Aip1p and the capping protein heterodimer Acp1p/Acp2p during clathrin-mediated endocytosis in fission yeast. Using quantitative microscopy and new methods we have developed for data alignment and analysis, we show that heterodimeric capping protein can replace Aip1p, but Aip1p cannot replace capping protein in endocytic patches. Our quantitative analysis reveals that the actin meshwork is organized radially and is compacted by the cross-linker fimbrin before the endocytic vesicle is released from the plasma membrane. Capping protein and Aip1p help maintain the high density of actin filaments in meshwork by keeping actin filaments close enough for cross-linking. Our experiments also reveal new cellular functions for Acp1p and Acp2p independent of their capping activity. We identified two independent pathways that control polarization of endocytic sites, one depending on acp2+and aip1+during interphase and the other independent of acp1+, acp2+, and aip1+during mitosis.
Caenorhabditiseleganschaperonin CCT/TRiC is required for actin and tubulin biogenesis and microvillus formation in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Saegusa Keiko , Sato Miyuki , Sato Katsuya , Nakajima-Shimada Junko , Harada Akihiro , Sato Ken
Published: August 2014

Intestinal epithelial cells have unique apical membrane structures, known as microvilli, that contain bundles of actin microfilaments. In this study, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) is essential for proper formation of microvilli in intestinal cells. In intestinal cells of cct-5(RNAi) animals, a substantial amount of actin is lost from the apical area, forming large aggregates in the cytoplasm, and the apical membrane is deformed into abnormal, bubble-like structures. The length of the intestinal microvilli is decreased in these animals. However, the overall actin protein levels remain relatively unchanged when CCT is depleted. We also found that CCT depletion causes a reduction in the tubulin levels and disorganization of the microtubule network. In contrast, the stability and localization of intermediate filament protein IFB-2, which forms a dense filamentous network underneath the apical surface, appears to be superficially normal in CCT-deficient cells, suggesting substrate specificity of CCT in the folding of filamentous cytoskeletons in vivo. Our findings demonstrate physiological functions of CCT in epithelial cell morphogenesis using whole animals.
Regulation of microtubule-based transport by MAP4
Authors: Semenova Irina , Ikeda Kazuho , Resaul Karim , Kraikivski Pavel , Aguiar Mike , Gygi Steven , Zaliapin Ilya , Cowan Ann , Rodionov Vladimir
Published: August 2014

Microtubule (MT)-based transport of organelles driven by the opposing MT motors kinesins and dynein is tightly regulated in cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we tested the regulation of MT transport by the ubiquitous protein MAP4 using Xenopus melanophores as an experimental system. In these cells, pigment granules (melanosomes) move along MTs to the cell center (aggregation) or to the periphery (dispersion) by means of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-2, respectively. We found that aggregation signals induced phosphorylation of threonine residues in the MT-binding domain of the Xenopus MAP4 (XMAP4), thus decreasing binding of this protein to MTs. Overexpression of XMAP4 inhibited pigment aggregation by shortening dynein-dependent MT runs of melanosomes, whereas removal of XMAP4 from MTs reduced the length of kinesin-2–dependent runs and suppressed pigment dispersion. We hypothesize that binding of XMAP4 to MTs negatively regulates dynein-dependent movement of melanosomes and positively regulates kinesin-2–based movement. Phosphorylation during pigment aggregation reduces binding of XMAP4 to MTs, thus increasing dynein-dependent and decreasing kinesin-2–dependent motility of melanosomes, which stimulates their accumulation in the cell center, whereas dephosphorylation of XMAP4 during dispersion has an opposite effect.
Arrestins function in cAR1 GPCR-mediated signaling and cAR1 internalization in the development ofDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Cao Xiumei , Yan Jianshe , Shu Shi , Brzostowski Joseph A. , Jin Tian
Published: August 2014

Oscillation of chemical signals is a common biological phenomenon, but its regulation is poorly understood. At the aggregation stage of Dictyostelium discoideum development, the chemoattractant cAMP is synthesized and released at 6-min intervals, directing cell migration. Although the G protein–coupled cAMP receptor cAR1 and ERK2 are both implicated in regulating the oscillation, the signaling circuit remains unknown. Here we report that D. discoideum arrestins regulate the frequency of cAMP oscillation and may link cAR1 signaling to oscillatory ERK2 activity. Cells lacking arrestins (adcB−C−) display cAMP oscillations during the aggregation stage that are twice as frequent as for wild- type cells. The adcB−C−cells also have a shorter period of transient ERK2 activity and precociously reactivate ERK2 in response to cAMP stimulation. We show that arrestin domain–containing protein C (AdcC) associates with ERK2 and that activation of cAR1 promotes the transient membrane recruitment of AdcC and interaction with cAR1, indicating that arrestins function in cAR1-controlled periodic ERK2 activation and oscillatory cAMP signaling in the aggregation stage of D. discoideum development. In addition, ligand-induced cAR1 internalization is compromised in adcB−C−cells, suggesting that arrestins are involved in elimination of high-affinity cAR1 receptors from cell surface after the aggregation stage of multicellular development.
Systematic lipidomic analysis of yeast protein kinase and phosphatase mutants reveals novel insights into regulation of lipid homeostasis
Authors: da Silveira dos Santos Aline Xavier , Riezman Isabelle , Aguilera-Romero Maria-Auxiliadora , David Fabrice , Piccolis Manuele , Loewith Robbie , Schaad Olivier , Riezman Howard
Published: August 2014

The regulatory pathways required to maintain eukaryotic lipid homeostasis are largely unknown. We developed a systematic approach to uncover new players in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. Through an unbiased mass spectrometry–based lipidomic screening, we quantified hundreds of lipid species, including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols, from a collection of 129 mutants in protein kinase and phosphatase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our approach successfully identified known kinases involved in lipid homeostasis and uncovered new ones. By clustering analysis, we found connections between nutrient-sensing pathways and regulation of glycerophospholipids. Deletion of members of glucose- and nitrogen-sensing pathways showed reciprocal changes in glycerophospholipid acyl chain lengths. We also found several new candidates for the regulation of sphingolipid homeostasis, including a connection between inositol pyrophosphate metabolism and complex sphingolipid homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of AUR1 and SUR1. This robust, systematic lipidomic approach constitutes a rich, new source of biological information and can be used to identify novel gene associations and function.