bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Nationals in Yekaterinburg: At the Dawn of the City’s Social Organisation
Authors: Redin Dmitry
Published: January 2021

The intensive development of metallurgy in the Urals in the 1720s is closely associated with the construction of Yekaterinburg, which became not only the largest and most diversified metallurgical plant city in Russia, but also the administrative centre of the mining industry in the east of the empire. The construction of the city under the leadership of an outstanding specialist and personal representative of Peter the Great, Georg Wilhelm de Gennin (Wilim Ivanovich Gennin), took into account the latest Western trends in industrial and fortification architecture. This affected the spatial planning and functional zoning of this mining city. It also had an important impact on its social organisation. A striking feature of Yekaterinburg was the high concentration of immigrants from European countries. Foreign nationals worked in the local administration and held a majority among the officers who commanded army units during the construction of the plant city. Also, the first doctors, the founders of the medical service in the Urals, were non-Russian. However, most specialists dealt with metallurgy and mining. Yekaterinburg became both their place of residence and a staging post on their way to other factories and mines in the region. The contribution of these people to the formation and development of the industry in the region can hardly be overestimated. Nevertheless, there is still no special comprehensive study of this population category in early Yekaterinburg. This article is an attempt to consider the history of foreign immigrants as a social whole in Yekaterinburg society during the first decade of its existence. The author identifies their features and the factors that promoted and hindered intra-community integration, concluding that by the end of the first decade of Yekaterinburg’s life, it had failed to form an influential and relatively homogeneous colony of foreign nationals: their number had noticeably decreased compared to the 1720s. The formation of a full-fledged community was hampered by marked differences in the legal status of foreigners and a lack of corporate privileges. Other factors were a minimised sphere of private life (which made it impossible for them to create stable internal organisation) and internal professional competition. However, the most important thing was high geographic mobility, which gave rise to quantitative and qualitative instability in the community.
“Barrage Fire”: Pyrotechnics in the Traditional Economy of Western Siberia and the Transformation of the Environment
Authors: Turov Sergei
Published: January 2021

This article carries out a comprehensive study of the use of open fire in the traditional economy of Western Siberia between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. For this purpose, the author studies the use of fire in the Russian peasant economy and by the native population of the region. The region’s environment was affected by the use of open fire while the effect of the pyrogenically altered agro-industrial structure of the region. In the article, special attention is paid to the traditional and administrative regulation of the use of fire in economic activities. The ecological-historical method considers landscape and climate zoning in the study of local economic structures. The author uses historical and ethnographic methods, handling data from field ethnography and agricultural history. Documents from the Forest Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property have the greatest potential for the subject explored. Open fire was widely used by Russian peasant farms. Fields and their boundaries were singed in order to destroy stubble and weeds. Last season’s grass was burnt in the spring on pastures and meadows. In the north of the region, Russians and indigenous peoples “renewed” the forest areas where they grew berries with the help of fire. The indigenous peoples of the taiga and tundra (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) set the taiga on fire in order to attract fur-bearing animals and renew areas grown over with reindeer moss. In order to get rid of blood-sucking insects, both Russian cattle breeders and indigenous reindeer herders could not do without smudges. Russian peasants set forests on fire in order to create spacious insect-free pastures. All the aforementioned economic methods, as well as forest industries, often led to disastrous forest fires. They were especially destructive for the agro-industrial structure of northern floodwater cultivation, plunging the economy into a prolonged depression (impoverishment of hunting, fishing, and cedar production). Forest fires in the southern taiga and forest-steppe zones not only led to forest destruction but to soil degradation, marsh drainage, and the shallowing of rivers. The Russian and indigenous communities tried to regulate fire setting and singeing. However, the restrictions quite often existed on paper only. In the mid-nineteenth century, the administration started paying attention to the problem. As a result, singeing of meadows and fields was limited to a certain spring period. At the beginning of the twentieth century, because of mass migration, anthropogenic forest fires occurred more often and, consequently, resulted in a regional catastrophe. The pyrogenic changes in the environment had an adverse effect on the region’s agro-industrial structure. The administration tightened control of the use of open fire in order to achieve economic aims.
Borders and Their Myths: Bastions of Faith and Nation
Authors: White James M.
Published: January 2021

The reviewer examines a recent anthology on the transformations of the antemurale myth in the borderlands of Eastern Europe during the age of nationalism. Edited by Lilya Berezhnaya and Heide Kein-Kircher, the volume contains thirteen essays by fourteen international authors. After briefly defining the antemurale myth, its most famous version (the antemurale christianitatis), and the ongoing relevance of the subject, the reviewer discusses the structure of the book and the content of the essays. Praise is offered to the wide number of cases analysed, the decision to open the collection with a contextual essay on the fifteenth-century history of the myth and to close it with discussions about the modern situation, the collective and individual strength of the essays, and the inclusion of numerous pieces discussing the material dimension of the myth and its spread (alongside more traditional evaluations of its discursive formulation). Criticism is largely directed at the peculiar structuring of Parts II and III, which produces a rather confused impression on the reader. On the whole, however, the book is heartily recommended, along with the hope that future scholarship will apply its approach to other geographical areas.
Psychic burden development related to nursing work in Psychosocial Care Centers
Authors: Sousa Yanna Gomes de , Oliveira Jonas Sâmi Albuquerque de , Chaves Ana Elisa Pereira , Clementino Francisco de Sales , Araújo Marília Souto de , Medeiros Soraya Maria de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the factors that are present in the work environment of the nursing team and that contribute to emergence of psychic burden in Psychosocial Care Centers III. Methods: this is a descriptive and qualitative study carried out in three services located in Paraíba State. Data were obtained from an interview with a semi-structured script, and textual content was treated using the software Interface de R pour Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires. Results: the factors that trigger psychic burden arise primarily from pace of work, precarious physical structure, work with users in mental distress, lack of management support, insufficient multidisciplinary team and lack of clinical supervision. Conclusion: the difficulties faced by nursing professionals in the work environment cause suffering at work and hinder the effectiveness and, consequently, the quality of nursing care.
Encontrando la religión por fuera de las “religiones”: Una propuesta para visibilizar el amplio y rico mundo social que hay entre las “iglesias” y el “individuo”
Authors: Frigerio Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Este trabajo es parte de un esfuerzo mayor por reconceptualizar el estudio de la diversidad religiosa, proponiendo que tiene una relevancia - y una antigüedad - mucho mayor que la que usualmente le asignamos en la dinámica religiosa de nuestras sociedades. Debido al predominio de perspectivas excesivamente católico-céntricas y sobre-institucionalizadas de la actividad religiosa, así como a la vigencia de una epistemología “modernista”, la vinculamos casi exclusivamente a la existencia de determinados tipos de grupos que tienen un cierto nivel de organización, perduración en el tiempo y que producen identificaciones religiosas. En este texto quiero llamar la atención hacia los numerosos espacios de sociabilidad religiosa y a la gran cantidad posible de organizaciones de movimientos religiosos donde se producen y transmiten significados y prácticas religiosas que son muy relevantes para la vida cotidiana de las personas, pero que suelen pasar por debajo de nuestro radar teórico-analítico. Deseo ayudar a visibilizarlos académicamente como locus relevantes de producción de creencias y prácticas religiosas. Quiero resaltar la agencia individual pero enmarcada o contextualizada siempre en situaciones de interacción social que no por carecer de denominaciones sociológicas adecuadas son inexistentes o menos relevantes que las que hemos categorizado y visibilizado tradicionalmente (“iglesias”, “sectas”, “cultos”).
Comensalidade e antropofagia como metáforas de poder, violência e conflitos na África Subsaariana
Authors: Calvo Daniela
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a comensalidade e a antropofagia como metáforas que ligam poder, conflitos, violência e feitiçaria na África Subsaariana com base na revisão bibliográfica. O imaginário da feitiçaria continua a proliferar-se em todos os setores da vida social e acompanha os processos de urbanização e modernização. A feitiçaria e as imagens de banquetes antropofágicos representam uma tentativa de explicar e domesticar eventos históricos traumáticos, tais quais a colonização e a escravidão, a urbanização e as rápidas mudanças sociais, econômicas e políticas, por meio de reacomodações criativas que envolvem cosmologia, noção de pessoa e relações sociais, mas favorecem, ao mesmo tempo, a propagação da violência e do medo.
Health beliefs of women attending mammography unit and related factors
Authors: KURŞUN Şerife , ALTUNTUĞ Kamile , EGE Emel , ÖZBİNER Hüseyin , DEMLİK Ganime Dilek
Published: January 2021

Aim: This descriptive study was done to evaluate the perceptions of health beliefs and related factors of women attending a mammography unit for mammograms.
Materials and Methods: It was carried out with 181 women admitted to a mammography unit of a university hospital. Data were measured using a questionnaire form.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between women's education (health motivation, Breast Self-Examination (BSE) benefits and barriers), BSE performance status (health motivation, BSE barriers and self-efficacy, mammography benefits and barriers) and family history of breast cancer (sensitivity, health motivation, BSE benefits) (p<0.05). As a result of the research findings, it was determined that 64.6% of women performed BSE.
Conclusion: In accordance with these results, increasing the awareness training for breast cancer and the dissemination of screening may be suggested by taking into account the individual characteristics of women.
Investigation of the Sensitivity of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Eastern Turkey to Major Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: YILMAZ Ahmet , AFŞİN Dursun
Published: January 2021

Objective: In the study, 419 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains (MTC), which were isolated from samples sent to the Regional Tuberculosis Laboratory in our city between 2015 and 2019 with suspected tuberculosis from Erzurum and surrounding cities were investigated.
Methods: Our research is a retrospective cross-sectional study and clinical samples sent to the Regional Public Health Laboratory with suspicion of Tuberculosis within a five-year period from January 2015 to December 2019 were first evaluated by using Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The samples were then simultaneously inoculated into the automated culture system (BACTEC MGIT 960) with Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Sensitivity research was conducted for isoniazide, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol antibiotics with BACTEC MGIT 960 system to samples defined by MTC identification test (TBc ID) from reproduction positive tubes.
Results: In our study, 337 (80.4%) of the 419 MTC strains investigated in our study were susceptible to all major anti-TB drugs, while 82 (19.6%) were found to be resistant to at least one major anti-TB drug. The distribution of resistance ratios was isoniazid (11.9%), streptomycin (11.7%), rifampicin (4.1%), ethambutol (3.6%). Multi-drug resistant (MDR)–TB ratio (isoniazid+ rifampicin) was found to be (3.6%).
Conclusions: In our study, in the strains in which resistance to anti-TB drugs was investigated, the highest drug resistance was determined for isoniazid. The lowest drug resistance was determined for ethambutol.
Clinical Preparedness in a Dental School Setting: A Collaborative Approach to Patient Care through Teaching, Learning, and Clinical Preparedness
Authors: T Eliopoulos , S Sauers , S Pagni
Published: January 2021

Background: At Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM), the conclusion of second year didactic courses initiates the move to a more clinically driven course load and the simultaneous transition into providing patient care. This study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of dental students towards the Introduction to the Dental Patient (IDP) II and III courses, as well as clinical preparedness, as students transition from preclinical didactic courses to the clinic.
Situation of Pharmaceuticals in Albania 2014-2018
Authors: I Mallkuci , N Sinani , I Thereska
Published: January 2021

Background: Globally and locally the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated. In Albania the regulatory requirements are changing with different amendments of Low and Regulations to ensure the supply with high pharmaceutical quality, safety and efficacy of medicines. The accelerated procedure for medicines that come from EU/FDA, has given to the patients access to new medicines such as orphans and biosimilars in a very short time from their first marketing authorization. In this way the patient can achieve new pharmaceuticals which are safe, efficient and qualitative and the most important point innovative medicines that are authorized for marketing in USA and EU.
ON THE PRINCIPLES OF CREATING PHONETIC CORPORA OF TURKIC LANGUAGES ON THE BASIS OF DIALECTS OF BASHKIR LANGUAGE
Authors:   INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE UFIMSK FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Sirazitdinov Zinnur , Buskunbaeva Lilia ,   INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE UFIMSK FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Sadykov Tashpolot ,   Alatoo International University
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the principles of transcription of audio materials of field expeditions to create a phonetic corpus of Turkic languages, including dialects and subdialects. Transcription is developed on the basis of audio corpus data on the subdialects of the Eastern dialect of the Bashkir language. It is close to phonemic and as close as possible to the spelling of the modern language. Free access of linguists of different specialization to the primary corpus is provided, which will serve as an invaluable source for the study of territorial dialects, the establishment of areas of distribution of a language phenomenon, will be the basis for the study of the historical development and formation of the literary language, sociolinguistic analysis, comparative studies of languages. The proposed guidelines for the transcription of the audio field expeditions, multi-level layout, including paralinguistics elements hesitation phenomena will be useful when creating similar corpora phonetic speech for all related Turkic languages.
Electrical Injury and Prolonged Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report of Complete Neurological Recovery
Authors:   Anaesthesiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences-PGIMER, New Delhi, India, Hariharan Uma , Natarajan Vinoth ,   Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, MGM Health Care, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: January 2021

Introduction Sudden cardiac arrest continues to have a high mortality rate. Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor outcome compared to those occurring in a healthcare setup due to lack of awareness and appropriate resources. The most common rhythm abnormality in OHCA is ventricular fibrillation which requires early defibrillation, ideally on the location. Case Report A 19-years male was witnessed by lay bystanders to have become unresponsive following contact with an electric lighting pole on the road median in Chandigarh. A passer-by medical resident detected no pulse and initiated chest compression. Since there was no immediate return of spontaneous circulation and aetiology suggested a defibrillate rhythm. The patient was taken in the car and rushed to a tertiary care centre, 10-minutes away. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was interrupted during transport for lack of adequate personnel. Ventricular fibrillation was noted and shock was delivered along with inotropes. Around 26-minutes into the resuscitation, the patient had the return of spontaneous circulation. After post-cardiac arrest care in intensive care unit (ICU), he was extubated and discharged home in 1-week with full neurological recovery. Discussion Recovery of full neurologic function could be explained by the alternating presence of stable and unstable cardiac rhythms and in part at least brought about by immediate attempts at resuscitation. The report seeks to review these aspects of emergency care besides highlighting the need for both immediate and accurate emergency medical services such as lay responder training, public access defibrillation and responsive transport systems for such patients.
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in Primiparous Women after Normal Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and without Episiotomy
Authors:   Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt, Elabady Nora H. K. , Awara Ahmed M. ,   Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt, El-Badry Amr M. ,   Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt, El-Hamamy Nareman ,   Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
Published: January 2021

Objective The aim of this prospective study is clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy. Methods This is a cross-section study of primiparous women with a history of delivery at Tanta University Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The sample power was calculated based on avulsion (major and minor) in two groups (vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy) of total forty-primiparous women with an interval after delivery (20 cases after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 20 cases after normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy). Results Twenty-four hours of delivery there was a highly significant difference between group A (with episiotomy) and group B (without episiotomy) regarding to ultrasound abnormalities, degree of tear, blood loss, hemoglobin concentration and clinical findings, while no difference regarding levator ani weakness. Two months later from delivery there was no significant difference between group A and group B regarding to ultrasound abnormalities and levator ani weakness while there was a difference between the two groups in regarding with clinical findings. Conclusion Normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy in primiparous women is better than normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy as there is no perineal tenderness, no dyspareunia. Low incidence of urinary, rectal incontinence, tear and perineal infection.
A Rare Case of Giant Cell Myocarditis
Authors:   Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica and Forensic Pathology Department, Institute of Forensic Science and Legal Medicine, Kingston, Jamaica, Neblett Althea C. G.
Published: January 2021

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare condition first described in 1905. It has a reported incidence range from 0.007% to 0.051%. It affects female and male individuals, equally, and usually occurs in young and middle-aged persons. The underlying aetiology of giant cell myocarditis is unknown but it is thought to be mediated by T-lymphocytes. Diagnosis is made via histological examination of myocardial tissue and is characterized by a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with multinucleated giant cells and cardiomyocyte necrosis, predominantly affecting the ventricles. The following report describes a rare case of giant cell myocarditis in a 71-yearold man with a history of hypertension and heart failure, who died while waiting to be seen in the emergency department. Autopsy findings revealed an enlarged, dilated heart with histologic features in keeping with giant cell myocarditis, along with features of heart failure. Diagnosis of giant cell myocarditis is less common in the elderly age group, possibly due to a less severe disease process in this age group and it may be misdiagnosed because older individuals may have other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
The Association of Dietary Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota Alterations in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Scientific Director, Centre for Human Reproduction 721, Jalandhar 144001, Punjab, India, Kaur Kulvinder Kochar , Allahbadia Gautam ,   Scientific Director, Ex-Rotunda-Centre for Human Reproduction, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400040, Maharashtra, India, Singh Mandeep ,   Consultant Neurologist, Swami Satyanand Hospital, Near Nawi Kachehri, Baradri, Ladowali road, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Published: January 2021

Aim Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them. Method A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”; “Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020. Results We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted. Conclusion We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.
Study of Analysis the Sensitivity of the Computational Environment for Radiological Research Field Size Based on Two Dimensional Dose Distribution for Water Phantom Cases
Authors:   Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Hardiyanti Yati , Barasabha Thareq ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia, Anam Choirul ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto S. H, Tembalang,Semarang 50275, Indonesia, Novitrian Novitrian ,   Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Haryanto Freddy ,   Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Waris Abdul ,   Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Purpose This study analysed the sensitivity of the field size from variations in the target volume dimensions, depth, and position. The variations in the target volume analysis were used to determine the width of the field size. Thus, the quality control of the radiation beam can be obtained. Materials and Methods The computed tomography (CT) image of the IBA Dose 1 type of water phantom consists of 350 slices. Variations in the dimension of the target volume were modelled in 10×10×10 cm3, 10×12×10 cm3 , 10.2×10×10.2 cm3, and 15×15×15 cm3. Beam parameters use one beam of irradiation on the central axis 0°, 6 MV energy, 100 cm source-skin distance (SSD), beamlet delta x, and y set to 0.1 cm. Dose distribution in the form of the XZ isodose curve and dose profile was used to observe the field size. Results In this study, the isodose curve was successfully displayed in the XZ isodose curve. The field size’s sensitivity has been successfully reviewed from variations of the target volume, depth, and position. The target X and Z direction analysis is used in determining the width and length of the field size. Conclusion The analysis related to the field size sensitivity study was obtained from a relatively valid calculation. The field size was evaluated with variations in depth of 1.5 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and variations in positions of 10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 18 cm, and 20 cm. This study will be used as a reference to validate the distribution of computational environment for radiotherapy research (CERR) dose in the future. Thus, the accuracy of the dose calculation can be obtained.
Scoliosis klasszifikáció szemléltetése 3D nyomtatással előállított modellgyűjteménnyel
Authors: Kovács Ágnes Éva , Manó Sándor , Csámer Loránd , Somoskeöy Szabolcs , Csernátony Zoltán
Published: January 2021

A 3D nyomtatás az új digitális technológiákhoz tartozik, de ma már rengeteg felhasználási területe létezik. Felhasználási területei között a mozgásszervi sebészetben is fontos, hogy a módszer az egyedi igényeket is ki tudja szolgálni. A módszer ezen előnyét kihasználva munkánk során Lawrence Lenke által kidolgozott scoliosis klasszifikáció 3D nyomtatással való modellezését tűztük ki célul. A modellgyűjtemény létrehozása a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen üzemelő EOS röntgenberendezéssel (EOS Imaging, Párizs, Franciaország) készült 3D csigolya- és medencemodellek adatain alapult. A berendezés saját szoftverével (SterEOS programcsomag) exportált adatokat a 3-matic Medical (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) segítségével feldolgozva az Inventor Professional (Autodesk, San Rafael, USA) rendszerrel történt a porckorongok szerkesztése, majd ismét a 3-matic képességeit kihasználva készült el a 3D nyomtatáshoz szükséges fájlformátum. A folyamat utolsó lépése a modellek nyomtatása és egy fali tartóban való összerendezése volt. A Lenke-féle scoliosis klasszifikáció kézzel fogható modellekből álló gyűjteménye mind a kezelőorvosok, mind az orvostanhallgatók, mind a betegek számára rendkívül hasznos és hiánypótló is egyben. Kiemelt jelentőségét látjuk a gerincferdülés, mint térbeli elváltozás megértése szempontjából. A jövőben további elváltozás klasszifikációk 3D nyomtatással előállított modellgyűjteményének a létrehozását is tervezzük, így pl. a Paprosky által, csípőprotézis revíziót igénylő vápa defektusos esetek klas - szifikációs rendszerének kivitelezését.
Análisis de los recursos de amparo relativos al acceso de medicamentos ante la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Freddy Arias
Published: January 2021

Objective: to analyze the judicialization of the fundamental right to health, to carry out an analysis of the remedies of protection related to medications, resolved by the Constitutional Chamber of Costa Rica between the years 2009 to 2018. Methods: the method used was content analysis through the specific review of all the judgments issued by the Constitutional Chamber of Costa Rica from 2009 to 2018. Results: 1,831 judgments that were issued by the Constitutional Chamber during 2009 to 2018, 61.1% were declared with place, 32.6 without place, 4.4% were partially declared with place, in 1.0% of cases the appeal for protection was withdrawn and 0.9% of cases they were rejected outright. Conclusion: the discussion regarding the belonging to provide a medicine focus mainly on scientific aspects and on a specific review of the evidence that supports the use of a medicine.
The Critical Discourse Analysis on Pornography News of “V Garut” at TribunJabar.id Online Media
Authors:   Universitas Garut, Indonesia, Nurhadi Zikri Fachrul , Marlina Neneng Cucu ,   Universitas Garut, Indonesia, Firdaus Mochamad ,   Universitas Garut, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

The emergence of pornography cases that had gone viral on social media with the tagline "V Garut" shocked the public because the act was committed by a woman and several men. The female suspect claimed that this act was done because of coercion and pressure that the male suspect had put on her. The research aims to explain the level of text, social cognition and social context of the pornography news of "V Garut" on the online media of TribunJabar.id. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with the theoretical approach of critical discourse analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The research object was related to the news of "V Garut" on the online media TribunJabar.id with two informants. The results of research at the text level in the elements of macrostructures, superstructures and microstructures explain the existence of a discourse indicating an unfavourable situation such as violence and marginalization on the role of "V Garut". Journalists’ social cognition tends to judge this case as “unique” phenomenon, not focusing on a social issue that must be addressed in society. Based on the analysis of the social context of this news, it can be seen that there is a powerful practice of the media and the authority’s access in reporting the “V Garut” case. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, pornography, social cognition, social context, text.
Keberkesanan Penggunaan Sistem Pesanan Teks Sebagai Rawatan Masalah Kesihatan Mental: Ulasan Kajian Secara Sistematik
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Abdul Rahman Teh Faradilla , Mat Nayan Norshita ,   Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Kesihatan mental adalah salah satu aspek penting dalam pembentukan diri manusia selain daripada keadaan fizikal yang sihat. Laporan statistik dan kajian tinjauan menunjukkan masalah kesihatan mental secara global telah mengalami peningkatan. Pelbagai jenis sistem pesanan ringkas berbentuk teks telah dibangunkan untuk menurunkan tahap kesihatan mental. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jenis sistem pesanan teks sedia ada yang digunakan untuk merawat individu yang menghadapi masalah kesihatan mental serta keberkesanan setiap jenis sistem tersebut ke atas beberapa kategori penyakit mental. Kajian secara sistematik ini menggunakan lima pangkalan data bagi tujuan pencarian artikel iaitu Scopus, PubMed, ACM Digital Library, IEEE XPlore dan Web of Science. Artikel kajian dalam bahasa Inggeris dan bahasa Melayu yang telah dimuat turun dan diteliti bagi memastikan artikel yang dipilih tidak terdiri daripada protokol kajian asas dan kertas cadangan untuk aplikasi prototaip serta hasil kajian tinjauan lepas. Sebanyak 18 daripada 3656 buah artikel telah dipilih untuk dibahaskan dalam kajian ini. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian menunjukkan bahawa SMS adalah aplikasi teks yang paling banyak digunakan dalam terapi, diikuti oleh aplikasi telefon pintar dan aplikasi daripada laman sesawang. Secara purata, ketiga-tiga platform tersebut mampu memberikan kesan perubahan positif dalam kalangan pesakit mental yang mengalami kemurungan, kebimbangan melampau, keinginan untuk membunuh diri, mencederakan diri, emosi yang tidak stabil, pemakanan yang tidak sihat dan pengambilan alkohol yang berlebihan. Terapi kesihatan mental melalui aplikasi telefon pintar dilihat berpotensi untuk mengurangkan pelbagai jenis gejala yang dialami oleh pesakit mental. Kata kunci: Terapi psikologi, sistem pesanan teks, terapi pesanan teks, kesihatan mental, komunikasi kesihatan.
Speech Communication Related to the Process of Traditional Therapeutic Efforts among the Baduy People in Lebak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Heriyanto  , Krisnawati Ekaning , Suryani Elis , Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Pamungkas Kasno
Published: January 2021

Speech communication employs various and complex expressive ways ranging from linguistic to extralinguistic features, and it studies the interaction between the speaker and listener, including interpersonal interaction like the one between a patient and his or her traditional healer. This article discusses some of the issues concerning the language used in the traditional healing process which uses Baduy mantra among the community. Therefore, this study is interdisciplinary in nature and the overall approach is qualitative. Methodology-wise, this research is conducted using discourse analysis and an ethnography of communication. There are two aims from this study, which are: 1) to point out the linguistic and extralinguistic features utilised in the communication component related to activities contributing to the healing process; 2) to describe the meaning of the mantra used in the process of therapeutic practices; 3) to reveal the patterns of the Baduy medicinal mantra perceived from an ethnography of communication point of view. The results of the research indicate that the mimetic and expressive functions of mantra reflect the role of traditional therapeutic efforts as well as interpersonal relations among the members of the community. The extralinguistic elements are employed to arouse suggestion in order to support the effort of a treatment. Keywords: Baduy, communication, linguistic, extralinguistic, mantra.
The Communication Strategies for Moderate Islamic Da’wah in Countering Radicalism in Gorontalo City, Indonesia
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia, Thaib Erwin Jusuf
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on moderate Islamic da’wah communication strategies in counteracting radicalism in Gorontalo City. In Indonesia, radicalism has continuously occurred in the form of suicide bombings leading to lots of life, properties and numerous environmental hazards. Using da’wah as a communication strategy to counteract this violent act by spreading Islamic understanding may affect the community’s attitude. The location was chosen because, besides being the centre for preaching activities, it also has greater social and religious dynamics than the other cities in the province. Meanwhile, the problems in this research are focused on two aspects, which are the content and methods of the moderate Islamic da’wah communication applied by the preachers to counteract radicalism in Gorontalo City. Data were purposively collected from eight preachers through interviews, observations, and documents. The result showed that these strategies were focused on the content of da’wah communication, especially the message and use of the verses. Also, several strategies were utilized by the preachers, which included shaping the community’s religious understanding and reaffirming the position of Muslims as ummatan wasathan. Other strategies were seeking moderate religious references, examining the noble values of Gorontalo culture and customs, and encouraging people to respect and accept diversity. Keywords: Communication strategy, da’wah, Gorontalo, moderate Islam, radicalism.
Framing Jawi-Khat Move: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese, English and Malay-language Newspapers in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Wui Kenneth Lee Tze , Wei Wong Win ,   Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Published: January 2021

The Malaysian government’s move to introduce Jawi-Khat in the Malay-language curriculum in Chinese and Tamil vernacular schools has been fraught with tension and opposition, especially among the Chinese Malaysian community. Being the second-largest ethnic group in Malaysia, the Chinese’s negative response to the initiative has generated some implications for the country’s socio-political order. Sin Chew Daily, the first newspaper to break the news, was accused by then Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng of stirring fears among the Chinese community. Lim’s condemnation of the Chinese daily and the manner in which the whole Jawi-Khat episode played out have raised questions over the roles of Chinese newspapers vis-à-vis their counterparts of other languages in the reportage of the Jawi-Khat move. Thus, a study on the ways three top vernacular-language newspapers in Malaysia, namely, Sin Chew Daily, The Star and Harian Metro, covered this issue, was conducted. The extent of news coverage, news sources, news frames and valence of the reports were analysed. The research findings reveal that each of the newspapers framed the Jawi-Khat controversy differently. Sin Chew remains a classic ethnic newspaper, having reported extensively on the issue and actively pursued the voice of opposition of various stakeholder groups towards a policy that impacts on Chinese education, a key area vital to the Chinese community. Otherwise, the three newspapers have, to varying degrees, performed the interpretive function within a controlled media landscape and attempted to de-escalate conflicts and misunderstanding arising from the Jawi-Khat move. Keywords: Jawi-Khat, media framing, vernacular newspapers, newspaper roles, ethnic relations.
The Mediating Effect of Work Category on the Relationship between Professional Competencies` and Decision Making among Public Relations in Government- Linked Companies
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Samsudin Khairul Nizam , Abdullah Zulhamri ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Osman Mohd Nizam ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Organisational success can only be materialized when each stakeholder mutually agrees to benefit each other, thus making the organisation effective. And here is the main role of public relations (PR), were to be the middle person between each stakeholder, by performing their works through the competencies they mastered, to ensure that the decisions made will be valuable to organisation and stakeholders. The objective of this study is to examine the mediating effect of work category on the relationship between professional competencies and decision making among PR practitioners in government-linked companies (GLCs). A survey questionnaire was gathered from 157 PR practitioners and data were analysed through SEM PLS. Results indicated that the dimension of work category did influence the relationship between professional competency and decision making. In essence, the decision-making process of a PR practitioner working in Malaysia's GLCs can be enhanced or improved based on the level of professional competencies. The implication of these findings supported the role of the PR department as part of the important sub-system in organisation and competencies acquired by PR practitioners is the resource that able to maintain the survival of an organisation. In the nutshell, a large-scale study should be undertaken, which incorporate a large group of participants in the future to accommodate the responses from a wide population to increase the accuracy of results. Keywords: Public relations, competencies, decision making, mediating effect, GLCs.
Negotiating Representation of Islamic Values on Korean TV Dramas Among Indonesian Muslim Youth
Authors:   State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia, Rosidi Imron , Khotimah  ,   State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This article describes one of the effects of globalization on young Muslims in Indonesia. They interact with a variety of cultural products from all corners of the world. Focusing on Indonesia, this article argues that the emergence of globalization has provided opportunities for young Muslims to negotiate Islamic value representations of Korean TV dramas. Using ethnography method, this article selects young Indonesian Muslims who like Korean television drama as informants. The emergence of transnational cultural products was believed to play an important role in the process of 'cultural imperialism' among young people. The information and views presented are not considered to be a ‘healthy’ menu for Muslim youth. In fact, in cultural studies, media imperialism or cultural imperialism is famously contested. By interviewing and observing 42 informants, this article finds that Muslim youth do not receive all the messages from the media passively. During their consumption on Korean television dramas, young Muslims are negotiating their representations. They are capable of selecting values from the television dramas. These Muslim consumers in this context do not just accept all the messages and representations of Korean television dramas. Indonesian Muslim youth have an innate cultural identity and conscious knowledge, which they have obtained from their learning environments such as education and culture. Muslim youth interpret "stories" in drama by relating them to their Islamic values. Keywords: Negotiation, representations, Islamic values, youth, Korean TV dramas.
Papan Iklan Luar dan Pemilihan Sosial: Kajian Kes Papan Iklan di Lebuhraya Elite Expressway E608
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Othman Nur Hezreen , Baharuddin Shamsul Amri ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Abu Hassan Badrul Redzuan ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji fungsi dan peranan papan iklan luar dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial pengguna yang menggunakan Lebuhraya Elite Expresway E608. Fokus kajian adalah terhadap elemen rekabentuk visual seperti tipografi, warna, susun letak rekaan dan ilustrasi, perletakkan, material papan iklan luar di kawasan kajian serta tafsiran paparan mesej dan bahasa berdasarkan rekaan pada papan iklan luar. Kerangka konsep bagi kajian ini memperjelaskan bagaimana pemilihan sosial itu mampu menjadikan sesuatu produk itu boleh diterima masyarakat dan ianya berasaskan Kod dan Prinsip Am Amalan Pengiklanan Malaysia. Metadologi kajian yang akan digunakan adalah kaedah gabungan concurrent nested (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann & Hanson, 2003) di mana sampel bergambar akan digunakan sebagai metod utama manakala hasil dari kaedah temuramah wakil dari pihak PLUS dan orang ramai adalah sebagai sokongan. Analisis bergambar terhadap rekaan reka letak papan iklan luar di lebuhraya Elite Expressway E608 masih mengikut tatacara dan kod pengiklanan Malaysia. Peranan pihak PLUS sepenuhnya dalam peletakkan papan iklan luar di lebuhraya Elite Expressway E608 mengikut kesesuaian keboleh pasaran produk tersebut di laluan berkenaan. Hasil temuramah kumpulan berfokus menunjukkan informan bersetuju bahawa papan iklan luar adalah medium pengiklanan yang berkesan di lebuhraya sekaligus dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial pengguna. Berdasarkan kajian pada analisis visual dan hasil temuramah menunjukkan bahawa papan iklan luar adalah medium pengiklanan yang berkesan dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial masyarakat di lebuhraya. Kata kunci: Papan iklan, pengiklanan, pemilihan sosial, ruang sosial, visual.
“Say Cheese”: Family Photos, Modern Malay Masculinity and Family Narrative in Some Malaysian Films
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Aziz Jamaluddin
Published: January 2021

Family photographs are often used as a prop in a set-up of a family home in a film. Employing visual culture approach, I would argue that through the use of family portraits both in figurative and artefactual forms, the narrative about family is often unravelled, challenged and subsequently validated. A close textual analysis of three P. Ramlee’s films that mark the dawn of modernism in the immediate post-independence Malaya and the formation of Malaysia in 1963 as a case study, this paper asks the following questions: What types of narratives are created through the display of family portraits? How do these family portraits reflect the changing conceptions of the institution of the family especially pertaining to modern Malay masculinity? And, how do family photographs inform family narratives? The analysis finds that, on one hand, family portraits are used to narrate the exteriorization of masculinity in trouble by revealing its castration anxiety. On the other, they also point to “the hero journey archetype” that apotheosizes masculine dominance as proven by the films’ happy ending. The implication of this study lies in the way family photographs in films can be understood not merely as props, but in visual culture sense, as locating the source of the conflict of modern Malay masculinity in the family itself. Although family portraits in these films are meant to be innocuous to Malay masculinity in crisis, it is ideologically a folie de grandeur about the family and what it means for the nation in transition. Keywords: Family narratives, family photographs, malaysian films, visual culture, masculinity.
Indonesian Crisis Communication Response after Deliberate Forest Fires and Transboundary Haze
Authors:   Southern University College, Malaysia, Arandas Mohammed Fadel , Ling Loh Yoke ,   Southern University College, Malaysia
Published: January 2021

The issue of deliberate forest fires that set illegally in Indonesia by plantation companies in their slash-and-burn forests to clear lands for lucrative palm oil plantations and its caused transboundary haze became a hot issue for discussion. These fires have a negative influence on Indonesia and its neighbourhood countries, especially on their financial and human resources such as environment, economy, properties, and people. Using the right strategies in responding to any crisis determines the success of its management and coping with that crisis with minimal losses. This study aimed to examine the communication crisis response by Indonesia to this crisis by using image repair theory. Also, this study examined how image repair strategies were used by Indonesia. This study analysed the content of news stories from the website of the New Straits Times newspaper. The time frame of this study was from 2015 to 2019. A total of 87 news stories have pertained to Indonesian response, and 37 stories included image repair strategies. Among the strategies of image repair theory, corrective action strategy was the most dominant with 70%, followed by 10.8% for each shift the blame and attack accuser. The least used strategies were mortification and simple denial with 5.4% and 2.7% respectively. Keywords: Indonesia, crisis communication, image repair, transboundary haze, deliberate fires.