bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of early prone positioning among critically ill patients admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative retrospective observational study
Authors: Abdelhamid Seyam Sameh Hamdy , Abdelgawad Ahmed Ismail Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Background and objective: COVID-19 has offered an opportunity to the clinicians to try and study various oxygenation enhancing maneuvers in the patients. These included lung protective measures and prone positioning of participants admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We aimed to identify the effects of early prone positioning on the length of stay, discharge rate, and frequency of tracheostomies in the ICU patients.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted on critically ill patients needing mechanical ventilation with lung protective strategy, admitted to the Intensive Care Units of Al-Azhar University Hospitals between March 2020 to April 2022. All patients in the study were interpreted retrospectively by examining the patient's records. Group A (n = 39) included patients who had been early placed in prone positions within 24 h of intubation, and Group B (n = 31) included patients who had not been placed in prone positions. All patients received a lung protective strategy for ARDS.  In both groups, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, SpO2, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were checked initially and later every 24 h for 6 days. Data was evaluated for the total days of both hospital and ICU length of stay, number of successful discharges to home from the hospital, and the total number of tracheostomized patients.
Results: After prone positioning, lower SOFA and APACHE II scores were noticed in the prone group.  There was no significant difference in the rate of discharge between the two groups. We observed non-significant shorter hospital and ICU stays and higher frequency of tracheostomy procedures in the prone group. We noticed a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratios in the prone group starting from day 2 to day 6. We observed a significant improvement in PO2 in the prone group in comparison to the non-prone group.
Conclusions: Early prone positioning of patients admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory distress syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant improvement in both PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio with a non-significant decrease in both hospital and ICU length of stay as shown by the collected data over consecutive six days.
Abbreviations: ARDS- acute respiratory distress syndrome; FiO2: The fraction of inspired oxygen; CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; PaO2: Arterial oxygen partial pressure; PEEP: Positive End-Expiratory Pressure; SOFA- Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
Keywords: Prone; Lung protective measures; ARDS; APACHI II; SOFA
Citation: Seyam SHA, Ahmed IMA. Effect of early prone positioning among critically ill patients admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative retrospective observational study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(4):626−632; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i4.2504
Received: February 12, 2024; Reviewed: May 14, 2024; Accepted: May 15, 2024
DEPRESIJOS SIMPTOMŲ IR DANTŲ ĖDUONIES RYŠYS
Authors: Gladkauskaitė Justė
Published: August 2024

Straipsnyje apžvelgiamas vienų iš labiausiai pasaulyje paplitusių ligų, dantų ėduonies ir depresijos, tarpusavio ryšys. Remiantis išnagrinėta literatūra galima teigti, kad depresijos simptomai turi poveikį ėduonies atsiradimui, todėl tiek gydytojai odontologai, tiek gydytojai psichiatrai turėtų žinoti apie galimą riziką. Žmogaus psichologinės sveikatos ir depresijos simptomų pastebėjimas gali padėti sudaryti individualią profilaktikos program kiekvienam pacientui ir taip sumažinti ėduonies išsivystymo tikimybę.
DIRBTINIS INTELEKTAS REGIONINĖJE ANESTEZIJOJE
Authors: Lisauskaitė Gabrielė
Published: August 2024

Regioninė anestezija yra vienas iš skausmo malšinimo būdų, kuris reikalauja gero anatomijos išmanymo ir kruopštumo. Dažnai procedūros metu naudojamas ultragarsas, kuris suteikia tikslumo. Mažiau patyrusiems gydytojams ši priemonė gali kelti papildomų sunkumų. Populiarėjant dirbtiniam intelektui, jis pradedamas taikyti ir atliekant selektyvias nervų blokadas, tačiau šiuo metu yra ribotas. Dirbtinis intelektas gali padėti vizualizuoti anatomines struktūras, sumažinti žmogiškųjų klaidų tikimybę ir paspartinti mažiau patyrusių gydytojų praktinį mokymą atlikti regioninės anestezijos procedūras. Yra trūkumų, kurie apima pacientų amžiaus grupes, sunkumus atpažįstant retus anatominius variantus bei atsakomybės prisiėmimą dėl klaidų.
TAKOTSUBO KARDIOMIOPATIJA, KOMPLIKAVUSIS KAIRIOJO SKILVELIO TROMBU: KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Aleksa Gytis , Pacaitytė Andrė , Liuizė Agnė
Published: August 2024

Takotsubo kardiomiopatija (TTKM) – laikinas kairiojo skilvelio sistolinės funkcijos sutrikimas, kurį gali sukelti emocinis ar fizinis stresas. Šio sindromo klinikinė išraiška yra krūtinės skausmas, pokyčiai elektrokardiogramoje bei troponino I kiekio padidėjimas. Dėl simptomų, primenančių ūmų koronarinį sindromą (ŪKS), kartais sunku kliniškai atskirti TTKM nuo ŪKS, todėl itin svarbi diagnostikos dalis yra tikslus anamnezės surinkimas bei būdingų rizikos veiksnių įvertinimas. Nors sindromas anksčiau buvo laikomas gerybine būkle, ši liga gali būti susijusi su sunkiomis komplikacijomis, tokiomis kaip trombų formavimasis širdies ertmėse, ūmus širdies funkcijos nepakankamumas. Straipsnyje pristatomas TTKM klinikinis atvejis su pasireiškusia reta šio sindromo komplikacija.
BEVACIZUMABO (AVASTINO) VIETINIO IR SISTEMINIO VARTOJIMO EFEKTYVUMO PALYGINIMAS PASIKARTOJANČIOS BALSO KLOSČIŲ PAPILOMATOZĖS GYDYMUI
Authors: Petkus Tautvydas
Published: August 2024

Pasikartojanti kvėpavimo takų papilomatozė − tai gerybiniai augliai kvėpavimo takuose, sukelti žmogaus papilomos viruso infekcijos. Papilomos gali sukelti balso pokyčius ir užkimšti kvėpavimo takus. Papilomatozė pastebimai blogina sergančiųjų gyvenimo kokybę. Ligos eiga sudėtinga, jos gydymas reikalauja kantrybės ir ilgos reabilitacijos, nes neretai nepakanka vienos operacijos, todėl nuolat dirginama ir naikinama gleivinė. Šiuo metu auksiniu standartu laikomas chirurginis gydymas CO2 lazeriu, tačiau ši procedūra dažniausiai tik laikinai palengvina pacientų būklę, kadangi po kurio laiko išoperuotos papilomos atsinaujina.
PANIKOS SUTRIKIMAS: KLINIKA, DIAGNOSTIKA, GYDYMAS
Authors: Petraitytė Paulina , Dulevičiūtė Živilė , Montvidas Jonas
Published: August 2024

Įvadas. Panikos sutrikimas – vienas iš labiausiai paplitusių nerimo sutrikimų, kuriam būdingi pasikartojantys, neprognozuojami ir dažnai neišprovokuoti panikos priepuoliai. Diagnostikos procesą neretai sunkina šio sutrikimo įvairialypė klinikinė raiška, kadangi dauguma panikos priepuolio simptomų yra fizinio, ne emocinio pobūdžio ir gali būti klaidingai priskiriami įtariamai somatinei ligai. Dėl šios priežasties panikos priepuolius patiriančių pacientų pirmasis kontaktas dažniausias su pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros ar skubiosios pagalbos specialistais. Be to, panikos sutrikimo metu tarp panikos priepuolių gali pasireikšti kitiems psichikos sutrikimams būdingų simptomų. Rekomenduojamas pirmo pasirinkimo panikos sutrikimo gydymas yra farmakoterapija SSRI arba KET, tačiau esant ūminių simptomų, papildomai gali būti skiriama ir benzodiazepinų.

Tikslas – apžvelgti ir išanalizuoti atrinktus mokslinius šaltinius apie panikos sutrikimo kliniką, diagnostiką ir gydymą.

Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atlikta mokslinių šaltinių, publikuotų 2019-2023 metais, paieška, apžvalga ir analizė. Publikacijų paieška buvo atlikta tarptautinėje medicinos duomenų bazėje PubMed. Naudoti raktažodžiai ir jų junginiai anglų kalba: „panic disorder and clinic“ or „panic disorder and diagnostics“ or „panic disorder and treatment“.

Rezultatai. Pritaikius teorinės analizės metodus, buvo surastos 95 publikacijos, atitinkančios įtraukimo kriterijus. 86 publikacijos neatitiko įtraukimo kriterijų ir buvo atmestos. Į literatūros apžvalgą įtraukti 9 moksliniai šaltiniai. Papildomi šaltiniai buvo įtraukti ir kitais metodais.

Išvados. Panikos sutrikimo diagnostika yra komplikuota ir dažnai uždelsta, kadangi jaučiami simptomai gali būti priskiriami somatinei ligai. Pagrindiniai simptomai yra krūtinės skausmai, širdies ritmo sutrikimai, tachikardija, dusulys, smaugimo jausmas, padidėjęs prakaitavimas, pykinimas, pilvo skausmai bei atminties sutrikimai, derealizacija, depersonalizacija. Pirmo pasirinkimo vaistai ilgalaikiam panikos sutrikimo gydymui yra SSRI, o psichoterapijos rūšis – KET. Antro pasirinkimo vaistai: SNRI, TCA ir retais atvejais – MAO inhibitoriai. Esant ūminių panikos sutrikimo simptomų, su antidepresantais gali būti kombinuojami benzodiazepinai.
SAVIŽUDYBĖS RIZIKA IR PREVENCIJA SERGANT RIBINIU ASMENYBĖS SUTRIKIMU
Authors: Rimaitė Ieva , Viliūnienė Rima
Published: August 2024

Ribiniam asmenybės sutrikimui būdingi impulsyvumo požymiai. Šį sutrikimą turintys žmonės dažniausiai sunkiai suvokia save, stokoja emocinio stabilumo, patiria nuolatinį tuštumos jausmą, tikslų ir vidinių vertybių pasirinkimo, stabilių ilgalaikių tarpasmeninių santykių palaikymo sunkumų. Tokio žmogaus elgesys kartais gali būti neprognozuojamas, todėl kyla rizika, kad jis impulsyviai susižalos, įsivels į konfliktą ar bandys nusižudyti. Nors ribinis asmenybės sutrikimas ir jo diagnozavimas nagrinėjamas vis dažniau, savižala ir savižudybės problema sergant šiuo sutrikimu sulaukia mažiau dėmesio, nors net 70 proc. sergančių šiuo sutrikimu bent kartą yra bandę nusižudyti, iš kurių 10 proc. nusižudo, tačiau apie prevenciją kalbama retai. Dažniausiai efektyviausias gydymo ir prevencijos metodas yra psichoterapija. Apžvelgti duomenys parodė, kad nustatyta dinamiška priklausomybė tarp ribinio sutrikimo bruožų ir savižalos, o šio sutrikimo diagnozė yra stiprus kartotinis nesavižudiško savižalos elgesio pasireiškimo ilguoju laikotarpiu prognostinis veiksnys.
ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT IN A CASE OF PITUITARY ADENOMA – CASE REPORT
Authors: S. G Yasmin Mariam , Parlikar Neeta
Published: August 2024

Pituitary is a master endocrine gland that regulate the activities of all other endocrine glands. Pituitary diseases have anaesthetic implications such
as a challenging airway, obstructive sleep apnoea and associated endocrine disease. Amultidisciplinary approach is important in managing patients
with pituitary adenoma. We present here a case of 25 years old with pulsating headache and bilateral gynaecomastia diagnosed to have pituitary
tumour and planned for Trans-nasal Endoscopic Hypophysectomy.
DIAGNOSIS OF TUBAL & NON-TUBAL ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES
Authors: Ali Hassan Hala El Sayed
Published: August 2024

Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition accounting for 1-2% of all pregnancies. The most common region of ectopic
implantation is the fallopian tube, although 10% of all ectopic pregnancies implant in the cervical, ovary, and interstitial portion of the fallopian
tube, abdominal cavity, or within the cesarean scar region. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy involves a mixture of clinical symptoms, serological
conditions, and ultrasound imaging. Medical management is a safe and efcient option for most of the stable patients. Patients with unsuccessful
medical management are managed with laparoscopy or less common laparotomy. Similar to tubal pregnancy, non-tubal ectopic pregnancy can be
treated surgically using laparotomy or laparoscopy, or medically with methotrexate. For abdominal and ovary cavity ectopic pregnancy
laparotomy is a good approach, while for cervical and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, initial clinical treatment with methotrexate, and then
suction curettage under ultrasound guidance can x the problem. Patients with tubal and non-tubal ectopic pregnancies should be counseled well
regarding associated anomalies, complications, fertility-preserving interventions, and the requirement of prolonged monitoring specically those
women who chose medical therapies. This review describes the incidence, associated risk factors, diagnosis, and management of tubal and nontubal ectopic pregnancy. The article also discusses the literature available for ectopic pregnancy recurrence and future fertility situations.
ECONOMIC EFFECT OF COVID 19: EVIDENCE FROM SALALE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Kasaye Belay , Girma Haile , Atlaw Habtamu , Genet Yayew
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the economy in Salale, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study used the primary data which was
collected from 374 respondents who were living in six towns namely: Fiche, G/Guracha, Kare Goa, M/Turi, Shano, and Shararo. Descriptive
methods of data analysis like percentage and frequency were employed. The study has discovered that the ratication of COVID-19 in Ethiopia has
disrupted the regular operation of economic activities. This had its negative economic effects like a decrease in daily/monthly income, an increment
in the unemployment rate, and daily/monthly expenses. About 36%, 65%, and 34% of respondents disrupted their regular work, faced their
monthly/daily average income decrement, and red their workers respectively. About 71% of respondents faced market supply chain disruption.
Therefore, all parties involved should put a lot of effort into reducing the pandemic's impact by taking preventative measures and carrying on with
their normal business operations.
Influence of Perceived Organisational Support, Financial Strain and Psychological Wellbeing on Pre-retirement Anxiety among Employees Nearing Retirement
Authors: ALARAPE A. I. , OBANO B. O.
Published: August 2024

Pensions and gratuities are frequently associated with retirement, which is a dynamic method of gradually ending work activities. Retirement brings many changes and adaptations in lifestyle, friendships, and mental health. Pre-retirement anxiety is a prevalent psychological concern among employees nearing retirement age. Relatively few studies have described how pre-retirement anxiety affects employees, their work lives, and their families. The present study examined the influence of perceived organisational support, financial strain, and psychological wellbeing on pre-retirement anxiety. Data were collected from 307 federal employees who had less than ten years to retire using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant main effect of perceived organisational support [F (1,299) =6.51; p <.05], financial strain [F (1,299) =11.37; p <.01], and psychological wellbeing [F (1,299) =31.23; p <.001] on pre-retirement anxiety. Respondents with lower perceived organisational support (x = 50.15), higher financial strain (x = 50.93), and lower psychological wellbeing (x = 53.03) reported higher levels of pre-retirement anxiety compared to the counterparts. The interaction of perceived organisational support, financial strain, and psychological wellbeing also influenced pre-retirement anxiety [F (1,299) =11.86; p <.01]. Respondents who were low on perceived organisational support, high on financial strain, and low on psychological wellbeing were more anxious about retirement (x = 59.38) than other combinations of the three independent variables. There was a significant joint influence of perceived organisational support, financial strain, and psychological wellbeing on pre-retirement anxiety [R =.73; R² = .54; F (3,303) =117.93; p < .001] with three independent variables accounting for 54% of the variance. The solution to pre-retirement anxiety is multifaceted. Organisations, government agencies, employees, and industrial and organisational psychologists all have roles to play in alleviating pre-retirement anxiety.
Alteraciones hepáticas en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Authors: Chang Jacinto Melanny Rashell
Published: August 2024

OBJETIVO: Describir las alteraciones hepáticas en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana diagnosticadas por ultrasonografía y bioquímica, en mayores de 18 años. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 215 pacientes diagnosticados con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana del año 2019 al 2023. RESULTADOS: Se observó que el 93.5% de los pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana presentaron alteraciones hepáticas, predominando el sexo masculino con el 82.6%. El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia fue de 18-27 años, comprendiendo el 37.9%. La mayoría procedían de Zacapa, abarcando el 43.8%. La principal comorbilidad fue diabetes mellitus correspondiendo el 4.4% y el antecedente toxicológico más frecuente fue el consumo de alcohol, correspondiendo el 24.8% de los casos. La esteatosis hepática es el hallazgo ultrasonográfico más usual comprendiendo el 33.3%. Demostrando aumento del aspartato aminotransferasa en el 37.9% de los casos y se evidenció el colesterol-HDL disminuido en el 70.7%. Se observó Candida albicans en el 9.9% de los casos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se comprobó que existen alteraciones hepáticas en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Con mayor representación en hombres y la mayoría de los pacientes proceden de Zacapa. El grupo de edad más común está entre los 18-27 años. La esteatosis hepática es la alteración ultrasonográfica más frecuente y el aumento del aspartato aminostransferasa y disminución del colesterol-HDL fueron los principales biomacardores hepáticos alterados. Candida albicans fue el patógeno oportunista más usual.
Comprehensive Analysis of Prescription Opioid Addiction: A Study at Ibn Sina Hospital Center (2010-2023)
Authors: Bahetta S. , Moussaoui N. El , Sabir M. , Elomari F.
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively describe and analyze the characteristics of patients suffering from prescription opioid use disorders at Ibn Sina Hospital Center in Rabat between 2010 and 2023. The study focuses on identifying demographic patterns, psychiatric and organic comorbidities, economic status, and treatment modalities to provide insights for better clinical and socio-professional rehabilitation strategies. Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted, involving 40 patients diagnosed with prescription opioid use disorders. Data were collected from medical records and standardized questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods were used to summarize the data, while analytical techniques, including statistical tests, were employed to identify significant associations between variables. Results: The study found a significant increase in opioid use disorder cases over the years, with a notable rise in 2022 and 2023. The majority of patients were aged between 20 and 49 years, with an equal distribution between males and females. High prevalence rates of psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression (25%) and anxiety (20%), were observed. Additionally, a significant portion of patients (45%) were unemployed. Methadone treatment was the most common therapeutic approach (62.5%), followed by classical withdrawal methods (25%) and psychotherapy (12.5%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for integrated care models that address both mental health and addiction, alongside socio-economic support. The high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and unemployment among patients highlight the importance of comprehensive treatment programs that include psychological care and vocational training. Future research should focus on personalized and holistic approaches to improve the management and rehabilitation of individuals with opioid use disorders.
Refractive Errors among Children Aged 12-18 at the Secondary Ophthalmology Center of Ouelessebougou
Authors: S Malle , M Traore , M Doumbia , A Dicko , E Dakouo , A Napo
Published: August 2024

Refractive errors are the most common causes of visual acuity reduction globally and are one of the main reasons for ophthalmology consultations. The aim of this study is to examine refractive errors in children aged 12 to 18 years at the secondary ophthalmology center of Ouelessebougou. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022, including 130 patients seen at the center. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel 2016 software. Decreased visual acuity was the most common reason for consultation (23.8%), while LCET was the most frequently associated ocular pathology (31.5%). The majority of our patients were mild myopes with a frequency of 45.4% in both right and left eyes. With correction, almost all patients (95.4%) achieved a visual acuity of 10/10 in both eyes. Optical correction yields excellent results with significantly improved visual acuity; early detection of refractive errors is essential to reduce the risk of amblyopia.
A Comparative Analysis between Conventional-Dose and Low-Dose Bupivacaine & Fentanyl among Patients with Open Cholecystectomy under Spinal Anesthesia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Haque Dr. Md. Mamunul , Siddiqa Dr. Ashifa Ashrafi , Sultana Dr. K.M. Shakila , Ishaque Dr. Bruno
Published: August 2024

Background: This prospective observational study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of conventional-dose versus low-dose Bupivacaine combined with Fentanyl in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of conventional-dose versus low-dose Bupivacaine combined with Fentanyl in providing adequate anesthesia for open cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This prospective observational study conducted at North Bengal Medical College Hospital between 2021 and 2023, the study included a sample size of 150 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: the conventional-dose group (Group A, n=75) received 15 mg of Bupivacaine with 25 µg of Fentanyl, and the low-dose group (Group B, n=75) received 7.5 mg of Bupivacaine with 25 µg of Fentanyl. Parameters such as hemodynamic stability, duration of analgesia, postoperative pain scores, and incidence of adverse effects were recorded and analyzed. Result: Group B demonstrated better hemodynamic stability with fewer episodes of hypotension and bradycardia compared to Group A. The duration of analgesia was slightly shorter in Group B, but postoperative pain scores were comparable between the two groups. Adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, and pruritus, were less frequent in Group B. Conclusion: The study suggests that low-dose Bupivacaine combined with Fentanyl is a viable alternative to conventional-dose regimens for spinal anesthesia in open cholecystectomy, offering comparable analgesia with improved hemodynamic stability and fewer adverse effects. Further research is recommended to corroborate these findings and explore long-term outcomes.
Vascular Embols Responsible of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and Cerebral Vascular Accident during Hypertensive Pic: A Case Report
Authors: Arnaud Yonli Yempabou Hugues , ERIGA L. J. V. , Oyé D. A Yaya- , OUMAROU F. K. Sambou , Mouzari Y. , Oubaaz A.
Published: August 2024

We report the case of a 60-year-old patient referred for a sudden drop in visual acuity in the right eye sixteen hours after hypertensive peak. The visual acuity was limited to light perception on the right and 10/10 P2 on the left. The fundus examination revealed occlusion of the central retinal artery, with typical ischemic edema and a cherry-red macula. A fluorescein angiography showed a major circulatory slowdown. A cerebral CT scan also showed ischemic damage. The patient benefited from anticoagulation and oxygen therapy, without any improvement in visual acuity.
Neurofibromatosis Type I Otological Manifestations: Case Report
Authors: González MD Katherine Elizabeth Córdova , Loachamin MD Alexis David Jacho , Galván MD Jennyfer Estefanía Vallejo
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disease, classically caused by a single gene disorder. Its causative genetic defect is determined by a gene on chromosome 17 and is believed to manifest in neural crest cells, which in later stages contribute to the formation of the meninges, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, autonomic motor neurons and Schwann cells. [1] Clinical case: We present a 14-year-old girl with a history of neurifibromatosis type I, with stenosis of the external auditory canal of the left ear secondary to previous neurosurgical interventions. On physical examination, the patient presented a soft, diffuse tumor that affected the left pre- and post-auricular regions, as well as the entire pinna, which showed an anterior-inferior displacement. Stenosis of the external auditory canal. Multiple brown spots were seen on the trunk, neck and extremities, as well as ephelides in the axillary region and multiple neurofibromas, most of them on the head and upper extremities. Discussion: The treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 must be individualized. It depends on the location of the tumor, whether it causes significant pain or disfigurement, whether it affects function, and its growth rate. Options range from observation, partial or total surgical resection, and the use of chemotherapy.
Ferrous Sulfate Reduces the Phenylhydrazine Induced Negative Correlation between Aldosterone Concentration and Creatinine Clearance (GFR) in Wistar Rats
Authors: Beshel Favour Nyoh , Nwandinma Justina Nwangwa , Beshel Justin Atiang , Juko Honesty Eyoanwan
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of phenylhydrazine on creatinine clearance, hence GFR and the relationship between GFR and aldosterone. Sixteen 16 male Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250 grams were randomly divided into four groups namely: Group 1 – Normal control Group 2 - Hematinic group (Fes): fed normal rat chow + tap water + ferrous sulphate (using an oral gavage at 75mg/kg bw); Group 3 - Anemic -treated group (AFes): administered Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) intraperitoneally for two consecutive days to induce anemia at a dose of 40mg/kg bw + normal rat chow + tap water + ferrous sulphate at 75mg/kg bw. Group 4 (Anu) – Anemic control group: administered Phenlyhydrazine (PHZ) intraperitoneally at a dose of 40mg/kg of bw + normal rat chow + tap water (as in group one). After 15 days, blood and urine samples were collected into sterile sample bottles for analysis. There was a significant (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05) increase in aldosterone levels between Anu, control, Fes and AFes respectively. There was a significant (P<0.001) decrease in control compared with Anu. There was also a significant (P<0.01, P<0.001) decrease in Fes with AFes and Anu. Anu creatinine clearance was also significantly (P<0.001) lower than AFes. Phenylhydrazine intoxication led to a reduction in creatinine clearance and an increase in aldosterone levels, confirming a negative correlation (r= 0.9956, P<0.01) between aldosterone and creatinine clearance. Also, ferrous sulphate tends to reduce the extent to which aldosterone levels increased hence narrowing the margine and or reducing the significance of the correlation.
Aquasomes: A Promising Delivery Systems for Poorly Soluble Bioactives
Authors: M Megha, P. , R Sivakumar, , R Ranitha, , P Punnya, E.
Published: August 2024

Aquasomes are considered an excellent and efficient carrier system for the transport of drugs or biochemically active long chain macromolecules such as proteins and peptides, various hormones, antigens, enzymes, and genes in the recently burgeoning field of nanobiotechnology research. These are three-layer self-collecting structures composed of an oligomeric film covering a strong stage nanocrystalline centre to which biochemically dynamic particles adhere to, independent of changes in the environment and which self-assembles through non-covalent or ionic connections. Aquasomes are circular particles, 60–300 nm in size, that are used to deliver antigens and medications. The structural stability is provided by the solid core, while the active drug molecules are stabilized and protected from dehydration by the polyhydroxy oligomer covering. The most common way to distribute aquasome formulations is parenterally, however recent research indicates that there may be additional, oral, ways as well. A combination of targeted molecular shielding and prolonged release mechanism is used by aquasome to deliver their bioactive chemicals. The present paper offers an overview of the aquasome as a potentially useful medication delivery technique. It covers every facet of aquasome, such as their structure, the processes for preparing them, ways to characterize them, and medical uses as a drug delivery system.
PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW, PROFITABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2018 - 2022)
Authors: Utami Vira Putri , Khadijah Khadijah , Laili Nur Isra , Sandra Elminaliya , Khadijah
Published: August 2024

Peluang bisnis di era globalisasi saat ini semakin besar didukung dengan persaingan perusahaan yang semakin ketat, dengan adanya hal ini perusahaan dipaksa untuk terus melakukan inovasi perkembangan produk serta meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Populasinya adalah 11 Perusahaan Farmasi dan 7 perusahaan sebagai sampel yang tercatat di BEI sejak Tahun 2018 - 2022. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yaitu teknik penentuan sampel berdasarkan kriteria dan pertimbangan tertentu. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi yang perhitungannya menggunakan software SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Free cash flow dan Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen pada Perusahaan farmasi dan variabel profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebijakan deviden pada perusahaan farmasi.
Analysis of The Effectiveness of Controlling Ganoderma boninense Attacks Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) In Producing Plants At Pt.Perkebunan Nusantara III Kebun Sei Putih
Authors: Yosephine Ingrid Ovie , Effendi Zulham , Guntoro Guntoro , Ardi Imam Zulfa Septian
Published: August 2024

Ganoderma is a type of disease that cannot be taken lightly because it can cause death to affected oil palm plants. Ganoderma infections can spread through spores and root contact. If there is inoculum in the soil, then spread through the soil is very difficult to avoid. This research aims to determine the effect of handling Ganoderma Boninense disease attacks on the decline in the population of oil palm plants ( Elaeis guineensis jacq) in producing crops at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Sei Putih Garden. This research was carried out at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Sei Putih Garden. Study This done on month August year 2023. Study This use method Qualitative And Quantitative with count percent intensity attack ganoderma. In this study, a statistical test using SPSS two way ANOVA to see whether a comparison occurs significant changes in controlling ganoderma boninense attacks in PT. Nusantara Plantation III Sei Garden White. Results study This show that control Which done in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III is running well, because it has been able to handle it spread disease ganoderma. With recognize symptom beginning, disaster attacks can be handled either through preventive measures or most No Can done isolation or dumping so disease Ganoderma boninense it doesn't spread to another location.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Farmasi di BEI
Authors: Elbawati Anjula , Rusmita Sari , Haryono Haryono
Published: August 2024

The current economic situation has created fierce competition among companies to increase their value and appear attractive to investors. This study aims to determine the impact of financial ratios (liquidity, profitability, and solvency) on the value of pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX. Multiple linear regression analysis methods were used in this study. The results indicated that liquidity positively and significantly affects firm value. In contrast, profitability and solvency have a negative and insignificant impact on firm value. Simultaneously, liquidity, profitability, and solvency collectively significantly influence firm value.
Public interest statements
This study is valuable for understanding how financial ratios affect the value of pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX. By analyzing liquidity, profitability, and solvency ratios, this study helps investors and managers make better-informed decisions. Investors can evaluate financial health and growth potential, while managers can pinpoint areas that require improvement. This research is anticipated to enhance the transparency and efficiency of the Indonesian capital market, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector.
Pengaruh leverage, intensitas modal, dan intensitas persediaan terhadap tarif pajak efektif pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022
Authors: Monica Cheristine , Josephine Kezia
Published: August 2024

This research study investigates the effective tax rates. It aims to provide empirical evidence of the impact of leverage, capital, and inventory intensity on the effective tax rate. The study uses specific selection criteria to focus on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. A total of sixty-eight companies were chosen as samples through purposive sampling. The samples were then analyzed and tested using the multiple linear regression method. The study results indicate that the leverage variable affects the effective tax rate. At the same time, capital intensity does not affect the effective tax rate. On the other hand, inventory intensity has also been proven to affect the company's effective tax rate.
Public interest statements
Investors should consider various financial ratios to maximize profits. This study's findings can provide guidance for making informed decisions. Companies should prioritize factors that attract investor interest and ensure accurate completion of financial reports. The study's results can help them better understand these factors. Future researchers should consider adjusting variables to improve the effectiveness of the tax rate. The study's findings can serve as a starting point for their research.
Marketing of Spice Powder in Dhaka City A Case Study on Square Consumer Product Ltd.
Authors: Nasrin Shah, Naaz
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to examine the marketing pattern of a leading powder spice ‘Radhuni’ offered by Square Consumer Products Ltd. (SCPL) in Dhaka city. The research focuses on procurement of raw materials, distribution channel, pricing, promotion activities and customer opinion regarding ‘Radhuni’ powder spices. The study revealed that SCPL market their product at premium price due to the quality features of ‘Radhuni’. 56 percent of consumers opined that Radhuni spices powders are very good in quality. The study suggests that SCPL should consider value based pricing instead of cost based pricing and SCPL should go for field survey to find out consumer’s opinion which in turn help them to maintain leadership position in spice powder market of Bangladesh.
A Proposal to Introduce Value Based Management in NGOs of Bangladesh
Authors: Munima Siddika
Published: August 2024

Presently the rapid growth and diversification of the gigantic NGO sector of Bangladesh has given rise to questions and concerns, about their trade-offs between sustainability and pro-poor orientation; the impact and quality of services; corporate governance; management and accountability. The paper is based on a proposal to introduce a modern management system viz. value based management (VBM) in the NGOs of Bangladesh. Value-based management can be defined as an integrated management control system that measures, encourages and supports the creation of net worth. The report of Transparency International Bangladesh ‘Problems of Governance in the NGO Sector: The Way Out’ (TIB) 2007 is used here as an information source of finding out the flaws of existing management techniques. Finally the paper recommended implementation techniques of VBM in order to regain the image of the NGOs as a pioneer of social welfare in Bangladesh.
Identifying the Critical Issues of Microfinance Institutions – Bangladesh Case
Authors: Nusrat Nargis
Published: August 2024

Microfinance means providing financial services to low income group. This paper highlights an overview of Microfinance Programs and Microfinance Institutions in Bangladesh. In recent years, Microfinance Programs have attracted so many poor people in Bangladesh as they were not able to borrow money from the formal sector. There are some issues that have arisen recently regarding the microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. This paper identified those issues. It has been identified that there are some issues that could be managed only by the Government of Bangladesh and some issues which could be solved by the microfinance institutions themselves. In this regard some suggestions are given.
Reflective Teaching through Continuous Assessment:
Authors: Shamsi Ara Huda
Published: August 2024

In EFL context, teachers’ frequent adjustment with students’ particular needs is a pre-condition to facilitate students’ active learning of speaking skill. And only a systematic reflection can have a consistent adjustment. Continuous assessment is a process through which both the teachers and the students can feedback each-other and thus can elicit a two way reflection which can have a significant impact in improving both the students’ way of reception and the teachers’ way of instruction. This paper acknowledges the existing teacher and student assessment process of private universities in Bangladesh and examines how a teacher’s regular journal can emerge a more frequent reflective approach in providing face-to-face feedback and in developing specific learner centered strategies.
ANÁLISE DA EFETIVIDADE DO GRUPO DE GESTANTES DO PRÉ-NATAL NA MODALIDADE ONLINE COMO FERRAMENTA DE APRENDIZAGEM NO CICLO GRAVÍDICO PUERPERAL
Authors: Rocha Rhayanne Rayssa dos Santos , Cavalcante Ribeiro Kelly Da Silva
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a efetividade do grupo de gestantes na modalidade online como ferramenta de aprendizagem. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, observacional e descritivo. As participantes foram pacientes que participaram do grupo de gestantes, em um centro de parto normal, na modalidade presencial ou online. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário estruturado, contendo 16 perguntas fechadas, acerca dos assuntos abordados no curso. Resultado: Verificamos a predominância de maiores acertos de questões no grupo presencial em comparação ao grupo online. Porém, observou-se que a média de acertos do grupo online gira em torno de 12,44 de um total de 16 questões, o que é muito efetivo. Conclusão:  O grupo de gestante na modalidade online, se mostra como uma ferramenta efetiva no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na medida que os ensinamentos e compartilhamentos de informações são absorvidos em sua maioria pelas gestantes.
Needle Threat and Acquired Dental Phobia in Pediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Hassan Hammad
Published: August 2024

Objective: To identify the relationship between injection needle threat as a mode of disciplining children and acquired dental phobia in pediatric patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at University College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan between December 2021 and November 2022. The study included individuals under the age of 18 years who were presented during the survey and scheduled for pulpotomy or pulpectomy treatment. The study assessed two primary outcomes: dental anxiety and childhood needle threat. Dental anxiety was evaluated using the Modified Children's Dental Anxiety Scale, while childhood needle threat was measured by observing the child's responses to scenarios involving needles. Results: Of total 200 pediatric patients, the mean age was 12.04 ±2.34 years. Mild dental anxiety level was observed in 56 (28.0%) patients, moderate in 122 (61.0%) patients and severe in 22 (11.0%) patients. Childhood needle threat was observed in 94 (47.0%) patients. Patients with mild dental anxiety were 0.86 times significantly less likely to have needle threat as compared to patients with severe dental anxiety (cOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.48, p-value 0.002). Similarly, patients with moderate dental anxiety were 0.83 times significantly less likely to have needle threat as compared to patients with severe dental anxiety (cOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.55, p-value 0.003). Conclusion: The study revealed that most children exhibited moderate dental anxiety, with a notable incidence of dental phobia. Those with higher anxiety levels felt more threatened by needles, underscoring the need to avoid using needles as a mode of discipline.
Comparison of Fibrosis-4 with FibroScan for Liver Fibrosis Assessment in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kakar Fahad , Siddiqui Arif Rasheed , Niaz Saad Khalid , ul Haq Haqqi Syed Afzal , Farrukh Zea ul Islam , Ashraf Wallam Muhammad Danish , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ahmed Rizvi Sayed Rohail
Published: August 2024

Objective: To compare the efficacy and accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index with FibroScan in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from October 2023 to April 2024. All known cases of NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) aged ≥18 years, regardless of gender, were included. FIB-4 scores were measured using age, platelet level, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). FibroScan categorized liver fibrosis into stages F0 to F4 with specific stiffness ranges: F0 (1–6 kPa), F1 (6.1–7 kPa), F2 (7.1–9 kPa), F3 (9.1–10.3 kPa), and F4 (≥10.4 kPa). Results: Of the 146 patients, the median age was 52.00 (IQR: 47.00–54.00) years. Based on FibroScan results, 61 (41.8%) patients were classified as F1, 35 (24.0%) as F2, 30 (20.5%) as F3, and 20 (13.7%) as F4. The diagnostic performance of FIB-4 showed an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90). The optimal cut-off for FIB-4 was 1.28 with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.0%, 65.6%, 59.7%, 98.4%, and 76.7%, respectively. Spearman's correlation test (ρ) was applied and a significantly moderate correlation was found between FibroScan and FIB-4 (ρ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusion: FIB-4 demonstrated higher accuracy and diagnostic performance in determining liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients compared to FibroScan.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Local Wound Infiltration for Postoperative Pain Management in Patient Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Mandviwala Haider Abbas , Uddin Syed Wahaj , Naeem Kashif , Mirza Zeeshan , Rehman Aniqa
Published: August 2024

Objective: To compare the outcomes of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local wound infiltration (LAI) for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan from December 2023 to May 2024. Female patients aged 18 to 50 years, and scheduled for TAH under general anesthesia were included. Patients were randomly allocated to the TAP group or the LAI group using sealed opaque envelopes. The primary outcome was pain score at different time intervals postoperatively. Pain score measured using the Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes included total analgesia consumption within 24 hours. Results: Of total 100 patients, the median (IQR) age was 50.0 (47.2-55.0) years. At 8 hours postoperatively, the median pain score was significantly lower in the TAP group 0.0 (0.0-1.0) compared to the LAI group 1.0 (0.0-2.0) (p-value <0.001). Similarly, at 12 hours, the TAP group reported a median pain score of 2.0 (1.0-2.0), significantly lower than the LAI group 3.0 (2.0-4.0) (p-value <0.001). At 24 hours, the median pain score remained significantly lower in the TAP group 50.0 (50.0-70.0) compared to the LAI group 130.0 (120.0-140.0) (p-value <0.001). Total analgesia consumption was also significantly lower in TAP group as compared to LAI group i.e., 50.0 (50.0-70.0) vs. 130.0 (120.0-140.0) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The TAP block provided superior postoperative pain control compared to LAI in patients undergoing TAH, evidenced by lower pain scores and reduced analgesia consumption. Keywords: Analgesia, Hysterectomy, Postoperative Pain, Visual Analogue Scale
Bridging the Digital Divide: Fostering STEM Education for Digital Economy Leadership
Authors: Maisiri James , Madzikanda Takaedza Simbarashe
Published: August 2024

As BRICS countries strive to build a digital economy, these nations must prepare their populous for the ‘future of work.’ Digital economies tend to create middle to high-skilled jobs. This is problematic as many workers are trapped in low-skill occupations and lack the expertise to participate in a digital economy adequately. A digital economy requires a population that is literate in Science, Technology, Engineering, and mathematics (STEM). While BRICS has made progress in educating their populous in these fields, they still have a long way to go. More STEM graduates (especially women) must be produced to maintain and create a digital economy. This policy brief maps out strategies for BRICS countries to increase STEM participation.
IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS III SDIT HARAPAN BUNDA 2 PURWOKERTO
Authors: Saputri Anggun Dewi , Bintaro Tri Yuliansyah
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi budaya sekolah dalam membentuk karakter religius peserta didik kelas III di SDIT Harapan Bunda 2 Purwokerto. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah budaya sekolah dalam membentuk karakter religius peserta didik kelas III SDIT Harapan Bunda 2 Purwokerto dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu budaya sekolah yang bersifat formal diantaranya shalat dhuha, dzikir pagi, hikmah pagi, membaca asmaul husna, tahfidz tahsin, shalat dhuhur, program BPI, shalat jumat, keputrian, dan berdo’a sebelum/sesudah pembelajaran. Adapun budaya sekolah yang bersifat insidental diantaranya mengucapkan salam, bersalaman dengan ustadz/ustadzah, menghormati uztadz/ustadzah, antre mengambil makan/berwudhu, berdoa sebelum/sesudah makan, dan makan sambil duduk dengan menggunakan tangan kanan. Dampak dari implementasi budaya sekolah tersebut adalah adanya perubahan karakter dan sikap pada peserta didik. Faktor pendukungnya adalah ustadzah, peserta didik dan orangtua. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan rumah dan konsistensi. Solusi untuk mengatasi faktor penghambat adalah dengan mengadakan evaluasi budaya sekolah, menjalin komunikasi dengan orangtua dan memberikan motivasi
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB BULLYING PADA SISWA SD NEGERI KEMBARAN DI GENERASI ALPHA ERA 5.0
Authors: Puspitaningrum Astri Trias , Febrianta Yudha
Published: August 2024

Bullying ialah perilaku negative yang dijalankan Orang atau sekelompok orang yang melakukan tindakan berulang dengan maksud menyakiti orang lain baik secara mental maupun fisik yang menyebabkan perasaan tidak aman dan tidak nyaman bagi orang lain. Siswa kelas II SD Negeri Kembaran beberapa peserta didik masih suka membully sesama teman sebaya. Dengan begitu, studi ini tujuannya untuk memahami bagaimana karakteristik perilaku bullying, dan bentuk bullying yang dilakukan peserta didik serta faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya perilaku bullying pada SD Negeri Kembaran. Metode penelitian yang dimanfaatkan studi ini ialah kualitatif. Subjek studi ini yaitu guru kelas, murid, dan orang tua. Teknik pengumpulan data dijalankan melewati wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwasanya perilaku bullying pada murid kelas II SD N Kembaran terjadi karena peserta didik menghadapi bullying dari teman di sekolah dan lingkungan rumahnya karena keadaan fisiknya yang gemuk. Peran guru dianggap sangat berpengaruh dalam menangani masalah ini, hal ini berdampak besar terhadap aktivitas belajar dan kesejahteraan emosional peserta didik. Pendidik dan orang tua harus memberikan dukungan tambahan untuk mengatasi efek negatif. Tindakan sekolah mencakup penanggulangan bullying secara langsung, serta pelayanan konseling dan bimbingan.