bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithologic Control on the Scaling Properties of the First‐Order Streams of Drainage Networks: A Monofractal Analysis
Authors: Cámara J. , Gómez-Miguel V. , Martín M.A.
Published: August 2013

The interrelation between bedrock lithology and the geometry of the drainage systems has been widely studied in the last decades. The quantification of this linkage has not yet been clearly established. Several studies have selected river basins or regularly shaped areas as study units, assuming them to be lithologically homogeneous. This study considered irregular distributions of rock types, establishing areas of the soil map (1:25,000) with the same lithologic information as study units. The tectonic stability and the low climatic variability of the study region allowed effective investigation of the lithologic controls on the drainage networks developed on the plutonic rocks, the metamorphic rocks, and the sedimentary materials existing in the study area. To exclude the effect of multiple in‐ and outflows in the lithologically homogeneous units, we focused this study on the first‐order streams of the drainage networks. The geometry of the hydrologic features was quantified through traditional metrics of fluvial geomorphology and scaling parameters of fractal analysis, such as the fractal dimension, the reference density, and the lacunarity. The results demonstrate the scale invariance of both the drainage networks and the set of first‐order streams at the study scale and a relationship between scaling in the lithology and the drainage network.
Genetic Polymorphism TNFα -308G>A and Ischemic Stroke in Northern Romania
Authors: Petrișor Felicia , Popp Ra , Cătană Andreea , Porojan M , Pop Iv
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Romania. Evidence in supporting the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha in ischemic pathogenesis is now well established. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between TNFα -308G>A polymorphism and ischemic stroke in a Northern Romanian population group and to determine whether it has an influence on the risk of cerebral events. This is a cross-sectional, randomized, case-control study for the evaluation of TNFα -308G>A polymorphism alleles frequency among patients with ischemic stroke.

Material and method: The study included 108 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke (neurological and CT scan examination), and 118 healthy unrelated controls. TNFα -308G>A genotyping was carried out using PCR-RFLP technique. The amplification of the relevant gene fragment was subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, followed by gel electrophoresis.

Results: Molecular analysis did not reveal an increased frequency of GA mutant genotype in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.879, OR = 0.928, CI = 0.512-1.682).

Conclusions: We found no significant differences in distribution of the TNFα -308G>A polymorphism between ischemic stroke patients and controls.
A Case of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Leukemia
Authors: Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Benedek I , Benedek Erzsébet , Kakucs Enikő , Tunyogi Aliz , Istrati Monica , Kurtus Aranka
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia is a rare subtype of acute leukemia, which has recently been established as a distinct pathologic entity that typically follows a highly aggressive clinical course in adults. The aim of this report is to present a case of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia due to its rarity and difficulty to recognize and diagnose it.

Case report: We present a case of a 67 year-old man who presented multiple subcutaneous lesions on his face, neck, chest and upper extremities with reddish-brown, brown colour. In the bone marrow aspirate 83% of the blast cells were found. Immunophenotypically the blasts were positive for CD4, CD56, CD123 (high intensity), CD36, CD22, CD10 (10.42%), CD33, HLA-DR, CD7 (9.24%), CD38 (34.8%) and negative for CD13, CD64, CD14, CD16, CD15, CD11b, CD11c, CD3, CD5, CD2, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD34. The skin biopsy showed lymphohistiocytoid infiltration in the dermis. The patient was diagnosed with acute plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia and received polychemotherapy with rapid response of skin lesions and blastic infiltration of the bone marrow. After 3 courses of polychemotherapy the cutaneous lesions reappeared and multiplied. The blast infiltration in the bone marrow increased to 70%. A more aggressive polychemotherapy regimen was administered, but the patient presented serious complications (febrile neutropenia) and died in septic shock 8 months after the initiation of treatment.

Conclusions: Immunophenotyping of blasts cells is indispensable in the diagnosis of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia. The CD4+, CD56+, lin-, CD123 ++high, CD11c-, CD36+, HLA-DR+, CD34-, CD45+ low profile is highly suggestive for pDCL. The outcome of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia is poor. Despite the high rate of initial response to treatment, early relapses occur and the patients die of disease progression.
Effect of temperature and light on seed germination of Erysimum naxense and Erysimum krendlii
Authors: Gkika Paraskevi , Krigas Nikos , Menexes George , Eleftherohorinos Ilias , Maloupa Eleni
Published: August 2013

Seed germination of two local Greek endemics was studied (Erysimum naxense, Erysimum krendlii). Seed viability was determined by using the tetrazolium method and germination was studied in synchronized cycles of five and four alternating temperatures [10/5 (for E. naxense only) and 15/10, 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25°C for both species, in cycles of 16 h day/8 h night], and in five light regimes (red, blue, green, white, and dark). Germination of E. naxense and E. krendlii seeds was determined daily for six and five weeks, respectively, with the data analyzed as viability adjusted accumulative seed germination at the end of each week. E. naxense’s seed viability was higher (90%) than that of E. krendlii (64%); seed germination (%) of both increased at low alternating temperatures (10/5°C, 15/10°C, 20/15°C). Germination of E. naxense seeds at low temperatures was light-independent, whereas at high temperatures it was increased with red light. Germination of E. krendlii seeds was inconsistently affected by light at the temperatures studied. Percentages of seed germination of both species were higher in experimental conditions similar to the ones of their natural habitats during autumn and/or spring (facilitated with Geographic Information Systems). These conclusions provide guidelines for species-specific propagation protocols and ex situ conservation.
Structural and optical properties of europium-doped zinc oxide nanopowders prepared by mechanochemical and combustion reaction methods
Authors: Ivetić T.B. , Dimitrievska M.R. , Gúth I.O. , Đačanin Lj.R. , Lukić-Petrović S.R.
Published: August 2013

Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with europium were obtained by high energy ball milling followed by heat treatment and combustion reaction synthesis method starting from its microcrystalline powders. The influence of the preparation method approach and europium doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO powders was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diversity in Germany: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Wilhelm Cornelia
Published: August 2013

This article explores the changing perception of "diversity" and "cultural difference" in Germany and shows how they were central in the construction of "self" and "other" throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries affecting minorities such as Jews, Poles, and others. It examines different levels of legal and political action toward minorities and immigrants in this process and explores how the perception and legal framework for the Turkish minority in the past sixty years was influenced by historical patterns of such perceptions and their memory. The article tries to shed some light on how the nature of coming-to-terms with the past ( Vergangenheitsbewältigung ) and the memory of the Holocaust have long prohibited a broader discussion on inclusion and exclusion in German society. It makes some suggestions as to what forced Germans in the postunification era to reconsider legislation, as well as society's approach to "self" and "other" under the auspices of the closing of the "postwar period" and a newly emerging united Europe.
Identity Issues in the History of the Postwar Migration from Turkey to Germany
Authors: Wilpert Czarina
Published: August 2013

In the last decade, many descendants of immigrants from Turkey have been grappling with new expressions of their belongingness and workable identifiers to express their place within German society. Those searching are often citizens and young professionals who have been born or raised there. Until recently it had been assumed that incorporation though citizenship would be a sufficient basis for becoming Germans. It was also a political belief that to introduce the territorial right (ius soli) to citizenship would be a step toward Germany recognizing itself as a country of immigration. Whether or not this has been the case is addressed in this article. To do this critical events since the initiation of the settlement process and the messages communicated during this period will be examined. A review of these events and messages suggests that tradition, institutions and public discourse continue to articulate an ethnicized view of citzenship that creates barriers to identification with becoming a German. Two prototypes of responses to this situation are analyzed. Finally, there is a discussion of the understanding of citizenship required in this context.
Quantifying the predictability of the timing of jökulhlaups from Merzbacher Lake, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kingslake Jonathan , NG Felix
Published: August 2013

Glacier-dammed lakes can yield subglacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) repeatedly. Predicting flood timing is crucial for hazard mitigation, but incomplete understanding of flood-initiation physics makes this challenging. Here we examine the predictability of the timing of jökulhlaups from Merzbacher Lake, Kyrgyzstan, using five flood-date prediction models of varying complexity. The simplest model, which offers a benchmark against which the other models are compared, assumes that floods occur on the same date each year. The other four models predict flood dates using a flood-initiation threshold approach and incorporate weather forcing (approximated by the output of two climate reanalyses) behind the meltwater input to the lake; the most complex of these models accounts for a moving subglacial water divide beneath the glacier that dams the lake. Each model is optimized against recorded flood dates to maximize its prediction ability. In terms of their flood prediction ability, our two best models are those that assume a variable outburst threshold governed by the rate of meltwater input to the lake and the rate of lake-level rise. They excel over the simplest and most complex models and correctly predict flood dates to within ±20 days 57.4% of the time. We also quantify the impact of weather uncertainty on prediction success. Our findings can inform practical flood-forecasting schemes and future investigations of flood-initiation physics.
Mass-balance model parameter transferability on a tropical glacier
Authors: Gurgiser Wolfgang , Mölg Thomas , Nicholson Lindsey , Kaser Georg
Published: August 2013

We explore the small-scale spatial and temporal transferability of model parameters between two points in the ablation zone of tropical Glaciar Shallap, Cordillera Blanca, Peru (9°S, −77° W; ∼4800 m a.s.l.) in order to provide a robust assessment of the performance of a process-based glacier mass-balance model. Relative surface height change is calculated at hourly time-steps, and cumulative values are compared to surface height measurements made at irregular intervals (14–64 days) over the course of two continuous hydrological years (August 2006–August 2008). Best-performing parameter combinations were determined for each point from the outcome of 1000 model simulations for which parameters were varied randomly within a defined range. With these parameter combinations measurements for a specific location and time-span are well reproduced. Transferring the parameter combination as optimized for one location to the other location in the ablation zone increases the errors of modeled cumulative mass balance by 5–1326 mm ice eq.a−1. Transferring the parameter combinations as optimized for one year to the other year increases the modeled errors in cumulative mass balance by 18–3179 mm ice eq.a−1. Model errors generally increase during periods with frequent snowfall and snow cover. This could reflect either the inherent difficulty of modeling complex snow processes, or the inability of the model to correctly capture the pattern of albedo evolution at this site. The magnitude of errors associated with parameter transfer in space and time highlights the need for improving model performance for robust climatological and/or hydrological analyses on tropical glaciers.
The Supply Chain’s Role in Improving Animal Welfare
Authors: Harvey David , Hubbard Carmen
Published: August 2013

Supply chains are already incorporating citizen/consumer demands for improved animal welfare, especially through product differentiation and the associated segmentation of markets. Nonetheless, the ability of the chain to deliver high(er) levels and standards of animal welfare is subject to two critical conditions: (a) the innovative and adaptive capacity of the chain to respond to society’s demands; (b) the extent to which consumers actually purchase animal-friendly products. Despite a substantial literature reporting estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) for animal welfare, there is a belief that in practice people vote for substantially more and better animal welfare as citizens than they are willing to pay for as consumers. This citizen-consumer gap has significant consequences on the supply chain, although there is limited literature on the capacity and willingness of supply chains to deliver what the consumer wants and is willing to pay for. This paper outlines an economic analysis of supply chain delivery of improved standards for farm animal welfare in the EU and illustrates the possible consequences of improving animal welfare standards for the supply chain using a prototype belief network analysis.
Immune Regulatory Activity of Vitamin D3 in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Young M. , Day Terry
Published: August 2013

While vitamin D exhibits a multitude of cellular effects that can impact on cancer development and progression, this review focuses on its immune modulatory effects. These immune modulatory effects can be both direct and indirect. Compared to other cancer types, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have received less attention, but are a fascination immunologically because of the profound extent to which they inhibit immune defenses. This review describes the mechanisms of some of these immune inhibitory processes and how vitamin D can help overcome aspects of this immune suppression.
Using Synchrotron Radiation-Based Infrared Microspectroscopy to Reveal Microchemical Structure Characterization: Frost Damaged Wheat vs. Normal Wheat
Authors: Xin Hangshu , Zhang Xuewei , Yu Peiqiang
Published: August 2013

This study was conducted to compare: (1) protein chemical characteristics, including the amide I and II region, as well as protein secondary structure; and (2) carbohydrate internal structure and functional groups spectral intensities between the frost damaged wheat and normal wheat using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM). Fingerprint regions of specific interest in our study involved protein and carbohydrate functional group band assignments, including protein amide I and II (ca. 1774–1475 cm−1), structural carbohydrates (SCHO, ca. 1498–1176 cm−1), cellulosic compounds (CELC, ca. 1295–1176 cm−1), total carbohydrates (CHO, ca. 1191–906 cm−1) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCHO, ca. 954–809 cm−1). The results showed that frost did cause variations in spectral profiles in wheat grains. Compared with healthy wheat grains, frost damaged wheat had significantly lower (p < 0.05) spectral intensities in height and area ratios of amide I to II and almost all the spectral parameters of carbohydrate-related functional groups, including SCHO, CHO and NSCHO. Furthermore, the height ratio of protein amide I to the third peak of CHO and the area ratios of protein amide (amide I + II) to carbohydrate compounds (CHO and SCHO) were also changed (p < 0.05) in damaged wheat grains. It was concluded that the SR-FTIR microspectroscopic technique was able to examine inherent molecular structure features at an ultra-spatial resolution (10 × 10 μm) between different wheat grains samples. The structural characterization of wheat was influenced by climate conditions, such as frost damage, and these structural variations might be a major reason for the decreases in nutritive values, nutrients availability and milling and baking quality in wheat grains.
The Effects of Nanomaterials as Endocrine Disruptors
Authors: Iavicoli Ivo , Fontana Luca , Leso Veruscka , Bergamaschi Antonio
Published: August 2013

In recent years, nanoparticles have been increasingly used in several industrial, consumer and medical applications because of their unique physico-chemical properties. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that these properties are also closely associated with detrimental health effects. There is a serious lack of information on the potential nanoparticle hazard to human health, particularly on their possible toxic effects on the endocrine system. This topic is of primary importance since the disruption of endocrine functions is associated with severe adverse effects on human health. Consequently, in order to gather information on the hazardous effects of nanoparticles on endocrine organs, we reviewed the data available in the literature regarding the endocrine effects of in vitro and in vivo exposure to different types of nanoparticles. Our aim was to understand the potential endocrine disrupting risks posed by nanoparticles, to assess their underlying mechanisms of action and identify areas in which further investigation is needed in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the role of nanoparticles as endocrine disruptors. Current data support the notion that different types of nanoparticles are capable of altering the normal and physiological activity of the endocrine system. However, a critical evaluation of these findings suggests the need to interpret these results with caution since information on potential endocrine interactions and the toxicity of nanoparticles is quite limited.
Effects on the Thermo-Mechanical and Crystallinity Properties of Nylon 6,6 Electrospun Fibres Reinforced with One Dimensional (1D) and Two Dimensional (2D) Carbon
Authors: Navarro-Pardo Fabiola , Martínez-Barrera Gonzalo , Martínez-Hernández Ana , Castaño Víctor , Rivera-Armenta José , Medellín-Rodríguez Francisco , Velasco-Santos Carlos
Published: August 2013

Electrospun one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) carbon based polymer nanocomposites are studied in order to determine the effect provided by the two differently structured nanofillers on crystallinity and thermo-mechanical properties of the nanofibres. The nanomaterials studied are pristine carbon nanotubes, oxidised carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide. Functional groups associated with the order structure of the polymers are analysed by infrared and Raman spectroscopies; the morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Differences in crystallisation behaviour between 1D and 2D carbon based nanofibres are shown by their crystallinity degree and their crystal sizes. The nanocomposite crystal sizes perpendicular to the plane (100) decrease with nanofiller content in all cases. The crystallinity trend and crystal sizes are in accordance with storage modulus response. The results also suggest that functionalisation favours interfacial bonding and dispersion of the nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. As a consequence the number of nucleating sites increases which in turn decreases the crystal size in the nanocomposites. These features explain the improved thermo-mechanical properties in the nanocomposites.
NMR Study on the Interaction of Trehalose with Lactose and Its Effect on the Hydrogen Bond Interaction in Lactose
Authors: Vilén Eric , Sandström Corine
Published: August 2013

Trehalose, a well-known stress-protector of biomolecules, has been investigated for its effect on the mobility, hydration and hydrogen bond interaction of lactose using diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy and NMR of hydroxy protons. In ternary mixtures of trehalose, lactose and water, the two sugars have the same rate of diffusion. The chemical shifts, temperature coefficients, vicinal coupling constants and ROE of the hydroxy protons in trehalose, lactose and sucrose were measured for the disaccharides alone in water/acetone-d6 solutions as well as in mixtures. The data indicated that addition of trehalose did not change significantly the strength of the hydrogen bond interaction between GlcOH3 and GalO5' in lactose. Small upfield shifts were however measured for all hydroxy protons when the sugar concentration was increased. The chemical shift of the GlcOH3 signal in lactose showed less change, attributed to the spatial proximity to GalO5'. Chemical exchange between hydroxy protons of lactose and trehalose was observed in the ROESY NMR spectra. Similar effects were observed with sucrose indicating no specific effect of trehalose at the concentrations investigated (73 to 763 mg/mL) and suggesting that it is the concentration of hydroxy groups more than the type of sugars which is guiding intermolecular interactions.
Improving Asthma during Pregnancy with Dietary Antioxidants: The Current Evidence
Authors: Grieger Jessica , Wood Lisa , Clifton Vicki
Published: August 2013

The complication of asthma during pregnancy is associated with a number of poor outcomes for the mother and fetus. This may be partially driven by increased oxidative stress induced by the combination of asthma and pregnancy. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which contributes to worsening asthma symptoms. Pregnancy alone also intensifies oxidative stress through the systemic generation of excess reactive oxidative species (ROS). Antioxidants combat the damaging effects of ROS; yet antioxidant defenses are reduced in asthma. Diet and nutrition have been postulated as potential factors to combat the damaging effects of asthma. In particular, dietary antioxidants may play a role in alleviating the heightened oxidative stress in asthma. Although there are some observational and interventional studies that have shown protective effects of antioxidants in asthma, assessment of antioxidants in pregnancy are limited and there are no antioxidant intervention studies in asthmatic pregnancies on asthma outcomes. The aims of this paper are to (i) review the relationships between oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants in adults with asthma and asthma during pregnancy, and (ii) provide the rationale for which dietary management strategies, specifically increased dietary antioxidants, might positively impact maternal asthma outcomes. Improving asthma control through a holistic antioxidant dietary approach might be valuable in reducing asthma exacerbations and improving asthma management during pregnancy, subsequently impacting perinatal health.
The role of electron-stimulated desorption in focused electron beam induced deposition
Authors: van Dorp Willem F , Hansen Thomas W , Wagner Jakob B , De Hosson Jeff T M
Published: August 2013

We present the results of our study about the deposition rate of focused electron beam induced processing (FEBIP) as a function of the substrate temperature with the substrate being an electron-transparent amorphous carbon membrane. When W(CO)6 is used as a precursor it is observed that the growth rate is lower at higher substrate temperatures. From Arrhenius plots we calculated the activation energy for desorption, Edes, of W(CO)6. We found an average value for Edes of 20.3 kJ or 0.21 eV, which is 2.5–3.0 times lower than literature values. This difference between estimates for Edes from FEBIP experiments compared to literature values is consistent with earlier findings by other authors. The discrepancy is attributed to electron-stimulated desorption, which is known to occur during electron irradiation. The data suggest that, of the W(CO)6 molecules that are affected by the electron irradiation, the majority desorbs from the surface rather than dissociates to contribute to the deposit. It is important to take this into account during FEBIP experiments, for instance when determining fundamental process parameters such as the activation energy for desorption.
Bromination of hydrocarbons with CBr4, initiated by light-emitting diode irradiation
Authors: Nishina Yuta , Ohtani Bunsho , Kikushima Kotaro
Published: August 2013

The bromination of hydrocarbons with CBr4 as a bromine source, induced by light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, has been developed. Monobromides were synthesized with high efficiency without the need for any additives, catalysts, heating, or inert conditions. Action and absorption spectra suggest that CBr4 absorbs light to give active species for the bromination. The generation of CHBr3 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GC–MS spectrometry analysis, indicating that the present bromination involves the homolytic cleavage of a C–Br bond in CBr4 followed by radical abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon.
Organocatalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of aziridines and epoxides
Authors: Wang Ping-An
Published: August 2013

Enantioselective desymmetrization of meso-aziridines and meso-epoxides with various nucleophiles by organocatalysis has emerged as a cutting-edge approach in recent years. This review summarizes the origin and recent developments of enantioselective desymmetrization of meso-aziridines and meso-epoxides in the presence of organocatalysts.
Human papillomavirus detection in Moroccan patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Berrada Noâma , Al-Bouzidi Abderrahmane , Ameur Ahmed , Abbar Mohammed , El-Mzibri Mohammed , Ameziane-El-Hassani Rabii , Benbacer Laïla , Khyatti Meriem , Qmichou Zineb , Amzazi Saaïd , Attaleb Mohammed
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with more human cancers than any other virus. Many studies have investigated the association between bladder cancer and HPV but the results remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether HPV have an etiological role in bladder carcinogenesis among Moroccan patients. Methodology: Forty-eight fresh biopsies (43 bladder tumors and 5 non-tumor samples) were collected for this purpose. Nested PCR with the consensus MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers was performed to detect the presence of HPV L1 gene DNA. Results: The results showed that 52.4% of bladder cancer patients were positive for HPV. Subsequent DNA sequencing of positive cases of HPV revealed the presence of HPV16 in 95.5% of bladder tumor samples. The occurrence of HPV infection varies according to clinicopathological features, but there is no significant correlation between the viral infection and tumor stage or grade. In addition, statistical analysis demonstrated that there is no association between age or sex and HPV infection. Conclusion: Our data indicate for the first time that bladder tumors from Moroccan patients harbor HR-HPV genotypes, especially HPV16, and thereby suggest that this virus may play a causative role in bladder cancer.
Souffrances familiales en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Joubert Christiane , Grange-Ségéral Évelyne
Published: August 2013

Nous exposons, à partir des travaux de R. Kaës et d’une thérapie familiale psychanalytique, comment les pactes dénégatifs sont à l’œuvre dans la famille. Cette clinique montre une modalité de lien de type « clanique », qui engendre l’atemporalité et l’inceste, sur un fond incestuel. L’inceste survient, dans la famille, quand le pacte fraternel et le contrat avec le Père ne jouent pas leur rôle d’alliances inconscientes structurantes, selon les travaux de R. Kaës (2008, 2009). Mais les modalités de liens, au sein de la famille, s’élaborent, se transforment au cours du processus thérapeutique, dans la dynamique transféro-contretransférentielle et intertransférentielle, faisant, de la transmission psychique inconsciente, une mythopoïèse groupale, riche et souple et rétablissant la temporalité.
Familles recomposées : l'impuissance du droit !
Authors: Dekeuwer-Défossez Françoise
Published: August 2013

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les propositions émises en vue de conférer un cadre juridique aux relations entre enfants et beaux-parents n’ont pu se concrétiser dans un texte de loi. Les raisons avancées pour expliquer cette carence proviennent de deux sources. D’abord, la volonté de conférer un statut aux beaux-parents sans préalablement interroger leur lien juridique avec le parent condamne la démarche à l’échec, faute de fondement lisible à leurs droits éventuels. Ensuite, le principe de coparentalité, qui impose que l’enfant demeure soumis à l’autorité parentale conjointe de ses deux parents malgré leur séparation, prive le parent recomposant de l’autonomie qui serait nécessaire pour qu’il puisse investir son nouveau conjoint de pouvoirs éducatifs sur ses enfants. Avancer dans la construction d’un statut juridique des beaux-parents nécessiterait une clarification préalable de ces deux questions.
Paternité, maternité et coparentalité à l'aune de nouveaux contextes : la résidence au père et la résidence alternée
Authors: Martial Agnès
Published: August 2013

À partir d’une enquête par entretiens menée en 2010 auprès de trente-trois pères séparés ou divorcés, cet article interroge sous l’angle du genre la redéfinition des rôles parentaux, dans le contexte de la résidence quotidienne au domicile paternel et de la résidence alternée. À partir d’un groupe socialement très diversifié, il montre que ces formes d’organisation résidentielle conduisent dans tous les milieux à la reformulation de la paternité. Ces situations font cependant l’objet d’interprétations socialement différenciées au regard de la notion de coparentalité, construisant d’un côté une paternité solitaire associée à la disqualification de la maternité, de l’autre une relation plus égalitaire, actualisable dans la résidence alternée.
Adolescent entre situation traumatogène et protection familiale
Authors: Mekiri Karim
Published: August 2013

À partir du cas clinique de deux adolescents issus de familles différentes, l’une contenante et l’autre dépourvue de son rôle contenant, cet article traite de l’importance de la famille dans la mise en œuvre d’un processus de résilience dans les situations de traumatismes extrêmes familiaux et collectifs. Ce faisant, c’est la nature de la protection apportée par les familles algériennes à ses membres touchés par le terrorisme qui a frappé l’Algérie durant les années 1990 qui est montrée. En s’appuyant sur une expérience clinique dans un centre de prise en charge des victimes de terrorisme, l’auteur explique quels éléments, dégagés dans la clinique, l’ont poussé à réfléchir au rôle protecteur de la famille dans de telles situations et à entamer une recherche dans ce sens.
L'industrie européenne de défense : changements institutionnels et stratégies de coopétition des firmes
Authors: Dupuy Romuald
Published: August 2013

Durant les années 1990, l’industrie de défense américaine s’est fortement restructurée avec une forte concentration des firmes. L’État américain a organisé le marché de la défense de manière à développer les stratégies de coopétition entre les firmes. En Europe, le phénomène de restructuration a été engagé et se poursuit. Nous montrons ici que si ce phénomène de coopétition s’observe aussi entre les firmes européennes, il nécessite des changements institutionnels. Les États transfèrent de plus en plus de compétences techniques et technologiques vers les firmes et ouvrent leurs marchés publics nationaux. Ces changements sont à la fois le fait des États mais aussi des transformations induites au niveau européen. Codes JEL : F23, L20, L64, O32
Dépenses militaires dans les pays émergents : entre aubaine et menace
Authors: Rouppert Bérangère , Mampaey Luc
Published: August 2013

Depuis une dizaine d’années, de nombreux observateurs s’inquiètent de la croissance soutenue des dépenses militaires engagées par les six économies émergentes qui constituent les « BRIICS » (Brésil, Russie, Inde, Indonésie, Chine et Afrique du Sud). Parallèlement, ces pays ne dissimulent pas leur volonté de développer leur propre base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD) afin de réduire leur dépendance vis-à-vis de l’étranger pour leurs acquisitions d’armement et de technologie militaire. Cette relance militaire est-elle l’annonce d’une nouvelle course aux armements et une menace pour l’Europe ? Ou faut-il plutôt y voir une aubaine, en termes de nouveaux marchés et de partenariats, pour l’industrie d’armement du Vieux Continent en proie aux contractions budgétaires imposées par la crise économique et financière ? Cet article établit un état des lieux de la militarisation des BRIICS et en examine les raisons, qui sont plurielles. Sans avoir nécessairement d’intentions bellicistes à l’égard de la communauté internationale, ce réarmement pose néanmoins des questions préoccupantes en termes de stabilité régionale. Codes JEL : F52, H56, O57
Le paradoxe schumpétérien ou l'absence de « Schumpeter Mark II »
Authors: Munier Francis
Published: August 2013

Le paradoxe schumpétérien est une interprétation des néo-schumpétériens qui considèrent que la pensée de J.-A. Schumpeter se singularise par une contradiction sur la question de la relation entre la taille des entreprises et leurs capacités novatrices. Nous rejetons cette interprétation en montrant que l’œuvre revêt une véritable unité théorique. Seul un « glissement » de point de vue apparaît sur le plan méthodologique, mais là aussi des nuances doivent être apportées au regard des assertions néo-schumpétériennes. Codes JEL : B10
Modélisation non paramétrique de la relation entre les séries : la cointégration qualitative
Authors: Boya Christophe , Monino Jean-Louis
Published: August 2013

Dans ce papier nous proposons d’appréhender le comportement de deux séries chronologiques avec une approche basée sur ses propriétés qualitatives. Nous mettons entre parenthèses le problème de l’intégration ou stationnarité, sources de difficultés quantitatives de plus en plus complexes, et nous nous intéressons au seul aspect qualitatif de court terme que sont les « variations qualitatives » d’une série chronologique. Ces variations ne sont pas modélisées en tant que valeurs quantitatives mais en tant qu’« état qualitatif ». En d’autres termes nous nous intéressons à deux événements complémentaires qui sont « la montée » et « la descente ». Ce choix binaire nous a amenés à considérer la série chronologique comme un modèle à réponse binaire. Nous utilisons les chaînes de Markov pour représenter la nouvelle série et obtenir un coefficient de décision. Le problème de la non-connaissance des lois sous-jacentes d’un phénomène nous impose le plus souvent de proposer des hypothèses plus ou moins contraignantes pour la construction des tests statistiques. Le rééchantillonnage nous permet d’aborder les tests sous un autre angle, souvent empirique. Le « Bootstrap », la recherche des percentiles de la série, permet de définir un intervalle de confiance de notre coefficient et de proposer un intervalle statistique et une règle de décision plus proche de l’observation. Ce dernier permet de conclure sur l’existence d’une relation entre les deux séries comme le fait la cointégration. Codes JEL : C01, C53, C14
Learning through Teaching
Authors: Cranton Patricia , Cohen Laurence Robert
Published: August 2013

The authors of this chapter explore how educators learn through teaching based on a transformative learning theoretical framework and a narrative analysis of teaching stories and teaching journals. They selected segments from teaching journals and recorded oral stories or stories exchanged in letters and e-mails and analyzed them to look for transformative learning about teaching. Four interrelated themes emerged: becoming aware of meaning perspectives about teaching, both those that are ideal and those that act as obstacles in practice; learning to make judgments and decisions; developing relationships with students; and using power. These themes are described and illustrated with data from the narratives.
Common Core State Standards
Authors: Brown Carol Adamec
Published: August 2013

Following the National Education Summit in 2000, the National Governors Association and the Council for Chief State School Officers proposed the Common Core State Standards for mathematics and English language arts. The rationale is to provide a consistent core curriculum for all schools in the United States. Each state has opportunity to contribute to the rigor, clarity, and specificity of the standards. Incentives for states to implement the national curriculum are identified in the Blueprint for ESEA, a federal initiative to implement education reforms. Policy makers and educators agree that achievement gaps between students in the U.S. and other higher performing countries must be closed. In addition, our children must be prepared for college classrooms and globally competitive careers. This chapter provides the history of standards-based education reform, the pros and cons of a nationally standardized curriculum, and current progress in implementation of Common Core State Standards.
Adapting Adult Educators’ Teaching Philosophies to Foster Adult Learners’ Transformation and Emancipation
Authors: Wang Victor X. , Cranton Patricia
Published: August 2013

This chapter argues that adult educators need to adapt their philosophy and their teaching roles to foster adult learners’ transformative learning, and it proposes a model that illustrates this process. The most common purposes of adult education are represented by five underlying philosophies as fully discussed by Elias and Merriam. Adult learners possess different needs, interests, and experiences. As teachers modify their roles and methods in response to their students’ diverse individual characteristics, they must also adapt their underlying philosophical perspective so that philosophy, roles, and methods are congruent. The authors maintain that in this context, the role of adult educators as facilitators of transformational learning should be examined and their prevalent humanistic and progressive philosophies critically questioned.
Online Learning Engagement System (OLES) Design Framework for Postsecondary Online Learning Environments
Authors: Huang Wen-Hao David
Published: August 2013

Considering the increasing enrollment in online education programs among higher education institutions in the U.S., many researchers and educators have expressed their concerns on issues that may impact online learning engagement. With a low level of online learning engagement, learners are less likely to complete the coursework and the intended learning does not occur. In order to correct this learning issue, this chapter proposes the Online Learning Engagement System (OLES) design framework to explore potential solutions that can improve online learning engagement. The OLES design framework is grounded in multiple theoretical perspectives and situated in current learning technology applications (game-based, social media-based, and open learning). While the scope of this design framework is limited at a conceptual development stage, future research potential to continue this theory-building effort is promising.
Opening the Learning Space
Authors: Tyler Jo A.
Published: August 2013

This chapter suggests that there is value in placing a primacy on the stories of student experience in higher education classrooms. Student storytelling and listening holds potential to deepen students’ understandings of the course content and foster new connections. Ways to hold the learning space that will foster student storytelling, listening, and exploration are considered. Instructional issues of directionality of instruction and control are considered. Also discussed are some foundational practices for liberating psychosocial spaces and the notion of formlessness. The chapter attempts to balance conceptual thoughts with some practical ideas that readers can begin to customize and apply in the context of their practice. Suggestions for future research are also included.
The Development of the Occupational Work Ethic for K-20 Education
Authors: Petty Gregory C.
Published: August 2013

The question of what affective skills are needed for the job or occupation are continually raised by K-20 educators, but little research has focused on a quantitative measure of this seemingly nebulous competency. This chapter focuses specifically on these competencies and how they relate to occupations and more importantly the genesis of these measures. This is a literature- and research-based rendition of the work ethic as it pertains to a person’s occupation and his or her own perception of work ethic. This information can be used for curriculum development, management, team building, or cooperative analysis of the workforce. The factor analysis performed for this study reveals four factors: actively caring, work resilience, organizational commitment, and work resistance.
Teacher Assessment in Technology
Authors: Ntuli Esther , Kyei-Blankson Lydia
Published: August 2013

Technology integration in the early childhood curriculum has seen some improvement. Many teachers now report using technology in instruction and providing young children the opportunity to use technology as a learning resource or tool in the classroom. While there has been some development in providing children with technological tools, research shows very little is known about teacher assessment of what young students know and can do with technology. This chapter a) discusses the literature on the role of assessment in education, particularly in technology-integrated early childhood classrooms, b) reveals results from a study that details the extent to which early childhood teachers assess young children’s developmental gains in technology-integrated classrooms, and c) presents recommendations for teacher use of assessment strategies or approaches to document information regarding learning among young children as evidenced by technology use in early childhood education.
Computer-Aided Engineering Education
Authors: Lee Chen Kang , Sidhu Manjit Singh
Published: August 2013

The paradigm shift in engineering education in response to the revolution of the knowledge society has created new challenges for education practitioners. The utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to facilitate the teaching and learning in engineering has increasingly raised the interest of the education practitioners throughout the world. In this chapter, the authors discuss the trends and paradigm shift in engineering education followed by the importance and current usage of ICT to support the teaching and learning in engineering. Additionally, the new learning approaches and emerging technologies that have great potential to enhance the learning experience in engineering are recommended. Finally, the authors propose a conceptual framework for the creation of a computer-aided learning environment for engineering education, particularly mechanical engineering.
Minority Students in Teacher Education
Authors: DeSutter K. L.
Published: August 2013

Educating a diverse population in America’s K-12 schools continues to receive attention in the media and professional literature. Consequently, professionals within university teacher preparation programs are making continual attempts to find ways to attract students from diverse backgrounds. Yet, these attempts have not provided the needed solution to diversifying America’s K-12 teaching force. This chapter summarizes current literature regarding the lack of minority students in teacher preparation programs across the United States. The chapter explores both institutional level and societal level challenges related to attracting minority students into teacher preparation programs. Current recruitment and retention systems are explored along with discussion of other factors that pose challenges such as stereotypes, systematic biases, and competing professional opportunities. The chapter ends with a discussion related to potential solutions at both the institutional and societal level.
Optimizing Conditions for Learning and Teaching in K-20 Education
Authors: De Simone Christina , Marquis Teresa , Groen Jovan
Published: August 2013

A long debate in education has been whether to separate the study of children's pedagogy from the study of adults' andragogy or whether it is better to bring the two under one umbrella. In this chapter, the authors propose a third, and hopefully, more fruitful view. Their contention is that in order to understand teaching and learning, one needs to examine the conditions or contexts under which teaching and learning occur. Thus, the goal is to address the question “How does one optimize the conditions for all learners and, by the same token, optimize the conditions for all teachers?” Understanding conditions or contexts helps one to view learning and teaching as part of a larger whole. Contexts affect people, resources, place, and time. This position goes beyond the “fixing” of an individual learner, whether child or adult, and an individual teacher. In this chapter, the authors discuss the following: a) optimizing conditions for all learners and b) optimizing conditions for all teachers. They do so by framing the discussion around several key principles from educational psychology, learning sciences, and adult education.
Facilitating Active Learning among Adult Learners
Authors: Sahu Chinmoy
Published: August 2013

A learner-centric approach to learning is widely known as active learning. This approach helps learners to develop higher order thinking skills and therefore facilitates deep learning. On the other hand, passive learning approach expects learners to receive information from the professor passively without much involvement in the learning process. This chapter aims to lead the readers to appreciate the role of active learning in positively influencing the process of learning among adult learners. The chapter begins by setting the context through a review of relevant literature on active learning. The subsequent discussions are structured around the four approaches to achieve active learning, namely, experiential learning, problem-based learning, participative learning, and cooperative learning. The discussions provide insights on how technological intervention is shaping each of these four approaches to facilitate active learning. While the chapter does not aim to present an exhaustive list of all possible technological interventions, the idea is to stimulate further thoughts on new possibilities in this direction. The chapter also discusses trends like the proliferation of Web 2.0 technologies, computing devices becoming increasingly portable, popularity of MOOCs, and eLearning that have the potential to positively influence active learning among adult learners.
“They Didn’t Teach Them Anything!”
Authors: Kania-Gosche Beth , Wisdom Sherrie , Leavitt Lynda
Published: August 2013

In the United States, the new Common Core standards intend for every high school senior to graduate “college and career ready.” However, the differences between K-12 public schools and higher education extend beyond the curriculum to philosophies of assessment. Rather than blaming each other, K-20 teachers and professors need to learn from each other, recognizing the strengths of each particular context, through an ongoing dialogue and exchange of ideas on instructional practice, rethinking the implementation of Bloom’s taxonomy and differentiating instruction.