bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘A Story of Being Invisible’: A Single Case Study on the Significance of Being Recognised When Needing Acute Healthcare in the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jøranson Nina , Synnes Oddgeir , Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo , Breievne Grete , Myrstad Marius , Heiberg Kristi Elisabeth , Walle-Hansen Marte Meyer , Lausund Hilde
Published: August 2023

Severe illness is often an existential threat that triggers emotions like fear, stress, and anxiousness. Such emotions can affect ill patients’ encounters with healthcare personnel. We present a single case study of an older woman who contracted COVID-19 and her challenge to be recognised by healthcare personnel in the early pandemic. Storytelling is vital to understand how patients can create meaning in illness as it gives them the opportunity to reshape and restore their past and to project a future. We used Arthur Frank’s dialogical narrative analysis to explore how one patient experienced her encounters with healthcare personnel. Although she felt very ill from COVID-19, she experienced being almost invisible and not being believed by healthcare personnel in a system marked by high stress levels and uncertainty. Despite rejections and illness, she managed to mobilise her resources, even though she depended on significant others. Her story brings forward altered self-understanding and growth. The importance of facilitating dialogical settings for healthcare professionals through patient storytelling also contributes to a broader societal understanding of illness beyond a biological perspective.
A Randomized Controlled Trial, Non-Nutrition Based mHealth Program: The Potential Impact on Dietary Intake in College Students
Authors: Tran Dieu-My T. , Cross Chad L. , Navalta James W.
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study were to (1) explore this sample’s pre- and post-intervention dietary intake, specifically the macro- and micronutrients, and their eating habits related to location of consumption and use of electronic devices, and (2) compare this sample’s nutritional measures to the current Dietary Guidelines 2020 to 2025. Twenty-eight participants were included in the secondary data analysis. Participants reported a total of 822 items consumed during this study. Most items were consumed at home ( n = 629, 76.5%). We found significant differences in the intake of energy, protein, total fat, carbohydrates, total vegetables, total grains, and total meat in different locations. For most of these measures, consumption at home and/or restaurants resulted in a greater magnitude of consumption than at other locations (e.g., car, daycare). Participants reported consuming most of their energy and nutrients while either using electronic devices alone ( n = 365, 44.4%) or using no devices ( n = 346, 42.1%). Significant differences were found among three measures including energy, total fat, and total fiber. The majority of the macronutrients (total fiber, fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy) consumed by our sample were under the threshold recommended in the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines.
The Increased Ischemic Risk During the Early Period After Clopidogrel Noncompliance in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yushan , Zhao Ruting , Yu Peng , Xu Yan , Zhang Quanyu , Han Yaling
Published: August 2023

Although dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is highly recommended by current guidelines, P2Y12 inhibitor non-adherence often occurs and devastates prognosis. To evaluate whether the ischemic risk during the early period of clopidogrel noncompliance was increased among ACS patients, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies reporting early ischemic risk after clopidogrel noncompliance in ACS patients. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI). Effect sizes were synthesized in patients with or without revascularization. A total of 7 observational studies focusing on clopidogrel noncompliance were included in this meta-analysis, whereas no studies involving ticagrelor or prasugrel were retrieved. A significantly increased risk of death or MI 0 to 90 days after clopidogrel noncompliance was found compared with that during 90 to 180 or 90 to 360 days regardless of revascularization (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-2.49, P < .001, I2 = 9%) or not (IRR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.05-2.48, P < .001, I2 = 74%). Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher risk of death or MI 0 to 90 days after clopidogrel noncompliance compared with 90–180 or 90–360 days irrespective of drug-eluting stent or bare metal stent implantation ( P < .05 for both). The early ischemic risk after clopidogrel noncompliance is significantly higher than the late risk in ACS patients. Antiplatelet noncompliance remains a serious concern.
Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Four Advanced Primary Care Redesign Initiatives on Medicare Expenditures
Authors: Smith Kevin W. , Chang Eva , Liebling Elliott , Bir Anupa
Published: August 2023

We conducted a secondary analysis of the evaluations of 22 sites participating in four primary care redesign initiatives funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services or the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. Our objectives were to determine the overall impact of the initiatives on Medicare expenditures and whether specific site-level program features influenced expenditure findings. Averaged over sites, the mean intervention effect was a statistically insignificant US$26 per beneficiary per year. Policy implications from meta-regression results suggest that funders should consider supporting technical assistance efforts and pay for performance incentives to increase savings. There was no evidence that paying for medical home transformation produced savings in total cost of care. We estimate that in future evaluations, data from 35 sites would be needed to detect feature effects of US$300 per beneficiary per year.
Diana Scully: A Feminist Mentor and Torch Bearer
Authors: Cutchin Diana Gay , Brubaker Sarah Jane
Published: August 2023

In this piece, two former students and colleagues of Diana Scully reflect on her influence on their academic, professional, and personal lives. The authors provide a general overview of Scully's contributions to gender equity in terms of scholarship and curricular development, as well as her commitment to mentoring students and junior colleagues. They share their individual journeys developing expertise and working in the field of violence against women, as well as their collaborations as teachers, researchers, advocates, and service providers that were influenced, guided, and promoted by Scully.
Sexual Violence Disclosure in #Notokay: Disclosure Goals, Disclosure-Facilitating Resources, and Overall Disclosure Trajectory
Authors: Subramanian Roma
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the disclosure goals, disclosure-facilitating resources, and overall disclosure trajectory of 16 women who participated in the 2016 #notokay antisexual violence campaign. Findings indicate that most participants’ disclosure goals were approach focused. Factors that facilitated disclosure were social media affordances and psychological, professional, and financial resources. Participants’ overall disclosure trajectory was upward, but not linear, and disclosure outcomes included self-growth and awareness of the intersectional nature of violence. The findings suggest that the disclosure processes model can be strengthened by considering goal-relevant resources as a structural or environmental factor that influences the choice of approach versus avoidance goals, and consequently, beneficial or harmful disclosure outcomes. Further, by investigating how participants’ #notokay disclosure was situated in their other online and offline disclosure episodes, this study provides a contextualized perspective of online hashtagged disclosures of sexual violence.
Incidence and Outcomes of School Finance Litigation: 1968–2021
Authors: Hanushek Eric A. , Joyce-Wirtz Matthew
Published: August 2023

State courts regularly enter in school finance decision making. School finance court cases have proceeded one or more times in all but two states. Plaintiffs ask the courts to rule that the existing funding formula is unconstitutional under state constitutions, and the defendants call for continuation of the existing finance formula. By compiling and analyzing the universe of such cases, we can accurately describe the nature of the cases, the decisions made, and the long run impact on overall financing of schools. Defendants win a slight majority of decisions with, surprisingly, their victories coming most frequently in low spending states and in low achieving states. And, while plaintiff victories on average yield an immediate increase in funding, they have no influence on long run growth in school spending.
Post-buckling behavior and failure analysis of asymmetric sandwich panels under uniaxial compression
Authors: Wu Dake , Gu Xiaolei , Peng Ang , Deng Jian , Cai Deng’an , Zhou Guangming , Wang Xinwei
Published: August 2023

Sandwich structures with an asymmetric configuration are employed to introduce in-plane loads as well as to connect them with other structural components. Understanding their failure mechanism is crucial to ensure the safety design of aircraft. This paper investigates experimentally and numerically the mechanical behavior of asymmetric sandwich panels (ASPs) under compression. Quasi-static tests are conducted to obtain the buckling loads, post-buckling behavior, and load-bearing capacity of ASPs. A non-linear finite element (FE) model is developed to elucidate their damage behavior and failure mechanism. Numerical predictions are compared with test results to validate the FE model and failure analysis. The results demonstrate that the presence of a tapered region significantly influences stress distribution and failure initiations. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of the tapered angle on the compression response of ASPs. The reported results can provide a reference for the optimal design of ASPs.
A patient with congenitally restrictive strabismus and contralateral secondary muscle enlargement
Authors: Zimmermann-Paiz Martin A.
Published: August 2023

Aim

To report the case of a congenital restrictive strabismus with a contralateral enlargement of extraocular muscles.

Case

The clinical presentation, findings, and postoperative outcomes of a 4 years old boy referred to evaluation for presenting a left eye deviation since birth are detailed.

Conclusion

A unilateral congenital restrictive strabismus (congenital hypotropia and esotropia) can be the cause of contralateral secondary enlarged extraocular muscle and It must be included in the differential diagnosis.
Mechanisms of friction and wear reduction by nanosilver additives to base oil: Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental study
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Ningning , Wang Songquan , Chen Tianchi , Li Dahan , Wang Kaijun , Zhang Xiuheng
Published: August 2023

Although nanosilver particles are commonly used as oil lubrication additives, their mechanism for improving lubrication at the atomic scale remains unclear. This article explains how the performance of a pentaerythritol oleate lubrication system can be improved using silver nanoparticles through molecular dynamics simulation. Additionally, tribological tests were conducted using a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine. The relative concentrations and simulated shear conformation revealed that silver nanoparticles underwent deformation under shear stress and fractured at the interlayer slip. This resulted in the formation of a deposited film that spread over both the top and bottom Fe layers. We characterized the interaction between pentaerythritol oleate molecular chains and Fe layers by analyzing interfacial interaction energies, mean square displacements, and self-diffusion coefficients. Our findings indicate that the presence of silver nanoparticles improves both the adsorption of pentaerythritol oleate molecular chains onto the Fe layer and their diffusion behavior. The results of tribological tests indicate that adding silver nanoparticles significantly reduces friction coefficient and frictional wear across various lubrication conditions. The addition of silver nanoparticles at different loads and temperatures resulted in varying reductions in the coefficient of friction and wear. At a load of 20 N and a temperature of 298 K, the coefficient of friction decreased by 9%, and wear decreased by 31%. When the load was reduced to 2 N while maintaining a temperature of 298 K, the coefficient of friction decreased by 8% and wear decreased significantly by 84%. Finally, at a load of 20 N but with an increased temperature to 373 K, there was a larger reduction in the coefficient of friction (23%) compared to wear (50%). The film-formation mechanism of improved lubrication by silver nanoparticles was verified through tribological tests and simulations.
Beautytube: Enacting postfeminism on the YouTube multi-channel network ICON from 2015 to 2016
Authors: Weare Andrea MM
Published: August 2023

This production study utilizes postfeminist theory as a lens for seeing ‘beauty work’ on YouTube via the multi-channel network (MCN) ICON Network, a collaboration between the production company Endemol Shine and beauty YouTuber Michelle Phan. By bringing to focus the unique year of 2015–2016 when YouTube beauty production was largely produced within MCNs, the study sets the stage for the proceeding professionalization of YouTube content creation under legacy production and distribution companies in the 2020s. In-depth producer interviews with ICON management and YouTubers illuminated MCN business practices and producer perceptions of YouTube beauty production. Interview data was analyzed for its articulation within ICON as a postfeminist media culture (Gill, 2007) through (a) work conditions of beauty video production and (b) best practices of beauty video production. Results indicate that ICON is a site where the markers of feminism, postfeminism, and transnational feminism intersect and collide. These intersections contextualize today’s beauty influencing landscape which pushes for independence from MCNs, transparency, and authenticity.
The participatory politics and play of canceling an idol: Exploring how fans negotiate their fandom of a canceled ‘fave’
Authors: Driessen Simone
Published: August 2023

What happens if your favorite artist gets canceled? Can you remain a fan after such a controversy? This study explores how fans – those with a strong affective bond toward their fan object – negotiate their fannish position and practices after the cancellation of their idol. Fans are asked to re-evaluate their fandom, and potentially their participation in it: a political turning point in their fannish career. To better understand this phenomenon, this study examines the fandom of the canceled Dutch singer and The Voice coach Marco Borsato. Doing so, it highlights how fans negotiate, give meaning to and understand the cancellation of their ‘problematic fave’ by drawing on an interview study with twelve Dutch fans of Marco Borsato complemented with an analysis of online fan comments. A thematic analysis of this data shows the complexity of being a fan of a canceled artist. Further, it reveals how fans navigate the everyday political and cultural consequences of being a(n ex-)fan in this situation. Findings illustrate how some fans steadfastly commit to their fandom and dismiss the allegations, while others are more careful in publicly expressing their affection and wish to first learn more about the situation. They feel conflicted about the situation and turn their fandom into something more /private. Based on these findings, this article unfolds what motivates some to step away from this cancel case and Borsato, while others defend him at all costs. Through this lens, we can argue that this might resonate with and help us better understand for example polarized views in society at large. So, seemingly innocent fannish play offers a first look and step toward an understanding of how such processes play out on a macro-level.
Understanding contradictory styles of policing
Authors: Tamayo Arboleda Fernando León , Valverde Mariana
Published: August 2023

Policing scholars have shown that logics of police governance that appear mutually exclusive can coexist in the same space and time. Within police institutions, we can find more military-like mindsets alongside democratic rationalities. We here present a novel theoretical perspective for understanding such coexistence. Instead of attempting to identify police rationalities by reference to organizational/structural factors such as subcultures, training, or firearms and other equipment, we show that contradictory logics of policing can coexist within the same force by differentiating policing's targets by space, temporality, and identity. To do so, we use the idea of “chronotope” to identify and understand how police officers decide between conflicting rationalities of policing.
More like a woman: Activa/Pasiva subjectivities in Cuba
Authors: Browne Evie
Published: August 2023

This article explores the gender and sexuality of activa/pasiva women in Cuba. The construction of activa and pasiva is very similar to other masculine/feminine female relationships around the world, often referred to in English as ‘butch’ and ‘femme’. In 2017, I interviewed 33 self-identified lesbian and bisexual women and 23 policymakers, officials, cultural contributors, and activists, in the cities of Havana, Santa Clara, and Matanzas. The women I met enjoyed and found power in their masculine/feminine partnerships. However, in contrast to a view of Cuba as increasingly tolerant and progressive towards LGBT people, my case study analyses how other lesbian and bisexual women vilify activas and pasivas in order to elevate themselves through distance, as a route to social inclusion. It demonstrates how political and social tolerance for lesbian and bisexual women is a gendered discourse that relies on their correct performance of white, middle-class, feminine gender normativity. I explore how feminine lesbian presentation is attached in Cuba to ideas of whiteness, modernity, education, and progressiveness, while masculine presentation is denigrated as old-fashioned, patriarchal, and replicating heterosexist norms. I analyse this discourse, showing it to be embedded in racist and traditional ideas of femininity which themselves uphold the gender binary. In particular, I argue that masculine women are made into abject others, using homonormativity theory and the black politics of respectability to show how gender normativity underpins social and political tolerance for lesbian and bisexual women.
Reassessing Thatcher’s foreign policy: The Sino-British Declaration 1984
Authors: Wei Rong , Burnham Peter , Kerr Peter
Published: August 2023

This article presents a ‘primacy of domestic politics’ interpretation of the Thatcher government’s main objectives in the negotiations of the early 1980s, which secured the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997. In the immediate aftermath of the Falklands conflict, sovereignty issues were uppermost in public discourse and the government’s decision to cede sovereignty over Hong Kong seems inconsistent with other elements of Thatcher’s foreign policy. However, when placed in the context of domestic economic objectives it is clear that the liberalisation and deregulation agenda would be undermined by a lack of investor confidence in sterling overseas should business confidence be disrupted in Hong Kong with a potentially disastrous diversification out of sterling. The 1984 Joint Declaration secured special status for Hong Kong enshrining the independence of the currency and the Hong Kong banking system thereby averting a sterling crisis which would have had major implications for the City of London and Thatcher’s domestic policies.
Parliamentarians versus party members? Leadership selection systems in the British Conservative and Labour parties
Authors: Quinn Thomas
Published: August 2023

British parties have pioneered the use of ‘one-member, one-vote’ ballots to select their leaders. However, the elections of Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) and Liz Truss (Conservative) prompted calls to return leadership selection to parliamentarians. Critics claim that party members are non-centrist and liable to impose unsuitable leaders on MPs. This weakens the cohesion of parliamentary parties, undermining the functioning of Britain’s majoritarian democracy. This article assesses the major parties’ leader-selection systems. It goes beyond existing research by identifying and applying four evaluative criteria for selection institutions: legitimacy, parliamentary acceptability, leader-eviction and timeliness. It shows that most criticisms of one-member, one-vote are overstated because the latter is heavily mediated by ex-ante and/or ex-post parliamentary controls, for example, nomination thresholds and confidence votes. One-member, one-vote generally produces leaders acceptable to MPs; ‘unsuitable’ ones typically arise when the parliamentary controls fail. However, key institutional weaknesses are identified: legitimacy in the Conservatives’ system and leader-eviction in Labour’s.
Engaging Robo-advisors in Financial Advisory Services: The Role of Psychological Comfort and Client Psychological Characteristics
Authors: Roongruangsee Rawi , Patterson Paul
Published: August 2023

Robo-advisor is an artificial intelligence (AI) driven professional financial service that suggests financial portfolios and offers personalised investment recommendations to clients. Since the services are high in credence properties where financial results only become manifest over time and clients typically have difficulty assessing outcomes even after consumption, client psychological comfort is vital for service adoption. Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), information economic theory and the self-service technology (SST) literature, this study investigates a mediating role of psychological comfort, antecedents of psychological comfort and possible boundary conditions. Thailand (an emerging economy with sophisticated financial systems) was selected as our research context. Data were collected through a mixed method approach involving in-depth interviews with investors followed by a structured survey administered to 548 current and potential investors. The findings revealed clients’ key psychological characteristics (performance expectations, suspicion of human financial advisors) and boundary conditions that drive psychological comfort. Performance expectations and suspicion of human advisors are associated with psychological comfort, which subsequently fosters intentions to use and percentage of investment through robo-advisors. Client confidence in ability to search for financial information and need for human interaction have small but distinct moderating effects. This study extends the SST adoption and AI-enabled professional service literature. It reveals psychological comfort as a key mediator between client psychological characteristics and robo-advisors usage.
Algorithmic indifference: The dearth of news recommendations on TikTok
Authors: Hagar Nick , Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: August 2023

The role of recommendation systems in news consumption has been hotly contested. From one perspective, the combination of personalized recommendations and practically limitless content diminishes news consumption, as people turn to more entertaining fare. From another, algorithmic systems and social networks heighten incidental exposure, raising opportunities for news consumption regardless of explicit individual interest. In this work, we examine the potential for algorithmic exposure to news on TikTok, a massively popular social network built around short-form video. In the context of US-based news audiences, we examine the accounts TikTok recommends, the videos it shows new users, and its trending hashtags. We find almost no evidence of proactive news exposure on TikTok’s behalf. We also find that, while TikTok’s algorithms respond slightly to active signals of news interest from simulated users, that response does not lead to increased exposure to credible news content. These findings highlight a lack of algorithmic news distribution on TikTok.
Impact of fuel surrogate formulation on the prediction of knock statistics in a single cylinder GDI engine
Authors: Fontanesi Stefano , Shamsudheen Fabiyan Angikath , Gonzalez Edwing Grajales , Sarathy S Mani , Berni Fabio , d’Adamo Alessandro , Borghi Massimo , Breda Sebastiano
Published: August 2023

The statistical tendency of an optically accessible single-cylinder direct-injection spark-ignition engine to undergo borderline/medium knocking combustion is investigated using 3D-CFD. Focus is made on the role of fuel surrogate formulation for the characterization of anti-knock quality and flame speed of the actual fuel. An in-house methodology is used to design surrogates able to emulate laminar flame speed and autoignition delay times of the injected fuel. Two different surrogates, characterized by increasing level of complexity, are compared. The most complex one (six components) improves the representation of the real fuel, highlighting the crucial role of accurate fuel kinetics to predict flame propagation and unburnt mixture reactivity. A devoted chemical mechanism including the oxidation pathways for all the species in the surrogate is also purposely developed for the current analysis. Knock is investigated using a proprietary statistical knock model (GruMo-UNIMORE Statistical Knock Model, GK-PDF), which can infer the probability of knocking events within a RANS formalism. Predicted statistical distributions are compared to measured counterparts. The proposed numerical/experimental comparison demonstrates the possibility to efficiently integrate complex-chemistry driven information in 3D-CFD combustion simulations without online solving chemical reactions: a combination of laminar flame speed correlations, ignition delay look-up tables, and a statistics-based knock model is adopted to estimate the percentage of knocking cycles in a GDI engine while limiting the computational cost of the simulations.
Family literacies as peacemaking: Representations in Children’s literature
Authors: Rogers Rebecca , Calle-Díaz Luzkarime , Vasser-Elong Jason
Published: August 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the discursive contours of peacemaking within families as represented in children’s literature. We turned to the Jane Addams Children’s Book Award (JACBA), which recognizes literature that engages children in thinking about peace and social justice. We analyzed the 2015-2021 collection of twenty-six award winning books for younger children. We found at least ten pathways of peacemaking that families engage in through their multimodal literacy practices. Drawing on family-centric peacemaking episodes, we present analytically rich portraits of how peacemaking unfolds at textual, ideational, and interpersonal levels across time, space, and generations. We argue this analysis provides us insight into the historical, political, and social realities that inform students and families’ lives in early childhood literacy classrooms.
Eating the money: Diabetes and the embodiment of consumer culture
Authors: Schmidt Michelle
Published: August 2023

My research explores the relationship between metabolic health and the rise of capitalist food and labor systems, through interviews and long-term ethnographic research with Maya peoples of southern Belize. As work has been replaced with wage labor and farm foods with store-bought alternatives, diabetes has begun to affect Indigenous communities in Southern Belize. “Eating the money” earned by paid labor through consumption of commodity foods and accumulation of resources is seen to produce inequality and nutritional disease. The co-occurrence of diabetes with economic success represents the emergent and contradictory risks posed by integration into consumer capitalist economies. Concern over nutritional diseases like diabetes has led to reflexive critique of the deleterious health effects of modern food and labor relationships. Research participants’ narratives emphasize the nutritional consequences of consumer culture as well as the challenges of balancing health and economic concerns in a rapidly changing world. By engaging Maya paradigms of health as embodiment with social scientific literature on political ecology and cultural studies of food systems, this article reveals that diabetes is endemic to the commodification of food and work. These findings demonstrate the integral role of commodification and consumption-oriented cultural practices to the global rise of nutrition-related diseases.
Collaborative learning as constructivist practice: An exploratory qualitative descriptive study of faculty approaches to student group work
Authors: Taggart Jessica , Wheeler Lindsay B.
Published: August 2023

Collaborative learning is a common teaching technique, posited to align with a constructivist approach to teaching and learning. This qualitative descriptive study explores how, if at all, faculty implementation and discussion of collaborative learning shows evidence of it as a constructivist practice. Nineteen faculty at a large public mid-Atlantic university in the United States, representing a variety of academic disciplines, were interviewed about the ways in which they use collaborative learning in their courses. Driscoll’s five constructivist conditions for learning guided qualitative analysis: complex and relevant learning environments, social negotiation, multiple perspectives and modes of learning, ownership in learning, and self-awareness of knowledge construction. Faculty descriptions of collaborative learning provided a rich picture of its use and revealed ample alignment with these conditions. Faculty most often highlighted the ways in which collaborative learning supported the creation of complex and relevant learning environments and allowed for students’ ownership in learning. They least often discussed the ways in which collaborative learning supported self-awareness of knowledge construction and occasionally expressed challenges with social negotiation.
Source location and anomaly detection for damage identification of buried pipelines using kurtosis-based transfer function
Authors: Lee Sun-Ho , Park Choon-Su , Yoon Dong-Jin
Published: August 2023

The failure of buried pipelines can lead to serious consequences such as explosions, environmental pollution, settlement, as well as economic loss. To prevent these outcomes, it is crucial to identify the causes of failure and monitor their signs. One of the main causes of failure is unexpected third-party interference (TPI), which is particularly challenging to detect. Regarding to this issue, this study proposes a new algorithm for monitoring impact damage, which can be used for prompt response and damage prevention. The algorithm is integrated into the system using two approaches. The first approach focuses on detecting the location of the damage (referred to as source location). A kurtosis-based transfer function was newly proposed to selecting the optimal frequency band for time-difference-of-arrival based source location, resulting in accurate pinpointing of damage, even in a noisy environment. The second approach is used to determine whether impact damage has actually occurred by observing newly suggested features in both the time and frequency domains (referred to as anomaly detection). These features evaluate the presence of damage and the similarity between signals. As a result, it was evaluated that the field applicability was higher than that of conventional methods, and the superiority of the proposed method was also verified through field experiments. The method proposed in this study is expected to enable immediate response when the integrity of the buried pipelines is on the line of failure due to TPI.
Child-Reported Family Violence: A Systematic Review of Available Instruments
Authors: Booth Anna T. , Cloud Zoe C. G. , Vuong An , Von Doussa Henry , Ralfs Claire , McIntosh Jennifer E.
Published: August 2023

The impact of family violence (FV) on children is a significant global public policy issue. Earliest identification of FV among children is critical for preventing escalating sequelae. While practitioners routinely ask adults about FV, there are relatively few measures that enable children to reliably self-report on their own safety. This review sought to systematically identify and appraise all available child self-report measures for screening and assessment of FV in both clinical and research settings. Database searching was conducted in January 2022. Articles were eligible for review if they included a validated child (5–18 years) self-report measure of FV (including victimization, perpetration, and/or exposure to inter-parental violence). Screening of an initial 4,714 records identified a total of 85 articles, representing 32 unique validated instruments. Results provide an up-to-date catalog of child self-report measures of FV, intended to benefit practitioners, services and researchers in selecting appropriate tools, and in understanding their suitability and limitations for different cohorts and practice goals. While just under half of the measures captured both exposure to inter-parental violence and direct victimization, none captured all three domains of exposure, victimization and perpetration together. Instruments with provision for input from multiple respondents (e.g., both child and parent report) and with assessment of contextual risk factors were few. Findings point to the need for developmentally appropriate, whole-of-family screening and assessment frameworks to support children in the early identification of family safety concerns.
Bystander Intervention in Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review of Experiences and Outcomes
Authors: Kuskoff Ella , Parsell Cameron
Published: August 2023

Governments across the globe are increasingly implementing policies that encourage bystanders to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) by intervening in violent or potentially violent situations. While a wealth of research examines the most effective mechanisms for increasing potential bystanders’ feelings of self-efficacy and rates of intervention, there is significantly less evidence demonstrating how effective bystander intervention is at preventing or interrupting IPV. This article thus presents a scoping review of the literature examining the experiences and outcomes of bystander intervention in IPV. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, six databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2001 and 2021. A total of 13 articles were ultimately included in the review. The review highlights that although current knowledge on the topic is highly limited, the combined findings of the studies indicate that immediate responses to bystander intervention are heavily context dependent: victims (and perpetrators) tend to react differently to bystander intervention depending on the type of intervention, the type of violence being used, and their relationship to the bystander. However, we have little to no understanding of the outcomes of bystander intervention, or how these outcomes might vary across different contexts. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of the immediate and long-term implications of bystander intervention across different contexts is crucial if we are to maximize the effectiveness and minimize the potential for harm resulting from bystander interventions in IPV.
Substance Use and Mental Health Screening Within an Emergency Department-Based HIV Screening Program: Outcomes From 1 Year of Implementation
Authors: Brown Jennifer L. , Gause Nicole K. , Braun Robert , Punches Brittany , Spatholt David , Twitty T. Dylanne , Sprunger Joel G. , Lyons Michael S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The emergency department (ED) may be an optimal setting to screen for substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (CODs). We report on the frequency of problematic substance use and comorbid elevated mental health symptoms detected during a 1-year implementation period of an ED-based SUD/COD screening approach within an established ED HIV screening program.

Methods

Patients (N = 1,924) were approached by dedicated HIV screening staff in an urban, Midwestern ED. Patients first completed measures assessing problematic alcohol (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise [AUDIT-C]) and substance use across 10 categories of substances (National Institute on Drug Abuse–Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test [NIDA-Modified ASSIST]). Patients with positive alcohol and/or substance use screens completed measures assessing symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist-Civilian [PCL-C]).

Results

Patients were predominantly male (60.3%) with a mean age of 38.1 years (SD = 13.0); most identified as White (50.8%) or Black (44.8%). A majority (58.5%) had a positive screen for problematic alcohol and/or other substance use. Of those with a positive substance use screen (n = 1,126), 47.0% had a positive screen on one or more of the mental health measures with 32.1% endorsing elevated depressive symptoms, 29.6% endorsing elevated PTSD-related symptoms, and 28.5% endorsing elevated anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

Among those receiving ED HIV screening, a majority endorsed problematic alcohol and/or other substance use and co-occurring elevated mental health symptoms. Substance use and mental health screening programs that can be integrated within other ED preventive services may enhance the identification of individuals in need of further assessment, referral, or linkage to substance use treatment services.
Qualitative Assessment of Key Implementation Factors in a Faith-Based Response to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Debinski Beata , Bittle Mark , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Jones Vanya , Gielen Andrea Carlson
Published: August 2023

Background

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have a scant history in the literature of implementing intimate partner violence (IPV) initiatives, though many members of faith communities consider it an important issue. Furthermore, the limited studies on this topic have not explored organizational factors that are important in the implementation of such efforts.

Purpose

To investigate factors that influence the implementation of IPV prevention and response by one Catholic organization at both diocesan and parish levels.

Methods

We conducted sixteen semi-structured interviews with members of Archdiocese of Chicago Domestic Violence Outreach (ACDVO) leadership. Using deductive content analysis, we drew on all 14 constructs and sub-constructs from the inner setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for coding transcripts and characterizing factors influencing implementation success.

Results

Seven CFIR constructs were useful in identifying factors that influenced implementation success of ACDVO. At the diocesan level, the organization’s leadership structure, their driven culture, and in-kind available resources propelled their work. At the level of parish ministries, successful implementation was facilitated by networking and communication among parishes. At the diocesan-level, access to knowledge and information through ACDVO’s Parish Support Committee, compatibility with parish values, leadership engagement, and available resources from parishes supported implementation.

Conclusions

We identified modifiable and reproducible inner setting factors that influence implementation of a Catholic IPV initiative at the diocesan-level and support parish ministries in their local activities. Future work should validate these findings in other dioceses and examine non-Catholic FBO settings.
Safety and Efficacy of Inner Branched Stent-Graft in the Treatment of Aortic Arch Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwan Kristine J. S. , Li Hai-Lei , Chan Yiu Che , Cheng Stephen W. K.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To provide a descriptive overview on the contemporary outcomes of thoracic endovascular arch repair with inner branched endoprosthesis (bTEVAR) for the treatment of aortic arch pathologies.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Pre-defined search terms were used to interrogate PubMed and OVID Medline databases from January 1999 to July 2022. Patient characteristics, indication for treatment, procedural data, mortality rates, postoperative complications, and reintervention rate during follow-up were evaluated.

Results:

Nineteen articles were included, encompassing a total of 618 patients who received bTEVAR, most of which were double-branched (63.9%, n=395). The main indication for treatment was aneurysm secondary to chronic aortic dissection (38.8%, n=240/618) with a mean maximum diameter of 58.3±11.4 mm. Pooled mean technical success rate was 97.4±4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]=95.1%–99.5%); 2 and 3 patients required conversion to chimney technique and open repair, respectively. Among the pooled rates of early complications, postoperative stroke was the highest (10.5%; 95% CI=6.8%–14.3%). Thirty-day and in-hospital mortality rate was 5.5% (95% CI=2.6%–9.7%). Forty patients (6.5%; 95% CI=2.5%–9.5%) required early reintervention. During a mean follow-up of 20.7±13.5 months, the mortality rate was 18.2% (n=108/593; 95% CI=8.6%–20.6%) where 12 (11.1%) were aortic-related. Pooled late reintervention rate was 9.6% (95% CI=4.8%–14.3%). Comparison of demographics and outcomes found no significant difference between single and double bTEVAR.

Conclusion:

Branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair is a promising approach for aortic arch pathologies with a high technical success rate despite a steep learning curve. However, contemporary outcomes reflect that postoperative stroke remains the predominant concern. Further experience and long-term follow-up are required to sufficiently elucidate the safety and durability of bTEVAR in the management of aortic pathologies for high-risk patients.

Clinical Impact

This systematic review summarized the contemporary outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair with different inner branched stent-grafts for the management of aortic arch pathologies. Pooled results from nineteen studies with 618 patients demonstrated a high technical success rate and an acceptable mortality rate. However, postoperative stroke remains the major concern. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate its durability.
“There Was An Old Lady, She’s Dead”: Reflections on Britishness, Englishness, and What We Do Well
Authors: Douglas Kitrina
Published: August 2023

Disturbed and distanced by the media’s entrenched narrative that a funeral and pageantry is what we do well (in the United Kingdom), this performance uses the framing of the children’s rhyme, I know an old lady who swallowed a fly to interrogate social identities through aspects of culture that cements a vision of Britain that is archaic, hegemonic, elitist, and upholds a class system alongside lesser well-known values that tell a different story.
Cenobamate: Real-World Experience Matches Clinical Trials
Authors: Aungaroon Gewalin
Published: August 2023

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Review on characteristics of concrete reinforced with nylon fiber
Authors: Jahangir Qureshi Hisham , Ahmad Jawad , Aljabr Amer , Garcia-Troncoso Natividad
Published: August 2023

In tension, concrete is often weaker than in compression. To increased the tensile strength of concrete, fibers are added. Nylon fibers (NF) have shown promising results in previous research and tests since their presence has shown significant increases in concrete performance. The purpose of this research is to gather data from previous studies on NF-reinforced concrete (FRC). The key components of this review include concrete flowability, compressive strength, tensile strength, impact strength, rehabilitation, performance during irradiation, and fire resistance. In addition, the article examines the fracture behavior and failure patterns of nylon FRC. The results show that NF enhanced concrete performance, notably tensile capacity, owing to bridging mechanisms, but lowered concrete flow properties. However, the some researcher demonstrates that NF does not improved the compressive capacity significantly. Therefore, the study proposes more research to increase the compressive capacity of concrete by applying alternative treatments to NF or by employing secondary cementitious materials.
Does Scientific Evidence Support a Ban on Using the Word “Accident”?
Authors: Girasek Deborah C.
Published: August 2023

This report summarizes scientific literature relevant to the controversy regarding use of the word, “accident” in the injury prevention arena. The author has contributed to, and followed this issue for decades. She summarizes eleven studies conducted in seven countries, from 1979 to 2012. They found that a majority of respondents (Range: 56-89%) perceived injury-producing events to be preventable, despite the fact that the word “accident” was used in their assessments. Two studies interchanged the words “accident” and “injury,” but found that substitution yielded no difference in respondents’ perceptions of preventability. The author concludes that safety advocate concerns about the word “accident” are based more upon conviction than evidence. She raises potential harms that might be brought about by continuing this debate, and proposes an alternative communication effort that may have more potential to reduce the devastating toll of injuries in our world.
Comparative evaluation of isoflurane and desflurane for postoperative cognitive decline in elderly patients: A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Haritha Damarla , Sarkar Soumya , Maitra Souvik , Kashyap Seema , Verma Rohit , Satapathy Sujata , Kashyap Lokesh , Singh Akhil Kant , Singh Lata , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Anand Rahul Kumar , Kumar Shailendra , Khanna Puneet
Published: August 2023

Background:

Approximately 16%–62% of patients undergoing non cardiac surgeries develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction. We compared the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60–80 years who underwent open abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia using isoflurane or desflurane and correlated it with the serum concentration of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β and S100 on postoperative day 3.

Method:

Forty American Association of Anesthesiologists Physical Classification I or II patients were included after acquiring institutional ethics committee approval, registering in the Clinical Trials Registry – India, and informed written consent. They underwent open abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia and epidurals between 2017 and 2019. Patients with substance abuse or any disorder affecting cognition were excluded. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was assessed by Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail making test – B, Porteus Maze test, PGI memory scale, mini-mental state examination, and Bender Gestalt test the day before surgery and on the third postoperative day along with blood samples.

Results:

Thirty-seven percent of the patients developed postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The risk was similar to isoflurane in comparison with desflurane (risk ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.30, 1.40). A significant percentage increase in reaction time for Porteus Maze test and Trail making test – B was noted with isoflurane (6.69 (4.20–8.94) and 8.01 (2.08–12.5), respectively) in comparison with desflurane group (13.01 (9.09–17.33), p = 0.003 and 11.62 (7.5–17.5), p = 0.017, respectively).

Conclusion:

Isoflurane and desflurane had a similar impact on the elderly for developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction and no correlation with any of the biomarkers used in the study on postoperative day 3.