bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between body mass index and pronation response of the foot in healthy young individuals
Authors: Taşkın Şenol Gamze , Kürtül İbrahim , Ray Abdullah , Ahmetoğlu Gülçin
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and navicular drop in healthy young individuals by considering gender differences. In addition, it is to support the literature for a better understanding of the effect of the foot on the balance mechanisms and to contribute to the development of new approaches in addition to the existing treatment approaches.Methods: A hundred medical school students between the ages of 18-25 were included in our study. The participants’ age, height, and weight information were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The navicular drop test was performed to measure the pronation response of the foot.Results: The mean±SD values of the determined parameters in men and women were as follows respectively: Age: 20 and 20; Height (cm): 179±12.7 and 163±0.05, Weight (kg): 78.8±5.3 and 54.5; BMI (kg/m2): 24.4±3.5 and 20.2, right navicular tubercle height in a sitting position (SNTR): 43.7±4.8 and 38.7±5.1; right navicular tubercle height in a standing position (StNTR): 36.4±4.2 and 24.9±4.8; the navicular drop rate of the right foot (NDRR): 7.2±4.2 and 7.2±5.3; left navicular tubercle height in a sitting position (SNTL): 37.2±3.5 and 32.3±5.3; left navicular tubercle height in a standing position (StNTL): 30±4.7 and 31.5±5.2; the navicular drop rate of the left foot (NDRL): 7.2±4.7 and 7.4±4.6.Conclusion: As a result of our study, it is seen that an insignificant change in the rate of navicular drop as the body mass index increases in men and women.
Assessing The Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonology Disease Patient
Authors: Saleem Rabbeya , Saddique Humaira , Ullah Kalim
Published: June 2023

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is a complex condition. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonology disease patient. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study design was used to assess the prevalence of dental caries among COPD. The population was COPD patients. The population is targeted through purposive sampling technique. The tool which was used to assess the prevalence of dental caries among COPD patients was modified, translated and adopted. Results: The study results shows that Participants with the age group 30-40 years were 63(36.8%), and with the age group 51-60 were 59(34.5%) majority were male 118(69.0%) and have a history of tooth extraction 100(58.5%), similarly majority have dental crown 125(73.1%) and have Periodontitis which were 103(60.2%). Conclusions: The study results showed that to focus on the oral care of the COPD patients because it led toward the further complications and help in the progression of the disease. We have to educate the patient regarding their oral care to prevent complications and dental caries
Assessment of Basic Life Support Knowledge among Dental Surgeons: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sohail Raja Zainab , Fazal Mohsin , Farah Mehmood  , Farooq Mariya , Hussain Syeda Ayesha Absar , Nadeem Iqra
Published: June 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge and aptitude of dental surgeons regarding Basic life support in case of medical emergencies. Objective: To evaluate knowledge of BLS among dental surgeons and to see if they have adequate training to tackle medical emergencies on a dental chair. Methods: A structured pre validated questionnaire based study was conducted among dentists working in teaching hospitals of Islamabad. Participants were asked to fill in a Performa which consisted of 17 questions.  A score of 1 was given in case of correct answer and 0 in case of incorrect response to all the participants. The data analysis was done using SPSS (23.0) and ANOVA test applied to the variables. Results: Age and Years of experience showed considerable difference of the knowledge with a p value of <0.05.The highest score recorded was only 14 by only 1 of the participants (0.3%). 68 out of 370 participants (almost 18.4%) scored 7 out of 17. The most correct question with 65% of positive rate was management of patient undergoing syncope on a dental chair. Out of all the 370 participants, less than 50% knowledge in 290 participants and greater than 50% knowledge was found in only 80 participants. Conclusions:  This study showed limited knowledge of BLS amid practicing dental surgeons henceforth the dire need for continuous training on BLS.
Medication Competence: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Raja . , Ullah Saif , Khan Ameer Ullah , Kumar Jeevat , Ali Sajid
Published: June 2023

Concept analysis means clarifying the meaning of concepts for diverse reasons. Concepts are the fundamental building blocks of theory construction. Hence, it is crucial to have solid and reliable notions. Therefore, concept analysis is a good starting point for learning how to think logically in relation to terms, definitions, and uses in theory development. Hence, the purpose of the paper is to perform a detailed concept analysis on medication competence in the context of nursing. Also, to develop a precise description of the concept for use in research and to enhance its usage and communication in healthcare. For this paper, the Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was used to create a thorough knowledge of the phenomenon of nurse medication competency. The literature review was performed from different electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central and PakMediNet. For the literature search, keywords were used: medication competence, medication management, medication skills, medication safety, nurses, and student nurses. Results: defining attributes were found: knowledge, skills, and attitude. Antecedents for medication competence are proper training, work experience, motivation, critical thinking, pharmacovigilant, proper dose formulation, and self-confidence. Consequences for medication competence were highlighted as the accuracy of medication calculation skills, prevention of medication errors, and improved patient outcomes by maintaining patient safety practices. Additionally, nurses can use medication competence to build interprofessional collaboration, communication, leadership, and delegation skills. Additionally, it is believed that this analysis would provide insight to the nurses and other healthcare personnel as a strong foundation for clinical practice research, and theory development.
Nurses Knowledge regarding Permanent Pacemaker Care for Adult Patients with Cardiac Rhythm Disorder
Authors: Aimen Umm E , Mansoor Summaiya , Rafique Nasim , Ali Amjad , Nazir Iqra , Fatima Rija , Waris Shagufta , Kosar Lubna
Published: June 2023

Now a day, number of implantations increases day by day. It's crucial to evaluate the understanding of patients and their caretakers to prevent any issues or malfunctions and offer quick treatment. Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge regarding permanent pacemaker care for adult patients with cardiac rhythm disorder. Methods: Descriptive Cross-sectional study conducted in Punjab institute of cardiology. A total of 185 the nurses working on the clinical side were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The questionnaire was used to collect data analyzed using SPSS with statistical test chi-square with p < 0.05 for categorical variable. Results: According to this study, most of the participants (77.3%) were women aged 21 to 30 years, unmarried (57.3%), and had completed their diploma (50.8%). The study found that 66.5% of nurses were with satisfactory level of knowledge in nursing care for adult patients with pacemakers, while 33.5% had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge. The knowledge of nurses who held a BSN or a POST RN qualification was significantly higher than those who only held a diploma with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusions: Majority of the participants possessed satisfactory knowledge regarding the care of patients with permanent pacemakers. The study also revealed a significant association between the level of education of nurses and their knowledge scores. The study concludes that consistency in the provision of education is necessary for the enhancement of nurses' knowledge, expertise, and competencies in providing care to patients with permanent pacemakers
Awareness of Pakistani Pregnant Women Regarding Danger Signs of Pregnancy
Authors: Bibi Afsha , Khan Rasheed Ahmad , Illahi Noor , Ahmad Ashfaq , Siani Mai
Published: June 2023

The early warning signs of pregnancy suggest that a woman may be dealing with a problem that could endanger her and her unborn child's health. If these warning symptoms are not addressed immediately, the consequences could be severe and even fatal. Objective: To assess Pakistani pregnant women's awareness regarding the danger signs of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi among 114 pregnant women from September to December 2022. Participants were recruited through the purposive sample method. Results: According to the study results, 18% of the participants had a low level of awareness, 62% had a moderate, and 20% had a high level of awareness regarding danger signs of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study concluded that most participants had moderate awareness regarding the danger signs of pregnancy. Moreover, there is a need for continued efforts to educate pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy to improve their understanding.
Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors among Faculty Members of Academic Institute
Authors: Ayaz Jahanara , Ghaffar Tamjeed , Iqbal Amna , Arshad Saman , Aroofa Hafiza , Nasir Maham , Khalid Amna
Published: June 2023

Musculoskeletal disorders in adult population have been a rapidly expanding issue. It has been determined that teachers in educational institutions are one profession that is susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. Even while MSDs among occupational groups have been extensively researched in other nations, Pakistan currently lacks solid information on this health issue, notably in the teaching profession. Work-related MSDs may result from the demands of this work, which involve daily, continuous stress on the body's muscular systems over the course of at least a year. So, this study is to identify papers that looked into instructor complaints of pain in lower back, shoulder and neck and other body areas. In this way, the objective of this review is likely to explore the works fundamentally and account on the incidence of MSDs as well as the risk factors relating to the job of educator. Any felt pain or discomfort from the nine body regions neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, elbows, wrists/hands, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet lasting for more than one day over the course of the previous 12 months was defined as the prevalence of MSDs which is growing rapidly all around the world
FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF COCONUT FARMERS IN BIREUEN REGENCY
Authors: Baihaqi Akhmad , Ramadhani Muhammad , Bagio Bagio , Marsudi Edy
Published: June 2023

Bireuen Regency is one of the areas in Aceh Province which has a superior commodity to be cultivated compared to other commodities such as coconut. The existence of consumptive behavior of coconut farmers is caused by a person's lack of understanding of how to manage finances in a good and right way. For this reason, a deep understanding of farmer behavior in managing their finances, as well as their interest in being involved in formal financial institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine education, financial knowledge, income, financial attitudes and use of financial institutions influence the financial management behavior of coconut farmers in Bireuen District. The sampling method used the slovin method and the sample for this study was 100 coconut farmers in South Peusangan District, Juli and Jeumpa determined the research area by purposive sampling. The analytical method used is ordinal logistic regression analysis with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. The results of the study concluded that the financial behavior of coconut farmers which showed the variables of education, financial knowledge, income, financial attitudes and use of financial institutions had a significance <0.05 on the management behavior of coconut farmers in Bireuen Regency. In the education variable of coconut farmers belonging to the high school (SMA) level of education, the financial knowledge variable explains that coconut farmers have fairly good financial knowledge,
EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL ON THE GROWTH OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Sudarniati Genaly Tuti , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Sari Rahayu Murni
Published: June 2023

Low potato production in Indonesia is caused by poor seed quality and low availability of potato seeds. One of the efforts to produce superior and quality potato seeds is to apply growth regulators (ZPT) because they can produce a lot of potato seeds, but plant growth becomes depressed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of paclobutrazol concentration and application time on the growth of potato G2 (Solanum tuberosum L.). This research was carried outon UPT land. BIH Kutagadung Berastagi, which lasted for four months, from November 2020 to March 2021. The design used in this study was a Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor is the concentration of the hormone Paclobutrazol (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = Control; P1 = 200 ppm; P2 = 400 ppm; P3 = 600 ppm. The second factor was the application time of Paclobutrazol (W) which consisted of 3 levels, namely: W1 = 20 days after planting; W2 = 30 days after planting; W3 = 40 days after planting.The research results show thattreatment of paclobutrazol concentration had no significant effect on the number of leaves and stem diameter, but had a very significant effect on plant height,The time of application of paclobutrazol had no significant effect only on the number of leaves,but have a real effect onplant height, stem diameter,The interaction between concentration and application time of paclobutrazol had no significant effect on leaf number and plant height, but had a very significant effect on stem diameter..
CONSTRAINTS AND ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PARTNERSHIPS IN APPLICATION RICE FIELD RICE CULTIVATION INNOVATIONS TO REALIZE FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Setia Budi  , Eva Wardah
Published: June 2023

Research in the long term aims to produce a partnership model in the application of lowland rice cultivation innovations to increase rice production to realize food security in the region in Aceh Province. In particular, this study aims to (1) identify and analyze the constraints in increasing rice production in Pidie Jaya Regency, (2) identify and analyze the role of agricultural extension partners in implementing innovations in lowland rice cultivation in Pidie Jaya Regency. This research is an action research on the application of innovation combined with a survey method which was carried out to see the pattern of partnerships in the application of innovation in lowland rice cultivation to realize food security in Pidie Jaya Regency. The location of this research was conducted intentionally in Pidie Jaya Regency. Focus Group Discussion) with stakeholders aboutthe potential role of each party in the partnership pattern. The results of the study showinnovations applied to lowland rice cultivation for food security include; superior seed innovation, land management, cropping system with agricultural mechanization, jajar legowo planting pattern, biological pest control (Rubuha), balanced fertilization and harvest implementation using agricultural mechanization. (1) constraint indicatorsthe availability of fertilizers (very constrained), pest and disease attacks, and the availability of extension workers, and the availability of agricultural tools and machinery (constrained) as well as garden patterns that are not simultaneously, the availability of irrigation water, and the low use of superior seeds are in the less constrained category. (2) farmers perceive the role of partners in implementing innovations in rice field cultivationlocal governments and farmers' institutions have played a role, while universities and the private sector/entrepreneurs are in the category of having quite a role.
COMPARATIVE INCOME ANALYSIS OF WAGE SYSTEM EMPING CRAFTSMAN WITH INDEPENDENT BUSINESS IN PEUKAN BARO SUB-DISTRICT, PIDIE REGENCY
Authors: Hamdani  , Safrika  , Julia  , Bagio
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the comparison of wage system emping craftsmen's income with independent businesses in Peukan Baro District, Pidie Regency. This research was conducted in Peukan Baro District, Pidie Regency, from March to May 2022. Most of the Pidie people use melinjo chips as a business, especially Peukan Baro District. All empng melinjo craftsmen are housewives who work to help the family's economy. Based on the criteria, emping craftsmen are divided into two systems, namely the wage system and the independent business system. From the two business systems, the problem is the comparison of the average income of emping craftsmen with the wage system and independent businesses. The samples of this study were 40 respondents using the wage system for chips craftsmen and 40 respondents using the self-employment system. The method in this study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis. Acceptance of emping craftsmen with a wage system of Rp. 318,500/week with a total production cost of Rp. 19,137/week. In the independent business system, the acceptance of chips craftsmen is Rp. 679,350/week and a production cost of Rp. 491,487/week. The results of the study show that there is a difference in the average income of wage system emping craftsmen and independent businesses. This can be seen from the results of the wage system emping craftsmen's income, which is Rp. 299,363/week, while in the independent business system the income is Rp. 187,863/week. It can be concluded that the income of emping craftsmen using the wage system is more profitable than the independent business system in Peukan Baro District, Pidie Regency. To see a significant difference, a table test was performed using SPSS V.21. Based on the results of the independent sample test output table test, it is known that there is a difference in the average income of wage system emping craftsmen with independent businesses seen from the Sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.00. This means that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) smaller than 0.05. This means that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) smaller than 0.05. This means that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) smaller than 0.05.
GROWTH OF RUBBER PLANT (Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg) ON THE USE OF MATERIALS THAT CAN IMPROVE SOIL FERTILITY
Authors: Mahyuddin Dalimunthe  , Syamsafitri  , Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe  , Indra Gunawan  , Nurhayati
Published: June 2023

This research was carried out at the PTPN III Sarang Giting plantation, Afdeling II, which is located in Sarang Giting Village, Dolok Masihul District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. Venue Altitude 30m above sea level (asl) and flat land topography.    The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stem circumference and production of rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) on ​​potassium (KCl) combined with agricultural lime (CaCO3) and magnesium (MgSO4) and their effect on the dynamics of soil K levels. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 (three) factors studied, namely the agricultural lime application factor (C), which consisted of C0 = control and C1 = 1500g/tree/year. The second treatment factor was giving magnesium (M) which consisted of M0 = control, M1 = 1500g/tree/year, M2 = 3000g/tree/year, and M3 = 4500g/tree/year. The third treatment factor was the provision of potassium (K) consisting of K0 = control, K1 = 500g/tree/year, K2 = 1000g/tree/year, and K3 = 1500g/tree/year. The results showed that the administration of potassium combined with the application of agricultural lime and magnesium had a significant effect on the growth parameters of stem circumference. Potassium application combined with agricultural lime and kiserite also had a significant effect on the dynamics of K levels in the soil. However, it did not significantly affect the production of liquid latex
THE PRACTICE OF BUYING AND SELLING FOOD THROUGH THE JUANGJEK APPLICATION IN BIREUEN CITY VIEWED FROM AN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ichsan
Published: June 2023

This study aims to find out how the practice of buying and selling food through the JuangJek Application in Bireuen City is viewed from an Islamic economic perspective. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method where the legal basis used to find out the practice of buying and selling food through the JuangJek Application is based on the istishna contract. The data source used in the primary data. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques where then the data will be analyzed using data collection techniques, data reduction, and data presentation. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, the results are obtained that the practice of buying and selling food through the JuangJek Application in the istishna contract is appropriate and considered legal. This is because there are three aspects used, namely the payment aspect, the terms of the goods, and the agreement. Where these three aspects have met and are in accordance with the provisions of DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 6 of 2000.
THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL EFFICIENCY ON BPRS PROFITABILITY IN ACEH
Authors: Syawal harianto  , Haris Al Amin  , Abdul Halim
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the use of working capital on profitability (ROA) at Islamic People's Financing Banks (BPRS) in Aceh by using secondary data in the form of panel data. The results of the analysis show that simultaneously, cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover, and working capital turnover have a significant effect on ROA. Partially, cash turnover and accounts receivable turnover do not have a significant negative effect on ROA, while working capital turnover has a significant positive effect on ROA. The effect of the three variables on ROA is 44.78%, while the remaining 55.22% is explained by other factors not included in this study. All classical assumptions have been fulfilled and the analytical method used is panel data regression with the Common Effects model.
HOLISTIC EFFECT OF UNDERSTANDING OF MUDHARABAH FINANCING ACAD AND FINANCIAL REPORTING ASPECT ON INTEREST IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE SHARIA ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Authors: Khairil Fata  , Nursyidah
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of a holistic understanding of mudharabah financing contracts and aspects of financial statements on entrepreneurial interest in the context of Islamic economics, especially in MSME actors. This research was conducted in the city of Lhokseumawe and used a quantitative descriptive approach involving 62 respondents who were MSMEs receiving assistance and entrepreneurship coaching. The data collection method involved the use of questionnaires, interviews, and literature study. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, as well as the F test (simultaneous) and t test (partial). The results showed that only the variable understanding of financial statements (X2) had a significant influence on entrepreneurial interest. This can be seen from the results of multiple linear regression tests which show a significant value of (0.00) or less than the significance level (0.05), which indicates that understanding of financial statements has a positive effect on entrepreneurial interest. Meanwhile, understanding of the mudharabah financing contract (X1) has no significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship. This can be seen from the results of multiple linear regression testing which shows a significant value of the X1 variable of (0.524) or greater than the significance level (0.05), which indicates that understanding of mudharabah financing agreements does not significantly affect interest in entrepreneurship. This finding contribute to further understanding of the factors that influence the interest in entrepreneurship in the context of Islamic economics, and its implications for the development of SMEs. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for increasing holistic understanding of MSME actors, especially in mudharabah financing contracts and financial reports, as an effort to strengthen entrepreneurial interest in strengthening the Islamic economy.
BAUSUNG DALAM PENGANTIN MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nurdiandi M. Fikri
Published: June 2023

The author's research is to discover the customs and traditions of the Banjari people in the wedding procession. Customs and traditions related to wedding processions have been practiced by the indigenous Banjars since ancient times from the ancestors of the Banjar tribe. The procession before the Walimahan wedding has a sequence that must be carried out by the bride and groom, starting from Basasuluh, Batatakunan, Badang, Maantar Patalian, Maantar and so on until reaching the Walimatul Ursy stage. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the banjar traditional wedding ceremony tradition in the Banjar community, knowing the importance of wedding traditions in banjar traditional wedding ceremonies. Some traditional scholars and scholars about the tradition of marriage in traditional weddings in Banjar. This research is a field research with an empirical legal approach to qualitative research methods. The data type and source are primary data and secondary data. Observations and interviews are used as data collection instruments. The result of this study is that, first, the implementation of the Bausung tradition has an implied meaning, namely respect for ancestors, maintaining culture and avoiding all unwanted things. Second, the banjar customary marriage process is allowed in terms of Islamic law, it's just that it needs to be restructured to be in accordance with Islamic law, namely. It is believed (aqidah) and also there should be a change of the person who wears it for women, it must be mahram.
Risk Based Internal Auditing and Implementation on Organization
Authors: Ng Judson , Juwenni Juwenni , Chandrawati Meliesa
Published: June 2023

In recent years, risk-based internal audit has become increasingly important because it is considered an effective method to be applied in a business environment where risks are always changing. The purpose of this study is that the authors want to describe the process and stages of risk-based internal audit and the implementation of risk-based internal audit in organizations. Therefore, the method used by the authors to collect data is a qualitative method. Qualitative method is research that focuses on the use of descriptive data from the results of secondary data observations. Secondary data is information that already exists from before and is a collection of data by researchers to complete data needs for research. In this study, risk-based internal audit is a way of thinking from internal audit, which in this study tries to explain the most important stages of the study process.
Review of Marine Pollution in Oil Spill Cases in terms of International Environmental Law
Authors: Gymnastiar Ramdhani Damar
Published: June 2023

This paper will focus on one of the cases related to pollution caused by the disposal of oil spills into the sea, a case study of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. In that matter, this paper can ''provide the stage'' for several relevant cases related to MARPOL 73/78 to build a discourse on environmental protection at sea based on the perspective of international environmental law. The writing of this paper uses a normative juridical legal research method. Judging from this Exxon Valdez case study, it can be agreed that this international treaty related to the prevention of pollution from ships or MARPOL has a renewal of its effectiveness if there has been an incident of pollution at sea in the past. The incident that impacted MARPOL 73/78 itself has also taught us the importance of protecting marine ecosystems.
Profile of Students' Mathematical Literacy in Solving Mathematics Problems Viewed from Learning Styles
Authors: Irma Berek Maria , Sumartono Sumartono , Prastiwi Lusiana
Published: June 2023

Mathematical literacy is mathematics that has a different context to enable one to formulate, use and interpret mathematical problems and is very important in solving mathematical problems. This study aims to describe the profile of students' mathematical literacy in solving mathematical problems in relation to students' learning styles. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the subject matter of SMA Negeri 2 Trenggalek. Data collection techniques through questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The collected data was then analyzed in four steps, namely data reduction, triangulation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the profile of mathematical literacy is more complete for visual learning styles than for auditory and kinesthetic learning styles.
The Role of Audit In Small And Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kelly Kelly , Venessa Jessy , Vivin Vivin
Published: June 2023

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in supporting the economic development of countries, including Indonesia. In 2019, SMEs has reached 63,95 million units which took over 99,62% of all businesses in Indonesia. SMEs also have contributed 61.79% to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product in 2020, hence making them an important contributor to the country’s economic growth. However, SMEs hold some weaknesses compared to large and modern businesses which its limited financial condition and difficulties when applying for funding to the bank due to their lack of proper reporting financial statements in accordance with the accounting standards. In order to resolve this issue, the role of independent auditors holds essential part in making SMEs more bankable by auditing their financial statements. Therefore, the financial statement of SMEs will be more reliable so that the bank will approve SMEs credit application.
Determinants Of Public Shopping Through E-Commerce in The Jabodetabek Area
Authors: Suhartono Anwar
Published: June 2023

In the digital era, shopping with e-commerce is a necessity for the community, especially the millennial generation who have high mobility. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the variables Customer Satisfaction, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Product Quality on the decision to buy e-commerce products. The object of research is the living community in Jabodetabek area, with a design using descriptive quantitative. The research data source is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents to the population of communities who live in Jabodetabek area with the sample selection technique using random sampling of 107 respondents. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with PLS 3.0 software. The research results prove that The Customer Satisfaction variable based on the statistical t value obtains a value of 0.174 < 1.96, so it can be stated that the Customer Satisfaction variable has no significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision.While based on the P-Value obtained 0.862 > 0.05, it means that the Customer Satisfaction variable has no significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision.The Technology Acceptance Model variable based on the statistical t value obtains a value of 2.99 > 1.96, so it can be stated that the Technology Acceptance Model variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision.While based on the P-Value obtained 0.003 < 0.05, it means that the Technology Acceptance Model variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision. The Product Quality variable based on the statistical t value obtained a value of 1.304 < 1.96, so it can be stated that the Product Quality variable has no significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision. While based on the P-Value obtained 0.193 > 0.05, it means that the Product Quality variable has no significant effect on the dependent variable Buying Decision.
Clustering Food Security Levels based on Population, Area of Harvested Land, and Disaster Risk Index in Indonesia
Authors: Alvin Krisnugraha Ignatius , Benyamin Azhary Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Problems threatening food security are reduced agricultural land and decreased production caused by climate change. In 2 years, the rice harvested area in Indonesia has decreased by around 6.33%. This research aims to know how food security is in Indonesia.The secondary data is then processed using the Microsoft Excel application and analyzed using Machine Learning in Rstudio. Several variables were examined, Population, Area of Harvested Land, Productivity of Rice Commodity, and Level of Disaster Risk. Based on the literature, a food security ratio is calculated to get the index that will explain the deficit or surplus of food availability.This research shows that the model has an accuracy rate of 93.4%. Strengthening the results given by the elbow method, the gap statistical method ensures that the optimal number of clusters recommended by machine learning is k2, so the next process is to group districts/cities into 2 (two) clusters.a model can be formed that can be used to predict the condition of food security fairly accurately (accuracy level 90%). Cities in Indonesia when clustered based on this research can optimally be divided into two clusters which show the deficit and surplus of food.
The Effect of Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in the Fast-Food Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Hafidz Gilang , Huriyahnuryi Khoerunisa
Published: June 2023

Customer Loyalty is an important factor that must be considered for every company, especially service providers. Maintaining customer loyalty is not easy for every company, because in this modern era many competitors are competing for customer loyalty. The purpose of this research was to explore the Influence of Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. This type of research was quantitative using a purposive sampling technique which was distributed via a questionnaire to 240 fast food restaurant consumers aged 15-40 years in the JABODETABEK area. Primary data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results of this study indicate that the eight proposed hypotheses are accepted, and the customer satisfaction variable has the greatest direct influence on corporate image. Then, Corporate Image has the greatest indirect effect on the relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Researchers contributing to the company in maintaining and increasing customer loyalty can be seen from several aspects such as Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality, and Corporate Image. For further research, the researcher suggests expanding the research area and looking for objects in other services.
The Influence Of Leader Member Exchange And Organizational Culture On Work Productivity
Authors: Lusyana Ardila  , Dedy Dewanto
Published: June 2023

This research is examine the effect of leader-member exchange and organizational culture on productivity, with object at Kunika Furniture. The furniture industry is a sector that has the potential to be developed because it is supported by the availability of natural resources in Indonesia. Because of its innovative  products, the furniture industry is able to compete on a global scale. There has been a significant shift in the aspect of people's household spending, from what was originally for entertainment, tourism or transportation, to the need to organize and renovate homes, making  the furniture industry play an important role in improving the performance of the manufacturing sector and the national economy. The Minister of Industry considers several  main issues that need to be faced by the domestic furniture and handicraft industry. One of the main issues is technology and human resources. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis by collecting data using a questionnaire with a Likert scale      measurement. Data testing was carried out using SPSS      application. The results show that the leader-member exchange variable partially has a positive effect on productivity by 31.6%, while the organizational culture variable partially has a positive effect on productivity by 49.8, and the two variables simultaneously affect productivity by 62.9%, while another 37,1% is influenced by other variables outside of this  study.
The Effect of Self Efficacy and Locus of Control on Career Maturity of Final Level Students in Management Study Program (One of The Campuses in South Jakarta)
Authors: Naufal Ahsanu N.  , Arif Murti Rozamuri
Published: June 2023

The following research explains the effect of self-efficacy and locus of control on career determination maturity in final year students, namely class of 2019 Management study program at one of the campuses in South Jakarta with the aim of studying and analyzing how much influence self-efficacy has on career maturity in final year students and the influence of locus of control on career maturity in final year students. This research is a correlational quantitative and the method used is survey using the data collection technique of questionnaire. This research used population with a total of 103 respondents. The instrument test was carried out in the form of a validity test using the Pearson product moment and for the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha. Furthermore, for testing the hypothesis, the analysis technique used is a multiple linear regression test, for all data tests carried out using SPSS Version 25. The results show that: Self-efficacy has a significant positive influence and a unidirectional relationship to career maturity of final year students. Locus of control has a significant positive influence and a unidirectional relationship to the career maturity of final year students. Self-efficacy and locus of control have a significant positive effect jointly or simultaneously on career maturity in final year students in Management study program at one of the campuses in South Jakarta. With increasing self-efficacy and a stronger locus of control, it will stimulate career maturity to the fullest.
Diversity, distribution, and habitat association of seagrass in Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines
Authors: Brazas Felimon , Lagat Ronaldo
Published: June 2023

Seagrass is an important component of coastal ecosystems. It contributes nutrients to coastal water productivity due to its high biodiversity as it provides food and shelter to marine organisms and supports local economies. This study measured the diversity and determined the environmental factors affecting seagrass distribution in five selected barangays in Calatagan, Batangas: Balibago, Gulod, Bagong Silang, Barangay Tres, and Sta. Ana. Ten 50cm x 50cm quadrats were placed on both sides of the 50m transect line at 5m intervals. Eight seagrass species have been documented: Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninerves, H. pinifolia, Syringodium isoetifolium, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila minor, and H. ovalis. The Shannon diversity index was calculated using Estimate S software to measure the species diversity. Results showed a diversity index of 1.82, implying a moderate to high seagrass species in the area with a maximum diversity index of 2.08. The barangays with the most seagrass species documented are Balibago and Bagong Silang with both seven species. Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were utilized to relate the abundance of seagrass species to temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and total suspended solids (TSS). Our preliminary results showed that E. acoroides, H. pinifolia, H. uninerves, H. minor, and H. ovalis were found to be associated with higher temperatures. Thalassia hemprichii and S. isoetifolium prefer lower temperatures and showed a negative correlation to TSS. Cymodocea rotundata can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions. However, further studies are needed to identify the most important factors that determine the abundance and distribution of seagrasses in Calatagan, Batangas. The high seagrass diversity in Calatagan, Batangas needs to be protected to improve its cover and enhance its many ecological functions and services.
The Evolution of Substantive Protection in EU International Investment Agreements: Taking Stock of the EU’s Early Treaty-Making Practice
Authors: A. Barr Noah
Published: June 2023

This article analyses the evolution of substantive investment protection in EU IIAs, i.e., CETA, EUSIPA, EVIPA, the TCA and the proposed CAI. It argues that the overall ‘balancing’ of ‘new-generation’ IIAs has changed. First, these agreements have reduced the scope of investment protection and prioritised market access, investment liberalisation, and investment facilitation by simplifying the transfer of funds and personnel and increasing transparency. Secondly, EU IIAs embrace a limited, yet predictable, approach to investment protection. Non-discrimination standards, NT and MFN, are comprehensively defined, compared to traditional European BITs. Absolute standards of protection, FET and expropriation, entail a balancing exercise in CETA but are missing in the TCA and the Proposed CAI. Investment liberalisation and pre-establishment market access have therefore outstripped post-establishment protection in importance. This approach suggests a re-evaluation by EU policymakers of the relative importance of openness over investor protection. Accordingly, investors should expect limited protection from these agreements.

Investment standards, FET, MFN, European Union, CETA, CAI, TCA, Brexit
Elephant in the Room: CISG, Hardship, and Uniform Application
Authors: Aksoy Hüseyin Can
Published: June 2023

It has long been disputed by scholars, courts, and arbitral tribunals whether or not hardship is covered by Article 79 of the CISG. In 2020, the CISG Advisory Council published an opinion and expressed the view that CISG governs cases of hardship but under Article 79, the parties have no duty to renegotiate the contract; and a court or arbitral tribunal may not adapt the contract or bring the contract to an end. Council’s opinion is primarily based on the aim to prevent recourse to domestic law. In fact, if one accepts that CISG contains a gap concerning hardship, domestic law will apply to fill such gap, and this would undermine the unification of the law. However, this can hardly be a reason to accept that cases of hardship are covered by Article 79 CISG. Historical, textual, and teleological interpretation of Article 79 as well as an economic analysis of the concerned remedies show that Article 79 does not cover and/or is not suited to apply to cases of hardship. Therefore, there is an internal gap within the CISG concerning hardship and except for some exceptional cases, where one could find an international trade usage between the parties, the last resort to fill such gap is resorting to the domestic law applicable through private international law.

Hardship, adaptation, renegotiation, CISG, external gap, internal gap, pacta sunt servanda, clausula rebus sic stantibus, observance of good-faith in international trade, international trade usage
The Oxymoron of the Italian Legal System: The Administrative-Law: From the Collapse of the Genoa Bridge to a Ruling of the Italian Constitutional Court
Authors: Gioia Carabelese Piere de , Dela Giustina Camila
Published: June 2023

The tragic collapse of the Genoa bridge – an event that hit the world headlines few years ago, also for the huge number of casualties caused – has engendered in Italy, more recently, multifarious legal controversies. In addition to whether the Italian Government was legally entitled to terminate the long-term service concession arrangements with the private entity in charge of the maintenance of the bridge, further subtle legal issues, of a public law nature, have followed up too. As to the latter, the contribution discusses the one relating to the legal characterisation of the piece of legislation (the obscure and opaque “administrative-law”) which the Italian Government has adopted in order to rule out, apparently within any legal-contractual justification, from the public contest of the Genoa bridge re-construction, an Italian company. This entity was the one in charge of the maintenance of the Italian motorway network, including the infamous bridge. The same Italian Constitutional Law has been recently required to enter the heated debate, with an ensuing decision which, as dissected in the article, has ascertained whether the different acts of the Italian Government, promoted and implemented in the aftermath of the Genoa Bridge, were legitimate. In this very complex scenario, the contribution is also aimed, from a more theoretical perspective, at shedding a light on the myriad of laws (administrative, executive, proper laws) that in the Italian legal system have blossomed in the last decades.

Genoa bridge collapse, Italian motorways and service concession arrangements, right of termination, administrative-laws, constitutional legitimacy, rule of law, due process of law, concessionaire’s rights, European Union Law, competition law
Writing for ‘Brexiternity’? Reflections on Legal Scholarship on a Moving Target
Authors: Larik Joris
Published: June 2023

The United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union was supposed to be definitively settled several times during the past decade – yet it was not. The 2016 referendum brought about a surge in interest in legal questions, especially of EU law and international economic law. This presented scholars with a questionable gift: on the one hand, countless new opportunities for research, publications, and public visibility; on the other, the curse of chasing a rapidly and at times erratically moving target. Therefore, this essay reflects on the continued relevance of Brexit scholarship and different strategies for extending its shelf-life. It argues that the relevance of this scholarship may indeed extend into the future when foresighted and innovative approaches are being put forward. Looking ahead, the essay observes that the Windsor Framework to overhaul the Northern Ireland Protocol likely marks the end point of the frenzied and fraught EU-UK relationship between 2016 and 2023. The essay concludes that, while disagreements will continue, the EU-UK relationship as a topic is entering a period of normalization. Rigorous legal and innovative interdisciplinary scholarship will remain necessary both to develop EU-UK relations as a sub-topic of its own and to embed it into wider discourses of EU and international law.

Brexit, EU–UK Relations, Legal Scholarship, Northern Ireland, Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Withdrawal Agreement