bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systemic analysis of green computing adoption using genetically evolved fuzzy cognitive map: a Philippine scenario
Authors: Abellana Dharyll Prince Mariscal
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a new genetically evolved fuzzy cognitive mapping approach as a decision-making framework for analyzing the relationships between the drivers and strategies for green computing adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

A focus group discussion among stakeholders in the Philippines is used to establish the relationships between the drivers and strategies of green computing adoption.

Findings

The proposed approach significantly reduces the time complexity for developing the fuzzy cognitive maps and provides a basis for comprehensively clustering drivers and strategies that share similar characteristics.

Research limitations/implications

This paper’s results provide insights into how the drivers and strategies of green computing adoption facilitate the intention of adopting stakeholders. Moreover, it provides a framework for analyzing structural relationships that exist between factors in a compliant manner.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, the paper is the first to analyze the drivers and strategies of green computing under a complex systems’ perspective. Moreover, this is the first study to offer lenses in a Philippine scenario.
Encapsulation of extracted carotenoids of Cucurbita maxima through lyophilization
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Dhiman Anju Kumari , Attri Surekha
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to encapsulate the crude carotene pigment isolated from waste portion of Cucurbita maxima with the help of different encapsulating agents through lyophilization to transform crude pigment into stable form for further utilization.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper opted for encapsulation of extracted carotene pigment by lyophilization using various carrier materials such as maltodextrin 20 dextrose equivalent (DE), maltodextrin 10 DE and tapioca starch along with emulsifier polysorbate-80. After encapsulation of crude carotene pigment, prepared encapsulated powder was subjected to chemical analysis. The data was analysed statistically by a complete randomized design.

Findings

Maximum encapsulation efficiency, carotene content, antioxidant activity and water solubility index were achieved when 0.06% of crude carotene pigment was emulsified with same quantity of polysorbate-80, followed by encapsulation with 20% of maltodextrin 20 DE during lyophilization.

Originality/value

Even though few researchers have worked on the encapsulation of colour pigments, no researcher has reported encapsulation of carotene pigment extracted from waste of C. maxima.
Public budgetary roles in Iran: perceptions and consequences
Authors: Jalali Aliabadi Farzaneh , Gal Graham , Mashyekhi Bita
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the public budgeting process in the higher education and research sectors of Iran. It focuses on the actors’ budgetary roles and uses their perspectives to identify deficiencies in the budgeting process that cause delays in the transition to a performance-based system.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses an interpretive research paradigm. It applies the grounded theory methodology to analyze the interviews conducted with those responsible for budgeting at Iranian public universities and research institutes (PURI). The results are interpreted using Wildavsky’s (1964) budgetary roles paradigm.

Findings

Using Wildavsky’s (1964) paradigm, “spenders” and “guardians” are identified and their perceptions about the public budgeting process are described. The results suggest a decoupling between the actors’ perceptions based on their budgetary roles. Spenders consider budgeting as a negotiation-based process, while guardians’ decisions are largely based on “outputs” and “information.” This study demonstrates that the disagreement over the perceived budget process was due to different budgetary roles. This disagreement leads to delays in the transformation of the budget process in Iranian PURI.

Research limitations/implications

While efforts are made to obtain a sample of individuals with different roles and responsibilities, the selection is limited by subjects’ willingness and availability. Therefore, sample size and diversity are potential limitations of this study.

Practical implications

When organizations attempt to transition to performance-based budgeting (PBB), it is critical to understand the current budgeting process to identify potential impediments. Understanding these impediments allows for alternate approaches to be considered. This is particularly important for universities that are mostly funded by the government (such as those in Iran). The results of this study show that the contradictory perceptions among budget actors have a significant impact on budgeting transition and require attention to understand budgeting decisions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the budgeting literature in three ways. First, it examines the impact of endogenized shared values among budget participants on the budgeting transition process. Second, by focusing on budgetary roles, it contributes to the literature by examining disagreement on the perceived budgeting process and its implications for transforming the process into PBB. Finally, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the public budgeting process in a developing country – Iran.
Open government data (OGD): challenging the concept of a “Designated Community”
Authors: Moles Nathan
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the curation of government-produced datasets for release as open government data (OGD) from the perspective of the digital curation and preservation concept of a “Designated Community”. Specifically, it explores how digital curation functions when there is no clear Designated Community to which curation services can be targeted.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted through a case study of the City of Toronto’s efforts to revitalize their OGD program. Data was collected using three methods: semi-structured interviews, non-participative observation and document analysis.

Findings

The curators of OGD responded to the absence of a Designated Community through two complementary methods. The first was to draw from the discourse that defines the OGD domain. The second was to take a participatory approach that incorporated members of the community surrounding OGD and various other stakeholders into the process of developing a plan for the revitalization of the program.

Research limitations/implications

This study opens new directions for investigating the application of the Designated Community concept and its role in digital curation and preservation.

Practical implications

The approach used by OGD curators in this case has the potential to be used in other curation situations where there is no clearly defined user group.

Originality/value

The findings presented in this paper contribute empirical insights to on-going discussions on the concept of a Designated Community in digital curation and preservation.
Research on porous titanium implants and its animal experiments
Authors: Yao Chunyan , Chen Dongdong , Zheng Zhongli , Wang Qiangsheng , Fu Kaijie
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to obtain an effective implant with porous structures on its surface, named porous-surfaced implant, which helps to improve the overall stability of the implant and promote the combination of implant and alveolar bone.

Design/methodology/approach

Porous-surfaced implants with a porosity of 16%, 21%and 32% were designed and the effect of porosity on the strength of the implant was analyzed by ABAQUS software. Porous-surfaced implants with different porosity were printed by selective laser melting and the surface morphology was observed. Animal experiments of implants with porous structures and coating were carried out in healthy beagle dogs. The experimental group was treated with hydroxyapatite coating and the control group was not treated. Bone volume (BV) and total volume (TV) of the implant surface of the experimental group and control group were calculated by Skyscan CTvol software.

Findings

With the increase of porosity of porous-surfaced implants, the neck stress of the porous-surfaced implants increased and their strength decreased. In addition, in animal vivo experiments, the ratio value of BV to TV of the porous-surfaced implants was between 55.38% and 79.86%, which was the largest when the porosity of porous-surfaced implants was 16%. The internal and surrounding bone formation content of porous-surfaced implants with hydroxyapatite coating was higher than porous-surfaced implants without coating.

Originality/value

The results of this study show that the pores on the surface of implants can be filled with the new bone and porous-surfaced implants with 16% porosity provide better space for the growth of new bone. The porous structures with hydroxyapatite coating are beneficial to the growth of new bone around implants. The results of this study are helpful to improve the overall stability of implants and to promote the combination of implant and alveolar bone.
Total eclipse on business performance and mass personalization: how supply chain flexibility eclipses lean production direct effect
Authors: Maqueira Juan Manuel , Novais Luciano Romualdo , Bruque Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the mediating role of Supply Chain Flexibility on the interrelationships binding Lean Production implementation, Mass Personalization and business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A random sample of 260 companies obtained from a population of 1,717 Spanish companies that occupy an intermediate position in the supply chain has been used to test the proposed hypothetical framework. Telephone surveys using a computerized system have been used to collect data, obtaining a response rate of 15.6 and a structural equation model has been designed to test the six proposed hypotheses.

Findings

Companies initially implement Lean Production to optimize Mass Personalization processes and improve business performance. However, in the presence of Supply Chain Flexibility, Lean Production implementation no longer has a direct impact on Mass Personalization and business performance, but it does have an indirect impact through the flexibility it achieves (shown as a total mediating path). Therefore, companies should implement Lean Production to achieve flexibility and thus optimize the Mass Personalization processes and obtain better performance.

Originality/value

Academics and business managers may have supporting evidence on the role played by the total mediating effect of Supply Chain Flexibility on the relationship between Lean Production, Mass Personalization and business performance. A better knowledge of these management resources and their relationship could affect the way researchers and practitioners approach them, becoming more aware of the important role of the supply chain in competitiveness.
A study on key lean enablers of the coal mining sector using ISM, MICMAC and SEM
Authors: Khaba Sorokhaibam , Bhar Chandan , Ray Ankita
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to identify and study the contextual relationships of the significant lean enablers in the Indian coal mining industry using the application of interpretive structural modeling (ISM), matrice d' impacts croisés-multiplication appliquée á un classement (MICMAC) and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a conceptual model based on ISM was developed forming a hierarchy and contextual relationships of significant enablers for lean implementation in the Indian coal mining industry using a literature review and eliciting expert opinion, which is followed by MICMAC for grouping of enablers and questionnaire survey to validate the ISM based conceptual model using SEM.

Findings

The study modeled and analyzed ten significant enablers of lean implementation in the Indian coal mining industry. The findings suggest that the most important lean enablers in the Indian coal mining industry are employee empowerment, employee motivation and commitment, consistent financial performance measurement and management support.

Research limitations/implications

Judgmental sampling was used for selecting the respondents for conducting the questionnaire survey in this research work as there are a few numbers of coal mines implementing lean principles in India. Although the study was not restricted to a particular part of India with the sample representing the heterogeneous population, the study represents more data from the coal mines in eastern India.

Practical implications

The model on lean enablers would help the researchers, decision-makers and practitioners to anticipate potential lean enablers in the Indian coal mines and rank the enablers for improved and efficient usage of the available resources creating value to customers with lean and to sustenance academic research on lean.

Originality/value

Studies on lean enablers in the mining sector are scarce in the literature, and this study is a novel contribution of exploring lean enablers in the Indian coal mining industry using an integrated approach of ISM–MICMAC and SEM.
The ‘Chimera’ of Parenthood
Authors: Sloan Brian
Published: December 2020

In apparently the first reported instance of a paternity test being ‘fooled’ by a ‘human chimera’, a man ‘failed’ a paternity test because the genetic material in his saliva was shown to be different from that in his sperm. Such a chimera has extra genes, here absorbed from a twin lost in early pregnancy. The result was that the 'true' genetic father of the man's son was the twin, who had never been born. Chimeras present a challenge to legal systems, given the frequent emphasis on genetics in determining parenthood. This paper considers the phenomenon's potential implications for English law's understanding of parenthood. It advocates the recognition of the chimeric person as the ‘true’ legal father and suggests two methods through which this might be accomplished, pointing out their broader consequences. The paper also explores English law's likely practical response to the situation of a potential chimera.
Novel cheese with vegetal rennet and microbial transglutaminase: Effect of storage on consumer acceptability, sensory and instrumental properties
Authors: García‐Gómez Belén , Vázquez‐Odériz Mª Lourdes , Muñoz‐Ferreiro Nieves , Romero‐Rodríguez Mª Ángeles , Vázquez Manuel
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumer acceptance and preference of a novel cheese coagulated with vegetal rennet and microbial transglutaminase (V + TG) as an alternative for lacto‐vegetarian consumers. The evolution of the sensory and instrumental parameters throughout the storage time was studied. Cheese with animal rennnet and microbial transglutaminase (A + TG), vegetal rennet alone (V) and animal rennet alone (A) were also studied as controls. The consumer test showed that the V + TG cheese was preferred and showed high texture and taste acceptance scores. This cheese could be successful for its sensory acceptance and as an alternative for the lacto‐vegetarian market.
Effect of blanching and freezing on the physical properties, bioactive compounds, and microstructure of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Zhang Bin , Qiu Zhichang , Zhao Ruixuan , Zheng Zhenjia , Lu Xiaoming , Qiao Xuguang
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of blanching on the physical properties of frozen garlic cloves and to explore the relationship between quality changes and microstructure. A short‐term blanching treatment (100 °C  for 45 s, 90 °C  for 45 s, and 80 °C  for 60 s) before freezing did not affect the total organosulfur compound content. In a preliminary research, blanching conditions were determined to be 100 °C  for 45 to 80 s. Under these conditions, peroxidase was inactivated, but organosulfur compounds were retained. Mechanical and color tests showed a damaging effect of blanching and freezing on frozen garlic blanched for 60 and 80 s at 100 °C . Compared to frozen fresh garlic, frozen garlic treated by blanching for 45 s at 100 °C  retained 2871.49 ± 200.24 µg/g of allicin, although 81.83% of peroxidase was inactivated; browning and hardness improved by 49.97 and 48.01%, respectively. According to scanning electron microscopy, significant damage to the microstructure was observed in both frozen fresh garlic and frozen garlic after 60 s and 80 s of blanching at 100 °C . Moreover, 1H low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) indicated that blanching for 60 s and 80 s induced an increase in free water in garlic tissues, resulting in further damage after freezing. As peroxidase was efficiently inactivated, the microstructure and organosulfur compounds were better preserved, and blanching treatment at 100 °C  for 45 s before freezing is a potential method for obtaining frozen garlic with high sensory and nutritional qualities.

Practical Application

Freezing helps to overcome challenges associated with growing seasons and the deterioration of garlic during storage. After frozen garlic is thawed, it is prone to some undesirable changes, such as enzymatic browning and softening. Minimal blanching (45 s at 100 °C ) pretreatment can help to maintain the bioactive compounds of garlic and prevent texture and color deterioration caused by freezing directly.
Genetic variants of ABCC8 and phenotypic features in Chinese early onset diabetes
Authors: Li Meng , Gong Siqian , Han Xueyao , Zhang Simin , Ren Qian , Cai Xiaoling , Luo Yingying , Zhou Lingli , Zhang Rui , Liu Wei , Zhu Yu , Zhou Xianghai , Sun Yanfang , Li Yufeng , MA Yumin , Ji Linong
Published: December 2020

Background

ABCC8 variants cause neonatal diabetes, maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia because of activating or inactivating variants. In this study we used targeted exon sequencing to investigate genetic variants of ABCC8 and phenotypic features in Chinese patients with early onset diabetes (EOD).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of 543 Chinese patients with EOD was recruited and the exons of them were conducted targeted sequencing. The pathogenicity of ABCC8 variants was defined according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology guideline. The phenotypes of patients owing to ABCC8 variants (ABCC8‐MODY) were characterized.

Results

Among the 543 participants, eight (1.5%) patients with ABCC8‐MODY were identified. They harbored eight missense ABCC8 variants (p.R306C, p.E1326K, and p.R1379H, previously reported; p.R298C, p.F1176C, p.R1221W, p.K1358R, and p.I1404V) classified as likely pathogenic. Two family members with ABCC8‐MODY were also confirmed. The average diagnosed age of the 10 patients was 26.8 ± 12.9 years. The majority of them had unsatisfactory glucose control, 80% of them had diabetic kidney disease, and neurological features were not observed.

Conclusion

Using targeted exon sequencing followed by pathogenicity analysis, we could be able to make genetic diagnoses for eight (1.5%) patients with ABCC8‐MODY. The phenotype was variable with higher risk of diabetic microvascular complications. Genetic diagnosis is conducive for facilitating the personalized treatment of ABCC8‐MODY.
Ca. 1.7 Ga Magmatism on Southwestern Margin of the Yangtze Block: Response to the Breakup of Columbia
Authors: GENG Yuansheng , DU Lilin , KUANG Hongwei , LIU Yongqing
Published: December 2020

This paper presents some data of the Jiaopingdu gabbro and Caiyuanzi granite at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, on the geochemical compositions, zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data. The Jiaopingdu gabbro gives the age of 1721 ± 5 Ma, the Caiyuanzi granite 1732 ± 6 Ma and 1735 ± 4 Ma, and the Wenjiacun porphyry granite 1713 ± 4 Ma, suggesting nearly contemporaneous formation time of the gabbro and granite. The bimodal feature is demonstrated by the gabbro SiO2content of 44.64–46.87 wt% and granite 73.81–77.03 wt%. In addition, the granite has high content of SiO2and Na2O + K2O, low content of Al2O3and CaO, enriched in REEs (except Eu) and Zr, Nb, Ga and Y, depleted in Sr, implying it belongs to A‐type granite geochemistry and origin of within‐plate environment. The zircon∊Hf(t) of the granite and gabbro is at the range of 2–6, which is near the 2.0 Ga evolution line of the crust, implying the parent magma of the gabbro being derived from the depleted mantle and a small amount of crustal material, and the parent magma of the granite from partial melting of the juvenile crust and some ancient crustal material at the same time. Compared with 1.8–1.7 Ga magmatism during breakup of other cratons in the world, we can deduce that the Columbia has initially broken sinceca. 1.8 Ga, and some continental marginal or intra‐continental rifts occurred atca. 1.73 Ga.
Genomic characteristics of driver genes in Chinese patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Si Xiaoyan , Pan Ruili , Ma Shaohua , Li Lin , Liang Li , Zhang Ping , Chu Yuping , Wang Hanping , Wang Mengzhao , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Li
Published: December 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the demographic profile of driver gene alterations, especially low‐frequency gene alterations in Chinese patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A total of 7395 Chinese patients with NSCLC were enrolled in the study. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens collected via either surgical resection or biopsy.

Results

The frequent genomic alterations found in the study were EGFR mutations (51.7%), KRAS mutations (13.1%), MET alterations (5.6%; 3.2% copy number gains and 0.5% exon 14 skipping mutation), HER2 alterations (7.0%; 2.0% copy number gains and 5.4% mutations), ALK alterations (7.2%; 3.9% rearrangements), RET rearrangements (1.4%), ROS1 rearrangements (0.9%), and NTRK rearrangements (0.6%). The EGFR mutation rate was found to be significantly higher in women than in men (69.1% vs. 38.5%, P < 0.001), while the KRAS mutation (17.5% vs. 7.3%, P < 0.001) and MET alteration rates (6.5% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in men than in women. The EGFR mutation rate tended to decrease with age in the group aged >40 years, while the KRAS mutation rate tended to increase with age. The HER2 mutation (13.9% vs. 6.7%, P < 0.001) and ALK alteration rates (14.3% vs. 6.9%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the group aged <40 years than in groups aged 40 years or older.

Conclusions

The frequency of different driver genes was diverse in different age‐gender groups, and the results of this study may assist clinicians in clinical decision‐making and the development of public healthcare strategies in the future.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

This study demonstrated that the frequency of different driver genes was diverse in different age‐gender groups.

What this study adds

It may enable clinicians to make clinical decisions, and assist government, pharmaceutical researchers and insurance companies develop public healthcare strategies.
Lung ventilation distribution in patients after traditional full sternotomy and minimally invasive thoracotomy: An observational study
Authors: Zhao Zhanqi , Yuan Tsai‐Ming , Chuang Ya‐Hui , Wang Yu‐Wen , Chang Hou‐Tai , Bien Mauo‐Ying , Huang Jih‐Hsin , Lin Nian‐Jhen , Frerichs Inéz , Möller Knut , Fu Feng , Yang You‐Lan
Published: December 2020

Background

The aim of the study was to examine the post‐operative ventilation distribution changes in cardiac surgical patients after traditional full sternotomy (FS) or minimally invasive thoracotomy (MIT).

Methods

A total of 40 patients scheduled for FS with two‐lung ventilation or MIT with one‐lung ventilation were included. Ventilation distribution was measured with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) at T1, before surgery; T2, after surgery in ICU before weaning; T3, 24 hours after extubation. EIT‐based parameters were calculated to assess the ventilation distribution, including the left‐to‐right lung ratio, ventral‐to‐dorsal ratio, and the global inhomogeneity index.

Results

The global inhomogeneity index increased at T2 and T3 compared to T1 in all patients but only statistically significant in patients with MIT (FS, P = .06; MIT, P < .01). Notable decrease in the dorsal regions (FS) or in the non‐ventilated side (MIT) was observed at T2. Ventilation distribution was partially improved at T3 but huge variations of recovery progresses were found in all patients regardless of the surgery types. Subgroup analysis indicated that operation duration was significantly lower in the MIT group (240 ± 40 in FS vs 205 ± 90 minutes in MIT, median ± interquartile range, P < .05) but the incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter was significantly higher (5% in FS vs 50% in MIT, P < .01). Other exploratory outcomes showed no statistical differences.

Conclusions

Ventilation distribution was impaired after cardiac surgery. The recovery process of ventilation homogeneity was strongly depending on individuals so that MIT was not always superior in this aspect. EIT may help to identify the patients requiring further care after surgery.
The effect of taper and apical preparation size on fracture resistance of roots
Authors: Doğanay Yıldız Ezgi , Fidan Mehmet Eren , Sakarya Rüştü Ersoy , Dinçer Buket
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the effect of taper and apical preparation size on the fracture resistance of roots. 84 mandibular incisor teeth were selected. Groups (n = 12): uninstrumented (control group), 25/0.04, 25/0.06, 25/0.08, 30/0.04, 30/0.06 and 30/0.08. K3XF files (Kerr Endodontics, Orange, CA) were used for canal preparation. Fracture resistance was tested using a Universal test machine. For statistical analysis, the level of significance was P ≤ 0.05, and one‐way anova and post hoc LSD tests were used. The control group showed the highest fracture resistance (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between 25/0.04 and 25/0.06; 25/0.06 and 25/0.08; 30/0.04 and 30/0.06; 30/0.06 and 30/0.08; 25/0.04 and 30/0.04; 25/0.06 and 30/0.06; and 25/0.08 and 30/0.08 (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between 25/0.04 and 25/0.08; 30/0.04 and 30/0.08; and 25/0.08 and 30/0.04 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the clinical selection of larger tapers can cause a higher risk of fracture.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of different nickel–titanium retreatment instruments
Authors: Weissheimer Theodoro , Heck Luana , Calefi Pedro Henrique Souza , Alcalde Murilo Priori , da Rosa Ricardo Abreu , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the cyclic fatigue, bending, torsional resistance and angular deflection of Pro‐R 25.08, Logic RT 25.08, MK Retreatment 25.08 (MK RT) and ProTaper Retreatment D2 instruments. Cyclic fatigue test was performed until fracture in a custom stainless‐steel device with water bath equipment to simulate body temperature. Fracture time was recorded. A number of cycles were calculated. Resistance to bending at 45°, torsional resistance and angular deflection were evaluated. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey and Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests. Pro‐R and Logic RT presented the highest cyclic fatigue (P < 0.05). D2 had higher strength to bend than Pro‐R and Logic RT (P < 0.05). Logic RT showed the highest torque and angular deflection (P < 0.05), without differences when compared to D2 (P > 0.05). Instrument performances were dependent on their geometrical features and heat treatments.
Cytokines in embryonic secretome as potential markers for embryo selection
Authors: Bahrami‐Asl Zahra , Hajipour Hamed , Rastgar Rezaei Yeganeh , Novinbahador Tannaz , Latifi Zeinab , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Farzadi Laya , Fattahi Amir , Nouri Mohammad , Dominguez Francisco
Published: December 2020

Despite performing certain morphological assessments for selecting the best embryo for transfer, the results have not been satisfactory. Given the global tendency for performing quick and noninvasive tests for embryo selection, great efforts have been made to discover the predictive biomarkers of embryo implantation potential. In recent years, many factors have been detected in embryo culture media as a major source of embryo secretions. Previous studies have evaluated cytokines, miRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and other factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor, colony‐stimulating factor, reactive oxygen species, soluble human leukocyte antigen G, amino acids, and apolipoproteins in these media. Given the key role of cytokines in embryo implantation, these factors can be considered promising molecules for predicting the implantation success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The present study was conducted to review embryo‐secreted molecules as potential biomarkers for embryo selection in ART.
Investigations and time trends in loop ileostomy reversals following anterior resections: a single Australian institution seven‐years' experience
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Besson Alex , Faragher Ian G. , Chan Steven T. F. , Yeung Justin M.
Published: December 2020

Background

Currently no consensus exists regarding what pre‐reversal investigations are required to assess integrity of the rectal anastomosis. The objective of this study was to compare pre‐reversal assessments of anastomotic integrity and to evaluate trends that might have influenced timings for reversal.

Methods

From a prospectively maintained database, patients with colorectal cancer resections between March 2012 and October 2019 were identified. Patient characteristics, pre‐reversal contrast enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy findings were recorded, and management of complications were recorded. Time‐to‐ileostomy reversal and time series for trends were analysed.

Results

There were 154 patients included. Pre‐reversal contrast enema or sigmoidoscopy detected a possible stricture or leak at the rectal anastomotic site in 11% (15/132) and 15% (18/112), respectively. When both modalities were used there was concordance of 86.1% and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.73. Of 125 (81.2%) ileostomies reversed, the median time‐to‐reversal was 11.99 months; time series analysis over the 7‐year period showed no significant trend for average patient‐days from booking to reversal (P = 0.60). Cox regression modelling did not identify any influential risk factors for the times taken to reversal.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of both contrast enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy in the assessment of rectal anastomosis integrity. Most patients with complications can have their ileostomies reversed. Patients who have adjuvant chemotherapy have a prolonged time to reversal.
Needle device‐assisted single‐incision laparoscopic gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Doden Kenta , Inaki Noriyuki , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Matsui Ryota
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Single‐incision laparoscopic gastrectomy can be difficult because of complex instrumentation and a limited working angle. We standardized a needle device‐assisted single‐incision laparoscopic gastrectomy (NA‐SILG) procedure for early gastric cancer in 2013. Herein, we present our technique and evaluate it in comparison to the conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy CLG) technique.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 149 patients who underwent a NA‐SILG or distal (CLG) for early gastric cancer between January 2013 and August 2016. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching between the two groups.

Results

Eighteen patients who underwent a NA‐SILG and 131 who underwent a CLG were included. Almost all patients were in clinical stage IA. Operative times were 216 ± 29.7 minutes and 220 ± 51.7 minutes for the NA‐SILG and CLG groups, respectively; the median intraoperative bleeding amounts were 5 mL and 10 mL for the NA‐SILG and CLG groups, respectively. The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 41.5 and 57 for the NA‐SILG and CLG groups, respectively. The number of patients needing analgesics was significantly lower in the NA‐SILG group (P = .003) than in the CLG group. Neither group had postoperative complications more severe than Clavien‐Dindo classification III.

Conclusion

Needle device‐assisted SILG is safe and feasible for early gastric cancer treatment in slim figure patients. It has short and long‐term outcomes comparable to the CLG but is less invasive and results in less postoperative pain.
The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders: Bipolar disorder summary
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Bell Erica , Boyce Philip , Bassett Darryl , Berk Michael , Bryant Richard , Gitlin Michael , Hamilton Amber , Hazell Philip , Hopwood Malcolm , Lyndon Bill , McIntyre Roger S. , Morris Grace , Mulder Roger , Porter Richard , Singh Ajeet B. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Young Allan , Murray Greg
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To provide a succinct, clinically useful summary of the management of bipolar disorder, based on the 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders (MDcpg2020).

Methods

To develop the MDcpg2020, the mood disorders committee conducted an extensive review of the available literature to develop evidence‐based recommendations (EBR) based on National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines. In the MDcpg2020, these recommendations sit alongside consensus‐based recommendations (CBR) that were derived from extensive deliberations of the mood disorders committee, drawing on their expertise and clinical experience. This guideline summary is an abridged version that focuses on bipolar disorder. In collaboration with international experts in the field, it synthesises the key recommendations made in relation to the diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder.

Results

The bipolar disorder summary provides a systematic approach to diagnosis, and a logical clinical framework for management. It addresses the acute phases of bipolar disorder (mania, depression and mixed states) and its longer‐term management (maintenance and prophylaxis). For each phase it begins with Actions, which include important strategies that should be implemented from the outset wherever possible. These include for example, lifestyle changes, psychoeducation and psychological interventions. In each phase, the summary advocates the use of Choice medications for pharmacotherapy, which are then used in combinations along with additional Alternatives to manage acute symptoms or maintain mood stability and provide prophylaxis. The summary also recommends the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for each of the acute phases but not for maintenance therapy. Finally, it briefly considers bipolar disorder in children and its overlap in adults with borderline personality disorder.

Conclusions

The bipolar disorder summary provides up to date guidance regarding the management of bipolar disorder, as set out in the MDcpg2020. The recommendations are informed by evidence and clinical expertise and experience. The summary is intended for use by psychiatrists, psychologists and primary care physicians but will be of interest to anyone involved in the management of patients with bipolar disorder.
NR5A1 c.991‐1G > C splice‐site variant causes familial 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis with incomplete penetrance
Authors: Laan Maris , Kasak Laura , Timinskas Kęstutis , Grigorova Marina , Venclovas Česlovas , Renaux Alexandre , Lenaerts Tom , Punab Margus
Published: December 2020

Objective

The study aimed to identify the genetic basis of partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) in a non‐consanguineous family from Estonia.

Patients

Cousins P (proband) 1 (12 years; 46,XY) and P2 (18 years; 46,XY) presented bilateral cryptorchidism, severe penoscrotal hypospadias, low bitesticular volume and azoospermia in P2. Their distant relative, P3 (30 years; 46,XY), presented bilateral cryptorchidism and cryptozoospermia.

Design

Exome sequencing was targeted to P1‐P3 and five unaffected family members.

Results

P1‐P2 were identified as heterozygous carriers of NR5A1 c.991‐1G > C. NR5A1 encodes the steroidogenic factor‐1 essential in gonadal development and specifically expressed in adrenal, spleen, pituitary and testes. Together with a previous PGD case from Belgium (Robevska et al 2018), c.991‐1G > C represents the first recurrent NR5A1 splice‐site mutation identified in patients. The majority of previous reports on NR5A1 mutation carriers have not included phenotype‐genotype data of the family members. Segregation analysis across three generations showed incomplete penetrance (<50%) and phenotypic variability among the carriers of NR5A1 c.991‐1G > C. The variant pathogenicity was possibly modulated by rare heterozygous variants inherited from the other parent, OTX2 p.P134R (P1) or PROP1 c.301_302delAG (P2). For P3, the pedigree structure supported a distinct genetic cause. He carries a previously undescribed likely pathogenic variant SOS1 p.Y136H. SOS1, critical in Ras/MAPK signalling and foetal development, is a strong novel candidate gene for cryptorchidism.

Conclusions

Detailed genetic profiling facilitates counselling and clinical management of the probands, and supports unaffected mutation carriers in the family for their reproductive decision making.
Relationships of young adults with foster care backgrounds: Tensions and management strategies
Authors: Tahkola Elli‐Maria , Metsäpelto Riitta‐Leena , Ruohotie‐Lyhty Maria , Poikkeus Anna‐Maija
Published: December 2020

The present study focuses on experiences of relational tensions and management strategies in family relationships among 18 young adults with foster care backgrounds who participated in interviews. In the analysis drawing from relational dialectics, three main tensions were revealed in the participants' relationships with birth and foster family members or in their romantic relationships: the dialectics of emotional distance‐closeness, integration‐separation and sameness‐otherness. In addition, the tension of the childhood dialectic of responsibility was identified in this study. The tensions were managed utilizing eight strategies. The findings highlight the importance of giving a voice to young adults who have experienced the complex web of relationships in at least two families and of sensitizing both birth and foster parents and other adults working with foster children and youth to these tensions in relationships.
Novel ACTG2 variants disclose allelic heterogeneity and bi‐allelic inheritance in pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Matera Ivana , Bordo Domenico , Di Duca Marco , Lerone Margherita , Santamaria Giuseppe , Pongiglione Marta , Lezo Antonella , Diamanti Antonella , Spagnuolo Maria Immacolata , Pini Prato Alessio , Alberti Daniele , Mattioli Girolamo , Gandullia Paolo , Ceccherini Isabella
Published: December 2020

Variants in the ACTG2 gene, encoding a protein crucial for correct enteric muscle contraction, have been found in patients affected with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, either congenital or late‐onset visceral myopathy, and megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Here we report about ten pediatric and one adult patients, from nine families, carrying ACTG2 variants: four show novel still unpublished missense variants, including one that is apparently transmitted according to a recessive mode of inheritance. Four of the remaining five probands carry variants affecting arginine residues, that have already been associated with a severe phenotype. A de novo occurrence of the variants could be confirmed in six of these families. Since a genotype–phenotype correlation is affected by extrinsic factors, such as, diagnosis delay, quality of clinical management, and intra‐familial variability, we have undertaken 3D molecular modeling to get further insights into the effects of the variants here described. The present findings and further ACTG2 testing of patients presenting with intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, will improve our understanding of visceral myopathies, including implications in the prognosis and genetic counseling of this set of severe disorders.
Maxillary sinus augmentation with three different biomaterials: Histological, histomorphometric, clinical, and patient‐reported outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Velasco‐Ortega Eugenio , Valente Nicola Alberto , Iezzi Giovanna , Petrini Morena , Derchi Giacomo , Barone Antonio
Published: December 2020

Background

Lateral maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) is a predictable bone regeneration technique in case of atrophy of the posterior‐upper maxilla. Aimed at obtaining quantity and quality of bone suitable for receiving osseointegrated implants, its success is largely due to the skill of the surgeon, but also to the characteristics of the biomaterial used.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients needing MSA were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to three different groups: anorganic bovine bone mineral as control, tricalcium phosphate with or without hyaluronic acid (HA) as test groups. Nine months after MSA, bone biopsies were harvested for the histomorphometric analysis. Secondary outcomes were mean bone gain, intraoperative and postoperative complications, implant insertion torque, implant failure, and patient‐reported outcome measures.

Results

Although the percentage of new bone was not statistically different between the three groups (P = .191), the percentages of residual biomaterial was significantly higher (P < .000) and nonmineralized tissue significantly lower (P < .000) in the control than in the test groups. Test groups did not differ significantly from each other for all histomorphometric parameters. The implant insertion torque was significantly higher in the control group (P < .0005). The rest of the secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

MSA is a safe and predictable procedure in terms of histological, clinical, and PROAMs, regardless of the biomaterial used. The addition of HA did not influence the outcomes.
Children automatically abstract categorical regularities during statistical learning
Authors: Jung Yaelan , Walther Dirk B. , Finn Amy S.
Published: December 2020

Statistical learning allows us to discover myriad structures in our environment, which is saturated with information at many different levels—from items to categories. How do children learn different levels of information—about regularities that pertain to items and the categories they come from—and how does this differ from adults? Studies on category learning and memory have suggested that children may be more focused on items than adults. If this is also the case for statistical learning, children may not extract and learn the multi‐level regularities that adults can. We report three experiments showing that children and adults extract both item‐ and category‐level regularities in statistical learning. In Experiments 1 and 2, we show that both children and adults can learn structure at the item and category levels when they are measured independently. In Experiment 3, we show that both children and adults learn about categories even when exposure does not require this: both are able to generalize their learning from the item to the category level. Results indicate that statistical learning operates across multi‐level structure in children and adults alike, enabling generalization of learning from specific items to exemplars from categories of those items that observers have never seen. Even though children may be more focused on items during other forms of learning, they learn about categories from item‐level input during statistical learning.
Functional motor disorders associated with other neurological diseases: Beyond the boundaries of “organic” neurology
Authors: Tinazzi Michele , Geroin Christian , Erro Roberto , Marcuzzo Enrico , Cuoco Sofia , Ceravolo Roberto , Mazzucchi Sonia , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Romito Luigi Michele , Eleopra Roberto , Zappia Mario , Nicoletti Alessandra , Dallocchio Carlo , Arbasino Carla , Bono Francesco , Pascarella Angelo , Demartini Benedetta , Gambini Orsola , Modugno Nicola , Olivola Enrica , Bonanni Laura , Antelmi Elena , Zanolin Elisabetta , Albanese Alberto , Ferrazzano Gina , de Micco Rosa , Lopiano Leonardo , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Petracca Martina , Esposito Marcello , Pisani Antonio , Manganotti Paolo , Stocchi Fabrizio , Coletti Moja Mario , Antonini Angelo , Ercoli Tommaso , Morgante Francesca
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose

The aims of this study were to describe the clinical manifestations of functional motor disorders (FMDs) coexisting with other neurological diseases (“comorbid FMDs”), and to compare comorbid FMDs with FMDs not overlapping with other neurological diseases (“pure FMDs”).

Methods

For this multicenter observational study, we enrolled outpatients with a definite FMD diagnosis attending 25 tertiary movement disorder centers in Italy. Each patient with FMDs underwent a detailed clinical assessment including screening for other associated neurological conditions. Group comparisons (comorbid FMDs vs. pure FMDs) were performed in order to compare demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were created to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of comorbid FMDs (dependent variable) in relation to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (independent variables).

Results

Out of 410 FMDs, 21.7% of patients (n = 89) had comorbid FMDs. The most frequent coexisting neurological diseases were migraine, cerebrovascular disease and parkinsonism. In the majority of cases (86.5%), FMDs appeared after the diagnosis of a neurological disease. Patients with comorbid FMDs were older, and more frequently had tremor, non‐neurological comorbidities, paroxysmal non‐epileptic seizures, major depressive disorders, and benzodiazepine intake. Multivariate regression analysis showed that diagnosis of comorbid FMDs was more likely associated with longer time lag until the final diagnosis of FMD, presence of tremor and non‐neurological comorbidities.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the need for prompt diagnosis of FMDs, given the relatively high frequency of associated neurological and non‐neurological diseases.
CRISPR: development of a technology and its applications
Authors: Derry W. Brent
Published: December 2020

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a prokaryotic immune surveillance system that is used by bacteria to recognize genetic material of infectious organisms, such as phage viruses. Using CRISPR‐associated (Cas) proteins, this system cleaves foreign nucleic acid into fragments, thus defending the bacterium against the attacker. The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to CRISPR‐Cas pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, who developed the CRISPR‐Cas system to precisely edit genomic DNA. This technology has exploded at a breathtaking pace and is now used by almost every molecular biology laboratory around the world in a myriad of organisms. In this Virtual Issue, the FEBS Journal features articles reviewing the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its applications to understand the functions of proteins in vivo.