bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of precast assembled bridge columns with UHPC-filled connections
Authors: Shen Yu , Ma Biao , Wang Ruilong
Published: March 2021

Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) has attracted substantial attentions around the world owing to advantages of minimizing construction delivery time, improving component material quality and promoting overall-economy performance. An essential factor in widespread and successful implementation of the ABC lies in the reliable connections between precast units. In this study, the distinction of seismic performance between the high and short precast reinforced concrete pier columns with a new column-to-footing (or cap beam) connection filled with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) were experimentally investigated through the quasi-static testing. Based on the observations of test results, although the phenomena of sliding and uplifting around the joints were obvious, the failure modes of high and short columns were the flexural failure and the shear failure on the non-joint zone, respectively. Moreover, the damage process, the ductility capacity, the resilience behavior and the hysteresis energy response of the two large-scaled prefabricated piers were described and discussed.
Quantifying Wire Stresses in Main Cables Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Brügger Adrian , Clausen Bjørn , Betti Raimondo
Published: March 2021

Effective maintenance strategies for suspension bridges rely on a fundamental understanding of the internal mechanics of its failure-critical members, most importantly the main cables. While experimentally quantifying the development length – the distance over which a broken wire in a cable regains service stress through load transfer from surrounding wires – we found that this quantity depends heavily on the amount of local confinement force (e.g. clamping and compaction) acting on said wire. Both academics and engineering practitioners commonly use prescribed mean-field stress distributions to estimate internal cable stresses, assuming an equivalence of this discrete multi-body system to a homogeneous steel monolith. Using the SMARTS beamline at Los Alamos National Laboratory, we test this assumption by reporting direct measurements of axial stresses within each individual wire of parallel wire strands. The strands are constrained by a clamp modeled after a cable band and measurements are made around a clamp for various clamping loads while the strand is under tension. The results reveal that effective confinement of a cable section is one of the most critical variables driving the safety factor of a bridge cable.
Structural design and globalization – the particular case of bridge construction equipment
Authors: Soares José M. S. , Pacheco Pedro , Coelho Hugo , Resende André , Carvalho Diogo , Torres Alberto
Published: March 2021

Structural safety may be seen as an outcome of 3 major factors: Design, Construction/Erection and Materials. Each of these factors is usually governed by specific standards. In order to reach a satisfactory outcome, the standards should ideally be coherent and complementary. In the regions that led the development of structural engineering (US, Europe, Japan) it took decades to develop articulated standards and this development is still ongoing – for instance, improvement of materials and quality control promote material reduction, safety factors or even incorporation of new materials into design standards.

As globalization continues to accelerate, structural engineering companies simultaneously face global competition and new global opportunities. Challenges arise in situations in which Design, Construction and Materials’ standards are not governed by a common language or background. The use of large bridge construction equipment such as LG or MSS is widespread in Europe and North America. Increasing implementation of modern bridge construction processes in developing regions not yet familiarized with inherent construction equipment bring new challenges in terms of safety and standard harmonization. Some of these challenges are addressed in this paper. Main conclusions drawn in the end may be generalized to other design and construction activities.
Structural assessment and retrofitting of damaged reinforced concrete water bridge
Authors: Stochino Flavio , Mistretta Fausto , Mancini Giuseppe , Pani Luisa
Published: March 2021

Ageing of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures is an important problem nowadays, in particular for countries like Italy in which the main infrastructures were built 55 years ago. Carbonation and chloride penetration represent the main causes of reinforcements corrosion because they reduce the passivation of reinforcing steel in concrete.

In this paper the structural assessment of an existing RC water bridge and the following retrofitting design is presented. Built in the years between 1953 and 1961 in Sardinia (Italy), it is a 180 m long bridge with 18 spans of 10 m. It is characterized by a U-shape cross section (5.7 m width, 3.8 m height).

The structure was damaged by water and environmental action that produced concrete degradation and reinforcements corrosion. Existing material characterization and structures conditions assessment will be discussed along with the retrofitting project. The latter is characterized by a structural jacketing of the bridge piers with new concrete and reinforcements. The bridge cross-section will be also retrofitted with a complete external jacket casted with self-compacting concrete (SCC). Particular attention has been devoted to the new joints that connect the 40m long bridge sections. Indeed, they should guarantee water tightness even with the important longitudinal displacements due to structural load.
Shear Behavior of Corroded RC Beams Considering Concrete Spalling Damage
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Liu Bowen , Zhang Wei , Chen Qiuchi , Yang Caiqian
Published: March 2021

Corrosion-induced concrete spalling damage and its effects on shear behavior of RC beams are investigated in the present study. An experimental test is proposed firstly to investigate the cracking and spalling of concrete covers induced by corrosion. Then, the effects of concrete spalling damage on shear capacity are clarified. Following, a simple model is proposed to quantify the section damage of concrete. And, a FE method is proposed to predict the shear behavior by considering the concrete spalling damage and bond degradation. Results show that steel corrosion induces firstly the cracking of concrete and then the spalling of concrete as the corrosion loss exceeds about 20%. The spalling angles is found to vary from 17° to 22° in present test. The slight corrosion loss less than 10% in stirrups and inclined bars has little effect on the degradation of shear capacity. The further corroded stirrups and inclined bars, and the accompanied concrete spalling damage decreases the shear capacity significantly. The proposed FE model by considering corrosion-induced steel area loss, concrete spalling damage and bond degradation has reasonable accuracy for shear behavior prediction of beams.
Damage Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Girders Using Crack Fractal and Frequency
Authors: Tang Shenghua , Fang Zhi
Published: March 2021

Two novel approaches are proposed in the present study to assess the damage degree of girders based on the fractal analysis of crack patterns and natural frequency. Two full scale simply‐supported prestressed concrete box girders were firstly designed and subjected to three‐point repeated load bending tests. Concrete cracking, deformation and natural frequency of the girder were investigated during the test. Then, the box‐counting method was improved by rectangle box to analyze the fractal dimension (FD) of girders based on the flexural crack pattern in each loading stage. It shows that the surface crack patterns of the tested girders possessed definite fractal character. The FD of the girders has also an approximately bilinear relationship with the natural frequency of girders. The turning point is very close to the yielding of the prestressed tendons in the girders. Based on this, a damage index is proposed to estimate the remnant stiffness of the girders based on the FD of visible cracks. The FD frequency curves can also be employed to discriminate the damage grades of the girders. Both of the two approaches have been verified with high accuracy.
The Impact of quality of life on the formation of the value structure of population of Russia
Authors: Averin Yuri
Published: March 2021

The collection is the result of the all-Russian scientific conference with international participation “The Impact of quality of life on the formation of the value structure of population of Russia” and includes abstracts of the participants. The texts are published in the author’s edition, the opinion of the Organizing Committee may not coincide with the position of the authors.
USING DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION THEORY TO IMPLEMENT ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS FRAMEWORK IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Samadzai Abdul Wahid , Lamas David
Published: March 2021

In an environment of widespread demand in the healthcare system for the provision of equitable, achievable and safe healthcare, the use of information communication technology (ICT) is individual of the identified solutions to meet such expectations. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a main instrument towards achieving well healthcare using such technology, although, across the world EHR implementation has experienced a great failure rate. The aim of this research is to move from paper-based health record to some electronic health record. For achieving this aim, the researcher used diffusion of innovation theory.
Perbandingan Pengaruh Ekstrak Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle Linn) Terhadap Kualitas Produk Hand Soap
Authors: Robbia Annisa Zikri , Yahdi Yahdi , Dewi Yuli Kusuma
Published: March 2021

Dalam pembuatan sabun cuci tangan biasanya memanfaatkan ekstrak alami yang dapat membunuh bakteri. Salah satu bahan alam yang biasa dijumpai adalah Lidah buaya (Aloe Vera) dan daun sirih (Piper betle Linn) yang memiliki banyak khasiat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kualitas Hand Soap baik dari ekstrak lidah buaya maupun ekstrak daun sirih. Analisis data menggunakan One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Varians) pada taraf 5%. Percobaan penelitian ini menggunakan 3 sampel yaitu Hand Soap tanpa ekstrak (sebagai kontrol), Hand Soap ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera) dan Hand Soap ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle Linn). Parameter kualitas yang diamati adalah uji organoleptik, pH, viskositas, antibakteri, dan daya busa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas Hand Soap ekstrak daun sirih memenuhi standar SNI dengan rata-rata uji organoleptik 3,87; pH 8,23; viskositas 20486,17 cPs; daya antibakteri 13,97 mm; dan daya busa 27,75 mm, sedangkan pada Hand Soap ekstrak lidah buaya juga memenuhi standar SNI dengan skor uji organoleptik sebesar 4,20; pH 8,68; daya antibakteri 9.12 mm; dan daya busa 27,50 mm. Berdasarkan uji statistik dan uji lanjut BNT disimpulkanÃÂ  bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada penambahan ekstrak daun sirih dan ekstrak lidah buaya terhadap kualitas Hand soap pada parameter pH, viskositas, dan daya antibakteri, dimana ekstrak daun sirih memiliki pengaruh paling baik terhadap kualitas Hand Soap dibandingkan dengan Hand soap kontrol dan Hand soap ekstrak lidah buaya.
Concurrent validity, inter-, and intrarater reliabilities of smart device based application for measuring vertical jump performance
Authors: OH DONG-SIK , CHOI YOON-HEE , SHIM YU-JIN , PARK SAM-HO , LEE MYUNG-MO
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity and inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of smart device based application, against force platform-based portable device Wii balance board (WBB) measurements for the flight time and jump height during the vertical jump. Material and methods: Thirty participants (23.8 ±3.41 years) completed three vertical jumps, which were evaluated using WBB and application for smart device. To assess the concurrent validity, jump height and flight times were obtained from each device. Inter-and intra-rater reliabilities were determined by replicating data analysis of smart device based application recordings. Results: Flight time and jump height collected from smart device based application showed excellent agreement level with WBB (flight time and jump height: ICC [2,1]=0.972). However mean flight time and jump height from the smart device based application was significantly higher than WBB (mean difference: 0.006 sec, 0.745 cm, p < 0.05). Intra-rater sessions showed good level of agreement (flight time: ICC [2,1] = 0.967, jump height: ICC [2,1] = 0.974), and inter-rater session showed almost perfect reliability (flight time: ICC [2,1] = 0.985, jump height: ICC [2,1] = 0.987). Conclusions: Smart device-based applications could be used to replace pressure-based portable devices for clinical evaluations in post-injury rehabilitation as well as evaluating sports performance.
The Influence of functional training on biomotor skills in girl tennis players aged 10–12
Authors: ZIRHLI OKTAY , DEMIRCI NEVZAT
Published: March 2021

Background: ‪The purpose of this study is to examine whether functional training has an impact on biomotor skills of 10–12-year-old girls. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 20 girls (10 controls and 10 subjects) – who had been playing tennis for at least 2 years. A routine tennis training program was applied to the control group of tennis players participating in the study: 4 days a week, 90 minutes a day for 8 weeks. A 2+2 training program (2 days routine and 2 days functional training) was applied to the experimental group of tennis players for 8 weeks, 4 days a week, 90 minutes a day. At the end of the training program, biomotor tests were conducted. Results: ‪There was not any significant differences when the pre-test and post-test values of the control group of tennis players who performed traditional tennis training were compared with their biomotor skills and Wingate anaerobic power (p> .05). When the pre-test and post-test values of the experimental group of tennis players with 8-week functional tennis training were compared with their biomotor skills and Wingate anaerobic power, a significant difference was found in all variables (p <0.01). Conclusions: ‪The obtained data shows that the "functional training" programs implemented together with "routine tennis training" can positively improve the biomotor characteristics of 10–12 year-old girl tennis players.
Changes of temporospatial orientation in persons with intellectual disabilities who participate in modern dance workshops
Authors: SZYMANSKA OLGA , WILINSKI WOJCIECH
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to identify whether participation in a short series of modern dance (hip-hop) workshops could improve the level of temporospatial orientation in persons with moderate intellectual disabilities. Material and methods: The group consisted of 10 persons aged 14-23 (M=19.5, SD= 2.87). A quasi-experiment was prepared in a one-group plan which consisted of a series of nine modern dance workshops lasting 60 minutes each and held twice a week. The following test layout / testing regime was used: pretest–posttest to check the temporospatial orientation level of dance workshop participants before and after the workshop. A “ball run” spatial orientation test was used in the study. The test was adapted to the cognitive abilities of the subjects. Results: Student’s t-test for dependent samples showed that the mean level of temporospatial orientation in persons with moderate intellectual disabilities before their participation in nine hip-hop dance workshops (M=32.32; SD=3.98) is significantly higher than the mean level of temporospatial orientation (M=29.74; SD=5.45) after completion of workshops, t(9)=2.61; p<0.05 Conclusion: Modern dance (hip-hop) classes improve temporospatial orientation in persons with moderate intellectual disabilities.
Changes in air tourism to Tunisia in 2009–2018
Authors: WENDT JAN A. , OLSZEWSKI-STRZYŻOWSKI DARIUSZ JACEK
Published: March 2021

Background: T he subject of this study is an analysis of the changes of tourist air traffic in Tunisia between 2009 and 2018. During this time, Tunisia saw political changes and worldwide-reported coverage of terrorist attacks on tourists (2014–2015). The aim of this study was to attempt to determine the extent to which the Tunisian Revolution and terrorist attacks have had a negative impact on the decline in the tourist traffic, and to assess the rate of return of the tourist traffic and income in this sector to the levels from before the Revolution. Material and methods: The main source of statistical data for Tunisian airports are documents List of the busiest airports in Africa and Trafic Mondial / World Traffic, and data collected from individual airports for the relevant years. The main problem in the analysis and correlation was the access to reliable data on the volume of tourist traffic, and in the case of some airports, data presenting the volume of passenger traffic. Data from the Statistical Office of Tunisia were used to identify and analyse changes in revenues. Results: Data for 2009–2018 clearly show a decrease in the number of all passengers arriving in Tunisia by air travel. Conclusions: R esearch suggests that the decline in the number of tourists as a result of political changes and terrorist attacks has been characterised by different dynamics. Political events have a lower impact on the decrease in the number of tourists and have an effect over a longer period. It seems that after a period of a twofold decrease in the number of tourists – firstly, because of the revolution, and secondly, because of attacks after 2016, Tunisia has entered a period of prosperity in tourism, as evidenced by data for 2017–2018. However, after the record-breaking year 2019, the first quarter of 2020 began under the sign of the Coronavirus pandemic, and tourism around the world is facing a period of stagnation.
A Facility-based Study of Preauricular Sinus Among Adults in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sogebi OA , Oyewole EA
Published: March 2021

Background: Preauricular sinus (PAS) is common among the blacks and it presents in different manners. The perceptions of adult patients with PAS may influence the management strategies deployed.

Objectives: To determine the perceptions of adult patients who have PAS about the disorder and describe the modalities of presentation.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the ENT Clinics over nine months. Using a questionnaire, socio-demographic information, perception of patients on the cause, concerns, modality of treatment, inclination to surgery and perceived complications of surgery were explored. Examination findings of the sinuses, including results of audiological investigations were recorded.

Results: The prevalence of PAS was 7.4% (56/754) and the mean age of the subjects was 43.9±10.6 years. Multiple causes of PAS were perceived by 58.5% of the patients, 13.2% were not concerned but intermittent symptom was experienced by 43.3% of the patients. More than half (52.8%) believed the sinus could be treated medically with drugs, 86.8% perceived complications from surgical excision while 73.6% abhorred surgical excision. Half of the PAS was in the left ear while 11.3% were bilateral. Audiological evaluation revealed 46.4% of patients had evidence of sensorineural hearing loss while 56.5% had abnormal middle ear functions.

Conclusions: Some adult patients had wrong perceptions of PAS and most patients abhorred surgical excision. The clinical presentations were mostly of the classical type, with almost two-thirds violated. There may be a need for genetic studies on PAS in future research.
Infantile Masturbation in a Nigerian Child: A Case Report of a Rare Seizure Mimic
Authors: Ubuane PO , Salisu MA , Oyinlade AO , Akinola AO
Published: March 2021

Infantile masturbation is a benign, paroxysmal, non-epileptic condition with stereotypic stiffening of the body/limbs, copulatory-like thrusting/rocking of the pelvis and somatosensory symptoms. It usually occurs without direct genital stimulation thus, making it easily misdiagnosed as epilepsy. A 12-month-old girl presented with a one-month history of 'jerking' with no fever or altered consciousness. The event usually stopped with distraction. The frequency and duration of events worsened progressively. Epilepsy was suspected initially but a subsequent review of a video recording showed a conscious female child with intermittent rhythmic rocking/thrusting of the pelvis while lying prone, making epilepsy unlikely. Infantile masturbation was diagnosed and the parents were counselled on behavioural therapy (distractions). The frequency and duration of the events progressively declined until complete resolution by six years of age. The characteristics of the events remained similar overtime except for occasional tucking of her clothes into her vagina at age five years. This report is accompanied by a review of the relevant literature on infantile masturbation.
Katsooko metsä ihmistä?
Authors: Seppä Tiina
Published: March 2021

Tarkastelen tässä artikkelissa metsää ja ihmisen kommunikaatiota sen kanssa suomalais-karjalais-inkeriläisessä kansanrunoudessa. Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot (SKVR) on laaja ja edustava kokoelma pääasiassa suomalais-karjalais-inkeriläistä, suullisesti välittynyttä runoutta, joka on tallennettu etupäässä 1800-luvulla ja 1900-luvun alkuvuosikymmeninä, mutta sen varhaisimmat runotallenteet ovat 1500-luvulta. Suullisen runon maailma sisältää runsaasti kommunikaatiota ei-inhimillisen kanssa, ja tästä kommunikaatiosta suuri osa tapahtuu elinympäristön luonnonentiteettien kanssa vuoropuhelussa. Runoudessa on runsaasti suoraa dialogia metsän kanssa, ja metsä näyttäytyy siinä omalakisena toimijana, jonka moraliteettia tai tarkoitusperiä ei voida ennustaa saati määrätä. Toisaalta SKVR sisältää runsaasti runoja, joissa runon kertojaminä kertoo kommunikoivansa luonnon entiteettien, esimerkiksi lintujen kanssa, luotettavien ja muuten mahdollisten ihmiskontaktien puuttuessa. Näissä runoissa yhteisöstä vieraantunut saatetaan nähdä anomalisen kykynsä vuoksi erityislahjakkuutena.

Metsä on miesten runoudessa mahdollisen eroottisen kanssakäymisen osapuoli ja naisten huolirunoudessa usein turvapaikka ja luotettu, hyvä toinen. Metsä voi olla naiselle myös omaehtoisen seksuaalisuuden ilmaisemisen paikka. Runoissa ollaan selvillä metsän ja sen entiteettien tietoisesta läsnäolosta: metsä katsoo ihmistä.
Pengaruh Model Inquiry Training Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Elastisitas Dan Hukum Hooke
Authors: Sinaga Beni , R. Manurung Sondang
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry training terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi elastisitas dan hukum hooke. Jenis penelitian yaitu quasi experiment. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI Semester I SMA Negeri 1 Parbuluan yang terdiri dari empat kelas MIA. Sampel penelitian yaitu kelas XI MIA-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen  dan kelas XI MIA-2 sebagai kelas kontrol, masing-masing berjumlah 35 orang yang ditentukan dengan cara cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretes kelas eksperimen 32,00 dan nilai rata-rata pretes kelas kontrol 28,37. Nilai postes di kelas eksperimen memperoleh nilai rata-rata 64,57 dan kelas kontrol 55,62. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji t disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan akibat pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry training terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi elastisitas dan hukum hooke di kelas XI semester I SMA Negeri 1 Parbuluan, dari T.P. 2019/2020.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Taksonomi Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO)
Authors: Halimah Halimah , Untu Zainuddin , Suriaty Suriaty
Published: March 2021

Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengklasifikasikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa berdasarkan Taksonomi Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) pada materi barisan dan deret di MA Negeri 1 Samarinda tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA di MA Negeri 1 Samarinda yang berjumlah 66 orang. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada materi barisan dan deret berdasarkan Taksonomi SOLO. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah soal tes pemecahan masalah dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dari 66 subjek diperoleh 5 siswa dengan kategori kemampuan prastruktural, 15 siswa dengan  kategori kemampuan unistruktural, 29 siswa dengan kategori kemampuan multi-struktural, 14 siswa dengan kategori kemampuan relasional, dan 3 siswa dengan kategori kemampuan kategori abstrak yang diperluas. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa, berdasarkan klasifikasi Taksonomi SOLO, kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas XI IPA di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Samarinda sebagian besar berada pada kategori kemampuan multistruktural yang berarti memenuhi indikator taksonomi SOLO pada tingkatan unistruktural dan  tingkatan multistruktural.
Analisis Kesulitan Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Materi Operasi Hitung Bilangan Pecahan Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Dewi Novita Karina , Untu Zainuddin , Dimpudus Ariantje
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kesulitan-kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi operasi hitung bilangan pecahan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII yang berjumlah 68 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, tes tertulis dan  wawancara. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis berdasarkan tahapan mentranskrip data, memberi kode, mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indikasi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan diantaranya, siswa tidak dapat memahami penjelasan dari guru, saat mengerjakan soal  siswa tampak gelisah dan jawaban beberapa siswa yang acak-acakan serta coretan atau tulisan tidak jelas dan tidak terarah, meskipun jawabannya mendekati benar. Dari hasil analisis, disimpulkan kesulitan-kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi operasi hitung bilangan pecahan yaitu kesulitan dalam menggunakan konsep, kesulitan dalam menggunakan prinsip dan kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah verbal. Temuan lainnya, diketahui bahwa siswa yang memiliki nilai diatas kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) juga mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi operasi hitung bilangan pecahan.
CASE-LAW PRACTICE: ON THE ISSUES OF CORRELATION WITH RELATED NOTIONS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Stetsyk Nazar
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the need for research and formation of a complete and comprehensive concept of case-law practice, which should take into account the tendency of convergence and functional similarity of legal phenomena in modern legal systems. The formation of such a concept implies the needs to define the notions related to case-law practice as well as to designate a correlation with them. Attention is drawn to the importance of defining such related notions, the use of which can lead to terminological confusion and differences in their understanding. Therefore, the correlation with such related notions as judicial practice, case law, judicial precedent is identified. In the broad meaning of the term «judicial practice», which denotes the notion of activity or results of activity of all judicial bodies, it will correlate with the term «case-law practice» as a species notion that is included into the generic notion of judicial practice. In addition, the author takes into account the meaning of the term «judicial practice», used in the Civil law doctrine («jurisprudence constante», «ständige Rechtsprechung», «prajudice», «judicature» etc.), according to which judicial practice is not a set of any decisions in specific cases, but repetitive and stable, as well as not of any judicial bodies, but only of the supreme courts in the leading cases, and which become de facto binding on the lower courts. In this meaning, case-law practice will be the broader notion that includes judicial practice. Case law is also a notion related with case-law practice. Case law covers legal norms formed in the decisions of the supreme courts, and is used primarily in Common law as opposed to statutory law. Case law does not include all decisions and not of all judicial bodies, but only such decisions of the supreme courts that contain legal norms, i.e. binding judicial precedents. Case law does not cover convincing persuasive precedents of the lower courts, which have a recommendatory nature. Therefore, case law is the part of case-law practice, which in addition to case law also includes judicial precedents of the lower courts. It is substantiated that case-law practice is a collective notion that covers a set of judicial precedents, just similarly as the notion of legislation is a collective concept of laws. The distinction between these notions, despite the fact that in most cases the ambiguity of such terms that denote them, is removed by the context of their usage, allows us to clarify the features and nature of case-law practice. Key words: judicial precedent, judicial practice, unity of judicial practice, judiciary, supreme courts, court decision, comparative jurisprudence
Scientific substantiation of technology for manufacturing cylinder of TMZ-450D diesel engine
Authors: Safarova Ludmila , Yamnikov Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

The analysis of complex technology for TMZ-450D diesel cylinder machining is presented. It is emphasized that a billet has a heterogeneous structure and that is why it is in need of ageing. It is proved that equipment rigidity in an acting engineering process is insufficient for the compensation of billet hereditary defects. New equipment with high rigidity is offered and introduced.
The Role of College-Bound Friends in College Enrollment Decisions by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Alvarado Steven Elías
Published: March 2021

This study examines the association between college-bound friends and college enrollment using restricted transcript data from the High School Longitudinal Study. Propensity score matching and school fixed effects models suggest that having close college-bound friends is positively associated with enrolling in college. However, Black and Latino male students are much less likely to benefit from having college-bound friends than others, suggesting that structural and cultural factors that are tied to race, ethnicity, and gender may limit the beneficial potential of friends, especially for these male Black and Latino students. Implications for addressing racial and ethnic disparities in college enrollment and for the role of friends in college enrollment decisions are discussed.
Effects of Family Literacy Programs on the Emergent Literacy Skills of Children From Low-SES Families: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fikrat-Wevers Suzanne , van Steensel Roel , Arends Lidia
Published: March 2021

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate effects of family literacy programs on the emergent literacy skills of children from low socioeconomic status families (0–6) and to establish which program, sample, study, and measurement characteristics moderate program effects. Outcomes of 48 (quasi-)experimental studies covering 42 different programs revealed a medium average effect of Cohen’s d = 0.50 on immediate posttests and a marginal average effect of Cohen’s d = 0.16 on follow-up measures. Together, effects of different moderator variables indicate that children benefit from targeted programs that focus on a limited set of activities and skills and that are restricted to one (training) context. Additionally, we found larger effects in experimental studies and when researcher-developed tests were used. Our outcomes not only provide guidelines for program developers but also call for more longitudinal research that examines how positive short-term changes as a consequence of program participation can be sustained over time.
Music Performance Anxiety Among Undergraduates Piano Majors
Authors: Annisa Auliya Ayu , Milyartini Rita
Published: March 2021

The experience of anxiety when performing music is considered
problematic for musicians of various levels. Feelings of fear and nervousness
when perform music in front of audience also happened in pianist. By knowing
the concept of anxiety, hopes both lecturer and students can reduce this
syndrome. This article aims to determine the characteristics of anxiety that
appear in undergraduates piano majors. Literature review method was conduct to
search information related to MPA on undergraduates piano majors. The results
of this study are MPA in undergraduates piano majors occurs due to internal
factors including gender, lack of practice, perfectionist student character and
piano students’ perceptions of the audience and the future careers and external
factors which include the piano learning process mostly uses a teacher centered
approach, teacher and audience evaluations of piano student performances, and
room conditions.
Buku Panduan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Universitas Iqra Buru, Angkatan XVII
Authors: Hajar Ibnu , Bin-Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar , Susiati Susiati
Published: March 2021

Salah satu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang terkait dengan kurikulum pembelajaran mahasiswa, yakni Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Universitas Iqra Buru telah memulai menetapkan KKN sebagai bagian dari kurikulum dengan menjadikannya sebagai Mata Kuliah KKN. Keberadaan program KKN dapat meningkatkan partisipasi Universitas Iqra Buru dalam menangani permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada di masyarakat dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peran Universitas Iqra Buru dalam kontribusi nasional. Buku pedoman KKN ini disusun sebagai pelaksanaan kegiatan Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi, khususnya darma Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat yang berupa KKN bagi mahasiswa Uniqbu. Di samping itu, buku pedoman ini diharapkan dapat membantu terciptanya sinergi dan komitmen bersama antara para mahasiswa, Dosen Pembimbing Lapangan (DPL), Pembimbing Lapangan (LP), dan Tim KKN LPPM Uniqbu dalam melaksanakan program KKN. Buku ini masih bersifat umum sehingga perlu dibuatkan khusus sesuai dengan model KKN yang akan dilaksanakan.
DESKRIPSI PENGUKURAN, PENILAIAN DAN EVALUASI
Authors: Makbul M
Published: March 2021

Deskripsi Pengukuran, Penilaian Dan Evaluasi merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk mengevaluasi pembelajaran, perbedaan yang mendasar dari ketiga variabel tersebut menarik untuk diketahui agar dapat mengukur hasil belajar dengan tepat, hal ini merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk diketahui oleh pendidik
Peran Relawan dalam Memberikan Pendampingan kepada Anak Penderita Kanker dan Keluarganya
Authors: Kurniawan Gabriel Stephen
Published: March 2021

Analisis Jurnal yang berjudul Peran Relawan dalam Memberikan Pendampingan kepada Anak Penderita Kanker dan Keluarganya ini ditulis untuk kepentingan Tugas Bahasa Indonesia. Dalam artikel ini dijelaskan cara menangani pasien anak yang terkena Kanker dan macam peran dan tugas relawan di bidang PSM.
How Concentrated are Police on Crime? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Concentration of Police Presence and Crime
Authors: Dau Philipp M. , Vandeviver Christophe , Dewinter Maite , Witlox Frank , Beken Tom Vander
Published: March 2021

Purpose Police patrol has undergone an evidence-based and data driven transition in the beginning of the 21st century. While crime patterns are well researched, patterns of police presence are not. Despite the abundance of available GPS data, little is known about the spatiotemporal patterns of police forces. Given the paucity of evidence on where everyday policing takes place, we ask: what spatiotemporal patterns of police exist, how do these patterns change over time, and how do these correspond to local crime patterns? Methods Therefore, we analysed more than 77 million GPS signals from 130 police patrol cars and more than 50,000 recorded crimes from 2019.to investigate where and when police patrols are present. All data were geocoded and map matched using high performance computing.Results We found that police, much like crime, concentrates on a small proportion of street segments and that the spatial concentration experiences temporal instability at the micro level. Further, spatiotemporal police presence and its concentration appear to be unrelated to local levels of crime and crime concentration. Conclusions These findings inform police chiefs and researchers alike and enable alterations of patrol deployment in order to refine the spatiotemporal focus of police on local crime. Future considerations are required to research optimal spatiotemporal alignment of police presence to effectively prevent crime.
Folk conceptions of free will: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of psychological research
Authors: Lam Alison
Published: March 2021

The existence of free will has been a subject of fierce academic debate for millennia, still the meaning of the term “free will” remains nebulous. In the past two decades, psychologists have made considerable progress in defining folk concepts of free will. However, this growing body of literature has yet to be reviewed systematically. This systematic review aimed to narratively synthesise primary psychological evidence on folk conceptions of free will, encompassing folk concepts, beliefs, intuitions, and attitudes about free will, to provide a definition grounded in laypeople’s perspective to guide future research. Database searches were conducted following a pre-registered search strategy. A total of 1,368 records were identified through database searching, and 16 additional records were identified through reference mining, author tracing, and contacting authors for unpublished manuscripts. After duplicate removal, ASReview, an open-source machine learning programme, was used to facilitate and optimise abstract screening. Finally, 57 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 18 articles were eligible for inclusion, comprised of 36 studies and 10,176 participants from regions including the United States, Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Turkey, and Germany. The results showed that for ordinary folk, especially the more educated population from the United States, free will is a dynamic construct centred on the ability to choose following one’s goals and desires, whilst being uncoerced and reasonably free from constraints. Results suggesting metaphysical considerations regarding consciousness, dualism, and determinism were inconclusive. The findings provided preliminary support for a psychological model of folk conception of free will. All data and coding are openly shared.
Comparing Entrustment and Competence: An Exploratory Look at Performance-Relevant Information in the Final Year of a Veterinary Program
Authors: Read Emma K. , Brown Allison , Maxey Connor , Hecker Kent G.
Published: March 2021

Workplace-based assessments and entrustment scales have two primary goals: providing formative information to assist students with future learning; and, determining if and when learners are ready for safe, independent practice. To date, there has not been an evaluation of the relationship between these performance-relevant information pieces in veterinary medicine. This study collected quantitative and qualitative data from a single cohort of final-year students ( n = 27) across in-training evaluation reports (ITERs) and entrustment scales in a distributed veterinary hospital environment. Here we compare progression in scoring and performance within and across student, within and across method of assessment, over time. Narrative comments were quantified using the Completed Clinical Evaluation Report Rating (CCERR) instrument to assess quality of written comments. Preliminary evidence suggests that we may be capturing different aspects of performance using these two different methods. Specifically, entrustment scale scores significantly increased over time, while ITER scores did not. Typically, comments on entrustment scale scores were more learner specific, longer, and used more of a coaching voice. Longitudinal evaluation of learner performance is important for learning and demonstration of competence; however, the method of data collection could influence how feedback is structured and how performance is ultimately judged.
Amyand’s Hernia Presenting as a Scrotal Abscess – A Rare Presentation in a Newborn
Authors: Agarwal Prakash , Reddy Vadyala Akshita , Agarwal Prakash , Ramasundaram Madhu , Sundaram Jegadeesh , Barathi Selvapriya
Published: March 2021

A 26-week-old extreme preterm boy presented with a right hemiscrotal abscess. An ultrasound of the scrotum suggested right epididymo-orchitis. The abscess was drained and appropriate intravenous antibiotics were initiated. One month later, he was diagnosed with a right sided irreducible inguino-scrotal swelling, confirmed as bilateral inguinal hernia with herniating bowel loop on ultrasonography. With this diagnosis, he was planned to undergo a bilateral herniotomy. Intraoperatively, an inflamed and perforated appendix was found herniating into the right sac. The tip of the appendix was adherent to the scrotal wall, where the pus was extruding out. Appendicectomy and bilateral herniotomy was done successfully and histopathology revealed acute appendicitis. Baby recovered well postoperatively. Owing to the fragile nature of tissues in neonates, accession of planes was challenging. Amyand’s hernia presenting as a scrotal abscess is extremely rare in newborn infants, and less than 5 cases have been reported till date.
Review of Mexican species of Diradops Townes, with a key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R. , Ruíz Cancino E.
Published: March 2021

A key to Nearctic and Mexican species of the genus Diradops is presented. A new species, D. pulcher sp. n., is described. Distribution of 7 Mexican species of Diradops is given; D. diora Ugalde & Gauld and D. yovera Ugalde & Gauld are recorded from Mexico for the first time.
A new species of the genus Xorides from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Khalaim A.I. , Ruíz Cancino E.
Published: March 2021

Xorides rubrator sp. n. is described from northern Mexico.
ŚWIĘTA, ŚWIĘTY – CHARAKTERYSTYKA PORÓWNAWCZA OBRAZÓW SKOJARZENIOWYCH
Authors: Niećko-Bukowska Bożena
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on comparative characteristics of associative images of female and male saints. The study was aimed to reconstruct and compare associative representations. The respondents were 80 students of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The methods used in the study included a “but-test” (X is A, but…) and a free association test. The data collected (received from respondents) for a saint-woman demonstrate that she is frequently attributed with features such as e.g., humble, merciful, virtuous/chaste, while a saint-man is typically presented as: strong, principal, adamant. The image of a female and male saint may strongly depend on the general image of a woman and man (respectively). According to the participants of the present study, both female and male saints have common attributes. Features of a saint include: goodness, altruism, helpfulness, devotion to God and faith, making miracles, courage, high-mindedness, serenity and humility.
KURZWÖRTER IM DEUTSCHEN RAKETENUND ARTILLERIEWORTSCHATZ: STRUKTURELLE UND TRANSLATORISCHE ASPEKTE
Authors: Sobczak Michał
Published: March 2021

This his article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of German abbreviations used in the field of artillery and rocket industry and their Russian equivalents registered in a specialized translation dictionary published in 1982. The analytical part of the paper is preceded by a theoretical background, in which selected problems and inconsistencies within the definition of acronyms and abbreviations are touched upon. Then, lexicographical problems of the lexical units in question are pointed out. The article concludes with possible translation solutions of the analyzed abbreviations and acronyms.
THE PUNCH AND JUDY SHOW: ITS HISTORY AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Hill Trevor
Published: March 2021

Punch and Judy is a traditional form of puppet theatre widely known in the United Kingdom and certain other English-speaking countries. As part of the national culture for over 350 years it has featured in numerous works of art, particularly in literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Being generally less well-known beyond Britain, it may be problematic for readers encountering references to the show in English literature, such as the works of Dickens and Conrad. This paper provides an overview of the show, a short history and a description of certain aspects of historical and social change within the tradition.
POLSKA, KTÓREJ NIE MA (BORIS AKUNIN, DOKĄD PŁYNIEMY?, LATAJĄCY SŁOŃ)
Authors: Zywert Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the image of Poland in the times of partitions as presented in the works by Boris Akunin on the basis of the stories entitled Where Shall We Go? andThe Flying Elephant. This image is created with the use of space (as well as sensory) mapping through the presence of toponyms, names of dishes considered to be typically Polish (the geography of taste), interweaving the text with Polonisms and (sometimes spelled in the Latin alphabet) Polish words, Polish surnames, references to religious and national stereotypes. Despite its entertaining convention (the collage of action and detective novels enriched with some elements of steampunk) the image of Poland sketched in the analyzed works is relatively credible and devoid of superpower pathos. Akunin does not exaggerate and balances the proportions between type and stereotype by dint of showing that the official political area does not reflect the real lives of coexisting communities.
BETWEEN WOR(L)DS... OR COMPLETELY LOST IN TRANSLATION? O WSPÓŁCZESNYCH „TŁUMACZENIACH” TYTUŁÓW MEGAPRODUKCJI FILMOWYCH. OD WIRUJĄCEGO SEKSU (1987) PRZEZ MINIONKI (2010-2017) DO PRZEŁĘCZY OCALONYCH (2016)
Authors: Poluszyński Bartosz
Published: March 2021

In the present article, entitled Between Wor(l)ds... OR completely lost in translation? On contemporary “translations” of the titles of film blockbusters. From “Wirujący seks” (1987) and “Minionki” (2010-2017) to “Przełęcz ocalonych” (2016), its author – being a philologist, a linguist, a translation-studies researcher, and a regular picturegoer, takes into practical consideration selected translations (mainly from English into Polish) of several dozen film blockbusters having been produced in the last 20 years. On the basis of available resources, which are relatively few regarding the matter in question, the author makes an attempt at identifying and defining a range of formal and informal criteria in accordance with which English-language film titles are typically translated (“translated”?) into Polish, and then he tries to evaluate the adequacy of such film title translations against the original ones. The considerations are primarily made from a philological perspective (mainly lexical), including the corresponding cultural issues that might have affected the translation process. The analysis also embraces the increasingly significant commercial aspect present in the contemporary cinematography, in view of which a film these days is first of all a product that needs to be sold at a huge profit to the international clientele.
TRANSLATION ERRORS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INTERFERING INFLUENCES ON UKRAINIAN ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Kharchuk Liliia Valeriivna
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes one of the periods of the Ukrainian electric power engineering system development (period of distortion) with the purpose of detecting typical errors in translation of terminology from Russian into Ukrainian. To date, scientific and academic literatures remain Russified; a violation of linguistic norms on the lexical and derivational levels is quite common. We consider that recommendations of linguists concerning academic and technical translations will be valuable for specialist in the electric power industry and will contribute to a harmonious development of Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology.