bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Moore George E.
Published: February 2007

Success in establishing human lymphoid cell lines from patients with various genetic, infectious, and malignant disorders and from normal persons has facilitated many new avenues of research. Most lymphoid cell lines seem to remain stable for months and years and can be preserved in cell banks. The cells maintain many specific characteristics and produce at least 10 identifiable cell products. The continuing synthesis of immunoglobulins is of great interest to immunologists.

It is possible to culture kilogram quantities of lymphoid cells for biochemical experiments. Large amounts of cells are useful for studies of lymphocyte‐tumor cell interaction and the possible treatment (lymphocytotherapy) of certain infections and malignancies.
Breast cancer staging systems
Authors: Watson Francis R. , Glass Robert L.
Published: February 2007

Eight breast cancer staging systems are compared with one another by means of a check list. Of the 48 items in the check list only one item is used by all systems. There are 29 items, each of which is employed by only one system. It can readily be noted that much of the difficulty in converting stages from one system to another is due to the differences in the precision of wording rather than in concepts. The proffered check list allows one to stage any breast cancer, in the eight systems simultaneously, in a simplified manner.
Radical local excision in the treatment of malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle (The Tikhov‐Linberg operation): Report of a case
Authors: Peltier Leonard F.
Published: February 2007

A patient with secondary chondrosarcoma of the scapula complicating diaphyseal aclasia treated by resection of the shoulder girdle by the method of Tikhov‐Linberg is reported. Good function in the dependent arm and hand were preserved. This technique of radical local excision for tumors of low grade malignancy about the shoulder girdle is occasionally a desirable alternative to an interscapulothoracic amputation.
The question of “preneoplastic” lesions
Authors: Dao Thomas L.
Published: February 2007

Hyperplastic nodules developing in the liver and the mammary gland have been frequently associated with the appearance of neoplasia in these tissues. The question whether hyperplastic nodules, a benign lesion as such, may indeed progress into neoplasia is not yet settled. Evidence supporting the designation of hyperplastic alveolar nodules as ‘preneoplastic’ in the carcinogenesis of the mammary gland as well as those refuting it is presented. We suggest three possible ways the normal mammary cells undergo changes after exposure to a carcinogenic agent.
Immunologic response to melanoma of sensitized perfused bone and spleen
Authors: Nolan P. , Norton L. , Abernathy C. , Pierce G. , Eiseman B.
Published: February 2007

A B16 mouse melanoma which will not grow in tissue culture was implanted subcapsularly in 12 isolated perfused pig spleens and subperiosteally in four perfused pig femurs. Tumor implants grew to a maximum 3‐mm size within five to seven days. Metastases developed within the substance of the spleen but not within bones during the 7 to 15 day perfusions. The protective effects of perfustate, concentrated perfusate cells, and suspensions of spleen cells were determined by injecting the fluid fractions simultaneously with melanoma in 25 mice. Concentrated perfusate cells and splenic cells from perfusions over 10 days characteristically prolonged the mean time of tumor appearance and mean survival time of mice inoculated with melanoma. The possible immunologic mechanisms responsible for such protection are discussed.
Multiple arterial infusions with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Djalaly A. , Johnson E. C. , Davis H. L. , Ramirez G. , Wirtanen G. W. , Ansfield F. J.
Published: February 2007

Between 1964 and 1969, 24 patients were treated with multiple intra‐arterial 5‐FU infusion. A total of 64 infusions were used: 19 received 2 infusions, 2 received 3, and the remaining 3 patients received 5, 6, and 9 infusions, respectively. The catheter was placed percutaneously through the brachial artery. The criteria for improvement included at least 6 cm decrease in distance of the liver edge from the xiphoid or costal margin, a 50% decrease in the abnormal enzyme studies, a return of elevated bilirubin levels to normal so that jaundice disappeared, and all these responses continued for at least 2 months. Inpatients were treated with 5‐FU, 25 mg/kg/day × 4, then 15 mg/kg/day for 17 days at which time the catheter was removed. Outpatients received 500 mg daily in 140 ml 5% dextrose and 2,500 units heparin daily for 90 days, and then the catheter was removed. Following the termination of each infusion, the patient was given weekly intravenous doses of 5‐FU at 15 mg/kg. After several months, with reactivation of the disease, the intraarterial infusion was repeated. Minimal toxicity and morbidity occurred and there were no deaths. In 24 patients. 56 or 87.6% of the 64 courses of infusion met our criteria of improvement. The average duration of infusion response was 7.2 months. Overall average survival from initiation of infusion therapy was 19.7 months.
A comparative study of palliative resections for gastric carcinoma
Authors: El‐Domeiri Ali A. , Knapper William H. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

Of 449 patients with carcinoma of the stomach seen at Memorial Hospital over a span of 10 years, 80 had palliative gastric resection. Forty‐six had residual gross disease and thirty‐four had microscopic cancer at the margins of the specimen. The postoperative mortality rate was 17.5%. The duration of palliation averaged two thirds of the survival time with 91% of the patients developing late complications.

The outcome of any palliative reaction in patients with gastric cancer depends on the location and extent of the disease. Distal subtotal gastrectomy should be performed only in the absence of extensive intra‐abdominal spread or ascites. The high mortality and the poor results of total gastrectomy and esophagogastrectomy preclude their application.
Bronchogenic cancer, sepsis and survival
Authors: Lawton R. L. , Keehn R. J.
Published: February 2007

There is much speculation concerning the effect of post‐operative sepsis (empyema) on the course of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Most reported series include only a few patients with short follow‐up. This paper reports a series of over 900 cases of resectable bronchogenic carcinoma who have been followed carefully for five years. At each time interval reported, even excluding the 30‐day mortality, the patients who did not experience infection had a better outlook. The differences are not statistically significant, and lend no support to the apparent increased survival associated with infection and bronchogenic carcinoma.
Alterations of blood sugar and plasma insulin after cryosurgery of functioning islet‐cell tumor
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Myers Richard S. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Hammond William G.
Published: February 2007

Cryosurgical destruction of a functioning islet‐cell tumor was performed in hamsters. The mean blood sugar in tumor‐bearing animals before freezing was 67 mg per 100 ml. Four hours after tumor destruction it was 137 mg per 100 ml, and by 24 hours after treatment it was 110 mg per 100 ml. Respective mean plasma insulin values were 95 μU/ml, 33μU/ml, and 55 μU/ml, the normal range being 22 to 56 μU/ml. Blood sugar and plasma insulin levels were similarly affected after treatment in both cured animals and in those which later developed tumor recurrence or metastases. However, after the appearance of recurrent tumor or metastases. blood sugar and plasma insulin followed the course seen in untreated animals. The number of animals remaining free of recurrent tumor varied with the size of the probe tip used for cryonecrosis. Localized in situ tumor destruction controlled the hypersccretion of this functional endocrine malignancy.
5‐methyl‐cytidine as an inhibitor of spontaneous cancer in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry
Published: February 2007

Three nucleosides, found in a specially prepared liver emulsion (Mittelman), are inhibitors of the growth of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice. The present data demonstrate that 5 methyl cytidine when used in the same molar concentration (0.02) as it is found in the liver emulsion is a powerful inhibitor of spontaneous adenocarcinomata irrespective of age of the cancer proband. More inhibition is obtained in mice between 9 and 12 months of age than between 5 and 8 months. The later appearing tumors (at 9–12 months) grow faster in the controls than those which develop between 5 and 8 months of age. It is reasonable to conclude that 5 methly cytidine has a more inhibitory action on fast growing tumors than upon slower growing ones. However, this inhibitory difference may be mediated somehow or other by a “transmissible entity” or by some other secondary mechanism associated with the aging process. The present series of experiments suggests the possibility that by the simultaneous or tandem use of several nucleosides a broader effect of an inhibitory action on cancer in mice may be forthcoming.
An analysis of cylindroma of the head and neck
Authors: Steinhoff Neil G. , Harris Hugh S. , Hori Jose
Published: February 2007

There were 30 cases of cylindroma at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital from 1940 to 1969. Of these 30 cases, 22 were seen initially at Ellis Fischel. Fourteen patients died of cylindroma; the average survival from diagnosis to death was 66 months. Reappearance occurred in 20 of the 30 cases, with the interval between the first reappearance of tumore being 32 months. Tumor was located in the major salivary gland in 9 cases, minor salivary gland in 8 cases, and paranasal sinuses in 3 cases. Tumor frequently invaded bone, became fixed to surrounding structures, and not infrequently metastasized widely. Treatment consisted of surgery and/or radiation therapy. Of the 22 cases seen initially at Ellis Fischel, 16 were pure cylindromas, 2 were mixed with mucoepidermoid, 1 was mixed with adenocarcinoma, and 3 were mixed with epidermoid carcinoma. Four patients were cured of their cylindormas, as determined by survival at 10 or more years. All these cures were arrived at through surgical extirpation of the tumor. Radiotherapy and infusion chemotherapy gave good palliation but no cures. Adequacy of margin around the tumor was the single most important factor in cure. It is found that biopsy of the tumor did not alter survival. Patients with parotid tumors did much better than tumors located in other areas. Fixation of the tumor mass did not alter survival and nodal involvement was an ominous sign. The study indicated the way to improve survival was by resecting the tumor re‐resecting until all margins are adequate.
The role of irradiation in breast carcinoma
Authors: Kagan A. Robert , Nussbaum Herman , Reddi P. R.
Published: February 2007

The literature on the role of irradiation in breast carcinoma was reviewed in detail. Routine postoperative irradiation of breast cancer has not altered the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast. Various classifications of breast cancer, including AJC, UICC, Haagensen, and M. D. Anderson, are discussed in detail and differences outlined in Table II. The clinical stages of cancer of the breast are outlined in Table III. Stage I is essentially operable; Stage III is essentially inoperable. It is in Stage II that preoperative irradiation should be considered, although at present untested. The future role of irradiation in cancer of the breast is in the preoperative treatment of operable Stage II lesions, and in the early lesion which, perhaps, can be treated with preservation of the breast. Small doses of irradiation for breast cancer are not recommended.
Erythropoietic response of the neonatal rat to hypertransfusion and erythropoietin (Ep)
Authors: Cantor Linda N. , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

A sustained state of plethora cannot be induced in neonatal rats by intraperitoneal injections of RBC. On the other hand, erythropoiesis is markedly and rapidly suppressed by intra‐cardiac injections of RBC. The data suggest that administration of Ep to such animals results in a two‐fold action: an early release of reticulocytes followed by a true stimulation of erythropoiesis.
Effect of syngeneic tumor tRNA on MOPC 315 myeloma in BALB/cCR mouse
Authors: Brugarolas A. , Takita H. , Elias E. G. , Mittelman A. , Luch J.
Published: February 2007

Experimental tumor immunotherapy using syngeneic histiocytes and tumor tRNA was carried out on MOPC 315 transplantable myeloma of BALB/cCR mouse. Syngeneic histiocyte‐tumor tRNA complex demonstrated strong cytotoxic effects against MOPC 315 cells in vitro. Administration of this complex resulted in prolongation of survival in the tumor‐bearing mice. Injection of syngeneic tumor tRNA alone apparently caused tumor growth enhancement.
Experimental bladder carcinogenesis — using cigarette smoke condensate in the rat bladder
Authors: Wagle Datta G. , Lee Jungeon
Published: February 2007

The human and experimental evidence with carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other active products in the genesis of bladder cancer nevertheless demonstrates the urgent need for an epidemiologic analysis of worker groups occupationally exposed to such chemicals. Sections of the general population may also inhale or ingest such chemicals with cigarette smoking or the drinking water polluted with industrial effluents. The present studies noted bladder tumor induction after cigarette smoke condensate exposure. However, the incidence was not great and suggests that time of exposure and other as yet unidentified tumor promoting co‐factors were not present.
Effect of halothane and cyclopropane anesthesia on the pha response of lymphocytes
Authors: Lo Gerfo P. , Hsu C. C. S.
Published: February 2007

Halothane and Cyclopropane anesthetics had little or no effect on the immune competence of lymphocytes as measured by their response to PHA. These results again demonstrate the rapid irreversibility of the cellular effects of these anesthetics and suggest that the inhibition of the immune response seen in post operative patients is related to serum factors yet undermined.
Mesenchymoma of the mandible
Authors: Muldoon C. J.
Published: February 2007

An unusual mandibular tumor described by the eminent bone tumor specialist Dr. L. Lichenstein as a mesenchymoma is described in a seven year old African girl. Successful resection of the neoplasm and the eventual reconstruction of the defect six months later are described. Shortly the patient will have the splint removed and be fitted with a dental prosthesis for functional and aesthetic purposes.
Reimplantation of autogenous parathyroid tissue: An experimental study
Authors: Matsuura Hidehiro , Sako Kumao , Marchetta Frank C.
Published: February 2007

Four different techniques of parathyroid gland reimplantation into muscle were studied in 38 dogs following total parathyroidectomy. The types of autotransplants were whole gland, minced glandular tissue, thin slices 0.3 mm or less, and thick slices 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm. The animals were followed for four months. Parathyroid function was evaluated by serum calcium and phosphorus determinations. Graft sites were extirpated two months after re‐implantation and studied histologically. The thin slice technique was found to be most successful of the four techniques studied.
Skin test in bronchogenic carcinoma: I. Correlation of the immunological status and the extent of the disease
Authors: Takita Hiroshi , Brugarolas Antonio
Published: February 2007

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction of 58 consecutive cases of bronchogenic carcinoma was studied by skin tests. None of the patients with excellent skin reaction was found to have hematogenous metastasis. All patients with negative skin reaction had hematogenous metastasis and all but two such patients died within 2 months. Patients with localized tumors or lymph node metastases appear to maintain competent delayed hypersensitivity reaction and a move toward more aggressive approaches in treating the patients in this group is proposed. It is suggested that skin testing in bronchogenic carcinoma could provide useful information of the extent of the tumor and immunological status of the patients, and should, therefore, be included in routine work‐ups.
Cervical neuromas following extensive maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Graham William P.
Published: February 2007

Amputated branches of the cervical plexus may develop neuromas within the area of a radical neck dissection. At times these are palpable and are thought to be recurrent tumor. The distinction between recurrent tumor and neuroma cannot be made easily. Many patients who have extensive maxillofacial surgery have discomfort or neuromas within the operated area postoperatively. Five patients have been found to have palpable neuromas within their cervical operative field, but 84% (42/50) had painful neurological symptoms or unusually sensitive areas within the area of previous surgery. Only a third of this latter group had recurrent tumor.
Immunologic studies in lymphoma and leukemia, and exploration of antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Sokal Joseph E.
Published: February 2007

Prospective studies, conducted over a period of years, have demonstrated that survival with malignant lymphoma or chronic leukemia correlates with the status of patients' cellular immune reactivity. BCG vaccination can stimulate cellular immune responses of patients with well‐controlled neoplastic disease, and repeated vaccination with BCG‐cell mixtures induces both delayed hypersensitivity to antigens of the vaccine mixtures and general stimulation of this class of immune responses. An exploratory trial of immunologic stimulation in chronic myeloctyic leukemia has yielded unequivocally favorable results, and it appears that immunotherapy may contribute significantly to the control of several types of human neoplastic disease.
Current therapy approaches of the division of cancer treatment with emphasis on pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Carter Stephen K.
Published: February 2007

This paper outlines the background of the National Cancer Institute clinical drug testing program and introduces current concepts for integrating this program into disease‐oriented combined modality approaches to the primary treatment of cancer. The combined modality thrust involves chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiotherapy and is illustrated by treatment protocols for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas developed by the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group organized by the NCI Division of Cancer Treatment. One study seeks a controlled evaluation of postoperative treatment with 5‐Fluorouracil and supervoltage radiation for improving disease‐free interval and survival in ductal, acinar, and undifferentiated variety of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The other study compares the effectiveness of high‐dose radiation alone or with 5‐FU and medium‐dose radiation plus 5‐FU in localized but unresectable disease. A number of other combined modality approaches planned or in progress within the National Cancer Institute are briefly discussed.
Complete regression of metastatic tumors of the adult with antimitotic treatment
Authors: Pommatau E. , Brunat M. , Mayer H. , Dargent M.
Published: February 2007

We have presented 7 patients in whom metastatic carcinoma regressed by chemotherapy alone. They are well without evidence of disease for 5 to 10 years. The patients include 4 embryonal carcinoma of the testis, 1 uterine chorioepithelioma, 1 prostatic sarcoma, and 1 trabeculo‐follicular epithelioma of the thyroid. They received 1 or more courses of chemotherapy (trenimon or nitromin alone, or triple association actinomycin D, methotrexate, and cytoxan). We cannot explain why these are apparently cured and why others, treated with the same drugs, had no regression at all. No immunological studies were done.
Colorectal carcinoma in the first twenty‐five years of life
Authors: Pissiotis C. A. , Gulesserian H. P. , Condon R. E.
Published: February 2007

A review of 17 patients under 25 years of age suffering adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum indicates that the disease is characterized by sudden onset, short duration of symptoms, early dissemination and a high grade of malignancy. The ultimate prognosis and survival is poor.
Adenoacanthoma of the appendix
Authors: Schulte W. J. , Pintar K. , Schmahl T.
Published: February 2007

A case report is made of a 91 year old veteran who presented with a small bowel obstruction at the ileocecal valve secondary to an adenoacanthoma at the base of the appendix. The tumor was removed with the right colon and the patient has done well to the present (one year follow‐up).

A short review of the theory of the origin of the squamous component is presented. There is a brief discussion of the clinical material that suggests these tumors have a response similar to an adenocarcinoma of the colon and should be treated as such.
The intercostobrachial nerve in radical mastectomy
Authors: Assa Jacob
Published: February 2007

Preservation of the intercostobrachial nerves during radical mastectomy for cancer of the breast was found to be rewarding. Of 46 mastectomies, 13 so treated were free of throbbing and paraesthesia sensations, while the other 33 had mild to severe complaint. The operative technique is described.
Carcinoembryonic‐like antigen in the urine of patients with carcinoma of the bladder and normal controls
Authors: Guinan Patrick , Ablin Richard J. , Sadoughi Nader , Bush Irving M.
Published: February 2007

The urine and plasma of 16 patients with carcinoma of the bladder, and 27 normal individudls were studied for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). An attempt was made to determine whether urine CEA‐like antigens are filtered by the kidney or shed directly by the bladder tumor itself. There were elevated levels of CEA in the plasma of patients with bladder tumors. The urine of patients with bladder carcinoma had significantly higher levels of CEA‐like antigen than the urine of normal individuals. These same bladder tumor patients did not have a positive correlation between their plasma CEA and the urine CEA‐like antigen levels. It appears from these findings that urinary carcinoembryonic‐like antigen is shed directly into the urine and not filtered by the kidneys.
The problem stoma
Authors: Helsper James T.
Published: February 2007

A new method of correcting a tracheal stoma stricture is presented. It utilizes silastic tubes of rubber‐like properties. Increasing sizes are worn to dilate gradually the strictured stoma. The stoma is then maintained by the largest “stomal button” indefinitely. There was practically no irritation or inflammation in a series of 35 patients with problem stomas, and in no case was there failure to correct the microstomia.
Restoration of immunologic memory in the tumor‐bearing mouse
Authors: Humphrey Loren J. , Boehm O. Robert , Fetter David
Published: February 2007

Using C3H/HeHa mice and a transplanted methylcholanthrene sarcoma induced in this strain, the effect of simple and radical amputation of the tumor‐bearing leg on tumor immunity was evaluated. Radical amputation of the tumor‐bearing leg removed the protective effect upon subsequent tumor challenge while immunity was present in mice submitted to only simple amputation of the tumor‐bearing leg. However, radical amputation of the contralateral normal leg resulted in failure to demonstrate protection to subsequent challenge. These data suggest that severe stress is the cause of lack of demonstrable immunity in these mice.

Restoration of immunity was attempted by injecting a tumor vaccine after radical amputation. When injected immediately after the operative stress, no immunity to tumor was seen. On the other hand, if the vaccine was injected 12 days after operation, protection once again was demonstrated.
Intravenous hyperalimentation for the onco‐surgical patient
Authors: Assa Jacob , Schramek Alfred , Barzilai Ami , Weisz George M.
Published: February 2007

The present paper deals with caloric and protein supply for the onco‐surgical patient. The technique of total intravenous hyperalimentation, described by Dudrick, was used in 85 patients in our surgical service. Among them were several onco‐surgical cases in which a normal life was expected following the acute hypermetabolic state.

The technique of preparation and administration of the I.V.H. is presented. Two illustrative cases are described in detail and the rationale for the use in onco‐surgical cases is discussed.
Why do basal cell carcinomas recur (or not recur) following treatment?
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: February 2007

There seem to be two types of recurrences of basal cell carcinoma ‐ those due to regrowth of residual tumor (residual tumor recurrence) and those due to growth of a new independent tumor (new tumor recurrence). Twelve examples of residual tumor recurrence and three of new tumor recurrence are briefly presented. Also two examples of nonrecurrence of basal cell carcinoma following incomplete surgical removal are outlined. False negative and false positive pathological reports occasionally occur, and some basal cell carcinomas may show residual tumor recurrence years after the primary treatment.

These findings suggest that there is more to the treatment of certain basal cell carcinomas than wide local excision or local destruction.
The surgical management of cancers of the cheek
Authors: Bakamjian Vahram Y.
Published: February 2007

Despite advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, radical surgery still remains by far the single most effective means for controlling advanced cancers of the cheek, including their local extensions and regional metastases into lymph nodes. The destructive and incapacitating nature of radical extirpative management, however, is prohibitive unless they can be neutralized by the judicious application of reconstructive techniques for effective, safe, and expeditious rehabilitation.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of the head and neck cancer patient
Authors: Schaaf Norman G. , Carl William
Published: February 2007

The interested general dentist does have an opportunity at times to provide prosthetic rehabilitation services for the head and neck cancer patient who arises in his practice. Also if the dentist is associated with a hospital that does head and neck cancer surgery, he will find that his services will be requested more frequently. Although the scope of maxillofacial prosthetics encompasses many complicated types of prostheses for the head and neck area, the general dentist using equipment and supplies readily available in his office can prepare many kinds of simple oral prostheses. These prostheses can return a patient who is unable to speak, eat, or swallow appropriately back to full function. In addition to providing routine general dental care for these patients it is the responsibility of the dentist to provide these prosthetic rehabilitative prostheses to the head and neck cancer patient in his practice or see to it that the patient is referred to a nearby maxillofacial prosthetic center.
Oral neoplasia: Its significance and behavior
Authors: Natiella Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

An understanding of the behavior of oral malignancy is necessary to insure early detection of this disease by the dentist. Alterations in oral mucosa such as keratotic plaque, erythematous granular erosions, and foci of pigmentation'often demonstrate a microscopic spectrum of epithelial atypia. Of primary concern to the dentist is the fact that carcinoma may mimic periodontal disease and often occurs in inaccessible areas of the mouth such as the base of the tongue. Metastasis occurs more often in lesions over 2 cm in size and studies suggest that a large percentage of patients have positive nodes at the time of initial examination. The dentist's approach to oral malignancy must include adequate examination, proper use of biopsy and cytology techniques, and expeditious referral.
Recurrence patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
Authors: Gilbert Harvey , Kagan A. Robert
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this review is to document patterns of failure with the existing modalities of therapy in carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Most attention is given to regional failure, which is separately divided into primary site and metastatic cervical adenopathy. Survival, stage of the lesion, conversion of the clinically negative neck, and salvage of treatment failure is discussed.

Either with surgery, radiations or combination, the commonest regional failure still remains in the primary site.

Of additional importance is the unexpectedly poor salvage rate of previous treatment failures (16%).

Histologically involved lymph nodes appears to portend a poor prognosis with a high failure rate seen not only in the neck but also in the primary site with or without distant metastases. Nodal involvement indicates mostly the aggressive biological nature of the primary lesion. The most common failing by authors, whose reports had to be excluded from this review, was a preoccupation with survival statistics and a general inattention paid to documenting the specific failure site.
Glycogen metabolism in epidermal wound healing
Authors: Hoopes John E. , Im Michael J. C.
Published: February 2007

Enzymatic cycling methods have been applied to the quantitative measurement of glycogen content during wound healing and utilized for an estimation of the contribution of glycogen to metabolism in association with ischemia. Tissue glycogen accumulated in regenerating epithelium during the fnst 7 days of wound healing. Increasing gradients of glycogen concentration were demonstrated from the marginal epithelium to the distal portions of the migrating epithelium. Glycogen content was increased to 13 times normal in the distal portion of migrating epithelium on day 3 post‐injury. A study of ischemia revealed that the accumulated glycogen appeared to constitute an emergency ration for repairing epithelium and contributed considerably to energy production.
CEA Levels and prognosis in colon carcinoma
Authors: Bivins B. A. , Boyd Carl R. , Meeker William R. , Griffen Ward O.
Published: February 2007

This is a report of the post‐operative follow‐up of CEA titers in 16 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Our results differ from those previously reported in several respects. First, we rarely observed the return of elevated pre‐operative CEA levels to normal within 14 days of curative resection. Second, we have found that CEA levels may be elevated for as long as 3 months in patients clinically free of disease before returning to normal. Third, some patients may maintain elevated CEA titers for 6 months following potentially curative resection without clinical evidence of disease. Finally, we have advanced a tentative hypothesis based on immunologic suppression of residual tumor growth to explain the discrepancy between our findings and those reported by others. These data suggest that failure to detect an early decline in CEA levels to normal may not imply a poor prognosis.
Experimental use of heterologous stroma‐free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) as a whole blood substitute
Authors: Holdefer Wilfred F. , Dowling Edmund A.
Published: February 2007

Normothermic extracorporeal oxygenation and oxygen‐hemoglobin dissociation characteristics of stroma‐free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) were studied. One hour of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, using a total SFHS prime, resulted in arterial pH 7.31 – 7.38, PaO2 120 – 140 mm Hg, SaO2 99%, and mean arterial pressure of 85 mm Hg. One hour after perfusion, the animal died with acute pulmonary edema from severe hemodilution and hypoxemia. Hypothermic (25°C) myocardial metabolism was studied. Myocardial utilization (MU) values for oxygen, lactate, pyruvate, and glucose during SFHS perfusion were 1.46 and 1.71 m1/100 gm/min, +1.01 and +0.08 mg/100 gm/min, −0.32 and −0.04 mg/100 gm/min, and −34.4 and −9.50 mg/100 gm/min. MU values during whole blood perfusion were 2.21 and 2.13 m1/100 gm/min, −5.19 and −2.99 mg/100 gm/min, −0.65 and 0.22 mg/100 gm/min, and −13.7 and −5.32 mg/100 gm/min. These data suggest the necessity of further studies to identify any usefulness of SFHS as a whole blood substitute.
Cutaneous clues to malignant disease
Authors: Helm Frederick , Klein Edmund
Published: February 2007

The association of internal malignancies with cutaneous lesions has long been recognized. Since the skin can be examined easily, the entire integument should be carefully inspected whenever internal malignancy is suspected. Proper interpretation of cutaneous signs may be essential to a fast and accurate diagnosis of internal disease.

A brief review of the cutaneous aspects of internal malignancy is presented, followed by a discussion of skin manifestations in which malignant cells are found in the skin. Also reviewed are nonspecific lesions (vascular reactions, pigmentary changes, hormonesecreting tumors, collagen diseases, etc.) in which no malignant cells are found in the skin but cutaneous changes are frequently enough related to neoplasm to make a complete work‐up mandatory. Genodermatoses, which are associated with an increased incidence of malignancy, are also discussed.
The effect of chronic thoracic duct drainage on cell antigenicity
Authors: Mandel Mark A.
Published: February 2007

The surface antigenic topography of thoracic duct cells is described. The cellular population is a heterogeneous one and accounts for the great variety of immunological functions in which these cells participate. Since the lymphatic system is an important route for tumor dissemination, the identification of circulating cells in the lymph by their antigenic confirmation may prove to be a vehicle for the early detection and treatment of cancer.
Evaluation of cardiac function during adriamycin therapy
Authors: Burg John R. , Moseley H. Stephens , Lindell Thomas D. , Kremkau E. Louise , Fletcher William S.
Published: February 2007

Left ventricular function was assessed in 21 patients treated with adriamycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic known to produce cardiac toxicity. The adriamycin dose utilized consisted of two loading courses (0.4 mg/kg for 3 days) separated by a 4‐day interval, followed by weekly doses of 0.4 mg/kg. The mean cumulative dose was 236 mg/m2 (range 74‐715 mg/m2). No patient developed frank cardiac decompensation during the period of observation. Significant changes in serum creatine phosphokinase levels or chest X‐rays were not seen. Electrocardiographic changes during therapy consisted of premature ventricular contractions and nonspecific ST‐T abnormalities in 4 and 5 patients, respectively. Subclinical alterations in cardiac performance definitely attributable to adriamycin, as evaluated by systolic time interval determinations, were not observed. Only one patient exceeded the critical level of 600 mg/m2 described by other investigators as the point where irreversible cardiac decompensation may occur. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether cardiac toxicity can be predicted by systolic time interval analysis and aborted by early termination of therapy.
Megestrol acetate for treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Johnson Douglas E. , Kaesler Kelly E. , Ayala Alberto G.
Published: February 2007

Thirteen men, ranging in age from 53 to 73 years and with previously untreated metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, received megestrol acetate (a synthetic progestin) in doses of 120 mg daily. A beneficial clinical response with a mean duration of 47 weeks was achieved in 12 patients (92%). When relapse developed in 8 patients, a secondary response was readily obtained by orchiectomy. The results suggest that a staged hormonal approach, using progestin therapy initially, may offer additional palliation in treating patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
Evidence of oncogenic cofactors in radiation‐induced tumors in mice
Authors: Patricio M. B. , Clode W. H. , Ricardo J. A.
Published: February 2007

Five groups of 587 inbred female mice (WHC) were studied to determine the incidence of tumors as affected by irradiation of different areas. A dose of 400 rad of 60Co was given to all the groups. One group of 166 mice was total body irradiated, another group of 90 mice was irradiated in the upper‐third portion of the body, another group of 93 mice was irradiated in the lower two‐thirds of the body, and another group of 90 mice was half body irradiated on the right side. As control, a group of 148 nonirradiated mice was followed. The results showed a different incidence of cancer in mice, depending not only on the irradiated areas but also on the shielded ones. This suggested that other factors besides irradiation affect carcinogenesis.
The role of the spleen and immunity in the metastatic pattern of a murine reticulum cell sarcoma
Authors: Faraci Robert P. , Schour Lionel
Published: February 2007

A reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) which initially metastasizes selectively to the spleen in C3H/HeN mice has been studied. Previous reports indicated that removal of the spleen results in widespread metastases of this tumor. The current experiments utilized a parabiotic system to determine the effect of additional splenic tissue on the gross and microscopic metastatic pattern of this RCS. The results were that the addition of a second spleen in the parabiotic group was followed by a significant decrease in visceral metastases compared with the splenectomized group. Parabiotic animals with splenectomized partners and sham‐operated animals did not significantly differ from control (single) animals, with all three of these poups showing visceral metastatic spread intermediate between the parabiotic and splenectomized groups. The protective effect of additional spleen against visceral metastases was found not to be immunologic, since immunosuppression of mice by irradiation produced a metastatic pattern similar to that of control animals.
Radiologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rösch J.
Published: February 2007

Modern radiology makes possible an accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in about 95% of cases. Conventional upper gastrointestinal study, isotopic scanning, hypotonic duodenography, and ultrasonography are suitable as screening procedures. Special methods of high accuracy — pancreatic arteriography, endoscopic pancreatography, and transhepatic cholangiography are used as needed for definitive diagnosis.
Palatal reconstruction utilizing retrieved forehead flap
Authors: Chambers Robert G. , Cohn Edward S.
Published: February 2007

Ablation of tumors involving the tonsil and retromolar trigone complex often require partial resection of the soft palate. The pharyngeal wall defect is well reconstructed with the forehead flap. We have used the distal portion of the severed inserted forehead flap to reconstruct the soft palate defect successfully in 35 cases. The nasopharyngeal surface is lined with a book‐flap from the remaining palate. This provides full palatal reconstruction with nasopharyngeal mucosa lining; thus preventing flap contracture and the unwanted sequelae of nasopharyngeal air and fluid reflux.
Malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Lokich Jacob J.
Published: February 2007

Five patients with breast cancer and malignant melanoma are reported. Two patients had a third primary malignancy. In 4 out of 5 patients the breast tumor was the initial tumor discovered, and in 4 out of 5 the second tumor evolved metachronously. No specific carcinogenic factor could be established. The low malignancy potential of the melanoma by pathologic criteria may explain the lack of previous reports of this association.
Cervical‐pectoral flaps in the treatment of advanced oral cancer
Authors: Shons Alan R. , McQuarrie Donald G.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐two of 90 patients with carcinoma of the anterior oral cavity treated at the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital from 1965 through 1973 had advanced lesions—tumors attached to the mandible and/or more than 3 cm in size. These patients were treated by primary radical neck dissection, en bloc excision, and segmental mandibulectomy. A cervical‐pectoral flap combination was used for reconstruction. The functional and cosmetic results were excellent. Patient survival and cure rate compare favorably with other series. We emphasize the need for wide initial resection with immediate reconstruction.
Unusual lesions of the parotid gland
Authors: Katz Alfred D.
Published: February 2007

Ten unusual cases of parotid tumors are added to the literature from a series of 318 consecutive parotidectomies. These 10 cases are: 3 branchial cleft cysts; a lipoma; a lymphangioma; a hemangiopericytoma; a Boeck sarcoid; a metastasizing basal cell carcinoma; a lymphoma of the parotid; and a metastatic adenocarcinoma from the left breast to the right parotid. The lymphoma, Case 1, is also an example of some other cranial nerve taking over the function of the facial nerve when it is destroyed in early childhood. Though most tumors of the parotid gland are of the mixed type, many surprising findings are possible. The pathology report may be the first clue to a hidden systemic disease.
Appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and neoplasia
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.
Published: February 2007

Reports in the literature that study the frequency of cancer in individuals who have had their tonsils or appendix or both removed are reviewed. Some investigators found a high incidence of solid cancers—in particular, breast and colon neoplasms—in female patients who have had appendectomy, but others disagreed. The association of tonsillectomy and/or appendectomy with the later development of malignant lymphomas is not proven.
Staging carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Baker Burton H. , Watson Frank R.
Published: February 2007

Presently there are six clinical staging systems in use for carcinoma of the penis. We propose a method which compares these systems by means of a check list type of format. With the aid of this device, any penile carcinoma can readily be staged in terms of all six systems. Advantages of multiple system staging include comparing series of patients which have been discussed only in terms of a single staging system and selecting the appropriate therapeutic modality in terms of the stage of disease.
Rectocolic reconstruction via a modified kraske approach
Authors: Douglass H. O. , Karakousis C. , Holyoke E. D.
Published: February 2007

In carefully selected patients, the sacrococcygeal approach (Kraske's operation) with rectal colostomy can save a patient from abdominoperineal resection without loss of continence. This procedure is also useful in the management of rectal strictures that occasionally occur after leaks from the anastomosis of a low anterior resection of the rectosigmoid colon. Three illustrative cases are presented and discussed.
Cancer of the gastric stump following operations for benign gastric or duodenal ulcers
Authors: Gazzola L. M. , Saegesser F.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐seven patients who developed cancer of the stomach after undergoing gastric resection (GR), gastroenterostomy (GE), and vagotomy and pyloroplasty (VP) for benign gastric or duodenal ulcer are reported. The etiology and the pathogenesis of this type of cancer are discussed. Long‐term exposure of the gastric mucosa to bile and duodenal and pancreatic secretion reflux seems to create a premalignant potential state. Symptoms and the diagnostic methods of radiologic series, cytology, and endoscopy are discussed. We suggest a curative operative approach and discuss the poor value of palliative procedures. We emphasize the necessity of determining the prognosis with exploratory laparotomy which establishes at the same time the certitude of the diagnosis.
Skin test with tumor extract in bronchogenic carcinoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Marabella Patrick C. , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

Tumor‐specific immunity using delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with extract of undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung was evaluated in 25 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the lung. Eight out of 25 patients reacted well to intradermal injection of the tumor extract. All of the 8 patients were found to have limited disease, and their survival times were longer than those with poor reaction.
A human/mouse hybrid model for the study of human genetic factors influencing tumor cell growth
Authors: Koshman Robert W. , Koo Jarley , Thurston Olin G.
Published: February 2007

Somatic cell hybridization (fusion) was carried out between cells of the murine lymphoma L‐5178Y(r) and peripheral human lymphocytes. The L‐5178Y(r) line is deficient in hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphorybosyl transferase (HGPRT). Using a selective medium system, it was possible to isolate hybrid cell clones having the complete complement of murine chromosomes as well as the human X chromosome on which the gene for HGPRT is located. This model system may be used to study the effect of the human X chromosome on the phenotype of the murine lymphoma.
Treatment of disseminated cancer by intravenous hydroxyurea and autogenous bone‐marrow transplants: Experience with 35 patients
Authors: Ariel Irving M.
Published: February 2007

Massive doses of hydroxyurea (Hydrea) were given to 35 patients suffering from different cancers. Protection to the hematopoietic system was obtained by autogenous marrow transfusions.

The clinical response obtained was not considered superior to the results obtained by administering the drug orally over a prolonged period.

The described technique is safe and relatively atraumatic, and it may be advisable to administer a large priming dose by this technique to be followed by smaller maintenance doses of a given anticancer chemotherapeutic agent.
Offsetting toxicity of antineoplastic agents
Authors: Cook Elton S. , Nutini Leo G. , Fardon John C. , Bernadette Proudfoot M. Agnes , Poydock M. Eymard
Published: February 2007

PCO, a yeast extract, offsets at least in part the mitotic inhibitory effect of methotrexate and fluorouracil on bone marrow cells in vitro but increases the antimitotic activity of the drugs on ascites Krebs‐2 carcinoma under similar conditions. In vivo, PCO enhances the action of methotrexate against the L‐1210 lymphoid leukemia and does not interfere with the effectiveness of fluorouracil against the ascites Krebs‐2 tumor.
A computerized tumor‐registry system for persons who do not love computers
Authors: Johnson Ileana C. , Blumenson Leslie E. , Bross Irwin D. J.
Published: February 2007

A new simplified system for updating a cancer registry has been developed in the Biostatistics Department of Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It was designed to serve the needs of maintaining a registry for a cooperative cancer research group. The Data‐Update Procedure at a Remote Terminal (DUPART) system has general value for registry applications.
Colorectal cancer—prognostic signs in “local disease”
Authors: Lerner Harvey J.
Published: February 2007

This detailed review of the clinical and pathologic signs which effect the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The following are reviewed: (1) the degree of cellular anaplasia, (2) local penetration of the bowel wall, (3) lymph‐node spread, (4) venous invasion, (5) perineural invasion, (6) obstruction and perforation, and (7) the number of cm the lesion is located from the anal verge.
Inhibition of melanoma growth in hamsters by type‐2 adenovirus
Authors: Khoobyarian Newton , Barone Frank , Sabet Tawfik , El‐Domeiri Ali A. , Gupta Tapas K. Das
Published: February 2007

Type‐2 adenovirus was shown to inhibit the growth of transplantable hamster melanoma in 70% of Syrian hamsters without any injurious effect to the host. Greatest inhibition of tumor formation was seen when animals were injected with 106 TCD50 of adenovirus and 2.5 × 105 tumor cells, or 106 TCD50 of virus and 5.0 × 105 tumor cells followed either 1 or 7 days later by a second injection of a similar dose of virus. Significant inhibition in tumor growth was also noted when 2 injections of virus (106.2 TCD50/injection) were given on 2 separate occasions as late as 7 and 10 days after the inoculation of tumor cells. The mechanism of tumor inhibition is not known but it could be due to a combination of factors such as viral toxicity, viral oncolysis, and antitumor immunity.