bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Experimental 23Na(α, p)26Mg Reaction Rate for Massive Star and Type Ia Supernova Models
Authors: Hubbard N. J. , Diget C. Aa. , Fox S. P. , Fynbo H. O. U. , Howard A. M. , Kirsebom O. S. , Laird A. M. , Munch M. , Parikh A. , Pignatari M. , Tomlinson J. R.
Published: May 2021

The 23Na(α, p)26Mg reaction has been identified as having a significant impact on the nucleosynthesis of several nuclei between Ne and Ti in Type Ia supernovae, and of 23Na and 26Al in massive stars. The reaction has been subjected to renewed experimental interest recently, motivated by high uncertainties in early experimental data and in the statistical Hauser-Feshbach models used in reaction rate compilations. Early experiments were affected by target deterioration issues and unquantifiable uncertainties. Three new independent measurements instead are utilizing inverse kinematics and Rutherford scattering monitoring to resolve this. In this work we present directly measured angular distributions of the emitted protons to eliminate a discrepancy in the assumptions made in the recent reaction rate measurements, which results in cross sections differing by a factor of 3. We derive a new combined experimental reaction rate for the 23Na(α, p)26Mg reaction with a total uncertainty of 30% at relevant temperatures. Using our new 23Na(α, p)26Mg rate, the 26Al and 23Na production uncertainty is reduced to within 8%. In comparison, using the factor of 10 uncertainty previously recommended by the rate compilation STARLIB, 26Al and 23Na production was changing by more than a factor of 2. In Type Ia supernova conditions, the impact on production of 23Na is constrained to within 15%.
Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae on Dracaena cambodiana from tropical China
Authors: Du Ping , Cao Tian-Xu , Wu Ying-Da , Zhou Meng , Liu Zhan-Bo
Published: May 2021

Two new wood-rotting fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae, Fulvifomes dracaenicolasp. nov. and Hymenochaete dracaenicolasp. nov., are described and illustrated from tropical China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. It is worth to mention that both of them grow on Dracaena cambodiana which is a kind of angiosperm tree distributed in tropical regions. F. dracaenicola is characterised by perennial, pileate, triquetrous basidioma with yellowish brown fresh pores which becoming honey yellow with silk sheening upon drying, a dimitic hyphal system in trama and monomitic in context, and subglobose basidiospores measuring 4.8–5 × 4–4.1 μm. H. dracaenicola is characterised by annual, resupinate basidioma with a clay buff hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal system, absence of tomentum and cortex, presence of subulate setae, absence of cystidia, presence of cystidioles and simple hyphidia, and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5.2–5.8 × 2.5–2.8 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences confirm the placement of two new species respectively in Fulvifomes and Hymenochaete. Phylogenetically closely related species to the two new species are discussed.
Le phrygien, une langue balkanique perdue en Anatolie
Authors: Anfosso Milena
Published: May 2021

À partir d’une réflexion extralinguistique sur le mot phrygien βέκος, « pain », inspirée d’un article de Pietro Vannicelli de 1997, on essaiera de mettre brièvement en évidence l’appartenance du phrygien à la Balkanische Sprachbund , et en particulier le profond lien de parenté génétique avec le grec. Les deux langues sont en effet issues du même milieu linguistique balkanique, mais la migration du peuple phrygien vers l’Anatolie à la fin du ii e  millénaire avant J.-C. interrompt leur continuité géographique. Le phrygien, attesté uniquement par des inscriptions étalées du ix e  siècle avant J.-C. au iii e  siècle après J.-C., devient alors une île linguistique balkanique entourée de plusieurs langues indigènes appartenant au groupe anatolien. Le peuple phrygien s’intègre dans ce milieu, comme les influences culturelles, mais aussi certains traits linguistiques, nous en témoignent. Toutefois les liens avec la langue sœur résistent, devenant même plus forts suite à la progressive hellénisation de la péninsule anatolienne par les Grecs, et nous fournissent à travers les inscriptions le matériel pour étudier à rebours leur parenté génétique.
La guerre d’Eumène II et ses alliés contre Pharnace (182-179 av. J.-C.). Problèmes et lectures géopolitiques des suites du traité d’Apamée
Authors: Payen Germain
Published: May 2021

Quelques années après le traité d’Apamée (188 av. J.-C.), les puissances anatoliennes profitèrent du retrait séleucide pour établir un nouvel équilibre régional. La guerre menée entre 182 et 179 par deux coalitions, regroupant les rois attalide, cappadocien et bithynien, d’une part, et le roi du Pont et un satrape d’Arménie, de l’autre, en fut un moment déterminant. Le traité de paix conclu par ces dynastes en 179, connu par l’intermédiaire de Polybe, est une source importante pour comprendre l’ordre établi à cette occasion. La victoire d’Eumène consacra la position dominante de la dynastie attalide en Anatolie, notamment en Galatie. Plus globalement, les rois et dynastes profitèrent de la situation pour promouvoir leur légitimité sur la scène locale, tandis que la puissante cité de Rhodes resta très en retrait. La zone concernée par les tractations de paix s’étend loin à l’est, jusqu’en Arménie, et au nord, sur la rive septentrionale de la mer Noire. D’un point de vue plus large, le conflit consacra l’autonomie politique de la région à l’égard des puissances séleucide et, surtout romaine. Enfin, plusieurs zones d’ombre, telles que le statut géopolitique de la Galatie ou l’identité politique de Mithridate, satrape d’Arménie, peuvent être en partie éclaircies par la mise en parallèle de ce traité avec d’autres sources.
Méthodes et réflexions du père Ménestrier et des érudits héraldistes. En quête d’un ethos du blason
Authors: Mayaud Guy
Published: May 2021

Les publications héraldiques du xviie siècle se présentent essentiellement sous un jour didactique. Mais elles témoignent aussi d’un effort de réflexion et de méthode en vue de formaliser un ethos de la connaissance et de l’usage des armes au sein des sociétés du Grand Siècle. Cette entreprise de documentation et de théorisation se cristallise dans l’œuvre du père Claude-François Ménestrier dans une perspective résolument pragmatique.
Une pierre d’aimant qui attire tout. L’héraldique au Portugal au XVII e siècle, un savoir disputé
Authors: Metelo de Seixas Miguel
Published: May 2021

Au xvii e  siècle, la production d’ouvrages héraldiques au Portugal fut abondante mais agitée de polémiques. Celles-ci reposaient largement sur la question du monopole des hérauts de la Couronne en la matière. Le savoir héraldique formait alors un discours complexe de justification de l’ordre politique et social, rendant compte de l’image idéale de la société et permettant, en même temps, d’en corriger les défauts. La rivalité entre officiers royaux et particuliers rendait visible l’équilibre précaire entre la Couronne et les différentes forces sociales qui cherchaient à s’approprier cette matière, dans le contexte de l’union ibérique puis, après 1640, dans celui de la restauration de l’indépendance portugaise sous la maison de Bragance.
Une culture du faux. Les frères de Launay, faussaires héraldiques du XVII e siècle
Authors: Delgrange Dominique
Published: May 2021

Dans les Pays-Bas du milieu du XVII e  siècle, les frères Pierre-Albert et Jean de Launay mènent une brillante carrière de faussaires héraldico-généalogiques. Premiers bénéficiaires de leurs forgeries, ils s’inventent des seigneuries, des offices, des ancêtres et des armoiries qui accréditent leur position sociale et l’autorité des certificats et généalogie qu’ils vendent à leurs clients en quête de reconnaissance. La mise en série de ces faux permet de comprendre les stratégies de l’invention et de son déploiement sur des supports multiples, où l’héraldique joue toujours un rôle central.
La constitutionnalisation du droit des étrangers : essai de synthèse
Authors: Tchen Vincent
Published: May 2021

Le bilan de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle en droit des étrangers illustre à sa manière les limites du pouvoir d’interprétation des juges de la rue de Montpensier dans un domaine où l’appareil normatif est pour l’essentiel silencieux. Il révèle par ailleurs une volonté du Conseil constitutionnel de conforter la nature historique d’un droit qui prend à titre principal la forme d’une police administrative et par là même le statut administratif des étrangers. Ce statut n’est pas anodin, car il précarise les droits de valeur constitutionnelle reconnus aux étrangers. Ces droits sont en effet conditionnés au maintien d’une législation et balisés par les nécessités de l’ordre public.
New for Now
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

New products and programs designed to aid the gerontologi e al nurse in caring for clients
New for Now
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

New products and programs designed to aid the gerontological nurse in caring for clients
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY DECLINES
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

MORTALITY RATES
SENIOR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY FORMED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

WORKING SENIORS
ANTI-DIABETES DRUG MARKETED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

PHARMACOLOGY
INCONTINENT ADULTS RESPOND POSITIVELY TO TREATMENT
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

INCONTINENCE
HEALTHCARE HEARING CONDUCTED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

LONG-TERM CARE
PROTOCOLS SET TO CARE FOR AIDS PATIENTS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

HOSPICE
BLOOD DEFICIENCY CAUSE CITED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ANEMIA
SENIOR LEADER CHALLENGES NURSES
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

COMMUNITY HEALTH
UNIFORM RIGHTS OF TERMINALLY ILL ACT APPROVED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

LIVING WILL
HEALTHCARE AGENDA PROGRAM INITIATED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

POLICYMAKING
NOMINATIONS FOR AWARD SOLICITED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

AGING
EXERCISE DELAYS MUSCLE LOSS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

NUTRITION
MILK MAY PREVENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

DISEASE PREVENTION
GAMES AID MEMORY-LOSS PATIENTS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

THERAPY
COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS FUNDED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

GRANT
SPEAKERS ON AGING ISSUES AVAILABLE STATEWIDE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

SPEAKER'S BUREAU
VNA Board of Trustees
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

APPOINTMENT
GSA at New Location
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ASSOCIATION
AARP Looks at Prevention of Elderly Abuse
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

BOOKLET
Safety Manual From National Safety Council Makes Risk Management Easier
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

HANDBOOK
Study Finds Health Declining in Older Population
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

STUDY
Cognitive-Behavioral Skills Building to Alleviate the Mental Health Effects of Bullying Victimization in Youth
Authors: Hutson Elizabeth , Thompson Bradley , Bainbridge Erin , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Warren Barbara Jones
Published: May 2021

Bullying is a long-standing problem with relatively few intervention options for individual youth who have experienced it and have adverse mental health concerns. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation are major consequences of bullying victimization. Although few evidence-based interventions have been put forth to address bullying victimization at the individual level, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive-behavioral skills building (CBSB) have been well researched for mental health concerns in youth. The purpose of the current article is to examine the theoretical framework of cognitive theory for individuals who have experienced bullying. Previous work that has addressed CBT for bullying interventions is described. Specific examples of how CBSB components could be applied to a bullying intervention program for youth are discussed. Ultimately, providing a theoretical framework to address this public health concern sets the stage for future intervention research. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(5), 15–20.]
Nutrición y salud pública: políticas de alimentación escolar en la España contemporánea (1931-1978)
Authors: Trescastro-López Eva María , Bernabeu-Mestre Josep , Galiana-Sánchez M.ª Eugenia
Published: May 2021

El trabajo aborda los antecedentes históricos de las políticas de alimentación escolar en la España del siglo XX, a través del análisis del corpus normativo y de los textos y materiales que generaron organismos nacionales e internacionales que participaron en su implementación. La investigación muestra el impacto que tuvo el contexto internacional y en particular los acuerdos que se alcanzaron durante el primer franquismo con los Estados Unidos y con la FAO y UNICEF, en el desarrollo de dichas políticas. El carácter filantrópico de las primeras cantinas fue sustituido por una creciente implicación del ámbito público, al incorporar la alimentación de los escolares como objetivo de las políticas sanitarias y educativas de la Segunda República. La Ley de Educación Primaria de 1945 permitió la gradual institucionalización de la alimentación escolar. La creación en 1954 del Servicio Escolar de Alimentación y Nutrición y la necesidad de coordinar la ayuda norteamericana facilitaron la implementación de programas como el de Productos Lácteos pro Bienestar Infantil y Social o el de Educación en Alimentación y Nutrición, lo cual permitió implantar el complemento alimenticio en escolares y llevar a cabo un conjunto de actividades educativas coordinadas encaminadas a mejorar su alimentación.
Diversidad morfológica y molecular de los Unionidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) de Portugal
Authors: Reis J. , Machordom A. , Araujo R.
Published: May 2021

Las náyades de la familia Unionidae tienen gran plasticidad fenotípica, lo que se refleja en la forma de su concha. Esta variabilidad morfológica ha sido causa de gran confusión en la taxonomía y sistemática del grupo. Se han estudiado, genética y morfológicamente, numerosas poblaciones de náyades provenientes de nueve cuencas hidrográficas portuguesas. Para ello se han analizando dos fragmentos de genes mitocondriales (ARNr 16S y Citocromo Oxidasa I) así como diferentes variables morfológicas de la concha. Se han realizado además análisis filogenéticos para conocer la sistemática de la familia e inferir una hipótesis evolutiva de su distribución en el oeste de la península Ibérica. Los datos genéticos y morfológicos sugieren la existencia de cinco especies: Anodonta anatina, Anodonta cygnea, Potomida littoralis, Unio tumidiformis y Unio delphinus. La diferenciación de estas especies, con la excepción de A. cygnea, ha ocurrido durante el aislamiento de la península Ibérica y posterior formación de las actuales cuencas hidrográficas en el Terciario. Se discute la posibilidad de que la presencia de A. cygnea se deba a una introducción reciente. Los datos morfométricos analizados pueden ser útiles para separar las especies del género Unio, pero son también dependientes de las condiciones ambientales. La elevada variabilidad morfológica dentro de cada especie está relacionada con su plasticidad fenotípica, pero tiene a su vez un importante papel en el proceso evolutivo.
Experimentando con un diseño experimental
Authors: Bakker Judith , Denters Bas
Published: May 2021

El experimento de diseño es un método de investigación experimental que tiene como objetivo diseñar y desarrollar posteriormente nuevas herramientas (políticas). En este artículo experimentamos con este método para desarrollar un conjunto de directrices que permitan a los gobiernos locales facilitar las iniciativas ciudadanas. El método ofrece la oportunidad de modelar las intervenciones poniendo a prueba su validez instrumental (su utilidad para el fin práctico que se proponen). Al mismo tiempo, los experimentos de diseño son útiles también para evaluar la validez empírica de las discusiones teóricas y el posterior desarrollo de esas discusiones a la luz de la evidencia empírica (usando, por ejemplo, técnicas de concordancia de patrones). En este trabajo describimos cómo hemos aplicado este método a dos casos y discutimos nuestro enfoque de investigación. Hemos hallado diversas dificultades inesperadas, sobre todo en la colaboración de profesionales y ciudadanos. Esas dificultades hacen más complicado que se puedan atribuir de forma válida efectos causales al nuevo instrumento. Sin embargo, nuestra conclusión preliminar es que los experimentos de diseño son útiles en nuestro campo de estudio.
La irrupción de los conversos portugueses en el comercio de exportación de lanas de la Corona de Castilla en el tránsito del siglo XVI al XVII
Authors: Diago Hernando Máximo
Published: May 2021

Los judeoconversos portugueses, muchos de ellos descendientes de judíos castellanos expulsados en 1492, desempeñaron un destacado papel en el comercio exterior de la Corona de Castilla durante el siglo xvii. Entre sus múltiples actividades estuvo la de exportación de lana fina castellana a Francia, los Países Bajos y otros territorios europeos. En el presente trabajo el autor contribuye a la reconstrucción de la primera fase de participación de estos mercaderes en dicho negocio, a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo xvi, tras el abandono de la actividad por los mercaderes burgaleses. Y lo hace desde una perspectiva geográfica limitada, centrando el análisis en una región en concreto, la de la Tierra de Soria y su entorno.
The Saint-Jean hornwork in Soissons: archaeological remains and historical context [abridged version]
Authors: Buccio Vincent
Published: May 2021

The partial excavation of an outwork of the Soissons (Aisne) urban fortification, built and dismantled during the 19th century, has provided an opportunity to compare the abundant archival documentation relating to this feature and field observations. Archaeology makes it possible to verify the reliability of written sources and to shed light on those parts of the history of the fortification not covered by the texts. Therefore, this research study allows to follow the evolution of a structure from the preliminary project up to its dismantling, via its construction and its functioning hazards. At the end of this study, it is possible to measure the relevance of excavating a recent structure, despite the great number of preserved archival records.
Crise de la modernité (de la post-modernité ?), ressort de l’éducation. Rousseau, Pestalozzi et les autres…
Authors: Soëtard Michel
Published: May 2021

La post-modernité reste de nos jours un concept discuté. On l’emploie à tort et à travers pour marquer une insatisfaction à l’endroit des déboires de la modernité et pour exprimer une désillusion devant le fracas des grandes idées qui ont porté la période moderne, inaugurée par la Renaissance et épanouie dans le siècles des Lumières, mais sans trop savoir où il faut aller, ou si seulement il faut aller quelque part.
A CHAOTIC MULTILAYER LIF SCHEME TO MODEL THE PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
Authors: Abolpour Nahid , Boostani Reza , Masnadi-Shirazi Mohammad-Ali , Tahayori Bahman , Almasi Ali
Published: May 2021

Precise mathematical modeling of the primary visual cortex (V1) is still a challenging problem. Due to the high similarity of visual system of cat and human, in this paper, we present a hybrid model to track the electrical responses of neurons that are measured by a multi-electrode array implanted in cat V1. The proposed model combines a stochastic phenomenological model with a multilayer leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model to predict V1 responses. Since all the existing visual cortex models do not capture the stochastic properties of synaptic changes, the proposed phenomenological model provides input currents for V1 by utilizing continuous chaotic neural equations with a quantization rule. Then a multilayer LIF model is presented to mimic the functions of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and V1 neurons by their corresponding differential equations. The input current in these models is from the presynaptic neurons, which are computed using the LIF model. The LGN-V1 neuronal connections are adopted from previous studies, where the receptive fields (RFs) of LGN neurons converge onto elongated spatial structures that denote RFs of V1 neurons. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a short-term plasticity model that is more consistent with the nature of the LGN and V1 responses compared to state-of-the-art models. Previous studies have not incorporated the stochastic and quantized behaviors of neurons that in the recorded data of implemented electrodes. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed model to accurately predict spikes recorded experimentally, indicating the model outperforms the state-of-the-art method.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole and Benzaldehyde Over Bifunctional CoMo/USY Catalyst
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Heraldy Eddy , Pamungkas Ferdinand Tri Aji , Gusti Aji
Published: May 2021

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole and Benzaldehyde over bifunctional zeolite USY (ultra-stable Y) supported CoMo catalysts has been studied. The catalyst consisted of metals that Co and Mo were loaded at three different sequences; Co loaded first (Co-Mo/USY), Mo loaded first (Mo-Co/USY), and simultaneously loaded (CoMo/USY). The experiments were conducted in a flow reactor within a temperature of 350 °C for an hour. The oxygen-free products from the HDO process were benzene and toluene compounds. CoMo/USY catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity of anisole towards the total production of aromatic hydrocarbons yield by 9.17%. It was also found that Mo-Co/USY catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity of Benzaldehyde with aromatic hydrocarbons yield by 10.46%.
Effects of the Molar Ratio of Acetic Acid to UFA and Stirring Velocity in the Tung Oil Epoxidation
Authors: Budiyati Eni , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Budiman Arief , Budhijanto Budhijanto
Published: May 2021

Epoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in Tung oil provides a very interesting opportunity in the research and development of advanced materials. Tung oil is one of non-edible vegetable oils and epoxidized Tung oil (ETO) also provides benefits in terms of renewable and eco-friendly. This research evaluated the influences of acetic acid's molar ratio to UFA and stirring velocity in the epoxidation process of Tung oil. Epoxidation was carried out in a batch reactor using peroxyacetic acid produced in-situ with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction was run at a temperature of 60 °C and the catalyst concentration of 1.5% (w) for 4 hours, with a periodic 30-minutes sampling time interval. The samples' analyses were iodine value (IV), conversion to oxirane, selectivity, and FTIR spectrometry. The results showed that both the molar ratio of acetic acid to UFA and stirring velocity were directly proportional to the conversion to oxirane, and inversely proportional to the IV. In contrast, the two process variables did not show a definite result that can be interpreted to the selectivity (very fluctuated). The highest conversion (about 57.43%) and the lowest IV (8.3898 g I2/100 g) were obtained at a 1:1 ratio for the reaction times of 150 and 240 minutes, respectively.
Conversion of Nyamplung Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) into Liquid Fuel by Hydrocracking Process Using NiMo/γ-Al2O3 Bimetallic Based Catalyst
Authors: Febriyanti Elva , Prajitno Danawati Hari , Roesyadi Achmad , Sunarti A.R. Yelvia
Published: May 2021

The limitations of fossil fuels as one of the non-renewable energy sources in Indonesia make the discourse to create alternative and renewable sources. This research studies the effect of reaction temperature on the hydrocracking process of nyamplung oil into biofuel based on conversion parameters and component selectivity of biofuel products, as well as studying the reaction kinetics of the nyamplung oil hydrocracking process. The research was conducted in two stages, namely the catalyst preparation and the nyamplung oil hydrocracking process. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared for Ni and Mo metals using the dry impregnation method and then characterized by Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) showing that the levels in γ-Al2O3 (8.78 wt%) and Ni metals (1.47 wt%), Mo (1.44 wt%), for the surface area of γ-Al2O3 obtained from the Brunauner Emmet Teller (BET) analysis, which is 120.765-185.491 m2.g-1 and the average pore size is 0.229 cc/g. The hydrocracking reaction is carried out in a stirred batch reactor (Model 4563 Parr Instrument Company, 600 mL size) which is a catalyst by 10% of the volume of oil and the reactor is coated with a heating element. Then 300 mL nyamplung oil is put into a batch reactor. Temperature variations between 300-350 °C, reactor pressure 10 bar after gas H2 injected and the reaction time is 2 hours. The best catalyst performance is the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 15% ratio of 2:2 with the resulting conversion of 97. 18%. The highest selectivity of bio-gasoline, bio-kerosene, and bio-gasoil was 1.25, 6.07, and 92.68% using a NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst of 15% 2:1 ratio at 350 °C. The main composition of compounds in the bio-gasoil fraction includes n-paraffin, namely pentadecane (C15), heptadecane (C17), and hexadecane (C16), an increase in temperature seems to reduce carboxylic acid compounds and other oxygenated compounds.
Chemical Quality and Digestibility Value in Silage of Pennisetum purpuphoides and Pennisetum purpureum Gamma with Different Levels of Molasses Supplementation
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad , Utomo Ristianto , Suhartanto Bambang , Astuti Andriyani , Umami Nafiatul
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to determine the chemical quality and digestibility of silage varieties of Pennisetum purpuphoides and Pennisetum purpureum gamma supplemented with molasses at different levels. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) 2 x 3 factorial pattern. The first factor was Pennisetum varieties consisting of P. purpuphoides and P. purpureum gamma radiation. The second factor was the level of molasses supplementation, i.e., 0, 3, and 6 %, with 5 replications on each group. The selected variable is the chemical characteristics of silage, i.e., pH, DM, OM, CP, CF, and NNFE, TDN, NH3, and lactic acid of silage. Pennisetum purpureum gamma and 6% molasses supplementation produce silage with good chemical quality. The increase in the level of supplementation of molasses is inversely proportional to the pH, crude fiber and NH3 silage (P<0.05). Varieties markedly decreased curing pH, NH3, crude fiber, and silage concentration (P<0.05). The content of lactic acid, DM, CP, crude fiber, TDN, and NNFE significantly increased linearly with an increase in the level of molasses supplementations (P<0.05) and also significantly decreased CF levels (P<0.05), but not significantly different from the OM content (P>0.05). Varieties that showed changes in some parameters of the proposed chemical composition is towards decreasing crude fiber (P<0.05), but significantly increased on the composition of DM, OM, CP, and NNFE (P<0.05). Besides molasses supplementation at the 6% level on P. purpureum gamma varieties, their combinations showed improvements to produce the best chemical quality and digestibility of silage.
Ion Exchange Fraction of Fish by-Products Protein as a Food Protein Fortification Ingredient
Authors: Suryaningtyas Try , Putri Eka Febri Nursyitah , Priatmoko Priatmoko , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Raharjo Tri Joko
Published: May 2021

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems in developing countries, and finding alternative affordable protein source to overcome the problem remains challenging. Protein fortification or enrichment is one of the options in the development of high-quality food protein. The by-product of the food industry, such as the fish industry, that still rich in protein could be targeted as protein to be used in fortification. Mackerel fish by-products were extracted using acid (pH 2.5), base (pH 12.0), and surfactant (SDS 0.01%), then the protein was fractionated using the cationic exchange-solid phase extraction (SPE-SCX). The yield of protein extraction using HCl (pH 2.5), NaOH (pH 13) and SDS 0.01% are 32.55, 5.50, and 20.40%, respectively. Analysis of protein SCX fraction found that fraction pH 6 and 7 of HCl protein extract and pH 5, 7, and 8 of SDS protein extract meet criteria as protein fortificants. Those fractions met the minimum required content of essential amino acid as well as the chemical score of each essential amino acid. The extraction process determines the outcome of fractionation, with SDS extraction gives a better result.
Humic Acid Immobilization on Cellulose by Crosslink Method for Cr(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pangestika Adhitama Widya , Santosa Sri Juari , Sudiono Sri
Published: May 2021

Biosorption using humic acid is an alternative method to remove contaminants such as heavy metals in aqueous. In this study, humic acid was immobilized on cellulose to reduce its solubility at higher pH, so it was stable at various pHs. Immobilization was carried out by crosslink method using epichlorohydrin to obtain stable adsorbent (HA‒C) at various pHs. Adsorption study was carried out to evaluate the influence of pH, contact time and adsorbate concentration. The adsorption Cr(III) was carried out at pH 5 which was the optimum pH. By using 0.02 mg adsorbent, the optimum contact time was 120 minutes with the optimum concentration of 150 mg L-1. From these data, the isotherm and kinetics models found for the adsorbates on HA‒C adsorbent were Freundlich isotherm models and Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model proposed by Ho.
Effect of Incorporation Platelet Rich Plasma into Synthetic Coral Scaffold toward Epithelial Thickness of Wound Healing
Authors: Mahanani Erlina Sih , Istiyani Anisya Nur Nova , Arum Ratih Sekar
Published: May 2021

Tissue re-epithelialization is a process in wound healing. The healing process of wounds needs to pass through a phase of inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling. Tissue engineering is the technology service in the field of medicine that can be applied in wound healing. A scaffold is a place for the molecule signal and cell growth to form new tissue. This study aims to investigate the ability of synthetic coral scaffold incorporated PRP in wound healing. Rattus norvegicus were used and divided into 4 groups, synthetic coral scaffold incorporated PRP, scaffold only, Spongostan, and control. The wound healing was observed on 3, 7, and 14 days by measuring the epithelial thickness. The average epithelium thickness on day 3 has not formed. The highest epithelial thickness on days 7 and 14 are obtained from the synthetic coral scaffolds incorporated by PRP. The result of this study presented that Synthetic coral scaffold incorporated by PRP has the highest ability for wound healing and increases the process of tissue regeneration.
Stainless Steel/Hydroxyl Functionalized Graphene Electrode for Electrochemical Oxidation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Yusbarina Yusbarina , Roto Roto , Triyana Kuwat
Published: May 2021

Graphene and its related compounds are among the emerging materials to be studied for many applications, especially for the electrochemical process. We prepared a stainless steel/hydroxyl functionalized graphene (SS/G-OH) electrode by anodic electrodeposition method. The G-OH dispersion is realized with a voltage of 30 V for electrodeposition variation time 1, 3, and 5 min with 316L stainless steel as an anode and cathode. The obtained SS/G-OH electrode was characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The G-OH modified SS electrode shows higher electrocatalytic ability than that of the bare SS electrode. The best electrodeposition time is 3 min. The electrochemical degradation of 20 ppm methyl orange (MO) by using the SS/G-OH electrode with an applied current of 1.5 A showed a concentration reduction of >99% after 30 min of reaction. The GC data suggest that MO was mainly degraded to CO2and H2O. This graphene-based electrode could be of choice for the electrochemical degradation of industrial dyes.
The Influence of Zinc Ions in Insulin Fibrillation by Heat at Acid Solution Revealed Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Patriati Arum , Suparno Nadi , Soontaranon Siriwat , Putra Edy Giri Rachman
Published: May 2021

The fibrillation mechanism of insulin in acid solution has been studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was observed that insulin monomer unfolded in both conditions. Furthermore, in zinc free solution, insulin tend to aggregate on heating start in the first 5 min. The fibrillation through aggregation process continues until 30 min on heating. The similar phenomenon occurs in the presence of zinc ions. The SAXS data suggest that the presence of zinc ions prevent the long cylindrical fibril at the beginning of heating. However, after 20 min heating, the large cylindrical fibril of insulin formed in both conditions.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Detection Using Wheatstone Bridge Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensor with Double CoFeB Spin-Valve Thin Films
Authors: Suharyadi Edi , Alfansuri Taufikuddin
Published: May 2021

The Wheatstone bridge-giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor with single and double spin valve thin film was successfully developed for potential biomolecular detection. The GMR sensor with spin valves structure of [Ta (2nm)/IrMn (10nm)/CoFe (3nm)/Cu (2,2nm)/CoFeB (10nm)/Ta (5nm)] was fabricated using DC Magnetic Sputtering method. The Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method as a magnetic label. The magnetic properties of the Fe3O4nanoparticles measured are the saturation magnetization (Ms) of 77.7 emu/g, remanence magnetization (Mr) of 7.7 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc) of 49 Oe. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the inverse cubic spinel structure with an average crystal size of about 20.1 nm. Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles with various concentrations were used to be detected using a GMR sensor. The output voltage of the GMR sensor with the single and double spin-valve increased from 1.7 to 3.9 mV and 2.9 to 5.3 mV with the increase of the Fe3O4concentration from 0 to 20 mg/mL, respectively.
Fabrication of Electrospun Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/TiO2 Nanofiber
Authors: Hastuti Lathifah Puji , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Kartini Indriana
Published: May 2021

Nanocomposites carbon nanotube (CNT)/TiO2 nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning. A mixed solution of titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and CNT were electrospun at 15 kV with 1 mL/h of flow rate and 10 cm for the distance between needle-tip and collector. The resulted fibers were calcined at 450 °C for 2 h to remove all the PVP. TiO2 and CNT/TiO2 nanofibers were characterized using X-ray Diffraction and SEM. The XRD analysis showed diffraction patterns for anatase TiO2 with a diameter of ~81 nm. As combined with CNT, the fiber diameter increased to be 200-400 nm. The composite fiber of CNT/TiO2 demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic performance for methylene blue photodegradation (~70%) under UV-light irradiation for 2 h compared to pristine TiO2 nanofiber (~50%).
A Review of Nanomaterial Mixtures on Asphalt Pavement Application
Authors: Muslihati Atqiya , Basri Hatijah , Hartatik Nurani
Published: May 2021

This paper reviews the functionalization of nanomaterial especially nanoclay and nanosilica as commonly used material, process, and effect from both material to mechanical properties of the asphalt pavement. On the other sight, discussion about laboratories scale development on road site of engineer application and cost of nanomaterial functionalization are discussed then. In recent years, nanomaterial developed broadly in various applications. One of that application is asphalt pavement mixtures. Its nanoscale allow modification with its promise properties like specific surface area and spatial confinement. These promising properties lead to improve mechanical properties of nanomaterial asphalt mixture, the compressive strengths and heat resistance of the composite, the tear, and also shows good dispersion. Nanosilica and nanoclay are the common nanomaterial applied in asphalt pavement mixtures. Some studies reported that both materials could decrease asphalt road damage and failure due to poor drainage, or layer composition weakness. Nanomaterial play as filler or may be as the binder to improve the drainage or layer composition weakness. However, upcoming challenge appears as contrast different between nanoscale of nanomaterial and large scale of asphalt mixture in ton. This case lead to the high cost of nanomaterial in high purity and particle size. Furthermore, nanomaterial require to high skilled technician in preparation and modification. Therefore, engineer should modify the desired nanomaterial in those requirements which then low-cost mixture asphalt pavement modification can be achieved.
The Effect of Smaw Welding Currents on Mechanical Properties and Micro Structures of Low Carbon Steels
Authors: Fitri Muhamad , Hidayatullah Poempida , Wibowo Kusnanto Mukti , Darmawan Agung Setyo
Published: May 2021

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is one of the most widely used types of electric arc welding. The mechanical properties of the welded joints produced are influenced by various factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the magnitude of the welding current on the mechanical properties and physical properties of the SMAW weld joints. The base metal material used in this study was SA 516 Gr. 70 with 3 strong variations of welding current, i.e.: 50A, 60A and 70A. The electrode used for root is E7016 while for filler and cap is E7018 which is 2.6 mm in diameter with climbing (vertical) welding position. From the results of the charpy impact test and the Vickers hardness test, the best is obtained in specimens with welding current strength of 70A. While the results of the microstructure analysis showed that the grain size of specimens with welding current of 50A and 60A was finer than the specimens with a 70A welding current.
Effect of pH and Contact Time on the Adsorption of Pb(II) by Kapok Wood (Ceiba pentandra) Sawdust Based Biosorbent
Authors: Hidayat Pratikno , Pramono Dikma D.W. , Putra Ardiansyah , Chafidz Achmad , Zulkania Ariany , Astuti Widi
Published: May 2021

With rapid industrial development, the water pollution due to industrial wastewater discharge also increases. Wastewater containing heavy metals such as Lead (Pb(II)) has been one of the serious global issues. It is because lead has a high level of toxicity and very harmful to the environment as well as human body even at low level of concentration. One of the emerging methods for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution is called biosorption. It is adsorption process using biomass-based adsorbent or can be called biosorbent. One of biomass material that can be used for the biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) is Kapok wood sawdust. In this study, biosorbent based Kapok sawdust has been successfully prepared. The effects of pH and contact time on the adsorption performance of the biosorbent have been studied. The adsorption tests were carried out with variations in pH 4, 5, 6, and 7 and with variations in contact time of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The amout of Pb(II) adsorbed was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption test results showed that the equilibrium contact time required for the biosorbent to absorb Pb(II) was 60 minutes, while the pH optimum was achieved at pH = 7. Furthermore, from the adsorption test results, it has also been concluded that the optimum adsorption capacity (qe) 4.83 mg/g and removal percentage (96.6%) was achieved by Adsorbent A (i.e. Kapok sawdust biosorbent activated with 0.2 M HNO3).
Effect of Nickel Addition on the Microstructure and Toughness of Shielded Metal Arc Welded SS400 Steel
Authors: Oktadinata Herry , Pratomo Sri Bimo , Gumilar Aji
Published: May 2021

Nickel alloying element has been known to play a role in controlling the formation of microstructures in the weld metal (WM). This experiment aims to study the relationship between nickel addition to the microstructure evolution and toughness of shielded metal arc welded SS400 low carbon steel plates. Three welded samples, Ni-01, Ni-03 and Ni-09 were fabricated using electrodes containing different nickel: <0.1% Ni, 0.3% Ni, and 0.95% Ni, respectively. Microstructure of WM was examined using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were measured in strength and toughness. The results showed the impact toughness increased when the nickel content of electrodes increased. From the three experimental welded samples, WM of Ni-09 which using electrodes containing 0.95% Ni demonstrated the best result for the impact toughness. It may caused Ni-09 has more AF and finer grains size compared to Ni-01 and Ni-03. It seems with nickel addition in the WM, finer grain size and acicular ferrite (AF) formation were developed.
The Effect of Copper Particles Size on Hardness, Wear Resistance and Friction Coefficient of Fiberglass-Carbon Particles-Copper Particles Reinforced Composite
Authors: Purboputro Pramuko Ilmu , Darmawan Agung Setyo
Published: May 2021

Brake lining plays an important role in the vehicle braking process. So far, most of the brake lining is made of asbestos. Unfortunately, asbestos powder can be toxic to the human body. Composites have the potential as a substitute for asbestos. Fiber-reinforced composites can be modified with particles to improve mechanical properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of copper particle size on the hardness, wear resistance and friction coefficient of the Fiberglass-Carbon Particles-Copper Particles Reinforced Composite. In this study, the composite was hardness tested with a durometer shore D hardness tester, after that tested for wear resistance and friction coefficient under dry operating conditions and oil operating conditions. The results showed that the smaller the copper particle size, the higher the hardness, wear resistance and friction coefficient. Research also showed that oil operating conditions will result in lower wear and friction coefficient than under dry operating conditions.
Neighbourhood-level housing quality indices for health assessment in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Gadiaga Assane N. , De Longueville Florence , Georganos Stephanos , Grippa Tais , Dujardin Sébastien , Diène Aminata Niang , Masquelier Bruno , Diallo Mouhamadou , Linard Catherine
Published: May 2021

In sub-Saharan African cities, the dearth of accurate and detailed data is a major problem in the study of health and socioeconomic changes driven by rapid urbanization. Data on both health determinants and health outcomes are often lacking or are of poor quality. Proxies associated with socioeconomic differences are needed to compensate the lack of data. One of the most straightforward proxies is housing quality, which is a multidimensional concept including characteristics of both the built and natural environments. In this work, we combined the 2013 census data with remotely sensed land cover and land use data at a very high resolution in order to develop an integrated housing quality-based typology of the neighbourhoods in Dakar, Senegal. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification were used to derive neighbourhood housing quality indices and four neighbourhood profiles. Paired tests revealed significant variations in the censusderived mortality rates between profile 1, associated with the lowest housing quality, and the three other profiles. These findings demonstrate the importance of housing quality as an important health risk factor. From a public health perspective, it should be a useful contribution for geographically targeted planning health policies, at the neighbourhood spatial level, which is the most appropriate administrative level for interventions.
Does powered stapler improve the mechanical integrity of gastrojejunal anastomosis compared to the current techniques? Experimental study in ex vivo porcine models
Authors: Sahloul Mohamed , Kapoulas Spyridon , Giet Leeying , Ludwig Christian , Mahawar Kamal , Dennison Ashley R. , Singhal Rishi
Published: May 2021

Background:

Numerous techniques have been described for fashioning gastrojejunostomy (GJ) in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. These include hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) and mechanical anastomosis; the latter includes circular stapled anastomosis (CSA) or manual linear stapled anastomosis (mLSA). More recently, this list also includes powered linear stapled anastomosis (pLSA). The aim of this study was to analyse if addition of power to stapling would improve the integrity of GJ anastomosis in ex vivo porcine models.

Subjects and Methods:

The present study included five groups – mLSA1, mLSA2, HSA, CSA, and pLSA. Sequential infusions of methylene blue-coloured saline were performed into the GJ models. Pressure readings were recorded till the point of leak denoting burst pressure (BP). Total volume (TV) and site of leak were recorded. Compliance was calculated from the equation ΔTV/ΔBP.

Results:

Differences in pouch and intestinal thickness were not statistically significant between the models. BPs were higher in the mechanical anastomosis groups, i.e., pLSA 21 ± 9.85 mmHg, CSA 20.33 ± 5.78 mmHg, mLSA1 18 ± 4.69 mmHg and mLSA2 11 ± 2.94 mmHg, when compared to HSA 9.67 ± 3.79 mm Hg, which was found to be statistically significant (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.03). Overall, the highest BP was recorded for powered stapling followed by circular, and then, linear stapling; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.86). There was no statistically significant difference among groups with regard to compliance (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.082).

Conclusion:

Despite the limited number of samples, mechanical anastomosis showed a statistically higher BP when compared to HSA, suggesting better anastomotic integrity. The pLSA group showed promising results with the highest BP recorded among all groups; however, this did not reach statistical significance.
Changes in Availability, Utilization, and Prices of Medicines and Protection Equipment for COVID-19 in an Urban Population of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Haque Mainul , Abubakar Abdullahi Rabiu , Ogunleye Olayinka O. , Sani Ibrahim Haruna , Sefah Israel , Kurdi Amanj , Islam Salequl , Godman Brian
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Measures are ongoing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and treat it with medicines and personal protective equipment (PPE). However, there has been considerable controversy surrounding treatments such as hydroxychloroquine with misinformation fuelling prices hikes and suicides. Shortages have also appreciably increased costs of PPE, potentially catastrophic among lower- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria with high copayment levels. Consequently, a need to investigate changes in availability, utilization, and prices of relevant medicines and PPE during the pandemic in Nigeria.

Methods:

Exploratory study among community pharmacists with a survey tool comprising four sections including questions on changes in consumption, prices, and shortages of medicines and PPE from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of June 2020. In addition, suggestions from community pharmacists and co-authors on ways to reduce misinformation.

Findings:

30 out of 34 pharmacists participated giving a response rate of 88.2%. Significant increases were seen (3-fold or more increase) in the consumption of hydroxychloroquine (100%), vitamins/immune boosters (96.7%) and antibiotics (46.7%) as well as PPE (100%). Considerable price increases (50% increase or greater) also seen for antimalarials (96.7%), antibiotics (93.3%), vitamins/immune boosters (66.7%), and PPE (100%). Shortages are also seen for hydroxychloroquine and vitamins/immune boosters but most severe for PPE (80% of pharmacies).

Conclusion:

Encouraging to see increases in the utilization of vitamins/immune boosters and PPE. However, a considerable increase in the utilization and prices of antimicrobials is a concern that needs addressing including misinformation. Community pharmacists have a key role in providing evidence-based advice and helping moderate prices.