bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Geometri Alan Dilini Kullanma Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Saliha Hilal , ES Hasan
Published: July 2018

Araştırmanın amacı ilköğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının geometri
alan dilini kullanma becerilerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın modeli tarama
modelidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılında
Türkiye’nin yedi coğrafi bölgesinden rastgele seçilmiş yedi devlet
üniversitesinin ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim gören,
geometri dersini almış 2., 3. ve 4. sınıf 350 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır.
Veri toplama araçları; araştırmacı tarafından üç alan uzmanının görüşü alınarak
geliştirilmiş açık uçlu sorularla çoktan seçmeli soruların yer aldığı Geometri
Alan Dili Başarı Testidir. Testten elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 programı
kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Kruskal Wallis, Mann
Whitney U Testi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının geometri
alan diline yönelik  başarıları
cinsiyete, mezun oldukları ortaöğretim kurumuna, öğretim şekline, yaşa ve
herhangi bir yerde çalışma durumuna göre anlamlı fark göstermemiştir. Ancak
geometri alan dili başarıları sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı fark
göstermiştir.  Bulgulara göre öğretmen
adaylarının geometri alan dili başarıları bölgelere göre anlamlı bir değişiklik
göstermiştir.
Okul Öncesi Dönemde Mesleklere İlişkin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı
Authors: KARABEKMEZ Sibel , YILDIRIM R. Günseli , ÖZYILMAZ AKAMCA Güzin , ELLEZ A. Murat , BULUT ÜNER Ayşe Nur
Published: July 2018

Günümüzde kadınlar ve erkekler arasında cinsiyet
farklılıklarının sadece biyolojik farklılıklardan kaynaklanmadığı
bilinmektedir. Bu farklılıklar; yaşam içinde davranış, düşünce, duygu, tercih,
tutum boyutlarında da karşımıza çıkmakta ve toplumsal cinsiyet anlayışını
geliştirmektedir (Aydilek, 2011). Bu çalışma, toplumsal değer ve yargıların
oluşturduğu toplumsal cinsiyet kavramının kazanılmasında en uygun dönem olan
erken çocukluk döneminde mesleklere ilişkin toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının
incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında
İzmir ili Buca ilçesinde öğrenim gören 48 ay ve üstü toplam 30 çocuk ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, çocukların mesleklere ilişkin toplumsal
cinsiyet algıları, çocuk görüşme formu ve çizilen meslek resimlerinin
çözümlenmesi yoluyla ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi kurallarına göre
çözümlenerek erken çocukluk döneminde mesleklere ilişkin toplumsal cinsiyet
algıları yorumlanmıştır.
Türkiye’deki Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Konulu Tezlerin İncelenmesi: Bir İçerik Analizi Çalışması
Authors: KOŞAR Didem
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 2000-2017 yılları arasında örgütsel
vatandaşlık davranışı konusunda yapılan tez çalışmalarının kapsamlı ve bütüncül
bir şekilde analiz edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, içerik
analizi türlerinden betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi ve kategorik çözümleme
tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini YÖK
Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında yer alan ve 2000-2017
yılları arasında yapılan örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışıyla ilgili tezler,
örneklemini ise çalışmada belirlenen ölçütlere uyan Türkiye’de yapılan ve erişime açık olan toplam 74 tez (yüksek lisans ve doktora) oluşturmaktadır. Verileri
toplamak için Örgütsel Vatandaşlık
Davranışına İlişkin Yapılan Tezleri İnceleme Formu hazırlanmıştır.
Çalışma sonucunda toplanan veriler Excel programına aktarılmış, özet tablolar
kullanılmış, sonrasında görsel olarak tablolaştırmalar yapılarak analizler
tamamlanmış ve elde edilen kategorilerin frekansı verilmiştir. Tezler
genel olarak incelendiğinde; 2000-2004 yılların arasında hiçbir tezin
yapılmadığı, kamu üniversitelerinde daha çok tez yapıldığı, İstanbul, Ege ve
Batı Anadolu bölgelerinde tezlerin yoğunlaştığı, genellikle yüksek lisans
tezlerinde konunun çalışıldığı, demografik değişkenlere göre incelemelerin
yapıldığı, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin sıklıkla kullanıldığı, çoğunlukla
anketlerle verilerin toplandığı, basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemlerinin tercih
edildiği ve betimsel istatistik, Anova ve t-testinin analiz yöntemi olarak sık
sık kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma sonucunda bu
konuda yapılacak ardıl çalışmalarda örneklem bölgelerinin, verilerin toplandığı
okul ve katılımcı türlerinin, araştırma yöntemlerinde, desenlerinde, verilerin
toplandığı katılımcılarda, veri toplama araçlarında çeşitlemeye gidilmesi
önerilmektedir.
Die versweë verandering van die Suid-Afrikaanse Konstitusie
Authors: Malan K
Published: July 2018

Die leerstuk van grondwetlike oppergesag soos vervat in artikel 2 van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet en die opvatting dat konstitusionele verandering slegs kan geskied nadat die streng wysigingsvoorwaardes ingevolge artikel 74 nagekom is, is geloofsversterkend dog ongegrond. Naas tekswysigings van die Grondwet, kan die konstitusie ingrypende veranderings ondergaan terwyl die teks onveranderd bly en die (wan)indruk van konstitusionele stabiliteit wek. Hierdie waarheid word aan die hand van die Suid-Afrikaanse konstitusionele gebeure van die afgelope twee dekades toegelig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse konstitusie het vanweë die uitwerking van politieke kragte talle ingrypende veranderinge ondergaan, sonder dat enige spoor op die teks gelaat is. Vier daarvan is hier ter sake. Die verandering van die kwasi-federale aard van die staat na 'n gesentraliseerde staatsopset; die migrasie van gesag vanuit die amptelike sentra van regerings-gesag na 'n verskeidenheid van nie-amptelike gesagsentra, wat meegebring het dat Suid-Afrika tot aan die einde van die Zuma-termyn 'n wanordelike hibriede regeringsopset geword het; die konstitusionele orde se versinking in 'n patronaatstaat vanweë sogenaamde kaderontplooiing; die staat se verlies aan die monopolie op wettige geweld gepaard met die gedeeltelike verburgerliking en privatisering van die verantwoordelikheid tot selfbeveiliging. Indien gepoog word om die aard van die Suid-Afrikaanse konstitusionele orde slegs met verwysing na die grondwetlike teks te peil, sou hierdie veranderinge verborge gebly het. Daarom is dit noodsaaklik om die bestudering van die konstitusie uit te brei tot die oorweging van politieke kragte, waardeur die eintlike stand van die konstitusie aan die lig kom.
Profesie, mite en delirium: Die dringende vraag na ware kennis in die eeu van informasionalisme en kennisaftakeling
Authors: de Beer F
Published: July 2018

Teen die agtergrond van die agterdog wat gesaai word teen die geesteswetenskappe en die bedreiging van hul posisie, wend hierdie artikel 'n poging aan om iets van die geldigheid en relevansie van geesteswetenskaplike kennis te probeer herwin. Die klem word enersyds geplaas op die fatale en verarmende gevolge van die reduksie van kennis tot die meetbare, weegbare en tasbare en andersyds op die wesenlike onmisbaarheid vir menswees en menslike saamwees van dimensies van kennis, wat ewe geldig is, maar buite die grense van die empiriese val, naamlik die diskoerse van profesie, mite en delirium (waansin). In die belang van menswees word 'n saak uitgemaak vir 'n wyer en dieper opvatting van kennis en wetenskap as die heersende opvatting.
'n Ekokrities-filosofiese perspektief op die kortverhaal "Katvoet" (Riana Scheepers): Die mens en die natuur
Authors: Smith C
Published: July 2018

Hierdie navorsing bied 'n ekokrities-filosofiese blik op die verhaal "Katvoet" uit die gelyk-namige kortverhaalbundel deur Riana Scheepers (2009). Die navorsing is interdissiplinêr van aard en betrek die dissipline van filosofie sowel as letterkundige studie. "Katvoet" bevraagteken die antroposentriese perspektief deur alternatiewe perspektiewe te beklemtoon en 'n alterverhaal te skep wat parallel met die antroposentriese verhaal verloop. Die vrou se verhouding met diere en die natuur weerspreek die algemene aannames oor die mens en die natuur en die rol van die natuur in die mens se wêreld. Die vrou verdierlik in die verhaal en hierdie verdierliking skep die weg tot 'n verfrissende en nuwe siening van die absolute binêre opposisies van kultuur en natuur, rasionaliteit en emosies, die mens en die dier, objek en subjek, en "mind" en liggaam. Die vrou se verhouding met die natuur en diere plaas die mens en die natuur op gelyke voet en die natuur word nie onderdruk deur die mens nie. Die verhaal bied ook die geleentheid om die konsep natuur te herdefinieer teen die agtergrond van die verskuiwende verhoudings met die natuur.
Vergifnisonderwys in skole as voorkoming van moontlike toekomstige emosionele pyn
Authors: van der Walt J
Published: July 2018

Sosiale onreg word op 'n daaglikse basis teenoor sowel enkelinge as groepe mense en gemeenskappe en selfs nasies gepleeg. In baie sodanige gevalle ervaar diegene teenoor wie die onreg gepleeg is oor lang tye emosionele pyn en word as gevolg daarvan die kliënte van beraders en terapeute. Die kernargument van hierdie artikel is dat heelwat van hierdie emosionele pyn en lyding voorkom kon gewees het indien mense van kleinsaf opgevoed (dit is, toegerus) was om te begryp wat die vra en die gee van vergifnis alles behels, ongeag of die oortreder om vergifnis vra of nie. As 'n mens die taak en funksie van skole deur die lens van die sosiale ruimte- en etiese funksieteorie bekyk, word dit duidelik dat skole as samelewingsverbande toevertrou is met onder meer die unieke funksie om jong leerders toe te rus om ook die ingewikkeldheid van die vra en die gee van vergifnis te kan bemeester. 'n Aansienlike deel van hierdie artikel word afgestaan aan 'n buitelyn van 'n vergifnisonderwysvakkurrikulum wat gevolg kan word deur onderwysers en ander opvoeders om hierdie toerustingsfunksie van die skool tot pedagogiese praktyk te maak.
Béres Judit: "Azért olvasok, hogy éljek": Az olvasásnépszerűsítéstől az irodalomterápiáig
Authors: Auer Eszter
Published: July 2018

Béres Judit már számtalan tanulmánnyal, publikációval és előadással hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy hazánkban minél szélesebb körben ismertté váljon az irodalomterápia. Az ismeretadás mellett tevékeny részt vállal abban, hogy megfelelő biblioterápiás szakemberek lássák el a feladatukat a saját szakmájukon belül, ezért hozta létre a pécsi és a budapesti képzést is. Jelen könyve rendkívül széles horizontot nyit. Rengeteg nemzetközi példát ismerhetünk meg belőle a biblioterápia témakörében. Nagy előnye, hogy az elméleti megalapozás mellett gyakorlatban megvalósult projektek, események eredményeit is közli. Hiánypótló műről van szó, amely használható tankönyvként, de „csupán” csak tájékozódásra is. A tanulmánykötet több nézőpontból és nagyszámú szakirodalom alapján járja körbe azt a kérdést, hogy mit is nevezhetünk irodalomterápiának.
Tantervi lehetőségek a tájékozódás és a turisztika oktatásában
Authors: Herpainé Lakó Judit , Bácsné Bába Éva , Nagy Zsuzsa , Müller Anetta
Published: July 2018

The orienteering, orientation and sportcamps, tours are very interesting promramme in the educational supply, because we can find here not the usual teacher-student interaction. That is why the camp gives a good motivation for the young student. During the sports camp the student gets the practice-oriented knowledge in connection with organization, management, transaction and leading of a camp and orientation. This camps has a very essential pedagogical value, because part of the developement is the student’s identity. In our article we analyse the knowledge of orientation, tours and hiking in the curriculum.
Hagyományőrzés pedagógiája Győrújbaráton
Authors: Juhász Veronika
Published: July 2018

In Győrújbarát there are 10 groups at nursery school. Kindergarten teachers use a special pedagogical programme in their professional practice. They give priority to traditionalism.Paying attention to traditionalism also plays a very important role in everyday life of the groups. Within the framework of projects children learn how to make dishes which were popular in the past or they get to know the tools of the old farms. They also can learn about thefolk dance, music and the national costumes of several regions of our country. If children grow strong roots at a very early age, they will have a massive basis and whatever strong storm comes, they will be able to resist everything.
Orientação profissional no ensino médio: revisão de estudos da psicologia brasileira
Authors: Sobral Helenizia Santos , Fernandes Sheyla Christine Santos
Published: July 2018

Tendo como temática a orientação profissional (OP) no ensino médio, elaboramos este artigo com o objetivo de realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os estudos da psicologia brasileira acerca do referido tema. Para isso utilizamos cinco bases de dados: LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), Index Psi, SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), PePSIC e PsycINFO. Ao término da análise nos restaram 29 artigos, sendo 04 artigos teóricos e 25 artigos empíricos. As bases teóricas mais utilizadas foram a psicologia positiva e as teorias sociocognitiva e comunitária. Nos artigos empíricos verificamos que a temática mais frequente foi o uso de escalas, que visam mensurar a relação dos fatores por elas avaliados e a OP. Como exemplo dessas escalas podemos citar: Escala de Maturidade para Escolha Profissional- EMEP; Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional –EAP; e Escala de Atribuição e Eficácia para Atividades Ocupacionais – EAAOC. Os periódicos científicos que mais publicaram trabalhos sobre essa temática foram aqueles nos quais a OP é tema central de suas publicações. Ficou constatado que nos últimos anos as publicações envolvendo o tema tem diminuído consideravelmente se comparadas à década passada.
Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada sob a perspectiva da Gestalt Terapia
Authors: Maffioleti Cavaler Camila , Castro Amanda
Published: July 2018

A ansiedade é uma característica biológica do ser humano, contudo sob condições excessivas pode atingir um nível patológico e trazer prejuízos ao bem estar dos indivíduos. O presente artigo é uma revisão narrativa do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada – TAG – compreendido à partir da escola psicológica Gestalt- terapia de Frederick Perls. O estudo concentrou-se em identificar a patologia, analisar sua etiologia e conhecer os indicadores de tratamento medicamentoso. Na perspectiva da Gestalt indivíduos ansiosos que tentam controlar a natureza reguladora a sua volta, não conseguem viver a vida de forma espontânea, pois estão preocupados com possíveis acontecimentos futuros.  Quanto menos perceptivo de si próprio é o indivíduo, maior será seu empenho em se manter no controle das situações. Viver no presente é por si só um ato terapêutico. O princípio da hierarquia das necessidades está constantemente operando em todos os indivíduos, para que a situação mais importante venha emergir, basta que o indivíduo esteja consciente da experiência de si mesma o tempo todo, sem tentar controlá-la.  Compreender o TAG possibilita ao terapeuta auxiliar seu paciente a sair de um ciclo vicioso disfuncional de quebra no ciclo de contato.
Percepções de estudantes que visam ao ensino superior sobre medicalização e saúde mental
Authors: Trigueiro Emilia Suitberta de Oliveira , Leme Maria Isabel da Silva
Published: July 2018

O aprimoramento cognitivo farmacológico refere-se ao uso de medicamentos por pessoas saudáveis para melhorar o funcionamento do cérebro e o desempenho cognitivo. Um dos medicamentos mais utilizados no Brasil com essa finalidade é o Cloridrato de Metilfenidato, que tem sido consumido por estudantes de ensino médio e superior com o objetivo de aumentarem a capacidade produtiva para cumprirem prazos e metas. Considerando que essa prática está se disseminando na sociedade, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de caracterizar a percepção de alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de uma escola profissionalizante da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte (CE) sobre o uso de medicamentos para aprimoramento cognitivo. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de dois grupos focais com a participação de 13 alunos. Os resultados apontaram que os medicamentos para aprimoramento cognitivo foram vistos inicialmente como algo positivo, que poderia ser usado às vésperas do vestibular e para ajudar nos momentos de pressão por parte dos pais e da escola. No entanto, quando tiveram a oportunidade de refletir sobre o tema, os alunos conseguiram perceber os fatores envolvidos na adesão ao uso de substâncias e o que leva os estudantes a consumi-las. Concluiu-se, neste estudo, que é importante compreender a percepção dos jovens sobre esse tema para que se possa planejar e orientar futuras intervenções.
O Outro, do outro lado do espelho: o gênero não inteligível
Authors: Santos Jobson Rios dos
Published: July 2018

Este artigo discute o conto “O Espelho, do outro lado”, escrito pela filósofa e feminista belga Luce Irigaray, sob uma perspectiva filosófica, psicanalítica e linguística. Trata-se de uma análise, na qualidade de enunciação estruturante, com informações objetivas que repensam aspectos em sua produção, além de uma avaliação aos modos pelos quais estão sendo elaborados outros discursos que também ordenam, seduzem e/ou oprimem o Outro. Como instrumento, utiliza-se aqui a semiótica, que não se ocupa somente dos aspectos formais do texto como também dos elementos internos e da busca de sentidos que apontam para além da significação, para o âmbito da experiência, podendo esses serem imaginativos e ficcionais. Além do domínio da significação, há essa magnitude nuclear do texto, que tenta inscrever-se e que podemos identificar como desejo. Nesta produção de significados, investigamos o conceito de speculum na dialética do imaginário – ora a plenitude do prazer e a vivência de integração possível, ora a sua ausência e, com ela, a angústia gerada pela ameaça de desintegração. E é nesse contexto e de acordo com a Teoria do Espelho estabelecida por Jacques Lacan que procedemos nessa apreciação. Então, nos deleitemos à luz de Irigaray, nesse conto, a exclusão do imaginário feminino destina à mulher uma posição de apenas experenciar-se de forma estilhaçada, na margem e à margem, de estruturas dominantes pouco seguras. A realidade não é o real, mas uma espécie de emanação desse, passível de ser performada. O que nos leva a pensar que o feminino, enquanto real, resiste à compreensão, não se conformando no lugar de Outro, e, assim, torna-se não inteligível, no qual o sexo, o gênero e a sexualidade são uma unidade ficcional.
An Examination of Ethnic Hierarchies and Returns to Human Capital in the UK
Authors: Zwysen Wouter , Demireva Neli
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on the returns to human capital of migrants and minorities in the UK. The question of whether skills and qualifications are properly utilized is very pertinent given the global competition for skilled migrants and the aim of European and British markets to attract such workers. Using data from Understanding Society (2009 to 2017) we find that there is a clear evidence of ethnic hierarchies with black Caribbean and black African minorities generally most disadvantaged, while other white UK-born have the best outcomes compared to the white British. Western migrants generally do very well, but new EU migrants have high levels of employment, and low returns to their qualifications and relatively high levels of over-qualification. Foreign qualifications are generally discounted, and more so for migrants with less certain legal status or low language skills. Public sector employment plays an important role and is associated with the higher economic placement of migrants and minorities in the UK. There are some worrying trends however. Highly skilled migrants, particularly black migrants as well as those from Eastern Europe, come in with high qualifications, but their jobs do not match their skill levels.
Ters Yüz Edilmiş Yabancı Dil Sınıfında Öğrencilerin Öz-Düzenleyici Öğrenme Becerileri ve Akademik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Öztürk Mücahit , Çakıroğlu Ünal
Published: July 2018

Son yıllarda yükseköğretimde yaygınlaşmaya başlayan
Ters yüz sınıf modeli (TYS), öğrencilerin evde etkileşimli teknolojiler
aracılığıyla ders içeriğini öğrendikleri, yüz yüze öğrenme ortamında ise
öğrenci merkezli etkinlikler ile öğrenilen bilgilerin uygulanmasını
yapabilecekleri bir modeldir. Bu araştırmanın amacı TYS modeliyle tasarlanan
öğrenme ortamında öğrencilerin öz-düzenleyici öğrenme berilerinin düzeyini
belirleyerek akademik başarıları ile öz-düzenleyici öğrenme arasındaki ilişkiyi
incelemektir. Araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinin MYO Muhasebe bölümünde
öğrenim gören 24 öğrenciyle haftada 4 saat olarak işlenen Yabancı Dil dersinde
yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonunda TYS modeliyle tasarlanan öğrenme ortamında
öğrencilerin amaç belirleme, ortam düzenleme, görev stratejileri ve
öz-değerlendirmesinin yüksek düzeyde; zaman yönetimi ve yardım arama düzeyinin orta
düzeyde geliştiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile görev
stratejileri, öz-değerlendirme ve öz-düzenleyici öğrenme toplam puanları
arasında güçlü ilişki görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan öğrencilerin, akademik
başarıları ile amaç belirleme ve ortam düzenleme arasında orta düzeyde ilişki
ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile zaman yönetimi ve yardım
arama becerileri arasında zayıf ilişki belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yabancıl dil
derslerinde TYS modeli uygulamaları için tasarım ve uygulayıcılara öz-düzenleyici
öğrenmeyi belirleme ve geliştirme yönüyle örnek olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Dosing of the Degree of Anterior Transposition of Lower Oblique Muscle in the Surgical Treatment of Its Secondary Hyperfunction
Authors: Tereshhenko A. V. , Trifanenkova I. G. , Vydrina A. A.
Published: July 2018

The purposeto evaluate the effectiveness of dosing procedures for the degree of anterior transposition of the lower oblique muscle in the surgical treatment of its secondary hyperfunction of varying severity using modern methods of ophthalmological examination.

Patients and methods. Between January 2013 and June 2017, 31 children (31 eyes) aged 3 to 17 years with vertical strabismus due to unilateral insufficiency of the superior oblique muscle were monitored. Depending on the magnitude of the vertical deviation in the adduction on the paretic eye measured in degrees by the Hirschberg method in the head rotation position, all patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 12 children (12 eyes) (no more than 7° according to Hirschberg); group 2 — 19 patients (19 eyes) (more than 7° according to Hirschberg). Surgical treatment of hypertrophy was performed in all patients in both groups. Weakened the lower oblique muscle by its dosed front transposition. The degree of anterior transposition of the lower oblique muscle depended on the magnitude of the angle of vertical deviation.

Results. The surgical intervention on the lower oblique muscle was performed in all patients in full. Hypertrophy in the primary position of the gaze in group 1 was completely eliminated in 11 eyes (91.7%), in group 2 — in 17 eyes (89.5%). The residual vertical angle, equal to 3 ° according to Hirschberg, in group 1 was detected in 1 eye (8.3%), in group 2 — in the 2 eyes (10.5%). Hypertrophy in adduction in group 1 was completely eliminated in 10 eyes (83.3%), in group 2 — in 17 eyes (89.5%). The residual vertical angle of 3° in Hirschberg’s group 1 was detected in 2 eyes (16.7%), in group 2 — in 2 eyes (10.5%).

The conclusion. Application of the technology of dosed front transposition of the lower oblique muscle in the surgical treatment of its secondary hyperfunction will significantly improve the effectiveness and safety of treatment and reduce the risk of complications, shorten the duration of surgery and anesthesia in child. The developed method of dosing the degree of anterior transposition allows to perform this operation monolaterally, without fear of developing secondary hyperfunction of the lower oblique muscle in the pair eye.
Types of Lens Structure in Intumescent Cataract
Authors: Pirogova E. S. , Fabrikantov O. L. , Nikolashin S. I.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to study the structure of the swelling lens, the dependence of its anatomical parameters on the nucleus sizes and density, patients’ age.

Patients and methods. 52 patients with intumescent mature cataract were examined. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with a two-stage continuous circular capsulorhexis. After the 2–2.5 mm capsulorhexis had been created, the liquid lenticular masses were removed from the anterior and posterior lens compartment with the aspiration/irrigation system. Visually we determined the size of the nucleus, its color and density according to Buratto’s classification.

Results. When performing this work 4 types of the swelling lens structure were revealed. Type I — a small emerging white nucleus with large amount of liquid lenticular masses in the anterior and posterior lens compartment, II degree of density according to Buratto’s classification. The mean age was 49.09 ± 3.19 years old. The related ophthalmic diseases accounted for 36.4%. Type II — a large white nucleus with the presence of liquefied lenticular masses in the anterior and posterior lens compartment. III degree of density according to Buratto’s classification. The mean age was 71.00 ± 1.92 years old. Associated diseases — 84.6%. Type III — a large brown nucleus with the presence of liquefied lenticular masses in the anterior and posterior lens compartment. IV degree of density according to Buratto’s classification. The mean age was 75.84 ± 1.46 years old. Associated diseases — 100%. Type IV — a small, very dense, brown nucleus with liquid lenticular masses. V degree of density according to Buratto’s classification. The mean age was 77.33 ± 2.49 years old. Associated diseases — 100%.

Conclusion. 4 types of lens structure in intumescent cataract were described depending on the nucleus size, density, the amount of the lenticular masses. By means of UBM method, it was shown that intumescent cataract is accompanied with the alterations of the ocular anterior segment parameters, which depend on the type of lens structure. It was revealed that the types of swelling lens structure are directly connected to the patients’ age: mean age of patients with type I — 49.09 ± 3.19 years old, with type II — 71.00 ± 1.92, with type III — 75.84 ± 1.46, with type IV — 77.33 ± 2.49 years old.
Сorrection of Corneal Astigmatism in Patients with a Thin Cornea by Improved Combined Technology
Authors: Stroyko M. S. , Kostenev S. V. , Pakhomova A. L.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:to carry out an advanced combined technology, including femtosecond astigmatic keratotomy and topographically-oriented photorefractive keratectomy in order to correct corneal astmigmatism in patients with a thin cornea. Presentation and evaluation of the results of this observation.

Patients and methods. There are data of 19 patients (30 eyes) with complex myopic astigmatism combined with a thin cornea who received the operation of femtosecond astigmatic keratotomy (the first stage of an improved combined technology). Mean values before surgery: sph –4.1 ± 2.1 (from –0.3 to –7.8) D, cyl –4.9 ± 1.4 (–3.0 to –7.3) D, UDVA 0.1 ± 0.05 (from 0.01 to 0.2) of the rows of table, CDVA 0.6 ± 0.1 (from 0.4 to 0.9) of the rows of table, Kmax 46.70 ± 1.1 (from 44.50 to 48.50), Kmin 42.8 ± 1.3 (from 40.00 to 44.00), the thickness of the cornea is 470.0 ± 12.7 (from 4470 to 495.0) μm. The second stage: topographically oriented photorefractive keratectomy was performed to the same patients with the aim of correcting residual ametropy. Mean values before surgery: sph –5.3 ± 2.0 (from –1.8 to –8.8) D, cyl –1.6 ± 0.8 (from –0.5 to –3.0) D, UDVA 0.3 ± 0.1 (from 0.1 to 0.6) rows of the table, CDVA 0.7 ± 0.1 (from 0.5 to 0.9) rows of the table, Kmax 46.70 ± 1.1 (from 44.50 to 48.50), Kmin 42.8 ± 1.3 (from 40.00 to 44.00), the thickness of the cornea 464.3 ± 8.3 (from 460.0 to 485.0). All patients from the study received a diagnostic examination by standard and special methods based on the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, a screening of the keratoconus on the scanning topograph Pentacam HR “Oculus Optikgerate GmbH”, Germany was carried out. The first stage of the advanced combined technology was used the LenSx Laser (“Alcon”, USA), the second stage — WaveLight EX-500 (“Alcon”, USA), was used.

Results. After the completion of two stages of improved combined technology the following results were obtained: reduction of the sph with –4.1 ± 2.1 (from –7.8 to –0.3) to –0.4 ± 0.3 (from –1.0 to 0.0), cyl with –4.9 ± 1.4 (from –7.3 to –3.0) to –0.1 ± 0.1 (from –0.5 to 0.0), Kmax from 44.70 ± 1.1 (from 44.50 to 48.50) to 37.8 ± 1.6 (from 36.00 to 43.00), Kmin 42.80 ± 1.3 (from 40.00 to 44.00) to 37.00 ± 1.3 (from 36.00 to 40.00), CDVA growth with 0.6 ± 0.l (from 0.4 to 0.9) to 0.8 ± 0.1 (from 0.5 to 1.0), UDVA from 0.1 ± 0.05 (from 0.01 to 0.2) to 0.7 ± 0.1 (from 0.4 to 0.9).

Conclusion. The improved combining technology, including femtosecond astigmatic keratotomy and topographically — oriented photorefractive keratectomy is effective and safety technology, allowing to correct of corneal astigmatism in patients with a thin cornea.
On the Possibility of Expanding Indications for Refractive Correction of Ametropia (4 Clinical Cases)
Authors: Chuprov A. D. , Kanyukova Yu. V. , Voronina A. E.
Published: July 2018

Refractive surgery is a dynamically developing field of ophthalmic surgery, which requires studying new approaches for determining indications and contraindications for refractive surgery.

Purpose. To investigate the possibility of expanding indications for refractive surgery in conditions related to contraindications on the example of four clinical cases.

Material and methods. The study included 4 clinical cases of photorefractive operations in patients with relative contraindications who underwent refractive surgery (Femto-Lasik, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK)).

Results and discussion. Follow-up period of patients after Femto-Lasik, PRK and PTK was 1 year. During this period, stabilization of such parameters as intraocular pressure (IOP), progression of diabetic retinopathy, visual acuity was detected on all operated eyes. There were no postoperative complications. In the first clinical example, to avoid flap injury pneumotonometry was performed 72 hours after the surgery. IOP indices differed from preoperative ones and were 15 mm Hg because of the flap cut and the removal of part of the corneal tissue as a result of laser ablation. In the second clinical example, BCVA OU was 1.0 throughout the whole follow-up period. In the third clinical example recurrence of retinal detachment and any formations of new zones of peripheral vitreochorioretinal were not observed. BCVA improved up to 0.9–1.0. In the fourth clinical example, 3 months later, the patient complained for “misting” in the right eye. On examination, subepithelial fibroplasia of the 1st degree was revealed. After the course of treatment, the transparency of the cornea was restored. The data of the diagnostic examination after the surgery at the period of 1 month, 3 months did not differ and corresponded to preoperative ones. Diagnostic examination data 1 year after the operation: visual acuity: OD — 1.0; OS — 0.4 sph + 1.0Dcyl + 1.5Dax 45 = 0.8.

Conclusion. The presented clinical examples allow us to reconsider the list of relative contraindications for performing refractive operations for compensated diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, retinal detachment, corneal opacities, as it can be performed safely and effectively with good refractive results.
Varieties of Constantly Redundant Tension of Accommodation, the Weakness of Accommodation and Intraocular Pressure in Myopia
Authors: Trufanova L. P. , Balalin S. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the relationship between the functional state of the accommodative eye apparatus according to the data of accomodography and the increase of the ophthalmotonus in patients with myopia.

Patients and methods. There were 74 patients with myopia (148 eyes) from 6 to 17 years old. The mean age of the examined subjects was 12.7 ± 0.32 years. Low myopia was detected in 37 persons (73 eyes), medium myopia — in 23 persons (46 eyes) and high myopia — in 15 persons (29 eyes). Progressive myopia was detected in 110 eyes (74.3%), stationary — 38 eyes (25.7%). Constantly redundant tension of accommodation (CRTA) was found in patients on 134 eyes (90.5%).

Results. In 53% patients with progressive myopia (58 eyes) the cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (P0CC) was within the limits of the upper individual norm — from 18 to 21 mm Hg or higher. In progressive myopia with combination of accommodation weakness, CRTA and an increase of IOP up to the range of upper norm limits occurs in 4.8 times more often than with stationary myopia (t = 4.7, p < 0.05).

Сonclusions. It is necessary to measure intraocular pressure in patients with myopia taking into account the biomechanical properties of the sclera in case of accomodation arrors in the form of a combination of accommodation weakness and CRTA. The combination of accommodation weakness, CRTA and elevated IOP (upper-range) indicates the progression of myopia.
Value of Confocal Microscopy of the Cornea in Assessment of the Adaptation Period at Patients with Myopia when Using Orthokeratological Lenses
Authors: Ezhova E. A. , Melikhova I. A. , Balalin S. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: tо study the histomorphological state of the cornea with the help of confocal microscopy in patients with myopia in the period of adaptation to orthokeratological contact lenses (OCL).

Patients and methods. The study of the histomorphological status of the cornea was performed in the central optical, middle peripheral and perilimbal zones using confocal microscopy (ConfoScan-4) in 72 patients (144 eyes) with low myopia (38 people, 76 eyes) and middle myopia (34 persons, 68 eyes) after the appointment of OCL within 1 to 12 months.

Results. The maximum significant increase in the degree of epithelial changes in the central optical zone of the cornea was recorded after 7 days of the application of OCL and an increase of nerve fibers activation, the number of activated keratocytes — after 1 month. There were noted the degree of changes in the epithelium, the number of activated keratocytes after 1 month and the degree of activation of nerve fibers after 3 months in the middle peripheral zone of the cornea. At a period of 12 months of the using of OCL in the central optical zone and middle peripheral zone of the cornea the index of the degree of changes in the epithelium, nerve fibers, and the number of activated keratocytes was stabilized. In the perilimbal zone of the cornea the histomorphological parameters did not differ from the initial data at the observation periods, except for innervation. The densities of keratocytes in various layers of the stroma, endothelial cells did not change statistically throughout the study.

Conclusions. The results of the histomorphological indices made it possible to single out a “stressful” period of adaptation lasting 1 month, a transitional period of 1 to 3 months and a stable adaptation period, the formation of which was noted after 12 months of the application of OKL. Stable densities of keratocytes in various layers of the corneal stroma, endothelial cells during the entire period of observation indicated a fairly good tolerability of OCL.
Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy as a Variant of the Course of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Panova I. E. , Shaimov T. B. , Shaimova V. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to study noninvasive diagnostic options for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) — a subtype of neovascular agerelated macular degeneration — by monitoring clinical progression, defining optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings specific for PCV and evaluating diagnostic utility of OCT angiography.

Patients and methods. The study included 254 patients (292 eyes) with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. All patients underwent complex eye examination: visual acuity test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy with 60 and 78D fundus lenses, fundoscopy with color filters, spectral-domain OCT, OCT angiography and biometry. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 66 cases. Indocyanine green angiography was employed in 16 patients with PCV. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software package.

Results. In 14 of 16 patients (87.5%) indocyanine green angiography revealed round hyperfluorescent lesions which corresponded to ophthalmoscopy findings — subretinal reddish orange nodules localized primarily in the parafovea. In 11 cases (68.8%) the nodules were associated with hemorrhage and in 14 cases (87.5%) — with hard yellowish exudates. Comparative analysis of retinal anatomy allowed for defining typical OCT signs of PCV that distinguish the clinical entity from type 1 and 2 choroidal neovascular membranes: neurosensory retinal detachment in the parafovea (80.0%, p < 0.001) and hard exudates (71.9%, p < 0.001). OCT findings characteristic of PCV are dome-shaped pigment epithelium detachment (100%), bubble sign (94.74%), notch sign (68.4%) and double layer sign (92.9%).

Conclusion. Noninvasive diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy should encompass clinical signs, fundoscopy findings, OCT-based morphometry and OCT angiography criteria. OCT angiography has high diagnostic value and enables detection of branching vascular network and polypoidal formations.
Modern Aspects of Etiopathogenetic Treatment of Ophthalmodemodicosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Chuprov A. D. , Malgina E. K.
Published: July 2018

Demodicosis is one of most spread dermatosis. Blepharitis of Demodectic etiology occupy from 39 to 88% among all inflammatory diseases of the eyelids. The disease is widespread, 89% of patients are parasite carriers, despite the fact that most of them do not feel any manifestations of this pathology. The effect of predisposing factors such as chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, endocrine pathology, undernutrition, unhealthy habits etc. promote the development of Demodicosis. According to some authors, the mite of Demodex genus is a potentially pathogenic saprophyte microorganism, showing its pathogenic activity under certain conditions. According to Russian studies, infection with Demodex is up to 92%, but it is not always Demodicosis, the manifestations of it depend not only on the number of individuals, but also on the state of immunodefence. In recent years, cases of mite detection in humans have increased. Perhaps, this is facilitated by the environmental problem associated with environmental pollution, including air pollution, and the growth of chronic diseases, especially digestive diseases, endocrine diseases — diabetes mellitus. The reason for this, as a rule, is an unhealthy way of life and nutrition. Despite the variety of drugs with specific and symptomatic effect, the treatment of eye Demodicosis is ineffective. This is caused by the duration of therapy, noncompliance of treatment and hygiene standards, the prescription of symptomatic drugs that do not have acaricidal action, the lack of chronic diseases treatment, and the need for comprehensive treatment of eye Demodicosis by an ophthalmologist and facial skin — by a dermatologist. The lack of knowledge of etiopathogenesis and the insufficient effectiveness of Demodex therapy methods contribute to its chronically recurrent course with impairment of the severity of clinical manifestations and are a significant psychotraumatic factor for patients that leads to the development of psychoasthenic state and neuroses and indicates the medico-social significance of the problem of this Dermatosis.
Laser Speckles in Anisometropic Amblyopia Treatment
Authors: Matrosova Y. V. , Fabrikantov O. L.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. To perform the comparative efficacy assessment of complex treatment for average degree anisometropic amblyopia in children using red, green laser speckles and their combination.

Patients and methods. 216 children aged 5–9 years old with anisohypermetropia and anisometropic amblyopia of average degree were followed up. Cycloplegic refraction of sighting eye was from +1.5 to +3.0 D, of the amblyopic one — from +3.5 to +8.5 D. All patients underwent the basic treatment course using magnetostimulation and computer programs. Depending on the applied laser the children were divided into three groups: patients of group I underwent the basic course of pleoptics using laser in the red wavelength range, in patients of group II the basic course was supplemented with laser stimulation in the green wavelength range, group III — along with the basic treatment the alternate stimulation by red and green speckles was used, control group IV — received only basic course without any laser stimulation. The best corrected visual acuity before and after the treatment was estimated.

Results. Before treatment there were no any significant differences between groups according to age, refraction and best corrected visual acuity. As a result of treatment we received the reliable increase in visual acuity in all groups. The minimum increase was noted in patients who received the basic course of treatment, 15% increase was noted in patients stimulated with green speckle, in patients who underwent red speckle stimulation visual acuity increased by 27%, the maximum increase in visual acuity was achieved in patients who received the combined stimulation by red and green speckles.

Conclusion. The paper has proved the high efficacy of combined application of red and green speckles in pleoptic treatment in comparison with their separate usage and traditional basic course.
The Effectiveness of Different Optical Correction Methods in Children and Adolescents with Progressive Myopia Based on a Comparative Evaluation of the Accommodation and Axial Length of Eyes
Authors: Sitka M. M. , Bodrova S. G. , Pozdeyeva N. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective: to determine optimal method of progressive myopia optical correction in children and adolescents.

Patients and methods. Conducted 5-year prospective clinical and instrumental examination of 494 children with myopia using orthokeratology lenses, soft contact lenses and glasses. 61 children (the average age 11.7 ± 2.36 years) with myopia –2.87 ± 1.1 D and astigmatism –0.58 ± 0.27 D used orthokeratological lens. 92 children (the average age 12.8 ± 1.51 years) with myopia –3.66 ± 1.07 D, astigmatism –0.53 ± 0.18 D wore soft contact lens. 79 children (the average age 11.52 ± 1.78 years) with myopia –1.59 ± 1.08 D, astigmatism –0.71 ± 0.54 D used glasses with monofocal lenses, with full correction. The control group consisted of 249 children (the average age 9.1 ± 1.14 years) with initial emmetropia. Determination of refraction, subjective and objective determination of accommodation, and axial length of the eye (“IOL-master”) was conducted in children.

Results. The maximum progression of myopia was observed in younger children (8–9 years). Correction of myopia with orthokeratology lenses (OKLs) was accompanied by the lowest dynamics of changes in axial length (axial elongation 0,44 ± 0,32 mm) compared to the correction with soft contact lenses (SCLs) (axial elongation 0,73 ± 0,36 mm), spectacle correction (axial elongation 1,39 ± 0,47 mm) and the control group (axial elongation 0,6 ± 0,41 mm). In all children with myopia, at the beginning of the study, there were reduced values reserve of relative accommodation and an objective accommodative response. Correction of myopia with OKLs (p = 0,0002) and SCLs (p = 0,036) provides the normalization of subjective and objective reserve indication of relative accommodation in both age group in comparison of spectacles correction.

Conclusion. Correction with orthokeratology lens in children with progressive myopia contributes to the minimum growth length of the eye. Correction of myopia OKLs and MKL improves of subjective and objective indicators of relative accommodation reserve.
Instillation Anesthesia in Refractive Surgery in Children
Authors: Shchuko A. G. , Khlebnikova L. C. , Oleshenko I. G. , Iureva T. N. , Pisarevskaya O. V. , Frolova T. N.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of the Femto-LASIK refractive surgery performed under local (topical) anesthesia in children and adolescents with anisometropic and refractive amblyopia against a background of mixed astigmatism, medium and high hypermetropia with hypermetropic astigmatism.

Patients and methods: 28 children (28 eyes) aged from 7 to 16 years (av. age — 13.6 ± 2.1 years old) were operated under local anesthesia by the FemtoLASIK method. The degree of anisometropy was from 3.25 to 5.21 (average — 4.27 ± 0.53 D). Uncorrected visual acuity averaged 0.21 ± 0.07, corrected one — 0.41 ± 0.1. Psychological history of patients and readiness for operative treatment of the disease were found out during the diagnostic examination. Based on the Spielberger-Khanin technique, the level of personal and reactive anxiety was determined, allowing identifying patients for surgical intervention under topical anesthesia. The surgeon assessed the comfort of the operation. During the first postoperative examination, the developed questionnaire was used to assess the comfort level of the patient during surgical treatment.

Results. During the surgical intervention and in the postoperative period there were no complications. The behavior of all patients during the operation can be considered adequate. The duration of the operation slightly exceeded the duration of FemtoLASIC in adults. Uncorrected visual acuity in the first day after the operation averaged 0.39 ± 0.08, in 6 months — 0.61 ± 0.1, which is 80% higher than the baseline indices. After 6 months, the equivalent of anisometropia was 0.69 ± 0.12 D, that is, the refraction of the operated eye approached the value of the paired eye. In 60.8% of patients, the sensations during the operation corresponded to the level of “comfortable”. The surgeon’s assessment of the conditions for performing operations as ‘satisfactory” was noted in 92.9%.

Conclusion. The use of topical anesthesia in refractive surgery in children with an initially low level of anxiety is an effective, safe and predictable method of anesthesia, allowing to conduct surgery in comfortable conditions for both the patient and the surgeon, with a high functional result.
Influência da condição periodontal na qualidade de vida de crianças atendidas na clínica de odontopediatria
Authors: Cruz Mariana Farias da , Mocarzel Filho José , Gonçalves Rackel , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly Da Silva
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação da condição periodontal, tendo como referência os índices de biofilme supragengival e de sangramento gengival, com a qualidade de vida dos pacientes infantis. Foram seleconadas crianças de 5 a 11 anos de idade, sistemicamente saudáveis, atendidas na clínica de odontopediatria da Universidade Salgado de Oliveira. Foram aplicados questionários de qualidade de vida CPQ 11-14 e 8-10 e o ECOHIS e realizado exames clínicos periodontais para obter os scores do índice de O´leary e de sangramento gengival. Os questionários foram respondidos pelo paciente voluntário ou, quando incapaz, pelo seu responsável. A qualidade de vida foi dicotomizada em baixa (G1- score < 15) e alta (G2- score > 15). Foi aplicado o teste t e do Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). A amostra consistiu de 15 crianças. No G1, o índice de o’leary apresentou média 34,69 (±19,71) e no índice de sangramento a média foi de 13,80 (±5,79). No G2, a média para o’leary foi de 40,31 (±7,78) e para o índice de sangramento foi de 18,66 (±18,21). A qualidade de vida não apresentou diferença estatística para os indices de o’leary (p = 0,16; Teste t) e de sangramento gingival (p = 0,15; Teste t). O presente estudo demonstrou que os índices relacionados a biofilme dentário e a presença de gengivite não impactam na auto-percepção de qualidade de vida das crianças da amostra estudada.