bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qumran Hebrew Qal Prefix Conjugation Forms with Mater w after the First Radical
Authors: Stadel Christian
Published: July 2024

Forms like ‮ידורשהו‬‎, viz. qal stem prefix conjugation forms with an object suffix in which a mater lectionis indicates the presence of a rounded vowel after the first radical, constitute the only unique Qumran Hebrew morphological trait that has no parallels in other traditions of the language. In this paper, I suggest a new explanation for the development of these forms (and of orthographically similar qal stem imperatives and infinitives). While previous research tried to explain the forms as resulting from analogy, I propose that they are (by and large) the result of regular sound change: vowel deletion of the unstressed stem vowel followed by the emergence of an epenthetic copy vowel that originated in the masculine plural forms.
Theology Gone Pink
Authors: Gibson Charity
Published: July 2024

Gerwig’s Barbie film addresses social concerns regarding sexism and responds to interpretations of Genesis and the roles of men and women. The film argues that women should not rely on or find fulfilment with a man. However, while Ken and Barbie each forge their own paths at the film’s end, the real world continues to suffer from underground patriarchy and Barbie Land resumes functioning like a matriarchy. Gerwig draws attention to the social reform needed for true gender equality to exist, yet the film’s ending shows a distancing from the problem rather than a leaning into it. The Genesis account is often rejected because it is incorrectly interpreted as a patriarchal structure of man’s dominion over women; however, when viewed as an example of an egalitarian relationship, it offers positive visions for society. This requires resisting a narrative of hyper-individualism to right social wrongs and instead adopting a posture of egalitarian goodwill that bolsters the common good.
A Decade of Earth-Centered Scholarship and Activism
Authors: Allison Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Origin stories reveal the myriad causes that converge to birth a new initiative. On the occasion of its tenth anniversary, this essay looks back to document the context and intellectual lineage out of which the Ecology, Spirituality, and Religion graduate program at the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) emerged in 2013, and suggests some possibilities for the future of transdisciplinary education and the fields of religion and ecology (e.g. Tucker and Grim 2001), religion and nature (e.g. B. Taylor 2010), and spiritual ecology (e.g. Sponsel 2012) more broadly.
Sacred Soil, Green Ideals
Authors: Kramer Einat , Greenspan Itay , Yoreh Tanhum
Published: July 2024

Shemitah, the Jewish sabbatical year, is increasingly being explored in ecological contexts. This research delves into the concept of stewardship examining the evolving discourse on Shemitah across different community sectors in the Israeli press during the last three sabbatical cycles (2007–2008, 2014–2015, and 2021–2022). Our analysis reveals stewardship worldviews that portray Jewish law as either the practical pathway to implement these worldviews or as an inspiration for contemporary socio-environmental initiatives. The secular-liberal sector emphasizes universal stewardship, aligning with Western environmental concepts, while the national-religious sector integrates both universal and particular stewardship, emphasizing the land’s moral dimensions and connecting religious observance with environmental ethics. The ultra-Orthodox sector, though not explicitly expressing eco-theological views, focuses on soil regeneration. This empirical investigation serves as a significant case study and offers valuable guidance for addressing the challenge of instigating behavioral change in religious and traditional populations.
Reproductive output in a small Mediterranean lizard, the western three-toed skinks Chalcides striatus
Authors: Deso Gregory , Bonnet Xavier
Published: July 2024

The Western Three-toed Skink (Chalcides striatus) is a viviparous species found in arid Mediterranean climates. Using artificial shelters, we captured five pregnant females (snout vent length = 139.2 ± 7.9 mm [SD], 131 to 150 mm; total length = 286.0 ± 9.6 mm, 275 to 292 mm [N = 3, two females with damaged tails]); body mass 15.72 ± 3.89 g, 11.55 to 19.88) and kept them in captivity until parturition. Mean litter size and litter mass were 6.2 ± 1.3 (5 to 8 neonates) and 3.85 ± 0.88 g (2.99 to 5.13 g), respectively. Mean neonatal size and mass were 81.2 ± 4.1 mm (total length = 70 to 90 mm, N = 26) and 0.62 ± 0.07 g (0.49 to 0.82 g, N = 31), respectively. On average, the relative litter mass represented 32 ± 3% (29% to 36%) of the postpartum female body mass. The estimated mass of water lost at birth (total mass loss at parturition minus litter mass) was 0.37 ± 0.39 g (0.00 to 0.98 g), representing 10 ± 8% (0 to 26%) of the individual neonate mass. This low value is in line with that expected for viviparous squamates from arid climates, which is much lower than that observed in oviparous or in viviparous squamates from temperate climates. These results help to fill a gap, as the reproductive output of Chalcides striatus has been poorly documented, but mostly because the importance of extraembryonic water mass has been neglected.
Discovery of the malacopathogenic nematode Pellioditis akhaldaba from the Caucasus in alien slugs in the Main Botanical Garden in Moscow
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Spiridonov Sergei E.
Published: July 2024

A member of the genus Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976) was detected in three introduced gastropod species in Moscow for the first time. Both the nematode and its gastropod hosts were found to have originated from the Caucasus region. No native gastropod species as well as the alien invasive slug Arion vulgaris were infected by P. akhaldaba. The Moscow strain of P. akhaldaba is very close to P. akhaldaba from Georgia in the ITS rDNA (7 bp difference) but they differ significantly in the sequences of COI mtDNA (50 bp difference). However, phylogenetic analysis of both loci showed that these two strains were the closest relative to all other species and strains of the genus Pellioditis studied.
Evaluation of the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the disruption in the activity of enzymes related to its biosynthesis
Authors: Zahra Hosseini , Navazollah Sahebani
Published: July 2024

In this study, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in different parts (healthy root, gall, root attached to gall, aerial parts) of healthy tomato plants and plants infected by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, was investigated after treating the roots with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). In addition, the effects of different concentrations of H2O2 (0-2 mM) on mortality, body structures and the digestive system of second-stage juveniles (J2) were also investigated in in vitro experiments. Results showed that exposure to concentrations of more than 1 mM H2O2 is lethal for J2, while the digestive system is not able to tolerate concentrations of more than 0.2 mM. Evaluating the activity level of enzymes related to biosynthesis and removing H2O2 in treated plants also showed that the nematode has significant suppressive effects on the biosynthesis enzymes of this compound, and this effect is greater in the site of nematode activity than in other parts of the plant. By contrast, the activity of catalase enzyme, as one of the H2O2-removing enzymes, shows a significant increase in all parts of nematode infected plants (especially in galls).
Politicizing Ontological Guilt: Arendt’s Transformative Appropriation of Heidegger’s Existential Analytic
Authors: Wittendorff Thomas Ø.
Published: July 2024

To the limited extent that Arendt’s stance on Heidegger has been studied in relation to her thinking on guilt, the focus has been on her outright repudiation of Heidegger’s controversial ontologization of guilt. However, that Arendt does not simply repudiate Heidegger’s account of guilt becomes clear if we recognize that she deals with guilt, albeit less explicitly, in her theory of political action, particularly in her notion of “trespassing” as a specifically political form of harm. In this context, Arendt appropriates key features of Heidegger’s account. I argue that, in doing so, she transfers Heideggerian features into a political framework, insisting that they proceed not from individual existential indebtedness but from political intersubjectivity, or what she polemically – with a redefined Heideggerian term – calls the “with-world” (Mitwelt). This politicization testifies to Arendt’s overall approach to Heidegger’s existential analytic: a critical-transformative appropriation through her signature concepts of action and plurality.
Synergy of Inter-Regional Knowledge Innovation System from the Perspective of Industry-Science-Research Collaborative Networks
Authors: Guo Wenxiu , Lv Yanhua , Yu Qi , Tai Yangfang
Published: July 2024

Knowledge innovation networks formulated by the collaborations between entities (industry department, school, research center and laboratory) evolving over time, varying by regions, is an indicator of inter-regional knowledge innovation linkages. In this work, we proposed a novel synergy analysis approach, taking the structural value of industry-science-research collaborative network as knowledge innovation subsystem parameter. The changing of this parameter indicates the synergy of Inter-Regional Knowledge Innovation System (IRKIS), incorporating the network structure evolution and systematic collaboration, also analyzing the IRKIS synergy capability.

We collected 18,776 articles from 2009–2020 that are related to Alzheimer’s disease participating in China from Web of Science, and 7,941 patent data from the USTPO database. Then, we extracted knowledge innovation departments based on the dimensions of industry-science-research, constructed inter-regional knowledge innovation network, selected Degree Centrality, Close Centrality and Structure Hole as parameters of industry-science, industry-research, and science-research subsystems to analyze the synergy degree of IRKIS. The results indicated that evolution law of IRKIS could be explained through the perspective of industry-science-research collaborative network.

The trend of more international collaborations illustrated by the rapid increasement of inter-regional knowledge innovation network parameter, however, the average synergy level of IRKIS in Alzheimer’s research is still low.
Building the Lesser Caucasus Monumental Landscape during the Bronze Age: Life and Death on the Javakheti Plateau (Georgia)
Authors: Biagi Paolo
Published: July 2024

Surveys carried out in the Javakheti Plateau during the last decade have improved our knowledge of the Bronze Age archaeology of this highland zone of the Lesser Caucasus of Georgia. Surveys have been conducted all over the area surrounding the Mt. Chikiani volcano, along the southern terraces of the Tsalka Reservoir, and some of the north-western slopes of Mt. Paravani. All these territories have yielded impressive evidence of megalithic monuments, stone-walled villages, kurgans, basalt and schist quarries, as well as obsidian extraction and production areas. Among these latter is an important circular platform made of basalt boulders, above which a workshop for the manufacture of obsidian bifacial arrowheads and spearheads was discovered. All the aforementioned features have been GPS-recorded and photographed with the use of a non-professional small drone. They show that the entire region is a monumental landscape, which most probably started to be built around the beginning of the Bronze Age, as many of the lithic finds would suggest.
Constructing, Revealing and Concealing Identity through Oaths in the Late Ancient Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Blidstein Moshe
Published: July 2024

In this article, I will examine the functions of oaths in narratives of encounter, confrontation and polemic between religious communities in late antiquity, especially Jews and Christians. Through an analysis of these narratives, I hope to show that oaths had several functions: specific oath formulae were strongly associated with specific religious identities, and as such could be used to highlight distance between religious groups. However, oaths could be used to demonstrate the permeability of religious boundaries, or even be deployed cunningly to conceal one’s identity or subvert expectations of its performance.
Between Politics and Justice: International Criminal Law in Hungary
Authors: Hoffmann Tamás
Published: July 2024

Hungary has had an intense engagement with international criminal justice. During communism and democracy alike, the normative framework and language of international criminal law was used to delegitimise the political opponent. This article aims to describe the way international criminal law was repeatedly instrumentalized to not simply serve as a genuine tool for justice but also as a potent political pawn through presenting the use of international criminal law in four different time periods: (1) during the post-World War ii war crimes trials at the People’s Tribunals; (2) the adoption of universal jurisdiction during the communist era as a tool of Cold War status competition; (3) in the 1990s, as an instrument of transitional justice; and finally, (4) in the post-2010s, as a tool for memory politics and anti-migration propaganda.
Appropriation and Contestation of Akan Traditional Healing Approaches in the Healing of Mentally Ill Patients at Prayer Camps in Ghana
Authors: Benyah Francis Ethelbert Kwabena
Published: July 2024

Prayer camps are Pentecostal healing centres established across various parts of Ghana. Prayer camps in Ghana have become notable centres offering mainly spiritual help to people with mental health conditions. Arguably, prayer camps serve as a breakpoint or watershed between traditional healing shrines and the ‘gardens’ operated by Spiritual churches, popularly known as Sunsum sorè, in Ghana. Analysing data collected from fieldwork between 2019 and 2021, this article shows that the healing rituals for the mentally ill at prayer camps in Ghana share similarities with traditional healing shrine practices. The article argues that while such practices reveal the appropriation of traditional healing approaches at prayer camps, they also bring the tension and contestation inherent to the concept of appropriation into perspective.
A Second Violation of the Sharia Provision: Egypt’s SCC’s Ruling of 12 May 2013, in the Case No. 37/xxxiii (Annotated and Translated)
Authors: Parolin Gianluca
Published: July 2024

In mid-2013, Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court found a statutory provision in force at the time of the decision to be in violation of the constitutional provision declaring the principles of Islamic sharia the chief source of legislation (Article 2). It was the second time since the provision was originally introduced in the Constitution in 1971 and later amended in 1980. It had only happened once before, in 2006. In the ruling considered here, the Court confirmed its conventional construction of Article 2, and declared that in the case at hand the legislator had simply overstepped its boundaries by restricting the exercise of the grandparents’ visitation rights to the case of the absence of parents. In the eyes of the Court, the legislator was entitled to regulate grandparents’ visitation rights, but in doing so it did not properly align its intervention with the overall objectives of sharia (maqāṣid). The ruling was issued in a relatively peaceful phase that followed a fierce and prolonged confrontation between the Court and Islamists the previous year.
Pentecostal Missiology: Encountering Wounded Society through a Scholarship of Engagement
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon
Published: July 2024

A scholarship of engagement is an approach that connects knowledge systems to the challenges facing society in a meaningful way. This article reviews the literature on Pentecostal missiology to make a new contribution through a scholarship of engagement. Previous studies on Pentecostal missiology have focused on how Pentecostals conduct their mission and very little on how they engage societal problems. This leaves a gap in how Pentecostal missiology as a discipline engages wounded society, particularly in a South African context. Wounds found within South African society, such as gender-based violence, crime, effects of COVID-19, corruption, climate change, and economic crises are highlighted. This article aims to illustrate that Pentecostal missiology must be aware of societal wounds to be able to truly engage with wounded societies. The study challenges Pentecostal missiologists to not only focus on Pentecostal missions inwardly but to also engage society and its challenges through a scholarship of engagement.
Flag Independence without Flags? Mozambican Decolonization on the Periphery of the New Nation
Authors: Zeman Andreas
Published: July 2024

This article examines the history of Mozambican decolonization on the periphery of the new nation, in the province of Niassa. The article offers new insights into our understanding of Mozambique’s decolonization process “on the ground,” complicating Frelimo’s still dominant liberation narrative. As a central argument, the article challenges the romantic idea of the pioneering role of Niassa’s so-called “liberated zones” in Mozambique’s nation building process. It shows that it was not local (wartime) practices that informed national plans, but rather national directives that were imposed on local experiences. Drawing mainly on sources from the Arquivo Permanente do Gabinete do Governador in Lichinga, the article also hopes to highlight the potential of post-colonial archives in Africa, which continue to be neglected.
The Ambiguous Religiosity of Justin Martyr
Authors: Banna Pierluigi
Published: July 2024

The comparison that Justin Martyr makes between the Christianity to which he converted and the traditional cults of his time has two sides that make Justin’s religiosity essentially ambiguous. On the one hand, Justin critically attributes the concepts and practices of ancient religiosity to the influence of demons. On the other hand, he wants to justify the universality of the Logos in human history. For this reason, he recognizes, in an appreciative way, certain traces of truth and morality in Greek wisdom, which finds its fullness and fulfillment in Christ, Logos made flesh.

In the light of this ambiguous religiosity, one can understand why Justin coins the phrase “Christians before Jesus” as a category for Socrates and others. The driving force behind this operation is certainly confessional and proselytising, but for contemporary dialogue it can stimulate a sincere and passionate exchange with the religious position of one’s interlocutors.
The Embassy as an Extension of the Diplomatic Persona
Authors: Verpoest Lien
Published: July 2024

Built by the architect Louis Montoyer in Vienna between 1803 and 1808 for the Russian ambassador to Austria, Andrey Razumovsky, the famous Razumovsky Palace would become the centre of anti-Napoleonic diplomacy in the early nineteenth century and a fixture in Vienna’s lively cultural scene. This article first discusses how the ambassador used his embassy as a meeting place for formal and informal diplomacy that contributed to Russia’s positioning against Napoleon long before the Grande Armée invaded the empire. Secondly, the architectural outline of the Razumovsky Palace is linked to the different cultural functions of the embassy that underpinned and strengthened Razumovsky’s diplomatic network. The final section of the article explores the role of the Razumovsky Palace as a determinant factor in the ambassador’s decision to leave diplomatic service and remain in Vienna until his death in 1836.
On the Ideological and Practical Significance of Siddur Inner Cover Illustrations in Modern Eretz Israel
Authors: Gafni Reuven
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on one visual component within the envelope of the siddur (the Jewish prayer book) that has yet to receive scholarly attention: the artistic illustration appearing on its inner cover (for the siddur in Hebrew, on the first left page). Specifically, it examines the inner cover illustration of six modern Ashkenazi prayer books from Eretz Israel, delving into the marketing and ideological messages embedded within each illustration. The comparative study of these six Ashkenazi siddurim – most of which were created at a time when the liturgical and ideological design of the prayer and synagogue in Eretz Israel was being re-examined, affecting also the design and identity of each siddur – allows us to make an in-depth comparison between the different illustrations, placing each of them within a specific, comparative context.
Response to Frank Ankersmit, Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen, and Paul Roth
Authors: Mitrović Branko
Published: July 2024

In this text I analyze Frank Ankersmit’s, Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen’s, and Paul Roth’s responses to my claim that anti-realism in the philosophy of history entails that the past did not happen. I conclude that Ankersmit has failed to understand the argument I presented, Kuukkanen de facto agrees with my view, while Roth has addressed my earlier criticism of the view that the past can be changed and not the argument that is currently under discussion.
Human Security and Accountability in the Central African Republic: A Bridge Half-Crossed
Authors: Buitelaar Tom
Published: July 2024

In its rhetoric, the United Nations foregrounds the importance of individual accountability for human rights violations. It also emphasizes the necessity of transitional justice in which individual survivors deserve recognition for their suffering and should take a central place in decisions on what happens after periods of violent unrest. These commitments are in line with the central tenets of human security, another key discursive element of the UN’s work, which calls for putting people front and center in the organization’s conflict response. People working in and on UN peace operations have put considerable effort into mainstreaming this approach in the organization’s accountability work. However, this commitment runs into several obstacles on the ground. This paper analyzes these challenges in the context of the UN’s efforts to support transitional justice efforts in the Central African Republic, where the UN has an exceptionally extensive mandate to promote accountability for atrocity crimes.
Weser Old Frisian Dative Plural -on: A West Germanic Isogloss?
Authors: den Hertog Simon
Published: July 2024

The Weser Old Frisian a-stem dative plural ending -on is unusual, since the other Old Frisian dialects reflect -um. This article discusses whether -on is the result of affix borrowing from Old Saxon or the result of a regular sound change, guided by typological and dialectological considerations. The truth appears to lie somewhere in the middle: The ending -on is likely the result of a small-scale sound change that only affected the dialects ancestral to Weser Old Frisian, Old Saxon, and Old Dutch.
Labial Fricatives in the History of Frisian
Authors: Laker Stephen
Published: July 2024

The article has two aims: (1) to survey the main developments of labial fricatives in the history of Frisian; (2) to explain the varied developments of the voiced labial fricative more effectively based on the evidence Old Frisian spellings and reflexes in Modern Frisian dialects. As to the latter aim, it is argued that the currently accepted structural phonological explanation for the emergence of a systematic voicing alternation /f ~ v/ in early Old Frisian is too rigid. In agreement with Theodor Siebs, variable retention and lenition of the voiced bilabial fricative [β] presents another way of accounting for many of the Old Frisian spellings and Modern Frisian dialectal forms.
The Digital Afterlives of Dambudzo Marechera
Authors: Mushakavanhu Tinashe
Published: July 2024

Dambudzo Marechera who died in 1987 remains a fascinating phenomenon in African literary culture. He is very much alive in the visual culture in which he circulates digitally. He is at once posthumous, multiple, and contemporary. Even though Marechera did not live to see the 21st century, he left versions of himself that remain both relevant and resonant. This paper considers the various ways Marechera’s digital afterlives manifest and force us to interrogate the intersections of life, death, personal data and human autonomy and presents a critique of unethical digital resurrection. Who does digital Marechera belong to?
An Afro-cosmological Approach to Marechera’s The House of Hunger (1978)
Authors: Fingson Kundai Watson , Ngara Kudzayi
Published: July 2024

Marechera and his literary texts do not fit easily into Africanist categories of reading, principally due to his vitriolic invocation of the ‘f-word’ when asked if he was an African writer. Despite this iconoclasm, Afro-cosmic creeds undeniably inform aspects of his novella. An Afro-cosmological approach acknowledges non-empirical influences for certain behavioural traits portrayed by various characters in the novella which Marechera utilises and assails to address a ‘diseased’ colonial life. Using Falola’s Ritual Archives (2017), we approach this novella as a repository of Shona social ideation and cultural mythologies of haunting, and the Isisism trope of putting material remains back together. Numerous invocations of Shona cosmologies demonstrate Marechera’s socialisation into an African cosmology which manifests itself in his writing and life in unlimited ways. In sum, we interrogate the author’s use of culture codes to relocate him within an African rationale, thus, unmooring him from the Western-centric frameworks emphasised by Veit-Wild’s memoir (2020). We offer insights into the spirituality surrounding Marechera, his vagabondage and his seemingly self-sabotaging behaviour succinctly summarised by Veit-Wild as ‘biting every hand that fed you.’ Flora Veit-Wild, using the logic of a European, fails to appreciate this aspect of his life. In this article we recentre an African cosmology through the topos of being haunted to conceptualise Marechera’s writing and life to account for non-Western occurrences and modes of psychic distress which find no diagnosis in Western psychiatry.
The Mother Complex in Dambudzo Marechera’s Life and Works
Authors: Matsika Tsiidzai
Published: July 2024

Dambudzo Marechera, an iconic figure in Zimbabwean literature, is often celebrated for his avant-garde and confrontational literary style. His works, which reflect a tumultuous life marked by personal and political strife, also reveal a complex relationship with women. His upbringing in the slums of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) exposed him to poverty, violence, and racial tensions. Marechera’s mother, Masvotwa Venezia Marechera, was a maid, and he often depicted her in the context of Rhodesian violence and prostitution. His strained relationship with his family, especially his mother, is apparent in his works and biographical information on him. His relationship with his mother seems to have contributed to his ambivalent portrayal and understanding of women. This fraught connection with his mother hints at a mother complex, a psychological concept which describes a son’s emotional attachment and conflict with his mother. This study delves into the ‘Mother Complex’ as a recurring motif in Marechera’s narratives, examining how it shapes his life, characters, and themes. Drawing from Marechera’s own experiences and his relationship as reflected in his writings and Wild-Veit’s memoir, They Called You Dambudzo, this analysis explores the psychological and symbolic dimensions of the mother archetype as reflected in his literature and life. The discussion highlights how Marechera’s portrayal of motherhood—ranging from nurturing to oppressive—mirrors his ambivalent attitude towards maternal authority and the traditional roles assigned to women in society. Marechera conceives female characters as more than mere muses; they represent different facets of femininity and cultural identity. They evoke vulnerability and agency. The discussion considers the broader socio-cultural context of post-colonial Zimbabwe, where the mother figure often embodies the nation’s collective history and trauma. Marechera’s complex representation of motherhood and women serves as a critique of oppressive structures and a quest for agency amidst cultural dislocation.
Unravelling the identity of lake ecotype of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Slovenia: genetic insights and conservation implications
Authors: Renko Gašper , Bravničar Jernej , Sušnik Bajec Simona , Palandačič Anja , Snoj Aleš
Published: July 2024

The genetic identity and conservation status of lake ecotype of brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Slovenia’s Alpine lakes Bled and Bohinj have been subjected to changes due to historical stocking practices. We aimed to evaluate the genetic differentiation and origins of these populations to advise for correct conservation strategies. Using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analysis on 365 trout specimens, we explored the genetic diversity and structure of these populations, comparing them with potential originators. Results revealed distinct genetic profiles between Bled and Bohinj lake trout, with Bohinj lake trout closely aligned with the native Danubian lineage and Bled lake trout showing a hybrid composition, significantly influenced by hatchery-introduced Atlantic lineage strains. The genetic distinction between these populations underscores the complexity of their conservation, showcasing the impact of human-mediated introductions on natural populations. The urgent need for conservation measures to preserve the Bohinj population’s native genetic pool is highlighted, underlining the must to prevent the transfer of individuals from Lake Bled or elsewhere and to reconsider stocking practises in order to prevent further genetic dilution of these iconic European lake dwellers.
Less, but Not Zero Pollution? The Revision of the EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive
Authors: Bartolucci Bellinda , Esen Selin
Published: July 2024

The Industrial Emissions Directive (ied) governs the permitting of more than 50,000 large-scale industrial installations across the EU and their emissions into air, water and soil. Under the European Green Deal, the ied has been undergoing a revision process which was finalised in April 2024. This article gives an overview of some of the main changes to the law and the next steps for Member States, industry and individuals affected by industrial pollution. It looks in particular at the expansion of the ied’s scope to some new sectors, while continuing to keep industrial cattle rearing outside of the scope. It also considers how the amended permitting regime has the potential to prevent more pollution, if applied effectively by authorities. Lastly, the improved enforcement tools are discussed with an emphasis on the compensation right – the first of its kind in EU environmental law – requiring effective access to compensation for individuals affected by illegal industrial pollution.
Recent Contact-Induced Morphosyntactic Changes in the Lower Kolyma Region
Authors: Matić Dejan , Nikolaeva Irina
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with recent contact-induced changes in the grammar of two languages of the Lower Kolyma tundra, Tundra Yukaghir (TY) and Lower Kolyma Even (LKE). The morphosyntax of these languages has undergone a rather strong influence from Sakha in the course of the 20th century. The investigation focusses on the structural copying of Sakha patterns into TY and LKE, which resulted in the emergence of several new categories, in particular, the future imperative, the necessitive based on the future participle with or without proprietive marking, evaluative morphology, and contrastive markers deriving from the converbs of the copula verb. In addition, the TY system of differential object marking has changed under the influence of Sakha. These phenomena are interpreted against their historical and sociolinguistic settings, specifically, the types of multilingual situations in the region. The ramifications of the findings for the theory of language contact are also discussed.
Incorporation as a Grammaticalization Pathway
Authors: Kantarovich Jessica
Published: July 2024

In addition to canonical noun incorporation, Chukchi exhibits other kinds of incorporating morphology that are consistent with polysynthesis but have seldom been considered as part of a unified morphological phenomenon. This paper examines different patterns of incorporation in Chukchi across time and asks: what are the useful loci of variation for typological comparison, how do these distinct patterns emerge diachronically, and how do these features spread in contact? I consider the existing documentation of Chukchi from the early 20th century through the present, including modern data which exhibits some novel patterns. Consistent with previous investigations of Chukchi in contact (Bogoras, 1922; de Reuse, 1994; Pupynina and Aralova, 2021), I demonstrate that the effects Chukchi has had on other languages is greater than the reverse: many morphological phenomena in Chukchi are internally-motivated and emerge from speakers’ reliance on incorporation as a discourse strategy. Specifically, I provide a unified analysis of incorporation across the nominal and verbal domains, valency-changing derivational morphology, and inflectional morphology built on the morpheme -in(e), which I argue functions as a generic underspecified noun in the language. In the realm of language contact, I propose a cline to model patterns in the borrowing of derivational phenomena like incorporation, and present shared patterns in Chukchi, Central Siberian Yupik, and Even which support this cline. Finally, I examine data from Chukchi as it is spoken today and argue that the historical linguistic ecology of northeastern Siberia has made it possible for incorporation to remain highly productive even with significant shift to Russian.
A formalized statement of traditional terminology in Middle Chinese phonology
Authors: CHEN Ziche , RAO Qi
Published: July 2024

Ever since its birth in the pre-linguistic period, traditional Chinese phonology has contributed essentially to the study, both philological and linguistic, of historical Chinese phonology; nevertheless, a systematic retrospect of this academic custom from the pure perspective of linguistics remains largely blank. Concentrating on classical philological resources, this essay works out a clearly defined set of terminology with little dependence on the phonetic natures of these units, which may serve as an evaluative metric on the phonological reconstruction of Middle Chinese as well as a review of the long-ignored academic tradition of phonological studies in ancient Chinese philology.
A new study of the Kubyaukgyi (Myazedi) inscription
Authors: MIYAKE Marc
Published: July 2024

This paper is a new analysis of the ‘Rosetta Stone’ for the decipherment of the extinct Pyu language once spoken in what is now Upper Burma. The two pillars collectively known as the Kubyaukgyi (a.k.a. Myazedi) inscription from c. 1112 CE provide two copies of the same text in four languages: Old Burmese, Old Mon, Pali, and Pyu. I present a critical edition of the text based on newly taken photographs using RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) technology. I provide English glosses and translations of all versions of the text found on the better preserved pillar (A) and notes on the phonology of the Pyu text. As online supplementary material I provide readings of the four faces of the less well preserved pillar (B), a glossary of all words in the Pyu text including their equivalents in the other three languages of the inscription, and an apparatus of readings from previous scholarship. Unlike previous Western scholarship on the Kubyaukgyi, this paper incorporates the findings of earlier Japanese studies of the Kubyaukgyi inscription. It also takes into account recent developments in Mon and Pyu language studies.
Analyzing the Impact of the Climate Emergency on Shipping through Analogical Interpretation of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jawara Lamin , Johansson Tafsir M.
Published: July 2024

A profound apprehension across the scientific and political landscape on the increasing severity of the adverse effects of climate change has provoked a rethink on tackling the challenges. These challenges have questioned the status quo on current governance arrangements and its relevance in addressing extant environmental exigencies. Besides the urgent need to reduce anthropogenic emissions and the swiftly intensifying trajectory of global warming, there is also the urgent need to adapt to the consequences of the changing climate due to its impact on societal well-being. The quest for societal behaviors to remain in sync with a rapidly changing environment has propelled scholarly exploration in the direction of the climate emergency. However, as the issue of the climate emergency in shipping is largely unexplored, research into understanding of the phenomenon is an essential prerequisite. The article uses experiences gained from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global shipping as a tool to address the governance of climate emergencies in global shipping. This goal is achieved through the application of expert opinion in analogical mapping which lays the foundation for the knowledge interpretation. The results of the analysis confirmed the existence of structure similarities between pandemics and the climate emergency through attribute variables that are common to both phenomena.
Elisabeth Mann Borgese: Reflections from the Past for the Future of Earth Systems Governance
Authors: Prior Tahnee Lisa
Published: July 2024

In a time of global ecological crisis, some legal scholars are calling for the convergence of law and Earth Systems Governance as a pathway for moving forward. Specifically, the Earth Systems Governance Framework is understood as an approach to steering the co-evolution of human-environment systems. However, as I argue, this path forward may not necessarily be new. Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002), Nobel Peace Prize nominee and founder of the International Oceans Institute, spent the better part of the past century theorizing, as well as seeking to implement, such ecological relational thinking. In this Reflection, I briefly introduce some of Mann Borgese’s contributions to global ocean governance and the ways in which her thinking speaks to ongoing research in the areas of Earth Systems Governance and Earth Systems Law.
Il misolidio: testimonianze, impiego, lineamenti di storia della musica
Authors: Pitotto Elisabetta
Published: July 2024

This article clarifies what was meant by ‘Mixolydian,’ that is, which sequence of intervals and, possibly, of sounds could be associated with this designation. Its aim is to search for traces of the authors who invented, modified, or preferred to use this ἁρμονία, in order both to study its use from the Archaic period to the end of the Classical period and to position it within our general knowledge of the history of ancient Greek music.
Two Latin Translations of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Problems on Harmony (Section 19) Compared
Authors: Raffa Massimo
Published: July 2024

Out of the whole corpus of the so-called Musici scriptores Graeci, the only texts to be translated into Latin, and therefore to be known in the West during the Middle Ages, were the two sections of the pseudo-Aristotelian Problems dealing with musical matters: the Questions on the Voice (Section 11) and the Questions of Harmonics (Section 19). This article tackles the two most relevant Latin translations of the latter, by Bartholomew of Messina and Theodore Gaza (13th and 15th cent. AD respectively), which stand out as turning points in the reception of this work. Bartholomew’s translation was widespread in the main Italian and European cultural centres; it was through it that the text, which at that time was considered genuinely Aristotelian, was made accessible to medieval music theorists. Theodore’s version, on the other hand, was meant to offer a style palatable to the humanists’ more refined tastes; however, although undoubtedly more elegant than Bartholomew’s somehow clumsy Latin, it failed to entirely replace it. A comparison of the two is provided here, in order to describe, on the one hand, their authors’ different approaches to a text which is often arduous and even damaged in some points; on the other hand, to notice how their rendition of the Greek is in some cases affected by the musical culture of their own times.
Can Multisensory Olfactory Training Improve Olfactory Dysfunction Caused by COVID-19?
Authors: Filiz Gözde , Bérubé Simon , Demers Claudia , Cloutier Frank , Chen Angela , Pek Valérie , Hudon Émilie , Bolduc-Bégin Josiane , Frasnelli Johannes
Published: July 2024

Approximately 30–60% of people suffer from olfactory dysfunction (OD) such as hyposmia or anosmia after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 15–20% of these cases last beyond resolution of the acute phase. Previous studies have shown that olfactory training can be beneficial for patients affected by OD caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a multisensory olfactory training involving simultaneously tasting and seeing congruent stimuli is more effective than the classical olfactory training. We recruited 68 participants with persistent OD for two months or more after COVID-19 infection; they were divided into three groups. One group received olfactory training which involved smelling four odorants (strawberry, cheese, coffee, lemon; classical olfactory training). The other group received the same olfactory stimuli but presented retronasally (i.e., as droplets on their tongue); while simultaneous and congruent gustatory (i.e., sweet, salty, bitter, sour) and visual (corresponding images) stimuli were presented (multisensory olfactory training). The third group received odorless propylene glycol in four bottles (control group). Training was carried out twice daily for 12 weeks. We assessed olfactory function and olfactory specific quality of life before and after the intervention. Both intervention groups showed a similar significant improvement of olfactory function, although there was no difference in the assessment of quality of life. Both multisensory and classical training can be beneficial for OD following a viral infection; however, only the classical olfactory training paradigm leads to an improvement that was significantly stronger than the control group.
‘I Want to Marry Her, But I Won’t’: Civil Society Protest Against a Migrant Marriage Income Bar in the Netherlands (1984)
Authors: Jonker Massimo , Schrover Marlou
Published: July 2024

In July 2023, the Dutch coalition government collapsed over the issue of family immigration policies. The coalition partners disagreed on how to restrict the immigration of family members. It was not the first time the Dutch government sought to introduce restrictions. An earlier attempt in 1984 resulted in a large protest against a Dutch government measure, which restricted the possibilities for young people with a migratory background to marry a partner who was not living in the Netherlands. The protest was connected to larger debates on family migration, measures introduced trying to restrict it, and – in a broad sense – to debates about civil society movements, intimate citizenship, politics of belonging and the restrictionist paradox, as this article will explain. This article also seeks to explain the interaction between organisations, media and politicians.
The Arc of Nordic Multiculturalism Policies (1974–2006). A Divergent Convergence
Authors: Tawat Mahama
Published: July 2024

Nordic countries are similar when it comes to migratory trends. However, when the ‘multicultural question’ erupted in the 1970s, they opted for different policies. In the early 2000s, some scholars analysed a retreat from multiculturalism policies and a civic integrationist turn. Yet, our knowledge of the processes of convergence or divergence per se of these policies is still limited. Using the comparative method, this article shows that, during that period of time, the five Nordic countries were divided into two camps, with little mixing in terms of policy content: multiculturalist (Sweden and Norway) and assimilationist (Denmark and Iceland). Finland shifted its policy from assimilation to multiculturalism in the 1990s, when it became a country of immigration. It adopted the same range of multicultural policies as Sweden and Norway; Sweden was the leader on this and Denmark was the least multiculturalist. Negative feedback was the most recurrent mechanism of policy reproduction.
Virtue before Punishment and Punishment before Reward: a Comparative Study of Two Early Chinese Penal Virtue Theories
Authors: Xu Ying
Published: July 2024

The silk manuscripts of Huang-Lao, unearthed at the Mawangdui Han Tombs, articulate a theory that advocates nurturing penal virtue through the prioritization of virtue before punishment. Many scholars have used Han Fei’s concept of xingde-erbing 刑德二柄 to explain the theory and give it context. Contrasted with Legalism, represented by Shang Yang and Han Fei, which emphasizes rewards and punishments – with Shang Yang advocating punishment before reward – the Huang-Lao doctrine extends beyond this dichotomy. It notably diverges in its exploration of the relationship between the heavens and humanity, as well as theories on motivations underlying human nature. Han Fei’s concept of the xingde-erbing fundamentally aligns with Shang Yang’s approach to governance through the mechanisms of punishment and reward. Moreover, Han Fei’s notion of yindao quanfa 因道全法 posits that sovereigns, by governing according to universal principles and fully understanding the law, can ensure state peace and deter major crimes. However, this concept is distinct from Huang-Lao thought, which does not share the same ideological framework as the reward-punishment methods of Shang Yang and Han Fei. The analogous approach of the prioritization of virtue before punishment found in Guanzi, which stresses that wise and virtuous monarchs govern by aligning their decrees with the natural progression of the seasons, is closely aligned with Huang-Lao philosophy. The present analysis clarifies the longstanding intellectual debates between Huang-Lao and Legalism, affirming the distinctiveness of Huang-Lao’s penal virtue theory and illuminating the conceptualization of the heaven-human relationship during the Warring States period.