bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An examination of the current National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment system and a new pneumatic ram method for evaluating American football helmet performance to reduce risk of concussion
Authors: Hoshizaki Thomas Blaine , Karton Clara , Oeur R. Anna , Kendall Marshall , Dawson Lauren , Post Andrew
Published: April 2016

Brain injuries are prevalent in the sport of American football. Helmets have been used which effectively have reduced the incidence of traumatic brain injury, but have had a limited effect on concussion rates. In an effort to improve the protective capacity of American football helmets, a standard has been proposed by National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment that may better represent helmet-to-helmet impacts common to football concussions. The purpose of this research was to examine the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standard and a new impact method similar to the proposed National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standard to examine the information these methods provide on helmet performance. Five National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment–certified American football helmets were impacted according to the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standard test and a new method based on the proposed standard test. The results demonstrated that the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment test produced larger linear accelerations than the new method, which were a reflection of the stiffer compliance of the standard meant to replicate traumatic brain injury mechanisms of injury. When the helmets were impacted using a new helmet-to-helmet method, the results reflected significant risk of concussive injury but showed differences in rotational acceleration responses between different helmet models. This suggests that the new system is sensitive enough to detect the effect of different design changes on rotational acceleration, a metric more closely associated with risk of concussion. As only one helmet produced magnitudes of response lower than the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment pass/fail using the new system, and all helmets passed the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standard, these results suggest that further development of helmet technologies must be undertaken to reduce this risk in the future. Finally, these results show that it would be prudent to use both standards together to address risk of injury from traumatic brain injury and concussion.
From palliative therapy to prolongation of survival: 223RaCl2 in the treatment of bone metastases
Authors: Liepe Knut , Shinto Ajit
Published: April 2016

Patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer often have multiple bone metastases. The resulting bone pain is associated with reduced life quality, increased cost of therapy and impairment of overall survival. Trials with bone-targeting β-emitters have mostly showed an effect on alleviation of bone pain along with prolongation in survival, documented in only a limited number of patients. A randomized phase III trial (ALSYMPCA) using the α-emitter 223RaCl2 (Xofigo®) showed for the first time, a longer overall survival of 3.6 months in treated patients as a sign of an antitumor effect. The time to first skeletal-related events was also significantly longer in the therapy group compared with placebo. Because of the short range of α-emitter, the bone marrow toxicity of radium therapy is low, and so this radionuclide could also be a candidate for combination with chemotherapy. The elimination of 223RaCl2 is mainly through the gastrointestinal tract and side effects are mainly in this area. The procedure is similar to treatment with other bone-seeking agents and consists of six administrations of 50 kBq/kg bodyweight Xofigo®, repeated every 4 weeks. At present Xofigo® is only approved for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Long-Term Performance of Point-of-Care Hemoglobin A1c Assays
Authors: Paknikar Sujaytha , Sarmah Rohan , Sivaganeshan Losika , Welke Adam , Rizzo Al , Larson Kirk , Rendell Marc
Published: April 2016

Background:

Point-of-care (POC) testing of HbA1c is used as a time-efficient tool to improve treatment and management planning for diabetes in the clinic setting. HbA1c values are the basis for monitoring ongoing response to treatment and to make adjustments to diabetes therapy. Yet, there is ongoing controversy as to the accuracy of POC assays. Diabetes is a lifelong disease, so comparability of results over a long period of time is needed to follow the response to treatment.

Methods:

We compared the Afinion™ automated boronate affinity assay and the DCA Vantage immunoassay-based POC techniques to the Tosoh G8 and Bio-Rad Variant II ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) central laboratory methods in a study lasting 3 years. College of American Pathology Survey results and American Proficiency testing were utilized to assess the external validity of the POC techniques.

Results:

Despite high correlations among the 4 techniques, there were significant and variable differences obtained over time. The Biorad values varied from 0.1 to 0.4% higher than the Afinion values. The DCA results were usually higher than the Afinion values, but fell below the Afinion results in the last 6 months of our study. Both POC techniques gave systematically lower values than the Tosoh measurements, and both the POC and the central laboratory measurements showed variable differences from the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program values over the duration of this study.

Conclusions:

All who rely on POC methods as well as on central laboratory measurement of HbA1c must understand the potential limitations of these assays. The assessment of diabetes blood sugar control should proceed from the evaluation of HbA1c combined with review of plasma glucose and of self-monitored blood glucose values.
The Relationship between Trauma, Arrest, and Incarceration History among Black Americans
Authors: Jäggi Lena J. , Mezuk Briana , Watkins Daphne C. , Jackson James S.
Published: April 2016

Prior research indicates an association between exposure to trauma (e.g., being victimized) and perpetration of crime, especially in the context of chronic victimization. This study examines the relationship between trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and history of arrest and incarceration among a representative sample of black Americans from the National Survey of American Life (N = 5,189). One-third had a history of arrest, and 18 percent had a history of incarceration. Frequency of trauma exposure was associated with involvement with the criminal justice system. Relative to never experiencing trauma, experiencing ≥4 traumas was associated with elevated odds of arrest (odds ratio [OR] = 4.03), being jailed (OR = 5.15), and being imprisoned (OR = 4.41), all p < .01. PTSD was also associated with likelihood of incarceration among those with a history of trauma (OR = 2.18, p < .01). Both trauma exposure and trauma-associated psychopathology are associated with increased likelihood of arrest and incarceration in adulthood among black Americans.
Same context, different political paths: Two Islamic movements in Turkey
Authors: Kirdiş Esen
Published: April 2016

Two Islamic actors in Turkey have transformed the state’s strict control of the religious field (laicism). While the National Outlook Movement, the “mother-movement” of the governing Justice and Development Party, did so through its “participation” in party politics, the Gülen Movement, Turkey’s most powerful Islamic movement that operates hundreds of schools and a major media network, contributed to this transformation through its “non-participation” in party politics as a social movement, providing an alternative to laicist establishments outside of institutional channels. These two movements, by following different political paths, have embodied different opportunities for and challenges to Turkish democratization. To understand their influence in Turkish politics today, this article will adapt a “method of difference” and ask what explains these two Islamic movements’ variation in regards to party politics and what the consequences of this variation are for Turkish politics. Based on qualitative fieldwork in Turkey, this article will argue that both movements have made their decisions about party politics by strategically and differently evaluating the political opportunities/threats of party politics in light of their varying ideological priorities and organizational needs, and that these strategic decisions have transformed the movements themselves and the Turkish regime altering the laicist status quo between them.
Commercialization of Traditional Crafts of South and South East Asia: A Conceptual Model based on Review of Literature
Authors: Chutia Lakhimi Jogendranath , Sarma Mrinmoy K.
Published: April 2016

This article identifies, through a retrospective study of literature, the transitional dynamics of traditional crafts of South and South East Asia. It aims to explain the various factors that necessitate commercialization of crafts, the most important element in transitional dynamics. The review of literature functions at two levels: on the one hand, it reiterates the relationship between commercialization and transition of crafts, whereas, on the other hand, it reveals the changes which accrue to the crafts of the region. A significant number of researchers have documented the reasons behind commercialization and subsequent modification of crafts, which take place either through tourism or through the expansion of export markets. Some countries go into commercial production mode for the betterment of the extremely poor craft-making communities, whereas others try to revive decaying traditions. In such instances of commercialization, it is important to understand the extent of the producer–customer interface that acts as a catalyst in the commoditization and modification of crafts. In regions where tourism flourishes, producers often commercialize their crafts spontaneously, whereas in regions where direct tourists as customers are not adequate in number, organizations, particularly non-governmental organizations (NGOs), play a vital role in the process of sponsored commercialization by linking producers with customers.
Common fixed point theorems under $(R,\mathcal {S})$-contractivity conditions
Authors: Roldán-López-de-Hierro Antonio-Francisco , Shahzad Naseer
Published: April 2016

Very recently, Roldán-López-de-Hierro and Shahzad introduced the notion of R-contractions as an extension of several notions given by different researchers (for instance, R-contractions generalize Meir-Keeler contractions, $\mathcal{Z}$
Z
-contractions - involving simulation functions - by Khojasteh et al., manageable contractions by Du and Khojasteh, Geraghty’s contractions, Banach contractions, etc.). In this manuscript, we use R-functions to present existence and uniqueness coincidence (and common fixed) point results under a contractivity condition that extend some celebrated contractive mappings. In our main theorems, we employ a binary relation on the metric space, which does not have to be a partial order. Finally, we illustrate our technique with an example in which other previous statements cannot be applied: in fact, we show how to apply our main results to a new kind of contractivity conditions which cannot be expressed in separate variables.
Attribute expression of channel forms in a hybrid carbonate turbidite formation
Authors: Wallet Bradley C.
Published: April 2016

Much of the world’s conventional oil and gas production comes from turbidite systems. Interpreting them in three dimensions using commercially available software generally requires seismic attributes. Hybrid carbonate turbidite systems are an interesting phenomenon that is not fully understood. I have examined the attribute expression of channel forms in a hybrid carbonate turbidite system from off the coast of Western Australia. I have determined several characteristic responses to attributes that improve the ability to identify and delineate the channel forms. Finally, I have evaluated and developed a workflow that is effective at modeling and extracting the channel forms in three dimensions, leading to a product that can be used in further understanding of how carbonate turbidite systems develop.
Vitamin D-Fortified Bread Is as Effective as Supplement in Improving Vitamin D Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R. , Zahedirad Maliheh , Mohammadi Mehrdad , Hosseini S. Hedayat , Abdollahi Zahra , Salehi Foroozan , Mirzay Razaz Jalaledin , Shariatzadeh Nastaran , Kalayi Ali , Lotfollahi Neda , Maleki Mohammad-Reza
Published: April 2016

Context:

Bread can potentially be a suitable vehicle for fortification with vitamin D.

Objective:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the following: 1) the bioavailability of vitamin D from the fortified Iranian bread and 2) the possible effects of daily consumption of the fortified bread on certain health aspects.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted over 8 weeks in 90 healthy subjects aged 20–60 years.

Intervention:

Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups: 1) fortified bread (FP; 50 g bread fortified with 25 μg vitamin D3 plus placebo daily; n = 30); 2) supplement (SP; 50 g plain bread plus 25 μg vitamin D supplement daily; n = 30); and 3) control (CP; 50 g plain bread plus placebo daily; n = 30).

Outcome Measures:

Initial and final anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed.

Results:

The within-group changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 39.0 ± 22.6 (P < .001), 28.9 ± 31.2 (P < .001), and −9.2 ± 12.3 nmol/L in the FP, SP, and CP groups, respectively. Only in FP and SP groups, serum intact PTH concentrations decreased approximately 13.5% and 14.5%, respectively. Visceral fat also showed a significant decrement in FP (−1.05% ± 1.4%; P ≤ .001) and SP (−0.96% ± 1.7%; P = .006). Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration showed a within-group reduction in FP (−10.4 ± 11.2 mg/dL; P < .001) and an insignificant decrement in SP (−6.6 ± 20.2 mg/dL; P = .083). Serum high-density lipoprotein increased in both vitamin D-supplemented groups (FP: 9.7 ± 7.6 vs SP: 5.7 ± 6.7 mg/dL; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Vitamin D-fortified bread could be potentially effective in raising circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of the population to nearly adequate levels.
Insecure Labor, Insecure Debt: Building a Workforce for Coffee in the Soconusco, Chiapas
Authors: Lurtz Casey Marina
Published: April 2016

Between 1870 and 1920, the department of the Soconusco in Chiapas, Mexico, became the country's largest exporter of coffee to global markets. The expansion of this economy required the mobilization of an ever larger workforce in the service of international commerce. Yet, as this article argues, global demand could only remake social and economic relations within the parameters of entrenched local structures. In the Soconusco, the development and endurance of incentivized contracts as opposed to coercive debt peonage were the result of tapping into a dispersed and diversified labor pool. By looking at the history of finca San Juan las Chicharras, this article explores both the day-to-day functioning of coffee plantations and the ways in which workers, planters, and politicians alike grappled with the redirection of their output toward ever more lucrative export production.
“From Sparrow to Phoenix”: Imagining Gender Transformation through Taiwanese Women's Variety TV
Authors: Martin Fran
Published: April 2016

Through analysis of the fashion-and-beauty variety program 《女人我最大》 (English title Queen), launched in 2003 by Taiwan cable channel TVBS-G and now spreading in syndicated adaptations in China, this paper examines the pop-cultural consolidation of a new category of feminine identity: the 輕熟女 (qingshounü, lit. “young-mature woman”). Drawing on interviews with viewers conducted in Taipei in 2011, the article analyzes audience responses to the program to argue that Queen both reflects and (re)constructs a popular understanding of qingshounü as a new, transitional stage in the life cycle of femininity in urban, late-modern commodity culture. Positioned between “girl (student)” (女生) and “respectable (married) woman” (婦女) or “mama” (媽媽), the qingshounü is defined by her spending power, her relative independence from the burdens of reproductive and domestic labor, and her focus on personal pleasure and individual satisfaction.

I propose that by demarcating a woman's freedom to “live for herself” and (re)make herself within a temporary life phase, the qingshounü concept is fundamentally structured by a central ambivalence: it at once imagines postfamilial feminine identity and underscores the utopian character of such imagining in light of the still-dominant social expectation that after her youth, a woman will dedicate her energies to her family as much as or more than to herself. The uneasy coexistence of these competing frameworks marks a point of tension and negotiation between historically distinct technologies of feminine selfhood in Taiwan today.
The Dis/appearance of Animals in Animated Film during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966–76
Authors: Du Daisy Yan
Published: April 2016

Conventional studies of the Chinese Cultural Revolution usually come from a human-centered perspective that focuses on politics, revolution, and class struggle dramatized in well-established artistic forms such as literature, live-action film, theater, and painting. This kind of approach is presence-centered by drawing attention to the most visible scenarios under the revolutionary limelight at that time. In contrast, this article calls attention to what was invisible in the much-discussed cultural scene: how animals were represented and underrepresented in animation, a marginalized artistic form. Animation, like fairytale, fable, and parable, is usually an artistic form of fantasy full of (talking) animals. Prior to the Cultural Revolution, animated film was replete with (anthropomorphic) animals. As animated film began to be dominated by politicized human action in the mid-1960s, animals systematically disappeared from the silver screen until the late 1970s. The Chinese Cultural Revolution can therefore be redefined as a decade of absent animals. However, these animals did not vanish completely during the Cultural Revolution; rather they took refuge in the bodies of ethnic minorities and villains, waiting for opportunities to return, seek revenge, and talk back. The disappearance of animals in the mid-1960s marked the start of the Cultural Revolution but also paved the way for its own ideological demise. When the wrathful animals returned to the screen in the late 1970s, the seemly impregnable ideology of the Cultural Revolution gradually disintegrated.
Clay Bodies, Moon Jars, and Materiality: Reconciling Dualisms in the Paintings of Kim Whanki
Authors: Hahn Christine Y.
Published: April 2016

This article examines through case study the dilemma faced by modern Korean painters who came of age during the turbulent years of approximately 1930–75, when the question of artistic style and representation became inextricably linked to issues of identity at the level of both the individual and the nation. Many South Korean painters from this period turned to the idea of materiality, the amplification or replication of soil, rice, and earthenware on painted surfaces, as a means to create a visual culture that was bound to a unique Koreanness while simultaneously emerging as universal and timeless.

The article focuses on the work of one artist in particular, arguably South Korea's best known from this period, the painter Kim Whanki. Through an examination of Kim's oeuvre, I argue that he sought to develop a method of painting that allowed him to fuse the painterly practice of Western modernism with the process and surface of Korean earthenware to create a new visual language that disengaged from simple dualisms between East and West. Instead, Kim sought to envision a mode of painting that allowed both artwork and artist to embody the ambiguity of somewhere in between.
Mesolysis Processes with Benzylic Carbon–Oxygen Bond Cleavage in Radical Anions of Aryl Benzyl Ethers Studied by Electron Pulse Radiolysis in DMF
Authors: Yamaji Minoru , Tojo Sachiko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Sugimoto Akira , Majima Tetsuro
Published: April 2016

Based on transient absorption measurements obtained upon electron-pulse radiolysis of aromatic ethers in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), mesolysis processes of the radical anions were investigated. We observed transient absorption spectral change due to the formation of the radical anions in the temperature range (220–295 K). The transient absorption of the radical anions decreased with first-order kinetics along with the growth of the absorption spectrum of the corresponding benzylic radical. Arrhenius analysis of the decay rates of the radical anions provided the activation energies and the frequency factors for the mesolysis. These observations indicated that the mesolysis of the radical anions occurs via a stepwise mechanism, resulting in the formation of benzylic radical and phenolate anion due to the C–O bond cleavage.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling Partial Least Squares for on-line Monitoring of the Concentration Process of Wangbi Tablets
Authors: Yang Yue , Jin Ye , Wu Yongjiang , Chen Yong
Published: April 2016

As a rapid and accurate technique, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely used in process monitoring to improve efficiency and ensure quality consistency. In the present work, the application of NIR spectroscopy for on-line quantitative monitoring of the concentration process of Wangbi tablets was investigated. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on the full-range spectra or the key wavelengths selected by the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method were established. The accuracy of the CARS-PLSR method was greater than that of full-spectrum PLSR for three quality parameters (soluble solid contents, paeoniflorin and icariin). For the prediction set samples using the CARS-PLSR models the coefficients of determination ( r2) and root mean square error [ RMSEP (%)] were 0.97 and 1.29 for soluble solid contents, 0.93 and 0.014 for paeoniflorin and 0.85 and 0.009 for icariin, respectively. Overall the results indicated that NIR spectroscopy coupled with CARS-PLSR calibration is a reliable and non-destructive alternative method for on-line monitoring of the concentration process of Wangbi tablets on an industrial scale.
Unpacking the Long-Run Effects of Tariff Shocks: New Structural Implications from Firm Heterogeneity Models
Authors: Spearot Alan
Published: April 2016

I derive a novel solution for the general equilibrium effects of tariffs that is robust to heterogeneity across industries and countries, and is a function of only aggregate trade data and country-by-industry Pareto shape parameters. Using the model to evaluate tariff shocks, I show that while most countries lose by removing observed tariffs unilaterally, India, Japan, Korea, and the United States gain by doing so, which suggests inefficient tariff discrimination. In evaluating multilateral shocks, observed tariff cuts over 1994 –2000 benefit 69 percent of countries, with these benefits skewed toward developing nations. In contrast, removing all post-2000 tariffs benefit the developed. (JEL F12, F13, F14)
Generalized Systematic Risk
Authors: Kadan Ohad , Liu Fang , Liu Suying
Published: April 2016

We generalize the concept of “systematic risk” to a broad class of risk measures potentially accounting for high distribution moments, downside risk, rare disasters, as well as other risk attributes. We offer two different approaches. First is an equilibrium framework generalizing the Capital Asset Pricing Model, two-fund separation, and the security market line. Second is an axiomatic approach resulting in a systematic risk measure as the unique solution to a risk allocation problem. Both approaches lead to similar results extending the traditional beta to capture multiple dimensions of risk. The results lend themselves naturally to empirical investigation. (JEL D81, G11, G12)
The dynamics of spatio-temporal Rho GTPase signaling: formation of signaling patterns
Authors: Fritz Rafael Dominik , Pertz Olivier
Published: April 2016

Rho GTPases are crucial signaling molecules that regulate a plethora of biological functions. Traditional biochemical, cell biological, and genetic approaches have founded the basis of Rho GTPase biology. The development of biosensors then allowed measuring Rho GTPase activity with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. This revealed that Rho GTPase activity fluctuates on time and length scales of tens of seconds and micrometers, respectively. In this review, we describe Rho GTPase activity patterns observed in different cell systems. We then discuss the growing body of evidence that upstream regulators such as guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins shape these patterns by precisely controlling the spatio-temporal flux of Rho GTPase activity. Finally, we comment on additional mechanisms that might feed into the regulation of these signaling patterns and on novel technologies required to dissect this spatio-temporal complexity.
Are scientific abstracts written in poetic verse an effective representation of the underlying research?
Authors: Illingworth Sam
Published: April 2016

The central purpose of science is to explain. However, who is that explanation for, and how is this explanation communicated once it has been deduced?

Scientific research is typically communicated via papers in journals, with an abstract presented as a summary of that explanation. However, in many instances they may be written in a manner which is non-communicatory to a lay reader. This study begins to investigate if poetry could be used as an alternative form of communication, by first assessing if poetic verse is an effective form of communication to other scientists. In order to assess this suitability, a survey was conducted in which two different groups of participants were asked questions based on a scientific abstract. One group of participants was given the original scientific abstract, whilst the second group was instead given a poem written about the scientific study. Quantitative analysis found that whilst a scientific audience found a poetic interpretation of a scientific abstract to be no less interesting or inspiring than the original prose, they did find it to be less accessible. However, further qualitative analysis suggested that the poem did a good job in conveying a similar meaning to that presented in the original abstract. The results of this study indicate that whilst for a scientific audience poetry should not replace the prose abstract, it could be used alongside the original format to inspire the reader to find out more about the topic. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach for a general audience.
Productivity of New Technological Ways in Economy of Russia
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to obtain estimates of the economic dissemination

of new technological structures in the Russian economy. Construction

of econometric models of the contribution of technological structures in the

shower US GDP allowed establishing their productivity. On this basis, we obtained

estimates of the contribution of new — the fifth and sixth technological structures

in the per capita GDP of Russia. It was found that in today’s Russia is not less

than 40–45% of the national production is ensured by the new — the fifth and

sixth technological structures. These economic assessments of the spread of new

technological structures in modern Russian economy allow improving economic

policies aimed at developing the country’s economy.
Population Ageing in Russia: Main Factors, Characteristics and Consequences
Authors: Дудко  , Dudko K. , Щербаков  , Shcherbakov A.
Published: April 2016

The article considers the main identifying features of the global demographic

trend — population ageing. The mortality and fertility rates, the correlation

between young and elderly people, migration and wars are the key factors which

influence demographic ageing process. The Great Patriotic War and the socioeconomic

reforms of 90th years have had the most significant impact on the

demographic situation in Russia. Today, Russian pension system cannot

overcome the consequences of rapid population ageing. The pension system

continues to improve for increasing the financial efficiency and reducing of the

tax burden on the economically active population. For above mentioned reasons

the next step of innovative pension reform relates with the increase of the

women’s retirement age.
VAR As a Tool to Assess the Market Risk of Trading Positions of a Commercial Bank
Authors: Попова  , Popova Anna
Published: April 2016

Forecasting of any risk is the crucial activity for any commercial bank. In current

situation market risk is an important element needed to be analyzed. The

probability of this type of risk may be affected by the change in the market value

of financial instruments and by the volatility of foreign exchange rates. Nowadays

in Russia each organization should conduct proper risk-management and be able

to predict possible losses. The article presents the assessment of the market risk

by the example of the price of the common share of the Bank of Moscow.

Forecasting is implemented by three models: ARIMA, Value-at-Risk and VAR.

Scientific novelty of this article is in comparison of the prediction procedures

of above mentioned methods. The result obtained during the analysis shows,

that the model Value-at-Risk is efficient for a short period of forecasting and

should be combined with others models in order to get more accurate results.
Routines and Creativity: From Dualism to Duality
Authors: Sonenshein Scott
Published: April 2016

Whereas scholars have historically treated routines and creativity as contradictory concepts, I adopt a dynamic ontology of routines that recasts them as a duality. Using data from a case study at a midsize retail organization, I theorize that artifacts, auxiliary routines, and external comparisons shape the enactment of routines that accomplish seemingly contradictory patterns of novelty and familiarity. From this analysis, I theorize two mechanisms—personalizing and depersonalizing—to explain how enacting a routine can produce patterns that allow an organization to achieve recognizable creativity on an ongoing basis. The findings contribute to research by theorizing the routine as a central concept that explains the ongoing accomplishment of recognizable creativity. By theorizing routines as an inherent part of creativity, and creativity as an inherent part of routines, I shift the way that scholars have traditionally viewed how organizations foster creativity among employees. For routine dynamics research, this study elaborates on the agency of routine actors who skillfully integrate their idiosyncratic backgrounds and experiences with the routine in ways that create complex patterns. It also unpacks the pivotal role of broader contexts and nonroutine actors in shaping routines.
Chronic Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Hynes Conor , Greenberg Michael , Sarin Shawn , Trachiotis Gregory
Published: April 2016

Stanford Type A aortic dissection is a rapidly progressing disease process that is often fatal without emergent surgical repair. A small proportion of Type A dissections go undiagnosed in the acute phase and are found upon delayed presentation of symptoms or incidentally. These chronic lesions may have a distinct natural history that may have a better prognosis and could potentially be managed differently then those presenting acutely. The method of repair depends on location and extent of the false lumen, as well as involvement of critical structures and branch arteries. Surgical repair techniques similar to those employed for acute dissection management are currently first-line therapy for chronic cases that involve the aortic valve, sinuses of Valsalva, coronary arteries, and supra-aortic branch arteries. In patients with high-risk for surgery, endovascular repairs have been successful, and active development of delivery systems and grafts will continue to enhance outcomes. We present two cases of chronic Type A aortic dissection and review the current literature.
Type B Aortic Dissection Repair Using a Thoraflex Hybrid Prosthesis in a Complex Aortic Arch Anatomy
Authors: Ghanem Moussa Abi , Gomez-Sanchez Mario , Chaufour Xavier , Marcheix Bertrand
Published: April 2016

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is recognized as an attractive option to treat complicated Type B aortic dissection. Nevertheless, TEVAR is not always technically possible. We report the case of a 53-year-old male with complicated Type B aortic dissection, in the setting of a complex anomalous aortic arch anatomy with an aneurysmal aberrant right subclavian artery. He was successfully treated by the frozen elephant trunk technique using the Thoraflex hybrid graft.
Computed Tomography Imaging Artifact Simulating Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Chou Alan , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John
Published: April 2016

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is an effective tool for assessment of thoracic aortic disease in the modern era. Here, we describe a case of Type A aortic dissection incidentally detected by CT in a 63-year old man. Upon more precise imaging with electrocardiography (ECG)-gated CT, the dissection vanished, revealing it to be an aortic motion artifact. This report highlights the importance of motion artifacts mimicking a dissection flap. CT imaging gated with ECG can distinguish a dissection flap from an artifact.
Drying of open animal joints in vivo subsequently causes cartilage degeneration
Authors: Paterson S. I. , Eltawil N. M. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Amin A. K. , Hall A. C.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

During open orthopaedic surgery, joints may be exposed to air, potentially leading to cartilage drying and chondrocyte death, however, the long-term effects of joint drying in vivo are poorly understood. We used an animal model to investigate the subsequent effects of joint drying on cartilage and chondrocytes.

Methods

The patellar groove of anaesthetised rats was exposed (sham-operated), or exposed and then subjected to laminar airflow (0.25m/s; 60 minutes) before wounds were sutured and animals recovered. Animals were monitored for up to eight weeks and then sacrificed. Cartilage and chondrocyte properties were studied by histology and confocal microscopy, respectively.

Results

Joint drying caused extensive chondrocyte death within the superficial regions of cartilage. Histology of dried cartilage demonstrated a loss of surface integrity at four weeks, fibrillations at eight weeks, and an increased modified Mankin score (p < 0.001). Cartilage thickness increased (p < 0.001), whereas chondrocyte density decreased at four weeks (p < 0.001), but then increased towards sham-operated levels (p < 0.01) at eight weeks. By week eight, chondrocyte pairing/clustering and cell volume increased (p < 0.05; p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

These in vivo results demonstrated for the first time that as a result of laminar airflow, cartilage degeneration occurred which has characteristics similar to those seen in early osteoarthritis. Maintenance of adequate cartilage hydration during open orthopaedic surgery is therefore of paramount importance. Cite this article: Dr A. Hall. Drying of open animal joints in vivo subsequently causes cartilage degeneration. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:137–144. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000594.
Alegorías de una hermandad atormentada: Haití en la literatura dominicana
Authors: Mariñez Sophie
Published: April 2016

El 23 de septiembre del 2013, el Tribunal Constitucional de República Dominicana emitió la sentencia 168-13, en la cual se establecía que los descendientes de personas extranjeras residentes “irregularmente” en el país desde 1929 no tenían derecho a la nacionalidad dominicana. Como era de esperarse, la misma creó una gran conmoción en la sociedad dominicana y en la comunidad internacional. Por un lado, su carácter retroactivo atentaba contra los derechos humanos y civiles de cientos de miles de dominicanos que entraban en esa categoría. Por otro lado, era evidente que la sentencia apuntaba específicamente a los descendientes de inmigrantes haitianos. Uno de los problemas de manejo de esta sentencia es que, a pesar de ser objeto de condena nacional e internacional, amplios sectores de la población entendían que la misma era una política migratoria emitida para “ponerle control” a un reciente aumento de inmigrantes haitianos. A dos años de la controversia creada, muchos están aún bajo la impresión, alimentada y mantenida por los sectores conservadores del país, de que esta sentencia está dirigida a restringir la presencia de estos inmigrantes y pocos entienden el carácter lesivo de la misma para los que, según la constitución vigente hasta el 2010, son dominicanos de nacimiento.
O LUGAR DA IMAGEM POÉTICA: LEITURA DE (SEIS) OBRAS DO PNBE
Authors: Giacomin Melina Sauer , Ramos Flávia Brocchetto , Marangoni Marli Cristina Tasca
Published: April 2016

Compreendendo a poesia como uma experiência decisiva para o desenvolvimento da linguagem na infância, o presente artigo analisa imagens poéticas na literatura infantil, com o intuito de contribuir para processos de ensino-aprendizagem da leitura. A partir de estudo descritivo-analítico, focalizam-se seis títulos poéticos selecionados pelo PNBE 2010/2012, nos quais a imagem poética se concretiza por meio do uso de figuras de linguagem, configurando jogos sonoros ou semânticos. A pesquisa aponta para as contribuições que a exploração intencional das imagens poéticas pode trazer ao desenvolvimento da inteligência linguística do interlocutor infantil, subsidiando-o no entendimento de si e do seu entorno e favorecendo a sua formação como leitor. http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i3.3625
ENSINO DE LITERATURA: CONSIDERAÇÕES TEÓRICAS A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DE UM SUPLEMENTO DO PROFESSOR
Authors: Rodrigues Sandra Maria Papin
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo trata do ensino de leitura literária no Ensino Médio, tendo em vista os resultados que o País vem apresentando no que se refere à qualidade da educação e à necessidade de reavaliação das metodologias de ensino da literatura. Neste sentido, o estudo tem como objetivo investigar como o Suplemento do Professor do livro didático adotado no município de Ivaiporã/PR, no período de 2010 a 2013, contribui para a melhoria da prática de ensino de literatura. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativo-interpretativa, com abordagem de dimensão sócio-histórica, tendo como principal referencial teórico os conceitos bakhtinianos a respeito da concepção dialógica da linguagem. Como processo de obtenção dos dados, realizou-se uma análise do Suplemento do Professor do livro de Português utilizado no 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Concluiu-se que o livro em questão não promove um conhecimento mais especializado da teoria literária, tampouco fornece alternativas didáticas que possam motivar os alunos à leitura e compreensão da literatura como fenômeno cultural, histórico e social. http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i3.3669
Intra-union women’s organizations an evaluation for Türk-İş and Hak-İş confederations
Sendika içi kadın örgütlenmeleri Türk-İş ve Hak-İş için bir değerlendirme
Authors: Topgül Seda
Published: April 2016

The main objective of this study is to investigate the approach to women’s issues and recent efforts of unions to include women in unions in the light of interviews conducted with Turk-İs and Hak-İs Confederations.  The study reveals how women are considered in unions and the place given to women in unions’ policies. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with six women in unions under these two confederations after a literature review. According to the results of the study, the number of women at both membership and executive levels is low in unions under both confederations. There are differences between the ideas of male and female unionists at senior level. Thus, efforts to increase the participation of women in unions are not sufficient. ÖzetBu araştırmanın temel amacı Türk-İş ve Hak-İş Konfederasyonlarında mülakatlar ışığında kadın sorununa nasıl yaklaşıldığının ve son dönemlerde sendikaların kadınları sendikaya dâhil etmek için ne tür farklı çalışmalar yaptığının araştırılmasıdır.  Kadınların sendikalarda nasıl değerlendirildikleri ve sendikaların politikalarında kadına verdikleri yer açığa çıkarılmaktadır. Bu amaçla literatür taraması sonrası iki konfederasyona bağlı sendikalardaki altı kadın ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, her iki konfederasyona bağlı sendikalarda hem üyelik hem de yönetim kademelerindeki kadın sayısı azdır. Üst pozisyondaki erkekler ile kadın sendikacıların düşünceleri arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu yüzden sendikalarda kadınların katılımının arttırılması yönündeki çabalar yeterli olmamaktadır.
KARAKTERISTIK POLA PENGHASILANPENYEDIA BARANG DAN JASADI KAWASAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI JATINANGOR
Authors: Rahman M Bobby
Published: April 2016

Jatinangor as the area of higher education for the five colleges appeals to the emergence of trade and services around campus locations. This study discusses the characteristics of the pattern of trade and services revenue that arises due to the influence of the activities of the academic community in the area. The data collection methods are questionnaire technique and secondary data collection. The questionnaires were distributed to the suppliers of goods and services. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. The results indicate the influence of the academic community, especially students so that the income of providers of goods and services is relatively high. A significant influence on the pattern of income of the services providers is by the active time-off lectures and domicile of the academic community. The percentage of influence reached 59% in terms of decline turnover experience.
EVALUASI PEMANFAATAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BERBASIS RENCANA POLA RUANG KOTA BAUBAU, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Fahmi Fikril , Sitorus Santun R.P , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: April 2016

The high rate of economic growth has encouraged the development of Baubau City in various sectors of life. It has implications on the increase in space requirements. Rapid changes in land use often deviate from the spatial plan (RTRW) that has been legalized. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness and consistency of the land use plan and to investigate factors affecting the suitability and consistency of the land use growth with the spatial plan. The analysis has used GIS, Balance of Land Resources, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Based on the analysis, there are three forms of inconsistency from the spatial plan of Baubau, as follows: inconsistencies in the spatial plan itself, inconsistencies with the laws and regulations, and inconsistency in the utilization of the land use plan. The results have shown that the level of consistency to the land use plan is medium. The factors affecting the deviation of land use pattern from the plan are the ease of getting to service centers, the improved welfare, and the accessibility.
Immunoproteomics technologies in the discovery of autoantigens in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ganesan Vinitha , Ascherman Dana P. , Minden Jonathan S.
Published: April 2016

Proteomics technologies are often used for the identification of protein targets of the immune system. Here, we discuss the immunoproteomics technologies used for the discovery of autoantigens in autoimmune diseases where immune system dysregulation plays a central role in disease onset and progression. These autoantigens and associated autoantibodies can be used as potential biomarkers for disease diagnostics, prognostics and predicting/monitoring drug responsiveness (theranostics). Here, we compare a variety of methods such as mass spectrometry (MS)-based [serological proteome analysis (SERPA), antibody mediated identification of antigens (AMIDA), circulating immune complexome (CIC) analysis, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF)], nucleic acid based serological analysis of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX), phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-seq) and array-based immunoscreening (proteomic microarrays), luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS), nucleic acid programmable protein array (NAPPA) methods. We also review the relevance of immunoproteomic data generated in the last 10 years, with a focus on the aforementioned MS based methods.
Vibration analysis of FG cylindrical shells with power-law index using discrete singular convolution technique
Authors: Mercan Kadir , Demir Çiğdem , Civalek Ömer
Published: April 2016

In the present manuscript, free vibration response of circular cylindrical shells with functionally graded material (FGM) is investigated. The method of discrete singular convolution (DSC) is used for numerical solution of the related governing equation of motion of FGM cylindrical shell. The constitutive relations are based on the Love’s first approximation shell theory. The material properties are graded in the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power law indexes. Frequency values are calculated for different types of boundary conditions, material and geometric parameters. In general, close agreement between the obtained results and those of other researchers has been found.
Time modelling in digital humanities. Challenges posed by the development of a database of medieval charters
Authors: De Tré Guy , Deploige Jeroen
Published: April 2016

Information management systems aimed at fully exploiting imperfect temporal data require
advanced data modelling and data querying facilities. In this paper, we study how novel
computational intelligence techniques can help to develop such facilities. More
specifically, we describe how possibility theory can be used to model and handle the
uncertainty that is inherent to vague, linguistic time specifications in a mathematically
sound way. These mathematical time representations can then be stored in a database and
advanced query evaluation techniques, for adequately coping with the represented
uncertainty, can be used. Medieval charters are a typical example of documents on which
related temporal information is often imperfect. To show the applicability of our
technology, we illustrate how the development of the Diplomata Belgica database, a database
describing medieval charters, can benefit from this novel technology. The added-value of the
technology for future research in the humanities, in our case medieval history, is
demonstrated by means of several illustrative query examples.