bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Methanol Synthesis Using Electrochemical CO2 Reduction with Defect‐Engineered Cu58 Nanoclusters
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Tanaka Tomoya , Song Haohong , Ogami Masaki , Shingyouchi Yamato , Hossian Sakiat , Kamiyama Maho , Kosaka Taiga , Nakatani Riki , Niihori Yoshiki , Das Saikat , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Jiang De‐en , Negishi Yuichi
Published: November 2024

Atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) exhibit significant potential as catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. However, the range of products achievable with these NCs has been somewhat constrained. This study presents an innovative design strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of Cu NCs by engineering their active sites. These active sites are formed here by introducing defects on cubic Cu NCs through the partial dislocation of Cu atoms at their vertices, which creates surface ligand vacancies. This dislocation further refines the internal cationic geometry by altering cuprophilic interactions, leading to distinct modifications in the edges and vertices of the cubic geometry. These unique Cu(I) atom arrangements within the cluster effectively influence product specificity during electrochemical CO2 reduction. Density functional theory calculations correlate the enhanced selectivity for CH3OH in [Cu58H20(SPr)36(PPh3)7]2+ (Pr = CH2CH2CH3) NC to the increased reactivity of edge Cu atoms in binding CO and CHO intermediates, compared to [Cu58H20(SPr)36(PPh3)8]2+ and [Cu58H20(SEt)36(PPh3)6]2+ (Et = CH2CH3) NCs. Thus, this work underscores the potential of tailored structural designs of atomically precise nanocatalysts in directing electrochemical CO2 reduction toward unconventional products.
Performance Analysis of Dynamic Building‐Integrated Photovoltaic Shading System for High Technology Readiness Level Validation
Authors: Liang Tian Shen , Corti Paolo , Bonomo Pierluigi , Frontini Francesco
Published: November 2024

This article presents the performance analysis of a new dynamic and vertically oriented building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) shading device. The work forms part of a Swiss Pilot and Demonstration project. From technology readiness levels 5–7, it aims to validate the technology's consistency and replicability in the operational building and cost‐effectiveness for marketability. The shading slats comprise two‐string PV modules realized with laminated glazing layered by an outer white satin glass pane. For the small‐scale mock‐up, two designs are compared to quantify the effectiveness of temperature reduction and energy gain: 1) optimized—each string is connected to a bypass diode, and 2) standard—two strings are connected to a bypass diode. It is demonstrated that optimized slats have consistently lower module temperatures and higher energy yield, achieving more than 20% gain during spring and summer. There are no additional risks for consideration since no extreme temperature and humidity measurements are observed for the pilot installation at the actual building. The first floor's system produces a lower specific energy yield due to partial shading. Still, it can be worsened if the standard PV is used instead, highlighting the importance of a BIPV‐specific consultancy for successfully implementing BIPV systems.
Efficiency Improvement of NiOx‐Based Hole Transport Layers in Passivated Contact Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hai , Kang Qian , Wang Yanhao , Li Jingjie , Liu Siyi , Yan Hui , Zhang Shanting , Li Dongdong , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: November 2024

Passivated contact crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells with nickel oxide (NiOx) as a hole transport layer (HTL) are a promising and efficient solar cell that has received much attention. However, the current low open circuit voltage (Voc) and low stability of c‐Si solar cells with NiOx as the HTL are due to the bad passivation and the ion diffusion, which has limited the development of NiOx‐based c‐Si solar cells. Herein, the performance of doping‐free asymmetric passivated contact c‐Si heterojunction solar cells is improved by using hydrogen‐doped aluminum oxide (HAl2O3) as the passivation layer and annealing in forming gas (nitrogen, hydrogen mixture FGA), as well as by introducing an economically saving composite Ni/Ag electrode. Finally, a 20.29% power conversion efficiency is achieved from p‐Si/HAl2O3(FGA)/NiOx/Ni/Ag back‐contact c‐Si solar cells, which is the highest efficiency reported so far for c‐Si solar cells with NiOx as the HTLs. Furthermore, the efficiency of the p‐Si/HAl2O3(FGA)/NiOx/Ni/Ag remains above 20% after 30 days of storage in an atmospheric environment, demonstrating its long‐term stability. This study demonstrates the potential for industrialization of NiOx‐based HTL c‐Si solar cells with high performance and high stability.
Post‐earthquake structural damage identification and safety evaluation using point clouds
Authors: Yu Runze , Li Peizhen , Liu Chang , Zhai Guanghao , Shan Jiazeng
Published: November 2024

Efficient and accurate post‐earthquake damage assessment of building structures is critical for ensuring the human safety and structural integrity of affected buildings. However, manual inspections and traditional visual damage identification methods are often constrained by the inaccessibility of hard‐to‐reach regions and the subjectivity of human inspectors. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a novel approach for rapid and precise post‐earthquake damage identification and evaluation using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and point cloud techniques, significantly reducing the time, labor, and errors associated with traditional methods. A comprehensive testing on full‐scale reinforced concrete shear walls was conducted to validate the precision and feasibility of this method. The point cloud models of the shear wall were generated leveraging UAV imagery and laser scanning technology with millimeter‐scale accuracy. The proposed algorithm effectively segmented each target plane of the shear wall, achieving a relatively satisfactory overall Intersection over Union of 99.25%. The relative errors of deformation between the algorithm's identification and gauges measurements were within 5%. This study successfully segmented and quantified structural surface damage, including cracks and spalling. Finally, the structural safety of the shear wall was evaluated according to ATC‐20 guidelines, using indicators such as inclination, story drift ratio, crack width, and damage area. Furthermore, proposed method was also verified in real cases.
Combination Using Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Magnetic Field for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sun Wenjun , Chai Xiaoxia , Zhang Yuan , Yu Tongyao , Wang Yuhua , Zhao Wenzhe , Liu Yanhua , Yin Dachuan , Zhang Chenyan
Published: November 2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) demonstrate notable benefits in magnetic induction, attributed to their distinctive physical and chemical attributes. Emerging cancer treatment utilizing magnetic fields have also gathered increasing attention in the biomedical field. However, the defects of difficult dispersion and poor biocompatibility of MNPs seriously hinder their application. In order to overcome its inherent defects and maximize the therapeutic potential of MNPs, various functionalized MNPs have been developed, and numerous combined treatment methods based on MNPs have been widely studied. In this review, we compare and analyze the common nanoparticles based on MNPs with different sizes, shapes, and functional modifications. Additionally, we introduced the therapeutic mechanisms of the strategies, such as magnetically controlled targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, and magneto‐mechanical effect, which based on the unique magnetic induction capabilities of MNPs. Finally, main challenges of MNPs as smart nanomaterials were also discussed. This review seeks to offer a thorough overview of MNPs in biomedicine and a new sight for their application in tumor treatment.
Pseudomonas monteilii and Enterococcus faecalis in a free‐living Megascops choliba: Epidemiological implications
Authors: de Andrade Julia Penna , Pereira Luiz Filipe Moreira , Figueirêdo Rezende Julie Vasconcelos , Faria Soares Camilla , da Silva Martins Nelson Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. are significant pathogens due to their ability to form biofilms and express resistance genes. The role of wildlife in the transmission of bacterial resistance genes remains inadequately understood, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of transference dynamics and their potential as bioindicators. This case report details a free‐living screech owl (Megascops choliba) presenting with prostration, inability to fly and a lacerative lesion with bone exposure on the left wing. Bacteriological analysis was carried out by collecting a swab sample in Stuart agar after antisepsis of the wing lesion. Isolates were grown aerobically overnight at 37°C, and the results were submitted to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the standard disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance of both isolates, emphasising the threat of antimicrobial resistance and the need for monitoring and addressing antimicrobial resistance in wildlife.
The “Who,” “What,” and “Why” of student leadership training
Authors: Kroll Jonathan R. , Beatty Cameron C. , Manning‐Ouellette Amber
Published: November 2024

This article provides a foundational framework for understanding student leadership training. The authors categorize the article into three key areas: the who defines student leadership trainers as educators who intentionally foster leadership development, with a strong focus on identity exploration, leadership knowledge, and experiential learning. The what explores the nature of leadership training, distinguishing it from leadership education, development, and engagement, emphasizing skill cultivation in immersive settings. The why highlights the importance of leadership training, stressing practical skill development, reflection, and real‐world application. The article positions leadership training as essential for empowering students to engage with leadership challenges through hands‐on, reflective experiences that enhance their competencies. Ultimately, this article serves as an introduction to the special issue on leadership development in training contexts.
Conclusion: Towards Further Research into the Platformization of the Family
Authors: Mannell Kate , Sefton-Green Julian , Erstad Ola
Published: November 2024

The final chapter of the book brings together key ideas, theories, and questions raised across the book to propose an agenda for progressing research on the platformization of the family. It summarises the key dimensions of platforms and families and proposes a theory of extended-domestication that bridges the micro and macro elements of these dimensions.
GLP-1 and GIP agonism has no direct actions in human hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells
Authors: da Silva Lima Natália , Cabaleiro Alba , Novoa Eva , Riobello Cristina , Knerr Patrick J. , He Yantao , Esquinas-Román Eva M. , González-García Ismael , Prevot Vincent , Schwaninger Markus , Dieguez Carlos , López Miguel , Müller Timo D. , Varela-Rey Marta , Douros Jonathan D. , Nogueiras Ruben
Published: November 2024

The use of incretin agonists for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is currently experiencing considerable interest. However, whether these compounds have a direct action on MASH is still under debate. This study aims to investigate whether GLP-1R/GIPR agonists act directly in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). For this, human hepatocyte and HSCs lines, as well as primary human hepatocytes and HSCs treated with Liraglutide, Acyl-GIP or the GLP-1/GIP dual agonist (MAR709) were used. We show that the concentrations of each compound, which were effective in insulin release, did not induce discernible alterations in either hepatocytes or HSCs. In hepatocytes displaying elevated fatty acid content after the treatment with oleic acid and palmitic acid, none of the three compounds reduced lipid concentration. Similarly, in HSCs activated with transforming growth factor-β (TGFb), Liraglutide, Acyl-GIP and MAR709 failed to ameliorate the elevated expression of fibrotic markers. The three compounds were also ineffective in phosphorylating CREB, which mediates insulinotropic actions, in both hepatocytes and HSCs. These findings indicate that incretin agonists have no direct actions in human hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells, suggesting that their beneficial effects in patients with MASH are likely mediated indirectly, potentially through improvements in body weight, insulin resistance and glycemic control.
Supercyclic Properties of Extended Eigenoperators of the Differentiation Operator on the Space of Entire Functions
Authors: González Manuel , León-Saavedra Fernando , Rosa María Pilar Romero de la
Published: November 2024

A continuous linear operator L defined on the space of entire functions

$$\mathcal {H}({\mathbb {C}})$$

H
(
C
)

is said to be an extended

$$\lambda $$

λ

-eigenoperator of the differentiation operator D provided

$$DL=\lambda LD$$

D
L
=
λ
L
D

. Here we fully characterize when an extended

$$\lambda $$

λ

-eigenoperator of D is supercyclic, it has a hypercyclic subspace or it has a supercyclic subspace.
Arzneimittelinteraktionen bei kritisch Kranken
Authors: Bellmann Romuald , Weiler Stefan
Published: November 2024

Bei kritisch Kranken besteht ein hohes Risko für unerwünschte Arzneimittelinteraktionen. Pharmakodynamische Interaktionen können Organtoxizität verstärken. Pharmakokinetische Interaktionen gründen meist auf einer Hemmung oder Induktion von Enzymen des Arzneimittelmetabolismus wie Cytochrom-P-450-Isoenzymen und Transporterproteinen wie P‑Glykoprotein. Inhibitoren dieser Moleküle können so toxische Wirkspiegel der entsprechenden Substrate herbeiführen, Induktoren hingegen subtherapeutische Konzentrationen. Amiodaron, Makrolide, Azol-Antimykotika, direkt wirksame Antikoagulanzien, Vitamin-K-Antagonisten, Immunsuppressiva, Rifampicin und einige ZNS-wirksame Substanzen sind besonders häufig an Interaktionen beteiligt. Eine Überprüfung der Medikation unter strenger Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung, therapeutisches Drugmonitoring, Verwendung elektronischer Alert-Systeme und Datenbanken zusammen mit klinischer Bewertung können zur Vermeidung unerwünschter Arzneimittelinteraktionen beitragen.
Exchange rates of second generation Microcuff® pediatric endotracheal tubes in children weighing more than 3 kg
Authors: Schmidt-Deubig Ilka , Kemper Michael , Wendel-Garcia Pedro D. , Weiss Markus , Thomas Jörg , Both Christian Peter , Schmitz Achim
Published: November 2024

Background

Cuffed endotracheal tubes (cETT) pose the potential advantage of an infrequent need for reintubation in pediatric patients compared to uncuffed tubes. The aim of this study was to investigate tube exchange rates using second generation Microcuff® pediatric endotracheal tubes (PET) with an adapted sizing recommendation in a large single institution cohort of children and to identify potential variables associated with an elevated risk of tube exchange.

Methods

Patient data obtained from the electronic patient data management system of the Department of Anesthesia, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, were retrospectively assessed for demographic and anthropometric information, size of the internal tube diameter used for positive pressure ventilation and divergence from the size recommendation chart.

Results

Data from 14,188 children younger than 16 years (median 5.3 years) and weighing at least 3 kg who underwent oral or nasal tracheal intubation using second generation Microcuff® PET between 2009 and 2015 were included. Of 13,219 oral tracheal intubations 12,049 (84.9%) were performed according to the manufacturer’s size recommendation and 1170 with divergent endotracheal tubes. The odds ratio (OR) of oral reintubation was 0.13% (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.22%) for cases using the manufacture’s size recommendation correctly and 22.74% (95% confidence interval 20.42–25.23%) for patients intubated with a not recommended tube (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the second generation Microcuff® PETs can be reliably used with low tube exchange rates across the entire pediatric age range when the tube size is selected according to the manufacturer’s size recommendation chart. Adherence to the manufacturer’s tube size recommendation is urgently advised.
Evaluating the capacity of magnetic ionic liquids for separation and concentration of non-enveloped viral particles and free viral genomic RNA
Authors: Stoufer Sloane , Kim Minji , De Silva Shashini , Anderson Jared L. , Brehm-Stecher Byron F. , Moore Matthew D.
Published: November 2024

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have proven effective as capture reagents for foodborne bacterial pathogens; however, there are currently no published studies regarding their use with foodborne, non-enveloped viruses. In this study, a protocol was evaluated for capture and recovery of bacteriophage MS2, a human norovirus surrogate, and purified viral genomic single stranded RNA (ssRNA) from an aqueous suspension using MILs. Transition metal-based MILs showed similar capture and recovery efficiency for both targets. A rare earth metal-based MIL showed much greater capture efficiency than the transition metal-based MILs, but displayed similar recovery. All tested MILs showed slightly higher capture and recovery efficiency for free RNA in comparison to intact virus, though overall trends were similar, and most MILs could recover both targets at as little as 102 PFU/mL intact MS2 or copies/mL purified RNA. A plaque assay confirmed that contact with MILs did not significantly reduce viral infectivity. Adjusting MIL volume gave no significant changes in capture or recovery, likely due to interplay between volume for the hydrophobic MIL and dispersion. Reducing the elution volume gave a slight increase in recovery, indicating MILs could be used for target enrichment after further optimization. MILs could also capture MS2 from romaine lettuce rinsate at comparable or even higher levels than from pure suspension, though loss in recovery was observed when the rinsate was prepared in an alkaline elution buffer. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential utility of MILs as concentration reagents for foodborne viruses, particularly for in-field applications.

Graphical Abstract
Does inbreeding affect personality traits? An experimental study in a precocial bird
Authors: Beccardi Matteo , Moiron Maria , Salmón Pablo , Tschirren Barbara , Vedder Oscar
Published: November 2024

Inbreeding is known to have deleterious effects on offspring performance, but the extent to which such inbreeding depression acts on traits is widely variable. In particular, condition-dependent traits that are subject to directional selection are expected to show stronger inbreeding depression. However, while inbreeding effects on primary determinants of fitness have been thoroughly investigated, the impact of inbreeding on other potentially condition-dependent traits such as behavioural and “personality” traits remain little studied. Here, we performed experimental matings between full-siblings and unrelated individuals of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and tested the effect of inbreeding on eight behavioural traits hypothesized to be linked to “personality” differences. Structural equation modelling revealed that these traits were part of a behavioural syndrome involving two a priori hypothesised latent variables, described as emotivity and neophobia. These were underlying all the measured behavioural traits and covaried negatively. Yet, we found no behavioural differences between inbred and outbred offspring, except for tonic immobility, which was longer in inbred offspring. We therefore conclude that inbreeding only has limited effects on behavioural traits linked to personality, suggesting that variation in these behaviours is not underlain by rare recessive deleterious alleles, as predicted when a trait is not condition dependent.
Reflection-aware 3D mirror segmentation and pose estimation
Authors: Madeira Tiago , Oliveira Miguel , Dias Paulo
Published: November 2024

Reflective surfaces are notoriously difficult to detect and reconstruct, as they reflect light from surrounding objects. Thus, the quality of 3D reconstructions and the performance of downstream computer vision tasks, such as navigation, depth prediction, or object detection are severely impaired by the prevalence of mirrors in indoor environments. This paper proposes a novel reflection-aware method for 3D mirror segmentation and pose estimation, based on the reinterpretation of captured RGB-D data. It is a top-down approach, where information consensus, unsupervised learning, and ray casting are employed, formulating mirror pose estimation as an optimization problem. Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the existing benchmarks for RGB and RGB-D-based 3D mirror segmentation and pose estimation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes of multi-port versus single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in Hartmann’s reversal
Authors: Mostafa Omar E. S. , Zaman Shafquat , Beedham William , Kakaniaris Georgios , Husain Najam , Kumar Lalit , Akingboye Akinfemi , Waterland Peter
Published: November 2024

Background

Colostomy formation as part of the Hartmann’s procedure is often performed during emergency surgery as a damage limitation measure where attempts at bowel anastomosis and continuity are contraindicated. Hartmann’s reversal (HR) remains challenging and can be attempted through open surgery and various minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic and robotic platforms). We aimed to analyse outcomes of conventional multi-port laparoscopy (CL) versus single-incision approach (SILS) in patients undergoing HR.

Methods

A comprehensive online search of various databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines including Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Comparative studies of patients undergoing CL and SILS for HR were included. Analysed primary outcomes were total operative time and mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, risk of visceral injury intra-operatively, and re-operation rate. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess bias.

Results

Two observational studies matching our inclusion criteria with a total of 160 patients (SILS 100 vs. CL 60) were included. Statistical difference was observed for one outcome measure: operative duration (MD − 44.79 CI − 65.54– − 24.04, P < 0.0001). No significant difference was seen in mortality rate (OR 1.66 CI 0.17–16.39, P = 0.66), overall post-operative complications (OR 0.60 CI 0.28–1.32, P = 0.20), length of stay (MD − 0.22 CI − 4.25–3.82, P = 0.92), Clavien-Dindo III + complications (OR 0.61 CI 0.15–2.53, P = 0.50), risk of visceral injury (OR 1.59 CI 0.30–8.31, P = 0.58), and re-operation rates (OR 0.73 CI 0.08–6.76, P = 0.78).

Conclusion

Accounting for study limitations, the SILS procedure seems to be quicker with non-inferior outcomes compared with the conventional multi-port approach. This may lead to better patient satisfaction and cosmesis and potentially reduce the risk of future incisional hernia occurrence. However, well-designed, randomised studies are needed to draw more robust conclusions and recommendations.
Effects of thermal interventions on skeletal muscle adaptations and regeneration: perspectives on epigenetics: a narrative review
Authors: Normand-Gravier Tom , Solsona Robert , Dablainville Valentin , Racinais Sébastien , Borrani Fabio , Bernardi Henri , Sanchez Anthony M. J.
Published: November 2024

Recovery methods, such as thermal interventions, have been developed to promote optimal recovery and maximize long-term training adaptations. However, the beneficial effects of these recovery strategies remain a source of controversy. This narrative review aims to provide a detailed understanding of how cold and heat interventions impact long-term training adaptations. Emphasis is placed on skeletal muscle adaptations, particularly the involvement of signaling pathways regulating protein turnover, ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as the critical role of satellite cells in promoting myofiber regeneration following atrophy. The current literature suggests that cold interventions can blunt molecular adaptations (e.g., protein synthesis and satellite cell activation) and oxi-inflammatory responses after resistance exercise, resulting in diminished exercise-induced hypertrophy and lower gains in isometric strength during training protocols. Conversely, heat interventions appear promising for mitigating skeletal muscle degradation during immobilization and atrophy. Indeed, heat treatments (e.g., passive interventions such as sauna-bathing or diathermy) can enhance protein turnover and improve the maintenance of muscle mass in atrophic conditions, although their effects on uninjured skeletal muscles in both humans and rodents remain controversial. Nonetheless, heat treatment may serve as an important tool for attenuating atrophy and preserving mitochondrial function in immobilized or injured athletes. Finally, the potential interplay between exercise, thermal interventions and epigenetics is discussed. Future studies must be encouraged to clarify how repeated thermal interventions (heat and cold) affect long-term exercise training adaptations and to determine the optimal modalities (i.e., method of application, temperature, duration, relative humidity, and timing).
Distinctive features of bimanual coordination in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Umemori Takuma , Kobayashi Kazushige , Watanabe Ryo , Higuchi Takahiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders, and presents as gait and balance disturbances similar to those observed in other incurable neurological diseases. Although previous studies have reported deficits in bimanual coordination among patients with iNPH, these potential pathological characteristics have not received much attention to date. This study investigated the temporal characteristics of a bimanual finger-tapping task in patients with iNPH, focusing on within- and between-hand coordination.

Methods

Study participants comprised three groups: patients with iNPH (N = 19, mean age = 76.9 ± 5.6 years), older adults (N = 19, 76.4 ± 5.3 years), and younger adults (N = 13, 32.2 ± 8.5 years). Participants performed a bimanual finger-tapping task under five conditions that manipulated the temporal differences between the two taps.

Results

The iNPH group exhibited significantly greater errors in both within- and between-hand coordination tasks compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that assessing temporal errors in bimanual coordination tasks, particularly within-hand coordination, may be useful for uncovering pathological characteristics specific to iNPH.
Impact of video instructions and additional hands-on instructions on the dental flossing performance – an observational study
Authors: Jung Katja , Schmidt Sophie-Charlotte , Luka Benedikt , Schlueter Nadine , Ganss Carolina
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an instruction-video, with and without additional hands-on instruction, in teaching young adults proper flossing performance.

Materials and Methods

This randomised intervention and observational study included 94 participants, 24 (23; 25) years, receiving an instruction-video with (group 1) or without additional hands-on instruction (group 2). The flossing performance was assessed by videotaping before instruction (T1), after instruction and one week of practice (T2), as well as after two weeks of practice (T3). Parameters of interest were number of interdental spaces reached, adaptation to mesial and distal surfaces, flossing technique, systematic approach and handling combined with self-assessment of flossing skills and time spent, assessed by questionnaires.

Results

Additional hands-on instruction did not lead to a significant improvement in any parameter compared to video-instruction alone. At T1, the participants reached many interdental spaces, but only two managed to floss their entire dentition correctly. After video instruction (T2), the participants reached more interdental spaces (p = 0.039) using a systematic approach and improved adaptation, technique and handling (p < 0.001 each). Parameters improved again at T3, resulting in 42 participants flossing their entire dentition correctly. After instruction participants found flossing less difficult, although they estimated it took more time.

Conclusion

Video-instruction significantly improved flossing performance, whereas hands-on instruction had no additional benefit. This indicates that video-instruction could be an effective and timesaving tool to improve flossing performance.

Clinical relevance

The results emphasize the importance of appropriate teaching-methods in dental prophylaxis and highlight the potential of video-instructions to improve interdental cleaning skills significantly.
The polyhedral geometry of truthful auctions
Authors: Joswig Michael , Klimm Max , Spitz Sylvain
Published: November 2024

The difference set of an outcome in an auction is the set of types that the auction mechanism maps to the outcome. We give a complete characterization of the geometry of the difference sets that can appear for a dominant strategy incentive compatible multi-unit auction showing that they correspond to regular subdivisions of the unit cube. Similarly, we describe the geometry for affine maximizers for n players and m items, showing that they correspond to regular subdivisions of the m-fold product of

$$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional simplices. These observations are then used to construct mechanisms that are robust in the sense that the sets of items allocated to the players change only slightly when the players’ reported types are changed slightly.
Transferable channels for fair micropurchases
Authors: Payeras-Capellà M. Magdalena , Mut Puigserver Macià , Pericàs Gornals Rosa
Published: November 2024

The development of e-commerce applications for small-value transactions introduces significant security and privacy challenges. Micropurchases, that is, commercial operations involving micropayments, offer a practical solution that balances efficiency and security for these transactions. The increasing demand for this payment approach, especially with technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), highlights the need for innovative solutions. This paper presents a novel micropurchase protocol utilizing a new type of channels, termed transferable payment channels. The proposed protocol, managed through smart contracts, facilitates fair and equitable exchanges between minimal monetary units (

$$\mu $$

μ

-coins) and desired goods or services, enabling efficient low-value payments. Transferable payment channels enable off-chain transactions, reducing the reliance on on-chain transactions to achieve essential security features and ensure fair exchanges without a centralized intermediary or Trusted Third Party (TTP), commonly employed in traditional payment systems. The protocol outlines the processes for making purchases, handling payments, and incorporating functionalities for the transfer and reuse of payment channels by both customers and merchants. Additionally, it specifies procedures for merchants to redeem earned

$$\mu $$

μ

-coins and for customers to refund unused

$$\mu $$

μ

-coins. This comprehensive set of functions makes the protocol fully functional and highly efficient for micropurchases. By introducing transferable payment channels and minimizing reliance on centralized intermediaries, this work significantly advances the security and efficiency of micropayment systems. The proposed protocol has been implemented and analyzed for both security and performance.
Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy due to non-functioning urea cycle as a complication to gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Kjærgaard Kristoffer , Eriksen Peter Lykke , Nøhr Thomas Kromann , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Vilstrup Hendrik , Thomsen Karen Louise
Published: November 2024

Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in the absence of liver failure is a major diagnostic challenge. A rare cause is as a complication to previous gastric bypass surgery, a condition reported to be associated with high mortality. In this case report, we present the exhaustive diagnostic work-up and clinical reversal of deep and recurrent hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in a patient with previous gastric bypass surgery. As a key finding, the patient exhibited an extreme reduction of the in vivo capacity for urea synthesis, which was reverted by long-standing correction of severe protein and micronutrient malnourishment (Functional Hepatic Nitrogen Clearance; 2.9 to 25.5 L/h). In addition, we observed reduced levels of fasting plasma amino acids (α-amino nitrogen; 2.7 to 3.6 mmol/L) and glucagon (0.3 to 2.6 pmol/L) before clinical improvement, which may contribute to the non-functioning urea synthesis. These observations elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of hyperammonaemia as a complication of gastric bypass and highlight a potential mechanism – non-functioning urea cycle as a result of protein malnourishment and hepatic glucagon resistance.
Exploring the association of adverse drug reactions with medication adherence and quality of life among hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Insani Widya N. , Wei Li , Abdulah Rizky , Alfian Sofa D. , Ramadhani Nurul A. , Andhika Rizky , Zakiyah Neily , Adesuyan Matthew , Pamela Yunisa , Mustafa Rima , Whittlesea Cate
Published: November 2024

Background

Effective hypertension management requires medication adherence to prevent complications. However, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can undermine adherence and negatively affect patients’ quality of life. Limited research has explored the association between ADRs, medication adherence, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with hypertension.

Aim

To investigate the association between ADRs, medication adherence, and HRQoL among patients with hypertension.

Method

A cross-sectional study using telephone interviews and medical record reviews was conducted in 11 primary care facilities in Indonesia. The causality of reported ADRs was assessed using the Naranjo algorithm, validated by a panel of experts in pharmacy practice and medication safety. The severity of ADRs was classified using the Hartwig scale. Adherence to antihypertensive drugs was estimated using the Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5). The EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L was used to measure HRQoL. The association between ADRs and medication adherence was assessed using multivariate logistic regression, while the association with HRQoL was evaluated through the Tobit regression model.

Results

A total of 507 patients were included in this study. We found that 20.32% (n = 103) of the patients experienced ADRs, with the most commonly reported ADRs being polyuria and urgency, gastrointestinal symptoms, leg swelling, dizziness/hypotension, palpitations, and dry cough. The majority experienced mild ADRs (n = 75, 72.82%), while 27.18% (n = 28) had reactions of moderate severity. Experiencing ADRs was associated with reduced medication adherence (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.15, 95% CI 4.07–12.55) and decreased HRQoL (coefficient: − 0.037).

Conclusion

Patients experiencing ADRs were seven times more likely to be non-adherent to their medication regimen and reported a reduced quality of life compared to those without ADRs, placing them at a higher risk of suboptimal treatment outcomes. This finding highlights the need for additional monitoring and education for patients affected by ADRs, particularly through more frequent clinical and laboratory assessments, timely management of ADRs, and personalized education on the importance of adherence to prevent hypertension-related complications.
An Integrated Framework for Optimal Allocation of Land and Water Resources in an Agricultural Dominant Basin
Authors: Buri Eswar Sai , Keesara Venkata Reddy , Loukika K. N. , Sridhar Venkataramana
Published: November 2024

The water deficit is one of the primary challenges faced by developing countries, stemming from several factors such as limited water resources, population growth, and climate change. Optimal allocation of water resources represents a comprehensive strategy for water resource management, acknowledging the intricate connections between water systems and their repercussions on the environment, society, and economy. It serves as a means of integrating diverse elements of development plans into a cohesive approach for land and water planning and management. In the current study, we undertook the optimal allocation of land and water resources across different sectors for the water years 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19. The study area chosen was the Munneru basin, situated in the lower section of the Krishna River Basin in India. This basin is predominantly agricultural, covering 63.17% of the area, and was selected to validate the proposed framework concept. Within the study area, we identified six distinct water-demanding sectors and calculated their sectoral water demands at a basin level. To assess water availability in the basin, we conducted hydrological modeling employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Furthermore, we determined the crop water requirements for various crops using CROPWAT. For the optimal allocation of water resources, we applied the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA – II) optimization model, considering two different objectives that account for social and economic aspects. To identify superior solutions from the Pareto front, we employed the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Compromising Programming (CP) methods. Through this methodology, we achieved maximum utilization of water and land resources and maximized returns from the agricultural sector. Following the optimal allocation of land and water, we observed an average annual increase of 3.61% in agricultural sector returns. These outcomes demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the water use efficiency across all pertinent water use sectors. As a result, decision-makers may contemplate the implementation of this framework in large-scale regions, with potential expansion to encompass a national sustainable development strategy at the country level.
Emotions and entrepreneurial finance: Analysis of venture capitalists’ and business angels’ digital footprints on Twitter
Authors: Kaiser Manuel , Kuckertz Andreas
Published: November 2024

Emotions are a central concept in previous entrepreneurship research, but this is mainly related to entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial journey. However, venture capitalists (VCs) and business angels (BAs), two critical investors in the entrepreneurial finance literature, are essential actors in the entrepreneurial process. Still, little is known about investor emotions in this context. Therefore, in this study, we ask how venture capitalists differ from business angels in terms of their expressed emotions. To this end, we use an increasingly familiar research approach by examining the digital footprints of these investors on Twitter. For this purpose, we identify 822 investors from Crunchbase and analyze their 994,969 Tweets with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) as a text analysis tool. Our results show that venture capitalists display more positive emotions on Twitter than angel investors, meaning that we find an association between VCs and emotional tone. Furthermore, in our post-hoc analysis, we explore further explanations for the differences between VC and BA. In doing so, we show differences in their expressed cognitive processes as well as in their communicated drivers. In both concepts, we find positive associations with the investor type of VC. To conclude this paper, we develop implications for practice and further research based on the results.
Key Adaptive Trait Promotes Contrasting Modes of Diversification in a Bivalve Clade
Authors: Nigro Emily R. , Collins Katie S. , Edie Stewart M. , Crouch Nicholas M. A. , Jablonski David
Published: November 2024

Siphons in bivalves have been postulated as a key adaptive trait, enabling modes of life inaccessible to asiphonate lineages, that afford better protection from predation and dislodgement, thereby enhancing their taxonomic diversification. To test the impact of siphons on diversity, we compared two bivalve clades with similar shell forms and life positions that differ in the presence/absence of this supposed key trait: the asiphonate Archiheterodonta (origin ~ 420 Myr ago) and the siphonate Veneridae (origin ~ 170 Myr ago). We measured three characters relevant to burrowing (shell length, cross-sectional area, and proportional shell volume) in these two groups, finding that siphonate venerids occupy more modes of life than archiheterodonts because they can live at a greater range of distances from the sediment–water interface, with the thinnest shells occurring in the deepest-burrowing groups. Asiphonate taxa have thicker shells, perhaps as a compensatory adaptation in response to the potential for exposure and attack because they are limited to shallower depths of burial. The lack of siphons may have impeded morphologic and taxonomic diversification in archiheterodonts. In contrast, siphons are consistent with a key adaptive trait in the Veneridae, evidently enabling taxonomic diversification into a greater range of morphologies.
Evaluation of corticoresistance in patients with thyroid eye disease and use of rituximab as a second-line treatment
Authors: Pekarova Klara , Schovanek Jan , Dohnal Roman , Radvansky Martin , Karasek David , Karhanova Marta
Published: November 2024

Purpose

High-dose intravenous glucocorticoids are the standard first-line treatment in active, moderate to severe and severe thyroid eye disease (TED). We evaluate the usefulness of clinical activity score (CAS) and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) as predictors and/or post-treatment markers of corticoresistance in patients with TED and the effect of rituximab in second-line treatment.

Methods

We enrolled 236 patients with an active TED into this retrospective single-tertiary-center cohort study. All patients were initially treated with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. Rituximab was later administered to 29 of 42 corticoresistant patients.

Results

The CAS of the corticoresistant patients was significantly higher both before (p = 0.0001) and after (p = <0.0001) first-line treatment compared to the corticosensitive group. ROC analysis established the cut-point value as CAS ≥ 2.5 with a sensitivity of 96.3%, specificity of 57.5% and area under the curve of 82.8%. In 22 patients treated with rituximab, CAS gradually decreased to zero values without reactivation during extended follow-up. There was no difference in the TSI of corticosensitive and corticoresistant patients before or after first-line therapy.

Conclusion

CAS ≥ 2, after first-line treatment, could be used as a corticoresistance marker. Corticoresistant patients should be subject to long-term follow-up for early detection of reactivation to reduce the delay to second-line treatment. Rituximab is a well-tolerated choice of second-line treatment and has a long-lasting effect on disease activity. Although TSI is a valuable biomarker of Graves’ disease and TED activity, according to our results, TSI cannot be used as a marker of corticoresistance.
Rental and sale prices of agricultural lands under spatial competition
Authors: Graubner Marten , Hüttel Silke
Published: November 2024

Much of the land economics literature has largely ignored the spatial nature of competition and related differences between farmland rental and sales markets when assessing return rates from farming, the capitalization of agricultural, environmental and energy policy into land values, and climate change impacts. We propose a model for price formation in both markets under a spatial competition framework. We demonstrate that price formation differs, particularly under policy-induced output price shocks.We suggest that using the rent-price ratio as an approximation for expectations in the net returns of farming, based on the net present value model, may produce biased results. In consequence, studies relying on land prices need to control for local land competition, farming structure, and policies.
Preparation and characterizations of chitosan–octanoate nanoparticles for efficient delivery of curcumin into prostate cancer cells
Authors: Bani-Jaber Ahmad , Taha Safaa , Abu-Dahab Rana , Abdullah Samaa , El-Sabawi Dina , Al-Masud Alaa A. , Aodah Alhassan H. , Altamimi Abeer A.
Published: November 2024

The goal of the research was to develop a hydrophobic octanoate salt of chitosan (CS–OA) and use the salt as a nanoparticle platform for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) into prostate cancer cells. The nanoprecipitation technique was used to prepare the nanoparticles, which were measured for particle size and encapsulation efficacy relative to CUR–CS nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of CUR–OA–CS nanoparticles was evaluated in prostate cancerous cells (PC3 and DU145) in comparison with the corresponding blank nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic CUR solution. PXRD, SEM, and TEM were also used to examine the CUR–CS–OA nanoparticles. The average diameters of the CUR–CS–OA and CUR–CS nanoparticles were 268.90 ± 3.77 nm and 221.90 ± 2.79 nm, respectively, with encapsulation efficiencies of 61.37 ± 1.70% and 60.20 ± 3.17%. PXRD and SEM suggested CUR amorphization in the CS–OA nanoparticles. The void nanoparticles exhibited concentration-dependent antiproliferative action, which was attributed to the cellular uptake of CS. CUR loading into these nanoparticles increased their cytotoxicity even more. The potential of CS–OA nanoparticles as a special delivery system for additional cytotoxic drugs into different malignant cells can be further explored.
How to Make a Difference in the Anthropocene? On Stiegler’s Call for Bifurcation
Authors: Ritter Martin
Published: November 2024

Characterizing the contemporary world as massively entropic and pointing to the proletarianization of human beings, Bernard Stiegler claims that we need to “bifurcate”. This paper clarifies what he means by bifurcation and examines the conditions necessary for its occurrence. After explaining how Stiegler’s general organology provides a framework for his assessment of our present, the paper focuses on how humans can become capable of producing bifurcations. Emphasizing that bifurcation must occur in relation to technology, the paper identifies it as an inventive dis-closure of a current system that transforms both technology and us through the creation of knowledge. It then shows that although the problem of our time is primarily one of automatization, we must deal with it through internalization rather than disautomatization. Our very humanity is being disrupted because we are not realizing the possibilities offered by the development of technology, and this can only be achieved if we internalize technology. The process of internalizing technology is itself bifurcative and enables us to overcome our proletarianization.