bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change, greenhouse gases and the bioeconomy
Authors: Rashid Dagaev , Khalimat Tekeyeva
Published: November 2023

According to existing estimates, by the middle of the twentieth century, due to intensive deforestation and large losses of wood, as well as as a result of qualitative changes in the economy and nature management, hydrocarbon reserves (gas, oil) and coal became the basis of energy supply. Intensively developing industrial production, construction, transport, agriculture, as well as the intensification of land use and forestry, combined with the growing population of the planet, began to have a significant impact on the planet’s climate, in particular, in the form of warming due to the “greenhouse” effect.
Adaptation and Resilience in the Era of Technological Breakthroughs
Authors: Abdulkadyrov Umalt Umarovich , Sabanova Raisa Kadirovna , Amirova Elmira Faylovna
Published: November 2023

The following article aims to demonstrate that in modern time new technologies play a pivotal role in the job market. Their impact encompasses both negative and positive effects. Lately, due to the development of certain methods and technological progress, it has become challenging to discern for seekers, employees and other interested ones which jobs are preferable in the job market. This article will explore how various technological advancements and other factors influence and introduce uncertainties into the job sector for job seekers and employees alike. This work will also examine the opportunities that can be seized from these market shifts, as well as ways to navigate those who are lost in the dilemma of what to look out for to secure their future.
Development of innovative infrastructure of the industrial sector
Authors: Dovletmurzaeva Malika
Published: November 2023

The development of innovative infrastructure within the industrial sector is a crucial factor for fostering economic growth, enhancing competitiveness, and ensuring long-term sustainability. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects and significance of this topic. In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and increasing globalization, industries are continually evolving. The traditional industrial landscape is transforming into a more dynamic and interconnected environment. As a result, the establishment of an innovative infrastructure is essential for adapting to these changes and harnessing their potential benefits. This abstract outlines some of the critical components of innovative industrial infrastructure, including advanced manufacturing technologies, research and development facilities, efficient supply chain systems, and collaborative networks. These elements collectively contribute to the creation of a thriving ecosystem for industrial innovation. Moreover, the abstract highlights the role of government policies, private sector investments, and academic institutions in driving the development of innovative infrastructure. Collaboration among these stakeholders is essential to creating an environment conducive to research, innovation, and technology transfer.
Effectiveness and profitability of automation technologies in greenhouse productivity and food security
Authors: Gazieva Laila , Belyaeva Elena , Kosulin Valery
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the innovative impact of an automated system developed by the research and production company Gardens of Chechnya, which combines computer vision technologies and image data analysis methods to effectively assess plant health at the embryonic stage. Traditional visual data analysis methods have been labour-intensive and time-consuming, creating barriers to crop production and quality. The automated system developed for the company's scientific needs, based on computer vision, has excellent accuracy, allowing it to examine plants at a new level and detect even the slightest signs of disease and infection. This innovation speeds up the assessment process, reducing it from days to hours. The mobility of the system allows it to be used in various agricultural conditions, which simplifies the assessment of plant health. By making it easier to assess plant health, this innovation promises increased yields, reduced disease spread and faster results, meeting global goals for food security and sustainable agriculture.
Technologies used to monitor and control the spread of invasive species
Authors: Magomedov Islam Arbievich , Krymshokalova Dzhuletta Abugalievna , Khafizova Amina Shaukatovna
Published: November 2023

This work was done to outline the importance of monitoring and control through different technology. Modern technology allows scientists to thoroughly study, monitor and control invasive species. It is well known that invasive species can be dangerous for the environment and for humans as they introduce uncertainties into the system they are involved and hence negatively influence. Therefore, the article will look into the technologies that are used for control and monitoring. This work also explains what is the invasive species. In addition, the article will also look into the positive and negative effect these species can introduce.
Resource allocation model for sustainable development of the social sphere
Authors: Plakhin Andrey , Ogorodnikova Ekaterina , Rostovtsev Konstantin , Khokholush Maria
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the research is due to the need to overcome the resource constraints of the social sphere in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to develop and test methodological tools for the allocation of social resources in order to increase output. The resource allocation model includes an analysis of alternatives to the output volumes of producers of the social sphere belonging to the categories of state organizations, commercial organizations and non-profit organizations. The results obtained make it possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by increasing the output of healthcare, education, social services and culture organizations. The results obtained show an increase in total output due to the determination of optimal organizational forms of work of producers of the social sphere, the effective use of limited resources. The substantiated model of resource allocation takes into account the predominance of social function in social sectors by replacing the criterion of investment efficiency with an indicator of allocative efficiency.
Higher Education for Sustainable Environment: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Vidrevich Marina , Pervukhina Irina
Published: November 2023

Higher education for sustainable environment focuses on teaching and promoting sustainability principles and practices in various environmental fields. This paper explores international practices in higher education for a sustainable environment and provides a preliminary analysis of the factors influencing environmental sustainability in higher education institutions in Russia, using the case of Ural State University of Economics. The paper highlights the importance of integrating sustainability into the curriculum, establishing institutional policies, monitoring progress, conducting research, adopting sustainable campus practices, engaging with communities, and involving students in sustainability initiatives. The paper also emphasizes the need for teachers to adopt active and interactive teaching methods and be well-versed in competency-oriented education and interactive teaching methods. It is concluded that higher education institutions play a crucial role in advancing environmental sustainability by equipping students with the knowledge, skills, and values needed for a sustainable and resilient future.
Field tests of the MICADO monitoring detectors in real radwaste storages
Authors: Finocchiaro Paolo , Cosentino Luigi , Longhitano Fabio , Poma Gaetano Elio , Amaducci Simone , Dumercq Bernard , Helbert Christopher , Tondut Lionel
Published: November 2023

In the framework of the MICADO project, funded by Euratom H2020 program, a system of gamma ray and neutron counters was developed. These counters are meant to be deployed as a monitoring grid around radwaste drums in low and/or intermediate waste storage sites, even though they could be usefully employed also for high level waste. A prototype of the MICADO gamma and neutron monitoring grid was installed and tested around real radwaste drums in two storage sites on the ORANO and NUCLECO premises, at La Hague and Casaccia respectively. A modular support structure, was assembled in four units in order to accommodate four radwaste drums. Each support unit hosted four gamma ray counters and four neutron counters. In both cases the units were installed around four radwaste drums also containing small or tiny quantities of actinides, and data were acquired. The results are quite promising as the system behaved as expected from previous tests and from the nominal radiological info about the drums.
3D imaging of a nuclear reactor using muography measurements with Micromegas detectors
Authors: Lefevre Baptiste , Gomez Héctor , Procureur Sébastien , Attié David , Gallego Laurent , Gonzales Philippe , Lehuraux Marion , Lesage Bertrand , Mandjavidze Irakli , Mas Philippe , Pomarede Daniel
Published: November 2023

Transmission muography is a non-invasive and non-destructive imaging method which allows to estimate the integrated density of a volume in a given direction (also referred as opacity). It relies on a reconstruction of muons tracks that crossed the studied volume compared to the corresponding open sky expectation. The experimental setup of the muography developed at CEA Irfu consists in portable muon telescopes. Each of these instruments has four Micromegas gaseous detectors, power and acquisition electronics, and an embedded computer connected to the network allowing remote control. It is then well adapted to deploy them in constrained environments. A muography measurements campaign has been carried out in the decommissioned nuclear reactors G2 and G3 at CEA Marcoule (France) which are expected to be dismantled. We were able to conduct 2D muographies and 3D analyses of inside G2’s airtight concrete chamber. In this paper we describe the measurement protocol at the G2 and G3 reactors. We explain what was developed to improve the measurements between G2 and G3 campaigns. It shows how potential improvements were identified in the proof of concept and why we expect a better reconstruction for G3. Among the improvements, we describe how simulations prior to the measurements, denoising and in general automation play an important role to have a precise 3D image in reasonable time.
Die kontinuierliche Optimierung von experimentellen Modellen – Darstellung an einem Beispiel aus der Glaukomforschung
Authors: Verma-Fuehring Raoul , Dakroub Mohamad , Haider Malik Salman , Hillenkamp Jost , Kampik Daniel , Loewen Nils Axel
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund Es besteht ein stetiger Bedarf an Modellen, die die Prüfung neuer chirurgischer und therapeutischer Ansätze in der Glaukomtherapie ermöglichen. Um diesem Bedarf gerecht
zu werden und Alternativen zu In-vivo-Tiermodellen auszubauen, haben wir ein etabliertes In-vitro-Perfusionsmodell für Schweineaugen modifiziert.

Methoden Wir haben 2 Schwächen eines etablierten In-vitro-Perfusionsmodells für Vordersegmente von Schweineaugen identifiziert: den spontanen Flüssigkeitsaustritt während der
Perfusion und die ungewollte Desintegration einzelner Komponenten aufgrund eines fragilen Versuchsaufbaus. Um diese Schwachstellen zu beheben, haben wir die Perfusionsschalen überarbeitet
und neue Komponenten in den Modellaufbau integriert. Um ein Austreten von Flüssigkeit bei hohen Perfusionsraten zu verhindern, fixierten wir die Vordersegmente mit einem Kompressionsring,
Stahlschrauben und Muttern fester auf den Perfusionsschalen. Individuell gefertigte Haltevorrichtungen dienten der Befestigung der Perfusionsschale und des Drucksensors als eine Einheit. Die
Haltevorrichtungen wurden aus Polylactid (PLA) hergestellt und mit einem 3-D-Drucker gedruckt.

Ergebnisse Durch den Einsatz von Stahlschrauben und Muttern konnten die Vordersegmente fester eingespannt werden und ein Austritt von Medium verhindert werden. Unsere
maßgeschneiderten Halterungen stabilisierten die Konstruktion und erleichterten die Handhabung des Aufbaus während der Experimente, wodurch die Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den getesteten
Schweineaugen verbessert wurde. Zusätzlich verhinderten sie ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen der Drucksensoren, was zu stabilen Druckkurven führte. Unsere Halterungen aus PLA haben
Inkubationstemperaturen von bis zu 37 °C und die Desinfektion mit enzymatischen Reinigungsmitteln und 70%igem Ethanol gut überstanden, ohne nach bis zu 4 Monaten regelmäßiger Verwendung
Anzeichen von Verformung oder Zersetzung zu zeigen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Modifikationen an einem etablierten Perfusionsmodell haben dessen Effizienz und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Experimente verbessert. Unser Modell ist ein Beispiel
dafür, dass viele Modelle durch kritisches Hinterfragen optimiert werden können, was langfristig Ressourcen spart und bessere Ergebnisse liefert.
Methodological evaluation of original articles on radiomics and machine learning for outcome prediction based on positron emission tomography (PET)
Authors: Rogasch Julian Manuel Michael , Shi Kuangyu , Kersting David , Seifert Robert
Published: November 2023

Aim Despite a vast number of articles on radiomics and machine learning in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, clinical applicability remains limited, partly owing to poor methodological quality. We therefore systematically investigated the methodology described in publications on radiomics and machine learning for PET-based outcome prediction.

Methods A systematic search for original articles was run on PubMed. All articles were rated according to 17 criteria proposed by the authors. Criteria with >2 rating categories were binarized into “adequate” or “inadequate”. The association between the number of “adequate” criteria per article and the date of publication was examined.

Results One hundred articles were identified (published between 07/2017 and 09/2023). The median proportion of articles per criterion that were rated “adequate” was 65% (range: 23–98%). Nineteen articles (19%) mentioned neither a test cohort nor cross-validation to separate training from testing. The median number of criteria with an “adequate” rating per article was 12.5 out of 17 (range, 4–17), and this did not increase with later dates of publication (Spearman’s rho, 0.094; p = 0.35). In 22 articles (22%), less than half of the items were rated “adequate”. Only 8% of articles published the source code, and 10% made the dataset openly available.

Conclusion Among the articles investigated, methodological weaknesses have been identified, and the degree of compliance with recommendations on methodological quality and reporting shows potential for improvement. Better adherence to established guidelines could increase the clinical significance of radiomics and machine learning for PET-based outcome prediction and finally lead to the widespread use in routine clinical practice.
Artificial Intelligence-powered automatic volume calculation in medical images – available tools, performance and challenges for nuclear medicine
Authors: Wendler Thomas , Kreissl Michael C. , Schemmer Benedikt , Rogasch Julian Manuel Michael , De Benetti Francesca
Published: November 2023

Volumetry is crucial in oncology and endocrinology, for diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating response to therapy for several diseases. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) has significantly accelerated the automatization of volumetric calculations, enhancing accuracy and reducing variability and labor. In this review, we show that a high correlation has been observed between Machine Learning (ML) methods and expert assessments in tumor volumetry; Yet, it is recognized as more challenging than organ volumetry. Liver volumetry has shown progression in accuracy with a decrease in error. If a relative error below 10 % is acceptable, ML-based liver volumetry can be considered reliable for standardized imaging protocols if used in patients without major anomalies. Similarly, ML-supported automatic kidney volumetry has also shown consistency and reliability in volumetric calculations. In contrast, AI-supported thyroid volumetry has not been extensively developed, despite initial works in 3D ultrasound showing promising results in terms of accuracy and reproducibility. Despite the advancements presented in the reviewed literature, the lack of standardization limits the generalizability of ML methods across diverse scenarios. The domain gap, i. e., the difference in probability distribution of training and inference data, is of paramount importance before clinical deployment of AI, to maintain accuracy and reliability in patient care. The increasing availability of improved segmentation tools is expected to further incorporate AI methods into routine workflows where volumetry will play a more prominent role in radionuclide therapy planning and quantitative follow-up of disease evolution.
Using Clinical Decision Support Systems to Decrease Intravenous Acetaminophen Use: Implementation and Lessons Learned
Authors: Tse Gabriel , Algaze Claudia , Pageler Natalie , Wood Matthew , Chadwick Whitney
Published: November 2023

Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can enhance medical decision-making by providing targeted information to providers. While they have the potential to improve quality of care and reduce costs, they are not universally effective and can lead to unintended harm.

Objectives To describe the implementation of an unsuccessful interruptive CDSS that aimed to promote appropriate use of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen at an academic pediatric hospital, with an emphasis on lessons learned.

Methods Quality improvement methodology was used to study the effect of an interruptive CDSS, which set a mandatory expiry time of 24 hours for all IV acetaminophen orders. This CDSS was implemented on April 5, 2021. The primary outcome measure was number of IV acetaminophen administrations per 1,000 patient days, measured pre- and postimplementation. Process measures were the number of IV acetaminophen orders placed per 1,000 patient days. Balancing measures were collected via survey data and included provider and nursing acceptability and unintended consequences of the CDSS.

Results There was no special cause variation in hospital-wide IV acetaminophen administrations and orders after CDSS implementation, nor when the CDSS was removed. A total of 88 participants completed the survey. Nearly half (40/88) of respondents reported negative issues with the CDSS, with the majority stating that this affected patient care (39/40). Respondents cited delays in patient care and reduced efficiency as the most common negative effects.

Conclusion This study underscores the significance of monitoring CDSS implementations and including end user acceptability as an outcome measure. Teams should be prepared to modify or remove CDSS that do not achieve their intended goal or are associated with low end user acceptability. CDSS holds promise for improving clinical practice, but careful implementation and ongoing evaluation are crucial for maximizing their benefits and minimizing potential harm.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Cleaning Efficacy of Five Different Root Canal Irrigation Devices: A Histological Study
Authors: Akçay Alper , Gorduysus Melahat , Gorduysus Mehmet Omer , Annamma Lovely M. , Müftüoglu Sevda
Published: November 2023

Objectives This study is aimed to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of five different irrigation systems as SonicMax, RinsEndo, EndoVac, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual needle irrigation (MNI) to histologically evaluate the presence of organic structures and the penetration of irrigation solution.

Materials and Methods Forty-two single-rooted, extracted human mandibular premolars were used in the study. Each tooth was decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and the root canals were instrumented using ProTaper rotary instruments in a crown-down manner. The specimens were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 7) Group (1) SonicMax, group (2) RinsEndo,group (3) EndoVac, group (4) PUI, group (5) MNI, and the control groups (n = 7). Each system used 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively, in the experimental groups. The control group did not receive any final irrigation.

The measurements were analyzed by employing two-way analysis of variance multivariate results to show significant differences between the length of the dentin tubules in the apical, middle, and coronal of the six groups. The post-hoc test was used when groups were compared by pairs.

Results The results of this study indicate that among the five groups, the RinsEndo and EndoVac were found to be most effective in the cleaning of root canals. The RinsEndo shows highly significant results in the cleaning efficiency of the coronal and middle parts compared with the other groups. The cleaning efficiency in the apical area was the same for RinsEndo and EndoVac.

Conclusion The result of our study indicates that RinsEndo and EndoVac may be more effective in clinical practice.
Evaluating the Necessity of Screw Replacement in Sacral Bone Loosening: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Treatment with Local Anesthesia
Authors: Baloglu Murat , Millet Hakan , Ercan Serdar
Published: November 2023

Background This study aimed to investigate a minimally invasive approach to address the issue of bone loosening in patients who have undergone posterior spinal fusion surgery. If left untreated, sacral bone loosening can result in nerve damage, reduced mobility, and chronic pain. The standard surgical treatment involves replacing the loosened screw with a larger one, requiring significant surgical intervention and complete instrument disassembly. The use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to increase the strength of the vertebral body was also described, but the results were contradictory. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of filling just only the gap between bone and screw instead of the vertebral body.

Methods This study included patients who had undergone posterior transpedicular stabilization but showed signs of sacral bone loosening in follow-up. The gap between the screw and the bone was targeted instead of the vertebral body and filled using PMMA. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia and fluoroscopy, and the preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores were compared at 1, 3, and 12 months after the procedure.

Results The study included 17 patients who underwent 28 procedures, with 11 patients receiving bilateral and 6 receiving unilateral approaches. The results showed a significant decrease in postoperative VAS scores compared to the preoperative scores, indicating reduced pain and discomfort. PMMA, as a bone filler, has been reported to provide good stability and support to the bone-implant interface, thereby reducing the risk of screw loosening and improving the outcome of spinal fusion surgery.

Conclusion In conclusion, the study demonstrates the efficacy of a minimally invasive approach using PMMA to treat sacral bone loosening in patients who have undergone posterior spinal fusion surgery. The procedure is safe, minimally invasive, and provides significant pain relief, making it a viable alternative to traditional surgical methods.
Achievement of One-Year MCID Varies with Preoperative Function of Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Albright Patrick , Ormseth Andrew , Huyke-Hernández Fernando A. , Doxey Stephen A. , Banks Evan , Only Arthur J. , Horst Patrick K. , Cunningham Brian P.
Published: November 2023

The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of an orthopaedic outcome measure is commonly used to assess treatment success including for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Various patient factors may contribute to MCID values in patients undergoing THA. The purpose of this study was to calculate the 1-year MCID for the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS-JR) based on patient factors and evaluate if there were any differences between each cohort's MCID.

A patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) database was reviewed for patients undergoing THA from 2017 to 2018. Patients were included that underwent primary THA and completed baseline and 1-year follow-up for Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System 10-item global health form (PROMIS10) and HOOS-JR surveys. MCID was calculated using the distribution method and an anchor-based method that used the PROMIS10 Physical Health item. Differences in MCID were assessed between patient cohorts stratified by preoperative characteristics.

For the 523 patients that underwent THA, the average 1-year HOOS-JR MCID values were 33.9 ± 16.3 (men), 37.0 ± 13.9 (women), 38.1 ± 17.1 (diagnosis of mental health), and 35.0 ± 14.6 (no diagnosis). MCID values were not significantly different between groups according to sex (p = 0.186) or mental health status (p = 0.302). MCID value did not correlate with body mass index (β = –0.126). MCID achievement had a notable inverse relationship with preoperative HOOS-JR.

This study demonstrated that preoperative function of patients undergoing THA affects the ability to achieve HOOS-JR 1-year MCID. Future investigation is necessary to clarify which patient factors may affect MCID.
Enhancing gut health and performance of grower-finisher pigs: assessing the efficacy of the mixture of microencapsulated essential oils and saponins
Authors: Yu Sung J. , Morris Andrew , Kayal Advait , Van Thi Thu Hao , Stanley Dragana , Bajagai Yadav S.
Published: November 2023

Context The livestock industry demands alternative approaches to maintain animal health and productivity without using antimicrobials. Phytogenic feed additives, consisting of plant-derived compounds, offer promising benefits to grower-finisher pigs’ gut microbiota and overall health. Aims This study investigated the impact of essential oils and saponins as phytogenic feed additives on the gut microbiota and productivity of grower-finisher pigs. Methods Four hundred male Large White × Landrace pigs were randomly allocated into control and treatment groups and provided with a basal diet. The treatment group supplemented commercial phytogenic feed additives. Performance data, general health, cumulative mortality, and bodyweight were monitored. Intestinal samples from different gut locations and rectal swab samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Key results No significant difference in weight was observed between the two groups; however, the phytogenic feed additives notably affected gut microbiota. Greater microbial diversity and changes in genera abundance were evident. Campylobacter and Clostridium increased, while beneficial Lactobacillus increased, and Escherichia decreased. The supplemented group demonstrated more consistent growth, with higher minimum weights. Conclusions Phytogenic feed additives have a significant impact on the gut microbiota of grower-finisher pigs. A diverse microbial community and specific changes in genera abundance were observed, indicating the potential role of these additives in modulating gut health. Implications This study emphasises the potential advantages of using phytogenic feed additives to improve the health and productivity of livestock without the use of antibiotics.
COOMET regional comparison of the national standards of air kerma for x-radiation qualities used for radiation protection and diagnostic radiology (COOMET.RI(I)-S3)
Authors: Saroka Siarhei , Salas Gonzalo Walwyn , Luchian Efimia , Büermann Ludwig , Oborin Alexandr , Sukhishvili Simon , Toroi Paula , Shahverdiyev Elmar , Orobinski Andrey , Mamyrbek Nasir
Published: November 2023

Main text

The results of the COOMET supplementary comparison of the national measurement standards of air kerma for x-radiation qualities used for radiation protection and diagnostic radiology are presented. Nine National Metrology Institutes from the COOMET organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency participated in this COOMET project no.641. The BelGIM acted as a pilot laboratory. The comparison reference value (CRV) was obtained as the mean result of the PTB and the VNIIM. Almost all participants obtained valid results which were consistent within the relative standard uncertainties of the comparison ranging from 0.28% to 2.6%. Some participants had unacceptable results.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Novel multi-layer magnetic Vernier group method for multi-turn encoding*
Authors: Cai Jiongjiong , Jiang Zhaoyu , Wu Shimu , Wen Hui , Li Yang
Published: November 2023

Multi-turn encoders receives great attentions recently, especially the gear-type ones with mechanical structure and permanent magnets, which has the function of multi-turn mechanical memory. However, the current gear-type multi-turn encoders still have many challenges, such as complex structure, large volume, complex calculation method, etc. To provide a more flexible multi-turn magnetic encoder that can encode position information in an analytical way, this paper studies the principle, system model, encoding algorithm, and design policy of a novel multi-layer magnetic Vernier group (MVG) method. The weakness of the conventional multi-turn magnetic Vernier encoder is firstly analyzed. Then, the new principle, system model and general encoding algorithm of the investigated multi-layer MVG method are introduced. The design policy of the novel multi-layer MVG method are carefully discussed: (1) from the tooth number of the minimum common period (TNMCP) perspective, all possible combinations of two lower-layer MVGs to upgrade to a higher-layer MVG are analyzed. (2) The gear and tooth number decision policy for lower layers are investigated when the top-layer TNMCP is decided. A gear-saving scheme is established, and the corresponding parameter selections are analyzed. (3) The general process of upgrading the current MVG into a higher-layer alternative is shown out. Finally, a two-layer MVG encoding system with three gears is designed as an example for experimental verification. The results demonstrate that angle information and multi-turn encoding can be realized according to the proposed multi-layer MVG method. The correctness of the gear-saving scheme is also verified. The turn values decoded from the multi-layer MVG are consistent with those from the reference motor encoder.
A bottom-up method for roof plane extraction from airborne LiDAR point clouds
Authors: Xue Jiaming , Xiong Shun , Liu Yongmei , Men Chaoguang , Tian Zeyu
Published: November 2023

Accurate roof plane extraction is a crucial step in constructing a three-dimensional model for buildings. Due to the significant differences in size and shape of building roofs in airborne light detection and ranging point clouds, many existing plane extraction methods are struggling to achieve good performance. To solve the above problem, a bottom–up method for roof plane extraction is proposed in this paper. Starting with the division of the roof point cloud into voxels, the initial planes are obtained in the voxels. The initial planes are then expanded by a parameter-adaptive region growing algorithm. Then, the grown planes are merged according to predefined constraints. Finally, an energy minimization-based method is applied to optimize the results of roof plane extraction. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated on the Vaihingen dataset and the DALES dataset. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a superior roof plane extraction result.
Planetary gearbox fault diagnosis based on FDKNN-DGAT with few labeled data
Authors: Tao Hongfeng , Shi Haojin , Qiu Jier , Jin Guanghu , Stojanovic Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Although data-driven methods have been widely used in planetary gearbox fault diagnosis, the difficulty and high cost of manual labeling leads to little labeled training data, which limits the classification performance of traditional data-driven methods. Therefore, the semi-supervised fault diagnosis method with few labeled samples becomes one of the main research directions. Graph attention network (GAT) is distinguished from traditional classification network by using graph structure for fault node information aggregation and feature extraction, which is an effective semi-supervised learning algorithm. This paper uses fast Fourier transform to process the original vibration signal of gearbox and use it as graph nodes, and propose a KNN graph construction method using pooling for fuzzy distance calculation. In addition, this paper improves the distribution of attention weights by introducing dynamic graph attention networks to correct the problem that classical static GATs cannot clearly distinguish the weights of different categories of nodes. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can better extract fault features in complex gearbox vibration signals with an accuracy of more than 99% with very few labeled samples, and has better diagnostic performance compared with other graph neural network architectures and traditional classification networks.
Impact of asymmetric electrodes on ferroelectricity of sub-10 nm HZO thin films
Authors: Chen Hsing-Yang , Jiang Yu-Sen , Chuang Chun-Ho , Mo Chi-Lin , Wang Ting-Yun , Lin Hsin-Chih , Chen Miin-Jang
Published: November 2023

In this study, platinum (Pt) and tungsten (W), two materials with dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and work functions (WF), are used as the top electrode (TE) and the bottom electrode (BE) in metal/ferroelectric/metal (MFM) structures to explore the ferroelectricity of hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) with a thickness less than 10 nm. The electrical measurements indicate that a higher CTE mismatch between HZO and TE/BE is beneficial for enhancing the ferroelectric properties of nanoscale HZO thin films. The different WFs of TE and BE generate a built-in electric field in the HZO layer, leading to shifts in the hysteresis loops and the capacitance–voltage characteristics. The structural characterizations reveal that the preferred formation of the orthorhombic phase in HZO is dominated by the W BE. The device in which W is used as the TE and BE (the W/HZO/W MFM structure) presents the optimal ferroelectric performance of a high remanent polarization (2P

r
= 55.2 μC cm−2). The presence of tungsten oxide (WO
x
) at the W/HZO interfaces, as revealed by high-resolution transmission microscopy, is also responsible for the enhancement of ferroelectric properties. This study demonstrates the significant effects of different CTEs and WFs of TE and BE on the properties of ferroelectric HZO thin films.
Feynman’s method in chiral nanorod-based metamaterial nanoplasmonics
Authors: Galiautdinov Andrei
Published: November 2023

We propose a theoretical approach to some of the nanorod-based metamaterial implementations that does not depend on macroscopic electrodynamics. The approach is motivated by the fact that in actual experiments the incident electromagnetic wave encounters a metamaterial structure which is planar in its shape, contains a layer or two of artificially created building blocks, and therefore cannot be regarded as a three-dimensional continuous medium. This leads to a theoretical framework in which the phenomenological concept of refractive index loses its principled meaning, and the deeper concept of scattering is taking center stage. Our proposal and its mathematical realization rely heavily on Feynman’s explanation of the physical origin of the index of refraction and on his formula for the field of a plane of oscillating charges. We provide a complete proof of Feynman’s formula, filling in some steps that were missing in the original derivation, and then generalize it to the case of a finite disk, which may be relevant to the actual experiments involving laser beams. We then show how the formula can be applied to metamaterial nanoplasmonics by considering some subtle interference effects in uniform laser beams striking metamaterial plates. The first two effects use a single layer of aligned plasmonic nanorods, while the third uses a single layer of gyrotropic elements that may conveniently be described by the celebrated Born-Kuhn oscillator model. The considered effects can potentially be used in the development of quality standards for various metamaterial devices.
Shape and quantum size effects on the electronic structure, oscillator strengths and state lifetimes of helium-like quantum dots
Authors: Doba P , Melingui Melono R L , Motapon O
Published: November 2023

Transition energies, electric static polarizability, oscillator strengths and state lifetimes of helium-like quantum dots are determined as a function of their shape and size. A configuration interaction approach based on B-spline functions is used. We found that, the oscillator strengths present an extremum around a low value of the dot radius whatever the shape of the confining potential. This extremum is due to the pressure on the energy levels in such a way that for a particular value of the dot radius, the second electron in the excited one-electron state reaches the borders of the confinement potential. The extremum position depends on the impurity charge and the oscillator strength value at this point changes with the potential well shape. As well, the increase of the effective mass involves the shift of the position of the oscillator strength extremum towards weak radius values. The first excited state lifetime globally increases with the dot radius and the reduction of the nuclear charge but presents a shoulder for a certain low value of the dot radius mostly marked for a triangular form of the confining potential.
DFT insight of methoxy diphenylamine-substituted carbazole derivatives as hole transport material for efficient perovskite and organic solar cell
Authors: Gul Shehla , Ans Muhammad , Iqbal Javed
Published: November 2023

A series of thiophene bridged donor molecules (Pph-M1 to Pph-M5) have been developed by adapting the end capped alteration strategy. Five different acceptor groups have been substituted using thiophene as a bridging group. The designed geometries have been optimized and various analysis have been performed using CAM-B3LYP 631-G (d, p) method. Optical and photovoltaic characteristics of all the developed molecules have been investigated by performing Frontier molecular orbital analysis that determines the charge transfer that occurs within the newly planned systems. Moreover, density of state (DOS) analysis was also computed. These analysis suggests the contribution of individual fragments of the devised chromophores in formation of HOMO and LUMO. The developed molecules have exhibited reduced band gap values from 3.28–4.02 eV while the reference molecule being with the higher band gap of 5.87 eV. Further, absorption analysis were performed and the spectra for all the investigated molecules have been obtained showing an increased λ
max values than the reference molecule (Pph-M). Dipole moment (μ), light harvesting energy (LHE), reorganization energy (RE) and open circuit voltage (Voc) of the studied molecules are also evaluated and the outcomes suggest that our designed molecules withhold outstanding electronic and opto-electronic properties and can be used as propitious donor material for application in future efficient organic solar cell.
Anisotropic power-law inflation for a generalized model of two scalar and two vector fields
Authors: Do Tuan Q , Kao W F
Published: November 2023

Cosmological implication of a generalized model of two scalar and two vector fields, in which both scalar fields are non-minimally coupled to each vector field, is studied in this paper. In particular, we will seek a set of new anisotropic power-law inflationary solutions to this model. Additionally, the stability of the obtained solutions will be examined by using the dynamical system approach. As a result, we will show that this set of solutions turns out to be stable and attractive during the inflationary phase as expected due to the existence of the unusual couplings between two scalar and two vector fields. Notably, we will point out that the existence of phantom field will lead to an instability of the corresponding anisotropic power-law inflation.
Analytical solution for unsteady Walters-B fluid flow by a deforming surface with acceleration using OHAM based package BVPh2.0
Authors: Malik Iqra Nasir , Mustafa M
Published: November 2023

Current study aims at simulating fluid flow due to a deformable heated surface in an otherwise static viscoelastic fluid obeying Walters-B model. Velocity of the surface is supposed to grow as time from its initiation of motion progress. Simulations in this work are based on the assumption of quadratic surface temperature distribution. Temperature rise attributed to the frictional heating effect is accounted for in the analysis. By choosing appropriate base functions, homotopy solutions are developed for reasonably large values of material fluid parameter. Reliability of the analytical results is established by computing averaged squared residual of the system. The contributions of the surface acceleration and elasticity on the boundary layer formation are enlightened through the plots of velocity components and temperature. Skin friction measuring the stress experienced by the surface is evaluated and examined under different controlling parameters. The paper also presents a numerical solution using NDSolve of MATHEMATICA in a special case of steady flow, and such solution agrees very well with the corresponding homotopy solution.
Correlation between mechano-electronic features and scattering rates using deformation potential theory
Authors: Ziati Meryem , Lahlali Sanaa , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid
Published: November 2023

This research paper provides valuable insight into the electronic, mechanical and transport properties of the Sr2RuO2F2 compound. The study shows that the Sr2RuO4 compound exhibits a metallic ground state and that the energy gap widens with oxygen substitution with fluorine. The concept of absolute deformation potential and its correlation with band energies and strains is explained using deformation potential theory. The paper also examines the mechanical features of Sr2RuO2F2 using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation method and analyzes its elastic constants, bulk modulus and shear modulus, indicating flexibility and suitability for optoelectronic applications. The role of acoustic phonons in scattering rates and carrier mobility in Sr2RuO2F2 and its potential for phonon-mediated superconductivity is investigated. The intrinsic resistivity of electrons and holes under strain and its potential impact on superconductivity and electrical resistivity are also discussed. The insight provided by this study contributes to the current understanding of Sr2RuO2F2, and its potential applications.
Grey prediction-based proportional-integral controller applied to solar energy systems
Authors: Chang E C , Wu T T , Tsai C Y , Chang Y W , Wu R C
Published: November 2023

Proportional-integral (PI) controller with simple architecture as well as convenient design makes it widely adopted in the control of solar energy systems. Due to partial shading as well as fault influence, the solar panels tend to be trapped at regional extremely values, attenuating the dynamic and steady-state response. For the sake of strengthening the system control effectiveness, this paper employs a grey prediction-based PI controller to attain a global maximization of the wattage pointed following in sun power plate, providing a pure sine waveform with lower percentage of total harmonic distortion, in addition to fast transience of the solar energy system output voltage. The PI performs tracking control and simultaneously the grey prediction uses a logistic grey model to accurately predict the system state as well as to adjust the PI control parameters for establishing robust system response. The results reveal that the output of the solar system can produce fast dynamics and high efficient steady-state performance, thereby supporting the theoretical validity.
An unmanned aerial vehicle for search and rescue applications
Authors: Lai Y L , Lai Y K , Yang K H , Huang J C , Zheng C Y , Cheng Y C , Wu X Y , Liang S Q , Chen S C , Chiang Y W
Published: November 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as potential tools for search and rescue. This study evaluates the feasibility of developing UAVs for search and rescue from multiple perspectives, including positioning and environmental monitoring considerations. The system architecture incorporates a UAV equipped with sensors for particulate matter, temperature/humidity, and carbon monoxide (CO) detection. Data collected by these sensors were compared with official data from the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan to assess the reliability of the obtained results. The findings indicate that the data collected by the UAV closely align with the official data, suggesting their reliability and values as references. Furthermore, the study simulates the use of the UAV for automated flight route planning during disaster scenarios. The UAV efficiently navigates predetermined paths around disaster sites while monitoring environmental factors. The results highlight the importance of developing UAVs for search and rescue, as they integrate Internet of things (IoT) technology and provide geolocation and environmental information. The developed UAV enables the rapid acquisition of critical data, supporting decision-making and execution during rescue operations. This research provides a substantial demonstration of the UAV for search and rescue applications.
Innovative research on the application of TIRZ theory to multi-mode UAVs
Authors: Fang J , Shiau Y R , Hung W C
Published: November 2023

According to the current development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), it can be known that there are no cases where underwater drones and aerial drones are used in parallel. They are all affected by air and water resistance and are easily disturbed in various environments, making it difficult to move effectively. This research uses TRIZ theory to create a multi-modal unmanned vehicle to innovate and improve the existing situation. The type of equipment produced through this research can effectively move in the air, land, and water. The scope includes TRIZ theory, bionic technology, multi-modal innovative design, research, and application of UAV innovation, and monitoring the improvement of its operational resistance through fluid analysis. The output of this research will effectively promote the development of Multi-mode UAVs and improve the problems of existing UAVs.