bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposite Gold Nanoparticles and Hyaluronic acid synthesis using the atmospheric air jet plasma
Authors: Buraa Mahmood Khalid , Obaid A.S. , Ali Hamied Hussan
Published: November 2020

The atmospheric cold plasma has been used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using different molar concentration from Aqueous gold tetrachloride salts HAuCl4.4H2O mixed with Hyaluronic acid (HA) using a low-cost and simple method in order to create a cold plasma at exposure time of 6 min. The effect of mixing with different concentrations ratio of gold salts with 1mM of hyaluronic acid with ratio Gold salt:HA (10:1) were studied with the same exposure time which stated above to determine the best concentration for nanoparticles of gold.

X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectra were used to characterize the nanoparticles. The synthesis of AuNPs indicated to surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) at 540, 544,and 550 nm for samples that prepared. The strong intense peaks that showed in the XRD patterns for all prepared samples is indicating to the face centered cubic structure and nature of crystalline of nanoparticles. The average size of crystallite were from 20 to 40 nm for the AuNPs, and the FESEM showed the AuNPs morphology. and the synthesize of AuNPs were showed by observations are have spherical shape and have diameters sizes from 16 to 38 nm.

The outcome of the study revealed that the atmospheric air cold plasma is a promising technique to be used in production of the nanoparticle’s materials for the medical application.
FTIR analysis of PbSe thin films after irradiation of β-ray
Authors: Sulaiman Huda Talal , Mohammed Sahar Abdul Aziz , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi
Published: November 2020

PbSe semi conductors are considered to be suitable product for its phototransistor implementations for IR emission. The structural characteristics of PbSe nanostructures have been studied. Placing the produced thin films of PbSe on sufficiently washed quartz molecules by thermal evaporation technique. The structural characteristics of the FTIR recording device spectroscopy design Shimadzu have been employed to calculate the transmitted and absorbed wavelengths of PbSe thin layer placed in luminous spectrum (400–4000 nm) on quartz substrates pre and post β-ray radiation.
DFT and TD-DFT Study of Favipiravir Tautomerism as RNA Polymerase Inhibitors : COVID-19
Authors: Yasir Hammood M. , Hanoon Falah H.
Published: November 2020

Favipiravir is an antiviral medication currently being trialled as a COVID-19 treatment. To help accelerate these efforts, we have performed a research for tautomers formations of favipiravir as possible RNA polymerase enzyme inhibitors and mitigating the virus ability. This study provides important electronic and optical properties of tautomers determined by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations in gas phase and in water. A series of favipiravir derivatives was designed, and study the effect of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap on the efficacy of inhibitors. It has been determined that H-atom positions change and substituting fluorine (F) by hydroxyl (OH) group of tautomers affects the energy gap and dipole moment values. Among all compounds, the results have shown that Fb4 form with OH is most potent inhibitory activity in both gas phase and water. These investigations indicated that these tautomers could be potentially developed into drugs, but further investigations are still required to examine the cytotoxicity and consequent side reactions.
Fabrication and Characterization of polyaniline/CdSe Device for Applications in Nano Structured Solar Cells
Authors: Ahilfi Dalal N. , Alkabbi Alaa S. , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Ziadan Kareema M.
Published: November 2020

Organic/inorganic heterojunction solar cells have been fabricated based on CdSe/PVA nanocomposite as an acceptor and PANI-DBSA/PS nanofibers as a donor material. CdSe/PVA nanocomposite PANI-DBSA/PS nanofiber materials have been prepared by chemical and electrospinning methods, respectively. X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements technique reveals that the two nanomaterials have deferent morphology with the crystalline cubic structure of CdSe/PVA nanocomposite and amorphous phase of PANI-DBSA/PS nanofibers. The absorption spectra of PANI-DBSA/PS and CdSe/PVA nanocomposite thin films were analyzed in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm. the current-voltage density measurements of the solar cell which were performed in the dark and under illumination are reveal that the ideality factor of all the devices is more than one and the maximum power conversion efficiency is 0.3%. The effects of temperature on the photovoltaic properties of solar cells have been investigated. The power conversion efficiency values increased with increasing temperature.
NANOCRYSTALLINE SnO2/TiO2FOR SOLAR CELLS APPLICATION
Authors: Mohammad J. F. , Mohammed R. I.
Published: November 2020

The developments in the field of solar cells need to create a new material to improve the electrical properties, which leads to an increase in conversion efficiency. So, in this paper, nanocrystalline Tin dioxide (SnO2) as a thin film were synthesized and deposited on Titanium dioxide using chemical Spray pyrolysis thechniqe (CSPT). The mixed aqueous solution of Tin chloride (SnCl2) was prepeared at room temperature using magnatic stirr and sprayted on glass slide at 300 °C. Our results indicated that the prepared films are smooth, homogeneous and have good adhesion to the substrate. The results of structural properties revealed that the synthesis films are polycrystalline in nature with prefer orientations (110) and (101) for SnO2and TiO2respectively. The optical properties results using UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis shows that high transmittance (grater than 70 %) and wide optical energy gap 3.97, 3.93 and 3.88 eV for TiO2, SnO2and SnO2/TiO2respectivly.
Spectral and structural properties of ferroelectric compounds Experimental Analyses
Authors: Abed Falah Mohammed , Al- Bayati Abdul Samee Fawzi , Twessan Thamer Mohamed
Published: November 2020

In this study two Ferroelectric compounds were prepared, The chemical formula of the two compounds were [BTO] and [BPTO], Both compounds were synthesized by ceramic method and calcined for 4 hours at 1000°C. Then, the compounds were subjected to X-ray diffraction Analysis for the determination of their structural properties.From the results, the compounds were found to exhibit a tetragonal Perovskite with homogenous particle size in-between the samples; furthermore, there was an observable increase in the Theoretical density. Similarly, Samples were subjected to atomic force Microscope (AFM) analysis for roughness, grain size, and root mean square.Upon Infrared analysis of the samples, the IR spectra showed an increase in the constant bond force (K) by a slight proportion of lead while the bond length (r) decreased by the same proportion.
Calculation of radioactivity levels for various soil samples of Karbala - Najaf road (Ya- Hussein) / Iraq
Authors: Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alkufi Abdulhussein A. , Muhmood Asmahan Asaad , Zgair Inass Abdulah
Published: November 2020

Ya- Hussein an outer road that links the governorates of Najaf and Karbala / Iraq, the soil on this road is a sandy desert. The study was conducted to calculate the radioactivity and the risk indicators for this soil, because this study is of great importance due to the contribution of many factors to increasing the concentrations of radionuclides as they are transported through the soil then to humans and endanger their lives. We have estimated 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations in the paper, with their radiological risks in 15 soil sample types gathered from road Ya - Hussein / Iraq, investigated by using gamma ray spectrometry detector NaI (Tl). The result showed the soil sampling concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were there an average among 17.386±1.327, 15.889±0.556 and 553.269±4.997 with unit (Bq.kg−1) respectively. Likewise (ℋ
in; ℋ
ex) hazard indices, total annual effective dose which was below the internationally recommended limits and excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated ( 0. 793*10−3 ) was lower than the worldwide value. All parameters were statistically studied, and the correlation between the parameters studied was calculated, Pearson’s correlation and ( P value ) among the variables. The correlation between gamma index (Iγ) and Alpha index (Iα) was strong, positive and direct, where it was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The studied area is considered safe and the samples are free from radiation safety threats then the soil does not pose a health risk in this road. Thus this study can be considered as a baseline for future studied on the studied area.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthisis by Green Method and Loading of the Enterosein to Study Its Antimicrobial Inhibition
Authors: Al-hadede Lamees Thamer , Hassan Mayada. I.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to loaded the Enterocin produced fromEnterococcus faecalisbacteria on silver nanoparticles(SNP+En) by using green synthesis, to increase the effectiveness of Enterocin against some Gram-positive and negative bacteriaEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginos, Salmonella typhimurium,Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilisandCandida albicansyeast. SNP was synthesized by usingAlettaria cardamomumalcohol extract as a reducing agent, then it was loaded with Enterocin. The color change of the extract was preliminary evidence of the reduction process. The UV–Visible spectral analysis confirmed the synthesis of SNP and SNP+En showing a characteristic peak around 452-419 nm due to the absorption of the surface of the plasmon and SEM from 18-88 nm, analysis to the X-ray data indicated that SNP and SNP+En have four clear peaks were shown at the angle of Θ 38°, 44°, 64° and 77.5°, and this is due to symmetry levels (111) and (200) (220) and (310) preferentially at the level (111) and zeta potential for SNP it reached 22.55 mV and it became 31.25 mV for SNP + En. demonstrated Inhibitory effect against Gram-positive and negative bacteria for SNP + En was more than SNP at the same ratio(0.1%).
Density functional theory study on the adsorption of AsH3 gas molecule with monolayer (AlN)21 (including pristine, C, B doped and defective aluminium nitride sheet)
Authors: Shlaka Jamal A. , Abo Nasria Abbas H.
Published: November 2020

The interactions between on graghen -like aluminium nitride P(AlN)21 nan ribbons doped and defect (AlN)21Sheet, P(AlN)21, (AlN)20–C,(AlN)10–C2, (AlN)20–B,(AlN)19–B2, D-P(AlN)20, D-(AlN)19–C, D (AlN)18–C2, D-(AlN)19–B, D- (AlN)18–B2), molecules and small toxic gas molecules (AsH3), were built for two different adsorption sites on graphene like aluminium nitride P(AlN)21, have been done by employing B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) with 6-31G(d,p) using Gaussian viw5.08 package of programs and Nanotube Modeller program(2018), The most stable adsorption configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfers (total Mulliken charge), electronic and band structures are calculated to deeply understand to find the sensitivity of all studied sheets for toxic gas AsH3.

In this research we got the adsorptions of AsH3 on P(AlN)21, (AlN)20-C,(AlN)20–C, D-P(AlN)20, D- (AlN)19–C) are weak physisorption with an adsorption energy (Ead) (-0.427197eV ),( -0.43536 eV, (0.405364 eV), (-0.456738 eV) and (-0.495222 eV), respectively (on atom) While (Ead) of AsH on the center ring of the P(AL-N)21, (C) atoms-doped P(AL-N)20 sheet, D-P(AL-N)20 and D-(C, B)atoms- doped P(AL-N)19 sheet are (-0.484338 eV ),( -0.476175 eV ), (-0.454407 eV), (-0.495222 eV) and - 0.481617eV) respectively, otherwise doped aluminium nitride for this atom could be a good sensor for this gas AsH3, except the adsorption of AsH3 on B atoms-doped P(AlN)20 sheet are a strong chemisorption, in this case, the B atoms-doped P(AL-N)20 sheet could catalysis or activate, suggesting the possibility of P(AL-N)20 as a metal-free catalyst, the total Mulliken charge on the molecules, and positive number means charge transfer from gas to P(AlN)21.
Porous Scaffold Implantation for Bone Fractures Healing
Authors: Hassan Marwa Abdul Muhsien , Kafi Dhaidan Kh.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Low Level Therapy of Continuous Diode Laser on porous Hydroxyapatite–Chitosan–Collagen scaffold implantation by daily clinical observation, weekly radiographic findings and histopathological examination at the end of 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th weeks after surgery. Fifty Healthy adult rabbits of both sexes were used to induced diaphyseal Femur and to remove about (1±0.05 cm) of bone, as empty space filler.
High Efficiency (41.85) of Br Perovskites base solar cells with ZnO and TiO2 comparable study as ETM
Authors: Tareq Dhuha E. , AbdulAlmohsin Samir M. , Waried Hussein H.
Published: November 2020

Due to its ease of processing, low production costs, superb light-harvesting characteristics, and high efficiency, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention in the photovoltaic research community in recent years, making it more preferable than other existing solar cell materials. Lead-based perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl, I, Br) solar cells have recently achieved high efficiency of ~19.3 percent, well exceeding most thin-film and organic solar cells’ efficiencies despite its potential for photovoltaic applications, organometal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention recently and are also considered as promising materials in light-emitting devices. In particular, photovoltaic devices with efficiencies above 20 percent have been prepared using organometal halide perovskites as absorbent materials in the last few years A planar. The standard design for a planar hetero-junction perovskite-based solar cell is: Back electrode/Hole Transport Material (HTM)/Perovskite absorber / Electron Transport Material (ETM) / Transparent electrode. The hole mobility and acceptor concentration of the HTM, interface trap density, and work-function of back contact metal have shown a significant influence on the device performance. Also with these good merits.In this research, two types of ETM (TiO2and ZnO) were used with the Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3and was found that the use of TiO2 with perovskite achieved high efficiency of 41.85% while the use of ZnO with perovskites we obtained an efficiency 17.67%.

Method/Analysis: Solar cell architecture assessment is conducted using Solar Cell Power Simulator(SCAPS). This is a computer-based software tool and is well equipped to research photovoltaic structures with barriers to homo and heterojunctions, multi-junctions, and Schottky. This model optimizes various parameters such as thickness, absorber layer density, Electron Transport Material (ETM),Density of accepter and donor (ND and NA), and Hole Transport Material (HTM) doping concentrations. Achievement and simulates electrons and holes based on the Poisson’s and continuity equation The effected thickness of CH3 NH3 PbBr3 different from 0.05μm to 1.2μm and the finest results are observed at 0.05 μm.
Texture Analysis of Breast Cancer via LBP, HOG, and GLCM techniques
Authors: Farhan Athraa H. , Kamil Mohammed Y.
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer is a prevailing reason for death, and it is a particular kind of tumor that is popular among ladies across the world. Till presently, there is no efficient method to stop the appearance of the breast tumor. Accordingly, early detection is the first stage in the diagnosis of breast tumors and reduces mortality. Screening Mammography is the most effective technique for early detection of breast tumors. Great experience and large practices of specialists are wanted when examining breast tissue in a mammogram. In this work, feature extraction techniques are offered as methods to decrease false-positive that occur in breast diagnosis. Mini-MIAS database used to evaluate these approaches. LBP, HOG, and GLCM are feature extraction techniques used for analyzing mass tissue and extract features from the ROI. Contrast, energy, correlation, and homogeneity are used as features properties. These features utilized as the input to the different classifiers which achieved the best results. To improve the diagnosis ability, “contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization” utilized as a preprocessing system. The best results gained in this work by LBP method and logistic regression classifier at ROI (30×30) where the accuracy 92.5%. The HOG method achieved the best results with the SVM classifier where accuracy 90% at ROI (30×30). GLCM provides the best results with the KNN classifier where the accuracy 89.3% at ROI (30×30). The greatest accuracy reached in the case of ROI (30×30) in all feature extraction methods that used in this work.
Study Effect change amount addition of Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles on Thermal, Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polysiloxane Polymer
Authors: Rodhan Zahraa Kazem , Hashem Ansam Ali
Published: November 2020

The paper included the influence of addition of Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers with side chain. A constant Molecular weight was used (1.7 × 106). The additive ratios were five different ratios of the added Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles. It was noted that the voltage operation decreased with the increase of the ratio of the additive. The optical response (τon) was measured in opening case (when the electric field was applied) and closing time (τoff) (when removing the electric field) by calculating the time interval between the primary and the new classification for liquid crystal polymer molecules caused by the electric field, Laser light while passing through the electrophoresis cell. The different addition ratio of Sn2P2S6
particles, which had a fixed molecular weight from polymer, increased the density of the mesogenetic group associated with the polymer chain. This increased the effect of dipole torque in the C ≡ N group parallel to longitudinal axis of mesogenous unit, The dielectric anisotropy Δε has a lower optical response time (τon), (τoff), thus improving the electro-optical properties of the system. The change in threshold voltage was measured at constant steps and under TNI for a series of different additives’ and found that the high additive additives had a small threshold voltage and this had to do with the polymer elasticity constant. Infrared spectrometer measurements were used to determine the coefficient of the directional arrangement of liquid crystals with a side chain. By determining the vibration of a specific package (C ≡ N) for absorption, it was found that the coefficient of the guideline is based on the temperature.
Absorption spectra and transition states for new organic dye sensitizers based on anthracene
Authors: Motasher Khalid Jabbar , Abdulridha Hawraa A. , Abbood Hamid Ibrahim
Published: November 2020

Anthracene is the backbone of three suggested organic compounds in present work. Our calculations depending on DFT and TD-DFT take on B3LYP hybrid function using the basis sets 6-31g to carry out some properties at the ground state electronic and photovoltaic properties for the studied compounds. The relax structures show all the compounds have quasi planar conformation. The results showed that Homo and Lumo are little different, suggesting that be different structures play substantial characters to increase an electron acceptance. The result of( Lumo-Homo) gap and the voltage of open circuit are the factors operating to refining the quality for devices of solar cells. Furthermore, due to the high probability of the process for an electron injection of the organic structure in the TiO2 conduction band, where the energy of maximum absorption and the wavelength are occur in the range spectrum of the solar.
Study of atomic properties for subshells of the systems have Z=12-16 by using Hartree-Fock approximation
Authors: Al-Assady Abbas F. , Al – Khafaji Qassim S.
Published: November 2020

The atomic properties are important to describe of the dynamics in atoms for the two-electron atomic systems studied in this work include the atom Mg, and like ions Al+1, Si+2, P+3 and S+4, Hartree-Fock approximation are used to determine the atomic properties like one electron radial density function D(r1)and its expectation value

〈

r
1
n

〉

, inter electron distribution function f(r
12) and its expectation value

〈

r
12
n

〉

, standard deviation for one and two electrons Δr
1 Δr
12, expectation values for all energies ⟨Ven
⟩, ⟨Vee
⟩, ⟨V⟩, ⟨T⟩, ⟨E⟩
Evaluation of (Ni, Cr, Cu) Concentration in the Soil of Diyala Utilizing GIS Techniques
Authors: Muhammad Jaafar S. , Jasim Kareem A. , Shaban Auday H.
Published: November 2020

The investigation of pollution’s elements were become the hot topics for the researchers. The current work aims to evaluate the concentration of some heavy elements Copper, Nickel, and Chrome (Cu, Ni, Cr) respectively. The study area of this research is Diyala province / Iraq. The base approach for this work is collecting 25 samples of soil to be studied. The samples were collected from (industrial, residential, agricultural) areas, with an average sample rate for each region with a depth (20 cm). After collecting the samples, they were sorted and compressed to prepare them for measurement by dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. Analysis after obtaining the results, they are compared with the global determinants (WHO). Through these results, we find that a noticeable increase in the element (Ni) in Aleazim corking Khanaqin, Al-Rashidiya and Mohammed Sakran, while the highest concentration of (Cr) was recorded in jadidat alshat, Najana, Al -Rashidiya and Diyala Bridge. The (Cu) concentration was recorded high in the Aleazim Dam regoin, Aleazim, Muqdadiya, hayi Mezid, Al-Khalis, Rashidiya, Mohammed Sakran and Diyar Bridge. The residential and industrial areas were indicated an increasing in concentration of the investigated elements, while the areas with good vegetation have the lowest concentrations of these elements.
Diffraction patterns and nonlinear optical properties of Nanocomposite (Gold nanoparticles / Epoxy resin polymer)
Authors: Ridha Noor J. , Alosfur Firas K. Mohamed , AL-Hamdani Ali. H. , Tahir Khawla J. , Abdulazeez Noor Zaid , Madlool Rajaa A.
Published: November 2020

We observed and analyzed diffraction rings produced by CW Nd: YAG visible laser beam in a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles doped by epoxy resin polymer. Change of refractive index, Δn, and nonlinear refractive index, n2 were calculated based on the number of rings observed. A thermal effect is due to this major nonlinearity. With rising input power and sample thickness the number of rings increases. Spot diameter of rings was calculated and noted it increase wih input power increasing and decreasing thickness of sample.
Image Classification Schemes Based on Statistical Moments of Wavelet and Sliced Radial Energy Distribution of DCT
Authors: Abbas Hashim , George Loay E.
Published: November 2020

Texture recognition is used in various pattern recognition applications and texture classification that possess a characteristic appearance. This research paper aims to provide an improved scheme to provide enhanced classification decisions and to decrease processing time significantly. This research studied the discriminating characteristics of textures by extracting them from various texture images using discrete Wavelate transform (DWT) and discrete Cosine transform DCT. Two sets of features are proposed; the first set was extracted using the traditional DCT, while the second used DWT. The features from the Cosine domain are calculated using the radial distribution of spectra, while for those extracted from Wavelet was statistical distribution of various relative moments. Four types of Euclidean distance metrics were used for classification decision purposes. The considered method was applied on 475 classes of textures belonged to 32 sets from Salzburg Texture Image Database, each set holding 16 images per class, so the a total of 7600 images were tested. Each image was separated into three bands of color component (i.e., red, green, blue). Concepts of average and standard deviation were calculated to determine the inter/intra scatter analysis for each feature to find out the best discriminating features that can be used. The final result of DWT was 99.98 for the testing sets and 99.71 for the training sets, while the final result of DCT was 99.06 for the testing sets and 96.77 for the training sets.
Image Classification Schemes Based on Gradient Matrix and Contrast Matrices
Authors: Abbas Hashim , George Loay E.
Published: November 2020

Texture classification and categorizing are used in various pattern recognition applications and classification texture that possesses a characteristic appearance. This work aims to provide an improved scheme of enhanced classification decision with the need to increase the precision time significantly. This research studied the discriminating characteristics of textures by extracting the feature from gradient matrix (GM), the features were extracted using the first-order gradient feature vector, three Gradient Matrices were established, one for Max value, another for Min value and last was the Average value, these matrices were calculated by extracting the gradient along x-axis and y-axis and the gradient along the diagonal. A feature vector consist of 210 features was calculated to represent each image sample and contrast matrix CM, The feature extracted from CM1 was The difference between the sum of the neighborhood values of 3x3 pixels those larger than the pixel values (center pixels) divided by their number and the sum of the neighborhoods values of 3x3 pixels those smaller than the pixel value divided by their number total feature vector was 210, Four types of Euclidean distance metrics were used for classification decision purposes. The concepts “average” and “standard deviation” were calculated to perform the interentra scatter analysis for each feature to find out the best discriminating features that can be used. The final result of the test set of GM is 98.3 while training set was 97.3, the final result of the test set of CM is 98.2 while training set was 95.7.
Indicators of Community participation in master plan
Authors: Hamza Mustafa Mohamed , Sabri Ali Amna Hussain
Published: November 2020

The community participation process is a key party in the plan development and success process, so the local community should have a say in building the master plans for their cities and they have the authority to make decisions. In this research, we will get acquainted with the city of Diwaniyah, the study area, and to determine its boundaries and the master plan for it., and analyzed its results using statistical methods that relate to planning indicators extracted from the conceptual framework and previous studies. A specialist distributed to the Urban Planning Directorate (11), the Diwaniyah Municipality Directorate (23) and the Governorate Bureau (17). The results of the research and through the statistical analysis of the answers in the questionnaire using the statistical program (SPSS) statistical package for social since and statistical comparisons that showed the existence of high importance and reliability of the axis of community participation in the planning process, The research also concluded that community participation is an influencing process in the master plan of the city, and the study recommended a set of recommendations, including: giving powers to the decision-makers responsible for the master plan, in order to enable them to participate effectively in the master plan, with the need to provide these local institutions with planning cadres with specialists in urban planning and community participation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mulud Faten Haithum , Dahham Najat A. , Waheed Ibrahim F.
Published: November 2020

Copper ferrite CuFe2O4nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method with different annealing temperatures (200, 450, 650 and 850) °C. Structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and LCR meter. The XRD patterns showed the system structure in Cu-ferrite had deformed at 650 °C from a cubic to a tetragonal system with apparrent a secondary phase CuO. Lattice constant decreases with increasing annealing temperatures, while crystalline volume increases. The FT-IR spectrum of sample under investigations shows two significant absorption bands, which refer to the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel. Magnetization revealed a soft ferromagnetic behavior for the composition sintered at 850 °C. The saturation magnetization, remnant magnetization, and coercivity were 32 emu.g−1, 11.64 emu.g−1, 517.16 emu.g−1, respectively. The electrical measurement of sample shows decrease in the real and imaginary part of dielectric constant with increasing frequency while and AC conductivity increasing.
Studying the effect of doping by Ag on the structural and optical properties of a-As2Te3 thin films
Authors: Sheban Yusif. H. , Shihab Aliyah.A. , Dahham Najat.A.
Published: November 2020

a-AS2Te3 was made of high purity elements that were productive. Thin film at a thickness (400 nm) was prepared using thermal evaporation techniques on cleaned glass substrates under very low vacuum (2×10−5mbar) with precipitation rate (0.33nm/s). The X-ray diffractometer showed that the pure film structure was amorphous, and the doping sample structure as polycrystalline. The result of optical properties has shown that pure and doping films have allowed a direct optical energy gap, and the energy gap for the pure film is (1.25eV) and decreases whenever we add impurities.
The effects of X-ray on the radii of Red Blood Cells
Authors: Algareb Rawaa Sami , Jaber Al-Ta’ii Hassan M. , Alsaadawi Mohenned , Alnassar Ahmed Waleed Dheyab
Published: November 2020

X-ray could be used in different useful purposes either diagnostic or therapeutic. However, the living tissues such as blood can be negatively affected with the ionizing radiation like X-ray when the body was exposed. The irregularly effect can involve the mechanical features of RBCs like shapes and radius which represent the main factors in functional performance of RBCs. Thus, any defect in these characters could lead to lose the RBC roles. Our study aimed to find the morphological changes of RBCs when they exposed to X-ray by measuring the radii using He-Ne laser technique. Three blood groups; O, AB and A, were exposed to different X-ray doses; 60, 80, 100 and 120 Kilo Electron Volt (KeV) for 1 minutes and the radius was checked after applying low power laser beams which was previously used for accurate measurement to the RBC radius compared to biological measuring techniques. The results showed that the radii of fringes (r) of irradiated RBCs for the tested groups were smaller than that of non-radiated RBCs for all X-ray doses. The radii of fringes (r) directly and significantly increase with increase the distance between the slide and screen (D). Radii of the tested RBC (d) groups were significantly altered compared to control groups which could relate to impairment of sodium and potassium pump mechanism which can lead to loss the RBC membrane permeability. Thus, RBCs uptake or loss the materials and liquids resulting in decreasing or increasing their sizes.
Assessment the Heavy elements in Policemen’s Serum using FAAS
Authors: Mohammed Mostafa S. , Tawfiq Nada F. , Aziz Al-Ani Laith Abdul
Published: November 2020

Determination of lead, cadmium and nickel concentrations in serum samples (n=50), collected from policemen at difference checkpoint in Karbala governorate, was carried out by flam atomic absorption spectrometer. The results show, that the Pb, Cd and Ni mean value were (1.016±0.052)ppb, (0.043±0.007)ppb and (0.212±0.015)ppb respectively. The result also show that the mean values of heavy elements in serum samples were higher in policemen group when compared to control group, where the statistically significantly difference (p<0.05), except for Ni were statistically non- significantly difference (p>0.05).
Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3SnI3 Structure
Authors: Tareq Dhuha E. , AbdulAlmohsin Samir M. , Waried Hussein H.
Published: November 2020

In recent years, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable interest in the photovoltaic research community because of its ease of processing, low production costs, super light-harvesting characteristics, and relatively high performance, making it more desirable than other current solar cell materials. Lead-based perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl, I, Br) solar cells have recently achieved high efficiency of ∼19.3 percent, well exceeding most thin-film and organic solar cells’ efficiencies. The presence of lead, toxic material in these solar cells, therefore poses serious challenges to our health and the environment. ‘Tin’ is nontoxic and stands as a replacement to ‘lead’ for commercial purposes. in halide based Perovskites possess a potential for higher quantum efficiency because of their enhanced light absorption capability due to the wide-ranging absorption spectrum in the visible region with a comparatively lower band gap of 1.3 eV than lead-based Perovskites. In this work, we have modeled a tin-based perovskite simulation model with FTO Glass / ZnO / CH3NH3SnI3 / Cu2O / Pt. novel architecture and analyzed using the SCAPS-1D, which is well suited for studying photovoltaic architecture. Use this software method and we analyzed the thickness, fault density, and operating temperature of the model by simulating under various conditions. With the optimize the thickness to be (0.03 μm) corresponding best efficiency among another thickness of perovskites, and other layers, the defect density of absorber layer (1017 cm-3 ) the encouraging result of maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE) reached to 9.27%, the short-circuit current density(Jsc) is 46.569 mA/cm2, and fill factor(FF) is 31.17% and open-circuit voltage(Voc) is 0.637 V is calculated.
Spectroscopic plasma diagnosis of V2O5 at a Variable of Operating Power and Pressure With Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: salman Ibrahim. Khalaf. , Mohammed Mohammad Shareef
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigate the basic characteristics of “magnetron sputtering plasma” using the target V2O5. The “magnetron sputtering plasma” is produced using “radio frequency (RF)” power supply and Argon gas. The intensity of the light emission from atoms and radicals in the plasma measured by using “optical emission spectrophotometer”, and the appeared peaks in all patterns match the standard lines from NIST database and employed are to estimate the plasma parameters, of computes electron temperature and the electron density. The characteristics of V2O5 sputtering plasma at multiple discharge provisos are studied at the “radio frequency” (RF) power ranging from 75 - 150 Watt and gas pressure (0.1, 0.08) mbar. One can observe that the intensity of the emission lines increases with increasing the sputtering power. We find that the electron temperature excess drastically from 0.95 eV to 1.11eV when the emptying gas pressure excess of 0.1 to 0.08 mbar. On the other hand the excess electron temperature from 0.9 to 1.01 eV with increasing sputtering power from 100 to 125 Watt, while the electron density decrease from 5.9×1014 to 4.5×1014 cm−3 with increasing sputtering power. and electron density decrease with increasing of pressure from 4.25×1014 to 2.80×1014 cm−3, But the electron density maximum values 5.9×1014 at pressure 0.08 mbar.
Design of Mechanical Multi-Sensor for Contaminated Water Filter Applications
Authors: Sharhan Hussein Inayah , Salim Ali Jabbar , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi
Published: November 2020

Effect of addition (salts, soil and bacteria) on piezoelectric detecting a signal of a specific liquid like water has been inspected here in the project. Identifying signals (piezoelectric) categorized and accomplished by usage of transducer that conducts a mechanical signal in the direction of the water liquid cell, and then the receptor collects the weakened indications. The quartz cell (contains water solution) embedded between the two piezo crystals and piezo crystals with silver (Ag) nanowire thin film prepared using hydrothermal method. It is clear that the formation of the yield is rope-similar and close to be uniform in width (60 ± 10 nm) whereas the extent is in a moderately wide range (from 0.2 to 4 μm) with an average at 2.5 μm. Four peaks can be recognized in XRD results, it is clear according to the ASTM cards that the film is polycrystalline at which (111), (200) and (220) silver (Ag) respectively. The range of functioning frequencies was (400 kHz - 40MHz), for all specimens, the measurement outcomes that involved reporting the first order resonance frequencies. The data presented shifting the resonance frequency to the higher order frequency for addititive cases (salts+soil+bacteria) of water.
Impact of Natural Plant on characterization of Nano Biomaterial for Blood Toxicology
Authors: Hameed Ekhlas Majeed , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi , Ahmed Baida Mohsen
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effect of adding natural plants on the properties of nanomaterial’s to treat blood poisoning caused by exposure to continuous doses of nuclear radiation has been studied. Nanomaterials were prepared in simple, inexpensive physical and chemical methods. The treatment results showed a high efficacy with a short period of time
Power Flux in Cylindrical Waveguide with Metamaterials
Authors: Ghafel Sukaina Tuama , Yasser Hassan Abid , Mahdi salih Abdul-Kareem
Published: November 2020

Analytical and numerical analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in cylindrical waveguides filled with isotropic metamaterial is presented. Emphasis is given to the characteristics of power flux in the waveguide. In the structure of the waveguide, The characteristics equation for the modes in this waveguide is obtained. The behavior of the dispersion curves and the energy flux are examined theoretically. The negative energy flux propagation through the cylindrical waveguide is confirmed.
Effect of solvents on the morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by microwave method
Authors: Jalawkhan Reda S. , Ouda Aseel Adnan , Abdul-lettif Ahmed M. , Mohamad Alosfur Firas K.
Published: November 2020

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized using microwave method as rapid, uncostly and effective method. In order to study the effect of the solvent on the morphology of the prepared samples, two different solvents were used. The first solvent was ethylene glycol (EG, 99.8%) and the other was deionized water (DIW), while titanium isopropoxideTi[OCH(CH3)2]4 was used as TiO2 precursor. A commercial microwave oven was used with a power of 750 W and 5 minutes was selected as a duration of time preparation. The prepared specimens were annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. Diverse techniques were used in this study, such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to study the structures and morphology of the prepared TiO2. Surface area was measured using Brunaner EmmettTeller (BET) technique. The XRD results revealed that the prepared samples were a pure TiO2 in anataseface.

Noticeably, FESEM results show that the prepared TiO2 samples were nanorods-like shape with a length varied from 2 μm to 30 μm and a diameter varied from 500 nm to 6 μm when EG was used as a solvent. In contrast, spherical agglomerated nanoparticles with average diameters 20 nm were obtained when DIW was used as a solvent. The BET analysis revealed that the surface area of TiO2 nanorods was 151.413 m2/g, while it was 103.365 m2/gfor TiO2 nanoparticles.
Semi – automatic approach for the creation of non - proportional load paths
Authors: Norz R. , Volk W.
Published: November 2020

Many industrial sheet metal parts experience a non – proportional loading history. The determination of such non – proportional loading paths on a laboratory scale is still very challenging and time - consuming. Most tests require different machines, tools and measurement techniques. Norz and Volk [1] have presented a new approach to create arbitrary non – proportional loading paths by using a cruciform specimen in combination with a draw bead tool. This simple experimental setup lead to a significant reduction in the experimental effort. It allows the generation of arbitrary loading paths by using only one machine, one tool and one specimen geometry without any further processing of the specimen between the forming steps. Nevertheless, the strain path could only be controlled manually after a certain forming step. In this paper, an in-line strain measurement was used to observe the real – time strain path during the experiment. This information was used to create a semi-automatic approach in which the draw bead height is adapted in order to create a prescribed strain path.
Finite Element Study on Pattern of Pins Supporting an Elastic Blankholder Used for Stamping Irregular Shaped Sheet Metal Parts
Authors: Fann K J , Liewald M
Published: November 2020

Working with individual in-process controllable elements to support an elastic blankholder is the state-of-the-art for stamping irregular shaped sheet metal parts without wrinkles and cracks. It is thus needed to carefully determine the position for each expensive device. This study is therefore aimed to appraise a feasible approach with finite element analysis, in that the blankholder is first modelled as a rigid object instead of an elastic one to evaluate the contact pressure of the blankholder to the blank during the forming process. The sites showing a locally relative high contact pressure, which are usually induced by local thickening of material, can be regarded as the locations of the supporting elements to intently form a local high pressure to control the material flow and thus to eliminate the local thickening there. As a result, since the blankholder force can be efficiently delivered from the supporting elements directly to the blankholder as well as to the blank, it is not only applied to the rectangular box-shaped part but also to a fender-like irregular sheet metal part. Furthermore, the initiated contact pressure can be maintained at locations during the whole stamping process. This is also experimentally validated by stamping a sound fender-like irregular sheet metal part with an elastic blankholder supported by elements located accordingly at those sites suggested by this study.
Influence of a drawbead passage in deep drawing processes on surface values and the tribological system
Authors: Schmid Harald , Merklein Marion
Published: November 2020

In recent times, lightweight design and functional integration in metal forming and especially in deep drawing operations lead to complex geometries. These geometries can cause variable defects in production. Especially with modern materials like AHSS or UHSS, deep drawing becomes more challenging. One common way to meet these challenges and manufacture sheet metal parts without defects is the application of drawbeads in the forming tool. Drawbeads are used for an exact control and forecast of the material flow during the deep drawing process. It was already shown, that different material parameters like the tensile strength and the fracture strain are changed significantly after running through a drawbead. In addition, there are various indications that the tribological system in a drawbead passage is also changed significantly and that this has further influence on the ongoing drawing process.

This assumption is examined with an experimental setup derived from industrial deep drawing processes. Therefore, different sheet metal materials are drawn through a drawbead geometry under the same conditions like the blank holder force, the drawing velocity or lubrication. After the drawbead passage, 3D surface parameters are measured and compared to the values in its initial state. Following, conventional strip-drawing tests with preloaded strips are carried out. The variation of the friction coefficient after a drawbead passage is analysed and compared to the initial state. The results are correlated with the surface values. For these investigations, three different materials are used: a conventional deep drawing steel because of its wide application as well as an advanced high strength steel AHSS and an aluminium alloy of the 6xxx series as representatives for modern lightweight materials.
Experimental Investigation of Multi-stage Deep Drawing of IN718 Sheet at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Nayak Kanhu C , Date Prashant P
Published: November 2020

IN718 is a nickel-based super alloy that retains its mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and hence has numerous applications in the aerospace industry. In this study, deep drawing of IN718 sheet at elevated temperatures (700-1000°C) has been investigated experimentally. Initially, stress-strain response with failure strain at different temperatures was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests along different orientations. Subsequently, hot deep drawing and re-drawing tools were designed and fabricated. A circle-grid marked circular blank of 3mm thickness was used in the first draw to form a circular cup followed by re-drawing (2nd draw). The major and minor diameter of the circular grid on the blank after the deep drawing was used to examine the strain distribution in the drawn cup and further used to calculate the thickness strain. These deep drawing operations were carried out at different temperatures with a constant blank holding force. Further, the deep drawing force at different temperatures was examined. The effect of the test temperatures during hot deep drawing and the process parameters on the variation of the thickness strain over the surface of the drawn cup has been studied. Finally, the major and minor strains are plotted in Keeler and Arcelor V9 forming limit curve to examine the formability of IN718 sheets at elevated temperature.
Comparative Investigation on Aluminum Material Modeling with applications to Springback Prediction
Authors: Deng Z
Published: November 2020

A comparative investigation on springback prediction of aluminum stampings has been completed using an industry-type “shotgun” die as the benchmark case. 5xxx aluminum alloy at a thickness of 1.5 mm was used for the shotgun die tryout. After stamping tryout, the formed panel was scanned to capture its sprung geometry. The studied aluminum alloy was characterized by means of uniaxial tensile test and hydraulic bulge test to determine the material isotropic hardening behavior and planar anisotropy. In order to determine the material kinematic hardening behavior, the exclusive Yoshida model fitting test was conducted in tension-compression (T-C) and compression-tension (C-T) loading modes with the one-cycle and three-cycle loading schemes. The shotgun benchmark case was simulated using FEA software LS-DYNA®. By comparing the simulation results with the tryout measurements, the accuracy of springback prediction was examined to evaluate the influence of material modeling, loading mode and loading cycle in the Yoshida model fitting test. Based on the current benchmark study, the best practice in springback prediction and compensation of aluminum stampings and in conducting the Yoshida model fitting test of aluminum alloys were summarized for industrial applications.