bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Degeneration After TAVR and SAVR: Incidence, Diagnosis, Predictors, and Management
Authors: Bismee Nadera N. , Javadi Niloofar , Khedr Ahmed , Omar Fatma , Awad Kamal , Abbas Mohammed Tiseer , Scalia Isabel G. , Pereyra Milagros , Bcharah George , Farina Juan M. , Ayoub Chadi , Sell-Dottin Kristen A. , Arsanjani Reza
Published: December 2024

Bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration (BAVD) is a significant clinical concern following both transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The increasing use of bioprosthetic valves in aortic valve replacement in younger patients and the subsequent rise in cases of BAVD are acknowledged in this review which aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the incidence, diagnosis, predictors, and management of BAVD. Based on a thorough review of the existing literature, this article provides an updated overview of the biological mechanisms underlying valve degeneration, including calcification, structural deterioration, and inflammatory processes and addresses the various risk factors contributing to BAVD, such as patient demographics, comorbidities, and procedural variables. The difficulties in early detection and accurate diagnosis of BAVD are discussed with an emphasis on the need for improved imaging techniques. The incidence and progression of BAVD in patients undergoing TAVR versus SAVR are compared, providing insights into the differences and similarities between the two procedures and procedural impacts on valve longevity. The current strategies for managing BAVD, including re-intervention options of redo surgery and valve-in-valve TAVR, along with emerging treatments are discussed. The controversies in the existing literature are highlighted to offer directions for future investigations to enhance the understanding and management of BAVD.
Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes After Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The Effect of Additional Ablations
Authors: Antoun Ibrahim , Kotb Ahmed I. , Vali Zakkariya , Abdelrazik Ahmed , Koev Ivelin , Safwan Kassem , Lau Edward Y. M. , Somani Riyaz , Ng Ghulam André
Published: December 2024

Background: pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) improves health-related quality of life (QoL). This study compares QoL improvement after radiofrequency ablation (RF) and cryoballoon ablation (cryo) and assesses additional ablations’ role in QoL improvement. Methods: we evaluated the QoL of consecutive patients with first-time RF and cryo for PAF between January 2017 and June 2019. A combined EQ-VAS, AFEQT, and EQ-5D-3L paper questionnaire was sent to patients at baseline, 12, and 30 months after the procedure. Procedure and patient details were collected from medical notes. Results: the analysis included 207 patients, of which 127 (61%) had RF and 144 (70%) were males. RF patients had more additional ablations (52 [41%] versus 22 [28%], p = 0.01). There was a significant improvement from baseline to 12 months post-RF in AFEQT (43 ± 9 to 83 ± 7.8, p < 0.001), EQ-5D-3L (−0.01 ± 0.01 to 1.1 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), and EQ-VAS (51 ± 8 to 77 ± 13, p = 0.01). Similarly, an improvement at 12 months was observed after cryo in AFEQT (55 ± 11 to 77 ± 9, p < 0.001), EQ-5D-3L (−0.04 ± 0.03 to 1.3 ± 0.03, p < 0.001), and EQ-VAS (56 ± 7 to 85 ± 9, p = 0.01). QoL improvement was similar between RF and cryo. Additional ablations provided no additional QoL improvement compared to patients with PVI alone. Conclusions: Patients undergoing first-time PVI for PAF, RF, and cryo showed similar QoL improvement at 12 months, which was sustained at 30 months. Additional ablations did not provide further QoL benefits.
Photodynamic Therapy Using IR-783 Liposomes for Advanced Tongue and Breast Cancers in Humans
Authors: Komura Yasuo , Kimura Shintarou , Hirasawa Yumi , Katagiri Tomoko , Takaura Ayana , Yoshida Fumika , Fukuro Saki , Muranishi Hiromi , Imataki Osamu , Homma Koichiro
Published: December 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment that elicits tumor apoptosis using laser light exclusively applied to the tumor site. IR-783, a heptamethine cyanine (HMC) dye, impedes the proliferation of breast cancer cells, even without light. Although studies have investigated the efficacy of IR-783 in cell and animal studies, its efficacy in clinical settings remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy of PDT using IR-783 liposomes. An HMC dye, excited by long-wavelength infrared light and with high tissue permeability, was used for PDT after liposomization to enhance tumor tissue accumulation. PDT was performed using IR-783 in two patients with either tongue or breast cancer, one each. IR-783 liposomes inhibited cell proliferation in tongue cancer cells even when not excited by light. Tumor size was markedly reduced in both cases, with no significant adverse events. Furthermore, the patient with tongue cancer exhibited improved respiratory, swallowing, and speech functions, which were attributed not only to the shrinkage of the tumor but also to the improvement in airway narrowing. In conclusion, PDT using IR-783 liposomes effectively reduces tumor size in tongue and breast cancers.
Temporal Gap-Aware Attention Model for Temporal Action Proposal Generation
Authors: Sooksatra Sorn , Watcharapinchai Sitapa
Published: December 2024

Temporal action proposal generation is a method for extracting temporal action instances or proposals from untrimmed videos. Existing methods often struggle to segment contiguous action proposals, which are a group of action boundaries with small temporal gaps. To address this limitation, we propose incorporating an attention mechanism to weigh the importance of each proposal within a contiguous group. This mechanism leverages the gap displacement between proposals to calculate attention scores, enabling a more accurate localization of action boundaries. We evaluate our method against a state-of-the-art boundary-based baseline on ActivityNet v1.3 and Thumos 2014 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly improves the performance of short-duration and contiguous action proposals, achieving an average recall of 78.22%.
Elucidating Early Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity Markers in Preclinical Genetic Models Through Advanced Machine Learning and Cardiac MRI
Authors: An Dayeong , Ibrahim El-Sayed
Published: December 2024

Radiation therapy (RT) is widely used to treat thoracic cancers but carries a risk of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). This study aimed to detect early markers of RIHD using machine learning (ML) techniques and cardiac MRI in a rat model. SS.BN3 consomic rats, which have a more subtle RIHD phenotype compared to Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats, were treated with localized cardiac RT or sham at 10 weeks of age. Cardiac MRI was performed 8 and 10 weeks post-treatment to assess global and regional cardiac function. ML algorithms were applied to differentiate sham-treated and irradiated rats based on early changes in myocardial function. Despite normal global left ventricular ejection fraction in both groups, strain analysis showed significant reductions in the anteroseptal and anterolateral segments of irradiated rats. Gradient boosting achieved an F1 score of 0.94 and an ROC value of 0.95, while random forest showed an accuracy of 88%. These findings suggest that ML, combined with cardiac MRI, can effectively detect early preclinical changes in RIHD, particularly alterations in regional myocardial contractility, highlighting the potential of these techniques for early detection and monitoring of radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Investigation of the Fabrication Parameters’ Influence on the Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed Copper-Filled Metal Composite Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Kyratsis Vasileios , Tzotzis Anastasios , Korlos Apostolos , Efkolidis Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the effects of fabrication parameters such as the nozzle temperature, the flow rate, and the layer thickness on the tensile strength of copper-filled metal-composite specimens. The selected material is a polylactic acid (PLA) filament filled with 65% copper powder. Two sets of 27 specimens each were fabricated, and equivalent tensile experiments were carried out using a universal testing machine. The experiments were planned according to the full factorial design, with three printing parameters, as well as three value levels for each parameter. The analysis revealed that the temperature and the flow rate had the greatest impact on the yielded tensile strength, with their contribution percentages being 42.41% and 22.16%, respectively. In addition, a regression model was developed based on the experimental data to predict the tensile strength of the 3D-printed copper-filled metal composite within the investigated range of parameters. The model was evaluated using statistical methods, highlighting its increased accuracy. Finally, an optimization study was carried out according to the principles of the desirability function. The optimal fabrication parameters were determined to maximize the tensile strength of the specimens: temperature equal to 220 °C, flow rate equal to 110%, and layer thickness close to 0.189 mm.
Fast Parameter Estimation of Linear Frequency Modulation Signals in Marine Environments Based on Gradient Optimization Strategy
Authors: Wen Jiawei , Ouyang Zhe , Nie Donghu , Ren Cong
Published: December 2024

Multi-buoy sonar systems achieve target localization by receiving broadband Linear Frequency Modulation signals emitted from the transmitter. Accurate estimations of the parameters of Linear Frequency Modulation signals significantly enhance the localization accuracy. Linear Frequency Modulation signals can be focused into the fractional domain through Fractional Fourier Transform, but this increases the computational complexity. In marine environments, the low signal-to-noise ratio and multipath effects degrade the parameter estimation accuracy further. To address these issues, this paper proposes a fast estimation algorithm based on the Fractional Fourier Transform and a Gradient Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer. This algorithm leverages the impulsive characteristics of Linear Frequency Modulation signals after Fractional Fourier Transform transformation, using the Fractional Fourier Transform as the fitness function. The Gradient Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer algorithm includes three enhancement strategies: chaotic mapping initialization, a Golden Sine Algorithm, and an adaptive t-distribution variational operator. The simulation results demonstrate that the Gradient Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer algorithm improves the issues of low diversity in the search agents, imbalanced global and local search capabilities, and susceptibility to local optima. A comparative analysis and statistical testing confirm that under a low signal-to-noise ratio and multipath effect conditions, the Gradient Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer algorithm not only ensures real-time parameter estimation but also improves the estimation accuracy. The results of the parameter estimation provide reliable data support for subsequent target localization.
Assessing the Contribution of Posidonia oceanica to Mediterranean Secondary Production Through Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Deidun Alan , Azzopardi Freja , Marrone Alessio , Massa-Gallucci Alexia , Cutajar Karl , Hayden Brian
Published: December 2024

The role of seagrasses in providing a complex habitat for marine organisms is globally documented; however, few studies have investigated the trophic incorporation of endemic Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica into marine food webs. Meadows of P. oceanica are declining due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures, emphasising the need to determine its contribution in local trophic dynamics. We investigated whether benthic marine invertebrate (BMI) and fish consumers assimilate carbon directly from P. oceanica seagrass or other sources along the seagrass meadow margins in Malta. We sampled and analysed the δ13C and δ15N isotope values of P. oceanica, particulate organic matter (POM), macroalgae, 14 invertebrate taxa, and 10 fishes at three locations marginal to P. oceanica seagrass meadows. Stable isotope ratios were significantly different between all taxa (F26 = 17.37, R2 = 0.68, p < 0.01) and locations (F2 = 34.22, R2 = 0.10, p < 0.01). The source, invertebrate, and fishes were enriched in both 13C and 15N at Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq relative to the other locations, L’Aħrax and Golden Bay, likely due to the increased effluent. Stable isotope mixing models were somewhat confounded as POM and macroalgae had similar δ13C and δ15N values at each site, hampering efforts to define the resource use of the sampled taxa. However, Posidonia oceanica made the lowest contribution for both consumer groups at all locations, consistent with the results of other Mediterranean studies, suggesting that P. oceanica does not contribute significantly to the diet of consumers at seagrass meadow margins within Maltese waters.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Flow Stabilization Process in a Miniature Circulating Water Channel Equipped with Combined Porous Plate Structures
Authors: Li Chengxiang , Luo Ruilong , Wang Fang
Published: December 2024

As a foundational platform for fluid dynamics research on underwater devices, the quality of stable and uniform incoming flow in a circulating water channel (CWC) is essential. Due to the inherent structural characteristics of porous media, their application has become widespread in offshore and marine engineering. This study presents the design of a miniature circulating water channel, alongside the development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model to simulate the interaction between porous media and incoming flow. By analyzing the pressure loss of fluid within the porous plates and incorporating it as a source term in the momentum equation, heavy computational costs associated with fine mesh requirements in micro porous models were avoided. Simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of combined porous plates on the flow field, and the porous media model was validated by comparisons with experimental data. The distribution of the flow field within the channel was analyzed to define the test section, which was conducive to further structural optimization. The results indicated that the combined porous plates stabilized the flow field of the CWC, and, following structural optimization, the occurrence of backflow was reduced, thereby expanding the effective test section range.
Compliance Behavior in Environmental Tax Policy
Authors: Hakam Suci Lestari , Rahayu Agus , Wibowo Lili Adi , Hakam Lazuardi Imani , Nugroho Muhamad Adhi , Fuadi Siti Sarah
Published: December 2024

This study examines compliance behavior in the context of environmental tax policies, highlighting the essential role that these policies play in achieving the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental taxes are crucial instruments for reducing environmental damage and increasing energy efficiency. Nevertheless, taxpayer compliance, which is impacted by several variables, including social acceptability, regulatory quality, and perceptions of fairness, is a key component of these policies’ efficacy. In contrast to earlier research, which frequently concentrated on certain kinds of tax or discrete policy mechanisms, this study takes a broad approach, looking at a range of environmental taxation instruments. Emerging trends, significant factors influencing compliance behavior, and noteworthy contributions from eminent authors and organizations are all identified via bibliometric and scientometric analyses. To create fair and effective environmental tax policies, interdisciplinary approaches and international collaboration are required. Along with presenting policies to improve environmental regulation compliance, this study offers insightful advice for businesses that can help them innovate toward sustainability and adjust to shifting policy. It also provides a solid theoretical base for future researchers by highlighting important areas that require more investigation, especially when it comes to the wider effects of environmental taxes on various industries.
The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Attributes and Financial Well-Being of Low-Income Urban Families Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Salim Abdullah Sallehhuddin , Md Yatim Norzarina , Abu Said Al Mansor
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the Movement Control Order (MCO) have had a negative impact on the financial well-being of low-income families in urban areas. This study involved respondents living in the public housing project (PPR) residential areas in Kuala Lumpur—the capital of Malaysia. The key finding is that the financial well-being of low-income urban families was negatively impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the MCO implementation. Furthermore, the impact on the financial well-being of low-income urban families is significantly different in terms of types of families, type and sector of employment, type of home ownership, household monthly income, and education level. Reforms to the financial assistance system and the community empowerment of low-income urban families are necessary to increase the community’s preparedness and resilience in the face of new shocks in the future.
Propagation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Meteorological Drought to Soil Drought in the Upper Reaches of the Shiyang River Based on the Copula Function
Authors: Zhou Junju , Gou Anning , Xu Shizhen , Wu Yuze , Yang Xuemei , Wei Wei , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Dongxia , Shi Peiji
Published: December 2024

Drought propagation is a complex process, and understanding the propagation mechanisms of meteorological drought to soil drought is crucial for early warning, disaster prevention, and mitigation. This study focuses on eight tributaries in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River. Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI), the Drought Propagation Intensity Index (DIP) and Copula function were applied to quantify the intensity and time of drought propagation from meteorological to soil drought and explored the drought propagation patterns at different temporal and spatial scales in these tributaries. Results showed that, in the 0–10 cm soil layer, the propagation intensity of meteorological drought to soil drought was peer-to-peer, with a propagation time of one month. In the middle (10–40 cm) and deep (40–100 cm) soil layers, propagation characteristics differed between the eastern and western tributaries. The western tributaries experienced stronger drought propagation intensity and shorter propagation times (2–4 months), while the eastern tributaries exhibited peer-to-peer propagation intensity with longer times (4–10 months). The large areas of forests and grasslands in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River contributed to strong land–atmosphere interactions, leading to peer-to-peer drought propagation intensity in the 0–10 cm soil layer. The eastern tributaries had extensive cultivated land, where irrigation during meteorological drought enhanced soil moisture, resulting in peer-to-peer propagation intensity in the middle (10–40 cm) and deep (40–100 cm) soil layers. In contrast, the western tributaries, with larger forest areas and widespread permafrost, experienced high water consumption and limited recharge in the 10–40 cm and 40–100 cm soil layers, leading to strong drought propagation.
How to Build a Rural Community to Develop High-Quality Rural Tourism: A Case Study of Innovative Development Strategies for Idle Rural Homesteads in China
Authors: Qian Shuang , Luo Xiaolong , Liu Xiaoman
Published: December 2024

In China, rural tourism development constitutes a significant strategy for integrating and utilizing rural resources to achieve rural prosperity. However, reconciling the interests of villagers, government entities, and market actors is difficult in practice, leading to potential pitfalls such as the erosion of rural characteristics, villagers’ rights, and sustainability. The establishment of rural communities in China’s current rural areas can effectively resolve conflicts of interest among diverse stakeholders and address bottlenecks in rural tourism development. However, there is still a lack of theoretical and practical exploration of the maintenance and value realization of rural communities. This study explores the impact of innovative strategies employed during rural tourism development on community growth through a case study of the village of Baifeng in the Anhui province. The results indicate that fostering a sense of community among stakeholders and supporting marginalized groups are the most significant values in the development of rural communities. In practice, effective collaboration and communication among stakeholders, mutual acceptance and conflict resolution, and the development of community emotions/consciousness can help rural communities achieve high-quality construction. This study offers valuable insights into the theoretical advancement of rural communities and represents an excellent case study for the research on rural revitalization and common prosperity.
Identification of Priority Supply Areas for Carbon Sinks Based on Ecosystem Service Flow: A Case Study for the Hexi Region in Northwestern China
Authors: Zhu Meng , Su Yingqing , Feng Qi , Liu Wei , Xue Yuanyuan , Wang Lingge , Chen Zexia , Zhang Jutao
Published: December 2024

The development and implementation of regional protection plans for ecosystem carbon storage services have been recognized as crucial actions for mitigating global climate change. However, the supply areas of carbon sequestration in terms of ecosystem service flows in inland regions are still less evaluated. The goal of this study is to identify the priority-ranked supply areas for carbon sinks. Here, we conducted a case study in the Hexi Region of northwestern China and proposed a framework to quantify the priority supply areas for carbon sinks from the perspective of ecosystem service flows. Firstly, we quantified the carbon service supply and demand areas by combining carbon models (i.e., the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach model and soil respiration models) with socioeconomic and natural factors. Then, we introduced a breaking point formula to estimate ecosystem service flow, specifically focusing on distance or range. Finally, we determined priority supply areas for carbon sinks based on the Zonation model. The results showed that significantly higher carbon sequestration values were detected in the Qilian Mountains, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 t hm−2, in comparison with desert oasis areas, where the supply values ranged from 0 to 0.01 t hm−2. The urban areas and rural settlements within the study area are characterized by higher values of carbon emissions compared to those in the Qilian Mountains and deserts. The carbon flow analysis demonstrated that the middle and northern parts of the study area, being characterized by lower precipitation and sandy landscapes, were identified as locations with low carbon sequestration fluxes (<1.0 t hm−2). In addition, the mountainous regions were identified as the main highest priority area for ecosystem carbon sequestration, covering 8.33% of total area of the Hexi Region. Our findings highlighted the importance of the Qilian Mountains in terms of sustaining carbon sequestration service supply in the Hexi Region and targeted ecological protection practices to be implemented going forward.
Situational Awareness Errors in Forklift Logistics Operations: A Multiphase Eye-Tracking and Think-Aloud Approach
Authors: Arias-Portela Claudia Yohana , Mora-Vargas Jaime , Caro Martha , Salinas-Navarro David Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Background: This study explores forklift operators’ situational awareness (SA) and human errors in logistic operations using a multiphase approach as an innovative methodology. Methods: Ethnography, eye tracking, error taxonomy, and retrospective think-aloud (RTA) were used to study the diverse cognitive, behavioral, and operational aspects affecting SA. After analyzing 566 events across 18 tasks, this research highlighted eye tracking’s potential by offering real-time insights into operator behavior and RTA’s potential as a method for cross-checking the causal factors underlying errors. Results: Critical tasks, like positioning forklifts and lowering pallets, significantly impact incident occurrence, while high-cognitive demand tasks, such as hoisting and identifying pedestrians/obstacles, reduce SA and increase errors. Driving tasks are particularly vulnerable to errors and are the most affected by operator risk generators (ORGs), representing 42% of incident risk events. This study identifies driving, hoisting, and lowering loads as the tasks most influenced by system factors. Limitations include the task difficulty levels, managing physical risk, and training. Future research is suggested in autonomous industrial vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into how we may improve safety in logistics operations by proposing a multiphase methodology to uncover the patterns of attention, perception, and cognitive errors and their impact on decision-making.
A Hybrid Forecasting System Based on Comprehensive Feature Selection and Intelligent Optimization for Stock Price Index Forecasting
Authors: He Xuecheng , Wang Jujie
Published: December 2024

Accurate forecasts of stock indexes can not only provide reference information for investors to formulate relevant strategies but also provide effective channels for the government to regulate the market. However, due to its volatility and complexity, predicting the stock price index has always been a challenging task. This paper proposes a hybrid forecasting system based on comprehensive feature selection and intelligent optimization for stock price index forecasting. First, a recursive feature elimination with a cross-validation (RFECV) algorithm is designed to filter variables that have a significant impact on the target data from multiple datasets. Then, the stack autoencoder (SAE) algorithm is constructed to compress the feature variables. At last, an enhanced least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm is established to obtain high-precision point prediction results, and the Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm is used to obtain reasonable interval prediction results. Taking the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) as an example, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the model were 6.989 and 0.158%, respectively. In addition, the prediction interval coverage probability (PICP) is 99.792%. Through experimental comparison, the model shows high prediction accuracy and generalization ability.
Modified Trapezoidal Product Cubature Rules: Definiteness, Monotonicity, and a Posteriori Error Estimates
Authors: Nikolov Geno , Nikolov Petar
Published: December 2024

We study two modifications of the trapezoidal product cubature formulae, approximating double integrals over the square domain [a,b]2=[a,b]×[a,b]. Our modified cubature formulae use mixed type data: except evaluations of the integrand on the points forming a uniform grid on [a,b]2, they involve two or four univariate integrals. A useful property of these cubature formulae is that they are definite of order (2,2), that is, they provide one-sided approximation to the double integral for real-valued integrands from the class C2,2[a,b]={f(x,y):∂4f∂x2∂y2continuousanddoesnotchangesignin(a,b)2}. For integrands from C2,2[a,b] we prove monotonicity of the remainders and derive a posteriori error estimates.
Adaptive Douglas–Rachford Algorithms for Biconvex Optimization Problem in the Finite Dimensional Real Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Lin Ming-Shr , Chuang Chih-Sheng
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we delve into the realm of biconvex optimization problems, introducing an adaptive Douglas–Rachford algorithm and presenting related convergence theorems in the setting of finite-dimensional real Hilbert spaces. It is worth noting that our approach to proving the convergence theorem differs significantly from those in the literature.
On the Growth Orders and Types of Biregular Functions
Authors: Yuan Hongfen , Karachik Valery , Wang Danting , Ji Tieguo
Published: December 2024

One of the main aims of Clifford analysis is to study the growth properties of regular functions. Biregular functions are a well-known generalization of regular functions. In this paper, the growth orders and types of biregular functions are studied. First, generalized growth orders and types of biregular functions are defined in the context of Clifford analysis. Then, using the methods of Wiman and Valiron, generalized Lindelöf–Pringsheim theorems are proved, which show the relationship between growth orders, growth types, and Taylor series. These connections allow us to calculate the growth order and determine the type of biregular functions.
Fixed-Time Command-Filtered Control for Nonlinear Systems with Mismatched Disturbances
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Zhang Jian , Xing Lei , Sun Liyang
Published: December 2024

This article concerns the issue of adaptive fuzzy command-filtered fixed-time control in the context of a category of nonlinear systems characterized by mismatched disturbances and unknown nonlinear functions. The backstepping-based disturbance observers are created to alleviate the effects of mismatched disturbances and Fuzzy logic systems are brought into play to model those terms that are unknown. To address the complexity explosion issue in traditional backstepping control, this paper utilizes fixed-time command filters (FTCFs) to design a novel control approach. Moreover, filtering error compensation mechanisms are developed to eliminate the errors introduced by the FTCFs. This paper derives a novel adaptive fixed-time control protocol that successfully conquers the difficulties posed by unknown nonlinear functions and mismatched disturbances. The protocol, implemented within a backstepping framework, guarantees the boundedness of all signals and tracking errors within fixed time. The efficacy of the derived control protocol is illustrated through simulation examples.
Mixed Multi-Strategy Improved Aquila Optimizer and Its Application in Path Planning
Authors: Bao Tianyue , Zhao Jiaxin , Liu Yanchang , Guo Xusheng , Chen Tianshuo
Published: December 2024

With the growing prevalence of drone technology across various sectors, efficient and safe path planning has emerged as a critical research priority. Traditional Aquila Optimizers, while effective, face limitations such as uneven population initialization, a tendency to get trapped in local optima, and slow convergence rates. This study presents a multi-strategy fusion of the improved Aquila Optimizer, aiming to enhance its performance by integrating diverse optimization techniques, particularly in the context of path planning. Key enhancements include the integration of Bernoulli chaotic mapping to improve initial population diversity, a spiral stepping strategy to boost search precision and diversity, and a “stealing” mechanism from the Dung Beetle Optimization algorithm to enhance global search capabilities and convergence. Additionally, a nonlinear balance factor is employed to dynamically manage the exploration–exploitation trade-off, thereby increasing the optimization of speed and accuracy. The effectiveness of the mixed multi-strategy improved Aquila Optimizer is validated through simulations on benchmark test functions, CEC2017 complex functions, and path planning scenarios. Comparative analysis with seven other optimization algorithms reveals that the proposed method significantly improves both convergence speed and optimization accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of mixed multi-strategy improved Aquila Optimizer in advancing drone path planning performance, offering enhanced safety and efficiency.
The Effect of Leachate Recycling on the Dynamics of Two Competing Bacteria with an Obligate One-Way Beneficial Relationship in a Chemostat
Authors: Almuashi Hanan H. , Almuallem Nada A. , El Hajji Miled
Published: December 2024

In the present work, we study a simple mathematical model that describes the competition of two bacterial species with an obligate one-way beneficial relationship for a limited substrate in a bioreactor associated with leachate recirculation. The substrate is present into two forms, insoluble and soluble substrates, where the latter is consumed by the two competing bacteria, which have two general nonlinear growth rates. The reduction of the model to a 2D one facilitates the study of the nature of the equilibrium points. The dynamic system admits multiple steady states. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the added insoluble and soluble substrates and the dilution rate to guarantee the existence, uniqueness, and local and global stability of such steady states. It is deduced that the coexistence of both bacteria is possible, which contradicts the competitive exclusion principle. In the second step, we propose an optimal control on the leachate recirculation rate that reduces the organic matter inside the reactor. Finally, we provide some numerical examples that corroborate and reinforce the theoretical findings.
Abnormalities of IL-12 Family Cytokine Pathways in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Ene Corina-Daniela , Nicolae Ilinca , Căpușă Cristina
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent genetic renal disease with a complex physiopathology. More and more studies sustain that inflammation plays a crucial role in ADPKD pathogenesis and progression. We evaluated IL-12 involvement in ADPKD pathophysiology by assessing the serum levels of its monomers and heterodimers. Materials and Methods: A prospective case-control study was developed and included 66 ADPKD subjects and a control group of 40 healthy subjects. The diagnosis of ADPKD was based on familial history clinical and imagistic exams. The study included subjects with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 mp, with no history of hematuria or other renal disorders, with stable blood pressure in the last 6 months. We tested serum levels of monomers IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p35 and heterodimers IL-12 p70, IL-23, IL 35, assessed by ELISA method. Results: IL-12 family programming was abnormal in ADPKD patients. IL-12p70, IL-12p40, and IL-23 secretion increased, while IL-12p35 and IL-35 secretion decreased compared to control. IL-12p70, IL-12p40, and IL-23 had a progressive increase correlated with immune response amplification, a decrease of eGFR, an increase in TKV, and in albuminuria. On the other hand, IL-35 and IL-12p35 were correlated negatively with CRP and albuminuria and positively with eGFR in advanced ADPKD. Conclusions: The present study investigated IL-12 cytokine family members’ involvement in ADPKD pathogenesis, enriching our understanding of inflammation in the most common renal genetic disorder.
Salivary Cortisol and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) as Biomarkers of Stress in Dental Medicine Students—A Pilot Study
Authors: Bolos Otilia , Bolchis Vanessa , Dumitrescu Ramona , Alexa Vlad Tiberiu , Buzatu Berivan Laura Rebeca , Marcu Anca , Marian Catalin , Ciordas Paula Diana , Jumanca Daniela , Galuscan Atena , Balean Octavia
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Stress is a significant issue among dental students, with both psychological and physiological impacts affecting their academic performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between academic stress and salivary biochemical markers, specifically cortisol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in third- and fifth-year dental students during the 2022/2023 academic year. Materials and Methods: This study included 44 participants from the Faculty of Dental Medicine at Victor Babes University, Romania. Saliva samples were collected during a low-stress period and prior to exams (high-stress period). Results: Cortisol and TAC levels were measured using ELISA and TAC assays, respectively, decreasing from an average of 3.69 (SD ± 1.49) before stress to 2.86 (SD ± 2.28) during high-stress periods (p < 0.05), while salivary cortisol levels showed a non-significant change from 23.69 (SD ± 35.6) ng/mL to 20.44 (SD ± 23.07) ng/mL; additionally, female participants exhibited a mean STAI score of 91.65 (SD ± 5.13) compared to 91.09 (SD ± 9.41) for males, indicating greater stress responses among females. Conclusions: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores confirmed elevated anxiety levels during exams. The findings suggest that academic stress negatively impacts TAC while triggering a moderate increase in salivary cortisol, underlining the need for stress management interventions in dental education.
Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Practice—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Iordan Liana , Avram Vlad Florian , Timar Bogdan , Sturza Adrian , Popescu Simona , Albai Oana , Timar Romulus Zorin
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects millions across the globe, generating a veritable public health issue through quality-of-life-reducing chronic complications, among which urinary tract infections are the most common. A shift in the disease managing paradigm from a glucose-centered view to a concept of cardio-reno-metabolic health has uniquely placed SGLT2 inhibitors as viable medication for the complex management of T2DM and its comorbidities. Some concerns have been raised over the increased likelihood of urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use. The current study aims to evaluate the risk of developing urinary tract infections if patients with type 2 diabetes take SGLT2 inhibitors and determine those factors which make these patients more prone to develop this undesired complication. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, noninterventional evaluation of 328 patients with type 2 diabetes consecutively admitted to the Diabetes Clinic of “Pius Brinzeu” County Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, between January and February of 2024, was performed by examining medical charts and running statistical analyses using MedCalc version 22.26.0.0. Results: There was no statistical difference between patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors and those taking other glucose lowering medications when examining the presence of UTIs. Those patients with a higher HbA1c or BMI showed an increased predisposition to contracting UTI. The female gender was also associated with an increased likelihood of UTI. A further evaluation of the sublot of patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors revealed that not only higher BMI or HbA1c could be a predictor for the likelihood of developing UTI, but also a longer duration of T2DM was a predisposing factor. Conclusions: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase the likelihood of developing a urinary tract infection in this patient population.
Does Frequent Use of Advanced Energy Devices Improve Hysterectomy Outcomes?
Authors: Seo Hyunkyoung , Lee Seon-Mi , Seol Aeran , Kim Seongmin , Lee Sanghoon , Song Jae-Yun
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the efficient use of advanced energy devices by examining the impact of their usage frequency on surgical outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between 2020 and 2023 by a single surgeon. The patients’ medical records and surgical videos were reviewed. Cases were categorized into three groups based on the frequency of usage of advanced energy devices: Group 1 (≤10 uses), Group 2 (11–20 uses), and Group 3 (≥21 uses). The differences in blood loss, surgery time, and surgical outcomes among these groups were analyzed. This study was conducted as a single-center retrospective analysis. It included 126 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and provided informed consent for video recording. To evaluate the usage of advanced energy devices, anonymized surgical videos were reviewed, and outcomes were analyzed based on the frequency of usage of advanced energy devices. Results: The time required for surgery differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.006). However, no significant differences were observed in the changes in hemoglobin levels or estimated blood loss (p = 0.255 and 0.053, respectively). Additionally, the application of hemostatic agents, the need for intraoperative or postoperative transfusions, and the use of intravenous hemostatic agents postoperatively showed no notable variation. Complication rates, including rates of hematoma, urinary tract injury, gastrointestinal injury, and infections necessitating reoperation, were also comparable. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the prudent and strategic use of advanced energy devices, rather than their frequent application, may improve surgical efficiency without increasing the risk of complications.
Comparative Retreatment Efficacy of Two Multi-File Systems with Different Access Cavity Designs: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Odabaşı Tezer Emine , Kırmızı Dilan , Abduljalil Mohamad , Basmacı Fatma , Buyuksungur Arda , Dartar Öztan Meltem
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The access cavity design and instrumentation system could affect the remaining root canal obturation materials in root canal retreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two different multi-file systems in removing obturation materials with two different access cavities utilizing micro-CT scanning. Materials and Methods: Conservative access cavity (CAC) preparation was performed for 80 mandibular premolars. Then, root canal preparation was employed followed by obturation. The retreatment process began by dividing the samples into two separate groups: conservative (CAC) and traditional (TAC) access cavities. Subsequently, these groups were assigned to eight distinct subgroups (n = 10): Group 1; TAC and ProTaper retreatment system (PTR) with ProTaper Next (PTN); Group 2, TAC and PTR + ProTaper Ultimate (PTUL); Group 3, TAC and PTN; Group 4, TAC and PTUL; Group 5, CAC and PTR + PTN; Group 6, CAC and PTR + PTUL; Group 7, CAC and PTN; and Group 8, CAC and PTUL. The samples underwent micro-CT scans before and after the retreatment process, and the volume and percentages of remaining root canal filling material were calculated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed, and significance was determined at the 5% level. Results: The influence of the access cavity design (p = 0.500), the ProTaper system (p = 0.138), and the interaction of these variables (p = 0.513) was insignificant. However, group 3 (TAC and PTN) showed the highest percentage of remaining obturation materials at 29.53%, contrasting with group 6 (CAC and PTR + PTUL). Conclusions: Neither retreatment procedure succeeded in completely removing filling materials. Nevertheless, the impact of access cavity design, different multi-file systems, and their interaction on the remaining root canal obturation materials was deemed insignificant.
“To Be or Not to Be” a Conscientious Objector to Voluntary Abortion: An Italian Web-Survey of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Aquino Carmen Imma , Troìa Libera , Guida Maurizio , Surico Daniela
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Conscientious objection to voluntary abortion remains a hot debate topic. This could affect the accessibility to pregnancy termination. Our aim is to evaluate the possible aspects related to an operators’ choice about objection for voluntary abortion, such as the following: the abolition of the time limit, the instruction of a multi-collegiate commission, the introduction of pharmacological rather than surgical procedures, the fetal/maternal illness and the case of sexual violence. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study that involves a cohort of Italian healthcare workers who answered a web-survey. Results: Of the total 352 respondents, only 20.8% affirmed to be objectors versus 79.2% of non-objectors. For the objectors, 72.2% declared that they would not change status in case of pharmacological abortion; 79.7% would not suspend their choice for interruption in the second trimester; 63.3% would suspend the objection with a multi-collegiate commission, and 69.0% would discontinue their objection in the case of sexual violence. 72.0% of the total participants declared that the abolition of the time limit could have a resecuring impact on women’s choice. Conclusions: Most operators declared that the abolition of the time limit could have beneficial effects. Among the objectors, the status would change especially with the introduction of a multi-collegiate commission, and in case of serious maternal/fetal illness and/or sexual violence.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brief Interventions for Smoking Cessation Performed by Family Doctors
Authors: Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Grasa Catalin Nicolae , Gurgas Leonard , Cristurean Constantin-Viorel , Hanzu-Pazara Loredana , Hangan Tony
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is the most important cause of chronic diseases and premature death worldwide. Very brief advice (VBA) and brief advice (BA) represent evidence-based interventions designed to increase quit attempts. These are appropriate for all smokers, regardless of their motivation to quit, and involve several steps regarding the assessment, advice, and action. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these brief interventions offered by general practitioners (GPs) in smoking cessation. Methods: A systematic search for articles that presented these interventions as an aid to support smoking cessation was conducted. The rate of successful smoking cessation was evaluated following interventions offered by general practitioners, regardless of the patients’ present motivation to quit. Results: We have checked if these interventions can be used as an innovative method to help active smokers make an informed decision regarding their behaviour. Assisted/supported/guided by a general practitioner, current cigarette smokers can decide to quit smoking and identify the best way of cessation. We processed relevant data where brief interventions were used as the main counselling method to aid smoking cessation, regardless of using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), heated tobacco products (HTPs), or vaping.