bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System for Synchronized Navigation of an Environment by Mobile Agents
Authors: Ekpar Frank Edughom
Published: February 2022

This paper discloses methods, systems and devices for synchronized navigation of an environment by a plurality of mobile agents wherein aspects of the navigation of one or more of the agents are used to moderate aspects of the navigation of one or more other agents. In one embodiment, two mobile agents - a baby stroller and a caregiver – are configured in a manner that facilitates tandem navigation of the environment by the mobile agents. In yet another embodiment, a wheelchair designed to transport a disabled person navigates in tandem with a guide such as a human guide, a guide dog or any other suitable agent. Other embodiments including an entertainment application in which a mobile agent follows or leads another are also disclosed.
Classification of Red Blood Cells using Principal Component Analysis Technique
Authors: Alkrimi Jameela Ali , Tome Sherna Aziz , George Loay E.
Published: February 2022

Principal component analysis (PCA) is based feature reduction that reduces the correlation of features. In this research, a novel approach is proposed by applying the PCA technique on various morphologies of red blood cells (RBCs). According to hematologists, this method successfully classified 40 different types of abnormal RBCs. The classification of RBCs into various distinct subtypes using three machine learning algorithms is important in clinical and laboratory tests for detecting blood diseases. The most common abnormal RBCs are considered as anemic. The RBC features are sufficient to identify the type of anemia and the disease that caused it. Therefore, we found that several features extracted from RBCs in the blood smear images are not significant for classification when observed independently but are significant when combined with other features. The number of feature vectors is reduced from 271 to 8 as time resuming in training and accuracy percentage increased to 98%.
Evaluating Psychoacoustic Parameters and Quality of Transmitted Speech Over Wireless Networks
Authors: Olatubosun A. , Olabisi Patrick Olaniyi
Published: February 2022

Psychoacoustic parameter of sound known as loudness is a major quality factor for assessing the perceptual quality of service of speech signals transmitted through telecommunication networks. The Zwicker and Fastl loudness model is a preferred loudness model and in this work has been programmed to obtain both loudness and loudness level of speeches transmitted over wireless. Here,the best maximum instantaneous loudness of the transmitted speeches is 42.55% of that of the original speech. While the best maximum instantaneous loudness level of the transmitted speeches is 87.06% of that of the original speech. These showed an intuitive and innovative representation of the degradation suffered by the transmitted speeches with respect to the original speech.
Analysis of Halogenated Compounds in Fish Samples
Authors: Ninga Ederina , Beli Elvira , Shahu Elona , Boci Ilirjana
Published: February 2022

The paper reports investigation on the presence of 13 halogenated compounds (six chlorinated compounds, nd-like PCBs and seven brominated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)), in five marine species which are part on Albanian consumer diet. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and treated with sulfuric acid. Extract was analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Presence of PCBs was confirmed at1.4 percent of the samples. The most dominated congener found to be present were PCB 153 and PCB 138. Form the brominated compounds 2,2?,4,4?-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether was the only detected compound in 3 samples.
Development of a Genetic Algorithm Optimization Model for Biogas Power Electrical Generation
Authors: Araoye Timothy Oluwaseun , Mgbachi C. A. , Omosebi Olushola Adebiyi , Ajayi Oluwaseun Damilola , Olaniyan Adeleye Qasim
Published: February 2022

Biogas power generation is renewable energy made from biological materials. Biogas power production is technology which helps in development of sustainable energy supply systems. This paper develops Genetic Algorithm optimization model for Biogas electrical power generation of Ilora in Oyo, Oyo state. The production is done using co-digestion system of pig dung and Poultry dung under the process of anaerobic digestion. The pig dung and poultry dung were mixed 50:50%. MATLAB and VISUAL BASIC Software was used to carry out simulations to develop optimized Genetic Algorithm model for Biogas power production with aims to improving electricity accessibility and durability of the community. The results of the research reveal the Empirical Biogas power production without and with Genetic Algorithm optimization. The Result showed that biogas electrical power generated without and with Genetic Algorithm Optimization were 5KW and 11.18KW respectively. The biogas power generation was increased by 6.18KW, which is 38.2% increase after Genetic Algorithm optimization. The results show the application of the Genetic Algorithm optimization model which can be used to improving Biogas power generation when amount of methane gas produced from the animal dung varies with speed of thermal rotating shaft.
DFT Study of Molecular Stability and Reactivity on Some Hydroxamic Acids: An Approach by Hirshfeld Population Analysis
Authors: Soro Doh , Ekou Lynda , Koné Mamadou Guy-Richard , Ekou Tchirioua , Ziao Nahossé
Published: February 2022

Several studies have been carried out on the structure of hydroxamic acids as histone deacetylase inhibitors. Scientists discovered that the (-CONHOH) moiety of hydroxamic acids was responsible for the chelation of the zinc ion into the active site of histone deacetylases thereby inhibiting the activity of these. In this work, we conducted a study using the new dual descriptor from the conceptual DFT to determine the atoms responsible for zinc chelation in order to propose new, more active molecules. The calculations were performed to determine the local reactivity of the hydroxamic acids studied using Fukui functions by the Hirshfeld method. Global parameters were also determined to predict the relative stability and reactivity of hydroxamic acids. The work was conducted at computational level B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p). The most polarizable compound has an energy gap of 3.933 eV. The analysis of the local indices of reactivity as well as the dual descriptors revealed that an oxygen of these compound is the most favorable site vis-à-vis electrophilic attack.
Design, Analysis and Development of Solar-Powered Electric Bi-Cycle for domestic use
Authors: Saleh Karam Abou , Murali R. V.
Published: February 2022

Nowadays a greater number of people use cars or other automobiles as a means of transportation between places and the number of such vehicles is increasing day by day on the roads. Moreover, people are driving their cars for every need even if the location he/she is heading to is really near and can be taken by a walk. On the other hand, with respect to different researches that driving cars is having an impact on the environment and it is affecting the ozone layer due to the emission of greenhouse gases from the vehicles so providing a transport that supports the environment such as solar-powered e-bike is an affordable solution for our society particularly for the near distances. This paper presents the design and development aspects of solar powered bi-cycle. The key phases of this work include designing a solar energy cell converting solar energy into useable electric energy and designing a power transmission system suitable for driving a conventional bi-cycle. These phases involve calculation of power requirements to drive the bi-cycle and redesign of transmission elements of bi-cycles suitable to the solar energy power source and suitably select PV cell components to meet these requirements. The electrical motor type and capacity are decided on the basis of the above calculations and the motor is connected to the bi-cycle through suitable chain drive system. Solar PV cell capacity of 40 W with area dimensions of 54 x 51 cm is used to generate electrical energy and the same is used to charge the batteries as well. The maximum voltage recorded is 24 volts and the maximum current generated is 12 Amperes. Various parts of the assembly are integrated into the bi-cycle and the working model was completed. Finally, the testing of the bi-cycle was performed to obtain the results based on which an engineering analysis and cost details were carried out. The fabricated model and the results obtained thus prove that there is a potential scope to introduce the solar-integrated electric bikes into the market for domestic use.
Study on Capabilities of Different Segmentation Algorithms in Detecting and Reducing Brain Tumor Size in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Effective Telemedicine Services
Authors: Popoola Jide Julius , Godson Thompson Emeka , Olasoji Yekeen Olajide , Adu Michael Rotimi
Published: February 2022

Over the past decade, different image segmentation algorithms have been developed and employed in segmenting or analyzing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in the clinical applications for the detection of brain tumor. However, accurate detection, compression and transmission of brain tumor data remain parts of the challenging tasks militating against brain tumor telemedicine services due to the complex nature of brain tumor MRI scans. In overcoming this challenge, five different brain tumor segmentation algorithms were developed for this study. The algorithms were developed using MATLAB scripts. The developed algorithms were evaluated using patients’ data retrieved from Mayfield website. The result of the comparative performance compression rate efficiency evaluation test carried out shows that the developed hybrid threshold-watershed segmentation algorithm outperforms others in terms of compression efficiency. The result implies that the usage of the developed hybrid threshold-watershed segmentation algorithm in transmitting brain tumor patients’ data transmission over wireless communication system will require limited bandwidth resource.
A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Using Horasan Mortar as a Pure Friction Sliding Interface Material
Authors: Kasimzade A. A. , Dushimimana A. , Tuhta S. , Atmaca G. , Günday F. , Abrar O.
Published: February 2022

In this study, the possibility to use Horasan mortar as a sliding interface material for pure friction aseismic isolation system is investigated. Both experimental and numerical studies are conducted to examine the effectiveness of using this material in structural isolation systems of buildings with no overturning moment, as it has shown some attractive experiences in time based on the existing related literature. Responses of four storey lightweight building are numerically investigated by finite element modelling in MATLAB; whereas the University Consortium on Instructional Shake Table (UCIST) is used to study the responses of the same building during experimental works. Comparison of both studies is shown to be in a good agreement in terms of resulting structural response accelerations, velocity and displacements. Approximately 28 - 31 % reduction of base floor acceleration is achieved; and the maximum sliding velocity and displacement are found to lie between 0.33-0.45 m/sec and 0.0353-0.0559 m respectively; which fall within the recommended standards’ limits. As a result, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of using Horasan mortar as friction interface material which has additionally gained experience in more than ten centuries.
Using Dry Olive Leaves for Oil Pipes Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Hani Ghada mazin , Mahdi Sahib M. , Majeed Amer H.
Published: February 2022

At the present time the use of corrosion inhibitors is a good solution to maintain or reduce the corrosion problems in the equipment, so nowadays the production of inhibitors all non-toxic, natural and cheap is the most important demand. In this study dry olive leaves extraction used as inhibitor in a temperatures similar to the average temperature in Iraq, so as to bring the picture of reality as much as possible, at (25 °C and 45 °C) and solution was prepared in the following concentration to stimulate the field environment for oil extracting 19.2 % of sodium chloride (NaCl), 8% of calcium chloride (CaCl), 1.08 % of magnesium chloride (MgCl) and saturated with Co2 gas, the corrosion rate of steel sample was measured be using a potentiostat device with reference of calomel electrode. The result was, the dry olive leaves extract is an effective inhibitor material. Dry olive leaves extraction inhibitor has a low corrosion rate at 25OC and 45OC and the Corrosion rate decrease with increasing temperature for oil extraction solution, From the EDS test found that high percentage of carbon and oxygen caused to produce many compounds like the phenolic compound of the olive leaves is the responsible of inhabitation effect of the olive leaves.
Reflections on Pottery Art in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Study of Pottery Art in Akwa Ibom and Rivers States
Authors: Peters Edem Etim
Published: February 2022

Niger Delta region is very rich in oil and gas deposits, clay, agricultural land, fisheries, extensive forest and other resources. They are nine states which make the region namely, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers. The most oil producing communities among them are Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Edo, Delta and Rivers State. Clay is equally found in abundance in all the states like crude oil is found in Niger Delta communities. The available clay mineral in the region has the capacity to transform the nation’s economy if properly utilized. Clay is the basic material for pottery or ceramics production. It is also used to ease the penetration of pipes in drilling of crude oil. This paper looks at the practice of pottery in Niger Delta Area with a focus on pottery practice in both Akwa Ibom and Rivers States. Indigenous and contemporary pottery or ceramics practices in these communities indeed have played vital role in the economic, social religious and cultural ways of life of the people. Clay products such as dinnerware and sanitary wares and others are highly sought for and they have the capacity to boast the national economy as experienced in other nations such as Japan, Italy, Britain, United States of America, India and China among others. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources and were subsequently assessed. The result shows that proper utilization of clay found in Niger Delta has the potential to create numerous job opportunities for the teaming population of youths in the region. The availability of abundant clay in the region, if well harnessed could adequately compete with crude oil exploitation for economic purposes in the region.
Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria
Authors: Obriki Mudiaga , Anthony Kpegele Le-ol , Barinyima Nkoi
Published: February 2022

This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.
Using Diagnosis and Life Cycle Cost to Improve Reliability of an Excavator
Authors: Enyindah Ndamzia Clement , Amadi Rex Kemkom
Published: February 2022

Diagnosing of equipment before actual failure and reduced total ownership cost of excavator (TOC) is a significant issue for the mining and civil construction industries to unavoidably consider. Consequences of prolonged project execution time and extra cost due to sudden breakdowns are better minimized by studying the reliability of the equipment and having knowledge of life cycle cost model which was used in this research to ascertain the economic replacement time and cost of an excavator. Results from life cycle cost analysis carried out on an excavator show that the replacement time and total ownership cost of excavator 320C from 2010 to 2017 is 8 years and N10, 214 respectively.
Formulation of White Board Marker Ink Using Locally Sourced Raw Materials
Authors: Dagde Kenneth K , Nwosa Godbless , Ukpaka Chukwuemeka
Published: February 2022

This research work was conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of white board marker ink production using locally sourced raw materials such as charcoal and used lube oil. In the production of the ink, the charcoal served as a pigment, used lube oil served as the primary binder or resin, ethanol served as solvent and gum Arabic served as an additive. The charcoal was obtained from processing of Mango, Oil bean (Ugba) and rubber trees, which were further crushed to their finest particles respectively and the used lube oil was obtained from mechanical engineering servicing unit of automobile engines. The crushed charcoal samples were characterized to determine the physio-chemical properties of some mineral elements such as Ca, Cu, P, K, C, S, N. however the mineral component that controlled the production of this ink was the Carbon content. The different ink samples were formulated in terms of odour, colour, hazardous reaction, pH, density and viscosity and compared with that of international standards. Results obtained showed a good match, indicating the reliability and the quality of the produced white board marker ink. The pH results for Ugba ink = 5.43, Rubber ink = 6.79, and Mango = 7.41. Empirical models were used to predict concentration with that of experimental values, a plot of concentration against time in terms of production yield revealed that the order of magnitude was rubber>Ugba>Mango whereas in terms of penetration and writing ability Ugba>rubber>mango. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the significance of the characteristics of the charcoal and the used lube oil in the quality of the end product. Finally, the research revealed that ink produced from the oil bean (ugba) charcoal and lube oil was best in terms of write-ability and quality in the production of white board marker ink.
Project Evaluation Review Technique Model to Dredging Operations in Niger Delta
Authors: Nkoi Barinyima , Wordu Animia Ajor , Worgu Fortune
Published: February 2022

This research applies Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) model to estimate acceptable duration for execution of each activity having random variable of time and some probability distribution for sand dredging operation in Niger Delta. The study takes into account proper planning, scheduling, controlling and allotment of dredging activities time using a project network model PERT. The model evaluated how acceptable time and saving cost could be achieved in a scenario of activities having random time variables. Readily available data of activities time from 2014 – 2017 were used to analyze the time estimate for various activities at a selected dredge site Aleto-Eleme in Port Harcourt metropolis Rivers State-Nigeria. The PERT was applied for the data analysis, to construct the PERT scheme for the dredging operations. Finally, parametric control for project evaluation and review techniques of acceptable time for the dredging activities were determined.
Application of a Particle Swarm Optimization for Improving Voltage Profile with Distributed Generation: A Case Study of 33/0.415KV Abuja Airport Injection Substation
Authors: Oodo Stephen , Owolabi Felix Sanjo
Published: February 2022

The important of electric power distribution is to have centralized plants distributing electricity through Distributed generation (DG) which reduces the cost of maintenance on transmission and distribution station and also improve voltage profile. This research paper present the application of generation based on Biogas power renewable energy source to the Distribution network and how it stabilizes the network by normalizing the fluctuating voltage profile at the distribution end of power system. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model was performed and evaluation of the impact of the DG by stimulating the developed model in the system. A mathematical formulation and optimization algorithm was performed using the MATLAB/Simulink program. The results obtained were correction of the faulty buses voltages and stable power supply which is 29.4% better than the conventional one. The result shows the implementation of the optimisation technique has improved the energy efficiency of the distribution network.
Experimental Characterization of Geometric Aspects of the Behavior of Magnetic Shape Memory Materials and Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Hernandez Juan Manuel , Mullner P. , Linquist P. , Carreraa J.
Published: February 2022

Small samples of a Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal of three different geometries were subjected to bending by applying a rotating magnetic field. The magneto-mechanical behavior of the sample in cantilever was analyzed and special attention was given to elongations and curvature along the deformation process. A sequence of 3000 images was made using a high-resolution camera and the data was analyzed using a code in Matlab. Furthermore, the geometric analysis showed that, when the magnetic field is equal to cero, the sample do not recover its original shape totally and the presence of a pseudo-elastic behavior was observed. Analysis and interpretation of the data allows the presentation of some hypotheses concerning to the crystalline structure and the role of dislocations, represented by a dislocation density, in the martensite phase of these materials. These hypotheses are discussed more formally in the second part of this paper. Some experiments are proposed that would give the opportunity to a wider theoretical knowledge of MSMM.
Model of Dynamic Insulin-Glucose in Diabetic
Authors: Rodriguez D. , Lacort M. , Ferreira R. , Sanchez S. , Chagas F. , Ribeiro Z. , Ruiz Ivan
Published: February 2022

In the present work a study of the dynamic insulin-glucose in a healthy person is made; the different types of diabetes are indicated as well as the symptoms that characterize each one of them. The model that simulates the insulin-glucose dynamics for a person with diabetes is presented, and for the critical case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues of the matrix of the linear part of the system, the system is simplified, a qualitative study is done of the system of equations and conclusions are given on the future behavior of the disease.
Modeling Soil Organic Carbon in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in the Niger Delta
Authors: NWAKWASI LEVI NGOZI , Okoro B. C. , Osuagwu J. C. , Nwachukwu A. N. , Agunwamba J. C.
Published: February 2022

Oil spillage is a major environmental threat in south south of Nigeria where most of oil exploration and exploitation activities takes place. If this goes on unchecked or poorly managed, it would lead to total annihilation of the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a model for the prediction of potassium depletion in the crude oil contaminated soil with time using regression analysis. Each sample containing 10kg of soil was artificially polluted with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 liters of crude oil (Bonny Light).  The potassium concentrations were determined using standard methods. Results shows that the concentration of residual potassium in the soil for all the volumes of crude oil introduced into the soil decrees significantly with time when compared to values obtained for the control samples. The concentration of residual concentration in the control soil sample was about three times higher than the concentration obtained for other samples. The results obtained from the derived model were very close to the experimental value. The model is suitable for determining potassium content in crude oil polluted site.
Source Area Weathering, Paleo-Environment and Paleo-Climatic Conditions of Soils from Bitumen Rich Ode Irele Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obasi Romanus Ayoola , Madukwe Henry Y. , Olaosun Temitope
Published: February 2022

The study is aimed at determining the source-weathering, paleo-redox and paleoclimatic conditions of soil from Ode Irele area of Ondo State, Nigeria. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS) analyses wereusd to determine the major, trace and rare earth element compositios used for the study. The Chemical index of alteration (CIA), Chemical index of weathering (CIW), Plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), Mineralogical index of alteration (MIA), Th/U nd a plot of CIA against Al2O3 as well as the A-CN-K Ternary diagram suggest a high degree of weathering of the source rocks. The positive correlation between Al2O3 with TiO2, K2O, Fe2O3 and MgO implies that they occur in clay minerals formed from weathering. The average K2O/Al2O3 ratios of the investigated samples is ?0.006, which suggests prevalence of clay minerals relative to other minerals. Low U/Th ratio ranging between 0.14 and 0.50 (average 0.18) relative to PAAS (0.21) and UCC (0.26) suggests deposition under oxic conditions. V/Vi + Ni ratios indicate suboxic to anoxic environment of deposition. However, plots of V/V+ Ni vs Ni/Co and V/Cr vs Ni/Co indicate oxic, dysoxic and suboxic to anoxic environments all suggesting deposition under oxic and suboxic conditions. The Ode Irele sediments was deposited in low saline water with a strong continental rather than marine influence in an arid and semi-arid climatic condition; the low average ratio of P2O5/Al2O3 (0.014) is in unison with freshwater environments.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network Evaluation in the South-West Region of Nigeria
Authors: Kuboye Bamidele Moses
Published: February 2022

The LTE broadband evolved from an earlier Third Generation Partnership Project system which is known as the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), which evolved from the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The network architecture of this system has been designed with the aim to support a packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service. The main goal of the LTE is to provide a high data rate with low latency and a packet optimized radio access technology that supports deployment of bandwidth. Hence, this study is based on the evaluation of the LTE network in the south-west region of Nigeria. This study evaluates the LTE network strength in the South-West region of Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered among users in these areas randomly. Thereafter, data were analyzed and research questions were answered from the analyzed results. The results showed that 9Mobile and MTN has the best quality of service of LTE network in South-West, Nigeria, also that the LTE network has not really been active in Osun and Ekiti states.
EDCH: A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pyage Raj Kumar , Chandrakanth H. G.
Published: February 2022

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes play the most important role. These sensor nodes are mainly un-chargeable, so it an issue regarding lifetime of the network.  The main objective of this research is concerning clustering algorithms to minimize the energy utilization of each sensor node, and maximize the sensor network lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that decrease the networks energy consumption and significantly prolongs its lifetime. Here main role play distribution of CHs ( Cluster Heads) across the network. Our simulation result shows considerable decrease in network energy utilization and therefore increase the network lifetime.
M-theta Method on Mode I and II Failure of Two Cameroonian Hardwoods in Bending
Authors: Kouefouet Hervice , Mabekou Jeanne Sandrine Takam , Mukam Joseph Albert Fosting , Talla Pierre Kisito , Moutou Rostand Pitti
Published: February 2022

This work deals with the numerical simulation on bending test to characterize two Cameroonian hardwoods under mode I and II loading for different crack lengths. The finite element analysis for fracture in orthotropic medium is developed. The algorithm of fracture is introduced in a finite element software Cast3M. According to the Mtheta method, the calculation of the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate for pure mode I and II fracture are deduced using a SENB (Single Edge Notch Bending) specimen. The path independence of M?-method on the specimen is confirmed.
Hexagonal Nanocrystals into AlGaN Powders Obtained via Pyrolysis from an Organometallic Compound
Authors: Herrera Ana Maria , García Godofredo , Gastellóu Erick , Nieto Fabiola , García Rafael , Hirata Gustavo Alonso , Contreras Oscar Edel , Morales Crisoforo , Rosendo Enrique , Díaz Tomas
Published: February 2022

Hexagonal nanocrystals into Al0.2Ga0.8N and Al0.6Ga0.4N powders via pyrolysis from an organometallic compound, followed by a nitridation process in ammonia flow at 1000 °C for two hours were obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated a shift towards greater angles to the right for the AlGaN powders with respect to GaN powders, this shift could indicate the formation of the AlGaN powders. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the obtaining from semi-plates of porous appearance for the Al0.2Ga0.8N powders until well-defined plates for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders. High resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated the presence of hexagonal nanocrystals into Al0.2Ga0.8N powders with an average crystal size of 10.3 nm, while that for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders an average crystal size of 9.7 nm was observed. UV-visible spectra showed a transmittance cut-off for the Al0.2Ga0.8N powders of 3.71 eV (334.2 nm) and a transmittance cut-off of 4.53 eV (273.7 nm) for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders.
The Effects of Cell Phone Radiation on the Human Body: An Overview
Authors: Om Jai
Published: February 2022

In this research article, an overview is provided of all the plausible effects that cell phone radiation might have on a human body. The number of cell of regular cell phone users has exploded around the world, and cell phones have become an integral part of our lives in the recent past. Therefore, this paper strives to answers public questions regarding the safety of using cell phones. It analyses previous research that has been done in the field to provide concise answers. The article also supports the motion that cell phones can be harmful in the long run; however, there is no conclusive evidence. The future research should be made more streamlined, and focus on human body systems.
Bradycardia Detection using ECG Signal Processing and MATLAB
Authors: Kabari Ledisi Giok , Onwuka Ugochukwu C.
Published: February 2022

Electrocardiogram is the record of electrical activity of heart. ECG is a test to detect and study normal rhythmic activity of the heart. Signal processing are very often used methods in a biomedical engineering research. This paper presents Bradycardia detection by utilization of digital signal filtering on electrocardiogram (ECG) using MATLAB. MATLAB was used to analyze and process ECG dataset gotten from Physionet online database with focus on R-R peaks to calculate the heartbeat, by applying high pass filtering and squaring the signal. The results obtained using MATLAB for ECG analysis and detection of arrhythmia is very fast and useful.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4
Authors: Olaseinde Oluwatoyin Adenike , Olarenwaju Olajesu F. , Mohammed Silifa T.
Published: February 2022

The research investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles on the corrosion behaviour of Mild steel and 316 Austenitic stainless steel in 0.5M H2SO4 using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The nanoparticles were synthesized from the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) plant extracts using Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and were characterized using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy Technique. The AAS results showed that the plant extract is eco-friendly as it does not contain heavy metals. The FTIR results showed the different functional groups present in the extracts obtained from the different parts of the plant to be Alcohol O-H, Nitrile C?N, Alkyne C?C, Alkene C=C and Benzene Ring C=C. The UV-Vis results showed the presence of phenolic compound which aided inhibition. The results from the potentiodynamic polarization showed that the nanoparticle obtained from the leaf has the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency and the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases as the concentration of inhibitors increases.
Performance Evaluation of a Combined Heat and Power Plant in the Niger Delta of Nigeria
Authors: Gbonee Barikuura , Nkoi Barinyima , Sodiki John
Published: February 2022

This research presents the performance assessment of a combined heat and power plant operating in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The main focus is to evaluate the performance parameters of the gas turbine unit and the waste heat recovery generator section of the combined-heat-and-power plant. Data were gathered from the manufacturer’s manual, field and panel operator’s log sheets and the human machine interface (HMI) monitoring screen. The standard thermodynamic equations were used to determine the appropriate parameters of the various components of the gas turbine power plant as well as that of the heat exchangers of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The outcome of all analysis indicated that for every 10C rise in ambient temperature of the compressor air intake there is an average of 0.146MW drop in the gas turbine power output, a fall of about 0.176% in the thermal efficiency of the plant, a decrease of about 2.46% in the combined-cycle thermal efficiency and an increase of about 0.0323 Kg/Kwh in specific fuel consumption of the plant. In evaluating the performance of the Waste Heat Boiler (WHB), the principle of heat balance above pinch was applied to a single steam pressure HRSG exhaust gas/steam temperature profile versus exhaust heat flow. Hence, the evaporative capacity (steam flow) of the HRSG was computed from the total heat transfer in the super-heaters and evaporator tubes using heat balance above pinch. The analysis revealed that the equivalent evaporation, evaporative capacity (steam flow) and the HRSG thermal efficiency depends on the heat exchanger’s heat load and its effective maintenance.
Economic Analysis of Natural Gas Reserves Addition from Coal Bed Methane in Nigeria
Authors: Green Ibim Abba , Ugoji Kelechi Uchenna , Igbere B. Ndukam
Published: February 2022

The aim of this project is to economically analyze Coal Bed Methane (CBM) development in Nigeria. This will offer an opportunity to use gas from the Nation huge coal reserves for domestic and exportation purposes to boost the economy of Nigeria. CBM can be used to generate power as well as manufacture alternative products. The profitability of coal bed methane (CBM) project depends on factors such as seam thickness, gas content, methane content, coal rank and permeability. Its economics are influenced by other variables, such as fiscal policy, depth of coal seam, volume of water disposal, access to market and price of gas. Potential and existing sites for coal bed methane extraction in Nigeria were identified. Kim’s equation was used to estimate the gas content. The gas-in-place was derived with Volumetric method. Methane quantification was estimated using Eddy curve. It is observed that the ultimate reserves, the capital costs, and the gas price have significant effect on the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of returns (IRR) and thus the economic viability of the project.  Economic analysis of LNG and Pipeline projects for gas transmission were comparatively examined. It is observed that the gas price and demand at the market hub depend largely on the mode of transmission.
Performance Assessment of A Two-Stage Reciprocating Air Compressor
Authors: Nwakpang Ikpobari Amuele , Lebele-Alawa Barinaadaa Thaddeus , Nkoi Barinyima
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the performance assessment of a two-stage reciprocating air compressor operating at an Oil and Gas Terminal in Rivers State, Nigeria. The main focus was to investigate the effects of control parameters and clogging on the performance of the compressor. Data were obtained from the manufacturer’s manual, field reports and the field operator’s log sheets. Relevant thermodynamic equations were used to determine and analyse appropriate control parameters of the compressor. Data were also analysed using various appropriate compressor equations and a thermodynamic analysis of the compressor was done to evaluate its performance. The outcome of all the analyses showed that the compressor experienced 26% loss or reduction in the volumetric efficiency, 8% loss in the isothermal efficiency, 11.1% loss in volume flow rate and 21% decrease or reduction in the mass flow rate due to clogging when compared with the design specifications. The analysis also showed that the performance of the compressor was affected by several other factors including the climatic and environmental conditions such as the high operating ambient temperature of the inlet air to the compressor. It revealed that the effects of clogging caused a continuous rise in temperature which reduced the discharge pressure, mass and volume flow rates, isothermal and volumetric efficiencies; thereby reducing its performance in comparison with the design specifications. The results further revealed that clogging was a major factor that affected the performance effectiveness of the reciprocating compressor.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions
Authors: Majeed Jafar Ghani , Ibrahim Yasir K. , Abd Al-Aziz Ghada A.
Published: February 2022

Different heat treatments such as (Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening in oil, and Hardening in water) of low carbon steel (LCS) specimens were performed in electrical furnace at constant temperature of (850ºC). The aim of this work was to estimate the effect of each heat treatment of LCS specimens on their corrosion rate (CR) in sulfuric acid solutions at constant room temperature of (25±5ºC). The CR was measured, while the acid concentration (Cacid) and immersion time (T) were changed according to experimental plan. Computer program (Statgraphics/Experimental Design) was used to calculate the fitted linear model of corrosion rate of low carbon steel in terms of (Cacid, and T) for each heat treatment separately. The fitted linear models of CR were adequate, while the interactions of the operating parameters were negligible. The R- square statistic indicates that the models as fitted explain 81-93% of the variability in corrosion rate.
Production of Biogas from Cattle Paunch Manure
Authors: Mohammed Mona Khidir , Gasmelseed G. A. , Abuuznien Mohammed H.
Published: February 2022

Slaughter house waste contains high levels of organic matter and pollutants. These pollutants can affect the ecosystem and public health negatively, to minimize the effects of these pollutants many treatments are used, one of these is biological treatment methods.  In this study potential of biogas production from cattle paunch manure (stomach digestion content) was investigated using a batch process laboratory scale of liters digester size. Three replicate of total solid concentration of (5%, 7%) of cattle paunch manure were mixed with (10%v/v) inoculums with control units for each concentrations at room temperature. The total amount of biogas produced   after 49 days of experiments were, 12.678 L, 11.544 L, 8.154 and 5.724 L for,  7% ,5% TS seeded sample, 7%  and 5% total solid control  respectively.
Thermal Recovery of Niger Delta Heavy Crude
Authors: J. Nmegbu C. G. , Braye Oritom Hezekiah , N. Wami E.
Published: February 2022

Unconventional oil reserve estimate in Nigeria which is at an average of 42 billion barrels of hydrocarbon deposits, surpasses the proven reserve of 37.2 billion barrels of conventional oil reservoirs. With these statistics, the need to evaluate the prospects of production from these unconventional reservoir systems becomes a subject of interest. In this study, a thermal approach towards the recovery of a Niger Delta heavy crude oil was conducted by the viscosity reduction mechanism via hot water injection. Fluid characterization via laboratory tests revealed that the Niger Delta retrieved heavy crude sample had a viscosity 17.80 cp,13.24oAPI and a density of 0.997.6 g/cc. This sample was subjected to a series of recovery processes with hot water temperature ranging from 75 OC to 100 OC at an interval of 5oC, using a locally constructed apparatus. It was used to simulate a reservoir bulk volume of 30 litres and 8.871 liters pore volume having fluid saturations of 20% formation brine. The heavy crude viscosities were found to be in the magnitude of 1.95cp to 0.87 cp for injected hot water of 75 OC to 100 OC after post recovery tests. Temperature losses to the rock matrix of a heavy crude reservoirs and optimum injection temperatures for a known reservoir bulk volume were also established via experimental processes. The validity of assertion that hot water injection can considerably alter flow properties of heavy oils was experimentally confirmed upon comparing with a convention al water injection process.
Industrial Waste Management by Sustainable Way
Authors: Rasel Md. , Zerin Israt , Bhuiyan Sakib Hossain , Hoque Kazi Md Hasanul , Hasan Mazadul , Alam Md. Mahabub
Published: February 2022

Nowadays Industrial waste management is the key concern over the world. Biogas generation and bio-compost from knitting, cutting, spinning waste is one of the right and sustainable way of waste management. Wastage is generated almost all process in spinning, knitting and cutting in the industry. Cotton contains huge amount of dust, foreign-matters, seed and other particles. Micro dust of cotton waste has no salability and pollutes the atmosphere. Mostly, it is disposed of by burning as a result increase the CO2 level in the atmosphere which is the threat for environment as pollutes the surrounding areas. The main objective of this project is sustainable use of cotton waste by producing biogas and utilization of Slurry after Biogas Generation. Biogas generation by anaerobic digestion is sustainable, cost effective and eco-friendly method in Bangladesh. Finally, our concern is to maximum utilization all collected cotton wastes in a sustainable way i.e. anaerobic digestion way. Our experiments on wastes where those wastes produced bio-gas such as spinning cotton micro dust: 1st of all for production of gas to observe; after 30-40 days of feeding 180cc biogas was generated from 100g cotton spinning dust via lab scale biogas plant & gas also confirmed via flammability test. On the other hand smaller size of cotton cutting jhut fabric show comparatively low gas production and found that gas production depend on decomposition rate of cotton waste. Slurry treatment applied in a plant after generation of biogas and output of this application showing that  many new leafs were grown and looking more refresh within 12-14 days. So, unusable spinning cotton waste can be resources for our economy and environment instead of hazards or waste. We have recommended that yarn singeing machine can be run by produced biogas.
Characteristic of Control Algorithms for an Induction Electromotor by the Parameters Change in Stator Winding Voltage
Authors: Motto Frederic Biya , Tchuidjan Roger , Ndzana Benoît , Tchinda Colince Tatsa
Published: February 2022

In this paper we study various control algorithms of electromagnetic torque and rotor rotation speed by parameters change in stator voltage for an induction electromotor.
Kalman Algorithm Based Electrical Impedance Tomography Imaging
Authors: Islam Md Rabiul
Published: February 2022

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that displays changes in conductivity within a body. This method finds application in biomedical and geology. EIT finds use in medical applications, as the different tissues of the body have different conductivity and dielectric constants. In this paper a phantom model is designed considering Finite Element Model (FEM). AC current of amplitude 1 mA and frequency 1 KHz is applied considering adjacent protocol with noise less and noisy cases. From the computed voltage data image is reconstructed using Kalman algorithm. For noisy case noise levels equal to Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 30 dB, 15 dB and 7 dB were considered. Kalman algorithm is studied for EIT image reconstruction in noise free and noisy case, in terms of shape, size, spatial location of the target object.
Study of the Thermal Comfort of a Building that does not Comply with Construction Standards in Madagascar: Experimentation and Simulation with OMEdit
Authors: Ratsimbazafiharivola Jaurès , Rakotondramiarana H. T.
Published: February 2022

A very large number of buildings in developing countries are far from complying with the standards of housing. This paper presents the subjective study of the thermal comfort of a building that does not comply with construction standards or thermal regulations, located in Madagascar. Modeling was done using the Modelica tool, especially its BuildSysPro library. In order to minimize the inaccuracies, a step of an experimental adjustment of the developed numerical model was also carried out usingexperimental reference data that were obtained from the temperaturemeasurementsof the studied building elements as well as the wind speed and the received solar radiation flux. It was found that despite the obvious non-compliance with building standards and thermal regulations, the building has an acceptable thermal environment vis-à-vis its occupant.
Performance of 20 Watts Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module under Yola Climate, North-East Nigeria
Authors: Linah Ndenah Markus , Meludu Osita C. , Aidan Joseph , Kundwal Moses Elisha
Published: February 2022

The performance of a 20 Watts polycrystalline silicon solar module was evaluated under Yola climatic condition. It was found that the values of short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), maximum current (Imax) and maximum voltage (Vmax) of the solar module were slightly different from those labeled under Standard Test Condition (STC).This was due to lower solar irradiance under Yola climate compared to that at STC, which resulted to changes in power and efficiency of the module. The power rating of the module at STC was 20 Watts but it was found to be 12.49 Watts between 12:00 noon and 12.15 pm when the solar irradiance was 780 Wm-2. In addition, the efficiency of the module, which was 15 % at STC, was found to be 12 % at maximum irradiance of 780 Wm-2. The Fill-factor (FF) of the solar module on the other hand was 0.71 at STC but it was found to be 0.77 at solar irradiance of 780 Wm-2.