bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Ionic Bombardment in a Glow Discharge Lamp
Authors: Blum F. , Büger P. A. , Murphy R. J.
Published: February 2015

The surface of copper alloys was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope after having been sputtered by a glow discharge source under typical conditions for spectrochemical analysis. The surface topography developed during the process of sputtering gave the following two results: It would appear that the energy spread of the bombarding ions is small and the variation in the angles of incidence of these ions is less than usually accepted.
Vibration-Rotation Interaction in the Microwave Spectrum of KOH
Authors: Kuijpers P. , Törring T. , Dymanus A.
Published: February 2015

The fine structure of the microwave transition J=6←5 of 39KOH and 41KOH has been studied. The analysis results in improved vibration-rotation interaction constants, a1 , a2, y22, yll and ql. It is shown that coupling between the bending and stretching vibrational modes contributes to the observed frequencies.
Protonenspin-Relaxation durch Spinrotationswechselwirkung in kristallinen Methylnaphthalinen/Proton Spin-Lattice Relaxation on Crystalline Methylnaphthalenes by Spin-Rotational Interaction
Authors: Schütz J. U. von
Published: February 2015

The high temperature behavior of the longitudinal proton spin relaxation time T1 of several methyl naphthalene crystals, differing in the arrangement and number of the substituted CH3-groups, was investigated in a large magnetic field range. It could be prooved - for the first time via proton spin relaxation - that in solids the fast reorientation of CH3-groups with low hindering barriers can lead to remarkable contributions to the total relaxation rate by spin-rotational interaction, in addition to the well known dipolar interaction discussed in preceeding works.
Bandstruktur der linearen Polyacene
Authors: Tyutyulkov N. N. , Polansky O. E. , Fabian J.
Published: February 2015

For infinite polyacenes the energy gap (ΔE∞) is given by ΔE =

, where Δcorr is a factor determined by the electronic correlation and Δgeom is a molecular geometry dependent factor. We find in the selected case Δcorr>Δgeom .The energy gap values calculated with this formula are in good agreement with the values calculated from the spectroscopic data of polyacenes (0.8-0.9 eV).
Many-Body-Systems and Exciton Model in New-Tamm-Dancoff- Formulation
Authors: Wahl F.
Published: February 2015

The NTD-method is a procedure to compute differences of eigenvalues in quantum mechanical problems: ωαβ=λα-λβ.

It is an instruction to transform and truncate an infinite linear system of eigenvalue equations ω τk=

Ak
m τm which is derived with the aid of fundamental field equations or corresponding

Hamilton-operators, as e.g. with Heisenberg's nonlinear spinor equation. In this paper we want to test the NTD-method for a many-body-model in solid state physics. We elaborate on the physical and mathematical aspects by choosing a suitable transformation τ → φ = C τ to get a new linear 1 system ω φk=

Bkk+2iφk+2i which permits a truncation to evaluate approximation of states. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated by treating a two-body-system in presence of polarisation quanta, known as exciton model
On the Construction of Relativistic Representation Spaces in Functional Quantum Theory of the Nonlinear Spinor Field
Authors: Stumpf H. , Scheerer K.
Published: February 2015

Functional quantum theory is defined by an isomorphism of the state space H of a conventional quantum theory into an appropriate functional state space D It is a constructive approach to quantum theory in those cases where the state spaces H of physical eigenstates cannot be calculated explicitly like in nonlinear spinor field quantum theory. For the foundation of functional quantum theory appropriate functional state spaces have to be constructed which have to be representation spaces of the corresponding invariance groups. In this paper, this problem is treated for the spinor field. Using anticommuting source operator, it is shown that the construction problem of these spaces is tightly connected with the construction of appropriate relativistic function spaces. This is discussed in detail and explicit representations of the function spaces are given. Imposing no artificial restrictions it follows that the resulting functional spaces are indefinite. Physically the indefiniteness results from the inclusion of tachyon states. It is reasonable to assume a tight connection of these tachyon states with the ghost states introduced by Heisenberg for the regularization of the nonrenormalizable spinor theory
Gitterschwingungsspektren. XV. FIR-Spektren und Schwingungsanalyse von FeS2-Markasit / Lattice Vibration Spectra. XV. FIR-Spectra and Vibration Analysis of FeS2 Marcasite
Authors: Lutz H. D. , Willich P.
Published: February 2015

The infrared-active lattice vibrations of the orthorombic marcasite (FeS2) have been studied by measuring the reflectivity of different crystal faces at near-normal incidence. A group-theoretical analysis predicts seven infrared-active modes (k = 0). Cartesian symmetry coordinates as well as vibrational modes of the lattice vibrations are constructed
Ion Chemistry of Phosphirane and Structure of the Phosphirane Molecular Ion
Authors: Profous Zdenek-Christian , Wanczek Karl-Peter , Hartmann Hermann
Published: February 2015

The mass spectrum and the ion molecule reactions of phosphirane and of mixtures of phosphirane with NH3 , NH2D, NHD2 and ND3 have been studied by ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. Almost all important product ions are formed by PH-group transfer reactions, where ethene is generated as the neutral particle. Only two of the more abundant ions, the protonated molecule, H2P(CH2)2
+ and the ion m/e=63, P2H+, are formed via other reaction pathways. Secondary, tertiary and quarternary product ions with the general formula R(PH)n
+ (R: phosphirane fragment, n-1, 2, 3) have been detected.

The molecular ion is proved to have a cyclic structure. Two possible structures of the product ions with two and three phosphorus atoms are discussed: a structure with an open phosphorus chain, leaving the phosphirane ring intact and a ring extended structure, produced by a ring extension reaction of the PH-group.

Several rate constants of the ion molecule reactions of the phosphirane molecular ion are given
Valence and Core Electron Spectra of Mg in MgO in Evoporated Thin Films
Authors: Haider N. C. , Alonso J. , Swartz W. E.
Published: February 2015

X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) are obtained for Mg in MgO using high quality (purity 99.999%) Mg films prepared and oxidized under pressures of 10-6 ~ 10-8 torr and measured on an ESCA-36 spectrometer at a pressure of 10-8 torr. AlKα line source was used for excitation, and the minimum of Au valence band at 5.0 eV was chosen for calibration.

With increased oxidation the valence band shifts about 1.0 eV towards the Fermi level, but with extreme contamination it disappears completely. Accurate measurements of binding energies have been made of Mg in pure Mg, and Mg in MgO. The average shift resulting from oxidation is 1.1 eV for Mg(2s) and 1.5 eV for Mg(2p) core levels. It is also observed that the contamination effect due to oxygen decreases with increasing film thickness. The present results are compared with the previous results, and a new interpretation is offered by postulating the formation of two kinds of oxides, stoichiometric and chemisorbed layers in Mg on oxidation
Hyperbolic Motion in the Finite-size Model of the Radiating Electron
Authors: Sorg M.
Published: February 2015

Within the framework of the finite-size model of the electron recently dovelopped the case of hyperbolic motion is studied rigorously by means of an exact solution. The energy-momentum balance is discussed as well as the critical phenomena arising if the external field strength comes into the range of order of the maximal self-field strength of the particle. It is found that the commonly accepted Lorentz-Dirac-Rohrlich theory is only a good approximation for small values of the external field strength.
The Behaviour of Populations in a Rapidly Expanding Plasma Flow
Authors: Nishida Michio
Published: February 2015

The distributions of populations of helium atoms in a source flow expansion were calculated for the two different conditions Te = 7500K, Ne = 1014cm-3 and Te = 5000 K, Ne = 1013cm-3. The populations in the levels higher than n = 20 were taken to be in locally thermal equilibrium with the electrons. The steady state consideration was applied to the populations of the levels from n = 7 to n = 19. For the levels lower than n=6 the expansion flow term was included. The results show that the calculated population densities of the lower levels deviate greatly from those estimated from the steady state consideration.
Applicability of the Uniformly Expanding Universe Model to Laser Produced Plasmas
Authors: Lengyel L. , Salvat M.
Published: February 2015

The similarity model commonly used in laser plasma calculations is shown to be identical with the uniformly expanding universe model analysed by Heckmann1. A solution is found to the corresponding gasdynamic equations also for the case of nonvanishing entropy production. The solution is analytic for a class of heat input rates. Heat input is shown to affect the gas motion in an exponential manner. The limitations on the applicability of this model to laser plasma compression and expansion calculations are discussed.
Adiabatische Korrektur der Born-Oppenheimer-Näherung beim PbS/Adiabatic Correction of the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation of PbS
Authors: Tiemann E. , Stieda W. U. , Törring T. , Hoeft J.
Published: February 2015

The rotational microwave spectrum of PbS was measured in a frequency range from 65 to 105 GHz in order to determine the higher order isotopic effect of the rotational constant. From this we deduce (by calculating the nonadiabatic and the Dunham-correction) the adiabatic correction of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, which depends linearly on the reciprocals of the masses of the two atoms in a diatomic molecule. Because of the small mass variation by isotopic substitution for the heavier molecules of the IV/VI-compounds the relative accuracy of the primary measurements must be of the order of 10-6 . The least square fit of 112 rotational transitions yields a relative error of 10-7 for the rotational constant Y01 . The adiabatic corrections from Pb and S differ by a factor of 50, which was unexpected.
Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchung an geschmolzenem Selen und Tellur sowie an Legierungen des Systems Selen—Tellur/ X-ray Diffraction Study of Molten Selenium, and Tellurium and of Molten Selenium — Tellurium-Alloys
Authors: Hoyer W. , Thomas E. , Wobst M.
Published: February 2015

At temperatures just above the melting point molten Selenium seems to be a mixture of long chains and eight-membered rings. With increasing temperature the number of rings and the average chain length decrease. At 460 °C the average chain length lies in the range of 10 atoms.

In a slightly supercooled Tellurium-melt the number of first neighbours is two. The atoms are arranged in chains. Selenium rich Se-Te-alloy-melts are built up of mixed chains. It seems to be possible, that a smaller part of atoms forms Se6Te2 rings. At Tellurium concentrations higher than approximately 50 at.-% the chainlike structure with two next nearest neighbours changes to a disturbed Arsen-like short range order. The number of electrons in the first coordination shell, the short range order parameter introduced by Cowley and the partial coordination numbers show that Se-Te-alloys are of the "solution system" type, but in the whole concentration range for each atom there is a tendency to have "strange coordination".
An X-ray Optical Method for the Determination of Diffusion Properties in Very Thin Bimetallic Films
Authors: Wagendristel A.
Published: February 2015

The change of x-ray optical properties during diffusional alloy formation can be used for the evaluation of diffusion parameters in bimetallic thin film couples. The most pronounced phenomenon governed by these properties are the known Kiessig interferences which can be observed in the specular scattered x-ray beam at very small glancing angles. From these interference patterns diffusion data can be obtained by a comparison with calculated reflection curves based on a proper model for diffusion.

The most useful thickness range for this method is below 1000 Å, where common x-ray techniques lose their applicability. Since the changes in the interference patterns are most significant in the early diffusion stages, this technique is most suitable for observing initial interdiffusion, which very often occurs with enhanced diffusion rates.

The experimental check of the method is performed in the Au-Ag system. Bimetallic films of the pure components were annealed at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C. In this temperature range diffusion parameters from 10-16 to 10-14 cm2/s were found in good agreement with values obtained by other techniques.
Double Dielectric Relaxation of Non-Confocal Membrane-Covered Ellipsoidal Particle Suspensions
Authors: Ichimura Hideo , Feinstein David , Schwartz Richard F.
Published: February 2015

The complex dielectric constant of suspensions of membrane-covered ellipsoidal particles is formulated in terms of the complex dielectric constant of the interior, the membrane and the medium, the volume ratios p and q, and the shape factors n1 and n2. It is not necessary for the two ellipsoidal interfaces (one between the interior and the membrane, the other between the membrane and the medium) to be confocal, nor for the thickness of the membrane to be uniform. The result is factorized to demonstrate double relaxation.

In addition, the blurring mechanism of multiple relaxation is naively explained.
A New Method for Surface Ionization of Organic Molecules by Attachment of Alkali Ions in Moderate Electric Fields
Authors: Röllgen F. W. , Schulten H.-R.
Published: February 2015

It is shown that polar organic molecules may be ionized at metal surfaces by attachment of alkali ions in moderate electric fields. Lithium salts adsorbed on tungsten surfaces were employed for this method of ionization. The alkali ion attachment results from a surface reaction in the transition region between a thermal and field ionization. The particular advantage of this ionization method lies in the production of very simple mass spectra which contain no decomposition products of ions.
Molekularstruktur und Fluoreszenz aus ππ*-angeregten Zuständen organischer Moleküle/ Molecular Structure and Fluorescence from ππ* Excited States of Organic Molecules
Authors: Fratev Filip
Published: February 2015

Molecular The classification of the types of excited molecular structures suggested in a preceding paper1, can be used for interpretation and prediction of fluorescence ability of large classes of conjugated organic molecules. Possible electronic conditions for S2- and dual fluorescence are discussed. An extension of Kasha's rule is suggested.
Properties of the Quantum Double Oscillator
Authors: Brickmann Jürgen
Published: February 2015

A formalism is presented to obtain approximate analytic expressions for the eigenstates and eigenvalues of a quantum double oscillator (QDO). The matrix elements of a large class of operators with respect to states of different double oscillators result as finite sums of explicit functions of the respective parameters. Matrix elements between states of a harmonic oscillator and a double oscillator are also determined. The analytic expressions were used to calculate Franck-Condon factors for electronic transitions including double oscillator anharmonicities.
The Microwave Spectrum of 2,6-Difluoropyridine I. Assignment and Complete Structure by DRM Spectroscopy
Authors: Stiefvater Otto L.
Published: February 2015

Double resonance modulated (DRM) microwave spectroscopy has been used for the assignment of the rotation spectrum of 2,6-difluoropyridine, and for the study of 10 non-equivalent isotopic forms of this compound. All 13C and 15N spectra were observed in their natural abundances. From these data the complete structure of 2,6-difluoropyridine has been derived. The geometry of the ring was determined independently in two reference frames.

Bond distances (in Å, uncertainties 0.001 Å) an bond angles (in degrees, uncertainty 0.1°) are as follows: N(1)-C(2/6) = 1.3168, C(2/6)-C(3/5) = 1.3767, C(3/5)-C(4) = 1.3941, C(2/6)-F(2/6) = 1.347, C(3/5)-H(3/5) = 1.0795, C(4)-H(4) = 1.0822. Angles: C(2)N(1)C(6) = 115.0, N (1)C(2/6)C(3/5) = 126.5, C (2/6) C (3/5) C (4) = 116.1, C(3)C(4)C(5) = 119.8, N(l)C(2/6)F(2/6) = 114.7, C (2/6) C (3/5) H (3/5) = 120.8 and C (3/5) C (4) H (4) = 120.1. These data represent the first quantitative experimental verification of previously postulated distortions of the pyridine ring under substitution.
Notizen: Monitoring Chemical Reactions by Variable Temperature Photoelectron Spectroscopy. A New Thermal Reaction
Authors: Schäfer Werner , Schweig Armin
Published: February 2015

Variable temperature photoelectron (vtpe) spectroscopy is applied to ethane-1,2-dithiol. Thereby it is shown that this molecule thermally reacts to thiirane and hydrogen sulphide at the very low pressure applied in the pe experiment.
Scalarproducts of Spinor Field Functionals and State Representations in Nonlinear Spinor Field Quantum Theory
Authors: Stumpf H.
Published: February 2015

In preceding papers it was shown that in nonlinear spinor theory cross-sections of elementary particle scattering processes can be calculated only if the state representations and their scalar products are explicitly known. To obtain these quantities, functional quantum theory of the non-linear spinor field was introduced-In this paper it is demonstrated that the introduction of functional scalar products in functional quantum theory is equivalent to impose restrictions to the spinor field operator itself concerning its groundstate behaviour. Performing this, explicit state representations of spinor field states as well as corresponding scalar products can be derived, leading thus to functional quantum theories of the spinor field in dependence on the groundstate model. It follows from these considerations that a spinor field quantum theory is in principle in-complete, as long as no additional assumptions on the groundstate are made, which cannot be derived from the general dynamics of the field.
Spin-Gitter-Relaxation im Triplett-Zustand von Chinoxalin in Perdeutero-Naphthalin und zwei ähnlichen Mischkristallen
Authors: Konzelmann U. , Kilpper D. , Schwoerer M.
Published: February 2015

Spin Lattice Relaxation in the Triplet State of Qainoxaline in Perdeuteronaphthalene and of two Similar Mixed Crystals The spin lattice relaxation in the excited triplet state of three mixed crystals was investigated: Quinoxaline in perdeutero-naphthalene, quinoxaline in naphthalene (X-traps) and quinoxaline in durene. They differ by the depth of their traps, which are shallow (90 cm -1), very shallow (60 cm -1) and deep (6600 cm -1), respectively. In order to identify the relaxation processes and the relaxation mechanism, the experiments were performed in the large magnetic field range be-tween 0.2 T and 5.4 T. By use of a non-resonant optical method and by ESR and ODMR it could be shown that at high fields the direct process (emission of resonant phonons) is the only efficient process up to 4.2 K. At low fields Raman-processes are dominant. Thereby the spin lattice relaxation probability per unit time, w, increases with the ninth power of the temperature in the shallow trap systems and with the fifth power in the deep trap system. By the analysis of the very strong anisotropy of w it could be shown that the efficient relaxation mechanism in the shallow trap systems is a guest-host-interaction modulated by phonons.
Nachweis von Inhomogenitäten bzw. Konzentrationsfluktuationen in Schmelzen des Systems Al-In mittels Röntgen-Kleinwinkelstreuung
Authors: Hoehler Jochen , Steeb Siegfried
Published: February 2015

By means of small angle X-ray diffraction work it was revealed that ball-shaped segregated regions with diameters of 8 up to 10 Å exist in molten Al-In alloys. Interpretation of segregated regions as originated by concentration fluctuations shows, according to the method of Ornstein-Zernike, that the correlation length is approximately 3 Å. According to the method of modulation of monotonic Laue scattering, positive values between 0.04 and 0.2 for the coefficient of short range order were obtained. Apparently the melts consist of a matrix with statistical distribution of the atoms of both kinds together with two kinds of ball-shaped segregated regions, one kind containing only Aluminium-, the other only Indium-atoms. A plot showing the variation of volume concentration wAIT of Aluminium regions versus total concentration wT of regions of any kind is given: wT may reach from 0.2 up to 30 vol.-%.
Measurement of Stark Broadening and Shift of the Helium I Line λ =4471.5 Ä and its Forbidden Component λ =4470 Ä for Electron Densities 7 · 1014 ≲ Ne [cm-3] ≲ 3 · 1016
Authors: Diatta C. S. , Czernichowski A. , Chapelle J.
Published: February 2015

The profiles of the HeI line λ=4471.5 Å (43D-23P) and its forbidden component λ=4470 Å (43F - 23P) have been measured for electron densities Ne ranging from 7 · 1014 cm -3 to 3 · 1O16 cm-3 . The line was emitted from a continuous afterglow plasma emerging from a plasmatron device. The working pressure ranged from 100 Torr to 2 atmospheres. Our measurements agree with those of Bekefi et al. (1971), Bretagne et al. (1971/1973) and Drawin and Ramette (1974). Relatively by large discrepancies are found with some theoretical calculations. Our measurements include the very interesting density region from Ne=2 · 1015 cm-3 to Ne = 1 · 1016 cm-3 for which only a very few experimental data are available.
r0-Structure, Partial r-Structure, and Nitrogen Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants of N-Nitroso-dimethylamine
Authors: Guarnieri A. , Rohwer F. , Scappini F.
Published: February 2015

The microwave spectra of (CH3)2
15NNO, (CH3)2N15NO, syn-13CH3
12CH3NNO and anti-13CH3
12CH3NNO have been studied and the rotational constants evaluated. With these data and former results 1 the rs-structure of the carbon-nitrogen frame has been found to be planar. An r0-structure has also been calculated. From the hyperfine structure of the spectra the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the nitrogen nuclei have been determined. Further studies to complete the rs-structure are in progress.
Parametric Side-Scattering by Waves Near the Hybrid Resonance Frequencies in Inhomogeneous Plasmas
Authors: Shukla P. K. , Yu M. Y. , Spatschek K. H.
Published: February 2015

The temporal growth rates are calculated for side-scat-tering of light by modes near the upper and lower hybrid frequencies in a turbulent, inhomogeneous plasma.
Plasma Correlation Effects on Stark Broadening
Authors: Capes H. , Voslamber D.
Published: February 2015

The influence on spectral line profiles of a possible coupling between the low and high frequency parts of the plasma microfield, and of ternary plasma correlations is investigated. Both effects may have some importance in high density plasmas (e. g. arc experiments), but the first of them is shown to be generally predominant.
The Energetics of Formation of Doubly Charged Benzene Ions by Field Ionization
Authors: Röllgen F. W. , Heinen H. J.
Published: February 2015

Using a retarding potential energy analyzer the appearance potential of doubly charged benzene ions formed by field ionization was found to be 14.0 ± 0.3 eV. This appearance potential supplies evidence for the desorption of C6H6
++ ions in a chainlike structure from the surface of the field anode.
The Two Centre Dirac Equation
Authors: Müller Berndt , Greiner Walter
Published: February 2015

During collisions of heavy ions with heavy targets below the Coulomb barrier, adiabatic molecular orbitals are formed for the inner electrons. Deviations from adiabaticity lead to coupling between various states and can be treated by time-dependent perturbation theory. For high charges ( Z1+Z2 ≧ 60) the molecular electrons are highly relativistic. Therefore, the Dirac equation has to be used to obtain the energies and wave functions. The Dirac Hamiltonian is transformed into the intrinsic rotating coordinate system where prolate spheroidal coordinates are introduced. A set of basis functions is proposed which allows the evaluation of all matrix elements of the Dirac Hamiltonian analytically. The resulting matrix is diagonalized numerically. The finite nuclear charge distribution is also taken into account. Results are presented and discussed for various characteristic systems, e. g. Br-Br, Ni-Ni, I-I, Br-Zr, I-Au, U -U, etc.
Secondary Electron Emission from Conductive, Liquid Polyethylene Glycol 1500
Authors: Doblhofer K. , Charlé K. P. , Veltwisdi D.
Published: February 2015

A thorough study of the secondary electron emission (SEE) yield from liquid Polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG) was made. This liquid (m. p. 45 °C) has a low enough vapor pressure at a working temperature of about 50 °C. In addition, it has the advantage of being a good solvent for salts which dissociate and thus render the solutions conductive. It was found that the presence of the electrolyte salt does not affect the secondary electron yield curves.

A striking result is that the yield curves obtained from the PEG solutions are very well reproducible (ca. ± 7%). By fitting the experimental data to a formula given by the elementary theory of SEE it can be clearly seen that this liquid polymer shows quite a different SEE behaviour compared with that reported for chemically similar solid polymer films. The results obtained agree well with the data for polymer silicon oils, suggesting that liquid polymers differ in their SEE behaviour from the corresponding solids.

Finally, it is demonstrated that the reduced yield curves can be fitted to the physically meaningful Bethe loss formula at least as well as using the conventional approach.
On Hypermomentum in General Relativity I. The Notion of Hypermomentum
Authors: Hehl Friedrich W. , Kerlick G. David , Heyde Paul von der
Published: February 2015

In this series of notes, we introduce a new quantity into the theory of classical matter fields. Besides the usual energy-momentum tensor, we postulate the existence of a further dynamical attribute of matter, the 3rd rank tensor ⊿ijk of hypermomentum. Subsequently, a general relativistic field theory of energy-momentum and hypermomentum is outlined. In Part I we motivate the need for hypermomentum. We split it into spin angular momentum, the dilatation hypermomentum, and traceless proper hypermomentum and discuss their physical meanings and conservation laws.
Die Struktur epitaktisch aufgedampfter Goldfilme
Authors: Fischer W. , Wißmann P.
Published: February 2015

Gold films of 400 Å thickness were evaporated under UHV-conditions on (111)-, (110)-and (100)-oriented silicon substrates and were subsequently investigated by x-ray diffraction. Mainly the influence of orientation and cleanliness of the substrate on film structure was studied.

Informations on the orientation and size of the crystallites as well as on lattice distortions were obtained by analysing intensity, angular displacement and width of the diffraction peaks. It is found that the gold films show a preferred (111)-orientation in all cases; only the degree of orienta-tion changes with the pretreatment of the substrate. The size of the (111)-oriented crystallites cor-responds to the film thickness, and a noticeable density of intrinsic stacking faults can be detected.
Relaxation der Volumsviskosität in Wasser-t-Butanolmischungen im Gigahertz-Bereich / Relaxation of the Bulk — Viscosity in Water t-Butanol, Mixtures in the Gigahertz Region
Authors: Asenbaum A.
Published: February 2015

In water t-butanol mixtures hypersound velocities and hypersound damping were measured at 25 °C by Brillouin scattering. From a comparison of the results of this work with ultrasonic data the velocity dispersion, the nonrelaxing and the relaxing fraction of the bulk - viscosity, and the relaxation frequency were calculated.
Mechanism and Structure in the Ion Chemistry of Tetramethyldiphosphine: An Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectrometric Study
Authors: Wanczek Karl-Peter
Published: February 2015

The mass spectrum of tetramethyldiphosphine and the ion chemistries of this compound and of its mixtures with phosphine and dimethylphosphine have been investigated by ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. Numerous ion molecule reactions have been observed. The rate constants of the two most abundant ions formed by the molecular ion, the tetramethyldiphosphonium ion, H(CH3)2P-P(CH3)2
+ and the hexamethyltriphosphonium ion, P3(CH3)6
+ , are k2.35≦0.1X10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k2.40 = 1.5 X10-10 cm3 molecule -1 s -1 respectively. The structures of several ions have been determined with the aid of their ion-molecule reactions. The ions m/e = 79 and 93 are thought to have the structures HP - P(CH3)H+ and HP-P(CH3)2
+ . The most probable structures of the ions m/e = 169 and 183 are HP(CH3)2-P(CH3)-P(CH3)2
+ and (CH3)2P-P(CH3) - P(CH3)3
+ . The protonated molecule undergoes several ion-molecule reactions, which proceed via an intermediate, m/e = 183, [(CH3)6P3
+]* which is detected by double resonance experiments.
The Rotational Spectrum of Monothioformic Acid. I. cis-and trans-HC(:O)SH1,2
Authors: Hocking William H. , Winnewisser Gisbert
Published: February 2015

The rotational spectra of the two abundant isomers of monothioformic acid, cis- and trans- HC(:O)SH, have been assigned in the frequency region 8 -250 GHz. Over 90 a-type transitions and over 60 b-type transitions have been measured for each rotamer. The a-type transitions belong to the qRK , qQ1, qQ2, qQ3 and qQ4 branches and the b-type absorption lines encompass the Ka = 1 - 0, 2 - 1, 3 - 2, 4 - 3 and 5 - 4 rotational sub-bands. The rotational constants and all quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants have been determined for each rotamer using Watson's reduced Hamiltonian. In addition to the measured line positions the frequencies of some selected low-J transitions, not observed in this work but of potential astrophysical interest, have been listed as an aid in the interstellar search for monothioformic acid.
Use of 95Mo NMR Spectroscopy as a New Approach to Structural Analysis of Diamagnetic Molybdenum Complexes
Authors: Lutz O. , Nolle A. , Kroneck P.
Published: February 2015

Fourier Transform NMR measurements of 95Mo and 97Mo are reported for several molybdenum compounds in different oxidation states. Using the molybdate ion as a reference, chemical shifts from about +500 ppm to about -1900 ppm have been observed. Experimental parameters and a chemical shift scale are given.
Mikrowellenspektrum von 12C34SF37Cl
Authors: Hamm R. , Kohrmann H. J. , Günther H. , Zeil W.
Published: February 2015

The microwave spectrum of the isotopic species 12C34SF37Cl has been measured in natural abundance. The three rotational constants and five quartic centrifugal distortion constants have been determined by a least square fit. In comparison with our former calculations, the five structural r0-parameters of the planar molecule have now been determined from eight rotational constants instead of six, thus yielding remarkably smaller confidence intervalls. Furthermore an re-structure has been calculated and an equilibrium-structure has been estimated
Die molare freie Zusatzenthalpie am kritischen Entmischungspunkt als Kriterium für Modelltheorien flüssiger Mischungen / Molar Excess Free Energy at the Critical Solution Point as a Criterion of Model Theories for Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Becker Friedrich , Kiefer Michael , Rhensius Peter
Published: February 2015

Theoretical expressions of GΕ/RT for symmetric and unsymmetric binary liquid mixtures, as proposed by Guggenheim, Redlich and Kister, van Laar, Renon and Prausnitz, are compared with the equilibrium model theory which we have developed some years ago, with respect to their predictions of Gc
Ε/RTc, and its dependence on the number of nearest neighbours, on the critical mole fraction, and on other model parameters. Equilibrium models allow discussion of critical mixing by means of a relation between the two equilibrium constants used. This is done for two typical examples: Mutual unspecific solvation of both components, coupled with (1) unsymmetric selfassociation. and (2) unsymmetric specific solvation. A discussion of phase separation at negative values of Gc
Ε/RTc is given
Kinetics of MgWO4 Formation in the Solid State Reaction between MgO and WO3
Authors: Flor Giorgio , Riccardi Riccardo
Published: February 2015

The solid state reaction of MgWO4 formation from MgO (single crystals) and WO3 was investigated in the temperature range 800 - 985 °C under both air and argon atmosphere.

The techniques employed for the kinetic study (contact and thermogravimetric methods) allowed to point out that the process follows the linear rate law in the early stages and the parabolic one in the subsequent stages.

From inert marker experiments, kinetic determinations under the two different atmospheres and conductivity measurements, it was possible to state that the reaction is governed by a cation counterdiffusion mechanism
Mass Spectrum, Mechanism and Structure in the Ion Chemistry of Trimethylmethylenephosphorane
Authors: Hartmann Olaf-Rene , Wanczek Karl-Peter , Hartmann Hermann
Published: February 2015

The gas phase ion chemistry of the simplest known phosphorus ylide, trimethylmethylenephosphorane, has been studied in the mass range m/e=2 - 186 and the pressure range 10-7-10-4 Torr. The most abundant product ion, m/e = 104, (CH3)2C2H5PCH2
'+ is formed by a methylene group transfer reaction of the molecular ion. Almost all of the other product ions formed from the molecular ion can be subsumed under the general formula (CH3)3PCHPRn
+ (R = H, CH3; n=1,2,3). The reactions indicate that the molecular ion has lost its ylide character almost completely. The protonated molecule is formed almost exclusively by a reaction of the fragment ion m/e = 75. This reaction and the CH3PH group transfer reaction indicate a cyclic structure (CH3) HP(CH2)2
+ for this ion. A cyclic structure is also assumed for the ion m/e = 73, PC3H6
+, which undergoes P and PH transfer reactions. The reactions of the ion m/e = 47 are consistent with the structure CH3PH+. The ICR and mass spectra are given, some metastable decompositions are discussed
Zur physikalischen Deutung der Hill-Bedingung / About the Physical Interpretation of the Hill-Condition
Authors: Betten J.
Published: February 2015

In this paper it is shown, that the Hill-Condition can be identified with the elastic strain energy of distortion for incompressible materials. The Mises-Potential for anisotropic materials can be identified with the elastic strain energy
The Widths of the E2 (ΔT = 0 and ΔT = 1) Giant Resonances in 165Ho
Authors: Moore G. L. , Buskirk F. R. , Dally E. B. , Dyer J. N. , Maruyama X. K. , Pitthan R.
Published: February 2015

Inelastic electron scattering confirms broadening of the isoscalar (ΔT=0) E2 giant resonance in 165Ho as compared to spherical nuclei. Discrepancies in magnitude between results of other experiments are reconciled. The isovector (ΔT=1) E2 giant resonance is, for the first time, observed to be split into at least two parts
On the Analysis of the Activation Volume
Authors: Rrausz A. S.
Published: February 2015

The stress and temperature dependence of the activation volume is often explained by a similar dependence of the measured stress sensitivity. This explanation cannot be reconciled with the nonconservative motion of jogs, with dislocation climb, nor with the intersection mechanism. It is in contradiction with the results obtained in direct dislocation velocity measurements as well.

It is now shown that when the backward movement of the dislocations is taken into consideration an explanation, consistent with the rate theory and with the dislocation mobility observations, can be developed. The analysis shows that with constant activation volume the stress sensitivity is stress and temperature dependent, in agreement with the corresponding measurements and mechanisms.
Electrical Conductance of Single Molten Lithium Halides
Authors: Zuca S. , Olteanu M.
Published: February 2015

The specific conductivities and densities of molten LiCl, LiBr and Lil have been investigated as a function of temperature. A comparison between the data in literature and the present data has been made and the reliability of the different data is discussed.
On Hypermomentum in General Relativity III. Coupling Hypermomentum to Geometry
Authors: Hehl Friedrich W. , Kerlick G. David , Heyde Paul von der
Published: February 2015

In Part I1 of this series we presented the notion of the material hypermomentum current and motivated its introduction into general relativity. In Part II2 we showed that a general, linearly connected manifold with symmetric metric (L4, g) is the appropriate geometrical framework for such an introduction. The present paper completes the picture by giving dynamical definitions for energy-momentum and hypermomentum for a minimally coupled material Lagrangian. We derive and discuss the field equations of a new metricaffine gravitational theory which embodies these notions.
Notizen:Oriented Adsorption of Benzene Molecules on Graphitized Carbon Black
Authors: Boddenberg B. , Moreno J. A.
Published: February 2015

A new model for the oriented adsorption of benzene molecules on graphitized carbon black at low temperatures is proposed which explains NMR relaxation data.
Die 14C-Aktivität der Atmosphäre von 1952 bis 1971 nach Messungen von Wein-Äthanol
Authors: Zimen K. E. , Brits R.
Published: February 2015

14 C in the Atmosphere from 1952 to 1971 According to Measurements of Wine Ethanol Previous measurements of 14 C in German wines (vintages 1952 — 1967) have been extended up to 1971 and are supple-mented by a series of samples from the southern hemisphere.
Eigenschaften von Tunnelkontakten auf den fünfwertigen supraleitenden Übergangsmetallen Nb, Ta und V / Properties of tunneling junctions on the superconducting transition-metals Nb, Ta, and V
Authors: Gärtner K. , Hahn A.
Published: February 2015

Well-developed phonon-structures are observed on Ta/Ta-Oxid/Ag and Nb/Nb-Oxid/Ag tunneling junctions, if the conditions of oxidation are suitably choosen. These structures are analyzed ac-cording to McMillan's numerical program and the results are discussed. From the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics in the normal state, informations are obtained on the electronic structure of the semiconducting oxid presenting the barrier. Impurity concentration leading to a nonideal semiconductor gap in the oxid, seems to be largely reduced if oxidation is performed with low oxygen pressure.
Investigation of the Structure and the Plasma Parameters in a "Critical Velocity" Rotating Plasma
Authors: Himmel G. , Möbius E. , Piel A.
Published: February 2015

The structure and the plasma parameters of a rotating plasma showing Alfvén's critical velocity were investigated for the first time by means of Langmuir probes. It was demonstrated that the occurrence of the critical velocity is causally connected with the formation of a spoke structure. The electron temperature and the plasma density were determined with local resolution by which a detailed balance concerning the plasma density and the current transport became possible. The importance of turbulent electron heating for rapid ionization at the critical velocity is emphasized. In this process the modified two-stream-instability obviously plays an outstanding role.
1/f-noise Generated by Constrained Diffusion through a Flux-controlling Boundary
Authors: Frehland E.
Published: February 2015

Calculations for constrained (one-dimensional) diffusion of current carriers in an external field are made, which concern the spectral density of fluctuations resulting from the relaxation of spatial concentration perturbations. Two different model calculations are presented: First diffusion in an infinite medium. In this case the spectral density of concentration fluctuations shows a 1/f behaviour, but the spectral density of current fluctuations does not. Second the diffusion in a semi-infinite medium is treated. The flux through the boundary (e. g. pore end) is assumed to be pro-portional to the concentration of current carriers at this boundary. In this case concentration as well as current exhibit 1/f behaviour. The results indicate that the existence of flux controlling boundaries (contacts) may be decisive for the occurence of 1/f noise.
Refractive Index Measurements on Fused LiNO3 , RbNO3 and CsNO3 with a Modified Thermooptic Technique
Authors: Karawacki Ernest , Gustafsson Silas E.
Published: February 2015

A modified method for measuring absolute values of the refractive index and its temperature dependence is presented. A direct comparison is made between the refractive index of a liquid sample and ambient air. Values for LiNO3 , RbNO3 , and CsNO3 within a temperature interval of about 80 K above the melting point for several different wavelengths are presented as well as the calculated values of the molar refractivity and the absorption lines of the NO3
- ion.
Partial Structure Factors in Multicomponent Liquid or Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Blétry J.
Published: February 2015

The structure of a υ component liquid or amorphous alloy is analyzed in terms of υ(υ+1)/2 independent partial structure factors which are associated to the different correlations between the numbers of particles of all chemical species. This formalism, which is specially adapted to the study of alloys of more than two components, is related to Fournet-Faber-Ziman and extended Bhatia-Thornton theory. Sum rules, inequality relations and limiting values are calculated in the static approximation and Debye pair expressions of the structure factors are derived in the isotropic approximation.
17O and 33S Fourier Transform NMR Studies in Thiosulfate and Thiomolybdate Solutions
Authors: Lutz O. , Nepple W. , Nolle A.
Published: February 2015

Fourier Transform NMR measurements of 17O and 33S are reported for several aqueous sulfate, thiosulfate, molybdate and thinftnolybdate solutions. Using informations from 17O signals, 33S NMR lines are assigned. Experimental parameters, chemical shifts and linewidths are given.
The Rotational Spectrum of Monothioformic Acid. III. Dipole Moment and Relative Intensity Measurements1,2
Authors: Hocking William H. , Winnewisser Gisbert
Published: February 2015

The molecular electric dipole moment of each of the two planar thiol rotamers of monothio-formic acid, in its ground state, has been determined from Stark effect measurements. The results are for cis-HC(:O)SH: μa=1.805(1) D, μb = 2.228(1) D and μ=2.868(1) D; whereas for trans-HC(:O)SH: μa = 1.366(1) D, μb = 0.702(1) D and μ = 1.536(1) D. Additional Stark effect measurements on HC(:O)SD and DC(:O)SH have yielded the direction of the dipole moment in each rotamer. The energy difference between the ground vibrational states of cis-and trans-HC(:O)SH has also been determined by relative intensity measurements. The cis rotamer is found to lie at higher energy than the trans rotamerb y 2767(7) J·mol-1 (231.3(6) cm-1 or 661.3(17) cal·mol-1).
Physical Triplet Quenching by Electron Donors
Authors: Steiner Ulrich , Winter Gerhard , Kramer Horst E. A.
Published: February 2015

Absolute radical yields, as determined by flash spectro-scopy, are reported for the reaction of the thionine triplet 3TH+ and its protonated form 3TH2
++ with a variety of electron donors in methanolic solution. The different yields, extrapolated to infinite donor concentrations, are due to partial physical quenching of the triplets in the electron transfer reaction. The results are indicative of a triplet exciplex as an intermediate in the electron transfer reaction.
LCAO Approach to SCF-Xα Method
Authors: Koller J. , Žaucer ,M. , Ažman A.
Published: February 2015

An LCAO approach to the Slater SCF-Xα method is described. The equilibrium distances and Hellman-Feynman forces are determined.
Self-diffusion of Tin in a liquid Tin-Lead alloy at the Eutectic Composition
Authors: Kurlat D. H. , Rosen M. , Quintana G.
Published: February 2015

By the shear cell technique, the self-diffusion coefficient (DSn) of tin in a liquid Sn - 38.1 wt% Pb alloy has been measured in the temperature range 466 to 786 K. The slope of the DSn vs. T curve decreases up to about 573 K, where it gets constant. This behaviour may be explained by the cluster hypothesis.
On the Thermal Conductivity of Hydrogen at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Popović S. , Konjević N.
Published: February 2015

To evaluate the thermal conductivity of a hydrogen plasma at atmospheric pressure, previously reported results of experimental end-on spectroscopic temperature measurements are corrected for the influence of the schlieren effect. New thermal conductivity data for hydrogen are given.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Heterocycles. Indene Analogs
Authors: Güsten H. , Klasinc L. , Ruščić B.
Published: February 2015

The He (I) photoelectron (PE) spectra of indene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-and 6-methylindole and 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroindole were measured and analysed. A close correlation between the π-ionisation energies of these compounds and the eigenvalues of the corresponding HMO-orbitals is found. A qualitative scheme for the assignment of the π-electron ionisations by orbital interaction of the constituents of the indene analogs i. e. of styrene and the p-orbital of the corresponding heteroatom, indicates that the energy levels in all the compounds investigated can be described by the same type of interaction and yields a value for the inductive effect of the hetero group (-CH3 and >CH2: 0.3 eV, >NH: 0.4, >S: 0.1, >O : negligible).
Hydrocarbon Chain Ordering in Liquid Crystals Investigated by Means of Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection (IR-ATR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Fringeli U. P. , Schadt M. , Riȟak P. , Günthard Hs. H.
Published: February 2015

Stationary and modulated IR-ATR spectra of Schiff's base nematic liquid crystals are reported. The mean order parameter of both, the aromatic core and the hydrocarbon chains is determined by analysis of the infrared dichroism of characteristic absorption bands. Hydrocarbon chain ordering was found to be considerably lower than predicted by Marčelja's statistical theory.
Notizen: Comparison of Synchrotron Radiation and Hydrogen Continuum Radiation in the Near VUV by Means of a Deuterium Transfer Standard
Authors: Einfeld D. , Stüde D. , Behringer K. , Thoma P.
Published: February 2015

The spectral radiance of a deuterium lamp has been calibrated by the radiation of an electron synchrotron and by the continuum radiation of a high temperature hydrogen arc. The two measurements allow an indirect comparison of the two radiometric standards in the spectral range from 175 to 340 nm. They agree with each other within less than ± 5%.
Chemical Turbulence: Chaos in a Simple Reaction-Diffusion System
Authors: Rössler Otto E.
Published: February 2015

Nonperiodic oscillation ("chaos"), formerly found in several 3-variable homogeneous abstract reaction systems, is also possible in 2-morphogen compartmental systems. In a 2-cellular (and hence 4-variable) symmetrical morphogenetic system of Rashevsky-Turing type, a nonperiodic return toward an (almost) undifferentiated state is observed under numerical simulation. The system hereby shows a novel, "bi-chaotic" (rather than bistable), type of behavior. The 2 chaotic regimes are of the screw type each. They are separated by a symmetrical saddle-limit cycle. This behavior is preserved under a "contraction" of the system to 3 variables. A second bichaotic mode (2 spiral-type chaotic regimes separated by a symmetrical steady state) is also possible. A preliminary result on a third of chaos is also presented. Thus, "turbulence" (or chaos) may be a general behavioral possibility of interaction-type morphogenetic systems.