bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feline Cutaneous Melanocytic Neoplasms: A Retrospective Analysis of 43 Cases (1979–1991)
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. , SCOTT DANNY W. , ANDERSON WAYNE I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Forty‐three cases of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasia in cats were reviewed. Twenty‐eight of the 43 neoplasms were histologically benign and 15 were malignant. Behavior was independent of site except that tumors of the eyelid were malignant. Histologic findings of epidermal ulceration, cleanliness of tissue borders, degree of melanization, tumor cell type, and the presence or absence of theques did not differentiate benign from malignant tumors. Junctional activity indicated a high probability of benign behavior while malignant behavior was predicted by a high mitotic index and infiltration of the tumor by lymphoid cells.

Résumé— Quarante trois cas de tumeurs mélaniques félines ont été revus. Vingt huit de ces 43 tumeurs étaient histologiquement bénignes et 15 malignes. Le comportement était indépendant de la localisation de la tumeur, à l'exception des tumeurs des paupières, toujours malignes. L'observation histologique d'ulcération épidermique, de propreté des bords des tissus, du degré de mélanisation, du type cellulaire et de la presence ou de l'absence de thèques ne différait pas qu'il s'agisse de tumeur bénigne ou maligne. L'activité jonctionnelle indiquait une forte probabilité de bénignité, alors qu'un comportement malin était prédit par un index mitotique élevé et une infiltration de la tumeur par des cellules lymphoïdes.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein überlick über 43 Fälle von kutanen melanozytären Neoplasien bei Katzen gegeben. Achtundzwanzig der 43 Neoplasmen waren histologisch gutartig, 15 waren bösartig. Das Verhalten der Tumore war unabhängig von der Lokalisation, abgesehen von Tumoren der Augenlider, die stets maligne waren. Histologische Befunde wie epidermale Ulzeration, scharfe Begrenzung der Gewebsränder, Grad der Melanisierung, Tumorzelltyp und Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Thequen unterschieden die benignen von den malignen Tumoren nicht. Verbindungsaktivität bedeutete eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für gutartiges Verhalten, während bösartiges Verhalten durch einen hohen Mitoseindex und Infiltration des Tumors mit lymphoiden Zellen vorhersagbar war.

Resumen  En éste artículo se analizan cuarenta y tres casos de neoplasia melanocítica cutánea en gatos. Veintiocho de loa cuarenta y tres casos, resultaron cánceres benignos histológicamente y quince, malignos. El grado de malignidad no tenia relación con el sitio de procedencia con la excepción de que los tumores de párpados que resultaron malignos. Las características histológicas de las ulceraciones epidérmicas, limpieza de tejidos circundantes, grado de melanización, tipo de célula tumoral, y presencia o ausencia de the zeques, no sirvió para la diferenciación entre maligno y benigno. La actividad de la zona delimitante fué un indicador de alta probabilidad de benignidad, mientras que la el tipo maligno se predijo por un índice mitótico alto e infiltración del tumor por celulas de tipo linfoide.
Comparison of Serum Zinc Levels in Healthy, Systemically Ill and Dermatologically Diseased Dogs
Authors: LOGAS DAWN , KUNKLE GAIL A. , McDOWELL LEE
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Decreased levels of total body zinc can lead to profound effects on both the immune and integumentary systems. Unfortunately, accurate measurements of total body zinc are difficult because the mineral is ubiquitous in the environment and many endogenous and exogenous factors can falsely elevate or depress measurements.

In man, various dermatologic and non‐dermatologic diseases have been associated with low serum zinc levels. The objective of this study was to analyse by atomic absorption and compare the serum zinc levels of healthy dogs, dogs with non‐dermatologic diseases, dogs with allergic skin diseases and dogs with other dermatologic diseases. Using the Student‐Newman‐Keuls test, no significant differences in the mean serum zinc levels were demonstrated among any of the four groups (P > 0.05).

Résumé— Une diminution des taux zinc total dans le corps peut avoir de profondes répercussions sur la réponse immunitaire et les systèmes tégumentaires. Malheureusement, La mesure du taux global de zinc corporel ets difficile car ce miniral est ubiquitaire dans l'environnement et de nombreux facteurs endogènes ou exogènes peuvent élever ou diminuer de façon erronnée les dosages. Chez l'homme, quelques maladies, dermatologiques ou non, ont été associées à des zincémies faibles, objectif de cette étude était d'analyser par absorptio atomique et comparer les zincémies plasmatiques de chiens sains, atteints de maladies générales et de maladies cutanées. En utilisant le test de Student‐Newman‐Keuls, aucune difference significative n'a été retrouvée entre les 4 groupes (P > 0.05).

Resumen  Niveles bajos de zinc pueden conducir a profundos efectos en tanto el sistema inmunitario, como en el integumentario. Desafortunadamente la medida de la cantidad total de zinc en el organismo es compleja debido a la ubicuidad del mineral en el medio ambiente, y a la gran cantidad de factores endógenos y exógenos que pueden producir medidas falsas del mismo. En medicina humana se han asociado varias enfermedades dermatólogicas y sistémicas con bajos niveles de zinc. El objetivo de éste estudio es el análisis por medio del método de absorción atómica y la comparación de los niveles de zinc en el suero de perros sanos, perros con enfermedades de tipo general, perros con enfermedades de piel de tipo alérgico, y perros que presentaban enfermedades cutáneas de tipo no alérgico. Utilizando el test de Student‐Newman‐Keuls no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad media de zinc en suero delos cuatro grupos (P > 0.05).
Generalized Congenital Hypotrichosis in a Female Rottweiler
Authors: IHRKE PETER J. , MUELLER RALF S. , STANNARD ANTHONY A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Generalized congenital hypotrichosis is reported in a female Rottweiler. This is only the second report of this genodermatosis in a female dog. The dog was predominately hairless except for bilaterally symmetric tufts of hair on the head, dorsal midline and umbilical region. Most skin biopsy sections revealed a total lack of epidermal appendages representing a complete failure of follicular development. Occasionally, small rudimentary follicular structures were subtended by melanophages and vertically oriented collagen suggesting the possibility of previously more extensive development followed by subsequent involution. According to a new classification scheme for ectodermal dysplasia proposed by Dr Carol Foil, this dog would be classified as 1–4 defect, cogenital hypotrichosis.

Résumé— Une hypotrischose congénitale généralisée chez une chienne Rotweiler est rapportée. Il s'agit du second cas de cette génodermatose décrit chez une chienne. Le chien était nu exception faite de touffe de poils sur les flancs et la tête, la ligne du dos et la region ombilicale. La plupart des biopsies ont révélé une absence totale d'annexe et de développment folliculaire. Parfois quelques structures folliculaires rudimentaires étaient subtentés par la présence de mélanophages et une orientation verticale des fibres de collagène. En suivant la nouvelle classification des dysplasies ectodermiques proposée par le Dr Carol Foil, cet animal a été classé en hypotrychose congénitale de défaut 1–4.

Resumen  En éste artículo se describe un caso de hipotricosis congénita de tipo generalizado en una hembra de la raza Rottweiler. Éste es el segundo caso de genodermatosis reportado en una perra. Éste animal padecía de una pérdida de pelo general exceptuando algunas mechas aisladas en la cabeza, línea media dorsal y región umbilical, de una manera bilateral y simétrica. La mayoría de las biopsias cutáneas revelaron una falta total de apéndices cutáneos, lo cual representaba una fallo completo en en desarrollo del folículo. De manera espóradica, se observaron estructuras foliculares rudimentarias ínvadidas de melanófagos y con fibras de colágeno orientadas verticalmente sugiriendo la posibilidad de desarrollo previo mas extensivo seguido de posterior involución. De acuerdo con la nueva clasificación de displasia ectodérmica propuesta por Foil, éste animal sería clasificado con un defecto de 1–4 de hipotricosis congenital.
Humoral Antibody Response to Experimental Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes Infection in the Dog
Authors: BORNSTEIN SET , ZAKRISSON GORAN
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Humoral antibody responses to experimental Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes infection in 10 beagle dogs were demonstrated by an ELISA in three experiments. In the first experiment, four dogs, infected with a relatively high dose of S. scabiei, seroconverted 2 weeks post infection. All four animals showed clinical signs of sarcoptic mange. In the second experiment, six dogs were infected with a relatively low dose of S. scabiei. Three of the dogs developed clinical signs of sarcoptic mange and only in these three were antibodies to S. scabiei demonstrated. Seroconversion occurred 4–5 weeks post infection. The six dogs infected with a low dose of Sarcoptes were re‐infected with a relatively low dose of mites 7 weeks after the spontaneous clinical recovery of the three dogs that had exhibited mange following the primary infection. The later three dogs showed a specific antibody response within 1 week and the other three dogs within 2 weeks following the re‐infection.

Resumen  En tres experimentos se demostraron las respuestas humorales de anticuerpos a la infección con Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes en 10 perros de la raza Beagle por medio de pruebas ELISA. En el primer experimento cuatro de los perros infectados con una dosis relativamente alta de Sarcoptes, seroconvirtieron 2 semanas despues de la infección. Estos cuatro animales mostraban cuadro clínico de infección. En un segundo experimento seis de los perros se sometieron a una dosis relativamente baja del ácaro. Solo tres de estos perros demostraron cuadro clínico de la infección, y en éstos animales exclusivamente se encontraron anticuerpos de S. scabiei. Cinco o seis semanas después de la infección se produjo la seroconversión de los mismos. Los seis perros infectados con una dosis baja se volvieron a re‐infectar con otra dosis relativamente baja siete semanas después de la recuperatión clínica espontánea de los tres perros que habían padecido el cuadro clínico de la sarna, después de la infección previa. Los últimos tres perros produjeron una respuesta de anticuerpos específica en una semana, y los otros tres perros en dos semanas después de la infección.
Nodular Dermatofibrosis and Renal Cystadenomas in a Golden Retriever
Authors: MARKS STANLEY L. , FARMAN CYNTHIA A. , PEASTON ANNE
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The clinical and histologic features of a 2‐year‐old intact male golden retriever with nodular dermatofibrosis and renal cystadenomas are described. The skin lesions failed to respond to antibiotic and glucocorticoid therapy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a wedge‐shaped area of hyperechoic mottled echogenicity at the cranial pole of the left kidney and a small right kidney. Euthanasia was performed thirty‐six months following initial presentation, owing to progressive enlargement of the dermal and subcutaneous nodules and gross deformity of the left hind limb secondary to fibrous tissue deposition and lymphatic obstruction. Necropsy confirmed the presence of bilateral renal cystic hyperplasia and multifocal renal cystadenomas. This is the first confirmed report of nodular dermatofibrosis and renal cystadenomas in a breed other than the German shepherd dog.
Double‐blind Comparison of Three Concentrated Essential Fatty Acid Supplements in the Management of Canine Atopy
Authors: BOND ROSS , LLOYD DAVID H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A randomised double‐blind parallel study lasting 16 weeks compared the efficacy of a concentrated essential fatty acid supplement containing 280 mg of GLA and 50 mg of EPA (HGF 500 mg capsules, Efamol Vet) with supplements containing 350 mg of GLA (HGG capsules), and 250 mg of EPA (HGE capsules). Twenty‐eight atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well‐controlled by HGF either continued to receive HGF or were switched to HGG or HGE. The dogs were clinically examined by the same veterinary surgeon at 4‐week intervals and assessments of pruritus, scaling, erythema, infiltration, coat condition and overall severity recorded. Clinical scores for each criterion assessed and plasma phospholipid concentrations for four fatty acids measured did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) during the study period, indicating that the three supplements assessed were of comparable therapeutic efficacy in the atopic dogs studied.

Resumen  Un estudio paralelo al azar de tipo doble ciego que duró diecieséis semanas, comparó la eficacia de un suplemento concentrado de ácidos grasos esenciales conteniendo 280 mg de GLA y 50 mg de EPA (HGE 500 mg cápsulas, Efamol Vet) con suplementos que contenían 350 mg de GLA (HGG cápsulas), y 250 mg de EPA (HGG cápsulas). Veintiocho de los perros atópicos en los que el cuadro clínico estaba bajo control con HGF continuaron recibiendo el mismo suplemento, o se les cambió a la medicación con HGG o HGE. Los perros fueron examinados por el mismo veterinario periódicamente cada 4 semanas, evaluándose el prurito, descamación, eritema, infiltración, condición del pelo, y severidad de la enfermedad cutánea. La evaluación clínica para cada criterio evaluado, y las concentraciones de fosfolipídos de los cuatro ácidos grasos medidos, no varió significativamente (P > 0.05) durante el periodo de estudio, indicando que la eficacia de los 3 suplementos comparados fue similar para los perros atópicos de éste estudio.

Résumé— Une étude en double aveugle de seize semaines a été réalisée pour comparer une préparation en acides gras essentiels contenant 280 mg de GLA et 50 mg d'EPA (capsules HGF 500 mg, Efamol Vet), un supplément contenant 350 mg de GLA (capsules HGG) et un contenant 250 mg d'EPA (capsules HGE). Vingt huit chiens atopiques dont les symptômes étaient controlés par l'HGF ont soit continuéá recevoir de l'HGF soit de l'HGE, soit de l'HGG. Les animaux ont été examinés par le même vétérinaire toutes les quatre semaines et l'évolution du prurit, du squamosis, de l'érythème, de l'infiltration, de l'état du pelage et de la sévérité générale a été enregistrée. Les scores cliniques de chaque critère et les concentrations plasmatiques de quatre acides gras n'ont pas varié de facon significative (P > 0,05) pendant la durée de l'étude, indiquant que ces trois suppléments avaient une efficacité comparable chez les chiens atopiques étudiés.
Inability of Short‐duration Treatment with a 5‐Lipoxy‐genase Inhibitor to Reduce Clinical Signs of Canine Atopy
Authors: DeBOER DOUGLAS J. , MORIELLO KAREN A. , POLLET ROBERT A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract—Products of the 5‐lipoxygenase metabolic pathway may be important mediators of inflammation in canine skin. Pharmacologic blockade of this pathway may therefore decrease clinical signs associated with canine atopy. To test this hypothesis, 31 dogs were entered on a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial to assess the efficacy of an investigational oral 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor (WY‐50295) in treating canine atopy. Dogs were treated for 11 days with the drug and 11 days with the placebo, in random order, with a 3‐day washout period between the treatment periods. Clinical signs were assessed daily by the owner in all 31 dogs, using a subjective scoring scale. Twelve of the dogs were additionally evaluated at intervals by the investigators and similarly scored. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P >0.05) in owner or investigator scores assigned during placebo treatment, drug treatment, and no treatment periods. In an end‐of‐study evaluation, 24.1 per cent of owners reported satisfactory response to placebo capsules and 17.2 per cent reported satisfactory response to the drug, demonstrating a strong placebo effect. Short‐duration treatment with WY‐50295 did not appear to be effective in reducing clinical signs of atopy.
Generalized Apocrine Cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog
Authors: VILAFRANCA MIGUEL , DOMINGO MARIANO , ROURA XAVIER , GARCIA FELIX , FERRER LUIS
Published: March 2008

Résumé— Les kystes sudoripares multicentriques sont des affections rares chez le chien caractérisées par une hyperplasie multifocale kystique des glandes apocrines au niveau du cou et de la tête. Dans ce cas, nous décrivons un cas sévére de kystes sudoripares multicentriques généralisés chez un Bobtail. Bien que cette affection soit considérée comme un processus non‐néoplasique, le comportement et l'histologie des lésions sont compatibles avec révolution d'une tumeur bénigne. En outre nous avons mis en évidence l'expression de récepteurs pour un facteur de croissance épidermique, puissant mitogéne de l'épithélium glandulaire. [Generalized apocrine cystamatosis in an Old English Sheepdog. (Kystes sudoripares généralisés chez un Bobtail.)

Zusammenfassung— Apokrine Zystomatose ist eine seltene Erkrankung beim Hund, die durch eine multifokale zystische Hyperplasie der apokrinen Drüsen über Kopf und Hals gekennzeichnet. In diesem Bericht wird der Fall einer schweren generalisierten apokrinen Zystomatose bei einem Bobtail beschrieben. Obwohl dieser Zustand gewöhnlich als nicht‐neoplastisches Geschehen eigenstuft wird, war das Verhalten und die Histologie der Veränderungen in diesem Fall mit einem gutartigen Tumor vergleichbar. Weiterhin wurde die Expression eines Rezeptors für den epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor entdeckt, der ein potentes Mitogen für die Drüsenepithelien darstellt und in sekretorischen Zellen apokrine Zysten umgibt. [Generalized aprocrine cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog (Generlisierte apokrine Zystomatose bei einem Bobtail).

Abstract— Apocrine cystomatosis is an uncommon disorder in the dog characterized by multifocal cystic hyperplasia of apocrine glands over the head and neck. In this report, we describe a case of severe generalized apocrine cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog. Although the condition is usually regarded as a non‐neoplastic process, the behaviour and histology of the lesions in our case are compatible with a benign tumor. Furthermore, we detected the expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor, a potent mitogen for glandular epithelia, in secretory cells lining apocrine cysts.
Lupoid Dermatosis in Five German Short‐haired Pointers
Authors: VROOM MARGREET W. , THEAKER MANDy J. , REST JOAN R. , WHITE STEPHEN D.
Published: March 2008

Résumé— La dermatose lupoïde du Braque Allemand doit être considéré comme une génodermatose bien que le nombre de cas décrit soit faible. Cette maladie concerne de jeunes chiens. Aucune prédisposition sexuelle n'est notée. Pour l'instant, cette maladie n'a été observée que chez le Pointer. Le diagnostic repose sur l'examen clinique et l'examen histopathologique des biopsies cutanées. Le pronostic est généralement réservé, mais l'utilisation des acides gras et un traitement symptomatique peuvent être préconisés. [Vroom, M.W., Theaker, M.J., Rest, J.R., White, S.D. Lupoid dermatosis in five German short‐haired pointers (Dermatose lupoïde chez cinq Braques Allemands).

Resumen— La dermatosis lupoide del Pointer Alemán de pelo corto podria ser un genodermatosis, aunque el número de casos descritos es bajo. Esta enfermedad se presenta en perros jóvenes. No hay predisposición por sexo. Hasta el momento sólo se ha descrito como tal en el Pointer Alemán de pelo corto. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante examen clinico e histopatológico de biopsias cutáneas. El pronóstico es grave, pero se recomienda un tratamiento sintomático y con ácidos grasos. [Vroom, M.W., Theaker, M.J., Rest, J.R., White, S.D. Lupoid dermatosis in five German short‐haired pointers (Dermatosis lupoide en cinco perros Pointer alemán de pelo corto).

Abstract— Lupoid dermatosis of the German short‐haired pointer may be a genodermatosis, although the number of cases reported is low. The disease occurs in young dogs. There is no sex predisposition. Until now the disease has only been consistently described in the German short‐haired pointer. Diagnosis can be made by clinical examination together with histopathological examination of skin biopsies. The prognosis is usually poor, but fatty acid and symptomatic treatment should be attempted.
Equine Cutaneous Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: LITTLEWOOD JANET D. , WHITWELL KATHERINE E. , DAY MICHAEL J.
Published: March 2008

Résumé—Les commémoratifs, les symptômes, l'histologie et la réponse au traitement d'un cheval de 15 ans atteint de lymphome cutané sont décrits. La jument présente de multiples nodules cutanés depuis 11 ans. Un diagnostic de lymphome cutané est poséà l'examen histologique de biopsies réalisées 2 fois à 4 ans d'intervalle. Des marquages immunihistochimiques identifient ces cellules comme appartenant à la lignée T. Ceci est la première description du marquage immunophénotypique d'un lymphome cutané chez le cheval. La jument a été traitée par des glucorticoïdes intralésionnels et des progestagènes oraux ce qui a entrainé une régression complète des nodules.

Resumen—Describimos la historia clinica y los hallazgos clinicos e histológicos de un caballo de 15 años con un linfoma cutáneo. La yegua tenia una historia clinica de multiples nédules cutáneos en los últimos 11 años. Se diagnosticó un linfoma cutáneo mediante estudio histológico de dos biosias tomadas con unos cuatro años de separación. Tinciones inmunohistoquimicas ulteriores identificaron la linea celular de ünfocitosT.Este es el primer estudio que caracteriza el linfoma equino a nivel inmunofenotipico. La yegua fue tratada con glucocorticoides intralesionales y progestágenos orales, lo que resultó en curación total de los nódulos.

Abstract—The history, clinical and histological features and response to treatment of a 15‐year‐old horse with cutaneous lymphoma are described. The mare had an 11 year history of multiple cutaneous nodules. A diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma was made on histological examination of biopsy material taken on two separate occasions some 4 years apart. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining identified the cell lineage as T‐lymphocytes. This is the first report of immunophenotypic characterisation of cutaneous lymphoma in the horse. The horse was treated with intralesional glucocorticoids and oral progestins, and complete resolution of the nodules resulted.
Alopecia Mucinosa (Follicular Mucinosis) in a Dog
Authors: BELL ALLAN , OLIVER FERGUS
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A 10‐year‐old male Labrador Retriever dog presented with alopecia and scaling that was extensive in the head and limb regions and patchy over the trunk. The major histopathological feature was degeneration of the outer root sheath with disruption of keratinocytes and formation of cystic spaces filled with mucin. A diagnosis of follicular mucinosis was made. This case report represents the first case of this syndrome in the canine species.

Résumé— Un Labrador, mâle de 10 ans est présenté pour une alopécie squameuse, extensive, de la tête, des membres, et en “taches” sur le tronc. La lésion histopathologique principale est une dégénérescence de la gaine externe du poil avec dislocation des kératinocytes et la formation d'espaces kystiques remplis de mucine. Un diagnostic de mucinose folliculaire a été fait. Ce caqs est le premier décrit chez le chien. [Bell, A., Oliver, F. Alopecia mucinosa (follicular mucinosis) in a dog (Alopecia Mucinosa (mucinose folliculaire) chez un chien).
A Short‐tailed Demodectic Mite and Demodex canis Infestation in a Chihuahua Dog
Authors: CHEN CHARLES
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Infestation with short‐tailed demodectic mites and Demodex canis was diagnosed in an 8‐month‐old male Chihuahua dog. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecia and scaling on the ventral aspects of the chest, all four limbs, the ventral aspect of the neck and around the eyes. Both Demodex canis and a short‐tailed demodectic mite were observed on skin scrapings. After 4 months of amitraz dip treatments, skin scrapings were negative and hair regrowth appeared.

Résumé— Une infestation àDemodex (forme courte) et àDemodex canis est diagnostiquée sur un Chihuahua, mâle de 8 mois. Les lésions cutanées sont caractérisées par une alopécie squameuse du thorax, des quatre membres, du cou et autour des yeux. Les raclages cutanés montrent la présence de Demodex canis et de Demodex sp. (forme courte). Après 4 mois de traitement à l'amitraz, les raclages cutanés sont négatifs et une repousse des poils est observée. [Chen, C. A short‐tailed demodectic mite and Demodex canis infestation in a Chihuahua dog (Infestation àDemodex canis et à Demodex (forme courte) chez un Chihuahua).
Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd
Authors: YERUHAM ISRAEL , ELAD DANIEL , PERL SHMUEL , NYSKA ABRAHAM , VISHINSKY YGAL
Published: March 2008

Abstract  Impetigo and fürunculosis appeared in a dairy cattle herd in association with intensive showering of the lactating cows during the summer months. Heifers and dry cows in the same herd, as well as those in a neighbouring herd in the same village, which was not showered and served as a comparison herd, remained unaffected.

Skin lésions declined with the termination of showering. Only six animals [three cows (7.3%) and three first‐calving cows (20%)] had to be treated parenterally with antibiotics.

Resumen  En un rebafio de vacas de leche aparecieron cuadros de impetigo y fürunculosis asociados a las duchas frecuentes aplicadas durante los meses de verano a las vacas lactantes. Las novillas y vacas secas en el mismo rebaño, asi como las de un rebaño vecino de la misma localidad y que no recibian duchas fueron usadas como rebaño de comparación, no se vieron afectadas.

Las lesiones cutáneas remitieron al dejar de aplicar las duchas. Tan solo en seis animales [tres vacas (7, 3%) y tres vacas en primer parto (20%)] fue necesario aplicar una terapia parenteral con antibióticos. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Impetigo contagioso en un rebaño de vacas de leche). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 239–242.]

Résumé  Impétigo et füronculose se sont manifestés dans un troupeau laitier, en relation avec un douchage intensif des vaches allaitantes pendant les mois d'été. Les jeunes et les vaches taries du même troupeau, ainsi que celles d'un troupeau voisin du même village, non douchées et servant d'élément de comparaison, restèrent inaffectés.

Les lésions cutanées ont régressé dês la cessation des douchages. Seuls six animaux (trois vaches‐7, 3%‐et trois vaches primipares‐20%‐) durent etre traités par antibiothérapie parentérale. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Impétigo contagieux dans un troupeau de vaches laitières). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 239–242.]

Zusammenfassung  Eine Impetigo und Furunkulose trat bei einer Milchviehherde in Verbindung mit intensivem Abduschen bei den laktierenden Kühen während der Sommermonate auf. Färsen und trockenstehende Kühe in der selben Herde sowie die einer Nachbarherde im selben Ort, die nicht abgeduscht wurden und als Vergleichsgruppe dienten, blieben unverändert. Die Hautveränderungen reduzierten sich mit Beendigung des Abduschens. Nur sechs Tiere (drei Kühe (7, 3%) und drei Kalbinnen (20%)) mußten parenteral mit Antibiotika behandelt werden. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Ansteckende Impetigo bei einer Milchviehherde). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 239–242.]
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after pediatric liver transplantation: Characteristics and outcome
Authors: Fernández María C. , Bes David , De Dávila María , López Susana , Cambaceres Carlos , Dip Marcelo , Imventarza Oscar
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Purpose:  Post‐Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) is a life threatening complication in organ transplant recipients. Risk factors include primary Epstein‐Barr virus infection, intensity of immunosupression and cytomegalovirus infection.

Objectives:  To evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, histopathologic appearance and outcome of pediatric liver recipients with PTLD at our institution.

Method:  Retrospective, descriptive and observational analysis. Between November 1992 and December 2005, 383 liver transplants were performed. The diagnosis of PTLD was based on clinical history and physical examination and confirmed by histologic appearance and immunohistologic staining. Knowles’ classification was used for histopathologic diagnosis.

Results:  The incidence of PTLD was 5.7% (n: 22p). The average onset after tansplantation (OLT) was 24.9 months. Clinical manifestations were malaise, anorexia, fever of more than 3 days, peripheral adenopathy, tonsillar hypertrophy, abdominal mass, hepatosplenomegaly, snoring, interstitial pulmonary infiltrate, G.T.‐tract bleeding, rash, submaxilar mass. Histopathologic diagnosis were Plasmocytic Hyperplasia (n: 10), Polymorphic Lymphoproliferative Disorder (n: 8), Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (n: 4). Mortality was 18%.

Conclusion:  The clinical presentations were protean and not specific. A high index of suspicion is important for early diagnosis as it correlates with more benign lesions and more favorable outcume. The lower mortality rate in our series is concordant with that reported in more recent articles.
Is Xylem Embolism and Refilling Involved in the Rapid Wilting and Recovery of Plants Following Root Cooling and Rewarming?
Authors: Berndt M.‐L , McCully Margaret E. , Canny M. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Rapid wilting and subsequent rapid recovery of the shoots of plants whose roots are cooled and rewarmed (first described by Sachs, 1860[23]), has been investigated by cryo‐scanning electron microscopy. Squash plants began to wilt within 5 min and were completely wilted 1 h after their roots were placed in nutrient solution at 4d̀C. Recovery began in 5 min and was complete by 45 min when the roots were returned to solution at 22d̀C. Some stomata on the abaxial leaf surface remained fully or partially open in the wilted plants and transpiration continued at a low level. Both control and wilted plants had the same proportion (60%) of large root vessels partially or totally gas‐filled, showing that the supply of water was not limited by the reduction of axial hydraulic conductance due to vessel embolism. However, only 10% of these embolized vessels in the wilted plants contained any liquid, compared to ≅ 80% of similar vessels in control and recovered plants. This is visual evidence of reduced radial hydraulic conductance into the vessels in the cold roots, and that this reduced conductance, together with still open‐stomata, produces wilting. These effects were reversed by rewarming.
Nectary Structure, Nectar Secretion Patterns and Nectar Composition in Two Helleborus Species
Authors: Vesprini J. L. , Nepi M. , Pacini E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The morphological and cytological characteristics of nectaries of Helleborus foetidus and H. bocconei during the secretory period are reported. The nectaries are derived from modified petals and secrete nectar continuously for about 20 days; they consist of a single layered epidermis, nectar‐producing parenchyma and photosynthesizing parenchyma. Nectar secretion is holocrine and the nectar is released by rupture of the wall and cuticle of each epidermal cell. The nectaries of the two species differ in number and external morphology. In H. foetidus, secretion begins before anthesis and secretion rate decreases with nectary age. In H. bocconei it begins on the day of anthesis and proceeds at a constant rate. The nectar has a high sugar content, mainly sucrose, and also contains lipids and proteins.
Do Conversational Gutturals Help Florida Scrub‐Jays Coordinate Their Sentinel Behavior?
Authors: Bednekoff Peter A. , Bowman Reed , Woolfenden Glen E.
Published: March 2008

Florida scrub‐jays, Aphelocoma coerulescens, perform sentinel behavior in which individuals alternate bouts of watchfulness with little overlap. We examined how calls might facilitate sentinel coordination. Small soft calls labeled conversational gutturals were heard more often from sentinels than from foraging birds. Calls occurred infrequently throughout sentinel bouts but were more common later in bouts. The pattern of calling does not match predictions for a ‘watchman’s song’ at regular intervals nor for a signal at the end of a sentinel bout. Thus, our quantitative assessment of calling by sentinels did not find support for either standard hypothesis. Although Florida scrub‐jays clearly have information on each other’s sentinel behavior, our results suggest that calls provide perhaps a fraction of this information.
Carotenoid‐Based Plumage Coloration Predicts Leukocyte Parameters during the Breeding Season in Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis)
Authors: Maney Donna L. , Davis Andrew K. , Goode Christopher T. , Reid Allison , Showalter Christopher
Published: March 2008

Dichromatism in songbirds is often associated with polygyny and dimorphic parental investment, and is thought to arise via sexual selection. Northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) are not only dichromatic but also monogamous and biparental, suggesting that plumage coloration in this species may serve different functions than in more typical dichromatic species. In order to explore the role of sexual selection in the evolution of plumage coloration in cardinals, we used reflectance spectrophotometry to investigate whether two carotenoid‐based ornaments, the male’s red breast and the female’s underwing coverts, contain information that potential mates or competitors could use to assess condition. We found that whereas coloration was not related to body condition (measured as the residual body mass from a regression of body mass on wing chord), more saturated carotenoid coloration was associated with higher heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in males, and with higher white blood cell counts in females. Thus, in both sexes, carotenoid coloration was positively linked to immune measures normally associated with higher levels of stress and infection. These results do not indicate that carotenoid‐based coloration functions as a signal of low levels of stress or disease in this species. We propose instead that because plumage coloration may be related to competitiveness, the more saturated individuals increase their risk of injury, stress, and infection by engaging in more competitive behavior or by secreting more testosterone, or both. Our finding that carotenoid pigmentation is positively associated in males with the size of the cloacal protuberance, an androgen‐sensitive sex character, supports this hypothesis.
Seasonal Changes of Vocal Rates and Their Relation to Territorial Status in Male Galápagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki)
Authors: Kunc Hansjoerg P. , Wolf Jochen B. W.
Published: March 2008

Male vocal displays play an important role in sexual selection through both male–male competition and female choice. While this is supported by numerous studies in birds, much less attention has been paid to the role of such displays in mammals. We investigated the function of vocal displays in a polygynous mammal, the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki). In our study population a large proportion of mature males are unable to establish a territory, providing the opportunity to compare the vocal behaviour between territorial and non‐territorial males. We examined how seasonal patterns of vocalizations differed between territorial and non‐territorial males and how the number of females present in a territory influenced behaviour of territorial males. We found that territorial males vocalized at higher rates than non‐territorial males, and territorial males vocalized more at the onset than towards the end of territory tenure. During the onset of territory‐tenure vocalizations of territorial males were directed more often towards other males than females. Furthermore, we found that vocalizations of territorial males were not only given in male–male interactions, but were also actively directed towards females. Territorial males vocalized at higher rates when more females were present in their territory. Our results suggest that vocalizations are important in male–male interactions, are relevant in territorial disputes and are used as a proxy for females to assess a male’s quality.
Feeding value of enset (Ensete ventricosum), Desmodium intortum hay and untreated or urea and calcium oxide treated wheat straw for sheep
Authors: Nurfeta A. , Tolera A. , Eik L. O. , Sundstøl F.
Published: March 2008

Feed intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization were evaluated in male sheep fed different fractions (leaf, pseudostem, corm, whole plant) of enset, untreated or 2% urea‐ and 3% calcium oxide‐ (CaO or lime) treated wheat straw and Desmodium intortum hay as sole diets. All feeds, except D. intortum hay and enset leaf had low crude protein (CP) content. Non‐fiber carbohydrate contents were higher in enset fractions, especially in pseudostem and corm relative to other feeds. Enset leaf and pseudostem had high calcium, phosphorus and manganese contents. Corm, whole enset and D. intortum hay were rich sources of zinc. Daily dry matter and CP intakes were higher (p < 0.05) in sheep fed D. intortum hay (830 and 133 g, respectively) than those fed pseudostem (92 and 7.8 g, respectively). Organic matter digestibilities were highest for corm (0.780) and whole enset (0.776) and lowest for D. intortum hay (0.534) and untreated wheat straw (0.522). The CP digestibility ranged from 0.636 in D. intortum hay to 0.408 in corm. Nitrogen (N) balance was highest (p < 0.05) in D. intortum hay (10.4 g/day) and lowest in corm (−1.3 g/day). Enset leaf could be a useful protein supplement whereas the pseudostem and corm could be good sources of energy.
Influence of rumen escape starch on pancreatic exocrine secretion of goats
Authors: Xu M. , Du S. , Wang J. , Yu Z. P. , Harmon D. L. , Yao J. H.
Published: March 2008

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of rumen escape starch (RES), accomplished by altering dietary starch concentrations on pancreatic exocrine secretion of goats. Four goats (36.8 ± 3.2 kg) with common bile duct re‐entrant and duodenal catheters were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Goats were fed diets containing 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% starch. Periods consisted of 10 day adaptation followed by 3 day of sample collection. Juice was collected in 1‐h fractions continuously for 72 h. Total juice secreted was recorded, and 3% sub samples were retained to form a composite sample. The remaining fluid was returned to the duodenum. Juice composite samples were analyzed for activities of α‐amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase. Secretion of pancreatic α‐amylase was lower (p < 0.05) when comparing lambs fed 20% starch diet with 30%, 40% and 50% starch diets. Lipase secretion was greater (p < 0.05) in lambs fed 40% starch diet compared with the other diets. Total secretion of juice, trypsin and chymotrypin was not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary starch concentration. Rumen escape starch increased with increasing dietary starch concentration (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that increasing RES results in a quadratic increase (p < 0.05) in pancreatic α‐amylase and lipase secretion, and the secretion of α‐amylase and lipase is maximum when RES is 113 and 83 g/day respectively. These results suggest that optimal RES for pancreatic secretion of α‐amylase and lipase is 80–110 g/day in adult goats.
Differences in biological and behavioural characteristics of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) according to colour patterns of elytra
Authors: Seo M. J. , Kim G. H. , Youn Y. N.
Published: March 2008

Samples of overwintering populations of Harmonia axyridis were classified into five colour patterns, succinea 1, succinea 2, conspicua, spectabilis and axyridis. Generally, the succinea 1 colour pattern was dominant at six collecting sites in Daejon and Chungnam provinces of Korea and their occurrence proportion was over 50%. Non‐melanic forms such as succinea 1 and 2 were noted in about 90% of collected individuals. On the other hand, conspicua and spectabilis as melanic forms were dominant in the laboratory. One hypothesis is that the difference between field and laboratory populations is related to non‐random mating and environmental conditions. Practically, in mate‐choice experiments, most colour pattern ladybirds seemed to mate with the melanic form, especially the conspicua form. The body size (length) of H. axyridis in colour patterns was slightly different, but in females, there was no significant difference among colour patterns. However, both lengths of males were significantly different among colour patterns. In reproductive ability (fecundity), there was no difference among colour patterns.
Response of ground‐dwelling arthropods to a ‘push–pull’ habitat management system: spiders as an indicator group
Authors: Midega C. A. O. , Khan Z. R. , Van Den Berg J. , Ogol C. K. P. O. , Dippenaar‐Schoeman A. S. , Pickett J. A. , Wadhams L. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract Studies were conducted to assess the numerical response of ground‐dwelling arthropods to a habitat management system (‘push–pull’) developed to control maize stemborers using spiders (Araneae) as an indicator group. In this cropping system, maize is intercropped with a stemborer moth‐repellent (push) plant while an attractant trap crop (pull) is planted around this intercrop. Two study sites in western Kenya and one site at the Grain Crops Institute of the Agricultural Research Council in Potchefstroom, South Africa, were sampled. Treatments comprised a maize monocrop and an intercrop of maize and desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum Jacq., with Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach), as a trap crop around the field (‘push–pull’) in each site. Experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications at each site. Ground‐dwelling spiders were sampled using a combination of pitfall traps and soil samples. A total of 2175 spiders, 78 species in 18 families, were recovered in Kenya and 284 spiders, 34 species in nine families, were recovered in South Africa. Lycosidae was the most abundant family, accounting for >50% of all individual spiders and 27.6% by species richness. Spiders were significantly more abundant at the Kenyan sites than in South Africa while species diversity was significantly higher in South Africa than at the Kenyan sites. At all sites, spider abundance was significantly higher in the ‘push–pull’ than in the maize monocrop plots. However, the overall spider diversity was only significantly higher in the ‘push–pull’ than in the maize monocrop plots in South Africa. Moreover, species dominance did not differ between the two cropping systems at all sites. The results showed that the ‘push–pull’ system evidently enhances overall abundance of spiders, illustrating its potential in further pest control in the maize agroecosystems where spiders may often be one of the most important predatory groups.
Validation of a novel resistance monitoring technique for corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and event DAS‐59122‐7 maize
Authors: Nowatzki T. M. , Lefko S. A. , Binning R. R. , Thompson S. D. , Spencer T. A. , Siegfried B. D.
Published: March 2008

Rootworm control tactics have recently expanded to include transgenic maize, which express insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to reduce larval injury and protect yield potential. Exceptional root protection, increased grower efficiency and improved safety have led to rapid adoption of this technology in the USA. As a result, there is a recognized need for resistance management programmes aimed at delaying rootworm resistance. An essential component of resistance management programmes is the development and implementation of effective resistance monitoring techniques. Five test populations of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) were used to evaluate the sensitivity of two techniques used to describe population susceptibility to the Bt proteins expressed in event DAS‐59122‐7 maize: a diet bioassay employing purified proteins applied to artificial diet and a novel technique using sub‐lethal measures of larval development on seedling maize. Test populations included Rochelle‐US, an unselected susceptible colony, three populations composed of 5%, 25% or 50% Rochelle‐S mixed with Rochelle‐US, and the Rochelle‐S selected colony. Rochelle‐S was derived from the same founding population as Rochelle‐US, but selected for survival on DAS‐59122‐7 maize. Selections identified a minor trait conferring increased tolerance, and greenhouse plant efficacy evaluations confirmed that after 10 generations of selection with no random mating, Rochelle‐S caused significantly more root injury to DAS‐59122‐7 than Rochelle‐US. Rochelle‐S present at 5% of the test population resulted in measurable but not significant increase in injury to DAS‐59122‐7 maize. The diet bioassay was relatively insensitive to the susceptibility differences between the Rochelle‐US and Rochelle‐S populations. Neither LC50 nor EC50 estimates produced statistically significant differentiation between test populations with 0%, 5%, 25% or 50% Rochelle‐S. The sub‐lethal assay clearly identified differences between Rochelle‐S and Rochelle‐US and an increased rate of larval development was measurable when the test population contained only 5% of Rochelle‐S.
Identification and Characterization of a Potyvirus Isolated from Siratro Plants
Authors: Regatieri L. J. , Gaspar J. O. , Belintani P. , Yuki V. A.
Published: March 2008

The present work describes the identification and characterization of a potyvirus isolated from siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.) in the north‐west region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The virus was transmitted by mechanical inoculation. Its host range was restricted mainly to members of the Fabaceae. A cDNA fragment of about 930 bp was amplified by RT/PCR, cloned and sequenced. The fragment, which included the coat protein gene, had amino acid identity percentages between 88 and 98% with isolates of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the siratro potyvirus and BCMV isolates in 99% of the replicates, including Azuki mosaic virus, Dendrobium mosaic virus, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and Peanut stripe virus, which have been classified as BCMV strains. This is the first citation on the presence of BCMV in siratro plants in Brazil.