bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Miller Ryan , Higuera Carlos A. , Wu Janet , Klika Alison , Babic Maja , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: July 2020

» A team approach among orthopaedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and patients is of paramount importance when treating periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Treatment usually includes various surgical approaches along with antibiotic treatment.

» Antibiotic selection requires a multifactorial decision that depends on the organism that is identified, its antibiotic-resistance profile, the extent of the infection, and factors associated with the host.

» Antibiotic duration is dependent on surgical intervention and the type of organism. Typically, patients are treated for 6 weeks after debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) and for 4 to 6 weeks after single-stage and 2-stage revision arthroplasty.

» Levofloxacin in combination with rifampin has shown favorable outcomes for Staphylococcus PJI treatment. Quinolones have excellent bioavailability and bone and joint concentrations. Ciprofloxacin can be used for sensitive gram-negative infections.

» Evidence is emerging that supports the use of oral antibiotics after 7 days of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of PJI. Although this should be considered carefully, it can potentially alleviate the burden on patients and caregivers, with fewer intravenous lines and the potential for fewer complications.
Giant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Rashba superlattices
Authors: Ham Woo-Seung , Pradipto Abdul-Muizz , Yakushiji Kay , Kim Kwangsu , Rhim Sonny , Nakamura Kohji , Shiota Yoichi , Kim Sanghoon , Ono Teruo
Published: July 2020

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is considered as one of the most important energy for specific chiral texture such as magnetic skyrmions. The key of generating DMI is absence of structural inversion symmetry and exchange energy with spin-orbit coupling. Therefore, a vast majority of researches about DMI is mainly limited to heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayer systems, only focusing on their interfaces. Here, we report that asymmetric band formation in an artificial superlattice arises from inversion symmetry breaking in stacking order of atomic layers, resulting in bulk DMI. Such bulk DMI is more than 300% larger than simple sum of interfacial contribution. Moreover, the asymmetric band is largely affected by strong spin-orbit coupling, showing crucial role of a heavy metal even in the non-interfacial origin of DMI. Such Rashba superlattices can be a new class of material design for spintronics applications.
Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT Images Acquired with a Reduced Scan Time Duration in Lymphoma Patients using the Digital Biograph Vision
Authors: Weber Manuel , Jentzen Walter , Hofferber Regina , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang Peter , Rischpler Christoph , Umutlu Lale , Conti Maurizio , Costa Pedro Fragoso , Sra Miriam , Kersting David
Published: July 2020

Background: The superior accuracy and sensitivity of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in comparison to morphological imaging alone leads to an upstaging in up to 30 % of lymphoma patients. Novel digital PET/CT scanners might enable to reduce administered tracer activity or scan time duration while maintaining diagnostic performance; this might allow for a higher patient throughput or a reduced radiation exposure, respectively. In particular, the radiation exposure reduction is of interest due to the often young age and high remission rate of lymphoma patients.Methods: Twenty patients with (suspected) lymphoma (6 for initial staging, 12 after systemic treatment, 2 in suspicion of recurrence) sequentially underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT examinations on a digital PET/CT (Siemens Biograph Vision) with a total scan time duration of 15 minutes (reference acquisition protocol) and 5 minutes (reduced acquisition protocol) using continuous-bed-motion. Both data sets were reconstructed using either standalone time of flight (TOF) or in combination with point spread function (PSF), each with 2 and 4 iterations. Lesion detectability by blinded assessment (separately for supra- and infradiaphragmal nodal lesions and for extranodal lesions), lesion image quantification, and image noise were used as metrics to assess diagnostic performance. Additionally, Deauville Score was compared for all patients after systemic treatment.Results: All defined regions were correctly classified in the images acquired with reduced emission time, and therefore, no changes in staging were observed. Lesion quantification was acceptable, that is, mean absolute percentage deviation of maximum and peak standardized uptake values were 6.8% and 6.4% (derived from 30 lesions). A threefold reduction of scan time duration led to an increase in image noise from 7.1% to 11.0% (images reconstructed with 4 iterations) and from 4.7% to 7.2% (images reconstructed with 2 iterations). No deviations in Deauville Score were observed.Conclusion: These results suggest that scan time duration or administered tracer activity can be reduced threefold without compromising diagnostic performance. Especially a reduction of administered activity might allow for a lower radiation exposure and better health economics. Larger trials are warranted to confirm our results.
A National Survey of attitudes to COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: O'Callaghan Michael Edmund , Buckley Jim , Fitzgerald Brian , Johnson Kevin , Laffey John , McNicholas Bairbre , Nuseibeh Bashar , O'Keeffe Derek , O'Keeffe Ian , Razzaq Abdul , Rekaner Kaavya , Richardson Ita , Simpkin Andrew , Storni Cristiano , Tsvyatkova Damyanka , Walsh Jane , Welsh Thomas , Glynn Liam
Published: July 2020

Background: Contact tracing remains a critical part of controlling the spread of COVID-19. Many countries have developed novel software applications (Apps) in an effort to augment traditional contact tracing methods. Aim: To conduct a national survey of the Irish population to examine barriers and levers to the use of a contact tracing App.Methods: Adult participants were invited to respond via an online survey weblink sent via email and messaging Apps and posted on our university website and on popular social media platforms. Results: A total of 8,088 responses were received, with all 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland represented. 54% of respondents said they would definitely download a contact tracing App, while 30% said they would probably download a contact tracing App. 95% of respondents identified at least one reason for them to download the App, with the most common reasons being the potential for the App to help family members and friends and a sense of responsibility to the wider community. 59% identified at least one reason not to download the App, with the most common reasons being fear that technology companies or the government might use the App technology for greater surveillance after the pandemic.Conclusion: Irish citizens surveyed express high levels of willingness to download a public health-backed App to augment contact tracing. Concerns raised regarding privacy and data security will be critical if the App is to achieve the large-scale adoption and ongoing use required for its effective operation.
Promote social distancing and prevent panic buying during the epidemic of COVID-19: The contributions of people’s psychological and behavioural factors
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Zhou Ronggang
Published: July 2020

Objectives COVID-19 disease has progressed to the level of a global pandemic. This study aimed to investigate people’s psychological and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 epidemic and explore the predictors for social distancing and panic buying.Methods A 17-item questionnaire was developed and distributed randomly to people using social media. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to assess people’s psychological and behavioural responses. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the predictive effects of psychological and behavioural variables on reports of social distancing and panic buying, respectively.Results Respondents reported a low degree of risk perception and risk beliefs towards being outside and had moderate psychological stress and positive guarding behaviours for being outside. Respondents reported high concern regarding COVID-19 and tended to keep social distancing during the epidemic. They would panic-purchase food and supplies. In addition, psychological stress emerged as a very strong predictor for reporting COVID-19 concerns and panic buying. Furthermore, reported concerns of COVID-19 information sharing had a significant predictive influence on panic buying of food. Guarding behaviours for being outside had a significant predictive effect on respondents reported social distancing of cancelling outings. Reported concerns of COVID-19 were stronger predictors for reported social distancing.Conclusion It is important to relieve people’s psychological stress and reduce information sharing to control panic buying. In addition, we should promote adoption of guarding behaviours for being outside and increase the concerns of COVID-19 to encourage people keep social distancing. Measures should be implemented according to the characteristics of the population.
Do lifestyle choices influence the development of overweight and obesity in the South African Air Force?
Authors: Haasbroek Carina , Lategan-Potgieter Ronette , Rooyen Cornel Van , Jordaan Marizeth
Published: July 2020

Background: An increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported globally amongst the general public as well as military populations around the world. No information about the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the lifestyle choices that influence the development is available for the South African military population. The aim of this study was too determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity at Air Force Base Bloemspruit in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, as well as the dietary and lifestyle factors and physical activity which may play a role in the development thereof. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on active military personnel, by taking anthropometric measurements and collecting data using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A high prevalence of overweight (38.6%) and obesity (36.1%) was identified in the study population. No significant associations were detected between lifestyle factors or physical activity and body mass index (BMI). The majority of participants (59.6%) consumed three meals per day. Meal frequency did not differ between different BMI categories, and no associations were found between meal frequency and being overweight or obese. Inadequate intakes of fruit and vegetables were observed. Conclusion: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in this study, which calls for urgent intervention. No associations were, however found between dietary and lifestyle factors and the presence of overweight and/or obesity. Further investigation is required to identify the causes of overweight and obesity and effective ways to address this health challenge.
Obesity as a risk factor for unfavourable outcomes in critically ill patients affected by Covid-19 related respiratory failure: clinical relevance and potential pathophysiological mechanism.
Authors: Rossi Andrea P , Gottin Leonardo , Donadello Katia , Schweiger Vittorio , Nocini Riccardo , Taiana Matteo , Zamboni Mauro , Polati Enrico
Published: July 2020

Background/Objectives: Recent studies show that obesity is a risk factor for hospital admission and for critical care need in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).The aim was to determine whether obesity is a risk factor for unfavourable health outcomes in patients affected by COVID-19 admitted to ICU and to compare the observed trend of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), as potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking disease severity with Body Mass Index (BMI).Subjects/Methods: 95 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (78 males and 18 females) were admitted to ICU and included in the study. Height, weight, BMI, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, CRP, CPK, as well as ICU and hospital length of stay and comorbidities were evaluated. Results: Participants with obesity had a lower 28 day survival rate from ICU admission than normal weight subjects. Cox proportional hazard model-derived estimates, adjusted for age, gender and comorbidity, confirmed the results of the survival analysis (HR:5.30,95%C.I.1.26-22.34). In the full adjusted model, age was independently associated with mortality (HR:1.13,95%C.I:1.05-1.21).Obese subjects showed longer hospital and ICU stay as compared with normal weight counterpart.Subjects with obesity showed significantly higher CRP and CPK levels than normal weight subjects.Conclusions: Our study shows that in COVID-19 subjects admitted to ICU obesity is a risk factor for unfavourable health outcomes with higher mortality and longer hospital stay. The increase in CRP and CPK levels observed in this population could at least in part explain the unfavourable outcomes observed in individuals with obesity. In those subjects, careful management of any medical signs or symptoms and prompt intervention in case of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary to prevent the progression of the disease towards severe outcomes and the increase of hospital treatment costs.
Insight into the secret of how indigo naturalis works: in vitro and in vivo validation of the critical role of bile­
Authors: Xu xiaorong , Ran Fei , He Yanan , Gou Huamei , Liao Wei , Wang Fang , Yang Ming , Han Li , Zhang Dingkun
Published: July 2020

Background: Indigo Naturalis (IN) has positive therapeutic effects on cancer, leukemia, colitis, psoriasis, fever and other diseases that seriously endanger human health. It contains 10% organic matter and 90% inorganic matter with extremely hydrophobic. However, the clinical usage of IN is mainly by oral administration. And how IN exerts its effect after oral administration is still a secret remained to be discovered. Methods: In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The vitro experiments simulate the in vivo process of IN by different digestive fluid and the effects of a small amount and normal amount of bile on the organic and inorganic matter release of IN were compared. And the surface morphology and elements of IN in different solutions were also observed. In addition, 2, 4-dinitrophenol-induced fever rat model was also used to investigate the intervention effect of IN on the fever of normal rats and bile duct ligation rats. Results: It was found that bile plays an important role in promoting the carrier dissolution and release of inorganic and organic matters from IN. And IN had better antipyretic effect on normal rats than on bile duct ligation rats, which further proved that bile is important to the curative effect of IN. Conclusions: The results indicate that the calcium carbonate carrier translates into a slightly soluble state in the acidic simulated gastric fluid. And a small amount of organic matter was released from the calcium carbonate carrier. When IN entering the simulated intestinal fluid which mixed with bile, a large amount of carrier dissolved, and organic substances such as indirubin dissolved out in large quantities, thereby being absorbed into the blood and exerting therapeutic effect. The above findings have certain guiding significance for the clinical application of IN. For patients with insufficient bile secretion such as cholangiotomy, oral IN may have poor curative effect and even doesn't work.
Photo-driven CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons: Carbon Flux and Energy Transforming by Marine Microbial Community
Authors: Xia Wenjie , Chen Rui , Li Yang , Ma John , Tang Yongchun , Ma Ting
Published: July 2020

Background: Microbial activities play a crucial role in the carbon and energy cycle of the ocean. Microbial communities in the MCP has been proposed the function of transforming carbon, yet the potential for direct CO 2 reduction to the organic carbon is rarely considered in the carbon cycle and energy transforming. Results: Here we showed a naturally inherent photo-driven bioprocess of CO 2 reduction producing C 1 -C 6 alkanes/alkenes by the marine microbial community with CO 2 consumption rate of 100.87 uM day -1 . Upon the metabolite profiles and metagenomic sequencing analysis, we revealed the mechanism of CO 2 conversion to hydrocarbons that CO 2 fixation was dominantly completed with the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and Wood-Ljungdahl cycle, while nitrogenases, aldehyde decarbonylase and carboxylic acid reductase played the crucial roles on the hydrocarbon formations. As these insights, the pathway of CO 2 to hydrocarbons was proposed. Isolated microorganisms from the enriched community, including Pseudomonas sp. , Serratia sp. , Candidatus sp. , Clostridium sp. , Enterococcus sp ., Salmonella sp. , Rhodospirillum sp. , Thalassospira sp. , Thioclava sp. , Stenotrophomonas sp. and Desulfovibrio sp., were tentatively integrated for validating the hypothesized process. Results exhibited that the improved performance of CO 2 reduction to hydrocarbons was achieved by this group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a natural microbial CO 2 reduction process contributing to the carbon and energy cycle in the ocean, and could provide a microbial “CO 2 -hydrogenation process” or “fischer-tropsch process” for industrial application.
Efficacy of treatment of extensive drug resistant tuberculosis in patients with different genotypes in the biotransformation enzyme genes of CYP2B6 and NAT2
Authors: Yunusbаevа M. M. , Borodinа L. Ya. , Bilаlov F. S. , Shаripov R. A. , Nаsibullin T. R. , Yunusbаev B. B.
Published: July 2020

The objective of the study: to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in patients with different genotypes in the biotransformation system NAT2 (rs1041983, rs1799930, rs1799931, rs1801280) and CYP2B6 genes (rs3745274).

Subjects and methods. The study involved patients undergoing in-patient treatment at Republican Clinical TB Dispensary in Ufa from 2016 to 2018. XDR TB group included 210 people; the control group included 343 healthy donors. Molecular genetic analysis was performed on DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genotyping of polymorphic loci was carried out by kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP).

Results. It was revealed that polymorphic loci rs1799931 of NAT2 gene and rs3745274 of CYP2B6 gene were associated with the risk of developing XDR TB. Regression analysis detected combinations of the predictor genotypes of rs1799931*G/A × rs3745274*G/T and rs1799931*G/G × rs37455274*(G/G+T/T), that significantly reduce efficacy of XDR TB treatment.
A clinical case of successful combined treatment of a patient with fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis and extensive drug resistance
Authors: Golubchikov P. N. , Schegertsov D. Yu. , Melnikovа T. I. , Krаsnov D. V. , Skvortsov D. A. , Grischenko N. G.
Published: July 2020

The article describes a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with disseminated bilateral fibrous cavernous tuberculosis and extensive drug resistance, with preserved sensitivity to only one anti-tuberculosis drug; the fifth chemotherapy regimen and pleuropneumonectomy were used.
Composição e moralidade do melhor dos mundos em Leibniz
Authors: Chagas Ferreira de Souza André
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a filosofia de Leibniz a respeito do processo que culminou na sua tese sobre o melhor dos mundos elaborado por Deus. Na sua fase de juventude, o filósofo considerou que a construção da obra divina se deu a partir da combinação de partes elementares, denominadas requisitos. Todavia, esse simples modelo de arquitetura aproximava Leibniz perigosamente do espinosismo, de modo que o fato de Deus ser a sede e onde se daria a combinação dos requisitos de maneira exclusiva o colocavam como única fonte da realidade e de todos os fatos no mundo, inclusive daquilo que existe de mal. Evitar esse problema teológico motivou Leibniz na elaboração de uma ontologia mais sofisticada, fazendo com que surgisse a noção das substâncias individuais, dotadas de certa independência ontológica, ainda que precisassem de Deus para se tornarem reais. Essa nova concepção de seres criados permitiu não apenas a distinção entre as ações de Deus e de suas criaturas, mas também realizou a mudança na concepção de Leibniz sobre quais seriam as unidades últimas da obra divina e na forma de ele pensar a combinação entre as partes desse plano.  

Palavras-chave: Mundo; Razão; Causa; Vontade.
Expectativa dos concluintes de ciências contábeis em relação ao mercado de trabalho
Authors: Costa Silva Glauciane , Pereira Cleber Augusto
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as expectativas dos alunos concluintes de uma universidade pública no sudoeste do Maranhão em relação ao mercado de trabalho, suas visões sobre as exigências do mercado, as habilidades e as competências exigidas na atuação profissional.
Metodologia: A metodologia empregada teve por base a pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa através de uma survey com perguntas predominantemente fechadas aplicando a escala Likert. Investigaram-se formandos (n=70), com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Predominantemente homens e mulheres com idade entre 20 e 55 anos. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados nas salas de aula e tratados com o auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS 22 e do Excel, possibilitando a construção dos gráficos para análise.
Resultados: Quanto à expectativa profissional, após a conclusão do curso, existe uma variação entre as diversas áreas de atuação, porém a maior parte afirmou ter interesse em prestar concursos e trabalhar em órgãos públicos. A maioria dos concluintes, 95,70% concordaram que o contador precisa manter-se atualizado para permanecer atuante no mercado. Os achados da pesquisa apresentaram incertezas dos concluintes sobre estarem preparados para atuação no mercado de trabalho.
Contribuições do estudo: A pesquisa apresenta a visão dos alunos concludentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis em relação ao mercado, apresentando informações que visam contribuir para uma reflexão quanto ao percurso acadêmico na área contábil. Para novas pesquisas sugere-se expandir a população para outras instituições de forma que seja realizado um comparativo entre as expectativas profissionais dos alunos de diferentes universidades.
Returns on the federal public banks versus the opportunity cost of funds invested by the National Treasury
Authors: Cristiano Rocha Campos  , José Alves Dantas  , Carlos André de Melo Alves
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether the yields earned by the federal public banks remunerate the National Treasury to a enough degree, to cover the opportunity cost of the capital invested by the Federal Government, which is defined as the benchmark Selic base interest rate.
Methodology: This involved using four different metrics for the return on economic capital invested by the Treasury, on the basis of the balance sheets  of the Banco do Brasil (BB), Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) [National Bank of Economic and Social Development], Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB) and Banco da Amazônia (BASA), from 2002 to 2018.
Results: The empirical comparison of parametric and nonparametric tests revealed that, on the whole, the federal public banks offered economic returns that were higher than the fundraising costs of the National Treasury. On the other hand, when examined individually, the results were as follows: i) the BB and CEF, that have retailing practices, achieve results that are consistently better than Selic; ii) despite their higher nominal returns, BNDES and BNB, did not  record a statistically significant difference; and iii) BASA recorded returns that were lower than the opportunity cost.
Contributions made by this study: The results of this study have led to a better understanding of the relations between the National Treasury, and public financial institutions, with the reservation that they are not restricted to the economic/financial factors of this relationship and do not cover making inferences or dimensional testing such as efficiency or priority claims in the application of public funds.
DESGASTE DENTINÁRIO SELETIVO ASSOCIADO À PINO DE FIBRA DE VIDRO
Authors: Lopes Ribeiro Pessoa Vitória , Queiroz de Melo Monteiro Gabriela , Gomes de Oliveira Natália , Espíndola-Castro Luís Felipe
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Pigmentação dentinária intrínseca pode comprometer a estética do sorriso e causar constrangimento ao sorrir. Essas manchas podem ser resultado da presença de materiais restauradores na coroa após tratamento endodôntico, hemorragia intracoronária, decomposição de detritos intrapulpares, medicamentos de uso intracanal e materiais obturadores. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de desgaste dentinário seletivo associado à restauração com resina composta e pino de fibra de vidro. Método: paciente do gênero masculino, 23 anos, buscou atendimento odontológico queixando-se de pigmentação dentária no incisivo central após tratamento endodôntico e restauração classe IV de resina composta escurecida. Constatada a normalidade do tratamento endodôntico, iniciou-se o tratamento. Foi removida com pontas diamantadas e acesso palatino toda pigmentação que comprometia a estética do sorriso, bem como a restauração em resina composta de cor e forma insatisfatória. Na sequência, após isolamento absoluto, o canal foi desobturado preservando 4mm de material obturador apical. Foi realizada limpeza do conduto e coroa com pasta de pedra pomes e água, aplicação de ácido fosfórico 37% (15s em dentina e 30s em esmalte), lavagem com spray de água e ar e secagem. Foi aplicado na coroa e no conduto adesivo universal e remoção dos excessos com cones de papel absorvente e polimerização (20s). Na sequência, o canal foi preenchido com cimento resinoso dual, e o pino de fibra de vidro foi inserido com inserção única. Por fim, a restauração foi realizada com resina composta de cor compatível com o remanescente e posteriormente acabamento e polimento. Conclusões: O desgaste dentinário seletivo associado à restauração em resina composta com pino de fibra de vidro favoreceu a devolução estética e funcional ao elemento dentário.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMA (ABP) NA FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE:UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Luiz do Nascimento Jânio , Raiane Silva Vieira Natália , Priscila Carvalho da Silva Rafaela , Costa Maia Monteiro Vinícius , Ramalho Silverio Zacarias , Wágner Holanda Lima Mariel , Da Conceição Lima Alves Maria , Christiane de Azevedo Machado Flávia , Cybele Santos Lima Jônia
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Em contra ponto ao pregado por Flexner, nos últimos anos tem se evidenciado a necessidade e o desafio da implementação de novas metodologias no ensino, que consigam responder as mudanças tecnológicas, sociais e culturais. Neste cenário, as metodologias ativas vêm se destacando ao colocar o discente no centro do aprendizado, tornando-o parte integral e essencial desse processo. Dentre essas metodologias, está a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Essa metodologia busca o ensino a partir da solução de problemas, mediante análise em grupo, utilizando-se de conhecimentos previamente adquiridos, facilitando a retenção do conhecimento e a valorização do trabalho em equipe. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de discentes de cursos da área da saúde no desenvolvimento de um caso e sua aplicação no formato de uma Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, com a construção e execução de um caso utilizando a metodologia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas por alunos de cursos da saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN na disciplina de Teoria Geral das Organizações.  Resultados: Durante a criação e execução do caso, os alunos puderam fazer uso de diversas técnicas para construir em conjunto ações de enfrentamento ao caso apresentado, como a técnica de Braisntorming, o Diagrama de Causa-Efeito, construção de critérios utilizando materiais do Ministério da Saúde, consultando profissionais do serviço em busca de estratégias viáveis para esses profissionais como forma de validação. Conclusões: A criação e execução desse caso foram de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento de uma visão crítica de forma ampliada pelos discentes envolvidos, sendo consenso que a fixação do conteúdo estudado foi maior que se utilizada uma metodologia tradicional de ensino, de acordo com o que foi encontrado na literatura que trata sobre a utilização de metodologias ativas e da própria Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas.
PERCEPÇÃO DA MULHER FRENTE À DOR DO PARTO
Authors: Da Costa Firmino Klecianne , Priscila de Lima Elyda , Correia Tamirys Renata Lima , Silva Júlio César Bernardino da , Albuquerque Nayale Lucinda Andrade
Published: July 2020

Introdução: As mulheres estão rodeadas por expectativas dos medos que permeiam o trabalho de parto, por isso atribuem significados a partir da experiência vivida, formando diversas percepções sobre a dor, minimizando os efeitos negativos após obter a satisfação de ser mãe. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção da mulher frente à dor do parto. Método: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado numa maternidade referência secundária para gestação de alto risco em Caruaru-PE no período de julho a agosto de 2016. Participaram desta pesquisa 13 mulheres que se encontravam no pós-parto mediato e imediato, após a experiência do parto normal de baixo risco. A entrevista foi realizada após leitura e assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e as falas das participantes foram submetidas à técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo só foi iniciado após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Dentre as 13 mulheres entrevistadas, verificou-se uma faixa etária que variou de 16 a 37 anos, a escolaridade variou entre ensino fundamental e médio incompleto, 7 mulheres eram multíparas e 6 primigestas. A partir da análise das falas, emergiram 02 categorias: Dor do parto e seus diferentes significados e Sentimentos ambíguos diante da dor do parto.  Conclusões: As mulheres possuem uma percepção variada da dor do parto, perpassando a compreensão de que é algo predeterminado por Deus, é algo natural e, por mais que essa dor seja insuportável, é algo passageiro, pois logo que a criança nasce todo esse processo doloroso é esquecido, gerando prazer e satisfação em ser mãe, por isso é importante uma atenção humanizada ao parto para que esse momento seja uma experiência prazerosa na vida da mulher.
PREVALÊNCIA DA DOENÇA PERIODONTAL EM GESTANTES DE UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE EM NATAL/RN
Authors: Brito da Costa Nathalia , Maria da Silva Edna
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Durante a gravidez, os hormônios sexuais, estrógeno e progesterona, aumentam significativamente no organismo da mulher e parecem exercer efeitos marcantes e potencialmente prejudiciais sobre o metabolismo tecidual sendo, portanto, um fator agravante para o aumento da incidência da doença periodontal nesse período, assim como para o aumento da severidade da doença quando já instalada. Além disso, durante o período de gestação, ocorrem alterações nos níveis hormonais modificando as chances da doença periodontal se instalar ou se agravar.  Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência e a severidade da doença periodontal nas gestantes cadastradas no Programa Pré-natal da Unidade de Saúde de Aparecida. Método: O estudo se caracteriza como seccional, descritivo e observacional, tendo como público alvo as gestantes cadastradas no programa de Pré-natal da Unidade de Saúde de Aparecida. Foram incluídas 30 gestantes em estágios diversos de gravidez. Para a análise das condições periodontais utilizou-se   Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI). Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha Excel, a partir dos quais foram calculadas médias e os respectivos desvios-padrão. Além disso foi aplicado um questionário com questões semiestruturadas para a identificação de dieta, higiene bucal e levantamento de lesões brancas ativas de esmalte. Resultados: Constatou-se que metade das gestantes adotavam dieta rica em carboidratos, e de um modo geral, apresentavam higiene bucal insatisfatória; presença de lesão branca de esmalte ativa na maioria das gestantes examinadas; a condição periodontal avaliada por meio do CPI evidenciou alta prevalência de cálculo dentário, sangramento gengival e bolsas periodontais entre os sextantes examinados.  Conclusões: De forma geral, as gestantes apresentaram uma condição de saúde bucal precária, com altas médias dos componentes do índice CPI e presença de lesões brancas ativas de esmalte.
Introduction of Succinimide as A Green and Sustainable Organo-Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylidene Malononitrile and Tetrahydrobenzo[b] pyran Derivatives
Authors: Hassanzadeh Fariba , Shirini Farhad , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Daneshvar Nader
Published: July 2020

Aim and Objective:

In this work, we tried to introduce a non-toxic and stable organic compound named succinimide as a green and efficient organo-catalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Using this method led to a clean procedure to achieve these types of bioactive compounds without a specific purification step. The rate and yield of the reactions were excellent, and also succinimide showed acceptable reusability as the catalyst.

Materials and Methods:

In a 25 mL round-bottom flask, [A: a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), malononitrile (1.1 mmol) and B: a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1.0 mmol), malononitrile (1.1 mmol)] and succinimide (0.2 mmol) in H2O/ EtOH [5 mL (1:1)] was stirred at 80 °C for an appropriate time. After completion of the reaction, which was monitored by TLC [n-hexane-EtOAc (7:3)], the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solid product was filtered, washed several times with cold distilled water to obtain the corresponding pure product.

Results:

After the optimization of the conditions and amount of the catalyst, a series of aromatic aldehydes containing either-electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents were successfully used for both of the reactions. The reactions rates and yields under the selected conditions were excellent. The nature and electronic properties of the substituents had no obvious effect on the rate and yield of the reaction. Meanwhile, the catalyst showed acceptable reusability for these two reactions.

Conclusion:

In this work, we have introduced Succinimide as a green and safe organo-catalyst for the efficient synthesis arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. The results showed that the catalyst had excellent efficiency in green aqueous media and also the reusability of the catalyst was good.
A Review of Saurauia roxburghii Wall. (Actinidiacaea) as a Traditional Medicinal Plant, Its Phytochemical Study and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Nahrin Afsana , Junaid Md. , Afrose Syeda Samira , Alam Muhammad Shaiful , Hosen S.M. Zahid , Akter Rasheda , Sharmin Tania
Published: July 2020

Saurauia roxburghii Wall. is an interesting plant, found growing chiefly along the eastern
and south-eastern countries of Asia. The various ethnic groups of these regions use the plant as a medication
for relieving a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including indigestion, boils, fever,
gout, piles, eczema, asthma, ulcers, bronchitis, epilepsy, and hepatitis B. This review aims to appraise
the vernacular information, botanical characterization, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry,
and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii as well as to conduct a critical analysis on
the findings. To understand the therapeutic potential and provide an overall idea about the ethnomedicinal
practices, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii, relevant information
was collected via a library and electronic search of online journals, books, and reputed databases. Phytochemical
examination revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, O-glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates,
saponins, steroids, reducing sugars, tannins, phlobatannins, and triterpenoids. The sterols
were identified as Stigmasterol and beta-Sitosterol. The triterpenes were found to be Ursolic acid,
Corosolic acid, Maslinic acid, 24-Hydroxy corosolic acid, 3b,7b,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic
acid, Oleanolic acid, beta-Amyrin, cis-3-O-p-Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, trans-3-O-p-
Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, and 7,24-dihydroxyursolic acid. Several in-vivo and in-vitro tests revealed
anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral activities of the plant
leaves. Detailed analysis of the information collected on S. roxburghii suggested some promising
leads for future drug development. However, many scientific gaps were found in the study of this and
further extensive investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of the active constituents
and exploit its therapeutic promises.
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of porous media single-phase fluid flow problem: a scientific review
Authors: Tawfeeq Yahya Jirjees
Published: July 2020

The complexity of porous media makes the classical methods used to study hydrocarbon reservoirs inaccurate and insufficient to predict the performance and behavior of the reservoir. Recently, fluid flow simulation and modeling used to decrease the risks in the decision of the evaluation of the reservoir and achieve the best possible economic feasibility. This study deals with a brief review of the fundamental equations required to simulate fluid flow through porous media. In this study, we review the derivative of partial differential equations governing the fluid flow through pores media. The physical interpretation of partial differential equations (especially the pressures diffusive nature) and discretization with finite differences are studied.  We restricted theoretic research to slightly compressible fluids, single-phase flow through porous media, and these are sufficient to show various typical aspects of subsurface flow numerical simulation. Moreover, only spatial and time discretization with finite differences will be considered. In this study, a mathematical model is formulated to express single-phase fluid flow in a one-dimensional porous medium. The formulated mathematical model is a partial differential equation of pressure change concerning distance and time.  Then this mathematical model converted into a numerical model using the finite differences method.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SOCIAL INTERACTION AND AFFECTIVE LEARNING OUTCOME OF THE5TH GRADE STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN KALIWATES SUB-DISTRICT, JEMBER REGENCY
Authors: Sari Dini , Mutrofin Mutrofin , Fitriyah Chumi
Published: July 2020

Social interaction is the relationship between one individual and another individual, one individual can influence other individuals so that there is reciprocity. The better the students' social interactions, the better their learning outcomes will be. Learning outcomes examined in this study are affective learning outcomes. This study aims to reveal whether the better social interaction, the better the affective learning outcomes of fifth grade students in SDN throughout Kaliwates Jember District. The population of this research is the fifth grade students of SDN in Kaliwates Jember District. This study is a correlation study with a population of 182 and a sample of 25 students. The main methods of collecting data are questionnaire and observation. To test the research hypothesis using the product moment correlation formula with the help of SPSS 20 at a significance level of 5%. The results of the research analysis obtained the value of r_count> r_tabel (0.748> 0.266) and the coefficient of determination 56%. This shows that social interaction has a contribution of 56% to affective learning outcomes the remaining 44% is influenced by other factors. It can be concluded that the better social interaction, the better the affective learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SDN in Kaliwates Jember District. Keywords: Social Interaction, and Affective Learning Outcomes
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison: entrectinib versus crizotinib in
ROS1
fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chu Paula , Antoniou Miranta , Bhutani Mohit K , Aziez Amine , Daigl Monica
Published: July 2020

Aim:
To perform indirect treatment comparisons of entrectinib versus alternative
ROS1
fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer treatments.
Methods:
Relevant studies with crizotinib and chemotherapy as comparators of interest identified by systematic literature review were selected for matching-adjusted indirect comparison by feasibility assessment. Matching was based on known prognostic/predictive factors and scenario analyses were used for unreported confounders in comparator trials.
Results:
Entrectinib yielded significantly better responses versus crizotinib in all scenarios (odds ratio [OR]: 2.43–2.74). Overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.47–0.61) and adverse event-related discontinuation (OR: 0.79–0.90) favored entrectinib. Progression-free survival was similar across treatments, except in one scenario.
Conclusion:
These results suggested improved outcomes with entrectinib versus crizotinib/chemotherapy and may help to make better informed treatment decisions.
ACADEMIC CULTURE BARRIERS FACED BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS JOINING INTERNATIONAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: Ramadhani Wulan , Poedjiastutie Dwi
Published: July 2020

Academic culture barrier is one of the barriers that students faced when they were going abroad whether for studying or doing their internship. There are lots of students’ encounters a problem when they were doing their internship. This research was conducted to examine the academic culture barriers faced by ELED students joining the international internship program to Thailand. In conducting the research, the researcher utilized the descriptive qualitative design to obtaining formation related to the problem in academic life. The participants of this study were eight students of ELED UMM who join the international internship program in Thailand 2018. The researcher used semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaire in order not to limit participants in telling their experience. The results of this study are divided into 3 categories which are academic problems, solutions, and academic differences. The academic problems that the participants faced involve language, English knowledge, the use of Thai letters, curriculum, and students’ participation. The solution that they gave were using gesture in dealing with the language problem, using role-play in dealing with lack of knowledge in English, teach the students alphabet in dealing with the using of Thai letters, designing their own material in dealing with no exact curriculum, and try to interact to the students outside the class in dealing with passive students participation. Furthermore, the academic differences are the relationship between student and teacher, and school culture.
Diseño y aplicación de estrategias metacognitivas para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Castrillón Rivera Eliana María , Morillo Puente Solbey , Restrepo Calderón Luz Adriana
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de una estrategia de intervención basada en estrategias metacognitivas como estrategia didáctica, con estudiantes de grado décimo de una institución oficial de Medellín, Colombia. Su objetivo es determinar si con la implementación de tales estrategias metacognitivas se mejora la comprensión lectora. Se llevó a cabo la investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo y se usó un diseño cuasiexperimental con mediciones pretest, postest y grupo control. Las mediciones se hicieron con un cuestionario autoadministrado a dos grupos de estudiantes compuesto por dieciocho preguntas extraídas de las pruebas Saber, las cuales comprenden tres dimensiones o niveles de lectura: literal, inferencial y crítico. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en los puntajes de los tres niveles de lectura. Sin embargo, para el nivel inferencial este incremento no fue estadísticamente significativo, como si lo fue en los niveles literal y crítico de comprensión lectora obtenido por el grupo experimental intervenido con la estrategia didáctica. Estos resultados comprueban que las estrategias metacognitivas favorecen el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora, ya que permiten que el estudiante sea autónomo, autorregule su proceso de comprensión, plantee un propósito de lectura sin que el docente lo dirija, tenga en cuenta sus saberes previos, establezca estrategias para la comprensión y logre evaluar su propio proceso cognitivo.
Gender-diverse boards get better performance on mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Ravaonorohanta Nivo
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the composition of boards, particularly the appointment of female directors to the boardroom has attracted significant political and social debate. Despite several studies that have examined links between the representation of women on boards and the corporate performance, research on the board gender diversity in merger contexts is limited. We assess whether the presence of women on corporate boards affects merger and acquisition (M&A) performance. Using acquisition bids by public Canadian companies during 2012-2017, we find that an increasing number of female directors in acquiring companies is associated with an enhanced merger performance and a reduced bid premium. After controlling for gender diversity on executive teams, the value added by having women on boards is particularly noticeable when acquiring firms have few women in the executive teams, and where overconfidence is prevalent. Thus, there is a substitutive relation between gender diversity on the board and gender diversity on the executive team.
NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN A HIGHLY MOBILE SOCIETY: FORMATION METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT
Authors: Bil Mariana , Ryndzak Olha
Published: July 2020

The article aims to substantiate the relevance of the formation and implementation of national human development policy in a highly mobile society, in light of the modern imperative for a person’s right to freedom of movement and freedom of choice. Such a policy envisages a set of measures aimed at creating a favourable internal living environment and, at the same time, preserving the possibility for the right of return and protection of citizens, regardless of their place of residence. The study deepens the theoretical foundations of national human development policy under the conditions of a highly mobile society. The article justifies the dominance of neoliberal ideology in managerial approaches to policy implementation, and the necessity of legislative consolidation of national human development policy in a highly mobile society. The concept includes three categories and related goals: general security provisions and principles of movement regulations applied to all categories of mobile persons; internal spatial mobility; external (inbound, outbound) spatial mobility. The concept is an important component in the implementation of national sectoral doctrines (socio- -cultural, political and legal, economic, security), which in the long term will ensure the formation of a human development paradigm under conditions of a highly mobile society for sustainable human development. The harmonization of national human development policy with national migration policy proves the advantages of selective multiculturalism in providing spiritual and information mobility for a person and a state.