bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planificación del cultivo: manejo integrado del suelo
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela
Published: May 2023

El tamaño del hueco dependerá del peso del cormo y la textura del suelo. Se recomiendan profundidades entre 30 y 40 cm, si al cormo se le deja un pedazo de pseudotallo. En caso contrario, se debe cubrir con una capa de suelo de 5 a 10 cm de espesor. Profundidad de siembra entre 30 y 40 cm en suelos franco-arenosos y franco-arcillosos. Sin considerar su profundidad, puede variar desde 30 x 30 hasta 40 x 40 cm, para cormos con pesos entre 0.5 a 1 y 1 a 1.5 kg, respectivamente.
Manejo de la fertilización integrada: análisis foliar
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela
Published: May 2023

Su objetivo es conocer el estado nutricional del cultivo. Antes de realizar el muestreo de las hojas, se debe considerar.
TÜRK MEDİKAL TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE YAPI, İŞLEYİŞ VE SORUNLAR: FARKLI PAYDAŞLAR GÖZÜNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: EREN Murat , TÜRKAY Oğuz
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de medikal turizmin sektörel yapısı, aktörleri, işleyişi ve sorunlarını farklı paydaşların gözünden tespit etmektir.
Yöntem: Türkiye’de medikal turizm alanında hizmet veren ve kartopu örnekleme tekniği ile ulaşılan 4 hastane yöneticisi, 6 seyahat acentası yetkilisi, 5 VIP taşımacılık firması yetkilisi ve 1 danışmanlık firması yetkilisi ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler tematik analiz yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiş, bulgular, betimsel öğeler de kullanılarak sunulmuştur.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonucunda, akreditasyon, işgücünün niteliği, onay almadan tedavi hizmeti veren ve aracılık yapan işletmelerin varlığı, tanıtım sorunları ve mevzuatın eksikleri gibi temel sorunlar yanında medikal turizm alanında kurumlar arası iş birliğinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Uluslararası Sağlık Hizmetleri Anonim Şirketi (USHAŞ) hakkında fikir ayrılıklarının olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sonuç: Türkiye’de medikal turizm sektörünün işleyişi yasal mevzuat, kamu aktörlerinin çabaları ve rekabetçi güçlerin etkileşimi içerisinde şekillenmektedir. Ancak, işleyişi bozan çok sayıda etken tespit edilmiştir. Bu sorunların çözümü için aktörler arasında etkin koordinasyon yanında etkin kontrol mekanizmalarının gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu denetimler konusunda kamu otoritelerinden beklentiler yüksektir.
NANOSUSPENSIONS: A STRATERGY TO INCREASE THE SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUGS
Authors: Jakka Vidyadhari , MUNAGALA GAYATRIRAMYA , PATNALA DURGA SPVN PAVANI , Kuruba Rajesh
Published: May 2023

The process that occurs at the molecular level and at the nanoscale is the subject of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology includes nanosuspension. Nanosuspension is a colloidal dispersion of medication particles that are nanometer-sized and stabilized with surfactants. To manufacture and scale up nanosuspensions, conventional size reduction tools such as media mills and high-pressure homogenizers as well as formulation strategies including precipitation, emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent diffusion, and microemulsion procedures can be successfully used. The main elements to be taken into consideration for the effective manufacture and scale-up of nanosuspensions are maintaining the stability in solution as well as in the solid form, and resuspendability without aggregation. The flexibility for surface modification and mucoadhesion for drug targeting have substantially broadened the scope of this innovative formulation method as a result of the significant improvement in bioavailability. Extensive research is now being done on the use of nanosuspensions in various drug delivery methods, including oral, ophthalmic, brain, topical, buccal, nasal, and transdermal routes. The majority of permeability limiting absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism associated difficulties that negatively affect bioavailability can be resolved with oral drug delivery of nanosuspension with receptor mediated endocytosis, which is a promising capability. The development of enabling technologies like nanosuspension can address several formulation issues that protein- and peptide-based medicines currently encounter
CASE SERIES OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI CAUSING MELIOIDOSIS (PULMONARY, CEREBRAL, AND SPLENIC ABSCESS)
Authors: S Prasanna , Mahajan Mayuri , Mahajan Nikhil
Published: May 2023

Burkholderia pseudomallei is soil saprophytic Gram-negative bacilli that cause a fatal disease called melioidosis. Melioidosis is capable of causing cutaneous infection and systemic infections in the respiratory tract, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, skin and soft tissue, and musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. Here, we report rare forms of pulmonary, cerebral, and splenic abscess case series of melioidosis caused by B. pseudomallei. Imported cases have been reported among tourists, immigrants, and soldiers who returned from endemic areas. The acquisition of infection is through percutaneous, inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated water; person-to-person transmission is very rare. Melioidosis cases are primarily found in the rainfall season and are usually associated with risk factors such as diabetes, alcoholism, and chronic renal diseases. However, 20–26% of cases were not associated with predisposing conditions. The identification is based on colony morphology, Gram stain, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and other supportive automated and molecular assays when we suspect B. pseudomallei. There are two phases, the intensive and eradication phases, in managing melioidosis. In the intensive phase, ceftazidime for 2 weeks showed efficacy in almost 50% of cases, and the eradication phase treatment with co-trimoxazole and doxycycline or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 3–6 months showed an excellent response. The improper clinical diagnosis and management of B. pseudomallei can lead to complications. Hence, early diagnosis with microbiological approaches such as culture, biochemical reactions, or automated systems available and antimicrobial sensitivity testing will cure the patient quickly without mortality.
FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK SATISFACTION AND COMPLIANCE OF USING PPE AMONG SHOP ASSISTANTS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Raj k Soumya , Pramod Kavya , GEORGE GODLY
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The objectives of the study was to assess the level of work satisfaction, assess compliance of using PPE among shop assistants during COVID-19 and to find the factors influencing work satisfaction.
Methods: A quantitative approach with descriptive design was used for the study. Eighty samples were selected by using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted in 4 districts of Kerala through online platform as well as through offline mediums.
Results: From the study, it is evident that majority of the subjects (55%) were satisfied with their work at the time of COVID-19 and more than half (55%) of the samples have enough compliance with the use of PPE and only 7.5% have less compliance with the use of PPE. Demographic variables such age, relationship status, and work experience were found to be statically significant (p<0.05) with work satisfaction, and other variables did not have a significant association.
Conclusion: This study provides a baseline for assessing the level of work satisfaction and compliance of PPE among shop assistants in selected areas. Periodic reinforcements, proper education , availability and trainings on the use of PPE can reduce the spread of Corona Virus and improve PPE compliance to an extend. Good working environment support from family and good rapport with colleagues can help to improve work satisfaction .
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CONVENTIONAL EPIDURAL VERSUS COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL IN PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE AND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Rathore Vikram Singh , Prasad Sarita , D Harsha , Sharma Charu , Partani Seema
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of conventional epidural (ED) versus combined spinal epidural (CSE) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with addition of opiods and dexmedetomidine.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, and double-blinded clinical study was conducted in the in patients undergoing PCNL. Group CSE had received CSE anesthesia and Group ED given conventional epidural anesthesia. Time to first rescue analgesic and total dose of rescue analgesic along with hemodynamic parameters were compared up to 24 h. Patient, surgeon satisfaction score, and post-operative complications were also compared.
Results: Time from onset of sensory block to first requirement of analgesia was prolonged in group CSE (218.4±18.30 min) as compared to Group ED (210±17.88 min). (p<0.001) Mean time for first rescue analgesia postoperatively was highly significant in group CSE (2.42±0.49) as compared to Group ED (2.08±0.28). (p<0.0001) Total dose of levobupivacaine required was high in Group ED (49.66±7.02) as compared to Group CSE (45.66±3.12). (p<0.001) In Group ED, surgeon score was good in 20 (44.44%) patients and which was highly significant. In Group CSE, surgeon score was excellent in 41 (91.1%) patients and which was highly significant. (p<0.001) Post-operative complications in both the group were comparable (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study concluded that though both the anesthesia techniques are safe and efficient with each having its own benefits. CSE had proven superiority over the epidural technique.
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED OPEN-LABELED PARALLEL GROUP STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF ORAL TERBINAFINE VERSUS ORAL TERBINAFINE PLUS ORAL FLUCONAZOLE IN DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS
Authors: Shekar Amit , Mittal Geetika , Chandane Rakhamaji Dattarao , Suranagi Umesh Devappa
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of oral monotherapy (Terbinafine) as compared to combination of oral drugs (Terbinafine and fluconazole) in treatment of dermatophyte infections. Methods: Patients of clinically diagnosed, potassium hydroxide (KOH) confirmed dermatophyte infections (n=235), were recruited as per inclusion criteria and randomized into Group A (Tab. Terbinafine 6 mg/kg body weight daily) and Group B (Tab. Terbinafine 6 mg/kg daily+Tab Fluconazole 3 mg/kg twice per week) treatment for 2 weeks. Assessment was done in beginning, after week 1 and after week 2 using visual analog scale (VAS) and global physician assessment (GPA). At the end of 4 weeks, they were again called back to assess the residual disease activity. Results: VAS scoring at week 1 and week 2 showed a significant reduction of scores in both the groups as compared to basal score of 0 week. Inter-group comparison showed decrease in mean-VAS itch scores in Group B as compared to Group A. Week 1 reduction in the Group B was statistically significant (p<0.001). GPA reflected a gradual but significant improvement in GPA scores end of week 1 and week 2 in both groups. The improvement seemed robust in Group B reflecting the stronger clinical response. The inter-group comparison showed statistically significant improvement in Group B over Group A in both 1stweek (p<0.001) and 2nd week (p=0.021). Conclusion: Dermatophyte infections treated with either terbinafine alone or terbinafine and fluconazole combination is clinically effective. Combination therapy is better than single drug therapy in terms of treatment response.
ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PANCYTOPENIA
Authors: Surendran Athira , NN Padmakumar , Kumar N Anoop
Published: May 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the etiological profile of pancytopenia.
Methods: This was an observational study done in 85 patients who presented with pancytopenia to the Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam. The study was carried out over a period of 1 year. The data were collected in a structured pro forma and analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: The most common age group was 21–30 years, 29 (34.1%) of the 85 patients. 48 (56.5%) were males and 37 (43.5%) were females. Megaloblastic anemia was the most common etiology constituting 60 (70.6%). The most common presenting complaint was generalized weakness in 74 (87.1%). The most common clinical finding was pallor 77 (90.6%). The mean hemoglobin level was 6.81±1.51 g/dl, the mean total WBC count was 2768.39±791.2, and the mean platelet count was 0.87±0.43. Macrocytic anemia was the predominant blood picture in cytopenic patients. Hypercellular marrow was the most common marrow finding in 78.1%.
Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia was the most common cause of pancytopenia followed by aplastic anemia in the present study. Clinical alertness and suspicion can assure early diagnosis and treatment.
RESPONSIVENESS OF STATE AND RESPONSE ENTROPY AND ALGESIOMETRY DURING INTRAVENOUS FENTANYL ADMINISTRATION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE PATIENTS
Authors: Paighan Kalyani J , Jonnavithula Nirmala , Muddamalla Reetham , Jyothi Achutuni , Durga Padmaja
Published: May 2023

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the gender difference in response to fentanyl on the entropy and algesiometry and to compare hemodynamic difference in between the gender.
Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in a group of 100 patients, of which 50 were males and 50 females. In both the groups, baseline entropy (response entropy [RE] and state entropy [SE]) and algesiometry values were recorded, 2 mic/kg of fentanyl was administered, and entropy values were recorded for 5 min and another algesiometry reading was taken at the end of 5 min.
Results: Both the groups were found to be comparable age and weight (p<0.05). However, the mean height of male patients was found to be more as compared to females, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.037). There was no statistically significant difference in the American society of anesthesiologists grades of male and female patients (p=1). Comorbidities were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and both the groups were comparable in terms of distribution of comorbidities. (p=1.000). All parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, oxygen Saturation, RE, and SE at various time intervals were found to be comparable in male and female patients. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the parameters till 5 min after fentanyl administration (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in entropy values among males and females before and after fentanyl administration. Females had significantly (p=0.033) lower pain threshold and a statistically significant increase in pain threshold as compared to males after fentanyl administration (p=0.012).
Conclusion: We conclude that fentanyl administration has not influenced the entropy values based on gender and females had an initial low pain threshold and a greater increase in pain threshold after fentanyl administration.
A STUDY OF SPECTRUM OF NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF SALIVARY GLAND AND THEIR CYTOLOGICAL CORRELATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY
Authors: NEERAJA P , KALAVATHI C LAKSHMI , REDDY C BHAKTHAVATSALA
Published: May 2023

Objective: This current study analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of cytology of various salivary gland lesions and correlated with histopathological findings.
Method: A study of 45 samples for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were obtained from patients who were posted to the department of pathology. Aspirate from all salivary gland lesions and corresponding histopathological (HPE) specimens were included.
Results: Cytologic (FNAC) diagnosis reveals non-neoplastic, benign, and malignant lesions in 23% (12), 68% (31), and 4% (2) of 45 samples, respectively. While histopathological (HPE) diagnosis revealed non-neoplastic, benign, and malignant lesions in 20% (9), 62% (28), and 18% (8) of cases, respectively. The most common lesion in cytology and histology was discovered to be pleomorphic adenoma, which has a high sensitivity and specificity and can thus be used to screen all salivary gland tumors for a better therapeutic approach. The higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC confirms its important role in conjunction with radiological and clinical findings to provide the best initial assessment. There is a statistically significant relationship between the consistency, location, and cellularity of the lesion in benign and malignant tumours. Study concluded that on FNAC, 48% were benign in nature and 24% were malignant in nature. The sensitivity of FNAC was 86.5%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, negative predictive value was 86%, and diagnostic accuracy was 92.5%.
Conclusion: The study confirms the utility of FNAC as a safe and cost-effective method of distinguishing benign and malignant salivary gland lesions. FNAC had a sensitivity of 86.5%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 86%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 92.75%. FNAC and histopathology complemented each other to provide infallible diagnoses that are critical in planning future management.
SLC54 Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Tavoulari Sotiria , Wilson Calum
Published: May 2023

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl‐CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase which is localized in the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is composed of SLC54 family members (MPC1 and MPC2) [1, 5], which form functional hetero-dimers [9, 8]. The MPC is expressed in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involved in the import of pyruvate into mitochondria [1, 5]. Ubiquitous disruption of either MPC1 or MPC2 expression results in embryonic lethality [11, 12]. Clinically relevant concentrations of the insulin sensitizers, thiazolidinediones, inhibit the MPC [3]. Other clinically relevant inhibitors of the MPC complex are lonidamine [7, 8], quinolone antibacterials [6], entacapone and nitrofurantoin [8].
Orexin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Aston-Jones Gary , Bonaventure Pascal , Coleman Paul , De Lecea Luis , Hartman Debbie , Hoyer Daniel , Jacobson Laura , Kilduff Thomas , Kukkonen Jyrki P. , McDonald Terrence P. , Porter Rod , Renger John , Sakurai Takeshi , Siegel Jerome M , Sutcliffe Gregor , Upton Neil , Winrow Christopher J. , Yanagisawa Masashi
Published: May 2023

Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [43]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [117]. Orexin signaling has been associated with regulation of sleep and wakefulness, reward and addiction, appetite and feeding, pain gating, stress response, anxiety and depression. Currently the orexin receptor ligands in clinical use are the dual orexin receptor antagonists suvorexant and lemborexant and daridorexant, which are used as hypnotics, and several dual and OX2-selective antagonists are under development. Multiple orexin agonists are in development for the treatment of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders. Orexin receptor 3D structures have been solved [146, 144, 55, 126, 47, 109, 7, 145].
Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Bichet Daniel , Bouvier Michel , Chini Bice , Gimpl Gerald , Guillon Gilles , Kimura Tadashi , Knepper Mark , Lolait Stephen , Manning Maurice , Mouillac Bernard , O'Carroll Anne-Marie , Serradeil-Le Gal Claudine , Soloff Melvyn , Verbalis Joseph G. , Wheatley Mark , Zingg Hans H.
Published: May 2023

Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) receptors (nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [94]) are activated by the endogenous cyclic nonapeptides vasopressin and oxytocin. These peptides are derived from precursors which also produce neurophysins (neurophysin I for oxytocin; neurophysin II for vasopressin). Vasopressin and oxytocin differ at only 2 amino acids (positions 3 and 8). There are metabolites of these neuropeptides that may be biologically active [69].
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (KIR) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Adelman John P. , Clapham David E. , Hibino Hiroshi , Inanobe Atsushi , Jan Lily Y. , Karschin Andreas , Kubo Yoshihiro , Kurachi Yoshihisa , Lazdunski Michel , Miki Takashi , Nichols Colin G. , Palmer Lawrence G. , Pearson Wade L. , Sackin Henry , Seino Susumu , Slesinger Paul A. , Tucker Stephen , Vandenberg Carol A.
Published: May 2023

The 2TM domain family of K channels are also known as the inward-rectifier K channel family. This family includes the strong inward-rectifier K channels (Kir2.x) that are constitutively active, the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier K channels (Kir3.x) and the ATP-sensitive K channels (Kir6.x, which combine with sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1-3)). The pore-forming α subunits form tetramers, and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kir3.2 with Kir3.3).
P2X receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Di Virgilio Francesco , Falzoni Simonetta , Fortuny-Gomez Anna , Fountain Samuel J. , Jarvis Michael F. , Kennedy Charles , King Brian F. , Meades Jessica , Nicke Annette , Peters John A.
Published: May 2023

P2X receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on P2X Receptors [49, 146]) have a trimeric topology [118, 128, 144, 197] with two putative TM domains per P2X subunit, gating primarily Na+, K+ and Ca2+, exceptionally Cl-. The Nomenclature Subcommittee has recommended that for P2X receptors, structural criteria should be the initial basis for nomenclature where possible. X-ray crystallography indicates that functional P2X receptors are trimeric and three agonist molecules are required to bind to a single trimeric assembly in order to activate it [118, 144, 95, 103, 177]. Native receptors may occur as either homotrimers (e.g. P2X1 in smooth muscle) or heterotrimers (e.g. P2X2:P2X3 in the nodose ganglion [280], P2X1:P2X5 in mouse cortical astrocytes [162], and P2X2:P2X5 in mouse dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord and mid pons [53, 234]. P2X2, P2X4 and P2X7 receptor activation can lead to influx of large cationic molecules, such as NMDG+, Yo-Pro, ethidium or propidium iodide [211]. The permeability of the P2X7 receptor is modulated by the amount of cholesterol in the plasma membrane [193]. The hemi-channel pannexin-1 was initially implicated in the action of P2X7 [212], but not P2X2, receptors [41], but this interpretation is probably misleading [215]. Convincing evidence now supports the view that the activated P2X7 receptor is immediately permeable to large cationic molecules, but influx proceeds at a much slower pace than that of the small cations Na+, K+, and Ca2+ [66].
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Catterall William A. , Goldin Alan L. , Waxman Stephen G.
Published: May 2023

Sodium channels are voltage-gated sodium-selective ion channels present in the membrane of most excitable cells. Sodium channels comprise of one pore-forming α subunit, which may be associated with either one or two β subunits [179]. α-Subunits consist of four homologous domains (I-IV), each containing six transmembrane segments (S1-S6) and a pore-forming loop. The positively charged fourth transmembrane segment (S4) acts as a voltage sensor and is involved in channel gating. The crystal structure of the bacterial NavAb channel has revealed a number of novel structural features compared to earlier potassium channel structures including a short selectivity filter with ion selectivity determined by interactions with glutamate side chains [278]. Interestingly, the pore region is penetrated by fatty acyl chains that extend into the central cavity which may allow the entry of small, hydrophobic pore-blocking drugs [278]. Auxiliary β1, β2, β3 and β4 subunits consist of a large extracellular N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane segment and a shorter cytoplasmic domain.The nomenclature for sodium channels was proposed by Goldin et al., (2000) [146] and approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on sodium channels (Catterall et al., 2005, [53]).
ZAC in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Davies Paul , Hales Tim G. , Jensen Anders A. , Peters John A.
Published: May 2023

The zinc-activated channel (ZAC, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Zinc Activated Channel) is a member of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors [2, 3, 5]. The channel is likely to exist as a homopentamer of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic cation selective channel equipermeable to Na+, K+ and Cs+, but impermeable to Ca2+ and Mg2+ [5]. ZAC displays constitutive activity that can be blocked by tubocurarine, TTFB and high concentrations of Ca2+ [5]. Although denoted ZAC, the channel is more potently activated by H+ and Cu2+, with greater and lesser efficacy than Zn2+, respectively [5]. Orthologs of the human ZACN gene are present in a wide range of mammalian genomes, but notably not in the mouse or rat genomes. [2, 3].
Effect of Wind on Building Frame Resting on Sloping Ground and Analysis using ETABS
Authors: Khan Rizwan , Parekar Dr. Samyak
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Today, the primary responsibility of a structural or civil engineer is structural design. As of right now, a variety of factors are taken into account while constructing a structure, and these factors have an impact on the longevity, quality, and functionality of the building. In the modern world, structures are designed using software. Staad pro and Etabs are two examples of modern software that is utilized on a daily basis. So, in this project, we'll plan, design, and use Etabs to analyze a residential G+8 building. The major consideration of this project is depending on the wind criteria on the sloping ground there were three structures we have considered, and all these three structures is resting on 4 slopes. The four slopes which we are considered are 0, 5, 10, 15 degrees respectively. And we are going to analyze the structure that which structure is going to give us the best possible result
Detection of Fake Product Review using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: S Menaka.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Online reviews play a crucial role in determining whether a product will be sold on e-commerce websites or applications. Because so many people rely on online reviews, unethical actors may create reviews in order to artificially boost or devalue goods and services. This study presents a semi-supervised machine learning strategy to identify fake product reviews. In addition, this work extracts several reviewer behaviours using feature engineering techniques. In this work, we investigate the findings of several experiments on a genuine food review dataset of restaurant evaluations with features gathered from user behaviour. The results show that Random Forest, with the best f-score of 98%, outperforms another classifier in terms of off-score. The data also shows that accounting for the reviewers' behavioural traits boosts the f-score, and the final accuracy came out at 97.7%. The behaviour of different types of reviewers has not been taken into account in the existing methodology. The effectiveness of the proposed fake review detecting algorithm will be further enhanced by the addition of other low-level data, such as frequent time or date dependency, the timing of the reviewer's delivery of a review, and how typical it is to supply favourable or unfavourable reviews.
A potential role of extracellular DNA in biofilm and ciprofloxacin resistance
Authors: Tahseen Ibrahim Hind , A. Mussa Ali , Jabbar Fahad Al-Mathkhury Harith
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aims to broaden our knowledge of the role of eDNA in bacterial biofilms and antibiotic-resistance gene transfer among isolates.

Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from different non-repeated 170 specimens. The bacterial isolates were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Different concentrations of genomic DNA were tested for their potential role in biofilms formed by study isolates employing microtiter plate assay. Ciprofloxacin resistance was identified by detecting a mutation in gyrA and parC.

Results: The biofilm intensity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) concerning S. aureus isolates and insignificantly (P > 0.05) concerning E. coli isolates. Yet, one E. coli isolate's biofilm was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing eDNA. Of considerable interest, the addition of eDNA led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the biofilm of the two-tested P. aeruginosa isolates. Moreover, eDNA participated in transferring Ciprofloxacin resistance to the sensitive isolate when it presents in its biofilm.

Conclusion: eDNA has a dual effect on bacterial biofilms either supportive or suppressive following bacterial species per se. Also, it seems to play an important role in antibiotic resistance within the biofilm.
Sistema de Inteligencia Policial
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Millán Sánchez Marco Alexander , Ortiz Alvarado Pedro Nel ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Flórez Vaquiro John Alexander ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Pulido Quevedo Alberto Alexander ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Montaño Diego Armando ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Lara Geissoir ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Velandia Moreno Óscar Javier ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Luna Ruiz Alexander ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Sánchez Botello Aleider ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Osorio Velandia Javier David ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Arias Miranda Diego Arzain ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Mateus Edixon Andrés ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: May 2023

Este libro presenta la forma como funcionarios de inteligencia de la Policía Nacional, y un equipo interdisciplinario, diseñaron y aplicaron un método ágil de desarrollo de software, para la creación y puesta en producción del Sistema de Inteligencia Policial [SIP]. Esta herramienta tecnológica busca dinamizar las actividades misionales de recolección, procesamiento, análisis y difusión de información, establecidas en el ciclo de inteligencia y en la normativa vigente. Asimismo, visualiza los resultados de siete componentes y la capacidad de inteligencia de negocios e información geográfica que integra el SIP. Este recurso digital se convierte en un aporte transversal a los desafíos y necesidades del proceso de transformación integral de la Policía Nacional con una visión de la innovación policial.
Las relaciones entre Policías y Militares en contextos de transición latinoamericanos: los casos de Argentina, Colombia y El Salvador
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Rondón Raigoza Farid Camilo
Published: May 2023

Esta investigación es un estudio comparado que se propone analizar las relaciones entre la Policía y las Fuerzas Militares en los contextos de transición en América Latina, teniendo como marco la teoría del sistema político. Para ello se seleccionan los casos de Argentina en la transición democrática (1983), El Salvador en la salida de un conflicto armado interno (1992) y Colombia con la negociación y desmovilización de la guerrilla de las FARC (2016). Esta investigación surge a partir de los vacíos dejados por las formas en que se ha abordado históricamente la seguridad, a estos no considerar los impactos de las interrelaciones entre las diferentes instituciones que trabajan en el sistema estatal. Dentro de los resultados fundamentales de la investigación se encuentran: Primero, después de la transición se dan relaciones de confluencia entre los militares y policías, pero no de subordinación. Segundo, factores como amenazas, la existencia de una tercera fuerza o la participación en el gobierno, impactan la manera cómo se dan los procesos de negociación y, por lo tanto, la organización de las fuerzas. Tercero, hay una tendencia en el largo plazo hacia la cooperación y convergencia de las Fuerzas Militares y la Policía en la región.
La protesta social en Colombia: análisis, comprensión e identificación de sus tendencias y perspectivas
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Molina Garzón Alba Luz , Gallego Betancourth Martha Lucía ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Cardoso González Rodrigo ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Serrador Osorio Luis Enrique ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Martínez Goyeneche Jesús Antonio ,   Legal & Tierras Consultores SAS, Rojas Guevara Jorge Ulises ,   Research Center Working Dogs®, Fernández Osorio Andrés Eduardo ,   Ejército Nacional de Colombia, Cervantes Estrada Luis Carlos ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Rubio David ,   Universidad Nacional Abierta y A Distancia, Villaizon Castro Erika ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: May 2023

Para la Policía Nacional, es de interés analizar las transformaciones que se es-tán forjando en la protesta social; por ello, esta investigación se propone como objetivo plantear una acción institucional de respuesta a las nuevas manifestaciones del fenómeno del vandalismo, durante las protestas sociales, mediante la evaluación de los impactos en la convivencia ciudadana y la identificación de nuevos desafíos en la actividad y el servicio de policía, para fortalecer las capacidades institucionales. El método empleado fue cualitativo-descriptivo. Los hallazgos de la investigación están relacionados con la naturaleza híbrida y compleja del vandalismo, sus causas diversas que abarcan elementos de influencia internacional, las conflictividades sociales, la polarización y el empleo de las vías de hecho por grupos radicales anarquistas. Asimismo, se realiza una caracterización del vandalismo a nivel de su estructura, método, actores, intereses y el impacto negativo en la seguridad y convivencia, que permite establecer como conclusión que no se está ante un fenómeno espontáneo, sino ante un comportamiento colectivo cada vez más organizado y con una intencionalidad de generar caos y miedo. Finalmente, se presentan los desafíos para la Institución y propuestas para afrontar escenarios de alta con-flictividad social y violencia.
The Decline of Local Political Parties in Post-Conflict Aceh: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ikramatoun Siti , Zulfan Zulfan , Aminah Aminah
Published: May 2023

The Aceh peace process has been ongoing for nearly two decades. Some studies note that an essential aspect contributing to the Aceh peace context is the presence of local political parties in the post-peace era. This article aims to describe the declining existence of local political parties in the political life of Aceh society. This study employs a qualitative method, with primary data obtained from interviews and secondary data gathered from relevant literature reviews. The study reveals that local political parties in post-conflict Aceh have essentially gone through three of the four phases and are beginning to enter the fourth. The first phase is the formation of local political parties, the second is their rise, and the third is their victory in Aceh's political contestation. The fourth phase is decline or reduction, characterized by local parties being abandoned by their supporters. This research identifies several factors indicating the current existence of local political parties in the decline phase: 1) Loss of public trust; 2) Pessimism among political actors; 3) Weak party integrity and human resources; 4) Unprofessional organizational management; and 5) Internal conflicts within the party. These factors are not independent but are interconnected with one another.
Fins sociais do contrato eletrônico de consumo solicitado por indivíduo absolutamente incapaz em relação à Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro
Authors: Alves Fabrício Germano , Rocha Marcel Fernandes de Oliveira
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho tem como temática principal a análise dos fins sociais do contrato eletrônico. Dentro desse prisma de abordagem, serão suscitadas questões referentes aos contratos eletrônicos de consumo solicitados por indivíduos absolutamente incapazes em relação à Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB). Há, para tanto, nesse contexto, uma discussão a respeito da validade desse tipo de contrato firmado por pessoa absolutamente incapaz e o questionamento sobre os seus fins sociais. Observa-se que os casos de contratos celebrados por pessoas absolutamente incapazes são cada vez mais comuns no mundo moderno, em razão da facilidade de acesso às plataformas que propiciam esse tipo de contratação no meio eletrônico, sendo imprescindível, portanto, um estudo acerca do tema. Ademais, o objeto principal a ser alcançado é a delimitação de uma linha de pensamento a ser seguida em casos como esses, levando em consideração a responsabilização das partes e a validade do contrato, bem como também a análise dos fins sociais aos quais o contrato eletrônico se destinará. A metodologia utilizada será hipotético-dedutiva, qualitativa e com um viés descritivo acerca do tema. Conclui-se que, embora sejam considerados consumidores, os absolutamente incapazes terão seus contratos anulados e seus responsáveis devem arcar com a reparação dos danos causados com a contratação.
Límites en la construcción de una justicia social en el Perú
Authors: Bermúdez-Tapia Manuel
Published: May 2023

In recent years, in philosophical and constitutional theory, social justice has been developed as a postulate that seeks to address and overcome the material differences that occur in a country. This is based on attention to the needs of the population with less accessibility to public services and with a record of limited satisfaction of their needs and rights. In this case, the present analysis allows to project a practical and precise evaluation of the public management that is developed in Peru, in particular, to evaluate if it is possible to build a social justice derived from a planned and financially and economically sustained action.
New prediction categories in CASP15
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Antczak Maciej , Szachniuk Marta , Kretsch Rachael C. , Rangan Ramya , Pham Phillip , Das Rhiju , Robin Xavier , Studer Gabriel , Durairaj Janani , Eberhardt Jerome , Sweeney Aaron , Topf Maya , Schwede Torsten , Fidelis Krzysztof , Moult John
Published: May 2023

Prediction categories in the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction
(CASP) experiments change with the need to address specific problems in
structure modeling. In CASP15, four new prediction categories were
introduced: RNA structure, ligand-protein complexes, accuracy of
oligomeric structures and their interfaces, and ensembles of alternative
conformations. This paper lists technical specifications for these
categories and describes their integration in the CASP data management
system.
Energy landscapes direct the movement preferences of elephants
Authors: Berti Emilio , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Brose Ulrich , Vollrath Fritz
Published: May 2023

The movement of animals affects the biodiversity, ecological processes,
and resilience of an ecosystem. For the animals, moving has costs as
well as benefits and the use of a given landscape provides insights into
animal decisions and behavioral ecology. Understanding how animals use
the landscape can thus clarify their effects on ecosystems and inform
conservation measures aiming at preserving and restoring the ecological
functions of animal dispersal. Here, we investigated the habitat
preferences of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) using GPS
data from 155 individuals collected between 1998 and 2020 in Northern
Kenya. In particular, we assessed how “energy landscapes”, i.e. the
cost of locomotion due to the slope of the terrain and the animal body
mass, together with elevation, vegetation productivity, water
availability, and proximity to human settlements influence the habitat
preferences of elephants. We found that the energy landscape is the most
consistent predictor of elephants’ preferences, with individuals
generally avoiding energetically costly areas and preferring highly
productive habitats. We also found that other predictors such as
elevation, water availability and human presence, are important in
determining habitat usage, but varied greatly among elephants, with some
individuals preferring habitats avoided by others. Our analysis
highlights the importance of the energy landscape as a key driver of
habitat preferences of elephants. Importantly, the enerscape modeling
environment allowed us to develop testable hypotheses from rather
coarse-grained data covering elephant movements and a few environmental
parameters. Energy landscapes rely on fundamental biomechanical and
physical principles and provide a mechanistic understanding of the
observed preference patterns, allowing to disentangle key causal drivers
of an animal’s preferences from correlational effects. This, in turn,
has important implications for assessing and planning conservation and
restoration measures, such as dispersal corridors, by explicitly
accounting for the energy costs of moving.
Relações UE-religião: proposta de sistematização das fases de relação entre instituições europeias e igrejas e comunidades religiosas
Authors: Botelho Moniz Jorge
Published: May 2023

The relationship between European institutions and churches and religious communities has not been free of conflict and has undergone a myriad of revisions and recompositions over the decades. This article thus proposes a systematization of the relations between European institutions and churches and religious communities in European Union Member States. Through a descriptive and qualitative methodology, the four phases of the European Union-religion relationship are analyzed: marginalization, experimentation, institutionalization, and global action. It is concluded that, despite the initial phase of neglect, there has been a gradual institutionalization and deepening of these relations, whose goal is to strengthen the effectiveness of the European Union’s global action.
Dél-zselici pannon-tavi (késő miocén) rétegsorok őskörnyezeti rekonstrukciója
Authors: Szabó Fanni , Sztanó Orsolya , Sebe Krisztina
Published: May 2023

A Mecsektől nyugatra eső dél-zselici terület geológiai felépítéséről viszonylag keveset tudunk, pedig kulcsfontosságú terület, hiszen a mélyföldtani adatok és a feltárások alapján össze tudnánk kapcsolni a Mecsek és a Dráva-medence pannon-tavi üledékképződési környezeteit.
Ebben a tanulmányban elvégeztük három Mecsek környéki, kevésbé ismert neogén rétegsor elemzését, ahol a tavi üledékek a felszínre bukkannak. Felhagyott homokbányákban tettünk terepi megfigyeléseket Szigetvár környékén, majd fácieselemzést végeztünk: nyolc fáciesegységet és négy fáciesegyüttest különítettünk el. A fáciesegyüttesek alapján elkülönítettünk deltamedrekben (CH), deltaág-elvégződésekben (TDC), torkolati zátonyokon (MB) és nyíltvízben (FF) zajló üledékképződést. Megállapítottuk, hogy három fő üledékképződési folyamat volt hatással a vizsgált rétegsorok képződésére. Ezek a delta síkságon lévő eltérő méretű medrekben zajló üledékképződés, a völgybevágódások kialakulása, valamint egy vízszintemelkedés hatására bekövetkező elöntés. A homokos, mederkitöltő egységekben két különböző mederméretet határoztunk meg. A nagyobbak deltaágak, míg a kisebbek deltaág-elvégződések és azokhoz kapcsolódó torkolati zátonyok. Az agyagos összlet kimélyülés hatására alakult ki a hullámzás által legyalult elöntési felszín felett. Az őskörnyezeti rekonstrukció arra mutat, hogy az összes feltárás rétegsora egy többszintű, összetett völgykitöltés során keletkezett. A völgybevágódást egy 15-20 méteres vízszintesés hozta létre, amely fokozatosan feltöltődött a vízszint emelkedésének ütemében. Ezekre a völgykitöltő üledékekre települ a fedő agyagos rész, amely mindegyik feltárásban hasonlóan jelenik meg, és egy elöntési esemény hatására jött létre. A vizsgált feltárásokban két fő szállítási irányt állapítottunk meg. Az egyik DDK-i, amely a völgybevágódás irányát mutatja és megegyezik a Pannon-tó selfperemének a területen megállapított épülési irányával. A másik NyDNy-i, amely a mellékvölgy alárendeltsége miatt eltérő a jellemző szállítási iránytól. A Pannon-tóból már ismert völgykitöltéseket összevetve a dél-zselici területen létrejött völgybevágódással megállapítottuk, hogy ezek egy, vagy akár több 15-20 méteres vízszintesési esemény hatására alakulhattak ki, melyek jellemzőek voltak a Pannon-tóra. Eredményeink hozzájárulnak a völgybevágódások, deltaág-elvégződések, torkolati zátonyok és tavi környezetben létrejött delták megismeréséhez, valamint a tavi vízszintváltozások hatásainak vizsgálatához.
A fénymikroszkóp rövid története és magyarországi használatának elterjedése a geológia területén
Authors: Csath Béla , Józsa Sándor
Published: May 2023

Nem tudjuk biztosan, hogy kik és mikor készítettek nagyításra alkalmas eszközöket először, de amikor észrevették az emberek egyes természeti jelenségek ilyen hatását, majd ezek mintájára a megfelelő eszközt elő is tudták állítani, a végtelenül nagy, távoli és végtelenül kicsi világok csodáira vonatkozó emberi kíváncsiság ezen a területen is hihetetlen technikai fejlődést eredményezett. Jelen munkában csak a közelmúltig, az 1800-as évek végéig vázolom fel ezt a folyamatot a 4–5000 évvel ezelőtti, egyszerű hegyikristályból, üvegből vagy vízzel teli edény segítségével készített lencséktől az egyszerűbb, majd egyre bonyolultabb és egyre szebb képet adó mikroszkópokig. Eljutunk a polarizációs mikroszkóp és a petrográfia térhódításához és a legnagyobb magyar geológusok, Hantken Miksa, Szabó József és Zsigmondy Vilmos mikroszkóppal kapcsolatos tevékenységéhez.
Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Melalui Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Problem Based Learning
Authors: Syafitri Indah , Murni Atma , Siregar Syarifah Nur
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa perangkat pembelajaran berbasis Problem Based Learning yang memenuhi syarat valid dan praktis untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa kelas XII SMA pada materi jarak dalam ruang. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model 4D. Instrumen pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi dan angket respon siswa dan didukung oleh lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Kevalidan produk dinilai oleh 3 orang validarot ahli. Kepraktisan produk diukur berdasarkan respon siswa SMA N 12 Pekanbaru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran ini layak dan mudah digunakan untuk pembelajaran. Perangkat pembelajaran berupa silabus, RPP dan LAS ini dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dan bahan ajar untuk pembelajaran jarak dalam ruang. Penelitian perlu dilanjutkan untuk menguji keefektivan perangkat pembelajaran ini terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa.
Petunjuk Praktikum Elektronik Aljabar Linear Berbasis Nilai-nilai Kesilaman Berbantuan Wolfram Mathematica
Authors: Aziza Mela , Yumarni Asmara
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengembangan dan pengujian kelayakan petunjuk praktikum elektronik Aljabar Linear berbasis nilai-nilai keislaman berbantuan Wolfram Mathematica. Tahap pengembangan yang dilakukan menggunakan pengembangan model Plomp namun dibatasi hanya sampai empat fase yaitu fase investigasi awal, fase desain, fase realisasi, dan fase tes, evaluasi dan revisi.  Setelah dilakukan analsisis masalah dan kebutuhan serta dilakukan pengembangan, petunjuk praktikum diuji kelayakannya kepada lima ahli (ahli materi, bahasa, dan media). Dari uji kelayakan ini diperoleh data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis data kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan kategori kelayakan sebelum dan sesudah revisi prototype petunjuk praktikum yaitu dari kategori Layak menjadi Sangat Layak. Sedangkan dari data kualitatif, dilakukan sepuluh bagian revisi terhadap petunjuk praktikum sehingga dihasilkan produk Akhir yang bisa diakses secara offline maupun online.