bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Madde Kullanan Kişilerde Kendi Kendini Tedavi Yönteminde Öne Çıkan Unsurlar
Authors: Bayraktar Ayşe Hande , Aktürk İlker , Yaman Ömer Miraç
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Madde kullanımı ile başlayan bağımlılık birçok faktörün bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan süreçtir. Biyopsikososyal bir sorun olan bağımlılık iyileşme ve tekrarlamalarla seyreder. Bağımlılık tek boyutlu bir sorun olmadığı için tedavi sürecide tek boyutlu düşünülmemelidir. Dolayısıyla bağımlılık tedavisi bütüncül yaklaşımla ele alınmalıdır. Bu noktada bağımlılık tedavisinin sürekli ve uzun yıllar devam etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle uygulanan tedavilerin komplike ve zarar azaltmaya yönelik olması gerekmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı madde kullanıcısı olan kişilerde kendi kendine tedavi yönteminde öne çıkan unsurları incelemektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma içerisinde yer alan fenomenolojik araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 16 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemine göre yorumlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Veriler kapsamında 3 tema oluşturulmuştur. Bu temalar, “Kendi Kendine Tedavi Sürecinde Kullanılan Yöntemler”, “Kendi Kendini Tedaviyi Seçmede Motivasyon Kaynakları”, “Kendi Kendini Tedavi Etmek Zorunda Kalmak” şeklinde isimlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Kişilerin kendi kendilerine tedavi etme stratejileri açısından öne çıkan unsurlar; ilaç kullanımı, çevre değişikliği, madde isteğiyle başa çıkarken aktiviteler yapma, maddeyi temin edememe, manevi yönelim, sorumluluk alma ve aile desteği olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu bulgular, madde kullanımı olan bireylerin kendi kendine tedavi süreçlerine yönelik daha etkili destek ve müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Learning How to Learn Languages: A Transformative Learning Approach to Empower Effective Language Learners
Authors: Eisenchlas Susana A , Shoecraft Kelly
Published: August 2023

This practice report describes a 12-week stand-alone course designed to address the challenges university students face in foreign language classes. Adopting principles of transformative language learning, course content, activities and resources were designed and implemented to dispel myths and preconceptions regarding language instruction, promote self-directed, independent learning, and raise awareness of the cognitive and socio-emotional processes involved in language learning. Students’ feedback indicate that the course had a significant impact on their perceptions of adult language learning, their capacity to reflect on their use of strategies, and the importance of developing a plan to continue applying these new understandings in their academic pursuits. The course fostered a shift in students’ perspective, from viewing themselves as passive recipients of ‘language injections’, to becoming self-directed, motivated, and independent learners.
Messaging strategies of Ukraine and Russia on Telegram during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Ghasiya Piyush , Sasahara Kazutoshi
Published: August 2023

The popularity of the instant messaging app Telegram in Ukraine and Russia was already high before the still-ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, since 24 February 2022 (when the Russian invasion began), it has seen huge increases in subscribers and has even become the primary communication and news source in Ukraine. In this exploratory research, we analyzed Telegram channels from both Ukraine (@UkraineNow — the official channel of the Ukrainian government, and @V_Zelenskiy_official — the official channel of Volodymyr Zelenskyy) and Russia (@rt_russian — the official channel of the news network RT) to understand communication patterns in the Ukraine-Russia conflict. Our analysis of 37,172 posts showed that while @UkraineNow is being used in particular to communicate invasion-related news, @rt_russian is working as a mere extension of RT, which is part of the pro-Kremlin propaganda and disinformation ecosystem. However, Zelenskyy has opted for a completely different approach: he is using his Telegram channel to encourage Ukrainians and to garner support from the world. Thousands have lost their lives and millions have become refugees in this war that has now gone on for more than a year. Our timely research seeks to determine how both countries’ governments utilize Telegram as a weapon in an information war and the impact of this information war on the ground.
“I’m comfortable with it”: User stories of health information on Wikipedia
Authors: Smith Denise A.
Published: August 2023

Applying a critical-constructivist approach, 21 semi-structured interviews conducted from June to October 2021 were analyzed thematically. Qualitative analysis suggests that users reported that Wikipedia’s health content can facilitate personal agency, is familiar and convenient to access, and that individuals’ trust in Wikipedia is contextual, conditional, and framed by their personal experiences.
Dynamics of digitally networked leadership in #blacklivesmatter
Authors: Van Haperen Sander , Uitermark Justus
Published: August 2023

Using the hashtag #blacklivesmatter, activists have given new impetus to aspirations of ‘leaderful’ organizing. Disavowing the centralization of leadership and rethinking the history of the struggle for civil rights, many have sought to develop and revamp models of decentralized leadership. Digital networking features prominently in these models, but the literature suggests its role is ambiguous: while social media provide affordances for decentralized leadership, they may also induce the centralization of leadership. To examine such leadership dynamics, we adopt a computational approach. Drawing on a dataset of roughly 18 million tweets collected over a 30-month period, we examine two aspects of leadership dynamics: the concentration of leadership (i.e., inequality in terms of centrality within networks) and the consolidation of leadership (i.e., the degree to which central figures retain prominence over time). Engaging with the measurement of network inequality by differentiating temporal aspects of concentration and consolidation, we show that leadership dynamics fluctuate strongly over time. Aside from a select few individuals, there is little consolidation of leadership: new voices can consistently rise to prominence. Beyond providing an examination of online leadership dynamics within the Movement for Black Lives, this paper shows how computational analyses can be adopted in ways that do justice to the dynamic and diverse nature of movements.
Interventions in scholarly communication: Design lessons from public health
Authors: Altman Micah , Cohen Philip N. , Polka Jessica
Published: August 2023

Many argue that swift and fundamental interventions in the system of scholarly communication are needed. However, there are substantial disagreements over the short- and long-term benefits of most proposed approaches to changing the practice of science communication, and the lack of systematic, empirically based research in this area makes these controversies difficult to resolve. We argue that experience within public health can be usefully applied to scholarly communication.

Starting with the history of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) application, we illustrate four ways complex human systems threaten reliable predictions and blunt ad-hoc interventions. We then show how these apply to interventions in scholarly publication – open access based on the article processing charge (APC), and preprints – to yield surprising results. Finally, we offer approaches to help guide the design of future interventions: identifying measures and outcomes, developing infrastructure, incorporating assessment, and contributing to theories of systemic change.
The awkward semantics of Facebook reactions
Authors: Paolillo John C.
Published: August 2023

Facebook originally had a single reaction feature, like, which was updated in 2016 with five other options, and again in 2020 with a sixth. The intended meanings of these features remains unclear: they are both constrained in expressive range and potentially confused with one another. This study examines the distribution of these reactions across seven samples of Facebook posts to evaluate their potential meanings and assess their comparability across contexts, in terms of three current approaches to interpreting social media meanings: engagement, sentiment, and face-work. The reactions’ distribution is complex and unstable across samples and the available aggregate data does not reveal face-work patterns which are otherwise readily observable. In conclusion, cautions are offered regarding interpreting quantitative analyses of reaction features.
Popping the hood on Chinese balloons: Examining the discourse between U.S. and China-geotagged accounts
Authors: Ng Lynnette Hui Xian , Carley Kathleen M.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we examined online conversations on Twitter about a Chinese balloon spotted over U.S. airspace in January 2023. We investigated the conversations between U.S.-based, China-based and accounts from the rest of the world. We also studied the difference between bots and human accounts within these conversations. We found that U.S.-based accounts referred to the balloon as a surveillance balloon, China-based accounts focused on the shooting and removal of the balloon, while the rest of the world engaged in general discourse. There were also some differences in the focus of topics between bots and human accounts within each region.
La productividad laboral y la competitividad logística de la economía peruana en relación los otros países de la región (2010-2022)
Authors: Escajadillo Chimayco Walter
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la evolución de la productividad laboral y la competitividad logística en la economía peruana en comparación con otros países de la región, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2022. Se buscó examinar los factores que han influido en el desempeño productivo y competitivo, así como identificar las fortalezas y áreas de mejora en relación con la región. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue cuantitativa y no experimental, adoptando un enfoque longitudinal que abarcó desde el año 2010 hasta el 2022. La población considerada en el estudio fueron los indicadores macroeconómicos tanto de Perú como de América Latina y el Caribe. Mediante el análisis de estos indicadores, se pudo evaluar la productividad laboral y la competitividad logística de Perú en comparación con la región. Se aplicaron diversas técnicas, como el ANOVA, para examinar la significancia de los cambios observados en los diferentes factores analizados. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que Perú ha logrado avances significativos en términos de productividad laboral y competitividad logística durante el periodo analizado. El país ha superado ligeramente el promedio de la región en varios aspectos, como la calidad de la infraestructura y la eficiencia en el despacho aduanero. Asimismo, se ha destacado en la coordinación de embarques a precios competitivos. Sin embargo, también se identificaron áreas de mejora, como la facilidad para localizar y hacer seguimientos a los envíos. Aunque Perú ha logrado una mayor puntualidad en la frecuencia de arribo de los embarques al destinatario, se reconoce la necesidad de fortalecer los sistemas de seguimiento y localización. En resumen, este estudio proporciona una visión general de la evolución de la productividad laboral y la competitividad logística en Perú en comparación con otros países de la región. Los resultados destacan los logros alcanzados por el país, pero también subrayan las áreas que requieren atención y mejora continua. Estos hallazgos pueden ser de utilidad para la formulación de políticas y estrategias que impulsen aún más el desarrollo económico y la competitividad de Perú en el ámbito regional.
Gasification Prospective of Compressed Industrial Tea (Camellia sinensis) Waste using Fixed Bed Downdraft Gasifier
Authors: Sonu Kumar  , P. K. Pranav
Published: August 2023

India is the second largest producer of tea in the world. Assam contributes 53 % of total plantation area and 54 % of total production of the country. Large quantity of waste is generated from tea processing which has negligible economic value. Industrial tea waste was collected from a nearby tea industry and converted into briquette after mixing with binding material. Briquette’s characteristics prepared from industrial tea waste (ITW) was found good for gasification. The calorific value of ITW was measured as 18.01 MJ.kg-1. Gasification was carried out at air flow rates of 25.32, 31.65, 34.08, and 42.96 Nm3 .h-1 at four inlet settings of the blower. The producer gas composition (CO = 18.7 % and H2 = 15.5 %) was highest at 31.65 Nm3 .h-1 air flow rate. Maximum combustible gas discharge was 0.78 Nm3 .kg-1 at air flow of 31.65 Nm3 .h-1 and feed rate of 14.30 kg.h-1. Measured and estimated calorific value of the producer gas was 4.10 and 4.63 MJ.Nm-3, respectively, with 54.55 % gasification efficiency. It was concluded that ITW has good gasification potential, and may be utilised by the tea industry for partial independence from use of conventional sources of energy.
The Mistakes of Super Powers in Afghanistan
Authors: Salangi Mohammad Mullah
Published: August 2023

Afghanistan’s strategic location and lying at the crossroad linking the Central Asian States with South Asian region motivated major powers to take interest and competing with each other for the purpose of dominance. This paved the way for making Afghanistan battleground of different powers. So, Afghanistan is a country with a myriad history inflicted with conflicts of interests among regional and international powers. Therefore, Afghanistan has a deep history of insurgency, resistance and wars that shapes the perceptions of the people who live there. For instance, Taliban propaganda portrayed Afghanistan’s President Hamid Karzai as an American Shah Shuja, a cutting reference to the king the British brought to power in 1839 during the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42). When British troops deployed to southern Afghanistan in 2006, residents feared they had been sent to take revenge for the Afghan victory at the Battle of Maiwand which took place there during the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1880. In addition, plans for withdrawing international forces from Afghanistan, immediately make Afghans recall the Soviet withdrawal in 1989 that began a slide to civil war. However, the super powers interferences in the internal affairs (cultural and religious values) of the Afghans lead to wars and political turmoil so much so that the country cannot be turned to a stable state. The paper examines the mistakes of major powers and their destruction role in the continuing civil war and miserable situations of the Afghan people.
Prison Puzzle Uluslararası Mimari Fikir Yarışması Projeleri Kapsamında Cezaevi Mimarlığında Yeni Yaklaşımlar Üzerine Bir Okuma
Authors: Güney İpek , Dokgöz Gül Deniz
Published: August 2023

Suçlunun cezalandırılması durumuna tarihsel süreç içinde hemen her dönemde rastlanmaktadır. Suçun tanımının günden güne değişmesi durumu cezalandırma yöntemlerine de yansıdığından, zamana ve kültüre göre değişiklik gösteren ıslah anlayışı da bu bağlamda mekanları farklı biçimlerde şekillendirebilmektedir. Bu konuda son zamanlarda, mimarinin kullanıcı davranışını yönlendirebilme ve iyileştirebilme etkisi üzerinde durulmakta, bu sebeple tasarımcıların bakış açıları da dikkate alınmaktadır. Hatta bazı ülkelerde bu konudaki önerilerin daha kolektif ve yapıcı bir platform üzerinde toplanması sağlanarak modeller, mimari yarışmalar beraberinde elde edilebilmektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak, yapılan çalışmada ilk olarak cezaevlerinin, yer yer cezalandırma usullerine de bağlı olarak, tarihsel süreçteki gelişimi incelenmiştir. Devamında, günümüze kadar olan sürecin ardından, 21. yüzyılda cezaevi mimarisini şekillendiren bir olgu olarak ‘yarışma’ konusu, güncel yaklaşımları algılayabilmek adına araştırma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan ve bu alandaki en güncel örneklerden olan ‘Prison Puzzle’ adlı mimari fikir yarışması projeleri üzerinden, uluslararası platformdaki yeni yaklaşımları görebilmek adına senkronize bir okuma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen okumada sırasıyla, problem tanımları, kuramsal yaklaşımlar ve tasarım önerileri irdelenmiş olup, her katılıma dair anahtar kavramlar çıkarılmıştır. Değerlendirme kısmında ise, bu yarışma kapsamındaki projelerde konunun nasıl ele alındığı ve sunulan fikirlerin nasıl mekansallaştığı karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş, ardından gelinen noktada cezaevi mimarisinin nereye evrildiği hakkında birtakım çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.
Morphological Analysis of Ksar Tadjrouna in Laghouat, Algeria
Authors: Mahcar Fatiha Imane
Published: August 2023

Algeria is endowed with a very important heritage, reflecting the passage of different civilizations and cultures, their conservation and enhancement constitutes one of the main challenges practice of architectural preservation. Currently, Algeria like all the countries of the world is faced with a phenomenon of demographic growth accompanied by economic development, which has caused excessive urban sprawl characterized by standardized architecture, causing neglect and abandonment of the old districts of cities. This has created the problem of abandonment, marginalization and degradation of this heritage. The Ksar of Tadjrouna in Laghouat, Algeria is one of the 5 Ksours of Laghouat (located on an archaeological site) which is characterized by its richness of urban fabric. Also, it is characterized by its seniority which allows us to take it as a conceptual landmark of traditional architecture. The objective of our study is for the protection of the urban heritage in Algeria from degradation and the need for its safeguard by the morphological analysis of Ksar Tadjrouna in Laghouat which is an example which requires operations of conservation and preservation.
Globalization and the Rise of Individualism in Algeria from an Architectural
Authors: Fellahi Nadjla
Published: August 2023

In an increasingly globalized world, where boundaries are blurred and connections strengthened, the field of architecture finds itself deeply influenced by this phenomenon. Algeria, like many other regions, has undergone urban and architectural transformations in recent decades, making the study of globalization's impacts on architecture a crucial endeavour. This qualitative research aims to evaluate the specific influences of globalization on the architectural landscape of Batna City in Algeria. Utilizing secondary data and observations, this study investigates the rise of individualism and detached houses in Batna City, which have witnessed notable architectural variations in recent decades. By analysing the underlying reasons behind the production of detached house samples and their connection with the rise of individualism, this research sheds light on the intersecting economic, political, and cultural forces of globalization that shape the built environment in Batna. The findings of this study reveal that globalization, along with economic and political shifts, urban expansion, and technological advancements, has contributed to the proliferation of individualism in Batna. It becomes evident that individualism is not a recent phenomenon but rather a trend that emerged shortly after independence and deepened in the post-2000s era. The manifestation of individualism is highly influenced by the forces of globalization and the media's portrayal of Western culture. This research holds significance for the field of architecture in Algeria, providing valuable insights into the impacts of globalization on architectural trends and the built environment. By understanding these influences, architects and policymakers can better navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization, ensuring the continued development of culturally sensitive and contextually relevant architectural designs.
A Review on Impact of Agrochemicals on Human Health and Natural Environment
Authors: Said Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Agrochemical exposure periods and levels, types of agrochemicals used, and various environmental conditions of the areas are factors for acute and chronic poisoning on human health and the environment. Although agrochemicals are the result of modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides but their continuous use against agricultural pests and disease vectors poses serious threats to both human health and the environment. Overuse of these chemicals has severe effects on humans and the environment that may lead to immediate and long-term effects. In developing countries, it is very difficult to find out the impact on the environment due to a lack of awareness, training, and adequate knowledge of using agrochemicals. Investigating farmers’ awareness of agrochemicals residues and their behaviors regarding the application is important in order to reduce human factors that negatively affect environmental safety. The review focuses on a summary of both national and international studies regarding the impact of pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues on nature, both humans and the environment. This review has revealed the hazardous effect like cancer, neural disorders, and other health-related problems and environmental risks associated with agrochemical exposure.
The Effect of Amino Acid Applications on Fruit Quality in “Kırmızı” Pistachio Variety
Authors: Mansoor Mujibullah , Bilgin Nihal Acarsoy , Mısırlı Adalet
Published: August 2023

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is an important type of nut fruit in Türkiye and has value in terms of health and nutrition. Amino acids, which are one of the essential components in the process of protein synthesis in plants, are also called biostimulants. Today, these components affect fruit quality and yield positively and are used specially to increase the resistance of plants to stress. In this study, which was carried out in Demirci district of Manisa province in 2020 to determine the effect of amino acid application in different doses (0, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml/lt) on some fruit characteristics of "Kırmızı" pistachio cultivar, the treatments were applied from leaves twice (2) in May and June. Accordingly, 7.5 ml/lt (12.97 mm) and 10 ml/lt (12.70 mm) applications were found to be statistically significant in terms of fruit width. In addition, the most positive results in terms of fruit size (24.90 mm), fruit weight (1.03 g), nut weight (0.37 g) and kernel ratio (36.19%) were obtained from 10 ml/lt amino acid application. In addition, with amino acid applications, the kernel color changed from yellow to green tones and gained a brighter color. The most effective application in terms of color values was determined as amino acid at a dose of 7.5 ml/lt. As a result, amino acid applications have a positive effect in terms of improving quality properties.
Kanatlı Hayvan Beslemede Bal Arısı Ürünlerinin Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanımı
Authors: Güner Erkan , AÇIKGÖZ Zümrüt
Published: August 2023

Kanatlı hayvan beslemede büyümeyi teşvik etmek amacıyla uzun yıllar bilinçsizce kullanılan antibiyotiklerin ürünlerde kalıntı problemine ve patojen bakterilerde direnç gelişimine neden olmalarından dolayı Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri’nde ve Türkiye’de yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımları yasaklanmıştır. Bu gelişmelere müteakip antibiyotiklerin yerine kullanılabilecek doğal ürün arayışı hız kazanmıştır. Günümüzde doğal, gıda güvenliğini sağlayabilen, mevcut mevzuatlarla uyumlu ve sürdürülebilir hayvansal üretime uygun katkı maddeleri olarak enzimler, probiyotikler, prebiyotikler, simbiyotikler, organik asitler ve bitkisel ekstraktlar/uçucu yağlar önerilmektedir. Son yıllarda antibiyotik alternatifi ürünler kapsamında çeşitli bal arısı ürünleri üzerinde de önemle durulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda değerlendirilen bal arısı ürünleri ise bal, arı sütü, propolis, arı poleni, arı zehiri ve arının farklı gelişim safhalarındaki formlarıdır (larvalardır). Çeşitli karbonhidratlar, organik asitler, proteinler, amino asitler, yağ asitleri, mineraller, vitaminler, aroma maddeleri, enzimler, polifenoller, flavonoidler, fenolik asitler gibi bileşenleri içeren bu ürünlerin kanatlı hayvanlarının fizyolojisini dolayısıyla performansını etkileyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Ancak, günümüze değin yem katkı maddesi olarak bal arısı ürünlerinin kullanım potansiyellerinin incelendiği çalışmalarda çelişkili sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu bildiride, bal arısı ürünleri hakkında bilgi verilerek kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımlarına ilişkin çalışmalar irdelenecektir.
Et Hayvanlarının Beslenmesinde Alternatif Protein Kaynağı: Mikroalgler
Authors: Altan Nagehan Nur , ACAR MUAZZEZ CÖMERT
Published: August 2023

Beyaz ve kırmızı et; hayvansal kaynaklı proteinlerin en önemlilerindendir. Hayvansal üretimde sürdürebilirliğin artırılması için alternatif yem protein kaynakları kullanımının teşvik edilmesi, Covid- 19 gibi pandemi durumlarında yurt dışından yem tedarik sorunlarının çözümü, rekabet koşulları ve üretim maliyetindeki artışı nedeniyle son yıllarda daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Alternatif protein kaynakları içinde, çiftlikte yetiştirilen baklagil tohumları, böcek unları ve mikroalgler sürdürebilir olmayan soya veya kolza küspesi yerine kullanılabilmeleri nedeniyle günümüzde hayvan beslemede tercih edilmeye başlamıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar mikroalglerin hem kümes hayvanları hem de ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde performans ve kaliteyi artırmak amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bildirinin amacı; geleceğe yönelik alternatif protein kaynaklarından biri olan mikroalglerin besin değerleri ve kompozisyonları açıklanarak fonksiyonelliği ile kümes ve ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde büyüme performansı, et kalitesine yönelik bazı çalışmalar ve besi performansı uygulanabilirliği hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Bazı Alternatif Yem Kaynaklarının Hayvan Beslemede Kullanım Olanakları
Authors: Doğan Ekrem Sezer , Kırkpınar Figen
Published: August 2023

Hayvancılık endüstrisinde işletme maliyetinin %60-80'ini oluşturan yem giderleri maliyet ve sürdürülebilir üretim bakımından önemlidir. Son yıllarda özellikle hayvan beslemede yaygın olarak kullanılan mısır, soya ve diğer yem hammaddelerinin fiyat artış̧eğilimi göstermesi nedeniyle alternatif yem kaynaklarına olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Gelecekte yem hammadde stoklarının yetersizliği ve fiyatlarının yükselmesi beklenen bir durumdur. Bu nedenle hayvan beslemede alternatif yem kaynakları olarak kullanılabilecek hammaddelerin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Alternatif yem kaynakları arasında ülkemizde faaliyet gösteren çeşitli gıda ve tarım firmalarından yan ürünler olarak elde edilen fındık küspesi, fıstık küspesi, bisküvi-gofret kırığı, yüksek proteinli kurutulmuş çözünürlü damıtık tahıl (DDGS), kuru maya, pirinç kepeği, zeytin küspesi, mısır özü küspesi, keten tohumu küspesi, mercimek kırığı, mercimek kepeği, pirinç kırığı, bulgur kırığı, nohut kırığı ve yüksek proteinli ayçiçek tohumu küspesi sayılabilir. Bu makalede söz konusu alternatif yem kaynaklarının kuru madde, ham kül, ham yağ, ham protein,nişasta, şeker, ham selüloz, nötr deterjan lif, asit deterjan lif ve asit deterjan lignin içerikleri ve hayvan beslemede potansiyel yem değerleri ile ilgili araştırmaların sonuçları incelenecektir. Sürdürülebilir hayvan besleme ve yem maliyetlerinin azaltılması perspektifleri ile alternatif bazı yem hammaddelerinin hayvan beslemede kullanım olanakları, yaygın olarak kullanılan mısır, buğday, arpa, soya fasulyesi ve ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi gibi yem kaynakları ile karşılaştırılarak irdelenecektir.
Antibiotics Abuse: A Common Phenomenon in Nigeria and Pakistan
Authors: Abibu Wasiu Ayodele , Kolawole Amos Oyebisi , Bamigbade Gafar Babatunde , Sakariyau AbdulWasiu , Oyelami Oluwaseun Isaac , Javed Aqib
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics abuse remains a global health concern adversely affecting developing and developed nations of the world. Antibiotics are meant to achieve a static or cidal effect on targeted bacteria. However, antibiotics abuse prevents the intended results for its use. Uncontrolled dosage and negligence of prescription from qualified medical practitioners remain the major source of antibiotics abuse. The ffects may be life threatening and may eventually lead to death. This study takes a look at resident’s awareness of antibiotics abuse and its effects. Nigeria and Pakistan (most populated nations in West Africa and South Asia respectively) were the research areas used in the survey. The research involved 1000 respondents. 52.6% of the respondents were females while 46.8% were male out of which the highest age group (48.6%) of respondents falls within 21 to 30. Almost all respondents are aware of the role of antibiotics in disease treatment and 82.2% respondents have taken antibiotics in the last 12 months against infections ranging from Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), Coughs and many more. From the survey, more than 70% of the participants attested to using antibiotics without prescription from a qualified physician. Furthermore, 20% of respondents have been hospitalized for antibiotics abuse. The study showed that antibiotics abuse is still a menace ravaging our society. We therefore recommend that health regulatory authorities in these countries to emulate the measures put in place by developed nations to eradicate this menace in our society.
Fig (Ficus carica) Valorization via ABE Fermentation into Organic Acids and Solvents
Authors: Abibu Wasiu Ayodele , Karapınar Ilgi
Published: August 2023

The concern on the adverse environmental effects of global warming and fossil fuel challenged human intellect to find renewable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel substitutes. This was fully supported by governmental and non-governmental organizations across the globe. The fig (Ficus carica) is an edible Mediterranean fruit that is abundantly cultivated in Turkiye. Waste figs are carcinogenic and toxigenic. Thus, it’s a good option to converting it into value added products. The main objective of this research is to study the effects of cations (Zn2+, Mg2+ and Mn+ ) and electron mediators (Neutral red and Methyl viologen) on the acetogenesis and solventogenesis stages of the ABE process. One factor at a time (OFAT) simple experimental design was employed in this study. Organicacids (lactic, acetic and butyric acid) and organic solvents (ethanol, acetone and butanol) are the main product of the ABE (Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol) fermentation. From the results, maximum concentrations of Lactic, acetic, butyric acid, ethanol, acetone and butanol were recorded at MV15(mg/L), Mg400(mg/L), Mg400 (mg/L) NR15(mg/L), Mn56(mg/L), and MV15(mg/L) respectively.
Plasticity Based Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Al Saman Marwan , ÇANKAYA Mehmet Alper
Published: August 2023

In this study, a blind simulation was carried out to predict the response of full-scale steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams (SFRC) subjected to four-point bending. For this purpose, an experimental study was selected from the literature. Bending tests of two beam specimens with prismatic geometry of 300x500x4400 and 150x250x2000 mm were simulated using the non-linear finite element (NLFE) code ABAQUS/Explicit [1]. In the full-scale numerical models, concrete, and steel rebars were discretized in space by eight-node reduced integration linear brick elements (C3D8R) and linear beam elements (B31), respectively. Additionally, concrete damage plasticity (CDP) constitutive model was adopted for concrete and the stress-strain relationship of steel reinforcements was established based on the piecewise functions given in Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) 2018 [2]. The embedded element technique was used to establish a perfect bond between concrete brick elements and steel reinforcement beam elements. Therefore, concrete elements were selected to be host elements while steel reinforcement was embedded in the host material. Support conditions and loading plates were explicitly modeled using eight-node brick element (C3D8R) as rectangular prisms. The interaction between the plates and beam specimen was provided by tie constraint. Results from the numerical analyses included load-displacement curve and crack pattern variables which are considered to verify the experimental results.
A Design Perspective on the Stability of Timber Beams Under Lateral Torsional Buckling
Authors: Sarıahmet Melike , Toğay Oğuzhan
Published: August 2023

Lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of timber beams is an important out-of-plane behavior mode due to large depth/width ratios and long span lengths, as in steel beams. A beam that is subjected to a lateral torsional buckling failure would deform under an applied load or moment until the critical moment (Mcr) is reached, after that, a slight increase in the applied moment will create large out-of- plane deformations, and the beam will buckle by deflecting laterally and twisting. If the compression zone of the beam is braced by using out-of-plane nodal lateral bracing, these deformations can be prevented. In timber structures, specifications of the nodal bracing for timber beams are not clear enough to provide easy-to-use calculations in Eurocode 5. This study aims to investigate the optimum level of the bracing stiffness using the brace force - brace stiffness relationship, so that bracing calculations are easier to be applied. As the nature of nodal bracing, it is expected to observe lesser brace forces as the brace stiffness increases. However, this effect balanced itself at optimum brace stiffness. After the ideal stiffness value is reached, any brace stiffness greater than this value does not increase substantially the buckling capacity of the beam. In this paper, the study is conducted using a validation of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) coupled with experimental studies from the literature. Also, different sizes of the specimens were generated using the FEA procedure to conduct a matrix of cases that includes both brace stiffnesses and sizes of timber beams. These matrices are then presented in graphs that demonstrate the optimum level to stabilize the beams. The Eurocode 5 effective length design concept was used for the calculations. This study provides easy-to-use bracing calculations to reduce the effect of LTB on timber beams.
Kendinden Yerleşen Harç Üretiminde Süper Akışkanlaştırıcı Toz Katkı Türünün İncelenmesi
Authors: Birgül Melek , Gündüz Lütfullah
Published: August 2023

Farklı kombinasyonlarda hazırlanan harçlar, inşaat sektöründe farklı amaçlarla yaygın olarak kullanılan malzemelerdendir. Harç malzemeler genellikle genel amaçlı örgü harcı, sıva harcı ve/veya yapıştırma harcı uygulamaları için kullanımları sıklıkla görülmektedir. Teknik olarak daha yüksek niteliğe sahip formlarda üretilip tamir-tarama uygulamaları için kullanılabildiği gibi, bina yalıtımına yardımcı olma amaçlı kullanımlarının yanı sıra tesviye amaçlı şap uygulamalarında da kullanımları görülmektedir. Her bir uygulama yerine göre harcın bileşenleri, kompozisyonu, uygulamadaki kıvamı ve sertleşmiş harç formundaki teknik özellikleri birbirinden farklılıklar göstermektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda kendinden yerleşen, uygulamada sıkılaştırma ve vibrasyona ihtiyaç duymaksızın kullanım yerinde kolaylık sağlayan ve yüksek mukavemet özelliklerine de sahip harç kombinasyonları giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu amaçla geliştirilmiş harç türevlerinin sıklıkla tesviye amaçlı şap uygulamalarında kullanımları görüldüğü gibi, yatay düzlemde tamir-tarama amaçlı harç uygulamalarında da kullanımları görülebilmektedir. Ancak, harcın kendinden yerleşebilme özelliğini sağlayan ana etken parametrelerin teknik olarak detayları yeterince tecrübe edinilmemiştir. Bu ağlamda, ince tane boyutuna sahip malzemelerden yapılan bir harcın kendinden yayılabilme özelliğine etken bileşenlerinin araştırılması ve optimum uygulama koşullarının belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çimento bağlayıcılı farklı orijinlere sahip ince taneli agrega malzemelerin ana bileşen malzeme olarak kullanıldığı ve yenil nesil kategorisinde nitelendirilen 2 ayrı farklı türdeki süper akışkanlaştırıcı toz katkı malzemesinin kullanımıyla oluşturulan alternatif harç karışımlarının deneysel olarak teknik özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle kendinden yerleşen harç kombinasyonunun karışım bileşenlerinin ön değerlendirmesi amacıyla bir seri çimento+agrega+toz katkı formundan oluşan referans bir harç karışımı tasarlanarak teknik değerleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, çalışma kapsamı detaylandırılarak hafif ve doğal gözenekli agrega malzeme kullanılarak yeni karışım tasarımları olarak bir seri alternatif malzeme bileşenli harç karışımları oluşturulmuştur. Her bir harç tasarımı için ayrı ayrı test örnekleri hazırlanarak, her bir karışımın kıvamı, kendinden yayılabilme özellikleri, yoğunluk gibi teknik değerlerinin yanı sıra, elde edilen sertleşmiş harç örneklerinin mekanik dayanım değerleri analiz edilmiştir.
Production of New Generation Packaging Materials with Utilization of Food Wastes
Authors: Özkaya Pelin , YILDIZ DİLAY , UYARCAN MÜGE , DAĞBAĞLI SEVAL
Published: August 2023

Food packaging is considered as important as food production due to being determinant on the quality and safety of food, in addition to informing customers about the product details (shelf life, ingredients, presence of allergens, etc.). Hence, packaging technology has also been progressing together with food production techniques. Recently, environmentalist approaches have pushed the researchers to green technologies and materials within the production of innovative food packages. In this frame, selection of green and renewable materials can be considered as the first step for such kind of a production. Food wastes and/or by-products are claimed to be great choice for both waste management and reduction of cost. For this purpose, there exist a wide variety of food wastes that can be originated from fruit and vegetables (peels, seeds, hulls, juice, etc.), whey, molasses and so on. Production methods can also vary, such as being based on a chemical (e.g., production of chitosan) or biotechnological process (e.g., bacterial cellulose production as a packaging material ingredient). As a result, organic based packaging materials are obtained and that kind of production has also been investigated in the concept of “bioplastics”. Production of bioplastic packaging materials generally includes particular steps that can be aligned as pre-treatment of the food waste, main production step (extraction, alkaline treatment, etc.) via a selected method and the addition of a plasticizer to form an appropriate film. In biotechnological production applications, food wastes and by-products are generally utilized as a carbon source (substrate) with specific additives and the formation of necessary conditions for a microbial process, while parameters of the process, yield and purity of the product depend on the production itself. These packaging materials are mostly claimed to be promising alternatives with adequate physical and thermo-mechanical properties, as well as some extra functions such as gaining antimicrobial, antioxidant character with good gas barrier properties for a wide spectrum of food products. This study aims to present a general look on those new generation packaging materials with utilization of food wastes.
Benefits of Probiotic Containing Foods for the Prevention of Enteric Cancer: A Review
Authors: Badawi Nusiba Alsiddig , Akın Mehtap
Published: August 2023

Probiotics that could act as cancer preventive agents, one of the representation of new novel therapeutic options and the beneficial in the prevention and alleviation of symptoms of colon cancer has been proven. The development, progression and treatment of colorectal cancer could be possible by using probiotics that have the potential significantly on it. Moreover, there are different strains of probiotics bacteria which possess varying responses towards the prevention of colorectal cancer. The consumption of prebiotics (special form of dietary fiber that induces the growth of favourable bacteria) and probiotics is the main attention has been focused on to decrease cancer risk through diet variations. The cultured milk, yogurt and other fermented dairy products and foods which contain probiotics have been proven by some recent reports that demonstrated there is an inverse association between cancer risk and them. In addition, the probiotic bacteria in association with prebiotic effectively enhances the humoral immune response has also been shown when that be on an oral administration. The anticancer activity of probiotics obtains by various mechanisms such as augmentation of natural killer cell activity, modulation of host immune response through macrophages (induction of ILs) and restraint of the composition of indigenous microbiota and their metabolic activity are important. Moreover, the enhanced activity of NK cells was also observed in symbiotic association of probiotics with prebiotics (indigestible dietary fiber/carbohydrate). Usage of probiotic nutritional intervention pre and post treatment may provide protection for healthy cells and tissues.
The Plant-Based Enzymes Used in Coagulation of Milk for Cheese Production
Authors: Tirtom Sena , Akpınar Aslı
Published: August 2023

Dairy products have a quite important for the food industry. Cheese, which has more than a thousand varieties, takes it in the first place among dairy products. Coagulation of milk is the most important step in cheese production. A considerable part of the cheese produced in the world is obtained as a result of coagulation of milk with enzymes. The rennets used to provide milk coagulation in cheese production can be obtained from different animal, plant-based and microbial sources. Coagulant enzymes obtained from different sources are called rennet obtained from animal sources. The increase in the amount of cheese production also increases the need for rennet. Due to reasons such as increasing cheese production and consumption around the world, difficult calf rennet supply (expensive and scarce), religious reasons, prohibition of rennet obtained from recombinant calf rennet in some countries, vegetarian preferences of consumers, some diseases that can be transmitted from animals, attitudes towards genetically modified foods have led to the need for alternative coagulants in cheese production. This situation has led to studies on the production of alternative coagulant enzymes of microbial, plant-based and recombinant origin that can be used instead of calf rennet. Enzymes obtained from different parts of plants (such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits) by different extraction methods can be used to coagulate milk. Although coagulant enzymes of plant-based origin are used in the production of traditional cheese varieties in many different countries, they are not used in general areas due to their high proteolytic activities, degradation in coagulum qualities, decrease in yield, and negative effects on sensory properties such as bitter taste formation. In this review, the most commonly used plant-based enzymes used in coagulation of cheese milk and their effects on the final product properties are mentioned.
Investigation of Waste Grape Pulp for Healthy, Functional Beverage Production
Authors: Yıldız Dilay , Gürel Duygu Benzer , Çağındı Özlem , Kayaardı Semra
Published: August 2023

Turkey, where different ecologies coexist, has great potential in fruit and vegetable production. Turkey, which has suitable climate and soil conditions, offers wide opportunities, especially in the field of viticulture and is an important center in the world with its rich grape gene potential. Grapes, which are rich in bioactive components, have an important place in the country's economy and social life for reasons such as providing raw materials to the food industry sector, creating employment opportunities, and having a high export potential, as well as being a valuable nutrient. Nowadays, with the developing understanding of conscious nutrition, the demand for fruit juice and similar products is gradually increasing as consumers turn towards natural and health-beneficial products. The grape, rich in various organic acids, vitamins and minerals and bioactive compounds with natural antioxidant properties has taken its place in the food industry for different purposes. Grape juice, must, molasses and grape pulp produced after wine production is an important food waste. The grape pulp contains 10%-30% of the crushed grape mass and other value-added components such as unfermented sugars, polyphenols, colors, alcohol, and tannins. These compounds should be recovered using acceptable, eco-friendly techniques without compromising the stability or quality of the product. The recovery of useful substances from food waste is a new development in the food industry. Thus, it is achieved to obtain high value-added products. This study, it was aimed to investigate the production of a new functional beverage with high phenolic content by drying the waste grape pulp formed after pressing purple grapes.
Değerli Bir Atık Olan Peynir Altı Suyunun Probiyotik Fermente İçecek Üretiminde Kullanımı
Authors: Doğan Sibel , Söbeli Ceyda
Published: August 2023

Türk Gıda Kodeksi peynir tebliğine göre peynir altı suyu; pıhtı kesimi sonrasında pıhtıdan ayrılan ve teleme dışında kalan yeşilimsi sarı renkteki sıvı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Peynir altı suyu, peynir prosesinin ana yan ürünüdür. Peynir altı suyu yüksek oksijen ihtiyacına sahiptir bu yüzden su kaynaklarına atıldığında çözünmüş oksijeni azaltır ve çevre için risk oluşturur. Peynir altı suyu, farklı düzeylerde laktoz, serum proteinleri (albümin, globülin), vitaminler, mineraller, laktoferrin, laktoperoksidaz gibi minör bileşenler, yüksek amino asit (lösin, izolösin ve valin) içeriğine sahiptir. Peynir altı suyu zengin kuru madde içeriği ile insan sağlığı ve beslenmesi açısından biyolojik değeri yüksek bir atıktır. Peynir altı suyunun gıda ürünlerinde kullanımı, besin değeri zengin gıdaların üretilmesi açısından inovatif, ayrıca atık su arıtma maliyetlerinin düşürülmesine katkı sağlaması ve yanlış bertaraf edilmesinden kaynaklı çevresel zararın azaltılması yönünden büyük ekonomik ve ekolojik değere sahiptir. Muhafaza, taşıma ve depolama kolaylıklarında dolayı peynir altı suyu tozu üretimi ve kullanımı yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Gıda endüstrisinde yoğurtlar, dondurmalar, kekler, şekerlemeler, bebek mamaları, soslar, fırıncılık ürünleri, et ürünleri, çorbalar ve çeşitli içeceklerin gibi gıdaların üretimde kullanılmaktadır. Bunlarla birlikte peynir altı suyu tozundan yemlerle karıştırılarak hayvan beslenmesinde de yararlanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda peynir altı suyunun tek olarak kullanıldığı veya süt, meyve suyu, meyve pulpları vb. ile karıştırılarak ve aynı zamanda probiyotik bakteri ve/veya maya ilaveli birçok inovatif ürün geliştirilmektedir. Özellikle probiyotik mikroorganizmaların büyümesi ve canlılığı için uygun bir besin matrisi sunduğu için fermente peynir altı suyu içecekler ile ilgili araştırmalar artış göstermiştir. Probiyotik fermente peynir altı suyu içeceklerinin, kandaki kolesterol seviyesini düşürücü, laktoz metabolizmasını düzenleyici, kan basıncını düşürücü, antikanserojenik özellikleri ve immun sistem teşviki gibi insan sağlığına olumlu etkiler gösterdiği uzun zamandır bilimsel çalışmalara konu edilmiş ve halen bu konularda çalışmalara devam edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada peynir altı suyu ve farklı probiyotik kültürler kullanılarak üretilen fermente içecekler ile ilgili araştırmalar ürünlerin kalite özellikleri ve insan sağlığına etkileri kapsamında derlenmiştir.