bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um Data Warehouse Textual em Língua Portuguesa: Estudo de caso do sentimento dos usuários do Twitter durante a eleição de 2018
Authors: Suter Jonathan , Nogueira Rodrigo , Tozzi Tatiana , Anderle Daniel , Speroni Rafael
Published: October 2019

As redes sociais cada dia mais causam impacto no cotidiano das pessoas e organizações, neste contexto, o Twitter, no qual um usuário escreve uma expressão com até 280 caracteres e outras pessoas podem ver ou compartilhar novamente essa mesma expressão ou a sua própria. Este artigo apresenta um trabalho que tem como objetivo consumir o grande repositório de dados que é o Twitter, e, a partir dele criar um Data Warehouse no qual é possível analisar os textos, as expressões contidas. Nesta proposta, são incluídos métodos de pré-processamento dos textos. Também para enriquecer essa base com a análise de sentimento, além do projeto do banco de dados a proposta inclui um método classificador para os textos, utilizando aprendizado de máquina, que é capaz de predizer um sentimento relacionado a um Tweet, seja ele positivo, neutro ou negativo.
Redes sociais intra-classe e desempenho acadêmico - uma análise inicial
Authors: Gomes-Jr Luiz
Published: October 2019

A compreensão do efeito dos diversos fatores que influenciam o desempenho acadêmico é um requisito importante para a melhoria de práticas educacionais. Como humanos são seres altamente sociáveis, fatores sociais podem ter um papel importante no contexto acadêmico. Este artigo analisa o impacto sobre o desempenho acadêmico de variáveis sociais como o círculo de amigos de um aluno e variáveis de dinâmica de grupo como tendências de agrupamentos. A análise é baseada em dados de 6 turmas da disciplina Bancos de Dados. Este artigo apresenta resultados iniciais que demonstram correlações estatisticamente relevantes entre fatores sociais e desempenho acadêmico.
Visualização de dados do Índice de Qualidade da Água aplicado a múltiplos pontos em um Sistema de Informação Ambiental
Authors: Schendeider Vania Elisabete , Graciolli Odacir Deonisio , Ribeiro Helena Graziottin , da Silva Adriano Gomes , Cechinatto Mayara
Published: October 2019

Sistemas de Informação podem se configurar como ferramentas para apoio ao estudo e à tomada de decisões relacionadas às questões ambientais. Em conjunto com bancos de dados em formato datawarehouse, estas decisões podem estar voltadas ao âmbito histórico dos dados. O Sistema de Informação Ambiental - SIA, foi desenvolvido para armazenar e permitir a consulta de dados históricos ambientais de diversas centrais hidrelétricas instaladas na Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas. Esse trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de recursos de visualização de dados para o Índice de Qualidade da Água em múltiplos pontos da região.
Die Auswirkungen des Tarifeinheitsgesetzes auf das Arbeitskampfrecht
Authors: Göbel Malte
Published: October 2019

‘No labour disputes are prevented—neither legally nor factually—by the statute on salary unity.’ This is the core assumption of this investigation, which is the exact opposite of the expectation of legislators that the proportionality of labour disputes has to be interpreted in line with the stipulations on salaries in BT-Drs. 18/4062, p. 12. This thesis is based on a comprehensive analysis, closely geared to the practical problems of salary unity and the interaction between the laws on collective bargaining and industrial action in terms of the proportionality of labour disputes, peace obligations and the principle of a workers’ collective bargaining unit. Following several works on the constitutionality of the statute on salary unity, this study is the first to present the practical effects of unified salary agreements in appropriate depth.
Diakonie ist Kirche
Authors: Fichtmüller Matthias
Published: October 2019

In the Protestant understanding, a church has to renew itself continuously.
In the 21st century, Protestant churches have a high reputation but few bonding forces. The results of surveys among churchmen are obvious: The perception of the church in society derives from welfare and social work (diaconia). In times of a post-traditional people’s church, the question arises of whether the church will be a church of welfare and social work (diaconia) in the future.
Reflecting on the countrywide disappearance of churches in Eastern Germany, Matthias Fichtmüller formulates the thesis that in future entrepreneurial welfare and social work will take over the tasks of churches.
He outlines the conflicts between the institutional church and welfare and social work, and develops a nuanced understanding of church membership.
Welfare and social work are not replacing the institutional church but are an enriching addition to it. They are a place for people who cannot find a home in the national churches any more.
Die Rechtskontrolle der Geldpolitik der Europäischen Zentralbank in der Eurokrise
Authors: Hettinger Christoph
Published: October 2019

This thesis analyses the unconventional monetary policy measures taken by the ECB during the eurozone crisis, with a focus on the form of the action chosen. Using tools such as analysing both European composite administration (Verwaltungsverbund) and institutional rational choice, it considers the peculiarities of the operation of monetary policy in general and the administrative organisation of the European System of Central Banks. The thesis aims to clarify the extent to which these measures are amenable to judicial review by European courts. To this end, the author assesses legal doctrine and the case law of the ECJ and other European Courts. It examines new decisions by European courts during the crisis in terms of whether they exhaust the existing possibilities of judicial review or whether they open up new avenues. This is contextualised against the background of the evolving role of the ECB within the European Monetary Union going forward.
Bundeskanzleramt und Bundesregierung
Authors: Busse Volker , Hofmann Hans
Published: October 2019

This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the organisation, tasks, operation and function of Germany’s Federal Chancellery and its Federal Government as well as the Federal Chancellery’s cooperation with the federal ministries. This seventh edition of the handbook has been revised, updated and reorganised, and new sections on the Federal Government Commissioner for Digital Affairs, created in the 19th legislative term, and on the new Directorate-General for Digital Policy and Strategic IT Management have been added. To aid in understanding how the executive constitutional structures work, the handbook addresses issues concerning the parliamentary system of government and decision-making processes within the Federal Government. But the handbook is also intended to provide a closer look at the practical, everyday workings of government, with a focus on the Federal Chancellor’s role, as defined in constitutional law, and his or her authority to issue guidelines, to organise and to manage.
Akutna travmatska poškodba hrbtenjače
Authors: Jug Marko
Published: October 2019

Travmatska poškodba hrbtenjače (PH) je nepričakovan dogodek, ki lahko trajno zaznamuje bolnika in predstavlja veliko obremenitev moderne družbe. Kljub napredkom v razumevanju patofiziologije poškodbe in obetavnim napredkom na predkliničnem nivoju, je uspešnost prenosa različnih modelov zdravljenja v klinično prakso izredno omejena in prevladuje napačno prepričanje, da je zdravnik v borbi s tovrstno poškodbo nemočen. Novejše raziskave so namreč pokazale, da takojšnja dekompresija hrbtenjače in zagotavljanje ustrezne perfuzije hrbtenjače izboljšata nevrološki izid zdravljenja. Dodatni terapevtski ukrepi zaenkrat ostajajo še ekperimentalne narave, vendar pričakovati je, da bodo nadaljnje raziskave in poglobljeno razumevanje vseh patofizioloških procesov vodilo v nadgradnjo terapevtskih ukrepov. V preglednem članku so zato predstavljene osnove patofiziologije poškodbe, ki predstavljajo temelj razumevanja akutnega zdravljenja, ter moderni pristopi k zdravljenju PH, ki se uveljavljajo v klinični praksi.
Mechanisms of virus dissemination in bone marrow of HIV-1–infected humanized BLT mice
Authors: Ladinsky Mark S , Khamaikawin Wannisa , Jung Yujin , Lin Samantha , Lam Jennifer , An Dong Sung , Bjorkman Pamela J , Kieffer Collin
Published: October 2019

Immune progenitor cells differentiate in bone marrow (BM) and then migrate to tissues. HIV-1 infects multiple BM cell types, but virus dissemination within BM has been poorly understood. We used light microscopy and electron tomography to elucidate mechanisms of HIV-1 dissemination within BM of HIV-1–infected BM/liver/thymus (BLT) mice. Tissue clearing combined with confocal and light sheet fluorescence microscopy revealed distinct populations of HIV-1 p24-producing cells in BM early after infection, and quantification of these populations identified macrophages as the principal subset of virus-producing cells in BM over time. Electron tomography demonstrated three modes of HIV-1 dissemination in BM: (i) semi-synchronous budding from T-cell and macrophage membranes, (ii) mature virus association with virus-producing T-cell uropods contacting putative target cells, and (iii) macrophages engulfing HIV-1–producing T-cells and producing virus within enclosed intracellular compartments that fused to invaginations with access to the extracellular space. These results illustrate mechanisms by which the specialized environment of the BM can promote virus spread locally and to distant lymphoid tissues.
Functional clustering of dendritic activity during decision-making
Authors: Kerlin Aaron , Mohar Boaz , Flickinger Daniel , MacLennan Bryan J , Dean Matthew B , Davis Courtney , Spruston Nelson , Svoboda Karel
Published: October 2019

The active properties of dendrites can support local nonlinear operations, but previous imaging and electrophysiological measurements have produced conflicting views regarding the prevalence and selectivity of local nonlinearities in vivo. We imaged calcium signals in pyramidal cell dendrites in the motor cortex of mice performing a tactile decision task. A custom microscope allowed us to image the soma and up to 300 μm of contiguous dendrite at 15 Hz, while resolving individual spines. New analysis methods were used to estimate the frequency and spatial scales of activity in dendritic branches and spines. The majority of dendritic calcium transients were coincident with global events. However, task-associated calcium signals in dendrites and spines were compartmentalized by dendritic branching and clustered within branches over approximately 10 μm. Diverse behavior-related signals were intermingled and distributed throughout the dendritic arbor, potentially supporting a large learning capacity in individual neurons.
Myofascial Release for Vulvar Pain and Pubic Shear After a Straddle Injury in a 3-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Dade Maggie M. , Broecker Jane D.
Published: October 2019

Pelvic malalignment is a somatic dysfunction that can lead to pelvic discomfort, despite normal genital examination findings. A 3-year-old girl presented with vulvar discomfort after a straddle injury sustained while riding a tricycle. The symptoms persisted despite standard medical treatment for vulvovaginitis and chronic vulvar irritation. An osteopathic structural examination revealed distortions of the bony pelvis, often associated with genitourinary complaints. After 5 osteopathic manipulative treatment sessions, the patient experienced significant relief. With persistent vulvar pain, somatic dysfunction should be considered in the differential diagnosis. A brief musculoskeletal examination of the pubic tubercles, iliac crest, and iliac spines can help to identify somatic dysfunction in a gynecologic patient with symptoms that are unresponsive to standard treatments.
Living cockroach genusAnaplectadiscovered in Chiapas amber (Blattaria: Ectobiidae:Anaplecta vegasp.n.)
Authors: Barna Peter , Šmídová Lucia , Coutiño José Marco Antonio
Published: October 2019

Cenozoic cockroaches are recent and with two indigenous exceptions, based on their fragmentary preservation state, they cannot be discriminated formally from representatives of living genera.Anaplecta vegasp.n. –the second described cockroach from Miocene (23 Ma) Simojovel amber (Mexico: Chiapas: Los Pocitos) is characterized by a slender, under 5 mm long body, prolonged mouthparts bearing long maxillary palps with a distinct flattened triangular terminal palpomere, large eyes and long slender legs with distinctly long tibial spines. Some leg and palpal segments differ in dimensions on the left and right sides of the body, indicating (sum of length of left maxillary palpomeres 65% longer than right; right cercus 13% longer than left cercus) dextro-sinistral asymmetry. The asymmetrically monstrous left palp is unique and has no equivalent. In concordance with most Cenozoic species, the present cockroach does not show any significantly primitive characters such as a transverse pronotum characteristic for stem Ectobiidae. The genus is cosmopolitan and 10 species live also in Mexico, including Chiapas, today. Except for indigenous taxa and those characteristic for America, this is the first Cenozoic American cockroach taxon representing a living cosmopolitan genus, in contrast with representaties ofSupellaShelford, 1911 from the same amber source that are now extinct in the Americas.
Salts in Organic Synthesis: An Overview and Their Diversified Use
Authors: Raj Joshi Dirgha , Adhikari Nisha
Published: October 2019

The chemistry of salt is of great importance due to its immense potential from the daily life use to the synthetic chemistry like as workup material, as reagents, as phase transfer catalyst, as acid, as base, as catalyst, as agents for asymmetric synthesis, for some specific reaction transformation, to increase yield, decrease reaction time, ecofriendly synthesis, handling easiness and many more. This review summarizes the overall basic background of salts like how it is formed, nature of salt, generalized application of salts in daily life to synthetic chemistry, its application on other diverse fields, and list of individual categories of major commercially available salts with some structure. Besides having a lot of information on the internet about salts, this review tries to focus on a generalized overview that could be helpful for all to understand salt chemistry.
Effects of Weather Conditions on Satellite Television Cable Network Reception Quality in Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuyem Graham Imarhiagbe, , Vincent Nduka Ojeh,
Published: October 2019

The study examined the effects of weather conditions on satellite television cable network reception quality. The ex-post facto research design was used. The primary data were generated through personal observation/monitoring of Television sets that were connected to the three prominent networks (MYTV, DSTV, and HITV) in Warri. Rainfall stations were established in each of the sample areas and were used to collect rainfall amount between the months of May and August, being rainy season in the location. Additionally, wind speed, humidity, temperature and rainfall data were collected from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Agencies office in Warri for 20 years. A total of fifteen (15) TV sets and fifteen modems of MYTV, DSTV and HITV satellite-cable network were utilized for this study. Results showed that there is variation in the trends of climate parameters in Warri. There is variability in the rainfall, relative humidity as well as the wind speed trends in Warri from 1991-2011. The variations in these climate attributes have effects on the durability and functionalities of satellite cable network in the area. The reception quality for MYTV reduced from 69.8% on days without rainfall to 15.4% on rainy days during the study period, while DSTV signal quality reception was also reduced by rainfall and weather effect to 20.4% on rainy days from 85.6% mean on days without rainfall. HITV signal quality reception of 33.4% on days without rainfall was reduced to 7.2% by the effect of rainfall. Rainfall impairs signal quality. Further, the result revealed that there is a significant variation in cable network reception qualities of MYTV, DSTV and HITV. This is evident from the calculated F-value of 1028.136 which was greater than the critical table-value of 19.49 at 0.05 significant level. The r value shows a correlation of 0.989 between rainfall and MYTV reception quality.  However, the R² value of 0.977 shows that 97.7% variation in the quality of signal reception from MYTV is explained by other weather parameters. The r value shows a correlation of 0.994 between wind speed and DSTV reception quality.  However, the R² value of 0.988 shows that the quality of the signal reception from DSTV is explained by 98.8% dependency on weather parameters. Similarly, the r value shows a correlation of 0.970 rainfall and HITV reception quality.  However, the R² value of 0.942 shows that the quality of the signal reception from MYTV is explained by 94.2% dependency on weather parameters. The policy implications of the findings of this study are that adequate and well-implemented weather  monitoring with remote sensing/satellite-based platforms should be captured in the national laws of Nigeria.
Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Motorcycle Accidents in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh Peter P. , Ojeh Vincent N. , Arisabor Lucky , Ikporukpo Christopher O.
Published: October 2019

This research work focuses on spatio-temporal pattern of motorcycle accidents in Anambra state, Nigeria. The study used mostly secondary data, accident records which were obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission Awka, Anambra state (RS 5.30). The data on motorcycle accidents were obtained for a period of ten (10) years (2007-2016). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was employed in the examination of the statistical significance of the variation among the local government areas of the state. The result indicates that there is a significant variation in the number of motorcycle accidents among the local government areas of the state (F29, 189 = 2.609; p<0.05). Again analysis of variance was employed in the examination of the statistical significance of the variation of motorcycle accidents over time (2007-2016) in Anambra state. The result indicates that there is a significant difference in the number of motorcycle accidents from 2007-2016 (F9, 200= 13.210; p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis was employed in the examination of some of the characteristics of the local government areas of the state. It was observed that, there is a joint prediction of motorcycle accidents by a combination of some of the characteristics of the LGA of the state (p<0.05), the result implies that other characteristics of the Local Government areas of the state played little influence on the number of motorcycle accidents that occurred in 2011. The need for re-orientation of the land use pattern in the study area, better road network characteristics, Government should set up more police patrols for the highways in order to enforce road traffic regulation including speed limits and the need to establish Federal Road Safety Corps  archive where accident records will be kept, collated and processed are desirable.
Chemical Characterization of Aeolian Dust Deposition in Southern and Western Iran
Authors: Foroushani Mansour A. , Opp Christian , Groll Michael
Published: October 2019

In the last decade, the southwestern and western provinces of Iran have been heavily affected by aeolian dust deposition. As a result, the elemental composition of soil surfaces is influenced by dust transport as well as precipitation, wind speed and direction. The relationship between daily recorded dust events and the elemental composition of the dust is studied in this paper. Strong correlations were detected between dust deposition rate from most deposition sites (G01-G10, except for G05, G06) and the dust event frequency. Correlations of different strengths have been revealed between the dust event frequencies (DEF), and the elemental classification matrix based on airborne Metal Regulations.

As expected, high correlation values indicate high concentration contributions of elemental values to the aerosol, such as Na, Mn, As, Pb, from large-scale depositions in the south including Cr and V in the west. These findings also suggest that the major contributors of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb in the elemental concentrations may depend on the meteorological situation and correlation magnitude are associated with elements emanating from local anthropogenic activities.
General Geographical Overview of Mars
Authors: Das Sanjib , Sarkar Prasanya
Published: October 2019

Extensive living creatures on the Earth from 4.0 billion years ago to date lived and diversified under a specific physical & environmental condition of the Earth, where the Earth’s gravity plays an important role. But populations of this planet are growing so rapidly to the point of concern that the Earth’s Carrying Capacity has been surmounted. So, for maintaining the Carrying Capacity, it is important to find out another/other planets which are like the Earth. In our generation, there are some who believe that an ecosystem fit for human survival is creatable on Mars (Red Planet). Although there seems to be no life at present in Mars, there is substantial evidence, returned by various robotic missions, that in the early Mars’ history, liquid water environments existed, and conditions may have been suitable for the origin of native life.
Monitoring Coastline Changes in the Coastal Belt of Chittagong in Bangladesh Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Khan Md. Shakil , Das Jewel , Kabir Md. Humayain
Published: October 2019

Coastal zones are the most dynamic feature of earth surface in which lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere gets into contact with each other. Such dynamic process should be monitored with great importance as a large portion of the world’s population is living along the coastal zones. This paper focuses on delineation of the changes in the coastal land areas of Chittagong in Bangladesh through the shifting of coastline. Chittagong coastal area is around 245 km with an unbroken 125 km gently slopped sandy sea beach in Cox’s Bazar. However, due to both the natural phenomenon and human interventions, coastline in these areas has been changing gradually. These changes have occurred in relation to land biomass, erosion and accretion rate. Therefore, shoreline geometry analysis can help understand such dynamic coastal process. Several satellite images from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) were used for the long term coastline change analysis. The digital shoreline analysis (DSA) using ArcGIS 10.1, and image rectification, atmospheric correction, edge separation techniques between earth surface and water surface using ENVI software were used in this analysis. DSAS was used as a reliable statistical approach for the rate of coastline change.  The result shows that changes in dynamic changes due to erosion and accretion have been impacting the morph-dynamics in the study area. The maximum accession rate was 3.6 km and 1.9 km at different section points and on the contrary the maximum erosion at several section points was 0.37 km and 3.3 km at the time interval of 1989 to 2009 and 2009 to 2014, respectively. Overall, it was found that the area was affected with huge rate of accretion and increase in the landmass of the Chittagong area till the year 2009 but later on till the date of 2014 the erosion rate of the area again increased. The findings of this study can help policy makers to make decisions in delineating new islands emerging at the sea boundary of Bangladesh and planning for better coastal management.
Evaluation of Fluid Therapy by Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Hyperglycemic Emergencies
Authors: Dogan Serkan , Kalafat Utku Murat , Bildik Busra , Guven Ramazan , Ozucelik Dogac Niyazi , Dorter Melis , Cander Basar
Published: October 2019

Aim: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are among the cases where total body fluid deficit is high. Although it is known that dehydration is one of the main determinants of mortality and morbidity, it is difficult to determine and follow up fluid treatment in patients with multiple comorbidities. Measurement of the respiratory variability of the vena cava inferior diameter and vena cava inferior / aortic diameter measurement can be performed easily and quickly at the bedside and have a high objectivity compared to physical examination. In this study, we evaluated the follow-up of fluid therapy by POCUS with vena cava inferior diameter and vena cava inferior diameter / abdominal aortic diameter ratio in patients presenting with hyperglycemic emergencies (DKA, HHS, severe hyperglycemia).

Methodology: 56 patients diagnosed with severe hyperglycemia, DKA and HHS according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Vital signs, laboratory tests(venous blood gas analysis, complete urinalysis, osmolarity, fingertip blood glucose level), fluid volume and bedside ultrasonographic measurements [vena cava inferior inspiration and expiration (iVCI and eVCI) diameter,vena cava inferior colapsiability index (VCI index), abdominal aorta diameter and ratio of vena cava inferior to abdominal aorta diameter (VCI/Ao)] were recorded.

Results: Of the 56 patients, 21.4% were diagnosed with DKA 8.9%, HHS and 69.6% with severe hyperglycemia. There was a significant difference in osmolarity and although pH values ​​were not statistically significant, it tended to improve with the amount of fluid given. There was a significant difference in iVCI, VCI index and VCI/Ao.

Conclusion: We believe that planning and monitoring fluid treatment with bedside ultrasonographic VCI diameter and VCI/Ao ratio measurements will reduce the undesirable complications, the intensity of emergency services, long waiting time and follow-up periods and will contribute to patient benefit and emergency departments.
Cancer Cytotoxic and Anti-HIV Potential of Triphala Herb Mixture on from Chae Son, Lampang, Thailand
Authors: Pompimon Wilart , Sombutsiri Punchavee , Baison Wipanoot , Udomputtimekakul Phansuang , Chuajedton Angkhana , Wingwon Boonthawan , Suksen Kanoknetr , Limthongkul Jitra , Naparswad Chanita
Published: October 2019

Introduction:  The objective of this study was to compare the stability properties of the two years for the quality of Tri-Pha-La Herbal Drink, Thai traditional and Ayurvedic medicine. This study aimed to compare the anticancer and anti-HIV efficacy of the solvent extracts and gallic acid of the three fruits. The research was done between A.D. 2017 to A.D. 2018.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, the cancer cell lines, KB, HT 29, MCF-7, A 549, CL and ASK treated with Triphala fruits extract at concentrations of 4 mg/mL for 72 h except  48 for P-388)  . The cytotoxic activity was expressed as 50% effective dose (ED50). In addition, anti-HIV activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts was performed by anti-HIVs-1RT. The tested extracts were prescreened at 200 μg/mL and only those which were very active (≥70% inhibition) at this concentration were further determined for the dose, μM, that inhibited 50% HIV-1 RT activity (IC50). Moreover, anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) was performed by the Triphala fruits extract. The results were expressed as the concentration that inhibited 50% formazan formation in uninfected cells (IC50). The therapeutic index (TI) was calculated using the equation: TI=IC50/EC50.

Results: The results were compared between years A.D. 2017/2018. Amongst six ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2017) showed less than 20 µg/mL cell viability in P-388 cell lines. However, the four ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2018) were also inhibited P-388 cell species. Furthermore, each gallic acid, isolated from three fruits Triphala (A.D.2017/2018) were also strongly inhibited to P-388 cell species. Anti-HIV-RT activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts (A.D. 2017) except hexane extracts showed very active which is consistent with A.D. 2018.

 Conclusion: P. emblica-ethyl acetate extract (A.D. 2018) was the most promising anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) among evaluated all three fruits Triphala extracts: it afforded the lowest EC ₅₀ 8.85 µM and therapeutic index 2.10. The results evidently showed the capacity of Triphala as potential chemopreventive and anticancer drug and immunity.
Multiple exposures to poultry barn air and lipopolysaccharide synergistically increase the pulmonary expression of TLR-4 and IL-1β
Authors: Kaur Gaganpreet , Sethi Ram Saran
Published: October 2019

Objective

Poultry farm workers are exposed to barn air and suffer from various respiratory disorders. Due to frequent prevalence of endotoxin in the farm settings workers can get co-exposed to barn air and endotoxin. The study was aimed to explore the pulmonary damage following long-term multiple exposures to poultry barn air with or without endotoxin.

Methods

We studied the pulmonary expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by exposing Swiss albino mice to poultry barn air for 6 days (Monday-Saturday) in a week for 5 and 10 weeks. At the end of exposure, animals were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution @80 μg/mouse intranasally. Histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and blood analysis were used to characterize lung damage. mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and IL-1β were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Results

Histopathology along with TLC and DLC of blood and BAL fluid revealed lung damage following multiple exposures and damage was severe in combination with LPS. Exposures altered mRNA and protein expression of TLR-4 and IL-1β and the expression was more marked following 30 days of exposure. Further LPS co-challenge showed a synergistic effect on the expression of TLR4 and IL-1β.

Conclusions

The data suggest that long-term exposures with or without LPS caused lung damage and altered the pulmonary expression of TLR4 and IL-1β.
Electroencephalographic biomarkers of epilepsy development in patients with acute brain injury: a matched, parallel cohort study
Authors: Punia Vineet , Fitzgerald Zachary , Zhang Xiaoming , Huynh Huan , Bena James , Morrison Shannon , Newey Christopher R. , Hantus Stephen
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study was designed to investigate if highly epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in patients with acute brain injury increase the long‐term risk of epilepsy development.

Methods

Adults patients, lacking epilepsy history, with electrographic seizures or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) (cases) were identified and matched based on age, mental status, and etiology with the ones lacking any epileptiform activity (controls) on continuous EEG (cEEG) during hospitalization. The primary outcome of clinical seizures after hospital discharge and their antiepileptic drug (AED) status was determined using a telephonic interview. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to account for the matched nature of the data were performed.

Results

A total of 70 cases [16 (22.9%) “LPDs only,” 34 (48.6%) “electrographic seizure only,” and 20 (28.6%) “both”] and controls were enrolled. A total of 22 (31.4%) cases developed epilepsy after a mean follow‐up duration of 20.6 ± 5.0 months compared to three (4.3%) controls. After adjusting for cEEG indication and follow‐up duration, the odds of cases developing epilepsy were almost 15 times higher compared to the controls (OR = 14.8, 95% CI = 2.4–92.3, P = 0.004). This elevated risk was despite a 10 times higher likelihood of cases to be taking AEDs at the last follow‐up (OR = 10.34, 95% CI = 3.7–29, P < 0.001).

Interpretation

Highly epileptic EEG findings in patients with acute brain injury may serve as prognostic biomarkers of epilepsy development. Although prospective studies are required to confirm our findings, it seems that with epilepsy developing in almost one‐third cases in less than 2‐year follow‐up period, such patients may potentially be ideal candidates for epilepsy prevention clinical trials.
High‐Performance Thermoresponsive Dual‐Output Dye System for Smart Textile Application
Authors: Zhang Wan , Ji Xiaozhou , Peng Bo‐Ji , Che Sai , Ge Fangqing , Liu Wenwen , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Wang Chaoxia , Fang Lei
Published: October 2019

Smart textiles exhibiting optical response to external temperature stimuli are promising functional materials for a wide range of applications. It is critical yet challenging to endow these materials with high‐contrast, vivid, and real‐time optical signals, such as changes in color or fluorescent emission, for the indication of heating and/or cooling. A thermoresponsive dye system featuring simultaneous thermochromism and thermofluorescence is developed and applied to dyeing of polyester fabrics. The dye system is constructed by encapsulating a solution of indenoquinacridone (IQA) in aliphatic alcohol into SiO2 nanoparticles. The dual‐output response relies on the mechanism of solvent‐modulated dissociation/aggregation of the IQA molecules. Upon heating, the dye system and the dyed fabric exhibit clear color change and high‐contrast, turned‐on fluorescence, in a real time and highly reversible manner. The thermoresponsive temperature can be tailored by varying the aliphatic alcohol solvent with different melting point. The integration of high‐contrast dual optical outputs into this programmable, robust, and reversible dye system lays the foundation for its employment in a wide range of challenging applications in smart textiles.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed β‐Indolylation of α‐Bromoenals with Indoles
Authors: Sun Shaofa , Lang Ming , Wang Jian
Published: October 2019

An unprecedented example of NHC‐catalyzed β‐indolylation of α‐bromoenals with indoles has been developed. This concise protocol features several advantages (mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope) and constructs synthetically useful building blocks, namely β‐biaryl methylene esters. Notably, the β‐biaryl methylene‐type fragment is widely found in natural products or pharmaceuticals.

magnified image
Stereoselective Olefin Ring‐Opening Cross Metathesis Catalyzed by Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Momin Mohasin , Nagy Gergely M. , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: October 2019

The influence of the structure of cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, i. e. of [Mo(N‐2‐tert‐butyl‐C6H4) (CHCMe2Ph)(NHC)X+ B(ArF)4−] (NHC=1,3‐di(2‐Pr)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (iPr), 1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMes); X=pyrrolide, OCH(CF3)2, B(ArF)4−=tetrakis(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) and of [Mo(N‐3,5‐Me2‐C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(NHC)(CH3CN)X+ B(ArF)4−] (NHC=1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, 1,3‐dimesitylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene (IMesH2); X=CF3SO3, OCPh(CF3)2) on E/Z‐selectivity in the ring‐opening cross‐metathesis (ROCM) of endo, endo‐2,3‐dicarbomethoxynorborn‐5‐ene (endo, endo‐DCMNBE), exo, exo‐2,3‐dicarbomethoxynorborn‐5‐ene (exo, exo‐DCMNBE), endo, exo‐2,3‐dicarbomethoxynorborn‐5‐ene ((+) DCMNBE) and 2,3‐exo,exo‐bis(acetoxymethyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.l]hept‐5‐ene (7‐oxa‐NBE) with 1‐pentene, styrene, allyltrimethylsilane, allyl benzyl ether, allyl phenyl ether and allyl ethyl ether has been studied. With the exception of the ROCM reaction of endo, endo‐DCMNBE with styrene, all other ROCM reactions of endo, endo‐DCMNBE proceeded under thermodynamic control without any post‐metathesis isomerization reactions with full retention of the configuration of the newly formed 1,2‐disubstituted double bond as confirmed by kinetic studies. Similar accounts for selected homometathesis reactions. Catalyst structure‐selectivity correlations based on the buried volume, Vbur, of the N‐imido ligand are presented.

magnified image
Direct Construction of Diverse Polyheterocycles Bearing Pyrrolidinediones via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade C−H Activation/Spirocyclization
Authors: Devkota Shreedhar , Lee Ha‐Jin , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok
Published: October 2019

Rh(III)‐catalyzed cascade oxidative annulation of 2‐arylquinazolinones with various maleimides to afford spiroisoindoloquinazolinones bearing pyrrolidinediones is described. Sequential ortho C−H functionalization and spirocyclization via aza‐Michael addition result in the formation of both C−C and C−N bonds in a single operation. This atom‐ and step‐economic strategy provides an efficient and novel approach for the syntheses of diverse polyheterocycles bearing pyrrolidinediones, starting from 2‐heteroarylquinazolinones and 5‐arylpyrazolopyrimidinones, in good to excellent yields.

magnified image
High Performance Thick‐Film Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 10% and Active Layer Thickness of 600 nm
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Feng Huanran , Meng Lingxian , Wang Yanbo , Chang Meijia , Li Shitong , Guo Ziqi , Li Chenxi , Zheng Nan , Xie Zengqi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: October 2019

Developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with relatively thick active layer compatible with the roll to roll large area printing process is an inevitable requirement for the commercialization of this field. However, typical laboratory OSCs generally exhibit active layers with optimized thickness around 100 nm and very low thickness tolerance, which cannot be suitable for roll to roll process. In this work, high performance of thick‐film organic solar cells employing a nonfullerene acceptor F–2Cl and a polymer donor PM6 is demonstrated. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.80% in the inverted structure device and 12.83% in the conventional structure device are achieved under optimized conditions. PCE of 9.03% is obtained for the inverted device with active layer thickness of 500 nm. It is worth noting that the conventional structure device still maintains the PCE of over 10% when the film thickness of the active layer is 600 nm, which is the highest value for the NF‐OSCs with such a large active layer thickness. It is found that the performance difference between the thick active layer films based conventional and inverted devices is attributed to their different vertical phase separation in the active layers.
Der zytotoxische Naturstoff Vioprolid A interagiert mit dem für die Ribosomen‐Biogenese essentiellen nukleolären Protein 14
Authors: Kirsch Volker C. , Orgler Christina , Braig Simone , Jeremias Irmela , Auerbach David , Müller Rolf , Vollmar Angelika M. , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: October 2019

Für die Behandlung schwerer Krankheiten, wie z. B. Krebs, sind neue Angriffspunkte für die Therapie von großer Bedeutung. Seit Jahrzehnten treiben Naturstoffe die Entwicklung innovativer Therapieansätze voran, da diese in zellbiologische Prozesse eingreifen. Von der potenten zytotoxischen Aktivität der myxobakteriellen Vioprolide A–D inspiriert, wurden hier umfassende Studien bezüglich ihrer Wirkmechanismen durchgeführt. Auf Grundlage der potenten Aktivität gegen akute lymphoblastische Leukämie(ALL)‐Zellen, wurde zur Identifikation der Angriffsziele des aktivsten Derivats, Vioprolid A (VioA), ein thermisches Protein‐Profiling (TPP) in Jurkat‐Zellen durchgeführt. Durch eine Vielzahl daran anschließender proteomischer und biologischer Experimente konnte das nukleoläre Protein 14 (NOP14), welches eine essentielle Rolle in der Ribosomen‐Biogenese einnimmt, als Angriffsziel von VioA validiert werden. Aufgrund der erhöhten Aktivität gegen ALL‐Krebszellen im Vergleich zu gesunden Lymphozyten weist VioA ein einzigartiges therapeutisches Potenzial über einen neuen Wirkmechanismus auf.
Protein NMR Resonance Assignment without Spectral Analysis: 5D SOlid‐State Automated Projection SpectroscopY (SO‐APSY)
Authors: Orton Henry W. , Stanek Jan , Schubeis Tobias , Foucaudeau Dylan , Ollier Claire , Draney Adrian W. , Le Marchand Tanguy , Cala‐De Paepe Diane , Felli Isabella C. , Pierattelli Roberta , Hiller Sebastian , Bermel Wolfgang , Pintacuda Guido
Published: October 2019

Narrow proton signals, high sensitivity, and efficient coherence transfers provided by fast magic‐angle spinning at high magnetic fields make automated projection spectroscopy feasible for the solid‐state NMR analysis of proteins. We present the first ultrahigh dimensional implementation of this approach, where 5D peak lists are reconstructed from a number of 2D projections for protein samples of different molecular sizes and aggregation states, which show limited dispersion of chemical shifts or inhomogeneous broadenings. The resulting datasets are particularly suitable to automated analysis and yield rapid and unbiased assignments of backbone resonances.
Culture on Tissue‐Specific Coatings Derived from α‐Amylase‐Digested Decellularized Adipose Tissue Enhances the Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cells
Authors: Shridhar Arthi , Lam Alan Y. L. , Sun Yu , Simmons Craig A. , Gillies Elizabeth R. , Flynn Lauren E.
Published: October 2019

While extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived coatings have the potential to direct the response of cell populations in culture, there is a need to investigate the effects of ECM sourcing and processing on substrate bioactivity. To develop improved cell culture models for studying adipogenesis, the current study examines the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) on a range of ECM‐derived coatings. Human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) and commercially available bovine tendon collagen (COL) are digested with α‐amylase or pepsin to prepare the coatings. Physical characterization demonstrates that α‐amylase digestion generates softer, thicker, and more stable coatings, with a fibrous tissue‐like ultrastructure that is lost in the pepsin‐digested thin films. ASCs cultured on the α‐amylase‐digested ECM have a more spindle‐shaped morphology, and proliferation is significantly enhanced on the α‐amylase‐digested DAT coatings. Further, the α‐amylase‐digested DAT provides a more pro‐adipogenic microenvironment, based on higher levels of adipogenic gene expression, glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, and perilipin staining. Overall, this study supports α‐amylase digestion as a new approach for generating bioactive ECM‐derived coatings, and demonstrates tissue‐specific bioactivity using adipose‐derived ECM to enhance ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation.
Steric Accessibility of the Cleavage Sites Dictates the Proteolytic Vulnerability of the Anti‐HIV‐1 Antibodies 2F5, 2G12, and PG9 in Plants
Authors: Puchol Tarazona Alejandro A. , Lobner Elisabeth , Taubenschmid Yvonne , Paireder Melanie , Torres Acosta Juan A. , Göritzer Kathrin , Steinkellner Herta , Mach Lukas
Published: October 2019

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) hold great promise for immunoprophylaxis and the suppression of viremia in HIV‐positive individuals. Several studies have demonstrated that plants as Nicotiana benthamiana are suitable hosts for the generation of protective anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies. However, the production of the anti‐HIV‐1 bNAbs 2F5 and PG9 in N. benthamiana is associated with their processing by apoplastic proteases in the complementarity‐determining‐region (CDR) H3 loops of the heavy chains. Here, it is shown that apoplastic proteases can also cleave the CDR H3 loop of the bNAb 2G12 when the unusual domain exchange between its heavy chains is prevented by the replacement of Ile19 with Arg. It is demonstrated that CDR H3 proteolysis leads to a strong reduction of the antigen‐binding potencies of 2F5, PG9, and 2G12‐I19R. Inhibitor profiling experiments indicate that different subtilisin‐like serine proteases account for bNAb fragmentation in the apoplast. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments corroborate that the antigen‐binding domains of wild‐type 2G12 and 4E10 are more compact than those of proteolysis‐sensitive antibodies, thus shielding their CDR H3 regions from proteolytic attack. This suggests that the extent of proteolytic inactivation of bNAbs in plants is primarily dictated by the steric accessibility of their CDR H3 loops.
Colorimetric Assay for Uracil DNA Glycosylase Activity Based on Toehold‐Mediated Strand Displacement Circuit
Authors: Kim Youna , Park Yeonkyung , Lee Chang Yeol , Park Hyun Gyu
Published: October 2019

Herein, a novel enzyme‐free and label‐free strategy for colorimetric assay of uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) activity, which relies on a target‐activated toehold‐mediated strand displacement (TMSD) circuit is described. The strategy employs a detection duplex probe composed of a uracil‐containing strand (US) and a catalyst strand (CS). UDG present in a sample will cleave uracil bases within US and destabilize the detection duplex probe, which then leads to the dissociation of the detection duplex, releasing CS. The free CS promotes the TMSD reaction, consequently liberating a G‐quadruplex DNAzyme strand (GS) which is initially caged by a blocker strand (BS). Notably, a fuel strand (FS) is supplemented to recycle the CS to promote another cycle of TMSD reaction. As a consequence, a large number of GSs are activated by UDG activity and a distinct colorimetric signal is produced through the oxidation of ABTS promoted by the peroxidase mimicking activity of the liberated GSs. Based on this design principle, UDG activity down to 0.006 U mL−1 with excellent selectivity is successfully determined. The practical applicability of this assay is also demonstrated by reliably determining UDG activities in human serum.
Determination of rosamultin in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Yan
Published: October 2019

A specific and reliable LC–MS/MS method for the determination of rosamultin in rat plasma was validated. Plasma samples were prepared with protein precipitation method, and chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo C18 analytical column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 3.0 μm). The mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was conducted in positive SRM mode for the transitions of m/z 673.2 → 511.1 for rosamultin and m/z 601.1 → 330.9 for IS. The method validation was conducted over the calibration range of 1.0–500 ng/mL with the precision ≤11.03% and accuracy within ±14.64%. The assay was applied to the pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of rosamultin at a dose of 20 mg/kg in rats.
Product chain collaboration for sustainability: A business case for life cycle management
Authors: Nilsson‐Lindén Hanna , Rosén Magnus , Baumann Henrikke
Published: October 2019

Life cycle management (LCM) is frequently described as a holistic sustainability perspective along the product chain. It has mainly been a company internal practice. However, recent developments reveal a new type of LCM where companies collaborate in product‐chain‐specific initiatives. This raises questions concerning why corporations extend “corporate LCM” toward “product chain LCM”. Here, we explore rationales and challenges for corporations engaging in one such coalition: The Sustainable Transport Initiative. The study covers five companies in different product chain positions and practitioners in different corporate functions. The results show a broad range of rationales for engaging in product chain LCM, related both to self‐interest and a shared interest in the product chain. The importance of the “business case,” both for the individual companies and the product chain, is identified. The importance of sustainability managers as actors and as facilitators in discussions between managers from different corporate functions is also identified.