bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Injil bagi kecerdasan spritual Anak Remaja dalam Dunia Pergaulan zaman modern
Authors: RATTE YULIANA
Published: November 2020

Tujuan dari Tulisan ini ialah untuk megeksplorasi kecerdasan spiritual yang di dasarkan pada misi Injil yaitu memberitakan kabar baik serta membawa orang dalam pertobatan. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah metode kualitatif pengumpulan data melalui: Alkitab, buku-buku,internet, Jurnal, dan artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan Injil dan Kecerdasan Spritual anak remaja. Dalam pembahasan ini penulis berfokus pada membangun kecerdasan Spritual (kerohanian). Remaja yang di maksud adalah remaja SMP dan SMA usia 12-18 tahun. Bagi Remaja Kristen di Zaman Medern, sangat penting untuk membantu mereka mengatasi setiap tantangan yang datang baik di dunia nyata maupun dari dunia Maya. Menghadapi perubahan Zaman di usia Labil tentu mempengaruhi kecerdasan Spiritual mereka, banyak yang mengalami kelemahan mental dan jiwa yang menyebabkan mereka sangat mudah jatuh kedalam perbuatan dosa.
Rescuers at risk: Posttraumatic stress symptoms differ among police officers, fire fighters, ambulance personnel, and emergency and psychiatric nurses
Authors: Schwab Simon
Published: November 2020

Emergency personnel and rescue workers may be at a risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to exposure to trauma and work-related stressors. Salient predictors for the development of PTSS among rescue workers have been identified; however, little is known about how these predictors differ among professions requiring repeated engagement in emergencies. The present cross-sectional survey aimed to examine how these variables influence PTSS, well-being, and suicidal ideation across different professions of rescue workers and emergency personnel. In this anonymous online study, data from 1,002 rescue workers and emergency personnel in the canton Bern, Switzerland, were collected in the year 2015: 499 police officers, 239 firefighters, 97 ambulance personnel, and 85 emergency and 82 psychiatric nurses. PTSS, coping strategies, well-being, suicidal ideation, previously experienced and work-related trauma, and self-efficacy were measured and analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). The prevalence of suspected posttraumatic stress disorder varied across the professions (F4, 994 = 6.21, P < 0.001), ranged from 8% (firefighters) to 22% (psychiatric nurses), and was associated with psychological strain and suicidal ideation. The SEM showed that dysfunctional coping strategies, self-efficacy, previously experienced and work-related trauma, years on the job, and the female sex explained between 37% and 78% of PTSS and that PTSS itself explained between 48% and 68% of the psychological strain experienced in the different professions. Independent of the profession, dysfunctional coping such as alcohol use, avoidance, and distraction, as well as work-related trauma were the most robust predictors of PTSS development. In agreement with prior research, emergency personnel and rescuers exhibited enhanced prevalence of PTSS and suspected PTSD, leading to significant psychological strain and suicidal ideation. However, risk factors varied across the professions. Thus, the development of profession-specific trainings to improve self-efficacy and coping with work-related stressors to reduce PTSS, and enhance quality of life, is urgently needed for individuals in such high-risk professions.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Rahayu Rani
Published: November 2020

Lingkungan diartikan sebagai segala benda, kondisi, keadaan dan pengaruh yang terdapat dalam ruangan yang kita tempat dan mempengaruhi hal yang hidup termasuk kehidupan manusia (Emil Salim 1976) Permasalahan mengenai lingkungan bukanlah suatu hal yang baru. Masalah lingkungan sangat erat kaitannya dengan pola hidup manusia begitu juga dengan perkembangan berbahasa manusia tersebut. Selain di negara kita Indonesia, permasalahan mengenai lingkungan juga dimiliki oleh negara lain. Masalah lingkungan ini terjadi akibat ulah manusia yang ceroboh terhadap alam guna memenuhi dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka (Huang dan Kawata, serta Wihardjo dkk, dalam Ramadhan et al, 2019).
Bus transport network analysis in Rio de Janeiro based on topological models using Social Networks
Authors: Carvalho Diego , Barbastefano Rafael , Pumar Louise
Published: November 2020

In recent years, studies on public transport networks have intensified in the Social Networks field, especially in bus networks, motivated by urban mobility’s relevance for the proper functioning of a city. Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, has undergone recent changes in its municipal bus system, modifying several lines and bus stops due to the preparation for the Olympic games. This paper analyzes the structure of Rio’s bus transportation network of this city using Social Network technics, comparing its topology in 2014 and 2016 – before and after the change and the properties of the bus system investigated based on the topological models B-space, P-space, and C-space. Some essential parameters were calculated, such as giant component, distance, diameter, degree, closeness, and betweenness. The results showed a reduction of 22.75% of the lines and 5.19% of the bus stops from 2014 to 2016. We show that a maximum of four lines is required to move between any two bus stops within the city in both years. However, with three, it is possible to reach more than 99% of the bus stops. Besides, this study also introduces a new C- space network according to the minimum number of frequent bus stops that the lines had. Based on the giant component analysis of these new C-space networks with many common points, it is possible to detect possible expressway corridors.
The Relationship of Learning Indonesian in the School Environment to Motivate Students
Authors: Yendra Revanda
Published: November 2020

Based on the results of studies and research conducted by the author, it can be concluded that environmental material has an important role and is also related to Indonesian language learning to motivate students. Environmental insight education can be integrated into Indonesian subjects and subjects to provide comprehensive knowledge and skills in protecting the environment. Environmental material is material that is closely related to everyday life. Therefore, with environmental material the teacher can easily find relevant examples to make students understand more about the material provided, so that it can help teachers imply Indonesian language material in schools. Based on research conducted by the writer, the voice obtained shows that environmental material has a close relationship with Indonesian language learning to motivate students.
Compliance and Enforcement Challenges in the National Building Regulations’ Processes of South Africa
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: November 2020

The chapter discusses the compliance and enforcement processes of the National Building Regulations of South Africa. These processes are administered by the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS) in terms of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977 (The Act). The objective was to investigate the how the business processes by the NRCS have enforced Building Control Officers at the Local Authorities nationwide to comply with the safety of buildings for building occupants or end-users. The investigation was largely motivated by the high number of injuries, deaths and/or human lives affected and reported due to collapsing and defective buildings. It was a case study based on disasters occurred and reported at various Local Authorities, in private residential homes, government-owned buildings, abandoned and commercial buildings, such as shopping malls. This study was conducted using discussions and survey with affected stakeholders. The stakeholders ranged from building owners, prospective building owners and/or building occupants, built-environment practitioners, Local Authorities’ Building Control Officers and the Regulator. The relevant information was gathered in an ethical manner and for the intended study only. The empirical findings revealed that there was a critical need for business process review and strategy shifts that advance objectivity and benefits to compliance, visibility and awareness of regulatory process. The output is a proposed re-design of NRCS business processes that can effectively enforce compliance of the building regulations of South Africa.
Book Review of Boissière M. et al. Biodiversity and Local Perceptions on the Edge of a Conservation Area, Khe Tran Village, Vietnam. Indonesia: CIFOR, 2006. Version 1.
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: November 2020

I reviewed and gave some opinions on the book titled "Biodiversity and Local Perceptions on the Edge of a Conservation Area, Khe Tran Village, Vietnam" by Boissière M. et al.
DISSEMINATING INFORMATION ON COVID-19 TO RURAL DWELLERS THROUGH TRANSLATION: A PANACEA TO COVID-19 SPREAD
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: November 2020

The ravaging coronavirus has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Its rate of spread and mortality is alarming. To worsen matters, there is no cure, no vaccine presently, though clinical trials are going on. The economies of different countries have been shut down; people are being isolated and quarantined. Everybody has been advised to stay home and stay safe. For developing countries like Nigeria, the only safeguard to mitigate the crazy impact of the pandemic is to adhere to the precautionary measures outlined by health experts – physical distancing, wearing of facemasks, use of sanitizers, maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding social gatherings. Information on COVID-19 needs to reach all Nigerians no matter their location or level of literacy if the impact would be mitigated. Nigeria is a multilingual society so the COVID-19 information needs to be available to all linguistic groups especially those in the rural areas. This paper discusses the dissemination of information on COVID-19 to rural dwellers through translation. The focus here is the Igbo in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. The paper examines translation and terminology, then goes on to give the Igbo version of about 117 COVID-19 terms employing different methods of term creation like equivalence, composition, naturalisation, idiomatic expressions and explicative modulation. With these, the rural Igbo speakers can understand what COVID-19 is all about, the inherent dangers and the precautionary measures to take in order to stem the tide and preserve lives. Some recommendations were also made to help the containment of the pandemic.
STUDI KOMPARASI FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN Y.B MANGUNWIJAYA DAN KI HADJAR DEWANTARA SERTA RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Rizqi
Published: November 2020

Education is essential for human life. Because with education, humans will experience a change, from not knowing to know. It can be said, that education is a noble effort in order to eradicate foolishness and humanizing human. According to what Immanuel Kant said that human could be human because of education. In Indonesia, the issues of the curriculum which is a government policy are one of the problems in education. The demands of the curriculum that want to measure the ability of the student just from numbers are one problem in the education world. Because education obviously cannot be narrowed down jus like that in numbers. These problems clearly cannot be solved easily. In one side, it must be admitted that the education system in Indonesia is very towards achieving a result. On the other side, a teacher must focus on teaching about true values. Based on the description above, this article will discuss the comparative philosophy of education in Y.B Mangunwijaya and Ki Hadjar Dewantara, and their relevance to education in Indonesia.
Evaluasi Fungsi Ekologis dan Estetika Beberapa Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik di Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Fathonah Intan Nur
Published: November 2020

Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) sebagai ameliorasi iklim penting keberadaannya dalam suatu kota terutama kota yang saat ini mengalami peningkatan penduduk yang signifikan seperti Kota Tasikmalaya. Peningkatan penduduk dapat menyebabkan turunnya kualitas lingkungan. Keberadaan RTH publik sangat penting untuk memberikan kawasan rekreasi yang nyaman namun tiga RTH publik yang menjadi pusat rekreasi masyarakat Kota Tasikmalaya belum memberikan kenyamanan thermal dan estetika yang optimal menurut sebagian masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis dan fungsi tanaman, mengevaluasi fungsi ekologis dan estetika RTH, dan menyusun rekomendasi perbaikan penataan tanaman untuk RTH. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga RTH, di antaranya Alun-alun, Taman Kota, dan Kompleks Olahraga Wiradadaha Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu inventarisasi, analisis data inventarisasi dengan Key Performance Index (KPI); Thermal Humidity Index(THI); Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE); deskriptif, serta menyusun rekomendasi perbaikan penataan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kompleks Olahraga Wiradadaha memiliki jenis dan jumlah tanaman terbanyak. Kompleks Olahraga Wiradadaha menjadi RTH terbaik dalam fungsi modifikasi suhu, kontrol kelembaban, dan peredam kebisingan sementara Taman Kota menjadi RTH terbaik dalam penahan angin dibandingkan dengan dua RTH lainnya. Ketiga RTH telah terkualifikasi sebagai area nyaman berdasarkan standar kenyamanan THI dan baku mutu tingkat kebisingan kawasan rekreasi. Ketiga RTH mampu menurunkan suhu rata-rata sebesar 1.4 ˚C, meningkatkan kelembaban rata-rata sebesar 8%, serta meredam kebisingan rata-rata sebesar 4.4 dB. Taman Kota merupakan RTH dengan kualitas estetika lanskap terbaik dan Kompleks Olahraga Wiradadaha merupakan RTH dengan kualitas estetika lanskap terburuk. Pengunjung cukup puas dengan kondisi RTH saat ini tapi akan lebih baik bila ditambahkan tanaman peneduh khususnya untuk Alun-alun dan Taman Kota, penambahan tanaman estetika, dan fasilitas yang memadai. Alun-alun dan Taman Kota membutuhkan lebih banyak tanaman peneduh. Ketiga RTH perlu penambahan tanaman estetika untuk meningkatkan estetika lanskap. Ketiga RTH juga perlu penataan komposisi dan tata letak elemen lanskap yang lebih baik.
Evaluasi Daya Tarik Wisata Kebun Raya Cibodas Dalam Sudut Pandang Kualitas Visual
Authors: Yulianti Santi Desiana , Adriani Hanni , Syahadat Ray March
Published: November 2020

This research was motivated by the diversity of natural and artificial resources in Cibodas Botanical Garden which has a visual quality of landscape beauty that becomes a tourist attraction. This study aims to determine the value of visual quality of tourist attractions in Cibodas Botanical Garden. The method used was a quantitative descriptive approach. Data obtained from observation and literature study and distributing questionnaires to respondents using a sample of 100 people using the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. The assessment was carried out on thirteen tourist attractions of Cibodas Botanical Garden which consisted of Decorative Garden Galleries, Sakura Gardens, Cibogo Waterfall, Ciismun Waterfall, Lumut and Amorphophalus Gardens, Greenhouses, Paku-pakuan Collection, Guest House, Rhododendron Garden, Medicinal Plants Collection, Liana Garden, Large Pond and Semar Pocket House. The total visual assessed was 26 landscapes. Based on the assessment obtained, it shows the tourist attraction landscape that gets the highest visual quality (SBE) value, namely Landscape 12 with a value of 100.53, which is included in the classification of "high visual quality" from the landscape of the Cibodas Botanical Garden Large Pool. A total of 22 landscapes categorized as high visual quality and 4 landscapes categorized as moderate visual quality. No landscape categorized as low visual quality. Thus, the Cibodas Botanical Garden Landscape has great strength in supporting its function as a conservation tourism object in Indonesia but it still needs some landscape arrangement in some spots.
The Importance of Distinguishing between Semantic Content and Level of Identification in Traits and Values
Authors: Hanel Paul H. P. , Maio Gregory R.
Published: November 2020

Traditional models of personality traits and of human values have frequently pointed to theoretical interconnections between these constructs, which both refer to stable psychological characteristics. Yet, decades of study have yielded no consensus about precisely how these constructs interrelate. The present research takes a significant step forward by empirically examining consequences of matching semantic content between traits and values. As an example of such semantic matching, people can vary in the extent to which they are honest and curious (traits), while varying in the extent to which they believe that it is important to be honest and curious (values). We used alternate forms of the HEXACO-trait model (Ashton et al., 2004) and Schwartz’s (1992) 10-value type model to examine this role of semantic content. As expected, we found that the HEXACO and Schwartz models assess different semantic content from each other. We also predicted and found that both the semantic content of the measures (e.g., honesty vs curiosity) and the type of measurement (i.e., as traits or values) determined relations to other variables (e.g., negative affect, internalization of moral identity). These findings show that greater theoretical precision about the relations between traits and values can be achieved by explicitly distinguishing the models’ axiological starting points and focus of assessment.
A Systematic and Critical Review of Research on Respect in Leadership
Authors: Rudolph Cort , Katz Ian M. , Ruppel Regina , Zacher Hannes
Published: November 2020

Respect is an important psychological and interpersonal phenomenon that has been included in various theoretical and empirical approaches to leadership for nearly 70 years. In this systematic and critical review article, we provide a comprehensive summary and critique of theories, definitions, measures, and empirical studies of respect in leadership. We first provide an overview of the historical and theoretical background, including the most common theories, definitions, and measures that inform empirical studies of respect in leadership. Second, we present a systematic literature review of empirical studies on respect in leadership, including a critical evaluation of research designs and statistical analyses that support claims of the validity of various conceptualizations of respect that pertain to the study of leadership. Finally, we offer a new working definition of respect in leadership, and an accompanying conceptual framework which informs a number of recommendations for future theory development, empirical research, and leadership practice.
Heterogeneity of treatment effects in trials on psychotherapy of depression
Authors: Kaiser Tim , Volkmann Constantin , Volkmann Alexander , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPsychotherapy is an evidence-based treatment for depression, but its average effect is modest. Thus, identifying subgroups that respond especially well to psychotherapy is an important goal. This would allow maximizing the efficacy of interventions. However, the extent of treatment effect heterogeneity (TEH) has not yet been systematically investigated. A reliable, evidence-based estimate of this heterogeneity would allow a more accurate assessment of the potential effects of enhancement by personalization.MethodsUsing a large database of randomized-controlled trials on psychotherapy for depression in adults (k = 306), we performed a Bayesian variance ratio meta-regression. Based on the results, we determined the theoretically maximum possible extent of variability of individual outcomes. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted for different types of psychotherapy. We determined the extent of expected TEH given the evidence by employing an analytical approach.OutcomesWe found for the entire sample a 9% higher variance in the intervention groups compared to the control groups, indicating TEH in psychotherapy for depression. Depending on the depression scale used, this corresponds to a standard deviation of the individual treatment effect of 3-4 points. Subgroup analyses revealed that due to a large number of studies, the evidence for TEH is strongest in cognitive-behavioural therapy, while the largest TEH was observed in behavioural activation therapy.InterpretationOur results show that the treatment effect of psychotherapy for depression varies. This is a clear indication that patients benefit differently from different interventions. Clinical or statistical methods that select the optimal intervention for each patient are likely to increase the success of treatment.
Ambiguity Drives Higher-Order Pavlovian Learning
Authors: Zbozinek Tomislav Damir , Perez Omar David , Wise Toby , Fanselow Michael , mobbs dean
Published: November 2020

In the natural world, stimulus-outcome associations are often ambiguous, and most associations are highly complex and situation-dependent. Learning to disambiguate these associations to identify which specific outcomes will occur in which situations is critical for survival. Pavlovian occasion setters are stimuli that determine whether other stimuli will result in a specific outcome. Occasion setting is a well-established field, but very little investigation has been conducted on how occasion setters are disambiguated when they themselves are ambiguous. In two preregistered studies, we investigated the role of higher-order Pavlovian occasion setting in humans. We developed and tested the first computational model predicting direct associative learning, traditional occasion setting, and 2nd-order occasion setting. This model is the first to operationalize stimulus ambiguity as a mechanism to engage in higher-order Pavlovian learning. Both behavioral and computational modeling results suggest that 2nd-order occasion setting was learned, as evidenced by lack and presence of transfer where expected and the superior fit of our 2nd-order occasion setting model over the 1st-order occasion setting or direct associations models. These results provide a controlled investigation into highly complex associative learning and may ultimately lead to improvements in the treatment of Pavlovian-based mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, substance use).
Financial problems associated with food insecurity among public university students in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Mohd Jamil Nurulhudha , Sulaiman Norhasmah ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Adznam Siti Nur’Asyura ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Zainal Badari Shamsul Azahari ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Food is a necessity for students. Yet, students’ food expenditure is anticipated to be restrained by their financial status. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its determinants among university students attending public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: Multistage random sampling was used to select respondents from public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 427 undergraduate students completed a selfadministered questionnaire at four randomly selected universities (Universiti Utara Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Pahang and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia). The questionnaire consisted of information concerning demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds, food security status, eating behaviour, financial literacy, and financial problem among university students. Frequency, chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyse the variables. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 21.6 years, and 60.9% were found to be food insecure. Gender (χ2=5.415), origin (χ2=3.871), number of siblings (χ2=4.521), financial problem (χ2=42.364), and regular breakfast intake (χ2=5.654) were associated with food security status (p<0.05). Male respondents had 1.5 times (AOR=1.547, 95% CI: 1.006-2.380) the risk of having low food security status. Those with higher financial problems (AOR=3.575, 95% CI: 2.332-5.481) were 3.5 times more likely to be food insecure. Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity among public university students in Peninsular Malaysia was significantly high. Thus, intervention studies should focus on students with financial problems. Moreover, establishing a better system for an on campus food pantry or food bank is needed to counter the high prevalence of food insecurity among university students.
Editorial Vol.8
Authors: Maharjan Shyam Krishna
Published: November 2020

Not available.
Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Kalpana
Published: November 2020

The main aim of this study was to find out the vulnerable places of sexual harassment to the girl students and the persons involved in such unwanted behaviors. It was a mixed-methods study. Altogether 773 girl respondents were selected for obtaining quantitative data from Lalitpur and Rupendehi districts in Nepal. Similarly, 10 focus group discussions, 14 Key informant interviews, and eight In-depth interviews were conducted for collecting qualitative data. The result showed that male peers/ friends, teachers, neighbors/ relatives, and strangers were involved in sexual harassment. Frequency of verbal/gestural type of sexual harassment is higher from male peers and touching/pinching and sexual abuse/assault types of sexual harassment are more common from teachers and relatives. Sexual harassment frequently happens in public transport. In society, teachers deserve great respect and trust from parents and students. They have close access to girl students. However, such trust and closeness transformed into sexual harassment whereby accelerating sexual harassment. The higher incidence of sexual harassment at public transports might be due to the proximity and anonymity, which, in turn, results in high levels of sexual harassment and abuse with very little risk of social or legal consequences. The awareness program against sexual harassment and strong laws and order are essential and the judiciary process should be simple and victim-friendly that can reduce sexual harassment to girl students by various perpetrators at different domains in society.
Knowledge and Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Bachelor's Level Female Students of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Jha Bhu Dev
Published: November 2020

Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is used for preventing pregnancy after having unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure or forced sex. The use of ECP within 120 hours of sexual intercourse could prevent unwanted pregnancy and its adverse effects particularly unintended childbirth and unsafe abortion. The study, therefore, aimed to assess knowledge and use of emergency contraceptives among Bachelors level female students from Kathmandu Valley. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November 2017 among 347 female students who were studying at the Bachelors's level. A random sampling technique was used to select study participants and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and use of ECP after securing informed consent. Epi data and SPSS version 22 were used for data processing and analysis. The mean age of the female students was 21.5 years. Overall, 91.4% of the respondents had ever heard about emergency contraceptives. The main sources of information were radio or television, the internet and newspapers. About 4.6% of the undergraduate female students used ECP. Age, marital status, use of contraceptives and knowledge of ECP used within 72 hours were significantly associated with use of ECP. Although the findings of this study showed a high prevalence of knowledge among respondents, the improvement of female students’ knowledge on specific details of ECP and its advantages/disadvantages and timely utilization needs to be considered for any future awareness programmes.
Teachers’ and Parents’ Perceptions on Eating Behaviour of Primary School Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Acharya Milan , Acharya Kamal Prasad
Published: November 2020

This study explores the perceptions involved in the healthy eating behaviour of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-grade students in a primary level community school in Nepal. A total, ten observations during mid-day meal and three focus group discussions were conducted among teachers and parents. Sixty students from grade one to three, five teachers and sixteen parents took part in the study. All the participating teachers and parents were engaged in dialogue conferences during focus groups and students’ eating behaviours were observed by the teachers and parents during tiffin time throughout the study. Thematic-content analysis based on the qualitative approach was used on the collected data from the field notes during a series of participant observations and focus group discussions. It is found that the family norms and feeding culture around a child’s domestic life have an active role in establishing and promoting healthy habits that persists throughout. It is also noted that parental food habits and feeding strategies are the most dominant determinants of children eating behaviour and food choices of mid-day meal during tiffin time at the school. It is recommended that parents and teachers should expose their children and students to a range of good food choices and acting as positive role models.
Holokaust jako ludobójstwo wyjątkowe
Authors: Surzyn Jacek
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to an analysis of the Holocaust uniqueness against the backdrop of other genocides. Most of all, the text follows the clues from Berel Lang, who interpretsthe Nazi Crime as a perfect genocide, that is, such a genocide that implemented its ideological assumptions fully for the first time in human history. What transpired then was in fact a comprehensive synthesis of “idea” and “actions.” Therefore, the relation between the Holocaust and other genocides turns out to be one-sided: the Holocaust is a genocide but no other genocide is the Holocaust. The category of genocide was, first of all, introduced into international circulation by a Polish lawyer of Jewish origin Rafał Lemkin during the final decade before the outbreak of World War Two. Genocide has become an almost universally acknowledged term, reinforced by the UN declaration of 1947. Mass crimes occurred in human history since the time immemorial. However, their character fundamentally changed with the advent of modernity, when powerful nation states within the framework of ideological postulates managed to give a new dimension to their politics, the one including actions meted out against entire communities: ethnic groups or nations. The Nazi crime of the Holocaust seems to be a unique exemplification of “modernity” (the term introduced in this sense by Zygmunt Bauman), that is, the combination of technicalisation and mass production with strong bureaucratic structure, which resulted in an unimaginable deed of murdering millions of Jews while utilising technical methods. The killing took a form of “production tasks,” which made the moral problems of responsibility and guilt appear in a different light. In the article an attempt is made to show implications stemming from the acceptance of the Holocaust’s uniqueness as “a perfect genocide,” both in its political and social as well as philosophical and moral dimensions.
Literatura rosyjska wobec zagłady sowieckich jeńców wojennych
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz
Published: November 2020

The article concerns the motif and theme of Soviet prisoners of war in Russian literature. It presents the most important historical facts, which are the sources of literary approaches, concerning the complicated fate of Soviet POWs during the German-Soviet war (1941‒1945) and after its end. It also shows the political and ideological determinants of the literary image of a prisoner (as a traitor and coward, a resistance fighter in camps and a partisan, victim). The subjects of the analysis are both fictive works and memoirs, among others Mikhail Sholokhov’s The Fate of a Man (Судьба человека), Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича), Vasily Grossman’s Life and fate (Жизнь и судьба), Andrey Pogozhev’s Escape from Auschwitz (Смерть стояла у нас за спиной).
The Roma Genocide. The Roma Pariahs before, during, and after the Second World War
Authors: Weychert Monika
Published: November 2020

The term “pariah” was used by Max Weber in his Ancient Judaism (published originally in the years 1917–1919) to describe the Jewish nation which, as he maintained, was“separated, formally or de facto, from their social surroundings.” Inspired by Weber’s work, Hannah Arendt was the first to expand this concept to include the Roma people, albeit unwittingly. In the light of Arendt’s essay “The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition,” the pariah is a “suspect” treated in accordance with the rules of an investigation, examination, or inspection. Constantly watched, spied on, or kept under surveillance, the pariah becomes hypervisible. The Roma pariahs have been immersed in the “ecology of fear” for ages. Never immune to accusations such as theft or fraud, they have always been construed as the criminogenic element of the society. The “suspicion” would all too easily turn into “prevention,” which would frequently take very radical forms. However, it was only in 1987 that the book The Pariah Syndrome: An Account of Gypsy Slavery and Persecution by Ian Hancock cast light directly onto the Roma pariah. The figure of the pariah helps to reveal the essence of the uniqueness of Porajmos – the Roma genocide as a genocide parallel to the Shoah, yet driven by different causes, proceeding along a different course, and burdened with different consequences. One of these consequences was the fact that in the post-war period the extermination of the Roma gradually sank into oblivion and, thereby, into invisibility.
A Solitary Man in the Space of Genocide
Authors: Tomczok Paweł
Published: November 2020

In this essay, I discuss a particular narrative structure manifest in contemporary genocide narratives, a structure based on a distinctive presence of a first-person – usually male – narrator, who describes his experiences and reflections born in the course of his peregrinations to sites of mass extermination. Rooting my research in geocriticism, I explore ties between spaceand memory, which allows me to distinguish several levels of analyzed texts, tending towards metaphysical generalizations of nihilistic or patriotic nature. I apply the said analytical categories to my study of selected passages of Dawid Szkoła’s and Przemysław Dakowicz’s respective essays.
Kobiety Świadkowie Jehowy w nazistowskich obozach koncentracyjnych. Przyczynek do charakterystyki społeczności kobiecych w lagrach
Authors: Czarnecka Barbara
Published: November 2020

The article describes Jehovah’s Witnesses women as one of less remembered groups among victims of the Nazi regime. What is pointed out, first of all, is the state of research ontheir history, especially pertaining to their camp experience, Western literature on the subject and a negligible number of Polish research works devoted to the topic in question, and also some methodological dilemmas related to researching it. The author presents the circumstances of German Jehovah’s Witnesses after Hitler’s seizure of power, their subsequent persecutions, and also – reconstructed on the basis of documents, witnesses reports, and the members of persecuted group themselves – the fate of female followers of this religion (“the purple triangles”) in concentration camps. The author’s main points of focus are, described by witnesses/beholders/onlookers of the events, acts and attitudes of “the purple triangles” marked by strong spirituality, at the same time unbreakable/intransigent in their defiance of/against violence and the authorities’ orders. (Everybody knew that Jehovah’s Witnesses could have basically “sign off” from the camp by putting their signature at the bottom of a declaration that they would renounce their faith and cease to practise their religion.) Such a defiance may be better understood, the author claims, by interpreting it in the light of the anthropological concept of emotional communities.
Polska literatura najnowsza i Holokaust – edukacyjny potencjał fikcji?
Authors: Czyżak Agnieszka
Published: November 2020

The article contains considerations regarding memory of the Holocaust in Polish contemporary prose and analyses the arguments for and against fictitious representations of theShoah. The author discusses the changes in treating fiction which narrates the history of Jewish people during the Second World War – from works of fiction published after the war (e.g. Wielki Tydzień by Jerzy Andrzejewski) to popular thrillers written in the 21st century. The main part of this article is devoted to a novel Tworki written by Marek Bieńczyk in 1999, telling a story of young people – Poles and Jews – employed in a mental hospital during German occupation. The novel was at the centre stage of discussion about relationship between fiction and the Shoah theme, yet the author of the article argues that it may serve as an important stepping stone in exemplifying history. This literary vision of the Holocaust (defined as “pastoral thriller”) shows educational possibilities of fiction.
Wysiedlenie widziane oczami dziecka z Zamojszczyzny
Authors: Stelingowska Barbara
Published: November 2020

The article undertakes the topic of forced population displacement seen through the eyes of a child from Zamojszczyzna along with war-time fates of Polish families deported duringthe Second World War. The history of Zamojszczyzna lands is composed of tragic experiences of people forced out of their family households, imprisoned in the transit camps, deported to be involuntary labourers in the Third Reich, or murdered in concentration camps KL Auschwitz and KL Lublin (Majdanek). The survivors had to carry on throughout their lives with an indelible mark left by war-time childhood reflected by the name “a Child of Zamojszczyna” (the said status was granted to persons who were prisoners of the transit camps in Zamość and Zwierzyniec [solely children until the age of fourteen] and those imprisoned in concentration camps [for at least one day]).
„Nadprzyrodzone” w redefiniowaniu tożsamości Ukraińców po rewolucji godności
Authors: Solarz Olga
Published: November 2020

The issues touched upon in the article concern the impact of the “supernatural” element in re-defining the Ukrainians’ identity during and after the Revolution of Dignity, including the merger of the events’ casualties with the image of an angel hero fighting under the leadership of Archangel Michael against the Yanukovych regime. It instigated the process of the mythologizing victims, whose souls – according to collective imagination – composed the Nebesna Sotnya waging war against evil from the heavens above, while at the same time protecting the living. The community commenced the said re-definition of identity, among others, by referring the initiation hero’s journey, who first fought at Maidan, then proceeded to the battlefield of war, while still remaining under the “supernatural” protection. Moreover, mystical signs only reinforced the rightfulness of taking up the challenge and the righteousness of the very idea.
THE EFFECT OF WELDING CURRENT ON AISI 1045 STRENGTH AND CORROSION RATE
Authors: Wardani Iftika Philo , Setyowati Vuri Ayu , Suheni Suheni , Samudra Ilham Prajala
Published: November 2020

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) was widely used in industry for joining AISI 1045 steel because this method was simple, in-expensive, and the device is portable. This researched aimed to analyze the effect of variations in welding current towards material strength and corrosion rate of AISI 1045. Welding current that been used as variations in this study are 100, 110, and 120 Ampere. This research was conducted using tensile test on the weld area and immersion around the weld area in NaCl solution with 0.4% concentration. From the research that conducted, it is known that increasing in welding current made the yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture strength of material also increased. This phenomenon also happened for elongation of material in weld area. With increasing the welding current then the elongation of material also increasing. Another aspect that researched in this paper is the effect of welding current toward corrosion rate of material. From the result, it was known that increasing welding current made corrosion rate of material became faster.
Breaking the Silence on Father-Daughter Sexual Abuse of Adolescent Girls: A Case Law Study
Authors: Benedet Janine , Grant Isabel
Published: November 2020

De toutes les étapes de leur vie, les femmes sont plus souvent la cible de violences sexuelles à l’adolescence. La plupart du temps, les filles font l’objet de violences sexuelles aux mains d’hommes qu’elles connaissent et en qui elles ont confiance dans leurs propres familles et pourtant, ce type d’agression a largement échappé à l’attention du mouvement #Moiaussi. Dans le présent article, les autrices désirent relancer la discussion sur les agressions sexuelles commises par les pères sur leurs filles adolescentes. L’article fait partie d’une étude plus vaste qui examine toutes les décisions judiciaires canadiennes concernant des infractions d’ordre sexuel contre des filles âgées de 12 à 17 ans sur une période de trois ans. L’examen de ces cas révèle que plus dʼun quart de tous les cas d’agression sexuelle signalés contre des adolescentes sont commis par les beaux-pères et les pères biologiques. Les autrices ont trouvé des similarités entre les comportements violents et le contrôle coercitif décrit par les femmes adultes dans leurs relations intimes avec des hommes exerçant un contrôle dépassant la seule sphère sexuelle. Même si la proportion de déclarations de culpabilité est relativement élevée, elle est plus faible pour les pères que pour les autres groupes d’agresseurs. Les autrices concluent que les agressions sexuelles commises par les pères sont les plus faciles à perpétrer, les plus difficiles à mettre au jour et les plus dommageables pour les victimes.
Veterinary Student Knowledge and Attitudes about Swine Change after Lectures and a Farm Visit
Authors: Ventura Beth A. , Terreaux Claire M. H. A. , Zhitnitskiy Perle E.
Published: November 2020

Veterinary schools are facing the challenge of increasing animal welfare (AW) training while also attracting future practitioners to livestock medicine. Both objectives may be better achieved through farm visits early in veterinary training. First year veterinary students at the University of Minnesota (n = 103) were surveyed during the Spring 2019 Professional Development II course to document their knowledge, attitudes, and values relative to pigs, AW, and the industry before and after classroom and online lectures and a visit to a farrow-to-wean farm. Quantitative (Kruskal-Wallis, Kendall tau-c and Chi-Square) and qualitative (content analysis) analyses were used to identify shifts in knowledge and attitudes and associations with demographics and use of the AW values of biological functioning, affective state, and natural living. Most students were female (85.4%), from urban/suburban backgrounds (68.9%), and did not wish to work with livestock (66.0%). Knowledge scores (p <.05) and attitudes toward pigs (p = .0152) improved after visiting the farm. Satisfaction with AW on most commercial farms shifted after the farm visit (p = .0003), with those valuing biological functioning becoming more satisfied (p = .0342). In contrast, students who visited the farm when enrichment was provided were more dissatisfied compared to those who toured the farm without enrichment (p = .0490). Those referencing natural living (p = .0047) rated the toured farm as a poorer steward of welfare. Students’ AW concerns included behavioral restriction in individual stalls and injury and lameness in group pens. Farm visits are an important tool in veterinary education, but may result in segmentation in student knowledge and attitudes relative to livestock welfare.
Comparison of Three Canine Models for Teaching Veterinary Dental Cleaning
Authors: Hunt Julie A. , Schmidt Paul , Perkins Jamie , Newton Genesis , Anderson Stacy L.
Published: November 2020

Veterinary dental cleaning prevents and treats periodontal disease, one of the most common diagnoses in small animal practice. Students learn to perform dental cleaning through deliberate practice, which can be gained through working on models. This study compared educational outcomes after students ( n = 36) were randomized to practice on one of three dental cleaning models: a low-fidelity ceramic tile, a mid-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) printed canine skull model, or a high-fidelity canine head model. Students provided survey feedback about their model and later performed a dental cleaning on a canine cadaver head while being video-recorded. Experts ( n = 10) provided feedback on each model. Experts agreed that all models were suitable for teaching dental cleaning, but the 3D skull and full head models were more suitable for assessing student skill ( p = .002). Students were also more positive about the realism and features of those two models compared to the tile model. Students practicing on each of the models were equally effective at removing calculus from the cadavers’ teeth. Students who learned on the tile model were a median of 4 minutes slower to remove calculus from their cadaver’s teeth than students who trained on the canine head model. Although students may be more accepting of the 3D skull and full head models, all three models were equally effective at teaching the skill. Experts approved all models for teaching, but recommended the 3D skull or full head model if student skills were to be assessed. Low-fidelity models remain effective training tools with comparable learning outcomes.
Comparison of Hemorrhagic Complications with Double-ligated versus Auto-ligated Feline Ovarian Pedicles by Fourth-Year Veterinary Students
Authors: Showers Annie L. , Horvath Stephen J. , Pontius David , Forman Michelle R. , Hanthorn Audra
Published: November 2020

The objective of this article is to compare the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications in student-performed feline ovarian pedicle ligations using the traditional suture pedicle double-ligation (PDL) to the suture-less auto-ligation (AL) techniques, and to describe the stepwise method of teaching the AL technique to students. A total of 287 cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy (OHE) performed by a fourth-year veterinary student trained by veterinary faculty to perform the AL technique beginning with a low-fidelity model and progressing to live patient surgeries. Students performed the AL and PDL techniques on 146 and 141 cats respectively. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 4 of 146 cats (2.7%) in the AL group and 8 of 141 (5.7%) in the PDL group and were not found to be significantly different ( p = 0.2496). This article demonstrates that novice surgeons can safely perform the AL technique on feline ovarian pedicles without significantly increasing complications compared to the traditionally taught method when a stepwise training program is implemented. Additionally, this technique has been shown to be safe, effective, and more efficient when performed by experienced veterinary surgeons. 1 Veterinary institutions should consider including the AL technique in their core curricula as a standard method for feline ovarian pedicle ligation. Doing so will facilitate the development of more proficient entry-level practitioners who are better able to serve their patients, clients, employers, humane societies, and their communities by using a more efficient and safe feline ovariohysterectomy technique.