bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear of Falling – Fear of Fading: The Emotional Dynamics of Positional and Personalised Individualism
Authors: Aarseth Helene
Published: October 2017

This article explores the emotional dynamics involved in the shaping of middle-class subjectivities, aiming to move beyond the ‘fear of falling’ thesis and the attendant emphasis on the quest for positional advantage. I argue that this thesis offers a one-dimensional notion of what it is that drives middle-class perceptions, values and motivations, unsuitable for explaining current tensions between symbolic and economic fractions. Drawing on a comparative narrative interview study of managerial and professional parents in Norway, I describe the emotionally charged investments – ‘fear of falling’ and ‘fear of fading’ – as well as the excitements that drive different modes of socialisation in these groups. Further developing the phenomenological and psychosocial trajectories in Bourdieu’s practice theory yields a productive tool for exploring these modes of socialisation, contributing to an enhanced conception of emotional dynamics of different middle-class subjectivities.
Recognising the barriers to securing affordable housing through the land use planning system in Sub-Saharan Africa: A perspective from Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Felix SK , Morrison Nicky
Published: October 2017

Housing low-income households is a daunting task for policy makers across the Global South, and especially for those in Africa where past attempts to deliver State-funded affordable housing projects yielded minimal results. Presenting Ghana as a case study, the purpose of this article is to consider the rationale for and barriers to securing affordable housing through the planning system, situated within an African context. The key factors that would inhibit effective policy implementation include, on the one hand, a lack of central government commitment, weak enforcement of planning regulations and low capacity of local planning authorities, and, on the other hand, the dominance of customary land ownership and the informal nature of housing delivery. That notwithstanding, undertaking a mapping exercise of large-scale formal residential developments built across Greater Accra in recent years, the article suggests that there is an opportunity cost in not attempting to extract some form of economic rent from the private sector. By having an already established nationalised development rights system alongside a rising formal real estate market, there is in effect scope for introducing planning obligations in the longer term. Whilst by necessity, it takes time to fully establish and enforce this form of land value capture legislation; nonetheless, if the principles can be established, transferable lessons exist across Africa and the Global South.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean‐Contaminated Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Vila Peter M. , Zenga Joseph , Fowler Susan , Jackson Ryan S.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To determine the optimal duration and type of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean‐contaminated resection for head and neck cancer.

Data Sources

Search strategies were created by a medical librarian, implemented in multiple databases, and completed in June 2016.

Review Methods

The population of interest was adults ≥18 years undergoing clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, intervention was postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, comparator was duration and types of antibiotics used, outcome was the wound infection rate, and the study design was randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were excluded if not randomized, did not use systemic antibiotics, did not study wound infections, or included children. After excluding duplicates, the search strategy yielded 427 abstracts. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 studies were screened, leaving 19 RCTs for review. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis.

Results

Meta‐analysis of 340 patients in 4 RCTs showed that the pooled relative risk of wound infection was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐1.61; P =. 718; I2 = 0.0%) in patients receiving 1 day vs 5 days of prophylaxis.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that there is no difference in the risk of wound infection with 1 day vs 5 days of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, consistent with existing guidelines. Future large randomized trials are needed to more clearly define the appropriate choice of prophylaxis in penicillin‐allergic patients.
Training Otolaryngologists in Palliative Care Delivery: An Underutilized Opportunity
Authors: Lu‐Myers Yemeng
Published: October 2017

Palliative care is an underutilized and often misunderstood discipline in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. The key components of palliative care include symptoms management, psychosocial support, and enhanced communications. Abundant evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effect for the early incorporation of palliative care in the treatment paradigm for patients with chronic diseases and malignancies, with findings supporting its positive effect on patients’ quality of life as well their survival. Particularly for otolaryngologists, the unique morbidities of head and neck cancer make our patients especially vulnerable and even more in need of the support and benefits that can come from palliative care. While increased consultation with palliative care providers for patients with head and neck cancer is a good first step, training otolaryngologists to develop their own “primary palliative care competencies” is key for improving our patients’ outcomes.
Can vocabulary lessons increase the amount of complex syntax produced by head start teachers? A pilot study
Authors: Van Horne Amanda Owen , Curran Maura , Hall Jessica
Published: October 2017

In this pilot study, we examine the suitability of materials for a vocabulary intervention designed to influence the amount of complex syntax teachers use in at-risk preschool classrooms. Six Head Start classrooms were assigned to one of two vocabulary interventions: a condition using cognitive verbs, which are biased toward complex syntax (e.g. pretend), or a control condition using action verbs, which are biased towards simple sentences (e.g. identify). Consistent with our hypotheses, teachers in the cognitive verb condition used higher rates of complex syntax than those in the action verb condition while our materials were in use. Teacher acceptability and use data indicate that verb characteristics affect frequency of use and perceived benefit of intervention materials. Implications for the development of interventions targeting complex syntax use in at-risk children are discussed, including factors likely to support fidelity of implementation in the classroom.
Towards a new public sphere for political inclusion: Mobile media and the reshaping of local governance landscapes in Sierra Leone
Authors: Sam Steven
Published: October 2017

Political marginalization in local governance systems in Sierra Leone results in the struggle for citizens to fully participate in deliberative democracy and amplify their voices in decision-making processes. This article draws on Habermas’ theory of the public sphere to critically examine the extent to which mobile phone use alters political relations between marginalized citizens and power holders in Sierra Leone’s local governance systems. By using ethnographic data from rural and urban communities in Sierra Leone, this article shows that the mobile phone provides a useful mediated public sphere for the marginalized to negotiate political relations, inform deliberative democratic processes and remove political middlemen in local governance. The mobile phone empowers the marginalized to organize themselves and amplify their voices in local political decision-making. The article concludes by arguing that the introduction of mobile phones into the local governance systems in Sierra Leone results in the emergence of new formations of participatory public discussion and radical alterations in local political processes. However, the sustainability of these practices depends on the integration of mobile phones into a larger network of political arrangements in the country.
Accuracy of pre-interventional computed tomography angiography post-processing software and extravascularly calibrated devices to determine vessel diameters: comparison with an intravascularly located calibrated catheter
Authors: Stahlberg Erik , Planert Mathis , Anton Susanne , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Horn Marco , Barkhausen Joerg , Goltz Jan Peter
Published: October 2017

Background

Accurate vessel sizing might affect treatment outcome of endovascular therapy.

Purpose

To compare accuracy of peripheral vessel diameter measurements using pre-interventional computed tomography angiography post processing software (CTA-PPS) and extravascularly located calibrated devices used during digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with an intravascular scaled catheter (SC).

Material and Methods

In 33 patients (28 men, mean age = 72 ± 11 years) a SC was used during DSA of the femoro-popliteal territory. Simultaneously, one scaled radiopaque tape (SRT) was affixed to the lateral thigh, one scaled radiopaque ruler (SRR) was positioned on the angiography table. For each patient, diameters of five anatomic landmarks were measured on DSA images after calibration using different scaled devices and CTA-PPS. Diameters were compared to SC (reference) and between groups of non-obese (NOB) and obese (OB) patients.

Results

In total, 660 measurements were performed. Compared to the reference, SRT overestimated the diameter by 1.2% (range = -10–12, standard deviation [SD] = 4.1%, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.992, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.989–0.992, P = 0.01), the SRR and CTA-PPS underestimated it by 21.3% (range = 1–47, SD = 9.4%, ICC = 0.864, 95% CI = 0.11–0.963, P = 0.08) and 3.2% (range = 17–38, SD = 9.7%, ICC = 0.976, 95% CI = 0.964–0.983, P = 0.01), respectively. Underestimation using the SRR was greatest in the proximal superficial-femoral artery (31%) and lowest at the P2 level of the popliteal artery (15%). In the NOB group, diameter overestimation of the SRT was 0.8% (range = 4–7, SD = 4.2%, B = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.293–0.435, P = 0.08) compared to the OB group of 1.6% (range = −7–4, SD = 2.9%, B = 0.010, 95% CI = 0.474–0.454, P = 0.96). Diameter underestimation of the SRR was 17.3% (range = 13–21, SD = 3.1%, B = 0.946, 95% CI = 0.486–1.405, P = 0.002) in the NOB group, 23.3% (range = 11–36, SD = 6.6%, B = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.268–1.472, P = 0.007) in the OB group.

Conclusion

For calibrated measurements SRT and CTA-PPS prove accurate compared to the reference, while SRR does not. Obesity has a significant impact on underestimation of diameter if SRR is used.
Conceptualising contemporary retail divestment: Tesco's departure from South Korea
Authors: Coe Neil M , Lee Yong-Sook , Wood Steve
Published: October 2017

In this article, we critically analyse the September 2015 decision of the UK retailer Tesco to sell its highly profitable South Korean subsidiary Homeplus to private investors. For over a decade since market entry in 1999, Homeplus had grown steadily to achieve a market-leading position through a process of strategic localization in which Tesco's global business practices were selectively adapted to meet the specific needs of the South Korean market. Against this backdrop, we explain the exit decision through theorising the dynamic intersection of home and host market factors that developed contemporaneously from 2010 onwards. On the one hand, worsening market conditions and financial pressures in a post-crisis UK domestic market drove Tesco to refocus on its home operations and, ultimately, identify saleable assets to offset mounting debts. On the other hand, steadily growing resistance within the South Korean market from competitors, regulators, labour and consumers caused sales growth to stall and then start to decline. Our analysis contributes to the economic geography literature on retail divestment by conceptualising the relational process of divestment decision-making that encompasses the intersection of home and host market pressures as well as conditions across the wider portfolio of subsidiaries. The research is particularly distinctive in its profiling of this coevolution of drivers, and in distilling the different ‘domains’ of host market contestation. The analysis also has wider significance in the context of the broader literatures on economic globalization that have tended to focus heavily on processes of expansion and market entry and far less on the instances of failure and exit that are an integral and inevitable part of these wider dynamics.
Urban service provision: Insights from pragmatism and ethics
Authors: Furlong Kathryn , Carré Marie-Noëlle , Guerrero Tatiana Acevedo
Published: October 2017

In their work and life, urban service providers are continually torn between policies and pressures from higher scales and the realities of the cities they inhabit. The ways in which they negotiate these tensions imply the complex adjudication of a range of normative issues, conditioned by the variety of socio-technical, political, and economic factors that are underscored in the literature. In this way, geographical debates on pragmatism and ethics have an important, yet largely overlooked, contribution to make to the study of urban services. These approaches can promote the careful consideration of how people engaged in service provision manage such complexity – including its normative dimensions – through their long-term embodied experience. Pragmatic and related ethical perspectives necessarily contextualize decision-making, taking us beyond ideology or institutional exigencies to debates about practical reason, everyday ethics and embodied practice.
Animals’ atmospheres
Authors: Lorimer Jamie , Hodgetts Timothy , Barua Maan
Published: October 2017

This article introduces the concept of animals’ atmospheres, as a contribution to work in animal and atmospheric geographies. It defines the concept and identifies the key factors that shape an animals’ atmosphere. These offer a framework for future comparative research. The second section focuses on methodological and epistemic challenges of knowing and representing animal atmospheres. The third section examines engineering of animals’ atmospheres, in context of the biopolitics of managing animal life in the Anthropocene. In conclusion, the article highlights its contributions. Illustrations are drawn from the atmospheres of dogs and wolves.
Geography and ethics III: Whither the next moral turn?
Authors: Olson Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

The 20 years since geography’s ‘moral turn’ have generated a robust field of scholarship around diverse ethical engagements. However, as geographers continue to build articulate claims to care and justice in and beyond the academy, the role of ‘the moral’ has often been resigned to the margins of our theories and empirical work. In my third and final progress report on geography and ethics, I suggest that new approaches toward moral geographies and economies are already signaling directions for geography’s next moral turn. Some of these approaches use more traditional theoretical and empirical options to explain and raise challenges for confronting harmful moral projects endorsed by states. But other more critical and controversial shifts are also evident in the speculative ethics of post-humanism which destabilize and reassemble what we think we know about moral status and moral agency.
Preserving cultural products
Authors: Smart Cherry-Ann
Published: October 2017

Libraries remain crucial for the preservation and dissemination of cultural products in the English-speaking Caribbean. Cultural products span the realm from traditional to contemporary artforms in diverse formats. Technology has facilitated the process allowing cultural intermediaries such as libraries, archives and museums to extend their reach and expand markets. Globalization has also impacted the process, weakening national boundaries to facilitate a polemically viewed transformation. The treatment of cultural products with libraries is an uncommon theme in the literature on Caribbean libraries. This article therefore explores the practices of the Caribbean library in the acquisition, preservation and promotion of the region’s cultural product.
Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Between Central and Lateral Lesions After Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Capitellum
Authors: Matsuura Takeshi , Hashimoto Yusuke , Nishino Kazuya , Nishida Yohei , Takahashi Shinji , Shimada Nagakazu
Published: October 2017

Background:

Clinical studies have reported satisfactory results after osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) for central lesions of unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow. However, the outcomes after OAT for lateral lesions remain unclear.

Hypothesis:

The clinical outcomes of OAT would be better for central lesions than for lateral lesions.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively evaluated 103 juvenile athletes (mean age, 13.2 years; range, 11-16 years) who underwent OAT for symptomatic OCD of the humeral capitellum from 2003 to 2014. Sixteen patients were excluded because they did not fit the inclusion criteria. The final cohort of 87 patients was divided by lesion type into central lesion (n = 43) and lateral lesion (n = 44) groups. When possible, a single large plug was created for grafting and trimmed to reconstruct the rounded joint surface. The clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes were evaluated for each group at a mean follow-up of 43 months (range, 24-100 months).

Results:

There were no significant differences in the age, sex, height, weight, duration of symptoms, follow-up time, preoperative range of motion, or Timmerman and Andrews score between the 2 groups. The preoperative osteoarthritic changes (0 of 43 for central vs 5 of 44 cases for lateral; P = .023), mean lesion size (12.2 ± 2.9 vs 18.2 ± 7.0 mm; P < .001), and graft number (1.6 vs 2.8; P < .001) were significantly greater in the lateral group versus the central group. The mean range of extension (2.3° ± 5.4° vs −3.2° ± 8.7°; P < .001) and Timmerman and Andrews score (194 vs 185; P = .006) at the final follow-up were significantly better for patients in the central group. More patients in the lateral group had postoperative radial head subluxation (0 of 43 vs 6 of 44; P = .012) and osteoarthritic changes (1 of 43 vs 9 of 44; P = .008). The mean MOCART score showed no significant differences between the groups (78.0 ± 15.7 vs 72.6 ± 20.9; P = .181). The rate of return to sports at the previous level was 100% in the central group and 86% in the lateral group ( P = .012).

Conclusion:

The clinical and radiographic outcomes after OAT associated with unstable OCD of the humeral capitellum were better for central lesions than for lateral lesions. However, satisfactory outcomes and a high rate of return to sports were obtained for unstable lateral lesions after OAT.
An Exploration of Edible Palm Weevil Larvae (Akokono) as a Source of Nutrition and Livelihood: Perspectives From Ghanaian Stakeholders
Authors: Laar Amos , Kotoh Agnes , Parker Megan , Milani Peiman , Tawiah Charlotte , Soor Shobhita , Anankware Jacob P. , Kalra Nikhila , Manu Grace , Tandoh Akua , Zobrist Stephanie , Engmann Cyril , Pelto Gretel
Published: October 2017

Background:

Meeting the nutritive needs of infants and young children is a challenge in Ghana. Alternative animal source foods, including insects, could enhance infant and young child dietary quality while also improving livelihoods.

Objective:

To investigate the perspectives of Ghanaian stakeholders on the acceptability of the palm weevil larvae ( akokono) as a food source and the feasibility of micro-farming this local edible insect as a complementary food for infants and young children.

Methods:

We conducted an ethnographic study in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. First, 48 caregivers were asked questions about feeding and care practices, including attitudes toward production and consumption of akokono. Then, a selection of previously interviewed respondents joined 1 of 8 focus group discussions to provide further insight on key themes that emerged from earlier interviews. Concurrently, interviews with 25 other key local stakeholders were conducted.

Results:

Respondents generally had favorable perceptions of akokono as a nutritious food. A small minority would not consume akokono for religious reasons. Key factors positively influencing the acceptability of akokono as a complementary food were familiarity with the consumption of akokono by the primary caregiver and health worker endorsement of akokono. Stakeholders consider the larvae farmable and were open to its domestication.

Conclusions:

Anticipated barriers to scaling up akokono micro-farming include a need for greater familiarity with and acceptance of the insect as food for infants and young children and creation of a sustainable market. Engagement with stakeholders, including health workers, will facilitate use of akokono as a complementary food.
The Effect of the Moscow Theatre Siege on Expectations of Well-Being in the Future
Authors: Vorsina Margarita , Manning Matthew , Fleming Christopher M. , Smith Christine
Published: October 2017

We employ the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), a survey of 6,000 individuals, and a difference-in-differences estimation strategy to examine the effect of the 2002 Moscow theatre siege on the level of self-reported expectations of life in the future of the Russian population. The longitudinal nature of the data allows us to explore both the short- and long-term effects of terrorism on this population as well as contribute to the limited number of quasi-experimental studies in this area. By focusing on expectations of life in the future, we broaden our understanding of the social consequences of terrorism. Controlling for a range of sociodemographic variables including self-assessed relative income, our findings suggest that the well-being effects of terrorism are complex and the net effect of a terrorism incident on well-being may not necessarily be negative. This can be explained, at least in part, by the theory of posttraumatic growth—a theory that refers to the positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, with terrorism incidents inadvertently promoting more meaningful interpersonal relationships, new views of the self and new views of the world. That is not to suggest that terrorism is a positive phenomenon—rather, that individuals have a lifelong plasticity rendering them capable of recovery from adversity. The primary objectives of terrorists, therefore, are unlikely to be fully achieved. It is hoped that our research allows for the development of more refined policies that aim to encourage posttraumatic growth while simultaneously attempting to minimize posttraumatic stress disorder. This may involve engaging with the psychological community to devise policies and programs that target those in the population who are most vulnerable and for these groups devise strategies to enhance their psychological resilience following a terrorist (or other traumatic) event.
Low Sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Cognitive Assessment of Brazilian Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Breder Raphael , Leite Marco Antonio Araujo , Pinto Jony Arrais , Cavalcante Igor Pinto , Pessoa Bruno Lima , Neves Marco Antônio Orsini
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Recent publications have highlighted the low sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the cognitive assessment of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), otherwise, has shown greater sensitivity when compared to the MMSE. Based on this, we have searched for the cognitive impairment measurable by the MoCA and the functional performance on activities of daily living in a sample of Brazilian patients with PD and normal MMSE. We hypothesized that the low sensitivity of the MMSE, already shown by other authors, could be replicated in a low-income country.

Objective:

To describe the performance on the MoCA and the dependence on third parties for activities of daily living in a sample of Brazilian patients with PD and normal MMSE.

Methods:

We evaluated 43 volunteers with PD and normal MMSE considering the Brazilian cutoffs. Cognitive performance was assessed through the MoCA and functional performance through a modified version of the Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale.

Results:

Despite normal score on the MMSE, considering the Brazilian cutoffs, 62.7% of the volunteers performed below the literature cutoff for the MoCA (26 points). Furthermore, 30.2% had dependence on third party for activities of daily living. By using a strict cutoff for the MMSE (26 points), 56.7% performed below the MoCA cutoff and 24.3% had dependence for activities of daily living.

Conclusions:

Our findings confirm the limitations of the MMSE for the cognitive screening of patients with PD in a low-income country.
Moving Beyond Socioemotional Wealth: Toward a Normative Theory of Decision Making in Family Business
Authors: Newbert Scott , Craig Justin B.
Published: October 2017

Business-owning families are widely believed to make decisions in order to increase their authority over, influence on, and identity with their businesses. Yet, because the resulting socioemotional wealth is intended to be enjoyed by the family alone, this view reflects a largely self-interested approach to decision making. We, therefore, call on family business scholars to leverage the work of social economists (i.e., Amitai Etzioni) and moral philosophers (i.e., Adam Smith) in order to develop normative guidance for family owners seeking to pursue their own interests as well as those of the other stakeholders in society to which they are accountable.
Effects of nitrile rubber and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on damage recovery and physical mechanical properties of carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Xiaojia , Peng Guirong , Liu Wenpei
Published: October 2017

Carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy resin composites (CF/EP) modified with nitrile rubber (NBR) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared, and their shape memory behavior and physical mechanical properties were studied. NBR/CF/EP composite showed a relative lower bending strength than pure CF/EP composite, and a remarkable increase of bending strength was achieved for CNT/CF/EP composite. The bending strength of all samples increased after postcure process. All samples showed a similar glass transition temperature, but CNT/CF/EP composite could recover at lower temperature and faster speed, while NBR/CF/EP composite was just the opposite. During folding-recovery cycles, internal damage increased with folding times, which led to a general decrease in bending strength, storage modulus, and shape recovery ratio. The anomaly of slight increase in bending strength resulted from the further curing at high temperature during the folding-recovery cycles. Among the three kinds of samples, NBR/CF/EP composite showed the best folding-recovery precision, recovery repeatability, and recovery capability of bending strength, which was considered resulting from the various damage mechanisms. Compared with the cracks in the CNT/CF/EP composite, the rubber deformation and plastic deformation of the matrix of NBR/CF/EP composite prior to the occurrence of cracks were easier to recover during the inadvertent or intentional postcure process.
Alexander Thom (1775–1845): From Army Surgeon to Settlement Founder
Authors: Petty Ross D.
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the life of a 19th century medical practitioner and the impact he had on both people and society. Alexander Thom had a distinguished career as a surgeon in the British Army Medical Service before retiring to become one of the founding settlers and leaders of Perth, Ontario. There his half-pay retirement, land grants from being in the military and his medical practice enabled him to become a successful businessman-mill owner, justice of the peace, local politician and eventually district court judge. Like many doctors of his or any era, his contributions to society extended beyond his medical practice.
An Empirical Study on the Improvement of R&D Competition Policy for the National R&D Programme
Authors: Hwang Byung Yong , Suh Jee Hyun , Kim Dae Cheol
Published: October 2017

Despite the increase in government spending on R&D in South Korea (hereafter Korea), there have been limits in enhancing the impact and commercialisation of research outcomes. A new approach to the current mode of R&D is considered necessary to tackle this problem. In 2014, Korea implemented a new competition policy on national R&D by designating six R&D programmes from four different government departments as Competition-type R&D. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions for adoption and to further promote early establishment and wide implementation of the new competition policy on national R&D, and identify the ways for improvement. In this study, we have approached the case with a life-cycle perspective of plan–management–evaluation of R&D. Multiple sources of data collection included documents, surveys and unstandardised interviews with the staff members in the government sector organisations and agencies responsible for the national R&D management. Based on the results of the analysis, we bring suggestions on three areas of improvement: (a) materialising suitable projects to enrol in the R&D competition programme; (b) suggesting competition models for each stage of R&D life cycle; and (c) establishing the institutional basis upon which the policy may be widely adopted. Finally, we discuss possible improvements and the limits of this study.
Disruptive Meaning-Making: Qualitative Data Analysis Software and Postmodern Pastiche
Authors: Le Blanc Amana Marie
Published: October 2017

This article examines the use of qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) as a means of disrupting conventional research practices. It is based on a study that used NVivo 10 toward the construction of a “postmodern pastiche” of research narratives. Although QDAS has frequently been touted as a means to assuage concerns that qualitative research lacks transparency, rigor, and validity by permitting such inquiry to be codified, quantified, and confined, this research used the tool toward the construction of counter-narratives. This study aimed to transform the digital tool via the use of “mutated dominant practices.” NVivo 10’s hypertextual environment subverted the authority of any one privileged telling and allowed for the creation of research narratives that were fluid, fragmented, and resisted closure. Underpinned by a postmodern theoretical perspective and using an alternative multicase methodology, this study explored the narratives of three self-identified female gamers.
#Sippingtea: Two Black Female Literacy Scholars Sharing Counter-Stories to Redefine Our Roles in the Academy
Authors: Grey ThedaMarie Gibbs , Williams-Farrier Bonnie J.
Published: October 2017

Through this piece, we draw upon critical race theory and Collins’s Afrocentric feminist epistemology to highlight the importance of storytelling as a knowledge validation system in Black women’s language. We illuminate and analyze a dialogic performance of two Black female literacy scholars in a coffee house “sipping tea,” sharing stories about their joint triumphs and challenges with teaching through equity-based pedagogies. The article takes its political and poetical inspiration from this dialogic performance placed in the center of the article. The dialogue is meant to enliven and represent the Afrocentric feminist discourse patterns that undergird our relationships with one another as Black sister scholars as well as our relationships to our classroom teaching and research. We offer discussions of literacy research and theory, personal experience/ethos, linguistic knowledge, and critique of racism. Our article has implications for strengthening the academy’s understanding of Black female bodies/language in White university spaces still hell-bent on not welcoming/employing either.
Mediators of Change in a Parent Training Program for Early ADHD Difficulties: The Role of Parental Strategies, Parental Self-Efficacy, and Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Rimestad Marie Louise , O’Toole Mia Skytte , Hougaard Esben
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim was to explore mediators of change in parent training (PT) for 3- to 8-year-old children with ADHD difficulties. Method: Parents of 64 children received PT with Incredible Years® and assessed child ADHD symptoms and conduct problems and their parenting strategies, parental self-efficacy, and therapeutic alliance before, during, and after PT. Product-of-coefficients mediation analyses in multilevel models were applied, and causal relations between mediators and outcome were investigated in time-lagged analyses. Results: Increased parental self-efficacy and reduced negative parenting statistically mediated reductions in ADHD and conduct problems in the product-of-coefficient analyses. However, time-lagged analyses were unable to detect a causal relation between prior change in mediators and subsequent child symptom reduction. There was limited evidence of therapeutic alliance as mediator of child symptom reduction or change in parenting variables. Conclusion: Parental self-efficacy and reductions in negative parenting may mediate change in PT, but more fine-grained time-lagged analyses are needed to establish causality.
Professional Evaluation in the Public Interest(s)
Authors: Julnes George , Bustelo Maria
Published: October 2017

Efforts to promote professionalism in evaluation, whether through certification, credentialing, or other path, are not new, but there is a new push to adopt sets of essential evaluator competencies, both in the United States and globally, that are intended to advance professionalism of the field. This emphasis on professionalism is relevant to the American Journal of Evaluation Section on Professional Values and Ethics in that this section focuses on how values are to influence evaluation practice and on how our understanding of valuing affects our view of the ethics that should guide evaluators. In his invited contribution to this issue’s section, Tom Schwandt provides an account of professionalism based on a view of evaluators serving a moral purpose in serving society. This account, a democratic professionalism in which citizens are engaged as co-owners of evaluation, emphasizes a professional ethos of evaluation that complements the focus of those working to advance the more technical aspects of professionalism. To introduce Schwandt’s essay, we review some of the recognized promises and challenges for professionalism in evaluation and highlight the promise of Schwandt’s approach for managing the tension in professions between serving professionals and serving society.
Predictors of outcome in a large retrospective cohort of patients with transverse myelitis
Authors: Gastaldi Matteo , Marchioni Enrico , Banfi Paola , Mariani Valeria , Di Lodovico Laura , Bergamaschi Roberto , Alfonsi Enrico , Borrelli Paola , Ferraro Ottavia Eleonora , Zardini Elisabetta , Pichiecchio Anna , Cortese Andrea , Waters Patrick , Woodhall Mark , Ceroni Mauro , Mauri Marco , Franciotta Diego
Published: October 2017

Background:

Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder that can be idiopathic or associated with central nervous system autoimmune/dysimmune inflammatory diseases, connective tissue autoimmune diseases, or post-infectious neurological syndromes. Prognosis of initial TM presentations is uncertain.

Objective:

To identify outcome predictors in TM.

Methods:

Retrospective study on isolated TM at onset. Scores ⩾3 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) marked high disability.

Results:

A total of 159 patients were identified. TM was classified as follows: idiopathic (I-TM, n = 53), post-infectious (PI-TM, n = 48), associated with multiple sclerosis (MS-TM, n = 51), or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders/connective tissue autoimmune diseases/neurosarcoidosis ( n = 7). At follow-up (median, 55 months; interquartile range, 32–80), 42 patients were severely disabled, and patients with I-TM or PI-TM showed the worst outcomes. Predictors of disability were infectious antecedents, sphincter and pyramidal symptoms, high mRS scores, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions on univariate analysis, and older age (odds ratio (OR), 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–1.1), overt/subclinical involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 2.2–41.0), complete TM (OR, 10.8; 95% CI, 3.4–34.5) on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

Our findings help define prognosis and therapies in TM at onset. Infectious antecedents and PNS involvement associate with severe prognosis. Nerve conduction studies and lumbar MRI could improve the prognostic assessment of this condition.
Early clinical experience using telemedicine for the management of patients with varicose vein disease
Authors: Kavousi Yasaman , Al-Adas Ziad , Crutchfield Janelle M , Karamanos Efstathios , Swanson Christine , Lin Judith C
Published: October 2017

Introduction

The use of telemedicine services may be effective in the perioperative management of patients with varicose veins.

Methods

Over a seven-month period, patients with varicose veins were evaluated in the virtual clinic via two-way secure videoconferencing or the traditional clinic by the same physician provider. Data sources included institutional Vascular Quality Initiative registry and patient satisfaction surveys.

Results

Among a total of 121 patients with varicose veins who underwent endovenous catheter ablation of the saphenous vein, 20 patients (16.5%) chose the telemedicine clinic (Group A) and 101 patients (83.5%) chose the traditional clinic (Group B) for their perioperative management. Comparing Group A and Group B, the mean age was 59.2 ± 12.1 versus 59.6 ± 13.0, respectively ( p = 0.944); women were 75% versus 73.3%, respectively ( p = 0.872); African Americans comprised 5% versus 22.8%, while Caucasians comprised 95% versus 63%, respectively ( p = 0.049). Half of the telemedicine patients had multiple virtual visits for a total of 31 virtual encounters. Among telemedicine patients using SurveyMonkey®, 29 telemedicine encounters (93.5%) reported that their virtual visit is “Yes, definitely” or “Yes, somewhat” more convenient over traditional methods. All patients answered that they were able to communicate clearly with the provider, able to have their questions answered, and able to clearly hear and see the provider via telemedicine methods.

Discussion

Telemedicine services enable another means to deliver high-quality care for patients with venous disease in a safe and coordinated manner. Patients with varicose veins are highly satisfied with the use of telehealth services over the traditional healthcare delivery model.
Where design competitions matter: Architectural artefacts and discursive events
Authors: Gottschling Paul
Published: October 2017

Recent ethnographies among professional architects have given us a novel version of the argument against architectural autonomy: architects work in a condition of entanglement not only with clients and markets, but also with the very objects through which architectural conception takes place. There is a tension between this view and one that surfaces within management scholarship on design competitions. In these studies, the design competition is a moment of architectural work in which architectural autonomy is uniquely pronounced, where the artistic statements of architects achieve a special efficacy. The author investigates the possibility that the design competition enacts a different sort of architectural entanglement than what we see in recent anthropologies. He considers two situations of architects working on design competitions, one in an architectural school in the UK and one at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture. He concludes that, in design competitions, discourse itself becomes subject to adjustment and iteration.
The trouble with culture: A speculative account of the role of gypsy/traveller cultures in ‘doorstep fraud’
Authors: Phillips Coretta
Published: October 2017

This article makes the case for the empirical study of the causative role of culture and ethnicity in offending and criminality. It advocates considering that racist subordination and structural exclusion may produce adaptive cultural practices which in turn contribute to negative outcomes such as crime. This article tentatively uses a case study of ‘doorstep fraud’, commonly associated with Gypsy/Traveller ‘rogue traders’ and ‘cowboy builders’ to engage with this idea. Drawing on conceptual and theoretical developments in anthropology, sociology and criminology, and using data from offender interviews with ‘doorstep fraudsters’, I examine the opportunities provided by nomadism and family self-employment for crime commission. The article speculates that Gypsy/Travellers’ cultures, structurally framed by economic insecurity, political marginalization and hostile social relations with sedentarist society are nonetheless dynamic rather than fixed, often sharing the aspirations and motivations of other ethno-cultural groups.
Improving health in at-risk youth through Photovoice
Authors: Bashore Lisa , Alexander Gina K , Jackson D Lynn , Mauch Paige
Published: October 2017

Photovoice is a practical method to allow at-risk youth to express the environmental influences in their lives at school, at home, and in their community. This project emerged from an interprofessional collaboration between social work and nursing that focused on school health. The purpose was to explore the factors influencing the mental and emotional health using photographs by students in a largely Hispanic middle school. Ten students were recruited and consented but only eight completed the project. The SHOWeD method was used to assist the students to formally reflect upon their photographs. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify themes presented the students’ reflections. The themes were staying healthy, stress dealing with anger/frustration, maintaining friendships and communication, recognizing bullying, and planning for the future. Reflections aided students to provide rich details about how the school environment influences their mental and emotional health. The use of Photovoice is a reasonable method for at-risk youth to explore and describe their environment. Nurses, social workers, parents, and school leaders can use the new knowledge about how the school environment influences the health of students to develop tools to support a healthy school and community environment.
Journalistic transgressions in the representation of Jeremy Corbyn: From watchdog to attackdog
Authors: Cammaerts Bart , DeCillia Brooks , Magalhães João Carlos
Published: October 2017

This research critically assesses the press coverage of Jeremy Corbyn during his leadership bid and subsequent first months as the leader of the United Kingdom’s Labour Party. A content analysis ( n = 812) found that the British press offered a distorted and overly antagonistic view of the long-serving MP. Corbyn is often denied a voice and news organisations tended to prize anti-Corbyn sources over favourable ones. Much of the coverage is decidedly scornful and ridicules the leader of the opposition. This analysis also tests a set of normative conceptions of the media in a democracy. In view of this, our research contends that the British press acted more as an attackdog than a watchdog when it comes to the reporting of Corbyn. We conclude that the transgression from traditional monitorial practices to snarling attacks is unhealthy for democracy, and it furthermore raises serious ethical questions for UK journalism and its role in society.
From troublesome materials to fluid technologies: making and playing with plastic-bag footballs
Authors: Klocker Natascha , Mbenna Paul , Gibson Chris
Published: October 2017

The material recalcitrance of plastic bags – evident in their refusal to decompose and their capacity to evade neat disposal – is a widespread source of environmental concern and frustration. Yet throughout the Majority (developing) World, the incessant materiality of plastic affords boys and young men an opportunity to make footballs (soccer balls) out of waste. Made in situ, plastic-bag footballs are uniquely suited to local contexts and landscapes – a resourceful technology assembled from otherwise troublesome materials. Plastic-bag footballs are also fluid: perpetually in-the-making and characterized by diverse states of working order. Insights garnered from discussions with young Tanzanian football-makers and players position plastic-bag footballs against neocolonial discourses of poverty and precarity. Meanwhile attentiveness to the socio-material relations of plastic-bag footballs makes plain that they are not inferior technologies. Plastic-bag footballs invite consideration of how humans live, materially, in the Anthropocene. Plastic bags typify the ecological crises of throwaway consumerism and malignant toxicity. Yet, we ask: could it be that plastic-bag footballs exemplify the material resourcefulness, skill, care for things – and even playfulness – needed to cope with these very crises?
Big data and the liberal conception of education
Authors: Clayton Matthew , Halliday Daniel
Published: October 2017

This article develops a perspective on big data in education, drawing on a broadly liberal conception of education’s primary purpose. We focus especially on the rise of so-called learning analytics and the associated rise of digitization, which we evaluate according to the liberal view that education should seek to cultivate individuality and proceed partly by way of experimentation and with an emphasis on civic education. Our argument is not that the use of big data is wholly out of place in education. Indeed, it might have significant value in pursuit of certain educational aims. Nevertheless, the liberal conception shows how education is distinct from other domains in which big data are being applied, in ways that suggest that considerable caution must be exercised when they are used in educational contexts.
A Multilevel Examination of Benevolent Leadership and Innovative Behavior in R&D Contexts: A Social Identity Approach
Authors: Gumusluoglu Lale , Karakitapoğlu-Aygün Zahide , Scandura Terri A.
Published: October 2017

Studies of innovation have emphasized the importance of leadership for individual or team innovative behaviors, but have largely ignored cross-team innovative behaviors. Enhancing innovative behaviors across teams is particularly vital for organizations relying on large-scale, complex, and multiteam projects to compete in a dynamic environment. We extend the innovation literature by introducing benevolent leadership as an antecedent to innovative behavior within and across teams. We examine identification to the team and department as mediators based on social identity theory in a sample of 397 R&D employees (consisting of 68 teams). First, individuals reported that benevolent R&D leaders facilitate innovative behavior within their teams when employees are highly identified with these teams. Second, on average, teams reported that benevolent R&D leaders enhance their teams’ innovative behavior across the boundaries when these teams are highly identified with the R&D department. Finally, in contrast to social identity theory’s expectations, individuals reported that benevolent R&D leaders facilitate their innovative behaviors with other teams when employees are highly identified with their teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings along with suggestions for future research are discussed.