bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Motivasyonları Üzerine Niteliksel Bir Araştırma
Authors: Demir Acar Mukaddes , Bulut Elif
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YYBÜ) görev yapan hemşirelerin motivasyonlarını belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma nitel yöntemle, Mayıs-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında 10 yenidoğan yoğun bakım hemşiresi ile yapıldı. Veriler birebir derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ile toplandı. Görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanıldı ve ses kaydı yapıldı. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler nitel içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerinin yaş ortalaması 26, YYBÜ’de çalışma yılı ortalaması 4.5 yıl ve tümü kadındır. YYBÜ hemşireleri ile derinlemesine yapılan görüşmelerin içerik analizi sonucu iki ana tema ortaya çıkarıldı. İlk temanın “Başarı” ve alt temaların bebek sevgisi, deneyim, toparlanma olduğu, ikinci temanın ise “Yönetim” ve alt temaların ise aile, ekip, iş yükü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin bebek sevgisinin ve bebeklerin iyileşme bulguları göstermesinin motivasyonlarını arttırdığı ancak ekip, iletişimden kaynaklı sorunlar ve iş yükünün getirdiği güçlüklerin motivasyonlarını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Çözümlenebilir nitelikte olan bu güçlüklerin ve sistem kaynaklı sorunların minimalize edilmesi için ekip çalışmasının benimsenmesi önerilmektedir.
Evidencia de actividad feromonal de contacto en Cerambyx welensii Küster y compuestos candidatos
Authors: López Manzano María del Rocío , Sánchez Osorio Israel , López Pantoja Gloria , Domínguez Nevado Luis , Rossell Gloria , Guerrero Ángel
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo analizó la existencia potencial de feromona sexual de contacto en Cerambyx welensii. Muestras de élitros y protórax (micro extracción en fase sólida) de ambos sexos se analizaron mediante CG-MS. Para confirmar la existencia de feromona de contacto en la cutícula de las hembras, se estudió la respuesta de machos de C. welensii frente a: hembras intactas, hembras muertas, hembras sometidas a extracción hexánica de lípidos cuticulares y hembras recubiertas de su propi extracto hexánico cuticular. Se encontraron 44 hidrocarburos cuticulares en élitros y 17 en protórax. Los mismos 6 compuestos comprendieron en conjunto, tanto en élitros como en protórax, entre el 68.1% (élitros de machos) y el 85.4% (protórax de hembras) del contenido lipídico total. Ninguno de los compuestos resultó específico de las hembras, pero se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en la presencia relativa para algunos compuestos. Los compuestos candidatos para actuar como feromona de contacto podrían localizarse tanto en élitros como en protórax, pudiendo actuar como componentes mayoritarios (abundancias relativas >17% en MEFS) el 11-Me-C29, C27, 2-Me-C26 y 11/13-Me-C27; como componentes minoritarios (abundancia relativa <2.5%) podrían ser candidatos el 11/12/13-Me-C26 y el C28. La mayoría de los machos (82%) mostró la secuencia de cópula característica en Cerambycidae: Contacto antenal – Giro - Lamido – Arqueo abdominal. La retirada de componentes cuticulares redujo fuertemente el interés de los machos (lamido y arqueo abdominal: <5%); la restitución de los extractos hexánicos devolvió la respuesta positiva en un 22% de los casos, indicando que la feromona de contacto se encontraba en el extracto cuticular.
Fabricación y caracterización de vigas dúo reforzadas de maderas de “Populus sp.” y “Pinus pinaster Ait.”
Authors: Balmori Roiz Jose Antonio
Published: July 2021

Esta tesis doctoral pretende desarrollar un producto industrializado de madera reforzada que permita emplear con usos estructurales maderas de rápido crecimiento y bajas prestaciones mecánicas, o de baja calidad, actualmente rechazadas. La actual exigencia social de realizar construcciones sostenibles y eficientes energéticamente, recogida en la directiva europea 2018/844/EU, posiciona a la madera como uno de los materiales de construcción con mayor proyección de crecimiento en el futuro cercano. Sin embargo, las especies gestionadas con fines de uso estructural son limitadas y sus masas forestales, pese a someterse a una gestión ordenada y planificada, son finitas en extensión y su explotación se ve condicionada por los tiempos de crecimiento propios de cada especie. Por ello, para dar respuesta a la creciente demanda de madera de un modo sostenible en el tiempo, es preciso introducir en la industria maderera nuevas especies de rápido crecimiento y, además, optimizar los recursos de las especies tradicionales. Las bajas prestaciones mecánicas de las maderas de rápido crecimiento, y la influencia negativa de las singularidades propias de la madera en aquellas de calidad rechazo, limitan actualmente su aplicación intensiva en usos estructurales. La fabricación de productos de madera industrializada reforzada con materiales polímeros reforzados con fibras (FRP) introducidos en su línea de encolado permite aumentar las prestaciones mecánicas de estas maderas, aumentando la rigidez, para posibilitar su aplicación en la construcción y rehabilitación de estructuras de edificación.

En esta investigación se han utilizado dos especies de madera: chopo (Populus x euroamericana I-214) y pino pinaster (Pinus pinaster Ait.), presentes de forma extensa en toda Castilla y León y gestionadas artificialmente por el hombre en plantaciones intensivas en zonas de ribera (chopo) o en reforestaciones de terrenos áridos (pino pinaster). El cambio de uso de estas especies y la fabricación en industrias locales de un producto de segunda transformación puede generar unos nuevos recursos económicos, facilitando la creación de empleo “verde” y la fijación de población en zonas rurales.
Jurnal Analisis Profitabilitas PT. BUDI STARCH & SWEETENER (Persero) Tbk Tahun 2016-2018
Authors: Anggrani Erfi
Published: July 2021

Penilaian kinerja keuangan dapat dilakukan oleh manajemen dengan menganalisis laporan keuangan. Laporan keuangan yang digunakan adalah laporan neraca dan laporan laba rugi pada tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Salah satu analisis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan keuangan perusahaan adalah analisis rasio keuangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan PT.Budi Starch & Sweetener Tbk, ditinjau dari profitabilitas dan likuiditas berdasarkan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif menggunakan pengukuran rasio profitabilitas dan likuiditas. Dari hasil perhitungan rasio profitabilitas rata-rata pada net profit margin, return on asset, gross profit margin menunjukkan bahwa kondisi perusahaandalam keadaan baik dan return on equity sebesar menunjukkan bahwa kondisi perusahaan dalam keadaan kurang baik. Sedangkan perhitungan rasio likuiditas pada quick ratio, cash ratio menunjukkan bahwa kondisi perusahaan dalam keadaan baik dan current ratio menunjukkan bahwa kondisi perusahaan dalam keadaan kurang baik.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Telekomunikasi Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2015 - 2019
Authors: risnanasir
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan telekomunikasi yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2019, dengan melihat laporan keuangan menggunakan alat analisis yaitu rasio liquiditas, rasio solvabilitas, rasio aktivitas, dan rasio profitabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif, dengan memfokuskan pada kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan neraca, laporan laba rugi dan data-data yang diperlukan dari tahun 2015-2019, data tersebut diambil dari laporan keuangan perusahaan telekomunikasi yang dipublikasikan di Bursa Efek Indonesia.Teknik pengambilan sampel perusahaan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling . Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif yang terdiri dari rasio liquiditas (current ratio) , rasio solvabilitas (total debt to asset ratio), rasio aktivitas (total asset turn over ratio), rasio profitabilitas (profit margin). Berdasarkan penelitian maka hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah PT XL Axiata memiliki kinerja yang baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan cukup baiknya rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas, rasio aktivitas, dan rasio profitabilitas meski berfluktuasi turun naik setiap tahunnya. PT Smartfren memiliki kinerja yang cukup baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan rasio solvabilitas, rasio aktivitas, dan rasio profitabilitas perusahaan yang baik setiap tahunnya. PT Indosat memiliki kinerja yang sangat baik.
PERSEROAN TERBATAS SYARIAH; Konsep Dan Legalitasnya Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Yulanda Andi Resvina
Published: July 2021

Salah satu bentuk instrumen ekonomi yang berkembang pesat saat ini adalah perusahaan berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas (selanjutnya disebut PT).
ANALISIS PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA KC MAKASSAR PETTARANI
Authors: hikmah
Published: July 2021

Judul penelitian ini adalah “Analisis Pembiayaan Mudharabah Pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Kc Makassar Pettarani” penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pembiayaan mudharabah yang terjadi pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Kc Makassar Pettarani. Metode analisiis yang digunakan dari penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu seberapa besar tingkat pembiayaan mudharabah di Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Makassar Pettarani. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dan penelitian pustaka. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif.
PENGARUH PROSES REKRUTMEN SELEKSI TEHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. ANGKASA PURA I (PERSERO) BANDARA INTERNASIONAL SULTAN HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR
Authors: Haerunnisa
Published: July 2021

Masalah pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah proses rekrutmen dan seleksi berpengaruh pada kinerja karyawan pada PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Bandara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar, diantara proses rekrutmen dan seleksi yang mankah yang paling berpengaru dominan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Bandara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses rekrutmen dan seleksi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Bandara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar
Chip-scale Classical and Quantum Nonlinear Photonic Mixers (Project Report 1201308-Y1)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

The goal of this NSF-funded project [1201308 - Year 1] is to develop an integrated photonics device technology for compact and efficient nonlinear classical and quantum photonic mixers. The principal focus of research during the first year was on designing devices using a foundry-fabrication silicon photonics platform.
Pengaruh inflasi, kurs, dan harga minyak dunia terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan di bursa efek indonesia
Authors: S Muh Ridwan
Published: July 2021

Catatan terkait dengan pengaruh inflasi, kurs, dan harga minyak dunia.
PENGARUH CITRA PERBANKAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MENGAMBIL KREDIT DENGAN PELAYAN DAN PROSEDUR KREDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING PADA PD BPR BANK MAKASSAR
Authors: orinda Widya
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh Citra Perbankan terhadap Keputusan Nasabah dalam Mengambil Kredit pada PD BPR Makassar; (2) Pengaruh Citra Perbankan terhadap Keputusan Nasabah dalam Mengambil Kredit dengan Pelayanan sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada PD BPR Bank Makassar; (3) Pengaruh Citra Perbankan terhadap Kredit Keputusan Nasabah dalam Mengambil Kredit dengan Prosedur Kredit sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada PD BPR Bank Makassar.Menurut Munandar (2015) (Kutipan dalam Daga,2021) Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) merupakan rencana keuangan tahunan pemerintahan negara Indonesia yang disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR).
Created by the Monte Peron rock avalanche: Lago di Vedana (Dolomites, Italy) and its sediment record of landscape evolution after a mass wasting event
Authors: Zolitschka Bernd , Polgar Irene , Behling Hermann
Published: July 2021

The timing of the Monte Peron Landslide is revised to 2890 cal. BP based on a radiocarbon-dated sediment stratigraphy of Lago di Vedana. This age fosters the importance of hydroclimatic triggers in the light of accelerating global warming with a predicted increase of precipitation enhancing the regional predisposition to large landslides. Moreover, a layer enriched in allochthonous organic and minerogenic detritus dating to the same wet period is interpreted as response to a younger and yet unidentified mass wasting event in the catchment of Lago di Vedana. Rock debris of the Monte Peron Landslide impounded the Cordevole River valley and created a landslide-dammed lake. Around AD 1150, eutrophication of this lacustrine ecosystem started with intensified human occupation – a process that ended 150 years later, when the river was diverted back into its original bed. Most likely, this occurred due to artificial opening of the river dam. In consequence, Lago di Vedana was isolated from an open and minerogenic to an endorheic and carbonaceous lacustrine system. After a monastery was established nearby in AD 1457, a second eutrophication process was initiated due to intensified land use linked with deforestation. Only in the 18th and 19th century, deposition of organic matter decreased coinciding with climatic (Little Ice Age) and cultural changes. Conversational measures are the likely reasons for a trend towards less eutrophic conditions since AD 1950.
A pluralistic framework for the psychology of norms
Authors: Westra Evan , Andrews Kristin
Published: July 2021

Social norms are commonly understood as rules that dictate which behaviors are appropriate, permissible, or obligatory in different situations for members of a given community. Many researchers have sought to explain the ubiquity of social norms in human life in terms of the psychological mechanisms underlying their acquisition, conformity, and enforcement. Existing theories of the psychology of social norms appeal to a variety of constructs, from prediction-error minimization, to reinforcement learning, to shared intentionality, to domain-specific adaptations for norm acquisition. In this paper, we propose a novel methodological and conceptual framework for the cognitive science of social norms that we call normative pluralism. We begin with an analysis of the (sometimes mixed) explanatory aims of the cognitive science of social norms. From this analysis, we derive a recommendation for a reformed conception of its explanandum: a minimally psychological construct that we call normative regularities. Our central empirical proposal is that the psychological underpinnings of social norms are most likely realized by a heterogeneous set of cognitive, motivational, and ecological mechanisms that vary between norms and between individuals, rather than by a single type of process or distinctive norm system. This pluralistic approach, we suggest, offers a methodologically sound point of departure for a fruitful and rigorous science of social norms.
Infant sensorimotor synchronisation to speech and non-speech rhythms: A longitudinal study
Authors: Rocha Sinead , Attaheri Adam , Ní Choisdealbha Áine , Brusini Perrine , Flanagan Sheila A. , Mead Natasha , Boutris Panagiotis , Gibbon Samuel , Olawole-Scott Helen , Grey Christina , Williams Isabel , Ahmed Henna , Macrae Emma , Goswami Usha
Published: July 2021

Impaired sensorimotor synchronisation (SMS) to acoustic rhythm may be a marker of atypical language development. Here, Motion Capture was used to assess gross motor rhythmic movement at six timepoints between five- and 11-months-of-age. Infants were recorded drumming to acoustic stimuli of varying linguistic and temporal complexity: drumbeats, repeated syllables and nursery rhymes. Longitudinal analyses revealed that whilst infants could not yet reliably synchronise their movement to auditory rhythms, infant spontaneous motor tempo became faster with age, and by 11-months, a subset of infants were able to decelerate from their spontaneous motor tempo, to better accord with the incoming tempo. Further, infants became more regular drummers with age, with marked decreases in the variability of spontaneous motor tempo and variability in response to drumbeats. This latter effect was subdued in response to linguistic stimuli. The current work lays the foundation for using individual differences in SMS in infancy to predict later language outcomes.
When Law-and-Order Politics Fail: Media Fragmentation and Protective Factors that Limit the Politics of Fear
Authors: Lee Murray , Ellis Justin R , Keel Chloe , Wickes Rebecca , Jackson Jonathan
Published: July 2021

Law-and-order politics has long been a topic of scholarly work. The leveraging of fear of crime for political capital has been of particular concern. In the 2018 election in the Australian state of Victoria, crime and law-and-order became prominent political issues, particularly through racialized discourse about ‘African gangs'. That election provides a case study here. This article turns the traditional analysis of the politics of fear of crime around and considers some of the key reasons why law-and-order politics failed to gain decisive political traction in this instance. Media fragmentation and diversification continues to challenge the primacy of political primary definers in unpredictable ways. As such, electoral strategies that seek to leverage fear of crime and community insecurity need to be understood in the context of broader individual, community, and social protective factors that might mitigate fear of crime.
Market Structure of Urban Waste Treatment and Disposal: Empirical Evidence from the Italian Industry
Authors: Di Foggia Giacomo , Beccarello Massimo
Published: July 2021

In light of the organizational dynamics of services of economic interest, the regulation of municipal solid waste management is a critical issue to deal with so as to achieve sustainability goals in the coming decades. The European circular economy targets limit the share of municipal waste in landfills to a maximum of 10% by 2035. Consequently, waste-to-energy plants may temporarily become the primary option for residual unsorted waste. The municipal waste management chain comprises two consequential stages: collection and transport, and the treatment and disposal stage, which characterizes as an oligopolistic market structure. After defining the relevant market and calculating market concentration measures, we analyze market power in the treatment and disposal of non-recyclable mixed waste, also known as residual waste. Our analyses are based on empirical data using well-known market concentration indices such as the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and concentration ratios. We report the results of three different market concentration scenarios based on alternative geographic and product market definitions. Considering only waste-to-energy as a product market, we present a situation of moderate concentration, typically involving the attention of competition authorities. On the contrary, considering both options as a single product market, no relevant evidence emerges due to the significant share of waste sent to landfills in 2019, i.e., 20.1% of the total municipal solid waste generated in Italy. Implications for future studies consist of new detailed information on the municipal waste treatment market structure in one of the leading European countries that may prompt comparative studies. Policy implications are derived from the possibility of taking cues from this paper to envisage appropriate regulatory models for an evolving sector in which market spaces are increasing.
A Place-Based Analysis of Tornado Activity and Casualties in Shreveport, Louisiana
Authors: Fricker Tyler , Allen Douglas L.
Published: July 2021

Tornadoes are among the most violent hazards in the world capable of producing mass casualties. Much of what is known about the relationship between tornadoes and casualties—injuries and fatalities—is driven by quantitative methods that often omit individual community factors. In response, here we present a place-based analysis of tornado activity and casualties in Shreveport, Louisiana. Results show that tornado casualties are more likely in smooth and lower topography and in formally redlined neighborhoods. Results also indicate that areas around the local Barksdale Air Force Base have experienced fewer casualties than other parts of the city since the installation of a Doppler Radar in 1995 and that Shreveport has a greatly reduced casualty rate since the Super Outbreak of 2011. We argue that continued place-based approaches are necessary for an understanding of the multi-dimensional, structural, and historical legacies that produce disproportionate impacts to environmental hazards and that when combined with quantitative methods, place-based approaches have the potential to create regional or local intervention strategies that can reduce the loss of life.
THE EFFECT OF HEIGHT OF TAPPING COVER AND SEED DRYING THICKNESS ON SIPERKASA FLOOR INNOVATION ON SEED QUALITY AND GROWTH OF RICE SEEDS (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Atmaja Bagas Danurwenda , Sutoto Supono Budi , Haryanto Darban
Published: July 2021

Drying rice grain is one of the problems faced during the rainy season. This study aims to obtain information about the height of the tent, the thickness of the appropriate seed layer, and the interaction between the height of the tent and the thickness of the seed layer on the quality of rice seeds. The research method used is a field experiment prepared with a completely randomized block design using a split-plot design. As the main plot is the treatment of the height of the tarpaulin cover are 50, 80, and 110 cm. As a subplot is a thick layer treatment is 5, 7, 9, and 11 cm. Each treatment combination was repeated three times. The results showed that tarpaulin height has a significant effect on the parameters of the maximum growth potency and plant height at week 4. A tent height of 50 cm had the highest maximum growth potential. Layer thickness gave a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers at week 4 and plant height at week 4. The number of tillers in the fourth week of treatment with a layer thickness of 7, 9, and 11 cm was not significantly different but was significantly better than the layer thickness of 5 cm. The highest parameter of plant height at week 4 was 7 cm thick. There was an interaction between tarpaulin height and layer thickness on the parameters of the number of tillers at week 6, plant height at week 2 and 6.
Expressive and Pictorial Language and the National Orientation of Creative Experiements of the Lviv Artists in the 1980s: L. Medvid, M. Yagoda, M. Bezpalkiv
Authors: Bratiuk Nadiia
Published: July 2021

The article addresses expressive and pictorial means in the works of Lviv artists of the 1980s L. Medvid, M. Yagoda, M. Bezpalkiv, who were iconic and famous figures of the second half of the twentieth century in the artistic life of Lviv, Ukraine, and abroad. Their works differ significantly against the background of the artistic context, the paintings operate deep spiritual and moral and aesthetic values, images from Ukrainian mythology, and are marked by professionalism and unique style. The aim of the research isto view the 1980s paintings by L. Medvid, M. Yagoda, M. Bezpalkiv in the context of the expressionist vector of development. Research methodology includes art analysis, comparative method, method of analysis and synthesis, formal analysis ofstylistic features of the authors’ styles. In the process of complex research, the socio-cultural, artistic and political preconditions that led to the emergence and formation of expressive features in the works of L. Medvid, M. Yagoda, M. Bezpalkiv were clarified. It was discovered that the painting of Lviv-based artists in the 1980s significantly influenced the present-day art of Lviv
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA EM CIÊNCIAS: CONDIÇÕES DE OCORRÊNCIA VÃO MUITO ALÉM DE PRÉ-REQUISITOS E MOTIVAÇÃO
Authors: Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: July 2021

As clássicas condições de ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa de novos conhecimentos são conhecimentos prévios e predisposição para aprender. No entanto, tais condições são comumente interpretadas como pré-requisitos e motivação. Mas não é assim, essas condições vão muito além dessas interpretações simplistas. Nesta apresentação, significados de conhecimento prévio e predisposição para aprender serão abordados desde várias perspectivas.
ANÁLISE PRAXEOLÓGICA DO MÉTODO PEER INSTRUCTION: CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM PONTO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA O ESTUDO DE SUAS MODIFICAÇÕES E ADAPTAÇÕES PARA DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS DE ENSINO
Authors: Percheron Felippe , Petter Ana Amélia , Espinosa Tobias , Araujo Ives Solano
Published: July 2021

Pesquisas na área de ensino têm apontando o Peer Instruction (PI) como o método ativo de ensino mais utilizado, aplicado em diferentes contextos educacionais e, consequentemente, sujeito a diversas modificações no seu processo de implementação. Tais modificações podem se fazer necessárias para viabilizar sua aplicação em contextos diferentes para os quais foi pensado, assim como podem descaracterizá-lo, impossibilitando que sejam alcançados os resultados de aprendizagem pretendidos. No presente artigo nos propomos a realizar um mapeamento das características práticas e teóricas do PI, buscando apresentar suas atividades e princípios de forma organizada e logicamente estruturada. Para tanto, partimos da perspectiva das Organizações Praxeológicas da Teoria Antropológica do Didático, utilizando a ferramenta analítica Organização do Método de Ensino, subdividindo a estrutura do PI em tipos de tarefa, técnicas e discursos tecnológicos. Tal análise pode contribuir com trabalhos de pesquisa e atividades de ensino que abordem o método, pois torna explícito seus componentes e aquilo que os sustenta, permitindo o estabelecimento de uma referência para avaliar modificações e adaptações no PI.
A TEORIA DA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA NAS PESQUISAS SOBRE FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Dos Santos Lemos Evelyse , Lougon Luciana
Published: July 2021

Partindo do pressuposto de que o significado de aprendizagem significativa é central na formação do profissional do ensino e que a Teoria é um referencial com grande potencial para subsidiar o ensino e a pesquisa sobre o ensino, nos questionamos sobre como a TAS vem sendo contemplada nos contextos educativos e no da sua investigação. Para tanto, optamos por analisar artigos científicos sobre formação de professores, inicial e continuada, apoiados na Teoria. Utilizamos a plataforma SciELO como base de dados para a nossa revisão bibliográfica. Nela buscamos artigos que continham os termos “aprendizagem significativa” e “formação de professores” em seus títulos, resumos e ou palavras-chaves. Para análise e discussão dos dados utilizamos a ferramenta heurística Vê de Gowin, que nos propiciou compreensão sobre o processo de produção do conhecimento de cada artigo e como os autores articulam suas pesquisas com a TAS. Encontramos uma baixa frequência de artigos que discutem a formação de professores à luz da TAS e, mesmo nesses artigos, a apropriação da teoria merece maior aprofundamento.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA MEDIAÇÃO, POR MEIO DO MOVIMENTO BYOD, PARA UMA MAIOR MOTIVAÇÃO NA APRENDIZAGEM DE QUÍMICA COM USO DAS TIC
Authors: Kuchla Micheli , De Carvalho Rutz da Silva Sani , Feisser Miquelin Awdry
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as contribuições da mediação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), através do movimento BYOD - Bring Your Own Device, para uma maior motivação e aprendizagem no ensino de Química. O movimento BYOD é uma prática em que as pessoas trazem os seus próprios dispositivos tecnológicos para o ambiente de aprendizagem, proporcionando a utilização de uma nova prática pedagógica que visa a interatividade, o desenvolvimento da autonomia, o trabalho colaborativo e cooperativo, favorecendo a participação ativa dos estudantes. O estudo foi realizado com estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, por meio da elaboração de materiais audiovisuais sobre a chuva ácida. A atividade proporcionou maior envolvimento e participação dos estudantes durante as aulas, tornando-os sujeitos ativos na construção dos seus próprios conhecimentos, além de favorecer a interação entre o estudante e os dispositivos tecnológicos e, principalmente, o uso consciente das TIC para o estudo.
O PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA DE CONCEITOS EM AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Martins de Miranda Cristiano José , Belmont Rachel , Dos Santos Lemos Evelyse
Published: July 2021

Considerando que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na Educação Física escolar deve integrar pensamentos, sentimentos e ações para favorecer a aprendizagem com significado, o objetivo desse estudo foi compreender o processo de aprendizagem significativa de conceitos em aulas de Educação Física do ensino médio. A pesquisa, do tipo intervenção pedagógica, assumiu como principal referencial teórico a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Um plano de ensino cujo tema eram as respostas do sistema cardiovascular ao exercício físico, considerando sua relação com a Saúde e com a Aptidão Física, foi desenvolvido. Registros foram obtidos por meio da gravação das aulas, anotações em diário de campo e atividades escritas. Os dados foram analisados e discutidos considerando o aluno, o conteúdo, o professor, o contexto e a avaliação. Foi possível identificar evolução no conhecimento dos alunos, embora, para níveis abaixo do desejado. Acreditamos que a aprendizagem dos alunos tenha sido negativamente influenciada pelo contexto. Por outro lado, o professor parece ter interferido positivamente no processo. Os alunos demonstraram motivação para aprender, mas valorizavam muito o conteúdo prático. Parte deles apresentou resistência às tarefas teóricas e à avaliação escrita.
Histopathologic Characteristics of Invasive and Non-invasive Ductal Tumors have Relationship with Different Phenotypes of ER / PR Receptors in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Golmohammadi Rahim , Mohajeri Mohammad Reza , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Moslem Ali Reza , Pejhan Akbar , Gohari Ali
Published: July 2021

Objective: Contradictory reports have been published regarding the expression levels of the hormone receptors of estrogen and progesterone (ER / PR) and theirclinical importance in diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pathological features of invasive and non-invasive ductal tumors by different ER / PR phenotypes. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 74 specimens of breast cancer referred to Isfahan Hospitals for diagnosis between 2015 - 2018. After fixation of the specimens in formalin, tissue passage, cross section and H / E staining, the specimens were divided into two groups: non- invasive and Invasive ductal Carcinoma. After removing of mask, expression of different ER / PR phenotypes was performed using primary monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemically methods. Results: From 74 malignant specimens, 61 (82.4%) were in the category of invasive ductal tumors and 13 cases (17.6%) were in the category of non-invasive ductal tumors. Out of 73 patients with positive ER or PR phenotype 47 samples (63.5%) had ER + / PR +phenotypes, 6 samples had (8.1%) ER+ / PR –phenotype, 20 samples (27%) had ER- / PR + phenotype and only one sample (1.4%) had the ER- / PR- phenotype and was in the category of invasive ductal tumors. There was not detected ER- / PR- phenotype expression in non-invasive ductal tumor. Further analysis showed that there were not significant difference between ER / PR phenotype and tumor stage (p =0.36) or with tumor Grade (P=0.38), high age of menopause or post menopause (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our data shows that expression of ER- / PR- phenotype only was detected in invasive ductal tumor. It is thought that the tumor type maybe affects the expression of different types of ER / PR hormone receptor phenotypes in breast cancer patients.
Peer Instruction in a Flipped Learning Environment: Investigating ESL Students’ Critical Thinking Performance in Argumentative Essay Writing
Authors: Jageer Singh Amreet Kaur , Raja Harun Raja Nor Safinas
Published: July 2021

Research shows that peer instruction and flipped learning help ESL/EFL students compensate for their shortcomings in their language, support the language learning process, and facilitate social interactions and collaboration between teachers and students in the class. Despite this, there has been little research into whether upper-intermediate ESL students can benefit from the use of peer instruction in a flipped learning environment in enhancing critical thinking performance in argumentative essay writing. This current study tests this hypothesis. A total of 120 English Proficiency 4 (EP4) students from a teacher education university in Malaysia were equally divided into two experimental groups (pair work and group work) and a control group (conventional teaching method). The experimental groups’ activities included a focus on different modes of peer instruction (pair work/group work) and flipped learning, while the control group’s did not. Two research instruments were employed in this study: pre- and post-tests and a holistic scoring rubric. The critical thinking aspect was adapted from Stapleton and Wu (2015) and Toulmin’s model of argumentation (2003). Descriptive and inferential statistics, namely, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Overall, compared to the control group, both experimental groups (pair work and group work) performed better in mean scores for critical thinking in the posttest. The result of the study suggests that the use of peer instruction in a flipped learning environment can be an alternative teaching method to enhance the students’ critical thinking in argumentative essay writing and offer implications for ESL students, language instructors, and researchers.
The Rise of Jihad in the Pakhtun Region: The Role of Culture
Authors: Shakoor Abdul
Published: July 2021

Using secondary data, the study is an attempt to analyze the rise of jihad in the Pakhtun region. The objective is to investigate the transformation of jihad and the role of Pakhtun culture in the process. The study provides a thorough analysis of the historical background of Jihadi activities in the region, the role of religious figures, the establishment and role of the Darul Uloom Deoband before the creation of Pakistan, and the Afghan jihad and its aftermath after the creation of Pakistan. The study concludes that the concept of jihad has been manipulated historically by non-state actors to gain political authority and lately by the state actors themselves for the achievement of certain foreign policy goals. The study further concludes that although much of this process of jihad has historically been pronounced on the Pakhtun land, however, it is important to note that it is not culturally driven.
Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Ali Muhammad , Khoso Pasand Ali
Published: July 2021

Indus Valley Civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world dating back to 7000BCE. The explored sites of the civilization span present day Pakistan and India. The following paper explore the Indus Valley Civilization through the sites in Pakistan. The paper highlights feature of various stages of the Indus Valley, for example, Early Food Producing Era (7000-4000 BCE), Regionalization Era – Early Harappan Era (4000-2600 BCE), Integration Era (Early Harappan Phase) (2600 – 1900), Localization Era (Late Harappan Phase) (1900 – 1300), and Indus Valley from 1300 BCE to Present. In doing so, the paper discusses the geography, environment, material culture, subsistence patterns, political and social organization of each era. Finally, it explores the various theories of decline of Indus Valley Civilization, drawing on various sources. In the conclusion, the paper provides recommendations for future focus on the archaeological sites in Pakistan enhance our understanding of the civilizations.
China-India Relations under Modi Regime and Pakistan's Concerns
Authors: Jaleel Sabahat , Gul Shabnam , Akbar Zahid
Published: July 2021

China and India are rising powers of Asia. Both Asian giants have to adopt the policy of interdependence by growing economic ties; on the other side, they have a strict stance on border disputes. This article describes in detail the bilateral relationship between China-India, especially under the Modi doctrine, during his first term. Secondly, it also discusses the limitation of these growing ties and growing concerns for Pakistan. The basic argument of this article is that the growing economic interdependence will affect Pakistan, especially if this interdependence transfer from the economic to military dimension. The whole data is based on exploratory in nature. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. Tools used for data collection include oral interviews and content analysis of the existing literature on the subject in the form of books, official reports and research articles. The relevant literature has been objectively analyzed to reach a meaningful conclusion.
On the cutting edge of glioblastoma surgery: where neurosurgeons agree and disagree on surgical decisions
Authors: Müller Domenique M. J. , Robe Pierre A. , Ardon Hilko , Barkhof Frederik , Bello Lorenzo , Berger Mitchel S. , Bouwknegt Wim , Van den Brink Wimar A. , Conti Nibali Marco , Eijgelaar Roelant S. , Furtner Julia , Han Seunggu J. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Idema Albert J. S. , Kiesel Barbara , Kloet Alfred , Mandonnet Emmanuel , De Munck Jan C. , Rossi Marco , Sciortino Tommaso , Vandertop W. Peter , Visser Martin , Wagemakers Michiel , Widhalm Georg , Witte Marnix G. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , De Witt Hamer Philip C.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

The aim of glioblastoma surgery is to maximize the extent of resection while preserving functional integrity. Standards are lacking for surgical decision-making, and previous studies indicate treatment variations. These shortcomings reflect the need to evaluate larger populations from different care teams. In this study, the authors used probability maps to quantify and compare surgical decision-making throughout the brain by 12 neurosurgical teams for patients with glioblastoma.

METHODS

The study included all adult patients who underwent first-time glioblastoma surgery in 2012–2013 and were treated by 1 of the 12 participating neurosurgical teams. Voxel-wise probability maps of tumor location, biopsy, and resection were constructed for each team to identify and compare patient treatment variations. Brain regions with different biopsy and resection results between teams were identified and analyzed for patient functional outcome and survival.

RESULTS

The study cohort consisted of 1087 patients, of whom 363 underwent a biopsy and 724 a resection. Biopsy and resection decisions were generally comparable between teams, providing benchmarks for probability maps of resections and biopsies for glioblastoma. Differences in biopsy rates were identified for the right superior frontal gyrus and indicated variation in biopsy decisions. Differences in resection rates were identified for the left superior parietal lobule, indicating variations in resection decisions.

CONCLUSIONS

Probability maps of glioblastoma surgery enabled capture of clinical practice decisions and indicated that teams generally agreed on which region to biopsy or to resect. However, treatment variations reflecting clinical dilemmas were observed and pinpointed by using the probability maps, which could therefore be useful for quality-of-care discussions between surgical teams for patients with glioblastoma.
Intermediate-grade brain arteriovenous malformations and the boundary of operability using the supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading system
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Frisoli Fabio A. , Nguyen Candice L. , Labib Mohamed A. , Cole Tyler S. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Kim Helen , Spetzler Robert F. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading (Supp-SM), which is the combination of Spetzler-Martin and Lawton-Young grades, was validated as being more accurate than stand-alone Spetzler-Martin grading, but an operability cutoff was not established. In this study, the authors surgically treated intermediate-grade AVMs to provide prognostic factors for neurological outcomes and to define AVMs at the boundary of operability.

METHODS

Surgically treated Supp-SM intermediate-grade (5, 6, and 7) AVMs were analyzed from 2011 to 2018 at two medical centers. Worsened neurological outcomes were defined as increased modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores on postoperative examinations. A second analysis of 2000–2011 data for Supp-SM grade 6 and 7 AVMs was performed to determine the subtypes with improved or unchanged outcomes. Patients were separated into three groups based on nidus size (S1: < 3 cm, S2: 3–6 cm, S3: > 6 cm) and age (A1: < 20 years, A2: 20–40 years, A3: > 40 years), followed by any combination of the combined supplemented grade: low risk (S1A1, S1A2, S2A1), intermediate risk (S2A2, S1A3, S3A1, or high risk (S3A3, S3A2, S2A3).

RESULTS

Two hundred forty-six patients had intermediate Supp-SM grade AVMs. Of these patients, 102 had Supp-SM grade 5 (41.5%), 99 had Supp-SM grade 6 (40.2%), and 45 had Supp-SM grade 7 (18.3%). Significant differences in the proportions of patients with worse mRS scores at follow-up were found between the groups, with 24.5% (25/102) of patients in Supp-SM grade 5, 29.3% (29/99) in Supp-SM grade 6, and 57.8% (26/45) in Supp-SM grade 7 (p < 0.001). Patients with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs had significantly increased odds of worse postoperative mRS scores (p < 0.001; OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9–7.3). In the expanded cohort of 349 Supp-SM grade 6 AVM patients, a significantly higher proportion of older patients with larger Supp-SM grade 6 AVMs (grade 6+, 38.6%) had neurological deterioration than the others with Supp-SM grade 6 AVMs (22.9%, p = 0.02). Conversely, in an expanded cohort of 197 Supp-SM grade 7 AVM patients, a significantly lower proportion of younger patients with smaller Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs (grade 7–, 19%) had neurological deterioration than the others with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs (44.9%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs are at increased risk of worse postoperative neurological outcomes, making Supp-SM grade 6 an appropriate operability cutoff. However, young patients with small niduses in the low-risk Supp-SM grade 7 group (grade 7−) have favorable postoperative outcomes. Outcomes in Supp-SM grade 7 patients did not improve with surgeon experience, indicating that the operability boundary is a hard limit reflecting the complexity of high-grade AVMs.
The associations between radiological and neurological findings of degenerative cervical myelopathy: radiological analysis based on kinematic CT myelography and evoked potentials of the spinal cord
Authors: Funaba Masahiro , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Nishida Norihiro , Nagao Yuji , Sakamoto Takuya , Fujimoto Kazuhiro , Sakai Takashi
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Neurological and imaging findings play significant roles in the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Consistency between neurological and imaging findings is important for diagnosing DCM. The reasons why neurological findings exhibit varying sensitivity for DCM and their associations with radiological findings are unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between radiological parameters and neurological findings in DCM and elucidate the utility of concordance between imaging and neurological findings for diagnosing DCM.

METHODS

One hundred twenty-one patients with DCM were enrolled. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, radiological parameters, MRI and kinematic CT myelography (CTM) parameters, and the affected spinal level (according to multimodal spinal cord evoked potential examinations) were assessed. Kinematic CTM was conducted with neutral positioning or at maximal extension or flexion of the cervical spine. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal cord, dynamic change in the CSA, C2–7 range of motion, and C2–7 angle were measured. The associations between radiological parameters and hyperreflexia, the Hoffmann reflex, the Babinski sign, and positional sense were analyzed via multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

In univariate analyses, the upper- and lower-limb JOA scores were found to be significantly associated with a positive Hoffmann reflex and a positive Babinski sign, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a positive Hoffmann reflex was associated with a higher MRI grade (p = 0.026, OR 2.23) and a responsible level other than C6–7 (p = 0.0017, OR 0.061). A small CSA during flexion was found to be significantly associated with a positive Babinski sign (p = 0.021, OR 0.90). The presence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (p = 0.0045, OR 0.31) and a larger C2–7 angle during flexion (p = 0.01, OR 0.89) were significantly associated with abnormal great toe proprioception (GTP).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that the Hoffmann reflex is associated with chronic and severe spinal cord compression but not the dynamic factors. The Babinski sign is associated with severe spinal cord compression during neck flexion. The GTP is associated with large cervical lordosis. These imaging features can help us understand the characteristics of the neurological findings.
Safety of direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the spinal cord of uninjured Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Fessler Richard G. , Liu Charles Y. , McKenna Stephen , Fessler R. David , Lebkowski Jane S. , Priest Catherine A. , Wirth Edward D.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted as a final proof-of-safety direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the uninjured spinal cord prior to translation to the human clinical trials.

METHODS

In this study, 107 oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (LCTOPC1, also known as AST-OPC1 and GRNOPC1) in 50-μL suspension were injected directly into the uninjured spinal cords of 8 immunosuppressed Göttingen minipigs using a specially designed stereotactic delivery device. Four additional Göttingen minipigs were given Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution and acted as the control group.

RESULTS

Cell survival and no evidence of histological damage, abnormal inflammation, microbiological or immunological abnormalities, tumor formation, or unexpected morbidity or mortality were demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS

These data strongly support the safety of intraparenchymal injection of LCTOPC1 into the spinal cord using a model anatomically similar to that of the human spinal cord. Furthermore, this research provides guidance for future clinical interventions, including mechanisms for precise positioning and anticipated volumes of biological payloads that can be safely delivered directly into uninjured portions of the spinal cord.