bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komponen Serat Sabut Kelapa yang Difermentasi Menggunakan Mikroba Pencerna Serat dari Rumen Kerbau
Authors: Nuswantara Limbang Kustiawan , Sunarso Sunarso , Arifin Mukh , Setiadi Agus
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan lama pemeraman dan aras starter mikroba pencerna serat dari rumen kerbau terhadap komponen serat dan perubahan struktur jaringan sabut kelapa fermentasi. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3x3 dan 4 ulangan. Fermentasi sabut kelapa menggunakan mikroba pencerna serat dari rumen kerbau sebagai starter dengan perlakuan aras starter (0, 2,5 dan 5%) dan lama peram (0, 7 dan 14 hari). Parameter yang diamati adalah komponen serat dan perubahan struktur jaringan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, dilanjutkan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi (P0,05) antara perbedaan aras starter dan lama peram terhadap kadar neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemiselulosa, selulosa dan lignin. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penurunan kadar komponen serat serta peningkatan kerusakan jaringan seiring dengan peningkatan aras starter dan lama pemeraman. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penurunan kadar selulosa dan lignin sedangkan kadar hemiselulosa tidak dipengaruhi. Hal ini didukung oleh pengamatan terhadap perubahan struktur jaringan.  (Fiber components of fermented coconut husk using fibre degrading microbes from buffalo rumen) ABSTRACT. This study aimed to examine the effect of different fermentation periods and levels of fiber-degrading microbial starter from buffalo rumen fluid on fiber component and tissue structure alteration of coconut husk. The experimental design used was factorial randomized complete 3x3 and 4 replications. The coconut husk fermentation was using fiber-degrading microbial obtained from buffalo rumen fluid as a starter with different treatments of starter levels (0, 2.5 and 5%) and fermentation periods (0, 7 and 14 days). Parameters observed were fiber component and tissue structure alteration. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of this research showed that there was no interaction effect (P0.05) between starter level and fermentation period on NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents. The conclusion of this research was decreased fiber component content and damage to tissue structure of coconut husk along with increased starter level and fermentation period. This is caused by decreased levels of cellulose and lignin while hemicellulose levels were not affected. This is supported by observations of changes in tissue structure alteration.
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ikan dengan Tepung Keong Mas (Pomacea Canaliculata L.) di dalam ransum basal terhadap Plasma Metabolit Ayam Broiler Fase Starter
Authors: Harahap Alpian Arbi , Erwan Edi , Febrina Dewi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata L.) merupakan bahan pakan alternatif bagi unggas yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi yang hampir sama dengan tepung ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian tepung ikan dengan tepung keong mas (TKM) didalam ransum basal terhadap plasma metabolit yang meliputi total kolesterol (TCHO), trigliserida (TG), glukosa (GLU), dan total protein (TP) pada ayam broiler fase starter. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap menggunakan 60 ekor DOC dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan dipelihara selama 21 hari. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggantian tepung ikan dengan TKM dengan level 0, 3, 6, dan 9%. Parameter yang diukur adalah TCHO, TG, GLU dan TP. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa penggantian tepung ikan dengan TKM pada level 9% berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) meningkatkan TCHO, GLU dan TP ayam broiler, namun tidak berbeda nyata (P0,05) terhadap TG. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggantian tepung ikan dengan TKM di dalam ransum basal dapat mengubah kadar plasma metabolit yang meliputi TCHO, GLU, dan TP pada ayam broiler fase starter. Selanjutnya, level TKM yang digunakan untuk menggantikan tepung ikan tidak boleh melebihi 6% khususnya untuk mencapai level terbaik TCHO di dalam plasma ayam broiler fase starter.  (Effect of fish meal substitution with golden snail meal (Pomacea canaliculata L.) in basal ration with on plasma metabolites in broiler starter period) ABSTRACT. Gold snail is an alternative feed with high protein content and almost similar to protein content of fish meal. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of fish meal with golden snail meal (GSM) in basal ration on plasma metabolites including total cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU) and total protein (TP) in starter broiler chickens. The research design in this study was a Completely Randomized Design, using 60 DOCS of broiler chickens (Cobb) with four treatments and five replications with each treatment consisted of 3 broilers chickens. The chickens were kept from DOC until 21 days old. The treatment in this study was the substitution of fish meal with GSM at levels 0, 3, 6 and 9% in basal ration in broiler chickens. The observed parameter in this study were TCHO, TG, GLU and TP. The results of this study showed that the substitution of fish meal with GSM in basal ration up to level 9% significantly (P0.05) increased TCHO, GLU and TP but did not affect TG in broiler chickens. The conclusion of this study that the substitution of fish meal with GSM in basal ration altered plasma metabolites including TCHO, GLU and TP in broiler starter period. Moreover, the maximum level of GSM substitution for fishmeal should not exceed 6% especially to achieve the best level of TCHO in plasma broiler chicken starter period.
Analisis Perbandingan Nilai Tambah dan Keuntungan Pengolahan Minyak Nilam Menjadi Produk Parfum dan Aromaterapi ( Studi Kasus pada ARC (Atsiry Research Ceter Unsyiah dan PT. Aceh Kutaradja Aromatik)
Authors: Winardi Widita , Safrida Safrida , Indra Indra
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai tambah dan keuntungan pengolahan minyak nilam menjadi produk parfum dan aromaterapi serta perbandingannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ARC Universitas Syiah Kuala dan PT. Aceh Kutaradja Aromatik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah direktur, pengelola, serta tenaga kerja pada usaha parfum dan aromaterapi. Objek penelitian ini adalah produk parfum dan aromaterapi. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis nilai tambah Hayami dan analisis keuntungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengolahan minyak nilam menjadi produk parfum dan aromaterapi sama-sama memberikan nilai tambah yang tinggi bedasarkan indikator nilai tambah dengan rasio nilai tambah yang dihasilkan 40%. Akan tetapi rasio nilai tambah parfum lebih tinggi sebesar 67,73% dibandingkan aromaterapi sebesar 62%. Hal ini menunjukan produk parfum memberikan nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan aromaterapi. Hasil peneltian juga meunjukan bahwa usaha parfum memberikan tingkat keuntungan yang lebih tinggi sebesar Rp14.495.100,-/bulan dibandingkan aromaterapi sebesar Rp4.879.400,-/bulan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa usaha parfum lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan aromaterapi.Comparative Analysis of The Added Value of Processing Pactchouli Oil Into Perfume and Aromatherapy Products (Case Study in ARC (Atsiry Research Center) Universitas Syiah Kuala and PT. Aceh Kutaradja AromatikAbstract. This research was conducted at ARC Syiah Kuala University and PT. Aceh Kutaradja Aromatik. The research method used is a case study. The informants in this study were directors, managers and workers in the perfume and aromatherapy business. The object of this research is perfume and aromatherapy products. Data is processed using Hayami value added analysis and profit analysis. The results showed that the processing of patchouli oil into perfume and aromatherapy products both provided high added value based on added value indicators with the resulting added value ratio 40%. However, the value added ratio of perfume is higher by 67.73% compared to aromatherapy by 62%. This shows that perfume products provide higher added value than aromatherapy. The results of the study also showed that the perfume business provided a higher level of profit of Rp. 14,495,100 / month compared to aromatherapy at Rp. 4,879,400 / month. This shows that the perfume business is more profitable than aromatherapy.
Evaluasi Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Kebun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) di Desa Balohan Kecamatan Sukajaya Kota Sabang
Authors: Tamlicha Muhammad , Zuraida Zuraida , Ilyas Ilyas
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kimia dan status kesuburan tanah seta arahan pengelolaan tanaman cengkeh di Desa Balohan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survai deskriptif berdasarkan pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Titik pengamatan ditentukan dengan survai berdasarkan tingkat perbedaan lereng, yaitu rute pengamatan tanah dengan mengamati tingkat perbedaan lereng di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan karakteristik kimia pada kebun cengkeh di Desa Balohan  yaitu: a) pH kriteria agak masam, b) C-organik tergolong rendah, c) kadar N-total tergolong sangat rendah hingga sedang, d) P-tersedia tergolong sangat rendah hingga sangat tinggi, e) P-total tergolong sangat rendah, f) nilai K-dd tergolong sedang, g) nilai KTK dan Nilai KB tergolong rendah. Status kesuburan tanah pada kebun cengkeh yang terdapat di Desa Balohan tergolong rendah, perlu dilakukan pengelolaan kesuburan melalui pemupukan untuk perbaikan terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah yang rendah, dan perlu dilakukan pengelolaan kesuburan tanah untuk keberlanjutan budidaya dan meningkatkan produksi cengkeh.Evaluation Chemistry Characteristics on Cloves Garden (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in Balohan Village Sukajaya Subdistrict Sabang City) Abstract. This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics and soil fertility status following the direction of clove management in Balohan Village. This research uses descriptive survey method based on field observations and laboratory analysis. The observation point is determined by a survey based on the level of slope differences, namely the soil observation route by observing the level of slope differences at the study site. The results of this study indicate the chemical characteristics of the clove gardens in Balohan Village, namely: a) the pH criteria are somewhat sour, b) C-organic is low, c) N-total levels are very low to moderate, d) P-available is very low to very high, e) P-total is classified as very low, f) K-dd value is classified as moderate, g) KTK value and KB value is classified as low. Soil fertility status in clove plantations in Balohan Village is classified as low, fertility management needs to be done through fertilization to improve soil chemical properties that are low, and it is necessary to manage soil fertility for the sustainability of cultivation and increase clove production.
Pemanfaatan Indeks Vegetasi NDVI Terhadap Siklus Phenology Tanaman Padi Pada Musim Gadu 2017
Authors: Adinda Riska , Rusdi Muhammad , Sugianto Sugianto
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Tanaman padi merupakan komoditas terpenting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Informasi tentang siklus phenology tanaman padi dapat digunakan indeks vegetasi untuk memprediksi produksi beras, dan untuk memastikan program ketahanan pangan, terutama selama musim tanam gadu 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui siklus phenology tanaman padi pada musim gadu 2017. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan indeks vegetasi NDVI yang disesuaikan dengan rentang nilai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fase awal pertumbuhan diperoleh pada bulan April dengan nilai NDVI 0,123 - 0,322 seluas 286,600 Ha, fase pertumbuhan vegetatif awal nilai NDVI -0,006 - 0,167 termasuk kedalam tingkat kehijauan sangat rendah seluas 215,129 Ha, fase vegetatif di peroleh pada bulan Juni dengan tingkat kehijauan sedang dengan nilai NDVI 0,302 - 0,429 seluas 250,094 Ha, nilai NDVI 0,276 - 0,829 dengan tingkat kehijauan tinggi termasuk kedalam fase vegetatif (fase 4) seluas 535,992 Ha, dan fase vegetatif puncak (fase 5) dengan nilai NDVI 0,384 - 0,769 termasuk dalam kriteria tingkat kehijauan tinggi seluas 535,992 Ha.Utilization of NDVI Vegetation Index For the Rice Plant Phenology Cycle of  2017 Gadu SeasonAbstract. Rice plants are the most important commodity for the people of Indonesia. Information about the phenology cycle of rice plants can be used as a vegetation index to predict rice production, and to ensure food security programs, especially during the 2017 gadu growing season. The purpose of this study is to determine the phenology cycle of rice plants in the 2017 gadu season. This research method used the index NDVI vegetation adapted to the range of values. The results showed that the initial growth phase was obtained in April with an NDVI value of 0.123 - 0.322 covering an area of 286,600 Ha, the initial vegetative growth phase of the NDVI value of -0.006 - 0.167 included in the lowest greenness level of 215.129 Ha, the vegetative phase was obtained in June with the middle level of greenness with NDVI value of 0.302 - 0.429 covering an area of 250.094 Ha, NDVI value of 0.276 - 0.829 with the highest level of greenness included in the vegetative phase (phase 4) covering 535,992 Ha, and the top vegetative phase (phase 5) with NDVI values of 0.384 - 0.769 included in the criteria of vegetative (phase 4) area of 535,992 Ha.
Percepção de Impactos Ambientais do Turismo nas Pinturas Rupestre de Carnaúba dos Dantas – RN
Authors: Santos Gomes Cosma Layssa , Rufino da Silva Beatriz , Soares Hortins Jonatas , Lima Cunha Andreza , Josemar Vitor Ribeiro do Nascimento Joab
Published: June 2020

The objective of the work was to evaluate the profile and environmental impacts at the Archeological Site xique-xique I, where the cave paintings of the city of Carnaúba dos Dantas - RN are located. The methodology included bibliographic research, questionnaire and site visit. 20 people were interviewed. It was found that there are environmental impacts, permanent risks of degradation by anthropic, natural factors and also by factors of human transformation caused by tourism present in that environment. Among the main impacts were cited: graffiti, deforestation and accumulation of solid waste. These factors can cause some paintings to disappear. The impacts are mainly associated with visiting practices by tourists themselves.
Análisis espectral del sismo del 27 de agosto de 2013 ocurrido en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Girón-Lozano Lina Vanessa , Salcedo-Hurtado Elkin de Jesús , Pérez-Alcázar Germán
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación determina el contenido frecuencial para el sismo del 27 de agosto de 2013 con epicentro en la cabecera municipal de Restrepo en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, registrado por el Servicio Geológico Colombiano y el Observatorio Sismológico y Geofísico del Suroccidente Colombiano. La etapa de tratamiento comprende el análisis espectral por medio del proceso de deconvolución que depende de la composición instrumental de la estación sismológica, el cálculo del espectrograma que describe la evolución temporal del contenido frecuencial y el rango dinámico en unidades de decibelios (dB) y la transformada de Fourier. Posteriormente, se determina la relación del contenido frecuencial con la geología de la zona donde se ubican las estaciones sismológicas. Se establece que, aunque se describen periodos altos en la señal recibida en cada una de las estaciones, la evolución temporal de las ondas sísmicas muestra que las frecuencias halladas en los espectros de Fourier son variables y dependen de las condiciones geológicas más no de los parámetros instrumentales, de tal manera que los depósitos de suelo se comportan como filtros para la energía de alta frecuencia
Cuatro éticas: una mirada desde y más allá de Nietzsche
Authors: Bustamante Fontecha Alejandro
Published: June 2020

apoyándose en Nietzsche, cuando es posible, y en otros autores, cuando es necesario, este texto aborda ―tomando como base, las tres transformaciones del espírituenunciadas por Nietzsche al comienzo del Zaratustra, y la noción de voluntad de poder―, la posibilidad de inferir cuatro éticas, desde el punto de vista del poder: una ética de la sumisión orientada hacia la obediencia, una ética de la resistencia orientada hacia la rebeldía, una ética de la supervivencia orientada hacia la dominación, y una ética de la supervivencia orientada hacia el empoderamiento. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar la inconveniencia de las tres primeras éticas para un adecuado ejercicio de la democracia, y plantear, en cambio, la pertinencia de una ética del empoderamiento.
Pendidikan dalam Keluarga Berbasis Etika Buddha
Authors: Sapardi Sapardi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to find out familial education on the basis of Buddhist ethics and the relationship of Buddhist teachings in building a happy, prosperous family life. The foregoing rests upon the identification of texts from the Tipitaka / Tripitaka Scriptures related to Education in the Family and moral ethics (Sila), and the texts are subsequently analyzed and dissected using the theory of structural functionalism and hermeneutics. Based on the analysis of the aforesaid text data, it can be seen the role of moral ethics that must be put forward and become a guide in shaping a happy and prosperous family life. Education in the Family is a pattern or method that must be done by a Buddhist household. Based on ethics in managing hittasukkhaya life, it becomes the basis and guide in creating happy and prosperous home life (hitta sukkhaya). Moral ethics (Sila) is the basis and foundation and guide for householders in creating a happy and prosperous life in the face of various changes that occur in the current modern era.
Model Capacity Building Pada Pesantren Perbatasan Binaan Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Prasetyo Muhammad Anggung Manumanoso , Bashori Bashori , Masriani Masriani
Published: June 2020

The era of globalization demands education institution to be adaptive, creative, and innovative, including Islamic boarding schools as the institutions of Islamic education which become the national cultural heritage. One of the innovative programs is capacity building as a series of strategies aimed at increasing efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness of performance. This study was directed to explore capacity building implementation at Darul Amin Islamic modern boarding school Southeast Aceh. A qualitative research approach with a case study as the research strategy was implemented. The results of the study showed that capacity building focused on three dimensions, namely (1) human resource development; (2) organizational strengthening, and (3) institutional reform. The principle of Darul Amin capacity building contained the elements of participation, repetition, relevance, transfer, and feedback. In the process of capacity building, there were four stages, namely (1) pre-formal stage (pilot education organization); (2) formal stage (potential education organization); (3) transitional stage (national standard education organization); and (4) autonomous stage (international standard education organization). Towards the existence of the institution, Darul Amin also made various efforts at various levels, namely the system level, organizational level, and individual level.
The Use in the Production of Clinker Waste of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy and Power Engineering of East Kazakhstan
Authors: Abdrakhimov V.Z. , Kairakbaev A.K. , Abdrakhimova E.S.
Published: June 2020

The technology of obtaining clinker bricks on the basis of waste of non-ferrous metallurgy – clay part of the "tails" of the gravity of zircon-ilmenite ores and waste of energy – ash of light fraction is considered. The use of non-ferrous metallurgy and energy waste in ceramics contributes to the disposal of industrial waste, environmental protection and the expansion of the raw material base for ceramic building materials.
Smart Mobile Application for Public Transport Schedules - Logical Model
Authors: Krastev Georgi , Voinohovska Valentina
Published: June 2020

Logical model of a portal for smart mobile application for public transport schedules on the base of three classes Model/View/Controller (MVC) has been described in this article. This concept based on design templates, leads to greater flexibility and possibility for repeated use in various applications.
Organizational Culture and Project Management in India and Russia in the Context of Binational Projects
Authors: Titov Sergei , Birukov Alexandr , Vichodtseva Elena
Published: June 2020

Multicultural project teams are characterized by higher innovation, creativity and the ability to generate new knowledge, but more difficult to manage. Binational projects, which involve the efforts of team members from two equally represented cultures, are especially complex. Using data from GLOBE study and the data on 175 projects in Russia and 200 projects in India, the author discovers that organizational cultures and national project management systems in two countries are significantly different. Based on the findings, the author suggests tools for analysis of binational projects and measures applicable for Indian-Russian and similar projects to increase effectiveness of project teams.
Innovative Technologies and Social Responsibility of Business: Analysis of Possibilities
Authors: Luchko Mykhailo , Holinach Liudmyla , Shchyrba Iryna , Muzhevych Nataliia
Published: June 2020

The mechanism of organization and prediction regarding the main indicators of innovative business on the example of disposable cookware production made from bran is offered in the article. The statistical study of the potential demand for this cookware is conducted. The three-factor linear dependence function is constructed. The relationship between the change in demand for disposable cookware and the change in the average income of the population per month, the change in demand for this cookware and the change in the number of people who understand the essence of global problems comprising the humanity frame by having an active social position, the change in demand for disposable cookware with changes in price and product are also researched. Digital material and empirical data of Ukrainian enterprises are used in this study.
Evaluation of Service Quality Gaps in Traditional Appliance Retail using Cause-and-Effect Matrix and Service Failure-mode-and-Effect Analysis Techniques with Case Studies
Authors: Wang Chien-Chih , Lin Michael
Published: June 2020

With the advent of the new retail era, the traditional home appliance retail market is at a critical stage of transformation. The practical problem is the lack of understanding the consumers' psychological needs leading to gaps in service quality. In this study, a new service gap index was proposed using the C&E matrix and FMEA to assess the need to adjust the service process. Researchers collected and analyzed data from 150 external questionnaires in New Taipei City. From the report, the service gap index is -0.66, indicating that the traditional retail equipment market is in a state of declining service quality. Results show that the service gap index can indicate service bottlenecks and improve process knowledge of service providers.
Evaluación de la colpocistouretropexia en la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo
Authors: Lomanto Moran Antonio , Gómez Cusnir Pablo
Published: June 2020

La corrección quirúrgica de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en la mujer sigue siendo un problema complejo y perturbador. Así como no existe un solo factor etiológico único para todas las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria, tampoco hay de manera uniforme un solo método quirúrgico que corrija el trastorno, como lo indican las publicaciones continuas de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas.Han sido evaluadas 150 historias clínicas de pacientes intervenidas en los servicios de Ginecología y Urología del Centro Hospitalario de San Juan de Dios en un período de tres años, con una técnica suprapúbica, obteniendo las siguientes conclusiones:1.Para poder llegar a un diagnóstico exacto de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, clave para el éxito operatorio final, es necesario la realización de una historia clínica y un examen físico completos: Lo ideal sería utilizar investigaciones urodinámicas que de ninguna manera deben sustituirlos, como cistoscopia, cistometría y urografía. La citología es importante.2. Comprobamos, como la mayoría de los autores, que la incontinencia urinaria es más frecuente en grados menores de uretrocistocele, en las grandes multíparas y entre los 40 y 50 años (47.5 años promedio en nuestro estudio).3.Encontramos 22% de cirugía vaginal previa, hecho frecuente porque la efectividad de esta vía no llega al 60%.4.Se utilizaron tres modalidades de procedimientos quirúrgicos teniendo en cuenta, además de la incontinencia, la presencia de patología de celes de la vagina, lógicamente teniendo como base la colpocistouretropexia descrita anteriormente. Consideramos que el material no absorbible puede dar una tasa más alta de efectividad a largo plazo.5.La técnica empleada tiene una morbilidad relativamente baja pues no se presentaron sino dos casos de apertura de la vejiga y siete de hemorragia. Dentro de las complicaciones postoperatorias, el dolor suprapúbico tardio ascendió al 26%. Los problemas de retención urinaria, e infección de la herida coinciden con intervenciones semejantes.6.La cifra del 93% de éxito coincide con las intervenciones suprapúbicas similares y la evaluación de los casos que fracasaron demostró fallas en la valoración y una prueba de ello es el hecho de haberse presentado nuevamente la sintomatología antes de los seis meses del post-operatorio.En conclusión, podemos decir que la colpocistouretroprexia, según la descripción hecha anteriormente, es el procedimiento ideal y primario para la corrección de la incontinencia urinaria.
Wybrane czynniki atrakcyjności konferencji naukowych jako produktów systemowych na międzynarodowym rynku turystycznym
Authors: Cieślikowski Krzysztof , Brusokas Andrius
Published: June 2020

W pracy wskazano wybrane determinanty atrakcyjności międzynarodowych konferencji naukowych jako produktów systemowych na współczesnym międzynarodowym rynku turystycznym, zwłaszcza na rynku turystyki biznesowej. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano następujące metody: analizę literatury przedmiotu i raportów, syntezę oraz pasywną i aktywną obserwację. Wykorzystano również bezpośrednią metodę ankietową, w której posłużono się kwestionariuszem badawczym na stronie interne­towej, i skierowano ją do delegatów podczas konferencji Erasmus+ International Week w Kownie. Wskazano kilka najważniejszych warunków atrakcyjności konferencji dla uczestników, które odnoszą się do dostępności transportu i informacji, a także oryginalności miejsca docelowego i programu rekreacyjnego dla delegatów. Współczesne międzynarodowe konferencje naukowe, trwające kilka dni, są systemowymi, wielordzeniowymi produktami turystycznymi. Artykuł jest empiryczny, ale przedstawia także koncepcje rozwoju spotkań konferencyjnych jako atrakcyjnych produktów systemowych we współczesnej gospodarce Unii Europejskiej.
Kontrowersyjna turystyka z wykorzystaniem zwierząt w perspektywie kulturowej
Authors: Malchrowicz-Mośko Ewa , Munsters Wil , Korzeniewska-Nowakowska Paulina , Gravelle François
Published: June 2020

Nieomówionym dotychczas aspektem kontrowersyjnej turystyki z wykorzystaniem zwierząt jest jej związek z turysty­ką kulturową. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie kategoryzacji atrakcji oraz wydarzeń kulturowych i turystycznych, które są związane ze złym traktowaniem zwierząt. W tekście opisano, w jaki sposób turyści, kierowani kulturowym omniworyzmem i chęcią wyróżnienia się z tłumu, korzystają z kontrowersyjnych form tego rodzaju turystyki podczas międzykontynentalnych podróży. By uniknąć pułapki zachodniego etnocentryzmu, który prowadzi do oskarżeń o barbarzyństwo, autorzy przedstawili problem z różnych, międzykulturowych punktów widzenia, co pozwala na zrozumienie nastawienia lokalnych społeczności do zwierząt i ich dobrostanu. Co więcej, historia pokazuje, że troska o los zwierząt nie jest głęboko zakorzeniona w tradycji Zachodu. Zrównoważone rozwiązania w sektorze turystyki związanej ze zwierzętami muszą stać się elementem świadomości turystów, do której należy dążyć poprzez należytą edukację.
Minimaxity and Limits of Risks Ratios of Shrinkage Estimators of a Multivariate Normal Mean in the Bayesian Case
Authors: Hamdaoui Abdenour , Benkhaled Abdelkader , Mezouar Nadia
Published: June 2020

In this article, we consider two forms of shrinkage estimators of a multivariate normal mean with unknown variance. We take the prior law as a normal multivariate distribution and we construct a Modified Bayes estimator and an Empirical Modified Bayes estimator. We are interested instudying the minimaxity and the behavior of risks ratios of these estimators to the maximum likelihood estimator, when the dimension of the parameters space and the sample size tend to infinity.
Pisarz wobec historii i mitu — wokół debiutu literackiego Jana Józefa Szczepańskiego
Authors: Gontarz Beata
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct polemics about Jan Józef Szczepański’s literary debut, the short story “Buty” (The Shoes), published in Tygodnik Powszechy (1947, no. 6). The analysis of Szczepański’s answer to the readers’ objections and to Kazimierz Wyka’s review leads to conclusions that this controversy helped Szczepański to rethink the tasks of literature and to under-stand his own role as a writer. At the time of his debut, Szczepański formulated a programme of creativity based on the truth of his experience of evil during the Second World War. This programme did not match the readers’ expectations, as they were hoping that a writer dealing with a wartime subject would take up the myth of Good and Evil, which justified a national code popular in Polish literature, i.e. “the holy fight for the homeland.”
Radiological Learning Point: Repercussions of the Historical Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Costa Maria Inês , Gomes Joana , Braga José Pinheiro
Published: June 2020

N/a.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Principles of Care
Authors: Rodrigues Joana F. , Mineiro Alexandra , Reis António , Ventura David G. , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando , Costa Filipa , Gomes Joana , Silva José Manuel , Lopes Paulo , Cordeiro Carlos Robalo
Published: June 2020

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal co-dominant inherited disorder that results in decreased circulating levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (also known as alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor) and predisposes affected individuals to early onset lung and liver disease. There is currently no cure for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. However, appropriate treatment and a high standard of clinical care can prevent patients from being seriously affected and having to undergo major medical interventions, such as organ transplantation. Beyond managing the symptoms associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor therapy is the only treatment for the condition’s underlying cause. Early diagnosis is important to ensure efficient therapeutic strategies and to minimize further deterioration of lung function. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is under diagnosed globally, partly because the disease has no unique presenting symptoms. This document was prepared by a Portuguese multidisciplinary group and it aims to set out comprehensive principles of care for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. These include the importance of registries, the need for clinical research, the need for consistent recommendations (regarding diagnosis, treatment and monitoring), the role of reference centres, the requirement for sustained access to treatment, diagnostic and support services, and the role of patient organizations.
ISLAMIC ETHICS IN BUSINESS COMPETITION
Authors: Miharja Jaya
Published: June 2020

The issuance of Law No.5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, at least shows how important there is a regulation that specifically regulates the behavior of entrepreneurs in the business competition which is getting tougher from time to time. This aims to protect small and medium businesses so that they can compete competitively and there is no centralization of economic power in just one or a group of people, as happened in the past.
EXPLORING THE PROGRESSIVE LAW IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 93 / PUU-X / 2012 ON TESTING ARTICLE 55 VERSES (2) AND (3) LAW NO. 21 OF 2008 CONCERNING SHARIA BANKING
Authors: Syarifudin Ahmad
Published: June 2020

After the Constitutional Court issued decision No. 93/PUU-X/2012 for testing Article 55 paragraph (2) and (3) of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking to Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, the Religious Court has regained its authority to settle Islamic banking disputes. In the ruling, the Constitutional Court stipulates that the explanation of Article 55 paragraph (2) is contrary to the 1945 Constitution, and at the same time does not have binding legal force.

The cause of the unconstitutionality occurs because the explanation of Article 55 paragraph (2) of the a quo law contains several dispute resolution forums, namely deliberation, banking mediation, National Sharia Arbitration Board or other arbitration and through a general court which makes the court conclude it will cause uncertainty because of the Paragraph (1) has clearly mentioned the Religious Court.

This paper wants to know the urgency of progressive law in the Constitutional Court's decision No. 93/PUU-X/2012 also wants to know whether in the Constitutional Court's decision No. 93/PUU-X/2012 has implemented progressive laws.
Bimbingan Teknis Pembuatan Game Edukatif sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Tingkat PAUD
Authors: P Reski , Ruswinarsih Sigit
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman Kepala Sekolah PAUD dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran yang menarik bagi siswa. Tema pengabdian yang dipilih adalah game edukatif sebagai media pembelajaran. Dari beberapa metode pengabdian maka dipilih metode pengabdian partisipatif. Kegiatan pengabdian berupa pembelajaran dilakukan pada tanggal 9 November 2019 dengan jumlah keseluruhan peserta 34 orang. Kegiatan pengabdian berupa pembelajaran dilakukan oleh tim pelaksana bersama dengan para Kepala Sekolah PAUD yang tergabung di Kelompok Kerja Kepala Sekolah (K3 PAUD) di Alalak Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan tahapan dimulai dari tahap persiapan, dan tahap pelaksanaan yang mencakup pemaparan materi dan pembuatan game edukatif. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa pelaksanan Bimbingan Teknis berlangsung lancar. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim pelaksana telah berhasil mencapai tujuan yaitu para peserta bimbingan teknik di Alalak Kabupaten Barito Kuala tersebut mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang pembuatan game edukatif sebagai media pembelajaran yang menarik bagi anak-anak PAUD. Para peserta Bimbingan Teknis terlihat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembuatan game edukatif dengan mampu membuat game edukatif mengenal buah dan angka.This service aims to increase the understanding of the Principal of PAUD in making learning media interesting for students. The chosen theme of service is educational games as learning media. Of the several methods of service, the method of participatory service chosen. Community service activities took place on November 9, 2019, with a total of 34 participants. Service activities in the form of learning are carried out by the implementing team and the Principals of PAUD Schools. They are members of the School Principal Work Group (K3 PAUD) in Alalak, Barito Kuala Regency. The activity is carried out with stages starting from the preparation stage and the implementation stage, including the presentation of material and making educational games. The results obtained are that the implementation of Technical Guidance takes place smoothly. This activity has succeeded in achieving the goal that the technical guidance participants in Alalak Barito Kuala Regency have increased knowledge and skills about making educational games as an exciting learning medium for PAUD children. The Technical Guidance participants seemed enthusiastic in participating in the activities of creating educational games by being able to make educational games to recognize fruit and numbers.
DUYGUSAL EMEĞİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: KAHRAMANMARAŞ BELEDİYE ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: YEŞİL Salih , MAVİ Yüksel
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada son yıllarda gerek ulusal gerekse de uluslararası literatür açısından büyük önem arz eden duygusal emek konusu ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı iş üzerindeki kontrol, yönetici desteği, iş arkadaşı desteği, ödüllendirme ve olumlu davranış kuralı değişkenlerinin duygusal emek üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kahramanmaraş il merkezindeki Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Onikişubat Belediyesi ve Dulkadiroğlu Belediyesi’ndeki 300 çalışan oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket formundan yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 21.0 programında frekans, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılarak test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda iş üzerindeki kontrol, yönetici desteği, iş arkadaşı desteği ve olumlu davranış kuralının yüzeysel davranışı etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Ancak ödüllendirmenin ise yüzeysel davranışı pozitif anlamda etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan iş üzerindeki kontrol, yönetici desteği ve iş arkadaşı desteğinin derinlemesine davranışı etkilemediği görülmüştür. Fakat ödüllendirme ve olumlu davranış kuralının ise derinlemesine davranışı pozitif anlamda etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçların duygusal emeğin önemini çalışanlar ve işletmeler açısından ortaya koyması ve literatürün gelişimine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
PENGARUH INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI WERENG BATANG COKELAT (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) PADA PADI VARIETAS TAHAN
Authors: Iswanto Eko Hari
Published: June 2020

Effect of Insecticides to Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Adaptation on Resistant Rice Varieties. Brown planthopper (BPH) (Hemiptera: Delpachidae) is one of major pests on rice cultivation in Indonesia. Resistant rice varieties and insecticides are commonly used by farmers in BPH management. But, BPH can rapidly adapt on long-term planted varieties and insecticide. The aim of research was to study the ability of insecticide resistance BPH in adaptation on resistant rice varieties. This study was conducted at Indonesian Center for Rice Research from October 2018 to June 2019. BPH’s were collected from farmer field and reared for 6th generation. BPH’s were divided into four insecticide population. BPH population sprayed each generation by BPMC (BPMC-BPH), imidacloprid (imidacloprid-BPH), pymetrozine (pymetrozine-BPH), and unsprayed (Control-BPH). In first generation, insecticide resistance conducted to obtain baseline data of BPH resistance to imidacloprid, BPMC and pymetrozine. On 6th generation, insecticide resistance test repeated to each population. Four BPH population were tested for the survival rate, fecundity, amount of honeydew, and  rice varieties reaction. Result showed that Field population 1st generation were  resistance to BPMC and imidacloprid with Resistance Factor (RF) 4.1 and 13.5-fold, respectively, while to pymetrozine was indicate resistance (RF 3.7-fold). In 6th generation, LC50 all insecticide population were increased, while in Control-BPH were decreased. Inpari 13 still effective againts BPH in all test results. Insecticide resistance-BPH tend to lower adaptation on resistant variety than insecticide susceptible-BPH.
Effect of Sprung (Suspended) Floor on Lower Extremity Stiffness during a Force-returning Ballet Jump
Authors: Hackney James , Brummel Sara , Becker Dana , Selbo Aubrey , Koons Sandra , Stewart Meredith
Published: June 2020

Our objective in this study was to compare stiffness of bilateral lower extremities (LEs) in ballet dancers performing sauté on a low-stiffness “sprung floor” to that during the same movement on a high-stiffness floor (wood on concrete). LE stiffness was calculated
as the ratio of vertical ground reaction force (in kN) to compression of the lower limb (in meters). Seven female dancers were measured for five repetitions each at the point of maximum leg compression while performing sauté on both of the surfaces, such that 43 ms of data were represented
for each trial. The stiffness of bilateral LEs at the point of maximum compression was higher by a mean difference score of 2.48±2.20 kN/m on the low-stiffness floor compared to a high-stiffness floor. Paired t-test analysis of the difference scores yielded a one-tailed probability
of 0.012. This effect was seen in six out of seven participants (one participant showed no difference between floor conditions). The finding of increased stiffness of the LEs in the sprung floor condition suggests that some of the force of landing the jump was absorbed by the surface, and
therefore did not need to be absorbed by the participants’ LEs themselves. This in turn implies that a sprung dance floor may help to prevent dance-related injuries.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 53
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 53.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 57
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 57.
Characterization of Mannitol Fermenter and Salt Tolerant Staphylococci from Breast Tumor Biopsies of Iraqi Women
Authors: Lafta Inam Jasim , Najem Mohammed Jasim
Published: June 2020

The emergence of staphylococci, either coagulase negative (CNS) or coagulase positive (CPS), as important human pathogens has implied that reliable methods for their identification are of large significance in understanding the diseases caused by them. The identification and characterization of staphylococci from biopsies taken from human breast tumors is reported here. Out of 32 tissue biopsies, a total of 12 suspected staphylococci grew on mannitol salt agar (MSA) medium, including 7 fermenters and 5 non-fermenter staphylococci based on traditional laboratory methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) successfully identified seven isolates at the genus level as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. by targeting a common region of the mecA gene. Only two of the seven bacteria were S. aureus based on the three-specific primers designed to amplify the housekeeping gene recN, and two of the virulence genes icaD and pvl. Diagnosing the isolates using the Vitek system revealed different findings. Although 6 of 7 isolates belonged to the Staphylococcus genus, including: S. cohnii subsp. cohnii, 2 isolates; S. lentus, 2 isolates; and one isolate for each S. auricularis and S. xylosus, the last bacterium was completely different (Aerococcus viridans). Concerning the two bacteria characterised as S. aureus by PCR, they were identified as S. lentus by Vitek with comparatively low detection probabilities of 93% and 88%. The data of this study indicate that undoubtedly PCR is a reliable and accurate test for identification of mannitol fermenter and salt tolerant bacteria in comparison with other tests that depend mainly on biochemical characteristics.
Temperature Impacts on the Cardiac Activity of the Snail Pomacea canaliculata from Shatt Al-Arab Region, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ali et al. Malik
Published: June 2020

The effects of temperature on an exotic aquatic snail Pomacea canaliculata  (Lamarck, 1819) collected from the Shatt Al-Arab intertidal zone were investigated. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted during the summer period of 2017. Individuals of new born snails hatched in the laboratory from adult snails were collected from Shatt Al-Arab intertidal zone, and subjected to five fixed temperatures: 15, 25, 35, 40 and 45 Cº, after short term thermal acclimation. The heartbeats (HB) were counted at each temperature level. The results showed significant  direct increase of HB from 15 Cº (19.8 HB/min) up to 25 Cº (76 HB/min) (P<0.05)  as well as from 25 Cº to 35 Cº (93 HB/min). At 40 Cº the snail HB shows only slight insignificant increase (79 HB/ min). At 45 ºC the HB became irregular and showed negative thermo cardiac activity (HB dropped to 50.4/min). The minimum HB rate of 11/min was recorded at 15 Cº and the maximum value of 119 HB/min was recorded at 40 Cº. The study concluded that P. canaliculata can be highly stressed when exposed to extreme temperature experienced during the prolonged summer months and will no longer tolerate living in the intertidal zone of Shatt Al-Arab.
In Silico Analysis of Regulatory Elements of the Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Farivar Shirin , Amirinejad Roya , Naghavi gargari Bahar , Hassani Seyedeh Batool , Shirvani farsani Zeinab
Published: June 2020

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcription factor that controls gene expression. Its impaired expression was found to be related to different diseases. VDR also acts as a regulator of different pathways including differentiation, inflammation, calcium and phosphate absorption, etc. but there is no sufficient knowledge about the regulation of the gene itself. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors regulating the VDR may facilitate the improvement of strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of VDR. In the present investigation, a set of databases and methods were used to identify putative functional elements in the VDR locus. Histone modifications, CpG Islands, epigenetic marks at VDR locus were indicated. In addition, repeated sequences, enhancers, insulators, transcription factor binding sites and targets of the VDR gene, as well as protein-protein interactions with bioinformatics tools, were reported. Some of these genetic elements had overlapped with CpG Islands. These results revealed important new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the VDR gene regulation in human cells and tissues.
Estimating Lipoxygenase and Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Activities in Sera of Colon Cancer Patients with Partial Purification of Lipoxygenase
Authors: Al-Adlee et al. Muslim
Published: June 2020

Colon cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that occurs in the large intestine. Sometimes growth remains restricted for a relatively long time before it becomes a malignant tumor and then spreads through the intestinal wall to the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. The study aims to estimate the effectiveness and partial purification of lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme and measure gamma-glutamyle transferase (GGT) activity in serum patients of colon cancer in Baghdad. The study included (80) case male patients with colon cancer with (50) samples of apparently healthy males (control) as comparison group. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in lipoxygenase effectiveness (805.0±517.23 IU/L) in serum of patients with colon cancer compared with control (114.6±49.77 IU/L). The enzyme was purified by the precipitation of the serum protein using (40% (NH4)2SO4) then removing the remaining salts by dialysis. The column of gel (sephadex G.100) was used to separate the enzyme from another protein, in this step a single peak was obtained. The effective part of lipoxygenase at yield (71.42%) and folds (11.033). The ion exchange chromatography (DEAE–CeA50) was used to isolate LOX isoenzyme, two bands (LOX1 and LOX2) were acquired with different degree of purity (16.372) and (12.16) folds respectively. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in the (GGT) activity in patients (58.69±16.94IU/L) (probability P≤ 0.000) compared with control (12.79±5.68 IU/L). The increase in activity of LOX can be used as a tumor marker to detect the colon cancer disease.