bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-based landing zone detection for vertical takeoff and land LiDAR localization and mapping pipelines
Authors: Balasooriya Narmada M. , De Silva Oscar , Jayasiri Awantha , Mann George K.I.
Published: February 2024

This work describes a deep learning-based autonomous landing zone identification module for a vertical takeoff and landing vehicle. The proposed module is developed using LiDAR point cloud data and can be integrated into a visual LiDAR odometry and mapping pipeline implemented in the vehicle. “ConvPoint,” the top-performing neural network architecture in an online point cloud segmentation benchmark leaderboard at the time of writing, was chosen as the reference architecture. Semantic labeling of the datasets was done using the terrain geometry characteristics and manual adjustment of labels through visual observation. Point clouds captured by the Memorial University and online point cloud datasets were used to transfer-learn the neural network model and to evaluate the accuracy-runtime trade-off for the proposed pipeline. The selected neural network model generated accuracy values of 89.7% and 92.1% on two selected datasets, while it computed 3940.15 points per second and 3633.85 points per second to predict landing zone labels, respectively. Hyperparameter tuning was carried out to obtain a higher throughput with an update rate of 1 Hz for the landing zone map of the point cloud inputs from the visual LiDAR odometry and mapping pipeline. The proposed system is validated by evaluating its performance on three variations of point clouds. The results validate the accuracy-runtime trade-off of the proposed system and show that further optimization can improve performance.
The long mean-life-time-controlled and potentially scalable qubits composed of electric dipolar molecules based on graphene
Authors: Huang Yong-Yi
Published: February 2024

We propose a new kind of qubits composed of electric dipolar molecules. The electric dipolar molecules in an external electric field will take simple harmonic oscillations, whose quantum states belonging to the two lowest energy levels act as the states $|0\rangle$
|
0
〉
, $|1\rangle$
|
1
〉
of a qubit. The qubits’ excited states have a very long controlled mean life time about several seconds. We can perform quantum computations by manipulating the qubits of electric dipolar molecules just like those of neutral atoms. When the qubits are used for quantum computations, the dipolar moments’ orientations will harmonically oscillate along an external electric field and they will not change the directions: along or against the electric field, so the qubits can be large-scalely manufactured in graphene system. The radius of Rydberg blockade is about 100 nm.
Enumerating Valid Non-Alpha-Equivalent Programs for Interpreter Testing
Authors: Xia Xinmeng , Feng Yang , Shi Qingkai , Jones James A. , Zhang Xiangyu , Xu Baowen
Published: February 2024

Skeletal program enumeration (SPE) can generate a great number of test programs for validating the correctness of compilers or interpreters. The classic SPE generates programs by exhaustively enumerating all possible variable usage patterns into a given syntactic structure. Even though it is capable of producing many test programs, the exhaustive enumeration strategy generates a large number of invalid programs, which may waste plenty of testing time and resources. To address the problem, this article proposes a tree-based SPE technique. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the key merit of the tree-based approach is that it allows us to take the dependency information into consideration when producing test programs and, thus, make it possible to (1) directly generate non-equivalent programs and (2) apply dominance relations to eliminate invalid test programs that have undefined variables. Hence, our approach significantly saves the cost of the naïve SPE approach. We have implemented our approach into an automated testing tool,
IFuzzer
, and applied it to test eight different implementations of Python interpreters, including CPython, PyPy, IronPython, Jython, RustPython, GPython, Pyston, and Codon. In three months of fuzzing,
IFuzzer
detected 142 bugs, of which 87 have been confirmed to be previously unknown bugs, of which 34 have been fixed. Compared to the state-of-the-art SPE techniques,
IFuzzer
takes only 61.0% of the time cost given the same number of testing seeds and improves 5.3% source code function coverage in the same time budget of testing.
Histotripsy: A Method for Mechanical Tissue Ablation with Ultrasound
Authors: Xu Zhen , Khokhlova Tatiana D. , Cho Clifford S. , Khokhlova Vera A.
Published: February 2024

Histotripsy is a relatively new therapeutic ultrasound technology to mechanically liquefy tissue into subcellular debris using high-amplitude focused ultrasound pulses. In contrast to conventional high-intensity focused ultrasound thermal therapy, histotripsy has specific clinical advantages: the capacity for real-time monitoring using ultrasound imaging, diminished heat sink effects resulting in lesions with sharp margins, effective removal of the treated tissue, a tissue-selective feature to preserve crucial structures, and immunostimulation. The technology is being evaluated in small and large animal models for treating cancer, thrombosis, hematomas, abscesses, and biofilms; enhancing tumor-specific immune response; and neurological applications. Histotripsy has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat liver tumors, with clinical trials undertaken for benign prostatic hyperplasia and renal tumors. This review outlines the physical principles of various types of histotripsy; presents major parameters of the technology and corresponding hardware and software, imaging methods, and bioeffects; and discusses the most promising preclinical and clinical applications.
NMR and Single-Molecule FRET Insights into Fast Protein Motions and Their Relation to Function
Authors: Schanda Paul , Haran Gilad
Published: February 2024

Proteins often undergo large-scale conformational transitions, in which secondary and tertiary structure elements (loops, helices, and domains) change their structures or their positions with respect to each other. Simple considerations suggest that such dynamics should be relatively fast, but the functional cycles of many proteins are often relatively slow. Sophisticated experimental methods are starting to tackle this dichotomy and shed light on the contribution of large-scale conformational dynamics to protein function. In this review, we focus on the contribution of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies to the study of conformational dynamics. We briefly describe the state of the art in each of these techniques and then point out their similarities and differences, as well as the relative strengths and weaknesses of each. Several case studies, in which the connection between fast conformational dynamics and slower function has been demonstrated, are then introduced and discussed. These examples include both enzymes and large protein machines, some of which have been studied by both NMR and fluorescence spectroscopies.
Promoting Positive Development Among Racially and Ethnically Marginalized Youth: Advancing a Novel Model of Natural Mentoring
Authors: Hurd Noelle M.
Published: February 2024

Racism and other forms of oppression threaten the well-being of racially and ethnically marginalized youth. Models of risk and resilience for marginalized youth have stressed the importance of addressing contextual and structural risk while emphasizing promotive factors such as cultural capital within their communities. Increasingly, research has focused on collective antiracist action as a form of coping with structural oppression. Importantly, supportive intergenerational relationships that develop within youths’ everyday contexts may play a key role in catalyzing and reinforcing youths’ engagement in antiracist action. This review advances a novel model for understanding how supportive nonparental adults from youths’ everyday lives (i.e., natural mentors) influence youths’ positive developmental outcomes and participation in antiracist action and how collective antiracist action, in turn, fosters liberation and racial justice. The creation of a more just and equitable society contributes to positive development among racially and ethnically marginalized youth.
Racial Stress, Racial Trauma, and Evidence-Based Strategies for Coping and Empowerment
Authors: Holmes Samantha C. , Zare Manzar , Haeny Angela M. , Williams Monnica T.
Published: February 2024

Racial stress and racial trauma refer to psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to race-based threats and discriminatory experiences. This article reviews the evidence base regarding techniques for coping with racial stress and trauma. These techniques include self-care, self-compassion, social support, mindfulness, cognitive restructuring, cognitive defusion, identity-affirming practices and development of racial/ethnic identity, expressive writing, social action and activism, and psychedelics. These strategies have shown the potential to mitigate psychological symptoms and foster a sense of empowerment among individuals affected by racial stress and trauma. While the ultimate goal should undoubtedly be to address the root cause of racism, it is imperative to acknowledge that until then, implementing these strategies can effectively provide much-needed support for individuals affected by racism.
Exosome-Mediated Impact on Systemic Metabolism
Authors: Cunha e Rocha Karina , Ying Wei , Olefsky Jerrold M.
Published: February 2024

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are released by all cell types and can be found not only in circulation but in many biological fluids. Exosomes are essential for interorgan communication because they can transfer their contents from donor to recipient cells, modulating cellular functions. The miRNA content of exosomes is responsible for most of their biological effects, and changes in exosomal miRNA levels can contribute to the progression or regression of metabolic diseases. As exosomal miRNAs are selectively sorted and packaged into exosomes, they can be useful as biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. The field of exosomes and metabolism is expanding rapidly, and researchers are consistently making new discoveries in this area. As a result, exosomes have great potential for a next-generation drug delivery platform for metabolic diseases.
Myometrium infection decreases TREK1 through NHE1 and increases contraction in pregnant mice
Authors: Yu Huihui , Wang Xingxing , Tian Ruixian , Li Xuan , Xu Chenyi , Fei Jiajia , Li Tengteng , Yin Zongzhi
Published: February 2024

Present work found that infection during pregnancy will increase myometrium contraction. Infection downregulated NHE1 and followed TREK1 expression and activation decrease in myometrium, resulting in increased myometrium contraction.
Elucidation of pericholangitis and periductal fibrosis in cholestatic liver diseases via extracellular vesicles released by polarized biliary epithelial cells
Authors: Maki Keita , Katsumi Tomohiro , Hanatani Takumi , Uchiyama Fumi , Suzuki Fumiya , Hoshikawa Kyoko , Haga Hiroaki , Saito Takafumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2024

Our research elucidated that the composition of basolateral EVs from the biliary epithelial cells changed under bile acid exposure and the basolateral EVs contained the novel inflammation-inducing proteins NPM, NCL, and MK and the fibrosis-inducing protein LECT2. We report that these new results are possible to lead to the potential therapeutic target of cholestatic liver diseases in the future.
An Approach to the Investigation of Thrombocytosis: Differentiating between Essential Thrombocythemia and Secondary Thrombocytosis
Authors: Almanaseer Ala , Chin-Yee Benjamin , Ho Jenny , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , Schenkel Laila , Bhai Pratibha , Sadikovic Bekim , Chin-Yee Ian H. , Hsia Cyrus C.
Published: February 2024

Background. Thrombocytosis is a common reason for referral to Hematology. Differentiating between secondary causes of thrombocytosis and essential thrombocythemia (ET) is often clinically challenging. A practical diagnostic approach to identify secondary thrombocytosis could reduce overinvestigation such as next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Methods and Results. All adult patients with thrombocytosis (≥450 × 109/L) who underwent molecular testing at a single tertiary care centre between January 1, 2018 and May 31, 2021 were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared between patients with secondary thrombocytosis vs. ET. Clinical variables included smoking, thrombosis, splenectomy, active malignancy, chronic inflammatory disease, and iron deficiency anemia. Laboratory variables included complete blood count (CBC), ferritin, and myeloid mutations detected by NGS. The overall yield of molecular testing was 52.4%; 92.1% of which were mutations in JAK2, CALR, and/or MPL. Clinical factors predictive of ET included history of arterial thrombosis (p < 0.05); active malignancy, chronic inflammatory disease, splenectomy, and iron deficiency were associated with secondary thrombocytosis (p < 0.05). A diagnosis of ET was associated with higher hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV), while secondary thrombocytosis was associated with higher body mass index, white blood cells, and neutrophils (p < 0.01). Conclusion. A practical approach to investigating patients with persistent thrombocytosis based on clinical characteristics such as active malignancy, chronic inflammatory disease, splenectomy, and iron deficiency may assist in accurately identifying patients more likely to have secondary causes of thrombocytosis and reduce overinvestigation, particularly costly molecular testing.
Clinical Profile and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A Five‐Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Gichuru Wanjiku , Abinya Nicholas A. O. , Odhiambo Andrew , Otieno Fredrick C. F. , Harrison Simon , Ong’ondi Matilda
Published: February 2024

Background. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic B‐cell malignancy that involves proliferation of neoplastic clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow with circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins or constituent chains in serum or urine or both. It is a rare cancer with a lifetime risk of 0.76% and an age‐adjusted incidence rate of 2.5–7.2 per 100,000 in high‐income countries. There is a paucity of local data on the morbidity and treatment of MM. Methods. This was a single‐centre descriptive retrospective study at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). The study population included inpatients and outpatients with a documented diagnosis of MM managed between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2018. Demographic data, pathology reports, laboratory results, and clinical findings were transcribed and uploaded to a database, and data analysis was done using Stata 16® software. Results. A total of 207 patient files were reviewed. The median age at presentation was 60 years with a slight male preponderance. Bone pain was the predominant complaint in 59% (139/207) of patients, with 17% of patients presenting with paraparesis or paraplegia. For patients who underwent imaging, osteolytic bone lesions were identified in 90.6% (126/139). Anaemia was present in 71% (147/207) patients, hypercalcemia in 55.4%, and renal dysfunction in 38.2%. There were 25 different treatment regimens prescribed, with 13 patients (7%) being on bortezomib‐based triplet therapy. Conclusions. MM in KNH is a disease of the middle aged, affecting men and women almost equally and presenting mainly with bone pain and anaemia. Although there seems to be a general improvement in diagnosis and care, access to novel and less toxic agents for treatment is still wanting.
Construction of Knowledge Graph for Emergency Resources
Authors: Mu Heng , Wu Peng , Su Wenyi
Published: February 2024

Knowledge graphs can effectively organize and represent information related to emergency resources for unforeseen sudden events. In this study, we construct a model layer for the knowledge graph of emergency resources, focused on sudden events, through the classification and analysis of unforeseen disaster measures. This study defines eight interconnected entity types, each characterised by a set of attributes and engaging in one or more relationships with other entity types. Utilizing 121 incident investigation reports from the emergency management departments of various provinces and cities over the past five years, we select five entities with the highest frequency of occurrence along with their corresponding four relationships. We then design an extraction plan for these entities and relationships. Based on the completed knowledge graph data, we formulate 14 questions related to emergency resources for sudden events and construct 19 corresponding question-and-answer templates using a template-based question-answering (QA) approach. We retrieve the corresponding Cypher statement templates through template mapping and obtain the question answers through querying. Finally, we design a knowledge graph question-and-answer system using the Django web framework, which includes entity queries and knowledge QA functions, specifically for emergency resources related to sudden events.
Dynamical Behavior and Expressions of Solutions of a Class of Higher‐Order Nonlinear Difference Equations
Authors: AlNemer Ghada , Aljoufi Lama Sh. , Ahmed A. M. , Al Mohammady Samir , Zakarya M. , Rezk H. M.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to get the forms of the solutions of the following nonlinear higher‐order difference equations where the initial conditions χ−j, j = 0, 1, 2, …, 3k − 1 and k ∈ {1, 2, …} are arbitrary real numbers. Also, we examine stability, boundedness, oscillation, and the periodic nature of these solutions.
Advances in Research Related to MicroRNA for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Luo Yahan , Li Chunxia
Published: February 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the primary causes of blindness in the working‐age population in Europe and the United States. At present, no cure is available for DR, but early detection and timely intervention can prevent the rapid progression of the disease. Several treatments for DR are known, primarily ophthalmic treatment based on glycemia, blood pressure, and lipid control, which includes laser photocoagulation, glucocorticoids, vitrectomy, and antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) medications. Despite the clinical efficacy of the aforementioned therapies, none of them can entirely shorten the clinical course of DR or reverse retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of gene expression and participate in cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. MicroRNAs have been shown to play a significant role in DR, particularly in the molecular mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to systematically summarize the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in the occurrence and development of DR, mainly from the pathogenesis of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization. Meanwhile, this article also discusses the research progress and application of miRNA‐specific therapies for DR.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Treatment Options for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhao Luqing , Zhao Zhiting , Yan Xiaoqi , Wu Fei , Sun Ning , Guo Renhong , Yu Shaorong , Hu Xiao , Feng Jifeng
Published: February 2024

Background. Based on PACIFIC trial, durvalumab as consolidation therapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) has been a new standard treatment for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical applications, there are heterogeneous adjustments or novel strategies following specialized discussions in experienced multidisciplinary teams. This study retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of different first-line treatments for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients who received first-line treatment for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Comparisons and statistical analyses of treatment were made in terms of efficacy and safety. Adverse events and responses were assessed using CTCAE v5.0 and RECIST v1.1. The progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method or the Cox survival regression model and compared using the log-rank test. Results. In wild-type driver genes group, the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and median PFS (mPFS) were prolonged in the radiotherapy group compared to those in the nonradiotherapy group (ORR: 50.94% vs. 30.06%, p < 0.001; DCR: 98.11% vs. 80.37%, p < 0.001; and mPFS: 21.00 vs. 8.20 months, p < 0.001). The incidence of pneumonia at any grade in the radiotherapy group was higher than that in the nonradiotherapy group (9.43% vs. 2.45%, p = 0.008). In the radiotherapy group, the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus immunotherapy subgroup had longer mPFS than the CRT subgroup, with increased toxicity at any grade (24.60 vs. 17.90 months, p = 0.025, and 83.17% vs. 65.52%, p = 0.011). In the nonradiotherapy group, the DCR and mPFS were higher in the chemotherapy plus immunotherapy subgroup than in the chemotherapy subgroup, with increased toxicity at any grade (DCR: 93.67% vs. 67.86%, p < 0.001; mPFS: 13.53 vs. 5.07 months, p < 0.001; and 68.35% vs. 41.67%, p = 0.001). In the mutant driver genes group, the efficacy did not significantly differ among the radiotherapy subgroup, targeted therapy subgroup, and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy subgroup (ORR: p = 0.633; mPFS: p = 0.450). Conclusions. For unresectable stage III NSCLC patients with wild-type driver genes, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the initial treatment was essential to significantly improve the efficacy. For patients with mutant driver genes, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy showed similar short-term efficacy.
Operational Risk Assessment for the Pollination Service with Apis mellifera Bees in Cashew Crops in Vichada, Colombia
Authors: Castro Mercado Lizeth , Bravo Bastidas Juan José , Osorio Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

The cashew tree relies heavily on the presence of pollinators during the peak receptivity of its flower to facilitate the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma and ensure successful fruit production. Apis mellifera bees play a crucial role as intermediaries in the pollination process of the fruit, simultaneously extracting nectar and pollen from the flowers. The pollination service (PS) is susceptible to various risk factors that, if realized, could impact both the beekeeping industry and cashew production. This article aims to assess the operational risks associated with pollination service for Anacardium occidentale production in Vichada, Colombia, as a strategic measure to safeguard the business’s value. Drawing on expert opinions and relevant literature, nineteen risks were identified, encompassing threats such as fires, thefts, attacks by wild animals, unexpected rains, etc. Following the application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), four risks were prioritized based on their severity and occurrence. Subsequently, Value at Risk (VaR) was employed for risk evaluation. The anticipated loss for the pollination service, resulting from these prioritized risks: 1, 9, 12 and 13, was quantified at $226674 ± $19096 per year for an 8000-hectare margin with a confidence level of 95%. The economic loss for 16000 hectares was $453348 ± $38192. This substantial value is of great significance to the beekeeping sector, translating to a loss of $27.3 per hectare per year and directly impacting the estimated $437824 loss in the cashew sector. Such losses have far-reaching consequences, affecting the livelihoods of peasant beekeepers in the region and potentially discouraging the maintenance of bee colonies and forests.
FIGURE 3 from Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Coleman Niamh , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Janku Filip , Rodon Jordi , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Zhang Shizhen , Sun Ming , Jiang Yunfang , Roszik Jason , Song Juhee , Yuan Ying , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: February 2024

Oncoplot showing mutations and co-occurring alterations in the patients enrolled in this clinical trial.
Table S2 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Amplicon coverage for the custom single cell DNA sequencing panel
FIGURE 1 from Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Coleman Niamh , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Janku Filip , Rodon Jordi , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Zhang Shizhen , Sun Ming , Jiang Yunfang , Roszik Jason , Song Juhee , Yuan Ying , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: February 2024

Trial schema.
Figure S6 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Differences in cell type abundance upon AZA treatment according to hematological improvement (HI) and marrow complete response (mCR)
Figure S4 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Integration of all MDS patient samples and distribution of cell surface markers across cell populations
Figure S10 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Effect of AZA treatment on wild-type cell populations in responder patients
FIGURE 4 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Characterization of BM cell populations of patients with MDS based on scProt-seq data. A, UMAP of BM cells from all MDS samples colored by abundance of the depicted proteins. B, UMAP of BM cells from all MDS samples colored by cell type annotation. C, Cell type proportions at diagnosis and after AZA treatment in responders. *, scCODA FDR <0.1. D, UMAPs at diagnosis and after AZA for all the responder patients. Dx, diagnosis; Aza, after AZA treatment.
FIGURE 2 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Distribution of mutant clones and CNVs at diagnosis in patients with the studied MDS. A, Proportion of mutant clones over all mutant cells at diagnosis in each patient, colored by clone abundance. Upper bar plot illustrates number of clones at diagnosis and the middle bar indicates the response status (green, responders; magenta, nonresponders). Note that patient #10 is not included because no mutant clones were found using our gene panel. B, Number of mutant clones at diagnosis (left); Shannon diversity index computed among mutant clones at diagnosis (middle); predominant mutant clone size with respect to other mutant clones at diagnosis (right). R, responders; NR, nonresponders. C, Percentage of patients with mutations in each gene in the predominant clone at diagnosis (left); Percentage of patients with mutations in each gene in the first clone at diagnosis (right). D, Proportion of responders and nonresponder patients with CHIP mutations (TET2, DNMT3A, and ASXL1) in first (left) and predominant (right) clones at diagnosis. E, Oncoprint of CNVs in the patient cohort at diagnosis. F, Median per amplicon ploidy of the mutant clones for patients with CNVs (patients #2, #3, #5, #8, #9, and #13).
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Patients Treated for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome, or Systemic Sclerosis in a French Rural Region
Authors: Couillard Florence , Parreau Simon , Dumonteil Stéphanie , Ratti Nina , Palat Sylvain , Bezanahary Holy , Liozon Eric , Ly Kim-Heang , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Gondran Guillaume
Published: February 2024

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is composed of a wide range of interventions and frequently used in parallel with conventional medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, modalities, and association factors of CAM utilization in patients treated for systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, or systemic sclerosis. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational study conducted in a French university hospital center. Inclusion criteria were patients followed for systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, or systemic sclerosis. Data were collected with a survey which assessed sociodemographic, disease characteristics, CAM use details, life quality, and anxiety score. Results: A total of 121 patients were included, mostly women (87%), with an average age of 56 years. Proportion of patients seeking CAM was 55%. A total of 186 CAM interventions were recorded: most common were osteopathy, homeopathy, and acupuncture. Patients were looking for well-being (22%), reducing their fatigue (18%) and pain (33%). Concerning physical and mental feeling after CAM use, a subjective improvement was reported in 89% of cases. In multivariate analysis, CAM use by patient was associated with these 3 variables: coming from a Western culture, being professionally active, and having a poor quality of life and anxiety scores. Conclusion and Outlook: This is the first study to focus on CAM use in patients followed for three AID in a French rural region. The current challenge is to enrich conventional medicine with CAM that is effective and safe through supervised programs to move toward an integrative medicine.
NSCLC: Tumorzellen in den Luftwegen jenseits vom Tumorrand haben prognostische Bedeutung
Authors: Lesser Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background: The current accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. However, the accuracy and prognostic value of STAS assessment on frozen sections in small-sized NSCLC (diameter ≤2 cm) is unknown. Methods: Three hundred fifty-two patients with clinical stage I NSCLC (≤2 cm) were included, of which the parafin sections and frozen sections were reviewed. The accuracy of STAS diagnosis in frozen sections was assessed using parafin sections as the gold standard. The relationship between STAS on frozen sections and prognosis was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests. Results: STAS on frozen sections in 58 of 352 patients could not be evaluated. In the other 294 patients, 36.39% (107/294) was STAS-positive on parafin sections and 29.59% (87/294) on frozen sections. The accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of STAS was 74.14% (218/294), sensitivity was 55.14% (59/107), specifcity was 85.02% (159/187) and agreement was moderate (K = 0.418). In subgroup analysis, the Kappa values for frozen section diagnosis of STAS in the consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) ≤0.5 group and CTR > 0.5 group were 0.368, 0.415, respectively. In survival analysis, STAS-positive frozen sections were associated with worse recurrence-free survival in the CTR >0.5 group (P > 0.5) suggests that frozen section assessment of STAS can be applied to the treatment strategy of small-sized NSCLC with CTR > 0.5.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Open Fetal Spina Bifida Repair
Authors: Zepf Julia , Züger Anita , Vonzun Ladina , Rüegg Ladina , Strübing Nele , Krähenmann Franziska , Meuli Martin , Mazzone Luca , Moehrlen Ueli ,   Spina Bifida Study Group Zurich, Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole
Published: February 2024

Introduction: For open fetal spina bifida (fSB) repair, a maternal laparotomy is required. Hence, enhanced maternal recovery after surgery (ERAS) is paramount. A revision of our ERAS protocol was made, including changes in operative techniques and postoperative pain management. This study investigates eventual benefits. Methods: Our study included 111 women with open fSB repair at our center. The old protocol group (group 1) either received a transverse incision of the fascia with transection of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) or a longitudinal incision of the fascia without RAM transection, depending on placental location. The new protocol required longitudinal incisions in all patients (group 2). Postoperative pain management was changed from tramadol to oxycodone/naloxone. Outcomes of the two different protocol groups were analyzed and compared regarding the primary endpoint, the length of hospital stay (LOS) after fetal surgery, as well as regarding the following secondary endpoints: postoperative pain scores, day of first mobilization, removal of urinary catheter, bowel movement, and the occurrence of maternal and fetal complications. Results: Out of 111 women, 82 (73.9%) were in group 1 and 29 (26.1%) were in group 2. Women in group 2 showed a significantly shorter LOS (18 [14–23] days vs. 27 [18–39] days, p = 0.002), duration until mobilization (3 [2–3] days vs. 3 [3–4] days, p = 0.03), and removal of urinary catheter (day 3 [3–3] vs. day 4 [3–4], p = 0.004). Group 2 less often received morphine subcutaneously (0% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) or intravenously (0% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.02) but more often oxycodone (69.0% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen regarding pain scores, bowel movement, and maternal and/or fetal complications. Conclusion: The new ERAS protocol that combined changes in surgical technique and pain medication led to better outcomes while reducing LOS. Continuous revisions of current ERAS protocols are essential to improve patient care continuously.
Indicadores de estado nutricional e desempenho funcional em idosos conforme a trajetória de sintomas depressivos
Authors: Santos Patrícia Honório Silva , Costa Rosely Souza da , Santos Lucas dos , Fernandes Marcos Henrique , Reis Luciana Araújo dos , Brito Thaís Alves , Coqueiro Raildo da Silva , Carneiro José Ailton Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as mudanças nos indicadores antropométricos de estado nutricional e de desempenho funcional em idosos de acordo com a trajetória de sintomas depressivos em três anos de seguimento. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, realizado com 217 idosos em 2011 e 2014. A trajetória dos sintomas depressivos (SD) foi classificada em: livres, incidentes, remissão e recorrente. A incidência de SD em todos os idosos foi 12,0%, a remissão 11,5% e recorrência 5,5%. As idosas livres de SD apresentaram diminuição na circunferência da panturrilha (CP), massa muscular total (MMT) e pior desempenho no teste de caminhada (TC); as com remissão tiveram diminuição na CP e na MMT; e as incidentes e recorrentes demonstraram declínio da MMT (p<0,05). Os idosos livres de SD tiveram diminuição na MMT e pior desempenho no TC; os incidentes apresentaram redução no índice de massa corporal e na CP; enquanto nos remitentes ocorreu diminuição na MMT (p<0,05). A comparação entre os grupos de trajetórias dos sintomas depressivos mostrou que os homens incidentes apresentaram maior redução da CP quando comparados ao livres (p=0,032) e os com remissão demostraram uma redução da MMT comparados aos incidentes (p=0,037). Portanto, os resultados do presente estudo evidenciaram que apenas a redução no indicador CP, no sexo masculino, parece ter sido influenciada pela incidência dos sintomas depressivos.
Formação inicial e profissional do professor de Educação Física na Educação Infantil: significados de uma residência docente
Authors: Vilas Boas Marcos , Ferraz Osvaldo Luiz
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os significados que estudantes-professores de um curso de licenciatura em Educação Física do município de São Paulo atribuem a experiência de uma residência docente na sua formação profissional. Participaram 10 estudantes do 5º e 6º semestres, que cursaram as disciplinas de Educação Física na Educação Infantil I e II. Utilizou-se entrevista com grupo focal (n=5) para a coleta de dados. Empregou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temático Categorial como referência de análise da estrutura interna das categorias e suas relações. Emergiram 4 categorias da análise dos dados. A análise dos resultados aponta que a experiência desta residência docente foi significativa para a formação profissional dos estudantes-professores à medida que entrelaçavam os aprendizados advindos das disciplinas universitárias às situações e problemas vivenciados na escola campo. Ainda, identifica-se a importância da construção de uma base de conhecimentos profissionais que possibilite ao estudante-professor, frente às demandas que a prática profissional impõe, mobilizar conhecimentos para uma ação contextualizada, permitindo a (re)construção da prática para uma ação que está por vir.
Como iniciar a Ginástica Rítmica? Perspectivas de treinadoras medalhistas em campeonatos brasileiros
Authors: Oliveira Laura de , Nunomura Myrian
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar os métodos de ensino abordados na iniciação esportiva (IE) competitiva da Ginástica Rítmica (GR). Aplicamos a entrevista semiestruturada com seis treinadoras das categorias de base das instituições medalhistas nos Campeonatos Brasileiros de GR 2019. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizamos a análise temática. Dentre os temas que emergiram, discutimos nesse artigo o tema 1: “Métodos de ensino na GR: Opções e caminhos inevitáveis”. Identificamos e analisamos os métodos de ensino abordados pelas treinadoras, a saber: a) a prática do todo, que une os movimentos corporais à manipulação dos aparelhos; b) o método parcial, que separa os movimentos corporais da manipulação dos aparelhos; c) os processos pedagógicos, que consistem no aperfeiçoamento técnico de movimentos fracionados e realizados progressivamente; d) a ajuda manual, à qual o treinador presta assistência física direta às ginastas; e) o estilo de ensino recíproco, em que as ginastas executam sua tarefa e avaliam a tarefa das colegas; f) o estilo de ensino por comando, em que as crianças reproduzem o movimento orientado ou executado pela treinadora ou ginastas mais experientes e; g) o estilo de ensino por descoberta dirigida, em que as ginastas exploram os aparelhos sob orientação das treinadoras. Consideramos que o método mais apropriado seria aquele que se ajustasse ao tempo, condições e necessidades dos aprendizes. Então, desenvolver o ensino de qualidade, que interesse à ginasta, valorize suas potencialidades, compreenda-a e auxilie-a em suas fragilidades, implicaria na prolongação da sua carreira e preservaria sua motivação e saúde.
Paraibaneidade: olhares sobre a escrita da história da Paraíba e a construção de uma identidade local
Authors: Raposo Thiago Acácio
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir as produções historiográficas sobre a Paraíba colonial e parte do período imperial, problematizando as posturas e proposituras do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Paraíba (IHGP) e de outros grupos que se dedicaram a escrever a história deste Estado. Tomamos aqui por base as discussões suscitadas por Margarida Mª Santos Dias (1996), nos quatro primeiros capítulos de seu livro “Intrepida Ab Origine”. O Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Paraíba objetivou por construir a história deste estado atrelado a um projeto para a construção de uma identidade local distinta do restante do país, a assim chamada: paraibaneidade. Ao longo do trabalho analisamos algumas produções que tratam da história da Paraíba e desconstroem algumas visões construídas pelo IHGP, no sentido de repensar e refletir acerca dos processos históricos formadores do Estado da Paraíba.
A Religiosidade no Campo e a Festa do Divino Espírito Santo: das Origens Pagãs às Ressignificações Sorocabanas
Authors: Pastre Lucas Landim Castroviejo , Collaço José Roberto Americo
Published: February 2024

Tomando a festa do Divino Espírito Santo como exemplo de religiosidade no campo, manifesta através do catolicismo rústico e sua dinâmica pautada no campesinato, procurou-se encontrar referências que pudessem analogicamente conectar certas tradições dessa festividade aos antigos elementos de culto pagão. Mediante o agradecimento e / ou pedido de fartura envolto da figura sacralizada do alimento dentro da festa, identificamos a sua correlação com os remotos cultos da fertilidade. Cada festa possui as suas próprias especificidades. A pesquisa atentou-se para aquelas realizadas na região de Sorocaba – SP. Recorreu-se a uma vasta revisão bibliográfica (feita em Museus, Bibliotecas e Universidades) pautada em autores especializados no tema, além de uma rica entrevista com José Rubens Incáo, pesquisador e diretor da Biblioteca Infantil Municipal de Sorocaba “Renato Sêneca de Sá Fleury”. Buscou-se mostrar como a festa sorocabana teve o seu auge no período das tropas e feiras de muares e hoje, em declínio, encontra-se tímida e amplamente ressignificada. A essência que fundamenta a festa do Divino persiste no tempo, porém, de forma singela, sem a mesma pomposidade de outrora. A religiosidade que permeia a fé no Divino Espírito Santo continua a guardar suas manifestações de gratidão e fartura, uma referência clara e direta aos alicerces pré-cristãos que também foram estudados aqui em nossos relatos.
New Trechini of the Nannotrechus lineage (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Caucasus and Crimea
Authors: BELOUSOV IGOR A.
Published: February 2024

Two new genera and three new species of the tribe Trechini belonging to the Nannotrechus complex are described from the Caucasus and Crimea: Paracimmerites capitatus sp. n. from the vicinity of the Gtatshev Pass (Krasnodar Region), Titarenkites obovatus gen. n., sp. n. from the Ofitsari Mountain Ridge (Eastern Mingrelia) and Tauridites yunakovi gen. n., sp. n. from the Stilya-Bogaz Pass (Crimea). New data on the distribution of Paracimmerites nanus Belousov, 1998 are given, and the collecting sites of the two known species of this genus are mapped. The new monotypic genera possess specific combinations of taxonomically important characters which made it necessary to reconsider generic taxa of the complex in question and to update the key to their identification. A parsimony analysis of all described taxa based on the morphological characters revealed that the Crimean genus Tauridites gen. n. is a sister group to the Caucasian Porocimmerites, on the one hand, and the common clade of Cimmerites and Paracimmerites, on the other, while Titarenkites gen. n. is one of the basal taxa of the nannotrechoid lineage with uncertain phylogenetic position. The basal clades of the entire Nannotrechus complex are localized in the Crimea, Western Turkey, and Central Caucasus with adjacent areas of the Western Caucasus, although relationships between these clades have not been reliably resolved based on the morphological characters.
List of the flea species of the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, with new records and a new species of Strepsylla Traub, 1950 (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae: Neopsyllinae: Phalacropsyllini)
Authors: ACOSTA ROXANA , MORRONE JUAN J. , HERNÁNDEZ CESAR F. , FERNÁNDEZ JESÚS A.
Published: February 2024

A total of 45 flea species, assigned to 22 genera, are documented for the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Fourteen records are new for the state, five species are recorded for the first time for the country and the state, and the number of species of Mexico is increased to 177 species. Chihuahua now has 25.4% of the total flea species registered for the country. A new species of the genus Strepsylla is described from specimens from the Flora and Fauna Protection Area Cerro del Mohinora, in the northwestern part of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Strepsylla mohinora sp. nov. is included in a published taxonomic key for the species of Strepsylla.
Characterizing Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Sinusitis in a Large Health Care System: From Primary Care to Otolaryngology
Authors: Hornung Christopher M. , Ganti Ashwin , Lunos Scott , Tyler Matthew A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Variations in management of sinusitis in primary care settings can be associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions and delays in treatment. The objective of this study was to identify patient and provider characteristics associated with possible inaccurate diagnosis and management of sinusitis.

Methods:

We performed a cross-sectional retrospective analysis using an established regional healthcare database of patients who received a diagnosis of sinusitis between 2011 and 2022 from a non-otolaryngologist provider. Patient’s comorbidities, insurance status, chronicity of sinusitis, and prescriptions were included. We noted if patients were referred to an otolaryngology practice and if they received a diagnosis of sinusitis from an otolaryngologist.

Results:

We analyzed 99 581 unique patients and 168 137 unique encounters. The mean age was 41.5 (±20.4 years) and 35.7% were male. Most patients had private insurance (88.5%), acute sinusitis (81.2%), and were seen at a primary care office (97.8%). Approximately 30% of patients were referred to an otolaryngology practice for sinusitis. Of referred patients, 50.6% did not receive a diagnosis of sinusitis from an otolaryngology practice. Patients without a sinusitis diagnosis by an otolaryngology practice received significantly more mean courses of antibiotics (5.04 vs 2.39, P < .0001) and oral steroids (3.53 vs 2.08, P < .0001).

Conclusions:

Over half of the patients referred to an otolaryngology practice from primary care for sinusitis did not receive a diagnosis of sinusitis from an otolaryngology practice. Further research should investigate implications for increased healthcare costs and inappropriate prescription trends associated with the management of sinusitis.