bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life for Adult Stroke Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Bagus Kurniawan , Chayati Nur
Published: May 2022

Stroke is a disease that causes permanent disability. Disability in stroke patients dramatically affects the patient's quality of life. Nurses need to assess the quality of life of stroke patients. This review aims to identify the quality of life of adult stroke patients and the factors that influence it. The research method uses a literature review approach and a systematic selection process based on search results from databases: Pub Med Sciencedirect Scopus and Ebsco with the keywords Cerebrovascular, Stroke in adult, Quality of life, Health-Related, Quality Of Life. Of the 1817 articles that matched the keywords, screening was carried out based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and nine articles were obtained for review. From the nine articles, it was found that there was a decrease in the quality of life in stroke patients with a low level of quality of life. The main factors that affect the quality of life are physical domains: young age, the same sex between men and women, disability, and the type of hemorrhagic stroke is a type of stroke that causes the low quality of life. In the psychological domain: anxiety and depression experienced by stroke patients. In the social domain: education level, family support, and health and socio-economic support. In the environmental domain: length of hospital stay. The physical domain factor is the most significant factor that causes the low quality of life of stroke patients in adulthood.
Brassica Oleracea Alcoholic Extract on Vitamin D3 Level and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in Albino Male Rats Treated with Paracetamol
Authors: Rasoul Wafaa Mohammed Ridha Abdel , Jwad Dr. Saher Mahmood
Published: May 2022

This work was carried out in labs of University of Kufa, beginning 1/10/2021 to 1/12/2021, and was conducted by following up on (28) albino male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain at the age of three months to determine the efficiency of the alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea flowers in the prevention of the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the weights of rats ranged between 216-246, and then alienated into four assembly s for every assembly of 7 rats, where the first assembly was a control orally dosed with tap water, and the second assembly was salted with paracetamol concentration 2000 mg / kg orally, either the third assembly was certain the alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea flowers at a concentration of 500 mg/kg and the drug was certain at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg orally, while the last assembly was administrated with the alcoholic extract only through the mouth. Furthermore, the treatment continued for a period of (60) days, in the morning (at half past eight), once a day. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters such as flats of vitamin D3, calcium, phosphate, creatinine, urea. The conclusion is the alcoholic extract of broccoli flowers has shown a protective role against the pathological effects of the drug, and this may be explained by its active chemical antioxidant components.
Macroeconomic Performance Analysis of Selected Indian Mutual Funds
Authors: T. Kusuma , J.P. Dr. Senthil Kumar
Published: May 2022

Investors in India have various investment options from mutual funds to make a profit. Among other financial instruments, investing in mutual funds ensures that investors are exposed to the least risk and receive the highest possible return. As more focus is placed on increasing domestic savings and improving investment diversification, mutual fund operations' demand for and scope has grown. As a result, it became critical to research the mutual fund industry and its performance. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of a few selected Indian mutual fund schemes based on their daily net asset value (NAV) over ten years from 2012 to 2021. The study will use a sample of ten open-ended, growth-oriented equity funds. Regression and correlation analysis were used to find the funds' performance of macro economic factors, and the results will help investors make smarter investment decisions. This study concludes that inflation, interest rates, GDP, and Net Asset Value of Equity mutual funds all have a 0.8 percent impact on fund's performance based on the determination coefficient.
An Improvised Random Forest Model for Breast Cancer Classification
Authors: Mathew Dr. Tina Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Breast Cancer is considered as the most common cancer in females with high incidence rate. The evolution of modern facilities has helped in reducing the mortality rate, yet the incidence is still the highest among all cancers affecting women. Early diagnosis is a predominant factor for survival. Hence techniques to assist the current modalities are essential. Machine learning techniques have been used so as to produce better prediction and classification models which will aid in better and earlier disease diagnosis and classification. Random Forest is a supervised machine learning classifier that helps in better classification. Random Forests are applied to the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset and the performance of the classifier is evaluated for breast cancer classification. Here in this study an improvised random forest model which uses a cost sensitive learning approach for classification is proposed and it is found to have a better performance than the traditional random forest approach. The model gave an accuracy of 97.51%.
COMPENSATION SYSTEM OF WAQF LAND ACQUIRED FOR DEVELOPING PUBLIC INTEREST
Authors: Wahanisa Rofi , Suhadi Suhadi , Niravita Aprila
Published: May 2022

A number of activities related to land acquisition for public interest use waqf. The principle of waqf is derived from Islamic Law in which wakif (the owner) donates waqf (in the form of land) to nazhir (the manager of the edified property) for worship purposes. The problems in this paper consist of whether there is a system regarding waqf land acquired for public interest, and how compensation and supervision are given regarding waqf land acquired for developing public interest. Using normative legal research with legislation and conceptual approach, this paper argues that acquisition of waqf land is regulated in Law No. 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Developing Public Interest and Law No. 41/2004 on Waqf. it is regulated that compensation will be given to nazhir for waqf land acquired. It also regulates that the status of waqf land can be changed into non-waqf one for public interest through exchange mechanism. In order to provide legal certainty over waqf land acquired for public interest, legislation on land acquisition needs to be harmonized with legislation on waqf.
BETWEEN LEGAL RISK AND SHARIA RISK IN ISLAMIC BANKING: HOW SHARIAH GOVERNANCE ADDRESS THE PROBLEM
Authors: Karimah Iffah
Published: May 2022

Islamic Bank has unique risk due to its Sharia-compliance principles. Two of risksknown in Islamic Banking are legal risk and sharia risk. This paper aims to explain the legal risk and sharia risk faced by Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Moreover, this paper also will discuss the cause of these risks and its mitigation strategy using Shariah Governance concept. This paper using literature studies from previous research and existing regulation in Indonesia. This research shows that Islamic Banking in Indonesia has unique legal risks and sharia risk due to its adherence to a dual law system: shariah law and national law. There are several causes of legal risk and sharia risk in Islamic Banking in Indonesia, such as lack of supporting legal system and regulation, lack of standardization contract in Islamic Banking, and lack of Court Systems to resolve Islamic Banking’sproblem. Moreover, there are severalissues on the product development process in Islamic Bank. In addition, this paper explores the role of Shariah Governance such as Sharia Supervisory Body and National Shariah Board as a solution to address the problem stemming from legal risk and sharia risk.
DSON
Authors: Rinberg Arik , Solomon Tomer , Shlomo Roee , Khazma Guy , Lushi Gal , Keidar Idit , Ta-Shma Paula
Published: May 2022

We propose DSON, a space efficient δ-based CRDT approach for distributed JSON document stores, enabling high availability at a global scale, while providing
strong
eventual consistency guarantees. We define the semantics of our CRDT based approach formally, and prove its correctness and convergence. Previous approaches optimize for collaborative document editing and store metadata proportional to the number of updates to a document, which is not acceptable for long lived document management. The metadata stored with our approach is bounded by
O
(
k
2
D
+
n
log
n
), where
n
is the number of replicas,
D
is the number of document elements, and
k
≤
n
is the number of concurrent document updates. We also implement our approach[37] and demonstrate its space efficiency empirically. Experimental analysis shows that the metadata stored is typically significantly less than the worst case. This provides the basis for robust highly available distributed document stores with well defined semantics and safety guarantees, relieving application developers from the burden of conflict resolution.
The effect of brain serotonin deficiency on breathing is magnified by age
Authors: Pho Huy , Amorim Mateus R. , Qiu Qingchao , Shin Mi‐Kyung , Kim Lenise J. , Anokye‐Danso Frederick , Jun Jonathan J. , Ahima Rexford S. , Branco Luiz G. S. , Kuhn Donald M. , Mateika Jason H. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y.
Published: May 2022

Serotonin is an important mediator modulating behavior, metabolism, sleep, control of breathing, and upper airway function, but the role of aging in serotonin‐mediated effects has not been previously defined. Our study aimed to examine the effect of brain serotonin deficiency on breathing during sleep and metabolism in younger and older mice. We measured breathing during sleep, hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), CO2 production (VCO2), and O2 consumption (VO2) in 16–18‐week old and 40–44‐week old mice with deficiency of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), which regulates serotonin synthesis specifically in neurons, compared to Tph2+/+ mice. As expected, aging decreased VCO2 and VO2. Tph2 knockout resulted in an increase in both metabolic indexes and no interaction between age and the genotype was observed. During wakefulness, neither age nor genotype had an effect on minute ventilation. The genotype did not affect hypercapnic sensitivity in younger mice. During sleep, Tph2−/− mice showed significant decreases in maximal inspiratory flow in NREM sleep, respiratory rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation in REM sleep, compared to wildtype, regardless of age. Neither serotonin deficiency nor aging affected the frequency of flow limited breaths (a marker of upper airway closure) or apneas. Serotonin deficiency increased the amount and efficiency of sleep only in older animals. In conclusion, younger Tph2−/− mice were able to defend their ventilation and phenotypically did not differ from wildtype during wakefulness. In contrast, both young and old Tph2−/− mice showed sleep‐related hypoventilation, which was manifested by hypoxemia during REM sleep.
Effects of chemical-based fertilizer replacement with biochar-based fertilizer on albic soil nutrient content and maize yield
Authors: Yin Dawei , Yang Xiangyu , Wang Haize , Guo Xiaohong , Wang Shiqiang , Wang Zhihui , Ding Guohua , Yang Guang , Zhang Jianing , Jin Liang , Lan Yu
Published: May 2022

Biochar-based fertilizers are used to improve soil’s physiochemical and biological properties and increase fertilizer utilization rate. Therefore, a technological model of biochar-based fertilizers is essential for the reduced application. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the different levels of biochar-based fertilizer applications on soil and plant nutrient content, as well as maize yield. Biochar-based fertilizer increased the total N content of maize stem and kernel and the total P content of maize axis and kernel. Biochar-based fertilizer increased the total P but decreased the total K of maize plants while increasing the fertilizer’s partial productivity. Treatment B1 (600.00 kg hm−2 of biochar-based fertilizer) increased the dry-matter weight of the maize at silking and filling stages by 1.60 and 15.83%. Treatment B1 increased the ear length, diameter, and plant height. Compared with BCK (600.00 kg hm−2 of conventional fertilizer), the yield of B1 was increased by 9.23%, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Biochar-based fertilizer treatments B2–B5 (biochar-based fertilizer reduced by 5–20%) reduced maize yield, but there was no significant difference between their yield and BCK. This study aimed to provide a basic understanding and reference for maize fertilizer reduction with good application prospects.
The stopped clock model
Authors: Ferreira Helena , Ferreira Marta
Published: May 2022

The extreme value theory presents specific tools for modeling and predicting extreme phenomena. In particular, risk assessment is often analyzed through measures for tail dependence and high values clustering. Despite technological advances allowing an increasingly larger and more efficient data collection, there are sometimes failures in the records, which causes difficulties in statistical inference, especially in the tail where data are scarcer. In this article, we present a model with a simple and intuitive failures scheme, where each record failure is replaced by the last record available. We will study its extremal behavior with regard to local dependence and high values clustering, as well as the temporal dependence on the tail.
Improvement of buckwheat noodles quality via differential pressure explosion puffing (DPEP): cooking and structural quality
Authors: Li Shuhong , Niu Haili , Gao Ying , Kan Zhuorui , Jiang Lan , Li Xiuxiu , Chen Ye
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the poor formability and taste, a method of buckwheat noodles via differential pressure explosion puffing (DPEP) pre-gelatinization was developed. The effects of DPEP on gelatinization properties of buckwheat flour was investigated. The textural properties, sensory evaluation, cross section morphology, crystal structure, thermodynamic properties and simulated digestion in vitro of buckwheat noodles were characterized. The results indicated that DPEP treatment was beneficial for the texture properties and sensory evaluation, while the cooking loss rate and broken rate of noodles were reduced to 16.31% and 6.28%. The crystal structure of starch in noodles pretreated via DPEP form a more compact structure and enhanced the water holding capacity. DPEP reduced the digestibility in vitro of the noodles. The level of rapidly digestible starch reduced to 15.6%, slowly digestible starch and resistant starch increased to 21.6% and 62.8%, which made the buckwheat noodles have potential to improve health of diabetics.
The effect of using different fibres on the impact-resistance of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON)
Authors: Jerry Ali Hassan , Fawzi Nada Mahdi
Published: May 2022

Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) is a modern type of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC). It has unique properties; SIFCON is superior in compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact resistance, energy absorption and ductility. Because of this superiority in these characteristics, SIFCON was qualified for applications of special structures, which require resisting sudden dynamic loads such as explosions and earthquakes. The main aim of this investigation is to determine the effect of fibre type on the apparent density of SIFCON and on performance under impact load. In this investigation, hook-end steel fibre and polyolefin fibre were used. Purely once and hybrid in different portions again. After reviewing previous research, including [1, 2, 3] references three trail mixes were tested with a volume fraction of fibres (4, 6 and 8)%, and after testing them, a volume fraction of 6% was chosen. We chose the volume fraction of 6% and made the type of fibre the variable for comparison in this research. In hybrid fibres this fraction was divided once 2/3 steel fibres with 1/3 polyolefin fibres and vice versa. The specimens of the Impact resistance test were made with two specimens for each series, which are panels with dimensions of 50×50×5 cm. Three cubes were made for each series in the SIFCON apparent density test. Test results prove SIFCON produced from 2/3 polyolefin and 1/3 steel fibres achieved a good density reduction that contributes to reducing the self-weight of the structural element, which is a major aim in this investigation, reducing cost and maintaining high impact resistance.
Thinking with Faith, Thinking as Faith: What Comes After Onto-theo-logy?
Authors: Caputo John D.
Published: May 2022

Despite Heidegger’s constant claims to the contrary, thinking is not opposed to faith. Indeed, against his own intentions, Heidegger’s critique of onto-theo-logy, which breaks the grip of modernity, issues in a faith more radically conceived. This faith is the thinking, this thinking is the faith that becomes possible in the post-secular space which Heidegger’s critique of modernity opens. Although the great medieval theologians like Augustine and Aquinas are not onto-theo-logians in a strict sense, they, along with the whole history of metaphysics, fall under its wider sense of any centered and foundational discourse. But any discourse that eludes onto-theo-logy in the wider sense finds itself embracing a faith, not reducible to belief, where thinking is a form of faith and faith is a form of thinking. Derrida’s “Circumfession,” a paradigmatic post-ontotheological discourse, is a work of prayer and a confession of faith in the open-endedness of the event, an un-programmable future (à venir). This text communicates with Heidegger thinking the “open,” the “promise” of language, of the Zukunft embedded in the Herkunft, constituting the “piety of thinking.”
Latest developments on the synthesis of bioactive organotellurium scaffolds
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Sharma Aditi , Kaur Gurpreet , Priya Anu , Kaur Manmeet , Singh Arvind
Published: May 2022

This review deals with the latest developments on the synthesis of biologically promising organotellurim scaffolds reported during last two decades.
Application of organic gas steam-liquid extraction system for extraction and separation of uranium from water samples as a new efficient method
Authors: Sharifkhani Samira M. , Yaftian Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Majid Haji , Zolfonoun Ehsan , Kakaei Saeed
Published: May 2022

In this study, for the first time the organic gas steam-liquid extraction (OGS-LE) method is used as a simple, efficient and scalable to industrial application technique for the extraction and separation of uranium (VI) from aqueous samples. OGS-LE is done by a special handmade extraction cell. In this method, the organic solvent vapor produced in the evaporator unit is introduced into the aqueous sample by using nitrogen as a carrier gas. By inserting the vapor bubbles of the organic solvent into the aqueous sample, the organic solvent dissolves in water and the organic solvent concentration in water reaches supersaturation. During this process, equilibrium occurs between the dissolved organic solvent and the insoluble organic solvent, and it is collected on top of the aqueous phase. Uranium has been extracted with cyanex 272 and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as extractant into n-heptane from the alkaline aqueous media by the OGS-LE method. Cyanex 272 and TBAB were used as the complexing ligand and the ion pairing reagent, respectively. The mechanism of extraction was proposed depending on the deprotonating of cyanex 272 and ionic interaction with the quaternary ammonium bases. Face Central Composite Design (FCCD) was used to evaluate the effect of various factors. Under the optimized conditions, uranium extraction could be completed in a single stage with the extraction efficiency of more than 90% from an aqueous solution containing alkali, alkaline Earth and transition metal ions. The precision, obtained by performing five replicates under the optimized conditions, was 90.12% ± 0.75% (percentage of extraction ± RSD).
Extracted saponin from Anabasis setifera plant as a biosurfactant for stabilization of oil in water (O/W) nano-emulsion based on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) kernel oil
Authors: Rigi Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

Saponin was extracted from the Anabasis setifera plant and used to stabilize an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion based on date palm kernel oil. Different amounts of the extracted saponin were used with a constant oil concentration (1.5% w/w). The droplet size distribution, emulsion droplet size value (d-ave), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the emulsions were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). These parameters were measured and compared after seven days of emulsion preparation. The best results (d-ave = 41.7 nm, PDI = 0.1 and zeta potential = −29.8 mV) were obtained for the CMC of saponin. Both the oil and the surfactant were specifically extracted and used from the nature of Saravan in the Baluchestan region of Iran. This research presents a green and cost-effective aspect for potential formulations of nano-emulsions that can be used in the food and cosmetic industries.
Summary of the e pigraphic examinations performed on stone carved inscriptions made in the M edieval Transdanubia
Authors: Várady Zoltán
Published: May 2022

The Romanesque inscriptions (with Antiqua letters then more and more Uncials) have appeared at about 1000 A.D. in Hungary. This style has lasted until the middle of the 13 th century. The early Gothic style (with the domination of Uncials) appears just after the mid poin t of the 12 th century and also lasts until the middle of the 13 th century. Gothic maiuscula characters were first found in Transdanubia on stones carved in the first half of the 14 th century, but the oldest such inscription found could be dated 1289 in Hun gary. The end of its use dated about 1400. The first relic proving the apparition of the new style of Gothic minuscule in Hungary is a tombstone fragment found in Buda, traced back to 1366.The period of the carved Gothic minuscule writing ended at the midd le of the 15 th century, although some late provincial versions made in 1524 or later. The first known stone carved inscription done in humanistic capitals dates from 1467. The different versions of this type are also observed and persist until 1539 40 or longer, i.e. to the historical end mark of the area.
Centralization and the Importance of Legatine Activity under the Pontificate of Alexander III (1159-1181)
Authors: Kondor Márta
Published: May 2022

By the end of the eleventh century the Church, leaving behind its provincial epoch, became a centralized institution, a Papal Church which certainly helped the Holy See to develop into a dangerous rival of the im perial “model” of lay power . Although the faithful in the West were subjected to the authority of the pope, enormous geographical distances and political conflicts made it difficult for the curia to enforce this authority on its subjects. The papal legates offered not only the opportunity of continuous correspondence but they, as representatives of the pope, were also important means of the centralized government. The present paper aims at studying the role of papal legates through a case study on the archb ishopric of Spalato in the time of Pope Alexander III (1159-1181).
Ausländer in den ungarischen Dom und Stiftskapiteln während des Spätmittelalters (1301 1526)
Authors: Fedeles Tamás
Published: May 2022

In the late medieval Hungary many clerics of foreign origin held beneficies of small er or greater value. Despite of the bans on holding beneficies by foreigners which first were recorded in the late 14 th century, some 300 foreigners enjoyed such ecclesiastical remunerations in the time span indicated above. Among them there were royal phys icans, papal diplomats, tax collectors, etc. The aim of the paper is to highlight their role and importance in the Medieval Hungarian Chapters.
НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЕ СТРАНИЦЫБИОГРАФИИ ГАЛИЦКОГО БОЯРИНА BOЛOДИСЛАВА КОРМИЛЬЧИЧА (1210–1232 гг.)
Authors: Voloshchuk Myroslav
Published: May 2022

In the paper is presented one of person of the Hungarian — Galichian connections at the beginning of 13th century, Volodislav Kormilchich. In the historiography he mentioned as one of the Galichian boyars and his stay in Hungary between 1214-1232. In the most of cases there is to read in the literature Volodislav Kormilchich died in the Hungarian prison. The author- based on two diplomas -discusses this popular meaning about it. Volodislav had a private property in Hungary (Pagran village), that'way author supposes Volodislav belonged to the Hungarian nobilities of a middle range.
A short overview of stone-inscriptions using the humanistic capitalis typeface
Authors: Várady Zoltán
Published: May 2022

This essay is looking over the use of Humanist capitalis letter types in the first Renaissance period in the Hungarian Kingdom. In the case of stone inscriptions, the Humanist capitalis letter remained the most characteristic type from 1467 till the historical epoch-marking year of 1541. Its provincial variations appeared in the country at the beginning of the 16th century and became widely accepted till the 20th century. The excessive use of ligatures and enclaves became more marked after 1500 and they were fashionable till 1541. The type called early Humanist capitalis can be observed on a seal of King Matthias from 1472. Its general usage can be dated to the first decades of the 16th century.
Papal–Hungarian relations in the late twelfth century
Authors: Hunyadi Zsolt
Published: May 2022

The one the most important accelerators of the development of the military-religious orders was the series of privileges they got hold of from the 1130s onwards. The privileges exempted the orders from the novalia and labores-tithe as well as these provided burial rights and alike. Similar to the Western European situation, these privileges led to a tension with the local clergy which manifested by the Third Lateran Council in 1179. The papal privileges given to the Templars and Hospitallers settled in the Kingdom of Hungary clearly reflect on this situation.
Italicis oris Germana in regna tulisti / Castalides
Authors: Klecker Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

Italicis oris Germana in regna tulisti / Castalides. The reception of humanist poetry at Vienna university in the early 16th century. In 1512 Adrian Wolfhard (1491 – 1545), a Transylvanian Saxon graduated magister in 1511, published a lengthy hexametric poem (Panegyris, Viennae: Singrenius – Vietor) in praise of Emperor Maximilian I. The eulogy of the emperor concentrates on his humanist learning and promotion of humanist studies. Echoing Conrad Celtis’ famous ode, Wolfhard praises Maximilian for having introduced Apollo and the Muses into his German speaking territories. Apart from its emphasis on humanist studies, the Panegyris assembles stock items of encomiastic poetry, it lacks concreteness and betrays the author’s unfamiliarity with Maximilian’s actual political objectives. On closer inspection, its patchwork character results from a deliberate interweaving of imitations: Wolfhard heavily relies on the first epic poem dedicated to Maximilian and his father Emperor Frederick III (Helius Quinctius Aemilianus Cimbriacus, Encomiastica, Strassburg 1512), he furthermore alludes to a congratulatory address on the occasion of Maximilian’s election to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire (Ermolao Barbaro, Oratio ad Federicum Imperatorem et Maximilianum Regem Romanorum, principes invictissimos) and possibly to Janus Pannonius, Ad imperatorem Caesarem Fridericum Tertium pro pacanda Italia. Despite the clumsiness of some of Wolfhard’s adaptations, the idea behind them is not devoid of originality: By taking over slightly modified key passages from humanist predecessors Wolfhard evidently wished to put into practice the concept of a translatio studii; the textual transpositions were meant to be recognized by a University audience and should serve to illustrate the successful transfer of humanism from Italy to Vienna.
Die Prädialisten (kirchlichen Edlen) des Kapitels Wesprim im 14. Jahrhundert
Authors: Farkas Péter
Published: May 2022

The nobles of the Church of the chapter of Veszprém in the fourteenth century

The purpose of this article is the discussion of the nobles of the Church belonging to the chapter of Veszprém (in Veszprém, Somogy and Zala counties) in the 13th–14th centuries with regard to taxation, litigation and landholding. For most of time, these nobles of the Church initially came from the estates of the Church itself but later they arrived in large numbers from outside the institutional framework of the majority. Legal and economic differences can be detected among the nobles of the Church.
Der Einfluss der Papsturkunden auf die Schreiben der päpstlichen delegierten Richter in Ungarn in der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Barabás Gábor
Published: May 2022

The influence of papal mandates on the charters of Hungarian papal judge-delegates in the first half of the thirteenth century

The paper is a short contribution to the research on the influence that papal literacy exerted on the charters of Hungarian papal judge-delegates in the first half of the 13th century. The main aim of this topic is to identify how and to what extent the characteristics of papal mandates were reflected in the phrases of the relevant Hungarian documents. Furthermore, is it also important to examine how the delegates expressed the importance of their papal authorisation.
Causae coram nobis ventilatae
Authors: Kovács Viktória
Published: May 2022

Causae coram nobis ventilatae. Contributions to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the papal legate, Gentilis de Monteflorum (1308–1311)

This paper provides a contribution to the history of papal legations in Hungary at the beginning of the 14th century. The main aim of the study is to introduce the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the cardinal-legate, Gentilis de Monteflorum in Hungary in the period (1308–1311) and identify the existence or the absence of a systematic case managing. Especially important are in this respect the types of cases, their nature, significance, and the delegated clericals who were committed to decide these cases.
Birth of the palatine branch of the Garai family The early history of the Dorozsma genus (1269–1375)
Authors: Árvai Tünde
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this paper is to present that period of the history of the Dorozsma genus which started with it being mentioned for the first time (1269) and finished with the appointment of Nicholas to the office of palatine (1375). In this early time the genus disintegrated to branches and families which shared their hereditary possessions, performed military and diplomatic missions. They could start a conscious lordship-construction out of the estates they got from the king for their loyal service. Prosperous kinship and lord-in-waiting (familiaris) relationships were formed. The presentation of all these factors can hopefully expose the premises that preceded the “success-story” of the palatine branch of the Garai family in the middle of the 14th century.
Magdeburg/Poznań and Gniezno
Authors: Kiss Gergely
Published: May 2022

The present work aims to study one of the basic problem of the medieval Polish ecclesiastical hierarchy, the formation of the first (arch)bishopric centers, the construction process of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Two different level are to be distingished in this process, the first, the foundation of Poznań supported by Otto I’s imperial-eccliastical policy which attached the Polish territories to Magdeburg and the imperial hierarchy. On a second level, around the first millenium, the foundation of the archbishopric seat at Gniezno, by Otto III referrs to a new imperial and ecclesiasical idea, the development of the Orbis Christianus by the organization of independent ecclesiastical province of Poland. The present study examinates also if this double level has influenced the further development of the hierarchy and contributed to the dichotomy which is clearly detected in the 12th century.
Personal Network of the Neapolitan Angevins and Hungary (1290–1304)
Authors: Báling Péter
Published: May 2022

The paper tries to uncover the Angevin – Hungarian relations during a chaotic period in the Hungarian history. The main goal of the study is to examine the personal network built by the Sicilian King Charles II in order to ensure the succession of his descendants on the Hun-garian throne. The Hungarian nobles and prelates put the son of the Bohemian King up against them. Both parties used all means that were at their disposal to ensure the loyalty of the barons: donation of land and title was the most common way to do so. However the Bohemian Prince fled the country and it seems that the House Anjou could utilize its per-sonal relations better. The paper tries to answer the forthcoming question: could the per-sonal acquaintances of Angevins have a role in this?
1367 Pécs/Fünfkirchen
Authors: Fedeles Tamás
Published: May 2022

Among the universities, which were established around the European continent gradually from the second half of the 14th century, we have to highlight the role of Pécs within the Kingdom of Hungary. The University of Pécs (studium generale) was founded in 1367 by William of Koppenbach (1361–1347), who played an essential role in the operation of the institution. The most important objective of the establishment of the university was that the diplomats of the king (contemporarily King Louis I the Great) would be able to study in the territory of Hungary instead of the Italian cities. Self-evidently, the costs of studying at a local university proved to be much lower than spending years in the well-known Italian cities such as Bologna and Padova. As an ecclesiastical seat, Pécs offered an excellent opportunity for the development of a newly-established institution. The cathedral chapter school and the library also had an important role in the foundation. In my paper I will discuss the most important details regarding the short history of the medieval university of Pécs.
Die Teilungen der Murinsel-Herrschaft der Familie Zrínyi im 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Végh Ferenc
Published: May 2022

The present paper is a contribution to the research of the Muraköz/Međimurje (also known as Csáktornya/Čakovec) domain of the Zrínyis’ that took up almost the entire territory of the Drava-Mura-triangle in the early modern times. The frontier domain acquired in 1546 was the „jewel” of the Hungarian-Croatian aristocratic family’s cross border stock of pos-sessions, making up about nearly half of its value. The study attempts to sketch the eventful history of possession of the domain until 1691, emphasizing its obvious similarities to the Zrínyis’ Slavonian estates lying on the Kulpa/Kupa river.
Cardinal’s familia as a Network in the 13th Century
Authors: Kiss Gergely
Published: May 2022

The present paper aimes to examine the first Hungarian cardinal, Stephen Báncsa’s family. It uses the term familia in a large sense involving both bood relatives and members of the court being in official relations with the cardinal as well. The paper presents the composition of the family, its functioning as a personal network which had a several influence on beneficiary policy and university studies as well.
Les relations de Charles Ier de Hongrie avec la papauté (1301–1342)
Authors: Maléth Ágnes
Published: May 2022

Descendant of the Neapolitan Anjou dynasty, Charles I succeeded to the Hungarian throne in 1301. In spite of his initial fights with the territorial princes (or oligarchs), the first Angevin king of Hungary established dynamic diplomatic relationships where his connections to the papal court played a crucial role. The sources suggest that the relation of Charles I with the papacy was the golden thread in his diplomacy with Western Europe, and still, it is one of the less known topics in the Hungarian historiography. My doctoral thesis which was written and defended in the framework of a cooperation of the Universities of Angers (France) and Szeged (Hungary) intended to fill this gap in the Hungarian historical research. This paper summarizes my thesis by presenting the corpus of the sources, the applied methodology, and giving an overview of the preliminary results.
Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline is Reversed by D-Serine Supplementation
Authors: Nava-Gómez L. , Calero-Vargas I. , Higinio-Rodríguez F. , Vázquez-Prieto B. , Olivares-Moreno R. , Ortiz-Retana J. , Aranda P. , Hernández-Chan N. , Rojas-Piloni G. , Alcauter S. , López-Hidalgo M.
Published: May 2022

Brain aging is a natural process that involves structural and functional changes that lead to cognitive decline, even in healthy subjects. This detriment has been associated with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction because of a reduction in the brain levels of D-serine, the endogenous NMDAR co-agonist. However, it is not clear whether D-serine supplementation could be used as an intervention to reduce or reverse age-related brain alterations. In the present work, we aimed to analyze the D-serine effect on aging-associated alterations in cellular and large-scale brain systems that could support cognitive flexibility in rats. We found that D-serine supplementation reverts the age-related decline in cognitive flexibility, frontal dendritic spine density, and partially restored large-scale functional connectivity without inducing nephrotoxicity; instead, D-serine restored the thickness of the renal epithelial cells that were affected by age. Our results suggest that D-serine could be used as a therapeutic target to reverse age-related brain alterations.
Comparing Surrogates to Evaluate Precisely Timed Higher-Order Spike Correlations
Authors: Stella Alessandra , Bouss Peter , Palm Günther , Grün Sonja
Published: May 2022

The generation of surrogate data, i.e., the modification of data to destroy a certain feature, can be considered as the implementation of a null-hypothesis whenever an analytical approach is not feasible. Thus, surrogate data generation has been extensively used to assess the significance of spike correlations in parallel spike trains. In this context, one of the main challenges is to properly construct the desired null-hypothesis distribution and to avoid altering the single spike train statistics. A classical surrogate technique is uniform dithering (UD), which displaces spikes locally and uniformly distributed, to destroy temporal properties on a fine timescale while keeping them on a coarser one. Here, we compare UD against five similar surrogate techniques in the context of the detection of significant spatiotemporal spike patterns. We evaluate the surrogates for their performance, first on spike trains based on point process models with constant firing rate, and second on modeled nonstationary artificial data to assess the potential detection of false positive (FP) patterns in a more complex and realistic setting. We determine which statistical features of the spike trains are modified and to which extent. Moreover, we find that UD fails as an appropriate surrogate because it leads to a loss of spikes in the context of binning and clipping, and thus to a large number of FP patterns. The other surrogates achieve a better performance in detecting precisely timed higher-order correlations. Based on these insights, we analyze experimental data from the pre-/motor cortex of macaque monkeys during a reaching-and-grasping task.
Telomere length and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Mota Jose Italo Soares , Silva-Júnior Rui Milton Patrício , Martins Clarissa Silva , Bueno Ana Carolina , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo , Antunes Ximene Lima da Silva , Ozaki Jorge Guilherme Okanobo , Coeli-Lacchini Fernanda Borchers , Garcia-Peral Carlos , Oliveira Antonio Edson Rocha , Santos Antônio Carlos , Moreira Ayrton Custodio , Machado Helio Rubens , dos Santos Marcelo Volpon , Colli Leandro M , Gadelha Monica R , Antonini Sonir Roberto R , de Castro Margaret
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To evaluate how telomere length behaves in adamantinomtous craniopharyngioma (aCP) and if it contributes to the pathogenesis of aCPs with and without CTNNB1 mutations.

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study enrolling 42 aCP patients from 2 tertiary institutions.

Methods

Clinicopathological features were retrieved from the patient's charts. Fresh frozen tumors were used for RNA and DNA analyses. Telomere length was evaluated by qPCR (T/S ratio). Somatic mutations in TERT promoter (TERTp) and CTNNB1 were detected by Sanger and/or whole-exome sequencing. We performed RNA-Seq to identify differentially expressed genes in aCPs presenting with shorter or longer telomere lengths.

Results

Mutations in CTNNB1 were detected in 29 (69%) tumors. There was higher frequency of CTNNB1 mutations in aCPs from patients diagnosed under the age of 15 years (85% vs 15%; P = 0.04) and a trend to recurrent disease (76% vs 24%; P = 0.1). No mutation was detected in the TERTp region. The telomeres were shorter in CTNNB1-mutated aCPs (0.441, IQR: 0.297–0.597vs 0.607, IQR: 0.445–0.778; P = 0.04), but it was neither associated with clinicopathological features nor with recurrence. RNAseq identified a total of 387 differentially expressed genes, generating two clusters, being one enriched for short telomeres and CTNNB1-mutated aCPs.

Conclusions

CTNNB1 mutations are more frequent in children and adolescents and appear to associate with progressive disease. CTNNB1-mutated aCPs have shorter telomeres, demonstrating a relationship between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and telomere biology in the pathogenesis of aCPs.
Unexpected Preoperative Regression of a Thymoma: A Case Report
Authors: Elaamadi Wafae , Taoufiq Rachid , Sabur Safa , Taleb Lamine Hachem , Elhajjouli Hiba , Sbiki Labiba , Znati Kaoutar , Achir Abdellah , Bouchikh Mohammed
Published: May 2022

We report a case of unexpected spontaneous regression of thymoma in a 44-year-old patient, referred with clinical, biological, and electrophysiological findings of Myasthenia gravis. The patient was stable on synthetic Acetylcholesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, and corticosteroids. A chest computed tomography (January 2020) revealed a well-defined tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Surgical removal was decided. Unfortunately, because of the covid 19 pandemic, the surgical activity of the department of thoracic surgery was suspended. The patient was discharged and re-admitted nine months later. A new chest computed tomography (September 2020) was performed, revealing a net regression of the anterior mediastinal tumor. The long axis of the tumor decreased from 97mm to 28mm. A Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymothymectomy was performed. The histopathological study of the specimen revealed a Thymoma B3, according to the world health organization (WHO) classification, without any necrosis, hemorrhagic or sclerotic cells. The spontaneous regression of thymic epithelial tumors is reported as rare. Surgical excision should be performed, even if tumor volume regression is observed. After surgical resection, the anatomopathological studies of the specimens could sometimes find some elements that explain the regression of these tumors. In our case, we suppose that the intake of corticosteroids by our patient could have played a role in this tumor regression.
Production of xylose from diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wheat straw
Authors: Ji Xingxiang , Ma Hao , Tian Zhongjian , Lyu Gaojin , Fang Guigan , Chen Jiachuan , Saeed Haroon A. M.
Published: May 2022

The objectives of this study were to generate fermentable xylose by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wheat straw and investigate the effect of hemicellulose removal on the physical and chemical properties of the unhydrolyzed solid residue (USR). Different reaction conditions, including concentration of sulfuric acid (COS), temperature, and time, were tested for their effects on the yield of xylose and the USR. The ideal hydrolysis conditions for xylose production were 0.5% of COS at 140 °C for 90 min, with the xylose yield of 0.185 g/g wheat straw. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the acid hydrolysis only caused slight changes in the functional groups and the crystal form of wheat straw at mild conditions, while higher temperature or higher COS exacerbated these changes.
When do Lithuanian NGDOs Succeed in Influencing Foreign Policy?
Authors: Gadeikienė Marta
Published: May 2022

The literature indicates an ever-growing involvement of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in foreign policy and hence an increasing potential for them to exert influence over it. Approaching foreign aid policy as a suitable empirical indicator of a country’s foreign policy, this paper examines the case of Lithuanian development NGOs’ (NGDOs’) influence over bilateral foreign aid policy. Based on the mechanistic approach to social science, this paper demonstrates that NGDO influence is observed when an NGDO has resources to assist decision-makers in policy implementation; when it behaves strategically; and when decision-makers’ access to these resources is threatened. Although other NGDO’s resources are insufficient to result in the NGDO being able to exercise influence, they help to strengthen the long-term collaborative relationship with decision-makers, which is necessary for the micro-phenomenon of NGDO influence to occur. The paper concludes that the potential influence of Lithuanian NGDOs is limited, constrained by the scant demand for NGDOs’ resources and the unconducive institutional setting. But the paper identifies low issue salience and a focused concentration of valuable resources within Lithuanian NGDOs as factors which increase the likelihood of NGDO influence.
Decrecimiento selectivo post-coronavirus
Authors: Cante Freddy Eduardo
Published: May 2022

El crecimiento acelera la entropía y genera problemas mucho más apocalípticos que la pandemia. Una solución factible a los problemas que derivan de ello, equi­valente a un decrecimiento selectivo, implica promover un distanciamiento social más sano, eliminar los sectores nocivos (no básicos) y hacer crecer sectores virtuo­sos como la economía del cuidado mutuo y de la naturaleza.
Efectos económicos de los cierres por COVID-19: una perspectiva regional.
Authors: Hernández Diaz Gustavo Adolfo , Quintero Luis Felipe
Published: May 2022

Distintos trabajos han estimado los efectos del confinamiento, como consecuen­cia del COVID-19, sobre la producción y el empleo a nivel nacional, pero pocos a nivel regional. Así, utilizando una matriz insumo producto regional para Colom­bia, y mediante una variación de un método de extracción hipotética, se estima­ron los efectos regionales del confinamiento sobre la producción y el empleo. Se encontró que los choques negativos sobre la economía impactan la producción, esta disminuyó 8,2 %, lo que conllevó una caída en el empleo de 3,5 millones de puestos de trabajo, esto es consecuencia de heterogeneidad de los efectos entre los departamentos.
Integración financiera subordinada y efectos de la crisis pandémica en Colombia.
Authors: Martinez Mantilla Manuel Felipe , Borsari Pietro
Published: May 2022

La crisis económica y social del coronavirus tiene intensos efectos en Colombia, en términos de producción y empleo. Desde una perspectiva marxista y poskeynesiana, se analiza la integración financiera subordinada, a partir del comportamiento de los flujos de capital internacional y de los stocks de activos y pasivos externos de la economía colombiana en el periodo 1990-2020. Los resultados indican que esta economía se encuentra en una posición de elevada vulnerabilidad externa y fragilidad financiera, evidenciadas en una significativa transferencia de riqueza financiera hacia los países centrales y una débil dinámica de crecimiento, lo cual condiciona la trayectoria económica del país ante el contagio financiero internacional derivado de la pandemia de COVID-19.