bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le silence de la personne présente dans le théâtre français du XXe siècle
Authors: Modrzejewska Krystyna
Published: April 2019

The consideration of the silence of a present person in some French 20th century drama reveals the power and the cruelty of human silence. The play by Anouilh displays the destiny of a woman who is convicted to be a voiceless witness, whereas the one by Beckett shows the silence of a husband begged by his companion to confirm her presence. In the play by Lagarce, the agony of an ungrateful son unleashes a torrent of complaints pronounced by a women belonging to his family. Finally, both of the analysed plays by Sarraute show the consequences of silence in relations between friends.
Les tourments de l’absence dans Gazole de Bertrand Gervais
Authors: Kapołka Karolina
Published: April 2019

In his novel entitled Gazole (2001), Bertrand Gervais, a Quebec writer, takes up the issue of suicide and its psychological and social impact. The main character, Lancelot Tremblay, whose job is to write lyrics for a rock band Le Livre des Morts (Eng. The Book of the Dead), hangs himself in his apartment. His naked body with an erect penis is discovered by the other members of the band Gazole and Pyramide. Their reactions to this deadly act are, however, different. Submerging himself in mourning, Pyramide withdraws emotionally from his relationship with his girlfriend Gazole, who, deeply touched by her partner’s newly developed indifference to her, delves into an investigation into the causes of Lancelot’s suicide. Being increasingly fascinated by the figure of Lancelot, Gazole reconstructs a new picture of him. Pieces of memories conjured up by those who knew Lancelot, like incomplete pieces of a puzzle, make Gazole form a romantic image of his absence. The mysterious and tragic figure of the young poet who chose to extinguish himself fires the woman’s imagination, who fantasizes about a sentimental and erotic relationship with him. An emptiness created by the suicide forces the woman to ponder over the nature of death, an eternal absence. Obsessed with this imaginary presence of Lanelot, Gazole has to set herself free from its influence, which causes her to flirt with a razorblade in a bathtub. The foray into Lancelot’s suicide gives Gazole an insight into her own true identity. Gazole discovers her internal feminine strength and frees herself from the shackles of Lancelot’s mental and sexual hold.
Absents et absences dans les Essais de Montaigne
Authors: Bjaï Denis
Published: April 2019

Except for Étienne de la Boétie, the friend for ever gone but whose presence pervades the Essais so vividly, the reader can notice the nearly total – and therefore puzzling – absence of Montaigne’s mother, Antoinette de Louppes, contrasting with the recurrent mentions to his father, Pierre Eyquem. He will also encounter strange omissions, such as Montaigne’s silence on St-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, and telling lapses, for instance on the answers given to young King Charles IX by the cannibals from Brazil. Do the Essais really “tell everything” (On vanity, III, 9), as Montaigne claims they do?
Entre l’absence et la présence de la Morte dans Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach
Authors: Komandera Aleksandra
Published: April 2019

In his short novel Bruges-la-Morte Georges Rodenbach presents an inconsolable widower, Hugues Vianne, who ties to immortalise his dead wife by the worship of her souvenirs and installing himself in Bruges, a “dead town”. The aim of the study is to examine how the absence changes into presence. Firstly, the Dead returns in Hugues Vian’s mind, the spouse appears in multiple portraits the widower contemplates every day and especially in the cult of her hair. Then, she reveals herself also in the history and the actual state of Bruges. Finally, the dead woman returns in her “double” – Jane Scott, a theatre dancer, who becomes for Hugues Vianes, his wife risen from the dead, unfortunately only for a while. Georges Rodenbach chooses absence as the main aspect of his novel but he joins it to all kind of attempts, especially related to the fantastique, to transform it into presence.
Antonin Artaud ou l’absence à soi-même et l’expérience du vide
Authors: Rougé Dominique
Published: April 2019

Concerning Antonin Artaud it has been question of some lack of work but in the article we propose to the reading we are talking about another kind of absence. Indeed, in his correspondence and in the writings of his youth, the poet was complaining to be absent to himself. He was saying that words could not convey what he felt, that he had the impression to be a spectator of himself. Over time, he will say that he was feeling some emptiness in him. Is it to fill this emptiness that he spent his time writing on notebooks and that he had replaced speaking by screaming? As a conclusion to this article, we spend some time thinking about the concepts of absence and emptiness, following some writings of Pierre Fédida.
Le manque en tant que métaphore de l’écriture : de l’indicible et du mot-absence chez Marguerite Duras
Authors: Ledwina Anna
Published: April 2019

Marguerite Duras’s works deal with the problems typical of the literary studies in the second half of the twentieth century: presence and absence, abandoning chronological order of events, and eroticism. This article analyses her literary technique, including text fragmentation and elliptical style. The author searches for appropriate means of expression, often using silence and loneliness in keeping with her vision of absence attributed to women, kept silent by the dominant culture. Omissions in the narrative emphasise the inexpressible, beyond rational. Absence is meaningful, e.g. the missing photograph in The Lover. Absence also implies a desire to change and to write. Duras shows the problem in the context of a hidden image and an act of creation. The missing word alludes to a search of self. The author grasps complexity and diversity of absence. It is part of the theme, style, and text structure, emphasising the limitations of the language and the powerlessness of the protagonist.
De la fiction d’une absence à l’autofiction d’une présence : l’écriture de la mort de la mère dans l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun
Authors: Ponchon Catherine
Published: April 2019

“Night has enshrouded my childhood” write Jorge Semprun. Civil War and exile have erased any trace of the childhood he spent in Madrid. What was left to the writer were only flashes of memory and an old picture of his mother. Jorge Semprun was eight years of age when his mother died of septicemia. Through writing, thirty years later, he was able to evoke her death, but how was he to tell about her absence? Between fiction and reality, five of Jorge Semprun’s novels recreate his childhood. His mother will first of all be an absence or an implicit presence behind his relating the city of his childhood. Having set the scene, ghostly characters whose identities are undefined but whose discourses become more and more outlined will appear. The mother will become a nostalgic absence. Her features, her character will be sketched out. Jorge Semprun will move forward hiding behind the multiple identities of his characters and the freedom which fiction provides him. It will be up to the last character, a fictive double of the writer, to find the last traces of a mother who has turned into a haunting presence.
Représentations de l’absence et du manque : de La Dispersion au Livre brisé de Serge Doubrovsky
Authors: Levy Nurit
Published: April 2019

Author and academic, Serge Doubrovsky is an important figure in contemporary French literature. His numerous publications foretell the emergence of a new literary concept, positioning him in the domain of post-modernism with the emergence of auto-fiction. From The Dispersion to The Broken Book, the auto-fiction unfolds in a jerky narrative while the genesis of the work revolves around a profound sense of lack and absence that the writer tries to fill through his writing. The experience of World War II left a life long indelible mark on the writer’s own identity and brings forth the creation of this hybrid autobiography that aims at tearing down ge-neric and literary boundaries. Letters and words are used to confront what is missing in his life in a transgressing style that describes the violence of this experience. In this way, Doubrovsky leaves a trace of his existence, transforming his life into a novel – a work of fiction – and by giving space to imagination when telling his own story.
WORD FORMATION IN FACEBOOK CONVERSATION; A STUDY AT A GROUP PRODI ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FKIP UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MATARAM IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016
Authors: Asbah Asbah
Published: April 2019

This study was aimed at finding out “ Word Formation In Facebook Conversation; A Study At A Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram In Academic Year 2015-2016 ”. The method of this research is qualitative research was using case study, the participant of this research is a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram, for five months from January to May the total was followed in Facebook conversation was three persons (teachers), and the whole of students were 20 persons. The instruments for collecting the data by using note taking. To analyze the data, the researcher classified word formation produced, and then the researcher analyzing the data. Based on this research it showed that there was 7words formation on facebook conversation in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram, consist of 1 Coinage, 5 of Blending, 5 of Clipping, 1 of Back- Formation, 7 of Reduplication, 1 of Compounding, 15 of Acronym. So the total word formation for all of the data was 35 data, which was used on a Facebook conversation in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram. The dominant type of word formation process that occurs on facebook conversation, in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram was Acronym, which is 15 data.
The Use of Schematic-activation Strategy in Teaching Young EFL Learners Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ariyani Etika , Ariyani Etika
Published: April 2019

Reading is one of the important skills that the students have to master. However, many students have difficulties in comprehending the reading text. To solve this condition, the researcher used schema activation strategy to help students understand reading comprehension. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the use of schema activation strategy is effective or not in teaching reading comprehension at the second-grade students of MTs Tarbiyatul Mustafid in academic year 2017/2018. This study was quasi-experimental design using two classes were VIII B class was taken as an experimental class, and VII-A was taken as control class. The population of this research involved 60 students from the second grade in MTs Tarbiyatul Mustafid Batu Simpang. By using purposive sampling, the researcher took the students as a sample. In collecting the data, this study used pre-test, treatment, and post-test as the data collection procedure then followed by analyzing the data by using the t-test formula. Then the result of statistical analysis of t-test in this research was 2.85. It was higher than critical values for t- table in the degree of freedom (df) of 58 is 2.021(0.05%) and 2.704(0.01%). The researcher concludes that mean score before and after teaching by using schema activation strategy has a difference. It means the alternative hypothesis (ha) was accepted. The use of schema activation strategy in teaching reading comprehension at the second-grade students of MTs Tarbiyatul Mustafid Batu Rimpang is effective.
Semantic Change Analysis on Film “the King’s Speech”
Authors: Hidayati Hidayati , Ilham Ilham
Published: April 2019

Semantic Change is the meaning of a word can indeed change through its use in a metaphor, and it is often mentioned as one of the significant factors in semantic change. Based on the types of semantic change, they are divided into four types namely generalization, specialization, pejoration and amelioration. This research aims to analyze semantic change by characters on the film The King’s Speech written by David Seidler to find the types of semantic change by using qualitative research, and the data were collected through the film script especially from the characters in the film. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher found two semantic change such as the semantic change of generalization reaches the highest number with 10 data (62.5%). It implies that the characters in the film gave the words which were containing the meaning of a word is broadening to include new concepts. The range of its meaning increases so that the word can be used in various contexts with a broader meaning than its neutral one. The semantic change of specialization with 6 data (37.5%). It implies that the characters in the film gave the words which were containing the meaning of the word is narrowed into the same class. The range of its meaning is decreased, and word can be used only in fewer contexts than before.
The Speaking Difficulties Encountered by Non-English Students in Language Classroom
Authors: Rahmaniah Rima , Asbah Asbah
Published: April 2019

This research, entitled “The Difficulties Encountered by Non-English Department Students in Speaking English,” was a study at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. It was conducted to investigate difficulties encountered by Non-English Department students in speaking. The participants were 15 students from the second semester of Indonesian Department Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. It also aims to investigate the factors which are face by Non-English department students in Speaking English. This research used descriptive quantitative approach. Based on the data from test the difficulties encountered by a second-year student of Indonesian department are first was from the grammar aspect, there were 80% of students almost entirely inaccurate expect in stock phrases. Second, fluency aspect, there were 73% speech is very slow and uneven except, for short or routine sentences. Third, it is the pronunciation aspect; there were 73% of students gross error, and very heavy accent makes understanding difficult require frequent repetition. Fourth is from the vocabulary aspect there were 60% of students their vocabulary limited to basic personal and survival areas. The last it is from comprehension aspect there 55% of students understand only slow, very simple speech on common social and touristic topics; requires constant repetition and rephrasing. Factors were faced by Non-English department student in speaking English there are two factors, from internal factors and external factors. Internal factors such as they are a quiet person; they are hard to learn, difficult to remember vocabulary, difficult to pronounce the word, lack of grammatical mastery, they are lazy to memorize vocabulary, they are lack of confidence and fear of making a mistake. From external factors, they are seldom speaking English in the class, and their environment is not used English, and they prefer to use their mother tongue.
An Analysis of Students' Ability in Distinguishing Lexical and Structural Ambiguity in English Sentences at Second Grade of SMA 1 Labuapi in the Academic Year 2016-2017
Authors: Irwandi Irwandi
Published: April 2019

Ambiguity is the property of having two or more distinct meanings or interpretations. Sometimes we found many ambiguities sentences when we are reading or listen to the English sentences. A word or sentence is ambiguous if it can be interpreted in more than one way. The problem stated in this study is: How is the students’ ability in distinguishing lexical and structural ambiguity in English sentences? The purpose of this study is to investigate the students’ ability in distinguishing lexical and structural ambiguity in English sentences at second grade of SMAN 1 Labuapi in academic year 2016/2017. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The writer used purposive sampling for taking the sample, namely class IPA 2 which consists of 22 students. The data were collected by a gap-filling test for lexical ambiguity word class of noun and label for structural ambiguity. The results of the research demonstrate that the students of SMAN 1 Labuapi were categorized into a very poor with the average score was 4.450. The writer illustrates the analysis result in the percentage of all test’s items in simple sentences, there were 890 ambiguous words and phrase. Lexical ambiguity involves noun (150) and structural ambiguity involve noun phrase (30). Finally, based on the research findings, the writer concluded that more than a half of students at the second grade of SMAN 1 Labuapi had very poor abilities in distinguishing lexical and structural ambiguity in English sentences.
The Students' Ability in Writing English Exposition Texts: Descriptive Study at the Second Grade of Senior High School of Hangtuah 3 Mataram in Academic Year 2016-2017
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin
Published: April 2019

The population of this research was the second-grade students of SMA 3 Hangtuah Mataram in academic year 2015/2016 which consist of 2 classes. It means that all of the population was 30 students and this population makes sample 30 students’. The thesis aimed to find out the student’s ability in writing English exposition text: descriptive study at the second grade of senior high school of Hangtuah 3 Mataram in academic year 2015/2016. The researcher took 30 students of the second years' students of Hangtuah 3 Mataram to be respondents/sample, the population only two classes consists of 30 students. In collecting data, the researcher used a writing test. The students were asked to make a paragraph in exposition text. The data analysis, the students score was found that student’s ability in writing English exposition text as good in 2 class (30 students), in this case, in class 2 there are no students got excellent , 20 students got good level (67%), 8 students got very good criteria (26%), and 2 students got fairly good criteria (7%). Based on the result above it can be concluded that the students' ability in writing English exposition text 20 students “good” criteria or 67%.
Application of TIROCA Model at PT SPINDO
Authors: Bahri Khoirun Nisa , Meirani Nadia , Rufaidah Popy
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to examine the application of strategic analysis with the TIROCA (Tangible Asset, Intangible Asset, and Organisational Capability) model as a basis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a company, namely, PT Steel Pipe Industry of Indonesia, Tbk. (PT SPINDO, Tbk.). The company is one of the steel pipe manufacturers in Indonesia. The company has the largest production capacity in Indonesia and has experience in producing various kinds of steel pipes / tubes and various other related products. The company is one of the largest steel pipe manufacturers with the largets production capacity in Indonesia. The paper used a case study research method in order to explore the strategic strengths and weaknesses of the company through its: tangible asset, intangible asset, and organisational capability. The results of the study show the company's superiority come from the following three-resources: (1) tangible resources are derived from the sophistication of machinery and factory equipment; (2) intangible resources are generated from the innovation and creativity of the firm’s HR in creating various products; and (3) organizational capability resources derived from the firm’s competencies and skills in managing product development and the ability to recruit HR.
Service Quality and Consumer’s Trust Using PT. JNE Gorontalo Branch
Authors: Taan Hapsawati
Published: April 2019

Increasing quality of services increasingly gets the attention of companies to increase supply to consumers. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze: 1) Effect of service quality on consumer decisions, 2) Effect of trust in consumer decisions, 3) Effect of service quality and trust simultaneously on consumer decisions. The sampling method uses non-probability sampling with the accidential sampling technique with a total sample of 96 people. The unit of analysis is consumers who use the services of PT. Gorontalo Branch JNE. Data collection is done through observation and questionnaires. Data were analyzed quantitatively by using multiple regression analysis techniques with SPSS 21 statistical program. The results showed that trust had a significant effect on consumer decisions. Service quality and trust have a simultaneous influence on consumer decisions. The interesting finding from the results of this study is that service quality has no significant effect on consumer decisions. This shows that the quality of service is good, not necessarily consumers decide to use these services. Suggestions / recommendations, the need for companies to improve tangible and assurance indicators related to the availability of facilities and infrastructure in service and attention to guarantees for consumer goods.
STYLISTIC FEATURES OF HYPERTEXT LINKS IN FRENCH INTERNET MASS MEDIA
Authors: Олена Костянтинівна Ковальова
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The paper focuses on the stylistic features of hypertext links in FrenchInternet newspaper “20 minutes”. The notion of a hypertext link is double faced: as a computerand as a linguistic phenomenon. The hypertext link is investigated at three levels: lexical,morphological and syntactic.Purpose. The paper aims at finding out the hypertext links of Internet newspaper“20 minutes” and analyzing them as integral, structured, harmoniously existing units whichinterrelate with other elements of the hypertext. Acombination of stylistic features of the languageof mass media as well as the Internet can be observed in such a unit. The communicative strategiesof informing, influencing and evaluating are effectively utilized so as to attract readers' attention.The means which are aimed at establishing contact with young audience are chosen for thatpurpose.Methods. The research grounds on stylistic analysis, interpretative analysis, lexicosemantic analysis, and empiric method of classifying the results of investigation.Results. At lexical level hyperlinks are characterized by widespread usage ofthe anglicisms, the prevalence of emotionally coloured, colloquial vocabulary and neologisms.At morphological level, numerous initial contractions and shortenings, combinations of thetext with various significant images are intrinsic in hyperlinks. At syntactic level the hypertextlinks are peculiar for nominative, complex asyndetic sentences, isolation of attributes. The usageof elliptical constructions of various kinds has signs of the influence of the Internet languagestylistics. Besides, irony takes a significant place among the means of figurative expression.The usage of irony imparts a shade of ironically critical evaluation, especially in the reportsthat relate to administrative officials and government institutions.
Conclusions. The above-mentioned aspects of hyperlinks create the stylistic featuresof the language of the Internet. The paper concludes that derivation is considered to bea productive means of the formation of neologisms in the field of internet mass media. Theutilization of irony, being a part of the traditional French political satire, helps to achievethe understanding between young generation of readers that is a characteristic feature ofspecial outlook, predetermined by age peculiarities.
LABYRINTH AS INDEX OF NARRATIVE STRATEGY “EXPRESSION” IN FRENCH LITERARY TEXT COMPOSITION OF THE XXTH CENTURY (IN THE NOVEL BY A. ROBBE-GRILLET “DANS LE LABYRINTHE”)
Authors: Руслана Іванівна Савчук
Published: April 2019

Introduction.The paper deals with the main peculiarities of the Nouveau Roman modernistnarrative reality construction in the 20th century French fictional text formation.Purpose of the paper is to determine the function of narrative technique labyrinth inrealizing the narrative strategy of expression in A. Robbe-Grillet novel “Dans le Labyrinthe”.Methods. In analysing the ways of French modernist text composition the investigationis grounded on the methods of textual analysis, narrative analysis motif analysis.Results. The paper suggests the ways of construing the modernist narrative reality.Such reality is characterized by some installation and unnatural character of existing of the mainhero in narrative space of the text. The paper proves that it happens due to dominant perceptivemodus of vision and tendency to simulation of reality in French literary text composition ofthe XX th century.Conclusions. Grounded on the principles of text composition in A. RobbeGrillet novel “Dans le Labyrinthe” the paper illustrates the metamorphose of labyrinth as leitmotifimage into narrative technique influences the text composition. So, labyrinth is proved to bethe index in realisation the narrative strategy of expression as it predicts the narrative which ischaracterised by breaking the temporal linearity, desorientation and mixing all the system oftextual senses.
Perspectives. The results of the present paper give reason for further investigation ofthe ways of text composition in the texts of other jenres in pragmatic and cross-cultural aspects
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIVE FIELD OF THE STIMULUS ЦІННІСТЬ (DYNAMIC ASPECT)
Authors: Діана Іванівна Терехова
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The study of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of variousethnic groups does not lose its relevance in modern psycholinguistics. The overwhelming partof the researches of this problem is based on the materials of associative experiments. There havebeen accumulated a lot of these experiments both in lexicographical works and in separatescientific researches from the middle of the last century up to now. This fact allows studyingof the linguistic consciousness at a certain time slice and in dynamics. However, the list ofstimuli is not comprehensive, therefore, the materials of free associative experiments, that wasconducted in Ukraine in 2000 and in 2012, have been used, in order to achieve the purpose ofthis work.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to reveal the structure of the associative value bythe example of the associative fields of the stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ in the Ukrainian language.Methods. The structure of associative fields was discovered through the “associativegestalt”, which made an attempt to illustrate the trends of changing in the linguistic consciousnessof the representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group at the beginning of the 21st century.Results. The article presents the results of the psycholinguistic analysis of the associativefields of the word-stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ, that were obtained from Ukrainian respondents withthe interval of twelve years, which represent the dynamics of changes in the correspondingfragments of the world image of Ukrainians. 
Conclusion. The study of the meaning of the word on the material of lexicographicsources and a number of associative experiments that were applied to a specific word-stimulus isjustified and necessary for the comprehensive identification of semantics.
EMOTIONAL AND EVALUATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (IN BORIS AKUNIN’S IDIOSTYLE)
Authors: Т. В. ДОБРОШТАН
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentric trend. The paper focuses on the emotivity, which is associated with human emotions and feelings, with special interest on the somatic phraseological units in modern Russian language in Boris Akunin’s novel.Purpose. The paper aims at defining the role of emotivity in the phraseological process. Somatic phrasemes and their connection with non-verbal elements of communication are investigated.Methods. The methods used in the paper are: descriptive, componential and quantitative analysis.Results. The paper illustrates that somatisms comprise the semantic centre of the somatic phraseological units being its nuclear. They help to express gests or pose and contemporaneously are used for characterization of human’s feelings. Somatic phrasemes have been examined and classified. Connection of the somatic phraseological units with human emotions and evaluations has been investigated and illustrated in our paper. Phrasemes which denote positive and negativeemotions have been described. The central somatic components of somatic phrasemes have been found. So, 17 groups of emotional phrasemes and 125 objectifications have been revealed in BorisAkunin’s novel. Dominancy of negative emotional mood and its reflection in linguistic units has been established.Conclusion. Akunin’s characters feel anger, fear, sad, shame and disgust much more often than positive feelings. It was shown that from 125 phrasemes only 11 denote positive emotions (gratification, gladness, love and passion). Special attention was paid to the central somatic components. As a result the analysis showed that the most common component as a part of phraseological units are eye, hand, had, eyebrows, heart and their different grammatical forms.Somatic phrasemes which are based on gest only but denote different human’s moods have been analyzed (for example anger, fear and amazement).
LINGUISTIC ECOCENTRISM AS META-DISCOURSIVE PRINCIPLE OF FUNCTIONAL PARADIGM
Authors: Н. К. КРАВЧЕНКО
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The paper focuses on the principle of linguistic ecocentrism specified both as a discursive mechanism of the human consciousness ecologization, which determines the invariant parameters of various institutional discourses, and as a new vector of a functionalparadigm associated with overcoming anthropocentrism.Purpose. The research aims at defining the anthropocentrism as a meta-discursive principle of various institutional discourses in view of the invariance and correlation of their cognitive, semiotic, pragmatic parameters embodied with the notion of ecocentric meta-discourse. To achieve the purpose, we have applied the methodology composing of the inquiry subject’s characterizations including its observations in scientific studies and subsequent definition, as well as hypotheses and predictions about the inquiry subject’s structure, manifestations andconstituents.The major results refer to the interpretation of the linguistic ecocentrism as the principle of harmonious coexistence of the human with the environment, reflected by various institutional discourses. This principle both influences the ecologization of linguistics of the XXI century and changes its research priorities, principles and instruments providing further integration of cognitive-discursive, cognitive semiotic, sociocognitive, cognitive-pragmatic studies in order to comprehend the strategic, behavioral, cognitive, verbal and non-verbal human practices as the noospheric factors in the development of civilization. The article introduces the concept and outlines the prospects for studying the ecocentric meta-discourse as a prototype cognitive-semiotic model of various institutional discourses with explicit or implicit ecocentric component.Conclusion. The principle of linguistic eco-centrism is the structure-forming property of the “ecocentric metadiscourse”, which is constituted by the prototype cognitive, semiotic, pragmatic parameters while specifying and developing the knowledge and values about the harmonious coexistence of man with the surrounding world – nature, society, linguistic-culturaland transcultural communities.
Finances of the Nation: Survey of Provincial and Territorial Budgets, 2018-19
Authors: Morgan Vivien
Published: April 2019

This article surveys the 2018-19 provincial and territorial budgets.
Policy Forum: Is Accelerated Depreciation Good or Misguided Tax Policy?
Authors: Bazel Philip , Mintz Jack
Published: April 2019

The authors examine the implications of Canada's response to the 2017 US tax reform. Canada's focus on accelerated tax depreciation will achieve lower marginal effective tax rates on capital for taxpaying companies, well below the US levels achieved with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that came into effect on January 1, 2018. By ignoring neutrality, the government offsets some of the potential gains by reducing the tax burden on capital, thereby failing to maximize efficiency gains from a better corporate tax system. Further, Canada's approach fails to respond to competitiveness effects of US reforms on corporate tax base erosion in Canada as companies shift profits to the United States. The low US tax rate on intangible income will draw certain functions to the United States. A more comprehensive approach to corporate tax reform, including some reduction in corporate income tax rates, would have been a preferable response.
Policy Forum: International Effects of the 2017 US Tax Reform—A View from the Front Line
Authors: Harris Peter , Keen Michael , Liu Li
Published: April 2019

Proximity and close economic links put Canada on the front line in thinking through the effects of the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). This article reviews the main channels by which the business tax provisions of the TCJA might affect Canada, and possible responses.
Policy Forum: Business Tax Reform in the United States and Canada
Authors: McKenzie Ken , Smart Michael
Published: April 2019

The authors examine some of the key features of the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and discuss the implications for Canadian corporations and government revenues. They show that the tax advantage that Canada enjoyed prior to the TCJA has declined significantly, in terms of both statutory and effective (marginal and average) tax rates. They discuss the economic effects of possible responses to the TCJA by Canadian governments, including cutting statutory rates and accelerating tax depreciation deductions. Looking ahead, the authors argue that it would be preferable to focus on a more fundamental tax reform based on the taxation of economic rents.
Antimicrobial activity of berries and leaves essential oils of Macedonian Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Sela Floresha , Karapandzova Marija , Stefkov Gjose , Cvetkovikj Ivana , Trajkovska-Dokikj Elena , Kaftandzieva Ana , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: April 2019

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaves and berries essential oils from Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae) grown in R. Macedonia (RM) was investigated. GC/FID/MS analysis was carried out and 93 components were identified, representing 89.7-96.5% of the oils. The major components of the berries essential oil were α-pinene (19.2%), limonene (24.9%) and cedrol (23.1%), followed by smaller amounts of b-funebrene, trans-caryophyllene, germacrene D and d-cadinene. The composition of the leaves essential oil was variable depending on the region of collection. Accordingly, samples originated from southeastern RM contained essential oil with α-pinene (67.6%) and limonene (10.0%), from central part of RM with limonene (17.9-27.1%) and cedrol (28.8-33.9%), while samples from southwestern RM contained oil with terpinen-4-ol (19.1%), cis-thujone (8.3%), germacrene D (11.0%) and d-cadinene (6.3%) as predominant components in the oil. Antimicrobial screening of the essential oils was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The leaves essential oil showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC = 125 ml/ml) and moderate activity against Campylobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 ml/ml). Other investigated bacterial strains and Candida albicans were completely resistant to the antimicrobial activity of J. foetidissima essential oils.
Transfer of pharmacopoeial liquid chromatography reversedphase methods for determination of related compounds in diclofenac sodium and metamizole sodium from conventional to core-shell column
Authors: Brezovska Katerina , Petrovska Gabriela , Acevska Jelena , Nakov Natalija , Poceva-Panovska Ana , Tonic-Ribarska Jasmina , Hadzieva Maja , Dimitrovska Aneta
Published: April 2019

Core-shell silica particles were developed as a new material for chromatographic stationary phases in order to provide fast and high efficiency separations of small and large molecules and complex samples, at pressures compatible with conventional HPLC equipment. The aim of our work was to show the applicability of the HPLC columns based on a core-shell technology for determination of related substances in diclofenac sodium and in metamizole sodium using the methods described in the corresponding monographs of the European pharmacopoeia. The obtained results have shown that the proposed methods can be successfully transferred on core shell column, with suitable adjustment of injection volume and flow rate. The advantage of using core-shell column is fast and highly efficient separation on conventional HPLC equipment with increased sensitivity of the method and high throughput of the analysis, providing enhanced lab productivity and reduced costs.
Influence of oligofructose-enriched inulin on survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei 01 and adhesive properties of synbiotic microparticles
Authors: Petreska Ivanovska Tanja , Zhivikj Zoran , Mladenovska Kristina , Petrushevska-Tozi Lidija
Published: April 2019

Lactobacillus casei 01 was co-encapsulated with the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin at different concentrations to investigate the efficiency of the prebiotic for improving the probiotic viability. Prebiotic effect on the probiotic survival under microencapsulation conditions by spray- and freeze-drying and storage stability of encapsulated living cells at 4 °C during period of 8 weeks was evaluated.
Adhesiveness of L. casei 01 loaded microparticles to pig mucin was investigated in vitro to estimate the role of microencapsulation for improving the cell adhesion ability. The microparticles produced with 3% w/w oligofructose-enriched inulin showed higher initial count, while oligofructose-enriched inulin applied at 1.5% w/w resulted in better protection of L. casei 01 under storage conditions. Further, it has been observed significantly increased pig mucin binding to microparticles compared to free probiotic cells in buffer solutions simulating GI conditions, during 24 h incubation. Hence, cell microencapsulation beside enhanced viability may allow prolonged residence time of
the probiotic cells in the lower intestine through excellent muco-adhesive properties of the encapsulating materials. The results suggest synbiotic chitosan-Ca-alginate microparticles as convenient delivery system capable to ensure effective cell concentration in the lower intestine where probiotic colonization is dominant.
Patents and licensing in pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Ancevska Netkovska Katerina , Tonic Ribarska Jasmina , Grozdanova Aleksandra , Sterjev Zoran
Published: April 2019

Intellectual property rights (IPR) have been defined as ideas, inventions, and creative expressions based on which there is a public willingness to bestow the status of property. IPR provide certain exclusive rights to the inventors or creators of that property, in order to enable them to reap commercial benefits from their creative efforts or reputation. There are several types of intellectual property protection like
patent, copyright, trademark, etc. Patent is recognition for an invention, which satisfies the criteria of global novelty, non-obviousness, and industrial application. IPR is prerequisite for better identification, planning, commercialization, rendering, and thereby protection of invention or creativity. Each industry should evolve its own IPR policies, management style, strategies, and so on depending on its area of specialty. Pharmaceutical industry currently has an evolving IPR strategy requiring a better focus and approach in the coming era. The protection of inventions with patents in the pharmaceutical industry have a specific role in the development of society and represent one of the drivers of economic development. The license agreements are considered as one of the most common types of transfer of industrial property rights. The right holders often transfer their rights to patents by concluding licensing agreement. While the patent license may give the license a right to use the technology many license agreements have provisions for the transfer of know-how in addition to the patent.
Brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of Juniperus communis L. berries
Authors: Jovanova Blagica , Kadifkova Panovska Tatjana , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: April 2019

Methanolic extracts from Juniperus communis L. berries collected from five different localities in the Republic of Macedonia were evaluated for their cytotoxicity by Brine shrimp lethality assay. The obtained cytotoxic activity is descending as follows: Pelister (128 μg/ mL) > Jakupica (221 μg/mL) > Prilep (662 μg/mL) > Demir Hisar (863 μg/mL) > Makedonski Brod (969 μg/mL). Berries collected from mountain areas (Pelister and Jakupica) demonstrated prominent cytotoxic effects, while berries collected from localities near urban areas exhibited lower cytotoxicity. Variations in their bioactivity are probably due to their complex phytochemical composition, which may vary
with different ecological and geographical conditions.
Margin Tata Niaga Cumi-Cumi di Koperasi Mina Fajar Sidik Kecamatan Blanakan Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Paidi Paidi
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur pasar, margin dan efisiensi tataniaga ikan cumicumi di TPI KUD Mandiri Mina Fajar Sidik, Kecamatan Belanakan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif serta dilakukan dengan studi kasus, dari bulan juni-juli 2014. Data yang diambil berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Sasaran diambil secara porposional yang terdiri dari TPI KUD Mandiri mina fajar sidik (saluran I), pedagang pengumpul, (saluran II) dan pedagang pengecer (saluran III). Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan kuantitatif maupun pendekatan kualitatif. Struktur pasar berupa pasar heterogen, dalam hal ini KUD Mandiri sebagai penentu harga paling kuat. Hal ini berdampak pada besarnya margin yang berbeda-beda, akibat dari struktur dan perilaku pasar, sehingga berakibat keuntungan yang tidak merata atau tidak efisien.
Persepsi dan Partisipasi Nelayan terhadap Kawasan Konservasi di Pangandaran, Jawa Barat
Authors: Danapraja Sopiyan
Published: April 2019

Peningkatan kesadaran dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Kabupaten Kabupaten Ciamis ditujukan untuk meyakinkan masyarakat akan manfaat perlindungan kawasan tersebut. Karenanya peran serta masyarakat harus dilibatkan pada perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemecahan kendala dan berbagai kemungkinan manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji hubungan karakteristik dengan persepsi dan partisipasi masyarakat, persepsi dan partisipasi dalam pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut (KKL) Kabupaten Ciamis. Metode penelitian adalah survei melalui analisis korelasi dan multivariat. Responden 72% di antaranya memiliki persepsi baik (setuju) terhadap pengelolaan KKLD. Persepsi yang baik ditunjukan terhadap program (64,9%), pelaksanaan (55,8%), pemecahan kendala (55,7%) dan manfaat (62%).
Profil Aktivitas Ekonomi Masyarakat Perikanan sekitar Waduk di Jawa Barat
Authors: Supena M Harja
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat di sekitar waduk. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode Deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Tehnik Purposive Sampling, yaitu sampel dilakukan terhadap pelaku utama perikanan yang ada di 5 waduk (Waduk Jatiluhur, Waduk Cirata,Waduk Saguling,Waduk Jatigede, dan Waduk Darma). Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang berisi open dan close question. Dalam pengolahan data dilakukan penetapan nilai (skor) terhadap setiap pertanyaan yang berada dalam setiap sub sistem usaha. Hasil penelitian terhadap 5 waduk yang ditinjau dari 5 sub sistem usaha (sarana produksi, produksi, pasca produksi, pemasaran, dan layanan pendukung) diperoleh nilai (skor) sebagai berikut: Waduk Jatiluhur (10,96), Waduk Cirata (9,24), Waduk Saguling (10,86), Waduk Jatigede (9,32), dan Waduk Darma (8,92). Dari hasil penilaian tersebut, maka diperoleh gambaran tentang profil aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat di sekitar waduk. Semoga penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi untuk menambah kepustakaan dan pengembangan pengetahuan tentang profil aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat di sekitar waduk.
Persepsi Nelayan terhadap Larangan Penggunaan Alat Tangkap Dogol di Kelurahan Manggar Baru Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur
Authors: Tiani Lilis , Purnamasari Elly , Abdusysyahid Said
Published: April 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi dan sikap terhadap larangan penggunaan alat menangkap nelaya Dogol (Trawl Hela). Penelitian ini dilakukan selama lima bulan mulai bulan Desember 2016 sampai Juni 2017 di Kabupaten Manggar New Sub Balikpapan Timur. Sampel yang diambil berdasarkan metode proportional random sampling Proportionate ditentukan oleh rumus slovin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa persepsi nelayan terhadap peraturan menteri tentang larangan penggunaan alat tangkap Dogol (Trawl Hela) dan indikator pengetahuan menempati kategori tinggi (skor 424), indikator kesadaran akan kategori tersebut adalah ( skor 327) dan ketertarikan pada indikator kategori rendah (skor 264) dan sikap nelayan mengambil tindakan terhadap peraturan yang melarang penggunaan alat tangkap nelayan Dogol tidak mau beralih ke alat seperti penangkapan lainnya Trammel net Perikanan, Jaring Gill, rawai dan Departemen Kelautan akan menyarankan pengganti alat penangkapan Dogol. Hal ini karena nelayan menganggap alat pengganti alat tangkap ini dianggap sebagai alat tangkapan musiman sehingga membawa hasil jauh lebih bermanfaat untuk menggunakan alat tangkap Dogol.
Persepsi dan Tingkat Kepuasan Taruna terhadap Pelayanan pada Proses Pendidikan
Authors: Hanan Abdul , Sinaga Walson H
Published: April 2019

Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan berdasarkan 14 unsur pelayanan pendidikan kelompok dosen labo teknologi kepada taruna IKP optimal 3,000 namun range indek kepuasan taruna pada pendidikan yang diberikan dosen labo teknologi terendah 2,12 dan tertinggi 2,700. Sedangkan bagi responden taruni range IKPi yang diberikan terendah 2,200 dan tertinggi 3,00. Pada Kelompok dosen labo ekonomi pelayanan unsur terendah oleh taruna 2,15 dan tertinggi 2,700, sedangkan persepsi yang diberikan oleh taruni unsur terendah dengan nilai 2,15 dan tertinggi 3,00. Pada Kelompok Dosen labo penyuluhan persepsi taruna unsur terendah dengan nilai 2,200 dan tetinggi 3,00, sedangkan yang diberikan oleh taruni unsur terendah dengan nilai 2,300 dan unsur tertinggi dengan nilai 3,00. Nilai Indek Kepuasan Taruna (IKTa) bagi kelompok dosen labo teknologi diperoleh nilai sebesar 62,214, dengan kriteria kinerja Baik, sedangkan untuk Nilai Indek Kepuasan Tarunai (IKTi) sebesar 69,58, dengan kriteria kinerja Sangat Baik. Nilai Indek Kepuasan Taruna (IKTa) bagi kelompok dosen labo ekonomi sebesar 61,53, dengan kriteria kinerja Baik, sedangkan untuk Nilai Indek Kepuasan Taruni (IKTi) sebesar 68,865, dengan kriteria kinerja Sangat Baik. Nilai Indek Kepuasan Taruna (IKTa) bagi kelompok dosen labo penyuluhan sebesar 64,60, dengan kriteria kinerja sangat Baik,sedangkan untuk Nilai Indek Kepuasan Tarunai (IKTi) sebesar 70,025, dengan kriteria kinerja Sangat Baik.