bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indice de Mannhein en el abdomen agudo perforado en pacientes mayores de 65 años
Authors: Lada Paul Eduardo , Mariot Ana , Sánchez Tasonne Carlos , Mansilla Daniel , Casares Gonzalo , Caballero Fabien , Saliba Jorge
Published: September 2024

RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio prospectivo y protocolizado de 98 enfermos mayores de 65 años, operados de urgencia por abdomen agudo perforado, en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas durante el período comprendido de abril/2007 a abril/2013.El propósito fue determinar la morbi-mortalidad de esta entidad en los ancianos. Los principales afectados fueron mujeres entre 65 y 75 años. Se destaca como principal causa de intervención la afectación del colon en su totalidad. Las complicaciones sépticas y la insuficiencia renal, son los desórdenes que prevalecieron. Aplicación práctica del índice de peritonitis de Mannheim. El abdomen agudo perforado es un cuadro con alta tasa de mortalidad en el adulto mayor. Palabras Claves: Abdomen agudo perforado. Morbi-mortalidad. Índice de peritonitis de Mannheim.  ABSTRACT We present a prospective and protocolizeted study of 98 patients over 65 years, underwent emergency surgery for perforated acute abdomen in the Hospital Nacional de Clínicas during the period from April/2007 to April/2013.The purpose was to determine the morbidity and mortality of this entity in the elderly. Mainly affected were women between 65 and 75 years. The leading cause of intervention was the colonic involvement, in its entirety. Septic complications and renal failure are the disorders that prevailed. Practical application of Mannheim peritonitis index. The perforated acute abdomen is a picture with a high rate of mortality in the elderly. Key words: Perforative Acute abdomen. Morbidity and Mortality. Mannheim peritonitis index
Fracturas de Tillaux: resultado funcional tras su tratamiento quirúrgico
Authors: Aguilar Ezquerra Andrés , Monge Vazquez Maria Eugenia , Gracia Torralba Lorena , Angulo TAbernero Marina
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Las fracturas de Tillaux juveniles son un tipo infrecuente de fractura que ocurre en adolescentes mayores. El mecanismo es una fuerza de rotación externa que provoca un estrés sobre el ligamento tibioperoneo anteroinferior, que avulsiona  un fragmento correspondiente a la fisis distal tibial. Material y Método: 6 pacientes (5 chicas y un varón), con una edad comprendida entre 12-14 años, que presentaban fractura de Tillaux con un desplazamiento mayor de 2mm; fueron tratados mediante reducción ortopédica  y fijación con  un tornillo. Resultados: Tras la intervención los pacientes llevaron inmovilización  durante 4-6 semanas; tras lo que se inició la carga parcial progresiva. Tras un seguimiento de 5-7 meses, todos los pacientes habían conseguido una movilidad completa e indolora del tobillo, con imágenes radiológicas de consolidación. Conclusión: El tratamiento mediante reducción ortopédica y fijación interna con un tornillo es adecuado para las fracturas de Tillaux juveniles que presenten un desplazamiento de 2 mm o más.
Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas
Authors: Lada Paul Eduardo , Termengo Diego , Caceres Gonzalo , Sanchez Tacone Carlos , Caballero Fabian , Sonzini Astudillo Pablo
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydatid cyst of the pancreas is a rare location of this disease. We study the case of a female patient with primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas coming from and endemic area and presenting pain and palpable tumor in epigastrium and right upper abdomen. The patient was studied with ultrasound scanning and CT scan in which it was interpreted as hydatid liver cyst. Pancreatic location was determined in surgery.Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas must be taken into account as differential diagnosis with cystic lesions of the pancreas.    Resumen El quiste hidatídico de páncreas es una localización rara de esta enfermedad. Se estudia el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino con quiste hidatídico primario de páncreas, proveniente de una zona endémica con sintomatología de dolor y tumor palpable en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho, fue estudiada con ecografía y tomografía en las cuales se lo interpretó como quiste hidatídico hepático, determinando la ubicación pancreática en el intraoperatorio. Se debe tener presente el quiste hidatídico primario de páncreas como diagnóstico diferencial con los tumores quísticos del páncreas.
Middle lobe syndrome
Authors: Chernekhovskaya N. E. , Korzheva I. Yu. , Vychuzhanina N. V. , Volova A. V.
Published: September 2024

A total of 123 patients with middle lobe syndrome were examined: 82 (66.6%) men and 41 (33.4%) women, aged 16 to 86 years. The examination included a complex X-ray examination of the lungs, bronchoscopy with various types of biopsies, followed by bacteriological, cytological and histological studies of the biopsy material. The following diagnoses were established: pneumonia - in 44 patients, chronic deforming bronchitis - in 49, lobe cirrhosis - in 2, bronchiectasis - in 2, central lung cancer - in 8, lung abscess - in 6, tuberculosis - in 3, benign tumors - in 4, foreign bodies - in 4, sarcoidosis of the respiratory system - in 1 patient. Based on the use of only radiation methods, it was possible to establish the nosological form of the disease in 105 patients (86.5%), and with the combined use of radiation diagnostic methods and bronchoscopy with various types of biopsies, followed by examination of the biopsy material, the correct diagnosis was established in 99.2% of patients, 1 patient had a diagnostic error (0.8%). Sanitation bronchoscopy was performed in 61 patients with chronic deforming bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and foreign bodies (after their removal). In patients who received NO-therapy in the complex treatment, a significant decrease in the duration of treatment was noted.
Features of the work of an endoscopic nurse in Russia and other countries
Authors: Pinina E. Yu. , Pirogov S. S. , Zarubina N. Yu. , Vodoleev A. S. , Karpova E. S. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: September 2024

Endoscopy nurse in a unique specialist in healthcare, combining duties of routine nurse work and professional assistance for doctors in performing high-technology endoscopic examinations and treatment procedures with modern endoscopic equipment. For now, endoscopy is not only routine examinations of upper and lower GI tract. Novel endoscopy is fast evolving with modern technologies, such as high definition narrow-band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy, providing up to 1000 times magnification of mucosa. Moreover, endoscopic treatment procedures - endoscopic mucosal resection, submucosal dissection, endoscopic stenting and many more are widely used for treatment of early cancers and palliative care. Endoscopic nurse assists physician in all these examinations and procedures. Furthermore, in some countries, endoscopy nurse performs easy endoscopic examinations by herself. In most countries, but not in Russia, endoscopic equipment reprocessing performed by dedicated technical staff, not by endoscopy nurse. Unfortunately, in Russian Federation, in compare to other countries, there is no endoscopy nurse certification or professional guidelines.
Endoscopic treatment of right lung abscess complicated by pleural empyema and bronchial stent
Authors: Kozlov M. V. , Filin A. A. , Raevskaya A. N. , Duvansky V. A.
Published: September 2024

The article describes one of the options of endoscopic treatment of complications after pneumonia represented by a lung abscess, pleural empyema, air discharge in the postoperative period and subsequent bronchial stenosis of the basal pyramid. The effectiveness of this method and the expediency of its application in practice have been evaluated.
Features of treatment tactics for some clinical and pathogenetic variants of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Novikov V. N. , Sandratskaya A. V. , Ivanyuk A. S. , Yakovleva E. V.
Published: September 2024

Relevance Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a disease that has a complex mechanism of formation, causing a variety of clinical and pathogenetic features, realised during the development of the pathological process. The variety of tactical and methodological solutions in its treatment is formed from this premise. Material and Methods The authors have 25 years of experience, which consists in direct participation in the diagnostic and therapeutic process in several thousand patients with gastroesophageal reflux, including several hundred patients with cylindrocellular metaplasia and Barrett’s oesophagus. Results Determination of indications for surgical treatment of complicated and uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease is a complex and responsible decision. It is necessary to take into account: the nature and severity of cylindrocellular metaplasia, the size of axial hernia and its combination with insufficiency of cardiac jejunum, the severity of jejunal insufficiency and preservation of diaphragmatic constriction, the state of Gis angle, the type and severity of reflux - esophagitis, as well as the presence of irreversible changes in the mucosa to determine the indications for correction and surgical tactics. It is necessary to pay attention to the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease.
Endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices from A to Z
Authors: Olevskaya E. R.
Published: September 2024

Esophageal varices bleeding is a severe complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic ligation (EL) is the “gold standard” for treatment of acute bleeding, and as well as an effective means of primary and secondary prevention. The technique of endoscopic ligation is well studied, does not present significant technical difficulties. However, in some cases it is accompanied by complications, the most dangerous of which is slipping of ligature. The marker of the effectiveness of EL is the eradication of esophageal varices, which is ensured by compliance with the algorithm of the technique and a step-by-step approach to endoscopic treatment.
Brain and microbiota: a new regulator of critical illnesses
Authors: Belova G. V. , Tashmatova A. A.
Published: September 2024

One of the current interdisciplinary problems of medicine, including in patients with critical conditions, in particular with brain damage, is the correction of microecological disorders of the intestine. Based on the analysis of the composition, assessment of the functions of the intestinal microflora and the mechanisms for implementing the relationships "microflora - macroorganism", "intestine-brain", "intestine-liver", as well as the causes leading to their microecological disorders, the need and possibility of timely correction are shown.
Safety Checklist: Practical Application in a Multidisciplinary Hospital Setting
Authors: Kuzmina T. V. , Vyborny M. I.
Published: September 2024

The relentless improvement of medical care does not exclude the presence of certain complications in patients during the implementation of their treatment. This may be facilitated by the complexity of the manipulations and operations performed, the possibilities of new technologies, the age and concomitant pathology of patients. The predominant occurrence of adverse consequences in the provision of surgical care has prompted the medical community to pay attention to this in the first place. In the process of searching for a simple tool to solve problems arising in the provision of surgical care, a Surgical Safety Checklist (checklist, SSC) was created at the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). Its introduction into standard practice in operating rooms was aimed at improving the safety of both anesthesia and surgical operations, as well as reducing complications and mortality by improving teamwork, communication and consistency of medical care. The purpose of this message is to focus the attention of specialists from various fields and ranks on the need to introduce SSC into the daily work of a multidisciplinary hospital in the form of a standardized procedure for the effective functioning of the operating unit team, the ultimate goal of which is to provide safe care to the patient. An analysis of 4 years of experience in the use of SSC in the Ilyinskaya Hospital allows us to talk about the difficult process of staff entering the workflow of using a seemingly elementary tool. However, the improvement of communication processes and the adaptation of both the mechanism of SSC implementation and its contents allow us to hope for its strict observance and, ultimately, a significant reduction in all possible avoidable risks during the provision of surgical care.
The Effect of Tempo Manipulation on the Urge to Move
Authors: Jerjen Rafael , Bechtold Toni , Etani Takahide , Kilchenmann Lorenz , Hoesl Florian , Kawase Satoshi , Duman Deniz , Senn Olivier
Published: September 2024

The groove experience has been defined as a pleasant sense of wanting to move along with the music. Tempo, the pacing of musical events affects our perception of melody, rhythm, motion, and emotion and as such it is considered a fundamental musical dimension. This study investigates how varying the tempo of popular music drum & bass patterns influences the groove experience in listeners. The experimental stimuli were based on five, drum & bass patterns sourced from western popular music (original tempi between 89-130 bpm). The sample-based reconstructions allowed for tempo manipulation without side-effects in the audio. Each pattern was presented to participants in three tempo variations (84%, 100%, and 116% tempo) the resulting stimuli had a tempo range between 75 and 151 bpm. Participants (n=81) rated the intensity of their groove experience for each of the 15 stimuli using the Experience of Groove Questionnaire (EGQ). Tempo was found to be positively correlated with both scales of the EGQ. Listeners found faster stimuli to be more movement-inducing and pleasurable than slow ones. Additionally, higher event density induced a greater urge to move. This casts a spotlight on the relationship between tempo and event density and suggests an important area of interest for future research.
Enhancing cyber risk identification in the construction industry using language models
Authors: Patel  , Yu Heyao
Published: September 2024

Modern construction projects are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to insufficient attention to cybersecurity. Cyberrisks in construction projects are not fully recognized, and the relevant literature is limited. To address this gap,the capabilities of a language model were leveraged to analyze extensive text, tailored to identify cyber risks. Themodel was trained using a curated corpus related to construction cybersecurity, enhanced by Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback techniques. The findings demonstrate advancementsin the model’s ability to understand cybersecurity and generate responses to cybersecurity questions.Using this model, a prioritized checklist of cyber risks across project phases was developed, establishing a newindustry benchmark. This checklist can be utilized by various groups, including project managers and risk analysts.The model allows for updates with new data, ensuring the checklist remains current. The upgraded modelholds significant promise for industry-wide applications, serving as an intelligent cybersecurity consultant.
The role of follow-in naming and sustained attention in vocabulary growth
Authors: Luchkina Elena , Siviş Özce , Xu Fei
Published: September 2024

Recent research suggests that caregivers’ speech in response to their infants’ attentional shifts (‘follow-in speech’) is correlated with vocabulary size. It is not yet clear, however, what possible developmental pathways underlie this correlation. One possibility is that follow-in speech, and follow-in naming in particular, directly contributes to infants’ vocabulary by providing names of objects in infants’ focus. Another possibility is that follow-in speech contributes to vocabulary growth via sustained attention, extending infants’ looking to a specific object of interest and enhancing the encoding of the word-object mapping. Yet another way in which follow-in speech can contribute to vocabulary growth is by elevating infants’ attention to the object and further speech. Our analyses suggest that follow-in speech likely contributes to infants’ vocabulary in the first year via two pathways: directly, by providing the names of objects in infants’ focus and indirectly, via influencing infants’ attention. We also show that the effects of follow-in speech are distinct from the contribution of parents’ verbal responses to infants’ other communicative bids, such as vocalizing.
Wavelet Transform-Based Classification of Arrhythmia: Unraveling Cardiac Dynamics for Enhanced Diagnosis
Authors: Ayub Usman , Muzzamil Ahmad  , Ahsan Abdur Rehman
Published: September 2024

This report presents a comprehensive investigation into the analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) waveforms, inspired by the Moody Challenge hosted on PhysioNet. Leveraging a dataset comprising ECG recordings from over 21,000 patients sourced from the PTBXL database on PhysioNet, the study aims to shed light on the critical role of ECG waveform analysis in evaluating cardiac health. With a specific emphasis on the QRS complex, the report delves into the intricate details of this waveform component and its significance in diagnosing a spectrum of cardiac conditions, including arrhythmias. Furthermore, the study explores the application of advanced signal processing techniques such as the Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) and Symlet4 wavelet to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of ECG-based assessments. By synthesizing insights from contemporary research and clinical practice, the report underscores the importance of precise ECG interpretation in guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing patient care pathways. Additionally, a comparative analysis between MODWT and traditional bandpass filtering methods is conducted, demonstrating the superiority of MODWT in achieving more precise and reliable results in cardiac waveform classification.
Bad news first – Neuroticism, negative expectations and preference for negative information
Authors: Fischer Anton , Mueller Erik Malte
Published: September 2024

Some people appear to specifically search for bad news, or to prefer negatively valencedinformation more generally. While preferred intake of negative information may serve toconfirm one’s existing negative expectations it may also contribute to negative affect andneuroticism. Conversely, other people may prefer information that allows learning rather thanconfirming existing expectations and individual differences in such preferences may be linkedto trait openness/intellect. To assess associations between information preferences, negativeexpectations, neuroticism, and openness/intellect, two studies (N=300 and N=161) wereconducted. Participants completed a negative expectation questionnaire and rated whetherthey would like to read the corresponding articles of 48 presented news-headlines. Headlineswere construed to suggest that the valence of the corresponding article would either benegative, positive or neutral and were presented in negative-neutral or positive-neutral pairs.Ratings were provided on 24 bipolar (Study 1) or 48 unipolar (Study 2) items. In line withassumptions, rating-intercorrelations support the existence of general tendencies to prefernegative vs. neutral (and positive vs. neutral) news across different topics. Across studies, thetendency to prefer negative vs. neutral news was correlated with both generalized negativeexpectations and neuroticism. Moreover, negative expectations mediated the relationshipbetween neuroticism and preferring negative news, suggesting that negative informationpreferences may serve to confirm negative expectations in high neuroticism. In contrast,openness/intellect, was linked to higher preferences for any news (Study 2) but particularlyheadlines that indicated high information gain. These findings provide insights intoinformation preferences and mechanisms for stabilizing expectations in personality.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Sosial Siswa Kelas XI Rumpun Teknik SMAN 81 Jakarta
Authors: Silvestri Rahiswarie Kresnawati , Fitrianingsih Roro Ambar , Ariani Elda , Yolanda Tantriana
Published: September 2024

Kesadaran sosial merupakan sebuah proses untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang berpendidikan dan bagaimana hidup dalam masyarakat dengan pemahaman pendidikan yang tinggi sehingga tidak ada perbedaan baik itu kekayaan, kehormatan, maupun kekuasaan melainkan dalam hidup bermasyakat semuanya sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan implementasi pembelajaran berbasis masalah melalui bimbingan klasikal dalam meningkatkan kesadaran sosial siswa kelas XI Rumpun Teknik SMAN 81 Jakarta. Metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimental dengan One Groups Pretest-Posttest Design. Sumber data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI.5 rumpun teknik yang berada di SMAN 81 Jakarta sebanyak 25 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis Uji T (Paired Sample T-Test), maka dapat diperoleh hasil bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu -7.886 < 1.71088 dan Sig. (2 tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perubahan setelah dilakukan bimbingan klasikal dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran sosial siswa kelas XI rumpun teknik SMAN 81 Jakarta.
Passengers in Flight: AI Governance Capacity in the Global South
Authors: Farhad Sami
Published: September 2024

The rapid advance of artificial intelligence (AI) raises profound governance questions for all societies. However, the discourse on AI governance thus far has been led by a small number of countries that are the leaders in AI technology. Little research has been done on how Global South countries can enhance their AI governance capacity. Are the countries of the Global South simply passengers in flight – passive adopters of AI technology, norms, and governance practices developed elsewhere? How much priority should Global South countries give to AI governance in light of the numerous other challenges they face? This article argues that the Global South passengers do have the ability to take meaningful steps to improve their AI governance capacity. The first step is to have a conceptual framework for AI governance. The framework recognizes AI as a general purpose technology whose impact will extend over a multi-decade period, and understands that the distributional outcomes of AI will be determined primarily by the choices societies make, not the technology itself. Hence the pressing challenge of governing AI is not primarily the search for today’s most comprehensive regulation, but rather a long-term process of taking practical, proactive local steps to generate knowledge and gain experience over time. To apply the framework, the article recommends several specific areas of governance for consideration by government, academics, enterprises and civil society in the Global South.
Staying fed: Kin networks and food security in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Viswasam Nikita , Leonard Kenneth , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth , Madhavan Sangeetha
Published: September 2024

Informal urban areas house an increasing share of urban growth on the African continent, with corresponding challenges in sustaining urban household food security and preventing childhood malnutrition. In a landscape of shrinking public safety nets, an unfavorable employment landscape, and the rising cost of natural disasters, kin support networks may offer resilience against the vulnerability of households with young children impacted by structural failures in urban food systems. We evaluate the role of kinship support in strengthening household food security and young children’s dietary diversity – and the influence of relative socioeconomic status (SES) on these relationships - in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Using four waves of longitudinal data on 1,194 mothers collected between March 2022 and October 2023, some captured during periods of food inflation, we find that 1) larger kin support networks offer protection against severe food insecurity for some households, but heighten food insecurity risk for others 2) household SES and network SES feature in reciprocal kin support dynamics that affect the direction of food insecurity outcomes, however 3) larger kin support networks improve children’s dietary diversity, regardless of household and network SES. In contexts of resource-interdependence, researchers should scrutinize the impact of current and proposed policies and programs on stratified food access, particularly on low-income extended family networks that are sensitive to changes in food prices and structural economic changes.
Effects and Remedies of Construction Claims in Hydropower Projects: Case Studies of Selected Medium-Scale Hydropower Projects in Nepal
Authors: Tamang Suraj , Kayastha Gyanendra Prasad , Adhikari Prabesh
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in hydropower projects, including employers, engineers, and contractors, to identify common challenges and propose strategies for minimizing claims. The data analysis involved a questionnaire survey conducted among representatives of employers, engineers, and contractors across seven selected hydropower projects. Similar questionnaires were distributed to gather insights from all three parties involved in the projects. The responses were compiled and analyzed collectively using a general ranking method, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the findings related to the thesis objectives. The analysis revealed that claims significantly impact construction projects, manifesting as both cost overruns and time delays. If not addressed promptly, these claims can escalate into disputes that typically require resolution through Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) procedures or may lead to complex legal proceedings. The study identified several key factors contributing to claims, including inadequate tender documentation, poor record-keeping of daily site events, and the occurrence of major design changes. To mitigate the risks associated with claims in hydropower projects, it is essential to implement several best practices: preparing clear and unambiguous tender documents, maintaining comprehensive daily records of site activities, minimizing design changes whenever possible, ensuring site possession prior to contractor mobilization, and conducting thorough field investigations before finalizing designs.
Editorial and International Advisory Board
Authors: ISTAC Journal
Published: September 2024

Editorial and International Advisory Board
REMEMBERING THE COVENANTS OF THE PROPHET MUḤAMMAD
Authors: Ibrahim Zein  , Ahmed El-Wakil
Published: September 2024

There has, in recent years, been much renewed interest in the covenants that the Prophet Muhammad issued to the non-Muslim communities of his time. This paper argues that the covenants in the hands of non-Muslims possess a great deal of parallels to the compacts that exist in the Muslim sources. When examined through a valuational lens, we find that the textual parallelisms between political documents ascribed to the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs share a common historical memory pointing to good governance and peaceful co-existence as the foundational principles of early Islamic polity. We therefore conclude by making the case that the original treaties of the Prophet would have reflected the Qur’ān’s eternal values of justice in how Muslims ought to govern state affairs and in their tolerance of the other.
MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪʽAH
Authors: Mohamed El-Tahir El-Mesawi
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a prelude, an overview that sheds light on the theoretical underpinnings and historical development of the concept of maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah in the context of Islamic legal theory (ʽilm uṣūl al-fiqh) which touches on methodological and epistemological issues. The bulk of this essay then undertakes a relatively detailed analysis and explication of the substance, content and dimensions of maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah with the clear intention to highlight the relationship of the idea of maqāṣid to the issue of human nature and its bearing on the question of values. It reflects on the general import and ramifications of maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah with regard human life and development in their complex and multifaceted nature.
Anomalous origin of Left Main coronary artery from right sinus presenting as non-ST elevation ACS: A case Report
Authors: Mandal Amit
Published: September 2024

Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are a cause of sudden cardiac death. Of the known anatomic variants, anomalous origination of a coronary artery from an opposite sinus of Valsalva (ACAOS) remains a major clinical issue and a challenging condition to treat. Congenital coronary anomalies are likely to be under-recognized, as completing an anatomic assessment in a very large portion of the population would seem unfeasible. However, we present a case report with image of a 54-year-old female presented with acute non-ST elevation ACS for which she underwent diagnostic angiography of the coronary system which revealed a common origin of both right and left main coronary artery from right sinus of Valsa.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis Presenting as Chronic Ascites with Scrofula: A Case Report
Authors: Bogoslovskaya Galina
Published: September 2024

Bacteria are one of the factors that cause skin infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent type, and because of the frequent use of antibacterial, many of them have become resistant. From this principle, this study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Technology, Islamic University, from January 2023 to May 2023, and the aim of the study is to investigate and detect bacteria that cause skin infections and test the antifungal synergy of with the antibacterials. the results show (Staphylococcus aureus 45%, Escherichia coli,35%, pseudomonas aeruginosa 8%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 5%, klebsiella pneumoniae %4 and proteus mirabilis 1%) and it is necessary to test new antibiotic. The combination of the antifungal itraconazole with the antibacterial amoxicillin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim was tested, and some results gave a higher effect compared to the antibacterial. It is possible to use these synergies for skin infections, and we conclude that the anti-fungal has an effect on the bacteria when it is mixed with other antibiotics.
An Overview of Physicochemical Properties and Engine Performance Using Rubber Seed Biodiesel–Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Blends in Diesel Engines
Authors: Tambunan Bisrul Hapis , Ambarita Himsar , Sitorus Tulus Burhanuddin , Sebayang Abdi Hanra , Masudie Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Rubber Seed Biodiesel (RSB) and Plastic Pyrolysis Oil (PPO) deserve to be considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines, because of their advantages such as large raw material resources, derived from free or waste feedstock and the use of plastic waste as fuel can prevent environmental pollution. Due to their almost identical densities, RSB and PPO can be mixed homogeneously. In general, the use of a mixture of RSB and petroleum diesel in diesel engines shows positive performance, both engine performance and emissions, as well as the use of mixed PPO and diesel fuel. Although RSB has a good cetane number and flash point, on the other hand, RSB also has disadvantages in its physiochemical properties, such as low oxidation stability, high acid value, low heating value, and high viscosity. Likewise, PPO has good oxidation stability, acid value, and viscosity, but the flash point, CO, and HC emissions are also bad. This article tries to describe the opportunity to mix RSB and PPO, to find the best composition between RSB and PPO which shows the best fuel physiochemical properties and engine performance.
Tribology Performance of TiO2-SiO2/PVE Nanolubricant at Various Binary Ratios for the Automotive Air-conditioning System
Authors: Safril Safril , Azmi Wan Hamzah , Mohd Zawawi Nurul Nadia , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar
Published: September 2024

Tribological properties are crucial for air-conditioning system performance. The properties can be improved using nanolubricant. However, the effect of the binary ratio of hybrid nanolubricants on the tribological performance of automotive systems is limited in the literature. Therefore, the present study investigates the tribology performance of TiO2-SiO2 nanolubricants for application in automotive air-conditioning (AAC) systems. The dispersion of TiO2 and SiO2 into PVE lubricant was carried out using a two-step method. Subsequently, the dispersion stability was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The samples were characterised by a volume concentration of 0.010%, with variations in the mixture ratio of 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD) values were determined using the Koehler Four-ball Tribo Tester and Light Compound Microscopy. The investigation revealed that each sample experienced a reduction in COF, with the 40:60 ratio demonstrating the best ratio with the most significant decrease of 37.09%. At the same time, the COF decreased by 8.34%, 2.12%, 7.37%, and 15.11% for the nanolubricant samples at 20:80, 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20, respectively. The WSD evaluation showed that the 40:60 ratio has the lowest scar diameter of 0.0344 mm and a 37.09% wear rate decrease compared to pure lubricant. Each sample exhibits superior performance when evaluated for tribological characteristics and performance, particularly in the case of nanolubricants with the 40:60 ratio. The TiO2-SiO2/PVE, characterised by a volume concentration of 0.010%, has remarkable efficacy across different binary ratios, making it highly recommended with a 40:60 ratio for lubricating AAC compressor systems.
Estimating of Critical Gaps at Uncontrolled Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Al Bargi Walid Abdullah , Rohani Munzilah Md , Daniel Basil David , Khalifaa Nasradeen A , Masirin Mohd Idrus Mohd , Kironde Joel
Published: September 2024

Pedestrian crossing behavior can be studied by estimating critical gap, which is determined by analyzing accepted and rejected gaps by pedestrians. This can provide insight into safety levels at pedestrian facilities. The aim of this study is to determine critical gaps using various methods such as the Logit method, Raff's method, and Wu’s Method. These methods are then compared to identify the most appropriate one. Three locations in Malaysia were selected for data collection based on their land use, number of lanes, and carriageway width. Video cameras were used to capture mixed traffic flow and pedestrian crossing movements simultaneously at the selected sections. The results indicate that the critical gap values obtained from the three methods are highly comparable. Specifically, the Logit Method yielded a critical gap value of 8.4s, while Raff's Method and Wu's Method produced critical gap values of 7.7s and 7.12s, respectively. The study concludes that the Logit method is the most suitable for estimating critical gaps as it takes into account both pedestrian behavior and vehicular characteristics concurrently. The findings of this study have the potential to contribute to the review of design parameters for pedestrian crossing facilities, leading to the improvement of existing facilities and the enhancement of pedestrian safety.
Analysis of the Temperature Variation of Bizarre Thermal Barrier Coatings and their impacts on Engine
Authors: Raja Thirunavukkarasu , Setiyo Muji , Murugan Veeramanikandan , Dhandapani Sathish
Published: September 2024

This article presents Ansys simulations and experimental testing to determine how TBC affects engine performance and emissions. In this work, two distinct thermal barrier coatings have been identified, and the same coating materials were subsequently sprayed onto the pistons of an internal combustion engine. Transient thermal analysis reveals that TBC-1 and TBC-2 coatings reduce surface temperature distributions by 35% and 18%, respectively, and that these engines improve Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) by 8.71% and 7.62%, respectively, compared to non-coated engines operating under full load. TBC-1 and TBC-2 coated engines are found to have Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) reductions of 27.13% and 18.81%, respectively. Complete combustion reduces emissions of CO and HC, as the heat balance sheet indicates because the conversion of energy and mechanical work are enhanced by 3.56 percentage points and 2.0 percentage points, respectively.
Theoretical Experiments on Road Profile Data Analysis using Filter Combinations
Authors: Karmiadji Djoko Wahyu , Rosyidi M. , Widodo Tri , Zaenal Harris , Nurdam Nofriyadi , Kadir Andi M. , Hidayat Sofwan , Bismantoko Sahid , Pramana Nurhadi , Winarno Winarno
Published: September 2024

Identification of road profiles is needed to provide the input of automotive simulation and endurance testing. The analysis with estimation methods is mostly done to identify road profiles. The main goal of analysis methods is to obtain the data of vertical displacements due to road profile measurement. The acceleration data is obtained from measuring road profile by using 4 sensors of accelerometer placed on each car wheel.  The measuring data is converted to be vertical displacement data by using a "double integrator", however, it is not easy to get accurate results since the signal obtained carries a lot of noise and it is necessary to design the right filter reduce the noise. In this study, the signal filtering methods reducing the noise were used Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Kalman Filter (KF) combination. Experiments were carried out by combining Fast Fourier Transform and Kalman Filters using an input signal with unit (volt) in the time domain. In addition, this research focused on preparing the survey data that has been obtained by eliminating the noise to convert becoming the displacement input data for providing the loads of automotive simulation testing.
Heat transfer performance of Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 ternary nanofluids in plain tube with wire coil inserts
Authors: Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Umar Efrizon , Azmi Wan Hamzah , Sari Alvika Meta
Published: September 2024

The ternary nanofluids are considered due to their advantages in overcoming the stability drawback of mono and binary nanofluids. This study aims to heat transfer performance of Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 ternary nanofluids in plain tube with wire coil under experimental. The ternary nanofluids were formulated using the composition ratio of 20:16:64 by volume in various volume concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0%. Thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of ternary nanofluids were measured with KD2 Pro Thermal Properties Analyzer and Brookfield LVDV III Rheometer. Experimental forced convection heat transfer was carried out using a fabricated setup for Reynolds numbers from 2,300 to 12,000 at bulk temperature of 70 °C in plain tubes with wire coil inserts (0.83 ≤ P/D ≤ 2.50). Experimental results are highest thermal conductivity enhancement of 24.8% was obtained for ternary nanofluids at 3.0% volume concentration. The 3.0% volume concentration also shows the highest viscosity at all temperatures. The maximum heat transfer improvement for ternary nanofluids in a plain tube with wire coil (P/D-0.83), was attained by 3.0% volume concentration of up to 199.23%. The average TPF of the wire coil increases compared to the plain tube and improves further with volume concentrations in the range of 2.39 to 2.84.
Performance and emission of a spark-ignition engine using gasoline-plastic pyrolysis oil blends
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Suyitno Suyitno , Arifin Zainal , Setiyo Muji
Published: September 2024

In response to the problem of plastic waste, this study investigates the conversion of PET waste plastics into Pyrolysis Plastic Oil (PPO) as an environmentally sustainable alternative energy source, aiming to tackle the pressing issue of plastic waste accumulation. Accordingly, the research comprehensively evaluates the physicochemical properties of PPO, examines its impact on engine performance, and determines the optimal concentrations for blending with gasoline. The investigation uncovers the potential of PPO through precise material preparation involving PET plastic waste pyrolysis, employing meticulous testing and analysis for comprehensive insights. Engine testing, conducted on a 125 cc, 4-stroke motorized vehicle, scrutinizes power, torque, and exhaust emissions under various PPO and gasoline blends. The findings reveal distinctive relationships between PPO ratios and engine behavior, emphasizing the need for nuanced fuel blending. The examination extends to fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption (SFC) testing, highlighting PPO's superior SFC. Exhaust emission testing demonstrates reduced emissions with heightened PPO concentration, showcasing its positive environmental impact. The results contribute valuable insights into PPO's viability as an alternative fuel source and its potential role in mitigating plastic waste. A comparative analysis with existing literature enriches our understanding of the field, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in fuel formulation. While PPO may not achieve performance parity with conventional gasoline, its environmental benefits and efficient waste utilization underscore its significance for a sustainable future. Further research is encouraged to optimize PPO properties and blending ratios, paving the way for an eco-friendlier energy landscape.
Rheological modelling of carbonyl-iron particles (CIP) paraffin oil-based magneto-rheological fluids
Authors: Emagbetere Eyere , Samuel Olusegun David , Otanocha Omonigho Benedict
Published: September 2024

New types of magneto-rheological fluids are increasingly being developed lately, but there is a dearth of information on the performance of commonly used rheological models for emerging MRFs such as carbonyl-iron particles (CIP) paraffin-oil-based MRF. This work aims to investigate the performance of some rheological models for application in predicting shear stress and yield strength in an emerging MRF suitable for flow-mode applications. CIP, low viscosity paraffin oil, and lithium grease were used as magnetic particles, carrier fluid, and additives, respectively, to prepare the MRF. Based on different mixing proportions determined with the Taguchi method of experimental design, sixteen samples were prepared following a standard procedure. For each sample, the values of viscosity and shear stress were determined using a viscometer and rheometer, respectively, with an incorporated self-developed magnetic device. By fitting the data and using the multi-objective nonlinear programming solver in Micro-soft Excel to determine optimum parameters for each model, the Bingham Model, Herschel–Buckley Model, Casson Model, Cross models, and Power-law were used to model the experimental data. Predicted shear stress values and yield strength were then analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% confidence level. The relative errors were determined using RMSE, Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Error. There was a significant variation in the predicted outcomes of all the models. Overall, all the models gave relatively acceptable results. However, the Herschel-Buckley model gave the best results, while the Casson model gave the worst results, judging by their values of errors. It is shown that the Herschel-Buckley model should be best used for predicting the rheological characteristics of CIP and paraffin oil-based MRF.
Experimental evaluation on the power characteristic of direct-photovoltaic charging for thermal storage equipment
Authors: Rahman Reza Abdu , Sulistyo Sulistyo , Utomo Mohamad Said Kartono Tony Suryo , Ragil Dimas , Suyitno Budhi Muliawan
Published: September 2024

Thermal storage is an essential equipment for storing excessive heat, especially for water heating systems. The present work proposes a preliminary study to maximize the operation of thermal storage using photovoltaics as the primary source for charging the heat storage material. The assessment indicates the concept is feasible, where the output power from photovoltaics can be directly converted to heat using a heating element. The power ratio is considerably high (up to 38.6%), resulting in the maximum temperature of the heat absorber material (water) increasing to 43.2 °C. The final assessment using suitable phase transition material shows that steady phase behavior is essential to maximizing the temperature profile of the material. It is achieved using stabilized-hexadecanoic acid, which shows a transient phase transition at a temperature of 54.2 °C, reducing the possibility of heat loss with an average temperature rate of 0.54 °C/min in the discharge stage. This finding proves the proposed concept is applicable, while further improvement can be done to adjust the suitable power output from photovoltaic and storage tank arrangement for the actual system. Despite that, the result is expected to accelerate the utilization of photovoltaics as reliable solar renewable technology.
Wpływ wykluczenia cyfrowego na rozwój e-doręczeń
Authors: Wach Karol
Published: September 2024

Celem artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie czy i w jaki sposób wykluczenie cyfrowe może wpłynąć na rozwój e-doręczeń w kontekście wdrażanie nowych technologii w procesie doręczania korespondencji. Podjęta została próba przeanalizowania zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego, w trzech wybranych jego aspektach. To: świadomość społeczna, dostęp do internetu oraz rozwiązania prawne. W każdym z tych obszarów dostrzegalne są potencjalne zagrożenia, które mogą mieć w mniejszym lub większym zakresie wpływ na rozwój i wdrażanie e-doręczeń. Proces ten napotyka, jak każda nowość, na pewne bariery. Rolą państwa powinno być więc dążenie do ich pokonania. Docelowo bowiem należy dążyć do całkowitego zastąpienia tradycyjnych doręczeń tymi elektronicznymi. Wdrożenie tej koncepcji nie będzie jednak możliwe bez wyeliminowania zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego.
Odpowiedzialność beneficjenta środków europejskich i osób działających w jego imieniu za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych
Authors: Redo Jarosław
Published: September 2024

Poruszony w artykule problem jest istotny, ponieważ blisko trzyletnie opóźnienie w rozpoczęciu wdrażania programów w ramach perspektywy finansowej 2021-2027 może przyczynić się do mniej efektywnego rozdysponowania i nieprawidłowości wydatkowania środków europejskich. Publiczny charakter tych środków wymaga zapewnienia odpowiedniej ochrony. Jest ona realizowana na dwóch poziomach – prewencyjnym (na etapie procedury konkursowej) oraz następczym poprzez sankcje o charakterze ekonomicznym, administracyjnym i karnym. Ustawodawca uznał, że samo odzyskanie środków nie jest wystarczające i zdecydował się na daleko idącą represyjność wobec beneficjentów. Instrumentarium represyjności obejmuje odpowiedzialność korporacyjną (wykluczenie z możliwości ubiegania się o środki europejskie) oraz indywidualną (osobistą): karną, karno-skarbową i za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych.
Celem opracowania jest analiza oraz ocena prawidłowości ukształtowania zakresu podmiotowego i przedmiotowego ostatniej z wymienionych, a także próba odpowiedzi na pytania: czy i w jakim stopniu przesłanki nieprawidłowości są tożsame z przesłankami odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych oraz czy ten rodzaj odpowiedzialności zapewnia odpowiednią ochronę środków unijnych?
W toku wywodu ustalono częściową tożsamość wskazanych przesłanek oraz przedstawiono postulaty de lege ferenda dotyczące włączenia w zakres odpowiedzialności karnoskarbowej wykorzystania środków niezgodnie z procedurami obowiązującymi przy ich wydatkowaniu, a w zakres odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów nienależnego pobrania środków. Ponadto, dane statystyczne wykazały znikomą dolegliwość i nieuchronność kar za naruszenie dyscypliny, co poddaje w wątpliwość zasadność jej funkcjonowania w systemie prawa.