bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and use of Canadian Armed Forces mental wellbeing programs and resources among Regular Force personnel
Authors: Therrien Megan E. , Gottschall Shannon , Wang Zhigang , Daugherty Carina
Published: September 2024

To support broader efforts to empower military personnel to improve their health and wellbeing, the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) have implemented numerous mental wellbeing programs and resources. The aim of the present study was to better understand factors that may drive awareness and use of these programs/resources. Data from the Your Say Survey, which is routinely administered to CAF members to assess their perceptions of policies and programs, were analyzed to identify key predictors of awareness and use of programs and resources promoting positive mental health at the individual, unit leader, and organizational levels. The survey was completed in 2021 by a stratified random sample of 1,743 Regular Force members, which was weighted to be representative of the CAF Regular Force population. Awareness of most programs/resources that were considered was found to be quite high, whereas use was comparatively low. Results of logistic regression analyses revealed that program/resource awareness was generally lower among younger CAF members, those who were single and had no dependent children, and those who indicated their supervisors infrequently demonstrated positive behaviours around mental health. Awareness also varied depending on the organizational command in which CAF members worked. It was found that CAF members were generally more likely to have used the program/resource if they reported poorer self-rated mental health and were older. Similar to program/resource awareness, use varied significantly depending on CAF members’ organizational command. The potential implications of these findings for enhancing awareness of mental wellbeing programs and resources in the CAF, and in occupational settings as a whole, are discussed.
Dietary-Based Diabetes Risk Score and breast cancer: a prospective evaluation in the SUN project
Authors: Aguilera-Buenosvinos Inmaculada , Martínez-González Miguel A. , Romanos-Nanclares Andrea , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , de Andrea Carlos E. , Domínguez Ligia J. , Toledo Estefania
Published: September 2024

An association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and breast cancer risk has been reported. This association can be potentially explained by alteration of the insulin/IGF system. Therefore, we aimed to prospectively investigate whether a previously reported Dietary-Based Diabetes Risk Score (DDS) inversely associated with T2D was also associated with breast cancer risk in the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) cohort. We followed up 10,810 women (mean age = 35 years, SD = 11 years) for an average of 12.5 years during which 147 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. A validated 136-item FFQ was administered at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. The DDS (range: 11 to 55 points) positively weighted vegetables, fruit, whole cereals, nuts, coffee, low-fat dairy, fiber, PUFA; while it negatively weighted red meat, processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The DDS was categorized into tertiles. Self-reported medically diagnosed breast cancer cases were confirmed through medical records. We found a significant inverse association between the intermediate tertile of the DDS score and overall breast cancer risk (Hazard ratio, HRT2 vs. T1= 0.55; 95% CI: 0.36–0.82) and premenopausal breast cancer risk (HRT2= 0.26; 95% CI: 0.13–0.53), but not for the highest tertile. This association was stronger among women with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (pinteraction: 0.029). In conclusion, moderate adherence to the DDS score was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with a lower BMI. These findings underscore the importance of antidiabetic diet in reducing the risk of breast cancer.
Democracy and Foreign Direct Investment in BRICS-TM Countries for Sustainable Development
Authors: Cutcu Ibrahim , Keser Ahmet
Published: September 2024

The study aims to examine the long-term cointegration between the democracy index and foreign direct investment (FDI). The sample group chosen for this investigation comprises BRICS-TM (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey [Türkiye], and Mexico) countries due to their increasing strategic importance and potential growth in the global economy. Data from 1994 to 2018 were analyzed, with panel data analysis techniques employed to accommodate potential structural breaks. The level of democracy serves as the independent variable in the model, while FDI is the dependent variable. Inflation and income per capita are considered control variables due to their impact on FDI. The analysis revealed a long-term relationship with structural breaks among the model’s variables. Democratic progress and FDI demonstrate a correlated, balanced relationship over time in these countries. Therefore, governments and policymakers in emerging economies aiming to attract FDI should account for structural breaks and the correlation between democracy and FDI. Furthermore, the Kónya causality tests revealed a causality from democracy to FDI at a 1% significance level in Mexico, 5% in China, and 10% in Russia. From FDI to democracy (DEMOC), there is causality at a 5% significance level in Mexico and a 10% significance level in Russia. Thus, the findings suggest that supporting democratic development with macroeconomic indicators in BRICS-TM countries will positively impact foreign direct capital inflows.

Graphical Abstract
Monte Carlo methods for medical imaging research
Authors: Lee Hoyeon
Published: September 2024

In radiation-based medical imaging research, computational modeling methods are used to design and validate imaging systems and post-processing algorithms. Monte Carlo methods are widely used for the computational modeling as they can model the systems accurately and intuitively by sampling interactions between particles and imaging subject with known probability distributions. This article reviews the physics behind Monte Carlo methods, their applications in medical imaging, and available MC codes for medical imaging research. Additionally, potential research areas related to Monte Carlo for medical imaging are discussed.
Roadmapping Roadmapping: Strategic planning for roadmapping systems
Authors: Phaal Robert , Chaskel Clemens , Gonzalez Nakazawa Ricardo , Ross Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Roadmapping is a well-established technique in the context of innovation and strategy, with the potential to support organizations address the complex transformative challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. This is enabled by its systems-based architecture and visual form of roadmaps, supporting communication and reduction of information asymmetries in complex sociotechnical systems. This paper focuses on an adaptation of the roadmapping method to support strategic planning for roadmapping systems in organizations, addressing implementation challenges. This represents a novel application of roadmapping to business processes and systems, demonstrating the flexibility of the roadmapping approach. A workshop template (‘R2’) and process for supporting the roadmapping of roadmapping systems is presented, developed and refined through a series of six industrial cases, and illustrated with an application example in the additive manufacturing sector.
Online Prosumers and Penal Policy Formation in an Age of Digital Polarization and Populism: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Lavorgna Anita , Corda Alessandro
Published: September 2024

This article explores the influence of right-wing social media users on penal policy formation processes. Through a passive digital ethnography approach, the study examines online debates preceding and following recent legislative interventions adopted in Italy by the new right-wing government in power since late 2022, namely the criminalization of unauthorized rave parties and the punitive approach to migration management. The article discusses the role of social media users as prosumers, who both consume and produce content, and shows how social media platforms amplify political polarization by promoting selective exposure to like-minded viewpoints and facilitating the spread of divisive content. It also showcases how prosumers contribute to the propagation of punitive narratives and engage in direct interactions with populist leaders through social media platforms. Conversely, political leaders—specifically Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni in this case study—use these platforms to disseminate their narratives and create support for their penal policies, employing fear-mongering tactics and simplistic messaging. Our findings suggest that, while social media platforms have transformed political discourse, in the Italian scenario their direct influence on penal policy making from the ground-up remains limited. Instead, traditional top-down channels continue to dominate the process of penal policy formation.
A Statistical Study of the Properties of, and Geomagnetic Responses to, Large, Rapid Southward Turnings of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Lazzeri Chiara , Samsonov Andrey , Forsyth Colin , Branduardi‐Raymont Graziella , Bogdanova Yulia V.
Published: September 2024

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) north‐south component, Bz, plays a crucial role in the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. We analyze 98 intervals in which Bz changed from >3 nT to <−3 nT in 5 min and for which these rapid southward turnings (STs) were surrounded by consistently northward or southward IMF. We separate out events in proximity of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions. We find that IMF magnitude, solar wind dynamic pressure and proton density (but also flow speed in ICME‐related events) near the turnings are enhanced above their medians. We analyze the maximum responses of the SML, SMU, SYM‐H, and PCN magnetospheric indices and their timescales, along with the occurrence of geomagnetic phenomena. We find that most STs were followed by either substorms (60.20%) or enhanced convection (37.76%). While SML has similar median minima (∼−460 nT) and timescales (∼56 min) for substorm and convection events, SMU has noticeable differences. STs were followed by geomagnetic storms (SYM‐H ≤ −50 nT) in 46.94% of events within 12 hr, with more storms following ICME‐related turnings. PCN has peaks (median 3.8 mV/m) around 30 min after the turning, and larger ones (median 4.9 mV/m) later. Stronger solar wind driving and magnetospheric responses are observed for ICME‐related events. The correlation between the geomagnetic and solar wind parameters around STs reveals a more direct link between solar wind driving and geomagnetic response for STs than at other times.
Moisture and Aerosols as Key Drivers of the Turbulent State of Arctic Mixed‐Phase Clouds During Idealized Moist Intrusions
Authors: Dimitrelos Antonios , Ekman Annica M. L. , Caballero Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have shown that low‐level mixed‐phase clouds that form during idealized moist intrusions into the Arctic can exist in either a stable (stratus) or a convective (stratocumulus) state. Here, we examine the conditions that promote a transition from the stable to the convective state through idealized simulations using a three‐dimensional large‐eddy simulation model coupled with a one‐dimensional multilayer sea ice model. We find that the vertical distribution of the initial dew point temperature (Td) profile fundamentally influences whether a transition between the two states occurs or not. If the initial moisture content of the advected airmass decreases rapidly with height, then a turbulent transition is likely to occur and a stratocumulus cloud can form. However, the availability and properties of aerosols as well as the cloud ice content can delay or even prevent stratocumulus formation, regardless if the conditions in terms of the initial Td profile are favorable. A low cloud ice water content promotes a stably stratified cloud layer and delays the transition. Furthermore, if no cloud condensation nuclei are available at the base of the cloud when a cloud‐layer instability forms, then there is no new droplet formation, the buoyancy remains low and the cloud remains as a stratus. Our results suggest that the low‐level mixed‐phase cloud evolution and the thermodynamic transition of an airmass during a moist intrusion into the Arctic are closely linked to the aerosol processing by the cloud, that is, a chemical transformation, and that the two processes should be considered simultaneously.
A More Sustainable Way to Attend Distant Science Conferences
Authors: J�ger Felix , Bloin-Wibe Luna , Zhu Donghe , Wernli Heini
Published: September 2024

For AGU’s annual meeting in 2023, a virtual hub in Z�rich combined remote presentations and in-person viewing groups to reduce travel but keep in-person interactions.
Turbulence Generation via Nonlinear Lee Wave Trailing Edge Instabilities in Kuroshio‐Seamount Interactions
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Yu , Chang Ming‐Huei , Lien Ren‐Chieh , Chang Jia‐Xuan , Chen Jia‐Lin , Jan Sen , Yang Yiing Jang , Vladoiu Anda
Published: September 2024

Physical processes behind flow‐topography interactions and turbulent transitions are essential for parameterization in numerical models. We examine how the Kuroshio cascades energy into turbulence upon passing over a seamount, employing a combination of shipboard measurements, tow‐yo microstructure profiling, and high‐resolution mooring. The seamount, spanning 5 km horizontally with two summits, interacts with the Kuroshio, whose flow speed ranges from 1 to 2 m s−1, modulated by tides. The forward energy cascade process is commenced by forming a train of 2–3 nonlinear lee waves behind the summit with a wavelength of 0.5–1 km and an amplitude of 50–100 m. A train of Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billows develops immediately below the lee waves and extends downstream, leading to enhanced turbulence. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate is O (10−7–10−4) W kg−1, varying in phase with the upstream flow speed modulated by tides. KH billows occur primarily at the lee wave's trailing edge, where the combined strong downstream shear and low‐stratification recirculation trigger the shear instability, Ri < 1/4. The recirculation also creates an overturn susceptible to gravitational instability. This scenario resembles the rotor, commonly found in atmospheric mountain waves but rarely observed in the ocean. A linear stability analysis further suggests that critical levels, where the KH instability extracts energy from the mean flow, are located predominantly at the strong shear layer of the lee wave's upwelling portion, coinciding with the upper boundary of the rotor. These novel observations may provide insights into flow‐topography interactions and improve physics‐based turbulence parameterization.
Aberration-robust monocular passive depth sensing using a meta-imaging camera
Authors: Cao Zhexuan , Li Ning , Zhu Laiyu , Wu Jiamin , Dai Qionghai , Qiao Hui
Published: September 2024

Depth sensing plays a crucial role in various applications, including robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous driving. Monocular passive depth sensing techniques have come into their own for the cost-effectiveness and compact design, offering an alternative to the expensive and bulky active depth sensors and stereo vision systems. While the light-field camera can address the defocus ambiguity inherent in 2D cameras and achieve unambiguous depth perception, it compromises the spatial resolution and usually struggles with the effect of optical aberration. In contrast, our previously proposed meta-imaging sensor1 has overcome such hurdles by reconciling the spatial-angular resolution trade-off and achieving the multi-site aberration correction for high-resolution imaging. Here, we present a compact meta-imaging camera and an analytical framework for the quantification of monocular depth sensing precision by calculating the Cramér–Rao lower bound of depth estimation. Quantitative evaluations reveal that the meta-imaging camera exhibits not only higher precision over a broader depth range than the light-field camera but also superior robustness against changes in signal-background ratio. Moreover, both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the meta-imaging camera maintains the capability of providing precise depth information even in the presence of aberrations. Showing the promising compatibility with other point-spread-function engineering methods, we anticipate that the meta-imaging camera may facilitate the advancement of monocular passive depth sensing in various applications.
Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes
Authors: Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: September 2024

Functional dyes exhibit intriguing properties in response to external stimuli related to their optical, electronic, structural, and energetic characteristics and enable unique stimuli-responsive functions in materials by collaborating with polymers, particularly when chemically incorporated into the polymer structures. As well as the structures and properties of functional dyes, polymers, assemblies, and materials, the interactions between these components are important to the functions of materials. In this review, we introduce our recent studies conducted in the past half decade on stimuli-responsive smart polymers and polymeric materials based on functional dyes that are chemically incorporated into the polymer structures, with a special focus on light, force, electric fields, and chemicals including water in a variety of external stimuli. For example, these polymers and materials offer switchable adhesion, mechanical actuation, and chemical sensing.
Interfacial dynamics mediate surface binding events on supramolecular nanostructures
Authors: Christoff-Tempesta Ty , Cho Yukio , Kaser Samuel J. , Uliassi Linnaea D. , Zuo Xiaobing , Hilburg Shayna L. , Pozzo Lilo D. , Ortony Julia H.
Published: September 2024

The dynamic behavior of biological materials is central to their functionality, suggesting that interfacial dynamics could also mediate the activity of chemical events at the surfaces of synthetic materials. Here, we investigate the influence of surface flexibility and hydration on heavy metal remediation by nanostructures self-assembled from small molecules that are decorated with surface-bound chelators in water. We find that incorporating short oligo(ethylene glycol) spacers between the surface and interior domain of self-assembled nanostructures can drastically increase the conformational mobility of surface-bound lead-chelating moieties and promote interaction with surrounding water. In turn, we find the binding affinities of chelators tethered to the most flexible surfaces are more than ten times greater than the least flexible surfaces. Accordingly, nanostructures composed of amphiphiles that give rise to the most dynamic surfaces are capable of remediating thousands of liters of 50 ppb Pb2+-contaminated water with single grams of material. These findings establish interfacial dynamics as a critical design parameter for functional self-assembled nanostructures.
Cavity Floquet engineering
Authors: Zhou Lingxiao , Liu Bin , Liu Yuze , Lu Yang , Li Qiuyang , Xie Xin , Lydick Nathanial , Hao Ruofan , Liu Chenxi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Chou Yu-Hsun , Forrest Stephen R. , Deng Hui
Published: September 2024

Floquet engineering is a promising tool to manipulate quantum systems coherently. A well-known example is the optical Stark effect, which has been used for optical trapping of atoms and breaking time-reversal symmetry in solids. However, as a coherent nonlinear optical effect, Floquet engineering typically requires high field intensities obtained in ultrafast pulses, severely limiting its use. Here, we demonstrate using cavity engineering of the vacuum modes to achieve orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the effective Floquet field, enabling Floquet effects at an extremely low fluence of 450 photons/μm2. At higher fluences, the cavity-enhanced Floquet effects lead to 50 meV spin and valley splitting of WSe2excitons, corresponding to an enormous time-reversal breaking, non-Maxwellian magnetic field of over 200 T. Utilizing such an optically controlled effective magnetic field, we demonstrate an ultrafast, picojoule chirality XOR gate. These results suggest that cavity-enhanced Floquet engineering may enable the creation of steady-state or quasi-equilibrium Floquet bands, strongly non-perturbative modifications of materials beyond the reach of other means, and application of Floquet engineering to a wide range of materials and applications.
Investigating dynamics, etiology, pathology, and therapeutic interventions of Caligus clemensi and Vibrio alginolyticus co-infection in farmed marine fish
Authors: Abdelsalam Mohamed , Attia Marwa M. , Marzouk Mohamed Sayed , Korany Reda M. S. , Elgendy Mamdouh Y. , Soliman Asmaa W. , Prince Abdelbary , Hamada Ahmed H.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated a disease outbreak characterized by caligid copepod infestations and subsequent secondary bacterial infections in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) cultivated at a private facility in the Deeba Triangle region of Egypt. Moribund fish displayed brown spots on the skin, tongue, and gills, along with lethargy and excess mucus. The fish suffered severe infections, exhibiting external hemorrhages, ulcers, and ascites. The fish had pale, enlarged livers with hemorrhaging. Comprehensive parasitological, bacteriological, molecular, immunity and histopathological analyses were conducted to identify the etiological agents and pathological changes. Caligid copepod infestation was observed in wet mounts from the buccal and branchial cavities of all examined fish, and the caligids were identified as Caligus clemensi through COI gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Vibrio alginolyticus was confirmed as a secondary bacterial infection through biochemical tests, recA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in V. alginolyticus isolates. Upregulation of the inflammatory marker IL-1β in gill and skin tissues indicated a robust cell-mediated immune response against the pathogens. Histopathological examination revealed severe tissue damage, hyperplasia, hemorrhage, and congestion in the gills, along with hepatocellular degeneration and steatosis in the liver, providing initial insights into this outbreak. A comprehensive therapeutic regimen was implemented, comprising prolonged hydrogen peroxide immersion baths, followed by the application of the nature-identical plant-based compound Lice-less and probiotic Sanolife Pro-W supplementation. This integrated approach effectively eliminated C. clemensi infestations, controlled secondary bacterial infections, and restored fish health, reducing morbidity and mortality rates to minimal levels.
Microstructure and tribological behavior of Al–TiC composite strips fabricated by a multi-step densification method
Authors: Habba Mohamed I. A. , Barakat Waheed S. , Elnekhaily Sarah A. , Hamid F. S.
Published: September 2024

This study aims to enhance the tribological properties of automotive applications by examining the effects of TiC content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior. This study investigates the production of Al–TiC composite strips using a novel multi-step densification process combining mechanical alloying and hot rolling with TiC concentrations ranging from 0 to 12 vol%. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive approach to developing and analyzing Al–TiC composite strips using a multistep densification method. This study integrates microstructural analysis, mechanical property evaluation, and detailed tribological behavior assessment under different wear loads (5–25 N). A key innovation is the application of the Abbott Firestone method to analyze worn surfaces, providing insights into optimal wear conditions. The study reveals that increasing the TiC content to 12 vol% significantly improves densification, hardness (up to 268.8% increase), and wear resistance (up to 95% improvement at a 5N load). Dry ball-on-flat sliding wear tests at loads of 5–25N demonstrate that TiC particles hindered complete delamination wear in the composite strips. The Abbott Firestone method analysis of worn surfaces indicated an optimal exploitation zone in the Al-6 vol% TiC composite at both low and high wear loads. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights into optimizing Al–TiC composites for enhanced performance in automotive components that require improved wear resistance.
Twists through turbidity: propagation of light carrying orbital angular momentum through a complex scattering medium
Authors: Khanom Fatima , Mohamed Nawal , Lopushenko Ivan , Sdobnov Anton , Doronin Alexander , Bykov Alexander , Rafailov Edik , Meglinski Igor
Published: September 2024

We explore the propagation of structured vortex laser beams-shaped light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM)-through complex multiple scattering medium. These structured vortex beams consist of a spin component, determined by the polarization of electromagnetic fields, and an orbital component, arising from their spatial structure. Although both spin and orbital angular momenta are conserved when shaped light propagates through a homogeneous, low-scattering medium, we investigate the conservation of these angular momenta during the propagation of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with varying topological charges through a turbid multiple scattering environment. Our findings demonstrate that the OAM of the LG beam is preserved, exhibiting a distinct phase shift indicative of the ‘twist of light’ through the turbid medium. This preservation of OAM within such environments is confirmed by in-house developed Monte Carlo simulations, showing strong agreement with experimental studies. Our results suggest exciting prospects for leveraging OAM in sensing applications, opening avenues for groundbreaking fundamental research and practical applications in optical communications and remote sensing.
Blood based metabolic markers of glioma from pre-diagnosis to surgery
Authors: Löding Sebastian , Antti Henrik , Sjöberg Rickard L. , Melin Beatrice , Björkblom Benny
Published: September 2024

Gliomas are highly complex and metabolically active brain tumors associated with poor prognosis. Recent reports have found altered levels of blood metabolites during early tumor development, suggesting that tumor development could be detected several years before clinical manifestation. In this study, we performed metabolite analyses of blood samples collected from healthy controls and future glioma patients, up to eight years before glioma diagnosis, and on the day of glioma surgery. We discovered that metabolites related to early glioma development were associated with an increased energy turnover, as highlighted by elevated levels of TCA-related metabolites such as fumarate, malate, lactate and pyruvate in pre-diagnostic cases. We also found that metabolites related to glioma progression at surgery were primarily high levels of amino acids and metabolites of amino acid catabolism, with elevated levels of 11 amino acids and two branched-chain alpha-ketoacids, ketoleucine and ketoisoleucine. High amino acid turnover in glioma tumor tissue is currently utilized for PET imaging, diagnosis and delineation of tumor margins. By examining blood-based metabolic progression patterns towards disease onset, we demonstrate that this high amino acid turnover is also detectable in a simple blood sample. These findings provide additional insight of metabolic alterations during glioma development and progression.
Klebsiella LPS O1-antigen prevents complement-mediated killing by inhibiting C9 polymerization
Authors: Masson Frerich M. , Káradóttir Salvör , van der Lans Sjors P. A. , Doorduijn Dennis J. , de Haas Carla J. C. , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , Bardoel Bart W.
Published: September 2024

The Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen. Its treatment has been complicated by the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. The human complement system is an important part of our innate immune response that can directly kill Gram-negative bacteria by assembling membrane attack complex (MAC) pores into the bacterial outer membrane. To resist this attack, Gram-negative bacteria can modify their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Especially the decoration of the LPS outer core with the O-antigen polysaccharide has been linked to increased bacterial survival in serum, but not studied in detail. In this study, we characterized various clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and show that expression of the LPS O1-antigen correlates with resistance to complement-mediated killing. Mechanistic data reveal that the O1-antigen does not inhibit C3b deposition and C5 conversion. In contrast, we see more efficient formation of C5a, and deposition of C6 and C9 when an O-antigen is present. Further downstream analyses revealed that the O1-antigen prevents correct insertion and polymerization of the final MAC component C9 into the bacterial membrane. Altogether, we show that the LPS O1-antigen is a key determining factor for complement resistance by K. pneumoniae and provide insights into the molecular basis of O1-mediated MAC evasion.
Microextraction techniques with deep eutectic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis: a minireview
Authors: Fan Binyue , Wei Jianan , Yang Junchao , Yang Liu , Shuang ShaoMin
Published: September 2024

This review discusses the development and application of DESs in microextraction techniques for gas chromatographic analysis, showcasing their efficiency, environmental benefits, and potential to replace traditional solvents in analytical chemistry.
Silver ion-regulated reliable and rapid detection technique for alkaline phosphatase based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bai Xiangru , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming
Published: September 2024

A SERS-based technique is developed for the fast detection of ALP in human serum within several minutes with highly improved accuracy and reproducibility.
Electrophilic molecule-induced π–π interactions reduce energy disorder of the hole transport layer for highly efficient perovskite solar modules
Authors: Wang Lei , Yuan Shihao , Qian Feng , Zhang Ting , Zheng Hualin , Li Xiaobo , Lan Tianyu , Xu Qien , Zhang Peng , Li Shibin
Published: September 2024

Co-assembled the highly electrophilic FCNO2 with PTAA can effectively reduce the energy disorder of NiOx/PTAA through π–π interactions and charge transfer, thereby achieving an efficiency of 20.6% and excellent stability in 100 cm2 inverted PSM.
Resilient sustainable current and emerging technologies for foodborne pathogen detection
Authors: Bhowmik Debarati , Rickard Jonathan James Stanely , Jelinek Raz , Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola
Published: September 2024

Integration of industry 5.0 principles: human-centric, sustainable, resilient with the “farm-to-fork” supply chain via using advanced technologies to ensure food safety and quality whilst linking sustainable practices with socioeconomic innovation.
Exploring the stability and catalytic activity of monoethanolamine functionalized CuO electrode in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: de Almeida Jéssica C. , Lopes Osmando F. , Shviro Meital , da Silva Gelson T. S. T. , Ribeiro Caue , de Mendonça Vagner R.
Published: September 2024

The article investigates the use of monoethanolamine-functionalized CuO nanoparticles for enhancing the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Key findings include significant improvements in current density and stability over 100 hours.
Atomic-level design of biomimetic iron–sulfur clusters for biocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Sufei , Liu Di , Fan Kelong , Liu Haile , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: September 2024

Schematic representation of the structural regulation strategy and progress of Fe–S clusters.
Direct vapour transport grown Cu2SnS3 crystals: exploring structural, elastic, optical, and electronic properties
Authors: Raval Jolly B. , Chaki Sunil H. , Patel Sefali R. , Giri Ranjan Kr. , Solanki Mitesh B. , Deshpande Milind P.
Published: September 2024

Copper tin sulphide (Cu2SnS3) (CTS) has emerged as a potent material for applications in photovoltaic, thermoelectric, electrochemical, biological, and other fields.
New phenanthrenequinones from Cymbidium ensifolium roots and their anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglial cells
Authors: Thant May Thazin , Hasriadi Hasriadi , Poldorn Preeyaporn , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Rojsitthisak Pornchai , Böttcher Chotima , Towiwat Pasarapa , Sritularak Boonchoo
Published: September 2024

The roots of Cymbidium ensifolium yielded a total of 17 compounds, comprising two new compounds (1–2), one new natural product (3), and 14 known compounds (4–17).
Controlling the size and elastic modulus of in-aqueous alginate micro-beads
Authors: Cappello Jean , Miguet Jonas , Dewandre Adrien , Ergot Lucie , Gabriele Sylvain , Septavaux Jean , Scheid Benoit
Published: September 2024

A novel microfluidic method produces perfectly spherical and structurally homogeneous alginate beads directly in water, reducing environmental impact. By adjusting the alginate composition, this method allows access to a wide range of Young's moduli.
Banana DNA derivatives as homeotropic alignment layers in optical devices
Authors: Węgłowski Rafał , Spadło Anna , Węgłowska Dorota
Published: September 2024

In this study, DNA extracted from bananas was functionalized and used as a homeotropic alignment layer for liquid crystals.
Multi-metal (Fe, Cu, and Zn) coordinated hollow porous dodecahedron nanocage catalyst for oxygen reduction in Zn–air batteries
Authors: Pan Yanan , Yang Qi , Liu Xiaoying , Qiu Fan , Chen Junjie , Yang Mengdie , Fan Yang , Song Haiou , Zhang Shupeng
Published: September 2024

The coupling of multiple low-cost metals and porous nanocarbon materials aimed at replacing precious metals to enhance electrocatalytic oxygen reduction is a critical challenge in some crucial research areas.
The fourth order flux observer with in‐loop filter for permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless control
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Luo Ciyong , Jia Xiaoshu , Xing Zihao
Published: September 2024

Given the presence of various non‐ideal conditions, such as detection errors, converter non‐linearity, noise, and parameter mismatches, the flux model experiences the introduction of DC bias and high‐frequency harmonics, which subsequently deteriorate the accuracy of flux estimation. To dispose these issues, an improved non‐linear flux observer (FOIFFO) using a second‐order generalised integrator as an in‐loop filter is proposed for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The observer demonstrates robust performance in eliminating DC bias and having a strong filtering ability for high‐order harmonics even without amplitude and phase compensation to accurately estimate the rotational speed and rotor position. The performance of the method is analysed by transfer functions and bode plots, while the discretisation method of the FOIFFO is proposed. Finally, the new sensorless control strategy is verified by synthesising the experimental results.
A wearable circulator‐like circularly polarised antenna for full‐duplex wireless body area network applications
Authors: Thakur Ajeet , Sharma Ashwani , Zuazola Ignacio J. Garcia
Published: September 2024

A circulator‐like high gain, unidirectional, dual circularly polarised (DCP) wearable antenna with a low specific absorption rate of 0.088 W/kg for 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band ( GHz) full‐duplex wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed. The DCP full‐duplexing is achieved by a closed‐loop feedback structure between its orthogonal‐ports with enhanced axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and good impedance matching. The antenna is backed with a electromagnetic bandgap array that allows for improved directionality, AR and isolation between the ports. The cross‐polarisation level above 17 dB is attained in the broadside direction, in both the E‐plane and the H‐plane, indicating good polarisation discrimination. Since the total power at each respective port is maintained and not halved ( dB) with the measured port isolation of  dB in real scenarios (with the potential evidence of  dB) within the ISM band, that leads to a circulator‐like antenna, meaning that a typically cascaded circulator/duplexer can be relieved and leave to the digital processing any self‐interference challenge of full duplex systems through digital cancelation techniques, which alleviates the overall costs of RF hardware and eases integration. Even though dual linear polarization as well as DCP can be supported, the closed‐loop feedback structure uses a port as Tx (RHCP) and the other one as Rx (LHCP) simultaneously with enhanced AR bandwidth. Without this structure, it would require a circulator/duplexer for DCP full‐duplex operation and the associated added insertion losses and/or power (if duplexers) for operation, together with a polarisation misalignment problem that is undesired in wearable WBAN applications.
Exploring the Current State of Evidence of Homeopathic Interventions for Substance Abuse: A Scoping Review and Evidence Mapping
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Baidurjya , Chatterjee Tania
Published: September 2024

Substance addiction poses a significant public health challenge globally, with diverse treatment approaches continually under exploration. Homeopathy, a complementary medical system, has gained attention for its potential role in managing substance addiction. However, the existing literature on homeopathic interventions in this context remains scattered and heterogeneous. The primary objective of this scoping review is to systematically assess and map the existing literature on homeopathic interventions for various types of substance addiction to understand the extent and nature of available evidence in the management of substance addiction disorders and highlight gaps that warrant further investigation. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine-specific databases, using a predefined search strategy for studies published until December 2023, with a focus on various substance addictions and homeopathic interventions. Data extraction and synthesis involved categorizing key themes and summarizing findings to provide a systematic presentation of the literature. A total of 17 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in a final sample of nine studies meeting predefined criteria. These studies, conducted between 1994 and 2021, varied in design, such as single-arm studies and randomized controlled trials. Key themes extracted from the studies included the types of substances addressed and homeopathic interventions employed. The synthesis revealed notable patterns and trends, including positive outcomes such as reductions in cravings and improvements in withdrawal symptoms across various substance addictions. The observed findings suggest a significant paucity and heterogeneity in the in the current state of evidence, thus highlighting, the need for more rigorous and standardized research in this field. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on homoeopathic interventions for substance addiction.
Enrollment in a Behavioral Health Program Positively Impacts 2-Year Cumulative Survival Rates in Osteochondral Allograft Transplant Patients
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Rucinski Kylee , Stucky Renee , Stannard James P. , Crecelius Cory R. , Stoker Aaron M. , Nuelle Clayton W. , Cook James L.
Published: September 2024

Emerging evidence suggests that patients' behavioral health may influence outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT). A comprehensive behavioral health program (BHP) including preoperative screening and education, and postoperative counseling and support, led by a health behavior psychologist was implemented for patients considering OCAT. We hypothesized that patients undergoing knee OCAT and enrolled in the BHP would have a significantly higher 2-year graft survival rate than those not enrolled. Prospectively collected data for patients undergoing knee OCAT enrolled in the lifelong outcomes registry were analyzed. Based on the timing of implementation of a comprehensive BHP to provide preoperative screening and education followed by postoperative counseling and support, BHP and no-BHP cohorts were compared. Treatment failure was defined as the need for either OCAT revision surgery or knee arthroplasty. The Kaplan–Meier method using log-rank tests compared cumulative survival rates. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine the effects of confounding variables on the influence of BHP enrollment on graft survival. A total of 301 patients were analyzed (no-BHP = 220 and BHP = 81). At 2-year follow-up, a significantly lower cumulative graft survival rate was observed for patients not enrolled in the BHP (68.2 vs. 91.4%; p = 0.00347). Adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, tobacco use, tibiofemoral bipolar OCAT type surgery, and nonadherence, patients not enrolled in the BHP were 2.8 times more likely to experience OCAT treatment failure by 2 years after primary OCAT compared with patients in the BHP (95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.98; p = 0.01). A comprehensive BHP contributes to significant improvements in 2-year graft survival rates following OCAT in the knee. Preoperative mental and behavioral health screening and support for shared decision-making regarding treatment options, in conjunction with patient and caregiver education and assistance through integrated health care team engagement, are beneficial to patients pursuing complex joint preservation surgeries. Level of evidence is 2, prospective cohort study.
NanoRidge filters: Fabrication strategies and performance optimization for nano-scale microfluidic particle filtration
Authors: Smithers Jared P. , Sheu Jerry , Richardson Brian , Hayes Mark A.
Published: September 2024

Filters with high throughput, minimal dead volume, and greater sensitivity to particle size are needed, which traditional benchtop filtration cannot provide. Leveraging microfabrication techniques developed by the electronics and optics industries, the filters presented here feature a unique serpentine “NanoRidge” structure, offering a continuous filtration gap spanning over three meters on a compact 4 × 14.5 mm2 footprint. This design provides more precise size filtration cut-offs and consistent flow paths compared to traditional membrane filtration systems. Despite challenges associated with glass substrate deformation impacting uniform filter gap sizes, the study provides valuable insights into the development of NanoRidge filters (NRFs) for enhancing filtration efficiency in preparatory techniques and sample analysis. This study describes the fabrication and testing of these new filter types and directly compares the performance to traditional membrane filters using the metrics of particle size cut-off (the smallest difference in particle size which can be filtered vs passed) and particle loss. The NanoRidge filters were characterized using imaging (during fabrication, post-fabrication and use, fluorescent particles captured and small molecule dye), pressure and flow measurements, and a series of particle sizes “filter or pass” studies. Particle capacity (100–250 nm) ranged from 5 × 108 to 7 × 109 in 1 ml samples at a flow rate of 100 μl/min with backpressure in the range of 1–3 Bar. The optimized fabrication procedure for the 150 nm NRF yielded a small particle recovery of 95% while also achieving a large particle filtration of 73%. High filtration efficiency was also proven in the final 60 and 80 nm NRF fabrication procedures at 96% and 91%, respectively.
A comprehensive review of South Australia’s Great Artesian Basin spring and discharge wetlands biota
Authors: Beasley-Hall P. G. , Hedges B. A. , Cooper S. J. B. , Austin A. D. , Guzik M. T.
Published: September 2024

Context The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) feeds thousands of springs in Australia’s arid centre, supporting relictual species not found elsewhere on Earth. Springs are considerably threatened by ongoing water abstraction by industry. Robust management plans are needed to prevent further extirpations of GAB taxa, but fundamental biodiversity knowledge is lacking. Aims We aimed to characterise major organismal groups in South Australian GAB springs and surrounding wetlands, their conservation and taxonomic status, and potential biodiversity hotspots and connectivity of spring ecosystems. Methods Focusing on South Australia as a case study, we conducted a comprehensive review of GAB spring biota based on the published scientific and grey literature. Key results Almost 500 taxa have been recorded from GAB springs, the majority being invertebrates. Community composition is highly heterogeneous among spring clusters and the true extent of spring biodiversity is far greater than currently known. Conclusions GAB springs have intrinsic value as refugia for both endemics and cosmopolitan taxa. GAB invertebrates are poorly conserved and largely lacking in taxonomic knowledge. We highlight several potential biodiversity hotspots that have been overlooked in the literature. Implications Fundamental biodiversity information on the GAB is crucial for decision making in conservation management, for industry, and for Traditional Custodians.
Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels
Authors: Bonney Stephanie K. , Nielson Cara D. , Sosa Maria J. , Bonnar Orla , Shih Andy Y.
Published: September 2024

In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease. Deterioration of capillary networks is a feature of many neurological disorders and injuries and how this web is engaged during vascular damage remains unknown. We performed in vivo two-photon microscopy on young adult mural cell reporter mice and induced focal capillary injuries using precise two-photon laser irradiation of single capillaries. We found that ~59% of the injuries resulted in regression of the capillary segment 7 to 14 d following injury, and the remaining repaired to reestablish blood flow within 7 d. Injuries that resulted in capillary regression induced sustained vasoconstriction in the upstream arteriole-capillary transition (ACT) zone at least 21 days postinjury in both awake and anesthetized mice. The degree of vasomotor dynamics was chronically attenuated in the ACT zone consequently reducing blood flow in the ACT zone and in secondary, uninjured downstream capillaries. These findings demonstrate how focal capillary injury and regression can impair the microvascular sensory web and contribute to cerebral hypoperfusion.