bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of bronchial asthma among the urban and rural population of Penza region
Authors: Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Shkadov S A , Orlov Yu A , Batanova B A , Kulakova I A , Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Orlov Y A , Shkadov S A , Batanova V A , Kulakova LA
Published: July 2021

The aim of the Study. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in various age groups among the urban and rural population of Penza region.
Materials and Methods. A questionnaire-based screening was performed among 4212 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 14 and 2150 adults aged between 20 and 60 in Penza. Respectively, 2195 and 3193 patients of the same age groups were tested in rural settlements. Allergic diagnostics was carried out by means of the skintesting method applying the standard set of allergens (household, pollen and epidermal).
Results. The prevalence of AR among the juveniles aged 7 and 13 was respectively 2,7 and 5,9 % in Penza; 2,3 and 4,3% in rural settlements. The prevalence among the adults was 5,7-3,6%, which several times outnumbers the indexes of the official statistics. The atypical form of BA prevailed. The sub-diagnosis of the disease was conditioned by the light form of BA with weak symptomatic manifestations prevailing among the patients under study. Conclusion. It is necessary to improve the measures on primary diagnosis and treatment of BA, which shall considerably increase the efficacy of the therapy employed and improve the prognosis of the disease.
Treatment of nasal polyposis. Mometasone furoate. Review
Authors: Kochetkov P A , Lopatin Andrey Stanislavovich , Kochetkov P A , Lopatin A S
Published: July 2021

This publication is devoted to review of safety and efficacy of mometasone furoate for treatment of nasal polyposis. Authors present the results of last researches of this topic with high level of evidence. In the article authors review the following questions: system biovialability, using mometasone furoate as monotherapy and after surgery for treating nasal polyposis. Adverse events, safety and the reasons of unsuccessful treating were resumed.
Methodology of the inflammation level evaluation in nasalsecretions
Authors: Mokronosova M A , Kochetova Yu I , Mokronosova M A , Kochetova Yu I
Published: July 2021

The questions of local nasal inflammation typical for allergic and infectious rhinitis are discussed. These proteins appear in nasal cavity in the beginning of the disease earlier than in the blood. That's why it is necessary to collaborate new non - invasive methods of new markers diagnostics of local inflammation.
Problems of diagnostic evaluation and prophylaxis of drug allergy to local anesthetics
Authors: Luss L V , Shartanova N V , Luss I V , Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

This review represents modern data about the mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostics problems and prophylaxis of drug allergy to local anesthetics.
Influence of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy on dynamics of immunological parameters in patients with pollinosis
Authors: Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Myagkova M A , Molotilov B A , Shkadov S A , Petrochenko S N , Kiseleva R Yu , Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Myagkova M A , Molotilov B A , Shkadov S A , Petrochenko S N , Kiseleva R Y
Published: July 2021

Background. To study the influence of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (slASIT) on dynamics of immunologic parameters in patients with pollinosis.
Materials and methods. 40 healthy persons and 25 pollinosis patients received slASIT course with mixt of autumn grasses allergen. IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE antibodies, slgA, albumin in saliva and IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE antibodies, total IgE, IFN-γ, IL-4 in serum were investigated.
Results. Patients with pollinosis have infringements of both local and general immunity. SlASIT changes a profile of cytokines aside Th-1, stimulates formation of the secretory allergen-specific antibodies, reduces IgE antibodies in saliva.
Conclusion. SlASIT is a highly effective method of allergic diseases treatment and it induces B-cellular and T-cellular tolerance.
PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF BALNEOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS ON INTAKE OF NATURAL HIGH MINERALIZED WATER DURING MEDICAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Luzgina N G , Shkurupiy V A , Potapova O V , Devizorova O V , Luzgina N G , Shkurupy V A , Potapova O V , Devizorova O V
Published: July 2021

Background. To study pathogenetic features of the normal type balneological response on intake of natural high mineralized water during medical rehabilitation in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients in comparison with relapse of the disease.
Materials and methods. There were studied some clinical, morphological and immunological parameters and nature of correlative interlinks between their values in AD patients with different immunopathogenetic forms of the disease (IgE-dependent and IgE-independent AD) during both the relapse of the disease and development of the normal type balneological response at the treatment with natural high mineralized water. Results. The highest interlinks were between the clinical indices of disease severity during exacerbation of IgE-dependent AD and IgE, IL4, TNFб, IL 1в levels, dense infiltrate in derma; at exacerbation period of IgE-independent AD - TNFб and IL 1в dense inflammatory infiltrates in derma and number of degranulating mastocytes in their composition; at developing of the balneological response - only the number of degranulating mastocytes in composition of inflammatory infiltrates and a slightly increased TNFб level. Conclusion. The treatment of AD patients with natural high mineralized water is followed with the normal type balneological response characterized with slightly increased THFб level and is not associated with immunopathological processes, typical for the relapse of the disease, and therefore, it's medical correction is not required.
Age dependence on the clinical signs frequency of the immune system dysfunction amongthe personnel of Mountain-chemical plant in Krasnoyarsk region, according to monitoringin2007-2008
Authors: Vasil'ev A A , Oradovskaya I V , Mel'nikov G Ya , Feoktistov V V , Vikulov G Kh , Mansurova Yu G , Kalashnikova N E , Skripkina L E , Trikman O P , Vasiliev A A , Oradovsraya L V , Melnikov G Y , Feoktistov V V , Vikulov G Ch , Mansurova Yu G , Kalashnikova N E , Skripkina L E , Trickman O P
Published: July 2021

Background. Improvement of the specialized allergological and immunological care to the personnel of Mountain-chemical plant (MCP) in Krasnoyarsk region and population living in the area of its placing. Methods. The analysis of age occurrence of clinical symptoms of the dysfunction of immune system by results of specialized clinical, immunological and allergological evaluations during spring - autumn of 2007 and spring of 2008 is carried out. 765 persons from the personnel of MCP and 185 persons of the population from the area around were examined. The analysis of dynamics of clinical symptoms of immune dysfunction in MCP personnel and the population was performed in age groups: before 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60 years and more .
Results. The general frequency of clinical symptoms of dysfunction of immune system in MCP personnel had no significant differences between age groups but in all groups of the personnel at the age of 30-60 years was significantly lower, in comparison with the population (p
Oral allergen-specific immunotherapy of food allergy in children
Authors: Pampura A N , Smirnova M O , Pampura A N , Smirnova M O
Published: July 2021

In the majority of children with food allergy tolerance to food develops within the years. However in a number of patients the food allergy stays for life and patients are compelled to adhere an eliminative diet, during which there is a threat of the allergenic product occasional exposure constantly. Recent studies showed the efficacy of oral immunotherapy with different products in food allergy in children. In this article we reviewed the experience of oral allergen-specific immunotherapy with different foods.
Place ofcromoglicate acid in clinical practice
Authors: Shartanova N V , Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

According to the statistics data about 40% of the population of the world suffer from allergic diseases. A variety of the factors participate in activation and formation of allergic illnesses, assume the use of a wide spectrum of medical products for correction and changes arising at an allergic inflammation. It is necessary to note that a basis of treatment of these diseases is preventive maintenance. We will stop in detail at the group of preparations of cromoglicate acid, which is widely used in clinical practice for prevention of exacebrations and treatment of allergic diseases. Some features of cromons such as a high profile ofsafety, good tolerance, possibility of long using in pediatrics and during pregnancy, low system bioavailability and economic advisability will be discussed.
Prediction of food allergy manifestation in children
Authors: Pampura Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Varlamov E E , Pampura A N , Varbmov E E
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to natural history and problems of prediction of food allergy. In article the data about significant criterion of prediction of history food allergy are cited.
Efficiency and safety of nasal spray NASAVAL for prevention and treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zakharzhevskaya T V , Sidorenko Irina Valentinovna , Treskunov V K , Karaulov A V , ZakharzJievskaya T V , Sidorenko I V , Treskunov V K , Karaulov A V
Published: July 2021

In article the data of open non comparative clinical research is cited according to efficiency and safety of microdisperse cellulose powder used for prevention and treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis (AR).
DIAGNOSIS OF DELAYED DRUG ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Authors: Romanova T S , Myasnikova T N , Khludova L V , Smirnov V G , Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

Mechanisms of delayed druginduced allergies (DDIA), individual features of the immune response to the drug, influence of various cofactors (concomitant pathology, viral infection, insolation, etc.) create difficulties in diagnostics of drug allergy (DA). Identification and elimination of a causative drug allows to prevent the development of severe allergic reactions. Verification of DA diagnosis during the survey allows to avoid the unreasonable lifelong ban on application of certain drug, which often leads to decreasing of treatment efficiency and increasing its cost. In vitro diagnostic tests are safe, but laborious and expensive. This article will provide the review of literature, reflecting a modern view on the diagnosis of DDIA.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Varlamov E E , Fedenko E S , Treneva M C , Voronina V R , Zaporozhtseva Z V , Ilyasova M A , Pampura A N , Elisyutina O G
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolated from the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) children. Materials and methods. 256 AD children were included in the study in 2014-2016. Microbiological examination of skin scraping and determination of antibiotics sensitivity were performed. Results. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 173 (67,6%) of 256 patients. Resistance to erythromycin was established in 64,6 and 74,6%, respectively. Retrospective analyses showed that S. aureus became more sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin but more resistant to erythromycin. Conclusion. Ceftriaxone and cefoxitin but not erythromycin and ampicillin are the drugs of choice for the treatment of atopic dermatitis complicated by secondary infection in children.
THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF NEUTROPHILS IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMBINATION WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND COMMUNITY-ACOUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Negrutsa K V , Tymchyk V G , Golubeva V I , Alexandrin V A , Razumovskaya T S
Published: July 2021

217 people were examined including BA patients (n=78), patients with COPD (n=38), patients with combined asthma and COPD (n=39), and community-acquired pneumonia patients (n=17). The control group represented patients with essential hypertension and coronary heart disease (n=25) and 20 healthy persons. NE, AAT, phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FGC), oxygen blast, respiratory function and FeNO, serum IgE and IgG antibodies to Strept. pneumoniae, Neisseria perflava, Haemofil. influenzae and Staph. aigai were determined in all patients. The indicators of the functional state of neutrophils reflected the degree and severity of bronchopulmonary inflammation. Patients with bronchial asthma in combination with COPD had bacterial inflammation, manifested by bronchial obstruction with increasing level of AAT. These features were absent in patients with BA and COPD.
CLINICAL PROPERTIES OF FOOD ALLERGENS
Authors: Fedorova O S , Fedotova M M , Ogorodova L M , Kamaltynova E M , Nagaeva T A
Published: July 2021

Food allergy is the problems of great interest in medical community. Usually food allergy starts in infants and it is one of the main reasons of severe allergic reactions, including death as a result of anaphylaxis. In the last two decades, the development of molecular allergology facilitated significant progress in understanding of basis of food allergy. Researches in field of molecular allergology revealed that a food source can contain several different proteins responsible for allergic reaction development. Molecular structure and stability of epitopes of allergenic proteins can lead to sensitization development and severity of clinical manifestations. The aim of the present paper is to review the latest data on molecular allergology in the field of perspective diagnostics and therapeutic approaches to food allergy.
ACTUALIZED INFORMATION ON THE USE OF LEVOCETIRIZINE IN URTICARIA
Authors: Astafieva N G , Kobzev D Y , Gamova I V , Perfilova I A , Udovichenko E N , Mikhaylova I E , Skuchaeva L V
Published: July 2021

Urticaria is a widespread disease with various phenotypes, duration and severity of the course, a pronounced effect on the quality of life. Despite the heterogeneity of the disease, a huge variety of provoking triggers, the activation of mast cells is still considered the key link in pathogenesis, and therefore antihistamines of the 2nd generation remain effective and safe drugs for treatment of urticaria. The process of improving antihistamines actively continues, one of the directions is the search for molecules based on the release of more active and safe enantiomers from already known drugs (example: levocetirizine from cetirizine). Information on levocetirizine, the efficacy and safety of which in the treatment of urticaria in both adults and children, has been demonstrated in a number of well-planned randomized controlled clinical trials, as well as in various preclinical studies, due to the accumulation of new data, the advent of generic drugs, and also a new scale for assessing the quality of clinical data in the GRADE system needs to be updated. The present review is devoted to solving this problem.
GLUCOSAMINYLMURAMYL DIPEPTIDE IN THE THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE SYNDROME OF SECONDARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Skorokhodkina O V , Luntsov A V
Published: July 2021

Background. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (likopid) is a selective NOD2 receptor agonist, its ability to activate phagocytes proves its use in infectious manifestations in asthma patients. Its influence on the adaptive immunity, was studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of likopid in patients with atopic bronchial asthma and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. Materials and methods. 44 patients with uncontrolled atopic bronchial asthma with recurrent respiratory tract infections were examined. Patients of group I received likopid 10 mg orally once a day during 10 days additionally to the complex therapy. Patients of group II received only complex therapy without likopid. The immune parameters, disease control parameters, frequency of exacerbations and spirography data in patients of two groups before the treatment and after 10 days, 1 and 3 months were assessed. Results. Both I and II group patients (91,6%) showed similar deviations of the immune status parameters in general, a depression of the functional activity of phagocytes was noted in 83,3% of cases. Patients of group I were characterized by the achievement of better asthma control in 1 month of treatment, while the frequency of asthma exacerbations required revision of therapy was lower in patients of group I than in patients of group II (8,3% and 45%, respectively, p
THE STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ARG25PRO OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR Β1 GENE AND C634G OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR GENE WITH THE RISK OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Lebedenko A A , Shkurat T P , Mashkina E V , Semernik O E , Dreyzina T K
Published: July 2021

The growth factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are played a particular role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the study of the genetic aspects of their association with risk of atopic dermatitis development in children is of great practical and scientific interest. Background. To study the association of the Arg25Pro polymorphisms of the TGF-β gene and the C634G gene of the VEGF gene with the risk of atopic dermatitis in children. Methods. Allelic variants of Arg25Pro gene TGF-β1 and S634G VEGFA gene in children with atopic dermatitis were studied with method of allelespecific polymerase chain reaction. The control group consisted of patients I and Ila of the health groups of the corresponding sex and age. Results. The results of genetic studies have shown that the occurrence frequency of genotype polymorphism Arg25Pro TGF-β1 gene in patients did not have significant differences from control group (p>0,05). Moreover, among patients who are heterozygous for the gene Arg25Pro TGF-β1, significantly more often had moderate (77,78%) and severe (33,33%) of course of the disease. It is established that the relationship between inheritance of C and Gallele polymorphism C634G VEGFA gene and the development of atopic dermatitis is also statistically significant (χ2=0,33, p=0,57). Conclusion. The study of polymorphisms of Arg25Pro gene of TGF-β and C634G gene of VEGF did not reveal a significant relationship between their inheritance and development of atopic dermatitis in children.
EBASTINE. A REASONABLE CHOICE
Authors: Gushchin I S , Danilicheva I V
Published: July 2021

Data on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of ebastin, a review of clinical studies of therapy of allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria and other dermatoses are presented.
Clinical contraindications to allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Pavlova K S , Galitskaya M A
Published: July 2021

It presents an analysis of international position papers, federal clinical recommendations and national publications focused on contraindications to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in recent years. In details absolute and relative clinical contraindications to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are described.
Achievments of control of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms: the results of open, randomized comparative study of second generation antihistamines
Authors: Bodnya O S , Nenasheva N M , Andrenova G V , Siniavkin D O , Bodnya Y V , Kubanova E T
Published: July 2021

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is one of the most common allergic diseases. The first choice for control of SAR symptoms is the second-generation antihistamines (AHP-II). The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of ebastine 20 mg/day, cetirizine 10 mg/day, and loratadine 10 mg/day in adult patients with mild symptoms of SAR due to pollen grass allergy. 30 patients aged 18 to 65 years who received treatment for 14 days took part in the study. The duration of the study for one patient varied from 25 to 28 days. As a result, the efficiency of all three AHP II in the control of mild symptoms of SAR was demonstrated. However, the analysis of the scales (TNSS and TNNSS) after the end of the 14-day treatment period revealed that compared to patients treated with loratadine and cetirizine (TNSS scale (p=0,0303), TNNSS (p=0,0091) the best results were observed in the group of patients taking ebastine. Moreover, patients who received the ebastine experienced a statistically insignificant but steady tendency to decrease the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in nasal flushing (-37,9% of the baseline values), in contrast to loratadine and cetirizine. All drugs showed a high safety profile. To conclude, the investigated AHPs -II are effective and safe in control of mild symptoms of SAR in adult patients, though the rate of onset of the effect and its level for nasal and non nasal symptoms was significantly higher in patients receiving ebastine 20 mg compared to cetirizine 10 mg and loratadine 10 mg.
Fixed drug eruption in the practice of the allergist-immunologist
Authors: Romanova T S , Myasnikova T N , Khludova L G , Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

Fixed drug eruption is a type of allergic reaction to a medicine. The mechanism of this disease is delayed type of hypersensitivity. The spectrum of causative medicines can be variable. A careful history and drug provocation tests in vivo in most cases allow to make a diagnosis accurately and identify the offending drug allergen.
ACOUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Khaitov R M , Gudima G O
Published: July 2021

HIV/AIDS is one of the most important problems of world health care. Number of HIV infected individuals in the world are about 40 millions and continue rising. Fight against HIV/AIDS is one of United Nations’ «Millenium Goals». Efforts of many research institutions and unprecedented financial resources are mobilized for counteraction of the disease. Despite intensive investigations there are no radical treatment or effective preventive vaccine, which is able to protect vulnerable populations from HIV infection. The key steps of HIV/AIDS investigations, development of drugs and strategies of prevention and treatment of the disease, and also perspectives of epidemic control are reviewed.
Modern view on immunopathogenesis of asthma
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Zhestkov A V , Nagatkin D A , Kulagina V V , Nagatkina O V
Published: July 2021

The modern approaches to the understanding of inflammation in the lower airways in asthma are discussed in the article. we present some recent studies that demonstrate the variety of mechanisms of the inflammatory response and the heterogeneity of patients with bronchial asthma. the immunological particularities of asthma endotypes and phenotypes are shown in this article.
AGE-RELATED PATHOGENTIC SPECIFICITY OF CYTOKINE PROFILE IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Varlamov E E , Elisyutina O G , Vinogradova T V , Fedenko E S , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Background. In this article the results of own research of the cytokine profile in atopic dermatitis (AD) adults and children depending on age are provided. Materials and methods. 88 patients with AD (54 children aged from 1 year to 16 years old and 24 adults aged from 21 years to 56 years old) were included in the study. Cytokine profile of a number of cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-22, IL-31, IL-33, and transforming growth factor TGFβ1, eotaxin, eotaxin2 was examined. Results. Significant differences in IL-22, CC chemokines (eotaxin and eotaxin-2) and TGFβ levels depending on the age and severity of atopic dermatitis were found.
ASTHMA PHENOTYPES DIFFICULT TO TREAT: THE POSSIBILITY TO ACHIVE A CONTROL
Authors: Nenasheva N M , Belevskiy A S , Fassahov R S , Emelyanov A V
Published: July 2021

Asthma is a widespread, phenotypically heterogeneous, chronic disease characterized by inflammation and airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and recurrent symptoms of respiratory discomfort. On the one hand, the treatment of asthma is based on the determination of the severity and on the control of symptoms. On the other hand, it is based on the risk management of exacerbations. The control of asthma in most patients is achieved as a result of conventional treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or a combination of them with long-acting beta-2-agonists. However, a substantial proportion of patients with difficult asthma phenotypes (severe atopic asthma, asthma and obesity, smoker’s asthma, asthma in the elderly, asthma with fixed airflow obstruction) can be refractory to the conventional therapy. Additional therapy with the long-acting anticholinergic drug such as tiotropium can optimize the control in these patients. This article describes the complex phenotypes of asthma and the clinical cases of tiotropium efficacy in therapy of such patients.
Сoncomitant conditions in children’s clinical allergist practice. Difficult patients
Authors: Revyakina V A , Shekhetov A A , Kiseleva M A , Larkova I A , Kuvshinova E D , Shavkina M I , Mukhortykh V A
Published: July 2021

The article presents the clinical case of epidermolysis bullosa and atopic dermatitis in child. Such patients require in-patient treatment due to severe progressive course of the disease and the ineffectiveness of therapy.
TO THE ISSUE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Gornostaeva Y A , Varfolomeeva M I , Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

In the article the principal approaches to immune analyses depending on various clinical situations are dicussed.
MANAGEMENT OF GRANULOMATOUS LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE WITH RITUXIMAB IN A PATIENT WITH COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Latysheva T V , Latysheva E A , Martynova I A , Pampura A N , Aminova G E
Published: July 2021

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent clinically important form of primary immunodeficiencies (PID). CVID is characterized by a wide variability of complications which can affect almost all organs and systems. Infectious complications are more typical, but non-infectious complications, in particular granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), have more strong influence on the course, prognosis and severity of the disease and the patient’s quality of life. GLILD is a challenge not only from a diagnostic point of view (manifestations are often misdiagnosed and treated as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, lymphoproliferative disease), but also in terms of treatment strategy selection. Rituximab - is one of the most promising methods of GLILD therapy, which showed its efficiency in limited clinical observations. A clinical case of successful treatment of GLILD associated with CVID, using rituximab on the background of a regular replacement immunotherapy with immunoglobulin for intravenous administration (IVIG) is described in this article.
Zinc preparations in atopic dermatits treatment
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V
Published: July 2021

The article presents data about the role of such important essential trace element Zinc in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the use of zinc - preparations in the complex treatment of AD patients.
ALLERGIC RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS: CLINICAL FEATURES AND RATIONAL TREATMENT
Authors: Sobolev A V , Aak O V , Pyatakova A V
Published: July 2021

One of the most common problems in basic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is concomitant viral infection. In these cases antiviral and immunomodulatory medications adding to the therapy could be useful. Recent data showed clinical efficacy of a new medication - allergoferon (recombinant human interferon α -2b + loratadine) in ARC treatment. The pharmacological action of allergoferon is achieved due to its antihistaminic, anti-itching, anti-exudative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties. In this study clinical efficacy and safety of allergoferon in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has been shown.
Correction of Stevens-Jonson syndrome - an adverse event of antibiotic therapy
Authors: Fatenkov O V , Kuzmina T M , Rubanenko O A , Lobankova O I , Arsenjeva E A
Published: July 2021

Stevens-Johnson syndrome refers to the type B of adverse reactions to drugs according to WHO classification and is severe systemic allergic reaction of delayed type. This syndrome is a severe variant of multiform erythema in which both skin and mucous membranes symptoms are observed. In the article literature data on etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome as well as clinical case of 24 years old woman with this syndrome are represented.
The control of skin allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis with topical calcineurin inhibitors
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Erina O A
Published: July 2021

Modern approaches to topical treatment of atopic dermatitis patients with calcineurin inhibitor - pimecrolimus are presented in the review.
Peculiarities of non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome
Authors: Utesheva V A , Bondareva G P , Kryukov A I , Barkhina T G
Published: July 2021

Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is a syndrome containing the symptoms similar to allergic rhinitis, with absence of atopy and the presence of eosinophila more than 20% in smears from nasal mucosa. Pathophysiology of NARES has not been studied completely, but permanent eosinophilic inflammation is the keystone of NARES pathogenesis. This disease is marked by local eosinophilic infiltration without atopy, confirmed by negative skin tests, normal levels of total and specific IgE in serum, negative nasal provocation tests with allergens. Nowadays this nosology is considered to be poorly understood.
Immunologic reactivity and metabolic activity of blood lymphocytes associated with pathogenic form of allergic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kolenchukova O A , Smirnova S V , Lapteva A M
Published: July 2021

We had studied functional and metabolic activity of blood lymphocytes in allergic rhinosinusitis (ARS) - atopic ARS and polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS). ARS is characterized by the increased level of CD25+ and HLA-DR+-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, IgA concentration in blood serum and sIgA in nasal secretion. At the same time the deviation of immune response is directed towards Th2-lymphocytes and is accompanied by high content of IL-4 and IL-6 in blood serum and nasal secretion. The activity of metabolic enzymes in blood lymphocytes in ARS is caused by exasperation of plastic processes, intensification of lipoid catabolism and increase of the speed of both anaerobic and aerobic oxidation. There are the following specific features of PRS: high level of CD19+-cells, activation of Thl-lymphocytes and high level of those cytokines, which they produce (IFN-γ and IL-2 in blood serum and nasal secretion). At the same time intensification of aerobic enzymes and lipoid metabolism and decreasing of anaerobic processes and aminoacid metabolism in blood lymphocytes are in the progress.
Exercise-induced asthma: epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapy peculiarities
Authors: Tsarev S V
Published: July 2021

The article discusses pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment approaches in exerciseinduced asthma and post-exercise bronchoconstriction. Arguments in favor of using antileukotriene medications in complex treatment of patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are presented.
Modern approaches to specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis children
Authors: Slavyanskaya T A , Derkach V V , Sepiashvili R I
Published: July 2021

This review presents the results of scientific research studies, systematical and metaanalyses data which confirm clinical efficiency of allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in atopic dermatitis (AD) children. This review shows prospects for the use of combined immunotherapy, including ASIT and immunomodulators.
The prevalence of allergy to fish in children in Tomsk region
Authors: Fedorova O S , Ogorodova L M , Fedotova M M , Petrovskiy F I , Evdokimova T A , Balasheva I I
Published: July 2021

Objective. To investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of FA to fish in children in Tomsk region. Patients and methods. In the screening stage the crosssectional study based on screening questionnaires in random samples of children aged 7-10 years (n=13 010) was performed as a part of EuroPrevall project (EuroRrevall, № FP62006TTCTU5 Proposal 045 879). Those, who reported adverse reactions to food in the screening stage were considered as cases (n=652), children without reported reactions were controls (n=636). The casecontrol stage included the completion of a clinical questionnaire, skinprick test to fish (ALK Abellö, Spain), measurement of serum total and specific IgE to fish, componentresolved diagnostics: Cyp c 1, Gad m 1 (ImmunoCAP, ISAC, Phadia, Sweden). Results. The prevalence of verified FA to fish in children 7-10 years in the Tomsk region amounted to 0,32%; in urban children - 0,32%, in rural children - 0,31% (p=0,9). The main manifestations were skin symptoms, oral allergy syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms. Anaphylactic shock developed in 15% of children with FA to fish. Conclusion. Fish is one of the main triggers of FA in children in Tomsk region, which leads to severe clinical manifestations , including lifethreatening conditions.
Allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis: one disease - two clinical forms
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

This paper has summarized some questions of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis classification, diagnosis and treatment. The rapid onset of effect, high efficiency and low bioavailability determine the feasibility of local antihistamines to treat AR and AK, especially in case of a local failure.
Contact dermatitis as a result of the aggression of the environment. How to treat?
Authors: Kuznetsova Y K
Published: July 2021

Background. To estimate the efficiency, tolerability of mometasone furoate cream «Momat» in treating of allergic contact dermatitis. Methods. There were involved 42 patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis. The patients were applying mometasone furoate cream 1 time per day during 2-3 weeks according to the submitted written instructions. Index SCOREPI (SCOre de Reparation de l’EPIderme) and 5D-scale assessment of pruritus (index shows changes in the sensation of pruritus over time) have been used as the methods of estimation of the efficiency of therapy. Results. In 98% of participants compliance with prescribed therapy was achieved. This corresponds to a global data about the impact of various factors on adherence of patients suffering from allegic contact dermatitis. Researchers evaluated the tolerability of «Momat» cream as «good» in the majority of cases and «very good» or «excellent» in 93% of patients. Conclusion. According to the study it can be concluded that application of «Momat» cream once a day during 2 weeks is effective and safe.
New opportunities for treatment of severe bronchial asthma: from clinical studies to portraits of patients
Authors: Nenasheva N M
Published: July 2021

The proportion of patients with controlled asthma has increased over the last 15 years, however, still there is a significant proportion of patients who do not achieve control of the disease, and therefore have a high risk of exacerbations, hospitalizations, and poor quality of life. Patients with severe asthma, for which there were limited additional pharmacotherapy are the major problem. For the first time in recent years in the treatment of asthma a new class of drugs appeared: longacting anticholinergics - tiotropium which had been entered in stepwise therapy of asthma by GINA 2015. The definition of severe asthma, the role of the cholinergic nervous system in bronchial asthma, mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of tiotropium in severe bronchial asthma adults are described in the article.
Relvar Ellipta® - new molecule in a new delivery system - new horizons in the treatment of bronchial asthma
Authors: Nazarova E V , Latysheva E A
Published: July 2021

Bronchial asthma is a serious socio-economic problem despite of the availability of highly effective therapy for control of symptoms. The gold standard of asthma therapy is high effective and safe combination of ICS+LABA. However, even use of these drugs leave more than half of patients around the world without full control over the symptoms of the disease. This leads for necessity of the search of new therapies - molecules as new drugs and new means for delivery, allowing to minimize technical errors during the inhalation manoeuvre, improving patient treatment adherence. This drug is Relvar Ellipta® containing a combination of new molecules of ICS and LABA in a new, improved delivery system for use 1 time per day.
The atopic desease development in infants and preschool children in Lesnoy town of Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Volkova N A , Tuzankina I A , Shershnev V N
Published: July 2021

The aim of study. To determine the structure of atopic diseases and characterization of different allergens in their progression in infants and preschool children in Lesnoy town. Material and methods. We studied a spectrum of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in children’s blood with different allergic diseases. Comparative analysis of the results was conducted with methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Our data demonstrate the different stages of formation of atopic diseases in children. We revealed that clinical symptoms of atopic diseases and relevance of allergens were changing gradually as children were getting older. Our results showed that the role of nutrition allergens is reduced while airborne allergens came to the fore. Conclusion. Formation and progression of atopic diseases are determined by various allergens. The temporary relevance of different types of allergens indicates a diversity of multivalent sensibilization during affection of the «shock» organ; the result of this phenomenon appears as atopic march. Detection the relevant causative allergens is important for prevention of progression of allergic diseases.
Changing the basic treatment as a way to achieve asthma control
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

In the article the question of asthma control, the main reasons for its absence. The variant replacement used inhaled corticosteroids while maintaining equipotent doses as a way to achieve asthma control without increasing the pharmacologic stress.
Sputum characteristics and evaluation of airways inflammation peculiarities in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Negrutsa K V , Timchik V G , Zueva E E , Gorovneva E V , Rogachevskaya N N , Razumovskaya T S , Alexandrin V A , Golubeva V I , Birula I V , Filippova N A , Kryakunov K N
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study was to investigate cellular phenotypes of the spontaneous sputum, estimate possibilities of cytological sputum analysis in evaluation of airways inflammation peculiarities in comparison with the expired nitric oxide level and respiratory function tests. Materials and methods. functional properties of neutrophils were evaluated by respiratory burst intensity. 72 patients were included, 23 - with moderate bronchial asthma course and chronic bronchitis, 18 - with moderate bronchial asthma and COPD, 31 patient had COPD only. All patients were examined in the exacerbation period, all of them had productive cough. Results. Cytological phenotypes were stated as well as the links between different sputum cells presence and between cytological peculiarities, inflammation and functional state of the respiratory system. Functional defects of neutrophils were found in COPD patients.
Optimal drugs concentrations and doses for allergological diagnostics of perioperative drugs hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Zhukova D G , Fedenko E S , Yudin A A
Published: July 2021

Background. The study aimed to develop the optimal concentration and doses of drugs for examination of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. The protocol of allergological examination included clinical, laboratory methods and tests in vivo: skin tests (prick-, intradermal, patch- test) with neuromuscular blockers, opioids, radiocontrast medias, colloids, hypnotics; patch-test with povidon-iodine, chlorhexidine; dosing provocative test (including investigation of blood, nasal secretion eosinophilia, serum tryptase measurements) with antibiotics, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics. 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study during 2 years (2010-2012) for estimating of the doses and concentrations of testing drugs. Results. Non irritating concentrations for skin tests (prick- and intradermal) with perioperative drugs have been estimated on healthy controls. No one of healthy controls had false positive tests and nonspecific histamine-release effects while testing in vivo. Increased tryptase level 1 h after and the level of blood eosinophilia and eosinophiliaof nasal secretion 6 hours after dosing provocation test with each drug were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusions. Optimal concentrations and doses of drugs for allergological examination of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions were estimated.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM’S RESPONSE TO SOME TYPES OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION (Part 2)
Authors: Martynov A I
Published: July 2021

UV exposure shows the immunosuppressive effect on T-cells in skin, causing various disturbances in DNA structure. The human epidermis basal layer is extremely susceptible to different types of UV. LI EMR EHF reveals a stimulating effect on TNFa production. LI EMR EHF RF can cause a brain tissue autoimmune antibodies production and in some cases leads to genotoxic effect.
PERIOPERATIVE IMMEDIATE DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTICS, RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zhukova D G , Fedenko E S , Yudin A A , Rakhimova O Y
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate clinical features and to develop the diagnostic algorithm of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. 40 patients who presented perioperative immediate drug’s hypersensitivity reactions were studied in the Central Clinical hospital of the Russian Academy of sciences during 2010-2012. The diagnostic protocol consisted of 2 steps: at the 1 step (during the acute clinical manifestation period) a case history, grade of severity of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, serum tryptase levels have been studied; at the 2 step (6-12 weeks after symptoms were over) inhibition test of natural emigration of leukocytes by Ado, sublingual, skin tests and drug provocation tests have been performed. Results. Clinical manifestations of drugs hypersensitivity were as follows: hypersensitivity reactions grade I (isolated cutaneous manifestations) - in 20 patients (50%), anaphylactic-type reactions - in 20 patients (50%): grade II (moderate anaphylaxis) - in 13 patients (32,5%), grade III (severe life-threatening anaphylaxis) - in 6 (15%), and grade IV (cardiac and respiratory arrest) - in 1 patient (2,5%). Positive tests at least with 1 drug had 28 patients (70%): neuromusculars blockers (22,5%); antibiotics (22,5%); lidocaine (10%); amidotrizoate (7,5%); NSAID (7,5%). Other 12 patients had negative tests (30%) with all suspected agents and moderate clinical symptoms if to compare with others 28 patients (p
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND SMOKING: CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Blinchikova M S , Zhestkov A V
Published: July 2021

Background. Improvement of the results of diagnostics and optimization of treatment of adult patients with bronchial asthma on the basis of clinical, immunological and microbiological features of the disease. Methods. The study included 150 patients with bronchial asthma at the age from 18 till 65 years old (the average age - 51,8 years old). Results. It was proven, that smoking patients with bronchial asthma had upgraded levels of the inducing inflammation cytokines and reduced concentration of antiinflammatory IL-10. These changes were more expressed in a long lasting active smoking patients. Conclusion. The smoking patients had the changes of the immunological profile in combination with the more serious course of asthma compared to the nonsmoking patients.
Experience with the carbamylated monomeric allergoid Lais® for sublingual immunotherapy in patients with grass pollen or mite-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Danilycheva I V , Ilina N I , Shulzhenko A E
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a prospective noncomparative study of carbamylated monomeric allergoid Lais ® for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by pollen grasses. We suggest that SLIT using Lais ® sublingual tablets is an effective and well-tolerated method of treatment.
Efficiency and safety of levoсabastine (TYZINE®ALERGY) in allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V , Ilina N I
Published: July 2021

Own results of clinical observation about application of levoсabastine in complex therapy of allergic rhinitis are presented in the article
Food anaphylaxis in children: epidemiology and triggers
Authors: Esakova N V , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Food anaphylaxis prevalence is increased over the last ten years in all age groups in developed countries. Authors compare the data on food anaphylaxis prevalence in children, point out a number of features influence the results of epidemiological researches and consider the most frequent triggers of food anaphylaxis.
New delivery device for inhaled drugs for bronchial asthma treatment. Multidose Easyhaler dry powder inhaler
Authors: Vilegzhanina T G
Published: July 2021

According to current conception of bronchial asthma treatment, the main goals are symptoms control and good life quality. Inhalation is the preferred route of drug administration for patients with airway diseases such as asthma. Inhalation delivers drugs directly to the airways and thereby the effective dose can be small compared with oral therapy (in 20 times), the risk of systemic side effects is reduced, it could be used for poorly soluble drugs which are not absorbed in the gastrointestinal canal. Inhalation is the route of drug administration and can be used for delivery of bronchodilators, mucolytics, steroids, and cromoglicate acid drugs as well.
Immunological biomarkers changes during diet therapy in children with food allergy
Authors: Vorozhko I V , Sentsova T B , Revyakina V A , Chernyak O O , Denisova S N
Published: July 2021

Immunological estimating of different diet therapy types became currently very important. The aim of this work was to study the changes of immunological biomarkers during usage of formulas based on different sources of protein in children with food allergy and to assess and predict the effectiveness of diet therapy. The study included 66 children with food allergy in age from 1,5 months to 1,5 years. Observed children were divided into three groups depending on the type of formulas used. The dynamics of immunoregulatory substances (IL-5, TGF β 1, IL-10, IL-4, IL-2, IL-13, Eotaxin3), and allergenspecific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow’s milk protein, α-lactoglobulin, β-laktoglobulin, casein, soy and goat’s milk during diet therapy were evaluated. Observation duration was 28-30 days. The differences in the dynamics of the investigated parameters depending on the type of formula were revealed. Thus, the use of formula based on cow’s milk hydrolysates revealed their primarily effect on cytokines IL-2, IL-5 and growth factor TGF β ; the use of formula based on soy protein revealed combined effect on humoral immunity (allergen specific IgE and IgG antibodies) and IL-5; the use of formula based on goat milk characterized decreased levels of allergenspecific IgG antibodies to the cow’s milk protein and its fractions, reduced allergen specific IgE antibody concentrations to cow’s milk protein and α-lactoglobulin, decreased levels of IL-5, and, exclusive for this formula - reduction of IL-4 level. Accordingly, the assessment of immunological biomarkers can be used to personalize diet therapy in children with food allergy.