bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in total electron content and comparison with IRI-2016 model at Birnin Kebbi
Authors: Ogwala Aghogho , Somoye Emmanuel Olufemi , Ogunmodimu Olugbenga , Adeniji-Adele Rasaq Adewemimo , Onori Eugene Oghenakpobor , Oyedokun Oluwole
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The ionosphere is the major error source for the signals of global
positioning system (GPS) satellites. In the analysis of GPS measurements,
ionospheric error is assumed to be somewhat of a nuisance. The error induced by
the ionosphere is proportional to the number of electrons along the line of
sight (LOS) from the satellite to receiver and can be determined in order to
study the diurnal, seasonal, solar cycle and spatial variations in the
ionosphere during quiet and disturbed conditions. In this study, we
characterize the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in observed
total electron content (OBS-TEC) and compare the results with the
International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) model. We obtained TEC from a
dual-frequency GPS receiver located at Birnin Kebbi Federal Polytechnic
(BKFP) in northern Nigeria (geographic location: 12.64∘ N,
4.22∘ E; 2.68∘ N dip) for the period 2011–2014. We
observed differences between the diurnal variation in OBS-TEC and
the IRI-2016 model for all hours of the day except during the post-midnight hours. Slight
post-noon peaks in the daytime maximum and post-sunset decrease and
enhancement are observed in the diurnal variation in OBS-TEC during the
equinoxes. On a seasonal scale, we observed that OBS-TEC values were higher
in the equinoxes than the solstices only in 2012. However, in 2011, the September
equinox and December solstice recorded a higher magnitude, followed by the March
equinox, and the magnitude was lowest in the June solstice. In 2013, the December solstice magnitude
was highest, followed by the equinoxes, and it was lowest in the June solstice. In 2014,
the March equinox and December solstice magnitudes were higher than the September
equinox and June solstice magnitude. The June solstice consistently recorded the
lowest values for all the years. OBS-TEC is found to increase from 2011 to
2014, thus revealing solar cycle dependence.
Impact of additional AMDAR data in the AROME-France model during May 2017
Authors: Doerenbecher Alexis , Mahfouf Jean-François
Published: September 2019

Abstract. From 1 May 2017 until 15 June 2017, the E-AMDAR operational service from EUMETNET disseminated more commercial aircraft data than usual on the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Météo-France specifically requested the implementation of such a trial. It lead to an increase in the number of aircraft data over France, especially vertical profiles (ascents and descents). Though Météo-France routinely buys additional data with respect to the basic E-AMDAR service, this trial aimed at assessing the potential of French airlines to produce further data in collaboration with E-AMDAR and yield an observation network as dense as possible.
This was the opportunity to check the impact of these additional data on forecast skill scores of the limited area and convective scale model AROME-France. A data denial experiment (OSE) was carried out on May 2017, by removing E-AMDAR profiles (about 14 % of data) to mimic the routine observing system. The reference was the operational AROME-France 3D-Var that assimilated all extra data in real-time. However, no dedicated flag allowed to distinguish supplementary data from routine ones. Therefore, a necessary step of the experimental methodology was to identify which data profile could be considered as supplementary. The examination of forecast skill scores from the denial experiment showed that the impact of the removal of the additional observations is rather small and mixed, depending upon the parameter of interest, the atmospheric level, and the forecast range. The case studies done did not exhibit any particular additional skill for the suite with augmented observations. The experimental set-up is described and the results are discussed on the basis of forecast scores, including precipitation scores. Finally, a number of recommendations are given for a more optimal assimilation of AMDAR data in the AROME-France model.
A spatially-explicit database of wind disturbances in European forests
over the period 2000–2018
Authors: Forzieri Giovanni , Pecchi Matteo , Girardello Marco , Mauri Achille , Klaus Marcus , Nikolov Christo , Rüetschi Marius , Gardiner Barry , Tomaštík Julián , Small David , Nistor Constantin , Jonikavicius Donatas , Spinoni Jonathan , Feyen Luc , Giannetti Francesca , Comino Rinaldo , Wolynski Alessandro , Pirotti Francesco , Maistrelli Fabio , Ionut Savulescu , Lucas-Stephanie Wurpillot , Stefan Karlsson , Zieba-Kulawik Karolina , Strejczek-Jazwinska Paulina , Mokroš Martin , Stefan Franz , Krejci Lukas , Haidu Ionel , Nilsson Mats , Wezyk Piotr , Chirici Gherardo , Cescatti Alessandro , Beck Pieter S. A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Strong winds may uproot and break trees and represent one of the major natural disturbances for European forests. Wind disturbances have intensified over the last decades globally and are expected to further rise in view of the climate change effects. Despite the importance of such natural disturbances, there are currently no spatially-explicit databases of wind-related impact at Pan-European scale. Here, we present a new database of wind disturbances in European forests (FORWIND). FORWIND comprises more than 80,000 spatially delineated areas in Europe that were disturbed by wind in the period 2000–2018, and describes them in a harmonized and consistent geographical vector format. Correlation analyses performed between the areas in FORWIND and land cover changes retrieved from the Landsat-based Global Forest Change dataset and the MODIS Global Disturbance Index corroborate the robustness of FORWIND. Spearman rank coefficients range between 0.27 and 0.48 (p-value<0.05). When recorded forest areas are rescaled based on their damage degree, correlation increases to 0.54. Wind-damaged growing stock volumes reported in national inventories (FORESTORM dataset) are generally higher than analogous metrics provided by FORWIND in combination with satellite-based biomass and country-scale statistics of growing stock volume. Overall, FORWIND represents a valuable and open-access spatial source to improve our understanding of the vulnerability of forests to winds and develop large-scale monitoring/modelling of natural disturbances. Data sharing is encouraged in order to continuously update and improve FORWIND. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9555008 (Forzieri et al., 2019).
Evaluation of leaf-level optical properties employed in land surface models
Authors: Majasalmi Titta , Bright Ryan M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Vegetation optical properties have a direct impact on canopy absorption and
scattering and are thus needed for modeling surface fluxes. Although plant functional type (PFT) classification varies between different land surface
models (LSMs), their optical properties must be specified. The aim of this
study is to revisit the “time-invariant optical properties table” of the
Simple Biosphere (SiB) model (later referred to as the “SiB table”) presented
30 years ago by Dorman and Sellers (1989), which has since been adopted by
many LSMs. This revisit was needed as many of the data underlying the
SiB table were not formally reviewed or published or were based on older
papers or on personal communications (i.e., the validity of the optical
property source data cannot be inspected due to missing data sources,
outdated citation practices, and varied estimation methods). As many of
today's LSMs (e.g., the Community Land Model (CLM), the Jena Scheme of Atmosphere
Biosphere Coupling in Hamburg (JSBACH), and the Joint UK Land Environment
Simulator (JULES)) either rely on the optical properties of the SiB table or
lack references altogether for those they do employ, there is a clear need
to assess (and confirm or correct) the appropriateness of those being used
in today's LSMs. Here, we use various spectral databases to synthesize and
harmonize the key optical property information of PFT classification shared
by many leading LSMs. For forests, such classifications typically
differentiate PFTs by broad geo-climatic zones (i.e., tropical, boreal,
temperate) and phenology (i.e., deciduous vs. evergreen). For short-statured
vegetation, such classifications typically differentiate between crops, grasses, and photosynthetic pathway. Using the PFT classification of the
CLM (version 5) as an example, we found the optical properties of the
visible band (VIS; 400–700 nm) to fall within the range of measured values.
However, in the near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands (NIR and SWIR; e.g., 701–2500 nm, referred to as “NIR”) notable differences between CLM default and
measured values were observed, thus suggesting that NIR optical properties
are in need of an update. For example, for conifer PFTs, the measured mean
needle single scattering albedo (SSA, i.e., the sum of reflectance and
transmittance) estimates in NIR were 62 % and 78 % larger than the CLM
default parameters, and for PFTs with flat leaves, the measured mean leaf
SSA values in NIR were 20 %, 14 %, and 19 % larger than the CLM defaults.
We also found that while the CLM5 PFT-dependent leaf angle values were
sufficient for forested PFTs and grasses, for crop PFTs the default
parameterization appeared too vertically oriented, thus warranting an
update. In addition, we propose using separate bark reflectance values for
conifer and deciduous PFTs and demonstrate how shoot-level clumping
correction can be incorporated into LSMs to mitigate violations of turbid
media assumption and Beer's law caused by the nonrandomness of finite-sized
foliage elements.
SMC-Flood database: a high-resolution press database on flood cases for the Spanish Mediterranean coast (1960–2015)
Authors: Gil-Guirado Salvador , Pérez-Morales Alfredo , Lopez-Martinez Francisco
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Flood databases of high spatio-temporal resolution are a
necessary tool for proper spatial planning, especially in areas with high
levels of exposure and danger to floods. This study presents the preliminary
results of the Spanish Mediterranean Coastal Flood (SMC-Flood) database covering the
municipalities in this region. This database collects information on flood
cases that occurred between 1960 and 2015 by systematically consulting the
digital archives of the main newspapers in the study area. The search for
flood information was conducted by means of using links between municipality
names and seven keywords that correspond to the most common ways of referring to
a situation that is likely to describe a flood in Spain. This methodology
has enabled the reconstruction of 3008 flood cases at a municipal scale with
daily resolution while gathering information on the types of damage,
intensity, severity and area affected. The spatio-temporal analysis of the
data reveals hotspots where flood cases are especially intense and damaging
when compared to highly developed areas where the frequency of flood cases
is very high. This situation is especially worrying insofar as we have
detected a growing trend in the frequency and area affected by flood cases.
However, one positive aspect is that the intensity and severity of flood
cases follows a falling trend. The main novelty lies in the fact that the
high-resolution spatial analysis has made it possible to detect a clear
latitudinal gradient of growing intensity and severity in a north–south
direction. This pattern calls for new actions by the coastal municipal
authorities of southern Spain for adaptation to a more complex flood
scenario.
Sementes crioulas e socioagrobiodiversidade: experiências camponesas em Orizona e Vianópolis – GO
Authors: Ribeiro Welington Martins , Ribeiro Dinalva Donizete
Published: September 2019

As variedades crioulas estão presentes em diversas Comunidades camponesas no Brasil. Elas são vetoras de conhecimentos tradicionais, diversificam a produção, a renda, a alimentação e as práticas socioculturais, potencializando a socioagrobiodiversidade. Em duas Comunidades localizadas no estado de Goiás identificamos seis famílias guardiãs de variedades e, por meio da observação participante e de entrevistas, constatamos que, no total, são cultivadas 146 variedades de plantas e criadas três espécies de animais crioulos - diversidade considerada elevada. O manejo está associado a práticas agroecológicas e/ou orgânicas e o uso das variedades favorece o modo de vida camponês nas Comunidades.

Palavras-chave: variedades crioulas, socioagrobiodiversidade, campesinato, agroecologia.
Pluriatividade em assentamentos rurais: forma de exclusão, inclusão ou permanência no campo?
Authors: Soares Juliana Abadia Prado , Peixinho Dimas Moraes
Published: September 2019

A organização da produção no rural tem sido marcada por uma diversificação que vai da especialização à pluralidade de atividades, da produção em grande empresa à produção em pequenas propriedades. A organização na pequena propriedade voltada para agricultura familiar produz uma dinâmica que envolve atividades agrícolas, para-agrícolas e não agrícolas. A combinação de práticas agrícolas/para-agrícolas e não agrícolas, em uma mesma propriedade, aparece como uma opção para os agricultores familiares assentados, prática que é denominada como pluriatividade. A intenção desse artigo é analisar diferentes perspectivas buscando compreender o papel da pluriatividade para o agricultor em condição de assentamentos. Pretende-se destacar os pontos positivos e negativos das práticas pluriativas e, por fim, responder se a pluriatividade em assentamentos pode ser uma forma de exclusão, inclusão ou permanência no campo, a partir de estudos teóricos e empíricos. O recorte espacial é Microrregião Geográfica Sudoeste de Goiás, nos Assentamentos Agrovila Rio Verdinho no munícipio de Rio Verde (GO) e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe no munícipio de Jataí (GO).

Palavras-chaves: Pluriatividade, Agricultura familiar, Assentamentos.
Maná, carisma e hierofania: compreensões do sagrado para a Geografia da Religião
Authors: Santos Silva Avacir Gomes dos
Published: September 2019

O espaço não é a priori. A apreensão dele ocorre em função das espacialidades geográficas. Mas como construímos as concepções de espaço? Por que o categorizamos entre sacralidades e profanidades? Os conceitos de maná, carisma e hierofania, referentes à manifestação do sagrado, direcionam-nos para o entendimento do espaço geográfico como contributo do fenômeno religioso. Assim, nosso intuito é analisar como a formulações desses conceitos foram significativas à consolidação da Geografia da Religião. Para tanto, recorremos aos estudos comparativos dos clássicos de Émile Durkheim: “Formas elementares da vida religiosa” (2008); de Marx Weber: “Sociedade e Religião” (2009); de Mircea Eliade: “O sagrado e Profano” (2010) e de Zeny Rosendahl: “Hierópolis” (2009), entre outros. Numa primeira aproximação pontuamos a existência, a diferenciação e qualificação dos espaços sagrados e profanos defendidas por esses autores. Somente com essas classificações cognitivas o homem dos tempos primordiais conseguiu se localizar e configurar o espaço. Dessa herança passamos a formular os conhecimentos geográficos até chegarmos na Geografia da Religião.

Palavras-chave: Imagens. Espaço Sagrado. Espaço Profano. Hierofania.
Caracterização espaço-temporal das tipologias vegetais em ambiente de caatinga degradada: quantificação por meio de variáveis biofísicas
Authors: Da Silva Glauciene Justino Ferreira , De Macêdo Mônica Larissa Aires , Da Silva Richarde Marques
Published: September 2019

As características climáticas do Semiárido influenciam fortemente a dinâmica da cobertura vegetal e dos solos, além de variáveis ambientais como albedo e índices de vegetação, entre outras. Pesquisas no Semiárido paraibano têm sido realizadas aplicando metodologias para análise dessas variáveis, sobretudo com base em dados orbitais que têm subsidiado o monitoramento das diferentes paisagens no bioma Caatinga. Assim, esse artigo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal e a quantificação do albedo da superfície e do índice de vegetação SAVI, em diferentes tipologias vegetais de caatinga na Bacia Experimental de São João do Cariri-PB. Foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM/Landsat-5. Os resultados mostraram que a estimativa do albedo foi influenciada pela distribuição espacial das tipologias vegetais, o que evidenciou o nível de degradação das terras, enquanto os valores obtidos com a estimativa do SAVI não apresentaram o padrão geralmente definido para a reflectância da vegetação nos períodos chuvosos ou secos na área de estudo.

Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, degradação, Semiárido.
O espanhol e ensino: crenças de estudantes e professores sobre a história e diversidade da língua no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Santos Alexandra Gomes dos
Published: September 2019

A difícil realidade e os constantes desafios que fazem parte do sistema educativo brasileiro pedem um novo perfil de educador e uma formação que o respalde. É necessária a formação de docentes competentes, comprometidos e capazes de ensinar em situações de constantes mudanças e com alunos cultural, social e linguisticamente heterogêneos. Essa representação engloba diversos tipos de conhecimento e funções referentes às tradicionalmente assumidas, que mostram a necessidade de uma formação de professores mais completa e que revele ao educando, em um contexto multi e intercultural, a diversidade da língua espanhola. Na prática, o que acontece, contrariamente ao proposto e esperado, é que todo processo social, cultural e histórico, que deveria ser posto no centro dos programas de formação de professores, é ocultado em prol de um imaginário, ainda muito propagado, de que a língua espanhola é única e homogênea. O presente artigo tem como objetivo averiguar de que forma estudantes e professores, formados e em formação, compreendem questões sobre a diversidade da língua espanhola, como a opção da variedade da língua e as crenças que permeiam o ensino-aprendizagem da mesma. Para isso, objetivou-se também fazer uma revisão de alguns trabalhos que trataram sobre a diversidade e o ensino da língua no Brasil nos últimos vinte anos. Apontou-se para o fato de que a diversidade do espanhol é ainda mal trabalhada nos cursos de formação de professores, gerando a manutenção da preferência pelo espanhol europeu e provocando estereótipos bastante equivocados sobre a língua.
Atividades de Letramento Crítico em Inglês para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Sardinha Patrícia Miranda Medeiros
Published: September 2019

É de extrema relevância que a escola disponibilize atividades didáticas que extrapolem âmbitos meramente conteudistas e despertem questionamentos de ordem social e recorrentes no cotidiano dos alunos. Como resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado profissional em práticas educativas, foram desenvolvidas atividades para o público da Educação de Jovens e Adultos que utilizam a perspectiva de leitura do Letramento Crítico (LC), que é a habilidade de ler um texto de maneira ativa e reflexiva com o intuito de compreender as relações de poder, de desigualdade e de injustiça na sociedade. O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar o caderno de atividades que foi elaborado com unidades didáticas contendo gêneros textuais multimodais (canções, charges e vídeos curtos) em Língua Inglesa, com intenção de levantar reflexões sobre o tema pluralidade cultural.
Formação de professores de línguas: ensino e práticas digitais
Authors: Almeida Patricia Vasconcelos , Ferreira Helena Maria
Published: September 2019

Considerando a abrangência dos estudos da língua e linguagem em relação ao processo de ensinoaprendizagem e formação de professores de línguas, este artigo tem como foco contribuir para essa área do conhecimento trazendo considerações sobre letramentos e multimodalidade. Tendo como pano de fundo a pesquisa qualitativa e etnográfica no âmbito de um curso de formação de professores, buscaremos apresentar considerações de professores pré-serviço ao vivenciar experiências de ensino de língua inglesa por meio das tecnologias digitais. Ao teorizar reflexivamente sobre sua própria prática didática e a de seus colegas, percebe-se que os participantes demonstram ter certo letramento digital e conseguem visualizar novas possibilidades de explorar a multimodalidade para e na execução das atividades de ensino propostas.
Recursos educacionais abertos nas aulas de língua inglesa: Criação de atividades alinhadas à Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Mello Etiene Caroline Farias de , Boscarioli Clodis
Published: September 2019

Este artigo traz a proposição de atividades alinhadas à Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), utilizando as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, objetivando demonstrar que esses recursos usados nos laboratórios de informática da escola podem ser promissores ao ensino de língua inglesa, fazendo reflexões sobre o uso, criação e compartilhamento de recursos educacionais abertos (REA), como incentivo à autoria, autonomia e colaboração entre alunos e professores. Utilizou-se da revisão bibliográfica para explorar o tema em questão, juntamente com a análise documental da BNCC para a elaboração das atividades. Conclui-se que incentivar os alunos a criarem REA, por meio do uso do computador e da internet, além de promover a pesquisa, é uma forma de despertar a criatividade por meio da autoria e da reflexão sobre o uso ético das informações disponíveis na internet. Palavras
Ensino, escola e novas tecnologias: pensamento humano e questões políticas emergentes na era da informática
Authors: Porfírio Neto Francisco José
Published: September 2019

Desde o seu nascimento, a humanidade lida com novas descobertas e invenções que, sendo técnicas, tecnológicas e inovadoras, espantam o homem quando são lançadas. Tal espanto não tem, necessariamente, um significado negativo, antes, é o que impulsiona o pensamento filosófico. Uma questão que deve ser considerada diz respeito à maneira pela qual a tecnologia é e pode ser usada, ou seja, diz respeito a sua atualidade e a sua potência. É inegável que as novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação nos trouxeram novas configurações espaço-temporais, novos meios de comunicação, de locomoção e até novas extensões do corpo humano, ampliando a capacidade deste. Ao passo que sua utilização impensada, aliada ao mercado e governos, pode causar efeitos colaterais incidentes nos cidadãos, tais como a vigilância. Tais questões políticas são de extrema importância para se compreender a problemática proposta neste texto, que parte de questões filosóficas, epistemológicas e políticas para chegar ao cenário que abriga a escola e o ensino em meio às novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação e a anunciação de uma crise da modernidade que afeta a educação.
The Wounds of Time: Phenomenology and the Problem of the Unconscious in Merleau-Ponty's Passivity Lecture
Authors: Whitmoyer Keith
Published: September 2019

This article elaborates a theory of the unconscious inspired by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Marcel Proust. Prima facie, the unconscious seems to present an important phenomenological difficulty: the unconscious as something that by definition does not appear, can mean nothing. Merleau-Ponty finds resources for addressing this anxiety in Proust. The unconscious is not the result of a mechanism that generates another, concealed “I think” but is the operation of time in perceptual experience, the loss of the past as it withdraws into oblivion. This loss is irrecuperable, indeed a “wound” that opens up and for which there is no healing.
At the Opening of Madness: An Exploration of the Nonrational with Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, and Kierkegaard
Authors: Venable Hannah Lyn
Published: September 2019

This essay offers the beginnings of a taxonomy of madness through the analysis of three different approaches: the phenomenological, the historical-structural and the existential-religious. While there have been many avenues by which the Continental tradition has sought to counter the understanding that madness is inaccessible and unintelligible, these methods are often restricted to viewing madness from one particular angle. By using this tri-perspectival approach, I argue that insight into madness exposes the diverse forms of the nonrational, which I define as the prerational, the irrational, and the suprarational. Each of the forms reveals the reliance on the nonrational in several areas of the human condition, including displays of mental disorders, dynamic structures of society, and experiences of extreme faith. Through these descriptions, we see how expressions of madness immediately bring to the surface the way the nonrational plays an integral role in the common human condition.
The Literary Relation to the Other in the Greek Tragic Text
Authors: Maley Ian
Published: September 2019

Following Charles Segal, I argue in this essay that there is an essential textual relation to the Other at the heart of Greek tragic drama. Instead of locating the origin of tragic performance in the being of the poet and poetic truth (á la Nietzsche or Heidegger), I argue that the use of scripts in Greek tragedy indicates an irreducible graphic element of dramatic performance, which I conceptualize in terms of Blanchot's conception of the Oeurve and the impossible relation of writer and reader. The Dionysian element of tragedy, I argue, has an irreducible graphic dimension in the use of scripts and masks. Following this theoretical and historical analysis, I offer several avenues for studying the textuality of Greek tragic drama and the ways that the Greek tragic text turns toward the essence of poetry itself.
Perception of parents on nursing support rendered to parents with neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in a state hospital in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Kerthu Hatupopi Saara , Maano Nghitanwa Emma
Published: September 2019

Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) plays a major role in providing care for premature neonates, sick neonates or neonates require surgery very soon following delivery. The experience of being a parent of a baby in NICU is more stressful especially if there is a little support or no support rendered from the nursing staff. Parents need support from the nursing staff to gain knowledge and understanding about the neonate’s illness, treatment measures and hospital rules. However, no studies about this issue have been conducted in Namibia. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of parents related to the nursing support rendered by nurses to parents whose neonates were admitted to NICU at a state hospital in Windhoek, Namibia. A quantitative, cross sectional survey was used to identify and describe parents’ perceptions related to the nursing support rendered by nurses to parents whose neonates were admitted to NICU. The study results indicated that the majority of the participants perceived that they got the good support from the nurses. However, not all parents received needed support from nurses which could increases their stress level. The findings of this study could be used to improve the parents support to reduce stress among parents and neonates and to promote positive coping with regard to the stressful situation of newborns hospitalization.
Factors Influencing Green Performance in Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Rashid Md. Harun Ur , Mohd. Zobair Shah Asadullah , Shadek Md. Jafar , Hoque Md. Ariful , Ahmad Afzal
Published: September 2019

The study aims to examine the factors that influence green performance in the manufacturing industry as it has become a burning topic in recent times.Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been used as a tool to analyze the data collected from different management levels of employees from the manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The study shows that environmental performance (ENP) is the most significant factor affecting green performance (GP) in the manufacturing industry. Moreover, economic performance (ECP), operational performance (OP), social performance (SP) and corporate governance performance (CGP) are also significant influential factors of green performance. However, the study found no significant relation between innovation performance (IP) and GP. The findings of this study provide policymakers as well as the industries’ authority valuable insight and help take necessary actions regarding green performance.
Preliminary observations of the impacts the 22 February Christchurch earthquake had on organisations and the economy
Authors: Stevenson Joanne R. , Kachali Hlekiwe , Whitman Zachary , Seville Erica , Vargo John , Wilson Thomas
Published: September 2019

On 22 February 2011, Canterbury and its largest city Christchurch experienced its second major earthquake within six months. The region is facing major economic and organisational challenges in the aftermath of these events. Approximately 25% of all buildings in the Christchurch CBD have been “red tagged” or deemed unsafe to enter. The New Zealand Treasury estimates that the combined cost of the February earthquake and the September earthquake is approximately NZ$15 billion [2]. This paper examines the national and regional economic climate prior to the event, discusses the immediate economic implications of this event, and the challenges and opportunities faced by organisations affected by this event. In order to facilitate recovery of the Christchurch area, organisations must adjust to a new norm; finding ways not only to continue functioning, but to grow in the months and years following these earthquakes. Some organisations relocated within days to areas that have been less affected by the earthquakes. Others are taking advantage of government subsidised aid packages to help retain their employees until they can make long-term decisions about the future of their organisation. This paper is framed as a “report from the field” in order to provide insight into the early recovery scenario as it applies to organisations affected by the February 2011 earthquake. It is intended both to inform and facilitate discussion about how organisations can and should pursue recovery in Canterbury, and how organisations can become more resilient in the face of the next crisis.
Proposed development of a damage-resisting Eccentrically Braced Frame with rotational active links
Authors: Khan Mahbub H. , Clifton G. Charles
Published: September 2019

Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) are widely used seismic-resisting systems, as they allow both strength and stiffness to be optimised while providing good ductility capacity. However, in theory they have a low damage threshold in severe earthquakes and post-earthquake repair of conventional EBFs will be difficult and expensive.

This paper presents the Numerical Integration Time-History (NITH) analysis of two ten storey EBF buildings; one with a conventional active link and the other with a new form of low damage active link based on rotational sliding bolted plates. The low damage active link can be designed to allow rotation only, or to allow both rotation and axial extension. The conventional active link response in terms of displacement, rotation and inelastic demand was well within the range of the rotational active links under the records considered. The analysis shows that average maximum displacement of the building and rotation of the link for both the rotational and the rotational+extension active links was almost identical. The extension of the rotational active link permitting axial extension was less than 1.5 mm. Axial load demands on the collector beams and braces were similar in the case all three active links.

It can be concluded from the analysis that the rotational active link with extension is not required, as the lateral extensions can be accommodated within the rotational plates with nominal clearances in the bolt holes to accommodate the lateral extension.
Listening deeply to public perceptions of Restorative Justice
Authors: Vaandering Dorothy , Reimer Kristin
Published: September 2019

Listening deeply to public perceptions of Restorative Justice: what can researchers and practitioners learn?

This article explores public perceptions of restorative justice through the examination of media articles and negative online reader comments surrounding a high-profile incident in a Canadian university in which a restorative process was successfully engaged. Utilising relational discourse analysis, we identify how restorative justice is presented in the media and how that presentation is taken up by the public. Media representations of restorative justice create understandings among the public that are profoundly different from how many restorative justice advocates perceive it. The aim of this article is to examine media representations of restorative justice and how these are received by the public so that we can respond constructively.
Looking beneath the iceberg: can shame and pride be handled restoratively in cases of workplace bullying
Authors: Braithwaite Valerie , Ahmed Eliza
Published: September 2019

Looking beneath the iceberg: can shame and pride be handled restoratively in cases of workplace bullying

Central to restorative justice interventions that follow revised reintegrative shaming theory (Ahmed, Harris, Braithwaite & Braithwaite, 2001) is individual capacity to manage shame and pride in safe and supportive spaces. From a random sample of 1,967 Australians who responded to a national crime survey, 1,045 completed a module about bullying experiences at work over the past year, along with measures of shame and pride management (the MOSS-SASD and MOPS scales). Those who identified themselves as having bullied others were pride-focused, not shame-focused. They were more likely to express narcissistic pride over their work success, lauding their feats over others, and were less likely to express humble pride, sharing their success with others. In contrast, victims were defined by acknowledged and displaced shame over work task failures. In addition to these personal impediments to social reintegration, those who bullied and those targeted had low trust in others, particularly professionals. While these findings do not challenge macro interventions for culture change through more respectful and restorative practices, they provide a basis for setting boundaries for the appropriate use of restorative justice meetings to address particular workplace bullying complaints.
How framing past political violence affects reconciliation in the Basque Country
Authors: Bobowik Magdalena , Páez Darío , Basabe Nekane , Slawuta Patrycja
Published: September 2019

How framing past political violence affects reconciliation: through responsibility attributions and in-group victimhood - the Basque case

The present study examines the impact of reminders of political violence with and without an apology on the desire for intergroup revenge in the context of political violence in the Basque Country. We expected attributions of responsibility and perceived in-group victimhood to explain these effects. A total of 257 Basque adults were assigned to three conditions: no reminder, reminders of political violence without an apology and reminders of political violence with an apology. Results showed that, as compared to no reminder condition, reminders of political violence without an apology led to assigning more responsibility to police forces and the Spanish state and less responsibility to Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) and Basque nationalism, as well as increased perceptions of in-group victimhood and the desire for intergroup revenge. Reminders of political violence accompanied by an apology activated less assignment of responsibility to police forces and the Spanish state, but more responsibility attributions to ETA and Basque nationalism, as well as activated perceptions of in-group victimhood. As expected, there was a sequential indirect effect of reminders without an apology (but not with an apology) on revenge through responsibility attributions and then perceptions of in-group victimhood. We discuss implications of these findings for intergroup relations in post-conflict contexts.
Reconciliation potential of Rwandans convicted of genocide
Authors: Barnes-Ceeney Kevin , Leitch Laurie , Gideon Lior
Published: September 2019

Reconciliation potential of Rwandans convicted of genocide

This study examines the reconciliation potential of Rwandans incarcerated for the crime of genocide. Utilising survey data from 302 male and female prisoners incarcerated in the Rwandan Correctional System, this study explores genocide perpetrators’ depression, anxiety, anger-hostility and somatic symptoms, levels of posttraumatic stress, degree of social support and attitudes towards unity and reconciliation. The data demonstrate that engaging in killing can have deep psychological impacts for genocide perpetrators. The data indicate that although more than two decades have passed since the genocide, perpetrators are experiencing high levels of genocide-related posttraumatic suffering. Perpetrators are persistently re-experiencing genocide, purposefully avoiding thoughts and memories of the genocide, and experiencing physical and emotional arousal and reactivity. The sample had a strong desire for all Rwandans to live in peace and unity. There is, however, an urgent need for physical and mental health interventions, as well as services that facilitate the rebuilding of family relationships well in advance of release. Improving the physical and mental well-being of both perpetrators of the genocide and victims can only be a positive development as Rwanda continues to build a unified, reconciled and resilient future.
The benefits of interdisciplinary team work: my research experience on lifestyle choices
Authors: Shpakau Aliaksandr , Shpakou Andrei , Kułak-Bejda Agnieszka , Bejda Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

Background: A common international research area is being created as a result of linked activities of research
centres.
Aim of the study: To implement an interdisciplinary approach based on the example of a pilot study of lifestyle
and identify connections between physical activity levels (PA), health-related behaviours, and the locus of
health control among students.
Material and methods: The research was carried out using 294 students of human sciences (235 females
and 59 males) aged 18-24. A diagnostic survey method was chosen using the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ), Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HB I) and Health Locus of Control Scale
(MHL C).
Results: Total PA was assessed at 3829.3 MET-min/week. The dominant types of activities were walking (1245
MET-min/week) and moderate PA (1254 MET-min/week). Higher values in intensive and moderate efforts were
reported among the male students, while women reported higher values in walking. The general severity index
HB I is 72-93 points. There were no significant gender-related differences regarding the general indicator (except
for the increased frequency of low health-related behaviours among females). Respondents mostly presented
with internal locus of control with influence of others being reported less frequently, and accident locus of control
least frequently. The analysis revealed a correlation between the internal placement of MHL C and PA among
men (r=0.226, p<0.01) and individual HBI indices among women.
Conclusions: Most young people present a sufficient level of PA, desirable HB I, and, to a large extent, the internal
locus of MHL C. The participants had a greater sense of responsibility for their own health. Females, when
deciding on a lifestyle, are more easily influenced by other people. It is necessary to conduct interdisciplinary
group work for comparative research in order to create educational and preventive programs addressing identified
lifestyle abnormalities.
Scientific writing for the biomedical sciences
Authors: Hunt Mark Jeremy , Ochmanska Magdalena , Cilulko-Dołęga Justyna
Published: September 2019

Scientific writing is an essential part of a research scientist’s career and is usually the end process of many years’
hard bench work generating the data for publication. Clear communication of your research findings, the aims
and potential importance of your work are the foundation of all good scientific manuscripts. Writing a scientific
manuscript in English, especially if English is not your first language, can make an already challenging
task even more difficult.
The purpose of this article is to assist authors in the preparation of manuscripts intended for submission to peerreviewed
journals. The article mainly focusses on the biomedical sciences, but researchers of other scientific disciplines
can also benefit from the content. We provide useful advice on all the main subsections of a standard
research manuscript, from selecting an appropriate title, through to preparing a properly organized discussion.
Advice on how each section should be arranged as well as points to be avoided can be found in the guide. As a
general guide the most important point of a manuscript is that the research findings contained are presented
clearly and accurately without excessive repetition or embellishment. Finally, this article closes with a section
which contains language mistakes which are frequently made by authors whose first language is not English.
Application of IPL technology in acne vulgaris treatment: a case report
Authors: Koziołek Agata , Chilicka Karolina
Published: September 2019

Background: Intense pulsed light (IPL) technology has been used by cosmetic and medical practitioner since 1990. Initially it was only used to remove unnecessary hair, but over time, it began to be used for anti-aging treatments, removing erythema, acne lesions, and acne scars. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to investigate how the use of IPL technology has affected acne lesions and to determine whether the condition of the patient’s skin has improved. Material and methods: A young woman who was struggling with ordinary acne underwent a series of treatments using IPL technology to reduce skin eruptions. Results: The study subject was a 22-year-old patient who had been suffering from acne vulgaris for several years. The skin on her face exhibited changes in the form of pustules, blackheads, and lumps. The entire treatment series was 10 weeks. Prior to the procedure, a very thorough interview was conducted, during which all contraindications were excluded. The Hellgren-Vincent scale, which is used to determine the severity of acne lesions, accurately determines the amount of skin lesions in the form of lumps, pustules, and blackheads. Conclusions: As demonstrated by this study, IPL technology has been beneficial for the condition of the patient’s skin. Pictures from before and after unambiguously indicate the positive effect of intense pulsed light. There has been great improvement in the skin’s overall condition, with reduced acne lesions (lumps, pustules, blackheads).
Parents’ opinions of children and teenagers’ vaccination in Lower Silesia.
Authors: Furman-Bednarczyk Agata , Pietras Jolanta
Published: September 2019

Background: Immunization in Poland might be seriously threatened because of inaccurate information about its safety and effectiveness. It is necessary to monitor people’s opinions about immunization in order to stop the negative process of disinformation. Aim of the study: The aim of the diploma paper was to understand parents’ attitude and concerns about immunization in Poland. Material and methods: Two hundred parents from Lower Silesia were enrolled in the study in 2016. The research tool was the author’s unnamed questionnaire. Results: The research shows that the majority of parents 92.5% (183) have positive attitudes towards immunization. The obligatory immunization rate among children in Poland was very high 96% (191). 70.4% (138) of children were given at least one vaccination that was not obligatory in Poland and in most cases that was vaccination against pneumococcus – 61% (103) of children and chickenpox – 54.4% (92) of children. A relationship was noted between the recommended vaccination and financial situation of parents and their education level. There were several reasons why people’s attitudes to vaccination might be negative: financial reasons 60.3% (41), vaccine injury 27.19% (19), ineffectiveness 7.4% (5), and natural ways of supporting immunity 20.6% (14). More than half of respondents 51.6% (101) claim that their knowledge about the immunization is insufficient. The main source of information about immunization for parents is medical staff (doctors, nurses and midwifes). Nevertheless, 32.8% (65) of respondents reported not receiving any information about recommended vaccination from their attending physician. Conclusion: The uptake of immunization is related on parents’ education and financial reasons. Medical staff do not inform parents and promote immunization adequately. Parents are not informed about the possibility of extended vaccination. It is necessary to educate parents about the safety and effectiveness of immunization.
Intensity of the phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations in the years 2002-2016 based on analysis of primary health care medical records
Authors: Sochocka Lucyna , Widera Anna , Szwamel Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

Background. Vaccinations are the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Massive implementation of long-term vaccinations strategies has resulted in elimination or a reduced incidence of many infectious diseases.
Aim of the study. To evaluate the intensity of the phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations by attempting to characterize the parental group who refuse to vaccinate their children, determining the type and number of unrealized vaccinations, and identifying the reasons for being unvaccinated.
Material and methods. The research material was medical records from the Non-Public Heath Care Unit in Opole. It concerned implementation of the Protective Vaccine Program over the years 2002-2016. A method of retrospective analysis of medical records using modern technology was applied.
Results. The phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations is increasing. In the years 2002-2016, our retrospective analysis identified that 81 vaccinations (0.8% of the 10,057 vaccinations) were not carried out. The largest percentage of unrealized vaccinations involved hepatitis B (23.4%). Parents refusing to vaccinate their children were adults (Median = 31 years old, range: 27-36 years) and predominantly living in cities (87.88%). The reasons for abandoning mandatory vaccinations were not reporting with a child for vaccination (48.1%), deliberate refusal to subject a child to the vaccination (28.4%) and postponement of vaccination due to contraindications (23.5%).
Conclusions. The vaccination coverage level in the study area was assessed as satisfactory and is comparable to the results obtained on the national scale. The scale of the refusal for preventive vaccinations is not an epidemiological threat currently. However, it requires constant monitoring, and educational and information actions directed at parents/guardians.