bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Genetic Association Between Ferroptosis and immune in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xu , Liu pan , Fu Qiang , Liu ChuanJiang , Luo QianKun , Yu PengFei , Bian JinDa , Pan ChangJie , Zhang HongWei , Qin Tao
Published: February 2024

The morbidity and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are increasing annually. Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer has not yielded good results, and immunosuppression is now thought to be the key factor. Ferroptosis plays an important role in pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer immunosuppression remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between Ferroptosis and immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer.We analyzed differentially expressed genes in the center of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues using bioinformatics techniques in the Gene Expression Omnibus and found genes associated with Ferroptosis in the FerrDb database. We then performed enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses to explore DEG-enriched functions and pathways. Additionally, hub gene expression was explored using the STRING database. The TISIDB database was used to analyze correlations among key genes and immune characteristics. Finally, the expression of the key genes was confirmed in vitro. DEGs were first screened from the gene expression profiles of the GSE16515 and TCGA datasets. Simultaneously, the genes associated with ferroptosis intersected. Then, 39 common genes were identified in the three datasets. Functional analysis revealed that common DEGs were mostly related to lipid metabolism and ROS signaling pathways. Among the top 20 hub genes, CA9 was the most significant potential biomarker of PC. CA9 expression strongly correlates with chemokines, chemokine receptors, and immunomodulators. Finally, RT-qPCR was conducted to demonstrate CA9 expression in PC cell lines. Knockdown of CA9 can significantly reduce chemokines expression. We identified 20 hub genes that significantly affects the association between ferroptosis and PC. CA9 maybe a key player in pancreatic cancer immunosuppression and has potential treatment value for PC.
Traditional Home-garden Agro-biodiversity, Agro-ecosystem Services and Management Practices: The Case of Sidama Region in Ethiopia
Authors: Sime Getachew , Tamene Girma , Keneni Yadessa , Senbeta Abate , Mengistu Teramage
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the characteristics of traditional home-garden agro-biodiversity as well as its agro-ecosystem services in diversifying farm household livelihoods and management practices. A total of 373 households were selected from two districts using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaire, key informant interview, direct field observation, free listing and focus group discussion. Results show that households managed different traditional home-garden sizes and diverse plant species delivering wide range of agro-ecosystem services. Most traditional home-gardens were rich in agro-biodiversity and their corresponding agro-ecosystem services. The corporate agro-ecosystem services delivered among others were food and nutritional supplements, income generations, and medicines. Regarding coverage, Ensete ventricosum, Catha edulis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis dominated the majority of home-gardens. The management is essentially a traditional knowledge-based farming system, managed by family members’ knowledge and skill. Soil fertility is managed through adding organic fertilizers sourced from agro-biological resources. The status of the agro-biodiversity varied with the degree of traditional knowledge and management practices. The major challenges were unstable market prices, poor access to market places, and diminishing home-garden sizes. In conclusion, traditional home-garden is a diverse agri-food systems with remarkable contribution to farmer livelihood diversification through delivering multitudes of agro-ecosystem services.
Calculation of machine precision second order derivatives using dual-complex numbers
Authors: Millwater H. , Balcer M. , Millwater N.
Published: February 2024

It is well known that both complex and dual numbers can be employed to obtain machine precision first-order derivatives; however, neither, on their own, can compute machine precision 2nd order derivatives. To address this limitation, it is demonstrated in this paper that combined dual-complex numbers can be used to compute machine precision 1st and 2nd order derivatives. The dual-complex approach is simpler than utilizing multicomplex or hyper-dual numbers as existing dual libraries can be used as is or easily augmented to accept complex numbers, and the complexity of developing, integrating, and deploying multicomplex or hyper-dual libraries is avoided. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated for both univariant and multivariate functions with examples from the Python, Julia, and Mathematica languages.
An Optimization Approach for Sustainable and Resilient Closed-loop Floating Solar Photovoltaic Supply Chain Network Design
Authors: Nili Maryam , Dehghani Ehsan
Published: February 2024

Growing energy demand and its consequences, such as fossil fuel depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming, prompted the need for large-scale solar power plants. Floating photovoltaic systems have many advantages over ground-mounted systems, including methods and resources, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. In this regard, this study aims at presenting a scenario-based robust optimization model for developing a sustainable and resilient closed-loop floating solar photovoltaic supply chain network design. The concerned model’s objective function is minimizing the total supply chain costs in addition to maximizing greenhouse gas emissions reduction. In a bid to identify the most suitable dams for establishing the floating photovoltaic system, the hybrid approach by applying the fuzzy best-worst method and the TOPSIS technique is first exploited. Thereinafter, the selected dams are exerted in the presented mathematical model. Eventually, a real case study is implemented on floating photovoltaic systems in Iran to assess the proposed model’s performance, from which important managerial insights are attained.
Genetic Insights into Prepubertal Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Rare 45,X[2]/ 46,X, + mar[28] Karyotype
Authors: BULUŞ Ayşe Derya , DÜNYA Betül , DİRİCAN Onur , CEYLAN Ahmet Cevdet , YAŞARTEKİN Yüksel , HUSSEINI Abbas Ali
Published: February 2024

Introduction
This case report provides genetic insights into prepubertal gynecomastia through the comprehensive analysis of a rare 45,X[2]/46,X,+mar[28] karyotype. Gynecomastia, characterized by the enlargement of male breast, is typically physiological in pubertal cases but necessitates thorough evaluation in severe instances. Prepubertal gynecomastia is exceptionally rare, and the limited literature results in a deficit of etiological and management data.
Case report
The case involves an eight years and six months old male child with prepubertal bilateral gynecomastia and short stature, presenting a karyotype of 45,X[2]/46,X,+mar[28], with the additional marker chromosome originating from the Y chromosome, revealing Yq microdeletions. The patient's clinical progression, chromosomal analysis, and molecular findings are detailed, emphasizing the importance of karyotyping in prepubertal gynecomastia cases.
Conclusion
In prepubertal gynecomastia cases, karyotyping is crucial to identify potential chromosomal abnormalities contributing to the condition. Particularly, cases with Yq deletion should be closely monitored, especially for short stature.
Radiomics-based prediction of treatment response to TRuC-T cell therapy in patients with mesothelioma: a pilot study
Authors: BEAUMONT Hubert , IANNESSI Antoine , THINNES Alexandre , JACQUES Sebastien , QUINTAS-CARDAMA alfonso
Published: February 2024

T cell receptor fusion constructs (TRuCs), a next generation engineered T cell therapy, hold great promise. To accelerate the clinical development of these therapies, improving patient selection is a crucial pathway forward. We retrospectively analyzed 23 mesothelioma patients (85 target tumors) treated in a phase 1/2 single arm clinical trial (NCT03907852). Five imaging sites were involved, settings of evaluations were Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) with double reads. Reproducibility of 3416 radiomics and delta-radiomics (Δradiomics) was assessed. Univariate analysis evaluated correlation at target tumor level with 1) tumor diameter response; 2) tumor volume response, according to the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance and 3) the mean standard uptake value (SUV) response, as defined by positron emission tomography response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST). A random forest model predicted the response of target pleural tumors. Tumor anatomical distribution was 55.3%, 17.6%, 14.1% and 10.6% in the pleura, lymph nodes, peritoneum and soft tissues, respectively. Radiomics/Dradiomics reproducibility differed across tumors localization. Radiomics were more reproducible than Dradiomics. In the univariate analysis, none of the radiomics/Dradiomics correlated with any response criteria. With an accuracy ranging 0.75–0.9, 3 radiomics/Dradiomics were able to predict response of target pleural tumors. Pivotal studies will require a sample size of 250 to 400 tumors. The prediction of responding target pleural tumors can be achieved using machine learning-based radiomics/Dradiomics analysis. Tumor-specific reproducibility and average values indicated that bridging tumor model to effective patient model would require combining several target tumors models.
Use of a Self-Contained Mechanically Powered Negative Pressure Dressing Reduces Surgical Site Infection After Intestinal Stoma Reversal
Authors: Williams Brian , Wang Johnny , Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Gupta Abhinav , Cologne Kyle G. , Koller Sarah E. , Hsieh Christine , Duldulao Marjun P. , Shin Joongho
Published: February 2024

Background
The use of closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ci-NPWT) has been shown to reduce postoperative wound complications and surgical site infections after stoma closures. However, use of this approach has not been widely adopted due to high cost of the devices. We present a first experience with a self-contained mechanically powered negative pressure dressing (MP-NPD) applied to primarily closed stoma reversal wounds. The study assessed 30-day SSI and wound complication rates using this novel dressing system compared to standard dressings.
Methods
This was a retrospective investigator-initiated study, in which consecutive patients that underwent stoma reversal with primary wound closure dressed with MP-NPD from May 2021-March 2022. 30-day outcomes from the study group were then compared to a control group derived from pooled data extracted from well-designed RCTs comparing patients undergoing primary wound closure versus purse string closure after stoma reversal.
Results
Forty-six patients were identified for the study group and 216 patients in the control group were compared. Patient demographics and surgical variables were similar among the groups. Zero (0%) patients in the study cohort developed superficial SSI within 30 days of their surgery, which was significantly less than the control group (0% vs. 25.9%; p < 0.001). Post-op length of stay (LOS) was shorter in the study group versus control group (4.1 vs. 7.5 days; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Intestinal stoma reversal wounds closed primarily and dressed with the MP-NPD dressings had significantly reduced stoma site SSI rates, compared to patients undergoing primary closure alone.
Sapovirus – An emerging pathogen in renal transplant recipients?
Authors: Rippl Michaela , Burkhard-Meier Anton , Schönermarck Ulf , Fischereder Michael
Published: February 2024

Purpose After including sapovirus to the viral GI-screening routine of our institution's laboratory, we noticed an increasing number of sapovirus diagnosis among kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, we assumed former GI-tract infections with unidentified pathogens could have been caused by sapovirus as well. In order to better understand the characteristics of a sapovirus infection in a high-risk group we initiated this study.Methods 13 renal transplant recipients with GI-tract symptoms and later identified viral/unknown pathogens were included. Four patients suffered from a sapovirus infection. Kidney function, levels of immunosuppressants, CRP-levels and acid-base balance at admission and dismission, as well as onset of symptoms and time of hospitalization were analyzed.Results Even though statistically not significant, creatinine levels at admission tended to be higher in sapovirus patients (p = 0,710, sapovirus: 3,3 mg/dl (1,3; 5,0), non-sapovirus: 2,5 mg/dl (1,1; 4,9)). Also, Tacrolimus levels at admission showed the same trend (sapovirus: 13,6 ng/ml (12,9; 13,6), non-sapovirus: 7 ng/ml (2,6; 22,6), p = 0,279). At dismission creatinine levels improved equally in both groups (sapovirus: 1,7 mg/dl (1,4; 3,2), non-sapovirus: 2 mg/dl (1,0; 3,6), p = 0,825).Conclusion Especially in high-risk patients early symptomatic treatment remains crucial to protect the transplant's function. In our cohort all patients recovered equally well from the sapovirus infection as well as from other viral GI-tract pathogens. Larger cohorts and long-time follow-ups are needed in order to detect the long-term consequences and a potential need for further research regarding specific treatment.Trial registration number: DRKS00033311 date: December 28th 2023
Mineralogical and geochemical facets of the massive deposition of stibnite-metastibnite at a seafloor hydrothermal field (Wakamiko Crater, Kagoshima Bay, Ryukyu Volcanic Arc)
Authors: Dekov Vesselin , Furuma Yukako , Guéguen Bleuenn , Klose Lukas , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Morita Motoaki , Asael Dan , Yamanaka Toshiro , Bindi Luca , Koschinsky Andrea , Pracejus Bernhard , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: February 2024

Stibnite precipitates in the form of massive boulders at two active hydrothermal mounds in the submarine Wakamiko Crater (Ryukyu Volcanic Arc) as opposed to commonly observed accessory stibnite in the seafloor hydrothermal deposits. The stibnite dimorph, metastibnite, found here for the first time on the seafloor, appears to always form whenever stibnite is precipitated under submarine hydrothermal conditions. Our study shows that hydrothermal conditions of low temperatures (<50 °C) and low values of pH (<6) are favorable for the precipitation of stibnite on the seafloor. The stibnite probably does not precipitate at the measured vent fluid temperatures (i.e., 177.6–187.0 °C) along the chimney conduits, but rather at temperatures <50 °C and at slightly reduced to slightly oxic conditions (Eh = –0.5 to +0.5 V) within the chimney walls and hydrothermal mounds. Metastibnite deposition appears to be the result of rapid quenching of hot hydrothermal fluid when mixed with cold seawater and rapid precipitation at the interface between stibnite and vent fluid. The low concentrations (usually below detection limits) of the trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V, Zn) in the stibnite deposits from Wakamiko Crater are likely a result of the decreased metal-transporting capacity of the precipitating vent fluid due to its low chlorinity. Low-chlorinity venting implies sub-seafloor boiling and phase separation of the hydrothermal fluid. Sluggish hydrothermal fluid/seawater mixing within the walls of the chimneys and mounds favors the reduction of sulfate dissolved in the hydrothermal fluids and results in a heavy S isotope composition of the sulfate in the vent fluids. Sulfate reduction and disproportionation of magmatic SO2, both leading to heavy S isotope composition of sulfate in the vent fluids, seem to be common processes in volcanic arc/back-arc submarine hydrothermal settings.
First widespread occurrence of rare phosphate chladniite in a meteorite, winonaite Graves Nunataks (GRA) 12510: Implications for phosphide–phosphate redox buffered genesis in meteorites
Authors: Anzures Brendan A. , McCubbin Francis M. , Erickson Timmons M. , Jakubek Ryan S. , Fries Marc D. , Le Loan
Published: February 2024

The first widespread occurrence of rare Na-, Ca-, and Mg, Mn, Fe-bearing phosphate chladniite was observed in meteorite Graves Nunataks (GRA) 12510, which is a primitive achondrite that sits within the winonaite class. Numerous 1–500 µm chladniite grains were found, often on the margins between silicate clasts and the kamacite portions of the large metal veins that permeated through the sample. The largest chladniite grains are associated with merrillite, kamacite, taenite, troilite, albite, forsterite, diopside, and enstatite, with a few tiny chladniite grains and an apatite grain enclosed within merrillite. GRA 12510s average chladniite composition is Na2.7Ca1.25(Mg10.02Mn0.69Fe0.20)Σ10.91(PO4)9. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) patterns indicate varying degrees of nucleation and growth of chladniite grains. Additionally, the first pure Raman spectrum of chladniite is described here, revealing primary ν1 bands at 954, 974, and especially 984 cm–1. The co-occurrence and close association of merrillite, apatite, chladniite, and P-bearing metallic phases within GRA 12510 suggests that the fO2 of IW-2 to IW-4 is an intrinsic property of the precursor chondritic material, and the phosphate-phosphide reaction may have buffered the final winonaite and IAB iron meteorite phase assemblages. Altogether, chladniite appears to form alongside other phosphates, with their chemistries reflecting the diverse environment of their formation. Meteoritic chladniite likely formed through subsolidus oxidation of schreibersite, scavenging Na from albite, Ca from diopside, Mg from enstatite/forsterite, Fe from kamacite/taenite, and Mn from alabandite/chromite when available. A P0-P5+ redox-buffered environment also has implications for thermometry and fast cooling rates, although more experiments are needed to extrapolate powder reaction rates to those of larger crystals. Furthermore, phosphide-phosphate buffered experiments may aid in investigating equilibrium chemistry at fO2 values between IW-2 and IW-4, which have been challenging to explore experimentally due to the limited availability of solid metal-metal oxide buffers between IW (Fe-FeO) and IW-5 (Cr-Cr2O3) at temperatures and pressures relevant to planetary interiors. Future investigations of phosphide-phosphate redox-buffered genesis at fO2 values between IW-2 and IW-4 have important implications for primitive meteorite constituents (e.g., CAI values), partially differentiated planetesimals and planets, including Mercury and core formation on Earth.
Desocultamiento del neoliberalismo soterrado en el concepto de inclusión, mediante la filosofía intercultural: inclusión neoliberal e interculturalidad
Authors: Orrego Echeverría Israel Arturo , Prada Rodríguez Manuel Leonardo
Published: February 2024

En este texto se explica y problematiza el concepto de inclusión en el ámbito educativo, puesto que implica aceptar el neoliberalismo que lo sustenta ideológicamente; con ello, se perpetúan las estructuras injustas de la sociedad que, bajo el binarismo que lo caracteriza, excluyen los saberes bioculturales no occidentales. Los antecedentes son algunos textos de filosofía latinoamericana y filosofía intercultural, desde los cuales se explica que, para el neoliberalismo, la inclusión es de utilidad para arrasar con las creencias y prácticas bioculturales de las comunidades marginadas, al intentar homogeneizarlas con la cultura occidental. Dado que la inclusión educativa refleja la lógica del neoliberalismo, la hipótesis apunta a la necesidad de una filosofía intercultural que defienda las creencias y prácticas de la diversidad epistémica. Lo anterior se justifica en que algunos Estados promueven la inclusión de poblaciones marginadas en el sistema educativo y en el laboral como forma de contrarrestar la exclusión del sistema económico capitalista. Sin embargo, la inclusión impone normas occidentales que uniforman a las personas excluidas. Por eso, en lugar de incentivar la inclusión, se propone la interculturalidad como alternativa que fomenta el diálogo entre diversos saberes; el cual es necesario para construir un conocimiento integrador, transdisciplinar y complejo.
Aderência das cooperativas ao sistema de compliance considerando a legislação vigente
Authors: Pires e Silva Anderson Roberto , Dos Santos Vanessa Karoline Morais , Gonçalves Tadeu Júnior de Castro , Albuquerque Francivaldo dos Santos
Published: February 2024

Este estudo objetivou analisar a aderência das cooperativas da Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB) às leis e normas cooperativistas, tendo como base o quinto princípio do cooperativismo: Educação, Formação e Informação. À vista disso, buscou-se embasamento teórico sobre a relação entre capital humano, o princípio cooperativista e o compliance, conjugando esse conhecimento com a base legal que dá sustentação ao cooperativismo. Nesse sentido, realizou-se aplicação de formulários em 32 cooperativas. Na análise dos dados, efetuou-se análise documental e de conteúdo, sendo desenvolvidas duas categorias de análise: i) aspectos societários e, ii) aspectos contábil-tributários. Os resultados evidenciaram que a aderência das cooperativas às normas vigentes encontra-se de forma moderada com pontos positivos e negativos. Positivamente, destaca-se a preocupação com a transparência, evidenciada pela prestação de contas como item de pauta em todas as cooperativas. Negativamente, observou-se que, em um número expressivo de casos, as quotas-parte são transferidas para um membro da família em caso de morte do cooperado, tornando essa pessoa um novo sócio. Essa prática contraria tanto a Lei n.º 5.764/71 quanto o Código Civil. Por fim, espera-se que esta contribuição à literatura introduza novas discussões e chame a atenção das cooperativas para a importância de cumprir as normas vigentes que regulam seus procedimentos. Isso pode ajudar a evitar multas e erros nos procedimentos operacionais, que podem resultar na perda de benefícios fiscais e tributários. Além disso, destaca-se a necessidade de investimento contínuo em educação e informação por parte das cooperativas, a fim de qualificar e capacitar seus colaboradores, objetivando mitigar conflitos de interesses.
Análise da distribuição do crédito rural entre as unidades da federação no período de 2013 a 2022
Authors: Fossá Juliano Luiz , Villwock Ana Paula Schervinski , Matte Alessandra
Published: February 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a distribuição dos recursos de crédito rural entre as Unidades da Federação, entre 2013 e 2022. Para isso, foram analisados estatisticamente dados relacionados ao número de contratos, montante acessado e distribuição do acesso no território brasileiro quanto ao Crédito Rural Total, PRONAF e PRONAMP. As informações foram obtidas por meio da Matriz de Crédito Rural do Banco Central do Brasil para o período em análise, em que a variável dos valores financeiros foi deflacionada pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor (INPC) anual do IBGE, os quais representam os valores constantes para o ano de 2022. Como resultados, observou-se um cenário de aumento significativo do montante de crédito rural em alguns anos do período analisado, ao mesmo tempo que persiste a distribuição de crédito rural desigual entre as Unidades da Federação. O total de contratos no período foi superior a 20,9 milhões, o montante financeiro ultrapassou R$ 1,8 trilhão e valor médio dos contratos do crédito rural total passou de R$ 61 mil em 2013 para aproximadamente R$ 149 mil no ano de 2022. Dessa forma, há a necessidade de repensar políticas públicas de crédito para o meio rural, especialmente quanto à cobertura geográfica e as formas sustentáveis de produção.
Comparação entre a detecção de comunidades e o algoritmo K-Means na descoberta do espectro do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH)
Authors: Cassule Marnes Adão , Rodrigues Carreiro Luiz Renato , Silva Leandro Augusto
Published: February 2024

Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento que afeta a atenção e o controle comportamental. Os sintomas são frequentemente tratados de forma individualizada, mas a heterogeneidade do transtorno sugere a necessidade de abordagens mais personalizadas. Este estudo utilizou uma rede complexa de pacientes com TDAH para investigar a possibilidade de diferentes perfis de prejuízo atencional. A análise da rede revelou a presença de dois grupos distintos: um grupo moderado e um grupo severo. O grupo moderado apresentou tempos de reação mais rápidos e maiores valores de centralidade do que o grupo severo. Essas descobertas sugerem que os dois grupos podem apresentar diferentes características atencionais, o que pode ter implicações para o diagnóstico e tratamento do TDAH. O estudo utilizou o algoritmo de clusterização KMeans para identificar os dois grupos. Os resultados do teste de hipótese forneceram suporte à hipótese alternativa, indicando que a divisão em dois grupos distintos com base na variabilidade atencional é estatisticamente significativa. Este estudo fornece evidências de que os pacientes com TDAH podem apresentar diferentes características atencionais. Essas descobertas podem levar ao desenvolvimento de abordagens de diagnóstico e tratamento mais personalizado para o TDAH.
Analyses of drinking water quality during a protracted cholera epidemic in Malawi – a cross-sectional study of key physicochemical and microbiological parameters
Authors: Sokemawu Freeman Alex Yao , Ganizani Aaron , Mwale Annie Chauma , Manda Innocent Kauta , Chitete James , Phiri Gift , Stambuli Bashil , Chimulambe Elias , Koslengar Mougabe , Kimambo Neema Rusibamayila , Bita Alisa , Apolot Rebecca Racheal , Mponda Hamid , Mungwira Randy George , Chapotera Gertrude , Yur Chol Thabo , Yatich Nelly Jepkonga , Totah Terence , Mantchombe Freddie , Chamla Dick Damas , Olu Olushayo Oluseun
Published: February 2024

Anecdotal evidence and available literature indicated that contaminated water played a major role in spreading the prolonged cholera epidemic in Malawi from 2022 to 2023. This study assessed drinking water quality in 17 cholera-affected Malawi districts from February to April 2023. Six hundred and thirty-three records were analysed. The median counts/100 ml for thermotolerant coliform was 98 (interquartile range (IQR): 4–100) and that for Escherichia coli was 0 (IQR: 0–9). The drinking water in all (except one) districts was contaminated by thermotolerant coliform, while six districts had their drinking water sources contaminated by E. coli. The percentage of contaminated drinking water sources was significantly higher in shallow unprotected wells (80.0% for E. coli and 95.0% for thermotolerant coliform) and in households (55.8% for E. coli and 86.0% for thermotolerant coliform). Logistic regression showed that household water has three times more risk of being contaminated by E. coli and two and a half times more risk of being contaminated by thermotolerant coliform compared to other water sources. This study demonstrated widespread contamination of drinking water sources during a cholera epidemic in Malawi, which may be the plausible reason for the protracted nature of the epidemic.
Adaptive river flow measurement method based on spatiotemporal image velocimetry and optical flow
Authors: Wang Jianping , Chen Yingbo , Yao Guangqiang , Li Neng
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes an adaptive river discharge measurement method based on spatiotemporal image velocimetry (STIV) and optical flow to solve the problem of blurred texture features and limited measurement accuracy under complex natural environmental conditions. Optical flow tracking generates spatiotemporal images by following the flow mainstream direction of rivers with both regular and irregular natural banks. A texture similarity function filtering method effectively enhances spatiotemporal texture features. The proposed method is applied to a natural river, with measurement results from a propeller-type current meter used as truth values. It is evaluated and compared with three other methods regarding measurement accuracy, error, and other evaluation indices. The results demonstrate that the method significantly improves spatiotemporal image quality. Its estimation outcomes perform better across all evaluation metrics, enhancing the adaptability and accuracy of the flow measurement method.
Pytanie o jedność nauki na przykładzie kosmologii antropicznej
Authors: Leciejewski Sławomir
Published: February 2024

Wobec postępującego od lat procesu dyferencjacji nauk warto zadać pytanie o ich możliwą integrację. Problem ten przedstawiony zostanie na przykładzie kosmologii antropicznej. W pierwszej części artykułu opisane zostaną dwa podstawowe ujęcia kosmologii antropicznej, to znaczy mocna i słaba kosmologia antropiczna (kosmologia inflacyjna oraz kosmologia kwantowa). Następnie zostanie ona ukazana jako przykład projektu integracji nauk ewolucyjnych. W ostatniej części artykułu podjęta zostanie próba wykazania, że kosmologia antropiczna (w znaczeniu szerszym niż wcześniej opisana słaba i mocna kosmologia antropiczna) może stanowić paradygmatyczny przykład nauki ewolucyjnej o najszerszym zakresie badawczym i spójnej metodzie badawczej, wspólnej dla wszystkich nauk ewolucyjnych. Będzie to zatem opis projektu badawczego, który jednoczy wszystkie nauki ewolucyjne.
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Zgłoszono: 18/04/2023. Zrecenzowano: 20/09/2023. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 15/11/2023.
Desafios para a Implantação de um Escritório Estratégico de Projetos na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Authors: Raposo Carolina Guimarães , Gomes Kathiane Galdino Maia , Ceolin Alessandra Carla , Cabral Romilson Marques
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem a finalidade de analisar a importância da implantação de um escritório estratégico de projetos na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) e quais os fatores críticos existentes para essa implantação. O desenvolvimento de mecanismos de monitoramento, avaliação e controle permitem à Instituição gerar eficiência e eficácia ao serviço público. Apesar de gestão de projetos (GP) ser algo recente nas universidades públicas, é imprescindível que essas instituições se debrucem sobre essa temática, gerando valor à sociedade. O nível estratégico do escritório de projetos é denominado nível corporativo, sendo considerado como o centro de excelência para gestão de projetos. Para atingir os objetivos deste estudo, analisam-se os seguintes aspectos: i) levantamento da literatura sobre a importância da GP, posicionamento estratégico e possíveis resultados e, ii) revisão da estrutura organizacional da UFRPE. A análise é de natureza qualitativa e descritiva. Os resultados apontam os principias fatores críticos para a implantação do escritório, em nível estratégico, na Universidade. Compreender a estrutura organizacional é fundamental, uma vez que a governança institucional determina a forma como a UFRPE está estruturada e suas relações institucionais. Um diagnóstico para a implantação de um escritório de projetos na Universidade é apresentado, utilizando a ferramenta diagrama de árvore, em que foi possível realizar a investigação e exposição dos fatores críticos identificados. Cultura organizacional complexa e conservadora, estrutura departamentalizada, comunicação sem a devida fluidez, restrições orçamentárias e de pessoal, dentre outros fatores críticos são registrados entre esses obstáculos.
A realidade previdenciária brasileira após a “reforma” da previdência em 2019
Authors: Silva Roberta Cristina da , Fonseca Francisco César Pinto da
Published: February 2024

No contexto das “reformas” neoliberais levadas a cabo a partir da quebra da ordem constitucional de 2016, ressalta-se neste estudo a relevância da Previdência Social a partir de enfoques distintos, isto é, as dimensões social, política e econômica do sistema previdenciário. A linha temporal perpassa a última “reforma” previdenciária, iniciada em 2016 e promulgada em 2019, em que se avalia se cumpriu com seus propósitos alegados: a diminuição do suposto déficit e o combate aos privilégios, o que levaria à maior equidade fiscal e social. Ao longo do tempo, em todas as reformas intentadas anteriormente houve a repetição dos argumentos quanto às justificativas e alterações propostas, caso do tempo de contribuição e da idade mínima como imperativos a serem adotados em razão do déficit entre contribuições e aposentadorias. Portanto, quanto aos motivos, o alegado “rombo” previdenciário, paralelamente à maior longevidade da população, ocupam papel central no discurso pró “reforma”, aqui tomada como “contrarreforma” por antagonizar-se aos princípios da CF/88. Deve-se ressaltar as outras contrarreformas que têm contribuído ao desfinanciamento social: trabalhista, teto de gasto sociais e Banco Central independente, entre outras. A perspectiva teórica ancorou-se no conceito de “governo empresarial” (Dardot e Laval, 2016), para a compreensão do quadro geral das “reformas” neoliberais, e no estudo pormenorizado da “contrarreforma” da Previdência (Fagnani, 2019). A metodologia abarcou a pesquisa descritiva-explicativa com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Os resultados possibilitaram a inferência de que a reforma de 2019 não alcançou os resultados propalados, pois déficit cresceu continuamente e a diferença entre o número de requerimentos em comparação às concessões de aposentadorias é substancialmente discrepante. Mais ainda, as significativas desigualdades sociais existentes no país não foram mitigadas, ao contrário, pois após a aprovação dessa “contrarreforma” houve aumento da iniquidade, notadamente aos mais pobres, tendo em vista a transferência de renda possibilitada pelo sistema previdenciário.
COVID-19: Recent Insight in Genomic Feature, Pathogenesis,
Immunological Biomarkers, Treatment Options and Clinical Updates on
SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Harwansh Ranjit Kumar , Garg Akash , Mishra Sakshi , Agrawal Rutvi , Jangde Rajendra
Published: February 2024

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and transmissible viral infection that first emerged
in 2019 and since then has sparked an epidemic of severe respiratory problems identified as “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) that causes a hazard to human life and safety. The virus developed mainly from bats. The current epidemic has presented a significant warning to life across the
world by showing mutation. There are different tests available for testing Coronavirus, and RTPCR is the best, giving more accurate results, but it is also time-consuming. There are different options available for treating n-CoV-19, which include medications such as Remdesivir, corticosteroids, plasma therapy, Dexamethasone therapy, etc. The development of vaccines such as BNT126b2, ChAdOX1, mRNA-1273 and BBIBP-CorV has provided great relief in dealing with the
virus as they decreased the mortality rate. BNT126b2 and ChAdOX1 are two n-CoV vaccines
found to be most effective in controlling the spread of infection. In the future, nanotechnology-based vaccines and immune engineering techniques can be helpful for further research on Coronavirus and treatment of this deadly virus. The existing knowledge about the existence of SARS--
CoV-2, along with its variants, is summarized in this review. This review, based on recently published findings, presents the core genetics of COVID-19, including heritable characteristics, pathogenesis, immunological biomarkers, treatment options and clinical updates on the virus, along
with patents.
Dendrobine: A neuroprotective Sesquiterpenic Alkaloid for the Prevention
and Treatment of Diseases: A Review
Authors: Bhardwaj Kanchan , Bhargav Rashi , Patocka Jiri , Sharma Ruchi , Navratilova Zdenka , Oleksak Patrik , Kuca Kamil
Published: February 2024

A sesquiterpenic alkaloid dendrobine is the major bioactive compound extracted from
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. This compound was structurally very similar to picrotoxinin (neurotoxin)
containing bicyclic or tricyclic ring while dendrobine containing tetracyclic rings with up to 7 stereogenic
centers showing numerous neuroprotective effects. Several sesquiterpenic alkaloids such as
(+)-(1R,5R,6S,8R,9R)- 8,12-dihydroxy-copacamphan-3-en-2-one, dendrobine, denrine B, (+)-
(1R,2S,3R,4S,5R,6S,9R)-3,11,12-trihydroxypicrotoxane-2(15)-lactone, dendroxine B, nobilonine,
13-Hydroxy-14-oxodendrobine, 6-Hydroxy-nobilonine and (−)-(1S,2R,3S,4R,5S,6R,9S,12R)-
3,11,13-trihydroxypicrotoxane-2(15)-lactone were isolated from D. nobile This comprehensive review
summarizes the necessary information on the morphology, biochemistry and pharmacology of
dendrobine. The phytochemical profile had potent in-vivo and in-vitro efficacy in neuroprotection,
nerve function, memory enhancement, cognitive disorders, anxiety and depression, anti-oxidant,
psychological conditions, increasing serotonin concentration in synapse anxiolytic, tranquilizing,
anti-stress, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson), anti-inflammatory and analgesic.
The compound dendrobine activates neuro synapses, serotonergic synapse and signaling pathways
during neurotransmission playing important role in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease,
anxiety and long-term depression.
Dissecting the Mechanisms of Intestinal Immune Homeostasis by
Analyzing T-Cell Immune Response in Crohn's Disease and Colorectal
Cancer
Authors: Jiang Tianming , Zheng Jie , Li Nana , Li Xiaodong , He Jixing , Zhou Junde , Sun Boshi , Chi Qiang
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Crohn's disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) represent a group of
intestinal disorders characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms linked to the disruption of intestinal
immune homeostasis. Therefore, comprehending the immune response mechanisms in
both categories of intestinal disorders is of paramount significance in the prevention and treatment
of these debilitating intestinal ailments.

Method:

In this study, we conducted single-cell analysis on paired samples obtained from primary
colorectal tumors and individuals with Crohn's disease, which was aimed at deciphering the
factors influencing the composition of the intestinal immune microenvironment. By aligning T
cells across different tissues, we identified various T cell subtypes, such as γδ T cell, NK T cell,
and regulatory T (Treg) cell, which maintained immune system homeostasis and were confirmed
in enrichment analyses. Subsequently, we generated pseudo-time trajectories for subclusters of T
cells in both syndromes to delineate their differentiation patterns and identify key driver genes.

Result:

Furthermore, cellular communication and transcription factor regulatory networks are all
essential components of the intricate web of mechanisms that regulate intestinal immune homeostasis.
The identified complex cellular interaction suggested potential T-lineage immunotherapeutic
targets against epithelial cells with high copy number variation (CNV) levels in CD and CRC.

Conclusion:

Finally, the analysis of regulon networks revealed several promising candidates for
cell-specific transcription factors (TFs). This study focused on the immune molecular mechanism
under intestinal diseases. It contributed to the novel insight of depicting a detailed immune landscape
and revealing T-cell responding mechanisms in CD and CRC.
Risk Factors for Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Combined Revascularization in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Xu Dongxiao , Guo Jiaojiao , Zheng Bingjie , Wu Qiaowei , Gareev Ilgiz , Beylerli Ozal , Beilerli Aferin , Shi Huaizhang
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is known as a complication
after bypass surgery for Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the incidence of CHS has not
been accurately reported, and there is no consensus on the risk factors associated with it.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative CHS
after surgical combined revascularization used to treat adult patients with MMD.

Objective:

To assess the frequency and characteristics of CHS in patients with MMD after revascularization
operations.

Methods:

Patients who received combined revascularization from Jan 2021 to Nov 2022 were
retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic features were
recorded. Postoperative CHS after surgery were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses
were performed to identify the risk factors for CHS.

Results:

A total of 133 patients (141 hemispheres) were included in this study. Postoperative
CHS were observed in 28 hemispheres (19.8%), including focal cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome
(FCHS) in 20 hemispheres (14.2%), hemorrhage in 4 (2.8%) hemispheres, seizures in 4
(2.8%) hemispheres. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative
hypertension (OR 4.705, 95% CI 1.323 ~ 12.554, p = 0.014), cerebral hemorrhage onset
(OR 5.390, 95% CI 1.408 ~ 20.642, p = 0.014) and higher Hct level (OR 1.171, 95% CI 1.051 ~
1.305, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with CHS after combined revascularizatio

Conclusions:

Preoperative hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage onset, and higher Hct level were
independent risk factors for CHS after combined revascularization.
Quantitative Perfusion Analysis of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Might Help
Differentiate Benign and Malignant Solid Cystic Lesions of the Kidney: A Case
Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ying Li , Luo Li , Li Fang , Zhou Hang , Tao Xueshuang , Ling Yun
Published: February 2024

Background::

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is a rare benign lesion that appears as a solid cystic renal lesion or complex renal
cystic lesion on medical imaging. There are no definite imaging criteria for METSK diagnosis.

Case Presentation::

We present a case of a solid cystic renal mass that was evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) during an imaging workup. The patient
underwent nephrectomy and histopathological confirmation of MESTK. The lesions showed hypoenhancement during the process. Quantitative
perfusion analysis showed the septation of the solid cystic lesion to have lower peak enhancement with a longer rise time compared to the normal
renal cortex.

Discussion::

CEUS can visualize the microcirculation of the organ and reconstruction of the vessels. By providing a more detailed visualization of the
microvessel, CEUS is a useful tool for further characterizing renal lesions that show indeterminate enhancement on CT. This study determined the
time to peak to be shorter for the cancerous lesion than the normal renal cortex, while peak intensity did not differ between the cancerous lesion
and the normal renal cortex.

Conclusion::

Quantitative perfusion analysis of CEUS may be useful for differentiating benign and malignant solid cystic renal masses. Further investigation is
needed to determine whether peak intensity is a useful parameter in differentiating benign and malignant solid cystic lesions of the kidney.
nnUNet for Automatic Kidney and Cyst Segmentation in Autosomal Dominant
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Krishnan Chetana , Schmidt Emma , Onuoha Ezinwanne , Mrug Michal , Cardenas Carlos E. , Kim Harrison
Published: February 2024

Background::

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder that causes uncontrolled kidney cyst growth, leading to kidney
volume enlargement and renal function loss over time. Total kidney volume (TKV) and cyst burdens have been used as prognostic imaging
biomarkers for ADPKD.

Objective::

This study aimed to evaluate nnUNet for automatic kidney and cyst segmentation in T2-weighted (T2W) MRI images of ADPKD patients.

Methods::

756 kidney images were retrieved from 95 patients in the Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP)
cohort (95 patients × 2 kidneys × 4 follow-up scans). The nnUNet model was trained, validated, and tested on 604, 76, and 76 images, respectively.
In contrast, all images of each patient were exclusively assigned to either the training, validation, or test sets to minimize evaluation bias. The
kidney and cyst regions defined using a semi-automatic method were employed as ground truth. The model performance was assessed using the
Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), the intersection over union (IoU) score, and the Hausdorff distance (HD).

Results::

The test DSC values were 0.96±0.01 (mean±SD) and 0.90±0.05 for kidney and cysts, respectively. Similarly, the IoU scores were 0.91± 0.09 and
0.81±0.06, and the HD values were 12.49±8.71 mm and 12.04±10.41 mm, respectively, for kidney and cyst segmentation.

Conclusion::

The nnUNet model is a reliable tool to automatically determine kidney and cyst volumes in T2W MRI images for ADPKD prognosis and therapy
monitoring.
Research Progress in the Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Based on Aptamers
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Xiaofang , Xie Xiaoyi , Li Dong , Fan Yuxiu , Huang Bin , Yang Xiupei
Published: February 2024

Aflatoxin B1 is highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic and is a class I
carcinogen. Peanuts, cotton, and corn may be affected by AFB1 during cultivation, which can seriously
jeopardize human health. Developing a simple, sensitive, and selective method for detecting
AFB1 is imminent. Aptamers are obtained through in vitro screening of ligands by single-stranded
oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) through exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. As emerging
highly selective recognition molecules, they have the advantages of strong affinity, good stability,
and strong specificity. Because it does not have the function of signal conversion, it cannot produce
physicochemical signals that can be detected in the process of specific binding with target molecules,
so it is necessary to convert the process of specific binding of aptamers to target molecules into a
process of easily detectable physicochemical signal changes. According to different conversion
methods, aptamer biosensors are divided into electrochemical aptamer sensors, fluorescent aptamer
sensors, colorimetric aptamer sensors, surface Raman-enhanced aptamer sensors, and so on. Herein,
the recent progress and application of aflatoxin B1 detection by nucleic acid aptamer biosensors
based on the above signals are reviewed, and the future development prospects and challenges of this
kind of biosensor are summarized.