bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superfluorescence and nonlinear optical response of CH3NH3PbBr3-based mesostructures: applications to amplified spontaneous emission and ultrafast lasers
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Yang Jingjing , Zhan Zijun , Kou Huiling , Liu Zhengzheng , Wang Yubo , Liu Xueyao , Dong Siyu , Li Tuo , Zou Xiaofeng , Zhou Wenbin , Yan Qiuting , Du Juan , Li Dengwang , Cheng Chen , Si Shuhao
Published: December 2024

Metal halide perovskites have unique luminescent properties that make them an attractive alternative for high quality light-emitting devices. However, the poor stability of perovskites with many defects and the long cycle time for the preparation of perovskite nanocomposites have hindered their production and application. Here, we prepared the perovskite mesostructures by embedding MAPbBr3 nanocrystals in the mesopores on the surface of silica nanospheres and mixing the nanospheres with silver nanowires and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and further explored their optical properties. The perovskite mesostructures exhibited superfluorescence (SF) under 785 nm laser excitation and the decay time was as short as 0.59 ps using a double exponential decay fit. The optical nonlinearity of these perovskite mesostructures under two-photon excitation was investigated by the Z-scanning technique. The samples exhibited both two-photon absorption (TPA) and saturation absorption (SA) with nonlinear absorption coefficients β ranging approximately 0.15 to 0.89 cm/GW corresponding to the TPA, and a saturation intensity of about 0.026 GW/cm2 was determined. In addition, the quality of the perovskite mesostructures was shown to be significantly improved, including an increase in radiative efficiency and an extension of the optical gain lifetime. The samples were excited by a two-photon femtosecond laser pump at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the laser peak appeared at 540.1 nm with a low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 0.52 mJ/cm2. Moreover, the perovskite mesostructures have been added to the fiber laser system as a saturable absorber, and the Q-switched pulse is generated at the wavelength of 1.5 µm. Our work effectively demonstrates that perovskite mesostructured materials can be functionalized for photonic devices, paving the way for further exploration of complex, functional and practical perovskite.
Research on the miniaturization method of the broadband linear-to-circular polarization conversion metasurface based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Ma Yaodong , Hu Yanwen , Zhou Wen-Ying , Zhang Tingrong
Published: December 2024

The size of the metasurface unit cell increases with the decrease of its center working frequency (CF). This is not conducive to the integrated design of the metasurface. To address the problem, a miniaturization design method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. Firstly, an element library is established. By randomly selecting and combining these elements, various structures are generated as the initial population of GA. Secondly, a Python-CST joint simulation program is constructed to automatically model the metasurface unit cells and extract their electromagnetic parameters. Finally, after multiple iterations of optimization, the optimized unit cell is obtained. This paper takes the transmissive-type linear-to-circular polarization conversion metasurface (LTCPCM) as a research object. The simulation results show that the size of the designed unit cell is only 0.18 λ of the CF (3.86 GHz). The LTCPCM exhibits broadband and wide-angle characteristics, with a fractional bandwidth (FB) of 71% (incident angle θ = 0°) and an angular stability (AS) of 45°. The experimental validation and the simulation result are consistent, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research results can provide a reference for further miniaturization design of metasurface unit cells.
Feasibility of phase stabilization for satellite-mediated twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Collier Joshua J. , Gozzard David R. , Wallis John S. , McSorely Shawn M. P.
Published: December 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is critical for future proofed secure communication. Satellites will be necessary to mediate QKD on a global scale. The limitations of the existing quantum memory and repeater technology mean that twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) provides the most feasible near-term solution to perform QKD with an untrusted satellite. However, the TF-QKD requires links between ground stations and satellites to be phase stable. We show that phase stabilization of the links to LEO and MEO satellites is feasible in spite of phase noise due to atmospheric turbulence, laser instability, and path length asymmetry while only incurring a quantum bit error rate (QBER) penalty of less than 1.5%. These results are also applicable to future untrusted satellite networks employing precisely synchronized quantum memories or quantum repeaters.
Quantitative and Kinetic Proteomics Reveal ApoE Isoform-dependent Proteostasis Adaptations in Mouse Brain
Authors: Zuniga Nathan R. , Earls Noah E. , Denos Ariel E. A. , Elison Jared M. , Jones Benjamin S. , Smith Ethan G. , Moran Noah G. , Broce Katie L. , Romero Gerome M. , Hyer Chad D. , Wagstaff Kimberly B. , Almughamsi Haifa M. , Transtrum Mark K. , Price John C.
Published: December 2024

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms modify the risk of Alzheimer’s disease with ApoE4 strongly increasing and ApoE2 modestly decreasing risk relative to the control ApoE3. To investigate how ApoE isoforms alter risk, we measured changes in proteome homeostasis in transgenic mice expressing a human ApoE gene (isoform 2, 3, or 4). The regulation of each protein’s homeostasis is observed by measuring turnover rate and abundance for that protein. We identified 4849 proteins and tested for ApoE isoform-dependent changes in the homeostatic regulation of ~2700 ontologies. In the brain, we found that ApoE4 and ApoE2 both lead to modified regulation of mitochondrial membrane proteins relative to the wild-type control ApoE3. In ApoE4 mice, lack of cohesion between mitochondrial membrane and matrix proteins suggests that dysregulation of proteasome and autophagy is reducing protein quality. In ApoE2, proteins of the mitochondrial matrix and the membrane, including oxidative phosphorylation complexes, had a similar increase in degradation which suggests coordinated replacement of the entire organelle. In the liver we did not observe these changes suggesting that the ApoE-effect on proteostasis is amplified in the brain relative to other tissues. Our findings underscore the utility of combining protein abundance and turnover rates to decipher proteome regulatory mechanisms and their potential role in biology.
Hierarchical marker genes selection in scRNA-seq analysis
Authors: Sun Yutong , Qiu Peng
Published: December 2024

When analyzing scRNA-seq data containing heterogeneous cell populations, an important task is to select informative marker genes to distinguish various cell clusters and annotate the clusters with biologically meaningful cell types. In existing analysis methods and pipelines, marker genes are typically identified using a one-vs-all strategy, examining differential expression between one cell cluster versus the combination of all other cell clusters. However, this strategy applied to cell clusters belonging to closely related cell types often generates overlapping marker genes, which capture the common signature of closely related cell clusters but provide limited information for distinguishing them. To address the limitations of the one-vs-all strategy, we propose a hierarchical marker gene selection strategy that groups similar cell clusters and selects marker genes in a hierarchical manner. This strategy is able to improve the accuracy and interpretability of cell type identification in single-cell RNA-seq data.
Loss of Notch dimerization perturbs intestinal homeostasis by a mechanism involving HDAC activity
Authors: Dai Quanhui , Preusse Kristina , Yu Danni , Kovall Rhett A. , Thorner Konrad , Lin Xinhua , Kopan Raphael
Published: December 2024

A tri-protein complex containing NICD, RBPj and MAML1 binds DNA as monomer or as cooperative dimers to regulate transcription. Mice expressing Notch dimerization-deficient alleles (NDD) of Notch1 and Notch2 are sensitized to environmental insults but otherwise develop and age normally. Transcriptomic analysis of colonic spheroids uncovered no evidence of dimer-dependent target gene miss-regulation, confirmed impaired stem cell maintenance in-vitro, and discovered an elevated signature of epithelial innate immune response to symbionts, a likely underlying cause for heightened sensitivity in NDD mice. TurboID followed by quantitative nano-spray MS/MS mass-spectrometry analyses in a human colon carcinoma cell line expressing either NOTCH2DD or NOTCH2 revealed an unbalanced interactome, with reduced interaction of NOTCH2DD with the transcription machinery but relatively preserved interaction with the HDAC2 interactome suggesting modulation via cooperativity. To ask if HDAC2 activity contributes to Notch loss-of-function phenotypes, we used the HDAC2 inhibitor Valproic acid (VPA) and discovered it could prevent the intestinal consequences of NDD and gamma secretase inhibitors (DBZ or DAPT) treatment in mice and spheroids, suggesting synergy between HDAC activity and pro-differentiation program in intestinal stem cells.
Hymenolepis nana antigens alleviate ulcerative colitis by promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation via AhR/IL-22 signaling pathway
Authors: Cui Xuanyin , Cheng Yi , Wang Hongyan , Li Xiaomao , Li Jinfu , Zhang Ke , Mou Rong
Published: December 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with an unknown etiology and is difficult to treat. Studies have shown that some helminths and their associated products have therapeutic potential in controlling or preventing inflammatory diseases. This study is to investigate the mitigation effects of Hymenolepis nana antigens (HnAg) on the UC model. HnAg significantly improved the disease activity index, colon length, and colonic pathological damage in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. HnAg intervention could protect the number of goblet cells and enhance the expression of tight junction proteins and mucins, thereby improving intestinal barrier integrity. HnAg attenuated small intestinal organoid damage and stimulated intestinal stem cells proliferation in a DSS-induced mouse organoid inflammation model. The protective mechanism of HnAg might be related to the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/IL-22 signaling pathway, which regulates intestinal barrier function and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. In conclusion, HnAg has a therapeutic effect on UC mice. Our study provides a new approach for alleviating UC by Hymenolepis nana and its associated products.
Cost of dengue in Colombia: A systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J. , López-Medina Eduardo , Arboleda Iván , Cardona-Ospina Jaime A. , Castellanos Jaime , Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Gallagher Elaine , Hanley Riona , López Pio , Mattar Salim , Pérez Carlos Eduardo , Kastner Randee , Reynales Humberto , Rosso Fernando , Shen Jing , Villamil-Gómez Wilmer E. , Fuquen Marcela
Published: December 2024

Background

Dengue is hyperendemic in Colombia. It imposes a substantial economic burden on patients, caregivers, society, and the national health system. We intend to identify and synthesize the evidence regarding the economic burden of dengue in Colombia.

Methods

A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021257985) of economic studies was performed. A comprehensive search was completed in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the LILACS, and SciELO databases. Study selection and data extraction was made by two researchers.

Results

160 records were identified. Of these, 14 studies were selected for data extraction. Direct medical cost of dengue is mainly represented by hospitalization (USD 823 to 1,754). The annual aggregated cost is near to USD 159.6 million, with ambulatory care (USD 90.1 million) and fatal cases (USD 30.7 million) representing 75% of the total cost. The aggregate indirect cost (due to loss in income while sick or as a caretaker) was USD 92.8 million. Vaccination seems to reduce the economic cost of dengue.

Conclusions

Dengue financial burden could be challenging for low-income communities as those affected in Colombia. An integrated approach including vector control and the introduction of a vaccine for dengue has the potential to reduce the economic burden of the disease.
Assess the efficacy of China’s Inter-provincial Government Services policy: A quantitative evaluation based on PMC-Index model
Authors: Geng Rong-qing , Wu Jian
Published: December 2024

To face with the challenges of governance in the digital age, such as insufficient coordination between regional governments and low quality and efficiency of government services, China has proposed the Inter-provincial Government Services Policy. The policy is capable of realizing the government’s ability to handle service matters for the public in different regions, thus facilitating the regional government’s coordination and upgrading the level of government services. This paper collects and organizes the texts of 28 Inter-provincial Government Services policies, and uses ROSTCM6 text mining software to screen and identify the policy text content. Then a quantitative evaluation method based on the PMC model is proposed to examine the consistency and efficacy of the policy in this paper. The results show that: (a) The policy design is generally considered to be rational, with the majority of policies rated as excellent and a few rated as acceptable. There are no policies considered bad or perfect. From a certain point of view, these policies show obvious advantages in terms of policy nature, policy content and policy function. (b) The equilibrium of various policy indicators implies a high level of policy consistency. It indicates the overall coherence and coordination of the policies, contributing to enhanced predictability, credibility, and operationalization of policies, thereby establishing the foundation for their effective implementation. (c) There are still several weak points with the current policies, including the narrow scope of areas, the lack of medium- and long-term planning, and the insufficiently scientific nature of the instruments, evaluations and citations. This paper presents optimization recommendations aimed at addressing the aforementioned issues, which include expanding the scope of the policy, bolstering the long-term impact of the policy, and enhancing the quality of decision-making.
ST-YOLO: A defect detection method for photovoltaic modules based on infrared thermal imaging and machine vision technology
Authors: Xie Hanfei , Yuan Baoxi , Hu Chengyu , Gao Yujie , Wang Feng , Wang Chunlan , Wang Yuqian , Chu Peng
Published: December 2024

Photovoltaic panels are the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems, and their quality directly affects power generation efficiency and circuit safety. To address the shortcomings of existing photovoltaic defect detection technologies, such as high labor costs, large workloads, high sensor failure rates, low reliability, high false alarm rates, high network demands, and slow detection speeds of traditional algorithms, we propose an algorithm named ST-YOLO specifically for photovoltaic module defect detection. This algorithm is based on YOLOv8s. First, it introduces the C2f-SCconv convolution module, which is based on SCconv convolution. This module reduces the computational burden of model parameters and improves detection speed through lightweight design. Additionally, the Triplet Attention mechanism is incorporated, significantly enhancing detection accuracy without substantially increasing model parameter computations. Experiments on a self-built photovoltaic array infrared defect image dataset show that ST-YOLO, compared to the baseline YOLOv8s, achieves a 15% reduction in model weight, a 2.9% improvement in Precision, and a 1.4% increase in mAP@0.5. Compared to YOLOv7-Tiny and YOLOv5s, ST-YOLO also demonstrates superior detection performance and advantages. This indicates that ST-YOLO has significant application value in photovoltaic defect detection.
Pathogen class-specific transcriptional responses derived from PBMCs accurately discriminate between fungal, bacterial, and viral infections
Authors: Steinbrink Julie M. , Liu Yiling , Henao Ricardo , Tsalik Ephraim L. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Ramsburg Elizabeth , Woods Christopher W. , McClain Micah T.
Published: December 2024

Immune responses during acute infection often contain canonical elements which are shared across the responses to an array of agents within a given pathogen class (i.e., respiratory viral infection). Identification of these shared, canonical elements across similar infections offers the potential for impacting development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. In this way, analysis of host gene expression patterns (‘signatures’) in white blood cells has been shown to be useful for determining the etiology of some acute viral and bacterial infections. In order to study conserved immune elements shared across the host response to related pathogens, we performed in vitro human PBMC challenges with common fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and gattii); four strains of influenza virus (Influenza A/Puerto Rico/08/34 [H1N1, PR8], A/Brisbane/59/2007 [H1N1], A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 [H1N1], and A/Wisconsin/67/2005 [H3N2]); and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae) bacteria. Exposed human cells were then analyzed for differential gene expression utilizing Affymetrix microarrays. Analysis of pathogen exposure of PBMCs revealed strong, conserved gene expression patterns representing these canonical immune response elements to each broad pathogen class. A 41-gene multinomial signature was developed which correctly classified fungal, viral, or bacterial exposure with 94–98% accuracy. Furthermore, a 21-gene signature consisting of a subset of the discriminatory PBMC-derived genes was capable of accurately differentiating human patients with invasive candidiasis, acute viral infection, or bacterial infection (AUC 0.94, 0.83, and 0.96 respectively). These data reinforce the conserved nature of the genomic responses in human peripheral blood cells upon exposure to infectious agents and highlight the potential for in vitro models to augment our ability to develop novel diagnostic classifiers for acute infectious diseases, particularly devastating fungal infections.
Toward better drivability: Investigating user preferences for tip-in acceleration profiles in electric vehicles
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Yang Jaesik
Published: December 2024

Vehicle drivability, defined as the smooth operation and stability of a vehicle in response to driver inputs, significantly influences the performance of passenger cars. Among various driving conditions, tip-in acceleration is one of the most frequently encountered and crucial factors affecting drivability. This study investigates preferred longitudinal acceleration profiles for electric vehicles through subjective evaluations obtained from on-road tests. Five distinctive acceleration profiles were designed for tip-in conditions and evaluated by 15 highly experienced experts using the paired comparison method. Evaluations were conducted across three scenarios: light tip-in at 30 km/h, middle tip-in at 30 km/h, and middle tip-in at 60 km/h. Experimental results revealed distinct preferences based on driving conditions. For light tip-in at 30 km/h, drivers favored linear acceleration profiles with smaller jerk magnitudes and kurtosis. Conversely, for middle tip-in conditions at both 30 and 60 km/h, drivers preferred acceleration profiles exhibiting rapid initial acceleration followed by a smooth transition. However, at 60 km/h, a preference for higher jerk and steeper gradients was observed. Correlation analyses provided insights into the relationship between subjective preferences and dynamic characteristics of acceleration profiles. This study contributes practical guidance for designing optimal acceleration profiles aligned with driver preferences, thereby enhancing drivability and overall user experience in electric vehicles.
Proteomics analysis of body fluid exosomes of rheumatoid arthritis patients underwent oxhorn cupping therapy
Authors: Leng Du , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Wang Tegexibaiyin , Su Ruga , Bao Saren , Mo Xiele , Ge Xigesaiyin , Cha Suna , Xi Runtulaguer , Wu Saqila , Sa RenGaoWa , Zhao Jiaqi , Na Ren , Molor-Erdene Perenlei
Published: December 2024

Objective

The present study was undertaken to understand the multitarget mechanisms of oxhorn cupping therapy (OHCT) in treating rheumatoid arthritis by proteomic analysis.

Methods

Thirty rheumatoid arthritis patients underwent OHCT and liquid (body fluid) accumulated in the cupping vessels was collected. Exosomes from the body fluid were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Particle size analysis, fluorescent labeling, and flow cytometry detection were also performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis was used to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, clusters of orthologous groups (COG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to perform bioinformatics analysis of DEPs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the key targets regulated by OHCT.

Results

According to TEM images, the average size of exosomes in body fluid of RA patients underwent OHCT was 76.13 nm (5.27E+10 /mL). The positive rates of CD9, CD63, and CD8 were detected on the surface of body fluid exosomes. A total of 300 DEPs (58 up-regulated and 242 down-regulated) were identified between the pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. DEPs were related mostly to protein binding, focal adhesion, extracellular region, post-translational modification and signal transduction. KEGG pathway analysis showed a significant enrichment of DEPs in PI3K-Akt pathway and focal adhesion. Ten DEGs (ITGA5, ITGA4, ENG, MMP14, SERPINH1, THY1, TAGLN, ITGA1, IGF1, and ITGB5) were considered target genes according to PPI network analysis. ELISA showed a slight decrease in the serum levels of CDK1, ITGA5, ITGB5, and CD44 during and after treatment.

Conclusions

Body fluid samples from RA patients treated with oxhorn cupping contain exosomes. OHCT might exert therapeutic effects in RA through multiple signaling pathways and multiple protein targets.
Efficacy and safety of intradialytic parenteral nutrition using ENEFLUID® in malnourished patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: An exploratory, multicenter, randomized, open-label study
Authors: Kabasawa Hideyuki , Hosojima Michihiro , Kanda Eiichiro , Nagai Miho , Murayama Toshiko , Tani Miyuki , Kamoshita Satoru , Kuroda Akiyoshi , Kanno Yoshihiko
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) using ENEFLUID® (310 kcal, 550 mL) in mild-moderate malnutrition patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. A total of 40 adult patients with a Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) score of 5–10 were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, open-label study. Patients in the intervention group received IDPN using ENEFLUID® via the dialysis circuit 3 times a week for 12 weeks; those in the control group did not. The primary endpoint was change in serum transthyretin (TTR). The secondary endpoints were changes in nutritional laboratory tests, nutritional parameters, food intake, plasma amino acids, and blood glucose. For both groups, mean age (72.1±11.4 years) and BMI (20.3±3.0), and median NRI-JH score [7.0 (interquartile range, 6–8)], did not differ. One patient withdrew before intervention, leaving 20 intervention and 19 control patients. Mean (95% confidence interval) change in serum TTR (mg/dL) at 12 weeks did not differ between groups: Intervention, 1.0 (-1.1–3.2); Control, -0.3 (-2.4–1.9); Intragroup difference, 1.3 (-1.7–4.3); P = 0.41. The values reflecting protein intake at 12 weeks compared to those on the study initiation day increased in the intervention group [the changes of blood urea nitrogen, 9.4 (2.6–16.2) mg/dL; P = 0.007, and normalized protein catabolic rate, 0.10 (0.02–0.18) g/kg/day; P = 0.02]. Mean food protein intake (g/kg/day) at 12 weeks increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group, and differed between groups: Intervention, 0.12 (-0.03–0.28); Control, -0.18 (-0.43–0.08); Inter-group difference, 0.30 (0.00–0.60); P = 0.050. No adverse events occurred. In patients with mild to moderate malnutrition receiving ENEFLUID® for 12 weeks as IDPN, serum TTR was not improved, decreases in protein intake was mitigated, no adverse events occurred.

Trial registration Name of the registry: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials Registration number: jRCTs031220296.
Systematic evaluation of machine learning models for postoperative surgical site infection prediction
Authors: van Boekel Anna M. , van der Meijden Siri L. , Arbous Sesmu M. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Veldkamp Karin E. , Nieswaag Emma B. , Jochems Kim F. T. , Holtz Jeroen , Veenstra Annekee van IJlzinga , Reijman Jeroen , de Jong Ype , van Goor Harry , Wiewel Maryse A. , Schoones Jan W. , Geerts Bart F. , de Boer Mark G. J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to increased mortality and morbidity, as well as increased healthcare costs. Multiple models for the prediction of this serious surgical complication have been developed, with an increasing use of machine learning (ML) tools.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the performance as well as the methodological quality of validated ML models for the prediction of SSIs.

Methods

A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library was performed from inception until July 2023. Exclusion criteria were the absence of reported model validation, SSIs as part of a composite adverse outcome, and pediatric populations. ML performance measures were evaluated, and ML performances were compared to regression-based methods for studies that reported both methods. Risk of bias (ROB) of the studies was assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.

Results

Of the 4,377 studies screened, 24 were included in this review, describing 85 ML models. Most models were only internally validated (81%). The C-statistic was the most used performance measure (reported in 96% of the studies) and only two studies reported calibration metrics. A total of 116 different predictors were described, of which age, steroid use, sex, diabetes, and smoking were most frequently (100% to 75%) incorporated. Thirteen studies compared ML models to regression-based models and showed a similar performance of both modelling methods. For all included studies, the overall ROB was high or unclear.

Conclusions

A multitude of ML models for the prediction of SSIs are available, with large variability in performance. However, most models lacked external validation, performance was reported limitedly, and the risk of bias was high. In studies describing both ML models and regression-based models, one modelling method did not outperform the other.
Preparation and cell imaging of a nido-carborane fluorescent complex based on multi-component polymerization
Authors: Ouyang Hezhong , Wang Zhou , Liu Min
Published: December 2024

The biocompatibility of carborane was a difficult problem that had drawn a lot of study interest. Using multi-ion inlay binding, water-soluble polymers were created by encapsulating nido-carborane in diazaspirodecaniums such as para-poly-nido-carboanylazaspirodecanium [5,4] (p-PNC54), para-poly-nido-carboanylazaspirodecanium [6,5] (p-PNC65), meta-poly-nido-carboanylazaspirodecanium [5,4] (m-PNC54), and meta-poly-nido-carboanylazaspirodecanium [6,5] (m-PNC65). First, the active control 5-fluorouracil demonstrated strong activity against HeLa and HCT-116 cells but minimal cytotoxicity at 19.22±2.85 μM and 21.47±5.99 μM, respectively. Second, the four carborane polymers that specifically penetrated the cells were imaged using HeLa cells. TEM was used to assess the dynamic self-assembling effect of these water-soluble polymers in order to gain a better understanding of their internal microphenomenon. All four derivatives’ combined impacts on self-assembly in water were identified. Different degrees of selective entrance into targeted cells under different architectures were discovered by in vitro cell imaging.
Disulfidptosis-related gene in acute myocardial infarction and immune microenvironment analysis: A bioinformatics analysis and validation
Authors: Huang Nan , Liu Chan , Liu Zheng , Lei Haibo
Published: December 2024

Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered method of cell death. However, no studies have fully elucidated the role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DSRGs) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The potential role of DSRGs in AMI was analyzed through a comprehensive bioinformatics approach. Finally, hub genes were verified in vitro by qPCR. Sixteen DE-DSRGs were in the AMI. Thereafter, seven hub genes were determined by machine learning algorithms, which had potential diagnostic value in AMI. The risk model showed a robust diagnostic value (area under curve, AUC = 0.940). Prognostic analysis revealed the potential prognostic value of INF2 and CD2AP. Immune landscape analysis showed that hub genes were closely related to the immune microenvironment. By predictive analysis, we obtained four miRNAs, thirteen small molecule drugs, and five TFs closely related to hub genes. Experimental verification revealed that Slc3a2 and Inf2 were significantly up-regulated and Dstn was significantly down-regulated in the hypoxic model. Our study demonstrated that DSRGs are disorderedly expressed in AMI and identified seven hub genes through machine learning. In addition, a diagnostic model was constructed based on hub genes, providing a new perspective for the early diagnosis of AMI.
HER2-low prevalence among Hispanic/Latino women with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mendivelso-González Daniel Felipe , Clavijo Cabezas Daniel , Montoya Luisa , Plazas Vargas Merideidy , López-Correa Patricia , Colón Eugenia , Parra-Medina Rafael
Published: December 2024

Purpose

HER2-low has garnered significant attention for the treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HER2-low expression in Hispanic/Latino women with breast cancer (BC).

Methods

We searched in Embase, LILACS, and Medline databases for articles reporting the expression of HER2 immunohistochemistry with scores reported as 0, 1+, 2+, or 3+, with equivocal cases (2+) confirmed through in situ hybridization (ISH).

Results

A total of 12 articles were finally included, comprising 73,467 individuals. The prevalence of HER2-zero, HER2-low and HER2 positive cases among all BC (0, 1+, 2+/ISH-, 2+/ISH+ and 3+), was 45.0%, 32.0%, and 23.0%, respectively. The prevalence of HER2-zero and HER2-low expression among negative cases (0, 1+ and 2+/ISH-), was 53.0% and 47.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

There is an important percentage of Hispanic/Latino individuals who would benefit from HER2-targeted therapies, even in HER2 negative cases. Additional research on the prevalence of HER2-low tumors across a wider range of Latin American countries is required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of this biomarker within the Hispanic/Latino population.
Analysis of influencing factors on review efficiency of multidisciplinary scientific research projects using DEMATEL with a 5-point scale
Authors: Li Junyi , Xiao Yana
Published: December 2024

In the wake of advancing technology and the convergence of diverse disciplines, collaborative research across academic sectors has become instrumental in fostering innovation and tackling multifaceted challenges. The inherent complexity of such multidisciplinary endeavors, characterized by a myriad of research trajectories and a spectrum of expertise, poses significant challenges to effective review. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the review efficiency of multidisciplinary scientific research projects to ensure their smooth development and improved quality. To address this challenge, we employ the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method with a 5-point scale. First, we introduce an indexing framework to systematically identify factors influencing the appraisal of multidisciplinary efforts. This framework is then complemented by expert-driven questionnaires, harnessing domain-specific insights to ascertain the significance and interconnectedness of these factors. Using the DEMATEL method, we distill the data to identify key influencing factors that enhance review efficiency for multidisciplinary projects. Our findings provide pragmatic strategies and policy guidance, equipping institutional bodies and program leads with tools to refine the review process of multidisciplinary scientific research projects.
PCB defect detection based on pseudo-inverse transformation and YOLOv5
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Maidin Siti Sarah , Batumalay Malathy
Published: December 2024

With the development of integrated circuit packaging technology, the layout of printed circuit boards has become complicated. Moreover, the traditional defect detection methods have been difficult to meet the requirements of high precision. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of low efficiency in defect detection of printed circuit boards, a defect detection method based on pseudo-inverse transform and improved YOLOv5 is proposed. Firstly, a defect image restoration model is constructed to improve image clarity. Secondly, Transformer is introduced to improve YOLOv5, and the batch normalization and network loss function are optimized. These methods improve the speed and accuracy of PCB defect detection. Experimental verification showed that the restoration speed of the image restoration model was 37.60%-42.38% higher than other methods. Compared with other models, the proposed PCB defect detection model had an average increase of 10.90% in recall and 12.87% in average detection accuracy. The average detection accuracy of six types of defects in the self-made PCB data set was over 98.52%, and the average detection accuracy was as high as 99.1%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the quality of image processing and optimize YOLOv5 to improve the accuracy of detecting defects in printed circuit boards. This method is demonstrably more effective than existing technology, offering significant value and potential for application in industrial contexts. Its promotion could facilitate the advancement of industrial automation manufacturing.
Low thoracic skeletal mass index, a novel marker to predict recurrence of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly stroke patients
Authors: Gil Bo Mi , Im Sun , Hong Yu Jin , Kang Hye Seon
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We investigated whether thoracic skeletal muscle mass index at the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a predictor for AP recurrence and explored predicting factors for AP recurrence in patients with stroke.

Patients and methods

This study retrospectively reviewed data of patients with AP who were diagnosed with stroke and who had full medical follow-up data from January 2014 to July 2020 in the Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital. AP was defined based on clinical signs and/or symptoms suggestive of pneumonia and radiologic findings of pneumonic infiltrations in the dependent portions of the lung. We measured thoracic muscle volume using the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the erector spinae muscle (ESMCSA, cm2) at the 12th vertebral region. Computed tomography scans at the time of AP diagnosis during the acute stroke period were used for analysis and respective CSAs were divided by height squared (m2) to yield the muscle index at T12 (T12MI, cm2/m2) to normalize for stature. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate relationships between clinical parameters and AP recurrence.

Results

During the study period, a total of 268 stroke patients with dysphagia who developed AP were analyzed. The mean T12MI of patients with and without recurrence of AP was 622.3±184.1 cm2/m2 and 708.1±229.9 cm2/m2, respectively (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower T12MI (P = 0.038) and older age (P = 0.007) were independent predictors of AP recurrence in patients with stroke and dysphagia.

Conclusion

Low thoracic muscle index at the diagnosis of initial AP after stroke can predict subsequence AP recurrence.
Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac output induced by liver compression in healthy anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs
Authors: Seo Daeyun , Lim Seongsoo , Namgoong Beomkwan , Uhm Heesung , Hong Hyeajeong , Lee Nanju , Kim Isong , Heo Seunghun , Kang Ji Hwan , Kim Cheyoun , Shin Hayoung , Her Jiwoong , Kim Min Su
Published: December 2024

Objective

Liver compression (LC) has been proposed to predict fluid responsiveness in human pediatric patients. Because the evaluation of fluid responsiveness through LC depends on the mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), understanding the impact of LC on IAP, cardiac output (CO), and respiratory parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LC on these parameters.

Methods

The present study used six healthy beagles. All dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously in dorsal recumbency. After instrumentation, LC was performed at four different pressures in a sequential, non-randomized manner: (1) 10 mmHg, approximately half of the minimum value within the range; (2) 22 mmHg, a commonly used pressure within the range; (3) 44 mmHg, twice the pressure of the minimum value within the range; and (4) 60 mmHg, twice the pressure of the maximum value within the range. At each pressure, CO via transthoracic echocardiography, IAP, and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured before, during, and after LC.

Results

Overall, our results showed that the IAP was significantly increased at all pressures during LC (P < 0.001), yielding a linear correlation between LC pressure and IAP (P < 0.001; r² = 0.89). The maximum IAP during LC was 7 mmHg, and intra-abdominal hypertension was not induced. LC at 22 mmHg significantly increased the IAP by 1.7 mmHg, but did not significantly alter the CO or respiratory parameters.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate the effects of LC on IAP, CO, and respiratory parameters in healthy, anesthetized, and spontaneously breathing dogs. Our findings indicate that applying LC with a commonly used pressure may have a low risk of inducing intra-abdominal hypertension and related complications. Further studies are required to explore the use of LC in various clinical settings.
Presence-absence surveys yield spatially imprecise information about nesting sites of an endangered, forest-nesting seabird
Authors: Valente Jonathon J. , Adrean Lindsay J. , Nelson S. Kim , Betts Matthew G. , Roby Daniel D. , Rivers James W.
Published: December 2024

Presence-absence surveys are frequently used to monitor populations of rare and elusive species. Such data may also be used as a proxy for breeding activity, but links between presence-absence data and higher-order processes must be validated to determine their reliability. The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a threatened seabird that nests in older-aged forests along the Pacific Coast. Its nests are exceptionally difficult to find, so we tested whether presence-absence surveys can help identify nesting sites. Between 2018 and 2022 we located 17 trees containing active murrelet nests in the Oregon Coast Range (USA) and 38 trees that purportedly contained no active nests (26 in occupied murrelet stands and 12 in unoccupied stands). Observers surveyed within 200 m of focal trees using standard presence-absence surveys, and we modeled the effects of site status (active nest or control) and distance from the focal tree on probability of recording murrelets. We never detected murrelets in unoccupied control sites. We found some evidence that the probability of recording presence was higher at active nesting sites (0.81, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.88) than at occupied control sites (0.71, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.78) although a null model had similar support. The probability of recording murrelet breeding behaviors in nesting and occupied control sites was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.27) regardless of distance to a known active nest. These results suggest that presence-absence surveys may be useful for identifying plausible murrelet nesting habitat, but they are ineffective for identifying active nesting sites. Moreover, we estimated that 20 repeated surveys at a point in space are required to reasonably conclude there are no active nesting sites within 200 m. These findings serve as an important reminder of the limitations that can come with relying on presence-absence data alone to identify breeding sites.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 enhances the chondrogenesis of trunk neural crest cells: a possible gene regulatory network
Authors: Josino Raphaella , Bispo Saloe , Bonilauri Bernardo , Dallagiovanna Bruno , Calloni Giordano Wosgrau
Published: December 2024

The neural crest (NC) is an embryonic cell population with high migratory capacity. It contributes to forming several organs and tissues, such as the craniofacial skeleton and the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. Both pre-migratory and post-migratory NC cells are plastic, adopting multiple differentiation paths by responding to different inductive environmental signals. Cephalic neural crest cells (CNCCs) give rise to most of the cartilage and bone tissues in the head. On the other hand, the mesenchymal potential of trunk neural crest cells (TNCCs) is sparsely detected in some animal groups. The mesenchymal potential of TNCCs can be unveiled through specific environmental conditions of NC cultures. In this study, we present evidence that FGF8 treatment can foster increased chondrogenic differentiation of TNCCs, particularly during treatment at the migratory stage. Additionally, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of TNCCs in the post-migratory stage, noting that exogenous FGF8 signaling can sustain multipotent status and, possibly, at the same time, a pro-cartilage regulatory gene network. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying chondrogenic differentiation from TNCCs.
Texto, Signo e Mediação
Authors: Da Costa Espada Francisco
Published: December 2024

A noção de Medium sugere um movimento de ligação direcional entre dois polos que se querem relacionados. O mesmo movimento se procura neste artigo, traçando-se um itinerário que vai do fenómeno textual à sua composição sígnica, para que nos seja possível retornar ao Texto conscientes da respetiva estrutura constituinte. Reconhecendo os limites da proposta linguística face ao Texto Concreto, a direção será traçada pela sua compreensão semiótica, atentando na unidade mínima que constitui a remediação textual, a saber: o signo. De Charles Sanders Peirce a Max Bense, o percurso fundamenta a proposta concretista a partir da análise semiótica das reconfigurações mediais da tessitura sígnica.
Tras sus pasos: la experiencia escolar infantil en la ficción
Authors: Leñero Llaca Martha Isabel
Published: December 2024

¿En qué medida la ficción narrativa brinda materiales para pensar la escuela? Esta pregunta es la que nos lleva revisar once cuentos escritos entre 1928 y 1976, reunidos en la antología titulada El aula y sus muros. La importancia de esta antología, realizada por la escritora Alicia Molina, consiste en reunir muestras de un solo género literario que brindan una visión completa o total de un día o un instante propiamente escolar, a diferencia de otras compilaciones que recurren a fragmentos o géneros diversos en los que el acto narrativo queda suspendido o trunco. Se trata de 11 cuentos cuyos autores y autoras provienen de México, Barcelona, Buenos Aires y Perú y cuyos años de nacimiento abarcan de finales del siglo xix hasta los años 40 del xx, y si bien hacen «la denuncia implacable del sistema educativo», como afirma la compiladora, también nos llevan a observar cómo se vive, rememora y se moldea la experiencia de hallarse en la escuela.
Consórcio da Amazônia Legal e a dimensão internacional das políticas públicas para mudanças climáticas
Authors: Hedlund Jardim Natália
Published: December 2024

À luz da literatura de difusão e da perspectiva institucionalista, o presente estudo se concentra na análise da atuação do Consórcio da Amazônia Legal nas Conferências das Partes da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima, bem como no exame do seu Plano de Recuperação Verde (PRV), concebido como um projeto de desenvolvimento regional vinculado a uma estratégia de alinhamento internacional. Tem-se como objetivo investigar que forma a participação do Consórcio nas Conferências das Partes contribuiu para o desenvolvimento e a implementação local de políticas públicas voltadas ao enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas no território amazônico, com ênfase no Programa de Regularização Verde (PRV).
A PESQUISA NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: ANÁLISE DAS PUBLICAÇÕES NA REVISTA DE ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA DE 2011 A 2020
Authors: Vieira Tatiane Nunes Loiola , Gusmão Adriana David Ferreira
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo apresenta o resultado de uma revisão bibliográfica, metodologicamente estruturada como uma revisão sistemática de literatura, que se encarregou de analisar as discussões sobre o uso da Pesquisa no Ensino de Geografia publicadas no recorte temporal de 2011 a 2020. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, um protocolo prévio foi definido e seguido e, com isso, foi possível eleger a Revista de Ensino de Geografia, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, como base de dados para busca e seleção dos estudos. Os trabalhos publicados nesta revista referentes ao uso da pesquisa no ensino de Geografia totalizam 07 estudos de abordagem qualitativa, sendo 05 artigos científicos e 02 relatos de experiência e prática. As informações obtidas nos textos publicados na referida revista foram sistematizadas, sobretudo, a partir da identificação de aspectos convergentes no campo temático em discussão. Com isso, foi possível verificar as concepções de pesquisa nas quais os estudos se fundamentam e, também, destacar a abordagem das experiências vividas pelos autores, os quais apresentam situações-problema presentes no ensino de Geografia, ora na educação básica, ora na educação superior, acompanhadas de proposições que indicam o uso da pesquisa no ensino de Geografia ou na formação do professor desse componente curricular. Desse modo, concluiu-se que as discussões sobre o recorte temático, de modo geral, direcionam para a necessidade de formação do professor de Geografia como pesquisador, na perspectiva de que a pesquisa deve fazer parte da formação e atuação do professor de Geografia.