bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Perceived Barriers on Patient Engagement and Attitudes towards Transition and Transfer
Authors: Drovetta Megan , Cramer Emily , Linafelter Alaina , Sevart Jordan , Maddux Michele
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study is a preliminary evaluation of how perceived barriers towards transition might impact patient attitudes towards their own readiness and ability to transition, self-efficacy towards their IBD, and the allocation of treatment responsibility. Methods: A sample of 81 young adults with IBD were seen for standard care in a Young Adult Clinic (YAC). Patients completed questionnaires on perceived transition barriers; perceived confidence, importance, motivation, and readiness towards transition and transfer; IBD self-efficacy; and allocation of treatment responsibility. Path model analyses were conducted. Results: Not knowing how and who to transfer to and not understanding insurance details were the most commonly endorsed perceived barriers to transition. A significant relationship was found between the attitude toward transition and allocation of treatment responsibility, but no meaningful indirect effects were found from perceived barriers to the allocation of treatment responsibility, using attitudes toward transition as an intervening variable. The relationship between perceived barriers and allocation of treatment responsibility was at least partially explained by examining the intervening effects of attitudes toward transfer and self-efficacy. Conclusions: The study findings carry important implications for targets of clinical intervention to assist young adults with IBD in engaging in their health care and ultimately transferring into adult care.
Laparoscopic Assisted Percutaneous Anterior Gastropexy for the Management of Acute and Chronic Gastric Volvulus in Infants
Authors: Iacona Roberta Valentina , Grasso Francesco , Grimaldi Silvia Antonia , Lebet Massimo , Cacciaguerra Sebastiano
Published: August 2022

Acute and chronic gastric volvulus (ACGV) is a rare event in infants and children. Its prompt treatment is needed to avoid gastric ischemia and perforation. A laparotomy or a laparoscopic/endoscopic reduction with or without the gastrostomy formation has been described to treat this condition. We wanted to report our experience and describe the surgical technique used to perform the percutaneous laparoscopic assisted anterior gastropexy in neonates presenting with this condition. We perform a retrospective review of a single institution’s experience with laparoscopic assisted percutaneous anterior gastropexy over a seven-year period (2015–2022). Procedures were performed under general anesthesia and the anterior gastropexy was performed using a modified extracorporeal knotting technique as described for the laparoscopic assisted repair of inguinal hernias via percutaneous internal ring suturing. Thirteen patients underwent surgery for ACGV at our institution over a seven-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 57 days, 7/13 patients presented with acute vomiting and regurgitation (54%), 1/13 (8%) presented with mainly feeding difficulties and 1/13 (8%) presented with acute abdominal distension. Data were not available for 4/13 patients. All of the patients underwent laparoscopic assisted anterior gastropexy using extracorporeal knotting technique; no gastrostomy insertion was needed. The median operative time was 50 min (40–95 min). No intraoperative complications were reported. Post-operatively patients were started on feeds on day 3 (2–5 days). Only one patient (8%) developed a postoperative complication: subcutaneous granuloma at the extracorporeal knot site. Although rare, acute GV is an important cause of gastric outlet obstruction with a detrimental outcome if not promptly recognized and treated. Laparoscopic assisted percutaneous anterior gastropexy is an attractive and safe alternative for the management of this condition in both infants and older children. This technique does not require gastrostomy placement and it has a very low morbidity rate with no mortality reported.
The Oxidation Process and Methods for Improving Reactivity of Al
Authors: Wang Deqi , Xu Guozhen , Tan Tianyu , Liu Shishuo , Dong Wei , Li Fengsheng , Liu Jie
Published: August 2022

Aluminum (Al) has been widely used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) and solid propellants. Its typical core-shell structure (the inside active Al core and the external alumina (Al2O3) shell) determines its oxidation process, which is mainly influenced by oxidant diffusion, Al2O3 crystal transformation and melt-dispersion of the inside active Al. Consequently, the properties of Al can be controlled by changing these factors. Metastable intermixed composites (MICs), flake Al and nano Al can improve the properties of Al by increasing the diffusion efficiency of the oxidant. Fluorine, Titanium carbide (TiC), and alloy can crack the Al2O3 shell to improve the properties of Al. Furthermore, those materials with good thermal conductivity can increase the heat transferred to the internal active Al, which can also improve the reactivity of Al. Now, the integration of different modification methods is employed to further improve the properties of Al. With the ever-increasing demands on the performance of MEMS, PBXs and solid propellants, Al-based composite materials with high stability during storage and transportation, and high reactivity for usage will become a new research focus in the future.
Reproductive Mode of Corbicula tobae (Martens, 1900): Brooding and Larval Morphology in Lake Toba (Indonesia)
Authors: Kropotin Alexander V. , Bespalaya Yulia V. , Aksenova Olga V. , Bolotov Ivan N.
Published: August 2022

Currently, the reproductive mode of the Indonesian endemic species Corbicula tobae from Lake Toba is yet to be investigated. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the reproductive mode of this endemic species based on a series of topotype specimens, combining anatomical and histological data. According to our data, C. tobae is a dioecious species, incubating D-shaped larvae in the inner demibranchs and having monoflagellate sperm. The head of the C. tobae spermatozoon differs from those of other Indonesian species of Corbicula by having the smallest length. A histological investigation of C. tobae gills revealed that the inner demibranch has larger interlamellar spaces compared with the outer demibranches. Our study highlights several specific reproductive traits may have evolved in narrowly endemic Corbicula clams within their native ranges.
Ecology and Biology of the Rare Endemic Land Leech Xerobdella anulata (Xerobdellidae)
Authors: Brigić Andreja , Medak Kristian , Rebrina Fran , Jelić Mišel , Alegro Antun , Kerovec Mladen
Published: August 2022

The genus Xerobdella contains three species of land leeches confined to the Palearctic region, one of which is X. anulata (Autrum, 1958), an exceptionally rare endemic of the Dinaric Alps. In the current study, we provide new data and a literature overview on this rarely encountered species, presenting its currently known distribution, providing additional data on its morphology and, for the first time, presenting comprehensive data on its habitat preferences and seasonal dynamics. Additionally, we provide novel DNA barcodes for the Dinaric land leech and compare the obtained sequences with the related X. lecomtei. Altogether, 22 specimens of X. anulata were collected using pitfall traps in three habitat types: managed forests with adjacent meadows and a primeval forest in the Dinaric Alps of Croatia. We report the first finding of X. anulata in open habitats, which harbored most of the specimens. Our findings show that X. anulata exhibits surface activity, highlighting the effectiveness of pitfall traps in sampling such elusive taxa, with perspectives for future morphological, phenological and even molecular research.
Innovative Overview of SWRC Application in Modeling Geotechnical Engineering Problems
Authors: Onyelowe Kennedy C. , Mojtahedi Farid Fazel , Azizi Sadra , Mahdi Hisham A. , Sujatha Evangelin Ramani , Ebid Ahmed M. , Darzi Ali Golaghaei , Aneke Frank I.
Published: August 2022

The soil water retention curve (SWRC) or soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a fundamental feature of unsaturated soil that simply shows the relationship between soil suction and water content (in terms of the degree of saturation and volumetric or gravimetric water content). In this study, the applications of the SWRC or SWCC have been extensively reviewed, taking about 403 previously published research studies into consideration. This was achieved on the basis of classification-based problems and application-based problems, which solve the widest array of geotechnical engineering problems relevant to and correlating with SWRC geo-structural behavior. At the end of the exercises, the SWRC geo-structural problem-solving scope, as covered in the theoretical framework, showed that soil type, soil parameter, measuring test, predictive technique, slope stability, bearing capacity, settlement, and seepage-based problems have been efficiently solved by proffering constitutive and artificial intelligence solutions to earthwork infrastructure; and identified matric suction as the most influential parameter. Finally, a summary of these research findings and key challenges and opportunities for future tentative research topics is proposed.
An Enhanced Phase Change Material Composite for Electrical Vehicle Thermal Management
Authors: Behi Hamidreza , Karimi Danial , Behi Mohammadreza , Nargesi Niloufar , Aminian Morteza , Ghanbarpour Ali , Mirmohseni Farid , Van Mierlo Joeri , Berecibar Maitane
Published: August 2022

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells are influenced by high energy, reliability, and robustness. However, they produce a noticeable amount of heat during the charging and discharging process. This paper presents an optimal thermal management system (TMS) using a phase change material (PCM) and PCM-graphite for a cylindrical Li-ion battery module. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature of the module under natural convection, PCM, and PCM-graphite cooling methods reached 64.38, 40.4, and 39 °C, respectively. It was found that the temperature of the module using PCM and PCM-graphite reduced by 38% and 40%, respectively. The temperature uniformity increased by 60% and 96% using the PCM and PCM-graphite. Moreover, some numerical simulations were solved using COMSOL Multiphysics® for the battery module.
Underlying Mechanisms of Transit-Oriented Development: A Conceptual System Dynamics Model in Qatar
Authors: AlKhereibi Aya Hasan , Onat Nuri , Furlan Raffaello , Grosvald Michael , Awwaad Reem Youssef
Published: August 2022

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is an urban planning approach that facilitates the achievement of sustainable development goals from an urban planning and transportation perspective. Developed countries are moving rapidly to integrate TOD principles into the urban fabric. On the other hand, developing countries face challenges in attempting to implement TOD and introduce new transportation modes. The present research study analyzes the concept of TOD from a systematic perspective, providing an in-depth analysis of the interrelation of the three subsystems of TOD: sustainable transportation, built environment, and socio-economic development. The authors posit that the appropriate application of TOD requires not only that one evaluate the existing conditions of the urban fabric, but also that one assess the typical causality characteristics of the TOD index, as well as investigate the dynamicity of these interacting factors as they change over time. This approach should allow policymakers to better understand the interrelations among the built environment, transportation, and socio-economic aspects of TOD, ultimately enabling them to provide appropriate and focused policies. In this research study, a conceptual system dynamics model for TOD is developed, taking into consideration the needs of a sustainable built environment, a sustainable transportation system, and a sustainable economy. The main findings therefore relate causality effects among multiple variables, including transportation, urban and socio-economic subsystems. The model developed in this study was developed in the State of Qatar, a small country in the Arabian Gulf, but has broader implications as it could be implemented in other countries with conditions similar to those prevailing in Qatar.
FPGA-Based Implementation and Synchronization Design of a New Five-Dimensional Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Wang Ya , Li Xinyu , Li Xiaodong , Guang Yerui , Wu Yanan , Ding Qun
Published: August 2022

Considering the security of a communication system, designing a high-dimensional complex chaotic system suitable for chaotic synchronization has become a key problem in chaotic secure communication. In this paper, a new 5-D hyperchaotic system with high order nonlinear terms was constructed and proved to be hyperchaotic by dynamical characterization characteristics, the maximum Lyapunov exponent was close to 2, and there was a better permutation entropy index, while a valid chaotic sequence could be generated in three cycles in the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based implementation. A multivariable nonlinear feedback synchronous controller based on FPGA was proposed to design and implement synchronization of high order complex hyperchaotic systems. The results show that the error signal converged to 0 rapidly under the effect of the nonlinear feedback synchronous controller. This lays the foundation for the synchronization of high order complex chaotic systems.
Multiscale Hybrid Convolutional Deep Neural Networks with Channel Attention
Authors: Yang Hua , Yang Ming , He Bitao , Qin Tao , Yang Jing
Published: August 2022

Attention mechanisms can improve the performance of neural networks, but the recent attention networks bring a greater computational overhead while improving network performance. How to maintain model performance while reducing complexity is a hot research topic. In this paper, a lightweight Mixture Attention (MA) module is proposed to improve network performance and reduce the complexity of the model. Firstly, the MA module uses multi-branch architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Secondly, in order to reduce the number of parameters, each branch uses group convolution independently, and the feature maps extracted by different branches are fused along the channel dimension. Finally, the fused feature maps are processed using the channel attention module to extract statistical information on the channels. The proposed method is efficient yet effective, e.g., the network parameters and computational cost are reduced by 9.86% and 7.83%, respectively, and the Top-1 performance is improved by 1.99% compared with ResNet50. Experimental results on common-used benchmarks, including CIFAR-10 for classification and PASCAL-VOC for object detection, demonstrate that the proposed MA outperforms the current SOTA methods significantly by achieving higher accuracy while having lower model complexity.
Model Checking Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic Based on Fuzzy Decision Processes with Cost
Authors: Ma Zhanyou , Li Zhaokai , Li Weijun , Gao Yingnan , Li Xia
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems in fuzzy computation tree logic model checking with cost operator, we propose a fuzzy decision process computation tree logic model checking method with cost. Firstly, we introduce a fuzzy decision process model with cost, which can not only describe the uncertain choice and transition possibility of systems, but also quantitatively describe the cost of the systems. Secondly, under the model of the fuzzy decision process with cost, we give the syntax and semantics of the fuzzy computation tree logic with cost operators. Thirdly, we study the problem of computation tree logic model checking for fuzzy decision process with cost, and give its matrix calculation method and algorithm. We use the example of medical expert systems to illustrate the method and model checking algorithm.
In-Service and Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge about the Particulate Nature of Matter
Authors: Buma Anastasia , Sibanda Doras
Published: August 2022

The particulate nature of matter is a fundamental concept in science that students in lower grades find difficult to understand. Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has been identified as germane for addressing difficult topics and it enhances effective learning. The purpose of this study was to capture the quality of the enacted PCK that practising and pre-service teachers activate during planning. Data were collected through a validated PCK questionnaire which was completed by both practising and pre-service teachers. A rubric was used to code their responses. A Rasch analysis model was used to analyse the five components of the topic-specific PCK construct. Data from an item analysis show that pre-service teachers found the test items to be less difficult than did the practising teachers. We found that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of teachers in terms of knowledge activated during planning. These findings show that, in transforming the topic content and concepts of the particulate nature of matter, the pre-service teachers integrated more components of enacted PCK compared to practising teachers. Discussions around the curriculum for both groups of teachers might provide insight into the design of future teacher development programmes.
A Theory of Impacts Model for Assessing Computer Science Interventions through an Equity Lens: Identifying Systemic Impacts Using the CAPE Framework
Authors: McGill Monica M. , Snow Eric , Camping April
Published: August 2022

With more recognition being given to the diverse and changing demographics in education, there is a need to understand how well computer science education is meeting the needs of all learners as it starts to infiltrate K-12 schools. The CAPE framework is a newer model for assessing the equitable delivery of computer science education and can be used to understand a school’s capacity to offer equitable computer science (CS) education, equitable student access to CS education, equitable student participation in CS, and equitable experiences of students taking CS. Since the CAPE framework is a new way to research CS education through an equity-lens, there are few, if any, frameworks that can be leveraged to explore research questions in a complex, multi-school intervention. To address this gap, we used a design-based research approach to create and determine the feasibility of a new model, Theory of Impacts, informed by the CAPE framework (the ToI-CAPE model), for evaluating a multi-school intervention. In this article, we provide a detailed explanation of creating and using the ToI-CAPE model for a specific intervention and the feasibility of using ToI-CAPE across factors based in experiences and how to use this model in other research and evaluation projects. Overall, the use of the ToI-CAPE model can be used to shed light on the critical subcomponents and agents at work in the intervention and the actions necessary across these components and agents to support intended outcomes.
Overcoming Essentialism? Students’ Reflections on Learning Intercultural Communication Online
Authors: Kokkonen Lotta , Jager Romée , Frame Alexander , Raappana Mitra
Published: August 2022

The fields of intercultural communication (IC) and intercultural education are in flux and the paradigmatic shift is away from essentialist approaches on culture and interculturality towards seeing IC and interculturality as flexible, fluid, contradictory, political, and ideological constructs. This study presents a virtual exchange project, a joint introductory course on IC between a Finnish university and a French university. One of the objectives of the course was to provide students with a more critical, non-essentialist perspective on interculturality. This study presents an analysis of 32 students’ texts (learning logs) that are processed qualitatively using content analysis to find answers to questions of (1) how students make sense of their experience of learning IC through multilingual online interactions, and (2) how different approaches on culture and interculturality are reflected in students’ leaning logs. The learning logs are written by participants during their six-week learning experience. The findings indicate that students gained confidence in interacting with people from diverse backgrounds and using multiple languages. How students reacted to and reflected on the more critical perspective on interculturality varied greatly, with many learning logs seeming to juggle between different approaches. The online environment was considered a major source of concern prior and at the beginning of the course, but as the course progressed it did not represent a barrier within the documented experiences. Our analysis aims to help teachers of IC to better address the needs of different learners. We also discuss the challenges and possibilities of a multilingual intercultural virtual exchange with a view to creating safe and motivating spaces for teaching and learning about interculturality.
Novel AoD Estimation Algorithms for WSSUS and Non-WSSUS V2V Channel Modeling
Authors: Zhou Beiping , Chen Ting , Zhao Yongfeng , Xu Gandong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose efficient computational solutions for estimating the statistical properties of wide-sense stationary un-correlative scattering (WSSUS) and non-WSSUS multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel models. Specifically, in the WSSUS channel models, we first estimate the angle of departure (AoD) for the non-line of sight (NLoS) propagation components. In this manner, the complex channel impulse response (CIR), which are widely used in the existing literature to characterize the wireless channel physical properties, can be estimated on the basis of the estimated AoD and defined model parameters. Conversely, in the non-WSSUS channel models, by estimating the AoD in the initial stage, the real-time complex CIR of the V2V channel model can be estimated on the basis of the estimated AoD and the moving time/velocities/directions of the mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR). In the estimation process of the aforementioned cases, we introduce different solutions to convert the CIRs from the complex domain to the real-value domain, thereby optimizing the computational efficiency for investigating channel characteristics as compared to existing methods. Numerical results of the WSSUS and non-WSSUS MIMO V2V channel characteristics, such as the spatial-temporal (ST) cross-correlation functions (CCFs) and auto-correlation functions (ACFs), are estimated on the basis of the estimated complex CIRs. These results are in agreements with theoretical ones, indicating that the proposed algorithms are practical for estimating the WSSUS and non-WSSUS MIMO V2V channel characteristics.
Real-Time Drift-Driving Control for an Autonomous Vehicle: Learning from Nonlinear Model Predictive Control via a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Lee Taekgyu , Seo Dongyoon , Lee Jinyoung , Kang Yeonsik
Published: August 2022

A drift-driving maneuver is a control technique used by an expert driver to control a vehicle along a sharply curved path or slippery road. This study develops a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method for the autonomous vehicle to perform a drift maneuver and generate the datasets necessary for training the deep neural network(DNN)-based drift controller. In general, the NMPC method is based on numerical optimization which is difficult to run in real-time. By replacing the previously designed NMPC method with the proposed DNN-based controller, we avoid the need for complex numerical optimization of the vehicle control, thereby reducing the computational load. The performance of the developed data-driven drift controller is verified through realistic simulations that included drift scenarios. Based on the results of the simulations, the DNN-based controller showed similar tracking performance to the original nonlinear model predictive controller; moreover, the DNN-based controller can demonstrate stable computation time, which is very important for the safety critical control objective such as drift maneuver.
Solar Heating with Flat-Plate Collectors in Residential Buildings: A Review
Authors: Silva Júnior Olinto Evaristo da , Lima João Alves de , Abrahão Raphael , Lima Mateus Henrique Alves de , Santos Júnior Edvaldo Pereira , Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira
Published: August 2022

The depletion of fossil energy reserves has intensified the interest in renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Solar water heating represents an environmentally clean technology, with an abundant, permanent, renewable energy source that does not pollute or harm the ecosystem. In this context, the objective of the work was to revisit the theme of residential solar heating in relation to the use of flat-plate solar collectors. This study combined bibliometrics techniques and a systematic literature review. The results indicated that by considering the period from 1993 to 2020, we could find several publications revealing that the interest in this subject still remains high and current. Themes related to water heating and ambient cooling showed consistency in the publications, while studies focused on integrating solar thermal energy with other chemical processes, such as distillation or desalination, indicated that significant research is required in this area.
Risk Analysis of HPEM Threats for Linear RF Channel with Pyramid Horn Antenna Based on System-Level SPICE Modeling
Authors: Du Chuanbao , Cui Zhitong , Mao Congguang , Tian Jin , Wu Wei , Chen Wei , Qiu Yang
Published: August 2022

High power electromagnetics (HPEMs) pose a potential threatening risk to the wireless communication system, especially according to the main coupling path of the RF front-end channel. SPICE modeling of the responses coupled on the RF channel is crucial for the EM risk assessment, which helps us learn more about how the pulse conducts on the RF channel. A simplified linear RF channel with pyramid horn antenna is taken as an example by the selection of the key electronic modules of the actual wireless system. This paper proposes a system-level SPICE circuit model for the simplified RF channel according to the hybrid methods of the antenna electromagnetic simulation and SPICE modeling of the RF circuit. The equivalent circuits of the horn antenna illuminated by HPEMs are established with the Vector Fitting method based on Thevenin and Norton theorems. The short current response as the excitation files for the SPICE models are obtained by the commercial electromagnetic simulation of the horn antenna illuminated by Multiple HPEM environments. Equivalent circuits of a micro-strip bandpass filter are also derived with π type circuit structure based on the measured admittance data. Then we analyze the HPEM risk faced by the RF channel by considering multiple HPEM environments. The norm theory is utilized to analyze the waveform characteristics from electric fields of HPEMs to the responses of the RF channel. The ratios of the responses versus electric field for each norm are computed and the EM risk degree is ranked based on those results. The results demonstrate that high power microwave is the highest threatening risk for the linear RF channel compared to the other two HPEMs such as ultra-wide band, high altitude electromagnetic pulse. Finally, the flowchart of EM risk assessment is presented based on a previous analysis, which will benefit the EMC design in engineering.
Virtual Synchronous Generator, a Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Sang Wenju , Guo Wenyong , Dai Shaotao , Tian Chenyu , Yu Suhang , Teng Yuping
Published: August 2022

Renewable energy sources (RESs) are generally connected to the grid through power electronic interfaces, which generate electrical power instantaneously with little inertia. With the increasing penetration of RESs, the grid will gradually develop into a low inertia and underdamped power system, which results in serious grid frequency stabilization problems. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is an emerging technology that mimics the operation characteristics of traditional synchronous generators (SGs). Virtual inertia and damping are therefore introduced, which help to stabilize grid frequency. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the VSG. The basic operation principle of VSG is introduced and analyzed in depth. The key issues related to VSG are summarized and discussed, including hardware configuration, software control strategies, energy supporting methods, and typical applications.
Comprehensive Measurement of the Coordinated Development of China’s Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Conservation
Authors: Lu Chenyu , Liu Xiaowan , Zhang Tong , Huang Ping , Tang Xianglong , Wang Yueju
Published: August 2022

Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have become the main energy source for economic development. However, fossil fuels have also been linked to serious environmental impacts. China has recently undergone rapid economic growth, but its development model demands large amounts of energy and causes severe pollution. Therefore, there has been a recent shift toward the development of coordinated strategies to achieve economic growth while minimizing energy consumption and preserving the environment. This study sought to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree between economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental conservation (i.e., the “3E” system) in China, thus establishing a basis to improve coordinated development and minimize regional differences. This study evaluated 30 Chinese provinces using mathematical models. Between 2000 and 2019, the coordinated development level of the components of the 3E system in China increased steadily but remained generally low. Clear spatial agglomeration was also identified at the provincial scale, with the highest values occurring on the east coast and lower values occurring in the west and middle provinces.
The Effect of Stand Structure on Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties in a Primary Beech Forest
Authors: Židó Ján , Šumichrast Ladislav , Kucbel Stanislav , Gömöryová Erika
Published: August 2022

The study investigates the links and interactions between soil properties, soil microorganisms and the structure of a primary beech forest. The study was performed in the reserve Havešová (Bukovské vrchy Mts., Slovakia). On 40 sampling plots, soil samples from the O-horizon and from the first 10 cm of the organo-mineral horizons were taken to analyze the physico-chemical and biological properties. Moreover, stand structural characteristics (volume of trees, additive stand density index, coefficient of homogeneity, tree influence potential, development stage indices, etc.) were measured and calculated. In general, we did not observe any strong effects of forest structure on the topsoil characteristics. The effect of stand structure was more reflected in the physico-chemical properties than in the biological attributes. We found that the P and K content in the forest floor increased at plots with a higher volume or density of trees per plot. Moreover, a positive correlation was found also between the K content and tree influence potential. The development stages expressed by the indexes based on the diameter structure were reflected especially by the soil reaction in the A-horizon. Within functional groups of microorganisms based on the Biolog assay, significant differences were found, especially in the utilization of D-cellobiose, which positively correlated with the presence of the optimum stage index. The effect of soil physico-chemical properties on biological indicators was more pronounced than the effect of stand structure.
A Novel Machine Learning Prediction Model for Aerosol Transport in Upper 17-Generations of the Human Respiratory Tract
Authors: Islam Mohammad S. , Husain Shahid , Mustafa Jawed , Gu Yuantong
Published: August 2022

The main challenge of the health risk assessment of the aerosol transport and deposition to the lower airways is the high computational cost. A standard large-scale airway model needs a week to a month of computational time in a high-performance computing system. Therefore, developing an innovative tool that accurately predicts transport behaviour and reduces computational time is essential. This study aims to develop a novel and innovative machine learning (ML) model to predict particle deposition to the lower airways. The first-ever study uses ML techniques to explore the pulmonary aerosol TD in a digital 17-generation airway model. The ML model uses the computational data for a 17-generation airway model and four standard ML regression models are used to save the computational cost. Random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) techniques are used to develop the ML models. The MLP regression model displays more accurate estimates than other ML models. Finally, a prediction model is developed, and the results are significantly closer to the measured values. The prediction model predicts the deposition efficiency (DE) for different particle sizes and flow rates. A comprehensive lobe-specific DE is also predicted for various flow rates. This first-ever aerosol transport prediction model can accurately predict the DE in different regions of the airways in a couple of minutes. This innovative approach and accurate prediction will improve the literature and knowledge of the field.
Design Technology and AI-Based Decision Making Model for Digital Twin Engineering
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina V.
Published: August 2022

This research considers the problem of digital twin engineering in organizational and technical systems. The theoretical and methodological basis is a fundamental scientific work in the field of digital twins engineering and applied models. We use methods of a system approach, statistical analysis, operational research and artificial intelligence. The study proposes a comprehensive technology (methodological approach) for digital twin design in order to accelerate its engineering. This technology consists of design steps, methods and models, and provides systems synthesis of digital twins for a complex system (object or process) operating under uncertainty and that is able to reconfigure in response to internal faults or environment changes and perform preventive maintenance. In the technology structure, we develop a simulation model using situational “what-if” analysis and based on fuzzy logic methods. We apply this technology to develop the digital twin prototype for a device at the creation life cycle stage in order to reduce the consequences of unpredicted and undesirable states. We study possible unforeseen problems and device faults during its further operation. The model identifies a situation as a combination of failure factors of the internal and external environment and provides an appropriate decision about actions with the device. The practical significance of the research is the developed decision support model, which is the basis for control systems to solve problems related to monitoring the current state of technical devices (instruments, equipment) and to support adequate decisions to eliminate their dysfunctions.
Determining the Role of Social Identity Attributes to the Protection of Users’ Privacy in Social Media
Authors: Vgena Katerina , Kitsiou Angeliki , Kalloniatis Christos , Gritzalis Stefanos
Published: August 2022

Drawing on digital identity theories, social software engineering theory (SSE), and the Privacy Safeguard (PriS) methodology, we examined the way that personal information uploaded on social media (SM) imposes privacy issues. Throughout a review on users’ self-representation on SM, we examined the impact of self-determination and self-disclosure on users’ privacy, and we identified the social attributes (SA) that cause privacy implications. This paper specifies 18 SA that users employ to achieve their optimal level of representation while summarizing possible ways that these attributes provoke users’ identification. In particular, our research has shown that SM users represent their personas by unveiling SA to construct popular, representative, and conversational profiles. As disclosing SA increases privacy implications, we intend to help users build profiles that respect their privacy. Examining users’ SA deepens our understanding of disclosing personal information on SM while leading to a better quantification of identity attributes; furthermore, users’ top five most revealing attributes were summarized. Considering that SSE addresses users’ privacy implications from an early stage of systems designing, our research, identifying the SA, will be helpful in addressing privacy from a socio-technical aspect, aiming at bridging the socio-technical gap by drawing designers’ attention to users’ social aspects.
Correction: Hanes et al. Preceding Fall Drought Conditions and Overwinter Precipitation Effects on Spring Wildland Fire Activity in Canada. Fire 2020, 3, 24
Authors: Hanes Chelene , Wotton Mike , Woolford Douglas G. , Martell David L. , Flannigan Mike
Published: August 2022

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and Its Farming Environment in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Ya Li , Fei Si Ying , Wang Tian Wei , Liu Xue Ting , Gao Xiao Nin , Wu Hao Tian , Hu Kun
Published: August 2022

Most polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the human body are acquired from dietary intake. The chronic exposure of humans to PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs is a major health concern, and these compounds are strictly controlled in many areas. This study measured the levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms in Shanghai and determined potential sources. The mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in the studied crab samples were 264.20 ± 260.14 and 506.25 ± 226.80 pg/g ww (wet weight), respectively. The range of the toxic equivalent (TEQ) for the total PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in the crab samples was 1.20–29.04 pg TEQ/g ww. Further analysis revealed that the TEQ input to crabs in aquacultural water was 1.6 times higher than the TEQ in edible crab parts. Aquatic plants, shore plants, and feed contributed about 0.05% of the total TEQ input to crabs. The TEQ contribution from sediment was 317 times that found in edible crab parts, and sediment may be the most prevalent source of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in farm crabs. The evaluation of the Shanghai market crab revealed different levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. The TEQs for the mean PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels were 1.55 ± 1.96 and 1.05 ± 0.55 pg TEQ/g ww, respectively. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels of adults and children were lower than the prescribed range (1–4 pg TEQ/kg (weight)·d), indicating no significant chronic or acute ingestion risk for adults and children.
Juglone Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 by Targeting Cell Membrane and Protein
Authors: Cai Yingying , Zou Guangming , Xi Meihua , Hou Yujie , Shen Heyu , Ao Jingfang , Li Mei , Wang Jun , Luo Anwei
Published: August 2022

Foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes is a major global food safety problem. A potential solution is the antimicrobial development of the highly bioactive natural product juglone, yet few studies exist on its antibacterial mechanism against L. monocytogenes. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of action of juglone against L. monocytogenes by determining the resultant cell morphology, membrane permeability, membrane integrity, and proteome changes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of juglone against L. monocytogenes was 50 μg/mL, and L. monocytogenes treated with juglone had longer lag phases compared to controls. Juglone induced L. monocytogenes cell dysfunction, leakage of potassium ions, and membrane potential hyperpolarization. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field-emission-gun scanning electron microscope assays revealed clear membrane damage due to juglone treatment. Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that L. monocytogenes responded to juglone by some conformational and compositional changes in the molecular makeup of the cell membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that juglone either destroyed proteins or inhibited proteins synthesis in L. monocytogenes. Therefore, our findings established juglone as a natural antibacterial agent with potential to control foodborne L. monocytogenes infections.
Soybean-Oil-Body-Substituted Low-Fat Ice Cream with Different Homogenization Pressure, Pasteurization Condition, and Process Sequence: Physicochemical Properties, Texture, and Storage Stability
Authors: Wang Wan , Li Jinzhe , Wang Min , Gu Liya , Liu Zhijing , Xu Cong , Ma Jiage , Jiang Lianzhou , Jiang Zhanmei , Hou Juncai
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research was to explore the impacts of different homogenization pressures, pasteurization conditions, and process sequence on the physical and chemical properties of soybean oil body (SOB)-substituted low-fat ice cream as well as the storage stability of SOB-substituted ice cream under these process parameters. With the increase of homogenization pressure (10–30 MPa), the increase of pasteurization temperature (65 °C for 30 min–85 °C for 15 min), and the addition of SOB before homogenization, the overrun and apparent viscosity of ice cream increased significantly, and the particle size, hardness, and melting rate decreased significantly. Thus, frozen dairy products of desired quality and condition could be obtained by optimizing process parameters. In addition, the SOB ice cream showed better storage stability, which was reflected in lower melting rate and hardness and more stable microstructure compared with the full-milk-fat ice cream. This study opened up new ideas for the application of SOB and the development of nutritious and healthy ice cream. Meanwhile, this research supplied a conceptual basis for the processing and quality optimization of SOB ice cream.
Extrusion Improves the Antihypertensive Potential of a Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Protein Hydrolysate
Authors: Chávez-Ontiveros Jeanett , Reyes-Moreno Cuauhtémoc , Ramírez-Torres Giovanni Isaí , Figueroa-Salcido Oscar Gerardo , Arámburo-Gálvez Jesús Gilberto , Montoya-Rodríguez Alvaro , Ontiveros Noé , Cuevas-Rodríguez Edith Oliva
Published: August 2022

Chickpea hydrolysates could have antihypertensive potential, but there are no evaluations in vivo. Thus, the antihypertensive potential of a chickpea protein hydrolysate obtained before and after extrusion (a process that modifies protein digestibility) was evaluated. Protein precipitates were obtained from extruded and unextruded chickpea flours by isoelectric precipitation and hydrolyzed (α-amylase/pepsin/pancreatin). Chemical composition was determined (standard methods). ACE-I inhibition assays were carried out using a colorimetric test. For antihypertensive effect evaluations, spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 8) received the treatments intragastrically (extruded or unextruded hydrolysate (1.2 g/kg), captopril (25 mg/kg), or water only). Fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were lower in extruded chickpea flour (p < 0.05 versus unextruded). The protein content varied between protein precipitates (91.03%/78.66% unextruded/extruded (dry basis)) (p < 0.05). The hydrolysates’ IC50 values (mg/mL) were 0.2834 (unextruded)/0.3218 (extruded) (p > 0.05). All treatments lowered the blood pressure (p < 0.05 vs. water). The extruded hydrolysate showed a more potent antihypertensive effect than the unextruded one (p < 0.05), an effect similar to captopril (p > 0.05). The results suggest that protein extrusion can be used to generate protein hydrolysates with improved health benefits. The findings have implications for the design and production of functional foods that could help to prevent hypertension or serve as an adjunct in its treatment.
Can the Part Replace the Whole? A Choice Experiment on Organic and Pesticide-Free Labels
Authors: Zheng Qiuqin , Wen Xiaoting , Xiu Xintian , Yang Xiaoke , Chen Qiuhua
Published: August 2022

Chemical pesticides are a serious impediment to agricultural sustainability. A large-scale reduction in their use to secure food supplies requires more innovative and flexible production systems. Pesticide-free production standards bring together the strengths of all participants in the food value chain and could be the catalyst for this transition. Using a choice experiment approach and green tea as an example, this study investigated consumers’ preferences for organic and pesticide-free labels. According to the findings, organic and pesticide-free labels and brands are all major factors that affect consumers’ purchase decisions. Consumers are more willing to pay for organic labels than pesticide-free labels. There is a substitution effect between organic labels and pesticide-free labels. Complementary effects exist between organic labels and national brands, pesticide-free labels, and national brands. Consumer trust has an impact on consumers’ choice of organic labels and pesticide-free labels. The use of pesticide-free labels is an alternate approach for small- and medium-sized businesses in a specific market to lower the cost of organic certification.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Type 4
Authors: Markova Tatiana , Kenis Vladimir , Melchenko Evgenii , Alieva Aynur , Nagornova Tatiana , Orlova Anna , Ogorodova Natalya , Shchagina Olga , Polyakov Alexander , Dadali Elena , Kutsev Sergey
Published: August 2022

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasias (MED) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias with a predominant lesion in the epiphyses of tubular bones. Variants in the SLC26A2 gene cause their autosomal recessive form (rMED or MED type 4). The accumulation of data regarding the genotype–phenotype correlation can help in the diagnosis and proper management of these patients. The aim of this study was to survey the clinical and genetic characteristics of 55 patients with MED type 4 caused by variants in the SLC26A2 gene. Diagnosis confirmation was carried out by radiography and custom panel sequencing consisting of 166 genes responsible for the development of hereditary skeletal pathology. This was followed by the validation of the identified variants using automated Sanger sequencing (for six patients) and the direct automatic Sanger sequencing of the coding sequence and the adjacent intron regions of the SLC26A2 gene for 49 patients. Based on the clinical and genetic analysis of our sample of patients, two main MED type 4 phenotypes with early and late clinical manifestations were identified. An early and more severe form of the disease was observed in patients with the c.835C > T variant (p.Arg279Trp), and the late and milder form of the disease was observed in patients with the c.1957T > A variant (p.Cys653Ser) in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state with c.26 + 2T > C. It was also shown that only three pathogenic variants were found in 95.3% of the alleles of Russian patients with MED type 4: c.1957T > A (p.Cys653Ser), c.835C > T (p.Arg279Trp), and c.26 + 2T > C; thus, it can be assumed that the primary analysis of these variants will contribute to the optimal molecular genetic diagnostics of MED type 4.