bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I See What You Feel”. An Exploratory Study to Investigate the Understanding of Robot Emotions in Deaf Children
Authors: Cirasa Carla , Høgsdal Helene , Conti Daniela
Published: January 2024

Scientific research in the study of Human-Robot Interactions (HRI) has advanced significantly in recent years. Social humanoid robots have undergone severe testing and have been implemented in a variety of settings, including educational institutions, healthcare facilities and senior care centers. Humanoid robots have also been evaluated across diverse population groups. However, the research on different children-groups is still scarce, especially deaf children. This feasibility study includes both hearing children and deaf children, and aim to assess the interaction between children and a humanoid robot without the use of sounds and voices. In addition, an experiment was conducted where the children were asked to watch a video and then assess whether the NAO humanoid robot responded to the emotions shown in the video in a congruent or incongruent way. The findings indicated that there was no difference between the children who were present-ed with congruent emotions in the NAO as opposed to the children who were presented with in-congruent emotions in the robot. Only the ability to predict emotion in videos and gender were significant predictors of guessing the correct emotion in robot. Although no significantly differ-ence was found between hearing and deaf children, this feasibility study is intended to lay the groundwork for future research in this unexplored field of study.
Elevating Natural Gas Liquid(Ngl) Extraction And Fractionation Train Performance: A Synertistic Approach Of Simulation Analysis, Advanced Modification, And Vertical Advancement.
Authors: JOHNSON NNADIKWE
Published: January 2024

"Enhancing the Efficiency of Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Extraction and Fractionation Trains: An Integrated Approach of Simulation Analysis, Advanced Modifications, and Technological Advancements. Through comprehensive research, innovative solutions such as the heat pump aided distillation (HPAD) system and self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) have been developed to significantly reduce the energy consumption associated with conventional distillation systems. To identify a practical system for NGL fractionation trains, this study extensively examined and compared various HPAD and SHRT options to retrofit a single column. The objective was to find the most suitable and efficient solution for the fractionation process of natural gas liquids (NGLs). The retrofit options analyzed in this study encompassed a range of techniques, including vapor compression (VC), mechanical vapor re-compression (MVR), thermal vapor re-compression (TVR), bottom flashing (BF), side heat exchanger (SHE), intermediate heating and cooling (IHC), self-heat recuperative (SHR), and modified self-heat recuperative (MSHR) distillation. These methods were carefully examined to determine their suitability and effectiveness in improving the performance of NGL fractionation trains In this study, a depropanizer column, typically employed in conventional NGL plants, was selected as a case study. The simulation software Aspen HYSYS V7.3 was employed to model and analyze eight retrofit designs based on predefined criteria. The simulation data was carefully evaluated to identify the most efficient design for minimizing energy consumption. Among the retrofit options, the mechanical vapor re-compression (MVR) technique demonstrated the most significant energy cost reduction, with a remarkable 68.11 percent improvement compared to the base case conventional column. These findings highlight the potential of MVR as an effective solution for lowering energy costs in NGL fractionation trainsFollowing the MVR retrofit option, the study found that vapor compression (VC) achieved a considerable energy cost reduction of 66.65 percent, closely followed by modified self-heat recuperative (MSHR) at 64.02 percent, bottom flashing (BF) at 62.88 percent, self-heat recuperative (SHR) at 55.85 percent, side heat exchanger (SHE) at 54.23 percent, intermediate heating and cooling (IHC) at 39.54 percent, and thermal vapor re-compression (TVR) also at 39.54 percent. These findings highlight the significant potential for energy savings offered by these retrofit options, with VC being the most popular choice, closely followed by MSHR, BF, SHR, SHE, IHC, and TVR.
Using Lean in Deconstruction Projects for Maximizing the Reuse of Materials: A Canadian Case Study
Authors: Boukherroub Tasseda , NGANMI TCHAKOUTIO Audrey , Drapeau Nathalie
Published: January 2024

The construction sector is considered as a major consumer of virgin materials and contributor to waste generation. Therefore, it is essential to rethink current waste management practices, for example, by applying circular economy principles to building demolition, such as deconstruction. Deconstruction involves dismantling a building with the aim of maintaining the highest possible value for its materials and maximize their recovery potential. This study aims to guide the construction sector towards deconstruction to support its efforts to transform itself toward a more sustainable industry. It focuses on a regional case study in the province of Québec (Canada) presenting five buildings to be deconstructed. First, the study presents the outcomes of our analysis of the current situation. Second, it identifies the issues and obstacles encountered and proposes avenues to improve the current process based on solutions identified in the literature and the recommendations of the manager, the contractor involved in the deconstruction process, as well as experts in the construction industry. Finally, it proposes an improved deconstruction process. Our research approach is inspired from Lean thinking and follows Action Research methodology.
Robust Reconstruction of the Void Fraction from Noisy Magnetic Flux Density using Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Krause Lukas , Wondrak Thomas , Eckert Sven , Eckert Kerstin , Gumhold Stefan
Published: January 2024

Electrolysis stands as a pivotal method for environmentally sustainable hydrogen production. However, the formation of gas bubbles during the electrolysis process poses significant challenges by impeding the electrochemical reactions, diminishing cell efficiency, and dramatically increasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the inherent difficulty in detecting these bubbles arises from the non-transparency of the wall of electrolysis cells. Additionally, these gas bubbles induce alterations in the conductivity of the electrolyte, leading to corresponding fluctuations in the magnetic flux density outside of the electrolysis cell, which can be measured by externally placed magnetic sensors. By solving the inverse problem of the Biot-Savart Law, we can estimate the conductivity distribution as well as the void fraction within the cell. In this work, we study different approaches to solve the inverse problem including Invertible Neural Networks (INNs) and Tikhonov regularization. Our experiments demonstrate that INNs are much more robust to solving the inverse problem than Tikhonov regularization when the level of noise in the magnetic flux density measurements is not known or changes over space and time.
Tiempos de celebración y transformación: 50 años de la UACJ y una revista que rompe esquemas
Authors: Sena Herrera Erika Mayela
Published: January 2024

Tiempos de celebración y transformación: 50 años de la UACJ y una revista que rompe esquemas
Lukács: las implicaciones prácticas del cambio social (Un poco de la 4T)
Authors: Pérez Daniel Gustavo Herón
Published: January 2024

La importancia filosófica de Lukács para el pensamiento del siglo XX es también legendaria pues se le considera pionero en al menos dos sentidos; por un lado, como padre del “existencialismo”, con su libro temprano “El alma y las formas”, de 1911; y también fue de los primeros en profundizar en las reflexiones sobre la llamada “alienación” o “reificación”, en este libro de referencia Historia y conciencia de clase (Honneth, 2007; p. 23). Inclusive, para filósofos marxistas estructuralistas, como Lucien Goldmann, el joven Lukács representa entonces el primero en intentar reflexionar el vínculo entre el estructuralismo y el marxismo.
Cerezas en París, de Magali Velasco
Authors: Vigueras Fernández Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Reseña de la novela Cerezas en París, de Magali Velasco
Frenchmen
Authors: Medina Castro Iván
Published: January 2024

La añoranza de tiempo pasados en donde las artes mágicas dominaba se extrañan, pero ahora es el momento que las brujas resurjan en la ciudad de New Orleans.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Yuriev Vadim , Mezhidov Kazbek ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Moiseeva Karina ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2024

Significance. Physical development is an important indicator of health of the child population, as it allows us to assess how children are physically developing, whether they have developmental abnormalities or trends towards their development. The Chechen Republic, like any other region of Russia, has its own national, religious, demographic characteristics, living conditions and lifestyle, organization of medical and preventive care, and therefore analyzing the state of physical development of the child population of the republic is of great practical importance. The purpose of the study was to analyze and identify characteristics of physical development of children in the Chechen Republic based on data on preventive medical examinations. Material and methods. Data were extracted from statistical reporting forms #030-PO/o-17 «Information on preventive medical examinations of minors» in the Chechen Republic in 2018 - 2022. In total, data on physical development of 1,727,582 children were studied. Dynamics in individual physical development disorders identified as a result of the examination, both in general and with a breakdown on individual age and gender groups, were analyzed. Results. Preventive medical examinations seldom reveal disorders in physical development of children in the Chechen Republic - on average, only in 1.51% of cases. Among the identified disorders of physical development, underweight (0.55%) and excess body weight (0.47%) were most often diagnosed; 0.22% of children were diagnosed with short stature, and 0.17% with high stature. With age, the share of children with physical development disorders increased. Physical development of girls was worse than that of boys, mainly due to a higher share of children with excess body weight. For the period 2018-2022, the share of children whose physical development was determined as a norm increased from 97.64% to 98.99%. Conclusion. During preventive medical examinations, physical development disorders are hardly diagnosed, which may be due both to the objectively good state of physical development of children in the republic, and the quality of the examinations performed. At the same time, in both cases, preventive medical examinations prove their relevance, purpose and effectiveness, since even in case of their low quality they can identify gross pathology in children.
Happier Earth In Permisan
Authors: Susilo Joko
Published: January 2024

Puja dan puji syukur kehadirat Allah Swt. yang telah memberikan ma’unah dan ridha-Nya sehingga ikhtiar penyusunan Pedoman Umum Pelaksanaan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) di Lingkungan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA) ini dapat terselesaikan. Pelaksanaan KKN ini adalah sebagai pelaksanaan aspek-aspek Catur Dharma Perguruan Tinggi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo yakni meliputi pendidikan, penelitian, pengabdian masyarakat dan pengembangan nilai-nilai AlIslam Kemuhammadiyahan. KKN-T yang kami lakukan berfokus pada wilayah di Lingkungan Desa Permisan, Kecamatan Jabon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Tanjung Sari Melek Literasi
Authors: Susilo Joko
Published: January 2024

Segala puji syukur bagi Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat, taufik dan hidayah-Nya kepada kita semua, sehingga program Kuliah Kerja Nyata tahun 2019 di desa Kupang Dusun Tanjung Sari dengan tema “Pengembangan desa delta mandiri berkemajuan dengan pendekatan sosiokultural Dan teknologi berkelanjutan” dapat terlaksana dan terselesaikan dengan baik. Laporan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini disusun sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban tertulis kami selama pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di desa Kupang Dusun Tanjung Sari, kecamatan Jabon dari tanggal 1 Agustus sampai dengan 6 Oktober 2019. Adapun tujuan ini dari penyusunan laporan ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang program kerja yang telah kami laksanakan di dusun Tanjung Sari, kecamatan Jabon, kabupaten Siodarjo.
Sjögren–Larsson Syndrome (SLS) - A Case Report
Authors:   Junior resident, Department of Psychiatry, Incharge De-addiction, Nodal officer CoE (NMHP) Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India., Yadav Jyoti , Gupta Jitesh Kumar ,   Junior resident, Department of Psychiatry, Incharge De-addiction, Nodal officer CoE (NMHP) Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India., Maurya Jyoti Prakash ,   Junior resident, Department of Psychiatry, Incharge De-addiction, Nodal officer CoE (NMHP) Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India., Srivastava Mona ,   Professor & Head, Department of Psychiatry, Incharge De-addiction, Nodal officer CoE (NMHP) Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of lipid metabolism. The classical triad of ichthyosis, mental retardation and spasticity characterizes clinical features. There are only 200 cases reported worldwide. Aim: To report 3 cases from the same family and the index patient having a classical presentation. Case: Eldest female and two males, who display congenital ichthyosis, whose parents have no such symptoms. Both males complained of diffuse scales all over the body with mild erythema and severe itching, since birth, no history of blisters was present. Nails, teeth, hair and sweating were normal. They had itching all over the body with accentuation over flexural areas. The youngest has neurological as well as psychiatric problems as Bipolar disorder. Discussion: Mental retardation is common, depressive episodes are a common sequlae, however clear bipolar illness is not reported. Some behavioral phenotypes of ADHD have been reported in the literature . Seizures are commonly reported, however our index patient did not have any history. Most studies on icthyosis give a similar picture as above cases.
Genetic Insight into Familial and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors:   Consultant and Head, Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Mumbai 400053, India., Kar Bibhas , Femeela Ireen ,   Research Intern, Center for Genetic Studies & Research, The Madras Medical Mission, Chennai 600053, India.
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and common form of dementia in elderly patients accounting for 60 to 80 percent of cases worldwide. The hallmark of AD is deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain that lead to neurotoxicity and irreversible loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. Based on the onset of age, AD can be classified into early onset (<65 years) and late-onset>≥ 65 years) groups. Genetic factors such as gene mutation as well as environmental factors both can trigger the disease pathogenesis. The preliminary diagnosis can be performed based on the specific clinical symptoms and genetic analysis can help in establishing the familial cases. Treatments are suggested according to the stages of AD, such as mild, moderate, and severe, based on the clinical symptoms and the diagnosis of the patients.This review focuses on overall AD.
Studies on Genetic Control of Insects and Public Health Importance: A Survey
Authors:   Library I/c,  Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India., Padmavathi R. , Sethuraj P. ,   Assistant professor, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India., Rathipriya P.S. ,   Assistant Registrar, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

During recent years many advances have been made in the development of insect control by genetic manipulation. These methods include the sterile male technique, now well known, which depends on ionizing radiation or chemo sterilization. The recent field experiment carried out by WHO in Rangoon, Burma, on Culex fatigans has demonstrated that naturally occurring cytogenetic mechanisms such as cytoplasmic incompatibility can be used successfully without the use of radiations or chemosterilants. The paper not only describes the experiment on Culex fatigans but also discusses basic concepts and theoretical considerations involved in genetic control of insects of public health importance. There are a number of problems which require study before genetic control can be used on an operational scale.
Cytogenetics of Multiple Myeloma
Authors:   Lecturer, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034 Karnataka, India., S Amudha. , Rangaraj Drishya ,   Final Year Student, MSc Bio Medical Genetics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India., Tilak Veronica Preetha ,   Junior consultant, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034 Karnataka, India., Pasanna Raina. M. ,   Technologiest, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034 Karnataka, India., A Mary Margaret. ,   Senior Technologist, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034 Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow. In this abstract, we discuss the cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma patients and their correlation with age and gender. We also describe the techniques used for cytogenetic analysis in the Indian population. Our study included 70 patients with multiple myeloma, and cytogenetic analysis was performed using conventional karyotyping and Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization (FISH) techniques. We observed a higher incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients above 60 years of age, with male predominance. FISH analysis showed a higher detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities compared to conventional karyotyping. FISH also provided additional information on the extent and complexity of the chromosomal aberrations. It is a cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescently labelled probes to detect genetic abnormalities in the chromosomes of cells obtained from bone marrow. This analysis can provide valuable information about the type and stage of the disease, Translocations t(4;14),t(14;16), t(6;14), and t(14;20) were associated with anaemia, t(4;14) was associated with a higher serum monoclonal protein and plasma cell proliferation. Monosomy 13 is associated with a short survival rate with transition monoclonal gammopathy. In conclusion, our study confirms the age and male predominance in multiple myeloma and highlights the importance of cytogenetic analysis in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. By studying the chromosomal abnormalities in MM, we can gain insights into the underlying causes of the disease. In this study, we will discuss the cytogenetics of MM and explore how it can help understand the genetics of cancer. The study highlights the chromosomal abnormalities associated with MM and its implications for diagnosis and prognosis.
Retrospective Clinico Hematological Study of 150 Cases of Pancytopenia in Tertiary Care Center.
Authors:   Assistant professor, Departmen of Pathology, Katihar Medice College, Kathiar 854105 Bihar, India., Jha Monilisha , Alam Izhar ,   Associate professor, Departmen of Pathology, Katihar Medice College, Kathiar 854105 Bihar, India., Singh Neha ,   Assistant professor, Departmen of Pathology, Katihar Medice College, Kathiar 854105 Bihar, India., Kumar Rajesh ,   Professor, Departmen of Pathology, Katihar Medice College, Kathiar 854105 Bihar, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: Pancytopenia is not a disease but a clinichematological entity encountered in day to day practice. Bone marrow examination with peripheral blood finding and relevant biochemical test with radiological finding play important role in diagnosing and understanding the causes of pancytopenia which further determine the management and prognosis. Aim: To obtain detailed clinical and hematological spectrum of the common disorders producing pancytopenia in patient attending our tertiary care center and its causes and diagnostic approaches. Material and Method:The study was conducted in the department of pathology Katihar Medical College, Katihar. A retrospective study including 150 cases of pancytopenia in the duration of 2018 October to 2020 October. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 80, 75% of patients out of 150 cases were of megaloblastic anemia followed by aplastic anemia (10%), kalazar (8%), acute leukemia (6%), malaria (4%), myelodysplastic syndrome (1%) and tuberculosis (1%). Conclusion:The study concluded that bone marrow examination along with peripheral blood finding and radiological finding with biochemical finding helps to diagnose and understand the causes and management of pancytopenia.
Role of Hybrid Reconstructive Ladder in Adult Scald Burns
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India, Sriram Lakshmi , Thomas Neljo ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery,   Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor & Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

The reconstructive ladder discusses progressively more difficult soft tissue coverage methods for wound coverage and healing. Regenerative medicine modalities can be added to conventional reconstructive methods, making it a hybrid reconstruction ladder, which may make it easier to achieve wound coverage at a lower 'rung'. We have used the hybrid reconstruction ladder in an adult patient with scald burns with significant clinical improvement.
Role of Hybrid Reconstruction Ladder in Adult Thermal Burns
Authors:   MBBS, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Nagabushan Nikhil Bennur , Thomas Neljo ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor & Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

The role of the hybrid reconstruction ladder in the treatment of burn wounds has been widely used owing to its role in improving the outcome in terms of wound bed preparation and post-trauma scarring. Here, in our study, we are evaluating the efficacy of the use of a hybrid reconstruction ladder in adult thermal burns.
Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Studies on Ignitable Liquids
Authors:   Research Scholar (UGC-SRF), Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India., Singh Bumbrah Gurvinder , Kumar Sarin Rajinder ,   Director, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Amaravati, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500013, India., Mohan Sharma Rakesh ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
Published: January 2024

The present article describes the potential utility of derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric technique in the discrimination of different kinds of ignitable liquids in their neat states. Derivative UV spectrophotometry is capable of differentiating these ignitable liquids as derivative spectra have more number of points for comparison than their corresponding normal zero order spectrum. Derivative spectra are relatively simple. The technique is rapid, simple, cost-effective and can be used for the screening purpose at the initial stage of investigation. Taking into account the results obtained in the present work, it is possible to suggest the use of this technique to distinguish these ignitable liquids, if recovered from arson scene or clandestine laboratories.
Postmortem Detection of Child abuse at a Premier Hospital: Two Case Reports
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Lady Hardinge Medical College New Delhi, Delhi 110001, India., Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Mansi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur Uttar Pradesh 245304, India., Yadav Abhishek ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India., Prasad Kulbhushan ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Physical Child abuse also known as Battered baby Syndrome (BBS) or Non Accidental Injury (NAI) occurs when the child suffers repetitive physical injuries by a parent or guardian. It can cause severe injuries to the children and even death. We report two autopsy cases in which both the children were brought dead in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi by the guardians with no complaint of foul play. During autopsy the characteristic findings of physical abuse were found and were reported to the investigation officer. It led to the arrest of the guardians and legal proceedings were initiated. The western countries have developed a centralized reporting system for child abuse but the cases of physical and mental abuse of children mainly at their home from parents or guardian are highly under-reported in India. The authors intend to highlight the importance of interpreting such injuries not only during autopsy but also in clinical setups so that perpetrators of child abuse are not spared. The authors have given recommendations about the steps which could be taken to detect child abuse at an early stage and save the life of a child.
Kidnapping, Rape and Murder of a Minor Girl
Authors:   Senior Resident, Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Dey Arijit , Tyagi Swati ,   Senior Resident, Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Chanana Ashok ,   Associate Professor & Head, Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab 143001, India., Rai Mann Gurmanjit ,   Professor & Head, Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences Bareilly, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India., Sharma Neha ,   Senior Resident, Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Physical and sexual assault with or without homicide occurs throughout world regardless of race, age, nationality, financial status etc. Women and childrenare the most vulnerable group as they may not be able to defend themselves. Sexual cases are generally not reported because of social stigma and whatever we see is the tip of iceberg. This case deals with the story of a minor [14yrs] girl who was found lying by the side of road in an unconscious condition with multiple injuries. Inquest report was prepared as a case of road traffic accident but later on she was identified and then relative of injured complaint to police against certain suspects that she was kidnapped from her house and was allegedly raped and later on died and the postmortem examination was conducted in Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College, Amritsar.
Variation in Length of Signatures in Case of Simulated Forgery
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., Prajakta Harne , M.K Mishra ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., G.S. Sodhi ,   Associate Professor, Forensic Science Unit, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
Published: January 2024

Simulated or imitation forgery is one of the pervasive forgeries among the group of forgers, where genuine signature of signatory authority is available to forger and he attempts to execute by following the pictorial effect of the design of the signature by simply drawing the same. However, several factors are revealed during this act of forgery. Not every reproduction has a perfect evidence of poor line quality, retouching, and other “classic” features that may establish it as a fraud. Others, specifically those carried out when copying simple short signatures may have a line quality not very diverse from the signature and can be made without pen lifts, retouching, or tracing. In such cases, it may not be probable to opine with an extraordinary degree of confidence that the questioned writing is an imitation, but, according to its degree of inaccuracy, that exist, it may be apparent to postulate forgery.\
Mitochondrial DNA Typing for Forensic Identification
Authors:   Scientist, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Sharma Nidhi , Millo T. ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Mitochondrial DNA has more useful genetic information as compared to nucleic DNA because they are present in more number per cell. In decomposed or old biological samples nuclear material in the cell may not exist for a long period, so it is difficult to perform DNA analysis with the nuclear DNA from remains of biological samples. This high copy number in mtDNA increases the possibility of recovering sufficient DNA from compromised samples. For this reason, mtDNA can play an important role in the identification of missing person investigation, in mass disasters and other forensic investigations involving samples with limited biological material. Additionally, mtDNA is maternally inherited. Therefore, barring a mutation, an individual's mother, siblings, as well as all other maternally-related family members will have identical mtDNA sequences. As a result, forensic comparisons can be made using a reference sample from any maternal relative, even if the unknown and reference sample are separated by many generations. Anthropologically, mitochondrial DNA in the fossilised source is used to trace the human ancestry particularly of maternal lineage.
Accidental Drowning of Child or Maternal Filicide by Strangulation: A Case Report
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi 110029. India., Sharma Neha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Filicide, defined as the deliberate act of a parent killing their own child, is not uncommon in India and usually occurs if the child is female. Females are killed off even before they are born, as they are considered to be a burden to the parents and family. The risk of a child being killed is highest during the first year of life. The child may be killed by the perpetrator by using knives, blunt objects, manual strangulation, poisoning and drowning. Case Details: A body of a seven months female was brought for autopsy with the alleged history of accidental fall in a bucket of water and subsequent drowning. On external examination multiple abraded dermal contusions were found on the neck along with one crescentic shaped abrasion. On dissection hematoma was present over the underlying muscles. Pulmonary findings were within normal limits. The mother declared that she was alone in the house with the child at the time of alleged drowning. Later after exhaustive police investigation, she confessed to murdering her daughter. She clarified that she was suffering from depression, marital discord and was apprehensive that the female child was only a financial burden to their family. Conclusion: The article discusses about the reasons that prompt a mother to kill her own child and if a female child is that much a burden to the family that she does not deserve even an iota of chance to live. Further research is needed to improve identification of children and mothers at risk. Suggestions for prevention are made based on current literature and the authors’ experience.
Separation and Detection of Quizalofop-Ethyl Herbicide by Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors:   Assistant Director, Toxicology Division, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, State of Maharashtra, Cantonment, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431 002, India., Bhagwat D Mali
Published: January 2024

Herbicides are frequently used in agriculture for control of weeds in crops. Quizalofop-ethyl is a postemergence herbicide widely used for control of grassy weeds in crops, intended for human consumption. The general population may be exposed to quizalofop-ethyl via ingestion of food or drinking water. Sometimes it is misused for suicidal poisoning. A systematic analysis of herbicides acting as poison in human body is carried out by forensic toxicologists. Their method involves screening of poison followed by its instrumental assay. Therefore a simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable thin- layer chromatographic method for detection of quizalofop-ethyl is presented. The quizalofop-ethyl contain quinoxaline ring in its structure having –N=C-CH=N --group. These react with Dragendorff`s reagent to give orange-red coloured spot in yellow background. The detection limit was found to be 10 μg per spot (20 μg/cm2). The constituents of viscera (amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc.) do not interfere in the test.
Pattern of Injuries in Two Wheeler Accidental Deaths in our Experience
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Sciences, MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy 502294, Telangana, India., Sagar P. Vijaya
Published: January 2024

Background: Deaths from injuries from motorcycle accidents have over the years remained a significant public health concern in India. Aims: Our aim is to determine the distribution of the victims' age and gender and to classify the cause of death and the anatomical pattern of injuries observed. Materials and methods: It is a 2-year autopsy based analysis of all fatalities from motorcycle accidents seen from our Teaching Hospital experience. The data were extracted from autopsy records, from police journal excerpts from hospital case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: For Male there were 30 (85.7 percent) males and 5 (14.3 percent) females: 6:1 female ratio. The highest age group was 31-40 years . Majority of the victims 18 (51%) were Motorcycle riders, followed by passengers on back seat who accounted for 10 (29%), while the remaining 7 (20%) of the victims were pedestrians. Commonest injury in the cases are head injuries constituting 77% followed by thorax 57% and abdominal injuries 42.8%.Causes of death in study are mostly due to crainiocerebralinjuires 51.4% followed by multiple injuires in 40% and sever hemmorage 5.7% and septicaemia 2.8%.Conclusion: This study found that males are the main victims of death from motorcycle accidents during the fourth decade of life. Most of the victims were a motorcycle driver. Many died from craniocerebral damage.
A Review of a Hallucinogenic Plant (Brugmensia) Used as Criminal Tools and Exercises
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, SNNPR, Ethiopia., Bora Debasis , Singh Nivedita ,   Lecturer, Forensic Science Division , Police Training College, Uttar Pradesh Police, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2024

Scopolamine, named also hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug with antimuscarinic effects. It is also a tertiary ammonium compound, so it can be easily absorbed by the gut and the most important thing is that it crosses the hematoencephalic barrier (blood-brain barrier). This substance has many effects on the human body and it is produces effects on a range of micrograms. Scopolamine itself is used as a treatment for some diseases in low doses (like kinetosis), but when it comes to use it as a weapon, it’s mixed up with some other substances to produce the compost called burundanga. Burundanga is the cocktail and scopolamine is the main active principle. Regarding to its physical appearance, burundanga is a white thin dust similar to cocaine, tasteless and odourless. Scopolamine can be find almost in all the species of the Solenaceae family. The drug is stored in the plant’s flowers, leaves, and stems. Scopolamine is obtained principally from Datura stramonium, Brugmansia candida, and Hyoscyamus albus. There are many ways to commit a crime, but the perfect crime is not a concept easily achieved. Scopolamine is the ideal example. This substance has been utilised for a long time by humans and has been considered a gate to extra sensorial experiences with spirits. Nowadays though, it has turned into a majestic crime weapon or tool.
Uncertanity Estimation of 28 Pesticides Residues in Chilli by Gas Chromatography, Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD)
Authors:   Scientist (Analytical), Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122016., Mishra Sudeep , Richhariya Neelam ,   Professor and Principal, Government Girls College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh 485001,, Rani Rachana ,   Former Student, Banasthali Vidyapith Jaipur, Rajasthan 304022,, K Thakur Lalitesh ,   Specialist, Research Scholar, IPFT, Gurgaon, Haryana 122016, India., Bansal Shubham ,   Research Scholar, IPFT, Gurgaon, Haryana 122016, India., Kumar Pandey Vineet ,   Research Scholar, IPFT, Gurgaon, Haryana 122016, India.
Published: January 2024

The study was undertaken to calculate the uncertainty of results, related to the analysis of 28 pesticides present in green chilli. Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector was used for the analysis of above pesticides present in green chilli. Bottom-up approach was taken for calculation of uncertainty sources arise from weighing, purity of standards, repeatability, calibration and recovery study. To calculate the total uncertainty, relative uncertainty due to purity of standard (U1), due to weighing (U2) and precision (U3) are considered. The combined uncertainty (U) was calculated by equation: U = [(U1)2+(U2)2+(U3)2]1/2. Expanded uncertainty (2U) was twice of combined uncertainty (U) at 95% confidence level. Combined uncertainty values lies between 0.0007-0.0035. Percent uncertainty of almost all the pesticides taken for study was found below ≤10% except beta HCH percent uncertainty value is 11% lies in 11-15% range and lambdacyhalothrin value is 16% lies in 15-20% range. Keywords: Chilli; Uncertanity; Combined Uncertanity; Expanded Uncertanity; Pesticide.
Molecular Aspect of Post-mortem interval (PMI)
Authors:   Scientist, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Sharma Nidhi , Millo Tabin ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Behera Chittaranjan ,   Additional professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., K Gupta Sudhir ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Post-mortem interval (PMI) is a major component of investigation in forensic science. It is one of the fundamental tasks for forensic pathologist when a body is found. According to criminal law point of view, a correct estimation of the PMI allows authentication of witness statements, thus restrict the number of suspects. Accurate PMI estimation is difficult because of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Analysis of the biochemical changes in glucose and electrolytes for PMI estimation has made significant progress. Molecular ways in which measurable or quantifiable technique for degradation of nucleic acid molecule such as DNA and RNA, may be the good indicator for PMI. Several studies have tried to determine changes in molecular markers to provide more useful information for PMI. The studies demonstrated mixed results that showed the influence of ante and post-mortem factors on nucleic acid degradation. More studies would be required in order to standardize on human cases under standard parameters. Thus, molecular aspects of forensic involves this application of omicsin medical sciences to investigate cause of death and its process at the genetic basis and biological molecular level. Keywords: Post-mortem interval (PMI); Molecular biology; DNA and RNA quantification; Forensic Genetic identification.
FTIR Characterization and Physico-chemical Studies of Honey Samples in Kanpur Nagar
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India., Tiwari Anuradha , Lal Nand ,   Professor, Department of Chemistry, Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India., Singh Kiran ,   Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India., Nanvi Brijesh ,   Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India., Pal Neelam ,   Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India.
Published: January 2024

Honey is a valuable food entity that gains a lot of attention due to its potential benefits for health and its uses to sweeten foods. It contains about 60% invert sugar and appreciable amounts of maltose and sucrose. In this study, the Physico-chemical characteristics of pure and adulterated honey samples were investigated. The grade and limitation of adulteration of the honey samples also were checked. The moisture, ash and pH were carried out. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of different samples were analyzed. The result of FTIR spectroscopy provides reliable results.
A bit of a cough, tired, not very resilient – is that already Long-COVID? Perceptions and experiences of GPs with Long COVID in year three of the pandemic. A qualitative study in Austria.
Authors: Wojczewski Silvia , Mayrhofer Mira , Szabo Nathalie , Hoffmann Kathryn
Published: January 2024

Background: COVID-19 is a new multisectoral healthcare challenge. This study contributes to research on long COVID. It aims at understanding experiences, knowledge, attitudes and (information) needs that GPs have in relation to long COVID and how these evolved since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study used an exploratory qualitative research design. It investigated infection protection, infrastructure, framework conditions and the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria through semistructured interviews. A total of 30 semistructured interviews with GPs in different primary care settings (single practices, group practices, primary care centres) were conducted between February and July 2022. For this study, the questions relating to long COVID were analysed. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis software Atlas.ti.
Results: This is the first study that empirically investigated long-COVID management by GPs in a country with a Bismarck healthcare model in place. All GPs indicated having experience with long COVID. In cities, GPs tended to have slightly better networks with specialists, and GPs, especially in more rural places, would need much more support. The GPs who already worked in teams tended to find the management of COVID-19 easier. The symptoms that the physicians described as Long-Covid symptoms correspond to those described in the international literature, but it is unclear whether postCovid syndromes such PostExertinal-Malaise, autonomic dysfunction such as postural tachycardia syndrome or Mast-Cell-Overactivation-Syndrom (MCAS), and cognitive dysfunction are also recognized and correctly classified since they were never mentioned. The treatment of the patients is basically described as an enormous challenge and frustrating if the treatment does not yield significantly improved health. With this problem, the GPs feel left alone. GPs lacked information and contact information about specific health personnel or contact points that were familiar with postinfectious syndromes. Such facilities are urgently needed.
Conclusion: COVID-19 will continue to preoccupy our health care systems for a long time to come, as new variants without prevention strategies will continue to produce new patients. Therefore, it is not a question of if but when good support for GPs and adequate care pathways for people with COVID-19 will be implemented.
The integration of social accountability in the medical curriculum: A qualitative study to the change process as perceived by educational staff and students
Authors: Oudbier Janique , Boerboom Tobias , Peerdeman Saskia , Suurmond Jeanine
Published: January 2024

Background. In addition to (pre)clinical skills and knowledge there is more and more attention for social accountability within the medical curriculum. The integration of social accountability into the medical curriculum requires an organizational change process, which is affected by many factors. This study aims to investigate; the reaction of educational staff and students to this change; the perceived consequences resulting from this potential change; and the change antecedents that affect the reaction to change and change outcomes.
Methods. This study used a qualitative design in which semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 28 educational staff members and 16 students at a medical school in the Netherlands, in 2021. The framework approach was used to qualitatively analyze the interviews.
Results. Most participants were in favor of more attention for social accountability within the medical curriculum but their reaction depended on their career stage, perceived autonomy, level of focus on either solutions or problems, their degree of participation in the change process, and their perceived expertise. Participants perceived several potential consequences of the change, such as a higher workload, reduction of organizational commitment, and withdrawal from the change. Examples of important antecedents of change were resources such as finances and time, a common vision, and principal support.
Conclusions. The reaction of educational staff and students to the integration of social accountability in the medical curriculum and their perceived consequences resulting from this change can be positively stimulated by taking the involved antecedents into account during the organizational change process.