bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team Training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program for Interns: Teamwork and Quality of Resuscitations
Authors: Thomas Eric J. , Williams Amber L. , Reichman Eric F. , Lasky Robert E. , Crandell Sharon , Taggart William R.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Poor communication and teamwork may contribute to errors during neonatal resuscitation. Our objective was to evaluate whether interns who received a 2-hour teamwork training intervention with the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) demonstrated more teamwork and higher quality resuscitations than control subjects.

METHODS:

Participants were noncertified 2007 and 2008 incoming interns for pediatrics, combined pediatrics and internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology (n = 98). Pediatrics and combined pediatrics/internal medicine interns were eligible for 6-month follow-up (n = 34). A randomized trial was conducted in which half of the participants in the team training arm practiced NRP skills by using high-fidelity simulators; the remaining practiced with low-fidelity simulators, as did control subjects. Blinded, trained observers viewed video recordings of high-fidelity–simulated resuscitations for teamwork and resuscitation quality.

RESULTS:

High-fidelity training (HFT) group had higher teamwork frequency than did control subjects (12.8 vs 9.0 behaviors per minute; P < .001). Intervention groups maintained more workload management (control subjects: 89.3%; low-fidelity training [LFT] group: 98.0% [P < .001]; HFT group: 98.8%; HFT group versus control subjects [P < .001]) and completed resuscitations faster (control subjects: 10.6 minutes; LFT group: 8.6 minutes [P = .040]; HFT group: 7.4 minutes; HFT group versus control subjects [P < .001]). Overall, intervention teams completed the resuscitation an average of 2.6 minutes faster than did control subjects, a time reduction of 24% (95% confidence interval: 12%–37%). Intervention groups demonstrated more frequent teamwork during 6-month follow-up resuscitations (11.8 vs 10.0 behaviors per minute; P = .030).

CONCLUSIONS:

Trained participants exhibited more frequent teamwork behaviors (especially the HFT group) and better workload management and completed the resuscitation more quickly than did control subjects. The impact on team behaviors persisted for at least 6 months. Incorporating team training into the NRP curriculum is a feasible and effective way to teach interns teamwork skills. It also improves simulated resuscitation quality by shortening the duration.
Attitudes and Practices of Cardiologists and Surgeons Who Manage HLHS
Authors: Prsa Milan , Holly Crystal D. , Carnevale Franco A. , Justino Henri , Rohlicek Charles V.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

We conducted a survey to determine which management options pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in North America discuss and recommend when counseling parents after the diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).

METHODS:

Pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons across North America were asked to complete an anonymous, Internet-based survey about their attitudes and practices regarding the management of HLHS.

RESULTS:

We contacted 1621 pediatric cardiologists and surgeons, of whom 749 (46%) completed the survey. When counseling parents of newborns with HLHS, 99.7% of respondents discussed staged palliative surgery, 67% discussed cardiac transplantation, and 62.2% discussed compassionate care without surgery. Only a minority (14.9%) discussed all of those options. Staged palliative surgery was recommended over cardiac transplantation or compassionate care without surgery by 76.2% of respondents. When counseling parents after prenatal diagnosis of HLHS, 98.8% of respondents discussed continuation of pregnancy with staged palliative surgery after birth, 53.5% discussed continuation of pregnancy with cardiac transplantation after birth, 56.9% discussed continuation of pregnancy with compassionate care after birth, and 74.3% discussed termination of pregnancy. Only 36.5% discussed all of those options. Continuation of pregnancy with staged palliative surgery after birth was recommended over the other options by 56% of respondents.

CONCLUSIONS:

Virtually all North American pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons surveyed discuss a surgical intervention when counseling parents about the care of their child or fetus with HLHS. However, only a minority discuss all options. Most physicians recommend staged palliative surgery for management of HLHS.
Impact of Gluten-free Camp on Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease
Authors: Bongiovanni Tasce R. Simon , Clark Ann L. , Garnett Elizabeth A. , Wojcicki Janet M. , Heyman Melvin B.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

A gluten-free camp allows children with celiac disease (CD) to enjoy a camp experience without concern and preoccupation with foods they eat or the stigma of their underlying disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of gluten-free camp on quality-of-life indicators for children and adolescents with CD.

METHODS:

Children aged 7 to 17 years with CD were administered a 14-question survey at the beginning and the end of a 7-day gluten-free camp. Surveys used a Likert scale to examine general well-being, emotional outlook, and self-perception for the week before each survey. Differences between the time points were compared. Data were analyzed by paired t test.

RESULTS:

Of the 104 campers who attended camp, 77 (21 male) completed the survey at both time points. Most (70%) had been on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for <4 years. All seemed to benefit from camp, no longer feeling different from other kids or feeling frustrated with a restricted diet. A more beneficial impact was found for campers who were on a GFD for <4 years. Overall, campers reported an improvement in 11 of 14 questions, statistically significant (P < .05) for 8 of those 11 questions. Improvement was observed in each of the 3 categories of questions: well-being, self-perception, and emotional outlook.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children who had CD and attended a week-long gluten-free camp demonstrated improvement in well-being, self-perception, and emotional outlook. The positive effects of camp were more apparent among campers who had been on a GFD for <4 years compared with those who had been on a GFD for ≥4 years, suggesting an adaptation to CD with time. A gluten-free camp that provides an environment of unrestricted foods can at least temporarily alleviate stress and anxiety around food and social interactions. Durability of these observations on return to daily life requires additional study.
Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in 3 Unrelated Turkish Children Born to Consanguineous Kindreds
Authors: Sahin Gürses , Palanduz Ayse , Aydogan Gonul , Cassar Olivier , Ertem A. Ulya , Telhan Leyla , Canpolat Nur , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Picard Capucine , Gessain Antoine , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Plancoulaine Sabine
Published: February 2010

Infection by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in childhood is common in the Mediterranean basin; however, classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is exceedingly rare in children not infected with HIV and not receiving immunosuppression, with only 30 cases having been reported since 1960. We recently reported 2 children with autosomal and X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiencies underlying KS in a context of multiple clinical manifestations. These reports suggested that classic KS in otherwise healthy children might also result from inborn errors of immunity more specific to HHV-8. In this article, we describe 3 unrelated Turkish children with classic KS born to first-cousin parents. The first patient, a girl, developed KS at 2 years of age with disseminated cutaneous and mucosal lesions. The clinical course progressed rapidly, and the patient died within 3 months despite treatment with vincristine. The other 2 children developed a milder form of KS at the age of 9 years, with multiple cutaneous lesions. A boy treated with interferon α therapy for 12 months is now in full remission at the age of 14, 2 years after treatment. The second girl is currently stabilized with etoposide, which was begun 4 months ago. None of the 3 children had any relevant familial history or other clinical features. The occurrence of classic KS in 3 unrelated Turkish children, each born to consanguineous parents, strongly suggests that autosomal recessive predisposition may drive the rare occurrence of HHV-8–associated classic KS in children.
Association BetweenHelicobacter pyloriand Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children
Authors: Spee Leo A. A. , Madderom Marieke B. , Pijpers Maaike , van Leeuwen Yvonne , Berger Marjolein Y.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common complaints among children. The role of Helicobacter pylori in the cause of these complaints remains controversial. Nevertheless, there is an increasing pressure on primary care clinicians to screen for H pylori infection in symptomatic children. We systematically reviewed the published evidence for an association between H pylori infection and GI symptoms in children.

METHODS:

Medline and Embase databases up to July 2009 were searched to identify studies that evaluated the association between H pylori and GI symptoms in children aged up to 18 years. When studies reported on abdominal pain without additional definition, thus not fulfilling Apley's criteria, we grouped these outcomes as unspecified abdominal pain (UAP). Methodologic quality was scored by using a standardized list of criteria, and crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and pooled.

RESULTS:

Thirty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria: 23 case-control studies, 14 cross-sectional studies, and 1 prospective cohort study. The overall methodologic quality was low. Pooled ORs for the association between RAP and H pylori infection in children were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.82–1.78) in 12 case-control studies and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.76–1.31) in 7 cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis of the association between UAP and H pylori infection in 6 hospital-based studies resulted in a pooled OR of 2.87 (95% CI: 1.62–5.09) compared with 0.99 (95% CI: 0.46–2.11) in 5 population-based studies. Two of 3 studies concerning epigastric pain reported a statistically significant positive association with H pylori infection.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found no association between RAP and H pylori infection in children and conflicting evidence for an association between epigastric pain and H pylori infection. We found evidence for an association between UAP but could not confirm this finding in children seen in primary care.
Estado nutricional e percepção da imagem corporal de mulheres idosas residentes no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Tribess Sheila , Virtuoso Junior Jair Sindra , Petroski Édio Luiz
Published: February 2010

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação da percepção da imagem corporal com o estado nutricional de mulheres idosas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 265 idosas, na faixa etária de 60 a 96 anos, selecionada de forma aleatória e estratificada proporcional por grupos de conveniência no município de Jequié, Bahia. Foi aplicada uma entrevista com o intuito de obter informações referentes às características sociodemográficas (idade, estado civil, escolaridade e classe econômica), percepção da imagem corporal (escala de nove silhuetas) e mensuração da massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal como parâmetro do estado nutricional. Utilizaram-se os procedimentos da estatística descritiva, medidas de associação e análise não paramétricas. Das idosas entrevistadas, 43,8% eram eutróficas, 3,4% se encontravam na categoria de baixo peso e 52,8% apresentavam sobrepeso. Quanto à percepção da imagem corporal, 54% das idosas eram insatisfeitas, principalmente pelo excesso corporal (35,1%), que estava associado ao estado nutricional, no qual o aumento da categoria do IMC elevava o percentual de idosas insatisfeitas. As idosas estavam insatisfeitas com sua imagem corporal e essa insatisfação estava associada à prevalência de obesidade.
Avaliação microbiológica da água de consumo empregada em unidades de alimentação
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo Pereira de , Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa , Lima Rosália Maria Torres de , Paiva José do Egito de , Lima Filho José Luiz de , Carvalho Irineide Teixeira de
Published: February 2010

A água de consumo humano é o principal veículo de transmissão de patógenos capazes de causar infecções gastrointestinais, sendo vital o seu controle microbiológico. O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de avaliar a qualidade bacteriológica da água para o consumo humano, quanto à presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, em diferentes unidades de alimentação na cidade do Recife (PE), conforme os padrões de potabilidade estabelecidos pela Portaria nº 518 de 2004 do Ministério da Saúde/ANVISA. Foram coletadas quarenta amostras de água em unidades de alimentação, localizadas no entorno da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Foram realizados os testes bacteriológicos para pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, conforme o protocolo do APHA (1995). Das amostras analisadas, 62,5% apresentaram coliformes totais e 42,5%, coliformes termotolerantes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, 62,5% das amostras não estão em conformidade com a legislação vigente.
Prevalência de hipertensão arterialem crianças e adolescentes obesos
Authors: Ferreira Joel Saraiva , Aydos Ricardo Dutra
Published: February 2010

Há um incremento na carga de doenças crônicas que afetam a população mundial e, da mesma forma, uma significativa parcela da população brasileira. Figuram nesse contexto a hipertensão arterial e a obesidade, inclusive entre indivíduos de baixa faixa etária. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em crianças e adolescentes obesos, na tentativa de verificar sua manifestação conforme gênero e idade. Para tanto, foram avaliados 129 indivíduos obesos na faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos, de ambos os gêneros. A avaliação consistiu em medidas antropométricas e mensuração da pressão arterial. Posteriormente, as informações foram analisadas estatisticamente com auxílio do programa BioEstat 3.0, que indicou prevalência de hipertensão arterial em ambos os gêneros (masculino = 15,8% e feminino = 26,4%) sem diferirem estatisticamente entre si. Nos diferentes grupos etários, a doença também se manifestou, com destaque para os indivíduos de 13 e 14 anos (52,4%), os quais diferiram estatisticamente dos demais grupos etários. Com isso, concluiu-se que a hipertensão arterial se fez presente de forma marcante na população investigada, indicando que a obesidade pode interferir na elevação da pressão arterial de crianças e adolescentes.
Transformando o problema da fome em questão alimentar e nutricional: uma crônica desigualdade social
Authors: Pinheiro Anelise Rizzolo de Oliveira , Carvalho Maria de Fátima Cruz Correia de
Published: February 2010

O processo de surgimento das políticas (públicas) sociais relacionadas à alimentação e nutrição no Brasil tem um curso descontínuo e negligenciado pelo Estado brasileiro ao longo de sua história. Este artigo tem como objetivo resgatar este processo e identificar elementos que dificultam a inserção da questão alimentar e nutricional na agenda política brasileira. Assim, faz um breve resgate histórico sobre o conjunto de políticas e programas sociais formulados desde a década de quarenta com vistas ao enfrentamento do problema de fome no Brasil, sinalizando a mudança dos perfis epidemiológico e nutricional da população brasileira. É necessário avançar no entendimento de que as manifestações biológicas da fome - desnutrição ou obesidade (má nutrição) - são reflexos de um modelo de desenvolvimento social que privilegia o capital em detrimento do bem-estar social. A questão social também se manifesta perante o contexto alimentar e nutricional, pois a submissão da sociedade aos ditames do capital produz reflexos nos modos de comer, viver, adoecer e morrer das populações.
Estilo de vida e fatores de risco associados ao aumento da gordura corporal de mulheres
Authors: Fett Carlos Alexandre , Fett Waléria Christiane Rezende , Marchini Júlio Sérgio , Ribeiro Rosane Pilot Pessa
Published: February 2010

Os objetivos eram descrever a associação entre índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m²), porcentagem de gordura e fatores de risco para doenças metabólicas; observar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica e relacionar às características de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesas. As voluntárias (n=50; IMC=31±6; idade=36±11 anos) eram avaliadas quanto ao exame clínico, medidas antropométricas, coletas de sangue e urina, gasto energético de repouso e registro alimentar. Fases em que se tornaram obesas em ordem decrescente: idade adulta, gravidez, adolescência, depois dos 40 anos e depois do casamento. O odds de ter um ou mais familiares obesos era de 316%. Eram ansiosas (60%), depressivas (12%), compulsivas (34%) e com distúrbios do sono (32%). O odds para dislipidemia era 28%, hipertensão, 25% e para glicemia acima de 100 mg/dL era de 35%. Elas estavam em déficit calórico, mas o balanço nitrogenado era positivo. A síndrome metabólica era presente em 25% delas e estava positivamente correlacionada a indicadores da gordura corporal e idade. A obesidade destas mulheres era multifatorial com influência familiar, podendo ter contribuições genéticas e ambientais. O equilíbrio físico/emocional parece ter influenciado neste processo.
Crenças de pacientes diabéticos acerca da terapia nutricional e sua influência na adesão ao tratamento
Authors: Pontieri Flavia Melo , Bachion Maria Márcia
Published: February 2010

O sistema de crenças em saúde influencia o processo de adesão ao tratamento de diabetes. A adesão à terapia nutricional é um dos maiores desafios. O objetivo desse estudo de abordagem qualitativa foi analisar as crenças de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 a respeito da terapia nutricional e sua influência na adesão. Participaram do estudo nove pacientes em tratamento em um centro de referência para atendimento à diabéticos. Os procedimentos envolvidos foram coleta de sangue para dosagem de hemoglobina glicada, aplicação de questionário, entrevista semi-estruturada gravada e consulta ao prontuário. A análise das falas foi feita a partir do modelo de categorias temáticas de Bardin, e segundo os modelos de crenças de Rosenstock e Rokeach. Todos os participantes apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina glicada acima de 7%, denotando dificuldade para o controle glicêmico e possível falta de adesão. Pela análise das falas, foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: "Recomendações recebidas sobre alimentação" e "Adesão à terapia nutricional". Elas revelam crenças de autoridade e de consenso zero, e de barreiras à terapia nutricional, percebida como imposição restritiva. São crenças que influenciam negativamente a adesão; assim, precisam ser consideradas no atendimento à população.
Obesidade: uma perspectiva plural
Authors: Wanderley Emanuela Nogueira , Ferreira Vanessa Alves
Published: February 2010

A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, que produz efeitos deletérios à saúde. Há um consenso na literatura de que sua etiologia é multifatorial, envolvendo aspectos biológicos, históricos, ecológicos, políticos, socioeconômicos, psicossociais e culturais. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo abordar o caráter multifatorial da obesidade, envolvendo a ampla variedade de fatores ambientais e genéticos implicados na sua etiologia a partir de estudos secundários provenientes do trabalho de revisão da literatura nas principais bases de dados e bibliotecas especializadas. Atualmente, a obesidade tem sido considerada a mais importante desordem nutricional nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, devido ao aumento da sua incidência. A abordagem dos aspectos genéticos, metabólicos, psicossociais, simbólicos, culturais e de estilo de vida permitiu fundamentar a obesidade enquanto uma enfermidade plural e a necessidade de criar políticas públicas com ações multidisciplinares e intersetoriais, que valorizem a parceria entre governo e sociedade civil, na prevenção e combate à obesidade e promoção da saúde, possibilitando a participação da comunidade nesse processo, através da responsabilização e do autocuidado.
Evolução temporal da dengue no município de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 1994 a 2003
Authors: Hino Paula , Santos Carolina Carvalho dos , Santos Mirian Oliveira dos , Cunha Tarcísio Neves da , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: February 2010

Este estudo caracteriza-se epidemiológico-descritivo com objetivo de descrever a evolução temporal dos casos de dengue em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, no período de 1994 a 2003, segundo mês de ocorrência e sexo. Os dados foram obtidos junto às fichas de notificação compulsória fornecidas pela Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município. Foram obtidos os coeficientes de incidência por 100.000 habitantes, segundo estimativas populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. O município viveu uma epidemia de dengue no ano de 2001, quando o coeficiente de incidência chegou a 619,65 casos/100.000 habitantes, sendo que dentre os 5.553 casos encontrados no período estudado, 0,07% ocorreram no ano de 1994, 3,68% em 1995, 4,52% em 1996, 2,40% em 1997, 1,82% em 1998, 5,73% em 1999, 3,75% em 2000, 57,37% em 2001, 6,25% em 2002 e, 14,39% em 2003 . Os meses do ano de maior ocorrência da doença foram de janeiro a maio. Em relação à variável sexo, a proporção entre o número de casos foi de aproximadamente 1:1, mostrando pequenas flutuações de casos de dengue entre homens e mulheres, para todo período estudado. Os resultados apontam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos sobre a temática e reforçam o papel das instituições de ensino na questão da dengue no nosso país.
Humanização das práticas do profissional de saúde: contribuições para reflexão
Authors: Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de , Chiari Brasília Maria
Published: February 2010

Este artigo se propõe a contribuir com subsídios para a reflexão da atuação clínica contemporânea sob a ótica da humanização da atenção à saúde a partir de revisão da literatura indexada e publicada no Brasil nas bases de dados da biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e Scielo entre 1987 e 2007, bem como autores citados nestes estudos e publicados no mesmo período, quando considerado essencial para consubstanciar as discussões apresentadas. Também são discutidas questões ligadas à humanização da saúde a partir da concepção da humanização como política de saúde e como prática profissional, assim como possibilidades de ampliação da discussão da necessidade de incorporar tais premissas nas diversas etapas da formação dos alunos de graduação no que concerne ao tema. Além disso, são apresentadas proposições para contribuir à formação do profissional ligado ao setor saúde desde a graduação, bem como subsídios para a reflexão sobre as propostas curriculares e oportunidades oferecidas pelos professores universitários, os quais podem influir fortemente na formação profissional e, posteriormente, com o funcionamento e com as práticas vigentes nos serviços de saúde.
Educação em saúde como estratégia de promoção de saúde bucal em gestantes
Authors: Reis Deise Moreira , Pitta Daniela Rocha , Ferreira Helena Maria Barbosa , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Moraes Mari Eli Leonelli de , Soares Milton Gonçalves
Published: February 2010

O objetivo desta revisão da literatura é discutir a importância da educação em saúde como estratégia de promoção de saúde bucal no período gestacional. Foram estudadas as manifestações bucais mais comuns na gestação, concluindo-se que, embora a gestação por si só não seja responsável por tais manifestações como, por exemplo, a cárie dentária e a doença periodontal, faz-se necessário o acompanhamento odontológico no pré-natal, considerando-se que as alterações hormonais da gravidez poderão agravar as afecções já instaladas. Destacou-se na promoção de saúde bucal na gestante a educação em saúde bucal, considerando-a parte importante do Programa de Atenção à Saúde da Mulher, conforme recomendado pelas atuais Diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal. Considera-se que, por meio de ações de educação em saúde bucal, desenvolvidas no pré-natal por uma equipe multiprofissional, orientada por um cirurgião-dentista, a mulher poderá se conscientizar da importância de seu papel na aquisição e manutenção de hábitos positivos de saúde bucal no meio familiar e atuar como agente multiplicador de informações preventivas e de promoção de saúde bucal.
Existe uma associação entre mortalidade por câncer e uso de agrotóxicos?: Uma contribuição ao debate
Authors: Jobim Paulo Fernandes Costa , Nunes Luciana Neves , Giugliani Roberto , Cruz Ivana Beatrice Manica da
Published: February 2010

O uso crônico de agrotóxicos em regiões rurais no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) tem sido tentativamente relacionado a um possível aumento na incidência de câncer nos trabalhadores rurais. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico de série temporal (1979 a 2003) na microrregião (MI) de Ijuí, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e no Brasil, com dados anuais do Sistema do Departamento de Estatística do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), para avaliar o comportamento do coeficiente de mortalidade por câncer, padronizado por idade e sexo. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão linear simples e múltipla para estimar, respectivamente, as taxas de mortalidade e as diferenças entre as três regiões estudadas. A MI e o RS apresentam maior taxa média de mortalidade tanto em homens quanto em mulheres, sendo significativamente diferentes das observadas para o Brasil como um todo (p<0,001). Quando o modelo foi ajustado para as três regiões, a tendência de aumento da taxa de mortalidade permanece. Esses dados sugerem que a relação entre uso crônico de agrotóxicos e câncer não pode ser rejeitada e que deve ser melhor estudada.
Metformin blocks the stimulative effect of a high-energy diet on colon carcinoma growth in vivo and is associated with reduced expression of fatty acid synthase
Authors: Algire Carolyn , Amrein Lilian , Zakikhani Mahvash , Panasci Lawrence , Pollak Michael
Published: February 2010

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the association of obesity with adverse colon cancer outcomes are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of a high-energy diet on growth of an in vivo colon cancer model. Seventeen days following the injection of 5×105 MC38 colon carcinoma cells, tumors from mice on the high-energy diet were approximately twice the volume of those of mice on the control diet. These findings were correlated with the observation that the high-energy diet led to elevated insulin levels, phosphorylated AKT, and increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by the tumor cells. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, leads to the activation of AMPK and is currently under investigation for its antineoplastic activity. We observed that metformin blocked the effect of the high-energy diet on tumor growth, reduced insulin levels, and attenuated the effect of diet on phosphorylation of AKT and expression of FASN. Furthermore, the administration of metformin led to the activation of AMPK, the inhibitory phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the upregulation of BNIP3 and increased apoptosis as estimated by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Prior work showed that activating mutations of PI3K are associated with increased AKT activation and adverse outcome in colon cancer; our results demonstrate that the aggressive tumor behavior associated with a high-energy diet has similar effects on this signaling pathway. Furthermore, metformin is demonstrated to reverse the effects of the high-energy diet, thus suggesting a potential role for this agent in the management of a metabolically defined subset of colon cancers.
A practical approach to implementation of ecosystem‐based management: a case study using the Gulf of Maine marine ecosystem
Authors: Altman Irit , Blakeslee April MH , Osio Giacomo C , Rillahan Christopher B , Teck Sarah J , Meyer John J , Byers James E , Rosenberg Andrew A
Published: February 2010

The application of ecosystem‐based management (EBM) in marine environments has been widely supported by scientists, managers, and policy makers, yet implementation of this approach is difficult for various scientific, political, and social reasons. A key, but often overlooked, challenge is how to account for multiple and varied human activities and ecosystem services and incorporate ecosystem‐level thinking into EBM planning. We developed methods to systematically identify the natural and human components of a specific ecosystem and to qualitatively evaluate the strength of their interactions. Using the Gulf of Maine marine ecosystem as a case study, we show how these methods may be applied, in order to identify and prioritize the most important components to be included in an EBM plan – particularly the human activities that are the strongest drivers of ecosystem change and the ecosystem services most threatened by cumulative and indirect effects of these activities.
How Significant Is the Formation Damage in Multi-fractured Horizontal Wells?
Authors: Yu Xiance , Guo Boyun
Published: February 2010

Large scale and expensive hydraulic fracturing operations are common for enhancing well productivity in low-permeability reservoirs. Part of the expenses of these operations incur owing to using low-damaging fracturing fluids, while the true significance of the formation damage in fractured wells is still not clear. This paper evaluates the significance of fracture face matrix damage in multi-fractured horizontal wells.

We analyzed the effect of facture face skin on productivity of multi-fractured horizontal wells using a recently developed mathematical model. This model was derived on the basis of a rigorous coupling of reservoir pseudo-radial flow, reservoir linear-flow, fracture linear-flow, and fracture radial-flow near the wellbore. Results were sensitized to reservoir properties and facture face matrix skin properties determined by fracturing fluid properties and treatment conditions. Large ranges of possible leak-off coefficient and spurt-loss coefficient were investigated. Both oil and gas reservoirs were considered. We concluded that fracture face skin has a little influence on productivity of multi-fractured horizontal wells. Even in the worst situations, the reduction in well productivity due to fracture face matrix damage is less than 5%. Therefore, it is not necessary to use expensive low-damaging fracturing fluids in most hydraulic fracturing operations.
Oilfield Scale-Induced Permeability Damage Management During Waterflooding
Authors: Adesina F. A. , Olugbenga F. , Samuel A.
Published: February 2010

The precipitation, accumulation and disposition process of oilfield sulphate scales is a major ongoing flow assurance problem in hydrocarbon production. This pose serious injectivity and productivity problems in a water flooded reservoirs. Several works and software packages such as multi-scale 6.0 and scalechem have been developed for predicting scaling tendency and average scales precipitation inside the reservoir but neglecting the fact that not all the occurring scale precipitation would cause formation damage near the well bore region. Some of the precipitated scales escape through the pore spaces to render havoc to flow in the production string since it is not all the scale precipitation inside the reservoir would plug the formation.

For an adequate planning and monitoring of water injection, scale treatment schedule and disposition programme, there is the need to estimate the fraction of sulphate scales precipitation that occupies pore spaces and the corresponding degree of permeability damage at well bore vicinity. It is also imperative to evaluate the effects of oilfield scale induced permeability damage on the success of water flooding project.

In this paper, an interactive software package has been developed for predicting the fraction of oilfield scales that occupies pore space and the corresponding permeability damage at different location away from the well bore. The software complement the existing oilfield scaling prediction software such as multi-scale 6.0, scalechem and scalbute recently reported by Fadairo et al. This is useful for adequate planning and controlling of water injection project, oilfield scale treatment schedule and disposition programme.
Correlating Flowing Time and Condition for Plugging of Rectangular Openings, Natural Fractures, and Slotted Liners by Suspended Particles
Authors: Tran T. V. , Civan F. , Robb I.
Published: February 2010

Conditions leading to plugging of fractures and slots by particles of different size, shape, composition and concentration are investigated experimentally. Empirical correlations are developed on the basis of relevant dimensionless numbers which determine the effect of aspect ratio (length-to-width ratio) of fracture opening and particle size distribution on plugging conditions. Plugging capabilities and fluid loss through fractures and slots are found to depend on the particle shape, size, composition, particle concentration, flow conditions, and fluid properties. It is determined that plugging occurs when the ratio of the fracture width to average particle diameter versus Particle-Volume-Fraction Reynolds number falls into the region below the curve described by a dimensionless empirical exponential correlation. Expressed in dimensionless numbers, such a relationship is directly applicable for estimation of whether plugging will occur and the time required for plugging under prescribed field conditions. The dimensionless correlations developed in this paper can also be used as a screening tool for best lost circulation material (LCM) candidates.
A New Acid Treatment Procedure to Improve Injectivity in Brazil Offshore Horizontal Wells
Authors: Farias R. L. , Prata F. G. , Souza L. A. , Jardim A. T. , Araújo C. , Pereira A. Z. , Neumann L. F.
Published: February 2010

Generally, offshore horizontal producer wells in Brazil do not require acid treatments after a gravel pack. The drill-in fluids’ filter cakes have low lift-off pressures and are readily produced through the gravel and the screens. Injection wells, however, require acid treatments to break down the filter cake and establish low skin factors and favorable injection profiles.

Improved HF Acid System has been used successfully after gravel packs or in other wells to remove drill-in fluid damage and improve injectivity in the formation. Good acid designs were achieved through knowledge and lab tests. Due to the difficulties of obtaining core plugs for lab testing, specialist simulation software has been used to determine the best acid composition.

Operationally, the great challenge is reducing rig time for acid jobs without affecting treatment quality. Pumping acid through a longer screen interval using a Horizontal Single Trip (HST) system significantly reduces the treatment time.

This paper describes a new procedure to design and pump acid jobs in Campos and Espirito Santo Basins, based on: application of specialist simulation software to design the acid system; inclusion of 15% HCl:corrosion Inhibitor blend ("Mud Cake Remover") before the classical acid treatment; and pumping the treatment through five screens joints using the HST system.
A New Mathematical Model for Estimating Perforation Penetration Length
Authors: Boukadi F. H. , Seibi A. , Ghalambor A. , Iluore F. O.
Published: February 2010

Penetration depth has been studied by a number of scholars both in ballistic science and also in the oilfield. A number of models have been developed for estimating oil well perforation depths and also assessing perforation gun performance under sub-surface conditions. Earlier derived models have been found to be narrow in scope and did not accommodate a wide range of factors that affect perforation gun performance. The intent of this study is to develop a new mathematical model that can extend the scope of previous models and provide room for factors like target strength, explosive load, gun-to-casing clearance, effective impact area of jet/bullet, and velocity of perforator already known to affect perforation gun performance. The approach to the development of the new model was based on the energy conservation theorem. The translational kinetic energy of the jet/bullet was equated to the summation of the gun penetrative work and accompanying heat energy loss. The kinetic energy was represented by a simple relation of half the product of mass and square of velocity of the jet/bullet. The expression for the penetrative work done was based on the one-dimensional Bernoulli's hydrodynamic theorem, while the heat loss was derived using Fourier's law of heat conduction across a cylindrical composite media at steady state. Heat convention through completion fluid was assumed negligible. The new model finds its applications in perforation operation design as well as in appropriate gun selection.
A Smart Approach in Acid Stimulation Resulted in Successful Reviving of Horizontal Producers Equipped With ICD Completions: Saudi Arabia Case History
Authors: Al-Mulhem N. I. , Sharma H. K. , Al-Zain A. K. , Al-Suwailem S. S. , Al-Driweesh S. M.
Published: February 2010

Passive completions, comprised of inflow control devices and external packers, are usually considered in horizontal wells, located in risky or mature areas. These completions are proven techniques for reservoir conformance to mitigate water or gas-coning problems and ensure uniform production contributions along the horizontal section. After well completion or shortly after initial production, these wells may fail to sustain production, largely due to formation damage or plugging in the inflow control devices. The conventional acid program, applied on wells with non-passive completions, is not suitable on these wells, due to the risk of impacting the completion integrity to the extent that it will violate the installation purposes. The requirements of acid treating wells with the same completions become inevitable due to the increasing number of wells equipped with these completions in a major carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia. A smart approach has been developed through innovative thinking to stimulate wells equipped with passive completions. The new approach has successfully stimulated four wells and resulted in restoring well productivity. This smart stimulation approach demonstrates a competent method to clean out the ICD completion along the horizontal section and to remove formation damage.

This paper presents in depth discussion of rigless acid stimulation operations on oil producers to remove formation damage and improve well productivity, at a reduced cost. This paper also outlines the successful application of the smart approach in acid stimulation of horizontal wells — equipped with passive completion — and discussed the post-treatment results.

Background

Water injection was started to boost up and maintain the reservoir pressure. All producers were initially drilled as vertical producers and with the advancement of the water front, a great deal of the vertical producers were converted to short radius horizontals (SRH) that targeted the thin oil column behind the flood front.

The oil was sourced from Jurassic organic-rich lime mudstones, which were laid down in intershelf basins. The integrity of the thick anhydrite top seal is enhanced by the general absence of faults in the Jurassic section. The main oil reservoir is the Upper Jurassic Arab-D limestone, which improves upward from mudstone to skeletal-oolitic grainstone, reflecting successive upward-shoaling cycles. The excellent reservoir quality is due to the preservation of the primary porosity, the enhancement of permeability, and the presence of fractures in the deeper and tighter parts. The oil was sourced exclusively from Jurassic organic-rich mudstones and is effectively sealed beneath massive anhydrite. The general absence of faults at the Arab-D level maintained seal integrity.
A Novel Approach for the Controlling of Whole Mud Losses while Encountering Productive Formations
Authors: Fuller George A. , Serio Michael , Trahan Jared , Langlinais Joey
Published: February 2010

The drilling industry routinely encounters formations with pore pressures that are lower than anticipated. In some cases, these pore pressures require specialized treatments to control the loss of whole drilling fluid. A massive loss of whole drilling fluids, whether water-based or oil-based, can be costly, result in nonproductive time (NPT), and if encountered near potential productive zones, also result in damage to the producing capability once completion has been performed. Key wellbore data, such as actual hole size versus drilled hole size, accurate bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT), and placement technique with optimum bottomhole assembly (BHA) for accurate placement of treatment design is critical for job success.

Placing a successful treatment for the control of whole mud losses and to minimize possible formation damage can be a complex and often expensive undertaking. Numerous solutions have been identified in the industry ranging from effective bridging or lost circulation material (LCM) incorporated in the mud to complete process solutions such as crosslinked fluid structures to ultimate cement slurries. The damage that is left as a result of the fluids pumped is a major disadvantage of most systems.

This paper presents a novel approach using a rigid setting fluid (RSF) that can be engineered to maintain a low viscosity during placement and activate by temperature to transition from a fluid to a set state almost immediately to effectively control further losses to the formation. In addition, using the right angle set (RAS) created by the exothermic reaction, the system can tolerate contamination of extraneous fluids up to 50% and still provide adequate compressive strength. Lastly, the material is soluble in acid with a predicted 99% regained permeability. A case history will be presented where the RSF treatment was used and effectively controlled, eliminating further whole mud losses to the weak formation.
Single-Stage Chemical Treatment for Oil-Based Mudcake Cleanup: Field Case and Laboratory Studies
Authors: Al-Otaibi M. A. , BinMoqbil K. H. , Al-Rabba A. S. , Abitrabi A. N.
Published: February 2010

Formation damage minimization and removal are important factors in enhancing field productivity and achieving targeted production rate. While formation damage is anticipated during drilling, an effective wellbore cleanup fluid becomes essential to remove mud damage and enhance well productivity. Filter cake layer created by drilling fluid can impair production considerably and should be removed prior to production using an effective treatment. Filter cake can be removed using a chemically designed filter cake removal treatment. The design of the treatment requires considerations of mud type and reservoir conditions. Also, it is important to consider the compatibility aspect of the treatment fluid with formation fluids and drill-in fluid base oil. Incompatible fluids result in precipitation which leads to further formation damage.

In Saudi Arabia, many sandstone reservoirs are drilled with invert emulsion drill-in fluid to avoid the risk of clays swelling, which can lead to hole sloughing and formation damage. However, production impairment due to mud damage effect was observed in some horizontal wells drilled with invert emulsion drill-in fluid and completed with stand-alone screens as a result of improper mud managemet. After being put on production, their production rates have been reduced significantly with time. The decrease in production was related to screen blockage and mud cake impairment. A newly developed single-stage treatment was spotted and soaked to remove oil based mud cake and screen blockage. A significant sustained improvement in production was noticed and flowback solids indicated removal of screen blockage and mud cake.

Lab studies were conducted at reservoir simulated conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The study covered testing the treatment filter cake removal efficiency, return permeability tests with reservoir core samples, and compatibility tests with formation fluids and drill-in fluid base oil. This paper will discuss in detail the laboratory work conducted and the successful field treatment performed.
Water-Control Management Technologies: A Review of Successful Chemical Technologies in the Last Two Decades
Authors: Jaripatke O. , Dalrymple D.
Published: February 2010

Completion technologies and programs have had significant improvements throughout the last two decades. But water-production problems associated with channeling, cross flow, and coning still prevail in many areas. In addition to undesirable effects of the water on the surface and subsurface equipment, the cost of handling the water in producing wells can seriously reduce the profitability of the well. Diagnosing the causes of water-control problems has long been a major hurdle to operational economics.

In the past two decades, water-control technologies have also evolved and developed significantly. This paper is a review of those technologies. It covers the gamut of water-control-related problems that can arise during the life of a well. A decision-matrix chart depicting types of water-control problems with the appropriate water-control technology is given. Case-history references for each solution category are also presented. The paper classifies different types of water-production problems keyed by their onset mechanisms. It also presents a review of the methods and limitations of the current water-control processes. A special emphasis is placed on the description of solutions to the water-control problems that are linked to hydraulic-fracture stimulation of reservoirs. The paper discusses the water-control management issues in the following categories: (1) prediagnostic evaluation, (2) problem identification, (3) diagnostic evaluation, (4) treatment-design considerations, (5) chemical water-control technologies, and (6) case-history references for each problem-solution category.

Information presented in this paper will provide a completion engineer a good understanding of the range of water-control issues and give a methodical approach to selecting appropriate and optimum solutions that have evolved in the last two decades.