bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dibujando el espacio: modelos de aprendizaje colaborativo para alumnos y profesores
Authors: Salgado de la Rosa Maria Asunción , Raposo Grau Javier Fco. , Butragueño Díaz-Guerra Belén
Published: November 2022

The return to face-to-face teaching has served to value those social dynamics that foster a climate of collaborative learning within the classroom. We defined collaborative learning as a set of activities that transcend the practice of work in group, committing the collaboration of students and teachers in achieving common goals. After many years of putting into practice a teaching methodology focused on the creative learning of architectural drawing, we discovered that this collaborative model could be extrapolated to other learning environments. Throughout this text, it is tried to demonstrate how the teaching experience experienced after several years of teaching in degree, has been consolidated as a pedagogical procedure supported by verified teaching approaches that are transportable to other university areas as advanced as the teaching of Master.

La vuelta a la docencia presencial, ha servido para poner en valor aquellas dinámicas sociales que fomentan un clima de aprendizaje colaborativo dentro del aula. Entendemos como aprendizaje colaborativo, un conjunto de actividades que trascienden la práctica del trabajo grupal, comprometiendo la colaboración de alumnos y profesores en la consecución de unos objetivos comunes. Después de muchos años de puesta en práctica de una metodología docente enfocada al aprendizaje creativo del dibujar arquitectónico, descubrimos que este modelo colaborativo era extrapolable a otros entornos de aprendizaje. A lo largo de este texto, se trata de demostrar como la experiencia docente experimentada tras varios años en grado, se ha consolidado como un procedimiento pedagógico apoyado en aproximaciones docentes verificadas que son transportables a otros ámbitos universitarios tan avanzados como la docencia de Máster.
Rituales culinarios: una investigación virtual piloto para una pedagogía emocional
Authors: Sánchez Llorens Mara , Garrido López Fermina , Huarte Maria Jesús
Published: November 2022

Culinary rituals and their associated spaces are a pretext to propose a line of a collaborative study of end-of-cycle projects that relies on travel as a research tool. In April 2021, a team of European and Latina American women, seven architects, an art historian and an artist, initiated a virtual collaborative symposium with this shared theme, culinary rituals. The pilot experience generated a learning community diverse in its geolocation and approaches, and the builder of web space for architectural practice is still active. The virtual meetings built an innovative space for architectural research practice. This experience took as a case study the kitchen, a traditionally feminine place of action, based on the culinary rituals discovered while travelling. Through the idea of travel, we move from a teaching of the effect to the affective. 

Los rituales culinarios y sus espacios asociados son un pretexto para plantear una línea de estudio colaborativo de trabajos fin de ciclo que se apoya en el viajar como herramienta de investigación. En abril de 2021 un equipo de mujeres, siete arquitectas, una historiadora del arte y una pintora, residentes en Europa y Latinoamérica, inician un simposio colaborativo virtual con este tema compartido denominado rituales culinarios. La experiencia piloto generó una comunidad de aprendizaje diversa en su geolocalización y enfoques, y constructora de un espacio en la red para la práctica arquitectónica aún activa. Los encuentros virtuales construyeron un espacio innovador para la práctica investigadora arquitectónica. Esta experiencia tomó como caso de estudio la cocina, un lugar de acción tradicionalmente femenino, a partir de los rituales culinarios descubiertos al viajar. A través de la idea del viaje, transitamos de una docencia de lo efectivo a una enseñanza en lo afectivo.
Los concursos para estudiantes: análisis de los resultados desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Camino Olea María Soledad , Alonso García Eusebio , Bellido Pla Rosa , Cabeza Prieto Alejandro
Published: November 2022

At the University of Valladolid there is a Teaching Innovation Group (GID) formed by professors from the areas of construction and architectural projects with the aim of collaborating and tutoring students who decide to submit a proposal to the various competitions organized for students. In principle, it was intended to promote transversality and train students for their professional future. Later other objectives such as accessibility and energy efficiency were introduced, but there was no approach related to the gender perspective, because it was not necessary as it was it was already implicit in the actions that were carried out. But in view of the fact that there is a concern, both in university and professional areas, on the subject, it seemed appropriate to make a study of the results of the teaching innovation project, from this point of view.

En la Universidad de Valladolid hay un Grupo de Innovación Docente (GID) formado por profesorado de las áreas de construcciones y proyectos arquitectónicos con el objetivo de colaborar y tutorar a las/los estudiantes que deciden presentarse a los diversos concursos que se convocan para el estudiantado. En principio, se pretendía fomentar la transversalidad y formar a las/los estudiantes para su futuro profesional. Posteriormente se introdujeron otros objetivos como la accesibilidad y la eficiencia energética, pero no había ningún planteamiento relacionado con la perspectiva de género, por entender que no era necesario porque ya estaba implícito en las actuaciones que se realizaban. Pero a la vista de que hay una preocupación, tanto en ámbitos universitarios como profesionales, sobre el tema ha parecido oportuno hacer un estudio de los resultados del proyecto de innovación docente, desde este punto de vista.
Una experiencia de aprendizaje en un máster arquitectónico basada en un proyecto al servicio de la comunidad
Authors: Zamora i Mestre Joan-Lluís , Serra Fabregà Raül
Published: November 2022

Esta experiencia que aquí se presenta viene propiciada por la concurrencia de diversas oportunidades que han facilitado el desencadenamiento de un proceso de aprendizaje que ha incorporado simultáneamente aspectos de ApS (aprendizaje y servicio), AV (aula virtual) y ACCA (aprendizaje colaborativo) en un entorno de educación arquitectónico. La experiencia no surge de un proceso reflexivo cosciente sino fruto de una demanad oportuna que permitió enlazar aspectos docentes innovadores que habían sido rodados anteriormente. La experiencia se ha desarrollado en un contexto temporal y espacial muy reducido, pero presenta aspectos potencialmente escalables para ser repetida en otras circunstancias menos excepcionales.

This learning experience was developed on a spring semester course during the academic year 2020-21, in the framework of an architectural master’s programme, and was propitiated by the competition of various opportunities that have facilitated the triggering of a learning process that has simultaneously incorporated aspects of SL (service learning), VC (virtual classroom), CL (collaborative learning) and PBL (project-based learning). The focus of the experience was to redesign the hall of an academic institution and therefore started from the premise of recreating an identity and exhibition space in an educational building. The experience does not arise from a conscious reflective process, but rather the result of a timely demand that allowed linking innovative teaching aspects that had been shot previously. This experience has been developed in a very limited temporal and spatial context, propitiated by COVID19, but it has potentially scalable aspects to be repeated in other less exceptional circumstances.

Esta experiencia de aprendizaje se desarrolló en una asignatura semestral de primavera durante el curso académico 2020-21, en el marco de un programa de postgrado en arquitectura. La concurrencia de diversas oportunidades facilitó el desencadenamiento de un proceso formativo que incorporaba simultáneamente aspectos de las metodologías de AyS (aprendizaje y servicio), AV (aula virtual), AC (aprendizaje colaborativo) y ABP (aprendizaje basado en proyectos). El caso  de estudio fue rediseñar el hall de una institución académica de la propia universidad y la premisa del encargo fue recrear un espacio de identidad y exhibición en el propio edificio educativo. La experiencia no surgió pues de un proceso reflexivo consciente previo, sino más bien del resultado de una demanda oportuna que permitió vincular aspectos didácticos innovadores que ya se habían experimentado parcialmente con anterioridad. Esta experiencia se ha desarrollado en un contexto excepcional propiciado por el COVID19, pero tiene aspectos potencialmente escalables para repetirse en otras circunstancias menos singulares.
La casa que habito
Authors: Pérez García Diego , Loyola Lizama Ignacio
Published: November 2022

This text summarizes the methodology used and some considerations derived from the experience of Taller de Arquitectura I (Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción) in order to reflect about this inevitable intersection between canonical architecture and anonymous work always present in the domestic project. Usually, when we study the house, the review of author’s architecture is opposed to the experiences of the buildings, mostly anonymous, that we inhabit. Space, site, and program are the teaching contents on which the student reflects, following Kahn’s logic, understanding the room as the basic unit of all architecture. The result is a collection of singular architectures, where each student, through the addition of rooms, with order, meaning and coherence, react over his/her own decisions. Thus, the professors conduct the design process towards a variety of results which the student is capable of understanding and, therefore, explain.

El presente texto resume la metodología empleada y algunas consideraciones derivadas de la experiencia del Taller de Arquitectura I (Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción) con el fin de reflexionar acerca de este inevitable cruce entre la arquitectura canónica y la obra anónima presente siempre en el proyecto doméstico. Generalmente, cuando estudiamos la casa, la revisión de arquitectura de autor se contrapone a la experiencia de las construcciones, mayoritariamente anónimas, que habitamos. Espacio, lugar y programa son los contenidos docentes sobre los cuales el estudiante reflexiona, siguiendo la lógica de Kahn, entendiendo la habitación como unidad básica de toda arquitectura. El resultado es una colección de arquitecturas singulares, donde cada estudiante, a través de la adición de habitaciones con orden, sentido y coherencia, reacciona a sus propias decisiones. Así, el profesorado conduce la didáctica proyectual hacia unos resultados variados que el alumno es capaz de comprender y, por tanto, explicar.
Hacia adentro
Authors: Capomaggi Sequenzia Maria Julia
Published: November 2022

The interior is a core concept of architecture, and in turn, constitutes its most fragile area, an area that can be altered and adapted to stylistic, temporal, social, climatic, economic and use changes. The interior becomes a field of disciplinary expansion to explore both purely compositional factors and thermodynamic conditions that activate new ecologies through formal and material configurations.

El interior es un concepto nuclear de la arquitectura, y a su vez, constituye el ámbito más frágil de la misma, un ámbito que puede alterarse y adaptarse a los cambios estilísticos, temporales, sociales, climáticos, económicos y de usos.  El interior se vuelve un campo de expansión disciplinar para explorar tanto factores puramente compositivos como condiciones termodinámicas que activen nuevas ecologías a través de configuraciones formales y materiales.
Comunicación y dibujo: experiencia de un modelo de aprendizaje autónomo
Authors: González-Gracia Elena , Pinto Puerto Francisco
Published: November 2022

Learning autonomy involves the student as an active agent, makes them assume a dynamic role in the classroom and take responsibility for their learning. Their ideas are the protagonists of the sessions and the teacher limits himself to the prior construction of the experience and its coordination. In this way, students take advantage of their potential development, use their prior knowledge, their intuitive-reflective capacity and the feedback they receive in the classroom. This communication presents a teaching innovation model based on this didactic principle, put into practice in the subject of Drawing 1. Geometry and perception, with students who have just arrived at the Seville School of Architecture. This model includes compare and contrast activities, problem-based learning, and actions to evaluate and verify results.

La autonomía de aprendizaje conlleva que el estudiante sea un agente activo, asuma un papel dinamizador en el aula y se responsabilice de su aprendizaje. Sus ideas juegan un papel protagonista en las sesiones y el profesor se ciñe a la construcción previa de la experiencia y a coordinarla. De esta forma se exprime el desarrollo potencial de los estudiantes, que aprovechan al máximo sus conocimientos previos, su capacidad intuitivo-reflexiva y la retroalimentación que se produce en el aula. En esta comunicación se presenta un modelo de innovación docente basado en este principio didáctico, puesto en práctica en la asignatura de Dibujo 1. Geometría y percepción con los estudiantes recién llegados a la Escuela de Arquitectura de Sevilla. Este modelo incluye actividades de contraste, el aprendizaje basado en problemas y la programación de acciones para evaluar y verificar los resultados.
Taller Integrado: articulando práctica y teoría desde una apuesta curricular
Authors: Fuentealba Quilodrán Jessica , Barrientos Díaz Macarena
Published: November 2022

The communication presents a critical and reflective approach to the Integrated Studio (2012) of the School of Architecture developed in the University of Valparaíso, Chile. This curricular proposal, as remarkable as atypical in times of generalized homologation, seeks to underline the centrality of the studio as a space that allows, from the curricular structure, the widespread desire to integrate theory and practice, focusing on the diverse contributions related to project based learning. In an education system governed by liberal dynamics and diversity in the disciplinary educational offer, the case of IT is unprecedented and it is characterized by dimensions such as interdisciplinarity and self-regulation, internal organization and the need of harmonization with university structures.

La comunicación presenta una mirada crítica y reflexiva en torno a la propuesta curricular del Taller Integrado (2012) de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile. Esta apuesta curricular, reseñable y atípica en tiempos de homologación generalizada, busca subrayar la centralidad del taller de proyectos como un espacio que permite desde el plan de estudios, garantizar el extendido anhelo de integrar teoría y práctica, focalizando las diversas aportaciones de ello en torno al aprendizaje por proyecto. En un sistema de educación que se rige bajo dinámicas del libre mercado y que presenta diversidad en la oferta formativa disciplinar, el caso del TI es inédito y sugiere un set de dimensiones de base, como la interdisciplinariedad y autorregulación, la organización interna y la necesaria armonización con estructuras universitarias.
Atmósfera de resultados cualitativos sobre el aprendizaje por competencias en España
Authors: Santalla Blanco Luis Manuel
Published: November 2022

A tool for the analysis of quantitative and qualitative is formulated by data obtained from interviews and questionnaires carried out with more than 1,200 architecture students and 220 qualified professionals. The questionnaires seek to provide main lacks of information relating students and professionals. It deals with the learning cycle, starting with the curriculum proposal and ending with the professional qualification. The aim is to create a teaching control system and a repository of information as a comparative tool between schools of architecture, flexible to environmental and regulatory changes. The tool formulated allows the visualisation of the data obtained graphically even in multiple dimensions, on a time basis in which the current teaching indicators are studied and new indicators are proposed, appropriate to the system of learning by competences.

Se formula una herramienta de análisis de los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos obtenidos en entrevistas y cuestionarios realizados a más de 1.200 estudiantes de arquitectura y a 220 profesionales habilitados. Los cuestionarios tratan de aportar la falta de información relativa a los estudiantes y a los profesionales. Se trata el ciclo de aprendizaje comenzando por la propuesta de plan de estudios y terminando en la habilitación profesional. Con esto, se pretende crear un sistema de control de la enseñanza y un repositorio de información comparable entre escuelas de arquitectura, flexible a cambios ambientales y normativos. La herramienta formulada permite la visualización de los datos obtenidos de forma gráfica, incluso en múltiples dimensiones, sobre una base temporal en la que se estudian los indicadores de la enseñanza actuales y sobre la cual se proponen nuevos indicadores adecuados al sistema de aprendizaje por competencias.
La universidad en la calle: el Taller Integral de Arquitectura Autogobierno (1973-1985)
Authors: Martín López Lucía , Durán López Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

This article is part of a series of historical investigations that discuss the teaching traditions in Mexico. It is based on the original bibliographic review of the Autogobierno and on an interview with one of the main teachers of the movement, Carlos González Lobo. It briefly describes the socio-political context and the process of formation of the movement and emphasizes the contents, teaching methods and results of its Integral Studios developed between 1973 and 1985.

Este artículo forma parte del conjunto de investigaciones históricas que reflexionan en torno a las tradiciones docentes en México. Se basa en la revisión bibliográfica original del Autogobierno y en la realización de una entrevista a uno de los docentes protagonistas del movimiento, Carlos González Lobo. Describe brevemente el contexto sociopolítico y el proceso de formación del movimiento y hace énfasis en los contenidos, métodos de enseñanza y resultados de sus Talleres Integrales desarrollados entre 1973 y 1985.
Inteligencia colaborativa y realidad extendida: nuevas estrategias de visualización
Authors: Galleguillos Negroni Valentina , Mazzarini Watts Piero , Quintanilla Chala José
Published: November 2022

From the experience gained since the beginning of the pandemic, we can affirm that not everything can be taught online or everything in person. Now, there is a gap that it is important to identify in a teaching that articulates the fase-to-face-online and to know the optimal dosaje to guarantee quality training. Everything indicates that both systems should converse in a hybrid methodology, or, better said, balanced or harmonized. The challenge is to define the proportion of each thing, both in time and intensity. It seems that, in the conquest of this necessary balance or harmony, “collaborative intelligence” offers unsuspected rules of the game. Increasingly we can find this questioning in various institutions around the world and not only referred to the field of architecture education but in all those áreas in which, in the transition from knowing to doing, they seek new meanings.

De la experiencia aquilatada desde el comienzo de la pandemia podemos afirmar que no se puede enseñar todo online o todo de forma presencial. Ahora bien, hay una brecha que es importante identificar en una enseñanza que articule lo presencial-online y saber la dosificación óptima para garantizar una formación de calidad. Todo indica que deberían conversar ambos sistemas en una metodología híbrida, o, mejor dicho, equilibrada o armonizada. El desafío está en definir la proporción de cada cosa, tanto en tiempo como en intensidad. ¡Pareciera ser que, en la conquista de éste necesario equilibrio o armonía, la “inteligencia colaborativa! Ofrece insospechadas reglas del juego. Cada vez más podemos encontrar este cuestionamiento en diversas instituciones en todo el mundo y no sólo referido al ámbito de la enseñanza de la arquitectura, sino en todos aquellos ámbitos en los que, en el tránsito del saber al hacer, buscan nuevos significados.
Aprendizaje transversal: una arquitectura de coexistencia entre lo antrópico y lo biótico
Authors: García Triviño Francisco , Otegui  Vicens Idoia
Published: November 2022

The pedagogical project presented here deals with how architecture students in the second year of the Architectural Projects subject have developed an architecture mainly for non-human sentient animals and where humans occasionally become part of it. A small-scale construction, in a "natural" context but strongly anthropized and close to the city, the Henares River. To achieve this goal, the importance of project-based learning, focused on breaking pre-established habits, as well as cooperative learning with students from other disciplines, specifically with two subjects of two grades, is highlighted; Zoology of the degree of Biology and Fauna of the Iberian Peninsula of the degree of Environment, with whom has been working to reach agreements and results where the knowledge of each career can be reflected.

El proyecto pedagógico que aquí se presenta trata cómo los estudiantes de Arquitectura de segundo curso de la asignatura de Proyectos arquitectónicos han desarrollado una arquitectura principalmente para animales sintientes no humanos y donde los humanos entran a formar parte de ella puntualmente. Una construcción de pequeña escala en un contexto “natural” pero fuertemente antropizado y cercano a la ciudad, el río Henares. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se destaca tanto la importancia de un aprendizaje basado en proyectos, centrado en romper hábitos preestablecidos, como de un aprendizaje cooperativo con estudiantes de otras disciplinas, -en concreto con dos asignaturas de dos grados; Zoología de Campo del grado de Biología y Fauna de la Península Ibérica del grado de Medio Ambiente, con quienes se ha trabajado para alcanzar acuerdos y resultados donde los conocimientos no propios se vean reflejados.
Fenomenografías arquitectónicas: el diseño de cajas impregnadas de afectividad
Authors: Ríos Vizcarra Gonzalo , Aguayo Muñoz Amaro Antonio , Calcino-Cáceres María Alejandra , Villanueva Paredes Karen Soledad
Published: November 2022

Based on a phenomenological approach, this current communication seeks to showcase the experiences of an architectural project studio. Building on the potential found on the topic of affective atmospheres, freshman students were prompted to take notice on the effect architectural space can have on the state of mind of those influenced by it, a set of exercises were put forward in order to produce some intended affective states by manipulating various atmospheric components. Manufactured ‘visual experience boxes’, consisting of scenic scale representations, were proposed as an operational tool. These phenomenographies enabled the gathering of quantifiable information on the subjective experience of every student that had been visually exposed to the atmospheres produced inside the boxes, as well as intersubjective information on the correlation regarding the meanings given to each of these experiences, thus revealing the emotional relevance of the existing space between the architectural object and the viewer.

La presente comunicación busca visibilizar la experiencia de un taller de proyectos arquitectónicos sostenido por un enfoque fenomenológico. A partir de la potencialidad que se encontró en el tema de las atmósferas se buscó que estudiantes de primer año adviertan las capacidades que tiene el espacio arquitectónico para afectar anímicamente a las personas que se encuentran bajo su influencia y a partir de allí proponer ejercicios manipulando los diferentes componentes atmosféricos para generar estados afectivos intencionados. Como instrumento operativo se propuso la construcción de cajas de experiencias visuales a manera de representaciones escénicas a escala. Estas fenomenografías permitieron obtener información cuantificable sobre la experiencia subjetiva de cada estudiante al ser expuesto visualmente a las atmósferas generadas al interior de las cajas, así como también información intersubjetiva sobre las coincidencias en cuanto a los significados atribuidos a cada una de estas experiencias, revelando así la importancia anímica de una realidad intermedia existente entre el objeto arquitectónico y el espectador.
Laboratorio de Elementos: aprendiendo de la disección de la arquitectura
Authors: Escobar Contreras Patricio , Jara Venegas Ana Eugenia , Moraga Herrera Nicolás , Ortega Torres Patricio
Published: November 2022

A laboratory is defined as a place equipped with the necessary means to carry out research, experimentation and diagnostic procedures on a case, under controlled conditions. If we establish that in architecture our case is the project, we could consider that the definition of laboratory is close to what we know as studio. From this perspective, the second year teaching team of the School of Architecture at Universidad San Sebastián proposes the Laboratory of Elements (LdE) as an instance of experimental pedagogy, in which the learning process is developed methodologically through the practice of dissection, where the architectural project is sectioned to study its fundamental parts and then, through iterations and experimental applications, make them protagonists of the design process.

Un laboratorio se define como aquel lugar dotado de los medios necesarios para llevar a cabo procedimientos de investigación, experimentación y diagnóstico en torno a un caso, bajo condiciones controladas. Si establecemos que en arquitectura nuestro caso es el proyecto, podríamos considerar que la definición de laboratorio es próxima a lo que conocemos como taller. Desde esta posición, el equipo docente de segundo año de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad San Sebastián plantea el Laboratorio de Elementos (LdE) como una instancia de pedagogía experimental, en la cual el proceso de aprendizaje se desarrolla metodológicamente mediante la práctica de la disección, donde el proyecto de arquitectura es seccionado para estudiar sus partes fundamentales y posteriormente, mediante iteraciones y aplicaciones experimentales, hacerlas protagonistas del proceso de diseño.
La madera (del material al territorio): docencia vinculada con el medio
Authors: Jara Venegas Ana Eugenia , Prado Lamas Tomas
Published: November 2022

The forestry character of southern Chile and how this generates values associated with the timber industry, architecture and communities, has defined the agenda of the Practice Studio of the Universidad San Sebastian’s Architecture School. It seeks to understand and promote the reciprocal and systematic relationship between academia, social organizations and the possibilities offered by the local industry. The Service-Learning methodology is used, as an architectural office, developing projects up to the detail stage so that they can later be applied for funds for their execution. It is expected to strengthen students' transversal skills, with a strong component of social responsibility, seeking to contribute to the country's problems with a national solution.

El carácter forestal del Sur de Chile y como ello genera valores asociados a la industria maderera, la arquitectura y las comunidades, ha definido la agenda del Taller de Práctica de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad San Sebastián. Se busca entender y fomentar la relación recíproca y sistemática entre academia, las organizaciones sociales y las posibilidades que ofrece la industria local. Se trabaja la metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio, a modo de estudio de arquitectura, desarrollando los proyectos hasta la etapa de detalles de modo que puedan ser postulados posteriormente a fondos para su ejecución. Se espera fortalecer en los estudiantes las habilidades transversales, con un fuerte componente de responsabilidad social, buscando aportar en problemas del país con una solución de país.
AppQuitectura: aplicación móvil para la gamificación en el área de Composición Arquitectónica
Authors: Soler Montellano Agatángelo , Cobeta Gutiérrez Íñigo , Flores Soto José Antonio , Sánchez Carrasco Laura
Published: November 2022

AppQuitectura is an educational innovation project conceived to design a mobile application which will be used as a reinforcement tool in the acquisition of architectural knowledge by students. Based on ICT and financed by the Polytechnic University of Madrid, it is being developed by a group of professors from the UPM Schools of Architecture and Computer Science. AppQ seeks to create an application for mobile platforms, with a Quiz game format, conceived as a teaching support for subjects belonging to the Architectural Composition Area of ​​the Fundamentals of Architecture Degree. This communication presents the strategic lines, the content and the graphic design of the project, developed during the spring of 2022. The usability test results and the approach to the second phase of the project are discussed in the communication entitled «AppQuitectura: initial results and next challenges».

AppQuitectura es un proyecto de innovación educativa consistente en el diseño de un videojuego que se usará como refuerzo en la adquisición de conocimientos arquitectónicos. Basado en las TIC y financiado por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, lo desarrolla un grupo de profesores/as de las escuelas de Arquitectura e Informática de la UPM. Persigue crear una aplicación para plataformas móviles, con formato de juego de preguntas y respuestas, concebida como apoyo docente de asignaturas pertenecientes al Área de Composición Arquitectónica del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura. Esta comunicación presenta las líneas estratégicas del proyecto, desarrolladas durante la primavera de 2022, así como su contenido y su diseño gráfico. Los primeros resultados del uso con estudiantes y el planteamiento de la segunda fase del proyecto se discuten en la comunicación titulada «AppQuitectura: primeros resultados y próximos retos».
Clinical meaning of serum trimethylamine oxide, N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide, hypoxia-inducible factor-1a and left ventricular function and pregnancy outcome in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Wu Ying , Wu Yue , Duan Lihong , Xiao Chunhui , Ren Zeya , Liang Yuntai
Published: November 2022

Background: To figure out the clinical meaning of serum trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) with left ventricular function and pregnancy outcome in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: From January 2018 to October 2020, 117 patients with gestational hypertension were taken as the research objects and grouped into the gestational hypertension (pregnancy-induced hypertension, 55 cases), mild preeclampsia (mild PE, 43 cases) and severe preeclampsia (severe PE, 19 cases) in the light of the severity of the disease. Analysis of the relation of serum TMAO, NT-proBNP and HIF-1a with the severity of disease and cardiac function indexes in patients with gestational hypertension was conducted. All patients were followed up to the end of pregnancy, and the predictive value of serum TMAO, NT-proBNP and HIF-1a on pregnancy outcome in patients was analyzed. Results: Serum TMAO and NT-proBNP of patients were elevated, while HIF-1a was reduced with the severity of the disease (P < 0.05). Serum TMAO and NT-proBNP in patients with gestational hypertension were positively correlated but HIF-1a was negatively correlated with the severity of the disease (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) were elevated in gestational hypertension patients, while ejection fraction (LVEF) was reduced with the severity of disease (P < 0.05). Serum TMAO, NT-proBNP and HIF1a were associated with LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF values in patients with gestational hypertension (P < 0.05). Serum TMAO and NT-proBNP were elevated but HIF-1a was reduced in patients with a poor pregnancy outcome (P < 0.05). The AUC of the combined detection of serum TMAO, NT-proBNP and HIF-1a on pregnancy outcome was greater (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Serum TMAO, NT-proBNP and HIF-1a in patients with gestational hypertension are associated with disease severity and cardiac function, and have predictive and evaluative values for disease severity and pregnancy outcome.
Correlation of Theory and Experiment: Hull Surface Pressures with a Cavitating Skewed Propeller (AO-177 Vessel)
Authors: Kaplan Paul , Bentson James
Published: November 2022

The results of analytical studies to predict the hull surface pressures on the AO-177 vessel are described, and comparisons are made with experimental model test data obtained in the large water tunnel at SSPA. Such comparisons are made for the basic ship-propeller design employing a seven-bladed skewed propeller, as well as the case of a modified wake flow field due to incorporating a fin system in the stern region. The basic theory is described in brief form, with the input data being the nominal wake velocity field and the propeller geometry, operating condition, etc.

A description of the computational procedures used is provided for the made with different analyzed test data results also illustrated. The results of the comparisons between theory and experiment showed d generally good agreement for the different cases of an intermittently cavitating propeller encountered on the AO-177, thereby supporting the use of this basic theoretical method for prediction and design guidance purposes related to unsteady cavitating propeller excitation problems.
Propeller Induced Velocities in Ducted Propellers
Authors: Luthra G. K.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of flow measurements in the nozzle opening of ducted propellers operating in both open and behind conditions. The open-water test measurements show the propeller induced velocities in nozzle opening differ from the results from conventional propeller measurements. It is shown that both can be correlated to the induced velocity calculated from momentum theory.

This correlation is expressed as a function of a modified advance coefficient which enables the results of propellers with a wide range of pitch/ diameter ratios to collapse into a single curve. This approach gives an accurate estimate of the effective speed of advance and/or the effective wake fraction of ducted propellers operating in the behind condition using the propeller thrust identity to interpret the open water propeller curves.
Studies of Different Measures for the Reduction of Propeller-Induced Pressure Pulses on the Ship Hull
Authors: Bjarne Eric
Published: November 2022

During more than 10 years propellers have been investigated by model tests in the SSPA large cavitation tunnel in which complete ship models can be mounted. This equipment made it possible to measure the pressure pulses on the hull induced by the cavitating propellers at correct geometric scaling. During these years great experience has been achieved also by full scale measurements and correlation studies.

Different procedures to reduce the pressure pulses and thus the corresponding vibration has been investigated. These measures include improvement of hull shape, applications of different kinds of aft body fins, vortex generators and nozzles and improvement of the propeller design by blade tip unloading and/or skew and also reduction of propeller diameter to increase blade tip clearance. The consequences of these modifications have in most cases also been investigated with regard to cavitation erosion and efficiency.
Long Term Roughness Measurements and Cavitation Erosion Observation on Ship Propellers
Authors: Meyne K. J. , Blaurock J. , Kohl H.
Published: November 2022

Over a period of 1.5 years roughness measurements ani other observations were made on more than 100 used marine propellers. The most surprising result was to find that the surfaces of the majority of these propellers had become smoother in service than they had been when originally delivered. In sea water propellers made on Mn Bronze produced clearly different, and less satisfactory, results than those made of Ni-Al Bronze. In fresh water, on the other hand, Mn Bronze propellers produced results that were virtually equally as good as those achieved by Ni-Al Bronze in sea water.

Investigations of the surfaces of new and used propellers by means of a scanning electron microscope revealed that a definite change occurs in the surface structure. The scratched finish on the surface of a propeller that is produced by grinding during manufacture disappears, leaving a surface having a smooth appearance.
Sigmoid colon plexiform neurofibroma as a colonic subepithelial mass: a case report
Authors: Baek Hee Won , Choi Eun Jeong , Yu Seung Jung , Kim Myeongpyo , Lee Sang Heon , Jee Sam Ryong , Baik Hyungjoo , Lee Hong Sub
Published: November 2022

Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is an uncommon benign tumor, usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. As most PNs involve the craniomaxillofacial region, PN of the colon is very rare. Here we present a case of PN involving the sigmoid colon. A 43-year-old male patient presented to the outpatient clinic for the evaluation of an incidentally discovered sigmoid colon mass. A colonoscopic biopsy was performed for the mass, and the result revealed neuronal proliferation. The patient visited the outpatient clinic a year later with symptoms of abdominal pain and stool caliber change. Biopsy was repeated for the sigmoid colon mass, and the results showed mucosal Schwann cell proliferation and S-100 immunostaining positivity. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed for further evaluation, and neurofibroma or schwannoma was suspected based on the imaging studies. For an accurate diagnosis, the patient underwent surgery to remove the sigmoid colon mass. The final diagnosis of the mass was confirmed as PN. We hereby report a rare case of PN involving the sigmoid colon that could not be diagnosed before surgery.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and brain morphology: Examining confounding bias
Authors: Dall'Aglio Lorenza , Kim Hannah H , Lamballais Sander , Labrecque Jeremy , Muetzel Ryan L , Tiemeier Henning
Published: November 2022

Background:

Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and brain morphology have been reported, although with several inconsistencies. These may partly stem from confounding bias, which could distort associations and limit generalizability. We examined how associations between brain morphology and ADHD symptoms change with adjustments for potential confounders typically overlooked in the literature (aim 1), and for the intelligence quotient (IQ) and head motion, which are generally corrected for but play ambiguous roles (aim 2).

Methods:

Participants were 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (N = 7722) and Generation R (N = 2531) Studies. Cortical area, volume, and thickness were measured with MRI and ADHD symptoms with the Child Behavior Checklist. Surface-based cross-sectional analyses were run.

Results:

ADHD symptoms related to widespread cortical regions when solely adjusting for demographic factors. Additional adjustments for socioeconomic and maternal behavioral confounders (aim 1) generally attenuated associations, as cluster sizes halved and effect sizes substantially reduced. Cluster sizes further changed when including IQ and head motion (aim 2), however, we argue that adjustments might have introduced bias.

Conclusions:

Careful confounder selection and control can help identify more robust and specific regions of associations for ADHD symptoms, across two cohorts. We provided guidance to minimizing confounding bias in psychiatric neuroimaging.

Funding:

Authors are supported by an NWO-VICI grant (NWO-ZonMW: 016.VICI.170.200 to HT) for HT, LDA, SL, and the Sophia Foundation S18-20, and Erasmus University and Erasmus MC Fellowship for RLM.
Environmental DNA from archived leaves reveals widespread temporal turnover and biotic homogenization in forest arthropod communities
Authors: Krehenwinkel Henrik , Weber Sven , Broekmann Rieke , Melcher Anja , Hans Julian , Wolf Rüdiger , Hochkirch Axel , Kennedy Susan Rachel , Koschorreck Jan , Künzel Sven , Müller Christoph , Retzlaff Rebecca , Teubner Diana , Schanzer Sonja , Klein Roland , Paulus Martin , Udelhoven Thomas , Veith Michael
Published: November 2022

A major limitation of current reports on insect declines is the lack of standardized, long-term, and taxonomically broad time series. Here, we demonstrate the utility of environmental DNA from archived leaf material to characterize plant-associated arthropod communities. We base our work on several multi-decadal leaf time series from tree canopies in four land use types, which were sampled as part of a long-term environmental monitoring program across Germany. Using these highly standardized and well-preserved samples, we analyze temporal changes in communities of several thousand arthropod species belonging to 23 orders using metabarcoding and quantitative PCR. Our data do not support widespread declines of α-diversity or genetic variation within sites. Instead, we find a gradual community turnover, which results in temporal and spatial biotic homogenization, across all land use types and all arthropod orders. Our results suggest that insect decline is more complex than mere α-diversity loss, but can be driven by β-diversity decay across space and time.
Evidence of microplastics in water and commercial fish from a high-altitude mountain lake (Lake Titicaca)
Authors: Loayza Erick , Trigoso Barrientos Amaya C. , Janssens Geert P.J.
Published: November 2022

Microplastic pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Like other anthropogenic pollutants, microplastics can reach aquatic ecosystems through rivers and interact with the aquatic biota. For instance, Lake Titicaca (between Bolivia and Peru), one of the great ancient lakes in South America (3,809 m a.s.l.), shows a pollution problem, particularly in the southern shallow basin (Lago Menor) in Bolivia. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the presence of microplastics and their interaction with the biota of Lake Titicaca is limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of microplastics in the stomach content of the four fish species targeted by local fisheries in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca (Orestias luteus, Orestias agassizii, Trichomycterus dispar, and Odonthestes bonariensis; N = 1,283), and looked for relationships with trophic guilds or fishing areas. Additionally, surface water was analyzed to evaluate the presence of microplastics in the water. The evaluation of microplastics was carried out by visual observations. We observed that the frequency of microplastic ingestion was low in all species (<5%). Conversely, microplastic was present in the water, with the highest quantity at the southern part of Lago Menor (103 ± 20 particles per L), without differences in the microplastic number between sites. Most microplastics counted in stomach contents were fibers, whereas water samples mainly contained fragments. Our results point to microplastic pollution in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca. However, we could not determine the pollution rate due to considerable methodological limitations. Further research will be needed to robustly detect microplastics in Lake Titicaca and their impact on the fish species in the lake.
Feeding ecology of invasive lionfish in the Punta Frances MPA, Cuba: insight into morphological features, diet and management
Authors: del Río Laura , Navarro-Martínez Zenaida María , Ruiz-Abierno Alexei , Chevalier-Monteagudo Pedro Pablo , Angulo-Valdes Jorge A. , Rodriguez-Viera Leandro
Published: November 2022

Cuba’s shelf has been invaded by lionfish (Pterois volitans/Pterois miles), which have become established over the archipelago, including areas of natural importance. The present study aims to evaluate morphometric features of lionfish and to explore the relationship between lionfish size and diet composition in different habitats in the Punta Frances National Park, Cuba. In total 620 lionfish were captured at 29 sites between 2013 and 2016. Lionfish stomachs were removed and their contents were analyzed using frequency and numerical methods. The length-weight allomentric relationship was obtained, and a decrease in lionfish sizes was shown over time, likely due to the extractions carried out. The diet was composed by fishes, crustaceans, mollusks and phytobenthos, with a predominance of fishes. Lionfish caught in seagrass beds tended to be smaller in size and consumed fewer fishes and more crustaceans than those captured in coral reefs. A positive correlation was observed between lionfish body size and gape size; however, no significant correlation was detected between lionfish body size and prey size. Larger lionfish tended to consume more fishes, while crustaceans were more significant in the diet of juvenile lionfish. This is the first study that examines the feeding habits of lionfish in the Punta Frances MPA, and provides valuable information on lionfish inhabiting this MPA across four years of sampling. Furthermore, this research may serve as a baseline for subsequent evaluations of lionfish impact and management actions in the area.
Clinical Outcome of Breast Conservation Surgery in Early Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Varudkar Anagha S , Khan Abdul Vakil Mohd Nasir , Athar Junaid
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Breast conservation surgery (BCS) has gained acceptance among the surgeons for the management of young patients with early breast cancer. Aim: To study the outcomes of breast conservation surgery in early breast cancer patients at a tertiary care centre in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study included 40 patients in the age group of 20-65 years with stage I or stage II breast cancer was carried out in Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, India. Once staging workup was done, all patients were evaluated for suitability of BCS. Surgical treatment consisted of wide local excision and axillary dissection with gross tumour surgical margin of 2 cm. Surgical morbidity like prolonged seroma formation, surgical site infection, haematoma, lymphoedema was assessed postoperatively. Pathological assessment included primary tumour size, histological type, margin status. Radiotherapy was given to all patients. Chemotherapy was used where indicated with the appropriate regimen. All patients were followed up at three months, six months and 12 months. Cosmetic outcome was assessed by Harris four point Likert Scale. Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: In this study; 28 (70%) patients had no postoperative wound complications. About 4 (10%) had surgical site infection, and 8 (20%) had prolonged seroma formation. Out of 40 patients, 37 (92.5%) patients postoperatively had all the margins free from the disease on histopathology, 2 (5%) had single margin positive which required revision surgery, and 1 (2.5%) had all the margins positive; hence Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) was performed. The cosmetic outcome was good to excellent in 34 (85%) cases. Conclusion: Breast conserving surgery had a good cosmetic outcome. Most patients had disease free margins.