bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of the Criminal Law Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure of the Russian Federation
Authors: Mosechkin Ilya
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the problems of improving criminal law norms regulating liability for unlawful impact on critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation. The urgency of the research topic is connected with a growing number of such crimes and the recent adoption of Art. 274.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. According to statistics, the number of attacks against critical information infrastructure is extremely high, however, a considerably smaller number of incidents are registered as crimes. One of the reasons behind this situation is the inadequacy of Art. 274.1 of the CC of the RF. The author draws attention to the fact that Part 1 of Art. 274.1 of the CC of the RF does not meet the criteria for criminalization, and its legal construction hinders the effective work of investigation and court bodies’ employees. As a result, this widespread publicly dangerous act is not duly reflected in judicial and investigation practice. At the same time, the current Art. 273 of the CC of the RF has considerable potential for including unlawful creation, dissemination and (or) use of any computer software in relation to critical information infrastructure or information contained in it. The author notes that the concept used in the current edition of Art. 274.1 of the CC of the RF «harm to the critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation» is non-specific, and leads to delays, mistakes and confusion in legal practice. The article proves that Parts 2 and 3 of Art. 274.1 of the CC of the RF could ensure better liaison with other legal acts if their dispositions included the categories «computer attack» and «computer incident». The introduction of the above-mentioned attributes could also contribute to the consistency of court practice and the elimination of ambiguous interpretations. The analysis of the subjective side of crimes under Art. 274.1 of the CC of the RF allowed the author to conclude that mercenary motivation and the goal of concealing or aiding another crime should be viewed as qualifying features. To prove this position, the author points out that these features are wide-spread and used for the construction of corpus delicti of other crimes, and also cites the opinions of legal scholars.
Digital Theft: Concept, Contents, Victims and Their Classification
Authors: Zhmurov Dmitry
Published: November 2023

The goal of the article is to develop some aspects in the theoretical basis of digital thefts’ victimology. A digital theft is understood as stealing digital identifiers, assets, utilitarian digital rights or technological resources through inputting, blocking and modifying computer information. A victim of digital theft is a physical (juridical) person who suffered property or other damage from the illegal seizure of the abovementioned intangible objects. The author suggests singling out the following types of victims, depending on the crimes:
1. Thefts of means of payment (electronic and cryptocurrency, token-actions, credit tokens). They are carried out by a third party gaining illegal access to the blockchain purse of the victim or unsanctioned transfers from it.
2. Thefts of information (passwords, access keys, personal identifiers, accounts, elements of a digital person). The main type of information to be compromised is the so-called governing information in its numerous forms.
3. Thefts of resources (computational capacities, traffic, electric energy). From the economic viewpoint, this is theft of key production capacities of the information era. This subgroup includes victims of computational capacities’ theft (unsanctioned use of the victim’s processor and appropriation of the capacities of personal computers without the knowledge of the user), internet traffic (tunnelling), electric energy (unlawful use of energy resources through unsanctioned connection to the network with the use of telecommunication technologies).
The author draws some conclusions regarding the spread of such crimes and the traditional risk groups among Internet users who run a higher chance of the type of victimization under analysis. The topic of digital thefts is considered to be highly urgent and relevant for complex research in the spheres of cybercriminology, cybercriminalistics and cybervictimology. This is of principal importance in the conditions of the digital transformation of the economy and criminalization of new actions infringing on the electronic means of payment (such as thefts from a bank account or other actions involving digital currency included in Part 3, Art. 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
The Problem of Using Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice
Authors: Ryabtseva Ekaterina
Published: November 2023

The problem of matching the possibilities and consequences of using artificial intelligence to the purpose of criminal proceedings and its principles is one of the key issues of the modern information society. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of artificial intelligence in criminal justice. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the essence of artificial intelligence was determined and its difference from the informatization of justice was shown; the experience of foreign countries regarding the use of artificial intelligence in justice was analyzed; international principles and norms of law governing the use of artificial intelligence in litigation were considered; the forms of using artificial intelligence in the consideration and resolution of a criminal case were analyzed. On the basis of the study, it was concluded that artificial intelligence cannot pass legal, reasonable and fair sentences due to its lack of legal consciousness, which is formed under the influence of various factors (objective, subjective, psychological, legal, logical, socio-historical, and others) that make it possible to come to a decision not through using an algorithm, but by assessing the totality of circumstances with their specific features in each criminal case. At present, it is possible to talk about the assistance of artificial intelligence to justice, but not about replacing traditional justice with it. Any intellectual system is the result of the accumulation of all available knowledge in a certain area, it is possible to promote artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings through the introduction of expert systems. The use of artificial intelligence as an auxiliary tool in the administration of justice is justified for some procedural actions in the court inquiry; in making resolutions, including for drafting court resolutions that have no legal force, but contribute to the administration of justice; for predicting court decisions, etc.
International Terrorism: Attributes and Forms
Authors: Kochoi Samvel , Kochoi Ron
Published: November 2023

The authors analyze the features of international terrorism. It is proven that international («external») terrorism should be recognized as an independent legal phenomenon, separate from the domestic («internal») terrorism. The authors agree with those researchers who consider international terrorism to be one of the varieties of terrorism, but believe that the suggested attributes of international terrorism should be modified. While the territorial attribute and the attribute of citizenship of the culprit generally do not raise any objections, the authors argue in support of their position regarding the specific features of the victims of international terrorism, they state that such features could be anything as long as they define a group of people that is different from the group to which the members of an international terrorist organization belong: religious, racial, ethnic, national, linguistic, political features, etc. Another attribute supported in the article is the recognition of the terrorist organization as an international one by the national judicial (law enforcement) bodies. This allows the authors to suggest that the current legislation of the Russian Federation should include a procedure for recognizing a terrorist organization as an international one. This suggestion takes into consideration the fact that the FSB, which keeps a Unified Federal List of Terrorist Organizations, differentiates between Russian, foreign and international terrorist organizations in its practical work.
The authors conclude that international terrorism is characterizes by such attributes as unlawfulness, territoriality, certain citizenship of the culprit and (or) the victim of terrorism, identification of the victim with certain groups of people, recognition of the subject of terrorism (terrorist organization) as an international one.
It is suggested that the Federal Law «On Counteracting Terrorism» should be supplemented by the norm that describes the concept of an «international terrorist organization».
It is proven that the recognition of a terrorist organization as an international one (or a foreign one) should be exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
As for the analysis of the forms of international terrorism, it is argued that the most dangerous ones are «Islamist» (religious) and «right» (racist, Nazi) terrorism.
Contemporary Russian Market of Services Prohibited for Civilian Circulation: Characteristics and Determinants
Authors: Repetskaya Anna
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the contemporary state of the market of criminal services prohibited for civilian circulation, and its modern determinants. The research is based upon statistical data from different state organizations that register the situation in the researched spheres, as well as expert assessments of leading Russian and foreign analytical companies and specialists involved in the analysis of the condition of the illegal services’ spheres. The author assessed the condition and development trends of some types of prohibited services — both recent (services of hackers, trade in personal data), and traditional (money laundering, forgery of documents, smuggling, corruption services, etc.). Key factors determining the development in this segment of criminal market are digitization of most processes of public life, their transition to the Internet, development of digital currencies and possibilities of using them as payment for prohibited services. The pandemic also had a correlating influence on the development of this market. The analysis showed that, at present, the criminal market of prohibited services is developing unevenly: there appear new, actively spreading types (services of hackers, trade in personal data); at the same time, some of the traditional services have undergone considerable changes in regards to the mechanisms of providing them, as well as the possibilities of finding them and paying for them with cryptocurrencies (money laundering, sexual services, corruption services, etc.). It allows such services not only to stay, but also to develop. Another part of traditional services is, on the contrary, losing its significance (contract killing and other violent methods). As for the raiding services, here the violent methods have been replaced by exploiting gaps in legislation together with criminal methods (fraud, forgery of documents and others), which make it possible to transfer other people’s property to the possession of the client. The author states that contemporary market of prohibited services is, on the whole, successful in evading social control in those spheres where the mechanisms of counteraction by the state are just being created. The virtualization of this market will intensify, which is considerably facilitated by the global digitization of public life.
Latency of High-Tech Crimes: Concept, Structure and Methods of Assessing its Level
Authors: Polyakov Vitaly
Published: November 2023

The detection and solving rates for high-tech crimes result in our insufficient knowledge about the true scale of high-tech crimes and hinders the organization of fighting them. The author discusses specific features and characteristics of high-tech crimes and offers an interpretation of the concept of their latency. Key factors influencing the latency of high-tech crimes are analyzed and main types of natural and artificial latency of such offences are identified. The author reveals and examines the factors that lead to a considerable increase in high-tech crime latency, including specific victimogenic factors. It is suggested that a coefficient reflecting the real contribution of hidden and concealed crimes to the actual criminality should be used for the quantitative assessment of latency rate for this group of crimes. The article presents a description of the specific features of methods and approaches used for the quantitative assessment of high-tech crime latency rate, including the me­thods of analogy, expert evaluation, and the information-comparison method. The difficulties of applying traditional methods of analyzing latency, specifically, methods of analyzing victimization, have been researched. The author presents the results of the expert evaluation method obtained by conducting a questionnaire for various groups of respondents. Special attention is paid to the necessity of developing new methods aimed at detecting high-tech crimes and providing a more accurate asses­sment of their latency. The Honeypot system is given as an example. It is concluded that high-tech crimes should be viewed as high latency crimes with an increasing negative trend for latency. The specific correlation between latency and public danger of these crimes is pointed out. The conducted research should contribute to organizing the counteraction to modern high-tech crimes. The obtained results could improve the effectiveness of criminalistic methods and recommendations used at the initial stage of investigating high-tech crimes and improve the rate of solving them.
Will the Human Clone be Recognized as an Actor of a Crime and as Its Victim?
Authors: Kibalnik Alexei
Published: November 2023

Cloning of various biological units has long been a reality of our time. But, starting with «Dolly the Sheep» — the first officially presented cloned organism, society thought about the achievability of the «final» result of genetic engineering — the appearance of a human clone. In the political and scientific circles of many states, including Russia, lively discussions unfolded about how justified the appearance of a clone, an exact biological (genetic) copy of a living or a dead person, is.
Naturally, first of all, the ethical issues of cloning were discussed. But over time, the discussions turned into a legal channel. At the international and national levels, the position on the inadmissibility of human cloning has prevailed — at least at present. Such inadmissibility is associated with inevitable negative risks and possible abuses: the idea most often voiced was that a clone, who does not have the legal status of an «original person», will simply become a source of biological material for the reconstruction of the original organism. As a result, in many countries, including Russia, laws prohibiting cloning were introduced. Some states criminalized this act.
We can, of course, have different attitudes towards the legislative ban on human cloning. However, the author is confident that this ban will be overcome and a human clone will be created. And then we will face a new reality: what might the legal status of a human clone be? Can we accept a clone as a subject legally equal to a person born naturally?
Based on the results of modern research in the field of genetic engineering and psychology, the author comes to the key conclusion that a human clone should be considered an independent personality on a par with the «original person». In turn, a human clone should be regarded as a possible subject of crime and a victim of crime (naturally, subject to all the conditions and requirements for ordinary people).
Visual Information and Its Research in the Trial of Criminal Cases
Authors: Khorosheva Anna
Published: November 2023

The article presents the author’s view of the development of the trend connected with the research of visual information, which is a part of the theory of the judicial investigation of crimes. There is an urgent necessity to reconsider the traditional methodological approaches and combine them with latest achievements in various spheres of the humanities and natural sciences. Cognitivistics is recognized as one of such trends that is potentially ready to be adapted for the sphere of criminal law sciences. The author stresses that the results obtained by cognitive sciences could, after necessary research, be successfully used to develop recommendations on working with judiciary information. It is claimed that a wide spread of digital technologies enabling the creation of a retrospective visual picture of criminal events requires paying special attention to the specific features of researching visual information in court. It is necessary to focus not on the technical-criminalistic support of preserving such information, but on the development of tactical means and technologies that will allow us to analyze its influence on the results of evidentiary activities of the professional participants of the judiciary investigation of criminal cases. This encompasses the strategic and tactical basis of representing visual information as well as taking into account the correlation between the specifics of its perception and the passing of judgements that acquire the force of a judicial decision. The correlation between and the differentiation of visual perception and visuality are viewed as important. The result of investigating visual information is the reconstructed visual image of a crime. The latter will make it possible to predict the content of the final decision on a criminal case. However, it could also be characterized by inconsistency due to biased interpretations of visual information. As the sources of visual information are not common enough in criminal court proceedings in Russia, the issues of their presentation in court have not been properly studied and require a critical scientific analysis. The author supports the opinions of foreign colleagues who stress not only the evidently positive features of using visual sources as proof, but also the obviously negative ones, which challenge both the effectiveness and accuracy of the process of proof, and the reliability of visual information. The author argues for the following claim: visual information does reflect reality, it shapes it by creating not the «artifact of the past», but the «artifact of the present». Due to this, several key problems are singled out, which are connected with providing proof in criminal procee­dings through the demonstration of various sources of visual information.
Reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no cenário brasileiro: dificuldades e propostas
Authors: Barbosa Andreia Costa , Prates Kátia Valeria Marques Cardoso
Published: November 2023

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O consumo de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos tem aumentado nos últimos anos, gerando uma grande quantidade de resíduos que podem causar impactos ambientais e sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as principais dificuldades e propostas para melhorar a reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no Brasil, bem como identificar quais tipos de resíduos são mais gerados e reciclados no país. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Pela análise dos resultados, constatou-se que os principais desafios são a falta de conscientização da população, a carência de infraestrutura, a ausência de fiscalização e a necessidade de implementação de logística reversa. As principais sugestões são adotar um modelo de economia circular, melhorar a coleta de dados, promover a capacitação dos coletores, desenvolver a capacidade local de recuperação de materiais e aumentar a educação ambiental. Os tipos de resíduos mais gerados são da linha verde, seguidos da linha marrom, e os mais reciclados são os da linha verde. Pode-se concluir que a reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos é uma atividade estratégica para o Brasil que pode trazer benefícios econômicos e ambientais, mas que requer uma maior articulação entre os diferentes atores envolvidos.
Análise crítica dos planos municipais de adaptação e mitigação às mudanças climáticas
Authors: Masiero Érico , Menegaldo Vanize , Tavares Silvia Garcia
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa criticamente os planos de adaptação e mitigação às mudanças climáticas elaborados por 18 cidades localizadas nos cinco continentes desde 2005. O objetivo é explorar as principais estratégias adotadas nos planos de mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas dessas cidades estudadas para identificar a relação entre a aplicação de tais medidas e práticas de planejamento urbano. Os planos de adaptação e mitigação das alterações climáticas das capitais ou centros económicos nacionais e continentais foram consultados e classificados de acordo com o seu compromisso em lidar com as questões climáticas e na implementação eficaz das respostas. Observou-se que as cidades selecionadas possuem uma preocupação significativa com os possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas, embora ainda existam discrepâncias consideráveis entre o que é proposto nos planos e a efetiva implementação das medidas de mitigação, principalmente nas cidades brasileiras e em outras nações em desenvolvimento. Mesmo considerando os graves problemas decorrentes das mudanças climáticas – como as Ilhas de Calor Urbanas e o alto consumo de energia que elevam as emissões de gases de efeito estufa – as propostas dessas cidades ainda focam em ações pontuais, com pouco investimento em infraestrutura e falta de monitoramento das ações propostas para enfrentar adequadamente o clima mudar.
Quantitation of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Serum v1
Authors: not provided kyle.francis , not provided megan.romano , Sarma Rupam
Published: November 2023

This SOP describes the extraction and sample clean-up method for the quantitative determination of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in animal serum. Analytes were extracted with 10% (v/v) acetone in methanol and analyzed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (negative mode) combined with multiple reaction monitoring. Limits of quantitation at 2.5 ng/mL for all analytes. Method validation/evaluation/verification: In-house method validation data and evaluation by an independent laboratory (Vet-LIRN) in collaborative multi-laboratory studies are published: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36869712/
Isu Al-Mujarrabat Menurut Perspektif Qiyas al-Shabah
Authors: Bin Ali Abdul Karim
Published: November 2023

Isu al-mujarrabat merupakan antara isu khilafiah yang hangat diperselisihkan dalam kalangan agamawan di Malaysia khususnya. Isu yang sering dipertikaikan oleh sebahagian pihak adalah isu zikir yang tidak dilakukan oleh Baginda Nabi seperti zikir dengan lafaz Allah dengan bilangan yang tertentu, isu meniup pada air hasil bacaan tertentu dan lain-lain. Pertikaian atau perbalahan ini berpunca daripada penyalahan secara total. Qiyas al-Shabah ini adalah di antara instrumen di dalam perbahasan Usul Fiqh yang penting dalam membantu mengeluarkan `illah daripada isu-isu dan nas-nas tertentu. Apabila isu-isu tertentu diceraikan dan diteliti, maka akan didapati kekurangan dalam setiap qiyas yang dibuat oleh agamawan-agamawan tertentu. Setiap isu-isu yang direspon oleh beberapa agamawan tertentu biasanya akan melibatkan secara tidak langsung proses pengqiyasan. Maka Qiyas al-Shabah ini akan mengatur, dan memperbetul isu-isu yang diqiyaskan oleh mereka, dengan meletakkan pada isu yang lebih tepat untuk diqiyaskan. Penyelidikan ini merupakan kajian yang berbentuk kualitatif kerana ia berkaitan dengan perbahasan sesuatu teori yang akan melibatkan pengkajian data-data di dalam rujukan-rujukan kitab-kitab klasik dan semasa seterusnya diimplementasikan di dalam sesuatu isu dan kes. Hasil implementasi Qiyas al-Shabah ke dalam isu ini didapati bahawa sudut pandang mereka yang menolak adalah disebabkan oleh pemahaman secara literal pada sesuatu hadis atau athar.
Konsep Rayuan Kes dalam Kehakiman Islam
Authors: Samuri Mohd Al Adib
Published: November 2023

Mahkamah syariah di Malaysia memberikan peluang terhadap pihak yang terkilan dengan keputusan mahkamah rendah membuat rayuan ke mahkamah yang lebih tinggi. Namun, persoalan sejauh mana rayuan mempunyai asas dalam sistem kehakiman Islam adalah suatu yang wajar untuk dibincangkan. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahaskan tentang konsep rayuan menurut hukum syarak, menganalisa petikan kes-kes rayuan yang terdapat dalam sumber hukum dan pandangan fuqaha terhadap rayuan dalam kehakiman Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen yang dibuat secara deskriptif. Kajian mendapati perbahasan rayuan oleh fuqaha klasik sangat terhad dan hanya merujuk kepada keputusan yang bercanggah dengan hukum syarak dan pembetulan dibuat oleh hakim kedua. Amalan rayuan di mahkamah syariah pada masa kini telah mengadaptasi prosedur di mahkamah sivil yang membolehkan pihak yang terkilan memfailkan rayuan walaupun keputusan itu tidak bercanggah dengan hukum syarak. Kajian ini penting dalam menunjukkan evolusi sistem kehakiman Islam dalam menegakkan keadilan kepada pihak-pihak yang bertikai.
Parameter Penulisan Wasatiyyah Pendakwah untuk Menangani Ekstremis Melayu Muslim Menerusi Media Sosial
Authors: Abdul Ghani Mohamad Zulkifli
Published: November 2023

Fenomena ekstremisme agama bukanlah perkara baru dalam kehidupan manusia. Perkembangan teknologi dalam dunia kini secara tidak langsung cuba menjejaskan kehidupan orang Melayu Islam khususnya dalam penulisan di media sosial. Kumpulan ekstremis menjadikan media sosial sebagai salah satu platform untuk menyebarkan ideologi mereka. Medium tanpa sempadan ini menyebabkan kumpulan pelampau menyebarkan maklumat secara bebas dan mudah sehingga menyebabkan masyarakat Melayu Islam terpedaya dengan fahaman ekstrem. Pelbagai tulisan yang berbentuk ekstremis dan longgar bertebaran dalam masyarakat seperti tulisan yang mengelirukan tanpa ada sandaran rujukan, berita yang dipenuhi dengan fitnah, berita yang tidak benar, tulisan yang memburukkan ulama silam dan tulisan yang meragui kesahihannya tanpa menggunakan kaedah yang betul. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter penulisan pendakwah wasatiyyah dalam menangani pelampau Melayu Islam. Kajian ini diperoleh menggunakan metodologi kualitatif iaitu melalui kaedah temu bual dengan 4 orang informan dan melalui perbincangan meja bulat yang terdiri daripada 5 orang panel. Pemilihan informan ditentukan secara persampelan bertujuan. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perisian Atlas.ti. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa antara parameter pemikiran wasatiyyah pendakwah dalam menangani pelampau Melayu Islam ialah pembuktian kaedah (manhaj) pembuktian yang sah dan tepat menurut ahli sunnah wal jamaah, sumber rujukan yang muktabar dan mengiktiraf kesarjanaan keilmuan silam. Implikasi daripada ukuran ini boleh dijadikan panduan kepada pendakwah dalam menangani golongan ekstremis Melayu Islam.
Principle of Responsibility in the Medina Charter to Build Cooperative Relations of the Cross-Cultural Community
Authors: Muslim Nazri
Published: November 2023

The Medina Charter is the world’s first written constitution enacted by the Prophet Muhammad PBUH to manage the cross-cultural society in Yathrib (after the migration, Yathrib changed its name to Medina al-Munawwarah). The Yathrib community comprises of various ethnicities, languages, religions, and tribes. Before the arrival of Islam, Yathrib had no organised political system and people lived in factions and sects. Its people were constantly in conflict due to high levels of ethnocentrism, fight instigations and quarrels of merely small matters. Thus, the Prophet PBUH drafted the Medina Charter to build cooperative relations within the cross-cultural society. This article aims to identify the principles of responsibility in the Constitution of Medina and analyse the principles of responsibility in building cooperative relationships of cross-cultural communities in Medina. Qualitative methods i.e., in-depth interviews and (systematic) literature review or library research were used for this study. In analysing the data, content analysis method was employed. The results found that this Charter has laid down the principle of responsibility to be followed by every individual for the common good and has succeeded in uniting and fostering cooperative relations within the cross-cultural community of Medina.
Refleksi Kritis Yusuf Al-Qaradawi terhadap Ekstremisme dan Ekstremisme Agama
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Munawar
Published: November 2023

Ekstremisme adalah isu yang berpanjangan. Ideologi ini apabila dikaitkan dengan agama, ia bukan sahaja berkisar tentang implikasi keganasan bahkan menjadi asas kepada pembentukan ajaran-ajaran sesat dan yang menyeleweng daripada aliran ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Untuk membanterasnya, pendekatan harus kolektif dan memerlukan kerjasama semua pihak. Konsep asas mengenainya harus benar, sahih dan meyakinkan. Ia mestilah datang daripada sumber dan struktur akademik yang lengkap, sistematik dan konsisten supaya kritikan dan refleksi terhadap ideologi ini dilihat tersusun, adil dan mudah difahami. Antara tokoh-tokoh besar Islam yang pernah menilai dan menulis secara sistematik tentang ideologi ini adalah Yusuf al-Qaradawi, seorang ulama Islam kelahiran Mesir yang menetap di Doha, Qatar. Beliau adalah salah seorang ulama Islam paling berpengaruh semasa hidupnya. Beliau juga dikenali sebagai seorang pemikir yang sederhana tetapi tegas. Pandangan-pandangan beliau tentang kesederhanaan telah banyak diulas, dipetik dan dicerakin oleh ulama Islam lainnya di seluruh dunia. Namun disebalik kederhanaan ini beliau juga dikenali sebagai seorang yang tegas dan memiliki pandangan yang keras dan konsisten terhadap ideologi ekstremisme dan ekstremisme agama. Justeru, makalah ini akan mengupas dan membahas pandangan, kritikan dan refleksi beliau terhadap ideologi ekstremisme dan ekstremisme agama. Tulisan ini adalah sebahagian daripada dapatan kajian mengenai Islam dan ekstremisme di Malaysia yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Analisa kandungan yang sebahagian besarnya membabitkan bahan-bahan daripada tulisan beliau telah digunakan di samping temubual separa struktur yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan pandangan tokoh-tokoh agama, aktivis dan pihak berkuasa tempatan berkaitan hal ini. Analisa hasil kajian mendapati, Yusuf al-Qaradawi telah mengupas hal ini dalam banyak tulisan-tulisan beliau sama ada memberi refleksi secara khusus terhadap ideologi ini ataupun menyebut implikasi ideologi ini melalui tulisan-tulisan beliau dalam hal ehwal kehidupan secara umum. Pandangan-pandangan beliau juga menjadi teras pada kebanyakan tulisan tokoh-tokoh Islam lain apabila menulis dan bercakap mengenai ekstremisme dan ekstremisme agama.
Relevansi Sabar dalam Pembangunan Moral Komuniti Kejiranan Menurut Pendekatan Nabawi
Authors: Mohd Azmi Mohammad Haafiz Aminuddin
Published: November 2023

Sabar merupakan satu sifat yang dipuji agama kerana meneladani sifat-sifat keunggulan nabawi. Namun, persekitaran komuniti mencalarkan ketenteraman masyarakat yang gagal mengawal emosi marah sehingga mengakibatkan ketirisan moral dalam komuniti kejiranan. Kes-kes yang berlaku pertengkaran akibat marah melibatkan pelbagai peringkat diterjemahkan melalui perilaku komuniti amat membimbangkan. Sehubungan itu, pendekatan sifat sabar wajar dicontohi berdasarkan pengamalan yang dianjurkan Nabi SAW. Implementasi sifat sabar mencerminkan etika akhlak masyarakat muslim. Artikel ini menggunakan sorotan literatur melalui beberapa sumber primer dan sekunder. Artikel ini juga menggunakan kaedah deduktif dan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati sifat sabar merupakan sebahagian nilai pembangunan moral insan. Komponen sifat sabar perlu dipraktikkan dalam urusan yang melibatkan legasi hidup bersosial dalam komuniti gaya hidup berjiran. Justeru, elemen-elemen seperti penjagaan lidah dalam komuniti berjiran, tuntutan memuliakan jiran, memelihara keharmonian jiran dan menghindari jiran yang buruk moralnya perlu disadurkan dengan sifat sabar. Oleh itu, relevansi sifat sabar seharusnya dipupuk dari usia kecil. Bahkan disemai dalam interaksi sosial berorientasikan pendekatan nabawi bagi mewujudkan keharmonian warga komuniti kejiranan khususnya dalam meneruskan kehidupan yang kian mencabar.
Science Teachers’ Perspectives on the Integration of the Quran in Science Learning
Authors: H. Iksan Zanaton
Published: November 2023

The integration of the knowledge in Quran and Science is significant and timely. The truth of Quran contents is proven by the phenomenon of Science. However, Science education in Malaysia which is too similar to Western learning style, focuses more on student achievement in examinations. Therefore, efforts to integrate Science and the Quran do not occur in formal teaching and learning activities in the classroom. Thus, this article discusses secondary school science teachers’ perspectives on the Quran-integrated Science learning approach. This study uses qualitative design methodology by conducting interviews with four Science teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama (Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab) in Negeri Sembilan. Data analysis was performed using Atlas.ti software version 9. Thematic analysis method is used to analyze the data based on a fixed comparison of each study findings. The results of the interviews showed that apart from the Islamic vision of Science teachers who are excited to implement Al-Quran Integrated Science learning, there are 4 main factors that need to be examined namely (i) existing problems in the educational environment, (ii) lack of adequate knowledge and skills , (iii) suggestions on the need for tools to implement the integration of science with the Qur’an and (iv) the expectations of Science teachers on the integration of this revelation knowledge in the teaching of Science subjects. This study is expected to be a source of information to the drafters of the Science and revelation knowledge integrated curriculum which is believed to be able to produce generation of ulul albab students who are balanced in academic and spiritual aspects, especially for use in religious schools and Tahfiz Science.
Work‐Related ICT Use and the Dissolution of Boundaries Between Work and Private Life
Authors: Entgelmeier Ines , Rinke Timothy
Published: November 2023

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) promote flexible forms of work. Based on analyses of data from the German BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2018, this article shows that ICT (computer/internet) use is associated with both overtime and better temporal alignment of work and private life. Additional analyses show that these associations differ by gender and parenthood. Especially if also working from home, men with and without children do more overtime when they use ICTs than women with and without children. Better temporal alignment is found only among men without children who use ICTs and work from home compared to women without children.
Digitalization of Working Worlds and Social Inclusion
Authors: Melchior Alice , Haasler Simone
Published: November 2023

Digitalization is engendering profound societal transformation that is significantly restructuring our working lives. For society, and the world of work in particular, digitalization presents a major challenge, as the digital transformation of work does not simply relate to technological innovation; rather, it involves a complex sociotechnical process that is socially prepared, technically enabled, and discursively negotiated, and that ultimately must be individually mastered. As a result, the ongoing digitalization of “working worlds” is characterized by multiple dimensions and processes that evolve and proceed unevenly. These processes interact in complex ways, not uncommonly contradicting each other. Against this background, this thematic issue explores some of the implications and dynamics of the digital transformation of work concerning social inclusion.
Missing Responses in Neurodiverse Interaction: Case Study of an Inclusive Workshop
Authors: Rudneva E.A.
Published: November 2023

Objectives. The research studies challenges of neurodiverse interaction in an inclusive workplace involving adult employees with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Missing a response to a question or request is a communication disruption and can present someone’s contribution as irrelevant or be interpreted as ignoring. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the reasons behind such disruptions and what both participants with ASD and neurotypical ones do in such cases.

Methods. The main method is conversation analysis of video recordings made in an inclusive workshop for people with mental disabilities. This was backed up with participant observation in the role of a volunteer. The data collection comprises 12 cases, in which one of the participants (with ASD or without ASD) did not get a reply to their question or directive, immediately or at all; 4 of these cases are analysed in the present article.

Results. In the 3 episodes, the same employee with ASD, having not received a reply to his question or request, also from a neurotypical instructor, repeats his phrase completely or almost verbatim; in addition, he implements the following strategies to draw attention: adds a vocative and a politeness marker, redirects the request to a specific person (after the instructor’s advice). In the 4th episode, an employee with ASD does not respond immediately to the instructor’s directives, continues the conversation about an abstract topic without promptly switching to work.

Conclusions. Analysis of the data collection enables to draw conclusions about differences in the actions of neurotypical and neurodiverse participants when they do not get a response to their question or directive. The former demonstrate more elaborate strategies, modifying the question or directive (including grammatical structure), drawing attention in different ways, using various bodily actions and argumentation; neurodiverse people tend to repeat the wording, not modifying the grammatical structure of the main clause, or wait. The following reasons for missing a response have been identified: division into pairs in a multiparty interaction (employees with a diagnosed condition and non-diagnosed instructors who may not pay attention to the question of the person in the other pair); difference in prioritizing the two courses of actions — work and chat about an abstract topic — and in the ways interlocutors switch between them; neurodivergent people are involved in interactional patterns and language games which are not supported by neurotypical colleagues. Awareness about possible interactional challenges and the ways they can be overcome helps to secure inclusivity in the workplace.
Professional Culture of a Defectologist in Psychological and Pedagogical Support and Education of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Isaeva T.N.
Published: November 2023

Objectives. An important professional competence of a defectologist is knowledge of scientific and methodological approaches in the education of children with autism spectrum disorders. It is also important to have practical skills in working with these children. Both allow you to build the process of correctional work and apply an individual approach. This determines the professional culture of the defectologist accompanied by children with ASD. The article discusses approaches to the formation of professional culture of future defectologists at the stage of implementation of the basic educational training program in the field of education, upbringing and support of students with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods. The content of the discipline “Practicum: The initial stage of work with an autistic spectrum child” is presented. In the formation of professional and personal competencies of future specialists working with children with ASD, it is proposed to use problem-oriented, interactive teaching methods: specific learning situations.

Results. The developed training discipline “Practicum: The initial stage of work with an autistic spectrum child” includes classes on the formation of practical competences in teaching and supporting children with ASD. The classes simulate learning conditions and situations that allow students to practice specific practical ways and techniques of working with children and are crucial for the formation of professional culture in the process of preparing students-defectologists to work with children with ASD.

Conclusions. It is important in the formation of the professional culture of a defectologist to reflect on the experience of difficulties in working with children with autism spectrum disorders.
Product Development of Fish Crisp from Sucker Mouth Fish (Hypostomus plecostomus)
Authors: Thanapop Soteyome  , Sumapa Thedkwanchai
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to develop a standard formula and process for baking sliced Sucker Mouth Fish and maintaining its quality at room temperature. The chemical components of the fish were analyzed, revealing moisture level, protein, fat, coarse fiber, and carbohydrate to be 83.20±0.24, 14.63±0.51, 0.48±0.61, 0.61±0.03, 1.40±0.20, and 0.11±0.12, respectively. During the study, testers preferred the second formula for baked sliced fish production and gave it higher average scores in all aspects, so the second formula was used. Testers unanimously preferred the 0:100 ratio when assessing palatability using various ratios (100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 0:100). The physical qualities of the product were also analyzed, including lightness (L*), red value (a*), and yellow value (b*), resulting in values of 43.11±0.3, 15.70±0.30, and 18.96±0.48, respectively. The water activity (aw) and crispiness level were measured at 0.41±0.00 and 7.08±1.10, respectively, both within the standardized range. The packaged foil bag with absorbent was kept at room temperature for 2 weeks and analyzed using sensory evaluation, with results showing no significant difference (p>0.05).
Study of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution System in Karawang Regency, West Java-Indonesia
Authors: Ashari Hasyim , Imam Mujahidin Fahmid  , M Saleh S Ali  , Daniel Useng
Published: November 2023

Fertilizer is a crucial and strategic requirement for enhancing production, productivity, quality, and competitiveness of agricultural products across various sectors, including food crops, horticulture, smallholder plantations, livestock, and fisheries. Given its importance, it is deemed necessary to subsidize fertilizers. However, issues arise with fertilizer subsidies, such as the yearly increase in the budget allocated for these subsidies, which poses a significant burden on the government. Additionally, the low cost of urea (N) makes it susceptible to misuse in terms of excessive and unbalanced application, non-agricultural use, and leakage of subsidized fertilizer to the state. It is suggested that targeted cash transfers be implemented, and demand and supply market forces determine domestic fertilizer prices. This study aimed to identify the system of distribution, distribution channels, and aspects of equity and distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Karawang Regency. The methodology involves field research, data analysis, policy review, stakeholder consultation, and implementation monitoring. The aim is to ensure effective subsidy distribution and increased agricultural productivity. The study found that subsidized fertilizers provide several benefits to farmers, such as affordable prices, guaranteed availability even in remote areas, assured quality due to SNI standards, increased interest in sustainable farming, and contribution to national agricultural productivity improvements. However, eliminating fertilizer subsidies at the farm level could reduce productivity by up to 9.50%. The study recommends maintaining the budget for fertilizer subsidies in Karawang Regency with adjustments made to the distribution system based on the unique needs of each farmer in different locations. It also suggests assisting extension workers through local government regarding the suitability/accuracy of dosage and environmentally friendly fertilizer.
Malnutrition Analysis Based on Food Consumption and Other Factors in Under- Graduate Students of Chandigarh University
Authors: Arushi Singh  , Jyoti Rani
Published: November 2023

Students' time at the university tends to be defined by a significant change in their dietary habits and lifestyle which exposes them to a number of risk factors associated with malnutrition, predisposition of various metabolic disorders, which are linked to nutrition. The aim of the study was to appraise the factors responsible for malnutrition in under-graduate students at Chandigarh University. Four hundred students of both the gender, aged between 18- 26 years old were screened for the study. Anthropometric parameters (including Height, weight and BMI) were taken into consideration for the assessment, besides each participant completed a dietary pattern and lifestyle questionnaire. The mean Height and weight of participants were 165.46 ± 11.28 and 64.77 ± 13.93 respectively, and BMI was 23.61 ± 4.16 kg/m2. All the age categories were impacted, around 5% were underweight, 24.25% were overweight and 5.5% were obese. . Inadequate consumption of whole grains, protein rich food, green leafy vegetables and fruits was observed amidst the population of students pertinent to the eating patterns. The majority of the eaten carbohydrates came from cereal. In addition, 21% of them followed a diet lacking variety, and 2% of them experienced severe food insecurity. 6% of them had low nutritional intake. Except for carbs, which exceeded the suggested reference values and made up 62.69–13.84% of the students per diem energy uptake, the students' consumption of macronutrients was within the recommended reference ranges. Additionally, only 32.2% of respondents reported getting enough energy. A high incidence of overweight was linked to a diet that lacked variety. Both types of malnutrition are common among Chandigarh University students, and educating this young population about nutrition will be crucial to preventing consequences from malnutrition in later life.
Newspaper – an ICT Instrument to Facilitate Teaching-Learning Process
Authors: B. Munilakshmi  , G. Pushpa Latha  , K. Aparna
Published: November 2023

Proficiency in English language can be a driving force for a person to excel in his/her careers, either at national or international level. Recent statistics indicate that the readership of newspapers, more particularly, that of English newspapers has increased to an appreciable level, and it is this strand which needs to be exploited. In spite of the digital revolution, the sheen of print media has not faded. Edgar Dale’s ‘Cone of Experience’ explicitly states that decoding the textual symbols is at the top of the cone, and thus by reading newspapers, one not only strengthens LSRW skills but also enhances higher order skills – problem solving, research, editorial, autonomous learning competence, and critical analysis. In the teaching- learning process, blended learning and flipped classroom are some methods which can be employed in the process of using newspaper as a learning device. Through activities like description, analysis, and synthesis; comparison and contrast; process description - learners will be able to upgrade their cognitive skills.