bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУБ’ЄКТ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ, ПЕРЕДБАЧЕНОГО СТ. 271 КК УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Булах Анастасія , Бісюк Олена
Published: March 2024

У статті досліджено особливості суб’єкту кримінального правопорушення, передбаченого статтею 271 КК України «Порушення вимог законодавства про охорону праці». Авторки розглядають суб’єктів даного кримінального правопорушення, а саме службових осіб підприємств, установ, організацій та громадян – суб’єкти підприємницької діяльності. Аналізуються положення кримінального права а також цивільного, трудового та господарського законодавства, міжнародно-правові акти з питань боротьби зі злочинністю, зокрема, щодо визначення понять «службова особа», «юридична особа», «фізична особа, яка здійснює підприємницьку». Авторки проаналізували статтю 271 КК України в порівнянні з аналогічними положеннями в законодавстві інших країнах та сформували пропозиції щодо розвитку доктрини суб’єкта кримінального правопорушення вимог законодавства про охорону праці. Значну увагу приділено характеристиці ознак суб’єкта порушення вимог законодавства про охорону праці та його вини в науковій доктрині кримінального права та судовій практиці.
АПК У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ОСНОВА СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Олійник Тетяна , Жураковська Анна
Published: March 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню впливу аграрного сектору економіки на формування продовольчої безпеки країни. У контексті глобалізації світової економіки питання забезпечення продовольчої безпеки стає особливо актуальним. Ця проблема безпосередньо пов'язана не тільки з рівнем життя населення, а й з конкурентоспроможністю національної економіки. Для досягнення продовольчої безпеки держави важлива взаємодія всіх параметрів розвитку внутрішніх суб'єктів аграрного сектору з економічними, соціальними та екологічними аспектами. Ці фактори забезпечують безпеку на основі принципів самодостатності, мультифункціональності, соціальної справедливості, незалежності, стабільності, збалансованості та раціональності. Вказується, що в Україні сучасний стан продовольчої безпеки ускладнений військовим конфліктом, викликаним агресією рф. Також висвітлюються особливості відновлення звільнених територій від російських окупантів та розвитку сільських територій у післявоєнний час. Розглядаються умови адаптації аграрного сектору економіки до нових викликів та вдосконалення аграрної політики держави.
Evaluación de los agentes pro-oxidantes que influyen en la calidad de la carne de pollo
Authors: Damián-Hernández Xochitl. , Hernández-Cázares Aleida S. , Hidalgo-Contreras Juan V. , Recillas-Mota Maricarmen T. , Gómez-Merino Fernando  C. , Ríos-Corripio María A.
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Analizar los principales agentes pro-oxidantes exógenos en carne de pechuga de pollo y su efecto en el fenómeno oxidativo.

Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Pechuga de pollo (Pectoralis major) en forma de patties (25 g) se utilizó para establecer los diferentes tratamientos: T1 - pechuga de pollo molida, T2 - ciclo de congelación y descongelación, T3 - envasadas al vacío, T4 - deshidratado, T5 - cocción en baño maría, T6 - adición de NaCl, T7 - cocción a la parrilla y T8 -exposición a luz LED. Posterior al tratamiento se almacenaron a 4 °C 15 d y se analizaron a 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 15 d. Las variables analizadas fueron pérdida de peso, color, pH, acidez titulable y TBARS, mediante un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) y la prueba de Tukey (P ? 0.05).

Resultados: Se confirmó que la carne de pollo molida, sometida a tratamiento térmico (cocción a la parrilla-T7 y baño maría-T5) y almacenada en refrigeración a 4°C, presentó mayor acción pro-oxidante reflejado en las mayores pérdidas de peso, luminosidad y TBARS.

Limitaciones/implicaciones: No contar con diferentes niveles de aplicación oxidativo para cada tratamiento.

Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es posible entender la oxidación lipídica de la carne de pollo bajo el estudio de la aplicación de diferentes agentes pro-oxidantes.
Las dietas tradicionales, su impacto en el microbioma intestinal y la salud humana
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Martínez-Mota Rodolfo , Vázquez Domínguez Guillermo ,   Universidad Veracruzana, Silva Rivera Evodia ,   Universidad Veracruzana, Velázquez-Rosas Noé ,   Universidad Veracruzana
Published: March 2024

Uno de los retos actuales más importantes en términos de la salud alimentaria, es el aumento en la ingesta de alimentos industrializados y ultra procesados vinculados a la dieta occidentalizada que se ha expandido a lo largo de casi todas las regiones del planeta. La incorporación de alimentos con altos contenidos de carbohidratos, grasas y componentes artificiales en la dieta de las personas de países biodiversos como México ha tenido importantes repercusiones en la salud de sus habitantes, ya que ha habido un aumento gradual de la obesidad y otras enfermedades asociadas. A pesar de ello, la dieta tradicional mexicana mantiene alimentos naturales y poco procesados, principalmente en regiones indígenas y campesinas del país. La dieta tradicional mexicana en la región central de México se basa en una extensa variedad de productos nativos y exóticos cultivados localmente y a pequeña escala en su mayoría, provenientes de huertos familiares y sistemas de policultivo para autoconsumo y para comercio de cercanía. Argumentamos que el consumo de una variedad de alimentos que conforman las dietas tradicionales, en particular aquellos producidos en sistemas agroecológicos tradicionales, pueden beneficiar significativamente la salud de las personas, a partir de cambios substanciales en la composición del microbioma intestinal.
Análisis de respuestas conductuales del consumo de sacarosa como estímulo elicitador de la actividad física
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Bernal Gómez Samantha Josefina , Aguilera Cervantes Virginia Gabriela ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Martínez Moreno Alma Gabriela ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Mora Vergara Ana Paola ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander
Published: March 2024

En diversos estudios se ha identificado que exponer a animales experimentales a una bebida endulzada tiene como consecuencia la disminución del consumo de alimento, mientras que se presenta un consumo excesivo de dicha bebida. Por otra parte, considerando que el principal combustible cerebral es la glucosa, cuya principal fuente de obtención son los alimentos que consumen los organismos, entre ellos el azúcar, el cual podría ser tomado como un estimulante para la actividad por su contenido energético, se plantea como objetivo evaluar el efecto del consumo de bebidas endulzadas a diferentes concentraciones en la cantidad de actividad física que se realiza en ratas albinas. Se implementó un diseño experimental ABA. Doce ratas hembras de cuatro meses de edad fueron asignadas a tres grupos experimentales, tuvieron libre acceso a agua y alimento, y acceso a una rueda de actividad por 30 minutos diarios durante 90 días. En la Fase 2 fueron expuestos a diferentes concentraciones de solución endulzada durante 12 horas: el Grupo 1 al 3.84%, el Grupo 2 al 7.40% y el Grupo 3 al 10.71%. Se identificó que el consumo de alimento disminuyó en la fase en que se presentó la bebida endulzada, estableciéndose la siguiente relación: a menor concentración de azúcar en la solución, mayor ingesta. Se registró que ingerir estas bebidas generó cambios en el patrón de actividad. No se identificaron diferencias significativas en el peso corporal de los sujetos. Con base en lo anterior, se considera que el consumo de bebidas endulzadas en este estudio, independientemente de la concentración, no tuvo efecto sobre el peso corporal por la exposición a la rueda de actividad. Esto sugiere que los sujetos son capaces de realizar ajustes conductuales ante modificaciones ambientales, como adicionar bebidas endulzadas a su dieta.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA MELALUI SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Wardoyo Erik Estu Rekso , Kartika Chandra , Indrawati Mei
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, semangat kerja dan kinerja pegawai di Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pasuruan. Untuk menguji pengaruh antara kompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja. Kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, semangat kerja terhadap kinerja. Kompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pasuruan melalui semangat kerja. Jenis  penelitian  ini  adalah  penelitian  eksplanatori.  Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pasuruan yang berjumlah 145 orang, melalui Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dan rumus Slovin, Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 107 pegawai. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, semangat kerja dan  kinerja pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pasuruan berada pada kondisi yang tinggi.. Terdapat dampak signifikan antarakompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja. Tidak terdapat dampak signifikan antarakompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja. Terdapat dampak signifikan antarasemangat kerja terhadap kinerja. Terdapat dampak signifikan antarakompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas melalui semangat. Tidak terdapat dampak signifikan antaralingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pasuruan melalui semangat.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN TRANSAKSIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI PT. PERTAMINA EKSPLORASI DAN PRODUKSI SANGATTA
Authors: Pratama Yudhistira Anugerah , Putri Ria Hutami , Nurokhim Fathur Rhohman , Paramarta Vip
Published: March 2024

Salah satu aspek yang dapat memengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini yang menggunakan pendekatan asosiatif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 83 pegawai di PT. Pertamina Eksplorasi dan Produksi Sangatta, yang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Proses pengambilan data menggunakan skala likert dengan didukung instrumen penelitian berupa pedoman observasi dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian dilengkapi oleh analisis data dilakukan dengan uji hipotesis dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional menguntungkan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kinerja pegawai dan kepemimpinan transaksional berkontribusi pada kinerja pegawai secara efisien.
PENGARUH PELAYANAN MEDIS DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN DI KLINIK ANATYA CIPATIK KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Kadafy Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pelayanan medis, kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pasien di Klinik Anatya Cipatik Kabupaten Bandung Barat serta menganalisis pengaruh pelayanan medis dan kualitas pelayanan di Klinik Anatya Cipatik Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Sumber penelitian ini menggunakan data primer. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 100 pasien di Klinik Anatya Cipatik Kabupaten Bandung Barat dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan medis, kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pasien menurut persepsi pasien masih dalam kategori cukup sehingga perlu dievaluasi dan ditingkatkan lagi. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan medis dan Kualitas Pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Pelayanan medis dan Kualitas Pelayanan mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien sebesar 89,4% sedangkan sisanya 10,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diamati.
Childhood emotional abuse and psychological distress in gay and bisexual men
Authors: James Carolyn A. , Schwartz Danielle R. , Roberts Karen E. , Hart Trevor , R. Loutfy Mona , Myers Ted , Calzavara Liviana
Published: March 2024

Despite the high prevalence of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and adult psychological distress (depression and anxiety) among gay and bisexual men (GBM), there is little research examining the relationships among these variables. This study examined internalized homophobia (IH) as a mediator between CEA and psychological distress in a sample of 286 GBM. Controlling for demographics and childhood sexual and physical abuse, CEA was associated with self-report and clinician-administered measures of psychological distress. Concern about stigma of being gay mediated the relationship between CEA and psychological distress. Internalized antigay attitudes might be important in the relationship between CEA and adult psychological distress. Clinicians might address negative beliefs about the self as a GBM that could be exacerbated due to CEA.
Validation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in female eating disorder patients
Authors: Claes Laurence , Hart Trevor , Smits Dirk , van den Eynde Frederique , Mueller Astrid , E. Mitchell James
Published: March 2024

In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) in a sample of 60 female eating disorder patients (M(age) = 27.82, SD = 9.76). The SAAS was developed to assess anxiety about being negatively evaluated for one's appearance. All patients completed the SAAS, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Physical Health Questionnaire-9 Depression and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Psychopathology. The SAAS demonstrated a one-factor structure and a high internal consistency. The SAAS was significantly positive in relation to body mass index, drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Concerning personality dimensions, the SAAS was positively related to emotional problems (e.g. depression, anxiety) and interpersonal problems (e.g. suspiciousness, submissiveness). Findings suggest that the SAAS is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess anxiety about being negatively evaluated about one's appearance in a sample of eating disorder patients.
Relationships Between Dimensions of Disability Experienced by Adults Living with HIV: A Structural Equation Model Analysis
Authors: O'Brien Kelly K. , Davis Aileen M. , Gardner Sandra , M. Bayoumi Ahmed , Rueda Sergio , Hart Trevor , Cooper Curtis , Solomon Patricia , Rourke Sean B. , Hanna Steven , The OHTN Cohort Study Research Team
Published: March 2024

As individuals age with HIV it is increasingly important to consider the health-related consequences of HIV and multiple morbidities, known as disability. We assessed relationships between four dimensions of disability among adults living with HIV. We conducted a structural equation modeling analysis using data from 913 participants in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study to determine relationships between four latent variables of disability in the Episodic Disability Framework: physical symptoms and impairments, mental health symptoms and impairments, difficulties with day-to-day activities, and challenges to social inclusion. Results indicated that physical symptoms and impairments, mental health symptoms and impairments and difficulties with day-to-day activities directly or indirectly predicted challenges to social inclusion for adults living with HIV. Challenges to social inclusion were directly predicted by mental health symptoms and indirectly by physical health symptoms via (mediated by) having difficulties carrying out day-to-day activities and mental health symptoms and impairments. These findings provide a basis for conceptualizing disability experienced by people living with HIV.

 
Gay and bisexual men’s views on reforming blood donation policy in Canada: a qualitative study
Authors: Grace Daniel , Gaspar Mark , Lessard David , Klassen Benjamin , Brennan David J , Adam Barry D. , Jollimore Jody , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Hart Trevor
Published: March 2024

Background

Researchers and activists have long called for changes to blood donation policies to end what is frequently framed as unjustified bans or deferral periods for men who have sex with men (MSM). Since 2016, in Canada, a man had to be abstinent from all sexual contact (anal or oral sex) with other men for at least 12 months in order to be an eligible blood donor. As of June 3, 2019, this deferral period was reduced to 3 months.

Methods

To better understand the acceptance of existing deferral policies and possible future policy, we conducted 47 in-depth interviews with a demographically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Canada’s three largest cities: Vancouver, (n = 17), Toronto (n = 15), and Montreal (n = 15). Interviews were coded in NVivo 11 following an inductive thematic analysis. We focus on men’s preferred policy directions and their opinions about a policy change proposed by Canada’s blood operators: a 3-month deferral for all sexual activity between men. We interviewed GBM approximately one-year before this new deferral policy was approved by Health Canada.

Results

Most participants were opposed to any deferral period in relation to MSM-specific sexual activity. A fair and safe policy was one that was the “same for everyone” and included screening for several risk factors during the blood donation process with no categorical exclusion of all sexually active MSM. Participants believed that multiple “gender blind” and HIV testing-related strategies could be integrated into the blood donation process. These preferences for a move away from MSM-specific exclusions aligned with their opinions concerning the possible change to a 3-month MSM deferral, for which participants shared three overarching perspectives: (1) step in the right direction; (2) ambivalence and uncertainty; and (3) not an improvement.

Conclusion

A predominant assertion was that a change from a 12-month to a 3-month deferral period would not resolve the fundamental issues of fairness and equity affecting blood screening practices for GBM in Canada. Many participants believed that blood donation policy should be based on more up-to-date scientific evidence concerning risk factor assessment and HIV testing.
Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men’s perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada
Authors: Grace Daniel , Gaspar Mark , Klassen Benjamin , Lessard David , Anand Praney , Brennan David J , Lachowsky Nathan , Adam Barry D. , Cox Joseph , Lambert Gilles , Jollimore Jody , Hart Trevor
Published: March 2024

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are not eligible to donate blood or plasma in Canada if they have had sex with another man in the last 3 months. This time-based deferment has reduced since 2013; from an initial lifetime ban, to five-years, one-year, and now three-months. Our previous research revealed that gay, bisexual, queer, and other MSM (GBM) supported making blood donation policies gender-neutral and behaviour-based. In this analysis, we explored the willingness of Canadian GBM to donate plasma, even if they were not eligible to donate blood.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 HIV-negative GBM in Vancouver (n = 15), Toronto (n = 13), and Montreal (n = 11), recruited from a large respondent-driven sampling study called Engage. Men received some basic information on plasma donation prior to answering questions. Transcripts were coded in NVivo following inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Many GBM expressed a general willingness to donate plasma if they became eligible; like with whole blood donation, GBM conveyed a strong desire to help others in need. However, this willingness was complicated by the fact that most participants had limited knowledge of plasma donation and were unsure of its medical importance. Participants’ perspectives on a policy that enabled MSM to donate plasma varied, with some viewing this change as a “stepping stone” to a reformed blood donation policy and others regarding it as insufficient and constructing GBM as “second-class” donors. When discussing plasma, many men reflected on the legacy of blood donor policy-related discrimination. Our data reveal a significant plasma policy disjuncture—a gulf between the critical importance of plasma donation from the perspective of Canada’s blood operators and patients and the feelings of many GBM who understood this form of donation as less important.

Conclusions

Plasma donor policies must be considered in relation to MSM blood donation policies to understand how donor eligibility practices are made meaningful by GBM in the context of historical disenfranchisement. Successful establishment of a MSM plasma donor policy will require extensive education, explicit communication of how this new policy contributes to continued/stepwise reform of blood donor policies, and considerable reconciliation with diverse GBM communities.
Examining the association between stress and antiretroviral therapy adherence among women living with HIV in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Benoit Anita C. , Burchell Ann N. , O'Brien Kelly K. , Raboud Janet , Gardner Sandra , Light Lucia , Beaver Kerrigan , Cotnam Jasmine , Conway Tracey , Price Colleen , Rourke Sean B. , Rueda Sergio , Hart Trevor , Loutfy Mona , The OHTN Cohort Study Research Team
Published: March 2024

Background

We aimed to identify the association between stress and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among women in HIV care in Toronto, Ontario participating in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) between 2007 and 2012.

Materials and methods

We conducted cross-sectional analyses with women on ART completing the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Adherence Questionnaire. Data closest to, or at the last completed interview, were collected from medical charts, through record linkage with Public Health Ontario Laboratories, and from a standardized self-reported questionnaire comprised of socio-demographic and psycho-socio-behavioral measures (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)), and stress measures (National Population Health Survey). Logistic regression was used to quantify associations with optimal adherence (≥95% adherence defined as missing ≤ one dose of ART in the past 4 weeks).

Results

Among 307 women, 65.5% had optimal adherence. Women with suboptimal compared to optimal adherence had higher median total stress scores (6.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 3.0–8.1] vs. 4.1 [IQR: 2.0–7.1], p = 0.001), CES-D scores (16 [IQR: 6–28] vs. 12 [IQR: 3–22], p = 0.008) and reports of hazardous and harmful alcohol use (31.1% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.008). In our multivariable model, we found an increased likelihood of optimal adherence with the absence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–4.32) and a decreased likelihood of optimal adherence with more self-reported stress (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.94).

Conclusions

Interventions supporting optimal ART adherence should address stress and include strategies to reduce or eliminate hazardous and harmful alcohol use for women living with HIV.
Mapping Historical, Material and Affective Entanglements in a Sámi Woman's Discriminatory Experiences in and beyond Finnish Boarding School
Authors: Huuki Tuija , Juutilainen Sandra
Published: March 2024

This paper draws on new feminist materialist and posthuman theories to explore discrimination experienced by Sámi attendees at Finnish boarding schools. The aim is to shift attention away from the human actor to a wider field of power relations, and consider discrimination as force relations, emerging dynamically through assemblages of, for example, material, corporeal, historical, organic, discursive and affective elements. The case study, taken from the structured interview survey data from one Sámi woman, is used to demonstrate material, affective and historical forces, through which events of discrimination emerge. We argue that material objects and places and their histories are not inert, fixed backgrounds against which things occur, nor important contextualising features of situated
Client or Volunteer? Understanding Neoliberalism and Neocolonialism Within International Volunteer Health Work
Authors: St-Amant Oona , Ward-Griffin Catherine , Berman Helene , Vainio-Mattila Arja
Published: March 2024

As international volunteer health work increases globally, research pertaining to the social organizations that coordinate the volunteer experience in the Global South has severely lagged. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to critically examine the social organizations within Canadian NGOs in the provision of health work in Tanzania. Multiple, concurrent data collection methods, including text analysis, participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized. Data collection occurred in Tanzania and Canada. Neoliberalism and neocolonialism were pervasive in international volunteer health work. In this study, the social relations—“volunteer as client,” “experience as commodity,” and “free market evaluation”—coordinated the volunteer experience, whereby the volunteers became “the client” over the local community and resulting in an asymmetrical relationship. These findings illuminate the need to generate additional awareness and response related to social inequities embedded in international volunteer health work. 
Encouraging understanding or increasing prejudices: A cross-sectional survey of institutional influence on health personnel attitudes about refugee claimants' access to health care
Authors: Ruiz-Casares Monica
Published: March 2024

Background

This paper investigates the personal, professional and institutional predictors of health institution personnel's attitudes regarding access to healthcare for refugee claimants in Canada.

Methods

In Montreal, the staff of five hospitals and two primary care centres (n = 1772) completed an online questionnaire documenting demographics, occupation, exposure to refugee claimant patients, and attitudes regarding healthcare access for refugee claimants. We used structural equations modeling to investigate the associations between professional and institutional factors with latent functions of positive and negative attitudes toward refugee's access to healthcare.

Results

Younger participants, social workers, participants from primary care centres, and from 1st migrant generation had the lowest scores of negative attitudes. Respondents who experienced contact with refugees had lower scores of negative attitudes (B = -14% standard deviation [SD]; 95% CI: -24, -4%). However, direct contact with refugees increased scores of negative attitudes in the institution with the most negative attitudes by 36% SD (95% CI: 1, 71%).

Interpretation

Findings suggest that institutions influence individuals’ attitudes about refugee claimants’ access to health care and that, in an institutional context of negative attitudes, contact with refugees may further confirm negative perceptions about this vulnerable group.
The Increasing Prevalence of Children Home Alone in Ghana: The Importance of Considering Regional Inequalities
Authors: Ruiz-Casares Monica , Nazif-Munoz José Ignacio
Published: March 2024

Research from industrialized settings has linked inadequate child supervision with various negative consequences. Nevertheless, empirical research in lower- and middle-income countries about correlates of inadequate child supervision has been scarce. The few studies that exist tended to focus on individual- and household-level factors, and reported associations that are not significant or in mixed directions depending on the context. Structural factors are left underexplored, but taking a more macro-level lens in settings with high regional disparities can hold the key to explaining increases in prevalence of inadequate child supervision. Exploring the evolution over time of child supervision practices can also enrich this explanation. We use data from two rounds of Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys to examine factors associated with children left home alone, and employ regional analysis using strata-level mixed effects. We found that in Ghana, the prevalence of children left home alone without adult supervision increased by 8.5% between 2011 and 2018 – an increase of more than 500,000 children over seven years. Statistical analyses suggest that variation between regions likely are associated with the growth of inadequate child supervision in this country. Future research should pay closer attention to how structural conditions, proxied by regions, can serve as either barriers or facilitators to adequate child supervision practices, helping shed light on residual variance unexplained by individual- and household-level factors.

 
Cross-Cultural Mobility and Agency in Assessing the Appropriateness of Child Supervision in the Context of Cultural Diversity and Migration in Quebec
Authors: Ruiz-Casares Monica , Sullivan Richard , Gonzalez Emilia , Li Patricia , Lacharité Carl
Published: March 2024

Confusion over what constitutes appropriate childrearing practices in culturally diverse settings may result in the stigmatization of ethnic minority families and over-reporting to child welfare services. This study explored stakeholders’ views on (in)adequate supervision across cultural and socioeconomic groups and how they assess the risk of harm in cases of lack of supervision. Focus group discussions were held with (a) adult caregivers (n = 39) and adolescents (n = 63) in family-based care from French-speaking Quebecers and migrants from Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Asia; and (b) professionals (n = 67) in the education, health, child welfare, and security sectors in Quebec. The main criteria used to assess the appropriateness of supervision were the maturity, level of ability, age, and sex of the child, as well as contextual factors, such as proximity of other people, location, and type and duration of the activity. Mobility and immobility notions are used to explore the developmental considerations of competence and readiness within the home and in other social environments where adults’ and children’s perceptions of safety and maturity may differ, as well as the need to move away from rigid policy implementation. This paper advocates for careful consideration of the capacity and agency of children affected by migration in the provision of childcare support and their meaningful participation in research and decision making in matters that affect them.
The CARL Library Impact Framework: A Logic Model Approach To Impact Assessment For Research Libraries
Authors: Robertson Mark , Gottschalk Tania , Wheeler Justine
Published: March 2024

In December 2021, the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) released the CARL Library Impact Framework (CLIF).  While library impact has been a topic of discussion for many years, CLIF offers a new contribution to the dialogue on the demonstration of impact of research libraries.  The concept of impact pathways was borrowed from the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences report entitled Approaches to Assessing Impacts in the Humanities and Social Sciences.  To realize the impact pathways concept, CLIF has adapted a logic model framework.  This approach provides users of CLIF with a way to represent a more complete arc of influence of research libraries systematically and visually. By design, CLIF encourages the use of assessment techniques and tools beyond the quantitative data collection and descriptive statistics often used by research libraries. This paper provides an overview of CLIF, its genesis, intent, structure, and possibilities for its application in research libraries. 
Clustering and OFDMA-based MAC protocol (COMAC) for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Hafeez Khalid Abdel , Zhao Lian , Liao Zaiyi , Ma Bobby Ngok-Wah
Published: March 2024

The IEEE community is working on the wireless access in vehicular environments as a main technology for vehicular ad hoc networks. The medium access control (MAC) protocol of this system known as IEEE 802.11p is based on the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 and enhanced DCF of the IEEE 802.11e that have low performance especially in high-density networks with nodes of high mobility. In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol where nodes dynamically organize themselves into clusters. Cluster heads are elected based on their stability on the road with minimal overhead since all clustering information is embedded in control channel's safety messages. The proposed MAC protocol is adaptable to drivers' behavior on the road and has learning mechanism for predicting the future speed and position of all cluster members using the fuzzy logic inference system. By using OFDMA, each cluster will use a set of subcarriers that are different from the neighboring clusters to eliminate the hidden terminal problem. Increasing the system reliability, reducing the time delay for vehicular safety applications and efficiently clustering vehicles in highly dynamic and dense networks in a distributed manner are the main contributions of our proposed MAC protocol.

 
Physical-Rules-Based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inferential Sensor Model for Predicting the Indoor Temperature in Heating Systems
Authors: Huang Liang , Liao Zaiyi , Zhao Lian
Published: March 2024

 Previous research demonstrated that inferential sensors-based control technology can significantly improve the energy efficiency of space heating systems. However, the performance strongly relies on the accuracy and robustness of the dynamic model upon which the inferential model is built. Traditional methods, such as simplified physical model, adaptive neurofuzzy inferential sensor- (ANFIS-) based model, were developed and tested in this research. In attempt to improve both the accuracy and robustness of inferential model, this study aims to investigate how to improve the performance of inferential sensors using physical-rules-based ANFIS in prediction of the hydraulic system temperature in order to adapt the good power needed in the dwellings. This paper presents the structure of this innovative method. The performance is tested using experimental data and is compared with that of previous methods using three performance measures: RMSE, RMS, and R2. The results show that the physical-rule-based ANFIS inferential model is more accurate and robust. The impact of this improvement on the overall control performance is also discussed. 
Weighted sum-rate maximization for multi-user SIMO multiple access channels in cognitive radio networks
Authors: He Peter , Zhao Lian , Lü Jianhua
Published: March 2024

In this article, an efficient distributed and parallel algorithm is proposed to maximize the sum-rate and optimize the input distribution policy for the multi-user single input multiple output multiple access channel (MU-SIMO MAC) system with concurrent access within a cognitive radio (CR) network. The single input means that every user has a single antenna and multiple output means that base station(s) has multiple antennas. The main features are: (i) the power distribution for the users is updated by using variable scale factors which effectively and efficiently maximize the objective function at each iteration; (ii) distributed and parallel computation is employed to expedite convergence of the proposed distributed algorithm; and (iii) a novel water-filling with mixed constraints is investigated, and used as a fundamental block of the proposed algorithm. Due to sufficiently exploiting the structure of the proposed model, the proposed algorithm owns fast convergence. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm is effective and fast convergent. Using the proposed approach, for the simulated range, the required number of iterations for convergence is two and this number is not sensitive to the increase of the number of users. This feature is quite desirable for large scale systems with dense active users. In addition, it is also worth noting that the proposed algorithm is a monotonic feasible operator to the iteration. Thus, the stop criterion for computation could be easily set up.

 
Highly Accurate Visual Method of Mars Terrain Classification for Rovers Based on Novel Image Features
Authors: Lv Fengtian , Liu Chuankai , Gao Haibo , Ding Liang , Deng Zongquan , Liu Guang Jun
Published: March 2024

It is important for Mars exploration rovers to achieve autonomous and safe mobility over rough terrain. Terrain classification can help rovers to select a safe terrain to traverse and avoid sinking and/or damaging the vehicle. Mars terrains are often classified using visual methods. However, the accuracy of terrain classification has been less than 90% in read operations. A high-accuracy vision-based method for Mars terrain classification is presented in this paper. By analyzing Mars terrain characteristics, novel image features, including multiscale gray gradient-grade features, multiscale edges strength-grade features, multiscale frequency-domain mean amplitude features, multiscale spectrum symmetry features, and multiscale spectrum amplitude-moment features, are proposed that are specifically targeted for terrain classification. Three classifiers, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF), are adopted to classify the terrain using the proposed features. The Mars image dataset MSLNet that was collected by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL, Curiosity) rover is used to conduct terrain classification experiments. The resolution of Mars images in the dataset is 256 × 256. Experimental results indicate that the RF classifies Mars terrain at the highest level of accuracy of 94.66%.
Rotor-Flying Manipulator: Modeling, Analysis, and Control
Authors: Yang Bin , He Yuqing , Han Jianda , Liu Guang Jun
Published: March 2024

 Equipping multijoint manipulators on a mobile robot is a typical redesign scheme to make the latter be able to actively influence the surroundings and has been extensively used for many ground robots, underwater robots, and space robotic systems. However, the rotor-flying robot (RFR) is difficult to be made such redesign. This is mainly because the motion of the manipulator will bring heavy coupling between itself and the RFR system, which makes the system model highly complicated and the controller design difficult. Thus, in this paper, the modeling, analysis, and control of the combined system, called rotor-flying multijoint manipulator (RF-MJM), are conducted. Firstly, the detailed dynamics model is constructed and analyzed. Subsequently, a full-state feedback linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed through obtaining linearized model near steady state. Finally, simulations are conducted and the results are analyzed to show the basic control performance. 
On the Relationship between Preferential and Multilateral Trade Liberalization: The Case of Customs Unions
Authors: Yildiz Halis , Saggi Kamal , Woodland Alan
Published: March 2024

This paper compares equilibrium outcomes of two games of trade liberalization. In the Bilateralism game, countries choose whether to liberalize trade preferentially via a customs union (CU ), multilaterally, or not at all. The Multilateralism game is a restricted version of the Bilateralism game in that countries cannot form CUs and can only undertake non-discriminatory trade liberalization. When countries have symmetric endowments, global free trade is the only stable equilibrium of both games. Allowing for endowment asymmetry, we isolate circumstances where the option to form CUs helps further the cause of multilateral liberalization as well as where it does not. (JEL F12, F13)

 
The Power of Sum: An Accountability Sistah Circle
Authors: McLane-Davison Denise , Quinn Camille R. , Hardy Kimberly , Smith Rhoda L.
Published: March 2024

Duoethnography offers the narratives of first-generation Black women scholars who created a virtual community as a transformative safe space for peer mentorship and scholarship. Framed through a womanist epistemological lens, our narratives provide insight about challenges and triumphs of navigating the academy from female scholars of African descent. Unique to this chronicle, the development of an Accountability Sistah Circle in 2012 became an organic transformative community for personal and professional growth. Through the components of this model, which can be implemented with others living in the margins, we uncovered our authentic voices, shared resources, expanded social capital, and developed a ritual that provided a safety shield around us and ultimately helped enhance our academic fortitude.

 
Of Common Bonds: Accounting for Intergenerational Culture Competency in Community Policing
Authors: McLane-Davison Denise , Allen-Milton Sharlene , Archibald Paul , Holmes Robert
Published: March 2024

Community policing is grounded in a set of knowledge and skills that promotes a collaborative relationship between community residents, law enforcement, public and private industry, and governing elected officials to achieve safe and sustainable communities. In the fall of 2016, on the heels of the Department of Justice Civil Rights Division’s Investigative Report, a cohort of Morgan State University’s School of Social Work faculty, trained in the results-based accountability (RBA) model, developed and implemented an interactive workshop on cultural competency with 70 community partners from law enforcement. Cultural competence is an inherit cornerstone of a viable community and police partnership. This article shares how outcome-based performance strategies such as RBA can facilitate a pathway for enhancing community generational cultural competence leading to public safety.
It's Not Just about Work and Living Conditions: The Underestimation of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Black Canadian Women
Authors: Knight Melanie , Ferguson Renée Nichole , Ferguson Renée Nichole , Reece Rai
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has increasingly been defined as the shecession for its disproportionate debilitating impact on women. Despite this gendered analysis, a number of health activists have called on governments to account for the experiences of Black communities as they are disproportionately suffering the effects of this pandemic. In the media’s address of the impact of the pandemic, we ask, what experiences are represented in news stories and are Black women present in these representations. Performing a content analysis of 108 news articles, a reading of media discourses through a racial lens reveals a homogenization of women’s experiences and an absence of the Black experience. In the small number of news stories that do focus on Black women, we see that the health disparities are not simply the result of precarious work and living conditions, but also the struggle against anti-Black racism on multiple fronts. In critiquing, however, we also bring forth the small number of news stories on the Black experience that speak to the desire and hope that can thrive outside of white supremacist structures.
India’s New Rights Agenda: Genesis, Promises, Risks
Authors: Ruparelia Sanjay
Published: March 2024

Since 2004, India has introduced a series of progressive national bills that enact a right to new civic entitlements, ranging from information, work and education to forest conservation, food and basic public services. What explains the emergence of these laws? How are the rights conceived by these acts conceptualized, operationalized and pursued? What are the promises, challenges and risks—legal, political and economic—of enshrining socioeconomic entitlements as formal statutory rights? This paper engages these questions. In part 1, I argue that three slow-burning processes since the 1980s, distinct yet related, catalyzed India’s new rights agenda: high socio-legal activism, rapid uneven development and the expanding popular foundations of its federal parliamentary democracy. Significantly, all three processes exposed the growing nexus between political corruption and socioeconomic inequality. Equally, however, each raised popular expectations for greater social justice that were only partly met. Part 2 of the paper evaluates India’s new rights agenda. The promise of these new laws is threefold: they breach the traditional division of civil, political and socioeconomic rights, devise innovative governance mechanisms that enable citizens to see the state and provide fresh incentives for new political coalitions to emerge across state and society. Several risks exist, however. Official political resistance from above and below, the limited capacities of judicial actors, state bureaucracies and social forces and the relatively narrow base of many of these new movements endanger the potential of these reforms. The paper concludes by considering several imperatives that India’s evolving rights movement must confront to realize its ambition.
Managing the United Progressive Alliance: The Challenges Ahead
Authors: Ruparelia Sanjay
Published: March 2024

The United Progressive Alliance has completed one year. Although all the UPA’s constituents share political responsibility for its performance the Congress’ balance of power within the coalition justifies its greater burden. However, over the past one year, its attempts to turn the terms of power to its advantage have produced many damaging results. This article is an analytical review of the UPA’s electoral strategies and economic policies of the past 12 months which reveals the risks that lie ahead if the Congress and its allies do not change course. 
Financial Relations between Hong Kong and the Mainland
Authors: Hu Jia
Published: March 2024

The financial crisis caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States in 2006 has deeply plunged many Western capitalist countries into multiple political, economic and social crises. This has forced many financial institutions in developed countries to redistribute their assets to strengthen the stability of financial institutions, forcing many Europeans and Americans to return funds to their own countries. As a result, the domestic currency depreciated, and the economic growth slowed down or even went into recession. As an emerging economy, China has been faced with both opportunities and challenges. The financial market has long been regarded as the "barometer" of the national economy, so the deepening relationship, such as the research and cooperation between the financial markets in Hong Kong and the Mainland, can certainly improve the international financial status of both sides. It also promotes the process of building a fair, orderly and inclusive new international order. This paper systematically introduces the political and financial relations between Hong Kong and the Mainland, focusing on the relationships between Shanghai-Hong Kong and Guangdong-Hong Kong financial centers and advocating some suggestions on how to balance the relationship between the three financial centers while speeding up the construction of the national financial center. Using a variety of financial theories and statistics of Hang Seng AH Share Premium Index and Centaline City Leading Index, etc., this paper reaches the conclusion that the financial relationships between the Mainland and Hong Kong have always been close, while the differences between the two markets are more pronounced, steps can definitely be taken to benefit both of them (Zhu, 2013).