bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Praktik Kefarmasian Apoteker pada Tatanan Rumah Sakit
Authors: Herman Max Joseph , Handayani Rini Sasanti , Siahaan Selma Arsit
Published: May 2016

Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No. 36 tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan dan peraturan pemerintah No. 51 tahun 2009 menyatakan bahwa tenaga kesehatan harus mempunyai kualifikasi minimum yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Studi kualitatif secara potong lintang pada tahun 2010 untuk mengidentifikasi kualifikasi apoteker rumah sakit dalam memenuhi persyaratan tersebut di Bandung, Yogyakarta dan Surabaya. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 orang apoteker dari enam rumah sakit dan empat orang direktur/wakil direktur rumah sakit, masing-masing satu orang apoteker dari enam perguruan tinggi farmasi, tiga pengurus Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia, tiga dinas kesehatan provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Observasi praktek kefarmasian dengan menggunakan daftar tilik dilakukan pada tiap rumah sakit dan data sekunder terkait dokumentasi pemantauan dan evaluasi obat, kepuasan pasien, standar operasional prosedur dan kurikulum perguruan tinggi farmasi juga dikumpulkan. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi dan hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan obat dalam hal pengadaan, distribusi dan penyimpanan dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh apoteker rumah sakit. Praktek farmasi klinik dan keselamatan pasien masih sangat terbatas karena alasan sumber daya manusia dan dokumentasi yang memadai. Informasi obat dan konseling kadang dilakukan tanpa fasilitas yang cukup dan apoteker juga terlibat dalam berbagai tim di rumah sakit seperti penanggulangan infeksi nosokomial dan komite farmasi dan terapi.The Indonesian Health Law No. 36 in 2009 and the Government Regulation No. 51 in 2009 state that health-care providers, including pharmacist, shall have minimum qualification set by the government. A qualitative cross sectional was conducted to to identify hospital pharmacist qualification as health care professionals in meeting the requirements was done in 2010 in Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. Data were collected through indepth interviews with pharmacists involving ten hospital pharmacists and four hos- pital directors/vice directors, six pharmacy colleges, three regional pharmacist associations, three provincial health offices and district health offices and observation of pharmacy practices using check list in each hospital was also conducted. Secondary data concerning documentation of drug monitoring and evaluation, patient satisfaction, standard operating procedure and pharmacy college curricula were collected too. Qualitative analysis was done descriptively using triangulation method. The study shows that drug procurement, distribution and storage, was well-managed by pharmacist. Practice in clinical pharmacy and patient safety was still limited for the reason of human resources and appropriate documentation. Drug information and counseling was sometimes conducted without adequate facilities and pharmacist was involved in various hospital teams like nosocomial infection control and pharmacy and therapy committee.
Deskripsi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Perilaku Ibu, dan Kesehatan Anak
Authors: Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo , Elsi Elsa
Published: May 2016

Pada tahun 2009, dilakukan penelitian deskriptif di Kecamatan Jatibarang dan Kecamatan Kedokan Bunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sanitasi lingkungan, dan perilaku ibu-ibu dan kejadian penyakit infeksi pada bayi dan anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan responden ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai bayi/ anak balita berjumlah 401 orang. Penyakit diare pada bayi/anak disebabkan oleh media tercemar yang masuk ke sistem pencernaan melalui sumber air untuk minum maupun mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) yang bukan berasal dari ledeng, keluarga yang tidak mempunyai jamban, ibu yang masih jarang mencuci tangan setelah membersihkan kotoran bayi ataupun setelah buang air besar, meminum dan memakan makanan yang tidak dimasak, dan sampah yang dibuang ke lingkungan. Penyakit Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas (ISPA), pneumonia, dan tuberkulosis paru pada bayi/anak kemungkinan disebabkan media tercemar masuk ke sistem pernapasan melalui sampah yang dibakar, membawa (menggendong) anak sewaktu memasak, merokok di dalam rumah berdekatan dengan bayi/anak, menggunakan obat nyamuk bakar, penderita tuberkulosis paru meludah dan membuang dahak di sembarang tempat dan penderita tidur bersama anggota keluarga yang lain. Penyakit tular vektor pada bayi/anak (malaria) kemungkinan disebabkan upaya pen-cegahan gigitan nyamuk dengan repellent kurang efektif dan penggunaan kelambu masih rendah.In 2009 a descriptive study conducted in the subdistrict Jatibarang and Kedokan Bunder to determine the factors of environmental sanitation, infectious disease in baby/child, and mother’s behavior. Data were collect-ed using questionnaires which respondents are 401 housewives who have a baby/child. Occurrence of diarrhea disease in baby/child because of the possibility of contaminated media through the digestive system by water for drinking and toilets which do not originate from the piping network, families who do not have own toilet, mothers who still seldom washing hands after cleaning the baby’s stool or after a bowel movement, drinking and eating food that is not cooked and throw trash to the environment. Occurrence of respiratory diseases, pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis in baby/child possibly because the media is polluted through the respiratory system by burning garbage, carrying baby/children while, smoking at home or adjacent with babies/children, the use of mosquito coils, pulmonary tuberkulosis patients spit and throw phlegm in random places and sleeping with other family members. The occurrence of vector borne diseases in baby/child (malaria) because of the possibility of preventing mosquito bites with repellent less effective, the use of mosquito nets still low.
Program Edukasi Kesehatan dan Perubahan Lingkar Pinggang pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Kirtishanti Aguslina , Lorensia Amelia , Yudiarso Ananta , Linggani Linggani , Agustina Selvia , Junita Lidia
Published: May 2016

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Hubungan antara diabetes melitus dengan obesitas telah diketahui, tetapi peran distribusi pada daerah abdominal belum sepenuhnya dijelaskan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian edukasi kesehatan terhadap perubahan lingkar pinggang pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan satu kelompok desain pretest-posttest di Surabaya pada bulan Juni - Juli 2013, dan melibatkan 31 subjek yang diberi program edukasi kesehatan selama 1 bulan yang dibagi dalam 4 pertemuan. Data dari pretest dan posttest dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan metode wilcoxon signed rank test pada data yang tidak normal (p > 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku pasien serta mengurangi besar lingkar pinggang pasien secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Lingkar pinggang mulai menunjukan perbedaan signifikan pada minggu ketiga edukasi (Z = 12,93; P = 0,003) dibandingkan pretest. Penurunan lingkar pinggang antara posttest dan pretest sebesar 0,94 cm (minggu ke-4) dan 1,68 (4 bulan kemudian). Oleh karena itu, edukasi kesehatan memiliki manfaat dalam meningkatkan self-monitoring diabetes melitus yang dapat mengurangi lingkar pinggang yang berguna untuk mengurangi risiko komplikasi.Diabetes mellitus is a disease that causes morbidity and mortality in the world. Association of diabetes mellitus with obesity are well known, but the role of distribution in the abdominal area has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of giving education to change waist circumference in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study is an experimental with one group pretest-posttest design in Surabaya, from June July 2013, and involving 31 subjects whom were given health education program for 1 month which are divided in 4 meetings in Surabaya University. Data from the pretest and posttest were collected and analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test method on the data that isn’t normal (p > 0.05). The results showed an increase in knowledge and behavior of patients and reduced significantly the size of the waist circumference (p <0.05). Waist circumference began to show a significant difference in the third week of education (Z = 12.93, P = 0.003) compared to the pretest. The decrease in waist circumferences between the pretest and posttest were 0.94 cm (week 4) and 1.68 (4 months later). Therefore, health education has benefits in increasing self-monitoring of diabetes mellitus that can reduce waist circumference are useful for reducing the risk of complications.
Komunikasi Dokter dengan Sikap Konkordansi pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru, Hipertensi, dan Asma
Authors: Patriani Ita , Ayuningtyas Dumilah
Published: May 2016

Pengobatan penyakit kronik tidak hanya membutuhkan ketersediaan obat dan petugas kesehatan yaitu dokter, tetapi juga tiga faktor yakni kepatuhan (compliance), aderensi (adherency), dan konkordansi ( concordance). Ketiga faktor tersebut sangat penting dalam upaya penanganan penyakit kro-nik, termasuk tuberkulosis (TB) paru, hipertensi, dan asma. Untuk mewujudkan sikap konkordansi, dibutuhkan komunikasi efektif antara dokter dan pasien. Komunikasi yang terjalin efektif akan meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi dalam diri pasien untuk mengikuti nasihat dari dokter. Adapun penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya angka penderita dan angka kegagalan berobat ( drop out) pasien tuberkulosis paru, hipertensi, asma di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan komunikasi dokter dan karakteristik pasien dengan sikap konkordansi pasien. Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 174 pasien TB paru, hipertensi, dan asma sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, pengeluaran, dan komunikasi merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan sikap konkordansi pada pasien TB paru, hipertensi, dan asma. Rekomedasi tindak lanjut dari penelitian ini adalah peningkatan fasilitas ruangan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan komunikasi pasien dan dokter, penyelenggaraan program pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi dokter, dan survei berkala untuk menilai proses komunikasi dokter-pasien.The therapy of chronic diseases is not only needed drugs supply and health staff, that is physician, but also three factors such as compliance, adherence, and concordance. The three of factors are crucial in the handling of chronic diseases like lung tuberculosis, hypertension, and asthma. To accomplish a concordance attitude is needed an effective communication between physician and patient. The effective communication may increase the understanding and motivation of patients to comply the physician’s advice. The research is based on the high prevalence rate and drop out rate of the patients of lung tuberculosis, hypertension, and asthma at Mataram City General Hospital. This research is proposed to show the association of the effectiveness of physician communication and characteristics of patients to the concordance attitude of patients. Cross sectional design was employed in this study with 174 patients of lung tuberculosis, hypertension, and asthma as respondents. The results of this study indicate that education, expenditures, and communication are variables related to concordance in TB, hypertension and asthma patients. It is recommended to maintain room facilities so that patient and doctor feel comfortable to communicate and to conduct a doctor communication skill development program as well as a regular survey of patient-doctor communication process.
Pekerjaan, Nonpekerjaan, dan Psikologi Sosial sebagai Penyebab Kelelahan Operator Alat Berat di Industi Pertambangan Batu Bara
Authors: Susilowati Indri Hapsari , Syaaf Ridwan Zahdi , Satrya Chandra , Hendra Hendra , Baiduri Baiduri
Published: May 2016

Kelelahan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kecelakaan transportasi, ditandai dengan menurunnya kinerja fisik dan mental yang mengakibatkan kurangnya kewaspadaan karena rasa kantuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dan faktor pendukung kelelahan pada operator alat berat. Penelitian dilakukan pada operator alat berat di 3 tambang batubara di Kalimantan (2 area di Kalimantan Timur dan 1 area di Kalimantan Selatan), melibatkan 353 operator alat berat yang bekerja dengan 3 sif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keluhan kelelahan semakin tinggi dengan meningkatnya usia, lama kerja, dan kerja pada sif 3 (malam hari). Kelelahan paling banyak dirasakan oleh operator dump truck (bagian hauling) yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor pekerjaan (postur saat bekerja, faktor variasi pekerjaan, beban kerja dan vigilance) dan faktor-faktor bukan pekerjaan (kondisi medan atau area tambang yang berisiko, penerangan yang kurang pada malam hari, dan rute yang selalu berubah). Faktor lainnya berkaitan dengan masalah sosial-psikologis, baik yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan maupun lingkungan kerja, seperti waktu istirahat, standar gaji yang belum memadai, pengaturan jadwal cuti yang sering tidak jelas, dan masalah karier. Disimpulkan, secara umum kelelahan meningkat dengan bertambahnya usia dan lama kerja, dengan kelelahan yang lebih besar pada pekerja sif 3. Umumnya, penurunan waktu reaksi pekerja sif malam lebih besar daripada waktu reaksi pekerja sif siang.Fatigue is one of the causes of transportation accidents, characterized by reduced physical and mental performance resulting in reduced alertness due to drowsiness. The present study was to determine the risk factors and contributing factors of fatigue suffered by heavy equipment operators. The study was conducted at three coal mining sites in Kalimantan (2 areas in East Kalimantan and 1 area in South Kalimantan) involving 353 heavy equipment operators who work in shifts. It was found that fatigue complaint is higher by older age, longer work, and work at shift 3 (night time). The fatigue is mostly complained by dump truck (hauling part) operators which was influenced by work-related factors (work posture, job variety, workload, vigilance) and non-work related factors (terrain or mine risk area, lack of lighting at night, and route track which is always changed). Another factors related with socio-psychological factors, either related with job or working environment, such as adequacy of rest time, remuneration system, leave system, and insecure career. It is concluded that in general the fatigues were increased as the worker ages were older and longer duration of work, with higher fatigues were suffered at shift 3. Generally, reduced reaction time among shift 3 workers is higher than that those of daytime shift.
Sanitasi Lingkungan Kandang, Perilaku, dan Flu Burung
Authors: Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo , Friskarini Kenti
Published: May 2016

Flu burung (avian influenza) adalah suatu penyakit menular pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza tipe A subtipe H5N1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan perilaku peternak berkaitan dengan flu burung. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner disertai pengamatan lapangan. Besar sampel sebanyak 7.200 yang tersebar di 18 kelurahan, dengan 1.536 responden peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar jenis unggas yang dipelihara oleh masyarakat adalah ayam. Sebagian besar responden mengandangkan unggasnya. Sebesar 65,63% mencuci tangan dengan sabun setelah memegang unggas. Unggas yang mati dimusnahkan dengan cara dibakar 41,08% dan dikubur 50,06%. Tidak menjual unggas peliharaan, baik yang mati maupun yang sakit 86,39%, dan tidak mengonsumsi unggas mati 86,06%, membersihkan kandang secara berkala 43,42%, namun yang melakukan desinfektan kandang hanya 16,66%. Sewaktu ada unggas peliharaannya mati yang mengenakan alat pelindung diri 26,82%, sedangkan yang melapor kepada yang berwenang ketika ada unggas mati hanya 5,17%, dan ketika unggas peliharaanya sakit 18,20%, mengobati unggas yang sakit 21,48%, dan memisahkannya dengan unggas sehat 38,54%. Kegiatan vaksinasi proporsinya relatif kecil. Perilaku sebagian besar peternak masih kurang menunjang upaya pencegahan flu burung.Avian Influenza is a comunibable desease among poultry that coused by influenza type A virus subtipe H5N1. This study aimed to emphasize the discussion of environmental sanitation of the cage and behavioral aspects of poultry keepers. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaire and field observations. Sample as many as 7,200 people across 18 villages, and was gathered 1,536 of poultry keepers. The results illustrated that most of birds that are kept by the people in the study area was chicken and most of the respondents keep poultry into the cage. Washed hands with soap after handling poultry was 65.63%. Burned poultry that found death by 41.08%, and 50.06% by buried it. Not selling and consumed dead or sick by 86.39%, and 86.06%. Periodically clean the cage by 43.42%, and 16.66% disinfectant the cage. Wearing protective instrument when handling dead birds were found 26.82%. Report to the Board of RT/RW when found dead poultry was 15.17%, and 18.20% when the birds was sick. Treat the sick poultry was 21.48%, and separate the sick birds was 38.54 %. Small percentage on vaccinate the poultry. As the conclusion, the behavior of the owner poultry keeper still lacking to support the efforts on the prevention of aviant influenza.
Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Pramestuti Nova
Published: May 2016

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan di beberapa daerah masih sering terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus DBD cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter entomologi dan menggambarkan jenis tempat penampungan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal dan Kota Semarang pada bulan Juni - Oktober 2013 desain potong lintang. Survei jentik dilakukan untuk melihat keberadaan tempat penampungan air pada 100 rumah. Masing-masing kabupaten dipilih tiga lokasi desa endemis DBD. Hasil survei digunakan untuk menghitung nilai parameter entomologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kasus DBD di empat kabupaten/kota terkait dengan keberadaan vektor A. aegypti. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih tingginya persentase jumlah rumah yang ditemukan jentik A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) serta tingginya jumlah kontainer ditemukan jentik A. aegypti pada rumah yang dilakukan survei (Breteau Index). Nilai ovitrap index paling tinggi di Desa Kalikabong Kabupaten Purbalingga sebesar 40%. Proporsi controllable site lebih banyak daripada disposable site, berarti rumah tersebut berisiko tinggi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk.Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused outbreak. In Central Java, incidence of DHF high every years, especially in 2012. This study aimed to analyze the parameters of entomology and describe types of containers. The study was conducted in Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal District and Semarang City in June _ October 2013 with cross-sectional design. Larvae survey had been done in 100 houses in three villages that endemic DHF at every district/city. The survey results are used to calculate parameter entomology. The results showed that existance of DHF cases in four district/city connected with the population of A. aegypti. This matter proved with high percentage of houses that found A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) and the high of container that containing A. aegypti in every houses (Breteau Index). The high of ovitrap index (OI) was 40% in Kalikabong village, Purbalingga district. The proportion of controllable sites more than disposable sites, meaning the house as the high risk of mosquito breeding sites.
Pengaruh Rejimen terhadap Ketidakpatuhan Berobat Tuberkulosis
Authors: Fadila Rizka Nur , Riono Pandu
Published: May 2016

Beban tuberkulosis di Indonesia termasuk lima tertinggi di dunia. Temuan kasus dan pengobatan adalah pilar utama program penanggulangan tuberkulosis. Survei nasional menunjukkan peningkatan penggunaan rejimen tidak standar dari 16,8% (2010) menjadi 55,6% (2013). Peningkatan penggunaan rejimen tidak standar diduga berpengaruh terhadap ketidakpatuhan berobat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ketidakpatuhan berobat pada orang dengan tuberkulosis yang menerima rejimen tidak standar dan rejimen standar. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Analisis logistik multivariabel dilakukan pada sampel 971 orang dengan tuberkulosis yang selesai mendapatkan pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kecenderungan orang dengan tuberkulosis yang menerima rejimen tidak standar memiliki ketidakpatuhan berobat lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan odds untuk tidak menyelesaikan pengobatan lebih tinggi pada orang yang menerima rejimen tidak standar dibandingkan orang yang menerima rejimen standar, yaitu odds ratio terkontrol 2,4 (95% CI odds ratio: 1,7-3,5). Dalam upaya menjamin kepatuhan berobat tuberkulosis, mutu program pengobatan perlu ditingkatkan; di antaranya adalah ketersediaan rejimen standar, penyetaraan standar pengobatan antara fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan swasta dan publik, serta sistem pemantauan minum obat.The influence of Regimen on Poor Adherence of Tuberculosis TreatmentIndonesia is one of five highest tuberculosis burden countries. Case finding and treatment are the main pillars of tuberculosis control program. National survey reported that the usage of nonstandarized regimen is increased from 16,8% (2010) to 55,6% (2013). Increase use of nonstandarized regimen is associated with poor adherence tuberculosis treatment. This study purposed to compare the poor adherence of tuberculosis treatment among people who received standarized regimen and people who received nonstandarized regimen. The study used secondary data of National Health Survey 2010. Analysis used multivariable logistic through 971 people who completed tuberculosis treatment. This study found that people who received nonstandarized regimen had higher poor adherence of tuberculosis treatment than people who received standarized regimen. The result also showed that the odds of not to complete the treatment was higher in people who received nonstandarized regimen than who received standarized regimen, adjusted OR was 2,4 (95% CI OR: 1,7-3,5). To assure the adherence to tuberculosis treatment is to strengthen tuberculosis treatment program; such as the availability of standarized regimen, the equality of standard tuberculosis treatment among public and private health services, and the system of observed treatment.
Kejadian Anemia pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Masni Masni
Published: May 2016

Anemia gizi besi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi pada anak 5 - 12 tahun sebesar 29% di Indonesia dan di Kota Makassar sebesar 37,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan (status kecacingan, status seng, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme dan nonheme, pola konsumsi sumber makanan pelancar dan penghambat zat besi) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 3 - 5 SD Negeri Cambaya Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kota Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 120 siswa yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor determinan kejadian anemia adalah status kecacingan (nilai p = 0,007), kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p = 0,002), pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (nilai p = 0,004), dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (nilai p = 0,016). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (OR = 5,09 dan 95% CI = 1,98 – 13,08) dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (OR = 4,53 dan 95% CI = 1,65 – 12,43) adalah determinan utama kejadian anemia gizi.  Anemia Incidence among Elementary School StudentsIron deficiacy anemia has been a public health problem with prevalence on 5 - 12 year old children worth 29% in Indonesia and 37.6% in Makassar. This study aimed to determine the determinant factors (worm status, zinc status, breakfast habit, consumption pattern of heme and nonheme source of food, consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food) toward anemia incidence. The study used cross sectional design conducted in April - June 2014. The population was third to fifth grade students of Cambaya State Elementary School at Ujung Tanah District , Makassar City. Sample of 120 students were selected randomly. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test. The results showed that the determinant factors of anemia incidence were wormy status (p value = 0.007), breakfast habits (p value = 0.002), consumption pattern of heme and non-heme source of food (p value = 0.004), and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor (p value = 0.016). Multivariate analysis result showed that consumption pattern of heme (OR = 5.09 and 95% CI = 1.98 - 13.08) and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food (OR = 4.53 and 95% CI = 1. 65 - 12.43) was a major determinant of nutritional anemia.
ASI Eksklusif dan Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI
Authors: Prabasiwi Adila , Fikawati Sandra , Syafiq Ahmad
Published: May 2016

Persepsi ketidakcukupan air susu ibu (PKA) adalah keadaan ibu merasa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan ASI eksklusif di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan dan Kecamatan Margadana, Kota Tegal tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian primer dengan desain studi potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 88 ibu dari bayi berusia 0 - 6 bulan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Status gizi ibu dilihat dari kenaikan berat badan ibu sewaktu hamil apakah sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari Institute of Medicine. Asupan energi ibu saat laktasi diukur melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)). Untuk variabel pengetahuan, digunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji kai kuadrat (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik ganda (multivariat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 51,1% ibu mengalami PKA. Variabel pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,001), asupan energi (nilai p = 0,019) dan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) (nilai p = 0,048) berhubungan signifikan dengan PKA setelah dikontrol variabel status gizi, paritas, rawat gabung, perlekatan menyusui, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Faktor pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA.Exclusive Breastfeeding and Perception of Insufficient Milk SupplyPerception of insufficient milk supply (PIM) is the condition in which a mother feels that her breastmilk is insufficient to meet the needs of their babies. Such perception is one of main reasons of the exclusive breastfeeding failure in the world. This study aimed to find out the most dominant factors related to PIM in Tegal Selatan District and Margadana Sub-Districts at Tegal City in 2014. This study was a primary study with a cross sectional design. A total sample of 88 mothers of 0 - 6 months old babies selected in by purposive sampling. Mother’s nutritional status was seen from the increasing of mother’s weight gain during the pregnancy was it met the standards from Institute of Medicine. The mother’s energy intake during lactation was measured through interview using semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)) form. Knowledge variable used structured questionnaire. Analysis used are chi square test (bivariate) and multiple regression logistic (multivariate). The result showed that 51.1% mothers experienced PIM. Variables knowledge (p value = 0.001), energy intake (p value = 0.019), and early initiation of breastfeeding (p value = 0.048) were significantly related to perception after controlled by nutritional status, parity, rooming-in, latch on, family support, and health practitioners support variable. Knowledge is the most dominant factor related to the PIM.
Integrating applied lake ecology into spatial planning: towards a socially acceptable lakeshore restoration at Lake Velence (Hungary)
Authors: Boromisza Zsombor , Ács Tamás , Pádárné Török Éva
Published: May 2016

A good chance of a socially accepted shore-restoration that is sustainable for the long run stands only, if all those, concerned in lake-use, are also interested in the ecological interventions, if shore-restoration serves social and economic purposes, as well. In the previous phase of our research, assessments were made to find the sections of the shore zone that are suitable for restoration: to detect the sites where the existing artificial shoreline stabilization works could be removed. So that social demands should be involved in the assessment process, to begin with, structured interviews were made. According to the results, the share of the plots, being suitable or partially suitable for shore-restoration, slightly exceeded 7%. The analysis of restoration’s limiting factors has shown that the type of shoreline stabilization, the width of zone covered by emergent macrophytes, the extent of human pressures, and the relevant regulations on zoning (fixed in urban plans) together set limits to restoration. The interviews have made it clear that as a result of the changed demands on recreation-tourism, also the natural and landscape values have become more significant
Crisis económica y retorno a la actividad agrícola en Canarias
Authors: Martín Fernández Carlos Santiago , Martín Martín Víctor O.
Published: May 2016

La crisis y la pérdida de activos en subsectores como la construcción y otros asociados a
los servicios, ha propiciado el retorno e incorporación de muchos trabajadores a la actividad
primaria. Un regreso que se lleva a cabo fundamentalmente fuera del sistema de control
oficial, convirtiéndose en una práctica irregular que sostiene muchos hogares canarios. La
Administración, para evitar esta situación, ha llevado a cabo medidas como los bancos de
tierras y los huertos urbanos, que solo han supuesto una solución parcial a las pobres economías
familiares.
First case of intestinal leiomyosarcoma in a bearded dragon: Ultrasonographic findings
Authors: Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak Anna , Śmiech Anna , Chlebicka Nadia , Szczepaniak Klaudiusz O. , Klimiuk Paweł
Published: May 2016

The paper presents a case of leiomyosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) with an ultrasound and histopathological description of pathological changes. According to our knowledge, leiomyosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and its ultrasound features have not been reported in lizards yet. A male bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), aged 4 years, was referred for radiological and ultrasound examination with a history of apathy and loss of appetite. A preliminary diagnosis of an advanced neoplasia process in the caudal coelomic cavity was established by diagnostic imaging methods. The owner decided to euthanize the animal and agreed to a post-mortem examination. After euthanasia, a histopathological examination was performed. In a radiological examination, an irregularly marginated radiopacity measuring 5.8 x 4.0 cm was visible in the central part of the coelom. Serosal margin details in the coelomic cavity were decreased, and differentiation of coelomic organs was impossible. An ultrasound examination confirmed a large amount of free echogenic fluid in the coelomic cavity. The liver had increased echogenicity, and a hypoechoic focal lesion was found in the right lobe. Mixed echogenicity masses were visible in the caudal coelom adjacent to the small intestinal loops. In one of the adjacent intestinal loops, a focal thickening of the small intestinal wall was observed with loss of the normal layered architecture. The mass had complex and mostly low echogenicity with a cystic lesion present in the centre. Necropsy confirmed the presence of proliferative lesions in the body cavity, originating from the intestine and infiltrating the mesentery and the lumbar spine area as well as the gonads located at this site. On the basis of the histological structure of the intestinal tumour, the neoplastic proliferation was classified, according to the WHO classification, to a group of malignant tumours with characteristics of leiomyosarcoma and arising from the smooth muscles. The ultrasonographic features of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma in that lizard corresponded to features found in dogs, in which such tumours occur as eccentric, poorly echogenic masses with anechoic cavities in large changes. Leiomyosarcoma in reptiles can be locally invasive as well. Metastatic foci are also possible, especially in the liver.
Epizootiology of the Schmallenberg virus in Poland
Authors: Kęsik-Maliszewka Julia , Larska Magdalena , Żmudziński Jan F.
Published: May 2016

The Schmallenberg virus (SBV), as a new for Europe Ortobuniaviridae genus member, emerged in Poland in 2012, spreading rapidly across the country. Serological monitoring revealed a continuous increase of seropositivity among farm ruminants; moreover, the virus was detected in the insect vector, i.e. biting midges in different regions. The sylvatic cycle of SBV infections cannot be ruled out due to the detection of SBV antibodies in 24% of free living ruminants. Breeding losses related to SBV infection are difficult to estimate because of the lack of regulations for mandatory notifications. Furthermore specific symptoms associated with congenital malformations in newborns are observed only in a small percentage of intrauterine infections. Due to the current restrictions or bans on the export of animals resulting from SBV infection significant economic losses are recorded. The emergence of a new, never previously detected in Europe arbovirus raises a number of questions about its manner of transmission, vector ecology, the possibility of its spread and prevention as well as control of the diseases.
Spatial and temporal variability of seasonal precipitation in Poyang Lake basin and possible links with climate indices
Authors: Shao Jun , Wang Jun , Lv Sunyun , Bing Jianping
Published: May 2016

Based on the precipitation data of 21 meteorological stations in Poyang Lake basin, the temporal and spatial variability of seasonal precipitation was analyzed by wavelet analysis method. This study adopted the cross wavelet transform to analyze the correlation between the seasonal precipitation and climate indices in time and frequency scales, discussed the possible links between its precipitation variations and climate indices, and preliminarily analyzed its mechanism and regular pattern of variation. The results showed that the oscillations in 2–4 years' and 4–8 years' bands were the main variation periods of seasonal precipitation in Poyang Lake basin. In the 2–4 years' band, the years of rainfall peaks appearing in Poyang Lake were basically consistent with the years when El Niño appeared, and the precipitation oscillations in summer appeared more dramatic in space. According to analysis on the cross wavelet power spectra between different seasonal rainfalls and climate indices, certain correlations between climate factors and seasonal precipitation had existed in specific time periods. Large-scale climate oscillations like the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation caused the variability of large-scale circulations through their respective independent or inter-coupled climate systems, and affected the precipitation distribution in Poyang Lake basin by changing local climate conditions like the East Asian Monsoon.
Volumetric Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid in Healthy and Diseased Sites: A Cross-Sectional Split-Mouth Pilot Study
Authors: Bevilacqua Lorenzo , De Biasi Matteo , Lorenzon Maria Giulia , Frattini Costanza , Angerame Daniele
Published: May 2016

Background:

Researchers have recently drawn attention to the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) for the implementation of the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. Nevertheless, the measurements of volume and biomarkers concentration can be critically biased when data collected from studies with parallel group design are compared, given the technical difficulties, methodological variables, as well as the variability of crevicular fluid characteristics among different individuals.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to assess the GCF and PISF volumes in healthy and diseased sites belonging to the same patient.

Method:

Ten patients presenting a periodontally healthy tooth, a tooth with periodontitis, an implant with healthy peri-implant tissues and an implant with peri-implantitis were enrolled. Samples of GCF and PISF were collected from each site of interest and their volume measured with a Periotron 8000 device. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of the differences in GCF and PISF volumes between i) sites of teeth and dental implants with the same condition of health or disease and ii) healthy and diseased sites of both teeth and dental implants subgroups. The correlation between probing pocket depth (PPD) and fluid production was also tested (p<0.05).

Results:

Healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues produced comparable amounts of fluid that was significantly lower than in diseased sites (p<0.05). In the presence of diagnosed disease, the volumes of GCF and PISF were similar, too. The correlation between PPD and fluid production was significant only in healthy sites (PPD/GCF, ρ=0.890, p<0.001; PPD/PISF, ρ=0.810; p<0.005).

Conclusion:

The periodontal and peri-implant tissues behaved similarly in terms of fluid production in condition of both health and active disease.
Microscopic Study of Surface Microtopographic Characteristics of Dental Implants
Authors: Sezin M. , Croharé L. , Ibañez J.C.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To determine and compare the micro topographic characteristics of dental implants submitted to different surface treatments, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials and Methods:

Implants were divided into 7 groups of 3 specimens each, according to the surface treatment used: group 1: Osseotite, BIOMET 3i; group 2: SLA surface, Institut Straumann AG; group 3: Oxalife surface, Tree-Oss implant; group 4: B&W implant surface; group 5: Q-implant surface; group 6: ML implant surface; group 7: RBM surface, Rosterdent implant. The surfaces were examined under SEM (Carl Zeiss FE-SEM-SIGMA). Image Proplus software was used to determine the number and mean diameter of pores per area unit (mm). The data obtained were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. A confocal laser microscope (LEXT-OLS4100 Olympus) was used to conduct the comparative study of surface roughness (Ra). Data were analyzed using Tukey's HSD test.

Results:

The largest average pore diameter calculated in microns was found in group 5 (3.45 µm+/-1.91) while the smallest in group 7 (1.47µm+/-1.29). Significant differences were observed among each one of the groups studied (p<0.05). The largest number of pores/mm2was found in group 2 (229343) and the smallest number in group 4 (10937). Group 2 showed significant differences regarding the other groups (p<0.05). The greatest roughness (Ra) was observed in group 2 (0.975µm+/-0.115) and the smallest in group 4 (0.304µm+/-0.063). Group 2 was significantly different from the other groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The micro topography observed in the different groups presented dissimilar and specific features, depending on the chemical treatment used for the surfaces..
Effects of Yeast and Bacterial Commensals and Pathogens of the Female Genital Tract on the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance of HeLa Cells
Authors: Tsata Vassiliki , Velegraki Aristea , Ioannidis Anastasios , Poulopoulou Cornelia , Bagos Pantelis , Magana Maria , Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos
Published: May 2016

Commensals of the human body can shift to a pathogenic phase when the host immune system is impaired. This study aims to investigate the effect of seven yeast and two bacterial commensals and opportunistic pathogens isolated from blood and the female genital tract on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of human cervical epithelial cell cultures (HeLa). The pathogensCandida tropicalis,C. parapsilosis,C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. albicansandSaccharomyces cerevisiae, caused a significant decrease in TER as compared to the controls;Lactobacillusspp caused a significant increase in TERversusthe controls andEscherichia colihad no effect on the TER of the cell monolayers. The above data show thatCandidaspp.,S. cerevisiaeandLactobacillusspp. have a non-selective effect on the TER of HeLa cell monolayers. These results are consistent with thein vivonon-selective action of these microorganisms on the various human mucosal epithelia.
Partial replacement of fat with wheat bran in formulation of biscuits enriched with herbal blend
Authors: Filipcev Bojana , Nedeljkovic Natasa , Simurina Olivera , Sakac Marijana , Pestoric Mladenka , Jambrec Dubravka , Saric Bojana , Jovanov Pavle
Published: May 2016

The effects of replacing fat with finely ground wheat bran, at different
levels (30, 40, 50%), in biscuit formulation were investigated with respect
to dough texture and final biscuit characteristics and nutritional quality.
Fat reduction using wheat bran increased dough hardness but decreased
adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness. Biscuit hardness increased and
fracturability decreased with increasing fat replacement level. Changes in
biscuit colour were detectable; lightness increased whereas yellow tone
decreased. Increasing bran level contributed to higher content of protein,
fibres and minerals. The achieved calorie reduction spanned over 14.5-16.2%.
The dietary fibre content increased 2.1-2.8 times in comparison to the
control. Over 30% fat replacement, low sensory scores were obtained. It could
be concluded that fat may be replaced in biscuit formulation, up to 30% with
wheat bran. These ?reduced fat? biscuits had acceptable sensory properties
and additional nutritional improvement due to higher fibres and minerals and
fewer calories.
Novel approach to analytical modelling of steady-state heat transfer from the exterior of TEFC induction motors
Authors: Klimenta Dardan , Hannukainen Antti
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to analytical modelling of steady-state heat transfer from the exterior of totally enclosed fan-cooled induction motors. The proposed approach is based on the geometry simplification methods, energy balance equation, modified correlations for forced convection, the Stefan-Boltzmann law, air-flow velocity profiles, and turbulence factor models. To apply modified correlations for forced convection, the motor exterior is presented with surfaces of elementary 3-D shapes as well as the air-flow velocity profiles and turbulence factor models are introduced. The existing correlations for forced convection from a short horizontal cylinder and correlations for heat transfer from straight fins (as well as inter-fin surfaces) in axial air-flows are modified by introducing the Prandtl number to the appropriate power. The correlations for forced convection from straight fins and inter-fin surfaces are derived from the existing ones for combined heat transfer (due to forced convection and radiation) by using the forced-convection correlations for a single flat plate. Employing the proposed analytical approach, satisfactory agreement is obtained with experimental data from other studies.
Application of stereology for two-phase flow structure validation in fluidized bed reactors
Authors: Anweiler Stanisław , Masiukiewicz Maciej
Published: May 2016

Paper describes a novel method for two-phase gas-solid flow structure
validation in fluidized bed reactors. Investigation is based on application
of stereology techniques. This is an innovative approach in the field of
fluidization phenomena research. Study is focused on the analysis of flow
structure images, obtained with high-speed visualization of the fluidization
process. Fluidization is conducted in transparent narrow channel, where
plastic balls are fluidized by air. Applied stereological analysis is
grounded on the linear method and on the method of random and directed
secants. This enables 2-dimensional image measurement and 3-dimensional
stereological extrapolation. The major result is that for each two-phase
gas-solid flow structure a set of stereological parameters exists. This
enables quantification of the process. It has been found that the observation
of inter-relation of all stereological parameters, during the changing of the
flow structure, can be used for system control. The basic conclusion is that
knowledge about the character of the changes may be used for constant process
adjustment for various two phase systems such as gas-solid or gas-liquid.
Numerical investigation of an R744 liquid ejector for supermarket refrigeration systems
Authors: Haida Michal , Smolka Jacek , Palacz Michal , Bodys Jakub , Nowak Andrzej , Bulinski Zbigniew , Fic Adam , Banasiak Krzysztof , Hafner Armin
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a numerical investigation of an R744 liquid ejector
applied to a supermarket refrigeration system. The use of the liquid ejector
enables the operation of the evaporator in a flooded mode and recirculates
the R744 liquid phase, which improves the energy efficiency of the
refrigeration system. The investigation was performed using two ejectors of
different sizes installed in a multi-ejector block. The numerical model was
formulated based on the homogenous equilibrium model and validated with the
experimental results. The influence of the pre-mixer, mixer and diffuser
dimensions on the ejector performance measured using the mass entrainment
ratio is presented. The results show that the best liquid ejector performance
was obtained for the short lengths of the pre-mixer and mixer compared to the
broadly investigated two-phase ejectors connected to the evaporator port. In
addition, wide diffuser angles improved the mass entrainment ratio of both
liquid ejectors, which may lead to a reduction in the diffuser length.
Solutions of Cattaneo-Hristov model of elastic heat diffusion with Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivatives
Authors: Koca Ilknur , Atangana Abdon
Published: May 2016

Recently Hristov using the concept of a relaxation kernel with no singularity developed a new model of elastic heat diffusion equation based on the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative as an extended version of Cattaneo model of heat diffusion equation. In the present article, we solve exactly the Cattaneo-Hristov model and extend it by the concept of a derivative with non-local and non-singular kernel by using the new Atangana-Baleanu derivative. The Cattaneo-Hristov model with the extended derivative is solved analytically with the Laplace transform, and numerically using the Crank-Nicholson scheme.