bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theological Issues of Reform Discourse in the Muslim World: Ijtihad and Taqlid in Fundamentalism and Traditionalism
Authors:   Institute  for  Philosophy,  Political  Science  and  Religious  Studies  of  the  CS  MSHE  RK, Satershinov Bakhytzhan , Abdramanova Aigul ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Bidakhmetova Shynar ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: November 2023

From a semi-nomadic traditional society to a modern Kazakhstani society, which experienced violent Soviet modernization in the 20th century, the main condition for changing the identity of the main social components is decolonization and renewal of public consciousness. The task of this modernization is to get rid of archaic outdated ideas about human, society and the state, their interrelationships, obsolete traditions and customs, their rudiments and stereotypes in the national and religious mentality. However, at the same time, another unshakable principle of consciousness renewal is the unshakable preservation of the fundamental spiritual and moral values created during the historical development of the nation, that is, the religious and cultural code that forms the core of the national identity. These two trends need a scientifically based premise to find an effective balance between tradition and innovation. Therefore, consideration of the theological issues of the reformist discourse in the Muslim world, especially the analysis of the struggle between modernism and progressiveness that took place in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, leads us to the rise of the themes of ijtihad and taqlid in Islamic fundamentalism and traditionalism.
Global epidemiological characteristics of uterine fibroids
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Fangfang , Chen Lingying , Tong Haofei
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The aim of the study was to examine the burden of uterine fibroids at global, regional and national levels in terms of age and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

Material and methods

Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 dataset. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence of uterine fibroids, and trends in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were examined. All measures examined were stratified by region, country, age and SDI to assess the effects of these variables on the incidence of uterine fibroids.

Results

The global age-standardized incidence rate of uterine fibroids increased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24 to 0.27). In contrast, the global age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of –0.27 (95% CI: –0.31 to –0.23). High and low-middle SDI regions experienced significantly higher age-standardized incidence rates. Moreover, in 2019, low and low-middle SDI regions had significantly higher age-standardized DALY rates due to uterine fibroids than other SDI regions. Regionally, Eastern Europe had the highest age-standardized incidence rate of uterine fibroids in 2019, and Tropical Latin America experienced the greatest increase in age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019. Nationally, Brazil (EAPC = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.35–1.57) and India (EAPC = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.94–1.25) experienced the most significant increases in age-standardized uterine fibroid incidence. Age-standardized DALY rates increased the most in Tropical Latin America, high-income North America and Oceania.

Conclusions

Globally, the age-standardized incidence of uterine fibroids has been increasing in recent years. In contrast, age-standardized DALY rates have exhibited a decreasing trend. Eastern Europe, Tropical Latin America, Brazil and India experience the greatest uterine fibroid burden. Globally, women aged 35–39 years and older have an increased risk of uterine fibroids, as reflected in the higher incidence rates among these age groups.
Influence of the exercise intensity during EA Sport Active 2 on physiology and psychology variables
Authors: Damasceno Vinicius , Gomes David , Melo Maria , De Souza Danilo Edson , Gonçalves Reginaldo , Santos Lucas , Costa Bruna , Santos André , Dolezal Brett , Campos Eduardo , Santos Tony
Published: November 2023

Purpose.

Exergames purportedly aim to gamify physical activity, achieving both the high engagement rates found in video games and the health benefits derived from regular exercise. Therefore, this study sought to verify the influence of the EA® Active Sport 2® game level on heart rate, perceived exertion and future intention to play, affection, and fun.

Methods.

28 individuals (19 men and 9 women) aged between 19 and 25 years, students, participated in the study. The volunteers had their body composition measured and completed an exercise preference and tolerance questionnaire. On the second visit, the participants had their resting heart rate measured and, subsequently, underwent a maximum incremental test to determine the ventilatory thresholds. The third and fifth visits tested different exercise intensities (light, moderate and strong) determined by EA Active Sport, for PlayStation 3. To minimise the risk of bias, the sessions were randomised. Heart rate, affection, perceived exertion, motivation and future intention to play were measured in game sessions.

Results.

During exercise, the mean heart rate (HR) at rest was below the heart rate reserve (HRres) and the ventilatory threshold 1 (LV1) in low-intensity exercise and in the lower limit of the heavy domain for moderate and Active Game High. The assessment of perceived exertion (RPE) and affection did not show differences between the different intensities of the game.

Conclusions.

The EA Active Sport 2 differentiates light from moderate and high-intensity exercise, but not between moderate and high game intensities. Affection, RPE, intention to play, and enjoyment did not differ between game intensities.
Pre-workout supplementation of capsaicin does not increase resistance training performance in a multiexercise protocol in trained men
Authors: Fonseca Igor C.S. , Cruz Vernon M. , Fonseca Mariana , Silva Ronaldo A.D. , Simões Carolina B. , Gomes Pau la L.C. , Drummond Marcos D.M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of capsaicin supplementation on performance, perceived exertion, and perceived effects in a resistance training protocol for the lower body.

Methods.

The sample was 14 young men (22.21 ± 2.55 years; 82.35 ± 5.16 kg; 174 ± 0.7 cm; 9.08 ± 2.73% of body fat), with 4.19 ± 2.98 years of experience in resistance training. The study design was randomised, double-blind and crossover. The subjects performed the training protocol after consuming Capsaicin (12 mg) (CAP) or a placebo (PLA). The training protocol was: five sets of Back Squats and Leg Presses 45°, with 70% of 1RM until failure. The interval between sets was 90 seconds and 120 seconds between exercises. The number of maximum repetitions (NMR) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after each set.

Results.

The paired t-test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between PLA and CAP in the mean NMR (p = 0.251; 95%CI = –5.47 – 19.18), mean session volume load (VL) (weight lifted × NMR) (p = 0.117; 95%CI = –582.70 – 4639.99) and in the mean RPE (p = 0.458; 95%CI = –0.81 – 0.39).

Conclusions.

The acute capsaicin supplementation did not change the perception of vigour and side effects. Therefore, pre-workout capsaicin supplementation did not alter performance, RPE, or perceived effects in a lower body multi-exercise training protocol in trained men.
Can leading a physically active and healthy lifestyle prevent gaining the freshman 15?
Authors: Anderson Jonathan R. , Bloom Myra J. , Broshous Wyatt T. , Chen Gladys Y.X. , Jost Scarlet R. , Lang Andrew S.I.D. , Neto Luiz Carlos L.D.S. , Mankin Nancy V. , McMahan Erika R. , Merheb Jonathan A. , Nelson Philip P. , Valderrama-Araya Enrique F.
Published: November 2023

Purpose.

The purpose of this study is to investigate if leading a physically active and healthy lifestyle can prevent the weight gain typically experienced during the freshman year of college – the ‘Freshman 15’.

Methods.

Study participants (N = 525) were from three cohorts of incoming students (2018–2020) at a mid-sized university in the West South-Central United States. The weight of each study participant was measured at three points over a year: beginning of their first semester, beginning of their second semester, and beginning of their third semester. During the study, students were encouraged to lead physically active and healthy lifestyles and to exercise daily. Weight changes at sixth months and one-year intervals were recorded as percentages.

Results.

Freshmen weight gain/loss depended upon initial weight with freshmen who arrived on campus with relatively lower weights (≤100 kg) tending to gain weight, especially males, whilst freshmen who arrived on campus with relatively higher weights (≥100 kg) tended to lose weight. This finding was both more apparent and more statistically significant at the
1-year mark than at the 6-months mark.

Conclusions.

Several previous studies have linked freshmen weight gain to initial weight with students with higher initial weights gaining the most. However, our results show that maintaining a physically active and healthy lifestyle when entering college reverses this trend – with students with high initial weights losing weight. Thus, living a physically active and healthy lifestyle, which includes aerobic exercise, can prevent the fat mass weight gain often experienced by college freshmen.
Effects of Exercise-Induced Neuromuscular Fatigue on Jump Performance and Lower-Limb Asymmetries in Youth Female Team Sport Athletes
Authors: Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Bishop Chris , Montalvo Alicia M , Buscà-Safont Bernat , Arboix-Alió Jordi
Published: November 2023

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acute neuromuscular fatigue on unilateral jump performance and inter-limb asymmetries. Thirty elite youth female team sport athletes (age: U-14 to U-18) performed the Unilateral Countermovement Jump (UCJ) and the Unilateral Drop Jump (UDJ) (18-cm box) tests before and approximately 10 minutes after the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). A paired samples t-test showed significant reductions in UCJ jump height in the right leg after the 30-15 IFT (p = 0.018; d = 0.33), but not in the left leg (p = 0.459; d = 0.48). For the UDJ, significant reductions in jump height were shown in both the right (p < 0.001; d = 0.33) and left (p < 0.001; d = 0.33) legs. In addition, for the reactive strength index (UDJ), significant reductions were seen in the left leg after the 30-15 IFT (p < 0.001; d = 0.31), but not in the right leg (p = 0.948; d < 0.001). Only UCJ inter-limb jump height asymmetries increased significantly post 30-15 IFT (p = 0.033; d = 0.46). In conclusion, the current study indicates that the 30-15 IFT provides a sufficient dose of activity for inducing acute fatigue in elite youth female team sport athletes. Therefore, monitoring jump height in unilateral jump testing is recommended given the tests’ sensitivity to detect significant differences in physical performance and inter-limb asymmetries under acutely fatigued conditions in healthy youth female athletes.
The Effects of EEG Biofeedback Training
on Visual Reaction Time in Judo Athletes
Authors: Pronczuk Magdalena , Trybek Grzegorz , Terbalyan Artur , Markowski Jarosław , Pilch Jan , Krzysztofik Michał , Kostrzewa Maciej , Mostowik Aleksandra , Maszczyk Adam
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study was to expand the current knowledge on the effects of EEG biofeedback training on the reaction time of judo athletes, as well as to develop an optimal EEG training protocol in terms of the number of sessions and their duration that would significantly improve the reaction time of athletes. The study included 24 male athletes from the national team of the Polish Judo Association. The selected group was randomly divided into two subgroups: experimental and control. The study was conducted in four cycles varying in terms of frequency and duration of neurofeedback (NFB) sessions, both in the control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, each training cycle consisted of 15 sessions, followed by a four-week break. The effects of NFB training on the visual reaction time of judo athletes were evaluated using computerized simple and complex reaction time tests along with selected trials of the Vienna Test System (VTS). Following NFB training according to the theta/beta1 protocol, while maintaining appropriate duration and frequency of individual training sessions, statistically significant improvements in reaction times to visual stimuli of athletes, both in simple and complex tasks, were observed in the experimental group. No such changes were found in the control group. The greatest improvement in reaction times was observed in complex tasks, indicating the high effectiveness of EEG biofeedback training in enhancing this ability.
Reality Counseling Based on The Board of Instructions for Student Hardiness
Authors: Syarifuddin Ummah Karimah , Widiyanti Wiwied , Bariyah Oneng Nurul , Sadari Sadari , Irfan Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Hardiness is needed by students when in boarding school. Phenomena experienced by students, such as feelings of not feeling at home, strict rules, busy activities, and adjusting to the conditions of the boarding school. The urgency of the research is to reveal the importance of boarding school-based Reality Counseling as a new innovation that researchers have made in counseling development, which combines boarding school culture with reality counseling developed by William Glasser.  The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between the educational objectives of the boarding school so that santri as humans have a relationship with God, namely as a human spiritual bridge and become a kaffah and tafaqquh fiddin person. The research data is supported by the results of pesantren-based reality counseling experiments conducted on Darul Rahman Ciganjur students, South Jakarta in developing students' spiritual hardiness with effective results in the commitment aspect. The research method in this study used research and development with quasi-experiments, the research subjects as participants were 11 students of class VIII MTs Ciganjur, South Jakarta. The procedure begins with preliminary studies, planning, implementation and results. To measure reality counseling using a questionnaire with statistical tests using the SPSS model. The results showed that reality counseling based on boarding school is effective for developing students' hardiness in the aspect of commitment, namely the average score (mean) of students' hardiness between before and after being given reality counseling services a significant increase in the average score of the commitment aspect, which is 1. It is concluded that this reality counseling can be used as a basis for developing strategies to develop students' hardiness in the aspect of commitment. The implication of the findings of this study is that boarding school can improve programs that can improve the hardiness aspects of students in control and challenge.
Watch This Space: Library Renovations, Repercussions, and Reimaginings--Introduction
Authors: Thrift Jean
Published: November 2023

In 2022, the South Carolina Library Association (SCLA) College & University Section officers organized a Q&A-style discussion panel, “Watch This Space: Library Renovations, Repercussions, and Reimaginings,” presented at the SCLA Annual Conference. Some of the authors who participated in the panel--Ruth Hodges, South Carolina State University; Kim Kelley, University of South Carolina Beaufort; Ann Holderfield, formerly of the University of South Carolina Beaufort; and John Barnett, University of South Carolina Upstate--have written about their experiences.
The Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Serum Levels of Vitamin D
Authors: Hameed Maria , Zia Mudassar , Qayyum Muniza , Hameed Hijab , Yasmin Riffat , Zahra Shabab
Published: November 2023

Objective: To find out the status of vitamin D in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Material and Methods: This comparative study was conducted in Govt Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital. Duration of study was from June 2017 to June 2018. A case control study was carried out on 60 patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (age range 25 to 60 years fulfils the criteria of 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification. Duration of study was from June 2017 to June 2018. Patients/controls were comprised as group A (30 patients with mild arthritis), group B (30 patients with moderate form of arthritis) and group C (20 age, sex matched healthy controls). Results: Mean age of patients was 36.50 years. Majority of women were house wives with average health status with normal pulse rate and blood pressure. Clinical variables of patients showed the small joint involvement, swelling, tenderness with moderate to severity of disease. It is observed that the level of vitamin D was significantly low in group of patients presented with severe form of arthritis as compared to group of patient who has mild to moderate arthritis. Study also observed that both group of patient has significantly low levels of vitamin D as compared to controls. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and may be linked to severity in RA. It is therefore a need of supplementation of Vitamin D for the pain relief in RApatients.
Challenging the Safety Profile of Bipolar TURP Regarding Dilutional Hyponatremia
Authors: Ali Ghazanfar Noman , Hassan Sohail , Niaz Shahid , Sajjad Muhammad Raheem , Muhammad Umar Rana , Rasheed Khokhar Abdur
Published: November 2023

Objective: To measure the extent of Dilutional Hyponatremia after Transurethral resection of prostate using Bipolar Resection Technique. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Social Security Teaching Hospital Lahore. The study was carried out between 1st June 2022 to 30th November 2022. All patients who were candidates of surgical option and were planned TURP were included. They had pre-operative sodium levels done and this was compared to post operative levels on first post operative day. All patients included in the study had moderate prostate size and had resection time less than one hour. Results: Total 45 patients having undergone bipolar TURP were included in the study. Among these 45 patients, 19 patients had a decrease in sodium levels postoperatively ,further in these 19 patients, 14 patients had a decrease of less than 5 mEq/L .In 2 out of total 45 patients the sodium levels remained same post operatively. In 24 patients out of total 45 there was an increase in sodium levels, further in these 24 patients ,19 patients had an increase of less than 5mEq/L . In all 45 patients no clinical symptoms of dilutional hyponatremia were observed. Conclusion: There was no significant dilutional hyponatremia seen after bipolar TURP and wherever observed did not caused any clinical impact , proclaiming Bipolar TURP as a safe option for prevention of dilutional Hyponatremia during surgery for Benign prostate enlargement (BPE).
La Seguridad Social de los funcionarios públicos: diferentes regímenes de previsión social y problemática derivada de su inclusión en el Régimen General de la Seguridad Social
Authors: Juarros Vallés Francisco , Cervera I Fornas Vicent
Published: November 2023

El tema de la Seguridad Social de los funcionarios públicos es bastante tratado por la doctrina. Sin embargo, resulta curioso observar cómo al hablar de los diferentes sistemas de Derechos Pasivos de los funcionarios públicos, normalmente no se menciona el Régimen General de la Seguridad Social. Tal vez ello se deba a que no es un Régimen exclusivo para los funcionarios, a diferencia de otros, y también a que los funcionarios incluidos en el mismo, en principio tenían diversas peculiaridades, hasta el punto que más que una relación puramente estatutaria, antiguamente eran sujetos de una relación de carácter híbrida, al ser competente la Jurisdicción Social en los litigios que se produjeran respectos de los mismos, como luego explicaremos.
Seguridad Social de los funcionarios públicos: modificaciones introducidas por la Ley 31/1991, de Presupuestos Generales del Estado para 1992
Authors: Juarros Vallés Francisco , Cervera I Fornas Vicent
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo no intenta ser un estudio exhaustivo sobre todas las modificaciones, en relación a la Seguridad Social de los funcionarios públicos, introducidas en la Ley 31/1991,de Presupuestos Generales del Estado para 1992, sino efectuar un breve comentario que actualice el contenido del estudio publicado en el número 107 de esta Revista por los mismos autores.
Tampoco intenta, pues resultaría odiosa, la persecución de cada uno de los puntos trata-dos en aquél, que pueden devenir modificados. Se trata, por el contrario, de comentar aquellas situaciones que a nuestro juicio parecen más significativas en orden a entender las novedades en su contenido. Por consiguiente, obviamos toda referencia a la actualización económica delas prestaciones, remitiéndonos a las normas contenidas en la propia Ley de Presupuestos y en el Real Decreto 2/1992, de 10 de enero (sobre revalorización de pensiones), o aquellas cuya modificación no supone una alteración sustancial del contenido del trabajo (como las pensiones extraordinarias por actos de terrorismo, contempladas en la disposición adicional decimonovena; la jubilación voluntaria de determinados funcionarios, en la disposición transitoria quinta; las bases reguladoras de las prestaciones de los Altos Cargos de la disposición adicional duodécima; o la integración de la Mutualidad Nacional de Previsión de la Administración Local (MUNPAL) en el Régimen General de la Seguridad Social).
Key success factors for digital personal banking in the iLembe District : a consumer perspective
Authors:   , Ramsundra Avikar
Published: November 2023

The study provides insight into the constructs that influence the use of digital banking within the iLembe District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Financial technology improvements have made personal banking simpler, allowing a range of services to be accessed anytime and anywhere. It is known that financial technology advances have drastically improved the ways in which consumers bank, but it has not yet been established what impact the growth of financial technology has on the perception and use of digital personal banking among people in developing economies. The aim of this study was to identify the key success factors for digital personal banking among consumers in the iLembe district, KwaZulu-Natal. It clarifies the link between financial technology developments, and the perception and use of digital personal banking by consumers. The objectives of the study were to: (1) investigate consumers’ level of adoption of digital personal banking, (2) establish the constructs encouraging the use and growth of digital personal banking, and (3) assess the relationship between consumers’ level of adoption of digital personal banking and the constructs encouraging digital banking. At the conclusion of this study, the relationship between financial technology and the different constructs of digitisation in consumer banking were identified. Income is shown to have the highest level of significance of all demographic variables influencing preference for digital personal banking, followed by the age variable. Gender and education had no significant influence. Although all the independent variable constructs had significant relationships with preference of digital personal banking, online service quality, usability and consumer experience were the most important. Branch service quality relationship was negative, while all the others were positive. How this can influence consumers in a developing economy such as South Africa is discussed, as are recommendations for banks on how better they can promote digital personal banking, and to which type of consumers. Further empirical research is suggested to further understand this situation in a developing economy.
Service quality at Durban University of Technology, Centre for Social Entrepreneurship Rapid Incubator
Authors:   , Nyamurima Solomon
Published: November 2023

Business incubators have emerged as crucial mechanisms for fostering entrepreneurship and propelling global economic growth. These programmes provide aspiring entrepreneurs with essential resources, mentoring, and support services in order to facilitate the creation and launch of successful businesses. As a consequence, business incubators have become essential components of government agencies, particularly those with a primary focus on entrepreneurship. The study aims to assess the quality of service provided by the Durban University of Technology Centre for Social Entrepreneurship Rapid Incubator (DUT CSERI). The SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to assess the expectations and perceptions of SMMEs in relation to five quality dimensions. Non-probability sampling and convenience sampling were utilised to select 330 SMMEs affiliated with the DUT CSERI. Inferential and descriptive statistical analyses were utilised to assess the quality provided by the DUT CSERI. This study revealed that the DUT CSERI provides SMMEs with exceptional service quality. This is evidenced by the fact that SMME’s perceptions of service quality exceeded their expectations. However, there is room for continuous improvement, as five out of twenty-two service quality gaps were successfully identified. It is recommended that CSERI improve its tangibility and reliability service quality dimensions
Published by the Author: Self-Publication in Nineteenth-Century African American Literature
Authors: Sinche Bryan
Published: November 2023

Publication is an act of power. It brings a piece of writing to the public and identifies its author as a person with an intellect and a voice that matters. Because nineteenth-century Black Americans knew that publication could empower them, and because they faced numerous challenges getting their writing into print or the literary market, many published their own books and pamphlets in order to garner social, political, or economic rewards. In doing so, these authors nurtured a tradition of creativity and critique that has remained largely hidden from view. Bryan Sinche surveys the hidden history of African American self-publication and offers new ways to understand the significance of publication as a creative, reformist, and remunerative project. Full of surprising turns, Sinche’s study is not simply a look at genre or a movement; it is a fundamental reassessment of how print culture allowed Black ideas and stories to be disseminated to a wider reading public and enabled authors to retain financial and editorial control over their own narratives.
DARE to Say No: Policing and the War on Drugs in Schools
Authors: Felker-Kantor Max
Published: November 2023

With its signature "DARE to keep kids off drugs" slogan and iconic t-shirts, DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) was the most popular drug education program of the 1980s and 1990s. But behind the cultural phenomenon is the story of how DARE and other antidrug education programs brought the War on Drugs into schools and ensured that the velvet glove of antidrug education would be backed by the iron fist of rigorous policing and harsh sentencing. Max Felker-Kantor has assembled the first history of DARE, which began in Los Angeles in 1983 as a joint venture between the police department and the unified school district. By the mid-90s, it was taught in 75 percent of school districts across the United States. DARE received near-universal praise from parents, educators, police officers, and politicians and left an indelible stamp on many millennial memories. But the program had more nefarious ends, and Felker-Kantor complicates simplistic narratives of the War on Drugs. He shows how policing entered US schools and framed drug use as the result of personal responsibility, moral failure, and poor behavior deserving of punishment rather than something deeply rooted in state retrenchment, the abandonment of social service provisions, and structures of social and economic inequality.
The Carceral City: Slavery and the Making of Mass Incarceration in New Orleans, 1803-1930
Authors: Bardes John
Published: November 2023

Americans often assume that slave societies had little use for prisons and police because slaveholders only ever inflicted violence directly or through overseers. Mustering tens of thousands of previously overlooked arrest and prison records, John K. Bardes demonstrates the opposite: in parts of the South, enslaved and free people were jailed at astronomical rates. Slaveholders were deeply reliant on coercive state action. Authorities built massive slave prisons and devised specialized slave penal systems to maintain control and maximize profit. Indeed, in New Orleans—for most of the past half-century, the city with the highest incarceration rate in the United States—enslaved people were jailed at higher rates during the antebellum era than are Black residents today. Moreover, some slave prisons remained in use well after Emancipation: in these forgotten institutions lie the hidden origins of state violence under Jim Crow. With powerful and evocative prose, Bardes boldly reinterprets relations between slavery and prison development in American history. Racialized policing and mass incarceration are among the gravest moral crises of our age, but they are not new: slavery, the prison, and race are deeply interwoven into the history of American governance.
First-Year Teachers’ Perceptions of Pre-Service Wellness and Physical Activity Integration Coursework and the First-Year Transition
Authors: STAPP Alicia , SHANE Abbey
Published: November 2023

First-year teachers encounter complex challenges such as classroom management, time constraints, expansive curricula, and adapting to a new school environment. Transitioning can be difficult for first-year teachers who are not exposed to such realities during teacher preparation. To investigate this topic a qualitative approach was employed to examine first-year teachers’ perceptions of four sequential pre-service courses designed to address the first-year transition. A focus group was conducted to determine preparedness for the transition, usefulness of the coursework, and its impact on first-year teachers’ pedagogy and student learning. Following data analyses the following themes emerged: a) feasibility of putting it into practice; b) sharing and collaboration; and c) preparation is in the details. In sum, first-year teachers indicated they were prepared for their first year, feasibly collaborated and shared their integrated pedagogical methods, and ultimately developed a sense of belonging as a result of their experiences in the pre-service coursework.
Representation of Women in Demi Nama Baik Kampus Short Films from Sara Mills’ Perspective
Authors: Wibawani Sri , Anwar Miftahulkhairah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to reveal the representation of women in the short film Demi Nama Baik Kampus from the perspective of Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis. This research includes descriptive qualitative research with a critical paradigm. The research data are characters' speeches that show the form and meaning of actors' positions, while the data source comes from the short film Demi Nama Baik Kampus. The data collection was done by a note-taking technique that refers to Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis theory. The results showed that (1) the subject position is occupied by Sinta; (2) the object position is occupied by Mr. Rector and Mr. Arie; and (3) the audience position is directed to take themselves from the perspective of Sinta as a victim of sexual harassment who was silenced for the sake of maintaining the good name of the campus. At the end of the story, women are represented as brave, persistent, tough, strong, and powerful. In general, the implications of this research emphasize a more positive paradigm, inspire more responsible and inclusive media use, and promote the development of narratives that support gender equality and women's empowerment.Keywords: representation, women, short films, Sara Mills
Drop Size Distribution Retrieval Using Dual Frequency Polarimetric Weather Radars
Authors: Durbin Daniel , Wang Yadong , Chang Pao-Liang
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Having knowledge of the drop size distribution (DSD) is of particular interest to researchers as it is widely applied to quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) methods. Polarimetric radar measurements have previously been utilized to derive DSD curve characteristics frequently modeled as a gamma distribution. Likewise, approaches using dual frequency measurements have shown positive results. Both cases have relied on the need to constrain the relationship between the DSD parameters based on prior knowledge or assumptions of the collected data. This paper presents a methodology for retrieving the DSD parameters using the dual frequency and polarimetric nature of measurements from a unique data set taken at co-located S-band and C-band dual polarization radars. Using the reflectivity and differential phase measurements from each radar, an optimization routine employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) and T-Matrix computation of radar parameters is able to accurately retrieve the gamma distribution parameters without the constraints required in previous methods. Retrieved results are compared to known truth data collected using a network of OTT PARSIVEL disdrometers in Taiwan in order to assess the success of this procedure.
Incremental Analysis Update (IAU) in the Model for Prediction Across Scales coupled with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (MPAS-JEDI 2.0.0)
Authors: Ha Soyoung , Guerrette Jonathan J. , Hernandez Banos Ivette , Skamarock William C. , Duda Michael G.
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In a cycling system where data assimilation (DA) and model simulation are executed consecutively, the model forecasts initialized from the analysis (or data assimilation) can be systematically affected by dynamic imbalances generated during the analysis process. The high-frequency noise arising from the imbalances in the initial conditions can impose constraints on computational stability and efficiency during subsequent model simulations and can potentially become the low-frequency waves of physical significance. To mitigate these initial imbalances, the incremental analysis update (IAU) has long been utilized in the cycling context. This study introduces our recent implementation of the IAU in the Model for Prediction Across Scales for the Atmospheric component (MPAS-A), coupled with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI), through the cycling system called MPAS-Workflow. During the integration of the compressible nonhydrostatic equations in MPAS-A, analysis increments are distributed over a predefined time window (e.g., 6 hours) as fractional forcing at each time step. In a real case study with the assimilation of all conventional and satellite radiance observations every 6 h for one month, starting from mid-April 2018, model forecasts with IAU show that the initial noise illustrated by surface pressure tendency becomes well constrained throughout the forecast lead times, enhancing the system reliability. The month-long cycling with the assimilation of real observations demonstrates the successful implementation of the IAU capability in the MPAS-JEDI cycling system. Along with the comparison between the forecasts with and without IAU, several aspects on the implementation in MPAS-JEDI are discussed. Corresponding updates have been incorporated into the MPAS-A model (originally based on version 7.1), which is now publicly available in MPAS-JEDI and MPAS-Workflow Version 2.0.0.
Grain growth of ice doped with soluble impurities
Authors: Wang Qinyu , Fan Sheng , Qi Chao
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The grain size of polycrystalline ice affects key parameters related to the dynamics of ice masses, such as the rheological and dielectric properties of terrestrial ice flow as well as the ice shells of icy satellites. To investigate the effect of soluble impurities on the grain-growth kinetics of polycrystalline ice, we conducted annealing experiments on polycrystalline ice samples doped with different concentrations of KCl (10−2, 10−3, 10−4 and 10−5 mol/L) or MgSO4 (10−2 and 10−5 mol/L). Samples were annealed for a maximum of 100 h at a hydrostatic confining pressure of 20 MPa (corresponding to a depth of about 2 km ) and different constant temperatures of 268, 263, 258 and 253 K. After each experiment, images of a polished sample surface were obtained using an optical microscope equipped with a cold stage. With grain boundaries detected, grains were reconstructed from the images and an average grain size was determined for each sample. Normal grain growth occurred in all samples. Grain-size data are interpreted using the grain-growth model, dn − d0n kt (d: grain size; d0: starting grain size; n: grain-growth exponent; k: growth constant; t: duration). Values of the best-fit grain growth exponent, n, for all samples range from 2.6 to 6.2, with an average value of 4.7. Pure ice exhibits 3.1 ≤ n ≤ 4.6, with an average value of 3.8. Above the eutectic point, soluble impurities enhance grain growth, as a melt phase is formed and it could provide a fast diffusion pathway. Below the eutectic point, soluble impurities impede grain growth probably via the formation of salt hydrates that could pin the grain boundaries. Close to the eutectic point, the grain growth of doped ice is similar to pure ice. The effect of soluble impurities on grain growth can be articulated as the application of a factor on the growth constant, k. We found this factor is a function of temperature and eutectic temperature. Natural ice is impure, often containing air bubbles and soluble impurities, and is usually subjected to a hydrostatic pressure. Our data set and the established impurity factor will provide new insights to the evolution of grain size within and the dynamics of natural ice masses.
Development and preliminary validation of a land surface image assimilation system based on the common land model
Authors: Shen Wangbin , Lin Zhaohui , Qin Zhengkun , Li Juan
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Data assimilation is an essential approach to improve the predictions of land surface models.​ Due to the characteristics of single-column models, assimilation of land surface information has mostly focused on improving the assimilation of single-point variables. However, land surface variables affect short-term climate more through large-scale anomalous forcing, so it is indispensable to pay attention to the accuracy of the anomalous spatial structure of land surface variables. In this study, a land surface image assimilation system capable of optimizing the spatial structure of the background field is constructed by introducing the curvelet analysis method and taking the similarity of image structure as a weak constraint. The ERA5_Land soil moisture reanalysis data are used as ideal observation for the preliminary effectiveness validation of the image assimilation system. ​The results show that the new image assimilation system is able to well absorb the spatial structure information of the observed data and has a remarkable ability to adjust the spatial structure of soil moisture in the land model.​ ​The spatial correlation coefficient between model surface soil moisture and observation has increased from 0.39 to about 0.67 after assimilation. By assimilating the surface soil moisture data and combining with the model physical processes, the image assimilation system can also gradually improve the spatial structure of deep soil moisture, with the spatial correlation coefficient between model soil moisture and observation increased from 0.35 to about 0.57. The forecast results show that the positive assimilation effect could be maintained for more than 30 days. ​The results of this study adequately demonstrate the application potential of image assimilation system in the short-term climate prediction.
Validation of ACE-FTS HCFC-22 concentrations in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere
Authors: Kolonjari Felicia , Sheese Patrick E. , Walker Kaley A. , Boone Chris D. , Plummer David A. , Engel Andreas , Montzka Stephen A. , Oram David E. , Schuck Tanja , Stiller Gabriele P. , Toon Geoffrey C.
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is currently providing the only measurements of vertically resolved chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) from space. This study assesses the ACE-FTS HCFC-22 v5.2 product in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere, as well as the simulated concentrations of HCFC-22 from a 39-year specified dynamics run of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM39) in the same region. In general, ACE-FTS HCFC-22 observations tend to agree with subsampled CMAM39 data to within ±5 %, except for between ~15 and 25 km in the extratropical regions where ACE-FTS exhibits a negative bias of 5–30 %, and near 6 km in the tropics where ACE FTS exhibits a bias of 15 %. When comparing against correlative satellite, aircraft, and balloon data, ACE-FTS typically exhibits a low bias on the order of 0–10 % between ~5–15 km and is within ±15 % between ~15–25 km. ACE-FTS, CMAM39, and surface flask measurements from the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory’s surface air-sampling network, all exhibit consistent tropospheric HCFC-22 trends ranging between 6.8 and 7.8 pptv/year (within 95 % confidence) for 2004–2012, and between 3.1 and 4.7 pptv/year (within 95 % confidence) for 2012–2018. Interhemispheric differences (IHD) of HCFC-22 concentrations were also derived using ACE-FTS, NOAA, and CMAM39 data, and all three yielded consistent and correlated (r≥0.42) IHD timeseries, with the results indicating that surface IHD values decreased at a rate of 2.2±1.1 pptv/decade between 2004 and 2018.
Diverse mixing state and ice nucleation properties of aerosol particles over the Western Pacific and the Southern Ocean
Authors: Xue Jiao , Zhang Tian , Park Keyhong , Yan Jinpei , Yoon Young Jun , Park Jiyeon , Wang Bingbing
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric particles from different sources can impact cloud formation and play a critical role in regulating cloud properties. However, particle characteristics at single particle level and their abilities to serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs) over different marine atmosphere are poorly understood. Here, we present characterizations and ice nucleation properties of particles collected during a northern and southern hemisphere cruise from South Korea to Antarctica. Micro-spectroscopic analysis was used to obtain composition of individual particles and mixing state of particle populations. Major particle classes were identified and have different contributions over the Western Pacific and the Southern Ocean, including fresh and aged sea salt, sea salt mixed with sulfate, carbonaceous, sulfur-containing, and dust particles. Increasing contribution of fresh sea salt particles, the dominate particle class in the samples, tended toward an increasing mixing state index indicating the population becoming more internally mixed. Aging processes and new particle sources introduce particles with new compositions resulting in external mixtures. We found that the investigated particles demonstrated a variety of ice nucleation abilities at cirrus conditions. The identified INPs are all major particle classes present in the population, and the sea salt mixed sulfate particle is enriched in INPs. Aging processes affected both particle mixing state and their ice nucleation abilities. We tested different ice nucleation parameterizations of marine atmospheric particles for their applicability. Finally, we discuss how the mixing state of particle populations impacts ice nucleation in the atmosphere.
Distinct oxygenation modes of the Gulf of Oman during the past 43,000 years – a multi-proxy approach
Authors: Burdanowitz Nicole , Schmiedl Gerhard , Gaye Birgit , Munz Philipp , Schulz Hartmut
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Climatic conditions and its change shape the strength and extent of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The presence and variability of the OMZ in the Arabian Sea is of importance for their ecosystem. The state of oxygenation has, for instance, an impact on the pelagic and benthic faunal community or the nitrogen and carbon cycles. The understanding of the dynamics of the OMZ, its marine environmental is of importance due to its climate feedbacks. In this study, we combined three independent proxies to reconstruct the oxygenation state of the water column and bottom water in the Gulf of Oman for the past about 43 ka for the first time. We used nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) as well as the alkane ratio (lycopane + n-C35)/n-C31 and benthic foraminiferal faunal analysis to reconstruct the strength of the OMZ in the water column and bottom water oxygenation, respectively. Our results show that the Gulf of Oman experienced strong pronounced OMZ and bottom water deoxygenation during the Holocene. Contrary, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)/ Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 the Gulf of Oman was very well ventilated with a highly diverse benthic foraminiferal community. This may have been caused by stronger wind-induced mixing and better ventilation by oxygen-rich water masses. Our results also show moderate oxygenation during MIS 3 with deoxygenation events during most of the warmer Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. We propose two distinct oxygenation modes for the Gulf of Oman: 1) a stable period of either strongly pronounced water column OMZ and bottom water deoxygenation or well-oxygenated water column and bottom water conditions and 2) an unstable period of oscillating oxygenation states between moderately oxygenated (stadials) and deoxygenated (interstadial, D/O events) conditions.
Research and application of small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement system
Authors: Liu Yimin , Zhang Mian , Li Yixuan , Lu Shuai , Chen Huan
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Observation and estimation of the stress state in the deep crust is a crucial challenge in in-situ stress measurement work. Hydraulic fracturing method is an important borehole-based technique for absolute in-situ stress measurement. The small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement system described in this article consists mainly of underground measurement components (serial small-diameter packers and dual-circuit connecting installation rods) and surface control components (hydraulic fluid control system, data acquisition system, and high-pressure oil pump with controllable flow). It enables series measurement of small-sized boreholes for in-situ stress, provides a maximum measurement range of 30~45 MPa. The subsequent calculation of in-situ stress data adopts the uniform design method to discuss the influence of various external factors on rock fracturing values. The small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement system has the advantages of simple and lightweight structure, short testing time, high success rate, and low requirements for rock integrity and pressurization equipment. It has formed a series of small-diameter in-situ stress measurement equipment, which has been innovatively promoted to the field of underground tunnel safety assessment in coal mines and metal mining areas. It has important practical value and economic significance in accurately determining the in-situ stress state of deep development areas.