bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dupilumab (Dupixent®) tends to be an effective therapy for uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: real data of a single-centered, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study from a university hospital in Germany
Authors: Jansen Florian , Becker Benjamin , Eden Jördis K. , Breda Philippe C. , Hot Amra , Oqueka Tim , Betz Christian S. , Hoffmann Anna S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease, which is usually type 2-mediated in the western hemisphere, associated with severe therapeutic and socioeconomic challenges. The first targeted systemic treatment option for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP is a human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) subunit called dupilumab, which was approved for subcutaneous administration in Germany in October 2019. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of dupilumab in real life in patients treated with dupilumab in label according to license in our department in 2019–2021.

Materials and methods

Since October 2019, we have investigated 40 patients (18 men, 22 women) treated with dupilumab in a single-center, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study. The following parameters were collected before treatment (baseline), at 1 month, 4 months, 7 months, 10 months, and 13 months: the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), the forced expiratory pressure in 1 s (FEV-1), the olfactometry using Sniffin' Sticks-12 identification test (SSIT), a visual analog scale of the total complaints, the Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), histologic findings as well as total serum IgE, eosinophilic cationic protein in serum and blood eosinophils.

Results

The average age was 52.7 years (± 15.3). The follow-up period was 13 months. The SNOT-22 average was 60 points (± 22.2) at the first visit, 28.2 points (± 17.1) after 4 months and 20.8 points (± 17.7) after 13 months. The NPS was 4.3 points (± 1.5), after 4 months 2.1 points (± 1.3) and after 13 months 1.4 points (± 1.1). Olfactometry showed 3.2 points (± 3.7) at the baseline, 7.0 points (± 4.0) after 4 months and 7.8 points (± 3.5) after 13 months. The other parameters also improved. Most parameters showed linear dependence in the slopes under therapy (p < 0.001). Adverse side effects were mostly only mild, and no rescue therapy was needed.

Conclusion

There is a clear improvement in the medical condition and symptoms in all categories mentioned under therapy with dupilumab, as well as a reduction in the need for systemic glucocorticoids and revision surgery as rescue treatment. Our results show that dupilumab tends to be an effective therapy alternative for severe CRSwNP.
High-intensity interval training: optimizing oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion taking advantage of the exponential reconstitution behaviour of D’
Authors: Vaccari Filippo , Stafuzza Jacopo , Giovanelli Nicola , Lazzer Stefano
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Accumulating the time near maximum aerobic power $$\left( {{\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}} } \right)$$

V
˙

O

2max

is considered to be the most effective way to improve aerobic capacity. The aims of this study were: (1) to verify whether postponing the first recovery interval improves time to exhaustion during a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) test, and (2) to verify whether a HIIT protocol with decreasing interval duration (HIDIT) is more effective in accumulating time near $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}}$$

V
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O

2max

compared with two classical protocols with short intervals (SIHIIT) and long intervals (LIHIIT).

Methods

Nine active males (35 ± 11 years, $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}}$$

V
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O

2max

52 ± 5 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a graded exercise test on an athletic track. Critical velocity and D’ were estimated from three to five high-intensity trials to exhaustion. Then, the subjects performed three trials with a single recovery interval after 30 s (Rec30s), after 3 min (Rec3min) and after exhaustion (RecTlim) to verify whether postponing the first recovery interval enhances the time to exhaustion. Finally, the subjects performed the three HIIT protocols mentioned above.

Results

The time to exhaustion was significantly greater in RecTlim (464 ± 67 s) than in Rec3min (388 ± 48 s) (p < 0.0078) and Rec30s (308 ± 44 s) (p > 0.0001). Additionally, it was significantly greater in Rec3min than in Rec30s (p = 0.0247). Furthermore, the time accumulated near $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2max

was significantly longer in HIDIT (998 ± 129 s) than in SIHIIT (678 ± 116 s) (p = 0.003) and LIHIIT (673 ± 115 s) (p < 0.031).

Conclusions

During the trials, postponing the first recovery interval was effective in improving the time to exhaustion. Moreover, HIDIT was effective in prolonging the time near $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2max

.
Added value of 3T MRI and the MRI-halo sign in assessing resectability of locally advanced pancreatic cancer following induction chemotherapy (IMAGE-MRI): prospective pilot study
Authors: Stoop Thomas F. , van Veldhuisen Eran , van Rijssen L. Bengt , Klaassen Remy , Gurney-Champion Oliver J. , de Hingh Ignace H. , Busch Olivier R. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van Lienden Krijn P. , Stoker Jaap , Wilmink Johanna W. , Nio C. Yung , Nederveen Aart J. , Engelbrecht Marc R. W. , Besselink Marc G. ,   IMAGE study group, Bosscha Koop , Nieuwehof-Biesheuvel Loes van den , Marsman Hendrik A. , Seelen Leonard W. F.
Published: October 2022

Background

Restaging of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) after induction chemotherapy using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) imaging is imprecise in evaluating local tumor response. This study explored the value of 3 Tesla (3 T) contrast-enhanced (CE) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local tumor restaging.

Methods

This is a prospective pilot study including 20 consecutive patients with LAPC with RECIST non-progressive disease on CE-CT after induction chemotherapy. Restaging CE-CT, CE-MRI, and DWI-MRI were retrospectively evaluated by two abdominal radiologists in consensus, scoring tumor size and vascular involvement. A halo sign was defined as replacement of solid perivascular (arterial and venous) tumor tissue by a zone of fatty-like signal intensity.

Results

Adequate MRI was obtained in 19 patients with LAPC after induction chemotherapy. Tumor diameter was non-significantly smaller on CE-MRI compared to CE-CT (26 mm vs. 30 mm; p = 0.073). An MRI-halo sign was seen on CE-MRI in 52.6% (n = 10/19), whereas a CT-halo sign was seen in 10.5% (n = 2/19) of patients (p = 0.016). An MRI-halo sign was not associated with resection rate (60.0% vs. 62.5%; p = 1.000). In the resection cohort, patients with an MRI-halo sign had a non-significant increased R0 resection rate as compared to patients without an MRI-halo sign (66.7% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.242). Positive and negative predictive values of the CE-MRI-halo sign for R0 resection were 66.7% and 66.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

3 T CE-MRI and the MRI-halo sign might be helpful to assess the effect of induction chemotherapy in patients with LAPC, but its diagnostic accuracy has to be evaluated in larger series.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast: diagnostic agreement and impact on outcome
Authors: Metovic Jasna , Cascardi Eliano , Uccella Silvia , Maragliano Roberta , Querzoli Giulia , Osella-Abate Simona , Pittaro Alessandra , La Rosa Stefano , Bogina Giuseppe , Cassoni Paola , Marchiò Caterina , Sapino Anna , Castellano Isabella , Papotti Mauro
Published: October 2022

The classification of breast neuroendocrine neoplasms (Br-NENs) was modified many times over the years and is still a matter of discussion. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility and impact on patient outcomes of the most recent WHO 2019 edition of breast tumor classification, namely, for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). This multicentric observational study included 287 breast neoplasms with NE differentiation. The cases were blindly classified by three independent groups of dedicated breast and/or endocrine pathologists following the 2019 guidelines. Diagnostic concordance and clinical impact were assessed. We observed only a moderate overall diagnostic agreement across the three centers (Cohen’s kappa 0.4532) in distinguishing NET from solid papillary carcinomas (SPCs) and no special type carcinomas (NST) with NE differentiation. Br-NENs were diagnosed in 122/287 (42.5%) cases, subclassified as 11 NET G1 (3.8%), 84 NET G2 (29.3%), and 27 NEC (9.4%), the latter group consisting of 26 large-cell and 1 small-cell NECs. The remaining 165/287 (57.5%) cases were labeled as non-NEN, including SPC, mucinous, NST, and mixed NE carcinomas. While NET and non-NEN cases had a comparable outcome, the diagnosis of NECs showed negative impact on disease-free interval compared to NETs and non-NENs (p = 0.0109). In conclusion, the current diagnostic classification of Br-NENs needs further adjustments regarding morphological and immunohistochemical criteria to increase the diagnostic reproducibility among pathologists. Our data suggest that, apart from high-grade small- and large-cell NECs, Br-NENs behave like non-NEN breast carcinomas and should be managed similarly.
JAK2V617F variant allele frequency, non-driver mutations, single-nucleotide variants and polycythemia vera outcome
Authors: Kanduła Zuzanna , Janowski Michał , Więckowska Barbara , Paczkowska Edyta , Lewandowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Despite comparatively favourable prognosis in polycythemia vera (PV) patients (pts), the overall survival is shorter compared to the age-matched general population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of chosen laboratory and genetic factors on the individual disease outcome, i.e. risk of thrombosis, myelofibrosis/blastic transformation and death.

Materials and methods

The study group consisted of 151 pts and 57 healthy donors (HD).

Results

JAK2V617F mutation was found in 96.7% (146/151) of the studied pts. JAK2 exon 12 mutations were identified in 2 individuals. The coexistence of JAK2V617F and JAK2 exon 12 mutation was confirmed in 2 other pts. In one case, neither JAK2V617F nor JAK2 exon 12 mutation was found. The presence of ten different non-driver mutations (ASXL1, SRSF2, U2AF1, IDH2) in eight of the analyzed pts (5.3%) was confirmed. The overall frequency of thrombotic events (TE) in the studied PV group was 23.8% (36/151). In patients with TE, median platelet count was lower than in pts without TE. Thrombotic risk did not depend on JAK2 rs12343867, TERT rs2736100, OBFC1 rs9420907 SNV, however, we found a novel strong tendency towards statistical significance between the CC genotype miR-146a rs2431697 and thrombosis. The disease progression to fibrotic phase was confirmed in 9% of the pts. Fibrotic transformation in PV pts was affected mainly by JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF) and the presence of coexisting non-driver variants. The high JAK2V617F VAF and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count at the time of diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of death.

Conclusion

Therefore, in our opinion, complex, laboratory and genetic PV pts evaluation at the time of diagnosis should be incorporated into a new prognostic scoring system to more precisely define the PV prognosis and to optimize the therapeutic decision-making process.
The missing piece of the puzzle: larval morphology of Xenohyla truncata (Anura: Hylidae: Dendropsophini) and its implication to the evolution of Dendropsophini tadpoles
Authors: dos Santos Dias Pedro Henrique , Marcondes Bárbara Caroline , Pezzuti Tiago Leite , Vera Candioti Florencia , Araujo-Vieira Katyuscia , Mela Prodocimo Maritana , da Silva Hélio Ricardo , Orrico Victor Goyannes Dill , Haas Alexander
Published: October 2022

Dendropsophini is a highly diverse clade with a controversial phylogenetic and taxonomic history. Different generic arrangements have been proposed and the monophyly of several clades supported or rejected. Previous evidence suggested that larval morphology could play an important role in our understanding of the evolution and diversification of Dendropsophini, although data are missing for most lineages, including the sister group of Dendropsophus, Xenohyla. Herein we describe the internal morphology of the tadpoles of X. truncata and compare our results with available information for members of Dendropsophini and closely related lineages. We propose that the presence of a fan-like papilla in the buccopharyngeal cavity, a single element suprarostral, and a triangular process at the base of the muscular process are synapomorphies for Dendropsophini; moreover, the presence of a divided m. subarcualis rectus II–IV seems to be a synapomorphy for Pseudini and, the nasal sac insertion of the m. levator lateralis could be a synapomorphy of Dendropsophini + Pseudini.
5-ALA fluorescence in randomly selected pediatric brain tumors assessed by spectroscopy and surgical microscope
Authors: Milos Peter , Haj-Hosseini Neda , Hillman Jan , Wårdell Karin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Fluorescence-guided surgery applying 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in high-grade gliomas is an established method in adults. In children, results have so far been ambiguous. The aim of this study was to investigate 5-ALA-induced fluorescence in pediatric brain tumors by using the surgical microscope and a spectroscopic hand-held probe.

Methods

Fourteen randomly selected children (age 4–17) with newly MRI-verified brain tumors were included. No selection was based on the suspected diagnosis prior to surgery. All patients received 5-ALA (20 mg /kg) either orally or via a gastric tube prior to surgery. Intratumoral fluorescence was detected with the microscope and the probe. Moreover, fluorescence in the skin of the forearm was measured. Histopathology samples revealed seven low-grade gliomas, four medulloblastomas, one diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, one glioblastoma and one atypical meningioma. Blood samples were analyzed, and potential clinical side effects were monitored.

Results

Microscopically, vague fluorescence was visible in two patients. Intratumoral fluorescence could be detected in five patients with the probe, including the two patients with vague microscopic fluorescence. Three of the oldest children had PpIX fluorescence in the skin. Nine children did not show any fluorescence in the tumor or in the skin. No clinical side effects or laboratory adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

Fluorescence could not be used to guide surgery in this study, neither with the surgical microscope nor with the hand-held probe. In nine children, no fluorescence was discerned and children with noticeable fluorescence were all older than nine years. 5-ALA was considered safe to apply in children.
Robust and scalable content-and-structure indexing
Authors: Wellenzohn Kevin , Böhlen Michael H. , Helmer Sven , Pietri Antoine , Zacchiroli Stefano
Published: October 2022

Frequent queries on semi-structured hierarchical data are Content-and-Structure (CAS) queries that filter data items based on their location in the hierarchical structure and their value for some attribute. We propose the Robust and Scalable Content-and-Structure (RSCAS) index to efficiently answer CAS queries on big semi-structured data. To get an index that is robust against queries with varying selectivities, we introduce a novel dynamic interleaving that merges the path and value dimensions of composite keys in a balanced manner. We store interleaved keys in our trie-based RSCAS index, which efficiently supports a wide range of CAS queries, including queries with wildcards and descendant axes. We implement RSCAS as a log-structured merge tree to scale it to data-intensive applications with a high insertion rate. We illustrate RSCAS’s robustness and scalability by indexing data from the Software Heritage (SWH) archive, which is the world’s largest, publicly available source code archive.
AI-big data analytics for building automation and management systems: a survey, actual challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Himeur Yassine , Elnour Mariam , Fadli Fodil , Meskin Nader , Petri Ioan , Rezgui Yacine , Bensaali Faycal , Amira Abbes
Published: October 2022

In theory, building automation and management systems (BAMSs) can provide all the components and functionalities required for analyzing and operating buildings. However, in reality, these systems can only ensure the control of heating ventilation and air conditioning system systems. Therefore, many other tasks are left to the operator, e.g. evaluating buildings’ performance, detecting abnormal energy consumption, identifying the changes needed to improve efficiency, ensuring the security and privacy of end-users, etc. To that end, there has been a movement for developing artificial intelligence (AI) big data analytic tools as they offer various new and tailor-made solutions that are incredibly appropriate for practical buildings’ management. Typically, they can help the operator in (i) analyzing the tons of connected equipment data; and; (ii) making intelligent, efficient, and on-time decisions to improve the buildings’ performance. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic survey on using AI-big data analytics in BAMSs. It covers various AI-based tasks, e.g. load forecasting, water management, indoor environmental quality monitoring, occupancy detection, etc. The first part of this paper adopts a well-designed taxonomy to overview existing frameworks. A comprehensive review is conducted about different aspects, including the learning process, building environment, computing platforms, and application scenario. Moving on, a critical discussion is performed to identify current challenges. The second part aims at providing the reader with insights into the real-world application of AI-big data analytics. Thus, three case studies that demonstrate the use of AI-big data analytics in BAMSs are presented, focusing on energy anomaly detection in residential and office buildings and energy and performance optimization in sports facilities. Lastly, future directions and valuable recommendations are identified to improve the performance and reliability of BAMSs in intelligent buildings.
Impacts of slurry acidification and injection on fertilizer nitrogen fates in grassland
Authors: Schreiber Mirella , Bazaios Elpida , Ströbel Barbara , Wolf Benjamin , Ostler Ulrike , Gasche Rainer , Schlingmann Marcus , Kiese Ralf , Dannenmann Michael
Published: October 2022

Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency of broadcast slurry application leads to nutrient losses, air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and—in particular in a warming climate—to soil N mining. Here we test the alternative slurry acidification and injection techniques for their mitigation potential compared to broadcast spreading in montane grassland. We determined (1) the fate of 15N labelled slurry in the plant-soil-microbe system and soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases over one fertilization/harvest cycle and (2) assessed the longer-term contribution of fertilizer 15N to soil organic N formation by the end of the growing season. The isotope tracing approach was combined with a space for time climate change experiment. Simulated climate change increased productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net methane uptake irrespective of management, but the generally low N2O fluxes remained unchanged. Compared to the broadcast spreading, slurry acidification showed lowest N losses, thus increased productivity and fertilizer N use efficiency (38% 15N recovery in plant aboveground plant biomass). In contrast, slurry injection showed highest total fertilizer N losses, but increased fertilization-induced soil organic N formation by 9–12 kg N ha−1 season−1. Slurry management effects on N2O and CH4 fluxes remained negligible. In sum, our study shows that the tested alternative slurry application techniques can increase N use efficiency and/or promote soil organic N formation from applied fertilizer to a remarkable extent. However, this is still not sufficient to prevent soil N mining mostly resulting from large plant N exports that even exceed total fertilizer N inputs.
Nitrogen fertilization with pig slurry in a barley-sorghum double-annual forage cropping system
Authors: Ovejero J. , Maresma A. , Marks E. A. N. , Ortiz C. , Boixadera J. , Serra X. , Ponsá S. , Lloveras J. , Casas C.
Published: October 2022

The high concentration of pig farms in NE Spain makes pig slurries an attractive fertilizer to reduce costs of agricultural production. However, inadequate management of fertilization with pig slurry can cause negative environmental consequences. In this context, a 4 year field trial was carried out to evaluate several fertilization strategies, using pig slurry, for a double-annual forage cropping rotation with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under sub-humid Mediterranean conditions. Four nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments applied as pig slurry (0, 170, 250 and 330 kg N ha−1 year−1) were applied and their effects on yield, N uptake, unrecovered N, and residual NO3-N in soil were evaluated for each crop and each rotation. The 4 year average dry matter (DM) forage yield of sorghum was 9.3 Mg ha−1 in all N fertilization treatments, except for the control (0 kg N ha−1) which was 6 Mg ha−1. However, barley DM yields varied among N treatments. The highest barley yield (8.7 Mg DM ha−1) was achieved with the application of 330 kg N ha−1 year−1. The barley yields were reduced by a 26% (6.9 Mg DM ha−1) and a 64% (5.3 Mg DM ha−1) with N rates of 250 and 170 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively. The average total annual yield was 17.8 Mg DM ha−1 for the maximum N rate tested (330 kg N ha−1 year−1). Indeed, the application of N rates above the maximum amount allowed by the Nitrates Directive in areas vulnerable to nitrate contamination (NVZ) (170 kg N ha−1 year−1 in form of pig slurry), improved the total annual DM yield by 10–18%. However, N rates of 250 kg N ha−1 year−1 increased by 69% the unrecovered N compared to applying 170 kg N ha−1 year−1. This could lead to N losses to the environment, probably by nitrate leaching and/or volatilization.
Almost every path structure is not variational
Authors: Kruglikov Boris S. , Matveev Vladimir S.
Published: October 2022

Given a smooth family of unparameterized curves such that through every point in every direction there passes exactly one curve, does there exist a Lagrangian with extremals being precisely this family? It is known that in dimension 2 the answer is positive. In dimension 3, it follows from the work of Douglas that the answer is, in general, negative. We generalise this result to all higher dimensions and show that the answer is actually negative for almost every such a family of curves, also known as path structure or path geometry. On the other hand, we consider path geometries possessing infinitesimal symmetries and show that path and projective structures with submaximal symmetry dimensions are variational. Note that the projective structure with the submaximal symmetry algebra, the so-called Egorov structure, is not pseudo-Riemannian metrizable; we show that it is metrizable in the class of Kropina pseudo-metrics and explicitly construct the corresponding Kropina Lagrangian.
Combining hybrid genetic search with ruin-and-recreate for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem
Authors: Simensen Martin , Hasle Geir , Stålhane Magnus
Published: October 2022

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) has been subject to intense research efforts for more than sixty years. Yet, significant algorithmic improvements are still being made. The most competitive heuristic solution algorithms of today utilize, and often combine, strategies and elements from evolutionary algorithms, local search, and ruin-and-recreate based large neighborhood search. In this paper we propose a new hybrid metaheuristic for the CVRP, where the education phase of the hybrid genetic search (HGS) algorithm proposed by (Vidal Hybrid Genetic Search for the CVRP: Open-Source Implementation and SWAP* Neighborhood 2020) is extended by applying large neighborhood search (LNS). By performing a series of computational experiments, we attempt to answer the following research questions: 1) Is it possible to gain performance by adding LNS as a component in the education phase of HGS? 2) How does the addition of LNS change the relative importance of the local search neighborhoods of HGS? 3) What is the effect of devoting computational efforts to the creation of an elite solution in the initial population of HGS? Through a set of computational experiments we answer these research questions, while at the same time obtaining a good configuration of global parameter settings for the proposed heuristic. Testing the heuristic on benchmark instances from the literature with limited computing time, it outperforms existing algorithms, both in terms of the final gap and the primal integral.
Mapping and Extending the Theoretical Perspectives of Reading in Science and Mathematics Education Research
Authors: Tang Kok-Sing , Lin Sheau-Wen , Kaur Berinderjeet
Published: October 2022

This introductory paper to the special issue “Reading in Science and Mathematics” presents four major theoretical perspectives of reading, literacy, and language that underpin many studies in this area, including the nine articles selected for this issue. It first outlines several new developments and contemporary issues that drive the growing importance of reading in science and mathematics. It then presents the perspectives that inform and situate the authors’ research as reported in this special issue, followed by a brief introduction of their articles situated within each of the perspectives. The four perspectives are reading comprehension, scientific/mathematical literacy, disciplinary literacy, and linguistic/semiotic meaning-making. The purpose in discussing these perspectives is to map out the theoretical terrain in the field and connect the key ideas within the research on reading in science and mathematics.
Gendered Science Practice at Secondary School and its Effects on Science Motivations
Authors: Kang Jingoo
Published: October 2022

This study explores the effects of gendered inquiry-based learning (IBL) practices on other science learning experiences and motivations including STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) career aspirations. For this, PISA 2015 data representing the Finnish 15-year-old student population has been selected and analyzed by multiple group structural equation modeling. According to the results, while girls and boys perceived a similar frequency of conducting IBL at school as a student, boys were more aware that students were allowed to conduct high autonomous IBL activities such as designing their own experiments. Also, boys expressed that they got more feedback from their teachers, and it was moderately related to the IBL engagement. Moreover, the result showed that while boys perceived more IBL experiences, the efficacy of the IBL activities was higher for girls since the relationship between IBL and science motivations was stronger for girls compared to boys. Lastly, this study found that a teacher was more prone to undervalue girls’ science performance than boys during IBL. Based on the findings, this study argues that school IBL practices could be a good source for examining gender equity in science education. Also, the findings recommend gender-inclusive science practices at school in order to increase girls’ interest in STEM careers and to enhance the effects of IBL on students’ science achievement.
The Interplay of E-commerce, Resilience and Exports in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Onjewu Adah-Kole Emmanuel , Hussain Sundas , Haddoud Mohamed Yacine
Published: October 2022

Scholars have extolled e-commerce as a pathway for sustaining firm operations in the unique circumstances of COVID-19. To add crisis time evidence to the body of work, and based on World Bank Enterprise Survey data, this inquiry interrogates 249 small manufacturing firms in Italy by examining the effect of e-commerce on (1) resilience, (2) direct exports and (3) indirect exports. The results show that while e-commerce has a positive impact on direct exports, a negative influence is recorded on indirect exports. Besides, e-commerce significantly increases resilience which, in turn, accelerates direct exports. However, resilience is found to have a trivial influence on indirect exporting. Furthermore, held as a constant, firm size demonstrates a significant and positive effect on direct and indirect exports. These fresh findings prompt implications for understanding the correlates of e-commerce, resilience and export behaviour. Practically, there are salient insights for stakeholders engaged in reviving small manufacturers’ exports for a speedy post COVID-19 recovery in Italy.
Cleavage fracture micromechanisms in thick-section quenched and tempered S690 high-strength steels
Authors: Bertolo Virgínia , Jiang Quanxin , Tiringer Urša , Walters Carey L. , Sietsma Jilt , Popovich Vera
Published: October 2022

For structural assessment and optimal design of thick-section high-strength steels in applications under harsh service conditions, it is essential to understand the cleavage fracture micromechanisms. In this study, we assess the effects of through-thickness microstructure of an 80-mm-thick quenched and tempered S690 high-strength steel, notch orientation, and crack tip constraint in cleavage nucleation and propagation via sub-sized crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) testing at −100 °C. The notch was placed parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction, and the crack tip constraint was analysed by varying the a/W ratio: 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1. The notch orientation does not play a role, and the material is considered isotropic in-plane. Nb-rich inclusions were observed to act as the weak microstructural link in the steel, triggering fracture in specimens with the lowest CTOD values. While shallow-cracked specimens from the top section present larger critical CTOD values than deep-cracked ones due to stress relief ahead of the crack tip, the constraint does not have a significant influence in the middle due to the very detrimental microstructure in the presence of Nb-rich inclusions. Some specimens show areas of intergranular fracture due to the combined effect of C, Cr, Mn, Ni, and P segregation along with precipitation of Nb-rich inclusions clusters on the grain boundaries. Several crack deflections at high-angle grain boundaries were observed where the neighbouring sub-structure has different Bain axes.
The Implicit Affiliation Motive, Evaluations of Social Life Events, and Life Satisfaction: Findings from a Cross-Cultural Study with German and Zambian Adolescents
Authors: Hofer Jan , Kerpen Ellen , Busch Holger , Lehmann Meike , Menon Anitha
Published: October 2022

Positively and negatively evaluated life events are associated with individuals’ life satisfaction. In the present study, we tested whether the link between individuals’ evaluations of life events in the social domain and their satisfaction with life is moderated by their implicit affiliation motive. Adolescent participants were recruited in Germany and Zambia. First, data on the implicit affiliation motive and life satisfaction were gathered. Approximately six to eight months later, adolescents reported on their life satisfaction again and indicated the recent occurrence of life events in the social domain. Moreover, they reported on the affective quality of those events. Analyses showed that positive evaluations of social life events predict life satisfaction only among adolescents characterized by a strong affiliation motive. This moderation effect was not qualified by individuals’ cultural background. Findings are discussed with respect to universal effects of implicit motives on individuals’ life satisfaction.
Development of the Faith Community Child Protection Scale with Faith Leaders and their Spouses in Senegal, Uganda and Guatemala
Authors: Diaconu K. , Jailobaeva K. , Jailobaev T. , Eyber C. , Ager A.
Published: October 2022

Violence, abuse and neglect constitute major threats to children’s health and wellbeing globally. However, until recently, relatively little systematic attention has been paid to the role of faith communities in shaping the protective environment for children. This paper describes the development of a measure to capture child-protective disposition amongst faith communities through field studies with faith leaders and their spouses in Senegal, Uganda and Guatemala. Identifying common factors related to child care and protection practices, orientation to child rights and approaches to discipline, the measure potentially serves to both inform and evaluate interventions seeking to engage with the beliefs and behaviours of faith communities to support children’s health and wellbeing.
Spiritual Dimension in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: de Diego-Cordero Rocío , Martos-Lorite Irene , Vega-Escaño Juan
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have shown the benefits of spirituality/religiosity with regard to health and quality of life for people. The high prevalence of neurological disorders, which are the main diseases that cause disability and dependency around the world, makes neurological disorders especially relevant. This systematic mapping review aimed to map the knowledge of spirituality experienced by people with neurological/neurodegenerative disorders and its influence on outcomes and the ability to cope with the disease. Following specified methodological criteria, a total of 13 articles were selected. The spiritual dimension should be considered a fundamental component of the quality of life and well-being of neurological patients as it can significantly influence their ability to cope with their disease.
On the Infinite Dimension Limit of Invariant Measures and Solutions of Zeitlin’s 2D Euler Equations
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Pappalettera Umberto , Viviani Milo
Published: October 2022

In this work we consider a finite dimensional approximation for the 2D Euler equations on the sphere $${\mathbb {S}}^2$$

S

2

, proposed by V. Zeitlin, and show their convergence towards a solution to Euler equations with marginals distributed as the enstrophy measure. The method relies on nontrivial computations on the structure constants of $${\mathbb {S}}^2$$

S

2

, that appear to be new. In the last section we discuss the problem of extending our results to Gibbsian measures associated with higher Casimirs.
Testing the Identity Disruption Model among Adolescents: Pathways Connecting Adverse Childhood Experiences to Body Dissatisfaction
Authors: Vartanian Lenny R. , Nicholls Kate , Fardouly Jasmine
Published: October 2022

The Identity Disruption Model posits that early adversity is associated with lower self-concept clarity, which in turn increases vulnerability to sociocultural appearance factors and body dissatisfaction, but this model has not previously been tested among adolescents. Testing the model during adolescence is critical because this is a key point of development of both identity and body dissatisfaction. This paper presents two studies with adolescents recruited through social media (Study 1: n = 213; 78% female; mean age = 15.7 years, SD = 1.14) and from high schools (Study 2; n = 228; 43% female; mean age = 13.8 years, SD = 1.15). In both studies, self-reported early adversity was associated with lower self-concept clarity; lower self-concept clarity was associated with greater internalization of appearance ideals and more frequent appearance comparisons; and internalization and appearance comparisons were associated with greater body dissatisfaction. This research builds on previous sociocultural models of body dissatisfaction by pointing to processes that occur early in life that could be potential targets of intervention and prevention efforts.
The Possible Role of Naringenin in the Prevention of Alcohol-Induced Neurochemical and Neurobehavioral Deficits
Authors: Soliman Nema A. , Abdel Ghafar Muhammad T. , AbuoHashish Norhan A. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Eid Asmaa M. , El-Gohary Rehab M. , Abo El gheit Rehab E. , Elshamy Amira M.
Published: October 2022

Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with progressive/irreversible neurodegeneration. However, there is not a clear understanding of its discrete pathophysiology or therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the natural citrus flavonoid, naringenin (NAG), against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration in the brain cerebral cortex. Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (eight rats each): control group (I); NAG-treated group (II); alcohol-intoxicated group (III) and alcohol + NAG co-treated group (IV). Brain nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 expression were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, mixed lineage kinase-like protein, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and ciliary neurotrophic factor levels were all measured biochemically. B-cell lymphoma 2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A histopathological examination and neurobehavioral tests were performed. The alcohol-treated group showed a significant increase in oxidative stress and necroptosis biomarkers with a significant reduction in neuroprotective proteins. NAG co-administration effectively ameliorated cognitive dysfunction with an apparent neuroprotective effect by targeting various signaling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, anti-oxidant capacity, attenuated necroptosis, and upregulated neuroprotective ciliary neurotrophic factor. The study findings suggest NAG as a possible management strategy for alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.
Climatology of waterspouts in the Balearic Islands (1989–2020)
Authors: Reynés Vega Jaume , Moreno-García M. Carmen , Pastor Guzman Francisco
Published: October 2022

The article analyses the waterspouts recorded in the Balearic Islands (Spain) between 1989 and 2020. The extensive database used includes 234 waterspout events, which we analysed to establish their annual, monthly, seasonal and weekly spatial, temporal and hourly distribution. The autumn months account for 65% of all the waterspout events, with the highest frequency seen in September. They occur most frequently between 8:00 and 10:00 in the morning. We carried out a synoptic classification of the days on which waterspouts were recorded, observing that a synoptic trough pattern at 500 hPa over the Iberian Peninsula, which generates a south-westerly flow over the area under study, was the most conducive waterspout-creating condition (present in 25.3% of the events). Their relationship with the sea surface temperature was also analysed, revealing a higher frequency of waterspouts with higher temperature values, particularly between 23 and 26 °C. Finally, we examined the frequency of waterspouts in relation to the daily Western Mediterranean Oscillation regional teleconnection pattern index values, finding that waterspouts were more common on days when the indices were closer to 0.
Notes on Models of (Partial) Kripke–Feferman Truth
Authors: Castaldo Luca
Published: October 2022

This article investigates models of axiomatizations related to the semantic conception of truth presented by Kripke (J Philos 72(19):690–716, 1975), the so-called fixed-point semantics. Among the various proof systems devised as a proof-theoretic characterization of the fixed-point semantics, in recent years two alternatives have received particular attention: classical systems (i.e., systems based on classical logic) and nonclassical systems (i.e., systems based on some nonclassical logic). The present article, building on Halbach and Nicolai (J Philos Log 47(2):227–257, 2018), shows that there is a sense in which classical and nonclassical theories (in suitable variants) have the same models.
Towards a characterization of metaphysics of biology: metaphysics for and metaphysics in biology
Authors: Triviño Vanesa
Published: October 2022

Since the last decades of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, the use of metaphysics by philosophers when approaching conceptual problems in biology has increased. Some philosophers call this tendency in philosophy of biology ‘Metaphysics of Biology’ (Guay and Pradeu in Synthese 1–20, 2017). In this paper, I aim at characterizing Metaphysics of Biology by paying attention to the diverse ways philosophers use metaphysics when addressing conceptual problems in biology. I will claim that there are two different modes of doing Metaphysics of Biology, namely MetaphysicsforBiology and MetaphysicsinBiology.
Biochars as culture medium additives influence organogenic potential of plant explants through changes in endogenous phytohormone and carbohydrate contents in Daphne species
Authors: Wiszniewska Alina , Dziurka Kinga , Dziurka Michał , Rodrigues Aline F. , Latawiec Agnieszka E.
Published: October 2022

Biochar applicability as culture medium amendment is rarely investigated due to its uncovered impact on in vitro cultured plants. This study assessed the feasibility of several biochars as alternatives to activated charcoal, for micropropagation of two ornamental Daphne species (Thymelaeaceae). We distinguished metabolic responses that were specific for: a) medium supplementation with any type of charcoal; b) biochar addition; c) biochar activation; d) the process of charcoal activation itself. We compared impacts of industrially produced biochar and three different biochars made in small-scale stoves (from residues of Gliricidia sepium) on organogenic capacity and physiological status in Daphne sp. shoots. Metabolite profiling revealed that biochars differently modulated accumulation of endogenous phytohormones and osmolytes in the shoots. Biochars reduced accumulation of proline, betaines and stress-related phytohormones (ABA, jasmonates), and impacted carbohydrate profile. For D. jasminea the most impactful was biochar activation, which increased micropropagation efficiency by elevating cytokinin and soluble sugars content. For D. tangutica charcoal/biochar activation, and application of biochar reduced accumulation of ABA and jasmonic acid, increased level of gibberellins, salicylic and benzoic acid, and altered carbohydrate composition. The study revealed that tested biochars can be used as a sustainable medium supplements without negative impact on production of new microshoots. Based on studied species we showed that biochar supplements could stimulate plantlet formation (D. jasminea,) ameliorate stress response (D. tangutica), and constitute a way of undesired biomass utilization (invasive species G. sepium).
The estimation and interpretation of ordered logit models for assessing the factors connected with the productivity of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows in Egypt
Authors: Moawed Sherif A. , El-Aziz Ayman H. Abd
Published: October 2022

The incorporation of novel technologies such as artificial intelligence, data mining, and advanced statistical methodologies have received wide responses from researchers. This study was designed to model the factors impacting the actual milk yield of Holstein–Friesian cows using the proportional odds ordered logit model (OLM). A total of 8300 lactation records were collected for cows calved between 2005 and 2019. The actual milk yield, the outcome variable, was categorized into three levels: low (< 4500 kg), medium (4500–7500 kg), and high (> 7500 kg). The studied predictor variables were age at first calving (AFC), lactation order (LO), days open (DO), lactation period (LP), peak milk yield (PMY), and dry period (DP). The proportionality assumption of odds using the logit link function was verified for the current datasets. The goodness-of-fit measures revealed the suitability of the ordered logit models to datasets structure. Results showed that cows with younger ages at first calving produce two times higher milk quantities. Also, longer days open were associated with higher milk yield. The highest amount of milk yield was denoted by higher lactation periods (> 250 days). The peak yield per kg was significantly related to the actual yield (P < 0.05). Moreover, shorter dry periods showed about 1.5 times higher milk yield. The greatest yield was observed in the 2nd and 4th parities, with an odds ratio (OR) equal to 1.75, on average. In conclusion, OLM can be used for analyzing dairy cows’ data, denoting fruitful information as compared to the other classical regression models. In addition, the current study showed the possibility and applicability of OLM in understanding and analyzing livestock datasets suited for planning effective breeding programs.
Research priorities for measuring biologic age: summary and future directions from the Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop
Authors: Brinkley Tina E. , Justice Jamie N. , Basu Shubhashrita , Bauer Scott R. , Loh Kah Poh , Mukli Peter , Ng Ted Kheng Siang , Turney Indira C. , Ferrucci Luigi , Cummings Steven R. , Kritchevsky Stephen B.
Published: October 2022

Biologic aging reflects the genetic, molecular, and cellular changes underlying the development of morbidity and mortality with advancing chronological age. As several potential mechanisms have been identified, there is a growing interest in developing robust measures of biologic age that can better reflect the underlying biology of aging and predict age-related outcomes. To support this endeavor, the Research Centers Collaborative Network (RCCN) conducted a workshop in January 2022 to discuss emerging concepts in the field and identify opportunities to move the science forward. This paper presents workshop proceedings and summarizes the identified research needs, priorities, and recommendations for measuring biologic age. The highest priorities identified were the need for more robust measures, longitudinal studies, multidisciplinary collaborations, and translational approaches.
Group contest in a coopetitive setup: experimental evidence
Authors: Kiss Hubert János , Rosa-Garcia Alfonso , Zhukova Vita
Published: October 2022

We study experimentally cooperation in group contests under a new sharing rule that captures elements of coopetitive setups that are often characterized by the tension between cooperation and competition. It introduces an allocation of the obtained prize which is inversely proportional to individual efforts. We use it to study if the pervasive over-expenditure observed in group contests remains even when individual effort is extremely disincentivized and compare its effects with the egalitarian sharing rule. Participants in our experiment make more effort with the egalitarian than with the inverse proportional rule, but we document a sizeable over-expenditure even with the inverse proportional rule. We find that contribution in a public goods game is positively associated with effort in the group contest. Social value orientation, risk attitudes, competitiveness, or other personality traits do not predict behavior consistently.