bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Grafting Techniques: Unlocking the Potential of Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.)
Authors: Mugal Afsana , Mugal Farjana , Yadav Pushpa , Yadav Vaibhav , Yadav Amrendra Kumar
Published: November 2024

An Experiment was conducted at Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Shridhar University, Pilani, Rajasthan, India during 2023-2024. Softwood grafting and (T1 on June 15; T2 on June 30; T3 on July 15; T4; on July 30; T5 on August 15; T6 on August 30), tongue grafting (T7 on June 15; T8 on June 30; and T9 on July 15, T10 on 30th July, T11 on August15, T12 on August 30) these were the 12 grafting techniques that used as treatments in the study. For this study, one-year-old Ganesh seedlings were utilized as the rootstock. Experiment T3, which entailed grafting softwood on July 15th, had the highest outcomes in terms of early bud break (15.16 days), improved sprouting percentage (57.32%) at 150 DAG, and grafting success (74%), at 60 DAG. When softwood and whip & tongue grafting methods were compared, softwood grafting produced better results in terms of bud break, sprouting percentage, and grafting success.
Exploration and Practice of Teaching Methods for College Mathematics Courses Based on Flipped Classroom
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqiang , Wu Mingyuan , Li Limei
Published: November 2024

In the context of the information age, the flipped classroom teaching model has brought new inspiration to the reform of higher education. The flipped classroom achieves the transformation of knowledge transmission and internalization through the approach of "online learning and offline internalization". Its personalized and collaborative learning environment helps cultivate students' learning abilities and innovative thinking. In response to the problems existing in current college mathematics teaching, this article has carried out a reform and practice of teaching mode based on flipped classroom. By constructing a teaching process for three stages before, during, and after class, utilizing an information-based teaching platform, and adopting strategies such as project-based learning and collaborative learning, good teaching results have been achieved.
Emigration and It’s Comparative Economic Impact on Households: A Study of Northern Kerala with a Focus on Malappuram District
Authors: L Suprabha. , Sabira.A  , Greeshma.H
Published: November 2024

Migration has been identified as one of the dominant factors influencing the overall development of the world's major economies. Emigrants often send money home, enhancing their families' standards of living and thereby contributing both to the home economy and the nation’s trade balance. The study analyses the trends in emigration and foreign remittance of the districts with special reference to the Malappuram district by the comparative analysis of the households of the Northern districts of Kerala. This study also examines the relative economic gains of emigration in the households of the northern districts of Kerala. The study is primarily based on secondary data from the Kerala Migration Survey, 2018. The trend analysis and ANOVA test are mainly used for the analysis. The study found that Malappuram district has the distinction of sending out the largest number of emigrants from northern Kerala and the total remittances to the district have increased. The ANOVA test results show that Malappuram district has a comparative economic advantage over other northern districts in terms of household income and various spending categories. However, this increased income is mainly spent rather than saved or invested. The significant P-value (p<0.05) for all variables indicates that the mean differences are statistically significant.
Análise Epidemiológica das Mamografias Realizadas em Alagoas no Período 2018-2022
Authors: Farias Kassiara Ferreira Felix de Lima , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira , Santos Mirelle dos , Moraes Marianny Medeiros de , Cavalcante Kariane Omena Ramos , Moreira Anderson da Silva
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a patologia que mais causa morbimortalidade na população do sexo feminino no mundo, as estatísticas revelam que quanto mais precocemente o câncer é detectado e tratado, maiores são as chances de cura, e com o câncer de mama não é diferente. Dessa forma o estudo analisou a interferência da pandemia pela covid-19 na realização de exames mamográficos em mulheres em um estado do nordeste brasileiro. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, quantitativo, com abordagem descritiva e retrospectiva, realizado a partir do Sistema de informação do Câncer- SISCAN (colo do útero e mama), na base de Informações de Saúde do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os dados foram procedentes de informações divulgadas pelo estado de Alagoas no período de 2018 a 2022, e a coleta ocorreu no período agosto de 2023. Resultados: No ápice pandêmico ocorreu uma sobrecarga do sistema de saúde em todos os estados brasileiros, onde os estabelecimentos e profissionais da saúde tiveram que avaliar qual situação era mais urgente, com isso ocorreu a diminuição do rastreio de CA de mama com o declínio da realização das mamografias e aumento de casos de CA sintomáticos. Conclusão: Os impactos gerados pela pandemia refletiram negativamente nos cuidados à saúde da população feminina, interferindo na realização dos exames preventivos do câncer de mama.
Educação Inclusiva E Os Desafios Do Atendimento Educacional Especializado
Authors: Fávero Cristina Hill , Moraes Gelcimara Martins De , Vasconcelos Welber Eustaquio De , Ribeiro Gilberto Arbues , Pinheiro Joaquim Furtado
Published: November 2024

Este estudo analisa os desafios e avanços da educação inclusiva, com enfoque no papel do Atendimento
Educacional Especializado (AEE) como ferramenta central para eliminar barreiras e promover a aprendizagem
equitativa. A pesquisa, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica, examina marcos históricos, legislações e práticas
pedagógicas que embasam a inclusão educacional no Brasil. Destacam-se políticas como a Constituição Federal
de 1988, a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (2015) e o Plano Nacional de Educação, que consolidam a obrigatoriedade
do acesso e permanência de alunos com deficiência no ensino regular. Apesar desses avanços, a implementação
do AEE enfrenta desafios como a insuficiência de formação docente, a falta de recursos pedagógicos e
tecnológicos, e a resistência cultural que dificulta a aceitação das diferenças. Além disso, a falta de articulação
intersetorial entre as áreas de educação, saúde e assistência social compromete a eficácia das políticas
inclusivas. O estudo conclui que a superação dessas barreiras exige esforços coordenados entre governo, escolas
e comunidades, com ênfase na formação continuada dos professores, na ampliação dos investimentos em
infraestrutura e na sensibilização para a valorização da diversidade. Assim, a inclusão pode se consolidar como um direito efetivo, promovendo o respeito e a participação plena de todos os estudantes
Giardia intestinalis cystatin is a potent inhibitor of papain, parasite cysteine proteases and, to a lesser extent, human cathepsin B
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Svärd Staffan G. , Klotz Christian
Published: May 2019

Cystatins are important regulators of papain‐like cysteine proteases. In the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis, papain‐like cysteine proteases play an essential role in the parasite's biology and pathogenicity. Here, we characterized a cysteine protease inhibitor of G. intestinalis that belongs to type‐I‐cystatins. The parasite cystatin is shown to be a strong inhibitor of papain (Ki ≈ 0.3 nm) and three parasite cysteine proteases (CP14019, CP16160 and CP16779, Ki ≈ 0.9–5.8 nm), but a weaker inhibitor of human cathepsin B (Ki ≈ 79.9 nm). The protein localizes mainly in the cytoplasm. Together, these data suggest that cystatin of G. intestinalis plays a role in the regulation of cysteine protease activities in the parasite and, possibly, in the interaction with the host.
Overexpression of the dopamine receptor‐interacting protein Alix/AIP1 modulates NMDA receptor‐triggered cell death
Authors: Salim Sharifah , Nasir Jamal , Chen Philip E.
Published: May 2019

Alix/AIP1 is an adaptor protein involved in apoptosis, endocytic membrane trafficking and brain development. Alix has been found within the human postsynaptic density (PSD) and, since NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are central components of the PSD, we hypothesized that the close proximity of both proteins may allow Alix to influence the downstream pathways following NMDAR activation. NMDARs play important roles in excitotoxicity and we evaluated the effects of recombinant Alix in an NMDAR cell death assay. Overexpression of Alix with NMDARs increases the potency of NMDAR‐ induced cell death compared to cells expressing only NMDARs, and this requires expression of the Alix C‐terminal region. Therefore, we demonstrate a previously unreported role for Alix as a potential modulator of NMDAR function.
The Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT): Enhancing witness recall of workplace incidents
Authors: MacLean Carla L. , Gabbert Fiona , Hope Lorraine
Published: May 2019

Given the often crucial role of witness evidence in occupational health and safety investigation, statements should be obtained as soon as possible after an incident using best practice methods. The present research systematically tested the efficacy of a novel Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT), an adapted version of the Self‐Administered Interview designed to elicit comprehensive information from witnesses to industrial events. The present study also examined the effect of schematic processing on witness recall. Results indicate that the SAW‐IT elicited significantly more correct details, as well as more precise information than a traditional incident report form. Contextual information about a worker's safety history biased the reports of participant witnesses, confirming that witnesses should be shielded from extraneous post‐event information prior to reporting. Importantly, these results demonstrate that the SAW‐IT can enhance the quality of witness reports.
Sn−Li Transmetalation of α‐Aminoorganostannanes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Dehydropiperidines and Dehydroazepanes
Authors: Lumbroso Alexandre , Beaudet Isabelle , Quintard Jean‐Paul , Fraisse Cécile , Galland Nicolas , Toupet Loïc , Le Grognec Erwan
Published: May 2019

A highly diastereoselective synthesis of (R,S) or (S,S) 2,6‐disubstituted dehydropiperidines and 2,7‐disubstituted dehydroazepanes has been developed. The stereochemical preference for the (R,S) or the (S,S) isomer is governed by a tin‐lithium exchange/electrophilic trapping sequence combined with a ring‐closing metathesis. Their relative order was found to have a dramatic influence on the interaction controlling the epimerization at the anionic center. In each case, the complete stereodivergence of the reactions sequence is explained by considering the stabilization brought by the lithium‐carbonyl coordination and rationalized by DFT calculations.

magnified image
Improving access to genetic testing for adults with intellectual disability: A literature review and lessons from a quality improvement project in East London
Authors: Adlington Katherine , Smith James , Crabtree Jason , Win Soe , Rennie Jade , Khodatars Kuresh , Rosser Elisabeth , Hall Ian
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in genetic research have led to an increased focus on genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID) and have raised new questions about how and when clinicians offer genetic testing and the nature of communication around this decision with patients and carers. Determining the right approach to such discussions is complicated by complexities of communication, consent, and capacity and ethical concerns about genetic testing in this population. In this article, we briefly discuss the recent advances in genetic research relevant to people with intellectual disability, highlighting the challenges that might arise when undertaking genetic testing in this population. We then describe how we have used a Quality Improvement methodology to develop a clinical pathway for routine genetic testing for adults with intellectual disability in a clinical setting in East London.
Enantioselective C−H Activation with Earth‐Abundant 3d Transition Metals
Authors: Loup Joachim , Dhawa Uttam , Pesciaioli Fabio , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2019

Molecular syntheses largely rely on time‐ and labour‐intensive prefunctionalization strategies. In contrast, C−H activation represents an increasingly powerful approach that avoids lengthy syntheses of prefunctionalized substrates, with great potential for drug discovery, the pharmaceutical industry, material sciences, and crop protection, among others. The enantioselective functionalization of omnipresent C−H bonds has emerged as a transformative tool for the step‐ and atom‐economical generation of chiral molecular complexity. However, this rapidly growing research area remains dominated by noble transition metals, prominently featuring toxic palladium, iridium and rhodium catalysts. Indeed, despite significant achievements, the use of inexpensive and sustainable 3d metals in asymmetric C−H activations is still clearly in its infancy. Herein, we discuss the remarkable recent progress in enantioselective transformations via organometallic C−H activation by 3d base metals up to April 2019.
Impact of the aluminum sulfate 18‐hydrate particle size on the coordination crosslinking behaviors of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber–aluminum sulfate 18‐hydrate composites
Authors: Cao Changlin , Cai Congyu , Wang Yangtao , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua
Published: May 2019

In this study, aluminum sulfate 18‐hydrate [Al2(SO4)3·18H2O] particles of different sizes, which were obtained via high‐energy ball‐milling technology, were successfully compounded with acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) to fabricate crosslinked rubber composites. The results suggest that high‐energy ball milling had no significant change on the crystal structure of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, but it significantly reduced the particle size. The effects of the particles size on the coordination crosslinking behaviors and mechanical properties of the NBR–Al2(SO4)3·18H2O composites were fully explored. The coordination crosslinking reaction was demonstrated to occur between the nitrile group (─CN) and Al(III). Moreover, with the decreasing particle size, the composites achieved a better interfacial adhesion and more crosslinking points, and this led to significant increases in the crosslinking density and the mechanical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47717.
Polymeric and non‐crosslinked acid self‐thickening agent based on hydrophobically associating water‐soluble polymer during the acid rock reaction
Authors: Tian Haiyang , Quan Hongping , Huang Zhiyu , Duan Wenmeng , Deng Shunjie
Published: May 2019

Different from traditional crosslinked polymer diverting agents, a polymeric and non‐crosslinked acid self‐thickening agent (ZPAM) based on hydrophobically associating water‐soluble polymer of acrylamide (AM), [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) andN,N′‐dimethyl octadecyl allyl ammonium chloride (DOAC) was synthesized. The apparent viscosity variation of ZPAM acid solutions in acid rock reaction and rheological properties of ZPAM spent acid solutions were studied. Results showed that ZPAM acid solutions demonstrated good uninterruptedly thickening ability from low apparent viscosity to high apparent viscosity during the acid rock reaction. Meanwhile, ZPAM spent acid solutions showed good shear resistance, viscoelasticity and high temperature resistance. The thickening mechanism of ZPAM acid solutions during the acid rock reaction was explained by apparent viscosity change, rheological properties of simulative ZPAM acid solutions, and ZPAM aqueous solutions with different concentrations of CaCl2. The results showed increasing calcium chloride concentration enhanced the hydrophobic association strength of the thickener solution, resulting in increasing solution viscosity, in other words, the self‐thickening agent showed excellent salt resistance and acid resistance. In addition, the change of association strength of ZPAM acid solutions during the acid rock reaction was further confirmed via environmental scanning electron micrographs and UV spectrum. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47907.
Camphene/polystyrene solutions: A rheological approach for material processing industry
Authors: Felix Manuel , Perez‐Puyana Victor , Paúl Antonio , Sepúlveda Ranier
Published: May 2019

Rheological properties of polymer–camphene solutions are very relevant as they affect their stability, and they have many implications in operation costs. This work elucidates the rheological properties of polystyrene (PS–camphene) solutions with industrial applications. Unfortunately, the assessment of the very low shear viscosities of camphene‐based materials (below 0.005 Pa s) is still a challenge with commercial rheometers. Flow curves, stress growth tests, and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements were carried out as a function of PS concentration (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 wt % PS) to understand the rheological behavior of these systems. Results indicate that liquid camphene has a shear‐thinning behavior (flow index = 0.99) when the increase of polymer concentration involves changes in the structure of these systems (flow index = 0.10 for 20 wt % PS). An increase in PS concentration leads to a forwarding in the shear‐thinning zone, and the Newtonian region (from ∼1 s−1, for 0 wt % PS, to 10−3 s−1 for 20 wt % PS). Eventually, these results evidence the high dependence of
η∞ on PS concentration (from ∼1.16 ± 0.01 Pa s, for 0 wt % PS, to 631.5 ± 0.2 Pa s for 20 wt % PS). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47953.
Stepping up from subsistence to commercial intensive farming to enhance welfare of farmer households in Indonesia
Authors: Mariyono Joko
Published: May 2019

This article assesses the welfare impact of intensive chilli farming and determines the factors motivating farmers to engage in commercial farming. This study uses a structural equation model that measures the direct and indirect effects of explanatory variables on intensive chilli production and welfare. This study uses data of field surveys of randomly selected 220 farmers in three regions of Java. The results show that stepping up to intensive and profit‐oriented farming improved farmers' welfare. Internal and external factors, directly and indirectly, affected farmers' decision to devote more resources to commercial chilli farming. Farmers' knowledge, as well as access to credit, technology adoption, marketplace, and traders, played significant roles in improving rural welfare. The government needs to reform marketing system of horticultural products and establish market infrastructures to accommodate oversupply during peak season. Easy and flexible credit should be available and accessible to farmers, with technology applicable to such agriculture.
Professional Organizations in Twittersphere: An Empirical Study of U.S. Library and Information Science Professional Organizations‐Related Tweets
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Yin
Published: May 2019

Twitter is utilized by many, including professional businesses and organizations; however, there are very few studies on how other entities interact with these organizations in the Twittersphere. This article presents a study that investigates tweets related to 5 major library and information science (LIS) professional organizations in the United States. This study applies a systematic tweets analysis framework, including descriptive analytics, network analytics, and co‐word analysis of hashtags. The findings shed light on user engagement with LIS professional organizations and the trending discussion topics on Twitter, which is valuable for enabling more successful social media use and greater influence.
Modulation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Waterborne Polyurethanes via Charge‐Transfer Effect
Authors: Li Zongren , Wang Tao , Xu Dong , Zuo Jie , Li Xinyu , Li Zhiwei , Xu Fei , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: May 2019

Here, we designed several waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) via serving charge‐transfer (CT) states as a mediate bridge between singlet and triplet states to boost reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). By tuning substituents of diphenyl sulfone (DS), we found that O,O′‐ and S,S′‐substituted DS covalently incorporated in WPUs solely show typical fluorescence emission with lifetimes in the nanosecond range. Interestingly, TADF appears by replacing the substituent with the nitrogen atom, of which lifetimes are up to ≈10 microseconds and ≈1 millisecond in air and vacuum, respectively, even though the energy gap between singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) is still large for generating TADF. To explain this phenomenon, an energy level mode based on CT states and an 3(n‐π*) receiver state was proposed. By the rational modulation of CT states, it is possible to tune the ΔEST to render TADF‐based materials suitable for versatile applications.
Circulating long non‐coding RNA GAS5 and SOX2OT as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kamel Lamiaa M. , Atef Dina M. , Mackawy Amal M.H. , Shalaby Sally M. , Abdelraheim Nader
Published: May 2019

Early diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential for patient treatment and prognosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have potential roles in tumor initiation and differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the circulating lncRNA, growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT), could be used as noninvasive biomarkers for NSCLC diagnosis. Moreover, we aimed at evaluating the association between lncRNA and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC in order to predict the cancer prognosis. The results showed significant downregulation of GAS5 expression and upregulation of SOX2OT in NSCLC patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the expression level of GAS5 was declined in stage IV of NSCLC, but SOX2OT expression was increased sharply in stages III and IV. The expression levels of lncRNAs were used to distinguish NSCLC patients from control with an area under curve of 0.81 (sensitivity 82.5% and specificity 80%) for GAS5 and 0.73 (sensitivity 76.3% and specificity 78.6%) for SOX2OT. The combination of GAS5 and SOX2OT showed differentiation NSCLC patients from controls with increased sensitivity (83.8) and specificity (81.4). In conclusion, the newly developed diagnostic panel involving of circulating GAS5 and SOX2OT could be perfect biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
Bioenergy RES hybrids − assessment of status in Finland, Austria, Germany, and Denmark
Authors: Hakkarainen Elina , Hannula Ilkka , Vakkilainen Esa
Published: May 2019

This paper surveys the status and future prospects of bioenergy renewable energy source (RES) hybrids, i.e. energy conversion processes that have at least two renewable energy inputs, one of which is bioenergy. Finland, Austria, Germany and Denmark were the case study countries. We found that the implementation of bioenergy RES hybrids was already ongoing in various sectors, but a majority of them was focused on domestic heating applications. Bioenergy can be used to provide flexible resources for both energy supply and energy storage. An important motivation behind hybrid systems is the possibility of switching between different energy sources in an optimal way. No significant technical limitations were identified for surveyed hybrid systems, but the future economic potential of bioenergy RES hybrids remains difficult to estimate as the value of flexibility cannot be assessed in isolation from the energy system. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baclofen impurities: Facile synthesis and novel environmentally benign chromatographic method for their simultaneous determination in baclofen
Authors: Elagawany Mohamed , Farid Nehal F. , Elgendy Bahaa , Abdelmomen Esraa H. , Abdelwahab Nada S.
Published: May 2019

An efficient, economic and high yielding method was described for the synthesis of baclofen (BAC) pharmacopoeial impurities (impurity A and impurity B) which can be used for gram‐scale synthesis. Furthermore, a novel ecofriendly thin‐layer chromatographic TLC–densitometric method was established and validated for the determination of BAC and its synthesized impurities. The developed TLC–densitometric method is based on the chromatographic separation using TLC plates (60 F254) using a green mobile phase of ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia solution, 33% (8:2:0.1, by volume) with UV scanning at 220 nm. The proposed method was validated with respect to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The validated method was successfully applied for determination of BAC in pure form and in its commercial dosage form. Additionally, the greenness profile of the developed method was evaluated and compared with those of the reported chromatographic methods. The developed method was found to be superior to the published methods, being environmentally benign.
A high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for determination of flunarizine in human plasma: Pharmacokinetic study with different doses
Authors: Bhadoriya Abhaysingh , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Sanyal Mallika , Yadav Manish S.
Published: May 2019

A high‐throughput and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of flunarizine in human plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction under acidic conditions was used to extract flunarizine and flunarizine‐d8 from 100 μL human plasma. The mean extraction recovery obtained for flunarizine was 98.85% without compromising the sensitivity of the method. The chromatographic separation was performed on Hypersil Gold C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) column using methanol–10 mm ammonium formate, pH 3.0 (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. A tandem mass spectrometer (API‐5500) equipped with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ion mode was used for detection of flunarizine. Multiple reaction monitoring was selected for quantitation using the transitions, m/z 405.2 → 203.2 for flunarizine and m/z 413.1 → 203.2 for flunarizine‐d8. The validated concentration range was established from 0.10 to 100 ng/mL. The accuracy (96.1–103.1%), intra‐batch and inter‐batch precision (CV ≤ 5.2%) were satisfactory and the drug was stable in human plasma under all tested conditions. The method was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 5 and 10 mg flunarizine tablet formulation in 24 healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC were dose‐proportional.
Spectroscopic Insights into the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Ammonia on Sulfuric Acid‐modified Fe2O3 Surface
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Zhang Jie , Du Yueyao , Zhang Ying , Wu Xiaomin , Jing Guohua
Published: May 2019

Recently, we show that a novel architecture based on sulfuric acid‐modified Fe2O3 nanoplates provide highly efficient catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3. In the present article, it has been possible to identify the reaction mechanism and the nature of the surface active species in this catalyst by using time‐resolved diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy. The results suggest a catalytic cycle that involves surface NH4+ and NO2− species, which would be efficient as surface species in the (NH4+)(NO2−)→N2+2H2O conversion. Hence, a model for the abatement of NOx has been proposed, which accounts for the observed high activity and selectivity of the catalyst.
Enhanced Hole Transport in Ternary Blend Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Midori Koshiro , Fukuhara Tomohiro , Tamai Yasunari , Do Kim Hyung , Ohkita Hideo
Published: May 2019

Recently, ternary blend polymer solar cells have attracted great attention to improve a short‐circuit current density (JSC) effectively, because complementary absorption bands can harvest the solar light over a wide wavelength range from visible to near‐IR region. Interestingly, some ternary blend solar cells have shown improvements not only in JSC but also in fill factor (FF). Previously, we also reported that a ternary blend solar cell based on a low‐bandgap polymer (PTB7‐Th), a wide‐bandgap polymer (PDCBT), and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) exhibited a higher FF than their binary analogues. Herein, we study charge transport in PTB7‐Th/PDCBT/PCBM ternary blend films to address the origin of the improvement in FF. We found that hole polarons are located in PTB7‐Th domains and their mobility is enhanced in the ternary blend film.
Differential Expression of CD43, CD81, and CD200 in Classic Versus Variant Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Salem Dalia A. , Scott Drake , McCoy Catharine S. , Liewehr David J. , Venzon David J. , Arons Evgeny , Kreitman Robert J. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) are rare diseases with overlapping clinicopathological features. Features distinguishing HCL from HCLv include expression of CD25, CD123, CD200, annexin‐A1, and the presence of BRAF V600E mutation. HCLv typically lacks these markers, but they may occur in a subgroup of HCL patients with an aggressive clinical course. We examined CD43, CD81, CD79b, and CD200 expression in HCL and HCLv.

Methods

Multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) was performed on blood from 59 HCL and 15 HCLv patients for protocol entry. Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD43, CD79b, CD81, and CD200 was determined (for CD200, n = 17 and 7, respectively).

Results

Median MFI of HCL vs HCLv was 545 vs 272 for CD43, 602 vs 2,450 for CD81, 4,962 vs 1,969 for CD79b, and 11,652 vs 1,405 for CD200, respectively. Analysis of the median differences, HCL minus HCLv (and their 95% confidence intervals and P‐values) indicated that CD43 MFI (estimated median difference (95% CI): 212 [72–413; P = 0.0027) and CD200 MFI (9,883 [3,514–13,434]; P < 0.0001) were higher in HCL than in HCLv, while CD81 MFI (−1,858 [−2,604 to −1,365]; P < 0.0001) was lower in HCL than in HCLv. CD79b MFI HCL median was more than double that of HCLv, but the observed difference (1,571 [−739 to 4,417]) was consistent with the null hypothesis of no difference (P = 0.13).

Conclusions

CD200, CD43, and CD81 are likely differentially expressed between HCL and HCLv, reflecting their differing disease biology. Inclusion of these markers in FCM is potentially informative. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Stress and parenting predict changes in adolescent respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Fox Andrew R. , Aldrich Jaclyn T. , Ahles Joshua J. , Mezulis Amy H.
Published: May 2019

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of physiological emotion regulatory systems. While stressful life experiences are known to inhibit adaptive regulation, less is known about how parental socialization of emotion regulation may affect this relation. We examined the effect of stressful life experiences on changes in the resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels of 107 (Mage = 12.84, SD = 0.85) young adolescents over a year, moderated by supportive parental responses to negative emotions. The significant interaction (B = 0.02, p = 0.04) indicated that young adolescents who experienced low levels of supportive parenting in the context of high levels of stressful life experiences showed significant decreases in resting RSA over the year, while adolescents who experienced high levels of supportive parenting showed minimal decreases in RSA. Thus, more supportive parenting significantly compensated for the effect of greater stressful life experiences on changes in resting RSA over time.
Efficient adsorption of Cd(ІІ) ions from aqueous media onto a semi‐interpenetrating bio‐composite
Authors: Shehab Ahmed M. , Abdelbary El‐Sayed M. , Elsherbiny Ibrahim M. , Butler Ian S. , Mostafa Sahar I.
Published: May 2019

New bio‐composite, semi‐interpenetrating biopolymers (obtained from hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylonitrile [h‐CMC‐g‐PAN] and sodium alginate [Na‐Alg] using CaCl2 as a cross linker; semi‐interpenetrating biopolymers [s‐IPNs]) have been prepared and fully characterized using spectroscopic (FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, EDS), elemental analysis, and thermal analysis measurements measurements. The morphology and structure of these s‐IPNs are different from those obtained with solely h‐CMC‐g‐PAN and Na‐Alg indicating successive functionalization. The availability of the functional‐rich bio‐composites has afforded an excellent opportunity to test them as sorbents for the uptake of toxic Cd(II) ions from aqueous media. Subsequently, the uptake of Cd(II) ions was shown to be dependent on the pH, shaking time, temperature, amount of sorbent, and the initial concentration of the Cd(II) ions. The maximum Cd(II) ion uptake was 99.5% at pH 6, using 50 mg of sorbent with 120 min shaking time at 25°C. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with Langmuir model, with calculated maximum adsorption capacity 49.75 mg g−1. The kinetic studies were modeled using a pseudo second‐order reaction. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔGo, and ΔSo) of the uptake of Cd(II) ions onto s‐IPNs were found to be −13,176.07 Jmol−1, −4,572.7 Jmol−1, and 28.87 J K−1 mol−1, respectively, verifying spontaneous exothermic process. Successive desorption and reusability of s‐IPNs for the uptake of Cd(II) indicated, its high efficiency over three cycles.
Effortful verb retrieval from semantic memory drives beta suppression in mesial frontal regions involved in action initiation
Authors: Pavlova Anna A. , Butorina Anna V. , Nikolaeva Anastasia Y. , Prokofyev Andrey O. , Ulanov Maxim A. , Bondarev Denis P. , Stroganova Tatiana A.
Published: May 2019

The contribution of the motor cortex to the semantic retrieval of verbs remains a subject of debate in neuroscience. Here, we examined whether additional engagement of the cortical motor system was required when access to verbs semantics was hindered during a verb generation task. We asked participants to produce verbs related to presented noun cues that were either strongly associated with a single verb to prompt fast and effortless verb retrieval, or were weakly associated with multiple verbs and more difficult to respond to. Using power suppression of magnetoencephalography beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, we performed a whole‐brain analysis in order to identify the cortical regions sensitive to the difficulty of verb semantic retrieval. Highly reliable suppression of beta oscillations occurred 250 ms after the noun cue presentation and was sustained until the onset of verbal response. This was localized to multiple cortical regions, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the left hemisphere. Crucially, the only cortical regions where beta suppression was sensitive to the task difficulty, were the higher order motor areas on the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal lobe. Stronger activation of the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area accompanied the effortful verb retrieval and preceded the preparation of verbal responses for more than 500 ms, thus, overlapping with the time window of verb retrieval from semantic memory. Our results suggest that reactivation of verb‐related motor plans in higher order motor circuitry promotes the semantic retrieval of target verbs.
Methionine Adenosyltransferase α1 Is Targeted to the Mitochondrial Matrix and Interacts with Cytochrome P450 2E1 to Lower Its Expression
Authors: Murray Ben , Peng Hui , Barbier‐Torres Lucia , Robinson Aaron E. , Li Tony W. H. , Fan Wei , Tomasi Maria Lauda , Gottlieb Roberta A. , Van Eyk Jenny , Lu Zhimin , Martínez‐Chantar Maria L. , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Skill Nicholas J. , Mato José M. , Lu Shelly C.
Published: May 2019

Methionine adenosyltransferase α1 (MATα1, encoded by MAT1A) is responsible for hepatic biosynthesis of S‐adenosyl methionine, the principal methyl donor. MATα1 also act as a transcriptional cofactor by interacting and influencing the activity of several transcription factors. Mat1a knockout (KO) mice have increased levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aims of the current study were to identify binding partners of MATα1 and elucidate how MATα1 regulates CYP2E1 expression. We identified binding partners of MATα1 by coimmunoprecipitation (co‐IP) and mass spectrometry. Interacting proteins were confirmed using co‐IP using recombinant proteins, liver lysates, and mitochondria. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) samples were used to confirm relevance of our findings. We found that MATα1 negatively regulates CYP2E1 at mRNA and protein levels, with the latter being the dominant mechanism. MATα1 interacts with many proteins but with a predominance of mitochondrial proteins including CYP2E1. We found that MATα1 is present in the mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes using immunogold electron microscopy. Mat1a KO hepatocytes had reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, both of which were normalized when MAT1A was overexpressed. In addition, KO hepatocytes were sensitized to ethanol and tumor necrosis factor α–induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Interaction of MATα1 with CYP2E1 was direct, and this facilitated CYP2E1 methylation at R379, leading to its degradation through the proteasomal pathway. Mat1a KO livers have a reduced methylated/total CYP2E1 ratio. MATα1’s influence on mitochondrial function is largely mediated by its effect on CYP2E1 expression. Patients with ALD have reduced MATα1 levels and a decrease in methylated/total CYP2E1 ratio. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a critical role of MATα1 in regulating mitochondrial function by suppressing CYP2E1 expression at multiple levels.
Childhood infectious diseases and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma according to the WHO classification: A reanalysis of the Italian multicenter case–control study
Authors: Parodi Stefano , Seniori Costantini Adele , Crosignani Paolo , Fontana Arabella , Miligi Lucia , Nanni Oriana , Piro Sara , Ramazzotti Valerio , Rodella Stefania , Tumino Rosario , Vindigni Carla , Vineis Paolo , Stagnaro Emanuele
Published: May 2019

Since 1960, incidence of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been increasing in most industrialized countries, but causes of this trend remain unclear. A role of the decreased exposure to infectious agents during childhood has been proposed. Our study evaluates the association between common childhood infectious diseases and the risk of NHL and its major subtypes by a reanalysis of the Italian multicenter case–control study. After exclusion of next‐of‐kin interviews, 1,193 cases, diagnosed between 1990 and 1993, and 1,708 population‐based controls were included in the analyses. OR estimates were obtained by logistic regression, adjusting for gender, age, residence area, education, smoking habit and exposure to radiations, pesticides and aromatic hydrocarbons. Among B‐cell lymphomas (n = 1,102) an inverse association was observed for rubella (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.99), pertussis (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62–0.88) and any infection (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.93). A negative trend by number of infections was observed, which was more evident among mature B‐cell lymphoma (OR = 0.66 for three infections or more, 95% CI: 0.48–0.90). Our results indicate a potential protective role of common childhood infections in the etiology of B‐cell NHL.
Trastuzumab cotreatment improves survival of mice with PC‐3 prostate cancer xenografts treated with the GRPR antagonist 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26
Authors: Mitran Bogdan , Rinne Sara S. , Konijnenberg Mark W. , Maina Theodosia , Nock Berthold A. , Altai Mohamed , Vorobyeva Anzhelika , Larhed Mats , Tolmachev Vladimir , de Jong Marion , Rosenström Ulrika , Orlova Anna
Published: May 2019

Gastrin‐releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in prostate cancer and are suitable for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). We optimized the bombesin‐derived GRPR‐antagonist PEG2‐RM26 for labeling with 177Lu and further determined the effect of treatment with 177Lu‐labeled peptide alone or in combination with the anti‐HER2 antibody trastuzumab in a murine model. The PEG2‐RM26 analog was coupled to NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA chelators. The peptide‐chelator conjugates were labeled with 177Lu and characterized in vitro and in vivo. A preclinical therapeutic study was performed in PC‐3 xenografted mice. Mice were treated with intravenous injections (6 cycles) of (A) PBS, (B) DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26, (C) 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26, (D) trastuzumab or (E) 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 in combination with trastuzumab. 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 demonstrated quantitative labeling yield at high molar activity (450 GBq/μmol), high in vivo stability (5 min pi >98% of radioligand remained when coinjected with phosphoramidon), high affinity to GRPR (KD = 0.4 ± 0.2 nM), and favorable biodistribution (1 hr pi tumor uptake was higher than in healthy tissues, including the kidneys). Therapy with 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 induced a significant inhibition of tumor growth. The median survival for control groups was significantly shorter than for treated groups (Group C 66 days, Group E 74 days). Trastuzumab together with radionuclide therapy significantly improved survival. No treatment‐related toxicity was observed. In conclusion, based on in vitro and in vivo characterization of the four 177Lu‐labeled PEG2‐RM26 analogs, we concluded that 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 was the most promising analog for TRT. Radiotherapy using 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine prostate cancer model. Anti‐HER2 therapy additionally improved survival.
In situ syntheses of hydroxyapatite‐grafted graphene oxide composites
Authors: Iacoboni Ilaria , Perrozzi Francesco , Macera Ludovico , Taglieri Giuliana , Ottaviano Luca , Fioravanti Giulia
Published: May 2019

In this study, we examined three different syntheses of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and graphene oxide–hydroxyapatite (GO–HAp) composites with a GO content of 9, 33, and 43% wt. The materials were prepared from various precursors of calcium and phosphate ions, using an in situ synthesis method, with mild conditions to avoid reducing the GO. In situ bonding technology proposed that calcium ions bond with GO at first and then HAp nanoflakes in situ grow on GO sheets, forming GO–HAp nanocomposite. The aim of the present work was to analyze the differences due to the use of different starting reagents and verify, with the addition of increasing amounts of GO, the changes in morphology, crystallinity, and solubility of the obtained HAp composites. Detailed structural and morphological characterization studies of the composites were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that GO sheets act as a nucleation site for HAp mineralization, but we observed a loss of the crystallographic order due to the intercalation of the graphenic sheets between the HAp particles.
Efficient optimization of natural resonance theory weightings and bond orders by gram‐based convex programming
Authors: Glendening Eric D. , Wright Stephen J. , Weinhold Frank
Published: May 2019

We describe the formal algorithm and numerical applications of a novel convex quadratic programming (QP) strategy for performing the variational minimization that underlies natural resonance theory (NRT). The QP algorithm vastly improves the numerical efficiency, thoroughness, and accuracy of variational NRT description, which now allows uniform treatment of all reference structures at the high level of detail previously reserved only for leading “reference” structures, with little or no user guidance. We illustrate overall QPNRT search strategy, program I/O, and numerical results for a specific application to adenine, and we summarize more extended results for a data set of 338 species from throughout the organic, bioorganic, and inorganic domain. The improved QP‐based implementation of NRT is a principal feature of the newly released NBO 7.0 program version. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CRYSPLOT: A new tool to visualize physical and chemical properties of molecules, polymers, surfaces, and crystalline solids
Authors: Beata Giorgia , Perego Gianpaolo , Civalleri Bartolomeo
Published: May 2019

CRYSPLOT is a web‐oriented tool (http://crysplot.crystalsolutions.eu) to visualize computed properties of periodic systems, in particular, as computed with the CRYSTAL code. Along with plotting, CRYSPLOT also permits the modification and customization of plots to meet the standards required for scientific graphics. CRYSPLOT has been designed with advanced and freely available graphical Javascript libraries as Plotly. The programming language used is Javascript. The code parses the input files, reads the data, and organizes them into objects ready to be plotted with the plotly.js library. It is modular and flexible so that it is very simple to add other input data formats. The new graphical tool is presented in details along with selected applications on metal–organic frameworks to show some of its capabilities. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel phosphoglucomutase‐deficient mouse model reveals aberrant glycosylation and early embryonic lethality
Authors: Balakrishnan Bijina , Verheijen Jan , Lupo Arielle , Raymond Kimiyo , Turgeon Coleman , Yang Yueqin , Carter Kandis L. , Whitehead Kevin J. , Kozicz Tamas , Morava Eva , Lai Kent
Published: May 2019

Patients with phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) deficiency, a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) suffer from multiple disease phenotypes. Midline cleft defects are present at birth. Overtime, additional clinical phenotypes, which include severe hypoglycemia, hepatopathy, growth retardation, hormonal deficiencies, hemostatic anomalies, frequently lethal, early‐onset of dilated cardiomyopathy and myopathy emerge, reflecting the central roles of the enzyme in (glycogen) metabolism and glycosylation. To delineate the pathophysiology of the tissue‐specific disease phenotypes, we constructed a constitutive Pgm2 (mouse ortholog of human PGM1)‐knockout (KO) mouse model using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. After multiple crosses between heterozygous parents, we were unable to identify homozygous life births in 78 newborn pups (P = 1.59897E‐06), suggesting an embryonic lethality phenotype in the homozygotes. Ultrasound studies of the course of pregnancy confirmed Pgm2‐deficient pups succumb before E9.5. Oral galactose supplementation (9 mg/mL drinking water) did not rescue the lethality. Biochemical studies of tissues and skin fibroblasts harvested from heterozygous animals confirmed reduced Pgm2 enzyme activity and abundance, but no change in glycogen content. However, glycomics analyses in serum revealed an abnormal glycosylation pattern in the Pgm2+/− animals, similar to that seen in PGM1‐CDG.