bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of 3′UTR Variants at the LDLR and PCSK9 Genes in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Sanguino Otero Javier , Rodríguez-Jiménez Carmen , Mostaza Prieto Jose , Rodríguez-Antolín Carlos , Carazo Alvarez Ana , Arrieta Blanco Francisco , Rodríguez-Nóvoa Sonia
Published: February 2024

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200-250 individuals. Patients with FH are at increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving clinical outcomes. In many cases, however, the genetic diagnosis is not confirmed. At present, routine genetic testing does not analyze the 3′UTR regions of LDLR and PCSK9. However, 3′UTR-single nucleotide variants could be of interest because they can modify the target sequence of miRNAs that regulate the expression of these genes. Our study fully characterizes the 3′UTR regions of LDLR and PCSK9 in 409 patients with a suspected diagnosis of FH using next-generation sequencing. In 30 of the 409 patients, we found 21 variants with an allelic frequency of <1%; 14 of them at 3′UTR-LDLR and 8 at 3′UTR-PCSK9. The variants’ pathogenicity was studied in silico; subsequently, a number of the variants were functionally validated using luciferase reporter assays. LDLR:c.∗653G>C showed a 41% decrease in luciferase expression, while PCSK9:c.∗950C>T showed a 41% increase in PCSK9 expression, results that could explain the hypercholesterolemia phenotype. In summary, the genetic analysis of the 3′UTR regions of LDLR and PCSK9 could improve the genetic diagnosis of FH.
Integrated Proteogenomics Uncover Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Evolution, Pointing to Novel Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Li Jiabo , Shih Ling-Kai , Brat Daniel J.
Published: February 2024

Nearly all glioblastoma (GBM) patients relapse following standard treatment and eventually succumb to disease. While large-scale, integrated multiomic studies have tremendously advanced the understanding of primary GBM at the cellular and molecular level, the posttherapeutic trajectory and biological properties of recurrent GBM remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap was addressed in a recent Cancer Cell article in which Kim and colleagues report on a highly integrative proteogenomic analysis performed on 123 matched primary and recurrent GBMs that uncovered a dramatic evolutionary shift from a proliferative state at initial diagnosis to the activation of neuronal and synaptogenic pathways at recurrence following therapy. Neuronal transition was characterized by posttranslational activation of WNT/PCP signaling and BRAF kinase, while many canonical oncogenic pathways, and EGFR in particular, were downregulated. Parallel multiomics analyses of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models corroborated this evolutionary trajectory, allowing in vivo experiments for translational significance. Notably, targeting BRAF kinase disrupted both the neuronal transition and migration capabilities of recurrent gliomas, which were key characteristics of posttreatment progression. Furthermore, combining BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib with temozolomide prolonged survival in PDX models. Overall, the results reveal novel biological mechanisms of GBM evolution and therapy resistance, and suggest promising therapeutic intervention.
“RIPping” off Pancreas Cancer's Blockage of Immune Surveillance
Authors: Liu Xiuting , Sells Blake E. , DeNardo David G.
Published: February 2024

MHC-I downregulation is correlated with immunotherapy resistance in PDAC, but efficient strategies to increase cell-surface MHC-I are still lacking. This study by Sang, Zhou, Chen, Yu, and colleagues identified inhibition of tumor-intrinsic RIPK2 as a pharmacologic target to block the degradation of MHC-I on tumor cells and improved PDAC responses to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy.

See related article by Sang et al., p. 326 (1) .
The Role of Objective Movement Analysis in the Control of Yoga Asanas: A Case Study
Authors: Fronczek Magdalena , Kopacz Karolina , Kopacz Łukasz , Padula Gianluca
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Yoga is classified as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. It can be used in many disciplines including physiotherapy, medicine, and sport. The objective of the study was to identify possible biomechanical problems during yoga practice and to minimize the risk of injury. Case Presentation: Objective evaluation of the symmetry of asanas, balance, stability, and muscle tension was provided in case of a 37-year-old woman, practicing mainly aerial and Hatha yoga for 6 years. The bigger body tilt and deviations in center of pressure (COP) parameters were observed in tadasana during forward examinations. In tadasana, the highest muscle activity was observed in the rectus femoris. In case of forward tadasana observation, the highest activity was found in the gastrocnemius and in the lumbar portion of the erector spinae. During backward tadasana trial, the most active were the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles. In garudasana and natarajasana, the symmetry of the trunk position in relation to the lower limbs was observed, regardless of the supporting limb. In the same way, COP parameters in garudasana were similar regardless of the supporting limb. However, in natarajasana, the higher COP displacement parameters were observed in the case of the nondominant supporting limb. As for the electromyographic evaluation of garudasana and natarajasana, the highest muscle activity was observed in the lumbar portion of the erector spinae. In chakrasana, a slightly greater angle of the hip extension was observed in the left hip. A higher muscle activity in chakrasana was observed in the lumbar portion of the right erector spinae. In sirsasana, no significant displacements of the cervical spine were observed, but a higher activity of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle was found. Conclusion: With the use of objective movement analysis, possible biomechanical problems were identified. Attention should be paid to the normalization of the tension in the lumbar part of the right erector spinae and the right sternocleidomastoid muscle, as well as to the balance training in positions on the nondominant lower limb. Objective movement analysis can be a useful tool for instructors or physiotherapists to adjust yoga programs and correct asanas in order to avoid future injuries.
The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Eye Exercise of Acupoints in Dry Eye Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Leedasawat Pavasut , Sangvatanakul Paradi , Tungsukruthai Parunkul , Kamalashiran Chuntida , Phetkate Pratya , Patarajierapun Promporn , Sriyakul Kusuma
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Dry eye disorder (DED) is a growing global issue linked to excessive digital screen time. Chinese eye exercise of acupoint (CEA), a set of self-massages on shared Chinese acupuncture (CA), has been used to reduce visual-related ocular symptoms and possibly as an alternative treatment for DED. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of CEA. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital in Thailand, recruiting 56 participants aged 20–60 years, equally divided into two groups: the treatment group with CEA and the control group with standard lid hygiene treatment (STD). The intervention program lasted 12 weeks. Main outcome measures: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer-I test (SIT), corneal surface staining (CSS), and self-recorded forms for safety and adverse effects were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12. An independent sample t test, paired t test, and repeated measures (ANOVA) were used to compare results between both groups, study visits, and primary and secondary outcome measurements, respectively. The p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The characteristics were not statistically different between both groups at the baseline. The mean OSDI scores were significantly reduced in both groups at week 4 and week 12 compared to baseline (p value <0.05). Additionally, both CEA and STD showed significant improvement in TBUT and SIT (p value <0.05). CSS was significantly improved only in the CEA groups (p value <0.05). No significant differences were observed between the study groups, except for SIT at week 12 (p value <0.05). For the safety, there were no adverse side effects in either group. Conclusion: CEA seemed to be as effective as STD in improving the OSDI, TBUT, and SIT of DED without causing any side effects.
Assessment of Intranasal Function of the Trigeminal Nerve in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Garefis Konstantinos , Markou Dimitrios , Chatziavramidis Angelos , Nikolaidis Vasilios , Markou Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Iordanis
Published: February 2024

Background: The trigeminal nerve is a mixed cranial nerve responsible for the motor innervation of the masticatory muscles and the sensory innervation of the face, including the nasal cavities. Through its nasal innervation, we perceive sensations, such as cooling, tingling, and burning, while the trigeminal system mediates the perception of airflow. However, the intranasal trigeminal system has received little attention in the clinical evaluation of patients with nasal pathology. Summary: Testing methods that enable the clinical assessment of intranasal trigeminal function have recently been developed. This study aims to present the current clinical methods that can be utilised in everyday practice, as described in the literature. These methods include four assessment techniques: (1) the quick screening test of trigeminal sensitivity involves patients rating the intensity of ammonium vapour presented in a lipstick-like container. (2) The lateralisation test requires subjects to identify which nasal cavity is being stimulated by a trigeminal stimulus, such as eucalyptol or menthol, while the other side receives an odourless stimulus. (3) The trigeminal sticks test evaluates the trigeminal function similarly to the olfactory function using sticks filled with trigeminal stimulant liquids. (4) The automated CO2 stimulation device is used for measuring trigeminal pain thresholds, utilising intranasal CO2 stimuli to define the pain threshold. Key Messages: Assessing intranasal trigeminal function clinically may prove useful in evaluating rhinology patients, particularly those who encounter nasal obstruction without anatomical blockage and those experiencing olfactory disorders with suspected trigeminal dysfunction. Despite their limitations, the presented methods may provide useful information about nasal patency, chemosensitivity, and pain sensation in the daily clinical practice of such patients, leading to better therapeutic decisions.
Phosphorylation-Regulated Dynamic Phase Separation of HIP-55 Protects Against Heart Failure
Authors: Jiang Yunqi , Gu Jinge , Niu Xiaodou , Hu Jiaojiao , Zhang Yongzhen , Li Dan , Tang Yida , Liu Cong , Li Zijian
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Heart failure (HF), which is the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, is associated with low survival rates and a severe financial burden. The mechanisms, especially the molecular mechanism combined with new theories, underlying the pathogenesis of HF remain elusive. We demonstrate that phosphorylation-regulated dynamic liquid–liquid phase separation of HIP-55 (hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1–interacting protein of 55 kDa) protects against HF.

METHODS:

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay, differential interference contrast analysis, pull-down assay, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis were used to investigate the liquid–liquid phase separation capacity of HIP-55 and its dynamic regulation in vivo and in vitro. Mice with genetic deletion of HIP-55 and mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of HIP-55 were used to examine the role of HIP-55 on β-adrenergic receptor hyperactivation-induced HF. Mutation analysis and mice with specific phospho-resistant site mutagenesis were used to identify the role of phosphorylation-regulated dynamic liquid–liquid phase separation of HIP-55 in HF.

RESULTS:

Genetic deletion of HIP-55 aggravated HF, whereas cardiac-specific overexpression of HIP-55 significantly alleviated HF in vivo. HIP-55 possesses a strong capacity for phase separation. Phase separation of HIP-55 is dynamically regulated by AKT-mediated phosphorylation at S269 and T291 sites, failure of which leads to impairment of HIP-55 dynamic phase separation by formation of abnormal aggregation. Prolonged sympathetic hyperactivation stress induced decreased phosphorylation of HIP-55 S269 and T291, dysregulated phase separation, and subsequent aggregate formation of HIP55. Moreover, we demonstrated the important role of dynamic phase separation of HIP-55 in inhibiting hyperactivation of the β-adrenergic receptor–mediated P38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. A phosphorylation-deficient HIP-55 mutation, which undergoes massive phase separation and forms insoluble aggregates, loses the protective activity against HF.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our work reveals that the phosphorylation-regulated dynamic phase separation of HIP-55 protects against sympathetic/adrenergic system–mediated heart failure.
Gaston Labat, the Mayo Clinic, and the Introduction of Regional Anesthesia to the United States
Authors: Orkaby Asher , Desai Sukumar
Published: February 2024

Throughout the nineteenth century, transatlantic medical research and training was largely dominated by Western European hospitals. Americans trained in German, Austrian, French, and British medical schools and hospitals, and then returned to work in relatively subpar hospitals and medical schools in the U.S. This relationship was reversed after wwi, with European doctors seeking transition to a comparatively well-funded and respected medical community in the U.S. Recruited in 1920 from a French hospital system to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, the young surgeon Gaston Labat (1897–1934) became a pioneer in the development of regional anesthesiology and pain management practices in America, establishing the Mayo Clinic as a leader in this nascent field. Published in the U.S. in 1922, Labat’s textbook Regional Anesthesia was based upon his earlier years of work in Paris and came to define the field over the subsequent decades. Labat moved to Bellevue Hospital in New York City, and in 1923 founded the American Society of Regional Anesthesia (asra). The asra acted as an engine of transformation in the professionalization of the field of anesthesia in the U.S. and formed part of the organized response to the opioid crises that emerged in the early twentieth century. Labat’s story serves as a window into this period of transition in global medical leadership and the introduction of regional anesthesiology and acute pain management, based upon European medical practice.
The Kingdom and the Qur’an
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo
Published: February 2024

This book presents a detailed analysis of the translation of the Qur’an in Saudi Arabia, the most important global actor in the promotion, production and dissemination of Qur’an translations.

From the first attempts at translation in the mid-twentieth century to more recent state-driven efforts concerned with international impact, The Kingdom and the Qur’an adeptly elucidates the link between contemporary Islamic theology and the advent of modern print culture. It investigates this critical juncture in both Middle Eastern political history and the intellectual evolution of the Muslim world, interweaving literary, socio-historical, and socio-anthropological threads to depict the intricate backdrop of the Saudi ‘Qur'an translation movement’.

Mykhaylo Yakubovych provides a comprehensive historical overview of the debates surrounding the translatability of the Qur'an, as well as exploring the impact of the burgeoning translation and dissemination of the holy book upon Wahhabi and Salafi interpretations of Islam. Backed by meticulous research and drawing on a wealth of sources, this work illuminates an essential facet of global Islamic culture and scholarly discourse.
3. The Hilālī-Khān Translation
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo
Published: February 2024

Chapter Three, ‘The Hilali-Khan Translation: The First Interpretation of the Qur’an in a Foreign Language by Saudi Scholars’, provides the first comprehensive study of the textual history of this influential Qur’an translation into English―one which was first published in the USA in 1977 and prepared by scholars affiliated with the Islamic University of Madinah at the time. The Hilali-Khan translation provides a good illustration of how the original text of Qur’an translations can be subject to significant change in later editions, sometimes to the extent of completely changing the original and introducing new meanings that bear the hallmarks of a Salafi interpretation of the Qur’an. The Hilali-Khan translation (particularly the later editions published by Darussalam and the King Fahd Complex Glorious Qur’an Printing Complex) has also paved the way for a growing trend of ‘tafsīrisation’ of translation, the idea that the core meanings of the Qur’an will not be understood ‘properly’ by the reader if it is not supplemented by the ‘correct’ (in its Salafi or mainstream-Sunni sense) classical interpretation. This approach demonstrates the way that, in general, the Muslim tradition tends to view translation as a kind of commentary, seeing the translator (and also editor and publisher) as interpreters with the religious authority to undertake exegesis.
4. The King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Qur’an
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo
Published: February 2024

Chapter Four, ‘The King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Qur’an: A Turning Point in the History of Qur’an Translations’, discusses a unique phenomenon in twentieth-century Muslim intellectual life: the creation of a special institution (in 1984) for the production, revision, and publication of translations. While a significant proportion of the translations published by the KFGQPC are merely revised editions of earlier works, the organisation has also produced more than fifty newly-prepared translations, some of which have become extremely influential in various parts of the Muslim world. Remaining a leading international actor in the field, the KFGQPC has become the gold standard for many Salafi readers of the translations, as well as a broad range of Sunni audiences, with its own set of regulations and requirements for its translations, in terms of both their content and formal features.
5. Translation for Everyone
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo
Published: February 2024

Chapter Five, ‘Translation for Everyone: Collaborative Saudi Publishing Projects in Foreign Languages’, explores individual and private publishing projects in Saudi Arabia, past and present. These range from standalone, one-off translations such as ‘Saheeh International’, one of the most widely distributed Qur’an translations in the English-speaking Muslim world; to those produced by commercial publishing projects such as Darussalam, which publishes in a range of languages; to missionary initiatives such as the Tafsīr al-ʿUshr al-Akhīr project. Additionally, the chapter discusses some examples of how digitisation in the field of Islamic sources is changing the face of translation, rendering the translator less visible and promoting the production of a kind of multi-language translation which aims to provide the same reading and interpretation in every language.
Gender Differences Among Very Young Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Long-Term Follow-Up of the STAMINA Study
Authors: Papathanasiou Konstantinos A. , Rallidis Stylianos L. , Armylagos Stylianos , Kotrotsios Georgios , Rallidis Loukianos S.
Published: February 2024

The rate of hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among young patients is increasing. Healthcare disparities remain unsolved among female patients. We explored gender differences regarding risk factors, clinical presentation, in-hospital treatment, and long-term outcomes among ACS patients. A total of 445 patients with very early ACS (men ≤ 35 years and women ≤ 40 years of age) were followed for a median of 5 years. Primary clinical endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization. Women accounted for 16% of cases. Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor, 56% and 60% of the females and males, respectively, continued to smoke after ACS. Chest pain was typical in 85% and 83% of the female and male patients, respectively. In-hospital treatment (pharmacological and reperfusion) as well as the composite clinical endpoint during follow-up did not differ between female and male patients. Lipid-lowering therapy was suboptimal in both genders, and persistence of smoking was the sole predictor for the composite clinical endpoint (hazard ratio: 2.30 [95% CI: 1.26–4.20]; P = .007). In conclusion, in-hospital treatment was similar between male and female patients. However, the majority of them continued smoking, and this was an independent predictor for future adverse outcomes.
Do You See Me? An Examination of Black Pre-Service Teacher Experiences in a Teacher Preparation Program
Authors: Crenshaw Andrea , Yusuf Ayomide
Published: February 2024

Within the United States, Elementary education has been a discursive space dominated by a White, English-monolingual, middle-class teaching force and perspectives. A look at teacher preparation programs across the nation highlights the growing disparities in the racial makeup of teacher preparation programs. By looking closely at the perspectives of six Black pre-service teachers in a predominantly White institution of higher education, their lived experiences are examined to illuminate how they negotiate becoming teachers in hegemonic spaces while battling socially imposed and self-internalized deficit conceptions of their own identities as developing teachers.
Hate Crime and Human Capital
Authors: Petach Luke , Rumbaugh Dustin
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the impact of hate crimes committed by White offenders on the educational attainment of Black individuals across United States commuting zones between 1990 and 2017. Using data on reported hate crimes from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Program and data on educational attainment from the decennial Census and American Community Survey, we show an increase in per-capita hate crime in a commuting zone has a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative impact on college completion for young Black individuals residing in that commuting zone. A 10% increase in per-capita hate crime committed by White offenders reduces the proportion of Black individuals aged 21 to 30 with four or more years of college between 0.12 and 0.23 percentage points, a 1% to 2% reduction relative to the sample mean. In contrast, hate crime committed by White offenders has no negative impact on educational attainment for White individuals. Our results are robust to adjusting for geographic heterogeneity in hate crime reporting, including systematic under-reporting of hate crimes in the Southern United States. The findings in this paper add to the growing body of evidence establishing a negative effect of racial violence on long-run economic growth.
State restrictions and gender-based violence in cross-border marriages: The case of Kyrgyz women in Türkiye
Authors: Coşkun Emel , Budaichieva Elvira
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on Kyrgyz women in cross-border marriages under Türkiye’s increasingly tight legal requirements for marriage migration. Although the main intention of the policy change was to prevent marriages contracted to gain residency permits in Türkiye, strict regulations can have an adverse effect on migrant women’s position. Based on in-depth interviews with 24 key informants including Kyrgyz women, public employees, lawyers and staff of the Kyrgyz Consulate, this paper argues that legal and social difficulties weaken women’s position in cross-border marriages and render them vulnerable to male violence. Under the strict control, migrant women embrace traditional gendered roles such as becoming religious and a “good housewife,” having children as well as limiting their social relationships. Moreover, women do not seek official support against any male violence especially during the time of obligatory marriage period of three years to be able to apply for a citizenship.
Effect of Mo on wear resistance of Stellite31 cladding layer
Authors: Lu Xinjie , Liu Zongde , Pan Chaoyang , Mao Jie
Published: February 2024

Stellite alloys are a kind of cobalt-based alloys, which have excellent properties and are widely used in numerous areas. However, the wear resistance of Stellite alloys is poor at room temperature. In this study, Stellite31 cladding layers added with 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of Mo(wt-%) were prepared by laser cladding. The grain sizes were measured by scanning electron microscope images, the distributions of Mo were analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, the physical phase compositions were analysed by X-ray diffractometer, and the wear resistance was evaluated by reciprocating friction wear tester and wet sand wear testing machine. The results showed that the grain sizes of the cladding layers decreased with the increase of Mo content, the wear loss of the cladding layers became lower and the friction coefficient decreased under the same test conditions. It was concluded that increasing the Mo content could improve the wear resistance of the Stellite31 cladding layer at room temperature.
Aortic root enlargement and replacement of the ascending aorta in type 0 aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Großmann Clara , Krasivskyi Ihor , Djordjevic Ilija , Mihaylova Mariya , Wahlers Thorsten , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

This case report aims to describe an aortic root enlargement in combination with the replacement of the ascending aorta in a patient presenting with severe aortic valve stenosis.

Case report

A 68-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis due to a type 0 bicuspid aortic valve and an aortic aneurysm underwent surgery for treatment. The annulus was preoperatively measured with 19 mm. Enlargement was performed by using a tissue patch to create a neo-noncoronary sinus and enlarge the root.

Discussion

Patients with a small aortic root face an increased risk of patient prosthesis mismatch. Enlarging the aortic root can mitigate this, but it extends cross-clamp and overall operative times. This case shows the need for carefully planned surgical interventions to optimize outcomes in complex anatomies.

Conclusions

Each step of the performed surgery is well-established, however the combination and the creation of a neo-noncoronary sinus is not described so far.
Plausible prediction of renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Berezin Alexander E , Berezina Tetiana A
Published: February 2024

This narrative review was conducted due to uncertainty in predicting the beneficial impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on a dip of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), regardless of albuminuria presence, with the aim of elucidating plausible predictors of kidney function outcome among patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in May 2023 for relevant articles published in English between 2013 and 2023. A total of 25 full-length scientific publications (comprising 11 large randomized trials and two cohort studies) were included for analysis. The majority of studies demonstrated a limited value of conventional biomarkers, such as initial decline in eGFR, a trajectory of eGFR during SGLT2 inhibitor administration, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), in prediction of renoprotection. Included studies showed that the tendency to decreased eGFR, UACR, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, serum uric acid, inflammatory biomarkers and natriuretic peptides did not predict clinical outcomes in groups without heart failure (HF) treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. In HF groups, biomarkers of inflammation, kidney injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ketogenesis, energy metabolism, and adipose tissue dysfunction (adropin and irisin), were detected with the aim of finding potential biomarkers. Biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation may be promising for predicting SGLT2 inhibitor benefit compared with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and energy metabolism indicators.
Expanding information behaviour boundaries: A study with religious leaders
Authors: Rodrigues Evandro Ribeiro , Terra Ana Lúcia
Published: February 2024

Information behaviour is a very productive research area in information science, although some study contexts are still little explored, such as religious and spiritual practices, particularly related to minority religions. Thus, this study investigated the information behaviour of religious leaders of Santo Daime, a religion originating in the Brazilian Amazon. Exploratory research with a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with four leaders of the doctrine were carried out. The most used sources of information were documents about the Daime religion, personal experience, contact with other leaders and the institution. Information was sought to guide the participants in their rituals, solve administrative problems, improve their knowledge and strengthen their faith. Used in a critical, reflective and creative way, it seeks coherence with the Daimist principles. The findings may contribute to the understanding of the information behaviour of this little-studied social group and the appreciation of cultural and religious diversity in society.
Platelet volume indices and von Willebrand factor levels in blood exposed to polymer- or heparin-coated membrane oxygenators
Authors: Tagaya Masashi , Okano Shinya , Murataka Takuo , Handa Hiroki , Ichikawa Shunsuke , Takahashi Shunsuke
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

To understand the behavior of platelet volume indices and the von Willebrand factor (VWF), in vitro experiments using whole human blood were performed with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuits, including membrane oxygenators coated with acrylate copolymer (ACP) or immobilized heparin (IHP).

Methods:

Heparinized blood was circulated through two distinct experimental circuits: an ACP-coated reservoir and tubes, as well as membranes coated with either ACP or IHP (comprising five pieces of each type). The platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), VWF quantity (VWFQ), and VWF activity (VWFA) were measured at 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 h in each experiment. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether the coating type or circulation duration affected the transition of each measurement.

Results:

Two-way ANOVA indicated that the transitions of MPV, P-LCR, and VWFA were significantly affected by the circulation duration ( p = 0.030, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively) and that the transitions of VWFQ and VWFA were significantly affected by the coating type ( p = 0.022 and 0.006, respectively). Factor interactions between the coating type and circulation duration were not observed for each transition ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that P-LCR is a good index for platelet activation in blood-circulating ECC and that VWFA and VWFQ are significantly attenuated in blood-circulating ECC with ACP-coated membranes, indicating the advantage of IHP coating regarding platelet activation.
Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography of the Undersea?
Authors: Patarin-Jossec Julie
Published: February 2024

This article relies on an ethnography of commercial divers that involves the author’s training, certification, and activity underwater to propose an ecofeminist analysis of the undersea (furthermore with the undersea). It presents how feminist environmental theory engages with the ethnographic method of immersion and how underwater fieldwork grounded in feminist theory contributes, in turn, to reflections on the role of embodiment in the production of ethnographic knowledge. This article emphasizes the role of experiencing risky situations (gender-based violence and life-threatening situations) in the research process to address the reproduction of masculinity that is part of the commercial diving training supported by the profession’s equipment and technologies. By doing so, the article unveils how participating in underwater activities as part of fieldwork raises issues for feminist ethics, especially regarding multispecies relationality. Overcoming these ethical limits and reconciling ecofeminism and ethnography in the study of underwater ecologies can, as the article concludes, rely on creative methods.
Moderating the role of trust toward intention to adopt cloud computing by academic libraries in North-Eastern Nigerian
Authors: Yakubu Aliyu Shehu , Kassim Azleena Mohd , Husin Mohd Heikal
Published: February 2024

Cloud computing has since been recognized as a robust technology that speeds and simplifies organizational service delivery. But its adoption especially in African countries and academic libraries is still at the nascent stage. This study aims to find the contributing determinants of cloud computing adoption in North-Eastern Nigerian academic libraries using Technological and Organizational variables of Technology-Organization-Environment theory(TOE) and Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI). A quantitative approach using a survey research design was employed. Seventy-eight academic libraries in North-Eastern Nigeria formed the population of the study and census enumeration is used which indicates that all the academic libraries are considered. Results revealed that five out of six determinants are significant for the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries. While moderation effect results revealed that only one determinant is moderated by the adopted moderator. This implies that the significant determinants should be given more consideration when deciding to adopt cloud computing. Equally, the study’s results will guide academic libraries’ decision-makers that include the Chief Librarian, Deputy Librarian and Head of ICT unit who are responsible for deciding on the rejection or accepting innovative technology in the library to make fruitful and realistic decisions when deciding to adopt cloud computing. Theoretically, the results will contribute to the body of knowledge especially in the librarianship field. Finally, the study recommends among others that special attention should be given to those significant determinants when deciding to adopt cloud computing in academic libraries. Future studies should employ more variables and use another factor as a moderator. Equally future studies should cover more areas beyond North-Eastern Nigeria.
A diagnostic phase III/IV seamless design to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical effectiveness using the example of HEDOS and HEDOS II
Authors: Pepić Amra , Stark Maria , Friede Tim , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Calderazzo Silvia , Reichert Maria , Wolf Michael , Wirth Ulrich , Schopf Stefan , Zapf Antonia
Published: February 2024

The development process of medical devices can be streamlined by combining different study phases. Here, for a diagnostic medical device, we present the combination of confirmation of diagnostic accuracy (phase III) and evaluation of clinical effectiveness regarding patient-relevant endpoints (phase IV) using a seamless design. This approach is used in the Thyroid HEmorrhage DetectOr Study (HEDOS & HEDOS II) investigating a post-operative hemorrhage detector named ISAR-M THYRO® in patients after thyroid surgery. Data from the phase III trial are reused as external controls in the control group of the phase IV trial. An unblinded interim analysis is planned between the two study stages which includes a recalculation of the sample size for the phase IV part after completion of the first stage of the seamless design. The study concept presented here is the first seamless design proposed in the field of diagnostic studies. Hence, the aim of this work is to emphasize the statistical methodology as well as feasibility of the proposed design in relation to the planning and implementation of the seamless design. Seamless designs can accelerate the overall trial duration and increase its efficiency in terms of sample size and recruitment. However, careful planning addressing numerous methodological and procedural challenges is necessary for successful implementation as well as agreement with regulatory bodies.
Gene editing in animals: What does the public want to know and what information do stakeholder organizations provide?
Authors: Kuo Christine , Koralesky Katherine E. , von Keyserlingk Marina A.G. , Weary Daniel M.
Published: February 2024

Organizations involved with gene editing may engage with the public to share information and address concerns about the technology. It is unclear, however, if the information shared aligns with what people want to know. We aimed to understand what members of the public want to know about gene editing in animals by soliciting their questions through an open-ended survey question and comparing them with questions posed in Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) webpages developed by gene editing stakeholder organizations. Participants (338 USA residents) asked the most questions about gene editing in general and animal welfare. In contrast, FAQ webpages focused on regulations. The questions survey participants asked demonstrate a range of knowledge and interests. The discrepancy between survey participant questions and the information provided in the FAQ webpages suggests that gene editing stakeholders might engage in more meaningful public engagement by soliciting actual questions from the public and opening up opportunities for real dialogue.
End-of-Life Preferences and Priorities of Community-Dwelling Mozambicans: An Evaluation of Measurement Tools
Authors: Heller Layne
Published: February 2024

Palliative care is expanding in Africa as the continent faces a rising disease burden. As the specialty takes form, it is important to acknowledge the cultural mores regarding health and disease. Many Africans perceive health as more than the individual's physical body, instead include the spirituality and well-being of family, community and ancestors. Much of living is done with the goal of becoming an ancestor, which is tied to the individual's burial and ceremonies. Despite their importance, conversations about death are often thought to be culturally taboo. This poses a challenge to palliative care which is based on the individual preferences and priorities, usually identified through shared decision-making. Little is known about the end-of-life priorities and preferences in Africa, leading to the research question: What are the end-of-life preferences and priorities for community dwelling adults in Mozambique? This paper examines instruments that can be used to measure end-of-life preferences.
Picking the Goodies When Sleuthing Online
Authors: Wästerfors David
Published: February 2024

Online activities can serve as tools for criminal opportunities and arenas for victimhood, but they can also function as reality constructions embedded in social control. One example of the latter is online sleuthing, primarily focused on dramatizing and disentangling offline crimes. This article relies on data from an ethnographic project conducted on the Swedish platform Flashback and analyzes posters’ interview accounts of their practices when attempting to unravel offline crimes. The author argues that posters’ ways of accounting for their sifting process within their digital community contribute to making it attractive. The posters’ situated selections and distinctions allow them to reproduce a handy and relatively tasteful interpretation of the crimes that their digital community is engaged in portraying. Online sleuths not only try to bring order to the offline crime dramas at issue but also engage in internal and reflexive social control, intended to order the ordering itself. They bridge the online–offline divide by referring to and incorporating allegedly objective offline circumstances when they set out to edit or cleanse the online debate. Offline investigations, interactions, and information gatherings are drawn upon as a resource in this sifting process.
Statistical Fragility Analysis of Open Reduction Internal Fixation vs Primary Arthrodesis to Treat Lisfranc Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahn Benjamin J. , Quinn Matthew , Zhao Leon , He Elaine W. , Dworkin Myles , Naphade Om , Byrne Rory A. , Molino Janine , Blankenhorn Brad
Published: February 2024

Background:

There is a lack of consensus in the use of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) vs primary arthrodesis (PA) in the management of Lisfranc injuries. Statistical fragility represents the number of events needed to flip statistical significance and provides context to interpret P values of outcomes from conflicting studies. The current study evaluates the statistical fragility of existing research with an outcome-specific approach to provide statistical clarity to the ORIF vs PA discussion. We hypothesized that statistical fragility analysis would offer clinically relevant insight when interpreting conflicting outcomes regarding ORIF vs PA management of Lisfranc injuries.

Methods:

All comparative studies, RCTs, and case-series investigating ORIF vs PA management of Lisfranc injuries published through October 5, 2023, were identified. Descriptive characteristics, dichotomous outcomes, and continuous outcomes were extracted. Fragility index and continuous fragility index were calculated by the number of event reversals needed to alter significance. Outcomes were categorized by clinical relevance, and median FI and CFI were reported.

Results:

A total of 244 studies were screened. Ten studies and 67 outcomes (44 dichotomous, 23 continuous) were included in the fragility analysis. Of the 10 studies, 4 studies claimed PA to correlate with superior outcomes compared to ORIF with regard to functional scores and return to function outcomes. Of these 4 studies, 3 were statistically robust. Six studies claimed PA and ORIF to have no differences in outcomes, in which only 2 studies were statistically robust.

Conclusion:

The overall research regarding ORIF vs PA is relatively robust compared with other orthopaedic areas of controversy. Although the full statistical context of each article must be considered, studies supporting PA superiority with regard to functional scores and return to function metrics were found to be statistically robust. Outcome-specific analysis revealed moderate fragility in several clinically relevant outcomes such as functional score, return to function, and wound complications.
Moving from theory to application: Evaluating the numerical implementation of void shape effects and damage delocalization in the modeling of ductile fracture in porous plastic metals
Authors: Enakoutsa Koffi , Bills Yanni L.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a robust exploration of the Gologanu–Leblond–Devaux (GLD) model, an advanced iteration of the Gurson model, designed to predict ductile fractures in porous metals. Going beyond the limits of the original Gurson model, the GLD model accounts for cavity shape effects and non-local strain localization, marking a significant leap in fracture mechanics. We also present a comprehensive exposition of the GLD model and its non-local extension, establishing their compatibility with the concept of GSMs. Notably, we emphasize the uniqueness of solutions in the numerical implementation, underlining the imperative need for a meticulously devised mixed implicit/explicit algorithm. Furthermore, we set out to validate the GLD model through rigorous comparisons of our numerical simulations with experimental data. Employing a damage delocalization approach rooted in the natural logarithm of porosity, our study provides compelling evidence of the model’s performance. This approach mitigates issues observed with the original porosity rate, preventing excessive smoothing of porosity and maintaining the fidelity of stress–strain curves. In addition, we gave a profound theoretical elucidation of this phenomenon via Fourier’s analysis of porosity rate. Through this work, we not only enhance our understanding of ductile fracture behavior but also establish a robust numerical framework for its predictive modeling. The GLD model emerges as a powerful tool for the accurate analysis and prediction of fracture phenomena in porous materials, further advancing the field of materials science and engineering.
Childhood Clinical Features Preceding the Onset of Bipolar Versus Major Depressive Disorders During Adolescence
Authors: Guidetti Clotilde , Serra Giulia , Apicella Massimo , Andracchio Elisa , Iannoni Maria Elena , Trasolini Monia , Della Santa Giorgia , Maglio Gino , Vicari Stefano
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To identify childhood psychopathological features that predict the onset of adolescent Bipolar (BD) versus Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (UD) during adolescence.

Method:

We analyzed clinical data from 495 juveniles diagnosed with DSM-5 UD ( n = 359), and BD ( n = 136), using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:

BD subjects exhibited earlier onset of any psychiatric feature compared to UD. Antecedents associated with later BD were: oppositional defiant > specific phobias > ADHD > obsessive compulsive (OCD). Antecedents selectively associated with later UD were: social anxiety and separation anxiety. Factors significantly and independently associated with later BD diagnosis were: [a] emotional dysregulation at onset of the mood disorder; [b] first depressive episode with mixed features; [c] antecedent ADHD; [d] antecedent OCD, and [e] antecedent oppositional-defiance.

Conclusion:

Identifying developmental differences in BD and UD symptoms can aid clinicians in early identification and treatment planning for bipolar disorder in youth.
Malocclusions, Sleep Bruxism, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk in Pediatric ADHD Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Alessandri-Bonetti Anna , Guglielmi Federica , Deledda Giulia , Sangalli Linda , Brogna Claudia , Gallenzi Patrizia
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Literature presents conflicting results regarding malocclusions, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and sleep bruxism in children with ADHD. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these parameters.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted on 40 consecutive ADHD children referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome. All subjects underwent an orthodontic examination and were screened for OSA and sleep bruxism. Data were compared to a sex- and aged-matched control group.

Results:

Prevalence of high risk of OSA in children with ADHD was 62.5% compared to 10% in the control group ( p < .00001). No differences were found in any of the occlusal variables examined between children with ADHD and controls ( p > .05). An increased prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in ADHD children (40%) compared to controls (7.5%) ( p < .001).

Conclusions:

A higher prevalence of OSA risk and probable sleep bruxism were observed in ADHD patients compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in malocclusions d