bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Photographic Distance on Tree Crown Attributes Calculated Using UrbanCrowns Image Analysis Software
Authors: Patterson Mason , Wiseman P. Eric , Winn Matthew , Lee Sang-mook , Araman Philip
Published: November 2021

UrbanCrowns is a software program developed by the USDA Forest Service that computes crown attributes using a side-view digital photograph and a few basic field measurements. From an operational standpoint, it is not known how well the software performs under varying photographic conditions for trees of diverse size, which could impact measurement reproducibility and therefore software utility. Researchers evaluated the robustness of crown dimension computations made with UrbanCrowns for open-grown sugar maples (Acer saccharum) across a range of sizes from recently transplanted to full maturity. It was found that computations of both crown volume and density were highly repeatable across varying photographic distances. For the majority of tree size classes, crown volume and density varied less than 5% on average over distances ranging from 1.5× to 3.0× tree height; however, crown volume errors of 5%–10% were common for larger trees (>46 cm trunk diameter). UrbanCrowns calculations of crown volume showed strong agreement with calculations derived from equations for geometric solids, both in terms of precision (R2 = 0.9783) and accuracy (B1 = 1.0033). These findings suggest that UrbanCrowns has potential as an objective, reliable method for measuring tree crown attributes that are commonly assessed during urban forest inventories.
Street Tree Inventory and Tree Risk Assessment of Selected Major Roads in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Sreetheran M. , Adnan M. , Khairil Azuar A.K.
Published: November 2021

Tree planting programs in Malaysia have progressed as planned. However, the subsequent management of the street trees, particularly at Kuala Lumpur City Hall, is not well undertaken due to inadequate information for management and maintenance purposes. There has never been a systematic tree survey conducted to inventory street trees in Kuala Lumpur. With this, a survey was conducted to collect comprehensive information on tree structure, species composition, species diversity, and tree defects and disorders. A total 2,191 street trees were surveyed.
Impact of Systemic Fungicides on Lesions Formed by Inoculation with the Bluestain Fungus (Ophiostoma minus) in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)
Authors: Doccola Joseph , Strom Brian , Brownie Cavell , Klepzig Kier
Published: November 2021

Ophiostomatoid fungi are important components within the highly damaging insect-fungal complexes attacking trees in North America. This group includes the disease agents responsible for Dutch elm disease and laurel wilt, as well as a number of associates of tree-killing bark beetles. While systemic fungicides have been applied against ophiostomatoids in certain fungus-host systems, the breadth of their utility and their management implications for a wide array of fungus and host species remain uncertain. To evaluate the impact of commercially available fungicides against the bluestaining fungus Ophiostoma minus, an associate of the southern pine beetle, researchers conducted two experiments with loblolly pines (Pinus taeda; mean dbh 14.2 and 18.5 cm, respectively) in central Louisiana, U.S. The first experiment screened three fungicides (Alamo®, Arbotect® 20-S, and PHOSPHO-jet) for their systemic impacts on O. minus, and the second further evaluated the best performing product (Alamo) alone and in combination with Arbotect 20-S. In all cases, loblolly pines were stem-injected basally and challenged with inoculations of cultured O. minus at time periods ranging from 28 days to 738 days post-treatment. In both experiments, treatment of loblolly pines with Alamo produced the smallest lesion areas, indicating that this treatment was the most effective for limiting the within-tree growth of O. minus. This effect was still present more than two years post-treatment. The study authors conclude that Alamo is the most effective product of those evaluated for prophylactic treatment against O. minus, and suggest that evidence is building for the effectiveness of this product generally against ophiostomatoid fungi.
Wasifu wa Sera Lengwa
Authors:   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Dolley Shawn , Hartman Dan ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Norman Thea ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Hudson Ian ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Published: November 2021

Wakati mwingi, lengo la mwisho la utafiti wa kliniki ni mabadiliko ya sera, lakini mara nyingi kuna pengo kati ya utafiti na pande za sera inayoweza kusababisha kupotezwa kwa fedha na wakati. Kushughulikia haya, kifaa kipya kinachojulikana kama Wasifu wa Sera Lengwa (TPoP) kinaweza kutumika kabla ya kuanza kwa utafiti ili kutambua maswali muhimu ya utafiti, kusaidia maamuzi ya sera au kutumika wakati wa uzalishaji wa ushahidi na usambazaji wake. Wasifu wa Sera Lengwa linasaidia watafiti kuchambua ushahidi uliopo katika sera husika, pengo katika ushahidi huo na asili ya ushahidi utakikanao kujaza haya mapengo. Zaidi ya hayo, inawezesha mazungumzo ya mapema na ya kuendelea baina ya watafiti na wadau. Wakiwa wamejihami na maarifa haya pamoja na mahusiano haya, watafiti wa kliniki huongeza uwezekano waa masomo husika kukidhi mahitaji ili kutengeneza sera bora kwa njia inayofaa.
Hasta Bakımında Motivasyon Bilekliği Kullanımının Etkileri
Authors: KAVADAR Hatice , YOLDAŞ Banu , GÜL Gülnur , GÖKTAŞ Aysel
Published: November 2021

Giriş: Bireylerin ihtiyaçlarını, isteklerini, dürtülerini kısacası çeşitli insan ihtiyaçlarını gidermeye yönelik bir süreç olan motivasyonun hastanelerde tedavi ve bakımın amacına ulaşılmasını sağlamada önemi büyüktür.Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı dışsal motivasyonun cerrahi sonrası dönemdeki hastaların mobilizasyon ve oral sıvı alım miktarlarına olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Araştırma prospektif, yarı deneysel tiptedir. Örneklemi toraks cerrahisi geçiren 104 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırmaya alınan hastalara, kriterlere uyan davranışlarında, bunu kanıtlayan farklı renklerde “motivasyon bilekliği” olarak tanımladığımız bileklikler takıldı. Hastalar bileklik verilmeyen kontrol grubu (n=54) ve bileklik verilerek motive edilen (n=50) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Araştırmada her iki grubun verileri karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Motive edilmeyen grubun sıvı alım ortalamasının 2,03 litre, motive edilen grubun sıvı alım ortalamasının 2,95 litre olduğu belirlendi (p < 0,001). Motive edilmeyen grubun yürüme ortalaması -bileklik sayısı esas alınarak- 1,52 iken motive edilen grubun yürüme ortalamasının 2,66 olduğu belirlendi (p < 0,001). Araştırmadaki iki grup arasında puan ortalamaları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p < 0,001).Sonuç: Hastaların dışsal motivasyonu sağlanarak tedaviye katılımının artırıldığı, cerrahi sonrası süreçte mobilizasyon ve oral sıvı alımına yönelik kanıta dayalı somut verilere ulaşıldığı görüldü.
Do acesso à evasão: o acompanhamento dos estudantes da UFG utilizando análise de sobrevivência
Authors: Rosa Chaiane de Medeiros , Milani Eder Angelo , Santos Fabiano Fortunato Teixeira dos
Published: November 2021

Este estudo é parte do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Indicadores educacionais da educação superior: o retrato da graduação e pós-graduação brasileiras”, desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Goiás, e tem como objetivo acompanhar os estudantes que ingressaram na referida universidade no ano de 2010 até o momento de sua evasão. Para isso, foi feita pesquisa documental, com base em microdados do Censo da Educação Superior disponíveis no portal do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais “Anísio Teixeira” do período de 2010 até 2017, o que resulta em um tempo de acompanhamento de oito anos. Também foram consultados documentos oficiais da UFG, como Plano de Gestão, resoluções, portarias, editais e outros. E, para subsidiar a análise dos dados, foi feita pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada principalmente em autores que discutem o tema da evasão na educação superior brasileira. Tendo em vista que o interesse do estudo é o tempo de permanência até a evasão, bem como os fatores que podem influenciar esse tempo, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Sobrevivência. Como resultado, verificou-se que os grupos de estudantes mais propensos à evasão foram: dos cursos de licenciatura, não cotistas, provenientes de escola pública, matriculados no turno matutino, que receberam apoio de assistência estudantil no primeiro ano do curso, mas que não receberam ao longo do curso, os que não usufruíram de bolsa pedagógica e os que não participaram de atividade complementar.
A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e a proteção dos direitos LGBTI: construindo um Ius Constitituonale Commune baseado na diversidade
Authors: Marino Tiago Fuchs , Carvalho Luciani Coimbra de , Nascimento João Pedro Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Os principais avanços relacionados ao reconhecimento dos direitos da população LGBTI, no âmbito do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, decorrem da evolução jurisprudencial dos organismos internacionais, considerando a ausência de disposição dos Estados para a adoção de tratados e convenções sobre a temática. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo enfrenta a seguinte problemática: como a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pode promover a efetivação dos direitos LGBTI? Por conseguinte, o objetivo geral é analisar de que forma a referida corte, que detém ampla jurisdição sobre os países da América Latina, contribui para a consolidação de um constitucionalismo regional comprometido com a igualdade, a diversidade e a proibição da discriminação baseada na orientação sexual e identidade de gênero das pessoas. A pesquisa adota o método dedutivo e é realizada de forma descritiva e exploratória, mediante revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Ao final, conclui-se que a Corte de San José vem apresentando relevantes parâmetros para a proteção daqueles indivíduos violentados apenas em razão de expressarem sexualidades ou identidades dissidentes do padrão heteronormativo social dominante, colaborando para um processo de mudança paradigmática dos padrões heterossexual e cisnormativo hegemônicos nas sociedades latino-americanas.
Trazendo as empresas para o tabuleiro: diálogos multi-ator para implementação dos standards interamericanos sobre Pandemia e Direitos Humanos
Authors: Olsen Ana Carolina Lopes , Santana Anna Luisa Walter
Published: November 2021

Diante da afetação dos direitos humanos por atividades empresariais especialmente na crise decorrente da Pandemia de COVID-19, o presente artigo visa propor maior abertura do sistema interamericano ao diálogo com as empresas privadas para a implementação dos standards em direitos humanos. Seguindo o método dedutivo e mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, parte da teoria do Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina (ICCAL) e seus conceitos chaves como o diálogo enquanto ferramenta essencial para a realização dos direitos humanos. Em seguida, explora os avanços interamericanos em matéria de empresas e direitos humanos para demonstrar que existe uma abertura, ainda tímida mas consistente, do sistema para as empresas como novos atores. Estas iniciativas reforçam a necessidade de um diálogo aberto e participativo entre todos os interessados. Ao final, propõe um diálogo multi-ator entre empresas, Estados, sociedade civil e CIDH para a implementação dos standards relacionados a pandemia. Conclui-se que a fim de implementar as Resoluções da CIDH, será fundamental a adoção estratégica de diálogos multi-ator que envolvam empresas atuantes na América Latina, comunidades afetadas e os Estados, no plano nacional, e com a CIDH no plano regional, mediante o qual se produza um efeito pedagógico para as empresas, mas também de troca informativa de boas práticas. A pesquisa avança nas conclusões já existentes sobre a compatibilidade da teoria do ICCAL com o tema de empresas e direitos humanos para ressaltar a necessidade de um verdadeiro espaço dialógico que envolva diretamente as empresas na implementação dos standards interamericanos e na realização dos direitos humanos.
Interculturalidade, plurinacionalidade e pluralismo nas constituições do Equador e da Bolívia: expoentes principiológicos do Estado Plurinacional
Authors: Santos Denise Tatiane Girardon dos
Published: November 2021

As experiências políticas descoloniais de países latino-americanos, como o Equador e a Bolívia, trouxeram inovações ao pensamento político moderno, com expoentes no constitucionalismo latino-americano e no Estado Plurinacional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste Artigo é identificar princípios do Estado Plurinacional, insculpidos nas Constituições Equatoriana e Boliviana, alicerçados nas cosmovisões do Sumak Kawsay (Equador) e Suma Qamaña (Bolívia), e enquanto elementos inéditos no campo da Teoria do Estado. A pergunta que se pretende responder é: a interculturalidade, a pluralidade e o pluralismo se apresentam como fundamentos principiológicos do Estado Plurinacional, e avançam na evolução constitucional desde a América Latina? Como hipótese, as experiências políticas latino-americanas descoloniais conduziram à refundação do Estado, ressignificado pela perspectiva plurinacional, em que inéditas visões, lexos e, por decorrência, princípios, lastreiam seu Documento fundante, que é a Constituição. Teoricamente, as Constituições dos Estados Plurinacionais asseveram o enfrentamento das características estatais, até então, modernas, eurocêntricas e uniformes. As inovações principiológicas, que caracterizam a teoria do Estado Plurinacional, refletem o repensar do Estado desde o Sul e a partir de formas de vida e organizações próprias, que permeiam, transversalmente, as Constituições. A estratégia da pesquisa é explicativa e propositiva; a natureza da abordagem é qualitativa e o método utilizado foi o dedutivo.
Direitos Humanos em tempos de emergência: uma perspectiva interamericana com especial foco na defesa do Estado de Direito
Authors: Binder Christine
Published: November 2021

Em tempos de emergência, os Estados podem ser obrigados a tomar medidas extraordinárias para lidar com a situação. Ao mesmo tempo, o emprego desses poderes estatais de emergência coloca em risco a integridade dos direitos humanos, a higidez das garantias do Estado de Direito e pode dar margem a abusos. É imprescindível, portanto, buscar um equilíbrio. Os instrumentos internacionais de direitos humanos procuram encontrar tal equilíbrio entre o espaço obrigatoriamente ampliado de atuação dos Estados e a necessária limitação dos poderes emergenciais por meio de suas respectivas previsões de derrogação. O presente trabalho defende que o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e, mas especificamente, a interpretação conferida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) ao artigo 27 da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, constitui um bom exemplo de como esse equilíbrio pode ser atingido. O reconhecimento da inderrogabilidade das garantias judiciais pela Corte parece ser importante para a manutenção de direitos humanos básicos e das garantias do Estado de Direito, tanto de forma geral quanto em tempos de emergência, o que a coloca como um importante ator do ICCAL também em situações anômalas. Daí porque o Sistema Interamericano e sua vasta experiência com regimes de emergência podem servir como modelo e inspirar o sistema europeu.
Ultrasound detected synovitis, tenosynovitis and erosions in hand and wrist joints: a comparative study between rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed , Tharwat Samar , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , E Eltoraby Ehab
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been introduced as a valuable simple imaging tool for arthritis. The objective was to assess the role of ultrasound (US) in the differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at the wrist and hand joints and tendons.

Material and methods

Thirty-five patients (20 RA and 15 PsA) with symptomatic involvement of at least one of the hand and/or wrist joints for > 6 weeks were included. Bilateral wrists (distal radioulnar, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints), hands (1st–5th metacarpophalangeal [MCP], 2nd–5th proximal interphalangeal [PIP] and 1st–5th distal interphalangeal [DIP] joints), flexor tendons and extensor compartments at the level of the wrist joint were examined sonographically. Synovial hypertrophy, joint effusion, erosions and tenosynovitis were diagnosed according to Outcome Measures in Rheumatology definitions. The findings were correlated with clinical, laboratory and disease activity indices.

Results

Among 680 and 510 joints examined in RA and PsA respectively, certain US features such as synovitis and erosions at the DIP were exclusively detected in PsA (p < 0.001). Synovitis was frequently detected at the distal radioulnar joints (DRUJ) in RA in comparison to PsA patients (52.5% vs. 26.7% respectively, p = 0.029). Joint effusion was more frequently detected at radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in RA compared to PsA (p = 0.047, 0.039 respectively), whereas erosions were significantly more frequently detected at radiocarpal joints in RA versus PsA patients (45% vs. 20% respectively, p = 0.029). Tenosynovitis was significantly more frequently detected at the extensor tendons in RA and at the flexor tendons in PsA patients (p = 0.021, 0.022 respectively).

Conclusions

There are significant differences in the musculoskeletal US findings of the hand and wrist that joints help to distinguish between RA and PsA.
Feasibility and usefulness of a fast-track clinic for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica: notes for a work schedule through a narrative review of published literature
Authors: Hysa Elvis , Ghorbannia Ali , Emamifar Amir , Milchert Marcin , Manzo Ciro
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Fast-track clinics (FTC) have been introduced in different fields and have been reporting significant outcomes in terms of reducing mortality, morbidity, and financial costs. To date, scarce evidence is available for FTC specific for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The primary aim of our paper is to provide an overview of the clinical impact of PMR on patients and the healthcare system by analysing multiple aspects: the median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and the burden of the disease both on the healthcare system costs and on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Secondarily, based on these data, we aim to discuss the potential advantages and feasibility of a PMR FTC in everyday clinical practice.

Material and methods

We performed a narrative non-systematic review (PRISMA protocol not followed) of PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) with the following MeSH terms: [polymyalgia rheumatica AND diagnosis OR diagnosis, delayed OR patient care OR early diagnosis OR length of stay OR costs OR healthcare system OR quality of life] or [polymyalgia rheumatica AND glucocorticoids AND side effects]. We decided to exclude every paper that did not report raw data in terms of diagnostic time or delay, hospitalization rate, socio-economic costs on the healthcare system, patients’ QoL, and glucocorticoids-related events in PMR patients. Papers focused primarily on giant cell arteritis patients with overlapping PMR were also excluded. Abstract archives of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) congresses of the last 10 years were screened and included in the search if raw data were available. Each paper’s reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study’s aims. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we opted to use the most recently published data.

Results

According to our literature review, a PMR FTC might lighten the burden of the disease. Nevertheless, its feasibility depends mostly on the resources of the national health system and of the territorial health district, which are heterogeneously limited. The usefulness of PMR FTCs depends on closer collaboration with the general practitioner because he/she is the first clinician to visit patients with PMR.

Conclusions

Polymyalgia rheumatica fast-track clinics might lighten the burden of the disease. However, it has some limits that should carefully assessed in planning health policies.
Injectable therapies for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: B. Ding Jack , Hu Kevin
Published: November 2021

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis that mainly affects older adults. Over time, osteoarthritis can result in significant and sustained discomfort, pain, and disability. Current treatment focuses on the alleviation of pain and functional impairment. While arthroplasty is the definitive management option, it subjects patients to surgical complications, and the possibility of surgical revisions. In addition, many patients are not surgical candidates. Instead, pharmacological therapy is recommended first-line for most patients. On top of pharmacological therapy, there are a range of non-operative procedural options available. However, leading professional guidelines vary in their recommendations for these agents.

Therefore, we present a review of recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on injectable corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cell injections, and ozone therapy. The preliminary data reveal the strongest evidence in favour of corticosteroid injections, although there are promising findings regarding the long-term efficacy of HA and PRP.
Asesmen Psikologis Korban Bencana Banjir Bandang Aceh Tengah
Authors: Amalia Ika , Suzanna Ella , Dewi Rahmia
Published: November 2021

Banjir bandang merupakan banjir yang bersifat cepat dan umumnya membawa material tanah berupa lumpur, batu, dan kayu. Akibat dari kecepatan aliran banjir yang disertai dengan material tersebut, maka banjir bandang ini sifatnya sangat merusak dan menimbulkan korban jiwa. Bencana banjir bandang yang terjadi di Kampung Paya Tumpi Baru, dan beberapa kampung lainnya di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Propinsi Aceh, merupakan bencana banjir bandang yang cukup besar dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap masyarakat. Bencana tidak hanya menimbulkan ketakutan tetapi juga mengakibatkan depresi. Kurangnya informasi mengenai dampak psikologis yang ditimbulkan dari bencana banjir bandang pada masyarakat di Aceh Tengah dan belum adanya program yang memetakan kebutuhan psikososial pada korban bencana banjir bandang Aceh Tengah menjadi alasan untuk melakukan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah Untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai dampak psikologis yang ditimbulkan dari bencana banjir bandang pada masyarakat Aceh Tengah, dan untuk memetakan kebutuhan psikososial pada korban bencana banjir bandang Aceh Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu menggunakan wawancara dan observasi kepada korban yang terkena dampak bencana banjir di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah.
Adopting Meritocracy among the Youth for International Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Murage Margaret
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research was to highlight how meritocracy can be adopted to tap youth as a resource for development in Developing countries. This meritocratic perspective is based on the premise that one's talents are primarily derived from their inherent qualities (e.g., personality and general intelligence). As a result, a meritocratic environment is described as one that recognizes an individual's abilities and provides them with the environment and, opportunities they need to excel in their endeavors. This qualitative analysis is an integrative literature review based on the desk study of secondary data. The findings show that meritocracy is achieved through, talent-based careers, educational opportunities tailored to natural aptitude, and achievement as the foundation for social reward system in the society. The practice of meritocracy may be harnessed to build up an effective work culture and promote economic growth with social development. Nevertheless, what we can conclude from this study is that non-meritocratic culture currently practiced in Developing countries, especially neopatrimonialism, is considered to play an important role in hindering youth access to opportunities. Therefore, meritocracy is a strategy that policy makers should consider adopting if they want to succeed at jumpstarting economic development based on a capitalist market model.
Environment-Conflict Nexus: The Relevance of Thomas Homer-Dixons Environmental Conflict Theory in Africa
Authors: Brilliant Masara Wiriranai
Published: November 2021

Using practical examples, the paper examines the relevance of Thomas Homer-Dixons Environmental Conflict Theory within an African context. It outlines that Homer-Dixon’s Environmental Conflict Theory is to some extent valid, but it suffers significant shortfalls that make its applicability and generalizability questionable. The paper has shown that the abundance of resources in Africa contributes more to violent conflicts than their scarcity. Resources in Africa are vast, and so are environmental conflicts. The paper underscores factors that aggravate environmental conflicts such as depletion, degradation, social cleavages, population growth and environmental scarcity and recommend solutions on how they can be redressed.
Quantification of lightning-produced NOx over the Pyrenees and the Ebro Valley by using different TROPOMI-NO2 and cloud research products
Authors: Pérez-Invernón Francisco Javier , Huntrieser Heidi , Erbertseder Thilo , Loyola Diego , Valks Pieter , Liu Song , Allen Dale J. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Bucsela Eric J. , Jöckel Patrick , van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk , Soler Sergio , Gordillo-Vázquez Francisco J. , Lapierre Jeff
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Lightning is one of the major sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere, contributing to the tropospheric concentration of ozone and to the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere. Lightning produces between 2–8 Tg N per year globally and on average about 250 ± 150 mol NOx per flash. In this work, we estimate the moles of NOx produced per flash (LNOx production efficiency) in the Pyrenees (Spain, France and Andorra) and in the Ebro Valley (Spain) by using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and cloud properties from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and lightning data from the Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN) and from the EUropean Co-operation for LIghtning Detection (EUCLID). The Pyrenees is one of the areas in Europe with the highest lightning frequency and, due to its remoteness as well as experiencing very low NOx background, enables us to better distinguish the LNOx signal produced by recent lightning in TROPOMI NO2 measurements. We compare the LNOx production efficiency estimates for 8 convective systems in 2018 using two different sets of TROPOMI research products, provided by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), respectively. According to our results, the mean LNOx production efficiency in the Pyrenees and in the Ebro Valley, using a three-hour chemical lifetime, ranges between 14 and 103 mol NOx per flash from the 8 systems. The mean LNOx production efficiency estimates obtained using both TROPOMI products and ENGLN lightning data differ by ∼23 %, while it differs by ∼35 % when using EUCLID lightning data. The main sources of uncertainty when using ENGLN lightning data are the estimation of background NOx that is not produced by lightning and the time window before the TROPOMI overpass that is used to count the total number of lightning flashes contributing to fresh-produced LNOx. The main source of uncertainty when using EUCLID lightning data is the uncertainty in the detection efficiency of EUCLID.
Distribution of coastal high water level during extreme events around the UK and Irish coasts
Authors: Rulent Julia , Bricheno Lucy M. , Green J. A. Mattias , Haigh Ivan D. , Lewis Huw
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The interaction between waves, surges, and astronomical tides can lead to high coastal total water level (TWL), which can in turn trigger coastal flooding. Here, a high-resolution (1.5 km) simulation from a UK-focused regional coupled environmental prediction system is used to investigate the extreme events of winter 2013/4 around the UK and Irish coasts. The aim is to analyse the spatial distribution of coastal TWL and its components during this period by assessing (1) the relative contribution of different TWL components around the coast; (2) how extreme waves, surges, and tide interacted and if they occurred simultaneously; and (3) if this has implications in defining the severity of coastal hazard conditions. The TWL components' coastal distribution in winter 2013/4 was not constant in space, impacting differently over different regions. High (>90th percentile) waves and high surges occurred simultaneously at any tidal stage, including high tide (7.7 % of cases), but more often over the flood tide. During periods of high flood risk, a hazard proxy, defined as the sum of the sea surface height and half the significant wave height, at least doubled from average over three-quarters of the coast. These results have important implications for the risk management sector.
Background stratification impacts on internal tide generation and abyssal propagation in the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Barbot Simon , Lyard Florent , Tchilibou Michel , Carrere Loren
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The forthcoming SWOT altimetric missions aim to resolve the mesoscale with an unprecedented spatial resolution and swath. However, high-frequency processes, such as tides, are undersampled in time and aliased onto lower frequencies, so they need to be corrected properly. Unlike barotropic tides, internal tides (ITs) are not completely stationary and have significant temporal variability due to their interactions with the ocean circulation and the stratification variability. Stratification changes impact both the generation and the propagation of ITs. The present study proposes a methodology to quantify the impacts of background stratification using a clustering method for the classification of a broad range of stratification and idealized modeling of ITs in the frequency domain. The methodology is successfully tested in the western equatorial Atlantic and in the Bay of Biscay. For the western equatorial Atlantic, a single pycnocline is observed and only the two first vertical modes of ITs have significant amplitudes. With no variation in the stratification intensity, the variation in the depth of this single pycnocline linearly impacts the elevation amplitude, energy fluxes and surface wavelength of the two modes. In the Bay of Biscay, there is a permanent deep pycnocline and secondary seasonal pycnoclines near the surface. No proxy have been found to describe the changes in ITs, so a seasonal climatology is explored. The seasonality of the stratification strongly affects the elevation amplitudes as well as the energy fluxes of modes 1, 2 and 3. The distribution of the modes vary with the background stratification, changing the horizontal scales of the ITs.
Brief communication: A ~50 Mm3 ice-rock avalanche on 22 March 2021 in the Sedongpu valley, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Chuanxi , Yang Wei , Westoby Matthew , An Baosheng , Wu Guangjian , Wang Weicai , Wang Zhongyan , Wang Yongjie , Dunning Stuart
Published: November 2021

Abstract. On 22 March 2021, a ~50 M m3  ice-rock avalanche occurred from 6500 m asl in the Sedongpu basin, southeastern Tibet. The avalanche transformed into a highly mobile flow which temporarily blocked the Yarlung Tsangpo river. The avalanche flow lasted ~5 minutes and produced substantial geomorphological reworking. This event, and previous ones from the basin, occurred concurrently with, or shortly after recorded positive air temperature anomalies. The occurrence of future large mass flows from the basin cannot be ruled out, and their impacts must be carefully considered given implications for sustainable hydropower and associated socioeconomic development in the region.
INVESTIGATION OF RADAR AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THUNDERCLOUDS SEEDED WITH A GLACIOGENIC REAGENT IN KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors:   Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, SIN'KEVICH A.A. , BOE B. ,   Weather Modification Inc, USA, PAWAR S. ,   Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, India, MIKHAILOVSKII YU. P. ,   Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, KUROV A.B. ,   Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, GOPALAKRISHNAN V. ,   Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, India
Published: November 2021

Characteristics of developing convective clouds (Cu) in Karnataka state (India) during the thunderstorm formation are analyzed using weather radar and lightning detection network data. It is noted that radar characteristics of Cu which produced lightning, exceed those where lightning does not form. The study has shown that the number of negative cloud-to-ground strokes exceeds the number of positive ones by an order of magnitude. The radar characteristics of clouds in India and the North Caucasus are compared. Significant differences in lightning flash rates over the mentioned regions are registered. A low correlation is found between the supercooled volume and the flash rate of negative lightning. The paper also presents the results of studying the dynamic characteristics of four Cu seeded with a glaciogenic reagent. The thunderstorm risk is estimated for the clouds. It is shown that the seeding increases a probability of lightning events.
VARIATIONS IN THE KARA SEA LEVEL, THEIR STERIC FACTORS, AND SOLAR RADIATION DURING 1993-2018
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, KHOLOPTSEV A.V. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Sevastopol Branch, PODPORIN S.A. ,   Sevastopol State University, SAFONOV V.A. ,   Sevastopol State University,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Sevastopol Branch
Published: November 2021

The GLORYS12v.1 and ERA5 reanalyses for different months are used to study a relationship between long-term variations in the monthly mean values of sea level in different areas of the Kara Sea and their steric factors during 1993-2018. The areas of the sea were identified where the relationships between these changes and variations in the mean temperature and salinity of the upper quasihomogeneous water layer, as well as the variations in the monthly mean intensity of their insolation, are statistically significant.
ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF WATER BODIES USING INTEGRAL HYDROBIOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS
Authors:   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, POTYUTKO O.M.
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the features of the joint use of hydrobiological and hydrochemical indicators to characterize the ecological state of water bodies. The comparison of effectiveness of the joint assessment of the state of aquatic ecosystems based on hydrobiological and hydrochemical indicators is carried out. In some cases, a discrepancy between the integral assessment characteristics was revealed. It is due to the fact that the comparison of data of the Roshydromet hydrochemical and hydrobiological monitoring is carried out at the same site not taking into account hydrological features of water bodies.
Nuevos registros de flora briofitica para la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) en el valle aluvial del río Paraná medio
Authors: Alvarez Denise Jacqueline , Villalba Andrea Beatriz
Published: November 2021

Las Briófitas conforman el segundo grupo de plantas terrestres más abundantes en la Tierra y se encuentran colonizando un amplio rango de ambientes. En la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), el conocimiento de su riqueza es escaso, con sólo tres especies registradas hasta 2019. El objetivo fue identificar la flora briofítica de la Reserva Costanera Este o Reserva de la Ciudad Universitaria (RECU, Santa Fe ciudad), cuya flora vascular, combinación del Dominio Amazónico y Chaqueño, es representativa del valle de inundación del río Paraná en su tramo medio. Las colectas fueron realizadas de forma mensual, entre octubre de 2017 y junio de 2018. Se tomaron muestras de briófitas epífitas sobre especies leñosas nativas, sin dañar la estructura interna ni aquella que se adhiere al sustrato de los especímenes. Se identificaron 14 especies correspondientes a 12 géneros y 9 familias. Todas las especies que se describen en este trabajo son nuevos registros para la provincia de Santa Fe. Las mismas se encontraron exclusivamente en corteza de Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler & Ebinger (aromito) y Erythrina crista-galli L. (ceibo).
Perspectivas sobre protocolos de biossegurança para a realização de aulas práticas em laboratórios
Authors: Coutinho Rodrigues Felipe , Ribeiro Athie Geovanna , Rodrigues da Cunha Izadora , Rodrigues Cavalcante Dhara , Ferreira Costa Flávia , De Andrade Bandeira Felipe , Costa de Almeida Silva Marcela , Rocha Parise Michelle
Published: November 2021

O cenário pandêmico causado pelo coronavírus SARS-COV-2, levou instituições do mundo todo a fecharem as portas e encerrarem as atividades presenciais, com o intuito de diminuir a disseminação do novo coronavírus e assim conter os avanços da pandemia. O Brasil, sendo um dos países mais afetados por essa nova emergência global, seguiu a linha adotada por outros países e suspendeu as atividades presenciais das instituições de ensino por tempo indeterminado. Para tentar minimizar o prejuízo da suspensão dos calendários e dar continuidade às atividades de ensino, foi implantada uma modalidade alternativa de educação, com foco na educação remota a partir do uso de plataformas e ferramentas digitais. No entanto, quando falamos em atividades práticas, intrínsecas à formação médica, o seguimento das atividades educacionais via ensino remoto emergencial é insuficiente para suprir as demandas do futuro profissional de saúde, impactando adversamente na formação desses. Sendo assim, esse artigo aborda a problemática colocada no âmbito da graduação médica na Universidade Federal de Jataí e propõe protocolos de biossegurança – no que tange as medidas de proteção individual, a utilização dos espaços das universidades e a organização para a realização das atividades práticas em laboratórios – que podem ser implementados nos planejamentos de retorno as atividades presenciais nas Instituições de Ensino Superior, a fim de garantir a segurança da comunidade acadêmica e a excelência educacional.
Supply chain management, supply chain flexibility and firm performance: an empirical investigation of agriculture companies in Indonesia
Authors: Sufyati Itang, H.S. , Suganda Asep Dadan , Shafenti Shafenti , Fahlevi Mochammad
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to better understand the impact of supply chain management (SCM) and flexibility on firm performance, as well as the role of competitive advantage in mediating the model in Indonesian agriculture companies. Companies must apply supply chain management and supply chain flexibility (SCF) to boost industrial competitiveness, which impacts firm performance. To ensure that supply chain management supports the company's strategy, companies must evaluate supply chain concerns. From the literature search, researchers have not found any published studies or articles on SCM and SCF in their influence on firm performance through competitive advantage, specifically for corn companies in Indonesia. The population in this study includes agriculture companies in Indonesia. Sampling was carried out using probability sampling technique, the total population of 200 obtained a sample size of 133.333 which can be rounded up to 134 research samples. The inferential statistical method used in the data analysis of this study was the Partial Least Square Version 3 program. The study found that SCM influenced firm performance and SCF had a direct influence on firm performance. However, competitive advantage variable failed in being a mediator in SCM and SCF on firm performance.
Design, building and validating a measuring scale for the supply chain management practices of industrial organizations by assessing their efficiency on SCM measures
Authors: El-Garaihy Wael Hassan , Badawi Usama A. , Seddik Walid A. S. , Torky M. Sh.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to design, build and validate a scale for the measurement of Saudi industrial Organizations' SC Management Practices (SCMP), and also to evaluate its efficiency at various SCM measurements. The analysis identified 20 constructs of (SCMPs) based on a comprehensive literature review; namely Strategic Partnership of Suppliers (SPS), Customer Relationship (CR), Information Sharing (IS), Information Quality (IQ), Postponement (PST), Agreed Vision and Goals (AVG), Sharing of Risks and Rewards (SRR), Lean Manufacturing (LM), Total Quality Management (TQM), Organizational Culture (OC), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Benchmarking and Performance Measurement (BPM), Agile Manufacturing (AM), Outsourcing (OUT), Just In Time Manufacturing (JIT), Green SC Management (GSCM), Reverse Logistics (RL), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and SC Integration (SCI), and four SCM performance structures in particular namely; Flexibility Perspective (FLP), Efficiency Perspective (EFP), Customer’s Perspective (CSP), Product Innovation Perspective (PIP). A survey tool based on the existing literature was developed and relevant data were collected from 351 Industrial Saudi organizations on this tool. In the data analysis the validation of the instrument is mainly carried out with confirmatory factor analysis in terms of unidimensionality, durability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity, and the associated validity criteria. A parsimonious instrument that makes an important contribution to the SCM literature is generated by the results of this research. The instrument will allow an enterprise to incorporate various SCMPs, to keep track of the implementation status, and then to evaluate SCM performance to the SCM dimensions.
A supply chain resilience model for business continuity: The way forward for highly regulated industries
Authors: Aigbogun Osaro , Xing Meng , Fawehinmi Olawole , Ibeabuchi Chukwuebuka , Ehido Amauche , Ahmad Rohana Binti , Abdullahi Mohammed Sani
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak is a black swan event that has uncovered the delicateness of global supply chains and business architecture. Underpinned by the agency theory and institutional theory, a proposition for business continuity in the highly regulated pharma industry is presented in this paper. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out on a sample of 102 pharma supply chain executives in Malaysia. The primary data were gathered by administering a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The result reveals that supply chain orientation directly influences supply chain resilience. Also, introducing collaborative regulation as a mediator in this relationship shows partial mediation. The notion of collaborative regulation as a behavioral governance mechanism is relatively new, thus, presenting interesting opportunities for further exploration of the subject matter.
The role of e-marketing and e-CRM on e-loyalty of Indonesian companies during Covid pandemic and digital era
Authors: Haudi Haudi , Rahadjeng Erna Retno , Santamoko Ruby , Putra Riyan Sisiawan , Purwoko Dwi , Nurjannah Dewi , Koho Intan Rachmina , Wijoyo Hadion , Siagian Ade Onny , Cahyono Yoyok , Purwanto Agus
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of e-Marketing, e-CRM and e-Marketing on e-Loyalty and company performance. The study is quantitative with a questionnaire approach. Data processing tools use the SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. The primary data collection method was by distributing online questionnaires through online surveys to 286 managers of non-e-commerce companies during covid pandemic and digital era. The regression test results show the e-Marketing has a significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has significant effect on Company Performance, e-Marketing has no significant effect on e-Loyalty, e-CRM has no significant effect on e-Loyalty), e-Loyalty has no significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has no significant effect on business sustainability through e-Loyalty. Finally, e-Marketing has no significant effect on Company Performance through e-Loyalty. That means e-marketing and e-CRM have a relationship and influence on e-loyalty both individually and simultaneously.
The mediation role of supply chain agility on supply chain orientation-supply chain performance link
Authors: Mukhsin Moh. , Taufik HER , Ridwan Asep , Suryanto Tulus
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze the supply chain performance mediation on the relationship between supplier flexibility, supply agility, and company performance. The population in this study were 100 broilers in the districts / cities in Banten Province. The data to be used in this study are primary data, through sending questionnaires. Development of theoretical models with five hypotheses processed in the analysis using SmartPLS Software version 3.0.m3. The results showed that supplier flexibility and supply agility have a positive and significant effect on company performance, supplier flexibility and supply agility have a positive and significant effect on supply chain performance and supply chain performance has a positive and significant effect as an intervening variable to the company performance. Supply chain mediation has an important role in integrating production processes from upstream to downstream, including establishing good relations between businesses involved in supply chain management to improve the company's performance.
Exploring market orientation, product innovation and competitive advantage to enhance the performance of SMEs under uncertain evens
Authors: Fatonah Siti , Haryanto Aris Tri
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to build an empirical research model and prove the influence of market orientation on product innovation and competitive advantage. The study also proves the intervening role of product innovation and competitive advantage on increasing market performance. In addition, market uncertainty is also tested in moderation in strengthening the relationship between product innovation and competitive advantage in market performance. The study tests 178 samples of Batik SME players in Surakarta. A purposive sampling was used as this research’s sampling method. The result of this study proves empirically that market orientation positively, significantly influences product innovation and competitive advantage. The test of mediation role between product innovation and competitive advantage in market performance also shows positive and significant results. The result of the test on moderation role between Market uncertainty in the relationship between product innovation and competitive advantage on market performance also shows positive and significant influence on market performance.