bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counting Possibilia
Authors: Tomasetta Alfredo
Published: February 2023

Timothy Williamson supports the thesis that every possible entity necessarily exists and so he needs to explain how a possible son of Wittgenstein's, for example, exists in our world:he exists as a merely possible object (MPO), a pure locus of potential. Williamson presents a short argument for the existence of MPOs: how many knives can be made by fitting together two blades and two handles? Four: at the most two are concrete objects, the others being merely possible knives and merely possible objects. This paper defends the idea that one can avoid reference and ontological commitment to MPOs. My proposal is that MPOs can be dispensed with by using the notion of rules of knife-making. I first present a solution according to which we count lists of instructions - selected by the rules - describing physical combinations between components. This account, however, has its own difficulties and I eventually suggest that one can find a way out by admitting possible worlds, entities which are more commonly accepted - at least by philosophers - than MPOs. I maintain that, in answering Williamson's questions, we count classes of physically possible worlds in which the same instance of a general rule is applied.
Is There a Specific Experience of Thinking?
Authors: Jorba Marta
Published: February 2023

In this paper I discuss whether there is a specific experience of thinking or not. I address this question by analysing if it is possible to reduce the phenomenal character of thinking to the phenomenal character of sensory experiences. My purpose is to defend that there is a specific phenomenality for at least some thinking mental states. I present Husserl's theory of intentionality in the Logical Investigations as a way to defend this claim and I consider its assumptions. Then I present the case of understanding as a paradigmatic case for the phenomenal contrast argument and I defend it against two objections.
Causation, Unification, and the Adequacy of Explanations of Facts
Authors: Weber Erik , Van Bouwel Jeroen
Published: February 2023

Pluralism with respect to the structure of explanations of facts is not uncommon. The pluralism which Salmon and others have defended is compatible with several positions about the exact re-lation between these two types of explanations. We distinguish four such positions, and argue in favour of one of them. We also compare our results with the views of some authors who have recently written on this subject.
Estado de la cuestión: Filosofía de la tecnología (Philosophy of Technology: State of the Art)
Authors: Vega Encabo Jesús
Published: February 2023

Este artículo revisa contribuciones recientes a la filosofía de la tecnología tomando como punto de partida una reflexión sobre la naturaleza de los artefactos, su conocimiento y las condiciones normativas vinculadas a su producción y uso. Se discute, en primer lugar, en torno al realismo/anti-realismo respecto a las clases artificiales según la teoría funcional y la teoría histórico-intencional de los artefactos. En segundo lugar, se abordan cuestiones relativas a las peculiaridades del conocimiento funcional y el privilegio epistémico del conocimiento que los hacedores tienen de sus productos. Por último, se retoma el tradicional debate sobre los artefactos como portadores de valor y sobre la dimensión normativa de la técnica. (In this paper, I review recent contributions to the philosophical reflection on technology. I take as starting point discussions on the ontological nature of artifacts and then discuss questions regarding how we get to know about them and the normative dimensions involved in the making and use of artifacts)
Explanation and Randomness
Authors: Rolleri José Luis
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to elaborate a notion of explanation which is applicable to stochastic processes such as quantum processes. The model-theoretic approach was adopted in order to delimit appropriate classes, by defining set-theoretical predicates, of different kinds of physical transformations that quantum systems suffer, either of transitions or of transmutations, by interaction or in a spontaneous manner. To explain a singular quantum process consists in showing that it is feasible to model it as an indeterministic process of certain specified kind.
Questioning the causal inheritance principle
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar Allan
Published: February 2023

Mental causation, though a forceful intuition embedded in our commonsense psychology, is difficult to square with the rest of commitments of physicalism about the mind. Advocates of mental causation have found solace in the causal inheritance principle, according to which the mental properties of mental states share the causal powers of their physical counterparts. In this paper, I present a variety of counterarguments to causal inheritance and conclude that the requirements for causal inheritance are stricter than what standing versions of said principle imply. In line with this, physicalism may be destined to epiphenomenalism unless multiple realizability turns out false.
Syntax of multiple questions in Tundra Nenets
Authors: Mus Nikolett
Published: February 2023

The paper discusses the relative order and syntactic position of
wh-phrases in Tundra Nenets multiple wh-questions. Contrary to previous
proposals, it will be argued that the wh-phrases in multiple wh-questions
are rigidly ordered and their order is constrained by the Specificity
Filter. Evidence on the application of the Specificity Filter comes from the
ungrammaticality of certain relative orders, i.e. *how-any wh-phrase, and
the answers that are given to the multiple wh-questions, i.e. the answer
does not specify values for the first wh-phrase but it pairs X and Y in both
cases. Thus, the first wh-phrase in the construction is interpreted as a
distributive universal quantifier. This is supported by the fact that the
first wh-phrase can trigger object agreement on verbs (that is otherwise not
possible in the case of wh-objects). Additionally, the wh-sequence can be
preceded by elements that normally cause Intervention effects in single
wh-questions, but a focussed expression cannot precede them. So in Tundra
Nenets multiple wh-questions at least the first wh-phrase undergoes movement
and it supposedly appears in the topic position.
Cognate maximization versus cognate minimization
Authors: Starostin George
Published: February 2023

The paper presents a brief evaluation of the current state of affairs in
the field of comparative Altaic linguistics, claiming that the relative lack
of progress over the past 15 years is largely due to the conflicting
opposing strategies of "cognate maximization" and "cognate minimization",
respectively adopted by proponents and opponents of the hypothesis, neither
of which is capable to adequately address the complexity of the issue. It is
suggested that, in order to advance the Altaic hypothesis further, a "golden
middle strategy" has to be worked out, and that one of the steps towards it
could consist in embracing the methodology of onomasiological
reconstruction, which, in addition to regularity of phonetic
correspondences, places much more emphasis on the semantic and
distributional properties of potential cognates and regards the etymological
corpus as a systematic network rather than a collection of random individual
comparanda. Although all the problematic issues and proposed solutions are
discussed with examples from comparative Altaic data, they are equally
relevant to most other hypotheses of long-distance relationship.
Yukaghir-Uralic comparison: kinship and social terminology
Authors: Blažek Václav
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes 25 Yukaghir lexemes designating various kinship
and social terms or relations, with their hypothetical cognates in the
Uralic languages. Besides 6 terms, which can represent the ‘nursery’
lexicon, i.e. the ‘elementary’ relationships, the remaining 19 items are
appellatives, whose semantic dispersions between Yukaghir and Uralic are
fully acceptable on the one hand, but on the other hand, they more or less
exclude simple adoption from one language entity into another.
Análise de vigas sobre base elástica via métodos variacionais
Authors: Ibiapino Raquel Priscila , Sousa Anderson Kerlly Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

O estudo de vigas é um dos principais problemas investigados na Engenharia Civil, sendo estas estruturas regidas por equações diferenciais. Este artigo busca identificar soluções numéricas da equação de equilíbrio de vigas sobre base elástica, utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos e aplicando os métodos variacionais, a saber, Colocação, Sub-regiões e Método dos Mínimos Quadrados, visando comparar os resultados obtidos através de experimentações numéricas e a solução analítica, para identificar o método variacional que fornece a melhor solução aproximada, condizente com a solução analítica. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem descritiva e realização de simulações numéricas utilizando a linguagem de programação, Phyton. Comparamos as soluções do problema modelo para dois casos diferentes, utilizando os métodos citados anteriormente, constatando que no 1° caso, os Métodos das Sub-regiões e Colocação fornecem a melhor aproximação para os deslocamentos verticais, com uma função base polinomial, enquanto no 2° caso a função trigonométrica fornece uma melhor aproximação, apresentando variações significativas em relação ao 1° caso, devido às mudanças nos parâmetros, coeficiente de mola (K), módulo de elasticidade longitudinal (E) e inércia da seção transversal (I).
Parameter N Influence on the Fixed-Talbot Algorithm for the Laplace Transform Numerical Inversion
Authors: Libardi Calixto George Ricardo , Freitas Elisandra Konflanz , Ferreira Juciara Alves , Rodriguez Bárbara Denicol do Amaral , Prolo Filho João Francisco
Published: February 2023

In this paper, Fixed-Talbot method computational aspects are explored for Laplace Transform numerical inversion and its efficiency in the treatment of a set of elementary functions of an exponential, oscillatory and logarithmic nature, based on the influence investigation of free parameter N. The numerical results are compared to the analytical solution while calculating the absolute error. The best value for N was determined in each studied function class, where the method presents satisfactory results. It was observed that increasing the number of terms in the summation for approximation (beyond the optimal value) doesn’t imply obtaining more refined results. In general, based on the data obtained, it was concluded that Fixed-Talbot method is efficient for the inversion of all classes of elementary functions evaluated in this article.
Análise por CFD do Escoamento no Impelidor de uma Turbobomba
Authors: Fonseca Henrique Massard da , Silva Rhuan Dornas da
Published: February 2023

Bombas centrífugas são amplamente utilizadas nos mais diversos setores, como industrial, agrícola, residencial, dentre outros. Em algumas aplicações, esses dispositivos são usados continuamente, resultando em uma parcela significativa do consumo energético. Portanto, melhorar a eficiência desses dispositivos é de grande benefício para a redução de custos. O presente trabalho utilizou a técnica de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) para projetar o impelidor de uma turbobomba, de forma a obter a máxima altura manométrica para o fluido sendo bombeado. O software Ansys® foi utilizado para a obtenção dos resultados simulados utilizando o modelo de turbulência κ-ε. Neste trabalho não foi considerada a interação do impelidor com a carcaça. Os parâmetros geométricos e o número de pás de um impelidor pré-definido foram alterados para obter a configuração que fornecesse o maior head. Um aumento de aproximadamente 12 % no head fornecido pelo impelidor foi obtido quando o número de pás no impelidor foi aumentada de 6 para 13.
Estimativa da Variação Temporal de Condutância Térmica de Contato em Placas Termicamente Finas via Método MCMC
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Abreu Luiz A. S. , Knupp Diego C. , Watanabe Eiji
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho trata da solução de um problema inverso de condução de calor visando estimar a variação temporal de condutância térmica de contato, num problema unidimensional em um material de duas camadas termicamente finas, aquecidas por meio de um fluxo de calor aplicado na superfície superior e exposto a convecção térmica na superfície inferior. Para a formulação do problema direto, considerando placas termicamente finas, foi utilizado o método Classic Lumped. Esta formulação reduz o problema original em duas equações diferenciais ordinárias acopladas, desta forma, possibilita diminuir o custo computacional necessário para solucionar o problema direto associado, que foi resolvido utilizando a função NDSolve, intrínseca do software Mathematica. Para a solução do problema inverso foi utilizado o método Monte Carlo via Cadeias de Markov, dentro de uma abordagem Bayesiana, aplicando o algoritmo de Metropolis-Hastings. O método foi analisado a partir de medidas simuladas de temperatura e se mostrou capaz para estimar uma função temporal da condutância térmica de contato. Esta metodologia permite levar em conta as incertezas associadas aos parâmetros presentes nos modelos, bem como, àquelas associadas com a estimativa da condutância térmica variando com o tempo, o que não é observado nos métodos voltados para estimativa temporal da condutância térmica de contato encontrados atualmente na literatura.
Avaliação da capacidade térmica de equipamentos de ar condicionado para conforto
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Juvenil Nunes , Castro Filipe Ribeiro de , Andrade Thaynara Ramos de
Published: February 2023

A climatização de ambientes residenciais vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos e com isso, avaliar se uma instalação de ar condicionado está operando de acordo com o projeto é extremamente importante. Este estudo possui o objetivo de determinar o rendimento térmico de um equipamento de ar-condicionado de uma bancada didática. Para calcular o rendimento térmico de um aparelho de ar-condicionado é necessário determinar a massa de ar recirculada no evaporador e também a variação da entalpia, de entrada e saída. Foram utilizados anemômetro digital, psicrômetro digital e trena, além da bancada didática que possui um aparelho de ar-condicionado do tipo janela com capacidade térmica nominal de 7.500 Btu/h como informado pelo fabricante. Os resultados mostraram que a massa de ar recirculada foi de 580 kg/h e a variação da entalpia foi de 3,1 kcal/kg, obtendo uma capacidade térmica real de 1.798 kcal/h. Assim, verificou-se que o rendimento térmico do aparelho de ar-condicionado da bancada didática ficou aproximadamente 5% menor que o valor informado pelo fabricante.
Belief in Hopeless Times: The Once and Future Lesbian in Putin's Russia and Beyond
Authors: Essig Laurie
Published: February 2023

In this article, written 2 1/2 years before Russia's invasion of Ukraine, I consider how lesbians and other queer women created lives in what was an increasingly totalitarian regime. Borrowing from Black queer feminist Afro-futurism, I try to open up space for survival in un-survivable conditions without in anyway suggesting that anti-Blackness and the anti-queer regime of Vladimir Putin are the same. In order to figure out how the tools of Afro-futurism can be applied to the homo-pessimism of Russia, I begin with the death of the lesbian as a utopian figure in the US and trace her rebirth in Putin's Russia. Then I turn to an LGBTQ magazine as well as five interviews with lesbian and queer women in Russia. By insisting on the utopian possibility of creating lesbian existence when such existence is denied, both the journal and the women managed to create some breathing room in a very anti-queer, anti-feminist and patriarchal state and society.
Kajian atas Pemenuhan Hak Jaminan Sosial Melalui BPJS sebagai Perwujudan Negara Kesejahteraan (Walfare State)
Authors: Koenti Ishviati Joenaini
Published: February 2023

Study of Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN)–National Social Insurance System is new, given embodiment SJSN beginning with the creation of the newly passed through Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS)-Implementing Bodies Social Insurance on November 25, 2011. Social insurance is the mandate of the CONSTITUTION Article 28 H UUD NRI 1945, paragraph (3) States that everyone is entitled to social security that allows the development of her intact as human dignity. In addition, article 34 paragraph 2 state, that the State develop a social insurance system for the whole people and empowering nation with the dignity of humanity. Social insurance is also a Human Right that is present on the International Covenant on economic, social and Cultural. ( ICCESC) though its fulfillment as well as interdependent with civil and Political Rights. The Covenant recognizes the need for the fulfilment of these rights are gradually, some of the obligations that a burden countries are urgent.Social insurance is currently not yet covered all citizens of Indonesia, itsconvinience is very limited. It’s still limited to formal sector workers (private, civil servant, and TNI/Polri), the poor population are covered only partly which were classified under the poverty line and no design minimum standards for many forms of insurance and social assistance, in addition to the management of National Social insurance Systems (SJSN) derect by many institutions that not integrated. To more understand the scheme-a scheme there is good legal basis, scope of benefits, beneficiaries, as well as their funding systems, needs to be done the mapping the current social protection systems. Since November 12, 2011 there is already a legal umbrella for managing social insurance through Act No. 24 of the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) but in terms of coverage of social insurance there are still some areas that have not been done by existing schemes.
Zaakwaarneming dalam Teori dan Praktek Kontemporer
Authors: Hakim Faisal Luqman
Published: February 2023

Basically, human beings can not live alone. Knowingly or not humans always require the presence of other humans. The existence of a sense of mutuality between humans leads to the interaction between other people. Interaction that led to acts of human relations in society. That there is a prohibited act and there are allowed by law. In the Civil Code is set on the action as a result of human interaction is allowed. The act is called zaakwaarneming. Zaakwaarneming is the act of taking care of other people's business that done voluntarily. While still an undergraduate studies, I often get an understanding of the examples of acts that can be categorized as zaakwaarneming. And when I read some posts on the internet media and books, examples of the action zaakwaarneming also provided a similar example. And without us knowing it, if attention to the elements of the act which can be categorized as zaakwaarneming, some actions are still many in society who can be categorized as such actions. Among the acts that can be categorized as zaakwaarneming are an accident working, caring for the sick, helping traffic accident victim, helping a lost child, and find the property of others.
Arah dan Tujuan Pemidanaan dalam Hukum Pidana Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Bahiej Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Punishment is one of the core issues in a significant criminal law. Discussionabout punishment and purpose / justification of punishment has become a lengthydiscussion even stranger since the criminal law itself. Even the way the Indonesiancriminal law, sentencing the topic of discussion of the drafter of national criminal law.Of course, all agreed that the determination of the type of punishment in a national lawbuilding will depend on a philosophical view: how the goals of punishment that will bebuilt within the legal system. In observance of the law of Indonesia travel records sincepre-colonial times to the national law of development efforts can be concluded that thepurpose of sentencing under Indonesian criminal law will be brought to the convictionthat moderate and better.
Problem dan Tranformasi Politik dan Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: M Syafi’ie M Syafi’ie
Published: February 2023

Formulation law that production via mikanisme politics as well as lawenforcement in hand all very vulnerable law enforcer by abuse. Formulation law made legislative and government often deny social interest and built than just on the basis of interest all manager capital and the authorities that otoritarian. Among law product example that have a problem is rule in New Orde era namely UU. No. 8 year 1985 about principle is single, UU Subversi, Instruksion President No 14 year 1967 about religion, trust, China Customs, Decision Presidium No 127/U/Kep/12/1966 on Substitute Name for WNI Use Name China, and few others. Post- rule reformation, formulation Law that is full crisis is Law that related to Natural Resource. While in level law enforcement, the problem seen from law enforcer apparatus that is corrupt, decision law which left interest humanity and justice, and booming fact trade article.Because problematika need dingatkan constantly that formulator profession and law enforcement not off from morality, ethic and community social accountability.
Batas Minimum Usia Kawin Ideal Bagi Pria dan Wanita: Studi atas 58 Penetapan Dispensasi Kawin di Pengadilan Agama Yogyakarta Tahun 2011
Authors: Hakim Faisal Luqman
Published: February 2023

A marriage can only be done if the man was 19 years old and women were 16years old. And if there are people who will do the marriage but has not attained the ageof 21, then it must get permission from their parents. And if the marriage do not reach19 years for men and has not reached 16 years for women, it must apply for adispensation to marry Religious Court. The purpose of this law gives the limit for themen and women who will be the creation of marriage is for the benefit of the family andhousehold. But often occurs in people of a marriage that is done by people who have notreached the age of 19 years for men and has not reached 16 years for women. In 2011Yogyakarta Religious Court has issued a dispensation to marry as many as 58determination. That is, an average of 4 to 5 per month determination issued ReligiousCourt of Yogyakarta. Mating the number of dispensations issued the religious court in2011 that became interesting to do further research.This study would like to know what are the reasons for the applicant to applyfor a dispensation to marry in the Religious Court of Yogyakarta, the majority of theparty who filed the application for a dispensation to marry, and how the average age ofthe prospective bridegroom are applying for the marriage dispensation. The results of thisstudy is that a reason to apply for a dispensation to marry because marriage petitionwas rejected by the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) local because of age who have notreached the minimum when the marriage should still be held because of the reasons thatis urgent in which the prospective bride is already in a state of pregnancy. Party the mostwidely applied for is of the prospective bridegroom, and the average age of the prospectivebridegroom are applying for a dispensation to marry is 17 years and 3 months.
Globalisasi, Konstitusi dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Pengaruh Globalisasi terhadap Pengaturan HAM dalam Konstitusi Indonesia
Authors: Basuki Udiyo
Published: February 2023

Globalization is a phenomenon that can not be avoided by anyone, any nation and any country, including Indonesia. It brings an enormous influence on aspects of national life, including the thought of human rights. The influence of the ideas and insights of global human rights reflected in the human rights debate setting on early days of the first constitution, the 1945 Constitution. In the reform era, the impact of thought globalization of human rights requires a constitutional amendment, which finally produced the regulation of human rights in the 1945 Constitution.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Tahir Ach.
Published: February 2023

Gross violation of human rights has always been stalking the world. Wars in Iraq and Palestine not only devastate buildings and infrastructure, but also above all that take the toll of thousands of civilians whose lives are supposed to be protected. United States, all this time claiming as the greatest democracy and champion of human rights, apparently is the one that inflict worst injury to democracy and human rights themselves, as apparent in the fact that until today the issues of wars in Iraq and Palestine are yet to be settled. The United Nations, in its ideal vision the spearhead of justice in global level, is in actuality cowering before the United States and its allies. Sad but true, Law becomes powerless in the face of ambitions of global political power.
Does Interprofessional Problem-Based Learning (iPBL) Develop Health Professional Students’ Interprofessional Competences? A Systematic Review of Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes
Authors: Phelan Deirdre , Barrett Terry , Lennon Olive
Published: February 2023

This systematic review reports the state-of-the-art and evidence supporting interprofessional problem-based learning (iPBL) as a developmental tool for interprofessional competences. A targeted search strategy deployed across seven electronic databases, identified 32 studies which met inclusion criteria following independent double review. All study types were included. Aggregated results identified evidence (quantitative and/or qualitative) that iPBL This systematic review reports the state-of-the-art and evidence supporting interprofessional problem-based learning (iPBL) as a developmental tool for interprofessional competences. A targeted search strategy deployed across seven electronic data-bases identified 32 studies which met inclusion criteria following independent double review. All study types were included. Aggregated results identified evidence (quantitative and/or qualitative) that iPBL promotes competences as categorised using the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) framework, in Ethics/Values (n = 7); Roles/Responsibilities (n = 27); Interprofessional Communication (n = 19) and Teams/Teamwork (n = 21). Qualitative research dominated the literature. Limited, high-level quantitative data observed effects on students’ attitudes and perceptions of interprofessional compe-tences. Reporting of iPBL context and implementation mechanisms (e.g., trigger design) were largely absent in identified studies. Most iPBL (n = 26), was conducted in university rather than clinical settings.
George Bornstein, In Memoriam
Authors: Young John K
Published: February 2023

This essay cluster in Textual Cultures commemorates the scholarly legacy of George Bornstein (1942–2021).
What is Scholarly Editing?
Authors: Shillingsburg Peter
Published: February 2023

Scholarly Editing is distinguished here from all other editing by declaring the two rules that scholarly editing requires: to know and make known all relevant facts and to exercise informed judgment while following explicit principles for and details of the editorial work.
The Emergence of Efficient Musical Texts during the Age of Reason
Authors: Broude Ronald , Cyr Mary
Published: February 2023

Modern Western musical notation is “efficient” in the sense that every element of a text corresponds to an essential element of the composition represented and to an essential element of every valid performance of that composition. Western notation became efficient only during the eighteenth century. Previously, much Western music — especially music for solo instrument and small ensemble — operated on pretextual, oral principles: it was performed in small communities dominated by celebrated performer/composers who re-created compositions with each performance; their students were taught to perform in this quasi-improvisational way. In such circumstances, a composition could be represented by many different texts. Notation became efficient when increasing numbers of recreational amateurs required music that did not have to be re-created with each performance and that could be learned by realizing texts literally. Printers and composers accommodated them. As texts became efficient, compositions became stable entities defined by texts established by their composers.
Introduction: Dante and Music
Authors: Zaccarello Michelagelo
Published: February 2023

An introduction to the cluster of essays on Dante featured in Textual Cultures 15.2.
The Harmony of the Spheres and Dante’s Paradiso
Authors: Ciabattoni Francesco
Published: February 2023

This article proposes a reading of Dante’s treatment of the harmony of the spheres in the Paradiso, against the backdrop of classical and Christian views of the earlier Pythagorean notion. Rooted in textual evidence, the study highlights Dante’s subtlety in dealing with an extraordinarily evocative subject that had nevertheless been refuted by Aristotelian theologians and thus constituted a contentious issue in the acoustic physics and metaphysics of the late Middle Ages.
LITTLE, James. 2022. The Making of Samuel Beckett’s Not I / Pas moi, That Time / Cette fois and Footfalls / Pas.
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: February 2023

Book review.
Responsibility for Life in the Economy of Sustainability
Authors: Cossiga Giovanni Antonio
Published: February 2023

The responsibility for the survival of humankind is great. In concrete terms, this heavy burden lies above all in the behavior of the majorities in each community. So long as? Life must cross oceans of years and experiences. For this trip, we must believe that the majority of communities hold the responsibility on the issue of life in the future. Regarding the economy, the majority are the recipients of explicit or implicit messages concerning long-term sustainability. Messages that come from nature and are modulated by universal constants, no different from those affecting physics and matter. They are the same ones that allowed life on the planet. Sustainability for the economy in turn means having to follow the path traced for development, i.e., constant growth with the least damage to nature; a way that can accelerate the potentials and possibilities of knowledge. Leaving this classic line means falling into what we have called: the subworld. Because of this fall, the line of development rolls up on itself to become the cycle of the conjuncture; next to it often appear the two maidservants of the economic cycle, Inflation and Deflation. We have learned to get out of the long spirals of inflation in the 60s and 70s, now we face a new enemy, deflation. The struggle with deflation must follow the same line as that of getting rid of the game of inflation. Do not loosen monetary policy, but on the contrary keep it compatibly tight. On the side of the economy of sustainability, the survival of life is also achieved by winning the battle against monetary anomalies that nullify development potential. Not only. Because relations between communities and between different areas and continents worsened. On the other hand, in terms of good relations, we must look favorably on the leap forward in Southeast Asia and China, and on development prospects in Africa.
Loyalty Shares: an International Perspective. A Suitable Instrument to Fight Short-Termism?
Authors: Torres Isabel Fernández
Published: February 2023

556
The Act 5/2021, April the 12th, that modifies the Spanish Companies Act, approved by Royal Legislative Decree 1/2010 of 2nd July (“LSC”) goes beyond the Transposition of Directive 2017/828 and introduces ex novo “loyalty shares” within the Spanish Companies Act (Official Journal, April 13th). This novelty is an evolution in the corporate legislation, the purposes of which is to encourage long-term ownership. Under the self-explanatory heading “Additional loyalty votes”, the law implementing Directive 2017/828/EC introduces a set of rules (Arts. 527 ter to 527 undecies) fundamentally equipollent to the ones already in place in both France and Italy and, more recently, in Belgium. According to the preamble to the Bill, long-term ownership is a new concept promoted by policy makers (including the European Commission), some institutional investors, stakeholders and even issuers who have been facing for a while an increasing pressure to maximize short term results. Against this background, the question that immediately arises (duly discussed in this paper) is whether loyalty shares really promote long-term ownership. More intriguingly, the question is whether short termism is really a problem for listed corporations. The short term vs. long term dichotomy has led us to analyse the rise of the prominent role played by “activist” investors. If short termism exists, are loyalty shares the proper mechanism whereby a real change can really materialise? Moreover, are these new instruments the right solution to overcome the entrenched shareholder apathy and, therefore, the key to achieve their engagement?557
Binding Capital to Free Purpose: Steward Ownership in Germany
Authors: Sanders Anne
Published: February 2023

622This paper discusses steward ownership, a concept of business ownership aiming at long-term and purpose-oriented entrepreneurship developed in Germany. Steward ownership can be seen in the context of the current worldwide discussion of corporate purpose and legal innovations like the US-American benefit corporation and the French société a mission has developed a unique approach. The concept is currently put into practice using German company law and the law of foundations. However, in the coalition agreement of the current German government, a new legal form is envisaged to facilitate the founding of steward-owned businesses. The paper presents the concepts and discusses a draft law developed as food for thought for the legislature.
Angehörige sterbenskranker Menschen in verschiedenen Versorgungsformen
Authors: Oechsle Karin
Published: February 2023

Angehörige Sterbender sind einerseits Teil des Versorgungssystems der Sterbenden, andererseits sind sie auch Betroffene mit eigenen Sorgen und Ängsten. Die Probleme, Bedürfnisse und Aufgaben der Angehörigen variieren dabei auch in Anhängigkeit vom Versorgungsort der Sterbenden. Zudem unterscheiden sich die Erwartungen der Angehörigen daran, was eine „gute“ Sterbesituation ausmacht, je nach Versorgungsform, ob Zuhause, im Hospiz, auf Palliativstationen, im Krankenhaus oder Pflegeheim.
End of Life Care in Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Fassmer Alexander M. , Schmiemann Guido , Hoffmann Falk
Published: February 2023

Pflegeheimbewohner werden in ihrer letzten Lebensphase häufig ins Krankenhaus verlegt – eine oftmals vermeidbare Belastung für Betroffene und Angehörige. Dieser Artikel widmet sich den aktuellen Daten aus Deutschland und diskutiert als wichtigste Verbesserungen eine bessere Palliativversorgung und den Ausbau der vorausschauenden Versorgungsplanung. Zusätzlich wird die Situation mit den Niederlanden verglichen, wo die Ausmaße dieses Versorgungsproblem weitaus geringer sind.
Schmerzmanagement am Lebensende
Authors: Moßdorf Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Bei Menschen in einer palliativen Versorgungssituation verändern sich die Behandlungsziele. Die Heilung einer Krankheit wird abgelöst durch die bestmögliche Unterstützung am Lebensende (best supportive care). Symptome wie Luftnot, Angst und auch Schmerzen stehen dabei oft im Vordergrund. Eine Kombination aus medikamentösen und nicht-medikamentösen Maßnahmen kann Linderung verschaffen.
𝕃2-solutions of multidimensional generalized BSDEs with weak monotonicity and general growth generators in a general filtration
Authors: Belfadli Rachid , El Mellali Tarik , Fakhouri Imade , Ouknine Youssef
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study multidimensional generalized backward stochastic differential equations (GBSDEs), in a general filtration supporting a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson random measure, whose generators are weakly monotone and satisfy a general growth condition with respect to the state variable y. We show that such GBSDEs admit a unique

𝕃
2

{\mathbb{L}^{2}}

-solution. The main tools and techniques used in the proofs are the a-priori-estimation, the convolution approach, the iteration, the truncation, and the Bihari inequality.
Le Cam–Stratonovich–Boole theory for Itô diffusions
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P. N.
Published: February 2023

We connect the theory of local asymptotic normality (LAN) of Le Cam to
Boole’s approximation of the Stratonovich stochastic integral by estimating the
parameter in the nonlinear drift coefficient of an ergodic
diffusion process satisfying a homogeneous Itô stochastic
differential equation based on discretely spaced dense observations of the process.
The asymptotic normality and local asymptotic minimaxity (in the
Hajek–Le Cam sense) of approximate maximum likelihood estimators,
approximate maximum probability estimators and approximate Bayes
estimators based on Itô and Boole’s approximations of
the continuous likelihood are obtained under an almost slowly
increasing experimental design (ASIED) condition (

T

n

6
/
7

→
0

{\frac{T}{n^{6/7}}\to 0}

as

T
→
∞

{T\to\infty}

and

n
→
∞

{n\to\infty}

, where T is the length of the observation time and n is the number of observations) through the weak convergence of the approximate likelihood ratio random fields.
Among other things, the Bernstein–von Mises type theorems concerning the
convergence of suitably normalized and centered approximate
posterior distributions to normal distribution under the same design
condition are proved. Asymptotic normality and asymptotic efficiency
of the conditional least squares estimator under the same design
condition are obtained as a by-product. The log-likelihood
derivatives based on Itô approximations are martingales, but the
log-likelihood derivatives based on Boole’s approximations
are not martingales but weighted averages of forward and backward
martingales. These new approximations have faster rate of
convergence than the martingale approximations. The methods would have advantages over Euler and Milstein approximations for Monte Carlo simulations.
High Sarcopenia Awareness Contrasts a Lack of Clinical Implementation Among Geriatric Rehabilitation Health Care Professionals in the Netherlands: EMPOWER-GR
Authors: Verstraeten Laure M. G. , van Wijngaarden Janneke P. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Maier Andrea B.
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose:

Despite being associated with serious adverse outcomes, such as mortality, sarcopenia remains largely undiagnosed in older individuals. This study aimed to assess the awareness, practices, and barriers and enablers to clinical implementation of sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment among geriatric rehabilitation health care professionals in the Netherlands.

Methods:

As part of EMPOWER-GR, a cross-sectional survey among geriatric rehabilitation health care professionals working in the Netherlands was undertaken between September 23, 2020, and January 28, 2021. Professionals were recruited via a geriatric rehabilitation care provider, health care professional associations, professional networks of the research team, and social media. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the study outcomes.

Results and Discussion:

Of the 501 geriatric rehabilitation health care professionals, 12.2% were physicians, 23.0% physical therapist/occupational therapists, 30.3% dietitians, 19.6% nurses, and 11.0% health care assistants. The concept of sarcopenia was known by 83.8% of the participants, 92.5% correctly identified sarcopenia as low muscle mass and strength (and low physical performance), and 73.8% identified sarcopenia as very important in the management of older adults admitted for rehabilitation. Although 26.2% and 18.9% of the participants reported screening and diagnosing sarcopenia, respectively, in their current practice, only 3.0% adequately used the (revised) definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. When sarcopenia has been diagnosed, 65.0% reported initiating treatment consisting of resistance exercise training (78.7%), food fortification/high-energy or protein diet (85.4%), and oral nutritional supplements (70.4%). Most important barriers to screening and diagnosis were lack of knowledge, access to tools, and equipment and time, while enablers were protocol implementation, access to training, and clear responsibilities.

Conclusions:

Sarcopenia awareness is high among geriatric rehabilitation health care professionals in the Netherlands, but adequate screening and diagnosis is almost nonexistent in current clinical practice, which hampers interventions. Better knowledge, clear responsibilities, and access to tools and protocols, as well as prioritization, are needed for sarcopenia to be diagnosed and treated in geriatric rehabilitation in the Netherlands.
Integrated Interpretation of Electrical Conductivity Changes, Heat Generation, and Strength Development in the First Week in Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Jafari Mohammadamin , Grabinsky Murray , Yue Wendal
Published: February 2023

Underground mining operations need nondestructive test methods to assess placed backfill strength development at early age (especially up to 1 week of curing time) so that they can continue proximate mining quickly. Recent developments in electrical conductivity (EC) transducers for field applications offer this possibility, but the EC measurements must be correlated to backfill strength. To determine the feasibility of this approach, a laboratory test program used a mine’s backfill materials mixed with varying water and binder contents and tested these over a 7-day period. Strength was characterized using unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and correlated to EC. Comparisons were also made to complementary test results using Vicat and heat generation measurement techniques. Strong and consistent correlations were determined between EC and UCS for a given binder content and water content. But moreover, a lower-bound correlation was determined and could also be used in the field if as-placed properties vary to an unknown extent within the limits of parameters considered in the study. This provides the basis to use EC measurements in the field and confidently assess the backfill’s minimum attained strength in real time.
Development of Human Lateral Prefrontal Sulcal Morphology and Its Relation to Reasoning Performance
Authors: Willbrand Ethan H. , Ferrer Emilio , Bunge Silvia A. , Weiner Kevin S.
Published: February 2023

Previous findings show that the morphology of folds (sulci) of the human cerebral cortex flatten during postnatal development. However, previous studies did not consider the relationship between sulcal morphology and cognitive development in individual participants. Here, we fill this gap in knowledge by leveraging cross-sectional morphologic neuroimaging data in the lateral PFC (LPFC) from individual human participants (6-36 years old, males and females;N= 108; 3672 sulci), as well as longitudinal morphologic and behavioral data from a subset of child and adolescent participants scanned at two time points (6-18 years old;N= 44; 2992 sulci). Manually defining thousands of sulci revealed that LPFC sulcal morphology (depth, surface area, and gray matter thickness) differed between children (6-11 years old)/adolescents (11-18 years old) and young adults (22-36 years old) cross-sectionally, but only cortical thickness showed differences across childhood and adolescence and presented longitudinal changes during childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, a data-driven approach relating morphology and cognition identified that longitudinal changes in cortical thickness of four left-hemisphere LPFC sulci predicted longitudinal changes in reasoning performance, a higher-level cognitive ability that relies on LPFC. Contrary to previous findings, these results suggest that sulci may flatten either after this time frame or over a longer longitudinal period of time than previously presented. Crucially, these results also suggest that longitudinal changes in the cortex within specific LPFC sulci are behaviorally meaningful, providing targeted structures, and areas of the cortex, for future neuroimaging studies examining the development of cognitive abilities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent work has shown that individual differences in neuroanatomical structures (indentations, or sulci) within the lateral PFC are behaviorally meaningful during childhood and adolescence. Here, we describe how specific lateral PFC sulci develop at the level of individual participants for the first time: from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. Further, we show, also for the first time, that the longitudinal morphologic changes in these structures are behaviorally relevant. These findings lay the foundation for a future avenue to precisely study the development of the cortex and highlight the importance of studying the development of sulci in other cortical expanses and charting how these changes relate to the cognitive abilities those areas support at the level of individual participants.
RESULTS OF PHYSICAL MODELING OF FREEZING OF HEAVING SOIL
Authors: ЧЕВЕРЕВ В.Г. , БРУШКОВ А.В. , САФРОНОВ Е.В. , КАЙНОВ Ю.А. , ФЕДОТОВ А.Л.
Published: February 2023

Приведены результаты физического лабораторного моделирования процесса промерзания модельного грунта, в качестве которого выбрана глина каолинитового состава. Экспериментально определены основные характеристики компонентного и фазового состава воды в глине, а также ее тепло- и массообменные и деформационные свойства. В ходе физического моделирования отслеживались параметры процесса промерзания, дифференциального пучения мерзлой и усадки немерзлой зон, тепловлагопереноса и порового давления. Сегрегационное льдовыделение в промерзающем грунте, послойное осевое и горизонтальное деформирование, а также динамика плотности и влажности водонасыщенных образцов грунта во времени наблюдались путем применения маркеров положения и цейтраферной видеосъемки.

The article presents the results of physical modeling of soil freezing in laboratory. The samples of silty clay of kaolinite composition were used as model soil. The main characteristics of the component and phase composition of water, as well as the heat and mass transfer and deformation properties of the soil were experimentally determined. During the physical modeling, parameters of the freezing process, differential heaving of frozen and shrinkage of thawed zones, heat and moisture transfer, and pore pressure were monitored. The appearance of segregated ice in the freezing soil, layered axial and horizontal deformation, and the dynamics of density and water content of water-saturated soil samples over time were determined using position markers and time-lapse video.