bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality and care of eating disorders
Authors: Castellini Giovanni , Caini Saverio , Cassioli Emanuele , Rossi Eleonora , Marchesoni Giorgia , Rotella Francesco , De Bonfioli Cavalcabo' Nora , Fontana Miriam , Mezzani Barbara , Alterini Brunetto , Lucarelli Stefano , Ricca Valdo
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Eating disorders (EDs) are considered serious mental illnesses, with one of the highest lethality among psychiatric disorders, even though the issue of mortality due to these conditions is still controversial. The present study was aimed at comparing the mortality rate in a cohort of ED patients representative of the geographic area with that of the age and gender‐matched general population of central Italy.

Methods

Patients were enrolled between 1994 and 2018, among those attending the eating disorders treatment network of the Florence area (EDTN), which is a regional multidisciplinary treatment reference center for EDs covering the clinical population of the metropolitan Florence area (Italy). The life status of participants was determined through linkage with the Regional Mortality Registry.

Results

A total of 1277 individuals with EDs were included, including 368 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 312 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and 597 individuals with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Twenty‐two patients (1.72%) died, during a median follow‐up of 7.4 years. The mortality rates among ED patients did not significantly differ from that of the general population of the same age and sex with a Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 1.19, 95% CI 0.79–1.81. Only among BN patients, the mortality was significantly increased after 10 years from clinical evaluation (SMR 11.24, 95% CI 3.62–34.84).

Conclusion

The low mortality in EDs, compared to published studies, might be due to the EDTN treatment strategy, based on a large network which makes an integrated multidisciplinary team available for almost all the patients with EDs of the geographical area.
Eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition: orthodontic considerations for primary dental care
Authors: Meade MJ , Dreyer CW
Published: August 2022

The primary dental care clinician is in a prime position to identify deviations from normal dental development. Disturbances can affect any new erupting tooth. The objective of this narrative review is to describe several situations in which eruption disturbances can arise during the mixed dentition. It will provide an overview of the orthodontic considerations of these disturbances in addition to key summary points on interceptive management, based on the best available evidence.
The associations between myositis autoantibodies and clinical presentations in dermatomyositis
Authors: Su Hsing‐Jou , Chung Wen‐Hung , Lin Chien‐Yio
Published: August 2022

Background

The myositis autoantibodies have been widely used clinically in recent years for the identification of an autoantibody‐associated clinical phenotype in dermatomyositis (DM) patients. However, correlations between myositis autoantibodies and clinical presentations in different populations are lacking, especially in Taiwan.

Objectives

To investigate the correlations among cutaneous manifestations, myositis autoantibodies, and systemic diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD) and internal malignancy.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients with histopathologically confirmed cutaneous manifestations of DM was conducted during 2005 to 2020 in Taiwan. A commercial line blot immunoassay technique was used to detect myositis autoantibodies.

Results

A total of 88 DM patients were enrolled, with a mean age of onset of 49.4 years old. The most common systemic features were myositis (56.8%, 50/88), internal malignancy (22.7%, 20/88), dysphagia (19.3%, 17/88), and ILD (17%, 15/88). Among the enrolled patients, 32 patients received serum myositis autoantibodies examination. The most common autoantibodies were ANA (50.7%, 37/73), followed by anti‐TIF1‐γ (34.4%, 11/32) and anti‐MDA5 (31.3%, 10/32) antibodies. Patients with Gottron sign (OR 5.6), arthritis (OR 23.35), or the presence of anti‐MDA5 antibody (OR 11.14) were more susceptible to progressing to ILD, whereas patients with pruritus (OR 1.04), dysphagia (OR 6.73), and the presence of ANA (OR 6.29) had significantly higher risks of developing internal malignancies.

Conclusions

Physicians should pay special attention to certain clinical features, which can help with the early detection of systemic diseases. Cancer screening and myositis autoantibodies examination should be conducted in all DM patients if applicable.
Australia's Refugee Resettlement Agreement with the United States: The Diplomacy and Uncertainty of a “Very Big Deal”
Authors: Higgins Claire
Published: August 2022

In September 2016, the United States government agreed to consider resettling up to 1250 refugees who had sought protection in Australia but who were detained offshore under the Australian government's hard‐line asylum policy. This paper charts the story of this resettlement agreement, noting that for many refugees and asylum seekers that story remains unfinished. For an agreement signed to create certainty, there has been considerable uncertainty since 2016. The paper will consider what the agreement with the United States says about Australia's asylum policy. That the Obama administration agreed to resettle refugees who had sought protection in Australia, at a time of heightened global resettlement needs, is because US diplomats were aware of the plight of the refugees held offshore and because the two countries have a long record of cooperation in refugee resettlement. That the deal was begrudgingly maintained under President Trump is testament to the importance of the bilateral relationship. That resettlement in the United States has been so uncertain — and may not be available to everyone — only underscores the deeply flawed and unsustainable nature of the Australian government's insistence on refusing entry to these refugees.
The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii is associated with faecal butyrate levels and atopic dermatitis in infancy
Authors: Sasaki Mari , Schwab Clarissa , Ramirez Garcia Alejandro , Li Qing , Ferstl Ruth , Bersuch Eugen , Akdis Cezmi A. , Lauener Roger ,   CK‐CARE study group, Frei Remo , Roduit Caroline
Published: August 2022

Background

Impaired microbial development and decreased levels of short‐chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, is suggested to have a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods

Faecal microbiota composition, abundance of selected bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites were compared at 90, 180 and 360 days of life between 27 children who developed AD by age one (AD group), and 39 controls (non‐AD group) among the CARE (Childhood AlleRgy, nutrition and Environment) study cohort.

Results

Diversity within the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla in the faecal microbiota was lower in the AD group compared with the non‐AD group. Longitudinal analysis showed multiple amplicon sequence variants (ASV) within the same bacterial family to be differentially abundant. Namely, Ruminococcus bromii, a keystone primary starch degrader, and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin‐utilizer, had lower abundance among the AD group. Children with AD were less likely to have high levels of faecal butyrate at 360 days compared with those without AD (11.5% vs 34.2%). At 360 days, children with high abundance of R. bromii had higher level of butyrate as well as lower proportion of children with AD compared to children with low abundance of R. bromii (11.1–12.5% vs 44.4–52.5%), which was independent of the abundance of the major butyrate producers.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that R. bromii and other primary degraders might play an important role in the differences in microbial cross‐feeding and metabolite formation between children with and without AD, which may influence the risk of developing the disease.
Could it be groove pancreatitis? A frequently misdiagnosed condition with a surgical solution
Authors: Teo Joshua , Suthananthan Arul , Pereira Ryan , Bettington Mark , Slater Kellee
Published: August 2022

Background

Groove pancreatitis (GP) is an underrecognised subtype of chronic pancreatitis, focally affecting the area between the duodenum and pancreatic head. It most commonly affects males between 40 and 50 years of age with a history of alcohol misuse. Patients most commonly complain of abdominal pain and vomiting. Due to its focal nature, it is a potentially surgically treatable form of chronic pancreatitis. We report results of patients surgically treated for groove pancreatitis followed by a literature review of patient outcomes post resection.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients with histopathologically confirmed GP post‐surgical resection at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and Greenslopes Private Hospital in Brisbane, Australia was conducted between 2013 and 2020. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically when Brunner gland hyperplasia and chronic inflammation/fibrosis were found within the pancreaticoduodenal interface. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms were analysed along with complications. Additionally, a systematic review on outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for GP was performed from three databases.

Results

Eight patients underwent surgery for GP. Elimination of preoperative symptoms was achieved in five of the eight patients. Major complications included one take back to theatre for pancreatic leak. Our literature review found complete resolution of pain and vomiting in 80% of GP patients after PD.

Conclusion

Optimal management of GP begins with early recognition. Symptoms from GP are likely to respond well to surgical intervention. We advocate for aggressive surgical resection in a patient with a high index of suspicion for GP.
Comparative analysis of two biomaterials mixed with autogenous bone graft for vertical ridge augmentation: A histomorphometric study in humans
Authors: Gallo Pier , Díaz‐Báez David , Perdomo Sandra , Aloise Antonio Carlos , Tattan Mustafa , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Pelegrine André Antonio , Ravidà Andrea , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2022

Background

The vertical increase of the alveolar ridge dimension using allograft or xenograft mixed with autogenous bone graft and covered by a nonabsorbable high‐density polytetrafluoroethylene (d‐PTFE) membrane is well documented in the literature.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess vital mineralized tissue formation in vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) procedures using autogenous bone chips mixed either with an allograft or a xenograft.

Methods

This prospective clinical trial recruited 16 partially edentulous patients to undergo vertical ridge augmentation in one or more sites, making up a total of 24 samples for histological evaluation. Patients were sequentially stratified into Group A (treated with a freeze‐dried bone allograft [FDBA] mixed with autogenous bone) or to Group B (treated with a bovine xenograft mixed with autogenous bone). Histological samples were analyzed according to the biomaterial used for VRA. Histological samples were obtained on the same day of membrane removal and implant placement.

Results

Thirty‐three implants were placed in 16 sites of regenerated bone via VRA, 13 patients with ridge augmentation in the posterior mandible, and 3 patients with VRA in the anterior maxilla. Group A (FDBA + autogenous) and Group B (xenograft + autogenous) showed a percent vital mineralized tissue (VMT) area of 67.64 ± 16.84 and 60.93 ± 18.25, respectively. A significant difference between the two biomaterials was not observed.

Conclusion

When mixed with autogenous bone, either allografts or xenografts may provide a successful augmentation. Either mixture could serve as reliable alternative in VRA for obtaining a high percentage of VMT.
A systematic review of the feasibility and safety of day case nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Tan E Tian , Leong Wei Sheng , Edafe Ovie , Mirza Showkat
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Recent guidelines suggest obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not an absolute contraindication for same day discharge following surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the feasibility and safety of day case nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery in patients with OSA.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. Quality assessment of included studies was performed. The protocol of this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273451).

Results

A total of 1836 patients from 10 observational studies were included. There were 268 (15.4%) nasal surgeries, 738 palatopharyngeal surgeries (42.4%) and 735 (42.2%) combined nasal and palatopharyngeal surgery. The majority of patients had moderate to severe OSA. A total of 860 patients (49.8%) were successfully discharged as day cases. There were no standard criteria for daycase surgery. Post‐anaesthetic respiratory events were reported in 86/1750 (4.9%) patients. Oxygen desaturation was the most common respiratory event (83.7%, n = 72). There was no mortality reported.

Conclusion

Current data suggests day surgery is feasible in carefully selected patients with OSA undergoing nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery. Further well‐designed prospective studies with an emphasis on the systematic assessment of complications are required to establish safety and daycase criteria.
Strawson's underappreciated argumentative structure
Authors: Sars Nicholas
Published: August 2022

The orthodox reading of Peter Strawson's “Freedom and Resentment” tends to hide interesting elements of its underlying argumentative structure. Recognition of a distinction Strawson draws between two classes of reactive attitudes raises a question about how the distinct discussions are related. The orthodox reading seems to assume the only relevant difference between the two classes is one of perspective; however, this reading obscures the analogical nature of Strawson's argument and encourages a conflation of distinct elements within that argument. In this paper, I show that an analogical interpretation of the relationship between the distinct classes of attitudes reveals differences between them that have interesting implications for the secondary literature that has developed around Strawson's famous essay.
Hospital‐diagnosed sleep disorders and incident dementia: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Damsgaard Line , Janbek Janet , Laursen Thomas Munk , Erlangsen Annette , Spira Adam P. , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose

Several smaller, community‐based studies have suggested a link between sleep disorders and dementia with a focus on sleep as a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Studies on neurodegenerative diseases are prone to reverse causation, and few studies have examined the association with long follow‐up time. Our aim was to explore the possible association between sleep disorders and late‐onset dementia in an entire population.

Methods

In a nationwide cohort with 40‐year follow‐up, associations between hospital‐based sleep disorder diagnoses and late‐onset dementia were assessed. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated using Poisson regression.

Results

The cohort consisted of 1,491,276 people. Those with any sleep disorder had a 17% higher risk of dementia (IRR 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.24) compared to people with no sleep disorder, adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, highest attained educational level at age 50, and somatic and psychiatric comorbidity. The risk of dementia was significantly increased 0–5 years after sleep disorder diagnosis (IRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.25–1.47), whilst the association after 5 years or more was non‐significant (1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.13).

Conclusions

Our findings show an increased short‐term risk of dementia following a hospital‐based sleep disorder diagnosis, whilst weaker evidence of a long‐term risk was found. This could potentially point towards sleep disorders as an early symptom of dementia. Further research is needed to distinguish sleep disorders as an early symptom of dementia, a risk factor, or both.
Artificial neural networks for prediction of COVID‐19 in India by using backpropagation
Authors: Manohar Balakrishnama , Das Raja
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected thousands of people around the world. In this study, we used artificial neural network (ANN) models to forecast the COVID‐19 outbreak for policymakers based on 1st January to 31st October 2021 of positive cases in India. In the confirmed cases of COVID‐19 in India, it's critical to use an estimating model with a high degree of accuracy to get a clear understanding of the situation. Two explicit mathematical prediction models were used in this work to anticipate the COVID‐19 epidemic in India. A Boltzmann Function‐based model and Beesham's prediction model are among these methods and also estimated using the advanced ANN‐BP models. The COVID‐19 information was partitioned into two sections: training and testing. The former was utilized for training the ANN‐BP models, and the latter was used to test them. The information examination uncovers critical day‐by‐day affirmed case changes, yet additionally unmistakable scopes of absolute affirmed cases revealed across the time span considered. The ANN‐BP model that takes into consideration the preceding 14‐days outperforms the others based on the archived results. In forecasting the COVID‐19 pandemic, this comparison provides the maximum incubation period, in India. Mean square error, and mean absolute percent error have been treated as the forecast model performs more accurately and gets good results. In view of the findings, the ANN‐BP model that considers the past 14‐days for the forecast is proposed to predict everyday affirmed cases, especially in India that have encountered the main pinnacle of the COVID‐19 outbreak. This work has not just demonstrated the relevance of the ANN‐BP techniques for the expectation of the COVID‐19 outbreak yet additionally showed that considering the incubation time of COVID‐19 in forecast models might produce more accurate assessments.
Quasi‐oppositional wild horse optimization based multi‐agent path finding scheme for real time IoT systems
Authors: Marzouk Radwa , Alzahrani Jaber S. , Alrowais Fadwa , Al‐Wesabi Fahd N. , Hamza Manar Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Multi‐Agent System (MAS) gained significant interest amongst researchers since it provides multiple benefits through several application areas. MAS involves a network of socially‐cooperative smart agents that is conscious about the drastic modifications that occur in the platform at the time of task execution. On the other hand, energy efficiency is a major issue in real‐time IoT systems, since most of the sensor nodes experience energy constraints. Though several works have been conducted earlier, there is a need exists to design an effective solution for simultaneous processing in real‐time environments using multiple agents. The aim of Multi‐Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) process is to provide collision‐free routes so as to divert the agents from original path to the destination. In this view, the current study designs a Quasi‐Oppositional Wild Horse Optimization‐based Multi‐Agent Path Finding (QOWHO‐MAPF) scheme for real‐time IoT systems. The aim of the proposed QOWHO‐MAPF scheme is to determine the optimal set of paths to reach the destination in real‐time IoT networks. QOWHO algorithm is created by integrating the concepts of Quasi‐Oppositional Based Learning (QOBL) and conventional WHO algorithm. In addition, the proposed QOWHO‐MAPF model derives a fitness function that involves two input parameters such as residual energy and distance‐to‐destination. The proposed QOWHO‐MAPF model was experimentally analysed and the results were inspected under several aspects. The simulation results established that QOWHO‐MAPF model is a superior model compared to other state‐of‐the‐art models.
RETRACTED: Internet of agents system for age and gender classification using grasshopper optimization with deep convolution neural networks
Authors: Dutta Ashit Kumar , Qureshi Basit , Albagory Yasser , Alsanea Majed , Gupta Deepak , Khanna Ashish
Published: August 2022

The internet of agents (IoA) is an emergent model, which mainly intends to resolve the limitations of the internet of things (IoT) devices with respect to reasoning and social competencies for improving proactivity, intelligence, and interoperability. This article presents a novel grasshopper optimization with deep learning enabled multi‐agent system for age and gender classification (GOADL‐MASAGC) model for IoA. The proposed GOADL‐MASAGC technique intends to categorize age as well as gender. The proposed GOADL‐MASAGC technique applies a multi‐agent system, which incorporates distinct processes for age and gender classification like pre‐processing, feature extraction, and classification. Besides, the GOADL‐MASAGC technique enables to performance concurrent process of classification and regression to identify age and gender respectively. In addition, the GOA with Capsule Network (CapsNet) model was executed for deriving a suitable group of feature vectors and the GOA is employed as a hyperparameter optimizer. Finally, wavelet kernel extreme learning machine (WKELM) was employed as a classifier for gender classification and deep belief network (DBN) is used as a regression approach for age recognition. For demonstrating the improved performance of the GOADL‐MASAGC model, a series of simulations were executed and the outcomes are examined in various aspects. The extensive comparative analysis reported the enhanced outcomes of the GOADL‐MASAGC approach over the existing methods.
Influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on learning preferences and perspectives of generation Y and Z students in dental education
Authors: Nguyen Vuvi H. , Patel Tulsi
Published: August 2022

Objectives

For the first time in history, the COVID‐19 pandemic required students at The University of Texas School of Dentistry (UTSD) to move to remote education. Based on a literature review, it was assumed that younger generations of students would prefer virtual teaching models over in‐classroom formats. The purpose of this study is to assess students' perspectives of remote learning during COVID‐19 in dental education relative to their generation and programme.

Methods

An electronic survey was administered to all UTSD dental and dental hygiene students via Qualtrics. The survey collected information on demographics, pre‐pandemic learning preferences, remote learning experiences during the pandemic, and a free response section. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to analyse data.

Results

The survey received a 60% response rate (n = 290). Over 95% of respondents belonged to Generations Y and Z. There were no significant differences in responses between generations. However, significant differences in responses between programmes arose with more dental hygiene students agreed that they liked learning in a classroom setting compared to dental students (p < 0.01). Significantly more dental students agreed that they stayed organized, were less stressed, and felt that the transition to online learning was easy compared to dental hygiene students (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Although the majority of students surveyed belong to Generations Y and Z, there are still preferences for traditional, in‐person learning. Both cohorts recognized the benefits and challenges of distance learning, and the findings from this study shed light on how students are handling remote learning in dental education.
The role of nurses' unions in workplace innovation in Australian and Canadian hospitals: Analysing union strategies
Authors: Stanton Pauline , Bartram Timothy , Bamber Greg J.
Published: August 2022

We explore the role of nurses and their unions in workplace innovation through case study research on the introduction of Lean production (LP). We find that nurses' unions were not involved in the implementation of LP. We draw conclusions about how union power, identity and narratives help explain union strategic behaviour.
Contributing to carbon peak: Estimating the causal impact of eco‐industrial parks on low‐carbon development in China
Authors: Nie Xin , Wu Jianxian , Wang Han , Li Weijuan , Huang Chengdao , Li Lihua
Published: August 2022

Low‐carbon development is associated with eco‐industrial parks (EIPs), but whether a causal relationship exists is unknown. A growing body of evidence from environmental engineering studies suggests that EIPs reduce carbon emissions, but few economic studies have assessed the causality, channels, and heterogeneity of this relationship. This study uses the staggered difference‐in‐difference method to construct a quasi‐natural experiment to assess the impact of national‐level EIPs on low‐carbon development. The empirical results reveal that EIPs help achieve low‐carbon development in China. Specifically, EIPs reduce the carbon intensity of the pilot cities by 7.2%. The channel analysis reveals that EIPs advance technological innovation, stimulate the Porter effect, and upgrade the industrial structure. Regional heterogeneity analysis further reveals that EIPs are more conducive to low‐carbon development in pilot cities in southern China, cities along the coast, and cities on the east of the Hu line. Further analysis shows that EIPs depress the peak of the environmental Kuznets curve and help achieve the turning point early. Moreover, this study offers fresh cases and patterns for the construction of EIPs in China. This study contributes to an in‐depth understanding of the role of EIPs in the low‐carbon transition in the largest developing country and provides inspiration for further policy optimization.
Experiences, Beliefs, and Values Influencing Midwives’ Attitudes Toward the Use of Childbirth Interventions
Authors: Zondag Lianne D. C. , Maas Veronique Y. F. , Beuckens Antje , Nieuwenhuijze Marianne J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Intervention rates in perinatal care vary between and within countries, without populations’ characteristics as a full explanation. Research suggests that one factor in this variation might be the attitudes of perinatal health care providers. Systematic knowledge on the background of midwives’ attitudes and how this influences the use of interventions is limited. The study aim was to to explore experiences, beliefs, and values that influence midwives’ attitudes toward interventions in perinatal care.

Methods

A qualitative study using in‐depth interviews with primary care midwives (n = 20) in the Netherlands. The interviews were performed in June 2019 and combined a narrative approach with a semistructured interview guide. Inductive content analysis was applied.

Results

We identified 2 main themes: attitudes toward interventions and influences on midwives’ attitudes. The midwives in our study described their attitudes toward interventions as oriented to either wait and see or check and control. Care based on wait and see displayed a more supportive style of behavior, and care based on check and control appeared to display a more directive style of behavior. In the theme of influences on midwives’ attitudes, 3 subthemes emerged: experiences in collaboration, trust and fear, and woman‐centeredness.

Discussion

Midwives with a wait and see attitude seem to have a more restricted approach toward interventions compared with midwives with a check and control attitude. Midwives need to be aware how their experiences, beliefs, and values shape their attitudes toward use of interventions. This awareness could be a first step toward the reduction of unwarranted interventions.
Height and pelvic lesion number: Do they have a positive relationship with postoperative recurrence in adolescent endometriosis?—A retrospective clinical analysis of 89 adolescent endometriosis in China
Authors: Sun Lu , Fan Xiaodong , Zhu Yingjun
Published: August 2022

Background

Adolescent endometriosis is a special type of endometriosis. Its diagnosis is often delayed. This study aimed to share the treatment experience of adolescent endometriosis and analyze the clinical manifestation, clinical stage, and risk factors of postoperative recurrence in China.

Methods

Eighty‐nine cases of adolescent endometriosis over 7 years in a single institution were reviewed. Demographic, clinical outcome measures were collected.

Result

The cumulative incidence rates of postoperative recurrence at years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 13.2%, 15.09%, 16.98%, 20.75%, and 20.75%, respectively. The risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence were disease stage, number of lesions, and height. In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence were height (RR: 1.132, 95% CI: 1.018–1.260) and the number of pelvic lesions (three or more, RR: 4.202, 95% CI: 1.013–17.433).

Conclusion

Taller patients and those who had multiple lesion sites (≥3) should receive more attention, because they have a higher possibility of relapse after surgery than their counterparts. This finding can guide the postoperative treatment of adolescent patients with endometrioma.
Atypical/unbalanced ETV6/NTRK3 rearrangement in salivary secretory carcinoma with a focus on the incidence, the patterns, and the clinical implications
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Li Jiang , Tian Zhen , Zhang Chunye , Xia Ronghui , He Yue
Published: August 2022

Background

Atypical/unbalanced rearrangement in salivary secretory carcinoma was observed and its incidence, patterns, and clinical significance remain unknown.

Methods

One hundred and ninety‐six cases of diagnosed secretory carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for NTRK3/ETV6::NTRK3 was conducted on cases carrying the atypical ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization signals. Cases without ETV6::NTRK3 were selected for next‐generation sequencing to reveal novel partner. Immunohistochemistry and follow‐up were performed.

Results

Twenty‐seven cases were confirmed to carry the atypical ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization signal patterns. The most common type of abnormality was the duplication of ETV6 5′ end (1Y1GnR, n ≥ 2) with the incidence of 81.5% (22/27). Seventeen of 19 were identified with ETV6::NTRK3 and 2 with ETV6::RET. The immunophenotype was similar to the typical secretory carcinoma group. TrkC exhibited 68.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity for NTRK3 fusion. Microscopically, 5 out of 21 were accompanied by necrosis and 3 out of 21 showed neural invasion. Four out of 19 patients showed local relapse, 2 developed distant metastasis, and 1 died of disease. The patients with distant metastasis and even dead were both harbored ETV6::RET rearrangement. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in disease‐free survival, relapse‐free survival, and distant metastasis‐free survival between atypical and typical groups.

Conclusion

Gene rearrangement can be identified although the fluorescence in situ hybridization signals were atypical, which was instructive for secretory carcinoma diagnosis in clinical practice. The signals of partners were also always atypical which may have an impact to the efficacy of targeted drugs. There was no statistical evidence that this group possessed worse prognosis. However, secretory carcinomas with ETV6::RET have dismal prognosis than those with ETV6::NTRK3.
The effect of a temperature‐sensitive prophage on the evolution of virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen
Authors: Bruneaux Matthieu , Ashrafi Roghaieh , Kronholm Ilkka , Laanto Elina , Örmälä‐Tiznado Anni‐Maria , Galarza Juan A. , Zihan Chen , Kubendran Sumathi Mruthyunjay , Ketola Tarmo
Published: August 2022

Viruses are key actors of ecosystems and have major impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. Prophages deserve particular attention as they are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes and can enter a lytic cycle when triggered by environmental conditions. We explored how temperature affects the interactions between prophages and other biological levels using an opportunistic pathogen, the bacteriumSerratia marcescens, which harbours several prophages and that had undergone an evolution experiment under several temperature regimes. We found that the release of one of the prophages was temperature‐sensitive and malleable to evolutionary changes. We further discovered that the virulence of the bacterium in an insect model also evolved and was positively correlated with phage release rates. We determined through analysis of genetic and epigenetic data that changes in the bacterial outer cell wall structure possibly explain this phenomenon. We hypothezise that the temperature‐dependent phage release rate acted as a selection pressure onS. marcescensand that it resulted in modified bacterial virulence in the insect host. Our study system illustrates how viruses can mediate the influence of abiotic environmental changes to other biological levels and thus be involved in ecosystem feedback loops.
Overexpression of PeNAC122 gene promotes wood formation and tolerance to osmotic stress in poplars
Authors: Chen Zihao , Peng Zhuoxi , Liu Siqin , Leng Haiqin , Luo Jianxun , Wang Fei , Yi Yuanyuan , Resco de Dios Víctor , Lucas Gutiérrez Rodríguez , Yao Yinan , Gao Yongfeng
Published: August 2022

Finding the adequate balance between wood formation and abiotic stress resistance is still an important challenge for industrial woody crops. In this study, PeNAC122, a member of the NAC transcription factor (TF) family highly expressed in xylem, was cloned from Populus euphratica. Tissue expression and β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that PeNAC122 was exclusively expressed in phloem fiber and secondary xylem of stems. Subcellular and yeast transactivation assays confirmed that PeNAC122 protein existed in the nucleus and did not have transcriptional activation and inhibitory activity. Overexpression of PeNAC122 poplar lines exhibited reduced plant height, thickened xylem, and accumulated lignin content in stems, and also upregulates the expression of secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes. Moreover, overexpression of PeNAC122 lines displayed more tolerance to PEG6000‐induced osmotic stress, with stronger photosynthetic performance, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaves, and higher expression levels of stress response genes DREB2A, RD29, and NCED3. These results indicate that PeNAC122 plays a crucial role in wood formation and abiotic stress tolerance, which, in addition to potential use in improving wood quality, provides further insight into the role of NAC family TFs in balancing wood development and abiotic stress resistance.
Periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in elderly people experiencing institutional and hospital confinement
Authors: Müller Frauke , Srinivasan Murali , Krause Karl‐Heinz , Schimmel Martin
Published: August 2022

An increasing number of elderly people retain their natural teeth into old age and further, the prevalence of endosseous implants for supporting oral prosthesis is ever increasing. These teeth and implants now present a considerable challenge in terms of maintenance, especially when patients become dependent on care. Periodontal and peri‐implant diseases are more prevalent in elderly than in younger age cohorts. There are distinct differences related to the inflammatory response between periodontal and peri‐implant tissues, both in young and old age. The age‐related reasons for the increase in periodontal infections may be related to poor oral hygiene because of a loss of dexterity or vision, but also to immunosenescence. This term describes the aging of the immune system and the decline of its effectiveness with age. Low‐grade infections, like chronic periodontitis, may cause low‐grade inflammation and subsequently increase the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. In return, treatment of periodontitis may improve general health, as demonstrated for diabetes. A second mechanism illustrating how poor oral health translates into systemic disease is the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. The treatment options in old age should be evaluated with regard to the issues of general health and maintenance. Systematic periodontal maintenance therapy, as performed in younger age cohorts, may be difficult to implement in elderly people experiencing institutional or hospital confinement because of logistics, barriers related to patients and caregivers, or cost. The scale of periodontal disease in old age represents a public health issue.
Climate neutrality in the EU and China: An analysis of the stringency of targets and the adaptiveness of the relevant legal frameworks
Authors: Du Haomiao , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2022

The European Union (EU) and China have committed to achieving net‐zero emissions by 2050 and 2060, respectively. To explore the legal nature of these objectives and how the legal frameworks support their delivery, this article assesses the stringency of objectives and the adaptiveness of relevant legal frameworks. The former compares the objectives' bindingness, scope, prescriptiveness and precision of such obligations and compliance mechanisms. The latter compares the dynamism of mitigation policies and the legal institutions and processes that promote decarbonization. The article concludes that the climate neutrality objective is enshrined in the EU's climate law framework with a high degree of stringency overall. By contrast, China mainly incorporates the targets into administrative measures, the cadre responsibility and evaluation system, lacking formal rules and robust enforcement. By accelerating legal reform to integrate carbon neutrality into relevant regulatory instruments and addressing implementation problems, China explores its distinctive pathway to delivering on the objective.
Local burn wound environment versus systemic response: Comparison of proteins and metabolites
Authors: Zang Tuo , Heath Kiana , Etican Joseph , Chen Lan , Langley Donna , Holland Andrew J. A. , Martin Lisa , Fear Mark , Parker Tony J. , Kimble Roy , Wood Fiona , Cuttle Leila
Published: August 2022

In this study, paired blood plasma (BP) and blister fluid (BF) samples from five paediatric burn patients were analysed using mass spectrometry to compare their protein and metabolite composition. The relative quantification of proteins was achieved through a label‐free data independent acquisition mode. The relative quantification of metabolites was achieved using a Shimadzu Smart Metabolite Database gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) targeted assay. In total, 562 proteins and 141 individual metabolites were identified in the samples. There was 81% similarity in the proteins present in the BP and BF, with 50 and 54 unique proteins found in each sample type respectively. BF contained keratinocyte proliferation‐related proteins and blood plasma contained abundant blood clotting proteins and apolipoproteins. BF contained more carbohydrates and less alpha‐hydroxy acid metabolites than the BP. In this study, there were unique proteins and metabolites in BF and BP which were reflective of the local wound environment and systemic environments respectively. The results from this study demonstrate that the biomolecule content of BF is mostly the same as blood, but it also contains information specific to the local wound environment.
Leadership Styles of Educational Leaders in Healthcare & Academia
Authors: Malak Haroon M. , Rundio Al , Mirza Bushra , Carhart Bob , Mirza Majid
Published: August 2022

This study sought to determine the main leadership style used by clinical professors and other educational leaders in academic settings as well as the leadership style they used when teaching in clinical settings. There were eight (n = 8) voluntary interprofessional educational leaders who took part in this study. It was determined that the servant leadership style was predominantly being practiced among these clinical professors in the healthcare setting; whereas, the coaching leadership style was preferred for educational purposes. This research demonstrated that there was a consistent pattern among professors who practiced in the health sector relied on the servant leadership style predominantly and this stemmed from their clinical background and experiences. It was unanimous that while teaching and interacting with a student in the academic environment, all participants practiced the coaching leadership style.
Discursos pedagógicos de docentes sobre estudiantes universitarios: déficit y riqueza
Authors: Rendón-Cazales Víctor Jesús , De Agüero-Servín María de las Mercedes , Benavides-Lara Mario Alberto , Pompa-Mansilla Maura
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo aborda la construcción discursiva de los estudiantes a través de las narrativas de docentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con un total de 86 docentes universitarios, distribuidos en 8 grupos focales, donde se analizaron episodios comunicativos sobre el estudiantado.Se identificaron dos discursos principales contrapuestos y complementarios:la narrativa deficitaria y la narrativa de la riqueza de experiencias.Los discursos deficitarios atribuyeron a los estudiantes falta de interés, al concebirlos como desinteresados, conflictivos y con carencias educativas, mientras que los discursos de la riqueza incluyeron al estudiante desde sus posibilidades, la diversidad y la empatía.
Antibiotic-induced inflammation
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: August 2022

Bacterial stress caused by antibiotics increases a second messenger that directly stimulates host inflammation.
High Levels of Cyclic Diguanylate Interfere with Beneficial Bacterial Colonization
Authors: Isenberg Ruth Y. , Christensen David G. , Visick Karen L. , Mandel Mark J.
Published: August 2022

There is substantial interest in studying cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) in pathogenic and environmental bacteria, which has led to an accepted paradigm in which high c-di-GMP levels promote biofilm formation and reduce motility. However, considerably less focus has been placed on understanding how this compound contributes to beneficial colonization.
A Variant Allele in Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Selected during Production of the Varicella Vaccine Contributes to Its Attenuation
Authors: Sadaoka Tomohiko , Depledge Daniel P. , Rajbhandari Labchan , Breuer Judith , Venkatesan Arun , Cohen Jeffrey I.
Published: August 2022

The live-attenuated varicella vaccine has reduced the burden of chickenpox. Despite its development in 1974, the molecular basis for its attenuation is still not well understood.
Comparison of the Treatment Outcome of Piperacillin-Tazobactam versus Carbapenems for Patients with Bacteremia Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Areas with Low Frequency of Coproduction of OXA-1: a Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Hoashi Kosuke , Hayama Brian , Suzuki Masahiro , Sakurai Aki , Takehana Kazumi , Enokida Taisuke , Takeda Koichi , Ohkushi Daisuke , Doi Yohei , Harada Sohei
Published: August 2022

Although carbapenems are considered the drug of choice for severe infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL)-producing organisms, other therapeutic options are being explored to avoid increasing the selective pressure for carbapenem-resistant organisms. In this study, it was suggested that piperacillin-tazobactam may be as effective as carbapenems for the treatment of mild bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing
Escherichia coli
in areas where OXA-1 co-production by ESBL-producing
E. coli
is rare.
Exploring patient perceptions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a qualitative study
Authors: Stillianesis Georgia , Cavaleri Rocco , Summers Simon J , Tang Clarice
Published: August 2022

Objective

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, is a novel avenue for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in chronic pain conditions, the clinical uptake of rTMS remains limited and little is known regarding patient perceptions of this therapeutic technique.

Design

Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, reported in accordance with the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research checklist.

Setting

Sydney, Australia.

Participants

Fifteen participants were recruited from the community and completed the study. All participants had a diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain, a history of seeking treatment and no prior experience with rTMS.

Methods and analysis

All participants completed a semistructured interview to explore overall knowledge, preconceived concerns and attitudes regarding rTMS as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

The key themes that influenced an individual’s hypothetical acceptance of rTMS for chronic pain management were (1) the individual’s initial impression of the equipment appearance, (2) the participant’s individual history and familiarity with technology, (3) the accessibility and availability of rTMS and (4) knowledge regarding pain physiology and rTMS.

Conclusions

This was the first qualitative study to explore the perception of rTMS as a treatment among people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. RTMS appears to be accepted as a treatment option among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Developing targeted strategies to address accessibility, funding support and medical endorsements may encourage use of rTMS in a clinical chronic pain setting.
Interventions delivered in secondary or tertiary medical care settings to improve routine vaccination uptake in children and young people: a scoping review
Authors: Blagden Sarah , Newell Kathryn , Ghazarians Nareh , Sulaiman Sabrena , Tunn Lucy , Odumala Michael , Isba Rachel , Edge Rhiannon
Published: August 2022

Objective

To identify and analyse the interventions delivered opportunistically in secondary or tertiary medical settings, focused on improving routine vaccination uptake in children and young people.

Design

Scoping review.

Search strategy

We searched CINAHL, Web of Science, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies in English published between 1989 and 2021 detailing interventions delivered in secondary or tertiary care that aimed to improve childhood vaccination coverage. Title, abstract and full-text screening were performed by two independent reviewers.

Results

After deduplication, the search returned 3456 titles. Following screening and discussion between reviewers, 53 studies were included in the review. Most papers were single-centre studies from high-income countries and varied considerably in terms of their study design, population, target vaccination, clinical setting and intervention delivered. To present and analyse the study findings, and to depict the complexity of vaccination interventions in hospital settings, findings were presented and described as a sequential pathway to opportunistic vaccination in secondary and tertiary care comprising the following stages: (1) identify patients eligible for vaccination; (2) take consent and offer immunisations; (3) order/prescribe vaccine; (4) dispense vaccine; (5) administer vaccine; (6) communicate with primary care; and (7) ongoing benefits of vaccination.

Conclusions

Most published studies report improved vaccination coverage associated with opportunistic vaccination interventions in secondary and tertiary care. Children attending hospital appear to have lower baseline vaccination coverage and are likely to benefit from vaccination interventions in these settings. Checking immunisation status is challenging, however, and electronic immunisation registers are required to enable this to be done quickly and accurately in hospital settings. Further research is required in this area, particularly multicentre studies and cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions.