bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Elements Simulation Analysis and Research on the Mast of Rotary Drilling Rig
Authors: Li Yong Xiang , Yu Fu Jin , Chen Yu Lei , Che Li Na
Published: August 2011

To achieve the structural stability of the mast of rotary drilling rig in the course of construction, analysis theory and method of FEM is applied to the study of the mast deformation of rotary drilling rig. Firstly, three-dimensional models of the mast of rotary drilling rig are created by the software of Pro/E, and then form a corresponding finite element model to carry out an analysis on the bending deformation of the mast of rotary drilling rig by the software of Ansys and to disclose the deformation regularity of the mast. The corresponding test is subsequently performed to obtain actual deformation amount of the mast of rotary drilling rig. Finally, the deformation results from the test conform to that from the software of Ansys. The method and experience of this paper will provide theoretic supports for more optimization design and research of the mast of rotary drilling rig.
Topology Optimization of Headstock of Heavy Machine Tool
Authors: Cheng Feng Lan , Wu Feng He
Published: August 2011

The problem of topology optimization of large spindle box of heavy machine was studied. Based on ICM topology optimization, the parameters topology optimization were changed by sensitivity analysis and the sensitivity parameters were normalized; the topological parameters were modified and removed which judgment based on the sensitivity of the cross-section unit cell in the progress of optimization. Example shown that the integrated optimization method made the structure optimization more intuitive, not only avoided effectively the occurrence of the load strange in the optimization process, but accelerated the convergence speed.
A Multi-Objective Coordinated Control Oriented New Algorithm for NURBS Curve Interpolation
Authors: Hu Zi Hua , Zhan You Ren , Gao Man Ke
Published: August 2011

The coordinated control of machining quality and efficiency is the ultimate goal for the next generation NURBS curve interpolation algorithm. Recently, the existing researches on NURBS curve interpolation algorithm mainly focus on chord error, feedrate, machine tools acceleration/deceleration capability, but the reasonable matching between multi-objective’s parameter and error redundancy coordinated control has not been considered yet. Therefore, a new NURBS interpolation algorithm is proposed with multi-objective coordinated control in this paper, which does not only consider chord error, error redundancy, acceleration/deceleration capability of machine tools, real-time ability simultaneously, but also satisfy the reasonable matching between multi-objective’s parameter and error redundancy coordinated control. The results of experimental simulation indicate that the obtained new NURBS interpolation algorithm is reliable, and the coordinated control ability of machining quality and efficiency is improved obviously.
A Fractal Model of the Semi-Fixed Abrasive Plate Surface Topography
Authors: Zhou Zhao Zhong , Yuan Ju Long
Published: August 2011

In order to kinematic simulate the lapping process with the semi-fixed abrasive plate; a fractal modeling of the semi-fixed abrasive lapping abrasive plate’s surface topography is presented in this paper. A numerical procedure for effectively generating the semi-fixed abrasive lapping abrasive plate surface topography is suggested. The procedure is based on the fractal characteristic of the semi-fixed abrasive plate and the fractal dimension was obtained from the measured structure function of the abrasive plate surface used the Digital Microscope Resources Center. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the viability of the approach. It would be powerful to describe the complex interaction of the abrasive plate and workpiece.
Resistance of Polymer (PET) - Mortar Composites to Aggressive Solutions
Authors: Benosman A.S. , Mouli M. , Taïbi H. , Belbachir M. , Senhadji Y.
Published: August 2011

This paper describes an innovative use of plastic bottle waste as cement-substitution within composite materials for preventing chemical attacks or repairing various reinforced concrete structures. Various weight fractions of cement varying from 2.5% to 7.5% were substituted by the same weight of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The specimens were tested in flexure and compressive strength and for chemical resistance to acid, basic solutions at 5% and for chloride ion permeability. From this study, it was found that the PET-modified mortars exposed to aggressive environments showed better resistance to chemical attack and higher resistance to chloride ion penetration than unmodified one without substantially affecting the mechanical strength in tap water. The addition of PET to the modified mortars, means reducing the penetration of aggressive agents. So, the mass loss of composites exposed to hydrochloric and acetic acid solutions is lower than those of unmodified mortar. The basic solutions are harmless for composite materials. The formations which appear such as different calcium salts were determined by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR.
Development of Electrical Porcelain Glazes from Non-Essential Materials in Ghana Using RO/R2O, R2O3, RO2 Classification
Authors: Kwawukume P.S. , Essuman Albert , Amoanyi Robert
Published: August 2011

The use of non-essential materials in Ghana like granites, cocoa pod ash and shells as fluxes has been studied in the composition of a local brown glaze in the Na2O-K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems to support electrical porcelain glaze development which hitherto relied totally on imported glazes. Chemical analyses have been performed on the various materials and revealed the presence of the right quantities of aluminous-silicate minerals necessary for combinations in glaze development using the Segar classification. It was found that the range of 0.2 - 0.4 molecular weight of the granites, 0.1 - 0.3 for the cocoa pod ash and 0.4 - 0.8 for the shells forming the R2O/RO2 group and the ratio of 1:12 for the clay and the sand was sufficient to cause excellent melt at 1200OC when 5% - 8% of local manganese and 5% local iron oxide were added to the recipe. The molecular weights of the various oxides in the R2O group were calculated from the chemical analyses of the various materials to reflect the right quantities of the oxides. The results also indicate that holding the RO/R2O group within the above limits and varying the clay to sand ratio from1:8 - 1:12, other glaze melting surfaces from matt to gloss are achievable. Physical examination of the melted glaze on the electrical porcelain bodies showed consistent rich brown colour, well vitrified with no crazing, peeling or pin holes, at pottery temperatures of 1140 - 12000C.
Application of 'UREAD' for the Energy Dissipation in Engineering Structures
Authors: Osman Fayek H. , Lupoi Rocco
Published: August 2011

A concept based upon Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is developed and introduced in the form of a Universal Re-usable Energy Absorption Device ‘UREAD’. In impact situations the device utilises the energy required to extrude deformable materials through the shear planes of a set of intersecting channels and hence provides the means to protect engineering structures. The impact force is absorbed through the resistance of a deformable material and the energy is dissipated through an operational stroke. This paper examines the use of this new concept under dynamic loading. The device performance and usability during dynamic impacts are tested in a landing frame type experiment where the effectiveness of the technique in reducing impact loads and energy are also examined.
Influences of Nano-Calcium Carbonate on Friction Properties of Titanium Complex Grease
Authors: Yin Ji Hui , Qu Jian Jun , Song Bao Yu , Su Dai Zhong
Published: August 2011

The effect of nano-calcium carbonate particles as additives on the titanium complex grease was investigated in this paper. Tribological properties of the titanium complex grease containing nano-calcium carbonate were evaluated with a four-ball tester. The morphology of wear scar of steel ball was observed using the sweep electron microscope. The chemical states of typical elements on the wear scars of steel balls were analyzed by means of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the titanium complex grease including 3% or 5% nano- calcium carbonate has better antifriction and antiwear properties. The nano-calcium carbonate particles through generating calcium oxide and adsorption to form a protective film effectively inhibited the adhesive wear and contact fatigue of the friction surface to reduce wear.
Study on the Growth of Crystalline Er2O3 Films on Si Substrates by RHEED Patterns
Authors: Zhu Yan Yan , Xu Run , Fang Ze Bo
Published: August 2011

Er2O3 films with good crystallinity have been achieved on an oxidized Si (111) surface by molecule beam epitaxy. The initial growth of Er2O3 films epitaxially grown on Si surfaces is investigated by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction. An interface layer was formed at the very beginning of the growth of Er2O3 film on Si, which is supposed to be attributed to the Er atom catalytic oxidation effect. The results obtained indicate that with the film growth process continued, oxygen deficient Er oxide captures oxygen from the interface layer which is formed inevitably at the initial growth of Er2O3 film and thus reduce and even remove the interface layer if the condition of O2 pressure is insufficient at a high substrate temperature such as 700°C in our case.
Formal Verification of Embedded Systems Using the Alvis Approach
Authors: Kotulski Leszek , Szpyrka Marcin
Published: August 2011

Embedded systems are usually characterized by time-critical reactions and increased complexity. Because it is usually impossible to correct a system bug by simply uploading of a new version of a system software or firmware, a system behavior should be verified in a formal manner. The Alvis approach presented in this paper is able to verify the system behavior, by specifying the border between a developed embedded system and its environment. The means to move the border is then proposed, which allows the designer to create a formal representation for selected parts of a model only.
The Research on the Torque-Tension Relationship for Bolted Joints
Authors: Huang Jun , Guo Lian Shui
Published: August 2011

This paper has proposed an improved formula for the torque-tension relationship of bolted joints with consideration of all forces and moments acting on fasteners. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to analyze and evaluate the relationship. An effective finite element (FE) modeling scheme which considers the helical geometry is developed. Effects of contact radii ratios of the nut bearing surface on the percentages of component torques are investigated. Percentages of component torques are calculated according to present and conventional formula, to compare with FEA results.
Development and Test of a Crash Experimental System of the Level Ejection Type Automobile Bumper
Authors: Yang Rui , Li Jia Qian
Published: August 2011

Based on the analysis of automobile bumper crash, and combined with the features of the bumper absorbing energy, a rig for bumper crash test was developed. The rig has advanced features of small size, wide-range of usage and arbitrary movement. The frontal and side crash can be tested according to different models and materials, and, hence, to provide a viable test method to study the general crash performance and energy absorption situation of the bumper, and reliable test data for investigation of automotive passive safety. In this paper, the structure and design of the rig is presented fist, followed by the working principles of the experiment system and theoretical analysis of the experimental process. An experiment was conducted which proved the successful development of the experimental system.
The Research on Oil-Air Lubrication and Oil Lubrication Used in the Sliding Friction Element
Authors: Li Li Quan , Liu Shao Gang , Wang Jin Li , Cai Lin
Published: August 2011

In order to study the effect of oil-air lubrication on sliding friction element, the experiments between oil-air lubrication and oil lubrication have been done by using friction-abrasion testing machine. By means of measuring the temperature rise, the friction coefficient of two different lubrication systems in the same conditions and studying the temperature rise and the friction coefficient of oil-air lubrication with different oil flow rate at the same load and rotating speed level, the results obtained show that when the oil flow rate of oil- air lubrication is equal to 10ml/h, the temperature rise of the element is the same as submerged lubrication caused. As the effect of oil aeration, the friction coefficient of oil-air lubrication is higher. When the load and rotating speed is at 1500N, 210rpm level, as the oil flow rate increases, the temperature rise and friction coefficient of oil-air lubrication element decreases significantly, however, they remain almost unchanged with the increasing of oil supply while the oil flow rate is increased to 15ml/h.
Structural Research of a New Firing Mechanism for Pneumatic Cannon
Authors: Liu Shao Gang , Liu Gang , Gu Qing Ming , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2011

A firing mechanism with associated pipe for a pneumatic cannon was developed. it can make the pressure of the chamber reach the full pressure immediately in the launching process. The dynamics analysis of the control pin were carried out and kinematics equations of projectile in the launching process were developed. The strength and impact process of the accompanying tube were confirmed by the computation analysis results.
Investigation of Modified Bi-Layered Tube Hydroforming by Pulsating Pressure
Authors: Loh-Mousavi Mohsen , Mirhosseini Amir Masoud , Amirian Ghasem
Published: August 2011

In recent years, tube hydroforming has been applied in automobile and airplane industries, to decrease weight. In general, the determination of internal pressure path is a key factor in improving the formability in tube hydroforming. One of the effective methods in improving the tube hydroforming is using the pulsating internal pressure path. In this research, hydroforming of bi-layered tubes under pulsating pressure in x-shaped die is simulated by means of three dimensional finite element method. Some numerical results were compared with experimental results and show good correlation. Influence of pulsating pressure on the thickness and stress distribution have been also studied. It was shown that pulsating pressure improves the formability in hydroforming of bi-layered tubes via continues and gradual removing returnable wrinkling which is caused by a low pressure in this process. In addition, effect of some key parameters such as friction and die corner filling have been investigated.
The Development of a Novel Control System of Solid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Air Conditioning in Low Carbon Emission Buildings
Authors: Peng Wen Jie , Su Dai Zhong
Published: August 2011

The development of a control system of solid desiccant dehumidifier for air-conditioning is reported in this paper. The system is applied to monitor and control the internal conditions of air-conditioned buildings with a view to reducing carbon emissions. The system provides the following major functions: data acquisition, data processing and decision-making. The data acquisition module is built up within this system based on signal recognition and sensory technology to detect the operating status of the air-conditioned air. The real-time data processing module is implemented using data I/O communication to process received data and to transmit control commands to a controller interface. An experimental investigation was carried out by monitoring and controlling working conditions of the dehumidifier used in the air conditioning. Process control for solid desiccant dehumidification was performed by tuning NI-DAQ controller parameters to regulate humidity, temperature, flow rates, and other conditions of the air condition. Experimental result proves that the system has been successfully developed and applied for controlling/monitoring the operation of solid desiccant dehumidifier for air conditioning.
Initial Intension Analysis of Astromesh Structure of the Astromesh Deployable Antenna
Authors: Luo Ani , Liu He Ping , Zhang Tong Ming , Li Yang
Published: August 2011

The reflector of the astromesh deployable antenna is formed with metallic net fixed on the nodes of its astromesh. The astromesh determines shape of the reflector, so analysis of the astromesh is necessary. With force density method and paraboloid equation, balance equations of the astromesh were set up at first. Length and tension of the cords, coordinates of the nodes and outer forces on the nodes were included in the equations. After the coefficient matrix was transformed, a group of orthogonal normalization basis in its null space was obtained. Solving method of the balance equations was analyzed. After optimized with the genetic algorithm, initial tensions of all cords were obtained finally. The analysis method can make design of the astromesh more rational and reliable.
Surface Strain and Roughness Change of Aluminum Block Ground by Fixed Abrasives
Authors: Han Quan Li , Zhao H.J.
Published: August 2011

This paper aims to investigate the machining characteristics of surface ground by fixed abrasives. Face grinding experiments of aluminum block are done. Different surface in experiment are generated through change of processing time while keeping other experiment parameters unchanged, and those tests of surface strain and roughness of aluminum blocks are conducted. The magnitude of stress and roughness on sample after experiment increases with processing time, which is also fit for the change of the above index parameter between before and after experiment. Larger surface stress of sample on which higher surface roughness is also seen is found in present investigation. The most helpful findings in experiments indict that engineering in workshops will get the method to achieve the product with high performance, when decreasing the surface stress and roughness and extending service life.
First Principle Calculations on Structures and Properties of Diamond-Like B2(CN)3 Compounds
Authors: Li Dong Xu , Yu Dong Li , Lu Jing
Published: August 2011

Diamond-like B-C-N compounds have the excellent potential properties like diamond or cubic boron nitride. In this paper, diamond-like B2(CN)3compound has been studied by first principle calculations. After geometry optimization, hexagonal and monoclinic B2(CN)3models were obtained. According to the band structure and density of state calculated, they are conducting. The relative stability was proved using elastic constants calculated by Born criterion. The monoclinic B2(CN)3is one of hard material with theoretical Vickers hardness 38 GPa.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distributions on the Diamond Pick
Authors: Huang Shu Tao , Zhou Li , Li J.
Published: August 2011

Commercial finite element modeling software ANSYS was used to calculate the stress distributions of diamond pick at different loads. The three-dimension model of the pick was built and the direction and magnitude of load were varied to determine their effect on the stress distributions of diamond pick. The results show that the stresses located on the pick increase with the increasing of the normal and lateral pressure, and if the maximum normal pressure and lateral pressure are not higher than 480 kN and 150 kN, respectively, the diamond pick will not be damaged. The results obtained can provide available data for pick selection, design and performance.
Processing of Lapping Track in Dual Rotated Plates Eccentric Lapping Mode
Authors: Yu Wei , Liu Dun , Yuan Ju Long , Deng Qian Fa , Yao Wei Feng , Jin Chu Yun
Published: August 2011

Dual Rotated Plates (DRP) eccentric lapping mode is developed on the base of traditional eccentric lapping mode for precise balls. Spin angle is an important target of expressing ball rotation in the lapping process. Whether lapping track can uniformly cover the ball surface or not is directly determined by the variation of the spin angle. Applying virtual prototype technology and ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) to simulate the ceramic ball lapping track in DRP eccentric lapping mode. And these results are compared to traditional one. At the same condition, the DRP eccentric lapping mode owns better lapping uniformity than traditional one and it is easy to apply to science for the simplicity of structure and control. The result may offer theoretical basis for high-precision ceramic balls machining.
Study on Machining Process of Lapping for BK7 Glass
Authors: Wang Cheng Yong , Luo Wu Sheng , He C.H. , Song Yue Xian
Published: August 2011

BK7 optical glass is used as the object of study in this paper. The different parameters such as lapping time, load, slurry flow, slurry concentration, abrasive grain sizes, rotating speed effect on surface roughness and material removal volume are studied. Using the way of orthogonal experiments for seeking optimization parameters to gain the smoothness surface and consume the minimum machining time. The empirical formulas of surface roughness and material removal rate are found by orthogonal test.
Finishing of Display Glass for Mobile Electronics Using 4S-4µm 3MTM TrizactTM Diamond Tile Abrasive Pads
Authors: Na T.K. , Zheng L.B.
Published: August 2011

This paper shows the removal rate and lifetime data of glass lapping process using 3M TrizactTM Diamond Tile Abrasive Pads. 3M TrizactTM Diamond Tile Abrasive Pads is a structured fixed abrasive grinding technology developed by 3M Company, it consists of a polymeric binder and diamond composite that is used with a water-based coolant. It can be applied in both single and double side grinding applications. Grinding results of 4S-4 micron grade of TrizactTM Diamond Tile abrasive pads on Corning GorillaTM glass will be presented.
Flow State Analysis on Abrasive Motion of Centrifugal Grinding under Different Working Conditions
Authors: Wang Hao Cheng , Zhang D.L. , Fang X.
Published: August 2011

The flowing behavior on abrasive grains was analyzed by two-phase flow dynamic model when using different duty parameter in planetary lapping. The results show that the duty parameter will affect and control grains flowing behavior in lapping process. Further, it is pointed out that duty parameter is important to enhance productivity. The parameters of design and technology can be optimized economically and efficiently with the method so as to improve working quality.
The Mechanical Polishing Research on the Surface of WC-Co Cemented Carbide Based on ELID Grinding
Authors: Guan Jia Liang , Wu Y.C. , Lu H.W. , Xiao X.H. , Wang W.C.
Published: August 2011

In the paper, the ELID grinding is, first of all, adopted to pre-process the surface of WC-Co cemented carbide, obtaining the precision machined surface, Ra=18nm.Then the mechanical polishing process is implemented. When conducting mechanical polishing, the polishing liquid with W1 diamond grits is used to process the surface about 100 minutes after ELID grinding, aiming to achieve rapid removal. About 100 minutes again, the ultra-precision surface, Ra=4nm, is obtained, by the mechanical polishing ,using the polishing liquid with W0.5 diamond grits .Meanwhile, on the surface roughness effects of abrasive type, grain size, polishing liquid solvents, polishing pressure, polishing machining time and so on, are researched in-depth for the process of mechanical polishing.
Study on the Efficient Processing Technology of Countertop Board with Disc Circular Saw Blades
Authors: Gao Sheng , Zhang Jin Sheng , Wang Zhi , Zhang Zheng Mei , Li T.
Published: August 2011

In the process of cutting Countertop Board with Disc Circular Saw Blades, the intersecting that generated by them was an arc, which would improve the stress state of the blade greatly, therefore the efficiency of processing was improved significantly. However, in the process of cutting, the arc formed by them would be changing with the changing of the cutting depth. For the reason that the appropriate cutting radius of the Disk Circular Saw Blades also would be changing with the changing of the cutting depth. In this document, we can get the relationship between the appropriate cutting radius and the cutting depth, as well as the relationship between the the reasonable cutting radius and the structure and size of the Disc Circular Saw Blades through the theoretical analysis and calculations on the basis of the experiment, which could provide a reliable basis for the efficient and rational use of Disc Circular Saw Blades[1].
Study on Grinding Machinability of Titanium Alloy Using SiC Abrasive
Authors: Guo Guo Giang , Zheng X.H. , Liu Z.Q. , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: August 2011

Experimental results of Ti-6-2-4-2S, Ti-6-4 and Ti-5-5-5-1-1 are detailed in this paper with conventional surface grinding using SiC abrasive under dry conditions. Measurements of grinding forces, surface topography and metallurgical structure of ground surface were taken to investigate the grinding mechanism of these materials. The results showed grinding force ratios to these materials were between 1.35 to 2.25 at all material remove rates, but the specific energy to Ti-5-5-5-1-1 and Ti-6-2-4-2S were little higher than Ti-6-4. Evaluation of ground surface topography indicated they were visually free of crack and burn. At the same grinding parameters, Ti-5-5-5-1-1 had the maximum depth of heat-affected zone because of its poor high temperature properties.
Development of a Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Machining Technology with Tool Vibration
Authors: Wang Zhen Zhong , Guo Yin Biao , Wu Yong Bo
Published: August 2011

As the reliable technology, ultrasonic assisted machining is widely used for brittle materials. This paper provides a two-dimensional(2D) ultrasonic vibration assisted machining technology with tool vibration using elliptical vibrator with longitudinal mode and bending mode, and set up the experiment device. Si wafer is taken as the workpiece, and single point cutting experiments for micro groove are investigated. For the further application, the ultrasonic assisted polishing experiment with wheel block is executed. Experimental results indicate that ultrasonic assisted cutting with tool vibration can improve the cutting performance and enhance the ductile removal. And the ultrasonic assisted polishing with whetstone piece makes the better surface roughness and higher material removal rate.
Research on the Mechanism of Coordinate Polishing Crankshaft Crankpin with Abrasive Belt
Authors: Zhang M. , Huang Yun , Zhang L.
Published: August 2011

Under the conditions of crankshaft uniform rotation, the schematic diagram of coordinate polishing crankpin was analyzed and found that the grinding time and speech changed, when the abrasive grinded crankpin. At the same time, the surface roughness was the relevant with the grinding time, grinding for a long time the roughness value was low, grinding time was short then the roughness value was high. In order to ensure that the surface roughness was homogeneity, so that the abrasive grinded the grinding point in the same time, in other words, the abrasive grinded crankpin in the constant velocity. And then the abrasive grinding crankpin was analyzed in the constant velocity, the crankshaft angle was draw the relationship between horizontal displacement and the swing angle. Simultaneity, adopted the level cylinder and the oscillating cylinder mutual moving, that resulted in the mechanism following the rotation of crankshaft back and forth movement, it was due to the weight of mechanism and the lag of the cylinder, and finally the mechanism of lag error was analyzed.
The Experimental Investigation of Stone Wear in Honing
Authors: Wang Qian , Feng Qiang , Li Q.F. , Ren Cheng Zu
Published: August 2011

Honing is a finishing method by means of rotary motion and alternate motion between the honing stones assembled on the honing head and the workpiece. In honing process, the honing stone status is varying all the time and plays important role in cutting property. This paper analyzes the wear mechanism and the cutting property by cylindrical honing experiments. The wear mechanism is analyzed by the topography obtained by a microscope and the cutting property was investigated by two factors: material removal rate and honing force.
The Vibration Detection System of CNC Machine Tools and the Application of Spindle Test
Authors: Wu Yu Hou , Rao Liang Wu , Zhao De Hong , Zhang K.
Published: August 2011

This paper introduces the composition of CNC machine tools and the classification of vibration. Based on the method of vibration diagnosis and the sensors, data acquisition instrument and signal analysis software produced by China Orient Institute, self-designed a high precise and portable vibration detection system. By this system, we can detect the engraving spindle of the shaped stone CNC machining center which own school developed, and analyze the possible causes of vibration. Figures out that the detection system is an effective testing equipment for quickly identifying the vibration source of machine tools. It plays an important role in providing the basis for structural dynamic design, guaranteeing the machining accuracy and improving the machine’s service life.
Study of the Floor Typed Abrasive Water Jet Spatial Machining Robot
Authors: Hou Rong Guo , Huang Chuan Zhen , Zhu H.T. , Liu H.L. , Zou B.
Published: August 2011

A floor typed spatial robot of abrasive water jet machining is designed, which can be applied to machine three-dimensional complicated work-pieces. Its merits are simple structure and flexible moving. The structure and transmission programmer are discussed in detail. The working range of the abrasive water jet robot is analyzed to meet the need of the various sized work-pieces. The motion of the each joint is realized by means of various transmission programmers. The precise movement of the robot is realized by the stepping motor, and the required power of the robot is calculated.
A Study on the Manufacturing System of the Axes Linked Ultra-Precision Grinding of Aspheric Surface
Authors: Li Li Jun , Jiang Y. , Zhang Fei Hu
Published: August 2011

The manufacturing system developed in this paper is mainly used for the ultra-precision grinding of the hard-cutting materials, such as high strength steel and carbonized tungsten, which are characteristics with axisymmetric aspheric surface. Under the priority of accuracy and grinding rigidity to design the key components of multi-axis linked parallel grinding system of aspheric surface, such as high speed grinding spindle, B axis grinding rotary table, clamps and center high adjusting system. Maximum speed of the grinding spindle is 90,000rpm, spindle rotating accuracy is 0.1μm, rotation-angle-accuracy of B axis is , center height adjusting accuracy is 0.1μm, using the system can realize parallel grinding of aspheric surface[1].
Numerical Modeling of Post-Processing of Composite Materials
Authors: Soldani X. , Santiuste C. , Loya J.A. , Miguélez H.
Published: August 2011

This paper focuses on learning about post-processing of composite materials in the current context of Manufacturing Engineering education in Spain. The use of composites has been significantly increased in different sectors in industry during the last decades. The students,taking manufacturing courses in engineering study plans, need basic formation concerning post-processing of composites. Due to the complexity of the process, powerful numerical tools are needed to develop practical models focused on damage prediction. Learning skills include modeling of anisotropic materials and specific concepts of composite such as machining induced damage.
Development of a Fused Magnesium Chloride Containing Refining Flux Based on a Ternary System
Authors: Courtenay John H.
Published: August 2011

The costs of salt flux treatment have received a strong industry focus as solid flux addition has replaced the usage of Chlorine for alkali and inclusion reduction. The magnesium chloride component has historically had the higher cost incidence but since 2008 the potassium chloride component because of its role as feedstock of fertilizer production has been subject to large commodity price driven fluctuations and rose 350% in 200 – 2009. As demand for world food production and bio fuels increases as the global economy recovers further price rises can be anticipated. A programme of work and field results are presented on the development of an alternative flux system based on a ternary composition.
Surfactant-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized 2H-MoS2
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Xin , Feng Yu Li , Xu Bo , Guo Yan Hui
Published: August 2011

Nano-sized molybdenum disulfide has been prepared by hydrothermal method via surfactant and ultrasonic assistance, using sodium molybdate and thiourea as reagents. The as-synthesized MoS2 samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM); the effects of addition of CTAB on reaction process and resulted particles have been investigated in detail. It has been shown that the addition of CTAB can not only prevent the agglomeration of the particles, but regulate their morphologies and phase compositions. The resulting 2H-MoS2 with hexagonal phase and average size of 10-20nm can be directly obtained at low hydrothermal temperature needless of high-temperature sintering and inert gas protection.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Powder and its Conversion to Dense Bodies
Authors: Adzila Sharifah , Sopyan Iis , Bin Abd Shukor Mohd Hamdi , Singh Ramesh
Published: August 2011

In this work, nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was synthesized via mechanochemical method by a dry mixture of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 powders. The effect of mechanochemical process on powder properties was investigated. Three rotation speeds of 170 rpm, 270 rpm and 370 rpm were chose with 15 hours milling time respectively. Characterization of nanopowders was accomplished by Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanosizer analysis. The green compacted powders with 200 MPa isostatically pressed were prepared and sintered in atmosphere condition at various temperatures ranging from 1150oC - 1350oC. The results showed that the rotation speed affected the obtained powders where the crystallite size was found increased with rotation speed (9 – 21 nm). In contrast, the particle size distribution decreased with rotation speed (322-192 nm). The sintering process has influenced the stability of powder by yielding TCP phase at a lower sintering temperature, 1150oC. However, powder synthesized at 370 rpm has showed a significant hardness, 5.3 GPa after compacted and sintered at 1250oC with the relative density of 95%. This phenomenon is believed to be related with the nanosize powder synthesized at high speed which has contributes the high strength of the sintered bodies.
Synthesis of Spherical Assembly Composed of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles and its Adsorption Behavior for Alizarin Red in Water
Authors: Yang Ming , Sun Qian , Zhao Chen Fei , Sheng Xin Xin
Published: August 2011

Spherical assembly composed of Mn3O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 400-600 nm have been prepared by a simple reactions between Ba(MnO4)2, H2SO4 and MnSO4 and thermal decomposition at 580 °C. The product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption performance of spherical assembly composed of Mn3O4 for alizarin red was investigated. The adsorbent showed high efficiency for the removal of alizarin red in water. The equilibrium of adsorption was achieved within 8 min. The isotherm adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 32.8 mg g-1.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Porous α-Fe2O3 Nanorods
Authors: Wang Yan , Cao Jian Liang , Sun Guang , Zhang Zhan Ying
Published: August 2011

Porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanorods were characterized by powder X-ray diffracton (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and N2-sorption analysis. XRD studies ind icated that the as-prepared product was well-crystallized hematite phase of α-Fe2O3. The SEM and TEM images showed that the obtained α-Fe2O3 sample consisted of porous nanorods with the length of about 200 nm and diameter of about 50 nm. N2-sorption analysis indicated that the as-prepared sample possess mesoporous structure and high surface area (255.2 m2•g-1).
Preparation, Characterization and Oxygen Gas Sensitivity of Nanosolid Superacid SO42-/ LaCoFeO4
Authors: Lin De Juan , Shen Shui Fa , Wang Qing Hua , Wang Lin Jie , Chen Nai Sheng , Huang Jin Ling
Published: August 2011

Metal oxides have been applied in gas sensor technology while suffering poor sensitivity and high working temperature. In this work, a novel method has been adopted to improve these problems of the sensors. A mixture of Fe3+, La3+, Co2+ (Fe3+: La3+: Co2+ =10:3:1) and dispersing agent in water solution was precipitated by adding NH4+(pH=9) under agitation. The precipitate was filtered, washed and drying, then immersed with 0.5M (NH4)2SO4 in 12hr. Superacid SO42-/ LaCoFeO4 was prepared after calcined at 673K for 1h. The thick film units for oxygen sensor were dintered at 673K for 3h.The structure of this catalyst has been characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and specific surface area measurements. The result indicated that the SO42-/ LaCoFeO4 grain sizes (10nm) were smaller and the specific surface area (126M2/g ) was higher than the pure metal oxide LaCoFeO4. The acid strength was measured by the model reaction of ethyl acetate synthesis and attributed as superacid. In addition, the SO42- was combined with metal ions in a bidentate fashion. The binding energy of SO42-/ LaCoFeO4 was larger than that of LaCoFeO4. The sensitivity as well as the working temperature is improved by comparison with the pure LaCoFeO4 phase. The relationship between the oxygen sensing properties and structure has also been discussed.
Effects of Deposition Temperatures on the Nanoflakes Co(OH)2 Porous Films for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Zhan Jun , Wang Bin Bin , Liao Rong Bao , Cui Yu Min
Published: August 2011

Nanoflakes Co(OH)2 porous films were successfully synthesized by a facile electrochemical technique. The morphology was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostaitc charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the effects of deposition temperatures on the capacitance of the films. The results exhibited that the Co(OH)2 films single electrode had high specific capacitance in KOH electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 2780 F/g could be achieved for the Co(OH)2 film deposited at 50°C in 2 M aqueous KOH with 0 to 0.4V potential at a charge-discharge current density of 4 mA/cm2. Therefore, the obtained nanoflakes Co(OH)2 porous films can be a potential application electrode material for supercapacitors.
Preparation and Hardness Behavior of Al-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Composite Coatings on Mg Alloy Prepared by High Velocity Arc Spraying Process
Authors: Zhang Zhi Bin , Liang Xiu Bing , Chen Yong Xiong , Xu Bin Shi
Published: August 2011

High velocity arc spraying (HVAS) process was used to deposit Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings onto AZ91 Mg alloy substrate. Their microstructure was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coatings are both about 500 μm in thickness with fully dense and low porosity. The microstructure of the coatings is classified into two regions, namely, a full amorphous phase region and homogeneous dispersion of fcc-Al and some intermetallic nanoscale particles in a residual amorphous matrix region. Vickers micro hardness of the coatings was also measured. The average Vickers micro hardness of Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe coating is about 311 HV and 340 HV, respectively.
Surface Nanocrystallization of U70 Rail Steel Treated by Ultrasonic Impact
Authors: He Bo Lin , Yu Ying Xia , Chen Zhao Xia , Liu Jing
Published: August 2011

The ultrasonic impact treatment on U70 raill steel was carried out under different technology by using HJ-II ultrasonic impact machine. The electric current was 1.5 A, the amplitude was 24 µm and the impact frequency was 10000 HZ during the treatment, the peening duration was 60 min. The influence of impact on microstructure was observed with the scanning electron microscope of 6360LA type and high resolution transmission electron microscope of JEM-2100 type, and the hardness of impacted surface was also researched before and after impact treatment. The wear resistance was tested by using M-2000 type wearing machine. The experimental results indicate that the surface strength of rail steel can be improved evidently by using ultrasonic impact treatment. The surface microstructure of the rail steel could be refined to nanoscale and the hardness and wear resistance of impact layer were significantly improved through the ultrasonic impact technology. Compared to the specimen without treatment, its surface hardness was increased 26.4%, and the wear resistance was increased 40.63%. The depth of plastic deformation zones of the specimen with 60 min treatment is nearly 100µm. In the plastic deformation zone, ferrite is refined to nanoscale grains so that the matrix is strengthened.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Leaf-Like Boehmite Nanosheets: Transformation from Irregular to Regular Morphology
Authors: Yang Jun Xiao , Ma Jia Jun , Huang Ya Wen
Published: August 2011

Uniform and monodisperse boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanosheets with a thickness of less than 20 nm have been prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of amorphous boehmite. XRD and FTIR analysis showed that boehmite nanosheets have uniform and high degree of crystallinity. SEM micrographs indicated that boehmite has a leaf-like morphology with high anisotropy (with a length of 0.25～1 m and a width of 50～100 nm).
Pressureless Sintering of Electro-Conductive Zirconia Composites
Authors: Amiriyan Mahdi , Ramesh Singh , Sopyan Iis , Satgunam Meenaloshini , Tolouei Ranna , Teng Wan Dung
Published: August 2011

In the present work, 3 mol% Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) composite containing 25 wt.% of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) was prepared via pressureless sintering method in an inert atmosphere over the temperature range of 1350-1550°C for one hour. The effect of zirconium diboride content in the zirconia matrix, as well as the sintering temperature on densification, phase stability and electrical properties of sintered samples have been studied. The results revealed that there was a significant increased in electrical conductivity of sintered samples when 25 wt.% of ZrB2 is incorporated into Y-TZP matrix.
Growth Mechanism and Optical Properties of Bundle-Like ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by a Sonochemical Method
Authors: Cui Shi Cai , Pu Xi Peng , Zhang Da Feng , Qian Xian Hua , Gao Yan Yan
Published: August 2011

Bundle-like ZnO nanostructure was rapidly synthesized by a sonochemical method at 70 °C, using zinc nitrate, citric acid, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide as reactants. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. The bundle-like nanostructure was formed by the anisotropic growth of the ball-like nanostructure. The room-temperature PL spectrum of the bundle-like nanostructure exhibits a weak ultraviolet emission band and a strong visible emission.
A Convenient Method for Synthesis of Nano-Titania Thin Films from Aqueous TiO2 Precursor Sols
Authors: Liang Wen Dong , Wang Xian Kun , Yang Yong Ping
Published: August 2011

Anatase TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by dip-coating method with TiCl4 as the Ti precursor hydrolysis in a mixed solvent of alcohol and water. The effects of preparation parameters such as the alcohol species, the alcohol/water (A/W) ratio, and the dosage of TiCl4 (the volume ratio of TiCl4 and mixed solution) were investigated. The best preparation condition was optimized that with the isopropanol / H2O volume ratio of 65:35, the dosage of TiCl4 at 3%. XRD, SEM, TEM and UV–Vis photospectroscopy were used to analyze the characteristics of the solution and films. The films have a high hydrophilicity after illuminating with ultraviolet light, it have a good adherence and can be used as an efficient photocatalyst.
Using Segment Number Parameter of Piecewise Linear Chaotic Map Construct Novel Hash Scheme
Authors: Wei Peng Cheng , Huang Jun Jian
Published: August 2011

A novel keyed Hash function is presented based on the dynamic S-boxes. The proposed approach can give a chaotic Hash value by means of the lookup table of functions and chaotic dynamic S-box. Compared with the existing chaotic Hash functions, this method improves computational performance of Hash system by using the chaotic S-box substitution. Theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method has not only strong one way property, sensitivity to initial conditions and chaotic system’s parameters, but also high speed.
A Micro Triggered Spark Gap Switch with Three Electrodes
Authors: Shen Hui , Ding Gui Fu , Zhou Zhen Wei , Yang Zhuo Qing , Cui Xue Mei
Published: August 2011

A planar micro triggered spark gap switch with three electrodes was designed and fabricated based on non-silicon surface micromachining technology. It consists of two main electrodes, the shape of which is semicircle, and a triggering electrode which is a thin strip. The gap distance between two main electrodes is 800μm. Benefitting from MEMS technology, the switch is integratable and its cost has the potential to be reduced. The designed switch has been optimized and tested. It gives out a pulse current with peak of 5165.21A and 129.6ns rise time. The test data has an agreement with the simulation results.
Study on Photo-Catalytic Properties of Nano-TiO2/Anthraquinone in a Sandwich-Type Bipolar Membrane
Authors: Ren Yu Xi , Chen Qiang , Lin Jin Huo , Chen Zhen
Published: August 2011

A sandwich-type bipolar membrane (BPM) was prepared by a paste method, consisted of an anionic layer, a cationic layer and a catalytic intermediate layer. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) were modified by Fe3+ and glutaraldehyde respectively to prepare the mCMC/mCS BPM. Semiconductor photocatalyst combined with photosensitizes was applied to improve the water dissociation at the intermediate layer of the bipolar membrane, using nanometer-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst and anthraquinone (Anth) as a photosensitize. The impedance of bipolar membrane and the performance of hydrolysis influenced by the composite catalytic center were studied. The sandwich-type BPM exhibited several good properties, such as higher efficiency for the water splitting at the intermediate layer, protons and hydroxyl ions permeabilities, higher operational current density as well as lower impedance and potential drop. Under the UV illumination, the corresponding voltage reached as low as 5.0V when the operational current density was 125mA/cm2.