bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las dinámicas del voto retrospectivo en España (1996-2017)
Authors: Alaminos Antonio , Alaminos-Fernández Paloma
Published: February 2018

Tras introducir brevemente algunos conceptos explicativos del voto desde el punto de vista de su influencia a largo, medio y corto plazo, se efectúa un análisis desde el enfoque del modelo de voto retrospectivo. Se analizan cuatro series del banco de datos del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, con la valoración de la gestión/actuación del Partido Popular y del Partido Socialista Obrero Español, así como las series de intención de voto a los dos partidos. Del análisis se concluye la estrecha relación existente entre la valoración de la gestión/actuación de ambos partidos con su intención de voto. Las tendencias de declive observadas en la confianza en la gestión/actuación de los dos partidos anticipaban el escenario de crisis del bipartidismo de 2015, sugiriendo su incorporación como elemento de su «imagen de partido». Así mismo, considerando las dinámicas para los dos partidos, se observa la anomalía que, dentro de la pauta general, representan las elecciones generales de 2004 y 2011. Como estrategia de control de la falacia ecológica de los agregados, se ha efectuado un control en cinco años (1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 y 2017) analizando los microdatos para establecer la relación entre valoración de la gestión/actuación del partido y su intención de voto en la unidad de análisis individual.After briefly introducing some of the explanatory concepts of voting from the point of view of its influence in the long, medium and short term, an analysis is made from the retrospective voting model approach. For the Spanish case, four series of the Centre for Sociological Research database are analysed, with the assessment of the management/performance of the Popular Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party, as well as the series of voting intention to the two political parties. The analysis concludes the close relationship between the assessment of the management/performance of both political parties with their voting intention. The trends of decline observed in the trust in management/ performance of the two parties anticipated the bipartisan crisis scenario of 2015. Furthermore, considering the dynamics for the two parties, we observe the anomaly that, within the general pattern, represents the general elections of 2004 and 2011. As a strategy to control the ecological fallacy of the aggregates, an analysis has been carried out in five years (1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017) studying the microdata to establish the relationship between management/performance valuation of the party and the voting intention at an individual level.
The Fine Art of Teaching Functions
Authors: Davis Anna A. , Joswick Candace
Published: February 2018

Using the input/output definition, accurate renderings of objects in perspective are generated, and the inverse used to create anamorphic art.
Picturing Infinite Fraction Sums
Authors: Perkins Annie , Pettis Christy
Published: February 2018

To elicit creative student thinking, this open-ended problem asks solvers to analyze fractions.
Abacus Interactive
Authors: Robinson Ellen , Cui Xiaowen , Namakshi Nama , Warshauer Hiroko K. , Bhattacharyya Sonalee , Koehne Christina
Published: February 2018

Calculators are often efficient in finding the answer to an addition or subtraction problem, but they do not reveal the process by which the answer is obtained. Developing students' fluency in addition and subtraction using strategies and algorithms based on place value, composing and decomposing numbers in base 10, and reading and writing numerals in expanded form are important teaching and learning standards not only for the elementary grades but for middle school students as well (NCTM 2000; CCSSI 2010; TEA 2015). We introduced the Chinese abacus to our students as a hands-on tool to illuminate the meaning of a number in expanded form in terms of place values and to strengthen students' conceptual understanding of the standard algorithms of addition and subtraction. “Students' understanding of the base 10 number system is deepened as they come to understand its multiplicative structure” (NCTM 2000, p. 143). This activity will let students explore the mathematical properties of the base 10 system in a creative and interactive way. Students develop a deeper meaning of why the standard algorithms work and how they relate to a number in expanded form. This activity is best suited for elementary and middle grades.
Camping
Authors: Cox Teodora , Nickerson Samantha
Published: February 2018

Camping is a popular family activity in the United States and around the world. From camping prep to set up and favorite activities in the water or around the fire, recollections of family camping trips are etched in the memories of many students and grown up alike. Revisit some of these favorites or get ideas for new memories with the myriad problems in this collection. Math by the Month features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6.
Technological Dimensions of Nearly ZEB Design: Evolving toward a Nearly Zero Energy Oriented Landscape
Authors: Angelucci Filippo
Published: February 2018

Today, the implementation framework of Zero Energy Building strategies is characterised by a complex transitional phase. In fact, it is still difficult to achieve completely autonomous buildings, disconnected from any power-supply network.Despite the negative impact of climate-change and the progressive loss of non-renewable resources on our lifestyles, the global economic-financial crisis, local cultural-technological barriers, and the cost/complexity of design processes keep investment in this area unattractive.However, there is an intermediate approach that can facilitate a gradual re-direction of building actions through the ZEB logic. It can be identified in the alternative of Near Zero Energy Building (Nearly ZEB or Near Net ZEB).The Nearly ZEB approach, with its multiplicity of design aspects (i.e. cognitive, analytical, technical, and managerial) may configure a widespread state of progressive transition towards the architectural/inhabitable constructions sought by the 20-20-20 logic, at the scale of the building, the city, and the landscape.These constructions have lower emissions, produce more energy from renewable sources, consume less non-renewable energy, and can â€œalsoâ€ reach the objective of total energy autonomy (ZEB) or Plus Energy.A twofold operating scenario emerges from this point of view. It is centred on the technological dimensions of designing a Nearly Zero Energy living space by overcoming the traditional concept of a building as a single object.On the one hand, there is a need for a greater interaction between technological innovations and inhabitable spaces, in a trans-scalar key; design becomes an open process of technological-environmental modifications that addresses the transition towards the status of ZEB.On the another hand, it becomes fundamental that the relationship between interior and exterior space, both public and private, is increasingly focused on the design of interface-systems in order to harmonise three new levels of relations (city-building, city-land, and building-land) and to configure a Nearly Zero Energy Oriented Landscape.These aspects emerge from the contributions presented in this special issue on The Technological Dimensions of Nearly Zero Energy Building Design and will be addressed in this essay.
Form follows Zero Energy: Technological Design for Sustainable Housing in Extreme Climate Areas
Authors: Antonio Di Sivo Michele Basti , Daniela Ladiana , Cristiana Cellucci
Published: February 2018

Hot and humid Extreme Climate Areas, like the United Arab Emirates, pose unique challenges for architects and engineers seeking innovative technologies for energy and environmental efficient building designs; at the same time, these regions are characterized by an innovative spirit that pushes to develop and implement projects to test renewable building technologies and solutions.
The research team, which includes the Engineering faculty of The British University in Dubai, is working to develop design strategies that contribute to implementing low-energy and off-grid architecture in the UAE. The goal is to design a home balancing human comfort and efficient energy use, and to respond to the site's climatic and contextual variables. The research aims to design a water-conserving, net-zero energy single-family home that can be used as a prototype for new building developments in this area. The approach developed toward an energy-efficient design process includes both traditional bioclimatic elements and high-performance active technological systems. The experimental design process also aims to reduce the building's environmental impact while creating a comfortable and responsive living environment. In this way, efficient water use and renewable energy features can be aesthetically, economically and culturally integrated into the home's architecture to improve its residents' quality of life. The house design responds to the climate challenges and complements active systems reducing energy use and associated carbon emissions. At the same time, it aims to contribute to the development of appropriate architecture, a starting point for simple architectural expression in the UAE.
TECHNICAL STAFF TRAINING IN ULTRASONIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING USING VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: VERGARA RODRIGUEZ DIEGO , RODRIGUEZ MARTIN MANUEL , RUBIO CAVERO MANUEL PABLO , FERRER MARIN JESUS , NUÑEZ GARCIA FRANCISCO JAVIER , MORALEJO COBO LUISA
Published: February 2018

The training process in ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques is usually developed in highly specialized environments, which are not easy to access. The complexity of the application of the data collection protocol in the UT and the interpretation of the results, makes the development of new training methods suitable. Thus, a systematic design methodology is presented in this paper, which is based on digital animation techniques and videogame design (virtual reality). The aim of this proposal is to reinforce the training of non-destructive testing (NDT) technicians, while at the same time the cost are reduced and the efficiency of training process is increased. The proposed design allows the generation of ad-hoc environments for different training purposes in NDT. This way, the whole strategy is presented in this paper, as well as the method applied for generating a UT virtual laboratory of low computational cost that allows user a total interaction. In addition, this virtual laboratory involves a hybridization with the purely theoretical contents of training and presents the possibility of being implemented in in e-learning platforms.

Key words: Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), Ultrasonic testing (UT), Virtual Reality, Systematic Design, Virtual Laboratories.
ASSESSMENT OF A NEW PORTLAND CEMENT COMPONENT: GROUND COAL BOTTOM ASH
Authors: SANJUAN BARBUDO MIGUEL ANGEL , MENENDEZ MENDEZ ESPERANZA , ARGIZ LUCIO CRISTINA
Published: February 2018

Coal bottom ash is produced in electrical power stations as result of the coal combustion. Because coal fly ash and coal bottom ash are formed together in the same boiler, similar chemical and mineralogical composition is expected. The size and shape of these ashes is very different, and then, its effect on the performance must be studied. In order to get a similar grain size to that of the coal fly ash, the coal bottom ash was ground.
Cement-based products are the main construction materials which manufacture requires the use of significant natural raw materials and energy. These manufacturing processes result in several types of emissions. In particular, the cement industry is under pressure to reduce CO2 emissions and some studies have shown different measures to reach CO2 reduction. For instance, reducing the clinker/cement factor will lead to a clear CO2 emission reduction. In this work, ground coal bottom ash is investigated to know its viability of being used as a new Portland cement constituent. Then, it is studied from a mechanical and durability point of view to evaluate the potential use of the coal bottom ash as an innovative binder. Ground coal bottom ash and fly ash mortars were more carbonated and exhibited a lower compressive strength than the reference mortars, but similar to each other.

Keywords: coal bottom ash, Portland cement, Compressive strength, Durability
ANALYSIS OF GOTHIC SQUINCH TRACING METHODS THROUGH TWO HISTORICAL CASES
Authors: GIL LOPEZ TOMAS , VERDU VAZQUEZ AMPARO , LOPEZ ZALDIVAR OSCAR , LOZANO DIEZ RAFAEL VICENTE
Published: February 2018

This study aims to study the tracing methods of the ribbed squinches. This typology usually appears to cover spaces of square plan by octagonal plan ribbed vaults, a very common typology in Gothic architecture (chapter houses, funerary chapels and domes, …). For this purpose, two representative cases have been analyzed, with a very similar tracing but different scale: the Chapter House at Valencia Cathedral and the Sala dei Baroni at Castel Nuovo in Naples. The ensuing results left no doubt as to the efficacy of the newly discovered tracing methods and the standardisation of their construction. These results are not only applicable in the renovation of objects of artistic interest but also to prevent any damage to the Cultural Heritage.

Key words: Gothic architecture, tracing methods, ribbed squinch, renovation, Valencia Cathedral / Castel Nuovo.
MANAGEMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY FRAMEWORK
Authors: HIDALGO BARRIO MARIA DOLORES , MARTIN MARROQUIN JESUS MARIA , CORONA ENCINAS FRANCISCO
Published: February 2018

Homes, agriculture and industry generate large quantities of biodegradable waste products that, when managed improperly, can cause enormous environmental impacts. The reuse of these wastes, which are currently often disposed of as residues, is one of the key principles of the EU's December 2015 Circular Economy package, which involves moving away from the traditional linear economy model and replacing it with a new model of society involved in using and optimising raw materials and material resource flows.
Transcriptome analysis of Valsa mali reveals its response mechanism to the biocontrol actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015
Authors: Liu Cong , Fan Dongying , Li Yanfang , Chen Yue , Huang Lili , Yan Xia
Published: February 2018

Apple canker is a devastating branch disease caused by Valsa mali (Vm). The endophytic actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 (Sy Hhs.015) can effectively inhibit the growth of Vm. To reveal the mechanism, by which Vm respond to Sy Hhs.015, the transcriptome of Vm was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. Compared with the control group, 1476 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the treatment group, of which 851 genes were up-regulated and 625 genes were down-regulated. Combined gene function and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that Sy Hhs.015 affected the carbohydrate metabolic pathway, which is utilized by Vm for energy production. Approximately 82% of the glycoside hydrolase genes were down-regulated, including three pectinase genes (PGs), which are key pathogenic factors. The cell wall structure of Vm was disrupted by Sy Hhs.015 and cell wall-related genes were found to be down-regulated. Of the peroxisome associated genes, those encoding catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as those encoding AMACR and ACAA1 which are related to the β-oxidation of fatty acids, were down-regulated. MS and ICL, key genes in glyoxylate cycle, were also down-regulated. In response to the stress of Sy Hhs.015 exposure, Vm increased amino acid metabolism to synthesize the required nitrogenous compounds, while alpha-keto acids, which involved in the TCA cycle, could be used to produce energy by deamination or transamination. Retinol dehydrogenase, associated with cell wall dextran synthesis, and sterol 24-C-methyltransferase, related to cell membrane ergosterol synthesis, were up-regulated. The genes encoding glutathione S-transferase, (GST), which has antioxidant activity and ABC transporters which have an efflux function, were also up-regulated. These results show that the response of Vm to Sy Hhs.015 exposure is a complicated and highly regulated process, and provide a theoretical basis for both clarifying the biocontrol mechanism of Sy Hhs.015 and the response of Vm to stress.
Shorter cortical adaptation in dyslexia is broadly distributed in the superior temporal lobe and includes the primary auditory cortex
Authors: Jaffe-Dax Sagi , Kimel Eva , Ahissar Merav
Published: February 2018

Studies of the performance of individuals with dyslexia in perceptual tasks suggest that their implicit inference of sound statistics is impaired. Previously, using two-tone frequency discrimination, we found that the effect of previous trials' frequencies on the judgments of individuals with dyslexia decays faster than the effect on controls' judgments, and that the adaptation (decrease of neural response to repeated stimuli) of their ERP responses to tones is shorter (Jaffe-Dax et al., 2017). Here, we show the cortical distribution of these abnormal dynamics of adaptation using fast-acquisition fMRI. We find that faster decay of adaptation in dyslexia is widespread, although the most significant effects are found in the left superior temporal lobe, including the auditory cortex. This broad distribution suggests that the faster decay of implicit memory of individuals with dyslexia is a general characteristic of their cortical dynamics, which also affects sensory cortices.
Intraspecific functional and genetic diversity ofPetriella setifera
Authors: Pertile Giorgia , Panek Jacek , Oszust Karolina , Siczek Anna , Frąc Magdalena
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was an analysis of the intraspecific genetic and functional diversity of the new isolated fungal strains ofP. setifera. This is the first report concerning the genetic and metabolic diversity ofPetriella setiferastrains isolated from industrial compost and the first description of a protocol for AFLP fingerprinting analysis optimised for these fungal species. The results showed a significant degree of variability among the isolates, which was demonstrated by the clearly subdivision of all the isolates into two clusters with 51% and 62% similarity, respectively. For the metabolic diversity, the BIOLOG system was used and this analysis revealed clearly different patterns of carbon substrates utilization between the isolates resulting in a clear separation of the five isolates into three clusters with 0%, 42% and 54% of similarity, respectively. These results suggest that genetic diversity does not always match the level of functional diversity, which may be useful in discovering the importance of this fungus to ecosystem functioning. The results indicated thatP. setiferastrains were able to degrade substrates produced in the degradation of hemicellulose (D-Arabinose, L-Arabinose, D-Glucuronic Acid, Xylitol, γ-Amino-Butyric Acid, D-Mannose, D-Xylose and L-Rhamnose), cellulose (α-D-Glucose and D-Cellobiose) and the synthesis of lignin (Quinic Acid) at a high level, showing their importance in ecosystem services as a decomposer of carbon compounds and as organisms, which make a significant contribution to carbon cycling in the ecosystem.The results showed for the first time that the use of molecular biology techniques (such as AFLP and BIOLOG analyses) may allow for the identification of intraspecific diversity of as yet poorly investigated fungal species with favourable consequences for our understanding their ecosystem function.
О нормах проектирования зданий и сооружений в цунамиопасных районах, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Клячко М. А.
Published: February 2018

Описывается история проблемы нормирования цунамибезопасности морских побережий РФ, подверженных воздействию цунами. Свод правил «Здания и сооружения в цунамиопасных районах. Правила проектирования» разработан рабочей группой АНО «Региональный альянс для анализа и уменьшения бедствий» по поручению Президента РФ от 18.05.2015 г. и соответствующих постановлений Правительства РФ от 28.09.2015 г. и от 04.08.2016 г. и состоит из 12 разделов и 7 приложений. Впервые разработанный свод правил следует применять при проектировании новых и реконструкции эксплуатируемых прибрежных и береговых зданий и сооружений с целью обеспечения их нормируемой надежности и безопасности при воздействии цунами. Введены новые базовые термины и определения, которые унифицированы и увязаны с терминологией, используемой океанологами и специалистами МЧС. Излагаются концептуальные подходы, условия, допущения и договоренности, принятые в качестве базовых. Большое внимание уделяется требованиям, предъявляемым к исходным данным, необходимым для проектирования, и особенно к заданию опасности цунами, что допускается выполнять различными способами. Цунамиопасные территории классифицированы по интенсивности расчетного цунами, близости к очагу цунамигенного землетрясения, возможности эвакуировать людей и по другим параметрам, а строительные сооружения - по их ответственности, значимости для жизнеобеспечения и управления ЧС. Подробно описываются особенности расчета цунамистойкости и работоспособности зданий и сооружений, обеспечивающих жизнедеятельность и необходимых для предотвращения вторичных опасностей. Подчеркивается, что главной задачей цунамибезопасности является минимизация индивидуального риска, связанного с жизнью и здоровьем людей. Поэтому цунамиопасная территория в целом, а не отдельные здания является ключевым объектом стандартизации. Представлены градостроительные аспекты управления цунами-риском. Использованные методика, математический аппарат для анализа и контроля цунами-риска хорошо апробированы ранее для обеспечения сейсмической безопасности.
Basal Settings Control Fast Ice Flow in the Recovery/Slessor/Bailey Region, East Antarctica
Authors: Diez Anja , Matsuoka Kenichi , Ferraccioli Fausto , Jordan Tom A. , Corr Hugh F. , Kohler Jack , Olesen Arne V. , Forsberg René
Published: February 2018

The region of Recovery Glacier, Slessor Glacier, and Bailey Ice Stream, East Antarctica, has remained poorly explored, despite representing the largest potential contributor to future global sea level rise on a centennial to millennial time scale. Here we use new airborne radar data to improve knowledge about the bed topography and investigate controls of fast ice flow. Recovery Glacier is underlain by an 800 km long trough. Its fast flow is controlled by subglacial water in its upstream and topography in its downstream region. Fast flow of Slessor Glacier is controlled by the presence of subglacial water on a rough crystalline bed. Past ice flow of adjacent Recovery and Slessor Glaciers was likely connected via the newly discovered Recovery‐Slessor Gate. Changes in direction and speed of past fast flow likely occurred for upstream parts of Recovery Glacier and between Slessor Glacier and Bailey Ice Stream. Similar changes could also reoccur here in the future.
Cohesion‐Induced Stabilization in Stick‐Slip Dynamics of Weakly Wet, Sheared Granular Fault Gouge
Authors: Dorostkar Omid , Guyer Robert A. , Johnson Paul A. , Marone Chris , Carmeliet Jan
Published: February 2018

We use three‐dimensional discrete element calculations to study stick‐slip dynamics in a weakly wet granular layer designed to simulate fault gouge. The granular gouge is constituted by 8,000 spherical particles with a polydisperse size distribution. At very low liquid content, liquids impose cohesive and viscous forces on particles. Our simulations show that by increasing the liquid content, friction increases and granular layer shows higher recurrence time between slip events. We also observe that slip events exhibit larger friction drop and layer compaction in wet system compared to dry. We demonstrate that a small volume of liquid induces cohesive forces between wet particles that are responsible for an increase in coordination number leading to a more stable arrangement of particles. This stabilization is evidenced with 2 orders of magnitude lower particle kinetic energy in wet system during stick phase. Similar to previous experimental studies, we observe enhanced frictional strength for wet granular layers. In experiments, the physicochemical processes are believed to be the main reason for such behavior; we show, however, that at low confining stresses, the hydromechanical effects of induced cohesion are sufficient for observed behavior. Our simulations illuminate the role of particle interactions and demonstrate the conditions under which induced cohesion plays a significant role in fault zone processes, including slip initiation, weakening, and failure.
Contrasting Impact of Future CO2 Emission Scenarios on the Extent of CaCO3 Mineral Undersaturation in the Humboldt Current System
Authors: Franco A. C. , Gruber N. , Frölicher T. L. , Kropuenske Artman L.
Published: February 2018

The eastern boundary upwelling systems are among those regions that are most vulnerable to an ocean acidification‐induced transition toward undersaturated conditions with respect to mineral CaCO3, but no assessment exists yet for the Humboldt Current System. Here we use a high‐resolution (∼7.5 km) regional ocean model to investigate past and future changes in ocean pH and CaCO3 saturation state in this system. We find that within the next few decades, the nearshore waters off Peru are projected to become corrosive year round with regard to aragonite, the more soluble form of CaCO3. The volume of aragonite undersaturated water off Peru will continue to increase in the future irrespective of the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere. In contrast, the development of the saturation state with regard to calcite, a less soluble form of carbonate, depends strongly on the scenario followed. By 2050, calcite undersaturation appears in the nearshore waters off Peru occasionally, but by 2090 in a high‐emission scenario (RCP8.5), ∼60% of the water in the euphotic zone will become permanently calcite undersaturated. Most of this calcite undersaturation off Peru can likely be avoided if a low emission scenario (RCP2.6) consistent with the Paris Agreement is followed. The progression of ocean acidification off Chile follows a similar pattern, except that the saturation states are overall higher. But also here, calcite undersaturated waters will become common in the subsurface waters under the RCP8.5 scenario by the end of this century, while this can be avoided under the RCP2.6 scenario.
Dechlorination of polychlorobiphenyl degradation metabolites by a recombinant glutathione S‐transferase from Acidovorax sp. KKS102
Authors: Shehu Dayyabu , Alias Zazali
Published: February 2018

A glutathione S‐transferase (GST) with a potential dehalogenation function against various organochlorine substrates was identified from a polychlorobiphenyl (PCB)‐degrading organism, Acidovorax sp. KKS102. A homolog of the gene BphK (biphenyl upper pathway K), named BphK‐KKS, was cloned, purified and biochemically characterized. Bioinformatic analysis indicated several conserved amino acids that participated in the catalytic activity of the enzyme, and site‐directed mutagenesis of these conserved amino acids revealed their importance in the enzyme's catalytic activity. The wild‐type and mutant (C10F, K107T and A180P) recombinant proteins displayed wider substrate specificity. The wild‐type recombinant GST reacted towards 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ethacrynic acid, hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide. The mutated recombinant proteins, however, showed significant variation in specific activities towards the substrates. A combination of a molecular docking study and a chloride ion detection assay showed potential interaction with and a dechlorination function against 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐chlorobenzoates (metabolites generated during PCB biodegradation) in addition to some organochlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, endosulfan and permethrin). It was demonstrated that the behavior of the dechlorinating activities varied among the wild‐type and mutant recombinant proteins. Kinetic studies (using CDNB and glutathione) showed that the kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, Kcat and Km/Kcat were all affected by the mutations. While C10F and A180P mutants displayed an increase in GST activity and the dechlorination function of the enzyme, the K107T mutant displayed variable results, suggesting a functional role of Lys107 in determining substrate specificity of the enzyme. These results demonstrated that the enzyme should be valuable in the bioremediation of metabolites generated during PCB biodegradation.
Novel Blue Bipolar Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material as Host Emitter for High‐Efficiency Hybrid Warm‐White OLEDs with Stable High Color‐Rendering Index
Authors: Liang Jie , Li Chenglong , Zhuang Xuming , Ye Kaiqi , Liu Yu , Wang Yue
Published: February 2018

A novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule, PHCz2BP, is synthesized and used to construct high performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in this work. PHCz2BP is not only the neat emitting layer for efficient sky‐blue OLED, with very high peak external quantum efficiency/power efficiency (EQE/PE) values of 4.0%/6.9 lm W−1, but also acts as a host to sensitize high‐luminance and high‐efficiency green, orange, and red electrophosphorescence with the universal high EQEs of >20%. More importantly, two hybrid white OLEDs based on the double‐layer emitting system of PHCz2BP:green phosphor/PHCz2BP:red phosphor are achieved. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report for three‐color (blue–green–red) white devices that adopt a TADF blue host emitter and two phosphorescent dopants without any other additional host. Such simple emitting systems thus realized the best electroluminescent performance to date for the WOLEDs utilizing the hybrid TADF/phosphor strategy: forward‐viewing EQEs of 25.1/23.6% and PEs of 24.1/22.5 lm W−1 at the luminance of 1000 cd m−2 with the color rendering indexes of 85/87 and warm‐white Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.41, 0.46)/(0.42, 0.45), indicating its potential to be used as practical eye‐friendly solid‐state lighting in future.
Integrated Heterostructure of PDA/Bi‐AgIn5S8/TiO2 for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production: Understanding the Synergistic Effect of Multilayer Structure
Authors: Guan Peng , Bai Hongye , Li Chunfa , Ge Yilin , Xu Dongbo , Chen Biyi , Xia Teng , Fan Weiqiang , Shi Weidong
Published: February 2018

Overcoming one of most challenging limitations of bare TiO2 with large bandgap can be achieved by rational design and fabrication of heterostructures. Multicomponent sulfides with a nature of tunable band structure can be a good alternative to decorating TiO2, but there remains a major trade‐off between the high efficiency and the long‐term durability, so the stability issue must be addressed upon the use of sulfides. Here, an effective strategy is demonstrated with Bi‐doped AgIn5S8 (Bi‐AgIn5S8) decorated TiO2 photoanode, where twofold enhancement of the photocurrent is achieved. More importantly, it is the first time to integrate polydopamine passivation layer and AgIn5S8 for simultaneously enhancing the solar conversion efficiency and stability. The incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency value is tuned up to 45% (0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl), and the photocurrent density can keep for 90.8% after 5 h. Corresponding hydrogen evolution rate has increased to 8.6 µmol h−1, which is three times higher than that of bare TiO2.
Structural Coloration in Caloenas Nicobarica Pigeons and Refractive Index Modulated Sensing
Authors: Rashid Ijaz , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Khandwalla Abbas , Ameen Rayan Mohammed , Yetisen Ali Kemal , Dai Qing , Butt Haider
Published: February 2018

The Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas Nicobarica) belongs to the extinct dodo‐bird family and has been declared as an endangered species. Here, microscopic and spectroscopic measurements are carried out on the bird's feathers to study the structural coloration originating from the barbule nanostructures. A range of color shades is recorded with changing viewing and illumination angles at different locations of the feathers. A spectacular variation in colors is generated by photonic structures; red, green, and blue and their blends are observed. Hydrophobicity of the optical material is also investigated. A contact angle of ≈156° is observed demonstrating it to be superhydrophobic. Experimental observations of the optical properties are analyzed on these feathers for sensing made possible due to the material and structural properties at the interface between barbule's surface and solution. An optical response is observed with a redshift in optical spectra with increasing refractive index of the solution, which is correlated with concentration values. The structural coloration in Nicobar pigeon can be adopted for many practical applications such as color selective filters, nonreflecting coatings, and refractive index‐based sensing.
TTIP and agricultural trade: The case of tariff elimination and pesticide policy cooperation
Authors: Xiong Bo , Beghin John C.
Published: February 2018

A possible Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership agreement will further integrate agricultural markets between the United States and the European Union. The elimination of tariffs and cooperation on sanitary and phytosanitary measures will promote cross‐Atlantic trade. We empirically estimate the impacts of tariffs and maximum residue limits on trade in plant products between the two partners. Furthermore, we simulate trade expansions under plausible negotiation outcomes. We find that a TTIP agreement promotes cross‐Atlantic trade in plant products, in both directions, by nearly 60% if tariffs are removed and MRLs are mutually recognized or harmonized to the Codex levels. [EconLit citations: Q17, F15]
Age‐related changes in the social behavior of tufted capuchin monkeys
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Pinzaglia Marta
Published: February 2018

The effects of aging on the social behavior of nonhuman primates is little understood, especially in New World monkeys. We studied the members of a colony of tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajussp.) in order to evaluate age related changes in their social behavior. We conducted observations on 25 subjects aged 4–36 years, living in captive social groups. We found that affiliative interactions (grooming and proximity) decreased with age, and that grooming was increasingly directed to a single preferred partner. Manipulation of objects in the environment also decreased with age, while locomotion and aggression showed no change. Overall, these results concur with previous findings on both human and nonhuman primates, and cast doubts on interpretations of age associated changes in human social behavior that rely of uniquely human advanced cognitive capacities.
A Chromium Hydroxide/MIL‐101(Cr) MOF Composite Catalyst and Its Use for the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose
Authors: Guo Qiang , Ren Limin , Kumar Prashant , Cybulskis Viktor J. , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Davis Mark E. , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: February 2018

A metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based catalyst, chromium hydroxide/MIL‐101(Cr), was prepared by a one‐pot synthesis method. The combination of chromium hydroxide particles on and within Lewis acidic MIL‐101 accomplishes highly selective conversion of glucose to fructose in the presence of ethanol, matching the performance of optimized Sn‐containing Lewis acidic zeolites. Differently from zeolites, NMR spectroscopy studies with isotopically labeled molecules demonstrate that isomerization of glucose to fructose on this catalyst, proceeds predominantly via a proton transfer mechanism.
Tungsten doped mesoporous SBA‐16 as novel heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaric acid
Authors: Jin Manman , Zhang Guodi , Guo Zhenmei , Lv Zhiguo
Published: February 2018

Novel heterogeneous tungsten species in mesoporous silica SBA‐16 catalysts based on ship‐in‐a‐bottle methodology are originally reported for oxidizing cyclopentene (CPE) to glutaric acid (GAC) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For all W‐SBA‐16 catalysts, isolated tungsten species and octahedrally coordinated tungsten oxide species are observed while WO3 crystallites are detected for the W‐SBA‐16 catalysts with Si/ W = 5, 10, and 20. The specific surface areas and the corresponding total pore volumes decrease significantly as increasing amounts of tungsten incorporated into the pores of SBA‐16. Using tungsten‐substituted mesoporous SBA‐16 heterogeneous catalysts, high yield of GAC (55%) is achieved with low tungsten loading (for Si/W = 30, ~13 wt%) for oxidation of CPE. The W‐SBA‐16 catalysts with Si/W = 30 can be reused five times without dramatic deactivation. In fact, low catalytic activity provided by bulk WO3 implies that the highly distributed tungsten species in SBA‐16 and the steric confinement effect of SBA‐16 are key elements for the outstanding catalytic performance.
Polyacrylamide copolymer/aminated carbon nanotube‐based aqueous nanofluids for application in high temperature and salinity
Authors: Lima Meiriane Cristina Faria Soares , Amparo Sthéfany Zaida Silva do , Siqueira Eder José , Miquita Douglas Rodrigues , Caliman Vinicius , Silva Glaura Goulart
Published: February 2018

Polymer aqueous nanofluids have numerous industrial applications due to their synergic properties as a polymer and nanoparticle in the same fluid. The main goal of this work was to prepare stable aqueous nanofluids with improved viscosity in high temperature and salinity conditions. Aminated carbon nanotube (OCNT‐TEPA) presented a CN photoemission peak at 285.5 eV in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, which is evidence of a grafting reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectra presented absorption bands attributed to amide and amine bonds. Elemental analyses showed 1.9 and 3.2 mass % N content increases for OCNT‐TEPA and OCNT‐TEPA‐AM, respectively. Samples aged at 70 °C in brine confirmed that the addition of OCNT‐TEPA increased the viscosity of nanofluids to 30% at day 90 compared to acrylamide–acrylic acid copolymer fluids. Nanotubes presented only 35% of the aminated functions compared to carbon black (Lima et al., Carbon 2016, 109, 209) , and their effects in the enhancement of viscosity and thermal and colloidal stability were 2× greater. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46382.
The role of popular girls in bullying and intimidating boys and other popular girls in secondary school
Authors: Dytham Siobhan
Published: February 2018

Despite a large amount of research focusing on bullying and exclusion in secondary schools, there is far less research focusing on cross‐gender bullying and ‘popular’ students who experience bullying. This research provides an analysis of interactions between male and female students (aged 13–14) in a school in England. The data provides multiple examples, both in the form of observations and group interviews, of girls teasing, intimidating and bullying boys and other popular girls. The analysis also considers teachers’ reactions to this behaviour, highlighting that it is often unnoticed. This paper raises this as an area for concern and suggests that future research should explore this further, both gaining more in‐depth knowledge of female bullying and intimidation of boys and popular girls, and exploring ways of working with teachers and schools to support students.
Simple and rapid system for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis technique: A laboratory exercise for high school students
Authors: Maurye Praveen , Basu Arpita , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar , Naskar Malay
Published: February 2018

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is the most classical technique favored worldwide for resolution of macromolecules in many biochemistry laboratories due to its incessant advanced developments and wide modifications. These ever‐growing advancements in the basic laboratory equipments lead to emergence of many expensive, complex, and tricky laboratory equipments. Practical courses of biochemistry at high school or undergraduate levels are often affected by these complications. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis technique (2D‐PAGE) used for resolving thousands of proteins in a gel is a combination of isoelectric focusing (first dimension gel electrophoresis technique) and sodium‐dodecylsulphate PAGE (second dimension gel electrophoresis technique or SDS‐PAGE). Two different laboratory equipments are needed to carry out effective 2D‐PAGE technique, which also invites extra burden to the school laboratory. Here, we describe a low cost, time saving and simple gel cassette for protein 2D‐PAGE technique that uses easily fabricated components and routine off‐the‐shelf materials. The performance of the apparatus was verified in a practical exercise by a group of high school students with positive outcomes. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(3):237–244, 2018.
Directed C−H Bond Oxidation of Bridged Cycloalkanes Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Acetate
Authors: Larrosa Marta , Zonker Benjamin , Volkmann Jannis , Wech Felix , Logemann Christian , Hausmann Heike , Hrdina Radim
Published: February 2018

We have developed a synthesis of 1,2‐substituted adamantane carboxylic acids and further bridged cycloalkanes (cage compounds) by palladium acetate‐catalyzed C−H bond oxidation. Acetoxylation of cycloalkane framework was performed using picolylamide as a directing group. Modification of the substrate, ligand design and variation of reaction conditions enabled us to study the mechanism of acetoxylation of aliphatic compounds. Post‐functionalization reactions and cleavage of the directing group were developed. For the first time the synthesis and characterization of a β‐C3‐tri‐substituted adamantane derivatives was achieved.
Silylative Reductive Amination of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: A Convenient Synthetic Route to β‐Silylated Secondary Amines
Authors: Kim Eunae , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok
Published: February 2018

Described here is a reductive amination/hydrosilylation cascade of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes mediated by a Lewis acidic borane catalyst. The present reaction system provides an one‐pot synthetic route towards β‐silylated secondary amines that have not been accessible by other previous catalysis. Comparative 1H NMR studies on the silylative reduction of enimines revealed that steric bulkiness of primary amine reactants strongly affects both catalytic efficiency and regioselectivity. This strategy was applicable to a broad range of substrates and amenable to one‐pot gram‐scale synthesis. Moreover, a diastereoselective introduction of the β‐silyl group was also found to be feasible (d.r. up to 71:29).
Effect of KCNQ1 G229D mutation on cardiac pumping efficacy and reentrant dynamics in ventricles: Computational study
Authors: Yuniarti Ana Rahma , Setianto Febrian , Marcellinus Aroli , Hwang Han Jeong , Choi Seong Wook , Trayanova Natalia , Lim Ki Moo
Published: February 2018

There is growing interest in genetic arrhythmia since mutations in gene which encodes the ion channel underlie numerous arrhythmias. Hasegawa et al reported that G229D mutation in KCNQ1 underlies atrial fibrillation due to significant shortening of action potential duration (APD) in atrial cells. Here, we predicted whether KCNQ1 G229D mutation affects ventricular fibrillation generation, although it shortens APD slightly compared with the atrial cell. We analyzed the effects of G229D mutation on electrical and mechanical ventricle behaviors (not considered in previous studies). We compared action potential shapes under wild‐type and mutant conditions. Electrical wave propagations through ventricles were analyzed during sinus rhythm and reentrant conditions. IKs enhancement due to G229D mutation shortened the APD in the ventricular cells (6%, 0.3%, and 8% for endo, M, and epi‐cells, respectively). The shortened APD contributed to 7% shortening of QT intervals, 29% shortening of wavelengths, 20% decrease in intraventricular pressure, and increase in end‐systolic volume 17%, end‐diastolic volume 7%, and end‐diastolic pressure 11%, which further resulted in reduction in stroke volume as well as cardiac output (28%), ejection fraction 33% stroke work 44%, and ATP consumption 28%. In short, using computational model of the ventricle, we predicted that G229D mutation decreased cardiac pumping efficacy and increased the vulnerability of ventricular fibrillation.
Patient‐specific simulation of guidewire deformation during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Vy Phuoc , Auffret Vincent , Castro Miguel , Badel Pierre , Rochette Michel , Haigron Pascal , Avril Stéphane
Published: February 2018

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a recent mini‐invasive procedure to implant an aortic valve prosthesis. Prosthesis positioning in transcatheter aortic valve implantation appears as an important aspect for the success of the intervention. Accordingly, we developed a patient‐specific finite element framework to predict the insertion of the stiff guidewire, used to position the aortic valve. We simulated the guidewire insertion for 2 patients based on their pre‐operative CT scans. The model was designed to primarily predict the position and the angle of the guidewires in the aortic valve, and the results were successfully compared with intraoperative images.

The present paper describes extensively the numerical model, which was solved by using the ANSYS software with an implicit resolution scheme, as well as the stabilization techniques which were used to overcome numerical instabilities. We performed sensitivity analysis on the properties of the guidewire (curvature angle, curvature radius, and stiffness) and the conditions of insertion (insertion force and orientation). We also explored the influence of the model parameters. The accuracy of the model was quantitatively evaluated as the distance and the angle difference between the simulated guidewires and the intraoperative ones.

A good agreement was obtained between the model predictions and intraoperative views available for 2 patient cases. In conclusion, we showed that the shape of the guidewire in the aortic valve was mainly determined by the geometry of the patient's aorta and by the conditions of insertion (insertion force and orientation).
Solid‐State Route for the Synthesis of Scalable, Luminescent Silicon and Germanium Nanocrystals
Authors: Kirshenbaum Maxine J. , Boebinger Matthew G. , Katz Michael J. , McDowell Matthew T. , Dasog Mita
Published: February 2018

Group 14 nanocrystals (NCs) have gained significant attention in the last decade largely owing to their unique and tunable optoelectronic properties, allowing for diverse applications across a range of fields. Herein we report a gram‐scale method to prepare Si and Ge NCs from mesoporous metal oxides using a solid‐state metallothermic reduction method. Mesoporous SiO2 and GeO2 were prepared using a templated sol‐gel method. The influence of pore size of the metal oxide precursor and the nature of reducing metal on the formation of Si and Ge was investigated. The NCs were functionalized with dodecyl groups via microwave‐assisted hydrosilylation and hydrogermylation reactions, respectively. Si and Ge NCs were found to have tunable visible or near‐IR luminescence with high emission quantum yields.