bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nicotinic receptors in airway disease
Authors: Borkar Niyati A. , Thompson Michael A. , Bartman Colleen M. , Khalfaoui Latifa , Sine Steven , Sathish Venkatachalem , Prakash Y. S. , Pabelick Christina M.
Published: December 2023

With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma. There is now increasing evidence that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are critical players in nicotine effects on airways, but the mechanisms by which α7nAChR influences different airway cell types have not been widely explored. In this review, we highlight and integrate the current state of knowledge regarding nicotine and α7nAChR in the context of asthma and identify potential approaches to alleviate the impact of smoking and vaping on the lungs.
An Efficient Trajectory Negotiation and Verification Method Based on Spatiotemporal Pattern Mining
Authors: Liu Yongqi , Wang Miao , Zhong Zhaohua , Zhong Kelin , Wang Guoqing
Published: December 2023

In trajectory-based operations, trajectory negotiation and verification are conducive to using airspace resources fairly, reducing flight delay, and ensuring flight safety. However, most of the current methods are based on route negotiation, making it difficult to accommodate airspace user-initiated trajectory requests and dynamic flight environments. Therefore, this paper develops a framework for trajectory negotiation and verification and describes the trajectory prediction, negotiation, and verification processes based on a four-dimensional trajectory. Secondly, users predict flight trajectories based on aircraft performance and flight plans and submit them as requested flight trajectories to the air traffic management (ATM) system for negotiation in the airspace. Then, a spatiotemporal weighted pattern mining algorithm is proposed, which accurately identifies flight combinations that violate the minimum flight separation constraint from four-dimensional flight trajectories proposed by users, as well as flight combinations with close flight intervals and long flight delays in the airspace. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm efficiently verifies the user-proposed flight trajectory and promptly identifies flight conflicts during the trajectory negotiation and verification processes. The algorithm then analyzes the flight trajectories of aircrafts by applying various constraints based on the specific traffic environment; the flight combinations which satisfy constraints can be identified. Then, based on the results identified by the algorithm, the air traffic management system can negotiate with users to adjust the flight trajectory, so as to reduce flight delay and ensure flight safety.
Transition Yet Energy Consuming for Tumor Growth Regulated by the Colored Microenvironment
Authors: Chen Leiyan , Wang Yan , Li Qingqing , Wang Haohua
Published: December 2023

Transition or metastasis is a main characteristic of tumor developmental processes. However, the mechanism behind the transition and what costs involved are obscure when the tumor is exposed to a colored microscopic environment. Here, focusing on the regulatory role of noises from its strength and correlation time on phenotypic diversity of tumors, we show that (1) when the noise strength (NS) is fixed, extending the autocorrelation time (AT) of multiplicative noise can regulate bidirectionally the tumor phenotype, i.e., it can promote the diffusion also contribute to killing cancer cells simultaneously; (2) AT of additive noise can reduce the occurrence probability of cancer cells, but the NS can increase this probability; (3) the effect of the cross-correlated strength (CS) on cell phenotype is twofold, i.e., increasing CS may urge the mean first passage time (MFPT) of switching to the tumor state to have the minimum and maximum values but the cross-correlation time (CT) always makes the MFPT to have a minimum value. In addition, NS can make MFPT to have a peak. Moreover, by reconstructing the reaction network from the mesoscopic scale, we further show that AT of multiplicative noise can increase energy consumption, and there exists a trade-off between NS and AT of additive noise. We also show that the energy consumption is monotonically decreasing with increasing the CT but the CS can amplify the difference of this dependence. The overall analysis implies that tumor cells would make use of external noise to survive in fluctuating environments.
Research Progress of Acoustic Energy Harvesters Based on Nanogenerators
Authors: Huang Yue , Du Taili , Xiang Cheng , Zhang Yu , Si Jicang , Yu Hongyong , Yuan Haichao , Sun Peiting , Xu Minyi
Published: December 2023

In the wake of the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, a huge amount of wireless sensing nodes (WSNs) is urgently in demand in all aspects of daily production and living, such as smart cities, smart transportation, and intelligent monitoring. However, it has become one of the crucial challenges in the development of IoT technology to fulfill the requirements of energy consumption for enormous amounts of WSNs. Therefore, it not only possesses great potential to realize in situ power supply of WSNs by harvesting environmental energy but also can address the problems of durability, maintenance, and cost that exist in battery power supply. In particular, acoustic energy is ubiquitous in the environment but not efficiently utilized. Meanwhile, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are capable of accomplishing efficient conversion of broadband, high entropy, and weak energy as the new energy conversion technology. Therefore, the basic principle of acoustic energy harvester based on nanogenerators (NGs) is firstly discussed. Then, the advances of acoustic energy harvesters based on NGs in the viewpoint of acoustic energy resonator structures are systematically reviewed for the first time. This review not only covers the working mechanism, structural design, and application scenarios of acoustic energy harvesters but also explores the advances in ultrasonic energy harvesting based on NGs. Finally, existing challenges and prospects for future development are systematically discussed, which will facilitate the development of acoustic energy harvesting based on NGs.
Intelligent Approach for Control Techniques Based on Complex Converter Structures
Authors: Kitmo  , Choudhury Subhashree , Khan Akhlaque Ahmad , Das Sima , Elnaggar Mohamed F.
Published: December 2023

Hybrid frequency control strategies are used to eliminate the problem of current inversion in multilevel cascaded asymmetrical H-bridge inverters. Unfortunately, this technique results in unbalanced power at the inverter output. The improved hybrid PWM modulation strategy helps to regulate power balances within a reasonable range at high and low voltages, by adjusting the conduction angle of the cells in high frequencies. However, as the conduction angle of a high-voltage cell increases, the fundamental amplitude of the inverter output voltage decreases, since waveforms with absolute values greater than

2
E

cannot be perfectly modulated. Based on mathematical models of the conduction time for each level synthesis method, a new modulation strategy is proposed to solve the problems associated with the two strategies mentioned above. This new high-frequency modulation strategy adopts a combination of pulse-width modulation (PWM) and step modulation to combine control of the high-voltage and low-voltage units. At given intervals, the control voltage signals of the low-voltage unit are exchanged. Finally, the power of each unit is balanced and the basic amplitude of the inverter output voltage is not affected. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and experimental platform verify the feasibility of this strategy.
Impact of Melatonin as a Premedication Agent in Caesarean Section on Blood Loss and Postoperative Pain Level
Authors: Alkhfaji Hussein , Kahloul Mohamed , Askar Talib Razaq M. , Alhamaidah Majid Fakhir , Ali Hussein Hussein
Published: December 2023

Background. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious postdelivery condition with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality for women who undergo childbirth with or without a caesarean section. Melatonin has been suggested to increase the contractility of myometrium and reduce the pain score postoperatively, therefore it is believed that the use of melatonin before surgery may decrease blood loss, reduce pain score, and decrease the need for postoperative opioids. Objectives. The main objectives of this study are focused on the investigation of melatonin as a premedication agent to reduce blood loss and decrease pain score postoperatively in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods. 80 patients were scheduled for spinal anesthesia-based cesarean sections and randomly assigned to two groups, melatonin group (M) 40 patients and placebo group (P) 40 patients to receive either 10 mg of sublingual melatonin or a placebo of 90 minutes preoperatively. Hemoglobin levels were been measured preoperative and 12 hrs. Postoperatively, blood loss volume was calculated by measuring both the weight of used materials before and after the surgery and the volume sucked in the suction bottle after placental delivery. Postoperative visual pain score and analgesic requirements were used to evaluate pain levels. Results. Analyzed collected data showed a significant decrease in blood loss in the melatonin group in comparison with the placebo group as measured by the hemoglobin level. On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in pain score and analgesia requirement with the melatonin group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion. Melatonin is a promising premedication drug that has a significant impact on postpartum hemorrhage by reducing blood loss and pain levels of mothers who have undergone C-sections.
Spectral Element Method for Fractional Klein–Gordon Equations Using Interpolating Scaling Functions
Authors: Bin Jebreen Haifa
Published: December 2023

The focus of this paper is on utilizing the spectral element method to find the numerical solution of the fractional Klein–Gordon equation. The algorithm employs interpolating scaling functions (ISFs) that meet specific properties and satisfy the multiresolution analysis. Using an orthonormal projection, the equation is mapped to the scaling spaces in this method. A matrix representation of the Caputo fractional derivative of ISFs is presented using matrices representing the fractional integral and derivative operators. Using this matrix, the spectral element method reduces the desired equation to a system of algebraic equations. To find the solution, the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES method) and Newton’s method are used in linear and nonlinear forms of this system, respectively. The method’s convergence is proven, and some illustrative examples confirm it. The method is characterized by its simplicity in implementation, high efficiency, and significant accuracy.
Calcium Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cells
Authors: Sharawi Zeina W. , Khatrawi Sawsan M. , Wang Qiaochu , Zhou Hongzhao , Cyrus Kedra , Yan Gai , Hoxter Becky , Haddad Bassem R. , Martin Mary Beth
Published: December 2023

Background. Although prostate cancer patients initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients progress to a resistant phenotype. Castration resistance is due, in part, to intratumoral and/or adrenal synthesis of androgens, overexpression or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR), stabilization of AR by chaperones, and ligand-independent activation of AR. Increasing evidence also links disruption of calcium homeostasis to progression of prostate cancer. Our previous study shows that heavy metal cadmium activates the AR through a ligand-independent mechanism. Cadmium mimics calcium in biological systems due to their similar ionic charge and radius. This study determines whether calcium activates AR and whether first- and second-generation antiandrogens block the ability of calcium to activate the receptor. Methods. The expression of androgen-responsive genes and calcium channels was measured in prostate cells using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell growth was measured. Results. To ask whether calcium activates AR, prostate cells were treated with calcium in the absence and presence of the first-generation antiandrogens hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide and the second-generation antiandrogen enzalutamide, and the expression of androgen-responsive genes and cell growth was measured. In the normal PWR-1E cells and HEK293T cells transiently expressing AR, treatment with calcium increased the expression of androgen-responsive genes by approximately 3-fold. The increase was blocked by enzalutamide but was not consistently blocked by the first-generation antiandrogens. In LNCaP cells which contain a mutant AR, treatment with calcium also increased the expression of androgen-responsive genes by approximately 3-fold, and the increase was more effectively blocked by enzalutamide than by hydroxyflutamide or bicalutamide. Treatment with calcium also increased cell growth that was blocked by enzalutamide. To ask whether dysregulation of calcium channels is associated with castration resistance, calcium channels were measured in the normal PWR-1E prostate cells, the hormone-responsive LNCaP cells, and the castration-resistant VCaP and 22RV1 cells. Compared to normal prostate cells, the hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant cells overexpressed several calcium channels. Conclusions. The results of this study show that calcium activates AR and increases cell growth and that calcium channels are overexpressed in hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role of calcium in the castration-resistant phenotype.
Distributed Formation Control with Obstacle and Collision Avoidance for Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles Subject to Multiple Constraints
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Luo Yifan , Qu Yaohong
Published: December 2023

Multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles’ (HGVs’) formation control problems with obstacle and collision avoidance are investigated in this paper, which is addressed in the stage of entry gliding. The originality of this paper stems from the formation control algorithm where constraints of dynamic pressure, heating rate, total aerodynamic load, control inputs, collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and the terminal states are considered simultaneously. The algorithm implements a control framework designed to be of two terms: distributed virtual controller and actual control input solver. The distributed virtual controller is based on distributed model predictive control with synchronous update strategy, where the virtual control signals are derived by the optimization simultaneously at each time step for each HGV under directed communication topology. Subsequently, according to the virtual control signals obtained, a coupled nonlinear equation set is solved to get actual control signals: each HGV’s bank angle together with the angle of attack. The actual control input solver adopts a feasible solution process to calculate the actual control signals while dealing with constraints. Finally, extensive numerical simulations are implemented to unveil the proposed algorithm’s performance and superiority.
Deep Learning–Based 3D Single-Cell Imaging Analysis Pipeline Enables Quantification of Cell–Cell Interaction Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Bodong , Zhu Yanting , Yang Zhenye , Yan Helen H.N. , Leung Suet Yi , Shi Jue
Published: December 2023

The three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises multiple interacting cell types that critically impact tumor pathology and therapeutic response. Efficient 3D imaging assays and analysis tools could facilitate profiling and quantifying distinctive cell–cell interaction dynamics in the TMEs of a wide spectrum of human cancers. Here, we developed a 3D live-cell imaging assay using confocal microscopy of patient-derived tumor organoids and a software tool, SiQ-3D (single-cell image quantifier for 3D), that optimizes deep learning (DL)–based 3D image segmentation, single-cell phenotype classification, and tracking to automatically acquire multidimensional dynamic data for different interacting cell types in the TME. An organoid model of tumor cells interacting with natural killer cells was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the 3D imaging assay to reveal immuno-oncology dynamics as well as the accuracy and efficiency of SiQ-3D to extract quantitative data from large 3D image datasets. SiQ-3D is Python-based, publicly available, and customizable to analyze data from both in vitro and in vivo 3D imaging. The DL-based 3D imaging analysis pipeline can be employed to study not only tumor interaction dynamics with diverse cell types in the TME but also various cell–cell interactions involved in other tissue/organ physiology and pathology.

Significance:

A 3D single-cell imaging pipeline that quantifies cancer cell interaction dynamics with other TME cell types using primary patient-derived samples can elucidate how cell–cell interactions impact tumor behavior and treatment responses.
Evaluation of Algorithms Using Automated Health Plan Data to Identify Breast Cancer Recurrences
Authors: Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Chubak Jessica , Bhimani Jenna , O'Connell Kelli , Brandzel Susan , Valice Emily , Doud Rachael , Theis Mary Kay , Roh Janise M. , Heon Narre , Persaud Sonia , Griggs Jennifer J. , Bandera Elisa V. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kantor Elizabeth D.
Published: December 2023

Background:

We updated algorithms to identify breast cancer recurrences from administrative data, extending previously developed methods.

Methods:

In this validation study, we evaluated pairs of breast cancer recurrence algorithms (vs. individual algorithms) to identify recurrences. We generated algorithm combinations that categorized discordant algorithm results as no recurrence [High Specificity and PPV (positive predictive value) Combination] or recurrence (High Sensitivity Combination). We compared individual and combined algorithm results to manually abstracted recurrence outcomes from a sample of 600 people with incident stage I–IIIA breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. We used Cox regression to evaluate risk factors associated with age- and stage-adjusted recurrence rates using different recurrence definitions, weighted by inverse sampling probabilities.

Results:

Among 600 people, we identified 117 recurrences using the High Specificity and PPV Combination, 505 using the High Sensitivity Combination, and 118 using manual abstraction. The High Specificity and PPV Combination had good specificity [98%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 97–99] and PPV (72%, 95% CI: 63–80) but modest sensitivity (64%, 95% CI: 44–80). The High Sensitivity Combination had good sensitivity (80%, 95% CI: 49–94) and specificity (83%, 95% CI: 80–86) but low PPV (29%, 95% CI: 25–34). Recurrence rates using combined algorithms were similar in magnitude for most risk factors.

Conclusions:

By combining algorithms, we identified breast cancer recurrences with greater PPV than individual algorithms, without additional review of discordant records.

Impact:

Researchers should consider tradeoffs between accuracy and manual chart abstraction resources when using previously developed algorithms. We provided guidance for future studies that use breast cancer recurrence algorithms with or without supplemental manual chart abstraction.
GellingBodies: Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying Arsenic Trioxide Action
Authors: Salomoni Paolo
Published: December 2023

The study by Bercier and colleagues investigates the mechanisms of action of arsenic trioxide (ATO). The authors find that ATO promotes transition of PML nuclear bodies to a gel-like state via the PML trimerization domain and a critical cysteine residue. Overall, this work sheds new light onto how PML–RARα, the oncogene of APL, is targeted by ATO for disease eradication.

See related article by Bercier et al., p. 2548 (6).
Highlights of FDA Oncology Approvals in 2023: Bispecific T-cell Engagers, Pediatric Indications, and Inclusive Drug Development
Authors: Donaldson Joshua M. , Seddiq Marjilla , Fusco Michael J. , Singla Shyamli , Pamuk Gulsum E. , Lee-Alonzo Rosa J. , Mixter Bronwyn D. , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , de Claro R. Angelo , Drezner Nicole , Gormley Nicole J. , Kanapuru Bindu , Lemery Steven J. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A. , Richardson Nicholas C. , Singh Harpreet , Suzman Daniel L. , Theoret Marc R. , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard
Published: December 2023

Cancer drug development remained robust in 2023. Highlights of U.S. drug approvals this year include new immunotherapies and targeted drug development in adult and pediatric patients as well as patients with rare diseases.
Microbiota Manipulation as an Emerging Concept in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Spalinger Marianne Rebecca , Scharl Michael
Published: December 2023

Background: The human body is colonized by billions of bacteria that provide nutrients to the host, train our immune system, and importantly affect our heath. It has long been suggested that microbes might play a role in tumor pathogenesis; however, compelling evidence was only provided in the past decades when novel detection methods that do not depend on culturing techniques had been developed. Summary: The microbiome impacts tumor development and anti-tumor therapies on various levels. Bacteria can promote or suppress tumor growth via direct interactions with cancer cells, production of metabolites that promote or inhibit tumor growth, and via stimulation or suppression of the local and systemic immune response. Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls, which could potentially be employed to detect, identify, and treat cancer. Manipulation of the microbiome either via supplementation of single strains, bacterial consortia, fecal microbiota transfer or the use of pre- and probiotics has been suggested as therapeutic approach to directly target tumor growth or to enhance the efficacy of current state-of-the-art treatment options. Key Messages: (1) Bacteria have a tremendous impact on anti-cancer immune responses. (2) Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls. (3) The microbiome seems to be cancer-type specific. (4) Exploitation of bacteria to promote anti-tumor therapy is a novel, very promising venue in cancer treatment.
Preterm Formula, Fortified or Unfortified Human Milk for Very Preterm Infants, the PREMFOOD Study: A Parallel Randomised Feasibility Trial
Authors: Mills Luke , Chappell Karyn E. , Emsley Robby , Alavi Afshin , Andrzejewska Izabela , Santhakumaran Shalini , Nicholl Richard , Chang John , Uthaya Sabita , Modi Neena
Published: December 2023

Objective: Uncertainty exists regarding optimal supplemental diet for very preterm infants if the mother’s own milk (MM) is insufficient. We evaluated feasibility for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) powered to detect important differences in health outcomes. Methods: In this open, parallel, feasibility trial, we randomised infants 25+0–31+6 weeks of gestation by opt-out consent to one of three diets: unfortified human milk (UHM) (unfortified MM and/or unfortified pasteurised human donor milk (DM) supplement), fortified human milk (FHM) (fortified MM and/or fortified DM supplement), and unfortified MM and/or preterm formula (PTF) supplement from birth to 35+0 weeks post menstrual age. Feasibility outcomes included opt-outs, adherence rates, and slow growth safety criteria. We also obtained anthropometry, and magnetic resonance imaging body composition data at term and term plus 6 weeks (opt-in consent). Results: Of 35 infants randomised to UHM, 34 to FHM, and 34 to PTF groups, 21, 19, and 24 infants completed imaging at term, respectively. Study entry opt-out rate was 38%; 6% of parents subsequently withdrew from feeding intervention. Two infants met predefined slow weight gain thresholds. There were no significant between-group differences in term total adipose tissue volume (mean [SD]: UHM: 0.870 L [0.35 L]; FHM: 0.889 L [0.31 L]; PTF: 0.809 L [0.25 L], p = 0.66), nor in any other body composition measure or anthropometry at either timepoint. Conclusions: Randomisation to UHM, FHM, and PTF diets by opt-out consent was acceptable to parents and clinical teams, associated with safe growth profiles and no significant differences in body composition. Our data provide justification to proceed to a larger RCT.
White light-emitting diode daubed via CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ nanocrystal sheets enclosed using SiO2
Authors: Tung Ha Thanh , Nguyen Thi Dieu An
Published: December 2023

Our investigation assesses the downshifting (DS), periodicity up-transmutation as well as internal light consistency from phosphor samples of CaSc2O4 incorporated with Ho3+/Yb3+ along with up-conversion from CaY2O4 incorporated with Ho3+/Yb3+. These samples are created via precursor antecedent compound technique. The generation for the crystalline samples having orthorhombic stage is validated by the X-ray powder diffraction. The dispersal reflectance spectra exhibit several lines within the zones of ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV-vis-NIR), resulting from the ions of Ho3+ as well as Yb3+. The optical band gap (Eg) results reach 5.69 and 5.58 eV, corresponding to CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ and CaY2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+. The CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ samples exhibit potent downshifting discharge in green hue when excited under 454 nm. CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+, as well as CaY2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+, exhibit potent discharges in green hue as well as near-infrared up-transmutation discharges in faint blue and red hues when excited under 980 nm. The spectrum hue clarity -Sgr – for CaSc2O4:Ho3+(1%)/Yb3+(5%) reaches 0.78. The disparity in pumping force yields internal light consistency for said sample with the green discharge, being nonexistent in the CaY2O4:Ho3+(1%)/Yb3+(5%) sample. As such, CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ may prove useful when applied to up-transmutation apparatuses.
Classification of clove types using convolution neural network algorithm with optimizing hyperparamters
Authors: Tempola Firman , Wardoyo Retantyo , Musdholifah Aina , Rosihan Rosihan , Sumaryanti Lilik
Published: December 2023

This study uses clove imagery by classifying it according to ISO 2254-2004 standards: whole, headless, and mother clove. This type of clove will affect the quality and economic value when it has been dried. For this reason, it is necessary to take a first step to control cloves' quality. One way is to classify it from the start. This research will utilize the convolution neural network algorithm and compare it with model transfer learning and modified VGG16 architecture on clove images. In addition, research is also looking for the most optimal hyperparameter. The results of this study indicate that the application of convolution neural network (CNN) to clove images obtains an accuracy value of 84% using a hyperparameter of 50 epochs, a learning rate of 0.001, and a batch size of 16. Meanwhile, for the application of transfer learning VGG16, Resnet50, MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, DensetNet151, and modified VGG16 have respectively each of the highest accuracy including 95.70%, 76.15%, 96.89%, 98.07%, 98.96%, and 99.11%.
Design and analysis of fault-tolerant sequential logic circuits for safety-critical applications
Authors: Khairullah Shawkat Sabah , Qassabbashi Farah Natiq , Kareem Jumana Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Safety-critical systems used in applications that demand high levels of dependability, efficiency, and fault-tolerance often use sequential logic circuits in its design and implementation. The safety-critical digital system typically uses latches, flip-flops, and other memory elements, which are prone to the effects of natural faults and single event upsets (SEUs) caused by radiation-induced effects. The faults can lead to subsystem failures due to the continuous advancement in the realization of the small size transistor. To design a reliable digital-based system, it is essential to develop new fault-tolerance approaches that are integrated into the design of sequential logic circuits. This work proposes a novel fault-tolerant approach based on the redundancy of sequential logic circuit, which consists of a variety of design components, D flip-flop storage elements linked to a fault injection unit, a duplicate modular redundancy, and data monitoring units with a switching circuit. The experimental simulation results using a five-state Markov chain analysis model prove that the proposed fault-tolerant system can achieve 0.99999998 for reliability of the fault detection coverage (C) which equal to 0.99999. Finally, we believe that using this new approach of fault-tolerance and redundancy would improve the dependability and reliability of next generation safety-critical applications.
Impact of business intelligence on incident management in the control center of a security company
Authors: Daza Alfredo , De la Paz Ttito Elmer Marcelino , Alarcón Cajas Yohan Roy
Published: December 2023

The main objective of this article is to implement business intelligence (BI) technology to improve incident management in the control center of a security company; making use of the Ralph Kimball method for the development of the data mart, contemplating the phases: planning of projects, definition of requirements, design of technological architecture, performing a dimensional modeling a star with 9 dimensions and 1 table made, also used the structured query language (MySQL) database, extract, transform, and load (ETL). Development the pentaho data integration, which allowed the migration, transformation and cleaning of the data from the online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP) database, obtaining as a result that the BI managed to increase the level of the service by 28.42% and reducing the frequency index by 25%.
New developments and trends in 5G technologies: applications and concepts
Authors: Tyokighir Silas Soo , Mom Joseph , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Igwue Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology is the most up-to-date iteration of mobile data networks. This research analyzes the effectiveness of next-generation mobile networks in tandem with mobile communication technologies. Various difficulties encountered at each stage are discussed. With the advent of 5G networks, users may connect to the internet at lightning speeds from almost any location. 5G is one of a kind because of its new characteristics, which allow it to link people and enable them to operate gadgets, machines, and things. 5G mobile technology’s varying speed and capabilities will allow for new user experiences and link new businesses. Companies must know where they can best put 5G to use. This research paper examines and analyzes various topics in great detail, demonstrating how mmWave, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), microcells, mobile edge computing (MEC), beamforming, diverse antenna technologies, and so on can all work together to improve cellular networks. The primary goals of this article are to demonstrate some of the most recent technical developments and to analyze potential future research directions for the 5G mobile system.
A Thai-language chatbot analyzing mosquito-borne diseases using Jaccard similarity
Authors: Chanakot Benjamin , Sanrach Charun
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study is to create a Thai-language chatbot analyzing mosquito-borne diseases using Jaccard similarity with an aim to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot used to analyze Aedes-borne diseases through natural language processing. The analysis occurred when the symptoms provided by users on the chatbot were assessed to select relevant words as text attributes using the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) before the Jaccard similarity was used to measure the similarity of the information on the mosquito-borne disease database. The Line Messaging API was applied to facilitate communication between users and the chatbot through the Line application. The chatbot applied PHP 7.2.34 and MySQL 5.7.32 for database management, with Apache 2.2.29 serving as the bot server. The performance evaluation of the chatbot revealed that the chatbot accurately understood user intentions with an intent accuracy of 85.00%. Likewise, the usability of the chatbot was assessed using the system usability scale (SUS), and it received a score of 89.75, indicating a high level of user-friendliness. Furthermore, it has been found that appropriate tokenization enables accurate feature selection. This leads to improved accuracy in measuring Jaccard similarity. Consequently, the chatbot is capable of providing precise responses that align with the user's intent.
An Adam based CNN and LSTM approach for sign language recognition in real time for deaf people
Authors: Kumer Paul Subrata , Ala Walid Md. Abul , Rani Paul Rakhi , Uddin Md. Jamal , Rana Md. Sohel , Kumar Devnath Maloy , Rahman Dipu Ishaat , Haque Md. Momenul
Published: December 2023

Hand gestures and sign language are crucial modes of communication for deaf individuals. Since most people can't understand sign language, it's hard for a mute and an average person to talk to each other. Because of technological progress, computer vision and deep learning can now be used to count. This paper shows two ways to use deep knowledge to recognize sign language. These methods help regular people understand sign language and improve their communication. Based on American sign language (ASL), two separate datasets have been constructed; the first has 26 signs, and the other contains three significant symbols with the crucial sequence of frames or videos for regular communication. This study looks at three different models: the improved ResNet-based convolutional neural network (CNN), the long short-term memory (LSTM), and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). The first dataset is used to fit and assess the CNN model. With the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer, CNN obtains an accuracy of 89.07%. In contrast, the second dataset is given to LSTM and GRU and a comparison has been conducted. LSTM does better than GRU in all classes. LSTM has a 94.3% accuracy, while GRU only manages 79.3%. Our preliminary models' real-time performance is also highlighted.
Prediction of ionospheric total electron content data using NARX neural network model
Authors: Shenvi Nayana , Virani Hassanali Gulamali
Published: December 2023

Successful prediction of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data will help in correction of positioning errors in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) caused by the ionosphere. This research paper proposes a prediction model for ionospheric TEC using a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network that utilizes past TEC data alongwith solar and geomagnetic indices namely F10.7, disturbed storm (Dst), Kp, Ap, and time of the day. We assess the prediction capability of our model at different latitudes during different solar activity years. We compare our results with another NARX model which uses previous TEC data along with time of the day, day of the year and season as exogenous parameters. The results show that for the solar minimum year the TEC prediction accuracy improves by 35.71% and for the solar maximum year it improves by 31.20%. The results using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE) clearly indicate that solar and geomagnetic indices along with time of the day help in enhancing prediction accuracy of TEC across different latitudinal regions during both solar minimum and maximum years.
Portrait of students’ language politeness in elementary school
Authors: Susandi Ari , Zamzani Zamzani , Prabowo Mulyo , Yulianto Bambang
Published: December 2023

This study described students’ language impoliteness during the Indonesian language learning process taking place at elementary school in the Kediri Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach to the type of qualitative descriptive research. The research participant of this study were elementary school educators and students in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, who have a rough and smooth Javanese language culture when communicating with teachers during the learning process in class. The results of the study showed that all politeness maxims were violated in the learning process. Language politeness must continue to be implemented in elementary schools because it is still being discovered violation of the maxim of wisdom is shown when students give long-winded statements to educators. Violation of the maxim of generosity is shown when students give emotional statements to educators. Violation of the maxim of praise is shown when students express criticism at will, to both educators and friends. Violation of the maxim of politeness is shown when students make statements that demean the speech partner. Violation of the maxim of agreement can be seen when students are giving very harsh statements and ignoring the rules of the speech partners. The violation of the maxim of sympathy is shown when students do not have sympathy for the speech partner who is having difficulty. Language politeness is very important for the world of education as an effort to familiarize students as the nation’s next generation with polite language.
Students’ interests and attitudes toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers
Authors: Septiyanto Arifin , Oetomo Dwi , Indriyanti Nurma Yunita
Published: December 2023

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education teaches students critical thinking skills that they can use to solve problems even after they enter the workforce. This study aimed to i) determine student attitudes toward the STEM field in each school area; ii) determine student interest in the STEM field in each school area; and iii) determine the correlation between student attitudes toward the STEM field and school area and student interest in STEM. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design. The sample for this study came from Boyolali Regency in Central Java, Indonesia, and was divided into three groups: rural schools (24%), suburban schools (36.2%), and urban schools (39%). The proportional stratified random sampling technique was used to select the research sample of students in grades 7–9. The Spearman Rank technique was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a strong relationship between students’ attitudes toward STEM, school area, and interest in STEM careers. On the other hand, there is a weak correlation between students’ attitudes toward STEM, the school environment, and their interest in STEM careers.
E-Module problem-based learning on chemical equilibria to improve students’ higher-order thinking skills: an analysis
Authors: Rusli Nur Syuhada , Ibrahim Nor Hasniza , Hanri Chuzairy , Surif Johari
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to identify the specifications for developing a problem-based learning e-module for chemical equilibria to increase students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). A qualitative approach with a semi-structured interview involving eight participants from form six teachers in Penang was utilized. The interview results were analyzed using NVivo 12 software by dividing the transcripts into several codes based on a thematic analysis approach. Four broad themes emerged from the need analysis interviews: i) the importance of chemical equilibria; ii) problems in teaching and learning chemical equilibria; iii) teaching strategy; iv) desired improvement. The findings of this study showed that the topic of chemical equilibria in form six syllabus is an important topic for students to master. Still, it is the most challenging concept for both students and teachers. Findings of the interviews also found that teachers need an e-module integrated with problem-based learning due to the lack of teaching resources, the content of the syllabus, and the lack of students’ thinking skills. Besides, teachers suggest variegating the content, strategies, and technology to develop the modules. These findings indicate that teachers are still unsatisfied with the existing teaching materials and strategies and, therefore require an e-module to meet their needs. All themes and codes of the findings are summarized using schematic diagrams. The results of this study are essential in designing and developing the e-module integrated with problem-based learning for the topic of chemical equilibria, which can be implemented and positively increase the HOTS level among form six students.
An integrative review of secondary school quantum physics curricula in Malaysia
Authors: Dayou Jedol , Markus Laurah
Published: December 2023

As a relatively new subject in the physics curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools, quantum physics (QP) raises questions about its relevance to students and the best approach for teaching it. This paper aims to analyze the content of the QP curriculum to provide students with a meaningful learning experience and expose them to the nature of science (NOS). To accomplish this, the Malaysian standard curriculum document known as Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) and the textbook were analyzed through integrative review. Frameworks and perspectives identified by Stadermann and co-workers on the common trust of the QP curriculum in 15 different countries were used as a benchmark for this analysis. It is found that the QP curriculum in Malaysia focuses on the fundamental principle of understanding the quantum energy of light and its interaction with matter. However, it is also found that there are specific NOS aspects that can be highlighted to help students develop their scientific literacy. These might include emphasizing the philosophy of complementarity in explaining the wave-particle duality principle, the ultraviolet catastrophe, and the contradiction of classical physics interpretation with QP. It is suggested that the QP curriculum be improved by including these and other relevant examples to be on par with other countries. Overall, this analysis provides insight into the relevance and content of QP in Malaysian secondary schools. The proposed changes may help improve students’ learning experience and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the NOS.
Motivation mediating effect on principals’ personality, job satisfaction, and affective commitment
Authors: Adisel Adisel , Harini Hegar , Prananosa Ahmad Gawdy , Onsardi Onsardi , Sulistianingsih Sulistianingsih , Thadi Robeet
Published: December 2023

Affective commitment is ultimately carried out by a leader in an organization, including in high schools. This study mainly aims to examine the influence of personality and job satisfaction on the affective commitment of high school principals mediated by motivation. A quantitative survey was employed in this study. The sample studied was 90 public high school principals in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were collected through a questionnaire, which has been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed a significant relationship between the public school principals’ personality and job satisfaction on their affective commitment which is mediated by motivation. In more detail, the results indicated: i) a positive direct effect of personality on affective commitment, personality on motivation, and job satisfaction on the motivation of public school principals; ii) no significant direct effect of job satisfaction on affective commitment; and iii) a mediating role of motivation, that directs to a positive and significant influence on personality, job satisfaction, and principals’ affective commitment. The study’s implications for related authorities are presented.
A scoping review on mapping the digital leadership constructs for educational settings: what we can learn?
Authors: Abdul Musid Nurhafizah , Mohd Matore Mohd Effendi Ewan , A. Hamid Aida Hanim
Published: December 2023

Another style of leadership utilized in the field of education, notably digital leadership, has become more prevalent. Studies on digital leadership are receiving more attention, but there has not been much focus on scoping reviews. To determine the constructs of digital leadership, this study undertakes a scoping review. Accordingly, a scoping review on human-influenced and non-human-influenced constructs in measuring digital leadership was carried out in this study. This scoping review follows six processes: i) identification of the research question; ii) literature research; iii) selection of relevant studies; iv) charting the information; v) collating, summarizing, and reporting of study results; vi) discussion of the results and implications for future research. A scoping review was conducted via the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google databases to identify empirical studies on constructs in digital leadership since 2014. Next, the titles and abstracts for selected full-text articles were screened manually. Data from the included articles were charted and summarized. To develop specific and empirical data for measuring digital leadership, the study found that 22 constructs were influenced by humans and three constructs were non-human-influenced. Interpersonal and intrapersonal skills were separated from the constructs that were influenced by humans, with 15 constructs constituting intrapersonal skills and seven constructs constituting interpersonal skills. The results will help identify the crucial components of successful digital leadership. Future research is warranted in creating programs such as workshops, training, and conferences to promote digital leadership and further improve the study.
Challenges encountered by newly arrived Thai students when learning Indonesian as a foreign language
Authors: Pratama Fendy Yogha , Andayani Andayani , Winarni Retno , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the challenges faced by Thai international students when they first came to Indonesia to study Indonesian as a foreign language. There were nine Thai students studying in six different cities in Indonesia were recruited as participants. The thematic analysis revealed two major themes: academic challenges and technological issues. Both made it difficult for Thai students to master the Indonesian language effectively. The condition potentially hinders their academic success when studying in Indonesia. However, the researchers found that despite the language barrier, Thai students still tried to speak Indonesian with Indonesian students and residents. It indicates that Thai students in this study were highly determined, friendly, and open to new cultures. Furthermore, the researchers advise teachers and program organizers to pay attention to these challenges to maximize the learning output.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Márcia Regina da
Published: December 2023

Editorial: InCID: Revista de Ciência da Informação e da Documentação, Ribeirão Preto, v. 14, n. 2, set. 2023/fev. 2024.