bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Validation and Clinical Experience with 3D Optical-Surface-Guided Whole Breast Irradiation of Breast Cancer
Authors: Li S. , DeWeese T. , Movsas B. , Frassica Deborah , Liu Dezhi , Kim Jinkoo , Chen Qing , Walker Eleanor
Published: July 2013

We had introduced 3D optical surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) of the breast cancer (BC). We then initiated the feasibility, accuracy, and precision studies of stereovision in detection of any breast displacement through the course of treatment for total thirty breasts undertaken whole breast irradiation (WBI). In the SGRT, CT-based plan data were parsed into an in-house computer program through which the reference surfaces were generated in 3D video format. When patients were positioned on treatment Tables, real-time stereovisions were rapidly acquired while the live surface tracking shown steady thorax motion. The real-time surface images were automatically aligned with the reference surface and detected shape and location changes of the breast were online corrected through the Table and beam adjustments. Accumulated dose to each patient was computed according to the frequency distribution of the measured breast locations during beam on time. Application of SGRT had diminished large skin-marking errors of >5-mm and daily breast-setup errors of >10-mm that occurred on half of cases. Accuracy (mean) and precision (two standard deviations) of the breast displacements across the tangential field edges in the (U, V) directions were improved from (−0.5 ± 8.8, 2.2 ± 10.8) mm in conventional setup to (0.4 ± 4.6, 0.7 ± 4.4) mm in the final position while intra-fractional motion contributed only (0.1 ± 2.8, 0.0 ± 2.2) mm in free breathing. Dose uniformity and coverage to targets had both been increased by up to 10% and the lung or heart intersections have been decreased by half of those volumes if they were irradiated at the initial positions. SGRT of BC appears to be feasible regardless of skin tones, as fast as a snapshot for 3D imaging, and very accurate and precise for daily setup of flexible breast targets. Importantly, the technique allows us to verify the breast shape and position during beam-on time.
Modeling the Photoinduced Reconfiguration and Directed Motion of Polymer Gels
Authors: Kuksenok Olga , Balazs Anna C.
Published: July 2013

A remarkable feature of certain biological species is their ability to dramatically alter their shape in response to environmental cues. Here, a computational model for photoresponsive polymer gels that contain spirobenzopyran (SP) chromophores is developed, and it is shown that these materials can undergo 3D biomimetic shape changes under non‐uniform illumination. The SP moieties are hydrophilic in the dark, but become hydrophobic under illumination with blue light. Hence, with the incorporation of these chromophores into gels in aqueous solutions, light can be harnessed to control the gel's swelling or shrinking and, thereby, dynamically alter the gel's shape. The model is first validated by determining the effects of uniform illumination on the temperature‐induced volume phase transitions in these gels, and show good agreement between these results and available experimental data. These gels can also be patterned remotely and reversibly by illuminating the samples through photomasks and, thus, molded into a variety of shapes with feature sizes on the submillimeter length scale. Furthermore, by repeatedly rastering the light source over the sample, the system can be driven to exhibit another biomimetic behavior: sustained, directed motion. The introduction of a temperature gradient provides a means of further controlling this autonomous movement. The results point to a robust method for controllably reconfiguring the morphology of soft materials and driving the self‐organization of multiple reconfigurable pieces into complex architectures.
Greatly Enhanced Thermal Contraction at Room Temperature by Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shen Xingyuan , Viney Christopher , Wang Changchun , Lu Jennifer Q.
Published: July 2013

A crosslinked polyarylamide polymer exhibits novel photothermal behavior, that is, reversible giant contraction in response to near infrared irradiation in addition to normal thermal expansion. Such reversibility is seldom found in a polymeric system. Due to the amphiphilic nature of the benzocyclobutene‐containing triblock copolymer precursor with polyarylamide interacting strongly with few‐walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs), they are dispersed extremely well in the polymer solution at a loading up to at least 5 wt%. Also, strained carbon double bonds on FWCNTs can directly form covalent linkages with the benzocyclobutene groups on the polymer chains via cyclo‐addition. The incorporation of FWCNTs increases mechanical stiffness two‐fold. Exploiting the ability of FWCNTs to effectively convert photon energy into heat and to provide conductive pathways, the NIR‐induced unexpected contraction stress can be further increased dramatically. The systematic study suggests that there is an optimal CNT concentration. At 3 wt% FWCNTs, the enhancement factor for contraction stress is almost 24: 166 kPa with 3 wt% FWCNTs versus 7 kPa without FWCNTs. The colossal photothermal contraction stress generated by this new composite film at ambient condition upon NIR stimulation can lead to the development of new NIR actuators, for example, for biological applications, and create new material platforms for green energy conversion.
Detection of topological matter with quantum gases
Authors: Spielman I. B.
Published: July 2013

Creating and measuring topological matter – with non‐local order deeply embedded in the global structure of its quantum mechanical eigenstates – presents unique experimental challenges. Since this order has no signature in local correlation functions, it might seem experimentally inaccessible in any macroscopic system; however, as the precisely quantized Hall plateaux in integer and fractional quantum Hall systems show, topology can have macroscopic signatures at the system's edges. Ultracold atoms provide new experimental platforms where both the intrinsic topology and the edge behavior can be directly measured. This article reviews, using specific examples, how non‐interacting topological matter may be created and measured in quantum gases.
Structure and properties of polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene blends by solid equal channel angular extrusion
Authors: Li Hong , Huang Chengya , Huang Xun
Published: July 2013

The solid equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process on polypropylene (PP)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) blends was carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the sample structures. Results showed that ECAE process could make PP/HDPE blends to produce orientation structure. Impact performance of ECAE‐PP/HDPE samples after ECAE process improved remarkably, especially for ECAE‐PP/HDPE (90/10)‐O whose impact strength reached 91.91 kJ/m2, 18.1 times higher than that of pure PP and 11.2 times higher than that of PP/HDPE (90/10). The mechanism of enhancing between HDPE and PP was discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39759.
The prominence of a tropical convective signal in the wintertime Arctic temperature
Authors: Yoo Changhyun , Feldstein Steven B. , Lee Sukyoung
Published: July 2013

Power spectral analysis reveals that the Arctic temperature averaged over 60°N–90°N oscillates on intraseasonal time scales, centered at about 40 days. We present evidence that this intraseasonal peak is strongly tied to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. Although an MJO/extratropical surface air temperature relationship has been found in previous studies, our results indicate that this relationship is more prevalent than previously recognized and is strongest at the Arctic surface. This bottom‐heavy temperature structure suggests that Arctic surface warming can arise from remote processes, and not necessarily from surface albedo feedback as previously argued.
A systematic approach to document cyclotide distribution in plant species from genomic, transcriptomic, and peptidomic analysis
Authors: Gerlach Samantha L. , Göransson Ulf , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J. , Mondal Debasis , Gruber Christian W.
Published: July 2013

Cyclotides are a large family of plant peptides characterized by their cyclic cystine knot composed of a circular backbone and three disulfide bonds that impart exceptional stability. They, and several acyclic variants, have been isolated from plants within the Rubiaceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Poaceae families. A variety of chemical and genetic approaches have been applied for the discovery and characterization of cyclotides. As investigations of cyclotide expression, distribution, and phylogeny rapidly increase, the authors have proposed the inclusion of information pertaining to plant species that have been analyzed but do not appear to express cyclotides into the CyBase database. CyBase is dedicated to providing web tools and information about cyclic peptides and proteins to the scientific community. Including detailed information about sampling and analysis parameters of plant species that have been investigated but not published elsewhere should assist in the process of selecting species for establishing new cyclotide discovery projects, as well as for detailed reanalysis using alternative technical approaches. In summary, the collection and deposition of all plant species that have been examined (whether cyclotides have been found or not) would help to impart a deeper understanding of cyclotide discovery, evolution, and physiological function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 433–437, 2013.
Two forms and two faces, multiple states and multiple uses: Properties and applications of the self‐assembling fungal hydrophobins
Authors: Ren Qin , Kwan Ann H. , Sunde Margaret
Published: July 2013

The fungal hydrophobins are small proteins that are able to spontaneously self‐assemble into amphipathic monolayers at hydrophobic:hydrophilic interfaces. These protein monolayers can reverse the wettability of a surface, making them suitable for increasing the biocompatibility of many hydrophobic materials. The self‐assembling properties and amphipathic nature of hydrophobins make them attractive candidates for biotechnological applications. Recently, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the structure and assembly of these remarkable proteins. This opens up the way for engineering these proteins to encompass novel functions and for the use of hydrophobins in modification of nanomaterials. This review highlights the important structural aspects of the hydrophobins and the mechanisms by which they assemble and describes recent exciting developments in the use of hydrophobins for cell attachment, drug delivery, and protein purification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 601–612, 2013.
Growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis suecica F&M‐M33 grown with LEDs of different colors
Authors: Abiusi Fabian , Sampietro Giacomo , Marturano Giovanni , Biondi Natascia , Rodolfi Liliana , D'Ottavio Massimo , Tredici Mario R.
Published: July 2013

The effect of light quality on cell size and cell cycle, growth rate, productivity, photosynthetic efficiency and biomass composition of the marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis suecica F&M‐M33 grown in 2‐L flat panel photobioreactors illuminated with light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different colors was investigated. Biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency were comparable between white and red light, while under blue and green light productivity decreased to less than half and photosynthetic efficiency to about one third. Differences in cell size and number correlated with the cell cycle phase. Under red light cells were smaller and more motile. Chlorophyll content was strongly reduced with red and enhanced with blue light, while carotenoids and gross biomass composition were not affected by light quality. The eicosapentaenoic acid content increased under red light. Red light can substitute white light without affecting productivity of T. suecica F&M‐M33, leading to smaller and more motile cells and increased eicosapentaenoic acid content. Red LEDs can thus be profitably used for the production of this microalga for aquaculture. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 956–964. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sociooccupational and physical outcomes more than 20 years after the diagnosis of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Ottaviani Giulia , Robert Rhonda S. , Huh Winston W. , Palla Shana , Jaffe Norman
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been relatively little research published to date regarding very long‐term survivors of childhood and adolescent osteosarcoma. In the current study, the authors compared the very long‐term survival outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma who were treated with either limb salvage procedures or amputation.

METHODS

A total of 38 patients with osteosarcoma who survived ≥ 20 years from the time of diagnosis were divided into 2 groups according to whether they underwent amputation or limb salvage. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their education, employment, annual income, marital status, health insurance, lifestyle, siblings, and all current and past health issues.

RESULTS

Education, employment, marital status, and health insurance were not found to differ significantly between the 2 groups of survivors, who described themselves as being similar to their siblings. Eight percent of survivors underwent secondary amputation because of complications with an endoprosthesis. The cumulative incidence of second primary neoplasms was 13%, and this finding was significantly higher in females and in survivors who underwent radiotherapy and had a genetic predisposition. The second primary malignancies were breast cancer (ductal invasive carcinoma, ductal in situ carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma), mediastinal leiomyosarcoma, and squamocellular carcinoma of the oral cavity and the uterine cervix. Amputees required more assistive walking support than survivors who received limb salvage treatment (P < .05, chi‐square test).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the many challenges that osteosarcoma survivors face, patients who survived ≥ 20 years after their initial diagnosis reported having overall adjusted well to their physical limitations and were productive individuals. Cancer 2013;119:3727–3736. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Well‐balanced high‐order solver for blood flow in networks of vessels with variable properties
Authors: Müller Lucas O. , Toro Eleuterio F.
Published: July 2013

We present a well‐balanced, high‐order non‐linear numerical scheme for solving a hyperbolic system that models one‐dimensional flow in blood vessels with variable mechanical and geometrical properties along their length. Using a suitable set of test problems with exact solution, we rigorously assess the performance of the scheme. In particular, we assess the well‐balanced property and the effective order of accuracy through an empirical convergence rate study. Schemes of up to fifth order of accuracy in both space and time are implemented and assessed. The numerical methodology is then extended to realistic networks of elastic vessels and is validated against published state‐of‐the‐art numerical solutions and experimental measurements. It is envisaged that the present scheme will constitute the building block for a closed, global model for the human circulation system involving arteries, veins, capillaries and cerebrospinal fluid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha infusion produced insulin resistance but no change in the incretin effect in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nielsen Signe Tellerup , Lehrskov‐Schmidt Louise , Krogh‐Madsen Rikke , Solomon Thomas P. J. , Lehrskov‐Schmidt Lars , Holst Jens Juul , Møller Kirsten
Published: July 2013

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with peripheral insulin resistance, impaired incretin effect, and increased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Although TNF‐α infusion at a dose that induces systemic inflammation in healthy volunteers has been demonstrated to induce peripheral insulin resistance, the influence of this cytokine on the incretin effect is unknown.

Methods

We investigated whether systemic inflammation induced by TNF‐α infusion in healthy volunteers alters the incretin hormone response to oral and intravenous glucose loads in a crossover study design with ten healthy male volunteers (mean age 24 years, mean body mass index 23.7 kg/m2).

The study consisted of four study days: days 1 and 2, 6‐h infusion of saline; days 3 and 4, 6‐h infusion of TNF‐α; days 1 and 3, 4‐h oral glucose tolerance test; and days 2 and 4, 4‐h corresponding intravenous isoglycaemic glucose tolerance test. Glucose tolerance tests were initiated after 2 h of saline/TNF‐α infusion. Plasma concentrations of TNF‐α, interleukin 6, glucose, incretin hormones, and cortisol, and serum concentrations of C‐peptide and insulin were measured throughout the study days. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the Matsuda index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Prehepatic insulin secretion rates were calculated.

Results

TNF‐α infusion induced symptoms of systemic inflammation; increased plasma levels of cortisol, TNF‐α, and interleukin 6; and increased the HOMA‐IR. The secretion of incretin hormones as well as the incretin effect remained unchanged.

Conclusion

In healthy young male volunteers, acute systemic inflammation induced by infusion of TNF‐α is associated with insulin resistance with no change in the incretin effect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic analysis and expression of zebrafish transient receptor potential melastatin family genes
Authors: Kastenhuber Edda , Gesemann Matthias , Mickoleit Michaela , Neuhauss Stephan C.F.
Published: July 2013

Background: The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) gene family belongs to the superfamily of nonselective TRP ion channels. TRP channels are cellular sensors, detecting a multitude of inputs, including temperature, light, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. Recent studies revealed diverse roles during development, linking TRP channels to differentiation, proliferation, cell motility, cell death, and survival. A detailed description of this gene family in the zebrafish is still missing. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed 11 trpm genes in the zebrafish genome. The zebrafish orthologs of mammalian TRPM1 and TRPM4 are duplicated and quadruplicated, respectively, and TRPM8, a cold sensitive channel has been lost in zebrafish. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization experiments revealed dynamic expression pattern of trpm genes in the developing embryo and early larva. Transcripts were mainly found in neural cell clusters, but also in tissues involved in ion homeostasis. Conclusions: Our results suggest a role of TRPM channels in sensory information processing, including vision, olfaction, taste, and mechanosensation. An involvement in developmental processes is likely, as some trpm genes were found to be expressed in differentiating cells. Our data now provide a basis for functional analyses of this gene family of ion channels in the vertebrate model organism Danio rerio. Developmental Dynamics 242:1236–1249, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic development of goldfish (Carassius auratus): A model for the study of evolutionary change in developmental mechanisms by artificial selection
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Yuan , Chang Mariann , Liu Shih‐Chieh , Abe Gembu , Ota Kinya G.
Published: July 2013

Background: Highly divergent morphology among the different goldfish strains (Carassius auratus) may make it a suitable model for investigating how artificial selection has altered developmental mechanisms. Here we describe the embryological development of the common goldfish (the single fin Wakin), which retains the ancestral morphology of this species. Results: We divided goldfish embryonic development into seven periods consisting of 34 stages, using previously reported developmental indices of zebrafish and goldfish. Although several differences were identified in terms of their yolk size, epiboly process, pigmentation patterns, and development rate, our results indicate that the embryonic features of these two teleost species are highly similar in their overall morphology from the zygote to hatching stage. Conclusions: These results provide an opportunity for further study of the evolutionary relationship between domestication and development, through applying well‐established zebrafish molecular biological resources to goldfish embryos. Developmental Dynamics 242:1262–1283, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Ionic Liquids Based on the N,N‐Bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine Anion – Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Dong Lin‐Lin , He Ling , Liu Hang‐Yu , Tao Guo‐Hong , Nie Fu‐De , Huang Ming , Hu Chang‐Wei
Published: July 2013

N,N‐Bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine anions (HBTA–/BTA2–) were used as suitable nitrogen‐rich components for the construction of energetic ionic liquids. Seven ionic liquids, namely, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium (1, [C1mim]HBTA), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (2, [C2mim]HBTA), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (3, [C4mim]HBTA), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (4, [C6mim]HBTA), 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium (5, [C8mim]HBTA), and 1,2,3‐trimethylimidazolium (6, [C1mmim]HBTA) cations with the HBTA– anion and di‐1,2,3‐trimethylimidazolium N,N‐bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine (7, [C1mmim]2BTA), were synthesized. All materials were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of 1 and 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [1: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 14.0653(4) Å, b = 6.9507(2) Å, c = 22.4699(7) Å, β = 93.996(3)°, V = 2191.38(12) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.511 g cm–3; 7: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 17.5869(3) Å, b = 12.8757(2) Å, c = 21.9203(6) Å, β = 125.0580(10)°, V = 4063.15(15) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.221 g cm–3]. The nitrogen contents of 1–7 exceed 40 %, and 1 has the highest value of 61.78 %. The ionic liquids 1–7 are thermally stable to 220 °C, and 2–5 are room‐temperature ionic liquids. The heats of formation of 1–7 obtained by both experimental and theoretical methods are all positive. The ionic liquids 1–7 are insensitive towards impact (>40 J) and friction (>360 N). They can be ignited in air. These new energetic ionic liquids contain only C, H, and N and are of interest as potential propellants with high energy, high thermal stability, low sensitivity to impact and friction, and environmentally friendly decomposition gases.
Synthesis of 1‐Aminocodeine as a Synthon for Other Codeine Derivatives
Authors: Cankař Petr , Popa Igor , Trávníček Zdeněk , Stýskala Jakub , Hradil Pavel , Slouka Jan
Published: July 2013

The first nitration of codeine by using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate under mild reaction conditions is described. The resulting 1‐nitrocodeine was reduced to 1‐aminocodeine, a key precursor for the synthesis of the azo derivative and several hydrazones. Structures of both 1‐nitrocodeine and 1‐aminocodeine were unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The reported preliminary synthetic study lays the groundwork for the synthesis of modified codeine derivatives with potential biological activity.
CE‐MS based on moving reaction boundary method for urinary metabolomic analysis of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Chen Jin‐Lian , Fan Jing , Lu Xiao‐jie
Published: July 2013

There is still a lack of satisfactory tumor markers for gastric cancer (GasC). This study is aimed at optimizing parameters in CE‐MS based on moving reaction boundary (MRB) so as to improve its sensitivity and stability, and at searching for potential tumor markers of GasC in patients’ urine samples via MRB‐CE‐MS. In this study, several parameters of MRB‐CE‐MS were investigated and optimized in order to gain optimal stability, sensitivity, and specificity, and was afterwards evaluated as valid. Subsequently, urine samples from GasC patients and control subjects were subjected to MRB‐CE‐MS analysis under optimized conditions, which successfully distinguished GasC patients from controls, as well as early‐stage patients from advanced stage patients. Differentiation performance was evaluated by area under the curve, which showed fine differential value between GasC patients and controls, as well as between early and advanced stage patients (area under the curve value 1.0 and 0.847, respectively). In conclusion, this study established a set of feasible and useful methodology in searching potential tumor markers in urine samples from GasC patients. Moreover, several amino acids have been recognized as potential tumor markers that deserve further investigation.
Combined constraints on global ocean primary production using observations and models
Authors: Buitenhuis Erik T. , Hashioka Taketo , Quéré Corinne Le
Published: July 2013

Primary production is at the base of the marine food web and plays a central role for global biogeochemical cycles. Yet global ocean primary production is known to only a factor of ~2, with previous estimates ranging from 38 to 65 Pg C yr−1and no formal uncertainty analysis. Here, we present an improved global ocean biogeochemistry model that includes a mechanistic representation of photosynthesis and a new observational database of net primary production (NPP) in the ocean. We combine the model and observations to constrain particulate NPP in the ocean with statistical metrics. The PlankTOM5.3 model includes a new photosynthesis formulation with a dynamic representation of iron‐light colimitation, which leads to a considerable improvement of the interannual variability of surface chlorophyll. The database includes a consistent set of 50,050 measurements of14C primary production. The model best reproduces observations when global NPP is 58 ± 7 Pg C yr−1, with a most probable value of 56 Pg C yr−1. The most probable value is robust to the model used. The uncertainty represents 95% confidence intervals. It considers all random errors in the model and observations, but not potential biases in the observations. We show that tropical regions (23°S–23°N) contribute half of the global NPP, while NPPs in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are approximately equal in spite of the larger ocean area in the South.
Influence of entrainment on the thermal stratification in simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium
Authors: Singh Martin S. , O'Gorman Paul A.
Published: July 2013

Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is shown to increase rapidly with warming in simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium over a wide range of surface temperatures. The increase in CAPE implies a systematic deviation of the thermal stratification from moist adiabatic that is non‐negligible at high temperatures. However, cloud buoyancy remains much smaller than what CAPE would imply because entrainment is more effective in reducing buoyancy in warmer atmospheres. An entraining plume model in the limit of zero cloud buoyancy is shown to reproduce the increase in CAPE with warming if the entrainment rate is held fixed and increases in the vertical extent of convection are taken into account. These model results together with radiosonde observations are used to support a conceptual model in which entrainment plays a role in determining the thermal stratification of the tropical atmosphere.
Magnetogravitational Instability of a Walters B’ Viscoelastic Rotating Anisotropic Heat‐Conducting Fluid in Brinkman Porous Medium
Authors: El‐Sayed M.F. , Hussein D.F.
Published: July 2013

Instability of a Walters B′ viscoelastic rotating anisotropic heat‐conducting plasma with modified Chew–Goldberger–Low equations is discussed under a gravitational force and uniform magnetic field in a Brinkman porous medium. The general dispersion relation is obtained using normal mode analysis, and it is reduced for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. These conditions are discussed for the axis of rotation along and perpendicular to the magnetic field. The stability of the system in the two directions is discussed both analytically and numerically. The numerical analysis is performed to show the effects of various parameters, namely, rotation, pressure anisotropy, medium permeability, porosity of porous medium, kinematic viscosity, kinematic viscoelasticity, and heat flux on the stability of the considered system. The Jeans condition of gravitational instability is obtained for both cases of propagation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res 43(2): 93‐112, 2014; Published online 31 July 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21064
High tumor interstitial fluid pressure identifies cervical cancer patients with improved survival from radiotherapy plus cisplatin versus radiotherapy alone
Authors: Milosevic Michael F. , Pintilie Melania , Hedley David W. , Bristow Robert G. , Wouters Bradly G. , Oza Amit M. , Laframboise Stephane , Hill Richard P. , Fyles Anthony W.
Published: July 2013

Radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent cisplatin (CRT) is standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. However, not all patients benefit from the addition of cisplatin to RT alone. This study explored the value of pretreatment tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and hypoxia measurements as predictors of cisplatin response in 291 patients who were treated with RT (1994–1998) or RT plus concurrent cisplatin (1999–2009). Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups, apart from a greater proportion of patients with pelvic lymph node metastases and hypoxic tumors in the CRT cohort. Patients were followed for a median duration of 5.6 years. Information about recurrence and survival was recorded prospectively. The addition of cisplatin to RT improved survival compared to treatment with RT alone (HR 0.61, p = 0.0097). This improvement was confined to patients with high‐IFP tumors at diagnosis (HR 0.40, p = 0.00091). There was no benefit of adding cisplatin in those with low‐IFP tumors (HR 1.05, p = 0.87). There was no difference in the effectiveness of cisplatin in patients with more or less hypoxic tumors. In conclusion, patients with locally advanced cervical cancer and high tumor IFP at diagnosis have greater benefit from the addition of cisplatin to RT than those with low IFP. This may reflect high tumor cell proliferation, which is known to influence IFP, local tumor control and patient survival.
Cold War Science
Authors: Branscomb Lewis M.
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

A Scientist at the White House by George B. Kistiakowsky
Model Mania
Authors: Eden Murray
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

On Systems Analysis by David Berlinski
Cosmic Roots
Authors: Ruderman Malvin
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The First Three Minutes by Steven Weinberg
Voices of the Gods
Authors: Blakemore Colin
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Julian Jaynes
Was Freud Right?
Authors: Kovel Joel
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy by Seymour Fisher and Roger P. Greenberg
Let There Be Light
Authors: Glass Bentley
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Science Textbook Controversies and the Politics of Equal Time by Dorothy Nelkin
That Old Devil
Authors: Gornitz Vivien
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The Moon Book: Exploring the Mysteries of the Lunar World by Bevan French
Rhythm and Blues
Authors: Beyer Robert T.
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The Tuning of the World by R. Murray Schafer
Pest Asides
Authors: O'Brien Richard D.
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Pesticides and Human Welfare Edited by D.L. Gunn and J.G.R. Stevens
Upward and Onward
Authors: Garber Paul
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secret of the Wright Brothers by Harry Combs with Martin Caldin
The Power of the Press
Authors: Montagu Ashley
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The Printing Press as an Agent of Change by Elizabeth L. Eisenstein
Access to Atoms
Authors: SCHEINMAN LAWRENCE
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

PLUTONIUM, POWER AND POLITICS, by Gene I. Rochlin
Steps in the Stream
Authors: Scarr Sandra
Published: July 2013

Constancy and Change in Human Development Orville G. Brim, Jr., and Jerome Kagan, Editors
Gentlemen's Agreement
Authors: Eldredge Niles
Published: July 2013

The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the Unification of Biology Edited by Ernst Mayr and William B. Provine
Nature Under Glass
Authors: Montagu Ashley
Published: July 2013

THE HEYDAY OF NATURAL HISTORY 1820–1870 by Lynn Barber
Family Reunion
Authors: HESTON LEONARD L.
Published: July 2013

IDENTICAL TWINS REARED APART A Reanalysis by Susan L. Farber
All in the Nuclear Family
Authors: DAVIES PAUL
Published: July 2013

SUPERSPACE AND SUPERGRAVITY edited by Stephen Hawking and Martin Roçek
Tinker, Thinker
Authors: JUDSON HORACE FREELAND
Published: July 2013

THE LOGIC OF LIFE by Francois Jacob

THE POSSIBLE AND THE ACTUAL by François Jacob
Women's Rites
Authors: Weisner Thomas S. , Price‐Williams Douglass
Published: July 2013

EMERGING FROM THE CHRYSALIS Studies in Rituals of Women's Initiation by Bruce Lincoln
Reptilian Rage
Authors: MONTAGU ASHLEY
Published: July 2013

THE CROCODILE MAN: A Case of Brain Chemistry and Criminal Violence by André Mayer and Michael Wheeler
Loyal and Lonely Inventors
Authors: Florman Samuel C.
Published: July 2013

THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF INNOVATION Bureaucrats, Families, and Heroes in the Early Industrial Revolution, as Foreseen in Bacon's New Atlantis by Anthony F.C. Wallace
CAN PSYCHOANALYSIS BE SAVED?
Authors: Hobson J. Allan
Published: July 2013

MIND, BRAIN, BODY: Toward a Convergence of Psychoanalysis and Neurobiology by Morton F. Reiser

BRAIN AND PSYCHE: The Biology of the Unconscious by Jonathan Winson

THE FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS: A Philosophical Critique by Adolf Grünbaum
OF RATS AND MEN
Authors: Gottfried Robert S.
Published: July 2013

THE BLACK DEATH: A Biological Reappraisal by Graham Twigg
THE ENERGY AROUND US
Authors: Adey W. Ross
Published: July 2013

THE BODY ELECTRIC: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life by Robert O. Becker and Gary Selden

THE MICROWAVE DEBATE: by Nicholas H. Steneck
CAPSULES FOR THE CARGO OF LIFE
Authors: Heinrich Bernd
Published: July 2013

EGGS Nature's Perfect Package by Robert Burton
MORTAL DECISIONS
Authors: Lasagna Louis
Published: July 2013

WHAT KIND OF LIFE The Limits of Medical Progress by Daniel Callahan Simon and Schuster;

WHO LIVES? WHO DIES? Ethical Criteria in Patient Selection by John F. Kilner
BRUTE INTELLECT
Authors: Byrne Richard W.
Published: July 2013

COGNITIVE ETHOLOGY The Minds of Other Animals Essays in Honor of Donald R. Griffin edited by Caroline A. Ristau

HOW MONKEYS SEE THE WORLD Inside the Mind of Another Species by Dorothy L. Cheney and Robert M. Seyfarth
STUCK IN NEUTRAL
Authors: Forman Paul
Published: July 2013

VALUE‐FREE SCIENCE? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge by Robert N. Proctor

UNCERTAINTY The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg by David C. Cassidy
SEPARATED BY BIRTH
Authors: Lenoir Timothy
Published: July 2013

AN AGENDA FOR ANTIQUITY Henry Fairfield Osborn & Vertebrate Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History, 1890–1935 by Ronald Rainger
Which Came First?
Authors: WILLS CHRISTOPHER
Published: July 2013

Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity by William H. Durham
Outlaws in Cyberspace
Authors: KROL ED
Published: July 2013

Secrets of a Super Hacker by The Knightmare
Figures of Speech
Authors: BERREBY DAVID
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

The Linguistics Wars by Randy Allen Harris
Mesozoic Errors
Authors: MERCK JOHN W.
Published: July 2013

DinoSource Company: Westwind Media Paleontological consultant: None listed Compatibility: Macintosh/Windows

Microsoft Dinosaurs Company: Microsoft Corporation Paleontological consultants: David B. Weishampel, Johns Hopkins

Dinosaurs! The Multimedia Encyclopedia Company: Media Design Interactive Paleontological consultant: Angela C. Milner

Smithsonian Institution Dinosaur Museum Company: SoftKey International Paleontological consultants: Raymond Rye, Michael K. Brett‐Surmann, Nicholas Hotton III
Low‐Pressure Zone
Authors: SWEITZER JAMES S.
Published: July 2013

THE STORM CHASER HOMEPAGE World‐ Wide web http:taiga.geog.niu.educhaser.html
Toward a Science of Desire
Authors: MURRAY DAVID W.
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Eros and Evolution: A Natural Philosophy of Sex by Richard E. Michod

The Invention of Heterosexuality by Jonathan Ned Katz

The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States by Edward O. Laumann, John H. Gagnon Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels
Perverse Logic
Authors: KITCHER PHILIP
Published: July 2013

Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality by Simon LeVay
Vascularization and cellular isolation potential of a novel electrospun cell delivery vehicle
Authors: Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Touroo Jeremy , Reed Robert , Boland Eugene , Hoying James B. , Williams Stuart K.
Published: July 2013

A clinical need exists for a cell delivery device that supports long‐term cell viability, cell retention within the device and retrieval of delivered cells if necessary. Previously, cell isolation devices have been based on hollow fiber membranes, porous polymer scaffolds, alginate systems, or micro‐machined membranes. We present the development and characterization of a novel dual porosity electrospun membrane based device, which supports cellular infiltration and vascularization of its outer porous layer and maintains cellular isolation within a lumen bounded by an inner low porosity layer. Electrospinning conditions were initially established to support electrospun fiber deposition onto nonconductive silicone surfaces. With these parameters established, devices for in vivo evaluations were produced using nylon as a nonconductive scaffold for deposition of dual porosity electrospun fibers. The outer porous layer supported the development of a penetrating microcirculation and the membrane supported the transfer of insulin from encapsulated sustained release pellets for 4 weeks. Viable cells implanted within the device could be identified after 2 weeks of implantation. Through the successful demonstration of survival and cellular isolation of human epithelial cells within the implanted devices and the ability to use the device to deliver insulin, we have established the utility of this device toward localized cell transplantation. The cell delivery device establishes a platform to test the feasibility of approaches to cell dose control and cell localization at the site of implantation in the clinical use of modified autologous or allogeneic cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2208–2219, 2014.
Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel‐based adipose tissue engineering applications
Authors: Korurer Esra , Kenar Halime , Doger Emek , Karaoz Erdal
Published: July 2013

Standard approaches to soft‐tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet‐poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD‐MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation assay of AD‐MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2220–2229, 2014.
Elaidate, an 18‐Carbon trans‐Monoenoic Fatty Acid, Inhibits β‐Oxidation in Human Peripheral Blood Macrophages
Authors: Zacherl Janelle R. , Mihalik Stephanie J. , Chace Donald H. , Christensen Tyson C. , Robinson Lisa J. , Blair Harry C.
Published: July 2013

Consumption of trans‐unsaturated fatty acids promotes atherosclerosis, but whether degradation of fats in macrophages is altered by trans‐unsaturated fatty acids is unknown. We compared the metabolism of oleate (C18:1Δ9‐10 cis; (Z)‐octadec‐9‐enoate), elaidate (C18:Δ9‐10 trans; (E)‐octadec‐9‐enoate), and stearate (C18:0, octadecanoate) in adherent peripheral human macrophages. Metabolism was followed by measurement of acylcarnitines in cell supernatants by MS/MS, determination of cellular fatty acid content by GC/MS, and assessment of β‐oxidation rates using radiolabeled fatty acids. Cells incubated for 44 h in 100 µM elaidate accumulated more unsaturated fatty acids, including both longer‐ and shorter‐chain, and had reduced C18:0 relative to those incubated with oleate or stearate. Both C12:1 and C18:1 acylcarnitines accumulated in supernatants of macrophages exposed to trans fats. These results suggested β‐oxidation inhibition one reaction proximal to the trans bond. Comparison of [1‐14C]oleate to [1‐14C]elaidate catabolism showed that elaidate completed the first round of fatty acid β‐oxidation at rates comparable to oleate. Yet, in competitive β‐oxidation assays with [9,10‐3H]oleate, tritium release rate decreased when unlabeled oleate was replaced by the same quantity of elaidate. These data show specific inhibition of monoenoic fat catabolism by elaidate that is not shared by other atherogenic fats. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 62–70, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐214 Protects Cardiac Myocytes Against H2O2‐Induced Injury
Authors: Lv Guangwei , Shao Suxia , Dong Hua , Bian Xiaohua , Yang Xingwei , Dong Shimin
Published: July 2013

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced cardiac myocyte injury resulting from changes in the expression levels of multiple genes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous heart diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential roles of microRNA‐214 (miR‐214) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐mediated gene regulation in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we used quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) to demonstrate that miR‐214 was upregulated in cardiac myocytes after treatment with H2O2. We transfected cells with pre‐miR‐214 to upregulate miR‐214 expression and transfected cells with a miR‐214 inhibitor (anti‐miR‐214) to downregulate miR‐214 expression. H2O2‐induced cardiac cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The level of apoptosis was increased by the miR‐214 inhibitor and decreased by pre‐miR‐214. Therefore, we believe that miR‐214 plays a positive role in H2O2‐induced cardiac cell apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is constitutively active and is considered to be the primary downregulator of the pro‐oncogenic PI3K/Akt pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the PTEN protein in cardiac myocytes decreased after H2O2 induction. Anti‐miR‐214 increased PTEN protein expression level, in contrast, pre‐miR‐214 decreased the PTEN protein expression level in cultured cardiac myocytes. These results indicate that PTEN is regulated by miR‐214 and serves as an important target of miR‐214 in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, miR‐214 is sensitive to H2O2 stimulation, and miR‐214 protects cardiac myocytes against H2O2‐induced injury via one of its targets, PTEN. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 93–101, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Mendelsohn Triple Systems of Order 13
Authors: Khatirinejad Mahdad , Östergård Patric R. J. , Popa Alexandru
Published: July 2013

A triple cyclically contains the ordered pairs , , , and no others. A Mendelsohn triple system of order v, or , is a set V together with a collection of ordered triples of distinct elements from V, such that and each ordered pair with is cyclically contained in exactly λ ordered triples. By means of a computer search, we classify all Mendelsohn triple systems of order 13 with ; there are 6 855 400 653 equivalence classes of such systems.
What does team–member exchange bring to the party? A meta‐analytic review of team and leader social exchange
Authors: Banks George C. , Batchelor John H. , Seers Anson , O'Boyle Ernest H. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Gower Kim
Published: July 2013

Both leader–member exchange (LMX) and team–member exchange (TMX) measure the quality of reciprocal exchange among employees in the workplace. Although LMX focuses on supervisor–subordinate relationships while TMX examines the relationships among team members, both have theory‐based and empirically proven relations with workplace outcomes such as job performance, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. However, it is not yet known which has more of an impact on such workplace outcomes—specifically, it is not clear if an employee's time is best spent developing vertical relationships among supervisors and subordinates (LMX) or on the horizontal relationships among team members (TMX). Accordingly, this meta‐analysis explores the incremental validity and relative importance of these two social exchange‐based constructs. The theoretical logic underlying LMX and TMX is clarified, and the parameter estimates between LMX, TMX, and work outcomes are reported. Results demonstrate that TMX shows incremental validity above and beyond LMX for some outcomes (organizational commitment and job satisfaction), but not others (job performance and turnover intentions). Also, LMX shows greater relative importance across all four outcomes. In sum, the clarification of the theoretical and empirical landscape lays a foundation for recommendations for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature and pH‐Tunable Fluorescence Nanoplatform with Graphene Oxide and BODIPY‐Conjugated Polymer for Cell Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Mosaiab Tamim , In Insik , Park Sung Y.
Published: July 2013

This paper demonstrates the development of pH and thermo‐responsive fluorescent nanoparticles, which are composed of graphene oxide (GO) with BODIPY conjugated PEG, to trigger the detection of cancer cells through imaging based on intracellular accommodation. Responsiveness to pH is studied using atomic force microscopy and apparent thickness differences are seen with changes in pH. Confocal images of the nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit remarkably bright fluorescence at lysosomal pH, while no fluorescence is observed under a physiological environment, making the NPs a novel fluorescent probe. The NPs are able to accumulate the hydrophobic anticancer drug DOX due to the hydrophobic surface of GO and show excellent drug release behavior. Therefore, the NPs developed are novel candidates for a fluorescent probe to identify cancer cells and a drug carrier for cancer therapy.

image