bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GPER1 signaling restricts macrophage proliferation and accumulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Wang Yongchun , Zou Hao , Li Zhixiong , Chen Weibai , Huang Zhijie , Weng Yulan , Yu Xingjuan , Xu Jing , Zheng Limin
Published: November 2024

Background

Sex hormones and their related receptors have been reported to impact the development and progression of tumors. However, their influence on the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the influence of sex disparities on the proliferation and accumulation of macrophages, one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was applied to assess the density of immune cells in HCC tissues. The role of sex hormone related signaling in macrophage proliferation was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The underlying regulatory mechanisms were examined with both in vitro experiments and murine HCC models.

Results

We found higher levels of macrophage proliferation and density in tumor tissues from male patients compared to females. The expression of G protein–coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), a non-classical estrogen receptor, was significantly decreased in proliferating macrophages, and was inversely correlated with macrophage proliferation in HCC tumors. Activation of GPER1 signaling with a selective agonist G-1 suppressed macrophage proliferation by downregulating the MEK/ERK pathway. Additionally, G-1 treatment reduced PD-L1 expression on macrophages and delayed tumor growth in mice. Moreover, patients with a higher percentage of GPER1+ macrophages exhibited longer overall survival and recurrence-free survival compared to those with a lower level.

Conclusions

These findings reveal a novel role of GPER1 signaling in regulating macrophage proliferation and function in HCC tumors and may offer a potential strategy for designing therapies based on understanding sex-related disparities of patients.
FLAIR vascular hyperintensity is associated with functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke receiving endovascular treatment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Wang Chuanliu , Ni Yongjun
Published: November 2024

Background

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) might be useful for predicting and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), but its clinical benefit remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of FVH on prognosis in ischemic stroke patients who received EVT.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases were searched for potentially eligible studies published up to March 2024. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD), risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were employed to assess the association of FVH on prognosis in ischemic stroke patients who received EVT. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12.0 software.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included in our study. The results indicated that higher FVH score were associated with better prognosis (SMD: 0.80, 95% CI 0.63–0.97). Moreover, the presence of FVH was significant associated with better functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients who received EVT (RR: 0.68, 95% CI, 0.58–0.79).

Conclusion

The current meta-analysis suggests that FVH is related the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after EVT.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the survival and estimate surgical benefits for gastric cancer with liver metastasis receiving primary tumor resection
Authors: Su Rishun , Sun Xuezeng , Chen Songyao , Deng Guofei , Yin Songcheng , He Yulong , Hao Tengfei , Gu Liang , Zhang Changhua
Published: November 2024

Background

Surgical treatment has been widely controversial for gastric cancer accompanied by liver metastasis (GCLM). This paper aims to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the survival and estimate surgical benefits for GCLM patients.

Methods

A total of 616 GCLM patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and 74 GCLM patients receiving primary tumor resection (PTR) from the Chinese center were included in this study. Patients from the SEER database were divided into training set (with PTR) (n=493) and non-operative set (without PTR) (n=123). Patients undergoing PTR from China were included as external validation set. Independent risk factors associated with the overall survival of GCLM patients undergoing PTR were identified in the training set via log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Afterwards, a comprehensive model and corresponding nomogram were constructed and validated by validation set.

Results

The survival of patients undergoing PTR (n=493) was longer than that without PTR (n=123) (log-rank test, p<0.0001) in SEER cohort. T stage (HR=1.40, 95% CI=1.14, 1.73), differentiation grade (HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.17, 1.85), non-hepatic metastases (HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.29, 2.21), and adjuvant therapy (HR=0.34, 95% CI= 0.28, 0.42) were closely related with the survival of GCLM with PTR, and thus, a four-factor nomogram was established. However, GCLM patients receiving PTR in the high-risk subgroup (n=255) screened out by the nomogram did not have better survival outcomes compared with patients without PTR (n=123) (log-rank test, p=0.25).

Conclusions

The nomogram could predict survival of GCLM patients receiving PTR with acceptable accuracy. In addition, although PTR did improve the survival of whole GCLM patients, patients in the high-risk subgroup were unable to benefit from PTR, which could assist clinicians to make decisions for the treatment of GCLM.
Preliminary experience using MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Atienza Caiden , Shepard Andrew , Uzomah Uwajachukwumma , Rajan Shri Kiriti , Anderson Carryn M. , Katzer Joel , Rusu Samuel , St-Aubin Joel , Smith Blake , Hyer Daniel
Published: November 2024

This retrospective study evaluates the dosimetric benefits of adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients. Five patients with node-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with MR-guided radiotherapy using the Elekta Unity MR-Linac, undergoing 3-4 offline adaptive plan modifications during their treatment. This study compared the dose delivered to organs at risk (OARs) in a full offline adaptive approach versus an approach accounting only for daily setup. Results demonstrated a reduction in mean dose to critical structures in the offline adaptive arm. For example, the pharynx avoidance structure showed mean dose reductions ranging from 1.4 Gy to 3.6 Gy, and the left parotid gland exhibited reductions from 1.5 Gy to 1.9 Gy. Overall, offline adaptive radiotherapy reduced the mean cumulative dose to OARs in 19 of the 23 evaluated structures. Despite some instances of higher doses, the offline adaptive approach generally resulted in lower cumulative doses, emphasizing its potential to mitigate radiation-induced side effects. These findings suggest that offline adaptive radiotherapy has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by better accommodating anatomical changes during therapy, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment-related morbidity.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting histologic subtypes of subpleural non-small cell lung cancer using ultrasound parameters and clinical data
Authors: Mao Feng , Shen Mengjun , Zhang Yi , Chen Hongwei , Cong Yang , Zhu Huiming , Tang Chunhong , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Yin
Published: November 2024

Aims

To develop and validate an individualized nomogram for differentiating the histologic subtypes (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) of subpleural non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on ultrasound parameters and clinical data.

Methods

This study was conducted retrospectively between March 2018 and December 2019. Patients were randomly assigned to a development cohort (DC, n=179) and a validation cohort (VC, n=77). A total of 7 clinical parameters and 16 ultrasound parameters were collected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was employed to identify the most significant predictors utilizing a 10-fold cross-validation. The multivariate logistic regression model was applied to investigate the relevant factors. An individualized nomogram was then developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied for model validation in both DC and VC.

Results

Following the final regression analysis, gender, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, lesion size and perfusion defect in contrast-enhanced ultrasound were entered into the nomogram. The model showed moderate predictive ability, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.867 for DC and 0.838 for VC. The calibration curves of the model showed good agreement between actual and predicted probabilities. The ROC and DCA curves demonstrated that the nomogram exhibited a good predictive performance.

Conclusion

We developed a nomogram that can predict the histologic subtypes of subpleural NSCLC. Both internal and external validation revealed optimal discrimination and calibration, indicating that the nomogram may have clinical utility. This model has the potential to assist clinicians in making treatment recommendations.
Huyang Yangkun formula regulates the mitochondria pathway of ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis through FTO/m6A-P53 pathway
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Lingdi , Liu Jian , Nie Guangning , Yang Hongyan
Published: November 2024

Background

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to female reproductive health. The Huyang Yangkun Formula (HYF), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been utilized in clinical settings for the treatment of POI for over a decade. Nevertheless, the therapeutic application of HYF is considerably constrained by the lack of clarity regarding its underlying mechanism of action.

Methods

The experimental procedures entailed administering VCD to female Sprague-Dawley rats at a dosage of 160 mg/kg/day over a period of 15 days, succeeded by a 100-day treatment with HYF. Blood serum samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA to quantify the concentrations of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Estradiol (E2). The levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) were assessed through Dot blot analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Western blotting was employed to validate the differential expression of m6A-related catalytic enzymes and apoptosis-related regulators, including BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1, which may be implicated in the effects of HYF. Certain shRNA-COV434 cell line was constructed for the exploration of molecular mechanism, and then the potential targets were finally verified by MeRIP-qPCR.

Results

HYF has been identified as having a significant influence on the development of residual ovarian follicles in rats with POI, especially during the initial stages. It was observed that HYF facilitates the progression of escaping antral follicles to full maturation. Additionally, HYF exhibited the capacity to enhance the proliferation of COV434, a human ovarian granulosa cell line, while concurrently inhibiting apoptosis within these cells. Notably, HYF treatment resulted in the downregulation of apoptotic proteins, including BCL-XL, cleaved-caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bcl-2. Concurrently, m6A modification is implicated in the regulation of HYF. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that FTO may play a role in the anti-apoptotic mechanisms mediated by m6A in ovarian granulosa cells influenced by HYF. Moreover, employing qPCR and MeRIP-qPCR techniques, P53 has been identified as the target gene for m6A modification mediated by FTO.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that HYF holds promise as a potential treatment for POI and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which HYF operates, specifically its ability to prevent the BCL-2 mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated by P53 in ovarian granulosa cells of POI rats by regulating FTO/m6A-Tp53.
Exploring the role of TikTok for intersectionality marginalized groups: the case of Muslim female content creators in Germany
Authors: El Sayed Fatima , Hotait Nader
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Social media has become a central part of everyday life, providing spaces for communication, self-expression, and social mobilization. TikTok, specifically, has emerged as a prominent platform for marginalized groups, providing opportunities for activism and representation. However, research falls short in examining the specific role of TikTok for Muslim women in Germany who face intersecting forms of marginalization. This shortcoming reflects a broader lack of research on the experiences of marginalized groups within TikTok’s logics and affordances, and what functions the platform fulfills for these communities. Against this backdrop, this study examines TikTok’s role as a platform for Muslim female content creators in Germany and its broader implications for marginalized communities. Our research is guided by the following questions: (a) What are the main themes and topics that are being brought forward by Muslim women content creators on TikTok? (b) What technical affordances do they use to communicate their content? (c) What functions does TikTok fulfill for Muslim women as an intersectionally marginalized group?.

Methods

We analyze 320 videos from 32 public TikTok accounts identified through snowball sampling. Data collection includes automated web scraping, manual transcription, and qualitative coding. This allows us to identify main topics, video formats, and content types to answer our research questions.

Results

Our findings show that Muslim women produce diverse content on TikTok, ranging from beauty and lifestyle to religious education and social justice. They shape the platform’s functionalities through creative use, while TikTok’s algorithm and virality logic drive creators to blend entertainment with personal content. The hijab emerges as a unique issue, framed within both political and fashion discourses. Overall, TikTok functions as a “third space” where Muslim women challenge mainstream stereotypes and offer alternative interpretations of their identity. While TikTok provides empowerment and visibility, it also exposes Muslim women to hate speech and harassment. The platform provides tools to counter these issues, but the underlying social hierarchies often limit their visibility, making TikTok both a site of empowerment and vulnerability.

Discussion

This study highlights the need for further research into the role of social media for marginalized groups, particularly across platforms, gender, and religion.
How stress influences short video addiction in China: an extended compensatory internet use model
Authors: Hu Huiyuan , Huang Meilin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The rise of short video applications has become a defining feature of modern digital media consumption, drawing increasing attention from researchers due to issues related to short video addiction. While earlier studies have examined the perceived stress as a cause of short video addiction, there is limited understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two variables. Building on compensatory Internet use (CIU) theory, this study introduces an extended model (E-CIU) to explore how stress, compensatory motivations (i.e., social interaction and relaxing entertainment), and affective responses (i.e., immersion and attitude) relate to short video addiction. This study also examines differences between the age groups.

Methods

Data from 319 Chinese short video users were tested applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis.

Results

Findings indicate that stress, immersion, and attitude each contribute positively to short video addiction. Stress is linked to both social interaction and relaxing entertainment. While both factors positively affect attitude toward short videos, only relaxing entertainment enhances immersion. Results confirmed the perceived stress indirectly influences short video addiction through a serial mediating pathway comprising motivations and affective responses. Moreover, the study shows that perceived stress influences social interaction, relaxing entertainment influences attitude and immersion, and social interaction influences immersion across all age groups. The study further identified variations in how different groups experience the relationship between stress and addiction, stress and relaxation, attitude and addiction, and immersion and addiction.

Discussion

Consequently, this study enriches the understanding of the E-CIU as a new theoretical model of short video addiction. These insights offer practical recommendations for short video applications to address user engagement and addiction more effectively.
Benchmarking the medication efficiency and technological progress of diabetes drugs
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Wang Chen , Xu Ting , Liu Lin , Ban Xuyan , Liu Weijie , Yan Chenli , Han Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetes poses a serious global challenge, given its increasing prevalence, detrimental effects on public health, and substantial economic burden. Since 1950s, tens of drugs have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the past decade, the medical community and regulatory agencies have moved away from the glucose-centric paradigm and increasingly call for a holistic approach to assess different treatments’ benefits and harms.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the medication efficiency and technological progress of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) drugs, by considering their physiological outcomes, including both benefits (i.e., glucose lowering and weight loss) and adverse effects (mortality), relative to dosing frequency.

Methods

To derive medication efficiency, this study utilized data from the US FDA and prominent meta-analyses. Given that both the benefits and adverse effects of medications are multidimensional, this study employed a nonparametric frontier method, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, to integrate these factors into a measure of medication efficiency. Physiological outcomes could assume both positive and negative values. Adverse effects were regarded undesirable outputs. The DEA model was built under the framework of directional distance function and was able to handle negative and undesirable values which naturally arose in the case of T2D medications.

Results

The paper presented a ranking of 20 T2D drugs in terms of medication efficiency. Three of them were able to attain the highest medication efficiency, all of which were in the GLP-1 class, including oral Semaglutide, subcutaneous Semaglutide and Dulaglutide. However, the other two GLP-1 drugs, Lixisenatide and Liraglutide, were less efficient. The average medication efficiency of drugs approved post-2010 was significantly higher than pre-2010 drugs. High dose frequency, low HbA1c reduction and insignificant weight loss were the main driving factors behind inefficiencies. Overall, medication efficiency provided an alternative perspective on treatment effectiveness other than conventional measures such as cost-effectiveness.
Characteristics, potential sources, and cancer risk apportionment of PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Bengbu, Central China
Authors: Wu Danchen , Ma Zhijing , Diao Haitao , Wang Wanru , Chen Liu , Zhou Dalin , Yang Jing , Zhen Quan
Published: November 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 342 daily PM10 samples collected in four seasons at a site in Bengbu, China. This study was a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the emission sources of atmospheric PAHs in Bengbu and the spatial distribution of regional PAH sources in PM10 samples. The annual concentrations of the 16 EPA priority PAHs ranged from 1.45 to 62.16 ng/m3, with an annual mean of 7.63 ± 7.38 ng/m3. The seasonal trends during the year were: winter (6.13–62.16 ng/m3, median = 14.99 ng/m3) > autumn (2.01–18.78 ng/m3, median = 4.90 ng/m3) > spring (1.45–19.34 ng/m3, median = 3.32 ng/m3) > summer (1.57–4.27 ng/m3, median = 2.12 ng/m3). The PAHs over the year were dominated by medium-molecular-weight PAHs (39.81%), followed by high-molecular-weight PAHs (35.77%), and low-molecular-weight PAHs (24.42%). The diagnostic ratio method and positive matrix factorization revealed that the PAH sources in Bengbu in spring and summer were industrial emissions, coal and biomass combustion, and traffic emissions; while the sources in autumn and winter were coal and biomass combustion and traffic emissions. According to a backward trajectory clustering analysis and potential source contribution function analysis, Bengbu City was mainly affected by pollution from the northern and northwestern regions in spring, autumn, and winter, while it was more affected by the coastal monsoon in summer. The PAH pollution in Bengbu was most severe in spring, autumn, and winter, and the health risk to the population was also most severe at that time. The health risk to adult males (3.35 × 10−4) was greater than the risk to adult females (3.14 × 10−4), and the health risk to adults was greater than the risk to children (2.52 × 10−4).
Localized abdominal wall metastasis of papillary renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Nahal Chadi , Wunker Claire , Keller Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Papillary renal cell carcinoma accounts for one tenth of all renal cell carcinomas. Compared to other renal cell carcinoma subtypes, it is more often localized at the time of diagnosis and rarely metastasizes to the skin. There are no previously reported cases of cutaneous papillary renal cell carcinoma localized to the abdominal wall which we present here.

Case presentation

A 77 year-old female with multiple previous cancers, including a stage 1 left papillary renal cell carcinoma, treated with partial nephrectomy 32 months prior to presentation, was found to have a left upper abdominal wall mass on interval screening computed tomography. Fine needle aspiration was performed, obtaining limited tissue, followed by incisional biopsy. Histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with renal cell carcinoma. She underwent operative excision of the abdominal wall mass with reconstruction using mesh and left posterior rectus fascial release. Histology and immunohistochemistry of the operative specimen reconfirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. She was treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab and has no existing evidence of disease.

Conclusions

Papillary renal cell carcinoma metastasized to the skin is uncommon, especially when localized to the abdominal wall without any other sites of metastases. Metastasis should be on the differential diagnosis when evaluating newly identified abdominal masses in patients with a history of papillary renal cell carcinoma. When localized, abdominal wall metastasis of papillary renal cell carcinoma can be effectively treated with resection and reconstruction, followed by systemic therapy when indicated.
Host and structure-specific codon usage of G genotype (VP7) among group A rotaviruses
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Zhao Simiao , Jin Xinshun , Wen Xiaobo , Ran Xuhua
Published: November 2024

Rotavirus A (RVA) infects a relatively wide host range. Studying the evolutionary dynamics of viral genomes and the evolution of host adaptations can inform the development of epidemiological models of disease transmission. Moreover, comprehending the adaptive evolution of viruses in the host could provide insights into how viruses promote evolutionary advantages on a larger scale at host level. This study aims to determine whether host specificity in codon usage existed. We used the Clustal W function within MEGA X software to perform sequence alignment, followed by construction of a phylogenetic tree based on the maximum-likelihood method. Additionally, Codon W software and EMBOSS were utilized for analysis of codon usage bias index. We analyzed codon usage bias (CUB) of host-specific G genotype VP7 to elucidate the molecular-dynamic evolutionary pattern and reveal the adaptive evolution of VP7 at the host level. The CUB of RV VP7 exhibits significant difference between human and other species. This bias can be primarily attributed to natural selection. In addition, the β-barrel structural domain, which plays a crucial role in viral transmembrane entry into cells, demonstrates a stronger CUB. Our results provide novel insights into the evolutionary dynamics of RVs, cross-species transmission, and virus-host adaptation.
Influence of the rearing system on the ileum microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome in meat rabbits
Authors: Wu Zhoulin , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Maoqin , Wen Bin , Fu Xiangchao , Tang Zhonghua , Liu Xueqin , Zhang Jiamin
Published: November 2024

The rearing system of livestock plays a vital role in animal production, meat quality, and overall welfare. This study aimed to assess the influence of cage-rearing system and forest-rearing system on the ileum microbiota, metabolome, and ileal mucosa transcriptome in meat rabbits. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the ileal microbiome composition: caged rabbits exhibited a higher abundance of the genera uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae and Delftia, whereas the levels of Muribaculaceae, unclassified Burkholderiales, and uncultured Eubacteriaceae were lower compared to rabbits reared in the forest. Metabolome analysis identified 372 differentially accumulated metabolites in the ileum content, which were predominantly mapped to amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways. The cage-rearing system was found to positively correlate with the efficient utilization of nutrient sources. Additionally, transcriptome analysis of the ileal mucosa revealed 984 differentially expressed genes, predominantly involved in metabolic pathways, signal transduction pathways, and immune response processes. Through Pearson correlation analysis, we were able to elucidate the metabolic pathway, immune responses, and disease resistance mechanisms were affected by the rearing system. Overall, the findings suggested that metabolic adaptation, nutrient utilization, and immune response play crucial roles in how rabbits adjust to different rearing systems. While the cage system may enhance nutrient efficiency, it appears to suppress immune function and disease resistance.
Effect of Negative Parenting Dimensions on Adolescent’s Psychological Wellbeing: The Moderating Role of Age
Authors: Saeed Ayesha , Hanif Rubina
Published: November 2024

Background. Adolescence psychological wellbeing is affected by several factors but the mostimportant are parenting practices perceived by them. The parenting practices in the form ofdimensions especially negative undermine their psychological wellbeing as a result they feel lesscompetent and this hinders the ideal ways to reach the level of optimal functioning. This study wascarried out to examine the effect of negative parenting dimensions on adolescents’ psychologicalwellbeing. It is hypothesized that negative parenting dimensions (poor monitoring, inconsistentdiscipline, and use of corporal punishment) negatively correlate with the adolescents’psychological wellbeing. The moderating role of age was also explored.Method. A sample of 400 adolescents aged 13-19 years (M = 15.98, SD = 1.90) comprising 50%boys and 50% girls approached from educational institutions of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and thewilling participants completed the questionnaires. The study variables were measured by theAlabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and the Ryff Scale of Psychological Wellbeing(Ansari, 2010). The convenient sampling technique was used to gather the data.Result. The results of the study showed that negative parenting dimensions have significantnegative relationship with the adolescents’ psychological wellbeing (r = -0.35, p < .001). Themoderation analysis revealed that there is a significant negative moderating role of age in therelationship of negative parenting dimensions and adolescent’s psychological wellbeing (?=.44**,p<.01, ?R2 = 0.173).Conclusion. It is concluded that when individuals have a restrictive and controlled environment,it may hinder personal growth, individuals feel less competent and psychologically disturbed. Thefindings of the study can help educate the parents to use more productive and positive parentingpractices. It is recommended that different intervention strategies can be planned to educate theparent and adolescent and how they make a strong relationship among them.
Experiences, Challenges and Coping Strategies of Never Married Single Women in Pakistan – A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Rafiq Khushboo , Fatima Narjis
Published: November 2024

Objective. Intimate relationships have their own vital position in any psychological and social wellbeing hierarchy. This study aims to understand the reasons why some women over 30 years of age remain single, and the social dynamics associated with their marital status.
Method. The study collected data through semi-structured interview of 8 educated Pakistani women aged between 30-36 years, living in Karachi. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was used to explore the causes of singlehood.
Results. The transcribed interviews were analyzed, and common themes and phrases were identified. Five main themes were derived namely similarity/affinity, freedom, ambition, match making process and unpleasent life experiences.
Conclusion. Study findings highlighted that principal reasons for being single are compatibility factor and safeguarding ambition/freedom. Family pressures, lack of support to travel/live alone and social commentary are the main challenges faced by single women. Self-help strategies and virtual support groups are the major coping mechanism employed.
Intimacy and Emotional Well-Being in Partners Living With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women
Authors: Kausar Rubina , Imran Hifza
Published: November 2024

Objective. PCOS is a persistent medical condition that can act as a vulnerability to psychologicalwell-being and reduce marital satisfaction. Chronic illness that makes an individual vulnerable to poorerhealth greatly reduces marital satisfaction and intimacy in a relationship. This study aimed to find out theassociation between emotional intimacy, social intimacy, and emotional well-being in partners living withPCOS women.
Method. The study used a correlational cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of N=76couples of PCOS women and their husbands. Emotional Intimacy Scale (Sinclair & Dowdy, 2005), MillerSocial Intimacy Scale (Miller & Lefcourt, 1982), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (Teede,et al. 2018)were used for data collection from men and PCOSQOL Scale(Williams, et al. 2018) was used forassessment of HRQOL from women.
Results. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed that HRQOL of women is significantlypositively correlated with emotional intimacy, social intimacy, and emotional well-being of partners livingwith PCOS women. Furthermore, it was revealed that Emotional intimacy and social intimacy aresignificantly positively correlated with emotional well-being. Hierarchal regression analysis found emotionalintimacy and social intimacy as significant positive predictors of emotional well-being.
Conclusion. It was a unique contribution to the field of health, family, and counseling psychology. It canhelp in understanding problems associated with management and adherence in PCOS women. It alsohighlights the impact of these types of metabolic chronic illnesses on the family members and their spouses.It is a very initial study that could act as a groundwork that could help healthcare providers to raise awarenessabout the psychological well-being of couples where women are suffering from PCOS, and design and createcouple-based interventions for PCOS women and their partners.
Is Butyrate Concentration in the Equine Gastrointestinal Tract Altered During and After Surgery for Treatment of Large Colon Obstruction?
Authors: Barton Charlotte K. , Hassel Diana M. , Anders Kelly , Weir Tiffany L.
Published: November 2024

A major cause of morbidity and mortality in horses with large colon obstructive lesions is injury to the colonic mucosal barrier from ischemic injury. Since butyrate has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of a healthy mucosal barrier, it may play a role in the recovery process. This study’s objective was to determine whether the differences in butyrate concentrations existed between horses with surgical large colon obstructive lesions and healthy horses both during and after surgery. Eleven horses presenting with surgical colic lesions were enrolled; colonic samples were acquired during surgery, and fecal samples were obtained 36 h later. Colonic and fecal samples were also obtained from control groups. Samples were analyzed for butyrate, acetate, and propionate concentrations. There was no significant difference in butyrate content between surgical colonic or fecal samples and controls; however, an alteration in the proportion of SCFAs in relation to one another was noted. These changes in the individual SCFA levels were not statistically significant. The study findings demonstrated that there were no significant differences in butyrate proportions when comparing samples from horses with surgical colic lesions to healthy control horses.
Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Peptides: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line
Authors: Avilés-Gaxiola Sara , Contreras-Angulo Laura Aracely , García-Aguiar Israel , Heredia J. Basilio
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species are produced as part of the cellular metabolism. However, lifestyle can promote an excess in their concentration. Free radicals react with DNA, promoting the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been suggested as an alternative to prevent this disorder. Peptides are protein fragments that have been produced from various plants. In previous work, Moringa oleifera leaf peptides (MOPHs) with antioxidant potential were generated and identified. However, the spectrophotometric methods used to evaluate their antioxidant activity do not fully reflect its potential. In this work, the antioxidant activity of MOPHs was assessed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and cellular antioxidant activity method on the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Also, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated. The MOPHs exhibited a FRAP activity of 1435 µmol TE/g, and at 500 µg/mL; the peptides did not show a cytotoxic effect on healthy colon CCD-18Co cells. Moreover, the MOPHs increased Caco-2 antioxidative activity to a greater extent by 73.45% and 83.62% at 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Regarding cellular proliferation, the MOPHs inhibited it by 78.19% and 90.20% at 200 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf peptides as functional ingredients with significant health benefits, demonstrating antioxidant and antiproliferative properties.
An Evaluation of the Structural Behaviour of Historic Buildings Under Seismic Action: A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Two Case Studies
Authors: Zucca Marco , Reccia Emanuele , Vecchi Enrica , Pintus Valentina , Dessì Andrea , Cazzani Antonio
Published: November 2024

The evaluation of the structural behaviour of iconic historic buildings represents one of the most current structural engineering research topics. However, despite the various research works carried out during recent decades, several issues still remain open. One of the most important aspects is related to the correct reconstruction of the complex geometries that characterise this type of construction and that influence structural behaviour, especially in the presence of the horizontal loads caused by seismic action. For these reasons, different techniques have been proposed based on the use of laser scanners, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and terrestrial photogrammetry. At the same time, several analysis methods have been developed that include the use of linear and non-linear approaches. In this present paper, the seismic performance of the Santa Maria Novella basilica and Santa Maria di Collemaggio basilica (before the partial collapse due to the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake) were investigated in detail by means of several numerical analyses. In particular, a series of non-linear time history analyses (NTHAs) were carried out, as reported in the Italian Building Code. To represent the non-linear behaviour of the main structural elements, smeared cracking (CSC) constitutive law was adopted. The geometry of the structures was reconstructed from a complete laser scanner survey of the churches, in order to consider all the intrinsic irregularities that characterise the heritage buildings. Finally, a comparison between the structural behaviour of the two case studies was carried out, highlighting the differences and similar aspects, focusing on possible collapse mechanisms and the identification of the most critical structural elements represented, in both cases analysed, by the main pillars of the transept.
Application of Binary Image Quality Assessment Methods to Predict the Quality of Optical Character Recognition Results
Authors: Kopytek Mateusz , Lech Piotr , Okarma Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

One of the continuous challenges related to the growing popularity of mobile devices and embedded systems with limited memory and computational power is the development of relatively fast methods for real-time image and video analysis. One such example is Optical Character Recognition (OCR), which is usually too complex for such devices. Considering that images captured by cameras integrated into mobile devices may be acquired in uncontrolled lighting conditions, some quality issues related to non-uniform illumination may affect the image binarization results and further text recognition results. The solution proposed in this paper is related to a significant reduction in the computational burden, preventing the necessity of full text recognition. Conducting only the initial image binarization using various thresholding methods, the computation of the mutual similarities of binarization results is proposed, making it possible to build a simple model of binary image quality for a fast prediction of the OCR results’ quality. The experimental results provided in the paper obtained for the dataset of 1760 images, as well as the additional verification for a larger dataset, confirm the high correlation of the proposed quality model with text recognition results.
The Sexual Dimorphism of the Neuroimmune Response in the Brains of Taenia crassiceps-Infected Mice
Authors: Nava-Castro Karen Elizabeth , Ruiz-Antonio Diana Lizeth , Ríos-Avila María del Sol , Garay-Canales Claudia Angélica , Pavón Lenin , Hernandez-Bello Romel , Del Río-Araiza Víctor Hugo , Girón-Pérez Manuel Iván , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: November 2024

Background: Helminth infections are associated with cognitive deficits, especially in school-age children. Deworming treatment in heavily infected children improves their short- and long-term memory recall. In mice, intraperitoneal helminth infection with Taenia crassiceps (T. crassiceps) shows sexual dimorphism in terms of the parasite load, immune response, hormone levels, and behavioral changes. We have previously shown poorer short-term memory performance and changes in the concentrations of cytokines and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, which were replicated in this study. The molecular changes in other brain structures, such as those related to reproduction, are unknown. Methods: Male and female Balb/cAnN mice were chronically infected with T. crassiceps larvae. We determined the peritoneal parasite load and established the presence of cytokines and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and hypothalamus. Results: The parasite load was higher in female than male infected mice, as expected. In the hippocampus, the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin increased in males but decreased in females. In contrast, in the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, the neurotransmitters assessed showed no statistical differences. The cytokine profiles were different in each brain structure. The TNF-α levels in the olfactory bulb and the IL-4 levels in the hippocampus of infected mice were dimorphic; IFN-γ was augmented in both male and female infected animals, although the increase was higher in infected males. Conclusions: The brain responds to peripheral infection with cytokine levels that vary from structure to structure. This could be a partial explanation for the dimorphic behavioral alterations associated with infection, it also demonstrates the synergic interaction between the immune, the endocrine, and the nervous systems.
The Contribution of the Face-Name Associative Recognition Test to Objectifying the Impairment of Associative Memory in Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Macoir Joël , Tremblay Pascale , Hudon Carol
Published: November 2024

Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as a self-reported perception of cognitive decline that occurs without clear objective signs of cognitive impairment. There is still uncertainty in the literature about the reliability of SCD as an accurate indicator of the early stages of major neurocognitive disorders. Furthermore, objectifying cognitive impairment in SCD is difficult, mainly due to the insensitivity of the assessment instruments. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential contribution of the face-name associative recognition test (FNART) to the objective identification of memory impairment in SCD. Method: A research sample of 69 adults with SCD and 69 healthy controls (HCs) recruited in the community were administered in the FNART, which included 32 photographs of neutral faces associated with 32 first names. Results: The total score of the HC group in the FNART was significantly better than that of the SCD group. Moreover, analyses based on the serial position of the stimuli showed that the SCD group performed significantly worse than the HC group only for the middle items (stimuli placed at the beginning or end of learning lists are more likely to be recalled than those presented in the middle), while no primacy and recency effects were found in the HCs. Conclusions: These findings indicate that associative episodic memory is more vulnerable in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) compared to those without cognitive complaints. Additionally, they suggest that the FNART may be effective in identifying cognitive decline in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease.
An Investigation of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupants’ Thermal Responses, Health, and Productivity: A Study Based on Physiological Data in Occupied Office Space
Authors: Suryo Mahatma Sindu , Ichinose Masayuki , Kuroda Yukino , Alkhalaf Haitham
Published: November 2024

This study explores the impact of Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) on the health and productivity of office workers in an office building in Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. Previous studies have shown that IEQ can affect the physiological responses of occupants, such as of skin temperature, heart rate, and metabolic rate, which are indicators of health and productivity. However, most studies took place in controlled laboratory environments, which may not accurately represent real-life experiences. The study collected subjective and objective data from actual occupied office space, including on perceptions of IEQ, health, and productivity, and measurements of IEQ parameters such as on the thermal environment, light environment, indoor air quality, and acoustics. The study used correlation and linear regression methods to examine the relationship between IEQ, physiological data, and subjective responses to health and productivity. The stable thermal environment and low physical intensity of office work may contribute to the weak correlation between physiological data, thermal responses, and health–productivity variables. The results of this study can provide insights into how IEQ affects the psychological responses, well-being, and performance of office workers in real-world settings.
Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells as Prognostic Indicators in Brain Metastases Derived from Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Ohno Masasuke , Kuramitsu Shunichiro , Yamashita Kimihiro , Nagasaka Toru , Haimoto Shoichi , Fujita Mitsugu
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs) and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) play significant roles in antitumor immunity. However, their prognostic relevance in brain metastases (BMs) derived from gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of TIBs and TRMs in GI cancer-derived BMs (GIBMs). Methods: Retrospective histopathological analyses were performed on surgically resected GIBM tissues from 13 patients. The densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) subsets (TIBs, CD4+ T cells, CD8+CD103+ TRMs, and CD8+CD103- non-TRMs) were quantified and correlated with clinical parameters and overall survival (OS) including the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). Results: TIBs and CD4+ T cells were predominantly accumulated in the tumor stroma, particularly around blood vessels, where they formed lymphocyte clusters without characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). In contrast, TRMs more deeply infiltrated into the tumor epithelium than their counterpart non-TRMs. Positive correlations were found between TIB density and both the prognostic prediction of GPA and overall survival (OS) after BM diagnosis or surgery. Furthermore, increased densities of TIBs and TRMs were associated with enhanced survival after BM diagnosis. Conclusions: TIB and TRM densities in BM tissues could serve as reliable prognostic indicators for survival in patients with GIBMs. This study provides crucial insights for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this lethal disease.
Daily Diagnostic Quality Computed Tomography-on-Rails (CTOR) Image Guidance for Abdominal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Authors: Martin-Paulpeter Rachael M. , Jensen P. James , Perles Luis A. , Sawakuchi Gabriel O. , Das Prajnan , Koay Eugene J. , Koong Albert C. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Niedzielski Joshua S. , Beddar Sam
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for abdominal targets faces a variety of challenges, including motion caused by the respiration and digestion and a relatively poor level of contrast between the tumor and the surrounding tissues. Breath-hold treatments with computed tomography-on-rails (CTOR) image guidance is one way of addressing these challenges, allowing for both the tumor and normal tissues to be well-visualized. Using isodose lines (IDLs) from CT simulations as a guide, the anatomical information can be used to shift the alignment or trigger a replan, such that normal tissues receive acceptable doses of radiation. Methods: This study aims to describe the workflow involved when using CTOR for pancreas and liver SBRT and demonstrates its effectiveness through several case studies. Results: In these case studies, using the anatomical information gained through diagnostic-quality CT guidance to make slight adjustments to the alignment, resulted in reductions in the maximum dose to the stomach. Conclusions: High-quality imaging, such as CTOR, and the use of IDLs to estimate the doses to OARs, enable the safe delivery of SBRT, without the added complexity and resource commitment required by daily online adaptive planning.