bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAR591 promotes the pathogenesis and progression of SONFH by regulating Fos expression to mediate the apoptosis of bone microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wei Lei , Wang Lei , Wang Tao , Xie Zhihong , Luo Hong , Li Fanchao , Zhang Jian , Dong Wentao , Liu Gang , Kang Qinglin , Zhu Xuesong , Peng Wuxun
Published: May 2023

The specific pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is still not fully understood, and there is currently no effective early cure. Understanding the role and mechanism of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of SONFH will help reveal the pathogenesis of SONFH and provide new targets for its early prevention and treatment. In this study, we first confirmed that glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is a pre-event in the pathogenesis and progression of SONFH. Then, we identified a new lncRNA in BMECs via lncRNA/mRNA microarray, termed Fos-associated lincRNA ENSRNOT00000088059.1 (FAR591). FAR591 is highly expressed during GC-induced BMEC apoptosis and femoral head necrosis. Knockout of FAR591 effectively blocked the GC-induced apoptosis of BMECs, which then alleviated the damage of GCs to the femoral head microcirculation and inhibited the pathogenesis and progression of SONFH. In contrast, overexpression of FAR591 significantly promoted the GC-induced apoptosis of BMECs, which then aggravated the damage of GCs to the femoral head microcirculation and promoted the pathogenesis and progression of SONFH. Mechanistically, GCs activate the glucocorticoid receptor, which translocates to the nucleus and directly acts on the FAR591 gene promoter to induce FAR591 gene overexpression. Subsequently, FAR591 binds to the Fos gene promoter (–245∼–51) to form a stable RNA:DNA triplet structure and then recruits TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 and RNA polymerase II to promote Fos expression through transcriptional activation. Fos activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) and P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) to mediate GC-induced apoptosis of BMECs, which leads to femoral head microcirculation dysfunction and femoral head necrosis. In conclusion, these results confirm the mechanistic link between lncRNAs and the pathogenesis of SONFH, which helps reveal the pathogenesis of SONFH and provides a new target for the early prevention and treatment of SONFH.
Allnighter pseudokinase-mediated feedback links proteostasis and sleep in Drosophila
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Moehlman Andrew T. , Park Brenden , Ewnetu Michael , Tracy Charles , Titos Iris , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Tagliabracci Vincent S. , Krämer Helmut
Published: May 2023

In nervous systems, retrograde signals are key for organizing circuit activity and maintaining neuronal homeostasis. We identify the conserved Allnighter (Aln) pseudokinase as a cell non-autonomous regulator of proteostasis responses necessary for normal sleep and structural plasticity of Drosophila photoreceptors. In aln mutants exposed to extended ambient light, proteostasis is dysregulated and photoreceptors develop striking, but reversible, dysmorphology. The aln gene is widely expressed in different neurons, but not photoreceptors. However, secreted Aln protein is retrogradely endocytosed by photoreceptors. Inhibition of photoreceptor synaptic release reduces Aln levels in lamina neurons, consistent with secreted Aln acting in a feedback loop. In addition, aln mutants exhibit reduced night time sleep, providing a molecular link between dysregulated proteostasis and sleep, two characteristics of ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Direct conversion of lignin to functionalized diaryl ethers via oxidative cross-coupling
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Dyson Paul J.
Published: May 2023

Efficient valorization of lignin, a sustainable source of functionalized aromatic products, would reduce dependence on fossil-derived feedstocks. Oxidative depolymerization is frequently applied to lignin to generate phenolic monomers. However, due to the instability of phenolic intermediates, repolymerization and dearylation reactions lead to low selectivity and product yields. Here, a highly efficient strategy to extract the aromatic monomers from lignin affording functionalized diaryl ethers using oxidative cross-coupling reactions is described, which overcomes the limitations of oxidative methods and affords high-value specialty chemicals. Reaction of phenylboronic acids with lignin converts the reactive phenolic intermediates into stable diaryl ether products in near-theoretical maximum yields (92% for beech lignin and 95% for poplar lignin based on the content of β−O−4 linkages). This strategy suppresses side reactions typically encountered in oxidative depolymerization reactions of lignin and provides a new approach for the direct transformation of lignin into valuable functionalized diaryl ethers, including key intermediates in pharmaceutical and natural product synthesis.
A method for restoring signals and revealing individual macromolecule states in cryo-ET, REST
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Li Yan , Liu Yanan , Li Dongyu , Wang Lin , Song Kai , Bao Keyan , Zhu Ping
Published: May 2023

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is widely used to explore the 3D density of biomacromolecules. However, the heavy noise and missing wedge effect prevent directly visualizing and analyzing the 3D reconstructions. Here, we introduced REST, a deep learning strategy-based method to establish the relationship between low-quality and high-quality density and transfer the knowledge to restore signals in cryo-ET. Test results on the simulated and real cryo-ET datasets show that REST performs well in denoising and compensating the missing wedge information. The application in dynamic nucleosomes, presenting either in the form of individual particles or in the context of cryo-FIB nuclei section, indicates that REST has the capability to reveal different conformations of target macromolecules without subtomogram averaging. Moreover, REST noticeably improves the reliability of particle picking. These advantages enable REST to be a powerful tool for the straightforward interpretation of target macromolecules by visual inspection of the density and of a broad range of other applications in cryo-ET, such as segmentation, particle picking, and subtomogram averaging.
Functional specialization and interaction in the amygdala-hippocampus circuit during working memory processing
Authors: Li Jin , Cao Dan , Yu Shan , Xiao Xinyu , Imbach Lukas , Stieglitz Lennart , Sarnthein Johannes , Jiang Tianzi
Published: May 2023

Both the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in working memory (WM) processing. However, their specific role in WM is still an open question. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from the amygdala and hippocampus of epilepsy patients while performing a WM task, and compared their representation patterns during the encoding and maintenance periods. By combining multivariate representational analysis and connectivity analyses with machine learning methods, our results revealed a functional specialization of the amygdala-hippocampal circuit: The mnemonic representations in the amygdala were highly distinct and decreased from encoding to maintenance. The hippocampal representations, however, were more similar across different items but remained stable in the absence of the stimulus. WM encoding and maintenance were associated with bidirectional information flow between the amygdala and the hippocampus in low-frequency bands (1–40 Hz). Furthermore, the decoding accuracy on WM load was higher by using representational features in the amygdala during encoding and in the hippocampus during maintenance, and by using information flow from the amygdala during encoding and that from the hippocampus during maintenance, respectively. Taken together, our study reveals that WM processing is associated with functional specialization and interaction within the amygdala-hippocampus circuit.
Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae
Authors: Beavers Kelsey M. , Van Buren Emily W. , Rossin Ashley M. , Emery Madison A. , Veglia Alex J. , Karrick Carly E. , MacKnight Nicholas J. , Dimos Bradford A. , Meiling Sonora S. , Smith Tyler B. , Apprill Amy , Muller Erinn M. , Holstein Daniel M. , Correa Adrienne M. S. , Brandt Marilyn E. , Mydlarz Laura D.
Published: May 2023

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent coral diseases on record, affects over 22 species of reef-building coral and is decimating reefs throughout the Caribbean. To understand how different coral species and their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine the gene expression profiles of colonies of five species of coral from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included species vary in their purported susceptibilities to SCTLD, and we use this to inform gene expression analyses of both the coral animal and their Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous coral genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences in expression that correlate to disease susceptibility, as well as genes that are differentially expressed in all coral species in response to SCTLD infection. We find that SCTLD infection induces increased expression of rab7, an established marker of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, in all coral species accompanied by genus-level shifts in Symbiodiniaceae photosystem and metabolism gene expression. Overall, our results indicate that SCTLD infection induces symbiophagy across coral species and that the severity of disease is influenced by Symbiodiniaceae identity.
Driving forces for ultrafast laser-induced sp2 to sp3 structural transformation in graphite
Authors: Song Chenchen , Guan Mengxue , Jia Yunzhe , Chen Daqiang , Xu Jiyu , Zhang Cui , Meng Sheng
Published: May 2023

Understanding the microscopic mechanism of photoinduced sp2-to-sp3 structural transformation in graphite is a scientific challenge with great importance. Here, the ultrafast dynamics and characteristics of laser-induced structural transformation in graphite are revealed by non-adiabatic quantum dynamic simulations. Under laser irradiation, graphite undergoes an interlayer compression and sliding stage, followed by a key period of intralayer buckling and interlayer bonding to form an intermediate sp2-sp3 hybrid structure, before completing the full transformation to hexagonal diamond. The process is driven by the cooperation of charge carrier multiplication and selective phonon excitations through electron-phonon interactions, in which photoexcited hot electrons scattered into unoccupied high-energy conduction bands play a key role in the introduction of in-plane instability in graphite. This work identifies a photoinduced non-adiabatic transition pathway from graphite to diamond and shows far-reaching implications for designing optically controlled structural phase transition in materials.
Generation of equatorial plasma bubble after the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Sori Takuya , Otsuka Yuichi , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Tsuda Takuo , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Nakamura Satoko , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku
Published: May 2023

Equatorial plasma bubbles are a phenomenon of plasma density depletion with small-scale density irregularities, normally observed in the equatorial ionosphere. This phenomenon, which impacts satellite-based communications, was observed in the Asia-Pacific region after the largest-on-record January 15, 2022 eruption of the Tonga volcano. We used satellite and ground-based ionospheric observations to demonstrate that an air pressure wave triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption could cause the emergence of an equatorial plasma bubble. The most prominent observation result shows a sudden increase of electron density and height of the ionosphere several ten minutes to hours before the initial arrival of the air pressure wave in the lower atmosphere. The propagation speed of ionospheric electron density variations was ~ 480–540 m/s, whose speed was higher than that of a Lamb wave (~315 m/s) in the troposphere. The electron density variations started larger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The fast response of the ionosphere could be caused by an instantaneous transmission of the electric field to the magnetic conjugate ionosphere along the magnetic field lines. After the ionospheric perturbations, electron density depletion appeared in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere and extended at least up to ±25° in geomagnetic latitude.
Serotype and multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus suis from diseased pigs in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Ching-Fen , Chen Siou-Hui , Chou Chi-Chung , Wang Chao-Min , Huang Szu-Wei , Kuo Hung-Chih
Published: May 2023

Streptococcus suis(S. suis) infection can cause clinically severe meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia and septicemia in pigs. To date, studies on the serotypes, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility ofS. suisin affected pigs in Taiwan are rare. In this study, we comprehensively characterized 388S. suisisolates from 355 diseased pigs in Taiwan. The most prevalent serotypes ofS. suiswere serotypes 3, 7 and 8. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 22 novel sequence types (STs) including ST1831-1852 and one new clonal complex (CC), CC1832. The identified genotypes mainly belonged to ST27, ST94 and ST1831, and CC27 and CC1832 were the main clusters. These clinical isolates were highly susceptible to ceftiofur, cefazolin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. The bacteria were prone to be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid in suckling pigs with the majority belonging to serotype 1 and ST1. In contrast, ST28 strains that corresponded to serotypes 2 and 1/2 were more likely to exist in the lungs of growing-finishing pigs, which posted a higher risk for food safety and public health. This study provided the genetic characterization, serotyping and the most current epidemiological features ofS. suisin Taiwan, which should afford a better preventative and treatment strategy ofS. suisinfection in pigs of different production stages.
Robust multiple-scroll dynamics in memristive-based generator system
Authors: Adelakun A. O. , Odusote Y. A.
Published: May 2023

In-depth analysis of a novel multiple scroll memristive-based hyperchaotic system with no equilibrium is provided in this work. We identify a family of more complicated $$n\mathrm{th}$$

n
th

-order multiple scroll hidden attractors for a unique, enhanced 4-dimensional Sprott-A system. The system is particularly sensitive to initial conditions with coexistence and multistability of attractors when changing the associated parameters and the finite transient simulation time. The complexity (CO), spectral entropy (SE) algorithms, and 0-1 complexity characteristics was thoroughly discussed. On the other hand, the outcomes of the electronic simulation are validated by theoretical calculations and numerical simulations.
Diverse electrical responses in a network of fractional-order conductance-based excitable Morris-Lecar systems
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Mondal Argha , Kaslik Eva , Hens Chittaranjan , Antonopoulos Chris G.
Published: May 2023

The diverse excitabilities of cells often produce various spiking-bursting oscillations that are found in the neural system. We establish the ability of a fractional-order excitable neuron model with Caputo’s fractional derivative to analyze the effects of its dynamics on the spike train features observed in our results. The significance of this generalization relies on a theoretical framework of the model in which memory and hereditary properties are considered. Employing the fractional exponent, we first provide information about the variations in electrical activities. We deal with the 2D class I and class II excitable Morris-Lecar (M-L) neuron models that show the alternation of spiking and bursting features including MMOs & MMBOs of an uncoupled fractional-order neuron. We then extend the study with the 3D slow-fast M-L model in the fractional domain. The considered approach establishes a way to describe various characteristics similarities between fractional-order and classical integer-order dynamics. Using the stability and bifurcation analysis, we discuss different parameter spaces where the quiescent state emerges in uncoupled neurons. We show the characteristics consistent with the analytical results. Next, the Erdös-Rényi network of desynchronized mixed neurons (oscillatory and excitable) is constructed that is coupled through membrane voltage. It can generate complex firing activities where quiescent neurons start to fire. Furthermore, we have shown that increasing coupling can create cluster synchronization, and eventually it can enable the network to fire in unison. Based on cluster synchronization, we develop a reduced-order model which can capture the activities of the entire network. Our results reveal that the effect of fractional-order depends on the synaptic connectivity and the memory trace of the system. Additionally, the dynamics captures spike frequency adaptation and spike latency that occur over multiple timescales as the effects of fractional derivative, which has been observed in neural computation.
Algorithm selection for protein–ligand docking: strategies and analysis on ACE
Authors: Chen Tianlai , Shu Xiwen , Zhou Huiyuan , Beckford Floyd A. , Misir Mustafa
Published: May 2023

The present study investigates the use of algorithm selection for automatically choosing an algorithm for any given protein–ligand docking task. In drug discovery and design process, conceptualizing protein–ligand binding is a major problem. Targeting this problem through computational methods is beneficial in order to substantially reduce the resource and time requirements for the overall drug development process. One way of addressing protein–ligand docking is to model it as a search and optimization problem. There have been a variety of algorithmic solutions in this respect. However, there is no ultimate algorithm that can efficiently tackle this problem, both in terms of protein–ligand docking quality and speed. This argument motivates devising new algorithms, tailored to the particular protein–ligand docking scenarios. To this end, this paper reports a machine learning-based approach for improved and robust docking performance. The proposed set-up is fully automated, operating without any expert opinion or involvement both on the problem and algorithm aspects. As a case study, an empirical analysis was performed on a well-known protein, Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with 1428 ligands. For general applicability, AutoDock 4.2 was used as the docking platform. The candidate algorithms are also taken from AutoDock 4.2. Twenty-eight distinctly configured Lamarckian-Genetic Algorithm (LGA) are chosen to build an algorithm set. ALORS which is a recommender system-based algorithm selection system was preferred for automating the selection from those LGA variants on a per-instance basis. For realizing this selection automation, molecular descriptors and substructure fingerprints were employed as the features characterizing each target protein–ligand docking instance. The computational results revealed that algorithm selection outperforms all those candidate algorithms. Further assessment is reported on the algorithms space, discussing the contributions of LGA’s parameters. As it pertains to protein–ligand docking, the contributions of the aforementioned features are examined, which shed light on the critical features affecting the docking performance.
Elevation in white blood cell count and development of hyper LDL cholesterolemia
Authors: Okutsu Shota , Kato Yoshifumi , Takeoka Hiroaki , Funakoshi Shunsuke , Maeda Toshiki , Yoshimura Chikara , Kawazoe Miki , Satoh Atsushi , Tada Kazuhiro , Takahashi Koji , Ito Kenji , Yasuno Tetsuhiko , Fujii Hideyuki , Mukoubara Shigeaki , Saku Keijiro , Kodama Shohta , Kawanami Daiji , Masutani Kosuke , Arima Hisatomi , Nabeshima Shigeki
Published: May 2023

To investigate the relationship between white blood cell (WBC) count and incidence of hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in a population-based longitudinal study. This is a retrospective study using data of annual health check-ups for residents of Iki City, Japan. A total of 3312 residents (≥ 30 years) without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline were included in this analysis. Primary outcome was incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol levels ≥ 3.62 mmol/L and/or use of lipid lowering drugs). During follow-up (average 4.6 years), 698 participants development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (incidence 46.8 per 1000 person-years). Higher incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was observed among participants with higher leukocyte count (1st quartile group: 38.5, 2nd quartile group: 47.7, 3rd quartile group: 47.3, and 4th quartile group: 52.4 per 1,000 person-years, P = 0.012 for trend). Statistically significant relation was observed even after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol intake, leisure-time exercise, obesity, hypertension and diabetes: hazard ratio 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.54) for 2nd quartile group, 1.29 (1.03–1.62) for 3rd quartile group and 1.39 (1.10–1.75) for 4th quartile group, compared with 1st quartile group (P for trend = 0.006). Increased WBC count was related to incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in general Japanese population.
Cerium and samarium blocked antioxidant enzymes in wheat plants
Authors: Haghighi Amirhossein Kazemzadeh , Rezayian Maryam , Niknam Vahid , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Mirmasoumi Masoud
Published: May 2023

This work was conducted to study positive and negative impacts of cerium (Ce) and samarium (Sm) on two cultivars (Arta and Baharan) in wheat plant. Symbols of stress such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes, which may be complicated in the suppression responses of plants, were also studied. Wheat plants were exposed to 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10,000 and 15,000 μM of Ce and Sm for 7 days. The growth enhanced in plants treated with lesser Ce and Sm concentration (2500 μM) and declined in plants treated with upper concentrations as compared to untreated plants. The treatment with 2500 μM of Ce and Sm increased dry weigh in Arta by 68.42 and 20% and in Baharan by 32.14% and 27.3%. Thus, Ce and Sm had hormesis effect on growth in wheat plants. According to plant’s growth parameter patterns, Arta cultivar had more sensitive to Sm than to Ce, whereas Baharan cultivar had sensitive to Ce than to Sm. Our results indicated impact of Ce and Sm on proline accumulation depended on the dosage of Ce and Sm. It was observed that Ce and Sm accumulated in wheat plants at higher exposure doses. Increment of MDA content by Ce and Sm treatments showed that these metals caused oxidative stress in wheat plants. Ce and Sm blocked enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutases, peroxidase and polyphenol peroxidase) in wheat. In wheat plants treated with lower Ce and Sm concentrations higher amounts of non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolites were detected. Thus, we showed the potential negative impact of unsuitable utilization of REEs in plants and suggested growth and interruption in physiological and biochemical mechanisms as a possible factor to recognize the underlying toxicological processes.
Emerging sensing and modeling technologies for wearable and cuffless blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liang Cunman , Huang Yan , Zhou Guodong , Xiao Yiqun , Ji Nan , Zhang Yuan-Ting , Zhao Ni
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. For early diagnosis, intervention and management of CVDs, it is highly desirable to frequently monitor blood pressure (BP), a vital sign closely related to CVDs, during people’s daily life, including sleep time. Towards this end, wearable and cuffless BP extraction methods have been extensively researched in recent years as part of the mobile healthcare initiative. This review focuses on the enabling technologies for wearable and cuffless BP monitoring platforms, covering both the emerging flexible sensor designs and BP extraction algorithms. Based on the signal type, the sensing devices are classified into electrical, optical, and mechanical sensors, and the state-of-the-art material choices, fabrication methods, and performances of each type of sensor are briefly reviewed. In the model part of the review, contemporary algorithmic BP estimation methods for beat-to-beat BP measurements and continuous BP waveform extraction are introduced. Mainstream approaches, such as pulse transit time-based analytical models and machine learning methods, are compared in terms of their input modalities, features, implementation algorithms, and performances. The review sheds light on the interdisciplinary research opportunities to combine the latest innovations in the sensor and signal processing research fields to achieve a new generation of cuffless BP measurement devices with improved wearability, reliability, and accuracy.
Solving the explainable AI conundrum by bridging clinicians’ needs and developers’ goals
Authors: Bienefeld Nadine , Boss Jens Michael , Lüthy Rahel , Brodbeck Dominique , Azzati Jan , Blaser Mirco , Willms Jan , Keller Emanuela
Published: May 2023

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the implementation challenges of AI/ML in healthcare. However, little is known about how developers and clinicians interpret XAI and what conflicting goals and requirements they may have. This paper presents the findings of a longitudinal multi-method study involving 112 developers and clinicians co-designing an XAI solution for a clinical decision support system. Our study identifies three key differences between developer and clinician mental models of XAI, including opposing goals (model interpretability vs. clinical plausibility), different sources of truth (data vs. patient), and the role of exploring new vs. exploiting old knowledge. Based on our findings, we propose design solutions that can help address the XAI conundrum in healthcare, including the use of causal inference models, personalized explanations, and ambidexterity between exploration and exploitation mindsets. Our study highlights the importance of considering the perspectives of both developers and clinicians in the design of XAI systems and provides practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness and usability of XAI in healthcare.
Ligand impact on reactive oxygen species generation of Au10 and Au25 nanoclusters upon one- and two-photon excitation
Authors: Fakhouri Hussein , Bakulić Martina Perić , Zhang Issan , Yuan Hao , Bain Dipankar , Rondepierre Fabien , Brevet Pierre-François , Maršić Željka Sanader , Antoine Rodolphe , Bonačić-Koutecký Vlasta , Maysinger Dusica
Published: May 2023

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), light-sensitive photosensitizers produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation in the presence of oxygen. Atomically-precise thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters are molecule-like nanostructures with discrete energy levels presenting long lifetimes, surface biofunctionality, and strong near-infrared excitation ideal for ROS generation in PDT. We directly compare thiolate-gold macromolecular complexes (Au10) and atomically-precise gold nanoclusters (Au25), and investigate the influence of ligands on their photoexcitation. With the ability of atomically-precise nanochemistry, we produce Au10SG10, Au10AcCys10, Au25SG18, and Au25AcCys18 (SG: glutathione; AcCys: N-acetyl-cysteine) fully characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our theoretical investigation reveals key factors (energetics of excited states and structural influence of surface ligands) and their relative importance in singlet oxygen formation upon one- and two-photon excitation. Finally, we explore ROS generation by gold nanoclusters in living cells with one- and two-photon excitation. Our study presents in-depth analyses of events within gold nanoclusters when photo-excited both in the linear and nonlinear optical regimes, and possible biological consequences in cells.
Activating cavity by electrons
Authors: Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Fedyk Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

The interaction of atoms and molecules with quantum light as realized in cavities has become a highly topical and fast growing research field. This interaction leads to hybrid light-matter states giving rise to new phenomena and opening up pathways to control and manipulate properties of the matter. Here, we substantially extend the scope of the interaction by allowing free electrons to enter the cavity and merge and unify the two active fields of electron scattering and quantum-light-matter interaction. In the presence of matter, hybrid metastable states are formed at electron energies of choice. The properties of these states depend strongly on the frequency and on the light-matter coupling of the cavity. The incoming electrons can be captured by the matter inside the cavity solely due to the presence of the cavity. The findings are substantiated by an explicit example and general consequences are discussed.
Characterization Techniques of Multicomponent Hydrogels
Authors: Santoso Shella Permatasari , Chen Hung-Yueh , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Lin Shin-Ping
Published: May 2023

The fabrication, construction, and composition of multicomponent hydrogels are complex. In recent years, more novel applications of multicomponent hydrogels, such as for three-dimensional printing or in cultures to establish artificial tissues or organs, have been reported. The basic material properties of multicomponent hydrogels should be analyzed to develop new applications. Thus, in this chapter, three different types of analyses are reviewed and summarized, namely surface, physicochemical, and biological characterization, to cover this growing multidisciplinary field of research. Furthermore, the mechanism and features of each technique are discussed in this chapter.
Electrospinning of Multicomponent Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Krasia-Christoforou T.
Published: May 2023

In recent years, electrospun hydrogel nanofibers have attracted considerable interest in the biomedical arena. In such nanomaterials, the exceptional properties including high surface-to-volume ratios, high porosity, improved mechanical performance and excellent tailorability in respect of their chemical composition and surface functionalization are combined with the 3D highly hydrated architectures of hydrogels. Consequently, researchers are focusing on the fabrication of electrospun multicomponent hydrogel nanofibers and their further evaluation in the biomedical field. In this chapter, an introductory section on electrospinning and its use in the production of biomaterials in the form of nanofibers is provided, followed by a description of the different fabrication pathways employed to generate electrospun multicomponent hydrogel nanofibers. Finally, the applicability of such nanomaterials in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing and biosensing is reviewed.
Multicomponent Antimicrobial Hydrogels for Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Maseko R. B. , Aderibigbe B. A.
Published: May 2023

The main challenge associated with the treatment of wounds is microbial infections which usually result in prolonged wound healing. The absorption capacity of wound exudates by most wound dressings is limited, thereby providing an environment for microbial invasion. Most wound dressings do not provide moisture to the wound bed, a crucial feature useful for soothing effects in painful wounds. When compared with other types of wound dressings, hydrogels are most appealing because of their high permeability to nutrients and oxygen, capability to provide a moist environment for accelerated wound healing, biocompatibility, easy removal without causing further skin tear, easy manipulation resulting in good response to changes in environmental factors, non-adherent nature, high water content, and ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix by providing a platform that supports cellular proliferation, an important feature in skin regeneration. In this chapter, we report the strategies used to develop multicomponent hydrogels, the most recent progress in wound dressing applications, challenges and future perspectives.
Multicomponent Hydrogels in Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Huang Yingying , Yin Bohan , Wong Siu Hong Dexter
Published: May 2023

Multicomponent hydrogels have been widely recognized as potential candidates in clinical and pharmaceutical applications due to their outstanding biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and simplicity of functionalization. Regulatory approval has been granted for the application of hydrogel technology in the medical field, including cancer treatment, wound dressings, contact lenses, and drug delivery. In clinical trials, hydrogels are being evaluated for bone repair, tissue regeneration, spinal correction, and other illness treatments. This chapter focuses on the current applications of multicomponent hydrogels, including those that have been approved for clinical use or are currently under investigation at the clinical level. We broadly introduce the commonly selected materials as the major components of hydrogels for pharmaceutical and clinical studies. We highlight the ongoing success of hydrogels in the clinical field and further discuss the design considerations and clinical translation procedures required for hydrogel technology for clinical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the commercialized hydrogel products for various biomedical applications to enhance the healthcare of humans and express our perspective on possible optimization of future developments of hydrogels for better translational applications.
Human milk phospholipid analog improved the digestion and absorption of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol
Authors: Wei Teng , Wu Yanping , Sun Yong , Deng Zeyuan , Li Jing
Published: May 2023

HPLA mimics the phospholipid composition of human milk and improves the digestion and absorption of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol. In vitro digestion provides evidence to understand the process of in vivo digestion and absorption.
Hollow silver–gold alloy nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal/photodynamic synergetic therapy against bacterial infection and acceleration of wound healing
Authors: Lin Shanshan , Chen Hui , Wang Rui , Jiang Tongmeng , Wang Rui , Yu Fabiao
Published: May 2023

Ag@Au-Ce6 NPs for bacterial eradication and wound healing acceleration.
Ar plasma assists in enhanced oxygen evolution kinetics of MOG-derived multicomponent transition metal sulfides
Authors: Luo Jia-Yang , Yin Ya-Meng , Guo Gui-Zhi , Chang Xi-Wen , Wu Xue-Qian , Wu Ya-Pan , Li Shuang , Chi Ru-An , Li Dong-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Ar plasma technology tunes sulfur vacancies in polymetallic heterogeneous sulfide catalysts generated from MOG precursor to boost oxygen release.
Ruthenium complexes bearing glucosyl ligands are able to inhibit the amyloid aggregation of short histidine-peptides
Authors: Florio Daniele , La Manna Sara , Annunziata Alfonso , Iacobucci Ilaria , Monaco Vittoria , Di Natale Concetta , Mollo Valentina , Ruffo Francesco , Monti Maria , Marasco Daniela
Published: May 2023

A series of Ru-complexes sharing three-legged piano-stool structures based on the arene ring and glucosylated carbene ligands was investigated as an inhibitor of amyloid His-peptides.
The generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (wet) as a multifunctional additive for coloring and improving the organoleptic and functional properties of foods
Authors: Castillo Aly , Finimundy Tiane C. , Heleno Sandrina A. , Rodrigues Paula , Fernandes Filipa A. , Pereira Simón , Lores Marta , Barros Lillian , Garcia-Jares Carmen
Published: May 2023

Novel incorporation of non-lyophilized astaxanthin-rich microalgae as a natural food additive for coloration, improvement of the bioactive profile (carotenoids and fatty acids), and modulation of food degradation.
Detection of intact vancomycin–arginine as the active antibacterial conjugate in E. coli by whole-cell solid-state NMR
Authors: Werby Sabrina H. , Brčić Jasna , Chosy Madeline B. , Sun Jiuzhi , Rendell Jacob T. , Neville Lewis F. , Wender Paul A. , Cegelski Lynette
Published: May 2023

Vancomycin–arginine (V–R) is effective against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. We designed a whole-cell solid-state NMR approach and detected intact V–R in E. coli, indicating no hydrolysis or liberation of the conjugated arginine.
Surface ligand-assisted synthesis and biomedical applications of metal–organic framework nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Lihua , Li Zhiheng , Wang Yingqian , Gao Mengyue , He Ting , Zhan Yifang , Li Zhihao
Published: May 2023

The synthesis of MOF nanocomposites mediated by surface ligands and their biomedical applications are reviewed.
Experimental observation of the role of countercations in modulating the electrical conductance of Preyssler-type polyoxometalate nanodevices
Authors: Huez Cécile , Renaudineau Séverine , Volatron Florence , Proust Anna , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: May 2023

We highlight the key role of counterions in modulating the conductance of the molecular junctions of polyoxometalate monolayers self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope.
A self-healable metallohydrogel for drug encapsulations and drug release
Authors: Dutta Mita , Banerjee Shreya , Mandal Mahitosh , Bhattacharjee Manish
Published: May 2023

A self-healable metallohydrogel of Mn(ii) has been prepared using a low molecular weight gelator, Na2HL, which is capable of encapsulation and delivery of the anti-cancer drug, gemcitabine and the NSAID, indomethacin.
New ab initio potential energy surface of NaFH (1A′) system and quantum dynamics studies for the Na + HF (v, j) → NaF + H reaction
Authors: Yan Wei , Tan Rui Shan , Lin Shi Ying
Published: May 2023

Schematic diagram for the ab initio potential energy surface of NaFH (1A′) system obtained using MRCI + Q/aug-cc-pV5Z level of theory. The properties of saddle points and calculated reaction rates show better agreement with the experimental values.
Continuous flow-mode synthesis of (chiral) amines with transaminase: a strategic biocatalytic approach to essential building blocks
Authors: Meersseman Arango Hippolyte , van den Biggelaar Ludivine , Soumillion Patrice , Luis Patricia , Leyssens Tom , Paradisi Francesca , Debecker Damien P.
Published: May 2023

Amines, and in particular chiral amines are essential building blocks for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Continuous flow syntheses using immobilized transaminases pave the way to green and intensified production processes.
In vivo biodistribution of kinetically stable Pt2L4 nanospheres that show anti-cancer activity
Authors: Bobylev Eduard O. , Knol Renzo A. , Mathew Simon , Poole David A. , Kotsogianni Ioli , Martin Nathaniel I. , de Bruin Bas , Kros Alexander , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: May 2023

Two fluorescent, stable Pt2L4 nanocages are developed. Pt2L4 have alternated cytotoxicity and display diverse cell uptake in vivo making the versitale nanocages interesting candidates for further delivery and toxicity studies.
Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities
Authors: Tao Huanhuan , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: May 2023

A surface N-coordinated Cu electrocatalyst is developed for CO2reduction to C2H4with a high FE of 73.2% at a current density of −700.8 mA cm−2in a flow cell.
Rational design of one-pot solvent-assisted synthesis for multi-functional Sn-substituted superionic Li argyrodite solid electrolytes
Authors: Choi Sun Hee , Kim Woong-Ju , Lee Byeong-hyeon , Kim Sung-Chul , Kang Jin Gu , Kim Dong-Wan
Published: May 2023

Rational design of a one-pot solvent-assisted method enables the production of Sn-substituted Li argyrodite with superionic conductivity, air stability, and Li compatibility, leading to good electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries.
A zwitterionic hydrogel with a surprising function of increasing the ionic conductivity of alkali metal chloride or sulfuric acid water-soluble electrolyte
Authors: Fu Danchen , Lu Yanfen , Peng Zhiyuan , Zhong Wenbin
Published: May 2023

PMH hydrogel electrolytes are obtained by soaking in different electrolyte solutions after polymerization, and their ionic conductivity is higher than that of alkali metal chloride or sulfuric acid water-soluble electrolyte.
Supramolecular assemblies of multifunctional microgels for biomedical applications
Authors: Zheng Jingxia , Zhu Canjie , Xu Xun , Wang Xinwei , Fu Jun
Published: May 2023

This review accounts recent advances in fabrication, supramolecular assembling, 3D printing of microgels, and their applications in cell culture, drug delivery, antibacterial and tissue engineering.
A multifunctional polymeric coating with self-adsorbed, antifouling and in situ remineralization properties for caries management
Authors: Chu Wenlin , Tang Haiqin , Dong Zhiyun , Hou Ailin , Qiu Rongmin , Xu Xinyuan , Yang Jiaojiao , He Libang , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu
Published: May 2023

We synthesized diblock copolymers with alendronate sodium with self-absorbed, remineralizing capability and strong binding to fixed and loose Ca2+ ions. Combination treatment can suppress biofilm formation, alleviate enamels demineralization and facilitate remineralization.
Lipid nanoparticle-based formulations for high-performance dentistry applications
Authors: Mutreja Isha , Kumar Dhiraj , Kaushik Ajeet , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: May 2023

This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis and application of different lipid nanoformulations in dentistry while highlighting the challenges and alternative approaches for improved functional efficacy.
Schottky photodiodes based on mid-wavelength infrared intraband colloidal quantum dots – surface ligand and metal contact studies
Authors: Al Mahfuz Mohammad M. , Park Junsung , Huebner Rock , Lee Sunghwan , Ko Dong-Kyun
Published: May 2023

A Schottky photodiode based on a binary mixture of Ag2Se CQDs and PbS CQDs and the photodiode's spectral responsivity.
Selective and non-selective modification of electrodes in organic thin film transistors by self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Liu Meng-Tieh , Chi Cheng-Yu , Zharnikov Michael , Tai Yian
Published: May 2023

During the engineering of OTFT electrodes with dipolar molecular films, non-intentional modification of the common OTFT substrate can occur, affecting the crystallinity of the organic semiconductor and, consequently, the device performance.
A reversible gel-free electrode for continuous noninvasive electrophysiological signal monitoring
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Jie , Yang Liangtao , Xie Jiajia , Guo Chenhui , Li Zimo , Qi Jun , Shi Shuo , Zhang Zhilin , Yang Hui , Hu Jinlian , Wu Jinglong , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2023

PPEM gel-free electrode for continuous noninvasive electrophysiological signal monitoring.
Probing the chirality and optical activity of organic molecules through the anisotropic photoluminescence of porous silicon
Authors: Hu Chih-Hsuan , Hsiao Vincent K. S. , Chu Chih-Chien
Published: May 2023

A new method of using porous silicon as a substrate to identify chiral molecules.
A reliable and stable ratiometric luminescence thermometer based on dual near-infrared emission in a Cr3+-doped LaSr2Ga11O20 phosphor
Authors: Shan Xihui , Back Michele , Chen Dongxun , Miao Shihai , Shi Ruiqi , Liang Yanjie
Published: May 2023

A reliable and stable ratiometric luminescence thermometer with a high relative sensitivity (2.6%·K−1 at 190 K) is realized using a LaSr2Ga11O20:Cr3+ phosphor.
Studying X-ray instruments with galaxy clusters
Authors: Nevalainen J. , Molendi S.
Published: May 2023

Aims. Our aim is to apply a scientific approach to the problem of the effective area cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC instruments. Using a sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton EPIC, we aim to quantify the effective area cross-calibration bias between the EPIC instruments as implemented in the public calibration database in November 2021 in the 0.5–6.1 keV energy band.

Methods. We tested two methods for evaluating the effective area cross-calibration bias for CCD-type X-ray instruments. Namely, we compared the evaluation of the cross-calibration bias by modelling it before the convolution of the spectral models with the redistribution matrix or by analysing the convolved products. We applied the methods to a sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton/EPIC instruments. We invested significant efforts in controlling and keeping the systematic uncertainties of the cross-calibration bias below 1%. The statistical uncertainties are similar, and thus we can reliably measure effects at the 1% level.XMM.

Results. On average, the two methods differ very little; the only difference in the cross-calibration bias is at the highest energies, and by maximum of 3%. The effective area cross-calibration in the 0.5-6.1 keV band between MOS and pn is biased at a substantial level. The MOS/pn bias is systematic, suggesting that the MOS (pn) effective area may be calibrated too low (high), by ~3–27% on average depending on the instrument and energy band. The excellent agreement between the energy dependences (i.e. shapes) of the effective area of MOS2 and pn suggest that they are correctly calibrated, within in the 0.5–4.5 keV band. Comparison with an independent dataset of point sources (3XMM) confirms this. The cluster sample indicates that the MOS1/pn effective area shape cross-calibration has an approximately linear bias amounting to a maximum of ~10% in the 0.5–1.5 keV band.

Conclusions. The effective area cross-calibration of XMM-Newton/EPIC instruments in November 2021 in the 0.5–1.5 keV band was relatively successful. However, the cluster-to-cluster rms scatter of the bias is substantial compared to the median bias itself. Thus, a statistically robust implementation of the cross-calibration uncertainties to a scientific analysis of XMM-Newton/EPIC data should include the propagation of the scatter to the best-fit parameters, instead of a simple average bias correction of the effective area.