bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Dan Pelatihan Pengolahan Sampah Menjadi Pupuk Kompos Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Akan Manfaat Pengelolaan Sampah Di Pasar Madrasah
Authors: Purnama Dicki Dian
Published: February 2019

Adanya Pasar Madrasah sangat membantu perekonomian serta memberikan kemudahan kepada warga sekitar RT 007 dan RT 012/RW 02 Kelurahan Duri Kosambi, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat dalam berbelanja kebutuhan sehari-hari. Namun dengan adanya pasar tersebut timbul masalah yang hingga saat ini masih belum mendapatkan perhatian serius dari para pedagang dan pembeli. Masalah tersebut yaitu munculnya sampah-sampah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan menyebabkan timbulnya wabah penyakit. Padahal sampah-sampah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menjadi produk-produk yang bermanfaat seperti menjadi pupuk kompos serta barang kerajinan yang bernilai ekonomi.

Kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan dan demonstrasi pembuatan pupuk kompos oleh tim dan warga masyarakat sekitar. Narasumber berasal dari Jurusan Teknik Sipil, warga masyarakat di wilayah RT 007 dan RT 012/RW 02 Kelurahan Duri Kosambi, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat, serta dukungan  perangkat kelurahan, RT dan RW, serta tokoh masyarakat setempat. Dana pendukung dari institusi STT-PLN merupakan aspek penting terselenggaranya kegiatan PKM ini.

Manfaat yang dapat diperoleh peserta dari kegiatan PKM ini antara lain warga masyarakat dapat mengolah sampah organik menjadi pupuk kompos serta meningkatnya pengetahuan dalam pengelolaan dan pengolahan sampah sehingga lingkungan menjadi lebih bersih dan nyaman serta bisa meningkatkan perekonomian
O contrato de gestação de substituição a título oneroso no direito brasileiro
Authors: Presgrave Ana Beatriz Ferreira Rebello , Araújo Débora Medeiros Teixeira de
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho analisa a “Gestação de Substituição”, técnica de reprodução medicamente assistida também conhecida por “cessão temporária de útero”, “maternidade por substituição”, “gestação por outrem” e “barriga de aluguel”, em que é celebrado um contrato entre as partes dispondo sobre direitos e deveres dos envolvidos. O trabalho avalia a possibilidade da celebração do contrato de cessão temporária de útero no Direito brasileiro, bem como a possibilidade de tal contrato possuir caráter oneroso.
As discriminações no processo penal
Authors: Bronzo Pasquale
Published: February 2019

O texto aborda a discriminação de algumas pessoas, notadamente os imigrantes, no que respeita à administração do sistema penal e processual penal. Tal modo de pensar altera a forma pela qual tais pessoas são tratadas pelo Estado, que parte do pressuposto se que são predispostas a delinquir, levando mais à punição pela pessoa do que pela gravidade do fato, perpassando pelos próprios institutos processuais que se aplicam ao caso, tais como a prisão cautelar, um procedimento despido de formalidades e a menor aplicação de sanções alternativas.
A liberdade de trabalho frente à cláusula de não-concorrência
Authors: Massoni Tulio De Oliveira
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo analisa os limites à liberdade de trabalho fixados em cláusulas de não concorrência, bem como as condições de validade das mesmas. Diante da omissão da lei brasileira, foram examinados os ordenamentos jurídicos da Espanha, França, Portugal e Itália, bem como casos já apreciados pelos tribunais brasileiros.
Ensino de ciências: um estudo de alinhamento de conteúdos no ensino fundamental
Authors: Torres Douglas Batista Gonçalves Rodrigues , Shitsuka Ricardo , Silva Agenor Pina da , Shitsuka Dorlivete Moreira , Pereira Adriana Soares , Boghi Claudio
Published: February 2019

A Educação em Ciências (EC) no Ensino Fundamental (EF) contribui com uma visão de letramento necessária para o aluno se apropriar de uma leitura de mundo em relação à Biologia, Química e Educação Ambiental. Os professores especialistas podem realizar um papel importante dentro da rotina escolar quando há um trabalho colaborativo com a Professora Regente (PR) da turma. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um trabalho de alinhamento de conteúdos realizado em turma do terceiro ano do EF com apoio da informática. Realiza-se uma pesquisa-ação em uma escola particular na Cidade de São Paulo. Os alunos apresentavam dificuldades de retenção do conhecimento do EC feita pela PR. Ocorre que muitas vezes, estas não têm o domínio completo sobre os conteúdos previstos em ciências e o apoio dos especialistas é bem-vindo. Fez-se um trabalho de pesquisa-ação no qual ocorreu o apoio da professora de informática em relação ao conteúdo trabalhado pela professora regente. O estudo contribui com o ensino de ciências mostrando a informática pode fornecer um valioso subsídio ao aprendizado quando há alinhamento de conteúdo. O trabalho em paralelo mostrou-se muito eficiente formando organizadores prévios para o aprendizado. Os alunos apresentaram sucesso nas avaliações.
Estudo da Viabilidade da Aplicação da Energia Geotérmica como Fonte Complementar da Matriz Energética do Estado do Mato Grosso
Authors: Camargo Fernando Henrique , Silveira Thales Henrique Resende , Shitsuka Ricardo , Silva Priscilla Chantal Duarte
Published: February 2019

O mundo precisa de energia para prosseguir no seu desenvolvimento. Uma das fontes mais promissoras é a energia geotérmica que é estável e não depende de condições climáticas. O Brasil tem um potencial para exploração desta energia. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma análise de viabilidade de implementação da matriz energética do estado do Mato Grosso por meio da implantação de usinas Geotérmicas, evitando bruscas oscilações no fornecimento. Realiza-se uma pesquisa documental de fonte indireta na qual se levanta dados  e informações sobre o potencial do emprego desta energia na região Centro Oeste do Brasil. Os dados apontam para a possibilidade de utilização principalmente no Estado do Mato Grosso e esta fonte energética pode a vir se tornar uma reserva estratégica importante para o país.
Estratégia multimodal para adesão dos profissionais às boas práticas de higienização de mãos
Authors: Nunes Vilani Medeiros de Araújo , De Araújo Isabela Dantas Torres , Nobre Thaiza Teixeira Xavier , Alcântara Meine Siomara , Leite Ana de Cássia Celestino da Silva , Maciel Flaviana Cristina Santiago , Sodré Lídia Lins , Araújo Thienny da Silva
Published: February 2019

As mãos dos profissionais de saúde são os principais meios de transmissão de microrganismos e, portanto, se faz necessário reduzir essa contaminação por meio da higienização de mãos. Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo tem como objetivo mensurar a adesão dos profissionais de saúde do Hospital Metropolitano Oeste Pelópidas Silveira às práticas de higienização de mãos, por meio da Estratégia Multimodal da OMS e elaborar um plano de ação com o intuito de prevenir a transmissão de microrganismos e infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Estudo observacional do tipo pesquisa-ação. Identificou-se uma adesão à higienização de mãos de 63,7% dos profissionais observados e, desses, os técnicos de enfermagem foram os que menos aderiram a esse procedimento (54,3%) enquanto que os enfermeiros, médicos e outros apresentaram um percentual aproximado (71,8% a 79,6%). Quanto aos produtos mais utilizados nas ações de higienização de mãos, água e sabão obteve 89% de adesão, seguido de álcool gel com 11%. Conclui-se que a adesão dos profissionais à prática de higienização das mãos não foi satisfatória e, portanto, há necessidade de educação continuada para a equipe que integra o serviço. O plano de ação, quando implementado, poderá contribuir na tomada de decisão das próximas ações realizadas pela instituição no que se refere ao controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde.
As relações de poder que permeiam o Perímetro Irrigado Várzeas de Sousa-PB (PIVAS)
Authors: Andrade Adriana Salviano de , Silva Érika Lira da , Silva Maria do Rosário Cavalcante , Melo Edivânia Maria de , Sousa Maria Cliucia Medeiros Bezerra da Silva , Cavalcanti Ingrid Lelis Ricarte
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a política pública da criação do Perímetro Irrigado Várzeas de Sousa (PIVAS) e a relações de poder que envolvem camponeses e empresários. O PIVAS está localizado entre os municípios de Sousa e Aparecida, na mesorregião do Sertão do Estado da Paraíba, caracterizando como um projeto de grande importância socioeconômico para a região, adotando a tendência dos novos espaços produtivos regionais, constituindo uma iniciativa do Governo do Estado da Paraíba em conjunto com o poder político local com a finalidade de dinamizar as atividades agrícolas e agroindustriais no sertão do Estado. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo bibliográfico com base na literatura sobre políticas públicas, com abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo. A partir do que foi relatado pode-se constatar que o projeto que inicialmente seria voltado para a produção empresarial, foi distribuído entre camponeses, que acabaram se adequando a ideia do agronegócio imposta pelo modelo empresarial.
POPULATION STATUS OF MUDSKIPPERS IN MANGROVE AND NONMANGROVE AREA OF GHOGHA COAST, BHAVNAGAR, GUJARAT, INDIA
Authors: KANEJIYA JIGNESH , SOLANKI DEVENDRA , GOHIL BHARATSINH
Published: February 2019

Population studies on three species of Mudskippers have been carried out during 2015-16 from the mangrove and non-mangrove areas of Ghogha coast, Bhavnagar. Ghogha is small coastal town situated on west coast of India, Gulf of Khambhat. Periopthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumeiri and Scartelaos histophorus reported in the study area. Mangroves play an important role to maintain the population of mudskipper and to prevent the reduction of mud layer. The thickness of mud layer also plays an important role in mangrove and non-mangrove habitat. Highest population density, frequency and abundance of Boleophthalmus dussumeiri, Periopthalmus waltoni and Scartelaos histophorus recoerded respectivly.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FOENICULUM VULGARE (FENNEL) GERMPLASM
Authors: DESWAL SUMIT , MALIK T.P. , TEHLAN S.K. , YADAV PREETI
Published: February 2019

An experiment was conducted with sixty genotypes of fennel for phenotypic characterization of different vegetative characters such as plant height, branches per plant, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, umbels per plant, umbellate per plant, seeds per umbellate, seeds per umbel and seed yield. Variability observed for quantitative traits showed high range variation for plant height, umbels per plant, umbellate per plant, seeds per umbellate, seeds per umbel and seed yield. Characterization of germplasm based on morphological parameters signifies the extent of variability present in the population and also provides needful information for selection of desirable genotypes for varietal development and also genotypes which can be conserved for unique traits. The identification keys based on morphological characters are very useful for identification of genotypes and have a pivotal role to identify genotypes in the field without any use of costly chemicals and are fairly comparable with their results.
THE EFFECT OF BODY REPOSITIONING ON HEMODYNAMIC STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH VASOPRESSOR THERAPY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Oktorina Vica Sari , Nuraeni Aan
Published: February 2019

Background: Repositioning the patients every 2 hours were often not implemented during patient care. One of the causes perceived by nurses as contraindications to repositioning in critical patients is the use of vasoactive agents. This condition increases the risk of decubitus, decreased orthostatic stability and muscle atrophy.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body reposition on hemodynamic patients receiving vasopressor therapy in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Methods: The research method used Quasi Experiment with non-equivalent control group design. The subjects were ICU patients who received vasopressor therapy. The respondents recruited using consecutive sampling technique for a-four-month period and obtained 34 respondents, which was divided into control and intervention group. Data analysis used paired t-test to analyze the difference in the same group and unpaired t-test to test the difference between two groups.
Results: Pre-post hemodynamic differences in the intervention group when patients were repositioned from supine to the right lateral and right lateral to left lateral showed p> 0.05. The hemodynamic difference between the control and the intervention group also had p> 0.05. The results showed there were no significant difference.
Conclusions: In general, there is no effect of body repositioning on hemodynamic status. Critical nurses can perform body repositioning activities every two hours including in patients with vasopressor therapy to prevent complications of immobilization, still considering contraindication condition.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Activity of Calabrian Honeys
Authors: Governa Paolo , Carullo Gabriele , Biagi Marco , Rago Vittoria , Aiello Francesca
Published: February 2019

The healing of skin wounds and particularly chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, is still a clinical emergency. Despite the many therapeutic tools that are available so far, none seems to be really effective and safe. In this context, we highlighted the renewed wound healing activity of honey, a viscous aromatic and sweet food, by way of in vitro wound-healing assays, using the HaCaT cell line. Specifically, we investigated five monofloral or multifloral honeys from different Calabrian provinces using them as such or extracted (by Amberlite® or n-hexane and ethyl acetate). The chemical composition of honeys was ascertained by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Amongst the five tested honeys, BL1 and BL5 honeys showed the most promising healing properties. Pinocembrin, which was revealed in BL1 (multifloral) and BL5 (orange) honey samples, is a flavanol that is already known to possess interesting biological activities, including healing. This study aims to investigate how a traditional food such as honey, which is appreciated for its nutritional value and used in folk medicine, can be enhanced as an effective modern remedial to promote a multifaceted and safe healing activity for all skin wounds.
Bioactive Multilayer Polylactide Films with Controlled Release Capacity of Gallic Acid Accomplished by Incorporating Electrospun Nanostructured Coatings and Interlayers
Authors: Quiles-Carrillo Luis , Montanes Nestor , Lagaron José M. , Balart Rafael , Torres-Giner Sergio
Published: February 2019

The present research reports on the development of bi- and multilayer polylactide (PLA) films by the incorporation of electrospun nanostructured PLA coatings and interlayers containing the antioxidant gallic acid (GA) at 40 wt% onto cast-extruded PLA films. To achieve the bilayer structures, submicron GA-loaded PLA fibers were applied on 200-µm cast PLA films in the form of coatings by electrospinning for 1, 2, and 3 h. For the multilayers, the cast PLA films were first coated on one side by electrospinning, then sandwiched with 10-µm PLA film on the other side, and the resultant whole structure was finally thermally post-treated at 150 °C without pressure. Whereas the bilayer PLA films easily delaminated and lacked transparency, the multilayers showed sufficient adhesion between layers and high transparency for deposition times during electrospinning of up to 2 h. The incorporation of GA positively contributed to delaying the thermal degradation of PLA for approximately 10 °C, as all films were thermally stable up to 345 °C. The in vitro release studies performed in saline medium indicated that the GA released from the bilayer PLA films rapidly increased during the first 5 h of immersion while it stabilized after 45–250 h. Interestingly, the PLA multilayers offered a high sustained release of GA, having the capacity to deliver the bioactive for over 1000 h. In addition, in the whole tested period, the GA released from the PLA films retained most of its antioxidant functionality. Thus, during the first days, the bilayer PLA films can perform as potent vehicles to deliver GA while the multilayer PLA films are able to show a sustained release of the natural antioxidant for extended periods.
Microstructural Investigations of Low Temperature Joining of Q&P Steels Using Ag Nanoparticles in Combination with Sn and SnAg as Activating Material
Authors: Hausner Susann , Wagner Martin Franz-Xaver , Wagner Guntram
Published: February 2019

Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels show a good balance between strength and ductility due to a special heat treatment that allows to adjust a microstructure of martensite with a fraction of stabilized retained austenite. The final heat treatment step is performed at low temperatures. Therefore, joining of Q&P steels is a big challenge. On the one hand, a low joining temperature is necessary in order not to influence the adjusted microstructure; on the other hand, high joint strengths are required. In this study, joining of Q&P steels with Ag nanoparticles is investigated. Due to the nano-effect, high-strength and temperature-resistant joints can be produced at low temperatures with nanoparticles, which meets the contradictory requirements for joining of Q&P steels. In addition to the Ag nanoparticles, activating materials (SnAg and Sn) are used at the interface to achieve an improved bonding to the steel substrate. The results show that the activating materials play an important role in the successful formation of joints. Only with the activating materials, can joints be produced. Due to the low joining temperature (max. 237 °C), the microstructure of the Q&P steel is hardly influenced.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Numerical Model for Percutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Samoudi Amine M. , Kampusch Stefan , Tanghe Emmeric , Széles Jozsef C. , Martens Luc , Kaniusas Eugenijus , Joseph Wout
Published: February 2019

Background: Less-invasive percutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (pVNS) gained importance as a possible nonpharmacological treatment for various diseases. The objective is to perform a sensitivity analysis of a realistic numerical model of pVNS and to investigate the effects of the model parameters on the excitation threshold for single and bundled axons. Methods: Sim4Life electrostatic solver and neural tissue models were combined for electromagnetic and neural simulation. The numerical model consisted of a high-resolution model of a human ear, blood vessels, nerves, and three needle electrodes. Investigated parameters include the axon diameter and number, model temperature, ear conductivity, and electrodes’ penetration depth and position. Results: The electric field distribution was evaluated. Model temperature and ear conductivity are the non-influential parameters. Axons fiber diameter and the electrodes’ penetration depth are the most influential parameters with a maximum threshold voltage sensitivity of 32 mV for each 1 μm change in the axon diameter and 38 mV for each 0.1 mm change in the electrodes’ penetration depth. Conclusions: The established sensitivity analysis allows the identification of the influential and the non-influential parameters with a sensitivity quantification. Results suggest that the electrodes’ penetration depth is the most influential parameter.
Study of Implantation Defects in CVD Graphene by Optical and Electrical Methods
Authors: Gawlik Grzegorz , Ciepielewski Paweł , Baranowski Jacek M.
Published: February 2019

A Chemical Vapor Deposition graphene monolayer grown on 6H–SiC (0001) substrates was used for implantation experiments. The graphene samples were irradiated by He+ and N+ ions. The Raman spectra and electrical transport parameters were measured as a function of increasing implantation fluence. The defect concentration was determined from intensity ratio of the Raman D and G peaks, while the carrier’s concentration was determined from the relations between G and 2D Raman modes energies. It was found that the number of defects generated by one ion is 0.0025 and 0.045 and the mean defect radius about 1.5 and 1.34 nm for He+ and N+, respectively. Hole concentration and mobility were determined from van der Pauw measurements. It was found that mobility decreases nearly by three orders of magnitude with increase of defect concentration. The inverse of mobility versus defect concentration is a linear function, which indicates that the main scattering mechanism is related to defects generated by ion implantation. The slope of inverse mobility versus defect concentration provides the value of defect radius responsible for scattering carriers at about 0.75 nm. This estimated defect radius indicates that the scattering centres most likely consist of reconstructed divacancies or larger vacancy complexes.
Solving the Time-Varying Inverse Kinematics Problem for the Da Vinci Surgical Robot
Authors: Bai Long , Yang Jianxing , Chen Xiaohong , Jiang Pei , Liu Fuqiang , Zheng Fan , Sun Yuanxi
Published: February 2019

A dialytic-elimination and Newton-iteration based quasi-analytic inverse kinematics approach is proposed for the 6 degree of freedom (DOF) active slave manipulator in the Da Vinci surgical robot and other similar systems. First, the transformation matrix-based inverse kinematics model is derived; then, its high-dimensional nonlinear equations are transformed to a high-order nonlinear equation with only one unknown variable by using the dialytic elimination with a unitary matrix. Finally, the quasi-analytic solution is eventually obtained by the Newton iteration method. Simulations are conducted, and the result show that the proposed quasi-analytic approach has advantages in terms of accuracy (error < 0.00004 degree (or mm)), solution speed (<20 ms) and is barely affected by the singularity during intermediate calculations, which proves that the approach meets the real-time and high-accuracy requirements of master–slave mapping control for the Da Vinci surgical robots and other similar systems. In addition, the proposed approach can also serve as a design reference for other types of robotic arms that do not satisfy the Pieper principle.
A Novel Base-Station Selection Strategy for Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) Communications
Authors: Hua Qiaozhi , Yu Keping , Wen Zheng , Sato Takuro
Published: February 2019

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication facilitates the improved safety, comfort, and efficiency of vehicles and mobility by exchanging information between vehicles and other entities. In general, only the macrocell or only the femtocell is the communication infrastructure for C-V2X. Currently, a macro-femtocell network is used as the new C-V2X networking architecture. However, there are two unresolved problems for C-V2X in macro-femtocell networks. Firstly, vehicle mobility requires the frequent switching of connections between different base stations; invalid switching results in worse communication quality. Secondly, unintelligent base station selections cause network congestion and network-load imbalance. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a base station selection strategy based on a Markov decision policy for a vehicle in a macro-femtocell system. Firstly, we present a mechanism to predict received signal strength (RSS) for base station selection. Secondly, a comparing Markov decision policy algorithm is presented in C-V2X. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to achieve predicted RSS based on a Markov decision policy in C-V2X technology. To validate the proposed mechanism, we simulated the traditional base station selection and our proposal when the vehicle moved at different speeds. This demonstrates that the effectiveness of a traditional base station selection policy is obvious only at high speeds, and this weakness can be resolved by our proposal. Then, we compare our solution with the traditional base station selection policy. The simulation results show that our solution is effective at switching connections between base stations, and it can effectively prevent the overloading of network resources.
A Time-Efficient Method for Determining an Optimal Scaling Factor and the Encoder Resolution in the Multichannel FXECAP-L Algorithm with Evolving Order for Active Noise Control
Authors: Vázquez Ángel A. , Maya Xochitl , Avalos Juan G. , Sánchez Giovanny , Sánchez Juan C. , Pérez Hector M. , Sánchez Gabriel
Published: February 2019

Affine projection (AP) algorithms have demonstrated faster convergence speed than conventional least mean square (LMS) algorithms, thus providing an attractive solution in the active noise control (ANC) field. However, the AP algorithms demand high computational cost, restricting their practical use in real-time ANC applications. Recently, a multichannel filtered-x error-coded affine projection-like (FXECAP-L) algorithm with evolving order has been proposed to reduce the computational burden by maintaining the convergence speed of AP algorithms. In order to obtain an efficient and robust FXECAP-L algorithm with evolving order, the scaling factor and encoder resolution need to be adjusted manually, which is a time-consuming and costly effort that must be carried out by expert designers. To reduce these costs and efforts, we introduce, for the first time, a strategy for automatic adjustment of the scaling factor and encoder resolution that benefits the rapid development of practical ANC applications. To demonstrate its practical use, we applied the proposed strategy for controlling the noise in an acoustic duct. The practical results demonstrate the automatic adjustment of the FXECAP-L algorithm which maintains high convergence speed at the expense of a small compromise in terms of processing time.
Advances in Engineering and Application of Optogenetic Indicators for Neuroscience
Authors: Piatkevich Kiryl D. , Murdock Mitchell H. , Subach Fedor V.
Published: February 2019

Our ability to investigate the brain is limited by available technologies that can record biological processes in vivo with suitable spatiotemporal resolution. Advances in optogenetics now enable optical recording and perturbation of central physiological processes within the intact brains of model organisms. By monitoring key signaling molecules noninvasively, we can better appreciate how information is processed and integrated within intact circuits. In this review, we describe recent efforts engineering genetically-encoded fluorescence indicators to monitor neuronal activity. We summarize recent advances of sensors for calcium, potassium, voltage, and select neurotransmitters, focusing on their molecular design, properties, and current limitations. We also highlight impressive applications of these sensors in neuroscience research. We adopt the view that advances in sensor engineering will yield enduring insights on systems neuroscience. Neuroscientists are eager to adopt suitable tools for imaging neural activity in vivo, making this a golden age for engineering optogenetic indicators.
Cryoprotective Effects of Protein Hydrolysates Prepared from By-Products of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) on Freeze-Thawed Surimi
Authors: Zhou Wen-Juan , Wang Fa-Xiang , Yu Jian , Li Xiang-Hong , Liu Yong-Le
Published: February 2019

The cryoprotective effects of different amounts of protein hydrolysates prepared from by-products of silver carp using Protamex and Alcalase on surimi that were subjected to six freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. Commercial cryoprotectant (8% w/w 1:1 sucrose-sorbitol blend, SuSo) and control (without cryoprotectant) groups were used for comparison. After six freeze-thaw cycles, the lowest actomyosin extractability, Ca2+-ATPase activity and total sulfhydryl content, along with the highest surface hydrophobicity of actomyosin, were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the group with addition of 2 g of hydrolysate prepared by Protamex hydrolysis (PH-2) displayed the highest actomyosin extractability, Ca2+-ATPase activity and correspondingly, lowest surface hydrophobicity of actomyosin (P < 0.05). Total sulfhydryl content of actomyosin and textural properties of heat-set surimi gels were similar between samples with PH-2 and those with SuSo (P > 0.05). Differences in molecular weight distribution, total and free amino acid compositions between the hydrolysates prepared by Protamex and Alcalase hydrolysis were possible reasons attributing to their variable cryoprotective effects on freeze-thawed surimi. Results from this study clearly support that hydrolysate prepared by Protamex hydrolysis at an appropriate amount could serve as an effective cryoprotectant without increasing the sweetness of surimi products. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hydrolysates follow a different cryoprotection mechanism compared to SuSo (sucrose-sorbitol blend).
Dual-Functional Nanoscale Devices Using Phase-Change Materials: A Reconfigurable Perfect Absorber with Nonvolatile Resistance-Change Memory Characteristics
Authors: Raeis-Hosseini Niloufar , Rho Junsuk
Published: February 2019

Integration of metamaterial and nonvolatile memory devices with tunable characteristics is an enthusing area of research. Designing a unique nanoscale prototype to achieve a metasurface with reliable resistive switching properties is an elusive goal. We demonstrate a method to exploit the advantages of a phase-change material (PCM) as a metamaterial light absorber and a nanoscale data storage device. We designed and simulated a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) that can be reconfigured by adjusting the visible light properties of a chalcogenide-based PCM. The suggested perfect absorber is based on a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film, and is tuned between two distinct states by heat treatment. Furthermore, we fabricated and characterized a resistive switching memory (ReRAM) device with the same features. The MPA/ReRAM device with a conventional metal/dielectric/metal structure (Ag/GST/Al2O3/Pt) consisted of arrays of Ag squares patterned on a GST thin film and an alumina-coated Pt mirror on a glass substrate. Based on the numerical data, amorphous GST showed perfect absorbance in the visible spectrum, whereas, crystalline GST showed broadband perfect absorbance. The fabricated ReRAM device exhibited uniform, bidirectional, and programmable memory characteristics with a high ON/OFF ratio for nonvolatile memory applications. The elucidated origin of the bipolar resistive switching behavior is assigned to the formation and rupture of conductive filaments.
An Omnidirectional Near-Field Comprehensive Damage Detection Method for Composite Structures
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Xiao Zhenwei , Li Yonglin , Jiang Yudong
Published: February 2019

As one of the active structural health monitoring methods based on the Lamb wave, the ultrasonic phased-array damage detection method can provide information such as damage location and range more intuitively, which is why this method is a research hotspot in the field of Lamb wave-based damage monitoring. However, the ultrasonic phased-array damage detection method intended for the far field is not applicable to near-field damage monitoring. In addition, the traditional one-dimensional piezoelectric phased-array damage imaging method suffers from a blind area in the near field, and the data collection time of its angle scanning is relatively long. In view of these problems, this paper proposes an omnidirectional damage imaging monitoring method, combining the near-field sampling phased-array damage monitoring algorithm and the two-dimensional phased-array. The proposed method is verified by experiments using complex composite materials, and the results obtained show that the proposed omnidirectional near-field sampling phased-array damage imaging method is suitable for real-time damage detection in complex composite materials.
Characteristics of Aerosol Chemical Compositions and Size Distributions during a Long-Range Dust Transport Episode in an Urban City in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Gao Zhengxu , Wang Xiaoling , Shen Lijuan , Xiang Hua , Wang Honglei
Published: February 2019

A long- and large-range heavy dust episode occurred from 3 to 8 May 2017 in China. To explore the impacts of this long-range dust transport episode on the chemical compositions and size distributions of urban aerosols, such instruments as an online analyzer for monitoring aerosols and gases (MARGA) and a wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) were mainly used to monitor chemical components, such as PM2.5 and aerosol size distributions in the range of 10 nm to 10 μm, in Nanjing in this study. During the dust episode, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 and ions of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were 66.2, 233.9, and 1.1, 1.5, 1.1, 11.4, 7.8 and 4.4 μg·m−3, which were 4.4, 5.8, 3.7, 15, 1.38, 1.84, 1.66 and 1.83 times higher than the values observed before the episode and 2.2, 3.3, 5.5, 5.0, 1.57, 1.97, 1.39 and 1.69 times the levels after the episode. The dusts were demonstrated to have differential impacts on the water-soluble gases in the air. During the dust episode, the concentrations of HCl, SO2 and NH3 were comparably low, while the HNO2 and HNO3 concentrations were high. The diurnal variations in pollutants, including SO2, HNO3, Cl−, Ca2+, Mg2+, PM2.5 and PM10, were strongly impacted by the dust episode. However, those variations in NH3, NO3−, SO42− and NH4+ were only slightly influenced. Pollutants were distinctively featured in the various dust stages. The concentration of HNO2 was relatively high in the earliest stage but was substituted by those of SO2, PM10, PM2.5, Ca2+, Mg2+ HNO3 and Cl− in the explosion stage. The aerosol number concentrations exhibited unimodal distributions in the earliest and explosion stages but showed bimodal distributions in the duration and dissipation stages. Additionally, the aerosol size distributions were observed to shift to larger particle segments in different dust stages. The surface area concentrations exhibited four peaks in different dust stages and exhibited trimodal distributions in the non-dust episode. The surface area concentration of fine particles first increased during the earliest stage, while that of coarse particles first decreased during the dissipation stage.
Dynamic Instability of Rydberg Atomic Complexes
Authors: Dimitrijević Milan S. , Srećković Vladimir A. , Zalam Alaa Abo , Bezuglov Nikolai N. , Klyucharev Andrey N.
Published: February 2019

Atoms and molecules in highly excited (Rydberg) states have a number of unique characteristics due to the strong dependence of their properties on the values of principal quantum numbers. The paper discusses the results of an investigation of collisional Rydberg complexes specific features, resulting in the development of dynamic chaos and the accompanying diffusion autoionization processes. It is shown (experiment and theory) that, in subthermal low energies, the global chaotic regime that evolved in quasimolecular systems leads to significant changes in the Rydberg gases radiation/ionization kinetics. The effect of Förster resonance on the width of the fluorescence spectra and stochastic ionization processes in Rydberg systems is also discussed.
Catalytic Cleavage of Ether Bond in a Lignin Model Compound over Carbon-Supported Noble Metal Catalysts in Supercritical Ethanol
Authors: Yang Seungdo , Jeong Soyeon , Ban Chunghyeon , Kim Hyungjoo , Kim Do Heui
Published: February 2019

Decomposition of lignin-related model compound (benzyl phenyl ether, BPE) to phenol and toluene was performed over carbon-supported noble metal (Ru, Pd, and Pt) catalysts in supercritical ethanol without supply of hydrogen. Phenol and toluene as target products were produced by the hydrogenolysis of BPE. The conversion of BPE was higher than 95% over all carbon-supported noble metal catalysts at 270 °C for 4 h. The 5 wt% Pd/C demonstrated the highest yield (ca. 59.3%) of the target products and enhanced conversion rates and reactivity more significantly than other catalysts. In the case of Ru/C, BPE was significantly transformed to other unidentified byproducts, more so than other catalysts. The Pt/C catalyst produced the highest number of byproducts such as alkylated phenols and gas-phase products, indicating that the catalyst promotes secondary reactions during the decomposition of BPE. In addition, a model reaction using phenol as a reactant was conducted to check the secondary reactions of phenol such as alkylation or hydrogenation in supercritical ethanol. The product distribution when phenol was used as a reactant was mostly consistent with BPE as a reactant. Based on the results, plausible reaction pathways were proposed.
One Simple Strategy towards Nitrogen and Oxygen Codoped Carbon Nanotube for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Sun Jing , Wang Shujin , Wang Yinghua , Li Haibo , Zhou Huawei , Chen Baoli , Zhang Xianxi , Chen Hongyan , Qu Konggang , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: February 2019

The development of advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution is of paramount significance to fuel cells, water splitting, and metal-air batteries. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have exhibited great promise because of their excellent electrical conductivity, abundance, and superior durability. Rationally optimizing active sites of doped carbons can remarkably enhance their electrocatalytic performance. In this study, nitrogen and oxygen codoped carbon nanotubes were readily synthesized from the pyrolysis of polydopamine-carbon nanotube hybrids. Different electron microscopes, Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to survey the morphological and componential properties. The newly-obtained catalyst features high-quality nitrogen and oxygen species, favourable porous structures and excellent electric conductivity, and thus exhibits remarkably bifunctional oxygen electrode activity. This research further helps to advance the knowledge of polydopamine and its potential applications as efficient electrocatalysts to replace noble metals.
Regulation of Survivin Isoform Expression by GLI Proteins in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Trnski Diana , Gregorić Maja , Levanat Sonja , Ozretić Petar , Rinčić Nikolina , Vidaković Tajana Majić , Kalafatić Držislav , Maurac Ivana , Orešković Slavko , Sabol Maja , Musani Vesna
Published: February 2019

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal female gynecological malignancy, mostly due to diagnosis in late stages when treatment options are limited. Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling is a major developmental pathway involved in organogenesis and stem cell maintenance, and is activated in OC. One of its targets is survivin (BIRC5), an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) that plays a role in multiple processes, including proliferation and cell survival. We wanted to investigate the role of different GLI proteins in the regulation of survivin isoform expression (WT, 2α, 2B, 3B, and Δex3) in the SKOV-3 OC cell line. We demonstrated that survivin isoforms are downregulated in GLI1 and GLI2 knock-out cell lines, but not in the GLI3 knock-out. Treatment of GLI1 knock-out cells with GANT-61 shows an additional inhibitory effect on several isoforms. Additionally, we examined the expression of survivin isoforms in OC samples and the potential role of BIRC5 polymorphisms in isoform expression. Clinical samples showed the same pattern of survivin isoform expression as in the cell line, and several BIRC5 polymorphisms showed the correlation with isoform expression. Our results showed that survivin isoforms are regulated both by different GLI proteins and BIRC5 polymorphisms in OC.
A Qualitative Study on Parental and Community Stakeholder Views of the Link between Full-Day Kindergarten and Health in Southern Nevada
Authors: Coughenour Courtney , Pharr Jennifer , Gakh Maxim , Clark Sheila , Cheong Prescott
Published: February 2019

Studies show that children who attend full-day kindergarten (FDK) experience both academic and developmental benefits compared to children who attend half-day programs. Sectors outside of health, such as education, can have important intended and unintended impacts on health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand perceptions of parental and other stakeholders in Southern Nevada (USA) about the education–health link, and to understand priorities regarding how FDK access could affect health. Two 90-minute focus groups were conducted with 14 adult stakeholder participants representing parents, current and former teachers, and community members. Transcripts were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Eight major themes and several subthemes emerged; findings related to each are discussed. ‘Access’ was mentioned most frequently (n = 43), followed by ‘Time’ (n = 25), and ‘Lifetime educational attainment’ (n = 17). Participants were overall in favor of expanding access to FDK and felt that FDK could improve social skills, increase the amount of physical activity, and provide additional time for educators to detect additional learning disabilities when compared to half-day programs. Although the purpose was to understand priorities related to the education–health link, participants spent little time discussing this, suggesting this association is not inherently considered. Health and education stakeholders should collaborate to increase awareness, as this link may serve as an upstream approach to downstream effects on population health outcomes.
Anomalously Slow Dewetting of Colloidal Particles at a Liquid/Gas Interface
Authors: Nepomnyashchy Alexander
Published: February 2019

We consider the anomalously slow dewetting of colloidal particles adsorbed at a liquid/gas interface. The particles move in the vertical direction under the action of a regular capillary force and an irregular force caused by defects (roughness and chemical heterogeneity). The particle diffusion is modeled by a random walk over a potential minima with jump rates determined by the Arrhenius law. The averaged particle motion is found under the assumption of Gaussian distributions for characteristic properties of spatial heterogeneities.
Feature-Rich, GPU-Assisted Scatterplots for Millions of Call Events
Authors: Rees Dylan , Roberts Richard C. , Laramee Roberts S. , Brookes Paul , D’Cruze Tony , Smith Gary A.
Published: February 2019

The contact center industry represents a large proportion of many country’s economies. For example, 4% of the entire United States and UK’s working population is employed in this sector. As in most modern industries, contact centers generate gigabytes of operational data that require analysis to provide insight and to improve efficiency. Visualization is a valuable approach to data analysis, enabling trends and correlations to be discovered, particularly when using scatterplots. We present a feature-rich application that visualizes large call center data sets using scatterplots that support millions of points. The application features a scatterplot matrix to provide an overview of the call center data attributes, animation of call start and end times, and utilizes both the CPU and GPU acceleration for processing and filtering. We illustrate the use of the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) to utilize a commodity graphics card for the fast filtering of fields with multiple attributes. We demonstrate the use of the application with millions of call events from a month’s worth of real-world data and report domain expert feedback from our industry partner.
A Dataset for Comparing Mirrored and Non-Mirrored Male Bust Images for Facial Recognition
Authors: Gros Collin , Straub Jeremy
Published: February 2019

Facial recognition, as well as other types of human recognition, have found uses in identification, security, and learning about behavior, among other uses. Because of the high cost of data collection for training purposes, logistical challenges and other impediments, mirroring images has frequently been used to increase the size of data sets. However, while these larger data sets have shown to be beneficial, their comparative level of benefit to the data collection of similar data has not been assessed. This paper presented a data set collected and prepared for this and related research purposes. The data set included both non-occluded and occluded data for mirroring assessment.
Design of Direct Injection Jet Ignition High Performance Naturally Aspirated Motorcycle Engines
Authors: Boretti Albert
Published: February 2019

Thanks to the adoption of high pressure, direct injection and jet ignition, plus electrically assisted turbo-compounding, the fuel conversion efficiency of Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) F1 engines has been spectacularly improved up to values above 46% peak power, and 50% peak efficiency, by running lean of stoichiometry stratified in a high boost, high compression ratio environment. Opposite, Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) Moto-GP engines are still naturally aspirated, port injected, spark ignited, working with homogeneous mixtures. This old fashioned but highly optimized design is responsible for relatively low fuel conversion efficiencies, and yet delivers an outstanding specific power density of 200 kW/liter. The potential to improve the fuel conversion efficiency of Moto-GP engines through the adoption of direct injection and jet ignition, prevented by the current rules, is herein discussed based on simulations. As two-stroke engines may benefit from direct injection and jet ignition more than four-stroke engines, the opportunity of a return of two-stroke engines is also argued, similarly based on simulations. About the same power, but at a better fuel efficiency, of today’s 1000 cm3 four stroke engines, may be obtained with lean stratified direct injection jet ignition engines, four-stroke of 1450 cm3, or two-stroke of 1050 cm3. About the same power and fuel efficiency may also be delivered with stoichiometric engines direct injection jet ignition two-stroke of 750 cm3.
Efficient Quantum Teleportation of Unknown Qubit Based on DV-CV Interaction Mechanism
Authors: Podoshvedov Sergey A.
Published: February 2019

We propose and develop the theory of quantum teleportation of an unknown qubit based on the interaction mechanism between discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) states on highly transmissive beam splitter (HTBS). This DV-CV interaction mechanism is based on the simultaneous displacement of the DV state on equal in absolute value, but opposite in sign displacement amplitudes by coherent components of the hybrid in such a way that all the information about the displacement amplitudes is lost with subsequent registration of photons in the auxiliary modes. The relative phase of the displaced unknown qubit in the measurement number state basis can vary on opposite, depending on the parity of the basis states in the case of the negative amplitude of displacement that is akin to action of nonlinear effect on the teleported qubit. All measurement outcomes of the quantum teleportation are distinguishable, but the teleported state at Bob’s disposal may acquire a predetermined amplitude-distorting factor. Two methods of getting rid of the factors are considered. The quantum teleportation is considered in various interpretations. A method for increasing the efficiency of quantum teleportation of an unknown qubit is proposed.
Mobile Learning—Trends and Practices
Authors: Uther Maria
Published: February 2019

Mobile learning has become one of the more influential aspects in the field of educational technology given the ubiquity of modern mobile devices and proliferation of educational applications or ‘apps’ for mobile devices. Within this special issue, there are a range of studies and reviews which cover a breadth of current topics in the field, namely user motivations for using mobile learning, issues in evaluation and domain-specific considerations (e.g., use within language learning or audio-based applications). Together these studies represent the synthesis of a range of methods, approaches and applications that highlight benefits and areas of future growth of mobile technologies.