bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TransformerPayne: Enhancing Spectral Emulation Accuracy and Data Efficiency by Capturing Long-range Correlations
Authors: Różański Tomasz , Ting Yuan-Sen , Jabłońska Maja
Published: February 2025

Stellar spectra emulators often rely on large grids and tend to reach a plateau in emulation accuracy, leading to significant systematic errors when inferring stellar properties. Our study explores the use of Transformer models to capture long-range information in spectra, comparing their performance to the Payne emulator (a fully connected multilayer perceptron), an expanded version of The Payne, and a convolutional-based emulator. We tested these models on synthetic spectral grids, evaluating their performance by analyzing emulation residuals and assessing the quality of spectral parameter inference. The newly introduced TransformerPayne emulator outperformed all other tested models, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately 0.15% when trained on the full grid. The most significant improvements were observed in grids containing between 1000 and 10,000 spectra, with TransformerPayne showing 2–5 times better performance than the scaled-up version of The Payne. Additionally, TransformerPayne demonstrated superior fine-tuning capabilities, allowing for pretraining on one spectral model grid before transferring to another. This fine-tuning approach enabled up to a 10-fold reduction in training grid size compared to models trained from scratch. Analysis of TransformerPayne's attention maps revealed that they encode interpretable features common across many spectral lines of chosen elements. While scaling up The Payne to a larger network reduced its MAE from 1.2% to 0.3% when trained on the full data set, TransformerPayne consistently achieved the lowest MAE across all tests. The inductive biases of the TransformerPayne emulator enhance accuracy, data efficiency, and interpretability for spectral emulation compared to existing methods.
Sporadic Dips from Extended Debris Transiting the Metal-rich White Dwarf SBSS 1232+563
Authors: Hermes J. J. , Guidry Joseph A. , Vanderbosch Zachary P. , Badenas-Agusti Mariona , Xu 许 Siyi 偲艺 , Kao Malia L. , Rodriguez Antonio C. , Hawkins Keith
Published: February 2025

We present the discovery of deep but sporadic transits in the flux of SBSS 1232+563, a metal-rich white dwarf polluted by disrupted exoplanetary debris. Nearly 25 yr of photometry from multiple sky surveys reveal evidence of occasional dimming of the white dwarf, most notably evident in an 8 month long event in 2023 that caused a >40% drop in flux from the star. In-transit follow-up shows additional short-timescale (minutes- to hours-long) dimming events. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry suggests a coherent 14.842 hr signal that could represent the dominant orbital period of debris. Six low-resolution spectra collected at various transit depths over two decades show no evidence of significant changes in the observed elemental abundances. SBSS 1232+563 demonstrates that debris transits around white dwarfs can be sporadic, with many years of inactivity before large-amplitude dimming events.
Crater Dimensions on the Dwarf Planets
Authors: Bray Veronica J. , Zeilnhofer Michael F. , Robbins S. J. , Schenk P. M. , Singer Kelsi M. , White O. L. , Stern S. A. , Benecchi S. D. , Durfey K. A. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin C. B. , Spencer J. R. ,   the New Horizons Geology and Geophysics Investigation Team
Published: February 2025

The icy dwarf planets of Pluto, Charon, and Ceres provide important geologic comparisons for each other as they possess similar gravities and experience impacts of similar velocities compared to larger planets and moons. Differences in their impact craters can therefore be attributed to differences in the impactor and/or target compositions. Craters on Ceres show taller rims than craters on Charon, but comparable internal crater dimensions (depth, wall slope, and peak size). It is possible that the non-ice component of the Ceres crust provides additional strength to this outer portion of the crater, maintaining less rim collapse during the modification stage of crater formation, while the warmer central crater region is controlled by the weakness of the icy component. The spreads in depth-to-diameter ratio and wall-slope values for the Pluto data set are not clearly related to preservation state, suggesting that fresh craters on Pluto possess a large variance in these crater dimensions compared to Charon. This could be due to the geologically diverse terrains and depositional histories at different latitudes and longitudes of Pluto. These provide different target properties for each impact, so that even pristine impact craters on Pluto could display a wide range in depths and wall slopes based on the different strength of the target in each area.
Introducing Vegetation Ecology and Diversity (VED)
Authors: Bonari Gianmaria , Axmanová Irena , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Bagella Simonetta , Fernández-González Federico , Gigante Daniela , Jiménez-Alfaro Borja , Kavgacı Ali , Viciani Daniele
Published: February 2025

The current issue is the first one of the journal Vegetation Ecology and Diversity, formerly Plant Sociology, the international peer-reviewed journal of the Italian Society of Vegetation Science (SISV). Vegetation Ecology and Diversity (VED) publishes original research articles covering all aspects of vegetation, ranging from plant communities to landscapes, including dynamic processes and community ecology. It prioritizes papers that emphasize plant community ecology and vegetation surveys to advance ecological models, interpret and classify vegetation, map ecosystems, assess environmental quality, manage and conserve plant biodiversity, and interpret and monitor European habitats. All the articles are freely available in Open Access (OA). In the present Editorial, we introduce the new journal name, the new Editorial Board and Social Media Team, several Topical Collections, and initiatives to support young researchers.
The Privilege of Mobility in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Moral Positions and Ambivalences of International Residents
Authors: Chaveneau Clio
Published: February 2025

Since the mid-1990s, the geopolitical and economic dynamics of the Occupied Palestinian Territories have facilitated the influx of highly qualified young workers from Europe and North America, who come to reside, work, or study in major Palestinian cities for a limited duration. Benefiting from their respective passports, they enjoy unrestricted movement across the Israeli-Palestinian territory. This mobility holds significant symbolic value for Palestinians, as it grants access to recreational spaces, leisure activities, and enhanced international mobility. Drawing on a survey conducted over twenty-three months between 2010 and 2015 — comprising interviews (N=90) and participant observation in the West Bank —, this study examines the daily manifestations of mobility privilege in the Palestinian context and the varied stances adopted by the surveyed population. These different uses expose divisions and tensions between “internationals” and Palestinians.
الزمان والمكان بنيويًّا في رواية «نزيف الحجر» لإبراهيم الكوني
Authors: شحيّد نبراس
Published: February 2025

يقدم هذا المقال قراءةً محايثةً لرواية إبراهيم الكوني نزيف الحجر عبر تحليل بنيتيها الزمانية والمكانية في منظورٍ مسيحاني ينتظم في سبعة مقاماتٍ متدرّجًا نحو محو لعنة الأرض التي تربط قابيل التوراة بقابيل الرواية. يسلّط هذا النصّ الضوء إذًا على ما يكتسبه الزمان والمكان من أبعادٍ ماورائيةٍ في رواية الكوني، يتناول جِدّتها الجدلية وتجذّرها في فضاء الصحراء الليبية وأساطيرها.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Across Various Professional Careers
Authors: S. Priya , Rajini G. , Santhana Karthikeyan V.
Published: February 2025

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) remains a widely accepted form of psychological treatment, known for its effectiveness in managing conditions such as anxiety, stress and depression its use has become especially common in the workforce in particular, especially those dealing with the mental health of working individuals. Professionals face specific stressors and barriers, making effective treatment critical. However, clinicians often find it difficult to effectively deliver CBT, which has led to extensive research on intervention strategies. This study developed Internet-based CBT, theory-based CBT and other strategies designed to improve CBT for occupations This article is a systematic literature review of the use of CBT in occupations about, and highlights both its core and effective features and compared with other interventions, CBT is more effective in addressing the mental health needs of occupations, making it what this group wants.
Navigating the Future
Authors: Sposato Martin
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the critical alignment of skills, employability, and career aspirations in the digital age. It examines theoretical foundations, practical strategies, and ethical considerations in navigating the rapidly evolving job market. The discussion covers the impact of AI and automation on career trajectories, the importance of continuous learning, and the role of emotional intelligence in professional success. The chapter also addresses the ethical implications of AI in recruitment and career development, emphasizing the need for inclusive and fair practices. It concludes by highlighting the importance of proactive career leadership and identifying key areas for future research, providing a comprehensive guide for individuals and organizations navigating careers in the digital era.
Technological Advances for Digital Twins in the Metaverse for Sustainable Healthcare
Authors: Ingale Anupama K. , Kim HyungSeok , Divya Udayan J. , Patil Shweta S. , Don S.
Published: February 2025

The emergence of digital twin technology has the potential to drastically change how we manage and interact with physical assets in every aspect of society. As we approach 2024 and beyond, digital twins' practically infinite potential will allow us to revolutionize a number of industries and open up new creative outlets. This comprehensive analysis encompasses the most recent developments in digital twin technologies in the healthcare industry with the incorporation of metaverse technology. In particular, we focus on how metaverse enhances the physical interactions and user experience of digital twins, and we discuss the main features and communication channels. Next, we proceed into the open-ended research issues, explore evaluation measures, and examine the most recent applications. Lastly, we highlight recent developments and unexplored avenues for this field of study. The finding addresses the need to address challenges like data integrity and privacy, user interaction and acceptance, ethical consideration, clinical validation.
An Approach to Decentralised IoMT Fault Recognition With Digital Twins Using Efficient and Well Organised Federated Learning
Authors: Babu Gokulnath Chandra
Published: February 2025

In the abstract, the move from centralized fault recognition (FR) models to decentralised solutions inside Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoMT) contexts is outlined more specifically. Even though centralization might improve operational efficiency, it also leaves systems vulnerable to substantial risks, such as the presence of single points of failure and breaches in data privacy. Efficient Federated Learning (EFL) application development models have evolved as a strong alternative in response to this challenge. These methods distribute data processing and enhance security. The advantages of EFL-based FR models are investigated in this work. A number of important risk scenarios are covered in this examination, such as data poisoning, privacy leakage, model drift, and performance overhead. The suggested model offers a robust framework for FR in healthcare ecosystems by integrating with Digital Twins (DT) and Edge Cloudlet Computing (EdgeCC).
A Multi-Modal Deep Learning Framework With Feature Selection for Improved Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using ECG and PCG Signals
Authors: Asha M. M. , Govindaraj Ramya
Published: February 2025

In the realm of smart healthcare, a revolutionary approach known as multimodal medical data fusion is gaining traction. This method allows for a more holistic understanding of a patient's health by combining various types of medical data. This allows us to extract the most useful and relevant features for the task at hand. However, the relationships between these data sets are often complex and not fully understood. Therefore, it's crucial to minimize the assumptions we make about how these data sets interact with each other. This study explores the application of multi-modal deep learning for improved cardiovascular disease prediction. While ECG and PCG signals are valuable tools for diagnosing cardiovascular disease, existing methods typically analyze each signal independently. By extracting and combining features from both ECG and PCG data, the method aims to create a more comprehensive picture of heart health. The framework utilizes deep neural networks to learn informative representations from each modality. A Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is then employed for feature selection, identifying the most discriminative features for CVD classification. Finally, an XGBoost model is used to classify patients based on the selected features. Experimental results demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed multi-modal approach compared to existing single-modality methods and concludes by discussing the potential and future directions of this approach for enhancing CVD diagnosis accuracy.
Secure Data Sharing in Healthcare
Authors: Roy Pujita , Sherazi Syed Hussnain Tahir , Delda Ma Joan Morillo , Maqsood Maida , Ahmad Munir
Published: February 2025

Integrating blockchain and digital twins in healthcare offers a secure and dynamic way to share patient data. Blockchain technology secures data through encryption, audit trails, and giving patients control over access. Digital twins create virtual patients to simulate health conditions and personalize treatments. This integration improves data sharing across healthcare providers by establishing common formats and breaking down data silos, which ultimately benefits patients with better care coordination, privacy, and personalized medicine. However, challenges like scalability, complying with regulations, and building trust among users need to be addressed for this technology to be widely adopted.
A Digitalized Framework for Enhancing Customer Service Delivery in Zimbabwean Local Authorities
Authors: Mushambi Oria , Tsokota Theo , Sakala Lucy Charity , Chipfumbu Colletor Tendeukai
Published: February 2025

There has been a growing need for local authorities in Zimbabwe to improve their customer service delivery. There has been a growing interest in the use of digital technologies to enhance customer service delivery in local authorities. The primary objective of this project is to create a digital framework that will enable local authorities to provide more effective services overall and expedite the customer service process. A quantitative research methodology was followed, which was based on the application of the positive research philosophy. The research population was comprised of 15 out of 20 local authorities in Zimbabwe. Key research findings revealed that traditional methods of rendering service delivery to stakeholders in Zimbabwe's local authorities were criticised for human error, manual review time, and limited scalability. The study's conclusions showed that the limited services provided by local governments are mostly provided by mandate between those authorities and a small number of citizens with significant sway over the system.
A Systematic Review on Application of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain Management System
Authors: Pal Shrabanti
Published: February 2025

In the recent economic environment and modern business landscape, supply chain management has become increasingly important. Modern supply chains are more complicated because of the globalization of business units, high customer demand, low product life cycle, and geographically disjointed entities competing to serve customers. Currently, business units are more inclined to maintain minimum inventory to avoid storage problems. Therefore, it has become challenging to predict accurate demand and the level of production process. Blockchain technology has emerged as a game changer, transforming the company's monitoring system, to authenticate and safeguard their transactions. Blockchain technology is a modern internet-based digital ledger system that ensures transparency, efficiency, traceability, and security for easing global supply chain management. The main aim of the present study is to focus on the barriers, constraints, challenges, and limitations to applying blockchain technology in sustainable supply chain management.
Carbon Footprint Mitigation
Authors: Chikosha Tapfumanei , Tambudzai Zachary
Published: February 2025

The chapter investigated the nature of climate change global risk and proposed climate change mitigation measures using a doctrinal methodology based on available literature. The atmosphere is a common property resource that experiences the tragedy of commons through pollution. Corporates emit greenhouse gases that cause climate change. In line with the Paris Agreement's long-term goal, measures should be taken to limit temperature increase to a maximum of one and half degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and achieve net zero target by 2050. Climate change mitigation is a collective process. There are opportunities arising from green management. Technological inventions for decarbonisation give corporates a competitive advantage through increased demand from green customers. Corporates should implement a phased management approach during a crisis with a strategic repositioning that incorporates modalities to address climate change. Corporate strategies for the 21st century should therefore ensure internalisation of their cost to the environment other than climate inaction.
Hybridized Deep Learning Models and Federated Learning Techniques to Forecast Stock Market Movement
Authors: Anitha A. , Mishra Bidyanand , Sahu Rahul Kumar , Raj Nikhil , Srinath S. , Kamaraj Balakrishnan
Published: February 2025

Traditional stock market prediction methods often rely on assumptions and conventional approaches, but the emergence of deep learning techniques offers a transformative opportunity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of several deep learning architectures, including LSTM networks, CNNs, GRU, and Bi-directional GRU and Federated Learning in forecasting stock prices. Through rigorous experimentation and assessment using key metrics such as Loss, MAE, MSE, MAPE, and RMSE, deep learning models, particularly LSTM networks and CNNs, demonstrate notable improvements in accuracy compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the study explores the interpretability of these models, providing insights into the complex dynamics influencing stock price fluctuations. The study aims to predict future stock prices of Cipla by integrating various financial indicators from annual reports to offer investors reliable insights for informed decision-making in navigating the intricacies of the stock market.
Multi-Product CONWIP System Performance Analysis
Authors: Singh Ritesh Kumar , Tiwari Sanjiv Kumar , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2025

The increasingly competitive and volatile market requires an adequate production management system to develop customized and unique products quickly and at the lowest possible cost to meet customer needs. The main aim of this chapter is to design a simulation model for studying the behavior patterns of selected performance measures, including mean cycle time, throughput, and mean utilization at different CONWIP levels. The closed queuing network (CQN) mathematical framework is employed to design the simulation model, which is further solved by the mean value analysis (MVA) algorithm. Additionally, the proposed model is simulated using ARENA simulation software to find the adequacy of the results obtained from the algorithm. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the performance of the CONWIP-based manufacturing system for various inputs to select the best alternative and determine which one provides the best solution.
Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainability in the Context of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mayavo Crossman
Published: February 2025

Public Private Partnerships have become the cornerstones of most developed and developing countries, and Zimbabwe is not an exception as they are flagship PPPs that have stood the test of time. The country could benefit so much from the use of public private partnerships as a means of sustainable development. The objectives were to investigate how the PPPs can contribute to sustainability in Zimbabwe showcasing the possibilities, obstacles, and future directions for effective public and private cooperation. The study made use of a qualitative study using document review method. The rationale behind using these companies is that they have PPPs running or completed and the authors looked at what contributions were made and what are the effects. The results showed that PPPs can be a source of sustainability in Zimbabwe as witnessed by the completion of Beitbridge Border Post, road rehabilitation and other running PPPs such as the Airport of Zimbabwe. Barriers such as political, economic and social can be solved and the country remain sustainable.
The Role of 21st Century Strategic Managers in Developing Sustainable Business Strategies for Organizational Survival and Sustainability
Authors: Tapera Julius , Mashapure Rahabhi , Hamunakwadi Purity , Mthombeni Admire , Mutanda Bronson , Mukurazita Enet
Published: February 2025

Sustainability has become topical in the running of business enterprises and it is incumbent upon business managers to lead the formulation and implementation of strategies that ensure sustainability. Strategic managers play a critical role in developing sustainable business strategies for organisational survival and sustainability. This chapter adopts a systematic literature review, in evaluating the role of 21st century strategic managers in developing sustainable business strategies for organizational survival and sustainability; focusing on how managers can lead the formulation and implementation of relevant business strategies for sustainability. A total of 57 relevant articles from Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were analysed through thematic and content analyses. The reviewed literature and analysis of findings from empirical evidence formed the basis for drawing conclusions, implications for theory, policy and practice and proffering relevant recommendations to academia, industry practitioners and policy makers.
Automating Agricultural Processes With Computer Vision
Authors: V. Dankan Gowda , Chen Zhaojie , Suganthi N. , Prasad K. D. V. , Dhole Sampada Abhijit
Published: February 2025

One of the key aspects of the modern farming that can be derived from technology is the computer vision, which is the part of the technology that involves the application to the processes of farming. This chapter discusses diverse applications of this technology in relation to agriculture: crops health check, efficient farming, identification of weeds/pests, and intelligent picking. Data acquisition is explained in detail along with how the various real life problems that arise in the implementation of such technologies like image processing in different settings, subsequent addition of more functionalities to the exisiting system and the integration of the system with other systems are addressed. In addition, the Chapter presents one's suggestions on new trends and creations in terms of new horizons and advancements, including innovative methods, algorithms, or paradigms, for example, new computation methods, improved methods and approaches to data acquisition, or principles like edge computing or multisite platforms.
Unleashing Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Big Data in Food and Agricultural Industry
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Raghav Anjali
Published: February 2025

Incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data is reimagining the food and agriculture sector and provides a three-dimensional effect on productivity, sustainability, and resource management. However, the bottom-line impact is that the interconnectedness of AI-driven analytic predictions combined with innovative farming technologies enabled by IoT can only bring forth better decision-making and reduce wastage, creating an answer for food security needs. Furthermore, big data analytics allows real-time market and consumer behavior tracking, providing businesses with a more transparent market picture. The chapter comprehensively understands these technologies, highlighting their applications in climate resilience, precision agriculture, and sustainable practices. It also analyzes the ethical and regulatory dilemmas these transformations pose. It offers a conceptual approach for balancing risks while implementing them to strengthen long-term agricultural sustainability and global food security.
Enhancing Food Safety and Quality Control With Computer Vision Systems
Authors: Ogidi Odangowei Inetiminebi , Wenapere Chidinma Mercy , Chukwunonso Obienu Anayochukwu
Published: February 2025

There is a growing need for food that fulfils high safety and quality standards, so it is necessary to have a precise, efficient, and unbiased method for evaluating these aspects in food items. The food business is increasingly utilising computer vision technologies for the aim of quality assurance. These technologies essentially take the place of human inspectors in assessing various quality parameters of both raw and processed foods. A computer vision system is an automated, non-destructive, and cost-effective solution. Image-based inspection has multiple applications in the food industry. Abundant evidence indicates that it can reliably assess and appraise fresh food. Computer vision may now be used to assess the quality of various food items such as meat, fish, pizza, cheese, and bread. Therefore, this chapter provides summary of the latest developments in the food industry, as well as describe the key elements of a computer vision system, emphasise significant aspects of image processing techniques, and underscore the significance of these approaches.
Automated Detection of Botrytis Cinerea in Grape Leaves Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mukherjee Anshit , Banerjee Sohini , Das Sudeshna
Published: February 2025

The fungus is found in grapes and leads to grey mold, this poses problems to grape growers because it looks similar to other foliar diseases is Botrytis Cinerea. The conventional methods of detection are time consuming and ineffective for large vineyards. We have developed a novel deep learning algorithm that utilizes Convolutional Neural Network (CNNs) for the automatic detection of Botrytis Cinerea in leaves of grapes. The CNN model was trained on Kaggle dataset which is freely available on their site and our framework achieves an average accuracy of 92.7% in recognising Botrytis infection from other diseases and healthy leaves which demonstrates its effectiveness in early detection. This CNN-based detection framework resembles a significant improvement in precision viticulture. This enables timely and precise recognition of Botrytis Cinerea which is important for effective disease management and improved grape quality.
Hybrid Deep Learning for Citrus Disease Detection
Authors: Barman Kumar Deep , Kumar Ansuman , Halder Anindya
Published: February 2025

Citrus diseases pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity, necessitating timely and accurate detection methods to mitigate their impact on crop yields. This research introduces a novel hybrid deep learning model that combines MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, and InceptionV3, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of citrus disease classification. Trained on a comprehensive dataset of citrus leaf images, the model achieved remarkable results across various key evaluation metrics. A confidence interval test further validated the model's reliability, providing additional insights into its consistency. The hybrid architecture effectively harnesses the strengths of the individual frameworks, allowing for the extraction of diverse and complex features from the input images. The proposed model consistently outperformed several state-of-the-art deep learning models, demonstrating its superiority and robustness for practical applications in real-world agricultural disease management, ultimately contributing to improved crop health and sustainability in agricultural practices.
Real-Time Data Processing in Agricultural Robotics
Authors: Hoque Azmirul , Padhiary Mrutyunjay , Prasad Gajendra , Kumar Kundan
Published: February 2025

This chapter emphasizes the integration of IoT and computer vision technology improving precision farming and also highlights the crucial role that real-time data processing plays in farm robots. According to research studies, real-time data enhances the efficiency of operations. The spraying can be even more accurate by up to 20% and the operating costs reduced by up to 12%. In addition to discussing topics like data accuracy and cybersecurity, this chapter still addressed benefits for crop monitoring and autonomous spraying in the form of instantaneous feedback. This further explains some future research areas under AI, climate-smart behaviors, and emergent technology. Some of the takeaway points of this chapter are that there is so much potential to greatly increase agricultural output and sustainability through these advancements. Apart from that, it also includes the requirements of continuous innovation and adaptations for these technologies to ensure that they meet today's agriculture needs.
Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on the Concept of Digital Strategy With VOSviewer
Authors: Dincsoy Meltem Okur , Can Hamit
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to map the evolution of the concept of digital strategy and the studies conducted on this concept and to present a systematic summary of the literature within the scope of quantitative data. Bibliometric data belonging to different types of studies scanned in the Web of Science database and published between 1999-2024 were examined. When the distribution of 737 studies published on digital strategy according to the publication years is examined, it is seen that the most intensive one is in 2022; the name that produced the most studies is Linda Harrington; the publication type is mostly articles (517); in terms of research areas, the studies are published in the fields of management (130); when the distribution of publications by country is examined, it is seen that the leadership is in the USA (152); the studies are mostly published in English (690); the vast majority of the publications are indexed by the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) (227). Digital strategy is among the most frequently used keywords with 175 repetitions.
Conceptual, Theoretical-Methodological, and Empirical Analysis of Digital Economic oOganization
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Gonzàlez-Àvila Francisco J. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C. , Rodriguez-Maillard Carlos
Published: February 2025

This chapter aims to analyze the evolutionary advances in the review of the conceptual, theoretical-methodological, and empirical literature on digital economic organization from different perspectives and in the current context. The method used is meta-analytical and meta-cognitive, reflexive, and descriptive based on the review of the conceptual, theoretical-methodological, and empirical literature. It is concluded that digital economic organization is a multidimensional concept that ranges from conceptual to methodological and empirical changes.
Social Enterprise Is Often a Part of the Strategic Development of a Country
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Lyubcheva Marusya , Andreeva Olga Valentinovna , Georgiev Marin , Simeonov Simeon , Dimitrov Milen
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to clarify and explore the needs regarding the understanding of the essence of social entrepreneurship in Bulgaria, as well as to attempt to analyze the relationship: education, business environment, social environment. We can already define at the beginning that social entrepreneurship is an unknown area for young people, and they essentially do not put any meaning in this concept. Establishing a deficit of such knowledge in young people leads to a search for an opportunity to be familiar with social entrepreneurship. The more essential problem is their preparation for carrying out similar social activities in this direction. All this is related to the development of new models for career development and the realization of a good professional and life perspective. The problems are clear from the outset, as they relate to low awareness, educational deficits, and lack of receptivity. This further complicates the tasks and creates additional obstacles.
A Study on the Curriculum Development for the Professional Hospice Nurse in Korea
Authors: Choi Euy Soon , Ro You Ja , Han Sung Suk , Kim Nam Cho , Kim Hee Seung , Park Ho Ran , Ahn Sung Hee
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to develop the first domestic professional hospice educational program. We investigated the present condition of Korean hospice education and analyzed the prerequisite need for a dedicated hospice course in the professional education process. Research was conducted between June and November 1996 for nursing professors teaching at each nursing education institute to find out how much hospice is being discussed and by whom, in which course it is being discussed, and also to find out the contents that needed to be include in the professional education process. From a total of 49 colleges(29 three year colleges, 20 four year colleges) out of 99, 162 nursing professors replied, the collection rate was 49.5%. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The present condition of the hospice nursing education. 1) Whether hospice is included in the education program. (1) 89-65% of 3 year colleges and 90% of 4year colleges included hospice education in their education program. (2) In graduate studies three schools included hospice their program and three schools expressed their plans to include hospice education. 2) Hospice related education were commonly discussed in adult nursing(26.3%), fundamental nursing(22.8%), and psychiatric nursing(20.2%). In 3 year colleges its commonly discussed in the first and second year and in 4 year colleges it is taught in the second and third year. 3) Hospice related theory/practical education hours were averages of 6.5/7.0 hrs in 3 year colleges and 14.2/11.3 hrs in 4 year colleges. 4) The majority of professors in charge of hospice education were in the following order adult nursing, psychiatric nursing, and fundamental nursing.5) The courses that are thought to be adequate to manage hospice related education were adult nursing(29.3%), community health nursing(21.7%) and the described method education was the method currently being used(36.5%). 2. The demand for hospice nursing education. 1) Over 70% demanded professional hospice education program, the highest demand was for the value and meaning of life followed by the role and qualification of the hospice team and the mental maintenance of a dying patient. 25 categories showed over 90% demand. 2) The highest demand was for the value and meaning of life(98.2%) and the lowest demand were for danjeon breathing(71.0%) and acupuncture(71.0%). 3) Other contents that need to be discussed in the professional hospice education program were hospice nursing, the attitude and reaction of death, bereavement care, and the prospect of hospice.
Dermatological insight as the key to diagnosing intestinal Behçet’s disease misdiagnosed as Crohn’s: a case report
Authors: Giorgio Caterina Mariarosaria , Di Brizzi Eugenia Veronica , Licata Gaetano , Fiorentino Carmine , Argenziano Giuseppe , Damiani Luca
Published: February 2025

This report presents the case of a 22-year-old male with recurrent genital ulcers, oral aphthae, and gastrointestinal ulcerations initially diagnosed as Crohn’s disease by gastroenterologists. Despite overlapping clinical and histological features between Crohn’s disease and intestinal Behçet’s disease, a dermatological consultation raised suspicion for Behçet’s, leading to a revised diagnosis. This case highlights the helpful role of dermatologists in avoiding misdiagnosis and ensuring appropriate treatments for complex inflammatory conditions.
The effectiveness of telehealth in improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of eclampsia prevention among preeclampsia mothers
Authors: Mamat Mamat , Sansuwito Tukimin , Pertiwi Rahayu , Dwikanthi Rahayu
Published: February 2025

Despite numerous media efforts to inform the public, the understanding, attitudes, and practices for preventing eclampsia have not significantly improved, and maternal deaths due to eclampsia remain alarmingly high. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic factors related to this issue and to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding eclampsia prevention among mothers experiencing preeclampsia. A quasi-experimental design with a control group was implemented to study the effects of telehealth tools on mothers with preeclampsia. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, resulting in a sample size of 104 mothers, which was calculated using the G*Power tool. The key variables in this study included telehealth tools, socio-demographics, knowledge and attitudes, and practices for preventing preeclampsia. Data were collected before and after the intervention. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis: the independent t-test used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, the paired t-test (dependent t-test) used the Wilcoxon test, and the multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Our study results indicate that a mother's history of preeclampsia and her number of pregnancies (parity) significantly influenced eclampsia prevention practices. Additionally, knowledge, attitudes, and methods of prevention showed notable changes before and after the telehealth intervention, with all p-values being less than 0.05. The effects of parity on eclampsia prevention practices, as well as the role of telehealth in shaping knowledge and attitudes toward eclampsia prevention and management, were examined in relation to parity and education level. The support systems and advocacy efforts used by health officers can be integrated to improve telehealth services and encourage collaborative research involving multiple health experts.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Alleviating Pain and Anxiety during Local Anaesthesia Administration in Children: A Split-mouth Study
Authors: Jabeen Seema , Dixit Anshika , Khan Suleman Abbas , Navit Saumya , Agrawal Shaifali , Roy Rudrani
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different methods, a custom-designed mucosal vibrator and topical benzocaine gel, in alleviating pain and anxiety during local anaesthesia (LA) administration in paediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:

A randomised, split-mouth controlled trial was conducted with 30 paediatric patients aged 5–10 years. Each child received LA with a custom-designed mucosal vibrator in one session and with topical benzocaine gel in another. Pain perception and anxiety were assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, Sound–Eye–Motor Scale and pulse rate measurements. The sequence of interventions was randomised using the sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelope technique.

Results:

The study found that the custom-designed mucosal vibrator significantly reduced pain perception compared to the benzocaine gel, as evidenced by both subjective and objective pain scores (P < 0.05). However, the two methods showed no significant difference in anxiety levels, as indicated by similar pulse rate changes (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The custom-designed mucosal vibrator offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to topical benzocaine for reducing pain during LA in children, though it does not significantly alter anxiety levels. This device could be a valuable tool for paediatric dental practitioners to improve the comfort of their patients during dental procedures.
Laparoscopic resection of a duplicated gall bladder: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Hai-Tao , Chu Jian-Feng , Zhou Jian-Chun
Published: February 2025

A duplicated gall bladder is a rare congenital biliary anomaly, with an incidence rate estimated between 1 in 4000–1 in 5000. It may present with no apparent symptoms or can manifest as biliary colic or symptoms related to pancreatitis. The Harlaftis classification system is widely used for categorising duplicated gall bladders: type I is the split primordial gallbladder, which includes the septated, V-shaped and Y-shaped varieties; type II is the accessory gall bladder type, encompassing the H-shaped or tubular and trabecular types and type III is the triplicated gall bladder type. Prophylactic surgical treatment is not recommended for asymptomatic duplicated gall bladders. However, for symptomatic cases, surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, and intraoperative cholangiography can help reduce the risk of bile duct injury. This article reports a case of a 59-year-old female patient in whom a duplicated gall bladder anomaly was not detected preoperatively but was found intraoperatively. The patient successfully underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the post-operative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of duplicated gall bladder anomaly.
Difficult Laryngoscopy Experienced by In-training Anesthesiologists in Apparently Normal Indian Surgical Population. How Much Does Optimal External Laryngeal Manipulation Help?
Authors: Devarakonda Bhargava V , Vadapalli Kiranmai , Yadav Rahul , Chaturvedi Ravindra
Published: February 2025

Background:

The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy among in-training anesthesiologists remains unclear. In addition, the effectiveness of optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM) in enhancing the laryngoscopic view during elective intubations by these trainees has not been assessed.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy, defined by the Cormack–Lehane grading system, and to evaluate the impact of OELM on the laryngoscopic view. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of five difficult airway predictors (upper lip bite test, Mallampati classification, atlanto-occipital extension, thyromental distance, and interincisor gap) was examined.

Methodology:

This prospective observational study was conducted at a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital. Patients undergoing general anesthesia were included, except those requiring nasal intubation, laryngeal mask airways, ASA grades III–IV, faciomaxillary trauma, airway tumors, or emergency intubation. Operators were anesthesiologists with at least six months of training and 100 intubations. Preoperative airway assessments included the upper lip bite test (ULBT), Mallampati score, atlanto-occipital extension, thyromental distance, and interincisor gap. Laryngoscopy was performed after induction with thiopentone and vecuronium, with ventilation confirmed. The laryngeal view was graded per Cormack–Lehane criteria. Optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM) was applied if needed. A senior anesthesiologist supervised all procedures. With an estimated difficult laryngoscopy prevalence of 18%, the required sample was 1750; 1914 patients were included. Ethics approval was obtained, and the study was registered (CTRI/2016/01/006510). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v17 and WINPEPI v11.

Results:

Of 1914 laryngoscopic attempts, 18.7% were difficult (grades 3 and 4). OELM significantly reduced the incidence of difficult views to 4.44% (P < 0.001), with no failed intubations. The study concluded that in-training anesthesiologists encounter difficult laryngoscopic views in about one in five cases. However, the five airway predictors studied showed limited effectiveness as screening tools for difficult laryngoscopy, while OELM proved to be a valuable technique for improving laryngoscopic views during elective intubations.

Conclusions:

Almost one in five laryngoscopic views encountered by in-training anesthesiologists is difficult (Cormack–Lehane grade 3 or 4). The five different airway predictors studied found that these tests were poor for screening predicting difficult laryngoscopy. OELM is a “handy” technique to improve difficult laryngoscopic view during elective intubations.
Missed Diagnosis: Case of Strangulated Femoral Richter’s Hernia in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Ahangba Adamgbe Moses , Linus Ezejiofor Ugochukwu , Joshua Agbatse Iorwuese , Ndubuisi Ottah Onyedikachi , Prince Adeosun Adewale , Alexander Ale Femi , Mercy Isichei Wakili , Ayedima Misauno Michael
Published: February 2025

Femoral hernias are rare but can occur and sometimes present with strangulation because of the narrow opening in the femoral canal. They are commoner in elderly women, and sometimes the diagnosis could be missed. We managed the case of a 77-year-old woman who was said to have undergone a “repair of an inguinal hernia” at a private hospital where she presented with a strangulated groin swelling. However, symptoms of bowel obstruction persisted post-operatively, necessitating the referral to our facility. On presentation, she was resuscitated, and intra-operative findings revealed a strangulated Richter’s femoral hernia. A wedge resection and anastomosis was done and the hernia defect repaired. She improved well and was subsequently discharged. Thus, the finding of complicated groin swelling should heighten the suspicion of the attending surgeon for a femoral hernia and provoke a detailed clinical examination so as to prevent delay in diagnosis, provide prompt intervention, and improve clinical outcomes. This is important particularly in our setting where hernia repairs are the most common surgeries done, yet advanced imaging modalities are not always accessible for accurate pre-operative diagnosis.