bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree Species Diversity in Makurdi Zoological Garden, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Paul Adoyi Michael , Alfred John Ubelejit
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study focuses on ecological assessment of tree species diversity in the Makurdi Zoological Garden, employing indices such as the Shannon Weigner evenness and diversity indices and the Menhinick index to evaluate species richness and distribution.
The findings highlight a moderate level of species diversity (diversity index of 2.06) and an uneven distribution of tree species, with Danieli oliveri showing the highest frequency and Ceasalpiniodeae the highest relative abundance.
The study's detailed analysis of species richness and abundance underscores the impact of disturbances on tree diversity and recommends close monitoring to mitigate logging and grazing activities.

Full Abstract
This study's primary emphasis was an ecological assessment of 16 different families of trees that were picked at random in an extended field survey conducted in the Makurdi Zoological Garden in Benue State, and this was done to assess the evenness, richness, and diversity of the tree species.  The relative abundance of trees was estimated using the Shannon Weigner evenness index, while the variety of tree species was estimated using the Shannon Weigner diversity index.  To determine the species richness in the research area, the Menhinick index was also employed.  Danieli oliveri has the highest frequency of 43.37%, while Acacia seyal, and parkia biglobosa have the lowest frequency of 0.14%.  The family Ceasalpiniodeae has the highest relative abundance of 0.4637, while Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae have the least relative abundance of 0.0027.  The result shows the Zoological Garden's diversity index to be 2.06, indicating a moderate level of species diversity supported by cluster analysis.  This suggests that some of the tree species found in the Makurdi Zoological Garden have experienced disturbances.  A moderate distribution and low species richness are also indicated by the evenness and Menhinick values of 0.72 and 1.06, respectively.  This suggests that some species are more abundant than others, leading to the domination of particular species.  The study recommends close monitoring of the study area to mitigate disturbances, logging, and grazing activities.
Valorization of Spent Plastics for Hydrocarbon Production with Improved Economic Worth and Environmental Remediation: A Pre-degradation Approach
Authors: Mustapha Amina Muhammad , Agbogo Victor Ugbetan , Inuwa Ibrahim Mohammed , Yilleng Moses Titus
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study introduces an approach to addressing Nigeria's plastic waste problem by converting discarded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sachets into valuable liquid fuel through pyrolysis.
Utilizing a modified zeolite catalyst (ZSM-5) enhanced with nickel, the research demonstrated a high yield (≈72%) of liquid products rich in alkenes, which are essential for gasoline blending and chemical processes.
The innovative dissolution of LDPE in toluene before degradation not only reduces viscosity for uniform heating but also presents a scalable solution to prevent pipeline blockages, showcasing the potential for continuous operation in plastic waste conversion.

Full Abstract
Amidst the world's energy crisis, our society faces a growing environmental dilemma as plastic junk winds up in landfills and bodies of water, infiltrating the food chain.  In Nigeria, water packaged in transparent low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sachets is widely consumed by the populace and the sachets are discarded in large quantities.  Waste LDPE was subjected to pyrolysis, which involves first dissolving it in toluene and then degrading it using a modified zeolite catalyst.  ZSM-5 underwent modification with the addition of nickel using the hydrothermal technique.  The catalyst and pure zeolite's elemental composition, surface area, crystal structure, and morphology were examined through Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively.  The liquid products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).  The result showed a high yield of liquid products (≈72%) rich in alkene, a valuable gasoline blending stock that can be used as a feedstock for various chemical processes.  The physicochemical parameters of the oil obtained via both thermal and catalytic cracking were also determined and it was observed that the product of the catalyzed process had better properties with some of the oil-fuel characteristics obtained fitting perfectly within the range of standard fuel.  Dissolving the LDPE in toluene reduced its viscosity, allowing for easy handling and uniform heating within the reactor.  Furthermore, the dissolution method before degrading could help prevent pipelines from getting stuck with melted plastic feed if plastic waste conversions through cracking are scaled up to continuous operations.
Assessment of Physiological/Toxicological Effects of Camel Milk and Urine on Wistar Rats: A Study on Weight Gain, Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Changes
Authors: Aremu Abdulfatai , Oderinde Hakeemat Moyosore , Akorede Ganiu Jimoh , Olatunji Aishat Omobolanle , Basiru Afisu , Ahmed Akeem Olayiwola
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study comprehensively evaluates the physiological effects of camel milk and urine on Wistar rats, providing new insights into their safety and potential health benefits.
It uniquely demonstrates that while camel milk and urine independently show some positive physiological impacts, their combination may induce adverse effects, particularly evident through significant changes in body weight, blood parameters, and histopathological lesions.
The findings highlight the importance of assessing the safety and efficacy of traditional remedies in isolation and combination, contributing valuable data to the field of ethnopharmacology and veterinary medicine.

Full Abstract
This experiment was steered to observe the safety evaluation of camel milk and its urine on the physiological indices of experimental rats.  Four groups of twenty Wistar rats each were formed: Group 1 (Control), 2 milk (2 ml/100 g), 3 (2 ml/100 g), and 4 (milk/urine combination).  The result showed that all treatment groups experienced a significantly decreased body weight gain across day 1-14, which significantly increased between day 18-21, except for group 4, which decreased significantly.  The PVC, RBC, and haemoglobin increased non-significantly in group 2 and decreased in groups 3 and 4.  WBC decreased significantly in milk/urine combination compared to other treatment groups.  Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes did not show significant alteration across all the treatment groups.  ALT decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) in all the treatment groups, while AST showed non-significant increased values in groups 2 and 3 except in group 4, which decreased significantly.  Urea and creatinine decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all the treatment groups.  Cl- of group 3 decreased significantly (p<0.05), while it increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4.  Na+ showed significantly increased values across all the treatment groups while Bicarbonate decreased significantly in all the treatments.  Ca2+ increased non-significantly.  Histopathology results showed that group 4 has arrays of lesions compared to those treated separately.  There was no observable lesion in these organs in group-2.  It can be concluded that camel milk and its urine might have some beneficial effects when dosed separately, but they might predispose to harmful effects when combined.
Malaria Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Wadata and Lafia North Primary Health Care Centers Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Maikentii James Ishaku , Umar Ruqayyat Musa , Ombugadu Akwashiki , Aimankhu Peter Oseghale , Yusuf Kuna Samaila , Mamman Atnaga Shadrach , Dakum Yakob Dalis
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study investigates the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, revealing significant associations between infection rates and educational level, occupational status, and age.
The results demonstrate the highest prevalence of Plasmodium infection among women aged 31–35 and those with tertiary education, while civil servants showed significantly higher infection rates compared to other occupational groups.
Additionally, the study highlights differences in malaria prevalence related to net ownership and usage, providing critical insights into targeted public health interventions for reducing malaria risk in this vulnerable population.

Full Abstract
Plasmodium infection in pregnant women poses significant public health challenges, potentially leading to adverse outcomes for both mothers and their babies.  This study investigated the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors among 144 pregnant women attending a prenatal clinic at Wadata and Lafia North Primary Health Care Centers in Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria.  Using thick and thin blood smears and structured questionnaires, we found that 15.79% of the women were infected with Plasmodium.  Even though Wadata Primary Health Centre recorded a higher prevalence (15.87%) than Lafia North (15.69%), no difference was observed (ᵪ2= 0.0012658, df = 1, P = 0.9716).  Plasmodium infection prevalence was highest (27.27%) in the age range 31–35 and lowest in the age ranges15-20 (7.14%), while age above 36 years recorded negative infection.  The highest prevalence (19.04%) was observed in women who acquired a tertiary education, then those who acquired a primary education (18.75%) or a secondary (17.64%) or those with no formal education (4.54%), and these differences in the prevalence with respect to the educational level varied significantly (ᵪ2= 9.8462, df = 3, P = 0.01992).  A significant difference (ᵪ2= 27.516, df = 4, P = 1.563x10-5) was observed in civil servants (25.00%) compared to traders (15.15%), other employees (14.28%), artisans (8.00%), as well as the farmers who were never infected at all.  The prevalence of malaria among women who own a net was 17.1% in Lafia and 15% in Wadata. While those sleeping under it were 5 (18.2%) in Lafia North and 3 (8.82%) in Wadata.  The prevalence among women who had prior knowledge of using a treated bed net as a malaria protective measure in Lafia North was 6(13.3%), while in Wadata, it was 6(14.7%).
Assessing the Profitability of Cabbage Production among Farmers in North-Western Nigeria: A Case Study in Katsina Metropolis
Authors: Ojoko Emmanuel Ada , Busari Feyintola Faoziyyah , Fawole Bolaji Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study assesses cabbage production profitability among farmers in North-western Nigeria, highlighting socioeconomic factors and production constraints.
The research uniquely employs descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis, revealing a substantial profit margin of ₦614,925.15 per hectare per year and a high return on investment, with ₦17k realized for every ₦1 invested.
These findings underscore the potential for significant economic gains in cabbage farming and suggest targeted interventions such as agricultural credit, improved irrigation, and pest-resistant seeds to enhance productivity and profitability.

Full Abstract
This study looked at the profitability of cabbage production among Cabbage farmers in North-western Nigeria. One hundred registered cabbage farmers were randomly chosen using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage mean, and gross margin analysis, were used to analyse the study's objectives. Based on socioeconomic factors, the average age of cabbage farmers was 44 years old, with an average farm size of 1.5 hectares, 11 years of farming experience, and a family size of 9 persons. Additionally, 46% of the farmers had completed post-primary education. Farmers' profitability analysis showed a gross margin of N614,925.15 per hectare per year, with seed accounting for the largest variable cost of ₦37,384.82/ha of overall production costs. Furthermore, the ratio of the total variable cost to gross margin computed showed that for every ₦1 invested in cabbage production, ₦7.17k was realized. Pest and diseases, inadequate rainfall and inadequate capital were the major constraints faced by cabbage producers. Therefore, this study suggested that agricultural sector stakeholders provide agricultural credit, irrigation facilities, and resistant cabbage seed for increased productivity, resulting in high profitability.
Exploring Partially Ordered Multisets: Definitions, Applications, and Combinatorial Parameters
Authors: Balogun Funmilola , Balami Holyheavy M , Madugu Abdu
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This paper surveyed comparatively analysed existing orderings on multiset structures, with a particular focus on definitions that result in partial orders, such as those consistent with the Dershowitz-Manna multiset ordering.
By highlighting the strengths and limitations of these orderings, the study offers critical insights into their applicability in real-world scenarios, including computer programming.
Additionally, the paper explores generalized combinatorial parameters on ordered multiset structures, providing recommendations for their use in further studies.

Full Abstract
A partially ordered set (S,≼) is a nonempty set S equipped with a partial order ≼. Ordered structures are useful for representing application problems that involve comparable and incomparable parameters or inputs. Ordered sets are studied based on classical set theory, where objects in a collection are assumed to be distinct. However, mathematical objects are not always distinguishable, especially in applications. Multisets are mathematical models of entities with repetition. Multiset theory is distinguished from a set by carrying information on the number of times an element appears in a given collection, making it suitable for modeling real-life situations. A multiset M over S can be formally defined as a cardinal-valued function, M:S→N such that x∈Dom (M) implies M(x) is a cardinal number and M(x)=m_M (x)>0, where m_M (x) denotes the number of times x occurs in M. Multisets generalize the classical sets and are apt for representing partial orders. There has been a growing interest in extending results on ordered sets to multisets. Unlike in classical set theory, there is still no unanimous way of studying foundational concepts in multisets. For instance, different approaches have been proposed for studying orderings on multisets due to the multiplicity parameter that is peculiar to multisets. This paper surveys studies on ordered multisets and compares existing orderings proposed on multiset structures. In particular, cases where the definition results in a partial order are of great interest in this exposition; their properties and theoretical implications make them suitable for application. We focus on definitions consistent with the Dershowitz-Manna multiset ordering, usually the standard multiset ordering, due to their relevance in applications, e.g., in computer programming. The strengths and possible limitations of the multiset orderings presented in this work are highlighted. This would aid in identifying potentially suitable definitions when dealing with studies that involve ordered multisets. Combinatorial parameters that have been studied on ordered multiset structures are also presented in this paper. The generalized notions of these parameters are investigated with some recommendations.
Assessment of Indoor Resting Density of Female Mosquitoes in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria: Implications for Disease Transmission and Community-Based Mosquito Control Measures
Authors: Sadiq Abubakar Abubakar , Ishaq Shamsu ibrahim , Akilu Humaira Liman
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study presents insights into the seasonal variations in Indoor Resting Density (IRD) of female mosquitoes in Dutse L.G.A., Jigawa State, providing critical data for targeted vector control interventions.
By employing the Pythrum Spray Caught method across three communities over seven months, it uniquely identifies the optimal timing for insecticide spraying, particularly in April, when the IRD exceeds the epidemic threshold.
The research underscores the necessity of community involvement in mosquito control measures, paving the way for more effective and localized vector management strategies.

Full Abstract
Mosquito is a major vector of humans and other animals globally, especially in Africa.  This study assessed female mosquitoes' Indoor Resting Density (IRD) in Dutse L.G.A., Jigawa State.  Mosquitoes were collected using the Pythrum Spray Caught method from three communities (Gurungu, Baranda, and Warwade) for seven months (April to October 2022).  The highest IRD of female Anopheles was recorded in September at Baranda (33.3) and the lowest IRD at Gurungu (0.0) in June.  The highest IRD of Female Culex was recorded in July at Gurungu (13.7), while the lowest was recorded in June at Baranda (0) and Warwade.  The findings of this study revealed the idle spraying time of insecticide in all the study sites, which was found to be April because the IRD was beyond the normal (0.05)per house, which was related to epidemic transmission of the diseases.  I recommended further study on community involvement in mosquito control measures.
Exploring the Influence of Teacher Self-Efficacy on Teaching Quality in Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Na Chang , Isa Zainudin Mohd
Published: August 2024

This study examines the influence of teacher self-efficacy on teaching quality in higher vocational education. Teacher self-efficacy, rooted in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, refers to teachers' beliefs in their ability to impact student engagement and learning outcomes. Using a quantitative research design, the study explores how self-efficacy affects teaching practices and student outcomes in vocational education, which emphasizes practical skills and hands-on experience. The research includes standardized questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations to collect data from teachers in higher vocational education institutions in China. Findings reveal that higher teacher self-efficacy is associated with improved teaching quality, innovative teaching practices, effective classroom management, and enhanced student engagement and achievement. The study provides recommendations for professional development programs aimed at enhancing teacher self-efficacy to improve teaching quality and better prepare students for the workforce.
Enhancing Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education through 'Three-Whole Education' in Guangxi Universities: A Conceptual Analysis within the Rural Revitalization Context
Authors: Xin Yang Zhi , Yi Sun Jia , Song Qiu Yun
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the integration of 'Three-Whole Education' to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship education in Guangxi universities within the context of rural revitalization. By employing a quantitative approach, the study investigates how the components of 'Three-Whole Education' (whole-person, whole-process, and whole-course education) synergize with innovation and entrepreneurship training to cultivate talents suited for addressing rural challenges. The analysis includes a review of relevant literature, theoretical frameworks, and empirical studies to propose a conceptual model. Findings suggest that 'Three-Whole Education' can significantly impact students' entrepreneurial skills and innovation capabilities, providing practical recommendations for educators and policymakers. The study also identifies research gaps and suggests future directions, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, and robust measurement tools to further understand and optimize this educational approach in the context of rural revitalization.
Exploring Cognitive Appraisal as a Mediator between Stress Coping Strategies and Psychological Well-Being: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptation to Stress among Chinese University Teachers
Authors: Xiaoli Zhao , Veloo Arsaythamby
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of professional identity on retention intention among foreign university educators in Guangxi Province, China. Utilizing quantitative approach, the research employs surveys to collect comprehensive data, which is then analyzed using SPSS as statistical tool. The findings underscore the significant role of professional identity in enhancing job satisfaction, commitment, and retention intentions. The study highlights the importance of cultural adaptation, institutional support, and professional development opportunities in fostering a strong professional identity. The results provide valuable insights for university administrators and policymakers, offering practical recommendations to support and retain foreign educators. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of Social Identity Theory and Organizational Commitment Theory within the context of higher education, emphasizing the need for supportive and inclusive academic environments to maintain a diverse and talented academic workforce.
Die problematischen Unterschiede der Regelungen nach dem SGB II und dem SGB XII (Teil 2)
Authors: Klerks Uwe , Conradis Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Der Beitrag setzt die Ausführungen im ersten Teil in info also 2024, 99 ff. fort. Es werden vor allem die Unterschiede bei der Berücksichtigung von Einkommen und Vermögen dargestellt und auf weitere vielfältige Unterschiede lediglich kurz verwiesen. Zum Schluss erfolgt dann eine Gesamtbewertung der unterschiedlichen Regelungen.
Gegenstandsbescheide gem. § 96 SGG im Bereich der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende
Authors: Harks Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dass ein Leistungsempfänger gegen seinen Bürgergeldbescheid klagt, hindert das Jobcenter nicht daran, diesen Bescheid durch einen neuen zu ändern oder zu ersetzen. § 96 Abs. 1 SGG bewirkt, dass der neue Verwaltungsakt ohne Zutun der Beteiligten automatisch zum Gegenstand des bereits laufenden Klageverfahrens wird. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über diese prozessrechtliche Vorschrift und nimmt dabei speziell Konstellationen aus dem Bereich der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende in den Blick.
Normative Prinzipien und individuelle Realitäten: Geschlechtliche Selbstbestimmung im Schatten des SBGG
Authors: Halbach Jule , Uebachs Frido
Published: August 2024

Das neue Selbstbestimmungsgesetz, das am 1. November 2024 an die Stelle des bisherigen Transsexuellengesetzes treten wird, soll mehr geschlechtliche Selbstbestimmung ermöglichen. Ob die künftig beim Standesamt mögliche Änderung des Geschlechtseintrags diesem Versprechen gerecht wird und welche rechtlichen Hürden trotz der Reform bestehen bleiben, analysiert der Beitrag insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der verfassungsrechtlichen Einbettung der neuen Regelungen.
Evaluation Of Disaster Preparedness Perceptions Of Prehospital Emergency Health Workers: Kayseri Case
Authors: Denizli Fatih , Kınış Zühal
Published: August 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions of prehospital emergency healthcare workers and to ascertain whether these perceptions vary according to their demographic characteristics. Materials and methods: A total of 246 prehospital emergency healthcare workers participated in the study, which was conducted in Kayseri Province. The "HASPAHA Scale," consisting of 28 statements, was utilized in the research. SPSS 22 package program was used in the analysis of the data obtained by the survey technique, and descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-test and ANOVA analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: In this study, there were significant differences in the overall disaster preparedness perceptions of prehospital emergency healthcare workers based on gender and educational status, while no significant differences were observed based on age group, title, or length of service. The desirability sub dimension of disaster preparedness perception varied according to educational status, while the significance sub dimension differed based on gender, age group, and educational status. Additionally, the self-efficacy and intervention skills sub dimensions exhibited significant differences based on gender and educational status, and the benefit sub dimension showed significant differences based on gender, age group, title, and educational status. Furthermore, it was determined that the disaster preparedness perceptions of prehospital emergency healthcare workers did not vary based on their experiences of encountering disasters or their involvement in disaster response situations. Conclusion: The research findings indicate that prehospital emergency healthcare workers' perceptions of disaster preparedness are significantly above average and vary according to certain demographic characteristics. Due to the insufficient literature on the subject, this study contributes to the relevant literature and serves as a reference for practitioners in disaster preparedness and planning processes, providing valuable insights for their utilization.
Features of capital formation in enterprises in Azerbaijan
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti, Hacıyeva N.M
Published: August 2024

One of the most important components of starting a business is capital, and this serves as a foundation. The structure of capital consists of a special combination of debt and capital, which the company uses to finance its operations, assets. Companies invest in resources that will bring cash, increase profits . These resources can be both tangible and intangible. By material, this is a factory, factory, machine, equipment, etc. it can be. Intangible, on the other hand, can be assets invisible to the naked eye, such as patents, brand names, image of the firm. The successful development of each enterprise, the progress of its activities in a positive direction is due precisely to the structure of capital. Financial relations include the framework of monetary interactions and monetary transactions. More simply, financial relations operate in monetary form, have a divisional nature, involve the creation and distribution of various types of income, the accumulation of funds in various economic entities, investment funds, and the attraction of both state and non production industries. Financial relations are significantly related to entrepreneurial activity. It is clear that enterprises operating in entrepreneurial conditions usually act as commercial organizations, and their main goal is to make a profit. According to legal provisions, commercial organizations are business entities engaged in service, production and various other types of activities. As business entities and investment activities develop, financial relations arise that play a role in the creation of special funds and income in the form of money for enterprises and commercial organizations. Financial relations are also manifested in the process of attracting external financial resources through debt, the distribution of income, their use for accumulation and consumption purposes.
Organızatıonal features of corporate securıtıes market regulatıon ın Azerbaıjan
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti, Həsənli B.M
Published: August 2024

Regulation of the corporate securities market in Azerbaijan plays an important role in the countrys financial sector. This regulation was established with the aim of ensuring the efficient, transparent and fair functioning of the market, protecting the rights of investors and ensuring financial stability. The organizational features of regulation are usually determined by competent authorities such as a central bank, capital markets commission or financial regulatory authority. These organizations monitor the activities of market participants, define market rules and ensure their compliance. In addition, stock exchanges or authorized trading platforms where corporate securities are traded are also regulated. The regulation also covers issues such as registration and custody of securities, investor protection and information. International cooperation is also an important component of regulation, because Azerbaijan tries to comply with international standards by cooperating with international financial institutions. These organizational features ensure efficient management of the corporate securities market in Azerbaijan and contribute to the protection of financial stability.
The role of enterprise resource planning ERP systems in the supply chain
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Economic University, Huseynov A.S , Hesenova I.M
Published: August 2024

In todays globalized marketplace, efficient supply chain management is essential for businesses to maintain a competitive edge. Enterprises are constantly seeking innovative solutions to streamline their operations and enhance productivity. One such solution that has revolutionized supply chain management is Enterprise Resource Planning ERP systems. ERP systems serve as the backbone of modern businesses, integrating various functions and processes across the organization. This article delves into the pivotal role of ERP systems in optimizing supply chain operations, from procurement to distribution.
Analysıs of the current sıtuatıon of the creatıon of tourısm ınfrastructure ın the terrıtorıes lıberated from occupatıon
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti, Xəlilov E.Z
Published: August 2024

Purpose Smart tourism, which focuses on the use of information technology and innovation to improve the tourism experience and sustainable development of the tourism industry, is becoming increasingly popular in the modern world. Method Analysis, synthesis and comparative analysis methods were used in the research work. Conclusion Applying the experience of foreign countries is an important aspect for the development and improvement of politics, economy, education and other spheres of life in every country. Studying the experience of other states allows you to learn from their successes and mistakes, as well as adapt this knowledge to your own needs and circumstances. Scientific innovation Tourism development can help improve the image of a region as a safe and welcoming place to visit, which in turn will attract more tourists and investment. Practical significance The creation of tourism infrastructure in the liberated territories can contribute to the economic development of the region. Tourism can become an important source of income for the local population, create new jobs and stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
Natural monopolıes ın the energy sector and assessment of the current sıtuatıon
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti, Imrani İ.E
Published: August 2024

The energy industry, serving as a cornerstone for global economic expansion, relies predominantly on natural resources to sustain its operations. This abstract delves into the contemporary status of natural resources within the energy sector, emphasizing pivotal resources such as fossil fuels, renewable energy reservoirs, and burgeoning technologies. Fossil fuels, encompassing coal, oil, and natural gas, persist as primary contributors to worldwide energy generation, yet face intensifying scrutiny due to environmental apprehensions and their finite nature. Conversely, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power, have garnered increased traction as sustainable alternatives, albeit encountering challenges associated with intermittency and storage capabilities. The advent of pioneering technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells and advanced nuclear reactors holds promise for transformative shifts, although hurdles regarding scalability and cost-effectiveness remain prevalent. This assessment factors in geopolitical dynamics, economic variables, and environmental imperatives that dictate resource utilization patterns. Given escalating concerns surrounding climate change and energy security, transitioning towards cleaner and sustainable energy frameworks is imperative. However, such a transition demands comprehensive legislative frameworks, technological innovations, and global cooperation to navigate underlying complexities and ensure a seamless adaptation process. Balancing energy demands with environmental stewardship underscores the formidable challenge at hand, underscoring the exigency for concerted and collaborative endeavors to foster a resilient, diversified, and eco conscious energy landscape. This abstract offers a succinct overview of the intricate nexus between natural resources and the energy domain, advocating for holistic strategies to navigate the evolving energy milieu of the 21st century.
Management of sustaınable development of the natıonal economy: theoretıcal and methodologıcal foundatıons, envıronmental audıt tools
Authors:   Azərbaycan Memarlıq və İnşaat Universiteti, Məmmədova F.Ə , Fərəcova M.S ,   Azərbaycan Memarlıq və İnşaat Universiteti
Published: August 2024

The increase in global environmental problems, the depletion of natural resources, the emergence of crises of anthropogenic origin, and the understanding of the catastrophic nature of the current socio economic development make it necessary to revise the system of nature humanity relations. From the point of view of many researchers, the current directions of the transition to the path of sustainable development are uncertain, because they have not clearly defined the goal of development and the possible ways to achieve it. Many management issues at various levels related to the transition to sustainable development have not been resolved and require development. One of the priority tasks of ecological and economic research is the development and implementation of the mechanism for ensuring the state strategy for the sustainable development of the countrys territorial and industrial complexes, which involves strengthening the greening of the economy and protecting the favorable environment. In these conditions, the need to develop and use non-traditional approaches to solving environmental and economic problems, and to find new resources for the country s development is evident.
The essence of city branding and its significance for cities
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti, Mirzəməmmədov Ə.R
Published: August 2024

City branding has become a widespread topic, defined as the use of branding and marketing strategies to enhance the public perception of cities. City branding is the process of using branding and marketing techniques to create a unique and positive identity for a city in the minds of stakeholders. A city brand can help cities improve their quality of life, attract visitors, investors and talent, and increase their reputation and competitiveness. However, city branding is also a complex and challenging task that requires a strategic and holistic approach that takes into account the diverse and dynamic nature of cities and their stakeholders. This article aims to provide an introduction to the theory of city branding by reviewing its definition, objectives, benefits, importance and the role it plays in urban development and its main components. It also presents some examples of successful city branding practices from around the world. The article concludes that city branding is an important tool for urban development and cities should invest in it to improve their image and attract more visitors and investors.
Redescription of a small Caviidae (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from the Neogene of northwestern Argentina and its systematic implications
Authors: MADOZZO JAÉN María Carolina , PÉREZ María Encarnación
Published: August 2024

The understanding of the taxonomy, diversity, and evolutionary patterns of caviids in northwestern Argentina is still in the process of development. This paper presents new insights into the systematic and evolution of Orthomyctera andina (Rovereto, 1914), one of the most abundant species within Caviidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817, in the fossil record of this region. A comprehensive anatomical description and taxonomic review of Orthomyctera andina in a phylogenetic context is provided. Moreover, it includes a redescription of the type specimen of Orthomyctera rigens (Ameghino, 1888). The taxonomical results confirm that O. andina belongs to a different genus: Orocavia (Kraglievich, 1932). The phylogenetic analysis further confirms the placement of both species within Caviinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817. Orthomyctera andina is the sister taxon of the clade that includes ­Microcavia Gervais & Ameghino, 1880, Dolicavia Ameghino, 1916, Neocavia Kraglievich, 1932, and Orthomyctera Ameghino, 1889. It is supported by a combination of plesiomorphic characters (e.g.  furrow opposite to hypoflexus/id in molariforms) shared with basal taxa and Dolichotinae Pocock, 1922 and derived characters (such as a terreced palate, external auditory meatus below the occlusal surface , length of p4-m1 shorter than length of m2-m3) shared with Caviinae. This study aims to elucidate the taxonomic status of these poorly known rodents and their relationships within Caviidae. Additionally, it incorporates a biogeographic analysis of caviomorph communities from the late Neogene in Argentina.
Penerapan Model Dick and Carrey pada Pembelajaran PAI di MA Al-Falah Nagreg
Authors: Nugraha Mulyawan Safwandy , Saputra Wahyu Andi
Published: August 2024

This research uses a qualitative approach by utilizing interviews and observations as the main instruments to collect in-depth data regarding the application of the Dick and Carrey Model in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at MA Al-Falah Nagreg. The research results highlight the dominant learning pattern in schools, which relies more on conventional methods with teacher presentation of material and student involvement through note-taking and limited discussion sessions. Factors that influence the decision not to adopt the Dick and Carrey Model, such as practical obstacles in its implementation, established school policies, financial constraints, and considerations of educational values and philosophy, are highlighted in the eval_uation of school obstacles. Furthermore, this article details alternative learning models that can be implemented to increase the effectiveness of PAI learning at MA Al-Falah, including project-based approaches, cooperative learning, and the flipped classroom concept, with the hope of being able to overcome these obstacles and be in line with the characteristics and values of educational values embraced by the school.
Hubungan antara Gaya Hidup Hedonis dengan Harga Diri pada Mahasiswa Generasi Z Universitas Swasta Jakarta
Authors: Putri Adinda Ranita , Aulia Farah
Published: August 2024

University students are in a phase of self-discovery, during which a hedonistic lifestyle can influence their self-perception. This study aims to analyze the relationship between a hedonistic lifestyle and self-esteem among Generation Z students at a private university in Jakarta. The research employs a quantitative method with a correlational approach, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 270 students using purposive sampling techniques. The hedonistic lifestyle was measured using the Hedonistic Lifestyle Scale (Engel et al., 1994), while self-esteem was measured using the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The results indicate a significant positive relationship between a hedonistic lifestyle and self-esteem, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.683 and a significance level of p < 0.05. These findings suggest that students with a hedonistic lifestyle tend to have higher self-esteem. Overall, the study shows that the majority of Generation Z students at the private university in Jakarta exhibit both high self-esteem and a high hedonistic lifestyle.
Hubungan Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) dengan Psychological Distress pada Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Islami Azizah , Rinaldi Rinaldi
Published: August 2024

As a student, students are required to be able to complete the lecture level with satisfactory grades. In reality, many students are not only responsible for studying but also have other responsibilities such as organisations, work and family. Common demands experienced by students such as getting good grades, getting a job, building a career and some are also required to get married immediately. Demands that exceed the limits of the ability of students will trigger the onset of psychological distress.  Psychological distress is a condition or unpleasant feeling that is felt subjectively by individuals. Distress can be caused by situational factors, namely adverse childhood experience. This study aims to determine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) and Psychological Distress in Padang State University Students. This study uses quantitative research methods with a correlational approach. Sampling using purposive sampling technique with a total of 100 respondents. Data analysis using product moment correlation. The results showed that ACE and psychological distress had a positive relationship with a p value of 0, 00> 0.05 with a pearson correlation value of 0.587.
Global Study on the Accuracy of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low Diagnosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Rüschoff Josef , Penner Alexander , Ellis Ian O. , Hammond M. Elizabeth Hale , Lebeau Annette , Osamura Robert Y. , Penault-Llorca Fréderique , Rojo Federico , Desai Chirag , Moh Akira , Atkey Neil , Baenfer Gudrun , Scheel Andreas H. , D’Arrigo Corrado , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Viale Giuseppe ,   HER2-Low Study Group
Published: August 2024

Context.—

Recently, a new type of antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), has been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with low level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene expression. Thereby, eligibility relies on an accurate diagnosis of HER2-low status defined by immunohistochemistry IHC 1+/2+ with no gene amplification.

Objective.—

To assess pathologists’ accuracy and training efficacy in the diagnosis of HER2-low.

Design.—

Agreement rates of HER2-low scoring in breast cancer tissue were assessed between expert consensus and real-world pathologists (n = 77 from 14 countries) before and after a specific 4-hour training for HER2-low detection. Two assays were evaluated, the Ventana Pathway 4B5 CDx and the Dako HercepTest (polyclonal). Concordance of the pathologists with consensus score and efficacy of training were measured by Cohen κ, overall rater agreement, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistics.

Results.—

In the Ventana 4B5 HER2-low category, baseline agreement rates were >80% but <90%. Negative percentage agreement was improved from 80.6% to 91.1% by training. In the HER2-0 category, positive percentage agreement (74.6%) was the only parameter below the 80% benchmark but was significantly improved to 89.2% after training. Training efficacy was confirmed by ROC curve analysis, which shows improvement for the identification of HER2-0 and HER2-low cases. Finally, in-depth examination of cases with discordant HER2 status disclosed specific issues of HER2-low underscoring and overscoring.

Conclusions.—

The ability of pathologists to achieve acceptable diagnostic accuracy in identifying patients with HER2-low breast cancer could be enhanced by short-term training. Potential routes to improve the quality of HER2-low scoring in clinical practice have been identified.
Comparison of Lateral Flow Immunoassays with PCR for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors:   Coventry University, United Kingdom., Amadi Jerry Godspower
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for efficient and accurate diagnostic methods. This review compares Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection. LFIAs, which detect viral antigens or antibodies, offer rapid, cost-effective testing suitable for mass screening but are less sensitive than PCR. PCR, particularly Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), remains the gold standard due to its high sensitivity and specificity, albeit with longer turnaround times and higher costs. Digital Droplet PCR (ddPCR) is highlighted for its enhanced accuracy over conventional RT-PCR. This comparison evaluates these diagnostic methods' strengths, limitations, and practical applications in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Handbook of Educational Research for Beginners
Authors: Şengül Özden
Published: August 2024

This book focuses on educational research for college students, teachers, and beginner educational researchers. It can guide researchers to get an overall understanding of what research is, what education research entails, and how teachers can design, implement, and evaluate a study to understand the effectiveness of an instructional strategy or improve student learning. It has an introductory level, easy to understand with plenty of examples. Teachers can find relevant materials to learn methods to guide their students by using different forms of research tools in data collection and analysis. Readers are exposed to craft research topics and research questions. Instructors can organize individual and group study programs for their students. The book suggests the readers to read published research articles to explore what has been done on educational research and draw links between the similarities between scientific research and educational research. It is great to cover different research designs to collect and analyze data and consider ethical considerations in research. A teacher or instructor can use this book to provide support and case studies to his/her students to get deeper insights into research and applications in real classroom settings. The book can support learners and teachers to see the continuity and coherence across the elements of educational research throughout the chapters. Readers can understand how to develop and refine a research proposal by the end of the book.
Mutluluk Ekonomisi: Bibliyometrik Analiz & Uygulama
Authors: Polat Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Ekonomik büyüme ve refah kavramları, uzun yıllar boyunca bireylerin ve toplumların yaşam kalitesini artırma arayışının merkezinde yer almıştır. Ancak, salt ekonomik büyümenin ve maddi refahın insan mutluluğunu tam anlamıyla garanti edemeyeceği gerçeği, yeni bir ekonomik anlayış olan mutluluk ekonomisinin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır.
Mutluluk ekonomisi, iktisat ve psikoloji disiplinlerinin verilerini ve metodolojilerini birleştirerek, bireylerin ve toplumların genel refahını artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu disiplin, geleneksel ekonomik göstergelerin ötesine geçerek, bireylerin öznel iyi oluşlarını ve yaşam memnuniyetlerini ön planda tutmaktadır.
Bu kitabın temel amacı, mutluluk ekonomisinin teorik dayanaklarını, metodolojik yaklaşımlarını ve pratik uygulamalarını kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektir. Bu bağlamda kitabın birinci bölümünde, mutluluk ekonomisinin ortaya çıkışı, bu alanda kullanılan ölçüm yöntemleri ve mutluluk göstergeleri detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, mutluluk ekonomisi üzerine yapılan kapsamlı literatürün bibliyometrik bir analizine yer verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise, mutluluk ekonomisi ile ilgili uygulamalı bir çalışma sunulmuştur.
Mutluluk ekonomisi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların ve elde edilen bulguların, daha sürdürülebilir, adil ve insan merkezli bir ekonomik düzenin inşasına önemli katkılar sağlayacağına olan güçlü inancımla, bu kitabın alanında değerli bir referans kaynağı olarak kabul göreceğini ümit ediyorum.