bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes by serum potassium levels for patients hospitalized for heart failure: Secondary analysis of data from the China National Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Zhou Jingmin , Jin Xuejuan , Zhou Jun , Xu Yamei , Cui Xiaotong , Fu Michael , Hu Kai , Ge Junbo ,   the CN‐HF Investigators
Published: August 2023

Background

Dyskalemia is a mortality risk factor in patients with heart failure (HF).

Hypothesis

We described the prevalence of dyskalemia, and clinical outcomes by serum potassium (sK) levels, in Chinese patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of the prospective China National Heart Failure Registry, adult patients hospitalized between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015 who had at least one baseline sK measurement were followed for up to 3 years after discharge. The use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors at baseline and clinical outcomes during follow‐up were compared among sK groups.

Results

Among 6950 patients, 5529 (79.6%) had normokalemia (sK >3.5–5.0 mmol/L), 1113 (16.0%) had hypokalemia (sK 0–3.5 mmol/L), and 308 (4.4%) had hyperkalemia (sK >5.0 mmol/L). Baseline characteristics that were most common in patients with hyperkalemia than those with hypo‐ and normokalemia included older age, HF with reduced ejection fraction, New York Heart Association Class III/IV status, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) differed across sK groups (p = .0001); reported in 64.1%, 63.4%, and 54.5% of patients with hypo‐, normo‐, and hyperkalemia, respectively. Overall, 26.6%, 28.6%, and 36.0% of patients with hypo‐, normo‐, and hyperkalemia had rehospitalization for worsened HF, or cardiovascular mortality; p = .0057 for between‐group comparison.

Conclusions

Patients with hyperkalemia received ACEIs or ARBs for HF treatment at baseline less frequently than those with hypo‐ or normokalemia, and had worse prognoses. This warrants further investigation into effective hyperkalemia management in HF.
r‐BRICS – A Revised BRICS Module That Breaks Ring Structures and Carbon Chains
Authors: Zhang Leili , Rao Vasumitra , Cornell Wendy
Published: August 2023

Molecular fragmentation has been frequently used for machine learning, molecular modeling, and drug discovery studies. However, the current molecular fragmentation tools often lead to large fragments that are useful to limited tasks. Specifically, long aliphatic chains, certain connected ring structures, fused rings, as well as various nitrogen‐containing molecular entities often remain intact when using BRICS. With no known methods to solve this issue, we find that the fragments taken from BRICS are inflexible for tasks such as fragment‐based machine learning, coarse‐graining, and ligand‐protein interaction assessment. In this work, a revised BRICS (r‐BRICS) module is developed to allow more flexible fragmentation on a wider variety of molecules. It is shown that r‐BRICS generates smaller fragments than BRICS, allowing localized fragment assessments. Furthermore, r‐BRICS generates a fragment database with significantly more unique small fragments than BRICS, which is potentially useful for fragment‐based drug discovery.
Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag+
Authors: Oschwald Johannes , Reger David , Frühwald Stefan , Warmbrunn Vera , Görling Andreas , Jux Norbert , Drewello Thomas
Published: August 2023

Gas‐phase complexes of [n]helicenes with n=6, 7 and 8 and the silver(I) cation are generated utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Besides the well‐established [1 : 1] helicene/Ag+‐complex in which the helicene provides a tweezer‐like surrounding for the Ag+, there is also a [2 : 1] complex formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with energy‐resolved collision‐induced dissociation (ER‐CID) experiments reveal that the second helicene attaches via π‐π stacking to the first helicene, which is part of the pre‐formed [1 : 1] tweezer complex with Ag+. For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of planar structure, the [2 : 1] complex with silver(I) is typically structured as an Ag+‐bound dimer in which the Ag+ would bind to both PAHs as the central metal ion (PAH–Ag+–PAH). For helicenes, the Ag+‐bound dimer is of similar thermochemical stability as the π‐π stacked dimer, however, it is kinetically inaccessible. Coronene (Cor) is investigated in comparison to the helicenes as an essentially planar PAH. In analogy to the π‐π stacked dimer of the helicenes, the Cor−Ag+−Cor−Cor complex is also observed. Competition experiments using [n]helicene mixtures reveal that the tweezer complexes of Ag+ are preferably formed with the larger helicenes, with n=6 being entirely ignored as the host for Ag+ in the presence of n=7 or 8.
Prevalence of malocclusion in Turkish children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Londono Jimmy , Ghasemi Shohreh , Moghaddasi Negar , Baninajarian Homa , Fahimipour Amir , Hashemi Sara , Fathi Amirhossein , Dashti Mahmood
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nationwide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in the Turkish population.

Material and Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was supplemented by manual searches of Google Scholar and the reference lists of included studies. Original Turkish health studies of any age were included. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessed study quality and bias (STROBE). Sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion features were retrieved and gathered.

Results

Eleven studies were selected from 434 titles. Two studies showed a high risk of bias, eight low and one moderate. Thirteen thousand two hundred seventy‐one individuals were investigated from early childhood to late adulthood. Most studies were sampled from universities and dental (nonorthodontic) clinics. The pooled malocclusion prevalence was 56% for Class I (95% confidence interval (CI): 44−68%), 31% for Class II (CI: 6–42%), and 11% for Class III (CI: 21–37%). The other common types of malocclusions were crowding (41%, CI: 18–65%), overjet (34%, CI: 21–50%), negative overjet (13%, CI: 7–20%), and crossbite (11%, CI: 7–15%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in Class I (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, [0.96–1.05]), Class II ([RR] = 0.97, [0.92–1.03]), and Class III ([RR] = 1.08, [0.96–1.225]) malocclusion by gender.

Conclusions

This study showed Class I malocclusion has a high prevalence among the Turkish population followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. In addition, crowding and overjet were the most prevalent malocclusions among Turkish individuals. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of malocclusions between males and females.
Graphdiyne‐Based Multiscale Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Zhao Shuya , Chen Zhaoyang , Liu Huimin , Qi Lu , Zheng Zhiqiang , Luan Xiaoyu , Gao Yaqi , Liu Runyu , Yan Jiayu , Bu Fanle , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang
Published: August 2023

Graphdiyne, a sp/sp2‐cohybridized two‐dimensional all‐ carbon material, has many unique and fascinating properties of alkyne‐rich structures, large π conjugated system, uniform pores, specific unevenly‐distributed surface charge, and incomplete charge transfer properties provide promising potential in practical applications including catalysis, energy conversion and storage, intelligent devices, life science, photoelectric, etc. These superior advantages have made graphdiyne one of the hottest research frontiers of chemistry and materials science and produced a series of original and innovative research results in the fundamental and applied research of carbon materials. In recent years, considerable advances have been made toward the development of graphdiyne‐based multiscale catalysts for nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis at room temperatures and ambient pressures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update in regard to the synthesis of graphdiyne‐based multiscale catalysts and their applications in the synthesis of ammonia. The unique features of graphdiyne are highlighted throughout the review. Finally, it concludes with the discussion of challenges and future perspectives relating to graphdiyne.
A reconstructed LCC‐LCC compensated inductive power transfer system with inherent constant current to constant voltage transition capability
Authors: Ren Sheng , Yang Ping , Wang Xiaoqiang , Xu Jianping
Published: August 2023

Due to the merits of convenience and flexibility, inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have become popular for energy storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries, which require constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs. The conventional LCC‐LCC topology with high design freedom is widely used for battery charging. The conventional LCC‐LCC topology achieves the initial CC output and the subsequent CV output by reconfiguring its topology or hopping its operating frequency, which increases the control complexity. This paper proposes a reconstructed LCC‐LCC compensated IPT system, which can achieve the inherent CC‐to‐CV transition without extra components and control methods. Compared with the conventional LCC‐LCC topology having CC and CV outputs, the operating frequency and topology of the proposed IPT system are fixed. Besides, the battery state of charge (SOC) detection and wireless communication are not required. The analysis and parameters design of the proposed IPT system is performed. Finally, an experimental prototype of the proposed IPT system with 48 V input and 72 V/2 A output is built to validate the proposal.
A novel PFM/PWM hybrid modulated single‐stage FSBB‐LLC AC‐DC converter
Authors: Yi Junhong , Ma Hongbo , Lu Song , Li Xiaobin , Chen Zhe
Published: August 2023

By integrating the four switch buck–boost (FSBB) PFC and full‐bridge LLC resonant converter, a novel single‐stage FSBB‐LLC AC‐DC converter is proposed. Meanwhile, the corresponding PFM/PWM hybrid modulation is put forward. The proposed solution employs a dual‐loop feedback control strategy based on PFM/PWM hybrid modulation to obtain the desired bus voltage and stable output voltage. The bus voltage feedback loop is mainly used to smoothly determine the boost or buck–boost mode of FSBB PFC cell for regulating the bus voltage; the output voltage feedback loop is in charge of stabilizing the output voltage by adjusting the switching frequency or phase shifting angle. Furthermore, an optimal parameter design based on power balance principle is also derived. The experimental results of an 85 ~ 300 V input, 12V/25A output prototype demonstrate that (1) low and narrow bus voltage of 240 ~ 340 V is achieved under the entire input and output condition; (2) the LLC cell operates at DCX mode over the whole load range as the input voltage exceeds 120 V; (3) the output voltage is well regulated even under the no‐load condition; (4) ZVS feature for the shared switches is still maintained; and (5) a peak efficiency of 90.9% and PF values above 0.987 are achieved.
Stability of PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1 in authentic whole blood samples (at room temperature)
Authors: Aboutara Nadine , Jungen Hilke , Szewczyk Anne , Müller Alexander , Iwersen‐Bergmann Stefanie
Published: August 2023

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct alcohol biomarker to monitor individuals' drinking behavior that has gained recognition in clinical and forensic settings. The increasing application of the marker makes investigation of the preanalytical handling necessary, and analyte stability deserves major attention. This study was conducted to investigate the change of six PEth homologues' concentration, stored in authentic samples of EDTA blood over a course of 30 days at room temperature (n = 62). The stability criterion of concentration being ±15% of the original concentration was fulfilled at mean for 10, 3, 2, 5, 2, and 7 days for PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1, respectively. Regarding all homologues, there were samples in which concentration had declined by >15% or by more than the critical difference on day 1. Overall, calculated concentration declines were very inhomogeneous, with inter‐sample differences of 43%–73% after 30 days. PEth 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, and 18:0/18:2 declined to a greater extent than PEth 16:0/18:1. Blood alcohol concentration was measured >0.1‰ in 25 samples. Three of the six samples that exceeded 115% of initial concentrations were positive for blood alcohol. The study results add to the previously reported information on PEth stability and firstly look at six homologues in comparison.

Due to the high scatter of stability among the samples and the observed poor stabilities in some, it can be concluded that transportation and storage times, especially if cooling cannot be provided, must be kept short. If analyzing from dried blood, spotting should preferably be conducted at the site of sampling.
Testing visual self‐misperception in anorexia nervosa using a symmetrical body size estimation paradigm
Authors: Gadsby Stephen , Zopf Regine , Brooks Kevin R. , Schumann Andy , de la Cruz Feliberto , Rieger Katrin , Murr Julia , Wutzler Uwe , Bär Karl‐Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Objective

Individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) often report seeing themselves as overweight. While body size estimation tasks suggest that such individuals overestimate their body size, these tasks have failed to establish whether this misestimation stems from visual misperception. Misestimation might, instead, be due to response bias. We designed a paradigm to distinguish between visual and response bias contributions to body size misestimation: the symmetrical body size estimation (s‐BSE) paradigm.

Method

The s‐BSE paradigm involves two tasks. In the conventional task, participants estimate the width of their photographed body by adjusting the size of a rectangle to match. In the transposed task, participants adjust the size of a photograph of their body to match the rectangle. If overestimation stems exclusively from visual misperception, then errors in each task would be equal and opposite. Using this paradigm, we compared the performance of women diagnosed with AN (n = 14) against women without any eating disorder (n = 40).

Results

In the conventional task, we replicated previous findings indicating that both women with AN and women without any eating disorder overestimate their body size. In the transposed task, neither group adjusted the bodies to be narrower than the rectangle. Participants with AN set their photographs to be significantly wider.

Discussion

While we replicated previous findings of body size overestimation amongst women with AN and those without any eating disorder, our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that such overestimation stems exclusively from visual misperception and instead suggest a substantial response bias effect.

Public Significance

Women with anorexia nervosa overestimate their own body size. Research has not yet determined whether this overestimation stems from them seeing themselves as larger or other, non‐visual factors. We employ a new method for distinguishing these possibilities and find that non‐visual factors influence size estimates for women with and without anorexia nervosa. This method can help future research control for non‐perceptual influences on participant responses.
Virtual parent‐led peer support groups for parents of children with eating disorders: A mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: Nicula Maria , Grennan Laura , Loewen Techiya , Crews Erica , Giuliani Kelly , Webb Cheryl , Gouveia Maria‐Rosa , Couturier Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Objective

To examine the feasibility of a virtual parent‐led peer support group (vPLPSG) intervention for parents of children with eating disorders (EDs).

Methods

Forty‐four parents were invited to attend 2‐h‐long vPLPSG sessions every other week for 6 months. A convergent mixed methods design was used to integrate quantitative survey data (collected at three timepoints and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA) and qualitative interview data (collected at 6 months and analyzed using content analysis) to assess intervention feasibility. Feasibility was comprised of acceptability (e.g., recruitment and retention rates, desire to continue attending the groups) and preliminary effectiveness (e.g., change in parents’ self‐reported burden).

Results

The recruitment rate (67%), retention rate (77%), and attendance rate (60%) demonstrated adequate acceptability. All parents expressed their recommendation of this group to other parents, and most wanted to continue attending vPLPSG sessions. Participants qualitatively reported less isolation and burden as well as improvements in skills and confidence to manage their child's symptoms. These preliminary effectiveness findings were corroborated by quantitative data, with participants reporting a significant decrease in burden [mean difference (MD) = 6.61; p < .004], increase in confidence (MD = 11.17; p < .001), and decrease in unmet needs (MD = 5.03; p < .001) from baseline to 6‐months.

Discussion

The vPLPSG intervention demonstrated feasibility with respect to acceptability and improvements in preliminary parental outcomes. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention using a larger, more diverse sample.

Public Significance

Dedicated efforts to support caregivers, such as through virtual parent‐led peer support groups, have the potential to increase confidence and decrease burden for parents managing their child's eating disorder.
Adducts of Bicyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene with ECl3 and Three Electron Reduction Thereof: Syntheses of BICAAC Stabilized E−E Bonded Compounds (E=P, Sb)
Authors: Adhikari Manu , Thakur Sandeep Kumar , Singh Sanjay
Published: August 2023

The stoichiometric reaction of bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) with group 15 chlorides, ECl3 (E=P, Sb) to form the Lewis adducts BICAAC:ECl3 (E=P (1), Sb (2)) has been investigated in the present work. The BICAAC smoothly reacts with PPhCl2 to form [BICAAC:PPhCl2] which on in‐situ two electron reduction with 2 equivalents of KC8 afforded the phosphinidene complex, BICAAC=P‐Ph (3). Complete dechlorination of the BICAAC‐ECl3 adducts 1 and 2 with 3 equivalents of KC8 leads to three‐electron reduction to afford low‐valent trans bent bis(BICAAC)E2 complexes (E=P (4) and Sb (5)). These complexes are the first examples of BICAAC adducts with pnictogens and all the complexes have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and their solid‐state structure have been elucidated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
NHC‐Adducts of Cyclopentadienyl‐Substituted Alanes
Authors: Werner Luis , Mann Sophie , Radius Udo
Published: August 2023

The mono‐ and bis‐iodo‐substituted NHC‐stabilized alanes (NHC) ⋅ AlH2I and (NHC) ⋅ AlHI2 offer a convenient entry for further substitution reactions at aluminum. Reactions of (NHC) ⋅ AlH2I 1–4 with one equivalent of NaCp afforded the adducts (NHC) ⋅ AlH2Cp 9–12 (NHC=Me2ImMe (9), iPr2ImMe (10), iPr2Im (11), Dipp2Im (12)). Alane adducts with two Cp substituents (NHC) ⋅ AlHCp2 13–16 (NHC=Me2ImMe (13), iPr2ImMe (14), iPr2Im (15), Dipp2Im (16)) were prepared by the analogous reaction of (NHC) ⋅ AlHI2 5–8 using two equivalents of NaCp. The unusual dimeric adducts ((NHC) ⋅ AlH2Cp ⋅ CpMgI)2 17–19 (NHC=Me2ImMe (17), iPr2ImMe (18), iPr2Im (19)) were obtained from the reaction of 1–3 with MgCp2.
Liposomal doxorubicin and free doxorubicin in vivo quantitation method developed on CE‐LIF and its application in pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Tie Cai , Jiang Xiaojuan , Zhu Chunyan , Wu Caisheng
Published: August 2023

As a novel drug delivery system, liposomes were used to improve pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) characters, minimize toxicity, and enhance drug–target selectivity. However, heterogeneity of drug releasing process and liposome itself challenged traditional pharmaceutical analytical techniques, especially in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. In this study, a novel liposomal doxorubicin (L‐DOX) pharmacokinetic analysis strategy was developed with capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser‐induced fluorescence (CE‐LIF) detector. The background electrolyte (BGE) system was composed of borate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which was optimized to successfully achieve simultaneous online separation and quantitative analysis of free DOX and liposome‐encapsulated DOX. The method was applied to the in vivo pharmacokinetic study of L‐DOX in rats. The results showed that the concentration of total DOX (T‐DOX) was gradually decreasing, while the concentration of L‐DOX was relatively stable, with a concentration of 31.6 ± 4.8 µg/mL within 24 h. It was the first time to achieve liposomal drugs in vivo analysis with CE‐LIF. CE‐LIF was proved as potential rapidly real‐time analytical methods for liposomal drugs in vivo occurrence monitoring.
A self‐adhesive bark veneer for all‐natural plywood
Authors: Wu Zhongxuan , Zhan Yan , He Shuaiming , Yue Panpan , Song Guanghui , Rao Jun , Lv Ziwen , Jiang Bo , Lü Baozhong , Chen Gegu , Peng Feng
Published: August 2023

The commercial plywood is mainly made of high‐value wood veneer and formaldehyde‐based adhesives, which pose a major risk to human health and environmental protection. Here, we report an all‐natural plywood made of self‐adhesive bark veneer directly from hardy rubber trees (HRT) via delignification, epoxidation reaction and densification. The resulting bark veneer is demonstrated with sandwich structures featuring natural integration between cellulose and biopolymer Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG). The intrinsic EUG act as a potential strong “self‐adhesive” and water‐proofing agent, leading to bark veneer with high hardness, excellent hydrophobicity, wear resistance, and low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, we can produce the self‐adhesive plywood on a large scale directly from HRT bark using this approach without any adhesives, endowing it with environmental friendliness, safety in use, and health benefits of human beings. Combining its efficient and low‐cost production, the bark veneer shows great promise in fabricating high‐performance and environmentally sustainable plywood.

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Stress biomarkers in adult patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet: A prospective study
Authors: Molteberg Ellen , Thorsby Per M , Kverneland Magnhild , Iversen Per Ole , Selmer Kaja K , Hofoss Dag , Nakken Karl O , Taubøll Erik
Published: August 2023

Objective

Ketogenic diets like the modified Atkins diet (MAD) are increasingly used in patients with refractory epilepsy. For epilepsy patients, stress is a well‐known seizure‐precipitating factor. New possibilities for measuring biomarkers of stress are now available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of MAD on endocrine stress biomarkers.

Methods

Forty‐nine patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy were investigated at baseline and after 12 weeks on MAD. Cortisol and cortisol‐binding globulin (CBG) were measured and free cortisol index (FCI) calculated. We also measured metanephrine, normetanephrine, and methoxytyramine, all markers of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, respectively. Changes were analyzed according to sex and antiseizure medications. The different markers at baseline and after 12 weeks of MAD treatment were correlated with seizure frequency and weight loss, respectively.

Results

The change in total cortisol was modest after 12 weeks on the diet (from 432.9 nmol/L (403.1–462.7)) to 422.6 nmol/L (384.6–461.0), P = 0.6). FCI was reduced (from 0.39 (0.36–0.42) to 0.34 (0.31–0.36), P = 0.001). CBG increased during the study (from 1126.4 nmol/L (1074.5–1178.3) to 1272.5 nmol/L (1206.3–1338.7), P < 0.001). There were no changes in the metanephrines after 12 weeks on the diet. The decrease in FCI was significant only in women, and only observed in patients using nonenzyme‐inducing ASMs. We did not find any correlation between cortisol, CBG, or FCI levels and seizure frequency.

Significance

After being on MAD for 12 weeks, FCI decreased significantly. The reduction in FCI may reflect reduced stress, but it may also be an effect of increased CBG. The reasons behind these alterations are unknown. Possibly, the changes may be a result of a reduction in insulin resistance and thyroid hormone levels. Treatment with MAD does not seem to influence “fight or flight” hormones.
Accounting for hysteretic characteristics in P‐delta analysis of structures
Authors: De Francesco Giovanni , Sullivan Timothy J.
Published: August 2023

Studies in the literature have shown that P‐delta () effects are highly influenced by the hysteretic characteristics of a structural system. However, international buildings and bridge codes prescribe ‐induced amplification factors, limits for negligible effects and limits for dynamic instability that neglect this influence. As a result, different margins of safety against actions are currently specified for different structural systems, with steel structures, for example, presenting reduced margins of safety with respect to concrete structures. Adopting a sub‐set of the PEER earthquake record database composed of 1964 earthquake records, this paper presents a statistical analysis of displacement amplification ratios for systems with different hysteretic models, fundamental periods and ductility levels. In terms of both elastic and inelastic stability coefficients, limit values of the stability coefficient for negligible effects and dynamic instability are proposed for the most common structural typologies, such as steel, well and poorly detailed reinforced concrete, and self‐centering structures. Analytical estimates of the median, 84th and 98th percentile values of the displacement amplification that take into account the combined effect of stability coefficient, ductility level and hysteretic properties are proposed.
Intelligent multimedia content delivery in 5G/6G networks: A reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Jamshaid , Farhan Muhammad , Ullah Farhan , Srivastava Gautam , Jabbar Sohail
Published: August 2023

Multimedia content in 5G/6G networks makes safe, confidential, and efficient content delivery difficult. Intelligent systems that adapt to the ever‐changing network environment are needed to distribute multimedia content in these networks. Reinforcement learning (RL) can optimize multimedia content distribution based on network congestion, capacity, and user preferences. This study proposes RL‐based intelligent multimedia content distribution. RL algorithms learn from the network environment and generate optimum judgments incorporating several aspects of the suggested framework. The framework delivers multimedia material securely and privately with great quality. This study provides an intelligent multimedia content delivery architecture that uses RL approaches to solve 5G/6G content delivery problems. This research presents an RL system optimized with the double DQN algorithm having a reward of 51604.93 in 7000 episodes for efficient video file sharing on intracity buses. The RL agent balances network congestion and bandwidth by leveraging multiple sources such as bus and intersection caches and base stations, improving secure multimedia content delivery in 5G/6G networks and enhancing the passenger experience. The study confirms the system's effectiveness using reward and loss metrics and identifies potential future research directions. Future work could explore additional RL algorithms, scalability for larger networks, complex delivery scenarios, and integration with blockchain and edge computing for improved security and efficiency in multimedia content delivery.
The current landscape and future direction of curriculum reform in China
Authors: Luo Shengquan
Published: August 2023

This article outlines the nine curriculum reforms at different stages since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Compared with the previous ones, the ninth curriculum reform emphasizes the operability of Compulsory Education Curriculum Program and Standards (2022 edition), pays attention to the interpretation of Curriculum Standards 2022 and teacher training, focuses on providing rich curriculum resources, and encourages curriculum innovation in regional and school‐based levels. In terms of practical results, the ninth curriculum reform is significant in enhancing five‐dimension integrative education and constructing the high‐quality curriculum system; implementing the “Double Reduction” policy to foster all‐rounded and harmonious development of individuals; and improving educational evaluation to promote educational ecosystem reform. Looking ahead, the Chinese government aims to enrich the content of curriculum to foster the students' moral character by establishing their global vision and comprehensive thinking. The future efforts will focus on optimizing the curriculum implementation, advancing localized implementation, and transformative approaches to nurturing students. Innovative models of curriculum reform will be further explored. Attention will be given to teacher practices, fostering increased enthusiasm and competence among teachers to actively participate in and contribute to the ongoing reform process.
Loess microstructure indication indexes for the study of palaeoclimatic conditions in northwest China
Authors: Jin Deng
Published: August 2023

The Loess Plateau of China, located to the west of the Liupan Mountains and north of the Qinling Mountains stretching across the Yellow River, is the main loess deposit area in Northwest China. The loess in the northwest of China has deposits with large thickness and extensive distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis of loess have been performed to study the relationship between the loess microstructures and the forming climates Era. The relevant indexes were evaluated including the sand‐dropping speed (Vn), certain sedimentary depths (hn sand particle volume (Vd) and element ratios of Ca/Fe, K/Al, Si/Al and Ca/Mg. The microstructure indexes of loess accumulation and evolution reflect paleoclimate conditions and time scales to a certain extent. The important discovery is the microscopic sand‐dropping speed (Vn) and the sedimentary depth hn) calculation method of different sedimentary ages. These indices are compared with the record of major aeolian‐forming climates from the Guliya ice core, and provide a reliable benchmark for studying climate change It also can be used as important indicators of monsoonal change and environmental evolution reconstruction. The index of sand sedimentation speed (Vn) got from loess microstructure could reflect sand‐dropping speed and loess deposition course. According the article can serve as new indicators of climatic changes of different forming loess layers. It can also be concluded that the climatic indexes obtained from loess microstructure can reflect climate conditions of loess forming. The loess forming climatic parameters are synchronous correspond to Tengger Desert and Guliya ice core for studying climate change, then microscopic parameters can also be used for preliminary analysis of loess climate formation and has be found corresponding evidence, and the loess climatic parameters correspond to the other two indexes. The analysis of loess microstructure indexes is very useful in researching climate change. Loess microstructure indexes can find new indicators and information about the monsoon climate evolution and paleoclimate changes.
Circulating white blood cell traits and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Constantinescu Andrei‐Emil , Bull Caroline J. , Jones Nicholas , Mitchell Ruth , Burrows Kimberley , Dimou Niki , Bézieau Stéphane , Brenner Hermann , Buchanan Daniel D. , D'Amato Mauro , Jenkins Mark A. , Moreno Victor , Pai Rish K. , Um Caroline Y. , White Emily , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc , Timpson Nicholas J. , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Vincent Emma E.
Published: August 2023

Observational studies have suggested a protective role for eosinophils in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and implicated neutrophils, but the causal relationships remain unclear. Here, we aimed to estimate the causal effect of circulating white blood cell (WBC) counts (N = ~550 000) for basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils on CRC risk (N = 52 775 cases and 45 940 controls) using Mendelian randomisation (MR). For comparison, we also examined this relationship using individual‐level data from UK Biobank (4043 incident CRC cases and 332 773 controls) in a longitudinal cohort analysis. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis suggested a protective effect of increased basophil count and eosinophil count on CRC risk [OR per 1‐SD increase: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78‐0.99, P = .04; OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.98, P = .01]. The protective effect of eosinophils remained [OR per 1‐SD increase: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80‐0.97, P = .01] following adjustments for all other WBC subtypes, to account for genetic correlation between the traits, using multivariable MR. A protective effect of increased lymphocyte count on CRC risk was also found [OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76‐0.93, P = 6.70e‐4] following adjustment. Consistent with MR results, a protective effect for eosinophils in the cohort analysis in the fully adjusted model [RR per 1‐SD increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93‐0.99, P = .02] and following adjustment for the other WBC subtypes [RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93‐0.99, P = .001] was observed. Our study implicates peripheral blood immune cells, in particular eosinophils and lymphocytes, in CRC development, highlighting a need for mechanistic studies to interrogate these relationships.
A case of urinary bladder metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following use of immunotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Miyajima Keiichiro , Urabe Fumihiko , Shunsuke Tsuzuki , Shun Sato , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Asano Koji , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Matsumoto Michinori , Ikegami Toru , Kimura Takahiro
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Here we present a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to the urinary bladder in a patient with metastatic HCC.

Case presentation

An 83‐year‐old man developed gross hematuria during combined treatment with an anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 inhibitor and an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for metastatic HCC. A contrast‐enhanced CT revealed a 15 × 15 mm soft tissue mass protruding from the posterior bladder wall. Cystoscopy further revealed a solitary submucosal mass located on the posterior wall. The patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of bladder metastasis from HCC. Following a 3‐week interval after the surgical intervention, salvage therapy was resumed.

Conclusion

During follow‐up after TUR‐BT in HCC patients who present with a bladder tumor, the possibility of HCC metastases to the urinary bladder should be excluded.
Zinc citrate‐coated whey protein nanoparticles alleviate kidney damage and the disturbances in inflammatory gene expression in rats
Authors: El‐Nekeety Aziza A. , Hassan Mona A. , Abdel‐Aziem Sekena H. , Hassan Nabila S. , Abdel‐Wahhab Mosaad A.
Published: August 2023

This work was conducted to synthesize whey protein nanoparticles (WPNPs) for the coating of zinc citrate (Zn CITR) at three levels and to study their protective role against CCl4‐induced kidney damage and inflammatory gene expression disorder in rats. Seventy male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and treated orally for 4 weeks as follows; the control group, the group treated twice a week with CCl4(5 mL/kg b.w), the groups received CCl4plus WPNPs (300 mg/kg b.w); the group received 50 mg/kg b.w of Zn CITR or the three formulas of Zn CITR‐WPNPs at low, medium and high doses (LD, MD, and HD). Blood and kidney samples were collected for different assays and histological analyses. The fabricated particles were semispherical, with an average size of 160 ± 2.7, 180 ± 3.1, and 200 ± 2.6 nm andζpotential of −126, −93, and −84 mV for ZN CITR‐WPNPs (LD), Zn CITR‐WPNPs (MD), and ZN CITR‐WPNPs (HD), respectively. CCl4significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) kidney function indices, oxidative stress markers, messenger RNA expression of transforming growth factor‐β1, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor‐α and significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase along with the histological changes in the kidney tissues. WPNPs, Zn CITR, and Zn CITR loaded WPNPS showed a protective effect against these complications and Zn CITR‐WPNPs (LD) was more effective. WPNPs can be used effectively for coating Zn CITR at a level of 7 mg/g WPNPs to be used as a supplement for the protection of the kidney against different toxicants to enhance immunity and avoid harm of excess Zn.
Baseline inflammation indexes and neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratio for prediction of the first mobilization failure without plerixafor‐based regimens in multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Dirim Ahmet Burak , Tiryaki Tarik Onur , Altin Soner , Besisik Sevgi Kalayoglu , Hindilerden Ipek Yonal , Nalcaci Meliha
Published: August 2023

Background

Many factors were identified for mobilization failure (MF) in autologous hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of baseline inflammation indexes and neutrophil‐to‐lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio to predict MF in multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma.

Methods

A total of 240 patients with lymphoma or MM hospitalized between January 2014 and June 2022 for the first stem cell mobilization were included in this retrospective single‐center study. We evaluated the impact of baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data (before granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and chemotherapy implementation), including neutrophil, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil‐to‐C‐reactive protein, and neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratios on MF.

Results

A total of 240 patients were divided into successful (214 patients, 89.16%) and poor mobilizers (26 patients, 10.84%). Poor mobilizers had lower neutrophil, NLR, SII, and neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratios (P values were .001, .022, .001, and .001, respectively). Among these markers, only the neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratio was statistically low in both poor mobilizer MM and lymphoma patients. Receiving operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate neutrophil, SII, and neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratios for MF. Neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratio had the highest specificity (93.93%, for ≤9.904 cut‐off) compared to the other two variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratio ≤ 9.904 (cut‐off) (odds ratio: 7.116, P = .001), neutrophil counts ≤3300/mm3 (cut‐off) (odds ratio: 3.248, P = .021), and lymphoma diagnosis (odds ratio: 2.674, P = .039) were independent risks for MF.

Conclusion

The neutrophil‐to‐LDH ratio could be a novel marker in lymphoma and MM patients to predict the first MF. New studies should be conducted for the optimization of this index.
Utilizing ultrasonic vibrations to mitigate membrane fouling in domestic wastewater membrane bioreactors: a mini review
Authors: Frontistis Zacharias , Sarmpanis Anastasios , Lykogiannis Grigoris
Published: August 2023

Despite their compact design and superior effluent quality, resulting from the smart integration of separation processes with biodegradation, the widespread adoption of membrane bioreactors is limited due to the persistent issue of membrane fouling. This mini review encapsulates research on using ultrasound‐induced vibration to mitigate membrane fouling in domestic wastewater systems. It discusses the dual physical and chemical mechanisms behind the use of ultrasound and highlights its limitations. Moreover, it proposes several future research directions, including further examination of operating conditions such as ultrasound power and frequency, combining ultrasound with other cleaning strategies scaling up the process, and the need for long‐term experiments, where additional emphasis must be given (i) to the influence of ultrasound irradiation on membrane integrity and efficiency and (ii) estimating the cost of sonochemical integration and operation Finally, it underscores the need for a holistic assessment that considers energy and environmental issues and discusses a proposed roadmap toward implementing ultrasound technology in membrane bioreactor systems. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
X‐linked neuronal migration disorders: Gender differences and insights for genetic screening
Authors: Edey Juliet , Soleimani‐Nouri Payam , Dawson‐Kavanagh Amelia , Imran Azeem Muhamad Saad , Episkopou Vasso
Published: August 2023

Cortical development depends on neuronal migration of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are conditions characterised by anatomical cortical defects leading to varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment, developmental delay and seizures. Refractory epilepsy affects 15 million people worldwide, and it is thought that cortical developmental disorders are responsible for 25% of childhood cases. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders, nor are their aetiologies fully understood, though many are associated with sporadic genetic mutations.

In this review, we aim to highlight X‐linked NMDs including lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria because of their mostly familial inheritance pattern. We focus on the most prominent genes responsible: including DCX, ARX, FLNA, FMR1, L1CAM, SRPX2, DDX3X, NSHDL, CUL4B and OFD1, outlining what is known about their prevalence among NMDs, and the underlying pathophysiology. X‐linked disorders are important to recognise clinically, as females often have milder phenotypes. Consequently, there is a greater chance they survive to reproductive age and risk passing the mutations down. Effective genetic screening is important to prevent and treat these conditions, and for this, we need to know gene mutations and have a clear understanding of the function of the genes involved. This review summarises the knowledge base and provides clear direction for future work by both scientists and clinicians alike.
Effect of caffeine on hippocampal memory and levels of gene expression in social isolation stress
Authors: Musuroglu Keloglan Seval , Sahin Leyla , Kocahan Sayad , Annac Ebru , Tirasci Nurhan , Pekmezekmek Ayper Boga
Published: August 2023

Background

Caffeine (Cf) antagonizes the adenosine receptors and has neuroprotective properties. The effect of Cf has been seen on stress‐induced deficits of cognitive. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Cf on learning and memory functions induced by social isolation (SI) stress.

Materials and methods

In the present study, 21‐day‐old Wistar albino male rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups: the control (C), the SI, the Cf, and the social isolation + caffeine (SICf). Cf (0.3 g/L) was added to the drinking water of the experimental animals for 4 weeks. The learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT). Following, was performed histopathological evaluation and determined hippocampal gene expression levels by RT‐qPCR.

Results

According to MWMT findings, the time spent in the quadrant where the platform removed was decreased in the SI group compared with the C (p < 0.05). Histological evaluation showed morphological changes in SI by irregular appearance, cellular edema, and dark pycnotic appearance of nuclei in some neurons. However, it was observed that the histological structure of most of the neurons in the SICf group was similar to the C and Cf groups. Hippocampal SNAP25 expression was decreased in the Cf and SICf groups than in the C group (p < 0.05). The GFAP expression was increased in the SICf group than in the C group (p < 0.05). NR2A increased in the SI and SICf groups compared with C and Cf groups (p < 0.05). NR2B expression decreased in the Cf group compared with C and SI groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

SI impaired spatial memory and causes morphological changes in adolescent rats, but this effect of isolation was not seen in Cf‐treated animals. The effects of SI on NR2A, Cf on NR2B, and SNAP25 are remarkable. Here, we propose that the impaired effect of SI on spatial memory may be mediated by NR2A, but further studies are needed to explain this effect.
Group meditation, addressing stigma, and “mental health days”: Recommendations for integrating self‐awareness practices into genetic counseling graduate programs
Authors: Bulmer Laura , Stanley Christy , Knauth Lauren Loffredo , Doyle Lauren E. , Mills Rachel
Published: August 2023

Genetic counseling graduate programs provide a rigorous curriculum comprised of coursework encompassing counseling and medical genetics, fieldwork, and research experience. Students face similar emotional and mental demands as practicing genetic counselors while also experiencing stressors commonly associated with graduate study. Increased self‐awareness may help combat these stressors. This mixed‐methods study surveyed 154 genetic counseling graduate students to determine the types of self‐awareness practices they would like to have included in their graduate training and surveyed 11 program faculty regarding the feasibility of implementing these practices. The students' most preferred practices were self‐reflection (n = 73, 47.4%), support from peers, colleagues, and/or supervisors (n = 71, 46.1%), and mental health counseling (n = 71, 46.1%). Analysis of responses to open‐ended questions capturing students' recommendations for programs yielded six recurrent themes: (1) Consistent, Structured Practice with Accountability, (2) Emphasis on Mental Health, (3) Practical Techniques, (4) Access to Resources, (5) Encouragement and Support, and (6) Barriers to Implementation. Many students suggested that programs should incorporate repetitive exercises that could be implemented on a schedule with an emphasis on consistency (Theme 1). Students also emphasized the importance of providing exposure to multiple examples of self‐awareness practices, so they could find an approach that was most beneficial on an individual basis (Theme 3). These findings were shared with program faculty via a presentation at the Association for Genetic Counseling Program Directors annual meeting, and attendees were subsequently surveyed regarding self‐awareness practices currently integrated into their curriculum, as well as the feasibility and likelihood of integrating new practices. Program faculty respondents indicated that most of the recommended practices were included in their curriculum already or would be feasible and likely to incorporate. These results provide insight into the attitudes of genetic counseling students toward structured practice in self‐awareness and how genetic counseling graduate programs might integrate such practices into the curriculum.