bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual osteochondral fracture of the second metatarsal head in a paediatric patient treated with bioabsorbable pin
Authors: Umer Hafiz Muhammad , Iqbal Hafiz Javaid , Thonse Raghuram
Published: February 2021

Osteochondral second metatarsal head fractures are rare. Various management options have been described in the published literature. We used bioabsorbable pin (Activa Pin) system for our case of second metatarsal head fracture. This method not only achieves good compressive fixation, it also eliminates the risk of implant-related issues such as implant irritation. To our knowledge, no such paediatric case managed with this technique has been published in the literature.
Spontaneous fistulisation of the common bile duct after transection by gunshot
Authors: Howard Jessica , Di Sano Suzanne , Burnett David
Published: February 2021

A 35-year-old man presented with a gunshot wound to his abdomen via his lower chest. Initial laparotomy did not identify any perforation or contamination. On day 3, a laparotomy under the hepatobiliary service discovered a gastric perforation, two lateral duodenal perforations and a complete transection of the common bile duct, presumably delayed perforation from the shockwave injury produced by the bullet. Contamination and haemodynamic instability precluded immediate reconstruction, and abdominal drains and external biliary drainage were established. High-volume duodenal fistula was managed with slow withdrawal of drains, and inadvertent dislodgement of the biliary drain in an outpatient setting resulted in spontaneous fistulisation of the bile duct to the lateral duodenal wall, with creation of a neo-bile duct. The patient remains well more than 1 year later, without external drainage despite no surgical reconstruction.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in an adolescent male with history of chronic bullous disease
Authors: Tan-Lim Carol Stephanie C , Murillo Juan Miguel L , Recto Marysia Stella T , Castor Mary Anne R
Published: February 2021

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although commonly associated with allergic diseases, it is also rarely associated with autoimmune disorders. This case report describes a 17-year-old Filipino male with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, manifesting as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. He had no allergic diseases, but he was previously diagnosed with chronic bullous disease. His symptoms improved with the initiation of corticosteroids. To date, this is the first case report of a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and chronic bullous disease.
Distal femoral osteotomy for genu valgum deformity caused by malunited Hoffa fracture
Authors: Oda Taiga , Maeyama Akira , Ishimatsu Tetsuro , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: February 2021

Hoffa fractures are unstable intra-articular fractures of the femoral condyle that occur in the coronal plane.

Insufficient anatomical reduction and internal fixation may lead to non-union or malunion. A 39-year-old man was involved in a traffic accident while riding a motorcycle and was diagnosed with left Hoffa fracture and avulsion fracture of the femoral attachment of the medial collateral ligament. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed 5 days after injury. The patient experienced intermittent knee pain, joint contracture and deformity, and attended our hospital for further treatment 18 months after surgery. CT revealed depression and malunion of the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, and weight-bearing X-ray showed valgus deformity due to malunion. Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) was performed and good functional and radiographic results were obtained. This report suggests that DFO is a reasonable treatment for young patients suffering from malalignment due to malunited Hoffa fracture.
‘Wandering spleen with acute torsion’ : a rare indication for splenectomy in an adult, complicated by postoperative splanchnic venous thrombosis and intestinal gangrene
Authors: Midha Geet , Surendran Suraj , Yacob Myla , Samarasam Inian
Published: February 2021

Wandering spleen (WS) is a hypermobile spleen that, due to the laxity of its ligaments, is prone to torsion. We report a case of a 45-year-old multiparous woman who presented with acute abdominal pain and a tender palpable mass. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a WS with torsion. She underwent an emergency splenectomy and was discharged after an uneventful recovery. She was readmitted with splanchnic venous thrombosis and was managed with therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and discharged. Twenty days later, she presented with new-onset abdominal pain. She had not complied with LMWH as advised. The thrombosis had progressed, leading to small bowel gangrene, requiring resection and a stoma. Due to frequent metabolic disturbances, an early reversal of stoma was performed. She was lost to follow-up thereafter. This case highlights a rare indication for emergency splenectomy and one of its major postoperative complications.
Streptococcus salivariusendogenous endophthalmitis
Authors: Mehanna Carl-Joe , Kallassi Lea , Mansour Ahmad M , Hamam Rola N
Published: February 2021

We describe a case of endogenous endophthalmitis in an elderly man caused byStreptococcus salivarius. An 88-year-old male patient with diabetes with iron deficiency anaemia and history of transcatheter aortic valve implantation presented with an insidious clinical picture of atraumatic endophthalmitis. No internal or external source could be identified. Diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy revealed papillomacular abscess and vitreous fluids grewS. salivarius. Despite lack of an identifiable source of infection, a high index of suspicion for atypical presentations is required in patients with multiple comorbidities that could weaken their immune system towards opportunistic infections. Early detection, microbiological evaluation and prompt treatment are critical to avoid disastrous outcomes. WhileS. salivariushas been implicated in cases of exogenous endophthalmitis, this is the first reported case of endogenous endophthalmitis due toS. salivarius.
Relaxin peptides reduce cellular damage in cultured brain slices exposed to transient oxygen–glucose deprivation: an effect mediated by nitric oxide
Authors: DeAdder Nicholas P. , Gillam Hannah J. , Wilson Brian C.
Published: February 2021

The effect of treatment with human relaxins on cell death was studied in oxygen- and glucose-deprived brain slices. In addition, involvement of nitric oxide and the relaxin receptor, RXFP3, was studied. Brain slices ( n = 12–18/group) were cultured under standard conditions for two weeks and then exposed to: ( i) an oxygenated balanced salt solution, ( ii) a deoxygenated, glucose-free balanced salt solution (OGD media), or ( iii) OGD media containing 10−7mol/L H2 relaxin, 10−7mol/L H2 relaxin with 50 μmol/L L-NIL, 10−7mol/L H3 relaxin, or 10−7mol/L H3 relaxin with 50 μmol/L L-NIL. Cell death was assessed using propidium iodide fluorescence. In a separate experiment, 10−5mol/L R3 B1-22R (an antagonist of RXFP3) was added to both H2 and H3 relaxin treatments. H2 and H3 relaxin treatment reduced cell damage or death in OGD slices and L-NIL partially attenuated the effect of H3 relaxin. Antagonism of RXFP3 blocked the effect of H3 but not H2 relaxin. These data increase our understanding of the role of relaxin ligands and their receptors in protecting tissues throughout the body from ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Environmental DNA bioassays corroborate field data for detection of overwintering species at risk Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii)
Authors: Tarof Scott A. , Crookes Steven , Moxley Kelsey , Hathaway Jeff , Cameron Graham , Hanner Robert H.
Published: February 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is gaining traction in conservation ecology as a powerful tool for detecting species at risk. We developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a DNA amplicon fragment of the mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide locus of the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) for detecting overwintering individuals. Seventy-eight water samples were collected from 17 wetland sites in Ontario, Canada. We used traditional field data to identify a priori positive and negative control sites. Fifty percent of positive control sites amplified. Detection was related to the number of individuals estimated from field observations in at least one region surveyed. Positive control sites had lower total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity in relation to negative control sites. Shedding rates were within the same order of magnitude for brumating and active turtles. We recommend collecting additional samples at a larger number of locations to maximize detection. Recommended sampling design changes may overshadow the additional effects of water chemistry and low eDNA shedding rates. eDNA offers tremendous potential to practitioners conducting species at risk assessments in environmental consulting by providing a faster, more efficient method of detection compared with traditional surveys.
Transcriptome profiling of differentially expressed genes of male and female inflorescences in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Haoying , Xu Zhaosheng , Zhang Helong , Li Guoliang , Wang Xiaowu , Qian Wei
Published: February 2021

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is commonly considered a dioecious plant with heterogametic (XY) and homogametic (XX) sex chromosomes. The characteristic is also utilized for the production of spinach hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in spinach are still unclear because of a lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in male and female inflorescences to provide insight into the molecular basis of sex determination in spinach. Comparative transcriptome analyses showed that 2278 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between male and female inflorescences. A high correlation between the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR validation for DEGs was observed. Among these, 182 DEGs were annotated to transcription factors including the MYB family protein, bHLH family, and MADS family, suggesting these factors might play a vital role in sex determination. Moreover, 26 DEGs related to flower development, including nine ABCE class genes, were detected. Expression analyses of hormone pathways showed that brassinosteroids may be key hormones related to sex determination in spinach. Overall, this study provides a large amount of DEGs related to sexual expression and lays a foundation for unraveling the regulatory mechanism of sex determination in spinach.
Background independent exact renormalisation
Authors: Falls Kevin
Published: February 2021

A geometric formulation of Wilson’s exact renormalisation group is presented based on a gauge invariant ultraviolet regularisation scheme without the introduction of a background field. This allows for a manifestly background independent approach to quantum gravity and gauge theories in the continuum. The regularisation is a geometric variant of Slavnov’s scheme consisting of a modified action, which suppresses high momentum modes, supplemented by Pauli–Villars determinants in the path integral measure. An exact renormalisation group flow equation for the Wilsonian effective action is derived by requiring that the path integral is invariant under a change in the cutoff scale while preserving quasi-locality. The renormalisation group flow is defined directly on the space of gauge invariant actions without the need to fix the gauge. We show that the one-loop beta function in Yang–Mills and the one-loop divergencies of General Relativity can be calculated without fixing the gauge. As a first non-perturbative application we find the form of the Yang–Mills beta function within a simple truncation of the Wilsonian effective action.
Low-energy probes of no-scale SU(5) super-GUTs
Authors: Ellis John , Evans Jason L. , Nagata Natsumi , Olive Keith A. , Velasco-Sevilla L.
Published: February 2021

We explore the possible values of the $$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

branching ratio, $$\text {BR}(\mu \rightarrow e\gamma )$$

BR
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

, and the electron dipole moment (eEDM), $$d_e$$

d
e

, in no-scale SU(5) super-GUT models with the boundary conditions that soft supersymmetry-breaking matter scalar masses vanish at some high input scale, $$M_\mathrm{in}$$

M
in

, above the GUT scale, $$M_{\mathrm{GUT}}$$

M
GUT

. We take into account the constraints from the cosmological cold dark matter density, $$\Omega _{CDM} h^2$$

Ω

CDM

h
2

, the Higgs mass, $$M_h$$

M
h

, and the experimental lower limit on the lifetime for $$p \rightarrow K^+ \bar{\nu }$$

p
→

K
+

ν

¯

, the dominant proton decay mode in these super-GUT models. Reconciling this limit with $$\Omega _{CDM} h^2$$

Ω

CDM

h
2

and $$M_h$$

M
h

requires the Higgs field responsible for the charge-2/3 quark masses to be twisted, and possibly also that responsible for the charge-1/3 and charged-lepton masses, with model-dependent soft supersymmetry-breaking masses. We consider six possible models for the super-GUT initial conditions, and two possible choices for quark flavor mixing, contrasting their predictions for proton decay with versions of the models in which mixing effects are neglected. We find that $$\tau \left( p\rightarrow K^+ \bar{\nu }\right) $$

τ

p
→

K
+

ν

¯

may be accessible to the upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, whereas all the models predict $$\text {BR}(\mu \rightarrow e\gamma )$$

BR
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

and $$d_e$$

d
e

below the current and prospective future experimental sensitivities or both flavor choices, when the dark matter density, Higgs mass and current proton decay constraints are taken into account. However, there are limited regions with one of the flavor choices in two of the models where $$\mu \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
e

conversion on a heavy nucleus may be observable in the future. Our results indicate that there is no supersymmetric flavor problem in the class of no-scale models we consider.
Regular rotating MOG dark compact object
Authors: Moffat J. W.
Published: February 2021

A regular rotating MOG (modified gravity) compact object is derived that reduces to the Kerr black hole when the parameter $$\alpha =0$$

α
=
0

. Physical consequences of the dark compact object, which is regular everywhere in spacetime for $$\alpha > \alpha _\mathrm{crit}=0.674$$

α
>

α
crit

=
0.674

and is a rotating Kerr-MOG black hole for $$\alpha < \alpha _\mathrm{crit}$$

α
<

α
crit

are investigated.
Northeast Pacific annual accumulated cyclonic energy rank-profile
Authors: Roca-Flores Elio , Naumis Gerardo G.
Published: February 2021

The ranking of events is a powerful way to study the complexity of rare catastrophic events as earthquakes and hurricanes. Hurricane activity can be quantified by the annual accumulated cyclone energy index (ACE), which contains the information of the maximum sustained wind speed, duration and frequency of the tropical cyclone season. Here, the ranking of the Northeast Pacific annual ACE is obtained and fitted using nonlinear regression with several two- and three-parameter ranking laws that fit the tail and head of the data, where lives the information of relevant events for human society. The logarithmic like function [Formula: see text] overperforms all other fits. A sliding window analysis of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of such a function shows that forcing and dissipation processes are anticorrelated.
Pareto-optimal Algorithms for Scheduling Games on Parallel-batching Machines with Activation Cost
Authors: Zhang Long , Yu Jiguo , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: February 2021

We study one scheduling game with activation cost, where each game involves [Formula: see text] jobs being processed on [Formula: see text] parallel-batching identical machines. Each job, as an agent, selects a machine (more precisely, a batch on a machine) for processing to minimize his disutility, which consists of the load of his machine and his share in the machine’s activation cost. We prove that Nash equilibrium may not exist for the scheduling game. We design a polynomial-time algorithm to produce pareto-optimal schedules for two special cases of the scheduling game. Finally, we show that the general form of the scheduling game has pareto-optimal schedule by an improved polynomial-time algorithm, and prove that the schedule is a tight [Formula: see text]-approximate Nash equilibria.
Upper Bounding Graph Edit Distance Based on Rings and Machine Learning
Authors: Blumenthal David B. , Gamper Johann , Bougleux Sébastien , Brun Luc
Published: February 2021

The graph edit distance (GED) is a flexible distance measure which is widely used for inexact graph matching. Since its exact computation is [Formula: see text]-hard, heuristics are used in practice. A popular approach is to obtain upper bounds for GED via transformations to the linear sum assignment problem with error-correction (LSAPE). Typically, local structures and distances between them are employed for carrying out this transformation, but recently also machine learning techniques have been used. In this paper, we formally define a unifying framework LSAPE-GED for transformations from GED to LSAPE. We also introduce rings, a new kind of local structures designed for graphs where most information resides in the topology rather than in the node labels. Furthermore, we propose two new ring-based heuristics RING and RING-ML, which instantiate LSAPE-GED using the traditional and the machine learning-based approach for transforming GED to LSAPE, respectively. Extensive experiments show that using rings for upper bounding GED significantly improves the state of the art on datasets where most information resides in the graphs’ topologies. This closes the gap between fast but rather inaccurate LSAPE-based heuristics and more accurate but significantly slower GED algorithms based on local search.
Force Display and Tactile Display of Color Image Texture
Authors: Tian Lei , Chen Dapeng , Wen Xiulan , Song Aiguo
Published: February 2021

In haptic interaction technology, texture haptic display is an important part. In order to perceive color image texture better, the haptic display methods of color texture based on force feedback and tactile feedback are proposed in this work. On the one hand, through the study of the physiological and psychological perception characteristics of color information, a new force rendering method of color image texture based on force feedback device is presented. The experimental results of color texture force perception show that the color texture force rendering algorithm in this paper works well. On the other hand, a color texture vibration tactile model is established based on the designed vibrotactile device. Its effectiveness is verified by vibration tactile perception experiment. Finally, for the color texture image of the real object surface, the force and vibrotactile display methods of color texture in this paper are used to conduct perception experiments and compared.
A New Method and Implementation of Blind Restoration Algorithm for Moving Fuzzy License Plate Image Based on Frequency-Domain Characteristics
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Li Xuesheng , Li Yi , Tang Yuxuan , Zhang Daode
Published: February 2021

In order to solve the problem of blurred license plate image in road monitoring, the PSF estimation method based on spectrum is often used to restore the blurred license plate image. Due to the large error of motion blur information estimation, a blind license plate restoration algorithm based on image spectrum and cepstrum is proposed in this paper. First, Radon transform is used to detect the parallel line features in the spectrum of fuzzy license plate image to estimate the fuzzy angle. Then, the cepstrum data of the blurred image is used to measure the peak value and estimate the fuzzy length of the image. Finally, blind restoration of fuzzy license plate image is carried out by Wiener filter of autocorrelation function. The experimental results show that the PSF estimation result of this algorithm is more accurate, and it can achieve better restoration effect of fuzzy image for license plate images under different fuzzy conditions. It is verified that the blind restoration algorithm based on fusion of image spectrum and cepstrum has certain feasibility and adaptability.
Compact object with a local dark energy shell
Authors: Veneroni L. S. M. , Braz A. , da Silva M. F. A.
Published: February 2021

We investigate some models of compact objects in the general relativity theory with cosmological constant [Formula: see text], based on two density profiles, one of them attributed to Stewart and the other one to Durgapal and Bannerji, proposed in the literature to model “neutron stars”. For them, a nonlocal equation of state with cosmological constant is obtained as a consequence of the chosen metric. In another direction, we obtain a solution for configurations with null radial pressure. The first model (based on Stewart’s density profile) turned out to be the most interesting, since surprisingly it admits the presence of dark energy in the interior of the star, in the outermost layers, for a certain range of mass–radius ratio [Formula: see text]. This dark energy is independent of the cosmological constant, since it is a consequence of the tangential pressure of the fluid be sufficiently negative. Still in this case, for other values of [Formula: see text], all the energy conditions are satisfied. Another advantage of this model, as well as that based on the density profile of Durgapal and Bannerji, is the existence of intervals of [Formula: see text] compatible with physically acceptable models for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which also allowed us to analyze the influence of [Formula: see text] on the behavior of the fluid with respect to the energy conditions. The other configuration studied here, [Formula: see text], only allows solutions for [Formula: see text], in order to ensure a positive mass for the object and to satisfy all the energy conditions in a specific range of [Formula: see text].
Discrete mechanics on unitary octonions
Authors: Grabowski Janusz , Ravanpak Zohreh
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we generalize the discrete Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics on Lie groups to non-associative objects generalizing Lie groups (smooth loops). This shows that the associativity assumption is not crucial for mechanics and opens new perspectives. As a working example, we obtain the discrete Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics on unitary octonions.
Optimal control of alcoholism spreading through awareness over multiplex network
Authors: Ramamoorthi Padmavathi , Muthukrishnan Senthil Kumar
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes the SISRS epidemic model to represent alcohol addiction among people. The spreading of alcohol addiction is controlled by creating awareness among the people and also by treating them to overcome it. Multiplex network is used to study the dynamics of addiction. Alcoholism spreads over the physical contact layer and follows the SISRS process whereas human awareness spreads over the virtual contact layer and follows the UAU process. Based on the Microscopic Markov Chain Approach competing dynamics of spreading of alcohol addiction and human awareness diffusion are studied. Necessary conditions for the existence of an alcohol-free population are found. An optimal control problem using a suitable cost index is formulated to reduce the alcohol addicts and the optimal control strategy using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle is determined. Numerical results are developed to find the effect of various parameters and to analyze the effects of different control strategies. The results obtained from this model are closer to the data collected in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2002 to 2018.
Analytical review and study on object detection techniques in the image
Authors: Sriram K. V. , Havaldar R. H.
Published: February 2021

Object detection is the most fundamental but challenging issues in the field of computer vision. Object detection identifies the presence of various individual objects in an image. Great success is attained for object detection/recognition problems in the controlled environment, but still, the problem remains unsolved in the uncontrolled places, particularly, when the objects are placed in arbitrary poses in an occluded and cluttered environment. In the last few years, a lots of efforts are made by researchers to resolve this issue, because of its wide range of applications in computer vision tasks, like content-enabled image retrieval, event or activity recognition, scene understanding, and so on. This review provides a detailed survey of 50 research papers presenting the object detection techniques, like machine learning-based techniques, gradient-based techniques, Fast Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Fast R-CNN) detector, and the foreground-based techniques. Here, the machine learning-based approaches are classified into deep learning-based approaches, random forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and so on. Moreover, the challenges faced by the existing techniques are explained in the gaps and issues section. The analysis based on the classification, toolset, datasets utilized, published year, and the performance metrics are discussed. The future dimension of the research is based on the gaps and issues identified from the existing research works.
Just-in-time parts feeding optimization for assembly lines under travel time uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Jia-hua , Li Ai-ping , Liu Xue-mei
Published: February 2021

Just-in-time (JIT) part feeding is adopted by more and more automobile producers. Based on this part feeding policy, vehicles perform their assigned routes cyclically and provide stations with the exact quantity of parts required until the next arrival of the vehicle. However, if there are uncertain travel times, a shortage of materials in stations will be caused. In this paper, the JIT part feeding optimization problem under travel time uncertainty is studied. The uncertain travel time is represented by the interval number according to the actual situation. To minimize the largest possible vehicle trip time, the optimization model is developed based on robust optimization. In the model, a route-dependent uncertain parameter is introduced. Through this model, the route of each vehicle and the parts load needed to be delivered by the vehicle can be calculated. A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve this model. The parts feeding planning for an engine assembly line is taken as an example. By the Monte Carlo simulation, the relationship between the line stoppage probability and the uncertain parameter is studied to obtain the final solution. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by this case study.
Analysis on Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem of fuzzy variable fractional differential equation for a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) model with singular operator
Authors: Verma Pratibha , Kumar Manoj , Shukla Anand
Published: February 2021

The fuzzy variable fractional differential equations (FVFDEs) play a very important role in mathematical modeling of COVID-19. The scientists are studying and developing several aspects of these COVID-19 models. The existence and uniqueness of the solution, stability analysis are the most common and important study aspects. There is no study in the literature to establish the existence, uniqueness, and UH stability for fuzzy variable fractional (FVF) order COVID-19 models. Due to high demand of this study, we investigate results for the existence, uniqueness, and UH stability for the considered COVID-19 model based on FVFDEs using a fixed point theory approach with the singular operator. Additionally, discuss the maximal/minimal solution for the FVFDE of the COVID-19 model.
Confirmation and Perfection of Carcione–Leclaire Three-Phase Theory
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Xiumei , Wang Xiuming
Published: February 2021

A complete and formal theoretical derivation of the equations of motion and the stress–strain relations in Carcione–Leclaire three-phase theory is presented. The Lagrangian formulation is obtained on the basis of the potential and kinetic energies. We provided a new and more clear method to express the kinetic and potential energy density in an elastic solid. In particular, the deduction of the kinetic energy density in a fluid-saturated porous medium is established from a physical point of view, for which Biot’s theory did not give a detailed description. Moreover, to make the establishment of the equations more clearly expressed, the potential, kinetic and dissipation energy densities are described in great detail to obtain the equations of motion by using the Lagrangian formulation. In order to show the self-consistency of the three-phase model, the deduction of the degradation of a three-phase medium into a simplified form of a two-phase medium is proved in two physically distinct situations. One case is that the medium degenerates into a saturated porous medium. The second case is that the medium degenerates into a porous medium composed of two solids. The results show that, if the pore solid is replaced by the pore fluid, Carcione–Leclaire three-phase theory is completely consistent with Biot’s theory. Besides, if the pore fluid is substituted by the pore solid, two compressional waves and two shear waves can be generated when the reference value of the friction coefficient between two solids [Formula: see text] is zero. When [Formula: see text] is not neglected, there are only one compressional wave and one shear wave, which is equivalent to the single-phase elastic medium. Finally, we compute the phase velocities and attenuations versus frequency with three pore solid saturations to analyze the characteristics of the five modes.
Potentiation of Lupus Activity by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Mok Tsz Ching , Ng Lok Ping , Chui Eva Tsz Fung , Chung Ho Yin
Published: February 2021

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used to accelerate recovery of neutropenia in patients with marrow suppression. We hereby report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed diffuse lupus nephritis and impending cytokine storm after G-CSF therapy. The exact mechanisms by which G-CSF leads to lupus flares remains enigmatic. Increased neutrophil apoptosis and release of cytokines have been postulated. The use of G-CSF in patients with autoimmune disease should be cautious.
A revised age, structural model and origin for the North Pennine Orefield in the Alston Block, northern England: intrusion (Whin Sill)-related base metal (Cu–Pb–Zn–F) mineralization
Authors: Dempsey E. D. , Holdsworth R. E. , Selby D. , Bird A. , Young B. , Le Cornu C.
Published: February 2021

Mineralization and associated fluid migration events in the
c
. 1500 km
2
North Pennine Orefield (NPO) are known to be associated with tectonic activity, but the age of these tectonic events and origins of the base metal sulfide mineralization remain unresolved. New fieldwork in the Alston Block shows that mineralization post-dates a weakly developed phase of north–south shortening consistent with far-field Variscan basin inversion during the late Carboniferous. New observations of field relationships, coupled with microstructural observations and stress inversion analyses, together with Re–Os sulfide geochronology show that the vein-hosted mineralization (apart from barium minerals) was synchronous with a phase of north–south extension and east–west shortening coeval with emplacement of the Whin Sill (
c
. 297–294 Ma). Thus the development of the NPO was related to an early Permian regional phase of transtensional deformation, mantle-sourced hydrothermal mineralization and magmatism in northern Britain. Previously proposed Mississippi Valley Type models, or alternatives relating mineralization to the influx of Mesozoic brines, can no longer be applied to the development of the NPO in the Alston Block. Our findings also mean that existing models for equivalent base metal sulfide fields worldwide (e.g. Zn–Pb districts of Silesia, Poland and Tennessee, USA) may need to be reassessed.
Identification and characterization of geological formations with CO
2
storage potential in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Pedro , Ribeiro Carlos , Carneiro Júlio
Published: February 2021

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered a major part of the Portuguese strategy for reducing CO
2
emissions. Some industrial sectors, the most prominent being the cement sector, require the implementation of CO
2
storage to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper presents and characterizes the areas with potential for CO
2
storage in mainland Portugal. The lithostratigraphic and tectonic frameworks of the onshore and offshore basins are presented; a site screening process was conducted, based on basin- and regional-scale assessments, resulting in the definition of eight possible storage clusters, seven of which are offshore. The storage capacity was estimated for those clusters, with a central (P
50
) value of 7.09 Gt; however, the most interesting locations are in the Lusitanian Basin (West Iberian Margin), both onshore and offshore, as they present high capacity and are located favourably in relation to the industrial CO
2
emitters. Considering only the potential sites of this basin, their storage capacities are greater than 3 Gt CO
2
, of which 260 Mt are onshore.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geoscience for CO
2
storage collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage
Olfactory receptor 78 regulates erythropoietin and cardiorespiratory responses to hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Wang Benjamin , Peng Ying-Jie , Su Xiaoyu , Zhang Chongxu , Nagati Jason S. , Garcia Joseph A. , Prabhakar Nanduri R.
Published: February 2021

In this study, we delineated a previously uncharacterized role for olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), a G-protein-coupled receptor in regulation of erythropoietin and cardiorespiratory responses to hypobaric hypoxia. Our results demonstrate a striking loss of cardiorespiratory adaptations accompanied by an equally striking absence of carotid body sensory nerve responses to hypobaric hypoxia in Olfr78 null mice. We further demonstrate a hitherto uncharacterized role for Olfr78 in erythropoietin activation by hypobaric hypoxia.
Comparing lung oscillometry with a novel, portable flow interrupter device to measure lung mechanics
Authors: Lundblad Lennart K. A. , Blouin Nicolas , Grudin Oleg , Grudina Lyudmila , Drapeau Guy , Restrepo Natalia , Ducharme Francine M.
Published: February 2021

We have developed a novel version of the interrupter technique to measure respiratory resistance. The Rapid Expiratory Occlusion Method (REOM) is a small handheld device that measures respiratory resistance and demonstrates excellent correlation with airway oscillometry. With its ease of use, REOM may be promising for use in community practice, patient’s homes, and, if paired with a telemedicine application, could enable the healthcare provider to monitor patients in their homes.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Firms’ Technological Strategic Choices: A Perspective of the Behavioral Biases
Authors: Zhang Yingqing , Fan Ruguo , Luo Ming , Chen Mingman , Sun Jiaqin
Published: February 2021

To reveal the mechanisms of firms’ technological strategic choices between innovation and imitation, an evolutionary game model is proposed from the perspective of the behavioral biases. First, behavioral biases such as reference point dependence, loss aversion, and probability weighting can be defined and modeled based on the prospect theory. Second, according to the firm theory, a Cournot or Stackelberg game modeled with a technology spillover effect and intellectual property protection is applied to portray the interaction between firms. Third, an improved evolutionary game model is provided by incorporating behavioral biases into the framework of the decision‐making process. Finally, the simulation analysis of some important factors, such as intellectual property protection, patent fees, innovation risks, decision‐making attitudes, and consumers’ price preference on firms’ technological strategic choices, is presented. The corresponding results show that (1) innovation risk is an important factor affecting the technological strategic choices of firms, (2) increasing the intellectual property protection and the patent fee for technology transfer can effectively control the spillover effect of technology, (3) there is a partial U‐shaped relationship between the consumers’ price preference and innovation, and (4) the behavioral biases such as reference point dependence, loss aversion, and probability weighting will change the perception of payoff and risk and will eventually induce firms to adopt the innovation strategy.
Furazolidone Increases Survival of Mice Exposed to Lethal Total Body Irradiation through the Antiapoptosis and Antiautophagy Mechanism
Authors: Ma Shumei , Jin Zhao , Liu Yi , Liu Lin , Feng Hao , Li Ping , Tian Zhujun , Ren Minghua , Liu Xiaodong
Published: February 2021

Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) causes dose‐ and tissue‐specific lethality. However, there are few effective and nontoxic radiation countermeasures for the radiation injury. In the current study, mice were pretreated with a traditional antimicrobial agent, FZD, before TBI; the protective effects of FZD on radiation injury were evaluated by using parameters such as the spleen index and thymus index, immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tissue, and frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of bone marrow. The intestinal epithelial cell line IEC‐6 was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that FZD administration significantly improved the survival of lethal dose‐irradiated mice, decreased the number of micronuclei, upregulated the number of leukocytes and immune organ indices, and restored intestinal integrity in mice after TBI. TUNEL and western blot showed that FZD protected intestinal tissue by downregulating radiation‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. Meanwhile, FZD protected IEC‐6 cells from radiation‐induced cell death by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. To sum up, FZD protected against radiation‐induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo through antiapoptosis and antiautophagy mechanisms.
A Proposed Bearing Load Identification Method to Uncertain Rotor Systems
Authors: Mao Wengui , Zhang Nannan , Feng Dan , Li Jianhua
Published: February 2021

Bearings are considered as important mechanical components in rotating machines. Bearing load is used as an indication of monitoring rotor system health, but there are interval and probability uncertain parameters in the process of obtaining bearing load from the rotor system. A bearing load strip enclosed by two bounding distributions is then formed, rather than a single distribution that we usually obtain through the load identification method for a deterministic rotor system. In this paper, a computational inverse approach that combines the interval and perturbation analysis method with regularization is presented to stably identify bearing load strip. Using an interval analysis method, a calculated transient response of the rotor structure only subjecting to the bearing load can be approximated as a linear function of the interval parameters in the rotor system. The perturbation analysis method based on Taylor expansion is used to transform the problem of the bearing load identification involving in probability parameters into two kinds of certain inverse problem, namely, the bearing load identification combining the mean value of uncertain parameters with calculated transient response function and the sensitivity identification of bearing load to each probability parameter. Regularization is used to overcome ill‐posedness of bearing load identification arising from the noise‐contaminated observed response. A rotor system with two bearings is investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the presented method.
Acute Pancreatitis as a Possible Unusual Manifestation of COVID-19 in Children
Authors: Bineshfar Niloufar , Mirahmadi Alireza , Karbasian Fereshteh , Pourbakhtyaran Elham , Karimi Abdollah , Sarafi Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the world causing problems for millions of people. Symptoms of COVID-19 in pediatric patients include both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, and fatigue. In this report, we describe a case of a previously well 14-year-old boy, who presented to our emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting without fever or respiratory symptoms. He was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on an abnormal amylase level and abdomen computed tomography (CT) and later found to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.
RBM: Region‐Based Mobile Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammad Fahad , Shiraz Muhammad , Shaheen Qaisar , Ahsan Kamran , Akhtar Rizwan , Changda Wang
Published: February 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are employed for different applications for the reason of small‐sized and low‐cost sensor nodes. However, several challenges that include a low powered battery of the sensor nodes restrict their functionality. Therefore, saving energy in the routing process to extend network life is a serious concern while deploying applications on WSN. To this end, the key technology is clustering, which helps maximize scalability and network lifecycle. Base station (BS) collects data, aggregates it, and extracts the required information. To obtain the maximum outcome, the lifetime of the network is maximized by the use of different techniques and protocols. Data transmissions consume most of the network energy, and the transmissions over normal ranges require less energy as compared to transmissions over long ranges. Moreover, the nodes closer to the BS deplete their energy faster as compared to distant nodes because of traffic overload. The proposed protocol is aimed at reducing energy consumption and increasing the network lifetime. For this purpose, the network is divided into two regions: region 1 closer to the BS communicating directly, whereas region 2 farther away from the BS having routing nodes to communicate with the BS. Routing nodes do not take part in sensing function but will only move in region 2 collecting data and forwarding it to BS. MATLAB is used as the simulation tool for evaluation, and the results are compared with the existing optimized region‐based efficient routing (AORED) and low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchical protocol (LEACH) techniques. The comparison showed that energy conservation and lifetime increased by 15%, and throughput is increased by more than 5% approximately.
DOCK4 Is a Platinum-Chemosensitive and Prognostic-Related Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Zhong Jie , Lu Ping , Feng Xiao , Han Ying , Ling Chenqi , Guo Wenke , Zhou Weijin , Yu Fudong
Published: February 2021

Ovarian carcinoma (OV) is a lethal gynecological malignancy. Most OV patients develop resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and recurrence. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the ligand activating transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARs as important transcriptional regulators regulate important physiological processes such as lipid metabolism, inflammation, and wound healing. Several reports point out that PPARs can also have an effect on the sensitivity of tumor cells to platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. However, the role of PPAR-target related genes (PPAR-TRGs) in chemotherapeutic resistance of OV remains unclear. The present study is aimed at optimizing candidate genes by integrating platinum-chemotherapy expression data and PPAR family genes with their targets. The gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 4 genes (AP2A2, DOCK4, HSDL2, and PDK4) were the candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PPAR-TRGs with platinum chemosensitivity. After conducting numerous survival analyses using different cohorts, we found that only the upexpression of DOCK4 has important significance with the poor prognosis of OV patients. Meanwhile, DOCK4 is detected in plasma and enriched in neutrophil and monocyte cells of the blood. We further found that there were significant correlations between DOCK4 expression and the levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration, dendritic cell infiltration, and neutrophil infiltration in OV. In addition, we verified the expression level of DOCK4 in OV cell lines treated with platinum drugs and found that DOCK4 is potentially responsive to platinum drugs. In conclusion, DOCK4 is potentially associated with immune cell infiltration and represents a valuable prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer patients.
Human Papilloma Virus: Current Knowledge and Focus on Oral Health
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , Cervino Gabriele , Surace Giovanni , De Stefano Rosa , Laino Luigi , D’Amico Cesare , Fiorillo Maria Teresa , Meto Aida , Herford Alan Scott , Arzukanyan Alina Vladimirovna , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Cicciù Marco
Published: February 2021

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.