bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity: a longitudinal evaluation of functional and molecular markers
Authors: Bosman Matthias , Krüger Dustin , Van Assche Charles , Boen Hanne , Neutel Cédric , Favere Kasper , Franssen Constantijn , Martinet Wim , Roth Lynn , De Meyer Guido R Y , Cillero-Pastor Berta , Delrue Leen , Heggermont Ward , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M , Guns Pieter-Jan
Published: August 2023

Aims

Apart from cardiotoxicity, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) induces vascular toxicity, represented by arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. Both parameters are of interest for cardiovascular risk stratification as they are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in the general population. However, the time course of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity remains unclear. Moreover, current biomarkers for cardiovascular toxicity prove insufficient. Here, we longitudinally evaluated functional and molecular markers of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity in a murine model. Molecular markers were further validated in patient plasma.

Methods and results

DOX (4 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) was administered intra-peritoneally to young, male mice weekly for 6 weeks. In vivo cardiovascular function and ex vivo arterial stiffness and vascular reactivity were evaluated at baseline, during DOX therapy (Weeks 2 and 4) and after therapy cessation (Weeks 6, 9, and 15). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declined from Week 4 in the DOX group. DOX increased arterial stiffness in vivo and ex vivo at Week 2, which reverted thereafter. Importantly, DOX-induced arterial stiffness preceded reduced LVEF. Further, DOX impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation at Weeks 2 and 6, which recovered at Weeks 9 and 15. Conversely, contraction with phenylephrine was consistently higher in the DOX-treated group. Furthermore, proteomic analysis on aortic tissue identified increased thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) at Weeks 2 and 6. Up-regulated THBS1 and SERPINA3 persisted during follow-up. Finally, THBS1 and SERPINA3 were quantified in plasma of patients. Cancer survivors with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AICT; LVEF < 50%) showed elevated THBS1 and SERPINA3 levels compared with age-matched control patients (LVEF ≥ 60%).

Conclusions

DOX increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function, which both preceded reduced LVEF. Vascular dysfunction restored after DOX therapy cessation, whereas cardiac dysfunction persisted. Further, we identified SERPINA3 and THBS1 as promising biomarkers of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity, which were confirmed in AICT patients.
Simple approaches to nonlinear difference-in-differences with panel data
Authors: Wooldridge Jeffrey M
Published: August 2023

I derive simple, flexible strategies for difference-in-differences settings where the nature of the response variable may warrant a nonlinear model. I allow for general staggered interventions, with and without covariates. Under an index version of parallel trends, I show that average treatment effects on the treated (ATTs) are identified for each cohort and calendar time period in which a cohort was subjected to the intervention. The pooled quasi-maximum likelihood estimators in the linear exponential family extend pooled ordinary least squares estimation of linear models. By using the conditional mean associated with the canonical link function, imputation and pooling across the entire sample produce identical estimates. Generally, pooled estimation results in very simple computation of the ATTs and their standard errors. The leading cases are a logit functional form for binary and fractional outcomes—combined with the Bernoulli quasi-log likelihood (QLL)—and an exponential mean combined with the Poisson QLL.
Hollywood’s Peerless Advocate for Israel: Max Nussbaum, ‘Rabbi to the Stars’
Authors: Goodman Giora , Shaw Tony
Published: August 2023

A neglected figure in the histories of Zionism, American Jewry and US-Israel relations, Max Nussbaum carved out an unusual place for himself in Hollywood after the Second World War. Known affectionately as the ‘Rabbi to the Stars’, as spiritual leader of Temple Israel of Hollywood Nussbaum stood at the centre of entertainment’s Jewish community for thirty years, where he played a key role in advocating for Israel during the state’s formative decades. The rabbi raised millions of ‘publicity dollars’ for Israel with the help of Hollywood moguls and show-business friends, converted the actress Elizabeth Taylor into a Zionist champion, and conversed with America’s political leaders about Middle Eastern affairs. Using American and Israeli archives, this article explores the extensive range of Nussbaum’s pro-Zionist endeavours, demonstrating the importance of Temple Israel of Hollywood’s on- and off-screen support for Israel. It factors in the role of American Jewish organisations and the particular importance of Zionist advocacy and celebrity culture to the changing attitudes of American Jews and the US government towards Israel from the 1940s to the 1970s. At the same time, it reveals the limits of Nussbaum’s pro-Israel political lobbying activities in Washington and assesses why, despite his devotion to Israel, Nussbaum clashed with its leaders over the goals of the Zionist movement. The article highlights the need to integrate religious figures such as Max Nussbaum and cultural players like Hollywood more fully into the history of the US-Israel alliance.
Atrial fibrillation progression after cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation: the CIRCA-DOSE trial
Authors: Andrade Jason G , Deyell Marc W , Khairy Paul , Champagne Jean , Leong-Sit Peter , Novak Paul , Sterns Lawrence , Roux Jean-Francois , Sapp John , Bennett Richard , Bennett Matthew , Hawkins Nathaniel , Sanders Prashanthan , Macle Laurent
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic progressive disorder. Persistent forms of AF are associated with increased rates of thromboembolism, heart failure, and death. Catheter ablation modifies the pathogenic mechanism of AF progression. No randomized studies have evaluated the impact of the ablation energy on progression to persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia.

Methods

Three hundred forty-six patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal AF were enrolled and randomly assigned to contact-force–guided RF ablation (CF-RF ablation, 115), 4 min cryoballoon ablation (CRYO-4, 115), or 2 min cryoballoon ablation (CRYO-2, 116). Implantable cardiac monitors placed at study entry were used for follow-up. The main outcome was the first episode of persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia. Secondary outcomes included atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence and arrhythmia burden on the implantable monitor.

Results

At a median of 944.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 612.5–1104) days, 0 of 115 patients (0.0%) randomly assigned to CF-RF, 8 of 115 patients (7.0%) assigned to CRYO-4, and 5 of 116 patients (4.3%) assigned to CRYO-2 experienced an episode of persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia (P = .03). A documented recurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia ≥30 s occurred in 56.5%, 53.9%, and 62.9% of those randomized to CF-RF, CRYO-4, and CRYO-2, respectively; P = .65. Compared with that of the pre-ablation monitoring period, AF burden was reduced by a median of 99.5% (IQR 94.0%, 100.0%) with CF-RF, 99.9% (IQR 93.3%–100.0%) with CRYO-4, and 99.1%% (IQR 87.0%–100.0%) with CRYO-2 (P = .38).

Conclusions

Catheter ablation of paroxysmal AF using radiofrequency energy was associated with fewer patients developing persistent AF on follow-up.
Advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult congenital heart disease patients within the last 25 years
Authors: Paul Thomas , Krause Ulrich , Sanatani Shubhayan , Etheridge Susan P
Published: August 2023

This review article reflects how publications in EP Europace have contributed to advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult patients with congenital heart disease within the last 25 years. A special focus is directed to congenital atrioventricular (AV) block, the use of pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the young with and without congenital heart disease, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, mapping and ablation technology, and understanding of cardiac genomics to untangle arrhythmic sudden death in the young.
Twenty-five years of research in cardiac imaging in electrophysiology procedures for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Berruezo Antonio , Penela Diego , Jáuregui Beatriz , de Asmundis Carlo , Peretto Giovanni , Marrouche Nassir , Trayanova Natalia , de Chillou Christian
Published: August 2023

Catheter ablation is nowadays considered the treatment of choice for numerous cardiac arrhythmias in different clinical scenarios. Fluoroscopy has traditionally been the primary imaging modality for catheter ablation, providing real-time visualization of catheter navigation. However, its limitations, such as inadequate soft tissue visualization and exposure to ionizing radiation, have prompted the integration of alternative imaging modalities. Over the years, advancements in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in enhancing the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of catheter ablation procedures. This manuscript aims to explore the utility of imaging, including electroanatomical mapping, cardiac computed tomography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and nuclear cardiology exams, in helping electrophysiology procedures. These techniques enable accurate anatomical guidance, identification of critical structures and substrates, and real-time monitoring of complications, ultimately enhancing procedural safety and success rates. Incorporating advanced imaging technologies into routine clinical practice has the potential to further improve clinical outcomes of catheter ablation procedures and pave the way for more personalized and precise ablation therapies in the future.
25 years of basic and translational science in EP Europace: novel insights into arrhythmia mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Remme Carol Ann , Heijman Jordi , Gomez Ana M , Zaza Antonio , Odening Katja E
Published: August 2023

In the last 25 years, EP Europace has published more than 300 basic and translational science articles covering different arrhythmia types (ranging from atrial fibrillation to ventricular tachyarrhythmias), different diseases predisposing to arrhythmia formation (such as genetic arrhythmia disorders and heart failure), and different interventional and pharmacological anti-arrhythmic treatment strategies (ranging from pacing and defibrillation to different ablation approaches and novel drug-therapies). These studies have been conducted in cellular models, small and large animal models, and in the last couple of years increasingly in silico using computational approaches. In sum, these articles have contributed substantially to our pathophysiological understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment options; many of which have made their way into clinical applications. This review discusses a representative selection of EP Europace manuscripts covering the topics of pacing and ablation, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and pro-arrhythmic ventricular remodelling, ion channel (dys)function and pharmacology, inherited arrhythmia syndromes, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies, highlighting some of the advances of the past 25 years. Given the increasingly recognized complexity and multidisciplinary nature of arrhythmogenesis and continued technological developments, basic and translational electrophysiological research is key advancing the field. EP Europace aims to further increase its contribution to the discovery of arrhythmia mechanisms and the implementation of mechanism-based precision therapy approaches in arrhythmia management.
Progress in atrial fibrillation ablation during 25 years of Europace journal
Authors: Boersma Lucas , Andrade Jason G , Betts Tim , Duytschaever Mattias , Pürerfellner Helmut , Santoro Francesco , Tzeis Stylianos , Verma Atul
Published: August 2023

The first edition of Europace journal in 1999 came right around the time of the landmark publication of the electrophysiologists from Bordeaux, establishing how elimination of ectopic activity from the pulmonary veins (PVs) resulted in a marked reduction of atrial fibrillation (AF). The past 25 years have seen an incredible surge in scientific interest to develop new catheters and energy sources to optimize durability and safety of ablation, as well as study the mechanisms for AF and devise ablation strategies. While ablation in the beginning was performed with classic 4 mm tip catheters that emitted radiofrequency (RF) energy to create tissue lesions, this evolved to using irrigation and contact force (CF) measurement while increasing power. Also, so-called single-shot devices were developed with balloons and arrays to create larger contiguous lesions, and energy sources changed from RF current to cryogenic ablation and more recently pulsed field ablation with electrical current. Although PV ablation has remained the basis for every AF ablation, it was soon recognized that this was not enough to cure all patients, especially those with non-paroxysmal AF. Standardized approaches for additional ablation targets have been used but have not been satisfactory in all patients so far. This led to highly technical mapping systems that are meant to unravel the drivers for the maintenance of AF. In the following sections, the development of energies, strategies, and tools is described with a focus on the contribution of Europace to publish the outcomes of studies that were done during the past 25 years.
Less Is (Often) More: Number of Children and Health Among Older Adults in 24 Countries
Authors: Antczak Radoslaw , Quashie Nekehia T , Mair Christine A , Arpino Bruno
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Previous evidence about the impact of parenthood on health for older adults is mixed, perhaps due to variation in number of children and context. Higher numbers of children could lead to support or strain, depending on individual and country contexts. Yet, no studies currently exist that examine associations between the number of children and several health indicators among older adults across multiple global regions.

Methods

We analyze cross-sectional data (1992–2017) of 166,739 adults aged 50+ across 24 countries from the Health and Retirement Study family of surveys to document associations between the number of children, treated as a categorical variable, and 5 health outcomes (self-rated health, activities of daily living limitations, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, chronic conditions, and depression). We perform multivariable analyses by estimating logistic regression models for each country and each outcome.

Results

Multiple comparisons between categories of number of children revealed at least 1 significant difference in each country, and a majority of significant differences indicated those with more children had poorer health. The risk of poorer health for parents of multiple children was observed in 15 countries, but in some countries, fewer children predict poorer health. The greatest number of differences was identified for depression and chronic conditions, and very few for functional limitations.

Discussion

We observe a greater probability that more children are associated with poorer health in later life, especially for chronic conditions and depression. However, a universal global or regional pattern could not be identified. These findings raise new questions about how country contexts shape fertility and health.
Cholera intoxication of human enteroids reveals interplay between decoy and functional glycoconjugate ligands
Authors: Singla Akshi , Boucher Andrew , Wallom Kerri-Lee , Lebens Michael , Kohler Jennifer J , Platt Frances M , Yrlid Ulf
Published: August 2023

Prior research on cholera toxin (CT) binding and intoxication has relied on human colonic cancer derived epithelial cells. While these transformed cell lines have been beneficial, they neither derive from small intestine where intoxication occurs, nor represent the diversity of small intestinal epithelial cells (SI-ECs) and variation in glycoconjugate expression among individuals. Here, we used human enteroids, derived from jejunal biopsies of multipledonors to study CT binding and intoxication of human non-transformed SI-ECs. We modulated surface expression of glycosphingolipids, glycoproteins and specific glycans to distinguish the role of each glycan/glycoconjugate. Cholera-toxin-subunit-B (CTB) mutants were generated to decipher the preference of each glycoconjugate to different binding sites and the correlation between CT binding and intoxication. Human enteroids contain trace amounts of GM1, but other glycosphingolipids may be contributing to CT intoxication. We discovered that inhibition of either fucosylation or O-glycosylation sensitize enteroids to CT-intoxication. This can either be a consequence of the removal of fucosylated “decoy-like-ligands” binding to CTB’s non-canonical site and/or increase in the availability of Gal/GalNAc-terminating glycoconjugates binding to the canonical site. Furthermore, simultaneous inhibition of fucosylation and O-glycosylation increased the availability of additional Gal/GalNAc-terminating glycoconjugates but counteracted the sensitization in CT intoxication caused by inhibiting O-glycosylation because of reduction in fucose. This implies a dual role of fucose as a functional glycan and a decoy, the interplay of which influences CT binding and intoxication. Finally, while the results were similar for enteroids from different donors, they were not identical, pointing to a role for human genetic variation in determining sensitivity to CT.
5. Martha Finnemore’s National Interests in International Society
Authors: Chowdhury Arjun
Published: August 2023

Critiquing the Canon: International Relations Theory considers canonical ideas and thinkers within International Relations and locates them within their historical and geopolitical contexts. Each chapter is dedicated to a particular thinker, and encourages students to explore the limitations of the canon, supporting the decolonizing of our understanding. Pedagogical features include author tutorial videos and end-of-chapter questions to prompt students to develop their own voice and perspective on international relations.
2. Socrates, Plato, and Sojourner Truth
Authors: Longo Patrizia
Published: August 2023

This chapter examines the concepts of knowledge, education, and politics in the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Sojourner Truth through a gender and racial lens. Race, gender, and class are often factors of exclusion in philosophy, and they are interrelated: philosophical justifications for the superiority of one group over another have been influenced by and have in turn reinforced racist, sexist, and classist biases. Contrary to Socrates and Plato, Truth maintained that equality is foundational to justice. In her speeches, she addressed the need for racial and sexual equality, for the franchise for Black people and women. Truth’s critique of racism, sexism, and classism reverberates today in societies that may have eliminated legal discrimination against women and minorities but still maintain it de facto.
11. Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu
Authors: Ramgotra Manjeet
Published: August 2023

This chapter examines the political theory and writings of French Enlightenment thinker, Montesquieu. It contends that Montesquieu’s constitutional theory of the separation of powers promoted a strong government which advanced individual freedom, maintained internal stability against absolutism and populism, and allowed the state to expand its boundaries at a moment in history when European powers were fighting each other to establish colonial empires across the world. The chapter presents the contexts in which he composed The Spirit of the Laws (1748), and then discusses Montesquieu’s typology of governments and considers the various notions of time and progress that undergird his view of how the various constitutions in the world are ordered. Finally, the chapter looks at commerce, peace, colonialism, and slavery, bringing to light the tensions and contradictions in Montesquieu’s thought.
13. Karl Marx
Authors: Choat Simon
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on the works of Karl Marx from 1845 onwards, because it is in those works that the theories and concepts for which he is best known were developed. It begins by explaining Marx’s materialist conception of history, mainly through the manuscripts published posthumously as The German Ideology (originally co-authored 1845–1846 with Friedrich Engels) and the 1859 ‘Preface’. The chapter explores some of Marx’s main concepts, including mode of production, class struggle, and ideology. The chapter then turns to Marx’s critical analysis of the capitalist mode of production, especially as found in the Communist Manifesto (1848, with Engels) and Capital Volume One (1867). Finally, it examines Marx’s views on the state and contrasts them with those of his anarchist contemporaries. While acknowledging Marx’s weaknesses, especially with respect to the analysis of race and gender, the chapter defends his continuing relevance.
16. Edward W. Said
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: August 2023

This chapter studies the major intellectual contributions of Edward Said, many of which laid the foundations for what would become the field of postcolonial studies. It begins by exploring Said’s views on how knowledge and power structure relations between Western imperial powers and non-Western states and societies, through critical readings of Orientalism (1978) and Culture and Imperialism (1993), respectively. The chapter then looks at Said’s writings and activism as a spokesperson for Palestinian self-determination. It also examines Said’s views on what it means to be a public intellectual. While Said’s ideas have become so influential, the apparent familiarity of his ideas has allowed a forgetting of the nuance and complexity with which they were originally articulated. By offering a close re-reading of Said’s best-known texts, the chapter encourages a more careful appreciation of the ideas that were central to his political thinking.
17. Catharine Macaulay and Edmund Burke
Authors: Coffee Alan
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses the contrasting philosophies of Catharine Macaulay and Edmund Burke regarding the fundamental nature of political society and the approaches to take on reform. Macaulay’s philosophy revolves around the core ideal of freedom as independence from arbitrary control. Additionally, Macaulay’s work recognized that people’s beliefs are shaped by the social environment but could be manipulated by elites. On the other hand, Burke’s philosophical beliefs are organic, contextual, and pragmatic while addressing the complexity and range of social considerations and human motivations that contribute to a viable and productive state. However, Burke’s philosophy could be challenged as to whether he provides protection against possible abuse of power or not. The chapter also covers the weakness in their philosophical works while considering equal citizenship rights for women and minority social groups.
20. Zhang Taiyan
Authors: Longo Patrizia
Published: August 2023

This chapter looks at Zhang Taiyan’s political theory, revolving around revolution and nationalism. It describes how Zhang tried to build a new politics based on a new universality that does not extinguish particularity. Buddhism influenced most of Zhang’s anti-Manchu propaganda and political theory. The chapter then explains how the ideas of Zhang’s Buddhist political theory are picked up by the post-war Japanese intellectual Takeuchi Yoshimi. It explores the goal of pan-Asianism to negate the West and take Western values to a higher level. Takeuchi and Zhang tried to create a new universality by confronting the West through an anti-imperialist nationalist struggle.
29. Immanuel Kant
Authors: Sandford Stella
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on Immanuel Kant’s political writings and their influence on the history of Western philosophy. It critically examines the major problems in Kant’s political thought, such as its relation to Eurocentrism and the racial theory of development. But also, this chapter explains the main tenets of Kant’s philosophy including the practical and theoretical parts, transcendental idealism, and the categorical imperative. The theoretical part of Kant’s philosophy explains the metaphysical and deals with the natural world, while the practical part addresses human action. It further examines, his political philosophy, including universal history and the metaphysical foundations of political theory. The chapter then turns considers the impact of Kant’s philosophy as well as its problems, notably in relation to ideal and non-ideal theory.
37. Dipesh Chakrabarty
Authors: Nag Eva-Maria
Published: August 2023

This chapter presents an overview of Dipesh Chakrabarty’s contribution to political thinking that is concerned with the human condition in the age of climate change. The chapter examines Chakrabarty’s argument that human-centred ways of thinking about the world and humanity are no longer appropriate. Moreover, Chakrabarty makes the case for bringing together natural and human history; for humans having become a geological force upon the planet; for capitalism having only a limited role in climate change; and for a new focus on planetary history, not merely human history. This chapter presents, Chakrabarty as a postcolonial historian and political thinker and then examines his conceptualization of the Anthropocene as a new historical and planetary era. This chapter further explores the complex connections between freedom, capitalism, and climate change. Chakrabarty insists the era of climate change needs new political perspectives beyond critiques of capitalism, colonialism, and globalization.
39. Indigenous Ecologies
Authors: Murdock Esme G.
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses Indigenous philosophies which, it argues, have intertwined ecological and political relations. It gives an overview of the key tenets of Indigenous thinking and compares them to prominent features of Western industrial thinking. Indigenous ecologies are deeply associated with the more-than-human world and how Indigenous people construct and craft their governance systems, which aim to be balanced and reciprocal. According to Anishinaabe scholar and activist Winona LaDuke, the principles of Indigenous thinking range between the pre-eminence of natural law, understanding time as cyclical, reciprocity with nature, creation of languages, and the economic organization of Indigenous societies. The chapter explores the interruptions and disruptions to Indigenous ecologies and governance systems through examining colonization, racialized and gendered violence.
Identification of blood protein biomarkers associated with prostate cancer risk using genetic prediction models: analysis of over 140,000 subjects
Authors: Zhong Hua , Zhu Jingjing , Liu Shuai , Ghoneim Dalia H , Surendran Praveen , Liu Tao , Fahle Sarah , Butterworth Adam , Ashad Alam Md , Deng Hong-Wen , Yu Herbert , Wu Chong , Wu Lang
Published: August 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) brings huge public health burden in men. A growing number of conventional observational studies report associations of multiple circulating proteins with PCa risk. However, the existing findings may be subject to incoherent biases of conventional epidemiologic studies. To better characterize their associations, herein, we evaluated associations of genetically predicted concentrations of plasma proteins with PCa risk. We developed comprehensive genetic prediction models for protein levels in plasma. After testing 1308 proteins in 79 194 cases and 61 112 controls of European ancestry included in the consortia of BPC3, CAPS, CRUK, PEGASUS, and PRACTICAL, 24 proteins showed significant associations with PCa risk, including 16 previously reported proteins and eight novel proteins. Of them, 14 proteins showed negative associations and 10 showed positive associations with PCa risk. For 18 of the identified proteins, potential functional somatic changes of encoding genes were detected in PCa patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Genes encoding these proteins were significantly involved in cancer-related pathways. We further identified drugs targeting the identified proteins, which may serve as candidates for drug repurposing for treating PCa. In conclusion, this study identifies novel protein biomarker candidates for PCa risk, which may provide new perspectives on the etiology of PCa and improve its therapeutic strategies.
High order approximations of the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process semigroup using random grids
Authors: Alfonsi Aurélien , Lombardo Edoardo
Published: August 2023

We present new high order approximations schemes for the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process that are obtained by using a recent technique developed by Alfonsi and Bally (2021, A generic construction for high order approximation schemes of semigroups using random grids. Numer. Math., 148, 743–793) for the approximation of semigroups. The idea consists in using a suitable combination of discretization schemes calculated on different random grids to increase the order of convergence. This technique coupled with the second order scheme proposed by Alfonsi (2010, High order discretization schemes for the CIR process: application to affine term structure and Heston models. Math. Comp., 79, 209–237) for the CIR leads to weak approximations of order $2k$, for all $k\in{{\mathbb{N}}}^{\ast }$. Despite the singularity of the square-root volatility coefficient, we show rigorously this order of convergence under some restrictions on the volatility parameters. We illustrate numerically the convergence of these approximations for the CIR process and for the Heston stochastic volatility model and show the computational time gain they give.
Numerical approximation of singular-degenerate parabolic stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Baňas Ľubomír , Gess Benjamin , Vieth Christian
Published: August 2023

We study a general class of singular degenerate parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) that include, in particular, the stochastic porous medium equations and the stochastic fast diffusion equation. We propose a fully discrete numerical approximation of the considered SPDEs based on the very weak formulation. By exploiting the monotonicity properties of the proposed formulation we prove the convergence of the numerical approximation towards the unique solution. Furthermore, we construct an implementable finite element scheme for the spatial discretization of the very weak formulation and provide numerical simulations to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed discretization.
Digital Norm Contestation and Feminist Foreign Policy
Authors: Aggestam Karin , Rosamond Annika Bergman , Hedling Elsa
Published: August 2023

This article examines the role of digital norm contestation in feminist foreign policy (FFP). It analyzes how states that participate in digital diplomacy are involved in challenging and resisting norms, values and expectations related to feminist positionings in the digital environment. The article presents an analytical framework for the study of digital norm contestation and conducts an empirical case study of Sweden as the first country in the world to brand its foreign policy “feminist.” This triggered a process of digital norm contestation, particularly visible in the area of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Three empirical vignettes of digital norm contestation are analyzed. The first example illustrates how the Swedish government was able to exercise global leadership to visually perform and digitally advocate the contestation of the US global gag rule. The second example underlines how the Swedish government harnessed its leadership by connecting it to grassroots contestations of the global gag rule through digital advocacy networks. The third example illuminates how the Swedish government’s visit to Iran backfired because of a lost sense of control over visual performative effects in the digital environment. By way of conclusion, we suggest three avenues that can be pursued to further the research agenda on gender, digital norm contestation, and foreign policy.
Prevalence and associated factors of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy in a large French population-based study during the 2010–19 period
Authors: Tran Anh , Zureik Mahmoud , Sibiude Jeanne , Drouin Jérôme , Miranda Sara , Weill Alain , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Duval Xavier , Tubiana Sarah
Published: August 2023

Background

Although bacterial infections are frequent during pregnancy, the prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women represents a challenge for physicians, driven by the benefit–risk balance.

Objectives

To assess the extent of prenatal antibiotic exposure and its associated factors.

Methods

This study included pregnancies in the National Mother-Child EPI-MERES Register 2010–19 (built from the French Healthcare Data System) regardless of outcome. Antibiotic exposure was defined as having at least one antibiotic prescription filled during pregnancy. The prevalence of pregnancies exposed to antibiotics was estimated. Univariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to compare the number of antibiotic prescriptions filled during pregnancy and the period after pregnancy with the period 1 year before pregnancy. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to investigate factors associated with antibiotic exposure during pregnancy.

Results

Among 9 769 764 pregnancies, 3 501 294 (35.8%) were exposed to antibiotics and amoxicillin was the most common. Compared with a similar period 1 year before pregnancy, the number of filled antibiotic prescriptions was lower during pregnancy [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.903 (95% CI 0.902–0.905)] and during the period 1 year after pregnancy [IRR 0.880 (95% CI 0.879–0.881)]. Region of residence, deprivation index, smoking-related conditions and chronic diseases (especially chronic respiratory diseases) were associated with antibiotic exposure during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prescriptions are filled less frequently during pregnancy than during the preceding year. This may be due to a more relevant benefit–risk assessment. Pregnant women living with social deprivation, those with smoking-related conditions and those with chronic diseases are more likely to fill antibiotic prescriptions.
Alterations in ileal transcriptomics during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows fed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product identify potential regulatory processes
Authors: Jiang Qianming , Palombo Valentino , Sherlock Danielle N , Vailati-Riboni Mario , D’Andrea Mariasilvia , Yoon Ilkyu , Loor Juan J
Published: August 2023

Stressors such as lack of access to feed, hot temperatures, transportation, and pen changes can cause impairment of ruminal and intestinal barrier function, also known as “leaky gut”. Despite the known benefits of some nutritional approaches during periods of stress, little is understood regarding the underlying mechanisms, especially in dairy cows. We evaluated the effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on the ileal transcriptome in response to feed restriction (FR), an established model to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction. Multiparous cows [97.1 ± 7.6 days in milk (DIM); n = 5/group] fed a control diet or control plus 19 g/d SCFP for 9 wk were subjected to an FR challenge for 5 d during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. All cows were slaughtered at the end of FR, and ileal scrapping RNA was used for RNAseq (NovaSeq 6000, 100 bp read length). Statistical analysis was performed in R and bioinformatics using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO databases. One thousand six hundred and ninety-six differentially expressed genes (DEG; FDR-adjusted P ≤ 0.10) were detected in SCFP vs. control, with 451 upregulated and 1,245 downregulated. “Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis” was the top downregulated KEGG pathway due to downregulation of genes catalyzing glycosylation of mucins (GCNT3, GALNT5, B3GNT3, GALNT18, and GALNT14). An overall downregulation of cell and tissue structure genes (e.g., extracellular matrix proteins) associated with collagen (COL6A1, COL1A1, COL4A1, COL1A2, and COL6A2), laminin (LAMB2), and integrins (ITGA8, ITGA2, and ITGA5) also were detected with SCFP. A subset of DEG enriched in the GO term “extracellular exosome” and “extracellular space”. Chemokines within “Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways” such as CCL16, CCL21, CCL14, CXCL12, and CXCL14 were downregulated by SCFP. The “Glutathione metabolism” pathway was upregulated by SCFP, including GSTA1 and RRM2B among the top upregulated genes, and GSTM1 and GPX8 as top downregulated genes. There were 9 homeobox transcription factors among the top 50 predicted transcription factors using the RNAseq DEG dataset, underscoring the importance of cell differentiation as a potential target of dietary SCFP. Taken together, SCFP downregulated immune-, ECM-, and mucin synthesis-related genes during FR. Homeobox transcription factors appear important for the transcriptional response of SCFP.
Genetic parameters for behavioral and growth traits of Nellore cattle
Authors: Freitas Anielly P , Lima Maria Lúcia P , Simili Flávia F , Schenkel Flávio S , Faro Lenira E , Santana Mario L , Paz Claudia Cristina P
Published: August 2023

The growing concern of consumers with the welfare of production animals searches welfare in a production system extremely important; thus, the study of animal temperament is necessary to select less excitable temperament animals resulting in healthy development and fewer accidents. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to animal temperament and growth traits of Nellore cattle. In addition to exploring the genetic pattern of these traits through cluster and principal component analysis (PCA), to reveal possible groups of individuals that express less excitable temperament and greater growth. A total of 2,332 measurements from 1,245 male and female Nellore cattle born between 2008 and 2016 were utilized in the study. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using a two-trait animal model. The heritability for temperament score (TS), flight speed (FS), body condition score (BCS), live weight (LW), and hip height (HH) were 0.08, 0.12, 0.06, 0.13, and 0.48, respectively. The genetic correlation between the temperament indicator traits was strong and positive (0.78 ± 0.24). The TS and FS showed a favorable or null genetic correlation with LW, BCS, and HH. The third cluster included animals with low EBV for TS and FS and with high EBV for BCS, LW, and HH. In the PCA, the PC1 was what best evidenced the aim of this study; thus, our findings suggest that we could explore select animals based on cluster 3 and PC1 in breeding programs to select Nellore cattle with less excitable temperament and greater growth.
Histamine excretion in common indoor and hematophagous arthropods
Authors: Principato Simona , Romero Alvaro , Lee Chow-Yang , Campbell Kathleen , Choe Dong-Hwan , Schal Coby , DeVries Zachary
Published: August 2023

Histamine is a biogenic amine that regulates multiple physiological functions in diverse organisms, specifically playing a central role in the mammalian immune response. The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), excretes histamine in large amounts in its feces as a component of its aggregation pheromone, which contaminates homes. The potential health risks associated with the presence of indoor histamine are unclear, but to predict future exposure risks, it is critical that we understand if other arthropods excrete histamine in any discernible phylogenetic pattern. In the present study, we evaluated histamine excretion by various arthropods; specifically those commonly found in large numbers indoors, other hematophagous species, and other species in the order Hemiptera. To evaluate arthropods for histamine excretion, rearing containers for each arthropod were swabbed and/or the harborage substrates were collected. Samples were then analyzed for the presence of histamine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. For those arthropods where histamine was present above the method detection limit, total histamine excretion was quantified over a period of 2 wk. Our results indicate that histamine excretion is limited to hematophagous hemipterans (bed bugs, bat bugs, tropical bed bugs, and kissing bugs), suggesting that indoor histamine contamination in the United States can be primarily linked to bed bugs.
Comparative Analysis of Whole Blood Infusion Effects: Assessing LifeFlow Versus Pressure Bag in a Sus scrofa Model
Authors: Mancha Fabiola , Martinez Melody A , Sifuentes Dayana , Mendez Jessica , Arana Allyson A , Maddry Joseph K , Schauer Steven G
Published: August 2023

Background

To improve survival for hemorrhagic shock treatment, guidelines emphasize two patient care priorities: (1) immediate hemorrhage control and (2) early resuscitation with whole blood or blood products. The LifeFlow device is designed to rapidly infuse blood products. However, the effects of using this device compared to pressure-bag systems remain unclear. We hypothesize that there will be no laboratory-measured difference with the blood when infused through the LifeFlow versus the current standard pressure bag system.

Methods

Two units of fresh whole blood were obtained from a sus scrofa model. One unit was “infused” using the LifeFlow with the other unit used as a control through a standard pressure bag system into an empty bag. The “before” measurements were obtained from blood samples from a standard fresh whole blood collection bag. The blood was “infused” into a whole blood bag devoid of storage solution from which the “after” measurements were obtained.

Results

This study utilized 22 clinically healthy sus scrofa. Blood units were primarily obtained from a left subclavian central line (50.0%). The median time to acquire and administer a unit of blood was similar for both the LifeFlow device (8.4 min and 8.1 min) and the pressure bag (8.7 min and 7.4 min). No significant differences were found in the total time to acquire or administer blood between the two devices. The median volume of blood acquired was 500 mL for both groups. While no significant differences in blood parameters were observed between the two devices, significant differences were noted when comparing pre- and post-transfusion values within each device. For the LifeFlow device, an increase in hemoglobin and chloride levels and a decrease in thromboplastin time and glucose levels were observed. With the pressure bag, only a decrease in blood urea nitrogen was observed.

Conclusions

In comparing the LifeFlow to the pressure bag, there were no significant differences noted in the total time to acquire or administer a whole unit of blood. However, there were differences with several laboratory parameters of unclear clinical significance.
Growth-dependent Gene Expression Variation Influences the Strength of Codon Usage Biases
Authors: Johnson Mackenzie M , Hockenberry Adam J , McGuffie Matthew J , Vieira Luiz Carlos , Wilke Claus O
Published: August 2023

The most highly expressed genes in microbial genomes tend to use a limited set of synonymous codons, often referred to as “preferred codons.” The existence of preferred codons is commonly attributed to selection pressures on various aspects of protein translation including accuracy and/or speed. However, gene expression is condition-dependent and even within single-celled organisms transcript and protein abundances can vary depending on a variety of environmental and other factors. Here, we show that growth rate-dependent expression variation is an important constraint that significantly influences the evolution of gene sequences. Using large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data sets in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we confirm that codon usage biases are strongly associated with gene expression but highlight that this relationship is most pronounced when gene expression measurements are taken during rapid growth conditions. Specifically, genes whose relative expression increases during periods of rapid growth have stronger codon usage biases than comparably expressed genes whose expression decreases during rapid growth conditions. These findings highlight that gene expression measured in any particular condition tells only part of the story regarding the forces shaping the evolution of microbial gene sequences. More generally, our results imply that microbial physiology during rapid growth is critical for explaining long-term translational constraints.
Overcoming diagnostic challenges in desmoplastic fibroma of the scapula: a rare case report
Authors: Razavipour Mehran , Akhlaghi Hadi , Abdollahi Amirsaleh
Published: August 2023

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is an aggressive benign tumor that commonly affects long tubular bones. Also, the skull, mandible, pelvis and spine involvement have been reported. However, its occurrence in the scapula is extremely rare. In this case report, we present the challenging diagnosis and successful treatment of DF in a 27-year-old woman who had been experiencing worsening pain in her right shoulder for 5 years. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lucent, trabeculated and expansile infiltrative lesion, disrupting the posterior cortex and extended to the posterior soft tissue. After ruling out malignancy through a core needle biopsy, the patient underwent wide surgical resection of the tumor, which involved a hemi-scapulectomy. And histologic diagnosis consistent with DF, no postoperative radiation was administered. Remarkably, the patient became pain-free just 2 weeks after surgery. Follow-up examinations, X-rays and computed tomography scans conducted 6 weeks, 6 months and 18 months after surgery revealed no signs of recurrence.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and diabetic ketoacidosis in fulminant type 1 diabetes: a case report
Authors: Sato Motoya , Toyoshima Kenji , Tamura Yoshiaki , Araki Atsushi
Published: August 2023

A 41-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department with a 3-day history of upper abdominal pain. We diagnosed her with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after laboratory tests indicated a blood glucose level of 569 mg/dL, positive urine ketone bodies and metabolic acidosis. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed free gas surrounding the porta hepatis and gastric pylorus, which disappeared on the subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated no perforations; therefore, we assumed that the free gas was caused by spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. The patient had fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, as evidenced by her glycated hemoglobin A1c level of 6.9%, reduced insulin secretion and negative islet-specific autoantibodies. Pneumoperitoneum did not recur with conservative treatment, and DKA improved with intravenous fluids and insulin administration. Conservative management of DKA with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum may be considered if the patient’s general condition is stable and there are no signs of peritoneal irritation.