bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of copper tolerantXanthomonas citrisubsp.citriand genotypic comparison with sensitive and resistant strains
Authors: Marin T. G. S. , Galvanin A. L. , Lanza F. E. , Behlau F.
Published: March 2019

The copper‐based products widely used for control of citrus canker may lead to the development ofXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri(X. citri) resistant to copper (CuR). However, the study of copper sensitivity ofX. citristrains from Paraná state, Brazil, did not reveal the existence of CuR, but copper tolerant (CuT) strains. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time the existence of CuTX. citriand compare the genetic determinants that differentiate the CuTstrains from the sensitive (CuS) and CuRstrains. CuTstrains supported intermediate concentrations of copper in comparison to CuSand CuR. CuTstrains lack the gene clusterscopLABorcopABCDresponsible for copper resistance in CuRstrains and the large plasmids (c. ≥200 kb) that normally carry these genes. The nucleotide sequences of chromosomal homologous genescohLAB, involved in copper homeostasis, were 100% similar in strains of all phenotypes. CuTstrains differed from CuSstrains by the higher expression of the homologous chromosomal genescohAandcohBin the presence of copper. CuTX. citristrains are not precursors of CuRstrains and do not pose a threat to the efficient use of copper‐based bactericides for management of citrus canker in citrus orchards. Copper resistance and tolerance are distinct phenotypes and should not be used as synonyms. The proper characterization of the sensitivity to copper leads to a more confident monitoring of the distribution of copper resistant populations ofX. citriand adoption of containment measures only when necessary.
Immobilization of Dextranase Using Anionic Natural Polymer Alginate as a Matrix for the Degradation of a Long-Chain Biopolymer (Dextran)
Authors: Shahid Faiza , Aman Afsheen , Qader Shah Ali Ul
Published: March 2019

Alginate is an inexpensive, nontoxic, valuable biopolymer utilized in the study for the immobilization of commercially applicable biocatalyst dextranase. Dextranase was immobilized by an entrapment method, and alginate hydrogel spheres were synthesized after optimizing several parameters. A sodium alginate concentration of 4.0% was noticed to be suitable along with a calcium chloride concentration of 0.2 molar after providing a curing time of 20 minutes. After comparing the characteristics of the entrapped enzyme with those of the soluble one, it was observed that the characteristics were more or less the same except for the change in reaction time which was noticed to be prolonged in the case of entrapped dextranase while the change in temperature and pH optima was not observed. The variation inVmaxandKmvalues of dextranase after entrapment was also noted. However, after extensive stability examination studies, it was found that dextranase became more stable after entrapment; as a result, it retained more than 50% of its original activity at elevated temperature even after exposure for about 2.0 hours. The reusability of dextranase was up to 7.0 cycles after performing catalytic activity under constant condition.
Hydrospatial Modelling and Simulations for Assessing the Irrigation Canal Conveyance Losses
Authors: Kulkarni A. A. , Nagarajan R.
Published: March 2019

Since last few decades, the extensive underutilization has been found in canal irrigation. This issue constitutes the serious lacuna in irrigational planning which often depicts the major problem about optimal water use. As per FAO Aquastat 2015 records for India, out of 91% of water utilized for agriculture purpose, 45% is getting lost under different types of conveyance losses from dam headworks till farms. The conveyance losses constitute the seepage and evaporation losses. Out of these, seepage is a quite significant loss in most of the water conveyance systems. Estimating conveyance losses using physical methods is quite difficult and involves lots of field work and calculations, whereas empirical and analytical methods will not accommodate site condition of respective study area. This study attempted to assess the conveyance loss of Dudhganga Right Bank Main canal with the help of a hydraulic model built on a spatial platform and verified with flow-monitoring events. The hydrospatial model was simulated to understand the canal behaviour and evaluate the conveyance losses. The results show Dudhganga Right Bank Main canal has average 39.96% water conveyance loss.
Deep Learning-Based GNSS Network-Based Real-Time Kinematic Improvement for Autonomous Ground Vehicle Navigation
Authors: Kim Hee-Un , Bae Tae-Suk
Published: March 2019

Much navigation over the last several decades has been aided by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In addition, with the advent of the multi-GNSS era, more and more satellites are available for navigation purposes. However, the navigation is generally carried out by point positioning based on the pseudoranges. The real-time kinematic (RTK) and the advanced technology, namely, the network RTK (NRTK), were introduced for better positioning and navigation. Further improved navigation was also investigated by combining other sensors such as the inertial measurement unit (IMU). On the other hand, a deep learning technique has been recently evolving in many fields, including automatic navigation of the vehicles. This is because deep learning combines various sensors without complicated analytical modeling of each individual sensor. In this study, we structured the multilayer recurrent neural networks (RNN) to improve the accuracy and the stability of the GNSS absolute solutions for the autonomous vehicle navigation. Specifically, the long short-term memory (LSTM) is an especially useful algorithm for time series data such as navigation with moderate speed of platforms. From an experiment conducted in a testing area, the LSTM algorithm developed the positioning accuracy by about 40% compared to GNSS-only navigation without any external bias information. Once the bias is taken care of, the accuracy will significantly be improved up to 8 times better than the GNSS absolute positioning results. The bias terms of the solution need to be estimated within the model by optimizing the layers as well as the nodes each layer, which should be done in further research.
Research on Water-Filled Source Identification Technology of Coal Seam Floor Based on Multiple Index Factors
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Yang Guang , Wang Qi , Wang Junzhi , Zhang Bo , Wang Jianwang
Published: March 2019

According to the No. 13 Mine of Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd., the fault dimension of the study area is calculated based on fractal theory. The four impact factors such as water inflow, water pressure, water inrush coefficient, and fault fractal dimension of 21 water boreholes are used as evaluation indices, and a mathematical model for identifying the water-filled source of the coal seam floor is established by coupling an entropy weight method and fuzzy variable set theory. The model is used to identify the water-filled source of 7 boreholes, which provide a reliable reference for the identification of the water-filled source. According to the calculation result of the entropy weight method, the water volume per unit of the borehole and the groundwater pressure have a significant impact on the water source identification, which accounts for 89.93% of the weight value. In the fuzzy variable set model, when the distance parameter p is 1 and the optimization criterion parameter α is 2, the accuracy of the water sample identification of the water source category to be identified is 85.71%, which is at a high recognition level. The more typical the impact factors selected and the more samples, the accuracy of water-filled source identification is much higher.
Repurposing of the Nootropic Drug Vinpocetine as an Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Evidence in a Mouse Model of Superoxide Anion-Triggered Inflammation
Authors: Lourenco-Gonzalez Yuri , Fattori Victor , Domiciano Talita P. , Rossaneis Ana C. , Borghi Sergio M. , Zaninelli Tiago H. , Bernardy Catia C. F. , Alves-Filho Jose C. , Cunha Thiago M. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Casagrande Rubia , Verri Waldiceu A.
Published: March 2019

Clinically active drugs for the treatment of acute pain have their prescription limited due to the significant side effects they induce. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to several conditions, including inflammation and pain processing. Therefore, new or repurposed drugs with the ability of reducing ROS-triggered responses are promising candidates for analgesic drugs. Vinpocetine is a clinically used nootropic drug with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, the effects of vinpocetine have not been investigated in a model with a direct relationship between ROS, inflammation, and pain. Based on that, we aimed to investigate the effects of vinpocetine in a model of superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation using potassium superoxide (KO2) as a superoxide anion donor to trigger inflammation and pain. In the KO2 model, vinpocetine dose-dependently reduced pain-like behaviors (spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia), paw edema, and neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment to the paw skin (assessed by H&E staining, fluorescence, and enzymatic assays) and to the peritoneal cavity. Vinpocetine also restored tissue endogenous antioxidant ability and Nrf2 and Ho-1 mRNA expression and reduced superoxide anion production and gp91phox mRNA expression. We also observed the inhibition of IκBα degradation by vinpocetine, which demonstrates a reduction in the activation of NF-κB explaining the diminished production of IL-33, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Collectively, our data show that vinpocetine alleviates pain and inflammation induced by KO2, which is a mouse model with a direct role of ROS in triggering pain and other inflammatory phenomena. Thus, the results suggest the repurposing of vinpocetine as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug.
Anti-GAPDH Autoantibody Is Associated with Increased Disease Activity and Intracranial Pressure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Li Xue , Zhou Haotian , Liu Xiaoyun , Jia Jingjing , Xie Qizhi , Peng Sijia , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Qingwen , Yi Li
Published: March 2019

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune disease characterized by multiorgan involvement. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most devastating complications of SLE, which lacks efficient diagnostic biomarkers. The recent studies on the anti-GAPDH autoantibodies suggested its potential pathogenic roles in NPSLE. However, the clinical relevance of the anti-GAPDH autoantibodies in patients with SLE is still elusive. In this study, we sought to determine the serum levels of the anti-GAPDH autoantibodies in patients with SLE to investigate the clinical significance of the anti-GAPDH autoantibodies in SLE. Methods. Concentrations of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase autoantibodies (anti-GAPDH autoantibodies) in the serum of 130 SLE patients and 55 healthy individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the 130 SLE patients, 95 were SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms and 35 had NPSLE. White blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT), IgG, IgA, IgM, anti-dsDNA, C3, C4, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), RF, anti-cardiolipin (Acl), ANA, AnuA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, β2-GPI, urinalysis, and 24 h urine protein were measured by standard laboratory techniques. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index scores were evaluated accordingly. Results. The serum levels of the anti-GAPDH autoantibodies were significantly elevated in the SLE patients, especially in the patients with NPSLE (P=0.0011). Elevated serum anti-GAPDH was correlated with increased SLEDAI-2K (P=0.017), ESR, IgG, and IgM and associated with increased intracranial pressure and incidence of cerebrovascular lesions, but it was protective for seizure disorder incidence. Conclusions. Serum anti-GAPDH autoantibody was increased in both groups of SLE patients with or without neuropsychiatric symptoms and associated with disease severity. It could become an indicator of tissue damages in the brain for the future clinical practice.
Poezja i antypoezja. Komentarze do Psalmu 120 a strategia przekładu
Authors: Brzozowski Jerzy
Published: March 2019

Poetry and Anti-Poetry: A Commentary to Psalm 120 and Translation StrategyThe main purpose of this paper dedicated to those Polish Bible scholars who seem to ignore new achievements of the theory of translation is to show that a conscious definition of the translation strategy (most notably, its scopos and its projected reader) is a capital issue in the Bible translation studies. The author aims to convince persons who may not be devoted admirers of poetry – a frequent case among Bible scholars – that poetry should not anymore be considered merely a “beautiful form” supplementing the omnipotent sense anymore. In his analysis of the first and successive editions of the Millenium Bible the author criticizes the commentaries to the Psalms which he calls “antipoetic” and therefore dissonant with the translated texts.
Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) Extract Gel Do Not Heal Skin Excisional Wound on Balb/c Mice
Authors: Rezano Andri , Zhalfani Siregar Thifal Indra , Maliki Adi Santosa , Juwita Adha Melia , Hanum Listya
Published: March 2019

Caesalpinia sappan has been studied for its biological activities in the wound healing process. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the wound healing activity of sappanwood extract in an excisional wound of Balb/c mice. Animal experiments were designated with, positive control group, negative control group, and three groups of treatment (G1, G2 and G3). The groups consist of povidone iodine ointment, blank gel, 5%, 30%, 90% concentration of sappanwood extract gel, respectively. All groups were applied topically on the surface of the biopsy wound once daily for 10 days. The wounds of the 2nd, 8th and 10th day of treatment were observed and measured. There was a significant difference from each group on day 2, 6 and 10 after wound induction (p=0,001, p=0,001 and p=0,006). The tendency of wound closure happened in positive group control, negative group control and G1. Negative control group showed the highest percentage of wound closure amongst all groups. Meanwhile, in G2 and G3 showed less percentage of closure and healing compared to the others. Despite there is a tendency of ethanolic C. sappan extract gels to the wound healing, administration of C. sappan extract gels topically do not heal the skin excisional wound.
Glenoid loosening and migration in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Lädermann A. , Schwitzguebel A. J. , Edwards T. B. , Godeneche A. , Favard L. , Walch G. , Sirveaux F. , Boileau P. , Gerber C.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of different treatment options for glenoid loosening following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) at a minimum follow-up of two years.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively studied the records of 79 patients (19 men, 60 women; 84 shoulders) aged 70.4 years (21 to 87) treated for aseptic loosening of the glenosphere following RSA. Clinical evaluation included pre- and post-treatment active anterior elevation (AAE), external rotation, and Constant score.

Results

From the original cohort, 29 shoulders (35%) were treated conservatively, 27 shoulders (32%) were revised by revision of the glenosphere, and 28 shoulders (33%) were converted to hemiarthroplasty. At last follow-up, conservative treatment and glenoid revision significantly improved AAE, total Constant score, and pain, while hemiarthroplasty did not improve range of movement or clinical scores. Multivariable analysis confirmed that conservative treatment and glenoid revision achieved similar improvements in pain (glenoid revision vs conservative, beta 0.44; p = 0.834) but that outcomes were significantly worse following hemiarthroplasty (beta -5.00; p = 0.029).

Conclusion

When possible, glenoid loosening after RSA should first be treated conservatively, then by glenosphere revision if necessary, and last by salvage hemiarthroplasty Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:461–469.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two Indonesian local cattle breeds based on cytochrome b gene sequences
Authors: HARTATIK TETY , HARIYONO DWI NUR HAPPY , ADINATA YUDI
Published: March 2019

Hartatik T, Hariyono DNH, Adinata Y. 2019. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two Indonesian local cattle breeds based on cytochrome b gene sequences. Biodiversitas 20: 17-22. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of two Indonesian local cattle breeds (Pasundan and Pacitan cattle) were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (cyt b) gene analysis. Partial sequences of cyt b gene, 404 bp in length, were determined for 21 individuals from the two breeds. Genetic diversity of the breeds was assessed based on the number of polymorphic sites, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and average number of differences. In addition, a neighbour-joining (NJ) haplotype tree was constructed based on Kimura’s two-parameter model. Among the two breeds, haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Pacitan cattle were the highest with values of 0.3778 and 0.00099, respectively. In contrast, Pasundan cattle had the lowest value for haplotype (0.1818) and nucleotide (0.00045) diversity. Four haplotypes (Hap_16, Hap_17, Hap_18 and Hap_19) were found across the two breeds and around 85.71% of investigated individuals were classified as Hap_16. Phylogenetic analysis with the inclusion of the cyt b sequences from 39 cattle breeds from Genbank database, showed that Indonesian cattle made a separated lineage together with Bos javanicus, B. bison, and B. bonasus. Pasundan and Pacitan cattle were considered from the same lineage based on haplotype distribution as well as phylogenetic analysis. This study may help the future researchers and livestock breeders for designing a breeding program based on a better understanding of the genetic diversity and history of local breeds.
Bamboo diversity of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: ERVIANTI DITA , WIDJAJA ELIZABETH A. , SEDAYU AGUNG
Published: March 2019

Ervianti D, Widjaja EA, Sedayu A. 2019. Bamboo diversity of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 91-109. Bamboo is one of the important plants in the world. Beside their economic important, bamboo also plays an important role in the environment for climate change. The purpose of this study was to inventory the bamboo diversity in Sulawesi. The methodology used in this study is by observing herbarium specimens kept in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and field experience by the second author (EAW). The result showed that there are 39 species of 12 genera in Sulawesi, i.e. Bambusa blumeana, B. glaucophylla, B. maculata, B. multiplex, B. tuldoides, B. vulgaris, Chloothamnus sp., Dendrocalamus asper, Dinochloa albociliata, D. aopaensis, D. barbata D. cordata, D. erecta, D. hirsuta, D. morowaliensis, D. petasiensis, D. pubiramea , D. truncata, Dinochloa sp.1, Dinochloa sp.2, Dinochloa sp.3, Dinochloa sp.4, Dinochloa sp.5, Dinochloa sp.6, Dinochloa sp.7, Dinochloa sp.8, Dinochloa sp.9, Fimbribambusa sp., Gigantochloa apus, G. atroviolacea, G. atter, Neololeba atra, Phyllostachys aurea, Racemobambos celebica, Schizostachyum brachycladum, S. latifolium, S. lima, Sphaerobambos subtilis, and Thyrsostachys siamensis. Identification keys and descriptions are presented. This data reported will be used as basic information for bamboo conservation and bamboo industry.
Short Communication: Bird species in the cement factory complex of Tarjun, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: KHALID RIEFANI MAULANA , ARIEF SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD , M. MUNIR ANDY
Published: March 2019

Riefani MK, Soendjoto MA, Munir AM. 2019. Bird species in the cement factory complex of Tarjun, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 218-225. The factory complex of PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk., Tarjun, South Kalimantan, Indonesia consists of cement manufacturing plants and employee settlements. Supporting facilities for the two main areas are open spaces in the form of waters (lakes, small rivers), grasslands (golf courses, grassy fields with several woody individuals growing on it), and forests (mangrove forests, secondary lowland forests, including shrubs). However, the data related to bird species that live in complex are not available yet. The purpose of this study was to inventory bird species in the ITP complex and to analyze qualitatively the presence of birds. These data will be used as a baseline for the development of the complex, comparative data for birds in the operational area of mining located 27 km outside the complex, and the completeness of the requirements for submitting a company performance rating (Proper). Birds were inventoried four periods between 2015-2016 at 06:00 - 08:00 and 16:30 - 18:00. The period here was treated as repetition. Observers equipped with binoculars and telephoto cameras walked around through footpaths and roads exploring the whole complex. In water and grassland areas, birds recorded can be at an observation distance of more than 50 m, whereas in forest areas, birds recorded were at a maximum distance of 50 m. A total of eighty-seven species and 41 families of birds were recorded. Of them, eighteen species and 8 families are waterbirds.The most recorded birds were classified as residents. All of the birds were recorded or observed easily every day or almost every day, at least at the research sites. Others (8 species) wee categorized as migratory birds. Fourteen species are protected by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry, the Republic of Indonesia No. P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018, 30 August 2018.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity among Fusarium isolates from cereals in Iran assessed using RAPD marker
Authors: SIAHPOUSH SARA , DARVISHNIA MOSTAFA
Published: March 2019

Siahpoush S, Darvishnia M. 2019. Short Communication: Genetic diversity among Fusarium isolates from cereals in Iran assessed using RAPD marker. Biodiversitas 20: 292-296. Fusarium species cause important disease on many crops including cereals, and accurate identification and then proper management of this disease will be helpful to reduce economic losses. In this paper, 13 Fusarium isolates from root and crown of cereals in western Iran were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-alpha revealed 8 species as follows: Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum, F. reticulatum, F. solani, and F. tricinctum. Species diversity was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Four primers were used as Rfu9, Rfu10, Rfu23, and Rfu25 which all of them produced distinct and reproducible bands. A dendrogram was developed by UPGMA. Generated polymorphic bands were observed in all 13 different species by 4 primers. Rfu9 by 13 bands and Rfu23 by 10 ones, produced the most and the least bands respectively. Genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.00-0.9. RAPD analysis showed that these isolates were genetically varied and two clusters were formed with Fusarium isolates.
Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia
Authors: ROBIANSYAH IYAN , DODO DODO , HAMIDI ARIEF
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Robiansyah I, Dodo, Hamidi A. 2019. Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 296-302. Kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) is an endemic tree found only in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Banten, Indonesia, and is classified as Endangered by IUCN Red List. To develop effective conservation measures of threatened plants, current information on population status and distribution of the species is needed. Thus in the present study, a targeted survey of kokoleceran was conducted in UKNP aiming at mapping the distribution of the species, measuring current population size and structure, assessing the habitat preferences, and identifying threats to the species. Using a non-random adaptive cluster sampling, a total of 27 clusters harboring 280 individuals of kokoleceran was located, of which 20 % were in mature stage. All these individuals were only found in Mount Payung and its surrounding areas, and formed an inverse-J-shaped population structure pattern. The species was estimated to have an area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of 8 km2. The invasive langkap palm (Arenga obtusifolia, Arecaceae) was identified as the main threat for kokoleceran. Based on these results, kokoleceran appears to more than justify its conservation status of Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v) +2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii).
Short Communication: A report on ranging behavior of Malayan flying lemurs, Galeopterus variegatus, in West Indonesia: Relationships with habitat characteristics
Authors: TSUJI YAMATO , PRAYITNO BAMBANG , TATEWAKI TAKAFUMI , ARUM WIDAYATI KANTHI
Published: March 2019

Tsuji Y, Prayitno B, Tatewaki T, Widayati KA, Suryobroto B. 2019. Short Communication: A report on ranging behavior of Malayan flying lemurs, Galeopterus variegatus, in West Indonesia: Relationships with habitat characteristics. Biodiversitas 20: 430-435. We attached GPS telemeters to wild Malayan flying lemurs, or colugos (Galeopterus variegatus) (n = 3, one adult male, one adult female, one juvenile male) in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia in August 2018, to preliminary evaluate their home range size and characteristics, paying special attention to relationships with forest structure. Home range sizes, generated from location points collected from 4 to 11 days, ranging from 1.2 to 5.4 ha (based on minimum convex polygon method) or from 1.3 to 4.2 ha (95% Kernel), which is much larger than home ranges of colugos inhabiting palm plantations. The home range sizes of adult colugos were larger than that of juvenile. The home ranges of an adult female and a juvenile overlapped. The generalized linear model demonstrated that the locations where the colugos stayed frequently possessed a small number of trees and/or had a single taller tree, and these effects were stronger than other factors. The home range preferences of colugos seem to be related to gliding effectiveness and/or predator avoidance. The mean gliding distances were 33 m, but sometimes reached > 250 m, and there were no significant differences among animals. Night time gliding frequency showed no clear difference between time periods. We confirmed the effectiveness of GPS telemetry for tracking colugo movements.
Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi
Authors: NGEZAHAYO FREDERIC , CLAUDE NGENDAKURIYO JEAN , BIZINDAVYI EMMANUEL , MBONIHANKUYE CYRILLE
Published: March 2019

Ngezahayo F, Ngendakuriyo Jc, Bizindavyi E, Mbonihankuye C. 2019. Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. Since crop cultivars represent a reservoir of genetic diversity; essential are the understanding and the utilization of genetic variation in tomato accessions for improving the crop. The objective of the present study was to characterize 4 tomato cultivars from the western Burundi by means of 8 agro-morphological traits that could be exploited for tomato crop improvement. Tanya and P20 cultivars showed the lowest plant height but the highest flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar. This was corroborated by a significant negative correlation between plant height and flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar in overall results. On the other hand, Floradel and Tengerou97 cultivars have the highest stem circumference and leaf number. Cluster analysis also showed almost four clusters corresponding to one cluster for each cultivar, though Tengerou97 and Floradel tend to be grouped together. Finally, principal component analysis showed that all the eight agro-morphological traits participated in grouping tomato cultivars; particularly flower number, fruit number, plant height, and yield per cultivar. The first three principal component axes accounted for 92.465% of total variation observed among tomato cultivars. Thus, the four cultivars should all be exploited in tomato breeding and improvement programs.
Pathognomonic features and ultrastructural of Koi Herpesvirus infected Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: WAHIDI BUDI RIANTO , YANUHAR UUN , MOHAMAD FADJAR MOHAMAD , ANDAYANI SRI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Wahidi BR, Yanuhar U, Fadjar M, Andayani A. 2019. Pathognomonic features and ultrastructural of Koi Herpesvirus infected Oreochromis niloticus. Biodiversitas 20: 497-503. Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) has caused considerable losses in the cultivation of the Cyprinidae family worldwide. In addition to infecting Cyprinidae, KHV can also infect other freshwater fish. This study reports histopathology and ultrastructural analysis of KHV that infect Nile tilapia. Although there are no specific clinical symptoms, pathognomonic indicating Nile tilapia fish has been infected with KHV have been found, i.e. through the formation of intranuclear inclusion body and cell swelling which essentially experience chromatin margination. In addition, histopathology results indicate changes or damage to other tilapia tissue, i.e. necrosis, hypertrophy, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation, congestion, degeneration, and apoptosis. These results indicate that KHV has been distributed and replicated in tilapia organs. Based on the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, KHV virions have been detected in the cytoplasm or outside the cells on a size of 150-170 nm.
Mercury levels and tolerable weekly intakes (TWI) of tuna and tuna-like species from the Southern Indian Ocean (Indonesia): Public health perspective
Authors: HANDAYANI TRI , MAARIF MOHAMAD SYAMSUL , RIANI ETTY , DJAZULI NAZORI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Handayani T, Maarif MS, Riani E, Djazuli N. 2019. Mercury levels and tolerable weekly intakes (TWI) of tuna and tuna-like species from the Southern Indian Ocean (Indonesia): Public health perspective. Biodiversitas 20: 504-509. Tuna and tuna-like species are essential sources of protein for much of the world and provide employment in areas where fishing and processing are concentrated, as well as their value are confirmed as extremely valuable. However, their benefits may be overshadowed by the presence of mercury. The main objectives of the study were to analyze mercury content in tuna and tuna-like caught from Southern Indian Ocean related to its correlation with the weight of fish. The method used was linear regression and tolerable weekly intake (TWI) calculation. Mercury levels in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) indicated significant variations with the level that ranged from 0.049 to 0.654 mg/kg across individual fish weight, while for tuna-like ranged from 0.014 to 1.908 mg/kg. All mercury levels in tuna not exceeded 1.0 mg/kg, while for tuna-like 7.3% (30 kg up), 27.3% (51 kg up) and 34% (51 kg up) for oilfish (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum), marlin (Makaira indica) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) were exceeded of 1.0 mg/kg respectively. TWI calculation indicates that people who are not in high-risk categories (most adult and adolescents) may consume about 1,000 g of tuna a week and less than for tuna-like.
Short Communication: Effect of different feed combination on the growth development of spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity
Authors: KAYADOE MARTHA , ROCHANA ANA , TANUWIRIA UJANG HIDAYAT , SINAGA SAULAND
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Kayadoe M, Rochana A, Tanuwiria AH, Sinaga S. 2019. Short Communication: Effect of different feed combination on the growth development of spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 20: 526-531. One of the problems in maintaining cuscus in captivity was feed factor. Farmers had given various combinations of feed for cuscus, and several studies had been conducted on cuscus feed. For cuscus feed, it mostly used more than two types of feed, and the most dominant was banana. Inefficiency occurred fresh feed was prepared with more than two types. It can be costly, time-consuming and has more digestibility problem. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct an assessment by limiting the number of feed in two types to see the benefits of the ration (70% carbohydrate feed sources Musa paradisiaca var. mas and 30% from Pometia pinnata leaves, Pongamia pinnata leaves, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica rapa var. parachinensis and Gryllus spp. The research was conducted for 36 days consisting of 2 periods, namely the adaptation period (5 days) and the data collection period (7 days), 3 times replications. The amount of feeding was limited based on 90% of adequacy of dry matter (preliminary research). The weighting of the initial body weight of cuscus and the final weight was carried out at the beginning and end of the period of data collection. Faecal was collected every day during the period of data collection. Each type of feed and fecal was analyzed for the dry matter. The results showed no significant effect (P>0.01) on dry matter consumption, but significantly affected the digestibility coefficients of dry matter. The preferred ration was 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas, which 49.99g/day, then a combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas with I. aquatica 48.187 g/day and M. paradisiaca var. mas combination with Averrhoa carambola (48.06 g/day), while the less preferred combination was M. paradisiaca var. mas with leaves from forest plants and combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and animal protein feed sources i.e. Gryllus spp. However, the highest digestibility coefficient was achieved in 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas and M. paradisiaca var. mas combine with Gryllus spp. Furthermore, the relationship between digestibility coefficient and body weight gain showed that the combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and Gryllus spp. had higher body weight gain compared to 100% Musa paradisiacal var. mas. Based on this study it was concluded that cuscus required a combination of carbohydrate feed sources and animal protein feed sources obtained from M. paradisiaca var. mas and Glyllus spp.
In vitro antibacterial activity of traditionally used medicinal plants against Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Ethiopia
Authors: YEMATA GETAHUN , DESTA BRUKTAWIT , FETENE MASRESHA
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Yemata G, Desta B, Fetene M. 2019. In vitro antibacterial activity of traditionally used medicinal plants against Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 20: 555-561. In Ethiopia, traditional medicinal plants have long been used to treat human and livestock ailments. Nevertheless, studies about the use of these plant extracts to control crop diseases are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of traditionally used medicinal plants against Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm). The bioactive chemicals from leaf samples were drawn using methanol by maceration method. Total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by Folin Ciocalteau reagent. The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins and saponins. Extracts with higher total phenolic content had greater antibacterial activity. The extract of each species showed antibacterial activity against Xcm on a dose dependent manner. Significant differences were recorded between species and test concentrations. The extract of Bersama abyssinica exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity at 200 mg/mL followed by Ricinus communis, Eucalyptus citriodora and Acokanthera schimperi. At lower test concentrations, extracts of E. citriodora and R. communis revealed higher antibacterial activity. Moreover, these species had lower bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations. The results showed the potential potency of E. citriodora and R. communis leaf extracts in controlling enset bacterial wilt. However, further studies on the identification of chemical compounds and in vivo evaluation of the extracts are recommended.
Diversity of endophytic fungi in cajuput leaf waste (Melaleuca cajuputi)
Authors: WIDIANA ANA , UKIT UKIT , THAHIRAH AFIFAH , PAUJIAH EPA
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Widiana A, Ukit, Thahirah A, Paijiah E. 2019. Diversity of endophytic fungi in cajuput leaf waste (Melaleuca cajuputi). Biodiversitas 20: 562-569. Cajuput Oil Factory at Jatimunggul, Indramayu of Forest Management Unit of Perum Perhutani (State Forest Enterprises) produces cajuput leaf waste during distillation process. This waste is difficult to decompose due to the presence of lignin in the secondary cell wall. Therefore, fungi are needed to produce some enzymes for speeding up the degrading process. This research was aimed at finding out the diversity of fungi growing in the cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) leaf waste of zero, two and four months old. The result indicated that a total of 14 species of fungi belonging to four genera namely Aspergillus, Arthrinium, Rhizopus, and one unidentified genus are produced by cajuput leaf waste. Ten different types of endophytic fungi were isolated from two-month-old waste, seven Rhizopus and types of fungi were found in the zero-month-old waste, and only five types of isolates are found in the four-month-old waste. Three species of isolated fungi were also tested for their cellulase enzyme activity.
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: NURHASNAWATI HENNY , SUNDU REKSI , SAPRI SAPRI , SUPRININGRUM RISA , KUSPRADINI HARLINDA , ARUNG ENOS TANGKE
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Nurhasnawati H, Sundu R, Sapri, Supriningrum R, Kuspradini H, Arung ET. 2019. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 576-580. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of photochemical screening indicated that the leaves of Plagiogyria pycnophylla, Plagiogyria glauca, and Stenochlaena palustris contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while Acrostichum aureum contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid. The result showed extract Acrostichum aureum had the highest total phenolic content (366.4573 ± 2.2117 mg GAE.g-1), flavonoid content (228.6087 ± 2.2548 mg QE.g-1), and very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value 29.5303 ppm. There is positive correlation between total phenolic content, flavonoid with antioxidant activity.
Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia
Authors: IZZATI URFI , HASIBUAN HAYATI SARI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.
Vegetation analysis of tree communities at some forest patches in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: SIREGAR MUSTAID , HELMANTO HENDRA , RAKHMAWATI SRI ULIE
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Siregar M, Helmanto H, Rakhmawati SU. 2019. Vegetation analysis of tree communities at some forest patches in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 643-655. Deforestation has caused a decline in forest area in Indonesia. Now natural forests is left in the conservation areas while those outside conservation areas are narrow and fragmented. This study aims to analyze forest vegetation and conservation status of the species of trees in some forest patches in North Sulawesi. Diversity, structure and type of tree communities at five forest patches, namely in the villages of Bukaka, Garini and Lambak in East Bolaang Mongondow District, and Soyowan and Basaan villages in Southeast Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province were studied using a point center quarter method. The total number of tree species (dbh ≥ 10 cm) across five patches is 84 species. The highest number of species is in Garini (37 species), followed by Lambak (25 species), Soyowan (19 species), Bukaka (10 species) and Basaan (7 species). The species diversity index also shows the same pattern with such species richness, but the dominance index demonstrates opposite trend. The highest evenness index (E) is found in Bukaka (E = 0.9524), followed by Soyowan (E = 0.9061), Garini (E = 0.7873), Basaan (E = 0.7809) and Lambak (E = 0.7099). The most important tree species based on the Species Important Value (SIV) in Bukaka is Ficus sp. (SIV = 52.17), in Garini is Octomeles sumatrana (SIV = 25.73), in Lambak is Boehmeria cylindrica (SIV = 65.03), both in Basaan and Soyowan is Dracontomelon dao with SIV of 96.87 and 46.46 respectively. The beta diversity analyzed based on species similarity index of Jaccard and Whittaker 's index shows a relatively large change in species composition from one location to another. The family of Moraceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae and Lauraceae are listed as the widest family with a relatively high population. The highest tree density is found in Bukaka (721 trees ha-1), followed by Lambak (482 trees ha-1), Basaan (439 trees ha-1), Garini (292 trees ha-1) and Soyowan (164 trees ha-1). The highest basal area is also found in Garini (53.59 m2 ha-1), followed by Basaan (51.62 m2 ha-1), Lambak (30.74 m2 ha-1), Soyowan (25.13 m2 ha-1) and Bukaka (20.98 m2 ha-1). The results of Cluster analysis using data of species abundance indicate that the five research locations tend to form two types of tree communities. The first community consists of Garini, Soyowan, Lambak and Bukaka, while the second community is represented only by Basaan.
Short Communication: The composition of mangrove species in coastal area of Banggai District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: UTINA RAMLI , KATILI ABUBAKAR SIDIK , LAPOLO NURAIN , DANGKUA TALHA
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Utina R, Katili AS, Lapolo N, Dangkua T. 2019. Short Communication: The composition of mangrove species in coastal area of Banggai District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 840-846. The mangrove ecosystem possesses unique ecological functions. This research is one part of the activities to prepare reports on mangrove condition in Banggai District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to explore the composition of mangrove species and mangrove zoning in coastal area of Banggai. The data were collected by survey method spread within 16 spots, with a total area of 7,387 hectares. The data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative methods. The results showed that there were 32 families of mangrove plants in Banggai, classified into 53 species, consisting of 25 true mangrove species and 28 associated mangrove species. An endangered species of mangrove was found, i.e., Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. This endangered species was found only in Tingki-tingki Village and Uwedikan Village (Balean and Potean Island) of Banggai. The pattern of mangrove zoning within the research site follows the pattern of mangrove zoning commonly found all over Indonesia. The Rhizophoraceae family (Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora lamarchii and Ceriops tagal) was found more often than the other families in study site. It means that the Rhizophoraceae family had wide distribution area within site.
Genetic diversity of Rhizopus microsporus from traditional inoculum of tempeh in Indonesia based on ITS sequences and RAPD marker
Authors: BARUS TATI , HALIM RONALDO , HARTANTI ANASTASIA TATIK , SAPUTRA PAULUS KEVIN
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Barus T, Halim R, Hartanti AT, Saputra PK. 2019. Genetic diversity of Rhizopus microsporus from traditional inoculum of tempeh in Indonesia based on ITS sequences and RAPD marker. Biodiversitas 20: 847-852. The main microorganism for tempeh fermentation is Rhizopus microsporus. These days, many tempeh producers use commercial inoculum, such as ‘Raprima’ as resource of R. microsporus. As a result, the genetic diversity of R. microsporus that had been reported in Indonesia has diminished. Information about genetic diversity is needed as a basis to select R. microsporus as tempeh inoculum. This research aims to investigate the genetic diversity of R. microsporus from waru leaves based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 25 R. microsporus were isolated from traditional inoculum waru leaves (Inoculum 1) and traditional inoculum other than waru leaves (Inoculum 2). Amplification of ITS sequence was done using universal primer pairs of ITS-4 and ITS-5. Amplification of RAPD markers was done using primers OPC-08, OPC-19, OPQ-6, R-108, OPA-09 and OPJ-20. ITS sequence was not sufficient to compare the similarities among R. microsporus. On the other hand, RAPD markers successfully compared the similarities among 25 R. microsporus. A total of 25 R. microsporus were divided into 9 clusters. R. microsporus from Inoculum 1 grouped into Cluster 1, Cluster 3 and Cluster 4-8. Inoculum 2 grouped into Cluster 2 and Cluster 9. R. microsporus from tempeh grouped into Cluster 4 and was different from Inoculum 1 and Inoculum 2, except for TB3.