bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kóne túrkі jáne qazіrgі qypshaq tіlderіndegі syn esіm jurnaqtary [Adjective Suffixes in Ancient Turkic and Modern Kipchak Languages]
Authors:   1Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University  (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan), e-mail: mag61103@inbox.ru, Eskeeva M.Q.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is identification of continuity of the Turkic written monuments of the 4th-9th centuries and adjective suffixes in languages related to the modern Kypchak group, as well as structural and semantic relationships and features. Compiled comparative characteristics of adjectives in the Kypchak group in the Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz, Bashkir, Tatar languages are compiled, and the features of the development of additional morphemes are determined. The formation of variants and the development of adjective applications are analyzed in comparison with applications in the language of ancient Turkic written monuments. Мақала VІ–ІХ ғасыр түркі жазба ескерткіштері мен қазіргі қыпшақ тобына жататын тілдердегі сын есім жұрнақтарының сабақтастығын, құрылымдық-мағыналық сәйкестіктері мен ерекшеліктерін анықтауға бағытталған. Қыпшақ тобындағы қазақ, қарақалпақ, қырғыз, башқұрт, татар тілдеріндегі сын есім жұрнақтарының салыстырмалы сипаттамасы жасалып, қосымша морфемалардың даму ерекшеліктері айқындалады. Сын есім жасайтын қосымшалардың дамуы мен варианттарының қалыптасуы көне түркі жазба ескерткіштері тіліндегі қосымшалармен салыстырыла талданады.
Arıılyq taıpalar jáne olardyń dіnı nanym-senіmderі [Aryan Tribes and Religious Beliefs]
Authors:   Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: bakyt. abzhet@ ayu.edu.kz, Ábjet B.S.
Published: October 2020

In this article, the author examines the influence of States that existed on the ancient Iranian territory, such as Babylon, the Sumero-Akkadian Kingdom, and Bactria, as well as their traces, cultural layers, and beliefs. After the collapse of the Kingdom of Media, the Persian and Aryan tribes entered the historical scene, which created a powerful Empire on Iranian soil. The article highlights ancient religious beliefs and the new religion of Zoroastrianism that was born in Iran at that time, shows the difference between Ahura Mazda and other minor deities and the reasons for its rise to a higher level. It also refers to the influence of the religions of the Aryan tribes that migrated from North to South and settled on the Iranian land on the religion of the peoples who inhabited this territory, which later played a role in strengthening the position of Zoroastrianism in the region. Өз мақаласында автор Вавилон, Шумер-Аккад патшалығы, Бактрия сияқты ежелгі Иран территориясында болған мемлекеттердің әсерін, сондай-ақ олар қалдырған іздерді, мәдени қабаттарды, нанымдарды қарастырады. Мидия патшалығы құлағаннан кейін Иран жерінде қуатты империя құрған парсы және арий тайпалары тарих сахнасына шықты. Олардың сол кезеңдердегі діни сенімдері мен зороастризм дінінің дүниеге келуі, Ахура Мазда құдайының басқа ұсақ құдайлардан айырмашылығы және оның жоғары деңгейге көтерілуінің себептері көрсетілген. Сондай-ақ солтүстіктен оңтүстікке қарай жылжи отырып қазіргі Иран жеріне орныққан арий тайпаларының ұстанған наным-сенімдері осы территорияны мекендеген жергілікті халықтардың дініне де әсер етіп, соның нәтижесінде кейіннен зороастризм дінінің күшеюіне өзіндік ықпалы болғандығы сөз болады.
Ekpe jasaýǵa qatysty dіnı kózqarastar men ustanymdardyń salystyrmaly taldaýy [Comparative Analysis of Views and Principles Regarding Vaccination]
Authors:   Lecturer of Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University  (Kazakhstan, Shimkent), e-mail: dana.dilbarhanova@ayu.edu.kz, Dılbarhanova D.A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the history, present, and future of vaccination and it is characterized from a medical point of view. The advantages and disadvantages of vaccination are differentiated. It discusses issues related to vaccination in world practice and in our country and analyzes the views and principles of representatives of different religions on vaccination, the basis and sources on which these principles are based, as well as their goals and sides, which are considered as obstacles. A review of the opinions, permissions and prohibitions of individuals who can speak on behalf of religion regarding vaccination is made based on accurate data. Taking into account the possibilities of modern medicine, it is shown that vaccination is a necessary and important step. Мақалада екпе жасаудың тарихы, бүгіні, болашағы қарастырылып, медициналық көзқарас тұрғысынан сипатталады. Екпе жасатудың артықшылықтары мен кемшін тұстары сараланады. Әлемдік тәжірибедегі және еліміздегі екпеге қатысты мәселелер жайлы сөз қозғалады. Түрлі дін өкілдерінің екпе жасатуға қатысты көзқарастары мен ұстанымдары талданып, ол ұстанымдардың негіздері мен сүйенетін дереккөздері, көздеген мақсаттары мен кедергі ретінде көретін тұстары жайлы талқыланады. Нақты деректер негізінде діндер атынан сөйлей алатын өкілетті тұлғалардың екпе жасатуға қатысты пікірлері, рұқсаттары мен тыйымдарына шолу жасалады. Қазіргі заманғы медицинаның мүмкіндіктерін ойға ала отырып, екпе жасатудың қажетті және маңызды, әрі қауіпсіз қадам екендігі көрсетіледі.
Influence of active layer thickness, device architecture and degradation effects on the contact resistance in organic thin film transistors
Authors: Pons Flores Cesar Adrian , Mejía Israel , Quevedo-Lopez Manuel , Alvarado Beltran Clemente , Reséndiz Luis Martín
Published: October 2020

We analyze the influence of three combined effects on the contact resistance in organic- based thin film transistors: a) the active layer thickness, b) device architecture and c) semiconductor degradation. Transfer characteristics and parasitic series resistance were analyzed in devices with three different active layer thicknesses (50, 100 and 150 nm) using top contact (TC) and bottom contact (BC) thin film transistor (TFT) configurations. In both configurations, the lowest contact resistance (2.49 × 106 ?) and the highest field-effect mobility (4.8 × 10-2 cm2/V·s) was presented in devices with the thicker pentacene film. Top contact thin film transistors presented field-effect mobility values one order of magnitude higher (4.8 × 10-2 cm2/V·s) than bottom contact ones (1 × 10-3 cm2/V·s). Threshold voltage for top-contact thin film transistors was -3.1 V. After 2 months, performance in the devices degraded and presented an increase of one order of magnitude   (105 - 106 ?) for BC-TFTs and two orders of magnitude (106 - 108 ?) for TC-TFTs in contact resistance.
Zn dopant effect on growth, morphology, texture and mechanical properties of SnO2 thin films
Authors: Paraguay-Delgado Francisco , Hurtado-Macias Abel , Solis-Canto Oscar
Published: October 2020

When tin oxide thin film is doped with Zn, it grows textured and improves its mechanical properties. The material was synthesized on alkali-free borosilicate glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique. The elemental composition was determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and microstructure of films were examined by electron microscopy techniques, they shown different shapes of crystalline particles according to the dopant content. From X-ray diffraction patterns processed by Rietveld refinement methodology was determine lattice parameters, crystallite sizes and micro strain; it showed that the textural growth of the films depend on the Zn dopant quantity content. The mechanical property was studied as a function of dopants amount, it enhancement due to the texture direction growth. For optimized Zn doped quantity in the film, local measurement of hardness and elastic modulus increased from 12 to 23 GPa and from 137 to 195 GPa, respectively. According to the Zn content, the materials show good correlation between elastic module values and (200) texture growth direction parallel to the substrate.
Surface micromachining of a micro electromechanical inertial transducer based on commercially available Floating Gate Transistor technology
Authors: Abarca-Jiménez Griselda Stephany , Romero-Paredes Rubio Gabriel , Reyes-Barranca Mario Alfredo , Alemán-Arce Miguel Ángel , Munguía-Cervantes Jacobo Esteban , Mendoza-Acevedo Salvador
Published: October 2020

This work presents the results of different surface micromachining processes done on a chip from On Semiconductor 0.5 µm commercially available CMOS technology. The intended objective is to fabricate a MEMS inertial transducer in a monolithic substrate, as the electronics for signal processing are based on a Floating Gate MOS transistor, fully integrated in the electromechanical structure. According to the available layers and design rules from the foundry, an inertial sensor chip was designed and fabricated, except the last post–processing step, i.e., the removal of the sacrificial layer and thus releasing the inertial structure based on a surface micromachining process, allowing the completed device to behave as designed.
ZnO thin film as non-enzymatic glucose sensor in an alkaline solution
Authors: Villasana-Ponce G. , Chalé-Lara F. , Olarte Villamizar G. , Valaguez Velazquez E. , Cruz-González N. , Marquez Herrera A. , Zapata-Torres M.
Published: October 2020

In this work, ZnO films were deposited on titanium substrates by the sputtering technique for non-enzymatic glucose detection in an alkaline solution. The samples were grown using pulsed D.C. sputtering using a ZnO target; we remain constant the power at 100 W and varied the deposition time in order of obtain films with different thickness.  The properties of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmission, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques. The results shown that the thickness of the samples varied with the deposition time. The electrochemical response studied by cyclic voltammetry revealed that the sensor response increased when the ZnO film thickness decreased. The electrochemical biosensing device showed a sensitivity of 7.65 ?A cm-2mM-1 with a linear response range of 3.3 mM to 11.0 mM.
Insecticide activity of bifenthrin nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation of solids in liquids
Authors: Flores-Castañeda Mariela MFC , Campos González Enrique , Ruiz-Aguilar Irvin , Camps Enrique , Cruces M. Patricia , Pimentel Emilio , Camacho López Marco A.
Published: October 2020

Organic nanoparticles of bifenthrin (agricultural insecticide) were successfully synthesized by the laser ablation of solids in liquids (LASL) technique, using as liquid medium a solution of a polymeric surfactant at 0.1 %. The results showed that the use of the surfactant improves the stability of the organic nanoparticles 18 times as compared to those synthesized in water. The characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy allowed evaluating the stability of colloids, as well as determining the concentration of nanoparticles in the medium. In the characterization by TEM and HRTEM was possible to observe nanoparticles with the most probable size of 5 nm and interplanar distances which correspond to the crystalline structure of the starting material. Mass coupled gas chromatography technique was used to corroborate the chemical composition of nanoparticles. Results of biological tests using Drosophila Melanogaster fly, showed that the use of the nanostructured compound is effective in lower doses than those used in agriculture in the form of bulk material.
Awareness and Practice of Weaning : A Cross Sectional Survey Among the Mothers Attending Secondary Health Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Anwar K S , Haque N , Ahmed S , Nasreen A
Published: October 2020

This was a description type of cross sectional study conducted among 210 rural mothers having 0-6 months child, attending the out patient department of Sirajdikhan Upazilla Heath Complex, Munshigonj. Total 210 women were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected through structured questionnaire by face to face interview Out of 210 respondents, majority (59.52%) was in the age group 18-27 years and only 0.48% was above 47 years. Mean age of the respondents was 26.29 years. Most of the respondents (43.33%) completed SSC and only 3.8% were uneducated. Among the respondents 83.33% were house wives. Monthly incomes of the respondents (39.05%) were more than 12000 taka. Most of the mother (80.95%) had children of age 1-3 years. Majority of mothers (77.14%) had conception about requirement of initiation of weaning at 6 months and 15.24% had at 5 months. Maximum respondents (44.76%) had given khichury, 44.29% Shuji and rest of them (10.95%) had given home made food. Mothers (78.57%) continued breast feeding with weaning. About 74.76% respondents complained of occasional vomiting with weaning. Majority (62.38%) of children had given food on time, those children who were provided complementary feeding was physically normal. Majority (57.14%) of mothers had no complained during weaning period. Registered physicians (76.19%) were the health care provider when the children were sick. Although most of the mothers started weaning at appropriate times, we cannot consider it satisfactory. As we must think about all the children and keep all of them healthy, we need to improve this rate up to 100%. Unless we achieve this level we can't achieve our goals of health for all.
Grammatical Cases of the Verbs in the Quranic Verses
أحكام عطف الفعل المضارع ودلالتها في آيّ القرآن الكريم
Authors: Amayreh Muhammad ismail Ahmad , Hammam Sami Mohammad
Published: October 2020

This study aims at tackling the cases
in which the Quran breaks the rules established by grammarians. All attempts have
been made to monitor the phenomena and
evidence that the rules violated from the actions mentioned in the verses, and presented them using the contents of the grammarians’ opinions and guidance, in conjunction
with the statements of the most famous
interpreters. Moreover, the study reviews
the opinions of key Quran interpreters given
the close ties between syntax and interpretation. Through analysis and corroboration,
I support some views in syntax and refute
some others.
The research concluded with a number
of fndings and recommendations. It criticizes the absence of a reference in Arabic that
includes all of the syntactical irregularities
in the Quran. The presence of such a reference would enrich our knowledge and solve
the problem of the information scattered in
different books. And we recommend that
great attention be given to this topic in response to those who criticized the Qur’an -
accidentally or unintentionally.
Keywords: grammatical rule, abnormal
يتناول البحث دراسة لما ورد في بعضٍ من ألفاظ القرآن الكريم من مخالفة قواعد النّحاة لها، وقد حاولنا جهدنا رصد الظّواهر والشّواهد التي خالفتها القواعد من الأفعال التي وردت في الآيات، وعرضناها مستعينين بما ورد فيها من آراء النّحاة وتوجيهاتهم، مقترنة بأقوال أشهر المفسّرين، بما نعلم من عظم الوشائج بين علوم النّحو والتّفسير؛ فكلاهما مؤثّر في الآخر، وأبدينا ما نميل إليه، مرجِّحين بعض الآراء النّحويّة؛ ففضّلنا بعضها واستبعدنا آخر.
وقد خلص البحث إلى عدد من النّتائج والتّوصيات الّتي خرجنا بها، تمثّلت بداية في أنّه لم يصنّف كتاب جامع في مخالفة القاعدة النّحويّة في القرآن الكريم، وإنّما كانت المعلومات متناثرة هنا وهناك، مع كثرة العلم الّذي يبحث في الإعجاز القرآنيّ اللّغويّ وغزارته، حتّى لتنوء به العصبة أولو القوّة، بل تكاد تهلك أمام عظمة القرآن، ونضوب البحر لو كان مدادًا لكلمات الله. ونوصي بإيلاء هذا الموضوع عناية كبرى للرّدّ على من طعن في القرآن - عرَضًا كان أو غرَضًا - وخطّأ بعضه؛ بحجّة ورودها مخالفة لقوانين استقراها النّحاة.
كلمات مفتاحية: قاعدة نحوية، القرآن الكريم، الشاذ عن القاعدة
Percepția luminii, spațiului și formei și evoluția ei din perspectiva artelor reprezentării
Authors:   Universitatea de Artă și Design Cluj-Napoca, Florian Andrei
Published: October 2020

The article reviews the elements of perception of light, the only source of forms and instruments of dimensional evaluation of space with the six coordinates of it that make possible the relationship of the human subject with light and its positioning in space. These forms, equally generated by the essential presence of light, and also the colors which have frequencies that are enhanced by it, made possible the first human artistic creations .These creations were figurative representations and their step by step evolution from being strictly functional to becoming symbolic objects is described in this paper. The ritualistic roles of the symbolic object are discussed in connection to their passing through time and their transformation towards the artistic object. Eventually, this goes beyond its initial function becoming an aesthetic and evocative object that accompanies man in his habitat. The end of the discourse is illustrated with art works created by young artists or myself .The involvement of light in the contemporary art, as one that is used with artistic talent may create the really necessary atmosphere needed for the physical and spiritual recovery of the modern man in his dwelling or his relaxing spaces directing him towards meditation, contemplation and introspection.
Inventarele de succesiune ca surse ale istoriei individuale
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic din Budapesta, Kemecsi Lajos
Published: October 2020

Inventories preserved the most exact data concerning everyday life including handcraft. This short study lists a few possible usages of these sources. For researchers studying handcraft it is always useful to analyze the change and progress of tools. Comparing the inventories of different geographical area prove the studies written on the commonness and similarities of the tools used by certain craftsman. Through the study of inventories, the changes in the structure of artisan products, as well as, the local characteristics can be easily traced. Inventories are also ideal to visualise the lifestyle of craftsmen and to study their status within their community. Inventories can also show the craftsmen’s level of literacy, and by studying them it is possible to reconstruct the craftsmen’s mental and cultural environment.
Luna - zeița luminii nocturne
Authors:   Institutul Astronomic Cluj-Napoca, Szücs-Csillik Iharka , Maxim Zoia ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

The Moon, the Night Owner, fascinated over time almost all civilizations on Earth; it is the one that strongly shines in the night, driving back the darkness. The changing appearance of the Moon in its multitude of phases has raised the interest and imagination since ancient times and has influenced the perception of time and space. The Moon was the base of calendar making, of cosmological mythology, oral and visual artistic creation. Moon signs and symbols were preserved in the Romanian people’s traditions and customs. The work includes some heritage from the Neolithic and Copper Age, in conjunction with popular beliefs and customs, as well as the scientific aspects of the Moon that illuminates the Earth and the Romanian soul.
Explaining Subnational Regime Variation: Country-Level Factors
Authors: McMann Kelly M. , Maguire Matthew , Gerring John , Coppedge Michael , Lindberg Staffan I.
Published: October 2020

Studies of a small number of countries have revealed that both democratic and nondemocratic subnational governments can exist within a single country. However, these works have neither demonstrated how common subnational regime variation is nor explained why some countries are more prone to it. This article does both. We show that subnational regime variation exists in all world regions, in both unitary and federal states, and in both the present and past, using Varieties of Democracy global data from 1900 to 2018. The article also demonstrates theoretically and empirically how social heterogeneity and factors undermining a national government's ability to extend control throughout a country promote this variation. Specifically, subnational regime variation is more common in countries that are ethnically diverse, rugged, and populous.
Warm protons at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko – Implications for the infant bow shock
Authors: Goetz Charlotte , Gunell Herbert , Johansson Fredrik , LLera Kristie , Nilsson Hans , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz , Taylor Matthew G. G. T.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Multiple plasma boundaries have been observed at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Among them was an infant bow shock, an asymmetric structure in the plasma environment that separates the less disturbed solar wind from a plasma with warmer, slower protons. Rosetta crossings of the infant bow shock have so far only been reported for two days. Here, we aim to investigate this phenomenon further by focusing on the proton behaviour and surveying all of the Rosetta comet phase data. We find over 300 events that match the proton signatures at the infant bow shock. We investigate the properties of the plasma and magnetic field at this boundary and the location where it can be found. We find that the protons are preferentially detected at intermediate gas production rates with a slight trend towards larger cometocentric distances for higher gas production rates. The events can mostly be found in the positive convective electric field hemisphere. Both results agree well with simulations of the infant bow shock. The properties of the plasma are harder to constrain, but there is a trend towards higher electron flux, lower magnetic field, higher magnetic field power spectral density, and higher density in the region that contains the warm protons. This is in partial agreement with the previous IBS definitions, however it also indicates that the plasma and this structure are highly non-stationary. For future research, Comet Interceptor, with its multi-point measurements, can help to disentangle the spatial and temporal effects and give more clarity on the influence of changing upstream conditions on the movement of boundaries in this unusual environment.
Early hypogene Carbonic Acid Speleogenesis in unconfined limestone aquifers by upwelling deep-seated waters with high CO2 concentration: A first modelling approach
Authors: Gabrovšek Franci , Dreybrodt Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Hypogene caves originate from upwelling deep-seated waters loaded with CO2 that mix with meteoric waters in a limestone aquifer. Here we present first results on digital modelling of Carbonic Acid Speleogenesis (CAS). We study an unconfined aquifer where meteoric water seeps through the vadose zone and becomes saturated with respect to calcite when it arrives at the water table. From below deep-seated water with high pCO2 and saturated with respect to calcite invades the limestone formation by forced flow. Two flow domains arise that host exclusively water from the meteoric or the deep-seated source. They are separated by a water divide. There by dispersion of flow, a fringe of mixing arises and widening of the fractures is caused by mixing corrosion (MC). The evolution of the cave system is determined by its early state. At sites with high rates of fracture widening regions of higher hydraulic conductivity are created. They attract flow and support one by one mixing with maximal dissolution rates. Therefore, the early evolution is determined by karstification originating close to the input of the upwelling water and at the output at a seepage face. In between these regions, a wide fringe of moderate dissolution is present. In the later stage of evolution, this region is divided by constrictions that originate from statistical variations of fracture aperture widths that favour high dissolution rates and focus flow into this region. This MC-fringe-instability is an intrinsic property of cave evolution and is present in all scenarios studied. We have investigated the influence of defined regions with higher fracture aperture widths. These determine the cave patterns and suppress MC-fringe-instabilities. We have discussed the influence of the ratio of upwelling water flux rates to the rates of meteoric water. This ratio specifies the position of the mixing fringe and consequently that of the cave system. In a further step, we have explored the influence of time dependent meteoric recharge. Furthermore, we have modelled scenarios where waters are undersaturated with respect to calcite. These findings give important insight into mechanisms of hypogene speleogenesis. They also have implications to the understanding of sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS).
Diagnosing the sensitivity of grounding-line flux to changes in sub-ice-shelf melting
Authors: Zhang Tong , Price Stephen F. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Perego Mauro , Asay-Davis Xylar
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Using a numerical ice flow model, we study changes in ice shelf buttressing and grounding-line flux due to localized ice thickness perturbations, a proxy for localized changes in sub-ice-shelf melting. From our experiments, applied to idealized (MISMIP+) and realistic (Larsen C) ice shelf domains, we identify a correlation between a locally derived buttressing number on the ice shelf, based on the first principal stress, and changes in the integrated grounding-line flux.
The origin of this correlation, however, remains elusive from the perspective of a theoretical or physically based understanding. This and the fact that the correlation is generally much poorer when applied to realistic ice shelf domains motivate us to seek an alternative approach for predicting changes in grounding-line flux. We therefore propose an adjoint-based method for calculating the sensitivity of the integrated grounding-line flux to local changes in ice shelf geometry. We show that the adjoint-based sensitivity is identical to that deduced from pointwise, diagnostic model perturbation experiments. Based on its much wider applicability and the significant computational savings, we propose that the adjoint-based method is ideally suited for assessing grounding-line flux sensitivity to changes in sub-ice-shelf melting.
Channeled fiberoptic for vocal cord polyp excision under spontaneous respiration using intravenous anesthesia and hi-flow nasal oxygen (STRIVE-Hi) technique: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Menon Abhishek , Emam Dina , Al-Mannai Olfa , Shallik Nabil , Al-Khafaji Muayad
Published: October 2020

Microlaryngoscopy for benign vocal cord lesion excision is a procedure with good outcomes and relatively few complications that is performed worldwide. The anterior one-third of the vocal cords is a relatively common site to find benign polyps, and the excision of cases with adequate laryngeal exposure is relatively easy. However, they can sometimes present a challenge when laryngeal exposure is suboptimal, which leads to trouble in accessing the site. The factors that can lead to difficulties in laryngeal exposure are numerous, such as restricted mouth opening, limited neck extension, large tongue size, and others. The preoperative prediction of difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) can be obtained by different scoring and grading systems. We have used the Laryngoscore in this case. However, management options for such cases remain limited. Here, we present a case that was managed using channeled cup forceps under fiberoptic endoscopy with the STRIVE-Hi technique used to administer anesthesia.
Der besonders schwere Fall des Totschlags
Authors: Ahle Anne
Published: October 2020

Im Zentrum der Diskussion über die Reform der Tötungsdelikte stehen die Mordmerkmale und die absolute Androhung der lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe. Doch auch der besonders schwere Fall des Totschlags wird mit lebenslanger Freiheitsstrafe geahndet. Gleichwohl findet diese Norm in Rechtsprechung und Literatur nahezu keine Beachtung. Probleme bereitet insbesondere deren Unbestimmtheit. Anhaltspunkte zur Konkretisierung können aus der Genese des Tatbestands sowie einer Auswertung der bislang zu § 212 II StGB ergangenen Entscheidungen gewonnen werden. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Reformvorschlag mit Regelbeispielen besonders schwerer Fälle unterbreitet, aus dem auch Erkenntnisse für die ausstehende Reform des § 211 StGB gewonnen werden können.
Mechanisms of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: M.A. Smail Manal , C. Howarth Frank , Singh Jaipaul , Rupee Sunil , Rupee Khemraj , Hanoman Carlin , Mohammed Ismail Abla , Ahmed Sleiman Farah , Abdulkhalek Samar , Bidasee Keshore
Published: October 2020

More than 450 million people worldwide have diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) that arises from insufficient insulin secretion or resistance to insulin’s action. More than 70% of individuals with chronic DM will develop cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases (CADs), hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy (heart failure), stroke, and chronic kidney disease. A significant number of these individuals will also succumb to sudden cardiac death (SCD). SCD usually occurs in early morning from abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation. When the pumping action of the heart becomes erratic, a reduction in oxygenated blood to the brain leads to unconsciousness and brain damage. SCD is independent of age and sex and positively correlates with impairment in cardiac metabolism, muscle damage, fibrosis, apoptosis, hypertrophy, ischemia, and deranged cation signaling. This review centers on mechanisms by which intracellular cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) handling, inflammation, and oxidative and carbonyl stresses due to diabetes-induced hyperglycemia can lead to the deterioration of excitation/contraction coupling (ECC), impaired contractility, arrhythmias, and SCD in DM patients. It also discusses the beneficial effects of exercise training to attenuate the risk of SCD.
Modified Single Mode Optical Fiber Ammonia Sensors Deploying PANI Thin Films
Authors: Abduldaem Mohammed Husam , Hanif Yaacob Mohd
Published: October 2020

Modified optical fiber sensors received increasing attention because of their superior properties over electrical sensors. These properties include their immunity towards electromagnetic interference and the ability to be deployed in corrosive and volatile environment. Several optical fiber platforms have been developed for chemical sensing applications based on modifying optical fiber cladding layer such as etched, tapered, D-shaped and etched-tapered. The modifications purpose is to extend the evanescent wave propagating out of the core physical dimensions. Thus, evanescent wave interaction with analyte is enhanced. Modified optical transducing platforms are integrated in gas sensing applications, such as ammonia. Modified optical fiber sensors coated with nanostructured thin films have been developed and gained popularity as practical devices towards gases with low concentrations. The development and characterization of the modified SMF sensing platforms including etched, tapered and etched-tapered platforms against ammonia will be presented in this chapter. These platforms were coated with PANI nanostructured thin film. The 50 μm etched-tapered SMF coated with PANI produced response, recovery times, and sensitivity of 58 s, 475 s, and 231.5%, respectively, in the C-band range. The limit of detection of the modified fiber sensor was 25 ppm. The developed sensors exhibit good repeatability, reversibility, and selectivity.
Comparison of FMS tests between female and male volleyball players with possible implications on volleyball performance
Authors: Ban Maja , Đurković Tomislav , Marelić Nenad
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The main goal of this study is to determine possible differences in the range and quality of movement between senior male and female volleyball players of HAOK Mladost. Methods: Respondents, all right-handed and healthy, were members of the senior volleyball team of HAOK Mladost (female n=24, male n=17). The testing was conducted during the transition period, between the first and second competition period. We used seven tests, all part of standard FMS protocol: Deep Squat (DS), Hurdle Step (HS), In-Line Lunge (ILL), Shoulder Mobility (SM), Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR), Trunk Stability Push-up (TSPU), Rotary Stability (RS), with 12 measured variables (left and right side for five bilateral tests plus DS and TSPU). Educated staff at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb con-ducted the testing. The examination of significance of the differences between senior male and female volleyball players was conducted by using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant difference in three tests: In – Line Lunge Left (ILLL), z= -2,11, p=0,03, with moderate effect size (r=0.33), Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL), z= -2,58, p=0,01, with moderate to strong effect size (r=0.4) and Stability Push-up (TSPU) z= -3,68, p=0,00, with strong effect size (r=0.58). Conclusion: Statistically significant difference was determined in the range and quality of movement in three measured variables. Male volleyball players achieved better results in two tests: In-Line Lunge Left (ILLL) and Stability Push-up (TSPU). That addresses to a higher ability to keep the balance during lunges (reaction on short balls during reception or defence phase of the game) and considerably higher ability to maintain the stability of the trunk in the transfer of force from the upper extremities to the lower (during block) and vice versa (during spike). It is interesting to note that female volleyball players achieved a significantly better rating in the Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL) test, suggesting a better flexibility of the left hamstrings and better right hip mobility which enables higher capacity in performing el-ements which require extension, which include almost all volleyball elements (hitting, serve receive and transition into offense, defence and transition into counterattack and blocking, smashing and jump serve).
Reliability and validity of the newly developed tests of football specific change of direction speed and reactive agility in youth players
Authors: Foretic Nikola , Gilic Barbara , Sekulic Damir
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Agility is an important determinant of success in football (soccer), but there is a lack of reliable and valid tests applicable in the evaluation of different agility components in youth football players. In this study we evaluated the reliability and factorial validity of the two newly developed tests of agility in male youth football players. Methods: The sample comprised 44 youth football players (all males, 14–15 years of age) who were tested on anthropometrics (body height and mass), newly developed tests of foot-ball specific reactive agility (FS-RAG) and change of direction speed (FS-CODS), one stand-ard test of CODS (20-yards), and sprinting over 20-m distance (S20M). The relative reliability is evaluated by calculation of Intra-Class-Correlation coeficients (ICC), while the absolute reliability was evaluated by calculation of the coeficient of variation (CV). Further, systematic bias was checked by analysis of variance for repeated measurements (ANOVA). The asso-ciations between studied variables were evidenced by Pearson’s correlation. Finally, factor analysis was calculated to define the factorial validity of agility tests (FS-RAG, FS-CODS, 20-yards). Results: The newly developed football-specific tests were found to be reliable, with better re-liability of FS-CODS (ICC: 0.81, CV: 6%), than of FS-RAG (ICC: 0.76, CV: 9%). The ANOVA evidenced significant (p < 0.05) learning effects for FS-RAG, but post-hoc analysis indicated stabilization of the results until the third testing trial. Factor analysis extracted one significant factor under the Guttmann-Kaiser criterion (Explained Variance: 1.67), showing the appro-priate factorial validity of newly developed tests in comparison to standard agility indicator 20-yards. Meanwhile, the significant correlations between all agility performances with S20M (Pearson’s R: 0.52–0.63; all p < 0.01) revealed that sprinting capacity significantly influence agility performances and that conditioning capacities of youth football players are not yet discriminated. Conclusion: Results showed appropriate reliability and validity of the newly developed tests of football specific change of direction speed and reactive agility. Therefore, here proposed FS-CODS and FS-RAG can be used as reliable and valid measures of agility components in youth football players. Further studies should evaluate the discriminative validity of the here proposed tests (i.e. identification of position-specific or performance-related differences), as well as reliability in younger players than those studied herein.
Predicting futsal specific change of direction speed and reactive agility; analysis of specific correlates in top-level players
Authors: Zeljko Ivan , Spasic Miodrag , Sekulic Damir
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) are important qual-ities in futsal, but studies rarely examined the predictors of these conditioning capacities in players of advanced level. This study aimed to evaluate predictive validity of certain an-thropometric and conditioning capacities in evaluation of futsal specific CODS and RAG in top-level players. Methods: The sample comprised 54 male players from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of teams competing at the highest national rank, including national champions for the 2017–2018 competitive season in both countries. The variables comprised set of pre-dictors (body mass, body height, triceps skinfold, reactive strength index [RSI], sprint 10 m [S10M], and broad jump [BJ]; and four criteria: futsal specific CODS and RAG, performed with and without dribbling (CODS_D, CODS_WD, RAG_D, RAG_WD). To identify the asso-ciation between variables Pearson’s correlation and multiple regressions were calculated. Results: Observed predictors explained statistically significant (p < 0.05) percentage of vari-ance for all four criteria (Rsq: 0.28, 0.30, 0.23 and 0.25, for CODS_WD, CODS_D, RAG_WD, RAG_D, respectively). Body mass was significant predictor for all criteria (Beta: 0.35–0.51), with poorer performances in heavier players. In both performances which involved dribbling, significant predictors was RSI (Beta: −0.27 and −0.31 for CODS_D and RAG_D, respective-ly), with superior performances in players with better RSI. The S10M and BJ were not identi-fied as being significantly correlated to studied RAG and CODS performances. Conclusion: Study confirmed specific influence of studied predictors of futsal specific CODS and RAG with consistent negative influence of body mass on studied performances. Almost certainly this can be explained by specifics of RAG and CODS execution. Specifically, tests are performed over relatively small distances, with several changes of direction, which clear-ly mimic the futsal specific performances. Although sprint performance is often observed as important determinant of CODS and RAG, herein we did not confirm its predictive validity in explanation of futsal specific CODS and RAG. Future studies should evaluate other poten-tially important predictors of these capacities in futsal.
Isokinetic Equipment In The Strength Training Of Armwrestlers
Authors: Harčarik Gabriel
Published: October 2020

The author introduces the main reasons for aiming his research at the development of isoki-netic, diagnostic and training equipment which should have its basic exploitation in armwres-tling. In the results he discusses what parts the equipment is composed of. He brings the information about what data from the IsoForce system can be obtained and what can be set up on the Tend Force Gauge microcomputer. Later he describes three modes of exercise in detail, their foundation in training process or in diagnosics. The author explains inevitable portable adjustable construction which allows the implementation of all needed movements for armwrestling and that it has to meet other different requirements. In the results he de-scribes all the advantages that TENDO IsoForce brings. He also informs about the tests that can be done within the diagnostics of strength abilities in armwrestling with the help of this equipment. In the end the author states that he sees the big potential in TENDO IsoForce for armwrestling purposes and informs about his plans for future as to the improvement of the equipment.
Trends in BMI by Age Periods of Pupils with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Králíková Jitka , Válková Hana
Published: October 2020

Childhood obesity is becoming increasingly important in children because it occurs in earlier age periods. Children with intellectual disabilities belong to a high-risk group in the area of obesity. Their disability limits them in everyday life both in the possibilities of participation in physical activities and in the field of lifestyle. Currently, there is not real data in BMI age trends for children with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the research is to find out the trends of BMI in children with mild and moderate intellectual disability in different age periods and to find out whether summer holidays have an effect in BMI trend in some age periods. The methods used were quantitative and comparative research. BMI indicators were mea-sured using an In-Body machine. T-test was used to identify statistically significant differ-ences between periods. Trends were measured in children aged 6–20 years (the number of participants in each measurement: n = 49, n = 55, n = 56, n = 55) in over two years in the region Zlín in the Czech Republic. Trends are evaluated using box charts. The conclusion is that the trend of BMI of school-age pupils is positively accelerating, summer holidays have no affect BMI values. The BMI trend in pubescence pupils is fluctuating with a decrease in BMI values during the summer holidays. The BMI trend in adolescence pupils is convex, summer holidays have no effect on BMI values. BMI trends of all ages are within the normal weight. Astatistically significant difference in BMI is only for pupils of school age between September 2017 and June 2018. It is beneficial finding for practice that children with intellectual disability in the Czech Republic have much better results in BMI indicators and trends than children with intellectual disability in abroad.
On the economic security of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave
Authors: Fedorov G. M.
Published: October 2020

An exclave position makes the economic security problems of the Kaliningrad region more complex as compared with other Russian territories. Deteriorating relations between Russia and the West compound the situation. This has been especially so since 2014 when economic sanctions were imposed against Russia, and the country retaliated. Global geopolitical instability adds to the conundrum. This study aims to assess the economic security of the Kaliningrad region. Its objectives include defining the concept of regional economic security and measuring its level in the Russian Baltic exclave. Possible ways to improve the economic security of the region are considered as well. Official statistics on the dynamics of industrial production and GRP and 28 other socio-economic indicators are used to assess the level of economic security. The region performs well on nine indicators and much worse on 19. Proposals for economic restructuring aimed at more intensive exploitation of regional natural and labour resources are examined along with the region’s prospects as part of the Great Eurasia (Bolshaya Eurasia) project and as an ‘international development corridor’.
The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence
Authors: Druzhinin A. G.
Published: October 2020

In the 21st century, the World Ocean is becoming a key factor in global socio-economic dynamics and a geoeconomic and geopolitical priority of many countries. The Russian Federation, whose economy, infrastructure, and settlement system have been gravitating towards the sea since the late 1990s, is no exception. This article aims to identify and provide a conceptual framework for the phenomenon of Russia’s coastal borderlands and their constituent ‘strongholds’. It also explores the factors and features of the economic dynamics of the coastal borderlands amid the post-2014 geopolitical turbulence. Economic and statistical methods are used to highlight the irregularity of the economic and settlement patterns across Russia’s coastal borderlands, in their water and land areas. It is shown that Russian economic and military activities have clustered there to create 14 ‘strongholds’, including two emerging ones. The current confrontation between Russia and the West is accompanied by the country’s growing maritime presence, particularly in its western borderlands, the revitalisation and expansion of its ‘strongholds’, and economic diversification. The economic systems of the country’s leading coastal region have proven to be highly resistant to geopolitical turbulence; this is partly explained by government support.
A Dimensão multissemiótica do Jogo teatral:
Authors: Calligaris Juliana Pablos
Published: October 2020

Este estudo expõe um dos resultados de uma pesquisa sobre significação verbal e não verbal desenvolvida através da prática teatral desenvolvida no meu mestrado, baseada na observação da relação entre linguagem, corpo e cognição com pessoas afásicas. Investigo a coocorrência multimodal de semioses (fala, gesto, expressão corporal, olhar, etc.) com afásicas e afásicos, através das interações de diferentes, ainda que compartilhados, processos semióticos, ativos na construção de significados, para descrever e analisar o papel da atividade artística performativa na (re)organização de possibilidades comunicativas e expressivas de indivíduos afásicos no mundo e com seus pares.
Perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade antibacteriana de enterobactérias coletadas de ovos de p. expansa
Authors: Evangelista Sobrinho Rosildo Mendes , Malvásio Adriana , Bertolin Aparecido Osdimir
Published: October 2020

A ordem Testudines conhecidos atualmente como quelônios, compreendem as tartarugas, jabutis e cágados). Esses animais são ovíparos e depositam seus ovos em diferentes ambientes. Diante do exposto objetivou-se identificar e traçar o perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade antimicrobiana de enterobactérias coletadas de ovos P. expansa. Os microrganismos foram coletados de 10 ninhos na praia alta município de Lagoa da Confusão-TO. Foram identificadas 1.200 colônias de enterobactérias, distribuídas entre os gêneros Enterobacter ssp. Citrobacter spp. Shigella spp. Hafnia ssp. Klebsiella spp. Proteus spp. Salmonella spp.  e a espécie E. coli. sendo Enterobacter ssp. (33,33%), Citrobacter spp. (20,83%), Shigella spp. (12,5%), E. coli (20,83%) Hafnia ssp. (8,33%), Klebsiella spp. (2,08%), Proteus spp. (1,67%), Salmonella spp. (0,42%). Quanto ao perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade obtidos foi detectado multirresistência aos antimicrobianos em todos os microrganismos, alguns com resistência a mais de 03 dos antibióticos testados. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo ressaltam a importância de se conhecer o perfil de enterobactérias isoladas de ovos de P. expansa, tendo em vista que tais bactérias são encontradas como integrantes da microbiota residente e transitória de P. expansa e da areia das praias. E. coli, Shigella spp., Hafnia spp., e Citrobacter spp. foram os microrganismos que apresentaram resistência ao maior número de antimicrobianos utilizados. Enterobacter spp, E. coli e Citrobacter spp. foram as enterobactérias encontradas em maior número de ovos, podendo estar relacionadas com a microbiota da areia da praia, contaminando os ovos por via horizontal.