bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of skin graft donor site management using oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver‐ORC with absorptive silicone adhesive border and transparent film dressing vs semi‐occlusive dressings
Authors: Chowdhry Saeed A.
Published: September 2022

Split‐thickness skin grafts (STSG) are widely used in wound reconstruction. However, donor site wounds are created as a result. Traditionally, moist wound healing and transparent film dressings have been used to promote donor site wound healing. This retrospective study evaluated the use of oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver‐ORC dressing (ORC/C/Ag‐ORC) with an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing and transparent film dressing (treatment) compared with petrolatum‐based gauze dressing (control) over donor site wounds. Patients underwent an STSG procedure between January and December 2020. Donor sites received treatment (n = 10) or control (n = 10) dressings. Dressing changes occurred as necessary. Time to epithelialisation, narcotic pain medication requirements, and the number of office/hospital visits were examined. Twenty patients were managed (9 males, 11 females, average age: 49.7 ± 13.9 y). Patient comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Wound types included traumatic and cancer excision. Time to epithelialisation was significantly reduced in the treatment group (11.1 ± 1.4 d vs 18 ± 2.4 d, P < 0.0001). The number of office visits for dressing changes was significantly lower in the treatment group (0.1 ± 0.3 vs 2 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001). No patients in the treatment group required a hospital visit, compared with 3 patients in the control group. One patient in the treatment group required narcotic pain medication, compared with 5 in the control group. In this patient population, the use of ORC/C/Ag‐ORC, an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing, and transparent film dressing resulted in a shorter time to epithelialisation and less analgesic requirement compared with petrolatum‐based gauze dressing use.
Caregiving and future planning perspectives of siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Insights from South Korea, Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Hagiwara Mayumi , Chiu Chun‐Yu , Takishima Mayu
Published: September 2022

Background

As individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities age, their siblings are more likely to assume caregiving responsibilities. However, little is known about experiences of East Asian siblings with respect to their caregiving and future‐planning within their own country, as well as other East Asian countries.

Methods

Using a national survey, this study explored experiences of 576 siblings across South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

Results

A common factor across the three countries was that siblings were less engaged in advocacy and future‐planning activities and felt less competent to play the role of caregiving. Korean siblings reported more negative views about disability, while Japanese siblings reported less engagement in future‐planning and Taiwanese siblings reported greater involvement in caregiving.

Conclusion

Based on ‘universalism without uniformity’, it is recommended to develop culturally sensitive sibling‐targeted intervention based on each country's context.
Porokeratosis is one of the most common genodermatoses and is associated with an increased risk of keratinocyte cancer and melanoma
Authors: Inci Rahime , Zagoras Theofanis , Kantere Despoina , Holmström Peter , Gillstedt Martin , Polesie Sam , Peltonen Sirkku
Published: September 2022

Background

Porokeratosis is a clinically heterogeneous group of keratinization disorders with a genetic background mainly affecting the mevalonate pathway, which is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, an essential component for the formation of the extracellular lipid lamellae in the stratum corneum. Porokeratosis is reportedly associated with an increased risk of keratinocyte cancer, but to date, no large epidemiological studies have been conducted to further address this association.

Objectives

The first objective was to characterize a cohort of patients diagnosed with porokeratosis at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU), Gothenburg, Sweden. The second objective was to conduct a nationwide registry‐based cohort study to investigate the association, if any, between porokeratosis and the cutaneous malignancies squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanoma.

Methods

For the SU cohort, the hospital registry was searched for patients with a diagnosis of porokeratosis recorded between 2016 and 2020. Clinical data were extracted from the records of the identified patients. For the nationwide cohort, national registries were searched to identify patients with a diagnosis of porokeratosis between 2001 and 2020. A tenfold control cohort was formed by Statistics Sweden. The data was cross‐referenced with the Swedish Cancer Register to study the associations between porokeratosis and SCC, BCC and melanoma.

Results

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis was the most common clinical type among the 108 patients in the SU cohort. In the nationwide search, 2277 patients with porokeratosis were identified (prevalence 1/4132). Porokeratosis was associated with an increased risk for SCC, BCC and melanoma with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 4.3 (3.4–5.4), 2.42 (1.97–2.98) and 1.83 (1.18–2.82), respectively, in the patient cohort, compared to the matched control group.

Conclusion

Porokeratosis is a common genodermatosis, and it is associated with an enhanced risk of skin cancer.
Risk analysis of systemic side effects of tumescent local anaesthesia in the surgical treatment of geriatric and multimorbid patients with skin cancer
Authors: Schnabl Saskia Maria , Garbe Claus , Breuninger Helmut , Walter Vincent , Aebischer Valentin , Eckardt Julia , Ghoreschi Franziska Carola , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Scheu Alexander
Published: September 2022

Background

Due to demographic change and increased UV exposure, the number of dermatosurgical procedures in the elderly is increasing. Data on the occurrence of systemic side effects during and after treatment with tumescent local anaesthesia are limited and do not refer to details such as volume and composition of local anaesthetics or epinephrine additive.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of systemic side effects in elderly patients undergoing skin tumour surgery with tumescent local anaesthesia.

Methods

Investigation of systemic complications in patients (≥75 years) who underwent head and neck skin tumour surgery under tumescent local anaesthesia at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Tübingen, between October 2018 and March 2020.

Results

In total 782 patients (479 males, 303 females) with a mean age of 83.3 years (range: 75.1–102.2 years) could be included. A total of 2940 procedures were performed. Patients were assigned to two groups. The old–old group (≥75–84 years) included 491 patients and the oldest–old group (≥85 years) included 291 patients. The total inpatient stay and thus mean follow‐up period was 4.9 days (range 1–28 days). 92.0% (719/782) suffered from pre‐existing comorbidities. Systemic complications occurred in 10.2% (80/782; old–olds: 8.6%, oldest–olds: 13.1%). Hypertensive crisis (>180/120 mmHg) requiring intervention (6.7%) that occurred intraoperatively or during the inpatient stay was the most frequent systemic complication. Cardiac arrhythmias occurred postoperatively in 0.8% of cases. No life‐threatening complications directly related to tumescent local anaesthesia were found.

Conclusions

Skin tumour surgery in tumescent local anaesthesia for the elderly is safe, and complications caused by general anaesthesia can be avoided. Systemic complications can occur, but are usually mild, are caused by pre‐existing diseases and perioperative excitement, and can be rapidly detected and well treated by monitoring. There is no direct correlation of complications to high‐tumescent concentrations or volume quantities.
Impact of roasting degree on sensory profile of Turkish coffee and espresso assessed by Turkish and Brazilian panelists
Authors: Elmaci Ilkay , Gok Ilkay , Tokusoglu Ozlem
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to assess the effect of roasting degree and brewing techniques on the sensory profile of Turkish coffee and espresso. Descriptive analysis of coffee samples was carried out for 20 flavor attributes by 10 Turkish and 10 Brazilian assessors. Light, medium, and dark roasted coffee beans were brewed with the decoction method and pressure method. Turkish coffee samples were prepared by automatic machine and cezve, which is the traditional method. The roasting degree and brewing method had a significant impact on the sensory profile of coffee samples. Turkish assessors perceived lightly roasted coffee beverages as sour (6.53 and 6.56 for Turkish coffee with machine and espresso) and pungent notes (7.46 for espresso), while Brazilian assessors perceived them as fruity (5.63 for espresso) and sweet attributes (5.76 and 5.90 for Turkish coffee with cezve and espresso). Roasted (7.83), burnt/acrid (7.96), and bitter (8.13) notes became dominant with the degree of roasting in espresso coffees in the Turkish panel. Brazilian assessors perceived Turkish coffee samples made with cezve and dark roasted beans as roasted (6.53), burnt/acrid (6.66), bitter (6.80), and ashy‐sooty (7.26) notes.

Practical applications

This research indicates the effect of cultural experience, the degree of roasting, and brewing techniques on the sensory profile of coffee brews. Cultural familiarity and unfamiliarity with Turkish coffee and espresso played an important role in the perceptions of the participants. Variations in descriptive analysis between two country panelists may arise from language and ethnicity differences, oral physiological parameters such as the sensitivity of the somatosensory system, the culinary culture, and eating habits. For the first time, Turkish coffee and espresso coffee brewing techniques were compared by trained Turkish and Brazilian assessors.
Dismantling the master's house: Epistemological tensions and revelatory interventions for reimagining a transformational family science
Authors: Jones Janine , Hunter Andrea G. , Tarver Shuntay Z.
Published: September 2022

Using Audre Lorde's The Master's Tools as an epistemic guide, we propose two practice interventions for family science (FS) transformative praxes. The first, inspired by the thought of philosopher Charles Mills, challenges FS practitioners (research, practice, and policy) to explore differences in peripheral and positivist & post‐positivist (P&PP) ideologies responsible for differences in beliefs regarding the salience or non‐salience of power differentials within FS. The second, inspired by the thought of philosopher Rudolph Carnap, encourages FS practitioners to consider differences in peripheral and P&PP practitioners' understandings of what FS is at its core, and the beliefs and actions guided by their divergent core understandings. Both revelatory practices are intended to transform FS in such a way that its praxes are informed by these ways of practicing, and so that embodied understandings of the importance of pursuing anti‐racist and social justice objectives within FS become manifest.
Plant‐based meats in China: a cross‐sectional study of attitudes and behaviours
Authors: Chung Jah Ying , Bryant Christopher J. , Asher Kathryn E.
Published: September 2022

Background

This study investigated potential opportunities or challenges for plant‐based meat in the Chinese market. A quantitative framework was applied to determine the current level of familiarity and experience with plant‐based meat among Chinese consumers, the proportion of consumers who would try or purchase plant‐based meat, which demographics within China are most likely to buy plant‐based meat and which attitudes are important in driving the purchase intent of plant‐based meat.

Methods

A pre‐registered cross‐sectional online survey (N = 1206) was distributed to respondents (matched to China's adult population for gender and age).

Results

Respondents reported a variety of dietary identities, with 43.4% reporting that they were reducing or avoiding meat. The majority of respondents (60.1%) said they had eaten plant‐based meat at least once before. Of those who said they had never eaten plant‐based meat, 41.9% intended to try it and 31.4% intended to purchase it. The strongest attitudinal predictor of plant‐based meat purchase intent was perceived healthiness (β = 0.235, p < 0.001), whereas the strongest demographic predictor of plant‐based meat purchase intent was age (β = −0.248, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that an approach based on increasing opportunities for trial, as well as appealing to specific attitudinal and demographic predictors of plant‐based purchase intent, could prove successful in increasing adoption of plant‐based and alternative meat products.
A European update on transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in the COVID era
Authors: Antony Ishan , Mehari Abraha Hyab , Hameed Aamir , Conway Claire
Published: September 2022

Minimally invasive approaches for aortic valve replacement are now at the forefront of pathological aortic valve treatment. New trials show comparability of these devices to existing therapies, not only in high‐risk surgical cohorts but also in low‐risk and intermediate‐risk cohorts. This review provides vital clinical and anatomical background to aortic valvular disease treatment guidelines, while also providing an update on transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices in Europe, their interventional trials and associated complications.
Evaluation of clinical efficacy and laboratory indicators of non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension and hair follicle cell suspension in surgical management of stable vitiligo: A randomized comparative trial
Authors: Challa Apoorva , Chauhan Suman , Pangti Rashi , Arava Sudheer Kumar , Prajapati Sapna , Pandey Anjali , Gupta Somesh
Published: September 2022

Background

Non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension (ECS) and hair follicle cell suspension (HFCS) are well‐established methods of surgical treatment of stable vitiligo.

Aims

The aim of the present study was to compare the laboratory indicators and clinical efficacy of ECS and HFCS in the treatment of stable vitiligo.

Methods

This was a single centre, open‐labeled randomized trial. Vitiligo patches from 74 patients were randomized to receive either ECS or HFCS. Both cell suspensions were analyzed for total cell count, cell viability and melanocyte count. Percentage re‐pigmentation was assessed at regular intervals for 36 weeks.

Results

The percentage re‐pigmentation with ECS was significantly higher than HFCS at week 4 (p = .01) and week 16 (p = .03) however, no difference was observed at weeks 24 (p = .38) and 36 (p = .05). Forty‐seven patients completed the study follow‐up duration and excellent re‐pigmentation (>90%) was achieved in 61.7% and 53.2% and complete re‐pigmentation (100%) was observed in 6.4% and 12.8% of participants using ECS and HFCS, respectively. Significantly higher cell yield (p < .01) and percentage of HMB45+ melanocytes (p = .01) were obtained using ECS. No difference was noted in the percentage of viable cells or S100 + melanocytes.

Conclusion

The median cell yield was eight times higher in ECS than in HFCS with a significantly higher percentage of HMB45+ melanocytes in the former group. The median percentage of re‐pigmentation in both groups was 90% at the end of 36 weeks. ECS provides faster re‐pigmentation; however, both ECS and HFCS have comparable safety and efficacy over a longer duration of follow‐up.
What guy wouldn't want it? Male victimization experiences with female‐perpetrated stranger sexual harassment
Authors: Erentzen Caroline , Salerno‐Ferraro Alisha C. , Schuller Regina A.
Published: September 2022

The present research explored female‐perpetrated stranger sexual harassment of young male victims. Across two studies, male participants aged 16–23 reported that they had experienced a range of unwanted sexual attention from unknown female perpetrators, including both in‐person harassment (e.g., seductive behavior and catcalls, unwanted sexual touching) and online harassment (e.g., unsolicited sexual text messages and images, requests for nude self photos). Participants reported that in‐person sexual harassment started as early as 9–12 years of age and online harassment began between 12–14 years of age. Open‐ended descriptions of these early events revealed troubling narratives of non‐consensual sexual touching, forcibly removed clothing, groping, aggression, and being followed, with much of it committed by adult women. Participants recounted being asked, in adolescence, to send nude photos and receiving persistent sexual demands, often from older women. In addition, participants reported uncertainty with gender role expectations, believing that they were supposed to enjoy sexual attention but in reality finding it disturbing and unpleasant. Practical implications, policy recommendations, and future directions are discussed.
Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and short‐term survival outcomes in South American camelids: A retrospective study of 54 cases (2005‐2021)
Authors: Bennett Samuel J. , Adkins Pamela R. F. , Schultz Loren G. , Walker Kelsey E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly analyzed in South American camelids with suspected neurologic disease because of ease of collection and characteristic findings associated with certain diseases.

Objectives

To assess CSF findings associated with short‐term survival or non‐survival in South American camelids in which neurologic disease was a differential diagnosis based on history and physical examination.

Animals

Twenty‐one llamas and 33 alpacas that underwent CSF analysis at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records of camelids that underwent CSF analysis between January 2005 and September 2021 were studied. Short‐term survival was defined as survival to discharge from the Veterinary Health Center. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare species, CSF results, and survival.

Results

Odds of survival were 3.9 times higher in camelids with a total nucleated cell count (TNCC) <3 cells/μL (P = .04). No significant association was found between survival and total protein concentration (TPC;P = .15) or percentage of eosinophils (P = 1.0). No significant correlation was found between species and increased TNCC (P = .63), TPC (P = .55), or percentage of eosinophils (P = .30). Among camelids diagnosed withParalephostrongylus tenuisinfestation, odds of survival were 4.95 times higher in alpacas (P = .05).

Conclusions

Cerebrospinal fluid TNCC ≥3 cells/μL is associated with decreased odds of short‐term survival in South American camelids.
Romanticism and the everyday
Authors: Ostas Magdalena
Published: September 2022

This essay surveys recent scholarship in the study of Romanticism that takes an interest in the concept of the everyday. Why does the everyday have pull and import for scholars of British literature and culture in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century? This essay argues that the power of the everyday as a concept extends far beyond its expected meaning or its simple association with day‐to‐day or conventional life. First, this essay shows that in Romantic scholarship the everyday, instead, often indicates a mode of understanding, a framework for reading the past and present—what I call the everyday as historiographic method. Second, this essay shows that in strains of literary criticism that take the adjacent concept of the “ordinary” as a persistent concern, the everyday is not a method but an aspiration or an achievement. This lineage of thinking about the everyday, I argue, in the field inspired by the writings of the later Wittgenstein loosely described as “ordinary language philosophy” remains largely peripheral in the field of literary studies today. This essay thus aims to highlight new contributions in Romantic scholarship at the crossroads of literary and philosophical thinking.
First insight into oral microbiome diversity in Papua New Guineans reveals a specific regional signature
Authors: Pedro Nicole , Brucato Nicolas , Cavadas Bruno , Lisant Valentine , Camacho Rui , Kinipi Christopher , Leavesley Matthew , Pereira Luisa , Ricaut François‐Xavier
Published: September 2022

The oral microbiota is a highly complex and diversified part of the human microbiome. Being located at the interface between the human body and the exterior environment, this microbiota can deepen our understanding of the environmental impacts on the global status of human health. This research topic has been well addressed in Westernized populations, but these populations only represent a fraction of human diversity. Papua New Guinea hosts very diverse environments and one of the most unique human biological diversities worldwide. In this study we performed the first known characterization of the oral microbiome in 85 Papua New Guinean individuals living in different environments, using a qualitative and quantitative approach. We found a significant geographical structure of the Papua New Guineans oral microbiome, especially in the groups most isolated from urban spaces. In comparison to other global populations, two bacterial genera related to iron absorption were significantly more abundant in Papua New Guineans and Aboriginal Australians, which suggests a shared oral microbiome signature. Further studies will be needed to confirm and explore this possible regional‐specific oral microbiome profile.
The dynamic response to hypo‐osmotic stress reveals distinct stages of freshwater acclimation by a euryhaline diatom
Authors: Downey Kala M. , Judy Kathryn J. , Pinseel Eveline , Alverson Andrew J. , Lewis Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2022

The salinity gradient separating marine and freshwater environments is a major ecological divide, and the mechanisms by which most organisms adapt to new salinity environments are poorly understood. Diatoms are a lineage of ancestrally marine microalgae that have repeatedly colonized and diversified in freshwaters. Cyclotella cryptica is a euryhaline diatom found in salinities ranging from fully freshwater to fully marine, thus providing a powerful system for understanding the genomic mechanisms for mitigating and acclimating to low salinity. To understand how diatoms mitigate acute hypo‐osmotic stress, we abruptly shifted C. cryptica from seawater to freshwater and performed transcriptional profiling during the first 10 h. Freshwater shock dramatically remodelled the transcriptome, with ~50% of the genome differentially expressed in at least one time point. The peak response occurred within 1 h, with strong repression of genes involved in cell growth and osmolyte production, and strong induction of specific stress defence genes. Transcripts largely returned to baseline levels within 4–10 h, with growth resuming shortly thereafter, suggesting that gene expression dynamics may be useful for predicting acclimation. Moreover, comparison to a transcriptomics study of C. cryptica following months‐long acclimation to freshwater revealed little overlap between the genes and processes differentially expressed in cells exposed to acute stress versus fully acclimated conditions. Altogether, this study highlights the power of time‐resolved transcriptomics to reveal fundamental insights into how cells dynamically respond to an acute environmental shift and provides new insights into how diatoms mitigate natural salinity fluctuations and have successfully diversified across freshwater habitats worldwide.
Task complexity and cognitive load in simulation‐based education: A randomised trial
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Laurence , Rethans Jan‐Joost , Dolmans Diana
Published: September 2022

Introduction

When designing simulation for novices, educators aim to design tasks and environments that are complex enough to promote learning but not too complex to compromise task performance and cause cognitive overload. This study aimed to determine the impact of modulating task and environment complexity on novices' performance and cognitive load during simulation.

Methods

Second‐year pharmacy students (N = 162) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (2 × 2 factorial design) in simulation: simple task in simple environment, complex task in simple environment, simple task in complex environment and complex task in complex environment. Using video recordings, two raters assessed students' performance during the simulation. We measured intrinsic cognitive load (ICL) and extraneous cognitive load (ECL) with questionnaires after the task and tested knowledge after task and debriefing.

Results

Mean performance scores in simple environment were 28.2/32 (SD = 3.8) for simple task and 25.8/32 (SD = 4.2) for complex task. In complex environment, mean performance scores were 24.6/32 (SD = 5.2) for simple task and 25.6/32 (SD = 5.3) for complex task. We found significant interaction effects between task and environment complexity for performance. In simple environment, mean ICL scores were 4.2/10 (SD = 2.2) for simple task and 5.7/10 (SD = 1.5) for complex task. In complex environment, mean ICL scores were 4.9/10 (SD = 1.8) for simple task and 5.1/10 (SD = 1.9) for complex task. There was a main effect of task complexity on ICL. For ECL, we found neither an interaction effect nor main effects of task and environment complexity. There was a main effect of task complexity on knowledge test after task and main effects of both task and environment complexity on knowledge after debriefing.

Conclusions

Performance was good, and cognitive load remained reasonable in all conditions, which suggests that, despite increased complexity, students seemed to strategically manage their own cognitive load and learn from the simulations. Our findings also indicate that environmental complexity contributes to ICL.
Irisin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HG/HF incubated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells with H/R injury
Authors: Xin Chao , Zhang Jinglong , Hao Ningbo , Wang Jianan , Liu Hui , Wei Hanwen , Wang Yong , Wang Chengzhu , Wang Shuo , Zheng Chengrong , Zhang Zheng , Jin Zhitao
Published: September 2022

Purpose

NLRP3 inflammasome mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and diabetic vascular endothelia dysfunction. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in MI/R injury with diabetes has not been fully described. Irisin plays an important role in anti‐inflammation and improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of irisin on regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in diabetic vascular endothelia dysfunction.

Methods

Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were cultured and subjected to high glucose/high fat (HG/HF) receiving hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) with irisin incubation or not. Then, apoptosis, viability, migration, NO secretion, and inflammasome activation were examined.

Results

The hypoxic CMECs exhibited increased apoptosis, impaired viability, and migration, even decreased NO secretion and enhanced inflammasome activation. Moreover, irisin incubation decreased NLRP3 activation and attenuated cell injury in HG/HF cultured CMECs subjected to H/R injury, which was abolished by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome siRNA also attenuated H/R injury in CMECs under HG/HF condition.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrated for the first time that irisin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CMECs as a novel mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes.
CircRNA SRRM4 affects glucose metabolism by regulating PKM alternative splicing via SRSF3 deubiquitination in epilepsy
Authors: Zhao Wujun , Li Miaomiao , Wang Shuai , Li Zhuang , Li Han , Li Shaoyi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Several reports suggest that epigenetic therapy may be a potential method for treating epilepsy, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in mediating the epigenetic mechanisms associated with epilepsy; however, currently there are no effective treatment methods to prevent the progression of epileptogenesis. The circRNA serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 (circSRRM4) was found to exert regulatory effects in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); however, the mechanisms involved are still unknown.

Materials and methods

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of circSRRM4, we investigated human epileptic brain tissue, epileptic rats, neuron and astrocyte cell lines using RT‐qPCR, western blot, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl stain, micro‐PET‐CT, RNA‐pulldown, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and RBP immunoprecipitation techniques. Furthermore, we evaluated the pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) expression patterns in the human and rat models of TLE.

Results

We detected the increased circSRRM4 expression in the hypometabolic lesions of patients with TLE and discovered that circSrrm4 has specific spatiotemporal characteristics in rats with kainic acid‐induced epilepsy. The decreased PKM1 expression and increased PKM2 expression were similar to the Warburg effect in tumours. Notably, circSrrm4 silencing reduced the incidence and frequency of epilepsy, improved local hypometabolism, and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation.

Conclusion

PKM2 promotes lactic acid production in the astrocytes by inducing glycolysis, thereby contributing to the energy source for epileptic seizures. Notably, circSRRM4 combines with and inhibits serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) from joining the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, improving the SRSF3‐regulated alternative splicing of PKM, and consequently stimulating glycolysis in cells.
PpyABF3 recruits the COMPASS‐like complex to regulate bud dormancy maintenance via integrating ABA signaling and GA catabolism
Authors: Yang Qinsong , Wu Xinyue , Gao Yuhao , Ni Junbei , Li Jinjin , Pei Ziqi , Bai Songling , Teng Yuanwen
Published: September 2022

Bud dormancy is essential for perennial trees that survive the cold winters and to flower on time in the following spring. Histone modifications have been reported to be involved in the control of the dormancy cycle and DAM/SVPs are considered targets. However, how the histone modification marks are added to the specific gene loci during bud dormancy cycle is still unknown.

Using yeast‐two hybrid library screening and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we found that PpyABF3, a key protein regulating bud dormancy, recruits Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1‐like complex via interacting with PpyWDR5a, which increases the H3K4me3 deposition at DAM4 locus.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PpyGA2OX1 was downstream gene of PpyABF3 and it was also activated by H3K4me3 deposition. Silencing of GA2OX1 in pear calli and pear buds resulted in a similar phenotype with silencing of ABF3. Furthermore, overexpression of PpyWDR5a increased H3K4me3 levels at DAM4 and GA2OX1 loci and inhibited the growth of pear calli, whereas silencing of PpyWDR5a in pear buds resulted in a higher bud‐break percentage.

Our findings provide new insights into how H3K4me3 marks are added to dormancy‐related genes in perennial woody plants and reveal a novel mechanism by which ABF3 integrates abscisic acid signaling and gibberellic acid catabolism during bud dormancy maintenance.
A transporter of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid affects thallus growth and fertility in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Li Dongdong , Dierschke Tom , Roden Stijn , Chen Kunsong , Bowman John L. , Chang Caren , Van de Poel Bram
Published: September 2022

In seed plants, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) is the precursor of the plant hormone ethylene but also has ethylene‐independent signaling roles. Nonseed plants produce ACC but do not efficiently convert it to ethylene. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ACC is transported by amino acid transporters, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER 1 (LHT1) and LHT2. In nonseed plants, LHT homologs have been uncharacterized.

Here, we isolated an ACC‐insensitive mutant (Mpain) that is defective in ACC uptake in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Mpain contained a frameshift mutation (1 bp deletion) in the MpLHT1 coding sequence, and was complemented by expression of a wild‐type MpLHT1 transgene. Additionally, ACC insensitivity was re‐created in CRISPR/Cas9‐Mplht1 knockout mutants. We found that MpLHT1 can also transport l‐hydroxyproline and l‐histidine.

We examined the physiological functions of MpLHT1 in vegetative growth and reproduction based on mutant phenotypes. Mpain and Mplht1 plants were smaller and developed fewer gemmae cups compared to wild‐type plants. Mplht1 mutants also had reduced fertility, and archegoniophores displayed early senescence.

These findings reveal that MpLHT1 serves as an ACC and amino acid transporter in M. polymorpha and has diverse physiological functions. We propose that MpLHT1 contributes to homeostasis of ACC and other amino acids in M. polymorpha growth and reproduction.
The moderating role of information and communication technology in the nexus between financial development, economic growth and energy consumption
Authors: Ahmed Jaleel , Raies  , Farooq Umar , Subhani Bilal Haider
Published: September 2022

This study exposes the potential role of financial development to determine economic growth and utilisation of energy. Moreover, it also identifies how information communication technology (ICT) moderates this relationship. By sampling a large range of data from 138 economies for the year 1980–2020, the current study employs the panel least square model to test the regression. The result reveals that economic growth and information communication technology have a positive significant impact on energy utilisation. Financial advancement has a direct significant effect on energy utilisation and economic growth. Similarly, the moderating role of ICT was also observed in the current analysis. The current analysis guides policymakers on the relevant role of financial development in improving the economic status and consumption of energy. The policymakers in these various countries should balance the connection between the supply and demand of energy to accomplish the sustained development of the economies. Furthermore, the analysis speaks about the significance of ICT in boosting energy consumption and gives an important policy recommendation regarding the role of ICT both in economic growth and energy utilisation.
The Osteoarthritis Natural Progress and Changes in Intraosseous Pressure of the Guinea Pig Model in Different Degeneration Stages
Authors: Wang Shuo , Ma Jianxiong , Zhao Xingwen , Xue Yuan , Liu Wei , Huang Hongchao , Zhang Lei , Tian Aixian , Ma Xinlong
Published: September 2022

Objective

Articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes during the pathological progress of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a key event marking the development of the disease. The age varying alteration patterns within entire osteochondral unit remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find a reasonable age range of the Dunkin–Hartley guinea pig model for the studying of KOA pathological process, and to investigate Intraosseous pressure (IOP) in the process during different degeneration stages of KOA.

Methods

Male Dunkin–Hartley guinea pigs were selected and divided into groups of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months old by age, 10 in each group. All knees underwent imaging examination including X‐ray, Micro‐CT and MRI. Observed the imaging findings with the use of Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) classification and knee osteoarthritis MRI scores. Measured the IOP of distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) in each group, and observed the differences of bilateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage in histological and immunohistochemistry, staining results were evaluated by using Mankin's score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t‐tests were used to compare the differences indicators between groups.

Results

With the increase of age, changes in X‐ray, Micro‐CT and MRI imaging findings and pathological staining results of articular cartilage in all stages were consistent with the changing of degenerative KOA process. The IOP of DF and PT increased gradually with age, and reached its peak in 12‐month age group, and then gradually decreased, there was a statistically significant difference of IOP between each group. The IOP of DF was slightly higher than that of PT, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Dunkin–Hartley guinea pigs can be used as an animal model to study different pathological stages of KOA. There might be a correlation between the changes of IOP and the pathological progress of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in DF and PT.
Real‐world results with IgPro20 for hypo‐ or agammaglobulinemia in Japan
Authors: Imai Kohsuke , Ishii Tomonori , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Yasumi Takahiro , Kanegane Hirokazu , Fukushima Taku , Matsumaru Masayuki , Akasaki Tetsushi , Usui Hideo
Published: September 2022

Background

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin is one of the standard treatments for hypogammaglobulinemia in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) worldwide. In Japan, IgPro20 (Hizentra®; l‐proline‐stabilized 20% human subcutaneous immunoglobulin) is approved for agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia due to PID or secondary immunodeficiency (SID); however, its safety and effectiveness has not previously been assessed in a real‐world setting.

Methods

This multicenter, open label post‐marketing surveillance study was conducted between January 2014 and March 2019. Patients who received IgPro20 due to PID or SID were included after informed consent. Physicians completed a case report form for each patient. Safety was determined from reported adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions, and serious AEs (SAEs); effectiveness was assessed by infection rates after the first IgPro20 dose.

Results

Of 85 patients receiving IgPro20 in the safety analysis, 39 developed AEs (45.9%; PID n = 28, SID n = 11). At least one adverse drug reaction was observed in 27 patients (31.8%; PID n = 21, SID n = 6), and the most common were injection site reactions (n = 17, 20.0%). Four patients (PID n = 3, SID n = 1) reported SAEs but two were unrelated to IgPro20 administration. The infection rate decreased from 0.54 per patient during the 6 months before IgPro20 to 0.39 per patient during IgPro20 treatment. Serious bacterial infections occurred in six patients before IgPro20 (7.9%; PID n = 2; SID n = 4) but in only one patient with SID during IgPro20 treatment (1.2%).

Conclusions

In Japan, IgPro20 was considered safe and effective among patients with agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia due to PID or SID.
What's age got to do with it? A primer and review of the workplace aging literature
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Kanfer Ruth , Kooij Dorien T. A. M. , Truxillo Donald M.
Published: September 2022

As populations in the United States and around the world continue to age, it has become increasingly important to understand how organizations can create working conditions that attract, support, and retain workers across the lifespan. In this paper, we provide a primer on current theory and research on age in the workplace. We briefly describe lifespan theories that have guided recent advances in the field, discuss the implications of these theories for an aging workforce, and provide an overview of current research streams that address the work and nonwork factors affecting performance, well‐being, and workforce participation among mature workers. Based on this review, we provide recommendations for future research and practice.
Exogenous strigolactones enhance tolerance in soybean seedlings in response to alkaline stress
Authors: Chen Chen , Xu LianKun , Zhang Xu , Wang Haihang , Nisa Zaib‐un , Jin Xiaoxia , Yu Lijie , Jing Legang , Chen Chao
Published: September 2022

The plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and adaptations to abiotic stresses. Even though the functional roles of SLs have been identified in response to abiotic stresses, the function, and mechanism of SLs are not fully established under alkaline stress. In this study, we identified that exogenous SL could improve alkaline tolerance of soybean seedlings, especially when treated with 0.5 μM SL. The application of SL remarkably reduced the malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes under alkaline stress, suggesting that SL improved the alkaline tolerance by regulating the antioxidant defense capacity. The RNA sequencing data showed 530 special differentially expressed genes under SL treatment and alkaline stress, mainly were associated with antioxidant processes and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Some transcription factors were also induced by SL under alkaline stress as confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, SL largely increased the Na content in leaves and decreased Na content in roots under alkaline stress, which suggested that SL might promote the transport of Na from the roots to the leaves of the soybean seedlings. Meanwhile, exogenous SL decreased the content of other elements such as K, Mg, Fe, and Cu in leaves or roots under alkaline stress. Collectively, our results suggested a role of SL in regulating antioxidant defense capacity, specific gene expression, and alterations in ionic contents to alleviate harmful effects of alkaline stress in soybean seedlings.
A quest for agency in the Anthropocene: Law and environmental movements in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wardana Agung
Published: September 2022

The Anthropocene questions the very foundation of environmental law. Many legal scholars have proposed directions on how environmental law should be transformed to respond to complex challenges in the new geological epoch. However, they tend to avoid questions about which social actors should be regarded as the agents of change to bring about such a transformation. This article addresses the question of agency by considering the experience of Southeast Asia. By employing a comparative perspective, this article reveals that environmental movements are a major agent of change in the Anthropocene because they have been playing a pivotal role in progressing environmental law in the region. However, despite their importance in the region, environmental movements have persistently been confronted by intimidation, repression and even murder.
Characterization of the novel HLA allele, HLA‐C*07:04:01:19, in an individual from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Parsaniya Bansi S. , Pinto Andrea S. , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: September 2022

HLA‐C*07:04:01:19 differs from C*07:04:01:01 by one nucleotide change in gDNA at position 2420 in intron 5.
Theseus: A framework for managing knowledge graphs about geographical divisions and their evolution
Authors: Bernard Camille , Villanova‐Oliver Marlène , Gensel Jérôme
Published: September 2022

This article presents the Theseus Framework designed for the automatic creation of knowledge graphs (KGs) that describe the evolution of geographical divisions (GD) over time. This framework is based on an ontological model dedicated to the representation of evolving GD (e.g., divisions into regions, districts, municipalities). Both the detection and annotation of changes are automated using an algorithm based on several tests that measure the similarity between geographic areas. Theseus supports a complete processing chain that ranges from the preparation of the geographic data, including the detection and annotation of changes (using semantic tags such as fusion, split, etc.), to the generation of KGs ready to be immersed in the Linked Data Web.
Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus outbreak in a pre‐ and post‐cardiothoracic transplant population: Impact of discontinuing multidrug‐resistant organism surveillance during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Rathod Shardul N. , Bardowski Laura , Tse Isabella , Churyla Andrei , Fiehler Monica , Malczynski Michael , Qi Chao , Tanna Sajal D. , Bulger Christine , Al‐Qamari Abbas , Oakley Robin , Zembower Teresa R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Many institutions suspended surveillance and contact precautions for multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic due to a lack of resources. Once our institution reinstated surveillance in September 2020, a vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) faecium outbreak was detected in the cardiothoracic transplant units, a population in which we had not previously detected outbreaks.

Methods

An outbreak investigation was conducted using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis for strain typing and electronic medical record review to determine the clinical characteristics of involved patients. The infection prevention (IP) team convened a multidisciplinary process improvement team comprised of IP, cardiothoracic transplant nursing and medical leadership, environmental services, and the microbiology laboratory.

Results

Between December 2020 and March 2021, the outbreak involved thirteen patients in the cardiothoracic transplant units, four index cases, and nine transmissions. Of the 13, seven (54%) were on the transplant service, including heart and lung transplant recipients, patients with ventricular assist devices, and a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation. Four of 13 (31%) developed a clinical infection.

Discussion

Cardiothoracic surgery/transplant patients may have a similar risk for VRE‐associated morbidity as abdominal solid organ transplant and stem cell transplant patients, highlighting the need for aggressive outbreak management when VRE transmission is detected. Our experience demonstrates an unintended consequence of discontinuing MDRO surveillance in this population and highlights a need for education, monitoring, and reinforcement of foundational infection prevention measures to ensure optimal outcomes.

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Integrative analysis in Pinus revealed long‐term heat stress splicing memory
Authors: Roces Víctor , Lamelas Laura , Valledor Luis , Carbó María , Cañal María Jesús , Meijón Mónica
Published: September 2022

Due to the current climate change, many studies have described main drivers in abiotic stress. Recent findings suggest that alternative splicing (AS) has a critical role in controlling plant responses to high temperature. AS is a mechanism that allows organisms to create an assortment of RNA transcripts and proteins using a single gene. However, the most important roles of AS in stress could not be rigorously addressed because research has been focused on model species, covering only a narrow phylogenetic and lifecycle spectrum. Thus, AS degree of diversification among more dissimilar taxa in heat response is still largely unknown. To fill this gap, the present study employs a systems biology approach to examine how the AS landscape responds to and ‘remembers’ heat stress in conifers, a group which has received little attention even though their position can solve key evolutionary questions. Contrary to angiosperms, we found that potential intron retention may not be the most prevalent type of AS. Furthermore, our integrative analysis with metabolome and proteome data places splicing as the main source of variation during the response. Finally, we evaluated possible acquired long‐term splicing memory in a diverse subset of events, and although this mechanism seems to be conserved in seed plants, AS dynamics are divergent. These discoveries reveal the particular way of remembering past temperature changes in long‐lived plants and open the door to include species with unique features to determine the extent of conservation in gene expression regulation.