bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Public Health Crisis on Communication and Quality of Life: Insights From a Community of Stroke and Brain Trauma Survivors
Authors: Fama Mackenzie E. , Hatfield Brooke , Coyle Suzanne , Richman Melissa S. , Georgeadis Amy C.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to stay-at-home orders and social distancing guidelines that have the potential to greatly impact individuals' behavior and social engagement. Adults recovering from stroke or other brain trauma, who often have communication difficulties and other long-term challenges, are a population already at risk of isolation and lower quality of life. We investigated the impact of public health guidelines and related behavioral changes on self-perceptions of communication abilities and psychosocial factors in this population.

Method

The Stroke Comeback Center, a community-based center for stroke and other brain trauma survivors with communication impairments, disseminated an online survey to current members to investigate changes in communication, social engagement, and quality of life.

Results

Participants (
N
= 50) reported a number of changes in their day-to-day activities that reflect the current social distancing guidelines, such as reduced outings into the community and fewer in-person conversations with those living outside one's home. Overall, feelings of connectedness to others and overall quality of life were reported to be decreased when compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas receptive language abilities and technology skills were reported to have improved. Perhaps most interestingly, certain behavioral changes (including healthy movement activities and participation in virtual programs) had specific relationships with perceived communication abilities and social engagement.

Conclusions

Changes in daily life resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have had a tangible impact on self-perceived psychosocial elements (e.g., quality of life) and communication abilities among stroke and other brain trauma survivors. Clinicians and researchers may consider these perceived changes when engaging with this population as the effects of the pandemic continue and in the period of community re-entry that may follow.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14830881
It's Not Such a Small World After All: The Intersection of Food, Identity, and the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Leslie Paula , Xia Bridget , Yoo Jaemin
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Working with patients and families with different cultural backgrounds is now commonplace in all areas of speech-language pathology. This includes supporting those with eating, drinking, and swallowing problems. Becoming more culturally sensitive as clinicians requires us to think less ofthem versus us,and insteadwhat matters to them,andhow best for us to provideexpert care.

Our starting point for this important topic is not how we tweak our clinical recommendations to fit someone's “culture.” Rather, let us examine what is culture and how should it factor into our professional work? We need to understand how our patients and families view health and well-being, or lack thereof, in general. This will enable us to frame our support and offer optimal care to all stakeholders. This leads naturally to a consideration of the concepts of autonomy, informed consent, and how these factor into person-centered care, and shared decision making.

Conclusions

As well as gaining an understanding of the frameworks of health and illness, we consider how food and drink are much more than mere nutrition and hydration. Foods signal our individual and collective identities. Thus, to be a respectful and professional clinician, we need to appreciate our role as a cultural guest with all whom we serve. We propose that there is no such thing as being “culturally competent.” Expert clinicians possess a respect for the patient and theirexpertise-by-experienceof health and illness. Such respect is founded in the position of cultural humility, to be a guest of someone's world view, in the same way that we respect being a guest in a patient's physical home.
Parametric identification of output error model for sampled systems with integer‐type time delay subject to load disturbance with unknown dynamics
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Liu Tao , Wang Qing‐Guo
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a bias‐eliminated output error (OE) model identification method is proposed for single‐input‐single‐output sampled systems with integer‐type time delay subject to load disturbance with unknown dynamics. By viewing the load disturbance response as a time‐variant parameter, an iterative least‐squares identification algorithm is established to estimate the rational model parameters together with an integer‐type delay parameter, while the disturbance response could be simultaneously estimated. To overcome the adverse effect of stochastic noise involved with output measurement, an auxiliary model is constructed to predict the noise‐free system response. Moreover, a set of adaptive forgetting factors is introduced to expedite the convergence rate of model parameter estimation and the tracking performance of load disturbance response, respectively. In addition, a monotonically rising profile for evaluating the delay parameter is proposed for implementing the above iterative least‐squares algorithm, in order to avoid the occurrence of multiple local minima of the loss function for model fitting. The asymptotic convergence on estimating the rational model parameters together with the delay parameter is analysed with a proof. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.
KMT-2018-BLG-1743: planetary microlensing event occurring on two source stars
Authors: Han Cheongho , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Doeon , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W.
Published: July 2021

Aims. We present the analysis of the microlensing event KMT-2018-BLG-1743. The analysis was conducted as a part of the project, in which previous lensing events detected in and before the 2019 season by the KMTNet survey were reinvestigated with the aim of finding solutions of anomalous events with no suggested plausible models.

Methods. The light curve of the event, with a peak magnification Apeak ~ 800, exhibits two anomaly features, one around the peak and the other on the falling side of the light curve. An interpretation with a binary lens and a single source (2L1S) cannot describe the anomalies. By conducting additional modeling that includes an extra lens (3L1S) or an extra source (2L2S) relative to a 2L1S interpretation, we find that 2L2S interpretations with a planetary lens system and a binary source best explain the observed light curve with Δχ2 ~ 188 and ~91 over the 2L1S and 3L1S solutions, respectively. Assuming that these Δχ2 values are adequate for distinguishing the models, the event is the fourth 2L2S event and the second 2L2S planetary event. The 2L2S interpretations are subject to a degeneracy, resulting in two solutions with s > 1.0 (wide solution) and s < 1.0 (close solution).

Results. The masses of the lens components and the distance to the lens are (Mhost/M⊙,Mplanet/MJ,DL/kpc)~(0.19−0.111+0.27,0.25−0.14+0.34,6.48−1.03+0.94) and ~(0.42−0.25+0.34,1.61−0.97+1.30,6.04−1.27+0.93) according to the wide and close solutions, respectively. The source is a binary composed of an early G dwarf and a mid M dwarf. The values of the relative lens-source proper motion expected from the two degenerate solutions, μwide ~ 2.3 mas yr−1 and μclose ~ 4.1 mas yr−1, are substantially different, and thus the degeneracy can be broken by resolving the lens and source from future high-resolution imaging observations.
Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B0656+14 with SRG/eROSITA andXMM-Newton
Authors: Schwope Axel , Pires Adriana M. , Kurpas Jan , Doroshenko Victor , Suleimanov Valery F. , Freyberg Michael , Becker Werner , Dennerl Konrad , Haberl Frank , Lamer Georg , Maitra Chandreyee , Potekhin Alexander Y. , Ramos-Ceja Miriam E. , Santangelo Andrea , Traulsen Iris , Werner Klaus
Published: July 2021

We present a detailed spectroscopic and timing analysis of X-ray observations of the bright pulsar PSR B0656+14. The observations were obtained simultaneously with eROSITA andXMM-Newtonduring the calibration and performance verification phase of the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission (SRG). The analysis of the 100 ks deep observation of eROSITA is supported by archival observations of the source, includingXMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and NICER. UsingXMM-Newtonand NICER, we first established an X-ray ephemeris for the time interval 2015 to 2020, which connects all X-ray observations in this period without cycle count alias and phase shifts. The mean eROSITA spectrum clearly reveals an absorption feature originating from the star at 570 eV with a Gaussianσof about 70 eV that was tentatively identified in a previous longXMM-Newtonobservation. A second previously discussed absorption feature occurs at 260–265 eV and is described here as an absorption edge. It could be of atmospheric or of instrumental origin. These absorption features are superposed on various emission components that are phenomenologically described here as the sum of hot (120 eV) and cold (65 eV) blackbody components, both of photospheric origin, and a power law with photon index Γ = 2 from the magnetosphere. We created energy-dependent light curves and phase-resolved spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The phase-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the Gaussian absorption line at 570 eV is clearly present throughout ~60% of the spin cycle, but it is otherwise undetected. Likewise, its parameters were found to be dependent on phase. The visibility of the line strength coincides in phase with the maximum flux of the hot blackbody. If the line originates from the stellar surface, it nevertheless likely originates from a different location than the hot polar cap. We also present three families of model atmospheres: a magnetized atmosphere, a condensed surface, and a mixed model. They were applied to the mean observed spectrum, whose continuum fit the observed data well. The atmosphere model, however, predicts distances that are too short. For the mixed model, the Gaussian absorption may be interpreted as proton cyclotron absorption in a field as high as 1014G, which is significantly higher than the field derived from the moderate observed spin-down.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Pasini T. , Brüggen M. , Hoang D. N. , Ghirardini V. , Bulbul E. , Klein M. , Liu A. , Shimwell T. W. , Hardcastle M. J. , Williams W. L. , Botteon A. , Gastaldello F. , van Weeren R. J. , Merloni A. , de Gasperin F. , Bahar Y. E. , Pacaud F. , Ramos-Ceja M.
Published: July 2021

Context.During the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma eROSITA telescope, the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) was carried out. It covers a 140 deg2field located at 126° < RA < 146° and–3° < Dec < + 6° with a nominal unvignetted exposure over the field of 2.2 ks. Five hundred and forty-two candidate clusters and groups were detected in this field, down to a flux limitFX~10–14erg s–1cm–2in the 0.5–2 keV band.

Aims.In order to understand radio-mode feedback in galaxy clusters, we study the radio emission of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) of eFEDS clusters and groups, and we relate it to the X-ray properties of the host cluster.

Methods.Using LOFAR, we identified 227 radio galaxies hosted in the BCGs of the 542 galaxy clusters and groups detected in eFEDS. We treated non-detections as radio upper limits. We analysed the properties of radio galaxies, such as redshift and luminosity distribution, offset from the cluster centre, largest linear size, and radio power. We studied their relation to the intracluster medium of the host cluster.

Results.We find that BCGs with radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) are more likely to lie close to the cluster centre than radioquiet BCGs. There is a clear relation between the cluster X-ray luminosity and the 144 MHz radio power of the BCG. Statistical tests indicate that this correlation is not produced by biases or selection effects in the radio band. We see no apparent link between largest linear size of the radio galaxy and the central density in the host cluster. Converting the radio luminosity into kinetic luminosity, we find that radiative losses of the intracluster medium are in an overall balance with the heating provided by the central AGN. Finally, we tentatively classify our objects into disturbed and relaxed based on different morphological parameters, and we show that the link between the AGN and the ICM apparently holds for both subsamples, regardless of the dynamical state of the cluster.
Hardening Characteristics of Self-healing Cement Mortars
Authors: Ye Tong , Liu Zhuangzhaug , Li Lin
Published: July 2021

In water conservancy and transportation engineering, self-healing cement has been widely used. This paper researches the optimal water-cement ratio of self-healing cement mortar to obtain the best basic performance, and on this basis, researches the occasional effect of self-healing agent and fibers on the mechanical properties of cement mortar. In addition, the research on the shrinkage characteristics and impermeability of cement mortar by self-healing agent was carried out to provide the basis for the curing methods of bacterial cement in the project. Finally, the microstructure of self-healing cement provides a theoretical basis for the macroscopic performance. The results show that the best water-cement ratio of the self-healing cement mortar is 0.42, and the fiber can effectively improve the toughness of the material. In addition, bacterial can increase the auto-shrinkage and impermeability of cement. These results will offer valuable experience for experimenters to assist the experiment work.
Research on Alternative Passage of Suez Canal
Authors: Wu Jialu , Xu Di
Published: July 2021

The paper analyses the possible alternative routes of Suez Canal and establishes the model to decide under what conditions a container vessel should deviate from its original route. Some suggestions are proposed to help shipping companies to make decisions. The result shows that time of canal congestion is the most important factor for ships to make decisions, the blockage has great impact on Asia-Mediterranean route, and the selection time of detour is further extended considering the time value of cargo.
Research on image recognition method of rock and soil porous media based on dithering algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Hewen , Bai Jinyong
Published: July 2021

Rock-soil mass is a kind of material with complex internal structure, and its macro-mechanical response and failure process are influenced by internal microscopic composition and structure. Based on the research results of digital image technology in quantitative aspects of internal structure of rock and soil, a method for segmentation of rock and soil pore images based on dithering algorithm and statistical method for multiple parameters of pores is proposed in this paper. The result of verification shows that the pore recognition method proposed in this paper is reliable, can obtain the pore distribution and related parameters quickly and effectively, which has certain academic value and research significance.
Visualization Method of TOD Development Process Based on Big Data
Authors: Youke Wang
Published: July 2021

With the rapid development of urbanization and motorization in China, the urban problems such as low-quality land spread and low efficiency of transportation are becoming increasingly prominent. It has become an effective method to solve the traffic and environment problems by using TOD theory, while mass rail transit has become the best carrier of TOD model. TOD is a powerful means to optimize land use, traffic development and urban planning, which provides a possibility for the organic combination of land use and traffic development. This paper mainly studies the visualization method of TOD development process based on big data. In TOD model of urban development guided by public transport, this paper studies and analyzes the planning points of TOD mode, and also studies the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of urban rail transit(URT) to prove the reliability of TOD development process. This paper studies the scale algorithm of rail transit network, and also analyzes the environmental pollution caused by various traffic modes and the land use ratio of TOD types by chart analysis. The experimental results show that the most important vehicle in cities is automobiles, while the energy consumption of Metro light rail is only 0.84, carbon dioxide emissions are 1.21 and noise pollution is 0.42. The pollution caused by it is the smallest, which is worth expanding. In terms of the proportion of type land, residential land is the core of neighborhood, accounting for 62.5%, while urban TOD is mainly used for core land, accounting for 55%. In the type land, different types of land use main functions are different.
Investigation and type analysis of traditional residential buildings in Qinghai section of "Silk Road"
Authors: Yan-Jun Li , Jing-Fan Huang
Published: July 2021

This paper takes the traditional residential architecture culture of Qinghai section of the land Silk Road culture as the breakthrough point. A large number of historical materials and unearthed cultural relics show that Qinghai section is an important channel of the south line of the ancient Silk Road and an important part and key node of the silk road. However, in the long-term use of local residential buildings, due to the lack of reasonable protection, as the only physical carrier of research and construction technology, it is gradually disappearing around people. Based on the image data collection and cultural background search of the current situation and types of residential buildings along the Silk Road in Qinghai Province, the author summarizes, combs and researches the data of different types of buildings, focusing on the morphological characteristics of residential buildings in different regions and nationalities. Firstly, the author summarizes the natural and cultural environment along the line, and analyzes the distribution characteristics of residential buildings combined with the regional environment background; Secondly, according to the survey records, the paper combs the protection status of residential buildings and the influencing factors of residential buildings, aiming to put forward the thinking path for the later protection and inheritance of residential architectural culture; Finally, along the regional line, the paper explains the national ownership, material selection and architectural characteristics of the residential buildings in each natural area, and summarizes the influencing factors of the residential buildings in the three natural areas along the line, as well as the architectural characteristics of the main types of buildings, such as quadrangles, Zhuangkuo residential buildings, fence buildings, tents and yurts. The purpose of this paper is to supplement and improve the research results of the cultural system of traditional dwellings in Qinghai section of the silk road.
Development of “Medical Support Integration” Mode Architecture Design under the Background of Aging
Authors: Li Lexuan
Published: July 2021

Based on the background of aging, the demand of social pension is increasing day by day. In the face of the continuous development of aging, the plight of shortage of pension resources. Based on the analysis of pension buildings at home and abroad, this paper puts forward a new mode of “Medical Support Integration” architecture, and summarizes the design points of the pension medical care combined architecture. The purpose of this paper is to provide a design basis for the construction of comprehensive and sustainable pension buildings, alleviate the plight of the elderly, and from the perspective of the elderly, fully consider the elderly physical and mental needs, improve the integration of medical and nursing care space, and create a paradise for the elderly.
The influence of street-scale built environment on transportation mode choice of travelers around metro stations
Authors: Liu Yanan
Published: July 2021

To understand the determinants of transportation mode choice of travelers around metro stations, more and more built environment attributes have been studied and shown significant results. This study focuses on the impacts of street-scale built environment on the travelers around the metro stations. 754 trips stemming from 309 respondents were collected around Yingkoudao metro station in Tianjin, China. A multinomial logit model was estimated to predict transportation mode choice to/from the study area as a function of socio-demographic information, trip characteristics, and street-scale built environment attributes (including land use mix, road width, the shortest distance to the station, sidewalk width, number of lamps, greenery area, and traffic light presence) along the shortest route between the Yingkoudao metro station and the origin/destination around the station for the choice of metro+walk. The results show that not only the socio-demographic characteristics, but also the distance to the station, land use mix, and number of lamps significantly influence the choice of metro+walk.
Incisional Hernia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chauhan Anurag , Prajapati Devendra K. , Singh Vikas
Published: July 2021

An incisional hernia is being a universal problem and topic of discussion worldwide. There is no clear-cut guideline of abdominal wall closure after major abdominal surgeries that can effectively prevent the occurrence of incisional hernia. We found out that most of the patients presented with pain over previous surgery scar with swelling. The defect was usually larger than 2 cm. Most postoperative patients complaint of pain, seroma, and hematoma formation. There was a minimal recurrence rate after onlay mesh repair in our setup.
Standardizing characterization of membrane active peptides with microfluidics
Authors: Al Nahas Kareem , Keyser Ulrich F.
Published: July 2021

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as important players in the fight against antibiotic resistance. In parallel, the field of microfluidics has matured and its benefits are being exploited in applications of biomimetics and standardized testing. Membrane models are essential tools extensively utilized in studying the activity and modes of action of AMPs. Here, we describe how the utilization of microfluidic platforms in characterizing membrane active peptides can develop a reliable colorful image that classical techniques have rendered black and white.
Parity-time symmetry in parameter space of polarization
Authors: Ding Qi , Wang Muguang , Zhang Jing , Tang Yu , Li Yan , Han Mengyao , Guo Yuxiao , Zhang Naihan , Wu Beilei , Yan Fengping
Published: July 2021

Establishing parity-time (PT) symmetry in non-spatial space is a promising way to simplify the PT-symmetry system structure. In this paper, an implementation of PT symmetry in optical polarization space is reported. By utilizing the polarization multiplexing technology, PT symmetry is formed in overlapping spatial parameter space. The degeneracy of eigenmodes with two distinct PT phases in polarization space is demonstrated. In the PT-symmetric phase, the eigenmodes have real eigenfrequencies that respect PT symmetry, exhibiting broken degeneracy (mode splitting); in the PT-broken phase, the eigenmodes are degenerate with a pair of complex conjugate eigenfrequencies. The sharp-pointed peak filter response in the PT-broken phase due to the strong field localization is characterized, which explains the mode-selection mechanism of PT-symmetry breaking. The polarization-space PT symmetry is applied in a 7-km single-loop optoelectronic oscillator, and a stable single-mode oscillation signal is generated with a phase noise of −138 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and side-mode suppression ratio of 49 dB. The approach expands the parameter spaces to carry out PT symmetry and could promote the integration of the PT-symmetry photon system.
Review of coherent phonon and heat transport control in one-dimensional phononic crystals at nanoscale
Authors: Anufriev Roman , Maire Jeremie , Nomura Masahiro
Published: July 2021

Phononic crystals are the acoustic analogs of photonic crystals and aim at manipulating phonon transport using phonon interference in periodic structures. While such periodic structures are typically two-dimensional, many applications require one-dimensional (1D) wire-like or bulk structures instead. In this Research Update, we summarize the past decade of theoretical and experimental studies of coherent control of phonon and heat transport in one-dimensional phononic crystals. At the hypersonic frequencies, phononic crystals successfully found applications in optomechanical devices at the microscale. However, at higher terahertz frequencies, experimentalists struggle to demonstrate that coherent thermal transport at room temperature is possible at length scales of hundreds of nanometers. Although many theoretical works predict a reduction in the thermal conductivity in 1D phononic crystals due to coherent effects, most observations conclude about the incoherent nature of heat conduction at least at room temperature. Nevertheless, experiments on superlattices and carbon nanotubes have demonstrated evidence of coherent heat conduction even at room temperature in structures with the periodicity of a few nanometers. Thus, further miniaturization and improving fabrication quality are currently the main challenges faced by 1D phononic nanostructures.
Small object recognition with trainable lens
Authors: Wu Zhicheng , Yu Zongfu
Published: July 2021

Lenses are used to form images of objects. They follow a parabolic profile, as dictated by the physics of imaging optics. The clarity of images is essential for object recognition. However, challenging image conditions limit the capability of forming clear images. This happens when objects are very small or far away. Such images make it difficult to apply neural networks for object recognition. Here, we overcome this challenge by replacing the parabolic lens with a trainable lens, which lets us extend the learning process from the digital into the physical world. The lens profile is parameterized by over 10 000 trainable parameters. When used for recognizing small objects with low resolution, the profile adapts to maximize the accuracy of the recognition. The resulting profile could be significantly different from a typical parabolic lens. We show that the object recognition accuracy is improved by more than 25% when the objects are 16 times smaller than their original size. Besides, incorporating the trainable lens before digital computing adds minimal computational time. Our method has potential application in biology, such as cell detection, in the semiconductor industry, such as detecting defects, and in salvage.
Numerical and experimental study of flow structure and heat release distribution in a stratified swirl flame with high-speed PIV and OH* measurements
Authors: Meng Sheng , Wu Shizhi , Zhang Man
Published: July 2021

Stratified swirled flame is widely used in gas turbines and aero engines to achieve low emissions. However, the limitation of implementing laser diagnostic in real combustors acquires more accurate measurements of field information in the flame, especially the unsteady heat release, which relates to a lot of important phenomena, such as combustion instability and blow-off. The present study employs large eddy simulation (LES) combined with a detailed OH* chemiluminescence reaction mechanism to validate the chemiluminescent image of OH* in a stratified swirled flame at the atmosphere condition. 10 kHz particle image velocimetry images and OH* filtered images are recorded during the experiment. The heat release and flow structure of the stratified swirled flame at two different fuel stratification ratios show distinguished flame shapes. In general, the velocity results of LES have good agreement with the measurement. The numerical OH* and heat release comparison reveals a strong dependence on the local strain rate and turbulence level of OH* emissions. It is also noticed that the wrong flame shapes may be deduced from the Abel inversed OH* image since the signals are weak in the outer recirculation zone. This indicates that the strain rate in different regions of stratified swirl flame has a significant impact on OH* signal distribution. The results provide insight into the ability of chemiluminescent emissions, such as OH*, to indicate heat release in more complex industrial flames.
Conjoint influence of environment and load on fatigue life of a bolted aluminum alloy structure
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Sheng-Li , Wang Ji-Pu , Gao Xiaosheng , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an attempt is made to describe the decline in fatigue life of an aluminum alloy structure containing bolted joints under the conjoint influence of an aggressive aqueous environment and loading that is essentially cyclic in nature. In an attempt to project the real situation experienced by an aluminum alloy structure containing bolted joints while in service, an alternate cycle test method was used to essentially include the damage caused by the environment and cyclic loading. A chloride-containing solution was used to simulate the damage caused to the bolted structure upon exposure of the aluminum alloy structure containing a joint to the environment. The nature of fatigue loading was essentially cyclic tension. It was found that following an observable amount of environment-induced damage caused by exposure to a wet–dry environment followed by cyclic loading, the fracture position revealed a noticeable shift from the centerline of the bolt hole to the loading end. This can be attributed to the occurrence of fretting-related damage at the fine microscopic level. Based on an assumption of an average fracture line, a life prediction model was established. Compared with experimental results, the prediction method considering the fracture position to shift from the centerline of the bolt hole does provide results with a reasonably high degree of accuracy. The method proposed in this study does provide a convincing approach for reliable estimation of life, or endurance, of an aluminum alloy structure containing joints.
Leg health of meat chickens: impact on welfare, consumer behaviour, and the role of environmental enrichment
Authors: Phibbs D. V. , Groves P. J. , Muir W. I.
Published: July 2021

The Australian and global chicken meat industries have benefited from rapid improvements in the efficiency of chicken meat production that have been predominantly achieved through genetic selection, optimisation of bird nutrition and improved bird health. However, this has also resulted in morphological changes in the bird with an increase in the prevalence of leg health disorders. Compromised leg health can cause pain and lameness and bodes poorly for bird wellbeing, bird mortality, and economic returns. There are also implications for the consumer who is increasingly mindful of animal welfare and is demanding more welfare friendly products. Accurate on-farm assessment of bird leg health has challenges due to the diversity of leg disorders and the variety of techniques used to assess their severity and impact. Overall prevalence of leg disorders shows great variability between properties (farms) and flocks. Opportunities to improve bird leg health have been the focus of considerable research which has frequently included an evaluation of environmental enrichment as a means to reduce lameness and improve bird mobility. To this end, currently in Australia, 78% of chicken meat is produced under the conditions of the Australian RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme, which requires perches in the birds’ environment. However, the value of perches in providing enrichment and improving bird welfare is unclear. Therefore, this review explores animal welfare and consumer attitudes towards meat chicken welfare, describes leg disorders, outlines techniques for assessing leg health and discusses opportunities to enrich the birds’ environment to improve bird mobility and leg health.
Variation in dichogamy and myophily in two dioecious
Authors: Dias M. A. , Ratnayake R. M. C. S.
Published: July 2021

Duodichogamy and multi-cycle dichogamy are rare forms of temporal separation of staminate and pistillate reproductive functions in angiosperms. We studied the floral phenology, breeding system and pollination of Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. and Bridelia moonii Thwaites, with a particular focus on the alternation of sexual phases to determine variation in their dichogamy. Three dichogamy patterns were identified in B. retusa, including one-cycle dichogamy (staminate → pistillate or pistillate → staminate), duodichogamy (staminate → pistillate → staminate), multi-cycle dichogamy (repeated flowering cycles alternating between staminate and pistillate) and pure staminates. Except for multi-cycle dichogamy, the other dichogamy patterns were prevalent in B. moonii. This study speculated floral mimicry system in Bridelia associated with blowflies.
Self-management of diabetes and associated comorbidities in rural and remote communities: a scoping review
Authors: Rasmussen Bodil , Wynter Karen , Rawson Helen A. , Skouteris Helen , Ivory Nicola , Brumby Susan A.
Published: July 2021

Chronic health conditions are more prevalent in rural and remote areas than in metropolitan areas; living in rural and remote areas may present particular barriers to the self-management of chronic conditions like diabetes and comorbidities. The aims of this review were to: (1) synthesise evidence examining the self-management of diabetes and comorbidities among adults living in rural and remote communities; and (2) describe barriers and enablers underpinning self-management reported in studies that met our inclusion criteria. A systematic search of English language papers was undertaken in PsycINFO, Medline Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, searching for literature indexed from the beginning of the database until 6 March 2020. Essential key concepts were diabetes, comorbidities, self-management and rural or remote. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Six of these reported interventions to promote self-management for adults with diabetes in rural and remote communities and described comorbidities. These interventions had mixed results; only three demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes or health behaviours. All three of these interventions specifically targeted adults living with diabetes and comorbidities in rural and remote areas; two used the same telehealth approach. Barriers to self-management included costs, transport problems and limited health service access. Interventions should take account of the specific challenges of managing both diabetes and comorbidities; telehealth may address some of the barriers associated with living in rural and remote areas.
Implications for clients when nurses view weight as main cause of Type 2 diabetes in primary care
Authors: Smith Cynthia J. , McNaughton Darlene A. , Meyer Samantha B.
Published: July 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often seen as primarily caused by weight, and its amelioration associated with individual behaviour change, which has the potential for negative consequences for people living with the disease. The aims of this study were to explore how weight was framed by diabetes resource nurses and to determine the implications of that framing for nurse practice in a primary care setting in Australia. The research was a qualitative empirical case study using semistructured interviews with nurses focusing on meanings and interpretations. The findings were interpreted using a constructivist epistemology of both inductive and deductive inference. The study found that nurses viewed overweight and obesity as unhealthy and the primary causes of T2D, and that weight was frequently discussed in the health care encounter. Nurses emphasised individual responsibility through behaviour change to manage T2D, downplaying other known causes such as age and family history and important social inequalities. Studies show that nurses have negative attitudes towards overweight and obese patients. The implications of this research are that the nurses’ views could potentially negatively affect clients’ management of T2D, which has the potential for poor health outcomes.
EMI-cum-acceleration policy in the contemporary transnational HE market
Authors: Barnawi Osman Z.
Published: July 2021

Conceptualizing EMI-cum-acceleration policy in a transnational HE market as the regulation and
institutionalization of language practices through a chronometrical approach to time for the sake of global economic competition
and social mobility, this qualitative case study explores the experiences and enactments of such a policy by six engineering
students at Manar University (a pseudonym) in Saudi Arabia. The data were gathered from analysis of policy documents, individual
interviews, and a group interview. The findings reveal that the ways in which each student negotiates, resists, and desires such a
policy suggest that an individual has some temporal resources and autonomy to make sense of “the acceleration experience” within
the broader “structural forces of acceleration” (Vostal, 2016, p. 117) created at the
university. It was also found that students are positioned in a double-bind-between the capitalist logic of accumulation and
competition (speed), and the democratic value of equity in the EMI program.
Implementing English-medium instruction
Authors: Sahan Kari
Published: July 2021

As part of the trend toward internationalization of higher education, governments and universities have introduced
policies to encourage the expansion of English-medium instruction (EMI). However, top-down policies do not necessarily translate
to teaching and learning practices. This article provides a case study examining the implementation of undergraduate EMI
engineering programs at a state university in Turkey to explore the gaps that exist between national- and institutional-level EMI
policies and classroom-level practices. Data were collected through policy documents, classroom observations, semi-structured
interviews with teachers, and focus group discussions with students. The findings suggest that the implementation of EMI varies
across classrooms, even within the same university department. Despite policies that envision one-language-at-a-time instruction,
the EMI lecturers in this study varied in terms of language preference and teaching practice in their EMI lectures. Implications
are discussed with respect to policy planning, teacher training, and the expansion of EMI across university contexts.
Fighting an indestructible monster
Authors: Lischka Juliane A.
Published: July 2021

U.S. journalism during the Trump era has experienced numerous legitimacy attacks by the leading political figure. Building on the concepts of institutional legitimacy and intentional trust, this study analyzes legitimation narratives in projections of journalism’s future, using the Harvard University’s NiemanLab Predictions of Journalism from 2017 to 2021. Projectory narratives are meaningful constructions of a field’s future and provide guidance for its actors. The qualitative analysis of a Trump-related subset of predictions (ca. n = 130) convey (1) confrontational narratives of threat, self-reproach, and epistemological authority loss. Confrontational narratives serve to secure consent for suggested transparency and audience relationship building solutions. These (2) solution narratives represent trustification strategies. Lastly, (3) survival narratives aim at regaining authority and agency through legacy mythopoesis and the construction of a cautiously optimistic post-Trump outlook for journalism. Hence, the analysis of projectory narratives reveals how an organizational field collectively prepares for change to regain legitimacy.
Effect of lamellae orientation on tensile properties of directionally solidified Ti–46Al–0.5W–0.5Si alloy
Authors: Fan Jianglei , Liang Liubo , Li Ying , Wu Shen , Wang Xiao , Li Yuwen , Liu Jianxiu , Guo Jingjie
Published: July 2021

For full-lamellar TiAl alloys, mechanical properties can be improved in a wide range of temperature by controlling lamellar orientation parallel to growth direction. However, lamellar controlled TiAl alloys with good properties and large scale are difficult to obtain due to sever interface reaction between TiAl melts and mould materials. In this paper, effect of lamellar orientation on tensile properties of directionally solidified (DS) Ti-46Al-0.5W-0.5Si alloy using oxide ceramics crucible was investigated. DS alloys with parallel lamellar structure had better tensile strength (479MPa) and elongation (0.76%) than that of specimen with equiaxed grains (428MPa, 0.22%). Fracture modes of DS alloys were interlamellar, translamellar mode and both, which depended on the lamellae orientation.
Combined injury: irradiation with skin or bone wounds in rodent models
Authors: Glowacki Julie , Epperly Michael W , Bellare Anuj , Wipf Peter , Greenberger Joel S
Published: July 2021

A radiation combined injury is defined as an injury that occurs in the setting of irradiation, such as those expected after a nuclear accident, radiation dispersal device release (a ‘dirty bomb’), or a nuclear weapon detonation. There is much research on irradiation-associated burns and their healing, but there is less known about other injuries sustained in the context of irradiation. Animal models are limited in their correlations to clinical situations but can support research on specific questions about injuries and their healing. Mouse models of irradiation with skin or bone wounds are validated as highly reproducible and quantitative. They show dose-dependent impairment of wound healing, with later recovery. Irradiation-induced delay of bone wound healing was mitigated to different extents by single doses of gramicidin S-nitroxide JP4-039, a plasmid expressing manganese superoxide dismutase, amifostine/WR2721, or the bifunctional sulfoxide MMS-350. These models should be useful for research on mechanisms of radiation dermal and osseous damage and for further development of new radioprotectors. They also provide information of potential relevance to the effects of clinical radiation therapies.
Design of an ultrafast electron diffractometer with multiple operation modes*
Authors: Hu Chun-Long , Wang Zhong , Shi Yi-Jie , Ye Chang , Liang Wen-Xi
Published: July 2021

Directly resolving structural changes in material on the atomic scales of time and space is desired in studies of many disciplines. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), which combines the temporal resolution of femtosecond-pulse laser and the spatial sensitivity of electron diffraction, is an advancing methodology serving such a goal. Here we present the design of a UED apparatus with multiple operation modes for observation of collective atomic motions in solid material of various morphologies. This multi-mode UED employs a pulsed electron beam with propagation trajectory of parallel and convergent incidences, and diffraction configurations of transmission and reflection, as well utilities of preparation and characterization of cleaned surface and adsorbates. We recorded the process of electron–phonon coupling in single crystal molybdenum ditelluride following excitation of femtosecond laser pulses, and diffraction patterns of polycrystalline graphite thin film under different settings of electron optics, to demonstrate the temporal characteristics and tunable probe spot of the built UED apparatus, respectively.
Tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber*
Authors: Cheng Xu , Zhou Xu , Huang Chen , Liu Can , Ma Chaojie , Hong Hao , Yu Wentao , Liu Kaihui , Liu Zhongfan
Published: July 2021

Optical fiber temperature sensors have been widely employed in enormous areas ranging from electric power industry, medical treatment, ocean dynamics to aerospace. Recently, graphene optical fiber temperature sensors attract tremendous attention for their merits of simple structure and direct power detecting ability. However, these sensors based on transfer techniques still have limitations in the relatively low sensitivity or distortion of the transmission characteristics, due to the unsuitable Fermi level of graphene and the destruction of fiber structure, respectively. Here, we propose a tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF) with the non-destructive integration of graphene into the holes of PCF. This hybrid structure promises the intact fiber structure and transmission mode, which efficiently enhances the temperature detection ability of graphene. From our simulation, we find that the temperature sensitivity can be electrically tuned over four orders of magnitude and achieve up to ∼ 3.34 × 10−3 dB/(cm⋅°C) when the graphene Fermi level is ∼ 35 meV higher than half the incident photon energy. Additionally, this sensitivity can be further improved by ∼ 10 times through optimizing the PCF structure (such as the fiber hole diameter) to enhance the light–matter interaction. Our results provide a new way for the design of the highly sensitive temperature sensors and broaden applications in all-fiber optoelectronic devices.
All-fiber laser seeded femtosecond Yb:KGW solid state regenerative amplifier*
Authors: Lv Renchong , Teng Hao , Song Jiajun , Kang Renzhu , Zhu Jiangfeng , Wei Zhiyi
Published: July 2021

A high efficiency compact Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier using an all-fiber laser seed source was comprehensively studied. With thermal lensing effect compensated by the cavity design, the compressed pulses with energy of 1 mJ at 1 kHz and 0.4 mJ at 10 kHz in sub-400-fs pulse duration using chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) stretcher were demonstrated. A modified Frantz-Nodvik equation was developed to emulate the dynamic behavior of the regenerative amplifier. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the scheme can be scalable to higher energy of multi-mJ, sub-300 fs pulses.