bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery
Authors: Rachid-Casnati Cecilia , Resquín Fernando , Carrasco-Letelier Leonidas
Published: October 2021

The current Global Climate Change, the 2030 Agenda and the Planetary boundaries have driven new development strategies, such as the circular economy, bioeconomy and biorefineries. In this framework, this study analyzes the potential availability and sustainability of the wood supply chain for a small-scale biorefinery aiming at producing 280–300 L of bioethanol per ton dry biomass, consuming 30,000 t of dry biomass per year harvested in a 50 km radius. This wood production goal was assessed from Eucalyptus grandis stands planted for solid wood in northeastern Uruguay. Moreover, to understand the environmental performance of this biomass supply chain, the energy return on investment (EROI), carbon footprint (CF) and potential soil erosion were also assessed. The results showed that the potential wood production would supply an average of 81,800 t of dry mass per year, maintaining the soil erosion below the upper threshold recommended, an EROI of 2.3 and annual CF of 1.22 kg CO2-eq m–3 (2.6 g CO2-eq MJ–1). Combined with the environmental performance of the bioethanol biorefinery facility, these results would show acceptable values of sustainability according to EU Directive 2009/28/ec because the bioethanol CF becomes 1.7% of this petrol’s CF.
Online Prediction of Lead Seizures from iEEG Data
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Han , Shiao Han-Tai , Cherkassky Vladimir
Published: October 2021

We describe a novel system for online prediction of lead seizures from long-term intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recordings for canines with naturally occurring epilepsy. This study adopts new specification of lead seizures, reflecting strong clustering of seizures in observed data. This clustering results in fewer lead seizures (~7 lead seizures per dog), and hence new challenges for online seizure prediction, that are addressed in the proposed system. In particular, machine learning part of the system is implemented using the Group Learning method suitable for modeling sparse and noisy seizure data. In addition, several modifications for the proposed system are introduced to cope with non-stationarity of noisy iEEG signal. They include: (1) periodic re-training of SVM classifier using most recent training data; (2) removing samples with noisy labels from training data; (3) introducing new adaptive post-processing technique for combining many predictions made for 20-second windows into a single prediction for 4 hr segment. Application of the proposed system requires only 2 lead seizures for training the initial model, and results in high prediction performance for all four dogs (with mean 0.84 sensitivity, 0.27 time-in-warning, and 0.78 false-positive rate per day). Proposed system achieves accurate prediction of lead seizures during long-term test periods, 3–16 lead seizures during 169–364 days test period, whereas earlier studies did not differentiate between lead vs. non-lead seizures and used much shorter test periods (~few days long).
Factorization in Molecular Modeling and Belief Propagation Algorithms
Authors: Tian Pu
Published: October 2021

Factorization reduces computational complexity and is therefore an important tool in statistical machine learning of high dimensional systems. Conventional molecular modeling, including molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of molecular systems, is a large research field based on approximate factorization of molecular interactions. Recently, the local distribution theory was proposed to factorize global joint distribution of a given molecular system into trainable local distributions. Belief propagation algorithms are a family of exact factorization algorithms for trees and are extended to approximate loopy belief propagation algorithms for graphs with loops. Despite the fact that factorization of probability distribution is their common foundation, computational research in molecular systems and machine learning studies utilizing belief propagation algorithms have been carried out independently with respective track of algorithm development. The connection and differences among these factorization algorithms are briefly presented in this perspective, with the hope to intrigue further development in factorization algorithms for physical modeling of complex molecular systems.
The Relativistic and the Hidden Momentum of Minkowski and Abraham in Relativistic Energy Wave
Authors: Cardoso D.S.
Published: October 2021

An analysis of the consistency of the Abraham and Minkowski momenta in the determination of the photon trajectory was carried out considering a new principle of conservation of the photon's mechanical energy, in which the photon conserves translational energy in orbital angular momentum when transiting between two media, introducing the relativistic energy wave (REW). The confrontation between REW and the recent theory of space-time waves (ST) was considered, pondering your differences. Throughout this study it was possible to verify that the Abraham momentum appears a relativistic photon ignition device in the transition between two media, acting as the hidden momentum of the Minkowski’s relativistic momentum. The wavy behavior in the matter is relativistic, and the relativistic trajectory appears with delays and advances, with points of synchronization between source-observer. The classical or relativistic trajectories are determined as a function of the angle of incidence and the relative refractive index, by one of two distinct non-additive torques, the classic by Abraham or the relativistic by Minkowski. It was found that the same analysis conducted under the principle of conservation of the mechanical energy of the photon can be treated by an new Doppler, Relativistic Apparent, that can be confused with other Dopplers in the treatment of redshift from distant sources. It was found that the conservation of energy in Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), in the interaction with matter, explains that the synchronization instants are found in the inversion of the OAM, where the advances and delays of REW occur under negligible variations of the OAM, however, opposites.
Sever Oligospermia Treatment with Testicular Sperm Using ICSI
Authors: ZAKARIA Mustafa , AL-IBRAHEEMI , Aya , ENNAJI Mohammed , R.SENHAJI Wassym , ZARQAOUI Mohammed , A.MOSSA Hayder , MAMOUNE MBAYE Modou , LOUANJLI Noureddine
Published: October 2021

Assisted reproductive technology has been developed significantly throughout the past few years, particularly diagnosing and treating male infertility. Many studies have been performed showing that Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a successful method to attain clinical pregnancy and live birth through impaired spermatozoa characteristics or low sperm count, such as severe oligospermia. Severe oligospermia indicates low sperm count, which in some cases leads to azoospermia. Severe oligospermia can be caused by several factors such as genetics or medication. In search of efficient treatment for couples with Severe oligospermia, numerous retrospective and prospective researches have reported high pregnancy and live birth rates through testicular sperm for men with severe oligospermia and cryptozoospermia with or without high sperm DNA damage. The research showed that the use of testicular sperm in combination with ICSI yielded a high pregnancy rate and live births over another source of sperm, such as ejaculated sperms. Moreover, the use of ICSI in severe oligospermia has shown successful fertilization and pregnancy.
Anthropogenic and Climate-Exacerbated Landscape Disturbances Converge to Alter Phosphorus Bioavailability in an Oligotrophic River
Authors: Watt Caitlin , Emelko Monica B , Silins Uldis , Collins Adrian L , Stone Micheal
Published: October 2021

Cumulative effects of landscape disturbance in forested source water regions can alter the storage of fine sediment and associated phosphorus in riverbeds, shift nutrient dynamics and degrade water quality. Here, we examine longitudinal changes in major element chemistry and particulate phosphorus (PP) fractions of river-bed sediment in an oligotrophic river during environmentally sensitive low flow conditions. Study sites along 50 km of the Crowsnest River were located below tributary inflows from sub-watersheds and represent a gradient of increasing cumulative sedi-ment pressures across a range of land disturbance types (harvesting, wildfire, and municipal wastewater discharges). Major elements (Si2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Ti2O, V2O5, P2O5), loss on ignition (LOI), PP fractions (NH4CI-RP, BD-RP, NaOH-RP, HCI-RP and NaOH(85)-RP) and absolute particle size were evaluated for sediments collected in 2016 and 2017. While total PP concentrations were similar across all sites, bioavailable PP fractions (BD-RP, NaOH-RP) increased downstream with increased concentrations of Al2O3 and MnO and levels of landscape disturbance. This study highlights the longitudinal water quality impacts of increasing landscape disturbance on bioavailable PP in fine riverbed sediments and shows how the convergence of climate (wildfire) and anthropogenic (sewage effluent, harvesting, agriculture) drivers can produce legacy effects on nutrients.
Governance and Socioeconomic Factors Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance in European Countries: A Data Panel and Machine-Learning Analysis
Authors: Riaño-Moreno Julian , Romero-Leiton Jhoana P. , Prieto Kernel
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work is to explain the behaviour of the multiresistance percentage of Pseudomona aeruginosa in some countries of Europe through a multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning validation, using data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, the World Health Organization and the World Bank. First, we will use a descriptive analysis and a principal components analysis. Then, we use a k-means clustering to determine the countries and regions that are most affected by the antibiotic resistance. Second, we expand the database by adding some socioeconomic, governance and antibiotic-consumption variables. We then run a data panel regression analysis to determine some functions that relates the multiresistance percentage with those new variables. Finally, we use machine learning techniques to validate a pooling panel data case, using XGBoost and random forest algorithms. The results of the data panel analysis indicate that the most important variables for the multiresistance percentage are corruption control and the rule of law. Similar results are found with the machine learning validation analysis, where the human development index is an additional important variable for the multiresistance percentage.
Deep Muscularis Propria Tumor Invasion Without Lymph Node Metastasis as a Unique Subclassification of Stage IB Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: He Kang , Chen Cheng , Xia Lei , Si Lixiang , Pan Xiaohua , Sun Zijian , Wang Yajing , Jiang Yingying , Shi Yue , Zhou Bin , Wang Shuaiyu , Han Jing , Shen Bo , Zhou Guoren , Wang Xiaohua , Lu Jianwei
Published: October 2021

Background

The prognosis difference based on the depth of tumor muscularis propria invasion in gastric cancer (GC) was still debated.
Methods

A total of 380 patients with pT2 GC after radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed, including 185 in superficial muscularis propria (sMP) group and 195 in deep muscularis propria (dMP) group.
Results

The overall survival (OS) was significantly better for patients in sMP group than for patients in dMP group (P=0.007). In multivariate analysis, depth of tumor invasion, pN stage, age, primary location, positive expression of p53, elevated maximal LDH, elevated initial CA19-9 and AFP level were independent prognostic factors for OS. The sMP group had a significantly better OS than dMP group (P=0.014) in pN0 stage. After further stratification, the survival outcomes were not significantly different between deep muscularis propria tumor invasion without lymph node metastasis (dMPN0) group (stage IB) and superficial muscularis propria tumor invasion with stage 1-2 lymph node metastasis (sMPN1-2) group (stage II) (P=0.100). Patients with adjuvant chemotherapy had a statistically better survival than those without in dMPN0 group (P=0.045) and dMPN0 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy had better OS than sMPN1-2 patients (P=0.015). In addition, greater postoperative survival could be observed in sMPN0 patients than dMPN0 patients in p53-positive group (P=0.002), and similar OS could be seen between dMPN0 patients with p53-positive and T2N1-2 patients (P=0.872).
Conclusion

As a unique subclassification of stage IB GC, appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for patients with dMPN0 stage. In addition, positive expression of p53, elevated LDH could be potential factors in identifying the different prognoses for stage IB GC patients.
Diabetes Mellitus Among Hospitalized Patients in Mukalla City, Yemen: Prevalence, symptoms and complications
Authors: Bin-Ghouth Abdulla Salem , AL-Hamed Riyadh Awadh , Bin-Sema Mohammed Abdualhakem , Bin-Askar Ahmed Hussein , Kanad Essa Saleh , Muhaimudan Mahdi Zaid , Ba-Gubair Akram khamis , Askander Akram Ahmed , Balhman Marei Mohsen , Blhmad Naif Hassan , Al-Rmaay Saleh Naser , Al-Solaimani Mohsen Awadh , Bin-Menif Abdualsalam Khaled , Hassan Mohammed Adel , Mater Mohammed Ahmed , Qhadair Osama Saleh , Mashikhy Wahballah Mohammed , Al-Aqil Nasser Ali
Published: October 2021

The purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the burden of DM among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Mukalla city at eastern Yemen.Patients and methods: It is a cross sectional study among patients admitted to in three main hospitals in Mukalla city. Results: the prevalence of DM among admitted patients to the three hospitals in Mukalla city is 16.6%. Age specific prevalence rate is higher among adults over 40 years (40.3%) than the younger patients (2.2%). In a logistic regression only, age is a determinate factor to DM. The main symptoms and signs of the hospitalized DM patients are: polyurea (72.6%), polydipsia (70.5%), blurring of vision (57.9%), marked loss of weight (54.7%) Paresthesia (51.2%) and polyphagia (34.7%). The main complications among hospitalized DM patients are difficulty of vision (60.8%), Foot ulcer (53.6%) and loss of libido (49.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among hospitalized patients is high.
PRINCIPLE OF RATIONAL LAND USE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   FORPOST LLC, Solovtsov A.
Published: October 2021

The concept of rational land use has existed in management science for a long time, but even now there is no single approach to the interpretation of this concept. Based on the general scientific idea of rationality, it seems logical to assume that the rationality of land use can be considered as a principle in the management of land and property relations. This principle acquires particular importance in the 21st century, which is characterized by the transition to the digital economy as a new content of information, communication and management processes. There are significant changes that have already changed the traditional forms of interaction, contributed to the emergence of new management mechanisms, forms of interaction between participants in land and property relations. Digitization, designed to simplify a number of operations, thus relies on the principle of rationality. The definition of rational land use, which is described in scientific papers, needs some additions. For the real sector of the economy, an important practical task is the development of approaches to digitalization of land use management processes. The subject of this study is the approaches to the organization of management processes of land use in the context of the introduction of digital technologies in Russia. The aim is to analyze the existing approaches to the implementation of the principle of land use in the context of digitalization. Analysis of primary data, scientific and theoretical approaches, idealization and formalization, allow us to consider and evaluate the existing approaches to the concept of rational land use, its detailing and concretization in the problems of today. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the formation of a more complete understanding of the rational use of land. The practical significance is due to the generalization of the scientific and theoretical foundations for the organization of land and property relations based on the principle of rational land use within the framework of the digitalization of the economy
STATUTORY REGULATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES’ ACTIVITIES IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Zimina N.
Published: October 2021

The basis for the statutory regulation of political parties is the consolidation of relevant norms in the federal laws “On Political Parties”, “On Public Associations”, “On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the right to participate in a referendum of citizens of the Russian Federation”, “On Elections of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation”, “On Elections of the President of the Russian Federation”. Political parties have their own organizational and legal basis, have their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives, and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. One of the tasks of the party is to participate in public administration by representing the population’s interests during elections at various levels. The normative legal acts regulating the activities of political parties are updated and amended in accordance with the realities of the life of society. Amendments to the federal legislation on elections and on political parties have been adopted, and a number of conditions governing the establishment and functioning of political parties and their regional branches in the regional dimension have changed dramatically. The amendments to the federal law “On Political Parties” have changed the conditions for the establishment and operation of political parties, in particular, the minimum number of a political party’s members when it is created has been reduced to 500 members; the approaches to voting have been changed. These changes correspond to the state of the modern political process and are aimed at the development of political institutions, including political parties
Industrial economics in the context of globalization: scientific, practical foundations and development priorities
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Marine  Technical University, Krasovskaya I. , Malysheva T. ,   St. Petersburg State Marine  Technical University
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the publication topic is argued by the need for an in-depth study of the globalization process, which is global financial, political and cultural integration, unification, the global division of labour, the planetary migration of capital, human and productive resources, standardization of legislation, and interference of cultures of the world community. The theoretical and practical goals of the publication are to study causal algorithms for the formation of a negative scientific and production balance of the Russian Federation and an increase in disproportions between the import and export of high-tech products, as well as a comparative description of global development as a symbiosis of contradictory trends in the subordination of the world economy to the interests of transnational capital. The theoretical and methodological basis of the publication was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists studying the globalization of the industrial economy due to the intensification of international scientific and technological competition and the expansion of the innovation market, deepening of specialization and division of labour, and the increase in the risks of producing high-tech products at the national and world levels. Scientific novelty lies in the authors’ interpretation of such socio-economic advantages of globalization as economies of scale, stimulation of labour productivity, rationalization of production at the interstate level and the spread of innovative technologies, cost reduction, price regression, achieving sustainable growth in the well-being of society, on the basis of which the development is confirmed global industrial economy on a research basis characterized by such attributes interdependence, asymmetry, regionalization and diversification, regression efficiency, inclusiveness, resource and raw material demarcation, a high degree of uncertainty and of the economic risk. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by an in-depth analysis of the American (based on differentiation of labor and specialization of personnel, demarcation of labor duties, concentration of scientific and production efforts on a purely economic result) and Eurasian (characterized by mobility and compactness of production processes, saving transaction costs, adaptability to market conditions and availability of labour-tolerant staff) strategies for innovative development of industrial economics. Based on a critical rethinking of the American and Eurasian strategies, proposals and recommendations are formulated on the formation of the scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation
SPATIAL STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ULAN-UDE CITY WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SUBURBS
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Badmaev А. , Sharaldaev В. ,   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the processes of suburbanization and transformation of the spatial structure of the city of Ulan-Ude. Modern trends in the growth of Western and historical factors of development, due to socio-economic and historical factors of development. In the 1990s-2000s, because of the decline in agriculture and, as a result, the lack of jobs, the rural population began to migrate massively to the Buryat Republic’s capital. However, the prices for houses and apartments in the city center were unbearable for many migrants, so the purchase of land plots and the construction of houses were affordable for many. The estrangement of agricultural lands and their inclusion in residential areas allowed the city of Ulan-Ude and suburban areas to somewhat expand the territory of settlements and create a huge number of GNPP (gardeners non-profit partnership) and DNPP (dacha non-profit partnership). The city and suburban areas were not ready for such a flow and were not able to provide the newly arrived migrants with social, road transport and communal infrastructure. As a result, the city was surrounded by a suburbia almost devoid of any infrastructure. There are some elements of false urbanization or squatter area, which is a type of urbanization in which the urban population rapid growth is not accompanied by a commensurate increase in urban functions. In recent years, the growth rate of suburban settlements has decreased, mainly due to mortgages, which have become more affordable for the population and the growth of multi-storey construction. In addition, the village is slowly depleting the human resources that feed the city and the suburbs. In other words, those who wanted to move to the city have already moved
Methodological principles of studying the variability of mineral properties in the subsurface
Authors:   Transbaikal State University,, Pavlenko Yu.
Published: October 2021

Inhomogeneities in the structure of the subsoil are manifested at any scale of research, from the heterogeneous structure of a rock fragment to the structure of the earth’s shells. The object of research is minerals in the subsurface. The subject of the study is the natural heterogeneities of a demanded mineral, which provide reliable knowledge about a mineral object, and the goal is to improve the principles of studying industrially valuable accumulations of minerals according to four most important indicators - intensity, extensiveness, accuracy and reliability, which provide a choice of methods for geological and economic assessment of the mineral object. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the principles and methods of the stage-systemic results of geological exploration of various types and industrial types of deposits, takes into account the influence of the geological structure on the characteristics of the spatial variability of the properties of minerals in the subsoil, and makes it possible to increase the reliability of the research results. To clarify the natural heterogeneity, variability of mineral bodies, the methods of modern mathematics, probability theory, and mathematical statistics are used. Methodological principles and methods make it possible to simplify the research process, reduce labour costs, time and funds. The quantitative characteristics of the variability of the most important properties of minerals solve many questions of the methodology of prospecting, exploration, testing and geological and economic assessment of the deposit. They also determine the appropriate degree of study of the deposit for its industrial development, the group of complexity of the geological structure of the deposit, and determine the volume of physical research. The article demonstrates rational methods and practical techniques for using heterogeneous sample information to establish reliable parameters of minerals. They are applicable at the stage of appraisal and exploration of deposits of ore and non-metallic minerals
DIGITALIZATION OF THE POLITICAL PROCESS OF MODERN RUSSIA: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Potanina O.
Published: October 2021

The development of digital technologies, their active implementation in the process of public-power management, and the daily life of citizens are changing the usual forms of political communication, radically transforming the political space. In the scientific community, discussions are held about the feasibility and importance of these processes, value judgments are made about the changes taking place in society; however, the digital transformation of public relations is irreversible and increasingly affects the familiar world. The urgency of this issue is due to the intensive introduction of the latest technologies in the political sphere, that is, its complete digitalization. The object of the research is the political process under the influence of the digital transformation of society in modern Russia. The subject of the study is the impact of the latest digital technologies on the transformation of the political process. The research purpose of the article is to determine the list of trends in the digitalization of the political process in modern Russia. The first task is to consider the issue in the scientific community about the use of digital technologies in the political sphere; the second task involves the analysis of the influence of trends on the transformation of the political process, the third-the identification of the most obvious trends. Digital technologies and prospects of digitalization are considered, taking into account the accumulated experience in the political sphere. The research examines the phenomena of digitalization of the political environment, analyzes digital trends and their impact on changing political communication. The author delineates the prospects and trends of digitalization of the political process. A possible list of trends in digitalization that will be introduced into the political sphere in the coming years, such as trends in the “digital format”, the protection of big data, control, and robotization, which cause modern changes in the political process in modern Russian society, and have an impact on the development of relations between a person and the state, is revealed
THE PROBLEM OF CORRUPTION IN STATE CIVIL SERVICE AS PERCEIVED BY THE PUBLIC (THE CASE OF A REGIONAL STUDY)
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Matveeva Е. , Gladkikh S. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: October 2021

The subject matter of the article is the study of public attitudes in Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass in relation to the problem of corruption which manifests itself in various areas of social relations, in particular, in the system of the state civil service. The aim of the study is to consider the current views on the problem of corruption and countering it in public assessments of the population of Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass. To solve this task statistical and monitoring data from federal research centres have been used, as well as the results of a regional sociological survey conducted by the authors in the municipal divisions of Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass. The methodological basis of the research has been formed by the systemic and neoinstitutional approaches along with the sociological survey. The article presents statistical data of federal sociological institutions (All-Russian Centre for the Study of Public Opinion, Public Opinion Foundation) for the past few years in assessing the problem of corruption by the population. In addition, Transparency International’s 2020 data on the level of perceptions of corruption in the Russian Federation are presented, which make it possible to draw attention to the problems in combating corruption and propose recommendations for improving the state anti-corruption policy. In designing the research questionnaire for their sociological survey, the authors adhere to the principle of problem-based assessment of the current situation regarding the issue of corruption, which has made it possible to evaluate the subject of the research from different angles and to focus on the most challenging issues. It is noted that the understanding of the term “corruption” in the civil service system is associated with the concept of “bribery”, the appropriation of resources and taking advantage of official position. Among the recommendations proposed, the authors would highlight the necessity to continue activities to strengthen measures of countering corruption, to make the work of officials more transparent, to enhance the information campaign among the population to provide information on the responsibility for illegal actions
PODCAST PHENOMENON IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERCULTURAL AND SOCIAL-POLITICAL EVENTS’ REPRESENTATION
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Konkin А.
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the podcast as a research subject of modern political and sociological science. The purpose of the work is to consider podcasting through the prism of the thematic nature and groups of texts (mainly socio-cultural and political), their narrative structure, functions in public communication of the digital media environment, and other significant aspects. The methodology of the research is focused on the typological analysis of the functional and content characteristics of the podcast as a polycode formation in terms of matching the choice of the current format (podcast-monologue, podcast-conversation, podcast-series, etc.), topics, issues, rhetorical techniques, markers of attracting attention. A conclusion is made about the specifics and prospects of podcasting development, and a general algorithm for analyzing the podcast as a cultural and socio-political phenomenon is proposed, taking into account significant “markers”. It was also concluded that the development of the podcast sphere in the world indicates the high socio-cultural significance of this phenomenon of Internet communication and the need for its comprehensive understanding at the levels of political and sociological analysis. The field of application of the results is political theory, sociology, cultural studies, history, and journalism. The analysis of podcasts allows us to identify the features of their functioning as social phenomena. First of all, this is a high level of the author’s response to events, which is reflected directly on the air and can be determined through the topics and issues of the publication’s information policy. There is also a saturation of the podcast content with a variety of opinions. The main “body” of the media product is formed by expert opinions in the formats of conversation, commentary, and interviews, which include so-called “situational elements” in the media texts: letters, quotes, audience comments, questions, and even life hacks. There is a management of the attention of consumers of information with the help of accuracy, relevance in the choice of a particular topic by podcasters (podcasts act “point-by-point”). It is due to this effect that consumer activity is not only retained, but also increases, and audience interests grow in the process of conscious, rather than random, work with certain audience “layers”. We can say that a podcast is a kind of socio-cultural and political strategy, which is based on a situational choice of the subject of discussion with certain accents
ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN-FOREST SOILS IN THE NORTH-EAST PART OF THE LESSER CAUCASUS (IN THE BASIN OF BABADJAN RIVER)
Authors:   Institute of Geography of ANAS, Mammadov М. , Akhmеdova L. ,   Institute of Geography of ANAS
Published: October 2021

Our planet needs the rational use of forest resources and forest soils in order to combat erosion and preserve the biosenosis. Soils provide the basis for the growth of trees and woodlands, and are an essential component of forests and forest ecosystems, as they are involved in the regulation of such important processes as the absorption of nutrients, their decomposition and maintenance of water balance. By reducing the risk of soil erosion and the threat of landslides and avalanches, the sustainable use of forest resources greatly contributes to the functioning of the systems responsible for maintaining the planet’s clean water supply, as well as a balanced water cycle. In the soil environment, trees develop root systems and in turn, forest trees and vegetation in general are an important factor in protecting the soil cover. The authors have examined the natural and anthropogenic degradation of brown mountain-forest soils under a beech forest, brown mountain-forest soils under hornbeam and oak forests in the north-eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus in the Babadjan river basin. The erosional relief of the studied region is represented by highly dissected low mountains, middle mountains and mountain basins, which are rather densely indented by mountain rivers. In conditions of such a relief, soils are well developed in dry low mountains and in the humid part of the middle mountains. To clarify the effect of soil properties on the growth and development of tree species in forest communities of the study area, soil sections were laid. The influence at altitudes of 950-1800 m above sea level, the slope of the relief, the exposure of slopes, the composition of the forest cover, the lithological composition of the parent rocks, the physic-chemical composition of the soil and other factors on the intensity of the degradation process in different ecosystems have been studied
The Study of Developing and Validating the Union Bias Scale
Authors: KAZAK Ender
Published: October 2021

Observation of different levels and types of organizational problems, such as school principals and teachers suing each other and conflicts between teachers, caused by union bias in schools in Turkey today, is the starting point of this study. This study, therefore, aimed to develop and validate a scale that helps determine union bias in schools. Participants of the study included teachers being a union member and working at a primary, middle or high school in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 academic years in Düzce, Turkey. During the data analysis, firstly, the first data set was examined in terms of the assumptions of the factor analysis and then Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on the second data set. Convergent validity of the scale was examined with item load values, mean-variance, and composite reliability coefficients. Discriminant validity was examined by the Fornell-Lacker criteria. Also, measurement invariance in gender groups was examined. The Cronbach Alpha and combined reliability coefficients were calculated to determine the scale's reliability. The Union Bias scale consists of 27 items and six dimensions. The explained total variance was 64%. As a result of the first and second order confirmatory factor analyses, it was revealed that the six-dimensional structure predicted Union Bias and the scale’s structure did not differ in gender groups. The Cronbach's alpha value was .90 and the composite reliability was .96. As a result, the structure of the Union Bias Scale was concluded to be valid and reliable.
Methods of Assessing Milk Proteins Coagulation as a Part of the Forecasting System of Technological Properties
Authors: Illarionova Elena , Kruchinin Alexandr , Turovskaya Svetlana , Bigaeva Alana
Published: October 2021

Introduction. An integrated monitoring of raw milk’s contents, quality, and security is a key factor that guarantees the high-quality dairy production. As a result, new research methods of rennet clotting are a topical and urgent area of study. The research objective was to systemize and analyze the basic criteria and assessment methods of rennet-induced protein gels in milk systems. Study objects and methods. The authors reviewed the official Russian criteria and methods of raw milk assessment by its rennet coagulation properties. The research also featured the most widespread instrumental approaches used in best practices from around the world. Results and discussion. In Russian and foreign cheese production, milk is always tested for its physicochemical and microbiological indicators, with a mandatory check of its coagulation characteristics. Russian cheese-makers use different modifications of rennet and rennet-fermenting tests based on subjective sensory evaluation, while international scientific trends in this area aim at developing and improving instrumental methods by using a complex indicator MCP. This indicator characterizes the parameters of rennet coagulation with the help of such devices as Formagraph, Lattodinamografo, Optigraph, etc. Formagraph is a simple instrument for measuring rheological properties of milk clotting. It was popular in the late XX century. The resent years saw the development of other methods of instrumental control, including those based on optical measurements. For instance, Ortigraph is one such instrument that receives unified data on coagulation properties of raw milk by using near-infrared waves. Sensory and instrumental methods have their advantages and disadvantages. However, the most significant criteria for a quick test of cheeseability, yield, and quality are the speed of analysis and the comparability and reproducibility of results. Conclusion. To improve cheeseability testing, Russian cheese-makers need to use the international experience, which offers standardized evaluation criteria in combination with various instrumental approaches. However, the integration of foreign regulations and methods into Russian studies is not the only option. The improvement and development of national instrumental methods of evaluating milk protein coagulation is also crucial.
The Effect of Replacing Sucrose with Glucose-Fruit Syrup on the Quality Indicators of Plombières Ice-Cream
Authors: Shobanova Tatyana , Tvorogova Antonina
Published: October 2021

Introduction. As functional products with a low glycemic index are becoming more and more popular, sucrose is gradually leaving food formulations. Glucose-fructose syrups (GFS) serve as substitutes for sucrose because they have a low glycemic index. The present research objective was to prove that GFS can be used for industrial production of functional foods, e.g. Plombières ice-cream with a low glycemic index. The list of technologically significant quality indices to be studied included dynamic viscosity, overrun, thermal and dimensional stability, and dispersion of the air phase and ice crystals. The experiment confirmed the synergistic effect of the mass fraction of fat and GFS on the dynamic viscosity, thermal and dimensional stability of the product, and a decrease of cryoscopic temperature.

Study objects and methods. The research featured Plombières ice-cream. The control sample had a mass fraction of sucrose 14%; the experimental samples had a partial (3 and 5%) and complete replacement (14%) of sucrose. Rheological research methods helped to determine the dynamic viscosity; thermometric methods were used to measure the cryoscopic temperature of the mix and the temperature at unloading ice cream from the freezer, weighing methods – to determine the overrun, thermostatic methods – to establish thermal and shape stability, calculating methods – to define the share of frozen water, glycemic index, glycemic load, and sweetness.

Results and discussions. The glycemic index of the test samples was 38–57, of the control sample – 60. The glycemic load per portion of 70 g was 5.3–7.8 (8.5 for control). The dynamic viscosity of ice cream mixes was 580–640 mPa·s (control – 563 mPa·s), the cryoscopic temperature –2.52–3.48°C, (control –2.32°C), and the temperature of unloading of the ice cream from the freezer at the share of frozen water of 50% was –5–7°C (control –4.6°C). As for thermal stability, after 90 min, the mass fraction of melt in the control sample was 35%, while in the sample with a complete replacement of sucrose, it was only 2%. In all the test samples, the structural elements had almost the same size. The diameter of air bubbles did not exceed 30 µm after hardening; the average size of ice crystals was 30–34 µm. The experimental data revealed no negative effect of replacing sucrose with GFS on the quality indicators of Plombières ice-cream.

Conclusion. Glucose-fructose syrups can completely or partially replace sucrose while maintaining the quality parameters of Plombières ice-cream, e.g. dynamic viscosity, thermal and dimensional stability, dispersion of the air phase and ice crystals. The glycemic index decreased 1.6 times with a complete replacement of sucrose. Therefore, GFS can lower the glycemic index of Plombières ice-cream.
Carreau's Rheological Model and A.N. Tikhonov’s Regularization Method: Parametric Identification Based on a CFD model
Authors: Khvostov Anatoly , Magomedov Gazibeg , Ryazhskikh Victor , Kovalev Aleksey , Zhuravlev Aleksey , Magomedov Magomed
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Carreau's rheological model can describe the three-dimensional flows of non-Newtonian media. However, it requires modeling parameters for the viscosity of the medium at the limiting values of shear rates, which cannot be achieved by instrumental methods. The present article introduces a novel method that can identify the parameters of Carreau’s model using a regularization algorithm. Study objects and methods. The study featured fondant mass produced according to the traditional formulation for Creamy Fondant unglazed candies. Standard methods were used to describe the properties of the raw materials and semi-finished products, as well as methods of mathematical processing, modeling, and optimization. Results and its discussion. The research produced an algorithm based on A.N. Tikhonov’s regularization method of the parametric identification of Carreau's rheological model. The calculation residual was minimized by the viscometric measurements and the CFD model, which provided the calculation of the hydrodynamic flow regime at the limiting values of shear rates. The CFD model of a steady non-isothermal flow of a nonlinear viscous medium through a cylindrical capillary was based on the equations of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. The rheological parameters of Carreau’s model were illustrated by the case of fondant mass. The error for the viscosity prediction did not exceed 14.07%. Conclusion. The parametric identification algorithm made it possible to evaluate the rheological parameters of structured liquid media with Carreau's rheological law in cases that lack experimental information on the behavior of the medium at limiting shear rates. The algorithm eliminated the computational problems typical of Ostwald and de Ville’s rheological model, which usually arise when solving practical problems of three-dimensional flows of non-Newtonian media with limiting viscosity values.
Gogi Saroj Pal: Questioning Patriarchy, Engendering Force through Paintings
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Fine Arts, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun
Published: October 2021

Painting has always been a reflection of society, culture, values and surroundings of the individuals. The place and people around leaves a deep impact on the artists because they usually depict their belongingness and experiences through their creation. In Indian contemporary art, various artists like Amrita Sher-Gill, M.F. Husain, F.N. Souza and many more have adopted the glimpse of their city to articulate their expressions. Gogi Saroj Pal, a contemporary Indian artist has adopted the spirit of Indian culture, where she is inculcating the mythical fables with the advancement of feministic ideology. The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of India and its socio-cultural aspects in the paintings of Gogi Saroj Pal. Gogi Saroj Pal is considered to be the first among the radical feminist artists of India who has painted various series on woman including Hat-yogini (female practitioner of Yoga), Kamdhenu (wish-fulfilling cow), Kinnari (half-bird & half woman), Dancing Horse, Sawaymvaram (an ancient practice for choosing groom by bride) and Alter for Nirbhaya (related with the brutal rape case in Delhi). In most of her paintings, powerful female nudes have been portrayed to criticize the previous forms of woman, which were particularly related with beauty and sensuousness. Apart from feministic advancement, her artwork series are particularly based on the indigenous portrayal of her surroundings- that is Indian urban context where innumerable incidents of female oppression take place recurrently. Gogi Saroj Pal usually takes the everyday problems of woman in modern Indian society and represents it with an infusion of mythological references through her paintings in an attempt to raise the voice of protest for the oppressed womanhood to the world. Keywords: Gender Politics, Patriarchal Hegemonies, Resistance of Power, Mythology and Art, Symbolism, Portrayal of Woman
The Phenomenal and the Cultural in Contemporary Paintings from Indian Diaspora
Authors:   Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Sarkar Asmita
Published: October 2021

Contemporary painting is a complex practice that incorporates elements of different media and bear diverse historical and cultural influences. Contemporary painting from South-East Asian diaspora is no less different. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze a few contemporary painters’ work in light of phenomenological theory. Merleau-Ponty’s (1993, 2004, 2008) theory of embodiment and phenomenology of perception has been used to show how the fusion of material exploration, embodied engagement with the lived environment, and knowledge of art-historical and contemporary trend results in creation of painting. It was also shown that the artists discussed are adept at combining cultural and sensual components in their painting thus creating works of art that has a broad cross-cultural appeal. It was argued that a theoretical lens that pays due attention to material and sensual aspects of art can open-up new horizon of analysis.