bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk-Based Models of Equipment Repair Management in Power Supply Systems with a Mono Consumer
Authors: Sekretarev Yuri A. , Levin Vladimir M.
Published: March 2021

An adequate description of reliability in decision-making models for managing the restoration of its properties is a complex scientific task. Quite a lot of attention has been paid to the correct solution of this problem in various fields of technology. The article proposes and implements a probabilistic approach to calculating the circuit reliability of the power supply system using an assessment of the actual state of its main elements. The assessment of the state of the equipment of the power supply system is carried out using an integral indicator of the technical condition. This creates the basis for applying a risk-based approach to the management of maintenance and repairs to assess the consequences and feasibility of repair and restoration work of power equipment while minimizing possible damage from power outages to consumers. The article presents two methods for calculating reliability, focused on both recoverable and non-recoverable elements of the power supply system. In addition, a decision-making model for managing repairs of power equipment in power supply systems is proposed. A separate case is considered when the power supply system provides electricity to a mono-consumer, which is typical for oil and gas production. Based on the analysis of scenarios for the implementation of the risk-based approach, the influence of various degrees of severity of the consequences of failure on the assessment of decisions made is studied. The developed models and methods are illustrated by computational examples from the practice of operating electrical equipment in power supply systems with a monoconsumer
DEPREM MEVZUATI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’DEKİ GELENEKSEL AHŞAP KARKAS YAPI KURALLARININ ANALİZİ
Authors: Avlar Erkan , Yıldırım H. Sueda
Published: March 2021

Türkiye’de ahşap yapıların geleneksel mimaride önemli bir yeri olduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle Osmanlı döneminde inşa edilen konutların çoğunluğu ahşap karkas yapıdır. Bu dönemde, depremlerde yaşanan tecrübeler sonucunda ahşap yapı kullanımı ön plana çıkmıştır. Geleneksel ahşap karkas yapıların depreme karşı yeterli dayanım gösterebildikleri bilinmektedir. Ancak depremlerde bu yapılar da zarar görmüştür. Depremlerde zarar görenler, genelde eksik ve hatalı yapılardır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de yayımlanan dokuz deprem mevzuatında geleneksel ahşap karkas yapı kurallarına yer verilmiş ve birçok deprem mevzuatında zararların önlenmesi için yeni kurallar getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel ahşap karkas yapılardaki deprem hasarları ve hasarlara karşı alınan önlemlerle deprem mevzuatı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca geleneksel ahşap karkas yapılar konusunda farklı bir hafıza oluşturulması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada, üç adımdan oluşan bir araştırma yöntemi kullanılmaktadır.
Preferred and Non-Preferred Creditors
Authors: Cordella Tito , Powell Andrew
Published: March 2021

International financial institutions (IFIs) generally enjoy preferred creditors treatment (PCT). Although PCT rarely appears in legal contracts, when sovereigns restructure bilateral or commercial debts, they normally pay IFIs in full. This paper presents a model where a creditor, such as an IFI, that can commit to lend limited amounts at the risk-free rate and can refrain from lending into arrears is always repaid and adds value. The analysis suggests that IFIs and market lenders can both enhance welfare, even if banning commercial borrowing can sometimes be optimal. To maintain their status, preferred lenders should offer low cost financing in volumes that are consistent with countries' incentives to repay even in bad states. This suggests such lenders should not differentiate lending interest rates according to risk and should not participate in the restructuring of commercial debt.
Greenhouse Climate Controller by Using of Internet of Things Technology and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Sahour Abdelhakim , Boumehrez Farouk , Benouaret Mohamed , Mokhneche Azzouz
Published: March 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new, ongoing revolution. It often uses wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies because these technologies are among the most important solutions for monitoring and controlling the systems. This article provides a model of a smart greenhouse. In this regard, the main contribution of this paper is an innovative implementation of a micro-climate controlled environment for optimal plant growth, based on loT technology and using a fuzzy logic controller. Using this system, we attempted to optimize the functionality of the system proposed by exploiting an Arduino UNO board for data acquisition and processing. The input variables are analog values captured by ZigBee wireless network sensors that are then processed using fuzzy logic control software with heating and extractor control signals. At the same time, all data were sent to the server through a Wi-Fi internet connection, which permitted remote monitoring and analysis of the data via a web browser with tablets, smartphones, and laptops. Results show that the choice of a fuzzy logic controller could promote a comfortable greenhouse micro-climate. Also, we showed the efficiency of our proposed solution for greenhouse climate remote monitoring anywhere via IoT technology.
Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression
Authors: Bouakkaz Fatima , Ali Wided , Derdour Makhlouf
Published: March 2021

Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.
Functional Cast Bracing in Selected Cases of Tibial Shaft Fracture in the Population of Odisha - A Prospective Study
Authors: Mallik Manoranjan , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Rout Pravat Kumar , Nanda Debi Prasad , Rout Prajnadipta
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Tibial shaft fracture is one of the commonest fractures encountered in orthopaedic clinics today. With recent trend being surgical management, it has increased the economic burden in developing countries like India. Thus, interest in functional cast bracing can manage many of the fractures safely with less cost and shorter hospital stay with equally good results. METHODS This prospective study included 30 patients with closed tibial shaft fracture with minimal displacements who were treated with 3 weeks of initial long leg cast followed by functional cast bracing as described by Sarmiento in 1967 with a below knee patellar tendon bearing (PTB) cast with encouraged progressive weight bearing for 6 to 9 weeks. Our goal was to achieve shortening of < 10 mm, angulations of less than 5 degrees in any plane with full range of motion at knee as per Sarmiento. RESULTS Union was seen in 25 (83 %) cases. Angulations of < 5 degrees was noted in any plane in 79 % cases. Varus and apex posterior angulations were the most common deformity. Shortening 10 mm was noted in 72 % cases with almost complete ROM of knee joint in all patients. Non-union was noticed in 2 (7 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS Functional cast bracing can still be an ideal method of management for many of the tibial shaft fractures and with better understanding of the technique and proper application, it can safely be used on other long bones as well. KEYWORDS Closed Fracture Tibia, Functional Cast Brace
Histopathological Scenario of Testicular Lesions with Few Uncommon Entities – 3 Years Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Madana Padma , Mandava Vijayasree , Govada Neelima , Chaganti Padmavathi Devi , Mohammed Zafrul Haque , Basimalla Ratna Stephenson
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND The incidence of testicular malignancy has been increasing in men, orchidectomy is necessary for the removal of neoplastic lesions or in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions resistant to treatment. We wanted to evaluate the various histopathological patterns of lesions in testis. METHODS A retrospective study of 86 orchidectomy specimens over a period of three years with age wise distribution from March 2017 to February 2020 was done in the Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur. Histopathological slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin were retrieved and reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was done in two cases. RESULTS Of the 86 cases, 78 (90.7 %) cases were non neoplastic and 8 (9.3 %) cases were neoplastic. Youngest age in non-neoplastic group was four days and in neoplastic group was 18 years. The oldest age was 82 years in the non-neoplastic lesions and 60 years in the neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic lesions were common in the 3 rd decade. In malignant lesions, highest number of cases was seen in the 6 th decade and equal distribution was observed in 3rd and 5th decade. Unilateral involvement was common than bilateral involvement. Out of all non-neoplastic lesions, undescended testis 20 (25.64 %) cases was the common finding followed by non-specific epididymo orchitis 19 (24.36 %) cases, abscess 14 (17.95 %) cases, torsion infarction 13 (16.67 %) cases, Leydig cell hyperplasia 4 (5.13 %) cases, 3 (3.85 %) cases each of tuberculous epididymo orchitis and granulomatous epididymo orchitis. 1 (1.28 %) case each of rare entities like vanishing testis and splenogonadal fusion were also found. Among the neoplastic lesions, all 8 cases were malignant tumours. Out of these malignant tumours, mixed germ cell tumours were seen in 3 (37.5 %) cases followed by seminomas 2 (25 %) cases, post pubertal teratoma 1 (12.5 %) case, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 1 (12.5 %) case and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) 1 (12.5 %) case. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological examination on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections primarily differentiate non neoplastic lesions from neoplastic group and benign tumours from malignant tumours as the treatment modality varies. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is useful in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated small round cell tumours. KEYWORDS Orchidectomy Specimens, Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lesions
Role of First Trimester Ultrasonographic Parameters for Prediction of Early Pregnancy Failure - A Prospective Observational Study from Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Singh Avepreet , Gupta Kamlesh , Singh Gauravdeep
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Early pregnancy failure is stated as noncompatible, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac that contains an embryo or fetus which does not have any fetal cardiac activity in the initial 12 weeks of the pregnancy. In the assessment of early pregnancy, ultrasound plays a significant role. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between May 2019 and April 2020 among 500 pregnant females fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient follow up was done by weekly telephonic calls until completing 12 weeks gestation or reporting miscarriage. Also, all patients were followed by the recommended routine ultrasound (US) scanning with or without emergency visits. RESULTS In our study period, 500 women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in our study. Out of whom, 85 (17.5 %) women had an early pregnancy failure (before 12 weeks). There was significantly lower mean gestational sac diameter (GSD), crown to rump length (CRL), fetal heart rate (FHR), and P-value < 0.001 in women who experienced early pregnancy failure. In pregnancies where the GSD, CRL, and FHR were below the 5th percentile, early pregnancy failure was a more prone outcome. All pregnancies with FHR below 75 beats per minute ended in failure in the present study. When FHR was less than 128 beats per minute, there was enormous rise in the frequency of pregnancy failure. By comparison, yolk sac diameter (YSD) was a less significant predictor of early pregnancy failure. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester ultrasonographic estimations help in predicting early abortion. Risk appraisal tables dependent on combinations of abnormal parameters could significantly help in identifying abnormal pregnancy from normal pregnancy and could improve prediction rates. KEYWORDS Early Pregnancy Failure, Prediction, Transvaginal Ultrasonography, Ultrasonography
Interventions for Decreasing Drug Abuse and Social Problem in Iran's Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services
Authors: Damari Behzad , Hajebi Ahmad , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2021

Objective: Social problems and drug abuse, especially addiction, divorce, poverty, crime, violence, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse, have increased in Iran over the past two decades. The present study aims to determine an approach to decrease drug abuse and social ‎problems in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Method: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. To compile this study, three types of data collection have been used: (1) review of the literature, (2) an in-depth interview with experts and stakeholders, (3) focused group discussions.
Results: In our proposed model for decreasing drug abuse and social ‎problems, comprehensive mental and social health service are provided. Social care is integrated into the primary health care and six types of services, including social health education, screening for risk factors of social problems, and drug abuse, identifying underlying psychiatric, psychological, or social causes, short consultations, referral to social workers, and follow-up.
Conclusion: Theoretically, if mental disorders are reduced, social harm and addiction will also be reduced because it is one of the important risk factors for divorce, violence, crime, drug abuse, and alcohol consumption. SERAJ reduces mental disorders; therefore, it can reduce social problems and addiction.
National Disaster Management Act, 2010 of Pakistan: A Review
Authors: Ali Arshad , Iqbal M Jawed
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Pakistan has suffered from the worst ever natural and artificial disasters in its history since the start of this century. These disasters caused widespread loss of life, property, and resources; moreover, a high level of social and psychological imbalance was also experienced. The only law available in the country to handle disaster situations was response-oriented, and in the aftermath of the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, the government was forced to review its laws dealing with disasters. To provide a complete spectrum of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) at national level, National Disaster Management Ordinance (NDMO) was promulgated in 2006. NDMO was ratified by the parliament naming it as National Disaster Management Act (NDM Act), 2010 of Pakistan with the purpose to reduce the risks and manage the future disaster situations effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to review in detail the (NDM Act), 2010 of Pakistan and ascertain the limitations with a view to proffer necessary recommendations.
Methods: The study is based on secondary data and detail review of NDM Act 2010, of Pakistan.
Discussion: The detail study of NDM Act, 2010 reveals that the Act was either prepared in haste or by a team lacking the requisite expertise on the subject due to certain glaring ambiguities within the contents of various sections. Initially the Act appears to be reactive in nature as there is no mention of disaster risk reduction measures. Lack of accountability mechanism makes the implementation phase susceptible to deviant workplace behaviors. Details of financial allocations for the lower level disaster management authorities (district, union and town), who are the initial responders have been missed out.
Conclusion: Owing to lack of political and economic constraints supplemented with corruption, the effectiveness of policies and plans formulated under the guidelines of NDM Act, 2010 will always remain doubtful. Thus, the early revision of NDM Act, 2010 of Pakistan is recommended.
The Effect of Post warming Culture Period Between Thawing and Transfer of Cryopreserved Embryos on Reproductive Outcomes After In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sordia-Hernandez Luis H. , Morales Martinez Felipe A. , Orozco Eduardo Gutierrez , Flores-Rodriguez Andrea , Leyva-Camacho Paloma C. , Alvarez-Villalobos Neri Alejandro , Zuñiga-Hernandez Jorge Alberto
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of post warming culture period between thawing and transfer of cryopreserved embryos on reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Methods: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library from January 2000 to August 2019. A systematic review and meta–analysis of clinical trials was performed in this manuscript. The trials represented patients with embryo transfers of at least one previously cryopreserved good quality embryo. Main outcome measures of the study included clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate, and ectopic pregnancy rate.
Results: A total of 5338 trial/abstracts were identified through a literature search. Totally, five studies were included in the systematic review, and three in the final meta–analysis. The studies included 1717 embryo transfers, 605 after short culture, and 1112 after long culture. The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the most consistent outcome reported. The CPR was slightly better after short time culture with a RR of 1.09 (0.95–1.26, 95%CI) but this difference was not statistically significant. The great heterogenicity in the results reported in the included studies made it impossible to compare all planned outcomes.
Conclusion: There are no differences in reproductive outcomes if cryopreserved embryos are transferred after overnight culture or after two hours of culture following thawing. Due to small number and the poor quality of trials reported on this topic, the results of this review should be treated with caution.
Characterization of DDX4 Gene Expression in Human Cases with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia and in Sterile and Fertile Mice
Authors: Azizi Hossein , NiaziTabar Amirreza , Mohammadi Atiyeh , Skutella Thomas
Published: March 2021

Background: In mammals, spermatogenesis is the main process for male fertility that is initiated by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation. SSCs are unipotent progenitor cells accountable for transferring the genetic information to the following generation by differentiating to haploid cells during spermato-and spermiogenesis. DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4) is a specific germ cell marker and its expression pattern is localized to, spermatocytes, and spermatids. The expression in the SSCs on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules is low.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluidigm reverse transcriptase-poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of DDX4 in testis tissue of fertile and sterile mice and human cases with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Results: Our immunohistochemical findings of fertile and busulfan-treated mice showed expression of DDX4 in the basal and luminal compartment of seminiferous tubules of fertile mice whereas no expression was detected in busulfan-treated mice. The immunohistochemical analysis of two human cases with different levels of non-obstructive azoospermia revealed more luminal DDX4 positive cells.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DDX4 might be a valuable germ cell marker for analyzing the pathology of germ cell tumors and infertility as global urological problems.
Clinical Efficacy of Follitropin Alfa in GnRH-Antagonist Protocols: A Prospective Observational Phase IV Study on the Use of Biosimilar Follitropin Alfa r-hFSH in Assisted Reproductive Technology in a Routine Care Setting
Authors: Griesinger Georg , Schill Thilo , Sator Michael , Schenk Michael , Krüssel Jan-Steffen
Published: March 2021

Background: This phase IV routine care study evaluated ovarian responses when using a biosimilar follitropin alfa r-hFSH (Bemfola®) for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment who were pituitary-suppressed with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist.
Methods: This multicenter, prospective, non-comparative, non-interventional study (Germany/Austria) was conducted with 885 women (Mean age of 34.0±4.4 years) for whom COS with Bemfola® and GnRH-antagonist for pituitary suppression were applied  as part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment with/without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) observing routine clinical-practice protocols. Primary endpoint was the number of retrieved cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs).
Results: Among 986 ART cycles, COS was given for 9.9±1.8 days (First-day r-hFSH dose of 220.7±68.9 IU; mean total dose of 2184.3±837.5 IU). It was revealed that 99.1% of cycles resulted in follicular puncture, with mean of 10.7±6.6 oocytes retrieved. Successful fertilization took place after IVF/ICSI in 93.8% of follicular punctures. Freeze-all was performed in 14.2% of cycles. Fresh embryo transfer was performed in 76.9% of cycles with follicular puncture; mean day of transfer was 3.5±1.3 and average number of transferred embryos was 1.76±0.50. Clinical pregnancy rate was 30.2% of embryo-transfer cycles and 23.4% of started cycles. Sixty-nine reports of ovarian hy-perstimulation syndrome (7.0% of started cycles) were documented.
Conclusion: COS with Bemfola® in GnRH-antagonist IVF/ICSI protocols in a routine care setting led to an appropriate ovarian response allowing oocyte retrieval in 99.1% of initiated cases.
Chromosomal Analysis of Cumulus Cells as a Future Predictor for Oocyte Aneuploidy: A Case Report
Authors: Gonzalez Xavier Viñals , Ahmed-Odia Rabi , Gupta Sioban Sen , Naja Roy Pascal , Arshad Falak , Serhal Paul , Saab Wael , Seshadri Srividya
Published: March 2021

Background: Within the ovary, the optimal growth of the follicle, oocyte maturation and ovulation are highly conditioned by the two-way cross talk and interactions between the oocyte and the immediate somatic cells, known as cumulus cells (CCs). This biological communication between cell lines triggered the interest in the study of CCs as a biomarker of oocyte competence. 
Case Presentation: The findings of a 45,X mosaic pattern on CCs from a female patient with unremarkable medical history are reported in this study. The patient came to the Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, London on 14th August 2019 for her first visit and the follow up procedures were done for her to determine underlying genetic status. For this purpose, four sources of DNA including CCs, blood lymphocytes, buccal cells and immature oocytes were analyzed in the present report. 
Conclusion: In the present case study, the hypothesis of the female patient being mosaic 45,X was confirmed although the degree of mosaicism and whether this was affecting the germinal line could not be determined. In the event of the discovery of a cell line with an apparently abnormal genetic makeup, genetic counselling is important in order to understand the implications from somatic to germinal cells for patients exploring fertility journeys
Identification and Ranking of the Reasons for not Referring Patients from Level 1 to Level 2 through Electronic Referral System of Golestan Province in 2019
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Javad , Heidari Alireza , Khatirnamani Zahra , Beygom Kazemi Sakine , Honarvar Mohammad Reza , Badakhshan Abbas , Arefnia Serajaldin , Lotfi Mansoureh , Sedaghat Seyed Mehdi , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Kamangari Mehrdad , Dadjoo Mohammad , Gholami Masoumeh , Rafiei Narges , Eri Maryam
Published: March 2021

Background: The public sector of the health care system provides justice and access for all people who need more specialized services through the referral system. If the challenges of the referral system are not identified and addressed promptly, the system will not be efficient and effective. The purpose of this study was to rank the reasons for non-referral of outpatient level 1 to level 2 in the electronic referral system of Golestan province in 2019.
Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 431 outpatients participated from the pilot hospitals of the e-referral system in Golestan province, who did not refer to the level 2 specialist despite that an appointment was set by the system. The participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Friedman test in SPSS 23 software.
Results: The most important reasons for patients who were not  referred from level 1 to level 2 in the electronic referral system included the presence of a trusted and familiar physician, inability to pay the visit of a specialist, and high cost of transportation from home to the designated specialist, respectively. The gender of the specialist physician and lack of guidance on referral to the specialist physician were indicated by the referral center. Patients ranked the reasons of not referring to the specialist differently (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The current status can be improved by increasing the public confidence in specialized physicians working in the electronic referral system and making the specialized services free for the poor patients. Furthermore, raising the patient's awareness about using Level 2 specialized services through the mass media can help patients to benefit from these services.
Designing a Model for Managing the Food Service Department in Iranian Hospitals
Authors: Fathi Esa , Nasiripour Amir Ashkan , Khalesi Nader , Ziyari Reaz
Published: March 2021

Background: Optimal management of food services in hospitals plays an important role in their performance, accelerating the patients’ recovery and increasing the level of patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to design a model for food service management in Iranian hospitals.
Methots: This descriptive correlational study was carried out using structural equation modeling. Simple random sampling was performed and the study participants were selected among  hospital managers, nutrition experts, and environmental health experts in a hospital management conference in Tehran in September 2018. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed construct validity and corroborated reliability through Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed via SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 software.
Results: Based on the obtained model, 5 main factors affecting the management of food service sector were identified, including: health and safety factors, satisfaction factors, food waste factors, monitoring and control factors, and mechanism factors. Among these, health and mechanism factors with coefficients of 0.874 and 0.612 had the highest and the lowest effect in the management of food services in Iranian hospitals, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the obtained model, various factors are effective in food management that should be considered in hospital planning. Based on this, the food health and safety dimensions are of particular importance.
The Impact of a Dedicated Nurse on the Prevention of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in the NICU
Authors: Curry Sabra , Mallard Ellen , Marrero Elizabeth , Walker Melinda , Weeks Robin , Harrison H. Allen , Temple Melany , Holland Cara , Brandon Katherine
Published: March 2021

Background

The neonatal population is at increased risk for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) related to prematurity, critical illness, and compromised immune function.1,4,5

Methods

To address a 30 percent CLABSI rate increase, a quality improvement (QI) project in a Level IV NICU was developed and implemented by the NICU CLABSI team in 2018. The project trialed a dedicated CLABSI prevention-registered nurse (DCP-RN) role with select responsibilities aimed at rate reduction. The DCP-RN spearheaded an RN education plan, addressed prevention bundle compliance, and aided in establishing a reliable apparent cause analysis (ACA) process.

Results

The outcome resulted in an over 50% reduction in the CLABSI rate and permanent adoption of the DCP-RN role in the NICU.
Mothers' Worries During Pregnancy: A Content Analysis of Reddit Posts
Authors: Pilkington Pamela D. , Bedford-Dyer Isabella
Published: March 2021

Qualitative investigations into maternal worries during pregnancy are limited. The aim of this study was to identify the content of women's pregnancy-related worries by completing a content analysis of posts on Reddit. A total of 217 posts by 196 unique users were analyzed. Most worries related to infant factors (32.6%), individual factors (27.1%), and antenatal care factors, such as medical procedures (25.2%). The remaining worries related to situational factors (10.9%) and the partner relationship (4.3%). Although most fears related to fetal well-being, other concerns included problems with family members, women's own mental health, and not being a “good mother.” These findings support calls for antenatal education to more adequately address women's psychosocial concerns.
The Importance of Immunohistochemical Staining with DNAJB9 for the Diagnosis of Fibrillar Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Campos Wanderley David , Almeida Araújo Stanley de
Published: March 2021

Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare glomerulopathy, corresponding to less than 1% of all renal biopsies performed. The pathogenesis mechanisms of FGN are still not completely understood and most cases are considered idiopathic. The clinical presentation is characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, arterial hypertension and renal failure. The evaluation of FGN is a diagnostic challenge in the practice of the pathologist, because there are no morphological characteristics with highly specific or pathognomonic lesion. The use of a sensitive and specific biomarker can make an important contribution to renal pathology and the differential diagnosis of diseases with fibrillar deposits. In this contexto, DNAJB9 can be investigated by immunohistochemical technique and is useful for the diagnostic definition of FGN.
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF THESMALL INTESTINE OF BALI CATTLE JEJUNUM
Authors: Eristiawan I Gede Erick , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka , Heriyani Luh Gede Sri Surya , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui struktur histologi dan perbedaan histomorfometri jejunum sapi bali pada bagian anterior, medial, dan posterior. Sebanyak10 sampelsapi bali betina berusia empat sampai lima tahun diambil di Rumah Potong Hewan PesanggaranDenpasardigunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini.Organ jejunum diambil pada bagian anterior, medial, dan posterior untuk selanjutnya difiksasi menggunakan larutan Neutral Buffered Formalin(NBF) 10%, kemudian diberi pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin(HE) untuk dijadikan preparat histologi.Hasil pengamatan struktur histologi disajikan secara deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan data histomorfometri disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menemukan jejunum tersusun atasempatlapisan; tunika mukosa, submukosa, muskularis,dan serosa.Pengukuran histomorfometri menunjukkan ketebalan tunika mukosa, submukosa, muskularis dan serosa pada bagian anterior secara berturut-turut 655,44±73,34 μm, 191,98±25,78 μm, 799,04±58,97μm, 122,68±32,90μm, pada bagian medial 726,04±52,87 μm, 174,96±34,09 μm, 885,14±69,74 μm, 138,84±28,71 μm dan pada bagian posterior 770,92±37,28 μm, 211,08±27,99 μm, 958,74±60,97 μm, 273,2±46,56 μm.Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam ketebalan tunika mukosaantara bagian anterior dengan medial dan posterior, tunika submukosa antara bagian medial dengan posterior,tunika muskularis antara bagian anterior dengan posterior,tunika serosa antara bagian anterior dengan medial dan posterior, serta antara bagianmedial dengan posterior, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan histomorfometri dari ketiga bagian jejenumsapi bali
LOGIČKI PROBLEM USVAJANJA JEZIKA
Authors: STAMENKOVIĆ MIHAJLO
Published: March 2021

Stav prema logičkom problemu usvajanja jezika opredeljuje lingvističko istraživanje kao takvo za tip paradigmatskog barjaka pod kojim će ono nadalje nastupati. Pre svake nauke samo logičko ispostavlja se kao prethodnica njene konstitucije, kao seme njene ukupne metodološke rasejanosti. Stoga je vrlo važno steći jasan i sveobuhvatan uvid u srž dotičnog problema – u okviru lingvistike. Autor nastoji izolovati samu logičku strukturu problema usvajanja jezika. Načini kojima se u literaturi samo donekle preklapaju različita podvajanja logičkog problema usvajanja jezika čine dodatnu poteškoću za razumevanje strukture koja je ovde na delu. Suočen sa tom poteškoćom, autor nalazi sintezu jezgra dotične logičke strukture – u nezaobilaznoj okolnosti gramatičke dvosmislenosti pozitivnog inputa.
Sample Size in Clinical Researches: Power of the Test and Effect Size
Authors: ÜNALAN Adnan
Published: March 2021

The approval of local ethics committees is required for clinical researches. In order to obtain approval, how the sample size is determined, whether power analysis is done or not and under what assumptions these analyses are made, are important questions/problems. In hypothesis tests, it is possible two types of errors (type 1 error denoted by α and type 2 error denoted by β), of which α is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis that is actually true and is the probability of accepting the actually false null hypothesis. These errors also determine the reliability of the test (1-α) and the power of test (1-β). While α is directly determined by the researchers and generally as taken 0.05 (in some cases 0.01), β cannot be determined directly. Because β, hence the power of test (1-β) depends on the α (negatively correlated with β) the variation in the population (positively correlated with β) and sample size (n; negatively correlated with β). In clinical researches, it is required that β does not exceed 0.10 (in some cases 0.05) so the power of test should be at least 0.90 and above. In this study, the sample sizes required for some statistical tests (independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square) which are widely used in clinical research, were calculated with the G*Power program and some evaluations were made. As a result, as expected in the statistical tests, it was observed that decreasing both α and effect size and increasing the power of the test significantly increased the required sample size. However, it was also observed that increasing effect on the sample size of increasing the power of test decreased (5-11%) in the smaller values of α in the independent sample t-test, decreased (nearly 5%) when increasing the number of compared groups in one-way ANOVA and decreased (10-15%) when increasing degree of freedom of Chi-square test.
Second Wave of the Libyan Civil War: Factors and Actors
Authors: Korotaev A. , Isaev L. , Shishkina A.
Published: March 2021

The first wave of the civil war in Libya, which ended after the assassination of Muammar Qaddafi in the fall of 2011, did not put an end to the civil conflict in the country. It is shown that in many respects the second wave of the civil war in Libya (the beginning of the active phase of which can be dated May 16, 2014) was a direct continuation of the first wave (February–October 2011). By 2014, it became clear that the Libyan crisis could not be resolved solely through a change in political regime. The revolutionary processes in the case of Libya proved to be fatal for the entire political system, marking the almost complete dismantling of state institutions. Thus, the overthrow of the dictator in Libya did not ultimately solve anything, and the military-political forces that fought in the first wave of civil conflict against Muammar Qaddafi launched an open full-scale armed struggle with each other in May 2014, marking the beginning of the second wave of civil war. This article analyzes the logic and course of the second wave of the civil war in Libya, as well as explores the genesis of key military and political forces in Libya after 2011. The authors conclude that at present time a stalemate has developed in the country. And the impossibility of a military victory for either side of the Libyan conflict allows us to hope for a new agreement between all its parties. Acknowledgements. This article is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2021 with support by the Russian Science Foundation (Project Number 19-18-00155).
“Unipolar Asia”: Chinese Regional Order
Authors: Vinogradov A.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the PRC was considered to be the main revisionist power in the world, challenging the leadership of the United States. The rivalry between the two countries in various fields was the subject of close attention of both politicians and scientists. Depending on how this rivalry would end, forecasts were made about the future of the system of international relations. Today it has become obvious that an equally serious challenge to the existing international order is posed by the economic and political crisis of the Western world, which cannot be overcome in the foreseeable future. The question of what kind of international order can replace the current one is gradually moving from a theoretical level to a practical one. As a rule, it is pointed out the multipolar nature of the coming world political order, but how this fundamentally new structure will function in practice remains unclear. The article emphasizes the following questions: What are the characteristics of the Chinese version of the multipolarity, does it have historical analogs, what are traditional Chinese ideas about the world structure and China’s interaction with neighbors, it also argues how useful they can be in contemporary world, in the formation of a new world and regional order. The focus is on China’s relations with neighboring powers, with developing countries and great powers, primarily the United States, as well as the problem of combining world-building functions and international order, which is embodied in Xi Jinping’s concept “Community of common destiny of mankind” and particularly in the Belt and Road Initiative. As a result of its practical implementation, for the first time in world history, two traditions can claim to regulate global relations – Western and Eastern, reflecting different ideas about the world order and organization of international community and having their own ideas about justice. Acknowledgements. The research was supported by a grant from the Russian science Foundation (project no. 19-18-00142).
Social and Economic Problems of EC Countries in the Initial Pandemic Period
Authors: Egorov A. , Petrovskiy A.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of key social and economic problems in the EU countries during the initial period of the pandemic. Forced isolation amid the spread of the coronavirus contributed to the growth of domestic and domestic violence, manifestations of racism and xenophobia in the EU. Social discrimination manifested itself in the restriction of access to goods and services for people with Asian appearance. A negative factor was the statements of certain right-wing politicians, as well as a number of media outlets. The member states of the European Union sought to carry out proactive communication with the population of their countries, convincing the latter to use exclusively official information about the situation with the COVID 19 virus and taking steps to ensure the widespread presence of the opinion of the governance in the media and on the Internet. Due to the extraordinary circumstances, EU member states have resumed controls at their internal borders in an effort to ensure the safety of their citizens. Despite assurances from the European Commission that the restrictions would not affect the interests of the EU population and third-country nationals, in March 2020, tangible obstacles arose in the way of realizing the fundamental right to free movement. The first steps were taken to support the sectors of the economy and the employment market in the initial phase of the pandemic. Particular attention was paid to the state of affairs in the most vulnerable service sector. The employment market experienced serious shocks, which was reflected in the growth of unemployment in the EU countries. The measures taken by the authorities of the member states, in general, met the interests of workers, but encountered difficulties in the course of implementation.
OBTENÇÃO DE BIOCARVÕES ATIVADOS A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE BIOMASSA DE BARU (Dipteryx alata Vog) E SUA APLICAÇÃO COMO ADSORVENTES
Authors: Nemet Yara Karla de Salles , Rambo Magale Karine Diel , Nemet Fábio Eduardo , Gregório Stéfanie Rhoden
Published: March 2021

A biomassa vegetal é uma mistura complexa constituída em especial por celulose, hemicelulose e lignina e é de grande importância como fonte de recursos renováveis, em virtude da produção resíduos e do seu potencial na geração de biocarvões. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a obtenção e caracterização dos biocarvões ativados do endocarpo e mesocarpo de baru, a fim de avaliar seu potencial como adsorventes. Para tal, os resíduos foram submetidos a processos de pirólise lenta, para a obtenção dos biocarvões. Em seguida, estes foram ativados quimicamente utilizando-se o cloreto de zinco como reagente de ativação. As amostras de biocarvões ativados foram caracterizadas com análise aproximada e elementar, análise superficial e adsorção de carboidratos. Os biocarvões ativados das amostras brutas e hidrolisadas da fração endocarpo do Baru apresentaram valores significativos maiores (>600 m2/g) para área superficial quando comparados com o carvão ativado comercial. O percentual de adsorção de carboidratos encontrado nos carvões de baru (independente da fração e processo) foram menores que a adsorção registrada para o carvão ativado comercial, o que é desejável nas indústrias. Com base nesses resultados, foi possível concluir que os biocarvões de baru apresentam elevado potencial de aplicação como adsorventes.
Limit Theorems as Blessing of Dimensionality: Neural-Oriented Overview
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik , Kosheleva Olga
Published: March 2021

As a system becomes more complex, at first, its description and analysis becomes more complicated. However, a further increase in the system’s complexity often makes this analysis simpler. A classical example is Central Limit Theorem: when we have a few independent sources of uncertainty, the resulting uncertainty is very difficult to describe, but as the number of such sources increases, the resulting distribution get close to an easy-to-analyze normal one – and indeed, normal distributions are ubiquitous. We show that such limit theorems make analysis of complex systems easier – i.e., lead to blessing of dimensionality phenomenon – for all the aspects of these systems: the corresponding transformation, the system’s uncertainty, and the desired result of the system’s analysis.
AAV-HDV an Attractive Platform for the In Vivo Study of HDV Biology and Mechanism of Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Maestro Sheila , Gomez-Echarte Nahia , Camps Gracian , Usai Carla , Suarez-Amaran Lester , Vales Africa , Olague Cristina , Aldabe Rafael , Aseguinolaza Gloria González-
Published: March 2021

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. The recently developed HDV mouse model based on the delivery of HDV replication-competent genomes using adeno-associated vectors (AAV) develop a liver pathology very similar to the human disease, and allowed us to perform mechanistic studies. We have generated different AAV-HDV mutants to eliminate the expression HDV antigens (HDAgs), characterized them both in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed that S-HDAg is essential for HDV replication and cannot be replaced by L-HDAg or host cellular proteins, and the L-HDAg is essential for HDV infectious particle production. We have also found that the lack of L-HDAg resulted in the increase of of S-HDAg expression levels and the exacerbation of liver damage which is T cell independent but is associated with an increment in liver inflammation. Interestingly, early expression of L-HDAg significantly ameliorated the liver damage induced by the mutant expressing only the S-HDAg. In summary, the use of AAV-HDV represents a very attractive platform to interrogate in vivo the role of viral components in the HDV life cycle and to better understand the mechanism of HDV-induced liver pathology.
Histamine Intolerance in Children
Authors: Nazar Wojciech , Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Sznurkowska Katarzyna , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Histamine intolerance is defined as disequilibrium of accumulated histamine and the capacity for histamine degradation. This clinical term addresses a non-immunologically mediated pathology when histamine ingested with food is not particularly high, but its degradation is decreased. Clinical picture of histamine intolerance in children is similar to that observed in adults apart from male predominance found in paediatric patients. Both in children and adults, histamine-free diet seems to be the treatment of choice. Diamine oxidase supplementation offers another treatment option. There is no symptom and\or test pathognomonic for histamine intolerance. Nevertheless, manifestations of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, measurement of diamine oxidase deficits, positive results of histamine provocation tests and improvement of symptoms with histamine-free diet greatly increase the probability of histamine intolerance diagnosis. These factors have been included in the proposed in this paper diagnostic algorithm for histamine intolerance. In children histamine intolerance probably co-occur with allergies and bowel diseases, which creates an additional diagnostic challenge. As the evidence for children is weak, further research is needed the establish epidemiology, validate diagnostic algorithms and establish possible treatment options regarding histamine intolerance.