bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nascer no Brasil: a presença do acompanhante favorece a aplicação das boas práticas na atenção ao parto na região Sul
Authors: Monguilhott Juliana Jacques da Costa , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Freitas Paulo Fontoura , D’Orsi Eleonora
Published: January 2018

OBJETIVO: Analisar se a presença do acompanhante favorece a aplicação das boas práticas na atenção ao parto na região Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal do estudo longitudinal Nascer no Brasil. Foram analisados dados de 2.070 mulheres da região Sul que entraram em trabalho de parto. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e agosto de 2011, por meio de entrevista e prontuário. Realizou-se análise bivariada e multivariada, calculando-se razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas por regressão de Poisson com estimação de variância robusta. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A maioria das mulheres teve o acompanhante durante o trabalho de parto (51,7%), mas poucas permaneceram com ele no parto (39,4%) ou na cesariana (34,8%). Menos da metade das mulheres teve acesso às várias práticas recomendadas, enquanto práticas não recomendadas continuam sendo realizadas. No modelo ajustado por idade, escolaridade, fonte de pagamento do parto, paridade e escore da Associação Brasileira de Institutos de Pesquisa de Mercado, a presença do acompanhante esteve estatisticamente associada à maior oferta de líquidos/alimentos (RPa = 1,34), prescrição de dieta (RPa = 1,34), uso de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor (RPa = 1,37), amniotomia (RPa = 1,10), analgesia peridural ou ráqui (RPa = 1,84), adoção de posição não litotômica no parto (RPa = 1,77), permanência na mesma sala durante o trabalho de parto, parto e pós-parto (RPa = 1,62), contato pele a pele no parto (RPa = 1,81) e na cesariana (RP = 2,43), bem como redução da manobra de Kristeller (RPa = 0,67), tricotomia (RPa = 0,59) e enema (RPa = 0,49). CONCLUSÕES: Na região Sul do Brasil, além de sofrer várias intervenções desnecessárias, a maioria das mulheres não têm acesso às boas práticas. A presença do acompanhante está associada a diversas práticas benéficas e à redução de algumas intervenções, embora outras não sofram impacto.
Targeted Deletion of Adipocyte Abca1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Impairs Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Cuffe Helen , Liu Mingxia , Key Chia-Chi C. , Boudyguina Elena , Sawyer Janet K. , Weckerle Allison , Bashore Alexander , Fried Susan K. , Chung Soonkyu , Parks John S.
Published: January 2018

Objective—

Adipose tissue cholesterol increases with adipocyte triglyceride content and size during development of obesity. However, how adipocyte cholesterol affects adipocyte function is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the cellular cholesterol exporter, Abca1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1), on adipose tissue function during diet-induced obesity.

Approach and Results—

Adiponectin
Cre
recombinase transgenic mice were crossed with
Abca1

flox/flox

mice to generate ASKO (adipocyte-specific
Abca1
knockout) mice. Control and ASKO mice were then fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (45% calories as fat and 0.2% cholesterol) diet for 16 weeks. Compared with control mice, ASKO mice had a 2-fold increase in adipocyte plasma membrane cholesterol content and significantly lower body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size. ASKO versus control adipose tissue had decreased PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein expression, nuclear SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) protein, lipogenesis, and triglyceride accretion but similar Akt activation after acute insulin stimulation. Acute siRNA-mediated
Abca1
silencing during 3T3L1 adipocyte differentiation reduced adipocyte Abca1 and PPARγ protein expression and triglyceride content. Systemic stimulated triglyceride lipolysis and glucose homeostasis were similar between control and ASKO mice.

Conclusions—

Adipocyte Abca1 is a key regulator of adipocyte lipogenesis and lipid accretion, likely because of increased adipose tissue membrane cholesterol, resulting in decreased activation of lipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and SREBP1.
Flavonoids, Dairy Foods, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Authors: Mozaffarian Dariush , Wu Jason H.Y.
Published: January 2018

A growing body of nutritional science highlights the complex mechanisms and pleiotropic pathways of cardiometabolic effects of different foods. Among these, some of the most exciting advances are occurring in the area of flavonoids, bioactive phytochemicals found in plant foods; and in the area of dairy, including milk, yogurt, and cheese. Many of the relevant ingredients and mechanistic pathways are now being clarified, shedding new light on both the ingredients and the pathways for how diet influences health and well-being. Flavonoids, for example, have effects on skeletal muscle, adipocytes, liver, and pancreas, and myocardial, renal, and immune cells, for instance, related to 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, endothelial NO synthase activation, and suppression of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4). Effects of dairy are similarly complex and may be mediated by specific amino acids, medium-chain and odd-chain saturated fats, unsaturated fats, branched-chain fats, natural
trans
fats, probiotics, vitamin K1/K2, and calcium, as well as by processing such as fermentation and homogenization. These characteristics of dairy foods influence diverse pathways including related to mammalian target of rapamycin, silent information regulator transcript-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors, osteocalcin, matrix glutamate protein, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic and adipose fatty acid oxidation and inflammation, and gut microbiome interactions such as intestinal integrity and endotoxemia. The complexity of these emerging pathways and corresponding biological responses highlights the rapid advances in nutritional science and the continued need to generate robust empirical evidence on the mechanistic and clinical effects of specific foods.
Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Verdecchia Paolo , Angeli Fabio , Reboldi Gianpaolo
Published: January 2018

Hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) are 2 important public health priorities. Their prevalence is increasing worldwide, and the 2 conditions often coexist in the same patient. Hypertension and AF are strikingly related to an excess risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Hypertension ultimately increases the risk of AF, and because of its high prevalence in the population, it accounts for more cases of AF than other risk factors. Among patients with established AF, hypertension is present in about 60% to 80% of individuals. Despite the well-known association between hypertension and AF, several pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the higher risk of AF in hypertensive patients are still incompletely known. From an epidemiological standpoint, it is unclear whether the increasing risk of AF with blood pressure (BP) is linear or threshold. It is uncertain whether an intensive control of BP or the use of specific antihypertensive drugs, such as those inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, reduces the risk of subsequent AF in hypertensive patients in sinus rhythm. Finally, in spite of the observational evidence suggesting a progressive relation between BP levels and the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with hypertension and AF, the extent to which BP should be lowered in these patients, including those who undergo catheter ablation, remains uncertain. This article summarizes the main basic mechanisms through which hypertension is believed to promote AF. It also explores epidemiological data supporting an evolutionary pathway from hypertension to AF, including the emerging evidence favoring an intensive BP control or the use of drugs, which inhibit the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system to reduce the risk of AF. Finally, it examines the impact of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in relation to hypertension.
Raising the Bar for College Admission: North Carolina's Increase in Minimum Math Course Requirements
Authors: Clotfelter Charles T. , Hemelt Steven W. , Ladd Helen F.
Published: January 2018

We explore the effects of a statewide policy change that increased the number of high school math courses required for admission to four-year public universities in North Carolina. Using data on cohorts of eighth-grade students from 1999 to 2006, we exploit variation by district over time in the math course-taking environment encountered by students. Purely as a result of a student's year of birth and location, students faced different probabilities of encountering a sequence of math courses sufficient to qualify for admission. Within an instrumental variables setup, we examine effects of this policy shift. We find that students took more math courses in high school following the state's announcement, with relatively larger increases for students in the middle and bottom quintiles of their eighth-grade math test scores. Our results suggest this increased math course-taking led to higher high school graduation rates. It also led to increases in enrollment rates at universities in the University of North Carolina system, with the largest increases being in the quintiles of student achievement from which universities were already drawing the bulk of their enrollees. Finally, we find scant evidence of boosts in post-enrollment college performance due to increased math course-taking in high school.
Independent Attention Mechanisms Control the Activation of Tactile and Visual Working Memory Representations
Authors: Katus Tobias , Eimer Martin
Published: January 2018

Working memory (WM) is limited in capacity, but it is controversial whether these capacity limitations are domain-general or are generated independently within separate modality-specific memory systems. These alternative accounts were tested in bimodal visual/tactile WM tasks. In Experiment 1, participants memorized the locations of simultaneously presented task-relevant visual and tactile stimuli. Visual and tactile WM load was manipulated independently (one, two, or three items per modality), and one modality was unpredictably tested after each trial. To track the activation of visual and tactile WM representations during the retention interval, the visual contralateral delay activity (CDA) and tactile CDA (tCDA) were measured over visual and somatosensory cortex, respectively. CDA and tCDA amplitudes were selectively affected by WM load in the corresponding (tactile or visual) modality. The CDA parametrically increased when visual load increased from one to two and to three items. The tCDA was enhanced when tactile load increased from one to two items and showed no further enhancement for three tactile items. Critically, these load effects were strictly modality-specific, as substantiated by Bayesian statistics. Increasing tactile load did not affect the visual CDA, and increasing visual load did not modulate the tCDA. Task performance at memory test was also unaffected by WM load in the other (untested) modality. This was confirmed in a second behavioral experiment where tactile and visual loads were either two or four items, unimodal baseline conditions were included, and participants performed a color change detection task in the visual modality. These results show that WM capacity is not limited by a domain-general mechanism that operates across sensory modalities. They suggest instead that WM storage is mediated by distributed modality-specific control mechanisms that are activated independently and in parallel during multisensory WM.
Indistinguishable Synapses Lead to Sparse Networks
Authors: Snider Joseph
Published: January 2018

Neurons integrate information from many neighbors when they process information. Inputs to a given neuron are thus indistinguishable from one another. Under the assumption that neurons maximize their information storage, indistinguishability is shown to place a strong constraint on the distribution of strengths between neurons. The distribution of individual synapse strengths is found to follow a modified Boltzmann distribution with strength proportional to [Formula: see text]. The model is shown to be consistent with experimental data from Caenorhabditis elegans connectivity and in vivo synaptic strength measurements. The [Formula: see text] dependence helps account for the observation of many zero or weak connections between neurons or sparsity of the neural network.
New Insights into Roman Policy in Judea on the Eve of the Bar Kokhba Revolt
Authors: Ben Zeev Miriam
Published: January 2018

The first years of Hadrian’s reign witness meaningful changes in the Roman policy in Judea, identifiable with the strengthening of military forces, the change of the status of the province to that ofprovincia consularis, the building of new military roads, emphasis on the pagan character of the settlement displayed both in coinage and in new temples devoted to the emperor cult, and the beginning of the preparation works for the building of a Roman colony in Jerusalem. The background of this policy is examined, and its relation with the Diaspora uprisings, which were finally quelled in the late summer of 117.
Reinstatement of Phrix (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) based on DNA sequence analyses and morpho-anatomical evidence

Authors: MUÑOZ LILIANA A. , WYNNE MICHAEL J. , KAMIYA MITSUNOBU , WEST JOHN A. , KÜPPER FRITHJOF C. , RAMÍREZ MARÍA ELIANA , PETERS AKIRA F.
Published: January 2018

Living material of a marine red alga consisting of a prostrate basal system and small erect blades was isolated from laboratory-incubated substratum collected in a sea cave at 7 m depth on Easter Island in the Southeast Pacific. The alga in culture was morphologically identified as Apoglossum gregarium (E.Y. Dawson) M.J. Wynne. Molecular analyses (rbcL, LSU, COI) revealed that this alga was not closely related to Apoglossum ruscifolium (Turner) J. Agardh, the generitype. It also was genetically and morphologically distinct from Paraglossum and other genera in the Delesseriaceae. Therefore, it is proposed that the genus Phrix J.G. Stewart be reinstated. Because the taxonomic synonym Membranoptera spatulata E.Y. Dawson has priority over Hypoglossum gregarium E.Y. Dawson, the binomial Phrix spatulata (E.Y. Dawson) comb. nov. is effected as the name for the sole species currently recognized in this genus of the Delesseriaceae (Rhodophyta). This is a new record of the species from Chile. The basal system in culture developed from numerous coalescent uniseriate filaments from which the blades arose and showed this isolate to be a male with spermatangial sori.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. II. Lycopodiaceae
Authors: ØLLGAARD BENJAMIN , KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: January 2018

We provide a synopsis to the family Lycopodiaceae in Bolivia, including 40 species (some with varieties) in eight genera. One new species, Phlegmariurus stephani B.Øllg., is described. Keys are given to genera and species. Most relevant synonyms are mentioned, the general and Bolivian distribution and ecology is summarized, and some notes on related species are given.
A new species of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Barak River drainage, Manipur, India
Authors: RONI NARENGBAM , VISHWANATH WAIKHOM
Published: January 2018

Garra substrictorostris, a new labeonine species, is described from the Barak River drainage in Manipur, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: a prominent unilobed antrorse proboscis, with 3–5 medium to large multicuspid tubercles on its anterior margin; 4–6 multicuspid tubercles on its anteroventral margin; a prominent transverse lobe with 14–20 multicuspid tubercles; the lateral surface of the snout slightly elevated, lobular with 7–11 small tubercles; 5½ transverse scale rows above the lateral line and 3½ or 4½ scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin.
The genus Waoraniella García Aldrete (Lachesillidae: Eolachesillinae: Waoraniellini) in Colombia: Two new species from the Andean region
Authors: MANCHOLA OSCAR FERNANDO SAENZ , OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , ALDRETE ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA
Published: January 2018

Two species of Waoraniella from Valle del Cauca, represented by both sexes, are here described and illustrated. The new species were found in the Andean region, between 1000–2000 m above sea level, constituting the first record of the genus outside the Amazon Basin. An identification key and a distribution map of the known Waoraniella species is included.
Four-horned wasps, description of some remarkable Dirhinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) from Kenya, with a discussion of their taxonomic placement
Authors: DELVARE GÉRARD , COPELAND ROBERT S.
Published: January 2018

Five new species belonging to Dirhinus Dalman are described: D. quadrhinus Delvare sp. nov., D. gigasetosus Delvare sp. nov., D. kambae Delvare sp. nov., D. maasaii Delvare sp. nov. and D. leakeyorum Delvare sp. nov. These species belong to the newly defined and characterized quadrhinus species group, included in the subgenus Dirhinus of Dirhinus Dalman. Evidence for this taxonomic placement is provided despite the distinctive morphology exhibited by the relevant species. The himalayanus, claviger, anthracia and hesperidum groups, also included in subgenus Dirhinus, are similarly defined and characterized and lists of the relevant described species are provided. A key to the females of the quadrhinus group is given. The phylogeny of the genus Dirhinus, especially the other subgenera Pareniaca and Hontalia is discussed as well as the morphological characters the genus Dirhinus in relation to the potential hosts, and the restricted distribution of the members of the quadrhinus group in Kenya.
Two new species of Cryptoperla (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China, with description of the nymph of Cryptoperla dui Sivec
Authors: HUO QING-BO , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: January 2018

Two species of the peltoperlid genus Cryptoperla Needham, C. dactylina Du, sp. nov. and C. nangongshana Huo & Du, sp. nov. are described as new to science from Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces of China. Cryptoperla dactylina is characterized by a finger-like sclerotized projection with small-rounded processes on the first cercal segment and C. nangongshana is characterized by clusters of long bristles on the first six cercal segments. Additionally, a description of the nymph of C. dui Sivec is provided.
Description of the female of Dicterias atrosanguinea Selys 1853, with notes on male genital ligula and male behavior (Odonata: Dicteriadidae)
Authors: VILELA DIOGO SILVA , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO
Published: January 2018

The female of Dicterias atrosanguinea Selys, 1853 is described and illustrated based on two specimens collected in Pará and Amazonas States, Brazil. We compare the female with the most closely related species, Heliocharis amazona Selys, 1853, and present SEM images of the genital ligula for both D. atrosanguinea and H. amazona males. Additionally we provide behavioral observations on D. atrosanguinea males.
Turbulent Friction Velocity Calculated from the Reynolds Stress Tensor
Authors: Klipp Cheryl
Published: January 2018

To eliminate the need to correct for instrument tilt, a process that can be problematic in complex terrain, a new way to calculate the turbulent friction velocity is derived based on invariants of the Reynolds stress tensor. In utilizing Reynolds stress tensor invariants, this new method eliminates the need for tilt correction. The friction velocity is calculated without any reference to the wall normal or other terrain features making this method a candidate for future use with data from complex environments. Since this new method is derived from a different theoretical basis than the well-established methods, it is evaluated using data from flat terrain to compare the new method to the standard calculation method, treated here as a baseline truth. For neutral thermal stratification the values calculated using the new method nearly identically match the control values calculated using the standard method. Although for nonneutral stratification the values calculated using the new method do not closely match the values calculated using the standard method, the new friction velocity produces the same dimensionless shear versus dimensionless height Monin–Obukhov scaling relationship over the full range of stabilities as does the standard friction velocity.
Reliability, Factor Structure, and Measurement Invariance of a Web-Based Assessment of Children’s Social-Emotional Comprehension
Authors: McKown Clark
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a web-based, self-administered battery of assessments of social-emotional comprehension called “SELweb.” Assessment modules measured children’s ability to read facial expressions, infer others’ perspectives, solve social problems, delay gratification, and tolerate frustration. In an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 4,419 children in kindergarten through third grade who completed SELweb: (a) scores from assessment modules exhibited moderate to high internal consistency and moderate 6-month temporal stability; (b) composite assessment scores exhibited high reliability; and (c) assessment module scores fit a theoretically coherent four-factor model that includes factors reflecting emotion recognition, social perspective-taking, social problem-solving, and self-control. In addition, the present study supports configural and metric invariance across time, sex, and ethnicity. Analyses suggest partial scalar invariance across time, sex, and, to a lesser degree, ethnicity.
The Impact of Consulting on Small Business: A Further Examination
Authors: Nahavandi Afsaneh , Chesteen Susan
Published: January 2018

The present study focuses on the impact of consulting on small businesses and identifies the reasons why small businesses do not implement some of the recommendations that they receive from consultants. A mail survey of 126 businesses that had sought assistance from the SBDC at the University of Utah was conducted. Results obtained from 106 respondents (84% response rate) indicate that overall, business manager/owners were highly satisfied with the services they received and that they found them useful. They also reported that the consulting had a positive impact on their business. Appropriateness and lack of consultant expertise were cited as primary reasons for not implementing some of the recommendations. The results are discussed in terms of areas in which the SBDCs could improve the assistance they provide small businesses and future directions for research.
Increasing the Advertising Effectiveness of Small Retail Businesses
Authors: Vaccaro Joseph P. , Kassaye W. Wossen
Published: January 2018

Advertising and other promotional decisions are influenced by the nature of the target market, as well as which media vehicles are within the financial reach of the small-business owner and how effective they are in reaching the target market. Though considerable research has been conducted about the value of advertisements in general, little is known about the relative effectiveness of suburban and urban papers and radio stations in reaching the specific target markets of small business retailers. Because of financial exigencies and the need to produce results within a reasonable period of time, the appropriate use of media vehicles is of paramount importance for small retail outlets. To assess the effects of various media vehicles on different market segments, a study was accomplished in selected urban and suburban communities. Findings from this study indicate that, although the aggregate measure of readership of major dailies is high across urban and suburban dwellers, the relative influence and effectiveness of urban dallies, suburban weeklies and radio stations tend to differ among communities.
Third World Joint Venturing: A Strategic Option for the Smaller Firm
Authors: D'Souza Derrick E. , McDougall Patricia P.
Published: January 2018

This paper identified critical factors that affect the success of joint ventures in Third World countries. It suggests a framework for assessing the fit between smaller firms from developed countries and Third World firms that enter into such joint ventures. The article links international operations to local operations of the smaller firm from developed countries, and suggests areas for future research to align its focus.
Response Behavior of Entrepreneurs in a Mail Survey
Authors: Alpar Paul , Spitzer Daniel M.
Published: January 2018

As research in new and small businesses increases there is a need for increasing rigor in the area. In an effort to provide a basis for some improvement, an examination of item response rates and response quality in a recent survey of new, technologically oriented businesses has been conducted. The results show areas of similarity and differences between entrepreneurs and a general population. The application of response quality techniques to obtain additional information from survey data is also discussed.
Testing a Portion of Sheth's Theory of Merchandise Buying Behavior with Small Apparel Retail Firms
Authors: Fiorito Susan S.
Published: January 2018

Buying decisions in a retail store are among the most important and the most often made. Yet we have little empirical work that has contributed to our understanding of buyer decision-making in a retail setting. This study tested a portion of Sheth's (1981) theory on merchandise requirements in order to better understand the components in buyer decision-making in the small apparel retail firm. Simple and multivariate regression analyses were used with vendor selection criteria as dependent variables. The results indicated that several of the merchandise requirement variables were significant in explaining vendor selection criteria. However, product specific variables—quality, color, position on fashion cycle, styling, distinctiveness, brand name, and price—were by far the most potent predictors of vendor selection criteria in all regression analyses.
The Value Orientations of Minority and Non-Minority Small Business Owners
Authors: Enz Cathy A. , Dollinger Marc J. , Daily Catherine M.
Published: January 2018

This study examines value orientations of minority and non-minority small business owners and contrasts their perceived similarity with corporate customers. Six categories of organizational values, including the values of collectivism, duty, rationality, novelty, materialism, and power are examined. Analyses of a sample of 252 small business firms indicate that minority owners differ from non-minority owners in their value orientations; and are significantly different from non-minority owners in the degree to which they perceive organizational value similarity with customers. However, the levels of perceived value similarity with corporate customers did not vary among the minority groups (i.e. blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans). An implication is that value orientation may be an important component in the process of aligning the minority business firm with its environment. Further, a value system may be guiding the behavior of the minority small business owners against the overwhelming odds of racial/ethnic dissimilarities.
An Empirical Comparison between Objective and Subjective Measures of the Product Innovation Domain of Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Jennings Daniel F. , Young Dean M.
Published: January 2018

Developing both subjective and objective measures of the concept of corporate entrepreneurship would be of interest to the field of entrepreneurship. This study (1) develops an objective measure of one domain of corporate entrepreneurship, product innovation, using archival data, and (2) uses a self-report questionnaire as a subjective measure for the same domain. Both the subjective and objective measures were statistically reliable and no significant differences between the two measures were found. Implications for both academic researchers and practicing managers are noted.
Contributing Editor's Feature
Authors: Ronstadt Robert
Published: January 2018

A decade ago I was fortunate to discover a forgotten gem. The nearly lost item was a short article, originally published in the 1950s. Somehow a faded copy found its way to my desk. The story it contained was the insightful reflections of a very successful but unknown entrepreneur by the name of John Hendrick.

In a few precious pages, Mr. Hendrick laid out his life and his eventual, he would say “tortuous,” evolution into a practicing entrepreneur. It wasn't an easy development. All kinds of barriers had to be conquered, some financial, but many others social and psychological. But all these obstacles had a connection, one way or other, to Mr. Hendrick's college experience.

Today, in the literature of entrepreneurship, “How I Overcame The Handicap Of A College Education” is a classic.1 It deserves this stature because the article embodies not just the educational experience of John Hendrick, but that of many entrepreneurs who've had to surmount similar barriers posed by an intellectual history and academy that treats business creation and development with unreserved scorn.

The author of course never meant to imply that a college education was a bad thing … even for entrepreneurs. John Hendrick was far wiser than that. Nor did he mean to suggest that his liberal arts training at Yale was intrinsically wrong for entrepreneurs. Quite the opposite. In the end, it was this same education that allowed him to puzzle through his problems.

But his schooling did have its drawbacks. Now another author, Dennis Ray, shows us how to turn these negative factors into a positive educational experience. Indeed, liberal arts can promote entrepreneurial values and relevant knowledge for future business owners. There is no longer any reason why college should be a handicap.
Debt, Liquidity, and Profitability Problems in Small Firms
Authors: Davidson Wallace N. , Dutia Dipa
Published: January 2018

Small business writers and researchers often base their analysis on the assumption that small businesses are undercapitalized and have low liquidity. Surprisingly few researchers have addressed this issue even though these assumptions permeate the literature. Using data from Robert Morris and Associates’ Annual Statement Studies for 86,000 firms in 343 industries over five years, we show that small firms have higher debt ratios than larger firms. Comparisons of the liquidity ratio and profitability ratio between large and small firms yield mixed results, which is at variance from past research.
Reflexivity in Applying “Inspiration Economy” Research
Authors: Ahmed Dunya , Buheji Mohamed
Published: January 2018

The overarching aim of this research is to extend and examine the way in which the inspiration economy (IE) can be applied in different contexts and countries, bearing in mind how social and cultural contexts influence the way in which research methods and fields are utilized. This is achieved through a reflexive analysis of a research study in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The originality of the method focuses on the involvement of research groups in collecting and analyzing data with minimal resources and on the role of mentoring which gives group members greater ownership of the process and results/outcomes. This leads to the different researching teams building an internal drive to implement an IE case study, which was the core study of all the research studies. The study concludes with recommendations concerning the importance of involving research groups and of opening up a new path for the knowledge community. It also stresses the power of youth and research groups for the future of research in conducting and implementing research outcomes.
Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD): Form and Function
Authors: Levin Adeera , Adams Evan , Barrett Brendan J. , Beanlands Heather , Burns Kevin D. , Chiu Helen Hoi-Lun , Chong Kate , Dart Allison , Ferera Jack , Fernandez Nicolas , Fowler Elisabeth , Garg Amit X. , Gilbert Richard , Harris Heather , Harvey Rebecca , Hemmelgarn Brenda , James Matthew , Johnson Jeffrey , Kappel Joanne , Komenda Paul , McCormick Michael , McIntyre Christopher , Mahmud Farid , Pei York , Pollock Graham , Reich Heather , Rosenblum Norman D. , Scholey James , Sochett Etienne , Tang Mila , Tangri Navdeep , Tonelli Marcello , Turner Catherine , Walsh Michael , Woods Cathy , Manns Braden
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review

This article serves to describe the Can-SOLVE CKD network, a program of research projects and infrastructure that has excited patients and given them hope that we can truly transform the care they receive.

Issue

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that affects more than 4 million Canadians and costs the Canadian health care system more than $40 billion per year. The evidence base for guiding care in CKD is small, and even in areas where evidence exists, uptake of evidence into clinical practice has been slow. Compounding these complexities are the variations in outcomes for patients with CKD and difficulties predicting who is most likely to develop complications over time. Clearly these gaps in our knowledge and understanding of CKD need to be filled, but the current state of CKD research is not where it needs to be. A culture of clinical trials and inquiry into the disease is lacking, and much of the existing evidence base addresses the concerns of the researchers but not necessarily those of the patients.

Program overview

The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has launched the national Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR), a coalition of federal, provincial, and territorial partners dedicated to integrating research into care. Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD) is one of five pan-Canadian chronic kidney disease networks supported through the SPOR. The vision of Can-SOLVE CKD is that by 2020 every Canadian with or at high risk for CKD will receive the best recommended care, experience optimal outcomes, and have the opportunity to participate in studies with novel therapies, regardless of age, sex, gender, location, or ethnicity.

Program objective

The overarching objective of Can-SOLVE CKD is to accelerate the translation of knowledge about CKD into clinical research and practice. By focusing on the patient’s voice and implementing relevant findings in real time, Can-SOLVE CKD will transform the care that CKD patients receive, and will improve kidney health for future generations.
Murine chronic graft-versus-host disease proteome profiling discovers CCL15 as a novel biomarker in patients
Authors: Du Jing , Flynn Ryan , Paz Katelyn , Ren Hong-Gang , Ogata Yuko , Zhang Qing , Gafken Philip R. , Storer Barry E. , Roy Nathan H. , Burkhardt Janis K. , Mathews Wendy , Tolar Jakub , Lee Stephanie J. , Blazar Bruce R. , Paczesny Sophie
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Circulating levels of murine CCL9 and human homolog CCL15 are increased during cGVHD. Targeting CCL9 in vivo reverses murine cGVHD.
Market and political power interactions in Greece: an empirical investigation
Authors: Kollintzas Tryphon , Papageorgiou Dimitris , Tsionas Efthymios , Vassilatos Vanghelis
Published: January 2018

In this paper, using a dynamic panel of 21 OECD countries, we find that, unlike the other OECD countries in the sample, wage setting institutions, competition conditions, public finances, and external imbalances can account for the behavior of the public sector wage premium (WPR) and the self-employed taxation gap (TSL) in Greece and to a lesser extent in Spain and Portugal, in a manner that is consistent with an “insider–outsider society” (IOS). That is, a politicoeconomic system characterized by groups of selfish elites that enjoy market power but at the same time cooperate in influencing government in protecting and promoting their collective self-interests. Then, we find that for Greece as well as Spain and Portugal, WPR and TSL have an adverse effect on both TFP and output growth. Finally, the effect of WPR and TSL on the business cycle (shock propagation mechanism) is investigated via a panel VAR analysis. Again, impulse response function analysis suggests that the shock propagation mechanisms of WPR and TSL for Greece and to a lesser extent for Spain and Portugal are quite different from the rest of the OECD countries. For example, in Greece, unlike the other OECD countries in the sample, a positive temporary shock in WPR causes TFP and output to fall and the public and current account deficits to increase. We take the TFP/output growth and the shock propagation mechanism results to provide strong evidence that Greece and to a lesser extent Spain and Portugal behave like IOS. For that matter, these results are important in order to understand the Greek crisis.
Acquisition of permanent residence by temporary foreign workers in Canada: a panel study of labour market outcomes before and after the status transition
Authors: Ci Wen , Hou Feng , Morissette René
Published: January 2018

Using a unique administrative dataset, this study investigates the employment and earnings trajectories of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) during the years surrounding their acquisition of permanent residence in Canada. If the labour market assimilation of TFWs follows a smooth trajectory in the absence of acquisition of permanent residence, any kinks that occur in employment rates and earnings in or after the year when TFWs become permanent residents might plausibly result from the transition to permanent residence. The main finding of the study is that the labour market outcomes of different groups of TFWs in Canada follow different temporal patterns depending on the TFWs’ skill level and work permit type. Gains in labour market outcomes resulting from the acquisition of permanent residence appear to be greater for holders of an open work permit and for live-in caregivers than for highly skilled TFWs.
The relationship between color cycles in home furnishings and apparel, 1969–2009
Authors: Johnson Olivia , Ulrich Pamela
Published: January 2018

Fashion is visible in many product categories; color can be an important component in consumers’ product selection decisions. The current phenomenon of fast fashion suggests color cycles have shortened and overlapped between product categories, however no current research has explored the length or speed of color cycles in the current consumer-centric market. Three research questions concerning apparel and home furnishing furnishings were proposed, what (1) parallel color cycles or trends can be identified; (2) are the comparative lengths of color cycles in apparel and home furnishings; and (3) colors exhibited evidence of a time lag between 1969-2009. Content analysis was applied to colors seen in two interiors and two apparel magazines. Few parallel or sequential trends were observed between apparel and home furnishings. Overall, this research showed that color cycles in these consumer product sectors are complex phenomena that deserve more research.
Must Psychoanalysis be Scientific?
Authors: King J. R.
Published: January 2018

In spite of the vast strides forward made by the brain sciences this century, the gap between our understanding of the brain and our understanding of the mind remains uncomfortably wide. At one end of the scale, physical scientists scratch patiently away at the chemistry of receptor sites on cell membranes, at the other, clinicians make brilliant deductions by sheer intuition, and in between is a hazy land. As the pendulum now swings back towards a biological approach to psychiatry, we hear again the old assertion that the only true knowledge can be obtained by objective observation; subjective intuition must therefore be suspect, an unreliable and intangible entity. What validity is there in this argument?
Saskatchewan Secure Unit
Authors: Livingston Martin G.
Published: January 2018

The British approach to administrative problems is often to accumulate more and more evidence for changes which are obsolete before enaction. Such a fate seems likely to happen to plans for the management of the psychiatrically disturbed offender following several reports. It was interesting, therefore, this summer to work as a locum consultant in a Saskatchewan forensic psychiatric hospital.
General Paralysis Still Occurs
Authors: Rice David , Vawdrey Brian , Bushell Tim
Published: January 2018

Florid cases of GPI of the classical type described in the older text books do not nowadays commonly occur. There must be many psychiatrists who have never had the opportunity of seeing such a patient and it is for this reason that this case history is detailed.
How to get the Senior Registrar post you want
Authors: Tufnell Guinevere
Published: January 2018

‘Have you thought about the questions you will be asked by the selection committee?’ asked a friendly consultant colleague shortly before I attended my first interview for a senior registrar post. My application had been deeply considered, I thought, and I felt myself to be well prepared for success. My failure to get the job was an unexpected blow, but also one from which I subsequently learned some important lessons. Retiring to commiserate with the successful candidate over a cup of coffee, I was lucky enough to obtain by chance some helpful feedback on my sorry performance that afternoon. I had, I learned, conveyed an impression of ambivalence about wanting the job, and worse, uncertainty about the direction of my future career. I was amazed. However, subsequent conversations with a nonmedical friend who was the veteran of many such encounters (from both sides of the interviewing table) soon revealed the many ways in which I had doomed myself to failure. I determined to do better next time, and set out to gather as much expertise as I could. I present the fruit of these researches here, in the hope that they will prove useful to others in a similar position.
Adolescent Psychiatry in Britain: A Personal View of Its Development and Present Position
Authors: Parry-Jones William
Published: January 2018

The importance of the adolescent life period, from 10 to 19 years, is evident increasingly in all cultures of the world. The short, ritualized transition from childhood to adulthood, which has been characteristic of some cultures, is giving way to more prolonged periods as the pattern of Western industrialized society spreads to other parts of the world. The mental health problems of adolescents are attracting increasing attention since they have long-term social and economic implications. In Europe and the United States, epidemiological surveys indicate a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in teenagers. At all times in the community there is a large group of adolescents who are a source of concern because of their misbehaviour and apparent unhappiness. Nevertheless, adolescents world-wide have received relatively less medical and psychiatric attention than other age groups and specialized services, professional training and research are poorly developed. This is the state of affairs in many European countries and there are grounds for concern about the present state of adolescent psychiatry in Britain, in terms of both its clinical services and its professional development and status.
Marriage Guidance Counselling
Authors: Baker Kathleen
Published: January 2018

The Marriage Guidance Council sets out. as the first of its objectives states: To provide a confidential counselling service for people who have difficulties or anxieties in their marriages or in other personal relationships. It offers other services too: education for young people, setting up training courses and conferences, and publishing and distributing literature. But the counselling of individuals and couples is the main activity of the Council and the one for which it is generally known.
What's Wrong with Psychogeriatrics?
Authors: White D. M. D.
Published: January 2018

For some months I have been toying with the idea of writing some notes under this title. The recent article by the Sub-Dean, (Bulletin, January 1979 p. 7) analysing the reports of Assessors on Advisory Appointment Committees seems to make comment necessary, confirming as it does what many of us working in the field have felt for some time—that something is very wrong with the opportunities available in the psychiatry of old age.
Psychiatry in the 1870s: Centenary of the Mental After-Care Association
Authors: Walk Alexander
Published: January 2018

The Mental After-Care Association has just celebrated its centenary. An account of the meeting at which it was founded apeared in the Journal of Mental Science for October 1879.
Health Service Provision for Medical Education in England and Wales: Can Standards Be Maintained?
Authors: Pond Desmond
Published: January 2018

Under the above title a one-day Conference was recently held under the auspices of three relatively new organizations: The University Hospitals Association; the Medical Academic Staff Committee of the BMA; and the Federation of Associations of Clinical Professors. The existence of these bodies themselves reflects the growing recognition that academic medicine does not have a strong enough voice in the world of medical politics, especially as regards the allocation of resources. The meeting was attended by Sir Henry Yellowlees and at the beginning also by Dr Gerard Vaughan. We should note with pleasure that we are the only Medical College with a Fellow who is a Minister in the Government.
Clinical Tutors' Sub-Committee: Conference on Assessment of Postgraduate Training in Psychiatry
Authors: Bronks Ian G.
Published: January 2018

This Conference was held at the Scientific Societies Lecture Theatre, Savile Row, London on 5th February 1979. The President, Professor D. A. Pond, was in the Chair.
The College's Statement on Hospital Closures
Authors: Pond Desmond
Published: January 2018

At its meeting on 26 October 1979 Council heard of the threatened closure of a number of psychiatric units and related departments and expressed great concern that the current economic situation might seriously threaten the maintenance and development of essential services for the mentally ill and the mentally handicapped. We wish to stress the need for the closest consultation at all levels between administrators and members of the College so that cuts can be made which are effective economically with the least danger of reducing the services to patients. This is particularly important where ‘temporary’ closures are being considered where the normal consultative processes may be by-passed. Our specialty is recognized as still being relatively under-provided in comparison with other areas of medicine. Furthermore, it relies heavily on manpower and not on expensive apparatus, costly drugs or other resources besides personnel.
Medical Students in Psychiatric Out-Patients
Authors: Salisbury C. J. , Harrison Glynn L.
Published: January 2018

A good doctor-patient relationship is central to the task of gathering information and providing treatment, especially in psychiatry. In a teaching hospital this relationship may be complicated by the presence of one or more medical students, watching in an uninvolved fashion, and possibly changing from visit to visit. If the students are seated to one side or even behind him, the patient may feel increasingly uncomfortable about exposing personal material in the absence of any visual feedback. A passive audience may be permissible in a general medical setting where information is less personal and amateur status is masked behind white uniforms. In psychiatry, however, the youthfulness and comparative immaturity of students may be heightened by casual dress and less formal clinics.