bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating infant age from skull X-ray images using deep learning
Authors: Lee Heui Seung , Kang Jaewoong , Kim So Eui , Kim Ji Hee , Cho Bum-Joo
Published: July 2024

This study constructed deep learning models using plain skull radiograph images to predict the accurate postnatal age of infants under 12 months. Utilizing the results of the trained deep learning models, it aimed to evaluate the feasibility of employing major changes visible in skull X-ray images for assessing postnatal cranial development through gradient-weighted class activation mapping. We developed DenseNet-121 and EfficientNet-v2-M convolutional neural network models to analyze 4933 skull X-ray images collected from 1343 infants. Notably, allowing for a ± 1 month error margin, DenseNet-121 reached a maximum corrected accuracy of 79.4% for anteroposterior (AP) views (average: 78.0 ± 1.5%) and 84.2% for lateral views (average: 81.1 ± 2.9%). EfficientNet-v2-M reached a maximum corrected accuracy 79.1% for AP views (average: 77.0 ± 2.3%) and 87.3% for lateral views (average: 85.1 ± 2.5%). Saliency maps identified critical discriminative areas in skull radiographs, including the coronal, sagittal, and metopic sutures in AP skull X-ray images, and the lambdoid suture and cortical bone density in lateral images, marking them as indicators for evaluating cranial development. These findings highlight the precision of deep learning in estimating infant age through non-invasive methods, offering the progress for clinical diagnostics and developmental assessment tools.
Prediction of freak waves from buoy measurements
Authors: Breunung Thomas , Balachandran Balakumar
Published: July 2024

Freak or rogue waves are a danger to ships, offshore infrastructure, and other maritime equipment. Reliable rogue wave forecasts could mitigate this risk for operations at sea. While the occurrence of oceanic rogue waves at sea is generally acknowledged, reliable rogue wave forecasts are unavailable. In this paper, the authors seek to overcome this shortcoming by demonstrating how rogue waves can be predicted from field measurements. An extensive buoy data set consisting of billions of waves is utilized to parameterize neural networks. This network is trained to distinguish waves prior to an extreme wave from waves which are not followed by an extreme wave. With this approach, three out of four rogue waves are correctly predicted 1 min ahead of time. When the advance warning time is extended to 5 min, it is found that the ratio of accurate predictions is reduced to seven out of ten rogue waves. Another strength of the trained neural networks is their capabilities to extrapolate. This aspect is verified by obtaining forecasts for a buoy location that is not included in the networks’ training set. Furthermore, the performance of the trained neural network carries over to realistic scenarios where rogue waves are extremely rare.
Down syndrome and postoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing surgery for congenital cardiac communications
Authors: Carvalho Eloisa Sassá , Penha Juliano Gomes , Maeda Nair Yukie , Abud Kelly Cristina O. , Souza Maria Francilene S. , Castro Claudia R. P. , dos Santos Johnny X. , Pereira Juliana , Lopes Antonio Augusto
Published: July 2024

Although Down syndrome (DS) is considered a risk factor for hemodynamic instabilities (mainly pulmonary hypertension–PH) following surgery for congenital cardiac communications, many DS patients do surprising well postoperatively. We prospectively analyzed perioperative factors for a possible correlation with post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) inflammatory reaction and postoperative PH in pediatric subjects. Sixty patients were enrolled (age 3 to 35 months), 39 of them with DS. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters (anatomical and hemodynamic) were computed preoperatively. Pulmonary and systemic mean arterial pressures (PAP and SAP) were assessed invasively intra and postoperatively. Immediate postoperative PAP/SAP ratio (PAP/SAPIPO) and the behavior of pressure curves were selected as primary outcome. Serum levels of 36 inflammatory proteins were measured by chemiluminescence preoperatively and 4 h post CPB. Of all factors analyzed, peripheral oxygen saturation (O2Sat, bedside assessment) was the only preoperative predictor of PAP/SAPIPO at multivariate analysis (p = 0.007). Respective values in non-DS, DS/O2Sat ≥ 95% and DS/O2Sat < 95% subgroups were 0.34 (0.017), 0.40 (0.027) and 0.45 (0.026), mean (SE), p = 0.004. The difference between non-DS and DS groups regarding postoperative PAP curves (upward shift in DS patients, p = 0.015) became nonsignificant (p = 0.114) after adjustment for preoperative O2Sat. Post-CPB levels of at least 5 cytokines were higher in patients with O2Sat < 95% versus those at or above this level, even within the DS group (p < 0.05). Thus, a baseline O2Sat < 95% representing pathophysiological phenomena in the airways and the distal lung, rather than DS in a broad sense, seems to be associated with post-CPB inflammation and postoperative PH in these patients.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Liu Zhiyun , Chen Hengxin , Chen Dubo , Wu Xianjin , Xu Hongxu , Chen Peisong , Wang Ruizhi , Chen Yili
Published: July 2024

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with diabetes mellitus has high incidence, especially in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for IPA in patients with T2DM. A total of 66 patients with T2DM were included, including 21 IPA and 45 non-IPA patients, from January 2022 to December 2022. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory test results, antibiotic treatment response, and 30-day mortality rate of patients were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and conventional methods was compared, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS were 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of fluorescence staining (42.1% and 100%), serum 1,3-β-D-glucan detection (38.1% and 90.9%), serum galactomannan detection (14.3% and 94.9%) and BALF galactomannan detection (47.3% and 70.7%). Although the sensitivity of BALF culture (75.0%) was higher than that of mNGS (66.7%), the turnover time of mNGS was significantly shorter than that of traditional culture (1.6 days vs. 5.0 days). The sensitivity of mNGS combined with BALF culture reached 100.0%. In addition, mNGS has a stronger ability to detect co-pathogens with IPA. 47.6% of T2DM patients with IPA were adjusted the initial antimicrobial therapy according to the mNGS results. This is the first study to focus on the diagnostic performance of mNGS in IPA infection in T2DM patients. MNGS can be used as a supplement to conventional methods for the diagnosis of IPA in patients with T2DM.
Effects of blood flow restriction training on physical fitness among athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Kun , Chee Chen Soon , Abdul Kahar Johan , Tengku Kamalden Tengku Fadilah , Li Rui , Qian Shaowen
Published: July 2024

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is an effective, scientific and safe training method, but its effect on the overall quality of athletes remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to clarify the effects of BFRT on the physical fitness among athletes. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and SCOUPS, the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality, and RevMan 5.4 and STATA 15.0 software were used to analyze the data. A meta-analysis of 28 studies with a total sample size of 542 athletes aged 14–26 years and assessed as low risk for quality was performed. Our results revealed that the BFRT intervention had small to large improvements in the athletes' strength (ES = 0.74–1.03), power (ES = 0.46), speed (ES = 0.54), endurance (ES = 1.39–1.40), body composition (ES = 0.28–1.23), while there was no significant effect on body mass (p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that moderator variables (training duration, frequency, load, cuff pressure, and pressurization time) also had varying degrees of effect on athletes' physical fitness parameters. In conclusion, BFRT had a positive effect on the physical fitness parameters of the athletes, with significantly improved strength, power, speed, endurance and body composition, but not body mass parameters. When the training frequency ≥ 3 times/week, cuff pressure ≥ 160 mmHg, and pressurization time ≥ 10 min, the BFRT group was more favorable for the improvement of physical fitness parameters.
Expecting to integrate additional information improves averaging of experience
Authors: Grinfeld Guy , Usher Marius , Liberman Nira
Published: July 2024

Humans learn both directly, from own experience, and via social communication, from the experience of others. They also often integrate these two sources of knowledge to make predictions and choices. We hypothesized that when faced with the need to integrate communicated information into personal experience, people would represent the average of experienced exemplars with greater accuracy. In two experiments, Mturk users estimated the mean of consecutively and rapidly presented number sequences that represented bonuses ostensibly paid by different providers on a crowdsource platform. Participants who expected integrating these values with verbal information about possible change in bonuses were more accurate in extracting the means of the values compared to participants who did not have such expectation. While our study focused on socially communicated information, the observed effect may potentially extend to other forms of information integration. We suggest that expected integration of experience with additional information facilitates an abstract representation of personal experiences.
Long-term renal outcome of Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) under anti-Interleukin-1 therapy
Authors: Russwurm Martin , Johannsen Sophia , Kortus-Götze Birgit , Haas Christian S.
Published: July 2024

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are orphan hereditary auto-inflammatory diseases with various phenotypes, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Current therapies inhibit interleukin-1 (IL-1) to achieve clinical and serological remission; however, the effect on kidney involvement remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of anti-IL-1 treatment with special emphasis on renal outcome. We retrospectively analysed clinical, genetic and laboratory data of patients with CAPS under anti-IL-1 therapy from a single-centre university outpatient clinic. Patients with CAPS (n = 28) were followed for a median of 11 (IQR 8.5–13) years. Four patients at various ages (19%), bearing the most common CAPS mutation R260W, had significant CKD at presentation. All affected patients were related; however, other family members with the same genetic variant did not develop CKD. While anti-IL-1 therapy was effective in lowering symptom burden and inflammatory parameters in all CAPS patients, two of the four individuals with significant CKD had persistent proteinuria and worsening kidney function. None of the patients without renal affection at therapy initiation developed relevant CKD in the follow-up period. We showed that in patients with CAPS: (1) CKD is a common complication; (2) renal involvement shows familial predisposition beyond the mutational status and is independent of age; (3) anti-IL-1 therapy results in sustained improvement of inflammatory parameters and symptom load and (4) may prevent development of CAPS-associated CKD but not affect kidney involvement when already present. Overall, early therapy initiation might sufficiently prevent renal disease manifestation and attenuate progression.
Pituitary-derived small extracellular vesicles promote liver repair by its cargo miR-143-3p
Authors: Xiong Jia-Li , Wang Yu-Xuan , Luo Jun-Yi , Wang Shu-Meng , Sun Jia-Jie , Xi Qian-Yun , Chen Ting , Zhang Yong-Liang
Published: July 2024

The small Extracellular vesicles (sEV) has been recognized to be significant for intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer important cellular cargoes like miRNAs through circulation. The pituitary gland has not been clearly known about the role of its secreted sEV under normal physiological conditions. And Liver disease is a global public health burden. The present study is the first to investigate the effect of pituitary sEV on the liver. Sequencing and qRT-PCR revealed miR-143-3p is one of the richest in the pituitary sEV. MiR-143 Knockout (KO) mice resulted in a remarkable decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and a significant increase in insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) levels along with a reduction in liver primary cell growth. More importantly, compared with miR-143-KO-sEV, WT-sEV possesses a more robust capacity to improve miR-143 KO mice liver repair through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway after an acute injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Our results indicate that pituitary-derived sEV promotes hepatocyte proliferation and liver repair by its cargo miR-143-3p and provides new insight into the regulation mechanism of the pituitary-liver axis, and open a new window for endocrine regulation by using sEV.
Evolution of C-point singularities and polarization coverage of Poincaré–Bessel beam in self-healing process
Authors: Kumar Subith , Pal Anupam , Shiri Arash , Samanta G. K. , Gbur Greg
Published: July 2024

As a vector version of scalar Bessel beams, Poincaré–Bessel beams (PBBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their non-diffracting and self-healing properties as well as the presence of polarization singularities. Previous studies of PBBs have focused on cases that consist of a superposition of Bessel beams in orthogonal circular polarization states; here, we present a theoretical and experimental study of PBBs for which the polarization states are taken to be linear, which we call a linear PBB. Using a mode transformation of a full Poincaré beam constructed from linear polarization states, we observe the linear PBB as providing an in-principle infinite number of covers of the Poincaré sphere in the transverse plane and with an infinite number of C-points with positive and negative topological indices. We also study the dynamics of C-point singularities in a linear PBB in the process of self-healing after being obstructed by an obstacle, providing insight into “Hilbert Hotel” style evolution of singularities in light beams. The present study can be useful for imaging in the presence of depolarizing surroundings, studying turbulent atmospheric channels, and exploring the rich mathematical concepts of transfinite numbers.
Extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrashort pulse laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator
Authors: Kettle Brendan , Colgan Cary , Los Eva E. , Gerstmayr Elias , Streeter Matthew J. V. , Albert Felicie , Astbury Sam , Baggott Rory A. , Cavanagh Niall , Falk Kateřina , Hyde Timothy I. , Lundh Olle , Rajeev P. Pattathil , Riley Dave , Rose Steven J. , Sarri Gianluca , Spindloe Chris , Svendsen Kristoffer , Symes Dan R. , Šmíd Michal , Thomas Alec G. R. , Thornton Chris , Watt Robbie , Mangles Stuart P. D.
Published: July 2024

Laser-driven compact particle accelerators can provide ultrashort pulses of broadband X-rays, well suited for undertaking X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on a femtosecond timescale. Here the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) features of the K-edge of a copper sample have been observed over a 250 eV window in a single shot using a laser wakefield accelerator, providing information on both the electronic and ionic structure simultaneously. This capability will allow the investigation of ultrafast processes, and in particular, probing high-energy-density matter and physics far-from-equilibrium where the sample refresh rate is slow and shot number is limited. For example, states that replicate the tremendous pressures and temperatures of planetary bodies or the conditions inside nuclear fusion reactions. Using high-power lasers to pump these samples also has the advantage of being inherently synchronised to the laser-driven X-ray probe. A perspective on the additional strengths of a laboratory-based ultrafast X-ray absorption source is presented.
Optimization of floodwater redistribution from Lake Nasser could recharge Egypt’s aquifers and mitigate its excessive floods
Authors: Elhaddad Hesham , Sultan Mohamed , Yan Eugene , Abdelmohsen Karem , Mohammad Abdullah T. , Badawy Ahmed , Karimi Hadi , Saleh Hassan , Emil Mustafa Kemal
Published: July 2024

Extreme precipitation periods, possibly related to climate change, over the Nile River source areas caused flooding in Sudan and excess runoff reaching Lake Nasser in Egypt in 1998–2002 and 2019–2022. Excess water from the 1st event (25.5 × 109 m3) was channeled to depressions within the plateau west of the Nile Valley, forming the Tushka Lakes, where it was left to evaporate, a fate that awaits the 53.5 × 109 m3 from the 2nd event while the underlying fossil Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System is being depleted (−0.98 × 109 m3/yr). We simulated release scenarios of excess Lake Nasser waters (53.5 × 109 m3) to proximal lowlands; preference was given to the scenario that recharged the aquifer through infiltration (74.3%) and minimized losses to evaporation (20.1%) and surface runoff (5.6%). Findings serve as an example of adaptations that replace catastrophic consequences of climate change with beneficial and sustainable development opportunities.
Spectroscopic characterization and reactivity studies of a copper(ii) iminoxyl radical complex
Authors: Kaur Simarjeet , Das Avijit , Velasco Lucia , Sauvan Maxime , Bera Moumita , Ugale Ashok , Charisiadis Asterios , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Paria Sayantan
Published: July 2024

A CuII complex and its one-electron oxidized analog were thoroughly characterized. The oxidized compound was found to be a CuII iminoxyl radical complex.
Hydrogen-atom-assisted processes on thioacetamide in para-H2 matrix – formation of thiol tautomers
Authors: Góbi Sándor , Keresztes Barbara , Schneiker Anita , Tarczay György
Published: July 2024

Thioacetamide isolated in the exotic para-H2 matrix environment has been exposed to H atoms, which induced thione–thiol tautomerization.
Deciphering the dynamic interfacial chemistry of calcium metal anodes
Authors: Lin Huijun , Meng Jiayi , Guo Weihua , Li Renjie , Yi Yuyang , Ma Yiyuan , Cheung Chi Fai , Aurbach Doron , Xu Zheng-Long
Published: July 2024

We unveil the formation and evolution of passivation layers on the surface of Ca metal anodes in a representative borate-based electrolyte. They show a beneficial role in activating the Ca metal and concurrently hindering its electrolyte corrosion.
High yield seedless synthesis of mini gold nanorods: partial silver decoupling allows effective nanorod elongation with tunable surface plasmon resonance beyond 1000 nm and CTAB-free functional coating for mTHPC conjugation
Authors: Rozenberg Mike , Bárta Matěj , Muzikansky Anya , Zysler Melina , Šišková Karolína , Mastai Yitzhak , Zitoun David
Published: July 2024

This work reports on the one-pot synthesis of mini (d < 10 nm) gold nanorods, their effective elongation via a partial silver decoupling method to achieve a longitudinal SPR of >1000 nm and CTAB-free functional coating with mTHPC conjugation.
Revealing the mechanism of VOx/Ti3AlC2 for the dehydrogenation of propane
Authors: Tao Shenghui , Luo Xu , Xu Shan
Published: July 2024

In propane oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, a L–H mechanism on VOx/Ti3AlC2 catalyst was proposed, where the surface reaction between propane and oxygen on oxygen vacancies with V species was the rate-determining step.
Visible-light-induced Fe(iii)-promoted reduction amidation of 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one
Authors: Wang Bosen , Li Hao , Liu Minmin , Lin Jiayi , Yang Chenglei , Zhao Zhongkai , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui
Published: July 2024

This method describes the iron-promoted amidation of dioxazolone under visible light to obtain aromatic/alkyl substituted amides.
Hybridization of short-range and long-range charge transfer boosts room-temperature phosphorescence performance
Authors: Li Tian-Miao , Hu Li-Yuan , Zou Xin , Wang Jun-Yi , Ni Sheng , Liu Lei , Xiao Xunwen , Luo Xu-Feng
Published: July 2024

At present, mainstream room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission relies on organic materials with long-range charge-transfer effects; therefore, exploring new forms of charge transfer to generate RTP is worth studying.
Effect of co-ligand number on the optoelectronic properties of first- and second-generation heteroleptic green emissive iridium(iii) complex-cored dendrimers
Authors: Koodalingam Manikandan , Jang Junhyuk , Gao Mile , Burn Paul L. , Kistemaker Jos C. M. , Puttock Emma V. , Shaw Paul E.
Published: July 2024

This study reports the optoelectronic and device properties of solution-processable green emissive phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex-cored light-emitting dendrimers composed of different generations and/or number of emissive dendronised ligands.
Hydrogen reduction of iron oxides in shaft furnaces
Authors: Nicolle Rémy
Published: July 2024

One strategy to decarbonize the ironmaking sector is the hydrogen direct reduction of iron oxides. However, unlike carbon, which is purely mine-derived, the production of hydrogen requires energy. The energy balance of the hydrogen direct reduction of iron oxides in shaft furnaces is presented in this paper. Since reduction is not isothermal as in a blast furnace, I have modified the Rist diagram to represent these circumstances. A two-zone model could be useful in predicting the top gas temperature and other furnace operating conditions; it has been used to specifically address two issues: the high top-gas temperature, which reduces the process’s heat efficiency, and the dense iron layers in the final reduction stage, which act as a barrier and cause only partial oxide reduction. Burden quality such as low temperature reducibility or high temperature properties is therefore a key factor for the overall efficiency of the process.
Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction: A Review
Authors: Podder Shreya , Khan Marium , Sink Zane , Verga Steven , Kurman Jonathan S. , Malsin Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is an established treatment modality for the management of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by severe emphysema and hyperinflation refractory to other therapies. BLVR aims to reduce hyperinflation and residual volume, thereby improving pulmonary function, symptom control, and quality of life. Multiple distinct devices and technologies, including endobronchial coils, thermal vapor ablation, bio-lung volume reduction, and airway bypass stenting, have been developed to achieve lung volume reduction with varying degrees of accessibility and evidence. The most promising BLVR treatment modality to date has been the placement of one-way endobronchial valves (EBVs), with more than 25,000 cases performed worldwide. Identifying symptomatic patients who would benefit from BLVR is challenging and can be time and resource intensive, and candidacy may be limited by physiologic parameters. Additional new technologies may be able to improve the identification and evaluation of candidates as well as increase the portion of evaluated patients who ultimately qualify for BLVR. In this review, we aim to provide historical context to BLVR, summarize the available evidence regarding its use, discuss potential complications, and provide readers with a clear guide to patient selection and referral for BLVR, with a focus on EBV placement. In addition, we will highlight potential future directions for the field.
Role of C-Reactive Protein, An Inflammatory Biomarker in The Development of Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment
Authors: Prasad Kailash
Published: July 2024

This article deals with the role of c-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of atherosclerosis and its treatment. CRP has a predictive value in ischemic heart disease, restenosis, coronary artery disease, aortic atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular disease. This article deals with the synthesis and mechanism of CRP-induced atherosclerosis and its treatment. CRP increases the formation of numerous atherogenic biomolecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6), cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, activated complement C5, monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and numerous growth factors [insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β]). ROS mildly oxidizes low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol to form minimally modified LDL which is further oxidized to form oxidized LDL. The above atherogenic biomolecules are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and has been described in detail in the text. This paper also deals with the treatment modalities for CRP-induced atherosclerosis which includes lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antioxidants, aspirin, antidiabetic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, regular physical activity, weight reduction, and stoppage of cigarette smoking. In conclusion, CRP induces atherosclerosis through increases in atherogenic biomolecules and the treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CRP-induced atherosclerosis.
Histopathological Study of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Special Reference to Expression of HER2/neu and Ki-67 Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Nisar Saiqa , Naskar Sukla , Biswas Saumitra
Published: July 2024

Introduction Gastric cancer has become the third leading cause of cancer deaths globally. It accounts for 5.7% of cancer around the world, with a rate of mortality around 8.2%. Evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu overexpression for targeted therapies is presently the mainstay of treatment in gastric cancer. High Ki-67 index expression in gastric cancer is an indicator of poor prognosis.

Objectives To study the prevalence of HER2/neu expression and Ki-67 index in various types, sites, grade, and stage of gastric adenocarcinoma and to determine the correlation between HER2/neu expression and Ki-67 index.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata from January 2019 to June 2020. Gastrectomy and endoscopic biopsy of gastric adenocarcinoma were studied for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (HER2/neu and Ki-67 index). Statistical analysis used: SPSS (version 21.0, IBM, Chicago, Illinois, United States) for windows software.

Results Among 54 cases, most of them were intestinal type, antral, moderately differentiated, stage III cases. HER2 expression and high Ki-67 index were observed in 28.0 and 40.75% cases, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was found in both HER2 expression and high Ki-67 index with location of the tumor and pathological nodal (pN) stage. A positive correlation was found between HER2/neu score and Ki-67 index (p = 0.007) (correlation coefficient = 0.4).

Conclusion A positive correlation was found between HER2/neu positivity and high Ki-67 index, both were associated with higher pathological tumor stage and pN stage. So, advanced cases may be considered for targeted therapy using trastuzumab.
Quantitative modeling of gate-tunable cavity exciton-polaritons in transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: B Iyer R. , Huynh W. , Luan Y. , Shinar R. , Shinar J. , Wang J. , Fei Z.
Published: July 2024

We performed a comprehensive real-space simulation study of propagative exciton-polaritons (EPs) of tungsten disulfide (WS2) inside a Fabry–Pérot cavity. Through our simulations, we were able to construct the dispersion relation and determine the propagation length (Lp) of EPs, both of which show sensitive dependence on the applied gate voltage. We found that Lp increases at higher gate voltages when excited at the exciton energy but shows opposite gate dependence at the trion energy. These observations are direct evidence of the coupling between the cavity mode with excitons and trions of WS2. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept device based on the tunable cavity EPs of WS2, which is promising for application as photonic transistors, modulators, or electrical-to-optical converters. Our work unveils the real-space transport properties of gate-tunable cavity EPs and paves the way for future applications of EPs in nanophotonic devices and circuits.
The cause and the evolution of “lens” structure for terahertz signals in hypersonic plasma sheaths
Authors: Peng Kunpeng , Yuan Kai , Mao Mingyang , Zhao Ziyang , Liu Pingsheng , Cheng Yuxin , Mao Ruiting
Published: July 2024

Reentry vehicles in near space used to suffer from communication blackout, which is led by the plasma sheath enveloping the whole reentry vehicle. Terahertz (THz) communication is believed to be a potential solution to mitigate the communication blackout effectively. Previous studies have investigated the attenuation characteristics of THz signals in plasma sheaths. However, the offset of THz signal transmission direction by the plasma sheath has rarely been a concern. In this study, the auto-evolution of the plasma sheath is taken into account. The consequent evolution of the refraction index distribution of the plasma sheath is investigated. It is found that the plasma sheath acts as a gradient index lens to the propagating THz signals. The lens structure keeps evolving due to the evolution of the plasma sheath itself. The main mechanism that dominates the evolution of the lens structure is the convection of electrons. By analyzing the offset of the transmission direction yielded by the lens structure, it is suggested that the onboard THz antenna could be installed close to the bottom of the vehicle in order to stabilize the transmission direction of THz signals in an evolving plasma sheath.
Entropy drives the ligand recognition in G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhou Pei , Shen Siyuan , Hu Qian , Tian Chenyu , Xia Anjie , Wang Yifei , Yang Zhiqian , Nan Jinshan , Zhou Yangli , Chen Shasha , Tian Xiaowen , Wu Chao , Lin Guifeng , Zhang Liting , Wang Kexin , Zheng Tao , Zou Jun , Yan Wei , Shao Zhenhua , Yang Shengyong
Published: July 2024

Achieving ligand subtype selectivity within highly homologous subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is critical yet challenging for GPCR drug discovery, primarily due to the unclear mechanism underlying ligand subtype selectivity, which hampers the rational design of subtype-selective ligands. Herein, we disclose an unusual molecular mechanism of entropy-driven ligand recognition in cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtypes, revealed through atomic-level molecular dynamics simulations, cryoelectron microscopy structure, and mutagenesis experiments. This mechanism is attributed to the distinct conformational dynamics of the receptor’s orthosteric pocket, leading to variations in ligand binding entropy and consequently, differential binding affinities, which culminate in specific ligand recognition. We experimentally validated this mechanism and leveraged it to design ligands with enhanced or ablated subtype selectivity. One such ligand demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and significant efficacy in rodent inflammatory analgesic models. More importantly, it is precisely due to the high subtype selectivity obtained based on this mechanism that this ligand does not show addictive properties in animal models. Our findings elucidate the unconventional role of entropy in CB receptor subtype selectivity and suggest a strategy for rational design of ligands to achieve entropy-driven subtype selectivity for many pharmaceutically important GPCRs.
Dietary supplementation of vitamin B1 prevents the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Authors: Shen Shuying , Liang Yi , Zhao Yuening , Hu Ziang , Huang Youling , Wu Yizheng , Liu Yufei , Fan Shunwu , Wang Qingqing , Xiao Peng
Published: July 2024

As the primary cause for chronic pain and disability in elderly individuals, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the fastest-growing diseases due to the aging world population. To date, the impact of microenvironmental changes on the pathogenesis of OA remains poorly understood, greatly hindering the development of effective therapeutic approaches against OA. In this study, we profiled the differential metabolites in the synovial fluid from OA patients and identified the downregulation of vitamin B1 (VB1) as a metabolic feature in the OA microenvironment. In a murine destabilization of medial meniscus-induced OA model, supplementation of VB1 significantly mitigated the symptoms of OA. Cytokine array analysis revealed that VB1 treatment remarkably reduced the production of a pro-OA factor—C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), in macrophages. Further evidence demonstrated that exogenous CCL2 counteracted the anti-OA function of VB1. Hence, our study unveils a unique biological function of VB1 and provides promising clues for the diet-based treatment of OA.
Mitochondrial-derived compartments are multilamellar domains that encase membrane cargo and cytosol
Authors: Wilson Zachary N. , West Matt , English Alyssa M. , Odorizzi Greg , Hughes Adam L.
Published: July 2024

Preserving the health of the mitochondrial network is critical to cell viability and longevity. To do so, mitochondria employ several membrane remodeling mechanisms, including the formation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) and compartments (MDCs) to selectively remove portions of the organelle. In contrast to well-characterized MDVs, the distinguishing features of MDC formation and composition remain unclear. Here, we used electron tomography to observe that MDCs form as large, multilamellar domains that generate concentric spherical compartments emerging from mitochondrial tubules at ER–mitochondria contact sites. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of MDC biogenesis revealed that mitochondrial membrane extensions repeatedly elongate, coalesce, and invaginate to form these compartments that encase multiple layers of membrane. As such, MDCs strongly sequester portions of the outer mitochondrial membrane, securing membrane cargo into a protected domain, while also enclosing cytosolic material within the MDC lumen. Collectively, our results provide a model for MDC formation and describe key features that distinguish MDCs from other previously identified mitochondrial structures and cargo-sorting domains.
Parameters identification and contact interaction control of redundant robot based on dynamic model
Authors: Li Yu , Bian Hao , Wang Liang
Published: July 2024

Human-redundant robot contact interaction control based on joint current is conducted. This is a sensorless control method. The key issues involved are dynamic parameters identification and interaction control strategy of robot. Firstly, kinematics model and linear dynamic model of robot are established and dynamic parameter matrix to be identified is obtained. Pattern search method is adopted to optimize motion trajectory of robot. Dynamic parameters is obtained by using least square method. The results indicate that the calculated current has a consistent trend with actual measured value, and the current error is small. In order to achieve independent control in null space, motion decoupling model of robot is established, and impedance control is applied to null space. When the force is applied to robot, based on impedance control and joint current changes, robot can move along the force direction, so the motion in null space can be controlled. Aiming at null space contact control during end force control task, comprehensive interaction control based on force sensor and joint current is conducted. The results show that robot can also move in compliance with human hand and achieve compliant interaction of null space when force is applied to the joint space.
Predictive modeling and optimization of Rockwell hardness of additively manufactured PEEK using RSM, ANFIS and RNN integrated with PSO
Authors: Borah Jyotisman , Chandrasekaran M
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between statistical and machine learning techniques and additive manufacturing, with a specific focus on predicting the Rockwell hardness of FDM-printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) components. These components have a significant impact on various industries, such as aerospace, biomedical, and automobile. The study analyzes the hardness by conducting experimental analysis of four process parameters, including infill density, layer height, printing speed, and infill pattern. The research utilizes Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to accurately predict the Rockwell hardness of the printed parts, with an average deviation of less than 5% from the experimental value. The study also investigates how hardness varies with FDM process parameters using contour and surface plots. Furthermore, the study utilizes RNN integrated with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize Rockwell hardness. This approach achieved a peak Rockwell hardness value of 66.89 RHN under conditions of 80% infill density, 0.1mm layer height, 25 mm sec−1 printing speed, and an octet infill pattern. Microstructural examinations and test results corroborate the findings derived from parametric analysis and optimization efforts.
A secure communication scheme based on generalized modified projective synchronization of a new 4-D fractional-order hyperchaotic system
Authors: Nabil Haneche , Tayeb Hamaizia
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the exploration of the chaotic behavior of a new 4-D fractional-order hyperchaotic system with five nonlinearities. The Adomian decomposition method is employed to solve the fractional-order hyperchaotic system. The stability of equilibrium points in this system is analyzed. Through bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, chaotic attractors, 0-1 test, C
0 complexity, and spectral entropy, the chaotic dynamics of the proposed system are investigated. Using these tools, we demonstrate the fractional-order system’s sensitivity to variation in both the derivative order and initial conditions. Moreover, a modified generalized projective synchronization is developed to implement chaos synchronization between two coupled fractional-order hyperchaotic systems. Furthermore, this work presents an application of synchronization scheme in secure communication. Numerical simulations were implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed secure communication scheme.
Stability of bright solitons in optical system supported by cubic and quintic nonlinearities with

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-symmetric quartic harmonic complex potential
Authors: Jaseera C P , Muhsina K Aysha , Thasneem A R
Published: July 2024

This work analyzed the existence and stability of optical waves in linear and nonlinear media with self-focusing cubic-quintic nonlinearity by way of interactions of nonlinearity, spatial diffraction, and parity-time (

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) symmetric complex potential defined by quartic harmonic real potential and Gaussian imaginary distribution. We demonstrated that the order of nonlinear function, the width and depth of the real potential, and the coefficient of diffraction modify the span of the complex potential parameter onto which

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-symmetry breakdown occurs. The region of stable

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-symmetry in the self-focusing medium improves as the order of the nonlinear function increases, as demonstrated by comparing the soliton solutions with cubic and quintic nonlinearities. We addressed the nonlinear evolution of the stable and unstable

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solitons under propagation. The linear stability of bright solitons is extensively studied and established the conditions for stable soliton for both

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−

symmetric and broken

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symmetric regions.
Moderate nitrogen enrichment increases CO2 sink strength in a coastal wetland
Authors: Qu Wendi , Han Guangxuan , Penuelas Josep , Wang Xiaoyue , Xie Baohua
Published: July 2024

Coastal wetlands remarkably influence terrestrial carbon (C) stock by serving as natural reservoirs for ‘blue carbon’. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment shapes the dynamics of soil and plant communities, consequently affecting the C balance and ecosystem functions. The impacts of various levels of N enrichment on CO2 sequestration in coastal wetlands, however, remain elusive. Here we conducted a long-term field study of N fertilization in a coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China, to investigate N effects on soil properties, indicators of plant dynamics, and fluxes of ecosystem CO2. The results indicated that moderate N enrichment (5 g N m−2 y−1) stimulated C fluxes with increases in gross primary productivity (+26.4%), ecosystem respiration (+23.3%), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE, +31.5%) relative to the control. High (10 g N m−2 y−1) and extreme (20 g N m−2 y−1) amounts of N enrichment, however, had relatively minor impacts on these CO2 fluxes. Overall, we observed a decrease in soil electrical conductivity (−24.6%) and increases in soil organic C (+25.2%) and microbial biomass C (+369.3%) for N enrichment. N enrichment also altered the composition of plant species, with a higher proportion of a local dominant species (Phragmites australis), and affected root biomass distribution, with more biomass near the soil surface. Structural equation modeling explained 65.2% of the variance of NEE and supported the assumption that N enrichment could alter the dynamics of soil properties and plant conditions and accelerate ecosystem CO2 sequestration. These findings have important implications for forecasting the C cycle with increasing N deposition in coastal wetlands, contributing to the projections of the global C budget.
Sustainability analysis using multi-dimensional scaling approach in Cilember Tourism Village, Bogor Regency
Authors: Ardiansyah I , Iskandar H , Krisnadi A R
Published: July 2024

Bogor Regency is renowned for its beautiful natural destinations and is known to have many Tourism Villages, with one of the most popular locations being Cilember Tourism Village located in the Cisarua district. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of Cilember Tourism Village in developing its tourism activities from economic, social, and ecological dimensions. The research method employed is quantitative descriptive, with data collection conducted through primary and secondary sources. The collected data is then analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with a Rap-Tourism approach, leveraging analysis, and Monte Carlo analysis. The analysis using Multidimensional Scaling with the Rap-Tourism approach, leverage analysis, and Monte Carlo analysis indicates the sustainability index of Cilember Tourism Village across the three dimensions using 21 indicators. The sustainability analysis results in an average score of 64.15 across the three dimensions, falling within the range of 50-74.9, indicating a moderate sustainable outcome.
Tourism village development for sustainable tourism in West Java-Indonesia (hexa helix tourism collaboration perspective)
Authors: Kartika T , Edison E , Maryani E
Published: July 2024

Tourism has a very important contribution to national development. West Java, one of the provinces in Indonesia has extraordinary tourism potential both natural, cultural, historical, and artificial. This study aims to analyze how stakeholders are involved in the Hexa Helix perspective (ABGCMT-Academician, Business, Government, Community, Media, and Tourist) in developing tourism that is sustainable in relation to the growth of tourism villages. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques include literature studies, observations, and interviews with stakeholders related to tourism. The results of the study show that the Hexa Helix approach which involves six sectors, namely the government, business, academics, community, media, and tourist sectors is very important in the development of sustainable tourism. The resulting strategic recommendations include the need for policies to increase community participation in the management of tourist villages, strengthening the role of each Hexa Helix sector through program integration that supports sustainable tourism village development, and the need for training programs to improve the quality of human resources in the tourism sector, especially in a tourism village.
Developing forest farmer groups as tourism managers (study case: Cisuren forest farmer groups in Tugu Utara Village, Puncak Bogor)
Authors: Saputra F , Kamilah K
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the innovative concept of harnessing the expertise and stewardship of forest farmer groups to manage tourism in forested areas, study case: Cisuren Forest Farmers Group in Curug Watugede. Through illustrative examples and in-depth analysis, it highlights the transformative impact of this initiative on both local communities and the preservation of forest ecosystems. This paper shows the steps in developing forest farmer group as tourism manager; such as 1) assessment planning, 2) capacity building and training, 3) infrastructure development, 4) marketing and promotion, 5) implementation, 6) monitoring and evaluation. This paper also discovers the challenges un developing forest farmer group as tourism manager; such as; 1) lack of financial resources, 2) limited technical experience, 3) seasonal visitor flow, 4) community resistance, and 5) slow initial growth. For each challenges, the solutions provided are external funding planning, capacity building programs development, diversify attractions, and transparent communications to the communities.
Hazard mapping in Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail, Mount Rinjani National Park
Authors: Jasthin R , Harini E K S , Primasatya R F
Published: July 2024

Visitors primarily prioritise safety and security while selecting a tourist site, such as Mount Rinjani National Park (3726 masl), which is known for its mountaineering activities. It is necessary to do a mapping of the possible hazard due to the fact that the earthquake in August 2018 caused significant changes to the landscape of the hiking trail. The objective of this study is to analyse and evaluate possible dangers and provide suggestions for managing risks on the Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail in Mount Rinjani National Park (MRNP). The data was gathered by field observations, interviews, and a review of relevant literature. The analysis of physical and biological hazard data is associated with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), while the analysis of human activity hazard data is associated with the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). The hazards present in the area include seismic events, mass movements, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, gorges, precipitous trails, cold temperatures, fog, wildlife encounters, plant-related dangers, and human activities. The hazards with the highest risk values include steep pathways (physical), tree roots (biological), and jogging (human). Preventing hazards is achieved by enhancing climbers’ and the public’s understanding of risks through outreach, education, and simulations, as well as by enhancing the quality and adding necessary infrastructure. The curative activity is implemented by establishing precise operational standards for managing accidents and transportation.