bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ECOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Pratiwi Rani Tania , Disman Disman , Supriatna Nana , Wiyanarti Erlina , Agustira Deden
Published: March 2020

In December 2018, Kuningan University launched the Green Campus. The eco - campus program is motivated by, among others, that the campus environment is expecting to be a comfortable, clean, shady (green), beautiful, and healthy place to gain knowledge. The campus environment as an inseparable part of the urban ecosystem is not insignificant in its role and contribution to increasing or reducing global warming. Besides that, what is also important is how the campus community can implement Environmental Science and Technology in a Real Field. Therefore the Eco-Campus program is aimed at increasing the awareness and concern of the campus community as a collection of scientific societies to participate and be responsible for reducing Global Warming. However, er, of all these issues, the most important thing is how we can apply the concept in our daily behavior better known as green behavior, then how this behavior can be transmitted and taught in the context of education. Sometimes we think too hard about behaviors like what can say green behavior
Becoming animal: Children's physical play and dance improvisation as transformative activities that generate novel meanings
Authors: Hermans Carolien
Published: March 2020

This article addresses the transformative potential of children's physical play and dance improvisation. Using the enactive approach as a theoretical framework, it is argued that play and dance improvisation trigger novel sense-making capabilities by a deep engagement with the environment. Both activities give rise to transformative forces, ways of becoming that create openings and passages through which one re-engages and re-connects with the environment. This article combines theoretical reflection with artistic practice. By intermingling the thinking with the doing, I hope to gain embodied insights in underlying mechanisms of both play and dance improvisation. First, I discuss the concept of transformation. Then I explore how the enactive approach can be helpful in understanding the emergence of new values and meanings in both play and dance improvisation through dynamic coupling. From here I move to my artistic practice. I present an auto-ethnographic research that consists of two events. The first event is a spontaneous play event of my 12-year-old daughter that serves as an entrance point to examine animal becomings as transformative forces. The second event is an improvised dance solo, in which I re-enact the animal becomings of my daughter. The aim is to grasp, in a corporeal sense, the transformative forces that are at work here.
All fathers are fictional
Authors: Poynor Helen
Published: March 2020

A practitioner's reflections on the personal and artistic journey undertaken in the creation and performance of These are not my Father's Shoes, an autobiographical performance inspired by the author's relationship with her father. Both the Halprin Life/Art Process and the RSVP cycles are referenced as part of the working process.
In Chancery: The Genesis of Micro Caseflow Management
Authors: Reynolds Michael
Published: March 2020

This article explores an early example of subordinate judicial practice in England and Wales in which we may see some issues that later appear in the relationship between informal justice initiatives (especially alternative dispute resolution) and the civil justice system. Broadly speaking, the paper looks first at the symptoms of systemic failure in the pre-1873 system which led to the creation of the Official Referee’s office. It then considers the relevant recommendations of the Judicature Commissioners and the reasoning behind such recommendation, looking at both the macro- and the micro-levels, before exploring the referees’ diverse jurisdiction which provided a creative foundation for the evolution of interlocutory innovation. The article argues that structural realignment of the court system by the Judicature Commissioners was not sufficient in itself to eradicate all its encumbrances, but it indirectly empowered the referees to eventually bring about revolutionary procedural changes.
The EU Response to the 2015 Refugee Flows: A Missed Opportunity to Use the Temporary Protection Directive?
Authors: Krayem Lara
Published: March 2020

Following the mass influx of people in Europe after 2011 and the Arab Spring uprisings, Europe has been admitting refugees into its borders predominantly under the Dublin III Regulation. However, Dublin III was never intended to be an emergency tool for asylum seekers, but became one as most entries take place through irregular routes.

Europe received around 1.3 million asylum seekers in 2015 which is the highest number of asylum applications in its history. Questions are raised as to why Europe refrained from using the Temporary Protection Directive which serves exactly the purpose of establishing minimum standards for giving temporary protection and promoting a balance of efforts between Members States when receiving displaced persons. This Directive arguably provides a solution for the burden sharing issues that Europe has been facing which cause the rise of nationalism in many border States such as Italy and Greece as they are the main hosts of asylum seekers.

Europe has also been entering into questionable agreements such as the EU-Turkey deal that does not necessarily comply with International Humanitarian Laws or jus cogens principles such as non-refoulement. Europe’s avoidance of the use of the Temporary Protection Directive raises a lot of questions. It brings to the surface the politics that surround the asylum process of the European Union and sheds light on the growing need of the EU to close its borders and avoid offering protection to people in need. This notion of border strengthening controls seems to be growing. As a result, the Union continues to use questionable agreements and the implementation of the Dublin III Regulation as an emergency measure instead of using the Temporary Protection Directive to promote fair sharing and solidarity.

This article will examine the reasons behind the non-implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive to demonstrate that Europe does not wish to assist asylum seekers but keep them out of its territory. Moreover, this article supports that the mass influx of asylum seekers during the Arab-Spring uprisings was a missed opportunity to activate the Directive that has now become obsolete as it is unlikely to ever be activated.
EIGENVALUES EVALUATION OF GENERALLY DAMPED ELASTIC DISC BRAKE MODEL LOADED WITH NON-CONSERVATIVE FRICTION FORCE
Authors: Úradníček Juraj , Musil Miloš , Bachratý Michal
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the evaluation of eigenvalues of a linear damped elastic two-degrees-of-freedom system under a non- onservative loading. As a physical interpretation of a proposed mathematical model, a simplified disk brake model is considered. A spectral analysis is performed to predict an eigenvalues bifurcation, known as the Krein collision, leading to double eigenvalues, one of them having a positive real part causing a vibration instability of the mechanical systems. This defective behaviour of eigenvalues is studied with respect to a magnitude of non-conservative Coulomb friction force, through the variation of the friction coefficient. The influence of a proportional versus general damping on the system stability is further analysed. The generalized non-symmetric eigenvalue problem calculation is employed for spectral analyses, while a modal decomposition is performed to obtain a time-domain response of the system. The analyses are compared with an experiment.
Representações sociais sobre a escola e seu impacto na constituição identitária de licenciandos em Química
Authors: Miranda Camila Lima , Placco Vera Maria Nigro de Souza , Rezende Daisy de Brito
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou, por meio do diálogo entre duas teorias: a das representações sociais e da identidade profissional de Claude Dubar, investigar as representações sociais (RS) sobre escola e sua influência na constituição da identidade profissional de licenciandos em Química egressos do sistema público de ensino. A partir da análise das entrevistas foi possível depreender que o compartilhar de RS acerca de um objeto não implica, necessariamente, em modos singulares de atuação. Os jovens, embora compartilhem uma RS do professor atuante nesse sistema de ensino como um profissional com uma formação deficiente, a qual conduz a uma atuação em sala de aula de baixa qualidade, agem de modo antagônico. Atuar como professor na rede pública de ensino pode implicar, para uns, assumir essa atribuição de baixa qualidade, enquanto, para outros, vincula-se à possibilidade de atuar de modo oposto àquele retratado nesta RS.
O perfil e a formação docente no curso de licenciatura em Geografia em uma universidade pública do Paraná
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli , Araújo Roberta Negrão de , Silva Andreia Virginia da
Published: March 2020

A presente pesquisa é resultado de um estudo exploratório acerca de um curso de Licenciatura em Geografia ofertado em uma universidade pública do Estado do Paraná. Objetivou compreender o perfil e a formação dos acadêmicos do referido curso. Foi desenvolvida pesquisa de revisão tendo referências que abordam a formação de professores. Na sequência, foi elaborado  instrumento de coleta de dados, bem como a aplicação deste junto aos acadêmicos. Como objetivos específicos foram propostos: (1) debater a formação docente e a ciência geográfica; (2) entender o curso de Geografia investigado e o perfil dos acadêmicos; (3) compreender a formação em Geografia e as perspectivas acadêmicas dos futuros professores. Entre os principais resultados, os respondentes apontam a necessidade de uma formação acadêmica voltada, de fato, para a docência, pois consideraram os desafios em se estar em sala de aula e a ausência de uma formação que os prepare para isso.
PUNCH TEST FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF FRACTURE ENERGY ON CONCRETE MIXED TO NATURAL PLANT FIBERS
Authors: Anania Laura , D'Agata Guiseppe
Published: March 2020

Ductility of a material that collapses because of the propagation of cracks depends on elastic properties of the material, on the fracture energy as well as on the structural dimensions. In this paper, we discuss the use of the punch tests for the assessment of both the tensile strength and the fracture energy of cylindrical concrete specimens with different volume content of natural fibers derived from a very common plant of Sicily (agave). For the validation of the experimental results a numerical simulation of the test was also carried out a FEA using models in which tensile strength and fracture energy value, obtained by punch test, are an input of the material so that the failure load P can be obtained. A good accordance between numerical and experimental data permits us to support the use of the Punch Test (PT) as a more attractive testing method for the evaluation of the mechanical proprieties of the materials. PT, in fact, is much simpler to perform than the split cylinder test method. Besides, the study shows the improvement of the post cracking behavior of concrete element reinforced by the use of natural and renewable fiber.
YIELD STRESS BASED ON NATURAL STRAIN THEORY UNDER CYCLIC TENSILE-COMPRESSIVE LOADING AFTER LARGE UNIAXIAL TENSION
Authors: Kato Yasuyuki
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the yield behavior under a large deformation based on the Natural Strain theory. In this study, using the test pieces made from high purity tough pitch copper, the experiments for cyclic loading of tension and compression are carried out after applying the large uniaxial tension. As a method for determining the yield stress in each cycle, the slope of the tangent at yielding in the deviatoric stress-deviatoric strain curve is used instead of the conventional proof stress. In order to reveal the change of yield stress in cyclic loads after applying large pre-deformations, the experiments are conducted with the different sizes of pre-deformation and the different strain amplitudes. Moreover, the yield behavior under cyclic loads is revealed by comparing with the results from conventional proof stress.
PUBLIC NON-CONSULTATION RELATED DELAYS IN DELIVERY OF MEGA PROJECTS
Authors: Khatleli Nthatisi
Published: March 2020

Since 1994 the post-Apartheid new dispensation introduced policies that sought to affect equity in all spheres of life, Mega Projects have become indispensable as their sheer size could have an immediate impact on the intended beneficiaries. However the widespread public protestations and rolling juristic disputations are the objective of this study to assess their impact on the projects' implementation. The two biggest Mega projects in the energy sector, Medupi power station and Kusile power stations are used as case studies to assess the delays caused by the endemic protests in the country. Interviews were held with, local communities, top government officials and professionals involved in the implementation of these projects. It was observed that most of these projects are hastily implemented with abnormally heavy pressure from the authorities in order to avoid political embarrassment. The rushed implementation leads to superficial public consultation which results in a lack of psychological contract with the local communities. Some of these protests could be attributed to downtime, picketing, intimidation of workers, sabotage and general disruptions in order to demonstrate disaffection with the implementation of the projects. If consultation could be all-encompassing, meaningful and target critical stakeholders much better improved project delivery could be achieved.
MEASURING CRACK WIDTH IN RC AND R/FRC TIES THROUGHT LASER SCANNER
Authors: Critelli Nicola , Cesetti Alessandro , Fantilli Alessandro P. , Tondolo Francesco
Published: March 2020

Durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structure is strictly connected to the capacity of concrete mass to protect the embedded reinforcement from corrosion. As cracks are almost inevitable, crack width is a fundamental parameter that needs to be controlled during the serviceability stage of RC members. In fact, not only the direct ingress of aggressive agents, such as oxygen and water, is a function of crack width, but also concrete carbonation and the chloride ion penetration are accelerated by the presence of wide cracks. Accordingly, the aim of present research project is to assess the width by using a new system, based on the optical conoscopic holography. It provides the non-contact measure of crack profile, taken at the end of each loading cycle, in ties subjected to sets of repeated loads. Both in plain and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), more than one crack width can be measured for the same crack.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNICAL CONCEPTS IN HIGHWAY PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS
Authors: Minchin R. Edward , Choksi Parth , Konrath Linda , Scott Sid , Zhang Yuanxin
Published: March 2020

Department of Transportation (DOT) budgets are being stretched to the limits, while the infrastructure needs of the nation continue to grow. To address this issue, a few DOTs have adopted strategies that promote innovation and motivate industry to propose cost or time saving ideas. The advent of the Design Build (D-B) and General-Contractor-as-Construction-Manager (CM/GC) project delivery methods in highway and bridge construction has established the early involvement of the contractor in the design phase of a project. The next step on this evolution may be Alternative Technical Concepts (ATCs). The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has defined an ATC as “a request by a proposer to modify a contract requirement, specifically for that proposer’s use in gaining competitive benefit during the bidding or proposal process and must provide a solution that is equal to or better than the owner’s base design requirements in the invitation for bid (for a design-bid-build project) or request for proposal (for a D-B project) document”. ATCs have been reported to improve constructability, enhance innovation, and ultimately save costs. Issues with ATC use includes: time and resource constraints, confidentiality concerns, submittal issues, and difficulties in conducting fair “apples to apples” evaluations. This paper will report the findings of the research team as it goes through the early stages of identifying best practices for the FHWA to bring uniformity to the ATC process.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF FIRE PROTECTED DOUBLE CFT COLUMN SUBJECTED TO FIRE LOAD
Authors: Chung Kyung Soo , Lee Jae Sung , Song Jong Eun , Kim Woo Chul , Kim Heung Youl , Choi Jong Moon
Published: March 2020

New concrete filled double-tube (CFDT) sections consist of an inner and outer tube with fire protection mortar (FPM) filling the cavity between them and the inner tube also filled with concrete or not. An investigation into the fire performance of CFDT during the standard fire test is reported. Six full size FPM filled CFDT columns were designed for the fire tests. Detail failure modes of overall specimens and each component in the columns as well as temperature, deformation and fire endurance were presented. It showed that the fire resistance in the CFDT columns is significantly higher than that in concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns. Investigation into the fire performance of the columns reveals possible solutions to improve the fire resistance of CFT members.
A METHOD FOR STATIC ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO IN-PLANE LOADS
Authors: Nguyen Lai Tuong , Phung Thang Ba
Published: March 2020

Present cable theory which formulated from force balance equation of single cable under self-weight and forms a catenary shape of deflection, that is nonlinear; therefore to determine displacement, deformation and tension forces of the cable and cable-stayed structures we need to provide some additional assumptions of cables and use iteration calculation. This paper presents a new method for static analysis of cable-stayed structures subjected to in-plane loading. By combination of the Gaussian Extreme Principle method and virtual displacement principle, authors to formulate and solve nonlinear equation system of cable-stayed structures, which ensured forces balancing as well as continuity of displacements and deformations of structures. This method allows for simultaneous determination of displacement, deformation and internal forces of cable-stayed structures without any other additional hypothesis, which is different from present cable theory.
NUMERICAL PARAMETRIC STUDIES FOR THERMOGRAPHIC INSPECTION IN CONCRETE
Authors: Rumbayan Rilya , Washer Glenn
Published: March 2020

Thermographic imaging technique provides a practical tool for the detection of subsurface delaminations in concrete from a distance without direct access to the surface. In the previous study, a numerical model to predict the thermal contrasts resulting from subsurface voids (i.e., delaminations) in concrete under a given set of environmental conditions was developed using the finite element method. The model was verified using the experimental test data, and the results indicated that the model could be an effective tool to support the thermography inspection of the concrete. In this present study, the use of the verified model to evaluate the effects of other key parameters expected to influence the detectability of the subsurface voids, such as the depth and thickness of a subsurface delamination. The effect of these parameters on the thermal contrast developed on the surface above a subsurface delamination was assessed under a specific set of environmental conditions. The results shown that the maximum thermal contrast decreased exponential by a constant multiple of 0.98 as the void depth increased and the maximum thermal contrast increased nonlinearly with increasing thickness of the void.
EVALUATIONS OF FLEXURAL CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT METHOD FOR RC PIERS AND CISS FOUNDATION CONNECTIONS IN BRIDGES
Authors: Kim Jung-Kyun , Lee Hak-Eun
Published: March 2020

Recently, cast-in-steel shell (CISS) pile has been used as the foundation of bridges and a pier is directly connected to the pile. In this case, plastic hinge is generally formed at the connection between the CISS pile and reinforced concrete pier. To increase the flexural capacity of such structure, a proper improvement method is necessary for the connection. In this study, a steel tube, a steel pipe that has 270mm diameter with 4.5mm thickness, has been used to enhance flexural capacity of the connection and the effect by the such method was evaluated through cyclic compression-bending test. From the test results, it can be found that the flexure capacity is considerably increased by applying the steel tube at the connection when it was compared to a general reinforced concrete (RC) pier with 10% larger diameter cross-section.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BATTENED BUILT-UP COLUMNS AND FRAMES ABOUT BUCKLING – BUCKLING STRENGTH BY BLEICH
Authors: Cui Gang , Kido Masae , Tsuda Keigo , Nakano Hideyuki
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between battened built-up columns and frames about buckling. The buckling strengths, buckling modes and bending moment of one bay - n stories frame with rigid beams are calculated by the energy method. The results are compared with those of obtained by the Bleich's formula and correct solutions. Although the buckling strengths by Bleich agree fairly well with the correct values, it is shown that the strengths obtained by Bleich formula are neither the upper bound nor the lower bound. And buckling strengths calculated by the energy method estimate the correct strength within 5% error when the value of stories n is more than 2. Moreover, Bleich's moment distributions correspond to those of obtained by the energy method.
USING STATISTICAL MODELS BASED ON HISTORICAL PROJECT DATA TO ESTIMATE DURATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
Authors: Nevett Guillermo , Alleman Douglas , Goodrum Paul
Published: March 2020

Estimating the duration of highway transportation projects accurately has always been a challenge for State Transportation Agencies (STAs) in the United States (US) due to the differences in projects’ location, scope, nature, size, and goals. Inaccurate estimates of project durations by STAs can lead to a lack of commitment from contractors, not needing to invest their maximum effort to fulfill a project’s scope. STAs have used a variety of methods to estimate and set contract time, mainly relying on historical production rates in tandem with activity precedent logic programs. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet has recently attempted to develop a statistical model which estimates contract times by using parametric modeling and historic contracting times with success. This paper attempts to build upon their findings, regressing historical data from Montana Department of Transportation projects using bid tabulations, engineers’ estimates, location, and type of project, among other factors as inputs. The model presented is still under development and is expected to increase in accuracy as it reaches its final state.
SLIP COEFFICIENT OF BOLTED SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS
Authors: Chen Cheng-Chih , Hsieh Tsung-Cheng
Published: March 2020

The design philosophy of slip-critical connections is to utilize the friction force developed through the clamping force exerted by the pretension of the high-strength bolt. Therefore, the slip-critical connections can have resistance in the direction of the bolt shear. This resistance is affected by the bolt clamping force and slip coefficient on the faying surfaces. This research aims to increase the resistance of the slip-critical connections. Increasing the resistance of the slip-critical connections can be achieved by increasing either the clamping force or the slip coefficient. Thermal spray coating technology was used to increase the slip coefficient. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of coated material (aluminum or aluminum-magnesium) and coating thickness. Compared to the blast-cleaned faying surface, thermal sprayed coating faying surface results in a greater slip coefficient.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FILLED SQUARE STEEL TUBULAR BEAM-COLUMNS
Authors: Haraguchi Masayuki , Kido Masae , Tsuda Keigo
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the ultimate strength of CFT columns. The range of the axial load ratio and the slenderness ratio in which CFT beam-columns reach the full plastic moment are examined on the basis of the strength formulas specified by AIJ Recommendation for Limit State Design of Steel Structures. The CFT columns are subjected to the constant axial compressive force and the monotonic moment at the one end, as the analytical parameters the axial load ratio and slenderness ratio are selected. The analysis is carried out by the shooting method. Bending moment-rotational angle relationships are calculated by the shooting method and the maximum strengths of CFT columns are obtained. When the value obtained by multiplying the axial load ratio and the second power of the slenderness ratio is 0.05, the maximum strength reach 95% of the full plastic moment under the condition that the axial load ratio value is less than or equal to 0.75. When the value obtained by multiplying the axial load ratio and the second power of the slenderness ratio is 0.1, the maximum strength reach 95% of the full plastic moment under the condition that the axial load ratio value is less than or equal to 0.5.
HEAVYLIFTING OPERATIONS FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF THE ARCH OF BRIDGE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Marti Juan J. , Saenz Alvaro , Martínez Javier , Salamanca Jose L. , Salamanca Salvador
Published: March 2020

One of the main requirements for the Walterdale Bridge Replacement in Edmonton was to minimize the impact on the river during the construction. This was a big challenge, as the use of ordinary construction methods such as falseworks and cranes was almost impossible. Furthermore, the river was not navigable. Consequently, all water equipment used, such us barges, had to be modularized, land transported and assembled directly on site, limiting the capacity. Then, it was decided to split the construction of the arch in different stages, performing several special heavylifting activities. Firstly, a partial arch (the central part), weighing 1,000 metric ton was manufactured on a riverbank. After that, it was skidded and loaded-out onto two modular barges, which moved the segment to the area between the abutments. By means of two towers specifically assembled, which included four strand jacks, the arch was then partially lifted and connected to additional sections of the arch, creating a new 1,800 T and 146-m long arch. Following this, the new arch was also lifted to its final position, in a similar way. This paper describes all the special heavylifting operations and the equipment used to assemble the arch of the bridge, facing with severe weather conditions, such as temperatures down to-20ºC and a river partially frozen.
UTILIZATION OF STEEL FIBERS IN DIAGONALLY REINFORCED CONCRETE COUPLING BEAMS AS ADDITIONAL TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENTS
Authors: Yun Hyun-Do , Jang Seok-Joon , Kim Sun-Woo , Park Wan-Shin
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using hooked-end steel fibers as additional transverse reinforcements such as cross ties and leg bars for diagonally reinforced concrete (DRC) coupling beams aligned vertically over coupled special structural walls. Three 1/3-scale short beams were made and tested under cyclic shear in a double curvature condition. All specimens have the same reinforcement configuration except for transverse reinforcing details and the clear span length-to-section depth ratio (lnh) of 2.0. Reinforced concrete (RC) coupling beam (RC-CB) was designed with full confinement of diagonally reinforced concrete beam section based on the seismic design provisions of the ACI 318-14 Code. To improve the constructability without sacrificing strength and ductility, the fiber contents in the FRC0.75-CB and FRC1.50-CB specimens replacing additional transverse bars with steel fibers were 0.75% and 1.50% at volume fraction, respectively. Test results revealed that additional transverse reinforcement in the diagonally reinforced coupling beams have a significant effect on the cracking and structural behaviors. For diagonally reinforced coupling beams with only hoops and without crossties and legs of hoop, the addition of steel fiber at volume fraction of more than 0.75% to concrete provides equal cracking and structural behaviors as compared to those of diagonally reinforced coupling beam with full confinement details.
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SIX-STORY FABRICATED STEEL FRAMES UNDER PSEUDO-DYNAMIC TESTING
Authors: Zhenggang Cao , Zongshuai Wan , Han Liu , Peng Du , Feng Fan
Published: March 2020

In order to study the seismic behaviors of fabricated steel frames with bolted beam-height adjustable steel beam-to-column connections (BHA connections), a six-story steel frame was designed to run pseudo-dynamic experiments. Experiments were first carried out with the steel frames with and without buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) under three different types of seismic records under 35 gal and 70 gal. Then the seismic records of EL_CENTRO amplified from 220 gal to 1,600 gal were loaded on the braced frame. Results showed that there was no detachment, sliding, or yielding detected in BHA connections. After BRBs were installed, the story drift and the top-story maximum displacement could easily meet the codes, and the structure was still working in the elastic stage under 620 gal. It could therefore be concluded that BHA connections have excellent seismic performance and they are suitable for application in fabricated steel frames. The braced frame using BHA connections has good lateral stiffness and energy dissipation capacity.
EFFECT OF SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF WOODEN BUILDING AS DETERMINED WITH MICRO-TREMOR MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Miyamoto Mitsuhiro , Tominaga Yoshiaki
Published: March 2020

In Japan, it is important to be able to determine the factors affecting changes in the vibration characteristics of wooden buildings resulting from their seismic strengthening, so as to ensure their seismic resilience. This study set out to determine the effect of seismic strengthening on the vibration characteristics of a wooden building and to clarify the factors affecting the changes in the vibration characteristics based on micro-tremor measurements. The results of the micro-tremor measurements were compared with the results of a seismic diagnosis. The main findings were as follows; 1) The installation of seismic strengthening increases the natural frequency. 2) The amplitude of the structure plane in which the steel columns and structural plywood were installed was reduced. 3) The results of micro-tremor measurements and a seismic diagnosis exhibited the same tendency regarding the effects of seismic strengthening.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL PAVEMENT BASES: STATIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Huang Li-Jeng , Wang Her-Yung , Huang Wen-Ling , Lin Ming-Chao
Published: March 2020

This paper presents static analysis of pavement bases constructed using sustainable material, a controlled low-strength material (CLSM), using finite element method (FEM). The CLSM concrete is introduced as pavement bases for its special features of easy compaction, high workability and relatively low cost. Rut-resistant stone matrix asphalt is placed on top of CLSM as wearing surface layer. The Young's moduli of CLSM are obtained from laboratory tests for two different binder mixtures, marked as CLSM-B80/30% and CLSM-B130/30%. Two-dimensional planar strain assumption is employed in the FE formulation of static analysis of the domain with 4-layered flexible pavement with different base materials. Longitudinal and transverse cross sections of pavements are analyzed using 720 rectangular Q4 elements. Emphasis is put on the settlement at the top surfaces of each layer as well as horizontal and vertical stresses induced by concentrated axle loads or uniform lane loads in longitudinal cross section and concentrated wheel loads in the transverse cross section using different materials for base layers. Numerical results show that the settlement and lateral pressure of CLSM bases are acceptable to assure the applicability of CLSM as a suitable sustainable material employed for pavement bases design and construction.
THE STUDY OF DEGRADATION CONDITION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL
Authors: Liao Chu-Tsen , Chen Kuang-Jou , Hsiao Jen-Chun , Wu Po-Jui , Fu You-Zhen
Published: March 2020

In recent years in Taiwan, some pedestrians were injured by falling external wall tiles. Exterior wall tile fell down for the temperature or other effects of seismic forces, becoming a potential public safety crisis. Office of Building Administration of Taoyuan City Government started inspecting high-rise buildings, which were over eleven stories and constructed before 1995 in Taoyuan city from 2015 to 2016. This study is a contract research. We inspected 298 high-rise buildings’ external wall tiles in Taoyuan City for city government. In this study, we classified the risk of buildings from Level A to E. D and E, which were regarded as the dangerous buildings and in need of repair immediately. D and E accounted for 41.6% percent of total buildings. We also concluded the data in the viewpoints of building age, story, exterior material, direction, and district. The authors hope the conclusion of this study could be submitted as reference material of inspection system, as well as give a significant suggestion to the periodic inspection approach in the future.
STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Al-Khafaji Amir , Guha Seshadri , Al-Khafaji Laith
Published: March 2020

The Peoria Sustainability Commission (PSC) was formed in late 2008 with the mission “to transform Peoria into a community that promotes social equity, green economy, and a healthy environment.” Planning for sustainable development in Peoria required a strategic assessment and analysis of the prior work of similar commissions and interests of various stakeholders. Multiple meetings of diverse sets of stakeholders were held to identify critical issues, gaps, barriers, and drivers of success, and to coalesce around central themes to formulate key strategies for sustainable development in Peoria. These meetings revealed that a lack of focus and interdependencies between initiatives led to fragmentation and limited the opportunities for success. For example, the competition for school districts with higher-quality education led to increased sprawl and migration of population from downtown areas to the suburbs. The concomitant shrinking of the urban tax base in turn reduced the resources available for investment and improvement, resulting in a potential downward spiral in many cities, including Peoria. The long-term strategy of the PSC to address critical issues, barriers, drivers of success, and develop key strategies for the Peoria region is presented here.
COLLABORATIVE CONTRACT WITH BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING: COMPARISON BETWEEN USA AND EUROPEAN APPROACH
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Villa Valentina , Giana Paolo Ettore
Published: March 2020

At present, contracts are evolving to a collaborative form such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) or Multiparty agreements. Some states are using this new way of interaction to reduce fragmentation and self-interest of the AEC sector component. The construction sector’s productivity index is the same in the last decreased, on the contrary the one of the mechanic industry increased. Collaborative contracts are the way to improve the sector profitability. Its aim is to enable and develop collaboration between the owner, the designer and the constructors. New technologies evolution imposed a change in the contract type. A comparison between USA type and UK type is presented. This one is becoming a new standard for European contract. This new standard has proven to have demonstrated to generate an increase in productivity and a decrease in waste of time in the design, in construction and in operational phases. The changing of key participant’s scope from an individualist perspective to a collaborative one, it allow achieving the building quality. The project requirement is the necessity to better satisfy the owner needs, to clearly identify the contractual and extra-contractual responsibilities of individual operators. These are the reasons why Building Information Model and collaborative contracts are conceived to work on the same project.
A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS APPROACH TO IMPROVE INTEROPERABILITY FOR THERMAL ENERGY SIMULATIONS
Authors: Ou Yaowen , Harmanci Yunus Emre , Chen Qian , Garcia de Soto Borja , Ntertimanis Vasileios , Chatzi Eleni
Published: March 2020

Information exchange between architectural design models and Thermal Energy Simulation (TES) tools still suffers from interoperability problems. The main challenge is to robustly translate the geometrical information required for TES. The current practice involves a cumbersome and iterative manual correction of the model between the architect and the engineer, which is prone to human errors. Interpreting the geometry solely based on the IFC file is not a trivial process due to its complex nature, in which different attributes are cross-linked to each other. To address this issue, an approach based on the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is proposed, which aims to provide straightforward readability of geometrical information as well as a reliable and flexible thermal simulation. To demonstrate this approach, an IFC model of a residential building was transferred to a commercial FEA software and thermal analysis was conducted. Interoperability problems regarding robust transfer of geometrical information were not encountered and the process was deemed to be efficient. FEA also revealed another strength by providing thermal analysis of individual components of the structure. This can be employed in the early design stage by rapid prototyping of different components (e.g., geometry, thermal properties) and their role on the thermal performance of the whole structure. Results are presented by comparing the proposed approach with the current practice and the potential advantages are highlighted.
FORECASTING CONCEPTUAL COSTS OF BRIDGE PROJECTS USING NON-PARAMETRIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhang Yuanxin , Minchin R. Edward
Published: March 2020

The cost of bridge construction is influenced by numerous internal and external factors, making it very difficult to approximate. Years prior to a bridge project letting, state highway agencies (SHAs) must set a reliable budget for the proposed project, but the information available to them is very limited. Developing reliable cost estimates for bridge projects during the early pre-construction phases is very important and challenging for SHAs. This study employed a non-parametric regression analysis technique—multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)—to model the conceptual cost of bridge projects. This novel approach does not require detailed construction documents and does not require strict assumptions to be valid for the developed model or to be reliable for the model predictions. MARS was applied to the empirical data gathered from a Florida Department of Transportation database. The 10-fold cross-validation method was employed in this study to assess model performance. The criteria to gauge overall model fit, generalizability, and prediction error were evaluated. The results revealed that the developed model consistently performed well, based on Cross-Validated R-square (CVRSq), Generalized Cross-Validation (GSV), Generalized R-square (GRSq), and max error.
LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses about the importance of practical experience and multidisciplinary collaboration in project management success and the apparent lack of emphasis placed on this within the context of university education. It introduces a multidisciplinary approach currently being implemented in the College of Engineering in Qatar University between the departments of Architecture and Urban Planning and Industrial and Systems Engineering. The research items cover specific areas of collaboration and leadership in project management and the collected data was then analyzed to compare Architecture and Engineering students in their approach to the multidisciplinary project and in the proper application of managerial tools for planning scope, time, cost and risk managements through integration, technology and communication. The paper provides strategies of effective practices applied for embedding enterprise and employability in higher education, in respect to the specific project experiences that are mandatory for each project manager. The students’ outcomes demonstrate their ability to recognize the dialectic relationship between project management and the multidisciplinary approach to recognize the diversity of roles, needs, values, tools, as they relate their experience to the current environment for project management in Qatar. In other words, the question is: can the multidisciplinary collaboration, applied in higher education, enhance the interaction between theory and practical experience in a field mainly dominated by the theoretical approaches of different disciplines?
RISK ALLOCATION MECHANISM FOR BUILDING PROJECTS BASED ON THE RIBA PLAN OF WORK
Authors: Tembo Chipozya , Khatleli Nthatisi
Published: March 2020

The Zambian construction industry, like many other construction industries in developing countries, is characterized with frequent project failure evidenced by quality shortfalls, cost overruns, time overruns and, on occasion, abandonment of projects. Various construction industries, particularly developed ones, have mechanisms in place to alleviate the aforementioned risks. Moreover, it has been reported that construction organizations in developing countries, approach risk management implied risk allocation in construction projects by using a set of practices that are normally insufficient, often produce poor results, and limit the success of project outcome. It is from this background that a risk allocation mechanism tailored to the Zambian building sector is proposed, based on the RIBA plan of work for new large to medium sized projects. Various mechanisms and processes are documented in the existing literature, all developed for particular jurisdictions, project types and modes of procurement. Though beneficial, the crafting of most of these mechanisms does not focus on curtailing sources of inappropriate risk allocation, but rather focuses on who, between the client and contractor, should be allocated a particular risk. This paper documents a mechanism for risk allocation after establishing the causes of risk misallocation through a questionnaire survey, interviews, and document analysis. The mechanism integrates contract practice and risk management to make it robust for alleviating both contractual and non-contractual risks. However, its utility, to an extent, is dependent on the risk perceptions of the user as it is driven by decision-making.
USE OF THE ALTERNATIVE TECHNICAL CONCEPTS IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
Authors: Touran Ali , Panah Firooz
Published: March 2020

The use of Alternative Technical Concepts (ATC) is becoming widespread in design-build transportation projects in the United States. According to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) ATC is a request by a proposer (usually in design-build projects) to modify a contract requirement for gaining competitive advantage over competition. The owner, usually a state department of transportation, requires that the ATC provide a better or at least equal solution to the owner’s design requirements. In Design-Build (DB) projects, the ATC is usually proposed by a proposer during the Request for Proposal (RFP) process and is considered in the evaluation and selection of the proposers in conjunction with the Best Value (BV) method of selection. In this paper, the authors have focused on two case studies involving ATC implementation and negotiations with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) highlighting advantages and disadvantages of using ATC in DB contracts. In each case, the nature of ATC and the approval process is discussed. In the first case, the approved ATCs provided the proposer with a clear advantage in winning a contract with the agency despite not being the low bidder. In the second case, the proposed and approved ATCs did not result in winning a contract despite being the low bidder.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE
Authors: Akalp Duygu , Ozbek Mehmet , Omur-Ozbek Pinar
Published: March 2020

Today's work-life dynamics have changed tremendously since the 1950s. Increased participation of women in the paid workforce has highly contributed to this prominent change; and since then, work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue for both employees and organizations. Given that construction is one of the most demanding industries, investigating work-life experiences of employees has been a focal point of researchers. However, there is not much literature on how younger generations, also known as “millennials”, perceive WLB before they get to start working in the industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate construction management students' perceptions on WLB. Additionally, the study will investigate the differences in students’ perceptions and future expectations considering their gender and enrollment years (levels). For this purpose, an online survey instrument was sent to 694 construction management students who were pursuing their undergraduate and graduate degrees at Colorado State University in 2015; and 61 responses were collected. Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal Wallis tests were conducted to identify whether there are statistically significant differences in students’ cognizance of WLB issues. Based on the results of the statistical tests, a statistically significant difference was found between the female and male students’ perception of early burnout in the construction industry. The results did not provide enough evidence to identify statistically significant differences between groups of students in different enrollment years.