bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal Weather-Related Carbon Monoxide Poisonings in the United States
Authors: Stevens Bailey R. , Ashley Walker S.
Published: January 2022

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause injury or death if inhaled. CO is a frequent secondary hazard induced by the aftereffects of natural hazards as individuals, families, and communities often seek alternative power sources for heating, cooking, lighting, and cleanup during the emergency and recovery phases of a disaster. These alternative power sources—such as portable generators, petroleum-based heaters, and vehicles—exhaust CO that can ultimately build to toxic levels in enclosed areas. Ever-increasing environmental and societal changes combined with an aging infrastructure are growing the odds of power failures during hazardous weather events, which, in turn, are increasing the likelihood of CO exposure, illness, and death. This study analyzed weather-related CO fatalities from 2000 to 2019 in the United States using death-certificate data, providing one of the longest assessments of this mortality. Results reveal that over 8300 CO fatalities occurred in the United States during the 20-yr study period, with 17% of those deaths affiliated with weather perils. Cool-season perils such as ice storms, snowstorms, and extreme cold were the leading hazards that led to situations causing CO fatalities. States in the Southeast and Northeast had the highest CO fatality rates, with winter having the greatest seasonal mortality. In general, these preventable CO poisoning influxes are related to a deficiency of knowledge on generator safety and the absence of working detectors and alarms in the enclosed locations where poisonings occur. Education and prevention programs that target the most vulnerable populations will help prevent future weather-related CO fatalities.

Significance Statement

Carbon monoxide exposure is common after weather disasters when individuals, families, and communities seek alternative power sources—such as portable generators, petroleum-based heaters, and vehicles—that exhaust this deadly, colorless, and odorless gas. Initially, we catalog carbon monoxide fatalities associated with weather events in the United States over two decades; thereafter, we illustrate the characteristics and patterns affiliated with these deaths. Results will assist public officials, first responders, and individuals in their decision-making and response before, during, and after weather events so that these deaths may be prevented in the future.
Low Pressure Low Frequency Jet Ventilation: Techniques, Safety and Complications
Authors: Myint Calvin W. , Teng Stephanie E. , Butler Jennifer J. , Griffeth Jacline V. , Fritz Mark A. , Meiler Steffen E. , Postma Gregory N.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Manual jet ventilation is a specialized oxygenation and ventilation technique that is not available in all facilities due to lack of technical familiarity and fear of complications. The objective is to review our center’s 15 year experience with low pressure low frequency jet ventilation (LPLFJV).

Methods:

Retrospective review of procedures utilizing LPLFJV from 2005 to 2019 were performed collecting patient demographic, surgery type and complications. Fisher exact test, Chi square, and t-test were used to determine statistical significance.

Results:

Four hundred fifty-seven patients underwent a total of 891 microlaryngeal surgeries—279 cases for voice disorders, 179 for lesions, and 433 for airway stenosis. The peak jet pressure for all cases did not exceed 20 psi and average peak pressure for the last 100 procedures in this case series was 14.9 ± 4.6 psi. The average lowest oxygen saturation for all cases was 95% ± 0.6%. Brief intubation was required in 154 cases (17%). Surgical duration was significantly longer for cases requiring intubation P < .001. The need for intubation was not associated with smoking or cardiopulmonary disease, but was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI). Intubation rates were 7% for normal weight (BMI < 25, N = 216), 13% for overweight (BMI 25-30, N = 282), 24% for obese (BMI 30-40, N = 342), and 37% for morbidly obese (BMI > 40, N = 52) patients. Three patients developed respiratory distress in the recovery unit and 2 patients required intubation.

Conclusion:

LPLFJV assisted by intermittent endotracheal intubation is an exceedingly safe and effective intraoperative oxygenation and ventilationmodality for a broad variety of laryngeal procedure.
Online Trolling: The Impact of Antisocial Online Content, Social Media Use, and Gender
Authors: Santos Isabella L. S. , Pimentel Carlos E. , Mariano Tailson E.
Published: January 2022

The present study aimed to observe the relationships between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content, frequency of social media use, and gender, using the GAM as a theoretical framework. Four hundred twenty-nine Brazilian internet users (mean = 25.07 years; SD = 7.59; EP = 0.36), most of whom were women (71.8%), participated in the survey. Bivariate correlations indicated a positive relationship between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), Facebook use (r = 0.21; p < 0.01), Twitter Use (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), and gender (r = 0.15; p < 0.01). An explanatory model including these variables was tested, and obtained a significant model fit (GFI = 0.99; Comparative Fit-Index = 0.99; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.97; Root Mean Square Residual = 0.02; RMSEA = 0.02 | CI = 0 .01–0.07 |). Were also observed indirect effects for exposure to antisocial online content through Twitter use and Facebook use on trolling (λ = 0.03; CI = 0.01–0.05; p < 0.05). It is possible to conclude that the research objectives were fulfilled, emphasizing the role of situational variables in the understanding of online trolling.
“Our flight suits are not just plain blue”: The co-production of coordination and bodies in a military air display squadron
Authors: Bouty Isabelle , Godé Cécile
Published: January 2022

While prior investigations of organizational coordination have mainly focused on cognitive processes, this article brings the physical and symbolic body more centrally into the phenomenon. Mobilizing the ‘strong’ practice programme, we explore how organizational coordination practice and bodies co-produce each other. Our study is an empirical qualitative analysis of Patrouille de France, a military air display squadron. By successively zooming in and out from pilots’ doings and sayings, we reveal three body-related threads (training, sensitizing and distinguishing) by which organizational coordination and bodies co-produce each other. We especially point to technical and physical capital, proprioception, kinaesthesia, embodied awareness of co-presence and the symbolic (re)presentation of bodies as embodied aspects of the actors’ habitus structured by and for coordination. Our findings have implications for our understanding of organizational coordination by showing that there is more to bodies in coordination than just embodied cognition or communication. They also further coordination literature by emphasizing that coordination practice includes organizationally structured bodywork aimed at enhancing bodies; bodywork that is not limited to learning the practice but crucial to maintaining actors in that practice.
The Importance of “Community” in the Process of Immigrant Assimilation
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joseph P.
Published: January 2022

L'auteur accepte la position que les relations exprimées dans le concept de “communauté” jouent un rôle décisif dans le processus de l'assimilation culturelle, en accordant a l'immigré une base de sécurité, de paix, et de satisfaction psychologique durant la période d'adaptation à la nouvelle société.

Il examine les concepts d'assimilation et de communauté comme ils sont acceptés dans les plus récentes études américaines, et il prouve l'utilité du concept de communauté dans l'analyse du processus de l'assimilation.

L'apport spécifique de l'article du Prof. Fitzpatrick consiste surtout à faire remarquer que le concept de communauté, dans le sens accepté actuellement, et la signification de la communauté dans le processus d'assimilation a encore besoin d'un plus grand éclaircissement pour rendre l'idée plus précise. Ainsi, son application aux études des communautés d'immigrés sera plus efficace.

L'auteur suggère spécialement que la ligne de démarcation de la communauté soit plus précisement identifiée, en employant quelques unes des plus récentes méthodes d'étude des différences culturelles; en outre, que les références géographiques soient indiquées et que les liens avec le reste de la communauté soient definis avec soin.
The Integration of Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Bernard William S.
Published: January 2022

L'expérience des Etats-Unis avec ses 43 millions d'immigrés est un important exemple historique du processus d'intégration, qui est la norme, car l'assimilation d'habitude se déroule sur deux à trois générations. Au début, on n'apporta aucune aide aux immigrés, ainsi ils devaient survivre ou périr a leur propres frais. Plus tard, le gouvernement fit une intervention indirecte en imposant des règlements sanitaires et moraux aux droits d'entrée, et les “contingentements de pays d'origine,” qui furent discontinués en 1965 à cause de distinctions prejudiciables. De nos jours, des agences libre, au moment de crise appuyées des corps gouvernementaux et inter-gouvernementaux, portent secours a l'installation des immigrés et des refugiés ainsi ouvrant une nouvelle période d'intégration-assistée.
West Indian Migration to Britain
Authors: Peach G. C. K.
Published: January 2022

Arrivée au debut de l'année 1964, l'émigration des Indes-Occidentales à la Grande retagne comptait environ 300,000 personnes. Après une analyse rigoureuse sur cette migration, l'auteur déduit que les chiffres donnent une preuve certaine que les Indiens-Occidentaux servaint de remplaçants dans le monde ouvrier. Il n'est pas dit que cette situation soit toujours telle et que tous les Indiens-Occidentaux ont été attirés comme remplaçants d'ouvriers introuvable de race blanche, mais que cette hypothèse décrit clairement les conditions générales de mouvement, de la distribution, et d'employ des Indiens-Occidentaux en Grande Bretagne et au Pays de Galles.

Bien que ce mouvement ait effectué un bienfait économique pour la Grande Bretagne, du point de vue social, cela n'a pas été commode à cause du manque de logements, d'organisations scolaires et du heurt occasionné par larrivée d'une minorité visible dans quelques régions souffrant de difficultés sociales de longue date.
Ethnicity in American Political Life—The Italian-American Experience
Authors: LaGumina Salvatore J.
Published: January 2022

A Report on the Proceedings of the American Italian Historical Association Conference held October 26, 1968 at Casa Italiana, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
The Contribution of Posterior Capsule Hypertrophy to Soft Tissue Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Healthy Pitchers
Authors: Paul Ryan W. , Sheridan Scott , Reuther Katherine E. , Kelly John D. , Thomas Stephen J.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The relationship between posterior capsule adaptations and soft tissue glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) in healthy pitchers remains unclear.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study aimed to identify if posterior capsule thickness (PCT) was associated with soft tissue GIRD in healthy pitchers. We hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between soft tissue GIRD and PCT in the dominant arm, no relationship between soft tissue GIRD and PCT in the nondominant arm, and a strong positive relationship between soft tissue GIRD and the bilateral difference in PCT (posterior capsule hypertrophy [PCH]).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 45 healthy collegiate and professional pitchers were included. Glenohumeral internal rotation and external rotation range of motion, humeral retroversion, and PCT were measured bilaterally. PCT was determined for unilateral posterior capsule measurements, and PCH of the throwing shoulder was calculated as the bilateral difference in PCT. Soft tissue GIRD was calculated as the sum of clinical GIRD and the bilateral difference in humeral retroversion. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined to evaluate the relationships between dominant arm PCT, nondominant arm PCT, and PCH and soft tissue GIRD.

Results:

Pearson correlations showed that both dominant arm PCT ( R = −0.13; P = .378) and nondominant arm PCT ( R = 0.21; P = .165) were not related to soft tissue GIRD. However, Pearson correlations did show that the amount of PCH was moderately related to soft tissue GIRD ( R = 0.40; P = .007). Therefore, as the posterior capsule hypertrophied, soft tissue GIRD moderately increased.

Conclusion:

Increased PCH was associated with an increase in soft tissue GIRD in healthy pitchers. If PCT measurements are feasible, clinicians should consider performing bilateral ultrasound assessments to isolate posterior capsule adaptations (ie, PCH). This will allow clinicians to identify pitchers with potentially maladaptive structural adaptations and optimize management strategies throughout the season to counteract them.
Defects of Pyruvate Metabolism and the Krebs Cycle
Authors: De Meirleir Linda
Published: January 2022

Seizures and metabolic disease are frequently associated, either indirectly as a consequence of the metabolically caused brain dysgenesis or directly by the metabolic derangement. This article describes defects in pyruvate metabolism (pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency) and Krebs cycle defects such as fumarase deficiency. Clinical characterizations and diagnostic strategies have been developed for each of these diseases. In contrast, very little is known about the specific epileptic features in these disorders. In females with a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency E1α owing to the mutation in the subunit E1α of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex West's syndrome associated with large ventricles and corpus callosum agenesis on magnetic resonance imaging can be the main feature of the disease. In fumarase deficiency, prenatal brain dysgenesis is the most prominent feature of the disease. Diagnosis of these disorders requires measurements of lactate and pyruvate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, analysis of amino acids in plasma and organic acids in urine, and neuroradiologic investigations. Further biochemical and molecular analysis leads to a definitive diagnosis and opens the way to adequate treatment, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. (J Child Neurol 2002;17(Suppl 3):3S26–3S34).
A novel model-based robust control design for collaborative robot joint module
Authors: Zhen ShengChao , Cui WangXu , Liu XiaoLi , Meng GuanJun , Chen Ye-Hwa
Published: January 2022

In order to reduce the impact of load and system parameter changes on the dynamic performance of collaborative robot joint module, a novel robust control algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of dynamic control of collaborative robot joint module trajectory tracking. The controller is composed of two parts: one is a nominal control term designed based on the dynamical model, aiming to stabilize the nominal robot system; the other is a robust control term based on the Lyapunov method, aiming to eliminate the influence of uncertainty on tracking performance, where the uncertainties include nonlinear friction, parameter uncertainty, and external disturbances. The Lyapunov minimax method is adopted to prove that the system is uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. We performed numerical simulation and experimental validation based on an actual collaborative robot joint module experimental platform and the rapid controller prototype cSPACE. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the controller has excellent control performance for the collaborative robot joint module and provides more accurate trajectory tracking under the influence of uncertainties.
Turning inserts the selection approach based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Huo Yunliang , Xiong Ji , Ze Yu , Chen Sitao , Guo Zhixing
Published: January 2022

Tool selection is a multi-criteria decision-making problem in the presence of various selection criteria and a set of alternatives, but previous works are limited to evaluating the tools within the workshop tool library. To intelligently select proper inserts across suppliers under the Internet environment, an insert data format based on ISO 513 was established, and a framework was then designed to obtain a set of alternatives from different suppliers based on fuzzy intervals. Then, knowledge was described with convenient language and the simple membership function to build an intelligent system, which would infer the matching degree of insert characteristics to the machining conditions. Furthermore, analytic hierarchy process was applied to sort the alternatives. Finally, the case study shows that compared with previous works and machinists, this work not only obtains a set of alternatives from all suppliers who uploaded their product data with the designed format but comprehensively evaluates the insert (take finishing low-carbon steel as an example, both cemented carbide and cermet are recommended, the nose radius reduces 25%, the environmental index increases 25%, while the rake reduces 11.25%, when compared with machinists who tend to select the larger rake angle foe finishing). A platform was also developed based on Visual Studio 2015 and SQL Server 2012 to improve selection efficiency for inexperienced CNC operators, purchasers, and vendors.
Model averaging with the hybrid model: An asymptotic study and demonstration
Authors: Wee Soh Kian , Lumley Thomas , Walker Cameron , O’Sullivan Michael
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present a new model averaging technique that can be applied in medical research. The dataset is first partitioned by the values of its categorical explanatory variables. Then for each partition, a model average is determined by minimising some form of squared errors, which could be the leave-one-out cross-validation errors. From our asymptotic optimality study and the results of simulations, we demonstrate under several high-level assumptions and modelling conditions that this model averaging procedure may outperform jackknife model averaging, which is a well-established technique. We also present an example where a cross-validation procedure does not work (that is, a zero-valued cross-validation error is obtained) when determining the weights for model averaging.
Intrafamilial Variability of the R694C Variant in BICD2 Presenting with Lethal Severe Arthrogryposis
Authors: Ribeiro-Mourão Francisco , Vilan Ana , Passos-Silva Sara , Silveira Fernando , Leão Miguel , Sampaio Mafalda
Published: January 2022

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous condition comprising congenital multiple joint contractures, and it is secondary to decreased fetal mobility following environmental/genetic abnormalities. BICD2 pathogenic variants have been associated with autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED2).

We report the case of a newborn with decreased fetal movements and ventriculomegaly diagnosed in utero, born with severe AMC, multiple bone fractures, congenital hip dislocation, and respiratory insufficiency that led to neonatal death. His mother had AMC diagnosis without established etiology. Her phenotype characterization was key to guide the genetic investigation. A BICD 2 heterozygous variant (NM_001003800.1; c.2080C > T; p. [Arg694Cys]) was detected both in the mother and the newborn. This variant had previously been reported in 3 cases, all having de novo severe SMALED-type 2B (MIM#618291) phenotype. This is the first report of this variant (p. [Arg694Cys]) presenting with an inherited, severe, and lethal phenotype associated to intrafamilial variability, suggesting a more complex phenotype-genotype correlation than previously stated.
Severe Neonatal COVID Pneumonia With Cytokine Storm
Authors: Singh Vineet Kumar , Tripathi Shalini , Kumar Mala
Published: January 2022

COVID infection is not as common in children as in adults. In the first wave, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was less common with mild symptoms in children and neonates. But in the second wave, more children and neonates were affected with severe manifestations. COVID infection in neonates is mostly asymptomatic and published data from various neonatal units of India shows that most COVID positive newborns have good prognosis; poor outcomes are due to perinatal complications and rarely due to COVID. 1 However, in the second wave, newborns too were affected. We are presenting the case of a preterm neonate who developed severe COVID pneumonia on day 10 of life with cytokine storm and succumbed to death.
Using rapid evaluation methods to assess service delivery changes: Lessons learned for evaluation practice during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gawaya Milbert , Terrill Desiree , Williams Eleanor
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic required large-scale service delivery changes for government, and provided the opportunity for evaluators to step up and support decision makers to understand the impact of these changes. Rapid evaluation methods (REM) provide a pragmatic approach for generating timely information for evidence-based policy and decision-making. Grounded in developmental and utilisation-focused evaluation theory, REM incorporates a team-based, mixed methods design, executed over a 6–8-week period. Customised rubrics were used to rigorously assess effectiveness and scalability of practice changes to inform COVID-19 response planning. REM is an alternative approach to full-scale evaluation models frequently implemented to assess policies and programs. Adapted use of REM suggests that meaningful insights can be gained through use of smaller scale evaluations. This article shares lessons learned from a novel rapid evaluation method applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid evaluation approach was implemented to provide real-time insights and evaluative conclusions for 15 program and practice adaptations across Victorian health and human service settings. The article shares insights about the practical applicability of balancing rigour and timeliness when implementing a rapid evaluation, and strengths and limitations of working within a fast-paced evaluation framework. Findings can inform evaluative practice in resource and time-limited settings.
Concurrent vibration attenuation and low-power electricity generation in a locally resonant metastructure
Authors: Khattak Mohid Muneeb , Sugino Christopher , Erturk Alper
Published: January 2022

We investigate piezoelectric energy harvesting on a locally resonant metamaterial beam for concurrent power generation and bandgap formation. The mechanical resonators (small beam attachments on the main beam structure) have piezoelectric elements which are connected to electrical loads to quantify their electrical output in the locally resonant bandgap neighborhood. Electromechanical model simulations are followed by detailed experiments on a beam setup with nine resonators. The main beam is excited by an electrodynamic shaker from its base over the frequency range of0–150 Hz and the motion at the tip is measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer to extract its transmissibility frequency response. The formation of a locally resonant bandgap is confirmed and a resistor sweep is performed for the energy harvesters to capture the optimal power conditions. Individual power outputs of the harvester resonators are compared in terms of their percentage contribution to the total power output. Numerical and experimental analysis shows that, inside the locally resonant bandgap, most of the vibrational energy (and hence harvested energy) is localized near the excited base of the beam, and the majority of the total harvested power is extracted by the first few resonators.
Impact of Defibrotide in the Prevention of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tilmont Rémi , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Ramdane Nassima , Srour Micha , Coiteux Valérie , Magro Léonardo , Odou Pascal , Simon Nicolas , Beauvais David
Published: January 2022

Background

Defibrotide is indicated for patients who develop severe sinusoidal obstructive syndrome following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Preclinical data suggested that defibrotide carries a prophylactic effect against acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD).

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of defibrotide on the incidence and severity of aGVHD.

Methods

This single-center retrospective study included all consecutive transplanted patients between January 2014 and December 2018. A propensity score based on 10 predefined confounders was used to estimate the effect of defibrotide on aGVHD via inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results

Of the 482 included patients, 64 received defibrotide (defibrotide group) and 418 did not (control group). Regarding main patient characteristics and transplantation modalities, the two groups were comparable, except for a predominance of men in the defibrotide group. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 40-62). Patients received allo-HCT from HLA-matched related donor (28.6%), HLA-matched unrelated donor (50.8%), haplo-identical donor (13.4%), or mismatched unrelated donor (7.0%). Stem cell source was either bone marrow (49.6%) or peripheral blood (50.4%). After using IPTW, exposure to defibrotide was not significantly associated with occurrence of aGVHD (HR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.62-1.52; P = .9) or occurrence of severe aGVHD (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 0.98-3.66; P = .058).

Conclusion and Relevance

Defibrotide does not seem to have a protective effect on aGVHD in patients undergoing allo-HCT. Based on what has been reported to date and on these results, defibrotide should not be considered for the prevention of aGVHD outside clinical trials.
Ecological Momentary Assessment: A Meta-Analysis on Designs, Samples, and Compliance Across Research Fields
Authors: Wrzus Cornelia , Neubauer Andreas B.
Published: January 2022

Ecological Momentary Assessments (i.e., EMA, repeated assessments in daily life) are widespread in many fields of psychology and related disciplines. Yet, little knowledge exists on how differences in study designs and samples predict study compliance and dropout—two central parameters of data quality in (micro-)longitudinal research. The current meta-analysis included k = 477 articles (496 samples, total N = 677,536). For each article, we coded the design, sample characteristics, compliance, and dropout rate. The results showed that on average EMA studies scheduled six assessments per day, lasted for 7 days, and obtained a compliance of 79%. Studies with more assessments per day scheduled fewer assessment days, yet, the number of assessments did not predict compliance or dropout rates. Compliance was significantly higher in studies providing financial incentives. Otherwise, design or sample characteristics had little effects. We discuss the implications of the findings for planning, reporting, and reviewing EMA studies.
Component-scaled signal reconstruction for enhanced noise filtration
Authors: Singh Aryan , Moore Keegan J
Published: January 2022

This research introduces a procedure for signal denoising based on linear combinations of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) extracted using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The method, termed component-scaled signal reconstruction, employs the standard EMD algorithm, with no enhancements to decompose the signal into a set of IMFs. The problem of mode mixing is leveraged for noise removal by constructing an optimal linear combination of the potentially mixed IMFs. The optimal linear combination is determined using an optimization routine with an objective function that maximizes and minimizes the information and noise, respectively, in the denoised signal. The method is demonstrated by applying it to a computer-generated voice sample and the displacement response of a cantilever beam with local stiffness nonlinearity. In the first application, the noise is introduced into the sample manually by adding a Gaussian white-noise signal to the signal. In the second application, the response of the entire beam is filmed using two 1-megapixel cameras, and the three-dimensional displacement field is extracted using digital image correlation. The noise in this application arises entirely from the images captured. The proposed method is compared to existing EMD, ensemble EMD, and LMD based denoising approaches and is found to perform better.
Women of Color Student Survivors’ Perceptions of Campus Sexual Assault Prevention Programming
Authors: Karunaratne Nadeeka , Harris Jessica C.
Published: January 2022

This article presents a qualitative study of 44 Women of Color undergraduate student survivors’ perceptions of campus sexual assault prevention programming using the framework of standpoint theory. Participants held perceptions concerning online training prior to college, the in-person presentations they attended during new student orientation, and the lack of information relayed through prevention programs about sexual assault perpetration. Findings highlight the need for continued research investigating the standpoints of Women of Color students to better inform implementation of prevention efforts.
Biomarkers of everolimus efficacy in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Voutsadakis Ioannis A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Everolimus is an inhibitor of serine/ threonine kinase mTOR. The drug is approved for the treatment of metastatic ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers and benefits a subset of patients with these breast cancers in combination with hormonal therapies. Despite extensive efforts, no additional predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions for everolimus have been introduced in clinical practice.

Data sources

This paper discusses predictive biomarkers for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer. A search of the medline and web of science databases was performed using the words “everolimus” and “biomarkers”. References of retrieved articles were manually scanned for additional relevant articles.

Data Summary

Everolimus benefits a subset of patients with metastatic ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers in combination with hormonal therapies. Despite extensive efforts no additional predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions for everolimus therapy have been confirmed for use in clinical practice. However, promising biomarker leads for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer have been suggested and include expression of proteins in the mTOR pathway in ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers. In HER2 positive cancers PIK3CA mutations, and PTEN expression loss are prognostic. Other clinical predictive biomarkers with more limited data include characteristics derived from whole genome sequencing, subsets of circulating leukocytes and changes in Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans.

Conclusions

Putative predictive biomarkers for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer patients, both genomic and clinical, deserve further study and could lead to a better selection of responsive patients.
Human Rights Advocacy Evaluation in the Global South: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Esala Jennifer J. , Sweitzer Liz , Higson-Smith Craig , Anderson Kirsten L.
Published: January 2022

Advocacy evaluation has emerged in the past 20 years as a specialized area of evaluation practice. We offer a review of existing peer-reviewed literature and draw attention to the scarcity of scholarly work on human rights advocacy evaluation in the Global South. The lack of published material in this area is concerning, given the urgent need for human rights advocacy in the Global South and the difficulties of conducting advocacy in contexts in which fundamental human rights are often poorly protected. Based on the review of the literature and our professional experiences in human rights advocacy evaluation in the Global South, we identify themes in the literature that are especially salient in the Global South and warrant more attention. We also offer critical reflections on content areas not addressed in the existing literature and conclude with suggestions as to how activists, evaluators, and other stakeholders can contribute to the development of a field of practice that is responsive to the global challenge of advocacy evaluation.
Co-existing lacrimal drainage anomalies in eyes with congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Senthil Sirisha , Ali Mohammad Javed , Chary Raghava , Mandal Anil K
Published: January 2022

Aim

To evaluate the occurrence of co-existing congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and other lacrimal anomalies in eyes with congenital glaucoma (CG).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of children aged ≤1-year with co-existing CG and CNLDO seen between 1998 and 2019, treatment interventions and outcomes.

Results

During the study period, 1993 children had CG and 6203 children had CNLDO, among the children aged 1-year or less. Of these, 51 children (73 eyes) had co-existing CG and CNLDO. The prevalence of CNLDO in CG was 2.5% (51/1993) and the prevalence of CG among CNLDO was 0.8% (51/6203). Median age (Interquartile range, IQR) was 53 days (IQR: 8, 155), when they were diagnosed with CG. Among the children with CNLDO, 68 eyes (93.1%) had simple CNLDO, and 5 eyes (6.9%) had complex CNLDO. Associated lacrimal anomalies were present in 7/73 eyes, including congenital lacrimal fistula in two eyes, upper punctal agenesis and upper mid-canalicular obstruction in two eyes each, and upper single canalicular-wall hypoplasia in one eye. Lacrimal syringing and probing were successful in 69/72 eyes (95.8%), and failed in 3 eyes (4.2%). These 3 eyes had complex CNLDO and underwent Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with Mitomycin-C and intubation. Sixty-two eyes underwent combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy, and two eyes underwent trabeculectomy. Median age at glaucoma surgery was 87 days (IQR: 54, 193). Median time delay for glaucoma surgery after probing was 18 days (IQR: 12, 35).

Conclusion

Among children aged ≤1-year presenting with congenital glaucoma coexisting lacrimal drainage anomalies was noted in 2.5% and simple CNLDO was the commonest. Early intervention is of paramount importance to prevent sight-threatening intraocular infection with CNLDO, and to minimize the delay of glaucoma surgery. The outcomes of lacrimal probing were excellent, however complex CNLDO required DCR.
Clustering and hotel room prices in Dubai
Authors: Arzaghi Mohammad , Genc Ismail H , Naik Shaabana
Published: January 2022

In this article, we study the influence of the room properties, hotel amenities, hotel location, and, more importantly, the characteristics of hotels in the surrounding area on the prices of hotel rooms. The effects of different determinants are estimated using the hedonic price model for a cross-section of 250 hotels in Dubai. In addition to the typical characteristics of hotels and hotel rooms such as hotel amenities, star rating, and room size, we include location-specific characteristics such as accessibility to public transportation, airport, and, more importantly, clustering variables to capture the effects of local competition and spillovers from surrounding hotels. Our results indicate significant and strong effects of accessibility to attractions, transportation, hotel’s star rating, and room size, as expected. Our estimations also indicate that local competition reduces the room price, and local quality spillover increases the room price, and both effects are predominantly limited to the hotel’s immediate surroundings. Our estimations indicate that having one more hotel in the immediate surroundings decreases the room price by about one percent, and an increase in the average quality of the hotels in the immediate surroundings by one star rating increases the room price by more than 20%.
Total body recumbent stepping vs treadmill walking in supervised exercise therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Salisbury Dereck L , Swanson Kari , Brown Rebecca JL , Treat-Jacobson Diane
Published: January 2022

Background: Treadmill walking is the most commonly recommended exercise modality in supervised exercise therapy (SET) for peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, other modalities may be equally effective and more tolerable for patients. The primary aim of this single-blind, randomized pilot study was to compare the feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a treadmill walking (TM) versus a total body recumbent stepping (TBRS) exercise program for treatment of PAD (i.e., "Stepper Study").. Methods: Participants ( n = 19) enrolled in a 12-week SET program and were randomized to either a TM ( n = 9) or TBRS ( n = 10) exercise group that followed current SET exercise guidelines. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy outcomes were assessed. Results: SET attendance was 86% and 71%, respectively, for TBRS and TM groups ( p = 0.07). Session exercise dose (metabolic equivalents of task [MET] minutes) (mean [SD]) for TM was 117.6 [27.4] compared to 144.7 [28.7] in the TBRS group ( p = 0.08). Study-related adverse events were nine in 236 training hours and three in 180 training hours for the TBRS and TM groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups for improvement in 6-minute walk distance (mean [SD]) (TM: 133.2 ft [53.5] vs TBRS: 154.8 ft [49.8]; p = 0.77) after adjusting for baseline 6-minute walk distance. Conclusion: This is the first randomized study comparing TBRS to TM exercise in SET using current SET guidelines. This pilot study showed that TBRS is a feasible and safe exercise modality in SET. This study provides preliminary efficacy of the use of TBRS exercise in SET programs following current guidelines. Larger studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Identity and memory as resilience: Applications of liberation psychology in a rural Maya Achi community
Authors: Mitton Heidi
Published: January 2022

This study sought to understand interpretations of interconnections between historical trauma, contemporary violence, and resilience in a Maya Achi community currently engaged in promoting peace and social change through popular education. In particular, the ways in which participants drew upon identity and memory in articulating characteristics of community distress and resilience are discussed. The research is informed by liberation psychology and critical perspectives of mental health, particularly considering the challenges inherent in the promotion of collective memory of trauma and resistance in contexts of violence and humanitarian settings. Participant reflections on historical and contemporary violence highlight elements of collective distress, connecting identity and memory with acts of both oppression and resistance. Education and development are signaled as possible sites of resilience but also experienced as sites of power upholding the status quo. Diverse experiences and applications of identity and memory provide insight into the ways in which community organizations working in contexts of political violence might navigate polarizing and paradoxical discourses in order to subvert, co-opt, or adapt to hegemonic cultural, political, and economic power relations in the process of transformation for collective resilience.
A new polyurethane-steel honeycomb composite pier anti-collision device: Concept and compressive behavior
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Xie Zhujian , Li Jing , Zhang Junping , Yu Qinglun , Zhang Chaoxi
Published: January 2022

A new type of pier anti-collision composite structure composed of honeycomb steel and polyurethane (PU) elastomer was proposed in this study. The impacts of the shape and filling materials of inner core cells on the failure mode, load–displacement cure, bearing capacity, structural stability, and energy absorption were studied by conducting uniaxial compression tests on device segments. Test results showed that the bearing capacity, structural stability, and energy absorption of honeycomb steel structure were significantly improved by PU elastomer filling. Besides, when compared with the square honeycomb structure and the regular hexagon honeycomb structure, the maximum values of average load, total energy absorption (TEA), and specific energy absorption (SEA), which were 69.6 kN, 1986.1 J, and 1300 J/kg, respectively, for the regular triangle honeycomb structure without PU filling, increased to 459.3%, 376.38%, and 212.5%, respectively, for the regular hexagonal core cell structure with PU filling, which was proved to be the most suitable core structure for pier anti-collision device.
Flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with BFRP and GFRP polymer composites
Authors: Subramanian Nagajothi , Solaiyan Elavenil , Sendrayaperumal Angalaeswari , Lakshmaiya Natrayan
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the experimental investigations on the flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars and the effect of inclusion of the new adhesively bonded BFRP/GFRP stirrups. M30 grade geopolymer and conventional concrete beams with the dimension of 100 × 160 × 1700 mm were cast to investigae the flexural behaviour of BFRP/GFRP and steel bars. This study also examined the mode of failure, deflection behaviour, curvature moment capacity, crack width, pattern, propagation, strains and average crack width of the BFRP/GFRP bars with stirrups in the geopolymer concretes using a four-point static bending test. The results were compared to that of conventional steel-reinforced concrete, and it was found that the Basalt and Glass reinforced polymer beams demonstrated premature failure and sudden shear failure. Further, the FRP bars exhibited higher mid-span deflection, crack width and crack propagation than steel bars. Crack spacing of the FRP bars decreased with an increase in the number of cracks. The correlation between the load and the deflection behaviour of the beams was determined using statistical analysis of multi variables regression.
Open-source investigation as a genre of conflict reporting
Authors: Ristovska Sandra
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the role and scope of eyewitness images in open-source investigation, which is becoming a prominent genre of conflict reporting in its own right. Based on interviews with journalists at the Visual Investigations Unit at The New York Times and a textual analysis of their video reports, the paper sheds light on the paradoxical working of the genre, which simultaneously opens up and limits opportunities for eyewitness images as a platform for voice. The paper thus argues that despite the journalists’ commitment to innovation, the logics of institutions, the corporate ethos of social media platforms, and the pervasive power of geopolitics continue to shape the articulation, recognition, and agency of voice.
But is It Hermeneutic Enough?: Reading for Methodological Salience in a Scoping Review of Hermeneutics and Implementation Science
Authors: McCaffrey Graham , Wilson Erin , Jonatansdottir Steinunn , Zimmer Lela , Zimmer Peter , Graham Ian , Snadden David , MacLeod Martha
Published: January 2022

Hermeneutic methods have been widely used in health research. Through conducting a scoping review of hermeneutic studies related to implementation in healthcare, we identified various approaches and common strengths across studies. The review was part of a larger study exploring how hermeneutics could contribute fresh perspectives to implementation science. We looked at a large number of studies that reported some use of hermeneutics with a focus on what they had to say about processes of implementation in health care environments. While meeting our primary goal of identifying what was salient to implementation, we came up against the question of what made for a strong hermeneutic study. Through an extensive process of evaluation and discussion, several common elements emerged across studies that used hermeneutics: participatory conversations, reflective spaces, attention to alterity, and close-up granular detail. In this article, we outline the review process, then focus on six articles that met our criteria for relevance to implementation and hermeneutic strength. We discuss how some or all the common elements appeared in the articles, despite wide variations in topic and in how hermeneutics was applied. We argue that strength in hermeneutic research stems from a dialectic between applied principles and outcomes.
If we can imagine it, we can build it: Developing Complexity Theory-Informed Methodologies
Authors: Gear Claire , Eppel Elizabeth , Koziol-McLain Jane
Published: January 2022

Seemingly intractable or ‘wicked’ problems are often characterised by the complexity and uncertainty involved. However, these characteristics are not always accounted for within research design. How health care systems may effectively respond to intimate partner violence presents a complex research problem. Researchers have been challenged to account for contextual influences when responding to intimate partner violence. However, theoretical perspectives and methodologies have not sufficiently evolved to account for the multi-layered complexity and uncertainty involved. Recognising and responding to this challenge offers opportunities to innovate methodologies and methods capable of evolving alongside learning. We present a complexity-led research design to study improving primary care service delivery to those impacted by intimate partner violence in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Unleading during a pandemic: Scrutinising leadership and its impact in a state of exception
Authors: Kars-Unluoglu Selen , Jarvis Carol , Gaggiotti Hugo
Published: January 2022

Characterising COVID-19 pandemic as a ‘state of exception’, we might expect great hero models of leadership to come to the fore. Instead, drawing on a thematic analysis of 246 news articles, this paper illustrates something different: communities, companies, individuals picked-up the leadership mantle but were reluctant to frame their practices under a leadership rhetoric. The paper explores spontaneous initiatives and leaderly actions that were made visible during the pandemic and proposes practice-based implications for redrawing leadership conceptualisations. These practices, coined as unleading, are characterised under four dimensions: unconditionality and social intention; purposeful action in the absence of an achievement motivation; sensing and attending to local conditions; and confident connecting and collaborating. The analysis and discussion of the four dimensions affirm that while leading and unleading are always present when organising, they are more or less visible and practiced depending on organisational, social and individual circumstances. The paper concludes by surfacing questions and reflections for the future of unleading and implications for leadership theorising and practice.