bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The biology and inhibition of glucose‐regulated protein 94/gp96
Authors: Pugh Kyler W. , Alnaed Marim , Brackett Christopher M. , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: July 2022

The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose‐regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease‐dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune‐mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94‐peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
On the spectrum of Euler–Lagrange operator in the stability analysis of Bénard problem
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Lanxi
Published: July 2022

In studying the stability of Bénard problem, we usually have to solve a variational problem to determine the critical Rayleigh number for linear or nonlinear stability. To solve the variational problem, one usually transforms it to an eigenvalue problem which is called Euler–Lagrange equations. An operator related to the Euler–Lagrange equations is usually referred to as Euler–Lagrange operator whose spectrum is investigated in this paper. We have shown that the operator possesses only the point spectrum consisting of real number, which forms a countable set. Moreover, it is found that the spectrum of the Euler–Lagrange operator depends on the thickness of the fluid layer.
Efficient energy‐preserving methods for the Schrödinger‐Boussinesq equation
Authors: Yan Jinliang , Zheng Lianghong , Lu Fuqiang , Zhang Qiongyue
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present two novel energy‐preserving schemes for the Schrödinger‐Boussinesq system based on the second‐order Adams prediction‐correction method. We first introduce supplementary variables to the initial model simultaneous its invariants to obtain a consistent and structural stable system. Then, we discretize the extended system by directly using the Fourier pseudo‐spectral method in space and second‐order Adams prediction‐correction method in time to construct conservative schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes can reach second‐order accuracy and can conserve the discrete invariants very well.
Novel Imido‐Cr/Silica Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts Modified from the Phillips Catalyst
Authors: Jin Yulong , Yang Yang , Su Changzhi , Wang Junrong , Wang Yongnian , Liu Boping
Published: July 2022

In this work, novel imido‐Cr/silica catalysts are synthesized by modifying the Phillips catalyst CrOx/silica with isocyanates. The imido‐Cr/silica, which has moderate activities of 200–300 kgPE molCr−1 bar−1, shows lower efficiency than CrOx/silica for C2H4 polymerization. On the other hand, regarding to the modified catalysts, the productivity can be improved almost linearly with increasing C2H4 pressure, and very stable activities are observed during the 1 h run of C2H4 polymerization. When compared with CrOx/silica, the modified catalysts can produce polyethylene (PE) with much higher molecular weight (MW) and broader molecular weight distribution (MWD), which is featured by a distinct ultrahigh MW shoulder. Meanwhile, the MW and MWD of the PE products can be reduced obviously by adding a small amount of H2 before C2H4 polymerization. In addition, it is found that more 1‐hexene can be copolymerized by CrOx/silica, and it is preferentially incorporated into a portion of the PE chains. While such a preference is much less significant for the modified catalysts.
Whole‐Brain Water Content Mapping Using Super‐Resolution Reconstruction with MRI Acquisition in 3 Orthogonal Orientations
Authors: Thomas Dennis C. , Oros‐Peusquens Ana‐Maria , Poot Dirk , Shah N. Jon
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Brain water content provides rich tissue contrast comparable to that of longitudinal relaxation time T1, but mapping is usually performed at modest resolution. In particular, the slice thickness in 2D mapping methods is limited. Here, we combine super‐resolution reconstruction techniques with a fast water content mapping method to acquire high and isotropic resolution (0.75 mm) water content maps at 3 Tesla.

Methods

A high‐resolution multi‐echo gradient echo image is super‐resolution–reconstructed from 3 low‐resolution, orthogonal multi‐echo gradient echo image acquisitions, followed by water content mapping. The mapping accuracy and SNR of the proposed method are assessed using numerical simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo data acquired from 6 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. A high‐resolution acquisition with an established mapping method is used as a reference.

Results

Whole‐brain water content maps with 0.75 mm isotropic resolution are demonstrated. No bias in the water content values was seen following super‐resolution reconstruction. In the in vivo experiments, a lower SD of the mean water content values was observed with the proposed method compared to the reference method.

Conclusions

Super‐resolution reconstruction of multi‐echo gradient echo data is demonstrated, enabling whole‐brain water content mapping with high and isotropic resolution. The accuracy of the proposed method is shown using phantoms and 6 healthy volunteers and was found to be unchanged compared to the conventional acquisition. The proposed method could increase the sensitivity of water content mapping sufficiently to enable the detection of very small lesions, such as cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis.
Prognostic factors, disease course, and treatment efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weber Fabio J. , Latshang Tsogyal D. , Blum Manuel R. , Kohler Malcolm , Wertli Maria M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aims

Prognostic factors in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) predict the disease course and may help individualize patient care. The aim was to summarize the evidence on prognostic factors that may support treatment decisions.

Methods

We searched six databases for prospective studies that each included ≥50 DMD patients with a minimum follow‐up of 1 y. Primary outcomes were age at loss of ambulation (LoA), pulmonary function (forced vital capacity percent of predicted, FVC%p), and heart failure.

Results

Out of 5074 references, 59 studies were analyzed. Corticosteroid use was associated with a delayed LoA (pooled effect hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.75, I2 94%), better pulmonary function tests (higher peak FVC%, prolonged time with FVC%p > 50%, and reduced need for assisted ventilation) and delayed cardiomyopathy. Longer corticosteroid treatment was associated with later LoA (>1 y compared to <1 y; pooled HR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.90) and early treatment start (aged <5 y) may be associated with early cardiomyopathy and higher fracture risk. Genotype appeared to be an independent driver of LoA in some studies. Higher baseline physical function tests (e.g., 6‐minute walk test) were associated with delayed LoA. Left ventricular dysfunction and FVC <1 L increased and the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduced the risk of heart failure and death. Fusion surgery in scoliosis may potentially preserve pulmonary function.

Discussion

Prognostic factors that may inform clinical decisions include age at corticosteroid treatment initiation and treatment duration, ACE‐inhibitor use, baseline physical function tests, pulmonary function, and cardiac dysfunction.
Protecting our coast for everyone's future: Indigenous and scientific knowledge support marine spatial protections proposed by Central Coast First Nations in Pacific Canada
Authors: Reid Mike , Collins Muxvpenstista Lena , Hall Smawn Richard J. , Mason Ernest , McGee Gord , Frid Alejandro
Published: July 2022

We, the Haíłzaqv, Kitasoo Xai'xais, Nuxalk and Wuikinuxv First Nations, are the traditional stewards of our territories in the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Our traditional laws obligate us to manage and protect our territories for current and future generations. Spatial management is inherent to our cultures through the Hereditary Chief governance system, in which specific people within a lineage inherit the rights and responsibilities for stewarding specific areas.

Since the 19th century, we have been experiencing cultural disruptions caused by settler colonialism, which are now worsened by the declines of marine species vital to our cultures. These declines reflect fishery impacts exacerbated by climate change.

Western fisheries management focuses on maximum sustained yields (MSY), ignoring body size declines that disrupt food webs and diminish population productivity for vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, thereby eroding resilience to climate change. The worldview encompassed by the MSY framework—take the most that you can without compromising future exploitation while assuming no environmental change—is the antithesis of ours—take only what you need and leave lots for the ecosystem. Furthermore, standard stock assessments do not account for uncertainties inherent to climate change effects on distributions and productivity, and many by‐catch species are unassessed.

Consistent with our traditional knowledge, scientific evidence indicates that marine protected areas (MPAs), coupled with other measures to reduce fishing mortality, can restore exploited species, safeguard biodiversity and contribute to fisheries sustainability.

In the 2000s, we paired Indigenous knowledge and Western science to develop marine spatial plans. These plans are foundational in our contribution to the ongoing development of the Marine Protected Area Network for Canada's Northern Shelf Bioregion (MPAN‐NSB), for which we are co‐governance partners with 14 other First Nations and the governments of Canada and British Columbia.

Our proposed spatial protections for the MPAN‐NSB encompass areas important to many exploited taxa and to corals, sponges, eelgrass beds and other carbon stores. Their implementation would fill conservation gaps which have persisted under current fishery management.

Given our history of spatial management through the Hereditary Chief governance system, the MPAN‐NSB is a culturally appropriate way forward for marine conservation in our territories.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Comprehensive characterization of raw and treated pineapple leaf fiber/polylactic acid green composites manufactured by 3D printing technique
Authors: Mansingh Bright Brailson , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Tan Ze Quan , Eugene Wong Wai Leong , Amornsakchai Taweechai , Hassan Shukur Abu , Goh Kheng Lim
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to develop a completely sustainable, biodegradable, eco‐friendly and green composite material for packaging of food and medical products by an additive manufacturing technique such as 3D printing. This report presents the mechanical, crystalline, chemical bonding and thermal characteristics of a novel pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) green composite manufactured by 3D printing technique. Both powdered raw and alkali‐treated PALFs were respectively mixed with PLA and extruded as filaments for 3D printing into composite test specimens. The characterization study reveals that the 3D printed composite with 3 wt% (alkali‐treated) PALF reinforcement exhibited maximum tensile and flexural characteristics. The density of the 3D printed composite specimens increased with increase in wt% of PALF. On the other hand, the 3D printed composite specimens blended with raw PALF showed enhanced elongation at break compared to alkali‐treated PALF reinforced composite specimens. The microstructural images of the 3D printed composite specimens confirms the existence of impurities, voids and fiber degradation phenomenon. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the chemical bonding nature of the 3D printed composite specimens. The X‐Ray diffraction was used to calculate the crystalline size and crystallinity index. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the 3D printed composite specimen possessed adequate thermal stability for use in packaging applications.
Investigation on mechanical properties of basalt/epoxy fiber reinforced polymer composite with the influence of turtle shell powder
Authors: Kasinathan Rajesh Kumar , Rajamani Jeyapaul
Published: July 2022

The research article deals with the efficacy of turtle shell powder (TSP) as an attempt at a novel perspective vision, used as a filler material in the fabrication of basalt‐epoxy composites preparation for us as a first opportunity. The fiber reinforced polymer composite made of basalt‐epoxy matrix was fabricated by filling TSP powder with different weight percentage levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% by hand lay‐up process continued by a compression molding technique. In addition, the single laminate basalt fiber ply orientations were configured by symmetric‐quasi‐isotropic. Density, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed to analyze the composite strength and modulus. The morphological traits and TSP elemental composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and EDAX, respectively. Results elucidate that the incorporated TSP particle in basalt‐epoxy composite enhanced the mechanical properties. Overall compared with the B0 composite, the B3 composite exhibits the optimal result, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased by 98.4%, 68.9%, 70.73%, 53.12%, and 76.85% performance explicates, respectively, except hardness, which shows 43.5% higher in 5 wt% composite. The interfacial bonding of basalt‐epoxy composites has been improved by the TSP particle curtailed the microvoids. The basalt‐epoxy characteristics were adversely affected by TSP aggregation that occurred at 5 wt% laminate. The laminated composites are heavily bolstered by the performance of TSP particles and with the addition of ply orientation increased the strong interfacial bonding of TSP‐epoxy‐basalt interactions.
Proteomic changes associated with the development of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds
Authors: Neto Domingos F. M. , Nascimento José R. S. , Martins Gabriel R. , Silva Ayla S. , Domont Gilberto B. , Campos Francisco A. P. , Nogueira Fábio C. S.
Published: July 2022

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds are a rich source of mannans, which can be used to generate bioethanol or be converted to high‐value D‐mannose, in addition to being a source of polyphenols with beneficial health properties. Here, we present a quantitative proteome dataset of açaí seeds at four stages of development (S1, S2, S3, and S4 stages), in which 2465 high confidence proteins were identified and 524 of them show statistically different abundance profiles during development. Several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide‐sugars were quantified, especially those dedicated to the formation of GDP‐mannose, which showed an increase in abundance between stages S1 and S3. Our data suggest that linear mannans found abundantly in endosperm cell walls are initially deposited as galactomannans, and during development lose the galactosyl groups. Two isoforms of alpha‐galactosidase enzymes showed significantly increased abundances in the S3 and S4 stages. Additionally, we quantified the enzymes participating in the central pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis responsible for the formation of catechin and epicatechin, which are subunits of procyanidins, the main class of polyphenols in the açaí seeds. These proteins showed the same pattern of deposition, in which higher abundances were seen in the S1 and S2 stages.
Prostate tumor RON receptor signaling mediates macrophage recruitment to drive androgen deprivation therapy resistance through Gas6‐mediated Axl and RON signaling
Authors: Brown Nicholas E. , Jones Angelle , Hunt Brian G. , Waltz Susan E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), or chemical castration, is the first‐line therapy for prostate cancer; however, resistance leaves few treatment options. Prostatic tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote prostate cancer growth and are abundant in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting a role in promoting CRPC. We recently showed a tumor cell‐intrinsic mechanism by which RON promotes CRPC. Given previous reports that RON alters prostate cancer cell chemokine production and RON‐overexpressing tumors alter macrophage function, we hypothesized that a macrophage‐dependent mechanism regulated by tumor cell intrinsic RON also promotes CRPC.

Methods

Using RON‐modulated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and GEMM‐derived cell lines and co‐cultures with bone marrow‐derived macrophages, we show functional and molecular characteristics of signaling pathways in supporting CRPC. Further, we used an unbiased phosphokinase array to identify pathway interactions regulated by RON. Finally, using human prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer patient data sets, we show the relevance of our findings to human prostate cancer.

Results

Studies herein show that macrophages recruited into the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) serve as a source for Gas6 secretion which serves to further enhance RON and Axl receptor activation in prostate tumor cells thereby driving CRPC. Further, we show targeting RON and macrophages in a murine model promotes CRPC sensitization to ADT.

Conclusions

We discovered a novel role for the RON receptor in prostate cancer cells in promoting CRPC through the recruitment of macrophages into the prostate TME. Macrophage‐targeting agents in combination with RON/Axl inhibition are likely to provide clinical benefits for patients with CRPC.
Plants of the Phytolaccaceae family with antimicrobial activity: A systematic review
Authors: Sydor Bruna Gomes , Ramos‐Milaré Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano , Pereira Meliana Borilli , Brustolin Aline Ávila , Montaholi Débora Cássia , Lera‐Nonose Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes , Negri Melyssa , de Lima Scodro Regiane Bertin , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana
Published: July 2022

Phytolaccaceae is a plant family of the order Caryophyllales, which includes species used in traditional medicine to treat diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate Phytolaccaceae family plants with potential antimicrobial action, through a systematic review. The study was conducted following the criteria of PRISMA protocol. The search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS, in March 2021. The search strategy used free descriptors and terms, limiting articles to the English language, regardless of publication year. The risk of bias and the quality of publications were based on the CONSORT checklist, modified for in vitro studies and SYRCLE’s RoB tool for in vivo study. Five independent judges performed quality assessments of publications and risk of bias analysis. Ninety‐five publications were retrieved from the databases and, after screening and eligibility criteria, 22 articles remained, from 1998 to 2019. In the selected studies, the plants were obtained from eight countries. In vivo and in vitro studies of extracts from the Phytolaccaceae family plants, evaluating antibacterial (8 publications), antifungal (8), anti‐Trypanosoma (2), anti‐Leishmania (2), antiviral (1), and antiamoebic (1) activities, are included. The plant species identified belong to genera Petiveria, Phytolacca, Gallesia, Trichostigma, and Seguieria. The risk of bias in the 22 publications both in vitro and in vitro was suboptimal. The evidence obtained showed that the Phytolaccaceae family, a source of plants with antimicrobial action, can serve as a basis for the creation of new herbal medicines, expanding the possibility of treatment for infectious diseases and stimulating their preservation and biodiversity. However, more high‐quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
Analytical packaging process: A method for improving the transport packaging
Authors: Sarıhan Mungan Seda , Aydın Samet
Published: July 2022

The purpose is to present the steps and mathematical methods of improving the transport packaging process, which is an integral operation of outbound logistics. Case studies involving tertiary packaging have been conducted, as it is a traditional form of transport packaging. AHP (analytical hierarchy process), as one of multidecision criteria methods, has been used for packing selection. It allows decision‐makers to model complex problems in a hierarchical structure that shows the relationship between the objective, criteria and alternatives. LP (linear programming) which helps to locate the optimal solution to a set of linear equations with a linear objective function has been suggested for in‐pack quantity analysis. The package performance has been tracked by the AHP&DEMATEL hybrid model. AHP does not evaluate the interactions between the factors. Thanks to DEMATEL (Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory), it is possible to strengthen this aspect by showing causal relationships on a diagram. The results highlight that an ‘analytical packaging process (APP)’ that has not been reported in previous researches allows for a proactive approach and intervention to the efficiency of the packaging. The proposal to implement APP, based on three stages as package selection, determination quantity in package and evaluation of the performance, is particularly significant while contributing to the competitive advantage. This paper seeks to fulfil the gap by providing a unified framework for packaging process categories. This study is the first study that uses both the AHP & DEMATEL hybrid model and prioritises the participants in scoring of the packaging.
Gamma irradiation induced surface plasmon resonance of Cu nanoparticles in fullerene C60
Authors: Bhardwaj Jyotsna , Vishnoi Ritu , Salim Amena , Yadav Shriniwas , Ojha Sunil , Dwivedi Umesh , Kandasami Asokan , Kumar Pushpendra , Sharma Ganesh D. , Singhal Rahul
Published: July 2022

The present study reports the gamma irradiation‐induced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Cu nanoparticles (Cu‐NPs) that are embedded in the C60 fullerene matrix. These films were deposited by the thermal co‐evaporation technique. In this study, the fullerene C60 and CuC60 nanocomposite thin films were deposited separately and irradiated using gamma rays at various doses from 250 to 1000 kGy. A broad but well‐defined SPR peak is observed at approximately 618 nm after gamma irradiation at a dose of 1000 kGy as confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy. An enhancement in the growth of Cu‐NPs with an average diameter of 46.05 nm is obtained at a dose of 1000 kGy. Raman spectroscopy confirms the ordering of fullerene C60 after gamma irradiation. However, the current–voltage measurements show that the resistivity of thin films remains approximately the same even after the highest doses of gamma irradiation. The electronic structures of these nanocomposite thin films were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The incorporation of Cu‐NPs in fullerene C60 changes the nature of the surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. These results are understood based on the ionizing nature of the gamma rays.
Synchronous Surface Reconstruction and Defect Passivation for High‐Performance Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tian Qingwen , Gu Xiaojing , Zhang Shiang , Wang Zhiteng , Zuo Xuejiao , Liu Yali , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: July 2022

The nonradiative charge recombination caused by surface defects and inferior crystalline quality are major roadblocks to further enhancing the performance of CsPbI3−xBrxperovskite solar cells (PSCs). Theoretical calculations indicate that sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC), a popular bacteriostatic benign material, can initiate multiple interactions with the CsPbI3−xBrxperovskite surface to effectively passivate the defects. The experimental results reveal that the NaDDTC can indeed passivate the electron trap states and lock active sites for charge traps and water adsorption. In addition, it is found that a solid‐state reaction is triggered for perovskite crystal regrowth by the NaDDTC post‐treatment, which not only enlarges grain size for reducing the density of grain boundary defects but also compensates some surface defects induced by the primary film growth. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CsPbI3−xBrxPSC is increased to as high as 20.40%, with significant improvement in fill factor and open‐circuit voltage (VOC), making it one of the highest for this type of solar cell. Furthermore, the optimized devices exhibit better environmental stability. Overall, this robust synchronous strategy provides efficient surface reconstruction and defect passivation for achieving both high PCE and stable inorganic perovskite.
Teaching and learning about respiratory infectious diseases: A scoping review of interventions in K‐12 education
Authors: Kafai Yasmin B. , Xin Yue , Fields Deborah , Tofel‐Grehl Colby
Published: July 2022

The pandemic outbreak of COVID‐19 has highlighted an urgent need for infectious disease education for K‐12 students. To gather a better understanding of what educational interventions have been conducted and to what effect, we performed a scoping review. We identified and examined 23 empirical researcher‐ and teacher‐designed studies conducted in the last 20 years that have reported on efforts to help K‐12 students learn about infectious diseases, with a focus on respiratory transmission. Our review shows studies of educational interventions on this topic are rare, especially with regard to the more population‐scale (vs. cellular level) concepts of epidemiology. Furthermore, efforts to educate youth about infectious disease primarily focused on secondary school students, with an emphasis on interactive learning environments to model or simulate both cellular‐level and population‐level attributes of infectious disease. Studies were only mildly successful in raising science interest, with somewhat stronger findings on helping students engage in scientific inquiry on the biology of infectious diseases and/or community spread. Most importantly, efforts left out critical dimensions of transmission dynamics key to understanding implications for public health. Based on our review, we articulate implications for further research and development in this important domain.
Data Ecosystems: A New Dimension of Value Creation Using AI and Machine Learning
Authors: Hecker Dirk , Voss Angelika , Wrobel Stefan
Published: July 2022

Machine learning and artificial intelligence have become crucial factors for the competitiveness of individual companies and entire economies. Yet their successful deployment requires access to a large volume of training data often not even available to the largest corporations. The rise of trustworthy federated digital ecosystems will significantly improve data availability for all participants and thus will allow a quantum leap for the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence at all scales of companies and in all sectors of the economy. In this chapter, we will explain how AI systems are built with data science and machine learning principles and describe how this leads to AI platforms. We will detail the principles of distributed learning which represents a perfect match with the principles of distributed data ecosystems and discuss how trust, as a central value proposition of modern ecosystems, carries over to creating trustworthy AI systems.
Energy Data Space
Authors: Berkhout Volker , Frey Carsten , Hertweck Philipp , Nestle David , Wickert Manuel
Published: July 2022

The energy sector is in a dynamic transition from centralized systems with large fossil power plants to a decentralized system with a high number of renewable energy assets and a rapidly increasing number of additional flexible loads from storage solutions, e-mobility, or power-to-heat applications.

To operate the system reliably, demand and supply have to be matched at all times very closely. Thus, the sector is very data and communication intensive and requires advanced ICT solutions to automate processes and deal with the enormous complexity.

The Energy Data Space can enable the digitalization of the energy transition by providing an architecture to make data available in order to increase the efficiency in asset and system operation.

Data provision and market communication within the system operations of electricity grids is a key use case due to its central role in the sector. Next, the integration of data from the smart meter rollout could as well be built on Data Space technology. Further use cases include predictive maintenance and the energy supply of buildings.

Initial research projects have demonstrated the feasibility of basic use cases. On the European level, the Platoon project will provide seven pilot applications by 2024.
FIWARE for Data Spaces
Authors: Ahle Ulrich , Hierro Juan Jose
Published: July 2022

This chapter describes how smart applications from multiple domains can participate in the creation of data spaces based on FIWARE software building blocks. Smart applications participating in such data spaces share digital twin data in real time using a common standard API like NGSI-LD and relying on standard data models. Each smart solution contributes to build a complete digital twin data representation of the real world sharing their data. At the same time, they can exploit data shared by other applications. Relying on FIWARE Data Marketplace components, smart applications can publish data under concrete terms and conditions which include pricing or data usage/access policies.

A federated cloud infrastructure and mechanisms supporting data sovereignty are necessary to create data spaces. However, additional elements have to be added to ease the creation of data value chains and the materialization of a data economy. Standard APIs, combined with standard data models, are crucial to support effective data exchange enabling loose coupling between parties as well as reusability and replaceability of data resources and applications. Similarly, data spaces need to incorporate mechanisms for publication, discovery, and trading of data resources. These are elements that FIWARE implements, and they can be combined with IDSA architecture elements like the IDS Connector to create data spaces supporting trusted and effective data sharing.

The GAIA-X project, started in 2020, is aimed at creating a federated form of data infrastructure in Europe which strengthens the ability to both access and share data securely and confidently. FIWARE is bringing mature technologies, compatible with IDS and CEF Building Blocks, which will accelerate the delivery of GAIA-X to the market.
From Linear Supply Chains to Open Supply Ecosystems
Authors: Biegel Fabian , Verzano Nemrude
Published: July 2022

The 2020s will be the beginning of an “Age of Data.” Data will help us unleash huge potentials in private but particularly also in the industry. At the same time, partly driven by the availability of this real-time information, the customer-supplier relationships are transforming from linear supply chains into networks and data-driven ecosystems. Efficient standards and technologies are key to this transformation.

However, the biggest hurdle to sharing data continues to be the lack of trust in secure, transparent, and trustworthy information exchange. Concepts and instruments like the International Data Spaces are essential to guarantee data sovereignty.

The SAP Asset Intelligence Network is therefore complemented by the core elements of IDS to maintain trust and transparency throughout the entire industry value network.
Introduction: Emotions (Jeong/Qing 情) in Korean Philosophy and Religion
Authors: Chung Edward Y. J. , Oh Jea Sophia
Published: July 2022

This introductory chapter presents the editors’ comprehensive introduction to four interrelated topics: “Emotions in General, East and West” (Sect. 1.1); “Emotions (Jeong/Qing情) in the Chinese Tradition: Textual, Philosophical, Ethical, and Religious” (Sect. 1.2); “Emotions in the Buddhist Tradition” (Sect. 1.3); and Emotions (Jeong/Qing情) in Korean Philosophy and Religion” (Sect. 1.4). The first three sections of this chapter efficiently serve as a helpful textual, philosophical, ethical, and religious background of Koreanjeong情 studies. The fourth section introduces Korean Confucian, comparative, contemporary, and Buddhist perspectives according to their leading thinkers, ideas, and implications with respect to Korean life and experience. This last section also outlines all three main parts of the book as well as all chapters of each part.
Conclusion: The Diversity, Dynamics, and Distinctiveness of Korean Jeong
Authors: Chung Edward Y. J. , Oh Jea Sophia
Published: July 2022

Chapter1is the editors’ comprehensive introduction to this volume and serves as a textual, philosophical, ethical, and religious background of our studies of Korean emotions (jeong情). This concluding chapter presents “the diversity, dynamics, and distinctiveness of Koreanjeong.” It integrates, articulates, and concludes the introductory chapter as well as all eleven chapters of three main parts. We discuss Confucian, comparative, Buddhist, and contemporary ideas, perspectives, and implications by addressing the holistic theme ofjeongemotions also in relation to the distinctively Korean moral, social, and psychological experiences of human life and culture. We hope to develop fruitful concluding remarks and thought-provoking insights.
The Idea of Gyeong/Jing 敬 in Yi Toegye’s Korean Neo-Confucianism and Its Availability in Contemporary Ethical Debate
Authors: Choi Suk Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Gyeong 敬 (jing in Chinese) is one of the most significant notions in the Korean Neo-Confucian philosophy of emotion. First, I will examine the meaning of gyeong and its relation to emotions within Korean Neo-Confucian discussion on human nature, mind-heart, virtue, self-cultivation, and emotion. I will note mainly how Toegye Yi Hwang (退溪 李滉1501–1570) understood Zhu Xi’s idea of jing and systemized it in his philosophy. Second, I will be especially concerned with showing that the notion of gyeong can play a distinctive role in contemporary Western discourse on emotion, morality, and virtue.
Thinking Through the Emotions with Korean Confucianism: Philosophical Translation and the Four-Seven Debate
Authors: Harroff Joseph E.
Published: July 2022

The complex fields of emotional experience and embodied moral subjectivity are engaged in the context of the Four-Seven Debate in Korean Confucianism. This chapter suggests some fertile ground for further philosophical and historical research regarding the uniqueness of Korean Confucian thinking through the emotions and embodied ethical cultivation. Taking a cue from Yi Toegye on the importance of “reverent attention” as cultivatedhabitus, the importance of somaesthetic culture in transforming sedimented structures of feeling in order to become more inclusive and appreciative of diverse values is appealed to in a cosmopolitan horizon as a source of hope and creative intelligence.
Entanglement entropies of an interval in the free Schrödinger field theory at finite density
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Pontello Diego , Sartori Alberto , Tonni Erik
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We study the entanglement entropies of an interval on the infinite line in the free fermionic spinless Schrödinger field theory at finite density and zero temperature, which is a non-relativistic model with Lifshitz exponent z = 2. We prove that the entanglement entropies are finite functions of one dimensionless parameter proportional to the area of a rectangular region in the phase space determined by the Fermi momentum and the length of the interval. The entanglement entropy is a monotonically increasing function. By employing the properties of the prolate spheroidal wave functions of order zero or the asymptotic expansions of the tau function of the sine kernel, we find analytic expressions for the expansions of the entanglement entropies in the asymptotic regimes of small and large area of the rectangular region in the phase space. These expansions lead to prove that the analogue of the relativistic entropic C function is not monotonous. Extending our analyses to a class of free fermionic Lifshitz models labelled by their integer dynamical exponent z, we find that the parity of this exponent determines the properties of the bipartite entanglement for an interval on the line.
Characterizing the kinetics of presepsin and associated inflammatory biomarkers in human endotoxemia
Authors: Aulin Linda B. S. , Kleijburg Anne , Moerland Matthijs , van Hasselt J. G. Coen
Published: July 2022

In this study, we describe the kinetics of a new potential inflammatory biomarker, presepsin, together with a panel of well-established biomarkers in a human endotoxemia study. We evaluated biomarker correlations and identified combinations that could hold valuable insights regarding the state of infection.
Gewalt gegen Rettungsdienstpersonal
Authors: Leuschner Fredericke , Herr Anne T. , Lutz Paulina , Fecher Lena , Selzer Michaela
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel

Angriffe gegen Rettungsdienstpersonal werden zwar medial und politisch vermehrt diskutiert, was sich auch in politischen Initiativen und Gesetzesänderungen widerspiegelt, die wissenschaftliche Studienlage in Deutschland ist allerdings noch lückenhaft und zeichnet insbesondere hinsichtlich der Prävalenzen solcher Vorfälle kein einheitliches Bild. Der vorliegende Artikel widmet sich einerseits den Prävalenzen, andererseits werden situative Eskalationsfaktoren sowie Folgen der Vorfälle und Wünsche der Einsatzkräfte in Bezug auf Angriffe dargelegt.

Methoden

Mittels eines Mixed-Methods-Ansatzes, der eine Langzeitbefragung zu den Häufigkeiten von Gewaltdelikten in Form eines Onlinefragebogens und qualitative Interviews mit Expert*innen und Betroffenen umfasst, wurde Rettungsdienstpersonal im Zeitraum von Mai bis August 2021 befragt.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigt sich, dass Angriffe, insbesondere verbaler Art, zum Arbeitsalltag von Rettungsdienstpersonal gehören. Im Durchschnitt wurden wöchentlich 29 % der Befragten beleidigt, belästigt oder verbal bedroht. Aber auch körperlichen Angriffen waren pro Woche durchschnittlich 8 % der Befragten ausgesetzt. Gleichzeitig wird hinsichtlich der Nachbetreuung und bezüglich der Ausbildungslage der Wunsch nach Anpassungen und Änderungen betont.

Diskussion

Eine Ausbildung sowie Schulungen, die für Gefahren sensibilisieren, Deeskalationsansätze in den Blick nehmen und Eigensicherung thematisieren, könnten das Risiko von Angriffen und somit Belastungen dieser Art im Berufsalltag senken.
Long-Term Outcomes of the 150 mm Drug-Coated Balloon Cohort from the IN.PACT Global Study
Authors: Brodmann Marianne , Lansink Wouter , Guetl Katharina , Micari Antonio , Menk Jeremiah , Zeller Thomas
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Data on the long-term safety and effectiveness of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) for the treatment of long femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions in the real-world setting are rare. This study reports 3 year and 5 year outcomes of the pre-specified 150 mm balloon sub-cohort of the IN.PACT Global Study.

Methods

The IN.PACT Global Study was a prospective, multicentre, international, single-arm study evaluating the performance of the IN.PACT Admiral DCB in real-world patients with femoropopliteal atherosclerotic disease. This pre-specified 150 mm DCB cohort analysis comprised 107 participants (111 lesions) with all target lesions treated with at least one 150 mm DCB.

Results

Mean lesion length was 20.3 ± 9.2 cm; 18.0% had in-stent restenosis, 58.6% were totally occluded, and 17.1% were severely calcified. Through 60 months, the Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) was 72.7% [95% confidence interval (CI):62.4%–80.5%]. The safety composite endpoint (freedom from device/procedure-related death through 30 days; freedom from target limb major amputation and clinically driven target vessel revascularization through 5 years) was 70.5%. The cumulative incidence of major amputation was 1.0% and all-cause mortality was 18.4% through 60 months. Freedom from CD-TLR rates in the provisional stented and non-stented subgroups through 36 months were 64.0% [95% CI: 46.1%–77.3%] and 81.9% [95% CI: 69.7%–89.6%] (log-rank p = 0.074), respectively.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate sustained long-term safety of the 150 mm IN.PACT Admiral DCB for long femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions in real-world patients. In particular, the results show that DCB angioplasty is an effective revascularization modality in long complex lesions. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01609296.

Level of Evidence.

Level 3, Cohort Study.
Xanthophyll cycles in the juniper haircap moss (Polytrichum juniperinum) and Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) on Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica)
Authors: García-Plazaola José Ignacio , López-Pozo Marina , Fernández-Marín Beatriz
Published: July 2022

The summer climate in Maritime Antarctica is characterised by high humidity and cloudiness with slightly above zero temperatures. Under such conditions, photosynthetic activity is temperature-limited and plant communities are formed by a few species. These conditions could prevent the operation of the photoprotective xanthophyll (VAZ) cycle as low irradiance reduces the excess of energy and low temperatures limit enzyme activity. The VAZ cycle regulates the dissipation of the excess of absorbed light as heat, which is the main mechanism of photoprotection in plants. To test whether this mechanism operates dynamically in Antarctic plant communities, we characterised pigment dynamics under natural field conditions in two representative species: the moss Polytrichum juniperinum and the grass Deschampsia antarctica. Pigment analyses revealed that the total VAZ pool was in the upper range of the values reported for most plant species, suggesting that they are exposed to a high degree of environmental stress. Despite cloudiness, there was a strong conversion of violaxanthin (V) to zeaxanthin (Z) during daytime. Conversely, the dark-induced enzymatic epoxidation back to V was not limited by nocturnal temperatures. In contrast with plants from other cold ecosystems, we did not find any evidence of overnight retention of Z or sustained reductions in photochemical efficiency. These results are of interest for modelling, remote sensing and upscaling of the responses of Antarctic vegetation to environmental challenges.
Hyper-radiosensitivity affects low-dose acute myeloid leukemia incidence in a mathematical model
Authors: Stouten Sjors , Balkenende Ben , Roobol Lars , Lunel Sjoerd Verduyn , Badie Christophe , Dekkers Fieke
Published: July 2022

In vitro experiments show that the cells possibly responsible for radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) exhibit low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS). In these cells, HRS is responsible for excess cell killing at low doses. Besides the endpoint of cell killing, HRS has also been shown to stimulate the low-dose formation of chromosomal aberrations such as deletions. Although HRS has been investigated extensively, little is known about the possible effect of HRS on low-dose cancer risk. In CBA mice, rAML can largely be explained in terms of a radiation-induced Sfpi1 deletion and a point mutation in the remaining Sfpi1 gene copy. The aim of this paper is to present and quantify possible mechanisms through which HRS may influence low-dose rAML incidence in CBA mice. To accomplish this, a mechanistic rAML CBA mouse model was developed to study HRS-dependent AML onset after low-dose photon irradiation. The rAML incidence was computed under the assumptions that target cells: (1) do not exhibit HRS; (2) HRS only stimulates cell killing; or (3) HRS stimulates cell killing and the formation of the Sfpi1 deletion. In absence of HRS (control), the rAML dose-response curve can be approximated with a linear-quadratic function of the absorbed dose. Compared to the control, the assumption that HRS stimulates cell killing lowered the rAML incidence, whereas increased incidence was observed at low doses if HRS additionally stimulates the induction of the Sfpi1 deletion. In conclusion, cellular HRS affects the number of surviving pre-leukemic cells with an Sfpi1 deletion which, depending on the HRS assumption, directly translates to a lower/higher probability of developing rAML. Low-dose HRS may affect cancer risk in general by altering the probability that certain mutations occur/persist.
A longitudinal 18F-FDG PET/MRI study in asymptomatic stage of genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease linked to G114V mutation
Authors: Chu Min , Chen Zhongyun , Nie Binbin , Liu Li , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue , Chen Kewei , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Wu Liyong
Published: July 2022

Background

Pathogenic prion protein may start to deposit in some brain regions and cause functional alterations in the asymptomatic stage in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The study aims to determine the trajectory of the brain metabolic changes for prion protein diseases at the preclinical stage.

Methods

At baseline, we enrolled five asymptomatic PRNP G114V mutation carriers, six affected genetic PRNP E200K CJD patients and 23 normal controls. All participants completed clinical, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) examinations. Longitudinal follow-up was completed in five asymptomatic mutation carriers. We set three-time points to identify the changing trajectory in the asymptomatic carriers group including baseline, 2-year and 4-year follow-up.

Results

At baseline, DWI signals, the cerebral glucose standardized uptake value rate ratio (SUVR) and clinical status in 5 asymptomatic cases were normal. At the follow-up period, mild hypometabolism on PET images was found in asymptomatic carriers without any DWI abnormal signal. Further group quantitatively analysis showed hypometabolic brain regions in the asymptomatic genetic CJD group were in the insula, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes in 4-year follow-up. The SUVR changing trajectories of all asymptomatic cases were within the range between the normal controls and affected patients. Notably, the SUVR of one asymptomatic individual whose baseline age was older showed a rapid decline at the last follow-up.

Conclusions

Our study illustrates that the neurodegenerative process associated with genetic CJD may initiate before the clinical presentation of the disease.