bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURVEY OF BACTERIA AND PESTS OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (AFRICAN CATFISH) OBTAINED FROM IKPAYONGO, ABINSI AND DAUDU MARKETS
Authors: S. OMEJI , R.A. OBANDE , I.I. YUSUF
Published: March 2022

Survey of bacteria and pests of smoked Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) obtained from selected Markets (Ikpayongo, Abinsi and Daudu Markets) in Benue State Nigeria was carried out. Of the markets where the survey was carried out, microbial population count was highest in Daudu market (6.26±0.29) while the least (6.14±0.56) was recorded for Ikpayongo market. Of the 9 isolates (Shigella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp, Esherichia coli, Streptococcus sp, Micrococcus sp and Enterobacter sp) while Bacillus sp has the highest mean population count from Abinsi market, highest mean population counts (7.75±0.25 and 7.67±0.20) were recorded for Shigella sp from Daudu and Ikpayongo markets, respectively. The lowest mean population counts (4.15±3.45), (4.45±0.05) and (5.75±0.25) were recorded for Streptopcoccus sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli, respectively. Highest mean fungi population counts (6.82±0.63) was recorded for Daudu markets while the least (6.28±0.65) was recorded for Abinsi market. Of the six (6) fungi isolates (Penecillium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp, Aspergillus fumigates, and Rhizopus sp), highest mean fungi population count (8.65±0.15), (8.80±0.30) and (8.65±0.15) were recorded for Aspergillus sp from Abinsi, Daudu and Ikpayongo markets, respectively while the lowest (2.56±0.20), (2.64±0.03) and (2.61±0.70) mean fungi population counts were recorded for Rhizopus sp from Abinsi, Daudu and Ikpayongo markets, respectively. Highest mean bacterial count (6.87±0.05) was recorded for Daudu market while lowest mean bacterial count (6.27±0.01) was recorded for Ikpayongo market. Also, while highest mean fungi count (6.77±0.01) was recorded for Daudu market, the lowest (6.21±0.01) was recorded for Abinsi market. Three species of pest (Blow flies, Necrobiarufibes and Dermestes maculate) were observed during the study period. Of the three species of pest, the highest percentage (%) frequency of occurrence (12.00), (38.00%) and (55.60%) were recorded for Blow flies, Necrobia rufibes and Necrobia rufibes from Abinsi, Daudu and Ikpayongo markets, respectively while the lowest (11.00%), (11.00%) and (11.50%) were recorded for Necrobia rufibes, Blow flies and Blow flies from Abinsi, Daudu and Ikpayongo markets, respectively. Generally, Necrobia rufibes was most prevalent while blow flies were the least abundant pest observed.
PHYTOTOXIC ACTION OF Machaerium amplum BENTH. LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Tahira Luciana Sayuri , Torres Priscila , Ferreira Marcelo José Pena , Tangerina Marcelo Marucci P. , Santos-Lima Daniélle , Kamikawachi Renan Canute , Vilegas Wagner , Sartori Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori , Sannomiya Miriam
Published: March 2022

The indiscriminate use of herbicides can guide to some environmental damages. Thus, the search for alternative bioherbicides from natural sources with biodegradable properties and less toxicity to the microbiota is essential. The focus of this work is the chemistry and phytotoxic study of the hydroethanolic extract of Machaerium amplum Benth. leaves. The chemical study by FIA-ESIIT-MSn experiments allowed the detection of apigenin and luteolin C-glycoside derivatives, quinic acid, the A-type proanthocyanidin dimer and trimer, and a saponin Soyasapogenol B type. Phytotoxicity assays were performed with the extract and a group of fractions against tomato and onion seeds under the parameters of germination, hypocotyl growth, and root length. The extract showed a 70% of inhibition effect at 0.8 mg.mL-1 on tomato root length. For the onion seeds, the percentual of inhibition was 65% at 0.4 mg.mL-1 . All groups of fractions tested showed significant inhibition on tomato seedling root length at 0.8 mg.mL-1 . The flavonoids fraction showed interesting activity at 0.4 mg.mL-1 . The same fraction showed a percentage of inhibition above 50% at 0.2 mg.mL-1 on onion seedling root length. This activity may be associated with the C-flavones presence in this fraction. According to the ecotoxicity test with Artemia salina Leach, the extract presents no toxicity at the concentrations tested, and no antimicrobial activity against Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus, thus reinforcing the potential of the extract.
SAMBUTAN PENGGUNA SABAH TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST) DAN TANGGAPAN TERHADAP KESAN KOS KEHIDUPAN
Authors: Adnan Mohd. Hamdan bin
Published: March 2022

Tinjauan sambutan pelaksanaan Goods and Services Tax (GST) dalam kalangan pengguna Sabah serta persepsi akibatnya terhadap kualiti kehidupan mereka dibuat bagi mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi kesannya terhadap mereka yang menanggungnya di Negeri di Bawah Bayu. Kajian ini juga dibuat bagi mengetahui pendapat pengguna berkenaan pelaksanaan GST. Turut dikaji ialah keberkesanan kempen penerangan GST yang dibuat oleh pelbagai pihak yang termasuk media massa. Walaupun kaya dengan sumber semula jadi, Sabah merupakan antara negeri termiskin di Malaysia. Pendapatan penggunanya dianggap terendah, sedangkan kos sara hidupnya lebih tinggi daripada kebanyakan negeri di Malaysia. Bahkan, gaji minimum di Sabah adalah RM800 berbanding sebanyak RM900 di Semenanjung. Begitu juga dengan prasarana komunikasi di negeri ini tidaklah sebaik seperti di Semenanjung Malaysia.
BINAAN MODUL PENGAJARAN-PEMBELAJARAN SOMPOTON SANDAD (ALAT MUZIK TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT KADAZANDUSUN, SABAH)
Authors: Dainal Elvin
Published: March 2022

Pada masa lalu, alat muzik tradisional sompoton sandad telah dimainkan oleh masyarakat Kadazandusun sebagai simbol perpaduan semasa karamaian (perayaan) untuk mengiringi tarian Sumazau. Walau bagaimanapun, kesedaran tentang pengajaran-pembelajaran alat muzik tradisional kaum Kadazandusun dalam kalangan generasi muda pada masa kini kurang dipraktikkan. Tambahan pula, generasi muda mudah dipengaruhi untuk belajar dan bermain alat muzik Barat. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk membina modul sebagai penambahbaikan kepada pengajaran-pembelajaran untuk alat muzik sompoton sandad. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah menerusi analisis kaedah dan pendekatan sedia ada dan menjalankan eksperimen untuk melihat sejauh mana keberkesanan binaan modul oleh pengkaji ini terhadap responden. Hasil dapatan pengkaji mendapati bahawa modul yang dibina oleh pengkaji lebih efektif dalam pengajaran-pembelajaran sompoton sandad termasuk pembaharuan sistem muzik bernombor, memperkenalkan teori muzik asas, latihan muzik ringkas (Etudes), rekod prestasi mingguan dan bermain pelbagai lagu-lagu tradisional Kadazandusun yang ditulis dalam bentuk skor.
 
In the past, the traditional music instrument sompoton sandad was played by the Kadazandusun community as a symbol of unity during karamaian (festival), to accompany Sumazau dance. However, the awareness of teachinglearning the traditional Kadazandusun musical instrument of Sompoton Sandad among the young generation nowadays is lacked. Thus, the young generation are influenced more to learn and playing western musical instrument. The main objective of this research is to develop a module as to improve the teaching-learning process for the musical instrument of Sompoton Sandad. The methodology in this paper is to analyze the current teaching-learning model and conduct an experiment to see the effectiveness of the developed module to the respondent. The finding shows that the module develop by the researcher is more effective in teaching-learning of Sompoton Sandad incuding the standard music numbering system (chipper notation), the introduction of fundamental music theory, the etudes practice goal, weekly progress record, and play various traditional Kadazandusun song numbers that is written in skor
MANAGEMENT STYLES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MALAYSIA: A RECENT SURVEY
Authors: Zakaria Noor Syakirah , Hashim Mohd Khairuddin
Published: March 2022

Management styles have received much attention as a field of study as well as practice. However, as an area of research, the literature review reveals that limited studies have attempted to investigate the management styles embraced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially in the Malaysian context. This study attempted to address this research issue. Data for the study was collected from 186 SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector by using structured questionnaires. The analyzed data gathered from the SMEs suggest that these firms adopted five styles of management. Among the management styles identified in the study includes; autocratic, participative, nurturance task, paternalistic and laissez-faire.
MAJIKAN PILIHAN: PERANAN GENDER DALAM PEMILIHAN MAJIKAN
Authors: Ishak Rosnah
Published: March 2022

Budaya kerja cemerlang memerlukan jalinan kerjasama yang baik dan padu antara majikan dan pekerja. Jalinan kerjasama ini merupakan elemen penting yang dapat membawa perubahan positif kepada kemajuan organisasi. Hubungan harmoni antara majikan dengan pekerja dapat mewujudkan persekitaran kerja yang merangsang pekerja untuk bekerja dengan lebih baik. Keadaan ini menguntungkan kedua-dua pihak iaitu majikan dan pekerja. Justeru, penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang majikan yang menjadi pilihan pekerja, selain bertujuan memahami bagaimana gender berperanan dalam pemilihan tersebut. Menjadi majikan pilihan adalah antara strategi yang boleh membantu organisasi menguruskan jangkaan pekerja semasa dan bakal hubungan pekerjaan mereka. Maklum balas daripada 76 orang responden dikumpulkan melalui temu bual berstruktur. Seramai 49 orang responden adalah wanita, manakala 27 orang lagi adalah lelaki. Mereka adalah pekerja pada peringkat umur 14 hingga 35 tahun dan memiliki pengalaman bekerja selama tiga bulan sehingga sembilan tahun dalam organisasi terakhir. Responden dipilih berdasarkan persampelan mudah (convenient sampling) daripada tujuh kategori organisasi perniagaan, iaitu 1) kedai pakaian, 2) kedai makanan segera, 3) stesen minyak, 4) restoran, 5) kedai serbaneka, 6) perkhidmatan telekomunikasi dan 7) pasar raya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan majoriti pekerja memilih majikan dalam kalangan gender lelaki berbanding wanita. Alasan pemilihan tersebut dibincangkan dalam empat kategori, iaitu 1) pekerja lelaki yang memilih majikan lelaki, 2) pekerja lelaki yang memilih majikan wanita, 3) pekerja wanita yang memilih majikan lelaki dan 4) pekerja wanita yang memilih majikan wanita. Merujuk kepada bagaimana pekerja lelaki dan wanita melihat majikan mereka, kedua-dua perbezaan dan persamaan ditemui. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan agar majikan memaksimumkan kelebihan dari segi gender untuk menarik individuÂ berbakat serta mengekal dan meningkatkan prestasi pekerja yang berbakat dalam organisasi kerja.
Pergerakan Kesatuan Sekerja Di Sabah Pada Era Pra Malaysia Hingga Tahun 1999
Authors: Ibrahim Dzurizah
Published: March 2022

Kesatuan sekerja memainkan peranan penting dalam mewakili kepentingan pekerja dalam pelbagai aspek, khususnya kepentingan ekonomi dan sosial pekerja. Kebajikan para pekerja cuma akan terpelihara jika mereka bersatu padu dan bergerak secara kolektif. Perjuangan terhadap upah dan peningkatan taraf hidup sudah bermula seawal bermulanya sejarah revolusi industri di Eropah. Di Sabah, perkembangan kesatuan sekerja juga sudah wujud sebelum era penubuhan Malaysia. Pergerakan kesatuan sekerja di Sabah sememangnya agak penting bila dilihat daripada perspektif sistem hubungan industrinya. Hal yang jelas ialah kebangkitan pergerakan kesatuan sekerja yang meningkat sejak tahun 1962 hingga tahun 1999 sememangnya menunjukkan satu pertumbuhan penting dalam arena hubungan industri di Sabah. Justeru, makalah ini ditulis bersandarkan kajian awal tentang pergerakan kesatuan sekerja di Sabah sejak tahun 1962 (sebelum menyertai Malaysia) hinggalah tahun 1999. Takrif kesatuan sekerja, model kesatuan sekerja serta perkembangan pendaftaran kesatuan, jenis kesatuan yang wujud serta densiti keahlian dalam tempoh antara 1962 hingga 1999 dalam konteks negeri Sabah akan menjadi fokus perbincangan.
The Sources Of Export Competitiveness: The Case Of Malaysia Estate Natural Rubber Sector, 1997-1990
Authors: Alias Mohammad Haji , Suleiman Habibah
Published: March 2022

Refer to the galley
Agenda Baru Keselamatan Di Era Pasca Perang Dingin?
Authors: Abdullah Kamarulnizam
Published: March 2022

Refer to the galley
HUBUNGAN KEMAHIRAN KEUSAHAWANAN, KEMAHIRAN PENGURUSAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN SEPANJANG HAYAT TERHADAP KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR KRITIKAL PELAJAR TINGKATAN ENAM
Authors: Rayung Mohd Nasir , Ambotang Abdul Said
Published: March 2022

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung faktor keupayaan imaginasi, motivasi kendiri dan pembentukan makna terhadap kemahiran berfikir pelajar tingkatan enam di daerah Tawau. Kajian ini melibatkan 322 orang pelajar yang dipilih secara rawak sebagai sampel kajian. Instrumen kajian ini diubah suai daripada Instrumen Kemahiran Generik Malaysia (MaGSI). Analisis data kajian dijalankan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) dan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan langsung yang signifikan antara kemahiran pengurusan dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat terhadap kemahiran berfikir kritikal pelajar. Sementara itu, kemahiran keusahawanan menunjukkan hubungan langsung yang tidak signifikan kepada kemahiran berfikir kritikal pelajar. Walau bagaimanapun, kemahiran keusahawanan menunjukkan hubungan tidak langsung yang signifikan terhadap kemahiran berfikir kritikal apabila digabungkan dengan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan variabel kemahiran pengurusan dan kemahiran keusahawanan menyumbang 39 peratus kepada pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Ketiga-tiga variabel bebas ini menyumbang 50 peratus kepada kemahiran berfikir kritikal pelajar. Implikasi kajian ini kelak diharap dapat mengukuhkan teori dan amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran untuk membantu meningkatkan kemahiran berfikir kritikal dalam kalangan pelajar khususnya pelajar tingkatan enam.Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the direct and indirect relationship of the factors of imagination, self-motivation and the imagination capability towards thinking skills among form six students in Tawau district. The study involved 322 students randomly selected as a sample of the study. This research instrument is modified from Malaysian Generic Skills Instrument (MaGSI). Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software. The findings show that there is a significant direct relationship between management skills and lifelong learning to students' critical thinking skills. While entrepreneurship skills show a direct relationship that is not significant to students' critical thinking skills. However, entrepreneurial skills demonstrate a significant indirect relationship to critical thinking skills combined with lifelong learning. The findings also show that the variable of management skills and entrepreneurial skills contribute 39 per cent to lifelong learning. While these three independent variables contribute 50 per cent to students' critical thinking skills. The implication of this study will hopefully reinforce the teaching and learning theory and practice to help improve critical thinking skills among students, especially the form six students.
IKONOGRAFI MOTIF PADA SENJATA TRADISIONAL GAYANG ETNIK BAJAU SAMA DI KOTA BELUD
Authors: Musa Mohd Farit Azamuddin , Jusilin Humin
Published: March 2022

AbstrakEtnik Bajau merupakan etnik kedua terbesar di Kota Belud. DI daerah ini, sebahagian petaninya menjalankan kegiatan pertanian dan penternakan untuk meneruskan kelangsungan hidup. Bagi kaum lelaki, senjata amat penting dalam kehidupan seharian kerana kegunaannya sebagai alat untuk memburu, bercucuk tanam dan utiliti harian. Jenis senjata yang dihasilkan ialah pidaâ€™ (parang pendek), guk (parang), lading (pisau), keris, kagayan (parang panjang), beladau (parang jenis sabit) dan gayang (pedang). Fungsi pidaâ€™, guk beladau dan lading lazimnya digunakan untuk aktiviti harian seperti bercucuk tanam dan memburu. Karis, kagayan, dan gayang pula digunakan sebagai alat untuk mempertahankan diri. Setiap senjata memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Walaupun begitu, setiap senjata yang ditempa boleh dimanipulasi sebagai senjata untuk melindungi diri daripada ancaman bahaya terutamanya daripada haiwan buas dan berbisa. Pelbagai jenis motif dan hiasan pada senjata melalui olahan idea yang diambil daripada persekitaran mereka. Tujuan kajian ini dihasilkan adalah untuk meneliti bentuk dan motif pada senjata tradisional dari segi visual dan istilahnya. Kajian lapangan (fieldwork) dijalankan di daerah Kota Belud khususnya di Kampung Siasai Jaya, Kampung Siasai Dundau, Kampung Siasai Kumpang, dan Kampung Tengkurus. Data yang diperolehi adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan mengaplikasi indikator teori ikonografi daripada Panofsky (1939). Penelitian tentang data kajian melalui tiga peringkat iaitu identifikasi, analisis formalistik dan interpretasi makna. Motif yang dikenal pasti terbahagi kepada dua kategori iaitu bersifat organik dan geometri yang merangkumi motif flora, fauna, dan alam sekitar. Pengkaji juga melakukan pengesahan data bersama beberapa informan. Langkah ini bertujuan agar bentuk dan motif serta makna dalam nilai budaya etnik ini betul dan selaras dengan maklumat yang telah diberikan.
KOMUNITI SULUK DAN PERSOALAN MIGRASI: â€˜SIRIH PULANG KE GAGANGâ€™
Authors: Maraining Amrullah , Othman Zaini , Radzi Marsitah Mohd , Abdul Rahim Md Saffie
Published: March 2022

AbstrakKomuniti Suluk Sabah merupakan salah satu daripada 32 kelompok etnik yang diiktiraf sebagai peribumi Sabah. Walaupun memegang status sebagai peribumi, keberadaan komuniti ini di Sabah sebelum pembentukan Malaysia 1963 bahkan sejak ratusan tahun lalu dilihat masih tidak cukup untuk mengubah perspektif sosiologikal yang kebanyakannya menganggap etnik Suluk sebagai kelompok bermigrasi atau dalam erti kata yang lebih kasar disebut 'pendatang Filipina'. Menyedari peri pentingnya hal tersebut, makalah ini menggunakan data temu bual yang diperoleh melalui focus group discusion (FGD) dengan komuniti Suluk di Lahad Datu bagi merungkai bagaimana terbitnya konotasi negatif berkait identiti komuniti Suluk ekoran kurangnya kefahaman dalam kalangan masyakat hari ini tentang epistemologi migrasi dan latar belakang sejarah Sabah secara terperinci.

AbstractThe Suluk community is one of the 32 ethnic groups recognised as the natives of Sabah. Despite their status as indigenous peoples and their existence in Sabah long before the formation of Malaysia in 1963, i.e. since hundreds of years ago, the sociological perspective on them remains unchanged. Many still regard the Suluk community as a migrant group or harshly they are labelled as 'Filipino immigrants'. Upon the realisation of the importance of this issue, this paper uses data collected through the interview in focus group discussions (FGD) with the Suluk community in Lahad Datu. The purpose of the interview is to investigate how those negative connotations associated with the identity of the Suluk community are established. The findings show that the negative connotation is due to a lack of understanding among the present generation on the epistemology of migration as well as lack of knowledge on the history of Sabah.
IMEJAN HAIWAN DALAM KARTUN LERANG LANGKAWIT MELALUI PENDEKATAN IKONOGRAFI
Authors: WONG OSCAR GORDON , NORDIN FARAH NABILA BINTI
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK Penulisan Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis fungsi imej haiwan dalam menghubungkaitkan isu-isu semasa melalui kartun lerang Langkawit. Skop kajian dihadkan kepada empat karya terpilih imej haiwan dalam kartun lerang mengikut tema. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Erwin Panofsky (1955) dalam memahami lapisan makna karya kartun lerang oleh Langkawit, sekali gus mencapai objektif kajian. Maklumat berkaitan hasil daripada koleksi kartun Langkawit didapati melalui pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder menerusi Kadazandusun Language Foudation (KLF), bahan bercetak seperti rujukan perpustakaan dan Arkib Negeri Sabah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa imej haiwan dalam kartun lerang Langkawit mempunyai simbolik yang berfungsi untuk memberi gambaran atau kritikan tentang nilai-nilai sosiobudaya, pendidikan, alam dan politik. Saluran imej haiwan karya Langkawit ini juga menjadi alat kiasan dan komunikasi yang berfungsi menilai sesuatu isu, di samping menjadi senjata teguran khususnya di Sabah.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyze the function of animal images in linking current issues through Langkawitâ€™s strip cartoons. The scope of the study is limited to four selected works of animal images in the cartoon by theme. This study adopts the approach of Erwin Panofsky (1955) in understanding the layers of the illustration of the cartoon by Langkawit as well as achieving the objective of the study. The information related to the Langkawit cartoon collection was obtained through primary and secondary data collection through Kadazandusun Language Foundation (KLF), printed materials such as library references and Sabah State Archives. The research findings demontrate that animal images in Langkawitâ€™s strip cartoons convey some elements of symbolism, functioning to illustrate or criticize sociocultural values, education, nature, and politics. Langkawitâ€™s animal images also serve as a communication and metaphorical tools that function to assess certain issues as well as a reprimand weapon, especially in Sabah.
DASAR KESELAMATAN MAKANAN DI SABAH, MALAYSIA: KAJIAN KES JELAPANG PADI DI DAERAH KOTA BELUD
Authors: TAHIR SITI HADAWIAH , ABD TALIP MUSTAPA
Published: March 2022

Krisis bekalan makanan yang berlaku pada tahun 2008 telah memberi impak yang sangat besar kepada isu keselamatan makanan. Krisis bekalan makanan yang melanda kebanyakan negara Asia telah merungkai permasalahan akibat kebergantungan yang tinggi terhadap beras import sebagai makanan ruji penduduk. Kenaikan harga dan kekurangan beras dalam perdagangan antarabangsa telah menjadi tumpuan kerajaan untuk memastikan jaminan terhadap bekalan makanan. Oleh itu, matlamat kajian ini adalah memfokuskan dasar kerajaan dalam membangunkan industri padi dan beras khususnya kawasan jelapang padi di daerah Kota Belud. Ekoran kenaikan harga beras dalam perdagangan antarabangsa, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani Malaysia telah mengkategorikan sawah padi kepada tiga kategori iaitu K1, K2, dan K3 untuk mencari jalan penyelesaian dalam mengurangkan kebergantungan terhadap beras import. Berdasarkan matlamat dan peruntukan bagi pembangunan pertanian padi di daerah Kota Belud, hasil pengeluaran padi bagi kawasan jelapang padi dapat ditingkatkan bermula tahun 2008 hingga 2018. Hasil dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa peranan kerajaan amat penting dalam menjamin keselamatan makanan sekali gus mengatasi kebergantungan import beras negara.
 
Food crisis that occurred in 2008 had a huge impact on food security issues. The food crisis that has plagued many Asian countries has raised concerns over high dependence on imported rice, a staple food for people. The price increases and rice deficiency in the international trade has forced the government to focus in ensuring food security. Therefore, the aim of this study is focusing on government’s policy on developing rice industry especially in Kota Belud district paddy field area. Due to rising of rice prices in international trade, Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, has categorized paddy field into three categories namely K1, K2 and K3 to find a solution to reduce the dependence on imported rice. Based on the goals and provisions for paddy field development in Kota Belud, production of rice can be upgraded from 2008 to 2018. The findings also show that the role of government is important in ensuring food security while at the same time overcoming the dependence on the country’s rice imports.
RUMAH LIMAS RUMAH PUSAKA
Authors: ACHIE NORDI
Published: March 2022

RUMAH LIMAS RUMAH PUSAKA
ARE BANKS AND STOCK MARKET COMPETE OR COMPLEMENT RELATIONSHIP?: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE PHILIPPINE, MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE
Authors: SAMSUDDIN SHAFWANA , HOCK TSEN WONG
Published: March 2022

Based on the previous studies, a few researchers mentioned the two strings of problems that are preventing the ability of firms in a country from securing the financing to develop those firms. Among the common problems faced by firms are ‘certification-friction’ and ‘financing-friction’. ‘Certification-friction’ occurs when firms’ quality of credit information is incomplete, while ‘financing-friction’ arose when a firm had to bear hefty refinancing loans from other parties. A complementary relationship between banks and stock markets is essential to solving the problem of ‘certification-friction’ and ‘financing-friction’. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between banks and stock markets, whether they are competing or complementing each other. This study will focus on low, middle and high-level income countries. The indicators used are credit domestic for the private sector as a percentage of GDP, market capitalisation as a percentage of GDP, treasury bills, and broad money as a percentage of GDP and inflation. Annual time series data over the period from 1989 until 2018, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) testing approaches, as an analytical technique, are used. Banks and stock markets complemented each other when the result shows a positive relationship and vice versa. Thus, the empirical findings of this study expect banks and stock markets in selected countries to show a positive relationship.
SUMBANGAN PENGETAHUAN KANDUNGAN, DAYA KREATIVITI DAN INOVATIF TERHADAP EFIKASI KENDIRI GURU DALAM PENGAJARAN EKONOMI DI SABAH
Authors: AMBOTANG ABDUL SAID , ANDIN CHRISTINA
Published: March 2022

Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti sumbangan langsung dan langsung pemboleh ubah daya kreativiti dan inovatif dan pengetahuan konten ke atas efikasi kendiri guru Ekonomi. Seramai 536 pelajar tingkatan enam di negeri Sabah telah terpilih dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan pensampelan rawak mudah. Objektif kajian dijawab menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif bukan eksperimen. Teori PCK Shulman dan Teori Bandura menjadi sandaran utama untuk membina soal selidik yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Perisian SPSS dan AMOS digunakan untuk menganalisis data dan laluan antara pemboleh ubah yang terpilih. Dapatan ujian regresi berganda membuktikan terdapatnya sumbangan pemboleh ubah bebas terhadap pemboleh ubah yang diuji. Keputusan ujian analisis laluan juga membuktikan bahawa pengetahuan kandungan, daya kreativiti dan inovatif guru Ekonomi menunjukkan wujudnya pengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung ke atas tahap efikasi kendiri guru Ekonomi yang terlibat. Keputusan analisis kesepadanan model persamaan struktural (SEM) selepas modifikasi pula, menunjukkan 83.6% varians variabel bebas menyumbang terhadap efikasi kendiri guru Ekonomi. Keputusan ini menunjukkan terdapat kesesuaian kebolehpercayaan model pengukuran dalam model persamaan struktural (SEM) yang dihasilkan dalam kajian ini.
 
The main purpose of this study is to identify the direct and indirect contribution of content knowledge, creativity and innovation to the self-efficacy of Economics teachers in the teaching process. The total of 536 form six students representing the entire state of Sabah were selected using simple random sampling. This study is a non-experimental quantitative study using the survey method to answer the research objectives. The questionnaire used was developed based on Shulman's PCK theory and Bandura's theory which is the basis of this study. The SPSS Software and AMOS are used to analyze data and path between selected variables. Multiple regression tests showed that there was a contribution of independent variables to the dependent variables. The results of the path analysis test also prove that the content knowledge, creativity and innovation of Economics teachers show a direct and indirect contribution to the level of self-efficacy of the Economics teachers. The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis after modification showed that 83.6% of the independent variable variance contributed to the self-efficacy of Economics teachers. This result indicates that there is a good fit of the measurement model in the structural equation model (SEM) generated in this study.
PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS RUANG DALAM PENYELIDIKAN PANDEMIK COVID-19: SATU TINJAUAN
Authors: LIZALIN KALANG  , OLIVER VALENTINE EBOY
Published: March 2022

Geographic Information System (GIS) merupakan antara teknologi yang boleh digunakan dalam sektor kesihatan awam untuk mengkaji penyakit dan membantu mengenal pasti sebaran penyakit semasa pandemik. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan analisis ruang dalam kajian COVID-19 masih kurang dilakukan terutamanya di Malaysia setakat ini. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melakukan tinjauan literatur terhadap penggunaan analisis ruang dalam kajian berkaitan COVID-19. Kertas kerja ini akan mengkaji semula kesusasteraan tentang penggunaan analisis ruang yang digunakan untuk membuat analisis dalam kajian COVID-19 daripada beberapa kajian lepas. Sebanyak empat model regresi ruang yang didapati paling kerap digunakan dalam analisis kajian COVID-19 seperti Geographically weighted regression (GWR), Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Spatial Error Model (SEM), dan Spatial Lag Model (SLM). Akhir sekali, kertas kerja ini akan menyarankan penggunaan analisis ruang dalam kajian berkaitan COVID-19 pada masa akan datang terutamanya di Malaysia.

 

Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the technologies that can be used in the public health sector to study diseases and help to identify the spread of diseases during pandemic. However, so far, the use of spatial analysis in COVID-19 study is still lacking, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a literature review on the use of spatial analysis in COVID-19 related studies. This paper will review the literature of spatial analysis that used to make the analysis in the COVID-19 study from previous studies. A total of four spatial regression models were found to be most frequently used in the COVID-19 study analysis such as Geographically weighted regression (GWR), Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and Spatial Lag Model (SLM). Finally, this paper will suggest the use of spatial analysis in a COVID-19 related studyespecially in Malaysia in future.
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: REGINA GARAI ABDULLAH  , WONG SWEE KIONG  , NEILSON ILAN MERSAT
Published: March 2022

Food security is one of the crucial areas of global concerns, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. When the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, a number of countries, including Malaysia, started to impose a generalised quarantine or lockdown as a measure to curb the spread of the disease. The key aspect of this measure is the restricted movement of people, goods and transportation. As a result, food supply and consequently, food security became embroiled in the mix. Questions such as will we be able to get the food supply during the pandemic, will there be enough food for everyone, and how will we cope in ensuring household food security were asked. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore the issues of household food security and the short-term coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on the views of respondents from Sarawak, Malaysia. Findings and discussion in this paper are based on data that was collected online from 235 respondents from all over Sarawak, Malaysia. It is found that availability of food is not really an issue but the challenges of food security during the COVID-19 pandemic are more focused on access to their preferred food and the choices of food that are available. A number of coping strategies has also been identified, such as getting food from alternative sources like online shopping, home vegetable gardens and preservation and storing of surplus food to make them last longer. These measures are not considered as severe.
Pflanzsaison startet mit extrem hohen Kosten
Authors: Behme Dagmar
Published: March 2022

Der Krieg in der Ukraine bringt Unruhe in den Kartoffelmarkt. Um die Anbaufläche entsteht ein Wettrennen mit Mais, Gerste und Sonnenblumen. Engpässe in der Logistik verteuern die Erzeugung in allen Stufen.
„Zuerst kommt der Preis und dann der Rest“
Authors: Behme Dagmar
Published: March 2022

Der Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch von Frischkartoffeln ist seit der Corona-Pandemie gestiegen. Erhöht sich damit auch die Bereitschaft, für spezielle Qualitäten mehr zu zahlen? Antworten gibt ein langjähriger Beobachter der Handelsszene.
Krone und Lemken setzen auf autonomes Fahren
Authors: Schultz Olaf
Published: March 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Combined Powers – unter diesem Namen haben die Familienunternehmen aus Spelle und Alpen die „Verfahrenstechnische Einheit“ (VTE) vorgestellt. Ihr Prinzip basiert darauf, dass das Anbaugerät die Antriebseinheit auf dem Acker steuert.
A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM MEIO À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Schellin Fabiane de Oliveira , Montiel Fabiana Celente
Published: March 2022

O artigo objetiva relatar a experiência e principais aprendizados dos/as estudantes participantes do projeto de ensino “Educação Física e Sociedade”, ofertado ao Ensino Médio Integrado, no Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense – Campus Pelotas (IFSul/Pelotas) em 2020. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência. O corpus foi composto por: projeto e plano de ensino; descrições das atividades síncronas e assíncronas; relatório final; textos reflexivos dos/as estudantes. O projeto promoveu a problematização das seguintes temáticas: Barreiras e possibilidades para a prática de Atividades Físicas no contexto da pandemia; Esporte enquanto direito social e as desigualdades sociais; Esporte e suas potencialidades nas discussões de gênero e racismo. Por meio da experiência e dos relatos finais dos/as estudantes legitimamos a Educação Física como um espaço para discussões e contribuições capazes de auxiliar na transformação da realidade social, no desenvolvimento integral do ser humano, sob as dimensões pedagógicas, sociológicas e filosóficas.
DOCUMENTOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIÂNIA E AS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA
Authors: Iwamoto Thiago Camargo , Ramos Viviane de Assis
Published: March 2022

O objetivo do presente trabalho é de relatar as experiências de professores de Educação Física nos anos iniciais (1º e 2º ano) de uma escola municipal da cidade de Goiânia, sobretudo o que concerne às práticas pedagógicas desse componente curricular a partir das normativas e orientações para o funcionamento das escolas públicas do município em questão durante a pandemia da COVID-19, focando nos anos de 2020 e 2021. A metodologia segue a perspectiva de um relato de experiência em conjunto com a apresentação dos documentos norteadores para as instituições educacionais. Embora houvesse várias orientações e normativas para tentar efetivar as práticas pedagógicas dos componentes curriculares diante do cenário pandêmico, incluindo a Educação Física, essas práticas foram deficientes devido às diversas dificuldades encontradas, seja institucional e/ou procedimental. Nesse sentido, as práticas pedagógicas de Educação Física ficaram comprometidas devido às falhas nas orientações de como desenvolver esse componente curricular, impactando no desenvolvimento dos estudantes.
ՄԱՆԿԱՎԱՐԺԱԿԱՆ ԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԿԱԶՄԱԿԵՐՊՄԱՆ ԱՐԴԻ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ / CURRENT ISSUES OF ORGANIZATION OF TEACHER
EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
Authors: HAKOBYAN FRIDA
Published: March 2022

This article touches upon the existing issues of teacher education
system in the Republic of Armenia and proposes corresponding changes to
resolve them. Within the framework of the article, professional literature
related to the topic was studied, in-depth interviews were conducted with
education experts, as well as an electronic survey was conducted among 432
teachers in 11 regions of Armenia to identify issues of organization of teacher
education in the Republic of Armenia.
ԹՎԱՅԻՆ ԾԱՌԱՅՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՕՏԱՐ ԼԵԶՎԻ (ՖՐԱՆՍԵՐԵՆԻ) ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ՄԵՋ / THE STRATEGY OF DIGITAL SERVICES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (FRENCH) TEACHING
Authors: AGHBALYAN MANE
Published: March 2022

Nowadays the digital is on the basis of our daily life. Digital services
are found in almost every area of public life: finance, industry,
telecommunications, trade, security, as well as education with its entire
system. It may be noted that the digital has led to a profound modernization
of practice in the world of social sciences. The article highlights the potential
strategic features of the digital in higher education, the role that the digital
service plays in students' lives, and the success of student integration in that
world. The article focuses on the digital as a teaching tool, as a key tool for
future development. The article finally highlights the idea that the role of
digital services is invaluable internationally.
ԱՌՑԱՆՑ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՈՒՄԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ՆՈՐ ՀՆԱՐԱՎՈՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ՕՏԱՐ ԼԵԶՎԻ ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ԸՆԹԱՑՔՈՒՄ / ONLINE EDUCATION AS A NEW OPPORTUNITY IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: AYVAZIAN SONA
Published: March 2022

The article discusses online education in general and online
education during covid-19. It is said that covid-19 has
affected educational systems worldwide, as well as in Armenia. The article
examines the difficulties of Armenian educational system during the pandemic
but the main goal of the article is to look into the peculiarities of online
education during foreign language teaching and learning. Some online
educational software applications and platforms that can make the foreign
language learning and teaching process more interesting are presented.
Zoom is presented as a powerful platform that has many innovative features
and can help teachers and lecturers to deliver engaging online lessons.
ԲԱՐՁՐԱԳՈՒՅՆ ԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՐԱԿԻ ԱՊԱՀՈՎՄԱՆ ՄՈԴԵԼՆԵՐԻ ԳՈՐԾԱՐԿՄԱՆ ՍԿԶԲՈՒՆՔՆԵՐՆ ՈՒ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ / THE PRINCIPLES AND PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE
MODELS
Authors: MOVSISYAN TATEVIK
Published: March 2022

The article examines the principles and peculiarities of the
implementation of American and European models of quality assurance in
higher education. As a result, similarities and differences were identified
between the studied models and quality assurance processes in the Republic
of Armenia. According to the results of this research, the main similarities
among the models are in identifying and meeting the needs and requirements
of stakeholders, the vision of managers, their managerial abilities and skills,
the application of the principle of continuous quality improvement in various
processes, strengthening and developing cooperation and encouraging
employees. The differences among the studied models are mainly related to
the peculiarities of the field of higher education quality assurance in a given
country, some principles and approaches to the implementation of the
models. Unlike the studied models, in Armenia special attention is paid to the
units of measurement of the results of the processes - key performance
indicators (KPI) or quality assurance indicators (QPI) in the context of quality
assurance, since the performance of entities depends on them.
ԻՆՏԵԳՐՎԱԾ ԴԱՍԵՐԻ ԴԵՐՆ ԱՄԲՈՂՋԱԿԱՆ ԱՇԽԱՐՀԱՅԱՑՔԻ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑՈՒՄ / THE ROLE OF THE INTEGRATED LESSONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOLISTIC WORLDVIEW
Authors: MILITOSYAN LUIZA , GABRIELYAN ANNA
Published: March 2022

The article reflects on the integrated lessons, their peculiarities and
connection to students’ holistic worldview. The idea of the integrated lessons
came forward in the 19th century, and it was studied by a number of
researchers. Even Comenius spoke about the importance of utilizing the
interdisciplinary connections. These lessons create interdisciplinary
connections allowing the students to analyze, find parallels and see the
surrounding world from different perspectives united rather than separated.
The students develop a holistic worldview. Our research points out that
though integrated lessons are not widespread yet, they are effective in the
learning process and are mainly well received by the students.
Recensiones
Authors: F. A. E.  , R. C.
Published: March 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 42, No. 461, 1987: 265-271.
The effect of sacroiliac joint manipulation, when combined with conventional treatment, in the management of chronic hamstring strains
Authors:   , Allison Brett Michael
Published: March 2022

Background: Hamstring muscle strains are a common musculoskeletal injury amongst athletes, with a high rate of recurrence that suggests room for improvement in the treatment and management of these injuries. Cibulka et al. (1986) suggest a possible link between injuries of the hamstring muscles and dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint. A study by Fyfer (2005) found that sacroiliac manipulation alone had a positive effect in the treatment of recurrent hamstring strains, but this was not combined with or compared to conventional treatment for muscle strain. Fox (2006) found that sacroiliac manipulation added to hamstring stretching increased the resultant flexibility of uninjured hamstring muscles. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness that manipulation may have when combined with and compared to a regime of hamstring stretching and strengthening in the treatment of chronic hamstring strains. Method: Thirty two participants suffering from chronic hamstring injuries and concomitant dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint were randomly allocated into two treatment groups. Both groups attended six consultations over a period of three weeks. Group one received treatment in the form of proprioceptive neuromuscular feedback (PNF) stretching and resisted isometric exercises of the hamstring, and were taught a home routine consisting of static stretching of the hamstring and Theraband® exercises directed at the hamstring. Group two received the same treatment and home routine as those in Group one, with the addition of Chiropractic manipulation of the dysfunctional sacroiliac joint. Outcomes were obtained by using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS-101), inclinometer testing of passive straight leg raiser test, and algometer assessment of pain threshold in the injured hamstring muscle and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint. Results: Data was analysed using the SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Ill, USA). Subjective and objectives outcomes were measured quantitatively. The effect of the intervention was measured using repeated measures ANOVA testing. The time versus treatment group interaction effect assessed whether the effect of the different treatment over time is the same, with a p value of <0.05 being v considered significant. Both treatment groups showed improvement of outcomes, and manipulation showed a marginally non-significant trend of greater improvement with regards to sacroiliac joint algometry. Conclusion: This study did not provide conclusive evidence of either a benefit or no benefit of manipulation, but where non-significant trends were shown, it is likely that this was due to lack of statistical power and that with an appropriate a priori analysis being done a greater sample size may have shown the same effect to be statistically significant.
Research on parallel braking control of distributed drive electric vehicles
Authors: Zhao Chunming
Published: March 2022

For distributed drive electric vehicles, according to the actual needs of the composite braking system of electric vehicles, the braking safety is the mainstay, and the energy recovery is carried out at the same time, and the distributed parallel braking control strategy is proposed. The strategy adopts a hierarchical control structure, with the upper control aiming at brake safety and the lower control aiming at brake energy recovery. The designed parallel brake control policy takes into account the distribution of braking force in the front and rear axles, as well as constraints such as braking strength, battery SOC value, and motor. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out to verify the braking efficiency and energy recovery effect.
The Potential of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) on the Liver Histopathology of Lactating Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Carbofuran
Authors: Rakhman Muhammad Andika Aulia , Hidanah Sri , Widjiati Widjiati , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus , Damayanti Ratna , Hendrawan Viski Fitri , Luqman Epy Muhammad
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the potential of Kebar grass extract in reducing the impact of liver damage in mice (Mus musculus) during lactation exposed to carbofuran. The 42 lactation mice (Mus musculus) used in the study were divided into seven groups, each group consisting of six mice. Carbofuran, chewed grass, and vitamin C are exposed orally on days 1 to 14 after birth. This group consisted of C (aquadest control), P1 (carbofuran 0.0125 mg/day), P2 (carbofuran 0.00625 mg/day), P3 (carbofuran 0.0125 mg/day+extract of kebar grass 3.375 mg 0.2 ml), P4 (carbofuran 0.00625 mg/day+extract of kebar grass 3.375 mg 0.2 ml), P5 (carbofuran 0.0125 mg/day+vitamin C 5 mg 0.2 cc), and P6 (carbofuran 0.00625 mg/day+vitamin C 5 mg 0.2 cc). On the 15th day after birth, mice were sacrificed and their liver organs taken for microscopic examination with hematoxilin-eosin staining. The results of this study indicate that the liver histopathology of mice suffered damage characterized by an increase in the number of inflammation cell, degeneration, and necrosis in line with the carbofuran dose given during the lactation period (P1 and P2). The administration of kebar grass extract (P3 and P4) is more effective than vitamin C (P5 and P6) in reducing the amount of inflammation cell, degeneration, and hepatocyte necrosis caused by carbofuran administration in lactation mice. This can be seen in the amount of liver damage in group P3 and P4 mice less than the amount of liver damage in group P5 and P6.
FRANCHISING AS A MODEL OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mykytiuk O. , Petrenko K. , Myronkina E.
Published: March 2022

An article considers franchising as a model of small and medium business development in Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of franchising for business, their impact on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises are disclosed.
BERLIN EURASIAN CLUB IN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Auzhanova Assel
Published: March 2022

Last year the Republic of Kazakhstan celebrated its 30th anniversary of independence. Over this period Kazakhstan has strengthened its position in the international relations, has established itself as a peaceful and open state, a reliable partner in global and regional affairs. Kazakhstan implements a multi-vectoral, pragmatic and proactive foreign policy, makes a significant contribution to the formation and implementation of a global and regional agenda in the field of security, cooperation and development. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the defense of national interests, constructive promotion of foreign policy and foreign economic priorities. European direction, along with Russian, Chinese and American, was initially defined as a key one. In the main foreign policy vectors, the positions of Kazakhstan in the global world are affirmed, it maintains smooth and stable relations with neighboring countries but also with European states as well. The concept of “soft power” is very relevant than ever, especially when we talk about participation of our country in the Berlin Eurasian Club.