bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma Coastal and Forest National Parks
Authors: Branch W.R. , Hanekom N.
Published: August 2012

An annotated check list of the herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma National Parks is given. A total of 38 species, comprising 6 chelonians (2 tortoises, 4 sea turtles), 8 lizards, 11 snakes and 13 amphibians have been collected within the parks. The diversity of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park is greater than that of the Tsitsikamma Forest National Park. This is due to a number of factors, including more intensive collecting, greater area and habitat diversity, and the presence of 5 marine species. The parks are important reserves for a number of species endemic to the southern coastal region, including Bradypodion damaranum, Cordylus coeruleopunctatus, Breviceps fuscus and Afrixalus knysnae. An appendix lists a number of additional species that can still be expected to occur within the parks.
Reptiles and Amphibians of the Addo Elephant National Park
Authors: Branch W.R. , Braack H.H.
Published: August 2012

The results of a survey of the reptiles and amphibians of the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) are presented. A total of 49 species, comprising 16 amphibians, 14 lizards, 15 snakes and 4 chelonians, occur in the AENP. Observations on the biology and distribution of these species in the AENP are given, and the relative composition and diversity is compared with the herpetofauna of the surrounding eastern Cape and the more distant Kruger National Park. The zoogeographic affinities of the AENP herpetofauna are similar to those of the surrounding eastern Cape (i.e. Cape Temperate 46,9, Temperate- Transitional 16,3, Eastern Tropical Transitional 10,2, Western Tropical Transitional 8,2, Tropical East Coast Littoral 2,0 and Temperate Wideranging 16,3). Resource partitioning among the AENP herpetofauna is discussed and the conservation status of the species summarised. A list of species that may still be collected within the AENP is included.
New Mammal Records for the Karoo National Park, with Notes on Several Other Species
Authors: Stuart C.T. , Durk Stuart T. , Braack H.H.
Published: August 2012

Five species of mammal are recorded for the first time in the Karoo National Park: Suncus varilla, Nycteris thebaica, Aethomys granti, Petromyscus collinus and Desmodillus auricularis. The presence of a golden mole, Chrysochloridae, is noted. Notes on three previously recorded species are presented.
The Vlei Rat Otomys irroratus Recorded in the Mountain Zebra National Park
Authors: Stuart C.T.
Published: August 2012

National History Note
South African Acari. III. On the Mites of the Mountain Zebra National Park
Authors: Smith Meyer Magdalena K.P. , Ueckermann E.A.
Published: August 2012

Ten new mite species are described and figured and new records of 19 mite species are given for the Mountain Zebra National Park. A check list is included.
Arboreal Coleoptera Associated with Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae) at the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Authors: Louw Schalk
Published: August 2012

An analysis was made of arboreal Coleoptera on Leucosidea sericea from the Golden Gate Highlands National Park in the north-eastern Orange Free State, Republic of South Africa. Five sites were selected from which samples were taken, using a beating technique, at equal intensity, during 13 consecutive months. A total of 117 species representing 35 families were recorded and allocated to four guilds, namely phytophages (47 species), predators (44 species), scavengers (16 species) and tourists (10 species). This diversity is attributed to the structural complexity and range of the host plant. The scarcity of a large number of these species is primarily ascribed to a high seasonal turnover rate. Species diversity and numbers of individuals were found to vary between the different study sites and are attributed to the growth stage and condition of the host plant, as well as the effect of sun and shade on activity cycles and the choice of feeding levels.
Additional Distribution Records of the Berg Adder Bitis atropos in the South-eastern Transvaal and Swaziland
Authors: Haagner G.V. , Hurter J.
Published: August 2012

The berg adder Bitis atropos is a small adder normally associated with mountainous areas in southern Africa. In the Transvaal this species is known to occur along the Drakensberg escarpment of the eastern and northern Transvaal. This paper reports on 19 new localities, extending the known range in a southerly and south-easterly direction. These localities are listed with notes on altitude, as well as notes on the sex, colour and reproductive status of the berg adder. Additional museum material and literature records are included to update the currently known distribution of the species in the Transvaal and Swaziland.
Fluctuations in Availability of Arthropods Correlated with Microchiropteran and Avian Predator Activities
Authors: Rautenbach I.L. , Kemp A.C. , Scholtz C.H.
Published: August 2012

Aerial arthropods were sampled by driving a standard transect along the riparian forest of the Luvuvhu River, South Africa, to assess hourly and seasonal variations in available biomass. Sampling, with an air-plankton net mounted on a vehicle, was conducted hourly over 48-hour periods during the fullest phase of the moon for each of eight months during 1986/87. Seasonal variation in availability of terrestrial arthropods was assessed by means of six pitfall traps set in the riparian forest. On a daily basis, the available biomass of aerial arthropods was found to increase markedly at and during the two hours following sunset, with a slight peak at or in the two hours preceding dawn. Highest monthly availability was found to correspond with the warm summer rainy season, with a marked increase after the first rains. The peak for terrestrial arthropods was found to occur later in the summer than for aerial arthropods. These patterns of arthropod availability correlate well with the daily activity rhythms and seasonal reproduc- tion of microchiropteran bats and their avian predators.
A List of Alien Plants in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Macdonald I.A.W. , Gertenbach W.P.D.
Published: August 2012

The alien vascular plant flora of the Kruger National Park is listed. Annotations cover the invasive status, modes of introduction and dispersal, dates of first recording, ecological impacts and control status of each species. The list comprises 156 species of which 113 are considered invasive within the park. Most of the species have been accidentally introduced to the park. The ecological impacts of 27 species (of which 11 are trees and shrubs) were rated as moderate or high. By 1985 only 10 species are thought to have been eradicated from the park. Most of the invasive species are herbaceous weeds of man-disturbed sites and the eradication of these is generally considered impossible. Most of the important species are dispersed by water and animals. The significance of limiting reinvasion of the park down the rivers flowing into the park, is stressed.
Annotated Check List of the Spiders (Araneae) of the Mountain Zebra National Park
Authors: Dippenaar-Schoeman Anna S.
Published: August 2012

A preliminary check list of the spider fauna of the Mountain Zebra National Park is given. Sixteen families, comprising 29 genera and 32 species, are recorded. Observations on the distribution, diagnostic morphology and behaviour of 15 species are given.
A Preliminary List of the Birds of the Karoo National Park
Authors: Martin R. , Martin J. , Martin E. , Braack H.H.
Published: August 2012

A preliminary list of the birds of the Karoo National Park is presented. Details of status, habitat preference and breeding (where applicable) are given. A supplementary list of birds which require confirmation or which were only recorded in the park before the study period, is included.
An Annotated Check List of the Birds of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Authors: Earle R.A. , Lawson A.B.
Published: August 2012

This paper presents a check list of 159 bird species occuring in the Golden Gate Higlands National Park and lists another 14 species needing confirmation Temporal distribution of the species on a monthly basis was obtained during one year, between April 1983 and March 1984. Brief discussion on present status and breeding is given where possible.
Game Ranch management
Authors: De Graaff G.
Published: August 2012

This book is the result of six years' intensive research and brainstorming by a group of South Africans under the editorship of J. du P. Bothma, the incumbent of the Eugene Marais Chair of Wildlife Management at the University of Pretoria. The group, comprising professional botanists and zoologists, veterinarians and wildlife managers, emphasises the fact that game (in all its characteristics and attributes) is unquestionably a natural asset in many parts of southern Africa
A vegetation survey of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park
Authors: Hanekom N. , Southwood A. , Ferguson M.
Published: August 2012

Sampling plots (5 m x 10 m in fynbos, 10 m x 10 m in forest) were analysed in the littoral, coastal escarpment, and north and south facing inland escarp- ment zones of 17 transect sites along the length of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park. Cover- abundance values were estimated for each species in the sampling plots. A detrended correspondence analysis (using CANOCO) and a two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were carried out on these data to determine the communities sampled. The vegetation of the park was classified into an Afromontane Forest, a Littoral Herbland and two Mesic Mountain Fynbos Communities. The distribution and extent of these communities were determined and their conservation discussed.
Starlings, mountain zebras and ticks
Authors: Penzhorn B.L. , Horak I.G.
Published: August 2012

Natural History Note
Proposed conservation plan for the black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis in South Africa, the TBVC* states and Namibia
Authors: Brooks P.M.
Published: August 2012

Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 The conservation plan for the black rhinoceros presents specific aims and management guidelines for the conservation of the African black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis in the Republic of South Africa, the TBVC states and Namibia. The adoption of this plan, and the application of the strategies described therein (managing existing populations, establishing new populations and aspects of captive breeding) by the relevant conservation authorities should enhance the survival prospects of this species, both in the region and globally.
Black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis capture, transportation and boma management by the Natal Parks Board
Authors: Henwood R.R.
Published: August 2012

Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 The procedure used by the Natal Parks Board in the capture of black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis minor (Drummond, 1876) is outlined. It is emphasised that a successful capture operation requires careful planning and should not be attempted by the uninitiated or by parties who have little or no experience. Dosages of drugs are given, the darting and actual capture procedures highlighted, and aspects of transport and practical boma management are described.
Drugs and dosages for capture and treatment of black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis in Namibia
Authors: Morkel P.
Published: August 2012

Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 Darting the black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis from the air and from the ground is briefly discussed, as are the relevant drugs used in rhinoceros catching operations in Namibia. The same results will not necessarily be achieved in black rhinoceros populations elsewhere in Africa, being dependant on differences in subspecific taxa, physiological responses and/or parasite loads. Black rhinoceros capture operations must only be undertaken by qualified teams who have the necessary experience and skill.
Transport and boma management techniques for black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis as used in the Etosha/Vaalbos operation
Authors: Raath J.P. , Hall-Martin A.J.
Published: August 2012

Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 The translocation of six black rhinoceros from the Etosha National Park (Namibia) to the Vaalbos National Park (Republic of South Africa) is described. Data are provided on the transporting vehicle, the capture, transport and off-loading procedures followed while aspects of boma management are briefly dealt with.
A bibliography of black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis (Linnaeus, 1758) and white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) for southern Africa
Authors: Wildi Heather
Published: August 2012

A general bibliography of reference material relevant to wildlife managers and researchers involved in the conservation of black and white rhinoceros in southern Africa is provided. It includes both key word and full reference listings.
Verhalen van Matsombo: Jef Geeraerts’ beeld van de 'Kongo-crisis' in Het verhaal van Matsombo
Authors: Huigen S.
Published: August 2012

Matsombo’s stories: Jef Geeraerts’s representation of the 'Congo crisis' in Het verhaal van Matsombo The so-called Congo crisis (1960-1965) received a great deal of attention internationally. A literary response in Dutch to what happened in the former Belgian colony is Het verhaal van Matsombo (Matsombo’s story) by Flemish writer and former colonial civil servant, Jef Geeraerts. Until now, little critical attention has been given to Het verhaal van Matsombo, despite regular reprints of the text. This article researches how the Congo crisis is represented in Geeraerts’s novel. Although Geeraerts’s depiction of colonial conflict is, in certain respects, close to that of Franz Fanon, Geeraerts’s is ultimately a Western view.
'A white fly on the sombre window pane': The construction of Africa and identity in Breyten Breytenbach’s poetry
Authors: Viljoen L.
Published: August 2012

This article explores the way in which the construction of Africa interacts with the construction of identity in the poetry written by Breyten Breytenbach. On the one hand, Breytenbach’s use of the name Jan Afrika, his attempts to emphasise the African-ness of the language Afrikaans as well as the construct Afrikaner indicate a desire to locate his origins in Africa and fix his identity in relation to Africa; on the other hand, it is clear that he constantly problematises the idea of a stable identity. Imposing a narrative on Breytenbach’s poetic oeuvre, it becomes clear that the ‘story’ of his poetry coincides with the order of events in his personal life and that his construction of Africa interacts with and determines the construction of his own identity. In conclusion it becomes clear that Breytenbach locates himself against the background of Africa from which he derives his sense of self, but at the same time takes the position of the nomad, exile, migrant or outsider because it provides him with a unique perspective and the possibilities of transgression and renewal.
Translating The Waste Land: Literal accuracy, poetic fidelity and cross-cultural communication
Authors: Wessels A.
Published: August 2012

The author of this article published an Afrikaans translation of T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land in 1992. This article is a personal contemplation and evaluation of the process of literary translation as experienced in the particular case, referring to aspects of translation theory where relevant. It discusses the unremitting balancing act that literary translation requires, where the translator has to pose the need for as close a literal translation as possible against the need to render, again as faithfully as possible, the comprehensive poetic effect of the work, as regards, for example, stylistic features, emotive force and symbolic significance. Through all of this runs the thread of (a sometimes unconscious) transculturation of the work, partly the result of the desire on the part of the translator to communicate the impact of the poem as successfully as possible to a specific audience with a specific cultural identity and cultural presuppositions. Sometimes the inescapable interpretative nature of literary translation could be attributable to the cultural identity of the translator himself and sometimes it could be the result of the innate cultural dimensions or temper of the recipient language. The problems encountered, solutions arrived at and transcultural evolution effected are illustrated from the (original and translated) texts.
Okonkwo’s fate and the worldview of Things Fall Apart
Authors: Foley A.
Published: August 2012

This article argues that despite the apparently exhaustive critical attention paid to Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958), certain key aspects of the novel’s meaning remain unresolved. At the heart of the problem lies the question of how to interpret the reasons for Okonkwo’s downfall or fate. The article suggests that a number of different sources of explanation appear to be plausible at various levels, but it goes on to demonstrate that at least some of these putative explanations are incompatible if not mutually exclusive. The more general difficulty arising from this is that several of these explanations are underpinned by worldviews which differ from and even conflict with each other. The article intends, therefore, through an exploration of the possible reasons for Okonkwo’s demise, to consider what worldview the novel finally supports and, indeed, whether the novel’s outlook is coherent at all. The chief conclusion is that although the overall perspective of the novel is highly complex, it does not necessarily follow that the actual meaning of the novel itself is either illogical or selfcontradictory.
’n Perspektief op ironie in die hedendaagse Afrikaanse taalgebruik
Authors: Van der Merwe T.
Published: August 2012

A discussion of irony in contemporary Afrikaans The purpose of this article is to investigate the nature of irony as used in contemporary Afrikaans language. A common feature of the irony that shows up consistently in contemporary Afrikaans, is some form of duality or contrast, such as between a reality and a perception. Special attention is given to the distinguishing features of verbal irony and the different semantic contrasts which could occur. Various signals indicating irony, and functions of irony in contemporary use are also examined.
Die insluiting van ’n (multi-)kulturele komponent in die kurrikulum vir Afrikaans as addisionele taal
Authors: Kruger E.
Published: August 2012

The inclusion of a (multi-)cultural component in the curriculum for Afrikaans as additional language In this article the author pleads for a democratisation of Afrikaans as an additional language curriculum so that the teaching and learning of Afrikaans could contribute towards cross-cultural consciousness. Relevant definitions of the concept culture are discussed, as well as intercultural understanding, stereotyping and communication. The relationship between literature, culture and cognitive development as well as culture and nonverbal communication is perused. Several ways are indicated by which culture could be integrated into a communicative Afrikaans language programme, such as giving attention to different sociolinguistic speech routines, including authentic media texts, as well as the study of folklore and stereotypes in literary texts (with examples of each of these cultural components). Broadening the learning content in this way could assist in neutralising the negative effects of the political-historical past of the Afrikaans language. This aim can be reached if the non-mother tongue learner’s interests are stimulated and his/her needs are addressed. Being involved in and exposed to these kinds of cultural components in Afrikaans, the learners would feel at home in the additional language classroom. Consequently they would feel free to participate actively – both emotionally and cognitively – and would ultimately accept responsibility for their own learning.
Representation and function of characters from Greek antiquity in Benjamin Britten’s Death in Venice
Authors: Spies B.
Published: August 2012

Lack of insight into Greek antiquity, more specifically the nature of classical tragedy and mythology, could be one reason for the negative reception of Benjamin Britten’s last opera Death in Venice. In the first place, this article considers Britten’s opera based on Thomas Mann’s novella as a manifestation of classical tragedy. Secondly, it is shown how mythological characters in Mann’s novella represent abstract ideas2 in Britten’s opera, thereby enhancing the dramatic impact of the opera considerably. On the one hand it is shown how the artist’s inner conflict manifests itself in a dialectic relationship between discipline and inspirat ion in Plato’s Phaedrus dialogue that forms the basis of Aschenbach’s monologue at the end of the opera. The conflict between Aschenbach’s rational consciousness and his irrational subconscious, on the other hand, is depicted by means of mythological figures, Apollo and Dionysus. Two focal points in the opera, namely the Games of Apollo at the end of Act 1 and the nightmare scene which forms the climax of the opera in Act 2, are used to illustrate the musical manifestation of this conflict.
Konflik, representasie, interpretasie – die waarheid gelieg
Authors: Robinson R.
Published: August 2012

Conflict, representation, interpretation – the truth lied The poetic concept “taalskadeloosstelling” (disempowerment of speech) in a poem by T.T. Cloete can be related to a poetic procédè in another of his poems, namely “Foto Boerevegters” from the volume Driepas (1989: 111). In this poem the relativity of conflict is a main theme. The telescoping of contexts and perspectives reveals more fundamental conflicts than the superficial theme of a specified historical conflict. A framed representation (a photograph) of a political event represents a retrogressive perspective that presupposes a more comprehensive context. Such a double perspective degrades and relativizes the representation to the level of reconstructed jigsaw pictures on paper. Discrepancies between appearance and intention, or surface and depth structures are unmasked at a linguistic level. In contrast with the lies of representation, the discourse of the poem exceeds its own constraints. This activates the establishment of relationships that render comment from an enlarged perspective. The framework of a local historical context is thus broken through and momentarily truth and lie are juxtaposed.
'Afgekyk van en nagepraat na …': Nederlandse tekste in 'Vroue van Vermeer' van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Nel A.
Published: August 2012

'Afgekyk van en nagepraat na…': Dutch texts in 'Vroue van Vermeer' by T.T. Cloete This article focuses on T.T. Cloete’s poem “Vroue van Vermeer” (Driepas) as the product of idiolectic transformation. The first and most obvious original text or frame is the work of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, with the poems and poetical writings of Martinus Nijhoff as a second frame. The third frame consists of texts from the work of J.H. Leopold. Special attention is given to what happens to the text adapted as a transformation, and in what way the source texts are dealt with in the final text. The visual focus of the poem corresponds with that of the paintings, i.e. the figure of the woman, space as constituent of the figure, and the dominating play with light. Cloete depicts his “Umwertung” of the perceived reality in his poem and at the same time models his own poetical concept that corresponds with the poetical views of Nijhoff. The poetical concept includes views regarding the texts, some views of reality and the so-called objectification theory.
The man with the phrase book in his head: On the literariness of the illiterate Homer
Authors: Alant J.
Published: August 2012

In the early 1930s Milman Parry’s theoretical substantiation of the oral composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey was widely interpreted as a major breakthrough in the field of oral traditional research, even as the founding act of a new discipline – Oral Theory. The “oral-formulaic” theory which underscored this breakthrough has, however, been increasingly criticized in recent times. While acknowledging the fundamental importance of Parry’s work in the field of Oral Theory, the present article seeks to reinterpret the essential orality of the Homeric poems in the light of its broader implications for the recognition of an oral aesthetics/oral literature. Parry’s work on the Iliad and Odyssey has generally been appreciated for its postulation of a characteristically oral textual economy. This article sets out, by contrast, to look more closely at the possibility Parry opens up for the orally composed text to be considered “literature” in its fullest aesthetic sense. Crucial to this is the creative role of the reader/audience in terms of the text’s “horizons of expectations”, that also serve to contradict the famous characterisation by Walter Ong alluded to in the title of this article.
The verse-form of Northern Sotho oral poetry
Authors: Mojalefa M.J.
Published: August 2012

Although examples of certain Northern Sotho traditional oral genres have been collected over years, a study of verse-form in traditional initiation poetry has not yet been undertaken. This article will consider the way in which Northern Sotho traditional initiation poems are structured or arranged in verse-form. It will be attempted to indicate that traditional oral initiation poetry in Northern Sotho is not metrically defined (as in Western poetry) but that Northern Sotho oral poetry is also structured by its performance and by symmetrical boundaries and other techniques. The structure of the oral praise poem in verse-form as discussed in this article will show the way in which poetry material is organised according to Northern Sotho metrical (verse-form) principles.
The modern city: A symbolic space of memory and a crucible for multiculturalism?
Authors: Vlasselaers J.
Published: August 2012

This article highlights some critical remarks concerning the use of the terms multiculturalism and cultural identity in various currents of contemporary discourse. The focus will be on the modern metropolis Brussels which will serve as a case study. Brussels is the capital of Belgium and of the European Union and is one of the most distinctly international and multiethnic cities in Europe. In this multicultural society, characterized by the coexistence of groups with different linguistic and cultural traditions, the phenomenon of multi-sociality, i.e. the fact that individuals simultaneously take part in several social subsystems, may neutralize and even overrule cultural or ethnic differences. When it comes to the access of relatively prominent social positions, social differences appear to be of more importance than cultural or ethnic-cultural differences. The question thus remains how to cope with the notion of cultural identity. Second- and third-generation immigrants raising the issue of cultural identity, generally refer to contrastive markers. Culture is conceived of as a package: the differences are articulated as culture, while what is shared with ‘outsiders’ (especially material culture, science, technology and daily routines) seems to be irrelevant. The city builds a cultural superstructure submitted to an uninterrupted process of change. The ethnic factor is very attractive because people want to experience a community to which they “really” belong and where they can express themselves. The younger generations, however, gradually step out of the strategies of self-protective isolation and advance towards a moderate cultural relativism. In this respect the irrational and affective dimensions of culture, as well as the spatial and social urban fabric, constitute elements of major importance for a close analysis of ethnic-cultural diversity and inequalities.
Language through literature through language: An action research report on the English 100 course at the University of North West
Authors: Butler I.
Published: August 2012

In this article the writer surveys attitudes to the integration of language and literature in ESL/EFL teaching, noting the reservations that have been expressed about it in the past, and which still continue to linger in some quarters. Against this background he then describes the development and implementation of an integrated English syllabus at the University of North West, focusing on his current action research in teaching the first year modules. Using examples from the material he has developed for these modules, he demonstrates how the principles of language/literature integration, as articulated by writers in the field, can be translated into practice in a number of ways. Since this is an on-going project the writer presents his findings as a report on work in progress. The article does, however, conclude with a brief summary of the positive responses received from lecturers and students in response to questionnaires and surveys conducted in 2000 and 2001. A linguist deaf to the poetic function of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistic problems and unconversant with linguistic methods, are equally flagrant anachronisms. Roman Jakobson (in Simpson, 1997:ii) I imagined how it would be like to study literature alone. This would be tough especially if English is not your first language. Just tough. (From the journal of an English 100 student, University of North West)
Betekeniskonstruksie as kreatiewe proses: ’n tekslinguistiese benadering
Authors: Esterhuizen I.
Published: August 2012

The creative process of meaning construction: A text-linguistic approach The main aim of this article is to explore the usefulness of text linguistics in determining how and why a literary text creates meaning. In order to achieve this aim, the unique way in which a writer or reader creates a text by means of lexico-grammatical and conceptual elements is discussed. The meaningfulness of the linguistic analysis of literary texts is then illustrated by an analysis of T.T. Cloete’s poem “Blydskap”. Lexical cohesion is emphasized and this cohesive device is used as a strategy to indicate how meaningful patterns are created in the text. This analysis illustrates that the methods of text linguistics indeed provide useful tools for examining the construction of meaning in a text.
Conversation, characterisation and corpus linguistics: Dialogue in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility
Authors: Hubbard E.H.
Published: August 2012

This article reports on a corpus-based exploration of the role that fictional dialogue plays in characterisation. The focus is on the two main characters of Austen’s Sense and Sensibility and (a) the extent to which certain features of their dialogue can be said to tie in with general perceptions that Elinor represents the “sense” and Marianne the “sensibility” of the novel’s title; and (b) the extent to which Austen can be said to have exploited these features to enable the sisters to speak with subtly differing voices. The features themselves were drawn from two linguistic frameworks, namely cohesion in text linguistics (specifically, the category of conjunctive cohesion as originated by Halliday and Hasan (1976)), and the category of “involvement” in register analysis (most prominently, Biber 1988). The density of these features in each dialogue was calculated, compared statistically and salient differences considered in relation to the focal issues of the study. Although two of the five hypotheses formulated were not supported, the results overall provided strong indications that Austen successfully distinguishes between the sisters through their dialogue, and often in ways that link with less subtle, more explicit cues to their character that are given in the text. The study thus reveals how certain text-linguistic and register features can underpin characterisation in fiction, and in so doing explicates aspects of what it is that readers and literary critics respond to when they comment on characterisation in a novel.
Antjie Krog se vertaling van Henk van Woerden se roman Een mond vol glas
Authors: Van Coller H.P.
Published: August 2012

Antjie Krog’s translation of Henk van Woerden’s novel Een mond vol glas (A mouth full of glass) Against a historical backdrop several critical approaches to translational theory are explicated. Traditional criticism seems to imply positioning between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT). A functionalist approach (as propagated among others by Snell-Hornby, Nord and Naaijkens) is a descriptive rather than a normative approach that focuses almost exclusively on the ST. This approach is consequently adopted in the evaluation of Krog’s translation; yet even within this more relativistic paradigm, a comparison between ST and TT should not be evaded. In the case of Krog’s translation, this comparison leads to the identification of scores of lexical, grammatical and stylistic errors.
Destruksie ten minste tien maal beklemtoon – ’n interpretasie van 'Kraak die aardbol langs ’n naat' van Wilma Stockenström
Authors: Van der Westhuizen B.
Published: August 2012

Destruction at least ten times emphasized – an interpretation of 'Kraak die aardbol langs ’n naat' ('Cracking the earth along the seam') by Wilma Stockenström In this article the value of syntactical analysis in the interpretation of a poem is investigated from the premise that emphasis can be effected inter alia in the following ways: (a) by contravening certain rules that apply in standard language usage in order to compose grammatical sentences, b) the exploitation of parallel syntactical structures, and c) the relationship between sentence unit and line, and line and/or stanza. These theoretical points of departure form the basis of the syntactical analysis of “Kraak die aardbol langs ’n naat” (Wilma Stockenström), in which there are numerous deviations from the expected, normal and usual ways of constructing sentences. It is by these means that the semantic values gain prominence: the attention is drawn to the deviating behaviour of mankind continuing to destruct the earth until nothing remains. It is evident that the repeated use of irony and the satirical tone of this poem also contribute to persuade the reader to behave in a way opposite to that depicted in the poem. In this way the value of a syntactical analysis of this poem is illustrated. By uncovering the micro-structures (syntactical units) within the (macro-) structure (the poem), underlying patterns and the place of humanity in the universe can be better understood. In this way the analysis of this poem is then linked to the field of ecocriticism.
Karolina Ferreira (1993) van Lettie Viljoen en Vincent van Gogh se 'Die Nagkafee' (1888): ’n ruimtelik-koherente lesing
Authors: Van Schalkwyk P. , Du Plooy H. , Carstens W.A.M.
Published: August 2012

Karolina Ferreira (1993) by Lettie Viljoen and Vincent van Gogh’s 'The Night Café' (1888): A spatial-coherent reading Building on the text-linguistic definition of coherence as an intra-, inter-, and extratextual unity the underlying relations in Karolina Ferreira by Lettie Viljoen are explored. Vincent van Gogh’s “The Night Café” is a hidden spatial-visual intertext which can serve as a centre of contemplation regarding the coherence of Karolina Ferreira and that of Viljoen’s oeuvre. Van Gogh’s description of this work in his letters is echoed in Viljoen’s depiction of the billiard room, a space betwixt and between. “The Night Café” resonates intra-, inter-, and metatextually and unlocks the circular or spheric-spatial coherence of Karolina Ferreira, which can be visualized as a (Buddhist) mandala. At the core of this mandala is the billiard table: the meditative object and centre of control with respect to the narrative space (textual space) and the narrated, intertextual, and metatextual spatial dimensions of Karolina Ferreira. Metatextually Karolina Ferreira disrupts the conventional temporality of narrative texts in favour of the suppressed narrative category of space.
And a Threefold Cord: La Guma’s neglected masterpiece?
Authors: Cornwell G.
Published: August 2012

For a variety of reasons (including its publication history), Alex la Guma’s second novel And a Threefold Cord (1964) has long been neglected by readers and critics. This essay seeks to redress this situation by offering a reading of the novel that demonstrates its artistic integrity. Like A Walk in the Night, And a Threefold Cord avoids the overt propagandizing that arguably mars La Guma’s later work. The political “message” of the text is shown to emerge organically from events that unfold in its presented world. And a Threefold Cord is set in a Cape Flats shantytown, and it analyses the predicament of the shanty dwellers in terms of class inequality and economic exploitation, rather than in terms of racial discrimination. This ensures the novel’s continuing relevance in a South Africa where far too many people are inadequately housed in ever-growing “informal settlements”.
George Orwell's Animal Farm: A metonym for a dictatorship
Authors: Sewlall H.
Published: August 2012

George Orwell’s Animal Farm is traditionally read as a satire on dictatorships in general, and the Bolshevik Revolution in particular. This article postulates the notion that the schema of the book has attained the force of metonymy to such an extent that whenever one alludes to the title of the book or some lines from it, one conjures up images associated with a dictatorship. The title of the book has become a part of the conceptual political lexicon of the English language to refer to the corruption of a utopian ideology. As an ideological state, Animal Farm has its vision, which is embedded in its constitution; it has the vote, a national anthem and a flag. It even has its patriots, double-dealers, social engineers and lechers. In this way the title Animal Farm, like Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, or Thomas More’s Utopia, functions metonymically to map a conceptual framework which matches the coordinates of the book. The article concludes with a look at contemporary society to show how Orwell’s satire endorses the words of Lord Acton, namely, that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
Ezra Pound’s orientalist poetry, natural rootedness, and Lepidoptera
Authors: Terblanche J.E. , Terblanche R.F.
Published: August 2012

In this article, we focus on the outward purpose (Umberto Eco) and natural rootedness of Ezra Pound’s translation of Li Tai Po’s “The River Merchant’s Wife: a Letter.” Natural rootedness – a sign actively conditioned by and into a dynamic ecosystem – is a central aspect of Taoist poetics and modernist orientalism (Gary Snyder). We follow the outward purpose of the sign, in further exploration of a zone of between-ness: between the opposites of culture and nature (William Howarth). In particular, we focus on the butterfly image in this poem. An interdisciplinary, ecosemiotic reading is made of this image within its poetic and natural context. We argue that this image is related to actual (ecological and evolutionary) butterfly colouration and behaviour in the (Chinese) ecosystem. Although no historical evidence of either Pound’s or Li Po’s interest in butterflies exists as far as could be determined, the middle ground between English and Chinese that Pound occupies (Eric Hayot) in this translation, could partially explain the interlevel correspondence between this image and actual butterfly behaviour. The article demonstrates that the image ties in well with an autumnal orpimentation or “enyellowment” of butterflies, as well as their sexual behaviour. It concludes that the significance of the sign is enhanced by its outward purpose towards and interpenetration with and within active nature, culminating in this central natural image in this important and creative poetic translation by Pound.
Oor Austro-Nederlands en die oorsprong van Afrikaans
Authors: De Ruyter C. , Kotzé E.F.
Published: August 2012

On Austro-Dutch and the origin of Afrikaans A widely accepted view of the origin of Afrikaans holds that the new language developed autochthonously, after 1652 when the language of the early Cape settlers was influenced by imported slaves speaking Malay and Portuguese, and by the pidgin talk of the Cape Khoikhoi. This “autochthonous hypothesis”, however, does not take cognizance of the fact that shortened (deflected) Dutch verb forms found in Afrikaans, for instance, are also found in loan words in the Ceylon-Portuguese creole, as well as in Indonesian, and Malay-influenced languages of Indonesia. Moreover, large numbers of Dutch East India Company sojourners, who had acquired an “adapted” form of Dutch during their stay in the East, spent a significant time at the Cape on their return voyage. The argument is put forward that they brought with them a number of language features clearly comparable with “distinctive features” in incipient (and developed) Afrikaans, such as the shortened verb and the use of the perfect instead of imperfect verb forms to indicate a simple past tense. The variety of Dutch spoken by them is called Austro-Dutch, which, it is argued, forms the basis of an “oceanic hypothesis” to add a new dimension to theories about the formation of Afrikaans.
Two bad-time stories and a song of hope
Authors: Gagiano A.H.
Published: August 2012

Using three fairly recently published South African texts – David B. Coplan’s In the Time of Cannibals – The Word Music of South Africa’s Basotho Migrants (1994); A.H.M. Scholtz’s Vatmaar – ’n Lewendagge verhaal van ’n tyd wat nie meer is nie (1995) in its English translation, A Place Called Vatmaar (2000) and Mongane (Wally) Serote’s Come and Hope with Me (1994) – this essay looks at the role such texts can play to give public expression to the voices of formerly silenced communities. The essay contends that the deep fissures in South African society require intense efforts in order to make those isolated from one another mutually intelligible. All South Africans need to broaden their cultural vocabularies. This is where texts such as novels and those containing the oral art of neglected communities can function as ‘translations’, and have profound social importance. It can be predicted that rehistoricising writings and culturally recontextualising teaching practices will continue to be required in this country, but also texts that contain the vision of a shared South African future.
Spore in die sand – ’n herbeskouing van die oeuvre van C.M. van den Heever
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: August 2012

Footprints in the sand – a re-evaluation of C.M. van den Heever’s oeuvre C.M. van den Heever was a prominent Afrikaans writer in the period between 1930 and 1950. Since the 1960s the general opinion held by literary scholars has been that his work has become dated thematically as well as stylistically. In an essay, written in 1947, Van den Heever states and explains his poetical stance on some key issues such as the sources of his writing, the schism between romanticism and realism in his life and work, the importance of a vision of life in his work. The essay also contains some valuable indications of the philosophical influences on Van den Heever as a person and as a writer. In this article Van den Heever’s own views are compared to the views held by critics. The article indicates that Van den Heever consciously addressed exactly those problems that critics regard as shortcomings in his oeuvre. The article concludes that rereading older works of literature opens up new perspectives on the past and on older literary texts. Older literature also adds to the present because knowledge of the past contributes to an understanding of the present. In the final instance the statement is made that literature constitutes a link between past and present, and older literature lives on through rereadings by committed readers.
Die gesprek tussen C.M. van den Heever se werk en enkele moderne Suid-Afrikaanse romans
Authors: Van Coller H.P.
Published: August 2012

The discourse between Van den Heever’s work and a few modern Afrikaans novels Many contemporary critics have castigated Van den Heever for what they allege is his dichotomy between realism and romanticism. But as J.M. Coetzee has indicated, there is in fact no dichotomy: Van den Heever’s portrayal of reality leads quite naturally to its interpretation. This article assumes that Van den Heever’s works were rooted firmly in reality and were in effect early examples of littérature engagée. His approach has much to do with the seminal nature of his farm novels and explains the many intertextual allusions to them in modern Afrikaans novels.
Noem my jou metafore... Metaforiese taal as geloofstaal
Authors: Kloppers E.
Published: August 2012

Name your metaphors… Metaphorical language as the language of faith The use of metaphorical language is an inherent characteristic of all human communication. Faith is communicated by means of metaphorical language, images and imagination. In this article it is indicated how theology utilizes metaphorical ways of expression in order to communicate faith. Effective metaphors that speak to people in new and changing situations must constantly be found. A metaphorical theology is therefore essential and need to be promoted. A relevant theological metaphorology can only come about in dialogue with literature and the arts. Aspects of the so-called New Reformation are briefly discussed regarding the need to use new metaphorical ways of speaking.
’n Etimologiese perspektief op betekenisverandering in die Afrikaanse leksikon
Authors: Van der Merwe T.
Published: August 2012

An etymological perspective on semantic change in the lexicon of Afrikaans This article deals with the most important processes of semantic change that have occurred in Afrikaans: semantic broadening, narrowing, shift and bifurcation. These processes are not necessarily gradual. There are many cases of radical change with no intermediate stages. Attention is also paid to other characteristics of semantic change such as irregularity, unpredictability and the spreading of semantic changes through the speech community. The main focus of the discussion is on a number of different factors that are responsible for semantic change. An exemplified description is given of the mechanisms by which semantic changes have occurred thus far in Afrikaans. Although the variety of semantic changes in Afrikaans catches the attention, it is also noteworthy that the change has not been very extensive. Taking into consideration the geographical distance and the diminishing ties between South Africa and the Netherlands, the similarity between Afrikaans and Dutch is remarkable.
Mythevorming in de hedendaagse cultuur
Authors: Janssens M.
Published: August 2012

The concept of myth in contemporary culture In contemporary culture the concept of “myth” is subjected to profound changes, both in the fields of knowing and of values. A tendency to demythologize is evident everywhere. Owing to the prominent procedures of covering and cross-over, ancient myths are mixed with many other thematic aspects in contemporary literature, e.g. in postmodern adaptations of Greek myths. With regard to culture, “myth” is used in various meanings. In modern or “postmodern” theology and exegesis the Bible is considered to be an anthology of myths. In recent years we have even met a tendency of “re-mythologizing” our thinking in a “postmetaphysical” age.
Aantekeninge oor Die ryk van die rawe deur Jaco Fouché
Authors: Kruger N. , Van Coller H.
Published: August 2012

Notes on Jaco Fouché’s novel Die ryk van die rawe Jaco Fouché’s debut novel Die ryk van die rawe (The domain of the ravens) has been widely acclaimed by critics. Their focus mainly fell on the intertextual relations of the novel with other literary texts, especially novels by Etienne Leroux. This article analyses Fouché’s novel against the backdrop of the (satirical) picaresque tradition and the detective genre. The article focuses on two aspects: Fouché’s indebtedness to (post)modern art forms, particularly comics, graphics, television and cinema; and the interpretation of neo-existentialist philosophy.