bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A test of three basic assumptions of Situational Leadership® II Model and their implications for HRD practitioners
Authors: Zigarmi Drea , Roberts Taylor Peyton
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This study aims to test the following three assertions underlying the Situational Leadership® II (SLII) Model: all four leadership styles are received by followers; all four leadership styles are needed by followers; and if there is a fit between the leadership style a follower receives and needs, that follower will demonstrate favorable scores on outcome variables.

Design/methodology/approach

For the first and second assertions, a proportional breakdown of the four leadership styles observed within a sample of working professionals is presented and discussed. Regarding the third assertion, for ten outcome variables, multiple one-way analyses of variance tested mean differences between followers who experienced leadership style fit (i.e. a fit between received and needed style) and followers who did not experience fit (n= 573). Subscale scores from the Leader Action Profile, the Work Intention Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and an adapted form of the Affective/Cognitive trust scale (McAllister, 1995) were used as study measures.

Findings

Three of the four leadership styles of the SLII framework were reported as frequently received. All four of the leadership styles were reported as needed. This study also found that follower-reported fit between one’s needed and received leadership style at work resulted in more favorable scores on nine of the ten employee outcomes, as compared to follower-reported misfit.

Practical implications

As human resource development practitioners seek to educate and train their leaders on how to be more effective with their direct reports, this research provides evidence that all four styles are needed and received, although there were lower instances of reporting the S1 style to be needed or received. Also, the findings demonstrated that when followers view a fit exists between the leadership behaviors they need and the leadership behaviors they receive, greater positive job affect, lower negative job affect, increased cognitive and affective trust in the leader and higher levels of favorable employee work intentions were evident.

Originality/value

This paper builds on the resurgence of studies examining initiating structure and consideration as leader behaviors. This is one of very few recent studies that, by combining initiating structure and consideration, reinvestigates the four leadership styles established by past contingency theories. Specifically, the authors used the SLII framework as a foundation for analysis. Overall, the study supports three of the major assumptions of the SLII framework.
Assessment of modelling strategies for film cooling
Authors: Mazzei Lorenzo , Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Effusion cooling represents one the most innovative techniques for the thermal management of aero-engine combustors liners. The huge amount of micro-perforations implies a significant computational cost if cooling holes are included in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations; therefore, many efforts are reported in literature to develop lower-order approaches aiming at limiting the number of mesh elements. This paper aims to report a numerical investigation for validating two approaches for modelling film cooling, distinguished according to the way coolant is injected (i.e. through either point or distributed mass sources).

Design/methodology/approach

The approaches are validated against experimental data in terms of adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient distributions obtained for effusion cooled flat plates. Additional reynolds-averaged naver stokes (RANS) simulations were performed meshing also the perforation, so as to distinguish the contribution of injection modelling with respect to intrinsic limitations of turbulence model modelling.

Findings

Despite the simplified strategies for coolant injection, this work clearly shows the feasibility of obtaining a sufficiently accurate reproduction of coolant protection in conjunction with a significant saving in terms of computational cost.

Practical/implications

The proposed methodologies allow to take into account the presence of film cooling in simulations of devices characterized by a huge number of holes.

Originality/value

This activity represents the first thorough and quantitative comparison between two approaches for film cooling modelling, highlighting the advantages involved in their application.
Progress in thermal transport modeling of carbonate-based reacting systems
Authors: Yue Lindsey , Reich Leanne , Simon Terrence , Bader Roman , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Carbonate-based heterogeneous reacting systems are investigated for the applications of thermochemical carbon dioxide capture and energy storage. This paper aims to review recent progress in numerical modeling of thermal transport phenomena in such systems.

Design/methodology/approach

Calcium oxide looping is selected as the model carbonate-based reacting system. Numerical models coupling heat and mass transfer to chemical kinetics are reviewed for solar-driven calcium oxide looping on the sorbent particle, particle bed, and reactor levels.

Findings

At the sorbent particle level, a transient numerical model of heat and mass transfer coupled to chemical kinetics has been developed for a single particle undergoing cyclic calcination and carbonation driven by time-periodic boundary conditions. Modeling results show cycle times impact the maximum sorbent utilization and solar-to-chemical energy efficiency. At the reactor level, a model of heat and mass transfer coupled to chemical kinetics of calcination of a packed-bed reactor concept has been developed to estimate the reactor’s performance. The model was used to finalize reactor geometry by evaluating pressure drops, temperature distributions, and heat transfer in the reactor.

Originality/value

Successful solar thermochemical reactor designs maximize solar-to-chemical energy conversion by matching chemical kinetics to reactor heat and mass transfer processes. Modeling furthers the understanding of thermal transport phenomena and chemical kinetics interactions and guides the design of solar chemical reactors.
Multi-scale pulsatile CFD modeling of thrombus transport in a patient-specific LVAD implantation
Authors: Prather Ray O. , Kassab Alain , Ni Marcus William , Divo Eduardo , Argueta-Morales Ricardo , DeCampli William M.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Predictive models implemented in medical procedures can potentially bring great benefit to patients and represent a step forward in targeted treatments based on a patient’s physiological condition. It is the purpose of this paper to outline such a model.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-scale 0D-3D model based on patient specific geometry combines a 0-dimensional lumped parameter model (LPM) with a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis coupled in time, to obtain physiologically viable flow parameters.

Findings

A comparison of physiological data gathered from literature with flow-field measurements in this model shows the viability of this method in relation to potential predictions of pathological flows repercussions and candidate treatments.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of the model is the absence of compliance in the walls in the CFD fluid domain; however, compliance of the peripheral vasculature is accounted for by the LPM. Currently, an attempt is in progress to extend this multi-scale model to account for the fluid-structure interaction of the ventricular assist device vasculature and hemodynamics.

Originality/value

This work reports on a predictive pulsatile flow model that can be used to investigate surgical alternatives to reduce strokes in LVADs.
Human behaviour under fire situations in high-rise residential building
Authors: Gerges Michael , Mayouf Mohammad , Rumley Peter , Moore David
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate human behaviour under a situation of fire in high-rise residential buildings and identify the factors that motivate people to evacuate.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review was conducted to identify different factors of human behaviour during a situation of fire and identify challenges during the evacuation. Through a mixed research method approach, the paper identifies human background, experience and knowledge with fire safety. The paper discusses the challenges occupants face during evacuation based on previous evacuation experience and what occupants were doing during the fire alarm.

Findings

The paper has identified the challenges and the factors that affect occupants’ decision during fire emergency in high-rise residential buildings. It is clear from the findings that occupants have limited knowledge and skills on how to deal with fire emergencies. Occupants tend to depend on other evacuation routes. Occupants tend to ignore the fire alarm and usually they investigate if it is true or false.

Originality/value

The paper provides the knowledge and findings of occupants during fire emergency to fire engineers, facility managers, owners, and other professionals to assist during the design phase, and modify designs based on this findings of this research.
Wearing comfort analysis from aspect of numerical garment pressure using 3D virtual-reality and data mining technology
Authors: Liu Kaixuan , Wang Jianping , Hong Yan
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out the main factors that influence wearing comfort and how they influence garment-wearing comfort.

Design/methodology/approach

Overall, 120 postures were extracted from the activities of daily life and work. Then, the numerical values of clothing pressure of these postures were measured using three-dimension virtual-reality technology. Finally, the data mining technology was applied to analyze the collected data.

Findings

The wearing comfort of pants is mainly influenced by four factors – waist-hip factor, knee-shank factor, crotch factor and thigh-calf factor – and their contributions account for 39.17, 16.4, 13.96 and 6.95 percent, respectively. Hip, waist, crotch and knee influence wearing comfort significantly, and the part below the knee and the part of back thigh have no obvious effect on wearing comfort. Furthermore, the wearing comfort is acceptable if the numerical clothing pressures are below 20 kPa at the parts of hip, waist and crotch and below 10 kPa at the parts of back thigh, knee and shank.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates how different human body parts influence garment-wearing comfort. All of the results in this research facilitate pattern design of pants and quantitative evaluation of garment-wearing comfort.
Wellness tourism: stress alleviation or indulging healthful habits?
Authors: Hudson Simon , Thal Karen , Cárdenas David , Meng Fang
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine the direct relationships between behavioral intention and factors driving the growth of the wellness tourism industry in the USA. Relationships were hypothesized based on alternative explanations for the rise in popularity of wellness tourism in research streams.

Design/methodology/approach

Two models were estimated and tested using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), each incorporating two constructs – Life stress and involvement in health – in addition to theoretically stipulated precursors to Behavioral Intention.

Findings

Both constructs were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention. However, involvement proved a much stronger predictor than life stress. Implications for the management and marketing of this subsector are discussed in the paper.

Originality/value

This study extends the understanding of travelers’ behavioral intentions in the context of wellness tourism by using an extended TPB, with life stress and involvement in health and wellness considered. The study compares general travelers with current/potential wellness travelers (excluding those whose sole purpose was wellness) and the factors that influence their travel behavior.
Start-up competitions as learning environment to foster the entrepreneurial process
Authors: Passaro Renato , Quinto Ivana , Thomas Antonio
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to shed light on the increasing start-up competitions (SUCs) phenomenon; second, to provide an interpretive framework to understand whether the SUCs have the potential to be effective entrepreneurial learning environment; third, to analyse the different roles of public and private actors in organizing SUCs.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a cross-section analysis of the Italian SUCs population. In total, 77 competitions are analysed on the basis of different criteria which should properly mirror their distinguishing structural features, helping understand the potential of SUCs as learning environments.

Findings

The recent increase in the number of SUCs has been mainly fuelled by private actors. Moreover, Italian SUCs show some features that make them rich learning environments. Private and public actors play different roles, as confirmed by statistical tests performed. Privately organized SUCs follow mainly a market-oriented approach, while publicly organized ones are more education oriented.

Research limitations/implications

The findings cannot be easily generalized mainly due to the peculiarities of the Italian context.

Practical implications

Soft forms of regulation should be defined to strengthen those features which could potentially support the entrepreneurial learning processes. In this view, SUCs should be part of a start-up friendly ecosystem where actors (startuppers, incubators, venture capitalists) are effectively coordinated with each other.

Originality/value

Despite the remarkable diffusion of SUCs, there are significant gaps in literature about this phenomenon. Given the lack of a systematic and comprehensive analysis of SUCs as effective entrepreneurial learning environments, the paper represents an important starting point.
Prior exposure to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial beliefs
Authors: McCann Brian T.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To contribute to the knowledge of factors that shape entrepreneurial beliefs, the purpose of this paper is to theorize and empirically test how individuals’ general attitudes toward entrepreneurship based on exposure to others’ prior entrepreneurial activities are related to beliefs surrounding current entrepreneurial opportunities. Positive attitudes based on prior exposure can lead to bias in the beliefs about current opportunities being evaluated, suggesting that positive affect can be a negative influence in the entrepreneurial process.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample is the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I, a nationally representative, longitudinal data set of US adults in the process of starting businesses. Regression analyses demonstrate how general attitudes are associated with beliefs about level of future sales, probability of venture survival, and levels of financial, competitive, and operational uncertainty.

Findings

Nascent entrepreneurs with more positive general attitudes toward entrepreneurship form more optimistic estimates of the financial performance and survival likelihood of their future ventures. They also estimate lower levels of environmental uncertainty.

Originality/value

This research extends understanding of the impact of prior exposure to entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to increasing understanding of the determinants of entrepreneurial beliefs and extends prior work that has considered cognitive determinants (knowledge and motivation) to consider emotional determinants (affect-infused attitudes), consistent with the heightened recent interest in the role of emotion in entrepreneurship. This research provides a different perspective on the role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. While prior work addressing affect in entrepreneurship has explored the positive aspects of affect, the present study suggests that affect may not have a uniformly positive influence.
Teacher effectiveness through self-efficacy, collaboration and principal leadership
Authors: Sehgal Prachee , Nambudiri Ranjeet , Mishra Sushanta Kumar
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Teacher effectiveness has been a matter of concern not only for the parents and students but also for the policy makers, researchers, and educationists. Drawing from the “self-efficacy” theory (Bandura, 1977), the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and teacher effectiveness. In addition, it explores the role of collaboration among teachers and principal leadership in explaining the above relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 575 secondary school teachers and 6,020 students representing grade 6-12th from 25 privately owned schools in India. Teacher self-efficacy, collaboration and principal leadership were reported by the teachers whereas effectiveness of each teacher was captured from around ten students each who were taught by the corresponding teacher. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS.

Findings

Results confirmed a positive association between teacher self-efficacy and the three dimensions of teacher effectiveness, namely, teacher’s delivery of course information, teacher’s role in facilitating teacher-student interactions, and teacher’s role in regulating students’ learning. Results also confirmed that both collaboration and principal leadership are positively related to teacher self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The results of the study indicate that schools need to focus on enhancing self-efficacy of their teachers and give importance to teacher collaboration and principal leadership in order to improve their effectiveness in terms of delivery of instruction, teacher-student interactions, and regulating student learning.
Reliability analysis of multi-state system with application of multiple-valued logic
Authors: Zaitseva Elena , Levashenko Vitaly
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new mathematical method for the reliability analysis and evaluation of multi-state system (MSS) reliability that agrees with specifics of such system. It is possible based on the application of multiple-valued logic (MVL) that is a natural extension of Boolean algebra used in reliability analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Similar to Boolean algebra, MVL is used for the constriction of the structure function of the investigated system. The interpretation of the structure function of the MSS in terms of MVL allows using mathematical methods and approaches of this logic for the analysis of the structure function.

Findings

The logical differential calculus is one of mathematical approaches in MVL. The authors develop new method for MSS reliability analysis based on logical differential calculus, in particular direct partial logical derivatives, for the investigation of critical system states (CSSs). The proposed method allows providing the qualitative and quantitative analyses of MSS: the CSS can be defined for all possible changes of any system component or group of components, and probabilities of this state can also be calculated.

Originality/value

The proposed method permits representing the MSS in the form of a structure function that is interpreted as MVL function and provides the system analyses without special transformation into Boolean interpretation and with acceptable computational complexity.
Availability and cost analysis of an engineering system involving subsystems in series configuration
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Pant Sangeeta , Singh S.B.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate various reliability measures like availability, reliability, mean time to failure and profit function.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors present a novel method for availability analysis of an engineering system incorporating waiting time to repair. The considered system consists of two subsystems, namely, A and B connected in series. The subsystem B has two identical units in standby arrangement. Each unit of the subsystem has two modes, i.e. normal efficiency or failed. The two standby units of the subsystem B are connected by an imperfect switching. The system is analyzed by supplementary variable technique, Laplace transformation and Gumbel-Hougaard family of copula.

Findings

Numerical examples with a way to highlight the important results have been appended at last. Numerical calculation shows that availability and reliability of the system is decreasing with respect to time when failure rates are fixed at different values. Finally, cost analysis of system reveals that the expected profit decreases with increase in service cost.

Originality/value

This paper presents a mathematical model in which an important aspect of switching has been taken into consideration, which is consistent with actual failures of switching by assuming two different types of failure between adjacent transition. It is evaluated with the help of the Gumbel-Hougaard family of copula.
Too new or too complex? Why consumers’ aesthetic sensitivity matters in apparel design evaluation
Authors: Seifert Christin , Chattaraman Veena
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the individual and joint effects of collative design factors, complexity and novelty, on aesthetic response to apparel products; and whether the influence of these factors is moderated by consumers’ centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA).

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed factorial experimental design, using women’s tops with design complexity and novelty (high vs low) manipulated orthogonally, was conducted among 260 female participants to test the model and its corresponding hypotheses.

Findings

Consumers’ aesthetic response was more positive for high than low complexity and novelty apparel designs. Further, when viewed in combination, high complexity + low novelty and low complexity + high novelty apparel designs were favored over high complexity + high novelty and low complexity + low novelty apparel designs, respectively. High CVPA consumers were more distinguishing than low CVPA consumers with respect to novelty in apparel designs.

Practical implications

This study suggests that firms need to be aware that complexity and novelty are crucial for consumers when judging apparel designs.

Originality/value

This study fills an important knowledge gap in the aesthetics literature by drawing on the processing fluency theory and Wundt curve and considering the joint effect of novelty and complexity, both critical determinants of a product’s marketplace success.
Shariah-compliant investments and stock returns: evidence from the Indonesian stock market
Authors: Lusyana Devi , Sherif Mohamed
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the IndonesiaShariah-compliant Stock Index (ISSI) on the performance of included shares. In essence, the authors ask whether the establishment of the ISSI provides abnormal returns for the firms that are not included in the Jakarta Index.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use an event study methodology to estimate cumulative abnormal returns in the days surrounding the event to examine the relationship betweenShariah-compliant investments and stock returns. The estimation window of 90 trading days prior to the event (−30) to day 60 after (+60) is adopted. They also use a range of investment performance measures to provide new evidence on whether faith-based ethical investments generate superior performance compared to their unscreened benchmarks.

Findings

Using daily returns, the Indonesia ISSI and panel data model, the findings show that the inclusion of the ISSI has a positive impact on the financial performance of the included shares during the 41-day event window. The evidence also suggests that the ethical investment has a significant influence on the performance of stock market returns.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers insights to policymakers, investors and fund managers interested in the indices’ performance. A key conclusion that could be derived by bodies that regulate Islamic products and services is that investors are not only concerned about what is profitable but also what makes their investments ethical.

Originality/value

Although the global growth of the Islamic capital market products and services has been tremendous in recent years, very few studies focus on the Indonesian market and indeed, none of them devote sufficient attention toShariah-compliant investments and stock returns.
Determinants and outcomes of brand hate
Authors: Hegner Sabrina M. , Fetscherin Marc , van Delzen Marianne
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the concept of brand hate. The authors present a taxonomy of the main determinants and outcomes of brand hate and empirically assess our model.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey design using cross-sectional primary data from 224 German consumers was used. Hypotheses related to determinants and outcomes of brand hate were tested by means of structural equation modelling.

Findings

Findings show that brand hate is triggered by three determinants (negative past experience, symbolic incongruity, ideological incompatibility) and leads to three behavioral outcomes (brand avoidance, negative word-of mouth, brand retaliation).

Originality/value

This paper explores and outlines theoretically and empirically the determinants and outcomes of brand hate. It also provides a useful taxonomy of brand hate.
Grass-mud horse: Luhmannian systems theory and internet censorship in China
Authors: Clark Carlton , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to elucidate the systemic processes underlying the enhanced information-control measures taken by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. The tightening of state information control has stimulated increasingly sophisticated methods of disseminating information on the part of professional and citizen journalists. Drawing on social systems theory as articulated by Niklas Luhmann and others, the authors frame the CCP’s enhanced information-control efforts as a response to the increasing systemic complexity of Chinese journalism, which is part of a self-reproducing, self-regulating (autopoietic) global journalism system. The authors use both subtle and overt protests over Chinese censorship as evidence for the journalism system’s increasing complexity and autonomy. The authors observe that levels of complexity ratchet up as the CCP and Chinese journalism counter each other’s moves. Finally, the authors suggest that the increasing complexity of the CCP’s information-control apparatus may be unsustainable.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors ground their argument in Luhmannian social systems theory.

Findings

The CCP's effort to control journalism leads to increased internal complexity in the form of huge bureaucracies that themselves must be overseen in an almost endless proliferation of surveillance.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes to theoretical work in post-humanism.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, no studies have examined the tension between CCP censors and Chinese journalism from a Luhmannian systems theory perspective.
The economies (and diseconomies) of distributed technologies
Authors: Barile Sergio , Simone Cristina , Calabrese Mario
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on distributed technologies with the aim of highlighting their economic-organizational dimensions. In particular, the contribution first presents a deeper understanding of the nature and the dynamics of the economies and diseconomies that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies. Second, it aims to shed light on the increasing tension between the hierarchy-based model of production and peer-to-peer (p2p) production, which involves the pervasive diffusion of distributed technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting an economic-organizational perspective, which is deeply rooted in the related extant literature, an analytically consistent model is developed to simultaneously take into account the following variables: adoption density independent variable) and economies of knowledge integration and organizational diseconomies (the costs of a loss of control and the costs of organizational decoupling and recoupling) as dependent variables.

Findings

Distributed technologies allow access to a large quantity and a wide variety of cognitive slacks that have not been possible until now. In doing so, they are leading the transition towards p2p. This is an emerging production paradigm that is characterized – with respect to mass production – by a shift in the relative importance of cognitive slack in comparison with tangible slack. Nevertheless, the unrestrainable diffusion of distributed technologies is not neutral for organizations. On the one hand, these technologies allow for the integration of economies of knowledge, and on the other hand, they involve organizational diseconomies that should not be ignored by managers and researchers.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap in the literature by developing a consistent analytical framework that simultaneously takes into account the economies of knowledge integration and potential organizational diseconomies (the costs of coordination and the loss of control) that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies.
Evolution of internal quality assurance at one university – a case study
Authors: O’Sullivan David
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Quality assurance (QA) at one University has evolved over the past 15 years through emerging National and European standards, various leadership initiatives and through the engagement of key stakeholders in co-designing and implementing internal QA processes. In 2000, the QA process was focussed mainly on quality review (QR) that involved extensive reporting of information. It was characterised by stakeholders as a largely reactive culture, treated with scepticism by faculty staff and that struggled to convince both management and faculty that QA provided value. In 2016, QR is now leaner, more evidence based and focussed around creativity and enhancement. In addition to QR, additional QA processes now incorporate a variety of activities including benchmarking, structured policies and procedures and research assessment. QA is also part of a tripartite approach that links quality, strategy and performance together, with quality focusing on assuring an appropriate standard of excellence, strategy guiding faculty towards a vision of the future and performance providing evidence of quality enhancement and strategy execution. The paper provides a case study of the transformation of QA at the University.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a case study approach. It documents a methodology used to engage a wide number of stakeholders in a self-evaluation process and the results of that process, i.e. enhancements to the internal review process and various policies and procedures.

Findings

There are early indications that the University’s internal QA has migrated towards a more responsive culture and is increasingly endorsed by the various internal and external stakeholder groups.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents the evolution of QA and potential lessons for the wider Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) sector.

Originality/value

This paper provides a case study of changes to QA processes at one university that has risen significantly in various university rankings since. Some evidence is provided to show that quality initiatives have contributed to overall performance.
Subtle convergence?
Authors: Suominen Olli , Kallo Johanna , Rinne Risto , Fan Yihong
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Different aspects of the globalisation of Chinese basic education have been examined in recent studies. This paper aims to contribute to this research base by examining the relationship between global quality assurance and evaluation (QAEVAL) trends and reforms in the Chinese basic education system.

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant research literature in English and Chinese was reviewed to assesses whether a movement of increasing convergence with global QAEVAL policy contents and policy instruments has taken place in China following the introduction of the so-called “equality education”. A guiding theory regarding the basic features of QAEVAL was used to conceptually structure the findings of the authors.

Findings

The findings indicate that several subtle convergences are evident in China with global trends in QAEVAL, but a few notable exceptions are also evident.

Research limitations/implications

Albeit the research indicates certain convergence, the authors acknowledge that further research is still needed to examine causal mechanisms of QAEVAL policy convergences and the processes and logic through which global trends are localised.

Originality/value

Both the importance of QAEVAL in global education governance as well as China’s importance to world affairs are increasing. However, so far, the effects of QAEVAL policies on China’s education system have not been thoroughly examined. This paper can serve as a concise starting point for examining the topic more deeply.
Safari Science: assessing the reliability of citizen science data for wildlife surveys
Authors: Steger Cara , Butt Bilal , Hooten Mevin B.
Published: April 2017

Protected areas are the cornerstone of global conservation, yet financial support for basic monitoring infrastructure is lacking in 60% of them. Citizen science holds potential to address these shortcomings in wildlife monitoring, particularly for resource‐limited conservation initiatives in developing countries – if we can account for the reliability of data produced by volunteer citizen scientists (VCS).

This study tests the reliability of VCS data vs. data produced by trained ecologists, presenting a hierarchical framework for integrating diverse datasets to assess extra variability from VCS data.

Our results show that while VCS data are likely to be overdispersed for our system, the overdispersion varies widely by species. We contend that citizen science methods, within the context of East African drylands, may be more appropriate for species with large body sizes, which are relatively rare, or those that form small herds. VCS perceptions of the charisma of a species may also influence their enthusiasm for recording it.

Tailored programme design (such as incentives for VCS) may mitigate the biases in citizen science data and improve overall participation. However, the cost of designing and implementing high‐quality citizen science programmes may be prohibitive for the small protected areas that would most benefit from these approaches.

Synthesis and applications. As citizen science methods continue to gain momentum, it is critical that managers remain cautious in their implementation of these programmes while working to ensure methods match data purpose. Context‐specific tests of citizen science data quality can improve programme implementation, and separate data models should be used when volunteer citizen scientists' variability differs from trained ecologists' data. Partnerships across protected areas and between protected areas and other conservation institutions could help to cover the costs of citizen science programme design and implementation.
Proscribing National Action: Considering the Impact of Banning the British Far‐Right Group
Authors: Allen Chris
Published: April 2017

In December 2016, the British Government banned National Action for being an extremist organisation. It was the first time in British history that membership of a far‐right group was outlawed. While so, little is known about the group. This article responds to this lack of knowledge by setting out the origins of National Action and its leaders, its preference for a traditionalist Nazi ideology, and its penchant for stunts and demonstrations to gain media attention and publicity. The article concludes by considering whether proscription was rather more symbolic than serious.
A growth‐ and bioluminescence‐based bioreporter for the in vivo detection of novel biocatalysts
Authors: van Rossum Teunke , Muras Aleksandra , Baur Marco J.J. , Creutzburg Sjoerd C.A. , van der Oost John , Kengen Servé W.M.
Published: April 2017

The use of bioreporters in high‐throughput screening for small molecules is generally laborious and/or expensive. The technology can be simplified by coupling the generation of a desired compound to cell survival, causing only positive cells to stay in the pool of generated variants. Here, a dual selection/screening system was developed for the in vivo detection of novel biocatalysts. The sensor part of the system is based on the transcriptional regulator AraC, which controls expression of both a selection reporter (LeuB or KmR; enabling growth) for rapid reduction of the initially large library size and a screening reporter (LuxCDABE; causing bioluminescence) for further quantification of the positive variants. Of four developed systems, the best system was the medium copy system with KmR as selection reporter. As a proof of principle, the system was tested for the selection of cells expressing an l‐arabinose isomerase derived from mesophilic Escherichia coli or thermophilic Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. A more than a millionfold enrichment of cells with l‐arabinose isomerase activity was demonstrated by selection and exclusion of false positives by screening. This dual selection/screening system is an important step towards an improved detection method for small molecules, and thereby for finding novel biocatalysts.
Fracturing and fluid‐flow during post‐rift subsidence in carbonates of the Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Bertotti Giovanni , de Graaf Stefan , Bisdom Kevin , Oskam Brigit , B. Vonhof Hubert , H. R. Bezerra Francisco , J. G. Reijmer John , L. Cazarin Caroline
Published: April 2017

Pervasive fracture networks are common in many reservoir‐scale carbonate bodies even in the absence of large deformation and exert a major impact on their mechanical and flow behaviour. The Upper Cretaceous Jandaíra Formation is a few hundred meters thick succession of shallow water carbonates deposited during the early post‐rift stage of the Potiguar rift (NE Brazil). The Jandaíra Formation in the present onshore domain experienced <1.5 km thermal subsidence and, following Tertiary exhumation, forms outcrops over an area of >1000 km2. The carbonates have a gentle, <5⁰, dip to the NE and are affected by few regional, low displacement faults or folds. Despite their simple tectonic history, carbonates display ubiquitous open fractures, sub‐vertical veins, and sub‐vertical as well as sub‐horizontal stylolites. Combining structural analysis, drone imaging, isotope studies and mathematical modelling, we reconstruct the fracturing history of the Jandaíra Formation during and following subsidence and analyse the impact fractures had on coeval fluid flow. We find that Jandaíra carbonates, fully cemented after early diagenesis, experienced negligible deformation during the first few hundreds of meters of subsidence but were pervasively fractured when they reached depths >400–500 m. Deformation was accommodated by a dense network of sub‐vertical mode I and hybrid fractures associated with sub‐vertical stylolites developed in a stress field characterised by a sub‐horizontal σ1 and sub‐vertical σ2. The development of a network of hybrid fractures, rarely reported in the literature, activated the circulation of waters charged in the mountainous region, flowing along the porous Açu sandstone underlying the Jandaíra carbonates and rising to the surface through the fractured carbonates. With persisting subsidence, carbonates reached depths of 800–900 m entering a depth interval characterised by a sub‐vertical σ1. At this stage, sub‐horizontal stylolites developed liberating calcite which sealed the sub‐vertical open fractures transforming them in veins and preventing further flow. During Tertiary exhumation, several of the pre‐existing veins and stylolites opened and became longer, and new fractures were created typically with the same directions of the older features. The simplicity of our model suggests that most rocks in passive margin settings might have followed a similar evolution and thus display similar structures.
City of the High Dam: Aswan and the Promise of Postcolonialism in Egypt
Authors: REYNOLDS NANCY Y.
Published: April 2017

Aswan city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s due to the building of the High Dam nearby. The “promising future” of the city involved an array of projects to reconstruct the built environment and modify socio‐spatial practices of exclusion that had formed in the colonial period. This article examines several new building projects of the 1960s, such as housing settlements, new riverfront thoroughfares, and transportation systems, as well as imaginaries of city living, expressed in fictional and journalistic writing and film, to excavate a history of the city. The emphasis on debris and cleanliness in these narratives demonstrates that small‐scale and local ruin‐making practices of residents modified the easy language of promise employed by the postcolonial state. This history reveals the insufficiency of the binary of coercion and consent most often used to explain relations of power and affect in postcolonial states. Provincial cities remain marginalized in Middle Eastern urban studies, and yet the intimate scale of heterogeneity of provincial cities can reveal stark urban geographies of difference. [postcolonialism, dam, urban, ruin, housing, Egypt]
The retrosplenial cortex and object recency memory in the rat
Authors: Powell Anna L. , Vann Seralynne D. , Olarte‐Sánchez Cristian M. , Kinnavane Lisa , Davies Moira , Amin Eman , Aggleton John P. , Nelson Andrew J. D.
Published: April 2017

It has been proposed that the retrosplenial cortex forms part of a ‘where/when’ information network. The present study focussed on the related issue of whether retrosplenial cortex also contributes to ‘what/when’ information, by examining object recency memory. In Experiment 1, rats with retrosplenial lesions were found to be impaired at distinguishing the temporal order of objects presented in a continuous series (‘Within‐Block’ condition). The same lesioned rats could, however, distinguish between objects that had been previously presented in one of two discrete blocks (‘Between‐Block’ condition). Experiment 2 used intact rats to map the expression of the immediate‐early gene c‐fos in retrosplenial cortex following performance of a between‐block, recency discrimination. Recency performance correlated positively with levels of c‐fos expression in both granular and dysgranular retrosplenial cortex (areas 29 and 30). Expression of c‐fos in the granular retrosplenial cortex also correlated with prelimbic cortex and ventral subiculum c‐fos activity, the latter also correlating with recency memory performance. The combined findings from both experiments reveal an involvement of the retrosplenial cortex in temporal order memory, which includes both between‐block and within‐block problems. The current findings also suggest that the rat retrosplenial cortex comprises one of a group of closely interlinked regions that enable recency memory, including the hippocampal formation, medial diencephalon and medial frontal cortex. In view of the well‐established importance of the retrosplenial cortex for spatial learning, the findings support the notion that, with its frontal and hippocampal connections, retrosplenial cortex has a key role for both what/when and where/when information.
Similarities and differences between older and young adult patients with celiac disease
Authors: Kalkan Çağdaş , Karakaya Fatih , Soykan Irfan
Published: April 2017

Aim

Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy with variable clinical symptoms. Elderly patients can have different manifestations from those of young patients. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether any differences or similarities exist between older and young patients with celiac disease with a special emphasis on concurrent autoimmune diseases.

Methods

Celiac disease patients were stratified as older and younger patients. These two groups were then compared by means of clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and concurrent autoimmune diseases. Factors associated with the presence of an autoimmune disease were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

There were 66 older patients (mean age 67.7 ± 3.2 years, 50 women), and 277 younger patients (mean age 35.9 ± 11.7 years, 207 women). Of the 66 older patients, eight patients had gastrointestinal symptoms and 58 patients had extradigestive symptoms. In the younger group, the number of patients referred due to gastrointestinal symptoms was higher (8 [12.2%] vs 200 (72.2%), P < 0.001) compared with the older group. Whereas 10 (15.1%) older patients showed polyautoimmunity, 55 (19.8%) younger patients had polyautoimmunity. Multiple autoimmune syndrome was more common in older patients compared with young patients (31 [47%] vs 12 [4%], P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

The presentation of celiac disease clinically, histologically and by means of laboratory parameters is different in older and young patients. Polyautoimmunity and multiple autoimmune syndrome are more common in older patients compared with younger patients. A biopsy score of Marsh score type, antinuclear antibody positivity, high serum anti‐tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A level and low hemoglobin level were risk factors for having an autoimmune disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2060–2067.
Histopathological characteristics of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesion
Authors: Kim Aram , Han Ju‐Young , Ryu Chae‐Min , Yu Hwan Yeul , Lee Seungun , Kim YongHwan , Jeong Se Un , Cho Yong Mee , Shin Dong‐Myung , Choo Myung‐Soo
Published: April 2017

Aims

To assess the distinct histopathological characteristics and their clinical significance between non‐Hunner‐type and Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS).

Methods and results

We prospectively enrolled and classified IC/BPS patients, on the basis of cystoscopic findings, as having non‐Hunner‐type IC and Hunner‐type IC. Specimens obtained from the posterior wall in non‐Hunner‐type IC cases during hydrodistension or from Hunner/non‐Hunner lesions in Hunner‐type IC cases during transurethral resection were evaluated. Stress urinary incontinence patients with microscopic haematuria were selected as controls. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 non‐Hunner‐type IC, 15 Hunner‐type IC and 5 non‐IC patients. Severe and moderate fibrosis was more frequently observed in non‐Hunner‐type IC than in Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases. However, severe and moderate inflammation was more frequently observed in Hunner‐type IC than in non‐Hunner‐type IC cases. The remnant urothelium was significantly decreased in Hunner‐type IC cases as compared with non‐Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases (P < 0.05), and non‐Hunner‐type IC cases showed a higher number of mast cells than Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases (P = 0.035). Accordingly, several fibrosis‐promoting genes were highly expressed in bladder tissues of non‐Hunner‐type IC, as compared with Hunner‐type IC. Patients with severe fibrosis showed significantly higher urinary frequency and smaller bladder capacity than those with moderate and mild fibrosis (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Non‐Hunner‐type IC is characterized by severe fibrosis and increased mast cell infiltration, whereas Hunner‐type IC is characterized by severe inflammation and urothelial denudation in the entire bladder. Fibrosis in the bladder of IC/BPS patients was correlated with increased urinary frequency and decreased bladder capacity.