bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of PDO mesh and research on its fabrication parameters
Authors: LU YAO , CHEN SI , LI NAN-NAN , GUO CHAO , HU BIN , CHEN YOUKAI , ZHOU SHUANG-LIN
Published: July 2019

Using prosthesis to replace weaken tissues or fascia in pelvic is accepted by more people in present medicine field. PDO
is also considered to be an ideal degradable material such as PP, which was the most popular used type in medical area.
The paper prepared macro-porous structure PDO meshes using an armor plate model of square-pore structure and raw
material of PDO monofilaments. Fabrication parameters including monofilament diameter, pore size, pore shape were
discussed based on a suitable mechanical properties of PDO meshes. The optimal fabrication processes were obtained
after then. The results revealed that PDO monofilaments of 0.23 mm diameter could make mesh to own moderate weight,
thickness and tensile strength, as well as the largest suture pulling out force. Square-pore shape strengthened mesh
tensile force, maintaining larger suture pulling out force especially compared to that of rhombus-pore shape. As for pore
size, PDO mesh with 5 mm pores had larger strength, also satisfying requirement of mesh’s lightweight. In vitro
degradation of PDO mesh was measured using 3 different diameter monofilaments. All samples were significantly
degraded only after 10 weeks, with weight loss rate reaching to about 30% after 16 weeks. Finally, PDO mesh was
assessed to have an obvious lightweight advantage, but low strength risk by comparison to several commercial mesh
products.
Optimization of coating parameters for air permeability of denim fabrics
through Taguchi method
Authors: ÜSTÜNTAĞ SÜMEYYE , TÜRKSOY HÜSEYİN GAZİ
Published: July 2019

Coating technology is an increasingly popular method for creating special designs and getting different appearance to
denim fabrics. Depending on the expected properties from denim fabrics, the process parameters of coating can be
changed. It is important issue how process parameters affect the comfort characteristics of denim fabrics. The present
study is aimed at optimizing the various coating process parameters for the air permeability properties of denim fabrics by
using Taguchi method. The parameters selected for optimization are squeeze pressure, viscosity of coating fluid, fabric
passing speed, drying temperature and weft density of fabrics. An L27 (3
5
) orthogonal design was chosen as experimental
plan. In the evaluations with Taguchi Method, analyses of the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and variance (ANOVA) were used.
The results show that weft density and viscosity have significant influence on the air permeability properties of coated
denim fabrics.
Unravelling the effects of interorganizational networks
oninnovation in the textile industry. The case of the Valencian
cluster in Spain
Authors: TOMÁS-MIQUEL JOSÉ-VICENTE , EXPÓSITO-LANGA MANUEL , BRĂTUCU GABRIEL , BARBULESCU OANA
Published: July 2019

cholars have supported the idea that interorganizational knowledge networks are a key factor for firms’ innovation in
clusters. Yet, existing empirical evidence suggests that, while networks can enhance firms’ innovative performance, not all
network linkages influence to the same extent. On this basis, this paper aims to explore in a Spanish textile cluster how
the involvement in business and technical knowledge networks influences textile firms’ innovation. The results reveal the
influence of the firms’ connectedness to the cluster knowledge network on their innovative results, although only in the
case of the technical knowledge network. These findings provide relevant insights for an efficient management of territorial
networks at the firm level and for a better definition of textile clusters’ industrial policies.
An Alternative Paradigm for Urban Development
Authors: Khan Mumtaz Kamil
Published: July 2019

For an increasing number of people around the world, habitation is not a question of good or bad architecture but of shelter, food, health and economic survival, a question of political empowerment, domination and the control over resources, and ultimately a question of criteria and goals of “development” and “progress”.
Note:
How Does Environmental Economics Function?
Authors: Chaudhry Shamyla
Published: July 2019

In economics we study how and why “people” whether they are
consumers, firms, non-profit organisations or government agencies make
decisions about the use of valuable limited resources. When studying the
environment from an economics perspective we are in fact primarily
focusing on how and why “people” make decisions that have environmental
consequences. Secondly, we focus on how we can manage institutions to
bring these environmental impacts more into balance with changing human
demands and the demands of the ecosystem itself.
In Hazardous Industries in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Akmal
Published: July 2019

This paper is the first systematic attempt at understanding the
nature and extent of hazards faced by child workers in the construction and
related industries, which perhaps are not only growing more rapidly but
have far greater hazards than any other set of occupations in which children
are employed.
This study is based on a field survey of 400 child workers in 200
small-scale establishments in Lahore. Section I places the study in the
overall perspective of child work in Pakistan. An estimate of the total
number of child workers in the country is made, the latest legislation on
child labour discussed and the working conditions of children in the major
occupations are analysed. Section II is devoted to a discussion of the
specific working conditions of children in the construction and related
industries, based on gleaning the available secondary sources.
Latviešu 20. un 21. gadsimta dzejas vārdu krājumi statistiskā griezumā: pētījuma metodoloģija un provizoriskie rezultāti
Authors: Baklāne Anda
Published: July 2019

The paper discusses an ongoing study of Latvian poetry of the 20th and 21st century, explains its methodology and interprets some preliminary results. The aim of the study is to explore the dynamics of usage of common poetic concepts (such as natural phenomena, concepts of emotions etc.) and look for other patterns of lexical and semantic change that have occurred in the course of time. The study is conducted by statistically analysing a digital corpus of Latvian poetry. The paper shortly discusses current trends in digital humanities and argues that, although computational methods can prove to be forbiddingly difficult to use, there are tools that are comparatively accessible even without prior training in computer programming. In addition to that, even simple inquiries in the statistics of word usage can provide interesting results and allow building a case for further research. Three computational tools have been used for this paper—Stylo package for stylometric analysis, web-based text reading and analysis environment Voyant, and the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc. The results of statistical analysis suggest that certain trends in the dynamics of usage of concepts in the 20th century can be identified. Among the concepts of meteorological phenomena, ‘wind’ has been by far the most popular concept; furthermore, the usage of meteorological and emotion concepts most prominently fluctuates in the early 1950s and after 1990, indicating the change of poetic paradigms.
Problems and prospects of usage of secondary products of processing of natural phosphates for construction materials
Authors: A.P. Ilin , S.P. Kochetkov , S.V. Bryl , G.V. Rukhlin
Published: July 2019

In the article the problems and prospects of using of secondary products of processing of natural phosphates for obtaining building materials. This technology for production of complex fertilizers is carried out on a Chemical enterprises in Russia: Veliky Novgorod, Dorogouge and Kirovo-Chepetsk. It is noted that from 1 ton of P2O5 of apatite it is produced of CaCO3 about 80 kg. Total output of manmade chalk if you use apatite concentrate represented 896 thousand ton and does not solve the problem of the shortfall of cement in Russia technogenic raw materials, in addition, all obtained in this process, liquid wastes and solid by-products are utilized within these companies without reference to the construction industry. To use the maximum amount of phosphogypsum waste produced by the best Perera-motivate on the spot in sulphuric acid, the who-rotated in the manufacturing associated with obtaining cement, sinter for road construction or lime (depending on the needs of the market). According to classical method on 1 ton of 100% sulfuric acid and 1 ton port lancement spent 2.05 ton hosphogypsum (in terms of dry dihydrate).
The improvement of ecological monitoring for water bodies of the middle course of Syrdarya river
Authors: I.A. Usmanov
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to research of the ecological state of water bodies used by the population for drinking water usage. It is established that in areas of discharges of insufficiently treated industrial waste waters located in the river basin enterprises water quality does not meet the requirements on the studied parameters. To improve environmental monitoring and development of measures on protection of water objects in the basin of the middle course of the Syrdarya river carried out medium-term forecast of influence of the enterprise's waste water on water quality of the river Chirchik. The results of the forecast showed that by 2020, the standards of water quality in Chirchik river may be impaired for ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, petroleum products, and sanitary-indicative microorganisms. The magnitude of ammonia will exceed the installed regulations 2.9; nitrite and 9.3; nitrate and 3.2 and petroleum products – by 3.4 times, respectively. For the settlement period of the forecast should also expect increased levels of bacterial pollution of water by index lactosonegative Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli and enterococci. Based on the research developed the methodical recommendations on monitoring of water objects in the basin of the middle course of the Syrdarya river, to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the practical application of which will prevent further pollution of water bodies used for potable and cultural-domestic water use of the population.
Substantiation of the necessity of the energy saving in the multistory civil engineering
Authors: M.D. Korovina , P.S. Barashkova
Published: July 2019

In this paper the main reasons and prerequisites for increasing the energy efficiency of multistorey residential buildings as a way of reducing the energy intensity of Country’s economy and reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment were considered. The research methods were comprehensive, assessed, and include the literature review, the legislative and regulatory framework review, as well as the review and generalization of the accumulated native and foreign experience in the field of energy-saving. The high potential of the final energy consumption and the energy intensity of Russian construction sector redaction were noted, the main reasons were named. The necessity of carrying out energy-saving measures in multistorey housing construction was substantiated. In this paper the main problems facing the increase of energy efficiency of multistorey residential buildings, including the lack of scientific researches in this area and the low appeal of the research direction, caused by the features of market relations, were touched. State regulation was recognized as the most effective tool for overcoming existing problems. The main directions of further development were outlined. The need for further development of the regulatory and legal framework and a system of incentives and benefits for legal entities and individuals that effectively use energy resources was marked.
Analysis of the efficiency of small businesses in the construction and development of proposals for improving their performance in The Kingdom of Jordan
Authors: G.E. Okolnikova , O.A. Barham
Published: July 2019

The results of the analysis of the efficiency of the functioning of small enterprises in the construction market of Jordan are presented. The peculiarities and significance of the work of small enterprises in the economic sphere of the country are revealed. It is shown that the development of small and medium business in Jordan as a whole does not differ from the similar situation in other countries. This is due to the specifics of the processes of globalization of the economy.
Conditioning techniques technogenic raw materials used for binders
Authors: S.P. Kochetkov , S.V. Bryl , N.N. Smirnov , N.I. Rukhlina , G.V. Rukhlin
Published: July 2019

For production of binding building materials in Russia and worldwide, used a variety of calcium-containing natural raw material: calcium carbonates, aragonite (CaCO3); sulfates-gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O,CaSO4); oxides and hydroxides (bauxite glinozemservice); perforate-apatites and phosphates (Ca5∙(PO4)3∙F). The article discusses the need for air-conditioning of phosphogypsum to ensure that he was suitable without restrictions for processing into high-quality gypsum binders.
International Determinants on Indian Rubber Prices
Authors: A. N. Vijayakumar
Published: July 2019

India is one of the natural rubber producing countries in the world. Prices of natural rubber depends upon many important factors including import policy, crude oil prices, rubber production, demand, vehicle sales, international rubber production and prices etc., In the era of globalisation, Indian market of natural rubber has been integrated with international markets resulting any changes in the international factors would have simultaneous impact on rubber prices. In the recent past, the price of natural rubber in India has fallen from all time high to lowest within a short period of time. In this regard, this paper focusing on global determinants such as prices of crude oil, USD/INR, rubber prices of Thailand and Malaysia evaluated their influence on Indian rubber prices. This study finds the significant influence of crude oil, USD INR and Rubber prices of Thailand than other factors on India rubber prices.
A Study on Growth of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India - An Golden Opportunity for Growth of Indian Corporate Sectors
Authors: P. Govindan
Published: July 2019

The concept of Goods and Service Tax (GST) is one of the biggest revolutions in decades around the world. The main objective of this research is to investigates that the revenue collection of Goods and Service Tax (GST) month wise and its growth. It also examines that total number of 3 (b) and GSTR I return filed in Goods and Service Tax (GST) month, quarter wise and its growth rates as on 30th April, 2019 in India. This study used secondary data. This study used to descriptive statistical tools used such as tables, charts, percentage analysis for analysis and interpretation of data. Inferential statistical tools used such as correlation, paired t test to test various hypotheses of the study. The study period covered since its implementation to as on 30th April, 2019. This results of study indicated that total number of 1,31,88,052 GST tax payer and totally 20,31,884 (Rs in Thousand Crore) collected India as on 30th April, 2019. Out of twenty months positive growth having in eleven month and negative growth having nine months compared with previous month collections. This study finally suggested that government of India, ministry of finance, ministry of commerce and various State/UT governments to take necessary reforms in GST registrations, filing of GST return,payment of tax, refund, interest,penalty and various types GST exemptions different type of tax payers. It is finally concluded that the introduction of GST in India has replaced all indirect taxes in one tax and common market for entire nation it wills bring positive energy for entrepreneurs for staring new business ventures in India.
Modelling the Agglomerated GST Refund and Its Adverse Impact on Working Capital Requirement
Authors: Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2019

The present research work attempts to examine the constructs accountable for the accumulation of GSTRefund with the government and its corresponding adverse impact on the accelerated working capital requirement of the industry. Under the GST regime, the input tax can be adjusted against the output tax and the balance if any shall be carried forward untilit is fully recouped. The unadjusted input tax shall remain with the government, which undoubtedly enhancesthe working capital requirement or otherwise could be invested in to the fruitful projects and can contribute in the overall return of the organization. The over demanding working capital requirement due to the GST mechanism had surely made a dent on the industrial liquidity and is sending their future of the industry into dark. The present research work further investigates the exact influence of the accumulation of the GST on the working capital requirement of the industry. The extensive research work in this direction exhibit that five factors (legal provision, e-filling, Technical barriers, Transaction cost and GSTmechanism)which are responsible for the agglomeration of working capital requirement such as. Among the five accountable constructs legal provision and constructs relating to e-filling are the most accountable reasons causing harassment of the enhanced working capital requirement.The whole research work involved the proposed model derived by the researcher on the basis of literature reviewed in this direction. Firstly, the model was explored by the researcher using exploratory factor analysis on the basis of 16 statements using 7 point Likert scale taken from literature reviewed. Then the SEM technique is used through AMOS 18.0 to confer the proposed model and various hypothesis were set and tested during the research work. Five Factor model was explored and confirmed by the researcher which determines the level of pending GST refund with the government. Lastly, the impact of accumulated GST refund on the excessive working capital requirement was measured and remedies to this chronic problem are discussed.
Non Performing Assets - A Study on Size Differences of Commercial Banks
Authors: Rashika Jain
Published: July 2019

High level of NPAs leads to loss of income on one hand and on the other hand heavy provisioning requirements on NPAs leads to further erosion of already depleted profits. For any economy which is striving for achieving reasonable growth rate with the given resources, banking system acts as a blessing. Now banks perform the major role of channelizing the surplus funds of surplus savings unit and providing it to the deficit saving units. Today NPAs have become major drawback for Indian Banking Industry. NPAs are highly unacceptable due to the issues faced in terms of lower profitability and capital erosion. Study sample conprises of 35 Indian Commercial Banks and study period covers past 12 financial years spanning between 2007-2018. Data collected through secondary source is subjected to Trend Analysis, one way ANOVA and Gabriel Post Hoc test. Two financial ratios are used namely Gross NPAs to Gross Advances and Net NPAs to Net Advances.The present research work shows that medium sized banks are incurring NPAs higher than small banks and large banks. Small banks are more efficient than medium and large banks and thus banks should not always favor the merger and expansion strategies. The study reveals that there is no significant difference exists in Gross NPA to Gross Advances and Net NPA to Net Advances of small, medium and large banks.The study does not supports "too big to fail" attitude and foreshadows that big size of banks may not always provide economies of scale. Thus the society should evaluate the financial position from every aspect before voting in favor of medium and large banks.
STUDI POPULASI BAKTERI RESISTEN MERKURI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI TONDANO, KELURAHAN KETANG BARU, MANADO
Authors: Manampiring Aaltje E. , Keppel Billy J.
Published: July 2019

Kadar merkuri yang tinggi di perairan umumnya dapat mempengaruhi keadaan biota termasuk bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode cross sectional bertujuan untuk menguji resistensi bakteri di aliran sungai Tondano, Kelurahan Ketang Baru, Manado terhadap merkuri. Escherichia coli dan Bacillus careus (isolat1,1 dan 2,2) hanya dapar tumbuh pada konsentrasi HgCl2 0,02%. Lactobacillus sp. dan Veillonella parvula (isolat 1,2 2,1 3,1 dan 3,2) tumbuh pada konsentrasi HgCl2 0,06%. Lactobacillus sp. (isolat 3,1) saja yang tumbuh pada konsentrasi HgCl2 0,1% dan tidak ada bakteri yang mampu tumbuh pada konsentrasi HgCl2 0,2%. STUDY ON POPULATION OF MERCURY-RESISTANT BACTERIAIN THE WATERSHED AREA OF TONDANO RIVER,KELURAHAN KETANG BARU, MANADOHigh concentration of mercury in the watershed area can affect biota condition, including mercury-resistant bacteria. This descriptive research with cross-sectional method aimed to evaluate the mercury-resistance of bacteria in watershed area of Tondano, Kelurahan Ketang Baru, Manado. Escherichia coli and Bacillus careus (isolates 1,1, dan 2,2) were able to grow in HgCl2 0,02%. Lactobacillus sp. and Veillonella parvula (isolates 1,2 2,1 3,1 and 3,2) grow in HgCl2 0,06%. Lactobacilus sp. (isolate 3,1) only grow in HgCl2 0,1% and none of bacteria could grow in HgCl2 0,2%.
KEPADATAN DAN FREKUENSI JENIS BURUNG PEMANGSA DI HUTAN GUNUNG EMPUNG, TOMOHON, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Kindangen Nicky
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kepadatan dan frekuensi jenis-jenis burung pemangsa yang hidup di hutan Gunung Empung, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama kurang lebih 2 bulan, yaitu dari awal bulan Oktober hingga akhir November 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Titik Hitung yang ditempatkan secara acak mulai dari ketinggian 1000 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl) hingga ke puncak gunung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di hutan Gunung Empung terdapat 3 jenis burung pemangsa, yaitu Accipiter griseiceps, Accipiter gularis dan Milvus migrans. Burung pemangsa dengan kepadatan tertinggi adalah Milvus migrans, sedangkan burung pemangsa dengan frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi adalah Accipiter gularis. DENSITY AND FREQUENCY OF RAPTORS SPECIESAT MOUNT EMPUNG’S FOREST, TOMOHON, NORTH SULAWESIABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to determine the density and frequency of raptors at Mount Empung, Tomohon, North Sulawesi. This research was carried out for approximately 2 months, from early October until the end of November 2010. The method used for this research was Spot Count Method that was randomly placed from the altitude 1000 m above the sea surface to the top of the mount. The result showed that 3 species of raptors inhabited Empung’s forest, i.e. Accipiter griseiceps, Accipiter gularis and Milvus migrans. Raptor with the highest density rate was Milvus migrans, whereas the most frequent raptor was Accipiter gularis.
PEMODELAN PENYEBARAN POLUTAN DI UDARA DENGAN SOLUSI PERSAMAAN DIFUSI ADVEKTIF
Authors: Mosey Handy I. R.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKTelah dimodelkan penyebaran konsentrasi polutan di udara akibat emisi pabrik melalui persamaan difusi advektif. Sebagai syarat batas, polutan dianggap berasal dari suatu sumber titik dan penyebaran konsentrasinya dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas atmosfir. Selanjtunya, model diselesaikan dengan bahasa pemrograman MATLAB. Pada kondisi atmosfir stabil, polutan terkonsentrasi pada daerah dengan jarak 27-28 kilometer dari sumber polutan dengan nilai konsentrasi sebesar 3,1 mg/m3. Sedangkan pada kondisi atmosfir netral, konsentrasi polutan maksimum berada pada jarak 2,1 kilometer dari sumber dengan nilai 11 mg/m3. Pada kondisi atmosfir labil, konsentrasi polutan berada pada daerah yang cukup dekat dengan sumber, yaitu 0,6 kilometer dengan nilai 14,55 mg/m3. MODELING OF AIRBORNE-POLLUTANT SPREADING USING THE SOLUTION OF ADVECTIVE-DIFFUSION EQUATIONABSTRACTThe spreading of airbone-pollutant concentration that was resulted from factory effluent was modelled using advective-diffusion equation. In this modelling, it was considered that airbone-pollutant was resulted from a stationary point source and its spreading was affected by atmospheric stability. Model was completed by MATLAB programming. When atmosphere was stable, the pollutant was concentrated at 27-28 km distance from the source concentration 3,1 mg/m3. The maximum concentration of pollutant was 11 mg/m3 at 2,1 km distance under neutral atmosphere condition. The pollutant was concentrated at 0,6 km with magnitude 14,55 mg/m3 if the atmosphere was unstable.
DESKRIPSI IKAN FAMILI MUGILIDAE DI LIMA MUARA SUNGAI DI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Katili Deidy Y.
Published: July 2019

Deskripsi beberapa spesies ikan anggota Famili Mugilidae telah dilakukan di lima muara sungai di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, membandingkan aspek morfometrik dan meristik serta mengidentifikasi beberapa spesies ikan tersebut. Sampel ikan diambil dengan metode “appliance catch”, yaitu “coastal-throw net”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 138 ikan yang terbagi dalam 6 spesies dan 4 genus. Spesies ikan yang diidentifikasi ialah . Liza parmata, L. vaigensis, L. macrolepis, Mugil cephalus, Valamugil connesius and Oedalechilus labiosus. DESCRIPTION OF MUGILIDAE FISH IN FIVE RIVER EUSTUARIESOF NORTH SULAWESIABSTRACTSome fish of Mugilidae family in five river eustuaries of North Sulawesi were described. The aims of this research were describe, compare morphometric as well as meristic aspects, and identity these fish species. The appliance catch (coastal and throw net) was used in fish semples. The results showed there were 138 fish that were classofoed as 6 species and 4 genus,i.e. Liza parmata, L. vaigensis, L. macrolepis, Mugil cephalus, Valamugil connesius and Oedalechilus labiosus.
El-NINO DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI MANADO SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Tongkukut Seni Herlina J.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan analisis El-Nino dan pengaruhnya terhadap curah hujan di Manado Sulut dengan menggunakan data curah hujan bulanan dan Southern Oscillation Index SOI selama thn 1999-2009. Data curah hujan diperoleh dari BMKG Kayuwatu Manado Sulut dan data SOI diunduh dari website Biro Meteorologi Australia BoM. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Diperoleh hasil bahwa curah hujan kota Manado secara umum dari thn 1999-2008 dipengaruhi oleh SOI namun pada thn 2009 ketika terjadi El-nino, curah hujan bulanan Manado tidak dipengaruhi oleh efek El-nino. Hal ini karena pada saat yang sama suhu muka laut perairan Indonesia juga menghangat. EL-NINO AND ITS EFFECT ON RAINFALL IN MANADONORTH SULAWESIABSTRACTAnalysis of El-Nino and its effect on rainfall in Manado, North Sulawesi, using monthly rainfall data and the Southern Oscillation Index SOI during the years 1999-2009 has been carried out. Rainfall data obtained from BMKG Kayuwatu Manado and SOI data downloaded from the website of Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). The analysis was performed with simple linear regression analysis. The results obtained indicate that rainfall in Manado , in general, was influenced by SOI from the years 1999-2008, but when there is an El-Nino in 2009, monthly rainfall in Manado is not affected by the El-Nino effect. This is due to, at the same time, sea surface temperature in Indonesian territory are also warm.
PRODUKSI BIO-ETANOL DARI DAGING BUAH SALAK ( Salacca zalacca )
Authors: Thamrin Raymond , Runtuwene Max J.R , Sangi Meiske S
Published: July 2019

PRODUKSI BIO-ETANOL DARI DAGING BUAH SALAK ( Salacca zalacca ) Raymond Thamrin1), Max J.R. Runtuwene2), Meiske S. Sangi2) 1)Mahasiswa Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115; 2)Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115 ABSTRAK Studi ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari daging buah salak melalui proses fermentasi dengan menggunakan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dengan kadar 5% (b/b). Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 48 jam, kemudian filtratnya didestilasi selama 5 jam pada suhu 780C – 800C.  Selanjutnya destilat yang dihasilkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Biotanol yang dihasilkan dari proses tersebut memiliki kadar sebesar 49,92%. Kata kunci: bioetanol, daging buah salak, fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae   PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL FROM FLESH OF SALAK FRUIT ( Salacca zalacca ) ABSTRACT This study aimed to produce bioethanol from flesh of salak fruit through a fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with concentration of 5% (w/w). The fermentation process was carried out for 48 hours, then the filtrate was distilled for 5 hours at a temperature of 780C - 800C. Destilat was then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Bioethanol resulting from this process had concentration of 49.92%. Keywords : Bioethanol, salak’s meat, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA BIJI DAN KULIT BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria Giseke)
Authors: Ismail Jefriyanto , Runtuwene Max R.J , Fatimah Feti
Published: July 2019

PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA BIJI DAN KULIT BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria Giseke)ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan kandungan total fenolik dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan pada biji dan kulit buah pinang yaki. Ekstrak biji dan kulit buah pinang yaki diperoleh dengan maserasi tanpa sokletasi dan maserasi setelah sokletasi. Total fenolik diuji dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, kandungan total fenolik Maserasi Biji Setelah Sokletasi, Maserasi Kulit Setelah Sokletasi berturut-turut memiliki nilai sebagai berikut : 85,92 mg/kg, 3,16 mg/kg. sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan Maserasi Biji Setelah Sokletasi, Maserasi Kulit Setelah Sokletasi berturut-turut memiliki nilai sebagai berikut : 88,16%, 54,11%. Kata kunci : Antioksidan, Areca vestiaria Giseke, DPPH, Total Fenolik   TOTAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE SEED AND SKIN OF PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria Giseke) FRUITS ABSTRACT This research has been conducted to measure the total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the seed and skin of pinang yaki fruits. The samples of the seed and skin were prepared separetely by maceration and soxhlet extraction followed by maceration. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic compounds of while DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil) method was used to measure the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic compounds of the seed by soxhlet extraction followed by maceration, skin by soxhlet extraction followed by maceration and were 85,92 mg/kg, 3,16 mg/kg respectively. The antioxidant activity of the seed by soxhlet extraction followed by maceration, skin by soxhlet extraction followed by maceration and were 88,16%, 54,11% respectively. Keywords : Antioksidant, Areca vestiaria Giseke, DPPH, Total Phenolic Compounds
ISOTERM ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF STROBILUS PINUS (Pinus merkusii)
Authors: Kalensun Andre G , Wuntu Audy D , Kamu Vanda S
Published: July 2019

ISOTERM ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF STROBILUS PINUS (Pinus merkusii) ABSTRAK Adsorpsi senyawa organik volatil toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari strobilus pinus telah diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini arang aktif strobilus pinus dikarbonisasi pada suhu 400 0C dan diaktivasi dengan larutan ZnCl­2. Eksperimen adsorpsi selama 24 jam dalam wadah tertutup berukuran 6.5 L yang berisi gas toluena 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 dan 2 mL. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Untuk kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi toluena dihitung dengan persamaan Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adsorpsi (W0) arang aktif strobilus pinus yang teraktivasi adalah 0,1027 cm3/g dan energi adsorpsi (E0) adalah 13,286 kJ/mol. Sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi (W0) arang strobilus pinus tanpa pengaktivasi adalah 0,0267 cm3/g dan energi adsorpsi (E0) adalah  5,941 kJ/mol. Kata kunci: arang aktif, strobilus pinus (Pinus merkusii), adsorpsi   ISOTHERM ADSORPTION OF TOLUENE ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON MADE FROM STROBILUS PINE (Pinus merkusii) ABSTRACT The adsorption isotherm of toluene, an organic volatile compound, onto activated carbon prepared from strobilus pine was investigated. In this research, the carbon was carbonized at 400 oC and activated by ZnCl­2. The adsorption isotherm experiment was conducted for 24 hours in six 6.5 L-closed chambers, each was filled with 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 and 2.0 mL of toluene. The data were fitted to Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model in order to measure the adsorption capacity and the adsorption energy. The results showed that the adsorption capacity and the adsorption energy for the activated strobilus pine were 0.1027 cm3/g and 13.286 kJ/mol respectively, while for the unactivated strobilus pine were 0.0267 cm3/g and 5.941 kJ/mol respectively. Key word: activated carbon, strobilus pine (Pinus merkusii), adsorption.
PERKEMBANGAN ULAT BUAH Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS KACANG KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Siahaan Parluhutan , Maramis Redsway T.D
Published: July 2019

PERKEMBANGAN ULAT BUAH Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS KACANG KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan percobaan untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa varietas kacang kedelai (grobogan, willis, sinabung dan gepakijo) terhadap perkembangan ulat buah Heliothis armigera karena serangga ini adalah hama penting terhadap tanaman ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh sebutir telur untuk menetas tidak berbeda pada semua varietas yang diujikan. Hal sama juga terjadi pada persentase jumlah telur yang menetas pada keempat varietas tersebuttidak berbeda. Secara umum terlihat bahwa untuk semua parameter yaitu fase larva, fase pupa, fase imago dan keperidian serangga yang dipelihara pada kedelai varietas willis dan sinabung tidak ada perbedaan, tetapi berbeda nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan yang dipelihara  pada varietas grobagan. Sedangkan yang berkembang pada varietas grobogan berbeda nyata dengan yang berkembang pada varietas gepak ijo. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa varietas gepak ijo adalah varietas yang paling baik dalam menekan perkembangan serangga H. armigera. Kata kunci:  ulat buah, kacang kedelai   THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOTON BOLLWORM Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) ON SOME SOYBEAN VARIETIES (Glycine max L.) ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to see the effect of some soybean varieties (Grobogan, willis, sinabung and gepakijo) on the development of cotton bollworm Heliothis armigera because this insect is an important pest on this crop. The results showed that the time taken by an egg to hatch is not different at all tested varieties. The same thing also happened on the percentage of eggs that hatch in four varieties are no different. In general, it appears that for all the parameters, namely the phase larva, pupa, imago and fecundity of insects reared on soybean varietiess sinabung and willis is no difference, but significantly different when compared to those reared on varieties grobogan. While evolving at significantly different Grobogan varieties that thrive on gepak ijo varieties. It can be concluded that gepak ijo varieties are the best varieties in suppressing  the development of  H. armigera. Keywords: Cooton bollworm, soybean
ANALISIS SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG TANAMAN PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) DENGAN METODE Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)
Authors: Baud Grace S. , Sangi Meiske S. , Koleangan Harry S.J.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dan uji toksisitas pada batang tanaman Patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.). Analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dilakukan dengan skrining fitokimia yaitu senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin dan tanin pada ekstrak segar dan kering batang tanaman Patah tulang. Penentuan toksisitas ekstrak etanol batang tanaman Patah tulang menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Uji toksisitas digunakan hewan uji Artemia salina Leach sebagai bioindikator. Pada skrining fitokimia diperoleh positif flavonoid, tanin dan steroid sedangkan alkaloid, saponin dan triterpenoid negatif. Data pengujian toksisitas diperoleh dari analisis Lethality Concentration 50 (LC50) yang dilakukan dengan metode probit menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 20.0 (untuk sistem operasi Windows). Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol batang Patah tulang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak segar maupun kering bersifat sitotoksik dengan nilai LC50 (7,994ppm) untuk ekstrak etanol batang segar  dan LC50 (9,940ppm) untuk ekstrak etanol batang kering. Kata kunci : Euphorbia tirucalli L., Senyawa metabolit sekunder, Toksisitas, Artemia salina Leach, LC50.   ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND TOXICITY TEST OF  STEM  PLANT ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF  PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) BY BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST’S METHOD (BSLT) ABSTRACT A research on the analysis of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the stem of  patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) and its toxicity had been done. The analysis was performed through phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins and tannins on extracts of fresh and dried stem of the plant. Toxicity of ethanol extract of the stem was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method with Artemia salina Leach as bioindicator. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for flavonoids, tannins, and steroids and negative one for alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids. Toxicity data were obtained from Lethality Concentration 50 (LC50) calculation trhrough probit analysis using SPSS 20.0 software (for Windows operating systems). Toxicity test showed that ethanol extracts of the fresh and dried stem were cytotoxic with LC50 value of 7.994 ppm and 9.940 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Euphorbia tirucalli L., Secondary metabolite compounds, Toxicity, Artemia salina Leach, LC50.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN n-HEKSANA DARI DAUN RUMPUT SANTA MARIA (Artemisia vulgaris L.) PADA MINYAK IKAN
Authors: Bangol Erpi , Momuat Lidya I. , Abidjulu Jemmy
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan n-heksana dari daun Artemisia vulgaris L. Total fenolik diukur menggunakan metode Follin-Ciocalteau dengan asam galat sebagai larutan standar. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur berdasarkan analisis kadar peroksida dan malonaldehida (MDA) dari minyak ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki kandungan total fenolik sebesar 81.22 mg/kg dan ekstrak n-heksana sebesar 20.10 mg/kg. Kemampuan penghambatan peroksida maupun MDA oleh ekstrak etanol lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak n-heksana. Sebagai pembanding, α-tokoferol memiliki aktivitas penghambatan peroksida dan MDA lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak n-heksana, tetapi lebih rendah daripada ekstrak etanol. Kata kunci :Artemisia vulgaris L., antioksidan, fenolik, peroksida, malonaldehida   ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL AND n-HEXANE EXTRACTS OF LEAVES OF GRASS SANTA MARIA (Artemisia vulgaris L.) IN FISH OIL ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts of leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. Total phenolic was determined using Follin-Ciocalteau method with gallic acid as a standard solution. The antioxidant activity was measured based on the analysis of the levels of peroxide and malonaldehida (MDA) in fish oil. The results showed that the ethanol extract had a total phenolic content of 81.224 mg/kg and n-hexane extracts of 20.101 mg/kg. The ability of peroxide and MDA inhibition by ethanol extract was higher than that by n-hexane extract. For comparison, α-tocopherol has higher inhibitory activity on peroxide and MDA than n-hexane extracts, but lower than ethanol extract. Keywords: Artemisia vulgaris L., antioxidants, phenolic, peroxide, malonaldehida
IDENTIFIKASI PATAHAN MANADO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI HALF SCHLUMBERGER DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Manuho Jeldy , As’ari As’ari , Pasau Guntur
Published: July 2019

IDENTIFIKASI PATAHAN MANADO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI HALF SCHLUMBERGER DI KOTA MANADOABSTRAK Peta Geologi lembar Manado, Sulawesi Utara menunjukkan bahwa daerah penelitian yaitu jalan Ringroad kelurahan Malendeng kecamatan Paal II merupakan jalur yang dilalui oleh Patahan Manado, Untuk mendeteksi keberadaan Patahan digunakan metode Geolistrik Tahanan jenis dengan konfigurasi Half Schlumberger, dengan menggunakan 1 unit resistiviti meter GEPS 2000, diambil 1 Lintasan dengan 5 titik Pengukuran dengan panjang lintasan 200 meter. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software IP2WIN, berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisa data diperoleh pergeseran bidang lemah, keras dan lemah pada struktur patahan dan diduga sebagai kekar tarik. Kata Kunci : Half Schlumberger, Software IP2WIN, Patahan Manado. MANADO’S FAULT IDENTIFICATION BY USING GEOELECTRIC HALF SCHLUMBERGER CONFIGURATION AT MANADO ABSTRACT   Geology map of Manado, North Celebes shows that research region at Ringroad Street, Malendeng Village Subdistrict Paal 2 is a track of Manado’s Fault. In order to detect these Fault existence, geoelectrical resistivity method is applied in the manner of Half Schlumberger configuration, by using 1 unit resistivity meter GEPS 2000. One line with five point of measurement is taken in 200 meters long. Data processing is done by using IP2WIN software. By data processing and analysing are acquired a weak – strong – weak zone at Fault structure which is supposed as tensional Joint. Keywords : Half Schlumberger, IP2WIN  software, Manado’s Fault
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK METANOL Selaginella delicatula DAN Diplazium dilatatum TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Authors: Oroh Stery B. , Kandou Febby E.F. , Pelealu Johanis , Pandiangan Dingse
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat ekstrak metanol Selaginella delicatula dan Diplazium dilatatum terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pengujian daya hambat ekstrak terhadap bakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, yaitu metode difusi dengan cakram kertas. Ekstrak S. delicatula menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30%, 60% dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 0.00 mm, 6.70 mm dan 7.80 mm; serta menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 0.00 mm, 8.40 mm dan 13.00 mm. Ekstrak D. dilatatum menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30%, 60% dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 0.00 mm, 0.00 mm dan 6.70 mm; serta menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 0.00 mm, 0.00 mm dan 8.00 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak S. delicatula dan D. dilatatum tergolong dalam kategori kuat dan sedang serta memiliki potensi sebagai bahan dasar antibakteri, karena kedua ekstrak menunjukkan daya hambatnya. Kata kunci : tumbuhan paku, Selaginella delicatula, Diplazium dilatatum, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli INHIBITION TEST OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF Selaginella delicatula AND Diplazium dilatatum AGAINST BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichiacoli ABSTRACT This study aimed to test the inhibition of methanol extract of Selaginella delicatula and Diplazium dilatatum on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Testing inhibition of the extracts to bacterial using the Kirby-Bauer method, is the paper disk diffusion method. S. delicatula extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of extract 30%, 60% and 90% inhibition zone diameter respectively 0.00 mm, 6.70 mm and 7.80 mm; and inhibit the growth of E. coli with inhibition zone diameter respectively 0.00 mm, 8.40 mm and 13.00 mm. D. dilatatum extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of extract 30%, 60% and 90% inhibition zone diameter respectively 0.00 mm, 0.00 mm and 6.70 mm; and inhibit the growth of E. coli with inhibition zone diameter respectively 0.00 mm, 0.00 mm and 8.00 mm. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the extract of S. delicatula and D. dilatatum classified in the category of medium and strong and has potential as a base material for both extracts showed antibacterial inhibitory power. Keywords: ferns, Selaginella delicatula, Diplazium dilatatum, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
DENSITAS TANGKASI (Tarsius spectrum) PADA ELEVASI YANG BERBEDA DI GUNUNG KLABAT, MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Mantouw Mylton , Saroyo Saroyo , Rumende Rooije R.H. , Koneri Roni
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Tarsius spectrum (nama sinonim: Tarsius tarsier) dalam bahasa lokal disebut tangkasi (Minahasa), ngasi (Sulawesi Tengah), Tanda bona passo (Wana), Podi (Tolaki), Wengu (Mornene) merupakan spesies primata endemik Sulawesi. Tangkasi merupakan salah satu primata terkecil dan beberapa diantara anggota spesiesnya merupakan satwa endemik Sulawesi yang terancam punah dan dilindungi. Menurut IUCN (2008), tarsius dalam Red Data Book IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) termasuk dalam kategori vulnerable (rentan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung densitas tangkasi pada elevasi yang berbeda di Gunung Klabat, Minahasa Utara. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini ialah estimasi densitas Tangkasi berdasarkan vokalisasi (duet call) sesuai dengan yang dikembangkan oleh Saroyo et al (2014). Pada setiap elevasi dibuat 10 plot yang berbentuk lingkaran dengan diameter 100 m. Jarak antar plot 200 m. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, densitas tangkasi pada elevasi 500 mdpl (2,04 individu/Ha), elevasi 1000 mdpl (2,68 individu/Ha), elevasi 1500 mdpl (0,89 individu/Ha) dan elevasi 2000 mdpl (0,12 individu/Ha). Kata Kunci : Densitas, Tarsius spectrum, Gunung Klabat, Minahasa Utara DENSITY OF TANGKASI (Tarsius spectrum) AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS IN THE MOUNTAINS CLABAT, NORTH MINAHASA ABSTRACT Tarsius spectrum (synonym: Tarsius tarsier) in local language called tangkasi (Minahasa), ngasi (Central Sulawesi), Tanda bona passo (Wana), Podi (Tolaki), Wengu (Mornene) is a primate species endemic of Sulawesi. Tangkasi is one of the smallest primates and some of them the members of species is a species endemic to Sulawesi and protected. According to IUCN (2008), tarsius in the Red Data Book of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) are included in the category of vulnerable. The objective of this research is quantify the density tangkasi at different elevations in Klabat, North Minahasa. The method of this research is to estimate the density of Tangkasi based duet call that suit with that developed by Saroyo et al (2014). At each elevation has made 10 plots were in circle form with diameter of 100 m. The distance between the plot are 200 m. Based on the observations, the tangkasi density at elevation of 500 meters above the sea (2.04 individuals / ha), elevation of 1000 meters above the sea (2.68 individuals / ha), elevation of 1500 meters above the sea (0.89 individuals / ha) and the elevation of 2000 meters above the sea (0.12 individuals / ha). Keywords: Density, Tarsius spectrum, Clabat Mountain, North Sulawesi.