bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of face-centered-cubic polycrystalline plastic anisotropy under biaxial loading by crystal plasticity finite element method
Authors: Zhao Dan , Xin Cun , Jin Tao , Yan Xiaopeng , Ma Shenggguo , Wang Zhihua
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study to analyze the plastic anisotropy of 6061 aluminum alloy with finite deformation using crystal plasticity finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach

A representative volume element (RVE) model was constructed by Voronoi tessellation. In this model, grain shapes, grain orientations and distribution of grains were involved. The mechanical response of the component under composite loading was tested using specify cruciform specimen. Moreover, different stress and strain states in the specific central region were analyzed to reveal the effects of complex loading.

Findings

We calculated the influence of misorientation of adjacent grains as well as the evolution of the micro structure’s plastic deformation on the macroscopic deformation of the structure. Geometry design for the cruciform specimen helps obtain a homogenous distribution of the stress and strain at the specimen center. In this process, the initial grain orientation is also an important factor, and the larger misorientations between special grains may cause greater stress concentration.

Originality/value

The influence of micro-scale factors on macro-scale plastic anisotropy of AA6061 is analyzed using RVE model and cruciform specimen, and they offer a reference for related research.
Cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis A vaccination in a developed and developing country
Authors: Ghildayal Nidhi
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Hepatitis A is a prevalent disease that is largely preventable by vaccine usage. The vaccine for this illness is highly underused in most regions. In an attempt to find the strategies that are most beneficial in regard to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost in current environments, the purpose of this paper is to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to investigate vaccination strategies in a more economically developed country (MEDC), generally known as a “developed” area: the USA, and a less economically developed country (LEDC), generally known as a “developing” area: the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a dynamic transmission model for comparative effectiveness analyses. The model ran two different scenarios. The two regions studied have different policies and strategies for Hepatitis A vaccination currently, and also used different strategies in 2009. In the USA, a universal vaccination policy was modeled, along with a scenario in which it was removed. In Rio de Janeiro, a no vaccination policy was modeled, along with a scenario in which a universal vaccination policy was effected.

Findings

The comparison of resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio values to accepted threshold values showed universal vaccination to be cost-effective in both the USA and Rio de Janeiro as compared to no vaccination. When episode and vaccination costs and vaccination efficacy were varied, this still remained true. Universal vaccination was found to result in lower incidence of Hepatitis A in both the USA and Rio de Janeiro. Over the twenty-year time horizon, universal vaccination is projected to prevent 506,945 cases of symptomatic Hepatitis A in the USA and 42,318 cases of Hepatitis A in Rio de Janeiro. Other benefits include a projected increase in cumulative QALYs through the use of universal vaccination.

Originality/value

This analysis showed universal vaccination to be cost-effective as compared to no vaccination, and portions of the study’s approach had not previously been applied in tandem to investigate Hepatitis A interventions. The results may help foster higher compliance rates for Hepatitis A vaccination and even greater per-person economic benefits of universal vaccination, particularly in the USA. The purpose of this study is also to encourage elevated levels of surveillance on age of infection in developing regions and consistent reevaluation utilizing dynamic transmission models in both the USA and Brazil, as well as other rapidly developing regions, in order to prevent future epidemics and costs associated with the disease.
Interest-free microfinance in India: a case study of Bait-un-Nasr Urban Cooperative Credit Society
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Wasiullah , Waheed Khalid
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand interest-free microfinance practices in India, identify issues and recommend possible solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the proposed objectives, Bait-un-Nasr (BuN) Urban Cooperative Credit Society, located in Mumbai, India, is considered for the case study. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data are collected through questionnaires and secondary data from various sources. Performance of the institution is assessed in terms of growth and sustainability indicators.

Findings

It is found that BuN has been successful in providing interest-free microfinance services in India. A few operational issues have been highlighted and possible solutions are recommended. Moreover, it is found that in comparison to the microfinance industry standards, the performance of BuN has been lower.

Research limitations/implications

BuN is evaluated from only growth and sustainability aspects and not from the aspect of the socio-economic impacts of its services on the lives of customers.

Practical implications

This study would become a documented source of interest-free microfinance practices in India. Moreover, the recommendations provided, if implemented, would help BuN in further growth and development.

Social implications

This study would help create awareness in the society about the practices of interest-free microfinance.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the interest-free microfinance practices in India that have not received the needed attention. The paper also attempts to identify key issues pertaining to interest-free microfinance with possible solutions.
Alternatives for airport management in Brazil
Authors: da Costa Vitor Augusto Martins , Ribeiro Danielle Carvalho
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to answer the following question: Is PPP a financially viable alternative for the management of regional airports in Brazil?

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the case study of the innovative model of Zona da Mata Regional Airport management. It was used Value for Money as a method to compare this case with the conventional airport management alternative.

Findings

It was observed that, when compared to the airport management alternative through contracting third parties, the public–private partnership (PPP) provided a reduction of almost 70% of public spending on the management of this infrastructure. Besides the financial advantage, other benefits of this PPP contract were also observed.

Research limitations/implications

The analyses carried out in this study are not exhaustive and can be improved and remade as the life cycle of the PPP contract studied is progressed.

Practical implications

It was concluded, from the results found, that PPP is an efficient alternative for the management of regional airports in Brazil, and the model can be replicated for similar airports.

Originality/value

When analyzing the results of this innovative project of managing a regional airport through a PPP, this work made it possible to measure the positive impacts of this alternative and demonstrate the potential of the PPP as an alternative for the management of other regional airports in Brazil.
Religiosity level and saving decisions in Baitul Maal wat Tamwil: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya Ibrahim Fatwa , Hakim Arif Rahman , Saputro Nugroho , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between religiosity level and reasons for saving money in Islamic microfinance institutions [Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT)] in Surakarta and Sukoharjo, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

A chi-square test was used to identify the relationship between religiosity level and saving decisions in BMTs. In addition, the authors tested religiosity level and the reasons for transactions in both BMTs and conventional banking. Data were collected via a questionnaire. A total of 523 respondents from Surakarta and Sukoharjo, Indonesia, participated in the survey. The respondents are customers of 31 BMTs in Surakarta and Sukoharjo.

Findings

The authors find a significant relationship between one’s religiosity and the reason for saving money in BMTs. Products that are in accordance with Islamic principles form the highest reason for saving money in BMTs, followed by quality of service, recommendation from friends and location. In addition, purpose of business is the main reason for transactions in both BMTs and conventional banking. However, there is no significant relationship between religiosity level and the decision to transact in both BMTs and conventional banking.

Originality/value

There is a lack of literature discussing Islamic microfinance institutions, especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, BMT customers have different characteristics compared with those of large banks.
The role of consumer-brand engagement towards driving brand loyalty
Authors: Adhikari Kishalay , Panda Rajeev Kumar
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The present research attempts to empirically examine the influence of consumer-brand engagement, its potent antecedents, and relationship quality towards creating and enhancing brand loyalty of automobile brands in Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data through survey questionnaires were used to gather empirical data from 443 automobile consumers, out of which 417 samples were included in the final analysis. Structural equation modelling technique was used for assessing the hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among the constructs.

Findings

The empirical findings exhibit consumer involvement and brand interactivity contributes positively and significantly towards consumer-brand engagement, while self-brand image congruity does not significantly influence consumer-brand engagement. Further, mediation analysis results show that relationship quality partially mediates the linkage between consumer-brand engagement and brand loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

The outcomes of this research may provide novel insights and contribute to the limited body of knowledge regarding consumer-brand engagement. In addition, the findings may assist the automobile brand managers and market strategists to design strategies aimed at developing long-term consumer relationships.

Originality/value

This empirical research assesses the mediating effect of relationship quality in the linkage between consumer-brand engagement and brand loyalty for automobile brands, and to the best of our knowledge, has not been attempted by prior researchers in this domain.
Life‐history trade‐offs and senescence in plants
Authors: Roach Deborah A. , Smith Erin F.
Published: October 2019

An increasing number of studies have shown that senescence, the functional decline in traits and increased risk of mortality with increasing age, occurs in organisms in wild populations, but there is a wide range of diversity in the patterns of senescence across species.

The antagonistic pleiotropy and the disposable soma theories of senescence predict that there will be life‐history trade‐offs between performance at early‐ and late‐life stages. Plants show variation in senescence patterns and thus provide an opportunity to evaluate life‐history trade‐offs and senescence. Many plant species can be easily followed demographically and their environments, resources and allocation to reproduction can be manipulated, which makes them particularly good models to address these questions.

We compared the results from 22 studies of plant senescence in the wild and compiled 20 examples of life‐history trade‐offs in plants. Some of the unique features of plants that may influence senescence patterns and trade‐offs in the wild are highlighted through the results.

We found all three age‐specific patterns: age decline, age improvement and no change with age for plants in the wild. Most species showed an age‐dependent decline in at least one trait but, even within a species, the age‐specific patterns of traits varied. Results also showed that trade‐offs vary across environments and that plants can manipulate their resource pool through increases in photosynthesis, which will influence the manifestation of trade‐offs.

We conclude that aspects of plant biology including dynamic resource pools, the impact of size, dormancy and below‐ground storage may influence both the patterns of senescence and life‐history trade‐offs. The diversity of plant life forms and life cycles provide a wealth of opportunities to experimentally study senescence in the context of life‐history trade‐offs.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
ABCB1 polymorphism predicts the toxicity and clinical outcome of lung cancer patients with taxane‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Zhong Jia , Guo Zihan , Fan Liping , Zhao Xinghui , Zhao Bingqing , Cao Zhigang , Cheng Linlin , Shi Yuanyuan , Li Xiaoting , Zhang Yanhua , An Tongtong , Wu Meina , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Li Jianjie , Yang Xue , Chen Hanxiao , Jia Bo , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2019

Background

Taxane‐based chemotherapy is widely used in lung cancer. ABCB1 have a role in the prediction of treatment response and toxicity of chemotherapy in solid tumors. In this retrospective study, we investigated ABCB1 polymorphism on response and toxicity in taxane‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 122 lung cancer patients who received taxane‐based chemotherapy were included in this study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for ABCB1 polymorphism detection. Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.

Results

The frequency of the ABCB1 2677 site TT/TG/GG genotype was 32.8%, 43.4% and 23.8%, respectively and the frequency of the 3435 sites the TT/TC/CC genotype was 13.9%, 44.3% and 41.8%, respectively. The occurrence of neurotoxicity was higher in patients who had ABCB1 3435 site mutation (TT 88.2%, TC 22.2%, CC 21.6% P = 0.004). There was no significant difference between ABCB1 genotypes with regard to other chemotherapy‐induced toxicity. For non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, those harboring ABCB1 2677 and 3435 site wild‐type patients had longer median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the paclitaxel subgroup (3435 site: TT 3.87 vs. TC 9.50 vs. CC 14.13 months; P < 0.001; 2677 site: TT 4.37 vs. TG 9.73 vs. GG 12.1 months; P = 0.013). The area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) of 20 patients treated with docetaxel increased for ABCB1 mutation subgroups.

Conclusion

ABCB1 mutation is associated with higher neurotoxicity of taxane‐based chemotherapy. It also predicts shorter PFS for NSCLC in paclitaxel‐based treatment.
Aerobic interval training in standard treatment of out‐patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brobakken M. F. , Nygård M. , Güzey I. C. , Morken G. , Reitan S. K. , Heggelund J. , Wang E. , Vedul‐Kjelsaas E.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and effects of integrating aerobic interval training (AIT) in standard care of out‐patients with schizophrenia on aerobic capacity and conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods

Out‐patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were randomized to the following: 1) a training group (TG), performing AIT 2 day/week at the clinic with adherence support from municipal services; or 2) a control group (CG), given two AIT sessions and encouraged to exercise on their own. Feasibility was assessed through retention/adherence. was measured directly along with conventional CVD risk factors before and after 12 weeks.

Results

Of 48 out‐patients, 16/25 and 18/23 completed the TG and CG respectively. After 12 weeks, was higher (2.7 ± 4.8 ml/kg/min, P < 0.01) in the TG compared with the CG. The TG improved by 3.1 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min (P < 0.01), while no change in the CG was observed. No intergroup difference in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, or glucose at posttest was observed. Weight (1.9 ± 4.0 kg, P < 0.05) and BMI (0.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2, P < 0.05) increased in the CG, with no change in the TG.

Conclusion

AIT, combined with adherence support, of out‐patients with schizophrenia was feasible, improved , and may be integrated in standard care. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02743143).
Power, Subsidiarity, and the Economy of Exclusion
Authors: Clark Charles M. A.
Published: October 2019

According to Pope Francis, an “economy of exclusion” is an economy with barriers that prevent individuals and groups from participating in the economy and society to their full potential. Power is a key determinant for both exclusion and inclusion. All economies are based on power relations and an “economy of exclusion” is an abuse of power. This contribution looks at what economic power is and how it can build barriers of exclusion or pathways to inclusion. We use income inequality as a measure of exclusion, giving a general history of power and inequality to demonstrate the role of power. Lastly, we look at the concept of subsidiarity in Catholic social thought as a principle to guide the use of power in the economy.
Pimozide suppresses cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis through binding to ARPC2, a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex
Authors: Choi Jiyeon , Lee Yu‐Jin , Yoon Yae Jin , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Park Seung‐Jin , Kim Seon‐Young , Doo Kim Nam , Cho Han Dong , Kwon Byoung‐Mog
Published: October 2019

ARPC2 is a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, which is essential for lamellipodia, invadopodia and filopodia, and ARPC2 has been identified as a migrastatic target molecule. To identify ARPC2 inhibitors, we generated an ARPC2 knockout DLD‐1 human colon cancer cell line using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system and explored gene signature‐based strategies, such as a connectivity map (CMap) using the gene expression profiling data of ARPC2 knockout and knockdown cells. From the CMap‐based drug discovery strategy, we identified pimozide (a clinically used antipsychotic drug) as a migrastatic drug and ARPC2 inhibitor. Pimozide inhibited the migration and invasion of various cancer cells. Through drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analysis and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), it was confirmed that pimozide directly binds to ARPC2. Pimozide increased the lag phase of Arp2/3 complex‐dependent actin polymerization and inhibited the vinculin‐mediated recruitment of ARPC2 to focal adhesions in cancer cells. To validate the likely binding of pimozide to ARPC2, mutant cells, including ARPC2F225A, ARPC2F247A and ARPC2Y250F cells, were prepared using ARPC2 knockout cells prepared by gene‐editing technology. Pimozide strongly inhibited the migration of mutant cells because the mutated ARPC2 likely has a larger binding pocket than the wild‐type ARPC2. Therefore, pimozide is a potential ARPC2 inhibitor, and ARPC2 is a new molecular target. Taken together, the results of the present study provide new insights into the molecular mechanism and target that are responsible for the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of pimozide.
Framework for monitoring shrubland community integrity in California Mediterranean type ecosystems: Information for policy makers and land managers
Authors: Lawson Dawn M. , Keeley Jon E.
Published: October 2019

Shrublands in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems worldwide support important ecosystem services including high levels of biodiversity and are threatened by multiple factors in heavily used landscapes. Use, conservation, and management of these landscapes involve diverse stakeholders, making decision processes complex. To be effective, management and land use decisions should be informed by current information on ecosystem quality and resilience. However, obtaining this information is often a challenge due to the extent of landscapes involved. Here we present a conceptual integrity monitoring framework based on simple easily observable ecosystem components readily understood by nonspecialists. Community integrity is defined by plant functional group based on relative proportion of shrubs and nonnative annual grasses. The ability to use these straightforward metrics results from four factors: relatively good alignment of characteristic bird, mammal, and insect communities with shrub cover, positive feedback between annual grasses and short fire intervals, the inhibitory effect of annual grasses on shrub seedling establishment, and similar functional group response to different disturbances. Two additional metrics, indicator species and shrub species diversity, capture subtle yet persistent signatures of disturbance on integrity not reflected in functional group composition. The framework is designed to: categorize habitats into ecosystem integrity classes, forecast likely integrity class changes caused by threats and environmental conditions, and provide a simple reporting mechanism that can be overlain with data on conservation status and vulnerabilities. The proposed framework includes a pilot phase to validate empirical relationships, thresholds, and sampling efficiency. The accessibility of these metrics to nonspecialists is anticipated to enhance communication among stakeholders and thus facilitate problem solving. Leveraging monitoring and mapping programs driven by other needs (e.g., species conservation and fire management) affords meaningful opportunities to offset program costs.
Scenographic Exhibitions as Spaces of Encounter
Authors: Mehzoud Sven
Published: October 2019

This research article discusses theatre and performance‐based exhibition design strategies and their application for the display and engagement with narratives about landscape, place and country. The Interpretive Wonderings* mapping project and exhibition serves as a case study to discuss the application of an expanded scenographic exhibition practice. Interpretive Wonderings was shaped by the coming together of community and artists in regional New South Wales, Australia, and was the result of a partnership between Culpra Milli Aboriginal Corporation, an Aboriginal organization that holds and manages land on behalf of its members, researchers from three Australian universities and a regional Arts Centre. Through this project, curatorial and design processes are reconsidered using a performance‐based lens to address engagement with complex and politically contentious narratives.

*Editorial note: The Interpretive Wonderings Portfolio comprises a set of interrelated writings that attempt to provide a distinctive, multi‐perspectival account of this creative research project. In addition to this research piece, other articles include: a co‐authored contextual overview which situates the project in theoretical and practical terms’, a compilation of short texts that offer reflective analyses from the different perspectives of the project’s curatorium and principal researchers, Sophia Pearce, Campbell Drake, Jock Gilbert and Sven Mehzoud, and an associated research‐led article by Gilbert (2019, this issue). Read individually, each designated article presents a focused inquiry (depth); taken together as a curated series, they provide the reader with the opportunity to gain a comprehensive overview (breadth) and appreciation of the project’s guiding aspirations, objectives and outcomes that amounts to more than the sum of its discrete parts.
Who is young at heart and when? Diastolic Doppler data from the mind your heart study
Authors: Abuzaid Ahmed , Cohen Beth E. , Pursnani Seema , Lahsaeizadeh Seba , Ristow Bryan , Shaw Richard E. , Rosenblatt Andrew , Fang Qizhi , Schiller Nelson B.
Published: October 2019

To further define the age‐related distribution of diastolic function as defined by E/A ratio, in healthy male adults. The age‐sensitive ratio of mitral inflow E‐wave to A‐wave (E/A) velocity is often considered in the evaluation of diastolic function. To appropriately direct a comprehensive evaluation of diastolic function, we sought to improve the characterization of the influence of age on E/A ratio. We analyzed echocardiographic data from the Mind Your heart Study, a cohort of outpatients recruited from two San Francisco Veterans centers to examine the effect of mental health on cardiovascular outcomes. Individuals with a history of heart disease or hypertension were excluded, leaving 313 veterans for analysis. We examined E/A by 5‐year increments and performed linear and logistic regression analysis to predict trends in E/A and E dominance. Within the age ranges of population (54.9 ± 11.5), there is a steady gradual decline in absolute E/A ratio (beta coefficient/year‐ 0.018, P < .001) and the odds of E dominance similarly declines with age (odds ratio/year = 0.89, P < .001). Despite this decline, 90% of individuals below the age of 50 years maintain E dominance. Beyond age 50, 55% maintain E dominance, and beyond age 70, only 28% have E dominance. In this adequately healthy population, age‐related progression of delayed relaxation appears to be a state of normality rather than diastolic dysfunction. Careful attention to specific cutoff points in age and E/A ratio could avoid misinterpretation or inappropriate management.
Optimal mixed ownership: A contract view
Authors: Wang Zheng , Heywood John S. , Ye Guangliang
Published: October 2019

This paper reconsiders the classic issue of whether provision of a public good should be undertaken directly by the government or through private contracting (Hart, Andrei, & Robert, 1997). We consider a third alternative of provision by a mixed ownership firm. We assume that this mixed ownership firm provides the government principal with a combination of the contracting problems it faces in the two more extreme alternatives. We show that full government ownership and provision is never optimal and that frequently the mixed firm undertakes intermediate investments that also prove welfare superior to fully private contracting. These results carry over to an extension in which the agent is presumed to be a foreigner.
Women of African Descent and Protestantism
Authors: Schüller Marilia A.
Published: October 2019

This article aims to highlight critical elements of the Brazilian history and context as a basis for understanding the participation and action of women of African descent within Brazilian Protestantism. It begins by reviewing the establishment of Protestant denominations in Brazil against the background of slavery, which was abolished only in 1888, before turning to how a national identity was developed in Brazil that strove to be White, ignoring inequalities due to slavery, and the existence of racism in Brazil, thereby feeding what came to be known as the “myth of the Brazilian racial democracy.” The article goes on to discuss the historical and continuing conditions of women of African descent, and to offer elements for a clearer understanding of the lives of women of African descent in Protestant churches in Brazil.
Conquest and the Western Church
Authors: Leslie Rachel T.
Published: October 2019

This article examines the action of power relations in the church in pursuit of worldly advantage – political, economic, and social – in the formation, action, and spread of the institution of the Western church, often in collusion with the imperial aspirations of state powers. It argues that redress is required to make amends for injustices and crimes against humanity, as well as to evangelize more effectively in a world that includes those victimized by those claiming to represent God's authority.
Development of small bulge fatigue testing technique using small disk‐type specimen
Authors: Komazaki Shin‐ichi , Jojima Ryuichiro , Muraoka Nanna , Nogami Shuhei , Kamaya Masayuki , Hisaka Chiaki , Fujiwara Masaharu , Nitta Akito
Published: September 2019

A new fatigue testing technique, the small bulge fatigue (SBF) test using a small disk‐type specimen with flat and concave surfaces, was developed in this study. In the technique, a cyclic oil pressure could be alternatively applied to both specimen surfaces at the frequency of 10 Hz. After some verification tests for the displacement and strain measurements, type 316 austenitic stainless steel specimens were subjected to a preliminary test using this newly developed testing technique. As a result, the SBF test results (S‐N curve) were in good agreement with those of conventional fatigue tests by defining fatigue life as the number of cycles to the sudden drop in oil pressure because of fracture.
Incentive‐compatible contracts in merger negotiations: The role of acquirer idiosyncratic stock return volatility
Authors: Alexakis Dimitris , Barbopoulos Leonidas G.
Published: October 2019

We show that the acquiring firm's idiosyncratic stock return volatility (sigma) is an important determinant of the selection and perceived valuation effects of earnouts in Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). Earnout‐based M&As are more often announced by high‐sigma acquirers (nearly 40% of all earnout‐based M&As), yet the documented higher risk‐adjusted returns accrued to acquirers in earnout‐based M&As, relative to M&As settled in cash, stock or mixed payments (the earnout effect), appear in deals announced by low‐sigma acquirers (nearly 20% of all earnout‐based M&As). High‐sigma acquirers employing earnouts appear to break even, or even experience losses, relative to their counterparts employing single up‐front payments. These results are confirmed based on a quasi‐experimental design through which the earnout effect is measured in isolation. We argue that in M&As announced by high‐sigma acquirers, the earnout effect is potentially elusive due to the presence of an acquirer‐specific information revelation effect, resulting from the heightened extent of information asymmetry between (small) acquirers’ managers and outside investors. On the contrary, the use of earnouts in M&As announced by low‐sigma (large) acquirers, whereby the acquirer‐specific information revelation effect is likely negligible, sends a strong signal for value creation that also prevents investors from inducing a size‐related discount.
Modeling environmental influence on Atlantic bluefin tuna bycatch by Mexican longliners in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Abad‐Uribarren Alberto , Ortega‐García Sofía , March David , Medina Antonio
Published: October 2019

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) stocks have been considered overfished over the last decades, especially the western stock, whose main spawning grounds are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Despite the current measures implemented, spawner bycatch by the longline fleet targeting yellowfin tuna (YFT) may explain the lack of recovery of local stocks. This situation demands the implementation of appropriate spatiotemporal management strategies to minimize bluefin bycatch in the GoM, which involves knowledge in depth of its distribution and environmental forcing. Using catch and effort data from the Mexican commercial longline fleet with 100% scientific observer coverage from 1999 to 2012 and satellite derived environmental data, this study investigated the influence of environmental conditions on catch per unit effort (CPUE) of ABFT and YFT. General additive models (GAMs) were fitted using a negative binomial distribution and applying Akaike information criterion (AIC) to select the best model. Bluefin CPUE exhibited a marked seasonality, reaching higher values in February and March while YFT catches occurred throughout the year. Two main locations were identified with higher ABFT bycatch rates, Campeche Bay and the western‐central area of the GoM. Higher ABFT CPUE was significantly associated with areas with negative sea level anomalies and low sea surface temperatures, characteristic of cyclonic eddies. Instead, YFT CPUE showed a lesser environmental influence in its distribution. To our knowledge, the patterns shown in this study provide the first in‐depth approach to understand ABFT bycatch in Mexican waters, which will help in further development of adequate management strategies.
Global meta‐analysis reveals that invertebrate diversity is higher in permanent than in temporary lentic water bodies
Authors: Anton‐Pardo Maria , Ortega Jean C. G. , Melo Adriano S. , Bini Luis M.
Published: October 2019

One of the main constraints affecting invertebrate diversity in many freshwater lentic habitats is the presence of a dry phase which forces aquatic organisms to avoid this period through the migration to other water bodies or the production of resting stages. Field studies show contradictory results when comparing invertebrate diversity in permanent (PW) and temporary lentic waters (TW).

Our objective was to test how diversity is influenced by the permanence of water in lentic habitats, and which factors affect the magnitude and direction of this difference, including sampling design. Through a systematic review, 66 publications were selected and classified according to the sampling design (spatial, temporal, and spatio‐temporal datasets).

Meta‐analysis of the spatial dataset, which included 70% of the studies, revealed that diversity in PW was higher than in TW, and this difference was not influenced by annual precipitation, dispersal mode, habitat type or level of anthropogenic impact (proximity to urban or agricultural areas).

We found a significantly higher effect size (PW greater than TW) when considering species richness rather than cumulative richness or Shannon diversity index, disconnected water bodies (hindering the exchange of individuals through water connection), organisms with passive dispersal (which cannot actively avoid the dry period), and study sites with high anthropogenic impact (where temporary habitats could undergo impacts; e.g. concentration of pollutants and eutrophication).

We also found that the differences in diversity between PW and TW may decrease with increasing sampling effort. This result may be attributable to high species turnover due to the higher temporal environmental variation in TW relative to PW. Also, it indicates that sampling effort should be comparatively higher in TW to properly characterize the biodiversity in these environments in order to compare with PW.

As global climate continues to change, our results suggest that loss in aquatic invertebrate diversity of TW will be likely to occur in regions where the frequency of drying events increases.
Role of type 2 diabetes and hemodialysis in serum adipolin concentrations: A preliminary study
Authors: Alipoor Elham , Salmani Mahnaz , Yaseri Mehdi , Kolahdouz‐Mohammadi Roya , Esteghamati Alireza , Hosseinzadeh‐Attar Mohammad Javad
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Adipocytokines play a major role in obesity‐associated disorders like insulin resistance (IR). IR is prevalent in diabetes and advanced kidney failure. Adipolin is an adipocytokine with major beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate adipolin concentration and its relationship with IR and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and/or hemodialysis.

Methods

In this preliminary study, 24 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (DM) and 30 with hemodialysis (14 with diabetes and hemodialysis (HD/DM) and 16 with hemodialysis (HD/non‐DM)) were studied. Anthropometric indexes, serum concentrations of adipolin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and lipid profile were assessed.

Findings

The results showed higher serum adipolin in DM (29 ± 35 ng/mL) than in HD/DM (13 ± 2 ng/mL, P = 0.01) and HD/Non‐DM (12 ± 1.6 ng/mL, P = 0.01) groups. Insulin level was lower in DM than HD/DM (P < 0.001) and HD/Non‐DM (P < 0.001) groups, and HOMA‐IR was also significantly lower in DM compared to HD/DM group (P < 0.001); while, FBG was significantly higher in DM (P < 0.001) and HD/DM (P = 0.006) compared to HD/Non‐DM patients. Adipolin was inversely associated with insulin level (r = −0.446, P = 0.001) and HOMA‐IR (r = −0.296, P = 0.035). LDL level was higher in DM compared to HD/DM (P = 0.008) and HD/Non‐DM (P = 0.005) groups. Adipolin was directly correlated with cholesterol (r = 0.348, P = 0.01) and LDL (r = 0.428, P = 0.001) concentrations.

Discussion

Higher adipolin level in DM group might indicate a compensatory elevation in adipolin production or secretion to modulate IR. It might also be due to medications and inflammation. Further studies are required to investigate the precise role of this adipokine in IR.
Synergistic mode of action of catechin, vanillic and protocatechuic acids to inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli on silicone surfaces
Authors: Bernal-Mercado A.T. , Gutierrez-Pacheco M. Melissa , Encinas-Basurto D. , Mata-Haro V. , Lopez-Zavala A.A. , Islas-Osuna M.A. , Gonzalez-Aguilar G.A. , Ayala-Zavala J.F.
Published: October 2019

Aims

To study the individual and combined contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids to inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on the surface of silicone catheters.

Methods and Results

The adhesion of UPEC to silicone catheters during the exposure to nonlethal concentrations of phenolic compounds was measured, as well as changes in motility, presence of fimbriae, extra-cellular polymeric substances, surface charge, hydrophobicity and membrane fluidity. The phenolic combination reduced 26–51% of motility, 1 log CFU per cm2 of adhered bacteria and 20–40% the carbohydrate and protein content in the biofilm matrix. Curli fimbriae, surface charge and cell hydrophobicity were affected to a greater extent by the phenolic combination. In the mixture, vanillic acid was the most effective for reducing bacterial adhesion, extra-polymeric substance production, motility, curli fimbriae and biofilm structure. Notwithstanding, protocatechuic acid caused major changes in the bacterial cell surface properties, whereas catechin affected the cell membrane functionality.

Conclusion

Catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids have different bacterial cell targets, explaining the synergistic effect of their combination against uropathogenic E. coli.

Significance and Impact of Study

This study shows the contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids in producing a synergistic mixture against the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli on silicone catheters. The action of catechin, vanillic and protocatechuic acids included specific contributions of each compound against the E. coli membrane’s integrity, motility, surface properties and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, the studied mixture of phenolic compounds could be used as an antibiotic alternative to reduce urinary tract infections associated with silicone catheters.
Multicultural coping experiences of parents following perinatal loss: A meta‐ethnographic synthesis
Authors: Fernández‐Basanta Sara , Coronado Carmen , Movilla‐Fernández María‐Jesús
Published: October 2019

Aims

To synthesize research findings regarding the coping experiences of parents following perinatal loss.

Design

Noblit and Hare's interpretive meta‐ethnography was followed.

Data Sources

A comprehensive systematic search of the published literature (2013–2018) was undertaken in five databases, complemented by supplementary searches.

Review Methods

Fourteen studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria.

Results

Five themes describe the coping strategies used by parents who experience perinatal loss. The themes were synthesized into the metaphor Staying afloat in the storm.

Conclusion

Parents use coping strategies to manage perinatal loss and the use of these strategies is conditioned by cultural, social, and individual factors. This study has implications for evidence‐based practice by showing care needs and the importance of implementing emotional and patient‐centred care interventions.

Impact

This meta‐ethnography highlights the care needs of parents following perinatal loss, facilitating understanding of coping experiences. Increased knowledge about these experiences may contribute to the development and implementation of nursing and midwifery interventions that include emotional and patient‐centred care.
Exosomal microRNA‐16‐5p from human urine‐derived stem cells ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through protection of podocyte
Authors: Duan Yu‐Rui , Chen Bao‐Ping , Chen Fang , Yang Su‐Xia , Zhu Chao‐Yang , Ma Ya‐Li , Li Yang , Shi Jun
Published: October 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains one of the severe complications associated with diabetes mellitus. It is worthwhile to uncover the underlying mechanisms of clinical benefits of human urine‐derived stem cells (hUSCs) in the treatment of DN. At present, the clinical benefits associated with hUSCs in the treatment of DN remains unclear. Hence, our study aims to investigate protective effect of hUSC exosome along with microRNA‐16‐5p (miR‐16‐5p) on podocytes in DN via vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Initially, miR‐16‐5p was predicated to target VEGFA based on data retrieved from several bioinformatics databases. Notably, dual‐luciferase report gene assay provided further verification confirming the prediction. Moreover, our results demonstrated that high glucose (HG) stimulation could inhibit miR‐16‐5p and promote VEGFA in human podocytes (HPDCs). miR‐16‐5p in hUSCs was transferred through the exosome pathway to HG‐treated HPDCs. The viability and apoptosis rate of podocytes after HG treatment together with expression of the related factors were subsequently determined. The results indicated that miR‐16‐5p secreted by hUSCs could improve podocyte injury induced by HG. In addition, VEGA silencing could also ameliorate HG‐induced podocyte injury. Finally, hUSC exosomes containing overexpressed miR‐16‐5p were injected into diabetic rats via tail vein, followed by qualification of miR‐16‐5p and observation on the changes of podocytes, which revealed that overexpressed miR‐16‐5p in hUSCs conferred protective effects on HPDCs in diabetic rats. Taken together, the present study revealed that overexpressed miR‐16‐5p in hUSC exosomes could protect HPDCs induced by HG and suppress VEGFA expression and podocytic apoptosis, providing fresh insights for novel treatment of DN.
Shelf‐life study of spray‐dried groundnut milk powder
Authors: Saha D. , Nanda Saroj K. , Yadav Deep N.
Published: October 2019

Shelflife study of spray‐dried groundnut milk powder was conducted in metal tin can and aluminum foil package. The observations were recorded at 0th, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week of storage. There was an increasing trend in the values of moisture content (3.69–7.56% w.b. and 3.69–7.08% w.b.), water activity (0.44–0.68 and 0.44–0.64), and free fatty acid (0.48–2.02% and 0.48–1.87%) in aluminum foil package and metal tins can, respectively. Dispersibility of powder varied between 96.10–90.22% and 96.10–91.78% while insolubility index varied between 0.75–3.88 ml and 0.75–3.56 ml in aluminum foil package and metal tin can, respectively. Results indicated that groundnut milk powder can be safely stored in both the packaging materials for 3 months and metal tin can packaging is better than aluminum foil packaging. A significant difference in the values of the above parameters was observed in commercially available milk powder during the same storage period.

Practical Applications

Groundnut is widely used for oil extraction or consumed as roasted nuts. Considering its wide acceptability and nutritional value, groundnut processing needs more diversification in order to utilize its potential. Groundnut can be used for the preparation of imitation milk for lactose intolerant population of the country. However, groundnut milk has a very limited shelf life (5–7 days under refrigerated condition) and adds to the increased transportation cost of carrying liquid milk from one place to another. The conversion of groundnut milk into powder using spray drying will reduce product perishability as well as storage and transportation costs. Further, the shelf life study of the groundnut milk powder in different packaging material will be useful in determining the safe storage period as well as the type of packaging material to be used for storing the powder considering the quality as well as sensory attributes of the powder during the duration of storage.
Analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology lesions over an 18‐year period diagnosed at Kuwait University
Authors: Joseph Bobby K. , Ali Mohammad A. , Dashti Hussain , Sundaram Devipriya B.
Published: October 2019

Aims

The aim of the present study was to determine the range, frequency, prevalence, and distribution of oral lesions submitted for histopathological diagnosis at the oral pathology laboratory at Kuwait University.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases submitted to the oral pathology laboratory over an 18‐year period. Age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, and location of the lesions were recorded. Lesions were classified into 10 diagnostic categories.

Results

Of the 697 biopsies examined, the average age of the patients ranged from 1 to 93 years with a mean age of 37.83 ± 16.62 (mean ± SD). The most common diagnostic category was mucosal pathologies (N = 205, 29.4%), followed by odontogenic cysts (N = 158, 22.7%) and reactive lesions (N = 97, 13.9%). The three most common histopathological diagnoses were hyperkeratosis (N = 70), dentigerous cyst (N = 48), and mucocele (N = 44). Twenty‐five malignant neoplasms were diagnosed, the majority of them in males. A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study provides the first set of data from Kuwait that covers a wide range of oral lesions. Mucosal pathologies were the most frequently diagnosed lesions and the majority of diagnoses were benign.
How Can I Become More Secure?: A Grounded Theory of Earning Secure Attachment
Authors: Dansby Olufowote Rachael A. , Fife Stephen T. , Schleiden Cydney , Whiting Jason B.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of earning secure attachment. This study included 15 women and 5 men who met the criteria of having a self‐reported history of attachment insecurity and demonstrated evidence of earned security. The grand tour research question, How do adults with a history of insecure attachment earn security?, was explored using constructivist grounded theory and semi‐structured interviews emphasizing processes of positive attachment change. The results describe a process model of change hinging on three interrelated categories: meta‐conditions of positive attachment change, making intrapsychic changes, and making interpersonal changes. Clinical implications include the importance of clients committing to the process, clients working with a clinician trained in trauma‐focused therapy, and clinicians being surrogate attachment figures for clients.