bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A grooved conduit combined with decellularized tissues for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Yu Enxing , Chen Zhiwu , Huang Yuye , Wu Yibing , Wang Zonghuan , Wang Fangfang , Wu Miaoben , Xu Kailei , Peng Wei
Published: July 2023

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common and severe clinical disease worldwide, which leads to a poor prognosis because of the complicated treatments and high morbidity. Autologous nerve grafting as the gold standard still cannot meet the needs of clinical nerve transplantation because of its low availability and limited size. The development of artificial nerve conduits was led to a novel direction for PNI treatment, while most of the currently developed artificial nerve conduits was lack biochemical cues to promote nerve regeneration. In this study, we designed a novel composite neural conduit by inserting decellularized the rat sciatic nerve or kidney in a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) grooved conduit. The nerve regeneration effect of all samples was analyzed using rat sciatic nerve defect model, where decellularized tissues and grooved PLGA conduit alone were used as controls. The degree of nerve regeneration was evaluated using the motor function, gastrocnemius recovery, and morphological and histological assessments suggested that the combination of a grooved conduit with decellularized tissues significantly promoted nerve regeneration compared with decellularized tissues and PLGA conduit alone. It is worth to note that the grooved conduits containing decellularized nerves have a promotive effect similar to that of autologous nerve grafting, suggesting that it could be an artificial nerve conduit used for clinical practice in the future.

Graphical Abstract
Global optimization via optimal decision trees
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Öztürk Berk
Published: July 2023

The global optimization literature places large emphasis on reducing intractable optimization problems into more tractable structured optimization forms. In order to achieve this goal, many existing methods are restricted to optimization over explicit constraints and objectives that use a subset of possible mathematical primitives. These are limiting in real-world contexts where more general explicit and black box constraints appear. Leveraging the dramatic speed improvements in mixed-integer optimization (MIO) and recent research in machine learning, we propose a new method to learn MIO-compatible approximations of global optimization problems using optimal decision trees with hyperplanes (OCT-Hs). This constraint learning approach only requires a bounded variable domain, and can address both explicit and inexplicit constraints. We solve the MIO approximation to find a near-optimal, near-feasible solution to the global optimization problem. We further improve the solution using a series of projected gradient descent iterations. We test the method on numerical benchmarks from the literature as well as real-world design problems, demonstrating its promise in finding global optima efficiently.
Experimental investigation of ultrasonic vibration-assisted cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication for milling of Ti-6Al-4V and grinding of Zerodur
Authors: Blasl Jacqueline , Lichtinger Klaus , Vieltorf Fabian , Zaeh Michael F. , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: July 2023

Increasing demands on component properties are leading to the development of high-performance materials for which conventional production methods are reaching their limits from an economic and ecological point of view. In recent years, two technologies have been developed that show great potential compared to conventional machining processes, particularly in machining high-performance materials such as the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Ultrasonic-assisted machining leads to reduced cutting forces and increased tool life. Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication prevents the occurrence of high machining temperatures and allows higher material removal rates without a negative impact on tool life. This paper shows the influence of ultrasonic-assisted milling and grinding processes in combination with cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication on the machinability of the high-strength materials Ti-6Al-4V and Zerodur. The investigation addressed cutting forces, tool wear, and surface roughness. The superposition of the technologies resulted in longer tool life and lower tool wear for both milling and grinding. However, the surface roughness was consistently higher due to the ultrasonic superposition. Nevertheless, machining with ultrasonic vibration-assisted cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication has great potential for difficult-to-machine materials, especially due to the reduction in tool wear.
Feminine expertise on board and environmental innovation: the role of critical mass
Authors: García-Meca Emma , Ramón-Llorens M. Camino , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer
Published: July 2023

This paper examines whether women’s attitudes toward environmental innovation are impacted by their individual differences in skills, expertise, experience, and technical knowledge, as well as their visibility and legitimacy on boards. Using the categorization of directors developed by Hillman et al (J Manag Stud 37(2):235–256, 2000) and a dataset including the largest non-financial Spanish-listed entities reported on the IBEX-35 between 2015 and 2019, we can confirm the influence of female business expert and support specialist directors on environmental innovation. We find that although female business expert directors seem to positively influence environmental innovation even below a critical mass, female support specialist directors are only significant and positive drivers of eco-initiation when they gain power and authority on the board. This study confirms the need to examine the connection between women directors and eco-innovation based not only on their expertise and experience but also on their position and legitimacy on the board. In this regard, our results provide evidence that female support specialists need to have a large enough representation on boards to be effective in developing green initiatives. Our results are robust to alternative measures of green innovation (i.e., environmental performance) and overcome endogeneity concerns.
Impact of Drought and Wildfires in Recent Trends of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Cockles from Northwest Portugal and Its Similarities with Sardine Stock Trends in the Period 2001–2022
Authors: Vale Paulo
Published: July 2023

In Portugal, high levels of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) originating from Dinophysis spp. are accumulated in bivalves, mainly on the northwest coast (NWC). The occurrence of DSTs in spring and early summer is positively related to precipitation. A decrease in average precipitation after 2003 led to a reduction in DSTs after 2008. However, the accumulation of DSTs in the NWC increased in the period 2020–2022. The hydrological year of 2022 was marked by extreme drought. In cockles from the endemic area of Ria de Aveiro, 37.3% of the weeks tested presented samples above the regulatory limit (RL). The previous record was 31.9% in 2005, also an extremely dry year. The average percentage of weeks above the RL in severe drought years surpassed both the low and high precipitation years. In severe dry years, toxicity was dominated mainly by D. acuta toxins. While D. acuminata grows after the abundant river discharges in spring, D. acuta is capable of growing in summer during upwelling favourable conditions. In the last two decades, extensive forest wildfires were recurrent, but the area burnt reduced sharply after 2017 following tighter fire control measures. Low levels of DSTs or low percentage of weeks with cockles above the RL were related to high burnt areas in the previous year. The recent increase in 2020–2022 of DSTs, a planktonic biomarker in bivalves, was also coincident with the similar temporal increase in either the recruitment or the biomass of Sardina pilchardus, a planktivorous fish in decline after 2005/2006. Both low sardine recruitment and biomass were coincident with low precipitation or high burnt areas. Wildfires degrade coastal water quality, as seems reflected both in the cockle’s DST and the sardine stock time series.
Trust transfer effects and associated risks in telemedicine adoption
Authors: Kuen Leonie , Schürmann Fiona , Westmattelmann Daniel , Hartwig Sophie , Tzafrir Shay , Schewe Gerhard
Published: July 2023

Telemedicine has the potential to address considerable challenges in the efficient provision of health care services. However, this will not be realized until a high acceptance rate among patients is achieved. We address the research gap that arises from the need to explore the interplay of different trust referents (physician, technology, treatment) and perceived risk dimensions (performance, privacy, time, psychological) in patients’ telemedicine adoption considering two different symptom types (physical vs. mental). We conducted a scenario-based online survey and performedt-tests, scenario-specific structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis.T-tests and multi-group analysis do not indicate differences in perceptions and path coefficients between the symptoms. Furthermore, scenario-specific structural equation modeling reveals that for both scenarios, trust in physician is less important for trust transfer effects and intention to use than trust in technology and trust in treatment. Trust in treatment has similar effects for all risk dimensions, while only performance risk relates to use intention. Moreover, the results indicate a considerable intention-behavior gap. We advance IS research by emphasizing the relevance of considering multiple trust referents, trust transfer effects, and a multidimensional perspective on perceived risk.
Measurement of benzene and other volatile organic compounds: implications for its inhalation health risk associated with the workers at a fuel station in Delhi
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Garg Gazal , Soni Daya , Aggarwal Shankar G.
Published: July 2023

Exposure to benzene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylene (BTEX) at a fuel station is hazardous for the workers. This study aims to estimate the health risk for worker due to the exposure of BTEX after implementation of vapour recovery system (VRS) at fuel stations. Air samples were collected using low-flow sampling pump as per NIOSH method by using Tenax (sorbent) tubes and charcoal (sorbent) tubes. Target compounds were extracted using acetone and analysed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (FID). The cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated to assess the cancer and non-cancer risk following the United States of Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) updated methodology. The average concentration of VOCs at the fuel station is found in the order toluene > benzene > xylene > ethylbenzene which may be attributed to the composition of fuel (petrol/diesel). Benzene is the most carcinogenic among BTEX, which is found to be 217 ± 9 µg m−3 and 158 ± 9 µg m−3 in the month of November 2021 using Tenax sorbent and charcoal sorbent tubes, respectively. The high concentration observed using Tenax sorbent may be attributed to its high adsorption efficacy than charcoal due to larger surface area and porosity. The 7-month average CR value of benzene was 9 × 10−4 using Tenax sorbent and exceeds the acceptable range of 1 × 10−6. CR of benzene exposure at the fuel station under study is also compared with that of outdoor ambient air exposure. Benzene measurement data for the same duration was taken from nearby online monitoring station of Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) PUSA to estimate CR value for outdoor ambient air benzene exposure. The value of HQ for benzene was observed > 1 which exceeds the acceptable value and hence increased the non-cancer health risk also. Hazard index (HI) value for BTEX is also greater than 1 which indicates adverse health effects of benzene and other VOCs at the fuel station. The high CR and HQ values for benzene are a matter of concern for fuel station workers.
Numerical investigation of water inflow and seepage characteristics in a tunnel crossing two overlapped parallel faults
Authors: Wu Jing , Wu Li , Han Yan-hua , Sun Miao , Lu Ya-ni
Published: July 2023

Water inflow is one of the main geohazards that threaten the safety of tunnels and other underground engineering projects. Faulted zone is one of the important geological triggers for such events. Numerical investigations on the evolution of flow behavior in tunnels across fault zones are of significance to the predication and prevention of this type of geohazards. In this work, a numerical investigation model with two overlapped parallel faults is established at a steady stage according to the "Three Zones" fault structure theory. The rapid turbulent flow in the fault zone is simulated by using the improved Darcy-Brinkman seepage model, while the slow laminar flow in ordinary rock zone is described by Darcy equation. The effect of relative position and distance between the tunnel excavation face and overlapped parallel faults to the groundwater pore pressure and flow velocity is studied through several scenarios, and the water inflow rate into the tunnel is calculated. The numerical investigation results reveal that while the tunnel face is excavated into the fault center core, the fractured zone, the ordinary rock zone, and the center of the overlapped faults, the pore pressure value ahead of the excavation face increases while the flow velocity decreases sequentially. The inflow rate is the largest while the tunnel face is excavated to center of the fault center core, which is closely related to the range of the overlapped area. The investigation results offer a practical reference for predicting early warning of water inflow geohazard when a tunnel cross two overlapped parallel faults.
Identification of autophagy-associated circRNAs in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy of mice
Authors: Zheng Ming-zhi , Lou Jun-sheng , Fan Yun-peng , Fu Chun-yan , Mao Xing-jia , Li Xiang , Zhong Kai , Lu Lin-huizi , Wang Lin-lin , Chen Ying-ying , Zheng Liang-rong
Published: July 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a role in sepsis-related autophagy. However, the role of circRNAs in autophagy after sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is unknown, so we explored the circRNA expression profiles associated with autophagy in an acute sepsis mouse model. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, mice were intraperitoneally administered with lipopolysaccharides. The myocardial tissue was harvested after 6 h for microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were evaluated, and a competing endogenous RNA network was constructed, to evaluate the role of circRNAs related to autophagy in SICM. In total, 1,735 differently expressed circRNAs were identified in the LPS-treated group, including 990 upregulated and 745 downregulated circRNAs. The expression level of the autophagy-specific protein p62 decreased, while the ratio of LC3 II to LC3 I increased. Additionally, 309 mRNAs and 187 circRNAs were correlated with autophagy in myocardial tissue after SICM. Of these, 179 circRNAs were predicted to function as “miRNA sponges”. Some distinctive circRNAs and mRNAs found by ceRNA analysis might be involved in autophagy in SICM. These findings provide insights into circRNAs and identified new research targets that may be used to further explore the pathogenesis of SICM.
Sequential chiral induction between organic and inorganic supramolecular helical assemblies for the in situ formation of chiral carbon dots
Authors: Pranee Piyanan , Scalabre Antoine , Labrugere Christine , Ryu Naoya , Yano Akira , Hano Nanami , Talaga David , Okazaki Yutaka , Pouget Emilie , Nlate Sylvain , Bonhommeau Sébastien , Takafuji Makoto , Wada Takehiko , Ihara Hirotaka , Buffeteau Thierry , Bassani Dario M. , Oda Reiko
Published: July 2023

Self-organised helical bilayers of dicationic gemini surfactants confined in helical silica nanospace were transformed in situ to carbon dots (CDots) via pyrolysis.
Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks
Authors: Wang Zhongrui , Xiao Jing , Zhao Ting , Zhang Chunxiao , Wang Luping , He Nan , Kong Qingming , Wang Xu
Published: July 2023

The significance, achievements, and expectations in transiently regulating the gel properties by chemical reaction networks are discussed.
Aqueous colloidal nanoplatelets for imaging and improved ALA-based photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Onbasli Kubra , Demirci Gozde , Isik Furkan , Durmusoglu Emek Goksu , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Acar Havva Yagci
Published: July 2023

CdSe/CdS core/crown heterostructured nanoplatelets (NPLs) were transferred to the water via a single-step ligand exchange using 2-mercaptopropionic acid, loaded with a prodrug ALA for optical imaging coupled with photodynamic therapy of cancer cells.
Polarization-insensitive electromagnetically induced transparency and its sensing performance based on spoof localized surface plasmons in vanadium dioxide-based terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Mingming , Yang Xue-Xia
Published: July 2023

Polarization-insensitive terahertz metasurfaces can be dynamically controlled by tuning the conductivity of VO2 and exhibit excellent slow light effect and sensing performance.
Asymmetric total synthesis of diosniponols A and B
Authors: Saini Deepak , Jangid Dashrath , Fernandes Rodney A.
Published: July 2023

An efficient asymmetric total synthesis of two diastereomeric natural products diosniponols A and B has been completed using a metal-free p-TsOH catalyzed δ-hydroxyalkynone rearrangement and diastereoselective hydrogenation.
Novel self-healing and recyclable fire-retardant polyvinyl alcohol/borax hydrogel coatings for the fire safety of rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Qian Xiaodong , Mu Nire , Zhao Xiaojiong , Shi Congling , Jiang Saihua , Wan Mei , Yu Bin
Published: July 2023

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has attracted great attention as an insulation material, but its inherent flammability restricts its practical application.
The most luminous blue quasars at 3.0 < z < 3.3
Authors: Trefoloni Bartolomeo , Lusso Elisabeta , Nardini Emanuele , Risaliti Guido , Bargiacchi Giada , Bisogni Susanna , Civano Francesca M. , Elvis Martin , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Gilli Roberto , Marconi Alessandro , Richards Gordon T. , Sacchi Andrea , Salvestrini Francesco , Signorini Matilde , Vignali Cristian
Published: July 2023

We present the analysis of the rest frame ultraviolet and optical spectra of 30 bright blue quasars at z ∼ 3, selected to examine the suitability of active galactic nuclei as cosmological probes. In our previous works, based on pointed XMM-Newton observations, we found an unexpectedly high fraction (≈25%) of X-ray weak quasars in the sample. The latter sources also display a flatter UV continuum and a broader and fainter C IV profile in the archival UV data with respect to their X-ray normal counterparts. Here we present new observations with the Large Binocular Telescope in both the zJ (covering the rest frame ≃2300–3100 Å) and the KS (≃4750–5350 Å) bands. We estimated black hole masses (MBH) and Eddington ratios (λEdd) from the available rest frame optical and UV emission lines (Hβ, Mg II), finding that our z ∼ 3 quasars are on average highly accreting (⟨λEdd⟩≃1.2 and ⟨MBH⟩≃109.7 M⊙), with no difference in λEdd or MBH between X-ray weak and X-ray normal quasars. From the zJ spectra, we derived the properties (e.g. flux, equivalent width) of the main emission lines (Mg II, Fe II), finding that X-ray weak quasars display higher Fe II/Mg II ratios with respect to typical quasars. Fe II/Mg II ratios of X-ray normal quasars are instead consistent with other estimates up to z ≃ 6.5, corroborating the idea of already chemically mature broad line regions at early cosmic time. From the KS spectra, we find that all the X-ray weak quasars present generally weaker [O III] emission (EW < 10 Å) than the normal ones. The sample as a whole, however, abides by the known X-ray-[O III] luminosity correlation, hence the different [O III] properties are likely due to an intrinsically weaker [O III] emission in X-ray weak objects, associated to the shape of the spectral energy distribution. We interpret these results in the framework of accretion-disc winds.
Angular momentum transport by magnetic fields in main-sequence stars with Gamma Doradus pulsators
Authors: Moyano F. D. , Eggenberger P. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Mombarg J. S. G. , Ekström S.
Published: July 2023

Context.Asteroseismic studies show that cores of post-main-sequence stars rotate more slowly than theoretically predicted by stellar models with purely hydrodynamical transport processes. Recent studies of main-sequence stars, particularly Gamma Doradus (γDor) stars, have revealed the internal rotation rates for hundreds of stars, offering a counterpart on the main sequence for studies of angular momentum transport.

Aims.We investigate whether such a disagreement between observed and predicted internal rotation rates is present in main-sequence stars by studying angular momentum transport inγDor stars. Furthermore, we test whether models of rotating stars with internal magnetic fields can reproduce their rotational properties.

Methods.We computed rotating models with the Geneva stellar evolution code taking into account meridional circulation and shear instability. We also computed models with internal magnetic fields using a general formalism for transport by the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. We then compared these models to observational constraints forγDor stars that we compiled from the literature, thus combining the core rotation rates, projected rotational velocities from spectroscopy, and constraints on their fundamental parameters.

Results.We show that combining the different observational constraints available forγDor stars enable us to clearly distinguish the different scenarios for internal angular momentum transport. Stellar models with purely hydrodynamical processes are in disagreement with the data, whereas models with internal magnetic fields can reproduce both core and surface constraints simultaneously.

Conclusions.Similarly to results obtained for subgiant and red giant stars, angular momentum transport in radiative regions ofγDor stars is highly efficient, in good agreement with predictions of models with internal magnetic fields.
Possible Use of an Agricultural Service with Artificial Intelligence to Monitor Crops
Authors: Magomedov I. , Khulamkhanova M. M. , Staroverova N. A.
Published: July 2023

Today, AI technology is a promising field for the development and automation of many processes in various fields. Therefore, the use of AI in the field of agriculture will have a positive impact on many problems that used to take a lot of time and effort, both for individuals and large companies. This work is aimed at suggesting new approaches in agriculture. The suggested approach is to create fully autonomy service that will automatically identify and monitor diseases of crops at an early stage and their further treatment.
Tracheostomy while on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Comparison of Percutaneous and Open Procedures
Authors: Salas De Armas Ismael A. , Dinh Kha , Akkanti Bindu , Jani Pushan , Hussain Reshma , Janowiak Lisa , Kutilek Kayla , Patel Manish K. , Akay Mehmet H. , Hussain Rahat , Patel Jayeshkumar , Patel Chandni , Liang Yafen , Zaki John , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D.
Published: July 2023

Although the ideal timing of tracheostomy for critically ill patients is controversial, transitioning from an endotracheal tube can be beneficial. Concerns arise for patients under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Studies have described percutaneous and open tracheostomy approaches for critically ill patients but, to our knowledge, have not compared the two specifically in ECMO patients. This study analyzed safety and aimed to identify if there was a difference in major bleeding or other tracheostomy-associated complications. A single-center retrospective cohort study of all patients who received tracheostomy while on ECMO from July 2013 to May 2019 was completed. The primary endpoint was a significant difference in the incidence of a major bleeding adverse event at 48 hours. Secondary endpoints included differences in the incidence of complications (e.g., procedure-related mortality, ECMO decannulation, tracheal/esophageal injury, and pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum) and survival to discharge. A secondary analysis separated the groups further by comparing those with bleeding events and those without. The study included 27 ECMO patients: 16 (59%) in the percutaneous arm and 11 in the open arm. The median number of ECMO days before tracheostomy was 10 vs. 13, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for major bleeding events (percutaneous 44% vs. open 27%, p = .45), procedure-related mortality, or procedure-related complications. Both percutaneous and open tracheostomies in patients on ECMO require a multidisciplinary approach to minimize adverse effects. Major bleeding does occur, but there was no statistically significant correlation between bleeding events and the type of the tracheostomy approach. Thus, both open and percutaneous tracheostomy approaches have a favorable safety profile.
Long-Term Protective Effects of Single-Dose Cardioplegic Solutions in Cell Culture Models
Authors: Gunaydin Serdar , Akbay Esin , Gunertem Orhan Eren , McCusker Kevin , Onur Mehmet Ali , Ozisik Kanat
Published: July 2023

Despite the popularity of single-dose cardioplegic techniques, the time window and targeted population for successful reperfusion remain unclear. We tested currently available techniques based on cell viability and integrity to demonstrate long-term cardioprotection and clarify whether these solutions were performed on neonatal/adult endothelium and myocardium by examining different cell lines. Cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test proliferation assay and membrane integrity with the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity test were documented in a cell culture/microscopy setting on adult (human umbilical vein endothelium [HUVEC]), neonatal (H9C2-cardiomyocytes), and myofibroblast (L929) cell lines. Apoptotic cell activity and necrosis were evaluated by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining. Twenty-four hours after seeding, cells were incubated in control (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle), St. Thomas and blood cardioplegia (4:1), histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK), and del Nido solutions at 32°C followed by an additional 6, 24, and 48 hours in standard conditions (37°C, 5% CO2). Experiments were repeated eight times. In MTT cell viability analysis, HTK protection was significantly better than the control medium in L929 cell lines at 48th hours follow-up and acted markedly better on the HUVEC cell line at 24th and 48th hours. del Nido and HTK provided significantly better protection on H9C2 (at 24th and 48th hours). Apoptotic and necrotic cell scoring as a result of AO/PI staining was found consistent with MTT results. The LDH test demonstrated that the level of cell disruption was significantly higher for St. Thomas and blood cardioplegia in H9c2 cells. Experimental studies on cardioplegia aimed at assessing myocardial protection use time-consuming and often expensive approaches that are unrealistic in clinical practice. We have focused on identifying the most effective cell types and the direct consequences of different cardioplegia solutions to document long-term effects that we believe are the most underestimated ones in the cardioplegia literature.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Cardiac Bypass: The Careful Balance between Clotting and Bleeding
Authors: Ural Kelly , Edelson Jaclyn
Published: July 2023

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody, and anti-β2 glycoprotein-I antibody) which leads to clinical thrombosis via a multifactorial mechanism of action. Despite the propensity to form clot in vivo, these antibodies interfere with the assembly of the prothrombinase complex on phospholipids in in vitro assays, leading to prolongation of activated clotting time and activated partial thromboplastin time. This disconnect between what occurs in vivo and in vitro makes monitoring anticoagulation during cardiac surgery particularly complex. We present a patient with APS undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. We delineate our strategy for managing anticoagulation in the presence of this syndrome using the Hepcon Hemostasis Management System Plus (Medtronic, Inc. Minneapolis, MN) device by targeting whole blood heparin concentration to monitor anticoagulation.
A High-Fidelity Percutaneous Model Used to Demonstrate ECMO Cannulation
Authors: Palmer David , Aspenleiter Marit , da Silva Jose , da Silva Luciana Da Fonseca , Medina-Castro Mario , Grayson Melissa , Morell Victor , Palmer Amber , Sharma Mahesh , Stebler Jamie , Viegas Melita
Published: July 2023

Medical simulation provides a realistic environment for practitioners to experience a planned clinical event in a controlled educational setting. We established a simulation model composed of synthetic ballistic gelatin that provided an inexpensive high-fidelity model for our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team members to develop, master, and maintain clinical skills necessary for percutaneous cervical or femoral cannulation. The simulation component includes a cervical torso or femoral percutaneous synthetic gelatin model that is attached to either a static fluid model or to the high-fidelity perfusion simulator. Either model can be accessed with ultrasound guidance, cannulated with appropriately sized cannula, and connected to an in situ ECMO circuit. This article explains how the model is made and connected to the simulator with the purpose of re-creating this high-fidelity experience at any institution.
The Effectiveness of Three Different Curricular Models to Teach Fundamental ECMO Specialist Skills to Entry Level Perfusionists
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B. , Searles Bruce E. , Darling Edward M. , Oles Dawn M. , Aiash Hani
Published: July 2023

The dramatic increase in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) over the last decade with the concomitant need for ECMO competent perfusionists has raised questions of how well perfusion education programs are preparing entry-level perfusionists to participate in ECMO. While all perfusion schools teach ECMO principles, there is no standardized or systematic approach to the delivery of didactic knowledge and clinical skills in ECMO. Given this variability of ECMO education across and within perfusion schools, the CES-A exam may provide a metric for comparing curricular approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine three different curricular approaches to prepare new perfusion graduates to master the Adult ECMO Specialist Certification exam (CES-A). We examined three different curricular approaches to prepare new perfusion graduates to master the Adult ECMO Specialist Certification exam (CES-A). We hypothesized that there would be no difference in CES-A pass rate, exam score, Rasch measure, and item category scores between SUNY Cardiovascular Perfusion Program (CVP) graduates who completed SUNY’s ECMO Capstone experience (Group III) and CVP graduates who did not select the ECMO Capstone experience (Group II). Further, we studied the performance of a third group of new graduates from an external program that does not offer formal ECMO courses or an ECMO Capstone experience (Group I). Every perfusion graduate in all groups passed the adult ECMO specialist exam. The graduates who as students completed an ECMO Capstone experience (Group III) scored higher on the exam and significantly higher on four exam categories: coagulation and hemostasis (p = .058), lab analysis point of care (p = .035), and monitor patient and circuit (p = .073), and the safety and failure modes (p = .017). Overall the median graduate Rasch measures ranked with Group III demonstrating the highest measure to Group I the lowest measures (not significant atp = .085). There is a positive educational effect due to CVP graduates completion of the ECMO Capstone experience compared to the program standard ECMO-related curricula in the two perfusion programs participating in this study. From this observation a structured ECMO simulation-based program appears to be equally effective as a traditional, typical lecture-only, clinical perfusion preceptorship, while demonstrating a more satisfactory experience with a higher reported case experience. In this study the standard perfusionist education curriculum prepared the new graduate to be successful on the CES-A exam. The three curricular approaches appear to prepare perfusionist graduates to be successful on the Adult ECMO Specialist exam.
Eliminate Unnecessary Laboratory Work to Mitigate Iatrogenic Anemia and Reduce Cost for Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Welty Maureen , Bolick Beth Nachtsheim
Published: July 2023

Laboratory testing is a helpful tool for clinicians, but can be costly and harmful to patients. A quality improvement project was initiated to reduce laboratory testing for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care center. Preliminary data was gathered to demonstrate preimplementation practice, cost, and patient need for packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions. A new protocol was created by an interprofessional team based on best practice and benchmarking with high-performing organizations. The project was evaluated using two comparison groups, pre- and postimplementation for anyone receiving ECMO therapy in the PICU. The average laboratory tests per ECMO day decreased by 52% (128.4 vs. 61.1), cost per case decreased by 14.7%, pRBC transfusions decreased from 100% to 85%, length of stay (LOS) decreased by 8 days, and mortality rates decreased by 9.5%. The revised pediatric ECMO laboratory testing guidelines were successfully implemented and reduced laboratory cost without adverse effects on mortality rates or LOS.
Research on inventory replenishment strategy of supply chain based on SPN
Authors: Pan Wenjun , Miao Lin
Published: July 2023

The warehousing and replenishment strategy of supply chain is comprehensively affected by various factors such as supply chain structure, demand change, supply source, inventory state. Supply chain warehousing replenishment is full of uncertain factors, in order to achieve the optimal replenishment process and the best replenishment strategy effect, this paper uses SPN(Stochastic Petri net) to build the supply chain warehousing replenishment model. Based on the basis of the traditional replenishment process, this paper optimizes the new supply chain warehousing management process, optimizes the priority management measures of goods in the process of supply chain warehousing replenishment process, designs the new replenishment strategy algorithm and designs the replenishment strategy function analysis. Using SPN model, this paper intuitively shows the warehousing management process, and describes the dynamic changes of warehousing replenishment in detail. Through the implementation of different warehousing replenishment strategies to solve the influencing factors of uncertainty, so as to avoid the problem of various supply chain warehousing shortage caused by poor warehousing management. Finally, by comparing the traditional warehouse management strategy and the SPN model optimization of the supply chain storage strategy, the research result shows that the SPN replenishment strategy model is more efficient than the traditional warehouse replenishment strategy model.
Deep Learning for chaos detection
Authors: Barrio Roberto , Lozano Álvaro , Mayora-Cebollero Ana , Mayora-Cebollero Carmen , Miguel Antonio , Ortega Alfonso , Serrano Sergio , Vigara Rubén
Published: July 2023

In this article, we study how a chaos detection problem can be solved using Deep Learning techniques. We consider two classical test examples: the Logistic map as a discrete dynamical system and the Lorenz system as a continuous dynamical system. We train three types of artificial neural networks (multi-layer perceptron, convolutional neural network, and long short-term memory cell) to classify time series from the mentioned systems into regular or chaotic. This approach allows us to study biparametric and triparametric regions in the Lorenz system due to their low computational cost compared to traditional techniques.
Nonlinear coupling of electromagnetic and spin-electron-acoustic waves in spin-polarized degenerate relativistic astrophysical plasma
Authors: Andreev Pavel A.
Published: July 2023

Propagation of the finite amplitude electromagnetic wave through the partially spin-polarized degenerate plasmas leads to an instability. This instability happens due to the interaction of the electromagnetic wave with the small-frequency longitudinal spin-electron-acoustic waves. The strongest growth of the instability happens in the high-density degenerate plasmas with the Fermi momentum close to mec, where me is the mass of electron and c is the speed of light. The increase of the instability increment with the growth of the spin polarization of plasmas is found.
Improved delayed detached eddy simulations of flow past an autonomous underwater helicopter
Authors: Wang Zhikun , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen , Chen Ying
Published: July 2023

To achieve good control of an autonomous underwater helicopter (AUH), it is of great significance to study its hydrodynamic quantities. In the present study, hydrodynamic analysis of a disk-shaped AUH is carried out by using three-dimensional (3D) improved delayed detached eddy simulations for the complex flow around an AUH model with main installed structures. The Reynolds numbers based on the incoming flow velocity and diameter of the AUH are in the range of (4–8)×105. The predicted drag and lift coefficients of the AUH at three different incoming flow velocities (0.35, 0.5, and 0.75 m/s) with five different pitch angles of (−15°, − 7.5°, 0°, 7.5°, and 15°) are analyzed. When the pitch angle increases from 0° to ±15°, the value of CD increases from 0.50 to 0.67. The value of CL decreases from 0.73 to −0.89 with the increasing pitch angle from −15° to 15°. The drag and lift coefficients of the AUH at three different incoming flow velocities with five different pitch angles are analyzed. The vortical flow structures of the three typical pitch angle cases subjected to an incoming flow velocity of 0.5 m/s are presented and discussed. A drag force element decomposition analysis is employed to further reveal the relationship between the wake flow and the hydrodynamic forces. It is found that the inverse ultrashort base line sensor and global positioning system antenna have significant contributions to the drag force. Furthermore, dynamic mode decomposition is applied to study the large-scale wake flow structures behind the AUH. The dominant modes are selected by using a sparsity-promoted algorithm. The modal analysis results reveal the spatial distributions of the large-scale 3D flow structures. It is indicated that vortical structures at different frequencies can be generated due to the installations on the AUH and different pitch angles.
Lift characteristics of an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers for Newtonian and shear-thinning Carreau fluids
Authors: Raj Apurva , Roy Somnath
Published: July 2023

In the present study, we have numerically investigated Carreau and Newtonian fluid flow over a stationary National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 airfoil using a sharp interface immersed boundary method. We have explained the mean lift behavior and stall phenomena by identifying different vortex formation patterns over the airfoil surface for different angles of attack. We found that not all but some shear-thinning fluids avoid stall altogether at high angles of attack. It is observed that the lift behavior is strongly related to the frequency of vortex departure from the suction surface. We have correlated fluctuating energies with mean lift characteristics, which is one of the novelties of our work. We have also used time-averaged vorticity transport rate analysis to explain the effect of non-linear viscosity distribution in the departure of vortices at high angles of attack. It is observed that the apparent viscosity dominates the transport of vorticity, and the effect of shear straining is negligible at high angles of attack.
Production of highly charged ions inside a cryogenic Penning trap by electron-impact ionisation
Authors: Kanika  , Krishnan A , Klimes J W , Reich B , Anjum K K , Baus P , Birkl G , Quint W , Vogel M
Published: July 2023

We have built and operated a cryogenic Penning trap arrangement that allows for the efficient production, selection, and long-term storage of highly charged atomic ions. In close similarity to an electron-beam ion trap it works by electron-impact ionisation of atoms inside a dedicated confinement region. The electrons are produced by field emission at liquid-helium temperature and are subsequently accelerated to the keV energy range. The electron beam is reflected through the trap multiple times to increase the ionisation efficiency. We show a characterisation of the system and measurements with argon and tungsten ions up to Ar16+ and W27+, respectively.
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on optimized Hilbert curve images and a novel bi-channel CNN with attention mechanism
Authors: Sun Kun , Liu Dongdong , Cui Lingli
Published: July 2023

Deep learning methods have been widely investigated in machinery fault diagnosis owing to their powerful feature learning capability. However, high accuracy is hard to achieve due to the limited fault information in a single domain when the data volume is small. In this paper, an optimized Hilbert curve (OHC) method is developed, which can generate a novel domain to highlight the fault impulses of vibration signals. To fully mine the fault information, a bidirectional-channel convolutional neural network with an attention mechanism is further proposed, in which two channels are constructed and a transmission channel selection is conducted by a novel improved convolutional block attention module. First, the OHC images and the time-frequency representations are obtained by OHC and wavelet transform respectively. Second, the two types of representations are fed into the channels respectively for feature learning. Finally, the learned features are allocated to different attention mechanism for feature fusion and classification. The proposed method is evaluated via the datasets of rolling bearings and planetary gearboxes, and results show that it outperforms the comparison methods.
Do painters need physics?
Authors: Wen Xiaojing , Korsun Igor
Published: July 2023

Article presents the possibilities of using the painting in physics education in the context of acquisition by students the ‘Learning to learn’ competence. Analysis of the works of 13 painters gave us the opportunity to formulate interesting research problems in physics. Examples of 18 problems and answers to them have been suggested. In the process of solving problems, students learn to work independently with printed and electronic sources of information, and also learn to independently conduct experiments and observations. The independent research activity of students involves searching of relevant information sources, collection and analysis of information, putting forward and testing a hypothesis, and formulation of conclusions. These valuable critical skills are components of ‘Learning to learn’ competence.
Non-contact quantification of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation using carotid waveforms from skin displacements
Authors: Khwaounjoo Prashanna , Dixon Alexander W , HajiRassouliha Amir , Lam Po Tang Emily J , Webster Mark W I , Taberner Andrew J , Nielsen Poul M F , Nash Martyn P , Cakmak Yusuf O
Published: July 2023

Objective. Early diagnosis of heart problems is essential for improving patient prognosis. Approach. We created a non-contact imaging system that calculates the vessel-induced deformation of the skin to estimate the carotid artery pressure displacement waveforms. We present a clinical study of the system in patients (n = 27) with no underlying condition, aortic stenosis (AS), or mitral regurgitation (MR). Main results. Displacement waveforms were compared to aortic catheter pressures in the same patients. The morphologies of the pressure and displacement waveforms were found to be similar, and pulse wave analysis metrics, such as our modified reflection indices (RI) and waveform duration proportions, showed no significant differences. Compared with the control group, AS patients displayed a greater proportion of time to peak (p = 0.026 and p = 0.047 for catheter and displacement, respectively), whereas augmentation index (AIx) was greater for the displacement waveform only (p = 0.030). The modified RI for MR (p = 0.047 and p = 0.004 for catheter and displacement, respectively) was lower than in the controls. AS and MR were also significantly different for the proportion of time to peak (p = 0.018 for the catheter measurements), RI (p = 0.045 and p = 0.002 for the catheter and displacement, respectively), and AIx (p = 0.005 for the displacement waveform). Significance. These findings demonstrate the ability of our system to provide insights into cardiac conditions and support further development as a diagnostic/telehealth-based screening tool.
Bismuth surfactant-enhanced III-As epitaxy on GaAs(111)A
Authors: M Hassanen Ahmed , Herranz Jesus , Geelhaar Lutz , B Lewis Ryan
Published: July 2023

Quantum dot (QD) growth on high (

c

3
v

) symmetry GaAs{111} surfaces holds promise for efficient entangled photon sources. Unfortunately, homoepitaxy on GaAs{111} surfaces suffers from surface roughness/defects and InAs deposition does not natively support Stranski–Krastanov QD growth. Surfactants have been identified as effective tools to alter the epitaxial growth process of III-V materials, however, their use remains unexplored on GaAs{111}. Here, we investigate Bi as a surfactant in III-As molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(111)A substrates, demonstrating that Bi can eliminate surface defects/hillocks in GaAs and (Al,Ga)As layers, yielding atomically-smooth hillock-free surfaces with RMS roughness values as low as 0.13 nm. Increasing Bi fluxes are found to result in smoother surfaces and Bi is observed to increase adatom diffusion. The Bi surfactant is also shown to trigger a morphological transition in InAs/GaAs(111)A films, directing the 2D InAs layer to rearrange into 3D nanostructures, which are promising candidates for high-symmetry QDs. The desorption activation energy (

U

D
e
s

) of Bi on GaAs(111)A was measured by reflection high energy electron diffraction, yielding

U

D
e
s

= 1.7 ± 0.4 eV. These results illustrate the potential of Bi surfactants on GaAs(111)A and will help pave the way for GaAs(111)A as a platform for technological applications including quantum photonics.