bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtaining microsatellite markers for Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum using heterologous primers
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Penafort Jefferson Murici , Mantovani Laís Santana Celestino ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Granzoto Gabriela Hernandes ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Castro Pedro Luiz de ,   Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Alves Luiz Fernando de Souza ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Souza Felipe Pinheiro de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Lopera-Barrero Nelson Maurício ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Oliveira Carlos Antônio Lopes de ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: April 2021

Studies on genetic composition in fish populations contribute to conservationist practices and inbreeding control in fish stocks. To this end, molecular tools such as microsatellite markers (SSRs) are often used, but they are expensive and time-consuming to develop. A species-specific heterologous marker emerges as an alternative, which can be used in taxonomically related species in a fast way. Our goal was to test SSRs markers of Brachyplatystoma rousseauxi and Pseudoplatystoma punctifer in P. reticulatum in an unprecedented way. For this purpose, DNA was extracted from fragments of the caudal fin of 222 P. reticulatum adults, using a NaCl-based method. Then, DNA samples were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using six markers, four from B. rousseauxi (BR38, 47, 51, and 61) and two from P. punctifer (PPU13 and PPU15). Two primers showed non-specific amplification and were disregarded (BR38 and PPU13). In the remaining four primers, the number of alleles per locus varied between two (BR47) to sixteen (BR51), and the average size of alleles was between 142 and 400 bp. Mean effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 10,650 (BR51) to 1,784 (BR47), with null or low-frequency alleles in all studied loci. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.299 (BR47) to 0.640 (BR51) and was always lower than the expected heterozygosity. Hardy-Weinberg balance was significant (p < 0.05) in all loci, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) was always positive. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) confirmed the efficiency of the markers since they had moderate (BR47) to high levels of information (BR51, BR61, and PPU15). Transferability test showed that the heterologous microsatellite molecular markers, originally for B. rousseauxi and P. punctifer, were efficient in P. reticulatum, producing three primers with high information content. Therefore, these markers can be safely used in future population studies of this species.
Standardization of blood meal production process at a rendering plant using design of experiments
Authors:   Sergio Arboleda University, Piñero Juan Carlos Morales , Clavijo John Alexander ,   Sergio Arboleda University, Ortiz Edison Mauricio Rodríguez ,   Sergio Arboleda University
Published: April 2021

This research focuses on the standardization of the blood meal production process at a Colombian rendering plant through a design of experiments. Initially, 108 samples of blood meal were taken where only 23% achieved the moisture target (7.5% to 8.5%). Therefore, an analysis of the measurement system was performed using a repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study. Results showed that 39.96% of the observed variability was caused by the measurement system that was out of control. So, it was necessary to improve the method of sampling reducing the participation of the measurement system in the variability of the process to only 3.79%. Later, several experiments were accomplished with a 2k factorial design. Each experiment consisted of a response variable (blood meal moisture), two controllable factors (drying chamber temperature and percentage of rotation of the metering screw), and an uncontrollable factor (initial blood meal moisture). Finally, experiments were carried out and validated observing that, with a drying chamber temperature of 160 °C and a percentage of screw rotation of 29%, more than 97% of the blood meal was according to the moisture target. In conclusion, is confirmed that the design of experiments is a tool that allows a clear path towards optimization and standardization of processes.
Methodology of the tetrazolium test for identifying viable seeds of orchids of the genus Cattleya native to the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Ribeiro Luan Marlon , Sorgato José Carlos ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Soares Jackeline Schultz ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Ramos Jéssica Celeste Mônico ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Published: April 2021

Orchids need measures for conservation of their species, among them the creation of seed banks. This study analyzes suitable methodologies to identify the viability of Cattleya seeds through the tetrazolium test. Seeds of Cattleya nobilior Rchb. and Cattleya walkeriana Gardn. were submitted to three preconditioning: no soaking (control); sucrose (10%); or distilled water. After 24 hours, they were submitted to tetrazolium solution with three types of conditioning: oven (40 °C); water bath (40 °C); or room temperature. Subsequently, the percentage of viable seeds (VS) was calculated and in vitro sowing was carried out. Germination percentage (G) was determined after 45 days. A completely randomized design was used for each species studied, with treatments arranged in a 3x3 factorial scheme (three preconditioning and three conditioning), with eight replicates of one tube each. The experiment was performed in duplicate. The highest viability values found in the tetrazolium test were close to those of germination (C. nobilior: VS = 88% e G = 97%; C. walkeriana: VS = 88% e G = 95%) for Cattleya species native to the Cerrado. The conditioning at ambient temperature had a greater effect on seed visualization for both species studied, suggesting that the tetrazolium test should be performed at this conditioning temperature.
Performance and biometry of the gastrointestinal tract in growing Japanese quails fed bee pollen
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Sanches Lorena Mari , Eyng Cinthia ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Garcia Rodrigo Garófallo ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Broch Jomara ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campos Felipe Potenza ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Tenório Karine Isabela ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of bee pollen in the diet of growing Japanese quails on productive performance, relative weight of the gastrointestinal organs and length of small and large intestines. A total of 650 one-day-old female Japanese quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments according to the dietary levels of bee pollen (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6%), five replicates, and 26 birds per experimental unit. At the end of the experimental period (35 days of age), the performance and relative weight of the gastrointestinal organs and length of small and large intestines were evaluated. The dietary inclusion of bee pollen did not influence (P > 0.05) performance, relative weight of proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, liver, and large intestine, as well as the length of small and large intestines. However, a linear reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in the relative weight of small intestine as dietary bee pollen levels increased. The inclusion of bee pollen from 0.4 to 1.6% in the diet of growing Japanese quails did neither improve productive performance nor alter the biometry of digestive organs.
Research-care in the breastfeeding process of babies with cleft lip and palate in light of Kolcaba’s theory
Authors: Szalbot Jacqueline Emanuelly , Tonin Luana , Makuch Débora Maria Vargas
Published: April 2021

Objective: to unveil the experience of mothers of babies with cleft lip and palate as to breastfeeding, identify the care needs of these mothers and propose nursing care to mothers and babies in light of Kolcaba’s theory. Method: this is a research-care with a qualitative approach with 20 mothers of babies with cleft lip and palate through nursing consultation. Content analysis was adopted. Results: the context units emerged: physical and private comfort during breastfeeding; baby satiety; breastfeeding management; support from health professionals. Conclusion: it is concluded that the most important need reported by most mothers is babies’ hunger satiety. It is notorious to transfer mother comfort to baby comfort, which can configure transcendence in this aspect, i.e., comfortable newborn, comfortable mother.
Mediate and late postoperative evolution of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery
Authors: Figueiredo Mariana Lopes de , Silveira Vanda Cristina , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Oliveira Maier Suellen Rodrigues de , Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: investigar a evolução pós-operatória mediata e tardia de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, segundo o tipo de cirurgia.
Métodos: estudo observacional, realizado em um hospital do interior paulista, entre março de 2016 e outubro de 2017. Os dados foram coletados mediante consulta aos prontuários. No pós-operatório mediato, foram investigados complicações e desfecho da internação. No pós-operatório tardio, investigaram-se complicações, novos procedimentos e desfecho ao longo de dois anos.
Resultados: participaram 118 pacientes. A hiperglicemia foi a complicação mediata mais frequente no grupo de revascularização do miocárdio e de cirurgias combinadas de revascularização e correção valvar. “Razão normalizada internacional” não terapêutica foi a complicação mais frequente no grupo de correção valvar. Quanto ao desfecho, 90,9% estavam vivos após dois anos da alta hospitalar.
Conclusão: a frequência de complicações no pós-operatório mediato e tardio foi baixa.
Efficacy of Butanolic Fraction of Cocos Nucifera's Root Aqueous Extract on Induced Anemia Treatment
Authors: Tchogou A. P. , Sènou M. , Agbogba F. , Lokonon J. E. , Medoatinsa S. E. , Agbangnan Dossa C. P. , Loko F. , Agbonon A. , Sèzan A.
Published: April 2021

Cocos nucifera was a coastal plant whose roots were used in pharmacopoeia to treat anemia in Benin. The aqueous extract from its roots stimulated the synthesis of hemoglobin. The aim of this work was to test in vivo the efficacy of the butanolic fraction of the extract in the treatment of anemia. Methods: Wistar rats were anemic with phenylhydrazine for two days. From D2 to D15, some were treated by gavage with the butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots at the dose of 40 mg or 60 mg/kg of body weight/day, others were treated with vitafer (an anti-anemic drug) or with distilled water. The rats blood were collected on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 for the complete blood count and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: On D2, phenylhydrazine significantly lowered the hemoglobin level and the number of red blood cells, which were respectively corrected on D10 and D15 by the fraction of extract with release of hypochromic macrocytes. However, the effect was slower than that of the crude extract, was not specific to erythropoiesis because it also stimulated thrombopoiesis and was not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots corrected anemia by stimulation of hematopoiesis. The observed biological activity would probably be linked to anthocyanins which are mainly isolated by butanol. These results contribute to a better knowledge of bioactive compounds of our antianemic plants.
The Rebound Effect in Energy-Intensive Industries:A Factor Demand Model with Asymmetric Price Response
Authors: Dahlqvist Anna , Lundgren Tommy , Marklund Per-Olov
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to estimate industry-specific direct rebound effects and to relate these effects to industry energy efficiency programs. The rebound effect represents economic behavior that will offset energy savings from energy efficiency improvements. The paper focuses on four energy intense sectors in Sweden; pulp and paper, iron and steel, chemical, and mining, during 2001-2012. We apply a factor demand model that allows for asymmetric energy price responses, i.e. that firms respond differently to increasing and decreasing energy prices. The results show considerable rebound effects. For electricity and non-fossil fuels, efficiency improvements could even ‘backfire’. To mitigate this effect, policies, such as voluntary energy efficiency programs, should be combined with an increase in energy taxes if the ambition is to reduce overall energy use.
Optimal Nuclear Liability Insurance
Authors: Louaas Alexis , Picard Pierre
Published: April 2021

We analyze the insurance of nuclear liability risk, from theoretical and applied standpoints. Firstly, we characterize the optimal insurance scheme for a low-prob-ability industrial accident, such as a nuclear catastrophe, when liability is shared between the firm and the State. Using catastrophe bond data, we then evaluate the cost of capital sustaining such an insurance mechanism. Finally, we characterize the individual lotteries associated with the risk of a nuclear accident in France, and we estimate the optimal coverage. We conclude that the liability limit currently in force is likely to be inferior to the socially optimal level.
Exploring narrative, convictions and autoethnography as a convict criminologist
Authors: Earle Rod
Published: April 2021

Exploring narrative, convictions and autoethnography as a convict criminologist

Convict criminology draws from personal experience of imprisonment to offer critical criminological perspectives on punishment and prisons. In this article I discuss how some of these are aligned with questions of narrative and post-colonial perspectives in criminology. I use autoethnographic vignettes to communicate the experiences of imprisonment that inform the development of convict criminology, and I explore their relationship to narrative criminology’s interest in personal stories.
Narratieve criminologie meets participatief actieonderzoek
Authors: Van Impe Michelle
Published: April 2021

Narrative criminology meets Participatory Action Research: a reflection on epistemological opportunities and challenges

Critical narrative criminologists analyse dominant and institutionalised stories that can contribute to harm but they might also become more involved in interrogating and changing such narratives. The following question would be: in what ways can this be done? Based on experiences from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project on stigma with people who use(d) illegal drugs, this paper reflects on the epistemological opportunities and challenges of fusing narrative criminology with PAR. Although such an integration raises potential tensions – especially with regard to the role of the researcher – PAR can amplify narrative criminology by offering a framework for practicing critical, ethical and socially engaged scholarship. Vice versa, narrative criminology can deepen PAR in its analysis of discursive power structures and the relation between narratives and action.
The Influence of Gandhi's Economic Thoughts on the Indian Economy
Authors: Barua Taz Mazinder
Published: April 2021

Gandhi wanted the Indian economy to center around autonomous village republics rather than work on the back of large-scale industries or consumption expenditure. Gandhi’s principles for formulating his economic thoughts were based on a call to ‘return to the nature’. He would have liked people to reduce their wants in lives and to concentrate instead on development of their faculties for achievement of spiritual goals. This would not require people in villages to madly rush to cities in search of work. All people would live more fulfilling and meaningful lives. He would justify use of machines and industrial production systems in the economy only when the outcomes serviced the fundamental and most basic needs of people. This paper describes Gandhi’s economic principles in order to analyze how they contrast with the free operation of the market today which has created multiple new inequalities in society. The liberalized rapid economic growth model in India has made development of the rural sector secondary to rapid growths in trade and manufactures of consumer commodities in the urban centers. This has gone the opposite way from the paths Gandhi outlined for his country, and it has exacerbated the same societal inequalities he wanted to see reduced.
Review of Indian Travel Narratives
Authors: Lahiri Himadri
Published: April 2021

A review of  Somdatta Mandal, ed. Indian Travel Narratives: New Perspectives. New Delhi: Pencraft International, 2021.
Les nocions de temps i aspecte en els llibres de secundària: anàlisi i propostes
Authors: Crespí Isabel , Llop Naya Ares
Published: April 2021

En aquest article analitzem l’aproximació a les categories de temps i d’aspecte als llibres de text de Llengua catalana i literatura per a l’educació secundària obligatòria. Concretament, revisem com se’n plantegen la definició, la seqüenciació i l’enfocament de l’ensenyament-aprenentatge. Així mateix, la revisió d’aquests aspectes s’acompanya d’una sèrie d’observacions crítiques i propostes de millora que permeten tractar el temps i l’aspecte com a categories funcionals universals, a través de la reflexió significativa sobre el significat d’aquests termes i l’ús de les diferents formes del paradigma verbal des de l’òptica del discurs.
E AGORA JOSÉ, PARA ONDE VAI A ZENIR?
Authors: Ferreira Edivan Alexandre , Brandão Halana Adelino , Valdevino Antonio Messias , Silva Brena Carolina de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

O caso apresenta a narrativa da Zenir Móveis e Eletros, uma rede de lojas que atua, por decisão estratégica, exclusivamente no território cearense. O enredo apresenta as decisões tomadas quanto aos métodos utilizados para a expansão da empresa, e outros aspectos relacionados à aplicação dos recursos físicos, materiais, humanos entre outros. Assim, prestes a atingir o limite de municípios no estado do Ceará que atende às especificidades da metodologia aplicada pela organização, o caso convida o aluno a elucidar a situação-problema de qual deve ser o novo ambiente de atuação da Zenir.
DISPONIBILIZAÇÃO DOS DADOS GOVERNAMENTAIS ABERTOS PELOS PODERES EXECUTIVOS ESTADUAIS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Macedo Suélem Viana , Valadares Josiel Lopes
Published: April 2021

O estudo tem como objetivo geral examinar a disponibilidade de dados abertos nos portais eletrônicos dos poderes executivos dos estados brasileiros. Com relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, a técnica de coleta de dados empregada foi a análise dos Portais de Dados Abertos e do Portal da Transparência dos vinte seis estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. Os dados primários foram coletados a partir de um protocolo de análise, que contemplou análise de dez itens diferentes, sendo que cada um deles foi agrupado em uma das quatro dimensões elaboradas. Os resultados sugerem que, apesar dos avanços, a publicação estruturada de arquivos em formatos abertos nos governos estaduais ainda é incipiente. As evidências empíricas também indicaram que a regulamentação local dessa política baixa, que ainda há pouco suporte ao cidadão que busca pelos dados abertos e que os dados orçamentários e financeiros são os mais divulgados em formato aberto.
Investigando as Dificuldades e Perspectivas sobre um Curso de Engenharia de Software de Dois Ciclos: Um Survey com a Visão Discente
Authors: De Sousa Reudismam Rolim , Coutinho Jarbele Cássia da Silva , Nascimento Samara Martins , Leite Felipe Torres
Published: April 2021

Os cursos de graduação de Engenharia de Software (ES) buscam realizar a formação de novos profissionais, visando estabelecer conhecimentos técnicos e científicos para auxiliar no processo de construção e desenvolvimento de projetos tecnológicos. No entanto, dificuldades são percebidas ao estruturar os cursos de graduação para atender as diferentes demandas da área, voltadas para o mercado de trabalho, ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Assim, este estudo busca identificar os desafios, as percepções e as limitações dos discentes que cursam uma graduação em ES, no formato de dois ciclos. Para isto, foi aplicado um Survey para coleta de dados e, em seguida, foi realizada uma análise quali-quantitativa das informações coletadas. Os resultados apontaram desafios no 1° ciclo relacionados à (i) pouca prática em conteúdos ministrados, (ii) desmotivação com o curso devido à dificuldade em programar e (iii) quantidade de conteúdos teóricos ministrados por docentes. Já no 2° ciclo, relacionados à (i) falta de recursos bibliográficos atuais, (ii) indisponibilidade de algumas ferramentas gratuitas e (iii) conteúdos ministrados ainda de forma muito teórica. Desta forma, os resultados deste estudo contribuirão para uma análise de melhores intervenções nas atividades desempenhadas no referido curso.
Uma Análise da Emergência de Pensamento Computacional em Práticas de Desenvolvimento de Jogos Digitais na Educação do Campo
Authors: França Rozelma Soares de , Pontual Falcão Taciana , Peres Flavia , Morais Dyego
Published: April 2021

Embora o Pensamento Computacional (PC) seja um tema cada mais vai pesquisado no contexto da educação básica, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que fazem essa investigação no contexto da Educação do Campo. Nela, há diretrizes específicas que favorecem a mediação social, mas, no geral, suas tecnologias digitais educacionais ainda são produzidas em grandes centros urbanos, descontextualizadas dos conteúdos curriculares para territórios rurais. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisa a emergência do PC em diferentes fases de um processo de desenvolvimento de jogos digitais em uma escola do campo no nordeste brasileiro. Este processo ancora-se em uma abordagem histórico-cultural e organiza-se como uma comunidade de prática, envolvendo pesquisadores, estudantes, professoras e técnicos agrícolas em interações horizontais e construção coletiva de saberes. O PC emerge na concepção das narrativas e implementação dos jogos, privilegiando perspectivas situada e crítica em que a computação se torna ferramenta de expressão, questionamento e desejo de transformação do contexto socioeconômico dos povos campesinos.
Mapeamento e análise empírica de misconceptions comuns em avaliações de introdução à programação
Authors: Araujo Ada , Filho Daniel Lopes Zordan , Oliveira Elaine Harada Teixeira de , Carvalho Leandro Silva Galvão de , Pereira Filipe Dwan , Oliveira David Braga Fernandes de
Published: April 2021

Alunos de disciplinas introdutórias de programação exibem vários entendimentos equivocados de conceitos e dificuldades no conhecimento sintático, conceitual e estratégico. Tais equívocos levam os alunos a cometerem erros como atribuições erradas em variáveis, chamadas de métodos não declarados, passagens erradas de parâmetros para métodos, dentre outros. Esses erros são comuns e são chamados de misconceptions. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento dos misconceptions cometidos por estudantes de duas turmas nos trabalhos práticos da disciplina introdutória de programação (IPC) ofertada em uma Universidade Federal. Para fazer o levantamento, foram utilizados os códigos produzidos pelos alunos durante os trabalhos práticos da disciplina. Foi usada como base uma lista pré-definida de misconceptions relacionados à programação introdutória em Python, separados por assuntos computacionais comuns em disciplinas de IPC, como laços, matrizes, vetores, dentre outros. Por fim, foi identificado em quais assuntos da disciplina cada turma teve mais dificuldade e foi criada uma lista com 14 erros comuns que foram identificados nas duas turmas.
Uma abordagem prática apoiada pela aprendizagem baseada em projetos e gamificação para o ensino de Engenharia de Software
Authors: Tonhão Simone De França , Medeiros Andressa De Souza S. , Prates Jorge Marques
Published: April 2021

O desenvolvimento de software pode envolver aspectos complexos e que exigem conhecimento, fazendo com que, muitas vezes, os desenvolvedores enfrentem dificuldades durante este processo, pois podem se deparar com problemas com os quais não aprenderam lidar durante o processo de formação. Cursos de Licenciatura em Computação visam formar docentes em caráter multidisciplinar em áreas da Computação, tendo como fundamento a associação entre teoria e prática. Dentre as disciplinas que exigem essa associação, está a Engenharia de Software, uma disciplina na qual os alunos devem aplicar os conceitos teóricos em atividades que simulem atividades encontradas no processo de desenvolvimento de software. Partindo dessa premissa, este trabalho teve como objetivo propor e aplicar uma abordagem prática de ensino de Engenharia de Software com o intuito de trazer experiências práticas aos alunos de cursos de Licenciatura em Computação, motivando-os no processo de aprendizagem. A proposta foi elaborada a partir da análise de revisão de literatura em torno das atuais abordagens de ensino da Engenharia de Software, e suas principais vantagens e desvantagens. A proposta em questão apoia-se na abordagem de aprendizagem baseada em projetos e na gamificação. A aplicação da abordagem foi realizada em uma turma da disciplina de Engenharia de Software, em um Curso de Licenciatura em Computação, e para a avaliação foi aplicado um questionário aos alunos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a abordagem mostrou-se promissora no ensino de Engenharia de Software, proporcionando experiências reais de desenvolvimento, aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos, maior independência no processo de aprendizagem, entre outros.
Hello World: 17 habilidades para exercitar desde o início da graduação em computação
Authors: Pereira Roberto , Peres Leticia , Silva Fabiano
Published: April 2021

Reconhecendo diferentes desafios do ensino de Computação e conscientes do contexto situado em que atuamos, oferecemos uma disciplina de Introdução à Ciência da Computação, como disciplina curricular obrigatória, no primeiro semestre do nosso curso de Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação. Nessa disciplina, a ementa, o conteúdo programático e as estratégias didáticas têm o propósito de exercitar 17 habilidades que consideramos essenciais para profissionais da computação (tanto no sentido técnico quanto social e ético), além de situar estudantes na área e no curso escolhidos. Neste artigo, apresentamos a disciplina, as 17 habilidades que ela se propõe a exercitar, nossa estratégia didática, e relatamos os resultados de nossa experiência com a sua aplicação de forma totalmente remota. Com base na observação docente e na opinião discente obtida por meio de um questionário, identificamos que a disciplina foi efetiva em promover o exercício das diferentes habilidades, que ela foi capaz de ampliar o entendimento discente sobre o curso e sobre a responsabilidade profissional, e que o formato remoto apresentou mais vantagens do que desvantagens para a estratégia didática empregada. Os resultados também revelaram aspectos da estratégia didática que foram bem sucedidos e aspectos que ainda precisam ser aprimorados.
Laboratório Digital à Distância: Percepções de Docentes e Discentes
Authors: Almeida Felipe , Hayashi Victor Takashi , Arakaki Reginaldo , Midorikawa Edson , Cugnasca Paulo Sérgio , Canovas Sergio
Published: April 2021

O período corrente de isolamento social, adotado como medida para conter a pandemia do COVID-19, deixou aparente a necessidade de repensar métodos e técnicas de ensino, visando assegurar o aprendizado tanto teórico quanto prático dos discentes num momento em que o aprendizado presencial está inviabilizado. Este artigo apresenta a percepção docente e discente, que foram obtidas através de questionários realizados em workshops com os mesmos, de um oferecimento à distância de uma disciplina de laboratório de eletrônica digital em andamento. O oferecimento da disciplina é viabilizado por meio de uma infraestrutura desenvolvida utilizando conceitos de Internet das Coisas, permitindo o oferecimento de uma disciplina prática e respeitando as regras impostas de distanciamento social. Os resultados favoráveis obtidos até o momento foram possíveis através de um trabalho conjunto entre professores, monitores, técnicos e alunos.
Python Enhanced Error Feedback: Uma IDE Online de Apoio ao Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem em Programação
Authors: Araujo Luis Gustavo Jesus , Bittencourt Roberto Almeida , Chavez Christina Von Flach Garcia
Published: April 2021

Aprender a programar pode ser um desafio para muitos estudantes. São exigidas deles diversas competências como pensamento lógico, interpretação de texto e habilidades matemáticas que tornam complexa a programação. Em geral, professores não utilizam ferramentas que fornecem bom feedback para quem está aprendendo, pois são projetadas para programadores experientes, fator que potencializa o problema apresentado. Ao mesmo tempo, professores dificilmente conseguem fornecer feedback apropriado em tempo hábil e de modo individual, dado o seu volume de tarefas. Assim, ferramentas que proveem feedback apropriado aos estudantes podem auxiliar neste processo e diminuir a complexidade do processo de aprendizagem de programação. Este artigo apresenta a Python Enhanced Error Feedback (PEEF), uma IDE online para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem que fornece diversas formas de feedback tais como mensagens melhoradas, testes unitários e chat. São apresentados dois exemplos de uso de PEEF para cada um dos potenciais usuários. A ferramenta se apresenta como uma possibilidade de uso no ensino de programação, fornecendo feedback para os estudantes e professores. Por fim, possibilita um estudo mais aprofundado sobre tipos de feedback fornecidos aos estudantes novatos.
Agro-industrial By-Products from Amazonian Fruits: Use for Obtaining Bioproducts
Authors: Silva da Costa Russany , Vanessa Gabbay Alves Taís , Lopes da Silva Raimundo , Maria de Meneses Costa Ferreira Lindalva , Maria Ribeiro Costa Roseane , Otávio Carréra Silva José
Published: April 2021

Fruit processing contributes significantly to the agricultural exportation of the Amazonian; however, it generates large amounts of solid waste, despite its high content of bioactive compounds and nutritional properties, and they are discarded in the environment. Therefore, in order to add economic value and potential reuse of agro-industrial by-products from cocoa, cupuassu, pracaxi, and tucumã, we investigated the chemical characteristics of the seed by-product resulting from the industrial extraction of these oils. The investigation of the nutritional and chemical composition of by-product was submitted to green extraction, besides other qualitative and quantitative techniques for the characterization of the main bioactive compounds. The extracts obtained from these by-products had a significant total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis identified and quantified some flavonoids present in these by-products (gallic, caffeic and protocatechuic acid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, catechin, and quercetin). The oil from these species is widely used in the treatment of skin scarring and inflammation and is also used by the cosmetic industry. These results show that these by-products have a great potential for use, since they still have bioactive substances in their composition, which could alternatively be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or food industries.
Multicriteria Algorithm for Multisensory Food Analysis
Authors: Magno da Rocha Vianna Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Observation of the multisensory experience using fMRI, EEG and analysis of users’ responses using Fuzzy logic. The tabulation of these data aims to verify the responses and quantify them for comparison with a personal opinion survey using the SAATY scale and apply in general terms (opinion response and neural response) in other users belonging to the same group of people. Based on the data and processes of the described applications, a sensory mapping of the observer and verification of “patterns in neurophysiological processes” can be performed with a verbal response, in addition to allowing the understanding of the importance of these patterns for the selection of an option.
Is It Time to Terminate the Traditional Terminal Value?
Authors: Cornell Bradford , Gerger Richard
Published: April 2021

All corporate valuation models rely on very long forecasts of free cash flows. The only question is whether those forecasts are accounted for explicitly by using an extended valuation model or implicitly in an estimate of the terminal value after an explicit short-term forecast period of five to ten years. Given current computing technology, there are good reasons to use projections running out multiple decades. Doing so gives a clearer picture of the long-run issues that affect a company's value. Of course, developing very long-term forecasts is difficult and may be considered speculative, but the difficulty and speculation are not removed by assuming that at a horizon of five or ten years the firm enters steady state and applying a constant growth terminal value model. A better approach in many circumstances may be to explicitly take account of the need for very long-term forecasts, raising the question: “Is it time to terminate the traditional terminal value?”
Effects of Intervention Schemes on Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine Compliance Among Pregnant Women in a Health Facility in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Onoja Helen , Nduka Florence , Abah Austin E
Published: April 2021

Background: Malaria causes diverse adverse effects in the fetus due to the invasion of the placenta by Plasmodium. The use of intermittent preventive treatment (Sulphadoxinepyrimethamine- IPTp-SP) as a control measure for malaria in pregnancy has been recommended and shown to reduce unwanted birth outcomes. Objectives: This work aimed to evaluate the effects of intervention schemes on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) compliance and utilization among pregnant women in a health facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based survey was carried out among pregnant women admitted to the Labor ward of Obio-Cottage hospital. The information of mothers was collected using a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire and from their antenatal care (ANC) records. Results: Time of ANC registration indicated that 87%, 11.33%, and 1.66% of mothers were registered during their first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Sulphadoxinepyrimethamine was the drug of choice for 93.66% of the women while 6.33% took other drugs. The survey revealed that 97.15% and 2.85% of the women started SP usage in their second and third trimesters, respectively. It was observed that the majority of the women (69.39%) took SP thrice while 24.19% and 6.40% consumed it twice and once, respectively. Regarding knowledge about SP, 89% of the women viewed SP as a preventive drug for malaria while 11% acknowledged it as a therapeutic drug. The birth outcomes of the neonates whose mothers took SP indicated that 1.42% had low birth weight (LBW) while 98.57% had acceptable birth weight. Meanwhile, 10.53% of the babies born to the mothers who did not use SP had LBW, and 89.47% of them had acceptable birth weights. Overall, 98.93% of the neonates of SP-compliant women and 89.48% of the babies of non-compliant women were alive. Non- compliant women had higher prevalence of preterm birth (5.76%) and fetal death (5.26%) than SP-compliant women (0.7% and 0.35%, respectively). Conclusions: Adequate knowledge and compliance with SP usage were high in the studied population, which was associated with favorable birth outcomes.
The Use of Neck Sonography in Identifying Cervical Lymph Node: A Single Center Study from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Motamedfar Azim , Momen Gharibvand Mohammad , Sametzade Mojgan , Akhavan Sabagh Mahsa
Published: April 2021

Background: Tumor metastasis, as one of the most important prognostic factors in solid tumors, affects survival remarkably. Cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) reflects an advanced-stage disease and changes the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of tumor, resulting in a multidisciplinary approach to the management of cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the importance of neck sonography in monitoring primary tumors. Methods: Records of 166 patients with distant primary cancers who underwent neck sonography from February 2019 to February 2020 were studied. Abnormal lymph nodes were reported, and then the patients underwent neck sonography and fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) under direct US guidance. Thirty-two patients who were confirmed for malignant cervical LAP underwent neck lymph node biopsy as an easy and safe way to provide tissue diagnosis instead of providing biopsy from the primary source of tumor. Results: Malignant cervical LAP was confirmed in 32 patients (19.2%) by neck sonography. Seventy-seven patients (46.4%) were male and 89 patients (53.6%) were female. The patients were 22 to 88 years old (mean age = 57.7 years; standard deviation = 12.7). Thirty-two patients (19.2%) had pathological cervical lymph nodes and 134 patients (80.8%) did not have. Conclusions: Metastatic cervical LAP found by neck ultrasound will change pretreatment TNM staging of disease to provide optimal treatment on a case-by-case basis. According to the result of this study, routine neck sonography in patients with distant primary tumors is recommended.
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training and Eugenol Consumption on Cardiac Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Chlorpyrifos Poisoned Rats
Authors: Soltani-Moez Fatemeh , Rahmati-Ahmadabad Saleh
Published: April 2021

: Chlorpyrifos is an insecticide that can induce acute and chronic toxicity against the heart by affecting acetylcholinesterase (AChE or acetylhydrolase). The present study investigated the independent and combined effects of aerobic training and eugenol consumption on heart AChE in chlorpyrifos-poisoned rats. A total of 56 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly and equally assigned to several groups receiving various treatments: saline healthy-control, corn oil healthy-sham, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) healthy-sham, saline-toxic control, saline-toxic-training, eugenol-toxic control, and eugenol-toxic-training. The study groups with toxic labels initially received chlorpyrifos injections for six weeks. Then they received other treatments according to their labels (i.e., moderate-intensity aerobic training five sessions/week for six weeks and/or 250 mg/kg eugenol). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were anesthetized, and their left ventricles were collected, frozen, and sent to the laboratory. The data were analyzed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P-value < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference between groups. The results showed that chlorpyrifos treatment decreased cardiac AChE. Besides, aerobic training and eugenol supplementation independently increased cardiac AChE in chlorpyrifos treated rats. The combination of aerobic training and eugenol consumption had no extra effect on the cardiac AChE level compared with each treatment alone in the rats exposed to chlorpyrifos. In conclusion, aerobic training and eugenol treatment had a positive effect on cardiac AChE in the rats poisoned with chlorpyrifos. So, these interventions may be beneficial to deter the chronic effects of chlorpyrifos on the heart. Future studies should also take into account several other factors related to cardiac health.
Právo dítěte být slyšeno jako základní participační právo
Authors: Čamdžićová Sabina
Published: April 2021

Článek se věnuje problematice účasti a zapojení nezletilého v civilním soudním řízení, konkrétně v řízení péče soudu o nezletilé, které se ho úzce dotýká a které má vliv na jeho budoucí život. Nezletilý není účastníkem řízení s plnou procesní z působilostí a proto tato řízení a jeho participační práva vykazují mnoho odlišností od řízení, kterého se účastní pouze dospělí.
The Later Heidegger and the Later Levinas in the Time of Coronavirus
Authors: Manning Robert ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: April 2021

This article addresses the many ways the philosophies of the later Heidegger and the later Levinas speak to us in the time of the coronavirus pandemic. I argue that the pause in the world’s busy industrial life provides an ideal opportunity for what Heidegger called meditative thinking. The pandemic is also a time both of extreme bodily vulnerability and of extraordinary ethical responsibility for others, and so causes us to hear Levinas’ extreme language in Otherwise than Being about anarchic ethical responsibility and the self as a hostage in a very different way.
The Confluence of Authenticity and Inauthenticity in Heidegger’s Being and Time
Authors: Abergel David C. ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: April 2021

I argue that there is a confluence of authenticity and inauthenticity inherent to the structure of average everydayness in Being and Time. I support this reading by recasting Heidegger’s notion of fallenness in Being and Time in terms of its precursor, ruinance, which he introduces in his 1921–22 lecture course, Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle: Initiation into Phenomenological Research (ga 61). In this lecture course, Heidegger explains that ruinance is constituted by a dual movement of relucence and prestruction: the former, an intentional openness to the world; the latter, a securing that conceals that openness. While this dual movement is not expressed explicitly in these terms in Being and Time, I show that it is nevertheless tacitly operative in the structure of falling and that it grounds the duality of average everydayness. I frame this study around the debate on how Dasein can be authentic despite its fallenness, given that fallenness paradoxically renders Dasein essentially inauthentic.
The Greek Sources of Heidegger’s Alētheia as Primordial Truth-Experience
Authors: Saad George ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: April 2021

Heidegger develops his reading of a-lētheia as privative unconcealment (Unverborgenheit) in tandem with his early phenomenological theory of truth. He is not simply reinterpreting a word, but rather reading Greek philosophy as having a primordial understanding of truth which has itself been concealed in interpretation. After shedding medieval and modern presuppositions of truth as correspondence, the existential truth-experience shows itself, no longer left puzzlingly implicit in unsatisfactory conventional readings of Greek philosophy. In Sein und Zeit §44, Heidegger resolves interpretive difficulties in Parmenides through his interpretation of alētheia and philologically grounds this reading in Heraclitus’s description of the unconcealing logos. Although this primordial sense of the word has already been obscured in Plato and Aristotle, the structural gradation of their theories of truth conserves the primordial pre-Socratic sense of truth as the experience of unconcealment.
Bodies Unseen
Authors: Alvarez Natalie ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

The struggle to “adapt” to the presence of the corpse serves as the central turning point for this investigation into the theatrical encounters with the corpse in the early modern anatomy theatre. Beginning with novelist W.G. Sebald’s claim, in The Rings of Saturn, that the art of anatomy was a way of “making the reprobate body invisible,” Alvarez queries how the corpse as the central “gure of this theatrical space challenges conventional modes of theatrical looking and how the particular viewing procedures invited by the anatomy theatre, as a theatrical space, effectively make the body “unseen.” Using Restoration diarist Samuel Pepys’ documented encounter with a corpse and the early phenomenologist Aurel Kolnai’s writings On Disgust, Alvarez attempts to account for the “perceptual and interpretive black hole” that the corpse presents in this schema. The corpse’s “radical actuality” and, paradoxically, its “surplus of life” act as a cipher that cuts through the virtual space constructed by the anatomical demonstration, undermining the gravitas of the scientific gaze that has acquired its weight in contradistinction to the theatricality of the event. But the corpse’s “radical actuality” and its “surplus of life” introduces a danse macabre of theatrical looking that moves between absorption and repulsion, reversing the otherwise consumptive gaze of the onlooker.
A Phenomenological Account of the Shooting Spree
Authors: McInerney Robert G. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

I presented a version of this paper in November of 1999 after the Columbine Shootings. Currently, I have come to focus less on the gun as a technological augmentation and extension of desire and more on the mooded, lived situation of the immediate shootings. However, I have included a small portion of that previous analysis here in order to set the stage, if you will, for a phenomenological explication of the shooting spree. I put forth that the spree itself, as it is experienced, is an important consideration in further understanding and preventing rampage, mass killings in the United States.
Abortion and Human Rights in Central America
Authors: Arguedas-Ramirez Gabriela ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This essay aims to show that the nations of Central America must create access to safe and legal abortion as well as promote a political dialogue on the subject that is based on reason and science, rather than religion. Not only does prohibiting abortion constitute a violation of women's human rights, but, based on international human rights law as well as the minimum duties of civil ethics, failing in to provide such access or dialogue would mean failing to meet the standards of a legitimate democratic state.
“Shevek” in Ursula K. LeGuin’s The Dispossessed
Authors: Swazo Norman K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Political philosophy (past and present) concerns itself with thematic, systematic interrogation of political ideas, structures, institutions, and practices. As such it privileges the authority of reason. But, the vision of the literary imagination likewise can and does contribute to human understanding and to imagining our common future. Ursula K. LeGuin is a master teacher of ethical politics in her award-winning novel The Dispossessed. Therein, the protagonist Shevek is presented as an edifying exemplar of “permanent revolution” in a uniquely “thinking mind.” His quest for solidarity of peoples is grounded on a possibility of authentic selfhood within his anarchist society. Considering the concept of authentic selfhood as discussed in philosopher Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time, Shevek’s character may be represented as an imaginary, yet “real,” example or profile of how authentic selfhood may be constituted. This is consistent with LeGuin’s intent in The Dispossessed.
Religious Violence as Emergency Mindset
Authors: Jerryson Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Religion and violence are both ambiguous categories but in the cultural mosaic that pits human against human, religion is a reoccurring justifier. There is no religion exempt from this tendency toward violence. Further, based on Milgram and Zimbardo’s experiments with students who were convinced that it was necessary to inflict torture on subjects for the greater good, it is apparent that ordinary people may commit heinous acts, given a sense of overarching emergency. Examples of religiously justified atrocities and violent rhetoric are summarized in this essay. In each case there is the mindset that violence is justified due to an extraordinary set of circumstances which require the suspension of behavioral norms.