bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT
Authors: Grietēna Indra
Published: April 2017

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.
O riso discreto e o soneto cômico: A uns olhos tortos
Authors: Da Silva Cássio Roberto Borges , De Novais Valeria Pereira Silva
Published: April 2017

Este ensaio versa sobre a codificação dos argumentos risíveis nas práticas discursivas da Sociedade Corte. Os tratados de cortesia e as poéticas do Antigo Regime, apropriando-se da noção aristotélica de cômico, definem a matéria risível como torpeza física ou moral. De acordo com tais textos, o emprego de ditos risíveis deveria atender a um decoro áulico, codificado, basicamente, em função de duas finalidades: por um lado, a recreação dos ânimos, por outro, a ordenação agradável dos modos. Identificamos, pois, um gradativo deslocamento na normativa ética e poética, centrada, inicialmente, em questões relativas à matéria do riso e, posteriormente, nos dispositivos elocutivos que poderiam ser empregados em seu tratamento, ou seja, se, inicialmente, os preceptores definem o dito gracioso como amplificação de deformidades aparentes, posteriormente, a codificação do riso discreto concentra-se no tratamento engenhoso de torpezas propriamente ditas. O soneto cômico A uns olhos tortos, atribuído a Bacelar, exemplifica tais usos.********************************************************************The discreet laughter and the comic sonnet: The crossed eyesAbstract: His essay deals with the coding of laughable arguments in the discursive practices of the Court Society. The treaties of courtesy and the poetic of the Old Regime, appropriating the Aristotelian notion of comic, define laughable matter as a physical or moral turpitude. According to these texts, the use of laughable sayings should serve to an aulic decorum, coded, mainly because of two purposes: on the one hand as the recreation of spirits and on the other hand as pleasant sort of manners. We identify a gradual shift in the ethical and poetic norm, focusing initially on issues related to the matter of laughter and subsequently in elocutive devices that could be used in its treatment, that is, if initially the tutors define the graceful saying as an amplification of apparent deformities, later on, the codification of discreet laughter focuses on ingenious treatment of shame itself. The comic sonnet The crossed eyes, attributed to Bacelar, exemplifies such use.Keywords: laughter; decorum; engenius.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira Maria Eunice , Chaves Vania Pinheiro
Published: April 2017

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Acción local y auditorio global: la presencia anarquista en América Central según sus fondos documentales entre 1910 y 1930
Authors: Llaguno Thomas José Julián
Published: April 2017

El articulo presenta un análisis sobre la presencia anarquista en América Central en las primeras décadas del siglo XX a partir de una reflexión conceptual y metodológica que utiliza como principales fuentes las publicaciones anarquistas editadas dentro y fuera de la región; así como la historiografía más importante que ayuda a contextualizar el tema. Se argumenta a favor de una perspectiva de análisis que desarrolle todas las potencialidades del estudio de redes militantes, así como un enfoque que combine tiempo y espacio como variables interdependientes e imprescindibles para caracterizar con amplitud los alcances y limitaciones de la acción anarquista.
Medio ambiente y desarrollo: efectos y resultados de las actividades productivas y la legislación ambiental sobre la naturaleza y las condiciones de vida de la población, en la región Chorotega de Costa Rica. 1990-2015
Authors: Blanco Obando Edgar Eduardo
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo muestra los principales efectos y resultados de la operación de las principales actividades productivas y la vigencia de legislación ambiental sobre el medio ambiente y las condiciones de vida de la población en la región Chorotega, durante el período 1990-2014.Mediante la revisión y análisis de diversos documentos oficiales, científicos y técnicos, se determina que los modelos productivos Neoliberal y Desarrollo Sustentable provocaron la construcción de una extensa legislación dirigida a preservar el ambiente, junto al establecimiento de un sistema productivo basado en la operación de grandes unidades agropecuarias y turísticas, que debido a la incapacidad del Estado de aplicar la legislación ambiental, han explotado intensivamente los ecosistemas locales. A pesar de la alta rentabilidad de estas unidades productivas, la riqueza generada no se ha distribuido de forma equitativa entre la población local, que presenta problemas de pobreza, desempleo y bajo desarrollo social.
Transmisión patrimonial hereditaria y reproducción social en una parroquia rural de la Provincia de Maracaibo (Venezuela) a fines del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Rincón Rubio Luis
Published: April 2017

Se realiza una aproximación al sistema familiar en la parroquia Inmaculada Concepción de La Cañada, Provincia de Maracaibo (Venezuela), a fines del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX en su dimensión de transmisión intergeneracional de bienes. Para ello, se estudia la inclusión o exclusión concreta de los jóvenes adultos en relación a la herencia y el momento de la transmisión de la herencia para un conjunto de familias de la parroquia, a través del análisis de un conjunto de expedientes de inventarios y partición de bienes hereditarios. No se evidencian distorsiones significativas del modelo hereditario igualitario predominante en la parroquia en función de factores como el género o la primogenitura, lo cual confirma hallazgos previos que evidencian la predominancia en la parroquia de una ética de legitimidad entre generaciones basada en el principio de la parentela cognaticia, donde la vida social se representa como una red de relaciones entre parientes consanguíneos colaterales. La investigación realizada complementa los escasos estudios existentes y amplía el conocimiento sobre sistemas familiares y prácticas hereditarias en América Latina durante el Antiguo Régimen.
De lo privado a lo público: la celebración del Orgullo LGBTI en Costa Rica, 2003-2016
Authors: Jiménez Bolaños José Daniel
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se hace un análisis sobre las celebraciones del Orgullo LGBTI (lésbico, gay, trans, bisexual e intersexual) en Costa Rica entre el 2003 y el 2016, utilizando principalmente fuentes periodísticas. Se argumenta que dichas celebraciones se pueden entender como movimientos sociales que buscan alcanzar la igualdad legal, cultural y en algunos casos la estructural. Se establecen las diferentes modalidades que han tenido esas celebraciones y se hace énfasis en las paradojas que surgen a partir de sus dinámicas. Se concluye que en el Orgullo se evidencia una mezcla de celebración y reivindicación política, una tensión en cuanto a la forma “apropiada” de representación y entre los objetivos de corta, mediana y larga duración. Al mismo tiempo se concluye que los derechos civiles se convierten en el principal eje discursivo a lo largo de todos los festivales y marchas.Palabras clave: homosexuales, minorías sexuales, festival, ciudadanía, identidad
The prevalence of CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamases among Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. isolated from three Iranian hospitals
Authors: Bialvaei Abed Zahedi , Pourlak Tala , Aghamali Mina , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Gholizadeh Pourya , Kafil Hossein Samadi
Published: April 2017

Bacterial antimicrobial resistance mediated by the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is considered a major threat for treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infections. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella and Shigella spp. and presence of CTX-M from three teaching hospitals in Iran. In the present study, 58 clinical Shigella and 91 Salmonella isolates were recovered between 2009 and 2013 from 3 teaching hospitals in Iran. After culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ESBL-positive isolates were subjected to further investigations. These included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing of blaCTX-M-15 encoding plasmid. In both genera, high sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin, but high resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole, was found. Molecular investigation showed that 31.8% isolates of Salmonella spp. and 34.48% isolates of Shigella spp. were CTX-M positive and all of them were also positive for ISEcpI. Protein translation, comparing with reference sequences, showed that all CTX-M isolates belong to CTX-M-15. The present study suggests that the resistance of ESBLs-producing Salmonella and Shigella spp. in Iran hospitals is very serious. Therefore, strategies to minimize the spread of ESBL-producing isolates should be implemented.
Understanding organisational and cultural precursors to events
Authors: Taylor Richard , May John , Weyman Andrew , Carhart Neil
Published: April 2017

Reviewing the collective findings from investigations into a range of major events in high-hazard industries has led to the conclusion that there is a need to develop greater resilience to the organisational and cultural causes of these events. This requires more rigorous methods for identifying disaster precursors and for supporting intervention design. A study of the organisational and cultural precursors relating to 12 major events across several industries revealed shared precursors in areas such as leadership, operational attitudes and behaviours, communication, risk analysis, learning and oversight and scrutiny. This has enabled statements of good practice to be developed, together with question sets that can be used by regulators and the industry to profile organisational risk management resilience and thereby drive organisational learning. The research shows that the processes of incubation and evolution of disaster events can be complex and exercising control therefore requires development of more sophisticated ‘tools’ than are currently available. It has revealed repeating patterns of failure and the importance of psychological and behavioural factors which have led to poor decision-making. Causal loop modelling is being used to capture these patterns to facilitate the design of more informed interventions. Emerging issues and new approaches being developed are discussed and examples given.
Catalytic effects of CeO2 and carbon nanotube addition in plasma-sprayed Al2O3
Authors: Banerjee Amitava , Mahato Neelima , Bhaduri Bhaskar , Balaji Narayanaswamy , Siddiqui Abdul Rahim , Aruna Singanahalli ThippaReddy , Verma Nishith , Balani Kantesh
Published: April 2017

Ceramic composite coatings of alumina (Al2O3), alumina–micro-ceria (µ-CeO2) and alumina–micro-ceria–multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were processed using plasma spraying. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals evolution of new phases – namely, γ-alumina and non-stoichiometric phases of alumina. Reinforcement of 3 wt% MWNTs has been shown to restrict the degeneration of ceria and synergistically conserve the γ-phase. The catalytic ability of alumina–micro-ceria–MWNT has been confirmed from the nitric oxide (NO) oxidation reaction. An observed 25% conversion ability arises at 350°C in a 10% oxygen (O2) environment, which indicates that ceria inclusion increases the oxidation of nitric oxide. Thus, the alumina–micro-ceria–MWNT composite can serve as a potential catalyst for nitric oxide conversion.
Finite-element analysis of anchor-jointed precast structural wall system
Authors: El Semelawy Mohamed , El Damatty Ashraf , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: April 2017

The anchor-jointed precast structural shear wall system is a novel structure. In this system, precast shear walls are jointed together and/or to the foundation using threaded steel anchor bolts. This new joining technique makes the construction process of precast shear walls easier and faster. Moreover, steel anchor bolts at the connection are designed to act as structural ductile fuses in order to reduce the possibility of concrete damage and capital loss during an earthquake event. The primary objective of this study was to develop a three-dimensional finite-element model to capture the lateral response of the proposed system. The accuracy of the developed model was verified at element and structural levels using, respectively, experimental data from the literature and test results on reduced-scale anchor-jointed shear walls. The verified model was then used to conduct an analytical parametric study. The results indicate that the lateral response of the proposed system is controlled by the parameters governing concrete fracture energy in both tension and compression. In addition, gravity loads were found to greatly enhance the lateral capacity of the system, while anchor pre-tensioning forces had a minimal effect on the system behaviour.
Estudio de los vínculos entre cultura organizacional y calidad de los servicios educativos en la imagen institucional de una universidad privada confesional
Authors: Turpo Chaparro Josué , Jaimes Donald
Published: April 2017

La calidad de los servicios académicos, junto con la imagen institucional y la cultura organizacional son factores clave en el proceso de licenciamiento universitario. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la relación que tiene la calidad de los servicios académicos y la cultura organizacional en la imagen institucional de una institución privada confesional. La metodología utilizada es correlacional bajo el enfoque cuantitativo. Se trata de una correlación múltiple con propósito de causalidad que pretende explicar las relaciones existentes, a través del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple ANOVA. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos, el  Organizational Culture Survey (DOCS) de Denison de 60 ítems; el Instrumento de evaluación  escala de Satisfacción Estudiantil en cuanto a la Calidad Educativa (SEICE) 93 ítems y el  cuestionario de Imagen Institucional para públicos selectos de Escobar de 31 ítems. Los instrumentos de cultura y calidad utilizaron como evaluación la escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos, en el caso del instrumento de imagen se calificó a través  signos positivos y negativos. Los instrumentos fueron aplicados a una población de 221 personas del público alumnos de  una universidad privada confesional.  Entre los resultados  se obtuvieron relaciones significativas entre las variables estudiadas y sus dimensiones.  Se concluye que la valoración positiva de la imagen institucional se ve afectada por la cultura organizacional y la calidad de los servicios educativos.          
HEAVY RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE PROYECTIONS IN A CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO OVER QUITO, ECUADOR
Authors: Serrano Vincenti Sheila , Ruiz Jean Carlos , Bersosa Fabián
Published: April 2017

Esta investigación analiza eventos extremos a nivel diario de temperaturas mínimas, máximas y lluvias en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito utilizando datos con más de 30 años de la red meteorológica del INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Ecuador), y utilizando el programa R-ClimDex. Se presentan escenarios el año 2032 combinando resultados estadísticos de eventos extremos con el forzamiento físico de los escenarios A2 y B2 del modelo de cambio climático PRECIS A2 y B2, y utilizando la teoría de valores extremos del programa extReme. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en los valores mensuales mínimos y máximos de temperatura tanto en magnitud y frecuencia; además de un aumento en la intensidad de lluvias extremas. Las proyecciones para 2032 mantienen este comportamiento, con resultados que deben ser tomados en cuenta por los tomadores de decisión y científicos debido al peligro que significan para el ecosistema de Quito. 
EFECTO DE LA SUPLEMENTACIÓN CON LEVADURA DE CERVEZA (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Y PROMOTORES EN LA GESTACIÓN Y RECRÍA DE CUYES (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Castro Muñoz Eloy , Narváez Jiménez Pablo Xavier , Ortega Ojeda Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2017

En Tumbaco, Pichincha a 2460 m.s.n.m., se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación alimenticia con sistemas nutricionales constituidos por la combinación de: levadura de cerveza (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Indumix (mezcla mineral y vitamínica) y A-V 25 (complejo vitamínico con antibiótico) durante las etapas de gestación y recría de cuyes (Cavia porcellus). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, el número de tratamientos fueron ocho, durante la etapa de gestación se utilizaron de cuatro a cinco animales por tratamiento y durante la etapa de recría se utilizaron cuatro animales machos y cuatro animales hembra por tratamiento que fueron seleccionados al azar. Las Variables analizadas fueron: incremento de peso, incremento de longitud, conversión alimenticia, consumo de balanceado, consumo de forraje, mortalidad, peso de los gazapos al nacer y análisis financiero. Durante la etapa de gestación no se presentó significancia estadística en incrementos de peso; durante la etapa de recría en gazapos machos, el tratamiento que alcanzó mayor incremento de peso y longitud fue t7 (Testigo + Levadura de cerveza + Indumix + A-V 25) con 821 g/cuy y 11,92 cm/cuy respectivamente; para el caso de gazapos hembras, el mejor tratamiento fue t7 (Testigo + Levadura de cerveza + Indumix + A-V 25) con incremento de peso de 816,5 g/cuy y un incremento de longitud de 11,80 cm/cuy . Finalmente la mejor Relación Beneficio/Costo tuvo el tratamiento t7 (Testigo + Levadura de cerveza + Indumix + A-V 25) y t6 (Testigo + Indumix + A-V 25) con un valor de 1,13 USD,B/C.

 

 
DETERMINACIÓN DE LOS VALORES DE REFERENCIA EN EL HEMOGRAMA DE CABALLOS NACIDOS O CRIADOS A MÁS DE 3000 M.S.N.M. EN LA SIERRA CENTRO NORTE ECUATORIANA
Authors: Izurieta Barzola José Luis , Luna Diego , Cedeño Prócel Yolanda Mercedes , Chacha Vega Sergio Rolando
Published: April 2017

En la sierra centro norte ecuatoriana se realizó un estudio de hemograma a 100 caballos mayores de dos años de edad, criados sobre los 3000 m.s.n.m., el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar valores hematológicos a esta altitud y compararlos con otros estudios realizados a nivel del mar. Las muestras sanguíneas fueron tomadas en reposo de los animales y enviadas al laboratorio para ser analizadas en el equipo de hematología automática Mindray R BC2800Vet, para el análisis de los datos y determinar los valores de referencia se utilizó el complemento de Microsoft Excel R Reference Value Advisor. Las muestras fueron tomadas de caballos criollos ecuatorianos para obtener datos hematológicos de este tipo de caballos antes no estudiado. Se encontraron 82 muestras idóneas para establecer valores de hemograma con distribución normal, glóbulos rojos 6,23 − 10,84 × 106/mL; hemoglobina 11,4−18,4 g/L; hematocrito 32,3−52,3%; volumen corpuscular medio 40,2−57 fL; hemoglobina corpuscular media 14−20,3 pg; concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media 32−37 g/L; glóbulos blancos 4,8−12×103/mL; linfocitos 1,4 − 7,5 × 103/mL; monocitos 0,2 − 0,7 × 103/mL; granulocitos 2,2 − 8,8 × 103/mL; linfocitos% 16,8 − 64,9%, monocitos% 2,9−7%, granulocitos% 30,5−78,7%; plaquetas 101−401×103/mL . Los resultados se compararon con referencias bibliográficas internacionales y se encontró diferencias significativas (P< 0,05) en glóbulos rojos, hemoglobina, hematocrito y monocitos en el estudio de Böhmwald et al., (1984); diferencia significativa en hematocrito, volumen corpuscular medio, linfocitos, monocitos y plaquetas con el estudio de Giordano et al., (2008); mientras que con el estudio de Díaz et al., (2011) hubo diferencia significativa con la hemoglobina, monocitos y plaquetas.

 
CONSIDERACIÓN BÁSICA SOBRE LA SEGURIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE LOS JUGOS DE NARANJA EXPENDIDOS EN LOS ALREDEDORES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA-SEDE QUITO, CAMPUS “EL GIRÓN”
Authors: Calderón Roberto , Jácome Juan Diego , Rojas Danny , Ramírez-Cando Lenin
Published: April 2017

En la presente investigación se realizó un aislamiento en medio Mac Conkey Agar y el análisis cuantitativo de bacilos Gram negativos encontrados en muestras de jugo de naranja natural elaborados y expendidos en los alrededores de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana-Sede Quito, Campus “EL Girón”, el proyecto se realizó en el Centro de Investigación y Valoración para la Biodiversidad , para la investigación se tomaron cinco muestras de diferentes lugares del sector, trabajando a seis diluciones (10−1 a 10−6 ml) en agua fisiológica. Se cultivaron las muestras a una temperatura de 35 a 37◦C durante tres días, las primeras 8 horas se cuantificaron cada 2 horas según el tiempo habitual de consumo y por lo recomendado en la norma INEN se cuantificaron las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias hasta las 72 horas. De los resultados obtenidos se comprobó que el 40% de los jugos de naranja expendidos a los alrededores de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana-Sede Quito, Campus “El Girón” no son aptos para el consumo humano ya que sobrepasan los límites permisibles máximos de coliformes totales establecidos en la Normativa Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 2337:2008.
Pymes como modelo económico en la creación de estrategias de comunicación
Authors: Hoyos Zavala Alfredo Eduardo , Lasso de la Vega González Carmen
Published: April 2017

En la actualidad, el mercado se encuentra sobresaturado por la diversidad de ofertas y empresas. La imagen corporativa es de vital importancia y un elemento fundamental para el correcto posicionamiento de una marca, más aún en el ámbito de las PYMES (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas). La imagen corporativa es la manera cómo los clientes perciben una empresa, lo que define el éxito o fracaso de la misma. La creación de esta imagen corporativa debe ser uno de los primeros pasos que debe seguir un empresario al organizar o emprender un negocio de comercialización de productos o servicios, siendo una forma de manifestar firmemente la marca. Asimismo, la imagen corporativa se constituye como la oportunidad que tiene toda empresa de diferenciarse frente a su competencia y transmitir a los consumidores valores fundamentales como la confianza que se forja en la relación empresa-cliente. Los consumidores relacionan grandes cadenas sumamente posicionadas con el profesionalismo, seriedad y tranquilidad. Por esta razón para las PYMES es un reto lograr posicionarse dentro de un mercado tan competitivo. Poco a poco estas empresas construyen una identidad corporativa sólida y coherente, lo cual logra conseguir que se posicionen un poco más en la mente del consumidor. De la imagen corporativa depende el tipo de clientes que se logra captar y por supuesto la primera impresión que dará la empresa, algo esencial si quieren diferenciarse y destacar sobre la competencia.
Capitalismo social: un vistazo a resultados macroeconómicos de Ecuador, Perú y Colombia
Authors: Lalama Roma Amada , Bravo Lalama Andres
Published: April 2017

Adam Smith afirmaba que el egoísmo individual es el que lleva a generar riqueza y al crecimiento económico de las naciones. Con un capitalismo naciente a raíz de la colonización de las Américas, la formación de una clase empresarial ávida de dinero, que acumula y reinvierte excedentes, da paso a la industrialización y riqueza de los pueblos. Pero ésta no es equitativa sino es producto de lo que Karl Marx llamaría “explotación del hombre por el hombre”. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la evolución del sistema capitalista, el rol del Estado y su nivel de intervención para mejorar las condiciones de vida de su población, comparando indicadores de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. El presente estudio es un trabajo documental que consideró datos macroeconómicos, junto con la opinión de expertos en el tema. Los resultados mostraron que contrariamente, en los últimos años, los países con menor intervención estatal tuvieron un mejor comportamiento en su economía. Se concluye que el capitalismo actual considera el aspecto social, motiva a innovar, a emprender, a buscar nuevas fuentes de ingreso, coligiéndose que un Estado protector no es sinónimo de bienestar en la población, pues necesita de iniciativas privadas con compromiso social que generen empleo. Países con menor intervencionismo han logrado tener mejores resultados económicos con los consecuentes beneficios para su población.
Estructura, estrategias y poder de mercado de genoma lab
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G , Muratalla Bautista Gabriela
Published: April 2017

En el presente trabajo de investigación se abordó el tema de la estructura, estrategias y poder del mercado de Genomma Lab, para lo que se realizó un estudio descriptivo y explicativo donde se describen los conceptos relacionados con los elementos antes mencionados y se exploran los índices de Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH) y Pascual. La metodología que se utilizó es la aplicación de los índices los cuales son una medida del nivel de concentración existente en una industria. El índice IHH es la suma del cuadrado de las cuotas de mercado de las distintas empresas que operan en una industria y se ha aplicado para delimitar a la industria farmacéutica mexicana en una estructura de mercado. En los resultados principales se identificó que Genomma es una empresa diversificada, que toma lo mejor de cada empresa y lo potencializa. Por esta razón encaja en la mayoría de los modelos, ya que se ve obligada a actuar como monopolio. En un estudio llevado a cabo en el año 2012 esta empresa obtuvo en el índice de IHH 0.01690 y en el índice Pascual 0.00127, ubicándola dentro del liderazgo representativo del sector empresarial, seguida de Bayer con 0.0086 y 0.00033 respectivamente. Por su parte, el índice de inestabilidad se ubicó en 0.0235, lo que significa que la participación de mercado ha cambiado muy poco. Los tres índices aplicados demuestran que el mercado es bastante competitivo, sin importar el número de empresas.
Capacidades organizacionales generadoras de valor: análisis del sector industrial
Authors: Ponce-Espinosa Glenda Edith , Espinoza Torres Diana Lucía , Rios Zaruma Julio Alberto , Tapia Carreño Karla Gabriela
Published: April 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es determinar las capacidades organizacionales que han sido desarrolladas por las empresas del sector industrial de la ciudad de Loja, a partir del modelo de las 7s de Mckinsey propuesto por Tom Peters y Robert Waterman. Se aplicó el cuestionario como instrumento para la recolección de datos a la población objeto del estudio que son las empresas que pertenecen a la Cámara de Industrias de Loja, los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con la variación de la rentabilidad y el impuesto a la renta causado en el periodo 2013-2014. El estudio permitió determinar que las empresas presentaron variabilidad positiva durante el periodo mencionado, aplicaron un estilo de liderazgo autocrático, flujo de información descendente, estructura organizacional definida así como misión y visión. El tipo de innovación más común fue en productos y no aplicaron instrumentos que permitan determinar el clima laboral. Por otro lado, las empresas que no presentaron variabilidad positiva se caracterizaron por un estilo de liderazgo liberal y democrático, flujo de información multidireccional e innovación reactiva.
Pierce BCA Protein Assay Protocol v1
Authors: P. O’Callaghan James , Ph.D not provided
Published: April 2017

This is the protocolto be used in the determination of total protein in braintissue by the Pierce BCA method. BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) is used as the standard and samples are prepared by sonification in 1% (w/v) SDS.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Levels in Drinking-and Well- Water Samples Using ICP-MS Method
Authors: MEHDIZADEHTAPEH LEILA , TEKİNER İSMAİL HAKKI , OZPINAR HAYDAR
Published: April 2017

Heavy metals have potentially detrimental impacts on the whole body or on certain organs. They may induce various sorts of severe disorders, including neuro-, nephro-, carcino-, terato-, and immunological. Humans are exposed to them by breathing, eating, and drinking. Especially, the water sources from which drinking water is derived can represent a route of transmission of heavy metals to the humans. Therefore, waterborne heavy metals even at trace level have become a concern all across the world, including Turkey. The objective of this study was to investigate the elemental concentrations of nine major heavy metals (B, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, Hg and Pb) in 125 water samples (25 samples of each of plastic-bottled, glass-bottled, natural mineral, tap and well water) from Istanbul, Turkey using ICP-MS method. Sample preparation and analytical procedure were conducted according to the methods of EPA-3005A and EPA-6020A. Descriptive statistics and associations between the elemental levels in the sampling groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA using SPSS-19 statistical package programme (P-value<0.05). Our study demonstrated that analyses showed a large range in concentration for most of the elements. Overall, 91.2% of all the waters analyzed fell within the Guideline values recommended by the Ministry of Health in Turkey. However, 8.8% of the samples (7 natural mineral water, 2 tap water, 2 bottled-water and 1 well water) for B, and 0.8% of the samples (1 well water) for Ni were above the safe limits. Based on the order of elemental concentrations, plastic-bottled waters had B > Cu > As > Ni > Pb > Cr > Sb > Cd,  glass-bottled waters had B > As > Cu > Ni > Cr > Sb > Pb > Cd, natural mineral waters had B > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Sb > Hg > Pb > Cd, tap waters had B > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Pb > Sb > Hg > Cd, and well waters had B > Cu > Ni > As > Cr > Pb > Hg > Sb > Cd. Statistically, there was a positive and significant correlation existing between Ni, Cd, Sb and Pb in the waters, which indicated towards their common source of origin. In conclusion, our study indicated that there was low-to-moderate heavy metal contamination in all the drinking- and well- water samples. There is no a severe health risk for the consumers living in Istanbul because Turkey does not have no other population large enough like Istanbul in which to study high exposures of heavy metals through the waters for human consumption and use.
Futebol, família, nação e memória: O Segundo Tempo, de Michel Laub
Authors: Auad Pedro Henrique Trindade Kalil
Published: April 2017

Este artigo é um estudo da obra O segundo tempo, de Michel Laub. A partir de considerações de Marcelino Rodrigues da Silva, o estudo se centra em três esferas que constantemente aparecem em obras que têm o futebol como tema: o futebol, a família e a nação. Além desses, como é própria das obras de Laub, soma-se a problematização da memória e do trauma. A partir disso, considera-se pensar no futebol como uma espécie de próximos, conceito de Paul Ricoeur.
A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reaction reported in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saxena Kirti , Tailor Chaitali , Mehta Chaitali , Gajera Paresh , Srivastava S. K.
Published: April 2017

Background: The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported to pharmacovigilance centre in tertiary care hospital was analysed to find out the incidence and causality.Methods: This was a retrospective study to analyse the ADR reported at pharmacovigilance centre after ethical clearance from Institutional Ethic Committee (IEC). ADR data were analysed and ADRs were categorized as department-wise, system affected and causative drug. The causality of each ADR was assessed by WHO-UMC scale.Results: The majority of patients who had suffered from ADRs were between 19-64 years of age (94.2%) and male patients (58.6%) were affected more than female (41.4%). Pulmonary medicine department has reported highest number of ADR followed by dermatology department. Skin (46.5%) was most affected system followed by gastrointestinal (30.45%), CNS (21.26%), respiratory (9.0%) and remaining systems. Rifampicin (13.79%) shows the largest numbers of ADR followed by zidovudine (13.21%), nevirapine (12.64%) and diclofenac sodium (8.0%). The maximum ADRs reported were probable (94.8%) followed by possible (5.2%).Conclusions: In conclusion, the skin was most affected system followed by gastrointestinal, central nervous and respiratory system. Rifampicin has caused maximum ADRs followed by zidovudine, nevirapine and diclofenac sodium. The causality analyses showed that majority of ADRs were probable (94.8%) while remaining falls in possible (5.2%) category.
Analysis of adverse drug reactions of antimicrobial agents reported to ADR monitoring centre of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Nagaiah Bhaskar H. , Patil Shivaraj Basavaraj , Vahila Nallavelly , Venkata Rao Y. , Raikar Shrinivas R. , Sajid Mohd
Published: April 2017

Background: ADRs are iatrogenic diseases, escalates the burden of health care system by increasing the morbidity and mortality and also additional cost of ADRs management to patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The yellow forms dropped in the red ADR boxes are collected and ADRs due to antimicrobials were analyzed for demographic data, causality, severity, drugs implicated, and organ system affected. The data were presented as counts and percentages.Results: Cephalosporins were the most common antimicrobial class implicated in ADRs, and the dermatological system was the most common system affected by ADRs. All the reactions either belonged to the probable or possible category. Majority of reactions were non-serious.Conclusions: Regular prescription auditing and awareness about polypharmacy will further reduce ADRs due to antimicrobials.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pus culture in a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Kumar Akhilesh , Keshri Umashanker Prasad , Gari Manju , Mahato Sumit Kumar , Protim Pholgu
Published: April 2017

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is developing day by day leading to increase not only in health care cost but also severity and death rate from certain infection that could have been avoided by rational use of existing and new antimicrobial agents. Present study is undertaken for this purpose to analyse the types of pathogens involved and their antibiotic sensitivity isolated from pus culture reports in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Observational study was conducted using pus culture and sensitivity reports collected retrospectively from the records maintained in the Department of Microbiology over a period of 5 months from August 2016 to December 2016 in tertiary care hospital.Results: 85 percent pus samples were found culture positive of which microorganism isolated in decreasing order were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsella and E. coli. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to fixed drug combination of piperacillin with tazobactam, linezolid, ceftriaxone with sulbactum, levofloxacillin and ciprofloxacin and resistance to cefotaxime, cloxacillin and ampicillin. Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to fixed drug combination of cefoperazone with sulbactum, piperacillin with tazobactum, ceftriaxone with sulbactum and resistance to cloxacillin and cefotaxime. Klebsiella showed high sensitivity to piperacillin with tazobactum, cefoperazone with sulbactum, ceftriaxone with sulbactum and was found resistant with norfloxacin and amoxycillin. E. coli showed high sensitivity in decreasing order with amikacin and gentamycin and resistance in increasing order with cefotaxime, cloxacillin, ampicillin and norfloxacin.Conclusions: The sensitivity patterns were different for each isolated microorganism but high sensitivity was found with fixed antimicrobial drug combination and resistance to frequently used drugs.
In-vitro sperm immobilization activity and biocompatibility study of NVD terpolymer
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Yadav Ruchi , Thakur Mayank
Published: April 2017

Background: Boronate derivatives have been used in affinity chromatography for separation of cells based on their glycoprotein content. Boronate containing polymers when used intravaginally before sexual intercourse could bind to the glycoproteins present on sperm cell surface and render them immobile, which potentially may work as female-controlled contraceptive. To study this hypothesis NVD terpolymer which contains boronic acid was studied on goat sperm and its biocompatibility was accessed on NIH3T3 fibroblast.Methods: Sperm motility study was carried out on goat sperm cells. The study was divided into two groups, test group (NVD terpolymer in simulated vaginal fluid) and negative control (simulated vaginal fluid only) performed using Sander-crammer assay. In the test group, the study was started from 0.1 % of the polymer solution, until the half of the sperms became non-motile as compared to normal control. The biocompatibility study was performed by culturing the NIH3T3 fibroblast with different concentrations of NVD polymer, followed by cell viability assay by performing 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 6, 12 and 24 hour spectrophotometrically.Results: Sander-crammer assay resulted in significant (P-value < 0.05) decrease in motile sperm count in test group when compared to control. At 7.5 % concentration, the half of the sperms rendered immobile, and this was termed as effective concentration 50 (EC50). In-vitro biocompatibility study using NIH3T3 fibroblasts culture and MTT assay with cultured cells at 6, 12 and 24 hour, revealed that the polymer is biologically compatible as there were no significant change (P-value < 0.05) in the absorbance.Conclusions: Boronate containing polymer, such as NVD terpolymer has in-vitro sperm immobilizing activity in goat sperm model, with further research in this area could yield a potential female control contraceptive agent.
Thiopentone versus propofol-anaesthetic of choice in patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Peter Vigil , Mathew Sumesh , Thomas Tom
Published: April 2017

Background: The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment modality has increased over the recent years. This is largely due to the use of general anaesthetics, which reduces the physical and psychological trauma associated with the procedure. We attempted to compare the hemodynamic variations and recovery characteristics, along with their effect on seizure quality in patients induced with Thiopentone /Propofol, for Modified ECT.Methods: This was a prospective, randomised controlled study, involving 80 patients. Patients in group 1 received Thiopentone 5 mg/kg, while patients in group 2 received Propofol 1 mg/kg. The hemodynamic status and recovery status were monitored in both the groups for the first thirty minutes. Seizural duration were also recorded. Data was analysed using Students t-test and Pearson Chi-square test.Results: The induction time as well as recovery time was found to be significantly lesser (p <0.05) in the propofol group. The hemodynamic response to was blunted and returned to baseline levels within 10-15 minutes after ECT in the propofol group, whereas it persisted even after 30 minutes in the thiopentone group. There was however, no significant difference in the duration of the seizural activity(p> 0.05).Conclusions: The quick and smooth induction, transient changes in hemodynamics, rapid recovery profile and minimal effects on the seizure quality altogether makes Propofol the preferred anaesthetic agent in Modified ECT.
A cross sectional study evaluating the association of serum calcium, serum magnesium, and body mass index in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Kalita Neelakkhi , Choudhury Biju Dutta
Published: April 2017

Background: To determine serum calcium, serum magnesium, and BMI (body mass index) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and find out any changes in these after menopause, and  the independent association of serum calcium, serum magnesium with BMI in pre and post-menopausal women , if any.Methods: 100 adult women attending Gauhati medical college outdoor clinics were included in the study. Patients with medical history of major systemic diseases, women on hormone replacement therapy, and women who had surgical menopause were not included in the study. Estimation of serum calcium and serum magnesium from cubital venous blood was done by photocolorimetry method. For statistical analysis the value of laboratory parameters were presented as the Mean±SD (standard deviation). A Student’s unpaired t-test was used for cross-sectional comparisons of continuous variables between the groups.Results: The mean serum calcium and also the mean serum magnesium levels were lower in the postmenopausal group and was statistically significant. Though the mean BMI in the postmenopausal group was higher than the premenopausal group, it was found to be statistically not significant.Conclusions: The postmenopausal subjects had lower mean values of serum calcium and serum magnesium, but within the normal serum reference values.
Onychomycosis: dermatophytes to yeasts: an experience in and around Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Suryawanshi Rupali S. , Wanjare Shashir W. , Koticha Avani H. , Mehta Preeti R.
Published: April 2017

Background: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection having wide range of prevalence in different geographical regions. It becomes imperative to know prevalent causative agent in local area to improve quality of life of patients. Present study was aimed to study epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of onychomycosisMethods: Study was carried out prospectively at a tertiary care teaching hospital Nail scrapings of 630 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis over a period of 5 years (January 2012 to December 2016) were subjected to KOH examination and culture.Results: Young adults in age group of 21-40 years (67.61%) were predominantly affected with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Overall prevalence of onychomycosis of the present study is 58.41%. Yeasts were isolated in 47.86%, dermatophytes in 30.71% and non dermatophytic filamentous fungi in 21.43%Conclusions: Present study demonstrates a shift in causative agents from dermatophytes to yeasts.
Clinico-radiological profile of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients-a study from rural central India
Authors: Wafai Nisar A. , Yadav Sudhir K. , Singh Prem S. , Kumar Manoj , Singh Prafulla K. , Sharma Himanshu , Pious Tony , Gautam Rajesh K.
Published: April 2017

Background: One of the major challenge of present era is dual epidemic of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. With immunosuppression, risk of opportunistic diseases increases in these patients and tuberculosis is most common opportunistic infection. The prevalence of abdominal tuberculosis seems to be rising, particularly due to increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis can often be difficult and it remains underdiagnosed, in view of its nonspecific manifestations. The investigations involved in its diagnosis are expensive and time consuming, however, ultrasonography (USG) is an affordable, non-invasive and widely available modality which can be of help in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate clinical and USG finding among Abdominal Tuberculosis patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods: After informed consent, patients underwent thorough history taking and clinical examination followed by high quality USG abdomen and other biochemical and haematological tests including CD4 count. Follow up USG abdomen was done at time of completion of course of ATT and data was analysed.Results: 45 were found to have abdominal tuberculosis. Of these patients, 31(68.9%) were male and 14 (31.1%) were female. Mean age of HIV-abdominal TB was 34.27±9.66 years. most common symptoms were weight loss 41(91.1%), loss of appetite 38(84.4%), fever       32(71.1%), generalized weakness 30(66.7%) and abdominal pain 27(60.0%). On USG abdomen, intraabdominal lymphadenopathy was most common finding found in 44(97.8%). Average size of enlarged lymph node was 3.1+-1.0 cm. Mesenteric lymphnodes were enlarge in 40(88.89%), paraaortic 8(17.78%), retroperitoneal 4(8.89%) while peripancreatic and porta hepatic in 3(6.67%). splenomegaly was noted in 14(31.1%) cases. Hepatomegaly was found in 6 cases, who all were male. Ascites was evident in 5(11.1%) patients. Extensive involvement, defined as involvement of two or more intraabdominal sites, was found 24(53.3%) cases. There was no statistically significant difference found among these USG findings and CD4 count.Conclusions: The findings of lymphadenopathy (size>15mm) and hypoechoic/necrotic echotexture, hepatosplenomegaly with hypoechoic lesions in ultrasonography are suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV infected patients with unexplained nonspecific symptoms and low CD4 count.  However, above findings are not standardized and inability to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis by direct microscopy and culture is the limitation of this study. Ultrasonography is an affordable, widely available, non-invasive imaging modality which may be optimally utilized for the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV infected patients, especially in the rural setup where microbiological and other sophisticated radiological investigations have limited availability.
Development of problem based learning training module in nursing education
Authors: P. Sathya , Reddemma K.
Published: April 2017

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative way of delivering instruction in which problems are used as the basis of learning. PBL method of teaching enhances the skill of Nursing students and there by improves delivery of patient care. It is a responsibility of Nurse Educators to prepare the Nursing students to face the world of reality. The study, aimed to develop and train the post graduate Nursing faculty on PBL method of teaching.Methods: In Phase I Training module in Problem Based Learning was developed through extensive review of literature, experts’ guidance and from the clinical records. In Phase II using pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design two days training on PBL was implemented.Results: PBL training module was developed and validated in the phase I of the study. Content validity index (CVI) was found to be above 0.88 in all the aspects of the module. PBL workshop conducted was found to be effective in terms of improvement in the mean post-test knowledge score (13.33±1.69) compared to the mean pre-test knowledge score (9.33±4.10) though it was not statistically significant. All three-faculty had satisfactory mean score of above 3 in all the areas.Conclusions: Faculty expressed their satisfaction and gave positive feedback on the effectiveness of PBL module in terms of its content, course delivery and the practical session.