bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ortopedia prequirúrgica en paciente de un año de vida con labio y paladar hendido no sindrómico sin queiloplastia previa: reporte de caso.
Authors: Rodriguez Mena Katia Denisse , López Nuñez Bejamín , Mondragón Baéz Tatiana D.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Cleft lip/palate (CLP) occurs due to failure of fusion of facial processes at an early stage of embryonic development. The use of pre-surgical orthopedics helps us to correct the bone collapse that patients with CLP may present, as well as stimulate the growth of the palatal segments, with use beginning in the first hours of life. Due to the pandemic caused by COVID, many patients did not receive care, generating a need for treatment focused on their characteristics. Aim. Generate transversal development in a 1-year-old male patient and rotate the left maxillary segment to conform the arch, and thus, favor the prognosis of surgery for the patient with cleft lip and palate without cheiloplasty at one year of life. Description of the case. Male patient with cleft lip and palate without cheiloplasty at one year of age presents to cleft lip and palate clinic YOU HAVE TO SMILE, JOIN EFFORTS. He refers to having been treated with pre-surgical orthopedics. Clinically, a cleft lip and palate is observed, in addition to the collapsed left maxillary segment, generating a lack of continuity and arch perimeter. The treatment phase consisted of a removable plate joined in its central part by three helixes, to rotate the left maxillary segment. Results. An adequate maxillary development was generated and the arch was shaped. conclusions. It is important to highlight the characteristics of each case in order to generate a treatment plan suitable for the needs of the patient, since this improves the prognosis and post-surgery.
Penerapan Disiplin Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintah Kecamatan (Studi di Kantor Kecamatan Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang)
Authors: Suandi Suandi , Fatimah Siti , Indarsih Indarsih , Hendrarto Hendrarto , Alam Kamsir
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan disiplin kerja terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang serta untuk mengetahui kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang ditetapkan informan penelitian yaitu Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang, Sekretaris, dan 1 orang pegawai Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang yang ditarik secara analisis kualitatif dengan maksud menggambarkan permasalahan yang diteliti, data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan mengedarkan kuesioner. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang dengan pertimbangan ingin mengetahui penerapan disiplin kerja dalammeningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan disiplin kerja terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang telah berlangsung dengan baik. Berdasarkan pembahasan dari penerapan disiplin dan kinerja pegawai yang telah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya, dapat ditarik kesimpulan yang berkembang dari masalah penelitian yaitu : Tingkat kedisiplinan pagawai dan Kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang. Adapun saran-saran yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah terus meningkatkan kedisiplinan pegawai Kantor Camat Ilir Timur Satu Kota Palembang dapat dikategorikan sangat disiplin dan lebih optimal untuk menciptakan kinerja yang sehat sehingga diharapkan tercapainya efisiensi, efektivitas dan produktivitas yang tinggi.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin (Studi tentang Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) Mitigasi Risiko Pangan di Kota Palembang)
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Yoga Jusri , Mustain Ahmad , Jumroh Jumroh
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis faktor penyebab belum efektifnya implementasi kebijakan pemberdayaaan masyarakat miskin, melalui proses implementasi Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) Mitigasi Risiko Pangan di Kota Palembang Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode  kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa,belum efektifnya implementasi  kebijakan  pemberdayaan  masyarakat  miskin. Hal ini disebabkan, belum efektifnya 3 (tiga) faktor lingkungan implementasi,  yaitu : 1)Aktor dan arena, dimana aspek utama penyebabnya, rendahnya partisipasi politikmasyarakat miskin. Disamping, keterbatasan kemampuan masyarakat miskin dalam mengelola potensi sumber daya yang tersedia dalam meningkatkan  pendapatan masyarakat miskin. 2)Struktur-struktur organisasi dan norma-norma birokrasi, dimana aspek utama penyebabnya, secara struktur kelembagaan tidak dikaitkan dengan kelembagaan masyarakat yang ada secara terkoordinasi dan terintegrasi. Disamping itu, komposisi anggaran dengan alokasi dari sumber APBN dan APBD  menimbulkan ketidak sinkronisasian dalam penggunaan dana dalam Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) Mitigasi Risiko Pangan, 3)Jaringan-jaringan komunikasi dan mekanisme-mekanisme penyesuaian, dimana aspek utama penyebabnya, belum efektifnya komunikasi dan hubungan antara aktor dengan elit, stokeholders dan opinion leader. kurangnya frekwensi pertemuan dan penyampaian pesan pembangunan kepada masyarakat, belum sesuai dengan aspirasi, karakteristik dan budaya masyarakat daerah/lokal.
Mekanisme Akuntabilitas Pelayanan Publik
Authors: Mareta Frisda Cahya , Fakih Firdaus
Published: March 2024

Akuntabilitas adalah istilah yang berasal dari bahasa inggris yaitu accountability, yang berarti pertanggung jawaban atau keadaan yang di mintakan pertanggung jawaban. empat dimensi akuntabilitas publik yang harus di penuhi oleh organisasi sektor public 1) Akuntabilitas kejujuran dan hukum, 2) Akuntabilitas proses, 3) Akuntabilitas program, 4) Akuntabilitas kebijakan eberapa metode untuk menegakkan akuntabilitas antara lain yaitu, control legislative yaitu dimana legislative melakukan pengawasan terhadap jalannya pemerintahan melalui diskusi dan sejumlah komisi didalamnya, jika komisi tersebut dapat berfungsi secara efektif maka dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembuatan keputusan dan mengawasi penyalahgunaan kekuasaan pemerintah melalui investigasi dan menegakkan kinerja. Kesimpulan pada artikel ini adalah 1) Untuk mewujudkan akuntabilitas dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik maka harus didukung tersedianya secara memadai beberapa aspek seperti sumber daya aparatur/pegawai yang memadai baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas, 2) Akuntabilitas merupkan kewajiban pihak pemegang amanah untuk memberikan pertanggung jawaban, menyajiakan, melaporkan, dan mengungkapkan segala aktifitas dan kegiatan yang menjadi pertanggung jawaban, kepada pihak pemberi amanah, (principal) yang memiliki hak dan kewenangan untuk meminta pertanggung jawaban tersebut
Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 4 TAHUN 2010 Tentang Pelayanan Administrasi Terpadu Kecamatan (PATEN) (Studi di Kantor Kecamatan Tanjung Raja Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)
Authors: Yuslainiwati Yuslainiwati , Mawardi Edy , David David , Arman Dedi , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 4 Tahun 2010 tentang pedoman PATEN terhadap pelaksanaan PATEN di Kecamatan Tanjung Raja. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Aspek atau fokus penelitian ini adalah implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 4 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pedoman PATEN di Kecamatan Tanjung Raja. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis data kualitatif dari sumber primer dan sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 4 Tahun 2010 tentang pedoman PATEN di Kecamatan Tanjung Raja, telah memenuhi empat variabel pengukuran efektivitas implementasi suatu kebijakan publik menurut Teori George C. Edward III tersebut. Keempat variabel dimaksud antara lain komunikasi, sumberdaya, disposisi atau sikap kecenderungan, dan struktur birokrasi.
Literature Review of the Use of Deep Learning Methods in Identification of Heart Defects Based on ECG
Authors: Darwan
Published: March 2024

In recent years the of Deep Learning has been widely used in various fields of science. In the field of health many studies use deep learning, especially related to heart disorders. Identification and detection of heart defects that are widely used are by using an electrocardiogram (ECG). This article aims to explain the trend of ECG research using deep learning approaches in recent years. We reviewed journals with the keyword title "ECG Deep Learning" and published from 2016 to October 2023. The articles that have been obtained are then classified based on the most frequently discussed topics including: data sets, pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification/identification methods. Research related to ECG and the application of deep learning methods is very interesting for researchers, because researchers trace that there are still few studies that focus on researching related to it. This article will provide further explanation of the most widely used algorithms for ECG research with a deep learning approach. In this article, critical aspects of ECG research can be carried out in the future, namely the use of data in the form of other data from ECG, and the use of deep learning is a very big opportunity for researchers.
Construction Knitting
Authors: Gabriel Nikki
Published: March 2024

Become the co-designer of your own knitwear, with Construction Knitting.

Using a combination of flat and drape patternmaking, Nikki Gabriel’s easy-to-follow technique takes an accumulative approach to garment making, assembling knitwear from individually crafted geometric shapes. Readers are guided through each stage: from creating and assembling the shapes to adapting your garments to fit your unique style. Section one covers knitting techniques for fabric structure and composition, along with yarn specifications, while section two delves into the methodology behind construction knitting.

With photographic and illustrated demonstrations, easy-to-follow step-by-step instructions, and clear hand-knitting methods, Construction Knitting is well-suited to students, designers and amateur knitters alike.
Show Trials
Authors: Hodos George H.
Published: March 2024

Show Trials combines first-hand knowledge with hitherto unpublished, confidential material, to offer a penetrating and candid account of the Stalinist purges that occurred in Albanian, East German, Bulgarian, and Rumanian purges, as well as in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. George Hodos shows how these trials played a pivotal role in consolidating Soviet domination over the satellite countries during Stalin's lifetime. As an important addition to our understanding of these events and times, Show Trials is essential for historians of Eastern Europe and absorbing reading for anyone interested in world affairs.
Cultural Diversity in the United States
Authors: Naylor Larry
Published: March 2024

This collection of readings provides the reader with a basic introduction to the topic and concepts of cultural diversity as it has come to characterize the culture of the United States. Particular attention is given to the practice of racial, ethnic, and special interest group characterizations. No other book is as complete in its coverage of the diverse cultural groupings that make up the American culture. This unique work serves as a first step in beginning the quest for greater understanding and appreciation of diversity.
La Comunidad Latina in the United States
Authors: Abalos David T.
Published: March 2024

La comunidad Latina, the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, has long been told that assimilation is the only way to succeed in American society. This book challenges that generally accepted view and concludes instead that transformation as a way of life is the only viable option for the Latino community as a whole, regardless of racial, class, regional, or religious differences. It highlights how in the everyday life of la comunidad Latina the members of the community can recognize the underlying ways of life, the stories, and the patterns of relationships that cripple them, and how to break with these ways of life, stories, and relationships to create fundamentally more loving and compassionate alternatives.

Along with all men and women, Latinos and Latinas face four choices: retaining a blind loyalty to a romanticized past, assimilating, violating each other, or transforming their ethnic and racial group for the better. This examination of the underlying sacred meaning of the stories of the Latino culture attempts to determine whether these stories are destructive or creative. Now coming of age, la comunidad Latina, previously wounded by assimilation, continues to tell its story in art, literature, history, and religion so that the world may, perhaps for the first time, see its personal, political, historical, and sacred faces. The most important story now being lived is that of Latina women and Latino men who are making choices that will determine the ultimate meaning of a new Latino culture in this nation.
Ecology and the World-System
Authors: Goldfrank Walter L. , Goodman David , Szasz Andrew
Published: March 2024

Integrating environmental and world-systems analyses in chapters ranging from the ancient to the contemporary, from the global to the local, from West to East, and from North to South, this book is the first collection to analyze environmental issues from the world-systems perspective. The introduction provides Immanuel Wallerstein's fullest explication of the role of ecological constraints in the world-system. Early chapters diagnose the increasing environmental threats to global sustainability and suggest ways to arrive at an integrated theoretical understanding of those threats. The work then shows the historical and geographical range necessary to do justice to ecological considerations in chapters considering ancient civilizations, capitalism, the circumpolar North, the dam-builders of Asia, and the polluters of East Central Europe. The final chapters analyze the successes and limits of environmental movements in the United States, South Africa, and South Korea.
Growth and Variability in State Tax Revenue
Authors: Holcombe Randall G. , Sobel Russell S.
Published: March 2024

During recessions state government fiscal crises are widespread, as states find their revenues inadequate to meet their expenditure demands. This volume shows that state fiscal crises have only one significant cause: revenue downturns associated with recessions. Other analysts have argued that fiscal crises are the result of an interaction of many complex causes, including inadequate tax bases, increasing expenditure demands, and limits placed on state governments by voters. This analysis examines these other factors and shows that while they present significant challenges to state policymakers, they are not the cause of fiscal crises.

The book presents an improved methodology for measuring cyclical variability of revenues and uses this methodology to show that there is no way to restructure state tax systems in order to appreciably reduce the fiscal stress associated with recessions. Fiscal stress can be lessened by setting aside revenues during prosperous years in a rainy day fund, but current rainy day funds are not large enough to eliminate the fiscal stress caused by recessions.
Moral Development Theories -- Secular and Religious
Authors: Thomas R. Murray
Published: March 2024

Moral Development TheoriesâSecular and Religious introduces readers to 13 secular models and 13d religious theories in a wide-ranging comparative study of the roots of moral development. The secular models include attribution theory, cognitive-structural views, social-learning and social-cognition approaches, Freud's psychoanalysis (plus Erikson and Fromm), Marxist beliefs, a composite theory, Hoffman's conception of empathy, Anderson's information-integration view, Gilligan's gender distinction, Sutherland and Cressey's explanation of delinquency, and Lovinger on ego development. Religious theories represent the Judaic-Christian-Islamic line, Hinduism and derivatives (Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism), Confucianism, Shinto, and four minor theories drawn from the belief systems of the Navajo, Zulus, Vodou adherents, and Okinawans.

The description of each theory is designed to answer a common set of questions introduced in Chapter 1. The closing section of each chapter evaluates that chapter's theories in terms of a series of assessment standards described in Chapter 2. The book's final chapter inspects all of the theories from the viewpoint of five desires that people often hold in relation to their conceptions of moral development. The desires are: (a) for immanent justice; (b) to understand the causes of the consequences that result from people's behavior in moral situations; (c) to become immortal; (d) to enjoy a happy life, and (e) to understand the moral-development process in order to help others who need moral guidance.
Effectiveness of Träbert current in a physiotherapy program for the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de la Barra Ortiz Hernán Andrés , Carvajal Muñoz Sebastián , Arancibia Lagos Esteban , Donoso Guajardo Katalina , Jiménez Villa Valantina
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Träbert current (TC) is a physical therapy resource described for the management of musculoskeletal pain (MSP). It combines the effects of galvanism and sensory stimulation, offering various analgesic applications, although it seems that the studies that support its effectiveness are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TC in a physical therapy plan for the management of MSP.

Methods

Electronic databases reviewed included Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and PEDro (last updated January 12, 2024). Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing TC with other physical therapy interventions were included. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed qualitatively, while five contributed to the meta-analysis. The clinical conditions treated included knee osteoarthritis, low back pain (LBP), and epicondylalgia. The risk of bias and internal validity was evaluated using the Rob2 tool (Cochrane) and the PEDro scale.

Results

RCTs were rated as having favourable internal validity (PEDro), despite a lack of concealed allocation and blinding, resulting in an unclear risk of bias on D2 and D5 (Rob2). The studies reported a decrease in pain and disability for the experimental groups (p < 0.05), although the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant pooled effect for the standardised mean difference (SMD = 0.2–0.5, p > 0.05) in favour of the controls and with heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 50–75%).

Conclusions

TC seems to be effective for the management of MSP, although it is necessary to improve the quality of the clinical trials to conduct a conclusive quantitative analysis.
Key words: systematic review, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, electrical stimulation therapy, Träbert current, musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal diseases
Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus low level laser therapy on shoulder adhesive capsulitis post-neck dissection surgery
Authors: Mohammed Shams Naiera Sabry , Sherif Ragab Ali , Saafan Karim Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Neck dissection (ND) operations are performed to treat known metastatic neck illness. These operations have been associated with chronic neck and shoulder problems. In patients who have had a ND, adhesive capsulitis (AC) is one of the causes of shoulder dysfunction.

Methods

Forty patients with AC following modified radical neck dissection (MRND) surgeries were chosen at random and divided into two groups of equal size. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) group (group A) received LLLT with: wavelength – 830 nm, output – 50 mw, maximum frequency – 5000 Hz, pulse duration – 50 ns, and average dose – 9 J/cm2 for 20 min, plus traditional physical therapy (mobilisation technique, myofascial release, range of motion (ROM), and strengthening exercises) for 30 min. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) group (group B) received PNF for 25–30 min in addition to traditional physical therapy. The treatment period was 3 times each week and lasted for eight weeks. The discomfort in the shoulder was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Shoulder impairment and pain were assessed by the SPADI scale and the shoulder ranges of motion were assessed using the universal goniometer technique. All measures were taken before and after the intervention.

Results

The findings reveal that there was a significant enhancement in all variables in both groups A and B after therapy compared to before the treatment (p < 0.001). After therapy, there were no obvious changes in the VAS and SPADI values among the groups (p > 0.05). However, statistical analysis showed significant improvement in the PNF group (group B) in shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation in comparison to that of the LLLT group (group A) after treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

PNF proved to be more effective than LLLT in increasing ROM but was as effective as LLLT in decreasing shoulder pain and dysfunction in AC post ND surgery.
Investigation of the Specific Activity of Al-0.1%Au Wire for Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis for Nirr-1 After Conversion from Heu to Leu
Authors: Alhassan U. , Joseph E. , Abubakar I.
Published: March 2024

The significance that Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (ENAA) play in the field of science research, technology and innovations and how humans interact with elemental components in food chain and environment, has led to the development of ENAA protocol in research reactors. Epithermal neutrons, which have energy between 0.5 eV and 0.5 MeV, are increasingly needed by reactor clients. In this study, we have examined the activity of the flux monitor in the irradiation site of the inner channel (A1) of Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) after its conversion to low enriched uranium fuel. The flux monitor (Al-0.1%Au thin wires) was washed with acetone, dried for 2 minutes, weighed to be 0.0122 g, and was thereafter placed in a 15.0 mm internal diameter polyethylene vials that has 1 mm wall thickness for irradiation. The activity of flux monitor Al-0.1%Au wire of 0.0122 g was calculated to be 5 x 108 count/s.g using A1 inner channels of the Cd line. This value obtained in this our studies found to be consistent with previous result and has shown that the epithermal channel A1 of the NIRR-1 remain suitable for ENAA after the reactor’s fuel conversion from HEU to LEU.
Hiệu quả bổ sung sản phẩm dinh dưỡng lên tình trạng dinh dưỡng và thiếu kẽm ở học sinh suy dinh dưỡng thấp còi và có nguy cơ suy dinh dưỡng thấp còi tại một số trường tiểu học huyện Cẩm Thủy, tỉnh Thanh Hóa
Authors: Phương Tuấn Thị Mai , Phượng Đinh Thị Thanh , Tâm Tuấn Thị Minh , Tuệ Hà Huy
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu thử nghiệm cộng đồng có đối chứng tại 6 trường tiểu học huyện Cẩm Thủy, tỉnh Thanh Hóa, nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả bổ sung sản phẩm dinh dưỡng lên tình trạng dinh dưỡng và thiếu kẽm ở trẻ 6 - 10 tuổi suy dinh dưỡng (SDD) thấp còi và có nguy cơ SDD thấp còi. Chọn 400 trẻ từ 6 - 10 tuổi có Z-score chiều cao theo tuổi từ dưới -3SD đến -1SD, chia ngẫu nhiên thành 2 nhóm. Nhóm can thiệp sử dụng 2 gói sản phẩm dinh dưỡng/ngày trong 4 tháng, nhóm đối chứng có chế độ ăn bình thường. Sau 4 tháng, mức gia tăng chỉ số Zscore chiều cao theo tuổi ở trẻ nhóm can thiệp tốt hơn so với nhóm đối chứng (p < 0,05) và tỷ lệ SDD thấp còi giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê so với trước can thiệp (p < 0,05). Sau can thiệp, nồng độ kẽm huyết thanh của nhóm can thiệp là 9,5µmol/L, cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với trước can thiệp và so với nồng độ 9,0µmol/L ở nhóm đối chứng (p < 0,05). Tỷ lệ thiếu kẽm ở nhóm can thiệp giảm xuống còn 55,7%, thấp hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với trước can thiệp và so với tỷ lệ 65,3% ở nhóm đối chứng (p < 0,05). Bổ sung sản phẩm dinh dưỡng tăng cường kẽm và các chất dinh dưỡng hỗ trợ hấp thu kẽm đã góp phần cải thiện tình trạng dinh dưỡng và thiếu kẽm ở trẻ SDD thấp còi và có nguy cơ SDD thấp còi.
Ứng dụng kỹ thuật MLVA trong phân tích dịch tễ học phân tử các chủng vi khuẩn Shigella Flexneri thu thập được từ các vụ dịch tiêu chảy trong giám sát và điều tra dịch tễ học tại miền Bắc Việt Nam từ năm 1995 đến 2016
Authors: Hải Lê Đăng , Hiền Vũ Thị Mai , Hương Lê Thanh , Cường Ngô Tuấn , Hà Vũ Hải , Tú Nguyễn Đồng
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm mô tả kết quả ứng dụng kĩ thuật MLVA trong phân tích 26 chủng Shigella flexneri được thu thập từ các vụ dịch tiêu chảy tại các tỉnh phía Bắc Việt Nam,1995 - 2016. Kết quả xác định có ba kiểu huyết thanh (2a, 2b và 3a) trong đó kiểu huyết thanh 2a chiếm ưu thế. Kết quả phân tích bằng kỹ thuật MLVA xác định S. flexneri là tác nhân chính gây ra dịch tiêu chảy lần lượt xảy ra tại Sơn La, Điện Biên, Yên Bái và Cao Bằng trong các năm 2012, 2014, 2015 và 2016 và mối tương quan giữa mối quan hệ di truyền và kiểu huyết thanh trong các chủng nghiên cứu; tổng số 26 chủng S.flexneri được phân biệt thành 16 kiểu gen MLVA khác nhau, hầu hết các chủng gây dịch thuộc týp huyết thanh 2a chiếm trên 92% và được xếp vào 14 kiểu gen MLVA. Chỉ có một kiểu gen MLVA cho mỗi kiểu huyết thanh 2b và 3a lần lượt được phân lập ở Sơn La và Cao Bằng. Kết quả cũng cho thấy hầu hết các chủng phân lập trong cùng một kiểu huyết thanh đều có mối quan hệ về thời gian và địa lý. Các nhóm phân lập này cũng có nguồn gốc địa lý tương tự. Hơn nữa, nghiên cứu này cho thấy MLVA có thể được sử dụng như một phương pháp hữu ích để xác định kiểu gen của Shigella trong điều tra dịch tễ học.
Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị ở trẻ sơ sinh có mẹ mắc đái tháo đường từ năm 2022 - 2023 tại Trung tâm Nhi Khoa - Bệnh viện Bạch Mai
Authors: Mai Phạm Thị , Nhung Hoàng Thị , Nam Nguyễn Thành , Anh Lê Thị Lan , Ngân Bùi Thị Hoàng
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị ở trẻ sơ sinh có mẹ mắc đái tháo đường tại Trung tâm Nhi khoa - Bệnh viện Bạch Mai. Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả được tiến hành tại Trung tâm Nhi khoa - Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 4/2022 đến tháng 5/2023 trên 64 trẻ sơ sinh có mẹ mắc đái tháo đường cần điều trị insulin. Kết quả của nghiên cứu cho thấy đa số trẻ được sinh ra bằng phương pháp sinh mổ (98,4%) và sinh non cao (73,4%), có suy hô hấp sơ sinh (51,5%). Cân nặng của trẻ lớn hơn so với tuổi thai chiếm tỷ lệ cao (29,7%). Do vậy, quá trình sinh cần có sự phối hợp chặt chẽ giữa khoa sản và khoa Nhi. Trẻ sơ sinh có mẹ mắc đái tháo đường cũng có tỉ lệ cao mắc suy hô hấp (51,5%), hạ đường huyết (25%), mắc các dị tật bẩm sinh (còn ống động mạch 1,6%), những trẻ này nên được theo dõi về hô hấp, huyết động, đường huyết tại các cơ sở Nhi khoa.
Một số đặc điểm dịch tễ của ổ bệnh sốt rét trong bối cảnh tiến tới loại trừ sốt rét tại huyện Krông Pa, tỉnh Gia Lai, năm 2020 - 2023
Authors: Dũng Nguyễn Công Trung , Thảo Vũ Phương , Hào Đàm Văn , Lê Bùi Thị Diệu , Thảo Hồ Thị Thanh , Hoàng Hồ Văn , Sơn Nguyễn Duy
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm mô tả đặc điểm dịch tễ ổ bệnh sốt rét tại huyện Krông Pa, tỉnh Gia Lai từ năm 2020 - 2023. Sử dụng thiết kế cắt ngang tất cả ổ bệnh. Kết quả có tổng số 77 ổ bệnh hoạt động được ghi nhận tại Krông Pa, nhưng ổ bệnh đang có chiều hướng giảm dần, từ 44 ổ bệnh (57,14%) năm 2020 còn 5 ổ bệnh (6,49%) năm 2023. Một số ổ bệnh thay đổi trạng thái liên tục, không ổn định, 7,36% ổ bệnh thay đổi trạng thái về ổ bệnh hoạt động. Ổ bệnh sốt rét tại Krông Pa chủ yếu là trường hợp nội địa và có xu hướng giảm theo từng năm. Trường hợp bệnh sốt rét chủ yếu là P.falciparum (80,51%), người từ 15 tuổi trở lên (75,10%), dân tộc Gia Rai (93,50%), và nơi nghi ngờ mắc là khu vực rừng, rẫy (100%). Chỉ có 19,49% có tiền sử mắc sốt rét và 23,95% phát hiện sàng lọc chủ động, 52,77% được xét nghiệm bằng lam và test chẩn đoán nhanh. Phân tích đặc điểm dịch tễ ổ bệnh sốt rét tại Krông Pa cho thấy được khu vực đích và nhóm đối tượng nguy cơ cao cần được theo dõi, giám sát cũng như thực hiện can thiệp nhằm kiểm soát sốt rét lan truyền tại chỗ, duy trì thành quả các ổ bệnh đã được xử lý, thúc đẩy sớm loại trừ sốt rét tại địa phương này.
Construction of SARS-CoV-2 full - length S gene with point mutations relevant for COVID-19 vaccine strain candidate
Authors: Thuong Nguyen Thi , My Le Tra , Anh Dang Duc , Huong Ngo Thu , Hien Nguyen Dang
Published: March 2024

To overcome the pandemic of COVID-19, prevent the disease or its post-conditions effectively, a vaccine with the updates of viral strains is needed. The full S gene encoding the glycoprotein spike of SARS-CoV-2 was recommended for vaccine production by the World Health Organization. To create a vaccine strain candidate for a COVID-19, we have cloned the full-length S gene of the SARS-CoV 2 containing mutations that improve thermal stability of the protein (HexaPro) and three strain-specific mutations of D614G, L452R and E484Q that are present in rapidly and widely circulating variants. The fragments of the full-length S gene were first amplified from the two commercial plasmids, in which one plasmid contains the HexaPro mutations and the other was used to amplify the 3’ fragment of the gene, these fragments were then assembled. Strain-specific mutations were generated using primers with mutations. The measles (MeV) overlaping sequences and AscI (5’- GCGCGC-3’) restriction sites were also added to the two ends of the S gene. The full length of the cloned S gene with mutations and restriction sites was confirmed by sequencing and is ready to be inserted into the measles backbone for creating a chimeric genome of MeV_SARS CoV-2.
Status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022
Authors: Ha Vu Hai , Tu Nguyen Manh , Van Ngo Thi Thanh , Tung Nham Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi Hong , Nguyen Dao Trung , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Tu Nguyen Dong , Thai Pham Quang
Published: March 2024

A descriptive cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022 was conducted to describe the current status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in Vietnam. The results showed that the proportion of hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination in this period was 83.2%, of which the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours and after 24 hours of birth was 78.9% and 4.3% respectively. For socio-economic regions, the highest proportion of HepB-BD vaccination was 90.9% in the Red River Delta and the lowest was 72.3% in the Central Highlands. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours was less than 70.0% in Central Highlands during 2020 - 2022. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination in Vietnam in the period 2020 - 2022 was high, with uneven changes between years and socio-economic regions. It is necessary to increase the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination, especially within 24 hours after birth.
Current situation of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old in Vietnam during 2017 - 2022
Authors: Ha Vu Hai , Nguyen Dao Trung , Tung Nham Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi Hong , Van Ngo Thi Thanh , Tu Nguyen Manh , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Thai Pham Quang
Published: March 2024

A cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam (2017 - 2022) was conducted to describe the current situation of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old in Vietnam during 2017 - 2022. The study results showed that the proportion of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old during 2017 - 2022 was 93.1%, still not reached the target of ≥ 95%, and decreased to only 90.7% in the 2020 - 2022 period, when Vietnam was under pressure from the COVID-19 pandemic. There were differences in this proportion between regions/areas and between times before or during the COVID-19 epidemic. It is necessary to increase attention and investment in the expanded vaccination activities, providing adequate vaccines, supplies and equipment, as well as improving the quality of human resources in the preventive health system to meet the increasing needs of child health protection, be ready to adapt to other difficulties that may be encountered in the future.
THE DEVELOPING OF BUSY BOOK MEDIA FOR LEARNING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTING STUDY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Helminsyah Helminsyah , Kasmini Lili , Mardhatillah Mardhatillah , Musdiani Musdiani , Marlini Cut , Subhananto Aprian , Fuad Zaki Al
Published: March 2024

Interviews with SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh class teachers revealed that the learning media used in grade I primary schools were less varied, less interesting, and the use of busy book media had never been used for students' speaking skills, with the development of busy book media expected to produce instructional media that were interesting and fun as well as being a solution for various problems in the learning process. Based on this case, the Busy Book media can be said to be valid used in the learning process ss in the first grade of elementary school. This has led researchers to conduct research under the title "Development of Busy Book Learning Media on Speaking Skills of Class I Students in SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. The formulation of the problem in this study y is: how to develop a valid Busy Book learning. media used for learning speaking skills of first grade students of SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh? This study aims to produce a valid busy book learning media used for learning the speaking skills of grade 1 student at SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. This research is included in research and development (R&D). This study adapted the development procedure from Thiagarajan, a 4D (four-D) device development model. Data collection techniques used by researchers are questionnai re questionnaires for media experts, namely from the aspect of content, graphics and depth of the media. Research data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study in the form of validator 1 assessment results get an avera ge value of 3.9 validity and the assessment category is "Valid used". validator 2 assessment results get an average value of 3.6 and the assessment category is "Valid used". and validator 3 obtained an average value of 4.03 and the assessment category was "Valid used. Thus, the Busy Book media can be said to be valid to be used for learning the speaking skills of grade 1 students at SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh.
Modern solutions to improve the quality of medical care for stroke patients
Authors: Ковалёва И.В.
Published: March 2024

Введение. 20 февраля 2024 года в рамках юбилейной XX Междисциплинарной конференции с международным участием «Вейновские чтения» состоялся круглый стол на тему «Современные решения повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с инсультом», в котором приняли участие ведущие эксперты в данной области. В центре внимания были вопросы совершенствования подходов к реабилитации в качестве основной задачи повышения уровня оказания медицинской помощи, а также нормативная база и практические решения, в том числе и международный опыт организации нутритивной поддержки пациентов с инсультом на всех этапах реабилитации. Заключение. Адекватная нутритивная поддержка больных с инсультом приводит к повышению их реабилитационного потенциала, сокращению времени пребывания в стационаре, улучшению качества жизни и показателей физического восстановления.

Background. On February 20, 2024, as part of the anniversary XX Interdisciplinary Conference with international participation "Veinovskie Chtenia", a round table was held on the topic "Modern solutions to improve the quality of medical care for stroke patients". The round table was attended by leading experts in this field. The experts focused on improving approaches to rehabilitation as the main task of improving the level of medical care, as well as the regulatory framework and practical solutions, including international experience in organizing nutritional support for stroke patients at all stages of rehabilitation. Conclusion. It was noted that adequate nutritional support for stroke patients leads to an increase in their rehabilitation potential, a reduction in hospital stay, an improvement in the quality of life and indicators of physical recovery.
ESTADIAMENTO DO MELANOMA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Costa Júlia Carvalho , Souza Thifisson Ribeiro de , Nascimento Guilherme Peixoto , Bráulio Ana Luiza Vieira Campos , Frare Isabela Aiala , Pereira Beatriz Otoni
Published: March 2024

O melanoma origina-se nos melanócitos e é mais comum em adultos brancos, podendo surgir em qualquer parte do corpo. Apesar de ser o tipo de câncer de pele mais grave, devido à alta possibilidade de metástase, representa apenas 4% das neoplasias malignas da pele no Brasil. A detecção precoce é crucial para um melhor prognóstico e possibilidade de recuperação. Estudos enfatizam a importância do tratamento imediato para evitar a metástase, comum em gânglios linfáticos, pulmões e cérebro. Pesquisas também se dedicam a técnicas mais eficazes de supressão da metástase. Portanto, esta revisão narrativa de literatura reuniu artigos das principais bases de dados objetivando descrever em forma de tabela os níveis de Breslow e de Clark, necessários para a compreensão e definição do estadiamento do melanoma. Concluiu-se que é fundamental que os níveis de Breslow e de Clark sejam reconhecidos pela equipe de saúde, uma vez que tal classificação pode trazer uma investigação diagnóstica mais eficiente e menos invasiva, causando menos ansiedade ao paciente e corroborando para uma escolha terapêutica mais adequada.
O AVANÇO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS E A INTERAÇÃO DOS SABERES NA EDUCAÇÃO DURANTE E PÓS-PERÍODO PANDÊMICO - EXPERIÊNCIA EM ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR OBRIGATÓRIO
Authors: Nascimento Niciene Dina Campos de Oliveira , Santos Maria Pricila Miranda dos
Published: March 2024

Durante a pandemia, as tecnologias digitais desempenharam um papel fundamental, facilitando o trabalho remoto, a educação on-line, a telemedicina e a comunicação virtual, destacando a importância da conectividade e inovação para enfrentar desafios globais. O estudo deste artigo destaca experiências vivenciadas por professores, alunos e estagiários, através de estágio obrigatório para conclusão do Curso de Graduação em Língua Portuguesa em turmas do Ensino Médio.
Observations of cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the global troposphere and their relation to polar surface O3 destruction
Authors: Roberts James M. , Wang Siyuan , Veres Patrick R. , Neuman J. Andrew , Robinson Michael A. , Bourgeois Ilann , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Allen Hannah M. , Crounse John D. , Wennberg Paul O. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Meinardi Simone , Simpson Isobel J. , Blake Donald
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Bromine activation (the production of Br in an elevated oxidation state) promotes ozone destruction and mercury removal in the global troposphere and commonly occurs in both springtime polar boundary layers, often accompanied by nearly complete ozone destruction. The chemistry and budget of active bromine compounds (e.g., Br2, BrCl, BrO, HOBr) reflect the cycling of Br and affect its environmental impact. Cyanogen bromide (BrCN) has recently been measured by iodide ion high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (I− CIMS), and trifluoro methoxide ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CF3O− CIMS) during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission second, third, and fourth deployments (NASA ATom), and could be a previously unquantified participant in active Br chemistry. BrCN mixing ratios ranged from below the detection limit (1.5 pptv) up to as high as 36 pptv (10 s average) and enhancements were almost exclusively confined to the polar boundary layers in the Arctic winter and in both polar regions during spring and fall. The coincidence of BrCN with active Br chemistry (often observable BrO, BrCl and O3 loss) and high CHBr3/CH2Br2 ratios imply that much of the observed BrCN is from atmospheric Br chemistry rather than a biogenic source. Likely BrCN formation pathways involve the heterogeneous reactions of active Br (Br2, HOBr) with reduced nitrogen compounds, for example hydrogen cyanide (HCN/CN−), on snow, ice, or particle surfaces. Competitive reaction calculations of HOBr reactions with Cl−/Br− and HCN/CN− in solution, as well as box model calculations with bromine chemistry, confirm the viability of this formation channel and show a distinct pH dependence, with BrCN formation favored at higher pH values. Gas-phase loss processes of BrCN due to reaction with radical species are likely quite slow and photolysis is known to be relatively slow (BrCN lifetime of ∼ 4 months in midlatitude summer). These features, and the lack of BrCN enhancements above the polar boundary layer, imply that surface reactions must be the major loss processes. The fate of BrCN determines whether BrCN production fuels or terminates bromine activation. BrCN reactions with other halogens (Br−, HOCl, HOBr) may perpetuate the active Br cycle; however, preliminary laboratory experiments showed that BrCN did not react with aqueous bromide ion (< 0.1 %) to reform Br2. Liquid-phase reactions of BrCN are more likely to convert Br to bromide (Br−) or form a C–Br bonded organic species, as these are the known condensed-phase reactions of BrCN and would therefore constitute a loss of atmospheric active Br. Thus, further study of the chemistry of BrCN will be important for diagnosing polar Br cycling.
Distinct oxygenation modes of the Gulf of Oman over the past 43 000 years – a multi-proxy approach
Authors: Burdanowitz Nicole , Schmiedl Gerhard , Gaye Birgit , Munz Philipp M. , Schulz Hartmut
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Changing climatic conditions can shape the strength and extent of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The presence and variability of the OMZ in the Arabian Sea is of importance to the latter's ecosystem. The state of oxygenation has, for instance, an impact on the pelagic and benthic faunal community or the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It is important to understand the dynamics of the OMZ and related marine environmental conditions because of their climate feedbacks. In this study, we combined three independent proxies to reconstruct the oxygenation state of the water column and bottom water in the Gulf of Oman for the past 43 kyr approximately. This multi-proxy approach is done for the first time at the northeastern Oman margin located in the Gulf of Oman. We used bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) and the alkane ratio (lycopane +n-C35)/n-C31 and benthic foraminiferal faunal analysis to reconstruct the strength of the OMZ in the water column and bottom water oxygenation, respectively. Our results show that the Gulf of Oman experienced strong pronounced OMZ and bottom water deoxygenation during the Holocene. In contrast, during Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2), including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Gulf of Oman was very well ventilated, with a highly diverse benthic foraminiferal community. This may have been caused by stronger wind-induced mixing and better ventilation by oxygen-rich water masses. Our results also show moderate oxygenation during MIS 3, with deoxygenation events during most of the warmer Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) events. We propose two distinct oxygenation modes for the Gulf of Oman: (1) a stable period of either strongly pronounced water column OMZ and bottom water deoxygenation or well-oxygenated water column and bottom water conditions and (2) an unstable period of oscillating oxygenation states between moderately oxygenated (stadials) and deoxygenated (interstadials, D–O events) conditions. The unstable period may be triggered by an interstadial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) mode, which is required to initiate D–O events.
Effects of idealized land cover and land management changes on the atmospheric water cycle
Authors: De Hertog Steven J. , Lopez-Fabara Carmen E. , van der Ent Ruud , Keune Jessica , Miralles Diego G. , Portmann Raphael , Schemm Sebastian , Havermann Felix , Guo Suqi , Luo Fei , Manola Iris , Lejeune Quentin , Pongratz Julia , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Thiery Wim
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Land cover and land management changes (LCLMCs) play an important role in achieving low-end warming scenarios through land-based mitigation. However, their effects on moisture fluxes and recycling remain uncertain, although they have important implications for the future viability of such strategies. Here, we analyse the impact of idealized LCLMC scenarios on atmospheric moisture transport in three different Earth system model (ESMs): the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), and the European Consortium Earth System Model (EC-EARTH). The LCLMC scenarios comprise of a full cropland world, a fully afforested world, and a cropland world with unlimited irrigation expansion. The effects of these LCLMC in the different ESMs are analysed for precipitation, evaporation, and vertically integrated moisture flux convergence to understand the LCLMC-induced changes in the atmospheric moisture cycle. Then, a moisture tracking algorithm is applied to assess the effects of LCLMC on moisture recycling at the local (grid cell level) and the global scale (continental moisture recycling). By applying a moisture tracking algorithm on fully coupled ESM simulations we are able to quantify the complete effects of LCLMC on moisture recycling (including circulation changes), which are generally not considered in moisture recycling studies. Our results indicate that cropland expansion is generally causing a drying and reduced local moisture recycling, while afforestation and irrigation expansion generally cause wetting and increased local moisture recycling. However, the strength of this effect varies across ESMs and shows a large dependency on the dominant driver. Some ESMs show a dominance of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes while other ESMs show a dominance of local to regional changes in the atmospheric water cycle only within the vicinity of the LCLMC. Overall, these results corroborate that LCLMC can induce substantial effects on the atmospheric water cycle and moisture recycling, both through local effects and changes in atmospheric circulation. However, more research is needed to constrain the uncertainty of these effects within ESMs to better inform future land-based mitigation strategies.