bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-intensity ultrasound affects the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of proteins recovered from noni (Morinda citrifolia) seeds
Authors: López-Mártir Kevin Ulises , Ulloa J. A. , Rosas-Ulloa Petra , Ulloa Rangel Blanca Estela , Urías-Silvas Judith Esmeralda
Published: February 2025

Seeds as by-products from fruit processing are an important protein source can be recovered for use in foods. The objetive of this study was to prepare a protein concentrate from...
Droplet-templating soft materials into structured bead-based aerogels with compartmentalized or welded configurations
Authors: Ghasemi Shayan , Panahi-Sarmad Mahyar , Erfanian Elnaz , Guo Tianyu , Rad Vahid , Jalaee Adel , Banvillet Gabriel , Foster E. Johan , Tam Kam C. , Soroush Masoud , Jiang Feng , Rojas Orlando J. , Kamkar Milad
Published: February 2025

This figure represents a droplet-templating approach for fabricating soft materials that serve as versatile templates, enabling the creation of compartmentalized, hybrid, or gradient structures which can be readily converted into aerogel beads.
Rationalizing high-entropy catalytic self-Fenton pollutant degradation from an effective porous piezoelectric composite film
Authors: Cai Jiahui , Han Feng , Tian Dan , Li Xinnan , Zhuang Jialin , Chen Yunfan , An Qi
Published: February 2025

As an emerging catalytic strategy, heterogeneous Piezo-Self-Fenton (EPSF) has demonstrated significant potential in fields such as environmental remediation and biomedicine in recent years. However, the catalytic reactions in this process...
Soxhlet extraction of Momordica cochinchinensis fruit peel for β-carotene recovery
Authors: Tran Hai D. , Tu Nguyen Nguyen Thi , Phuong Trinh Thu , Nguyen Quoc Hai , Dang Van-Han
Published: February 2025

The Soxhlet extraction of β-carotene from the fruit peel of Momordica cochinchinensis was modeled, yielding valuable insights into the kinetic parameters for operation and optimization.
Vertical phase separation induced highly efficient pseudo-bilayer photoanode in organic photoelectrochemical cells
Authors: Kim Jaehyeong , Lee Soonyong , Lee Yeonjeong , Lee Tack Ho , Kim Jin Young , Woo Han Young
Published: February 2025

Substituting the polar diethylene glycol side chain in the non-fullerene acceptor (IDIC-DEG) caused vertical phase separation (VPS) due to surface energy differences with the hydrophobic donor (PPDT2FBT), leading to the...
Undemanding synthesis of N, P co-doped carbon nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction: Combining experimental quantitative analysis and DFT calculation corroboration
Authors: Yang Xinran , Takada Ryuji , Li Xinyu , Narimatsu Kotaro , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: February 2025

Developing cost-effective catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of foremost importance for new energy layout and having broad development prospects. Metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon materials have emerged as a focal...
DNA aptamers targeting P. aeruginosa RNAP
Authors: Timilsina Hari Prasad , Kompaniiets Dmytro , Arya Satya , Postema Rick , Jahan Raunak , Reynolds Andrew  Michael , Thennakoon Siddhartha , Liu Bin , Tan Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

We present the first DNA aptamers designed to target the RNA polymerase (RNAP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Utilizing SELEX, we identified and examined aptamers, among which the R2 aptamer demonstrated high...
Guest-Adaptive Hydrogen-Bonded Dimerization of a C3-Symmetric Tribenzotriquinacene Molecular Bowl
Authors: Tian-shu Yang , Duan Xiao-Fang , Fan Yin , Cai Li-Xuan , Zhou Lipeng , Hu Shao-Jun , Guo Xiao-Qing , Sun Qing-Fu
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen-bonded dimerization of a C3-symmetric tribenzotriquinacene-based molecular bowl (C3-1) orchestrates the formation of supramolecular assemblies characterized with exceptional guest-induced structural modulation. In the absence of guest molecules, C3-1 assembles into...
New insights into non-contact reflectance IR mapping of teeth
Authors: Lizzi Franco , Elfarraj Hamza , Marushchenko Oleksandra , Lenz Ole , Lasch Peter , Puskar Ljiljana , Mantouvalou Ioanna , Zaslansky Paul
Published: February 2025

Teeth are a high mineralized tissue that withstand years of daily usage. Their mechanical properties have been studied at all length scales for decades but only small areas have been...
Ultrathin and High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers Enabled by Phase-Engineered FeSiAl@1T/2H MoS2 Interfaces
Authors: Xie Kang , Han Yige , Zhang Qin , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2025

With societal progression toward intelligence systems and escalating electromagnetic radiation challenges, the demand for advanced electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorbing materials has intensified. A prevalent methodology combines magnetic components with dielectric...
Ring-opening reactions of simple gem-difluorocyclopropanes using molecular iodine
Authors: Goto Toshihito , Shirai Sakuya , Kawasaki-Takasuka Tomoko , Agou Tomohiro , Yamazaki Takashi
Published: February 2025

We previously reported an efficient method for the ring-opening 1,3-difunctionalization of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (F2CPs) using KBr in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate or potassium persulfate, resulting in the formation...
Synthetic approaches for novel 3-heteroaryl-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinoline-2(1H)one: spectroscopic characterization, molecular docking and DFT investigations
Authors: Mostafa Mai A. , Ibrahim Magdy A. , Ibrahim S. S. , Mohamed Nada , Badran Al-Shimaa
Published: February 2025

Ring opening and recyclization reactions with 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-nitro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione (1) was examined towards some carbon nucleophilic reagents.
Design parameter optimization of a membrane reactor for methanol synthesis using a sophisticated CFD model
Authors: Hauth Theresa , Pielmaier Konstantin , Dieterich Vincent , Wein Nicolas , Spliethoff Hartmut , Fendt Sebastian
Published: February 2025

A sophisticated CFD model of a membrane reactor for methanol synthesis from CO2 is developed, with which key parameters for the general optimization of the construction and operation of membrane reactors for industrial applications are identified.
Oncostatin M induced α1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene expression in Hep G2 cells is mediated by a 3′ enhancer
Authors: MORGAN Kevin , MARSTERS Peter , MORLEY Stephen , van GENT Diana , HEJAZI Ala , BACKX Matt , THORPE Emma R.K. , KALSHEKER Noor
Published: July 2002

α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is the major serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN A1) in human plasma. Its target proteinase is neutrophil elastase and its main physiological function is protection of the lower respiratory tract from the destructive effects of neutrophil elastase during an inflammatory response. Circulating levels of AAT rise 2–3-fold during inflammation and the liver produces most of this increase. The cytokines oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-6 have been shown to be mainly responsible for this effect, which is mediated via the interaction of cytokine-inducible transcription factors with regulatory elements within the gene. In the present study, we report for the first time that OSM stimulation of hepatocyte AAT occurs via an interaction between the hepatocyte promoter and an OSM-responsive element at the 3′-end of the AAT gene. This effect is mediated by the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ('STAT 3') binding to an OSM-responsive element (sequence TTCTCTTAA), and this site is distinct from, but close to, a previously reported interleukin-6-responsive element.
Effects of "binge" use of intravenous cocaine in methadone‐maintained individuals
Authors: Foltin Richard W. , Fischman Marian W.
Published: July 2002

Aims. To examine the effects of heavy cocaine use followed by abstinence. Design. During self‐administration sessions, which occurred in the afternoon and again in the evening, participants could self‐administer up to six doses of intravenous cocaine (32 mg/70 kg) at 14‐minute intervals. All volunteers participated in a 2‐day and a 3‐day series of self‐administration sessions (cocaine binges). No cocaine was available for at least 2 days following each cocaine binge. Participants. Five adult methadone‐maintained cocaine abusers. Setting. Inpatient clinical research unit. Measurements. Cardiovascular and subjective effects. Findings. The first cocaine dose in a session produced substantial subjective and cardiovascular effects and, with the exception of blood pressure and ratings of "irritable", administering up to five more cocaine doses did not increase these effects. Additional cocaine doses, however, did increase ratings of "bad drug effect" and decrease ratings of "I want cocaine". Maximal subjective and cardiovascular effects of cocaine did not vary across sessions on the same day or between days. Ratings of "depressed" and "miserable" were increased the first day after each period of cocaine use, and presentation of cocaine‐related stimuli increased ratings of "I want cocaine" and "I want heroin" during cocaine abstinence. Conclusions. Acute tolerance developed to many of the effects of cocaine during a cocaine binge in methadone‐maintained individuals, next‐day residual changes in mood were subtle, and no prolonged effects of a cocaine binge were observed.
An upper limit on the frequency of short-period black hole companions to Sun-like stars
Authors: Green Matthew J. , Ziv Yoav , Rix Hans-Walter , Maoz Dan , Hamoudy Ikram , Mazeh Tsevi , Faigler Simchon , Lam Marco C. , El-Badry Kareem , Hume George , Munday James , Yarker Paige
Published: February 2025

Stellar-mass black holes descend from high-mass stars, most of which had stellar binary companions. However, the number of those binary systems that survive the binary evolution and black hole formation is uncertain by multiple orders of magnitude. The survival rate is particularly uncertain for massive stars with low-mass companions, which are thought to be the progenitors of most black hole X-ray binaries. We present a search for close black hole companions (orbital period lesssim 3,days, equivalent to separation lesssim 20 R_⊙) to AFGK-type stars in TESS ; that is, the non-accreting counterparts to and progenitors of low-mass X-ray binaries. Such black holes can be detected by the tidally induced ellipsoidal deformation of the visible star, and the ensuing photometric light curve variations. From an initial sample of $4.7 TESS stars, we have selected 457 candidate ellipsoidal variables with large mass ratios. However, after spectroscopic follow-up of 250 of them, none so far are consistent with a close black hole companion. On the basis of this non-detection, we determine (with $2σ$ confidence) that fewer than one in $10^5$ solar-type stars in the solar neighbourhood hosts a short-period black hole companion. This upper limit is in tension with a number of `optimistic' population models in the literature that predict short-period black hole companions around one in ∼ 10^ stars. Our limit is still consistent with other models that predict only a few in ∼ 10^
Palatability level, analysis of types and phytochemical content of feed on long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis Raffles, 1821) in the Kaliurang nature tourism forest, Yogyakarta
Authors: Lisanti Elsa , Thaharah Alza Kirana , Ameira Azura , Abidah Khadijah Lathifia , Adyn M. Farhan
Published: February 2025

The forest area on the slopes of Mount Merapi, located in the northern part of Yogyakarta, has a lot of flora and fauna. One of the fauna that lives in the area is a long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821). Long-tailed monkeys eat lots of fruit and are grouped into frugivorous animals. However, long-tailed monkeys, such as leaves and flowers, will have more abundant food in their habitat. Therefore, this study analyzed long-tailed monkey feed to see the percentage of long-tailed monkeys who chose feed. In addition, phytochemical content analysis was conducted as supplementary data to determine the feeding preferences of long-tailed monkeys. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the plant species selected by the long-tailed monkeys in the Tlogo Muncar and Tlogo Nirmolo areas were Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Melastoma polyanthum Burm. f, Carex flaca and Sp 1. The plant parts that long-tailed monkeys ate were almost entirely leaves. Phytochemical tests on samples consisted of steroid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, and triterpenoid tests.
Kataraktchirurgische Ausbildung in Deutschland: eine Umfrage des European Board of Ophthalmology
Authors: Yaïci Rémi , Schiefelbein Johannes , Dhubhghaill Sorcha Ní , Sanogo Massira Melanie , Lefebvre François , Aclimandos Wagih , Asoklis Rimvydas , Atilla Huban , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Curtin Denise , Cvenkel Barbara , Flanagan Lisa , Kivelä Tero T. , Maino Anna , Costa Rafael Martinez , Filipe Helena Prior , Stopa Marcin , Strong Brendan , Stürmer Jörg Peter Egon , Tassignon Marie-José , Ivekovic Renata , Priglinger Siegfried , Bourcier Tristan
Published: February 2025

Einführung In der sich stetig entwickelnden Augenheilkunde ist die Phakoemulsifikation eine grundlegende operative Fertigkeit für angehende Augenärzte und die am häufigsten durchgeführte Operation. Eine umfassende Untersuchung europäischer Ausbildungserfahrungen zwischen 2018 und 2022 zeigte erhebliche Unterschiede. Ziel dieser Studie ist, die deutschen Ergebnisse im Kontext der europäischen Daten zu betrachten.

Methoden In dieser Studie werden die Umfrageergebnisse von deutschen Teilnehmern an den EBO-Prüfungen (EBO: European Board of Ophthalmology) 2018 – 2022 analysiert und im europäischen Gesamtvergleich eingeordnet. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine regionale Analyse nach Bundesländern.

Ergebnisse 136 von 445 Befragten (30,6%) haben den Fragebogen beantwortet. 67,7% hatten die EBO-Prüfung zwischen 2021 und 2022 abgelegt, wobei die Mehrheit der Studienteilnehmer Frauen waren (59,6%) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 34 ± 2 Jahren. 89,7% waren Rechtshänder, stammten aus 14 verschiedenen Bundesländer, zu einem Großteil aus Nordrhein-Westfalen, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern und Berlin. Von den Befragten gaben 22,8% an, 10 oder mehr Trainingseinheiten an Tieraugen durchgeführt zu haben. 5,1% gaben an, Trainingseinheiten an synthetischen Augen absolviert zu haben und 16,9% gaben an, mit einem Virtual-Reality-Simulator trainiert zu haben. Eine Anzahl von über 10 Schulungen korrelierte signifikant mit einem höheren Selbstvertrauen bei der Durchführung von Kataraktoperationen (p < 0,001). 83 (61%) der Befragten, haben während ihrer Facharztausbildung in Deutschland keine Schritte der Kataraktoperationen an Patienten durchgeführt. Dies ist weit über dem
europäischen Mittelwert. Frauen sind in dieser Gruppe statistisch signifikant überrepräsentiert mit 67,5% (p = 0,019) der Subgruppe.

Diskussion Im europäischen Kontext gehört Deutschland zu den Ländern, in denen die Ausbildung in der Kataraktchirurgie nicht im Curriculum mit festen Zahlen verankert ist. Dieses Modell könnte zu den signifikanten Geschlechterunterschieden beigetragen haben. Die simulationsbasierte medizinische Ausbildung könnte dieses Problem adressieren, als zusätzliches Instrument für einen gerechteren Zugang zur chirurgischen Ausbildung.

Schlussfolgerung Der innereuropäische Vergleich und Austausch kann dazu beitragen, bessere Leitlinien für die ophthalmologische Facharztausbildung zu formulieren. Dadurch könnte das Ausbildungsniveau sowohl in der konservativen als auch operativen Ophthalmologie in ganz Europa standardisiert und verbessert werden.
Entwicklung: Hemmnisse der digitalen Transformation von Krankenhäusern
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Wolf Antonia , Wieczorek Viktoria
Published: February 2025

Es gibt zahlreiche Studien zum schlechten Digitalisierungsgrad des deutschen Gesundheitswesens. Dabei wurde die Partizipation der Patienten und die Aktualität der Gesundheitsdaten jedoch bisher zu wenig beachtet.
Kostenoptimierung: Materialkosten senken, Bestandsführung verbessern
Authors: Kloepfel Marc
Published: February 2025

Ein effizientes Kostenmanagement im Klinikeinkauf ist wichtiger denn je. Bereits eine Kostensenkung im Einkauf von drei bis vier Prozent ist vergleichbar mit einer Umsatzsteigerung von 20 bis 30 Prozent. Dabei sollten Mediziner Hand in Hand mit den Einkäufern gehen – zum Wohle der Patienten.
PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL FAILURE-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Abi-Aad Sasha-Jane , Lovell Mark , Khalaf Racha , Sokol Ronald Jay
Published: February 2025

Long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) has considerably improved the management of intestinal failure (IF) in children and adults, particularly those with short bowel syndrome; however, it carries a significant risk of hepatotoxicity, specifically intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), also known as PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). This review provides an update on the latest understanding of IFALD pathogenesis, emerging therapies, and ongoing challenges in management of this complication. A number of factors are associated with development of IFALD. PN lipid emulsions, phytosterol exposure, bacterial dysbiosis, an altered gut-liver axis and episodes of sepsis disrupt bile acid homeostasis and promote liver inflammation in the active phase of IFALD, favoring the development of PN-associated cholestasis (PNAC), and the more chronic form of steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Based on identification of pathophysiological pathways, potential therapies are being studied in preclinical and clinical trials including lipid emulsion modifications; targeted therapies such as FXR and LRH-1 agonists, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analogs; microbiome modulation; and supplementation with choline and antioxidants. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of IFALD is complex, and PN dependence and liver injury remain challenging, particularly in patients with IF who cannot advance to enteral nutrition and be weaned off PN.
Factor inhibitor testing: An update from Australasia/Asia-Pacific
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Arunachalam Sandya
Published: February 2025

Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors represent antibodies that develop against coagulation FVIII and reduce FVIII functional activity. FVIII inhibitors (allo-antibodies) may develop in patients with congenital hemophilia A (CHA) in response to infused FVIII or in patients without CHA in a variety of situations (auto-antibodies; acquired hemophilia A). We report updated findings for FVIII inhibitor testing in our geographic region using recent data (testing for the past 5 years; 2020-2024 inclusive) from the RCPAQAP, an international external quality assessment (EQA) program, with over 80 enrolments for the FVIII inhibitor module. Four samples are assessed each year, with these comprising both FVIII inhibitor negative samples, and FVIII inhibitor positive samples with various inhibitor titres. This EQA data largely evidences favourable findings in FVIII inhibitor testing in our jurisdiction, with >99% of test results interpreted correctly by participants for the presence (‘detected’) or absence (‘not detected’) of FVIII inhibitors in assessed samples. Moreover, most errors in interpretation appear to be transcription or data entry errors rather than analytic errors. The coefficient of variation (CV) values for FVIII inhibitor samples were moderately high, ranging from 25% to 40%, irrespective of the inhibitor titre (ranging from 3 to 64 Bethesda Units [BU]/mL) or the method (i.e., Bethesda vs Nijmegen). In conclusion, most laboratories were able to correctly identify the presence vs absence of FVIII inhibitors, although laboratory reported titres varied moderately.
Use of oral anti-Xa inhibitor in prosthetic mechanical aortic valve with warfarin hypersensitivity due to the FIX p.(Ala37Thr) pro peptide variant: case report and literature review.
Authors: TUFANO ANTONELLA , Fierarossa Carmine , Cirillo Ferdinando , Miele Ciro , Capasso Filomena , Mazzaccara Cristina , Micale Lucia , Vecchione Gennaro , Castori Marco , Frangipane Ignazio , Mocerino Luca , Cimino Ernesto , Di Minno Matteo
Published: February 2025

Bleeding is the most common side effect during treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Sometimes, VKA use causes bleeding episodes due to rare variants in the factor IX (FIX) pro peptide that modify the affinity of FIX pro peptide to the binding of γ-glutamyl carboxylase.
We report on a 51-year-old patient who presented with recurrent spontaneous and severe intramuscular and cutaneous bleedings during VKA (warfarin) treatment for the presence of prosthetic mechanical aortic valve. Laboratory evaluation revealed INR within the therapeutic range with markedly prolonged aPTT and large reduction of FIX levels. Laboratory parameters significantly improved when warfarin was switched with low-molecular-weight heparin. Next generation sequencing analysis revealed the variant p.(Ala37Thr) in the F9 gene, which has been previously associated with VKA sensitivity. As an alternative to warfarin, apixaban 5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg daily was started, with no thrombosis or recurrence of hemorrhage and normalization of INR, aPTT and FIX levels, at 12-months follow-up.
We also performed a literature search across PubMed and Scopus, until January 2025. The analysis evidenced 5 case reports and 2 case series. The mechanisms of this rare VKA hypersensitivity have also been reviewed.
In conclusion, while VKA hypersensitivity is a rare phenomenon, awareness towards this complication and the current accessibility to molecular testing make it important to identify patients at risk. The efficacy/safety of direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors in patients with mechanical heart valve and VKA hypersensitivity due to F9 p.(Ala37Thr) variant deserves more attention and further investigations
Mode of delivery outcomes of induced versus spontaneous labor in individuals with dichorionic twins
Authors: Rao Manasa Geeta , DeBolt Chelsea Ann , Wang Kelly , Mills Alexandra N. , Khurana Sonia G. , Band Isabelle , Kaplowitz Elianna , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan S , Stone Joanne
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate odds of vaginal delivery comparing induced versus spontaneous labor in nulliparas and multiparas with dichorionic twins.

Study Design: Retrospective review of dichorionic twin pregnancies from 2008-2021. Those with scheduled or elective cesarean, malpresentation, prior uterine surgery, fetal anomaly, gestational age (GA) at delivery < 34 weeks, and multifetal reduction were excluded. Nulliparas and multiparas were analyzed separately. The primary outcome was vaginal delivery of both twins. Secondary outcomes included preterm delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Outcomes were compared among induced versus spontaneous labor and assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Among 258 nulliparas, 176 (68.2%) were induced and 82 (31.8%) spontaneously labored. Induced patients were older (p=0.048), had higher proportion of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) (p=0.04), HDP (p<0.0001) and later GA at delivery (p<0.0001). Patients who spontaneously labored had higher proportion of preterm delivery <37 (p<0.0001) and higher proportion of at least one twin admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (p=0.01). On univariable analysis, induction was associated with decreased likelihood of vaginal delivery of both twins (p=0.01). However, after adjusting for augmentation, GA at delivery, gestational diabetes, and HDP/chronic hypertension, this was no longer statistically significant (p=0.14). Among 239 multiparas, 108 (45.2%) were induced and 131 (54.8%) spontaneously labored. Induced patients had higher proportion IHCP (p=0.02), chronic hypertension (p=0.02), HDP (p<0.0001), and later GA at delivery (p<0.0001). Spontaneous labor patients had higher proportion of preterm delivery <37 (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in odds of vaginal delivery between spontaneous versus induced labor on univariate (p=0.74) or adjusted analysis after controlling for augmentation, GA at delivery, gestational diabetes and HDP/chronic hypertension (p=0.40) among multiparas.

Conclusion: Among nulliparas and multiparas with dichorionic twins, induction of labor does not appear to be associated with decreased odds of vaginal delivery.
Fright of Long-Haul Flights: Focus on Travel-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Papadakis Emmanuel , Gavriilaki Eleni , Kotsiou Nikolaos , Tufano Antonella , Brenner Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Travel-related thrombosis (TRT), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), poses a significant health risk associated with long-haul travel. Prolonged immobility, dehydration, and cabin pressure changes during flights contribute to venous stasis, hypoxia, and hypercoagulability, collectively increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While the absolute risk of TRT is relatively low in the population overall, it rises significantly among high-risk groups, including individuals with a history of VTE, thrombophilia, pregnancy, or recent surgery. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation of TRT while highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Risk assessment models can provide guidance for identifying at-risk travelers. Preventive strategies include pharmacological prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for high-risk individuals and nonpharmacological measures such as compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression, mobility exercises, and hydration. Guidelines from international societies recommend tailored interventions based on individual risk profiles, as randomized controlled trials are scarce. Given that long-haul travel dramatically expands, this review critically analyzes the available TRT management strategies in various clinical settings, aiming to increase awareness of this global health issue.
Electronic properties of heteroepitaxial undoped and n-InSb epilayers using SnTe source by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Rawdanowicz T. A. , Iyer S. , Mitchel W. C. , Saxler A. , Elhamri S.
Published: July 2002

We report on the electrical characteristics of InSb and n-type doping of InSb layers grown on GaAs substrates using a SnTe captive source by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The undoped epilayers are n-type in the temperature range of 10 to 300 K investigated. Doped layer with carrier concentrations ranging from 2×1016/cm3 to 3.2×1018/cm3 with corresponding x-ray full width at half maxima varying from 170–200 arcsec have been achieved. High carrier mobility of 94 098 cm2/V s on lightly doped samples has been achieved. These results suggest SnTe source as being one of the donor dopants of choice for MBE grown InSb epilayers. Temperature and magnetic field dependent Hall and resistivity measurements with various multicarrier conduction analysis techniques indicate three conduction channels for undoped InSb and two conduction channels for doped InSb. They have been used successfully to explain the temperature and thickness dependence of the electrical properties of MBE grown undoped and doped InSb epilayers.
Electrical activation of high concentrations of N+ and P+ ions implanted into 4H–SiC
Authors: Laube M. , Schmid F. , Pensl G. , Wagner G. , Linnarsson M. , Maier M.
Published: July 2002

Comparative Hall effect investigations are conducted on N- and P-implanted as well as on (N+P)-coimplanted 4H–SiC epilayers. Box profiles with three different mean concentrations ranging from 2.5×1018 to 3×1020 cm−3 to a depth of 0.8 μm are implanted at 500 °C into the (0001)-face of the initially p-type (Al-doped) epilayers. Postimplantation anneals at 1700 °C for 30 min are conducted to electrically activate the implanted N+ and P+ ions. Our systematic Hall effect investigations demonstrate that there is a critical donor concentration of (2–5)×1019 cm−3. Below this value, N- and P-donors result in comparable sheet resistances. The critical concentration represents an upper limit for electrically active N donors, while P donors can be activated at concentrations above 1020 cm−3. This high concentration of electrically active P donors is responsible for the observed low sheet resistance of 35 Ω/□, which is about one order of magnitude lower than the minimum sheet resistance achieved by N implantation.
High temperature oxidation of Si(100) by neutral oxygen cluster beam: Coexistence of active and passive oxidation areas
Authors: Daineka D. V. , Pradère F. , Châtelet M. , Fort E.
Published: July 2002

We report the study of Si(100) oxidation by oxygen clusters with an average size of 2000 molecules at substrate temperatures ranging from 850 to 1100 °C. It has been found that at T<1000 °C two areas corresponding to passive and active oxidation of silicon coexist within the same impact spot on the surface. In the central part of the impact spot, no surface etching occurs due to the formation of a protective oxide layer. In the area surrounding the central part, a circular groove with a steep inner and slightly sloping outer walls is formed as a result of surface etching via the reaction 2Si+O2→2SiO(gas). The reactive sticking coefficient of oxygen obtained from the etch rate in active oxidation area is significantly higher than that for oxidation by molecular oxygen. The coexistence of the two areas is attributed to a quasi-Gaussian flux density distribution in the beam cross section. The observed abrupt drop of the etch rate at the inner wall of the groove marks the transition from active to passive oxidation. Silicon oxidation by an oxygen cluster beam shows specific features that have not been observed in previous works with molecular oxygen. The critical flux density corresponding to the transition does not, for instance show an Arrhenius behavior. Besides, this study shows the crucial role of the beam spatial parameters when supersonic sources are used to study surface reactions.
Transmission of light in ionic ferrofluid
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Baogang , Lin Yueqiang , Qiu Xiaoyan , Ma Xiaojuan
Published: July 2002

The transmission of light through CoFe2O4 ionic aqueous ferrofluids under different magnetic fields is measured. The results show that the transmission intensity increases quickly as soon as the magnetic field is applied, and then weakens with time. Both the initial increase and following decrease of the transmission intensity are proportional to the volume fraction Φv of CoFe2O4 particles in the ferrofluid and the magnetic field strength B. Once the magnetic field is removed, the transmission intensity rises rapidly to a stable value, which is inversely proportional to the Φv and B, and is less than the value before the magnetic field was applied. These results indicate that there exists a dynamical process that the chains of magnetic particles in the ferrofluid form, join, and then break.
Highly anisotropic crystal growth and thermoelectric properties of K2Bi8−xSbxSe13 solid solutions: Band gap anomaly at low x
Authors: Kyratsi Theodora , Dyck Jeffrey S. , Chen Wei , Chung Duck-Young , Uher Ctirad , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2002

The thermoelectric properties of solid solutions of the type β-K2Bi8−xSbxSe13 (0<x<8) were studied with respect to thermal behavior, band gap variation, and charge transport properties as a function of x. At x values between 0 and 1.5, the energy band gap is observed to decrease (anomalous) before it widens with increasing x values as would be expected. For selected members of the solid solutions, the Bridgman technique was applied to obtain well-grown oriented ingots that were used to measure the thermal conductivity and charge transport properties in different growth directions. The measurements showed a strong anisotropy in thermoelectric properties with the largest anisotropy observed in the electrical conductivity. Lattice thermal conductivities of the selected solid solutions were observed to decrease when the x value increases. Preliminary doping studies on the x=1.6 member were carried out and it was shown that it is possible to significantly increase the power factor.
Quadratic replica coupling in the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick mean field spin glass model
Authors: Guerra Francesco , Toninelli Fabio Lucio
Published: July 2002

We develop a very simple method to study the high temperature, or equivalently high external field, behavior of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick mean field spin glass model. The basic idea is to couple two different replicas with a quadratic term, trying to push out the two replica overlap from its replica symmetric value. In the case of zero external field, our results reproduce the well known validity of the annealed approximation, up to the known critical value for the temperature. In the case of nontrivial external field, we can prove the validity of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick replica symmetric solution up to a line, which falls short of the Almeida–Thouless line, associated to the onset of the spontaneous replica symmetry breaking, in the Parisi ansatz. The main difference with the method, recently developed by Michel Talagrand, is that we employ a quadratic coupling, and not a linear one. The resulting flow equations, with respect to the parameters of the model, turn out to be very simple, and the parameter region, where the method works, can be easily found in explicit terms. As a straightforward application of cavity methods, we show also how to determine free energy and overlap fluctuations, in the region where replica symmetry has been shown to hold. It is a major open problem to give a rigorous mathematical treatment of the transition to replica symmetry breaking, necessarily present in the model.
Thickness and angular dependencies of exchange bias in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers
Authors: Hu Jing-guo , Jin Guo-jun , Ma Yu-qiang
Published: July 2002

A generalized Meiklejohn–Bean model in which the exchange coupling includes bilinear (direct exchange) and biquadratic (spin–flop) terms is proposed to study the exchange bias in ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayers. For the strong antiferromagnetic anisotropy, an explicit formula for the exchange bias is derived and used to discuss the thickness and angular dependencies, and a lot of recent experimental results can thus be illustrated. The results show that both the critical thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer displaying the exchange bias and the saturation value of the exchange bias depend on the exchange coupling constants, the angle between the FM easy axis and AFM easy axis, as well as the orientation of an applied field. The bilinear and biquadratic terms will provide competitive contributions to the exchange bias, while the angular variation of the applied field can tune the exchange bias.
Band gap energy and exciton peak of cubic CdS/GaAs epilayers
Authors: Yu Young-Moon , Kim Kwan-mo , O Byungsung , Lee Ki-Seon , Choi Yong Dae , Yu Pyeong Yeol
Published: July 2002

Cubic zinc blende CdS epilayers were grown on (100) GaAs substrates by hot-wall epitaxy. The lattice constant of cubic CdS was measured by x-ray diffraction and it was found that the compressive strain remained in the CdS films. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement showed the free exciton emission at the room temperature. Room temperature energy gap and exciton binding energy were determined by absorption and PL spectra.
Dissociative recombination coefficient for low temperature equilibrium cesium plasma
Authors: Momozaki Yoichi , El-Genk Mohamed S.
Published: July 2002

The dissociative recombination (DR) coefficient in decaying low temperature Cs plasma is calculated based on the experimentally measured relaxation time of decaying Cs plasma by L. P. Harris [J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1543 (1965)]. Results showed that DR is the dominant recombination process over three-body recombination at T<1650 K and PCs of 0.5–20 Torr (67–2666 Pa). The estimated DR coefficient for Cs is between 10−12 and 10−13 m3/s at T<1750 K and PCs of 0.5–20 Torr. Although theory predicts that DR coefficient solely depends on temperature, the present results show pressure dependency. For typical operating conditions in thermionic converters (T<1650 K and PCs⩽400 Pa), DR is constant and ∼5.26×10−13 m3/s.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of defects in Si-doped GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN on sapphire
Authors: Laukkanen P. , Lehkonen S. , Uusimaa P. , Pessa M. , Oila J. , Hautakangas S. , Saarinen K. , Likonen J. , Keränen J.
Published: July 2002

Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) has been utilized to grow Si-doped GaN layers on GaN/sapphire templates prepared by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. An extensive set of characterization techniques is applied to investigate the layers. Positron annihilation experiments indicate that the samples contain open volume defects, most likely clusters of vacancies and possibly Ga vacancy-donor complexes. The number of vacancy clusters decreases, as Si concentration is increased. Photoluminescence spectra show that while the absolute intensity of both the yellow and ultraviolet (UV) band-edge transitions increase with Si doping, the intensity ratio of yellow-to-UV emission is decreased. Secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that the impurity concentrations are in qualitative agreement with the carrier concentrations determined in electrical experiments. The data suggest further that silicon does not affect the diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy reveals that MBE-grown GaN retains the threading dislocation structure of the GaN/sapphire substrate. The MBE layer is also shown to grow in the Ga face orientation, but some inversion boundaries are present in the epilayer.
Spacer parity dependence of photoinduced effects in liquid-crystalline dimers
Authors: Prasad S. Krishna , Sandhya K. L. , Nair Geetha G. , Hiremath Uma S. , Yelamaggad C. V.
Published: July 2002

Liquid crystals composed of photoactive groups like azobenzene are promising materials for optical switching and image storage applications. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, such materials are known to induce a transition from a liquid-crystalline nematic phase, in which the azo molecules are in the trans form to an isotropic liquid phase when the azo molecules take the cis form. We report the observation of the influence of the parity and length of the flexible spacer of photoactive liquid-crystalline dimers in a guest host system on the photoinduced nematic-isotropic transition. A remarkable feature observed is that in this system, in which the guest dimers are present only in a small concentration (4.8 weight %) the odd–even parity of the spacer results in a striking alternation of the magnitude of the photoinduced shift in the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. Further, it is demonstrated that the shape of the photoactive molecule in its all-trans configuration can be used as a convenient tool to control the photoinduced shift in the nematic-isotropic transition temperature.
Solute-defect interactions in a metastable Pb–Ni alloy formed by high-fluence ion implantation
Authors: Touboltsev V. , Räisänen J. , Kolodyazhnaya M. , Johnson E. , Johansen A. , Sarholt L.
Published: July 2002

Implantation of 240 keV Pb+ ions into a Ni (110) single crystal to a fluence of 1016 cm−2 at room temperature and 470 K, respectively, resulted in the formation of a metastable supersaturated Pb–Ni solid solution with a maximum lead concentration of 2.4 at. %. Rutherford backscattering/channeling analysis and transmission electron microscopy have shown that in the as-implanted state most of the Pb atoms were distributed on substitutional lattice sites in the host matrix while a small fraction of Pb was confined within nanoscale precipitates. Most of the precipitates, with sizes ranging from 2 to 15 nm, were single crystalline although bi-, tri-, and tetracrystals were occasionally observed. Upon heating, decomposition of the metastable alloy was observed, with strong outdiffusion of a large fraction of Pb to the surface. By means of angular scan channeling analysis, the lattice location of the implanted Pb atoms was followed directly during in situ isochronal annealing at different temperatures up to 860 K. Thermally activated formation of Pb atom–vacancy complexes was found to cause originally substitutional Pb atoms to change to different types of lattice site occupation. The regular and distorted substitutional, octahedral interstitial, and random locations of the Pb atoms appeared to be strongly correlated with the temperature of the annealing.
Electrically controlled light scattering with single metal nanoparticles
Authors: Müller J. , Sönnichsen C. , von Poschinger H. , von Plessen G. , Klar T. A. , Feldmann J.
Published: July 2002

A concept to electrically control the scattering of light is introduced. The idea is to embed noble metal nanoparticles in an electro-optical material such as a liquid crystal in order to induce a spectral shift of the particle plasmon resonance by applying an electric field. Light scattering experiments on single gold nanoparticles show that spherically shaped nanoparticles become optically spheroidal when covered by an anisotropic liquid crystal. The two particle plasmon resonances of the optically spheroidal gold nanoparticles can be spectrally shifted by up to 50 meV when electric fields of more than 10 kV/cm are applied.
Electron mobility measurement using exciplex-type organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kawabe Y. , Abe J.
Published: July 2002

A method to measure the electron mobility in organics is demonstrated. Bilayer organic light-emitting diodes composed of donor-type and acceptor-type materials often show exciplex emission. We employed a triphenyldiamine derivative and an oxadiazole derivative (PBD) as hole and electron transporters, respectively, and confirmed that the emission is from exciplex. From the transient response of the device after application of pulsed voltage, the electron mobility of neat PBD film was evaluated to be 2.0×10−5 cm2/V s under the electric field of 1 MV/cm.
Impact of local field correction on transport and dynamic properties of warm dense matter
Authors: Kodanova S. K. , Ramazanov T. S. , Issanova M. K.
Published: February 2025

A plasma screening model that accounts for electronic exchange-correlation effects and ionic nonideality in dense quantum plasmas is proposed. This model can be used as an input in various plasma interaction models to calculate scattering cross-sections and transport properties. The applicability of the proposed plasma screening model is demonstrated using the example of the temperature relaxation rate in dense hydrogen and warm dense aluminum. Additionally, the conductivity of warm dense aluminum is computed in the regime where collisions are dominated by electron–ion scattering. The results obtained are compared with available theoretical results and simulation data.
Achieving robust ferroelectric polarization in uncapped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films by incorporating Al dopant
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Weidong , Wang Jiawei , Yao Lulu , Ding Man , Cheng Yonghong
Published: February 2025

In this study, we developed an uncapped HfO2-based ferroelectric (FE) film by incorporating Al dopants into Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films, offering a viable solution to eliminate the need for a top electrode. By systematically optimizing Al doping concentrations and annealing conditions, the Al:HZO film with a cycle ratio of 1:24 achieved a high remanent polarization (2Pr) of 39.5 μC/cm2 at a low thermal budget of 500 °C. The optimized Al:HZO film exhibited a nearly wake-up-free effect and stable polarization retention up to 108 cycles, demonstrating the robust endurance characteristics in the uncapped Al:HZO film. The XRD results indicate that Al doping suppresses the formation of the monoclinic phase and enhances the stability of the tetragonal phase, which may contribute to the enhanced ferroelectric performance and fatigue resistance of the uncapped Al:HZO films. Our results provide a simplified pathway for developing uncapped HfO2-based FE films, which is helpful for advancing HfO2-based FE films for use in next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
Mathematical model of fluid front dynamics driven by porous media pumps
Authors: Benavent-Claró Andreu , Alvarez-Braña Yara , Benito-Lopez Fernando , Basabe-Desmonts Lourdes , Hernandez-Machado Aurora
Published: February 2025

Air-permeable porous media host air within their pores. Upon removal from the material's interior, these porous media have the tendency to reabsorb air from the surrounding, acting as a suction pump. Therefore, the technique used to convert porous media into a pump consists of degassing the material to remove the air inside. The suction property when recovering the air can be used to move a liquid through a microfluidic channel. Porous media pumps are very accurate devices to move liquids in a completely controlled way. By studying the dynamics of the liquid front moved by these pumps, it is possible to extract characteristic properties of both the fluid and the porous material. In this article, we have developed a theoretical mathematical model that precisely characterizes the dynamics of a liquid moved by a degassed porous media pump through a microchannel by comparing it with experimental data. We have seen the differences between sealing the external surface of the pump so that it cannot absorb air from the outside, both mathematically and experimentally. We have observed that, in all cases, the theory fits satisfactorily with the experiments, corroborating the validity of the model. The creation of microfluidic pumps using porous media can be a very useful tool in various fields due to its long operating time and small size and the fact that it operates without any external power source.
Study on the flow mechanism of turbine blades considering combustor exit swirling flow
Authors: Wu Xuan , Dong Xu , Zhang Yingqiang , He Yuxiang , Lu Xin'gen , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhu Junqiang
Published: February 2025

In response to the issue of strong swirl and flow distortion at the inlet of the high-pressure turbine, this paper focuses on the research method of combustor–turbine coupling and conducts relevant research on the aerodynamic flow mechanism of the high-pressure turbine first stage nozzle guide vane (NGV) under different swirl number generated by the swirl generator. The results indicate that the coefficient of total pressure loss (ξ) of the NGV in the non-coupled group increases with the increase in the inlet swirl intensity, while the total pressure loss of the NGV in the coupled group shows a macroscopic decreasing trend with the intensity of swirl generated by the swirl generator. After the swirling flow enters the blade passage, the momentum it carries enables the airflow on the blade surface to obtain a spanwise acceleration, causing significant changes in the intensity and development trend of the secondary flow in the end region. The influence of the swirling flow on the blade surface and the flow field in the end region is remarkable. This study elucidates the development law of swirl generated by the swirl simulator in the combustor and clarifies the migration mode of swirl in the NGV passage and the mechanism of swirl's influence on the flow field of the NGV blade surface and end region.