CREATION OF A MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS CENTER: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kalicheva Natalia , Solomnikov Ivan ,   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kubinsky Anatoly ,   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport
Published: May 2023

The location of the state at the intersection of the main transport arteries between Europe and Asia and between the Scandinavian countries and the Mediterranean region provides unique opportunities for the development of transit, but despite the importance and potential in the field of logistics services, the country's transport capacity is used inefficiently and not at full capacity, infrastructure and services provided to shippers and logistics providers are low by global standards, and logistics costs are quite high. Today, taking into account the constant growth of world trade, the priority direction of the development of the country's transport policy has become the effective use of already existing transport communications under the condition of a favorable geographical location. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth operation of global transport flows, the country needs to create multimodal transport and logistics centers. The development of transport and warehouse logistics is a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency of the movement of goods in domestic and international communication while realizing the transit potential of our country. Currently, a multimodal transport and logistics center is understood as a multifunctional terminal complex, which is located at the nodes of the transport network, performs the functions of a logistics transport and distribution center and ensures the coordination and interaction of various types of transport, the performance of loading and unloading operations and transshipment of goods, short-term and long-term storage, cargo processing, execution of the necessary customs procedures, complex transport and forwarding service, ensuring the delivery of goods to customers using "door-to-door" and "just-in-time" technologies, provides a full range of service and commercial and business services, including production and technical, banking, information, consulting and analytical services and other types of logistics services. At the same time, due to the integration of commodity, information, financial and service flows, the maximum synergistic effect is achieved. It is worth noting that currently in our country, the creation of warehouse complexes is completely in the hands of private entrepreneurship. There is still no state development program. The impossibility of imposing on an entrepreneur the creation of a large multimodal center is associated with significant construction costs and a long payback period, as it involves significant investments in infrastructure. The entrepreneur's decision is influenced only by market demands. And the decrease in production volumes, the unstable political situation, the closure of the eastern border and other factors make the creation of multimodal centers insufficiently in demand. Our country needs urgent measures to improve the level of logistics services, as the industry suffers from low capacity utilization, inadequate infrastructure and high costs. And the developed system of logistics centers makes it possible to reduce supply chains, optimize product flows, and increase the maneuverability of supply. In fact, logistics centers are created in order to solve the problem of delivering goods from the supplier to the consumer in the shortest time and with the lowest financial costs.