bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated by in situ hybridization
Authors: Syrjänen S. M. , Syrjänen K. J. , Happonen R‐P.
Published: April 2006

A series of routinely processed, paraffin‐embedded biopsies from 73 surgically treated oral precancerous lesions (OPL) (22 cases), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (51 cases), was first screened using an in situ DNA hybridization technique with a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA probe cocktail containing the 35S‐labelled DNA of HPV types 6, 11, 13, 16, 18 and 30. The specific HPV types in lesions shown to contain HPV DNA in this procedure were further analysed by using in situ hybridization and the 6 HPV DNA probes separately. A total of 12/73 (16.4%) of the lesions proved to contain HPV DNA; 6/51 (11.8%) carcinomas and 6/21 (28.6%) dysplasias. The most frequent sites of HPV DNA‐positive lesions were palate (4/7; 57%), followed by the floor of the mouth (2/8; 25%), the tongue and gingiva (11.8%). HPV 13 or HPV 30 were not found in any of the lesions studied. HPV 11 DNA was demonstrated in 2 mild dysplasia lesions, but not in carcinomas. One additional mild dysplasia proved to contain HPV 6 DNA. HPV 16 DNA was present in 5 biopsies; 3 carcinomas and 2 dysplasias. In one of the HPV 16‐positive carcinomas, HPV 18 DNA was simultaneously present. HPV 18 alone was found in 3 additional carcinomas and in one moderate dysplasia lesion. The results confirm the recently reported evidence on HPV involvement in OPL and oral cancer. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the possible HPV etiology of oral SCC. The use of the in situ DNA hybridization as a powerful tool (enabling the localization of specific HPV DNA sequences and the proper classification of the lesion at the same site) in the study of routinely processed oral biopsies is strongly advocated.
The proportion of suppressor‐inducer T‐lymphocytes is reduced in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Savage N.W. , Mahanonda R. , Seymour G.J. , Bryson G.J. , Collins R.J.
Published: April 2006

A flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was undertaken in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients. The project aimed at detecting differences within lymphocyte subsets using type‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Peripheral blood samples were taken from RAS patients in both active and remission phases of the disease and from a group of healthy control subjects. There were no statistical differences between the active and remission phases within any of the lymphocyte subsets examined. There was, however, a significant difference between the RAS group and the control group. RAS patients have depressed CD4+ cell numbers and elevated CD8+ cell numbers. The CD4: CDS ratio is also depressed. A dissection of the CD4+ subset shows raised numbers of CD4+, 4B4+ lymphocytes and depressed numbers of CD4+, 2H4+ lymphocytes. Previous studies have shown disruption of peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers in Behcets syndrome. A similar pattern has now been shown in uncomplicated cases of minor RAS.
Laminin: molecular Organization and biological function
Authors: Campbell J. H. , Terranova V. P.
Published: April 2006

Laminin, the most abundant glycoprotein molecule found in basement membrane, has multiple functions in eukaryotic tissues. It serves to attach epithelial cells to basement membrane, aids development and migration of specific cell types in growth and maturation, and has been implicated in tumor metastasis and some types of infection. Current concepts of the molecular organization and myriad functions of the laminin molecule are reviewed.
Reaction of fibroblasts to various dental casting alloys
Authors: Craig R. G. , Hanks C. T.
Published: April 2006

The cytotoxicity of a series of dental casting alloys in the as‐cast and polished condition was determined with cell culture techniques involving phase contrast microscopy to examine cell morphology and the succinic dehydrogenase histochemical reaction to measure any ring of inhibition of Balb/c 3T3 cellular respiration around alloys. Crown and bridge casting alloys and a nickel‐ and a cobalt‐base alloy were biocompatible in the polished condition, but less so in the as‐cast condition. The only two exceptions were casting alloys containing 50–60 wt % Cu. Porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal alloys were biocompatible in either the as‐cast or polished condition. This direct contact method appeared satisfactory for evaluating biocompatibility of dental casting alloys, especially since these materials are in contact with gingival tissues.
Secretor status, candidal carriage and candidal infection in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lamey P.‐J. , Darwaza A. , Fisher B. M. , Samaranayake L. P. , Macfarlane T. W. , Frier B. M.
Published: April 2006

One hundred and nine patients with diabetes mellitus and 100 age‐, sex‐ and denture‐status‐matched, non‐diabetic individuals were investigated prospectively. Comparison was made of oral candidal carriage, clinical infection and inherited ability to secrete blood group antigens in saliva. Diabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of oral candidal carriage and infection (P < 0.001) than non‐diabetic individuals, but the candidal load between the 2 groups, was not significant. A comparable proportion of insulin‐dependent, non‐insulin dependent and control groups were secretors of blood group antigens, and there was no difference in the oral candidal carriage and infection rates between secretors and non‐secretors.
T‐lymphocyte and Langerhans cell distribution in normal and allergically induced oral mucosa in contact with nickel‐containing dental alloys
Authors: van Loon L. A. J. , van Elsas P. W. , Bos J. D. , Ten Harkel‐Hagenaar H. C. , Krieg S. R. , Davidson C. L.
Published: April 2006

An in vivo comparison was made between the contact allergic stomatitis‐inducing capacity of nickel, nickel‐containing dental alloys and a non‐corrosive precious metal. Fifteen patients with a positive allergic skin reaction to nickel were divided into 3 groups (A, B and C). The patients in Group A (n=4) were fitted with an intra‐oral corrosion‐resistant nickel‐chromium Alloy A; the patients of Group B (n=5) received a more corrosion prone nickel‐chromium Alloy B and in Group C (n=6) strongly corroding pure nickel was used. A corrosion‐resistant foil of pure palladium was placed on the contralateral side. Reactivity of pure nickel foil was also tested on the skin in Group C. Immunohistological examination of the oral mucosa on the test and reference sides was performed with monoclonal antibodies directed against T‐lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells (LC). The results showed that at the pure nickel site the LC did increase significantly in the connective tissue (approx. 4×) of the oral mucosa. However, statistical analysis of all 6 patients of Group C together showed no corresponding increase of LC in the epithelium at the site with the pure nickel, although a numerical increase of LC was noted in the epithelium adjacent to the pure nickel foil in 2 patients, which was remarkable. It can be concluded from statistical analysis that both the reference foils and the test foils can influence the number of suppressor/cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes in the connective tissue. The results showed also that pure nickel can cause a strong infiltration of helper/inducer T‐lymphocytes, especially in the connective tissue. This infiltration of T‐lymphocytes and LC was not observed on the reference sides or on the test sides with the nickel‐containing foils in Groups A and B. It could be concluded that neither clinically nor immunohistologically is the presence of high percentages of nickel in the nickel‐containing dental alloys necessarily associated with allergic contact stomatitis in nickel‐allergic patients.
Regional odontodysplasia: a bibliography
Authors: Crawford Peter J.M. , Aldred Michael J.
Published: April 2006

Regional odontodysplasia is a localized disorder of tissues of dental origin resulting in characteristically bizarre clinical and radiographic appearances. It most commonly affects the maxillary anterior teeth of both the permanent and primary dentitions. The authors present a worldwide bibliography of reported cases and discuss the suggested theories regarding the condition's etiology. Although the majority of cases of regional odontodysplasia must be regarded as idiopathic, various developmental anomalies may produce identical changes in the teeth in one or more quadrants. A number of previously reported cases are also reconsidered with regard to their diagnosis and guidelines are suggested for the treatment of patients affected by regional odontodysplasia.
Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV‐negative renal transplant recipient
Authors: Greenspan Deborah , Greenspan John S. , de Souza Yvonne , Levy Jay A. , Ungar Allan M.
Published: April 2006

Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) has been seen exclusively in those infected with HIV or at risk for AIDS. This case report describes an example of HL seen in a renal transplant recipient who was negative for HIV on serology and culture. The diagnosis of HL was confirmed using in situ hybridization for EBV DNA.
Cytokeratin expression of the odontogenic epithelia in dental follicles and developmental cysts
Authors: Gao Z. , Mackenzie I. C. , Cruchley A. T. , Williams D. M. , Leigh I. , Lane E. B.
Published: April 2006

The patterns of cytokeratin expression in the epithelium of 5 dental follicles, 7 dentigcrous cysts, 5 odontogenic keratocysts, 3 nasopalatine cysts and an epidermoid cyst have been studies using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The epithelium of dental follicles and of developmental odontogenic cysts strongly expressed keratins 5 and 19 and showed weaker expression of keratins typical of stratified non‐cornified and of simple epithelia. Staining with mAbs against the latter keratins varied with the degree of epitehlial differentiation. Nasopalatine cysts strongly expressed simple epithelial keratins and the epidermoid cyst strongly expressed a marker of cornification. Odontogenic cysts thus appear to differ in their pattern of keratin expression from other oral developmental cysts and all derivatives of odontogenic epithelia appear to share similar basic patterns of cytokeratin expression.
Primary extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral region
Authors: Takahashi H. , Tsuda N. , Tezuka F. , Okabe H.
Published: April 2006

Seventy cases (47M, 23F) of primary extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral region were studied to determine tumor characteristics. The most frequent disease sites were the palate (21 cases), gingiva (17 cases) and parotid gland (13 cases). Each lymphoma was classified according to the criteria of the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage. Only 5.7% of cases were follicular lymphomas while diffuse lymphomas had a high incidence. Histologic subtypes included small lymphocytic (1%), small cleaved cell (7%), mixed small and large cell (20%), large cell (43%), large cell, immunoblastic (17%), lymphoblastic (9%) and small non‐cleaved cell lymphoma (3%). Immunologic study utilizing the avidin‐biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) technique demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin in 24 (34%) of the suggested B‐cell lymphoma cases; 20 tumors (28%) were classified as T‐cell lymphoma based on a positive reaction for mouse monoclonal antibody (UCHL‐1) to T‐cell related membrane antigen; 11 tumors (16%) contained intracytoplasmic al‐antitrypsin, suggesting true histiocytic lymphoma; 15 tumors (22%) did not contain immunoglobulin, UCHL‐1 or α1‐antitrypsin positive cells and showed no definite characteristics.
Epulides in dogs
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Philipsen Hans P. , Dürr Ulrich‐M.
Published: April 2006

Eighty‐one cases of canine epulides are described clinically and histologically; 73 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory, fibrous hyperplasias of which 37% showed metaplastic bone formation and 22% demonstrated so‐called plexiform epithelial hyperplasia which seems to have no human counterpart. There is no indication that metaplastic bone formation or plexiform epithelial hyperplasia influences the biologic behavior of the lesion. A distinction between these two histologic variants carries no prognostic significance. Six cases of epulides proved to be pyogenic granulomas and two were malignant tumors. It is stressed that the term epulis is non‐specific giving no indication as to the true nature of the lesion.
Psychologic stress and recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Pedersen Anne
Published: April 2006

The present study was undertaken in order to test the hypothesis that psychological stress is a provoking factor in attacks of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). The population consisted of 22 patients (17 women, 5 men; mean age 39 yr, variation 17–69) with minor RAU. Psychologic stress was evaluated by means of the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) and a visual analog scale (VAS). In each subject evaluation took place twice: once in the presence of new ulcer(s) and once in the absence of subjective and objective symptoms of RAU. At both stages, the SRRS scores were obtained on the basis of the preceding 2 wk and, VAS scores on the basis of the preceding week. The results showed no statistically significant differences in neither SRRS nor VAS scores between the two stages. Thus, no association between psychologic life stress and recurrences of RAU could be demonstrated, and it is concluded that more standardized circumstances are needed if any such association should be demonstrated
Human root caries: histopathology of initial lesions in cementum and dentin
Authors: Schüpbach P. , Guggenheim B. , Lutz F.
Published: April 2006

The histopathology of human root caries was examined in extracted teeth by different optical methods. The present part of the study details the sequential stages of initial caries in both cementum and peripheral dentin. Significant differences are shown between the mechanisms operating on the various dental hard tissues during development of caries. Histologically distinguishable reaction patterns depended on both the degree of the cariogenic challenge and the respective structural features of cementum and peripheral dentin. Earliest lesions, histologically visible as small clefts traversing cementum and extending into peripheral dentin, were clinically not detectable. Cementum was stepwise destroyed until peripheral dentin became exposed. The exposed peripheral dentin was sclerosed and tubule‐free. Demineralization of dentin preceded the degradation of the organic matrix. Frequently, a hypermineralized layer occurred in both cementum and exposed dentin. Its localization was not identical with the anatomical surface. Initial penetration of bacteria into peripheral dentin occurred along small clefts. Breakdown of the organic matrix was the final step in the destructive phase of the carious process.
Scoring irradiation mucositis in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Spijkervet F. K. L. , van Saene H. K. F. , Panders A. K. , Vermey A. , Mehta D. M.
Published: April 2006

Irradiation mucositis is defined as an inflammatory‐like process of the oropharyngeal mucosa following therapeutic irradiation of patients who have head and neck cancer. Clinically, it is a serious side effect because severe mucositis can cause generalized problems (weight loss, nasogastric tube feedings) and interferes with the well‐being of the patient seriously. Grading mucositis is important for the evaluation of preventive and therapeutic measures. The object of this study was to develop a scoring method based on local mucositis signs only. Four clinical local signs of mucositis were used in this score: white discoloration, erythema, pseudomembranes and ulceration. Mucositis of the oral cavity was calculated during conventional irradiation protocol for 8 distinguishable areas using the 4 signs and their extent. A prospective evaluation of this method in 15 irradiated head and neck cancer patients displayed an S‐curve reflecting a symptomless first irradiation week, followed by a rapid and steady increase of white discoloration, erythema and pseudomembranes during the second and third week. Oral candidiasis, generalized symptoms such as weight loss and the highest mucositis scores were seen after 3 weeks irradiation. The novel mucositis scoring method may be of value in studying the effect of hygiene programs, topical application of disinfectans or antibiotics on oral mucositis.
Quantification and distribution of lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in normal human oral mucosa and skin
Authors: van Loon L. A. J. , Krieg S. R. , Davidson C. L. , Bos J. D.
Published: April 2006

Normal human oral (cheek) mucosa was studied to discover whether the oral cavity resembles the Mucosal Immune System (MIS) or the Skin Immune System (SIS). Immunophenotypes of lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells (LC) with their exact locations in the epithelium and papillary layer of the normal buccal mucosa were determined and compared with data of normal human skin. In a double staining procedure, the distribution of T‐lymphocytes in relation to blood and lymph vessels was determined. Immunophenotyping of LC was done with a CD la monoclonal antibody. In contrast to the skin, T‐lymphocytes in buccal mucosa are not primarily perivascular in location. They are more or less randomly distributed on both sides of the basement membrane. The epithelium of the buccal mucosa contains about 37 times as many T‐lymphocytes as the epidermis of normal skin. T‐cell numbers in the papillary layer are more or less comparable. The CD4/CD8 ratios of about 1/2 in the epithelium of buccal mucosa and 1/4 in the skin indicates preferential presence of the CDS subset in both sites, but the helper/inducer T‐lymphocytes play a much greater role in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa when compared with skin. B‐lymphocytes were not found in the epithelium and papillary layer of the buccal mucosa. Thus, immune response associated cells in buccal mucosa do not show the MIS pattern since B cells are absent. It has more in common with SIS but differences are also apparent. In the epithelium of the buccal mucosa the density of LC does not differ significantly from that of the skin, but the papillary layer of the buccal mucosa contains significantly fewer LC than the skin. As in the skin most of the LC of the buccal mucosa are found in the epithelium.
Changing incidence of cancer of the tongue, oral cavity, and pharynx in Denmark
Authors: Møller Henrik
Published: April 2006

The present paper describes the trend in incidence of oral and pharyngeal carcinomas in Denmark in the period 1943–1985, and provides an illustration of the effect of birth cohort on the overall trend. The results are discussed in relation to changes in consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco, and to changes in dietary habits in this century. The incidence of these cancers appear to be increasing rapidly in response to the increasing level of alcohol consumption in Denmark.
Oral carriage of Candida species and coliforms in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Samaranayake L. P. , Lamb A. B. , Lamey P.‐J. , MacFarlane T. W.
Published: April 2006

The oral carriage of Candida species and coliforms in a healthy adult population and a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) was investigated. The intra‐oral prevalence of Candida species and coliforms was higher in the BMS group compared with the controls. The most frequent yeast isolated from the BMS group was Candida albicans while Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were the most prevalent coliforms. The possible reasons and the significance of the above findings are discussed.
Awareness and acceptance of the hepatitis B vaccine by dental practitioners in Malaysia
Authors: Yaacob H. B. , Samaranayake L. P.
Published: April 2006

A postal survey of 730 Malaysian dental practitioners was undertaken to assess their awareness and acceptance of the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Only 32% of the 325 practitioners who responded had been vaccinated, 41% intended to be and 15% categorically refused vaccination. The main reservations about vaccine acceptance were fear of side effects including AIDS, cost of the vaccine and lack of information. Vaccine efficacy was not confirmed by serology in two‐thirds of the vaccinees and two‐fifths of the respondents were unaware that 5% of the vaccinees do not develop a successful antibody response after vaccination. Seventy‐eight percent of dentists believed that their risk of contracting hepatitis B was high or very high while 71% recalled having received needle stick injuries in the 3 yr prior to the survey. Only 13% of respondents were aware of delta hepatitis while 63% were aware of non‐A non‐B hepatitis. The survey has highlighted the need for dissemination of information on hepatitis B vaccine among dentists in Malayasia.
Cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth in beagle dogs
Authors: Seibel W. , Yahia N. A. , McCleary L. B. , Lesko L. J. , Hassell T. M.
Published: April 2006

Development of gingival overgrowth during daily long‐term cyclosporine A treatment was studied in 2‐yr‐old beagles. Gingival enlargement developed in five of 12 dogs (42%), primarily in the mandibular anterior area. The earliest gingival changes occurred by 3 wk as an increase in the size of the interdental papillae. The lesions progressively became more severe, in some cases obscuring portions of teeth by wk 6. The redundant tissue exhibited an increase in connective tissue components and an inflammatory infiltrate primarily of plasma cells. Severity of the overgrowth varied in responding animals; both incidence and severity were related to the CSA concentration in blood. The mean CSA blood levels of responders were significantly greater than nonresponders at wk 3, 6 and 10. Since beagles develop gingival overgrowth similar to humans, they provide an excellent model to investigate the roles of local and systemic factors in the induction of gingival overgrowth.
Fluorescence microscopy of DES‐induced morphologic transformation in unfixed, cultured cells
Authors: Petcharuttana Y. , Cutter G.R. , Weeks R. G. , Lorincz A. E.
Published: April 2006

Cultured baby Syrian hamster kidney cells (BHK 21), synchronized with hydroxyurea (HU), were treated with varying amounts of the carcinogen diethylstilbestrol (DBS) during the first mitosis. DES‐induced morphologic transformation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange, supravitally stained cells. Traditional karyotyping techniques were used to monitor DES‐induced aneuploidy in parallel cell cultures. A total of 618 photomicrographs were obtained by systematic manual scanning of three replicate experiments each using three different DBS treatment levels and a no DES control. These photomicrographs were randomized and graded blind by three independent observers. Each photomicrograph was graded for cellular morphologic transformation and a judgement as to whether DES treatment had been used. A definite dose‐response relationship for both morphologic transformation, as well as for aneuploidy was observed. These findings portend a significance for use of fluorescence microscopy of morphologic transformation of unfixed supravitally stained mammalian cells, for the rapid assessment (24 h or less) of compounds that promote aneuploidization and carcinogenesis.
Giant ossifying fibroma: a clinicopathologic study of 8 tumors
Authors: van Heerden W. F. P. , Raubenheimer E. J. , Weir R. G. , Kreidler J.
Published: April 2006

Clinical, radiographic and microscopic features of 8 ossifying fibromas diagnosed in 7 patients and measuring more than 8 cm in greatest diameter, were reviewed. The tumors occured in both juvenile and middle aged patients and all lesions in women involved the maxilla. The abundance of fibrous connective tissue and resorption of mineralized deposits are indicative of altered cellular differentiation and proliferative activities in large ossifying fibromas. Focal areas of aneurysmal bone cyst formation were identified in the majority of lesions.
Regional variation in Langerhans cell distribution and density in normal human oral mucosa determined using monoclonal antibodies against CD1, HLADR, HLADQ and HLADP
Authors: Cruchley A.T. , Williams D.M. , Farthing P.M. , Lesch C.A. , Squier C.A.
Published: April 2006

The distribution, density and activation of Langerhans cells (LC) has been established in biopsies of normal human buccal mucosa, hard palate, lateral border and dorsum of tongue, floor of mouth and lip taken from sudden death post mortems. LC were identified in cryostat sections with monoclonal antibodies agains CD1, Hladr, Hladq and Hladp using an immuno‐alkaline phosphatase technique. The use of post mortem material was validated by comparison with biopsies taken from volunteers. LC were predominantly situated in the basal and immediately suprabasal layers of the epithelium. In floor of mouth, lip, lateral border and dorsum of tongue the cells were found along the length of the epithelium. In buccal mucosa, although LC showed fundamentally a similar distribution, a tendency to cluster around the connective tissue papillae was also noted. In hard palate LC were found parallel to the surface in the mid zone of the epithelium. No evidence of LC free areas was found. Dorsum of tongue had the highest density of LC per mm epithelial surface length (28.3 cells per mm) which was significantly greater (F<0.05) than buccal mucosa (25.2) which in turn had signficantly more cells (P<0.05) than lip (22.4). The lowest density of LC was found in lateral border of tongue (17.6), hard palate (17.6) and floor of mouth (16.7). These sites had significantly fewer cells than lip, buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue (P<0.05). Class II MHC molecules are necessary for antigen presentation and in all sites except buccal mucosa there was no significant difference between the number of cells expressing GDI, HLADR, HLADQ and HLADP. In buccal mucosa there were no differences between CD1, HLADR and HLADQ expression but significantly fewer cells expressed HLADP (P< 0.005). The results indicate that although there are regional differences in LC distribution and density, normal oral mucosal LC may be capable of acting as fully functional and efficient antigen presenting cells.
Adult benign granular cell tumor of the maxilla
Authors: Salman Richard A. , Leonetti Joseph A. , Salman Lawrence , Chaudhry Anand P.
Published: April 2006

A granular cell tumor occurred in the right anterior maxilla of a 22‐yr‐old black man. It involved the right labial maxillary submucosa and the underlying bone. It also invaded the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity on the same side. The ultrastructural features of the lesion confirmed the biopsy diagnosis of benign granular cell tumor. The treatment involved partial maxillectomy, split thickness skin graft and immediate dental prosthesis.
T lymphocytes, Langerhans cells and HLA‐DR expression on keratinocytes in oral lesions associated with amalgam restorations
Authors: Bolewska Jolanta , Reibel Jesper
Published: April 2006

It has been shown recently that patients with mucosal lesions confined to areas opposing amalgam restorations (contact lesions) show a high rate of allergic reaction towards mercury. These lesions may, therefore, represent a contact hypersensitivity reaction. Contact lesions often have a lichenoid appearance. From a pathogenetic and differential diagnostic point of view we therefore evaluated the presence of lymphocyte subpopulations, Langerhans cells (LC) and the expression of HLA‐DR antigens on mucosal keratinocytes in biopsies of contact lesions (Group 1) and in lichen planus lesions with (Group 2) and without (Group 3) partial contact with amalgam restorations. T lymphocytes dominated in all three groups and LC counts were similar. HLA‐DR positive keratinocytes were found in 18–36% of lesions in all three groups. Thus, the immunologic parameters examined are not of value in discriminating between the types of lesions studied. Rather, it seems that the pattern observed is a common reaction of the oral mucosa to known (amalgam restorations) and unknown factors.
Histoplasmosis presenting as hyperplastic gingival lesion
Authors: Loh Fun‐chee , Yeo Jinn‐fei , Tan Wan‐cheng , Kumarasinghe Gamini
Published: April 2006

A case of histoplasmosis presenting as ulcerated, hyperplastic gingiva and with no other systematic signs and symptoms is reported. The clinical presentation and the rarity of this condition led one of us to the differential diagnosis of a malignant lesion. The correct diagnosis was made after histological examination and tissue culture which yielded Histoplosma capsulatum. The patient was successfully treated with ketoconazole.
Monocyte/macrophage functions in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Murali P. S. , Somasundaram R. , Chiplunkar S. V. , Fakih A. R. , Rao R. S. , Gangal S. G.
Published: April 2006

Peripheral blood monocytes and draining lympnode macrophages from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, monocytes from patients with oral leukoplakia and those from healthy donors were assessed for FcR, HLA‐DR expression and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) production after activation with LPS or IFNγ. Monocyte cytotoxicity was also tested after activation with LPS, IFNγ, IL‐2 singly, or in combinations at suboptimal concentrations. The results showed that the percentage of activated monocytes expressing FcR was significantly low in untreated oral cancer patients, however, the proportion of HLA‐DR positive cells was normal. The unstimulated monocytes from oral cancer patients showed spontaneous generation of IL‐1. Upon activation, few patients could produce IL‐1 to normal levels. The unstimulated monocytes from untreated patients and treated patients with recurrence also exhibit significantly higher tumoricidal activity. Treatment of monocytes with combinations of two modulators (IFNγ, LPS and IL‐2) induced significantly higher cytotoxicity.
A postmortem study of senile amyloidosis of the tongue
Authors: Birman E.G. , Coelho H.
Published: April 2006

In a postmortem study, the authors examined 50 tongue specimens from old people, in order to detect amyloid deposits. No single case could be detected.
Perivascular hyaline deposits in inflamed gingival tissues
Authors: Zoellner Hans , Hunter Neil
Published: April 2006

A perivascular hyaline material (PHyM) was found in gingival biopsies from patients with periodontitis, gingivitis and minimally inflamed gingiva. PHyM was found only in association with the sulcular or pocket epithelium. The extent and frequency of the deposits was quantitatively associated with inflammation of the gingival tissues, as well as with the apical region of periodontal pockets. Evidence for angiogenesis was found in association with the deposition of PHyM. The ultrastructure of the PHyM indicated that the material, which was of an amorphous hyaline appearance at the light microscope level, was composed of multiple basal lamina impregnated with irregular collagen fibrils, fine fibrils and cellular debris. The basal lamina material was degraded at many sites. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the abundance of type IV collagen, supporting the basal lamina origin for PHyM. It is proposed that the deposition of the hyaline matrix is related to the effect of angiogenic and injurious agents on the vascular endothelium. PHyM could contribute to the development of periodontitis by impairing the emigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the gingival sulcus.
Expression of CDw29 and CD45R antigens on epithelial cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Walsh LJ , Tseng PW , Savage NW , Seymour GJ
Published: April 2006

The CD45R and CDw29 antigens are expressed on naive and primed helper T cell populations which serve suppressor‐inducer or helper‐inducer functions, respectively. These antigens may also be expressed on epithelial cell subpopulations. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies reacting with T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells (LC) were used to characterize the expression of CD45R and CDw29 antigens in oral lichen planus. CDw29 was expressed by LC and lymphocytic cells whereas keratinocyte reactivity varied from negative through to full thickness staining. Expression of CD45R was confined to intraepithelial cells with either lymphocytic or dendritic morphology. A relatively constant ratio of CDla+ LC to CD45R+ cells (2 : 1) was seen. These results demonstrate the existence of intraepithelial cells expressing antigens which are functionally important in T cell responses and which may provide local immunoregulatory influences.
Two different human papillomavirus (HPV) types associated with oral mucosal lesions in an HIV‐seropositive man
Authors: Syrjänen Stina , von Krogh Geo , Kellokoski Jari , Syrjänen Kari
Published: April 2006

Different types of Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with a variety of oral lesions. So far, HPV types 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 16, 18, 32 and 57 have been identified in oral lesions. Immunosuppression predisposes oral mucosa to clinical manifestations of different virus infections including HPV. We describe here a 30‐year‐old HIV‐positive and immunosuppressed man, who had suffered from oral lesions for a few months. On clinical examination, a nodular elevation was detected on the lower lip, and white keratotic areas were present on buccal mucosa bilaterally. A biopsy from the lip revealed the presence of acanthosis with a prominent granular cell layer as well as hypcrparakeratosis. A biopsy from the buccal lesion showed a comparatively much flatter lesion with merely basal cell hypcrplasia associated with hyperparakeratosis. Koilocytosis was a characteristic feature in both biopsies. In Southern blot hybridization, both lesions hybridized with a probe cocktail comprising HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 DNA under low stringency. Under high stringency, the lip lesion proved to contain HPV 7 DNA, which also confirmed by in situ hybridization. The buccal lesion was weakly positive by Southern blot with HPV 11 and 13 probes hybridized under stringent conditions, but the restriction patterns with Pst I and Bam HI did not fit with those of any of the 57 HPV types known so far. In situ hybridizations with HPV 11 and HPV 13 probes were negative. Cloning of this‘new’HPV type is currently under way.
Comparison of cytokeratin, filaggrin and involucrin profiles in oral leukoplakias and squamous carcinomas
Authors: Vigneswaran N. , Peters K‐P. , Hornstein O.P. , Haneke E.
Published: April 2006

As the distribution pattern of cytokeratin (CK), filaggrin and involucrin has recently been suggested to discriminate between benign and malignant epithelial growths, biopsies of healthy oral mucosa, leukoplakias without and with dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas were examined immunohistochemically using a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies (AB) against different cytokeratin polypcptides (34βE12, KL1 and Pkk1) and filaggrin as well as a polyclonal AB to involucrin. Major and statistically significant differences were observed in the profiles of CKs (except Pkk1), filaggrin and involucrin between leukoplakias without and with epithelial dysplasia. However, the alteration in the expression of CKs, filaggrin and involucrin proved to be not a constant feature in leukoplakias with dysplasia as a considerable portion (20–25%) of them revealed the profiles of CKs, filaggrin and involucrin similar to those of benign leukoplakias, and vice versa. Immunostaining of these antigens did not define the diagnosis of dysplasia in leukoplakias more precisely than grading in conventional histology can do so far. However, immunohistochemical sensitivity in detecting a broad range of variation in the abnormal maturation patterns of keratinocytes in leukoplakias with dysplasia can be used to divide these lesions into subgroups to elucidate their prognosis in follow‐up studies.
Oral hairy leukoplakia: observations in 95 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Langford Angelika , Gelderblom Hans R. , Pohle Hans‐Dieter , Becker Jürgen , Wolf Hans
Published: April 2006

Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) was observed in 25.4% of 373 HIV‐seropositive patients (n= 95). 87 were men of an average age of 37.1 yr, 8 were women (30.3 yr). 71.6% of the patients were male homosexuals. At initial diagnosis of HL the majority of cases was classified as CDC IVc1 (45.3%) and CDC II (22.1%). Average CD4/CD8 ratio (n= 19) was 0.24 with a range of 0.04–1.0. Thirty biopsies of HL revealed some of the histologic features thought to be characteristic. In only 20 of 30 biopsies EB‐virus‐specific‐capsid antigen was detected. The problems of clinical and histological diagnosis of HL are discussed. Further strict criteria are necessary in order to define HL more distinctly.
Immunohistochemical localization of c‐myc oncogene product and EGF receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sakai Hidetaka , Kawano Kenji , Okamura Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Norizo
Published: April 2006

Subcellular distribution of c‐myc oncogene product and EGF receptor in oral squamous cell carcinomas was examined by using immunohistochemical method. Immunohistochemy for c‐myc oncogene showed three staining patterns. Reactive products were demonstrable in the nucleus, in the perinuclear cytoplasm with granular appearance and in the entire cytoplasm. Concomitant stainings of each reactive pattern were observed. Occasionally, the reactive product was strongly deposited on the chromatin under mitotic phase. EGF receptor positive cases were found in only 4 of 28 cases. Though reactive products were usually found in the cytoplasm, the cell surface staining was detected in the only one case. In this case, cells under mitotic phase were strongly stained. The fact that the strong staining both of c‐myc and EGF receptor in cells under mitotic phase suggested the close relation between the expression of these genes and the proliferation of carcinoma cells.
Further ultrastructural findings in epithelial cells of hairy leukoplakia
Authors: El‐Labban N. , Pindborg J. J. , Rindum J. , Nielsen H.
Published: April 2006

Epstein‐Barr virus and multivesicular structures appearing in lesions of hairy leukoplakia have been examined ultrastructurally in serial sections. It was found that both structures probably represent various levels of sectioning of transversely cut cell processes. The so‐called viral nucleocapsid having a single membrane results when the plane of section is at right angles to one of the membranes but tangential to the other. While the so‐called viral particle having two membranes would result if the plane of section is perpendicular to both the membranes of adjacent cells. The internal electron‐dense core probably represents filaments enclosed within these processes and therefore does not represent DNA nucleotides. In addition, these nuclei contained bundles of filaments which probably represented tonofilaments. This was found to be due to tangential sectioning of the nuclear membrane surrounding deep cytoplasmic invaginations which led to the appearance of these filaments as if free within the nucleus.
Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in severe periodontal disease: role of T and B cells
Authors: Amer A. , Singh G. , Darke C. , Dolby A. E.
Published: April 2006

Spontaneous proliferation of T cells, B cells and unseparated lymphocytes was studied in patients with severe periodontal disease and control subjects. In the patient group only, spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation was reduced, whereas B cell proliferation was enhanced. The findings offer further support for the existence of a disturbance in immune regulation in patients with severe periodontal disease.
A comparative stereologic and ultrastructural study of blood vessels in odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts
Authors: El‐Labban N. G. , Aghabeigi B.
Published: April 2006

Blood vessels were investigated both stereologically and ultrastructurally in keratocyst and dentigerous cyst. The volume and surface densities of blood vessels in 15 keratocysts and dentigerous cysts were analyzed stereologically. No significant differences were found between them using these parameters, suggesting that their overall vascularity may be similar. However, the ultrastructural study showed marked differences between blood vessels in these two types of cysts. It was observed that fenestrated capillaries were found only in kertocysts. In addition, degeneration of endothelial lining associated with thrombosis was also a prominent feature of this cyst. While ruptured endothelium, narrow lumen and Weibel‐Palade bodies were characteristic of vessels in dentigerous cyst. The presence of fenestrated capillaries in keratocyst and not in dentigerous cyst might indicate a rapid transfer of fluid to meet the demand of the relatively active proliferating epithelium, which may be promoted by growth factors released from platelets in those thrombosed vessels.
Cellular immunosuppression in oral lichen planus
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Yoneda Kazunori , Ueta Eisaku , Osaki Tokio
Published: April 2006

Functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils from 30 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients were examined using healthy persons as controls. Two‐color flow cytometry of lymphocytes revealed no proportional difference in CD3 or CD4 cells between OLP and controls. CD8CD 11b (suppressor T) and CDSHLA‐DR+ cell populations increased significantly in OLP when compared with controls, and, CD4/CD8 cell ratio decreased in OLP. Mitogenic response of patients' CD8 and CD4Leu8‐ cells was similar to that in controls. However, weaker blastogenesis of CD4Leu8+ cells, the most excellent responders in T cell subsets, was observed in OLP. Serum IFNβ level in OLP (8.4±4.8 IU/ml) was significantly lower than in controls (13.7±5.0 IU/ml) whereas no difference between the two groups could be found in IFNα or γ. As for in vitro cytokine production by IL‐2‐stimulated lymphocytes, there was no difference in GM‐CSF generation between the two groups, but, IFNγ and IL1β production of patients' lymphocytes was less than that in healthy donors (57.6 ± 50.7 VS 78.7 ± 39.6 u/ml. 152.3 ± 93.5 VS 258.7 ± 65.4 pg/ml, respectively). Moreover, superoxide generation of patients' neutrophils by PMA stimulation was significantly insufficient as compared with controls' (84.9±30.9 VS 110.8±24.1 pmol/min/104 cells). Nevertheless, natural killer cell activities of both groups distributed in the same range. These results suggest that OLP patients' lymphocyte and neutrophil functions are impaired, and that cellular immunosuppression is a pathologic characteristic of OLP.
Epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic value of HIV‐1 related oral lesions
Authors: Moniaci D. , Greco D. , Flecchia G. , Raiteri R. , Sinicco A.
Published: April 2006

Between February 1987 and February 1990, we studied 737 antibody anti HIV‐1 positive (AbHIV +) subjects referred to the Infectious Diseases Institute of the University of Turin (Italy) in order to evaluate types, prevalences, relations with clinical stages, distributions in risk‐groups and prognostic significances of HIV‐1 related oral lesions. The study evidenced the high prevalence of oral lesions, especially mycoses, in the investigated population: 40.3% of the patients showed, in fact, HIV‐1 related oral lesions. The 37 months follow‐up of 55 AbHIV+ with oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) and 101 patients with oral candidiasis (OC), demonstrated that the probability of developing AIDS in patient with HL was 0.381 at 15, 0.635 at 25 and 0.824 at 37 months. In the patients with OC the probability was 0.294 at 15 months, 0.524 at 25 and 0.781 at 37 months.
Oral lesions in Mexican HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Ramirez V. , González A. , de la Rosa E. , González M. , Rivera I. , Hernández C. , de León S. Ponce
Published: April 2006

One hundred and twenty‐five HIV‐infected patients, of whom 49 (39%) were at early stages of the infection (CDC‐II & III) and 76 (61%) in CDC IV, were prospectively examined. In 100 (80%) one or more oral mucosal lesions were observed; candidiasis (51%) and hairy leukoplakia (43%) were the commonest. Erythematous candidiasis was more often seen (35%) than the pseudomembranous type (16%), and appeared with the higher values at early than later stages. The prevalence of hairy leukoplakia, oral hyperpigmentation and xerostomia were incremented in groups CDC‐IV. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and exfoliative cheilitis increased significantly with severity of disease. Our study demonstrates that oral alterations associated to HIV are a frequent finding, both at early (76%) and late (83%) stages of the infection in Mexican patients.
Immunohistochemical study of congenital gingival granular cell tumor (congenital epulis)
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Fujita Shuichi , Satoh Hideto , Okabe Haruo
Published: April 2006

The congenital gingival granular cell tumor (CGGT) or congenital epulis is a rare lesion of unknown origin found only in newborn infants. The tumor consists mainly of large eosinophilic granular cells arranged in solid nests that are separated by thin fibrovascular areas. In addition, there are some spindle‐shaped cells and medium‐sized polygonal cells (so‐called interstitial cells) among the neoplastic granular cells. Three CGGTs were investigated with a panel of poly‐ and monoclonal antibodies, using immunoperoxidase methods on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. Neoplastic granular cells of these three cases show cytoplasmic staining for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and vimentin. However, all other reactions were negative. Our results suggest that the lesion may be derived from uncommitted nerve‐related mesenchymal cells. On the other hand, interstitial cells show strong S‐100 protein‐, cytokeratin‐, vimentin‐, and NSE‐immunostainings, and these cells are consistent with neuroendocrine nature. The presence of a biphasic cell population with granular cells and interstitial cells must be considered the main immunohistochemical feature.
Prevention of experimental cancer and immunostimulation by vitamin E (immunosurveillance)
Authors: Shklar Gerald , Schwartz Joel L. , Trickler Diane P. , Reid Susan
Published: April 2006

Eighty young adult male Syrian hamsters were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 animals had the right buccal pouches painted with a 0.1 % solution of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) three times per wk for 28 wk. Group 2 animals were similarly painted with DMBA for 28 wk but were also given 140 μg vitamin E in 0.4 ml mineral oil three times weekly on days alternate to DMBA painting. Group 3 animals were used as DMBA‐vehicle controls. Group 4 animals were vitamin E controls. Animals were killed after 28 wk, the pouches photographed and tumors counted, measured. The pouches were fixed in formalin, sectioned in paraffin and studied histologically and histochemically for tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. All animals in Group 1 and 3 had gross tumors of the right buccal pouch. None of the animals in Group 2 had grossly visible tumors. Microscopic studies revealed that, while no gross tumors were seen in the Group 2 animals, there was histologic evidence of dysplasia and early carcinoma‐in‐situ undergoing degeneration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a dense infiltrate of mononuclear cells adjacent to tumor sites with a large number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages. Vitamin E appears to prevent tumor formation by stimulating a potent immune response to selectively destroy tumor cells as they begin to develop into recognizable microscopic foci of carcinoma.