bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unusual presentation of hydatid cyst in anterior abdominal wall
Authors: Srivastava P , Gangopadhyay AN , Upadhyaya VD , Sharma SP , Jaiman R
Published: April 2009

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of the cestode worm Echinococcus. The most commonly encountered form of the disease is visceral hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus or dog tapeworm. Muscular involvement has been reported in only 3-4% cases. We are reporting this case because of its rarity, difficulty to diagnose clinically, dramatic response to medical treatment and to alert the reader of this rare infestation so that open biopsy will be avoided. Key words: Hydatid cyst, parietal wall, medical treatment doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1746     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 511-513
Retrograde intubation: An alternative way for the management of difficult airway
Authors: Lama P , Shrestha BR
Published: April 2009

Inserting a retrograde wire into the pharynx through a cricothyroid puncture can facilitate tracheal intubation in difficult situations where either a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope or an expert user of such a device is not available. Even in cases when fibropric can not be negotiated for the purpose,this method has been claimed to be useful to manage the airway. Some mouth opening is essential for the oral or nasal retrieval of the wire from the pharynx. Here, a case of post mandibular reconstructed wound infection required surgical debridement and plate removal from reconstructed lower mandible under general anesthesia. We retrieved the guide wire passed through a cricothyroid puncture and subsequently accomplished wire-guided oro-tracheal intubation. In the absence of a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope, this technique is a very useful aid to intubate patients with limited mouth opening. Key words: cricothyrotomy, guide wire, retrograde endotracheal intubation (REI), surgery. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1748     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 516-519
Community participation in health: A brief review and the experience of Kathmandu Medical College with the Duwakot community
Authors: Vaidya A , Pradhan B
Published: April 2009

One of the principles of Primary Health Care (PHC), Community Participation is a process through which the stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them. It is a complex issue that has been studied widely and continues to be of great interest among community health workers. This paper presents a brief review of various aspects of community participation. It then illustrates how it is practiced at Duwakot Community Hospital, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur, Nepal in collaboration with the local community. Key words: Primary Health Care, Community Participation doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1750     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 526-532
Editorial decision on article
Authors: Committee Editorial
Published: April 2009

doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1752     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 536
Regarding the article “Irrational fixed dose combinations in Nepal: Need for intervention” (KUMJ, Vol 6, No. 3, Issue 23, p. 399-405)
Authors: Poudel A , Khanal S , Alam K , Palaian S
Published: April 2009

doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1753     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 537-538
Medical education: Historical perspective
Authors: Dixit H
Published: April 2009

doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1754     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 1
A comparative study of early vs. delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yadav RP , Adhikary S , Agrawal CS , Bhattarai B , Gupta RK , Ghimire A
Published: April 2009

Aims and Objectives: To compare the outcome in early vs. delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of frequency of intra-operative and postoperative complications and to determine the rate and reasons for conversion. Materials and methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed in the Department of Surgery at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences from February 2003 to June 2004 in all patients with the diagnosis of acute calculus cholecystitis. Results: Out of 145 cases, 50 cases were included in our study where 12 (24%) patients were males and 38 (76%) were females (M:F=1:3.16). The mean (SD) age of patients in early and delayed groups were 42.68 yrs. (14.18) and 40.26 yrs. (11.62) respectively. The mean (SD) duration of symptoms in early successful and converted groups were 109.24 hrs. (43.66) and 132 hrs. (49.96) respectively and the mean (SD) duration of symptoms in delayed successful and converted groups were 15.36 months (13.88) and 41 months (40.73) respectively. In early group, 17 (68%) patients had total leukocyte count more than 10,000/cmm and they had ultrasound findings suggestive of acute cholecystitis. Out of 25 patients in early group, seven had jaundice and ten had deranged liver function in the preoperative period. In early group 4 (16%) patients; and in delayed group 3 (12%) had to be converted to open cholecystectomy (P=1.00). In early group 10 (40%) and in delayed 5 (20 %) cases had intra-operative complications (P=0.122). The total hospital stay was longer in the delayed group. The postoperative hospital stay in early and delayed converted groups were higher than early and delayed successful group (P=0.081, P=0.082). Conclusion: Both early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy is possible and safe in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Key words: Acute cholecystitis, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Conversion doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1759       Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 16-20
Causes of vision impairment and assessment of need for low vision services for students of blind schools in Nepal
Authors: Kansakar I , Thapa HB , Salma KC , Ganguly S , Kandel RP , Rajasekaran S
Published: April 2009

Background: The present study is first of its kind to evaluate causes of visual impairment of blind students in Nepal and assess their need for low vision rehabilitation services. Aim: To evaluate causes of vision impairment of students enrolled in blind schools in Nepal and assess the need for low vision rehabilitation services in these students. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in 12 blind schools in Nepal, which were registered with Nepal Association for Welfare of Blindness (NAWB).It was conducted by a team of an ophthalmologist and an optometrist, by using standard eye examination protocols of the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Program (WHO/ PBL). Results: Of the 345 students enrolled in 12 schools, 285 students were examined (response rate of 82.61%). The students were in the 5 - 29 years age group. Nearly three-fourth of the children had become blind within one year of age and 52.3% visually impaired at birth and 20.7% developed vision impairment within one year of age. After refraction, 26 students (9.12%) had mild visual impairment, 21 students (7.37%) had severe visual impairment and 238 students (83.51%) were blind. The main cause of vision impairment was found to be corneal 35.79% and retina diseases, mainly dystrophy, 20.35% followed by problems with the whole globe, lens and optic nerve, accounting for 13.33%, 12.63% and 12.98% respectively. The major etiological factors were those of childhood such as Vitamin A deficiency, measles and similar causes (42.11%) followed by hereditary causes (25.26%). Of the total students examined, 48.07% were visually impaired due to preventable causes and 16.14% treatable aggregating to 64.21% of avoidable blindness. Fifty seven (28.22%) students could read smaller than 2 M print size after low vision assessment for near and 33(15.78%) students benefited with telescopic trial for distance low vision. Conclusion: In Nepal, renewed focus on providing best possible quality of life for visually impaired children by proper low vision assessment and eye health education focusing on, general public and community health workers, with governmental and institutional support is required to achieve Vision 2020 objectives to decrease childhood blindness. Key words: childhood blindness, Nepal, blind school study, low vision, vision impairment    doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1764       Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 44-49
Intraperitoneal and periportal injection of bupivacaine for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Maharjan SK , Shrestha S
Published: April 2009

Purpose: to study the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal and periportal injection of bupivacaine following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups of 20 each. Group A (study group) received 40 ml of intraperitoneal injection of 0.25% bupivacaine and 20 ml of same concentration in 4 ports, 5 ml each at the end of surgery. Group B (control) received no treatment. Post operative patient monitoring and pain assessment was done by another doctor blinded to the procedure using VAS score at 1,2,3,6,9 and 24 hours after surgery. Pethidine 50 mg intramuscular was given as rescue analgesic when demanded by patient within first 24 hours. Results: when VAS score was analyzed in the two groups, the study group had less scores compared to control group though it was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). The rescue analgesic requirement was significantly less in study group (p < 0.00). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal and periportal injection of bupivacaine is effective in decreasing pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Key words: Laparoscopic surgery, intraperitoneal bupivacaine, analgesia, VAS score     doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1765       Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 50-53
Study on the refractive errors of school going children of Pokhara city in Nepal
Authors: Niroula DR , Saha CG
Published: April 2009

Objectives: Refractive errors are the one of the most common visual disorders found worldwide in school going children and it is also one of the causes of blindness. It can easily be prevented, if timely proper measures are taken. In Kathmandu valley and Mechi Zone of Nepal, the distribution of refractive errors was found to be very high. No records are available from the Western part of Nepal. Considering the importance of the refractive errors the present study had been undertaken in Pokhara city. Materials and methods: Nine hundred and sixty four subjects (474 boys, 490 girls) were selected between age groups 10 to 19 years from six schools representing different region of Pokhara. After Preliminary examination: on acuity of vision with Snellen's and Jaeger's charts, the subjects were referred to the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara for confirmation of the refractive errors. Results: Sixty two schools children (6.43%), out of 964 had refractive errors. Myopia was found to be most common (4.05%). The refractive errors were found more in Private school children (9.29%) than Government school children (4.23%), which is statistically significant (P < 0.05). More boys (7.59%) were found to have suffered from refractive errors than girls (5.31%). Further, children with vegetarian diet (10.52%) had greater number of refractive errors than non-vegetarian diet children (6.17%). Conclusion: In the present study, percentage distribution of myopia was found to be higher (4.05%) than the hyperopia (1.24%) and astigmatism (1.14%). Interestingly, in the present study the refractive errors were found significantly higher in Private schools children than Government schools because the children who read in Private schools have higher socioeconomic status; spend more time in home work, watching Television and Computer as compared to government schools children. These near activities of the eyes causes stress on eyes of the children and might be one of the causes of developing myopia. Key words: Refractive errors, Nepal, Myopia, Hyperopia doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1769 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 67-72
Unresolved abdominal mass
Authors: Shrestha B , Baidya JL
Published: April 2009

A case of huge enhancing solid mass in the abdomen observed in 30 years old gentlemen is reported. Patient was worked up and managed conservatively outside valley with the provisional diagnosis of an appendicular lump. When examined, he was found to have huge intra abdominal mass. Interestingly when the genitalia was examined he was found to have underdeveloped empty scrotum without testes in it which he was yet not bothered. This simple examination gave us a straight clue to come up with the diagnosis of malignancy in undescended testes. Laparotomy was performed and the mass was excised. After 6 weeks postoperatively he was subjected for the chemotherapy. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy CT scan showed complete disappearance of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and serum tumor markers have come down to normal level. Key words: Germ cell tumor (GCT), Seminoma, Non seminomatous germ cell tumor, (NSGCT), Cryptorchidism, Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (BHCG), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1773 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 82-85
Anterior clinoidal meningiomas: functional outcome after microsurgical resection in a consecutive series of 106 patients
Authors: Bassiouni Hischam , Asgari Siamak , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Seifert Volker , Stolke Dietmar , Marquardt Gerhard
Published: April 2009

Object

In this study, the authors' goal was to analyze a series of patients treated microsurgically for an anterior clinoid process (ACP) meningioma in regard to long-term functional outcome.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical data in a consecutive series of 106 patients who underwent microsurgical treatment for an ACP meningioma at 2 neurosurgical institutions between 1987 and 2005. The main presenting symptoms of the 84 female and 22 male patients (mean age 56 years) were visual impairment in 54% and headache in 28%. Physical examination revealed decreased visual acuity in 49% and a visual field deficit in 26%. Tumors were primarily resected via a pterional approach. Meningioma extensions invading the cavernous sinus, present in 29% of the patients, were not removed. Complete tumor resection (Simpson Grade I and II) was achieved in 59% of the cases.

Results

Postoperatively, visual acuity improved in 40%, was unchanged in 46%, and deteriorated in 14%. A new oculomotor palsy was observed in 8 patients (8%). Clinical and MR imaging data were available in 95 patients for a mean postsurgical period of 6.9 years (1.5–18 years) and revealed tumor recurrence in 10% and tumor progression after subtotal resection in 38%. Clinical deterioration on long-term follow-up consisting primarily of ophthalmological deficits was observed in 14% of the cases.

Conclusions

Acceptable functional results can be achieved after microsurgical resection of ACP meningiomas; however, long-term treatment remains challenging due to a high tumor recurrence and progression rate.
Decreased brain edema after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in mice lacking the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Im So-Hyang , Kim Jeong-Yeon , Kim Dong-Eog , Oh Goo Taeg , Jeong Sang-Wuk
Published: April 2009

Object

Hematoma size and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are important prognostic factors. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced after cerebral ischemia and is known to be involved in secondary neuronal injury, but its significance in ICH is unknown. The authors tested whether iNOS would influence hematoma size and brain edema after ICH.

Methods

The authors used C57BL/6 and iNOS knockout mice for all the experiments. Experimental ICH was induced by the intrastriatal stereotactic administration of bacterial collagenase. Brain tissue was obtained at 72 hours after ICH. The volume of hematoma was quantified by spectrophotometric assay, and the brain water content was measured. The investigators also measured blood-brain barrier permeability using Evans blue dye.

Results

There was no significant difference in hematoma size between the 2 groups. The brain water content of the lesional hemisphere was higher in C57BL/6 mice than in iNOS knockout mice. More Evans blue leakage in the brain was observed in C57BL/6 control mice than in iNOS knockout mice. Immunohistochemistry showed iNOS immunoreactivity in the perihematoma areas of C57BL/6 mice but not in the iNOS knockout mice.

Conclusions

When hematoma size was similar, iNOS knockout mice had significantly less brain edema than their littermates. These results suggest that iNOS modulation might become an antiedematous therapy for ICH.
Relationships between essential cortical language sites and subcortical pathways
Authors: Ellmore Timothy M. , Beauchamp Michael S. , O'Neill Thomas J. , Dreyer Stephen , Tandon Nitin
Published: April 2009

Object

Maps produced using either electrical stimulation or functional imaging have demonstrated a distributed network of cortical regions involved in expressive and receptive language tasks. The pattern of connectivity among components of this network has begun to be explored with diffusion tensor (DT) imaging, but has yet to be completely characterized. In this study the authors used DT imaging–based tractography to examine the interrelationship between cortical areas found to be essential for language by intraoperative electrical stimulation.

Methods

The authors localized the arcuate fasciculus (AF), a white matter fiber system connecting frontal and parietotemporal areas in 10 patients, 9 of whom subsequently underwent left hemispheric language mapping.

Results

The authors found that 81 (79%) of 102 essential language sites (ELSs) were closely related to the AF. Of all ELSs, 59% were located within 7.5 mm of AF fiber pathway terminations, and another 20% contained pathways terminating closer to the AF than would be expected by chance (p < 0.05). Additionally, direct subcortical stimulation of the AF following focal cerebral resections produced transient language deficits. The close spatial relationship found between ELSs and the AF suggests that tractography data alone may be used for localization of ELSs.

Conclusions

The deficits evoked by subcortical stimulation validate and demonstrate the utility of this AF localization technique, and provide further evidence that the AF is an important pathway for fluent language. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DT imaging of the AF may be used to predict the location of brain areas that will be eloquent by the standards of stimulation mapping.
Adenylate Kinase and AMP Signaling Networks: Metabolic Monitoring, Signal Communication and Body Energy Sensing
Authors: Dzeja Petras , Terzic Andre
Published: April 2009

Adenylate kinase and downstream AMP signaling is an integrated metabolic monitoring system which reads the cellular energy state in order to tune and report signals to metabolic sensors. A network of adenylate kinase isoforms (AK1-AK7) are distributed throughout intracellular compartments, interstitial space and body fluids to regulate energetic and metabolic signaling circuits, securing efficient cell energy economy, signal communication and stress response. The dynamics of adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer regulates multiple intracellular and extracellular energy-dependent and nucleotide signaling processes, including excitation-contraction coupling, hormone secretion, cell and ciliary motility, nuclear transport, energetics of cell cycle, DNA synthesis and repair, and developmental programming. Metabolomic analyses indicate that cellular, interstitial and blood AMP levels are potential metabolic signals associated with vital functions including body energy sensing, sleep, hibernation and food intake. Either low or excess AMP signaling has been linked to human disease such as diabetes, obesity and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies indicate that derangements in adenylate kinase-mediated energetic signaling due to mutations in AK1, AK2 or AK7 isoforms are associated with hemolytic anemia, reticular dysgenesis and ciliary dyskinesia. Moreover, hormonal, food and antidiabetic drug actions are frequently coupled to alterations of cellular AMP levels and associated signaling. Thus, by monitoring energy state and generating and distributing AMP metabolic signals adenylate kinase represents a unique hub within the cellular homeostatic network.
[5-Hydroxy-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone
Authors: Moloney Gerard
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-based molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists we synthesised [5-hydroxy-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone [1-4].[...]
N-(2-Ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-keto(1-naphthyl)oxindole
Authors: Moloney Gerard
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised N-(2-ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-keto(1-naphthyl)oxindole.[...]
N-Benzyl-3-(2-morpholine)ethoxy-5-methoxy benzofuran-2-carboxamide
Authors: Moloney Gerard
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised methyl 3-(2-(N-morpholino)ethyl-5-methoxybenzofuran-2-carboxylate.[...]
1-(2-Vinyl-pyridin-3-yl)propanal O-methyloxime and 1-(6-Vinyl-pyridin-3-yl)propanal O-methyloxime
Authors: Caprio Vittorio , Jones Michael , Brimble Margaret
Published: April 2009

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere. Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (313 mg, 2.21 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of oxime 1 (100 mg, 0.735 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) at -78oC under nitrogen and the mixture stirred for 5 min.[...]
Pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde O-methyloxime
Authors: Caprio Vittorio , Jones Michael , Brimble Margaret
Published: April 2009

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
(1-(Phenanthrolo[5,6-d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-yl)benzene
Authors: Chao Hui , Jiang Cai-Wu , Zhang Hao , Ji Liang-Nian
Published: April 2009

2-(3-Formylphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline was prepared by a previously published method [1].[...]
2’-(3’’,4’’-Methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[4’,5’-f]1,10-phenanthroline
Authors: Wang Zhong-Ming , Hao Yong-Mei , Liu Jian-Zhong , Ji Lian-Nian
Published: April 2009

1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione was prepared by a previously published procedure [1].[...]
2-Bromo-N1, N1, N4, N4-tetramethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine
Authors: Zieg Harald , Pitsch Wolfgang , Koenig Burkhard
Published: April 2009

Compound 3 has been reported in a patent1 as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide bleaching in photographic processing methods, but no synthesis or spectroscopic data are available in the chemical literature.[...]
2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone
Authors: Treu Matthias , Jordis Ulrich
Published: April 2009

To anhydrous AlCl3 (27.35 g, 205 mmol) and anisole (24.11 g, 223 mmol) in dry chloroform (300 mL) 2-bromobenzeneacetyl chloride [1] (43.4 g, 186 mmol) in dry chloroform (100 mL) was added over 30 min at 0 °C and stirred at ambient temperature for 15 h.[...]
2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenemethanol
Authors: Treu Matthias , Jordis Ulrich
Published: April 2009

2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenemethanol [1] (38.8 g, 166 mmol) in dry chloroform (200 mL) was treated with thionyl chloride (200 mL, 2.76 mol) at 0 °C and stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature.[...]
8-Acetyl-labdanolic Acid (-)-(3S)-5-((1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2-Acetoxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-methylpentanoic Acid
Authors: Castro Juan , Salido Sofia , Altarejos Joaquin , Nogueras Manuel , Sanchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

Acetic anhydride (0.09 mL, 0.98 mmol) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (2 mg, 0.02 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of the alcohol 1 (75 mg, 0.23 mmol) in freshly distilled triethylamine (1 mL) [1].[...]
8-Formyl-labdanolic Acid (-)-(3S)-5-((1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2-Formyloxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-methylpentanoic Acid
Authors: Castro Juan , Salido Sofia , Altarejos Joaquin , Nogueras Manuel , Sanchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

A sample (0.85 mL, 6.5 mmol) of formic acid-acetic anhydride mixture (FAM), prepared from Ac2O and formic acid as described in the literature [1], was added to the alcohol 1 [2](255 mg, 0.79 mmol) at 10 ºC.[...]
Methyl 8a-Formyloxy-labd-13E-en-15-oate [(-)-(2E)-5-((1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2-Formyloxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-3- methyl-2-pentenoic acid methyl ester]
Authors: Castro Juan , Salido Sofia , Altarejos Joaquin , Nogueras Manuel , Sanchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

A sample (0.10 mL, 1.27 mmol) of formic acid-acetic anhydride mixture (FAM), prepared from Ac2O and formic acid as described in the literature [1], was added to the alcohol 1 [2] (83 mg, 0.25 mmol) at 10 ºC.[...]
8a,13-Epoxy-14,15-dinorlabd-12-ene (Sclareol Oxide) [(+)-(4aR,6aS,10aS,10bR)-3,4a,7,7,10a-Pentamethyl-4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b-decahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromene]
Authors: Castro Juan , Salido Sofia , Altarejos Joaquin , Nogueras Manuel , Sanchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

To a stirred solution of a mixture of E/Z isomers 1 (174 mg, 0.52 mmol, 45:55 ratio) in acetone (8 mL) was added a mixture of KMnO4 (260 mg, 1.64 mmol) and anhydrous MgSO4 (230 mg) at 10 ºC [1].[...]
2-(b-D-Ribofuranosyl)-4-(p-tolylazo)-5-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one
Authors: Haikal Abdelfattah , Zohdi Hussein , Badi Zahra
Published: April 2009

The desired compound 2 was obtained by complete deprotection of the acetylated nucleoside 1 [1] using triethylamine [2]. [...]
(±)-1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
Trimethyl 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-6-oxo-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylate
Authors: Stoyanov Edmont
Published: April 2009

Aromatic aldehydes react with dimethyl acetonedicarboxylate in molar ratio 1:2 with spontaneous intramolecular Michael addition to give polysubstituted cyclohexanones [1].[...]
5-{4-itro-3-[1-(toluene-4-sulphonyl)-hexyl]-phenyl}-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin Zinc(II)
Authors: Ostrowski Stanislaw , Mikus Agnieszka
Published: April 2009

As part of ongoing research programme we synthesised the title meso-tetraarylporphyrin derivative possessing a high degree of complexity in one phenyl ring.[...]
1,2-Bis(p-phenyl-thiocarbamic Acid-S-benzothiazol-2-yl-ester)ethane and 1-(o-Phenyl-thiocarbamic Acid-S-benzothiazol-2-yl-ester)-2-(p-phenyl-thiocarbamic Acid-S-benzothiazol-2-yl-ester)ethane
Authors: Scortanu Elena , Caraculacu Adrian
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows the general synthesis of blocked isocyanates [1, 2].[...]
2-[6-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl]phenol
Authors: Wang Wen-Jwu , Wang Jau-Shuenn
Published: April 2009

Hydrazine hydrate (99%, 5g, 100 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-cyanophenol (2 g, 16.8 mmol) in absolute ethanol (30 ml) under N2 atmosphere, and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 12 h.[...]
(4,5-Dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanone
Authors: Mel'chin Vladimir
Published: April 2009

To continue our investigation into the chemistry of furan derivatives [1, 2], we have synthesized furylphenylketone bearing nitro-group in the ortho-position of benzene ring.[...]
3,8-Dihydroxy-2,9-dimethyl Deca-3,7-diene-5,6-dione
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Zidane Ismail , Malek Fouad , Touzani Rachid , El Kodadi Mohamed , Ramdani Abdelkrim
Published: April 2009

The product 3 was prepared according to a reported procedure [1,2].[...]
1-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropenone N-Benzoylhydrazone
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Lafazanis Ioannis
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules derived from o-hydroxyaryl ketone hydrazones[1], we synthesised 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropenone N-benzoylhydrazone.[...]
1,3-Diethyl-5-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
Authors: Asiri Abdullah , Alamry Khaled , Jalbout Abraham , Zhang Suhong
Published: April 2009

1,3-Diethyl-5-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione 3 was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde 1 and N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid 2 in ethanol using piperidine as a base [1,2].[...]
Bis-(1-phenyl-5-nitro-6-methylthio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl)ethane and Bis-(1-phenyl-5-nitro-6-methylthio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl)butane
Authors: Chanda Kaushik , Dutta Milan , Kishore Kaushal , Vishwakarma J.
Published: April 2009

5-Nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives [1, 2] are known to possess important biological properties.[...]
4-{[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]amino}benzoic acid
Authors: El Kodadi Mohamed , Malek Fouad , Ramdani Abdelkrim
Published: April 2009

A mixture of (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanol 1 [1] (1.84 g, 14.6 mmol) and 4-aminobenzoic acid 2 (1g, 7.3 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred in a closed vessel at room temperature for 6 days [2,3,4].[...]
{6-[(4-Methoxybenzoyl)amino]-9H-purin-9-yl}acetic acid
Authors: Pádár Petra , Kovács Györgyi , Kovács Lajos
Published: April 2009

{6-[(4-Methoxybenzoyl)amino]-9H-purin-9-yl}acetic acid 2 is one of the substances used in the synthesis of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) adenine monomer and oligomers as well.[...]
A furocoumarin, Imperatorin isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Ghosh Keshab
Published: April 2009

The plant, Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae) is reputed for its use in indigenous system of medicine.[...]
7,10-Diazafluoranthene (Acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrazine)
Authors: Eskildsen Jørgen , Christensen Jørn
Published: April 2009

7,10-Diazafluoranthene has been reported to be strongly mutagenic in an Ames-test [1], but no details regarding neither the synthesis nor other properties have been published.[...]
2-(1-Bromo-1-methyl-ethyl)-2-methyl-[1,3]dioxolane
Authors: Castro Juan , Linares-Palomino Pablo , Salido Sofía , Altarejos Joaquín , Nogueras Manuel , Sánchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

A solution of bromine (0.3 mL, 5.90 mmol) in CCl4 (2 mL) was slowly added over a stirred mixture of 3-methyl-butan-2-one (1) (505 mg, 5.90 mmol) and AcOH (0.33 mL) at room temperature.[...]
endo-N-(5,5-Dimethyl-6-methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Badía Concepción , Castro Juan , Linares-Palomino Pablo , Salido Sofía , Altarejos Joaquín , Nogueras Manuel , Sánchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

p-Toluenesulfonic acid (35 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of campholenic aldehyde (1) (725 mg, 3.81 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonamide (1.22 g, 6.96 mmol) in toluene (20 mL).[...]
N-Furan-2-ylmethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (N-Furfuryl-p-toluenesulfonamide)
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

A solution of furfurylamine[1] (9.77 g, 100 mmol) in tert-butylmethyl ether[2] (MTBE, 50 mL) was made in a 250-mL four-necked flask, fitted with two dropping funnels and an immersion thermometer, and cooled in an ice/salt bath to -15 °C.[...]
1,1-Dicyanovinyl-2-ferrocene
Authors: Asiri Abdullah Mohamed
Published: April 2009

To a refluxed solution of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde 1 (2.14g, 0.01 mol) and malononitrile 2 (0.66g, 0.01 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml), Piperidine (1 ml) was added.[...]
4-Methyl-N-(5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (N-(5-Methyl-furfuryl)-p-toluenesulfonamide)
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

5-Methylfurfurylamine was prepared from commercially available 5-methylfurfural via the oxime, followed by LiAlH4 reduction [1].[...]
4-Methyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-3-oxo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1.]oct-6-en-1-ylmethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

A mixture of N-furfuryl-p-toluenesulfonamide (1) (2.51 g, 10 mmol) [1] and pentachloroacetone [2] (3.23 g, 14 mmol) was cooled in an ice bath.[...]
4-Methyl-N-(3-oxo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1.]oct-6-en-1-ylmethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

Zinc powder (10.6 g, 160 mmol) was given to an ice-cold solution of methanol (40 mL) saturated with ammonium chloride.[...]
3-(2,5-Dihexyl-4-iodo-phenylethynyl)-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1].[...]
1-Hydroxymethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Touzani Rachid
Published: April 2009

To a solution of 3,5-diphenylpyrazole 1 [1] (200 mg, 0.90 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added formaldehyde 2 (110 mg, 1.28 mmol, 35 %) and the mixture was refluxed for two hours [2,3].[...]
Bis-(1-phenyl-5-nitro-6-methylthio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl)benzene and Bis-(1-phenyl-5-nitro-6-methylthio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl)diphenyl
Authors: Dutta Milan , Chanda Kaushik , Kishore Kaushal , Vishwakarma J.N.
Published: April 2009

In continuation with our on going program on the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines [1,2], we have recently reported the synthesis of Bis-tetrahydropyrimidines [3] in which the rings are linked through flexible aliphatic chains.[...]
5-Methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz , Branowska Danuta
Published: April 2009

O- and N-alkyl derivatives of pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine, isolated from the cultural fluids of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Nostoc spongiaeforme exhibit antimicrobial and antitumor activity [1,2].[...]
Semicarbazone and Thiosemicarbazone of 5-acetyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

Semicarbazone as well as thiosemicarbazone of 5-acetyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazine were synthesised as reactive intermediates for the synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine derivatives via acid promoted ring closure [1,2,3].[...]
Asymmetric Synthesis of a New Monocyclic β-Lactam as a potential biological active compound
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Jahaniani A. R.
Published: April 2009

The asymmetric synthesis of monocyclic β-lactams belong to five categories: a) asymmetric induction from the imine component; b) asymmetric induction from the ketene component; c) double stereodifferentiating cycloadditions; d) carbacephem intermediates and e) 2-oxaisocephems and 2-isocephems.[...]
Synthesis of N,N'-bis (a-methylsalicylidene) 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane as a novel complexing agent
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Rezaei S.
Published: April 2009

Schiff base ligands are used in complexation with metals such as V(II) for the enantioselective oxidation of sulfides to chiral sulfoxides.[...]
Synthesis of 1-(2-aminopyridine)-4-phenyl-1-azabuta-1,3-diene and 1-(3-aminopyridine)-4-phenyl-1-azabuta-1,3-diene as heterodienes for iron carbonyl complexes
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Esmaeilbeig A. R. , Adabi Ardekani A.
Published: April 2009

In this paper we propose the synthesis of 1-(2-aminopyridine)-4-phenyl-1-azabuta-1,3-diene and 1-(3-aminopyridine)-4-phenyl-1-azabuta-1,3-diene as new heterodienes for iron carbonyl complexes.
Synthesis of N,N'-bis (a-methylsalicylidene)-3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Rezaei S.
Published: April 2009

There have been few reports about the synthesis and application of Schiff-base ligands derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone [1].[...]
2-(1-ethyl-but-2-enyloxy)-isoindole-1,3-dione
Authors: Coseri Sergiu
Published: April 2009

A degassed mixture containing 0.416 mmol 3-hexene and 0.083 mmol N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI),1,2 in 5 mL acetonitrile was added to a degassed solution of lead tetraacetate3 (0.041mmol in 5 mL acetonitrile) under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.[...]
2-(cyclooct-2-enyloxy)-isoindole-1,3-dione
Authors: Coseri Sergiu
Published: April 2009

A degassed mixture containing 0.38 mmol cyclooctene and 0.0767 mmol N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI),1,2 in 5 mL acetonitrile was added to a degassed solution of lead tetraacetate3 (0.038 mmol in 5 mL acetonitrile) under nitrogen atmosphere, at room temperature.[...]
Synthesis and acidic properties of new 1-phenylacetyl-3-ethyl-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
Authors: Yüksek Haydar , Alkan Muzaffer , Bahçeci Şule
Published: April 2009

It is known that 1,2,4-triazole and 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one rings have weak acidic properties, so some 1,2,4-triazole and 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in non-aqueous solvents, and the pKa values of the compounds were determined [1,2,3].[...]
A one-step synthesis of pyrazolone
Authors: Eller Gernot , Holzer Wolfgang
Published: April 2009

Substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones play an important role as substructures of numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, pigments, as well as chelating agents and thus attract remarkable attention [1,2].[...]
New bis-tridentate Nitrogen Ligand : N,N,N',N'-tetra-(3-carbomethoxy-5-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)p-phenylenediamine
Authors: Daoudi Maria , Bennani Brahim , Zahidi Assou , Mchic Mohamed , Ben Hadda Taibi
Published: April 2009

n/a
Synthesis of New bis-Bidentate Nitrogen Ligand: 1,4-bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]piperazine
Authors: El Fatmi Abdeljalil , Daoudi Maria , Ben Larbi Najib , Kerbal Abdelali , Filali Kaba Mohamed , El Bali Brahim , Bolte Michael , Mchich Mohamed , Ben-Hadda Taibi
Published: April 2009

The product 2 was prepared by the addition of piperazine (C4H10N2) to 1 [1] according to the reported procedure [2].[...]
5,5’-Biindole
Authors: Quintanilla-Licea Ramiro , Colunga-Valladares Juan   F. , Caballero-Quintero Adolfo , Waksman Noemí , Gomez-Flores Ricardo , Rodríguez-Padilla Cristina , Tamez-Guerra Reyes
Published: April 2009

Synthesis of 5,5’-biindole was carried out by the Madelung indole reaction. Under strong basic conditions and high temperatures (350 ºC), N,N’-bis-formyl-o-tolidine underwent cyclization to produce high amounts of the dimeric indole. Full and unambiguous assignments of all 1H- and 13C-NMR resonances of indole and 5,5’-biindole in DMSO-d6 are also reported.
Microwave assisted esterification using Fe2(SO4)3.4H2O/concentrated H2SO4 as efficient catalyst
Authors: Desai Krunal , Desai Kishor , Padmanabhan D.
Published: April 2009

2, 4-D 1 (0.221 g, 1 m mole), Fe2(SO4)3.4H2O (0.423 g, 1 m mole) and conc. H2SO4 (0.098 mL) in absolute methanol (20 mL) was taken in RBF placed in a microwave oven and irradiated (300w, 67-68oC) for 5 min [1].[...]
Synthesis of novel 2-(2-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)-6-isobutoxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol as a potential antiviral agent
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Torabi E.
Published: April 2009

In this paper we propose the synthesis of 2-(2-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)-6-isobutoxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol as a new potential antiviral agent Its structure has been confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV and Mass spectroscopic data.
N,N-bis[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]para-toluidine
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Zidane Ismail , Touzani Rachid
Published: April 2009

The mixture of para-toluidine 1 (0.535 g, 5 mmol), 3-chloromethyl-1,5-dimethylpyrazol 2 (1.44 g, 10 mmol) and sodium carbonate (4.24 g, 40 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was refluxed for three hours [1,2,3].[...]
Synthesis of 6-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carbohydrazide
Authors: Bouhfid R. , Essassi E.M.
Published: April 2009

In previous works we have shown that hydrazides are highly useful starting materials and intermediates in the synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds1-3 of potential biological activities.[...]
Electrophilic Substitution at C(7) of a Protected 7-Deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine – The 2’-Deoxyribonucleoside Parent Analogue of Queuosine #
Authors: Ramzaeva Natalya , Rosemeyer Helmut
Published: April 2009

In this manuscript we report on the regioselective electrophilic substitution at C(7) of 7-[2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(2-methylpropanoyl)-ß-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl]-2-(formylamino)-4-methoxy-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2) – a protected precursor of 7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine - using N,N-dimethyl-methyleniminium iodide (Eschenmoser’s salt) yielding the Mannich compound 4.
1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-ethyl carboxylate
Authors: Attayibat Ahmed , Radi Smaail , Lekchiri Yahya , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Bacquet Maryse
Published: April 2009

A mixture of 1 (6g; 39mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (4.62g; 41.3mmol) in 120ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was refluxed for 75min.[...]
Synthesis of Ethyl [4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl]acetate
Authors: Benchat Nour-Eddine , Anaflous Abderrahmane , Abouricha Said , Ramdani Mohammed , El-Bali Brahim
Published: April 2009

Pyridazines are of chemical and biological interest.[...]
Synthesis of 2-[4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl]acetohydrazide
Authors: Benchat Nour-Eddine , Anaflous Abderrahmane , Abouricha Said , El-Bali Brahim , Ramdani Mohamed
Published: April 2009

Pyridazines are of chemical and biological interest.[...]
Synthesis of 2-(4-benzyl-3-methyl-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)acetohydrazide
Authors: Benchat Nour-Eddine , Anaflous Abderrahmane , Abouricha Said , Ramdani Mohammed , Benalla Abderazak
Published: April 2009

Pyridazines are of chemical and biological interest.[...]
2-[5-chloro(bromo)-3-hydrazono-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indolin-1-yl]acetohydrazide
Authors: Rachid Bouhfid , Joly Nicolas , Lequart Vincent , Martin Patrick , Massoui Mohammad , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: April 2009

Isatin derivatives exhibit significant biological, medicinal and pharmacological activities, [1,2] such as antituberculous, antihypoxing agent, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic; active against salmonella, typhi and against vibrio cholerae. Besides, they are used in treating and preventing pestvirus.[...]
Efficient Synthesis of 6-Methyl-4-phenyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Raghavendra M. , Bhojya Naik Halehatty , Ravikumar Naik Tangali , Sherigara Bailure
Published: April 2009

In recent years reaction under solvent free conditions gaining much popularity because under solvent free conditions products obtains in high yield, avoids the use of hazardous and expensive solvents, and makes the manipulation much easier.[...]
Synthesis and Physical Characterization of (E)-1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-phenoxy-4-styrylazetidine-2-one as the First β-lactam Bearing a Morpholino Moiety
Authors: Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Jalbout Abraham , Eskandari Masomeh
Published: April 2009

In this paper we propose the synthesis of (E)-1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-phenoxy-4-styryl azetidine-2-one as a new monocyclic β-lactam. Its structure has been confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopic data. In addition to its synthesis we present AM1 calculation to characterize the physical properties of the molecule.
Stereoselective Synthesis of a New cis Monocyclic β-lactam Bearing a Sugar Moiety at Its N1 Position and Its Physical Characterization
Authors: Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Jalbout Abraham , Alvand Parvaneh
Published: April 2009

Synthesis of a new monocyclic β-lactam containing a sugar moiety at its N1 position via [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of ketene and imine is described. Reaction of achiral phenoxy ketene with chiral aldimine derived from chiral 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosylamine and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde resulted in the formation of 2 as a single diastereomer. Then its physical characterization has been determined at the AM1 level of theory.
3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-pyridine-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Mamouni Rachid , El Haddad Mohammadine , Akssira Mohamed
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of the 2, 3-pyridinecarboxylicacid-2-methylester 1 has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
Synthesis of 4-methoxy-2-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl-1-phenol
Authors: Velázquez Ana María , Torres Luis Alberto , González Raúl , Valencia Alvaro , Díaz-Barriga Sandra , Menconi Italo , Martínez Luisa , Ramírez Alberto , Martínez Ignacio , Camacho Brígida , López-Castañares Rafael , Angeles Enrique
Published: April 2009

Infrared light activation as a non-conventional energy source has become an important method that can be used to carry out a wide range of reactions with short reaction times and high yields.
Synthesis of Mono- and Dibromo-Derivatives of 1-Phenylpyrazol-3-ol
Authors: Nedzelskytė Eglė , Martynaitis Vytas , Šačkus Algirdas , Eller Gernot , Holzer Wolfgang
Published: April 2009

Dependent on the reaction conditions, 1-phenylpyrazol-3-ol and bromine give either 4-bromo-1-phenylpyrazol-3-ol (2a) or 4-bromo-1-(4-bromophenyl)pyrazol-3-ol (2b). Treatment of 2a or 2b with refluxing acetic anhydride leads to the corresponding O-acetyl derivatives 3a and 3b, respectively. Detailed spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR, MS, IR) for 2b, 3a and 3b are presented.
Synthesis of 6-Chloro-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine
Authors: Vomasta Daniel , Zabel Manfred , König Burkhard
Published: April 2009

Transition metal complexes of pyridine-containing ligands are widely used in catalysis [1], supramolecular self-assembly [2], and anion recognition [3].[...]
Microwave Synthesis of (4-hydroxy Phenyl) 3-oxo butanoate
Authors: Ramdani Mohammed , Benchat Nour-Eddine , Anaflous Abderrahmane , El Kalai Fouad
Published: April 2009

The product 3 was previously prepared [1] using C6H6 in the presence of pyridine. A mixture of hydroquinone 1 (0.66 g, 6 mmol), ethyl acetoacetate 2 (0.78 g, 6 mmol) and monmorillonite K10 (0.43 g, 30 % by weight of the total reactants) [2,3] was placed in a pyrex tube which was then introduced into a Maxidigest MX 350 Prolabo microwave monomode reactor fitted with a rotational system [4].
Oxygen-Containing 10-, 15-, and 20-Membered Macrocyclic Cobalt Complexes from Co2(CO)6-Bispropargylic Alcohol
Authors: Díaz David Díaz , Ceñal Juan Pedro , Martín Víctor S.
Published: April 2009

Novel 10-, 15-, and 20-membered oxygen-containing macrocyclic cobalt complexes (3, 4, and 5 respectively) were obtained in moderate combined yield via double nucleophilic substitution of the hexacarbonyldicobalt-coordinated monoyne diol [{Co2(CO)6(μ-η2-HOCH2C≡CCH2OH)}] (1) upon BF3·OEt2 treatment in the presence of (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diol (2) at room temperature. The products distribution was found to be highly concentration dependent.
New Route to Metformin Hydrochloride (N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride) Synthesis
Authors: Shalmashi Anvar
Published: April 2009

In this work, microwave (MW) assisted synthesis of metformin hydrochloride was performed on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. This versatile, simple and economical green methodology is readily amendable to parallel synthesis of metformin hydrochloride libraries.
Synthesis of New β-enaminones of Isoquinolines with 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexanedione
Authors: Ivanov Iliyan , Nikolova Stoyanka
Published: April 2009

Enaminones are chemical compounds incorporating an amino group linked through a C=C to carbonyl group.[...]
N-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)ethyl (N-Dde) Lipoamino Acids
Authors: Ross Benjamin , Falconer Robert , Thot Istvan
Published: April 2009

The conjugation of a drug with one or more lipoamino acids (LAAs; 2-aminoalkanoic acids; e.g. 3) can impart upon the drug steric protection from enzymatic degradation, increased lipophilicity, increased passive membrane diffusion and therefore may improve drug bioavailability [1].[...]
Synthesis of 2,7-Bis(fluoromethyl)naphthalene
Authors: Bogdanov Jane , Maslak Przemyslaw
Published: April 2009

In connection with our investigation of the competitive mesolytic cleavages [1] of radical anions we have prepared several symmetrically substituted 2,7-bis(halomethyl)naphthalene derivatives.[...]
7-Hydroxy-8-acetylcoumarin N-Phenylsulfonylhydrazone
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Lafazanis Ioannis , Harris Philip
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules derived from o-hydroxyaryl ketone hydrazones[1] we synthesised 7-hydroxy-8-acetylcoumarin phenylsulfonylhydrazone.[...]