bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„What makes us happy“ - Internationale Begegnungen im virtuellen Raum
Authors: Ameis Kristin
Published: January 2021

Im Rahmen des dreijährigen internationalen Hochschulprojektes „Data Literacy in Context – DaLiCo“ fand Ende September die erste Summer School statt mit internationalen studentischen Teilnehmern, bestehend aus PhD-, Bachelor- und Masterstudierenden aus den Partnerländern des Projektes. Dabei brachte der thematische Fokus Open Governmental Data den Teilnehmenden einen Wissensgewinn und vertieften gemeinsamen Diskurs. Die Möglichkeit an einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekten zu arbeiten sowie der Austausch mit internationalen Studierenden und Lehrenden wurde von allen Studierenden als wertvolle Erfahrung geschätzt.
Genetic properties of bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla TEM genes in ESBL producing E. coli clinical isolates
Authors: Akhvlediani Leila
Published: January 2021

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli is a serious global public health problem that requires timely and accurate control of resistant strains.  This is the first report on the detection of resistant E. coli isolates in hospitals of Adjara.

We studied the genetic profile of Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL isolated from biological samples of patients with suspected nosocomial infection in four hospitals in the Adjara region (Georgia).  Identification of resistant genes was performed by multiplex PCR and reverse hybridization.  Genes of the class ESBL TEM, ESBL SHV, and CTX-M were found in these samples as a result of molecular studies of genes causing genotypic correlation and resistance.  Molecular genetic testing of phenotypically resistant strains of penicillin, cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generations, and inhibitors revealed a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes with bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, and in two samples with genes, of ESBL class bla TEM type mutated genes: bla TEM AS104 E, bla TEM AS 238 G, bla TEM AS238 S genes.
Galleries of Language
Authors: Kannan Jaya , Brenneis Sara J. , Nader-Esfahani Sanam
Published: January 2021

The use of digital exhibitions in two advanced language and culture courses within a liberal arts curriculum provides an innovative pedagogical approach to promoting language learning and critical analysis. This article proposes a pedagogy to incorporate Maker-Centered Learning (MCL), the framework that emerged from a Harvard Graduate School of Education research project, Agency by Design (AbD) in 2012, into language courses. Through the lens of the three indicators (“looking closely,” “exploring complexity,” and “finding opportunity”) and related descriptors put forward by the AbD project, the analysis of the two language courses— one French and the other Spanish—as case studies reveals how, despite differences in course objectives and design, they achieved similar results by (1) facilitating learner autonomy, (2) developing learner communities, and (3) fostering learning on a continuum by going beyond the classroom. We demonstrate that creative projects made possible through digital tools can generate opportunities for engaging with language, literature, and culture in ways that transform students into collaborators and creators of knowledge. This approach consequently displaces the MCL framework from its more traditional association with Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) fields, and bolsters the claims of scholars who view the arts and humanities as equally fertile ground for its application. The pedagogical methodology detailed here could be replicated in any language classroom.
Insider Spaces
Authors: Caspar Stephan
Published: January 2021

Adult learners benefit from a playful approach to learning (Whitton, 2018). Similarly, students experiencing immersive learning using virtual reality headsets can benefit from a playful and exploratory approach to language and culture learning (Arnold, 1979), which includes the opportunity to experiment and create content using accessible, code-free, and easy-to-adopt media and Maker techniques. This article proposes that this kind of content creation projects for students can result in an increased understanding and appreciation of the affordances of immersive technologies, especially when applied to cultural learning and second language acquisition.
In these projects, students produce outcomes by learning to work together, use tools, develop skills, and reflect on their place within the work, as artistmakers, as language learners, and as creators of culture. Learners are encouraged to reflect on their process of Making, and in doing so broaden that reflection to encompass ideas around culture and language, the essence of their creative process coming from conceptual inquiry as much as from the practical Making. We propose ways to adopt immersive technologies and use a dedicated Maker and creator space to facilitate effective innovative language and culture pedagogy— one that might better support learning through creative exploration.
Introduction
Authors: Bladini Moa , Jacobsen Jørn
Published: January 2021

Introdcution.
Legislation on the offence of rape in Icelandic criminal law
Authors: Bragadóttir Ragnheiður
Published: January 2021

In recent years the concept of rape has been frequently discussed in Iceland. The chapter on sexual offences in the Icelandic General Penal Code (GPC) was revised in its entirety in 1992 and 2007, and important amendments were made on the provision on rape, section 194 of the GPC. The amendments in 2007 included a new, broad definition of the concept of rape, which was intended to cover all incidents where sexual intercourse or other sexual relations were performed against the victim’s will. In 2018 amendments were made on section 194 on rape, where the word “consent” was included in the provision. This does not constitute a substantive change since lack of consent was already an underlying element of the provision due to the amendments in 2007. The article addresses the academic discussion and societal views that were the precursor of these amendments, evaluates the current provision and discusses whether further amendments are needed.
Experimental comparative study of arterial implants made of silicone reinforced with polyester fabric and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in rabbits aorta
Authors: ROCHA FERNANDA APPOLONIO , RIBAS LAILA MASSAD , SASSAKI-NETO PAULO ISAO , DE-LUCCIA NELSON
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: the aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of a new silicone vascular prostheses with PTFE vascular prostheses, on a rabbit experimental model. Methods: forty rabbits underwent infra-renal aorta replacement with 4 mm diameter prostheses, twenty animals with PDMS and twenty animals with PTFE (control group). Retrograde aortic angiography was performed to assess patency. Histological graft samples were examined by electron microscopy to evaluate prostheses endothelialization. Results: patency rates were 100% for both grafts after 30 days; after 60 days, patency rate for PDMS was 92.3% (±7.4), and 73,8% (±13.1) at 90 days. PTFE grafts had patency rates of 87.5% (±11.7) at 60 and 90 days. No statistically significant difference was found in between groups for patency rates (p=0.62). Postoperative complications (death, paraplegia) rates (p=0.526) and aortic clamping times (p=0.299) were comparable in both groups. No statistically significant difference for stenosis was found on angiographical analysis between groups (p=0.650). Electron microscopy revealed limited anastomotic endothelial ingrowth in both prostheses. Conclusion: in this experimental model, PDMS and PTFE vascular prostheses had comparable outcomes and PDMS prosthesis could be used as a vascular graft.
“A crítica se surpreende, a ciência compreende”: os impasses da crítica literária no formalismo russo
Authors: Marques Priscila Nascimento , Nascimento Rodrigo Alves do
Published: January 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o nascimento da moderna teoria literária, considerando a Escola Formal como ponto de partida da constituição dos estudos literários como disciplina autônoma. Os primeiros movimentos dos teóricos do Formalismo buscaram compor um corpo conceitual próprio e entender o fenômeno literário como algo emancipado de categorias da sociologia, da filosofia ou da psicologia. Tal esforço produziu resultados originais, mas também gerou impasses que estão na base da crise da teoria literária nos anos 1970 e 1980, momento em que emergem as chamadas pós-teorias, que trouxeram para o centro das atenções elementos extra-literários (gênero, política, perspectiva decolonial). Este artigo argumenta que tais impasses se tornaram evidentes já nos primeiros momentos da Escola Formal, quando ela precisou confrontar sua construção teórica com a prática da crítica literária. Ambas as esferas, ao mesmo tempo em que se retroalimentam, explicitavam as deficiências e limites de cada uma.
“Responsible Reading is Inherently Ethical and Political”
Authors: Ross Stephen
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Can we talk about a post-post-Modernism? Is it the end of theory? What is it to read responsibly? In this interview, Stephen Ross, a specialist in Modernist studies, answers to these questions with attention to the challenges of contemporary critics, and to the need for ethical, generous and politically-conscious reading stances.
Boas práticas em pesquisa e editoração científica: o que conhecem os pesquisadores-enfermeiros do Brasil?
Authors: De Sousa Alvaro Francisco de , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Cárnio Evelin Capellari , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Santos Sara Soares , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de enfermeiros-pesquisadores em temas relacionados a boas práticas em pesquisa e editoração científica e comparar os resultados de acordo com o grau de formação. Método: estudo descritivo realizado por inquérito on-line com 197 enfermeiros mestres ou doutores de todas as regiões brasileiras. Para levantar o conhecimento utilizou-se um questionário validado, autoaplicável e anônimo. Sobre o escore dos pesquisadores realizaram-se análises descritivas e inferenciais (Teste de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: Entre as 18 questões específicas, a média de acertos foi de 7,1; sendo de 6,4 para mestres e 7,4 para doutores. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na média de acertos entre mestres e doutores (p=0,025), e entre bolsistas e não-bolsistas de produtividade (p=0,021), segundo testes de diferença de médias.  As questões sobre práticas editoriais predatórias foram aquelas em que os pesquisadores apresentaram os piores escores. Conclusão: Identificamos baixo conhecimento dos participantes independente do grau de formação (mestrado ou doutorado). A ampliação das estratégias de divulgação e articulação desse conhecimento são necessárias para a produção de conhecimento científico de qualidade na área.
On Super Strong ETH
Authors: Vyas Nikhil , Williams Ryan
Published: January 2021

Multiple known algorithmic paradigms (backtracking, local search and the polynomial method) only yield a 2n(1-1/O(k)) time algorithm for k-SAT in the worst case. For this reason, it has been hypothesized that the worst-case k-SAT problem cannot be solved in 2n(1-f(k)/k) time for any unbounded function f. This hypothesis has been called the "Super-Strong ETH", modelled after the ETH and the Strong ETH.

It has also been hypothesized that k-SAT is hard to solve for randomly chosen instances near the "critical threshold", where the clause-to-variable ratio is such that randomly chosen instances are satisfiable with probability 1/2. We give a randomized algorithm which refutes the Super-Strong ETH for the case of random k-SAT and planted k-SAT for any clause-to-variable ratio. For example, given any random k-SAT instance F with n variables and m clauses, our algorithm decides satisfiability for F in  2n(1-c*log(k)/k) time with high probability (over the choice of the formula and the randomness of the algorithm). It turns out that a well-known algorithm from the literature on SAT algorithms does the job: the PPZ algorithm of Paturi, Pudlak, and Zane (1999).  

The Unique k-SAT problem is the special case where there is at most one satisfying assignment. Improving prior reductions, we show that the Super-Strong ETHs for Unique k-SAT and k-SAT are equivalent. More precisely, we show the time complexities of Unique k-SAT and k-SAT are very tightly correlated: if Unique k-SAT is in  2n(1-f(k)/k) time for an unbounded f, then k-SAT is in 2n(1-f(k)/(2k)) time.
Relationship between water quality and physical conditions of domestic storage tanks supplied by a water utility in a rapidly growing city
Authors: EW Makoko  , E Wozei  , L Birungi
Published: January 2021

Domestic water storage tanks are commonly used in urban centres of developing countries such as Uganda to enable reliable access to water. However, little work has been done on the conditions of domestic water storage tanks since it is assumed that water received meets the required standards and guidelines for drinking water. In 2015, over 80% of the water quality complaints raised by water utility customers in Kampala were about water from storage tanks. In this study we assessed water quality in, and conditions of, domestic storage tanks, for customers supplied by a water utility from March–August 2017 in Kampala, Uganda. Longitudinal assessment of 372 storage tanks in 6 sampled wards involved a minimum of 6 samples collected from each site in both wet and dry months of 2017. A set of guiding questions was used to establish tank conditions, with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response and a range of ‘low’ to ‘critical’ risk ratings. The study showed that there were three main types of storage tanks: plastic (88%), concrete (7%), and metal (5%). Of these tanks, 84% were elevated, 41% were less than 5 years old, 69% were not cleaned annually, and 88% were covered. There was a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between tank physical conditions and quality of stored water. Wards with unplanned and industrial settlements had the highest number of tanks with contaminated water. The study therefore revealed that the physical conditions and management of domestic water storage tanks have an effect on water quality. This is important information for a water utility as it means that it is not enough to supply safe water if the quality may deteriorate upon storage at the consumer premises. A routine inspection checklist and consumer guidelines for domestic storage tank management are proposed.
Water quality assessment using a portable UV optical absorbance nitrate sensor with a scintillator and smartphone camera
Authors: JMDFP Ingles  , TM Louw  , MJ Booysen
Published: January 2021

Nitrate contamination of water sources is a global environmental concern. A major source of pollution is agricultural runoff, which can contain decomposed organic matter, fertilizer, and animal or human waste. Nitrate adversely affects the stability of water systems such as dams and rivers and thus also public health. Regulation is essential but difficult to implement, given that measuring nitrates is laborious, and normally done using chemical assays in laboratories. We present a novel portable nitrate sensor that uses a smartphone camera fitted with low-cost optics. The sensor uses ultraviolet absorbance analysis to detect nitrates in water samples and quantify the concentration. The sensor’s absorptivity when a bandpass filter was used was 0.0681 L∙mg−1∙cm−1 compared to 0.0934 L∙mg−1∙cm−1 measured with a spectrophotometer in a laboratory. Measurements by the sensor of the concentration of nitrates in two environmental samples differed from those taken by the spectrophotometer by 19% and 7%. The sensor achieved a nitrate concentration measurement resolution of 0.2 mg∙L−1, and a detection range of 0–5 mg∙L−1, with higher concentrations requiring dilution to quantify. Our tests showed that the smartphone-based nitrate sensor is sufficiently accurate to be used as an inexpensive instrument for nitrate analysis in the field.
Spectroscopie vibrationnelle exaltée : Raman résonnant et SERS
Authors: BARDEAU Jean-francois , HUMBERT Bernard , D'ORLANDO Angélina , LOUARN Guy
Published: January 2021

Les spectroscopies d’absorption infrarouge et de diffusion Raman, très riches en informations physico-chimiques, souffrent cependant d’une faible sensibilité. En effet, il est difficile par des moyens d’optique classique d’aller sonder en solution ou de caractériser des nano-objets dilués. Il existe cependant plusieurs stratégies pour contourner ce problème en spectroscopie de diffusion Raman et ce chapitre propose de décrire brièvement et de manière non exhaustive ces principales possibilités. Nous présenterons dans la première partie les moyens pour augmenter les sections efficaces de diffusion des systèmes à étudier et dans une deuxième partie les moyens pour augmenter les champs électriques à proximité des molécules en utilisant des propriétés plasmoniques de nanostructures métalliques en champ proche optique.
cDNA library preparation from total RNA extracts of Single-cell marine protists (e.g. Acantharia, Strombidium basimorphum, and Prymnesium parvum) for transcriptome sequencing v1
Authors: Mansour Joost , Anestis Konstantinos , Not Fabrice , John Uwe
Published: January 2021

Many marine protists are not culturable and therefore challenging to study, nonetheless, they are essential in all marine ecosystems. The development of single-cell techniques is allowing for more marine protists to be studied. Such genomic approaches aim to help to disentangle heterotrophic processes such as phagotrophy from osmotrophy and phototrophic-induced anabolic activities. This information will then support cellular and metabolic modeling by better elucidating the physiological mechanisms and quantifying their importance in different scenarios. However, single-cell protocols and low input RNA kits for transcriptomics are usually made for and tested with mammalian cells, as such the feasibility and efficiency of single-cell transcriptomics on highly diverse mixotrophic protists is not always known. Often single-cell transcriptomics of microbial eukaryotes shows low transcript recovery rates and large variability. We report on transcriptomic methods that we have successfully performed on single cells of Acantharia, Strombidium basimorphum, and Prymnesium parvum. This protocol follows up after total RNA extraction (from the protocol at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp6xmrfn) to prepare cDNA libraries for Illumina sequencing. The described protocol uses the SMART-Seq4 kit (Takara #634891) for cDNA synthesis and amplification, but this can also be successfully performed with the NEBNext kit (NEB #E6421). The NEBNext kit protocol is very similar to the protocol described here and generally the manufacture's protocol can be followed but see the notes at step 4 and step 18 of this protocol, and do the final elution after cDNA purification in 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0). The subsequent cDNA library is prepared following the .
nCoV-2019 environmental sample sequencing protocol v1
Authors: Diaz-Munoz Sam , Jose Ivy , Campbell AJ
Published: January 2021

ARTIC amplicon MinION sequencing protocol for nCoV-2019 starting from environmental samples This protocol is a modification of the nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol v2 (GunIt) V.2, a one-pot native barcoding protocol was developed by Josh Quick in conjunction with Oxford Nanopore Technologies, New England Biolabs and BCCDC. This version modifies a few steps from the above protocol to obtain a better yield from low concentration samples. This protocol was implemented in the manuscript: "Environmental Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 at the UC Davis Medical Center" by David Coil et al. Code for data analysis here: https://github.com/sociovirology/sars_cov2_environmental_seq This protocol was developed by the Díaz-Muñoz Lab: Sam Díaz-Muñoz, Ivy José, and A.J. Campbell.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DALAM MELAKUKAN SERVIS KENDARAAN (STUDI KASUS DI AHASS ASTRA HONDA MOTOR KEDUNGSARI KOTA MAGELANG)
Authors: Achsa Andhatu , Wibisono Hamdan Berlian
Published: January 2021

AHASS Astra Motor Kedungsari is engaged in vehicle repair services, in addition to genuine parts to meet the need for replacement of vehicle parts that repair damage. Research conducted to analyze the effect of service quality and facilities on consumer satisfaction in conducting vehicle services at AHASS Astra Motor Kedungsari. The data used are primary data using questionnaire distribution techniques and conducting interviews. For this study the sample obtained amounted to 35 respondents, as well as by purposive sampling technique as for the criterion is someone who has serviced vehicles in AHASS Astra Motor Kedungsari, this research was conducted in February 2020. For the data analysis technique using validity, reliability, reliability, classic assumption test and multiple linear regression equations, and data processing using the SPSS version 25 application, the results of data analysis in accordance with the quality of service that consumer satisfaction in AHASS Astra Motor Kedungsari significantly also provides significant consumer satisfaction at AHASS Astra Motor Kedungsari and is related to simultaneous significant variable quality of service and facilities on significant consumer satisfaction at AHASS Asta Motor Kedungsari Magelang.
Anteseden Perilaku Kewargaorganisasian (Studi Empiris Pada Karyawan PT Papyrus Sakti)
Authors: Saputra Eka Tresna , Askolani Askolani , Ciptagustia Annisa
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran mengenai kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewargaorganisasian di PT Papyrus Sakti dan juga mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap perilaku kewargaorganisasian di PT Papyrus Sakti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan populasi sebanyak 466 karyawan dan sampel 100 karyawan PT Papyrus Sakti dengan menggunakan teknik sampling propotionate stratified random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah koefisien korelasi pearson product moment dan analisis regresi sederhana. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Uji-t untuk melihat pengaruh secara parsial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewargaorganisasian karyawan PT Papyrus Sakti berada pada kategori tinggi, dan hasil koefisien regresi menunjukkan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kewargaorganisasian.
Carlos Rincón: Maestro en Metáforas y Constelaciones
Authors: Gonzalez Keelan Sarah
Published: January 2021

¿Cómo ha sido el recorrido intelectual de Carlos Rincón como crítico literario, investigador e intérprete de los cambios en las culturas y las literaturas latinoamericanas? ¿Cuál fue su formación académica y cómo desarrolló sus tesis sobre la teoría, la historia y la crítica? En este artículo se plantea cómo, desde los inicios de su itinerario intelectual, Rincón pensó en la metáfora como una herramienta de conocimiento que posibilita conectar de una manera creativa la cultura y la poética. Posteriormente, la imagen de las constelaciones de conceptos llevó a otro nivel esta idea de la metáfora, lo cual le permitió al intelectual colombiano emprender una revisión de la historia literaria a partir de una inmersión en el Archivo, algo que le develaría nuevos enigmas, preguntas y rutas de interpretación. Los cambios culturales y sus efectos en la literatura y la historia literaria fueron un tema constante desde el principio de su carrera. Así, en sus últimos trabajos pone en una perspectiva productiva de larga visión el balance crítico de los procesos de la memoria cultural a lo largo de la formación de la nación colombiana. El rescate de autores colombianos de la década de 1950 contemporáneos suyos como Hernando Téllez, Hernando Valencia Goelkel y su amigo el filósofo Francisco Posada hicieron parte de un proyecto más ambicioso sobre la crítica en Colombia en el que estaba trabajando al momento de morir. Los primeros textos quedaron consignados en varios volúmenes. Aunque las preguntas aquí planteadas requieren de una investigación más comprehensiva, por el momento propongo señalar algunos conceptos que guiaron su pensamiento crítico y sus posiciones a lo largo de sus intervenciones, su magisterio y sus publicaciones.
Experimentación y representación en la novela colombiana actual: Juan Cárdenas, Margarita García Robayo y Juan Álvarez
Authors: Torres Perdigón Andrea
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza tres textos de autores colombianos contemporáneos: Juan Cárdenas, Margarita García Robayo y Juan Álvarez. Por medio del análisis de características de las novelas Los estratos, Lo que no aprendí y La ruidosa marcha de los mudos, el artículo explora la relación entre rasgos de lo que llamamos representación, en el sentido de unos referentes sociales e históricos reconocibles, y otros de lo que identificamos como experimentación, en procedimientos formales singulares de cada novela. Proponemos que esta tensión permite pensar de otras maneras los discursos sobre esos mismos referentes reconocibles de la historia y del contexto colombiano contemporáneo.
Reseña del libro Arca e Ira. Con/versaciones en tiempos de deshumanización, de Miguel Rocha Vivas
Authors: Díaz Martínez Sebastián
Published: January 2021

Esta reseña se propone en hacer una presentación crítica del libro del pensador colombiano Miguel Rocha Vivas, titulado Arca e Ira. Con/versaciones en tiempos de deshumanización. En él, Miguel Rocha despliega, desde el uso constante del diálogo, una serie de reflexiones transversales a la pregunta de cómo pensar la humanidad en el marco de las políticas neoliberales actuales.
Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Colombia between 2007 and 2015
Authors: Arias-Monsalve Clara S. , Salas Botero Daniela , Donalisio Maria Rita
Published: January 2021

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica de distribución mundial causada por la bacteria Leptospira. En Colombia, su reporte es obligatorio desde 2007. Objetivo: realizar un análisis epidemiológico de la leptospirosis humana en Colombia a escala nacional, departamental y municipal en el período comprendido entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2015. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio ecológico retrospectivo de tendencia temporal y distribución espacial de los casos de leptospirosis reportados entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2015. Se analizaron las variables de sexo, edad, municipio de residencia, área de residencia (urbana, rural), fecha de inicio de síntomas y letalidad. Resultados: se reportaron un total de 23994 casos sospechosos, de los cuales se confirmó el 39,51%; el 82,4% proviene de zonas urbanas; el 68.87% se presentaron en hombres; la letalidad fue del 2,66% en los hombres y del 2,04% en las mujeres. Los departamentos con mayor número de casos fueron Valle del Cauca (n=2032), Antioquia (n=1 747), Atlántico (n=1159); la incidencia varió entre 2 (Arauca) y 465,4 (Guaviare) por 100 000 habitantes. A nivel municipal, Cali tiene el mayor número de casos (682), seguido de Barranquilla (n=612) y San José del Guaviare (n=448); la incidencia más alta fue 1 597.6 en Pueblo Rico (Risaralda), seguida por Sabanas de San Ángel (Magdalena) con 883.4 y San José del Guaviare (Guaviare) con 742.5; la mayoría de los municipios tuvieron incidencias entre 0 y 50 por 100000 habitantes. Conclusiones: la leptospirosis se distribuye en toda Colombia, con el 85% de los casos concentrados en 10 de los 32 departamentos. A escala municipal, existe una gran variación en las incidencias anuales y se identificaron seis puntos calientes para casos, lo que indica que existen área de

alto riesgo para la enfermedad.
Genetic Characterization of the Central Javanese Duck using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: R Susanti , Ari Yuniastuti , Agustin Dian Kartikasari
Published: January 2021

Duck conservation strategy based on genetic characteristics has been undertaken to preserve indigenous breeds and produce high quality offspring. In addition, the genetic characteristic analysis provides further information for studying avian influenza viruses. The aim of this research was to study the genetic characterisation of indigenous Central Javanese duck in Indonesia using microsatellite markers. Microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSR) or short tandem repeats (STR) of various breeds of Central Javanese duck were analysed on 35 local ducks which consisted of seven variants of Javanese ducks in Central Java. Ten pairs of duck microsatellite primers were used to amplify the DNA from feathers. Nine out of 10 microsatellite loci (90%) demonstrated polymorphic patterns containing 50 alleles. The number of alelles varied from two to 10 alleles at various polymorphic microsatellite loci with an average of 5.56 alelles per locus. From the study, CAUD013 locus was determined as the highest heterozygosity with 0.882 score while CAUD030 locus was the lowest one with 0.034 score.Similarly, CAUD030 locus had the lowest PIC score (0.30) whereas the CAUD013 locus had the highest PIC value (0.869). Hence, it was showed that microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic in several loci for the Central Javanese duck and may be useful for genetic description of other native duck in terms of species conservation.
The Morphological and Biochemical Effects of Feeding Hooker's Pitcher with Formica fusca or Calliphora vicina Larvae
Authors: Wróbel Jacek , Wróbel Mariola , Przybylska Urszula , Telesiński Arkadiusz
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to determine if feeding Hooker’s pitcher (Nepenthes × hookeriana) with blowfly larvae (Calliphora vicina Rob-Desvoidy) or ants (Formica fusca L.) affected the plant’s biometric and biochemical parameters. The research included measurements of length and width of the laminae and pitchers, and the total contents of the ash, assimilation pigments, polyphenols, and flavonoids. These parameters were measured 30 days after the last feeding. This study demonstrated that feeding the plants with blowfly larvae resulted in increases in the lengths and widths of both the laminae and pitchers. Moreover, the laminae had reduced carotenoid content after feeding with blowfly larvae and ants whereas the pitchers of Hooker’s pitcher had increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content after feeding with blowfly larvae. Feeding Hooker’s pitcher plants with blowfly larvae also resulted in a reduction of the total polyphenol content in the laminae whereas the total flavonoid content increased in both the laminae and pitchers of Hooker’s pitcher. Feeding Nepenthes × hookeriana with insects ensures that their nutritional needs are met and leads to pitchers with good physiological condition.
The Impact of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Stroke Survivors: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mustapa Amirah , Justine Maria , Mohd Mustafah Nadia , Manaf Haidzir
Published: January 2021

The deterioration of gait performance following stroke is related to the impairment of sensorimotor function on the paretic side. Improper gait performance in post-stroke with additional diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) on paretic and non-paretic legs may create destabilizing effects, including serious injuries and falls. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DPN on spatiotemporal gait parameters in stroke survivors and determine the correlation of movement functioning and functional balance post-stroke with gait parameters. Ten stroke survivors with DPN, 10 stroke survivors without DPN and 10 healthy controls participated in this case-control study. Movement functioning and functional balance were assessed before the actual testing. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded using the Nexus Vicon motion analysis system. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the gait parameters and Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient was used to identify the correlation between variables. Results showed that stroke survivors with DPN had longer stride time (temporal gait parameter, p = 0.001), lower cadence (p = 0.001) and greater gait variability than those without DPN and the healthy controls. The gait parameters were significantly correlated with movement functioning and functional balance in stroke survivors with DPN (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that DPN possibly affected the gait parameters in stroke survivors. DPN could also play a role in movement functioning and functional balance in stroke survivors.
A Bayesian Approach for Estimation of Coefficients of Variation of Normal Distributions
Authors: Thangjai Warisa , Niwitpong Sa-Aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: January 2021

The coefficient of variation is widely used as a measure of data precision. Confidence intervals for a single coefficient of variation when the data follow a normal distribution that is symmetrical and the difference between the coefficients of variation of two normal populations are considered in this paper. First, the confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation of a normal distribution are obtained with adjusted generalized confidence interval (adjusted GCI), computational, Bayesian, and two adjusted Bayesian approaches. These approaches are compared with existing ones comprising two approximately unbiased estimators, the method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER) and generalized confidence interval (GCI). Second, the confidence intervals for the difference between the coefficients of variation of two normal distributions are proposed using the same approaches, the performances of which are then compared with the existing approaches. The highest posterior density interval was used to estimate the Bayesian confidence interval. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the performance of the confidence intervals. The results of the simulation studies demonstrate that the Bayesian and two adjusted Bayesian approaches were more accurate and better than the others in terms of coverage probabilities and average lengths in both scenarios. Finally, the performances of all of the approaches for both scenarios are illustrated via an empirical study with two real-data examples.
The Trial of Wilhelm Doering: “Public Interest” and Shooting of Mentally Handicapped Children in Shumyachi
Authors: Grakhotskiy A. P.
Published: January 2021

In May 1961, the German law enforcement agencies detained Wilhelm Doering, the commander of one of the mobile squads of Einzatzkommando. The perpetrator was charged with the organization of the slaughter of the Jewish population in a number of settlements in Belarus and Russia, as well as the slaughter of mentally handicapped children in the village of Shumyachi (Smolensk region). Following two trials (1962—1964) W. Doering was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment. The former Nazi managed to avoid responsibility for organizing the slaughter of 16 disabled children living in the Shumyachian boarding house. The Court qualified the offence under consideration as a “second-degree murder”, under which the statute of limitations had expired. In fact, the German judiciary laid the blame for the slaughter of children on the Soviet authorities that “left the children in a helpless state” and the Nazi criminals were characterized as guardians of “public interest” who, by killing children, saved the Russian population and German servicemen from the epidemic. The court verdict never mentioned that, in the Third Reich, the slaughter of mentally ill children was common practice; the crime in Shumyachi was taken out of general context of Nazi atrocities related to the implementation of the “child euthanasia programs.” The verdict handed down to W. Doering was a fact of blatant injustice and trampling upon the memory of thousands of children victims of Nazism.
Patterns of Modern Constitutional Legal Relations
Authors: Lungu E. V.
Published: January 2021

The study of the patterns of the development of constitutional legal relationships allows us to understand the main, determining relationships between subjects and phenomena and, therefore, not only to analyze phenomena that have developed in an objective legal reality, but also to predict the development of constitutional legal relationships in the medium and long term with a high level of probability. The patterns of constitutional legal relationships are considered as systematically repeated historically and politically conditioned interrelated facts aimed at building a rule-of-law State, recognition of a human, his rights and freedoms as the highest value. The paper highlights general and special patterns. General patterns are inherent not only in constitutional legal relations, but also in any other legal relationship in the conditions of the established objective legal reality. General patterns include incompleteness of the normative basis of constitutional legal relations, the desire to expand, and the increase in the density of the normative basis of legal relations under conditions of insufficient systematization of constitutional legislation. Special patterns arising from the peculiarities of the subject matter of the constitutional law regulation include continuity of constitutional legal relations, prevalence of subjective factors in the development of constitutional legal relations, formalization of constitutional legal relations that are central to the system of legal relations. In the light of the revealed patterns, further development of constitutional legal relationships will go along the way of increasing the density of the legal basis of legal relationships, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, involving an increasing range of public relations in the constitutional legal relations. At the same time, the impact of both subjective and objective factors on the content of legal relations will increase.
Problems of Establishing Malfeasance in Bankruptcy
Authors: Subachev A. K.
Published: January 2021

The elements of a crime provided for in Part 1, 2, Art. 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation include a crime situation as a feature of the objective side, i.e. the presence of signs of bankruptcy, the exact establishment of the moment of occurrence of which allows us to clearly determine the time limits of the criminal law prohibition in relation to acts under Part 1, 2 of Art. 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, the understanding of the situation of illegal actions in bankruptcy in special literature and judicial practice is based on a literal, and not substantive, understanding of the provisions of the legislation on insolvency, to which the dispositions of the above offenses are referred. In this regard, when classifying the offense under Part 1, 2, Art. 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, criminologists propose to be guided in fact by procedural presumptions of insolvency and the grounds for initiating a case on the debtor’s insolvency. Current judicial practice follows the same path. The stated understanding is not only methodologically incorrect, but also significantly reduces the criminal law potential of the mentioned norms of criminal law by narrowing the scope of their action. In turn, the paper pays attention to the substantive and legal grounds for stating that the debtor has signs of bankruptcy, which should be taken into account when classifying the deed as illegal actions in bankruptcy. The authors formulates his own position on the question of determining the moment of the emergence of the situation of the investigated crimes.
The Holy See and the European Union: Legal Regulation of Relations
Authors: Ishchenk N. G.
Published: January 2021

The author sets the goal to study the nature and system of regulation of relations between the Holy See and the European Union, as well as to odentify the main problems and trends in the further development and improvement of the legal regulation of these relations. The paper examines historical and theoretical aspects of the legal status of the Vatican, issues related to the participation of the Holy See in the European integration. The author analyzes a number of agreements concluded between the Holy See (Vatican) and the European Union in various fields, examines the role and place of the Commission of Episcopal Conferences of the European Union (COMECE) as one of the instruments of influence of the Holy See in the EU. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the Holy See has a fairly wide range of means not only for the successful development of bilateral relations with the European Union, but also for exerting a certain impact on both the external and internal EU policies in various fields. The system of legal regulation of relations between the Holy See and the European Union is quite developed and covers a diverse range of issues in the economic, political, socio-cultural and other spheres.
Criminal Liability for Illegal Securities Transactions
Authors: Vinner E. R.
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes the most common typical forms of infringements and the main aspects of liability for illegal securities transactions provided for by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The author refers to such typical infringements as counterfeit of securities; counterfeit securities usage (regardless of their issuers); issue (emission) of securities carried out in prohibited ways or in violation of the requirements established by law; introduction of illegally issued securities into circulation; violation of the established order of circulation (illegal circulation) of securities; illegal use of so-called insider information. In order to define these standard forms the author analyses the national criminal legislation, as well as the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Germany, Holland, Georgia, Denmark, Spain, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Poland, Uzbekistan, Estonia.
Once again to the issue of the protection of genetic information
Authors: Radosteva Julia V.
Published: January 2021

The sphere of genetic research and genetic materials is one of the most effective public security issues. Goal prove that genetic information and genetic databases should be considered as special bodies of criminal law protection, requiring special legal norms for their treatment. Tasks: сonsider the meaningful difference between genetic information and genetic data; to determine the directions of the development of the mechanism of criminal law protection of genetic information. Results: There is terminological difference between the definitions "genetic information" and "genetic data". Taking into account the special nature of this information, it is obvious at the legislative level of the regime with it. The approach to the processing of this type of information about a limited range of circumstances in which actions with genetic data are permissible should also be changed.
Number of Shoes Tested During a Running Shoe Mass Perception Task May Not Influence Accuracy
Authors: Saxton James G. , Greenya Joel G. , Kliethermes Christopher L. , Senchina David S.
Published: January 2021

Commercially available running shoes differ in terms of their relative masses. It is unclear how well consumers may be able to judge mass differences from wearing alone, though previous studies suggest that perceptual outcomes may be influenced by experimental design factors such as the length of time worn. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the number of shoes used in a testing session impacts wearers' mass perceptual accuracy. Forty-eight young adult males ran for 5 min in 4 pairs of shoes (their own running shoes plus 3 unfamiliar pairs) before being asked whether an unfamiliar running shoe was heavier or lighter than their own, and to indicate perceptions of shoe heaviness (mass), comfort, stability, and temperature using visual analogue scales (VAS). A subset (n=18) was also asked to provide global rank orderings after wearing all 4 pairs of shoes. Participants were 67% accurate in the heavier/lighter task and 64% accurate in the global rank order task. Global rank order scores and VAS heaviness marks were significantly and positively correlated. Mass accuracy scores (n=48) were then compared to a previous study (n=25) performed by the same investigators using the same methods but with 6 pairs of shoes instead of 4. No difference in accuracy scores for either the heavier/lighter comparisons or global rank order scores between the study populations was found, suggesting that the number of test shoes may not influence mass perception accuracy.
Compreensão de Sentidos Atribuídos à Ayahuasca: Percursos Terapêuticos do Uso Ritualístico
Authors: ASSISI Jaqueline Tavares de , CONCEICAO Maria Inês Gandolfo
Published: January 2021

Ayahuasca is a psychoactive drink of Amazonian origin prepared from vine known as jagube and/or mariri (Banisteriopsis caapi) and chacrona bush (Psychotria viridis). Its cultural and ritualistic use have been recognized from millennia by indigenous ethnic groups in the Western Amazon and gained worldwide influence in the 1980s through the expansion of it religious use. In the biomedical field, studies have attested the safety in the administration of the beverage in humans and found features of physical and mental wellbeing on users. This article aims to discuss the results of a research that investigated life histories of people with therapeutic itineraries connected to the ritualistic use of ayahuasca, from a phenomenological-existential understanding and gestalt-therapy approach. The methodology was based on a phenomenological stance and in life history method, enabling an apprehension of lived experience of the rituals. Thus, it was verified that the ritualistic experiences and the therapeutic itineraries contributed in the participants' recognition that health is a posture of maturity or wisdom associated to their relations with the world, attributing to ayahuasca the capacity to operate re-significations in the daily process of self-care and, above all, in love of oneself.
Mães adolescentes com bebês em UTI neonatal: reflexões fenomenológicas sobre a vida e a morte
Authors: SILVA Janine Conceição Araújo , MELO Symone Fernandes de
Published: January 2021

Adolescent motherhood is a relevant subject for the reality of health services in Brazil, considering that this phenomenon has an important impact on adolescents' lives. Children of adolescent mothers may be a potential audience for the Neonatal Intensive Care Units, a setting of strong emotions, where mothers are facing the illness and death of their babies. This study aims to understand the experience of motherhood for adolescent mothers of infants hospitalized in Neonatal ICU, from the heideggerian Hermeneutic Phenomenology. The sample is composed of five adolescents aged 15 to 19. The construction of the data came from a triggering question: How is it for you to be a teenager and the mother of a baby hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit? The analysis was based on the heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. The narratives of adolescents shed light on some facets of the phenomenon under study: the place of family relationships; the ruptures and changes arising from motherhood; the fear raised by the neonatal ICU environment; becoming a mother by the child care; the presence of religion as a defense and the fear of dealing with the finitude of the baby.