bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Millimeter Observations of the Type II SN 2023ixf: Constraints on the Proximate Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Berger Edo , Keating Garrett K. , Margutti Raffaella , Maeda Keiichi , Alexander Kate D. , Cendes Yvette , Eftekhari Tarraneh , Gurwell Mark , Hiramatsu Daichi , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Laskar Tanmoy , Rao Ramprasad , Williams Peter K. G.
Published: July 2023

We present 1.3 mm (230 GHz) observations of the recent and nearby Type II supernova, SN 2023ixf, obtained with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 2.6–18.6 days after explosion. The observations were obtained as part the SMA Large Program, POETS (Pursuit of Extragalactic Transients with the SMA). We do not detect any emission at the location of SN 2023ixf, with the deepest limits of L

ν
(230 GHz) ≲ 8.6 × 1025 erg s−1 Hz−1 at 2.7 and 7.7 days, and L

ν
(230 GHz) ≲ 3.4 × 1025 erg s−1 Hz−1 at 18.6 days. These limits are about a factor of 2 times dimmer than the millimeter emission from SN 2011dh (IIb), about 1 order of magnitude dimmer compared to SN 1993J (IIb) and SN 2018ivc (IIL), and about 30 times dimmer than the most luminous nonrelativistic SNe in the millimeter band (Type IIb/Ib/Ic). Using these limits in the context of analytical models that include synchrotron self-absorption and free–free absorption, we place constraints on the proximate circumstellar medium around the progenitor star, to a scale of ∼2 × 1015 cm, excluding the range

M

̇

∼
few
×

10

−
6

−

10

−
2

M
⊙ yr−1 (for a wind velocity, v

w
= 115 km s−1, and ejecta velocity, v
ej ∼ (1 − 2) × 104 km s−1). These results are consistent with an inference of the mass-loss rate based on optical spectroscopy (∼2 × 10−2
M
⊙ yr−1 for v

w
= 115 km s−1), but are in tension with the inference from hard X-rays (∼7 × 10−4
M
⊙ yr−1 for v

w
= 115 km s−1). This tension may be alleviated by a nonhomogeneous and confined CSM, consistent with results from high-resolution optical spectroscopy.
The use of species traits in invasive seaweed research: a systematic review
Authors: Mabey Abigail L. , Rius Marc , Smale Dan A. , Catford Jane A.
Published: July 2023

Species traits have been used extensively in invasion science, providing common metrics across taxa and ecosystems that enable comparisons based on the functional responses and effects of biota. However, most work on traits in invasion science has focused on terrestrial plants, despite the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to invasive species, such as invasive seaweeds. Research that focuses on individual species of invasive seaweeds has intensified in recent years, yet few studies have synthesised the information learned on species traits to identify commonalities or knowledge gaps in invasion science. Through a systematic review of 322 papers that investigate the traits of seaweed species from across the globe, here we ask – what are the trends and gaps in research that investigates traits of invasive seaweeds? To address this question, we aimed to: (1) identify publication rates and characteristics of the studies examining traits of invasive seaweeds; (2) clarify which and how many species have been investigated; and (3) assess which traits have been measured and how those traits have been used. Our review revealed that study regions for research on invasive seaweed traits were concentrated in Europe and North America. In addition, we found a total of 158 species that have been investigated, with a large proportion of studies (35%) focusing on just two species, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida. Our study revealed that the most researched traits were morphological, which were used to address a wide range of research questions. Key research gaps included relatively few studies from Africa, Asia and South America, a lack of papers researching more than one species and a lack of measurements of biomechanical traits. Altogether, this review provides a thorough overview of research progress on species traits of invasive seaweeds and highlights the existing knowledge gaps that may lead to new ways in which the traits of invasive seaweeds can be used to answer important ecological questions.
Clinical and Educational Training About Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Freeman Brandi K. , Smith Tyler K.
Published: July 2023

Education and clinical training about diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) is essential for the personal and professional development of pediatric residents in preparation for a career providing health care to diverse pediatric populations. The ability of pediatric residents to reflect on their lived experiences while gaining perspectives about their patients has the potential to positively affect the health care of patients and decrease health inequities. Clinical rotations were established for students from underrepresented populations in medicine as a pathway for matching and diversifying pediatric residency programs with the potential to help diversify the pediatric workforce. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education formulated standards about DEIJ in pediatric residency training. Curricula, internships, and mentoring programs have been created by medical institutions and professional medical organizations to provide learning experiences about DEIJ and foster a sense of belonging. This review article highlights the multifactorial approach needed to achieve the goal of diversifying the pediatric workforce through DEIJ instruction in pediatric residency training.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(7):e256–e260.]
On the logarithmic coefficients for some classes defined by subordination
Authors: Adegani Ebrahim Analouei , Alimohammadi Davood , Bulboacă Teodor , Cho Nak Eun , Bidkham Mahmood
Published: July 2023

The logarithmic coefficients of univalent functions play an important role in different estimates in the theory of univalent functions. In this paper, due to the significant importance of the study of these coefficients, we find the upper bounds for some expressions associated with the logarithmic coefficients of functions that belong to some classes defined by using the subordination. Moreover, we get the best upper bounds for the logarithmic coefficients of some subclasses of analytic functions defined and studied in many earlier papers.
Shadow Work: Architecting While Black in British Guiana
Authors: Wilkinson Michelle Joan
Published: July 2023

My grandfather, Charles Eric Wilkinson, was a black architect-builder involved in major government-sponsored building and infrastructure projects in British Guiana from the 1930s to the 1970s. I place Wilkinson’s built work and its surviving archive of bookkeeping ledgers, letters, photographs, and architectural drawings in conversation with material from national archives in Guyana and England, adding oral histories from family members. White architects stationed in British Guiana and the Caribbean reported back to England about the “skilled craftsmen” (carpenters and building contractors) that they observed. Based on family lore and archives, I question the interactions between the supposed foreign “expert” architects and the local builders, seeking to document this period more accurately through architectural work that has remained in the shadows. The backdrop to my research is the rise of foreign-aided, self-help building schemes in British Guiana in 1954, the same year that Wilkinson endeavored to build a concrete house for his family. British and US architects were involved in British Guiana’s planning and housing development work. Howard Mackey, a Black American professor at Howard University, was on a team contributing to the self-help project. This period of Britain transitioning its so-called dependencies to self-sufficiencies provides an important context for understanding the role that black builders would play in shaping the built environment of the (independent) nation to come.
Real-Time Big Data Processing Based on a Distributed Computing Mechanism in a Single Server
Authors: Rashidov Akbar , Akhatov Akmal Rustamovich , Nazarov Fayzullo Makhmadiyarovich
Published: July 2023

Today, the problem of processing big data in real time is observed not only in unstructured big data but also in dealing with structured data in databases of small businesses and organizations due to the rapid increase in data volume. Traditional methods and approaches are not considered effective to solve the problem. Moreover, most of the modern effective approaches are based on the cooperation of several computers, and they require plenty of expenses, so it is not suitable for small organizations. The approach proposed in this chapter aims to effectively process big data in real time, bypassing the shortcomings above. The proposed approach is based on the use of a distributed computing mechanism on a single server. The chapter reveals the architecture of this approach, the functional scheme, the essence of the approach, and the effectiveness of the approach. Moreover, in the chapter improving the effectiveness of the approach through machine learning is discussed. Experimental results have been obtained based on the approach and they compared with the traditional approach.
Modeling the Impact of Social Media Influencers on Intention to Visit Ecotourism Destinations in the Global South
Authors: Yasin Abid , Raza Syed Hassan , Pembecioglu Nilufer , Zaman Umer , Ogadimma Emenyeonu C , Khan Arsala Marium , Khan Sanan Waheed
Published: July 2023

Social media influencers promote ecotourism by sharing their personal experiences, opinions, and recommendations about eco-friendly destinations with their followers. Moreover, social media influencers can encourage their followers to adopt eco-friendly travel practices, such as reducing their carbon footprint, using public transportation, and staying at eco-friendly accommodations. To investigate the influence of social media influencers on ecotourism, an online survey was conducted with 500 active social media users. The study's results showed that social media influencer expertise, credibility, and interactivity significantly influence the intentions to visit ecotourism sites. Therefore, it can be concluded that social media influencers are crucial in promoting ecotourism by using their large online following to generate interest in sustainable travel and raise awareness about environmental issues. Their efforts can increase demand for eco-friendly travel options and contribute to preserving the environment.
The Chemistry Clinic
Authors: Willison Debra , Ingram Sharon E. , Liggat John J. , McMillan Brian George
Published: July 2023

Combining the authors' interest in developing student employability skills through authentic assessment with the desire to embed knowledge exchange activity into the curriculum led to the development and delivery of an innovative and unique module created at the University of Strathclyde. This model can be utilized by colleagues in the field of higher education in their own setting. Development occurred through existing research into the enhancement of employability skills, the importance of authentic assessment, and the knowledge exchange experience of the authors. This chapter describes the development of the Chemistry Clinic approach to enhancing student engagement with industry. Elements in the design of the module are discussed; their inclusion is justified based on existing research. This study will be a useful model for lecturers, tutors, career advisers, and other practitioners involved in work integrated learning.
Multidisciplinary Approaches to Reflective Practices Supporting Student Transitions Into Employment
Authors: Bizley Samuel C. , Branson Amanda , Fletcher Kate , Ho Aileen K. , Millmore Amanda , Sinclair-Graham Sharon
Published: July 2023

This chapter considers the approach of three academic disciplines, Law, Psychology, and Pharmacy, in their use of reflective practices in undergraduate teaching. Each discipline uses portfolios or reflective journals to support their students' transition into employment, by introducing fledgling employability skills and attributes, encouraging self-awareness and an ability to articulate skills and competences, and by supporting students to becoming reflective professionals of the future, whether they pursue their degree as a pathway into their respective professions or as a stepping-stone to another career. By sharing different good practice models, this chapter offers a range of ways that the reader can adapt their own practice to support students to increase their self-awareness, modelling different approaches to reflective practice.
Cycle of Violence, Transport Chain Theory, and Election Disputes in Developing Countries
Authors: Aluko Opeyemi Idowu
Published: July 2023

Violence is a common index in many countries worldwide. This chapter postulates a theoretical construct of violence cycle theory. This explains that violence has a ‘genetic' structure, and it has its origin, the receptors, and manifests in cycles in human societies. This typology is used to explain the ‘genetic' structure of violence with a focus on developing countries. The studies further focused on election violence as a precursor of the cycle of violence theory. Nigeria's elections and election violence are use as yardstick for point violence input, output, and feedback on the society.
Deconstructing “Federal Might” as an Electoral Phenomenon in Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo Charles , Faleti Stephen A.
Published: July 2023

This chapter attempts a deconstruction of the term ‘federal might,' as one to the dominant elections-related pejorative phrases that dominate framings for the manipulation of electoral processes by holders of federal executive powers in Nigeria. From a phenomenological approach, the chapter draws from the positions of primary participants in the 2018 gubernatorial elections in Ekiti gubernatorial election in Ekiti State to explain the meaning to explain the meaning and patterns of manifestation of ‘federal might' in elections. Findings reveal that opposition parties acknowledge "federal might" to be the legal and arrogated powers of the incumbents which may manifest both in benign (significant security presence) and baneful (using security and other state's institutions) forms to influence the electoral outcome against opposition parties in an election. ‘Federal might,' consequently, describes one of the ills bedeviling elections in Nigeria's nascent democracy.
A Systems Design Approach to Fuel Measurement for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
Authors:   Liquid Measurement Systems, Connors Mark
Published: July 2023

Aircraft development efforts are rapidly shifting toward the use of distributed electric propulsion. As the industry moves along a path to full electrification, hybrid propulsion systems will be increasingly employed where battery technology does not support a fully electric design. The fuel systems in new aircraft designs can be challenging, and the existing regulatory framework may not be capable of dealing with unique aircraft designs that do not neatly fit within existing categories. This presents a challenge to aircraft designers. Fuel remains essential to the propulsion system, and an optimal, yet simple fuel system will be necessary to leave room in the design trade space for more challenging and risky functions. Understanding the certification requirements and having a basic knowledge of the tradeoffs in fuel measurement accuracy are the key elements necessary to support a systems approach to optimizing a fuel measurement subsystem.
Ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis among patients admitted to a medical college hospital
Authors: Khadeeja Shadin , Shambhu Rashmi , Bappal Anupama , Sharief Shama
Published: July 2023

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes with ocular involvement. This is a retrospective analysis of patients with SJS and TEN admitted in a medical college hospital from June 2016 to May 2019. Six among 21 patients had ocular involvement. Five patients with mild grade of ocular involvement were managed with conservative treatment. One patient with TEN and bilateral severe grade involvement underwent bedside application of amniotic membrane. Performing this technique can become challenging. Hence, we look forward towards the inventions of easier variations of the technique.
Bilateral optic neuritis as a presentation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease in a child
Authors: Raghavan Sai Lakshmi , Prabu Rajesh , Mohan Shruti , Nagarajan Suruthi
Published: July 2023

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), although rare, is now recognized as a distinct demyelinating disorder. The entity differs from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in terms of clinical presentation, radiodiagnostic features, and prognosis. Here, we present a 5-year-old female who presented with bilateral, painless loss of vision since 3 days. There was optic nerve enhancement, but no brain parenchymal lesions. She tested negative for Aquaporin-4 antibodies, and CSF analysis showed no oligoclonal bands. Serum analysis revealed positivity for myelin oligodendrocyte antibodies. There was full visual recovery on treatment with systemic steroids. The report highlights the need for testing for MOG–IgG antibodies, especially in children with bilateral optic neuritis. It is essential to differentiate the entity from other demyelinating conditions. The prognosis is usually benign.
Bilateral acute iris transillumination after photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Dhami Nimrata Bajaj , Dhami Abhinav , Dhami Gobinder Singh , Malhi Ravinder , Gupta Vishali
Published: July 2023

A 25-year-old male presented with ciliary congestion, pigmented cells in the anterior chamber, and raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes (left > right) two weeks after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The patient was treated for acute anterior uveitis with topical steroids, moxifloxacin, cycloplegic, and antiglaucoma eye drops. Systemic workup was unremarkable except elevated IgG CMV levels. Despite treatment, inflammation increased and IOP became treatment-refractory (peaked to 50 mmHg), with florid pigment deposition on lens capsule, diffuse iris transillumination defects, and dilated distorted pupils. Suspecting bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT), topical moxifloxacin was withdrawn with gradual resolution of disease over four months.
A rare case of primary lymphoma of the ciliary body – A case report
Authors: Palanivelu Mahesh Shanmugam , Suryakanth Shwetha , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Mishra Divyansh Kailashchandra , Agrawal Surbhi
Published: July 2023

A 73-year-old lady presented with complicated cataract, white tumor hypopyon, and an elevated, nonpigmented mass at the root of iris. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed ciliary body involvement suspicious of atypical melanoma. Patient underwent enucleation. Histopathology with immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers clinched the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of ciliary body, with positive lymphoma markers CD20, CD3, BCL2, and PAX5 and negative melanoma markers HMB45 and S100. Primary lymphoma of ciliary body, especially the DLBCL type, is rare. Our report shows that primary lymphoma of ciliary body may be considered as a differential in cases with atypical features. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are valuable tools in diagnosing challenging cases.
Bilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to attempted abortion related hemorrhage
Authors: Deb Amit Kumar , Ghag Gaurav , Gera Pratik , Kasturi Nirupama , Sarkar Sandip
Published: July 2023

We report a unique case of bilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with co-existing idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in a young female following severe blood loss from abortion. At presentation, she had bilateral gross diminution of vision (hand movements and light perception in right & left eyes respectively) and bilateral pallid disc edema. Lumbar puncture and brain imaging were suggestive of IIH. Temporal association of vision loss with acute blood loss as well as fluorescein angiography were suggestive of bilateral NAION. Patient was treated with intravenous (IV) mannitol, IV methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids, oral acetazolamide, repeat lumbar punctures, and blood transfusion. Vision in right eye improved to 20/40 & left eye 20/500 at sixth month. Multidisciplinary approach is, thus, needed in management of such a case.
Severe sterile inflammatory keratitis associated with recurrent epithelial erosion after small incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Hou Jie , Lei Yulin , Li Qi , Ma Zhixing , Dang Guangfu
Published: July 2023

A 32-year-old man had undergone small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) that was complicated by intraoperative epithelial detachment in the right eye. Corneal epithelial erosion reoccurred at two and four months after surgery. At the third time of epithelial erosion, slit-lamp examination revealed dense white infiltrates throughout the corneal cap-stromal interface. The patient was initially managed with high-dose topical antibiotics. After the negative culture and Gram staining results from the interface washout, diffuse lamellar keratitis was confirmed and topical steroids were administered. The inflammation resolved, and corneal transparency was achieved after treatment. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are highly critical for prognosis.
La eco-colonialidad del extractivismo del litio y la agonía socioambiental del Salar de Atacama: El lado oscuro de la electromovilidad “verde”
Authors: Jerez Barbara Paz , Bolados Paola , Torres Robinson
Published: July 2023

Este artículo analiza los impactos socioambientales, hídricos y culturales de la creciente extracción de litio en la cuenca del Salar de Atacama en Chile, desde las contribuciones del programa modernidad/colonialidad y las discusiones decoloniales de la Ecología Política. El litio en tanto mineral estratégico para las políticas de transiciones verde globales representa una eco-colonialidad gatillada por los metabolismos de la electromovilidad que reproduce asimetrías estructurales e históricas entre el Norte y Sur Global, que contribuyen a la agonía socioambiental de la cuenca del Salar de Atacama. Se analizan testimonios de las comunidades Lickanantay y fuentes documentales, evidenciando las tensiones en torno a los derechos territoriales implicados en los metabolismos socioambientales del litio. El trabajo concluye que la extracción de este mineral avanza a costa de una sobreexplotación ecosistémica insostenible para las comunidades indígenas, y las cuencas de los salares, planteando la necesidad de replantear alternativas de transiciones justas y sostenibles.
Red Betel Leaf Bioactive Compounds as ERα Receptor Inhibitors In Silico and MCF-7 Cell Anticancer In Vitro
Authors: Nursyarah Ayu Tri , Safithri Mega , Andrianto Dimas
Published: July 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Excess endogenous estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer. Red betel leaf herbal plants have been used as an alternative cervical and colon cancer treatment. This study aimed to obtain the active compounds that play a role in ERα receptor inhibitors in silico and to determine the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of the extract and fraction of red betel leaf against MCF-7 cells. We use in silico research method using the YASARA Structure software with anti-breast cancer receptors, namely 3ERT, and in vitro using the MTT test on the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of MCF-7 cells. There are 38 compounds that were obtained from the research. The results of the in silico test showed that the bioactive compound that played a role in inhibiting the ERα was 2-(4-Hydro xyphenyl)-2-phenyl-N(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-acetamide (44578655), a compound from water fraction,  with an inhibition constant of 2.82 × 10-8 µM and Gibbs free energy of –10.2880 Kcal/mol. In vitro results showed that the best cell growth inhibition value was obtained from the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 500 ppm of 73.42%. The conclusions of this study indicate that the bioactive compound of red betel leaf is water fraction is the best fraction inhibition. However, the hexane fraction proved to have cytotoxic activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
The Effect of Cryopreservation on Cytochrome Oxidase1 (CO1) Gene and the Relationship with Spermatozoa Motility of Albino Pangasius catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Abinawanto  , Alimuddin  , Boediono Arief , Kusrini Eni
Published: July 2023

Cryopreservation is a technique for storing cells and tissues at very low temperatures for the possible usage of the stored cells and tissues throughout the year. Sperm cell cryopreservation in some species causes a decrease in sperm quality and DNA damage. Inappropriate cryopreservation protocols can cause changes in sperm physiology. Mitochondria are organelles that play a role in producing energy for sperm motility. Mitochondria have DNA molecules with small sizes compared to structures from nuclear DNA. This study analyzed the effect of cryopreservation on sperm motility and the Cytochrome Oxidase1 (COI) gene. The CO1 gene in mitochondrial DNA plays a role in energy production for spermatozoa motility. The cryopreservation was performed using skim milk and 10% methanol cryoprotectant, and the temperature in the equilibration process was 4-5°C for 10 minutes. Cryopreservation took place for 14 days in the freezer at -80°C. In addition, the thawing process was performed for 1-2 minutes at 40°C. This study found that the number of lesions per 10 kb in the CO1 gene in post-equilibration spermatozoa was (9.24±3.74), and post-thawing spermatozoa (was 10.26±7.54). Spermatozoa motility was obtained in fresh spermatozoa, i.e., 87±1.5%, post-equilibration spermatozoa 79±4.5%, and post-thawing spermatozoa 30±3.2%. This study concluded that cryopreservation of spermatozoa causes CO1 gene lesions and that in cryopreserved spermatozoa, there is a decrease in spermatozoa motility compared to fresh spermatozoa.
Antifungal Substances Produced by B. subtilis Strain W3.15 Inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum and Trigger Cellular Damage
Authors: Putri Rury Eryna , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Ambarsari Laksmi , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: July 2023

Soybean Fusarium wilt and root rot disease caused by a necrotrophic ascomycete pathogen, F. oxysporum, triggered severe damage to the plant tissues and organs and impacted heavy losses. Biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis, were commonly used to produce a broad spectrum of antifungal substances and were gradually used in biocontrol studies for plant disease management. Investigation and determination of the inhibiting mechanism of antifungal substance produced by B. subtilis on F. oxysporum should be done to protect the soybean plant. This study revealed that basal nutrient broth (NB) gives the best antifungal activity. The stationary phase of the bacterial growth curve was obtained on two days of cultivation and showed the maximum antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Ethyl acetate (EA) extraction of bacterial supernatant generated crude EA extract, which showed half inhibition (IC50) at 306.42 µg/ml obtained from the dose-response regression curve. Post-treatment mycelia of F. oxysporum with bacterial extract were demonstrated as hyphal deformation followed by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Furthermore, cellular leakage on fungal cells that may be triggered by antifungal compounds from strain W3.15 occurred. Last, the related antifungal compounds were predicted to be epicatechin and benzophenone from the LC-MS/MS analysis of crude EA extract. Accordingly, the biocontrol agent B. subtilis strain W3.15 promises a strong potency for biofungicide development.
Detection of Avirulence Gene AvrPi9 in Magnaporthe oryzae, a Rice Blast Fungus, Using a Combination of RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a Techniques
Authors: Puanprapai Piyawan , Songkumarn Pattavipha , Toojinda Theerayut , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan
Published: July 2023

Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice production worldwide, which causes by an ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The virulence of the rice blast fungus is determined by avirulence genes (Avr genes). Therefore, the identification of Avr genes is important for rice resistance variety improvement. Avr genes are currently identified using the pathogenicity assay with rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) or PCR amplification and gene sequencing, both of which are time-consuming and labor-intensive methods. This study aims to develop a simple method for Avr gene identification using AvrPi9 as a model. A recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique was carried out to amplify AvrPi9 by incubating rice blast fungus genomic DNA with gene-specific primers at 37°C for 20 min. Cas12a-based AvrPi9 detection was performed by incubating at 37°C for 5 min. The fluorescence signal was visualized by the naked eye under an LED transilluminator. The study found that AvrPi9 can be amplified and detected using RPA and a Cas12a-based method. AvrPi9_crRNA2 has a higher efficiency than AvrPi9_crRNA1. The sensitivity of the method was 3.8 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA1 and 1.9 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA2. This RPA and Cas12a combination technique is a newer method for Avr gene detection in plants and has several advantages over traditional methods. It is considered easier to use and more efficient in terms of time and labor, making it a potentially useful tool for plant breeders and pathologists.
Limitations of Human and Civil Rights in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Activity of the State and Law
Authors: Marszałek-Kawa Joanna , Holovko Kateryna
Published: July 2023

Restrictions in the sphere of civil rights and freedoms introduced by governments led to the numerous demonstrations of citizens in the whole world. During street protests, they expressed their disapproval of the radical measures taken by authorities. The main research problem of this paper relates to the impact of repression on the course of social protest using the example of Estonia. The findings of the study will serve as the basis for formulating more general conclusions concerning protests in the pandemic era. We will describe repressive and non-repressive protest policing from the spring of 2020 to the autumn of 2021. Having in mind the above, we formulated two principal research aims. The first of them refers to the identification of the main reasons behind the organisations of protests in Estonia and what steps the demonstrators took. The other, equally important research aim is to establish what factors influenced the course of demonstrations. In particular, the response of the police to civil disorder will be analysed. The thesis posed in this paper assumes that the high level of political culture, resulting in trust in the institution of the state, contributes to the de-escalation of protests and influences the non-repressive behaviour of the police towards demonstrators. The method used in this study is the qualitative source analysis text analysis. It draws on the technique of content analysis of the specific media coverage of the activities of the police and protest participants during the indicated period. The study rests on the reports that appeared on the most important websites and Internet portals reporting on the course of the protests.
Influence of financing water protection measures in the field of transport on water quality of water bodies
Authors: Chernikov N. A. , Tvardovskaya N. V. , Okhremenko I. M.
Published: July 2023

Transport is a major water consumer and source of environmental pollution, including water resources. In order to preserve and improve water quality in water bodies at industrial and transport enterprises, including railway enterprises, water protection measures entailing permanent signifi cant funding are required.

   The study is aimed to develop a methodology for determining dependence of water quality of the water body on the real financing of water protection measures; theoretical justifi cation of the choice of water quality of the water body from the quality of wastewater (WW) of water users, discharging them into the water body and amount of financing of water protection measures.

   The solution of the task of determining the best water quality in a water body under limited fi nancing of water protection measures and rational distribution of fi nancial resources between water users, including transport infrastructure objects, is proposed. Financing of water protection measures in Russia is less than abroad and has been decreasing over the last three decades. The limits for pollutant concentrations in pollutant discharges into water bodies and water disposal systems in Russia are often set very strict, sometimes more stringent than those for drinking water, which leads to unjustifi ed spending of investment costs. It is pointed out that at present in Russia market relations in the field of nature and, in particular, water use have not been formed. The basic diffi culties at realization of these relations in our country are designated. When using the proposed methodology, the rational quality of water resources of water users by limiting pollutants and the rational distribution of funds for water protection measures among water users within the limited amount of financing are determined. The extent to which water quality in a water body changes is also determined. The possibility of practical application of the proposed methodology is considered.
On some mechanical characteristics of the ballast in assessing the stress-strain behaviour of railway tracks
Authors: Smirnov V. I. , Vidyushenkov S. A.
Published: July 2023

On the basis of recent research, a review has been carried out on the experimental determination of the mechanical parameters of the materials used as ballast material. Considerable attention is given to the well-founded selection of input data for the calculation, i. e. quantitative characteristics of the elastic properties of the materials used to form the ballast layer, which is treated as a continuous medium. It appears that this approach makes it possible to assess correctly the influence of grain (grain size distribution) distribution, ballast layer thickness and material type on the stability of a railway track to vertical and horizontal disturbances. The data of this review show that material properties and particle size have a signifi cant impact on elastic moduli and in finite-element modelling of static strength problems, grain-size distribution and material properties are only taken into account through these moduli. Experimental results show a non-linear dependence of the elastic moduli on the stress behaviour of the ballast prism, which is related to a densifi cation of the medium in compression. However, it is established that, after a suffi ciently large number of loading cycles, the medium can be treated as linearly elastic. In general, the results of the research allow establishing requirements for damping, geometric and granulometric parameters of the ballast prism.
Selected technical ceramics as nanoreinforcement for polyvinyl butyral/epoxy polymer composites
Authors:   Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, Bajić Danica , Čekerevac Damjan ,   Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Marjanović Milica ,   Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, Perković Srđa ,   Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, Fidanovski Bojana ,   Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, Rigueiro Constança ,   Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Published: July 2023

In this study, various technical ceramics in the form of nanostructures, known for their exceptional mechanical properties and thermal resistance, were analysed as potential reinforcement of a polymer matrix system. A combined, hybrid composite matrix was considered, consisting of epoxy resin and polyvinyl butyral. The following nanostructures were incorporated into the polymer matrix by ultrasonication and solvent-casting technique: B4C, TiB2, CNT and INT-WS2. Polymer composites were prepared by solvent-casting of neat hybrid polymer matrix and polymer matrix reinforcing with each chosen individual nanostructure from a temporary solvent – ethanol. The characterisation of the obtained polymer composite samples encompassed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, hardness measurement and examination of resistance to cavitation wear.
The Functional Strategy of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) at UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) Jatinegara Locomotive Depot
Authors: Burhan Karunia
Published: July 2023

Developments and changes in the business climate in industry era 4.0 now requires companies to be more careful in making  to a decision that is comprehensive which later will underlie keput usan that is strategy . By formulating a strategy means the company has made a formulation of what must be done both at the corporate level (company), business and functional. In this study will be discussed about how the functional level strategy carried out by PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) / KAI at UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) Jatinegara Locomotive Dipo . UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) Jatinegara locomotive depot,  a workshop for its fleet of locomotives busiest in Pul au serve the needs of Java in a series of long distance train relation 1 Jakarta area of operations throughout the regions of oper ation in Java. As a UPT which is very influential on the smooth supply of railroad services , an effective and efficient strategy is certainly needed . In the study, it will simulate the kaizen method in the UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) of the Jatinegara Locomotive Dipo in carrying out its functional strategy by making direct observations and comparing qualitative data from interviews .
Analysis Of Influence On Pt. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk Financial Performance In Measuring Financial Statements In 2018-2019 Period
Authors: Yola Amanda  , Setyo Riyanto
Published: July 2023

This research aims to see how the financial performance of PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk in the period 2018-2019 by measuring financial statements using ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is an appropriate method for measuring financial performance using Liquidity, Solvency, Activity, and Profitability ratios. Data and information in this study were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result of this calculation is that the liquidity ratio has increased, which is good for the company. The solvency ratio shows that the company is not sufficient to guarantee the debt provided by creditors so that the company can be said to be in bad condition. The ratio of the company’s activity has increased and also decreased. Whereas the profitability ratio results always decrease so the company has suffered losses, the company must increase its financial performance again.
Policy of Permission of Permit To Exit Indonesia’s Region In Immigration Perspective
Authors: Syakir
Published: July 2023

In the Immigration Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration Immigration is the matter of the traffic of people entering and leaving the Indonesian Territory and its supervision in order to maintain the upholding of the country's sovereignty, in the sense that we need to underline the word traffic, in immigration means synonymous with the movement of people, when speaking history at the beginning of the leadership of the immigration department at the time of the transition from the Dutch government to the Indonesian government adheres to the immigration law policy is open (open door) to selective (selective policy) for the national interest, in the case of traffic there is an inspection carried out by immigration officials who have absolute authority in carrying out their functions to provide entry or exit signs for Indonesian Citizens and Foreign Citizens (Foreigners) . Immigration checks by immigration officials facts in the field not all who want to enter or exit must be given permission, of course there is a legal basis or discretion in the implementation, for example when the departure of Indonesian citizens who want to work abroad and foreigners want to leave the territory of Indonesia, are prevented each month on departure, selective policy policies have a security and prosperity approach in that they can not only screen people who want to come to the Region Indonesia, based on the data obtained by researchers that there will be an explanation in there is a policy (selective policy) which we have been unaware of and we have applied for a long time that a selective policy exists on departure which results in people not getting an exit sign and then prevented in the future. appointment.
The Effect of Company Growth, Current Ratio and Leverage Ratio of Dividend Policy in Trade, Services, and Companies Investment That is on The IDX
Authors: Daulat Tambun Saribu Holfian , Januardin Januardin
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Company Growth, Current Ratio and Leverage Ratio on Dividend Policy in Trade, Services and Investment Companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The independent variables used in this study are, Company Growth, Current Ratio and Debt Equity Ratio while the dependent variable is dividend policy. The sampling method used was purposive sampling technique. The number of samples obtained was 15 companies. The data used in this research is secondary data. Analysis techniques The analysis model uses multiple linear regression equations. The results show that partially the leverage ratio has a negative effect on dividend policy. The results of this study indicate simultaneously, Company Growth, Current Ratio and Debt Equity Ratio significantly influence dividend policy with a significance level of 0,000. Adjusted Square value shows the results of 12.7% of the dividend policy influenced while the remaining 87.3% is influenced by other variables outside this study.
Affirmation of School Management and Success of Islamic Religious Education Learning
Authors: Paulus Kristo , Irsyadiah Nur , Rifa’i Ahmad
Published: July 2023

School management is an activity that is carried out effectively and efficiently to improve school performance, including learning Islamic religious education. Therefore it is necessary to affirm that school management will be more organized and focused on goals. Schools that run a good managerial system will certainly pay attention to the quality of education in them so that learning in these schools will run optimally. The object of this research is Islamic education learning in schools with good school management. The research methodology used is qualitative research methods with descriptive methods. The findings in this study show that schools that carry out affirmation of school management will be able to encourage the success of Islamic Education learning in these schools.
The Influence of Social Media on Consumer Purchase Intentions: Like Behavior as a Moderator
Authors: Christi Mercyano , Junaedi Shellyana
Published: July 2023

his study aims to analyze the effect of e-WOM, brand image, brand awareness on perceived value and purchase intention with liking behavior as moderation. The object of this research is the Lactona brand on social media. Valid respondents in this study amounted to 145 respondents. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. Consumers often use social networking sites that are studied through electronic word of mouth references, consumers can easily obtain various types of brand information that drive purchase intention. Based on the perspective of consumer behavior, a research model was developed to determine what factors influence consumer value perceptions and purchase intentions on social media. Of all the variables, only liking behavior is insignificant. The results of this study can be used as a reference for further research on research development.
Hong Kong Public Social Communication Strategies in a Demonstration Against the Proposed Extradition Law
Authors: Rico Rico , Fatimah Siti , Akbar Hayat Muzahid
Published: July 2023

Hong Kong, one of the global financial centers, was plunged into chaos for almost two months straight from June to July 2019. For eight weeks, demonstrations by the Hong Kong people have been going on and on until they become violent. The demonstration was intended to deny the proposed extradition law, which would allow Hong Kong prisoners, including foreigners, to be extradited to China. The extradition bill is also called to threaten the freedom of local people, to threaten democracy and law in the Hong Kong region. The different political systems between China and Hong Kong make the relationship both vulnerable. As a special region in China, Hong Kong needs to get the attention of the Chinese government by conceding its rights and upholding its systems so that demonstrations need not be too worried. Hong Kong people are making a variety of attempts at demonstration and even some social communication strategies are used to reject the traditional bill. The method used in this study is qualitative deskriftive with case studies of direct observation of sites and several demonstration articles in Hong Kong. As a result of this study, several unique strategies of Hong Kong's demonstrations have been carried out to maintain a message being delivered by another group that the Hong Kong government has even brought attention to the world.
Determinants of Non-Performing Bank Loans Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange For The 2016-2020 Period
Authors: Nugroho Irfan Setyo , Endri Endri
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyse the effect of BOPO, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin, Oil Price, inflation, and Interest Rate on Non-performing Loans (NPL) of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2020. The total population of banks listed on the IDX is 46 banks. In contrast, the sample in this study is part of the population, which is 32 banks. This study is quantitative, so the data analysis method used is a statistical method—the analysis of these data using Econometric Views (Eviews) software version 12.0. The results showed that BOPO has a positive and significant effect on bank NPLs, LDR has a positive but not significant effect on NPLs, CAR has a negative and significant effect on NPLs, NIM has a negative and significant effect on NPLs, Oil Price has a positive and significant effect on NPLs, inflation has a negative but not significant effect on NPLs, and Interest Rate has a positive and significant effect on NPLs. Banks must pay attention to the reference and rules of the regulator, the Financial Services Authority, as a guideline where the maximum limit for the NPL ratio is 5% so that the quality of banking credit can be maintained. Investors it is expected to be able to make considerations in investing by analyzing the company's condition through financial statements published by banks by looking at the ratio of Non-Performing Loans as a crucial consideration.
Periodontal Disease – The Emergence of a Risk for Systemic Conditions: Pre-term Low Birth Weight
Authors: Yeo BK , Lim LP , Paquette DW , Williams RC
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses the problem of adverse pregnancy outcome in relation to periodontal disease. There is compelling evidence that a link exists between pre-term low birth weight (PLBW) and periodontitis. Although 25% to 50% of PLBW deliveries occur without any known aetiology, there is increasing evidence that infection may play a significant role in pre-term delivery. A model explaining the plausible relationship is proposed based upon the concept of infection leading to a cascade of inflammatory reactions associated with pre-term labour and periodontal disease. Current evidence has pointed to an interest in dental intervention studies to control periodontal disease as one of the potential strategies to reduce pre-term labour. This paper reviews the potential association between periodontal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes.