bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NTRK2 expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors with a special emphasis on the clinicopathological and prognostic impacts
Authors: Sasa Keita , Son Raku , Oguchi Akiko , Ashizawa Karin , Hasegawa Nobuhiko , Kubota Daisuke , Suehara Yoshiyuki , Takagi Tatsuya , Okubo Taketo , Akaike Keisuke , Sugimoto Kiichi , Takahashi Makoto , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Takashi , Mine Shinji , Fukunaga Tetsu , Ishijima Muneaki , Hayashi Takuo , Yao Takashi , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Saito Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2024

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typically characterized by activating mutations of the KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Recently, the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion was reported in a small subset of wild-type GIST. We examined trk IHC and NTRK gene expressions in GIST. Pan-trk immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive in 25 (all 16 duodenal and 9 out of 16 small intestinal GISTs) of 139 cases, and all pan-trk positive cases showed diffuse and strong expression of c-kit. Interestingly, all of these cases showed only trkB but not trkA/trkC expression. Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) analysis identified increased number of genes whose promoters were activated in pan-trk/trkB positive GISTs. Imbalanced expression of NTRK2, which suggests the presence of NTRK2 fusion, was not observed in any of trkB positive GISTs, despite higher mRNA expression. TrkB expression was found in duodenal GISTs and more than half of small intestinal GISTs, and this subset of cases showed poor prognosis. However, there was not clear difference in clinical outcomes according to the trkB expression status in small intestinal GISTs. These findings may provide a possible hypothesis for trkB overexpression contributing to the tumorigenesis and aggressive clinical outcome in GISTs of duodenal origin.
Template subtraction based methods for non-invasive fetal electrocardiography extraction
Authors: Jaros Rene , Tomicova Eva , Martinek Radek
Published: January 2024

Assessment of fetal heart rate (fHR) through non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) is challenging task. This study compares the performance of five template subtraction (TS) methods on Labor (12 5-min recordings) and Pregnancy datasets (10 20-min recordings). The methods include TS without adaptation, TS using singular value decomposition (TS$$_{\textrm{SVD}}$$

SVD

), TS using linear prediction (TS$$_{\textrm{LP}}$$

LP

), TS using scaling factor (TS$$_{\textrm{SF}}$$

SF

), and sequential analysis (SA). The influence of the chosen maternal wavelet for the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) detector is also compared. The F1 score was used to measure performance. Each recording in both datasets consisted of four signals, resulting in a total comparison of 88 signals for the TS-based methods. The study reported the following results: F1 = 95.71% with TS, F1 = 95.93% with TS$$_{\textrm{SVD}}$$

SVD

, F1 = 95.30% with TS$$_{\textrm{LP}}$$

LP

, F1 = 95.82% with TS$$_{\textrm{SF}}$$

SF

, and F1 = 95.99% with SA. The study identified gaus3 as the suitable maternal wavelet for fetal R-peak detection using the CWT detector. Furthermore, the study classified signals from the tested datasets into categories of high, medium, and low quality, providing valuable insights for subsequent fECG signal extraction. This research contributes to advancing the understanding of non-invasive fECG signal processing and lays the groundwork for improving fetal monitoring in clinical settings.
FGL2 promotes tumour growth and attenuates infiltration of activated immune cells in melanoma and ovarian cancer models
Authors: Galpin Kristianne J. C. , Rodriguez Galaxia M. , Maranda Vincent , Cook David P. , Macdonald Elizabeth , Murshed Humaira , Zhao Shan , McCloskey Curtis W. , Chruscinski Andrzej , Levy Gary A. , Ardolino Michele , Vanderhyden Barbara C.
Published: January 2024

The tumour microenvironment is infiltrated by immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which contribute to tumour escape and impede immunotherapy outcomes. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a Treg effector protein, inhibits immune cell populations, via receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIII, leading to downregulation of CD86 in antigen presenting cells and limiting T cell activation. Increased FGL2 expression is associated with tumour progression and poor survival in several different cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme, lung, renal, liver, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Querying scRNA-seq human cancer data shows FGL2 is produced by cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME), particularly monocytes and macrophages as well as T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), while cancer cells have minimal expression of FGL2. We studied the role of FGL2 exclusively produced by cells in the TME, by leveraging Fgl2 knockout mice. We tested two murine models of cancer in which the role of FGL2 has not been previously studied: epithelial ovarian cancer and melanoma. We show that absence of FGL2 leads to a more activated TME, including activated DCs (CD86+, CD40+) and T cells (CD25+, TIGIT+), as well as demonstrating for the first time that the absence of FGL2 leads to more activated natural killer cells (DNAM-1+, NKG2D+) in the TME. Furthermore, the absence of FGL2 leads to prolonged survival in the B16F10 melanoma model, while the absence of FGL2 synergizes with oncolytic virus to prolong survival in the ID8-p53−/−Brca2−/− ovarian cancer model. In conclusion, targeting FGL2 is a promising cancer treatment strategy alone and in combination immunotherapies.
Acquiring of photosensitivity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and inside infected macrophages is associated with accumulation of endogenous Zn–porphyrins
Authors: Shleeva Margarita O. , Linge Irina A. , Gligonov Ivan A. , Vostroknutova Galina N. , Shashin Denis M. , Tsedilin Andrey M. , Apt Alexander S. , Kaprelyants Arseny S. , Savitsky Alexander P.
Published: January 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is able to transition into a dormant state, causing the latent state of tuberculosis. Dormant mycobacteria acquire resistance to all known antibacterial drugs and can survive in the human body for decades before becoming active. In the dormant forms of M. tuberculosis, the synthesis of porphyrins and its Zn-complexes significantly increased when 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was added to the growth medium. Transcriptome analysis revealed an activation of 8 genes involved in the metabolism of tetrapyrroles during the Mtb transition into a dormant state, which may lead to the observed accumulation of free porphyrins. Dormant Mtb viability was reduced by more than 99.99% under illumination for 30 min (300 J/cm2) with 565 nm light that correspond for Zn–porphyrin and coproporphyrin absorptions. We did not observe any PDI effect in vitro using active bacteria grown without ALA. However, after accumulation of active cells in lung macrophages and their persistence within macrophages for several days in the presence of ALA, a significant sensitivity of active Mtb cells (ca. 99.99%) to light exposure was developed. These findings create a perspective for the treatment of latent and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by the eradication of the pathogen in order to prevent recurrence of this disease.
Analysis of multipacting threshold sensitivity to the random distributions of the secondary electron yield parameters
Authors: Kazemi Firozeh , Mostajeran Maryam , Romanov Gennady
Published: January 2024

The way multipacting develops, depends strongly on the secondary emission property of the surface material. The knowledge of secondary electron yield is crucial for accurate prediction of the multipacting threshold. Variations in secondary electron yield parameters from experimental measurements create uncertainty, stemming from handling and surface preparation, and these uncertainties significantly affect multipacting threshold predictions. Despite their significance, the previous studies on the multipacting phenomenon did not adequately address the effect of an assumed random distribution of the secondary emission parameters on the multipacting threshold. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive statistical study on how the different random distributions of the secondary emission parameters and, as a result, the uncertainty in the secondary electron yield affect multipacting thresholds. We focus on three commonly used distributions, namely uniform, normal, and truncated normal distributions, to define the uncertainty of random inputs. We use the chaos polynomial expansion method to determine how much each of the random parameters contributes to the multipacting threshold uncertainty. Additionally, we calculate Sobol sensitivity indices to evaluate the impact of the individual parameters or groups of parameters on the model outputs and study how different random distributions of these parameters affected the Sobol index results.
Comparative effectiveness of moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe therapy versus high-intensity statin monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jang Ji-Yong , Kim Seonji , Cho Jaehyeong , Chun Sung-youn , You Seng Chan , Kim Jung-Sun
Published: January 2024

The long-term outcome of first-line moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy for secondary prevention after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared to high-intensity statin monotherapy remains elusive. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of moderate-intensity statin and ezetimibe combination therapy with high-intensity statin monotherapy. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective, cohort study of patients with ACS from 2013 to 2019. The patients using combination therapy were matched (1:1) to those using monotherapy. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality. We estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards regression. After propensity score matching, 10,723 pairs were selected. Men accounted for 70% of the patients and 37% aged > 70 years. The primary endpoint occurred in 1297 patients (12.1%) in the combination group and in 1426 patients (13.3%) in the monotherapy group, and decreased risk (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92, P < 0.001) in the combination group. Among the patients with ACS, moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy was associated with decreased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with high-intensity statin monotherapy in a nationwide population-based study representing routine clinical practice.
Characterization of immunomodulating agents from Staphylococcus aureus for priming immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Liu Chin-Chih , Wolf Matthew , Ortego Ruth , Grencewicz Dennis , Sadler Tammy , Eng Charis
Published: January 2024

Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). However, a subset of TNBCs devoid of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) or PD-L1 expression generally has a poor response to immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to sensitize TNBCs to ICB by harnessing the immunomodulating potential of S. aureus, a breast-resident bacterium. We show that intratumoral injection of spent culture media from S. aureus recruits TILs and suppresses tumor growth in a preclinical TNBC model. We further demonstrate that α-hemolysin (HLA), an S. aureus-produced molecule, increases the levels of CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in tumors, delays tumor growth, and triggers tumor necrosis. Mechanistically, while tumor cells treated with HLA display Gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage and a cellular phenotype resembling pyroptosis, splenic T cells incubated with HLA lead to selective expansion of CD8+ T cells. Notably, intratumoral HLA injection prior to ICB augments the therapeutic efficacy compared to ICB alone. This study uncovers novel immunomodulatory properties of HLA and suggests that intratumoral administration of HLA could be a potential priming strategy to expand the population of TNBC patients who may respond to ICB.
Antihypertensive effects of the combined extract of Sorghum bicolor, Vigna angularis, and Eleusine coracana in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Jeong Eunwoo , Yun Damin , Baek Youjin , Kim Hyun-Joo , Lee Hyeon Gyu
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the antihypertensive effects of the combined extract of sorghum, adzuki bean, and finger millet (SAFE) on spontaneously hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): WKY, SHR, SAFE (500 mg/kg SAFE), and CAP (50 mg/kg captopril). SAFE significantly decreased the lean-to-fat mass ratio with no notable changes in body weight, food intake, or food efficiency ratio, and it effectively lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, comparable to CAP. Moreover, it significantly reduced the cardiac mass index and alleviated cardiac fibrosis. SAFE did not induce hepatotoxicity, as indicated by the maintenance of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the normal range, confirming its safety. Taken together, these findings suggested that SAFE can be used as a dietary supplement for blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Time in target range of systolic blood pressure and clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients: results of the COOL-AF registry
Authors: Krittayaphong Rungroj , Chichareon Ply , Komoltri Chulalak , Yindeengam Ahthit , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: January 2024

We aimed to investigate the relationship between time in target range of systolic blood pressure (SBP-TTr) and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We analyzed the results from multicenter AF registry in Thailand. Blood pressure was recorded at baseline and at every 6 monthly follow-up visit. SBP-TTr were calculated using the Rosendaal method, based on a target SBP 120–140 mmHg. The outcomes were death, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SSE), major bleeding, and heart failure. A total of 3355 patients were studied (mean age 67.8 years; 41.9% female). Average follow-up time was 32.1 ± 8.3 months. SBP-TTr was classified into 3 groups according to the tertiles. The incidence rates of all-cause death, SSE, major bleeding, and heart failure were 3.90 (3.51–4.34), 1.52 (1.27–1.80), 2.2 (1.90–2.53), and 2.83 (2.49–3.21) per 100 person-years, respectively. Patients in the 3rd tertile of SBP-TTr had lower rates of death, major bleeding and heart failure with adjusted hazard ratios 0.62 (0.48–0.80), p < 0.001, 0.64 (0.44–0.92), p = 0.016, and 0.61 (0.44–0.84), p = 0.003, respectively, compared to 1st SBP-TTr tertile. In conclusion, high SBP-TTr was associated with better clinical outcomes compared to other groups with lower SBP-TTr. This underscores the importance of good blood pressure control in AF patients.
Effects of ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate on cardiac and mitochondrial function during donation after circulatory death heart transplantation
Authors: Seefeldt Jacob Marthinsen , Libai Yaara , Berg Katrine , Jespersen Nichlas Riise , Lassen Thomas Ravn , Dalsgaard Frederik Flyvholm , Ryhammer Pia , Pedersen Michael , Ilkjaer Lars Bo , Hu Michiel A. , Erasmus Michiel E. , Nielsen Roni R. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Caspi Oren , Eiskjær Hans , Moeslund Niels
Published: January 2024

Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) allows assessment of therapeutic interventions prior to donation after circulatory death transplantation. Sodium-3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) increases cardiac output in heart failure patients and diminishes ischemia–reperfusion injury, presumably by improving mitochondrial metabolism. We investigated effects of 3-OHB on cardiac and mitochondrial function in transplanted hearts and in cardiac organoids. Donor pigs (n = 14) underwent circulatory death followed by NRP. Following static cold storage, hearts were transplanted into recipient pigs. 3-OHB or Ringer’s acetate infusions were initiated during NRP and after transplantation. We evaluated hemodynamics and mitochondrial function. 3-OHB mediated effects on contractility, relaxation, calcium, and conduction were tested in cardiac organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Following NRP, 3-OHB increased cardiac output (P < 0.0001) by increasing stroke volume (P = 0.006), dP/dt (P = 0.02) and reducing arterial elastance (P = 0.02). Following transplantation, infusion of 3-OHB maintained mitochondrial respiration (P = 0.009) but caused inotropy-resistant vasoplegia that prevented weaning. In cardiac organoids, 3-OHB increased contraction amplitude (P = 0.002) and shortened contraction duration (P = 0.013) without affecting calcium handling or conduction velocity. 3-OHB had beneficial cardiac effects and may have a potential to secure cardiac function during heart transplantation. Further studies are needed to optimize administration practice in donors and recipients and to validate the effect on mitochondrial function.
A new representation method of the relative position between objects in the image based on the histogram of position sensing forces
Authors: Tian Zeyu
Published: January 2024

Let the computer apprehend and describe the representation of the relative position between objects of the image by the way of the common intuition of the human is an important task of the computer vision and pattern recognition. To complete this task, the position sensing parameter and histogram of position sensing forces are proposed in this paper. The position sensing parameter can represent the spatial relative position of the point with regard to the reference object, and the point is from the argument object. The histogram of position sensing forces is composed of the position sensing parameter of each point in the argument object and the gravitational forces between each point of the argument object and each point of the reference object. The histogram of position sensing forces can simulate the human perception for the directional spatial relations between the argument object and reference object of the image, considering the shape, size, angular and metric information of the spatial object.
Circulating exosomal miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p are associated with bladder fibrosis of diabetic cystopathy
Authors: Xue Bo , Kadeerhan Gaohaer , Sun Li-bin , Chen Yong-quan , Hu Xiao-feng , Zhang Zi-kuan , Wang Dong-wen
Published: January 2024

Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is a prevalent etiology of bladder dysfunction in individuals with longstanding diabetes, frequently leading to bladder interstitial fibrosis. Research investigating the initial pathological alterations of DCP is notably scarce. To comprehend the development of fibrosis and find effective biomarkers for its diagnosis, we prepared streptozotocin-induced long-term diabetic SD rats exhibiting a type 1 diabetes phenotype and bladder fibrosis in histology detection. After observing myofibroblast differentiation from rats’ primary bladder fibroblasts with immunofluorescence, we isolated fibroblasts derived exosomes and performed exosomal miRNA sequencing. The co-differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis) (miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p) were screened through a joint analysis of diabetic rats and long-term patients’ plasma data (GES97123) downloaded from the GEO database. Then two co-DEMis were validated by quantitative PCR on exosomes derived from diabetic rats’ plasma. Following with a series of analysis, including target mRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) prediction, hubgenes identification, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and gene enrichment analysis, a miRNA-mediated genetic regulatory network consisting of two miRNAs, nine TFs, and thirty target mRNAs were identified in relation to fibrotic processes. Thus, circulating exosomal miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p are associated with bladder fibrosis of DCP, and the crucial genes in regulatory network might hold immense significance in studying the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis, which deserves further exploration.
Neural substrates of cough control during coughing
Authors: Sugi Takafumi , Inubushi Tomoo , Ohno Tomohisa , Onishi Yuya , Isobe Takashi , Shigematsu Takashi , Hanai Satoshi , Okada Yoshiro , Takahashi Ryosuke , Tawara Yuichi , Suzuki Chie , Kanno Toshihiko , Magata Yasuhiro , Fujishima Ichiro , Yoshikawa Etsuji , Ouchi Yasuomi
Published: January 2024

Cough is known as a protective reflex to keep the airway free from harmful substances. Although brain activity during cough was previously examined mainly by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with model analysis, this method does not capture real brain activity during cough. To obtain accurate measurements of brain activity during cough, we conducted whole-brain scans during different coughing tasks while correcting for head motion using a restraint-free positron emission tomography (PET) system. Twenty-four healthy right-handed males underwent multiple PET scans with [15O]H2O. Four tasks were performed during scans: “resting”; “voluntary cough (VC)”, which simply repeated spontaneous coughing; “induced cough (IC)”, where participants coughed in response to an acid stimulus in the cough‐inducing method with tartaric acid (CiTA); and “suppressed cough (SC)”, where coughing was suppressed against CiTA. The whole brain analyses of motion-corrected data revealed that VC chiefly activated the cerebellum extending to pons. In contrast, CiTA-related tasks (IC and SC) activated the higher sensory regions of the cerebral cortex and associated brain regions. The present results suggest that brain activity during simple cough is controlled chiefly by infratentorial areas, whereas manipulating cough predominantly requires the higher sensory brain regions to allow top-down control of information from the periphery.
The stiffness adjustable wheel mechanism based on compliant spoke deformation
Authors: Yoon Hyeungyu , Lee KangYub , Lee Jongmyeong , Kwon Joonhyuk , Seo TaeWon
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a variable-stiffness mechanism for non-pneumatic tires such that can actively adapt to various environments. Non-pneumatic tire is a compliant wheel structure that offers superior robustness and adaptability compared to pneumatic tires. However, the tire designed for certain terrain exhibits relatively high rolling resistance and inadequate suspension. To address these problems, a stiffness-adjustable wheel (SAW) that can modify the force applied to the contact surface is introduced in this study. In addition, the shape of SAW is optimized to maintain a desirable range of stiffness under different conditions. The optimization is conducted with experimental method, because nonlinear response of material and interference between components make it difficult to predict the characteristic of the wheel at large deformation. The SAW has potential for application in various mobile platforms to provide adequate stiffness for a variety of terrains and driving conditions.
The Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling in pulmonary hypertension by interfering with BMPR2/Caveolin-1 binding
Authors: Tomita Shinya , Nakanishi Naohiko , Ogata Takehiro , Higuchi Yusuke , Sakamoto Akira , Tsuji Yumika , Suga Takaomi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: January 2024

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) and Cavin-1 are components of caveolae, both of which interact with and influence the composition and stabilization of caveolae. CAV1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2) is localized in caveolae associated with CAV1 and is commonly mutated in PAH. Here, we show that BMP/Smad signaling is suppressed in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells of CAV1 knockout mice. Moreover, hypoxia enhances the CAV1/Cavin-1 interaction but attenuates the CAV1/BMPR2 interaction and BMPR2 membrane localization in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Both Cavin-1 and BMPR2 are associated with the CAV1 scaffolding domain. Cavin-1 decreases BMPR2 membrane localization by inhibiting the interaction of BMPR2 with CAV1 and reduces Smad signal transduction in PAECs. Furthermore, Cavin-1 knockdown is resistant to CAV1-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo. We demonstrate that the Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling and is a promising target for the treatment of PAH.
Increased urinary creatinine during hibernation and day roosting in the Eastern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in Korea
Authors: Ryu Heungjin , Kinoshita Kodzue , Joo Sungbae , Choi Yu-Seong , Kim Sun-Sook
Published: January 2024

Torpor and arousal cycles, both daily and seasonal (e.g. hibernation), are crucial for small mammals, including bats, to maintain the energy and water balance. The alternation between torpor and arousal leads to metabolic changes, leaving traceable evidence of metabolic wastes in urine. In this study we investigated urinary creatinine and acetoacetate (a ketone body) in the Eastern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in Mungyeong, South Korea. We found an increase in urinary creatinine during torpor in summer, indicating changes in renal water reabsorption rates during the active season. Although we could not confirm ketonuria in hibernating bats due to a methodological limitation caused by the small amount of urine, we verified an increase in urinary creatinine concentration during hibernation. This finding suggests that managing water stress resulting from evaporative water loss is one of key reasons for arousal during hibernation in Eastern bent-wing bats.
Multi-kingdom microbial signatures in excess body weight colorectal cancer based on global metagenomic analysis
Authors: Zhu Xinyue , Xu Pingping , Zhu Ruixin , Gao Wenxing , Yin Wenjing , Lan Ping , Zhu Lixin , Jiao Na
Published: January 2024

Excess body weight (EBW) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is linked to lower colonoscopy compliance. Here, we extensively analyzed 981 metagenome samples from multiple cohorts to pinpoint the specific microbial signatures and their potential capability distinguishing EBW patients with CRC. The gut microbiome displayed considerable variations between EBW and lean CRC. We identify 44 and 37 distinct multi-kingdom microbial species differentiating CRC and controls in EBW and lean populations, respectively. Unique bacterial-fungal associations are also observed between EBW-CRC and lean-CRC. Our analysis revealed specific microbial functions in EBW-CRC, including D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. The best-performing classifier for EBW-CRC, comprising 12 bacterial and three fungal species, achieved an AUROC of 0.90, which was robustly validated across three independent cohorts (AUROC = 0.96, 0.94, and 0.80). Pathogenic microbial species, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Clostridioides difficile and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are EBW-CRC specific signatures. This work unearths the specific multi-kingdom microbial signatures for EBW-CRC and lean CRC, which may contribute to precision diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Differential methylation analysis in neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Reho Paolo , Saez-Atienzar Sara , Ruffo Paola , Solaiman Sultana , Shah Zalak , Chia Ruth , Kaivola Karri , Traynor Bryan J. , Tilley Bension S. , Gentleman Steve M. , Hodges Angela K. , Aarsland Dag , Monuki Edwin S. , Newell Kathy L. , Woltjer Randy , Albert Marilyn S. , Dawson Ted M. , Rosenthal Liana S. , Troncoso Juan C. , Pletnikova Olga , Serrano Geidy E. , Beach Thomas G. , Easwaran Hariharan P. , Scholz Sonja W.
Published: January 2024

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia in the elderly population. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation mapping of cerebellar tissue from pathologically confirmed DLB cases and controls to study the epigenetic profile of this understudied disease. After quality control filtering, 728,197 CpG-sites in 278 cases and 172 controls were available for the analysis. We undertook an epigenome-wide association study, which found a differential methylation signature in DLB cases. Our analysis identified seven differentially methylated probes and three regions associated with DLB. The most significant CpGs were located in ARSB (cg16086807), LINC00173 (cg18800161), and MGRN1 (cg16250093). Functional enrichment evaluations found widespread epigenetic dysregulation in genes associated with neuron-to-neuron synapse, postsynaptic specialization, postsynaptic density, and CTCF-mediated synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential importance of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of DLB and provides insights into the modified genes, regions and pathways that may guide therapeutic developments.
Different binding modalities of quercetin to inositol-requiring enzyme 1 of S. cerevisiae and human lead to opposite regulation
Authors: Mahdizadeh S. Jalil , Grandén Johan , Pelizzari-Raymundo Diana , Guillory Xavier , Carlesso Antonio , Chevet Eric , Eriksson Leif A.
Published: January 2024

The flavonoid Quercetin (Qe) was identified as an activator of Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) in S. cerevisiae (scIre1p), but its impact on human IRE1 (hIRE1) remains controversial due to the absence of a conserved Qe binding site. We have explored the binding modes and effect of Qe on both scIre1p and hIRE1 dimers using in silico and in vitro approaches. The activation site in scIre1p stably accommodates both Qe and its derivative Quercitrin (Qi), thus enhancing the stability of the RNase pocket. However, the corresponding region in hIRE1 does not bind any of the two molecules. Instead, we show that both Qe and Qi block the RNase activity of hIRE1 in vitro, with sub-micromolar IC50 values. Our results provide a rationale for why Qe is an activator in scIre1p but a potent inhibitor in hIRE1. The identification of a new allosteric site in hIRE1 opens a promising window for drug development and UPR modulation.
Deformation twins as a probe for tribologically induced stress states
Authors: Dollmann Antje , Kübel Christian , Tavakkoli Vahid , Eder Stefan J. , Feuerbacher Michael , Liening Tim , Kauffmann Alexander , Rau Julia , Greiner Christian
Published: January 2024

Friction and wear of metals are critically influenced by the microstructures of the bodies constituting the tribological contact. Understanding the microstructural evolution taking place over the lifetime of a tribological system therefore is crucial for strategically designing tribological systems with tailored friction and wear properties. Here, we focus on the single-crystalline High-Entropy Alloy CoCrFeMnNi that is prone to form twins at room temperature. Deformation twins feature a pronounced orientation dependence with a tension-compression anisotropy, a distinct strain release in an extended volume and robust onset stresses. This makes deformation twinning an ideal probe to experimentally investigate the complex stress fields occurring in a tribological contact. Our results unambiguously show a grain orientation dependence of twinning under tribological load. It is clearly shown, that twinning cannot be attributed to a single crystal direction parallel to a sample coordinate axes. With deformation twins in the microstructure, stress field models can be validated to make them useable for all different tribological systems.
Large-scale photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara affect solar power generation potential globally
Authors: Long Jingchao , Lu Zhengyao , Miller Paul A. , Pongratz Julia , Guan Dabo , Smith Benjamin , Zhu Zhiwei , Xu Jianjun , Zhang Qiong
Published: January 2024

Globally, solar projects are being rapidly built or planned, particularly in high solar potential regions with high energy demand. However, their energy generation potential is highly related to the weather condition. Here we use state-of-the-art Earth system model simulations to investigate how large photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara Desert could impact the global cloud cover and solar generation potential through disturbed atmospheric teleconnections. The results indicate negative impacts on solar potential in North Africa (locally), Middle East, Southern Europe, India, Eastern China, Japan, Eastern Australia, and Southwestern US, and positive impacts in Central and South America, the Caribbean, Central & Eastern US, Scandinavia and South Africa, reaching a magnitude of ±5% in remote regions seasonally. Diagnostics suggest that large-scale atmospheric circulation changes are responsible for the global impacts. International cooperation is essential to mitigate the potential risks of future large-scale solar projects in drylands, which could impact energy production.
High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation
Authors: Bourtsoukidis Efstratios , Pozzer Andrea , Williams Jonathan , Makowski David , Peñuelas Josep , Matthaios Vasileios N. , Lazoglou Georgia , Yañez-Serrano Ana Maria , Lelieveld Jos , Ciais Philippe , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Daskalakis Nikos , Sciare Jean
Published: January 2024

Terrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C−1) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistry – climate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures.
Disaccharide compositional analysis of chondroitin sulphate using WAX HILIC-MS with pre-column procainamide labelling; application to the placenta in pre-eclampsia
Authors: Antia Imeobong U. , Hills Frank A. , Shah Ajit J.
Published: January 2024

The disaccharide composition of placental chondroitin sulphate was analysed following pre-column labelling. This revealed changes in chondroitin sulphate in various pregnancy conditions and showed increased sulphation is related to maternal labour.
Recent progress in biomaterials-driven ferroptosis for cancer therapy
Authors: Xiao Nianting , Xiong Su , Zhou Ziwei , Zhong Min , Bai Huayang , Li Qiyu , Tang Yaqin , Xie Jing
Published: January 2024

This paper summarizes the application of biomedical nanomaterials including hydrogels for the ferroptosis driven tumours treatment, and the application of various nanomaterials in ferroptosis was categorizes and reviewed.
Hyperbranched polymers: growing richer in flavours with time
Authors: Gayen Arun Kumar , Singla Runa , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: January 2024

Newer avenues for creative utilization of hyperbranched polymers has relied on the numerous peripherally located functional groups to generate core–shell amphiphilicity, Janus amphiphilicity, clickable scaffolds and multifunctional crosslinkers.
PES and transport properties of the He⋯HBr complex from kinetic theory and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Aghababaei Fatemeh , Nemati-Kande Ebrahim
Published: January 2024

The CC solution of the Waldman–Snider equation along with the MD were used to obtain the viscosity and diffusion coefficients of He⋯HBr vdW complex from an ab initio PES calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pv5z-BF level.
ATRP catalysts of tetradentate guanidine ligands – do guanidine donors induce a faster atom transfer?
Authors: Kröckert Konstantin W. , Garg Felix , Heck Joshua , Heinz Michel V. , Lange Justin , Schmidt Regina , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: January 2024

Tripodal tetradentate N donor ligands stabilise the most active ATRP catalyst systems.
Tuning valence tautomerism in a family of dinuclear cobalt complexes incorporating a conjugated bridging bis(dioxolene) ligand with weak communication
Authors: Fischer Tristan E. , Janetzki Jett T. , M. Zahir F. Zahra , Gable Robert W. , Starikova Alyona A. , Boskovic Colette
Published: January 2024

Judicious pairing of ancillary and redox-active ligands affords thermally-induced two-step valence tautomerism for a dinuclear cobalt complex bridged by a conjugated bis(dioxolene) ligand.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a complex of photochromic spiropyran in a merocyanine form and cobalt(ii) hexafluoroacetylacetonate
Authors: Osipov Nikita G. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Denisov Nikolay N. , Otsuka Akihiro , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: January 2024

A merocyanine isomer of photochromic 8-methoxy-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitro-spiro[chromene-2,2′-indole] spiropyran forms a complex with cobalt(ii) hexafluoroacetylacetonate. CoII has a high-spin state in a distorted octahedral environment. SQUID and shows slow magnetic relaxation.
Evaluating the impact of phytosynthesized micronutrient nanoparticles on the growth and propagation of mulberry cuttings: dose determination and toxicity concerns
Authors: Haydar Md Salman , Saha Puja , Mandal Palash , Roy Swarnendu
Published: January 2024

Impact of micronutrient nanoparticles on mulberry.
Effects of short-term carbohydrate deprivation on glycolipid metabolism and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zhang Kuiliang , Fan Mingcong , Qian Haifeng , Li Yan , Wang Li
Published: January 2024

To investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on hepatic glycolipid metabolism, this study characterized the effects of short-term carbohydrate deprivation on glycolipid metabolism in mice through various methods including biochemical detection and metabolomics.
Unlocking OER catalytic potential and chiral Fe3O4 film as a game-changer for electrochemical water oxidation pathway and by-product control
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Jiang Chaoqun , Guan Hangmin , Wang Yuanyuan , Hu Yingfei , Wang Wei , Tian Wenjie , Hao Lingyun
Published: January 2024

This work report a Fe3O4 film with inherent chiral structure that effectively promoted OER, owing to its CISS effect on spin aligning intertwined with the capability of half-metallic materials to facilitate the transfer of spin-aligned electrons.
Heteroatom-facilitated blue to near-infrared emission of nonconjugated polyesters
Authors: Liu Xiong , Chu Bo , Xiong Zuping , Liu Bin , Tu Weihao , Zhang Ziteng , Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Xinghong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2024

The electron-bridging strategy of heteroatoms achieves blue to near infrared (NIR) emission in nonconjugated polyesters, offering a new platform for new-generation luminescent materials.
Self-assembly of DNA parallel double-crossover motifs
Authors: Lee Jung Yeon , Yang Qi , Chang Xu , Jeziorek Maciej , Perumal Devanathan , Olivera Tiffany R. , Etchegaray Jean-Pierre , Zhang Fei
Published: January 2024

We created 29 parallel double-crossover DNA motifs varying in hybridization pathways, domain lengths, and crossover locations, producing diverse assemblies.
Oxidase-like manganese oxide nanoparticles: a mechanism of organic acids/aldehydes as electron acceptors and potential application in cancer therapy
Authors: Pan Yang , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Cun Ju-E , Fan Xi , Pan Qingqing , Gao Wenxia , Luo Kui , He Bin , Pu Yuji
Published: January 2024

A general organic acid/aldehyde-mediated catalytic oxidation mechanism of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3) was developed and their anticancer application was explored.
Metal chalcogenide nanorings for temperature–strain dual-mode sensing
Authors: Wang Xiaoshan , Zhang Jinhao , Liu Peiyuan , Wei Danlin , Tian Daobo , Liu Shipeng , Chen Qian , Cao Jiacheng , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Xiao
Published: January 2024

Sn0.2Mo0.8S2 nanorings with a mixed 1T/2H phase were synthesized by etching SnS2 cores from Sn1−xMoxS2/SnS2 lateral heterostructures. Flexible electronic sensors based on these nanorings exhibited excellent temperature and strain sensing performance.
Giant optical absorption of a PtSe2-on-silicon waveguide in mid-infrared wavelengths
Authors: Xu Tianping , Qi Liqiang , Xu Yingqi , Xiao Shuqi , Yuan Quan , Niu Rui , Wang Jiaqi , Tsang Hon Ki , Liu Tiegen , Cheng Zhenzhou
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate giant mid-infrared light absorption of a PtSe2-on-silicon waveguide by integrating a PtSe2 film on an ultra-thin silicon waveguide, opening an avenue to developing high-performance optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Nanogap engineering of 3D nanoraspberries into 2D plasmonic nanoclusters toward improved SERS performance
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xinxing , Geng Lin , Xia Chao , Chen Xin , Yang Wenzhong , Xu Hui , Lin Zhiqun
Published: January 2024

3D spherical nanoraspberries were transformed into 2D planar nanoclusters via HF etching with the average interparticle distance between the AuNPs dramatically down to sub 2 nm, leading to much higher Raman signals for SERS detection.
Metal- and base-free, aerobic photoredox catalysis with riboflavin to synthesize 2-substituted benzothiazoles
Authors: Heredia Adrián A. , Argüello Juan E. , Schmidt Luciana C.
Published: January 2024

A straightforward and environmentally friendly riboflavin-based photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles has been described.
Synthesis and self-assembly of the amphiphilic homopolymers poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and poly(4-(4-bromophenyloxy)styrene)
Authors: Hurley Christopher M. , Changez Mohammad , Johnstone Megan E. , Alrahbi Hilal , Anwar Mohammad Faiyaz , Donohoe Dallas , Kang Nam-Goo , Mays Jimmy
Published: January 2024

Amphiphilic homopolymer synthesis and formation of micelles and vesicles in selective solvents.
Efficient synthesis of trefoil-shaped tricyclic polymers by a ROMP-based blocking-cyclization technique
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Cuihong , Han Zhiying , Liao Xiaojuan , Sun Ruyi , Xie Meiran
Published: January 2024

Complex trefoil-shaped tricyclic polymers with regulated ring sizes were precisely synthesized by a ROMP-based blocking-cyclization technique, their structures were characterized, and their cyclic macromolecular topology was clearly observed.
Stereodivergent conjugate reduction of α-substituted α,β-unsaturated N-sulfinyl ketimines: flexible access to challenging acyclic β,β-disubstituted enesulfinamides
Authors: Yisimayili Nuermaimaiti , Liu Tao , Xiong Teng-Zhao , Lu Chong-Dao
Published: January 2024

Stereodivergent 1,4-reduction to provide flexible access to the challenging acyclic enesulfinamides featuring two electronically and sterically similar β-substituents.
Research and application of surface heat treatment for CO2 continuous laser ablation of polymeric methyl methacrylate materials
Authors: Cai Song , Liu Wenhao , Chen Da , Yu Fan , Tao Nengru , Man Junfeng
Published: January 2024

The research provided theoretical guidance and process optimization for CO2 continuous laser ablation of PMMA sheets, and had universality and reference value for the optimization research of laser processing of non-metallic and polymer materials.
Experimental and DFT insights into the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue by alkali-modified corn straw biochar
Authors: Yu Huali , Zhang Yulu , Wang Lianfeng , Tuo Ya , Yan Song , Ma Junling , Zhang Xue , Shen Yu , Guo Haiyan , Han Lei
Published: January 2024

A simple NaOH-modified biochar with the pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C (NaCBC300) was synthesized, characterized, and investigated for the adsorption performances and mechanisms of methylene blue.
Synthesis of carbon dot based Schiff bases and selective anticancer activity in glioma cells
Authors: Zhuang Yafeng , Zhu Liping , Chen Xiaoping , Chen Jing , Ye Zhoujie , Kang Jie , Wang Xinrui , Han Zhizhong
Published: January 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized to form Schiff bases. The prepared CD-based Schiff bases exhibit significant anticancer activity in glioma cells.
Comprehensive study of nanostructured Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials – insights from synchrotron radiation XRD, XAFS, and XRF techniques
Authors: Imam N. G. , Elyamny Shaimaa , Aquilanti Giuliana , Pollastri Simone , Gigli Lara , Kashyout Abd El-Hady B.
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive study of nanostructured Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material was performed using a combination of synchrotron radiation-based techniques such as XAFS, and XRF, along with some other laboratory techniques such as XRD, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM.
Preparation of carbon quantum dot fluorescent probe from waste fruit peel and its use for the detection of dopamine
Authors: Han Li , Guo Yingkai , Zhang Haohao , Wang Zifan , Zhang Fan , Wang Yiran , Li Xingqi , Wang Ying , Ye Jiajia
Published: January 2024

N-CQDs are made by a hydrothermal method using orange peel as the carbon source, with a fluorescence quantum yield as high as 35.37%. The fluorescence bursting effect of dopamine enabled the effective detection of DA with a range of 0.5–30 μmol L−1.
Novel process for high value utilization of high-alumina fly ash: valuable metals recovery and mesoporous silica in situ preparation
Authors: Gao Jian-ming , Yan Zhenwei , Ma Shujia , Guo Yanxia
Published: January 2024

The diagram of mineral phase transformation for valuable metal recovery and mesoporous silica in situ preparation from fly ash.
Study on anionic–nonionic mixed surfactant for enhanced oil recovery in a hypersaline reservoir
Authors: Ma Luxuan , Xu Ping , Wang Lei , Xia Kai , Du Hui , Gao Ruitong , Chen Zhaojun
Published: January 2024

The test results of temperature and salt tolerance show that the composite system provides a new way to enhance oil recovery in the actual development of temperature and salt tolerance reservoirs.
One-pot multicomponent polymerization towards heterocyclic polymers: a mini review
Authors: Alsolami Eman S. , Alorfi Hajar S. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A.
Published: January 2024

Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) is an innovative field related to polymer-based chemistry that offers numerous advantages derived from multicomponent reactions (MCRs). One of the key advantages of MCP is its ability to achieve high efficiency.
Solute-particle separation in microfluidics enhanced by symmetrical convection
Authors: Yao Yurou , Lin Yao , Wu Zerui , Li Zida , He Xuemei , Wu Yun , Sun Zimin , Ding Weiping , He Liqun
Published: January 2024

The utilization of microfluidic technology for miniaturized and efficient particle sorting holds significant importance in fields such as biology, chemistry, and healthcare.
Hydrothermal synthesis of dittmarite-group NH4(Co1−xMnx)PO4·H2O particles as inorganic violet pigments
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroaki , Tachibana Saori
Published: January 2024

Dittmarite-group NH4(Co1−xMnx)PO4·H2O particles were prepared via a hydrothermal route. The violet colour of the particles was maintained upon substitution of Co2+ with Mn2+ ions up to x = 0.8, thus achieving an 80% saving of cobalt.
Synthesis, molecular docking analysis and in vitro evaluation of new heterocyclic hybrids of 4-aza-podophyllotoxin as potent cytotoxic agents
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thanh , Van Ket Tran , Pham-The Hai , Braire Julien , Thi Phuong Hoang , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Thi Quynh Giang , Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Le-Nhat-Thuy Giang , Le Thi Tu Anh , Ngoc Doan Vu , Nguyen Van Tuyen
Published: January 2024

Synthesis, molecular docking analysis and in vitro evaluation of new heterocyclic hybrids of 4-aza-podophyllotoxin as potent cytotoxic agents.
Rational design of super reductive EDA photocatalyst for challenging reactions: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Deng Yi-Hui , Li Qini , Li Manhong , Wang Leifeng , Sun Tian-Yu
Published: January 2024

We have developed a novel electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) photocatalyst through DFT-guided design. This photocatalyst is formed in situ from isoquinoline, a diboron reagent, and a weak base, and can be effectively utilized for challenging reactions.