bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy in the Multiple Pulmonary Nodule Diagnosis during a Single Anesthetic Event
Authors: Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Garza-Salas Ana , Barrios-Ruiz Alanna , Balasubramanian Prasanth , Yu Lee-Mateus Alejandra , Koirala Tapendra , Hazelett Britney N. , Chadha Ryan , Patel Neal M. , Reisenauer Janani S. , Abia-Trujillo David
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The widespread use of computed tomography as a screening tool for early lung cancer has increased detection of pulmonary lesions. It is common to encounter patients with more than one peripheral pulmonary nodule (PPN) of uncertain etiology. Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) emerges as a potential alternative to biopsy multiple PPN, in addition to mediastinal staging in single anesthetic procedure. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent ssRAB for evaluation of two or more PPN, between November 2021 and April 2023 at Mayo Clinic, FL, USA. Results: A total of 46 PPNs were biopsied in 22 patients. All lesions were ≤2 cm with a median minimum and maximum cross-sectional lesion size of 1.40 cm and 1.05 cm, respectively. Diagnostic yield was 86.9% (n = 40), and target reach was 91.3% (n = 42). Most lesions were in the upper lobes, a solid pattern was found in 78.3% (n = 36), bronchus sign was present in 82.6% of cases (n = 38), 54.4% (n = 25) were malignant nodules, and 32.6% (n = 15) were benign. Fourteen patients had at least one malignant lesion out of two or more nodules sampled, and 10 patients had a malignant diagnosis for all sampled lesions. The complication rate was 9% (n = 2) with one case of bleeding and one of pneumothorax. Conclusion: This study is, to our knowledge, the first to assess the use and safety of ssRAB for diagnosis of multiple PPN in a single anesthetic event. This procedure will mainly impact management decisions and subsequently shorten the time from diagnosis to treatment.
A Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tong Jingyi , Ji Tingting , Liu Nan , Chen Yibin , Li Zongjun , Lin Xuejuan , Xing Yi , Li Qifu
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) stands as a leading cause of death and disability globally. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and relevance linked with AIS in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and to create and validate nomogram models. Methods: We examined the medical records of 314 patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) undergoing MHD, who sought neurology outpatient department consultation for suspected AIS symptoms between January 2018 and December 2023. These 314 patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 222) and validation cohort (n = 92). The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression model was employed for optimal feature selection in the AIS risk model. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to construct a predictive model incorporating the features selected through LASSO. This predictive model’s performance was assessed using the C-index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, calibration and clinical utility were evaluated through calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA). The model’s internal validation was conducted using the validation cohort. Results: Predictors integrated into the prediction nomogram encompassed cardiovascular disease (CVD) (odds ratio [OR] 7.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.400–29.979), smoking (OR 5.7, 95% CI: 1.661–21.955), dialysis time (OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 5.866–29.979), low-density lipoprotein (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 0.751–13.007), and fibrin degradation products (OR: 5.47, 95% CI: 1.563–23.162). The model exhibited robust discrimination, with a C-index of 0.877 and 0.915 in the internal training and validation cohorts, respectively. The AUC for the training set was 0.857, and a similar AUC of 0.905 was achieved in the validation cohort. DCA demonstrated a positive net benefit within a threshold risk range of 2–96%. Conclusion: The proposed nomogram effectively identifies MHD patients at high risk of AIS at an early stage. This model holds the potential to aid clinicians in making preventive recommendations.
Metaxidius Chaudoir and the neotropical Zuphiini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Reichardt Hans
Published: April 2024

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Aspectos ecológicos e adaptativos de alguns bivalves do litoral paulista
Authors: Narchi Walter
Published: April 2024

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Ecological and geographical distribution of lizards in Pernambuco, northeastern Brasil (Sauria)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E.
Published: April 2024

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Notes sur les Callichromatini (Col., Cerambycidae). III. Etude preliminaire du genre Cnemidochroma Schmidt, 1924
Authors: Demets Yolande
Published: April 2024

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Notas e descrições em Onciderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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On the new world beetles of the family Hydroscaphidae
Authors: Reichardt Hans , Hinton H. E.
Published: April 2024

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On the species of the genus Symphurus from the brazilian coast, with descriptions of two new species (Osteichthyes, Pleuronectiformes, Cynoglossidae)
Authors: Menezes Naercio A. , Benvegnú Gilda de Quadros
Published: April 2024

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A new genus and two new species of south american geckos (Reptilia: Lacertilia)
Authors: Smith Hobart M. , Martin Robert L. , Swain Tom A.
Published: April 2024

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A tribo Hyrmophlaebini (Diptera, Nemestrinidae, Hirmoneurinae), com treze espécies novas da América do Sul
Authors: Bernardi Nelson
Published: April 2024

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Comportamento nuclear em glândulas salivares de Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Lep. durante o desenvolvimento larval
Authors: Moraes Regina Lúcia Morelli Silva de
Published: April 2024

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Os Glycymerididae da costa brasileira (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
Authors: Penna-Neme Lícia
Published: April 2024

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Polybiocyptera plaumanni, gen. et sp. nov. and Hemyda conopoides, sp. n., two new wasp-like Tachinidae (Diptera)
Authors: Guimarães J. H.
Published: April 2024

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Novas espécies do gênero Hypsiophthalmus Latreille, 1834, e revalidação de Pyrearinus brevicollis (Eschscholtz, 1829), comb. n. (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Pyrophorinae)
Authors: Costa Cleide
Published: April 2024

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Ischnocera (Mallophaga) infesting parrots (Psittaciformes). IV. Genus Echinophilopterus Ewing, 1927
Authors: Guimarães Lindolpho R.
Published: April 2024

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Novas espécies dos gêneros Ignelater e Opselater (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Pyrophorinae)
Authors: Costa Cleide
Published: April 2024

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The genus Lygrus Fahraeus, 1872 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Anatomia funcional de Brachidontes da Darwinianus Darwinianus (Orbigny, 1846) (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Avelar Wagner Eustaquio Paiva , Narchi Walter
Published: April 2024

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Petilipinnis, a new genus for Corvina Grunniens Schomburgk, 1843 (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the amazon and essequibo river basins and redescription of Petilipinnis Grunniens
Authors: Casatti Lilian
Published: April 2024

Petilipinnis, newgenus, is proposed for Corvina Schomburgk, from the Amazon and Essequibo river basins. It is distinguishable from Other Sciaenidae genera with the exception of Menticirrhus, by the presence of only on espine in the analfin. From Menticirrhus, Petilipinnis differs by the morphology of the swimbladder and by the number of dorsal fin soft rays. Also a redescription of Petilipinnis grunniens is presented
Euclides da Cunha, um civilizador do sertão
Authors: Figueiredo Filho J. de
Published: April 2024

Sou autêntico filho do âmago do Nordeste Brasileiro . Nasci e criei-me, em pleno Carirí cearense, sub-região, outrora dominada por silvícolas de igual nome e povoada depois por sergipanos, baianos e pernambucanos, no tempo da civilização do ciclo do couro . E' ilha de verdura, no meio da caatinga ressequida, tão bem descrita esta pelo imortal Euclides da Cunha .
Encontro com Albert Soboul
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel Urbano
Published: April 2024

Por iniciativa das Universidades de São Paulo e de Santiago, que contaram com o patrocínio do Govêrno Francês, esteve na América do Sul, em missão cultural, um dos maiores historiadores da França: Albert Soboul.
Resenha de: Tipografia Portuguesa
Authors: Mota Jorge Cesar
Published: April 2024

GONÇALVES (Alfredo Machado). — Tipografia Portuguêsa — Livros impressos no século XVI existentes na Biblioteca Pública e Arquivo Distrital de Ponta Delgada. Publicação patrocinada pelo Ministério da Educação Nacional. Direção Geral do Ensino Superior e Belas-Artes. Ponta Delgada. São Miguel, Açores. 1968. XI + 163 pp.
Resenha de: Nota prévia ao estudo da ocupação da terra no Paraná moderno
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

WESTPHALEN (Cecília Maria), MACHADO (Brasil Pinheiro) e BALHANA (Altiva Pilatti) — Nota prévia ao estudo da ocupação da terra no Paraná modeno. Departamento de História da Universidade do Paraná. Curitiba. 1968. 52 págs.
Resenha de: Desenvolvimento econômico e desenvolvimento político: uma abordagem teórica e um estudo do caso brasileiro
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

JAGUARIBE (Hélio). — Desenvolvimento econômico e desenvolvimento político: uma abordagem teórica e um estudo do caso brasileiro. Editôra Paz e Terra. Rio de Janeiro. 1969. 236 pp.
Most Promising Approaches to Improve Brain AVM Management: ARISE I Consensus Recommendations
Authors: Samaniego Edgar A. , Dabus Guilherme , Meyers Philip M. , Kan Peter T. , Frösen Juhana , Lanzino Giuseppe , Welch Babu G. , Volovici Victor , Gonzalez Fernando , Fifi Johana , Charbel Fady T. , Hoh Brian L. , Khalessi Alexander , Marks Michael P. , Berenstein Alejandro , Pereira Victor M. , Bain Mark , Colby Geoffrey P. , Narayanan Sandra , Tateshima Satoshi , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Wakhloo Ajay K. , Arthur Adam S. , Lawton Michael T. ,   for the ARISE I Consortium
Published: April 2024

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are complex, and rare arteriovenous shunts that present with a wide range of signs and symptoms, with intracerebral hemorrhage being the most severe. Despite prior societal position statements, there is no consensus on the management of these lesions. ARISE (Aneurysm/bAVM/cSDH Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts) was convened to discuss evidence-based approaches and enhance our understanding of these complex lesions. ARISE identified the need to develop scales to predict the risk of rupture of bAVMs, and the use of common data elements to perform prospective registries and clinical studies. Additionally, the group underscored the need for comprehensive patient management with specialized centers with expertise in cranial and spinal microsurgery, neurological endovascular surgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery. The collection of prospective multicenter data and gross specimens was deemed essential for improving bAVM characterization, genetic evaluation, and phenotyping. Finally, bAVMs should be managed within a multidisciplinary framework, with clinical studies and research conducted collaboratively across multiple centers, harnessing the collective expertise and centralization of resources.
Mullā Ḳābıż & the Question of Prophetic Superiority
Authors: Taj Noah Hasan
Published: April 2024

Ibn Kamāl Pāshā (d. 940/1534) played a key role in defending key doctrinal positions in his capacity as Ottoman Shaykh al-Islām, the most famous of which is undoubtedly his refutation of Mullā Qābiḍ (d. 933/1527). Qābiḍ (tr. Kabız), whose credentials are as unknown as Ibn Kamāl’s are known, is said to have propagated the superiority of Jesus over Muhammad, an obscure notion rarely found in the intellectual history of Islam. His ideas were eventually brought to the attention of scholarly circles, leading to him being tried before the Imperial Council by Caliph Suleymān I (d. 973/1566). Noting the inability of some scholars to defend the orthodox position regarding the superiority of Muhammad, Suleymān I called upon Ibn Kamāl to provide a robust defence on behalf of the Empire. Although unable to respond to Ibn Kamāl’s reasoning, Qābiḍ nevertheless maintained his position and thus sealed his fate for good. Only a handful of studies have been carried out on Qābiḍ. This article intends to contribute to the discussion he and his trial have sparked by translating a key epistle written by Ibn Kamāl after the trial and entitled: Risāla fī ʾAfḍaliyyat Muḥammad. Knowing that the details of the controversy between him and Mullā Qābiḍ escape us, this treatise by Ibn Kamāl gives an insight into his thinking on prophetology and his implementation of scriptural, canonical and exegetical sources. It also provides a convenient overview of the exchange he probably had with Qābiḍ.
“The Scripture Is an Instantiation of Divine Discourse”
Authors: Lindstedt Ilkka
Published: April 2024

Modern scholarly literature often presents classical Islamic theology treating the speech of God (kalām Allāh) and the Koran as synonyms. Moreover, the discussion on the nature of the Koran/God’s speech is portrayed as having to do with the question of whether or not the Koran was created. However, I suggest that this was only a fraction of the issues debated. Classical and post-classical Muslim scholars put forward multifaceted and sophisticated theories on the natures of divine discourse and the Koran. Many, if not most, deemed the speech of God and the Koran to be separate concepts. This article analyses the Safavid-era Iranian philosopher and theologian Mullā Ṣadrā (d. c.1045/1635) with regard to his views on the ontological and theological status of divine speech and the scripture(s), with particular emphasis on his magnum opus the Four Journeys. I trace some of Mullā Ṣadrā’s sources regarding this issue and endeavor to pinpoint the original ideas he is putting forward.
“Parting is such sweet sorrow [...]”, or the perils of publishing papers in parts: the case of the nomenclatural novelties published by Raymond Hamet (1890–1972) in his two-part monograph (1907, 1908) of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with special reference to the new names and new combinations treated (but not first published) in part 2
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , MONRO ANNA M.
Published: April 2024

When still a teenager, Raymond Hamet (1890–1972) published a two-part, 64-page monograph of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in which 51 accepted species, one accepted nothospecies, and ten species of unresolved application (“Species non satis notæ”) were included. The first part of the monograph appeared in November 1907 and the second (and final) part was published in January 1908. In addition to treating the three new names that were unambiguously validly published in part 1, Hamet (in 1907) also mentioned and provided sufficient descriptive text to validly publish one new name and one of the two new combinations that were only formally treated in part 2 (in 1908). This matter is addressed to determine the correct dates and bibliographic citations for the nomenclatural novelties included in his monograph of Kalanchoe. It is shown that, with one exception, K. crenata (Baker 1883: 139) Hamet (1908: 19), nom. illeg. [here deliberately cited with its author attribution], all the names of new taxa and one new combination were validly published in part 1 (November 1907) of the monograph, despite some only being formally treated taxonomically in January 1908. In addition, despite disparate references to K. tieghemii in the second part of the monograph, i.e., the part published in January 1908, this name was also validly published in 1907 and not much later in 1914, as has been supposed.
A new species of Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) from Mizoram, an Indo–Burma biodiversity hotspot in India
Authors: SENGUPTA RABISHANKAR , DASH SUDHANSU SEKHAR
Published: April 2024

A new species of the genus Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated from Mizoram, an Indo–Burma biodiversity hotspot in India. Detailed description, digital photographs, comparison of morphological characters with closely allied species is provided here for easy identification.
Two new nocturnal species of South Asian Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the wynadensis clade from the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: KHANDEKAR AKSHAY , THACKERAY TEJAS , AGARWAL ISHAN
Published: April 2024

We describe two new medium-bodied, nocturnal species of South Asian Cnemaspis from the southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India in an integrative taxonomic framework. The two new species are phylogenetically and morphologically allied to the wynadensis clade and can be distinguished from other species of the wynadensis clade and each other by a combination of nonoverlapping morphological characters including body size, homogeneous dorsal pholidosis, the number of femoral pores and poreless scales separating these series, the number of ventral scales across the midbody and longitudinal scales from mental to cloaca, the number of dorsal granules around the body; and an uncorrected pairwise ND2 sequence divergence of 8.2–22.9 % (16S 4.2–12.2 %) from all other members in the clade. These are the first members of the wynadensis clade known from south of the Palghat Gap apart from C. bireticulata, a putative junior synonym of C. sisparensis that is likely to be distinct owing to morphological differences and geographic distance. Cnemaspis sanctus sp. nov. is from low coastal hills in Kanyakumari District at the southern tip of the Western Ghats and Cnemaspis persephone sp. nov. is from the Anaimalais, Anaimalai Tiger Reserve. Many more undescribed species of the wynadensis clade and South Asian Cnemaspis are likely to be found across the southern Western Ghats.
4. The Other Side of the Curtain?
Authors: Burman Erica
Published: April 2024

I interrogate my historical and current positionings in this chapter by recalling memories of growing up during the Cold War but on the other (Western) side of the so-called Iron Curtain. Focused on a specific example from my minoritized but otherwise quite privileged background in the north of England, I explore what returns to me now as either topicalised or occluded by, presumably, the cultural-political construction of the Cold-War period that dominated my own place and time. Specifically, I attempt to retrieve my memories of what I knew and understood about the ‘Save Soviet Jewry’ campaign in the 1970s, and consider what it these might indicate about how now-former Soviet and allied communist countries were perceived. During this process, I encounter memorial gaps and obstacles and address the temptation to fill these in and to elaborate upon them my recollections from my current geopolitical, chronological, and biographical position. What emerges is the impossibility of ‘looking back’ without also reflecting on the ‘now’ and how it shapes the perspective from which the review takes place.
6. The Power of Other Worlds
Authors: Patico Jennifer
Published: April 2024

This chapter draws on childhood-memory narratives from Cold War socialist and early post-socialist settings to problematize the east-west civilisational hierarchies that often frame accounts of socialism’s ‘less developed’ material and consumer worlds. In the narratives, children’s encounters with commodities from abroad speak not only or directly to the significance of east/west, socialist/capitalist hierarchies in their lives but also to children’s relationships with the adults closest to them and children’s affective experiences of their own maturation. Exploring these dynamics brings scholarship on socialism and post-socialism into fresh conversation with contemporary childhood studies and other work that theorizes how selfhood and intimacy take form in and through specific moments in political economy. To bring the falsely simple oppositions of east/west and adult/child into the same analytical frame is to begin building more nuanced, nimble understandings of how macro-level political economic boundaries can be integral to children’s most intimate forms of self-knowledge.
Adult Hospital Ward
Authors: Kašparová Irena
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
The Tailor
Authors: Sukhashvili Thoma
Published: April 2024

This is a childhood memory produced as part of the Reconnect/Recollect project discussed in the introduction to this book.
Early Childhood Anemia in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Iron Deficiency, Infections, and Inadequate Complementary Feeding Techniques
Authors: Mujib Talukder , Rahman Mujibur , Hossain Belfar , Moslem Mir Hasan , Syfulla Khalid Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Anemia and iron deficiency increased quickly until 8 to 9 months of age, while the prevalence of subclinical infections remained stable. Apart from age and male sex, iron deficiency and subclinical infections were the main risk factors for anemia. Similarly, age, male sex, and subclinical illnesses were important risk factors for iron deficiency. In early rural Bangladeshi newborns, the burden of anemia and iron deficiency is particularly severe during the key transition period of increased physiological Fe requirements corresponding to the early phase of supplementary feeding, which lasts from 6 to 11 months of age. Nutritional and infection control strategies alone are insufficient. as soon as they begin providing them with complimentary foods. The increasing prevalence of anaemia and Iron Deficiency during the first 3 months of the complementary feeding period highlights the need to support mothers to introduce Fe supplements or Fe-rich foods or products in their infants’ diet as soon as they start giving them complementary foods. In order to reduce anemia and Iron Deficiency in this population, it is imperative to incorporate methods related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, as well as parasitic disease control, given the high prevalence of subclinical infections and their role in these conditions. In order to avoid anemia during infancy in Bangladesh, a multipronged approach involving both infection control techniques and dietary Fe consumption improvements is required. A person's capacity to work is restricted by anemia and iron deficiency, which can potentially have serious negative economic repercussions and impede the advancement of the country. Because of all of this, it is generally accepted that lowering the global burden of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is a top priority in public health nutrition.
The Impact of Part-time Jobs on Academic Performance of Medical Students at Alzaiem Alazhari University December 2021-June 2022
Authors: Magbol Mustafa , Mohamedelamin Mustafa Kamal Mustafa , Hamid Mustafa Mohammed Moashi , Abdalla Mustafa Yousif Suliman , Abdelrhman Neveen Hassan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: A part-time job is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job. Nowadays there has been increased involvement of university students in part-time jobs to support them self financially and gaining new communications and time management skills. this may be associated with missing classes, expands the chance of leaving the educational institution and in the best-case scenario it may divert students from learning. This style of working and studying had it is impacts on academic’s performance, social life and building one’s personality. Objective: To assess the impact of part time job on academic performance of medical students at Alzaiem Alazhari university December 2021- June 2022. Method: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study curried on Alzaiem Alazhari university medical student. Sample size found to be 354. selected through equal percent from each department. Data collected using online questionnaire and the analysed using SPSS version 25. Result: the total number of participants were 354. majority was female. 23.6 perform some kind of part time job. 34% were working for 1-2 hours per day. For most of them 31.7% work was optional to gain some extra cash. the participants agree that, part time jobs had helped them gaining new skills in time management and communication. It had positive or neutral effects on academic performance as expressed by 33.9% of the participants. Conclusion: There is significant evidence that suggests an impact of part time job on academic performance, the majority are positive such as communication skills, multitasking skills and forming social connections. with less has negative impact on academic performance. Financial problems and gaining extra cash were the main reasons behind part time jobs working. Also, workshops are highly recommended to show students how to balance between job and college.
Performance Operating Units and Meaning: Fusion Theory and Writing Pedagogy
Authors: Williams James Dale
Published: April 2024

Performance Operating Units and Meaning. Many investigations of writing pedagogy and students’ writing performance have focused on gaining a better understanding of language production, commonly based on handbook dicta relate to sentence-level concerns. The easy availability of computers in the 1980s offered a new way to examine student writing and sentence-level concerns by studying “performance units” characterized by various writing behaviors, such as starting, stopping, substitutions, deletions, and revision. Given that revision is central to effective writing, computer analyses allowed researchers to investigate not only the frequency and types of student revisions but also the duration of their performance units. Various studies, however, have reported that the insights drawn from performance units research has not resulted in either better pedagogy or better student writing. Drawing on sociolinguist theory as well as Fusion Theory, this paper examines the value of performance units in writing pedagogy from a linguistic perspective that emphasizes the interactional and transactional nature of writing.
Anomalous Characteristics of Water Vapor Budget on the Tibetan Plateau under the Influence of Tropical Cyclones over the Bay of Bengal during Early Summer
Authors: Liu Beiyao , Li Ying , Wu Zhehong , Lin Jialu
Published: April 2024

Early summer is a peak time for tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and a period of South Asian monsoon onset, and the TCs during this time have a significant impact on the water vapor transport associated with monsoons. This study investigates the anomalous characteristics of the dynamic–thermal atmospheric circulation structure and water vapor budget over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) under the influence of BoB TCs generated in May from 1979 to 2020 with JTWC best track data and ERA5 data. Results reveal that a significant southerly water vapor channel forms from the BoB to the southeastern TP with a water vapor convergence near the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. A part of the water vapor is transported directly to the TP by deep southerly jet, while the other part is lifted by TCs and then climbs upward to the TP by two uplift processes occurring on the southern slope of the TP and over the TP respectively, which makes the whole troposphere over the southeastern TP warmer and wetter. It is found that anomalous southeasterly airflow in the northeast of TC circulation turns to anomalous southwesterly airflow forming an abnormal anticyclonic circulation over the southern TP in the middle and upper troposphere due to the diabatic heating effect. In this process, the TP acts as an anomalous water vapor sink with remarkable water vapor inflow through its southern boundary, with the main water vapor outflow through the eastern boundary, but a weak easterly water vapor backflow to the eastern TP in the lower troposphere.

Significance Statement

This study attempts to investigate the anomalous features of the water vapor budget over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) under the influence of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) tropical cyclones (TCs) during early summer. Results show that a significant southerly water vapor channel forms from the BoB to the southeastern TP with a water vapor convergence near the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. The TP acts as an anomalous water vapor sink with more and higher water vapor inflows through the southern boundary of the TP. A positive temperature and humidity anomaly can be found over the southeastern TP extending upward into the middle and upper troposphere. The results are helpful to understand how the BoB TCs affect the weather process over the TP.
Beyond Schools: Multisensory Learning and Knowledge Acquisition in Informal Contexts—Perspectives from Rural Indonesia
Authors: Röttger-Rössler Birgitt
Published: April 2024

It is not a new finding that much human learning takes place implicitly outside of educational institutions in informal, everyday contexts, yet these learning processes receive comparatively little systematic attention within the current anthropology of learning, education and schools. Based on long-term social anthropological research in a peasant community in rural Indonesia (Sulawesi), the article will address the complex multisensory forms of learning through which children acquire a large part of their competencies and their extensive environmental and agricultural knowledge. I will focus on the mixed-age “communities of practices” in which this knowledge is transmitted and acquired and show that affective bonds to peers and adults influence to a large extent which out-of-school areas of competence a child acquires. Building on the “embodied capital theory.” I argue that children in rural areas obtain a complex form of “ecological literacy” that encompasses not only a rich knowledge about the local ecosystems and agri- as well as horticultural processes but also a particular formation of the senses and the physical body in general (muscle size and memory, physical strength, coordination, balance, and motor skills). I shall conclude with some critical reflections on the general devaluation of the extra-curricular, non-formal, and environmental forms of learning, which can be observed not only in Indonesia but also worldwide and seems to be closely related to the global spread of Western psychological theory models about the healthy socio-emotional and cognitive development of children, supported by global institutions like UNICEF, World Bank, and Save the Children. For years, a constant increase of early childhood development programs can be observed, which aim at improving children’s school readiness, particularly in low-income countries, in order to enhance the future prospect of children. These programs, however, go hand in hand with the devaluation and oppression of indigenous knowledge systems and thus often worsen the future prospects of younger people.
Emergency surgical decompression of the orbit may rescue impaired vision even in a patient presenting late with a retrobulbar haematoma: A case report from rural southwestern Uganda
Authors: Mugarura Robert , Katushabe Mary , Kisakye Nakitto Irene , Jonathan Nek Arthur
Published: April 2024

Retrobulbar haematoma is a rare emergency that can potentially lead to blindness. Common causes include facial trauma and surgery. Timely surgical evacuation of the haematoma improves visual outcomes. In rural communities, patients often present to hospital after many hours and this increases the risk of poor visual outcomes. Radiological evaluation which is often not available in rural communities, results in further delay in surgical treatment. This case report highlights the need for urgent surgical intervention over radiological evaluation in patients with retrobulbar haematoma and orbital compartment syndrome.
Dialectical thinking in contemporary spirituality: Reconciling contradictory beliefs through metamodern oscillations between two ways of thinking
Authors: Vliegenthart Dave , Sajo Nadine
Published: April 2024

Psychologists are paying increasing attention to a distinction between two ways of thinking. Cognitive psychologists discern between non-reflective “intuitive” and critical reflective “analytic” thinking. Cultural psychologists discern between context-focused “holistic” and object-focused “analytic” thinking. Both find the former strongly correlated with religious beliefs and Asian cultures, the latter with secular beliefs and Euro-American cultures. Yet, recent studies convincingly suggest: first, that analytic thinking does not just relate to secular beliefs but also to alternative beliefs that straddle the boundaries between secular and religious worldviews; second, that critical reflective thinking includes both the holistic context-focus of Asian religions and the analytic object-focus of European philosophies and sciences. This article supports these recent studies in the psychology of religion based on recent studies from the history and sociology of religion and a discourse analysis of interviews with members of a small-scale twenty-first-century spiritual group, as an example. We show that people who identify as spiritual in a metamodern context use both holistic and analytic thinking in creating alternative worldviews, which dialectically reconcile beliefs that many within modern western cultures would consider contradictory. We conclude that this both/and logic challenges theories and stereotypes about “secular versus religious” and “eastern versus western” thinking.
When a Boy Hurts a Girl in Cyberspace: Facilitators’ Views on Potential Benefits and Challenges in Restorative Justice
Authors: Hadar Natalie , Shehman Ronen , Gal Tali
Published: April 2024

Recent years have seen a significant increase in cyber sexual offenses (CSO) conducted through the creation and distribution of intimate images and videos of others without their knowledge or consent, oftentimes among minors. Restorative justice (RJ) offers a platform to conduct an open, direct, and safe dialogue between responsible persons (RP) and survivors. This explorative study aimed to identify the central characteristics of RJ processes conducted following CSO between youths and to explore their potential benefits and challenges. The study involved in-depth interviews with 10 RJ facilitators and mediators in Israel and Belgium, who led RJ processes following CSO among minors. In addition, content analysis of documents describing these processes was conducted. Four themes emerged: The uniqueness of youth CSO; features of direct encounter; intergenerational aspects; and the need to manage expectations of the process among youth, parents, and facilitators.
Assessment of recent UK fire safety guidance for covered car parks and electric vehicles
Authors: Spearpoint Michael , Stallwood Matt
Published: April 2024

Guidance issued by organisations such as fire and rescue services, insurers and governmental bodies across the UK for the fire safety design of covered car parks is changing in response to the projected rapid growth in electric vehicle (EV) use. This new guidance is impacting the provision of parking bays, particularly in residential and mixed-use buildings. This paper considers whether EVs in covered car parks pose a greater fire risk than internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) using recent data on the ignition frequency and the burning characteristics of EVs. The recommended mitigating fire safety measures within the new guidance are assessed with a focus on detection, smoke ventilation, sprinkler systems and structural performance as these have the potential to have the greatest impact on a building fire safety design. The paper indicates that the recommendations may not align with available evidence which challenges a balanced approach to fire safety requirements to prevent over-specification that could affect the feasibility of building designs.

This paper summarises recent fire safety guidance in the UK on the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in covered car parks. Factors that contribute to the risk posed by EVs are investigated and practical design values for heat release and fire growth are suggested. Key recommended fire safety measures proposed in the guidance have been assessed against existing evidence. The findings are useful to stakeholders involved in the design of covered car parks to allow a balanced approach to their fire safety requirements.
Can we learn together? Challenges and opportunities of teaching public administration in a binational classroom in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pliscoff Cristian , Sanabria-Pulido Pablo
Published: April 2024

How can Latin American students learn more effectively how different governments address similar public problems? This region shares similarities in terms of culture and history. However, Latin American students study only their public policies and public administration based on the notion that each administrative system has its own particularities. This paper analyzes the results of a comparative learning experience among undergraduate students of two universities in the region, taking advantage of the “virtual” classroom that emerged amid the COVID-19 crisis. In this context, we developed a semester-long group project with students from two universities: Chile and Colombia. The results presented in this paper show that the activity was successful and meaningful for the students. This article intends to present this pedagogical experience and add to the limited literature on the pedagogy of public administration in Latin America, particularly the application of active learning techniques in a public affairs classroom.
Demonstration Study of Reflector-Based Volumetric Speed-of-Sound Imaging With Linear Ultrasound Arrays
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyi , Gan Kexin , Wang Yuxin , Tao Chao , Liu Xiaojun , Yuan Jie , Jin Zhibin
Published: April 2024

Conventional B-mode ultrasound imaging has difficulty in delineating homogeneous soft tissues with similar acoustic impedances, as the reflectivity depends on the acoustic impedance at the interface. As a quantitative imaging biomarker sensitive to alteration of biomechanical properties, speed-of-sound (SoS) holds promising potential for tissue and disease differentiation such as delineation of different breast tissue types with similar acoustic impedance. Compared to two-dimensional (2D) SoS images, three-dimensional (3D) volumetric SoS images achieved through a full-angle ultrasound scan can reveal more intricate morphological structures of tissues; however, they generally require a ring transducer. In this study, we introduce a 3D SoS reconstruction system that utilizes hand-held linear arrays instead. This system employs a passive reflector positioned opposite the linear arrays, serving as an echogenic reference for time-of-flight (ToF) measurements, and a high-definition camera to track the location corresponding to each group of transmit-receive data. To merge these two streams of ToF measurements and location tracking, a voxel-based reconstruction algorithm is implemented. Experimental results with gelatin phantom and ex vivo tissue have demonstrated the stability of our proposed method. Moreover, the results underscore the potential of this system as a complementary diagnostic modality, particularly in the context of diseases such as breast cancer.
The impact of ignoring lags on developmental science: A re-analysis of meta-analyses using lag as moderator
Authors: Taylor Rachel M. , Card Noel A.
Published: April 2024

Longitudinal studies provide developmental science with invaluable information about how variables and the associations between variables change across time, but typically give limited attention to the length of time over which that change occurs. The present study re-analyzed data from previously published meta-analyses of longitudinal data across a broad range of developmental science to ascertain how lag may have impacted coefficients of stability ( kmeta-analyses = 6, kstudies = 157) and prediction ( kmeta-analyses = 15, kstudies = 270). We additionally analyzed how average participant age interacts with lag to test how the impact of lag might change across the lifespan. Findings indicate that conventional lags (e.g., 6 months, 12 months) were used at extremely high rates: More than 75% of lags were selected based on convention. Linear and nonlinear models indicated that lag moderated stability and predictive associations, although the significance, magnitude, and direction of this impact changed depending on the phenomenon under investigation. Average participant age interacted with lag in certain cases, providing a possibility for more time-specific developmental theory. However, these results should not be considered conclusive due to the high number of conventional lags in our sample, which likely restricted both variability in lags and the length of those lags. Future longitudinal studies should measure phenomena at varying lags, and future meta-analysts should consider both lag and average participant age when synthesizing longitudinal research. Both practices would enable developmental science to determine the interval over which a phenomenon occurs and facilitate advancements in developmental theory.
Effect of geography on the use of ultrafiltration during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Patel Kirti P , Stammers Alfred H , Tesdahl Eric A , Chores Jeffrey , Beckmann Scott R , Baeza Jennifer , Petterson Craig M , Thompson Ty , Baginski Alexander , Firstenberg Michael , Jacobs Jeffrey P
Published: April 2024

Background

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a common practice during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) where it is used as a blood management strategy to reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, minimize adverse effects of hemodilution, and reduce proinflammatory mediators. However, its clinical utilization has been shown to vary throughout the continents.

Purpose

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the distribution of UF use across the United States.

Data Collection

Data on UF use during cardiac surgery was obtained from a national (United States) perfusion database for adult cardiac procedures performed from January 2016 through December 2018.

Study Sample

Four geographical regions were established: Northeast (NE), South (SO), Midwest (MW) and West (WE). The primary endpoint was the use of UF with secondary endpoints UF volume, CPB and anesthesia asanguineous volumes, intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion, nadir hematocrit and urine output (UO). 92,859 adult cardiac cases from 191 hospitals were reviewed.

Results

The NE and the WE had similar usages of UF (59.9% and 59.7% respectively), which were higher than the MW and the SO (38.6% and 34.9%, p < .001). When UF was utilized, the median [IQR] volume removed was highest in the NE (1900 [1200-2800]mL), and similar in all other regions (WE 1500 [850-2400 mL, MW 1500 [900-2300]mL and SO 1500 [950-2200]mL, p < .001. Median total UO was lowest in the NE 400 [210,650]mL vs all other regions ( p < .001), and remained so when indexed by patient weight and operative time (NE-0.8 [0.5, 1.3]mL/kg/hour, MW-1.1 [0.7, 1.8] mL/kg/hour, SO-1.3 [0.8, 2.0]mL/kg/hour, WE-1.1 [0.7, 1.3]mL/kg/hour, p < .001. Intraoperative RBC transfusion rate was highest in the SO (21.3%) and WE (20.5%), while similar rates seen in the NE (16.2%) and MW (17.6%), p < .001.

Conclusions

Across the United States there is geographic variation on the use of UF. Further research is warranted to investigate why these practice variations exist and to better understand and determine their reasons for use.
Practical training concept for perfusionists at the heart and diabetes center Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Klüß Christian , Giesbrecht André , Rudloff Markus , von Dossow Vera , Sandica Eugen , Gummert Jan
Published: April 2024

Background

Increasing regulations and requirements of advisory bodies, in particular the Joint Federal Committee and the Medical Service of the health insurance funds, make it necessary to employ only demonstrably well-trained perfusionists. The minimum requirement for this staff is EBCP certification. Currently there is limited availability of such specialists on the German market. Therefore, the qualification of young people in this area is of central importance. The aim of this paper is to strengthen the training of perfusionists at our centre, to standardise the process and to provide the respective student with a “roadmap” to their internship.

Material & Methods

The structure is based on a rough division of the 24 weeks of internship. This is described in detail in the following and is backed up with the learning objectives for the respective time periods.

Results

At our centre, practical training has been standardized and clear responsibilities have been defined. Furthermore, as a centre of maximum care in the field of cardiac surgery, we can offer students the necessary number of perfusions in just six months to meet the requirements of the ECBP for practical training. According to this concept, 20 perfusionists have been successfully trained in the last 8 years. All of them have passed the exams and have been certified according to EBCP.

Conclusion

The aim of the practical semester is for the student to be in a position at the end of the semester to independently supervise simple cardiac surgery procedures with the aid of the Extra- Corporal Circulation (ECC) and to carry this out in accordance with the currently valid guidelines and directives (1–8) and the departmental procedural instructions based on them. Great emphasis is placed to the students becoming aware of their competence to act, knowing their limits and being able to assess when these limits have been reached and the involvement of experienced colleagues is necessary to ensure patient safety.
Aesthetic Dispositions, Aesthetic Engagement, and Meaning in Life
Authors: Wilt Joshua A. , Exline Julie J. , Schlegel Rebecca J. , Sherman Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Previous research revealed that meaning in life is related positively to psychological engagement with art (i.e., aesthetic engagement), such as interest in art, knowledge about art, awe around art, and supernatural attributions for art experiences. We extended this work by considering the relevance of dispositions toward aesthetics (i.e., aesthetic dispositions), such as openness to experience, creativity in general and in art, and religious belief salience. Specifically, we proposed a conceptual model relating aesthetic dispositions, aesthetic engagement, and meaning in life. We tested hypotheses derived from the model with an online sample of N = 696 artists. Correlational results supported our hypotheses and replicated previous findings. Path analytic results showed that interest in art mediated associations between aesthetic dispositions and meaning in life. The results contribute to empirical work on aesthetic cognitivism, the philosophical stance that art can lead to understanding, by shedding light on factors associated with meaningful interactions with art.