bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la « mère porteuse » à la « GPA » : vers un contournement du tabou
Authors: Rodríguez Pedreira Nuria
Published: June 2018

Les avancées scientifiques et les changements opérés dans les dernières décennies au niveau des moeurs ont conduit à une modification et une redéfinition du concept traditionnel de famille, et partant à une évolution des techniques de reproduction assistée. L’une d’elles en plein essor est la gestation pour autrui (GPA) ou « mère porteuse ». Un sujet aussi polémique que tabou autour duquel persiste un vif débat sur la convenance d’une régularisation de la pratique, compte tenu des enjeux éthiques et moraux qu’elle soulève. Et cela trouve écho dans la langue. Familièrement connue sous le nom de « mère porteuse », la technique reçoit d’autres dénominations, fruit d’un travail d’euphémisation consistant à masquer le désagréable et faciliter l’acceptation sociale. Ainsi, rendant compte de la puissance du langage, émergent des expressions moins crues comme maternité de substitution ou spécialement gestation pour autrui qui dissimulent, sous des formes plus convenables, la réalité des mères porteuses. Nous tenterons d’analyser ce processus d’euphémisation et les représentations mobilisées, dans le sens où les termes et expressions employés relèvent d’une motivation ou d’un désir conscient de l’individu qui en fait usage.
Une ironie sombre : le recours au tabou dans le discours de la publicité sociétale
Authors: Woch Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

Nous proposons d’analyser le recours aux domaines tabouisés dans la publicité sociétale visant la sensibilisation du public aux infections sexuellement transmissibles ainsi qu’aux autres dangers menaçant la santé, à la violence physique ou verbale et aux accidents mortels. La contribution aura pour l’objet d’examiner l’emploi de l’ironie sombre dans la publicité sociétale à partir d’un corpus constitué par des slogans, des affiches et des clips vidéo des campagnes de sensibilisation relevées sur les sites francophones et polonais entre 1995 et 2016.
Désinscription du mot « propagande » des démarches de sensibilisation de masse dans le champ social
Authors: Motoi Ina
Published: June 2018

Ce bref texte se veut une réflexion critique sur les démarches de sensibilisation de masse mises de l’avant au Québec, dans le champ social, par quelques-uns des acteurs s’y retrouvant : l’État et ses agences, les institutions, les organismes, etc. En travail social, nous en faisons aussi pour influencer les gens et pour les « motiver » à changer d’attitude, de comportement ou de manière de penser par rapport à certaines problématiques. Selon quels critères pouvons-nous affirmer que nous faisons de la sensibilisation et non de la propagande ? Il s’agit ainsi de questionner la méthode utilisée par ces acteurs afin de l’appréhender et cela, à partir de certains messages mis en circulation. La comparer ainsi à celle de la propagande afin de voir si la sensibilisation n’est pas seulement un euphémisme de celle-ci, ce qui permettrait de la dissimuler et de rendre le concept même de propagande absent, inexistant, tabou. Cette omission est-elle une désinscription pour rendre la manipulation invisible ?
Les non-dits dans les programmes et les manuels de FLE
Authors: Gajos Mieczysław
Published: June 2018

L’article a pour objectif de présenter les résultats d’une recherche à caractère diagnostique concernant le choix des contenus d’enseignement dans les programmes et dans les manuels de FLE publiés en Pologne avant et après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Suite à l’analyse comparative, nous avons démontré une influence importante des facteurs institutionnels idéologiques sur les contenus linguistiques et socioculturels présents dans les programmes et les manuels de FLE polonais. Il en résulte que certains sujets et les champs lexicaux sont omis et sont considérés comme les non-dits ou les sujets tabous.
ISLAM DAN HAM: Tarik Menarik antara Absolutisme dan Relativisme)
Authors: Roibin Roibin
Published: June 2018

A careful examination of the human rights portrait that develops in the reality of macro society, it seems that the theme can not be separated from the theoretical scientists who are considered to still have relevance. Human rights concepts emerging from individuals will always contradict the offer of human rights concepts born from institutions, ranging from micro to macro (state institutions). Because in practice the tendency of the concept of human rights will always be closely related to the interests of the ruler of each of the human rights concept creators. Human rights in Islam have never been suspected as a historical product arising from ideological thought, but it has a theological dimension. Of course in the future all will be accountable before the Divine. In kasamya human rights in the view of Islam is not as a result of political development, but human rights that are transcendently transcribed for the benefit of humans through the Islamic Shariah derived through His revelation. Where is this all encouraged by a belief to raise the dignity of humanity as a noble creature.

                                                       

Mengamati secara cermat potret HAM yang berkembang dalam realitas masyarakat makro, nampaknya tema tersebut belum bisa lepas dari teoriteori ilmuan yang dianggap masih memiliki relevansi. Konsep HAM yang muncul dari individu akan selalu berseberangan dengan tawaran konsep HAM yang lahir dari institusi, mulai dari yang mikro hingga yang makro (institusi kenegaraan). Karena dalam prakteknya kecenderungan konsep HAM akan selalu berkaitan erat dengan kepentingan penguasa dari masing-masing pembuat konsep HAM tersebut. HAM dalam Islam tidak pemah diduga sebagai produk historik yang muncul dari pemikiran ideologis, melainkan ia memiliki dimensi teologis. Tentu kelak ini semua akan dipertanggung jawabkan dihadapan Ilahi. Secara kasamya HAM dalam pandangan Islam bukanlah sebagai akibat dari perkembangan politik, melainkan hak asasi yang tertuang secara transeden untuk kepentingan manusia melalui syariat Islam yang diturunkan lewat wahyu-Nya. Dimana ini semua disemangati oleh satu keyakinan untuk mengangkat harkat kemanusiaan sebagai makhluk yang luhur.

 
EKSISTENSI PERADILAN HAM TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HAM DI TIMOR TIMUR
Authors: Herry Musleh
Published: June 2018

 

The state of Indonesia is a state based on law (rechtstaat) and not based on mere power (machststaat). This implies that the state, including the Government and other state institutions in carrying out any action must be lawful or legally accountable. Human rights are principally universally applicable, but their applications vary greatly according to the style and basic attitudes of cultures adopted by a nation. Human rights in the country of Indonesia starting from the disappearance of East Timor post-opinion that accuses the involvement of the Indonesian military is behind it, the new draft law (RUU) is based on an agreement between the drafting team of the bill consisting of experts and legal practitioners and Parliament will impose these laws will retroactively apply indefinitely.

 

Negara Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasarkan atas hukum ( rechtstaat ) dan tidak berdasarkan atas kekuasaan belaka (machststaat). Ini mengandung arti bahwa negara, termasuk didalamnya Pemerintah dan lembaga-lembaga negara yang lain dalam melaksanakan tindakan apapun harus berdasarkan hukum atau harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Hak Asasi Manusia pada prinsipnya berlaku secara universal, hanya saja aplikasinya sangat bervariasi sesuai dengan corak dan sikap dasar budaya yang dianut oleh suatu bangsa. Hak Asasi Manusia dinegara Indonesia mulai dari pembumi-hangusan Timor Timur pasca pendapat yang menuding keterlibatan militer Indonesia berada dibelakang semua itu, baru rancangan undang-undang (RUU) inilah berdasarkan kesepakatan antara tim penyusun RUU yang terdiri dari pakar dan praktisi hukum dan DPR akan memberlakukan undang-undanng ini nantinya berlaku surut (retroactive) tanpa batas waktu.
KONSEP MANAJEMEN AMANAH: Kajian Teoritik terbadap Sistem Finansial Perbankan Islam
Authors: Suprayitno Eko
Published: June 2018

The Islamic economic system is a promising alternative system and therefore worthy of careful consideration. However, not a few also question whether it is true Islamic economic system is a promising alternative, especially efforts to solve the economic problems of this very crowded nation, although at this time have started many who apply this sharia economic system in the banking world. The application of sharia ethics as a consequence of the company's goal of maximizing the grace of giving birth to what is called amanah management. The whole process in this management is always imbued by, and practiced with, sharia ethics to maximize grace. Therefore, emphasized by the trustful management is how to maximize the rahmat can be done. Therefore, the strategy to apply the trust management needs to be done so that the management trust becomes the corporate culture of the company.

 

Sistem ekonomi Islam merupakan sebuah sistem alternatif yang menjanjikan dan oleh karenanya layak dipertimbangkan secara seksama. Namun demikian, tidak sedikit pula yang mempertanyakan, apakah benar sistem ekonomi Islam merupakan sebuah alternatif yang menjanjikan, khususnya upaya menyelesaikan masalah ekonomi bangsa yang sangat menyesakan ini, walaupun pada saaat ini sudah mulai banyak yang menerapkan sistem ekonomi syariah ini dalan dunia perbankan. Aplikasi etika syariah sebagai konsekuensi dari tujuan perusahaan yang memaksimalkan rahmat melahirkan apa yang disebut dengan manajemen amanah. Seluruh proses dalam manajemen ini selalu dijiwai oleh, dan dipraktikan dengan, etika syariah untuk memaksimalkan rahmat. Oleh karena itu, ditekankan oleh manajemen amanah adalah bagaimana memaksimalkan rahrnat dapat dilakukan. Untuk itu strategi untuk mengaplikasikan manajemen amanah perlu dilakukan agar manajemen amanah menjadi corporate culture dari perusahaan.

 

 
HUKUMAN MATI PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR' AN
Authors: Herry Musleh
Published: June 2018

The problem of capital punishment in Indonesia as a country which has Pancasila philosophy is still a discussion which caused many different views until now. This problem arises because it is considered to be "violating" human rights, it is seen from the history of punishment that the death penalty was born together with the birth of man on the face of the earth, with the legal culture of "retalism" like wolves eating wolves, in which the criminal is based on the theory of absolute revenge (absolute theory) .The death penalty in terms of Islamic religion (Shari'at Islam) death is a penalty stipulated by Shari'a Islam with the decree of Allah SWT which can not be inviolable by anybody.Only what we need to learn in this case is the terms of its implementation so as not to easily impose the judgment of the law. means that according to Islamic views, the death penalty is merupaka n criminal offenses that are formally required to be held. The death penalty that is done according to the correct Islamic religious provisions is not: contrary to the philosophy of the State, is not: contrary to the elements of Belief in God Almighty, because Islamic sha'at is a Shari'ah based on Belief in the One Supreme.

 

Masalah hukuman pidana mati di Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang mempunyai falsafah Pancasila, masih merupakan suatu pembicaraan yang banyak menimbulkan berbagai perbedaan pandangan sampai sekarang Permasalahan ini muncul karena dianggap "melanggar'' hak asasi manusia. Ditinjau dari sejarah pemidanaan, bahwa hukuman mati lahir bersamasama dengan lahirnya manusia di muka bumi ini, dengan budaya hukum "retalisme" bagaikan serigala memakan serigala. Mada masa itu berlaku pidana berdasarkan pada teori pembalasan mutlak (teori absolut). Hukuman mati ditinjau dari segi agama Islam (Syari'at Islam) sudah jelas bahwa hukuman mati itu adalah pidana yang ditetapkan oleh Syari' at Islam dengan dekrit Allah Swt yang sama sekali tidak boleh diganggu gugat oleh siapapun juga. Hanya yang perlu kita pelajari dalam hal ini adalah syarat-syarat pelaksanaannya agar tidak dengan mudah menjatuhkan putusan hukum itu. Hal ini berarti bahwa menurut tinjauan agama Islam, maka hukuman mati itu adalah merupakan pidana yang secara resmi perlu diadakan. Hukuman mati yang dilakukan menurut ketentuan-ketentuan agama Islam yang benar adalah tidak: bertentang dengan falsafah Negara, tidak: berlawanan pula dengan unsur-unsur Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, karena syai'at Islam mempakan syari'at yang berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.
MORALITAS DAN AGAMA DALAM KONTEKS KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA: antara Moralitas Privat dan Moralitas Publik
Authors: Rahardjo Mudjia
Published: June 2018

Multikrisis yang melanda Indonesia sejak pertengahan 1997 menurut beberapa ahli sudah berada di luar daya penjelas berbagai disiplin ilmu; ekonomi, politik, sosial dan sebagainya. Sebab, kendati berbagai upaya pemulihan (ekonomi maupun sosial politik) telah dilakukan berbagai pihak pada kenyataannya belum membuahkan hasil yang optimal. Mencermati kondisi bangsa demikian, banyak orang bertanya apakah bangsa ini tidak mampu menyelesaikan berbagai persoalan tersebut atau memang tidak mau menyelesaikannya. Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan dan memahami persoalan bangsa ini dalam perspektif moral dan agama. Berbagai kemelut kehidupan berbangsa dan benegara tersebut tidak akan pernah selesai jika para pemimpin, elit politik, dan politisi negeri ini tidak lebih dulu mentransformasikan moralitas privat mereka ke dalam moralitas publik secara komprehensif. Sebab, kenyataannya kesantunan, keramahan, dan kesalehan masyarakat kita hanya hidup dalam ruang privat. Memahami agama secara privat di kalangan para pemimpin sama sekali belum menjadi jaminan terselenggaranya kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara secara baik. Sebab, beragama dalam. ruang privat baru merupakan syarat yang diperlukan belum menjadi syarat yang cukup bagi tatanan kehidupan secara ideal

 

The crisis that has plagued Indonesia since mid-1997 according to some experts is beyond the explanatory power of various disciplines; economic, political, social and so forth. Because, despite various efforts of recovery (economic and socio-political) has been done various parties in fact has not yielded optimal results. Observing the condition of the nation so, many people ask whether this nation is not able to solve these problems or indeed do not want to finish it. This paper tries to explain and understand the problems of this nation in a moral and religious perspective. The difficulties of life of the nation and the country will never be completed if the leaders, political elites, and politicians of this country are not first to transform their private morality into a comprehensive public morality. Because, in fact the politeness, hospitality, and piety of our society only live in private space. Understanding religion privately among leaders is not at all a guarantee of good nation and state life. Because, religious in. the new private space is a necessary condition not yet a sufficient condition for the ideal life order

 

 
PLURALISME BUDAYA DALAM REFORMASI HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Herry Musleh
Published: June 2018

Setiap produk peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah dikeluarkan atau disahkan, seharus ditaati oleh masyarakat Indonesia baik secara individual maupun secara kelompok. Agar sctiap peraturan yang dikeluarkan tersebut di taati oleh masyarakat maka harus memenuhi beberapa syarat, yaitu: peraturan yang akan dan/atau dibuat itu harus benar-benar mengakomudasi apa yang di inginkan oleh masyarakat yang beragam budaya tersebut. Akan tetapi hal-hal yang diakomodasi itupun harus yang tidak mengganggu perkembangan masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Setelah dikeluarkan atau disahkan peraturan tersebut, agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dalam arti dipatuhi oleh masyarakat luas, harus dilengkapi dengan penegak hukum yang proporsional dan benar-benar mempunyai jiwa penegak sehingga peraturan yang dijalani dapat terlaksana secara konsekuen dan akan tercapai keadilan, baik menurut peraturan itu sendiri maupun menurut masyarakat
Impresos que interpelan la mirada. Acerca de la cultura gráfica
Authors: Szir Sandra
Published: June 2018

La historia de las ediciones ilustradas representa un amplio campo de estudio dentro de la cultura impresa que, aunque despliega una serie de temas y problemas singulares, involucra una pluralidad de aspectos a estudiar. Desde una perspectiva histórico cultural, dado los dominios que abarca y la multiplicidad de perspectivas que admite, demanda una convergencia interdisciplinar donde la historia del libro, la historia del arte y de la comunicación visual, el diseño gráfico, la bibliografía y la sociología cultural son algunas de las aproximaciones posibles.
Recuerdos de la “Gran Aldea”. Usos de imágenes del pasado urbano de Buenos Aires (1910-1936)
Authors: Fara Catalina
Published: June 2018

En Buenos Aires entre 1910 y 1936 las imágenes circularon en forma masiva y operaron culturalmente, no sólo en forma individual, sino también por su acumulación y yuxtaposición. Las representaciones del paisaje porteño mostraron los cambios constantes en la infraestructura urbana, configurando una dialéctica de “lo viejo y lo nuevo” en la cultura visual, marcada por el uso de un vocabulario que respondía a un imaginario de lo moderno. En el presente artículo analizaremos cómo, en este contexto, se produjo un uso particular de las estampas coloniales y las fotos de la ciudad de fines del siglo XIX, las cuales conformaron un conjunto que operó en la construcción de un imaginario de “Gran Aldea” del pasado, contrapuesto a un imaginario de ciudad pujante y moderna relacionado con el presente y el futuro de Buenos Aires.
How Tanzanian Nurse-Midwives and Obstetricians Develop Postpartum Relationships With Women
Authors: Mbekenga Columba , Aston Megan , Macdonald Danielle , Jefferies Keisha , Price Sheri , Mselle Lilian T. , Murphy Gail Tomblin , Kohi Thecla W. , O’Hearn Shawna , White Maureen
Published: June 2018

Nurse-midwives and obstetricians are the primary postpartum health-care providers for mothers and babies in Tanzania. It is imperative that mothers and babies receive adequate information and support in order to save lives. Feminist poststructuralism and discourse analysis were used to conduct and analyze 13 semi-structured interviews from nurse-midwives and obstetricians at three clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Establishing friendly supportive relationships enabled nurse-midwives and obstetricians to work effectively with mothers postpartum. Participants explained the importance of including family members in postpartum care and about the strategies they used in a clinic environment that was not always supportive of including family. Effective relational maternity care focused on families during the postpartum period can facilitate the delivery of information and save lives.
Community-Based Services for People With Brain Injury: A National Analysis
Authors: Friedman Carli , VanPuymbrouck Laura
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

Where and how rehabilitation and long-term services and supports (LTSS) occur for individuals with brain injury (BI) has shifted dramatically over the last few decades. Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) 1915(c) waivers allow states to offer LTSS that is tailored to the needs of underserved populations in the community rather than institutional settings.

Method:

This study examined how states utilized waivers to provide for people with BI.

Results:

Findings revealed only 15 states had waivers for people with BI in fiscal year 2016.

Conclusions:

Of those waivers for people with BI, there were vast differences across states and services.
Students at High Risk of Poor School-to-Work Outcomes: Mitigating Factors
Authors: West Michael , Sima Adam , Wehman Paul , Chan Fong , Luecking Richard
Published: June 2018

Objective:

The specific aim of this study was to use data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS-2) to examine modifiable factors that were related to competitive employment acquisition for students who were at high risk of poor school-to-work outcomes.

Design:

Quantitative descriptive design using path analysis.

Participants:

580 students were identified as at risk of poor school-to-work outcomes through a prior study.

Results:

Logistic regression models indicate that the modifiable factors most closely related to employment were higher expectations for competitive employment on the part of the parents, higher levels of self-advocacy, and participation in some type of postsecondary education and training.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicated that postsecondary education and psychosocial interventions aimed at changing parental expectations and enhancing students’ self-advocacy, self-efficacy should be considered for transition-age youth at risk of poor post-high school employment outcomes.
An Efficient HPLC Approach to Quantify Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor in Soybean Seeds
Authors: Rosso M. Luciana , Shang Chao , Correa Edgar , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2018

Trypsin inhibitor (TI), an important antinutritional factor present in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds, prevents animal protein digestibility. Accurately determining seed TI concentration is essential for screening soybean breeding lines to select genotypes with low TI. A colorimetric assay is widely used to measure TI activity in soybean seeds. This bioassay is time consuming, expensive, and has repeatability issues. This study developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as a high‐throughput, less expensive, and more reliable assay to quantify Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), the major TI, in soybean seeds. We extracted KTI using sodium acetate buffer, separated on a Poros R2/H perfusion column and detected at 220 nm. The HPLC method was compared with two popular enzymatic bioassays using 100 soybean lines. For the bioassays, TI was extracted using HCl or NaOH extractants and determined according to Kakade et al. (1974). The KTI from the HPLC method ranged from 0.52 to 12.15 mg g−1 with an average of 5.25 mg g−1 and a limit detection of 0.05 mg g−1. The recovery of KTI in spiked soybean samples was 82.33%. The KTI data from HPLC and both bioassays were strongly correlated (r = 0.82 and 0.80, p ≤ 0.0001). The CVs of KTI data (66.20% for HPLC, 18.84 and 32.55% for bioassays) suggest that the HPLC method is capable of detecting a wider range of KTI quantities and providing a better sensitivity for quantifying KTI in soybean seed samples.
Exploring the influence of meteorological conditions on the performance of a waste stabilization pond at high altitude with structural equation modeling
Authors: Ho Long T. , Pham Duy T. , Van Echelpoel Wout , Alvarado Andres , Espinoza-Palacios Juan E. , Arevalo-Durazno Maria B. , Goethals Peter L. M.
Published: June 2018

Algal photosynthesis plays a key role in the removal mechanisms of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), which is indicated in the variations of three parameters, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a. These variations can be considerably affected by extreme climatic conditions at high altitude. To investigate these effects, three sampling campaigns were conducted in a high-altitude WSP in Cuenca (Ecuador). From the collected data, the first application of structure equation modeling (SEM) on a pond system was fitted to analyze the influence of high-altitude characteristics on pond performance, especially on the three indicators. Noticeably, air temperature appeared as the highest influencing factors as low temperature at high altitude can greatly decrease the growth rate of microorganisms. Strong wind and large diurnal variations of temperature, 7–20 °C, enhanced flow efficiency by improving mixing inside the ponds. Intense solar radiation brought both advantages and disadvantages as it boosted oxygen level during the day but promoted algal overgrowth causing oxygen depletion during the night. From these findings, the authors proposed insightful recommendations for future design, monitoring, and operation of high-altitude WSPs. Moreover, we also recommended SEM to pond engineers as an effective tool for better simulation of such complex systems like WSPs.
Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin modified mesostructured silica coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites and application for paraben removal
Authors: Ding Chuyuan , He Jun , Xu Mengxia , Wang Chengjun
Published: June 2018

In this work, the novel β-cyclodextrin modified mesostructured silica coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites were synthesized and applied for the removal of parabens in aqueous solution. The prepared MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the amount of adsorbent, pH and elution solvents on the removal efficiency of parabens from water solutions were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, over 95% removal efficiency was achieved by using 40 mg of MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD adsorbents to absorb the parabens from 60 mL of 0.5 μg/mL parabens solutions. The solution pH in the range from 5 to 9 has no influence on the removal efficiency and the parabens sorption capacity of the prepared adsorbents were around 0.75 μg/mg. Furthermore, the stability and reusability studies demonstrated that the prepared MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD composites are cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of parabens from water with high regeneration efficiency. The composites fabricated in this study could become an attractive candidate for water purification.
Comportamiento no verbal en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson como posibilidad de mejoramiento de la comunicación
Authors: Bacigalupe María De los Angeles
Published: June 2018

Se propone analizar distintas cuestiones comportamentales que afectan la comunicación de las personas con Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) en relación a su entorno, en función del desarrollo de una propuesta de comunicación basada en el marco de una antropología relacional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con una propuesta teórica. El comportamiento es concebido como una relación co-constructiva entre individuo y entorno y la comunicación como condición de esta relación. Son revisados avances y opiniones acerca de la gestualidad y el comportamiento no verbal en personas con EP, tanto desde aquellos que ponen el acento en el déficit como un signo no motor del Parkinson como a partir de los estudios que indagan estas cuestiones con la idea de estrategias compensatorias. Tomando como marco teórico la postura relacional del comportamiento humano, el artículo se propone una mirada co-constructiva del comportamiento no verbal en las personas con EP, propuesta que promueve la idea de salud en el contexto de la enfermedad crónica a través de las mismas posibilidades que las características del comportamiento ofrecen, fundamentalmente del fenómeno de la kinesia paradojal.
Ionic Liquid-Like Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Medicinal Chemistry: Development, Status and Prospects
Authors: Tang Jie , Song Hang , Feng Xueting , Yohannes Alula , Yao Shun
Published: June 2018

Background:

As a new kind of green media and bioactive compounds with special structure, Ionic Liquids (ILs) are attracting much attention and applied widely in many fields. However, their roles and potential have not been fully recognized by many researchers of medicinal chemistry. Because of obvious differences from other traditional drugs and reagents, their uses and performance together with advantages and disadvantages need to be explored and reviewed in detail.

Methods:

For a systematic and explicit description of the relationship between ILs and medicinal chemistry, all of the contents were elucidated and summarized in a series of independent parts. In each part, it started from the research background or a conceptual framework and then specific examples were introduced to illustrate the theme. Finally, the important conclusions were drawn and its future was outlooked after the discussion about related key problems appearing in each mentioned research. Meanwhile, methodologies such as empirical analysis, comparison and induction were applied in different sections to exposit our subject.

Results:

The whole review was composed of five parts, and 148 papers were cited in total. Related basic information of ionic liquids was provided on the basis of representative references, including their concepts and important characters. Then 82 papers outlined ionic liquid-like active pharmaceutical ingredients, which unfolded with their major biological activities (antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, antitumor activity, anticholinesterase activity and so on). Applications of ionic liquids in the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates were elaborated in 92 papers to illustrate the important roles of ILs and their extraordinary properties in this field. Moreover, new technologies (such as immobilization of IL, microwave reaction, solventfree synthesis, microreactor, etc) were introduced for further innovation. Finally, 26 papers were included to expound the status of the IL-assisted derivatization of various natural lead compounds.

Conclusion:

This review placed emphasis on chemical structures of ILs and their structureactivity relationships in a specific manner, leading to meaningful and valuable related information to some related fields and thus promotes further development and application of various ILs for medicinal chemistry. The deep exploration for key scientific problems is the driving force to propel their theoretical breakthrough and industrial production.
Potential Drug Targets in Mycobacterial Cell Wall: Non-Lipid Perspective
Authors: Das Shrayanee , Hameed Saif , Fatima Zeeshan
Published: June 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), still remains a deadly disease worldwide. With prolonged usage of anti-TB drugs, the current therapeutic regimes are becoming ineffective, particularly due to emergence of drug resistance in MTB. Under such compelling circumstances, it is pertinent to look for new drug targets. The cell wall envelope of MTB is composed of unique lipids that are frequently targeted for anti-TB therapy. This is evident from the fact that most of the commonly used front line drugs (Isoniazid and Ethambutol) act on lipid machinery of MTB. Thus, despite the fact that much of the attention is towards understanding the MTB lipid biology, in search for identification of new drug targets, our knowledge of bacterial cell wall non-lipid components remains rudimentary and underappreciated. Better understanding of such components of mycobacterial cell structure will help in the identification of new drug targets that can be utilized on the persistent mycobacterium. This review at a common platform summarizes some of the non-lipid cell wall components in MTB that have potential to be exploited as future drug targets.
Application of Aptamer-based Hybrid Molecules in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: From the Concepts Towards the Future
Authors: Ahmadi Sepideh , Rabiee Navid , Rabiee Mohammad
Published: June 2018

Aptamers have several positive advantages that made them eminent as a potential factor in diagnosing and treating diseases such as their application in prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this opinion-based mini-review article, we aimed to investigate the DNA and RNA-based hybrid molecules specifically aptamers and had a logical conclusion as a promising future perspective in early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
GİRİŞİMCİNİN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN KENDİ GİRİŞİMSEL BAŞARI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ VE BAĞLAM TARTIŞMASI
Authors: ÇİTÇİ Umut Sanem , ÖZTÜRK Oğuzhan , DİNÇER M. A. Metin
Published: June 2018

Amaç ve Problem: Bu çalışmanın amacı, öznel
girişimsel başarı literatüründe ihmal edilen “bağlamın” etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Öznel girişimsel başarı,
girişimcinin ne yaptığında ve nereye ulaştığında kendisini başarılı gördüğü ile
ilgili bir durumdur. Literatürde; ekonomik bir birim olan işletmenin kurucusu
ve çoğu zaman yöneticisi olan girişimcilerin, rasyonel bir varlık olmalarının
gereği olarak ekonomik hedeflerini gerçekleştirme oranına göre kendilerini başarılı
bulacağı öngörülmektedir. Wach ve arkadaşları (2016), girişimsel başarı
değerlendirmesinde ekonomik kriterlerin yanında, eş önem düzeyine sahip başka
başarı kriterlerinin de olabileceğini iddia etmektedirler. Ancak Wach vd.,
geliştirdikleri girişimsel başarı kriterlerinin bütün girişimciler için geçerli
ve kültürler-arası değişmez olduğunu varsayarak, “öznel” girişimsel başarı
değerlendirmesinde “bağlamın” rolünü
göz ardı etmişlerdir. Bu göz ardı ediş girişimsel başarı literatürünün genel
problemidir.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmanın iddiası, ileri
sürülen girişimsel başarı kriterlerinin yani öznel unsurların “bağlam” çerçevesinde şekillendiğidir. Bu
iddiadan hareketle, ilk olarak, Wach vd. tarafından geliştirilen 17 maddelik
ölçek 5’li Likert ölçüm düzeyiyle 100 girişimciye gönderilmiştir. Geri dönen 55
ankette girişimcilerin büyük bir kısmının önemli (4) ve kesinlikle önemli
seçeneklerini (5) işaretlediği görülmüştür. Bu durumun “olanı” değil “olması
gerekeni” yansıttığına yönelik şüphelerden hareketle, girişimciler için
girişimsel başarı kriterlerinin önem düzeylerinin farklılaşacağı öngörülmüştür.
Bu farklılaşmayı tespit etmek adına, farklı arka plana sahip 6 girişimci ile
görüşme yapılarak AHS (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) analizi uygulanmıştır.
Girişimciler için girişimsel başarı kriterlerinin öneminin farklılaşmasının
arkasında bağlamın etkisini tespit etmek adına, AHS analizindeki her bir ikili
karşılaştırmadan sonra “niçin?” sorusu sorularak bağlama ilişkin detaylı nitel
veri de elde edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Bu şekilde üç aşamalı bir
araştırma sonunda, girişimcilerin öznel başarılarını değerlendirirken farklı
bağlamsal koşullardan etkilendikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.

Sonuç Araştırma sonucunda,
araştırmacıların geliştirdiği üç düzeyli bağlam modelini destekleyici veriler
elde edilmiştir ve girişimsel başarı değerlendirmesinde 3 farklı bağlam
düzeyinin etkisinin olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre “girişimciyi çevreleyen kurum temelli”, “girişimcinin temas halinde olduğu” ve “girişimcinin kendi ve firmasından kaynaklı”
şeklinde 3 farklı bağlam düzeyindeki çeşitli alt bağlamsal faktörlerin
girişimsel başarı değerlendirmesinde bir etkisinin olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu
alt bağlamsal faktörlerden özellikle “içerdiği
formal/informal kurumlar”, “endüstri
yapısı” ve “girişimsel özellikler”in
“girişimcilerin kendini başarılı bulma” halini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Reconsidering the Stigma of Political Opportunism Among the Kiai: A Critique of the Modernist Perspective
Authors: Suswanta Suswanta
Published: June 2018

This study is rooted in a deep dissatisfaction with research that stigmatises the political activities of kiai as opportunist. Using an empirical basis, this article examines the political activities of the kiai during the internal conflicts of the Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB, National Awakening Party), hoping to show that the political activities of kiai are not opportunistic. Bourdieu's theory of social practice, with its conceptual framework (i.e. habitus, field, and capital) is borrowed to examine the political activities of kiai. This article presents qualitative research using an emic approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. This study finds that the political activities of the kiai during the PKB's internal conflicts were not opportunistic but rather a social praxis, unique in its representation of dialectic between the kiai's symbolic capital within the PKB and their application of their pesantren habitus and the Islamic value of Ahlusunnah wal jamaah (Aswaja). Politics, as viewed by the kiai, is a tool for realising truth and justice (Iqomatul Haq wal 'adl). They attempted to create balance by applying their pesantren habitus in political life to ensure that the PKB continued to follow the values of Aswaja Islam. The kiai, who had previously supported Gus Dur in the PKB's first internal conflict, became critical and shifted their support to Alwi Shihab during the PKB's first internal conflict, advising Gus Dur to control his ego, position himself correctly, and be consistent in his speech and actions while leading and administering the PKB.
De Luanda para Lisboa: 'o retorno', de Dulce Maria Cardoso, e os restos do império
Authors: Fazzini Luca
Published: June 2018

De acordo com quanto analisado por Jacinto do Prado Coelho em Originalidade da literatura portuguesa, o imaginário coletivo lusitano apoiou-se, ao longo dos séculos, numa série de referências provenientes da literatura. A própria historiografia portuguesa, durante muito tempo, constituiu-se tendo como fonte primária a literatura: mitos, memórias, crónicas e relatos de viagem participaram tanto da construção da história oficial pelo poder, quanto daquela que pode ser definida a poética da Nação portuguesa – durante década ao serviço da ideologia imperial propagandeada pelo Estado Novo. No entanto, a partir do ano de 1974, com o fim da ditadura salazarista e da chamada Guerra Colonial, a literatura passou a encenar o momento da perda, o epílogo da longa tradição ultramarina. Passou a interrogar os fantasmas e as fantasias imperiais ̶ retomando a expressão de A. P. Ferreira e M. C. Ribeiro. Tendo, portanto, como ponto de partida a estrita ligação, em Portugal entre literatura, historiografia e imaginário coletivo, com o presente artigo pretendo oferecer uma análise crítica do romance O retorno (2011), de Dulce Maria Cardoso, que vise indagar, questionar os restos do império.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a470
Violência e interpretação, leituras da história de Macau
Authors: Lugarinho Mário César
Published: June 2018

O artigo apresenta a leitura de duas narrativas a respeito do assassinato do governador português de Macau, João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, em 1849. Uma escrita no contexto histórico do Estado Novo (1943) e outra, bem mais recente (2015), já escrita após o handover. A partir delas, é possível perceber o conflito entre culturas que disputam a memória do território.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a482
Literatura, violência e fúria plástica: entrevista com Mafalda Ivo Cruz
Authors: Barros Bruno Mazolini de , Canilha Samla Borges
Published: June 2018

Entrevista com a escritora portuguesa Mafalda Ivo Cruz, na qual a autora trata principalmente do ofício da escrita e da configuração de seus romances. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a493
Apresentação
Authors: Coutinho Alexandre Montaury Baptista , Jorge Silvio Renato
Published: June 2018

Apresentação à Abril 20.  ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a516
Gatherings
Authors: Annelies, Alice De Smet
Published: June 2018

‘Gatherings’ are the second level of operation of the doctoral study ‘Architecting Bodies by Immersive Gestures’. The first level of operation is called ‘responsive walking’ and is of direct embodied immersion of the author/learner’s bodymind while looking for the mess in urban environments and adopting a micro-perspective by means of walking and embodied creation. The second level departs from the assumption that embodied immersions in mess by responsive walking are desettling and urge sense-making. By creating video-assemblages, performance-lectures and conversation pieces processes of embodied sense-making are explored. Thereby, the challenge is to avoid the pitfalls of quick dichotomic, hierarchic and disembodied understandings of bodymindly engaging with the environment. To resist slipping into these categories – that are so readily present when sense-making is discursively elaborated – the notion of ‘pregnantness’ and the notion of a ‘propelling hypothesis’ are proposed. The former is a bodymind state that allows to imaginatively presence not-yet and becoming significances of embodied engagements with environments. The latter is an operative design instrument that allows the responsive shifts in hypothesis to become the very mechanism of a form-giving practice that reflects whimsicalities and contingencies. In order to work towards ‘pregnantness’ and follow the ‘propelling hypothesis’, gatherings interweave autobiographical, fictional and referential voices (i.e. the work of others) through one another. Also different media (i.e. body, drawing, writing, photo, video, sound, animation, modelling), low-tech assembling and analogue-poetic thinking are put into action to bring more sensory, ephemeral, affective and imaginative aspects of bodymindly relating to the environment into account.
Analysis of putative sclerotia maturation-related gene expression in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA
Authors: Liu Bo , Ma Zhoujie , Gai Xiaotong , Sun Yanqiu , Wang Yanfeng , He Shidao , Gao Zenggui
Published: June 2018

Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA (R. solani AG1-IA) is a major soil-borne fungal pathogen of maize that causes significant yield losses in all maize-growing regions worldwide. The sclerotium produced by R. solani AG1-IA can overwinter in grass roots or diseased plants and infect crops the following year. The molecular mechanism underlying sclerotium formation in R. solani is poorly understood. In this study, we constructed the cDNA library of the R. solani AG1-IA pathogenic strain WF-9, from which 329 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Of the 250 clustered unigenes, 12 genes were selected for further expression analysis during the three stages of sclerotial growth (mycelium, initiation of sclerotium, and maturation of sclerotium). The results of expression analysis support the previously suggested roles of chitin synthase D and exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in facilitating sclerotial growth through preservation of water content and energy. In addition, cytochrome P450, NADPH oxidase, catalase (CAT), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 (HOG 1), and the G-protein ? subunit play important roles in balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during sclerotial development. The findings of this study can help understand the molecular mechanism of sclerotial development further.
ISSR based analysis of genetic diversity in some endangered species of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum
Authors: Rezaei Jalal , Mehrjerdi Zare , Mastali Hassan
Published: June 2018

Melanocrommyum, a subgenus of the Allium genus, is found in different regions
of Iran and is in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation. This
study aimed to determine the genetic diversity in 170 individuals
representing 17 wild populations belonging to six endangered species of
Allium subg. Melanocrommyum using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)
markers. The 10 selected ISSR primers produced 178 polymorphic fragments
(100%). Polymorphic band number varied from 12 (primer 8) to 22 (primer 2).
The average observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles,
Shannon?s indices and Nei?s gene diversity were 1.48, 1.2, 0.2 and 0.1,
respectively. According to Nei?s genetic distance, the lowest genetic
distance (0.048) was observed among both two populations of A. elburzense
(Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Kamelat), and two populations of A. subakaka (Jame
Shoran and Ghalelan) while the highest distance (0.097) was observed among a
population of A. kurdistanicum (Taze Abad Oryeh) with both A. pseudobodeanum
(Shen Jari), and A. derderianum (Dareh Oson) populations. In UPGMA cluster
analysis, the populations were grouped into four main clusters at a cutoff
value of 0.07. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the maximum
value of genetic variation was found within the populations (68%), where as
a low genetic differentiation was observed among the populations (32%). Our
results revealed that ISSR molecular markers are useful to display the
diversity in Allium genus and can be used to improve the classification
accuracy. This study provided valuable information for the conservation of
these species and breeding program planning.
Line × tester analysis for growth and biomass characteristics of Salix
Authors: Thakur Sapna , Singh N.B. , Thakur Sanjeev , Sharma J.P. , Gupta R.K. , Sankanur M. , Bhat S.S.
Published: June 2018

Line ? tester analysis was carried out in willows (Salix spp.) to determine
the genetic interaction in the expression of various quantitative characters
related to productivity. Combining ability revealed that the estimates of
GCA variance (?2 GCA) were more than the SCA variance (?2 SCA) for all the
characters studied. Later the gene action study revealed that additive
variance was observed more than the dominance variance for all the
parameters studied. The proportional contribution of lines were higher than
individual contribution of testers or line ? tester interaction except for
fresh root weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight and total dry weight
where the contribution of interactions was more. Line PN 227 and tester
Austree and J 795 were found to be good general combiners and thus appeared
to be worthy of exploiting in Salix improvement through breeding and
recurrent selection followed by cloning for developing commercial superior
clones. On the basis of mean performance and significant desirable SCA
effects, the combinations PN 227 ? Austree, PN 227 ? NZ 1140 and J 799 ?
Austree were found to be the most promising families for growth and biomass
characters and are recommended for within family selections followed by
heterotic breeding.
Effect of mutagen-ethyl methane sulphonate on yield increasing parameters of French bean (Phaseolus vulgarisl.)
Authors: Ramandeep R , Dhillon T.S. , Dhall R.K. , Gill B.S.
Published: June 2018

The present investigation was undertaken at the Vegetable Research Farm,
Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,
INDIA during spring season of 2015 and 2016 with objective to induce genetic
variability for yield and quality traits in cultivars ?Contender? and ?Arka
Komal? through chemical mutagen- ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at 0.15,
0.25 and 0.35%. Seed treatment with all the EMS concentration drastically
reduced its germination but the germination per cent decreased with increase
in concentration of EMS. The per cent seed germination was maximum (90%) in
control ?Contender? whereas it was 74%, 49% and 42% in EMS at 0.15%, 0.25%
and 0.35%, respectively. Similar trend of results for germination percentage
were obtained in cultivar ?Arka Komal? after treatment with different
concentrations of EMS, however germination percentage of ?Arka Komal? was
lower than of ?Contender?. The germination percentage trends of EMS treated
French bean cultivars were comparable under field and laboratory conditions
but somewhat less under field due to less favourable conditions. All the
plants harvested in M1 generation in both cultivars were sown in plant to
progeny fashion along with parents. Several desirable plants were selected
in M2 generation for early flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length
and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) resistance in both the cultivars at
different concentrations of EMS. Selection was also performed for straight
pods in case of genotype 'Contender'. The maximum frequency of desirable
mutants was observed in lower EMS concentration (0.15%). The 0.15% EMS
increased number of pods per plant which may be directly related to yield
per plant and it will ultimately increase the total yield. Therefore, EMS
concentration at 0.15% can be effectively used for inducing maximum
variability in French bean. The mutant population developed in M2 generation
can be further used to check its performance in next generations.
Genetic predispositions of common ash to the ash dieback caused by ash dieback fungus
Authors: Papic Slavica , Longauer Roman , Milenkovic Ivan , Rozsypálek Jiří
Published: June 2018

The paper reviews information on ash dieback, a serious disease of common ash
and its causing agent ash dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This paper
covers biology and genetics of the causing agent. Main emphasis is given to
the genetic predisposition of the tolerance to the disease. Strong genetic
control of the infection-tolerance opens the possibility for selection of
hyposensitive trees for the establishment of seed orchards, which will
produce offspring with improved tolerance to H. fraxineus.