bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recorriendo la ciudad amnésica
Authors: Martínez Lurdes
Published: May 2023

El artículo hace un análisis crítico del libro Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice, publicado por el editor Gustavo Gili, en 2002, primera edición bilingüe (inglés y español), de la autoría del arquitecto italiano Francesco Careri. Detrás de nuestro cuestionamiento de esta obra se halla el deseo manifiesto de denunciar lo que consideramosson flagrantes intentos de diluir el contenido radical del surrealismo o de la Internacional situacionista y de recuperar sus experiencias desde ciertas prácticas artísticas actuales que pretenden tener una vocación política.
A construção discursiva da política de resistência em Companheiras, de Eneida de Moraes
Authors: Lima Renata Guimarães Cabral , Fulaneti Oriana de Nadai
Published: May 2023

Este artigo objetiva investigar a construção discursiva da política de resistência na crônica Companheiras, da autora Eneida de Moraes (1903–1971), bem como identificar as vozes sociais manifestadas por meio desse discurso. O texto foi escrito na década de 1950, porém relata fatos históricos da década de 1930. Foram selecionados trechos do texto que assinalam o percurso do sujeito confinado na prisão, imobilizado pela repressão, mas encontrando formas para sobreviver e resistir às coerções impostas. Nos fundamentamos nos pressupostos teóricos da Semiótica Francesa, elucidando aspectos narrativos e discursivos, incidências de elementos da vertente tensiva, destacando também o conceito de formas de vida da maneira como o utiliza Fontanille (2015). A análise revela que o discurso de resistência se constrói pela unicidade de vozes sociais que afrontam um sistema de poder autoritário e repressor. É um discurso tecido em ações de resistência coletiva sustentadas nas afetividades e na partilha do mesmo pensamento ideológico em prol de uma nova organização política pautada nos princípios democráticos e na liberdade de expressão. Dessa forma, o trabalho vem contribuir para a compreensão de discursividades que se localizam ideologicamente no campo da política de resistência e de enfrentamentos dos sistemas de poder.
Desigualdades de gênero no subcampo científico da comunicação: o teto de vidro no quintal
Authors: Oliveira-Cruz Milena Freire de , Wottrich Laura
Published: May 2023

Este artigo aborda as desigualdades de gênero no subcampo científico da comunicação no Brasil, a partir de um mapeamento direcionado aos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, às Bolsas de Produtividade em Pesquisa, às entidades e aos periódicos científicos. Apresentamos inicialmente um panorama das epistemologias feministas e a questão de gênero na ciência. Em seguida, são abordadas as dinâmicas próprias de (re)produção das desigualdades de gênero no subcampo científico da comunicação, a partir dos eixos selecionados. Conclui-se que as pesquisadoras possuem menor participação nos âmbitos mais elevados da carreira acadêmica, o que sugere a existência do teto de vidro, também identificada em outros campos do conhecimento.
Disputas e impasses nas representações midiáticas da skatista Rayssa Leal
Authors: Pereira Cláudia da Silva
Published: May 2023

O objetivo é discutir disputas e impasses que se impõem sobre formas comunicacionais que favoreçam a consolidação dos jovens como atores sociais, em toda a sua complexidade, nas representações midiáticas da noção de “juventude”. Aplica-se o método da Análise Interpretativa de Conteúdo em matérias jornalísticas sobre a skatista Rayssa Leal antes, durante e depois das Olimpíadas. A teoria das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici, o olhar sobre os jovens como atores sociais de Rossana Reguillo Cruz e as “culturas de lazer” de José Machado Pais colaboram para a reflexão teórica. Comparando-se matérias publicadas no jornal O Globo e outros veículos, conclui-se que as representações analisadas passam por um processo de subjetivação, porém permanecem aspectos que reforçam a ideia de juventude como conceito homogeneizante.
Cópia fiel: o problema do Campo e os limites da imagem-tempo
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Brandão
Published: May 2023

Este artigo traça dois movimentos. Primeiro, mobilizando o aparato conceitual construído por Gilles Deleuze, combinado a comentários sobre campo e quadro de autores como Bonitzer, Sabouraud, Oliveira Junior e André Parente, procura elaborar a função do Campo na imagem-movimento e na imagem-tempo, a partir de suas relações com o virtual. Em seguida, o artigo busca mostrar como Cópia fiel (2010), de Abbas Kiarostami, comparado a filmes anteriores do diretor, aponta para outro estatuto de imagem, em que o visível não mais é organizado sob a forma de Campo, mas por uma composição de linhas de força.
Observando cidades: Raul Mourão e a captura das ruas
Authors: Castro Maurício Barros de
Published: May 2023

O artigo focaliza os trabalhos de Raul Mourão voltados para a observação das cidades e para a captura da visualidade das ruas. Trata-se de um eixo da produção do artista que ele considera dedicado à documentação do real. A análise de sua obra é feita a partir de uma entrevista com o artista e diálogos com outros pesquisadores interessados na sua produção artística sobre este tema.
O funeral de Girodet e a deriva romântica
Authors: Gomes Júnior Guilherme Simões
Published: May 2023

O funeral de Girodet é tomado como ponto de inflexão no advento do romantismo, marcado por embates que envolveram Delécluze, Stendhal, Auger, Gros, Ingres, Delacroix. Busca-se demonstrar a centralidade do ateliê de David na emergência da nova orientação. Até 1824, os termos estavam embaralhados e, só então, houve um esforço para distinguir as correntes, que foram de fato infladas no processo político que culminou na Monarquia de Julho. Menos do que a afirmação de um estilo ou de um ideário, o que estava em jogo era a multiplicação de escolhas ao sabor dos caprichos dos indivíduos, que tendiam a colocar em xeque o sistema hierárquico dos fazeres artísticos, como foi bem observado nas críticas de Baudelaire, Heine e Thoré.
Cadernos de referências de Hudinilson Júnior
Authors: Júnior Hudinilson , Rossi Simone
Published: May 2023

Este conjunto de imagens reúne a extraordinária exuberância gráfica de Cadernos de referências e os principais temas que permeiam a poética narrativa de Hudinilson Jr. Olhos, mãos, carne, corpos em movimento, mitos, Cristo, ecstasy, máscaras e animais se combinam em um universo desejante, no qual Narciso, ao olhar-se no espelho, vê o mundo.
Polycomb Group Protein CBX7 Represses Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Through Modulation of the TARDBP/RBM38 Axis
Authors: Cho Kyu-Won , Andrade Mark , Bae Seongho , Kim Sangsung , Eyun Kim Jin , Jang Er Yearn , Lee Sangho , Husain Ahsan , Sutliff Roy L. , Calvert John W. , Park Changwon , Yoon Young-sup
Published: May 2023

Background:

Shortly after birth, cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and cease proliferation. At present, the regulatory mechanisms for this loss of proliferative capacity are poorly understood. CBX7 (chromobox 7), a polycomb group (PcG) protein, regulates the cell cycle, but its role in cardiomyocyte proliferation is unknown.

Methods:

We profiled CBX7 expression in the mouse hearts through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We overexpressed CBX7 in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes through adenoviral transduction. We knocked down CBX7 by using constitutive and inducible conditional knockout mice (

Tnnt2-Cre;Cbx7
fl/+

and

Myh6-MCM;Cbx7
fl/fl

, respectively). We measured cardiomyocyte proliferation by immunostaining of proliferation markers such as Ki67, phospho-histone 3, and cyclin B1. To examine the role of CBX7 in cardiac regeneration, we used neonatal cardiac apical resection and adult myocardial infarction models. We examined the mechanism of CBX7-mediated repression of cardiomyocyte proliferation through coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and other molecular techniques.

Results:

We explored
Cbx7
expression in the heart and found that mRNA expression abruptly increased after birth and was sustained throughout adulthood. Overexpression of CBX7 through adenoviral transduction reduced proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes and promoted their multinucleation. On the other hand, genetic inactivation of
Cbx7
increased proliferation of cardiomyocytes and impeded cardiac maturation during postnatal heart growth. Genetic ablation of
Cbx7
promoted regeneration of neonatal and adult injured hearts. Mechanistically, CBX7 interacted with TARDBP (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and positively regulated its downstream target, RBM38 (RNA Binding Motif Protein 38), in a TARDBP-dependent manner. Overexpression of RBM38 inhibited the proliferation of CBX7-depleted neonatal cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that CBX7 directs the cell cycle exit of cardiomyocytes during the postnatal period by regulating its downstream targets TARDBP and RBM38. This is the first study to demonstrate the role of CBX7 in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and CBX7 could be an important target for cardiac regeneration.
Rising and Falling High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in Diagnostic Algorithms for Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Sörensen Nils A. , Hartikainen Tau S. , Goßling Alina , Lehmacher Jonas , Toprak Betül , Twerenbold Raphael , Richter Janine , Banko Thorben , Korschid Solaf , Schmidt Jakob , Keller Till , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk , Neumann Johannes T.
Published: May 2023

Background

High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn)‐based diagnostic algorithms are recommended for the management of patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) without ST elevation. Although mirroring different phases of myocardial injury, falling and rising troponin patterns (FPs and RPs, respectively) are equally considered by most algorithms. We aimed to compare the performance of diagnostic protocols for RPs and FPs, separately.

Methods and Results

We pooled 2 prospective cohorts of patients with suspected MI and stratified patients to stable, FP, and RP during serial sampling separately for hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT and applied the European Society of Cardiology 0/1‐ and 0/3‐hour algorithms comparing the positive predictive values to rule in MI. Overall, 3523 patients were included in the hs‐cTnI study population. The positive predictive value for patients with an FP was significantly reduced compared with patients with an RP (0/1‐hour: FP, 53.3% [95% CI, 45.0–61.4] versus RP, 76.9 [95% CI, 71.6–81.7]; 0/3‐hour: FP, 56.9% [95% CI, 42.2–70.7] versus RP, 78.1% [95% CI, 74.0–81.8]). The proportion of patients in the observe zone was larger in the FP using 0/1‐hour (31.3% versus 55.8%) and 0/3‐hour (14.6% versus 38.6%) algorithms. Alternative cutoffs did not improve algorithm performances. Compared with stable hs‐cTn, the risk for death or MI was highest in those with an FP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], hs‐cTnI 2.3 [95% CI, 1.7–3.2]; RP adjusted HR, hs‐cTnI 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4–2.4]). Findings were similar for hs‐cTnT tested in 3647 patients overall.

Conclusions

The positive predictive value to rule in MI by the European Society of Cardiology 0/1‐ and 0/3‐hour algorithms is significantly lower in patients with FP than RP. These are at highest risk for incident death or MI.

REGISTRATION:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT02355457, NCT03227159.
Geographic Disparities in Case Fatality and Discharge Disposition Among Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bako Abdulaziz T. , Potter Thomas , Pan Alan , Tannous Jonika , Rahman Omar , Langefeld Carl , Woo Daniel , Britz Gavin , Vahidy Farhaan S.
Published: May 2023

Background

We evaluate nationwide trends and urban–rural disparities in case fatality (in‐hospital mortality) and discharge dispositions among patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods and Results

In this repeated cross‐sectional study, we identified adult patients (≥18 years of age) with primary ICH from the National Inpatient Sample (2004–2018). Using a series of survey design Poisson regression models, with hospital location–time interaction, we report the adjusted risk ratio (aRR), 95% CI, and average marginal effect (AME) for factors associated with ICH case fatality and discharge dispositions. We performed a stratified analysis of each model among patients with extreme loss of function and minor to major loss of function. We identified 908 557 primary ICH hospitalizations (overall mean age [SD], 69.0 [15.0] years; 445 301 [49.0%] women; 49 884 [5.5%] rural ICH hospitalizations). The crude ICH case fatality rate was 25.3% (urban hospitals: 24.9%, rural hospitals:32.5%). Urban (versus rural) hospital patients had a lower likelihood of ICH case fatality (aRR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.83–0.89]). ICH case fatality is declining over time; however, it is declining faster in urban hospitals (AME, −0.049 [95% CI, −0.051 to −0.047]) compared with rural hospitals (AME, −0.034 [95% CI, −0.040 to −0.027]). Conversely, home discharge is increasing significantly among urban hospitals (AME, 0.011 [95% CI, 0.008–0.014]) but not significantly changing in rural hospitals (AME, −0.001 [95% CI, −0.010 to 0.007]). Among patients with extreme loss of function, hospital location was not significantly associated with ICH case fatality or home discharge.

Conclusions

Improving access to neurocritical care resources, particularly in resource‐limited communities, may reduce the ICH outcomes disparity gap.
Factors Impacting Treatment of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Qualitative Study of Emergency Responders
Authors: Missel Amanda L. , Dowker Stephen R. , Dzierwa Drake , Krein Sarah L. , Coulter‐Thompson Emilee I. , Williams Michelle , Trumpower Brad , Swor Robert , Hunt Nathaniel , Friedman Charles P.
Published: May 2023

Background

Of the more than 250 000 emergency medical services‐treated out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests that occur each year in the United States, only about 8% survive to hospital discharge with good neurologic function. Treatment for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest involves a system of care that includes complex interactions among multiple stakeholders. Understanding the factors inhibiting optimal care is fundamental to improving outcomes.

Methods and Results

We conducted group interviews with emergency responders including 911 telecommunicators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and transporting emergency medical services personnel (ie, emergency medical technicians and paramedics) who responded to the same out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest incident. We used the American Heart Association System of Care as the framework for our analysis to identify themes and their contributory factors from these interviews. We identified 5 themes under the structure domain, which included workload, equipment, prehospital communication structure, education and competency, and patient attitudes. In the process domain, 5 themes were identified focusing on preparedness, field response and access to patient, on‐scene logistics, background information acquisition, and clinical interventions. We identified 3 system themes including emergency responder culture; community support, education, and engagement; and stakeholder relationships. Three continuous quality improvement themes were identified, which included feedback provision, change management, and documentation.

Conclusions

We identified structure, process, system, and continuous quality improvement themes that may be leveraged to improve outcomes for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Interventions or programs amenable to rapid implementation include improving prearrival communication between agencies, appointing patient care and logistical leadership on‐scene, interstakeholder team training, and providing more standardized feedback to all responder groups.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cardiac Surveillance Evaluation of Patients Treated With Anthracycline‐Based Chemotherapy
Authors: DeRemer David L. , Nguyen Nam K. , Guha Avirup , Ahmad Faraz S. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. , Pepine Carl J. , Fradley Michael G. , Gong Yan
Published: May 2023

Background

Anthracyclines remain a key treatment for many malignancies but can increase the risk of heart failure or cardiomyopathy. Specific guidelines recommend echocardiography and serum cardiac biomarkers such as BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide) or NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal proBNP) evaluation before and 6 to 12 months after treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations between racial and ethnic groups in cardiac surveillance of survivors of cancer after exposure to anthracyclines.

Methods and Results

Adult patients in the OneFlorida Consortium without prior cardiovascular disease who received at least 2 cycles of anthracyclines were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for receiving cardiac surveillance at baseline before anthracycline therapy, 6 months after, and 12 months after anthracycline exposure among different racial and ethnic groups. Among the entire cohort of 5430 patients, 63.4% had a baseline echocardiogram, with 22.3% receiving an echocardiogram at 6 months and 25% at 12 months. Non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) patients had a lower likelihood of receiving a baseline echocardiogram than Non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.88];
P
=0.0006) or any baseline cardiac surveillance (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.64–0.89];
P
=0.001). Compared with NHW patients, Hispanic patients received significantly less cardiac surveillance at the 6‐month (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72–0.98];
P
=0.03) and 12‐month (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74–0.98];
P
=0.03) time points, respectively.

Conclusions

There were significant racial and ethnic differences in cardiac surveillance among survivors of cancer at baseline and following anthracycline‐based treatment in NHB and Hispanic cohorts. Health care providers need to be cognizant of these social inequities and initiate efforts to ensure recommended cardiac surveillance occurs following anthracyclines.
Significant Delayed Activation on the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Represents Complete Right Bundle‐Branch Block Pattern in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Morimoto Yoshimasa , Morita Hiroshi , Ejiri Kentaro , Mizuno Tomofumi , Masuda Takuro , Ueoka Akira , Asada Saori , Miyamoto Masakazu , Kawada Satoshi , Nakagawa Koji , Nishii Nobuhiro , Nakamura Kazufumi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Background

The appearance of complete right bundle‐branch block (CRBBB) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation. The pathophysiological mechanism of CRBBB in patients with BrS has not been well established. We aimed to clarify the significance of a conduction delay zone associated with arrhythmias on CRBBB using body surface mapping in patients with BrS.

Methods and Results

Body surface mapping was recorded in 11 patients with BrS and 8 control patients both with CRBBB. CRBBB in control patients was transiently exhibited by unintentional catheter manipulation (proximal RBBB). Ventricular activation time maps were constructed for both of the groups. We divided the anterior chest into 4 areas (inferolateral right ventricle [RV], RV outflow tract [RVOT], intraventricular septum, and left ventricle) and compared activation patterns between the 2 groups. Excitation propagated to the RV from the left ventricle through the intraventricular septum with activation delay in the entire RV in the control group (proximal RBBB pattern). In 7 patients with BrS, excitation propagated from the inferolateral RV to the RVOT with significant regional activation delay. The remaining 4 patients with BrS showed a proximal RBBB pattern with the RVOT activation delay. The ventricular activation time in the inferolateral RV was significantly shorter in patients with BrS without a proximal RBBB pattern than in control patients.

Conclusions

The CRBBB morphology in patients with BrS consisted of 2 mechanisms: (1) significantly delayed conduction in the RVOT and (2) proximal RBBB with RVOT conduction delay. Significant RVOT conduction delay without proximal RBBB resulted in CRBBB morphology in patients with BrS.
Peptidase Inhibitor 16 Attenuates Left Ventricular Injury and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting the HDAC1‐Wnt3a‐β‐Catenin Signaling Axis
Authors: Wang Luyang , Du Anning , Lu Yan , Zhao Yunxi , Qiu Ming , Su Zhenyang , Shu Huanyu , Shen Hui , Sun Wei , Kong Xiangqing
Published: May 2023

Background

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. PI16 (peptidase inhibitor 16), as a secreted protein, is highly expressed in heart diseases such as heart failure. However, the functional role of PI16 in MI is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of PI16 after MI and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results

PI16 levels after MI were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence staining, which showed that PI16 was upregulated in the plasma of patients with acute MI and in the infarct zone of murine hearts. PI16 gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were used to investigate the potential role of PI16 after MI. In vitro, PI16 overexpression inhibited oxygen–glucose deprivation–induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, whereas knockdown of PI16 exacerbated neonatal rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In vivo, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was performed on PI16 transgenic mice, PI16 knockout mice, and their littermates. PI16 transgenic mice showed decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after MI and improved left ventricular remodeling at 28 days after MI. Conversely, PI16 knockout mice showed aggravated infract size and remodeling. Mechanistically, PI16 downregulated Wnt3a (wingless‐type MMTV integration site family, member 3a)/β‐catenin pathways, and the antiapoptotic role of PI16 was reversed by recombinant Wnt3a in oxygen–glucose deprivation–induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PI16 also inhibited HDAC1 (class I histone deacetylase) expression, and overexpression HDAC1 abolished the inhibition of apoptosis and Wnt signaling of PI16.

Conclusions

In summary, PI16 protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and left ventricular remodeling after MI through the HDAC1‐Wnt3a‐β‐catenin axis.
The Belligerent Bear: Russia, Status Orders, and War
Authors: Røren Pål
Published: May 2023

Do states get higher social status from fighting? The prestige of war depends on the type of “status order” that it is interpreted in. Status orders condition and enable the pursuit and recognition of status within social clubs of world politics. Depending on the status order, social clubs may either value or stigmatize belligerence. An analysis comparing the status recognition that Russia received in three social clubs (the great power club, the G-8, and the UN Security Council) after it annexed Crimea and invaded eastern Ukraine in 2014 explores this assumption. The analysis shows that war generated different status effects on Russia's status within each of these clubs. Contrary to popular belief, and amid widespread condemnation, Russia was increasingly recognized as a great power within U.S. public discourse. In contrast, Russia's belligerence diminished its status within the G-8 and had little effect on its status in the UN Security Council. The findings underline the importance of context in estimating status effects of participating in wars and any other behavior that might impact a state's standing in world politics.
The Path to Atonement: West Germany and Israel after the Holocaust
Authors: Bachleitner Kathrin
Published: May 2023

Atonement is a state practice that comprises an official political apology and the offer of reparation payments to former victims of mass atrocities, war crimes, and human rights abuses. Despite being considered the moral and right thing to do, atonement has occurred only once at the state level: between West Germany and Israel in 1952. Whereas existing explanations view the West German pathway after the Holocaust as either an ethical choice or a domestic policy induced by U.S. pressure, atonement can also be a political decision. Politicians may give official apologies and pay reparations because such practices promise tangible political benefits. An investigation of the West German–Israeli case and a comparison with two non-atoning perpetrators of World War II, Austria and Japan, illustrate the plausibility of these claims. Atonement emerged as a bilateral strategy between West Germany and Israel because it represented a politically expedient option for both countries. This finding offers insights into when politicians may pursue atonement in other cases and points to a potential avenue toward long-term international stability and durable peace.
Estradiol and the Catechol-o-methyltransferase Gene Interact to Predict Working Memory Performance: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Louis Courtney C. , Jacobs Emily , D'Esposito Mark , Moser Jason
Published: May 2023

Decades of evidence across taxa have established the importance of dopamine (DA) signaling in the pFC for successful working memory performance. Genetic and hormonal factors can shape individual differences in prefrontal DA tone. The catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene regulates basal prefrontal DA, and the sex hormone 17β-estradiol potentiates DA release. E. Jacobs and M. D’Esposito [Estrogen shapes dopamine-dependent cognitive processes: Implications for women’s health. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 5286–5293, 2011] investigated the moderating role of estradiol on cognition using the COMT gene and COMT enzymatic activity as a proxy for pFC DA tone. They found that increases in 17β-estradiol within women at two time points during the menstrual cycle influenced working memory performance in a COMT-dependent manner. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend the behavioral findings of Jacobs and D'Esposito by employing an intensive repeated-measures design across a full menstrual cycle. Our results replicated the original investigation. Within-person increases in estradiol were associated with improved performance on 2-back lure trials for participants with low basal levels of DA (Val/Val carriers). The association was in the opposite direction for participants with higher basal levels of DA (Met/Met carriers). Our findings support the role of estrogen in DA-related cognitive functions and further highlight the need to consider gonadal hormones in cognitive science research.
Altered State of Consciousness and Mental Imagery as a Function of N, N-dimethyltryptamine Concentration in Ritualistic Ayahuasca Users
Authors: Ramaekers Johannes G. , Mallaroni Pablo , Kloft Lilian , Reckweg Johannes T. , Toennes Stefan W. , van Oorsouw Kim , Mason Natasha L.
Published: May 2023

Consumption of the psychedelic brew ayahuasca is a central ritualistic aspect of the Santo Daime religion. The current observational, baseline controlled study was designed to assess whether members (n = 24) of the Santo Daime church would show enhanced capacity for mental imagery during an ayahuasca experience. In addition, this study assessed whether the effects of ayahuasca on consciousness and mental imagery were related to peak serum concentration of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), the main psychoactive component. Measures of altered states of consciousness (5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire) and ego dissolution (Ego Dissolution Inventory [EDI]) as well as measures of mental imagery (visual perspective shifting, vividness of visual imagery, cognitive flexibility, associative thinking) were taken on two subsequent days on which members of Santo Daime were sober or drank a self-selected volume of ayahuasca. Measures of altered states of consciousness revealed that feelings of oceanic boundlessness, visual restructuralization, and EDI increased most prominently after drinking and shared a positive correlation with peak DMT concentration. Measures of mental imagery did not noticeably differ between the baseline and ayahuasca condition, although subjective ratings of cognitive flexibility were lower under ayahuasca. Two measures related to mental imagery, that is, perspective shifts and cognitive flexibility, were significantly correlated to peak DMT concentrations. Peak concentrations of DMT and other alkaloids did not correlate with ayahuasca dose. These findings confirm previous notions that the primary phenomenological characteristics of ayahuasca are driven by DMT. Compensatory or neuroadaptive effects associated with long-term ayahuasca intake may have mitigated the acute impact of ayahuasca in Santo Daime members on mental imagery.
Things That Sing: The Liveliness of Vessels in Early Greek Art and Poetry
Authors: Steiner Deborah T.
Published: May 2023

At the outset of Olympian 7, Pindar figures the ode currently being performed to the phorminx and pipes as an all-gold phiale ‘plashing within with the dew of the vine’ (1–12); elsewhere, the poetic voice addresses his chorodidaskalos as a ‘sweet kratēr of loudly-sounding songs’ (Ol. 6.91). This paper proposes that we take these equations between songs and cups, bowls, and containers more generally at the most literal level: as my discussion of protome cauldrons, kraters, and kylikes demonstrates, early Greek artists and craftsmen created a series of manufactured goods that through their materiality, their functions, modes of deployment, and their iconography invited viewers and users to perceive them as artefacts endowed with music- and song-making powers largely independent of human agency. Using the insights of New Materialism and Posthumanism, my close scrutiny of the three types of vessels, together with texts describing these, permits us to discern their musical emissions, vocal and instrumental both, and alerts us to the ways in which music was conceived while even prompting us to recreate something of its lost sonorities.
War-Canoes and Poisoned Arrows
Authors: Winter Cameron
Published: May 2023

The paper examines the repulse of fifteenth century Portuguese slave raids in the Senegambia by the armed forces of the empires of Great Jolof and Imperial Mali, within the context of the ongoing Military Revolution debate and with an emphasis on the military organization and weaponry deployed by both sides. Despite the claims of some historians about early European advantages in naval warfare, any such superiority on the part of the European vessels was not demonstrated in these encounters, with the war-canoes and poisoned arrows of the Jolof and Malian marines proving highly effective against the caravels, cannons, and crossbows of the Portuguese sailors. The African militaries of the Senegambia region were well-organized, well-disciplined, and more than capable of defeating European marauders. If Europeans did develop notable military advantages over West Africans in the sixteenth century, they had not yet begun to do so in the fifteenth.
Does Presenting Facility and Race Impact Outcomes and Management of Pyloric Stenosis?
Authors: Nonnemacher Cory , Glenn Joshua , Moore Hannah
Published: May 2023

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) is a common surgical disease in infants. Traditionally, patients present with projectile emesis and severe dehydration with metabolic alkalosis. We looked to assess if patients presenting as a transfer vs directly to our facility as well as race affected patients’ initial presentation and outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of 131 patients who presented to with a diagnosis of HPS from 2015 to 2021 assessing how transfer status and patient race affected presenting electrolyte levels and length of stay (LOS). We found no statistically significant difference in patients’ presenting electrolyte levels and hospital LOS based on transfer status or patient race. We believe this reflects availability and widespread utility of ultrasound. We suggest that this could be used as a model for standardizing care to equalize outcomes in other pediatric diseases which currently show large disparities in care based on race and geographical location.
Effect of Early Versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Postoperative Morbidity and Difficult Cholecystectomy in Patients With Grade II Cholecystitis According to Tokyo 2018 Guidelines: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kilinc Tuncer Gizem , Tuncer Korhan , Sert Ismail , Emiroglu Mustafa
Published: May 2023

Background

The timing of the cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis is still controversial. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of early and delayed cholecystectomy on difficult cholecystectomy, morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with Grade II acute cholecystitis according to Tokyo 2018 guidelines.

Methods

Patients who presented to the emergency department and diagnosed with Grade II acute cholecystitis between December 2019 and June 2021 were included in this study. Cholecystectomy was performed within 7 days and 6 weeks after symptom onset. The effect of early and delayed cholecystectomy was observed.

Results

A total of 92 patients were included in the study. The timing of cholecystectomy was not a risk factor for mortality, morbidity and difficult cholecystectomy. The conversion rate was higher in delayed group ( P = .007). The bleeding was significantly higher in early group ( P = .033). Total hospital stay was higher in delayed group ( P < .001). CRP was a predictive parameter for increased Parkland score in early group ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Delayed cholecystectomy does not facilitate cholecystectomy in patients with Grade II acute cholecystitis. Early cholecystectomy can be performed safely and high CRP levels can be used to determine difficult cholecystectomy in early period.
Septal Perforation Repair Quality of Life Outcomes Using the Revised 15-item Glasgow Benefit Inventory
Authors: Taylor Cullen M. , Marino Michael J. , Bansberg Stephen F.
Published: May 2023

Background:

The 18-item Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) has been widely used to measure patient general health response to otorhinolaryngologic and facial plastic interventions. The GBI was recently reorganized into 15 questions with 5 sub-scale factors ( GBI-5F) to improve its utility. Application of the GBI-5F to septal perforation treatments may improve our understanding of quality of life outcomes.

Methodology/Principal:

The GBI was given to patients seen from August 2018 through October 2021 who were at least 6 months postoperative attempted perforation surgical closure using bilateral nasal mucosal flaps with an interposition graft. Original GBI and GBI-5F scores were computed and subgroup analysis performed in this retrospective medical record review.

Results:

Of the 98 patients (mean age 45.5 years) who met study criteria, 65 were female. Mean perforation length was 12.9, and height 9.7 mm. The mean postoperative time to GBI completion was 12.7 months. Highest GBI-5F scores were noted in the Quality of Life factor, followed by Self-confidence and Social Involvement. Females reported significantly higher scores than men. Total GBI scores were similar to those recorded for other rhinologic procedures.

Conclusions:

The GBI-5F provides measurable insight into patient quality of life benefit following septal perforation repair.
Detection of serum M-protein in acetonitrile precipitates by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: A novel, low-cost methodology
Authors: Mehra Nikita , Gopisetty Gopal , Subramani Jayavelu , Dhanasekar Sariga , Rajamanickam Arivazhagan , Perumal Kalaiyarasi Jayachandran , Karunakaran Parathan , Kannan Krishnarathinam , Rajaraman Swaminathan , Rajkumar Thangarajan
Published: May 2023

Background

Several studies have demonstrated the analytical sensitivity of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) by immunoenrichment for M-protein analysis. We report the results of a novel, low-cost, reagent-based extraction process using acetonitrile (ACN) precipitation to enrich for κ and λ light chains which can be analysed by MALDI-TOF MS.

Methods

Institutional Ethics committee approval was obtained. Serum samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM), plasmacytoma, AL amyloidosis and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) underwent ACN precipitation. The images obtained were overlaid on apparently healthy donor serum samples to confirm the presence of M-protein. A sample was considered positive for M-protein if there was a sharp or broad peak within the κ or λ mass/charge ( m/z) range: m/z- [M + 2H]2+: 11,550–12,300 Da and λ m/z- [M + 2H]2+: 11,100–11,500 Da. Images were acquired at a m/z range of 10,000–29,000 Da. Corresponding serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and serum free light chain (sFLC) assay by nephelometry were performed for all the samples.

Results

Two-hundred-and-two serum samples were included in the study: MM- 184 (91%); AL amyloidosis- 2 (1%); plasmacytoma- 8 (4%); MGUS- 6 (3%) and WM- 2 (1%). All the SPEP positive samples were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Out of 179 samples positive for M-protein by IFE, MALDI-TOF MS was positive in 176 samples (98%). Compared to IFE, the sensitivity and specificity of M-protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS were 98.3% and 52.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of qualitatively identifying M-protein without the need for antibody-based immunoenrichment, making the technique cost-effective.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical patients in Cambodia over a 10-year period
Authors: Wong William , Bak Vi-Seth , Luo Weisang , Hoksear Suon , Rith Prum , Gollogly James
Published: May 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related surgical infections are a global challenge. The burden of antimicrobial resistance is high throughout South-East Asia, and this is reflected in our local institution in Cambodia. Between 2011 and 2013, we analysed 251 wound swab samples at the Children's Surgical Centre, Phnom Penh; 52.5% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates ( n = 52/99) were MRSA positive. Ten years on, we have sought to investigate whether there is a difference in MRSA rates within our adult and paediatric patient population. Between 2020 and 2022, MRSA rates in our patient population have remained similar at 53.8% ( n = 42/78). Resistance profiles of MRSA isolates have also remained similar with a significant proportion of MRSA still showing sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. We also find that patients presenting with wound infection secondary to trauma or orthopaedic implants had greater propensity to yield MRSA.
Effective Probation Strategies to Respond to Signals of Poor Progress on Community Supervision
Authors: Breno Alex J. , Bhati Avinash , VanDeinse Tonya , Murphy Amy , Cuddeback Gary S. , Taxman Faye S.
Published: May 2023

With over 4 million adults under community supervision and an average of 30% that do not fare well, an unanswered question is which strategies reduce the likelihood of technical, absconding, and new arrest violations during the early phase of supervision. Utilizing data on 32,335 moderate to high-supervised individuals on supervision in North Carolina, the study found that success during the first 6 months is due to probation officers’ use of incentives to promote positive behavior and swift community-based consequences to address negative behavior, prioritizing treatment services or cognitive programs, increasing monitoring requirements, and using skill-building worksheets to increase engagement and build rapport. Officer actions are more important than individual characteristics, and can promote success for those that are under the age of 31, have more complex needs, and are identified as at-risk for violating supervision. Future studies should explore these concepts more directly regarding their relationship with recidivism.
Spatial Segregation in Action? An Empirical Assessment of Population Concentration of Foreigners and Nationals in Italy, 2002–2018
Authors: Benassi Federico , Mucciardi Massimo , Carella Maria , Naccarato Alessia , Salvati Luca
Published: May 2023

The spatial concentration of human populations is a dynamic attribute of demographic systems and a multifaceted research dimension intrinsically dependent on settlement patterns and diverging (individual) geographies. An extensive literature dealing with the quantitative assessment of this demographic aspect has proposed several methodologies and approaches, conceptualizing and operationalizing the notions of “place” and “scale” in a different way. In this perspective, the present study investigates the spatial distribution of foreign and national populations residing in Italy for three years (2002, 2010, and 2018) adopting a mixed approach that integrates exploratory and confirmative statistical analyses of demographic indicators. The empirical results of this approach demonstrate that diverging interpretations of settlement patterns may result from the use of different methodologies, indicators, and observational scales. The study finally argues how future research on this topic should advocate for a better understanding of foreigners’ settlement pattern as a place-specific process and insists on the importance of measures based on integrated (spatial and statistical) approaches.
Seasonal workers wanted! Germany’s seasonal labour migration regime and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Biaback Anong Dorothea
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic publicly exposed the urgent need for seasonal workers in agriculture. In Germany, an entry ban and entry quotas for seasonal workers at the beginning of the pandemic caused major attention. Taking this moment as magnifying glass, the article asks how the German seasonal labour migration regime is constructed (legally) and legitimated (discursively), and in how far the pandemic has caused shifts within this regime. Based on an analysis of the legal framework and the political discourse around seasonal work from 2018 to 2020 in Germany, the seasonal labour migration regime is characterised as just-in-time migration tailored to the needs of agricultural business, where migrants’ work force is not absorbed homogenously by precarious labour sectors, but rather specific groups of migrant workers are integrated differently through mechanisms of differential inclusion. Within this regime, seasonal workers function as outsourced labour, whose reproduction costs remain abroad. On the discursive level, the article shows how seasonal workers are produced as ‘wanted migrants’ by linking seasonal migration to the interests of the ‘homeland’. While the pandemic momentarily caused some shifts on the discoursively level, the article shows that the seasonal labour regime as a whole remains rather stable in time.
Money, slavery, myth
Authors: Sorentino Sara-Maria
Published: May 2023

The article engages relays between the origins of money and origins of slavery, using Marxist reconstructions of “substance” in order to approach the negative zone of anti-blackness. In one move, I read money and slavery as two sides of the same coin: expressions of anxieties concerning equivalences that cannot be in reality (money) and inequalities that persist in democratic life (slavery). In another, I continue to argue that slavery exerts an important role in the story of capitalism, not only as a past index for a “mode of production,” but more importantly in encrypting a certain monetary form of domination that translates the realization of commensurability. While there have been connections drawn between the origin of freedom in slavery, the origin of subjectivity in the money-form, and the origin of money in slavery, the vanishing mediator in this triad is blackness, a negative substance whose flexible uses and appearances are driven towards its own actualized disappearance in scenes of racial violence. If money masks the impossibility of commensurability, and labor and race ground the conditions for commensurability exemplified in freedom, slavery marks the space of incommensurability itself. In the line from Aristotle to Marx, the slave can serve as the first non-substantialist origin story for exchange.
High-physiological and supra-physiological 1,2-13C2 glucose focal supplementation to the traumatised human brain
Authors: Stovell Matthew G , Howe Duncan J , Thelin Eric P , Jalloh Ibrahim , Helmy Adel , Guilfoyle Mathew R , Grice Peter , Mason Andrew , Giorgi-Coll Susan , Gallagher Clare N , Murphy Michael P , Menon David K , Carpenter T Adrian , Hutchinson Peter J , Carpenter Keri LH
Published: May 2023

How to optimise glucose metabolism in the traumatised human brain remains unclear, including whether injured brain can metabolise additional glucose when supplied. We studied the effect of microdialysis-delivered 1,2-13C2 glucose at 4 and 8 mmol/L on brain extracellular chemistry using bedside ISCUS flex, and the fate of the 13C label in the 8 mmol/L group using high-resolution NMR of recovered microdialysates, in 20 patients. Compared with unsupplemented perfusion, 4 mmol/L glucose increased extracellular concentrations of pyruvate (17%, p = 0.04) and lactate (19%, p = 0.01), with a small increase in lactate/pyruvate ratio (5%, p = 0.007). Perfusion with 8 mmol/L glucose did not significantly influence extracellular chemistry measured with ISCUS flex, compared to unsupplemented perfusion. These extracellular chemistry changes appeared influenced by the underlying metabolic states of patients’ traumatised brains, and the presence of relative neuroglycopaenia. Despite abundant 13C glucose supplementation, NMR revealed only 16.7% 13C enrichment of recovered extracellular lactate; the majority being glycolytic in origin. Furthermore, no 13C enrichment of TCA cycle-derived extracellular glutamine was detected. These findings indicate that a large proportion of extracellular lactate does not originate from local glucose metabolism, and taken together with our earlier studies, suggest that extracellular lactate is an important transitional step in the brain’s production of glutamine.
Perceived Economic Stress and Adolescents’ Bullying Victimization: The Roles of Self-Esteem and Student-Student Relationships
Authors: Wang Xingchao , Wang Wenyuan
Published: May 2023

In the present study, we sought to examine the relationship between perceived economic stress and adolescents’ bullying victimization and extended previous literature by examining the mediating effect of self-esteem as well as the moderating effects of student-student relationships and gender in this association. The research hypotheses were tested among 2407 adolescents from China ( M age = 12.75 years, SD = 0.58) with a moderated mediation model. Results indicated that adolescents with high perceived economic stress were more likely to be bullied. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization. Furthermore, student-student relationships moderated the relationship between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization and the relationship between perceived economic stress and self-esteem. Gender did not moderate the direct and indirect relationships between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization. These findings have potential applications for reducing the risk of bullying victimization and promoting positive development for adolescents.