bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring learning in nursing using the electroencephalogram and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory – IMI
Authors: Cardoso Karen , Zaro Milton Antônio
Published: January 2025

Abstract — The objectives of this study were to develop the Laboratory of Immersive Learning in Health and Nursing - LIASE, based on the main themes of biosafety in health, and to evaluate the learning process of undergraduate nursing students from a public federal university through portable Electroencephalogram (EEG) Emotiv Insight 2.0, observation, and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. The present research contains a qualitative-quantitative, exploratory, and experimental methodology from a pilot virtual laboratory, developed in the Immersive Virtual World - IVW, represented in this study by Second Life - SL. The sample consisted of 17 students who agreed with the inclusion criteria of the study. Among them, 9 students had stable EEG signals. Those students were observed during the monitoring of brain activity by the EEG, and at the end of the proposed learning pathway, they filled out the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). The results were obtained through triangulation of the different collection instruments and the variables - Stress, Enthusiasm/Excitement, Engagement, Focus/attention, and Relaxation, measured and verified by the Emotiv algorithm's brain wave analysis, which algorithm which correspond to the metrics of brain performance.
Identity of the National Film Festival in Indonesia
Authors: Undiana Nala Nandana , Abdullah Aceng , Agustin Herlina , Wirakusumah Teddy Kurnia
Published: January 2025

Film festivals serve as vital platforms for disseminating and appreciating film works, acting as cultural events that involve multiple stakeholders. This study examines the organizational challenges and communication barriers within the Festival Film Indonesia (FFI) from 2019 to 2021. We utilized a qualitative case study methodology and conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, film practitioners, and industry experts. The findings reveal significant communication barriers that impact program coordination, organizer involvement, curation processes, and audience engagement. These barriers contribute to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in the festival’s execution. The study highlights the need for structured communication protocols and the integration of digital tools to enhance coordination among stakeholders. The proposed solutions aim to improve the festival’s organization, ensuring it fulfills its role as a platform for cultural exchange and industry development. This research contributes to the broader understanding of film festival management and offers practical insights for future improvements in similar events.
Nos faltaban muchas personas. La Cooperación Transformadora no Normativa y la Diversidad sexual y de género
Authors: Altamira Basterretxea Fernando
Published: January 2025

Aunque durante años la Diversidad sexual y de género (DSG) ha estado silenciada en el sector de la Cooperación del Estado español, se empiezan a apoyar experiencias relacionadas con las personas LGTBIQ+. Sin embargo, la revisión de la literatura muestra que se carece de un marco teórico propio en dicho sector. Así pues, en esta investigación se avanza, junto a tres organizaciones (Mugarik Gabe, Setem Hego Haizea y medicusmundi Bizkaia) y el resto de las personas y colectivos implicados, en un marco teórico denominado Cooperación Transformadora no Normativa (CTnN), que encuentra sentido desde el feminismo y desde un enfoque interseccional, dotándola de una dimensión política. Mediante el análisis de las tres organizaciones participantes, se contrasta si ponen en práctica esta CTnN o si tan solo incorporan a algunas personas LGTBIQ+ en sus proyectos. A través de estos tres casos se pueden identificar algunas prácticas concretas que se llevan a cabo, las nuevas posibilidades que se abren respecto a la CTnN, así como las dificultades, limitaciones y miedos que pueden existir a la hora de incorporar la DSG en los procesos de Cooperación. Las tres organizaciones participantes han sido muy generosas a la hora de exponerse en esta investigación, porque sus experiencias abren nuevos posibles.
Internacionalización de la educación superior ecuatoriana. Análisis descriptivo
Authors: Pinos Montenegro Judith , Zurita Altamirano Julio
Published: January 2025

Propósito: a) Analizar los estudios sobre la internacionalización en la educación superior ecuatoriana y b) Determinar las coincidencias en torno a la caracterización, tipología, causas y recomendaciones sobre la internacionalización en la educación superior ecuatoriana. Metodología: Abordaje de corte documental. Se emplea como técnica el análisis de textos para la identificación de las enunciaciones y composición del discurso. Procedimientos: selección del cuerpo documental en función a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Análisis y sistematización. Organización en unidades hermenéuticas. Redacción del informe de investigación. Resultados: la internacionalización es un proceso antiguo que nace con las propias universidades, pero al mismo tiempo es débil al no contar con una estrategia institucional, nacional y regional que las respalde. Ecuador tiene una fuerte movilidad saliente de estudiantes y una importante incorporación de profesionales extranjeros; pero de países que atraviesan crisis económicas. Conclusiones: Los estudios son recientes no es posible la comparación o análisis de mayor profundidad.
Sentipensar el territorio desde mujeres del Guainía (Colombia). Una aproximación desde la Antropología del Arte
Authors: Aquino Chura Maria Leticia , Boni Alejandra , Tovar Patricia
Published: January 2025

Esta investigación refleja un proceso dialógico con las mujeres del Guainía (Colombia), con la intención de responder a la pregunta ¿Cómo se expresa el sentipensar del territorio desde las mujeres en las comunidades La Ceiba y Remanso? Para ello, se utiliza una aproximación metodológica desde la Antropología del Arte y técnicas como la documentación poética, etnografía dialógica, artística y el texto audiovisual.
Como ejes teóricos están los Estudios del Pluriverso (EPV) y el giro ontológico que propone Arturo Escobar y se complementa con los aportes teóricos del Feminismo Intuitivo articulado por María Galindo.
Se elaboraron dos productos/índices en co-creación, en los que se articula el sentipensar del territorio plasmado en un video documental y una revista con documentación poética. De esta forma, se pudo entretejer y expresar la ontología relacional, política y de diseño que mantienen las mujeres en las comunidades de La Ceiba y Remanso (Guainía), manifestando las prácticas con las que se vinculan con el territorio, mediante el hacer y saber del conuco, casabe, mañoco, remedios naturales y artefactos para la cocina o la artesanía (como alternativa económica). Demostrando como su accionar reivindica el cuidado y aprecio hacia el territorio y los seres que lo habitan (familia, animales, plantas, etc.).
Feminismos, cooperación y educación superior. Reflexiones en torno al caso del Máster en Cooperación al Desarrollo por la Universitat Politècnica de València (España)
Authors: Calabuig Tormo Carola , Fernández-Baldor Álvaro
Published: January 2025

En un mundo cambiante no solo se hace necesario cuestionar los sistemas y enfoques del desarrollo y cooperación existentes, sino que también deben ser releídas y renovadas las titulaciones que desde la educación superior contribuyen a la formación de profesionales en este sector, como son los másteres en Cooperación al Desarrollo. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación que ha tenido como objetivo explorar si los másteres oficiales en Cooperación al Desarrollo ofertados por universidades españolas incorporan el feminismo y la decolonialidad en sus planes de estudio y, de ser así, cómo lo están llevando a cabo. Tras exponer lo que se entiende por visión gerencialista frente a visión crítica feminista en la formación de profesionales del desarrollo el trabajo analiza, desde un enfoque cualitativo, 14 másteres en Cooperación impartidos en España del total de 15 existentes. Se toma como caso de estudio el Máster en Cooperación al Desarrollo por la Universitat Politécnica de València, a partir del cual se reflexiona sobre las posibilidades y, al tiempo, las dificultades de ser coherentes con esa mirada crítica. Para finalizar, se sugieren algunas recomendaciones que podrían considerarse para incorporar una mirada crítica y feminista en estos estudios de posgrado, visión que contribuye a combatir las desigualdades de género de manera efectiva y a construir un modelo de sociedad más justa.
Comunidades Autónomas y trabajo infantil en el periodo 2018-2022: la relevancia de la orientación política en su aplicación
Authors: Pérez-Pineda Jorge Antonio , Pintor Pirzkall Heike Clara
Published: January 2025

La Agenda 2030 es un marco de referencia de las acciones de diversos actores comprometidos con el desarrollo sostenible, tales como los estados nacionales, subnacionales y la cooperación internacional. Tomando esto como referente, el presente artículo se plantea como objetivo, analizar el rol de la cooperación al desarrollo de las Comunidades Autónomas españolas en su aportación al trabajo infantil, y en cuanto tal, a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. El trabajo se centra en la revisión de documentos programáticos y literatura relevante en la materia para averiguar la relevancia del trabajo infantil según la Comunidad y su orientación política. Entre los principales hallazgos, se encuentran dos: se identifica que no todas las comunidades autónomas se interesan de igual forma por el trabajo infantil y, que aquellas comunidades con gobiernos de corte liberal suelen contribuir con menos recursos a este tipo de temáticas.
Private medical clinics in Russia: Development strategies in new geopolitical conditions
Authors:   LLC “MMC HT”, Oparin Eduard V.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: to systematize the development strategies of private multi-field clinics under the new geopolitical conditions in Russia and to analyze the impact of sanctions policies on them, and to identify directions for leveling it out.

Metodology: The Ansoff method, content analysis, statistical, analytical, and abstract-logical methods were used to systematize the development strategies of Russian private multi-field clinics. The information base for the study consisted of regulatory legal acts in the field of medical services, annual reports of medical clinics and analytical agencies, data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the materials from the associations of private clinics.

Findings: the practice of levelling out the sanctions pressure on the Russian economy in the healthcare sector is generalized and the development strategies of private clinics under the new geopolitical conditions in Russia are systematized using the Ansoff model.

Originality and contribution: the study is the first attempt to systematize the development strategies of private multi-field clinics in the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy and to generalize the practice of levelling out the negative impact of sanctions on the private healthcare sector. The findings of the study are relevant for both academic researchers from the commercial healthcare and for managers of private Russian clinics.
Diseño de un controlador no lineal para regular las variables de estado de un fotobiorreactor
Authors: Cabrera-Capetillo Christian Ariel , Villaseñor Villagómez Luis Fernando , Castillo Baltazar Omar S. , Bravo Sánchez Micael Gerardo , Peña Caballero Vicente
Published: January 2025

Las microalgas cultivadas en fotobiorreactores (FBR) se utilizan para producir biocombustibles renovables (biodiésel, bioetanol, biogás y biohidrógeno) por su capacidad de poder producir 20-50% lípidos del peso seco de la biomasa, además para producir bienes y diseño de servicios. El modelado del FBR mediante el modelo Droop, o Droop Model, se ha utilizado para describir la dinámica y la limitación de sustratos en este bioproceso. Así, muchos procesos de producción de microalgas en FBR están normalmente controlados mediante controladores clásicos todo/nada sin considerar el modelo sistema. Debido a la importancia de mantener el/los sustrato(s) dentro de valores determinados para maximizar la productividad, en este estudio, abordamos el problema de regulación de la concentración de sustrato en el FBR mediante la implementación numérica de un nuevo controlador no lineal en la dinámica de un FTB basado el modelo Droop. La respuesta de la dinámica no lineal del sistema a lazo abierto ante diferentes tasas de dilución (D=0.5,1.0,1.5 ,2.0 1/d) fue estable y controlable y la influencia del parámetro cinético K_q en las concentraciones biomasa, quota y sustrato en el FBR fueron más sensible a diferencia de los parámetros cinéticos ρ_m, K_m, μ_m en el modelo de Droop. El controlador propuesto se compara con un controlador clásico Proporcional-Integral PI. Los resultados del desempeño de los controladores fueron evaluados numéricamente mediante el índice de desempeño ITSE frente a diferentes perturbaciones. Como resultado, se encuentra que el controlador propuesto presento un mejor desempeño para diferentes cambios de los valores de referencia de la concentración de sustrato.
Signaling Dynamics in Osteogenesis: Unraveling Therapeutic Targets for
Bone Generation
Authors: Yang Xue D. , Haga Christopher L. , Phinney Donald G.
Published: January 2025

Diseases affecting bone encompass a spectrum of disorders, from prevalent conditions
such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, collectively impacting millions, to rare genetic disorders
including Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). While several classes of drugs, such as bisphosphonates,
synthetic hormones, and antibodies, are utilized in the treatment of bone diseases,
their efficacy is often curtailed by issues of tolerability and high incidence of adverse effects. Developing
therapeutic agents for bone diseases is hampered by the fact that numerous pathways regulating
bone metabolism also perform pivotal functions in other organ systems. Consequently, the
selection of an appropriate target is a complicated process despite the significant demand for novel
medications to address bone diseases. Research has shown the role of various cell signaling
pathways, including Wnt, PTHR1, CASR, BMPRs, OSCAR, and TWIST1, in the regulation of osteogenesis,
bone remodeling, and homeostasis. Disruptions in bone homeostasis can result in decreased
bone density and the onset of osteoporosis. There remains a need for the development of
drugs that can enhance bone remodeling with improved side effects profiles. The exploration of
promising targets to stimulate bone formation has the potential to significantly advance the field
of bone-related medical care, thereby improving the quality of life for millions. Additionally, a
deeper understanding of anabolic and catabolic pathway mechanisms could enable future studies
to explore synergistic effects between unrelated pathways. Herein, we explore potential drug targets
that may be exploited therapeutically using small molecule agonists or antagonists to promote
bone remodeling and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Mitochondrial Fragmentation as a Key Driver of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Chaplygina Alina , Zhdanova Daria
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial form and function are intricately linked through dynamic processes of fusion
and fission, and disruptions in these processes are key drivers of neurodegenerative diseases,
like Alzheimer’s. The inability of mitochondria to transition between their dynamic forms is a critical
factor in the development of pathological states. In this paper, we focus on the importance of
different types of mitochondrial phenotypes in nervous tissue, discussing how mitochondria in
Alzheimer's disease are “stuck” in certain patterns and how this pattern maintains itself. Understanding
the specific roles and transitions between mitochondrial forms, including tiny, networked,
and hyperfused, is crucial in developing new therapies aimed at restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.
By targeting these dynamics, we may be able to intervene early in the disease process, offering
novel avenues for preventing or treating neurodegeneration.
Pyrazoline and Pyrazoline Derivatives as Anti-Cancer Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activities: A Compressive Review
Authors: Ray Pushkar Kumar , Sharma Ruchi , Kumar Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Background:

A heterocyclic molecule containing five rings, three carbon atoms, two
nitrogen atoms, and a single endocyclic bond is called pyrazoline. Because of its intriguing electrical
characteristics and potential for dynamic applications, pyrazoline is one type of electron-rich
nitrogen carrier that is becoming more and more popular. This study synthesizes pyrazoline derivatives
using a variety of techniques to demonstrate a highly biological function.

Objective:

Pharmaceutical chemistry has found the study of the biological activity of pyrazoline
derivatives to be an interesting field. Pyrazolines find utility in numerous multipurpose applications.
It has been discussed to examine the current study of patent literature on pyrazoline derivatives
(2000–2024) that describes the introduction, general approach, synthesis scheme Structureactivity
and relationship, marketed drug, and patents on anticancer activities.

Conclusion:

A recognized heterocyclic chemical is pyrazolines. Three carbon atoms and two adjacent
nitrogen atoms make up the five-membered ring that is pyrazoline. A variety of methods are
available to determine its synthesis. Extensive studies have been conducted in this field since it has
been found that many pyrazoline derivatives have a crucial biological effect on anticancer activity.
The application of pyrazoline as an anticancer agent is a fascinating moiety with a wealth of potential
applications for further research by scientists.
An Evolutionary Attributes of OMP33-36 in Acinetobacter baumannii: In silico Based Analysis
Authors: Singh Sukriti , Agarwal Jyotsna , Das Anupam , Trivedi Mala , Dwivedi Manish
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known, multidrug-resistant bacteria
that poses a serious risk to public health everywhere. The discovery of novel antibacterial drugs has
become an urgent need due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance strains and the lack of appropriate
antibiotics. To develop effective treatments for A. baumannii infections, this work explores
the evolutionary analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs), specifically OMP33-36.

Method:

The structural data and sequence information of OMP33-36 were retrieved from Protein
Data Bank and UniProt, respectively. A range of bio-computational techniques including ConSurf
web server, MEGA XI, and BioEdit were exploited to carry out hydrophobicity analysis, entropy,
sequence alignment, and functional conserved site identification. By revealing close relatives of A.
baumannii, phylogenetic research clarified the evolutionary relationship of OMPs among 70 bacterial
species. Six remarkably conserved areas in OMPs from various bacterial species were found
through a conserved domain search using BioEdit.

Results:

This study has explored the evolutionary dynamics and intricacies in functional regions of
OMPs.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of this study highlight the significant understanding of the structural and
evolutionary aspects of OMP, which will help in the development of effective and precise therapy
for A. baumannii infections. The construction of OMPs targeted inhibitors lowers the possibility of
off-target effects on human cells.

other:

These results offer vital understandings of the structural and functional properties of OMPs, which will help in the development of focused treatment approaches aimed at reducing the negative effects of A. baumannii infections on public health.
Risk Factors Associated with Re-Hospitalization Duration in Post-COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hanh Doan Le Minh , Thao Nguyen Hoang Minh
Published: January 2025

Background:

Around 10-20% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients require readmission
within 30-90 days, posing heightened risks of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Research
on factors influencing post-COVID-19 readmission and hospital stay duration is limited.

Objective:

This study describes clinical characteristics and identifies risk factors for prolonged
hospital stays in readmitted post-COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study included 52 patients readmitted between January and June
2022.

Results:

Patients had a mean age of 63.5 years. Severe and critical COVID-19 histories were reported
in 27% and 11.5% of cases, respectively. Common symptoms leading to readmission included
dyspnea, cough, fever, and chest pain. Respiratory support was required for 67.3% of patients
(SpO2 < 90%), with 38.5% needing mechanical ventilation. Elevated D-Dimer (2029.07 ±
406.61) and CRP (50.97 ± 8.95) levels were common, and lung consolidation was the predominant
chest image finding. The median hospital stay was 24.5 days, with 71.2% of patients staying
longer than 14 days. Upon discharge, 96.1% were stable; 1 patient died, and 1 was transferred.
Longer hospital stays were positively correlated with severe COVID-19 history, mechanical ventilation,
CRP, Urea, and lung consolidation, while Hb and LDH were negatively correlated. Severe
COVID-19 and lung consolidation were independent risk factors for extended stays.

Conclusion:

Readmitted post-COVID-19 patients often experience respiratory complications requiring
prolonged hospital stays. Key risk factors include a history of severe COVID-19 and lung
consolidation at admission.
Recent Developments in Azetidinone-Azole Conjugates: Emerging Antimicrobial Potentials
Authors: Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Chaurasiya Rajiv , Das Rina
Published: January 2025

The emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial strains poses a significant challenge to
global public health. In response, researchers have been exploring innovative antimicrobial agents
with enhanced efficacy and novel mechanisms of action. One promising approach involves the
synthesis of hybrid molecules combining azetidinone and azole moieties, capitalizing on the respective
antimicrobial properties of both structural elements. Natural and synthetic azetidinone derivatives
hold a prominent position among medicinally significant compounds due to their varied and
potent antibiotic activities. Interest persists in discovering new synthetic methods and refining existing
ones, as well as applying these methods to create novel, biologically active azetidinone derivatives.
Additionally, azoles are highly regarded in pharmaceuticals for their broad efficacy, tolerability,
and oral availability. By merging these two pharmacophores, researchers aim to create
compounds with synergistic or additive antimicrobial effects, potentially overcoming existing resistance
mechanisms. Various synthetic strategies, including click chemistry and multicomponent
reactions, have been employed to prepare these hybrid molecules efficiently. The antimicrobial
potential of azetidinone-azole conjugates has been extensively evaluated against a spectrum of
pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. These studies have demonstrated promising
results, with several compounds exhibiting potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative
bacteria, as well as clinically relevant fungal strains. Furthermore, SAR studies have provided
valuable insights into the key structural features governing the antimicrobial properties of
these conjugates, facilitating further optimization and rational design. In conclusion, the development
of azetidinone-azole hybrids represents a promising avenue in the quest for novel antimicrobial
agents. This study presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in synthesis and
antimicrobial evaluation of azetidinone-azole conjugates.
N-Degron PROTACs as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hohman Grace , Eldeeb Mohamed A.
Published: January 2025

Many oncoproteins are important therapeutic targets because of their critical role in inducing rapid cell
proliferation, which represents one of the salient hallmarks of cancer. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a
cancer of hematopoietic stem cells that is caused by the oncogene BCR-ABL1. BCR-ABL1 encodes a constitutively
active tyrosine kinase protein that leads to the uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid cells, which is a hallmark
of CML. A current therapeutic approach for the treatment of CML, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs),
effectively inactivates BCR-ABL1 kinase activity; however, drug resistance to TKIs limits the long-term potential
for this treatment. Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a promising pharmacological
approach for degrading, rather than inhibiting, targeted proteins by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteosome system.
This process involves tagging a Protein of Interest (POI) with ubiquitin by the E3 ubiquitin ligases, which subsequently
target the protein for proteasomal degradation. The N-end rule or the N-degron concept describes the
correlation between the metabolic stability of a protein and the biochemical identity of its N-terminal amino acid.
A recent work unveiled that N-degron PROTACs could offer a potential treatment for CML by targeting and
degrading BCR-ABL1 proteins. Herein, we present the molecular and biochemical implications for targeting
chronic myeloid leukemia.
Interlinking the Cross Talk on Branched Chain Amino Acids, Water Soluble Vitamins and Adipokines in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Etiology
Authors: P Shruthi Rai , Bhandary Yashodhar P , YM Shivarajashankara , B Akarsha , Bhandary Roopa , RH Prajna , KG Namrata , CG Savin , Alva Priya , Katyayani P , Shetty Sukanya , TJ Sudhakar
Published: January 2025

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an etiologically diverse metabolic dysfunction
that, if untreated, leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Understanding the etiology of T2DM is critical,
as it represents one of the most formidable medical challenges of the twenty-first century. Traditionally,
insulin resistance has been recognized as the primary risk factor and a well-known consequence
of type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs),
adipokines, and deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins, such as thiamine and pyridoxine,
play significant roles in the development of insulin resistance, a key feature of T2DM. These factors
are interconnected through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which regulates
various metabolic processes, including glucose transport, lipid synthesis, and inflammatory
responses. Dysregulation of AMPK is linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome-related
illnesses. Understanding the interplay between BCAAs, adipokines, vitamins, and AMPK may offer
new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Evaluating the Relationship between Cathepsins and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Muge Liu , Xiongsheng Xiao , Ling Jin , Siyi Li , Changwei Zheng , Zhengde Chen , Zhuoting Chen , Zhang Zhi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer,
with an etiology and progression that are not fully understood. Research suggests a link between
cathepsins and PTC, but the causal nature of this link is unclear. This study uses Mendelian Randomization
(MR) to investigate if cathepsins causally influence PTC risk.

Methods:

We applied univariable and multivariable MR analyses using genetic variants as proxies
for cathepsin levels. Genetic data for cathepsins were sourced from the INTERVAL study, while
PTC data came from the Finnish Genome-Wide Association Study database. Our analysis employed
several MR methods, including the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) approach, MR-Egger,
and the Weighted Median method, to provide comprehensive insights and address possible
pleiotropy.

Results:

MR findings suggest a significant causal association between higher cathepsin levels and
increased PTC risk. Notably, genetic variants indicating higher cathepsin Z expression were positively
causal associated with PTC risk (OR:1.1190, 95% CI: 1.0029-1.2486), multivariable analysis
confirmed significant carcinogenesis role of cathepsin Z in PTC (OR: 1.1593, 95% CI:
1.0137-1.3258), with results consistent across various tests, indicating a robust relationship.

Conclusion:

This study established a causal link between cathepsin levels and PTC risk, emphasizing
the roles of cathepsin Z in its progression. These insights could lead to new therapeutic strategies
targeting these enzymes. Further research is necessary to understand the underlying biological
mechanisms and their clinical implications.
Optimizing Care for Primary Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Thyroid Evaluation
Authors: Demir Ahmet Numan , Karaca Cebrail , Kara Zehra , Sulu Cem , Sahin Serdar , Durcan Emre , Dincer Mevlut Tamer , Nurcan Sukran Erdem , Sonmez Ozge , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Seyahi Nurhan , Gonen Mustafa Sait
Published: January 2025

Background:

The coexistence of primary glomerulonephritis and autoimmune thyroid
disease has not been investigated.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess thyroid morphology using sonography, determine the prevalence
of autoimmune thyroid disorders, and evaluate thyroid function status in patients diagnosed
with primary glomerulonephritis.

Materials and methods:

This single-center cross-sectional and observational study included 58
consecutive patients with primary glomerulonephritis and 58 healthy controls (HC). All participants
underwent thyroid examination through laboratory tests and thyroid ultrasonography. The
findings were subsequently compared between the two groups.

Results:

Among the patients, 17.2% (n = 10) exhibited subclinical hypothyroidism, while 8.6% (n
= 5) had overt hypothyroidism. None of the HCs showed overt hypothyroidism, whereas 3.4% (n
= 2) of them exhibited subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients displayed significantly lower free triiodothyronine
(FT3) levels than HCs (p < 0.001). A linear correlation was observed between patients'
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and the degree of proteinuria (p = 0.044). Furthermore,
thyroid volume (p < 0.001), hypoechogenicity (p < 0.001), heterogeneous structure (p <
0.001), pseudonodular hypoechoic infiltration (p = 0.05), and the presence of nodules (p < 0.001)
were notably higher in patients compared to HCs.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, along with the frequency
of nodular goiter, was found to be elevated in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Considering
that primary glomerulonephritis predominantly afflicts young individuals, and these patients
bear the lifelong burden of chronic kidney disease, we underscore the significance of routine thyroid
function tests and sonographic examinations for the early detection of thyroid disorders.

conclusion:

The prevalence of both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, along with the frequency of nodular goiter, was found to be elevated in patients with
primary glomerulonephritis. Considering that primary glomerulonephritis predominantly afflicts young individuals and these patients bear the lifelong
burden of chronic kidney disease, we underscore the significance of routine thyroid function tests and sonographic examinations for the early detection
of thyroid disorders.
The Potential Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Turmeric Dried Extract
Authors: Montanino Concetta , Farinella Federica , De Felice Bruna , Del Buono Andrea , D'Orta Armando
Published: January 2025

Background:

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from the food spice
turmeric that has received interest from the medical and scientific world for its role in the management
of several conditions. Clinical studies, in humans, have shown that ingested Curcumin is
safe even at high doses (12 g/day), but it has poor bioavailability primarily due to poor absorption
and rapid metabolism and elimination. Several strategies have been implemented to improve the
bioavailability of Curcumin, for example, the combination of piperine in a complex with Curcumin,
or the usage of formulations with phospholipid or liposomal complexes.

Objective:

The present work aims to explore and compare the systemic anti-inflammatory effects
of two different types of Curcumin: a traditional fat-soluble formulation (95% Curcumin) and an
innovative standardized reconstituted water-soluble one (Curcuin), made in micelles in aqueous solution.

Methods:

Research was conducted on 30 patients, 15 patients were treated with turmeric (Curcuma
longa L., rhizome) dried extract titled 95% Curcumin (Curcumin 425mg/day) conjugated with
piperine, and 15 patients were treated with Curcumin (turmeric 286 mg dried extract titled 35%;
Curcuminoids 100 mg/day, standardized water-soluble) made in micelles in highly absorbed aqueous
solution. We considered the quantitative variations of laboratory parameters: Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Ferritin (24 to 336 ng/mL for adult males), and
cholesterol LDL.

Results and Discussion:

Patients treated with dried extract titled 95% Curcumin, for 90 days,
show a lower value of ESR, CRP, Ferritin, and LDL cholesterol compared with the same laboratory
parameters before the introduction of Curcumin into the diet. Also, patients treated with Curcuin
report a lower value of ESR, CRP, Ferritin, and LDL cholesterol after the introduction of
turmeric dried extract in the diet, but with a major significance compared with those obtained with
95% Curcumin conjugated with piperine.

Conclusion:

As we had hypothesized, both turmeric-derived extracts have successfully reduced
ESR, CRP, Ferritin, and cholesterol LDL values, exerting an anti-inflammatory action and anti-cholesterolemic
action. These results suggest a possible use of Curcumin and in particular Curcuin
as a coadjuvant for the treatment of inflammatory disease and to decrease cholesterol levels. However,
additional investigation is needed to resolve doubts regarding Curcumin dosage form, dose,
and medication frequency.

other:

.
A Case Report of Recurrent Primary Pituitary Abscess: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ozaydin Dilan , Demir Ahmet Numan , Kartum Tufan Agah , Vergili Ender , Kadioglu Pinar , Tanriover Necmettin
Published: January 2025

Background:

Primary pituitary abscess is a rare disease with no specific symptoms for
pituitary abscess alone. A preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging due to unclear imaging findings.

Case Presentation:

We report the case of a patient with a pituitary lesion who presented with hypopituitarism,
diabetes insipidus, and visual field defect and was misdiagnosed as a possible cystic
pituitary adenoma. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) was performed, and surprisingly,
only pus was found, and complete resection of the lesion was achieved. Coagulase-negative
staphylococci were detected in the culture, and appropriate antibiotic therapy was administered
for six weeks. Diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism did not improve. One year later, the abscess
recurred, and a second operation with complete resection was performed.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of primary pituitary abscess, a rare infectious disease, is essential for early
detection and successful treatment. Most patients have a chronic and silent prediagnostic course
with symptoms that are not specific to pituitary abscess alone. The primary treatment option is
EETS, followed by long-term, relevant antibiotics. The disease can be resistant and recur despite
appropriate treatment, especially in patients with risk factors. Therefore, long-term follow-up of
patients is essential.
Orange Juice-Induced Remarkable Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Indoles with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mukherjee Ratna , Yadav Ram Naresh , Banik Bimal Krishna
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The synthesis of bisindolylalkanes has been carried out for more than two
decades using several catalysts.

Method:

In the present study, naturally available orange juice has been demonstrated to be an efficient
green catalyst for the synthesis of bisindolylalkanes from the reaction of indoles with different
carbonyl compounds.

Result:

In this one-step process, the products were obtained with excellent yield and in a short
reaction time.

Conclusion:

This reaction-catalysed by orange juice is a new, inexpensive, and environmentfriendly
synthetic procedure for the preparation of bisindolylalkanes.
Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Halides in Water Using Poly (Ethylene Glycol)-Based Surfactants
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Okajima Kanata , Takayama Daijiro , L. Silkenath Bjarne , Yang Zheng , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Background:

Developing environmentally benign processes, such as organic reactions
conducted in water, is desired from the view of sustainable technology. Concerning the palladiumcatalyzed
borylation reactions of aryl halides in water, only a few examples have been reported.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop efficient methods for palladium-catalyzed borylation reactions
of aryl halides in water, not only increasing product yields but also extracting products with
less organic solvents.

Methods:

We adopted polymer surfactants, such as diblock copolymers that consist of poly(Nisopropoylacrylamide)
and a hydrophilic segment, and a poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer that
consists of poly(ethylene glycol) chain and 4-chloromethylbenzyl moiety.

Results:

Reactions using these polymers gave the borylation products in significantly higher yields
than that in pure water. The efficiency of the extraction process for the products from the reaction
mixtures was evaluated, indicating that the polymer micelles enabled separation processes with less
organic solvent.

Conclusion:

Applying polymer surfactants increased the product yields in Pd-catalyzed borylation
of aryl halides, and it enabled the extraction of the products from the aqueous reaction mixture more
efficiently.
Optimization Removal of Cd (II) from Aqueous Solution by Exhausted Kahwa Coffee Biochar under Various CarbonizationParameters
Authors: Yanti Nika R. , Puari Aninda T. , Rusnam Rusnam , Putri Irriwad
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Recently, abundant agricultural solid waste has been utilized as
sustainable biosorbents for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. However, the
influence of the carbonization parameters on the specified biosorbent performance has not
been well discussed. In this study, we developed the removal efficiency (RE) of Exhausted
Kahwa Coffee (EKC) as a low-cost and high-efficiency biosorbent for Cd (II) under various
carbonization temperatures (300 - 600 °C) and time (1- 4h).

Method:

The batch biosorption test showed that the EKC biochar with a carbonization
temperature of 500 °C and time of 4 h removed 97% of Cd (II) from the solution. The biosorption
performance was further investigated by integrating the physicochemical changes
in the surface and functional groups of the EKC biochar at different temperatures using
BET, SEM, and FT-IR instruments.

Results:

The FT-IR showed alterations in the functional groups, while the BET data and
SEM images demonstrated that the porous surface of the biochar developed as the temperature
increased. Furthermore, the biosorption test data was plotted in the Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherm models, where the Langmuir isotherm model showed the better fit of
EKC biochar. The maximum biosorption capacity of the EKC biochar on Cd (II) was calculated
at 3.41 mg/g by fitting the equilibrium data to Langmuir isotherm equations.

Conclusion:

It was found that the kinetic data fitted well with Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO)
with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.99. These findings imply the influence of the carbonization
parameter on the potential biosorption of the EKC biochar on Cd (II).
New Approach to the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Children
Authors: Omer Okuyan
Published: January 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder with central obesity, essential
hypertension (HT), glucose tolerance disorder, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia,
and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which occurs under the
influence of genetic predisposition and is based on insulin resistance (IR). MetS is well
defined in adults, although MetS is a complex multifactorial disease with a not entirely
recognized definition in childhood. Nevertheless, MetS is described as the presence of
obesity, IR, dyslipidaemia, and HT. The increase in the rate of MetS in children is at
alarming levels. The first step in the prevention and treatment of MetS is to recommend
and implement healthy lifestyle changes from an early age. Healthy lifestyle changes
should include not only children but also all family members and should be targeted to
be maintained throughout life. One method of preventing CVD in adulthood should be
the care of children with MetS. It is necessary to carry out studies to prevent MetS and
to measure the effect of these studies on the frequency of MetS. In terms of preventive
medicine, children with a family history of T2DM and/or MetS burden, body obesity
on physical examination, and IR findings such as acanthosis nigricans should be
monitored more closely and early treatment should be initiated in cases with IR at-risk
for T2DM. In line with the objectives, continuous training on the evaluation of
childhood obesity is necessary for paediatricians and general practitioners.
Related Anatomy of Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, Urinary, Nervous System and Morphometric Evaluation in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hurriyet Cetinok
Published: January 2025

Being overweight, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes
mellitus(DM) or high blood sugar, and glucose intolerances are all clinical disorders
collectively referred to as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS affects multiple
systems in the body, including cardiovascular, endocrine, urinary, nervous, and
gastrointestinal systems. Atherosclerosis risk is increased by chronic inflammation and
vascular endothelial dysfunction, which are both closely related to MetS. The risk of
cardiovascular illnesses, the world's leading cause of mortality, is also increased by
metabolic syndrome. Cancers such as the endometrium, breast, colon, liver,
gallbladder, oesophageal, pancreas, kidney, and prostate, also chronic kidney disease,
IBD (idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease), chronic gastritis, and dysplasia, are all
caused by MetS enhanced by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and poor glucose
control. Besides, those with normal glucose metabolism are more likely to develop
various peripheral nerve issues related to MetS. There is a connection between MetS
and a number of cognitive deficiencies. Endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS) also
have a detrimental effect on human health, which includes their influence on metabolic
procedures. The gold standard for non-invasive pancreatic fat quantification is
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Anthropometry is quickly and accurately
assessed on a wide scale by three-dimensional (3D) body surface scanners (BS).
Indicators of waist circumference, sagittal diameter, and body weight are strongly
correlated with areas of deep abdominal adipose tissue in both sexes. Each system
listed above is examined in this chapter in relation to MetS, new diagnostic insights are
presented, and pathogenesis and consequences that were not identified and treated as
early on are summarized.
How Would Metabolic Syndrome Disturb the Normal Endothelial Function?
Authors: Eman Mamdouh Kolieb  , Dina A Ali
Published: January 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an escalating epidemic that could influence
more than one billion people worldwide. It is expressed as the presence of visceral
obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure. MetS is a
multifactorial disorder affecting all features of the community and extensively affects
morbidity and mortality. Independently, the constituents of metabolic syndrome have
the potential to influence the endothelium causing vascular dysfunction and interrupt
vascular homeostasis. Since all components of MetS have unfavorable effects on the
endothelium, endothelial dysfunction is more prevalent in MetS patients. Endothelial
dysfunction could be a part of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in MetS. The
nominated mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction linked with MetS are reduced NO
production, upraised reactive oxygen species and high production of vasoconstrictors.
All the elements of MetS especially the compromised endothelial function could
participate in increasing the risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke, myocardial
infarction and type 2 DM. Endothelial dysfunction, moreover, stimulates proinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways via endothelial mitochondrial reactive
oxygen species (ROS) forcing vascular growth and remodeling. Because MetS is a
multifactorial disorder, numerous signaling pathways manipulate the succeeding
endothelial dysfunction. In the current review, we will discuss the incidence and
pathogenesis of altered endothelial function in MetS. We will also discuss the
impending effects of lifestyle measures and pharmacological interventions on
endothelial function in patients with MetS .
Modulation of Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sinem Firtina  , Asli Kutlu
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides background information on the genotype-phenotype
associations of MetS by highlighting the importance of genetic concepts in modulating
MetS. To date, many reports on genetic and epigenetic screening of MetS within a
community have been published in the literature. We also mention several reports to
perform community-based screening of MetS by identifying genetic and epigenetic
variants. Later, these attempts will be discussed in detail in order to explain more about
the modulation of MetS from the perspectives of phenotype-genotype associations. The
relationship between MetS modulation and the personalized medicine approach is
emphasized more by referring to the treatment and management strategies applied in a
patient-specific manner.
Neutrogenomic Strategies in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Noura Ramadan Abdel-hamid
Published: January 2025

In the last 2 decades, the relation between nutrition and health has aroused
great interest. In this chapter, the background information about the Complex geneenvironment interactions that contribute to MetS will be introduced by highlighting
several Neutrogenomic strategies. The role of nutrition is a significant modifiable
element modulating the expression of many genes involved in metabolism. This
chapter will present the current state of neutrogenomic research discussing the different
gene-nutrient interactions in the context of metabolic disease, the molecular
mechanisms underlying many of these gene-nutrient interactions, and the shift toward
personalized nutrition. Novel modern technologies in Neutrogenomics regarding
transcriptomics and metabolomics will be explained.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Esma Altinoglu
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the
most common liver diseases, is rapidly increasing worldwide, parallel to the global
obesity epidemic. NAFLD can progress to steatohepatitis, which is a more severe form
of liver disease characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. NAFLD
is closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS)/insulin resistance, and these
relationships are the subject of active research. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity
and pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of NAFLD. In addition to
human genetic variants linked to NAFLD risk to date are genes involved in the
regulation of lipid metabolism, providing support for the hypothesis that NAFLD is
fundamentally a metabolic disease.