bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of solitary wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), A parasitoid of stored grain pests
Authors: Ahmed KN , Roy CK , Munshi JL , Zenat EA , Ghose SK
Published: December 2018

The host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of the ectoparasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) was observed on unexposed (hidden) and exposed host of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) under laboratory conditions. The egg-laying behaviour was accomplished in eight phases in hidden hosts of S. oryzae i.e., inside wheat kernels but it was much shorter having five steps in those of exposed hosts. Average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in unexposed host (inside wheat kernels) during different oviposition sequences was 55 minutes. On the other hand, average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in exposed host of S. oryzae during oviposition sequences was 91.1 minutes. A. calandrae preferred fully developed S.oryzae grubs rather than half- grown pre-pupae and early pupae in exposed condition. Generally, eggs were laid on or near S. oryzae host larvae or pupae inside wheat kernel because of ectoparasitic nature of A. calandrae. More eggs are deposited in case of S. oryzae hosts at the abdominal region dorsally, sometimes eggs were laid on the meta-thoracic segment dorsally but rarely eggs were laid on late S. oryzae pupae prior to adult transformation. Oviposition by a mated A. calandrae female parasitoid was influenced by the host’s size and shape on exposed as well as unexposed (within seed kernel) conditions. Generally, the 3rd and the 4th instar larvae and pre-pupae of S. oryzae were preferred for egglaying in exposed condition. The parasite did not lay eggs on naked R. dominica larvae or pupae.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 205-216, 2018
New records of rodent species in Bangladesh: taxonomic studies from rodent outbreak areas in the Chittagong hill tracts
Authors: Chakma Nikhil , Sarker Noor Jahan , Belmain Steven , Sarker Sohrab Uddin , Aplin Ken , Sarker Sontosh Kumar
Published: December 2018

Rodents are regarded as crop pests, significant reservoirs and vectors for many zoonotic diseases around the world. Basic taxonomic information of rodents present in a locality can help understand which species are responsible as crop pest in that habitat. The phenomenon of the 50-year cycle of gregarious bamboo flowering and rodent outbreaks in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh, rodents trapping were carried out in four habitats from March, 2009 to December, 2011 in Ruma upazila of Bandarban hill district. Variety of traps were used to capture small mammals. The captured species were measured and identified using taxonomical dichotomous keys and DNA bar-coding performed in Australia. A total of 14 different small mammalian species were captured of which nine belonging to the Muridae family, and one species each of Spalacidae, Sciuridae, Tupaiidae and Soricidae families. The dominant small mammal species captured were Rattus rattus (54.06%) followed by Mus musculus (26.39%), Rattus nitidus (10.98%), Suncus murinus (5.45%), Mus terricolor (1.09%), Mus cookii nagarum (0.97%), Cannomys badius (0.16%), Leopoldamys edwardsi (0.12%), Berylmys bowersi (0.12%), Vernaya fulva (0.08%), Rattus andamanensis (0.08%), Tupaia glis (0.04%) and Callosciurus pygerythrus (0.04%). Rattus nitidus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Vernaya fulva, Rattus andamanensis, Berylmys bowersi and Mus cookii nagarum are new records of rodent species in Bangladesh. Ten individuals of Mus spp. (0.40%) were not identified to species level, requiring further genetic analysis to determine their species. The implications of these discoveries are discussed in terms of agricultural pests.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 217-230, 2018
New records of two Lutjanus species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Lutjanidae) with re-description of six lutjanids from Saint Martin’s Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Shilpi , Chakraborty Sanjay , Sehrin Subrina , Masud Abdullah Al , Habib Kazi Ahsan , Baki Mohammad Abdul
Published: December 2018

Investigations on Snapper fish of the genus Lutjanus were conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 in the coral ecosystem of St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. Twenty one individuals of 8 species of Lutjanus were collected from local fishermen. Both morphological characters and DNA barcoding approach by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) were used to confirm the identification of all species. Present study recorded the first national occurrence of two reef associated Lutjanus species (L. xanthopinnis and L. indicus). In addition six species (L. rivulatus, L. lutjanus, L. vitta, L. lemniscatus, L. fulviflamma and L. johnii) were re-described. Distinct morphological differentiation were found between more closely related species L. xanthopinnis, L. vitta and L. lutjanus. Three different appearances of L. johnii, two different appearances of L. rivulatus and L. lemniscatus were confirmed as same species. Phylogenetic analysis showed monophylotic clade for conspecific individuals and paraphyletic clade for congeneric individuals. Average genetic divergence for intraspecific level was 1.5% and 12.5% for interspecific level. Current study increased the number of Lutjanus species in Bangladesh from 15 to 17 and extended the distribution range of those new recorded species in northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 239-253, 2018
Recent records of large tooth sawfish Pristis pristis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Parerhat of Pirojpur district in the southwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa , Sabbir Sabrina , Haque Alifa Bintha
Published: December 2018

Sawfishes are the most endangered cartilaginous fishes on earth with alarming global population decline due to by-catch and socio-economic value. A study on elasmobranch diversity in one of the landing sites of Bangladesh observed annual sawfish captures (n = 5) adjacent to the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forests in the world, between June 2017 and March 2018. Only largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis was recorded in this study. Data were collected from interviews with fishermen, literature review, media reports and through monthly fish landing record sheet used during the study period. Findings of this study shows that 80% (n = 4) sawfish species were captured in dry season (November to March) and 20% (n = 1) in wet season (June to October). Findings from the semi-structured interviews (n = 50) reported that 54% of the respondents were not aware of the value (ecological as well as economic) of sawfish species whereas 46% of the respondents mentioned sawfish as an important species as its flesh used to cure cancer. Although this report does not reflect the annual capture of sawfish from all over the country, this catch pattern is alarming and needs immediate action to develop a monitoring programme to assess sawfish landings in this area. Priority research is also needed to understand sawfish life history, identify their critical habitats and raise awareness to conserve sawfish species.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 255-262, 2018
First description of buckler crab Cryptopodia angulata (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas 1841) from Bangladesh marine water
Authors: Sharifuzzaman SM , Chowdhury Sayedur Rahman , Sadek Md Abu , Fuad Md Tariful Islam , Hossain M Shahadat
Published: December 2018

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 275-280, 2018
Occurrence of gastrointestinal Helminths in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Tabasshum Taniza , Mukutmoni Mandira , Begum Aleya
Published: December 2018

A total of 66 (sixty-six) fresh fecal samples were collected during July 2017 to October 2018 from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) residing in Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka. Samples were analyzed applying formol-ether concentration technique. All the rhesus macaques, irrespective of age and sex, were found to be infested with one or more species of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites. Ascaris spp. was noticed in all the fecal samples. Overall intensity of helminths was higher in male (38.53) that in female (31.04) comprising the maximum (58.08) in adult male (p < 0.005). The highest intensity was of Ascaris spp. (3.33 ± 1.39) and found in adult male hosts. Young female rhesus macaques displayed the maximum intensity of Trichuris spp. (3.56 ± 0.73).

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 231-237, 2018
Adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices by the vegetable growers at sadar upazila under Jhenaidah district
Authors: Kamal Md. Mostofa , Saleheen K. M. Nazmus , Islam Mst. Sadia , Ahmed Mohammad Bashir
Published: December 2018

The purposes of the study were to determine the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices by the vegetable growers and to explore the relationships between the adoption of IPM practices in vegetable cultivation and the selected characteristics of the vegetable growers. Data were collected from randomly selected 101 respondents of the three selected villages of ganna union under sadar upazila of Jhenaidah district using interview schedule by the researchers during May to August, 2017. Appropriate scales were used to measure the variables of the study. Correlation test was used to explore the relationships between concerned independent and dependent variables. Majority (72.28%) of the respondents had medium annual income from vegetable cultivation. Majority (58.42%) of the respondents spent moderate time in vegetable field. About one third (36.63%) of the respondents had low knowledge on IPM practices. Majority (58.42%) of the respondents had very low organizational participation and 38.62% of the respondents had low contact with IPM club and FFS. Most (98.02%) of the respondents had low cosmopoliteness. Most (80.20%) of the respondents had low extension media exposure. About half (51.49%) of the respondents had low training exposure related to cultivation practices. Majority (63.37%) of the respondent had unfavorable attitude towards IPM practices. Majority (70.30%) of the respondents had medium level adoption in commonly used IPM practices in vegetable cultivation. Use of pesticides ranked 1st(score 295) as IPM practices compared to other environment friendly practices. Among the fourteen selected characteristics of the respondents, educational qualification, time spent in vegetable field, knowledge on IPM practices in vegetable cultivation, contact with IPM club and FFS, training exposure and attitude towards IPM practices showed positive significant relationships with the adoption of selected IPM practices by the vegetable growers.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 366–371, December 2018
Approach of monocarpic senescence control by nitrogen manipulation in mungbean and cowpea
Authors: Islam Md. Matiul , Sakamoto Seijun , Zheng Shao -Hui
Published: December 2018

Pods start growing almost at the same time and mature simultaneously in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants. But mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.) perform unsynchronized pod maturity. To overcome unsynchronized pod maturity the nitrogen redistribution aspects of mungbean and cowpea were investigated based on the linkage of soybean. Pot experiment was conducted using a nodulating mungbean variety (cv. XANH NINH THUAN) in 2015 and cowpea variety (cv. IT98K-205-8) in 2016 in the vinyl house at Saga University in Japan. During the experiment, nutrient solution was applied by changing nitrogen concentrations to 5, 25 and 100 ppm (control). Mungbean plants provided with low concentration of 5 and 25 ppm of nitrogen supply was not capable to produce continuous pods. Cowpea plants supplied with low concentration of nitrogen was also unable to produce successful pods continuously. Insufficient nitrogen hampered the continuation of pod setting in both the cases, might be due to, all the vegetative stored nitrogen had been utilized for seed development during the vegetative phase before pod setting. In case of 100 ppm nitrogen supply, for both mungbean and cowpea, no senescence and nitrogen remobilization occurred. However, researches showed that soybean typically undergoes the remobilization evidence, i.e., monocarpic senescence, in 100 ppm of nitrogen supply.
J.Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 386–395, December 2018
Determination of toxicity of spinosad against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L
Authors: Mondal Pronita , Uddin Mohammad Mahir , Howlader Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain
Published: December 2018

Pulses serve as one of the main sources of protein and minerals as well as play a vital socio-economic role in the diet of common people of Bangladesh but these pulses suffer enormous losses due to infestation of a serious insect pest pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. As a part of eco-friendly management of this detrimental pest, an experiment was conducted at the laboratory to determine the toxicity of spinosad against the pulse beetle, C. chinensis L. directly by using dry film contact toxicity method and indirectly by treating chickpea seeds. In the direct method spinosad showed contact toxicity and the lethal concentration of spinosad was 117.46, 76.05 and 37.45 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. On the other hand, the LC50 values were 990.34, 301.35 and 95.08 ppm after 24, 48 and 72 HAT, respectively as per indirect method. A dose-dependent relation with the mortality was observed by both methods. Spinosad was also significantly effective in reducing the number of eggs (68.00 to 98.60% inhibition over control), adult emergence (56.70 to 100% inhibition over control), percent seed infestation (62.79 to 100% inhibition over control) and seed weight loss (50.81 to 100% inhibition over control). The present results indicated that spinosad could be suggested for the efficient management of C. chinensis in storage.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 411–416, December 2018
Screening of yard long bean genotypes for resistance to legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F.
Authors: Ahmed Robiah Noor , Haque Md. Azizul , Ahmed Kazi Shahanara , Uddin Mohammad Mahir , Khan Mohammed Abul Monjur
Published: December 2018

The research work on the evaluation of yard long bean genotypes for resistance to legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. was carried out in two consecutive seasons viz., kharif 2015 and rabi 2015-16 in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the field of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and chemical analysis of sugar, protein and phenol of yard long bean were carried out at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Professor Mohammad Hossain Central Laboratory and laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecularbiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Nine genotypes of yard long bean were evaluated and reacted distinctly to M. vitrata with significantly different levels of infestation to flowers, pods and yield. The genotype Long Red Mollika was categorized as moderately resistant to legume pod borer in both kharif and rabi seasons. Genotype YL 305 was found susceptible in both the seasons. The plant attributes, both vegetative and reproductive, of yard long bean did not show any significant correlation in favour of resistance to M. vitrata. Yard long bean genotypes also did not show resistant reaction to M. vitrata in respect of sugar and phenol but particularly protein showed antibiosis against M. vitrata.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 424–428, December 2018
Production, yield and area growth of major winter vegetables of Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Sajia , Mitra Sandip , Rashid M. Harun-Ar
Published: December 2018

Winter vegetable production has increased tremendously in Bangladesh. Excessive supply of vegetables reduces the market price that leads to economic loss at farm level. This study  assesses the growth and trend of winter vegetables production, yield and area in Bangladesh. Semi-log regression model was used to assess the growth and trend of winter vegetables while Winston Prais transformation was utilized to solve the autocorrelation problem. Yearly time series data of collected from secondary sources was used for this analysis. Data were collected from 1986–87 to 2015–16 years. Data of some major winter vegetables like tomato, rabi brinjal, rabi pumpkin, water gourd, cauliflower, cabbage, radish, bean, green spinach were collected for this study. Results found that growth of tomato, cauliflower and cabbage production was about 5% which was much higher than other winter vegetables. Growth of cultivated area is about 3% per annum for most of the vegetables. Production of winter vegetables increases because of yield and area growth. Government can attempt to increase export of tomato, cauliflower and cabbage. Moreover, yield growth of green spinach and radish is necessary to increase both production and export.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 492–502, December 2018
Analogical viewpoint of fisheries and aquaculture between Bangladesh and Nigeria: potential of knowledge transferability
Authors: Jega Ibrahim Shehu , Haque Mohammad Mahfujul , Miah Md. Idris
Published: December 2018

The inland fisheries and aquaculture of Bangladesh and Nigeria were critically examined with a view to comparing their fish production and farming systems, nature of seed supply, contribution to country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the transferability of experiences towards development of the fisheries sector. A review-based study was conducted based on the available information in journals articles, reports, Bangladesh and Nigeria Departments of Fisheries Statistical Year Books, text books, thesis and web documents. There are considerable similarities between Bangladesh and Nigeria in terms of geographical position, agro-ecology, fisheries resources and the socio-economic condition,   fish eating tradition and domestic demand for fish consumption of the people.  Bangladesh aquaculture systems though mainly semi-intensive but more developed than that of Nigeria in terms of fish seed and feed supply while Nigeria, though adopts the intensive culture technique but experiences lower production and higher import of fish. From the findings of this review, it could be argued that Bangladesh needs to fully harness its abundant resources such as seeds, ponds, water, so as to achieve self-sufficiency in fish supply and develop export market.  Alternatively, Nigeria needs to adopt, diversify and invest more in aquaculture and fisheries receiving learning from an aquaculture growing country, like Bangladesh, so as to increase production and reduce import.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 523–532, December 2018
Changes in the nutritional composition of Thai pangus (Pangasianodon hypophthalamus) pickle during storage at refrigeration temperature
Authors: Hossain Md. Ismail , Shikha Fatema Hoque , Akter Khaleda
Published: December 2018

There is relation between nutritional composition of fish products and storage conditions. The present study was designed to prepare pickle from dorsal muscle and whole Thai pangus (Pangasianodon hypophthalamus) fish muscle by using different types of food additives and to observe the changes in the nutritional composition, pH and bacterial load of fish pickle during 60 days of storage at refrigeration temperature (5° to 8°C). Mustard oil and soybean oil were used for preparing fish pickle. The quality of fish pickles prepared with either mustard oil or soybean oil, was stable and remained good even after 60 days of storage at refrigeration temperature (5° to 8°C). No bad smell was produced in the pickles. The changes in nutritional composition occurred at this temperature but the rate was slow. Moisture, protein, lipid and pH value decreased as days passed but ash content increased. In case of pickle prepared using soybean oil deterioration rate was higher than the pickle prepared using mustard oil. Bacterial load was higher in soybean oil pickle and also the pickle prepared from whole fish muscle. At this low temperature, bacterial load increased but the rate was slower. Therefore, at refrigeration temperature(5° to 8°C) the pickle remain in acceptable condition quite longer, might be more than 60 days.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 553–559, December 2018
Incidence of heart failure in patients of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction with impaired renal function
Authors: Shamim MMA , Haque ME , Chowdhury I , Debnath A , Arefin S , Hamja MA
Published: December 2018

Ischemic heart disease is a common cardiac disorder and significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes and associated chronic kidney disease may adversely affect acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcome. This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital after approval of the protocol for the study with duration of one year. For these purpose 100 patients of STEMI diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. After getting serum creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated and if it is <60 ml/min then the patient was selected for the study. Among the 100 patients inferior MI was 34%, anterior MI was 20%, extensive anterior MI was 12%, antero-septal MI was 18%, infero-lateral MI was 10%, lateral MI was 2%, high lateral MI was 3% and antero-inferior was 1%. Of these patients heart failure was found in 21% of the patients. The association between incidence of heart failure patients and eGFR was statistically significant (p < 0.05). From this study, it was concluded that impaired renal function among MI patients plays a role for an adverse outcome. Early detection of renal impairment is necessary to avoid increased morbidity and mortality.

Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 7-11
A study on gender related differences in oxidative stress status
Authors: Sardar MMR , Ali MOI , Pervin F , Yeasmin F , Ahmed N , Latif SA
Published: December 2018

Female lives longer than male and incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in young female. However the role of oxidative stress has been repeatedly described in various diseases but rarely healthy people. The objective of the study was to observe the gender related differences in oxidative stress status and to show significance in alteration. This cross sectional and comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Rajshahi Medical College during the period from January 2013 to June 2014. Total 45 healthy adult subjects (25 males and 20 females) were enrolled in the study. Systematic sampling technique was used to select each study subject from students, doctors and staffs of Rajshahi Medical College. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxide and alpha-tocopherol, an antioxidant in plasma was measured. MDA:alpha-tocopherol ratio was used as a reliable marker of oxidative stress status. The mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and plasma MDA: alpha-tocopherol ratio was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in female group than male group. The mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in female group aged 18-21 years than the corresponding male group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that oxidative stress is less in female than in male indicating presence of potent compensatory response against oxidative stress in female which may be attributed to influence of female sex hormones.

Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 13-18
Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF in Bangladesh
Authors: Nur TE , Hosna AU , Rayhan N , Nazneen N
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the GeneXpert M. tuberculosis (MTB)/ rifampicin (RIF) test for the detection of MTB in lymph node aspirated samples. This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh. This study was done during the period from July 2013 to May 2015. A total of 317 clinically suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis patients without malignancy were included in the study. The culture test and GeneXpert test were used for detection of MTB in lymph node aspirated material. Among the 317 samples tested, the GeneXpert detected the DNA of MTB in 167 samples (52.7%), whereas culture test was positive in 74 (23.3%) specimens. GeneXpert also detected 8 RIF resistance cases. GeneXpert sensitivity and specificity results were assessed according to culture results. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert assay was 95.9% and 60.5%, respectively. The implementation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay may dramatically improve the rapid diagnosis of lymph node TB. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF may replace usual conventional method like culture test for detection of MTB.

Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 19-23
Effects of dietary fiber on postprandial glucose in healthy adults
Authors: Yesmin F , Ali MOI , Sardar MMR , Munna MK , Baksh S
Published: December 2018

Frequently and persistently raised glucose level causes numerous complications. So it is important to find out a component of diet that can improve glucose homeostasis after ingestion of food without causing any side effect or complication. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial study was to verify the effect of dietary fiber on postprandial blood sugar (PPBS). The study was carried out in a sample of fifty healthy adult subjects at the Department Physiology of Rajshahi Medical College during the period from January 2014 to December 2014. Fasting blood sugar of the subjects was estimated before ingestion of identical glucose drink with or without dietary fiber (ispaghula husk) and PPBS was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min after the drink. The mean plasma glucose concentrations after a 50 gm oral glucose load significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) decreased at 30, 60 and 120 min in both condition with dietary fiber and without dietary fiber. The mean plasma postprandial glucose concentration in condition with dietary fiber was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than the corresponding value without dietary fiber. The study suggests that ingestion of water soluble dietary fiber along with glucose drink reduces sharp rise as well as sustained rise of postprandial glucose.

Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 25-29
Septic arthritis is a mimicker of rheumatic fever
Authors: Hossain KZ , Islam MN
Published: December 2018

Septic arthritis is an uncommon form of arthritis in children. A five years old boy presented with pain and swelling of both knee joints for 7 days. His joints swellings were disproportionate to pain. He had no history of trauma to the joints. On examination, there was soft tissue swelling of both knee joints. Investigation showed features of acute inflammation. Plain radiograph showed soft tissue swelling. Ultrasonography showed fluid accumulation in joints space. After 7 days of antistaphylococcal therapy, the child improved significantly. Physicians treating the children need to be aware of taking proper history and doing physical examination and checking laboratory findings of the children with septic arthritis for appropriate case management.

Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 41-43
Superficial Temporal Artery Aneurysm in a Helicopter Pilot Operating at High Altitude
Authors: Sekhar Binu M. , Sheoran Sween , Routh Dronacharya , Sharma Sanjiv
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery in a helicopter pilot while operating in the extreme cold climatic conditions of a very high altitude area led to a thorough search for etiological possibilities related to this case.CASE REPORT: A
38-yr-old military helicopter pilot, while flying at altitudes ranging from 4500 m to 6000 m (15,000 to 20,000 ft) reported with an acute onset of a subcutaneous swelling on his left temple. History and clinical profile did not suggest any traumatic, hematologic, or vasculitic etiology. His
inflammatory markers, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, complement levels, and whole-body PET scan did not suggest any evidence of vasculitis. Presence of any other intracranial aneurysms was also ruled out. He underwent curative excision biopsy, which showed perivascular
inflammation. He was diagnosed as a case of left superficial temporal artery aneurysm. The recovery period was uneventful and the follow-up color Doppler flow imaging of the temporal artery and acute phase reactants was normal.DISCUSSION: Spontaneous aneurysms involving the superficial
temporal artery is a very rare diagnosis. Occurrence of such an aneurysm in a young pilot without any identifiable predisposing factors led the authors to hypothesize a possible etiological combination of environmental and mechanical factors along with aviation stresses with the likely compounding
role of the helmet. Management and aeromedical aspects of this unique case are discussed in this paper.Sekhar BM, Sheoran S, Routh D, Sharma S. Superficial temporal artery aneurysm in a helicopter pilot operating at high altitude. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):53–57.
A Year on the International Space Station: Implementing a Long-Duration Biomedical Research Mission
Authors: Charles John B. , Pietrzyk Robert A.
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: The year-long mission of American astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko included the most complex biomedical experiments ever conducted on the International Space Station—and arguably in human spaceflight—to establish insight
into human health risks of interplanetary exploration. Focusing on risk mitigation, NASA conducted investigations that addressed spaceflight health hazards to varying degrees. This pilot mission was initiated to gain further knowledge and monitor the physiological, psychological, and medical
effects of long-duration exposure to spaceflight.METHODS: NASA’s Human Research Program and the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Biomedical Problems identified more than 20 biomedical risk-reduction research investigations to be conducted on the two crewmembers
before, during, and after their yearlong expedition. A database of results, as well as observations on programmatic resources, was collected to understand essential elements for future spaceflight health studies.RESULTS: Statistical rigor requires additional testing at a length
of 1 yr to demonstrate the presence or absence of unacceptable deleterious effects, and to permit extrapolation to longer durations in space. Review of experimental procedures from this mission suggests potential efficiencies for future investigations.DISCUSSION: The Kelly-Kornienko
1-yr mission demonstrated the importance of continuing joint investigations with the adoption of standard measures for rigorous comparisons across disparate populations. It identified improvements to collaborative processes across national and international scientific research programs. Additional
studies will inform the development of an integrated applied research methodology for the space station and future interplanetary expeditions.Charles JB, Pietrzyk RA. A year on the International Space Station: implementing a long-duration biomedical research mission. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):4–11.
Rest and Activity Patterns of Army Aviators in Routine and Operational Training Environments
Authors: Bernhardt Kyle A. , Kelley Amanda M. , Feltman Kathryn A. , Curry Ian P.
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue continues to be a leading cause of military aviation mishaps. Several factors, including reversed shift missions, can negatively affect sleep patterns and increase the risk of fatigue due to sleep restriction. Currently, there is a lack of objective data
regarding the current rest and activity patterns of military aviators across multiple operational conditions. The purpose of this descriptive study was to document the rest and activity patterns of U.S. Army aviators in operational training and garrison (routine) environments using wrist-worn
actigraphy devices.METHODS: Actigraphy data were collected from U.S. Army aviators in training (N = 20) and garrison (N = 77) environments for a period of 1 wk.RESULTS: Results from this study indicate that 90% of subjects in the training environment, even
after accounting for small sleep bouts during the day, averaged less than the recommended 8 h of sleep daily across the recording week. Approximately half of subjects in garrison averaged less than 8 h of sleep daily after accounting for smaller sleep bouts. Sleep efficiency was relatively
high and similar in both groups (∼84%). Subjects in the training group averaged significantly more time awake and less time sleeping than those in the routine garrison group. Moreover, subjects in training were exposed to more light during sleep than those in garrison.DISCUSSION:
Training environments that are representative of deployed conditions restrict aviator restorative sleep. These results highlight the importance of continued research on aviator sleep and fatigue mitigation in operational environments.Bernhardt KA, Kelley AM, Feltman KA, Curry IP. Rest
and activity patterns of Army aviators in routine and operational training environments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):48–52.
Precooling, Exertional Heatstroke Risk Factors, and Postexercise Cooling Rates
Authors: Wohlfert Timothy M. , Miller Kevin C.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Precooling (PC) before exercise may help prevent severe hyperthermia and exertional heatstroke (EHS). Before clinicians can advocate PC as an EHS prevention strategy, it must effectively mitigate factors associated with EHS development while not lessening the effectiveness
of EHS treatment. Therefore, this study determined if PC affected rectal temperature (Trec), body heat storage, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, sweat rate, and postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) Trec cooling rates.METHODS:
In this randomized, crossover, counterbalanced study, 12 subjects (6 men, 6 women; age = 22 ± 2 yr; mass = 73.5 ± 7.9 kg; height = 171 ± 7 cm) underwent 15 min of CWI (10.0 ± 0.03°C) in an environmental chamber (38.6 ± 0.6°C; 36 ± 2% humidity).
After a 10-min rest, they exercised to a Trec of 39.5°C. Subsequently, they underwent CWI (9.99 ± 0.03°C) until Trec reached 38°C. On control (CON) days, the same procedures occurred without the 15-min PC intervention. Trec, HR, thermal sensation,
and RPE were measured at various times before, during, and after exercise.RESULTS: PC lowered body heat storage and Trec by 15.7 ± 15.0 W · m−2 and 0.42 ± 0.40°C, respectively, before exercise. Subjects exercised significantly
longer (PC = 66.7 ± 16.3 min, CON = 45.7 ± 9.5 min) and at lower Trec (∼0.5 ± 0.5°C) and HR (∼10 ± 7 bpm) following PC. PC significantly lowered sweat rate (PC = 1.02 ± 0.31 L · h−1, CON = 1.22 ± 0.39
L · h−1), but did not affect RPE or CWI cooling rates (PC = 0.18 ± 0.14°C · min−1; CON = 0.19 ± 0.05°C · min−1). Thermal sensation significantly differed between conditions only at pre-exercise (PC
= 3 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 0.5).DISCUSSION: PC delayed severe hyperthermia and mitigated dehydration without affecting thermal perception or cooling rates posthyperthermia. PC may help prevent dangerous hyperthermia in athletes.Wohlfert TM, Miller KC. Precooling,
exertional heatstroke risk factors, and postexercise cooling rates. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):12–17.
Urea and Minerals Monitoring in Space Missions by Spot Samples of Saliva and Urine
Authors: Bilancio Giancarlo , Cavallo Pierpaolo , Lombardi Cinzia , Guarino Ermanno , Cozza Vincenzo , Giordano Francesco , Cirillo Massimo
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Microgravity induces redistribution of body fluids and reductions in muscle and bone mass. These effects correlate with changes in lab test results, including urea and bone minerals. Difficulties with collecting blood and urine during space missions limit the available
data. This pilot study investigated metabolic changes during a space mission using untimed spot samples of urine and saliva. Untimed spot urine was used for urinalysis with data normalization per creatinine concentration. Saliva was proven useful as an index of serum urea and phosphorus.METHODS:
Two astronauts collected urine and saliva samples 75 ± 5 d before launch (baseline) and 3–5 times during a 6-mo space mission. Samples were collected 3 h after morning breakfast. Urine was collected using a standard NASA device. Saliva was collected using a Salivette™ synthetic
swab. Samples were kept frozen using automated biochemistry until lab work-up. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline and after the mission.RESULTS: For astronauts 1 and 2, respectively, total bone mineral density decreased (−1.4% and −0.9%). In-flight changes
were as follows: transiently decreased urine urea/creatinine ratio (−32% and −24%), transiently decreased urine phosphorus/creatinine ratio (−52% and −30%), increased urine calcium/creatinine ratio (up to +116% and +27%), and transient increases in saliva urea (up to
+48% and +195%) and phosphorus (up to +29% and +46%). The astronaut with greater changes in urine minerals had greater reduction in bone mineral density.DISCUSSION: The results support the hypothesis that untimed samples of urine and saliva are useful for investigation of metabolic
changes during space missions. Changes in urine and saliva minerals suggested down-regulation of parathyroid gland activity during the space mission.Bilancio G, Cavallo P, Lombardi C, Guarino E, Cozza V, Giordano F, Cirillo M. Urea and minerals monitoring in space missions by spot samples of saliva and urine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):43–47.
Reliability of the Thai Version of the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-Form
Authors: Asawavichienjinda Thanin , Patarapak Saowaros
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: Motion sickness is a feeling of unwellness and introduces a significant safety risk. If a specific questionnaire to screen for motion sickness susceptibility is available, it would have benefit for susceptible people. This aimed at examining test-retest reliability
and internal consistency of the Thai, non-English version Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-Form (MSSQ-Short).METHODS: The original English-version MSSQ-Short was translated into Thai and then had a backward translation into English. The process of forward and backward
translation was repeated until fulfillment of content and language equivalence between the backward translation and the original questionnaire. The Thai-version MSSQ-Short then was applied to people with history of motion sickness for two occasions with a 2-wk interval. The two questionnaires
were examined for test-retest reliability and the first occasion was examined for internal consistency. MSSQ total raw score and percentile score between the first and second occasions were tested for correlation.RESULTS: The questionnaires were completed by 30 subjects. The weighted
kappa values between the two occasions for the 18 subitems of the MSSQ ranged from 0.38 to 0.86, with most being in the higher range. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient of the MSSQ raw score between the two occasions was 0.94. The internal consistency was 0.80.CONCLUSION:
The Thai, non-English version MSSQ-Short had an acceptable value for reliability. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample size and with other populations.Asawavichienjinda T, Patarapak S. Reliability of the Thai version of the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-Form. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):26–31.
Returning Aircrew with Chronic Hepatitis B Back to Flying While on Nucleos(t)ide Analogues
Authors: Tan Dominic , Kwan Clarence , Tan Benjamin B. C. , Gan Wee Hoe
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major cause of morbidity in several parts of the world. Aircrew with immune-active hepatitis are unfit for flying duties due to the risk of acute hepatic decompensation; those who have begun on treatment are generally also disqualified
from flying duties due to the potential side effects of antiviral treatment. As treatment endpoints for nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) are typically achieved after prolonged therapy, aircrew treated for CHB may be subjected to an extended period of flying restriction.METHODS: We
present a retrospective case series of seven aircrew who were returned to flying duties while on varying combinations of NUC for the treatment of CHB. All seven aircrew were comanaged by the flight surgeon and hepatologist, reviewed by a panel of flight surgeons, and had achieved normalized
liver function tests prior to resumption of flying duties; two out of the seven aircrew had detectable serum Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA when reinstated back to flying duties. Only one aircrew member experienced side effects from the NUC treatment. This was promptly evaluated and managed prior
to resumption of flying duties to ensure flight safety.DISCUSSION: Aircrew with CHB infection can be safely allowed back to flying duties, especially when their conditions have been well controlled via treatment with any of the NUC regimes. While there are limited studies evaluating
the use of NUC in aircrew performing flight duties, our study has shown that NUC are generally well tolerated and have a good safety profile which is compatible with flying duties.Tan D, Kwan C, Tan BBC, Gan WH. Returning aircrew with chronic Hepatitis B back to flying while on nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):37–42.
Resisted and Endurance High Intensity Interval Training for Combat Preparedness
Authors: Tornero-Aguilera Jose Grancisco , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Studies support the use of new training models based on low volume and high intensity in athletes, especially in soldier populations, showing greater physical improvements than conventional and classic approaches. We conducted this study to analyze the psychophysiological
response of soldiers in two different high intensity interval training protocols (HIIT), resisted (RHIIT) and endurance (EHIIT), in order to determine which HIIT elicits a psychophysiological response similar to that in actual theaters of operation.METHODS: We recruited 21 professional
soldiers from the Spanish Army. HIIT protocols were conducted in accordance with actual military scenarios, performed at 36–38°C.RESULTS: Both protocols, RHIIT and EHIIT, produced a significant increase in blood lactate (1.6 ± 0.3 to 6.4 ± 4.8 and 1.7 ±
0.6 to 11.2 ± 5.0, respectively), rate of perceived exertion, heart rate, and lower limb explosive strength; skin temperature and bodyweight presented significant decreases. Only EHIIT presented a significant increase on cortical arousal (35.9 ± 2.1 to 37.3 ± 2.8) and
isometric hand-grip strength, achieving similar psychophysiological response as in previous simulated combat studies.DISCUSSION: Both endurance and resisted high interval intensity training protocols produced a significant increase in the psychophysiological response of soldiers.
EHIIT presented more similarities with actual combat situations.Tornero-Aguilera JG, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Resisted and endurance high intensity interval training for combat preparedness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):32–36.
Individual Attributes, Values, and Goals of an All-Military Women Antarctic Expedition
Authors: Blackadder-Weinstein Jodie , Leon Gloria R. , Norris Rachel C. , Venables Noah C. , Smith Michael
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: While participation of women in the military has increased, research on performance of female teams engaged in arduous physical activity in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments remains sparse.METHODS: A team of six British military women completed
the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ) prior to embarking on an expedition that traversed the Antarctic continent. Questionnaires were completed weekly on the ice; repeat of the PVQ and individual semistructured
debriefing interviews were carried out within 9 d post-expedition.RESULTS: Personality findings indicated a generally well-adjusted group with notable individual differences in personality and personal values. Positive affect and camaraderie among teammates was evident throughout,
although pace vs. distance in the strategy of the daily trek was a continuing point of tension. Honesty in communication was viewed as key to team effectiveness. A significant post-expedition decline in the tradition value (Pre M = −0.55, SD = 0.99; Post M = −0.82, SD = 1.12) and
an increase in the conformity value (Pre M = −0.26, SD = 0.46; Post M = 0.18, SD = 0.27) was found.DISCUSSION: Congruence in personal and team goals among group members engaged in highly challenging activities is crucial for optimal team performance. Presence of two highly
dominant individuals has a negative effect on team dynamics. Application of study findings to space exploration is considered.Blackadder-Weinstein J, Leon GR, Norris RC, Venables NC, Smith M. Individual attributes, values, and goals of an all-military women Antarctic expedition. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):18–25.
Evaluation of Cracks in Metallic Material Using a Self-Organized Data-Driven Model of Acoustic Echo-Signal
Authors: Teng Xudong , Zhang Xin , Fan Yuantao , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2018

Non-linear acoustic technique is an attractive approach in evaluating early fatigue as well as cracks in material. However, its accuracy is greatly restricted by external non-linearities of ultra-sonic measurement systems. In this work, an acoustical data-driven deviation detection method, called the consensus self-organizing models (COSMO) based on statistical probability models, was introduced to study the evolution of localized crack growth. By using pitch-catch technique, frequency spectra of acoustic echoes collected from different locations of a specimen were compared, resulting in a Hellinger distance matrix to construct statistical parameters such as z-score, p-value and T-value. It is shown that statistical significance p-value of COSMO method has a strong relationship with the crack growth. Particularly, T-values, logarithm transformed p-value, increases proportionally with the growth of cracks, which thus can be applied to locate the position of cracks and monitor the deterioration of materials.
Seismic Response of Acceleration-Sensitive Non-Structural Components in Buildings
Authors: Lima Carmine , Martinelli Enzo
Published: December 2018

This paper aims at highlighting the main mechanical parameters controlling the behavior of the so-called ‘acceleration-sensitive’ non-structural components (NSCs). The first reports a short review of the current state of knowledge and the critical issues dealing with the prediction of the seismic response of NSCs. Then, the paper presents the results of a numerical parametric analysis intended to capture the key features of the coupled dynamic response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) system supposed to be representative of both main structure and ‘non-structural’ component (NSC). The main parameters controlling the dynamic response of NSCs emerge from this study, which could pave the way towards formulating more mechanically consistent relationships for evaluating the peak accelerations induced by seismic shakings on NSCs in buildings.