bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardization of The Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI) in the Arab Research: analysis study
Authors: alzahrani Asma hizam , Salih Mohamed Abdalazeem Alhaj
Published: July 2024

The study aimed at analyzing Arab research standardization of the (TSI). The study used The descriptive approach based on the content analysis, and the Study group included (9) studies. The researchers prepared a data collection form. The study found that researchers prefer individual publishing. Publishing in the periodicals, and the use of the short version. first edition. Four studies were conducted in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. (6) Egyptians and Syrians participated in authorship. All studies were conducted on students. I also concluded that (5) studies used the Random method Study group, the Study group sizes were small, and the equation was identified in one study, and the Study group contained males and females in (8) studies. The translation procedures were clear in only two studies, there are seven studies that used the factor analysis, internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, extracted norms in four studies, and the Normal distribution was examined in three studies. the detection of the factor analysis of the saturation on five factors and that the indicators (RMSEA), (CFI) were used in four studies. The study referred to many shortcomings and showed that researchers did not adhere to the ITC guidelines and found that the studies contained the risk of bias, so it recommended re-standardization of (TSI).
Relación entre síntomas depresivos y deterioro de la calidad de vida en futbolistas de la Primera División del Perú
Authors: Maguiña-Figueroa Samantha , Silva-Barboza Cesar , Ñaña-Cordova Alvaro M. , Torres-Zegarra Betzy C. , Chapoñan-Agip Nallely V. , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M.
Published: July 2024

Se estima que la depresión afecta a unos 280 millones de personas a nivel mundial. Entre los factores vinculados con esta condición clínica, se encuentran las relaciones interpersonales, la calidad de vida, la pérdida de autonomía y otros. En épocas recientes, el fútbol profesional ha venido ocupando un lugar cada vez más importante en el desenvolvimiento de la vida pública y social de la población, fenómeno que impone altas expectativas en la conducta y acciones de los deportistas: el fútbol ha pasado a ser así una profesión con muchas exigencias y presiones constantes, dando lugar a que la calidad de vida de sus practicantes en el Perú se pueda ver afectada. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre calidad de vida y depresión en deportistas de la Federación Peruana de Fútbol (FPF) en el período 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: Diseño de tipo observacional, analítico y retrospectivo. Se trata de un análisis secundario del estudio «Diagnóstico situacional de salud física, mental, nutricional y social de futbolistas», en el que se incluye a los deportistas inscritos en todas las categorías de la Primera División de la Federación Peruana de Fútbol. Resultados: De un total de 168 participantes, el 54,8 % (n = 92) muestra una calidad de vida descrita como «pobre» y el 17,3 % (n = 29) evidencia síntomas depresivos según la escala CESD-7. En el análisis bivariado, el 21,7 % (n = 20) de deportistas con síntomas depresivos reportó tener baja calidad de vida. Con la regresión de Poisson se encontró que deportistas con síntomas depresivos tenían un deterioro 1,42 veces mayor en su calidad de vida (IC 95 %: 1,05-1,93). Conclusiones: La calidad de vida de una proporción de futbolistas profesionales en el Perú parece estar afectada por manifestaciones depresivas demostrables.
Modelo explicativo del funcionamiento cognitivo en el envejecimiento
Authors: Pérez-Ramos Ysela J.
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Validar un modelo explicativo del funcionamiento cognitivo en adultos mayores basado en el control inhibitorio, la memoria de trabajo y la velocidad de procesamiento. Materiales y métodos: Diseño explicativo-correlacional. Se evaluó a 128 personas entre 60 a 85 años de edad con pruebas de memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento de la escala de inteligencia WAIS-IV, test de Stroop y test Neuropsi. Resultados: Se aplicaron dos modelos de análisis por ecuaciones estructurales. En el modelo 1, con la muestra total, el control inhibitorio explica mejor el funcionamiento cognitivo en adultos de 60 a 85 años (β = 0,22; p < 0,538). El modelo 2, que incluyó edad como variable de control, dividió la muestra en dos grupos etarios y halló que la velocidad de procesamiento predice mejor el funcionamiento cognitivo en adultos de 60-70 años (β = 2,329; p = 0,030), pero ninguna variable predice el funcionamiento cognitivo en adultos de 71 a 85 años. El segundo modelo mostró mejores índices de ajuste (CMIN/DF = 1,352; GFI = ,950; CFI = ,983; RMSEA = ,053). Conclusiones: El control inhibitorio y la velocidad de procesamiento explican el funcionamiento cognitivo durante el envejecimiento, pero en distintos grupos de edad, lo cual valida el modelo explicativo que incluye a la edad como variable de control.
Syndrome frailty and his features in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Guseva O. V.
Published: July 2024

Syndrome frailty is widespread all over the world and its appearance is associated with an increase in life expectancy. The lecture shows the multifactorial nature of the syndrome: changes in physical health, social and psychological factors, gender characteristics and age. The classic diagnosis of the syndrome consists in assessing physical weakness according to the Fried phenotype. The modern view of the problem complements the diagnosis with indices of weakness to characterize the multifactorial development and the use of digital wearable technologies for long-term monitoring of the patient’s functional parameters.The lecture provides a detailed justification of the effect of comorbidity on the development of syndrome frailty. The syndrome frailty is difficult diagnosed in Parkinson’s disease, because it has high prevalence in these. Studies of syndrome frailty in Parkinson’s disease are few, probably due to the similarity of the symptoms of the disease and the syndrome. The lecture identifies the possible risks of syndrome frailty in Parkinson’s disease: the influence of various forms of Parkinson’s disease, gender, cognitive and functional disorders, polypharmacy, levodopa doses. The role of multidisciplinary rehabilitation’s team and independent physical activity in the combination of Parkinson’s disease and syndrome frailty is shown.
The role of estrogens in mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Kit O. I. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Neskubina I. V. , Ilchenko S. A.
Published: July 2024

Central organelles in cells are mitochondria, which are essential for many fundamental biological processes. In the course of evolution, mitochondria have been transformed into signaling centers in biological systems that can cause changes in the cell via secreted factors and affect physiology of humans and animals. Along with performing many key functions for the cell, mitochondria have also evolved into active hubs that can both control cellular programs through interaction with other compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, and affect tissues, determining the health of the body via mechanisms that we are only beginning to understand.
Monkeys excluding apes as a model for studies on metabolic syndrome
Authors: Orlov S. V. , Uspensky Yu. P. , Fominykh Yu. A. , Kolesnik Yu. A. , Panchenko A. V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To summarize the results of research on metabolic syndrome in monkeys excluding apes and to conduct a comparison with humans.A search for full-text publications in PubMed and Scopus databases was carried out using the following keywords: nonhuman primate, monkey, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, insulin, atherosclerosis, hypertension. Articles were selected that describe studies involving the following monkey species: cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), baboons (Papio sp.), grivets (Cercopithecus aethiops), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The development of various metabolic syndrome criteria was demonstrated in all monkey species reviewed. Many similarities with humans were revealed: macaques with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus demonstrated an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Obesity and insulin resistance were precursors to impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Blood pressure increased along with the progression of insulin resistance. The similarity of genetic and environmental risk factors between humans and monkeys is important in the development of metabolic syndrome. The reviewed data suggest that the use of monkeys in biomedical research remains an indispensable resource for the study of pathogenesis and assessment of the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic strategies targeting clinically important metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and, possibly, other conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.
Functional analysis of a new splicing mutation in the MYBPC3 gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Salakhov R. R. , Golubenko M. V. , Skoblov M. Y. , Savchenko R. R. , Valiakhmetov N. R. , Pavlyukova E. N. , Nazarenko M. S.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the pathogenic effect in the MYBPC3 splice-site variant in the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a DNA sample obtained from a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in whom a previously undescribed variant was identified in the splice donor site of intron 21. The methods used included constructing and cloning of minigenes (vector pSpl3-Flu2-TKdel) and transfection of a human cell culture (HEK293T), followed by isolation of mRNA, production of cDNA, PCR of the minigene region containing the analyzed fragment, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Sanger sequencing. Results. The chr11:47339649-A-C (hg38) variant, disrupting the splice donor site in intron 21 (NM_000256.3: c.2067+2T>G), was identified in the 23-year-old patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To directly analyze the effect of this variant on splicing, a vector containing exon 21, intron 21, exon 22, and partially introns 20 and 22 of the MYBPC3 gene was obtained. A comparison of mRNAs from the minigenes containing / not containing the variant showed that the chr11:47339649-A-C substitution led to exon 21 and exon 22 skipping during splicing. Conclusion. The study established the functional significance of the previously undescribed variant c.2067+2T>G in the MYBPC3 gene, resulting in disruption of the mRNA splicing mechanism in the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This variant can be classified as pathogenic.
Effect of pro- and metabiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii D5 strain on myocardial resistance to ischemia – reperfusion injury in the rat model of systemic inflammatory response
Authors: Borshchev Yu. Yu. , Minasean S. M. , Semenova N. Yu. , Burovenko I. Yu. , Borshcheva O. V. , Gritsenko E. Yu. , Sheptitsky V. A. , Suvorov A. N. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the effect of lyophilized L. delbrueckii D5, as well as its inactivated culture, during intragastric administration on myocardial resistance to ischemia – reperfusion injury (IRI), markers of inflammation, and intestinal epithelial permeability. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats with a model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Myocardial IRI was reproduced on an isolated Langendorff heart. Results. A significant increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and lactoferrin in SIRS was revealed. The introduction of both inactivated and lyophilized culture of L. delbrueckii D5 resulted in normalization of these changes. Normalization of the increased blood level of lipopolysaccharide in SIRS was also noted with the introduction of both inactivated and lyophilized L. delbrueckii D5. However, the inactivated culture had no effect on the myocardial infarct size, which was increased in the SIRS group compared to the controls, whereas the introduction of the lyophilized strain led to a significant decrease in this parameter. Conclusion. The inactivated culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii D5 has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, but does not impact myocardial resistance to IRI, unlike the lyophilized strain, which requires further research.
The state and vascularization of the bone marrow transplanted in the diffusion chamber to the rat neurovascular bundle
Authors: Dvornichenko M. V. , Marzol E. A. , Zinovyev E. А. , Mitryaikin N. S. , Khlusov I. A.
Published: July 2024

Background. The diffusion chamber method helps solve the problem of delivering a biomaterial with minimal losses, while creating an isolated environment in the recipient’s body. The issue of vascularization of diffusion chambers to preserve the functional capacity of the biomaterial remains relevant. A bioengineered diffusion chamber model, together with the vascular adventitia, promotes vascularization of the biomaterial placed in the chamber. The aim of the study was to assess the state of the bone marrow placed in the diffusion chamber and transplanted to the femoral neurovascular bundle of a rat. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the study was carried out on mature male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups. Group 1 was experimental (n = 4), in which a polycaprolactone diffusion chamber filled with bone marrow was implanted in the femoral neurovascular bundle. Group 2 was control (n = 3), in which the diffusion chamber without bone marrow was implanted in a similar bundle. Results. The histologic examination of the structure of the compact capsule in the bioengineered model in the experimental group revealed areas of woven bone tissue in 25% of the rats. An increase in the vascularization coefficient by 96% and a rise in the Kernohan index by 7% in the experimental group compared to the control group indicated that sufficient conditions were formed to develop the microvasculature while maintaining the bone marrow differentiation path. Conclusion. The reliability of these results is confirmed by immunohistochemical markers of vascularization VEGF and CD34.
Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients depending on left ventricular ejection fraction: results of a register study
Authors: Parfenov P. G. , Yurkina A. V. , Golubovskaya D. P. , Shuster S. Y. , Dren E. V. , Guselnikova Y. I. , Lebedeva N. B. , Pecherina T. B.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the clinical and anamnestic features of patients followed up in the Center for Chronic Heart Failure at the Regional Vascular Center according to the data of the corresponding register.Materials and methods. The study included data of 802 patients included in the Kuzbass Register of Patients Followed up at the Center for Chronic Heart Failure from 2020 to 2022. The median follow-up was 1.6 ± 0.7 years. Results. According to the present register, men dominated in the gender profile of patients with chronic heart failure – 612 (76.3%) participants (p < 0.001). The largest group of subjects was represented by patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 40%) – 546 people. This category was also characterized by a more severe functional class of chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association); patients with functional class III– IV chronic heart failure prevailed (p < 0.001). The most common comorbidities revealed were chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml / min / 1.73 m2 according to the CKD-EPI equation) – 614 (76.5%) patients and obesity (body mass index of more than 30 kg / m2) – 334 (41.6%) patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was reported in 193 (24%) patients. The analysis of the etiology of chronic heart failure showed that the main causes of heart failure in the groups with low and intermediate left ventricular ejection fraction were coronary heart disease and combined causes, whereas in the group with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, the disease resulted from coronary heart disease and arrhythmogenic causes. Conclusion. Assessing the clinical and anamnestic features of patients with heart failure, it can be said that these people are mainly male, retired, with coronary heart disease, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and a comorbidity, mainly chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
Application of Charlson Comorbidity Index to assess prognosis of 18-month mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hoang T. H. , Maiskov V. V. , Merai I. A. , Kobalava Zh. D.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for predicting 18-month all-cause mortality and develop a nomogram for predicting 18-month mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Materials and methods. The prospective, single-center, observational study included 712 consecutive patients with acute MI undergoing coronary angiography within 24 hours after hospitalization. The primary endpoint was 18-month all-cause mortality. The logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram for predicting the endpoint was developed using the multivariate analysis. The discriminative ability of the CCI and a nomogram were evaluated using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. Of the patients, 61% were male, median age was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR) was 56–74 years). Median CCI was 4 (IQR: 3–6) points. The mortality rate was 12.1% at 18 months with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.797 for CCI (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.746–0.849; p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that CCI (odds ratio (OR) 1.28; 95% CI 1.08–1.52; p = 0.004), age (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.09; p = 0.002), and three-vessel coronary artery disease (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.36–4.98; p = 0.004), incorporated into the nomogram, were independent predictive factors of an adverse outcome. The nomogram showed good discrimination in predicting 18-month mortality in patients with acute MI (AUC = 0.819; 95% CI 0.767–0.870; p < 0.001; sensitivity 65.1%; specificity 88.2%). Conclusion. CCI was independently associated with and moderately predicted 18-month mortality in patients with acute MI. The proposed nomogram facilitated early identification of high-risk patients, allowing for the implementation of more effective treatment strategies and reducing acute MI mortality
Reconciling Environmental Safety and Economic Feasibility: A Review of Soil Fluorine Management Strategies in South Korea
Authors: Ji Chang-Hwan , Lee Soon Hong , Bae Gi Seong , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: July 2024

Soil naturally contains fluorine, but concerns arise when its levels or bioavailability are increased by human activities or specific compounds. South Korea faces challenges in regulating soil fluorine pollution despite implementing stricter total fluorine standards than many developed countries. Moreover, these regulations can be economically unfeasible because of the naturally high background levels of fluorine in the soil in Korea. This review explores the global landscape of soil fluorine management strategies and examines potential solutions that reconcile environmental protection with economic concerns. We recommend a shift towards regulating specific and hazardous fluorine compounds rather than total content, and prioritizing remediation efforts based on assessments of bioavailable fluorine. This approach may help Korea establish a more effective and sustainable strategy for managing soil fluorine pollution.
Leveraging Supplier Relationships for Competitive Advantage in E-commerce
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This study explores the strategic importance of leveraging supplier relationships for competitive advantage in the e-commerce industry. Strong supplier relationships are crucial for enhancing operational efficiencies, cost management, quality assurance, innovation, sustainability, and overall supply chain resilience. Through collaborative partnerships, e-commerce companies can streamline logistics, reduce costs, ensure consistent product quality, and foster innovation through joint development initiatives. Ethical sourcing and sustainable practices play a pivotal role in supplier relationship management (SRM), aligning with consumer expectations and enhancing brand reputation. Advanced technologies such as AI, blockchain, and IoT further transform SRM practices by improving transparency, efficiency, and decision-making capabilities across the supply chain. The study also discusses challenges in managing global supplier relationships, emphasizing the importance of effective communication, cultural sensitivity, and strategic risk management. By addressing these challenges and nurturing trust-based relationships with suppliers, e-commerce firms can navigate market complexities and achieve sustainable growth. This research provides insights for e-commerce companies seeking to optimize their supplier relationships and maintain competitive advantage in a dynamic market environment.
Market Crisis Management Strategy Based on Predicting Loyal Customers Using Deep Meta-Learning
Authors: Shi Xiangting , Zhang Yakang , Yu Manning , Zhang Lihao
Published: July 2024

Market crises pose significant challenges for businesses, emphasizing the importance of effective crisis management strategies. Central to these strategies is the ability to identify and retain loyal customers, who often serve as the bedrock of stability during tumultuous times. This paper investigates the application of deep meta-learning analysis to predict loyal customers as a cornerstone of market crisis management. Drawing upon an extensive literature review, the study explores previous research on market crises, customer loyalty, and the evolution of deep learning and meta-learning in crisis management contexts. Methodologically, the paper outlines data collection, model development, and evaluation procedures tailored for deep meta-learning-based customer prediction. In results, the overall accuracy of model 85%, a precision 0.88, recall 0.82, and F1-score 0.85 were obtained. The analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of deep meta-learning models in accurately identifying loyal customers during market crises, offering insights into their performance and applicability compared to traditional methods. Practical implications include potential applications in crisis management for businesses and considerations for real-world implementation.
Influenza Vaccination Uptake among Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associated Factors from the European Health Interview Survey 2020
Authors: Twomey Eric , Herman David , Marín-Rodríguez José Antonio , Jiménez-Moleón José Juan
Published: July 2024

Background: Vaccination against influenza has proven to reduce influenza-caused hospital entries, treatment times in intensive care units and hospitalisation costs for treating people with Diabetes Mellitus. Despite the existing influenza vaccination recommendations for all persons with Diabetes Mellitus, in Spain, vaccination rates lag behind target. We aimed to assess predictors for vaccination uptake and reasons for non-adherence. Methods: Data from the 2020 European Health Interview Survey were analysed using uni-and multivariable logistic regression models, stratified by age group and including possible confounders and vaccination as an outcome. Associations to the sociodemographic profile, healthcare access and substance use were explored. Results: Our analysis included 2,194 individuals with Diabetes Mellitus over the age of 15, showing an influenza vaccination rate of 53%. The findings revealed significant predictors of vaccination uptake, including age over 60 years and robust social support. Conversely, younger age, higher education levels, infrequent healthcare interactions, and economic barriers emerged as significant obstacles to vaccination. Conclusions: To enhance vaccination rates, targeted public health interventions should emphasize the importance of vaccination for younger, more educated individuals with DM, those facing economic barriers, and those with lower levels of social support could bridge the existing gap in vaccination coverage.
Prediction of Tempering Properties of Low‐Carbon Bainitic Steels
Authors: Sun Guojin , Wang Qi , Luan Shiyu
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model for low-carbon bainitic steel utilising the P and λ parameters. The tempering activation energy of the steel was calculated through statistical methods. Kinetic curves for the hardness equivalents and a nomograph for tempering process parameters were plotted. The error analysis indicates that the predicted values based on the λ and P parameters had errors within 15% and 10%, respectively. The model can be effectively utilised to predict mechanical properties and optimise parameters during the tempering process.
Deconvolution-Based System Identification and Finite Element Model Calibration of the UCLA Factor Building
Authors: Wang Fei , Ma Jiemei , Kang Xiandong , Liu Qixuan , Chen Hongyu
Published: July 2024

Wave propagation in buildings analyzed from its response to earthquakes can be applied for tracking the dynamic characteristics changes based on impulse response functions. The velocity of traveling shear-waves and intrinsic attenuation in buildings can be retrieved for buildings. It is an approach of importance for system identification. The Factor Building at the University of California, Los Angeles campus (henceforth referred as the UCLA Factor Building), an instrumented 15-story steel-moment frame structure, are selected for dynamic response characteristics identification. They are inferred from wave propagation using seismic interferometry for recorded motions. The deconvolved waves are used to compute shear wave travel time and wave attenuation. The natural logarithm for the envelopes of the waveforms deconvolved with the signal at the basement constrains the attenuation. The waveforms from deconvolution with the motion at the basement suggest the fundamental mode of the building. The frequency and decay with time constrain the shear velocity and attenuation as well. The velocity are measured using arrival times picked from these deconvolved waves and the average velocity is 147.1 m/s. The quality factor is equal to 10.8 with the damping ratio at 5%. The shear wave velocity and damping ratio estimated from the deconvolved waves have a good match with these inferred from the waveforms deconvolved with the basement recording. This consistency suggests that wave deconvolution can be applied to extract the building response from the excitation and ground coupling. Based on the resonant frequencies and damping ratio, the finite element model of the building is updated. This study implies that wave deconvolution is powerful to extract the building dynamic characteristics. It helps to better the understanding of the dynamic response of buildings to earthquakes.
Optical Detection of Underwater Propeller Wake Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector
Authors: Zhou Guanlong , Liu Qin , Wang Hu , Li Liyan , Zhou Yan , Chen Xinyu
Published: July 2024

The study of underwater vehicle wake detection is of significant importance within the field of target detection, localisation and tracking of underwater vehicles. Given that propellers are the propellers of modern ships and underwater vehicles, the propeller wake field represents the principal target source for wake detection in underwater vehicles. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for measuring the wake of an underwater propeller based on a position-sensitive detector. A theoretical model of the relationship between the laser spot displacement and the change of refractive index of the wake field is established on the basis of the principle of laser beam deflection. A prototype experimental setup for underwater propeller wake measurement was constructed based on the aforementioned optical measurement method. Furthermore, the simulation of the propeller wake flow field with strong density stratification and linear density stratification was conducted based on the experimental setup. In the experiment, a three-bladed propeller with a diameter of 39mm was selected, the water tank size was 980mm×380mm×380mm, and the laser acted at a distance of 550 mm from the propeller. The experimental results indicate that the wake dissipation time of the propeller in a strong density-stratified water environment is approximately 800s. Following the stabilization of the wake field density, the laser spot position is observed to be stable at 0.341 mm, with a corresponding refractive index change of 2.99×10-6 RIU. The wake dissipation time of the propeller in a linear density-stratified water environment is approximately 750 s. Once the wake field density has reached a stable state, the laser spot position is found to be 0.441mm, corresponding to a refractive index change of 3.87×10-6 RIU. These experimental results are found to be in general agreement with the simulation results of the propeller wake field. A comparison of the experimental device-based wake measurements with the CTD-based wake measurements reveals a consistent trend.
A Rationally Designed H5 Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine Provides Broad-Spectrum Protection against Various H5Nx highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens
Authors: Zhang Xuxiao , Li Xin , Zhang Fushou , Cui Xiaoping , Guo Xiaoqin , Sun Zhi , Guo Pengju , Liao Ming , Chen Ning
Published: July 2024

The evolution of the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has led to the emergence of distinct groups with genetically similar clusters of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, a consensus H5 HA sequence was cloned into the baculovirus expression system. The HA protein was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and utilized as the antigen for the production of an oil emulsion-based H5 avian influenza vaccine (rBacH5Con5Mut). 21-day old SPF chickens were immunized with this vaccine and then challenged at 21 days post-vaccination (dpv) with clade 2.3.2.1, clade 2.3.4.4 and clade 7.2 of H5 HPAI virus, respectively. The chicken sera of vaccinated chickens exhibited high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against the rBacH5 vaccine antigen, while lower HI titers were observed against the different challenge virus H5 hemagglutinins. Furthermore, the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine provided 100% protection from mortality and clinical signs. Virus isolation results showed that oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding was prevented in 100% of the vaccinated chickens when challenged with clade 2.3.2.1 and clade 2.3.4.4 H5 viruses. When the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate was administrated at one day of age, 100% protection was demonstrated against challenge of clade 2.3.4.4 virus at 3 weeks of age, indicating the potential of this vaccine for hatchery vaccination. Overall, the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate with a consensus HA antigen and a single dose can protect chickens against different clades of H5 HPAI viruses throughout the rearing period of broiler chickens without a boost, thus fulfilling the criteria for an efficacious broad-spectrum H5 avian influenza vaccine.
The Proportionality Test Models of Competing Rights Cases in the Civil and Common Law Systems: Lesson to Learn for Indonesia
Authors: Lailam Tanto , Anggia Putri , Chakim M. Luthfi
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the Proportionality test model of Competing Rights in practice in civil law countries (Germany and South Korea) and the Common Law System (United States and Canada). The research method used is a normative legal research method with statutory, comparative, and case approaches. The results show that the proportionality test is the "ultimate rule of law," a fundamental benchmark in judicial review, and has become a global constitutionalism recognised and applied internationally. Its application is structured and systematic with four test stages, such as German, Canadian, and South Korean models. Meanwhile, it is unstructured in the United States, and there is only one analytical tool (balancing test). In the case of decision, the four stages are only sometimes applied, but according to the needs of the analysis. If, at the third stage (necessity/minimal impairment), it is found that the object being tested is contrary to the Constitution, then the argumentation focuses on that analysis of it. The fourth stage is used if the case is more complicated and requires analysing the balance of norms and legal values. Meanwhile, in the Indonesian Constitutional Court practice, there is a proportional analysis, but it is partial, unstructured, and unsystematic. Therefore, in the future, it is essential to develop an Indonesian model of the principle of proportionality under the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflict under International Law
Authors: Siregar Naek , Aini Desy Churul , Rehulina Rehulina , Subandi Agit Yogi , Mirza Isroni Muhammad Miraj
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological achievement that simulates human intelligence through machines or computer programs. The integration of AI in military operations aims to minimize combatant casualties and enhance effectiveness in warfare. Despite the advantages and significance of this research, concerns arise regarding the ideal implementation of AI in armed conflicts due to potential security challenges. A significant issue lies in the legal perspective governing AI as a comprehensive defense tool. This paper employs a juridical normative research method based on a statutory approach to provide a descriptive analysis and examine the regulatory framework surrounding AI in armed conflict. The results indicate that the absence of comprehensive regulations complicates the accountability framework, making liability determination intricate, particularly when AI malfunctions due to substandard quality or improper use. In such cases, accountability may extend to both the creator and the user. The concept of liability for violations in armed conflict is explored according to international law, highlighting the implications and associated responsibilities of using AI within legal principles. This paper concludes that AI regulation must be crafted to ensure usage aligns with established procedures within the framework of international law.
Civil Law, Conflict of Laws, and Extraterritoriality in the European Supply Chain Due Diligence Law
Authors: Koos Stefan
Published: July 2024

This paper gives an overview of the new European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), its relation to the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (LkSG) from 2021, and the systematic background of both acts. The article contradicts criticism of the extraterritorial effects of the acts, underlining a legislative purpose as part of the national business law regarding fair competition and consumer protection besides the purpose of improving life conditions. The acts are part of an international socially responsible business law. The CSDDD is introducing a new specific civil liability provision. It also brings significant advancements in conflict-of-law principles by introducing mandatory liability norms that apply regardless of jurisdiction. Implementing due diligence obligations in complex international supply chains poses challenges for companies, requiring robust risk management systems and ongoing adjustments. This strict regulation must be balanced with the practical feasibility of Corporate Social Responsibility duties, and a reasonable allocation of responsibilities must take place without risking that the effect of the legislation will stay behind formalistic compliance requirements. The concept of organizational responsibility plays a core role in this balancing process.
Profiling of Modified Chitosan-Based Composites as Tetracycline Hydrochloride Drug Release Systems
Authors: Anjartikasari Nurul , Yuanita Emmy , Dharmayani Ni Komang Tri , Sudirman Sudirman , Sudewianingsih Ni Made , Ulfa Maria
Published: July 2024

Controlled drug release systems (DRS) are a crucial technology in the medical field, and they continue to be developed today. Chitosan is useful in manufacturing-controlled drug release systems due to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. However, it has some limitations when it comes to its physical and mechanical properties. Combining chitosan with other materials, such as bacterial cellulose (BC), graphite (Gr), ZnO, and TiO2, can improve its mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. This study aims to synthesize Chi/BC/Gr/TiO2 and Chi/BC/Gr/ZnO composites as drug release systems. When tested with TCH, an antibiotic model, the drug release kinetics of the composite followed the Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics models. Additional tests for physical and mechanical properties, as well as antibacterial activity, have also been conducted. Mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus in composites with adding Gr, TiO2, and ZnO have higher values than Chi/BC alone. Compared to positive control, both TCH-loaded composites show higher inhibition against S. aureus bacteria. Based on the results of this study, composite Chi/BC/Gr/TiO2 and Chi/BC/Gr/ZnO have potential applications as DRS such as wound dressing.
RESEARCH OF THE MANAGEMENT OF SOFTWARE SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT USING THE RESOURCES OF CLOUD PROVIDERS
Authors: Pashniev Andrii , Sliepushkov Mykola , Hurt Denys , Liutenko Iryna
Published: July 2024

The main stages of the process of deploying a software system using the resources of cloud providers are analyzed. The models of possible options for managing the deployment of a software system using the BPMN notation are developed. Based on the modeling, the advantages and disadvantages of non-automated, automated, and automatic management of the deployment process are identified. A model of automatic deployment of a software system using the resources of cloud providers' data centers in IDEF0 notation has been developed and decomposed, which allowed to study the functional interaction of individual stages of the software system deployment process. Based on the developed contextual and decomposition IDEF0 diagrams, within the framework of modeling the software system deployment process, an analysis of the functional interaction of the Build and Deploy stages was carried out, which showed that these stages have the greatest functional load and require more detailed research in order to find ways to optimize them. With this purpose, were developed and analyzed IDEF0 and DFD decomposition diagrams that model the functional interaction and data flows between the components of the Build and Deploy subprocesses. Analysis of the functional interaction and data flows generated and transferred between the individual components of the Build and Deploy subprocesses revealed an important aspect, which is that each time the source code is compiled, and the container is created, data must be loaded from external libraries. This, in turn, leads to a significant increase in external traffic, which affects the speed of deployment of software systems using the resources of cloud providers' data centers. As a possible way to optimize the Build and Deploy subprocesses, was proposed to create a cache to save the downloaded data from external libraries for reuse, as well as implement control over queries to external libraries and the data caching process, which will minimize the time spent on transferring data from external libraries during automatic deployment.
ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING AND ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IT COMPANY BUSINESS PROCESSES
Authors: Serhiienko Olena , Chernova Natalya , Momotkov Igor , Huz Ostap
Published: July 2024

The current state of the IT industry is characterized by a high level of market capitalization and rapid growth rates compared to most other sectors of the global economy. Preservation of the specified competitive position requires research on improving the management efficiency and determines the relevance of the task of evaluating and analyzing IT companies’ business processes system. The problem of analyzing the business process system is sufficiently researched, but the issue of modeling the relationships between individual indicators characterizing business processes and general performance indicators still needs to be refined. Efficiency shows how well the processes in the complex are performed, therefore it is very important not only to evaluate the efficiency indicator quantitatively, but also to determine the degree of influence of individual components on it, to obtain a list of key problematic factors of negative influence, for which minor changes in their course lead to significant changes in the functioning and development of the company as a whole. In the current study, primary attention is paid to strategic business processes, which in turn are decomposed into tactical and operational ones. The overall assessment of the effectiveness of a strategic business process depends on the effectiveness of each subsidiary process. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of operational level processes in relation to the amount of labor and material resources spent on their implementation. The purpose of the work is the development and practical implementation of an algorithm for evaluating and analyzing IT company business processes effectiveness. The specified algorithm includes the following main stages: assessment of business process quantitative parameters; building a dependence model of business process results and resource indicators; assessment of business process management efficiency indicators; assessment of the synergistic effect from the implementation of subsidiary business processes. The system of quantitative indicators is obtained as a result of the algorithm implementation. The system allows to rank business processes according to the efficiency level, to determine the degree of influence of business process individual components on the overall efficiency, to evaluate the synergistic effect of the implementation of subsidiary business processes.
THE INFLUENCE OF DATA CATEGORIZATION AND ATTRIBUTE INSTANCES REDUCTION USING THE GINI INDEX ON THE ACCURACY OF THE CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM MODEL
Authors: Willy Fernando  , Jollyta Deny , Dadang Priyanto  , Dwi Oktarina
Published: July 2024

Numerical data problems are typically caused by a failure to comprehend the data and the outcomes of its processing. In order to give richer context and a deeper understanding of the facts, numerical data must be transformed into categories. On the other hand, changes in data have a significant impact on the analysis's outcomes. The purpose of this study is to see how transforming numerical data into categories affects the model produced by the classification algorithms. The dataset used in this study is the Maternal Health Risk. Categorization refers to formal arrangements. Categorization is also accomplished by using the Gini Index to limit the number of instances of an attribute. The classification is carried out using the Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to produce a model. The influence of data modifications to model can be observed in the confusion matrix with 5 different data splitting. The study results suggested that changing numerical data to categories data significantly improved the performance of the SVM model from 76.92% to 80.77% at a data splitting percentage of 95/5.
Can Artificial Intelligence Be “Ethical”? The Outlook of (Contemporary) Virtue Ethics
Authors: Kudriashova Valeriia K. ,   HSE University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the methodological limitations of the application of (contemporary) virtue ethics in the field of artificial intelligence. The first limitation lies in the theoretical vagueness of “virtue ethics”, since it is only instrumentally interpreted in case of applied ethics’ issues by many researchers: for instance, they often refer only to the principle of golden mean that helps to understand the nature of virtues and to articulate them for AI. This approach is fundamentally wrong, since it selectively considers the main ideas of (con­temporary) virtue ethics and uses only those that approve it. The second limitation is that in Aristotelianism and neo-Aristotelianism AI cannot be considered as a moral agent sensu stricto. In this regard, AI is a system that can only imitate the behaviour of a moral agent who is the bearer of a certain set of virtues. Despite the initial negative diagnosis, there are still two approaches in neo-Aristotelianism that can bring light to the possibility of AI ethics. Ex­emplarism allows us to take a different look at the role of social robots in human life: they can be seen as moral exemplars or narratives that can contribute to the moral development of their owners and change their moral portrait for the better or worse. The capability approach created by M.K. Nussbaum also focuses on the impact of AI on the quality of human life: in this context, we are highlighting what changes basic human capabilities can undergo and how the minimal level of social justice and the respect of human dignity are ensured while using AI technologies.
Detection of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in Chicken in West Java
Authors: Putri Ajeng Fabeana , Winarsongko Agus , Hoerudin Heri , Sekarmila Gita , Ahpas Ahpas , Jaelani Jejen , Gunawan Wawan , Dewiyanti Rina , Pratama Yuda , Nuradji Harimurti , Fairusya Nuha , Ekawasti Fitrine , Adji Rahmat Setya , Dharmayanti NLP Indi , Indriani Risa , Utomo Bambang Ngaji , Suryatmiati Sri
Published: July 2024

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is an acute, highly contagious disease that infects chickens and causes a high mortality rate of up to 100% in young animals. The disease is caused by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) of the genus Avibirnavirus, family Birnaviridae. The disease has been reported in Indonesia since 1976, and management strategies for the disease, such as vaccination, have been applied to prevent and control outbreaks in poultry farms. In this study, we conducted the detection of the disease in chickens from a farm in West Java with a mortality rate of 80%. Chickens showing clinical signs, such as sudden death, anorexia, watery diarrhea, and ruffled feathers, were necropsied, and organ samples, including the bursa Fabricius, brain, and spleen, were collected. The samples were then tested using Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to confirm the diagnosis of IBD. Positive results were obtained in this study, highlighting the need for improved biosecurity in poultry farms in Indonesia. These results also provided a basis for further research on viral characterization to develop detection kits or vaccines for IBD using local isolates from the field in Indonesia.