bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of self-assessment on experience Feelings of lonely in early youth
Authors: Синкевич И.А. , Тучкова Т.В.
Published: December 2021

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью изучения чувства одиночества в период ранней юности, так как оно является одним из наиболее распространённых явлений в психическом развитии юношества и может оказывать негативное влияние на личность, став устойчивым состоянием, которое будет препятствовать личностному развитию. Проведенный анализ литературных источников, посвященных вопросу изучения чувства одиночества, позволил авторам всесторонне рассмотреть его и раскрыть специфику переживания чувства одиночества в ранней юности. Раскрыта психологическая сущность феномена одиночества, многоаспектность его проявлений. Установлен характер взаимосвязи чувства одиночества и самооценки личности. Выявлены причины возникновения чувства одиночества в ранней юности, особенности его влияния на развитие личности. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования влияния самооценки на переживание чувства одиночества старшеклассниками. Статья предназначена для работников системы образования, практических психологов, исследователей.

The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the feeling of loneliness in early adolescence, since it is one of the most common phenomena in the mental development of adolescence and can have a negative impact on the personality, becoming a stable state that will hinder personal development. The analysis of literary sources devoted to the study of the feeling of loneliness allowed the authors to comprehensively consider it and reveal the specifics of experiencing a feeling of loneliness in early youth. The psychological essence of the phenomenon of loneliness, the multidimensionality of its manifestations are revealed. The nature of the relationship between feelings of loneliness and self-esteem of the individual has been established. The reasons for the emergence of a feeling of loneliness in early adolescence, the peculiarities of its influence on personality development are revealed. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the influence of self-esteem on the feeling of loneliness in high school students. The article is intended for educators, practical psychologists, and researchers.
The game and the problem of the unity of affect and intelligence
Authors: Веракса Н.Е. , Сухих В.Л.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению игры в контексте проблемы единства аффекта и интеллекта. В ходе анализ работ отечественных и зарубежных авторов показано, что Л.С. Выготский специально исследовал вопрос о единстве аффекта и интеллекта. При этом в самой проблеме единства представлены различные аспекты в зависимости от выбранных оснований анализа. Так, рассматривая ситуацию, в которой разворачивается игровая деятельность детей, в качестве одной из форм единства аффекта и интеллекта выступает переживание, которое обусловлено пониманием ситуации ребёнком в зависимости от развития его мышления.
Другая форма понимание единства аффекта и интеллекта связана с анализом взаимодействия динамических характеристик аффективной и интеллектуальный сфер детского сознания. При этом Л.С. Выготский подчёркивает, что несмотря на это единство, отношения между аффектом и интеллектом изменяются на протяжении детского развития. Существенным моментом единства аффекта и интеллекта является цикличность переходов их в друг в друга, которая представляется как нахождение «вне игры» и «внутри игры», а также как переход коллективного смыслообразования в индивидуальное и обратно в процессе игровой деятельности.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the game in the context of the problem of the unity of affect and intellect. In the course of the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors, it was shown that L.S. Vygotsky specially investigated the question of the unity of affect and intellect. At the same time, various aspects are presented in the problem of unity itself, depending on the chosen bases of analysis. So, considering the situation in which the play activity of children unfolds, one of the forms of the unity of affect and intellect is an experience that is conditioned by the child's understanding of the situation, depending on the development of his thinking.
Another form of understanding the unity of affect and intellect is associated with an analysis of the interaction of the dynamic characteristics of the affective and intellectual spheres of children's consciousness. At the same time, L.S. Vygotsky emphasizes that despite this unity, the relationship between affect and intellect changes throughout childhood development. An essential moment of the unity of affect and intellect is the cyclical nature of their transitions into each other, which is represented as being “outside the game” and “inside the game”, as well as the transition of collective sense formation into the individual and back in the process of play activity.
The effectiveness of highly siliceous rocks in the production of environmentally safe crop production
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Tsapkovskaya Olga
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studying the influence of copper-contaminated soil (typical medium-loamy chernozem) on the ecological safety of grain and the yield of spring wheat when using high-silicate rock - diatomite as a detoxifier. It was found that when diatomite was introduced into soil contaminated with up to 4 MPC Cu at a dose of 5 t/ha, it completely blocked the negative impact of copper on the formation of spring wheat yield. Contamination of the soil with copper up to 10 MPC Cu was accompanied by its accumulation in the grain above the control by 8-35%. The introduction of diatomite into the soil helped to reduce its accumulation in products by 17-50%. Keywords: SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH COPPER, DIATOMITE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PRODUCTS
Quality assessment of Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)-observed cloud properties using SKYNET surface observation data
Authors: Khatri Pradeep , Hayasaka Tadahiro , Irie Hitoshi , Letu Husi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Takamura Tamio
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) satellite launched on December 23, 2017, observes various geophysical parameters with the aim of a better understanding of the global climate system. As part of that aim, SGLI has great potential to unravel several uncertainties related to clouds by providing new cloud products along with several other atmospheric products related to cloud climatology, including aerosol products from polarization channels. However, a very little is known about the quality of the SGLI cloud products. This study uses data about clouds and global irradiances observed from the Earth’s surface using a sky radiometer and a pyranometer, respectively, to understand the quality of the two most fundamental cloud properties—cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud-particle effective radius (CER)—of both water and ice clouds. The SGLI-observed COD agrees well with values observed from the surface, although it agrees better for water clouds than for ice clouds, while the SGLI-observed CER exhibits poorer agreement than does the COD, with the SGLI values being generally higher than the sky radiometer values. These comparisons between the SGLI and sky radiometer cloud properties are found to differ for different cloud types of both the water and ice cloud phases and different solar and satellite viewing angles by agreeing better for relatively uniform and flat cloud type and for relatively low solar zenith angle. Analyses of SGLI-observed reflectance functions and values calculated by assuming plane-parallel cloud layers suggest that SGLI-retrieved cloud properties can have biases on the solar and satellite viewing angles, similar to other satellite sensors including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Furthermore, it is found that the SGLI-observed cloud properties reproduce global irradiances quite satisfactorily for both water and ice clouds by resembling several important features of the COD comparison, such as the better agreement for water clouds than for ice clouds and the tendency to underestimate (resp. overestimate) the COD in SGLI observations for optically thick (resp. thin) clouds.
Nitrogen restricts future sub-arctic treeline advance in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model
Authors: Gustafson Adrian , Miller Paul A. , Björk Robert G. , Olin Stefan , Smith Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Arctic environmental change induces shifts in high-latitude plant community composition and stature with implications for
Arctic carbon cycling and energy exchange. Two major components of change in
high-latitude ecosystems are the advancement of trees into tundra and the
increased abundance and size of shrubs. How future changes in key climatic
and environmental drivers will affect distributions of major ecosystem types
is an active area of research. Dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) offer a way
to investigate multiple and interacting drivers of vegetation distribution
and ecosystem function. We employed the LPJ-GUESS tree-individual-based DVM
over the Torneträsk area, a sub-arctic landscape in northern Sweden.
Using a highly resolved climate dataset to downscale CMIP5 climate data from
three global climate models and two 21st-century future scenarios (RCP2.6
and RCP8.5), we investigated future impacts of climate change on these
ecosystems. We also performed model experiments where we factorially varied
drivers (climate, nitrogen deposition and [CO2]) to disentangle the
effects of each on ecosystem properties and functions. Our model predicted
that treelines could advance by between 45 and 195 elevational metres by
2100, depending on the scenario. Temperature was a strong driver of
vegetation change, with nitrogen availability identified as an important
modulator of treeline advance. While increased CO2 fertilisation drove
productivity increases, it did not result in range shifts of trees. Treeline
advance was realistically simulated without any temperature dependence on
growth, but biomass was overestimated. Our finding that nitrogen cycling
could modulate treeline advance underlines the importance of representing
plant–soil interactions in models to project future Arctic vegetation
change.
Permafrost, active layer and meteorological data (2010–2020) from a relict permafrost site at Mahan Mountain, Northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wu Tonghua , Xie Changwei , Zhu Xiaofan , Chen Jie , Wang Wu , Li Ren , Wen Amin , Lou Peiqing , Wang Dong , Shang Chengpeng , La Yune , Wei Xianhua , Ma Xin , Qiao Yongping , Wu Xiaodong , Pang Qiangqiang , Hu Guojie
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Relict permafrost presents an ideal opportunity to understand the impacts of climatic warming on the ground thermal regime since it is characterized by mean annual ground temperature close to 0 °C and relatively thin permafrost. The long-term and continuous observations of permafrost thermal state and climate background are of great importance to reveal the links between the energy balance on hourly to annual timescales, to evaluate the variations of permafrost thermal state over multi-annual periods and to validate the remote sensing dataset. Until now there are few data available in relict permafrost regions although those data are important to understand the impacts of climate changes on permafrost especially in the boundary regions between permafrost and seasonally frozen ground regions. In this study, we present 11 years of meteorological and soil data in a relict permafrost site of the Mahan Mountain on the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The meteorological data are comprised of air and ground surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, shortwave and longwave downward and upward radiation, water vapor pressure, and precipitation on half-an-hour timescale. The active layer data include daily soil temperature and soil moisture at five different depths. The permafrost data consist of ground temperature at twenty different depths up to 28.4 m. The high-quality and long-term datasets are expected to serve as accurate forcing data in land surface models and evaluate remote-sensing products for a broader geoscientific community. The datasets are available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.271838, Wu and Xie, 2021).
Graphically interpreting how incision thresholds influence topographic and scaling properties of modeled landscapes
Authors: Theodoratos Nikos , Kirchner James W.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We examine the influence of incision thresholds on topographic and scaling properties of landscapes that follow a landscape evolution model (LEM)
with terms for stream-power incision, linear diffusion, and uniform uplift. Our analysis uses three main tools. First, we examine the graphical behavior of theoretical relationships between curvature and the steepness index (which depends on drainage area and slope). These relationships plot
as straight lines for the case of steady-state landscapes that follow the LEM. These lines have slopes and intercepts that provide estimates of
landscape characteristic scales. Such lines can be viewed as counterparts of slope–area relationships, which follow power laws in detachment-limited landscapes but not in landscapes with diffusion. We illustrate the response of these curvature–steepness index lines to changes in the values of parameters. Second, we define a Péclet number that quantifies the competition between incision and diffusion, while taking the incision threshold into account. We examine how this Péclet number captures the influence of the incision threshold on the degree of landscape dissection. Third, we characterize the influence of the incision threshold using a ratio between it and the steepness index. This ratio is a dimensionless number in the case of the LEM that we use and reflects the fraction by which the incision rate is reduced due to the incision threshold; in this way, it quantifies the relative influence of the incision threshold across a landscape. These three tools can be used together to graphically illustrate how topography and process competition respond to incision thresholds.
Identifying community values related to heat: recommendations for forecast and health risk communication
Authors: Lambrecht Kathryn , Hatchett Benjamin J. , VanderMolen Kristin , Feldkircher Bianca
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Effective communication of heat risk to public audiences is critical for promoting behavioral changes that reduce susceptibility to heat-related illness. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) provides heat-related
information to the public using social media platforms such as Facebook. We
applied a novel rhetorical framework to evaluate 5 years (2015–2019) of
public responses to heat-related Facebook posts from the NWS office in
Phoenix (Arizona) to identify “commonplaces” or community norms, beliefs,
and values that may present challenges to the effectiveness of heat risk
communication. Phoenix is in one of the hottest regions in North America and is the 10th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. We found the following two key commonplaces: (1) the normalization of heat and (2) heat as a marker of community identity. These commonplaces imply that local audiences may be resistant to behavioral change, but they can also be harnessed in an effort to promote protective action. We also found that public responses to NWS posts declined over the heat season, further suggesting the normalization of heat and highlighting the need to maintain engagement. This work provides a readily generalizable framework for other messengers of high-impact weather events to improve the effectiveness of their communication with receiver audiences.
Deformation recorded in polyhalite from evaporite detachments revealed by 40Ar ∕ 39Ar dating
Authors: Richards Lachlan , Jourdan Fred , Collins Alan Stephen , King Rosalind Clare
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Salt Range Formation is an extensive evaporite sequence in northern
Pakistan that has acted as the primary detachment accommodating Himalayan
orogenic deformation from the north. This rheologically weak formation forms
a mylonite in the Khewra Mine, where it accommodates approximately 40 km
displacement and is comprised of intercalated halite and potash salts and
gypsiferous marls. Polyhalite [K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4⚫2H2O] grains taken from potash marl and crystalline halite samples are used as geochronometers to date the formation and identify the closure temperature of the mineral polyhalite using the 40Ar/39Ar step-heating laser and furnace methods. The diffusion characteristics measured for two samples of polyhalite are diffusivity (D0), activation energy (Ea), and %39Ar. These values correspond to a closure temperature of
ca. 254 and 277 ∘C for a cooling rate of 10 ∘C Myr−1.
40Ar/39Ar age results for both samples did not return any reliable
crystallisation age. This is not unexpected as polyhalite is prone to
40Ar* diffusion loss and the evaporites have experienced numerous phases of deformation resetting the closed K/Ar system. An oldest minimum heating step age of ∼514 Ma from sample 06-3.1 corresponds relatively well to the established early Cambrian age of the formation. Samples 05-P2 and 05-W2 have measured step ages and represent a deformation event that partially reset the K/Ar system based on oldest significant ages between ca. 381 and 415 Ma. We interpret the youngest measured step ages, between ca. 286 and 292 Ma, to represent the maximum age of deformation-induced recrystallisation. Both the youngest and oldest measured step ages for samples 05-P2 and 05-W2 occur within the time of a major unconformity in the area. These dates may reflect partial resetting of the K/Ar system from meteoric water infiltration and recrystallisation during this non-depositional time. Otherwise, they may result from mixing of Ar derived by radiogenic decay after Cambrian precipitation with partially reset Ar from pervasive Cenozoic deformation and physical recrystallisation.
Model Comparisons Between Canonical Vine Copulas and Meta-Gaussian for Agricultural Drought Forecasting over China
Authors: Wu Haijiang , Su Xiaoling , Singh Vijay P. , Zhang Te , Qi Jixia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Agricultural drought is caused by reduced soil moisture and precipitation and affects the growth of crops and vegetation, and in turn agricultural production and food security. For developing measures for drought mitigation, reliable agricultural drought forecasting is essential. In this study, we developed an agricultural drought forecasting model based on canonical vine copulas under three-dimensions (3C-vine model), in which the antecedent meteorological drought and agricultural drought persistence were utilized as predictors. Besides, the meta-Gaussian (MG) model was selected as a reference model to evaluate the forecast skill. The agricultural drought in August of 2018 was selected as a case study, and the spatial patterns of 1–3-month lead forecasts of agricultural drought utilizing the 3C-vine model resembled the corresponding observations, indicating the predictive ability of the model. The performance metrics (NSE, R2, and RMSE) showed that the 3C-vine model outperformed the MG model for August under diverse lead times. Also, the 3C-vine model exhibited excellent forecast skills in capturing the extreme agricultural drought over different selected typical regions. This study may help with drought early warning, drought mitigation, and water resources scheduling.
Deep Learning Methods for Flood Mapping: A Review of Existing Applications and Future Research Directions
Authors: Bentivoglio Roberto , Isufi Elvin , Jonkman Sebastian Nicolaas , Taormina Riccardo
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Deep Learning techniques have been increasingly used in flood risk management to overcome the limitations of accurate, yet slow, numerical models, and to improve the results of traditional methods for flood mapping. In this paper, we review 45 recent publications to outline the state-of-the-art of the field, identify knowledge gaps, and propose future research directions. The review focuses on the type of deep learning models used for various flood mapping applications, the flood types considered, the spatial scale of the studied events, and the data used for model development. The results show that models based on convolutional layers are usually more accurate as they leverage inductive biases to better process the spatial characteristics of the flooding events. Traditional models based on fully-connected layers, instead, provide accurate results when coupled with other statistical models. Deep learning models showed increased accuracy when compared to traditional approaches and increased speed when compared to numerical methods. While there exist several applications in flood susceptibility, inundation, and hazard mapping, more work is needed to understand how deep learning can assist real-time flood warning during an emergency, and how it can be employed to estimate flood risk. A major challenge lies in developing deep learning models that can generalize to unseen case studies and sites. Furthermore, all reviewed models and their outputs, are deterministic, with limited considerations for uncertainties in outcomes and probabilistic predictions. The authors argue that these identified gaps can be addressed by exploiting recent fundamental advancements in deep learning or by taking inspiration from developments in other applied areas. Models based on graph neural networks and neural operators can work with arbitrarily structured data and thus should be capable of generalizing across different case studies and could account for complex interactions with the natural and built environment. Neural operators can also speed up numerical models while preserving the underlying physical equations and could thus be used for reliable real-time warning. Similarly, probabilistic models can be built by resorting to Deep Gaussian Processes.
Barriers to mainstream adoption of catchment-wide natural flood management: a transdisciplinary problem-framing study of delivery practice
Authors: Wingfield Thea , Macdonald Neil , Peters Kimberley , Spees Jack
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Natural flood management (NFM) is the name given to nature-based solutions (NBS) for flood management in the UK. It is a holistic flood management technique that employs natural hydrological processes, through the installation of interventions, to slow the flow of water, creating a landscape-scale flood management system. Despite widespread interest and supporting policy from governments and non-profit organisations, NFM, as yet, has not been widely adopted as a mainstream flood management technique. A small number of academic studies examining perceived barriers to NFM adoption have identified a variety of individual factors as being responsible. It is commonly accepted that flood risk management broadly, and NFM specifically, are complex, challenges of interacting physical and human parameters, and that academic, institutional and policy divisions are rarely sympathetic to embracing these complexities. A transdisciplinary problem-framing study in conjunction with professionals experienced in the delivery of NFM projects in the UK aimed to capture these multifaceted parameters of flood management and strategic delivery at a landscape scale using group concept mapping, a systems approach to identify conceptual convergence. This policy-delivery impasse was further explored by quantifying the relative importance of individual barriers and conceptual groupings from the perspective of two different practitioner groups (flood risk managers and conservation practitioners). The results demonstrate that the NFM delivery system can be grouped into seven interacting elements, policy and regulation, politics, public perception, cross-cutting issues, funding, technical knowledge and evidence, of which each has a varying number of barriers that limit NFM uptake. Opinions differ as to the importance of these individual barriers; however, when considering the system broadly we identify that the institutional and social barriers are
perceived as the most important, whilst technical knowledge and evidence are the areas of least concern. This paper aims to promote NBS flood management delivery in the UK and globally by generating, structuring and representing the multifaceted and multilevel NFM delivery system at a local level to evidence adaptive decision making at regional, national and global levels. Through problem structuring and an increased understanding and awareness of the structure and network of linking elements and perceived differences of practitioner groups that influence the system of delivery, steps can be taken towards solutions that are socially, scientifically and practically robust.
Optimizing a backscatter forward operator using Sentinel-1 data over irrigated land
Authors: Modanesi Sara , Massari Christian , Gruber Alexander , Lievens Hans , Tarpanelli Angelica , Morbidelli Renato , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Worldwide, the amount of water used for agricultural purposes is rising, and the quantification of irrigation is becoming a crucial topic. Because of the limited availability of in situ observations, an increasing number of studies is focusing on the synergistic use of models and satellite data to detect and quantify irrigation. The parameterization of irrigation in large-scale land surface models (LSMs) is improving, but it is still hampered by the lack of information about dynamic crop rotations, or the extent of irrigated areas, and the mostly unknown timing and amount of irrigation. On the other hand, remote sensing observations offer an opportunity to fill this gap as they are directly affected by, and hence potentially able to detect, irrigation. Therefore, combining LSMs and satellite information through data assimilation can offer the optimal way to quantify the water used for irrigation. This work represents the first and necessary step towards building a reliable LSM data assimilation system which, in future analysis, will investigate the potential of high-resolution radar backscatter observations from Sentinel-1 to improve irrigation quantification. Specifically, the aim of this study is to couple the Noah-MP LSM running within the NASA Land Information System (LIS), with a backscatter observation operator for simulating unbiased backscatter predictions over irrigated lands. In this context, we first tested how well modelled surface soil moisture (SSM) and vegetation estimates, with or without irrigation simulation, are able to capture the signal of aggregated 1 km Sentinel-1 backscatter observations over the Po Valley, an important agricultural area in northern Italy. Next, Sentinel-1 backscatter observations, together with simulated SSM and leaf area index (LAI), were used to optimize a Water Cloud Model (WCM), which will represent the observation operator in future data assimilation experiments. The WCM was calibrated with and without an irrigation scheme in Noah-MP and considering two different cost functions. Results demonstrate that using an irrigation scheme provides a better calibration of the WCM, even if the simulated irrigation estimates are inaccurate. The Bayesian optimization is shown to result in the best unbiased calibrated system, with minimal chances of having error cross-correlations between the model and observations. Our time series analysis further confirms that Sentinel-1 is able to track the impact of human activities on the water cycle, highlighting its potential to improve irrigation, soil moisture, and vegetation estimates via future data assimilation.
First Application of the Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability (IKAV) method. Potential and Actual vulnerability in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Moreno-Gómez Miguel , Martínez-Salvador Carolina , Lied Rudolf , Stefan Catalin , Pacheco Julia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Groundwater vulnerability maps are important decision support tools for water resources protection against pollution and helpful to minimize environmental damage. However, these tools carry a high subjectivity along the multiple steps taken for the development of such maps. Additionally, the theoretical models on which they are based do not consider important parameters such as pollutant concentration or pollutant residence time in a given section of the aquifer, solely focusing the analysis on a theoretical travel time from a release point towards a target. In this work, an integrated methodology for the evaluation of potential (intrinsic) and actual vulnerability is presented. This integrated method, named IKAV, was developed after the analysis of several study cases and the application of multiple intrinsic groundwater vulnerability methods in a selected study area. Also, a solute transport model served as the basis to define additional parameters for vulnerability analysis for areas severely affected by anthropogenic practices. A defined workflow and several criteria for parameters and attributes selection, rating and weighting assignment, and vulnerability classification are presented. The first application of the IKAV method was carried out in the Yucatan karst, demonstrating to be a reliable method for vulnerability estimation. Results demonstrated the scope of the IKAV method to highlight important regional conditions, minimizing the subjectivity, and expanding the analysis of vulnerability.
Increasing Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Entrepreneurial Practice Using the Project Work Model
Authors: Rofiq Ainur Rofiq
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine a learning model that can increase motivation and entrepreneurial outcomes in class XI IPS 4 MAN Sidoarjo State Madrasah Aliyah Academic Year 2019/2020 totaling 32 students. Even though the formulation of the problems in this study are, 1) How can the application of the project work model improve the learning abilities and motivation of class XI IPS-4 students to be entrepreneurial? class XI IPS-4 MAN Sidoarjo?. 3) How is the increase in student learning motivation in entrepreneurship after using the project work model of class XI IPS-4  MAN Sidoarjo? The research was carried out by a classroom action research method consisting of 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of the planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Before cycle 1 learning was carried out conventionally and in cycles 1 and 2 learning was carried out using the Project Work model. The data used in each cycle are the results of practical tests and questionnaires about learning motivation that are distributed to all students. The results show that the Project Work learning model can increase student motivation and learning outcomes. In the application of this project work method in cycle I, the results were obtained. 88.75% and cycle II was 97.14%, meaning that the application of the project work method achieved what was expected, namely 90%. Student learning outcomes have increased. cycle I amounted to 81.25% (26 students) and in cycle II became 93.75% (30 students) This means that there is an increase from cycle I to cycle II which was obtained more than 90%. Student learning motivation has increased in cycle I with score 3.54 (happy score) and up in cycle II by 4.54 (very happy score).
The Study Of Padeki Korru From Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Erna Siti , Kibtiyah Muhimatul , Madid Izzul , Yanto Supri
Published: December 2021

This study was based on the tradition of the Sumba people touching their noses when meeting, commonly called Padeki Korru, carried out against people of the same sex or the opposite sex and has been carried out from generation to generation. The purpose of this study is to find out the views of Islamic law regarding the adat tradition of Padeki Korru. This study used a qualitative approach, with 12 sources of the population of West Sumba who were Muslims, non-Muslims, and Muallaf. This research shows that the Padeki Korru Tradition is a forbidden tradition, because it is out of the sharia provisions in the prohibition of touching non-mahrams. When viewed from the point of being a form of religious tolerance and avoiding gossip that is feared will lead to conflict, the researcher directs this to the second level of emergency, namely only in a state of urgency is allowed to practice traditions
An Appraisal of Legal Education: Challenges & Prospects
Authors: Imam Dr. Syed Kaleem
Published: December 2021

This research is designed to understand the principles of legal education in Pakistan, the existing scenario, and the problems associated with it. It relates future trends needed for the improvement of higher legal education and is an effort to represent the present illustration of legal education in Pakistan and the encountered challenges. It examines the prospects and developments that can be proposed to fortify the essence of this system. Moreover, the predicaments regarding modern legal education and its foundations have been outlined along with proposals for the enhancement in the legal education system that directly influences the quality of to be lawyers. In a nutshell, this article provides explanations to enhance professional capacity in the domain of legal schooling particularly focusing on the context of Pakistan-specific regulatory bodies.
Justice Delayed or Denied: The Myth of Justice in Pakistan
Authors: Bilal Dr. Muhammad , Khokhar Farqaleet
Published: December 2021

Justice in Pakistan has become a myth and an unachievable tool. In Pakistan only the concept of delayed justice exists as the delayed justice which actually is a denied justice. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the factor causing delay in justice. There are several reasons for delayed justice including complex procedures, old and ineffective laws, attitude of judges and lawyers, and the backlog of the pending cases in the superior as well as lower judiciary of Pakistan. The article highlights the significant causes of delayed justice and elucidates how justice can be revived in Pakistan. The study investigates how the stock of pending cases is increasing day by day causing denial of justice. This article also discusses the impacts of delayed justice on society and especially on litigants. In the end this article deliberates some recommendations for revival of justice in Pakistan.
Gender-Based violence in Pakistan: Incidences, Emerging Statutes, Intrusions & Factual Strategies
Authors: Neik Ch Sehrish , Hassan Dr. Abida , Hameed Dr. Usman
Published: December 2021

This article discovers by facilitating a brief recognition of Gender-based violence (hereinafter GBV) and its impact in society as breach of human rights which administration is abandoning for years. It’s a misery for our country to lack in making good policies regarding gender disputes and social rights related to human beings. The article reconnoitres different behaviours in which women are being victimized, degree of violence, its effect on victims and society at large. The current investigation will also covers adequacy of prevailing laws for women’s safety; acquiescence by Government and to what extent Pakistan fulfils its legal pledge related to CEDAW? Moreover flaw existing in CEDAW and Pakistan’s current debate in parliament to have new regulations in this sphere is also being discussed. In the end, suggestions and recommendations are made for Government, United Nations and Global Community for applied purpose through which women can be provided legal safeguard.
Conceptualization of the Penology System under Islamic Criminal Law
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Asif , Zahoor Dr. Rashida , Baig Khurram , Habib Rao Imran
Published: December 2021

Islam propounds a culture where everybody follows the rules. Islam aims to preserve peace and tranquillity within the society and thus takes all required legal action to ensure the community against disruptive elements. The notion of retribution in Islam is not the primary law of Islam. They are only imposed as a requirement or series and a vindication of the primary structure of Islamic society. Criminal activity within the revered Islamic order of society is not condoned. Islam aims to change the world by changing its human adherents. Shariah law is focused on the individual rights of persons, but those rights only exist within a framework that stresses the rights of other people. Islam is not against the relative culpability of offenders and how circumstances regulate illegal conduct. Islam is the only religion where its laws and regulations are enforced according to a particular set of laws and regulations. Islam uses a system of proportional punishment. Islamic punishments are entirely justified because Islam takes complete steps to deter crime and inculcates offenders' moral conduct. The Islamic Criminal law has accepted several crimes by offering deterrence, reformative, retaliate and other kinds of punishments to uphold harmony in the community and rehabilitate the offenders. This paper focuses on the Islamic penology and the concept of crime and their punishment and explores its social, historical, and current value
Outcome of Fixed Dose Combination of Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir in Rural HIV Care Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Nkemakonam Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo , Nkiloka Ogbuagu Ekenechukwu , Emmanuel Okoh Emeka
Published: December 2021

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased the lifespan of people living with HIV. Currently, fixed dosed combination therapy (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir) is being introduced in most countries in the Sub- Saharan Africa. There is need for a clinical and immunological assessment of HIV patients transitioned to this new therapy over a period of 2 years.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of patients whose viral load was suppressed to <20 copies/ml following two years therapy with Dolutegravir-based fixed-dose combination therapy.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out in a Comprehensive Healthcare Centre (CHC), a facility affiliated with Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nigeria. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients whose viral load was suppressed to <20 copies/ml. The plasma viral load (HIV-RNA) assay was done using real time PCR and CD4+ T- lymphocyte (CD4+) counts were estimated using Flow Cytometry. The exclusion criteria were patients who has invalid data base and patients with comorbidities associated with HIV.
Results: A total of 537 HIV1 sero-positive patients were enrolled for ART care over a period of 2 years (2017-2018). Females in the age group (41-50 years) constituted the bulk (36.9%) of the patients whilst the least (5.3%) were males in the age group (8 to 30 years). The mean CD4 count of patients was 847.35cells/mm3. More females (45.9%) had CD4+counts over 500cells/mm3 whilst the percentage of males with CD4+ cell counts over 500cells/mm3 was 43.8%. Majority, 405 constituting 75.4% of the patients have suppressed viral load (<20 copies/ml) signifying that the centre is achieving success with respect to service delivery and ART. Patients with unsuppressed viral loads were more among Females with CD4+ counts in the range of 200-499 cells/mm3and this may be as a result of other associated factors which will be elucidated in future studies.
Conclusion: Dolutegravir-based fixed-dose combination therapy suppressed viral load to <20 copies/ml in more than 75% of patients receiving the therapy. Enhanced adherence and effective doctor-patient relationship could be associated with the viral suppression observed in this study.

Key words: Immunology, virology, HIV Outcome, Dolutegravir-based combination therapy, anti retroviral therapy.
Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding Health Implications of Body Piercing
Authors: Raju Meethu , Elizabeth Maria , Thomas Mary
Published: December 2021

vThe period of puberty to legal adulthood falls under the age group of 17-19, and the Transitional stage of physical and psychological development falls under this age. In a modern scenario the adolescents are aware of the different kind of piercing since it has been increasing popularity around the world. Piercing has a high potential for infectious complications such as pain, edema, prolonged bleeding, cyst, scar, or Keloid.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge level of adolescents regarding health implication of body piercing and to find the association between knowledge score and demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted in this study. The sample consists of 92 adolescents. The study was conducted in Father Muller Medical College, Mangaluru. A Knowledge Questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding knowledge on health implication of body piercing.
Result: The findings revealed that majority 52 (56.5%) of the adolescents had poor knowledge and 37 (40.2%) of them had an average knowledge on health implication of body piercing. Very few 3(3.3%) had good knowledge on health implication of body piercing. There exists no significant association of knowledge score with the selected demographic variables.
Interpretation and Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the adolescents have a general lack of knowledge about body piercing and its adverse effects; this causes an increased risk of adverse effects following body piercing. A health teaching on the health implications of body piercing will be very helpful for the young people to acquire knowledge and to practice accordingly.

Key words: Body piercing, Adolescents, Health Implication, Knowledge. .
Insight of Trividha Roga Ayatana (Three Principal Causes of Diseases) Mentioned in Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Yadav Sudama Singh
Published: December 2021

Disease is as old as mankind itself. Man has always tried to understand natural phenomena and attempted to give his own explanation to it. According to Ayurveda, disease is a state of the body and mind that gives pain and discomfort to us. The cause of disturbance of the normal balance between the mind and body can be external, Agantuka, or internal, Nija. It means that the internal environment of the body is at constant interaction with the outside world. Disorder occurs when these two are out of balance. Hence to change the internal environment, to bring it at balance with the external world, it is important to understand the process of disease occurrence within the mind and body state. Ayurveda provides extensive insight into the concept and process of disease. According to Ayurveda, the root cause of any disease is always the imbalance of tridoshas, or body humours which further manifests as imbalance in other body components inevitably leading to diseases. Three main causes are misuse of intellect (pragyapradha), misuse of senses (Asatmendriyartha samyoga), seasonal variations (parinama or kala).

Key words: Ayurveda, Roga, tridosha, trividha roga ayatana, pragyapradh, asatmendriyartha samyog, parinama.
Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars Restored with Glass Fiber Post under All Ceramic Crown
Authors: Adli Ameni , Gassara Yosra , Daouahi N.
Published: December 2021

Glass fiber posts and core are increasingly used in order to restore severely damaged endodontically treated teeth and particularly maxillary premolars that are prone to fracture. Their low modulus of elasticity which is similar to that of dentin allows the post to absorb stress and prevent root fracture. In addition, the glass fiber posts provide a natural hue by integrally bonding to the composite, thereby improving the aesthetics without compromising much on the strength.
Various factors are involved in the longevity of such treatment option, remaining tooth structure seems to be the most important.

Key words: glass fiber posts, premolars, endodontically treated teeth, composite resin, fracture resistance, crown, ferrule, failure .
Effectiveness of Pranayama (Yogic Breathing Exercise) on Management of Somatosensory Tinnitus: A Single Case Study
Authors: M Badariya , Balakrishnan Madhavan , Shanavas Sithara
Published: December 2021

Somatic or somatosensory tinnitus is a subtype of subjective tinnitus, in which tinnitus perception is caused by an alteration in somatosensory afference from the cervical spine or temporo-mandibular area which changes patient’s tinnitus perception in terms of loudness, pitch and localization. A 30-year-old female reported with the complaint of tinnitus, vertigo and reduced hearing sensitivity in the left ear for 7 months. Enduring low frequency annoying tinnitus flare ups with vertigo, vomiting and speech understanding difficulty every 48-72hours. Successive audiological investigations and THI score revealed mild sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear with grade 5 catastrophic handicap. Tinnitus retraining Therapy (TRT) along with pranayama (yogic exercise) was used as a treatment protocol. Nadi Shodhana (Alternate-Nostril Breath- one of the most efficient strategies for calming nerves and settling mind fluctuations) was practised twice daily and during the treatment sessions. Effectiveness of TRT combined with Yoga on a patient with severe tinnitus & accompanying issues was investigated. This treatment strategy proved to be highly effective in lowering tinnitus severity and reducing the accompanying issues with long term effectiveness. As a result, present study enlightens the possible success rate of this treatment protocol for somatosensory tinnitus and its impact on tinnitus recurrence.

Key words: Somatosensory tinnitus, TMJ, Pranayama, TRT, Catastrophic handicap.
L’apport du secteur informel pour l’économie
Authors: EL GHMARI Imad , OUKASSI Mustapha , EL GHMARI Omar
Published: December 2021

Depuis son apparition en tant que secteur informel dans le célèbre rapport de l'OIT sur le Kenya en 1972, le concept de « secteur informel » a été controversé, et la terminologie utilisée, ses origines et ses fonctions ont été discutées. Dans les premières années de son émergence, le secteur informel était considéré comme un secteur nuisible, un secteur qui violait les normes administratives et financières, et doit être éliminé rapidement. C'est un simple moteur de développement résiduel qui disparaîtra une fois que le modèle de développement aura atteint ses objectifs. Cependant, ces stratégies de développement ont rapidement mis en évidence leurs insuffisances. Et rappeler au ministère de jouer le rôle de régulateur et/ou de régulateur dans le développement économique national.
 
[1] Organisation internationale du travail
An Empirical Analysis of Firm Growth and Financial Performance of Selected Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ijeoma Okechukwu Theresa
Published: December 2021

This study empirically investigated on firm indicators and financial performance of food and beverage industry in Nigeria covering the period 2010-2019. In the course of the study, four companies namely Nigeria Breweries Plc, Guinness Nigeria Plc, Cadbury Nigeria Plc and Nestle Nigeria Plc were selected for the study. Panel data regression method was used for the method of data analysis and ex-post facto research design was adopted. Data for the study were extracted from the annual reports of the selected companies. The major findings of the study were that turn-over, retained earnings and total assets has a positive and significant effect on financial performance of the food and beverage companies in Nigeria. It is therefore the recommendation of this study that the management of food and beverage companies in Nigeria should adopt appropriate measures to ensure their turnover is maintained above par since it has effect on return on equity as seen from the findings of the study.