bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Are We Going to Do with You? Gastroenterology Service Providers’ Perception of ‘Difficult to Manage’ IBD Patients
Authors: Vallis T Michael , Greaven Sonia H , Leddin Des
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: This paper reports the results of a systematic survey of members of a clinical gastroenterology service to determine their perceptions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were deemed to function poorly and were difficult to manage clinically.

OBJECTIVES: To assess objectively the defining characteristics of this perceived subgroup of patients who are encountered in virtually all gastroenterology services.

METHODS: A sample of gastroenterologists and gastrointestinal surgeons (n=10), as well as gastrointestinal nurses (n=19), was surveyed regarding their beliefs about the characteristics of patients with IBD who they judged to be extremely ‘difficult to manage’. A survey was developed to assess patient characteristics (eg, symptom presentation, narcotic over-reliance, interpersonal behaviour and illness behaviour) and the emotional impact that this perceived patient group has on individual staff members as well as on the functioning of the gastrointestinal team.

RESULTS: The data indicated that patients with IBD who were perceived to be poorly functioning were viewed to have high levels of dysfunctional behaviour. In particular, negative behaviours (eg, manipulative interpersonal behaviours and excessive illness behaviours) were noted. Not only were these categories of behaviours high in frequency, but survey participants also rated these categories of behaviour to be highly distinct from those of typical patients with IBD. Moreover, this perceived patient group was reported to have a negative impact on individual staff and on the gastrointestinal team, and participants confirmed that they experience significant frustration and hostility when they work with these patients.

CONCLUSIONS: These data, if replicated, confirm the general clinical opinion that a small subgroup of ‘difficult to manage’ and poorly functioning patients with IBD exists. These patients appear to differ from typical patients with IBD in interpersonal characteristics more than in medical characteristics. If follow-up research, which is currently underway by the authors’ group, shows that groups of poorly functioning gastrointestinal patients and typical gastrointestinal patients actually differ in measures of illness behaviour, then novel treatment approaches to improve the clinical services that are provided to these patients can be developed.
Severe Hypercalcemia as an Initial Presenting Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ghobrial Michel William , George John , Mannam Sunitha , Henien Samia R
Published: March 2016

An 80-year-old white woman who presented with fatigue, weakness, weight loss, constipation and polydipsia is reported. The patient was given a diagnosis of severe hypercalcemia and was subsequently found to have clinical, roentgenographic and pathological evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies revealed a low parathyroid hormone level, excluding the possibility of primary hyperparathyroidism, and a negative bone survey, precluding metastatic bone disease. The patient’s hypercalcemia was believed to emanate from the humoral secretion of a parathyroid hormone-related peptide, which was found to be elevated, and was abated with conservative management while her cancer was being treated with chemotherapy. The details of this rarely documented presentation, which can easily be mistaken for hepatic encephalopathy, are provided.
Synchronous Epithelioid Stromal Tumour and Lipoma in the Stomach
Authors: Al-Brahim Nabeel , Radhi Jasim , Gately John
Published: March 2016

An 82-year-old man presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A polypoid lesion of the distal stomach with focal ulceration was seen at endoscopy. This was treated by a partial gastrectomy. The resected stomach contained two separate tumours near the pylorus: a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and an adjacent lipoma. The literature includes case reports of synchronously occurring GIST and adenocarcinoma, GIST and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and GIST and carcinoid tumour. Herein is the first case report of two distinct mesenchymal tumors coexisting in the stomach.
Optical Biopsy Using Tissue Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Nishioka Norman S
Published: March 2016

‘Optical biopsy’ or ‘optical diagnostics’ is a technique whereby light energy is used to obtain information about the structure and function of tissues without disrupting them. In fluorescence spectroscopy, light energy (usually provided by a laser) is used to excite tissues and the resulting fluorescence provides information about the target tissue. Its major gastrointestinal application has been in the evaluation of colonic polyps, in which it can reliably distinguish malignant from benign lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used in the investigation of Barrett’s epithelium (and dysplasia), although a variety of other applications are feasible. For example, OCT could assist in the identification and staging of mucosal and submucosal neoplasms, the grading of inflammation in the stomach and intestine, the diagnosis of biliary tumours and the assessment of villous architecture. OCT differs from endoscopic ultrasound, a complementary modality, in that it has a much higher resolution but lesser depth of penetration. The images correlate with the histopathological appearance of tissues, and the addition of Doppler methods may enable it to evaluate the vascularity of tumours and the amount of blood flow in varices. Refinements in these new optical techniques will likely make them valuable in clinical practice, although their specific roles have yet to be determined.
Use of Prebiotics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Szilagyi Andrew
Published: March 2016

The relevance of diet in both the pathogenesis and the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease is an evolving science. Disturbance of intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) is putatively a key element in the environmental component causing inflammatory bowel disease. Prebiotics are among the dietary components used in an attempt to counteract dysbiosis. Such predominantly carbohydrate dietary components exert effects on the luminal environment by physicochemical changes through pH alteration, by production of short chain fatty acids and by selectively promoting putatively 'health-beneficial' bacteria. The present review elaborates on some of the background rationale and mechanisms on the use of prebiotics. Additionally, published animal and human trials are discussed.
Acute Coinfection with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses
Authors: Yan Brian M , Lee Samuel S
Published: March 2016

Acute coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is rare. The few previously reported cases all describe acute HBV followed by acute HCV, leading to HBV clearance but chronic HCV. This is the first reported case of acute concurrent infection and spontaneous clearance of both HBV and HCV.
Well Differentiated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the Setting of Biliary Papillomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cox Heather , Ma Michael , Bridges Ronald , Debru Estifanos , Bathe Oliver , Sutherland Francis , Dixon Elijah
Published: March 2016

A 64-year-old man presented with long-standing, vague, epigastric abdominal pain. History, physical examination and laboratory studies were noncontributory. However, serial computed tomography scans revealed a rapidly progressive mass in segment 2 of the liver. Surprisingly, surgical pathology revealed a well-differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with biliary papillomatosis (BP). BP is a rare, benign and potentially fatal disease of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. It is typified by numerous multicentric papillary fronds arising from biliary columnar epithelium. Most patients present with symptoms of jaundice and cholangitis. Although a benign disease, a review of the literature demonstrated that BP often recurs after surgical resection, carries a poor prognosis and has a moderately high malignant transformation rate. Treatment options for BP include surgical resection, transplant, ablation, stenting and/or bypass.
Angiosarcoma of the Gallbladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Odashiro Alexandre N , Pereira Patricia Rusa , Odashiro Miiji Luciana N , Nguyen Gia-Khanh
Published: March 2016

A 62-year-old white woman with an unremarkable past medical history presented with acute cholecystitis. A cholecystectomy was performed, revealing an acute hemorrhagic and chronic cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. Two months after the operation, the patient developed a massive hemoperitoneum and died by hypo-volemic shock. At autopsy, an angiosarcoma measuring 5 cm in diameter was found in the liver, at the site of the gallbladder fossa. There were multiple hepatic, splenic, ovarian and peritoneal metastases and a massive hemoperitoneum consisting of 8 L of blood and blood clots. Review of the tissue sections from the patient's gallbladder confirmed the presence of an acute hemorrhagic and chronic cholecystitis and also revealed residual foci of an angiosarcoma. A review of eight previously reported cases of gallbladder angiosarcoma is also presented.
Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with Crohn’s Ileocolitis
Authors: Coban Sahin , Ensari Arzu , Kuzu Mehmet Ayhan , Yalcin Samet , Palabiyikoglu Murat , Ormeci Necati
Published: March 2016

Cytomegaloviral enterocolitis is an uncommon infection that can complicate inflammatory bowel disease. A case of a patient with a three-year history of Crohn's disease is reported. He had been in a stable condition on mesalamine 4 g/day and methylprednisolone 10 mg/day for three years until four weeks before admission. The patient was admitted with complaints of fever, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. A diagnosis of an exacerbation of Crohn's disease was established. The radiological examination revealed narrowing of the terminal ileum. Multiple fistulas and abscess-like images were observed. The patient then underwent ileocolic resection and ileostomy. The histopathological examination revealed Crohn's ileocolitis with superimposed cytomegalovirus infection. In patients with rapidly deteriorating inflammatory bowel disease, cytomegalovirus infection should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses.
Should Children with Esophageal Varices Receive Beta-Blockers for the Primary Prevention of Variceal Hemorrhage?
Authors: Ling Simon C
Published: March 2016

Esophageal variceal hemorrhage occurs in up to 10% of children with portal hypertension annually, and may be fatal. In contrast to the strong evidence in adults that nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonism reduces the risk of variceal bleeding by approximately 50%, few pediatric data are available. The use of beta-blockers for primary prophylaxis has been reported in children, but not tested in a randomized controlled trial. The risks and benefits in children remain unquantified and may differ from adults in light of the different cardiovascular response to hypovolemia in young children. The circumstances of the individual patient must, therefore, be carefully considered before beta-blockers are prescribed to children with esophageal varices.
Secondary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: From Podocyte Injury to Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Kim Jae Seok , Han Byoung Geun , Choi Seung Ok , Cha Seung-Kuy
Published: March 2016

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). There are two types of FSGS, primary (idiopathic) and secondary forms. Secondary FSGS shows less severe clinical features compared to those of the primary one. However, secondary FSGS has an important clinical significance because a variety of renal diseases progress to ESRD thorough the form of secondary FSGS. The defining feature of FSGS is proteinuria. The key event of FSGS is podocyte injury which is caused by multiple factors. Unanswered questions about how these factors act on podocytes to cause secondary FSGS are various and ill-defined. In this review, we provide brief overview and new insights into FSGS, podocyte injury, and their potential linkage suggesting clues to answer for treatment of the disease.
Severe Ketoacidosis Associated with Canagliflozin (Invokana): A Safety Concern
Authors: Gelaye Alehegn , Haidar Abdallah , Kassab Christina , Kazmi Syed , Sinha Prabhat
Published: March 2016

Canagliflozin (Invokana) is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor that was first introduced in 2013 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Though not FDA approved yet, its use in type 1 DM has been justified by the fact that its mechanism of action is independent of insulin secretion or action. However, some serious side effects, including severe anion gap metabolic acidosis and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), have been reported. Prompt identification of the causal association and initiation of appropriate therapy should be instituted for this life threatening condition.
Beneficial Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Levels
Authors: d’El-Rei Jenifer , Cunha Ana Rosa , Trindade Michelle , Neves Mario Fritsch
Published: March 2016

Poor eating habits may represent cardiovascular risk factors since high intake of fat and saturated fatty acids contributes to dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Thus, nutritional interventions are recognized as important strategies for primary prevention of hypertension and as adjuvants to pharmacological therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk. The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) plan is one of the most effective strategies for the prevention and nonpharmacological management of hypertension. The beneficial effects of DASH diet on blood pressure might be related to the high inorganic nitrate content of some food products included in this meal plan. The beetroot and other food plants considered as nitrate sources account for approximately 60–80% of the daily nitrate exposure in the western population. The increased levels of nitrite by nitrate intake seem to have beneficial effects in many of the physiological and clinical settings. Several clinical trials are being conducted to determine the broad therapeutic potential of increasing the bioavailability of nitrite in human health and disease, including studies related to vascular aging. In conclusion, the dietary inorganic nitrate seems to represent a promising complementary therapy to support hypertension treatment with benefits for cardiovascular health.
Polymorphisms of the DNA Methyltransferase 1 Gene Predict Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Tumorectomy
Authors: Jia Zhifang , Wu Xing , Cao Donghui , Wang Chuan , You Lili , Jin Meishan , Wen Simin , Cao Xueyuan , Jiang Jing
Published: March 2016

DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays a pivotal role in maintaining DNA methylation status. Polymorphisms ofDNMT1may modify the role of DNMT1 in prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Our aim was to test whether polymorphisms ofDNMT1gene were associated with overall survival of GC. Four hundred and forty-seven GC patients who underwent radical tumorectomy were enrolled in the study. Five tagging SNPs (rs10420321, rs16999593, rs2228612, rs2228611, and rs2288349) of theDNMT1gene were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Kaplan-Meier survival plots and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to analyze the associations between SNPs ofDNMT1and survival of GC. Patients carrying rs2228611 GA/AA genotype tended to live longer than those bearing the GG genotype (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.91,P=0.007). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that rs2228611 was an independent prognostic factor (GA/AA versus GG: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.91,P=0.010). Nevertheless, other SNPs did not show any significant associations with survival of GC. Polymorphisms of theDNMT1gene may affect overall survival of GC. The SNP rs2228611 has the potentiality to serve as an independent prognostic marker for GC patients.
Targeting Glycosphingolipid Metabolism to Treat Kidney Disease
Authors: Shayman James A.
Published: March 2016

The enhanced expression of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is a hallmark of many forms of renal disease including diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. A common feature of each of these renal disorders is the preference metabolism via aerobic glycolysis. While aerobic glycolysis is an inefficient way to generate ATP, aerobic glycolysis promotes the formation of substrates important for the production of biomass, including lipids, amino acids and nucleotides, through the pentose phosphate pathway. Two products that are essential for the synthesis of glucosylceramide and more complex GSLs are generated through the pentose phosphate pathway. These products are reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH and UDP-glucose. In experimental models of each of these disorders, inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase with eliglustat or related analogues reverses the disease phenotype suggesting that blocking GSL synthesis should be explored as a potential treatment strategy.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism: A Promising Therapeutic Approach to Treat Ischemic AKI
Authors: Barrera-Chimal Jonatan , Bobadilla Norma A. , Jaisser Frédéric
Published: March 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients. One of the leading causes of AKI is renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR). In spite of all the progress made in acquiring knowledge about the mechanisms involved in AKI, no pharmacologic approach has yet become successful in clinical trials. Recent evidence suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism may be a useful strategy to prevent or treat AKI induced by IR. Here, we summarize the experimental work that supports MR antagonism as a potential approach to treat this disease. We also review the evidence that identifies a critical mechanism participating in the sustained vasoconstriction during kidney IR and uncovers that this mechanism is targeted by MR antagonists, thus explaining their beneficial effects.
Cenas sociais e espaço de trabalho. Homologias na vida profissional de jovens de classes populares
Authors: Gutiérrez Alicia Beatriz , Assusa Gonzalo
Published: March 2016

Neste artigo, analisamos uma série de situações problemáticas em espaços de trabalho nos quais participam jovens de classes populares da cidade de Córdoba (Argentina), e mostramos múltiplas interpenetrações que ocorrem entre os diferentes âmbitos de sua vida cotidiana e o especificamente do trabalho. Retomando as noções de “esferas de valor” e “cenas sociais”, propomos uma interpretação dos deslocamentos de lógicas de ação e critérios de valor como estratégias de gestão de recursos no espaço de trabalho, possibilitados por homologias estruturais entre diversas cenas sociais (trabalho, família, escola, rua, política) e fundados na estrutura das relações de classe.
Sarcoma de Ewing/Pnet primário pré-sacral: relato de caso
Authors: Batistão Guilherme T. , Tiezzi Giovana F. M. , Salge Ana Karina M. , Abate Débora T.R.S. , Olegário Janainna G. P. , Silva Junior Edgar L. da , Pereira Antônio P. , Padulla Susimary A. T. , Silva Renata C.Rossi e
Published: March 2016

O sarcoma de Ewing é um tipo de tumor ósseo, de comportamento agressivo, que acomete principalmente indivíduos abaixo dos 30 anos e com predomínio no sexo masculino. A família de tumores de Ewing compreende um espectro de neoplasias de células neuroectodérmicas primitivas as quais são células embrionárias que migram da crista neural. Neste relato apresenta-se paciente do sexo masculino, 19 anos, admitido na emergência com quadro de lombalgia, fraqueza de membros inferiores, dificuldade de urinar e fratura de fêmur direito há um ano. Solicitada ressonância magnética da pelve e coluna lombosacra que evidenciaram lesão expansiva pré-sacral e lesões extramedulares e intradurais. Paciente submetido a exame anatomopatológico que evidenciou sarcoma de Ewing/Tumor Neuroectodérmico Primitivo. Realizado tratamento cirúrgico para descompressão medular e posterior radioterapia e quimioterapia
Cinema, Subjectivity and Society: The Seventh Art in the Production of Knowledge
Authors: Martins Eduardo De Carvalho , Imbrizi Jaquelina Maria , Garcia Maurício Lourenção
Published: March 2016

Este artigo apresenta o projeto de extensão Cinema, Subjetividade e Sociedade: A Sétima Arte na Produção de Saberes, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) – campus Baixada Santista, que utiliza a produção cinematográfica para a reflexão, questionamento, produção e aprofundamento de questões ligadas à constituição das configurações subjetivas na contemporaneidade. O projeto atua em parceria com atividades de ensino e pesquisa e com dispositivos já existentes na cidade; almeja ampliar os espaços de experimentação estética e produção epistêmica articulada com questões de ordem ética, política e existencial, de modo a oferecer um espaço itinerante de interferência no cotidiano acadêmico e fora dele. Para tanto, envolve diferentes metodologias: construção participativa de estratégias de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, de natureza qualitativa; pesquisa filmográfica e bibliográfica; produção de narrativas, material escrito e audiovisual. Também utiliza técnicas variadas: reuniões, exibição de filmes, observações participantes, debates, grupos focais e entrevistas gravadas. Os primeiros resultados evidenciam preocupação com temáticas sociais, tais como educação pública, direitos humanos e movimentos sociais, em uma vertente transdisciplinar e em parcerias com iniciativas comunitárias. Algumas conclusões preliminares apontam para a possibilidade de novos modos de produção epistêmica em articulação com a linguagem visual, pouco explorados no contexto acadêmico
Changes in the Geographic Patterns of Heart Disease Mortality in the United States
Authors: Casper Michele , Kramer Michael R. , Quick Harrison , Schieb Linda J. , Vaughan Adam S. , Greer Sophia
Published: March 2016

Background—

Although many studies have documented the dramatic declines in heart disease mortality in the United States at the national level, little attention has been given to the temporal changes in the geographic patterns of heart disease mortality.

Methods and Results—

Age-adjusted and spatially smoothed county-level heart disease death rates were calculated for 2-year intervals from 1973 to 1974 to 2009 to 2010 for those aged ≥35 years. Heart disease deaths were defined according to the
International Classification of Diseases
codes for diseases of the heart in the eighth, ninth, and tenth revisions of the
International Classification of Diseases
. A fully Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used to produce precise rate estimates, even in counties with small populations. A substantial shift in the concentration of high-rate counties from the Northeast to the Deep South was observed, along with a concentration of slow-decline counties in the South and a nearly 2-fold increase in the geographic inequality among counties.

Conclusions—

The dramatic change in the geographic patterns of heart disease mortality during 40 years highlights the importance of small-area surveillance to reveal patterns that are hidden at the national level, gives communities the historical context for understanding their current burden of heart disease, and provides important clues for understanding the determinants of the geographic disparities in heart disease mortality.
Prospects for Standardization of Audit in the Russian Federation
Authors: Кочинев  , Kochinev Yuriy , Ашрафф  , Ashraf Alio
Published: March 2016

This article contains questions on the standardization of auditor`s activities in the Russian Federation. The provisions of legislation, which regulate auditing activities in the Russian Federation and establish the procedure of auditing standards, have been analyzed. The problems, connected with the transition from the three-level system of the audit standards in the Russian Federation to the two-level, have been considered. Tendencies and perspectives of standardization of audit in the Russian Federation in connection with the transition to international standards have been identified.
EquineReview
Authors: Fiske-Jackson Andy
Published: March 2016

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers the use of triamcinolone and hyaluronan in joint disease, uterine torsion, intravenous regional limb perfusion and nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Komunitas Online : Pergeseran Terminologi Komunitas Dari Geddesian Menuju Era Informasi Dalam Konteks Perencanaan Transportasi Perkotaan
Authors: Basuki Yudi , Akbar Roos , Pradono P , Miharja Miming
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article is to explain the shift of idea in the notion of Folk to Online Communities. The methodology used is a literature review to establish the conceptual framework.There are two shift ideas, the first is the idea of Geddes, while the online community committed human activity not only in real space but also the virtual space that paved the conception of the unity of geography. The second is that the activity system concept was initiated Manheim no longer just the activities carried out in real space but also the activity is conducted in a virtual space. Concept of trip generation no longer refers to the location of the gathering of traveling performers in a particular geographic area unit. Conception of trip attraction was also no longer always refers to the city center or the center of town services but depends on the deal online community members in conducting physical meetings.
A Comparison of Salivary Steroid Levels during Diagnostic Tests for Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Dušková Michaela , Šimůnková Kateřina , Vítků Jana , Sosvorová Lucie , Jandíková Hana , Pospíšilová Hana , Šrámková Monika , Kosák Mikuláš , Kršek Michal , Hána Václav , Žánová Magdaléna , Springer Drahomíra , Stárka Luboslav
Published: March 2016

Numerous diagnostic tests are used to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). The gold standard is still considered the insulin tolerance test (ITT), but this test has many limitations. Current guidelines therefore recommend the Synacthen test first when an HPA axis insufficiency is suspected. However, the dose of Synacthen that is diagnostically most accurate and sensitive is still a matter of debate. We investigated 15 healthy men with mean/median age 27.4/26 (SD ±4.8) years, and mean/median BMI (body mass index) 25.38/24.82 (SD ±3.2) kg/m2. All subjects underwent 4 dynamic tests of the HPA axis, specifically 1 μg, 10 μg, and 250 μg Synacthen (ACTH) tests and an ITT. Salivary cortisol, cortisone, pregnenolone, and DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During the ITT maximum salivary cortisol levels over 12.5 nmol/l were found at 60 minutes. Maximum cortisol levels in all of the Synacthen tests were higher than this; however, demonstrating that sufficient stimulation of the adrenal glands was achieved. Cortisone reacted similarly as cortisol, i.e. we did not find any change in the ratio of cortisol to cortisone. Pregnenolone and DHEA were higher during the ITT, and their peaks preceded the cortisol peak. There was no increase of pregnenolone or DHEA in any of the Synacthen tests. We demonstrate that the 10 μg Synacthen dose is sufficient stimulus for testing the HPA axis and is also a safe and cost-effective alternative. This dose also largely eliminates both false negative and false positive results.
Effects of Hot and Sweet Red Peppers (Capsicum annuum) as Feed Supplements on Pigmentation, Sensory Properties and Weight Gain of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Yanar Mahmut , Büyükçapar Hakan Murat , Yanar Yasemen
Published: March 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets, including 0.5, 2 and 4.4% dried hot or sweet red pepper and a control diet without added red pepper, on pigmentation, sensory properties and weight gain of rainbow trout, with average initial weight of 60 g, for a rearing period of 80 days. Both red pepper types had similar effects on the carotenoid accumulation, weight gain and sensorial properties of the fish (P>0.05). Total carotenoid accumulation in the fish muscle increased significantly with increasing inclusion of red peppers. However, only the diet consisting of 4.4% hot or sweet red pepper provided adequate carotenoid accumulation in the fillet of the fish, that is, the desired colouration in the fish. Fish fed diets containing red peppers exhibited higher appearance and colour scores compared to control group (P<0.05). Irrespective of being hot or sweet, red pepper can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source in rainbow trout diets.
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART ) Peptide in Mammals Gastrointestinal System – A Review
Authors: Makowska Krystyna , Gonkowski Sławomir
Published: March 2016

Since its first description over 30 years ago, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide has been the subject of many studies. Most of these investigations pertain to occurrence and functions of CART within the central nervous system, where this peptide first of all takes part in regulation of feeding, stress reactions, as well as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative processes. However, in recent years more and more studies concern the presence of CART in the gastrointestinal system. This peptide has been described both in stomach and intestine, as well as in other digestive organs such as pancreas or gallbladder. Particularly much information relates to distribution of CART in the enteric nervous system, which is located within the wall of digestive tract. Other studies have described this peptide in intestinal endocrinal cells. Moreover, it is known that CART can be present in various types of neuronal cells and may co-localize with different types of other neuronal active substances, which play roles of neuromediators and/or neuromodulators. On the other hand precise functions of CART in the gastrointestinal system still remain unknown. It is assumed that this peptide is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, intestinal blood flow, secretion of intestinal juice, somatostatin and/or insulin, as well as takes part in pathological processes within the gastrointestinal tract. The large number of recent studies concerning the above mentioned problems makes that knowledge about occurrence and functions of CART in the digestive system rather piecemeal and requires clarifying, which is the aim of the present article.
Correlations between Vitelline Membrane Strength and Selected Physical Parameters of Poultry Eggs
Authors: Marzec Agata , Michalczuk Monika , Damaziak Krzysztof , Mieszkowska Arleta , Lenart Andrzej , Niemiec Jan
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the strength of vitelline membrane and its correlation with other morphological traits and the viscosity of egg yolk of different poultry species: goose, turkey, Muscovy duck, chicken, guinea fowl and Japanese quail. Vitelline membrane strength (VMS) was defined as work and force after the deformation of yolk at 6 mm. Bird species affected the VMS of egg yolk. The lowest strength was measured for the vitelline membrane of goose egg yolk. There were no apparent differences in the strength of vitelline membrane for ducks, guinea fowl, chickens and Japanese quail. In contrast, the vitelline membrane of turkey egg yolk appeared to be of the highest strength. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between VMS and yolk index, while there was no correlation between the weight of the eggs and egg yolk. The work deformation of yolk was positively correlated with the viscosity of poultry egg yolk.
From village to city through maps: historical cartographic materials as an information source on 20th century environmental changes due to urbanisation in Poland
Authors: Nieścioruk Kamil
Published: March 2016

The article presents the use of historical Polish post-war topographic maps and their usefulness in the detection and assessment of environmental changes caused by 20th century urbanisation. The case study area is the Polish city of Lublin. Two main research questions are defined and answered. The first is what kinds of maps can be used to trace environmental changes as well as to find the present-day remains of past environments and what is the reliability of these maps? Several series of topographic maps are used here together with aerial photography. The second research question is what changes can be found by comparing spatial sources and what features can be found today with the help of early maps. The main features investigated in this section are linear (road networks) and areal (orchards) supplemented with point features of various kinds (trees, wells, shrines). The quality of cartographic information is assessed and remnants of the past environment are discovered.
Sample Representation and Substantive Outcomes Using Web With and Without Incentives Compared to Telephone in an Election Survey
Authors: Lipps Oliver , Pekari Nicolas
Published: March 2016

The objective of this article is to understand how the change of mode from telephone to web affects data quality in terms of sample representation and substantive variable bias. To this end, an experiment, consisting of a web survey with and without a prepaid incentive, was conducted alongside the telephone Swiss election survey. All three designs used identical questionnaires and probability samples drawn from a national register of individuals.

First, our findings show that differences in completion rates mostly reflect different levels of coverage in the two modes. Second, incentives in the web survey strongly increase completion rates of all person groups, with the exception of people without Internet access or limited computer literacy. Third, we find voting behavior to be much closer to official figures in the web with the incentive version compared to the two other designs. However, this is partly due to the different sociodemographic compositions of the samples. Other substantive results suggest that the incentive version includes harder-to-reach respondents. Unit costs are much lower in the two web designs compared to the telephone, including when a relatively high incentive is used. We conclude that in countries with high Internet penetration rates such as Switzerland, web surveys are already likely to be highly competitive.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГЕМОЦИТОВ HARPALUS RUFIPES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) ПРИ ПИТАНИИ КОРМАМИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО И ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Reshetnyak D. Ye.
Published: March 2016

The study of morphological variability Harpalus rufipes (De Geer) hemocytes was carried out. Harpalus rufipes (De Geer) is a field polyzonal species found almost throughout the temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. Structure of the population of hemocytes was studied. We identified seven types of cells: adipohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, prohaemocytes, shperulocytes, cystocytes, and oenocytes. The effect of different plant and animal diets on linear dimensions of hemocytes and their nuclei was studied. In all samples the shperulocytes and oenocytes had the largest size; theirs large and small diameter were 18.14 ± 6.51 and 15.85 ± 5.03 µm, 17.08 ± 2.93 and 14.43 ± 2.16 µm respectively. Prohaemocytes were the smallest: 10.95 ± 2.11 and 9.59 ± 1.85 µm. Linear dimensions N1 and N2 of oenocytes, cystocytes and shperulocytes were 8.83 ± 3.13 and 6.81 ± 1.64, 8.70 ± 2.42 and 6.34 ± 1.99, 8.41 ± 3.15 and 6.71 ± 2.25 µm respectively. Among four sunflower feeding the largest size were registered for adipohemocytes, prohaemocytes, shperulocytes and oenocytes. Maximum sizes of granulocytes, plasmatocytes and cystocytes were fixed during millet and wheat feeding. The chemical composition of food intake had different effects on certain types of hemocytes, leading to increase or decrease in their size. Among six animal feeding we registered the largest size for adipohemocytes, plasmatocytes, cystocytes, and oenocytes towards Sarcophagidae sp. larvae. In all samples the largest size had shperulocytes and oenocytes. The hemocytes of imago changed their sizes insignificantly regards plant or animal food, which testifies a physiological adaptation of beetle feeding towards food items.

Key words: morphological variability, hemocytes, Harplus rufipes, feeding.

 

http://dx.doi.org/10.7905/bbmspu.v5i1.969
ВПЛИВ ГЛУТАМАТУ МАНГАНУ НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ТА ЕМБРІОГЕНЕЗ ЩУРІВ
Authors: Shtapenko O. V. , Hevkan I. I. , Slyvchuk Yu. I. , Syrvatka V. I. , Fyodorova S. V.
Published: March 2016

Pregnancy is associated with increased nutritional needs due to the physiologic changes of the female and the metabolic demands of the embryo/fetus. The use of chelating compounds with high biological activity increased the fertility of female rats by stimulation metabolism and functional activity of the reproductive system. Manganese is an essential element utilized by antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and others metalloenzymes that take part in reduction reactions, in multiple physiological processes including reproductive system. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of Mn glutamate in liposomal forms on the reproductive system and the process of embryogenesis of experimental female rat.

The study was conducted on female rats aged 2.5-3 months with body weight of 180-200 g. Rats with dated gestation were divided into three groups: two experimental and control. Female rabbits of the 1th experimental group were subcutaneous injected of 2 mg/ml for Mn glutamate in liposomal form one week before fertilization and the animals of the 2th group were obtained the same preparation during fertilization. Rats were euthanized on the twentieth day, ovariens were singled out of fiber, visual inspection and counting the number of yellow bodies were performed, absolute and relative mass indexes were determined, Mn glutamate influence index was calculated.

Experimental results showed that the administration of Mn glutamate 7 days before fertilization and during fertilization significant increased the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy (p<0,001), number of live fetuses (p<0,001) due to the decrease in general and pre-implantation embryonic mortality compared with the control group. The experimental results showed improvement in key indicators of embryonic development. We observed significant increase in the number of implanted embryos on 1 female at 10,7±0,26 and 11,3±0,21 (p<0,001) (9,4±0,16 vs. control group) and decrease of the number of resorption in the female rats treated with Mn glutamate as compared with the control group. The results suggest a beneficial effect on the course of Mn glutamate embryogenesis of experimental animals.

Key words: glutamate manganese, pregnancy, embryogenesis, liposomal preparation
ГНІЗДОВА БІОЛОГІЯ ТА ПРОСТОРОВИЙ РОЗПОДІЛ БАКЛАНА ВЕЛИКОГО (PHALACROCORAX CARBO)
Authors: Sidorenko A. I.
Published: March 2016

We studied the breeding ecology of the Great Cormorant on Obytichna spit (Prymorskyi district, Zaporizhia region) in 2015. We analyzed the dynamics of the number of cormorants, characteristics of breeding habitats, and breeding phenology since 1983. The structure of nesting colony, the size of clutches and the daily activity of the cormorants were also studied. We analyzed the breeding densities, height of trees and patern of nest location, and the size of clutches.

Keywords: Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Obytichna spit, colony structure, breeding ecology.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МІКРОЦИРКУЛЯЦІЇ КРОВІ У СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Horban D. D. , Yusupova O. V. , Sobichanska M. I. , Chorna V. G.
Published: March 2016

The experimental research included the study of the functional state of blood microcirculation by means of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Allowing to assess the condition of tissue blood flow and to detect the features of the microcirculation under different types of higher nervous activity. The obtained results showed that at most of students high-amplitude LDF was registered. Determining the characteristics of students` blood microcirculation with different types of higher nervous activity among healthy students 17-22 years showed that the prevailing strong and active types of temperament (choleric and sanguine) students hiperemichnym type of temperament. Percentage strong, but few mobile (phlegmatic) students was minimal and there was a greater number of students with hiperemichnym type of microcirculation, and the percentage weak sedentary (melancholic) type had a mean and often observed in students from normoemichnym type of blood microcirculation.

Keywords: the blood microcirculation, LDF-metry, the higher nervous activity, temperament.
СУЧАСНИЙ ГІДРОЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАН КОРОПЕЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА РІЧКИ КОРОПЕЦЬ
Authors: Khomich V. V. , Mytiai I. S.
Published: March 2016

These results of hydrochemical and hydrobiological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and ichtiofauna) modes of Koropetskiy reservoir of Koropets river were presented. According to obtained dataf it was revealed that the pond suits to fisheries standards and can effectively be used in industrial fisheries.

Keywords: hydrochemical regime, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, ichtiofauna, Koropetskiy reservoir, Koropets river

 
Stoffwechselmonitoring in kleinen und mittelgroßen Milchrindbetrieben im Emsland
Authors: Bothmann J. , Magnus F. , Hasseler W. , Kossen T. , Fürll M.
Published: March 2016

Gegenstand: Komplexe Auswertung 5-jähriger Stoffwechselanalysen in Kleinbetrieben hinsichtlich Indikationen, Durchführung und Ergebnissen.Material und Methoden: Insgesamt 793 Blutserumproben von Kühen in unterschiedlichen Laktationsstadien sowie von Färsen (122 Einsendungen aus 53 Betrieben) wurden auf die Parameter freie Fettsäuren (FFS), β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB), Cholesterol, Harnstoff, Kreatinin, Glukose, Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, Bilirubin, Leberenzyme, Kreatinkinase (CK), β-Carotin, Elektrolyte und Spurenelemente untersucht. Ergebnisse: Etwa ein Fünftel der Untersuchungen erfolgten allein zur Kontrolle des Stoffwechselstatus. Die weiteren Einsendungsgründe entsprachen den Merzungsursachen. Die FFS zeigten im Laktationsverlauf ante partum mit 56,7% die häufigsten Referenzwertabweichungen. Bis 8 Wochen post partum (p. p.) verringerte sich dieser Anteil auf 36–38% und später auf < 11%. Die BHB-Referenzwertabweichungen überschritten in der gesamten Laktation 68%. Die Harnstoffkonzentration lag in der Mittel- und Spätlaktation zu 40–50% über dem Referenzbereich. Eine Hypokalzämie trat in der 1. Woche p. p. zu 13,2% auf, eine Hypophosphatämie zu 6,6%. Für die CK wurden Referenzwertabweichungen mit einem Anteil von 60,4–90,9% ermittelt. Ein Selen- und Kupfermangel bestand zu ca. 15%. Färsen wiesen mit 21,3% häufiger als die Kühe eine Kupferunterversorgung auf. Ein β-Carotin-Mangel ergab sich ante partum zu 50% und post partum zu 47,1–77,8%. Nachteilige Referenzwertabweichungen nahmen von 2006 bis 2011 bei FFS, Harnstoff, β-Carotin und Selen zu, korrelierend mit den Milchpreissenkungen 2009 und 2010. Referenzwertabweichungen von BHB, CK, Cholesterol, Kalzium und anorganischem Phosphat blieben auf einem Niveau. In 80% der Betriebe verbesserte sich der Stoffwechselstatus im Kontrollzeitraum. Schlussfolgerung: Auch in kleineren Betrieben decken Stoffwechselscreenings peripartal frühzeitig Ursachen für die häufigsten Merzungsgründe auf und bieten Optionen für korrigierende Maßnahmen.
The minimal caloric test asymmetric response in vertigo-free migraine patients
Authors: Maranhão Eliana Teixeira , Maranhão Filho Péricles , Vincent Maurice Borges , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Vertigo symptoms and subclinical vestibular dysfunctions may occur in migraine. The Minimal Caloric Test (MCT), an easy-to-perform, convenient and yet informative procedure was used to test the vestibular function in 30 vertigo-free migraine patients outside attacks and 30 paired controls. Although not statistically significant, a right-to-left nystagmus duration asymmetry greater than 25% was present in both groups. This difference was greater in the patients group, suggesting the presence of subclinical vestibular imbalance in migraine.
Patients with essential tremor can have manual dexterity and attention deficits with no impairments in other cognitive functions
Authors: Medeiros Leonardo Mariano Inácio , Castro Pollyanna Celso Felipe de , Felício André C. , Queiros Bárbara Bernardo , Silva Sonia Maria Cesar Azevedo , Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira , Borges Vanderci
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Essential tremor (ET) was long believed to be a monosymptomatic disorder. However, studies have evidenced structural changes and attention is now being focused on non-motor symptoms. The objective of the study is to describe and compare ET patients with control groups according to their cognitive functions, and secondarily, to compare their sociodemographic characteristics and other clinical features. All participants were assessed using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale for the severity of tremor; a neuropsychological assessment battery and a screening questionnaire for mood and anxiety symptoms. There were no significant age and gender differences between all groups. As for neuropsychological assessment results, a significant difference was found only in the Pegboard test. We also found a significant negative correlation between a poorer cognitive test results and disease severity and a significant differences regarding depression or anxiety symptoms in patients with ET. The study results suggest that patients with ET have impaired manual dexterity and attention.
Clinical and neurophysiological features of the hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy due to the 17p11.2 deletion
Authors: Oliveira Aline Pinheiro Martins de , Pereira Raquel Campos , Onofre Patrícia Toscano , Marques Vanessa Daccach , Andrade Gilberto Brown de , Barreira Amilton Antunes , Marques Junior Wilson
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is an autossomal dominant disorder manifesting recurrent mononeuropathies. Objective Evaluate its clinical and nerve conduction studies (NCS) characteristics, searching for diagnostic particularities. Method We reviewed the neurological manifestations of 39 and the NCS of 33 patients. Results Family history was absent in 16/39 (41%). The onset complaints were weakness in 24, pain in 6, sensory deficit in 5 and paresthesias in 4. Pain was seen in 3 other patients. The following neuropathy patterns were found: multiple mononeuropathy (26), mononeuropathy (7), chronic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (4), chronic sensory polyneuropathy (1) and unilateral brachial plexopathy (1). NCS showed a sensorimotor neuropathy with focal conduction slowing in 31, two had mononeuropathy and another brachial plexopathy. Conclusion HNPP presentation is variable and may include pain. The most frequent pattern is of an asymmetrical sensory and motor neuropathy with focal slowing at specific topographies on NCS.