bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quantum Detectable Byzantine Agreement Protocol Using Only EPR Pairs
Authors: Andronikos Theodore , Sirokofskich Alla
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new quantum protocol for Detectable Byzantine Agreement. What distinguishes the proposed protocol among similar quantum protocols, is the fact that it uses only EPR pairs, and, in particular, |Ψ+⟩ pairs. There are many sophisticated quantum protocols that guarantee Detectable Byzantine Agreement, but they do not easily lend themselves to practical implementations, due to present-day technological limitations. For a large number n of players, |GHZ⟩n-tuples, or other more exotic entangled states, are not easy to produce, a fact which might complicate the scalability of such protocols. In contrast, Bell states are, undoubtedly, the easiest to generate among maximally entangled states. This will, hopefully, facilitate the scalability of the proposed protocol, as only EPR pairs are required, irrespective of the number n of players. Finally, we mention that, even for arbitrary many players n, our protocol always completes in a constant number of rounds, namely 4.
Evaluation of Two Self-Fitting User Interfaces for Bimodal CI-Recipients
Authors: Kliesch Sven , Chalupper Josef , Lenarz Thomas , Büchner Andreas
Published: July 2023

Smartphones are increasingly being used to enable patients to play an active role in managing their own health through applications, also called apps. The latest generation of sound processors for cochlear implants offer Bluetooth connectivity that makes it possible to connect smartphones or tablets and thus enable patients to modify their hearing sensation or measure system parameters. However, to achieve a high adoption rate and secure operation of these applications, it is necessary to design intuitive user interfaces (UI) for end users. The main goal of the current study was to evaluate the usability of two different UIs. A second goal was to compare the hearing outcomes based on the patient’s adjustments. The two different UIs were explored in a group of adult and older adult bimodal cochlear-implant users, with adjustments possible for both the cochlear implant and the contralateral hearing aid. One of the UIs comprised a classical equalizer and volume-dial approach, while the second UI followed a 2D-Surface concept, to manipulate the corresponding sound parameters. The participants changed their fitting parameters using both UIs in seven different sound scenes. The self-adjusted settings for the different scenarios were stored and recalled at a later stage for direct comparison. To enable an assessment of reliability and reproducibility, the self-adaptation was also repeated for two of the seven sound scenes. Within minutes, the participants became accustomed to the concept of both UIs and generated their own parameter settings. Both UIs resulted in settings that could be considered similar in terms of spontaneous acceptance and sound quality. Furthermore, both UIs showed high reliability in the test–retest procedure. The time required for adjustment was significantly shorter with the 2D-Surface UI. A closer look at the bimodal aspect shows that participants were able to compensate for differences in loudness and frequencies between the cochlear implant and the hearing aid. The blind comparison test showed that self-adjustment led to a higher acceptance of the sound perception in more than 80% of the cases.
Trends of Global Scientific Research on Reclaimed Coal Mine Sites between 2015 and 2020
Authors: Spasić Marko , Drábek Ondřej , Borůvka Luboš , Tejnecký Václav
Published: July 2023

Open-cast coal mining is one of the most often-debated industries in the world. Due to the significant environmental and health issues it causes, many of these sites have been reclaimed over the years, and many scientific publications and research has followed. In this paper, we have tried to assess the trends in recent research performed on reclaimed coal mining sites (RMS) by analyzing the publications visible on Web of Science (WoS) between 2015 and 2020 and dividing the research into six categories. The results show that there is a trend of rapid increase in research that deals with carbon and its pooling, nutrients, vegetation, and microbiology, and a significant decline in research on RMS soil physical properties, whereas other categories have shown an increasing but relatively steady trend. The application of modern technologies is also discussed. China, the USA, and India are the countries that quantitatively take the lead in coal RMS research, with India slowly overtaking the US in more recent years.
Flaw Size Quantification for Cable Flaw Inspection System with Inductive Search Coil Sensor
Authors: Fang Zehao , Zhao Min , Ding Ning , Qian Huihuan
Published: July 2023

Bridge cables are commonly used in bridge construction, and assessing their condition is crucial for ensuring bridge safety. However, current inspection methods often rely on large and heavy detection mechanical structures, which can be inconvenient during the inspection process. In light of these limitations, this paper proposes a portable non-destructive inspection method for bridge cables that detects the total magnetic flux variations utilizing an inductive search coil sensor. The occurrence of corrosion and cracks in bridge cables leads to changes in their original sectional area and permeability. These changes result in variations in the induced current that is excited by the coil, leading to distortions in both the magnetic field energy and the coil’s self-inductance. Thus, cable damage can be detected inversely by monitoring coil self-inductance variation. To assess the feasibility of this method, a numerical analysis is conducted, and an experimental structure is designed using a mock-up cable specimen with parallel steel wires that have varying degrees of damage. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which utilizes an inductive search coil sensor, intuitively identifies and quantifies internal flaws on the cable in real-time while maintaining a lightweight structure. The width and amplitude of the coil inductive response show a positive correlation with the flaw’s axial length and cross-sectional area, indicating that these parameters can be utilized to quantify the size of the flaw.
An Analytic Solution for 2D Heat Conduction Problems with Space–Time-Dependent Dirichlet Boundary Conditions and Heat Sources
Authors: Hsu Heng-Pin , Chang Jer-Rong , Weng Chih-Yuan , Huang Chun-Jung
Published: July 2023

This study proposes a closed-form solution for the two-dimensional (2D) transient heat conduction in a rectangular cross-section of an infinite bar with space–time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions and heat sources. The main purpose of this study is to eliminate the limitations of the previous study and add heat sources to the heat conduction system. The restriction of the previous study is that the values of the boundary conditions and initial conditions at the four corners of the rectangular region should be zero. First, the boundary value problem of 2D heat conduction system is transformed into a dimensionless form. Second, the dimensionless temperature function is transformed so that the temperatures at the four endpoints of the boundary of the rectangular region become zero. Dividing the system into two one-dimensional (1D) subsystems and solving them by combining the proposed shifting function method with the eigenfunction expansion theorem, the complete solution in series form is obtained through the superposition of the subsystem solutions. Three examples are studied to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the method. For convenience, the space–time-dependent functions used in the examples are considered separable in the space–time domain. The linear, parabolic, and sine functions are chosen as the space-dependent functions, and the sine, cosine, and exponential functions are chosen as the time-dependent functions. The solutions in the literature are used to verify the correctness of the solutions derived using the proposed method, and the results are completely consistent. The parameter influence of the time-dependent function of the boundary conditions and heat sources on the temperature variation is also investigated. The time-dependent function includes exponential type and harmonic type. For the exponential time-dependent function, a smaller decay constant of the time-dependent function leads to a greater temperature drop. For the harmonic time-dependent function, a higher frequency of the time-dependent function leads to a more frequent fluctuation of the temperature change.
Application of Polling Scheduling in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Wang Xiong , Yang Zhijun , Ding Hongwei
Published: July 2023

With the Internet of Things (IoT) development, there is an increasing demand for multi-service scheduling for Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). We propose using polling for scheduling in edge computing to accommodate multi-service scheduling methods better. Given the complexity of asymmetric polling systems, we have used an information-theoretic approach to analyse the model. Firstly, we propose an asymmetric two-level scheduling approach with priority based on a polling scheduling approach. Secondly, the mathematical model of the system in the continuous time state is established by using the embedded Markov chain theory and the probability-generating function. By solving for the probability-generating function’s first-order partial and second-order partial derivatives, we calculate the exact expressions of the average queue length, the average polling period, and the average delay with an approximate analysis of periodic query way. Finally, we design a simulation experiment to verify that our derived parameters are correct. Our proposed model can better differentiate priorities in MEC scheduling and meet the needs of IoT multi-service scheduling.
An Introduction to Diopatra, the Amazing Ecosystem Engineering Polychaete
Authors: Arias Andrés , Woodin Sarah A. , Paxton Hannelore
Published: July 2023

The annelid genus Diopatra occurs in all major oceans but is best represented in the shallow depths of warmer waters, where it lives in elaborately decorated tubes. This paper provides an introduction to the animals, discussing their history and diversity. We describe and illustrate its morphology and geographic distribution. While they were thought to be predominantly gonochoristic, recent reproductive studies show that several species are protandric simultaneous hermaphrodites. Development is by broadcast spawning with a brief pelagic stage or direct development in the parental tube or egg mass attached to it. Diopatra is a key ecosystem engineer, altering water flow and deposition and increasing the availability of refugia. We also discuss its harvesting as fishing bait, its role as an alien or introduced species, its capacity to regenerate, its therapeutic potential, and its applications as a bioindicator species for climate change, geographic distribution changes, and dispersal.
Histamine and Its Receptors in the Mammalian Inner Ear: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kong Lingyi , Domarecka Ewa , Szczepek Agnieszka J.
Published: July 2023

Background: Histamine is a widely distributed biogenic amine with multiple biological functions mediated by specific receptors that determine the local effects of histamine. This review aims to summarize the published findings on the expression and functional roles of histamine receptors in the inner ear and to identify potential research hotspots and gaps. Methods: A search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID EMBASE was performed using the keywords histamine, cochlea*, and inner ear. Of the 181 studies identified, 18 eligible publications were included in the full-text analysis. Results: All four types of histamine receptors were identified in the mammalian inner ear. The functional studies of histamine in the inner ear were mainly in vitro. Clinical evidence suggests that histamine and its receptors may play a role in Ménière’s disease, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. The effects of histamine on hearing development remain unclear. Conclusions: Existing studies have successfully determined the expression of all four histamine receptors in the mammalian inner ear. However, further functional studies are needed to explore the potential of histamine receptors as targets for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
Brain Plasticity Profiling as a Key Support to Therapeutic Decision-Making in Low-Grade Glioma Oncological Strategies
Authors: Ng Sam , Duffau Hugues
Published: July 2023

The ability of neural circuits to compensate for damage to the central nervous system is called postlesional plasticity. In diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), a crosstalk between the brain and the tumor activates modulations of plasticity, as well as tumor proliferation and migration, by means of paracrine and electrical intercommunications. Such adaptative mechanisms have a major impact on the benefits and risks of oncological treatments but are still disregarded by current neuro-oncological guidelines. In this review, the authors first aimed to highlight clinical, radiological, and oncological markers that robustly reflect the plasticity potentials and limitations in LGG patients, including the location of the tumor and the degree of critical white matter tract infiltration, the velocity of tumor expansion, and the reactional changes of neuropsychological performances over time. Second, the interactions between the potential/limitations of cerebral plasticity and the efficacy/tolerance of treatment options (i.e., surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) are reviewed. Finally, a longitudinal and multimodal treatment approach accounting for the evolutive profiles of brain plasticity is proposed. Such an approach integrates personalized predictive models of plasticity potentials with a step-by-step therapeutic decision making and supports onco-functional balanced strategies in patients with LGG, with the ultimate aim of optimizing overall survival and quality of life.
Telemedicine in Care of Sarcoma Patients beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Trygonis Nikolaos , Spyrou Vasiliki , Koulouris Andreas
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenging environment for sarcoma patients. Most oncology societies published guidelines or recommendations prioritizing sarcoma patients and established telehealth as an efficient method of approaching them. The aim of this review is the assessment of current evidence regarding the utilization of telemedicine in diagnosis, treatment modalities, telerehabilitation and satisfaction among sarcoma patients and healthcare providers (HP). Methods: This systematic review was carried out using the databases PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: The application of telemedicine to the management of sarcoma has yielded improved clinical and psychological outcomes. Specifically, significant progress has been demonstrated in the areas of tele-oncology and telerehabilitation during the last decade, and the COVID-19 outbreak has accelerated this transition toward them. Telehealth has been proven efficient in a wide spectrum of applications from consultations on physical therapy and psychological support to virtual care symptom management. Both HP and patients reported satisfaction with telehealth services at levels comparable to in-person visits. Conclusions: Telehealth has already unveiled many opportunities in tailoring individualized care, and its role in the management of sarcoma patients has been established in the post-COVID-19 era, as well.
Iron-Borophosphate Glass-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrothiolation of Alkynes under Green Conditions
Authors: Catholico Nicoli , Tessari Eduarda A. , Granja Isis J. A. , de Sousa Martinho J. A. , Felix Jorlandio F. , Manarin Flávia , Godoi Marcelo , Rafique Jamal , Schneider Ricardo , Saba Sumbal , Botteselle Giancarlo V.
Published: July 2023

Vinyl sulfides are an important class of organic compounds that have relevant synthetic and biological applications. The best-known approach to realize these compounds is the hydrothiolation of alkynes under different conditions using metals, toxic and carcinogenic solvents. The development of new catalysts using materials that are environmentally friendly, low in cost, and easy to handle is highly desirable for this reaction. In this regard, glasses have become an important class of materials, since they can be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. We prepared and characterized an inexpensive and robust iron-doped borophosphate glass (Fe@NaH2PO4-H3BO3 glass). This eco-friendly material was successfully applied as a catalyst for the hydrothiolation of alkynes under solvent-free conditions, affording the desired vinyl sulfides in good-to-excellent yields, with high stereoselectivity. This method of synthesis is attractive because it enables the reuse of the iron-glass catalyst and the scaling up of reactions.
Polymer-Grafted 3D-Printed Material for Enzyme Immobilization—Designing a Smart Enzyme Carrier
Authors: Eixenberger Daniela , Kumar Aditya , Klinger Saskia , Scharnagl Nico , Dawood Ayad W. H. , Liese Andreas
Published: July 2023

One way to enhance the flow properties of packed bed reactors, including efficient mass transfer and high catalyst conversion rates, is the use of 3D printing. By creating optimized structures that prevent channeling and high pressure drops, it is possible to achieve the desired target. Nevertheless, additively manufactured structures most often possess a limited surface-area-to-volume-ratio, especially as porous printed structures are not standardized yet. One way to achieve surface-enhanced 3D-printed structures is surface modification to introduce surface-initiated polymers. In addition, when stimuli-sensitive polymers are chosen, autonomous process control is prospective. The current publication deals with the application of surface-induced polymerization on 3D-printed structures with the subsequent application as an enzyme carrier. Surface-induced polymerization can easily increase the number of enzymes by a factor of six compared to the non-modified 3D-printed structure. In addition, the swelling behavior of polyacrylic acid is proven, even with immobilized enzymes, enabling smart reaction control. The maximum activity of Esterase 2 (Est2) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius per g carrier, determined after 2 h of polymer synthesis, is 0.61 U/gsupport. Furthermore, universal applicability is shown in aqueous and organic systems, applying an Est2 and Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) catalyzed reaction and leaving space for improvement due to compatibility of the functionalization process and the here chosen organic solvent. Overall, no enzyme leaching is detectable, and process stability for at least five subsequent batches is ensured.
Educational Scale-Bridging Approach towards Modelling of Electric Potential, Electrochemical Reactions, and Species Transport in PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Kregar Ambrož , Zelič Klemen , Kravos Andraž , Katrašnik Tomaž
Published: July 2023

The use of hydrogen fuel cells as a mobile source of electricity could prove key to the future decarbonisation of heavy-duty road and marine transportation. Due to the complex interplay of various physicochemical processes in fuel cells, further development of these devices will depend on concerted efforts by researchers from various fields, who often lack in-depth knowledge of different aspects of fuel cell operation. These knowledge gaps can be filled by information that is scattered in a wide range of literature, but is rarely covered in a concise and condensed manner. To address this issue, we propose an educational-scale-bridging approach towards the modelling of most relevant processes in the fuel cell that aims to adequately describe the causal relations between the processes involved in fuel cell operation. The derivation of the model equations provides an intuitive understanding of the electric and chemical potentials acting on protons at the microscopic level and relates this knowledge to the terminology commonly used in fuel cell research, such as catalyst electric overpotential and internal membrane resistance. The results of the model agreed well with the experimental data, indicating that the proposed simple mathematical description is sufficient for an intuitive understanding of fuel cell operation.
A New Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate Enhances Its Unusual 1,3-Propanediol Generation from Glycerol in Bioelectrochemical System
Authors: Narcizo Julia Pereira , Mancilio Lucca Bonjy Kikuti , Pedrino Matheus , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia , de Andrade Adalgisa Rodrigues , Reginatto Valeria
Published: July 2023

The ability of some bacteria to perform Extracellular Electron Transfer (EET) has been explored in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) to obtain energy or chemicals from pure substances or residual substrates. Here, a new pyoverdine-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was isolated from an MFC biofilm oxidizing glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production. Strain EL14 was investigated to assess its electrogenic ability and products. In an open circuit system (fermentation system), EL14 was able to consume glycerol and produce 1,3-propanediol, an unusual product from glycerol oxidation in P. aeruginosa. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) EL14 reached a current density of 82.4 mA m−2 during the first feeding cycle, then dropped sharply as the biofilm fell off. Cyclic voltammetry suggests that electron transfer to the anode occurs indirectly, i.e., through a redox substance, with redox peak at 0.22 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and directly probably by membrane redox proteins, with redox peak at 0.05 V (vs Ag/AgCl). EL14 produced added-value bioproducts, acetic and butyric acids, as well as 1,3 propanediol, in both fermentative and anodic conditions. However, the yield of 1,3-PDO from glycerol was enhanced from 0.57 to 0.89 (mol of 1,3-PDO mol−1 of glycerol) under MFC conditions compared to fermentation. This result was unexpected, since successful 1,3-PDO production is not usually associated with P. aeruginosa glycerol metabolism. By comparing EL14 genomic sequences related to the 1,3-PDO biosynthesis with P. aeruginosa reference strains, we observed that strain EL14 has three copies of the dhaT gene (1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase a different arrangement compared to other Pseudomonas isolates). Thus, this work functionally characterizes a bacterium never before associated with 1,3-PDO biosynthesis, indicating its potential for converting a by-product of the biodiesel industry into an emerging chemical product.
Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Intervention Effect of Sophora subprostrate Polysaccharide on Inflammation in PCV2 Infected Murine Splenic Lymphocytes
Authors: Zhao Yi , Jia Nina , Xie Xiaodong , Chen Qi , Hu Tingjun
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Sophora subprostrate, is the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Sophora subprostrate polysaccharide (SSP1) was extracted from Sophora subprostrate, which has shown good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Previous studies showed SSP1 could modulate inflammatory damage induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in murine splenic lymphocytes, but the specific regulatory mechanism is unclear. (2) Methods: Whole transcriptome analysis was used to characterize the differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA in PCV2-infected cells and SSP1-treated infected cells. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and other analyses were used to screen for key inflammation-related differentially expressed genes. The sequencing results were verified by RT-qPCR, and western blot was used to verify the key protein in main enriched signal pathways. (3) Results: SSP1 can regulate inflammation-related gene changes induced by PCV2, and its interventional mechanism is mainly involved in the key differential miRNA including miR-7032-y, miR-328-y, and miR-484-z. These inflammation-related genes were mainly enriched in the TNF signal pathway and NF-κB signal pathway, and SSP1 could significantly inhibit the protein expression levels of p-IκB, p-p65, TNF-α, IRF1, GBP2 and p-SAMHD1 to alleviate inflammatory damage. (4) Conclusions: The mechanism of SSP1 regulating PCV2-induced murine splenic lymphocyte inflammation was explored from a whole transcriptome perspective, which provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of SSP1.
Study on Efficient Dephosphorization in Converter Based on Thermodynamic Calculation
Authors: Wang Zhong-Liang , Song Tian-Le , Zhao Li-Hua , Bao Yan-Ping
Published: July 2023

Given the accelerating depletion of iron ore resources, there is growing concern within the steel industry regarding the availability of high-phosphorus iron ore. However, it is important to note that the utilization of high-phosphorus iron ore may result in elevated phosphorus content and notable fluctuations in molten iron, thereby imposing additional challenges on the dephosphorization process in steelmaking. The most urgent issue in the process of converter steelmaking is how to achieve efficient dephosphorization. In this study, the influence of various factors on the logarithm of the phosphorus balance distribution ratio (lgLp), the logarithm of the P2O5 activity coefficient (lgγP2O5), and the logarithm of the phosphorus capacity (lgCp) were examined through thermodynamic calculations. The impact of each factor on dephosphorization was analyzed, and the optimal conditions for the dephosphorization stage of the converter were determined. Furthermore, the influence of basicity and FetO content on the form of phosphorus in the slag was analyzed using FactSage 7.2 software, and the precipitation rules of the slag phases were explored. The thermodynamic calculation results indicated that increasing the basicity of the dephosphorization slag was beneficial for dephosphorization, but it should be maintained below 3. The best dephosphorization effect was achieved when the FetO content was around 20%. The reaction temperature during the dephosphorization stage should be kept low, as the dephosphorization efficiency decreased sharply with the increasing temperature. In dephosphorization slag, Ca3(PO4)2 usually formed a solid solution with Ca2SiO4, so the form of phosphorus in the slag was mainly determined by the precipitation form and content of Ca2SiO4. The phases in the dephosphorization slag mainly consisted of a phosphorus-rich phase, an iron-rich phase, and a matrix phase. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were consistent with the thermodynamic calculation results.
Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: The Modern Psycho-Oncologic Approach for Romania—A Review
Authors: Licu Monica , Ionescu Claudiu Gabriel , Paun Sorin
Published: July 2023

Quality of life (QOL) is an important indicator of human satisfaction and well-being. QOL is significantly and persistently affected for patients after a cancer diagnosis. Despite some evidence suggesting that psycho-oncologic interventions can provide lasting benefits, the inclusion of such interventions in cancer therapy is not universal. This article provides an overview of the known approaches to the evaluation of QOL in cancer patients and various interventions for improving patients’ outcomes, with a focus on the eastern European regional and specific Romanian context. With a mortality rate above and cancer care performance below the EU average and unequally distributed, Romania urgently needs a national coordination program, which is discussed in our review, highlighting the main psychological tools needed for the assessment and the challenges involved in implementing the program. In the end, we suggest some directions for the future development of the psycho-oncologic approach in the context of social considerations, policy, and the unexpected financial challenges the nation provides.
Knowledge Discovery and Dataset for the Improvement of Digital Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Nilaphruek Pongpon , Charoenporn Pattama
Published: July 2023

For over two decades, scholars and practitioners have emphasized the importance of digital literacy, yet the existing datasets are insufficient for establishing learning analytics in Thailand. Learning analytics focuses on gathering and analyzing student data to optimize learning tools and activities to improve students’ learning experiences. The main problem is that the ICT skill levels of the youth are rather low in Thailand. To facilitate research in this field, this study has compiled a dataset containing information from the IC3 digital literacy certification delivered at the Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT) in Thailand between 2016 and 2023. This dataset is unique since it includes demographic and academic records about undergraduate students. The dataset was collected and underwent a preparation process, including data cleansing, anonymization, and release. This data enables the examination of student learning outcomes, represented by a dataset containing information about 45,603 records with students’ certification assessment scores. This compiled dataset provides a rich resource for researchers studying digital literacy and learning analytics. It offers researchers the opportunity to gain valuable insights, inform evidence-based educational practices, and contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve digital literacy education in Thailand and beyond.
Bronchial Microbiota and the Stress Associated with Invasive Diagnostic Tests in Lung Cancer vs. Benign Pulmonary Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hogea Patricia , Tudorache Emanuela , Fira-Mladinescu Ovidiu , Pescaru Camelia , Manolescu Diana , Bratosin Felix , Rosca Ovidiu , Kakarla Manaswini , Horhat Florin George , Oancea Cristian
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to compare the bronchial microbiota of patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary diseases undergoing bronchoscopy, and to assess the stress levels associated with invasive diagnostic lung tests. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Victor Babes” Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology in Timisoara, Romania. A total of 33 patients with histologically diagnosed bronchopulmonary cancer and 33 control patients with benign lung pathologies underwent bronchoscopy. Bronchial microbiota was analyzed by multiplex PCR, culture media, and cytology. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the ECOG performance status scale, Karnofsky scale, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and HADS questionnaires. There were no significant differences in the presence of common microbial species between the two groups, except for Acinetobacter spp. Which was identified in 15.2% of patients with lung cancer and 0.0% in the control group, Candida spp. Was more prevalent in the benign group (24.2% vs. 6.1%), and the Parainfluenza virus was detected only in the malignant group (21.1% vs. 0.0%). Cytology results showed a higher prevalence of atypical and tumoral cells in the malignant group (39.4% and 30.0%, respectively), as well as higher lymphocyte levels in the benign group (69.7% vs. 24.2%). Patients with lung cancer had significantly lower performance status on the ECOG scale (2.34 vs. 1.92), lower Karnofsky scores (71.36 vs. 79.43), and higher GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores at the initial evaluation compared to the benign group. At the 90-day follow-up, ECOG and Karnofsky scores remained significantly different from the initial evaluation, but only GAD-7 scores showed a significant difference between the two groups. There were differences in the bronchial microbiota between patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases, with a higher prevalence of Candida spp. in the benign group and exclusive detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Parainfluenza virus in the malignant group. Patients with lung cancer exhibited higher stress levels, more severe anxiety, and depression symptoms, which persisted during follow-up. Further research is needed to understand the role of bronchial microbiota in lung cancer and the impact of stress on patient outcomes.
Physical Functional Ability and Quantitative Assessment of the Multifidus Muscle of the Lumbar Spine in the Elderly
Authors: Yun Jung Hae , Lee Dong Gyu
Published: July 2023

Aging is associated with muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle. The multifidus muscle stabilizes the lumbar spine and undergoes adipose accumulation with age, leading to functional decline in the elderly. Therefore, quantitative assessment of the multifidus muscle can be beneficial for the elderly when formulating treatment strategies and reducing future complications. Fifty-seven patients (mean age, 73.89 ± 6.09; 23 male patients) who underwent lumbar Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively recruited. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus from the L2-S1 level and the CSA of the L4-5 level psoas muscle were measured. The functional CSA (fCSA) of the multifidus muscle was measured by excluding the fat infiltration area from the multifidus CSA. The CSA to fCSA ratio was obtained by multiplying 100 by the value obtained by dividing CSA by the fCSA. Pfrrmann classification was used to evaluate the degree of disc degeneration. The functional disability measurements were the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), grip strength, and functional reach test (FRT). Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the functional disability measurements and the multifidus muscle. The CSA to fCSA ratio value was relatively constant at each spine level and showed a significant correlation with the SPPB, grip strength, FRT, and psoas index (p < 0.05). However, degree of disc and multifidus muscle degeneration was not statistically significant. So, age-related changes play a significant role in developing back muscle fatty infiltration than disc degeneration. Moreover, Grip strength showed a stronger relationship with the quality of the multifidus muscle than other functional disability measurements.
Machine-Learning-Based Diagnostics of Cardiac Sarcoidosis Using Multi-Chamber Wall Motion Analyses
Authors: Eckstein Jan , Moghadasi Negin , Körperich Hermann , Akkuzu Rehsan , Sciacca Vanessa , Sohns Christian , Sommer Philipp , Berg Julian , Paluszkiewicz Jerzy , Burchert Wolfgang , Piran Misagh
Published: July 2023

Background: Hindered by its unspecific clinical and phenotypical presentation, cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains a challenging diagnosis. Objective: Utilizing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), we acquired multi-chamber volumetrics and strain feature tracking for a support vector machine learning (SVM)-based diagnostic approach to CS. Method: Forty-five CMR-negative (CMR(−), 56.5(53.0;63.0)years), eighteen CMR-positive (CMR(+), 64.0(57.8;67.0)years) sarcoidosis patients and forty-four controls (CTRL, 56.5(53.0;63.0)years)) underwent CMR examination. Cardiac parameters were processed using the classifiers of logistic regression, KNN(K-nearest-neighbor), DT (decision tree), RF (random forest), SVM, GBoost, XGBoost, Voting and feature selection. Results: In a three-cluster analysis of CTRL versus vs. CMR(+) vs. CMR(−), RF and Voting classifier yielded the highest prediction rates (81.82%). The two-cluster analysis of CTRL vs. all sarcoidosis (All Sarc.) yielded high prediction rates with the classifiers logistic regression, RF and SVM (96.97%), and low prediction rates for the analysis of CMR(+) vs. CMR(−), which were augmented using feature selection with logistic regression (89.47%). Conclusion: Multi-chamber cardiac function and strain-based supervised machine learning provides a non-contrast approach to accurately differentiate between healthy individuals and sarcoidosis patients. Feature selection overcomes the algorithmically challenging discrimination between CMR(+) and CMR(−) patients, yielding high accuracy predictions. The study findings imply higher prevalence of cardiac involvement than previously anticipated, which may impact clinical disease management.
Towards the Designing of Low-Latency SAGIN: Ground-to-UAV Communications over Interference Channel
Authors: Arya Sudhanshu , Yang Jingda , Wang Ying
Published: July 2023

We present a novel and first-of-its-kind information-theoretic framework for the key design consideration and implementation of a ground-to-unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (G2U) communication network with an aim to minimize end-to-end transmission delay in the presence of interference in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN). To characterize the transmission delay, we utilize Fano’s inequality and derive the tight upper bound for the capacity for the G2U uplink channel in the presence of interference, noise, and potential jamming. In addition, as a function of the location information of the UAV, a tight lower bound on the transmit power is obtained subject to the reliability constraint and the maximum delay threshold. Furthermore, a relay UAV in the dual-hop relay mode, with amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, is considered, for which we jointly obtain the optimal positions of the relay and the receiver UAVs in the presence of interference, with straight-line, circular, and helical trajectories as UAV tracing. Interestingly, increasing the power gives a negligible gain in terms of delay minimization, though may greatly enhance the outage performance. Moreover, we prove that there exists an optimal height that minimizes the end-to-end transmission delay in the presence of interference. We show the interesting result of the delay analysis. In particular, it is shown that receiver location and the end-to-end signal-to-noise power ratio play a critical role in end-to-end latency. For instance, with the transmitter location fixed to (0, 0, 0) and the interferer location set to (0, 500 m, 0), the latency generally increases with increasing the receiver’s vertical height (z-axis). With the receiver’s horizontal coordinates, i.e., (xR, yR) set to (0, 0) reducing the receiver’s height from 200 m to 50 m decreases the delay latency (codeword length) by more than 30% for an interference-limited channel. Whereas, for an interference channel with a signal-to-noise power ratio equal to 30 dB, the latency decreases by approximately 2%. The proposed framework can be used in practice by a network controller as a system parameters selection criteria, where among a set of parameters, the parameters leading to the lowest transmission latency can be incorporated into the transmission. The based analysis further set the baseline assessment when applying Command and Control (C2) standards to mission-critical G2U and UAV-to-UAV (U2U) services.
“It Ain’t What You Use, It’s the Way That You Use It”: How Virtual Learning Environments May Impact Student Mental Wellbeing
Authors: Rakow Katie E. , Upsher Rebecca J. , Foster Juliet L. H. , Byrom Nicola C. , Dommett Eleanor J.
Published: July 2023

Concerns about university students’ mental wellbeing have been rising and various studies have attempted to unpick the factors that could impact their wellbeing. This focus group study explored the impact that virtual learning environments (VLEs) may have on undergraduate students’ mental wellbeing. Forty-four undergraduate students from on-campus courses at three UK universities participated in 12 focus groups in 2020. Using reflexive thematic analysis with an inductive approach, three themes were generated: (1) lecturer VLE-use supports or undermines students’ mental wellbeing; (2) access to the VLE affects students’ productivity, academic performance, and mental wellbeing; and (3) students’ mindset towards the VLE impacts their studies and mental wellbeing. The dominant pattern across the data set was that the way lecturers used the VLE impacted students’ motivation, ability to think clearly about their studies, and could provoke strong emotions. We discuss how the mechanisms described in self-determination theory and the technology acceptance model might explain how the VLE could impact student mental wellbeing.
Application of Signal Denoising Technology Based on Improved Spectral Subtraction in Arc Fault Detection
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Li Jiacheng , Lu Shouxiang
Published: July 2023

In the research of fault arc detection technology, proper signal denoising can greatly improve the recognition ability of the arc fault detection algorithm. Therefore, this study proposes a current signal enhancement algorithm based on improved spectral subtraction from the statistical law of electrical noise in a low-voltage distribution system and the principle of the arc fault detection algorithm. According to the results of the arc fault detection algorithm, the algorithm selects an appropriate reference current as the basis for noise estimation and further assumes that the types and quantities of power loads are relatively fixed and the current noise is relatively stable in a certain power consumption period in the same power consumption place, so as to obtain the current noise in the current power consumption environment, and then uses improved spectral subtraction to realize the real-time noise reduction of current signals required by the arc fault detection algorithm. The experimental results show that this method and the arc fault detection algorithm complement each other, and the processing of current signal is more targeted, which can make the selected arc fault characteristics more different between the normal state and fault state, eliminate the interference of high-frequency clutter in current signal on arc fault characteristics and greatly improve the sensitivity of the original detection algorithm on the premise of unchanged detection reliability.
Calculation Method of DC Fault Overvoltage Peak Value for Multi-Send HVDC Systems with Wind Power
Authors: Li Fan , Liu Dong , Han Xiaonan , Qin Boyu , Liu Zhongjian , Yu Haoyang , Zhang De , Su Xiaofan , Wang Mingjie
Published: July 2023

Commutation failure (CF) and DC blocking (DCB) faults are common occurrences in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and their impact on the power grid can be significant due to sudden power fluctuations. These issues pose particular challenges in multi-send HVDC systems due to the intricate interaction between AC and DC components. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the peak overvoltage at the converter bus resulting from DC faults in multi-send HVDC systems. The proposed method comprehensively considers the influence of DC/DC coupling and wind turbine low-voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristics on overvoltage. It offers a straightforward approach to calculate the peak overvoltage following a DC fault without the need for complex modeling or dynamic simulation software. By leveraging the equivalent parameters of the AC system and operational parameters of the DC system, the method effectively quantifies the overvoltage. The primary objective of this study is to address multi-send HVDC systems and establish computational formulas that enable a quantitative assessment of transient overvoltage resulting from DC faults. The analysis explores several influencing factors, uncovering that fault-induced overvoltage is influenced by aspects such as system strength and wind turbine reactive power dynamics. In a single-send HVDC system, the level of overvoltage in the system is primarily affected by the short-circuit ratio. A higher short-circuit ratio results in a lower overvoltage level. On the other hand, in multi-send HVDC systems, the overvoltage level is determined by the equivalent impedance of the individual systems. In DC systems where turbines are present in the DC near zone, the overvoltage level at the converter bus is influenced by the power characteristics of the turbines during the LVRT. To validate the accuracy of the proposed method, a comprehensive verification process is conducted. Through this research, the paper aims to contribute to the understanding and management of transient overvoltage in multi-send HVDC systems. By considering relevant factors and employing an equivalent model, the proposed method offers a practical approach for assessing overvoltage and facilitating the design and operation of such systems.
STN-GCN: Spatial and Temporal Normalization Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Wang Chunzhi , Wang Lu , Wei Siwei , Sun Yun , Liu Bowen , Yan Lingyu
Published: July 2023

In recent years, traffic forecasting has gradually become a core component of smart cities. Due to the complex spatial-temporal correlation of traffic data, traffic flow prediction is highly challenging. Existing studies are mainly focused on graphical modeling of fixed road structures. However, this fixed graphical structure cannot accurately capture the relationship between different roads, affecting the accuracy of long-term traffic flow prediction. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a modeling framework STN-GCN for spatial-temporal normalized graphical convolutional neural networks. In terms of temporal dependence, spatial-temporal normalization was used to divide the data into high-frequency and low-frequency parts, allowing the model to extract more distinct features. In addition, fine data input to the temporal convolutional network (TCN) was used in this module to conduct more detailed temporal feature extraction so as to ensure the accuracy of long-term sequence extraction. In addition, the transformer module was added to the model, which captured the real-time state of traffic flow by extracting spatial dependencies and dynamically establishing spatial correlations through a self-attention mechanism. During the training process, a curriculum learning (CL) method was adopted, which provided optimized target sequences. Learning from easier targets can help avoid getting trapped in local minima and yields better generalization performance to more accurately approximate global minima. As shown by experimental results the model performed well on two real-world public transportation datasets, METR-LA and PEMS-BAY.
A Novel NLMS Algorithm for System Identification
Authors: Yoo Jinwoo , Park Bum Yong , Lee Won Il , Shin JaeWook
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel normalized least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm for system identification applications. Our approach involves analyzing the mean squared deviation performance of the NLMS algorithm using a random walk model to select two optimal parameters, the step size and regularization parameters, for the rapid convergence of the colored input signals. We verified that the proposed algorithm exhibited faster convergence than existing algorithms, even in scenarios of sudden system changes.