bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Portal Vein Diameter, Peak Systolic Velocity and Pulsatility Index by Ultrasound Doppler Evaluation in Asymptomatic Nepalese Population.
Authors: Songmen S , Panta Om B , Neupane NP , Ghimire RK
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Portal vein diameter and Doppler studies give hemodynamic information that can correlate with disease status. Their normal values are not established in Nepalese population. This study aims to establish the normal values of portal vein diameter, PSV and PI in Nepalese population and study their variability with age, gender and ethnicity.
Methods: Cross-sectional hospital based study. All adults more than 20 years of age attending ultrasound OPD of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu for general health checkup were included. Patients with liver disease, cardiac disease and ascites were excluded. A single observer took all measurements. Data were entered in a predesigned proforma and analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0.
Results: Two hundred patients were included in the study. The mean age was 44.34+12.9 years. The mean portal vein diameter was 10.41+1.18mm. The mean portal vein PSV was 33.35+9.3cm/s and PI was 0.76+0.07. There was a positive correlation of portal vein diameter with age (r=0.345; p<0.001). Also, mean portal vein diameter was significantly higher in males (10.9+0.99mm) than in females (9.9+1.1mm). PSV and PI did not differ with age, gender or ethnicity.
Conclusions: Mean portal vein diameter in this study is comparable with previous standards.
Health problems of elderly residing in urban areas, Kathmandu
Authors: Bista A , Joshi S
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Old age is the time associated with biological, psychological and social changes which leads to vulnerable conditions to acquire physical, sychological and social health problems. This study aims to find out the health problems among elderly and to determine the factors associated with health problems.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 100 elderly who were the members of senior societies of ward number 2 & 14 of Kathmandu valley. Elderly of aged 70 years & above were selected purposively for the study.
Findings: The mean age of the elderly was 77.5 years among them 62% were females. Self reported chronic illnesses among elderly were hypertension 22%, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 19%, diabetes 15%, cardiac problems and joint problems 11 %. Further, 21% had hearing impairment and 11% had vision impairment. Concerning the functional impairment, 51% were partially dependent in performing some of the activities of daily living. Regarding psychological problems, 34% had mild cognitive impairment and 33% had moderate cognitive impairment. In addition mild depression was identified among 12% of the elderly further, 26% had experienced abuse by their family members. Moreover, there was a statistical association between advanced age and functional impairment. Similarly illiteracy and female sex were significantly associated with cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Hypertension, chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, joint problems are the common physical health problems prevalent among elderly. Functional impairment is higher among increased age elderly. Psychological health problems such as cognitive impairment and depression are identified. Experiences of being abused by the family members are also discerned. Hence, it is recommended to plan health promotional strategies for addressing these old age related health problems. In addition, care of elderly need to be in coordinated with their family members.
Accuracy of Lelli Test For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Thapa SS , Lamichhane AP , Mahara DP
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabilizer of the knee. Rupture of the ACL, unfortunately, is a common sports injury. Three most accurate test routinely applied in clinical practice to determine ACL injuries are the Anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot shift tests test .In this study we evaluate the accuracy of Lelli test for detecting ACL tear and compare it with those tests.
Methods: This study included 80 patients attending sports clinic at Department of orthopedics, Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital from December 2013 to November 2014, aged between 20-45 years with knee symptoms of giving way/locking/pain following sports or non sports injury .Clinical history and detail clinical assessment of knee for instability including Anterior drawer test, Lachman test, Pivot shift test ,Lelli test were performed by standard technique and recorded in the Performa. All patient underwent knee arthroscopic evaluation and needful procedure by an experienced arthroscopic surgeon. Arthroscopy findings of ACL tear was recorded and used to assess the reliability of clinical test.
Results: In this study sensitivity of Anterior drawer test, Lachman test , Pivot shift test , Lelli test was 80.00%(CI 62.53-90.93),91.42%(CI 75.81-97.75) ,51.42%(CI 34.27-68.27), 85.71%(CI 68.95-94.61) respectively and Specificity was 93.33%(CI 80.68-98.28), 95.55%(CI 83.36-99.22), 100%(CI 90.20- 100.00) , 91.11%(CI 77.87-97.11) respectively.
Conclusion: Lelli test being simple test can be routinely used in evaluation of ACL function in both acute and chronic knee injury.
Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Prasai S , K.C. N
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy has emerged as one of the major public health problem in Nepal. The aim of this study was to explore the consequences of teenage pregnancy in Kathmandu Valley.
Methods: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was adopted. The population of the study were Teenage and non-teenage (20-25 years) postnatal mothers admitted in Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital (PMWH).Non-probability purposive sampling was used for the selection of mothers. Hundred postnatal mothers were included. Ethical approval was taken from the research committee NINE and from concerned authorities of PMWH, Thapathali. Formal permission was taken from hospital administrator of PMWH for data collection. Thorough out the study precautions were taken to safeguards the rights of the mother. Informed verbal consent was obtained from all the participants. Liberty was given them to discontinue the study at any time if they wished. SPSS version 16 was used and chi-square test value was applied for statistical analysis. P value < 0.005 was considered in statistically significant.
Results: This study showed no association between teenage pregnancy and accessibility and utilization of health services, many of the maternal outcomes studied viz. eclampsia, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor, obstructed labor and post-partum hemorrhage and all of the fetal outcomes viz. preterm birth, low APGAR score and low birth weight (p>0.05). However, this study showed significant association of teenage pregnancy with occupation, educational level of the women, use of contraceptive devices, type of contraceptive devices used, gestational hypertension, anemia and type of delivery (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is less likely to have adverse fetal outcomes while adverse maternal outcomes like anemia and pre-eclampsia are more likely to be faced by them. And, teenage women are more likely to have vaginal delivery with episiotomy.
The quest for health (The health services in Nepal)
Authors: Gartoulla Ritu Prasad
Published: July 2024

N/A
Predicting outcome of acute organophosphorus poisoning using poison severity score in patients presenting at a university hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha TM , Aacharya RP , Neupane RP
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Poisoning is a major public health threats in the agriculture based country where people have easy access to the organophosphate (OP) pesticides and herbicides. Aim of the study is to analyze morbidity and mortality (outcome) of OP poisoning using Poison Severity Score (PSS).
Methods: The study was reviewed and approved by International Review Board on 31 August 2016. This cross-sectional study included patients aged 16 years or above who presented with ingestion of OP in emergency of Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, from September 2016 to April 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients, incidence of OP compounds poisoning, and morbidity and mortality were analyzed using PSS.
Results: There were 210 OP poisoning cases. 194 (92.38%) survived. Female were 143 (68.10%) and male 67 (31.90%). The mean age was 34.81 years (16 years to 85 years). Poison Severity Score (PSS) and length of hospital stay were significantly different between OP survivors (92.38%) and dead cases (7.62%), p-value <0.0001.
Conclusions: Poison severity score was useful in recognizing high-risk patients of OP poisoning in our study.
What do mothers know about Acute Respiratory Infection: a case from eastern Nepal
Authors: Onta SR , Yengden B.
Published: July 2024

A descriptive study was conducted in Eastern Nepal with an objective to assessthe knowledge of mothers about acute respiratory infection (ARI). Two hundredmothers, who had currently at least a child under five, from randomly selectedhouseholds were interviewed. 50.5% of the mothers correctly knew the signs andsymptoms of ARI without pneumonia; 45% had mixed responses. Only 2.5% of theresponding mothers reported to have knowledge about danger signs of ARI, 39.5% hadwrong answers and 12% did not know about the danger signs of ARI. Regardingknowledge about home care management, 50.5% had correct responses. Both thecorrect and wrong responses about knowledge of ARI were more or less equallydistributed across the educational level, ethnicity and age group of respondingmothers. It is concluded that knowledge of mothers about ARI in general is low,particularly very low on danger signs of ARI. This might have led to delayed specifictreatment of children with ARI, which could have resulted in various complicationsincluding death.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (classic category)
Authors: Bhandari P , Shrestha A.
Published: July 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease. The prevalence of clinically significant PNH (i.e. classic PNH) plus patients with relatively large clones that arises in the setting of another marrow failure syndrome is likely in the order of less than 1 case per 200,000 population. Here we present a case of classic PNH who presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring haemodialysis secondary to intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobin of 3.6 gm %. Her diagnosis was suggested by positive HAMS test and confirmed by Flow Cytometry. Patient recovered from AKI after starting danazol and her haemolysis was reduced but not controlled fully. Patient is awaiting treatment with either eculizumab or allogenic bone marrow transplantation
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Herpetic Eye Disease in a Tertiary eye Care Center
Authors: Chaudhary M
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common infective cause of blindness in developed countries, with a reported incidence of between 5.9 and 20.7 episodes per 100,000 persons each year. It remains the most common cause of unilateral corneal blindness worldwide. HSV ocular infections include conjunctivitis, blepharitis, epithelial infections like dendritic ulcer, geographic ulcer and punctate epithelial keratitis, stromal infections like disciform and necrotizing stromal keratitis, and iritis. Visual loss usually occurs from the cumulative effect of multiple recurrences.
Methodology: Hospital based prospective study was conducted for a period of one year (1st Jan 2015- 31st Dec 2015) at B.P.koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, IOM, Kathmandu, Nepal. All patients. with symptoms and signs suggestive of herpes eye disease having decreased comeal sensation were included. Performa included demographic profile of patients, clinical pattern, presenting symptoms, visual acuity on presentation and treatment received.
Results: Incidence of Herpetic Eye Disease was 10.3%. Patients presented with mean age of 36.63 ± 16.94years.59.23% patients presented in productive young adult age group of 16-45 years.Patients presented with chief complain of redness 38%, Diminution of vision 33%, Pain 12%, foreign body sensation 13% and photophobia in (4%) of cases. Clinical pattern was Blepheroconjunctivitis in 26%. Filamentary keratitis in 1%, dendritic ulcer in 22%, Geographical ulcer in 4%, disciform keratitis in 28%, Stromal keratitis in 11% and recurrent keratitis in 3% cases. Treatment received included topical Acyclovir in 54% cases, oral Acyclovir and topical steroids in 43% cases and topical, oral acyclovir with topical steroids in 3%cases. Visual acuity on presentation was 6/6-6/18 in 59.23% of patients and only 8.47%cases had visual acuity >3/60.
Conclusion: Herpetic eye disease is a corneal blinding disease with varying clinical presentation. The recurrence rate was low in our study. But, recurrent nature of this disease and the treatment required to decrease this recurrence needs to be further studied
Patterns of Insomnia in Cases of New Onset Depression Visiting Psychiatry OPD of Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Pokhrel R , Sharma VD , Ojha SP , Chapagai M , Tulachan P , Dhungana S , Panta SB
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Depression is one of the common mental disorders, ranked third among causes of YLDs (Years Lived with Disability) in both developed and developing countries (GBD 2015). Insomnia is one of the commonest symptoms of depression, though often under-detected and undertreated. This study aims to identify prevalence of insomnia in cases of new onset depression as well as severity of insomnia and quality of sleep.
Methods: A total of 101 patients, visiting the psychiatry OPD of TUTH, IOM and diagnosed as new onset depression, were selected by non-probablity purposive sampling method, after meeting inclusion criteria and informed consent being obtained. The duration of study was 1 year. The semi-structured proforma was filled by the interviewer. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess of severity of depression. Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to screen for insomnia and then severity of insomnia was assessed using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Quality of sleep was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Results: Insomnia was observed in 90.1% of patients with depression. Early insomnia was seen in 71.3% of patients, mid insomnia in 70.3% of patients and late insomnia in 45.6% of patients. 88.1 % of participants were found to be poor sleepers, and 11.9% good sleepers.
Conclusion: Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between severity of depression and severity of insomnia (r=0.740, p<0.05) and between severity of depression and PSQI score (r= 0.556, p<0.05).
Chronic Kidney Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Sigdel MR , Pradhan RR
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly recognized major public health problem globally and in Nepal. It has a high prevalence in the population and is associated with high morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Here, we aimed to study the socio-demographic profiles, etiologies of CKD and associated co-morbidities in patients attending a referral hospital.
Methods: We conducted a hospital based, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study among adult patients with CKD attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu. Patients younger than 16 years and renal allograft recipients were excluded from the study. A diagnosis of CKD was established by the treating nephrologist based on KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline. Prior informed consent was taken. Data was collected on clinical features, socio-demographic profiles, major co-morbidities, presumed etiology of CKD and hematological and biochemical parameters of the patients. SPSS version 24 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the analysis of data. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Institute of Medicine (IOM).
Results: A total of 401 patients with CKD were included in the study. The mean age of the patient was 50.92 years (SD=17.98), male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Among these patients, 86% were Hindu, 24.4% were farmers, 57% were from the Hilly region of Nepal, 51% were active smokers, and 51.6% were alcohol consumers. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (36.2%; n= 145), diabetes mellitus (31.9%; n= 128) and hypertension (21.7%; n=87) were the three most common identified causes of CKD. Among the biopsy proven CGN patients, IgA nephropathy was the most common cause. In a large proportion of patients (68.3%) cause of CGN was not known. Most of the patients were in CKD stage 5 (27%), and stage 5D (55.8%). Coronary artery disease (CAD) (in 7% patients), heart failure (in 2.7%) and stroke (in 2.2%) were the most common comorbidities. Anemia was prevalent in CKD from stage 3 onwards, the severity increased with increasing stage (p <0.001). Hemodialysis was the predominant mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT) used by 98.2% of CKD 5D patients.
Conclusion: Nepalese patients of CKD are younger; males are more affected than females. CGN, diabetes and hypertension are three most common causes of CKD; IgA nephropathy is the most common cause of biopsy proven CGN leading to CKD. Anemia is common from CKD stage 3 onwards. The most common associated co-morbidity is CAD.
Pattern of hepatitis B and C infections among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel N , Bhandari D. , Jha B
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus infections are major global health problems. These viral infections affect a million of people worldwide, causing acute and chronic diseases. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections lead to chronic diseases and are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and cancer.
Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted from March 2013 to August 2013 among clinically suspected out patients and the patients undergoing surgery at Om Hospital and Research Centre with the aim to assess the burden of Hepatitis B and C viral infections. A total of 307 patient sera were tested serologically using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay automated system (Vitros ECI) to detect HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies.
Results: Out of 307 serum samples, the overall seropositivity rate for HBs-Ag and anti-HCV antibodies were 2.1% and 0.33% respectively. Positivity rate for both types of infection was found to be higher among male patients, although the P value > 0.05 indicated that there is no significant relationship. Furthermore, the positivity rate of Hepatitis B infection was higher among the patients of age group 46- 55 years, and that for Hepatitis C was higher among the age group 36-45 years, with P>0.05 suggesting no significant relationship between the age group and infection.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated Hepatitis B and C viruses to be endemic necessitating implementation of the preventive measures and screening of population at risk to identify the burden of the disease in the society
Academic stress and self-esteem among Nursing Students
Authors: Jirel S , Sharma BD , Dawadi N
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Academic stress in nursing students is a common mental distress with respect to some anticipated frustration that is associated with academic failure which may be due to examination pressure, assignment load as well as challenges of clinical practices. And self-esteem reflects a person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth and is an important predictor of stress coping. Continuous high level of stress may influence learning process and self-esteem as well. The main objective of this study is to assess the academic stress and self-esteem among nursing students.
Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional research design was adopted. Probability simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample which was 118 medical nursing students studying in the Yeti Health Science Academy, Kantimargh, Maharajgunj. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire including Student Academic Stress and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistic and inferential statistic with the help of (SPSS) version 20. (9).
Results: Regarding the level of academic stress, about half of the respondents (50.8 %) had moderate academic stress followed by 31.4 % slight stress, 12.7 % high stress and 1.7 % extreme stress. And while assessing level of self-esteem, a majority of the respondents (83.9 %) had high self-esteem and 16.1 % had normal self-esteem.
Conclusion: Based on findings academic stress in nursing students is about half of the Respondents. Therefore, intervention to reduce the academic stress should be carried out by identifying the causes of stress, stress reducing measures, counseling program and by developing a variety of skills to cope with negative aspects of stress so as to produce professionals who are confident, efficient and having clear vision about their future.
Is computer assisted teaching effective on improving knowledge of preconception care? A hospital based study
Authors: Shrestha U , Jacob J
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Preconception care is any intervention provided to women and couples of childbearing age to improve health outcomes of women, newborns and children. Computer Assisted Teaching has been used for more than five decades for educational purposes. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching to improve knowledge of preconception care among married women in selected hospital at Bangalore.
Methods: An evaluative approach with pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design was selected and a judgmental sampling technique was used to select the samples for preconception care for married women in Seventh Day Adventist Multi Specialty Hospital, Bangalore. Pretest was done using structured knowledge questionnaire on knowledge of preconception care. After the pretest, computer assisted teaching was administered, and on the 8th day post test was conducted using the same questionnaire. The duration of study was one month.
Results: The study revealed that, among 40 married women, during pretest, majority ie. 70% (28) were having inadequate knowledge and 27.5% (11) were having moderately adequate knowledge regarding preconception care. After administering computer assisted teaching on knowledge of preconception care, the post test result showed that majority of 97.5% (39) women gained adequate level of knowledge and no one had inadequate knowledge.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was overall 96.21% mean percentage knowledge regarding preconception care after administration of computer assisted teaching. This indicates that, computer assisted teaching is an effective teaching strategy in the education system, because this technique make study more interesting and easy to comprehend.
Hydrancephaly: report of two cases
Authors: Sharma Mohan R. , Bagan Merwyn
Published: July 2024

Hydrancephaly is a rare brain malformation in which there is near total absence of cerebral hemispheres. The child may appear normal at birth but usually has a large head. The diagnosis is established by CT or MRI and there is no known treatment. This is a report of two cases of hydrancephaly diagnosed at our hospital.
Immunophenotyping, Cytogenetic and Mutational Analysis in newly diagnosed AML patient and corresponding laboratory investigations for therapeutic monitoring and prognosis: Case Report
Authors: Pant V , Tumbapo A
Published: July 2024

IntroductionTraditionally, AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) classification and risk stratification was based oncytogenetic studies; however, molecular detection of gene mutations has achieved its growing role in classification, risk stratification, and management of AML. Current standard of care combines cytogenetic results with testing for mutations in FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, and KIT to determine the prognostic subgroup.Case presentation: Here we present a case of AML of 75 years’ male from western Nepal (Asian) who has improved symptoms and laboratory parameters after chemotherapy. Complete recovery from AML has also been reported earlier.Conclusion:Incorporation of new molecular markers to define prognosis in AML has helped to investigate the newer molecular targeting therapeutic agents.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, presenting as Central Diabetes Insipidus and Pneumothorax a Case Report
Authors: Pant V , Shrestha A , Baral S , Bhattarai B , Bhatta U
Published: July 2024

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disorder where pathologic Langerhans cell accumulate in a various organ. We report a case of 28 years’ male who was admitted in medical ward for initial evaluation of pneumothorax and increased thirst. Laboratory workup revealed central diabetes insipidus. After careful examination, a skin lesion was found from which biopsy and immunophenotyping was performed that lead to the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement. Patient was managed as per LCH protocol and intranasal desmopressin was prescribed for Diabetes Insipidus.
Self castration in trance and possession disorder: a case report
Authors: Adhikari S , Pant SB , Ojha SP , Chapagai M , Tulachan P , Dhungana S , Upadhyaya S
Published: July 2024

Castration is a rare event that is commonly associated with psychotic disorders. However, such injuries have also been reported from non-psychotic patients as a result either from bizarre autoerotic acts. attempts at crude sex change operation by transsexuals or secondary to complex religious beliefs and delusions regarding sexual guilt. We report a case of 35 years male from rural Nepal with history of trance and possession spells for last 7 years and self-inflicted scrotal injury with amnesia for that period. After two days, surgical orchiectomy was done and postoperative outcome was uneventful. Such case of self castration in dissociative disorder is rarely reported and worth to bring in notice.
3d Caramel Floating Denture: A Salvage From High Interarch Space
Authors: Dahiya Mansi
Published: July 2024

In day to day clinical practise encountering completely edentulous patient with abnormal jaw relation in adjunct with highly resorbed residual ridge is a challenging scenario As it consequently result into compromised retention support and stability of prosthesis Varied material and techniques are available in literature to maximize stability in patient with abnormal jaw relation and increased inter arch space Though the key to success remains the same a customised treatment planning according to the demand of the remaining oral condition Thus this article describes a practically easy convenient and precise technique for managing small maxillary arch and wide mandibular arch with high restorative space by cross arch teeth arrangement and use of novel 3D caramel spacer technique for the fabrication of hollow denture
Features of the legal regulation of the balance of work and rest of judges in the Member States of the European Union
Authors: Barsuk Maryna
Published: July 2024

The article delves into the nuances of legal regulations governing the equilibrium between work and leisure for judges across European Union member states. It is initially recognized that a robust model of work-life balance applies to judges in jurisdictions where they are regarded as employees by status. Similarly, in jurisdictions where judges are not classified as employees, yet are entitled to social security provisions, the principles of a balanced work-life structure are upheld. Through an examination of the prevailing legislation across EU member states, it becomes clear that some countries, particularly the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland, do not adequately prioritize the protection of the necessary work-life balance of judges. Consequently, judges in these jurisdictions are compelled to operate amidst social risks stemming from the absence of a balanced work-rest dynamic. These risks include constraints on familial engagement, susceptibility to occupational hazards, and the onset of professional burnout, among others. Additionally, among the EU member states, there are those where the balance of work and rest of judges is appropriately regulated, such as Romania and the Republic of Lithuania. In these countries, the legislation accounts for the specific duration of a judge’s work and recognizes the necessity to provide judges with the right to special short and paid leaves related to their personal life. The conclusions drawn in the article encapsulate the findings of the study and propose avenues for enhancing the legal framework governing the social protection of judges in Ukraine. Firstly, in regulating various facets of judges’ work and rest, it is imperative to adopt a logical approach. If the nature of a judge’s responsibilities precludes a precise determination of their working hours, it is essential to establish, within current legislation, the minimum duration of daily and weekly rest periods to ensure judges’ right to rest without compromising their social security. Secondly, as part of enhancing the social protection mechanism for judges in Ukraine, it is recommended to introduce short (up to 3 working days) paid leaves for judges pertaining to family circumstances. These may include events such as the judge’s marriage, the birth of a child, the marriage of a child, and the death of a spouse or parent, among others.
Administrative liability for violation of legislation in the field of volunteering
Authors: Gapon Vladyslav
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of administrative liability for violating legislation in the field of volunteer activities. It is established that administrative liability is one of the forms of legal liability, providing for a negative response of the state, represented by its authorized bodies, to an administrative offense (misdemeanor), imposing an administrative penalty as determined by law on the guilty subject. The author examines the main grounds for administrative liability in the field of volunteer activities, and as a result, it is established that the Law “On Volunteer Activities” does not regulate this issue in detail, unlike the provisions of the Law “On Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations”.
The author establishes that the main administrative offenses in the field of volunteer activities are those enshrined in Chapter 12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, i.e., those provided for in Articles 155-16628 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Additionally, there are categories of administrative offenses in the field of taxation and financial reporting provided for in Articles 1551, 1631 and 16316 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Furthermore, administrative liability of entities in the field of volunteer activities may also arise in case of violation of customs rules, as provided for in Article 472 of the Customs Code of Ukraine.
Having analyzed the main statistical indicators of the detection of administrative offenses under Articles 155-16628 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, as well as the individuals who committed them, it was found that there is a tendency to increase their number. At the same time, the number of cases of administrative offenses under Article 472 of the CCU has significantly decreased since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, which may be due to the difficulty of detecting this category of offenses, especially in border regions.
Uso de la Troponina como Biomarcador Pronostico en Falla Cardiaca: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors: Matamoros Muñoz Juan Sebastián , Ariza Rocha Julián Camilo , Rivera Murillo Ana Sofia , García Rey Esteban , Criollo Vera Manuela
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La troponina es una molécula cardíaca ampliamente usada para el diagnóstico de infarto miocárdico, sin embargo, acorde a evidencia reciente esta podría comportarse como biomarcador pronóstico en pacientes con falla cardíaca. Objetivos: Determinar el valor pronóstico de la troponina en pacientes con falla cardíaca evaluando desenlaces con mortalidad y tasa de re-hospitalización. Metodología: Se hizo la revisión de tres bases de datos en abril del 2024, de los resultados obtenidos se analizaron por título y abstract y los resultantes se analizaron por texto completo para determinar la pertinencia de inclusión. A todos los estudios incluidos se les aplicaron herramientas para determinar el riesgo de sesgo y así aumentar la validez metodológica de esta revisión. Resultados: Cuatro estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión, dos referentes a falla cardíaca crónica y dos referentes a falla cardíaca. Estos estudios evaluaron desenlaces como mortalidad intra y extrahospitalaria y la tasa de re-hospitalización. Los estudios demuestran que tanto los niveles elevados de troponina inicial como los cambios de estas se pueden usar de manera independiente a otros factores para determinar el riesgo de presentar los desenlaces no deseados en estos pacientes. Y que en la subpoblación de pacientes con falla cardíaca crónica y FEVI preservada podrían ser más útiles que el NT-proBNP. Conclusión: La medición de troponina puede ser una estrategia complementaria para determinar el pronóstico de los pacientes con falla cardiaca.
De lo Plano a lo Tridimensional: Experiencia Didáctica para Fortalecer Competencias en Razonamiento Visoespacial dentro del Pensamiento Geométrico
Authors: Castro Navarro Carlos Mario
Published: July 2024

A pesar de la importancia del pensamiento geométrico y el razonamiento visoespacial en la descripción y comprensión del mundo contemporáneo, la enseñanza convencional se ha enfocado tradicionalmente en el pensamiento numérico, creando así una brecha visible en los resultados de las pruebas estandarizadas; la situación en la Institución Educativa Juanita García de Sincelejo es un ejemplo de ello, como lo evidencia la prueba diagnóstica del área de matemáticas para el año lectivo 2023. Como planteamiento para superar esta brecha, se propone una estrategia de interacción y visualización de las propiedades dinámicas de figuras planas y sólidos geométricos, a través del diseño, construcción y exposición de modelos manuales que representan la asociación entre el movimiento de las figuras planas y los sólidos geométricos correspondientes, planteando así un estudio de caso con enfoque cuantitativo. Luego de la aplicación de la experiencia, y manteniendo un grupo de control, las pruebas estandarizadas externas muestran una mejora significativa en el grupo experimental. Se concluye que la estrategia implementada fue efectiva para fortalecer el rendimiento en el pensamiento geométrico y el razonamiento visoespacial en los estudiantes de octavo y noveno, y se recomienda una aplicación y evaluación continua de la estrategia.
Analysis of the Causal Relationship Between Sensory Pursuit Tendency, Exercise Behavior, Exercise Intention, and Safety Atmosphere of Participants in Marine Leisure Sports
Authors: Kwon Young-Hoon , Yang Chun-Ho
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the causal relationships among sensory pursuit tendency, exercise behavior, exercise intention, and safety atmosphere of marine leisure sports participants. Methods/Statistical analysis: The study subjects were 229 marine leisure sports participants who were surveyed. Data processing involved frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and factor analysis using SPSS 24.0, and path analysis using AMOS 21.0, leading to the following results. First, it was found that sensory pursuit tendency of marine leisure sports participants had a direct structure that leads to safety atmosphere. Second, exercise behavior and exercise intention of marine leisure sports participants partially mediated the relationship between sensory pursuit tendency and safety atmosphere. Improvements/Applications: These results logically explain the reasons for participating in marine leisure sports and derive meaningful results.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and the Challenges of the Mission of the Church as A Healing Institution: A Case Study of Tonota
Authors: Mathabe Maitumelo , Nkomazana Fidelis
Published: July 2024

The article examines the impact of COVID-19, a pandemic that causes crisis, confusion, trauma, and consequently changing people’s lifestyles (The World Health Organisation, 2022) It also explores the impact of COVID-19 and the challenges it imposes on the mission of the church as a healing institution in a peri-urban village of Tonota in Botswana. The article particularly discusses challenges faced by the church as a healing institution and the measures it put in place in its efforts to contribute- towards the healing of those affected and infected by COVID-19 (Teti, et al, 2020). The article adopts a missiological framework that theorizes the mission of the church as a healing institution. It uses a qualitative method that adopts a phenomenological approach, as a starting point. In-depth interviews were used as a data collection tool to explore the lived experiences of the research participants selected from different churches in the village of Tonota. It must also be noted that in addition to disrupting everyday lives, the COVID-19 pandemic, as observed by Rahman and his co-researchers, affected the use of qualitative methods (Rahman et al, 2021). A thematic approach was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings from the interviews revealed that COVID-19 had its greatest impact during lockdown, which led to the closure of churches in the village and their inability to fulfil their healing ministry to congregants and community members. Findings also reveal that members of the church were affected by COVID-19 which resulted in many deaths thus weakening the healing ministry of the church due to fear and financial inability. In conclusion, therefore, the article observes that despite these serious challenges the church encountered, different measures were put in place to help the affected congregants and the general members of the community. The article recommends that when crises like COVID-19 occur the government, the Ministry of Health and the church should work together with one purpose of healing the nation.
Symbolism and Spiritual Wisdom: Bridging Nature, Culture, and Identity in Dayak Architectural Heritage
Authors: . Mujiyono , Rahmawati Ni Nyoman , Hakim Putri R.N. , Jasmine Asyifa Nadia , Kastama I. Made , . Derson , Suyasa I. Made , Salendra I Wayan , Abdillah Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Traditional Dayak architecture has persisted despite numerous challenges to the continuity and cultural identity embodied in both the physical structures and their symbolic ornamentation. These buildings incorporate spiritual symbols transmitted through linguistic codes and symbolic forms, which are learned and communicated in everyday life. This paper maps the symbolic complexities found in physical structures rooted in cosmological foundations, which continue to be practiced and preserved. Data gathered through observation and secondary sources reveal the profound spirituality embedded within these architectural forms. Four primary expressions of spirituality in traditional Dayak buildings are identified: the connection between structure and nature, the utilization of spiritual symbols, the presence of sacred spaces, and the concept of balance. These traditional structures serve as conduits for the transmission of values integral to tribal identity. This study underscores the necessity for more comprehensive research to examine the symbolism of traditional buildings within a broader context of physical and social relationships.
Desafios do conhecimento em tempos de inteligência artificial
Authors: Miranda Filho Marcos Vinicius Borges
Published: July 2024

É um prazer participar da edição inaugural da segunda revista científica oficial do Brasil e primeira do Norte – Nordeste, e termos nosso estado, Pernambuco, mais uma vez, na vanguarda. Muitos podem perguntar: Por que essa revista? Respondo abaixo sobre a atmosfera que levou a tal...
Hermetia illucens en la alimentación de aves
Authors: Roso Molina Myriam Amparo , Rodríguez Colorado Nancy
Published: July 2024

A medida que aumenta la población humana se incrementa el consumo de los animales y con ello la producción y alimentación animal, generando presión sobre el medio ambiente, los recursos hídricos y la biodiversidad, contribuyendo al cambio climático; así mismo, aumenta la cantidad de desechos orgánicos generados que se consideran una amenaza para la salud humana y el ambiente.  Por esto, se requieren nuevas estrategias para la producción de alimentos para animales y humanos y la mitigación de los impactos ambientales. Una de estas estrategias es la producción de insectos para alimentación animal y humana, que generan un alto potencial nutritivo mejorando la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos y contribuyendo al mejoramiento ambiental. Atendiendo la necesidad en el aumento de la demanda de proteína de origen animal dado el crecimiento poblacional, la Hermetia illucens, es uno de los insectos considerados como beneficiosos y eficientes, ya que se alimentan de materia orgánica en descomposición en su fase larvaria, por lo cual difícilmente está asociada con la transmisión de enfermedades. Con el manejo de residuos por la Hermetia illucens se estima una posible solución en el problema ambiental y en el abastecimiento del alimento para los animales de forma que no se afecten los cultivos nativos.
Some Useful Applications Of Mathematics And Statistics In Economics
Authors: Pant Seema , Nehra Ankur
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate how statistics and mathematics are used in economics. It will look at how these quantitative techniques are used to evaluate economic information and come to wise conclusions. The advantages and restrictions of using statistics and mathematics in economics will also be examined in this study. According to Weintraub's research, economics does not have a fixed point of reference in mathematics. He describes how the ideas of consistency and rigor in mathematics have evolved and how it has shown to be impossible to represent mathematics as a fully formed formal system. This makes it easier to recognize how applied economics, which prioritizes quantitative language, has methodological ambiguities. This paper's goal is to examine fundamental mathematical tools that are frequently employed in the study of economics, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics. Without the application of mathematics, economic ideas are insufficient. Each topic in economics requires the application of mathematics for a correct understanding. Economic topics are made understandable by the application of mathematical tools, which might pique one's interest in the subject.
Cross-border movement of people and its effect on the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Kisoro district south western Uganda
Authors: Mugisha S ,   Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus Box 71, Uganda., Agwu E ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Published: July 2024

Background: Cross-border movement as a driver of the HIV epidemic has been given little attention. Kisoro district shares borders with DRC Congo and Rwanda thus increased the chances of HIV transmission. This prompted the conduction of this study. Purpose of the study. To establish the role of cross-border movement of people in the transmission of HIV/AIDS in Kisoro district to suggest appropriate prevention and control measures. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design using both qualitative and quantitative methods involving 217 people living with HIV registered at Kisoro and Mutorele hospitals that lived in border areas of Kisoro. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents who met the inclusion criteria and consented. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data which was analyzed at three levels; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate to control confounding factors. Results: From this HIV-related movement study, trade was found to be the major factor for cross-border movement as per the majority of respondents 90(41.6%) followed by employment 49(22.8%), seek health care 41(18.7%), and conflicts in DR Congo 12(11.4%). The commonest HIV risk behaviors in border communities in Kisoro were; cultural practices, alcoholism, and drug abuse, and sexual gender-based violence. Conclusion and recommendation: Factors for cross-border movement of people to and from Kisoro district are trade, seeking health care, employment, and conflicts in DRC Congo. There is a relationship between the movement of people across borders and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the Kisoro district. There is a need for the Central government of Uganda and Kisoro district local government leaders to engage their counterparts in DRC Congo and Rwanda in dialogue meetings to find lasting solutions to the increasing trend of HIV/AIDS arising from cross- border movement of people.
10 Hyjnesha në Fron e Kosovës: Fabulacioni kritik si metodë antropologjike
Authors: Drita Bruqi Kabashi
Published: July 2024

Në këtë shkrim, jap një përshkrim të Hyjneshës në Fron që kam hasur gjatë punës së shkurtër në Muzeun Kombëtar të Kosovës. Përveçse një artefakt i rëndësishëm neolitik, kjo figurë enigmatike është bërë simboli i Prishtinës, Kosovës. Dëshmitë empirike nga neoliti ballkanik mund të ndihmojnë në teorizimin e aspekteve të përdorimit dhe kuptimit të hyjneshës, por pak mund të dihet përfundimisht (për shembull, gjinia e perceptuar e figurinës). Megjithatë, unë synoj të gjurmoj se si mund të ishte përdorur atëherë dhe si po përdoret tani. Paradoksalisht, rëndësia dhe kuptimi i figurës (si “hyjneshë”) ekziston në kontrast të drejtpërdrejtë me realitetin e jetuar të grave bashkëkohore kosovare. Studimi im nxjerr në pah objektin material si agjent të rrëfimit të tij përmes gjurmimit të proceseve historike që destabilizojnë nocionet e kohës lineare, duke lidhur të kaluarën me të tashmen në mënyra interesante, ndonjëherë shqetësuese. Unë përdor metodën e fabulacionit kritik, veçanërisht mediumin e poezisë, për të zbuluar pikat kyçe të shkëputjes që rrethojnë rolin e hyjneshës si një simbol modern, por edhe për të demonstruar sesi ushtrimet poetike mund të shërbejnë si alternativë ndaj etiketave muzeale. Kjo qasje synon të decentralizojë nocionet fikse të identitetit kulturor, feminitetit dhe kohës dhe të rishyqrtojë kontradiktat e vlefshme që jetojnë brenda statusit të ngritur të disa ikonave kulturore.
7 Parashikuesit gjeografikë të demografisë fisnore të Shqipërisë veriore në fillim të shekullit 20
Authors: Elic M Weitzel Erina Baci Daniel Plekhov
Published: July 2024

Meqenëse strukturat shoqërore fisnore kanë qenë prej kohësh mbizotëruese në speciet tona, njohja dhe kuptimi i shtytësve të demografisë fisnore ka një rëndësi të madhe. Në këtë shkrim, ne hulumtojmë efektet e mundshme të disa faktorëve gjeografikë në madhësinë e popullsisë te  fiset veriore shqiptare të fillimit të shekullit të 20-të. Përmes një analize të krahasimit të modelit të të dhënave të popullsisë nga dyzet e gjashtë fise, ne hetojmë se si madhësia e popullsisë fisnore u ndikua nga pjerrësia e vendit, produktiviteti primar neto, disponueshmëria e ujit, numri i fiseve fqinje dhe distanca nga qendrat urbane. Rezultatet tona sugjerojnë se përderisa pjerrësia e vendit dhe numri i fiseve fqinje janë parashikuesit më të mirë të disponueshëm, aftësia e tyre e përgjithshme për të parashikuar madhësinë e popullsisë fisnore shqiptare në fillim të shekullit të 20-të është e dobët. Një faktor i pa hulumtuar, siç është pasuria fisnore (si toka, bagëtitë, infrastruktura ose aleanca martesore) mund të jetë një shtytës më i rëndësishëm i madhësisë së popullsisë, por ndoshta ka më shumë gjasa që dekadat e konfliktit në fund të shekullit të 19-të dhe në fillim të shekullit të 20-të të riformësuan peizazhin demografik të Shqipërisë veriore dhe errësuan çdo ndikim gjeografik paraekzistues në demografinë fisnore.