bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned for Emergency Feeding During Modifications to 11 School Feeding Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Colón-Ramos Uriyoán , Monge-Rojas Rafael , Weil Jael Goldsmith , Olivares G Florencia , Zavala Rebecca , Grilo Mariana Fagundes , Parra Diana C. , Duran Ana Clara
Published: December 2021

Background:

School feeding programs (SFPs) can play a crucial role in the emergency food and nutrition response, but there is a dearth of information on how SFPs operate during emergencies.

Design and Methods:

A rapid comparative assessment of 11 SFPs throughout Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from (1) systematic document search and (2) surveys with key informants (n = 23) about barriers/facilitators to modifications were systematically analyzed using a multiple case study approach.

Results:

During the pandemic, all SFPs continued (although continuation plans varied from a few days in Chile to > 1 month in Puerto Rico) via food kits, food vouchers, and/or grab n’ go meals. The SFP implementation was highly dependent on the programs’ autonomy and financial support, which impacted their logistics to acquire and distribute foods during the pandemic. The types of foods offered in some SFPs suggest that established nutritional guidelines were not always followed. Key informants expressed concerns about the deterioration of the nutritional quality of foods offered during the pandemic and lack of community engagement that impeded distribution to the neediest.

Conclusions:

Results underscore the urgency for clear implementation guidance on how to modify SFP during emergencies. Public health implications include (1) allocation of autonomous resources to an intersectoral working group to safeguard nutritional benefits during emergencies, (2) strengthening efforts of SFP community engagement before and during emergencies, and (3) establishing guidelines of the types of foods that can be distributed to meet the nutritional needs of beneficiaries during emergencies.
Facteurs D’adversité Chez des Adolescents Issus de Milieu Aisé Hospitalisés en Psychiatrie
Authors: Robin Marion , Bonnardel Lucile , Saintoyant François , Essadek Aziz , Shadili Gérard , Peres Victoire , Corcos Maurice
Published: December 2021

Malgré l’enjeu majeur de santé publique qu’elles représentent, les maltraitances infantiles, et particulièrement les négligences, restent sous-estimées en psychiatrie, tant dans leur prévalence que leur impact sur la santé. De plus, le phénomène de maltraitance reste habituellement associé à un fort déterminisme socio-culturel et est très peu évalué dans les catégories sociales aisées. Cette étude mesure la prévalence et l’impact sur l’état médical des facteurs d’adversité précoce - maltraitances (abus et négligences) et événements de vie (divorce, séparations précoces, antécédents familiaux de maladie psychiatrique) - dans une population d’adolescents hospitalisés en psychiatrie et issus de milieux aisés, afin d’en évaluer l’ampleur et l’impact. Les résultats montrent l’ampleur et le cumul des facteurs d’adversité, incluant des fréquences élevées de maltraitances (64.8%), d’événements de vie difficile (dont 29.7% de séparations précoces et 36.4% de troubles psychiatriques familiaux). Ils soutiennent ainsi l’idée d’une sous-estimation importante de ces phénomènes en population générale et en psychiatrie, et ce, notamment dans les catégories sociales aisées. Les maltraitances sont associées à la gravité médicale (niveau de fonctionnement global, nombre et durée d’hospitalisation). Les abus sont particulièrement corrélés au nombre d’hospitalisations, alors que les négligences semblent également impacter leur durée et le niveau de gravité médicale de l’adolescent. Cette étude invite à une évaluation systématique des phénomènes d’adversité en pédopsychiatrie, quel que soit le contexte environnemental du patient, et à renforcer les prises en charge familiales ainsi que la prévention des abus et négligences.
High- Versus Low-Dose Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Maskin Luis Patricio , Bonelli Ignacio , Olarte Gabriel Leonardo , Palizas Fernando , Velo Agostina E , Lurbet María Fernanda , Lovazzano Pablo , Kotsias Sophia , Attie Shiry , Lopez Saubidet Ignacio , Baredes Natalio D , Setten Mariano , Rodriguez Pablo Oscar
Published: December 2021

Objective

To determine whether high-dose dexamethasone increases the number of ventilator-free days (VFD) among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19.

Design

Multicenter, randomized, open-label, clinical trial.

Participants

Consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19-related ARDS were enrolled from June 17, 2020, to March 27, 2021, in four intensive care units (ICUs) in Argentina

Intervention

16 mg of dexamethasone intravenously daily for five days followed by 8 mg of dexamethasone daily for five days or 6 mg of dexamethasone intravenously daily for 10 days.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was ventilator-free days during the first 28 days. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality at 28 and 90 days, infection rate, muscle weakness, and glycemic control in the first 28 days.

Results

Data from 98 patients who received at least one dose of dexamethasone were analyzed. The trial was prematurely terminated due to low enrollment rate. At 28 days after randomization, there was no difference between high- and low-dose dexamethasone groups in VFD (median, 0 [interquartile range [IQR] 0-14] vs. 0 [IQR 0-1] days; P = .231), or in the mean duration of mechanical ventilation (19 ± 18 vs. 25 ± 22 days; P = .078). The cumulative hazard of successful discontinuation from mechanical ventilation was increased by the high-dose treatment (adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.5; P < .001). None of the prespecified secondary and safety outcomes showed a significant difference between treatment arms.

Conclusions

Among patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, the use of higher doses of dexamethasone compared with the recommended low-dose treatment did not show an increase in VFD. However, the higher dose significantly improved the time required to liberate them from the ventilator
Assessing Social Network Influences on Adult Physical Activity Using Social Network Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Patterson Megan S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Social network analysis (SNA) can measure social connectedness and assess impact of interpersonal connections on health behaviors, including physical activity (PA). This paper aims to systematically review adult PA studies using SNA to understand important social network concepts relative to PA.

Data Source

A search was performed using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

To be included in the search, articles needed to 1) include a measure of PA, 2) conduct an SNA in which specific relationships were measured, and 3) conduct an analysis between social network measures and PA.

Data Extraction

Key study elements including network design and results were extracted.

Data Synthesis

Data were synthesized to answer 2 questions: 1) how has adult PA been investigated using SNA approaches and 2) how is an adult’s social network associated with PA behaviors?

Results

A final sample of 28 articles remained from an initial 11 085 articles. Network size, homophily, network composition, and network exposure to PA were all associated with individual level PA across studies. Lastly, longitudinal and intervention studies showed a more complex picture of social influence and diffusion of PA behavior.

Conclusions

Adults’ PA behaviors are influenced by their networks. Capitalizing on this influence, researchers should engage not just individual behavior change but also the social influences present within the person’s life.
Effectiveness of Infection Preventive Behaviors on COVID-19-Like Illness Symptoms During the Winter Third Wave of the Epidemic in Japan: A 2-Month Follow-up Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Shimizu Shoichi , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Nagata Masako , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa
Published: December 2021

Although multilayered strategies including preventive behaviors should be adopted to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, evidence on the effectiveness of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 remains limited. This Internet-based prospective cohort study collected baseline data in November 2020 and follow-up data in February 2021, during the third wave of the epidemic in Japan. Among the 19 941 included participants, the percentages reporting that they always used a face mask, practiced hand washing/disinfection, gargling, and ensuring proper room ventilation were 85.4%, 36.0%, 51.1%, and 44.6%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that less frequently practicing hand washing/disinfection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), gargling (OR = 1.20), and ensuring proper room ventilation (OR = 1.38) were significantly associated with self-reported COVID-19-like illness (CLI). These results suggest that personal preventive behaviors may be effective in reducing CLI, even when universal masking is practiced.
“It's Doable”: International Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning in the U.S. During the Pandemic
Authors: Han Yesul , Chang Yunjeong , Kearney Erin
Published: December 2021

This study aims to understand the learning experiences and challenges of international students enrolled in Master's and PhD programs in various institutions who were forced to transition to online learning during the pandemic. In particular, the study explores the experiences and perceptions of seven non-native English-speaking international graduate students who came from six different countries and studied at different schools of education through phenomenological interviews. Analysis yields insight into these students’ online learning experiences and identifies factors which contributed to the mixed quality of these learning experiences. Overall, students tried to adapt to the “new normal,” while enduring learning and emotional challenges due to the harsh conditions of the pandemic in the United States and their home countries. Instructors’ readiness for online teaching as well as the extra support provided to help students cope with the sudden transition in the learning environment were particularly important factors affecting the students’ learning experiences. Our findings lead us to several recommendations for practice within graduate-level online learning environments and suggestions for further research, as well as broader considerations of what broader implications the case suggests for international education in light of digitalization.
From Digital Shock to Miniaturised Mobility: International Students’ Digital Journey in China
Authors: Qi Jing , Shen Wenqin , Dai Kun
Published: December 2021

As Asia's largest host country of international students, China's digitial placemaking is impacting on international students’ experience whilst studying and living in the country. This rqualitative study addresses the issue of international students’ transition to the digital environment in China. It draws on the theoretical perspectives of international students’ digital journeys and miniaturised mobilities to inform thematic analysis of artefact-mediated student interviews and social media posts. Findings show that international students’ digital journeys in China are characterised by three modes of digital adaptation including digital shock, digital border crossing and digital approachability. We argue that engaging in these modes of digital adaptation has reconstituted international students’ subjectivity through empowering miniaturised mobility, but also a sense of digital in-betweenness as they operate between two different virtual worlds.
Towards Zero Suicide for older adults: implications of healthcare service use for implementation
Authors: McKay Roderick , Pond Dimity , Wand Anne
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Implementing the Towards Zero Suicide (TZS) approach to suicide prevention in older adults requires evidence-based adaptation. This paper aims to highlight important differences and opportunities in healthcare service use by older adults relevant to implementation.

Conclusion:

The TZS approach may prevent suicide in older adults, but only if implementation aligns with systemic differences in healthcare utilisation by older people. Of greatest importance in older adults are (1) most mental healthcare is delivered outside of specialist mental health services; (2) physical conditions and disability are major modifiable contributors to suicide that must be addressed within TZS; and (3) older people have very low use of Medicare-funded psychological services. Primary healthcare providers, who may be seeing older people at risk of suicide, are often neither equipped to provide expert assessment and care planning for often complex needs, nor may see this as their role. However, they are essential in providing pathways to care, which may prevent suicide. Leaders must recognise TZS for older people will usually involve multiple transitions. This requires engagement of key services with clear roles, targeted training, rapid access to specialist older persons mental health support and development of a new TZS element: the navigator.
The Impact of Anticoagulant Activity of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Measured by a Novel Functional Assay for Predicting Deep Venous Thrombosis in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Cao Xiangyu , Su Yu , Zhang Wenjie , Zhao Huiru , Wen Meng , Lu Shan , Zhao Yujing , Chen Yuying , Liu Lei , Zang Xinwei , Wu Jun
Published: December 2021

Objective

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in patients with traumatic injury. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a natural anticoagulant protein in the extrinsic coagulation pathway. However, the relationship between DVT after trauma and the anticoagulant activity of TFPI remains unclear. In this prospective study, we investigated the role of TFPI in trauma patients with DVT to evaluate whether the anticoagulant activity of TFPI measured by a new functional assay can be used to help predict the risk of DVT. Patients and methods: This prospective nested case-control study enrolled trauma patients and healthy volunteers. Forty-eight trauma patients diagnosed with DVT and forty-eight matched trauma patients without DVT were included in the study. 120 healthy volunteers were also included as controls. Blood samples and case information were collected at admission. Patients accepted angiography before surgery to diagnose DVT. The parameters examined included TFPI anticoagulant activity, free-TFPI antigen, blood cell counts, and routine clinical coagulation tests. Results: For the parameters of TFPI anticoagulant activity, three were markedly increased in the DVT group compared to the non-DVT group (TFPI initial anticoagulant time ratio, P  =  .022; TFPI whole anticoagulant time ratio, P  =  .048; and TFPI anticoagulant rate, P  =  .034). The free-TFPI antigen concentration also showed a significant increasing trend in trauma patients with DVT compared with trauma patients without DVT (P  =  .035). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified four independent factors for the development of DVT (TFPI initial anticoagulant time ratio, free-TFPI antigen, prothrombin time, and red blood cell count). We calculated the TFPI correlation coefficient and found that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .821. Conclusions: A novel functional assay was developed to measure the anticoagulant activity of TFPI. The anticoagulant activity of TFPI can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosing DVT in trauma patients.
Weak feature extraction of rolling element bearing based on self-adaptive blind de-convolution and enhanced envelope spectral
Authors: Wang HongChao , Du WenLiao , Li Haiyi , Li Zhiwei , Hu Jiale
Published: December 2021

As the most commonly used support component in engineering, rolling element bearing is also the most prone-to-failure part. The vibration signal of faulty bearing will take on repetitive impact and modulation characteristics, and the two features are often difficult to be extracted by conventional fault feature extraction methods such as envelope spectral. The main reasons are due to the influence of strong background noise, the signal attenuation of the acquisition path, and the early weak failure characteristics. To solve the above problem, a weak fault feature extraction method of rolling element bearing by combing improved minimum entropy de-convolution with enhanced envelope spectral is proposed in the paper. The enhancement effect of improved minimum entropy de-convolution on impact features and the satisfactory extraction effect of EES on repetitive impact and modulation features are utilized comprehensively by the proposed method. Firstly, improved minimum entropy de-convolution is used to filter the vibration signal of faulty bearing to enhance the impact characteristics, and the influence of signal acquisition path on the attenuation of the signal characteristics is also weakened at the same time. Then, enhanced envelope spectral is performed on the filtered signal, and the repetitive impact and modulation characteristics of vibration signal are extracted synchronously. In order to solve the shortcomings of the current commonly used de-convolution methods, an improved minimum entropy de-convolution method based on D-norm is proposed, which can solve the interference caused by random impulsive signals effectively. In addition, compared with the conventional method such as envelope spectral, the enhanced envelope spectral method could extract the repetitive impact and modulation characteristics of the faulty signal simultaneously much more effectively. Effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified through simulation, experiment, and engineering application.
The Impact of Social Media on Civic Engagement in China: The Moderating Role of Citizenship Norms in the Citizen Communication Mediation Model
Authors: Guo Lei , Chen Hsuan-Ting
Published: December 2021

This study incorporates the examination of citizenship norms in testing the Citizen Communication Mediation Model (CCMM) in China, exploring to what extent online political expression mediates the impact of informational use of social media on offline civic engagement and how beliefs in citizenship norms moderate the CCMM. Results based on a two-wave panel survey among a national sample of 1,199 Chinese adults provide strong support for the CCMM in the Chinese context. In addition, embracing the democratic citizenship norm significantly enhances the CCMM effect, whereas embracing the pro-government citizenship norm that encourages pro-government speech does not show the same effect.
Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina: A Review
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Elnahry Gehad A.
Published: December 2021

Gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by elevation of the plasma level of the amino acid ornithine due to deficiency of the enzyme ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase. Accumulation of ornithine occurs in various body tissues but leads primarily to characteristic ophthalmic manifestations including myopia, cataract, progressive chorioretinal atrophy, and macular changes. Patients usually present with night blindness that starts in the first decade of life followed by visual field constriction and eventually diminution of the central visual acuity and blindness. The condition has been reported worldwide and its differential diagnosis is broad and includes choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa. Treatment currently depends on life-long dietary modifications including restriction of the amino acid arginine in diet. This article describes in detail the pathogenesis, clinical features, multimodal imaging findings, and treatment options for GA of the choroid and retina and its complications.
Environmental Health Education: From Museum Specimens and Math Word Problems to Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Maipas Sotirios , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Lazaris Andreas Ch. , Kavantzas Nikolaos
Published: December 2021

Environmental degradation and its severe impact on human health has revealed the necessity for effective educational interventions. Given the importance of “Environment,” “Health,” and “Education,” as key pillars for the achievement of sustainable development, the education for environmental health is evolving into a main component of current strategies against environmental health threats, such as climate change and urban air pollution. Environmental Health Education, which must be considered as a strategical response against environmental degradation, offers vast capacity for innovation alongside every educational stage. For instance, the application of new technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality applications, the adoption of innovative interdisciplinary educational approaches, and the incorporation of Arts are evolving into a new era’s educational perspectives. All the new trends in formal, non-formal and informal Environmental Health Education should be captured and assessed, in favor of protecting both local and global natural environment, human and animal health, and promoting sustainability.
The relationships among motivational climate, perceived competence, physical performance, and affects during physical education fitness testing lessons
Authors: Huhtiniemi Mikko , Sääkslahti Arja , Tolvanen Asko , Watt Anthony , Jaakkola Timo
Published: December 2021

Despite the prominence of fitness testing in school physical education (PE), there is a sparsity of research examining the antecedents of students’ affective experiences during fitness testing lessons. This study aimed to investigate the associations among task- and ego-involving motivational climates, perceived physical competence, physical performance, enjoyment, and anxiety during two different types of PE fitness testing lessons. Altogether, 645 Finnish students from Grade 5 (50% boys, Mage = 11.2, SD = 0.36) and Grade 8 (47% boys, Mage = 14.2, SD = 0.35) participated in two fitness testing lessons with different content (lesson 1: 20-meter shuttle run test and a test of flexibility; lesson 2: curl-ups, push-ups, 5-leaps, and a catching-throwing combination test). Students’ experiences were collected using short questionnaires immediately after the lessons. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the direct and indirect associations among study variables. Results indicated that task-involving climate and perceived competence increased students’ enjoyment and decreased their anxiety levels whereas ego-involving climate had no effect on students’ enjoyment but increased their anxiety levels. In addition, students’ actual physical performance as a mediator between motivational climate and affects, or as a direct predictor of affects, was limited. Strategies advancing task-involving motivational climate and students’ perception of competence should be employed to increase enjoyment and decrease anxiety during PE fitness testing lessons.
Use of continuous glucose monitoring trend arrows in the younger population with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Elbarbary Nancy , Moser Othmar , Al yaarubi Saif , Alsaffar Hussain , Al Shaikh Adnan , Ajjan Ramzi A , Deeb Asma
Published: December 2021

Early control of glycaemia is key to reduce vascular complications in individuals with Type 1 diabetes. Therefore, encouraging children and adolescents with T1DM to take responsibility for controlling glucose levels is an important yet a challenging task. The rapid expansion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has allowed for more comprehensive analysis of glycaemia in T1D. Moreover, CGM devices have the ability to calculate rate of change in glucose levels and display the information as trend arrows. In turn, this can help to take evasive actions to return glucose levels to near physiological glycaemia, which can be highly motivating for young people with T1DM. In the absence of standardised, evidence-based guidance, this consensus document, generated by experts from the Arab Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and international advisors, summarises recent literature on the use of trend arrows in young people with T1DM. The use of trend arrows in different CGM systems is reviewed and their clinical significance is highlighted. Adjusting insulin doses according to trend arrows is discussed while also addressing special situations, such as exercise, fasting, nocturnal hypoglycaemia and menstruation. Adequate understanding of trend arrows should facilitate optimisation of glycaemic control in the T1D population.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Iatrogenic Injury of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Tharp Peyton , King Ryan W. , Frankel Bruce M. , Wooster Mathew D.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Address iatrogenic injury to the descending thoracic aorta by breached spinal screws through a novel approach of concomitant spinal screw removal and thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) placement.

Case Report:

A 36-year-old female with idiopathic scoliosis underwent T4 to L3 bilateral pedicle instrumentation with spinal fusion and correction of scoliosis deformity. Ten months post-operative, she continued to complain of mid-thoracic pain; computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed protrusion of the left T5 and T6 transpedicular screws into her descending thoracic aorta by 3 and 5 mm, respectively. She was taken to the odds ratio (OR) in a combination case with vascular and neurosurgery. Positioned in the right lateral decubitus position, TEVAR was successfully deployed while neurosurgery concurrently removed the invading spinal screws via posterior spinal exposure. Neurosurgery then completely revised the spinal hardware during the same operation. The patient progressed well throughout the remainder of her hospital stay and was discharged on postoperative day 4. Two-year angiography demonstrated a well-placed TEVAR with no extravasation or aortic abnormality.

Conclusions:

In the setting of iatrogenic aortic injury due to pedicle screws, concomitant TEVAR and spinal screw removal is a safe and feasible treatment option that allows for spinal reconstruction to occur without multiple trips to the operating room.
Poem as/and Palimpsest: Hermeneutic Phenomenology and/as Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Green Emma , Solomon Margot , Spence Deb
Published: December 2021

Concerned with meaning-making and uncovering what the experience is like, hermeneutic phenomenology offers a way to understand shared, interconnected and embodied human existence. Poetry and poetic inquiry provide a powerful way to present nuanced, rich understandings, allowing space for play and ambiguity, revealing fresh and surprising ways of thinking about phenomena. Hermeneutic phenomenology often turns to the poetic for a suitably evocative language capable of bringing forth the richness and nearness of lived experience. Poetic inquiry, in turn, draws its nourishment from the foundational roots of hermeneutic phenomenology; however, this is often less obvious to the neophyte researcher. The paper provides an introduction to phenomenology and hermeneutics, showing how these qualitative approaches lend themselves to each other, and makes explicit a philosophical foundation for poetic inquiry. Whilst methodological frameworks provide vital scaffolding for researchers, they can become rigid; poetry can help researchers flex outside and around more established ways of thinking and writing. Together, hermeneutic phenomenology and poetic inquiry unsettle and disrupt familiar ways of doing, being and seeing our world, allowing the unexpected to emerge and bringing forth new potential understandings.
Neurokinins and their receptors in the rat trigeminal system: Differential localization and release with implications for migraine pain
Authors: Edvinsson Jacob CA , Reducha Philip V , Sheykhzade Majid , Warfvinge Karin , Haanes Kristian A , Edvinsson Lars
Published: December 2021

Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have both been considered potential drug candidates in migraine therapy. In recent years, CGRP receptor inhibition has been established as an effective treatment, in particular as a prophylactic for chronic migraine. Curiously, inhibition of neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) failed to alleviate acute migraine attacks in clinical trials, and the neurokinins were consequently abandoned as potential antimigraine candidates. The reason behind this has remained enigmatic.

Utilizing immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative cell counts the expression of neurokinins and their associated receptors was examined in the rat trigeminal ganglion.

Immunohistochemistry results revealed SP co-localization in CGRP positive neurons and C-fibres, where it mainly concentrated at boutons. Neurokinin A (NKA) was observed in a population of C-fibres and small neurons where it could co-localize with SP. In contrast, neurokinin B (NKB) did not co-localize with SP and was observed in large/medium sized neurons and Aδ-fibres. All neurokinin receptors (NK1-3R) were found to be expressed in a majority of trigeminal ganglion neurons and A-fibres.

The functional release of SP and CGRP in the trigeminovascular system was stimulated with either 60 mM K+ or 100 nM capsaicin and measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA results established that SP can be released locally from trigeminovascular system. The released SP was comparatively minor compared to the CGRP release from stimulated dura mater, trigeminal ganglion neurons and fibres. We hypothesize that SP and CGRP signalling pathways may work in tandem to exacerbate painful stimuli in the TGV system.
Subsistence Hunting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Rural Communities of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Briceño-Méndez Marcos , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Montiel Salvador
Published: December 2021

Subsistence hunting for obtaining wild meat is a common practice in rural neotropical communities. Like other peasant practices disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, subsistence hunting could exacerbate pressure on wild mammals whose greater size contributes to feeding the hunter and his family. Thus, in the context of the pandemic, we assessed the subsistence hunting of the white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), one of the main traditional game species in the Calakmul region, Campeche, Mexico, and compared this activity with its pre-pandemic levels of such vertebrate species. Based on ethnographic information and hunting records from three rural communities, we found that in one trimester (July-September 2020) of the rainy season, a total of 26 white-tailed deer (923 kg of game biomass) were obtained by local peasant-hunters carrying out hunting mostly alone. Most peasant-hunters interviewed (36 of 51) stated that they hunted daily, and only a few hunted once a week or once a month (8 and 3%, respectively). This hunting activity and modalities were carried out at night (68%) versus day, stalking (21%) and opportunist (11%) near their community. The game biomass and hunting frequency in the studied communities were twice as high during the pandemic, compared to similar pre-pandemic periods in the region. Our survey highlights the need to expand monitoring and evaluation (during and after the pandemic) of subsistence hunting on key species, such as white-tailed deer, in order to ensure conservation and sustainable use of wildlife in this important Mesoamerican region.
Identifying Turkish students’ profiles of using information and communication technologies and its relationship with their academic achievement: A latent class analysis approach
Authors: Karakoyun Ferit , Başaran Bülent
Published: December 2021

In this study, 15-year-old Turkish students’ profiles of using ICT at home and at school were identified, and the extent to which these profiles were associated with their academic achievement was determined. Moreover, the study investigated the effects of the students’ age of first usage of digital device and internet, their gender and their parents’ education level on the students’ ICT usage profiles. In the study, by using Latent Class Analysis, Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 Turkey data were analyzed ( n = 6890). According to the findings obtained in the study, it was revealed that the students who used ICT resources at high level at home and at school constituted the smallest class (8% of the sample). The students whose mothers’ levels of education were high and those who were male had a higher probability of being a member of the high-level ICT user class. In addition, the students who started using their first digital devices and the Internet at later ages were less likely to be a member of the class using high-level ICT. Finally, the students in the high-level ICT user class had low mathematics, reading, and science achievement scores.
The Indian healthcare system turns to digital health: eSanjeevaniOPD as a national telemedicine service
Authors: Naithani Charu , Sood Sanjay P , Agrahari Amit
Published: December 2021

Healthcare infrastructure in the emerging economies is largely concentrated in their urban areas, and the burgeoning rural population is usually deprived of quality medical care. Telemedicine systems are expected to bridge this gap. This case study documents telemedicine’s significance and allows students to examine India’s national patient-to-doctor telemedicine service, eSanjeevaniOPD. The portal provides free and contactless consultation by a government doctor using video calls. COVID-19 hastened the adoption of eSanjeevaniOPD in the country, but its post-covid future would largely depend on feature innovation, architecture development, and digital strategies. With a total of three million teleconsultations in one year, eSanjeevaniOPD is one of the world’s largest digital healthcare delivery systems. This case provides insight into Indian health infrastructure, summarizes the journey of eSanjeevaniOPD, and raises questions on the digital transformation of the Indian healthcare delivery system.
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma – a case of benign metastasis
Authors: André Diogo , Gouveia Fabiana , Luís Helena , Caldeira Mónica , Perneta Filipe , Gonçalves Marília Jeanette , Chaves António José
Published: December 2021

Leiomyomas are benign tumours of smooth muscle cells that most often affect the female genital tract, but their metastasis to extra-uterine locations represent rare, yet misunderstood phenomena. The authors present a clinical case of a 42-year-old woman, who underwent a hysterectomy 15 years ago due to myomas, admitted with multiple pulmonary nodules and abdominal mass, diagnosed by imaging tests, in the context of haemoptysis. The anatomopathological exams of the pulmonary and abdominal lesions were compatible with the diagnosis of benign metastatic leiomyoma. Benign metastatic leiomyoma is a rare condition that particularly affects women of childbearing age, with a history of hysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Hence, this entity must be considered in the differential diagnosis of women with pulmonary nodules of uncertain aetiology.
The Relationship Between Arthroplasty Surgeons’ Experience Level and Optimal Cable Tensioning in the Fixation of Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy
Authors: Başarır Kerem , Kalem Mahmut , Şahin Ercan , Özbek Emre Anıl , Karaca Mustafa Onur , Küçükkarapınar İbrahim , Tönük Ergin
Published: December 2021

Introduction

In this study, our aim was to examine the relationship between the arthroplasty surgeons’ experience level and their aptitude to adjust the cable tension to the value recommended by the manufacturer when asked to provide fixation with cables in artificial bones that underwent extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO).

Materials and Methods

A custom-made cable tensioning device with a microvoltmeter was used to measure the tension values in Newtons (N). An ETO was performed on 4 artificial femur bones. Surgeons at various levels of experience attending the IXth National Arthroplasty Congress were asked to fix the osteotomized fragment using 1.7-mm cables and the tensioning device. The participants’ demographic and experience data were investigated and recorded. The surgeons with different level of experience repeated the tensioning test 3 times and the average of these measurements were recorded.

Results

In 19 (35.2%) of the 54 participants, the force applied to the cable was found to be greater than the 490.33 N (50 kg) value recommended by the manufacturer. No statistically significant difference was determined between the surgeon’s years of experience, the number of cases, and the number of cables used and the tension applied over the recommended maximum value ( P = .475, P = .312, and P = .691, respectively).

Conclusions

No significant relationship was found between the arthroplasty surgeon’s level of experience and the adjustment of the cable with the correct tension level. For this reason, we believe that the use of tensioning devices with calibrated tension gauges by orthopedic surgeons would help in reducing the number of complications that may occur due to the cable.
Racialized Surveillance in New Zealand: From the Tūhoe Raids to the Extralegal Photographing of Indigenous Youth
Authors: Norris Adele N. , Tauri Juan
Published: December 2021

It has been nearly 15 years since the 2007 anti-terrorism police raids targeting the Ngāi Tūhoe (Tuhoe) iwi (tribe) who reside in the center of New Zealand's North Island. The violent treatment inflicted upon Tūhoe by New Zealand Police and the Security Intelligence Service (SIS) raised questions around the policing and punishing of Indigenous expressions of dissent. In light of recent events, revisiting how policymakers addressed the Raids offers much-needed critical analysis of the policing and surveillance of Māori in the contemporary context. This qualitative study seeks to understand how policymakers framed the 2007 Raids in discussions of crime control policy after the fact. A content analysis of Hansard's (parliamentary) debates of the 2009 Organised Crime Bill reveals that the Raids emerged primarily in discussions to expand police powers and implement harsher penalties for gang-related activity. Green, Māori, and the Labor parties framed the Raids as an act of state violence, a failed operation, a waste of taxpayers’ dollars, and a repeat of similar, historical acts of state violence against the Tūhoe people. Taking the Raids as a point of departure, the second part of the paper argues that two key events reveal a continuing project focused on the extensive policing and surveillance of Indigenous bodies in Aotearoa New Zealand: (1) the Armed Response Team (ART) trials of 2020, and (2) the ongoing extralegal photographing of Māori youth by law enforcement. These events are discussed as chronic acts of violence that lead to different life outcomes for survivors.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of locomotive syndrome
Authors: Terai Hidetomi , Hori Yusuke , Takahashi Shinji , Tamai Koji , Iwamae Masayoshi , Hoshino Masatoshi , Ohyama Shoichiro , Yabu Akito , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: December 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people in various ways, including restricting their mobility and depriving them of exercise opportunities. Such circumstances can trigger locomotor deterioration and impairment, which is known as locomotive syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of locomotive syndrome in the pandemic and to identify its risk factors. Methods: This was a multicenter questionnaire survey performed between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2020 in Japan. Patients who visited the orthopedics clinic were asked to answer a questionnaire about their symptoms, exercise habits, and locomotor function at two time points, namely, pre-pandemic and post-second wave (current). The incidence of locomotive syndrome in the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for developing locomotive syndrome during the pandemic. Results: A total of 2829 patients were enrolled in this study (average age: 61.1 ± 17.1 years; 1532 women). The prevalence of locomotive syndrome was 30% pre-pandemic, which increased significantly to 50% intra-pandemic. Among the patients with no symptoms of locomotive syndrome, 30% developed it in the wake of the pandemic. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, older age, deteriorated or newly occurring symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, complaints about the spine or hip/knee joints, and no or decreased exercise habits were independent risk factors for developing locomotive syndrome. Conclusions: The prevalence of locomotive syndrome in patients with musculoskeletal disorders has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to age, locomotor symptoms, especially spine or hip/knee joint complaints, and exercise habits were associated with the development of locomotive syndrome. Although the control of infection is a priority, the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and ensuring exercise habits are also essential issues to address during a pandemic such as COVID-19.
Off to a Jump Start: Using Immersive Activities to Integrate Continuity Clinic and Advocacy
Authors: Sieplinga Kira , Disbrow Emily , Triemstra Justin , van de Ridder Monica
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Training in advocacy is an important component of graduate medical education. Several models have been implemented by residency programs to address this objective. Little has been published regarding application of immersive advocacy activities integrated into continuity clinic.

OBJECTIVE

To create an Integrated Community Health and Child Advocacy Curriculum (ICHCA) by integrating advocacy activities that were immersive and contextualized in a continuity clinic setting and to familiarize interns with continuity clinic immediately at the beginning of their training.

METHODS

We utilized a socio-constructivist lens, Kern's Six-step curriculum development and a published curriculum mapping tool to create the curriculum. Twenty residents completed ICHCA in 2019. Evaluations from key stakeholders including participants, support staff and attendings were analyzed on four levels of Kirkpatrick's model. We compared results before intervention, immediately following intervention and ten months following intervention.

RESULTS

We demonstrated improvement in learner satisfaction, knowledge and behaviors with respect to advocacy in the clinical environment. Response rate was 70% (7/10) for attendings, 75% for support staff (15/20) and 72.5% for residents (29/40). Our intervention was feasible, no cost, and required no additional materials or training as it relied on learning in real time.

CONCLUSIONS

An integrated advocacy curriculum utilizing the mapping tool for curricular design and evaluation is feasible and has value demonstrated by improvements in reaction, knowledge, and behaviors. This model improves understanding of social responsibility and can be implemented similarly in other residency programs.
Feeling like a million miles away from home? Well-being at work of expatriates in the resources sector in Indonesia
Authors: Apriyanti Harum , Hutchings Kate , McPhail Ruth
Published: December 2021

As the world of business becomes increasingly globalised, there is greater mobility of workers internationally. Prior research has found expatriates (and their families) experience work and cultural stressors when living and working in host countries, and the stressors may be greater when working in remote locations. This research explores perceptions of well-being of expatriates at work in the resources sector, including how social capital impacts on the well-being of expatriates. The research was undertaken in Indonesia and involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 43 resources sector expatriates, 8 spouses and 7 human resource managers who provided their perceptions of the well-being of expatriates at work. The findings highlight nine aspects of well-being at work for expatriates in the resources sector in Indonesia, including: social aspect, safety/security, benefits and disadvantages, work aspects, job and other attitudes, eudaimonic aspect, work-life balance, affect and external influences. The findings particularly emphasise the importance of safety, work life balances and external (organisational) influences. The research contributes to expatriate, well-being and social capital literature by providing an understanding of well-being at work for expatriates working in non-standard (often remote) workplaces in the resources sector. While the research was undertaken in Indonesia and includes context-specific examples from this developing country, the conceptualisation of well-being at work has broader application for employees working in non-standard workplaces across many sectors and contexts.
A Comprehensive Approach To Alloplastic Cranioplasty: Novel Implant Design And Refinement of Soft Tissue Management
Authors: O’Connor Kaylee , Holan Cole , Choudhary Nikita , Curry Eileen , Harshbarger Raymond
Published: December 2021

Background: Large scale craniectomy defects are commonly reconstructed with alloplastic implants, which can restore brain protection and promote cosmesis. However, esthetic outcomes can be subpar due to skin contour abnormalities and temporal hollowing. Herein we describe a senior craniofacial surgeon’s experience using a custom composite polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and porous polyethylene (Medpor) implant for alloplastic cranioplasty. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all PEEK-Medpor cranioplasty cases performed over the past 2 years. Patient characteristics, intraoperative information, surgical outcomes, and cosmetic outcomes were reviewed. Results: Sixteen patients (18-70 years of age) underwent surgery. Indications for cranioplasty included craniectomy due to trauma, stroke, or tumor, and bone resorption after a prior autologous cranioplasty. Augmentation of the temporalis area using alloderm or a muscle graft was performed in 7 cases. There were no intraoperative complications. Ultimately, all implants were maintained. One implant was temporarily removed due to infection, but successfully replaced. Three minor complications occurred. At an average follow-up of 9 months, 93.8% of surgical sites showed no significant temporal hollow. Conclusion: We describe a series of 16 implants using a composite PEEK Medpor implant for alloplastic cranioplasty, which resulted in a low infection rate and improved postoperative regional contour. Use of this implant with suspension of the temporalis muscle is a new technique that may allow for better adherence of the temporalis muscle to its anatomic position, while still providing good brain protection.