bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poliamor e o direito de ser família
Authors: Rosa Evelin Fernanda Kovalski da , Ningeliski Adriane de Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Poliamor é uma filosofia de vida, que admite a coexistência de vários amores, com conhecimento e consentimento de todos os envolvidos, trazendo o viés de reconhecimento como família no ordenamento jurídico. A presente pesquisa analisa brevemente a história da família, sendo o objetivo principal realizar a reflexão, em relação ao posicionamento do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) sobre a impossibilidade de lavratura de escritura pública de união estável poliafetiva. Verificando se há possibilidade de limitação imposta pelo órgão, ao contrariar as premissas da pluralidade familiar trazida pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e método de abordagem o dedutivo, de modo que já se parte da premissa que a família poliamorosa deve ser reconhecida como família dentro dos contornos postos pela legislação civil. Sendo assim, conclui-se que as uniões poliafetivas, são possíveis de regulamentação, assim como as outras, pois possui natureza fática. O Direito acompanha o fato e com a mudança de paradigmas em relação à família e casamento, muda-se o foco de proteção do Estado.
An evaluation of orthodontic information quality regarding artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot technologies: A comparison of ChatGPT and google BARD
Authors: Arslan Can , Kahya Kaan , Cesur Emre , Cakan Derya Germec
Published: June 2024

Introduction

In recent times, chatbots have played an increasing and noteworthy role in the field of medical practice. The present research was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the responses provided by ChatGPT and BARD, two of the most utilised chatbot programs, when interrogated regarding orthodontics.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four popular questions about conventional braces, clear aligners, orthognathic surgery, and orthodontic retainers were chosen for the study. When submitted to the ChatGPT and Google BARD platforms, an experienced orthodontist and an orthodontic resident rated the responses to the questions using a five-point Likert scale, with five indicating evidence-based information, four indicating adequate information, three indicating insufficient information, two indicating incorrect information, and one indicating no response. The results were recorded in Microsoft Excel for comparison and analysis.

Results

No correlation was found between the ChatGPT and Google BARD scores and word counts. However, a moderate to significant relationship was observed between the scores and several listed references. No significant association was found between the number of words and references, and a statistically significant difference was observed in both investigators’ numerical rating scales using the AI tools (p = 0.014 and p = 0.030, respectively).

Conclusion

Generally, ChatGPT and BARD provide satisfactory responses to common orthodontic inquiries that patients might ask. ChatGPT’s answers marginally surpassed those of Google BARD in quality.
Corporate Legal Dogmatics on the Revocation of Share Donation Due to Breach of the Duty of Loyalty
Authors: Burduli Irakli , Chitashvili Natia
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the research of the institution of revocation of share donation and, mainly based on the interrelationship of German civil and corporate law, proposes a dogmatics intended for use in the development of a uniform Georgian judicial law on the issue.

Failure to use corporate legal specifi cs and legal dogmatics in the cancellation of the share donation agreement, which is the direction taken in the latest Georgian judicial practice, may lead to outcomes detrimental to corporate governance and business development. The management of any entrepreneurial entity and, especially, capital-type corporation essentially depends on how the partner will enjoy the rights derived from his share and what influence he will be able to have on making corporate decisions. Of course, it is the general legal duty of the company partner, under both private and corporate law, to exercise the rights arising from the membership in good faith, for the benefi t of the common public interest, to reject any individual mercantile intentions and ensure the company’s management process with a high standard of duty of loyalty. In violation of this standard, the partner may be held individually liable in case of damage to the enterprise, which is considered a kind of neutralizing deterrent against the violation of the duty of corporate loyalty.

Establishing such a uniform judicial practice of cancelling the share donation agreement, without considering the specifics of corporate law, threatens to severely constrain the realization and implementation of the rights arising from the share itself, which is not allowed in corporate law.
Features of EU Enlargement Policy: A Vision from Georgia
Authors: Kardava Ekaterine , Chelidze Guranda
Published: June 2024

The European accession policy has acquired a special and exceptional character since 2022 against the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine war. The separation of the Association Trio countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia) caused a non-uniform assessments in Georgia (giving candidacy to Ukraine and Moldova, and potential candidacy to Georgia). In the situation of extreme polarization and politicization of opinions, it is important to outline the legal and historical facts regarding the specifi cities of EU–Georgia relations and to evaluate scientifi cally Georgia’s geopolitical destiny (the possibility of joining the EU) in the light of global and regional processes. The article presents the various aspects of the difficulty and complexity of the EU enlargement towards Georgia, which actually go beyond the context of the full fulfi llment of the twelve conditions given to Georgia by the EU; synchronization of commitments issued by the European Commission for all Association Trio countries, making clear that the only distinguishing condition for Georgia in reality is the issue of depolarization; the possibility to fulfil the condition of depolarization in the current political situation in Georgia; the context of the historical dynamics of divergent approaches of the EU towards Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia; the priority of saving the results of the 30-year struggle for freedom against the backdrop of Russia–Georgia wars, and the European future in Georgia and overcoming the ongoing distrust between Georgia and the EU (as the highest value) compared to the value of conditionality.
Ought we prevent preventable evils?
Authors: Daniels Charles B.
Published: June 2024

In Practical Ethics Peter Singer argues for an ‘obligation to assist’:

First premise: If we can prevent something bad without sacrificing anything of comparable significance, we ought to do it.

Second premise: Absolute poverty is bad.

Third premise: There is some absolute poverty we can prevent without sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance.

Conclusion: We ought to prevent some absolute poverty.

This paper is dedicated to a criticism of four readings of the first premise and an undesirable link the first premise has with the third. The paper ends by offering a alternative formulation of an ‘obligation to assist,’ which suffers from none of these problems.
Critical Notice Defending the Martian Argument
Authors: Borge Steffen
Published: June 2024

The Chomskian holds that the grammars that linguists produce are about human psycholinguistic structures, i.e. our mastery of a grammar, our linguistic competence. But if we encountered Martians whose psycho-linguistic processes differed from ours, but who nevertheless produced sentences that are extensionally equivalent to the set of sentences in our English and shared our judgements on the grammaticality of various English sentences, then we would count them as being competent in English. A grammar of English is about what the Martians and we share. In this note, I argue that a recent attack on the Martian Argument by Laurence fails to mitigate its force.
A new extension of Chris-Jerry distribution with its properties
Authors: Subramanian C. , Subhashree M.
Published: June 2024

In this article, we proposed a new probability distribution called length-biased Chris-Jerry distribution in which length-biased distribution is a specific case of weighted distribution. Also, we determined the structural properties of length-biased Chris-Jerry distribution and the unknown parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood estimator and tested by likelihood ratio test. Finally, we emphasized a real lifetime data set to reveal how the proposed distribution worked in it.
A new generalization of Samade distribution with properties and its application to lung cancer data
Authors: Pandiyan P. , Jothika R.
Published: June 2024

In this study, a new generalization of Samade distribution has been proposed. The weighted Samade distribution (WSD) is a new distribution designed for modeling real-life data. The survival function, hazard function, moments, moment-generating function, order statistics, and entropies of this distribution have all been determined. The parameters of the suggested model are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation technique. Finally, the helpfulness and application of the distribution have been demonstrated by lung cancer data.
Complementary use of conduction system pacing techniques for the “pace and ablate” strategy in permanent atrial fibrillation - a case report
Authors: Catalin Pestrea , Roxana Enache , Ecaterina Cicala , Radu Vatasescu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The feasibility of the conduction system pacing combined with atrioventricular node ablation was demonstrated in patients with atrial fibrillation in whom rate control can’t be achieved with medication and heart failure.

Clinical case

We present a case of an 82-year-old man with a personal history of permanent atrial fibrillation, admitted with symptoms of heart failure. The resting electrocardiogram showed a very fast ventricular response, and the echocardiography showed a depressed left ventricular function, raising the suspicion of a tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy. Since the patient was on maximum doses of atrioventricular nodal-blocking drugs, we opted for a physiological pacing and atrioventricular node ablation strategy. First, the His bundle capture was achieved at low pacing thresholds, and ablation of the atrioventricular node was attempted. Unfortunately, after several failed attempts, an acute increase in the His bundle capture threshold was noted, suggesting inadvertent tissue ablation beneath the pacing lead. In this scenario, we removed the lead from the His bundle area and achieved optimal left bundle branch area pacing. With the lead in this position, atrioventricular node ablation was performed during the first attempt. At the six-month follow-up, there was no recovery of atrioventricular node conduction. Device interrogation revealed stable pacing and sensing parameters, and there was a significant improvement in clinical status and left ventricular function.

Conclusions

Mastering both His bundle pacing and left bundle branch area pacing offers the potential to overcome intraprocedural challenges, giving alternative strategies to achieve physiological pacing. These approaches can be used interchangeably based on the evolving dynamics of the procedure and the patient’s specific needs.
Defense Spending and Income Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Olayiwola Saheed O. , Oloruntuyi Ayodeji O.
Published: June 2024

This study considers the effect of defense spending on income growth in Nigeria. The results show that defense spending adversely affects income growth in the short run and the long run. Education spending, health spending, transport and communication service spending, internal security spending and electric power consumption have short-run and long-run growth impacts on income in Nigeria. Also, the armed forces personnel proportion of the labour force impacted positively on income. It was concluded that resource distribution should favour provisions of socio-economic and infrastructural facilities for defense spending. Therefore, the government should allocate its resources to provide socio-economic and infrastructural facilities for sustainable income growth in Nigeria.
Delinquency in Croatia: Decoding the Socio-Economic Roots Through Court Chronicles
Authors: Recher Vedran
Published: June 2024

This study examines the socio-economic determinants of violence intensity in Croatia, utilizing individual case data from court documents (2017-2021). Through a probit model analysis of 560 cases, key variables such as income levels, age, gender, alcohol usage, and marital status of both perpetrators and victims were scrutinized. Our findings indicate a significant association between lower income and higher violence intensity for both victims and perpetrators. Notably, perpetrators aged 65+ exhibit less frequent but more intense violent behavior. This study highlights the crucial role of income in violent behavior, suggesting targeted policies for lower income groups to effectively combat violence.
Identification of liquefaction potential in Kampung Melayu Bengkulu based on water level depth (watertable)
Authors: Hidayah Risma Nur , Suhendra Suhendra , Halauddin Halauddin , Irkhos Irkhos , Syaputri Tela Dwi
Published: June 2024

Abstrak. Wilayah Kampung Melayu memiliki kondisi litologi batuan yang tersusun atas formasi undak alluvium (Qat) yang terdiri dari pasir, lempung, lanau, dan kerikil yang bersifat lepas sehingga dapat memicu terjadinya fenomena likuifaksi apabila terjadi gempa bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi likuifaksi berdasarkan nilai resisitivitas litologi batuan bawah permukaan bumi dan kedalaman muka air tanah (watertable) pada 40 titik Sounding di daerah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) konfigurasi Schlumberger. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lapisan bawah permukaan di Kecamatan Kampung Melayu terdiri dari batuan alluvium, mencakup lempung, kerikil, pasir, napal, air payau, dan air tanah, dengan nilai resistivitas berkisar antara 0 hingga 508 Ω.m. Keberadaan formasi alluvium ini menjadi ancaman yang serius pada saat terjadi gempa bumi yang dapat bepotensi terjadinya likuifaksi. Kedalaman muka air tanah (watertable) di wilayah ini relatif dangkal, berkisar antara 1 hingga 25 meter, dengan nilai resistivitas antara 5,1 hingga 40 Ω.m. Adanya zona jenuh air yang dangkal dan struktur batuan alluvium menunjukkan potensi resiko likuifaksi.  Abstract. The Kampung Melayu area has rock lithology conditions which are composed of alluvium step formations (Qat) consisting of loose sand, clay, silt and gravel which can trigger liquefaction phenomena when an earthquake occurs. This research aims to determine the liquefaction potential based on the lithological resistivity values of the earth's subsurface rocks and the depth of the groundwater table (watertable) at 40 sounding points in the research area using the Schlumberger configuration Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The research results show that the subsurface layer in Kampung Melayu District consists of alluvium rock, including clay, gravel, sand, marl, brackish water and groundwater, with resistivity values ranging from 0 to 508 Ω.m. The existence of this alluvium formation poses a serious threat during an earthquake which could potentially cause liquefaction. The depth of the groundwater table (water table) in this area is relatively shallow, ranging from 1 to 25 meters, with resistivity values between 5.1 and 40 Ω.m. The existence of shallow water saturated zones and alluvium rock structures indicate a potential risk of liquefaction.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK PERMATA HATI CILODONG
Authors: Puspitasari Putri Ratih
Published: June 2024

Dampak smartphone terhadap perilaku sosial  anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak-Kanak Permata Hati Cilodong. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak smartphone terhadap perilaku sosial anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif terhadap siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak Permata Hati Cilodong dengan rentang usia 5-6 tahun beserta orang tua. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis mulai dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dampak dari smartphone terhadap perilaku sosial anak. Semakin tinggi penggunaan smartphone pada anak maka semakin rendah sikap kerja sama, tidak mementingkan diri sendiri, empati dan ramah. Sedangkan sikap agresifitas anak semakin tinggi. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan smartphone tidak selalu negatif, tapia da juga dampak positif bagi anak. Mengatasi kecanduan penggunaan smartphone perlua ada komitmen dan kerjasama orang tua karena hal ini akan memberikan perupaban pada sikap anak.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SENI ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Salma Sitti , Nurlina Nurlina
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi strategi manajemen pembelajaran untuk merangsang kreativitas seni pada anak usia prasekolah, dengan peningkatan kesadaran akan urgensi pengembangan kreativitas pada tahap awal kehidupan anak. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menyelidiki kontribusi manajemen pembelajaran dalam membentuk atmosfer belajar yang memfasilitasi imajinasi dan kreativitas. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah analisis literatur dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber ilmiah yang terdapat di basis data Google Scholar, yang mencakup peninjauan terhadap teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan manajemen pembelajaran serta kreativitas seni anak. Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode seperti pembelajaran berorientasi proyek, pembelajaran interaktif, dan integrasi teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran memberikan efek yang menguntungkan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berkreasi dalam seni pada anak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan relevansi pendekatan manajemen pembelajaran dalam mendukung pertumbuhan kreativitas pada masa awal perkembangan anak. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan arahan praktis bagi para pengajar dan orang tua untuk memberdayakan pertumbuhan bakat seni pada anak di masa krusial ini, dengan aspirasi untuk menyumbang nilai penting dalam pendidikan prasekolah.
Aromaterapi Lavender Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Perawat di Rumah Sakit: Studi Quasy Eksperimental
Authors: Hatmalyakin Debby
Published: June 2024

Nurses as professions that focus on individual and community care must provide comprehensive and quality services. This condition can increase nurse stressors that cause mental problem. One of the mental problems among nursing staff in hospital is anxiety. Anxiety can be treated with lavender aromatherapy. This study used quasy experiment design with one group pretest-posttest approach. Respondents' criteria were nurse in ICU and ICCU, worked at least 2 years, anxiety scores ≥8 and were approved to become respondents. 14 respondents were selected in this research. The results showed there were changes in anxiety before, after and 1 week after the intervention of aromatherapy with p-value = 0.000. Lavender oil inhalation effectively reduced nurse' anxiety. Lavender oil inhalation was used for nursing staff in hospital to reduce anxiety
Respon Time Pelayanan IGD Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di IGD Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Gresik
Authors: Munkhofid Moh , Widiharti Widiharti , Zuhroh Diah Fauzia , Widiyawati Wiwik
Published: June 2024

Hospitals as health service providers, when patients feel satisfaction with the health services provided, this has a positive impact on the patient's recovery process. In serving patients, the concept of Response Time refers to the length of time staff are able to treat patients upon arrival at the health service unit, with a time of ≤ 5 minutes. Efficient service provision, namely characterized by fast response times, can contribute to overall patient satisfaction in the emergency department. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between Response Time of services in the ER and the level of patient satisfaction at the Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital. This research uses an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach. Researchers used an accidental sampling strategy, a population of 317 respondents. The research sample consisted of 176 individuals who sought treatment at the Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital Emergency Room. The tools used in this research consisted of a Response Time observation sheet and a patient satisfaction level questionnaire sheet. Almost all service response times in the emergency room at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital are in the fast category, as much as 80%. Half the level of patient satisfaction in the satisfied category is 41%. From the chi-square statistical test carried out to analyze the relationship between response time and the level of patient satisfaction in the Muhammadiyah Gresik emergency room, it produces a P-value of 0.000 with α = 0.05. There is a relationship between response time and patient satisfaction level in the emergency room at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital. Patient satisfaction shows the nurse's ability to meet patient expectations for high quality services
NILAI-NILAI FILSAFAT DAN TASAWUF DALAM MENJAWAB TANTANGAN MASYARAKAT KONTEMPORER
Authors: Novianto Fauzan Akbar , Saumantri Theguh
Published: June 2024

Masyarakat mengikuti perkembangan zaman dengan ditandai oleh pesatnya kemajuan media teknologi, ekonomi dan informasi, namun dengan kemajuan aspek-aspek tersebut membuat masyarakat modern dihadapkan dengan pola hidup dan berfikir yang merugikan kehidupan masyarakat itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan jalan keluar untuk masyarakat modern yang sudah larut dalam kebingungan yang terjadi melalui pendekatan tasawuf dan filsafat. Dengan metode penelitian kajian pustaka dengan jenis kajian pustaka kualitatif, penulis memfokuskan pada teori tasawuf Al-Ghazali dan teori filsafat Herbert Marcuse yang memungkinkan penulis menganalisis mendalam terhadap kedua tokoh teresebut beserta pemikirannya. Dalam menghadapi permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat modern seperti sifat materialistik, konsumeris, dan individualis masyarakat, Al-Ghazali dengan teori etika tasawufnya menawarkan beberapa sifat seperti zuhud, qona’ah, dan ukhuwwah, begitupun dengan Herbert Marcuse telah menawarkan berbagai solusi seperti mengembalikan kesadaran kritis, pencerahan, dan gerakan budaya. Di era kemajuan teknologi yang tanpa batas dalam menerima informasi, penerapan solusi ini menjadi semakin penting dan sangat dibutuhkan untuk masyarakat modern.
A presença do corpo na obra poética de Anna Świrszczyńska
Authors: Kilanowski Piotr , Woitovicz Cardoso Milena
Published: June 2024

Este ensaio visa apresentar comentários sobre a questão do corpo nos poemas escritos pela autora polonesa Anna Świrszczyńska (1909-1984). Ao longo de seus escritos e possível ver as diferentes facetas da corporalidade, tais como: a externalização do amor, a maternidade e o sentir-se vivo(a). Para tanto são pontuados trechos dos poemas e interpretação baseada em textos críticos sobre a obra da mencionada literata.
Fernando Pessoa em Poetas Novos de Portugal (1944), de Cecília Meireles
Authors: De Souza Amorim Cláudia Maria , Alves da Silva Marcelo
Published: June 2024

Publicada em março de 1944, a antologia Poetas Novos de Portugal é um marco na bibliografia ativa de Fernando Pessoa, pois foi pela primeira vez que, no Brasil, o poeta português foi integrado em uma antologia. Neste artigo, pretendemos levantar uma discussão sobre o modo como a poeta e antologista Cecília Meireles organizou as peças poéticas do ortônimo e de seus heterônimos. Incluímos uma breve reflexão sobre a materialidade filológica dos poemas pessoanos, bem como os apontamentos do próprio Fernando Pessoa sobre a importância e a natureza das antologias.
Renewable energy sources acceptability for decentralized energy system in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and prospects
Authors: Adeleye Samson Adedayo , Adebanji Bankole , Awogbemi Omojola
Published: June 2024

The increasing awareness of environmental concerns, coupled with the need to enhance energy security and alleviate the impacts of climate change, has fast-tracked an intensive exploration of renewable energy technologies. The development has indeed recorded remarkable growth in most developed countries like China, USA, Brazil, and China. However, this is not the same as most developing countries in Africa. This work carried out a comprehensive review of the available Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Nigeria, assessed its level of utilization, identified the challenges, and suggested effective ways of ensuring the adoption of a decentralized energy system through the use of RES. A critical analysis of public opinions on the acceptability of RES as a decentralized energy system in the country was carried out. The work sampled the opinions of people in the adoption of RES for a decentralized energy system using southwest, Nigeria as a case study. The population involves power stakeholders, rural dwellers, RES experts, and policymakers across the six states of southwest, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to capture nuanced responses on a range of key parameters, including awareness levels, acceptance, and perceived benefits and challenges associated with decentralized renewable energy systems. The research findings (through the use of questionnaires) showed a very low level of awareness and acceptability of RES and provided valuable insights into the potential barriers and possible facilitating conditions for the adoption of renewable energy technologies.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sorbitol dan Variasi Tingkat Penyangraian Terhadak Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Kopi Robusta Cililin
Authors: Gozali Thomas , Ikrawan Yusep , Maulana Ghaffar Rizal , Nurul Gianita , Muhammad Ramadhan Rizal
Published: June 2024

Cililin is one of the robusta coffee producing regions in Indonesia, but there are still many people who do not know robusta coffee from Cililin, so an effort is needed to improve its quality. Coffee that goes through heating stages such as drying or roasting will cause several other chemical ingredients to change. Coffee processing can affect the characteristics and taste of the coffee produced. Soaking with sorbitol solution can retain moisture (humectant) in food and in processing that undergoes high temperature treatment so that it will not cause browning reactions One of the stages carried out in coffee processing using high temperatures is the roasting process. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effect of the difference in sorbitol concentration with roasting level on the characteristics of the Cililin robusta coffee products produced. This study consisted of two factors, namely sorbitol concentration (a1=10%, a2=15%, a3=20%) and roasting rate (b1 = Light Roast, b2 = Medium Roast, b3 = Dark Roast).
Data processing using Two Way Anova on SPSS application version 26.0. The results showed that concentration had an effect on water content, color test and organoleptic response in color, aroma, and texture attributes, but did not affect the characteristics of caffeine levels, and pH. Roasting rate affects coffee characteristics, namely moisture content, caffeine content, pH, color test, and organoleptic response in color, aroma, and texture attributes. The interaction between sorbitol concentration and roasting rate affects the characteristics of robusta cililin coffee, namely moisture content and color test. However, it has no effect on the characteristics of caffeine levels, and pH.
Keywords: Cililin Robusta Coffee, Sorbitol, Roasting Level
Biological Active Region Defined by Fragment-based Molecular Theory
Authors: Ozawa Nichika , Mori Hirotoshi , Kuroki Nahoko
Published: June 2024

Computational chemistry studies using the QM/MM approach have been conducted to explain and predict protein functions. However, the active regions responsible for those functions often need to be clarified. In this paper, we propose a simple method to define the active region of a ligand from its physicochemical components using the fragment molecular orbital theory. This method systematically determines the QM region in QM/MM calculations by considering quantum interactions among amino acid residues, i.e., charge transfer relays. Within proteins, the relays occur through the interaction network formed among residues, and this phenomenon may interfere with the determination of the QM region. We determined the quantum chemical active region by analyzing the difference in the charge transfer relay upon ligand binding to the protein. Defining the active region as the domain where these relays converge, we successfully reproduce the experimental activity qualitatively; our definition of the active region is reliable. The proposed method defines the QM region easily and unambiguously and is expected to aid in bio-relevant chemistry and drug discovery.
Uncovering pH-dependency and interfacial electron-transfer mechanisms of oxygen reduction reaction sites in nitrogen-doped carbon materials
Authors: Bai Peiyao , Xu Lang
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) are an important class of energy catalytic materials, which are also widely recognized for their excellent electrocatalytic performance, particularly in O2 reduction reaction (ORR). However, many NCMs face the pH-dependency problem in the ORR in that their electrocatalytic performance often changes drastically as the pH of the reaction environment is varied. The underlying interfacial reaction mechanisms and the pH-dependent activity origins for NCMs need to be clarified to put an on end to the long-standing controversy over these issues. In this study, we successfully prepared a set of NCM model catalysts to determine the active sites through a series of careful control experiments. By applying the spectroelectrochemistry-aided catalyst layer voltammetry study method in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we deeply revealed the roles of different active sites and their interfacial electron-transfer mechanisms in NCMs. Experimental results clearly show that both pyridinic-N and graphitic-N sites exhibited no significant ORR activity under strong acidic conditions. The 1,3-cyclopentadiene-like defects (i.e., edge pentagonal defects) were considered as the main pH-universal active site, due to their unique electronic structure and electrostatic effects, enabling effective adsorption and activation of O2 molecules under acidic, alkaline, and neutral conditions, particularly with the ability to directly dissociate O2 in acidic media. Finally, a pH-performance diagram for the various active sites in NCMs across a broad pH range was presented to understand the chemistry of pH-dependent ORR active sites in NCMs.
Navigating a 1E+60 Chemical Space
Authors: Orsi Markus , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: June 2024

Herein we report a virtual library of 1E+60 members, a common estimate for the total size of the drug-like chemical space. The library is obtained from 100 commercially available peptide and peptoid building blocks assembled into linear or cyclic oligomers of up to 30 units, forming molecules within the size range of peptide drugs and accessible by solid-phase synthesis. We demonstrate ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) using the peptide design genetic algorithm (PDGA), which evolves a population of 50 members to resemble a given target molecule using molecular fingerprint similarity as fitness function. Target molecules are reached in less than 10,000 generations. Like in many journeys, the value of the chemical space journey using PDGA lies not in reaching the target but in the journey itself, here by encountering molecules otherwise difficult to design. We also show that PDGA can be used to generate median molecules and analogs of non-peptide target molecules.
The Anomalous Behavior of Cesium in the Electrical Double Layer: an In-Situ X-ray Spectroscopy Study on Graphene
Authors: Falling Lorenz , Jaugstetter Maximilian , Zhao Xiao , Girotto Gustavo , Altoe Virginia , van Spronsen Matthjis , Nemsak Slavomir , Salmeron Miquel
Published: June 2024

Understanding the behavior of ions at electrified interfaces is crucial for the vast majority of electrochemical processes, including energy storage, corrosion, and catalysis. The electric double layer (EDL), formed at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte, plays a pivotal role in governing these processes. In particular, large ions with a weak charge, such as cesium, exhibit extraordinary behaviors in the EDL, rendering these ions a means to manipulate EDL properties such as solvation, potential drop and local hydrophilicity. In this study, we utilize X-ray and electron transmissive graphene electrodes to investigate the influence of cesium-ions within the EDL using advanced X-ray spectroscopy techniques. By employing synchrotron-based operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we determine the ion concentrations and elucidate the electronic structure and chemical environment of cesium-ions near the electrode surface. Our results reveal intricate ion-specific interactions within the EDL, shedding light on ion adsorption, desorption, and redistribution phenomena, in dependence of the interfacial cesium concentration. Furthermore, we explore the impact of electrolyte bulk processes, such as ion pairing and surface charge density on the EDL structure and dynamics. Understanding this ion behavior in the EDL is vital for designing electrochemical processes from the electrolyte side. Ease in applicability, high degree of control and dynamic manipulation of this approach, renders it vital for the electrochemistry driven energy revolution.
Cobaloxime-based homogeneous and metal-organic framework photocatalytic systems for selective reduction of acetylene to ethylene
Authors: Stone Aaron E.B.S. , Wang Xijun , Fortunato Anna , Saggioro Edoardo , Snurr Randall Q. , Arcudi Francesca , Hupp Joseph T. , Dordevic Luka
Published: June 2024

The semi-hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene in ethylene-rich gas streams is an industrially important chemical reaction for producing polymer-grade ethylene. Traditional thermocatalytic routes for acetylene reduction to ethylene, despite progress, still require high temperatures and high H2 consumption, possess low selectivity, and use a noble metal catalyst. Light-powered strategies are starting to emerge, given that they have the potential to use directly the abundant and sustainable solar irradiation. Here we report >99.9% selective, visible-light powered, catalytic conversion of acetylene to ethylene. Our catalyst is a homogeneous molecular cobaloxime that operates in tandem with a photosensitizer at room temperature and bypasses the use of non-environmentally friendly and flammable H2 gas feed. The reaction proceeds through a cobalt-hydride intermediate with nearly 100% conversion of acetylene under competitive (ethylene co-feed) conditions after only 50 minutes, and with no evolution of H2 or overhydrogenation to ethane. We further incorporate the cobaloxime as linker in a metal-organic framework; the result is a heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of acetylene under competitive (ethylene co-feed) conditions that can be recycled up to six times and remains catalytically active for 48 hours, before significant loss of performance is observed.
Discovery of megapolipeptins by genome mining of a Burkholderiales bacteria collection
Authors: Paulo Bruno , Recchia Michael , Lee Sanghoon , Fergusson Claire , Romanowski Sean , Hernandez Antonio , Krull Nyssa , Liu Dennis , Cavanagh Hannah , Bos Allyson , Gray Christopher , Murphy Brian , Linington Roger , Eustaquio Alessandra
Published: June 2024

Burkholderiales bacteria have emerged as a promising source of structurally diverse natural products that are expected to play important ecological and industrial roles. This order ranks in the top three in terms of predicted natural product diversity from available genomes, warranting further genome sequencing efforts. However, a major hurdle in obtaining the predicted products is that biosynthetic genes are often ‘silent’ or poorly expressed. Here we report complementary strain isolation, genomics, metabolomics, and synthetic biology approaches to enable natural product discovery. First, we built a collection of 316 rhizosphere-derived Burkholderiales strains over the course of five years. We then selected 115 strains for sequencing using the mass spectrometry pipeline IDBac to avoid strain redundancy. After predicting and comparing the biosynthetic potential of each strain, a biosynthetic gene cluster that was silent in the native Paraburkholderia megapolitana and Paraburkholderia acidicola producers was cloned and activated by heterologous expression in a Burkholderia sp. host, yielding megapolipeptins A and B. Megapolipeptins are unusual polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and polyunsaturated fatty acid hybrids that show low structural similarity to known natural products, highlighting the advantage of our Burkholderiales genomics-driven and synthetic biology-enabled pipeline to discover novel natural products.
Poly(1,4-anthraquinone) as an organic electrode material: Interplay of the electronic and structural properties due to the unusual lone-pair-π conjugation
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , de Silva Piotr
Published: June 2024

Organic semiconductors with lone-pair-π conjugation offer a promising yet enigmatic route to advanced electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. This study employs molecular dynamics and electronic structure simulations to explore the relationship between structural and electronic properties of poly(1,4-anthraquinone) (P14AQ), which exhibits this unusual conjugation mechanism. The results indicate that P14AQ is resistant to structural disorder, always maintaining an appreciable conjugation length within its polymer chain. It also shows restrained volume changes during battery cycling when lithium, magnesium, and hydrogen cations are intercalated. These results rationalize the reported good performance of P14AQ as an organic cathode material. Our analysis offers fundamental insights into the role of lone-pair-π conjugation in organic semiconductors and paves the way for the development of new material based on this unorthodox design paradigm.
KHẢ NĂNG PHÂN HỦY VỎ CÂY KEO (ACACIA) CỦA MỘT SỐ CHẾ PHẨM SINH HỌC
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Hoàng , Hòa Trần Đăng , Phương Trần Xuân
Published: June 2024

Chúng tôi đánh giá khả năng phân hủy vỏ cây keo bằng năm chế phẩm sinh học (Chế phẩm EM, Chế phẩm Emuniv, Chế phẩm Emic, Chế phẩm vi sinh AT-YTB và Chế phẩm Sagi Bio) trong phòng thí nghiệm (45 °C, độ ẩm 60%, 1 g chế phẩm/1 kg vỏ keo) nhằm lựa chọn chế phẩm phù hợp để đưa vào quy trình ủ vỏ keo thành phân hữu cơ. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo kiểu hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên, sáu công thức với ba lần nhắc lại. Các chỉ số được theo dõi ở thời điểm: trước ủ và ở ngày thứ 10, 20, 30 sau ủ. Kết quả cho thấy, sau 30 ngày ủ, hàm lượng linhin và xenlulo của vỏ keo ở các công thức đã sụt giảm 7,8–10% và 6,65–8,45%. Hàm lượng linhin (13,8%), xenlulo (22,5%), các chất hòa tan trong nước nóng và cồn ở công thức sử dụng Chế phẩm Emic và hàm lượng xenlulo ở công thức sử dụng Chế phẩm Sagi Bio (22,7%) sai khác có ý nghĩa thống kê so với đối chứng. Các chế phẩm đều có ảnh hưởng tốt đến độ ẩm và pH của vỏ keo. Hàm lượng đạm có xu hướng tăng nhẹ từ 0,28 đến 0,38% so với trước ủ. Hàm lượng OC và C/N có xu hướng giảm dần với 16,46–17,56% và 10,2–14,2% so với trước ủ. Trong phòng thí nghiệm, chế phẩm Emic và chế phẩm Sagi Bio có ảnh hưởng tốt đến quá trình phân hủy vỏ keo trong thời gian 30 ngày.
POPULISMO E SUA HISTORIOGRAFIA DESAFIADA
Authors: Uzêda da Cruz Danilo
Published: June 2024

O debate político, em torno do populismo, não aparece apenas na modernidade. Ainda presente, desde a idade média, no vocabulário político do Ocidente, com uma história cujo alcance pode observar já nos discursos desde Marsílio de Pádua (1275-1342), até então, esse debate dizia respeito a um instrumento retórico, caracterizado por ações populares ou para o povo. Tratava-se de outra “coisa”, como nos alerta Laclau (2013), mesmo porque o conceito como hoje o lemos está associado à modernidade, entremeado pela experiência histórica das revoluções e as democracias no mundo ocidental, guardando uma relação com o Estado Moderno. É, portanto, um fenômeno histórico advindo com a modernidade. O artigo busca desenvolver os conceitos e sua historicidade à luz dos debates contemporâneos.
SUPRESSÃO DE DIREITOS NOS TERRITÓRIOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Ferreira Pes João Hélio , De Oliveira Rodrigues Juliana
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as ameaças aos direitos fundamentais dos povos indígenas e ao meio ambiente do Projeto de Lei 191/2020.  O método de abordagem utilizado é o dedutivo para analisar as propostas de alteração legislativa e as possíveis ameaças aos direitos fundamentais dos povos indígenas e ao meio ambiente, considerando a garantia dos direitos originários dos povos indígenas previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988
"Raça e racismo na América Latina: uma perspectiva a partir do Brasil", por Rebecca Lemos Igreja, Richard Santos e Carlos Agudelo
Authors: Ferreira Gianmarco
Published: June 2024

Resenha da obra “Race and racism in Latin America and the Caribbean: a crossview from Brazil”, de Rebecca Lemos Igreja, Richard Santos e Carlos Agudelo, Berlin: De Gruyter, Colégio Latino-Americano de Estudos Mundiais, Flacso Brasil, 2022.
REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA MINERAÇÃO EM TERRAS INDÍGENAS: A CONSULTA PRÉVIA, LIVRE, INFORMADA E DE BOA-FÉ (CPLIB) COM EFEITO VINCULANTE PARA VALIDADE DO PROCESSO LEGISLATIVO, GARANTINDO O DIREITO À AUTODETERMINAÇÃO DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Barbosa Contente Nogueira Caroline
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a obrigatoriedade da Consulta e do Consentimento para a validação de processo legislativo que verse sobre Direito dos Povos Indígenas, especificamente no que diz respeito à mineração em seus territórios, visto que o processo de consulta e o consentimento são instrumentos necessários para garantia do direito à autodeterminação consolidados pela Constituição Brasileira de 1988 e pela Convenção n. 169 da OIT de 1989.
O BRASIL DIANTE DA OFENSIVA NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Miranda Gabriel , Lemos de Paiva Ilana
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo, de caráter exploratório, pretende apresentar um debate teórico-conceitual acerca do neoliberalismo, demarcando algumas de suas características gerais e, além disso, analisar o contexto político em que tal programa econômico é intensificado no Brasil a partir do ano de 2016, delineando algumas das implicações desse processo para a classe trabalhadora.
Palabras clave: neoliberalismo, conservadorismo, necropolítica.
QUANDO FICAR EM CASA NÃO É SEGURO
Authors: Neves Delgado Gabriela , Mendes Moreira Miraglia Lívia , Nunes de Castro Anabuki Luisa
Published: June 2024

Este artigo enquadra a discussão sobre o trabalho escravo contemporâneo na crise social e sanitária provocada pela pandemia de COVID-19, com foco no trabalho doméstico e suas interseccionalidades. Aponta-se que as vulnerabilidades sociais para o trabalho escravo são especialmente afetadas pela crise atual, em que a interação entre o vírus e fatores sociais torna o enfretamento da doença, em suas múltiplas dimensões, um grande desafio.    
Palavras Chave: Trabalho escravo doméstico; interseccionalidades; pandemia da COVID-19.
Comentarios al libro "Autonomías y autogobierno en la América Diversa"
Authors: Sierra Camacho Maria Teresa
Published: June 2024

Reseña del libro Autonomías y autogobierno en la América Diversa, Miguel González, Aracely Burguete, Pablo Mariman y Ritzuko Funaki (eds.), Quito, Abya Yala, 2021.  El libro llena un vacío en la literatura contemporánea al presentar una  diversidad de procesos que implementan los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en los distintos contextos nacionales en las Américas. Ofrece asimismo una mirada crítica en torno a las políticas de reconocimiento y sus alcances en perspectiva de los Estados plurinacionales y plurales, pero también desde experiencias concretas da cuenta de las innovaciones y la renovada fuerza de las comunidades y pueblos indígenas para ejercer su derecho a la libredeterminación.
Palabras clave: autonomías, autogobierno, pueblos indígenas, America Diversa.
DESAFÍOS Y ENCRUCIJADAS DE LOS DERECHOS A LA SALUD PARA LAS POBLACIONES NEGRAS EN COLOMBIA: una mirada crítica en los inicios del nuevo decenio
Authors: Lara-Largo Sofia
Published: June 2024

La brecha en el acceso a la salud para las poblaciones negras  en Colombia se acrecienta con el paso del tiempo. La implementación de los mecanismos jurídicos disponibles pareciera no ser suficiente para garantizar mejoras sustanciales de esta situación. El nuevo decenio comienza con los impactos multidimensionales provocados por la pandemia del Covid-19, que amenazan con recrudecer y profundizar las desigualdades etnoraciales. La presente nota de investigación pretende hacer una reflexión crítica sobre los desafíos a los que se enfrentan estas poblaciones, frente a un desarrollo jurídico-normativo amplio y copioso que paradójicamente no les ha otorgado garantías en términos de su acceso a la salud desde una perspectiva integral. Lo anterior se aborda desde una mirada coyuntural, que permita plantear los retos y encrucijadas de las luchas por los derechos de las poblaciones negras en Colombia.
Palabras clave: Derechos, salud, poblaciones negras, Colombia.
"PONIENDO EL CADÁVER EN LA MESA…."
Authors: Agudelo Carlos Efrén , Sánchez Jhon Antón , Muteba Rahier Jean
Published: June 2024

Carlos Rosero nos hace un recorrido panorámico por la situación en materia de derechos y justicia para la población afrocolombiana. Es muy sugestiva su reflexión acerca de cómo el caso colombiano es un buen ejemplo en materia de logro de reconocimiento de derechos para sus poblaciones negras. Pero también él nos indica como Colombia es un mal ejemplo en materia de implementación de esos derechos reconocidos.  Rosero ilustra a través de ejemplos concretos esta paradoja. Uno de los elementos que resalta es el impacto que ha tenido la agudización de la violencia desde fines de los años 1990 en regiones como el Pacífico colombiano, poblado mayoritariamente por afrodescendientes. También nos habla del uso de instrumentos de justicia tanto a nivel nacional como internacional reconociendo la importancia de fortalecer este recurso como una herramienta que puede contribuir a mejorar la situación de los afrocolombianos. En el contexto de múltiples factores de vulnerabilidad que nos ha mostrado Rosero, llega la pandemia de la COVID 19 y es allí cuando nos plantea que visto el panorama crítico sobre la situación del pueblo negro en Colombia “con el cadáver puesto sobre la mesa” se avizoran perspectivas de agudización de la situación crítica para estas poblaciones.
Harmonium
Authors: Palermo Funari Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Harmonium é o primeiro livro de poemas do poeta modernista Wallace Stevens, e inclui poemas escritos entre 1914 e 1923, o ano de seu lançamento.Apesar de pouco conhecido no Brasil, é um dos poetas mais prolíficos do modernismo estadunidense, bastante sofisticado técnica e formalmente. Encontram-se aqui traduzidos os seis primeiros poemas dessa obra, organizados pelo autor nao em ordem de escrita, mas cuidadosamente selecionados para servirem como abertura ao livro, como um modo - até didático, diria-se - de introdução à poética que os leitores vão adentrar ao longo do livro.