Caloric Value of Biomass based Power Plants, Life Cycle Assessment and Techno Economic of Different Crops for M.P. (India)
Authors: Sharma Shashikant , Kumar Gupta Sunil , Pandey Mukesh 
Published: April 2022

<p>Solar radiation incident on green plant and other photo synthesis organism performs two basic functions such as temperature control for chemical reaction to proceed and the process of photosynthesis. The fundamental conversion process in green plant is photosynthesis which is process of combining CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere with water and light energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates<sup>1</sup>.</p><p>              X [CO<sub>2</sub>] + Y [H<sub>2</sub>O] + light energy photosynthesis X[O<sub>2</sub>] + Y [Cx H<sub>2</sub>O]</p><p>                              Y [Cx H<sub>2</sub>O] is used to indicate the carbohydrates.</p><p>The world population has increased at an explosive rate from 1.65 billion to just over 6 billion in the 20<sup>th</sup> century, and continues to increase. In the same century, mankind has consumed over 875 billion barrels of oil and it is very likely that even more oil will be consumed in the present century. Annual energy use in developing countries has risen from 55 to 212 kg oil equivalent over the last thirty years, while developed countries use as much as 650 kg oil equivalent per person. In his synopsis ‘Trilemma’ Three major problems threatening world survival’, foresees a three-fold challenge in the 21st century: how can we achieve economic growth, supply food and energy resources, while conserving the environment? To overcome the Trilemma, developing and introducing more efficient energy conversion technologies is therefore important, for fossil fuels as well as renewable fuels. This thesis addresses the question how biomass may be used more efficiently and economically than it is being used today. Wider use of biomass, a clean, renewable and CO<sub>2</sub> neutral feedstock may extend the lifetime of our fossil fuels resources and alleviate global warming problems. Another advantage of using of biomass as a source of energy is to make developed countries less interdependent on oil- exporting countries, and thereby reduce political tension. Furthermore, the economies of agricultural regions growing energy crops benefit as new jobs are created<sup>1</sup>. Biomass primary energy sources: Past, present and future in particular wood, has historically been an important energy source for fires, ovens and stoves. During the Industrial Revolution, coal displaced biomass because of its high energy content and because it is available in large quantities at low cost. At the beginning of the 20th century, oil supplied only 4 % of the world’s energy. Decades later it became the most important energy source. Especially developed countries are highly dependent on oil, which supplies about 96 % of their transportation energy. With world energy demand projected to rise by about 40 % from now to 2020, photosynthesis. Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwvidhalaya implemented the National Policy for Management of Crop Residues to protect the parali (crop residue). On December 10, 2015, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) had banned crop residue burning in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. Burning crop residue is a crime under Section 188 of the IPC and under the Air and Pollution Control Act of 1981. The Delhi high court had also ordered against burning residues, while Punjab government imposed a penalty of Rs 73.2 lakh farmers in 2016 for burning of crop residue<sup>3</sup>.</p>