bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced sputum analysis: step by step
Authors: Weiszhar Zsoka , Horvath Ildiko
Published: July 2013

Educational aims

To introduce the standardised method for sputum induction

To provide a guide for sputum processing

To highlight important methodological aspects that may influence results

To briefly summarise potential clinical and research use

Sputum induction is a relatively non-invasive mode of airway sampling that provides an opportunity for analysis of cellular components and infective agents, including bacteria and viruses, together with fluid-phase constituents. Both induction and processing of sputum samples are standardised and several manuals are available to help to educate professionals to perform the technique to the highest standard [36]. Using this standardised technique, the results are reproducible and comparable between different laboratories. Detailed studies on methodological issues provided enough evidence for standardisation and careful use of the methodology enabled the field to develop rapidly from a research tool to a useful clinical test. Eosinophil differential count in induced sputum is a recommended, evidence-based mode of assessing airway inflammation in asthma and its use is incorporated into the relevant guidelines.
A workstation-integrated peer review quality assurance program: pilot study
Authors: O’Keeffe Margaret M , Davis Todd M , Siminoski Kerry
Published: July 2013

Background

The surrogate indicator of radiological excellence that has become accepted is consistency of assessments between radiologists, and the technique that has become the standard for evaluating concordance is peer review. This study describes the results of a workstation-integrated peer review program in a busy outpatient radiology practice.

Methods

Workstation-based peer review was performed using the software program Intelerad Peer Review. Cases for review were randomly chosen from those being actively reported. If an appropriate prior study was available, and if the reviewing radiologist and the original interpreting radiologist had not exceeded review targets, the case was scored using the modified RADPEER system.

Results

There were 2,241 cases randomly assigned for peer review. Of selected cases, 1,705 (76%) were interpreted. Reviewing radiologists agreed with prior reports in 99.1% of assessments. Positive feedback (score 0) was given in three cases (0.2%) and concordance (scores of 0 to 2) was assigned in 99.4%, similar to reported rates of 97.0% to 99.8%. Clinically significant discrepancies (scores of 3 or 4) were identified in 10 cases (0.6%). Eighty-eight percent of reviewed radiologists found the reviews worthwhile, 79% found scores appropriate, and 65% felt feedback was appropriate. Two-thirds of radiologists found case rounds discussing significant discrepancies to be valuable.

Conclusions

The workstation-based computerized peer review process used in this pilot project was seamlessly incorporated into the normal workday and met most criteria for an ideal peer review system. Clinically significant discrepancies were identified in 0.6% of cases, similar to published outcomes using the RADPEER system. Reviewed radiologists felt the process was worthwhile.
Genetic mutations of GJB2 and mitochondrial 12S rRNA in nonsyndromic hearing loss in Jiangsu Province of China
Authors: Wei Qinjun , Wang Shuai , Yao Jun , Lu Yajie , Chen Zhibin , Xing Guangqian , Cao Xin
Published: July 2013

Background

Hearing loss is caused by several environmental and genetic factors and the proportion attributed to inherited causes is assumed at 50 ~ 60% . Mutations in GJB2 and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12S rRNA are the most common molecular etiology for nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL). The mutation spectra of these genes vary among different ethnic groups.

Methods

To add the molecular etiologic information of hearing loss in the Chinese population, a total of 658 unrelated patients with NSHL from Jiangsu Province of China were selected for mutational screening including GJB2 and mtDNA 12S rRNA genes using PCR and DNA sequencing technology. As for controls, 462 normal-hearing individuals were collected.

Results

A total of 9 pathogenic mutations in the GJB2 and 7 pathogenic mutations in the 12S rRNA gene were identified. Of all patients, 70 had monoallelic GJB2 coding region mutation in the heterozygous state, 94 carried two confirmed pathogenic mutations including 79 homozygotes and 15 compound heterozygotes. The 235delC appears to be the most common deafness-causing GJB2 mutation (102/658, 15.50% ). No mutations or variants in the GJB2 exon1 and basal promoter region were found. In these patients, 4 subjects carried the m.1494C > T mutation (0.61% ) and 39 subjects harbored the m.1555A > G mutation (5.93% ) in mtDNA 12S rRNA gene. A novel sequence variant at m.1222A > G in the 12S rRNA gene was identified, which could alter the secondary structure of the 12S rRNA.

Conclusion

The mutation spectrum and prevalence of GJB2 and mtDNA 12S rRNA genes in Jiangsu population are similar to other areas of China. There are in total 31.46% of the patients with NSHL carry deafness-causing mutation in GJB2 or mtDNA 12S rRNA genes. Mutation in GJB2 gene is the most common factor, mtDNA 12S rRNA also plays an important part in the pathogenesis of hearing loss in Jiangsu Province areas. The m.1222A > G was found to be a new candidate mutation associated with hearing loss. Our results indicated the necessity of genetic screening for mutations of these genes in Jiangsu patients with NSHL.
Real-time lane departure warning system based on a single FPGA
Authors: An Xiangjing , Shang Erke , Song Jinze , Li Jian , He Hangen
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a camera-based lane departure warning system implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The system is used as a driver assistance system, which effectively prevents accidents given that it is endowed with the advantages of FPGA technology, including high performance for digital image processing applications, compactness, and low cost. The main contributions of this work are threefold. (1) An improved vanishing point-based steerable filter is introduced and implemented on an FPGA device. Using the vanishing point to guide the orientation at each pixel, this algorithm works well in complex environments. (2) An improved vanishing point-based parallel Hough transform is proposed. Unlike the traditional Hough transform, our improved version moves the coordinate origin to the estimated vanishing point to reduce storage requirements and enhance detection capability. (3) A prototype based on the FPGA is developed. With improvements in the vanishing point-based steerable filter and vanishing point-based parallel Hough transform, the prototype can be used in complex weather and lighting conditions. Experiments conducted on an evaluation platform and on actual roads illustrate the effective performance of the proposed system.
Location, location, location: tissue-specific regulation of immune responses
Authors: Hu Wei , Pasare Chandrashekhar
Published: July 2013

Discovery of DCs and PRRs has contributed immensely to our understanding of induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of PRRs leads to secretion of inflammatory cytokines that regulate priming and differentiation of antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. Pathogens enter the body via different routes, and although the same set of PRRs is likely to be activated, it is becoming clear that the route of immune challenge determines the nature of outcome of adaptive immunity. In addition to the signaling events initiated following innate-immune receptor activation, the cells of the immune system are influenced by the microenvironments in which they reside, and this has a direct impact on the resulting immune response. Specifically, immune responses could be influenced by specialized DCs, specific factors secreted by stromal cells, and also, by commensal microbiota present in certain organs. Following microbial detection, the complex interactions among DCs, stromal cells, and tissue-specific factors influence outcome of immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the phenotypic heterogeneity of innate and adaptive immune cells and how tissue-specific factors in the systemic and mucosal immune system influence the outcome of adaptive-immune responses.
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Initiate Inflammation and Perturb the Endocrine Function of Bovine Granulosa Cells From Ovarian Dominant Follicles via TLR2 and TLR4 Pathways
Authors: Price Jennifer C. , Bromfield John J. , Sheldon I. Martin
Published: July 2013

Bacterial infections of the uterus or mammary gland commonly cause disease and infertility by perturbing growth and steroidogenesis of the dominant follicle in the ovary of cattle. Cells of the innate immune system use Toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by bacteria, leading to activation of MAPK and nuclear factor-κBκ pathways and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, and the chemokine IL-8. The present study tested whether granulosa cells from dominant follicles have functional TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 pathways. Supernatants of primary bovine granulosa cells accumulated IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 when treated for 24 hours with Pam3CSK4 (PAM) that binds TLR2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that binds TLR4 but not flagellin that binds TLR5. Granulosa cell responses to PAM or LPS were rapid, with increased phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 within 30 minutes and increased abundance of IL6, IL1B, IL10, TNF, IL8, and CCL5 mRNA after 3 hours of treatment. Accumulation of IL-6 in response to PAM and LPS was attenuated using small interfering RNA targeting TLR2 and TLR4, respectively. Furthermore, treating granulosa cells with inhibitors targeting MAPK or nuclear factor-κB reduced the accumulation of IL-6 in response to LPS or PAM. Treatment with LPS or PAM reduced the accumulation of estradiol and progesterone, and the PAMPs reduced granulosa cell expression of CYP19A1 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, bacterial PAMPs initiate inflammation and perturb the endocrine function of bovine granulosa cells from dominant follicles via TLR2 and TLR4 pathways.
Carboxypeptidase E Protects Hippocampal Neurons During Stress in Male Mice by Up-regulating Pro-survival BCL2 Protein Expression
Authors: Murthy S. R. K. , Thouennon E. , Li W.-S. , Cheng Y. , Bhupatkar J. , Cawley N. X. , Lane M. , Merchenthaler I. , Loh Y. P.
Published: July 2013

Prolonged chronic stress causing elevated plasma glucocorticoids leads to neurodegeneration. Adaptation to stress (allostasis) through neuroprotective mechanisms can delay this process. Studies on hippocampal neurons have identified carboxypeptidase E (CPE) as a novel neuroprotective protein that acts extracellularly, independent of its enzymatic activity, although the mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we aim to determine if CPE plays a neuroprotective role in allostasis in mouse hippocampus during chronic restraint stress (CRS), and the molecular mechanisms involved. Quantitative RT-PCR/in situ hybridization and Western blots were used to assay for mRNA and protein. After mild CRS (1 h/d for 7 d), CPE protein and mRNA were significantly elevated in the hippocampal CA3 region, compared to naïve littermates. In addition, luciferase reporter assays identified a functional glucocorticoid regulatory element within the cpe promoter that mediated the up-regulation of CPE expression in primary hippocampal neurons following dexamethasone treatment, suggesting that circulating plasma glucocorticoids could evoke a similar effect on CPE in the hippocampus in vivo. Overexpression of CPE in hippocampal neurons, or CRS in mice, resulted in elevated prosurvival BCL2 protein/mRNA and p-AKT levels in the hippocampus; however, CPE−/− mice showed a decrease. Thus, during mild CRS, CPE expression is up-regulated, possibly contributed by glucocorticoids, to mediate neuroprotection of the hippocampus by enhancing BCL2 expression through AKT signaling, and thereby maintaining allostasis.
Modularity and Relational Mechanisms of Governance: An Analysis of Modular Consortium and Industrial Condominium
Authors: Neto Mario Sacomano , Pires Sílvio Roberto Ignácio , Da Silva Eliciane Maria
Published: July 2013

This article analyzed the main mechanisms in inter-firm governance present in a modularconsortium as well as in an automotive industry industrial condominium, operating in Brazil.. The datacollection was carried out through interviews (in loco) in both automakers and suppliers. Modularconsortium and industrial condominium not only involve collaborative agreements in manufacturingwith suppliers but also embrace managerial aspects such as: trust, long-term contracts, reciprocity,reputation, channels of interdependence and formal and informal mechanisms of control. Thesecontemporary forms of governance have generated new ways of organizing production and coordinationin operations, based on cooperation, integration and inter-firm process control. For such, governancebased on company inter-relationship usually operates seeking cooperative agreements so that it wouldpermit quick access to information and technological innovations. These governance approachescontain structures to support exchange, resource interdependence, mutual lines of communication,economies of scale for research and joint production.DOI: 10.12660/joscmv6n1p74-90URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv6n1p74-90
Basic requirements for innovative projects in the selection of investment
Authors: Поздняков  , Pozdnyakov Vladimir , Казаков  , Kazakov Sergey , Казакова  , Kazakova Rimma
Published: July 2013

This article is devoted to analysis basic requirements for innovative projects, in the selection of their for investment. Considered the structure of innovative projects and indicators of scientific and technological level of development.
Categories of production programme designed for management system of a firm
Authors: Болкина  , Bolkina Galina , Казакова  , Kazakova Rimma
Published: July 2013

In the article considered the category of the production program, allowing theoretically and practically to substantiate the correctness and needing of the forming potentials of the organization and plans for its development.
Comparison of weight loss achieved after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding between Afro-Caribbean, Caucasian and South Asian adult female patients in a London bariatric centre
Authors: Phoenix GK , Penney N , Cocker DM , Davies A , Smellie J , Bonanomi G , Thompson J , Efthimiou E
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It has been shown that following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) procedures, Afro-Caribbeans achieve poorer weight loss compared with Caucasians. The reasons for this are multifactorial. However, studies have been based on mainly female patients from the US and none to date have been from the UK. Furthermore, South Asians have not previously been compared. The aim of this study was to compare excess weight loss percentage (%EWL) outcomes up to five years following LAGB in Afro-Caribbean, Caucasian and South Asian females in a London-based teaching hospital.

Methods

An analysis was carried out of prospectively collected data of female patients aged ≥16 years of Afro-Caribbean, Caucasian or South Asian origin who underwent LAGB between October 2000 and December 2011. Data included demographics, co-morbidities and anthropometrics.

Results

Overall, 596 females underwent LAGB; 316 Caucasians (53.0%), 64 Afro-Caribbeans (10.8%) and 27 South Asians (4.5%) formed the majority of those who disclosed ethnicities. Age and initial body mass index (BMI) were comparable between Afro-Caribbeans and Caucasians (mean BMI: 47.3kg/m2 [standard deviation [SD]: 7.5kg/m2, range: 37.0–78.3kg/m2] vs 45.8kg/m2 [SD: 7.1kg/m2, range: 24.7–79.8kg/m2], p=0.225). A non-significant trend suggested less %EWL in Afro-Caribbeans than in Caucasians at 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years (21.4% vs 24.4%, p=0.26; 27.4% vs 31.3%, p=0.27; 33.0% vs 36.8%, p=0.15; 39.0% vs 45.8%, p=0.14; 34.2% vs 45.3%, p=0.16; 37.1% vs 47.6%, p=0.67). South Asians and Caucasians had a similar age and preoperative BMI (mean BMI: 43.6kg/m2 [range: 32.5–59.1kg/m2] vs 45.8kg/m2 [range: 24.7–79.8kg/m2], p=0.08). The %EWL was greatest at three and four years among South Asians although numbers were small (n=4 and n=3 respectively).

Conclusions

A non-significant trend suggests poorer weight loss outcomes in Afro-Caribbeans compared with Caucasians in our cohort. Discussion of realistic weight loss outcomes as well as enhanced follow-up and dietary modifications are required for Afro-Caribbean patients. Low numbers prevent definitive conclusions regarding South Asians. Multicentre studies across England are required to better define any differences between ethnicities.
Stewart–Treves syndrome: a case report
Authors: McKeown DG , Boland PJ
Published: July 2013

We present a case of chronic lymphoedema that progressed to Stewart–Treves syndrome in a 63-year-old woman with a previous modified radical mastectomy, associated lymph node dissection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While producing stabilisation of most cutaneous lesions initially, chemotherapeutic treatment of the angiosarcoma did not prevent subsequent metastasis and patient death. We urge vigilance and regular follow-up appointments for patients following a mastectomy with chronic lymphoedema to facilitate prevention or early treatment of this devastating syndrome.
The RCS/J&J Lister Essay Prize 2013: the Influence of Lister on Surgical Quality Outcomes in the 21st Century
Authors: Sims Alexander L
Published: July 2013

To commemorate the centenary of Joseph lister's death in 1912 and to recognise the significant contribution that he made to medicine and surgery, The Royal College of Surgeons of England teamed up with Johnson & Johnson last year to inaugurate the new annual RCS/J&J lister Essay Prize. in 2013, participants were asked to submit an essay on the following subject, The Influence of Lister on Surgical Quality Outcomes in the 21st Century. we reproduce Alexander Sims' prize-winning essay here in abridged form.
The General Dental Council removes barriers to direct access
Authors: Collins Janet
Published: July 2013

Head of Standards at the General Dental Council (GDC), Janet Collins, explains what this decision means for the dental team.
Postgraduate dental training in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gaballah Kamis , Al-Salehi Samira K
Published: July 2013

This article deals with the current state and demands for dental training in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), first highlighting some relevant facts and data on the provision of healthcare in the UAE.
The Globalization of the Australian Textile, Clothing, Footwear and Motor Vehicle Industries: Results in Line with Other Western Market Economies
Authors: Marks Andrew
Published: July 2013

Trade liberalization and reinforcing industry-specific assistance measures have been instrumental in globalizing the Australian textile, clothing, footwear (TCF) and motor vehicle industries by re-orienting production from the domestic to international market. As a result, output and has contracted in the former industry whilst expanding in the latter industry. These results are in line with TCF and motor vehicle production in other western market economies. This, in turn, indicates that labour intensive industries are likely to be contracting whilst capital intensive industries dominate production in these economies. This has important implication for manpower policies in that they need to be formulated to upgrade the skills of the labour force in order to facilitate the expanding production of capital intensive goods, thereby promote employment growth in the long run.
Fluorescent labeling of oleanolic acid using ‘click’ chemistry
Authors: Mao Miaofu , Xiao Shuzhang , He Haibo , Cao Qiong , Zou Kun
Published: July 2013

The natural product oleanolic acid (OA) was functionalized and labeled with the non-aggregated fluorescent dye BOPIM (boron 2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole complex) using ‘click’ chemistry, yielding a highly fluorescent probe. The pharmacological activity of the probe is comparable to that of unmodified OA, making it suitable for studying the therapeutic mechanisms of OA derivatives in vitro.
Determination of lignin content in kraft black liquors by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)
Authors: Gebremeskel Getachew Gizaw , Aldaeus Fredrik
Published: July 2013

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in an alkaline glycine buffer is suggested for the quantification of lignin content in black liquors (BL). The method was first tested by an external calibration with LignoBoost lignins. Then, the lignin content in BL was determined by means of a multivariate calibration with the application of a standard normal variate filter and partial least squares approach based on five principal components. The results are in agreement with those obtained by sulfuric acid lignin precipitation combined with ultraviolet measurement of the lignin in solution. The advantage of the CZE method is its independence from the knowledge of the exact absorptivity coefficient, which is needed for direct spectrophotometric lignin determination. Moreover, interfering substances and degradation products could be recognized and excluded from lignin determination; thus, the selectivity was increased significantly.
Early gender differences in the redox status of the brain mitochondria with age: effects of melatonin therapy
Authors: Escames Germaine , Díaz-Casado María E. , Doerrier Carolina , Luna-Sánchez Marta , López Luis C. , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío
Published: July 2013

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stress are common features of senescence, and they explain some of the pathophysiological events during aging. In different animal models of aging, the existence of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported. There is no information, however, regarding the age when these symptoms begin and if they account for gender differences in aging. Here we analyzed oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and bioenergetics in the brain mitochondria of normal mice during the first 10 months of life, looking for early signs of senescence. Male and female mice were treated with vehicle or melatonin during the first 9 months of life, starting at weaning. Mice were sacrificed at 5 and 10 months of life, and pure brain mitochondria were prepared and assayed for respiratory chain activity, ATP production, and oxidative/nitrosative stress status. The results showed that the brain mitochondria from male mice have a better glutathione cycle than female mice, whereas female mice have higher electron transport chain activity and ATP production at 5 months old. Five months later, however, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers increased in both male and female mice, thus eliminating the differences between the genders. More importantly, these changes were prevented by chronic melatonin administration, which also restored the gender differences found in 5-month-old mice. Thus, melatonin administration as a single therapy can maintain the full function of the brain mitochondria during the early events of aging, a finding that has important consequences in the pathophysiology of brain senescence.
A Study of Hot Corrosion of Fe-Cr Alloys Induced by a Thin Film of Fused (Na,K)2SO4 by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu S.N. , Su W. , Lu W.Y. , Wei Z.F. , Zeng C.L.
Published: July 2013

To understand the hot corrosion mechanism of materials it is of significance to establish electrochemical measurements under a thin film of fused salts. In this paper, the hot corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr alloys containing 5, 10 and 25wt% Cr, respectively, in the presence of a fused film of 0.9Na2SO4-0.1K2SO4 (mole fraction) at 1173 K in air has been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode system. The Nyquist plots for the corrosion of both Fe-5Cr and Fe-10Cr are composed of a very small semicircle at high frequencies and a line at low frequencies indicating that the corrosion is controlled by the diffusion of oxidants in the fused salt film. The alloys were severely corroded, forming a thick porous corrosion layer containing large amounts of non-protective precipitated Fe oxide particles. Conversely, the Nyquist plots for the corrosion of Fe-25Cr are composed of double capacitive loops, with significantly larger impedance values, which are associated with the formation of a protective Cr2O3 scale. Based on the experimental diffusion impedance results and the theoretic solubility and diffusion coefficient of oxygen in molten salts, respectively, a theoretical value of the diffusion flux of molecular O2 has been calculated.
Fault Location for Parallel Transmission Lines with Limited Voltage and Current Measurements
Authors: Xiu Wanjing , Liao Yuan
Published: July 2013

This article presents a novel fault location algorithm for parallel transmission lines for scenarios where only limited synchronized voltage and current measurements are available. Existing methods usually request measurements at the faulted line to be available. However, this may not always be the case due to the limited number of recording devices placed in a power system. The proposed method makes the most of available measurements and does not require the measurements to be captured from the faulted line. The pre-fault and during-fault bus impedance matrices for the positive-sequence network are derived. Synchronized bus voltages and branch currents are then expressed as a function of fault location and line parameters. As a result, fault location can be estimated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to fully consider the shunt capacitances of the line. To eliminate the influence of bad measurements, optimal estimation theory is adopted for enhanced accuracy of the fault location estimate. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and encouraging results have been achieved.
European evidence on intellectual capital: Linking methodologies with firm disclosures
Authors: Feleagă Liliana , Feleagă Niculae , Dragomir Voicu , Râbu Luciana
Published: July 2013

The aim of this research is to examine the degree to which different categories of intellectual capital are disclosed in the annual reports of a sample of large European companies. The sample comprises 18 companies included in the STOXX® Europe TMI Software & Computer Services Index, from six countries. Keeping with the previous literature, the present study has analysed the disclosed items of intellectual capital outside the financial reports of these entities; this methodological choice assumes that disclosure outside the requirements of accounting standards shows the true commitment of managers in the creation and development of intellectual capital. Therefore, we have collected the cross-sectional raw data from the management review section of selected annual reports for one fiscal year. We have used relevant methodologies from the earlier literature for the content analysis of intellectual capital disclosures. The elements disclosed in narrative form were coded as binary variables on an index scale, and several frequencies and charts are included in the discussion section. Frequencies found are only poorly comparable with the results of previous studies.
The influence of value on loyalty in the supermarket industry
Authors: Terblanche Nic
Published: July 2013

The advent of service-dominant logic has led to increasing attention being given to value experienced by customers in the marketing literature. Customers’ shopping value is multidimensional and consists of two dimensions, namely utilitarian value and hedonic value. The main objective of this study was to determine whether selected constructs impact on value and whether value impacts on loyalty amongst customers of a firm operating in the South African supermarket industry. The findings indicate that satisfaction has the strongest relationship with utilitarian value, which, in turn, has a strong relationship with customer loyalty. More loyalty will not result from an increase in the hedonic value that a supermarket customer experiences, regardless of an enhanced shopping experience.
Levantamentos seccionais sobre a esquistossomose no Nordeste do Brasil: II. Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Barbosa Frederico Simões , Pessoa Dirceu , Oliveira Percílio de , Barbosa Jandira de Morais , Rodrigues Benedita de Almeida
Published: July 2013

Os autores apresentam os resultados de levantamentos seccionais sóbre a prevalência e a mortndade da esquistossomose mansônica no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os levantamentos foram, feitos em 44 localidades, urbanas e rurais. A prevalência da esquistossomose e de outras helmintoses intestinais foi muito variável. As formas hépato-esplênicas da esquistossomose variaram de 0 a 4%.
Avaliação sorológica da vacina oral, tipo Sabin, contra a poliomielite em região semi - rural: II - Aspectos quantitativos dos anticorpos formados e anticorpos para outros enterovirus
Authors: Schatzmayr H. G. , Homma A. , Loureiro M. L. P. , Denne Y. S.
Published: July 2013

Os autores apresentam dados quantitativos sôbre os anticorpos presentes em vacinados com vacina oral trivalente, contra a poliomielite (Tabela 1). Apos a 3.ª dose de vacina verificou-se um aumento do título geométrico médio da população em relação aos títulos obtidos com duas doses de vacina. Infecções naturais devem ter contribuído para formação de anticorpos para poliomielite na população, ao lado da vacina. Anticorpos para enterovírus não-pólio (Coxsackie B e alguns tipos de vírus ECHO) são apresentados na Tabela II e referem-se a amostras de sôro colhidas quando da 1.ª dose de vacina. Os autores chamam a atenção para a incidência de enterovírus na região, embora poucos sejam os dados ainda disponíveis.
Estudo comparativo da imunização antitetânica com o uso do toxóide tetânico fluido e precipitado pelo alúmen
Authors: Seba Roched A. , Tavares Walter , Souza Nair de
Published: July 2013

Os autores fazem um estudo comparativo da imunização antitetânica em um grupo de crianças, utilizando toxóide fluido contendo 20 Lf/cm3 e toxóide precipitado pelo alúmen contendo 2 Lf/cm3. O esquema utilizado foi de 3 doses com intervalos de 21 dias entre cada dose, aplicando o toxóide fluido na dose de 1 em3 em um grupo de crianças; 0,5 cm3 em outro grupo e em um terceiro grupo o toxóide tetánico precipitado pelo alúmen na dose de 1 cm3. Foram realizadas dosagens de antitoxinas no 7" e 21" dia após cada aplicação dos toxóides. Os autores obtiveram níveis protetores em todos os casos após a 3.ª dose com ambos os toxóides. Com o toxóide tetánico precipitado pelo alúmen observaram que os níveis protetores surgiram já com a 2.ª dose. enquanto que com o toxóide fluido houve necessidade da 3.ª dose para serem atingidos níveis protetores na totalidade dos casos. A titulagem realizada após a 3.ª dose não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os títulos obtidos com 2 Lf do toxóide precipitado e os obtidos com 20 Lf do toxóide fluido, sendo porém, alcançados níveis menores com a dose de 10 Lf do toxóide fluido. Não observaram para efeitos graves com nenhum dos toxóides, sendo referido, contudo, manifestações dolorosas no local da aplicação do toxóide precipitado.
Levantamentos seccionais sôbre a esquistossomose no Nordeste do Brasil: III - Estado de Pernambuco (Município de São Lourenço da Mata)
Authors: Barbosa Frederico Simões , Pessoa Dirceu , Pinto Raimundo F. , Barbosa Jandyra de Morais , Rodrigues Benedita de Almeida
Published: July 2013

Os autores apresentam os resultados de levantamentos seccionais sôbre a prevalência e a morbidade da esquistossomose mansônica nas zonas rural e urbana do município de São Lourenço da Mata. A prevalência da esquistossomose e de outras helmintoses foi muito elevada. As formas hepato-esplénicas variaram de 1 a 2 %.
Pneumonia por bacilo de Friedlander
Authors: Gonçalves Adrelirio José Rios , Suzuki Lucia Emi , Moreira Adilson Sarmet
Published: July 2013

Os autores apresentam e discutem um caso de pneumonia por bacilo de Friedlander. Chamam a atenção para suas principais complicações e prognóstico. Enfatizam a história natural da doença e o aspecto radiológico por serem elementos de suma importância, no estabelecimento diagnóstico. Discutem o diagnóstico diferencial do ponto de vista radiográfico e uma análise dos principais sinais radiológicos da condição é feita. Chamam ainda a atenção para a multiplicidade de microorganismos capazes de originar necrose do parênquima pulmonar. Finalizam analisando o papel atual da Klebsiella no determinismo de infecções hospitalares e tentam uma orientação terapêutica nas formas agudas.
Análise comparativa entre as sensibilidades da reação indireta de anticorpos fluorescentes e da reação de Sabin-Feldman na pesquisa de anticorpos séricos para toxoplasmose
Authors: Coutinho Sérgio Gomes , Andrade Carlos Maurício de , Malvar Gilsea Sarmento , Ferreira Luiz Fernando
Published: July 2013

284 sôros provenientes de doadores de sangue no Rio de Janeiro, foram submetidos à reação de Sabin Feldman (R.S.F.) e à reação indireta de anticorpos fluorescentes (R.I.A.F.) para toxoplasmose. Foram observados 37 resultados concordantes negativos, 216 resultados concordantes positivos e 31 resultados não concordantes quanto a positividade e negatividade, sendo que entre êstes últimos houve um maior número de resultados positivos na R.S.F. do que na R.I.A.F. A percentagem de resultados concordantes quanto a positividade ou negatividade foi de 89%. Entre os 216 sôros que reagiram em ambas as reações 143 apresentaram títulos idênticos, o que representa uma proporção de 66,2%. Se forem consideradas como concordantes ou títulos positivos diferentes em apenas uma dilução ao quádruplo, a proporção de resultados positivos concordantes atinge a cêrca de 99%. Os presentes resultados confirmaram o estreito paralelismo entre as duas reações, podendo a R.I.A.F. ser utilizada rotineiramente para o diagnóstico sorológico da toxoplasmose.
Contaminação do solo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro pelo C. tetani: I. Relação com a distribuição geográfica do tétano
Authors: Tavares Walter , Seba Roched A.
Published: July 2013

O tétano constitui um dos principais problemas de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com o coeficiente de morbidade de 9,6/100.000 hab. A morbidade varia entre os diversos municípios do Estado, senão maior em municípios do litoral e com baixa altitude, havendo menor morbidade em municípios localizados em zonas montanhosas. Baseados em trabalhos realizados por autores estrangeiros e em trabalho prévio que demonstram ser o C. tetani isolado do solo e que há relação entre a morbidade do tétano e o grau de contaminação do solo, os autores colheram 608 amostras de solo de 60 municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, durante a primavera e realizaram culturas e inoculação em camundongos. O C. tetani, foi demonstrado em 167 amostras (27,4%) senão isolado de pastos, lavouras, ruas ,de cidades, estradas, etc. Embora o bacilo tenha sião isolado tanto em municípios de baixas altitudes como em zonas serranas, houve uma certa relação entre a altitude e o grau de contaminação do solo, sendo o bacilo isolado mais freqüentemente em municípios com baixa altitude. Foi realizada uma análise da relação entre a morbidade do tétano e o grau de contaminação do solo em 60 municípios, sendo demonstrado que existe a relação, sendo maior a morbidade em regiões de maior contaminação de solo. Esta relação não foi absoluta pois outros fatores influenciam na avaliação da morbdaDe da doença, como as condições sócio-econômicas da população, a precariedade de serviços médicos em alguns municípios e a notificação deficiente. Em conclusão verifica-se que no Estado do Rio de Janeiro a distribuição geográfica do tétano não é uniforme, havendo certa relação com a contaminação do solo pelo C. tetani, devendo-se estabelecer prioridade para imunização ativa da população contra o tétano nas regiões com índices de morbidade mais elevados e nas que apresentam alto grau de contaminação do solo pelo bacilo tetânico.
Molecular characterization of soybean cultivars by microsatellite markers with universal tail sequence
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Alexandre Gomes , Tanure Janaína Paula Marques , Maciel Talles Eduardo Ferreira , Barros Everaldo Gonçalves de
Published: July 2013

The objective of this work was to standardize a semiautomated method for genotyping soybean, based on universal tail sequence primers (UTSP), and to compare it with the conventional genotyping method that uses electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Thirty soybean cultivars were genotypically characterized by both methods, using 13 microsatellite loci. For the UTSP method, the number of alleles (NA) was 50 (2-7 per marker) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.40 to 0.74. For the conventional method, the NA was 38 (2-5 per marker) and the PIC varied from 0.39 to 0.67. The genetic dissimilarity matrices obtained by the two methods were highly correlated with each other (0.8026), and the formed groups were coherent with the phenotypic data used for varietal registration. The 13 markers allowed the distinction of all analyzed cultivars. The low cost of the UTSP method, associated with its high accuracy, makes it ideal for the characterization of soybean cultivars and for the determination of genetic purity.
Análise de custo de materiais utilizados em restaurações dentárias em resina composta
Authors: Hebling Eduardo , Trentin Élcio Ferreira
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: As resinas compostas são materiais usualmente utilizados em restaurações dentárias diretas de dentes posteriores. O custo dos materiais faz parte do cálculo do valor dos honorários odontológicos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e analisar o valor total do custo dos materiais utilizados para a confecção de restaurações dentárias diretas de dentes posteriores em resina composta. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O cálculo dos custos foi baseado no método de sistema de custeio variável. A lista dos materiais foi obtida por meio de consulta a uma banca de juízes e baseada nos padrões de excelência comprovados na literatura para atendimento em equipe. Os valores dos materiais foram obtidos de uma média dos valores consultados no mercado fornecedor. As repetições foram obtidas de preparos cavitários Classes I e II em dentes pré-molares e molares artificiais pré-fabricados. Os materiais foram quantificados para cada tipo de preparo. As resinas compostas utilizadas foram pesadas em balança de precisão após a sua inserção em cada tipo de preparo. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADO: O custo encontrado para restauração de Classe I foi de R$17,56 e, para a de Classe II, de R$17,73. Não houve diferença estatística no custo entre os tipos de preparo e de dentes, sendo a média total de R$17,65. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores encontrados podem ser utilizados no cálculo do valor final do procedimento restaurador, auxiliando na gestão de serviços odontológicos públicos ou privados.
Fatores de risco relacionados à condição de saúde periodontal em universitários
Authors: Souza Carlos Henrique de Carvalho e , Dantas-Neta Neusa Barros , Laurentino Joseany Barbosa , Nunes-dos-Santos Danila Lorena , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo , Mendes Regina Ferraz
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença periodontal pode ter seu início na infância e na adolescência, e progredir lentamente ao longo da vida. Em universitários, a forma mais comum e prevalente da doença é a gengivite. OBJETIVO: Mensurar a condição de saúde periodontal de uma amostra de universitários e verificar existência da associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e os fatores de risco envolvidos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra consistiu de 306 universitários voluntários, com idade entre 19 e 35 anos, sendo usados como indicadores de saúde bucal os índices: Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI) e Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPO-D). Para processamento e análise dos dados, foi usado o programa SPSS versão 18.0. A classificação da condição periodontal foi dicotomizada em CPI < 3 e CPI > 3. Realizou-se regressão logística bivariada e multivariada para analisar a associação entre a condição periodontal e as variáveis independentes. RESULTADO: A amostra consistiu de 51,3% de mulheres e 48,7% de homens, tendo a maioria renda menor do que 6 salários mínimos. Observou-se que 14,4% da amostra era livre de cárie. A pior condição periodontal foi encontrada no sextante 6 e 20,9% da amostra apresentou bolsas rasas em ao menos um sextante. Houve associação entre a condição periodontal e as variáveis: gênero, renda, nível de higiene bucal e uso do fio dental (p < 0,05); entretanto, não houve associação entre aquela e o CPO-D da amostra (p = 0,48). CONCLUSÃO: A amostra apresentou leve condição de doença periodontal, com ausência de bolsas periodontais profundas. Indivíduos do gênero feminino, de renda acima de 4 salários, com bom nível de higiene bucal e que usam o fio dental tiveram melhor condição de saúde periodontal.
Prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário da UFPI: um estudo retrospectivo de cinco anos
Authors: Moura Walter Leal de , Cravinhos Julio Cesar de Paulo , Moura Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de , Freire Simei André da Silva Rodrigues , Monteiro Andonny Maria Oliveira , Pinheiro Silas Dione Alves , Rodrigues Wélder Francisco Borges
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Variações no desenvolvimento dentário podem implicar em alterações no número de dentes, como, por exemplo, a hiperdontia, que é caracterizada pela formação de dentes em excesso, que são chamados de supranumerários. Sua ocorrência está frequentemente associada a patologias e interferências na erupção dos dentes permanentes, que podem comprometer a estética e a oclusão. Portanto, é importante descrever seu perfil epidemiológico. OBJETIVO:Este estudo objetivou analisar dados epidemiológicos, em prontuários, avaliando a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra constituiu-se de 1511 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí, entre janeiro de 2006 e janeiro de 2011, observando-se a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários segundo número de pacientes, gênero, faixa etária, cor da pele, localização, posição no arco dentário, tipo e tratamento. RESULTADO: A prevalência dos dentes supranumerários foi de 1,99%, ocorrendo em pacientes de cor parda (78,57%), com dentição permanente (86,96%), do gênero masculino (53,33%), localizados em região posterior de maxila (35%) e mandíbula (35%), e do tipo paramolar (38,10%). A maioria das cirurgias foi realizada por indicação ortodôntica (62,96% dos casos). CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados, a presença de dentes supranumerários foi um achado incomum com predominância pela maxila, sendo o tipo paramolar o mais frequente. Todos os casos foram tratados por remoção cirúrgica, sendo a maioria por indicação ortodôntica.
Resistência à tração diametral de cimentos de ionômero de vidro submetidos à aplicação de ondas de ultrassom
Authors: Souza Mônica Irma Aparecida Valdeci de , Azevedo Elcilaine Rizzato , Santos-Pinto Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos , Zuanon Ângela Cristina Cilense
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O cimento de ionômero de vidro é um material odontológico que apresenta limitações de uso devido às suas propriedades mecânicas, como baixa resistência ao desgaste, microdureza, compressão e tração diametral. Com base nisso, este estudo investigou o efeito da excitação ultrassônica sobre o CIV, em diferentes tempos de aplicação, por meio da resistência à tração diametral. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os materiais utilizados foram o Ketac Molar Easymix (KME) e o Ketac Cem Easymix (KCE). Foram confeccionados 10 corpos de prova para cada condição estudada: grupo controle, e os grupos que receberam aplicação de ultrassom por 15s, 30s e 45s, para ambos materiais. A excitação ultrassônica foi aplicada durante a reação de presa inicial do CIV, logo após sua inserção na matriz de silicone. Os valores de resistência à tração diametral foram analisados pelo teste Shapiro Wilk e Anova (α = 0.05). RESULTADO: A aplicação de excitação ultrassônica não apresentou efeito estatisticamente significante na resistência à tração diametral dos materiais testados, independente do tempo de aplicação (p > 0,05). O KME apresentou resistência estatisticamente maior que o KCE (p = 0,023). CONCLUSÃO: A utilização das ondas ultrassônicas não influenciou na resistência à tração diametral dos CIV testados independentemente do seu tempo de aplicação.
Avaliação em curto e médio prazo da sorção e da solubilidade de resinas compostas à base de metacrilato e de silorano em saliva artificial
Authors: Porto Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes , Almeida Amanda Gomes Amaral
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A absorção/adsorção de moléculas de água por monômeros hidrofílicos dentro de materiais resinosos expostos à umidade da boca pode resultar em degradação. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou sorção e solubilidade de resinas compostas à base de metacrilato e silorano em contato com saliva artificial, nos períodos de um dia (curto prazo), e 30 e 90 dias (médio prazo). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Sessenta corpos de prova foram confeccionados com as resinas Filtek® Z250 e Filtek® P90 Silorano (3M/ESPE), e depois imersos em saliva artificial a 37 ± 1 ºC durante um, 30 e 90 dias. Os dados foram analisados usando-se ANOVA um fator/dois fatores seguido dos testes Tukey ou Tamhane (α = 0,05). RESULTADO: As médias de sorção das duas resinas aumentaram com o tempo (p = 0,001). A sorção de Z250 (1 e 90 d) foi significativamente maior do que de P90 (p = 0,008), com valores semelhantes após 30 dias. A solubilidade das resinas também aumentou com o tempo, com diferença significativa entre todos os períodos (p = 0,001), exceto para a resina P90 (entre 1 e 30 d). Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos Z250 (1 d) e P90 (1 dia), Z250 (1 d) e P90 (30 d), e Z250 (30 d) e P90 (90 d). Para os demais pares, comprovaram-se diferenças significativas (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: As propriedades de sorção e solubilidade das resinas compostas testadas foram influenciadas pelo tempo de exposição à saliva artificial. O silorano teve desempenho ora melhor ora semelhante à resina de metacrilato.
Oral condition of critical patients and its correlation with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study
Authors: De Marco Andrea Carvalho , Cardoso Camila Galvão , De Marco Fernando Vinicius Cesar , Melo Filho Antonio Braulino de , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves
Published: July 2013

INTRODUCTION: Literature has reported inadequate oral hygiene conditions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and the occurrence of Ventilator-associated pneumonia in about 9%-27% of all intubated patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate ICU patient's oral conditions and correlate this with the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-three patients were categorized in the following way: with periodontal disease and ventilator-associated pneumonia, with periodontal disease and without ventilator-associated pneumonia, without periodontal disease and with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and with neither periodontal disease nor ventilator-associated pneumonia. The periodontal disease index, plaque index, and decay-missing-filled index were used in the assessment. RESULT: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of periodontal disease with respect to ventilator-associated pneumonia, but the number of teeth and surfaces with attachment loss above 4 mm was always greater in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The extent of periodontal disease may contribute to the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, studies with a larger sample are needed to validate this relationship.