bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
БАГАТОВАРІАНТНІ ТА КОМПЛЕКСНІ ЗАДАЧІ ЯК ЗАСОБИ ПЕРЕВІРКИ ЯКОСТІ ЗАСВОЄННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТА КОЛОЇДНОЇ ХІМІЇ У ВИЩОМУ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ
Authors: Grytsan L. D.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – акцентувати увагу викладачів курсу фізичної та колоїдної хімії на виборі засобів для об’єктивної оцінки якості засвоєння програмного матеріалу студентами різних форм навчання.Основна частина. Проведено аналіз літературних даних та власного багаторічного досвіду викладання фізичної та колоїдної хімії з метою вибору оптимальних методів та форм контролю набутих знань мaйбутніми працівниками фармацевтичної галузі, які навчаються за різними спеціальностями.Скорочення обсягу аудиторних годин, які відводяться для вивчення фундаментальних дисциплін, у тому числі і фізичної та колоїдної хімії, вимагає від викладача певну частину програмного матеріалу курсу виносити на самостійне опрацювання студентами. У свою чергу, це потребує від викладача правильного вибору засобів контролю знань студентів. У статті проаналізовано роль багатоваріантних та комплексних задач в організації контрольних заходів з метою перевірки якості засвоєння студентами програмного матеріалу курсу фізичної та колоїдної хімії.Висновки. 1. Розв’язання багатоваріантних та комплексних задач суттєво розширює можливості об’єктивного та всебічного контролю знань, умінь та навичок, набутих студентами. Його обов’язково треба поєднувати з іншими методами контролю, такими, як тестування, усна відповідь, підготовка доповіді на студентську конференцію, реферату та ін. 2. При розв’язуванні профілізованих багатоваріантних та комплексних задач викладач має нагоду підкреслити міждисциплінарну інтеграцію, а студенти – краще зрозуміти необхідність вивчення курсу фізичної та колоїдної хімії з метою подальшого опанування медико-біологічних і спеціальних дисциплін. 3. Перевагою використання в навчальному процесі багатоваріантних задач є можливість для викладача дати кожному студенту індивідуальне завдання з певної теми. Такі задачі можуть бути використані і як засіб контролю якості освіти.
ДОСВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДУ НАВЧАННЯ НА КАФЕДРІ ПАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ АНАТОМІЇ, ОСНОВАНОГО НА ПРИНЦИПІ РОЗБОРУ КЛІНІЧНИХ ВИПАДКІВ (CASE-BASED LEARNING). ЧАСТИНА 2: АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Bondarenko O. O. , Petruk N. S. , Shponka I. S.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи. Стаття присвячена аналізу результатів апробації методу викладання, основаного на принципі розбору клінічних випадків, що проводилося на кафедрі патологічної анатомії ДЗ “ДМА МОЗ України” протягом 2016–2017 академічного року. Дану методику оцінювали з погляду ефективності підготовки студентів до державного іспиту “Крок-1” та за допомогою опитування студентів щодо задоволеності новим методом викладання.Основна частина. Досліджуваний метод навчання був впроваджений на практичних заняттях поряд із збереженим графіком лекцій серед груп англомовних студентів медичного факультету третього курсу у 2016–2017 н. р. У цілому, в апробації методу взяли участь 129 студентів. Показано, що переважна більшість студентів (81 %), що взяли участь в опитуванні, позитивно схвалювали запропонований метод навчання, також відзначався приріст відсотка  успішного складання тестового проміжного контролю на зимовій сесії з курсу “Загальна патоморфологія” при порівнянні з минулорічним результатом.Висновок. Робота з отриманим в якості завдання персональним клінічним випадком наближає студента до сценаріїв із майбутньої практичної діяльності та, як результат, стимулює і мотивує його отримувати якісні професійні знання.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ МАГІСТРІВ СЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ СПРАВИ У ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАСОБАМИ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Yastremska S. O.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – висвітлення концептуальних засад професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів сестринської справи у вищих медичних навчальних закладах засобами дистанційного навчання.Основна частина. Основна ідея статті полягає у визначенні та науковому обґрунтуванні нової концепції організації професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів сестринської справи засобами дистанційного навчання, здатної виконувати функції теоретико-методологічного підґрунтя моделювання освітнього процесу. Розроблена концепція є авторським уявленням реалізації процесу дистанційного навчання майбутніх магістрів сестринської справи та охоплює провідну ідею й основні поняття дослідження. Ядро концепції, змістовно-смислове наповнення, представлене моделлю професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів сестринської справи у вищих медичних навчальних закладах засобами дистанційного навчання.Висновок. Розроблена концепція професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів сестринської справи у вищих медичних навчальних закладах засобами дистанційного навчання є системою сучасних поглядів, ідей, цільових установок, пріоритетних напрямів розвитку вищої медсестринської освіти з урахуванням реальних умов модернізації системи охорони здоров’я.
ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ РІЗНИХ МЕТОДИК ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ЕСЕНЦІАЛЬНОЇ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОЇ ТА ПСЕВДОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОЇ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ ДЛЯ ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ ЗІ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ “ЗАГАЛЬНА ПРАКТИКА – СІМЕЙНА МЕДИЦИНА”
Authors: Voloshyna O. B. , Zbitnieva V. O. , Lysyy I. S. , Naidenova O. V. , Balashova I. V. , Dukova O. R.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – оцінити ефективність засвоєння лікарями-інтернами удосконаленої нами методики диференційної діагностики есенціальної РАГ та ПРАГ у порівнянні з загальноприйнятою методикою.Основна частина. У дослідження було включено 120 пацієнтів (чоловіків – 68 (56,7 %); жінок – 52 (43,3 %); середній вік – (55±8,8) року) з гіпертонічною хворобою. Всі пацієнти мали вихідний рівень артеріального тиску (АТ) вище за 140/90 мм рт. ст. при прийомі 3-х та більше антигіпертензивних препаратів (АГП), один із яких діуретик. Лікарі-інтерни першого року навчання були розподілені на дві групи: І група – контрольна (30 інтернів) – опрацьовувала традиційну методику диференційної діаг­ностики есенціальної РАГ та ПРАГ; ІІ група (30 інтернів) – навчалась нової методики диференційної діагностики есенціальної РАГ та ПРАГ.Строки проведення диференційної діагностики РАГ та ПРАГ запропонованою нами методикою склали (3,9±2,6) дня, у порівнянні з традиційною методикою – (16,4±6,8) дня (p<0,01). Впровадження запропонованої методики дозволило лікарям-інтернам основної групи краще орієнтуватись у причинах вторинних форм РАГ – 25 ((83,3±6,8) %), у порівнянні з контрольною групою – 14 ((46,7±9,1) %) інтернів (p<0,01). Внаслідок проведеної роботи збільшилась кількість інтернів, які опанували методику диференційної діагностики РАГ та ПРАГ, з 12 ((40,0±8,9) %) до 24 ((80,0±7,3) %) в основній групі (p<0,001), та з 14 ((46,7±9,1) %) до 18 ((60,0±8,9) %) інтернів контрольної групи (p>0,5).Висновок. Удосконалена нами методика викладання знань і навичок диференційної діагностики есенціальної РАГ і ПРАГ дозволяє значно скоротити строки її проведення та достовірно покращити засвоєння знань і практичних навичок у лікарів-інтернів зі спеціальності “Загальна практика – сімейна медицина”.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ КООПЕРАТИВНОГО НАВЧАННЯ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР АВСТРІЇ
Authors: Palasyuk H. B. , Palasyuk B. M. , Yarema N. M.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – аналіз використання технологій кооперативного навчання у професійній підготовці австрійських медичних сестер.Основна частина. Кооперативне навчання широко використовується на різних рівнях австрійської освіти. Перевагами кооперативного навчання є підвищення академічних результатів студентів; розвиток здатності критично мислити і нестереотипно сприймати інших людей; позитивний психологічний клімат у групі; прагнення студентів до співробітництва та конструктивної соціалізації; наявність емпатійної реакції, взаємопідтримки, симпатії та дружніх стосунків у колективі; позитивне ставлення студентів до навчання, викладачів та навчального закладу; особистісне зростання; високий рівень самоповаги та психічного здоров’я, яке виявляється в емоційній врівноваженості, усвідомленні особистісної індивідуальності, прояві довіри, оптимістичному сприйнятті світу й оточення. Педагоги розробили п’ять базових принципів кооперативного навчання, які відрізняють його від традиційних групових форм роботи на занятті: позитивної взаємозалежності; індивідуальної відповідальності; тісної міжособистісної взаємодії; здійснення успішної комунікації; груповий аналіз результатів, який проводиться з метою оцінки успішності досягнення спільної мети навчальної діяльності та продуктивності кооперації.Важливе значення застосування технології кооперативного навчання у професійній підготовці медичних сестер полягає у тому, що, на відміну від традиційних форм і методів навчальної діяльності, кооперативне навчання допомагає досягнути не лише когнітивної, а також мотиваційної та емоційної мети, розвиває здатність взяти на себе відповідальність за власне навчання, тобто вміння самостійно організувати навчальний процес. При цьому важливу роль відіграє здатність до саморефлексії, тобто вміння самостійно оцінювати власні результати та досягнення.Висновок. Використання технологій кооперативного навчання  дозволяє не тільки вдосконалити практичні навички, а й розвинути клінічне мислення майбутніх фахівців з медсестринства, адаптувати їх до нестандартних ситуацій, відпрацювати  всі необхідні етапи діяльності  майбутньої медсестри.
НОВІТНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ПРОГРЕСИВНИЙ МЕТОД ПОКРАЩЕННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТІСНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПРЕДМЕТУ «АНАТОМІЯ ЛЮДИНИ» ЗА УМОВ ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Herasymyuk I. Ye. , Miz A. V. , Krynytska I. Ya. , Pryshlyak A. M. , Reminetskyy B. Ya.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – запропонувати студентам та викладачам медичного факультету засоби та обґрунтувати методи для компетентнісного покращення навчання та засвоєння предмету «Анатомія людини», як фундаментальної дисципліни при здобуванні професії лікаря в умовах мультикультуральності та інтернаціоналізацїї вищої освіти в Україні.Основна частина. У статті окреслені виклики та проблеми з якими стикнулися вищі медичні навчальні заклади за умов інтернаціоналізації освіти в Україні в останні роки, як приклад наведена кафедра анатомії людини Тернопільського державного медичного університету ім. І.Я. Горбачевського. Описано як впровадження та застосування новітніх технологій та методів допомагають компетентнісно підвищити якість навчання анатомії людини та покращити засвоюваність матеріалу серед студентів.Висновок. Використання  новітніх засобів та технологій в підготовці кваліфікованих спеціалістів у галузі медицини однозначно. Допомагає студентам краще засвоїти предмет «анатомія людини» та опанувати практичні навички, сприяє виробленню у студента творчого підходу до навчання, навчає його аналізу та синтезу при роботі з інформацією, сприяє професійному розвитку викладачів і студентів, робить студента само організованим, розвиває здібності мислити самостійно, робить процес навчання цікавим та динамічним, а також створює всім студентам, без виключення, рівні можливості.
A antrozoologia em Tolstói: uma releitura do procedimento de singularização em Kholstomér
Authors: Renaux Sigrid Scherrer
Published: January 2018

A antrozoologia – o estudo da interação entre pessoas e animais e tema acadêmico recente – encontra, na literatura, um escritor ímpar em Liev Tolstói, por meio do conto Kholstomér, que narra as relações de um cavalo com seres humanos e, principalmente, sua compreensão dessas relações. Esta interação foi teorizada por Victor Chklovski em “A arte como procedimento”, no qual afirma que o procedimento da arte é o da singularização dos objetos, que consiste em obscurecer a forma, aumentar a dificuldade e a duração da percepção. Este efeito de estranhamento ocorre num trecho da parte central de Kholstomér, no qual “a narração é conduzida por um cavalo e os objetos são singularizados pela percepção emprestada ao animal e não pela nossa”. Entretanto, como Chklovski apresenta a singularização da percepção do cavalo apenas em relação ao direito de propriedade dos homens, o objetivo deste trabalho é captar, por meio do narrador onisciente intruso, os elementos que antecipam este processo a partir do início da narrativa, bem como trechos subsequentes à parte central que o retomam. Destarte, a abrangência de sua aplicação se tornaria o efeito predominante no relacionamento cavalo-homem, destacando o impacto emocional/artístico do enredo bem como a humanidade e contemporaniedade de Tolstói.
“E você, pretura?” Ou do imperativo ético por trás da criação estética em Caçadas de Pedrinho, de Monteiro Lobato: sob uma perspectiva sartreana
Authors: Santos Luana Alves dos
Published: January 2018

Tomando como ponto de partida a recente polêmica em torno das acusações de racismo dirigidas ao livro Caçadas de Pedrinho, de Monteiro Lobato, o presente artigo procura fazer uma reflexão quanto ao entrelaçamento das exigências de cunho ético ao campo da criação estética. Para tanto, recorreremos às considerações tecidas por Jean-Paul Sartre acerca daquilo que o filósofo francês julga ser a natureza do texto em prosa. Trata-se, portanto, de investigar, sob o viés sartreano, o modo pelo qual tia Nastácia é nomeada e, a partir daí, desvelar a representação que se faz do negro, nessa obra.
Quilombos editoriais
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiane Cristine
Published: January 2018

Este artigo dedica-se a apresentar um panorama daquilo que denomino “quilombos editoriais”, ou seja, as redes editoriais criadas e mantidas por autores negros como forma de resistir aos filtros editoriais estabelecidos pelas demais editoras e garantir a circulação de obras e autores negros, com discursos afrocentrados e temas pertinentes à totalidade de sua vivência enquanto indivíduos.
Notas sobre o Romance Brasileiro de Autoras Negras
Authors: Miranda Fernanda Rodrigues
Published: January 2018

Como escritoras negras constituem sua voz autoral no romance? Abordaremos a questão a partir da leitura de Úrsula (1859), As mulheres de Tijucopapo (1982) e Um defeito de cor (2006), romances escritos por autoras negras em diferentes momentos da história. No texto de Maria Firmina dos Reis, a autoria negra se constitui no discurso, não se apóia em índices de auto-referencialidade da escritora, posto não haver registros de sua imagem nem maiores detalhes de sua biografia. Na obra de Marilene Felinto, inexiste correspondência entre o posicionamento da autora frente a escrita literária negra e a construção da personagem narradora, cuja trajetória se pauta na intersecção raça, classe, gênero, localidade. Por fim, Ana Maria Gonçalves ficcionaliza a própria constituição de seu lugar autoral ao inventar um manuscrito da historia narrada, investindo na autoria enquanto agenciamento coletivo de enunciação negra, mesclando sua voz a Luiza Mahin – signo de grande potência para o feminismo negro.
O devir feminino como possibilidade: Toda Vulva Diz Cus São, de Letícia Conde
Authors: Souza Larissa Da Silva Lisboa
Published: January 2018

O devir feminino como possibilidade: Toda Vulva Diz Cus São, de Letícia Conde
Olhar em curso
Authors: Langston Hughes James Mercer , Araújo Giovanna Gobbi Alves
Published: January 2018

Tradução para o português, realizada por Giovanna Gobbi Alves Araújo, dos poemas "I, too", "I look at the world" e "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" do poeta negro norte-americano James Mercer Langston Hughes (1902-1967), uma das figuras centrais do movimento cultural Harlem Renaissance iniciado na década de 1920 em Nova Iorque.
Graciliano Ramos lê Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Carmelin Bruna Letícia Pinheiro , Infante Ulisses
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho estuda os textos críticos de Graciliano Ramos sobre a versão original de Sagarana, de Guimarães Rosa, que concorreu ao prêmio do concurso “Humberto de Campos”, em 1938, e objetiva mapear e descrever os principais apontamentos da leitura realizada pelo crítico antes e depois da publicação de Sagarana, em 1946. Ao destacar a vivacidade do diálogo, a exatidão da descrição, a segurança da narrativa e a exemplaridade na construção de figuras humanas e na representação do mundo animal, a leitura de Graciliano dialoga com os trabalhos posteriores de crítica de Candido (2002), Milliet (1981) e Lins (1963) sobre o livro de Guimarães Rosa, principalmente, por já indicar aspectos de análise que seriam desenvolvidos de modo recorrente pela crítica.
Fiel à literatura: entrevista com André Seffrin, organizador de Contos e novelas reunidos, de Samuel Rawet
Authors: Gonçalves Luciano De Jesus
Published: January 2018

Entrevista com o o crítico e ensaísta André Seffrin, organizador da edição de Contos e novelas reunidos, de Samuel Rawet (Civilização Brasileira, 2004).
O homem, meu deus, era coisa
Authors: Bense João Paulo
Published: January 2018

Artigo crítico sobre o conto "Coisa", de Enrique Andres de Oliveira Aue, publicado neste número da Opiniães.
Multifunctional Role of Chymase in Acute and Chronic Tissue Injury and Remodeling
Authors: Dell’Italia Louis J. , Collawn James F. , Ferrario Carlos M.
Published: January 2018

Chymase is the most efficient Ang II (angiotensin II)–forming enzyme in the human body and has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases that also implicate its many other protease actions. Largely thought to be the product of mast cells, the identification of other cellular sources including cardiac fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells demonstrates a more widely dispersed production and distribution system in various tissues. Furthermore, newly emerging evidence for its intracellular presence in cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells opens an entirely new compartment of chymase-mediated actions that were previously thought to be limited to the extracellular space. This review illustrates how these multiple chymase-mediated mechanisms of action can explain the residual risk in clinical trials of cardiovascular disease using conventional renin–angiotensin system blockade.
The Role of Posterior Parietal Cortex in Beat-based Timing Perception: A Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Study
Authors: Ross Jessica M. , Iversen John R. , Balasubramaniam Ramesh
Published: January 2018

There is growing interest in how the brain's motor systems contribute to the perception of musical rhythms. The Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction hypothesis proposes that the dorsal auditory stream is involved in bidirectional interchange between auditory perception and beat-based prediction in motor planning structures via parietal cortex [Patel, A. D., & Iversen, J. R. The evolutionary neuroscience of musical beat perception: The Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction (ASAP) hypothesis. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 57, 2014]. We used a TMS protocol, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), that is known to down-regulate cortical activity for up to 60 min following stimulation to test for causal contributions to beat-based timing perception. cTBS target areas included the left posterior parietal cortex (lPPC), which is part of the dorsal auditory stream, and the left SMA (lSMA). We hypothesized that down-regulating lPPC would interfere with accurate beat-based perception by disrupting the dorsal auditory stream. We hypothesized that we would induce no interference to absolute timing ability. We predicted that down-regulating lSMA, which is not part of the dorsal auditory stream but has been implicated in internally timed movements, would also interfere with accurate beat-based timing perception. We show ( n = 25) that cTBS down-regulation of lPPC does interfere with beat-based timing ability, but only the ability to detect shifts in beat phase, not changes in tempo. Down-regulation of lSMA, in contrast, did not interfere with beat-based timing. As expected, absolute interval timing ability was not impacted by the down-regulation of lPPC or lSMA. These results support that the dorsal auditory stream plays an essential role in accurate phase perception in beat-based timing. We find no evidence of an essential role of parietal cortex or SMA in interval timing.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXIV. Didymochlaenaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: January 2018

We provide a synopsis to the family Didymochlaenaceae in Bolivia, comprising the single pantropical species, Didymochlaena truncatula.
Taxonomic review of the subgenus Andrena (Poecilandrena) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Israel and the Levant
Authors: PISANTY GIDEON , SCHEUCHL ERWIN , DORCHIN NETTA
Published: January 2018

Andrena (Poecilandrena) Hedicke is a subgenus of small solitary bees, with the greatest diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region—an important but understudied biodiversity hotspot for bees. We studied Andrena (Poecilandrena) collected mostly in Israel and the West Bank, and make several additions to the regional fauna. We provide the first comprehensive review of Andrena (Poecilandrena) species currently known from Israel, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, including diagnostic keys to females and males, descriptions of new species and unknown sexes, and detailed information for each taxon regarding distribution, phenology and flower visitation. Our review includes fourteen species of Andrena (Poecilandrena) from the Levant, including five species new to science: A. freidbergi Pisanty & Scheuchl n. sp., A. galilaea Pisanty & Scheuchl n. sp., A. hierosolymitana Pisanty & Scheuchl n. sp., A. sedumella Scheuchl & Pisanty n. sp., and A. stenofovea Scheuchl & Pisanty n. sp. We also report four species as new to the region, and provide the first description of the male of A. rusticola Warncke. We exclude A. arabica Scheuchl & Gusenleitner from the subgenus, and synonymize it with A. helouanensis Friese. We anticipate that more collecting work in this region will yield additional undescribed taxa as well as new records, especially of taxa already known from Turkey. In the appendix to this work we provide information on 35 new records of other Andrena subgenera from Israel and the West Bank that have accumulated in recent years.
Five new species of Stenochrus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: MONJARAZ-RUEDAS RODRIGO , FRANCKE OSCAR F.
Published: January 2018

The North American genus Stenochrus is represented by 22 species distributed mainly in Mexico, Central America and the U.S.A.; the genus was erected originally to place the species Stenochrus portoricensis and was characterized by the presence of lateral lobes reduced on female spermathecae, male flagellum without important dorsal relief, pedipalps without distinctive armature and without posterodorsal process on segment XII. Here we describe five new species from the Mexican state of Oaxaca; we discuss the presence of dimorphic males in the genus. With this contribution the genus Stenochrus reaches 27 species, becoming the second most diverse genus of schizomids in the New World.
A new Indian species of shoot and capsule borer of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom
Authors: SHASHANK P.R. , KAMMAR VASUDEV , MALLY RICHARD , CHAKRAVARTHY A.K.
Published: January 2018

A new species, Conogethes sahyadriensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom, is described from India. The species status is supported by diagnostic morphology as well as by genetic data. A phylogenetic analysis based on the publicly available Conogethes COI barcode sequences finds C. sahyadriensis as sister to C. pluto, and it further reveals a number of clades that potentially represent additional undescribed species.The new species is delineated from closely related and superficially similar species of Conogethes.
Drepanosticta emtrai sp. nov. from Vietnam with a discussion of Drepanosticta vietnamica Asahina, 1997 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)
Authors: DOW RORY A. , KOMPIER TOM , PHAN QUOC TOAN
Published: January 2018

Drepanosticta emtrai sp. nov. is described from Vietnam (holotype male Ha Tinh Province, 9 vi 2015, to be deposited in RMNH). The new species is allied to D. carmichaeli (Laidlaw, 1915) and a number of other species of Drepanosticta including D. vietnamica Asahina, 1997. New illustrations of the paratype of D. vietnamica are provided and the species is discussed. The Drepanosticta carmichaeli-group, to which the above mentioned species belong, is defined and discussed.
Rare myodocopid ostracods from Mesozoic sections of Hungary: summary, revision and description of new taxa
Authors: TÓTH EMŐKE , CSÉFÁN TÜNDE
Published: January 2018

With the exception of polycopids, Mesozoic myodocopid ostracods are regarded as uncommon in the fossil record. They are known from a few localities in the Tethys, and most of them are considered to be pelagic forms. However, a relatively rich and taxonomically diverse material is derived from Hungarian sections; these represent various formations deposited during the Triassic to Cretaceous.The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge of Mesozoic myodocopids and to provide new information concerning their classification and phylogenetic relations. This includes new occurrences of Triassic entomozoid Schallreuterizoe groosae Kozur, 2004, cylindroleberidid Triadocypris sp., cypridinid Palaeocypridina tulceaensis Sebe, 2013, Jurassic thaumatocyprid Pokornyopsis cf. bettenstaedti (Bartenstein, 1949) and P. feifeli (Triebel, 1941). The revision of the holotype of gigantic Triassic Triadogigantocypris balatonica Monostori, 1991 give new results concerning the valve structure and taxonomic position of the genus. Two new genera (Neorichterina n. gen. and Hungaroleberis n. gen.) and four new species (Neorichterina striata n. sp., Pokornyopsis csurgokutensis n. sp., Hungaroleberis retiferus n. sp. and Palaeocypridina goeroegae n. sp.) of the subclass Myodocopa are described. Moreover, most of the Albian to Cenomanian representatives of “Conchoecia” are newly classified as Entomozoidae (Neorichterina n. gen.), which allows to extend the range of the family up to the Cretaceous. A summary of the relevant assemblages present in Hungary will help to complement the existing, previously published literature on myodocopids, and also clarify details about the phylogenetic model of the group.
A new high-altitude species of centipede from the Andes of Ecuador (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)
Authors: PEREIRA LUIS ALBERTO
Published: January 2018

Pectiniunguis aequatorialis sp. nov. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) is described and illustrated on the basis of specimens collected in the Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve in the High Andes of Ecuador. The new species is characterized by having ventral pore-fields on the anterior region of the trunk only, a trait that is shared by a single Neotropical congener: Pectiniunguis ascendens Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994 to which it is similar and is compared taxonomically. This is only the second report of a species of the genus Pectiniunguis Bollman, 1889 from mainland Ecuador. The other taxon is Pectiniunguis roigi Pereira, Foddai & Minelli, 2001, so far only known from the type locality, Limoncocha (Sucumbíos Province), and herein reported for the first time from Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo-Galeras (Napo Province).
Two Approaches to Focus Group Data Collection for Qualitative Health Research
Authors: Flynn Rachel , Albrecht Lauren , Scott Shannon D.
Published: January 2018

This article discusses four challenges to conducting qualitative focus groups: (1) maximizing research budgets through innovative methodological approaches, (2) recruiting health-care professionals for qualitative health research, (3) conducting focus groups with health-care professionals across geographically dispersed areas, and (4) taking into consideration data richness when using different focus group data collection methods. In light of these challenges, we propose two alternative approaches for collecting focus group data: (a) extended period of quantitative data collection that facilitated relationship building in the sites prior to qualitative focus groups and (b) focus groups by videoconference. We share our experiences on employing both of these approaches in two national research programs.
The Couple Interview as a Method of Collecting Data in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Studies
Authors: Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Helen
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to discuss the couple interview as a method of collecting data in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies. This study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa, with the aim of understanding the experience of living in an HIV-serodiscordant relationship. Seven HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples were interviewed (dyadic interviews). This article provides a brief overview of these HIV-serodiscordant couples, as well as gives reasons for using IPA as a methodology for exploring the experiences of HIV-serodiscordant couples and explains the processes and outcomes involved. This article also presents the strengths of using the couple interview such as obtaining in-depth information and observing couple interaction. This is not possible during an individual interview. During the couple interview, the sitting position, interaction, gender, and power dynamics need to be observed. It is recommended that the interviewers be very skilled and experienced. The interviewers need to manage interactions during the interview and be able to adapt the process according to the participants’ cultural practices and preferences. This will improve the use of the couple interview as a data collection method in IPA studies when exploring sensitive issues.
Immunologic and Virologic Outcomes of Obese and Nonobese Incarcerated Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection
Authors: Bunnell Kristen L. , Aldossari Arwa , Perkins Connor , Schriever Christopher , Chiampas Thomas D. , Young Jeremy D. , Patel Mahesh C. , Badowski Melissa
Published: January 2018

Background:

Obesity is common among patients with HIV. The objective of this study was to characterize response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of obese incarcerated adults compared to a nonobese cohort.

Methods:

A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted in an HIV telemedicine clinic. Patients with body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 who received the same ART with >95% adherence for at least 6 months were matched to nonobese patients by age, gender, ART, CD4 count, and viral load at baseline.

Results:

Twenty pairs were included, with an average BMI of 24 kg/m2 in the nonobese cohort and 35 kg/m2 in the obese cohort. No difference was observed in the proportion of patients who achieved virologic suppression or the change in CD4 count from baseline to 6 to 12 months.

Conclusion:

This study revealed no differences in immunologic recovery or virologic suppression between obese and nonobese patients in an adult correctional population.
Intraoperative Brief Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Accessory Nerve (BEST SPIN) for prevention of shoulder dysfunction after oncologic neck dissection: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barber Brittany , Seikaly Hadi , Ming Chan K. , Beaudry Rhys , Rychlik Shannon , Olson Jaret , Curran Matthew , Dziegielewski Peter , Biron Vincent , Harris Jeffrey , McNeely Margaret , O'Connell Daniel
Published: January 2018

Background

Shoulder dysfunction is common after neck dissection for head and neck cancer (HNC). Brief electrical stimulation (BES) is a novel technique that has been shown to enhance neuronal regeneration after nerve injury by modulating the brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) pathways. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BES on postoperative shoulder function following oncologic neck dissection.

Methods

Adult participants with a new diagnosis of HNC undergoing Level IIb +/− V neck dissection were recruited. Those in the treatment group received intraoperative BES applied to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) after completion of neck dissection for 60 min of continuous 20 Hz stimulation at 3-5 V of 0.1 msec balanced biphasic pulses, while those in the control group received no stimulation (NS). The primary outcome measured was the Constant-Murley Shoulder (CMS) Score, comparing changes from baseline to 12 months post-neck dissection. Secondary outcomes included the change in the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (ΔNDII) score and the change in compound muscle action potential amplitude (ΔCMAP) over the same period.

Results

Fifty-four patients were randomized to the treatment or control group with a 1:1 allocation scheme. No differences in demographics, tumor characteristics, or neck dissection types were found between groups. Significantly lower ΔCMS scores were observed in the BES group at 12 months, indicating better preservation of shoulder function ( p = 0.007). Only four in the BES group compared to 17 patients in the NS groups saw decreases greater than the minimally important clinical difference (MICD) of the CMS ( p = 0.023). However, NDII scores ( p = 0.089) and CMAP amplitudes ( p = 0.067) between the groups did not reach statistical significance at 12 months. BES participants with Level IIb + V neck dissections had significantly better ΔCMS and ΔCMAP scores at 12 months ( p = 0.048 and p = 0.025, respectively).

Conclusions

Application of BES to the SAN may help reduce impaired shoulder function in patients undergoing oncologic neck dissection, and may be considered a viable adjunct to functional rehabilitation therapies.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02268344, October 17, 2014).
Compulsory Treatment in the Community: Is it Authorized under the Mental Health Act 1983?
Authors: Rohde Peter
Published: January 2018

The Mental Health Act 1983 stimulated discussion on all aspects of compulsion in psychiatry. It has been the practice at St. Mary Abbots Hospital to use the powers granted by Section 39 of the 1959 Act and Section 17 of the 1983 Act as a means of compelling a small number of seriously ill patients to take medicines in the community, and I described this practice briefly in a recent article.
Some Lessons from Maternity Leave
Authors: Brown Linda
Published: January 2018

I have now returned to work as Senior Registrar in general psychiatry after six months' maternity leave. I was extremely anxious about returning after a long leave and realized that this was something I had often warned patients about. I have now experienced it myself, and recognizing its value to my practice prompted me to review my experiences whilst on leave and to write about them.
Psychiatric Training in Avon—Integrated or Separate Posts?
Authors: Barnes H. E. , Morgan H. Gethin , Barker M. G. , Babiker I. E.
Published: January 2018

General professional training in psychiatry under the eye of the College has changed rapidly over the past twenty years providing benefit, as well as upheaval, for trainee and trainer alike. Along with the increased structure of training has come a change in trainees' career planning—as in all branches of medicine, perhaps—so that less sampling of different specialties and earlier commitment to a final career specialty is now taking place. This, together with the more formalized and structured training stipulations, has led to the development of so-called integrated training schemes in many centres. In Avon it has been felt that such a scheme would be neither practical nor in the trainees' best interests; but a persistent call by a proportion of trainees has fuelled continuing debate over several years.
The Use of Film in Psychiatry
Authors: Pilkington Thomas L.
Published: January 2018

The magic lantern was first demonstrated in 1660 by Christian Huygens, a Dutch physicist, and by the 18th century ‘moving’ slides were being shown, as in Robertson's ‘Phantasmagoria’ in 1798. At the same time dissolving slides, using more than one lantern, and optical toys, based on persistence of vision, were being displayed. The resynthesis of motion recorded as photographic images was first carried out by Eudweard J. Muybridge in 1879, using twenty-four cameras and trip wires to photograph a moving horse. The development of flexible light-sensitive film, in association with an intermittent movement and shutter, anticipated the inauguration of the public cinema in 1896.
Reflections
Authors: Millar W. Malcolm
Published: January 2018

A game of chess, a novel and a career all have in common a beginning, a middle and an end. And there is usually a postscript or a post-mortem to round it off: this is, for me at the moment, the first of these.
Informing Relatives about Schizophrenia
Authors: Carstairs G. M. , Early D. F. , Rollin H. R. , Wing J. K.
Published: January 2018

One of the chief problems mentioned by the relatives of people suffering from schizophrenia is the difficulty in obtaining factual and practical advice. Many have struggled on for years, using trial-and-error methods, without knowing whether their lack of success was due to the immutable course of events, to ignorance, or to a deficiency in themselves of the ability to care. Some have made tentative enquiries but have been given a more or less polite brush-off. Although most relatives, like most sufferers, do eventually become aware of the diagnosis, it is rare for them to be given this information as part of a long-term plan of management which they are invited to share with professional staff and patient, and even more unusual for them to be told early in the course of the disorder.
On the Use of Psychiatric Resources for Indirect Service
Authors: Parkes Colin
Published: January 2018

This article sets out the conclusions and recommendations of a multidisciplinary working party which from November 1975 considered ‘the extent to which psychiatric resources should be devoted to collaboration and consultation with other care givers rather than to the provision of direct clinical service, and to look at the implications of this for the planning of services and training of psychiatrists’. The working party comprised four sub-groups covering collaboration and consultation with the Community Psychiatric Team, with the Primary Care Team, with volunteers and with educational bodies. Reports from these sub-groups were subsequently collated and edited to make up this paper.
From ‘Child Guidance’ to ‘Child and Family Psychiatry’: Problems of Interdisciplinary Communication
Authors: Black Michael , Harris Jean
Published: January 2018

In March 1974 the DES and DHSS published a Joint Circular giving advice to local authorities on the provision and organization of Child Guidance (1). It recommended the establishment of interdisciplinary working parties whose brief would be to report to their Joint Consultative Committees (the function of which was defined by the DHSS in 1974) and hence, by December 1976, to the Ministries.
Infanticide
Authors: Bluglass Robert
Published: January 2018

Infanticide is a unique offence. The law decrees that the possession of a certain state of mind at the time that a recently delivered mother kills her child is sufficient to reduce her criminal responsibility for her actions. The law does not require evidence of a direct connection between the state of mind and the killing, and the consequences are not defined. She is to be dealt with as if she were guilty of the offence of manslaughter.
1. From the Chairman, Education Committee's Working Party of Trainees
Authors: Gill David
Published: January 2018

The Joint Committee on Higher Psychiatric Training (JCHPT) was set up to monitor the standards of higher training in psychiatry and also ‘to accredit completion of training by the award of an appropriate certificate’.*
Litigation in Psychiatry
Authors: Taylor J. Leahy
Published: January 2018

‘In fact I do not believe I have ever done so, not even when a patient came to see me in H … Street with his solicitor. He wanted to sue me for wrongful certification, but when I asked him if he was still Jesus Christ and he assured me that he was, his solicitor quietly took him away.’
Assessors' Reports on Advisory Appointments Committees
Authors: Brook Peter
Published: January 2018

Since 1970, College assessors on consultant appointments committees have been asked to supply information on a confidential basis about applicants and those interviewed. The information includes the number of applicants, assessors' opinions on their training and experience, numbers interviewed, their quality, and the main deficiencies of all those seen; finally, the number of overseas graduates applying or short-listed. In addition, the assessors are asked to make any general comments about the interview, and these have sometimes taken the form of a letter or memorandum, paricularly when the assessor has felt unhappy about the candidate appointed.
Safeguarding Confidentiality: A Reply
Authors: Wing J. K.
Published: January 2018

Most psychiatrists have been willing, for some 30 years, to supply information to a central register held in a Government department. This confidence has not been abused. It may not be generally known that even medical research workers do not have access to names or other identifying information. They must submit lists of names which they have already acquired, with appropriate permission, in some other way. If their bona fides, which is strictly examined, is considered by the medical officer responsible for confidentiality to be beyond reproach, they are issued with the name of the hospital where the patient was admitted. They must then apply to that hospital for any further information they require. The decision as to whether to release the information lies in the hands of the local medical committee or individual consultant, according to local practice. The DHSS has frequently reaffirmed that this procedure has always been followed and that it will always be adhered to.
The Scribe's Column
Authors:   Ezra the Scribe
Published: January 2018

There have been some complaints that the term ‘diagnostic formulation’ has caused difficulties to examiners and candidates for the MRCPsych Examination, and APIT have recently written an open letter to the chief examiner about this (Bulletin, April, p. 67). This has caused me to think about the problem, and to jot down a few thoughts (most of which I may say I have stolen from other people). Initially examination candidates were expected to submit a formulation in writing, but this is no longer the case. Examiners, however, still expect a brief diagnostic formulation. I have therefore summarized four accounts of ‘formulation’.
A Note on Moral Insanity and Psychopathic Disorders
Authors: Whitlock F. A.
Published: January 2018

Despite a good deal of argument to the contrary (Maughs, 1941; Hunter and Macalpine, 1963; Walk, 1954; Walk and Walker, 1961; Craft, 1965; Whitlock, 1967) it is still commonly believed that Prichard's ‘moral insanity’ (1835) was the forerunner of our present-day concept of psychopathic (sociopathic) personality; the most recent example of this appearing in the paper by Davies and Feldman (1981), who write: ‘In 1801 Pinel described a condition termed by him manie sans délire, the notable feature of which was that the sufferer showed bouts of extreme violence but with no signs of psychosis … Prichard confirmed Pinel's observation and coined the term “moral insanity” which led to “a marked perversion of the natural impulses”.’ A number of modern textbooks (Sim, 1974; Friedman et al, 1975; Slater and Roth, 1977; Trethowan, 1979) also appear to regard moral insanity as the precursor of psychopathic disorder, although Trethowan correctly noted how the word ‘moral’ denoted ‘affective’ and was not being used in the usual ethical sense. He went on, however, to write that Prichard described cases showing antisocial or even criminal behaviour.
Psychiatric Research in India
Authors: Wig N. N.
Published: January 2018

The progress of psychiatry in India during the last 35 years is indeed impressive. At the time of Independence in 1947, there were just a handful of Indian psychiatrists looking after some 20 odd mental hospitals scattered throughout the country. Colonel M. Taylor (1946), who reviewed the status of mental health services for the Bhore Committee on Health Survey Development in India, ruefully noted the gross inadequacy of mental health services. A major recommendation of the Committee (1946) was to start local training facilities for doctors and other health professionals in the field of mental health. The first landmark was the opening of the All India Institute of Mental Health at Bangalore in 1954. The role of Dr Mayer-Gross, who was closely associated with the development of this Institute in its early years, will be long remembered by many Indian psychiatrists.
Trials of an Approval Team Convener
Authors: Bridges Paul K.
Published: January 2018

I have been a member of the Southern Division Approval Panel since its inception in 1972. Thereafter I visited, with other panel members, two or three hospitals per year. I became Convener in 1978 and in my four years in office I visited over 35 hospitals, although these were not all separate visits. I look after a catchment area in South-East London, with all the in-patient services at Bexley Hospital. It is entirely my personal opinion that if I was not involved with a district service I probably would not have accepted the invitation to be a convener. I do not think I would necessarily have been a worse convener, but I might have been rather less credible.
A Visit to Baghdad
Authors: Smith Andrew C.
Published: January 2018

In 1973, Morris Carstairs, writing in the Journal (123, 271–77) on the psychiatric problems of developing countries, made references to Baghdad: the newly completed teaching hospital had very few nurses, and might have been a misguidedly expensive project for a developing country; there were no psychiatric beds in the teaching hospital; the out-patient clinic was primitive; and the students learnt psychiatry only by visits to the unsatisfactory mental hospital.
An embarrassment of books?
Authors: Rollin H. R.
Published: January 2018

Members of the College who are called upon to review books for our journal or, indeed, other journals, may be at a loss as to how to dispose of their copies. May I suggest to those so embarrassed that they offer them to the Library? In all probability we would make good use of them.
Clinical Hypnosis for Psychiatrists in Training
Authors: Barker W. A. , Place M.
Published: January 2018

Interest in the application of hypnosis to clinical psychiatry has increased recently in this country. In the 1950s it had been recommended (Subcommittee of the Psychological Medicine Group, 1955) that experience of the techniques of hypnosis should be available to all medical undergraduates and to postgraduate trainees in certain specialties, including psychiatry. Such a training would lead to an awareness of the practical use and limitations of hypnosis, and would also allow an informed and rational decision to be made about its employment in the practice of medicine. Despite this recommendation, a review twenty years later (Scott, 1978) showed that teaching of hypnosis was a rare feature of medical training.
Symposium on Research into the Health and Social Consequences of Unemployment
Authors: Mann Sheila A.
Published: January 2018

There has been growing concern among members of the College about the possible effects on health of rising unemployment; the Research Committee has been considering this and in particular has been exploring the possibility of encouraging further research in this field. Members of the Committee felt that on the whole general practitioners would be likely to see those affected in far greater numbers than psychiatrists. The Research Committee therefore organized a small symposium and invited representatives of the Social and Community Psychiatry Section and of the Research Division of the Royal College of General Practitioners to join it. The symposium was held at the College on 15 October 1982.
Psychiatric Crisis Intervention in Tunbridge Wells
Authors: Smout Shirley M. , Scott Mary , Fisher Paul
Published: January 2018

The concept of crisis intervention and the various types of services available for dealing with crises affecting the individual or the family have been well set out in the publication from Napsbury Hospital. We would agree with Ratna's statement in that publication that crisis intervention is not only a system of delivering emergency psychiatric care, but also a set of techniques which utilizes a crisis to therapeutic advantage. It was with this in mind that a pilot study was launched in April 1979 for a crisis intervention service in Tunbridge Wells, Kent.