bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidencia de procesos erosivos en la bahía El Ferrol en Perú, para el periodo 1974-2020
Authors: Loayza-Aguilar Rómulo
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La bahía El Ferrol enfrenta erosión crítica desde la década de 1970; para contener el efecto destructivo de la zona urbana, se enroca la línea de erosión. [Objetivo]: Describir y analizar el proceso erosivo y plantear escenarios para la aplicación de modelos numéricos. [Metodología]: Revisión y análisis de información bibliográfica, fotografías, cartas fotogramétricas, cartas náuticas, mapas cartográficos, imágenes en Google Earth, y visitas in situ.  [Resultados]: Las fuentes de arena proceden del río Lacramarca y el sistema dunar. La bahía ha perdido 6 200 m (45 %) de playa: 50 % enrocado, 27 % con piedras, 13 % con desmonte y 10 % sin protección. El frente de mayor erosión es la Plaza 28 de julio, en donde el enrocado tiene rompeolas para mitigar los efectos destructivos de la zona urbana. Los factores de erosión son: edificaciones (varadero, almacenes, terrazas, molones de acceso a muelles) sobre la zona supralitoral e intermareal que interfieren el transporte litoral; retención de arena en área de muelles y por lodos orgánicos; el propio enrocado, y traslado forzado, en 2009, de la desembocadura del río Lacramarca unos 1 000 m al sur, que descarga en zona calma. El sistema dunar aporta menos arena por incremento de napa freática. [Conclusiones]: Los factores de mayor impacto son las edificaciones, la retención de arena en el sur por reubicación de río, y el enrocado. Para permitir el transporte litoral de arena, se debe retornar la desembocadura del río a la posición de 2009 y retirar la infraestructura abandonada. Se plantean escenarios de modelación numérica para establecer un plan de recuperación.
Revisión sobre la estructura, funcionamiento e histología del sistema cardiovascular de los crustáceos penaeidos
Authors: Varela Mejías Alexander , Pohlenz Camilo
Published: January 2021

Las diferencias entre el sistema cardiovascular de los crustáceos decápodos, enfatizando en los Penaeidos, con respecto a los vertebrados y sus implicaciones, han generado un creciente interés en su estudio y comprensión, dada sus actividades inmunoefectoras y fisiológicas. Se presenta el proceso global del recorrido hemolinfático, acompañado de descripciones histológicas de los diferentes órganos, así como los detalles de sus estructuras en especímenes juveniles y adultos de Penaeus vannamei sanos, en secciones histológicas de tejidos procesados mediante técnicas de rutina. Se incluye la descripción del corazón, arterias, órgano linfoide, branquias, lagunas y senos hemales. También, se incluye una reseña, no exhaustiva, sobre los mecanismos de funcionamiento y control asociados, sustentados por información bibliográfica sobre estudios realizados bajo condiciones normales de salud de los camarones examinados. Se incluye valores promedio de ritmo cardíaco a través de los diferentes estadíos de desarrollo, así como valores de volúmenes y presiones arteriales.
Spatial and temporal variations of the subtidal meiobenthic community of the central coast of Venezuela
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Zoppi De Roa Evelyn , Hernandez Vanessa , Crespo Maria Angélica , Scott-Frías Joxmer , Montiel Edie
Published: January 2021

Meiobenthos is a sediment-dwelling community with various taxonomic groups ranging in size from 63 to 500 µm. As a matter and energy link between primary producers and macrofauna, they have other functions in the ecosystem. Since this group has been scarcely studied in Venezuela, it was proposed to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in the composition and abundance of subtidal meiobenthos in the country's central coast. Samplings were conducted monthly from June 2014 to March 2015. In each sampling campaign, 12 random stations were established, and three samples were taken at each using a cylindrical sampler of 5.0 cm internal diameter. Organisms were identified and counted using microscopes, and data was processed using hypothesis tests (ANOSIM) and multivariate analyzes (SIMPER, nMDS). Meiobenthos showed a richness of 164 morphotypes and 14 phyla, with a dominance of planktonic copepods and foraminifers, followed by cnidarians and mollusks. Out of the total species reported, 84 are strictly benthic. Regarding abundance, there was a greater representation of foraminifera, followed by nematodes and mollusks, with values higher than those reported for tropical areas. Spatially, no differences were found in the composition and abundance of this community. However, two maximums were found throughout the study period, one starting in June until reaching maximum densities between August and October and the second one in February
Efecto de las descargas del emisario submarino de aguas residuales de la ciudad de Limón sobre la calidad del agua, abundancia y diversidad del fitoplancton en los alrededores de isla Uvita, Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz Simon Nelson , Piedra Castro Liliana , Jiménez Montealegre Ricardo , Pereira Chaves José , Guevara-Mora Meyer , Piedra Marín Gilberto
Published: January 2021

Con el objetivo de evaluar la posible afectación del emisario submarino en la ciudad de Limón,

sobre el medio marino circundante, se establecieron 6 estaciones de muestreo, 4 de ellas cercanas a la zona de desfogue y 2 controles; en cada una se tomaron muestras de agua a 0 m y 10 m durante el 2012-2013 para medir nutrimentos, parámetros fisicoquímicos, concentración de microalgas y cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de Enterococcus. Se contrastó la abundancia algal entre las estaciones bajo influencia del emisario, sus controles y entre profundidades, con un análisis de similitud (ANOSIM); en los casos en que hubo diferencia significativa se procedió a realizar un análisis SIMPER para determinar las especies responsables. La abundancia fitoplanctónica se utilizó para jerarquizar la dominancia de especies mediante el diagrama de Olmstead y Tukey e incorporarlas en un análisis de correspondencia canónica. Se determinó que en la zona existe una marcada influencia de las lluvias sobre la concentración de los nutrimentos, silicato y ortofosfato, además de parámetros como el oxígeno disuelto y la salinidad. Las UFC se mantuvieron por debajo del límite máximo de 35 UFC/100 mL establecidos por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (USEPA). La diversidad fitoplanctónica fue alta y estuvo compuesta, principalmente, por especies cosmopolitas. Debido a que la concentración de nutrientes y UFC son bajas, junto con una alta diversidad algal, se concluye que no existe evidencia directa de un impacto negativo del emisario sobre la zona estudiada.
Aportes teóricos para la conceptualización de los espacios de representación de Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Castro-Martínez Enrique De Jesús
Published: January 2021

Los espacios de representación comprenden a una dimensión de la teoría unitaria de la producción del espacio propuesta por Henri Lefebvre, se apela a que en esta dimensión espacial responde a múltiples interpretaciones debido a su carácter polivalente y polisémico. Por tal motivo, proponemos tres explicaciones que obedecen al símbolo como una interpretación de los espacios de representación: primero se sitúa los símbolos naturales que posteriormente el ejercicio del poder de la religión y las fuerzas políticas se han apropiado; segundo responde al advenimiento de la modernidad que los símbolos de la vida cotidiana son dominados por la técnica y por el ascenso del capitalismo; y, el tercero corresponde al contra-espacio que promueve la resistencia urbana que dotará la recuperación de colectividades producidas por el habitar.
Potencial ecoturístico en Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Caso: Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Sarapiquí, Provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica.
Authors: Arroyo-Solórzano Mario , Rojas-Prendas Lincenth
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se describen los principales potenciales turísticos de la Reserva Biológica Tirimbina (RBT). Se determina un nivel de potencial ecoturístico con base en un análisis de variables de importancia y a partir de la descripción de las características de la RBT. La Reserva cuenta actualmente con múltiples programas de investigación natural y educativa, así como con una oferta llamativa de recorridos que propician la interacción y el aprendizaje del turista en la naturaleza. Con base en la metodología de ponderación propuesta se identificaron seis variables relevantes, las cuales se evaluaron con aspectos clave y se les asignó pesos específicos obteniéndose un potencial ecoturístico Alto para la RBT, siendo el senderismo la riqueza natural que se encuentra con mejor ponderación de los aspectos evaluados. La Reserva es fuente de empleo para los habitantes de la zona, contribuye a la protección ambiental, la educación y es un gran impulso para el turismo, con potencial para ligarse a otros encadenamientos turísticos más consolidados.
Características espectrales del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones de acamado por paja rugosa (Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.)
Authors: Guillén-García Carlos Enrique , Dávila-Albarrán Mirian Josefina , Guillén-García Luis Gerardo , Guillén-Pérez Luis Alipio
Published: January 2021

En Venezuela y el mundo, el arroz es uno de los principales cereales que cubre los requerimientos calóricos del ser humano. La productividad de este cultivo es afectada significativamente por las malezas, dentro de las que destaca la paja rugosa (Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.) por su capacidad de modificar la geometría del dosel, condición desventajosa llamada acamado. Esta modificación de la arquitectura de la planta es analizada y comparada con una plantación sana; a través del comportamiento espectral captado por las imágenes Sentinel 2A. Bajo condiciones de acamado la reflectancia de la plantación de arroz aumenta significativamente en la banda rojo (B4), mientras decrece en las del infrarrojo cercano; efecto que se detecta al inicio de la floración, aproximadamente a los 88 días después de la siembra. El uso de índices de vegetación (VIs), particularmente RVI y NDVI, permitieron diferenciar las plantaciones de arroz sanas y las afectadas por el acamado. Las bandas espectrales que más aportaron a la discriminación de las áreas afectadas son la B4 de la región del visible y la B11 y B12 de la región del infrarrojo medio.
Violence and insecurity in urban space: an analytical approach based on the ecological framework for violence.
Authors: García-Cervantes Natalia
Published: January 2021

Violence and insecurity have become pervasive in urban areas, particularly in Latin America, where this phenomenon represents an obstacle to development.  Seeking to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of urban violence and insecurity, this article presents an analytical framework to organize and understand the different levels of risk factors interacting for the appearance of violence in urban areas.  Based on the case study of Culiacán, Sinaloa (Mexico), the article presents an analysis of the interrelated nature of violence, different manifestations and risk factors leading to its proliferation, with a focus on urban space.  Although the causality of violence is difficult to pinpoint, this framework allows not only to consider violence in a more structured way, but also to appraise the relationships between these phenomena at different levels of risk factors.
Cuestión de amenaza: La influencia de los factores domésticos en el comportamiento de Vietnam y Malasia ante el ascenso del poder militar chino
Authors: Rubbi Lautaro Nahuel , Martínez Schandeler Evelin
Published: January 2021

En las últimas décadas China aumentó enormemente su poder, tanto en términos económicos como militares. Sin embargo, la respuesta de los actores de la región no fue homogénea; mientras que algunos recurrieron al balance de poder y el aumento de sus capacidades, otros evitaron este tipo de comportamiento. Entre 2013 y 2018, Vietnam elevó su gasto militar de forma continua, mientras que Malasia llegó incluso a disminuir el suyo, planteando un interrogante importante para el realismo estructural. A través de un estudio comparado entre ambos casos se concluye que el realismo neoclásico, que incorpora las creencias y las percepciones de los respectivos gobiernos y sociedades al análisis, ofrece una mejor explicación de los acontecimientos. En estos casos, las variables domésticas de cada Estado moldearon el accionar de sus gobernantes y jugaron un rol central en la percepción de China como una amenaza y la consecuente estrategia de respuesta ante su ascenso.
China y la (no) promoción de la autocracia: Aportes al debate sobre democracia y autoritarismo en el orden internacional
Authors: Telias Diego
Published: January 2021

Actualmente no existe consenso con respecto a las razones que explican la tercera ola de autocratización. Sin embargo, las explicaciones que priorizan factores internacionales para comprender fenómenos domésticos son cada vez más relevantes y difíciles de evitar. La bibliografía que se centra en cómo aspectos externos impactan en regímenes domésticos incluye trabajos clásicos, que han observado el rol de los organismos internacionales e investigaciones más recientes que consideran el rol de poderes regionales autocráticos. Por las características de su régimen, China no ha escapado a la literatura sobre promoción de autocracia. Pese a ello hay poca evidencia de que China afecte o tenga la intención de modificar la organización política interna de otros países. El objetivo de este artículo es debatir sobre el rol de China como posible (o no) promotor y difusor de autocracia. Para ello se realizará un análisis crítico de textos sobre esta temática y de las investigaciones que se han centrado en China. El análisis de este caso permitirá observar las complejidades del debate sobre promoción de autocracia y los mecanismos causales mediante los cuales los actores internacionales podrían incidir en un cambio de régimen político. Con base en el estudio sobre China se propone un marco para una compresión más precisa e integral sobre cómo los factores externos pueden influir sobre la tercera ola de autocratización.
De Reyes a Peones. Reseña del libro: Lechini, G., y Morasso, C. (2020). Auge y Ocaso de los emergentes en el siglo XXI ¿Cambios sistémicos, domésticos o cosméticos? Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
Authors: Herrera-Arrieta Alonso
Published: January 2021

De Reyes a Peones es una reseña bibliografica del libro Auge y Ocaso de los emergentes en el siglo XXI, publicado por las investigadoras Gladis Lechini y Carla Morasso, ambas de la  Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina (UNR) . El foco central de la reseña es responder a la interrogante: ¿Cuáles han sido los cambios sistémicos, domésticos y cosméticos de los emergentes?, cambios que han transformado el liderazgo de paises como Brasil, China, India, Sudáfrica, Turquía y Venezuela en el siglo XXI. Así como el estudio de las dinámicas de poder de las Relaciones Internacionales en el orden mundial, que siguen teniendo protagonismo en los casos de estudio de esta reseña.
Los sistemas internacionales no europeos Reseña del libro: Ringmar, E. (2019). History of International Relations: A Non-European Perspective. Open Book Publishers.
Authors: Peña-Sequeira Tatiana
Published: January 2021

Los Sistemas Internacionales No Europeos es una reseña bibliográfica del libro “History of International Relations: A Non-European Perspective” publicado por Open Book Publishers, que pretende hacer un estudio comparativo de los sistemas internacionales previos al europeo, en especifico de China y Asia del este, India, los califatos musulmanes, los kanatos mongoles, África y las Américas, a través de una revisión histórica. Con el fin de responder a la falta de profundidad en la historia de las Relaciones Internacionales que se ha concentrado en el imperialismo europeo y actualmente no es suficiente para explicar la realidad del mundo.
Acercamiento a la morfología verbal del español guaymí costarricense
Authors: Marín Esquivel Rebeca
Published: January 2021

Key features of the verbal morphology of Spanish spoken by three indigenous speakers of the Costa Rican Guaymí/Ngäbe ethnic group are described and analyzed. Audio material was transcribed from interviews with two bilingual Guaymí-Spanish speakers and one Spanish monolingual son of bilingual Guaymí-Spanish parents. In this exploratory study, the irregular forms of the paradigms analyzed were found to show signs of regularizing the roots most closely resembling their infinitive, in addition to the creation of verbal neologisms.
La escritura creativa como medio para estimular la producción escrita en FLE
Authors: Álvarez Garay Estela
Published: January 2021

La créativité dans la production écrite est devenue un moyen différent d’apprendre une langue étrangère ; la motivation, l’imagination et la continuité jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’acquisition de cette compétence. Cet article propose une façon créative d’aborder la production écrite en classe FLE, lors d’une expérimentation avec un groupe de la troisième année d’une Section Bilingue à Cartago, pendant l’année 2018.
Enhancing Language Learning and Acquisition by Implementing Extensive Reading
Authors: Rojas Ugalde Ana , Vargas Barquero Vivian
Published: January 2021

An explanation is provided of how extensive reading was used in the second-year reading courses in two majors—the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language (Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés, BEI) and English as a Foreign Language (Bachillerato en Inglés, BI), both of the Universidad Nacional (Heredia, Costa Rica)—to improve their language proficiency. To implement this, the time and activities were organized in student-centered sessions so that the learners could select readings for their individual use.
Da Corte portuguesa para as Cortes marroquina e argelina:os presentes diplomáticos por ocasião dos resgates de cativos no século XVIII)
Authors: Drumond Braga Isabel
Published: January 2021

A aquisição de cativos portugueses antes do estabelecimento de relações diplomáticas com as potências islâmicas – a paz com Marrocos foi assinada em 1774 e com as regências otomanas do Norte de África só no século XIX – implicou negociações pontuais e a troca de presentes diplomáticos que incluíram produtos portugueses e estrangeiros. Procura-se perceber se é possível reconstituir redes de comércio e se este tipo de trocas teve significado em termos culturais, constituindo uma forma de abastecimento suplementar dos potentados locais em alimentos, tecidos, utensílios domésticos, de entre outros.
Lo que no figura en “La Expedición”: El motín del tercio viejo de Bernardo Aldana en Hungría, 1553
Authors: Korpás Zoltán
Published: January 2021

La expedición de Bernardo de Aldana a Hungría y los hechos del Tercio Viejo de Nápoles por aquel país lejano entre 1548 y 1552 es una fuente bien conocida y públicada en diversas lenguas. Mientras tanto apenas tenemos constancia sobre el fin del primer Tercio Viejo de Nápoles y su Maestre de Campo Bernardo de Aldana. El artículo presenta un episodio especial del aquel tercio: el motín de 400 militares españoles, el desenlace de la desobediencia y la disolución del primer Tercio Viejo de Nápoles por aquellas tierras en 1553. A la vez presenta detalladamente los últimos años de la carrera de Bernardo de Aldana, incluyendo su liberación, nuevos cargos militares por Italia y su muerte en 1560 en la batalla de Gelves. Un aspecto más es la presentación de los paralelismos históricos entre los dos frentes lejanos de la lucha contra el Imperio Otomano tanto por el Mediterráneo como por Hungría.
Escenarios de poder. Evolución de la arquitectura teatral en la España del siglo XVII: de la circunstancia a la permanencia en el Coliseo del Buen Retiro
Authors: Merino Esther
Published: January 2021

Hasta la construcción del Coliseo del Palacio de El Buen Retiro no hubo un emplazamiento o sede permanente, para espectáculos y representaciones teatrales en la España de los Austrias. Por eso mismo se fueron trasladando las distintas celebraciones cortesanas según se iban desplazando los monarcas por las diferentes residencias palatinas de los diferentes Sitios Reales, que circunvalaban o rodeaban la capital. S e propone un recorrido por las primeras muestras de la influencia italiana hasta la configuración de la arquitectura teatral cortesana en España, a lo largo del siglo XVII.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Arquitectura Teatral Cortesana. Coliseo del Palacio del Buen Retiro. Siglo XVII.
El mito y su influencia en el vínculo emocional entre el espectador y la obra en el teatro musical del Siglo de Oro: recursos mitológicos en "Ícaro y Dédalo" de Melchor Fernández de León
Authors: Rozenbergaite Ieva Emilija
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo propone un análisis del tratamiento de los recursos mitológicos en Ícaro y Dédalo, de Melchor Fernández de León, y su posible influencia en el nexo psíquico entre el público y la obra. El método de trabajo consiste en la aplicación de la noción de «distancia psíquica», un concepto filosófico orientado al involucramiento emocional en un momento de apreciación estética. Con la ayuda de esta herramienta, me dispongo a examinar los impulsos psíquicos producidos por el uso de la materia mitológica en la elaboración del argumento, los personajes y los símbolos de la zarzuela aurisecular. El objetivo final del trabajo es, sirviéndose del ejemplo de Ícaro y Dédalo, detectar los reflejos de la mentalidad de la sociedad del siglo XVII latentes en la predilección por la temática mitológica en el teatro musical de la época.

Palabras clave: Ícaro y Dédalo, Melchor Fernández de León, mitología, Siglo de Oro, teatro musical, distancia psíquica
Contornos de la semblanza de un actor cortesano: Juan Rana
Authors: Vélez Sainz Julio
Published: January 2021

En el presente artículo se presenta una revisión de las distintas imágenes con las que se relaciona al actor áureo Cosme Pérez y a su máscara más conocida, Juan Rana. Iniciamos el trabajo con un análisis iconográfico e histórico de su representación más conocida, la de la RAE, y de un cuadro por Gaspar de Crayer en el que se representa la misma figura. Asimismo, efectuamos una disección teatral de una puesta en escena contemporánea en la que aparece por la compañía Ron Lalá. Finalmente, mencionamos una segunda serie, la que aparece en Fortunas de Andrómeda y Perseo de Calderón y realizamos un análisis caligráfico de esta atribución. La conclusión es que no podemos tener certezas de que ninguna de esta estas semblanzas sea, en realidad, la de la máscara Juan Rana y mucho menos la del actor Cosme Pérez.
Las Competencias Docentes y el Portafolio Digital: Crear Espacios de Aprendizaje y Evaluación en la Formación Inicial del Profesorado. Un Estudio de Casos
Authors: Muñoz González Laura de la Concepción , Serván Núñez María José , Soto Gómez Encarnación
Published: January 2021

El propósito de este artículo es compartir las virtualidades educativas del portafolio digital como herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación en la formación inicial del profesorado a fin de comprender cómo su uso, vinculado a una metodología activa, favorece el desarrollo de las competencias docentes para el siglo XXI. Un reto no exento de dificultades, pero ineludible para atender los nuevos desafíos pedagógicos. A través de un estudio de casos, se investiga la experiencia promovida por un grupo de docentes de la Universidad de Málaga en un conjunto de asignaturas de 1º de Educación Infantil. Un Proyecto innovador con nueve años de vida que sitúa el eje en el aprendizaje, transformando los procesos de enseñanza y evaluación. Tras un minucioso análisis de los datos, recogidos a partir de observaciones, cuestionarios, entrevistas y análisis documental del diario del alumnado, se descubrió que el uso del portafolio digital ayuda, en gran medida, a focalizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el alumnado, promover la reflexión y el desarrollo del espíritu crítico, favorecer la reconstrucción del conocimiento práctico y facilitar la evaluación educativa, formativa y auténtica. Los resultados de esta investigación cualitativa proporcionan información sobre una experiencia particular y, además, impulsan el estudio de buenas prácticas de evaluación en la universidad, así como la aplicación de estrategias metodológicas que favorezcan el desarrollo de competencias docentes adaptadas a los nuevos tiempos.
The Dissemination of Žemaitė’s Literary Fiction in the Education System in 1905–1914
Authors: Bleizgienė Ramunė
Published: January 2021

The article describes the syllabi of Lithuanian language subject for public and private schools prepared in 1905-1914 for the developing modern Lithuanian education system with the aim to determine the extent of representation of Žemaitė’s literary fiction. Referring to previous works by V. Pupšys, V. Pukienė, M. Karčiauskienė, A. Piročkinas and analysis of their sources, 9 syllabi of Lithuanian language and their recommended textbooks have been described in this article. The analysis has shown that Žemaitė first established herself in the Lithuanian education system as the author of the textbook Rinkinėlis vaikams, first published in 1904 and intended for primary schools. Žemaitė emerges as the author of short stories and a co-author of dramas for the first time in 1912 in the syllabus published by J. Kairiūkštis. The attention allocated to her and the list of her works is the same as for the majority of other fiction authors of the time. In 1912 M. Biržiška’s project of the Lithuanian language syllabus Žemaitė is referred to as one of the four women prose writers of the end of the 19th century among G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Šatrijos Ragana, and Lazdynų Pelėda.
The Literary Experience of God in Death’s Vicinity in the Works of Freedom Fighter Bronius Krivickas
Authors: Čiočytė Dalia
Published: January 2021

Bronius Krivickas (1919–1952), a Lithuanian poet and fiction writer, a fighter against the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, reflects carefully the main ideas of existentialism: Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of individual freedom, Martin Heidegger’s notion of being-toward-death, the concept of a limiting situation developed by Karl Jaspers. In the worldview of B. Krivickas’s literary works, these ideas are associated with the context of Catholic philosophy and theology.This article investigates the notion of God within the existential limiting situation (especially the situation of death) in the literary works by B. Krivickas. The main critical perspective is the theology of literature.

In the context of the dramatic experience of World War II, B. Krivickas’s short stories, a symbolist play A Tale About a Princess, and poetical prose works interpret God as being perceived through human conscience and a human longing for spiritual harmony. God is being thought of as the ultimate metaphysical mystery.In the period of Lithuanian fights for freedom, B. Krivickas’s poetry reveals an intense partisan self-consciousness. The poetry interprets the fight against the Soviet aggressor as a sacrifice for the nation’s freedom and compares it indirectly with the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. According to the logic of existentialism, B Krivickas’s poetry claims that a human being is absolutely free, even if this means to choose freedom at the cost of life.God becomes the personal you for the fighter seen in B. Krivickas’s poetry. The main theme of the fighter’s dialogue with God is an existential complaint. The fighter experiences deep theodic dilemmas. He has no doubts about the righteousness of the war against the Soviet occupation, but he has deep doubts about the divine permission for evil to exist in the world. The faith of the poetic fighter is just his will to believe, his desire to believe. Thus the poetic figure of the fighter acquires both patriotic and religious heroism.
Effect propylene glycol as a quality improvers for Portland and Portland-limestone cements
Authors: FS Hashem , Hekal Eisa E , M Wahab Abdel
Published: January 2021

The performance of propylene glycol (PG) on the grindability, setting and hardening of Portland (OPC) and Portland-Limestone cements (PLC) was studied. Propylene glycol was added to OPC clinker with percentage ratios; 0, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 wt.% of the OPC clinker. PLC was made by replacing 5 and 10 wt. % of OPC with limestone. PG offers better grinding aid performance with higher Blaine areas. Besides, presence of PG shows higher water of consistency and lower initial and final setting times. The mechanical properties of mortar specimens made from OPC and PLC admixed with PG were improved especially in the first 7 days. This explained due to increase in the cement fineness which leads to an increase in the degree of cement hydration, as well as to improvement in the interfacial transition zone between the cement paste and sand particles, thus resulting in an enhancement in the strength. DTA and SEM results confirmed the improved properties achieved due to admixing OPC or PLC with PG.
Deterministic modeling of an industrial steam ethane cracker
Authors: Demiryurek Selin Gundur , Alper Erdogan , Ozgen Canan
Published: January 2021

Rate-based deterministic modeling requires simple, yet sufficiently accurate modeling of complex petrochemical systems. In this work, steam ethane cracking was modeled with several molecular reactions, in addition to coke formation and coke removal by steam reforming reactions. A rate-based model was then developed which incorporates the reaction model together with momentum, energy and mass balances. The model consisted of nonlinear ODEs which were solved numerically. The developed model was then validated by the published experimental data from a pilot plant. Then it was utilized to simulate an industrial unit. This deterministic model simulates all the essentials of an industrial steam ethane cracking reactor so that optimum process parameters can be searched and determined.
Alternative solutions of industrial wastewater management in the textile industry
Authors: A Abdel-Fatah Mona , I Hafez Azza , H Gaber Ahmad , Kamal May
Published: January 2021

The investigation of cost-effective water treatment methods and techniques is considered an extremely important and vital objective. The aim of this study is to reach the optimum solution for the treatment of the effluent industrial wastewater from the textile industry sector in Egypt. In this work, the treatment methods and techniques under consideration were selected as being feasible and appropriate to achieve the required goal effectively. Misr Beida Dyers Company (MBDC), located at Kafer El Dawar Alexandria Governorate, has been chosen for the study. The company discharges 10–12 millions of cubic meters of wastewater annually into Abu Qir Bay, thus it is considered one of the major sources of industrial pollution in this zone. In this work, the selected procedure is to compare between two different designs for the wastewater treatment plants, whereby three alternative solutions (interventions) were proposed for each design namely: end-pipe-treatment on raw wastewater, with pollution prevention (PP) and with cleaner production (CP). Evidently, the selection of the best design approach is based on economics. To achieve this objective, a suitable cost-benefit analysis tool (CBA) has been adopted. Finally, looking at benchmarking results, it was observed that the specific rate of consumed items (water, electricity, fuel, chemicals, etc.) is rather high when compared with the recognized international standards (IS) in this respect. The unexpected rise in the abovementioned items coupled with a notable decline in the production of the plant under consideration in the period from 1994 to 2004 poses a big question mark and needs a prompt answer from the responsible authorities.
Relations between feces, urine, milk and blood fatty acid contents in cattle
Authors: Göncü Serap , Anitas Ozgu
Published: January 2021

The various fatty acids found in the circulation, cells and tissues of animals that have an important place in the feeding of animals are important components of cell membranes related to events that occur in a rich source of energy and cells. Since the fatty acids groups having important functions can not be synthesized by the mammalian cells, they must be taken from the outside of the body. Fatty acids detected in blood, feces, milk and urine can be an indicator to diagnose some metabolic disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between fecal matter, urine, milk and blood fatty acid contents in Holstein cows by multiple regression analysis. As a result, milk, blood, stool and urine fatty acid contents were statistically significantly related to each other (p <0.01).
The effect of mangrove forest ecosystems on fishing fishery production in the Rangsang regency, District of Kepulauan Meranti, Indonesia
Authors: Eddiwan Kamaruddin , Hanifah Abu
Published: January 2021

Meranti Islands Regency is a coastal area located in the cluster of Sumatra, Indonesia, right on the outskirts of the Malak Strait. The coastal area is known as a very good, fertile mangrove habitat, has a high carrying capacity as a living area for various aquatic organisms. The existence of mangrove ecosystems on the coast has a very large and beneficial effect on the life of fisheries resources, as well as beneficial for fishing fisheries due to the high productivity in the region. This study aims to obtain information and a clear picture of the development of fishing, and the correlation between the existence of mangrove ecosystems and productivity of fishing. This research uses the descriptive method based on regression and correlation analysis. Each type of data used in this study is primary data on observation and interviews, as well as secondary data on fishing and mangrove areas from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Forestry, and the Environmental Management Agency, Meranti Islands Regency. The Meranti Islands over a 15-year period experienced a completely increase or almost completely. Then, the mangrove ecosystem area has no significance that can influence and are closely related to the productivity of shrimp and shellfish in the area.
The current status of MSW disposal and energy production: a brief review of waste incineration
Authors: Karim MA , Corazzini Bryan
Published: January 2021

The process of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration and specifically waste to energy (WTE) incineration has evolved substantially since new legislation was introduced in the 1990’s. What was once one of the dirtiest, pollution ridden methods of waste disposal has become a cleaner option when compared to several other alternative disposal methods. WTE incineration also has the added benefit of using waste as a resource to produce energy. Those opposed to WTE incineration, however, do not believe it is worth the investment. They believe the focus should be on overall waste reduction rather than dealing with the excess refuse, which is a valid argument. This paper will briefly outline the history of waste incineration and its evolution over the past century. It will also present the basic principles of the most common WTE incineration processes, the current status, and public opinion regarding WTE incineration, particularly as it applies in the United States.
King Talal reservoir case study; water quality, treated wastewater use for irrigation and its risk assessment, irrigation type and crop selection
Authors: Tharwa Qotaish
Published: January 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Jordan is one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of water availability. The amount of water available per capita is 14 per cent less than the world’s water poverty line. Irrigated agriculture is currently the largest consumer (Gunn, 2009). King Talal Reservoir is considered to be the largest supplier for the agricultural sector in the Jordan Valley region. The area planted annually in the Jordan Valley is about 31,600 hectares mainly taken up by irrigated vegetables and citrus orchards. The irrigation water resources for this area are the King Talal Dam, the King Abdullah Canal and runoff from the Zarqa River (Hasan , et al. 2000). This paper aims to study the quality of the King Talal Dam water over a period of four years as most of its water content is a treated wastewater which is coming from Khirbet Al Samra Water Treatment Plant, and Jerash and Baq’a Water Treatment Plants, and to determine the safe use of this water in agriculture and how to choose the crops for this type of water, also to determine if the Jordan Valley farmer's need to change the type of their crops and what is the most suitable water irrigation type depending on water quality, and finally a qualitative risk assessment has been done for using treated wastewater in un-restricted agriculture. This study shows that the localized irrigation system (drip, trickle or splitter) is the most suitable method of irrigation in the Jordan Valley. The high sodium and chloride concentrations prohibit the use of sensitive crops to salinity in Jordan valley's agriculture (FAO Guidelines, 1989), depending on the risk assessment the existing regulations for using treated wastewater in agriculture should be reviewed and issuing a new guide lines for treated wastewater use in irrigation.
Waste brick and concrete for wastewater treatment by pilot and static test
Authors: Deng Yihuan , Wheatley Andrew
Published: January 2021

Water pollution is a globally issue. With population increase, this issue became more serious than before. All the authorities are seeking a way to solve this problem, especially China. However, there is a huge cost for treating vast amount of wastewater, particularly in rural areas. Low cost and easy maintenance treatment process is a sustainable choice such as trickling filter and constructed wetland. Currently, Activated sludge process is replacing these processes due to better performance, but the cost much higher. By improving the filled filter media, these processes could improve their performance. This study conducted lab-scale TF and static test to investigate the media such as Furnace blast slag, Maifan stone, Zeolite, Waste Concrete and Brick. The TF results presented waste concrete and brick achieved desirable performance and reliable to remove majority of pollutants (such as COD, TSS and turbidity), but poor to remove nutrients. The further static study was P removal. By adopting different condition, the removal rate was discovered that affect by pH and initial P concentration. This study also found zeolite, Maifan stone and waste brick released P in lower pH condition with lower and higher P concentration. By concluding these results, waste concrete presented greater adsorption for both pilot and static test. Waste Concrete could be recycled as filter media for treating wastewater in less developed areas.
Human Resource Development in Government Civil Apparatus in the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Situngkir Maspero
Published: January 2021

Abstract:Human Resources is a very important factor and a driving force in an organization. Without qualified human beings who are capable of being the activator, an organization cannot run properly and it will even stop. To produce every product, creative and innovative people are needed. Behind the production of every product or service are human thoughts, efforts and human hours of work. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature approach. The data obtained were sourced from literature reviews, both from scientific journals and books. The result of the research states that Human Resources is an important thing in the government apparatus and must always be repaired and addressed.Keywords: Human Resources, Government Apparatus, Republic of Indonesia.
Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Pierce John P. , Chen Ruifeng , Leas Eric C. , White Martha M. , Kealey Sheila , Stone Matthew D. , Benmarhnia Tarik , Trinidad Dennis R. , Strong David R. , Messer Karen
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To identify predictors of becoming a daily cigarette smoker over the course of 4 years.

METHODS:

We identified 12- to 24-year-olds at wave 1 of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study and determined ever use, age at first use, and daily use through wave 4 for 12 tobacco products.

RESULTS:

Sixty-two percent of 12- to 24-year-olds (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.1% to 63.2%) tried tobacco, and 30.2% (95% CI: 28.7% to 31.6%) tried ≥5 tobacco products by wave 4. At wave 4, 12% were daily tobacco users, of whom 70% were daily cigarette smokers (95% CI: 67.4% to 73.0%); daily cigarette smoking was 20.8% in 25- to 28-year-olds (95% CI: 18.9% to 22.9%), whereas daily electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping was 3.3% (95% CI: 2.4% to 4.4%). Compared with single product triers, the risk of progressing to daily cigarette smoking was 15 percentage points higher (adjusted risk difference [aRD] 15%; 95% CI: 12% to 18%) among those who tried ≥5 products. In particular, e-cigarette use increased the risk of later daily cigarette smoking by threefold (3% vs 10%; aRD 7%; 95% CI: 6% to 9%). Daily smoking was 6 percentage points lower (aRD −6%; 95% CI: −8% to −4%) for those who experimented after age 18 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Trying e-cigarettes and multiple other tobacco products before age 18 years is strongly associated with later daily cigarette smoking. The recent large increase in e-cigarette use will likely reverse the decline in cigarette smoking among US young adults.
Predictors in Infancy for Language and Academic Outcomes at 11 Years
Authors: Eadie Patricia , Bavin Edith L. , Bretherton Lesley , Cook Fallon , Gold Lisa , Mensah Fiona , Wake Melissa , Reilly Sheena
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the contribution of early life factors and preschool- and school-aged language abilities to children’s 11-year language and academic outcomes.

METHODS:

Participants (N = 839) were from a prospective community cohort study of 1910 infants recruited at 8 to 10 months of age. Early life factors included a combination of child (prematurity, birth weight), family (socioeconomic disadvantage, family history of language difficulties), and maternal factors (education, vocabulary, and age). Language (standardized assessment of receptive and expressive skills) and academic (national assessment) outcomes at 11 years were predicted by using a series of multivariable regression models.

RESULTS:

Early life factors explained 11% to 12% of variance in language scores at 11 years. The variance explained increased to 47% to 64% when language scores from 2 to 7 years were included. The largest increase in variance explained was with 4-year language scores. The same early life factors explained 13% to 14% of academic scores at 11 years, with increases to 43% to 54% when language scores from 2 to 11 years were included. Early life factors adequately discriminated between children with typical and low language scores but were much better discriminators of children with typical and low academic scores. When earlier language scores were added to models then the area under the curve increased to 0.9 and above.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children’s language outcomes at 11 years are accurately predicted by their 4-year language ability and their academic outcomes at 11 years are predicted by early family and home environment factors. Children with low language abilities at 11 years consistently performed more poorly on national assessments of literacy and numeracy.
Vitalii Pavlovych Motornyi (on occasion of the 80th birthday)
Authors: Babenko V.F. , Bilichenko R.O. , Goncharov S.V. , Kovalenko O.V. , Konareva S.V. , Kofanov V.O. , Leskevych T.Yu. , Parfinovych N.V. , Pasko A.M. , Polyakov O.V. , Rudenko O.O. , Skorokhodov D.S. , Tkachenko M.Ye. , Traktynska V.M. , Vakarchuk M.B.
Published: January 2021

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Kolmogorov inequalities for norms of Marchaud-type fractional derivatives of multivariate functions
Authors: Parfinovych N.V. , Pylypenko V.V.
Published: January 2021

We obtain new sharp Kolmogorov type inequalities, estimating the norm of mixed Marchaud type derivative of multivariate function through the C-norm of function itself and its norms in Hölder spaces.
Recovery of continuous functions from their Fourier coefficients known with error
Authors: Pozharska K.V. , Pozharskyi O.A.
Published: January 2021

The problem of optimal recovery is considered for functions from their Fourier coefficients known with error. In a more general statement,this problem for the classes of smooth and atalytic functions defined on various compact manifolds can be found in the classical paper byG.G. Magaril-Il'yaev, K.Y. Osipenko.Namely, the paper is devoted to the recovery of continuous real-valued functions $y$ of one variable from the classes $W^{\psi}_{p}$, $1 \leq p< \infty$,that are defined in terms of generalized smoothness $\psi$ from their Fourier coefficients with respect to some complete orthonormal in the space $L_2$ system$\Phi = \{ \varphi_k \}_{k=1}^{\infty}$ of continuous functions, that are blurred by noise.Assume that for function $y$ we know the values $y_k^{\delta}$ of their noisy Fourier coefficients, besides $y_k^{\delta} = y_k + \delta \xi_k$, $k = 1,2, \dots$,where $y_k$ are the corresponding Fourier coefficients, $\delta \in (0,1)$, and $\xi = (\xi_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ is a noise.Additionally let the functions from the system $\Phi$ be continuous and satisfy the condition $\| \varphi_k \|_{C}\leq C_1 k^{\beta}$, $k=1,2,\dots$,where $C_1>0$, $\beta \geq 0$ are some constants, and $\| \cdot\|_{C}$ is the standart norm of the space $C$ of continuous on the segment $[0,1]$ functions.Under certain conditions on parameter $\psi$, we obtain order estimates of the approximation errors of functions from the classes$$W^{\psi}_{p} = \left\{ y \in L_2\colon  \| y \|^p_{W^{\psi}_{p}} = \sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty} \psi^p(k) |y_k|^p \leq 1 \right\}, \quad 1 \leq p< \infty,$$in metric of the space $C$ by the so-called$\Lambda$-method of series summation that is defined by the number triangular matrix $\Lambda = \{ \lambda_k^n \}_{k=1}^n$, $n=n(\delta) \in \mathbb{N}$,with some restrictions on its elements.Note, that we extend the known results [8, 7] to a more wide spectrum of the classesof functions and for a more general restrictions on the noise level.In our results a case is considered when the noise is stronger than those in the space $l_2$ of real number sequences, but not stochastic.
Properties of the second-kind Chebyshev polynomials of complex variable
Authors: Veselovska O.V. , Dostoina V.V. , Klapchuk M.I.
Published: January 2021

We construct a system of functions biorthogonal with Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind on closed contours in the complex plane. Properties of these functions and sufficient conditions of expansion of analytic functions into series in Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind in complex domains are investigated. The examples of such expansions are given. In addition, combinatorial identities of self-interest are obtained.
O tradutor como outro
Authors: Kirsch William
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre um projeto didático executado em uma turma de Língua Inglesa do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Português-Inglês de uma universidade federal do sul do Brasil. Neste projeto, os licenciandos ouviram falas de diversos profissionais da área de Letras – professora de inglês de escola pública federal, professora de inglês da escola privada e um tradutor Inglês-Português. Este artigo foca nas reflexões escritas na forma de ensaios reflexivos (reflective essays) por quatro estudantes da referida disciplina acerca do trabalho de tradutor. Pode-se afirmar que os participantes passam de uma visão idealizada do trabalho do tradutor (um intelectual cercado de livros, traduzindo literatura) para uma visão mais conectada com a realidade da maioria dos profissionais de tradução (um profissional realizando um trabalho técnico). Por fim, os participantes sugerem que esta experiência é significativa para sua reflexão sobre seu futuro profissional, não necessariamente voltado à docência.