bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lumiflavin increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem‐like cells to cisplatin by interfering with riboflavin
Authors: Yang Ruhui , Wei Zhe , Wu Songquan
Published: June 2019

Here, we used lumiflavin, an inhibitor of riboflavin, as a new potential therapeutic chemosensitizer to ovarian cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs). This study demonstrates that the enrichment of riboflavin in CSCs is an important cause of its resistance to chemotherapy. Lumiflavin can effectively reduce the riboflavin enrichment in CSCs and sensitize the effect of cisplatin Diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) on CSCs. In this study, CSCs of human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910 were separated using a magnetic bead (CD133+). We also show the overexpression of the mRNA and protein of riboflavin transporter 2 and the high content of riboflavin in CSCs compared to non‐CSCs (NON‐CSCs). Moreover, CSCs were less sensitive to DDP than NON‐CSCs, whereas, the synergistic effect of lumiflavin and DDP on CSCs was more sensitive than NON‐CSCs. Further research showed that lumiflavin had synergistic effects with DDP on CSCs in increasing mitochondrial function damage and apoptosis rates and decreasing clonic function. In addition, we found that the combination of DDP and lumiflavin therapy in vivo has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on an ovarian cancer nude mice model by enhancing the DNA‐damage response and increasing the apoptotic protein expression. Notably, the effect of lumiflavin is associated with reduced riboflavin concentration, and riboflavin could reverse the effect of DDP in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, we conclude that lumiflavin interfered with the riboflavin metabolic pathways, resulting in a significant increase in tumour sensitivity to DDP therapy. Our study suggests that lumiflavin may be a novel treatment alternative for ovarian cancer and its recurrence.
Exploration of Genetic Variations through Single‐cell Whole‐genome Sequencing in the Model Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Guangying , Xiong Jie , Jiang Chuanqi , Miao Wei
Published: June 2019

Ciliates are unicellular eukaryotes with separate germline and somatic genomes and diverse life cycles, which make them a unique model to improve our understanding of population genetics through the detection of genetic variations. However, traditional sequencing methods cannot be directly applied to ciliates because the majority are uncultivated. Single‐cell whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool for studying genetic variation in microbes, but no studies have been performed in ciliates. We compared the use of single‐cell WGS and bulk DNA WGS to detect genetic variation, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Our analyses showed that (i) single‐cell WGS has excellent performance regarding mapping rate and genome coverage but lower sequencing uniformity compared with bulk DNA WGS due to amplification bias (which was reproducible); (ii) false‐positive SNP sites detected by single‐cell WGS tend to occur in genomic regions with particularly high sequencing depth and high rate of C:G to T:A base changes; (iii) SNPs detected in three or more cells should be reliable (an detection efficiency of 83.4–97.4% was obtained for combined data from three cells). This analytical method could be adapted to measure genetic variation in other ciliates and broaden research into ciliate population genetics.
Sex differences in neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia‐ischemia and adaptaquin treatment
Authors: Li Kenan , Li Tao , Wang Yafeng , Xu Yiran , Zhang Shan , Culmsee Carsten , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian
Published: June 2019

Hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl 4‐hydroxylases (HIF‐PHDs) are important targets against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that inhibition HIF‐PHD by adaptaquin reduces hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. The pups were treated intraperitoneally immediately with adaptaquin after hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) and then every 24 h for 3 days. Adaptaquin treatment reduced infarction volume by an average of 26.3% at 72 h after HI compared to vehicle alone, and this reduction was more pronounced in males (34.8%) than in females (11.7%). The protection was also more pronounced in the cortex. The subcortical white matter injury as measured by tissue loss volume was reduced by 24.4% in the adaptaquin treatment group, and this reduction was also more pronounced in males (28.4%) than in females (18.9%). Cell death was decreased in the cortex as indicated by Fluoro‐Jade labeling, but not in other brain regions with adaptaquin treatment. Furthermore, in the brain injury area, adaptaquin did not alter the number of cells positive for caspase‐3 activation or translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor to the nuclei. Adaptaquin treatment increased glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression in the cortex but had no impact on 3‐nitrotyrosine, 8‐hydroxy‐2 deoxyguanosine, or malondialdehyde production. Hif1α mRNA expression increased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment also stimulated Hif1α mRNA expression, which was also more pronounced in males than in females. However, nuclear translocation of HIF1α protein was decreased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment had no influence on HIF1α expression in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that adaptaquin treatment is neuroprotective, but the potential mechanisms need further investigation.

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Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 645.
Parents’ experiences of the caring encounter in the ambulance service—A qualitative study
Authors: Jepsen Klara , Rooth Kristina , Lindström Veronica
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore the experiences of the caring encounter in the ambulance service among parents to children aged 0–14 years.

Background

The care provided by the ambulance team is often associated with emergency medicine, traumatology and disaster medicine. But to develop care in the ambulance service, it is imperative to understand what the parents want and value in the care for their child.

Design

A qualitative study design was used.

Methods

Interviews was used for data collection, 16 caring encounters described by 14 parents were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Reporting of this research adheres to the COREQ guidelines.

Results

The parents described the importance of giving the family enough time in the situation, creating a safe environment and involving the parents in the care. In cases where the parents felt insecure, there had been lack of communication and lack of sensitivity, and the ambulance team did not invite the parents to be participate in the care.

Conclusions

There is a need to strengthen the family‐centred care in the ambulance service. Not inviting the parents in the care and use of equipment that was nonfunctioning or not adjustable for the children’s age caused lack of trust and increased the level of stress among the parents. The parents had a positive experience and felt included when the team were calm, responsive and gave them the chance to be participants in their child’s care.

Relevance to clinical practice

The prehospital emergency care nurses need to be prepared for caring of children and their parents. The ambulance team also need to understand their role in providing care of children. Lack of confidence in treating children may be perceived as nonfamily‐centred care. There is need of further training concerning family‐centred care in the ambulance service.
Impact of formulation on high‐protein bar rheological and wear behaviors
Authors: Sparkman Kristen , Joyner Helen S.
Published: June 2019

Due to the popularity of high‐protein bars, many new formulations are being generated to meet consumer preferences. New formulations may have different mechanical behaviors that can negatively impact processing ability, which makes determining the effect of ingredients on processing ability important. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of major ingredients in high‐protein bars on their rheological and tribological behaviors. Two response surface designs of model high‐protein bars comprising whey protein isolate (WPI), high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and either canola oil (first design) or vegetable shortening (second design) were evaluated. Rheological tests, including adhesion, strain and frequency sweeps, large amplitude oscillatory shear, and wear testing, were conducted to determine the impact of individual ingredients on high‐protein bar mechanical behaviors. Oil‐based formulations had greater adhesion at higher levels of HFCS, while shortening‐based formulations were affected by WPI more than HFCS, resulting in lower overall adhesive maximum forces. Formulas with higher levels of WPI had lower phase angles and greater extent of nonlinear viscoelastic and strain‐hardening behaviors, while formulas with higher lipid and HFCS levels had higher phase angles. Overall, ingredient ratios had a notable impact on both oil‐ and shortening‐based high‐protein bar rheological and wear behaviors, suggesting that rheological and tribological testing could be useful for indicating processing ability of high‐protein bars. The information gained in this study can be used by food manufacturers that produce cold‐extruded or laminated food products. The results can help predict the ability of various formulations to be successfully processed, decreasing product development, and reformulation time and expense.
Connecting the negatives and positives of plant iron homeostasis
Authors: Kroh Gretchen E. , Pilon Marinus
Published: June 2019

This article is a Commentary on Tissot et al., 223: 1433–1446
Lack of Exercise‐Induced Hypoalgesia to Repetitive Back Movement in People with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kuithan Pauline , Heneghan Nicola R. , Rushton Alison , Sanderson Andy , Falla Deborah
Published: June 2019

Purpose

To investigate whether people with chronic low back pain (LBP) show dysfunctional exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in response to repeated contractions of their back muscles during a lifting task.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional observational study conducted on asymptomatic participants (n = 18) and participants with chronic LBP (n = 21), quantitative sensory testing (QST) was applied extensively over the lumbar region and a remote area before and after a repeated task that involved lifting a 5‐kg box for ~7 minutes. QST included pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), thermal detection, pain thresholds, and measures of temporal summation. Topographical maps of the percentage change in PPT detected at 16 locations over the lumbar region were generated to explore regional differences and compared between groups.

Results

Mean (standard deviation) PPTs measured from 16 sites over the lower back changed significantly in asymptomatic participants (+29.78 kPa [41.4]) following task completion, indicative of EIH, whereas no significant change was observed for the low back pain (LBP) group (−14.87 kPa [61.2]). No changes were detected at the remote site for either group. No changes were revealed for the thermal tests. Temporal summation data revealed decreasing pain sensitivity as the test progressed, but the test response did not change after the exercise for either group.

Conclusion(s)

Unlike asymptomatic individuals, participants with LBP lacked EIH over the lumbar erector spinae muscles following repeated lifting. Although these results should be considered in relation to the study limitations, particularly the absence of a control group, the findings support impaired EIH in patients with LBP.
Expression of oestrogen receptor, androgen receptor and progesterone nuclear receptor in sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle
Authors: Duan Hongwei , Xiao Longfei , Hu Junjie , Zhang Yong , Zhao Xingxu , Ge Wenbo , Jiang Yuting , Song Liangli , Yang Shanshan , Luo Wenze
Published: June 2019

Oestrogen, androgen and progesterone are involved in the regulation of uterine physiological functions, with the participation of the following proteins: oestrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone nuclear receptor (PGR). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the localization of ERα, ERβ, AR and PGR in sheep uterus. Additionally, we used real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot technique to analyse their expression profiles at different stages of sheep oestrous cycle in the endometrium and myometrium. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ERα, ERβ, AR and PGR were present in sheep uterus in oestrus, mainly in the uterine luminal epithelium, stroma, gland and myometrium. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that in the endometrium, ERα expression level was highest in oestrus. ERβ and PGR, instead, were highly expressed in pro‐oestrus. In the myometrium, ERα was highly expressed in both oestrus and pro‐oestrus, and ERβ was highly expressed in oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone nuclear receptor expression was highest in oestrus, followed by metoestrus. In the endometrium, both receptors ERα and ERβ were abundant in pro‐oestrus, while the maximum AR protein content was found in oestrus. At this stage of the oestrous cycle, PGR protein concentration in the myometrium was significantly lower than those observed in other stages. These results suggest that these receptors are important for sheep reproductive function, as their expression at mRNA and protein levels exhibits particular time‐ and tissue‐specific profiles along the oestrous cycle.
Longitudinal dyadic analyses of emotion dysregulation and mother–child relationship quality in Chinese children with teacher‐reported oppositional defiant disorder
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Lin Xiuyun , Zhou Qing , Hou Xiangning , Ding Wan , Zhou Nan
Published: June 2019

This study examined whether and how mothers' and children's perceptions of mother–child relationship quality mediated associations between mothers' and children's initial emotion dysregulation and children's emotion dysregulation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms 2 years later. The participants were 155 Chinese children with teacher‐reported ODD and their mothers derived from a three‐wave (2 years apart) longitudinal study. A multiple‐informant approach and a dyadic analysis approach (i.e., actor–partner interdependent modeling) were used. The results revealed that (a) mothers' and children's emotion dysregulation was significantly related to their own and their partners’ concurrent perceptions of relationship quality; (b) mothers' and children's perceptions of relationship quality from Wave 1 to Wave 2 were stable but were also interdependent, such that one's own perception of relationship quality at Wave 1 related to the partner's perception at Wave 2; and (c) relationship quality at the two waves interdependently mediated the associations between mothers' and children's emotion dysregulation at Wave 1 and children's emotion dysregulation and ODD symptoms at Wave 3. Implications for family intervention programs targeting maternal and child emotion dysregulation and strengthening mother–child relationship quality for children with ODD were discussed.
The Energy Boom: Boon or Bane for Local Philanthropy?
Authors: Hwang Hyunseok , Paarlberg Laurie E.
Published: June 2019

Objective

This article explores the complex relationships between the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy. This study aims to find direct effects of the energy boom and indirect effects of multiple mediators—community economic conditions, population change, racial diversity, and income inequality—on local philanthropy.

Methods

Drawing upon data from U.S. counties, a series of mediation analyses are tested by following Baron and Kenney's (1986, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6):1173) causal‐steps procedures.

Results

The energy boom always has negative direct effects on local philanthropy. Although indirect effects of mediators are not always significant, total effects, as the sum of direct and indirect effects, reveal that income, population growth, and racial diversity positively mediate negative effects of the energy boom on local philanthropy. The energy boom increases levels of income inequality; however, increased income inequality paradoxically is positively associated with local philanthropy.

Conclusion

The relationship among the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy is complex. Although direct effects of the energy boom are negative, key findings of positive indirect effects suggest implications for policymakers, nonprofit practitioners, and community leaders when dealing with grand societal challenges caused by natural resource development at the community level.
Impacts of Internet on Openness to Change in China: Millennials Versus Pre‐Millennials
Authors: Harmel Robert , Yeh Yao‐Yuan
Published: June 2019

Objective

This article explores whether there are different consequences from Internet use—in the form of changed political attitudes—for older Chinese as compared to their younger counterparts.

Methods

Using data from a nationwide representative survey of Chinese adults, analyses include both cross‐tabulation and multiple regression.

Results

It is found that millennials are more open to political change than are older Chinese, that older Internet users—as compared to older nonusers—have attitudes more similar to those of millennials, and that differences in attitudes are greater between older users and nonusers than between millennial users and nonusers.

Conclusion

The findings support the conclusion that Internet use has had greater consequences for changed political attitudes for older Chinese than for their younger counterparts.
Influence of length of incision and number of suture lines on the biomechanical properties of incisional gastropexy
Authors: Webb Rebecca J. , Monnet Eric
Published: June 2019

Objective

To determine the effect of the length of incision and of the number of suture lines on the load to failure of incisional gastropexy in an ex vivo model.

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

Thirty‐six hound‐mix fresh canine cadavers.

Methods

Specimens were randomly divided into four groups of incisional gastropexies varying in length of incision (2 or 4 cm) and number of suture lines (one or two). Load to failure was measured. Number of suture bites on each side of the gastropexy and number of inadvertent full thickness gastric suture bites were recorded.

Results

Incisional gastropexies performed with one or two suture lines sustained loads to failure of 53.80 ± 12.10 N and 53.30 ± 10.60 N (P = .887), respectively. Loads to failure equal to 49.70 ± 10.80 N and 57.30 ± 10.60 N (P = .048) were measured on incisional gastropexies performed with 2‐ or 4‐cm‐suture lines, respectively. There was no interaction between the length of the incision and the number of suture lines (P = .634).

Conclusion

Length of incision but not number of suture lines influenced the biomechanical properties of gastropexies in this acute cadaveric model.

Clinical significance

According to this acute in vitro experiment, gastropexy can be performed with either one or two suture lines.
The natural matching of harmonic responses in the pulmonary circulation
Authors: Pérez del Villar Candelas , Martínez‐Legazpi Pablo , Mombiela Teresa , Chazo Christian , Desco Mar , Rodríguez‐Pérez Daniel , Benito Yolanda , Barrio Alicia , Gutiérrez‐Ibañes Enrique , del Álamo Juan C. , Elízaga Jaime , Antoranz José Carlos , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Yotti Raquel , Bermejo Javier
Published: June 2019

Key points

The right ventricle of the mammal heart is highly sensitive to the afterload imposed by a combination of the pulmonary circulation and the retrograde contribution of the left heart.

Right ventricular afterload can be analysed in terms of pulmonary artery input impedance, which we were able to decompose as the result of the harmonic frequency responses of the pulmonary vessels and the left heart attached in series.

Using spectral methods, we found a natural matching between the pulmonary vasculature and the left chambers of the heart. This coupling implies that the upstream transmission of the left heart frequency‐response has favourable effects on the pulmonary tree.

This physiological mechanism protects the right ventricle against acute changes in preload, and its impairment may be a relevant contribution to right ventricle dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.

The right ventricle (RV) of the mammal heart is highly sensitive to the afterload imposed by the pulmonary circulation, and the left heart (LH) retrogradely contributes significantly to this vascular load. Transmission‐line theory anticipates that the degree of matching between the frequency responses of the pulmonary vasculature and the LH should modulate the global right haemodynamic burden. We measured simultaneous high‐fidelity flow (pulmonary artery) and pressure (pulmonary artery and left atrium) in 18 healthy minipigs under acute haemodynamic interventions. From these data, we decomposed the impedance spectra of the total right‐circulation system into the impedance of the pulmonary vessels and the harmonic response of the LH. For frequencies above the first harmonic, total impedance was below the pulmonary impedance during all phases (P < 0.001; pooled phases), demonstrating a favourable effect of the LH harmonic response on RV pulsatile load: the LH harmonic response was responsible for a 20% reduction of pulse pulmonary artery pressure (P < 0.001 vs. a theoretical purely‐resistive response) and a 15% increase of pulmonary compliance (P = 0.009). This effect on compliance was highest during acute volume overload. In the normal right circulation, the longitudinal impedance of the pulmonary vasculature is matched to the harmonic response of the LH in a way that efficiently reduces the pulmonary pulsatile vascular load. This source of interaction between the right and left circulations of mammals protects the RV against excessive afterload during acute volume transients and its disruption may be an important contributor to pulmonary hypertension.
Design Method and Performance Prediction for Radial-Inflow Turbines of High-Temperature Mini-Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
Authors: De Servi Carlo M. , Burigana Matteo , Pini Matteo , Colonna Piero
Published: June 2019

The realization of commercial mini organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems (tens of kW of power output) is currently pursued by means of various research and development activities. The application driving most of the efforts is the waste heat recovery from long-haul truck engines. Obtaining an efficient mini radial inflow turbine, arguably the most suitable type of expander for this application, is particularly challenging, given the small mass flow rate, and the occurrence of nonideal compressible fluid dynamic effects in the stator. Available design methods are currently based on guidelines and loss models developed mainly for turbochargers. The preliminary geometry is subsequently adapted by means of computational fluid-dynamic calculations with codes that are not validated in case of nonideal compressible flows of organic fluids. An experimental 10 kW mini-ORC radial inflow turbine will be realized and tested in the Propulsion and Power Laboratory of the Delft University of Technology, with the aim of providing measurement datasets for the validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools and the calibration of empirical loss models. The fluid dynamic design and characterization of this machine is reported here. Notably, the turbine is designed using a meanline model in which fluid-dynamic losses are estimated using semi-empirical correlations for conventional radial turbines. The resulting impeller geometry is then optimized using steady-state three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic models and surrogate-based optimization. Finally, a loss breakdown is performed and the results are compared against those obtained by three-dimensional unsteady fluid-dynamic calculations. The outcomes of the study indicate that the optimal layout of mini-ORC turbines significantly differs from that of radial-inflow turbines (RIT) utilized in more traditional applications, confirming the need for experimental campaigns to support the conception of new design practices.
Changes in Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity After a Trail-Running Race
Authors: Giovanelli Nicola , Biasutti Lea , Salvadego Desy , Alemayehu Hailu K. , Grassi Bruno , Lazzer Stefano
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a trail-running race on muscle oxidative function by measuring pulmonary gas exchange variables and muscle fractional O2 extraction. Methods: Eighteen athletes were evaluated before (PRE) and after (POST) a trail-running competition of 32 or 50 km with 2000 or 3500 m of elevation gain, respectively. During the week before the race, runners performed an incremental uphill running test and an incremental exercise by utilizing a 1-leg knee extension ergometer. The knee extension exercise was repeated after the end of the race. During the knee extension test, the authors measured oxygen uptake () and micromolar changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb)+myoglobin (Mb) concentrations (Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)]) on vastus lateralis with a portable near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: was lower at POST versus PRE (−23.9% [9.0%]; P < .001). at POST was lower than at the same workload at PRE (−8.4% [15.6%]; P < .050). Peak power output and time to exhaustion decreased at POST by −23.7% (14.3%) and −18.3% (11.3%), respectively (P < .005). At POST, the increase of Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] as a function of work rate, from unloaded to peak, was less pronounced (from 20.2% [10.1%] to 64.5% [21.1%] of limb ischemia at PRE to 16.9% [12.7%] to 44.0% [18.9%] at POST). Peak Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] values were lower at POST (by −31.2% [20.5%]; P < .001). Conclusions: Trail running leads to impairment in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, possibly related to muscle damage from repeated eccentric contractions. In association with other mechanisms, the impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism is likely responsible for the reduced exercise capacity and tolerance during and following these races.
Tart Cherry Juice: No Effect on Muscle Function Loss or Muscle Soreness in Professional Soccer Players After a Match
Authors: Abbott Will , Brashill Callum , Brett Adam , Clifford Tom
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tart cherry juice (TCJ) on recovery from a soccer match in professional players. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 10 male professional soccer players from the reserve team of an English Premier League Club (age 19 [1] y, height 1.8 [0.6] m, body mass 77.3 [6.4] kg) consumed 2 × 30-mL servings of TCJ or an isocaloric cherry-flavored control drink (CON) before and after a 90-minute match and 12 and 36 hours after the match. Muscle function (countermovement jump height and reactive strength index), subjective well-being, and subjective muscle soreness were measured before and 12, 36, and 60 hours after each match. Results: Countermovement jump height was similarly reduced in the days after the match after TCJ and CON supplementation, with the greatest loss occurring at 12-hour postmatch (−5.9% [3.1%] vs −5.4% [2.9%], of baseline values, respectively; P = .966; ). Decrements in reactive strength index were also greatest at 12-hour postmatch (TCJ −9.4% [8.4%] vs CON −13.9% [4.8%], of baseline values), but no group differences were observed at any time point (P = .097; ). Muscle soreness increased 12- to 60-hour postmatch in both groups, peaking at 12-hour postmatch (TCJ 122 [27] mm vs CON 119 [22] mm), but no group differences were observed (P = .808; ). No interaction effects were observed for subjective well-being (P = .874; ). Conclusions: TCJ did not hasten recovery after a soccer match in professional players. These findings bring into question the use of TCJ as a recovery aid in professional soccer players.
Performance Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion Between Bouts of Intense Aerobic Interval Exercise
Authors: McCarthy Devin G. , Spriet Lawrence L.
Published: June 2019

Background: Rest between training sessions can be short for athletes. In these situations, consuming carbohydrate (CHO) postexercise replenishes glycogen stores, which is important for recovery and subsequent performance. Purpose: This study tested whether CHO intake during a 2-hour rest between exercise bouts improved performance in the subsequent bout. Methods: In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, 10 recreationally active participants (23 [4] y, 70.8 [6.6] kg, 47.0 [5.4] mL·O2·min−1·kg·body·mass−1) arrived at the lab postprandial and completed 2 exercise bouts separated by a 2-hour rest. Bouts included 5 × 4-minute intervals at ∼80% peak oxygen consumption separated by 2 minutes at ∼40% peak oxygen consumption and ended with an endurance trial to voluntary exhaustion at ∼90% peak oxygen consumption. During intervals 1 and 4 in each bout, expired gases were collected and O2 deficit was estimated. Immediately following bout 1, either a CHO (1.2 g CHO·kg·body·mass−1) or placebo solution was consumed. Results: Endurance trial duration decreased in bout 2 versus 1 in both conditions (P < .01) but was ∼35% longer in bout 2 with CHO versus placebo (interaction, P = .03; post hoc, P = .03). Oxygen uptake increased during interval 4 versus 1 in both bouts (P < .01) but was unaffected by CHO (P ≥ .58). O2 deficit was unaffected by CHO (P = .93), bout, or interval (P ≥ .15). Perceived exertion was higher in bout 2 versus 1 (P < .001) and reduced in intervals 2 and 4 in CHO (P ≤ .01). Conclusions: When rest between training sessions is 2 hours, athletes may improve subsequent performance by consuming CHO during recovery.
Identifying Athlete Body Fluid Changes During a Competitive Season With Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis
Authors: Campa Francesco , Matias Catarina N. , Marini Elisabetta , Heymsfield Steven B. , Toselli Stefania , Sardinha Luís B. , Silva Analiza M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:To analyze the association between body fluid changes evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and dilution techniques over a competitive season in athletes.Methods:A total of 58 athletes of both sexes (men: age 18.7 [4.0] y and women: age 19.2 [6.0] y) engaging in different sports were evaluated at the beginning (pre) and 6 months after (post) the competitive season. Deuterium dilution and bromide dilution were used as the criterion methods to assess total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW), respectively; intracellular water (ICW) was calculated as TBW–ECW. Bioelectrical resistance and reactance were obtained with a phase-sensitive 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis device; bioelectrical impedance vector analysis was applied. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess fat mass and fat-free mass. The athletes were empirically classified considering TBW change (pre–post, increase or decrease) according to sex.Results:Significant mean vector displacements in the postgroups were observed in both sexes. Specifically, reductions in vector length (Z/H) were associated with increases in TBW and ICW (r = −.718,P < .01;r = −.630,P < .01, respectively) and decreases in ECW:ICW ratio (r = .344,P < .05), even after adjusting for age, height, and sex. Phase-angle variations were positively associated with TBW and ICW (r = .458,P < .01;r = .564,P < .01, respectively) and negatively associated with ECW:ICW (r = −.436,P < .01). Phase angle significantly increased in all the postgroups except in women in whom TBW decreased.Conclusions:The results suggest that bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is a suitable method to obtain a qualitative indication of body fluid changes during a competitive season in athletes.
Quantifying the Training-Intensity Distribution in Middle-Distance Runners: The Influence of Different Methods of Training-Intensity Quantification
Authors: Bellinger Phillip , Arnold Blayne , Minahan Clare
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To compare the training-intensity distribution (TID) across an 8-week training period in a group of highly trained middle-distance runners employing 3 different methods of training-intensity quantification. Methods: A total of 14 highly trained middle-distance runners performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion to determine the heart rate (HR) and running speed corresponding to the ventilatory thresholds (gas-exchange threshold and respiratory-compensation threshold), as well as fixed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values, which were used to demarcate 3 training-intensity zones. During the following 8 weeks, the TID (total and percentage of time spent in each training zone) of all running training sessions (N = 695) was quantified using continuous running speed, HR monitoring, and RPE. Results: Compared with the running-speed-derived TID (zone 1, 79.9% [7.3%]; zone 2, 5.3% [4.9%]; and zone 3, 14.7% [7.3%]), HR-demarcated TID (zone 1, 79.6% [7.2%]; zone 2, 17.0% [6.3%]; and zone 3, 3.4% [2.0%]) resulted in a substantially higher training time in zone 2 (effect size ± 95% confidence interval: −1.64 ± 0.53; P < .001) and lower training time in zone 3 (−1.59 ± 0.51; P < .001). RPE-derived TID (zone 1, 39.6% [8.4%]; zone 2, 31.9% [8.7%]; and zone 3, 28.5% [11.6%]) reduced time in zone 1 compared with both HR (−5.64 ± 1.40; P < .001) and running speed (−5.69 ± 1.9; P < .001), whereas time in RPE training zones 2 and 3 was substantially higher than both HR- and running-speed-derived zones. Conclusion: The results show that the method of training-intensity quantification substantially affects computation of TID.
Seven A’s of Active Aging: Older Men’s Suggestions for Physical Activity Programs
Authors: Deneau Jordan , Horton Sean , van Wyk Paula M.
Published: June 2019

In an attempt to offset the widespread anticipated impact of aging populations, active aging programs have become nearly ubiquitous in Western society. Nonetheless, older adults tend to remain relatively inactive. The perspectives of older adults constitute a key resource to help guide active aging efforts. Moreover, gender-sensitized and ecological approaches to physical activity programming may contribute markedly to the efficacy and inclusiveness of such initiatives. Considering the paucity of research regarding older men’s suggestions for physical activity programs, this study involved semistructured interviews to ascertain the perceptions among 19 older men (aged 75–90 years). Through a thematic analysis, seven key attributes emerged that participants believed physical activity programs should possess: affordable, available, accessible, adapted, alternative, accompanied, and awareness. The complexities and implications pertaining to these attributes are discussed in the context of ecological theory and ideals of masculinity.
Fall-Prevention Exercises With or Without Behavior Change Support for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arkkukangas Marina , Tuvemo Johnson Susanna , Hellström Karin , Anens Elisabeth , Tonkonogi Michail , Larsson Ulf
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the effectiveness of two fall-prevention exercise interventions targeting physical performance, activity level, fall-related self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and falls: the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) with and the OEP without behavior change support. In this randomized controlled trial, 175 participants were randomized into two intervention groups and one control group. A total of 124 community-dwelling older adults aged 75 and older who needed walking aids or home support participated in the 2-year follow-up. The OEP with and without support for behavior change displayed no long-term benefits on physical performance, fall-related self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and falls compared with a control group. Although no significant differences were detected between the groups, the results implied the control group’s physical activity level decreased compared with the intervention groups at 2-year follow-up.
Measuring and Comparing Physical Education Teachers’ Perceived Attributes of CSPAPs: An Innovation Adoption Perspective
Authors: Webster Collin A. , Mîndrilă Diana , Moore Chanta , Stewart Gregory , Orendorff Karie , Taunton Sally
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Drawing from the diffusion of innovations theory, this study aimed to develop a survey to measure physical education teachers’ perceived attributes of comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs) and examine the differences between adopters’ and potential adopters’ perceived attributes.Method: The authors created an electronic survey and e-mailed it to 2,955 physical education teachers identified from a random sample of all public schools in the United States. The participants’ (N = 407) responses were analyzed using the exploratory structural equation modeling framework.Results: The exploratory structural equation modeling yielded five factors: (a) compatibility, (b) relative advantage, (c) observability, (d) simplicity, and (e) trialability (χ2/df = 3.2; root mean square error of approximation = .074; comparative-fit index = .983; Tucker–Lewis index = .971; weighted root mean residual = .668). Compared with potential adopters, teachers who had already adopted a CSPAP perceived CSPAPs as simpler to implement but less trialable.Discussion/Conclusion: This study advances the measurement for CSPAP implementation and offers insight into program attributes that merit a targeted focus in efforts to increase CSPAP adoption.
Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity During Physical Education, Recess, and Class Time Among Elementary School Children in Qatar
Authors: Zimmo Lena , Almudahka Fuad , Ibrahim Izzeldin , Al-kuwari Mohamed G. , Farooq Abdulaziz
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Schools provide opportunities for children to accumulate recommended daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study aimed to determine physical activity (PA) across the school day among elementary school children in Qatar.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 181 Grade 1 (5.8 ± 0.4 years) and Grade 4 (9.0 ± 0.5 years) children. Participants wore wrist-based accelerometers for 5 days to assess school-based PA. MVPA during physical education, recess, and class time were compared across sex, grade, and body mass index using general linear models.Results: Only 39.0% of this cohort met the recommended 30 min of MVPA during school hours. Fewer girls (23.2%) than boys (58.1%) achieved the school-based PA guidelines (p < .001). The children engaged in 19.0 ± 12.3%, 19.3 ± 8.6%, and 6.2 ± 3.4% of the designated physical education, recess, and class time in MVPA, respectively.Conclusion: Elementary school children in Qatar engage in inadequate MVPA during the school day, especially girls. Enhancing PA opportunities during physical education and recess is crucial.
A Person-Centered Approach in Physical Education to Better Understand Low-Motivation Students
Authors: Franco Evelia , Coterón Javier , Huéscar Elisa , Moreno-Murcia Juan A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This study seeks to offer a motivational sequence that explains the intention of physical activity among low-motivation students.Method: Participants included 1,872 students (Mage = 15.01,SDage = 0.83 years) from three countries. A cluster analysis (i.e., a person-centered approach) and a multigroup structural equation model (i.e., a dimensional approach) were used.Results: Three motivational profiles, namely, high motivation, high motivation with low ego, and low motivation–moderate task orientation were established. The model first tested, based on previous research findings, was found not to be invariant across the different profiles. The new model tested was determined to be suitable for the low-motivation profile.Discussion: The results revealed that widely accepted motivational sequences that explain the intention to be physically active in the future may be inapplicable for the least motivated students. The findings suggest that dispositional flow may play an important role in the engagement of low-motivation students in future physical activity.
Innovative Analysis of Service-Learning Effects in Physical Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Capella-Peris Carlos , Gil-Gómez Jesús , Chiva-Bartoll Òscar
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To compare the development of teaching competency in preservice teachers of physical education (n = 96) through two different modalities of intervention from the same service-learning program. The preservice teachers provided a direct service to children with motor functional diversity, promoting their motor skills and counteracting their lack of social attention. Method: The topic was approached using mixed methods with methodological triangulation. Quantitative evidence was gathered through a quasi-experimental design of two nonequivalent experimental groups implementing the following instrument: the Teaching Competency while performing Motor Skills and Body Language Games Rubric. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis was undertaken by elaborating upon 12 life histories of multiple crossed stories. Results: The quantitative results provided significant evidence regarding the academic effect of service-learning on preservice teachers, while the qualitative interpretation complemented this view, reflecting on how this learning was developed. Discussion/Conclusion: The authors provided the original findings of the service-learning effects on the teaching competency of preservice teachers as well as the promotion of additional academic and social learning.
The gut microbiota regulates white adipose tissue inflammation and obesity via a family of microRNAs
Authors: Virtue Anthony T. , McCright Sam J. , Wright Jasmine M. , Jimenez Monica T. , Mowel Walter K. , Kotzin Jonathan J. , Joannas Leonel , Basavappa Megha G. , Spencer Sean P. , Clark Megan L. , Eisennagel Stephen H. , Williams Adam , Levy Maayan , Manne Sasikanth , Henrickson Sarah E. , Wherry E. John , Thaiss Christoph A. , Elinav Eran , Henao-Mejia Jorge
Published: June 2019

Tryptophan-derived metabolites from the gut microbiota control
miR-181
expression in mouse white adipocytes to regulate metabolism and inflammation.
Revisiting the Correlate of Reduced HIV Infection Risk in the Rv144 Vaccine Trial
Authors: Zolla-Pazner Susan , Gilbert Peter B.
Published: June 2019

The RV144 vaccine trial is the only clinical study to have shown a modest but statistically significant decrease in HIV infection risk. RV144 and the subsequent studies identifying the level of V1V2-specific antibodies as a correlate of reduced infection risk are still controversial despite many papers supporting and expanding the initial study.
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of an Engelmann Spruce (
Picea engelmannii
, Genotype Se404-851) from Western Canada
Authors: Lin Diana , Coombe Lauren , Jackman Shaun D. , Gagalova Kristina K. , Warren René L. , Hammond S. Austin , McDonald Helen , Kirk Heather , Pandoh Pawan , Zhao Yongjun , Moore Richard A. , Mungall Andrew J. , Ritland Carol , Doerksen Trevor , Jaquish Barry , Bousquet Jean , Jones Steven J. M. , Bohlmann Joerg , Birol Inanc
Published: June 2019

Engelmann spruce (
Picea engelmannii
) is a conifer found primarily on the west coast of North America. Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome sequence of
Picea engelmannii
genotype Se404-851. This chloroplast sequence will benefit future conifer genomic research and contribute resources to further species conservation efforts.
Genome Sequences of Four Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from the English Channel and the River Thames
Authors: Witherall Lucy , Wagley Sariqa , Butler Clive , Tyler Charles R. , Temperton Ben
Published: June 2019

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is the lead causative agent for seafood-borne human gastroenteritis. While its occurrence has traditionally been uncommon in Europe and the United Kingdom, rising sea surface temperatures have resulted in an increased prevalence. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of four novel
V. parahaemolyticus
strains isolated in the United Kingdom.
Complete Genome Sequence of
emm
1 Streptococcus pyogenes 10-85, a Strain Isolated from a Patient with Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome in Japan
Authors: Tatsuno Ichiro , Isaka Masanori , Matsumoto Masakado , Nishio Naomi , Matsui Hideyuki , Hasegawa Tadao
Published: June 2019

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of
Streptococcus pyogenes
strain 10-85 (type
emm
1), isolated from a patient with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). The strain lacks the genomic regions encoding SalR-SalK, a two‐component regulatory system, and the adjacent type I restriction modification system.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Mesosutterella multiformis
JCM 32464
T
, a Member of the Family
Sutterellaceae
, Isolated from Human Feces
Authors: Ikeyama Nao , Ohkuma Moriya , Sakamoto Mitsuo
Published: June 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Mesosutterella multiformis
JCM 32464
T
, a new member of the family
Sutterellaceae
that was isolated from human feces. The genome assembly comprised 2,621,983 bp, with a G+C content of 56.9%. This genomic analysis will be useful for understanding the metabolic activities of this asaccharolytic bacterium.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus mycoides TH26, Isolated from a Permafrost Thaw Gradient
Authors: Haan Tracie , McDougall Scout , Drown Devin M.
Published: June 2019

Here, we describe the complete genome assembly of a
Bacillus mycoides
isolate collected from a boreal forest soil associated with permafrost thaw. Using only long-read Nanopore sequences and VolTRAX library preparation, we assembled two circular contigs totaling 5,789,722 bp (
N
50
, 5,306,036), a complete chromosome with one plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of FK506-Producing
Streptomyces tsukubensis
Strain VKM Ac-2618D
Authors: Poshekhontseva Veronika Y. , Bragin Eugeny Y. , Fokina Victoria V. , Shtratnikova Victoriya Y. , Starodumova Irina P. , Tarlachkov Sergey V. , Donova Marina V.
Published: June 2019

The 23-membered macrolide tacrolimus (FK506) is an important immunosuppressant that is widely used in the prevention of graft rejection and in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and immune diseases. We report here the draft genome sequence of the FK506 producer
Streptomyces tsukubensis
VKM Ac-2618D.
Laurentian origin of the Cuyania suspect terrane, western Argentina, confirmed by Hf isotopes in zircon
Authors: Martin Erin L. , Collins William J. , Spencer Christopher J.
Published: June 2019

The proto-Andean margin of Argentina consists of several suspect terranes, the origins of which are disputed. The Cuyania (greater Precordillera) suspect terrane was originally interpreted to be of southeast Laurentian affinity, but more recently a southwestern Gondwanan provenance has been argued. Both potential source regions comprise Mesoproterozoic rocks, but we show they are isotopically distinct, using previously published zircon Lu-Hf data. Detrital zircon εHf data from southwestern Gondwana (Namaqua-Natal belt) show no correlation with new zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data from Cuyania, suggesting that Gondwana was not the source of these sediments. Rather, detrital zircons from Cambrian strata in Cuyania yield Mesoproterozoic zircons with depleted εHf that correlate to the Grenville margin of Laurentia, and a ca. 535 Ma zircon population sourced directly from rift-related rocks of the Ouachita Embayment, thus recording rifting and drifting of Cuyania from Laurentia. By contrast, zircons from Middle to Late Ordovician strata of Cuyania record a larger range of εHf values, correlated with Western Sierras Pampeanas Mesoproterozoic basement inliers of Argentina. These synorogenic clastic deposits record the Ordovician arrival of Cuyania at the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. The new data require the terrane boundaries of Cuyania to be redefined, thereby excluding Western Sierras Pampeanas basement inliers. The results verify the Laurentian microcontinent model for the origin of Cuyania.