bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Biobased Succinonitrile from Glutamic Acid and Glutamine
Authors: Lammens Tijs M. , Le Nôtre Jérôme , Franssen Maurice C. R. , Scott Elinor L. , Sanders Johan P. M.
Published: May 2011

Succinonitrile is the precursor of 1,4‐diaminobutane, which is used for the industrial production of polyamides. This paper describes the synthesis of biobased succinonitrile from glutamic acid and glutamine, amino acids that are abundantly present in many plant proteins. Synthesis of the intermediate 3‐cyanopropanoic amide was achieved from glutamic acid 5‐methyl ester in an 86 mol % yield and from glutamine in a 56 mol % yield. 3‐Cyanopropanoic acid can be converted into succinonitrile, with a selectivity close to 100 % and a 62 % conversion, by making use of a palladium(II)‐catalyzed equilibrium reaction with acetonitrile. Thus, a new route to produce biobased 1,4‐diaminobutane has been discovered.
Peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction and digital predistortion effects in power amplifiers in OFDM system
Authors: Varahram Pooria , Ali Borhanuddin Mohd
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the effects of peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs) by considering memory effects and of digital predistortion are investigated. A new predistortion technique is proposed, which is called the complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP) method. The CGMP is applied to compensate the dynamic memory effects of PAs. The conventional partial transmit sequence method is applied for peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction, and combining it with the CGMP results in efficiency enhancement and spectrum efficiency improvement. Simulation and results are examined with the two types of PAs and with an OFDM signal with quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marital functioning and binge eating disorder in married women
Authors: Whisman Mark A. , Dementyeva Anastasia , Baucom Donald H. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: May 2011

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between marital functioning and binge eating disorder (BED).

Method:

In a population‐based survey of 2,084 married women, women with current (i.e., occurring in the past 12 months) BED were compared on three measures of marital functioning (marital satisfaction, negative interaction, and positive interaction) to women with (a) other current Axis I disorders and (b) no current disorder.

Results:

Women with BED reported lower levels of marital satisfaction and higher levels of negative interaction than women with other disorders, who in turn reported poorer functioning than women with no disorder. Women with other disorders reported lower levels of positive interaction than women with BED, who in turn reported lower levels than women with no disorder.

Discussion:

Findings suggest that marital functioning for women with BED is comparable to or worse than for women with other psychiatric disorders, which supports the need for continued investigation into the marital functioning of people with BED. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012;)
The predictive validity of the DEBQ‐external eating scale for eating in response to food commercials while watching television
Authors: van Strien Tatjana , Peter Herman C. , Anschutz Doeschka
Published: May 2011

Objective:

To challenge the conclusion by Jansen et al., Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:164–168, that the widely used Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) External Eating subscale (DEBQ‐EX) lacks validity for external eating, because of limitations of that study.

Method:

In a seminaturalistic setting we measured participants' intake of crisps and M&Ms while they watched food commercials or neutral commercials spliced into a film. To avoid misclassification due to the use of median splits we used extreme scores on the DEBQ‐ex (n = 60) in addition to the full range of scores (n = 125).

Results:

As was expected, high external eaters in the food commercial condition ate more crisps than did high external eaters in the neutral commercial condition, whereas low external eaters did not eat more crisps in one condition than in the other. No such moderator effect was found for emotional eating. No significant moderator effect was found for external eating in the original sample (n = 125) using the median‐split procedure.

Discussion:

The DEBQ scale for external eating has validity and specificity for external eating provided that the participants have sufficiently extreme external eating scores and a natural setting is used. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Antiferromagnetic Co–Gd Interactions in a Tetranuclear [CoGd]2 Complex with Low‐Spin Square‐Planar Co Ions – Role of the Singly Occupied 3d Co Magnetic Orbital
Authors: Gómez Verónica , Vendier Laure , Corbella Montserrat , Costes Jean‐Pierre
Published: May 2011

A trianionic ligand H3L [2‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐{[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}‐2‐methylpropyl)benzamide] with an inner N2O2 coordination site and an oxygen atom coming from an amide function not involved in this site yields a monoanionic LCo‐pipH+ complex, in which the CoII ion is in a square‐planar environment and a low‐spin state S = 1/2. Further reaction with GdCl3·6H2O and tetramethylheptanedione (Hthd) yields a dinuclear Co–Gd complex that self‐assembles into a tetranuclear species, as demonstrated by the structural determination of the [LCoGd(thd)2(MeOH)]2 complex. This genuine entity is the first example in which a CoII ion in a low‐spin state is associated with a gadolinium ion. The magnetic studies confirm that two antiferromagnetic interactions are active through the double phenoxo bridge (J = –1.0 cm–1) and through the single amide bridge (j = –0.1 cm–1). Contrary to the large majority of 3d–Gd complexes that present ferromagnetic interactions, the involvement of a dxy or dyz cobalt orbital is responsible for the presence of an antiferromagnetic interaction.
The Al50Cp*12 Cluster – A 138‐Electron Closed Shell (L = 6) Superatom
Authors: Clayborne Peneé A. , Lopez‐Acevedo Olga , Whetten Robert L. , Grönbeck Henrik , Häkkinen Hannu
Published: May 2011

Metal clusters stabilized by a surface ligand shell represent an interesting intermediate state of matter between molecular metal–ligand complexes and bulk metal. Such “metalloid” clusters are characterized by the balance between metal–metal bonds in the core and metal–ligand bonds at the exterior of the cluster. In previous studies, the electronic stability for the Al50Cp*12 cluster was not fully understood. We show here that the known cluster Al50Cp*12 can be considered as an analogue to a giant atom (“superatom”) with 138 sp electrons organized in concentric angular momentum shells up to L = 6 symmetry.
Simple Electrodeposition of Dendritic Au Rods from Sulfite‐Based Au(I) Electrolytes with High Electrocatalytic and SERS Activities
Authors: Hyun Myeounghee , Choi Suhee , Lee Young Wook , Kwon Soo Han , Han Sang Woo , Kim Jongwon
Published: May 2011

Fabrication of dendritic Au rod (DAR) structures on Au surfaces via a simple electrodeposition from sulfite‐based electrolytes containing Au(I) has been demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopic images show that the DAR structures contain highly faceted star‐shaped protrusions in sub‐100 nm scale. Electrochemical and X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the DAR structures retain high amount of (110) and (100) crystalline domains on their surfaces. The unique morphology and surface orientation of DAR provide high electrocatalytic activities for glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction and efficient surface‐enhanced Raman scattering activities.
Amperometric Flow‐Biosensor for Cyanide Based on an Inhibitory Effect upon Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen by Peroxidase‐Modified Carbon‐Felt
Authors: Wang Yue , Hasebe Yasushi
Published: May 2011

A novel, simple and relative highly sensitive amperometric flow biosensor for cyanide was developed by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐adsorbed carbon‐felt (CF), based on an inhibitory effect on the HRP‐catalyzed O2 reduction. The HRP‐CF showed a sufficient bioelecrocatalytic activity for O2 reduction in the potential region from 0 to −0.5 V at pH 5.0, due to a direct electron transfer‐based O2 reduction process via ferrous‐HRP and compound III. This HRP‐catalyzed O2 reduction was reversibly inhibited by cyanide, which enabled to fabricate a novel and simple reagentless (i.e., no requirement of the ordinary substrate, H2O2, and the electron transfer mediators) flow‐biosensor for cyanide. When air‐saturated 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) was used as a carrier under the applied potential of −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the steady‐state base‐current due to the HRP‐catalyzed O2 reduction was reversibly inhibited by the cyanide injection (200 µL), resulting in peak‐shape current responses. The magnitude of the inhibition peak currents linearly increased with increasing concentrations of cyanide up to 1 µM, and the detection limit was found to be 0.04 µM (S/N=2). The apparent inhibition constant Ki′ was estimated to be 0.87 µM.
Application of Contactless Impedance Detection to Determination of Substances in Gaseous Phase
Authors: Pavlíček V. , Opekar F. , Štulík K.
Published: May 2011

A simple cell, consisting of two insulated wire electrodes placed in a PTFE tube through which the test gaseous phase flows, has been applied to capacitively coupled contactless conductometric detection (C4D) and determination of water vapour in the air, to examine the possibilities of the use of C4D for analyses of gaseous samples. It has been found that the measurement is sufficiently sensitive and reliable for determinations of common concentrations of water in the air. The dynamic characteristics and the signal stability demonstrate that the cell will be suitable for long‐term continuous monitoring of the air humidity. Qualitative tests indicate that vapours of organic solvents can also be monitored. To the authors knowledge, this is the first attempt to use C4D in gas analyses.
Evaluation of the risk of mixtures of paddy insecticides and their transformation products to aquatic organisms in the Sakura River, Japan
Authors: Iwafune Takashi , Yokoyama Atsushi , Nagai Takashi , Horio Takeshi
Published: May 2011

To assess the risk of mixtures of six paddy insecticides and their transformation products (TPs) to aquatic organisms in the Sakura River, Japan, their concentrations in the river water were monitored during the rice cultivation season in 2008 and 2009, and acute toxicity tests for Cheumatopsyche brevilineata (caddisflies) and Daphnia magna (daphnids), surrogate test species for caddisflies and cladocerans, respectively, were conducted. The mixture of fipronil, applied in the rice nursery box, and its desulfinyl, sulfide, and sulfone TPs were detected in the river for several months after transplanting, and they were more toxic to C. brevilineata than the other tested compounds. The toxicities of the parent compound and its TPs, such as fipronil and its TPs, may be related to their hydrophobicities. Risk quotients for mixtures (RQmix) of only parent compounds did not exceed 1, but, in mid-June 2009, the RQmix of parent compounds and TPs for caddisflies exceeded 1. Diazinon, fenitrothion, and fenthion sprayed on the rice crop and their TPs posed a sporadic risk for cladocerans, depending on the application timing, whereas fipronil TPs contributed to the RQmix for caddisflies for several months after transplanting. The risk of mixtures of insecticides and their TPs differed seasonally between caddisflies and cladocerans, depending on insecticide application timing and the persistence and toxicity of TPs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1834–1842. © 2011 SETAC
Copper and zinc contamination in oysters: Subcellular distribution and detoxification
Authors: Wang Wen-Xiong , Yang Yubo , Guo Xiaoyu , He Mei , Guo Feng , Ke Caihuan
Published: May 2011

Metal pollution levels in estuarine and coastal environments have been widely reported, but few documented reports exist of severe contamination in specific environments. Here, we report on a metal-contaminated estuary in Fujian Province, China, in which blue oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and green oysters (Crassostrea angulata) were discovered to be contaminated with Cu and other metals. Extraordinarily high metal concentrations were found in the oysters collected from the estuary. Comparison with historical data suggests that the estuary has recently been contaminated with Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn. Metal concentrations in blue oysters were as high as 1.4 and 2.4% of whole-body tissue dry wt for Cu and Zn, respectively. Cellular debris was the main subcellular fraction binding the metals, but metal-rich granules were important for Cr, Ni, and Pb. With increasing Cu accumulation, its partitioning into the cytosolic proteins decreased. In contrast, metallothionein-like proteins increased their importance in binding with Zn as tissue concentrations of Zn increased. In the most severely contaminated oysters, only a negligible fraction of their Cu and Zn was bound with the metal-sensitive fraction, which may explain the survival of oysters in such contaminated environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1767–1774. © 2011 SETAC
PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment
Authors: Janssen Elisabeth M.-L , Thompson Janet K , Luoma Samuel N , Luthy Richard G
Published: May 2011

The benthic community was analyzed to evaluate pollution-induced changes for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site at Hunters Point (HP) relative to 30 reference sites in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. An analysis based on functional traits of feeding, reproduction, and position in the sediment shows that HP is depauperate in deposit feeders, subsurface carnivores, and species with no protective barrier. Sediment chemistry analysis shows that PCBs are the major risk drivers at HP (1,570 ppb) and that the reference sites contain very low levels of PCB contamination (9 ppb). Different feeding traits support the existence of direct pathways of exposure, which can be mechanistically linked to PCB bioaccumulation by biodynamic modeling. The model shows that the deposit feeder Neanthes arenaceodentata accumulates approximately 20 times more PCBs in its lipids than the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica and up to 130 times more than the filter feeder Mytilus edulis. The comparison of different exposure scenarios suggests that PCB tissue concentrations at HP are two orders of magnitude higher than at the reference sites. At full scale, in situ sorbent amendment with activated carbon may reduce PCB bioaccumulation at HP by up to 85 to 90% under favorable field and treatment conditions. The modeling framework further demonstrates that such expected remedial success corresponds to exposure conditions suggested as the cleanup goal for HP. However, concentrations remain slightly higher than at the reference sites. The present study demonstrates how the remedial success of a sorbent amendment, which lowers the PCB availability, can be compared to reference conditions and traditional cleanup goals, which are commonly based on bulk sediment concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1819–1826. © 2011 SETAC
Embryotoxicity of weathered crude oil from the Gulf of Mexico in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)
Authors: Finch Bryson E , Wooten Kimberly J , Smith Philip N
Published: May 2011

Weathered crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico can result from oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon incident that occurred on April 20, 2010 or from natural seeps. Adult waterbirds of the Gulf Coast region may become exposed to weathered crude oil while foraging, wading, or resting, and residues can then be transferred to nests, eggs, and hatchlings. Although the toxicity of many types of crude oil to avian embryos has been thoroughly studied, the effects of weathered crude oil on developing avian embryos are not well characterized. The objective of the present study was to examine embryotoxicity of weathered crude oil collected from the Gulf of Mexico in June 2010 using mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) as a model species. Weathered crude oil was applied to fertilized mallard duck eggs by paintbrush in masses ranging from 0.1 to 99.9 mg on day 3 of incubation. Mortality occurred as early as day 7 and the conservatively derived median lethal application of weathered crude oil was 30.8 mg/egg (0.5 mg/g egg) or 30.7 µl/egg (0.5 µl/g egg). Body mass, liver and spleen mass, crown–rump and bill lengths, and frequency of deformities were not significantly different among hatchlings from oiled and control eggs. In comparison to published reports of fresh crude oil embryotoxicity, weathered crude oil was considerably less toxic. We conclude that avian toxicity varies according to the degree of crude oil weathering and the stage of embryonic development at the time of exposure. Results indicate bird eggs exposed to weathered crude oil from the Gulf of Mexico during summer 2010 may have had reduced hatching success. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1885–1891. © 2011 SETAC
Tracing the Proterozoic continental collision in NW India: a geophysical approach
Authors: Naganjaneyulu K. , Santosh M.
Published: May 2011

The 800 km‐long Aravalli–Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) in the Aravalli Mountains of Rajasthan defines the largest tectonic feature in the northwestern (NW) Indian shield, situated between the late Proterozoic Marwar Basin in the west and the Vindhyan Basin in the east. The final collision between the Aravalli and Delhi domains defining ocean closure and continental amalgamation is critical in understanding the culmination of the Proterozoic Wilson Cycle in NW India. We present for the first time a regional three‐dimensional (3‐D) gravity model to evaluate the architecture of the continental collision signature of this region. The deep seismic reflection data along a 400 km‐long profile across the ADFB highlights two sets of reflection bands with opposite dips. The prominent west‐dipping reflections observed in the central domain, towards the western margin of the Mangalwar Complex could be related to the Palaeoproterozoic subduction of an oceanic lithosphere, and suggest a clear northwestward subduction polarity. The data showing gravity highs, the high elevation features, and the models proposed in the present study, together with the presence of high‐density bodies in the deep crust, is interpreted as a signature of magmatic underplating and/or mafic‐ultramafic intrusives. The high elevations and corresponding high‐density anomalies at depth can also be explained by domal uplift, following the extrusion of metamorphic orogens into the mid crust, as well as the presence of eclogitized material at depth associated with the subduction–collision tectonics and continental amalgamation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why don't older adults with subjective memory complaints seek help?
Authors: Hurt Catherine S. , Burns Alistair , Brown Richard G. , Barrowclough Christine
Published: May 2011

Background

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are common among older adults, often causing significant distress and showing strong relationships to future cognitive decline. However, low rates of help‐seeking for memory complaints are well documented. Little is known about the reasons behind the decision to seek or not to seek help with memory problems. The common‐sense model of illness perception proposes that the beliefs people hold about their health underlie help‐seeking behaviour. The present study investigated factors underlying the decision to seek help in people with SMCs within the framework of the common‐sense model of illness perception.

Methods

Cognition, illness perceptions, coping styles, depression and anxiety were assessed in 98 adults with SMCs, aged 50 years and above, including 60 attending a memory clinic and 38 non‐help‐seekers.

Results

Objective cognitive performance did not differ between participants who had sought help and those who had not. Logistic regression revealed that illness perceptions including social comparison and causal attributions predict help‐seeking behaviour. More general coping style did not predict help‐seeking. Furthermore, participants who had sought help were more likely to have had a close relative with dementia.

Conclusions

The results suggest that beliefs about memory, rather than objective cognitive impairment, are associated with the decision to seek help for SMCs. The findings suggest that providing education regarding memory problems, in particular challenging causal attributions, may help to encourage help‐seeking in people with SMCs and improve care in the early stages of dementia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐stroke delirium in relation to dementia and long‐term mortality
Authors: Melkas Susanna , Laurila Jouko V. , Vataja Risto , Oksala Niku , Jokinen Hanna , Pohjasvaara Tarja , Leppävuori Antero , Kaste Markku , Karhunen Pekka J. , Erkinjuntti Timo
Published: May 2011

Background

Delirium is a frequent post‐stroke complication that compromises effective rehabilitation and has been associated with poor outcome. We aimed to investigate whether delirium is associated with increased risk of post‐stroke dementia and long‐term mortality once confounding is taken into account.

Methods

The study comprised 263 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients aged 55–85 years admitted to the emergency department of a university hospital. The cohort included three‐month survivors followed up for 10 years. The diagnosis of post‐stroke delirium during the first 7 days after stroke was based on the DSM‐IV criteria.

Findings

Of all the patients, 50 (19.0%) were diagnosed with delirium. Low education, pre‐stroke cognitive decline, and severe stroke indicated by a Modified Rankin score between 3 and 5 were risk factors for post‐stroke delirium, which was also associated with diagnosis of dementia at 3 months post‐stroke. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, delirium was associated with poor long‐term survival (6.1 versus 9.1 years). In the stepwise Cox regression proportional hazards analysis adjusted for demographic factors and risk factors, advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08) and stroke severity (HR 1.83), but not post‐stroke delirium, were associated with poor survival.

Interpretation

In our well‐defined cohort of post‐stroke patients, acute stage delirium was diagnosed in one in five patients and associated with dementia at 3 months. Advanced age and stroke severity were related to the higher long‐term mortality among patients with post‐stroke delirium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient one‐pot three‐component reaction for synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives in water media under catalyst‐free condition
Authors: Zhao Li‐Qin , Zhou Bo , Li Yi‐Qun
Published: May 2011

An efficient, clean, and environmentally benign synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives by one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and carbonyl compound in the absence of catalysis in water was described. A variety of spirooxindole derivatives were obtained with excellent yields within short reaction time. This novel protocol has the advantages of convenient operation, low cost, and environmental benign. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:673–677, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20723
THE DETERMINANTS OF CHINESE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURES: EVIDENCE FROM 2002–2006 DATA
Authors: Pan Jay , Liu Gordon G.
Published: May 2011

There is great divergence in provincial government health expenditures in China. Real per capita provincial government health expenditures (GHE) over the period 2002–2006 are examined using panel regression analysis. Key determinants of real per capita provincial GHE are real provincial per capita general budget revenue, real provincial per capita transfers from the central government, the proportion of provincial population under age 15, urban employee basic health insurance coverage, and proportion of urban population. Roughly equal and relatively low elasticities of budget revenue and transfers imply that the GHE is a necessity rather than a luxury good, and transfers have yet to become efficient instruments for the fair allocation of health resources by policy makers. Moreover, severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak has increased the GHE, but we find no statistical evidence that provincial GHE have fluctuated according to the public health status. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trichloroacetonitrile as a Source of Positive Chlorine Ion for Trapping Huisgen's Zwitterions
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nasiri‐Gheidari Samira
Published: May 2011

The zwitterionic 1 : 1 intermediates generated by addition of N‐heterocycles to activated acetylenes are trapped by trichloroacetonitrile to afford 1,2‐ or 1,4‐disubstituted N‐heterocycles in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions.
A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐4‐methylene‐1,3‐dithiolanes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Beheshti Saeideh
Published: May 2011

A one‐pot synthesis of 2‐imino‐4‐methylidene‐1,3‐dithiolanes via a three‐component reaction of propargyl bromide (=3‐bromoprop‐1‐yne), primary amines, and carbon disulfide (CS2) is described.
On the Reactions of Furan‐2,3‐diones with Oxindole (=1,3‐Dihydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐one) and Lawesson Reagent. Synthesis of New 1,3‐Dihydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐ones, Bis‐furanones, and Bis‐pyrrolones
Authors: Korkusuz Elif , Yıldırım İsmail
Published: May 2011

Lactone analogues of 3‐substituted oxindoles (=1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐ones) and nonbenzoid oxa‐analogous isoindigoid or nonbenzoid isoindigoid dyes were prepared by the reactions of furan‐2,3‐diones with oxindole and Lawesson reagent (Schemes 1 and 3), respectively. So, new derivatives of 2‐oxobutanoic acid, bis‐furanone, and bis‐pyrrolone, which are potentially biologically active compounds, were synthesized for the first time.
Novel Sesquiterpenes from the Mycelial Cultures of Dichomitus squalens
Authors: Xie Hai‐Hui , Xu Xin‐Ya , Dan Yang , Wei Xiao‐Yi
Published: May 2011

Four novel sesquiterpenes, 5‐hydroxydichomitol (1), dichomilludol (2), 3β,13‐dihydroxyledol (3), and 2β,3β,13‐trihydroxyledol (4), were isolated along with 2β,13‐dihydroxyledol (5) from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of the mycelial solid cultures of Dichomitus squalens. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The previously assigned structure of dichomitol was revised.
Three New Medicagenic Acid Saponins from Polygala micranthaGuill. & Perr.
Authors: Kuiate Tabopda Turibio , Mitaine‐Offer Anne‐Claire , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Tanaka Chiaki , Tchaleu Ngadjui Bonaventure , Mirjolet Jean‐François , Duchamp Olivier , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth
Published: May 2011

Three new medicagenic acid saponins, micranthosides A–C (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Polygala micrantha Guill. & Perr., along with six known presenegenin saponins. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry as 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylmedicagenic acid 28‐[O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl] ester (1), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylmedicagenic acid 28‐[O‐6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl] ester (2), and 3‐O‐{O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl}medicagenic acid 28‐{O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)]‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (3). Compounds 1–3 were evaluated against HCT 116 and HT‐29 human colon cancer cells, but they did not show any cytotoxicity.
Molybdenum‐ and Tungsten‐Based Coordination Polymers as Catalysts for an Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Hexahydro‐5‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylates and 1,4‐Dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Das Biswanath , Srilatha Malampati , Veeranjaneyulu Boyapati , Shashi Kanth Boddu
Published: May 2011

Hexahydro‐5‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylates and 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates were synthesized efficiently and rapidly (2 min) in the presence of molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐based coordination polymers [M(Bu3Sn)2O4)]n (M=Mo or W) as catalysts (Schemes 1 and 2; Tables 2 and 3). The products were formed at room temperature in excellent yields (90–98%). The catalysts worked under heterogeneous conditions and were recyclable. The earlier reports for the application of these polymers to conduct organic synthesis are limited. The present method explores a new and useful application of these catalysts.
A Novel BriggsRauscher Oscillation with a Macrocyclic Nickel(II) Complex as Catalyst and Pentane‐2,4‐dione as the Substrate
Authors: Hu Gang , Zhao Fu‐Sheng , Lu Ming‐Ying , Zhu Ling , Guo Mi‐Mi , Liu Hai‐Yan , Hu Lin
Published: May 2011

A new BriggsRauscher oscillating reaction with a tetraazamacrocyclic nickel(II) complex [NiL](ClO4)2 as catalyst and pentane‐2,4‐dione (pe) as the substrate is reported. The ligand L is 5,7,7,12,14,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradeca‐4,11‐diene. The experimental results indicate that iodine ion may be an important intermediate, and free radicals can be involved in the reaction. A tentative mechanism based on NoyesFurrow model (NF model) is proposed. Moreover, other factors, such as the variation of concentration of the components and temperature on the oscillator, are discussed.
Polyoxygenated Sterols from Freshwater Clam
Authors: Kong Zwe‐Ling , Chi Yu Siauo , Ai Dai Shu , Tu Cha‐Chung , Pan Min‐Hsiung , Liu Yeuk‐Chuen
Published: May 2011

Two new biologically active polyoxygenated sterols, 3,5,9‐trihydroxycholest‐7‐en‐6‐one (1) and cholest‐7‐ene‐3,6,9‐triol (3), together with one known sterone, topsentisterol D3 (2), were isolated from freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea Muller; an important cultured edible shellfish in Taiwan). The structure elucidation of sterols 1–3 were accomplished by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, HMQC, and HMBC, and MS analyses. The sterols 1–3 displayed cytotoxicities against the human hepatoma Hep G2 cells (IC50: 6.04±0.07, 40.78±4.28, and 10.57±0.51 μg/ml, resp.).
Synthesis and Characterization of Enantiomerically Pure cis‐ and trans‐3‐Fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐9‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐Oxides as Acetylcholine Mimetics and Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Lorenzetto Piergiorgio , Wächter Michael , Rüedi Peter
Published: May 2011

The title compounds, the P(3)‐axially and P(3)‐equatorially substituted cis‐ and trans‐configured 9‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐9‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐oxides (=9‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐9‐aza‐3‐phosphabicyclo[4.4.0]decane 3‐oxides=7‐benzyl‐2‐fluorohexahydro‐4H‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorino[4,5‐c]pyridine 2‐oxides) were prepared (ee >99%) and fully characterized (Schemes 2 and 4). The absolute configurations were deduced from that of their precursors, the enantiomerically pure ethyl 1‐benzyl‐3‐hydroxypiperidine‐4‐carboxylates and 1‐benzyl‐3‐hydroxypiperidine‐4‐methanols which were unambiguously assigned. Being configuratively fixed and conformationally constrained phosphorus analogues of acetylcholine, the title compounds represent acetylcholine mimetics and are suitable probes for the investigation of molecular interactions with acetylcholinesterase. As determined by kinetic methods, all of the compounds are moderate irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme.
Beyond topographic representation: Decoding visuospatial attention from local activity patterns in the human frontal cortex
Authors: Kalberlah Christian , Chen Yi , Heinzle Jakob , Haynes John‐Dylan
Published: May 2011

The ability to detect where a person is attending is fundamental for brain‐computer‐interfaces. We explore how the attentional focus can be decoded from brain signals noninvasively acquired with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Several cortical regions have previously been reported to have topographic maps reflecting the focus of visual attention. Interestingly, attentional maps were observed to be gradually less topographic when moving from early visual areas toward extra‐occipital areas. Recent studies suggested that this might indicate a shift from topographically represented local processing to a global processing dominated by laterality. However, it remains unclear, to which extent the topographical representation of a region characterizes its quality to encode visuospatial attention. Here we addressed this problem by applying multivoxel pattern analysis to fMRI signals. In combination with a cortical surface‐based mapping of spatial preference, our analysis revealed a broad cortical network that locally contains information about the locus of visual attention. The informative regions are not restricted to topographic areas, but even in frontal areas, where topographic organization is almost indiscernible, the attentional locus can be decoded from brain activity. Specifically, we find attentional information in the right middle frontal gyrus and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, in these two areas information is sufficient to distinguish attentional loci within the ipsi‐ as well as the contra‐lateral visual hemifields. The laterality dominance decreases when moving from occipital to frontal areas. Our results suggest that information about visuospatial attention is encoded beyond topographically organized regions by local patterns of brain activity. VVC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 201–210, 2011
AN EXAMINATION OF REVERSE LOGISTICS PRACTICES
Authors: Rogers Dale S. , Tibben‐Lembke Ronald
Published: May 2011

Managing reverse logistics is becoming an important element of supply chain management and, in some cases, a profit generating function. In this paper, reverse logistics activities and key reverse logistics management methodologies are discussed, as well as their benefits and the barriers to successful implementation. Economic and supply chain issues related to reverse logistics are examined, and a working definition of reverse logistics is developed.
AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT PROGRAMS: THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Sabath Robert E. , Autry Chad W. , Daugherty Patricia J.
Published: May 2011

Many firms have shifted to response‐based supply chain systems instead of traditional push systems. Research results are presented covering a specific type of response‐based system, Automatic Replenishment Programs (ARPs), in which inventory restocking is triggered by actual sales. The paper looks at the influence of organizational structure, i.e., centralization versus decentralization, on ARP performance and information systems capabilities. Results are mixed. Decentralized firms reported higher performance relating to specific ARP‐related goals. However, no differences were found at a more global level when ARP relationship performance and profitability were examined. Even fewer differences were found between centralized and decentralized firms with respect to their information systems capabilities.
DOCTORAL RESEARCH IN LOGISTICS AND LOGISTICS‐RELATED AREAS: 1992–1998
Authors: Stock James R.
Published: May 2011

A total of 317 logistics and logistics‐related dissertations were published in Dissertation Abstracts between 1992 and 1998. Observations about these dissertation abstracts are offered and comparisons made with earlier research studies that examined dissertations published between 1970–1986 and 1987–1991. The number of dissertations published has plateaued although the number of colleges and universities granting doctoral degrees in the area have broadened, with several “new players” entering the arena. Some traditional topics within logistics are being researched to a lesser degree, while others such as supply chain management, general logistics, customer service/satisfaction, international logistics, and human resources/organizational issues, are being examined more frequently.
THE EFFECTS OF CULTURE AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Authors: McAfee R. Bruce , Glassman Myron , Honeycutt Earl D.
Published: May 2011

Afirm's corporate culture and human resource management (HRM) policies have an important impact upon the success of that organization's supply chain management strategy. A model that examines the relationship between organizational culture, HRM policies, and the firm's transaction/relationship orientation toward its employees and the impact of these factors on its choice of supply chain partners is presented. The paper then discusses four different HRM/logistics strategies a firm can implement and examines the degree of cultural fit that is likely to develop in each of these four strategies. Finally, managers are provided with a list of questions that allow an assessment of the fit between the firm's human resource and logistics management strategies.
DRIVER RELATIONSHIPS WITH CUSTOMERS AND DRIVER TURNOVER: KEY MEDIATING VARIABLES AFFECTING DRIVER PERFORMANCE IN THE FIELD
Authors: Keller Scott B.
Published: May 2011

To reduce cost and improve service, logistics managers must give attention to the critical interaction between customers and the carriers who deliver products. This research tests the premise that internal marketing with truck drivers is associated with improved relationships with customers, retention of customer‐conscious drivers, and higher driver performance.
IT APPLICATIONS IN SUPPLY CHAIN ORGANIZATIONS: A LINK BETWEEN COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL BENEFITS
Authors: Sanders Nada R. , Premus Robert
Published: May 2011

Information technology (IT) is the backbone of supply chain management (SCM). However, selection of specific IT applications must be made in alignment with the organizations' competitive priorities. This article profiles differences between firms based on their level of IT usage focusing on organizational competitive priorities, choice of specific IT applications, and performance measures achieved.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR REVERSE LOGISTICS: THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIONSHIP COMMITMENT
Authors: Daugherty Patricia J. , Myers Matthew B. , Richey R. Glenn
Published: May 2011

The use of reverse logistics systems is becoming more common as firms realize the value that can be reclaimed from returned goods. This study investigates the influence of information systems (IS) support activity on reverse logistics performance, as well as the moderating effects of relationship commitment within reverse logistics arrangements. In a survey of CEOs of U.S. catalog sales electronics companies, information systems support is found to moderately affect two separate performance constructs related to reverse logistics programs. The research also indicates relationship commitment is critical to more fully realizing the value of IS support in reverse logistics arrangements.
THE ADOPTION OF FORM POSTPONEMENT STRATEGY IN A GLOBAL LOGISTICS SYSTEM: THE CASE OF TAIWANESE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
Authors: Chiou Jyh‐Shen , Wu Lei‐Yu , Hsu Jason C.
Published: May 2011

The concept of postponement is becoming more and more important as firms put more emphasis on customization along with attempting to control inventory risks and logistics costs. Types of form postponement are examined along with factors affecting the adoption of different form postponement strategies. Data from information technology (IT) firms in Taiwan, one of the largest IT product manufacturers in the world, are utilized in the research.
LOGISTICS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Carter Craig R. , Jennings Marianne M.
Published: May 2011

Research on the external issues that affect logistics management such as the environment, diversity, safety, philanthropy, and human rights has consisted, to date, of separate examination of these matters. This work‐to‐date has approached these topics as if each was a stand‐alone problem with differing drivers, constructs, and resolutions. However, if the research from the general corporate social responsibility literature as well as data from in‐depth interviews with logistics managers are examined, we find that these seemingly isolated topics have similar characteristics that logisticians can manage by using a much broader, organization‐wide approach to social responsibility. A framework of logistics social responsibility (LSR) is introduced with the goals of helping managers resolve social responsibility issues and providing a guide for future research efforts.
MEASURING AND MANAGING THE LEARNING REQUIREMENTS OF ROUTE REOPTIMIZATION ON DELIVERY VEHICLE DRIVERS
Authors: Haughton Michael A.
Published: May 2011

Outbound logistical systems that are designed with the flexibility to perform daily reoptimization of delivery routes are often touted as the systems of choice in dealing with randomly fluctuating (stochastic) customer demands. However, a potential drawback with such systems is that the day‐to‐day changes in the delivery routes force each driver to traverse routes that extend beyond the region required if customer demands remained stable. That is, the efficient completion of deliveries under route reoptimization imposes an additional requirement on drivers to learn these routes. Quantification and analysis of this additional learning requirement, along with some of the associated human resource management implications, comprise the paper's primary focus. A key contribution of the research is that the analysis accounts for the cost‐effectiveness of a vehicle routing tactic that might be used to reduce the learning burden.
A SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI‐ITEM SCALES USED IN LOGISTICS RESEARCH
Authors: Keller Scott B. , Savitskie Katrina , Stank Theodore P. , Lynch Daniel F. , Ellinger Alexander E.
Published: May 2011

Academic disciplines are strengthened through many years of theoretical research leading to significant knowledge advancements in the field. One primary technique for measuring concepts important for theory development is the use of multi‐item scales. This research documents the multi‐item scales utilized throughout the history of leading logistics journals. The test results for validity and reliability with respect to each scale are disclosed. Results indicate a need for logistics researchers to continue developing new measures and refining existing measures by employing rigorous methods to establish scales having highly acceptable psychometric properties.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF PLANT LOCATION FACTORS: A CROSS NATIONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGAPORE AND MALAYSIA
Authors: Bhatnagar Rohit , Jayaram Jayanth , Phua Yue Cheng
Published: May 2011

The strategic implications of plant location in the global context of supply chain management have received limited attention in the literature. Both quantitative factors (transport costs, exchange rates, labor rates, and taxes) and qualitative factors (infrastructure, availability of skilled labor) have been identified as being important in making plant location decisions. Few studies have offered prescriptive models that isolate the relative influence of strategic factors in locating in one country as opposed to another. In this paper, logistic regression analysis is used to predict which strategic location factors are significant for firms locating in Singapore in comparison to firms that locate in Malaysia.
EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUESTIONABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES AND THE STRENGTH OF SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Moberg Christopher R. , Speh Thomas W.
Published: May 2011

While strong relationships are consistently identified as a critical component of successful supply chain collaboration, many firms still engage in questionable business practices that threaten the trust and commitment that exists among trading partners. Survey results from logistics managers at manufacturing firms found that low to moderate levels of questionable business practices occur in relationships with customers and that the occurrence of these practices are related to lower reported levels of trust and commitment between trading partners. The results suggest that reducing questionable behaviors will increase trust and commitment, which should lead to stronger relationships and increased supply chain performance.
OPTIMIZATION‐BASED PROCUREMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
Authors: Caplice Chris , Sheffi Yossi
Published: May 2011

This paper presents the concept of optimization‐based procurement for transportation services. The approach allows both the shipper and carriers to benefit through the use of a collaborative approach to securing and managing a strategic relationship. Because the shipper's assignment problem involves a combinatorial number of choices and cannot be easily executed manually, the procurement process benefits strongly from the use of optimization. The authors introduce the optimization‐based procurement process, briefly analyze the theoretical issues, and discuss lessons learned from its application in practice over the last several years.
THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN INTERORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Kent John L. , Mentzer John T.
Published: May 2011

The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of investment in information technology in a supply chain. The results of that investigation are presented by focusing on an empirically tested supply chain relationship model containing both behavioral and operational constructs. The four behavioral constructs represented in the model are relationship trust, relationship commitment, relationship dependence, and long‐term relationship orientation. The four operational constructs represented in the model are retailer investment in interorganizational information technology, perceived supplier investment in interorganizational information technology, logistics efficiency, and logistics effectiveness. Among other findings, the results of the investigation found that perceived supplier investment in interorganizational information technology has a significant and positive effect on logistics efficiency.
GLOBAL PROCESS STANDARDIZATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Manrodt Karl B. , Vitasek Kate
Published: May 2011

Meeting the needs of customers has always been a challenge. It is even more so for suppliers who serve customers across the world, and where the customer expects standardized processes ‐ regardless of the country. While it is challenging to standardize critical processes in a domestic market, it is more challenging in the global, or transnational, market. This paper uses a case study to share how one organization was able to standardize their processes across the globe. Benefits derived from this effort are also provided. A framework for determining how key transnational processes can be managed and standardized is also presented.
LOGISTICS SALIENCE IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Zacharia Zach G. , Mentzer John T.
Published: May 2011

The primary purpose of this paper was to empirically explore some of the reasons that logistics has become more important, or salient, in comparison to other functions within the firm. A survey of 296 managers across multiple industries in the U.S. found logistics becomes more important within the firm when the industry increases in uncertainty, when there is an emphasis on time‐based competition, when there is greater adoption of information technology, and when there is an emphasis on cross‐functional integration.
LINKING STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, PROCESS, AND PERFORMANCE IN INTEGRATED LOGISTICS
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre M. , Stank Theodore P. , Lynch Daniel F.
Published: May 2011

The current research was undertaken to present and test a framework of supply chain logistics integration that synthesizes current logistics thought with an established theory of organizational design. The framework portrays performance as an outcome of appropriate alignment between strategy, structure, and processes. The results support the contention that a firm that pursues a relational strategy, develops information and measurement structures to support relational processes, and then uses these tools to implement and execute integrated operations will experience high levels of logistical performance. In addition, the results indicate that superior logistics performance is related to simultaneous integration of internal and external operational processes.