bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility-induced internal gradients reveal axon morphology and cause anisotropic effects in the diffusion-weighted MRI signal
Authors: Winther S. , Lundell H. , Rafael-Patiño J. , Andersson M. , Thiran J.-P. , Dyrby T. B.
Published: November 2024

Diffusion-weighted MRI is our most promising method for estimating microscopic tissue morphology in vivo. The signal acquisition is based on scanner-generated external magnetic gradients. However, it will also be affected by susceptibility-induced internal magnetic gradients caused by interactions between the tissue and the static magnetic field of the scanner. With 3D in silico experiments, we show how internal gradients cause morphology-, compartment-, and orientation-dependence of spin-echo and pulsed-gradient spin-echo experiments in myelinated axons. These effects surpass those observed with previous 2D modelling corresponding to straight cylinders. For an ex vivo monkey brain, we observe the orientation-dependence generated only when including non-circular cross-sections in the in silico morphological configurations, and find orientation-dependent deviation of up to 17% for diffusion tensor metrics. Interestingly, we find that the orientation-dependence not only biases the signal across different brain regions, but also carries a sensitivity to the morphology of axonal cross-sections which is not attainable by the idealised theoretical diffusion-weighted MRI signal.
Correction: Evaluation of a ZnO–NiO/rGO hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications
Authors: Nagarani S. , Chang Jih-Hsing , Yuvaraj M. , Mohanraj K. , Dipsikha G. , Balachandran S.
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Evaluation of a ZnO–NiO/rGO hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications’ by S. Nagarani et al., New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 10910–10924, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nj05305a.
The effect of dynamic temperatures on pebble dynamics and planet formation
Authors: Castrejon Areli , Min Michiel , Kamp Inga , Jørgensen Uffe Gråe
Published: November 2024

Context. To date, more than 5000 exoplanets have been discovered. The large majority of these planets have a mass between 1 and 17 M⊕, making them so-called super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The exact formation process for this abundant planet population has not yet been fully constrained.

Aims. Recent studies on the formation of these planets make various assumptions with regard to the disk. The primary mass budget, held in pebbles, is either assumed to have a constant size or is parametrized as a flux. Simplifications of the temperature structure, in the form of a static power law, do not consider the temperature evolution and high magnitudes of heating in the inner part of the disk. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect these simplifications of temperature and pebble sizes have on the pebble densities and resulting planet populations.

Methods. To constrain the timescales needed to form super-Earths, we developed a model for exploring a large parameter space. We included the effect of two different temperature prescriptions on a viscously accreting and spreading disk. We formed a pebble reservoir utilizing a simplified conversion timescale with a time- and radially dependent Stokes number for the dust. We then tracked the temporal evolution of the surface densities of gas, dust, and pebbles. Pebbles were allowed to drift and be accreted onto a growing protoplanet. As a planet grows, it exerts a torque on the disk, carving out a gap and affecting the pebble drift, before halting the growth of the planet.

Results. We find that viscous heating has a significant effect on the resulting mass populations, with the static power law showing smaller planets within 10 AU. Inside the dust-sublimation line, usually within 0.5 AU, planet formation is reduced due to the loss of planet-forming material. Our model replicates observed planet masses between Earth and mini-Neptune sizes at all radial locations, with the most massive planets growing in the intermediate turbulence of α = 10−3.

Conclusions. We conclude that a self-consistent treatment of temperature, with the inclusion of a dust-sublimation line, is important and could explain the high occurrence of super-Earths at short orbital separations.
A new sample of super-slowly rotating Ap (ssrAp) stars from the Zwicky Transient Facility survey
Authors: Hümmerich S. , Bernhard K. , Paunzen E.
Published: November 2024

Context. The magnetic chemically peculiar Ap stars exhibit an extreme spread of rotational velocities, the cause of which is not clearly understood. Ap stars with rotation periods of 50 days or longer are know as super-slowly rotating Ap (ssrAp) stars. Photometrically variable Ap stars are commonly termed α2 Canum Venaticorum (ACV) variables.

Aims. Our study aims to enlarge the sample of known ssrAp stars using data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey to enable more robust and significant statistical studies of these objects.

Methods. Using selection criteria based on the known characteristics of ACV variables, candidate stars were gleaned from the ZTF catalogues of periodic and suspected variable stars and from ZTF raw data. ssrAp stars were identified from this list via their characteristic photometric properties, Δa photometry, and spectral classification.

Results. The final sample consists of 70 new ssrAp stars, which mostly exhibit rotation periods of between 50 and 200 days. The object with the longest period has a rotation period of 2551.7 days. We present astrophysical parameters and a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for the complete sample of known ssrAp stars. With very few exceptions, the ssrAp stars are grouped in the middle of the main sequence with ages in excess of 150 Myr. ZTF J021309.72+582827.7 was identified as a possible binary star harbouring an Ap star and a cool component, possibly shrouded in dust.

Conclusions. With our study, we enlarge the sample of known ssrAp stars by about 150%, paving the way for more in-depth statistical studies.
The massive galaxy cluster CL0238.3+2005 (the Peanut cluster) at z = 0.42: A merger just after pericenter passage?
Authors: Lyskova N. , Churazov E. , Khabibullin I. , Bikmaev I. F. , Burenin R. A. , Forman W. R. , Khamitov I. M. , Rajpurohit K. , Sunyaev R. , Jones C. , Kraft R. , Zaznobin I. , Gorbachev M. A. , Suslikov M. V. , Gumerov R. I. , Sakhibullin N. A.
Published: November 2024

Massive clusters of galaxies are very rare in the observable Universe. Mergers of such clusters observed close to pericenter passage are even rarer. Here, we report on one such case: The massive (∼1015 M⊙) and hot (kT ∼ 10 keV) cluster CL0238.3+2005 at z = 0.42. For this cluster, we combined X-ray data from SRG/eROSITA and Chandra, optical images from DESI, and spectroscopy from the BTA and RTT-150 telescopes. The X-ray and optical morphologies suggest an ongoing merger with a projected separation of the subhalos of ∼200 kpc. The line-of-sight velocity of galaxies that are tentatively associated with the two merging halos differs by 2000–3000 km s−1. We conclude that the merger axis is most likely neither close to the line of sight nor to the sky plane. We compare CL0238 with the two well-known clusters MACS0416 and the Bullet and conclude that CL0238 corresponds to an intermediate phase between the pre-merging MACS0416 cluster and the post-merger Bullet cluster. Namely, this cluster recently (only ≲0.1 Gyr ago) experienced an almost head-on merger. We argue that this “just after” system is a very rare case and an excellent target for lensing, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, and X-ray studies that can constrain properties ranging from dynamics of mergers to self-interacting dark matter, and plasma effects in the intracluster medium that are associated with shock waves, for instance, electron-ion equilibration efficiency and relativistic particle acceleration.
High-resolution observational analysis of flare ribbon fine structures
Authors: Thoen Faber Jonas , Joshi Reetika , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Wedemeyer Sven , Fletcher Lyndsay , Aulanier Guillaume , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel
Published: November 2024

Context. Since the mechanism of energy release from solar flares is still not fully understood, the study of fine-scale features developing during flares becomes important for progressing towards a consistent picture of the essential physical mechanisms.

Aims. Solar flares release most of their luminous energy in the chromosphere. These luminous signatures, known as flare ribbons, act as the footpoints of the released energy and are crucial for the interpretation of reconnection processes causing these events. We aim to probe the fine structures in flare ribbons at the chromospheric level using high-resolution observations with imaging and spectral techniques.

Methods. We present a GOES C2.4 class solar flare (SOL2022-06-26T08:12) observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). Utilising imaging data from SST, IRIS, and AIA, we detail both the global and fine-structure evolution of the flare. The high-resolution SST observations offer spectroscopic data in the Hα, Ca II 8542 Å, and Hβ lines, which we use to analyse the flare ribbon.

Results. The flare was associated with a filament eruption. Fibrils and coronal loops were connected from a negative polarity region to two positive polarity regions. Within the eastern flare ribbon, chromospheric bright blobs were detected and analysed in Ca II 8542 Å, Hα, and Hβ wavelengths. A comparison of blobs in Hβ observations and Si IV 1400 Å has also been performed. These blobs are observed as almost circular structures having widths from 140 km–200 km. The intensity profiles of the blobs show a red wing asymmetry.

Conclusions. From the high spatial and temporal resolution Hβ observations, we conclude that the periodicity of the blobs in the flare ribbon, which are near-equally spaced in the range 330–550 km, is likely due to fragmented reconnection processes within a flare current sheet. This supports the theory of a direct link between fine-structure flare ribbons and current sheet tearing. We believe our observations represent the highest resolution evidence of fine-structure flare ribbons to date.
The response on soil temperature of vegetation in reforestation of abadoned lands
Authors: Bogdan Ekaterina , Belan Larisa , Vildanov Ildar , Sayfullin Irik , Tuktarova Iren , Bakhtiyarova Roza , Nagaev Eduard , Gladkikh Sergey , Suleymanov Azamat
Published: November 2024

The study was conducted on the territory of the "Nasibash" site of the Eurasian carbon polygon, where 9 vegetation communities were identified. The approach to estimation and construction of soil temperature distribution maps using Landsat 8-9 space images is presented. Evaluation of vegetation response to soil temperatures was carried out using vegetation indices: NDVI, GNDVI, EVI, CVI. The use of statistics of the obtained rasters made it possible to reveal the dependence of the values of vegetation indices on soil temperature. GNDVI demonstrated the greatest relationship: r = 0.82, R2 = 0.65. Further, the effect of soil temperature on individual plant communities was evaluated. Plots with 4 (r=0.74, R2 = 0.55) and 3 stages (r=0.47, R2 = 0.23) of pine (Pinus sylvesrtis L.) overgrowth and hayfield (r=, 0.54, R2 = 0.29) showed the highest correlations.
On the issue of reforestation methods (using a substrate for planting seedlings)
Authors: Prokhorova Nadezhda
Published: November 2024

The problem of forest conservation is currently the most acute. In the current extreme conditions due to global climate change, reforestation and protection of forest resources require special attention, as well as new methods and approaches to solving emerging problems in this direction. Wildfires destroy huge forests, this is a step towards an environmental disaster, since the functions of the forest are not only an "oxygen production factory", but also the protection and protection of water resources and soil. In this regard, great attention is paid to afforestation, various methods of growing tree species are proposed and used. Foresters are studying new progressive technologies of reforestation, using various substrates that contribute to the production of high-quality tree plantations. The article presents an analysis of data obtained during research on the cultivation of pine seedlings (Latin) using a substrate based on waste from the woodworking industry. The research was carried out as part of the research work of students and postgraduates of the Forestry Engineering University. The research results allow us to conclude that it is advisable to use a substrate, which will allow not only to preserve living green spaces, but also to effectively use waste from the woodworking industry.
Forest reclamation complexes in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia
Authors: Mikhin Vyacheslav , Mikhin Elena , Mikhin Victoria
Published: November 2024

Forest reclamation complexes in the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia form a special microclimate in the forest-agrarian landscapes of the Central Russian Upland and the Oka-Don Plain, occupying an area of about 600 thousand hectares. The growth of the main forest-forming species (drooping birch, balsam poplar, common oak, green ash, common elm) is predetermined by zonal soil conditions and a set of cultivation techniques. The average growth in height of fast-growing species in the middle-aged period on chernozems is 0.63-0.79 m/year. To form their effective structures, the placement of planting sites should be taken with an initial density of 2666-3334 pcs/ha. Linear protective plantings in agricultural territories during the growing season contribute to an increase in the relative and absolute humidity of the ground air layer by 0.9 - 4.7% and reduce the temperature by 0.4 - 1.6 °C. Such differences are especially pronounced during the daytime. The forest cover of arable land by 3.25% with protective plantings is the optimal indicator for the formation of forest reclamation systems. In the near-strip zones of forest belts, as a result of melioration changes, an increase in the biological yield of grain crops by 8.1-19.5% is noted, which is important when using ecological-landscape farming in a changing climate.
Productivity of artificial forest plantations in the northwestern Caucasus
Authors: Yakovenko Nataliya , Shtepa Ekaterina , Kartashova Nelli , Kruzhilin Sergey , Irkovsky Eduard , Kulakov Vladimir , Ovchinnikova Victoria
Published: November 2024

Intensive exploitation of forest resources in the last 40-50 years, the use of various deforestation methods and reforestation technologies in oak, beech and fir plantations necessitate a scientific generalization of the achieved results of forestry production and the development of proposals for optimizing forestry management, taking into account the exceptional ecological significance of the forests in the region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the productivity of artificial forest plantations with a predominance of oak and its related species growing in the northwestern Caucasus. The object of the research was artificial forest plantations growing on the territory of Maikop forestry, Seed plantation forestry, and Kurdzhipsky district forestry. The study is based on the method of trial plots. Processing of field materials was carried out by methods generally accepted in forestry and taxation. Artificial plantations of Maykop forestry are characterized by high productivity. At the age of 70 years the maximum value of the stock is 534.448 m3/ha with a density of 0.7. At the same time, the stock of plantations is 60.616 - 534.448 m3/ha. A silvicultural assessment is given of the expediency of preserving undergrowth and creating forest plantations, depending on the group of forest types. The probability of undesirable change of tree species on cuttings is analyzed. When creating new artificial plantations, pedunculate oak, Hartwiss oak, red oak, Caucasian hornbeam, oriental beech, and Scots pine should be used as the main species. We recommend using red oak on soils poorer in mineral nutrition, as it is less demanding soil fertility and is able to grow even on acidic soils.
Content of chemical elements in Pinus sylvestris pine needles
Authors: Potashkina Yustina
Published: November 2024

Plant organisms absorb heavy metals and pollutants from the atmosphere and are actively used in phytoremediation methods, being in fact a “filter” of ecosystems. Coniferous pine needles are one of the most frequently used objects of monitoring studies, which is due to a wide ecological amplitude and increased sensitivity to anthropogenic changes in the process of ontogenesis. The aim of the study is the ecological assessment of the content and peculiarities of accumulation of chemical elements in the conifers of the undergrowth of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) of different age classes. X-ray fluorescence analysis (Portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer SciAps X-Series X-200, USA) was used to determine the elemental composition of plant samples. The concentration of chemical elements belonging to different classes was determined: vital, conditionally necessary, toxic. The average content of elements is as follows: for 1 year old conifers: K > Ca > Fe > S > P > Mn > Ba > Ti > Zn > Sr > Cr > Cr > Rb > Cu > Ni > Mo > Pb > Zr > V > As > Y. By the conifer of subsequent years of life Ca > K > Fe > S > P > Ba > Mn > Ti > Sr > Sr > Zn > Cr > Cr > Rb > Ni > Cu > Mo > Pb > Zr > V > As > Y.
Photosynthetic pigments activity in plants leaves under the conditions of weather anomalies
Authors: Pokhodnya Elizaveta I.
Published: November 2024

The global climate change growing rate causes an increase in the frequency of weather anomalies, expressed in seasonally atypical temperature rises in various regions. Meteorological anomalies affect all components of living ecosystems, in particular  plant communities, and often have a negative impact, resulting in suppression of its components physiological functions, including photosynthetic activity of plants. In 2021, 2022 and 2024, summer weather anomalies were recorded in St. Petersburg at different pheno-phases of vegetation. In all three cases, the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls A and B, carotenoids) in leaves of higher plants was measured under conditions of exposure to the stress caused by seasonally atypical for the region weather conditions, as well as after the end of this factor impact in order to consider the plants capacity to restore photosynthetic pigments levels. It was shown that weather anomalies occurring in the earlier vegetation stages, when most plants of the studied region have not yet reached their maximum resistance to external stress, cause the most significant changes in their physiological state, which is slowly and not fully recovered after weather conditions normalization, while in the later pheno-phases chlorophylls levels were preserved to a greater extent.
Subori pine cenoses herbaceous ground cover biodiversity of the Voronezh Region
Authors: Popova Valentina , Popova Anna , Tseplyaev Aleksey
Published: November 2024

An assessment of the biodiversity and abundance of the herbaceous ground cover of the subori pine cenoses in the Voronezh Region was carried out in the long term (1990 to 2023) under the influence of the factor of reducing forest areas and identifying the most resistant species. Over the observation period from 1990 to 2020, the species composition of the vegetation cover of the subori changed insignificantly. By 2020, plants of the Red Book of the Voronezh Region, wintergreen, feather grass, as well as subori plants (sweet grass, round-leaved bellflower, nettle-leaved bellflower), had disappeared. The species composition of subori was replenished with meadow and ruderal plants, as well as dry pine forest plants, the abundance of individual species of cereals or liliaceae increased, the abundance of labiates, legumes and polypods decreased. Based on the ecological-cenotic analysis and the abundance of species, 26 species (out of 54) were identified that belong to mesophytes and xerophytes.
Justification of the choice of gluing mode for plywood from hardwoods
Authors: Ischenko Tatyana , Efimova Tatyana , Grachev Dmitry
Published: November 2024

Plywood is a wood-based board material made of thin sheets of veneer. Plywood is the most demanded material in construction and industry not only in Russia, but also abroad. The sphere of its application is diverse: furniture, interior and decorative items, construction, packaging, beekeeping, aircraft and machine building, shipbuilding, arms industry, rocket building, manufacture of musical instruments, advertising industry. All researches conducted to date, both world and Russian scientists are aimed at finding ways to improve the strength characteristics of plywood, to develop a popular range to meet the needs of modern society. The purpose of the present work is to substantiate the choice of gluing mode of hardwood plywood, to study the specifics of the processes occurring during the pressing of plywood, to substantiate them from the theoretical and practical point of view. The application of the method of forming the package with the displacement of the middle layer by 450 will allow to achieve an increase in the shear strength of the glue layer by 46% for birch plywood, by 17% for aspen plywood and by 44% for beech plywood. In case of production applications, it is recommended to form such sheets from lump veneer. The recommended modes of pressing of hardwood plywood will provide the value of the shear strength on the glue layer, corresponding to GOST 3916.1- 2018 [22]. At the same time, the use of increased pressure is justified only in the production of plywood from aspen veneer; for other species, changing the value of pressing and pressing pressure is not reasonable.
The influence of the nature of raw materials on the biochars’ characteristics
Authors: Khodosova Nataliya , Tominа Еlena , Manukovskaya Varvara , Baranova Polina
Published: November 2024

A significant increase in the amount of sewage sludge from treatment plants contributes to the development of new methods for waste treatment and disposal. The paper demonstrates the possibility of obtaining and further using biochar based on sewage sludge. The physicochemical characteristics and sorption capacity of the obtained material are determined. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of biochars based on wastewater sludge and those obtained by carbonization of birch wood sawdust is carried out. The carbonization conditions for biochars are the same. It is established that biochars obtained from various wastes (birch sawdust and wastewater sludge) exhibit comparable sorption capacities with respect to the organic dye methylene blue. Carrying out preliminary chemical modification with a KOH solution contributes to an increase in sorption by 1.1 – 1.4 times.
Maximum entropy production principle in forest dynamics modelling
Authors: Lisitsyn Viktor , Matveev Nikolai , Kamalova Nina , Evsikova Natalya
Published: November 2024

Forest ecosystems are vivid representatives of open non-equilibrium systems. The existence of extreme principles in “ecological thermodynamics” is a subject of discussion in the works of many physicists, ecologists and researchers dealing with non-equilibrium thermodynamics. At the same time, the problem of the connection between the principles of maximum and minimum entropy production has been studied in detail enough in the works of L. M. Martyushev et al. However, for forest ecosystems, the works that point out the connection of these fundamental principles are clearly insufficient. Usually, these principles are opposed to each other. In the proposed work, within the framework of a unified approach, the dependencies of the entropy production density and the entropy density have modeled using the example of a pine (Pínus sylvestris) stand of the 1-grade forest site capacity. It has shown that entropy production and entropy production density take both maximum and minimum values in the process of ecosystem evolution.
The use of artificial intelligence in engineering tools
Authors: Aygumov Timur , Abdulkadyrov Umalt , Abdulmukminova Fatima
Published: November 2024

The following work aims to illustrate that the artificial intelligence has penetrated not only into major fields like manufacture, agriculture, entertainment, but also well coexist with the engineering software. Engineering fields are no exception when integrating the technology into its processes. The embedment of artificial intelligence in the processes allows increase in productivity and possibilities for innovative approaches and for new breakthroughs. This work will look into the artificial intelligence and its use in engineering fields. Focusing the view on the implementation of the technology in the analytical tools. The latest increase of the capabilities of such software is directly related to the improvement in the field of algorithm. Henceforth, this work will dive into the new features and capabilities this technology presents. The work will cover the areas in engineering tools which are enhanced with artificial intelligence. The following areas will be covered: generative design, multi-objective optimisation and personalisation of the using tool to meet the consumers’ needs in the most responsible ways.
The method of calculating the parameters of the materials delivery mechanism of the technological materials distributor
Authors: Turdibekov Saloxiddin , Xamraqulov Rasuljon , Negmatov Navruz , Raximbayev Zaxidjan
Published: November 2024

In this article, road services use technological materials (sand- salt mixture) to remove snow, ice and ice from roads in the winter season. allows to reduce losses. The structural characteristics of technological material distributors are greatly influenced by working conditions and physical-mechanical properties of snow cover or ice. The technological material delivered to the spreading disc in a certain ratio (portion) should be connected with the speed of the machine, so the relationship between the speed parameters of the machine and the speed of the delivery mechanism was studied. A method has been developed to select the parameters of the spreading disc, which includes the change of the design parameters: disc diameter, disc height, disc angular velocity. When changing each parameter of the spreading disk, relationships were found that affect the range of the particle’s flight distance.
Investigation into software frameworks for unmanned off-highway truck modules
Authors: Syrkin Ilya , Sadovets Vladimir , Korshunova Elizaveta , Isomadinov Azizkhon , Dubinkin Semyon
Published: November 2024

The paper shows the possibility of creating and programming the basic modules of a software framework based on the modular principle of operation, which should represent an architectural system for organising the automated control of a dump truck. The design process of the localisation module in the context of unmanned vehicles, focusing on the Autoware software framework, is described. Two architectural approaches, “required” and “recommended”, are derived from the design of the module and their comparative analysis is performed. Furthermore, the process of designing the “Planning” module in the Autoware unmanned vehicle creation software tool is presented. The main aspects of this module development are considered, including architectural features and integration with other components of the automated control system.
Comparison of numerical results of RSM turbulence models for the problem of asymmetrical plane diffuser
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Usmonov Mavlonbek , Tillaboyeva Farangiz , Mamatov Akmaljon , Otakulov Bakhromjon , Ro’zaliyev Sherzodjon , Mamatova Zilolaxon
Published: November 2024

Fundamental processes of turbulent flow separation have long presented a significant challenge for developers of numerical turbulence models. The main difficulty lies in reproducing these processes with a high degree of accuracy, which is largely due to the limited availability of experimental data necessary for model verification. The lack of an extensive experimental database hinders the verification and optimization of computational models of turbulent flow. Studies of the behavior of turbulent flow in an asymmetric flat diffuser were carried out by several independent researchers, among whom we can note the works of Obi et al., as well as Buis. In particular, the experimental data obtained by Buis are widely used as a standard for comparison with the results of numerical simulations. These data allow us to evaluate the accuracy of various turbulence models in describing complex processes of flow separation and recovery. Currently, several types of models based on the second-order closure equations (RSM) have been developed: RSM S-omega, RSM BLS and RSM Linear L-S. Each of these models has its own characteristics, which allows us to evaluate their efficiency under various flow conditions. This paper examines the ability of RSM models to accurately determine key turbulent flow characteristics such as flow detachment and reattachment locations. Accurately identifying these zones is critical to modeling turbulent flow in a flat asymmetric diffuser, as it affects pressure, flow velocity, and flow stability.
Intensification of mixing and heat exchange in polymerizes
Authors: Tursunova Dilshoda , Mamatkulova Sadoqat , Sarikulov Madraim , Abdisattorov Davron , Atakhanova Dilrabo , Kurbanbayeva Sanobar , Otakuziyeva Vazira , Rifky Mohamed
Published: November 2024

In this article, polymerization processes are carried out under various physicochemical conditions. The reaction medium can be a solution of the polymer in a monomer or solvent with a viscosity from 10-3 to 102 -103 Pa, a suspension of solid polymer particles in a hydrocarbon diluent or water with a polymer concentration from 10 to 60%, aqueous dispersions, gas systems solid. Thermodynamic conditions and kinetic characteristics can also vary within wide limits: temperature from 70 to 300 °C, and contact time from tens of seconds to several hours. Polymerization processes typically involve significant heat release (60-100 kJ/mol). In a number of cases, directly or indirectly, temperature and hydrodynamic (shear) conditions affect the molecular weight distribution or dispersed composition of polymer particles and, thus, determine the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer. Naturally, the implementation of the necessary temperature, concentration, and hydrodynamic conditions depends on the design and type of reactor.
Example of selecting an optimal finite element mesh for calculating machinebuilding structures
Authors: Nezhmetdinov Ramil , Nezhmetdinova Ramilya , Bautdinov Dаmir , Bogdanov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

When solving various problems in the field of mechanical engineering, an engineer has to face problems that cannot be solved by exact methods due to significant mathematical difficulties. Equations or systems of equations, as a rule differential equation, which describe the problem have no exact solution. When solving such problems in deformable solid mechanics, approximate methods of calculation are widely used, one of which is the finite element method (FEM). When solving the same problem of deformable solid mechanics by the finite element method (FEM), using different finite element meshes (FEM) and types of finite elements, the solution results may differ sharply from each other, and in some cases these differences may reach 50%. The question arises - what finite element size should be adopted for further investigations so that the calculation results correspond to reality? The answer to this question is given by the solution of a test verification problem, the results of which should be used to select the dimensions and determine the type of finite element suitable for further calculation.
Methods of manufacturing long-length power structures made of polymer composite materials
Authors: Reznichenko Vyacheslav , Shengler Vladislav , Danilov Alexander , Chulenyov Anatoly , Kuzmin Konstantin
Published: November 2024

This article compares technologies for manufacturing in the designs of modern structures from PCM and their impact on the structure of the finished product. Various methods are known for manufacturing parts and assemblies from PCM: contact, vacuum, autoclave, winding, press chamber, thermocompression, pressure impregnation, infusion, pultrusion, etc. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each method allows the designer and technologist to choose the optimal methods for molding products from PCM, which is an urgent task at the present time, when PCM is increasingly used in the designs of modern structures.
Pilot project of the forest information system in the Arkhangelsk region (Russia)
Authors: Muraev Igor , Sushko Olga
Published: November 2024

The article emphasizes the relevance of the research topic related to the digitalization of the forestry complex, the new stage of which was the development and implementation of FGIS LC. The object of the study is the process of implementation of FGIS LK in the Arkhangelsk region. The purpose of the study is to conduct an in-depth analysis and study of the results of the implementation of FSIS LC in the Arkhangelsk region as a pilot project. During the work, analytical materials, reports of specialized institutions and scientific articles on this topic were studied. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods included observation, interviews, professional assessments, and testing. Quantitative methods such as questionnaires and monitoring were used in combination with these. To analyse various sources of information, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, as well as an empirical approach were used. The results of the study include an analysis of foreign information systems and services for forest accounting, timber harvesting, as well as an assessment of the architecture, structure and functionality of FGIS LC, as well as an analysis of the implementation process of FGIS LC in the Arkhangelsk region. Expert discussions with professionals on the implementation of FSIS LC in the Arkhangelsk region made it possible to identify a number of main errors and ways to solve them. Testing the functionality of FGIS LC in the Arkhangelsk region is focused on solving key issues that require refinement and improvement of the system. An analysis of the experience of implementing FGIS LC in the Arkhangelsk region revealed the best practices and difficulties of working with this system. Such analysis is necessary, as it helps to optimize processes in the activities of enterprises and government agencies.
Baseline carbon sequestration of forest restoration on burned areas using CO2FIX model
Authors: Sheshnitsan Sergey , Nikitenko Victoria
Published: November 2024

Successful restoration of forests after disturbances is important for the global carbon cycle. In this study, the CO2FIX V3.2 model was used for predictive estimates of carbon sequestration. The results show that both pine plantations and mixed pine-birch forests accumulate similar amounts of carbon in biomass and soil. Mixed stands of pine and birch show slightly higher levels of total carbon sequestration compared to conifer monocultures. Comparatively low levels of carbon sequestration from conventional reforestation practices and the vulnerability of artificial forest plantations to climate change provides the basis for successful implementation of forest carbon projects in the forest steppe region of Oka-Don plain.
Features of radio communication organization in lugging areas
Authors: Zhaivoronok Denis , Novikov Aleksey , Terehina Irina , Shakina Fatma
Published: November 2024

Abstract: in order to ensure stable communication between subscribers at a considerable distance in the process of logging in hard-to-reach areas with complex terrain, at logging enterprises, between the dispatcher and structural units, as well as the organization of communication in significant areas of deforestation, the most modern and rational methods and technologies for transmitting information via radio channels are proposed. In addition, to improve the efficiency of wireless radio communication, configuration and maintenance of telecommunications and radio equipment of forestry organizations, Software complexes “Zone - Mobile radio communication” and “Territory” are proposed, designed for frequency-territorial planning of mobile and technological radio communication networks. A comparative calculation of the required height of the antenna suspension was carried out using traditional formulas and in the software package.
Units mechanization for improving mountain slope areas
Authors: Soldatova I.E. , Gulueva L.R.
Published: November 2024

The authors presented the results of scientific developments and devices for improvement and restoration of mountain pasture areas on degraded mountain slopes. The aim of the research is to develop a method and produce a small-size laboratory sample of block-module for grass seed sowing and surface application of mineral fertilizers on the basis of MTZ- 82 tractor after paraploughing. In connection with the lack of small-sized units for the mountain zone, the laboratory unit was created, the process technology was substantiated, the designs of working bodies and units were designed and manufactured. Technical expertise and tests of the machine and technology were conducted in the mountain zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Dargavskaya Basin, the reference point of SCNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level, on a ragged section of the northern slope steepness of 13-10 in the area “Sugsadtanrag”. The indicators of testing conditions and functional indicators of the machine performance were determined according to the industry standard OST 10.5.1-2000, according to the industry standard, OST 10.7.1.-2000. “Testing of agricultural machinery. Machines for application of mineral fertilizers, lime materials and gypsum. Methods of evaluation of functional indicators. Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Russia”. The results of observations showed that the use of the aggregate makes it possible to increase both the yield of dry mass and fodder units (0.79 fodder units in 1 kg of dry mass) from 0.81-1.68 thousand/ha to 4.49- 4.98-4.06 thousand/ha of fodder units, to extend the period of pasture maintenance in the mountains by 40-45 days, to additionally prepare winter fodder in the form of hay and haylage. Practical application of the small-size aggregate will provide reduction of degradation processes of slope areas by accelerated restoration of quality and quantity of perennial grasses of fallow fodder lands.
Criminal liability for illegal destruction of forest plantations
Authors: Korneev Sergey , Avdeev Sergey , Kozhina Yulia , Kutukov Sergey
Published: November 2024

Russia’s forests, occupying one-fifth of the world’s forest area and being one of the renewable natural resources, meet multiple needs of the economy and society for forest resources, performing the most important environmental, protective and other useful functions. The problems of forest protection and utilization are becoming increasingly diverse and complex. Illegal felling of forest plantations is one of the most widespread crimes provided for in Chapter 26 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and accounts for ½ of the total number of socially dangerous acts causing or threatening to cause damage to the environment. According to experts, it is practically impossible to fully restore the forest fund damaged by illegal logging. This is primarily due to the time required to replace lost trees and shrubs, which ranges from 81 to 120 years and more for coniferous and deciduous species of seed origin, and from 41 to 70 years and more for coniferous and deciduous species of shoot origin. Reforestation requires high material costs. The objective of this research is to develop new and optimize existing approaches to counteract the illegal destruction of forest plantations. In order to achieve the desired goal, the research sets and consistently solves the following objectives: to analyze the legal norms determining the limits of legal responsibility for illegal felling of forest plantations; to determine the place of illegal felling of forest plantations in the structure of environmental crimes; to study the statistical data on the number of registered environmental crimes, convicted persons for committing environmental crimes in general and for illegal felling of forest plantations in particular; to consider the doctrinal approaches to the subject of this research; to develop the author’s proposals on the legal regulation of the fight against illegal felling of forest plantations; to develop the author’s proposals on the legal regulation of counteraction to illegal destruction of forest plantations.
Innovative approaches to optimizing the road safety monitoring system
Authors: Shevtsova A.G. , Bychkova C.A. , Podkopaev A.V. , Nechaev O.Y.
Published: November 2024

The article presents a statistical analysis of innovative approaches to optimizing the system for monitoring the level of accidents and social risk, which is aimed at improving the predictive capabilities of the existing system for monitoring road safety indicators on the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate website. The purpose of this study in the field of studying the dependence of the number of social risk and road accidents is a quantitative increase in this kind of accidents on the road network in the Federal Districts. Based on the data obtained, through the use of innovative methods and calculations of social risk, such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis for constructing a safer and more optimal road safety control system. The results of the intellectual research in the field of road safety in the Federal Districts of Russia under consideration allow us to conclude that there are significant opportunities in the work of innovative approaches in the field of ensuring road safety through the introduction of intelligent systems and effective algorithms.
Development of an information base for climate monitoring of the territory
Authors: Medvedeva Lyudmila , Tukhkanen Tatiana , Shalaginova Masha
Published: November 2024

The environmental doctrine of the Russian Federation determines the need to develop methodological grounds for monitoring climate risks of territories. In general, climate monitoring is a comprehensive evaluation of the climate change impact on all aspects of human life without exception, since climate change inevitably affects the socio-economic processes of territorial development. Therefore, assessing the impacts of climate change and evaluating potential risks at the territorial management level is essential. The quality of the monitoring conducted depends entirely on the information base used as the basis for analysis. Sound environmental decisions are important for all territorial complexes without exception. This study proposes an information base comprising three interconnected levels: public data, regional data and data from individual companies whose activities support sustainable development goals. Special attention should also be given to data processing methods, ensuring it is presented as a cumulative dataset. The article describes the mechanism for developing an information base, starting from determining monitoring objectives and selecting indicators necessary for assessing the climate risks of the territory. The study accounts for the development of an information base tailored to meet the needs of stakeholders engaged in climate monitoring within a specific territory. The authors also emphasize that the cumulative manner of collecting information is the most relevant, which is confirmed in the study using practical examples.
Analysis of interconnections between Lean and QM standards within LCIA framework
Authors: Burtseva Tatyana , Mironova Nataliya , Borisova Anzhelika , Mottaeva Asiiat
Published: November 2024

The ubiquitous approaches of lean management and environmental management (lean and green management) stem from the same sentiment, their driving force is of great importance in government and Russian practice, they have different tools and a general view of waste processes. However, the final result, as a rule, meets the needs of these concepts. The article is devoted to searching and beginning to correlate these approaches and find the presence (or absence) of a direct relationship through the mechanisms of built-in indicators reflecting both connections. This indicates the identity of the approaches to total social responsibility. The authors show the possibility of forming integrated indicators that reflect the results of lower approaches at each stage of the product life cycle from its planning and production to after-sales service. The results of the study, firstly, set the vector for further development of a single integrated model that unites both governments, and secondly, using an example, they simplify the interaction of traditional line-functional managers of production enterprises and heads of environmental departments, limit barriers to mutual understanding and show the goals of unity, although excellent in terms of implementation of the approach.
Determination of optimal imaging parameters of hyperspectral images using the identification module
Authors: Chilikin Andrey , Pupin Daniil
Published: November 2024

This paper is devoted to imaging with hyperspectral camera on the developed prototype of optical system for identification of micro- and macrodamage of plant tissues. The presented device is used for imaging process to detect fruit diseases at an early stage. Hyperspectral monitoring is a proven non-invasive method for detecting foetal damage. Hyperspectral imaging is a collection of spatially resolved spectral images representing an object or landscape. This data can be used to determine characteristics and parameters of fruit that indicate the presence of damage. This study reports on a triplicate experiment to determine the optimum parameters at which a hyperspectral image suitable for further detection and analysis of apples is obtained without the detection process slowing down the conveyor belt. This paper presents an optical identification device, which is a set of guides and racks on which a platform with a holder and a hyperspectral sensor attached to it moves. The recording and analysis of the hyperspectral cube was carried out using BaySpec’s SpecGrabber and Gelion. Data processing of the planned experiment was carried out in the MatchCad 15 environment and the PlanExp B-D13 v.1.0 programme. To find the combination of factors giving the optimum value of the output parameter. In the course of calculations the results of statistical processing of the obtained data and the conclusion on the adequacy of the mathematical model were obtained, on the basis of which it was decided that the model is applicable for solving production problems and the extrema of the response function were obtained, which correspond to the values of optimal factors. The main parameters affecting the acquisition of hyperspectral images suitable for subsequent analysis are the speed of movement of the bracket with the camera, the illumination of the biological object and the height of the camera installation. These parameters are variable and their combination directly affects the image quality expressed in pixels.