bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Écrire l’histoire d’une controverse : les relations entre l’Église catholique rwandaise et le génocide des Tutsi au travers de la presse rwandaise (1994-2003)
Authors: Korman Rémi
Published: June 2024

L’histoire et la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda font l’objet depuis 1994 de multiples controverses. Afin de les étudier, les universitaires réunissent des sources diverses : entretiens, archives publiques et privées ou encore sources de presse. Chacune de ces sources a ses spécificités qu’il s’agit de prendre en compte.En vue d’écrire une histoire des débats post-génocide, la presse est une source primaire essentielle, bien qu’encore peu mobilisée. Dans un contexte d’accès encore réduit aux archives rwandaises publiques et privées, elle permet pourtant de proposer une fine chronologie, d’identifier les acteurs, leurs réseaux et la circulation de leurs productions. Ces sources posent cependant des questions pratiques et méthodologiques : où les trouver ? Quels biais spécifiques engendrent-elles ? Pour cet article, j’ai choisi de revenir sur la controverse autour de la responsabilité de l’Église catholique dans le génocide des Tutsi. L’Église catholique rwandaise joue en effet un rôle particulier dans l’histoire intellectuelle et politique du pays depuis l’époque coloniale, mais aussi dans l’histoire des médias, les religieux étant à l’origine de nombreuses revues et journaux. Après 1994, l’Église catholique est accusée par les nouvelles autorités rwandaises de porter une responsabilité dans le génocide des Tutsi. Les missionnaires catholiques font l’objet de critiques spécifiques. À partir d’un corpus d’articles réduit à la période 1998-1999, je souhaite montrer la richesse des sources de presse rwandaise pour l’étude de cette controverse et son usage possible dans une approche relevant principalement de l’histoire des intellectuels. Une telle approche méthodologique pourrait être étendue à d’autres controverses et plus largement à l’histoire contemporaine du Rwanda.
Dans les archives littéraires francophones africaines : Approche génétique et constitution de corpus
Authors: Riffard Claire
Published: June 2024

Cet article présente des matériaux de recherche et l’usage qui en est fait dans les différents chantiers menés par l’équipe Manuscrits francophones de l’ITEM (Institut des textes et manuscrits modernes, unité mixte de recherche CNRS-ENS). Ce laboratoire créé en 1982 pour étudier les processus de création littéraire a développé une approche méthodologique et critique, appelée génétique textuelle, qui fait un usage singulier des sources, ou plutôt des traces, en littérature. L’équipe Manuscrits francophones est née en 2008, à la faveur de l’intérêt manifesté par Pierre-Marc de Biasi pour deux corpus africains qui lui semblaient pouvoir renouveler les études génétiques par leur caractère exceptionnel : les manuscrits du Malgache Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo et ceux du Congolais Sony Labou Tansi. Nous avons dès l’entame mené ce travail conjoint sur plusieurs corpus. Près de quinze ans plus tard, le recul permet de réévaluer les méthodes mobilisées et de reformuler les objectifs de recherche. Dans un premier temps, après avoir donné quelques éclairages sur les notions-clés de la démarche génétique, je m’attache à décrire et questionner sa méthode spécifique de traitement des sources. Cette méthode se décline en plusieurs étapes, de la constitution du « dossier de genèse » – qui pose la question de l’implication personnelle du chercheur dans la collecte – au classement génétique des documents, à leur transcription et leur numérisation. Cette phase de numérisation est essentielle, même si son rôle dans la préservation pérenne des archives et dans l’accès à distance des chercheurs aux données commence à faire débat. À soi seule elle ne permet en rien l’accessibilité, à part pour ceux qui ont réalisé la numérisation. D’où l’importance d’envisager systématiquement un plan de diffusion numérique, qui comprenne un modèle économique. C’est l’objet de la deuxième partie.Une fois le matériau rassemblé, organisé, transcrit et numérisé, donc devenu corpus de recherche, il est généralement édité sur support papier ou numérique, dès lors que les autorisations de publication sont accordées. Les choix éditoriaux sont fonction des objectifs de diffusion et des différentes contraintes, y compris économiques, à prendre en compte au moment de la mise en partage. Ce dispositif pratiqué par l’équipe Manuscrits francophones de l’ITEM, d’abord en grande partie empirique, puis progressivement soutenu et étayé par des échanges d’expérience avec d’autres équipes, n’est pas sans susciter des questionnements à plusieurs niveaux. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, je partage quelques-unes des réflexions sur les enjeux éthiques et juridiques qui l’ont accompagné jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Ces enjeux concernent notamment le rapport entretenu avec les archives, avec les ayants droit, avec les pays, in fine la manière de travailler avec les Suds.
La photographie comme absence : histoires en creux (Afrique, fin xixe-début xxe siècle)
Authors: Foliard Daniel
Published: June 2024

Le matériau photographique impose une présence parfois écrasante et déformante, notamment en matière d’écriture de l’histoire. Les premiers enregistrements visuels des mondes sociaux africains par la photographie ont parfois eu pour effet de modeler pour longtemps les images du continent. Les recirculations contemporaines des images de la fin du xixe et du début du xxe siècle n’ont souvent fait que consolider ce phénomène. Construit en contrepoint, cet article envisagera une histoire paradoxale de la photographie en la considérant non pas pour sa présence, mais précisément pour son absence. En un travail historien étayé par des sources photographiques et écrites s’étalant des années 1870 à 1910, cette contribution se focalise sur la photographie comme absence, comme disparition et comme effacement. Cette histoire en creux se concentre sur plusieurs phénomènes essentiels qui caractérisent la (non)production des images photographiques des mondes sociaux africains à l’âge de l’expansion coloniale. Il s’agit d’aborder en premier lieu la question essentielle de la destruction matérielle des photographies anciennes de l’Afrique. Pour une multiplicité de raisons, une partie de ce qui a été photographié est désormais perdue ou en voie de l’être. L’un des effets majeurs de ce processus a longtemps consisté en un double effacement des pionniers africains de la photographie, mal ou peu représentés dans les archives institutionnelles et ayant souffert d’un investissement historiographique limité, dont l’histoire reste encore à écrire dans bien des cas. Dans un second temps, c’est la question du refus de poser et du refus éventuel de prendre des photographies qui sont évoquées. Plusieurs traces éparses de ces contournements de la photographie seront observées. Le problème de l’autocensure et du caractère très fermé de la circulation de certaines images, notamment celles menaçant la stabilité des récits coloniaux, sera lui aussi étudié dans cette partie. Pour finir, l’article examinera de plus près les prises de vues réalisées par Alex J. Braham. Cet individu, District agent à Ogugu (sud du Nigéria) pour la Royal Niger Company au tournant du xxe siècle, était un passionné de photographie. Son album personnel contient plusieurs vues d’une cérémonie secrète réalisée à l’insu des participants alors qu’il avait réussi à se cacher dans un bâtiment avec son appareil. Exemple d’escamotage (non de la photographie comme image mais de l’acte photographique lui-même), son geste est lui aussi l’une des manifestations possibles des invisibilités qui ont largement participé à former et à déformer les imageries photographiques de l’Afrique.
La sexualité dans les contes gbaya
Authors: Roulon-Doko Paulette
Published: June 2024

L’article analyse la façon dont la sexualité est traitée chez les Gbaya d’Afrique centrale. Après avoir présenté la conception des sexes dans la culture gbaya, l’auteur étudie ce qui en est dit, tant dans les expressions de la vie quotidienne que dans les différents genres discursifs identifiés dans cette culture : proverbes, devinettes, légendes puis, enfin, contes. Ces derniers parlent explicitement de l’acte sexuel et mettent en scène des personnages qui ont des aptitudes exceptionnelles, hors du commun, tout à fait conformes au monde imaginaire des contes dont la démesure est la règle. Mais ces contes sont aussi l’occasion de mentionner des éléments du quotidien pratiqués par tous, où les jeux érotiques, les préliminaires et l’énumération des étapes habituelles de la progression du déroulement d’une relation sexuelle illustrent les rôles complémentaires des hommes et des femmes dont on parle très librement. Le conte s’adresse à tous, hommes, femmes, enfants, sans visée didactique explicite. Sa répétition, lors des soirées dédiées, permet l’acquisition et le partage d’un savoir culturel commun tout en jouant pleinement son rôle de divertissement.
The Iconography of Ada Lovelace in Fictional Worlds
Authors: Hammerman Robin , Pennino Anthony
Published: June 2024

La figure d’Ada Lovelace a été une sorte de révélation pour ceux qui travaillent dans le domaine artistique. Elle a inspiré une réévaluation de la façon dont l'histoire de la science elle-même est racontée, dans une perspective qui reflète plus étroitement la réalité de ceux qui travaillent dans les disciplines des STIM (Science, technologie, ingénierie et mathématiques), comme un système de collaboration où la connaissance progresse grâce aux efforts du plus grand nombre, et non à l'effort d'un seul. À cet égard, Ada Lovelace apparaît à la fois comme une icône de l'émancipation globale des femmes, et un parangon d'une culture entièrement repensée des domaines des STIM. Cet essai examine l'iconographie d'Ada Lovelace en mettant l'accent sur quatre œuvres : The Difference Engine, Arcadia, The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage, et Doctor Who.
Résurrection numérique, deuil et données personnelles : décryptage des imaginaires dystopiques et des enjeux éthiques de l’IA dans l’épisode « Be Right Back » de Black Mirror
Authors: Malet Marine
Published: June 2024

Dans l’épisode « Be right Back » (S02E01) réalisé par Owen Harris et diffusé sur Channel 4 le 11 février 2013, la série télévisée Black Mirror met en scène une intelligence artificielle programmée pour permettre de converser avec un défunt. En envisageant les séries contemporaines comme susceptibles de participer aux cadrages des problèmes publics, cet article interroge la manière dont l’IA est mise en récit et les risques qui y sont associés par le recours au genre dystopique. En articulant une analyse de l’épisode et une enquête de réception, il s’agira de se demander si la fiction propose une simple anticipation dystopique ou si la discussion collective par les téléspectateurs laisse entrevoir l’adoption d’une posture critique et réflexive à l’égard du présent et des enjeux actuels liés au développement et aux usages de l’IA, contribuant ainsi à nourrir le débat collectif sur ces sujets.
Legal Gazettes as Historical Roadmaps for Researching the Cooperative Movement in Angola
Authors: Safarik Brad
Published: June 2024

This text recounts experiences of engaging with Angolan state authorities and institutions during fieldwork when researching the state’s role since independence in devising strategies to govern its vast rural areas and its peoples. A central pillar of this strategy consisted in the construction of a nation-wide attempt at developing a corporatist cooperative sector. The goals were two-fold: it would channel much needed resources to the rural economy through a state-led agricultural sector as well as providing structures of political oversight and control over the rural workers. The outbreak of civil war impeded much of the initial plans, yet the strategy progressed nevertheless. The research project therefore focused on exploring the origins of the cooperative sector. In conducting this historical research, one of the main primary sources of documentation and analysis was the government’s legal gazettes. A main mission of the fieldwork became the identification and location of these documents pertaining to the cooperative movement. The task was made difficult as Angola’s legal gazettes are not accessible to the public in any centralised manner and existing online databases are incomplete. Given the circumstances, accessing the documents would require going through public officials. The research was conducted in a specific period of authoritarian decompression, led by a corporatist regime that had been consolidating its power and influence nationwide in the two decades following the end of the civil war in 2002. The research project progressed significantly by gaining access to primary documentation through both public and private institutions, as well as securing informal semi-direct interviews with key officials. The relative success of the fieldwork provides a blueprint for accessing different sources of documents in Angola and the measured openness of the regime to researchers probing its institutions for research purposes. In the end, the documents unearthed during the archival research demonstrated the extent to which the cooperative sector in Angola had been politicised since its conception. Contextualising this political experiment provides the value of the present research as it gives important historical insight into how the cooperatives’ trajectory ultimately undermined their current form, character, and efficiency.
Getting in Touch with the Out of Reach: Fieldwork Strategies in Research on Women and Politics (South-West of Nigeria)
Authors: Adebayo Adedeji
Published: June 2024

Researching women’s political representation in legislative policymaking provides an interesting lens to understand women’s struggle for political inclusion. Factors which could impede a systematic study of this subject include limited access to politicians who often become almost invisible once they get elected to public office on the one hand, and poor record-keeping culture of legislative assemblies which could restrict the traceability of past events and transparency of the current decision-making process on the other hand. In this article, I analyse the study of three sub-national legislative assemblies in the South-West of Nigeria, namely: Ekiti State House of Assembly (EKSHA), Lagos State House of Assembly (LSHA) and Ogun State House of Assembly (OGSHA). I give an account of how both formal and informal entries helped facilitate the gathering of data for the understanding of women’s struggle for power and their legislative policymaking activities in Nigeria. I begin by presenting my positionality as a male graduate student from a working-class background researching gender/women issues and the implication of this situation on the type of data I generate. Thereafter, I provide insights into how I navigated these assemblies to gain access to these lawmakers by articulating the kind of information I had hoped to get and what I eventually got. Then, I discuss women’s struggle for political inclusion, agency and their activities in legislative policymaking. I conclude by reflecting on the complementary roles of both formal and informal entries and how they shaped and enhanced the data gathering process.
Travailleurs mobiles et saisonniers : des précaires en eau aux pratiques invisibles
Authors: Le Marchand Arnaud
Published: June 2024

L’accès aux douches et à l’eau pour le lavage du linge sont des enjeux pour beaucoup de salariés de passage, comme les routiers et les saisonniers. L’article étudie les lieux et les usages de lavage du corps et du linge hors de leur domicile par des saisonniers ou des salariés du transport, en Normandie et au niveau national. Il s’appuie d’abord sur l’examen des don­nées statistiques et une enquête à distance, puis sur l’observation d’une série d’usages plus ou moins licites qui décrivent une autre vision de la ville et des équipements collectifs, sportifs par exemple. Avec les centres d’aide et les équipements sportifs ou nautiques, les restaurants routiers en ville sont des lieux de douches possibles, mais où ce service est rendu très discrè­tement. Il n’y a pas d’explication affichée, ce service est implicitement réservé aux chauffeurs, à quelques exceptions près. Les douches participent néanmoins au rôle de tiers lieux des cafés et de tiers espace des ports de plaisance. Mais cet accès à l’eau est fragile, face aux crises sanitaires ou à la sécheresse, et insuffisant. Il reste un impensé des politiques d’amé­nage­ments.
Les débuts de la natation olympique : de la pleine eau à la piscine standardisée (1896-1924)
Authors: Auvray Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

À partir d’un ensemble de sources imprimées (rapports, journaux) et d’archives iconographiques, cette étude vise à formaliser, entre 1896 et 1924, les déterminants historiques qui ont pesé sur l’évolution de la géographie et de l’aménagement des lieux destinés à l’organisation des épreuves olympiques de natation eu égard aux caractéristiques identitaires des nageurs admis à y participer. La métamorphose d’épreuves en pleine eau courante (1896-1900), réservées aux nageurs masculins amateurs ou professionnels, à des compétitions en piscine olympique (1924) pour les athlètes des deux sexes, a été déterminée par des choix idéologiques, politiques et économiques conduits par les différentes instances en charge de leur organisation. Il en ressort que les espaces de la natation olympique ont été fortement normés par les idéologies dominantes sur le genre, la classe et la race.
En maillot de bain l’hiver dans le canal de l’Ourcq à Pantin
Authors: Hachet Benoît
Published: June 2024

L’article analyse la pratique des Ourcq Polaires, groupe informel de nageurs se baignant l’hiver en maillot de bain dans le canal de l’Ourcq à Pantin. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique de six mois menée en automne 2022 et en hiver 2023, par ma propre participation aux « ploufs », le suivi de l’activité sur les réseaux sociaux et six entretiens complémentaires, j’ai envisagé cette activité nouvelle comme une micro aventure ludique qui se met en scène dans l’arène urbaine pour conquérir des espaces de nage en eau libre dans la ville. Pour y parvenir, les « ploufeurs » doivent apprendre à aimer l’eau froide, faire avec la pollution et passer outre l’interdiction de se baigner.
Effects of aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction on cardiorespiratory and functional capacity in the elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Edgleisson Almeida da , Cavalcanti Gabriel Filipe Barboza , Paulo Carvalho Lima João , Leite Theodan  Stephenson Cardoso , Dantas Jean Paulo Guedes , Rodrigues Neto Gabriel
Published: June 2024

This study systematically reviewed the available scientific evidence regarding the chronic changes promoted by aerobic exercise (AE) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on cardiorespiratory capacity (CC) and functional capacity (FC) in the elderly. Search in PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was carried out considering the period from January 1990 to November 2020. To this end, the following descriptors were used in English: ((blood flow restriction training) OR (blood flow restriction exercise) OR (vascular occlusion training) OR (vascular occlusion exercise) OR (kaatsu training)). Out of the 3,091 articles identified, 3,073 were excluded based on title and abstract, accounting for 99.41% of the total. Thus, 18 articles were obtained and read in full. Of the 18 articles, 16 were excluded as they did not meet the criteria for methodological quality analysis. Two articles were selected for critical consideration. Both studies found that AE combined with BFR improved CC and FC after six weeks of training. Aerobic training performed with RFS for six weeks improves FC and suggests an improvement in CC in the elderly.
Comparison of effects of volume-controlled equal inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio (1:1) ventilation with conventional ratio (1:2) ventilation on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in patients undergoing upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gunasekaran Prathap , Thangavelu Ramyavel , Segaran Sivakumar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries are often at risk of developing hypoxemia, increased airway pressure, and barotrauma due to pneumoperitoneum. Prolongation of inspiratory time in a respiratory cycle has been found to improve oxygenation without any increase in peak airway pressure. Hence, we studied the effect of equal ratio volume-controlled ventilation on the mechanics of respiration and hemodynamics in comparison with conventional ratio volume-controlled ventilation.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-six general surgical patients aged 18–70 years of age belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II posted for upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A patients were ventilated with volume-controlled 1:1 ventilation whereas Group B patients were ventilated with 1:2 ratio ventilation. Intraoperatively, parameters of respiratory mechanics that included peak airway pressure, mean airway pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and hemodynamics (MAP and heart rate) were recorded. The parameters measured were compared between the two groups using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

There were no significant differences in peak airway and MAPs recorded between the two groups (P = 0.82 and P = 0.51, respectively). The hemodynamic parameters, saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide measurements also remained similar between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Volume-controlled equal ratio ventilation was found to be similar to conventional ratio ventilation in terms of parameters of respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in patients undergoing upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries.
Assessment of vocal cord function using transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography: a tertiary government hospital experience
Authors: Tsai Justine Ruth Chny , Alcantara-Capuz Maria Karen R , Gansatao Fatima Makalintal
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To determine the feasibility of surgeon-performed transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography (TLUS) in the assessment of vocal cord function as an alternative to rigid laryngoscopy.

Specific Objective:

To describe the method of using ultrasound in assessing vocal cord mobility. To describe maneuvers that can be performed to assess laryngeal function during transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography (TLUS). To describe the utility of TLUS as an alternative to fiberoptic laryngoscopy in assessing vocal cord mobility for otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery practitioners during the time of COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary government hospital in the Philippines.

Subjects:

Twenty-six patients aged between 19 and 68 years old, diagnosed with a benign or malignant thyroid disease, were seen in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery subspecialty clinic in East Avenue Medical Center from November 2021 to August 2022. All patients underwent TLUS performed by the lead investigator and rigid laryngoscopy performed by otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) surgeons in the same institution. The laryngeal ultrasound recordings are presented to four blinded ORL-HNS practitioners, who have all attended Head and Neck Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) hands-on workshops, for interpretation to assess the mobility of the vocal cords.

Results:

Of the 184 normal-functioning vocal folds, TLUS assessed 175 correctly. Of the 24 malfunctioning, either paretic or paralyzed vocal folds, TLUS identified 22 correctly, with a sensitivity of 91.6% and specificity of 95.1%. Of the 24 malfunctioning vocal fold presented to the blinded ORL-HNS practitioners, 12 were paretic and 12 were paralyzed based on rigid laryngoscopy assessment. Of the 12 paretic vocal fold, TLUS assessed 7 correctly for a specificity of 91.9%. Of the 12 paralyzed vocal folds, TLUS assessed 7 correctly for a specificity of 93.6%.

Conclusion:

We found that TLUS may serve as a reliable alternative screening tool for ORL-HNS practitioners in assessing vocal fold mobility. It can be used to differentiate paralyzed and paretic vocal folds with mastery of proper technique as image acquisition is highly operator-dependent, even for surgeon operators.
Capacity Building in Public Health Emergency Management: A Crucial Pillar for Global Health Security
Authors: Garg Rajat , Bhargava Anita , Singh Snehil Kumar
Published: June 2024

The recurrent threats of infectious diseases, alongside escalating environmental and man-made disasters, underscore the critical requirement for robust public health emergency management (PHEM), which puts into practice the emergency management cycle consisting of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. PHEM is an emergent field of practice that draws on specific sets of knowledge, techniques and organising principles necessary for the effective management of complex health events. Effective PHEM is indispensable for minimising morbidity and mortality, safeguarding economies and maintaining societal function. This viewpoint emphasises the imperative for comprehensive capacity building in PHEM, integrating evidence-based practices and lessons learnt from recent global health emergencies to propose a framework for strengthening global health security.
Precision Public Health: Is the Concept Endurable to Perdurable
Authors: Modi Anjali , Vala Jaydevsinh , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Katoch C. D. S.
Published: June 2024

The present era is characterized by the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health. Precision Medicine is an emerging approach for disease prevention and treatment considering individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle while precision public health (PPH) amalgamates the concept to individuals and groups of people having similar traits of characteristics. Incorporation of precision medicine approaches into public health strategies, can enhance effectiveness of interventions, maximize the impact of resources, and ultimately improve the health and well-being of communities around the world. The application of PPH is not without concerns of data security, generalisation, “hype,” “bio-markup”, and disparities. The present viewpoint deliberates whether precision public health is actually as novel as highlighted or has it already endured the scientific test and proven beneficence to healthcare prediction, planning and solutions.
Perception of Body Image amongst Intern Doctors: Determinants and Association with Body Mass Index
Authors: Jasani Krishna Mahendrabhai , Gosalia Vibha Vinodkumar , Misra Shobha V.
Published: June 2024

Context:

Body image is an individual perception about his or her body. Body image misperception may lead to faulty physical activity and dietary practices which may turn into malnutrition. Hence, it is important to know whether intern doctors have any element of body image dissatisfaction.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of body image perception and to find out the association between body image perception and body mass index (BMI).

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 150 intern doctors were posted in various departments of P.D.U.M.C. Rajkot, in November 2021 and were included in the study. An orientation session was conducted through online platform and the objective of the study was explained. The questionnaire was administered by using Google Forms and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2019. Out of 150 intern doctors, 126 submitted their responses.

Results:

More than half of the participants (74 [58.7%]) perceived themselves as ‘perfect’ while other perceived themselves as ‘fatty’ (37 [29.4%]) and ‘thin’ (15[11.9%]). Fifty-seven per cent interns were satisfied with their body image (perceived body image [PBI] = desired body image [DBI]) while 43% of interns were dissatisfied (PBI ≠ DBI). Major determinant of body image perception was self-perception (80.15%), followed by media (16.67%). Out of 20 underweight participants, majority (13 [65%]) perceived themselves as ‘perfect’ and out of 46 combined ‘overweight and obese’ participants (17 [36.9%]) perceived themselves as ‘perfect.’ Sixteen (26.7%) who had normal BMI perceived themselves as ‘not perfect.’ This difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.0006).

Conclusions:

There is discrepancy between PBI and DBI amongst study participants. Majority of underweight and overweight interns’ perceived themselves as ‘perfect’ which may result into either nutritional deficiency or obesity. This highlights the gap between body image perception and actual BMI levels.
A Brief History of Traditional Indian Medicine: In Particular, Yoga and Siddha Systems of Medicine Part 1 – WHY Indian Medicos Need to Know of the Rich Medical Heritage of Bharat - An Eye-opener
Authors: Seshadri Hiramalini , Seshadri Divya
Published: June 2024

A brief history of Traditional Indian Medicine, in particular Yoga and Siddha system of medicine, is presented as a four-part series including Part 1 – WHY Indian medicos need to know of the rich medical heritage of Bharat; an eye-opener, Part 2 – Evidence-based Ancient History of India that is Bharat revisited, Part 3 – A brief on the knowledge level of ancient India and knowledge codified under Yoga, pertaining to optimum health and maximising human potential and Part 4 – A brief on the Siddha system of medicine, including their knowledge level and the Siddha contribution to medical education in the ancient world. India’s rich medical heritage has been kept away from India and the world in general by a distorted colonial narrative. This article attempts to give a little glimpse to Indian medicos.
Current Status of Vaccine of Human Papillomavirus-positive Patients with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Bansal Mohan
Published: June 2024

The oropharynx is amongst the most common sites of cancer in Indian male population. The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes approximately 5% of cancers worldwide. HPV-positive patients (12–16 HPV genotypes) with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) of the tonsil and base of the tongue are increasing significantly not only in India but also in the USA and some European countries. The abovementioned facts were the driving force to conduct this present study. The aims of the present were (1) To know the relationship between the HPV vaccination and the incidence of OPC in men and (2) Can pan-gender HPV vaccination reduce the incidence of HPV patients with OPC. The study reviewed the literature using MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar. The English language articles having abstracts were included on 28 March 2024. The study investigated the effect of HPV vaccination on the incidence and prevalence of HPV-positive men with OPC in the last 3 years (January 2021 to December 2023). The current study observed HPV vaccination reducing the oral HPV positivity in men and indicating the decreased risk of developing HPV-positive patients with not only OPC but also other HPV-associated head-and-neck cancers. The study found that the introduction of pan-gender HPV vaccination can reduce the incidences of HPV-positive men with OPC. Therefore, HPV vaccination in pre-teens, early teens and young boys can prevent not only HPV-positive men with OPC but also other cancers of head-and-neck regions.
Medical Students and Interns Considering Anaesthesiology as a Future Career Option: An Institutional Survey from Uttarakhand
Authors: Gupta Divya , Asthana Veena , Mittal Harshita
Published: June 2024

Background:

There may be an increasing awareness and demand of anaesthesiology as a speciality and fraternity.

Objectives:

The objective of the survey was to evaluate the attitude of MBBS students and interns of the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, regarding opting for anaesthesiology as their post-graduate subject and pursuing anaesthesiology as their future career.

Materials and Methods:

This was an online survey that was conducted through a short, simplified, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire (as a Google Forms) through e-mail to students of all MBBS Professionals (Professional - I, II, Final Part - I and Final Part - II) as well as interns.

Results:

Amongst 121 respondents, only 13% were planning for anaesthesiology as the first choice for post-graduation.

Conclusion:

Only one in eight medical students at a single institute in Uttarakhand wants to pursue anaesthesiology, which means measures and efforts are warranted to make anaesthesiology more lucrative. Awareness at the community level regarding anaesthesiologists as pain and peri-operative physicians is the need of the hour.
Outcome of Intensive Physical Exercise on the Prevalence of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Military Trainees
Authors: Al-Jamea Lamiaa H. , Woodman Alexander , Alqarzaee Abdullah Saleh , Zahrani Eidan M. Al , Al-Yami Fatimah Salim , Alfahad Othman A. , Mutawah Ibrahim E. Al , Nazzal Wael , Alshehri Ahlam D. , Quiambao Jenifer V.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Iron deficiency (ID) is considered a common health condition among military personnel, particularly soldiers during a period of high-intensity workouts. The causes, prevention, and treatment of ID anemia (IDA) remain the subject of ongoing and extensive research in various populations.

AIM:

This is the first research to study the outcome of 14 weeks of intensive physical exercise on the prevalence and factors associated with ID and IDA among Saudi military male trainees.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among n = 101 trainees who completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, dietary habits, current or past diagnoses of medical conditions, and physical activity. Two blood samples were collected from each participant to estimate (1) C-reactive protein and iron profile and (2) complete blood counts by the CellDYN Sapphire automated blood cell counter. Hemoglobin (Hb) fractions were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using the TOSOH G8 analyzer to exclude hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of ID, comprising both ID erythropoiesis and IDA among trainees, was found to be 65.3%. The occurrence of IDA was 5%, while ID erythropoiesis was detected among 60.4%. The prevalence of ID was statistically significantly higher among those drinking coffee during military training (P = 0.048).

CONCLUSIONS:

Further studies are recommended to validate this study’s findings by incorporating a larger sample and extending the duration of the training period and examine the mechanisms that explain the increased risk of ID during vigorous military training.
Hematological Assessments of Children with Oral Aphthous Ulcer in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Tofiq Saif Hakeem , Idan Hayder Mahdi
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Although the terms “aphthous ulcers” and “aphthous stomatitis” have been used interchangeably in the past, the latter is now preferable. It is a widespread illness that affects 20% of the general population and 9% of children, according to estimates. Due to the high prevalence, pediatric patients who complain of mouth ulcers frequently present to medical and dental specialists.

OBJECTIVES:

Hematological assessments of patients with oral aphthous ulcer and comparison with healthy control.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A case–control study of 120 kids was conducted. The study included 100 patients with oral aphthous ulcer (56 male and 44 female) and a group of 20 healthy controls (10 males and 10 females). Data were collected using questionnaires. The questionnaires had two sections. The first section involved personal information. The second section is related to hematological examinations, such as hemoglobin level, serum iron level, folic acid level, Vitamin B12 level, and mean corpuscular volume. Statistical analysis was carried out using the t-test, and the LSD was employed to significantly compare the means.

RESULTS:

The level of hemoglobin in the control group was statistically highly significantly increased when compared with patients with mean ± standard error (SE) (13.14 ± 0.20) versus mean ± SE (10.39 ± 0.19). Serum iron showed an increased level in the control group compared to patients with statistically showed highly significant correlation with mean ± SE (71.77 ± 5.14) versus mean ± SE (46.76 ± 2.79). A highly significant correlation existed when compared the control group and patients concerning Vitamin B12 levels with mean ± SE (517.02 ± 28.11) versus mean ± SE (367.32 ± 21.25).

CONCLUSIONS:

Hemoglobin, serum iron, and Vitamin B12 levels of patients are higher than that of controls. It is very important to observe the hemoglobin, folic acid, Vitamin B12, and serum iron levels in patients with oral ulcer before it starts to suggest treatments for oral ulcer.
Assessment of Oral Health Promotion Programs in Schools and their Long-Term Effects
Authors: Chakraborty Tamalika , Munigala Anitha , Kala Tejaswi , Yedla Rasagnya , Shankar Kiran S. , Bennadi Darshana , Tiwari Heena Dixit , Patel Panthi
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

School-based oral health promotion initiatives are essential for enhancing children’s and teenagers’ oral health outcomes. However, the long-term efficacy of these initiatives is yet unknown.

Methods:

Over the course of a year, 500 children between the ages of 6 and 12 years participated in prospective observational research. Two groups of 250 participants each—the intervention group and the control group—were created. While the control group only got basic oral health information, the intervention group participated in a full program aimed at promoting oral health. Over the course of 2 years, baseline data on the participants’ oral health condition were gathered, and follow-up evaluations were carried out every 6 months.

Results:

At the 12-month follow-up, the intervention group showed a substantial decrease in dental caries prevalence (15.2% vs. 23.6%, P < 0.001) as compared to the control group. In addition, the intervention group showed better oral hygiene habits than the control group (P < 0.001), such as decreased plaque index and more frequent brushing. In conclusion, school-based initiatives to promote oral health are successful in enhancing children’s and adolescents’ long-term dental health outcomes. These initiatives are essential in lowering the prevalence of dental caries and encouraging good oral hygiene habits. Ensuring the long-term dental health and well-being of future generations requires sustained investment in school-based oral health promotion efforts.
Comparison of Surgical Techniques for Correction of Mandibular Asymmetry in TMJ Ankylosis Patients
Authors: Mansuri Samir , Hemavathy S. , Tejaswee Annaluru Sri Sasank , Pappu Lakshmi Manasa , Thomas Harvey , Bhuyan Lipsa , Gulia Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis frequently results in mandibular asymmetry, which impairs an affected person’s ability to function and look good. Because of the intricacy of TMJ ankylosis and the variety of surgical procedures available, correcting mandibular asymmetry surgically can be difficult.

Methods:

Patients with mandibular asymmetry and TMJ ankylosis who had surgery at a tertiary care facility between certain periods were the subject of a retrospective investigation. Medical records were used to gather information on patient demographics, pre-operative imaging, surgical methods, and post-operative results. Surgical methods included condylectomy with or without reconstruction, joint reconstruction with or without orthognathic surgery, and unilateral or bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). Occlusion, patient-reported results, and facial symmetry made up the evaluation criteria.

Findings:

The study had a total of 50 patients, with different surgical method distributions. Comparing unilateral and bilateral MDO to condylectomy and joint reconstruction, notable gains in face symmetry and occlusion were seen. The largest complication rate was seen with condylectomy, mostly from recurrence and device-related issues, albeit the rates of other procedures varied as well.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, customized treatment planning is necessary for the correction of mandibular asymmetry in individuals with TMJ ankylosis. Although mandibular distraction osteogenesis produces better results for occlusion and facial symmetry, it is crucial to carefully weigh the risks involved. While still feasible treatments, condylectomy and joint reconstruction require strict monitoring for any consequences. In order to enhance patient care in this difficult patient group, future research should concentrate on improving treatment procedures and long-term results.
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma – A Case Report of a 9-Year-Old Male Child
Authors: Sharma Moitrayee , Sarma Mridul Kumar , Choudhury Devajit , Rao Sindhu S , Santosh BS , Debnath Asim , Deka Muktanjalee
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

“Giant cell epulis” nowadays known as “peripheral giant cell granuloma” (PGCG) is a soft tissue benign overgrowth seen in the oral cavity. It is a type of reactive exophytic lesion of gingiva whose etiology is still not specific. Peripheral giant cell lesion may not be a life-threatening condition but when the size of the lesion exceeds a certain limit it hampers day-to-day activity of the oral cavity. It may also have a psychological effect on the person. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy with a large peripheral giant cell lesion, which interfered with his chewing habits. The purpose of reporting this case is to create awareness about peripheral giant cell lesions and its treatment modality. Under general anesthesia, the soft tissue growth was excised using an electrocautery that was approximately 5.3 cm in length and 2 cm in width. The patient was reviewed on the 7th day (postoperative), followed by 10, 20, and 30 days. After this, the patient was reviewed monthly for 6 months. Healing was successful without any events. Proper history taking is mandatory before coming to a final diagnosis. Various diagnostic aids help in coming to a confirmatory diagnosis. Complete surgical excision and elimination of any irritant factor along with clearing of the base of the lesion is mandatory to avoid recurrence rate and have a complete uneventful healing.
Effect of nadanusandhana on heart rate variability in individuals with insomnia – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gokulvani A. K. , Shetty Shivaprasad , Shetty Prashanth
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or sleep that is unrefreshing or of poor quality. It is a serious public health concern where pharmacological insomnia treatments are often only advised for short term. Nadanusandana relaxation can be a safe, simple, and most effective treatment for insomnia as an adjuvant yogic treatment.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nadanusandana relaxation on autonomic variables in patients with insomnia.

Settings and Design:

A prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided equally into two groups. Group 1 along with naturopathy and yogic intervention practiced Nadanusandana relaxation (n = 50) and Group 2 underwent only naturopathic and yogic practices (n = 50).

Subjects and Methods:

Subjects were assessed for heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores before and after treatment.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The Nadanusandana relaxation group observed a significant increase in average RR interval, the square root of the mean squared difference between adjacent N-N intervals, the fraction of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms, and high frequency (HF), and a significant decrease in low frequency (LF) and LF/HF ratio was observed in HRV.. A very substantial drop in both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure during blood pressure readings. Sleep quality questionnaire analyzed a significant decrease in ISI score and in PSQI.

Conclusion:

Nadanusandana relaxation reduces sympathetic tone and shifts sympathovagal balance toward vagal dominance in regular practice. Hence, the result claims that this technique can be effective in reducing sleep disturbances, lowering blood pressure, and improving sleep quality in insomnia.
Impact of yoga therapy on glycemic control and heart rate variability among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shetty Athmika , Nandeesh N. S. , Shetty Shivaprasad , Shetty Prashanth
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major lifestyle disorder with multiple systemic complications. Although conventional treatments have been able to combat the symptoms and complications, it has not been able to provide long-lasting control, hence yoga is considered more effective and alternate method of controlling diabetes mellitus.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga protocol on heart rate variability (HRV), glycemic control, and anthropometric parameters in T2DM individuals.

Materials and Methods:

This is a randomized, comparative study design. A total of 100 participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups, the test group (n = 50) received yogic protocol along with pharmacological treatment and the control group (n = 50) was on conventional treatment with regular activities for 90 days. The pre­post assessments of HRV, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected at baseline and after 3 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

The experimental group showed significant decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, low frequency (LF), LF/HF, blood glucose, HbA1c and anthropometric parameters as compared to control gorup. However, there was no significant effect of yoga therapy on waist-hip ratio.

Conclusion:

The result of the present study demonstrated that yoga is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM. Hence, the given specific yogic intervention can be clinically used in the management of T2DM.
On spectral inclusion sets and computing the spectra and pseudospectra of bounded linear operators
Authors: Chandler-Wilde Simon , Chonchaiya Ratchanikorn , Lindner Marko
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we derive novel families of inclusion sets for the spectra and pseudospectra of large classes of bounded linear operators, and establish convergence of particular sequences of these inclusion sets to the spectrum or pseudospectrum, as appropriate. Our results apply, in particular, to bounded linear operators on a separable Hilbert space that, with respect to some orthonormal basis, have a representation as a bi-infinite matrix that is banded or band-dominated. More generally, our results apply in cases where the matrix entries themselves are bounded linear operators on some Banach space. In the scalar matrix entry case, we show that our methods, given the input information we assume, lead to a sequence of approximations to the spectrum, each element of which can be computed in finitely many arithmetic operations, so that, with our assumed inputs, the problem of determining the spectrum of a band-dominated operator has solvability complexity index one in the sense of Ben-Artzi et al. (2020). As a concrete and substantial application, we apply our methods to the determination of the spectra of non-self-adjoint bi-infinite tridiagonal matrices that are pseudoergodic in the sense of Davies [Commun. Math. Phys. 216 (2001), 687–704].