bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enlarging the Conceptualization of Mixed Method Approaches to Grounded Theory With Intervention Research
Authors: Creamer Elizabeth G.
Published: April 2018

The potential for mixed method approaches to offer a creative way to generate theory about human behavior in a complex social world has been observed but rarely executed in a way that is reflexive about either the procedures or its contribution. The analysis reported illustrates the untapped potential for the development of classic grounded theory with mixed method research approaches involving the evaluation of educational and health-related interventions. The analysis contributes to the literature by proposing a model that conceptualizes a fully integrated mixed method approach to grounded theory and introduces ideas about the potential for integration to occur at multiple stages in the research process. Discordant data can contribute to the development of more creative and nuanced theoretical models.
Foundations in Germany: Culture and the Arts
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , Striebing Clemens
Published: April 2018

The article discusses how the structure of the German cultural landscape shapes the self-understanding and positioning of philanthropic foundations that engage in art and culture. The contribution undertakes a mapping of the different forms of roles and relationships that foundations use to gain impact in this field of activity. The main argument is that in a field characterized by a high multiplicity of actors with partly overlapping and sometimes competing competencies that enable manifold possibilities for complementary partnerships and relatively high, but still scarce financial resources, the durability of foundations becomes their most important characteristic. As a result, cultural foundations take a more conservative approach than foundations in other fields. Typically set up with rather small endowments and with an operating focus, they are built to serve niches of cultural supply and demand that gives them versatile manifestations that have in common the goal of preserving tradition.
Non-Price Effects of Mergers
Authors: Gundlach Gregory T. , Moss Diana L.
Published: April 2018

Mergers may impact price as well as non-price forms of competition in the form of product quality, variety, service, and innovation. This special issue of the Antitrust Bulletin examines the increasing importance of non-price dimensions of competition in merger analysis, the challenges that non-price effects pose for antitrust merger enforcement, and approaches for enhancing the analysis and role of non-price competition in merger enforcement decisions and competition policy responses. This is a critical discussion that informs the debate over the importance and adequacy of the consumer welfare standard, which is the prevailing standard for evaluating the competitive effects of mergers and nonmerger conduct.
Tensile and conductivity properties of epoxy composites containing carbon black and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Krieg Aaron S , King Julia A , Jaszczak David C , Miskoglu Ibrahim , Mills Owen P , Odegard Gregory M
Published: April 2018

Adding conductive fillers to an insulating polymer matrix produces composites with unique properties. Varying amounts of carbon black (0.33, 0.67, and 1 wt%) and graphene nanoplatelets (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were added to epoxy. In addition, a few carbon black/graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy formulations were also fabricated. The conductivity and tensile properties were determined and analyzed. The single filler composites containing 5 and 10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet and 0.33 wt% carbon black could be used for electrically insulating applications. Composites containing 15 and 20 wt% graphene nanoplatelet could be used for static dissipative applications. The following composites could be used for semi-conductive applications: 0.67 wt% carbon black/epoxy, 1 wt% carbon black/epoxy, 0.33 wt% carbon black/5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy, and 0.33 wt% carbon black/10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy. At the 95% confidence level, the combination of 0.33 wt% carbon black with 5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet caused the composite electrical resistivity (1/electrical conductivity) to significantly decrease from ∼1015 ohm-cm to ∼104 ohm-cm. It is likely that the highly branched, high surface area carbon black is forming an electrically conductive network with graphene nanoplatelets. Concerning single filler composites, adding ≤1 wt% carbon black did not significantly lower the composite tensile strain; however, adding graphene nanoplatelet did decrease tensile strain and increase modulus. One possible application for the 10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composite is in Polymer Core Composite Conductors for power transmission lines, which need to be electrically insulating, have improved thermal conductivity (increased from 0.2 to 0.3 W/m-K), increased tensile modulus (increased from 2.7 to 3.3 GPa), and good tensile strength (70 MPa) and strain (3.3%).
Pulp Regeneration by 3-dimensional Dental Pulp Stem Cell Constructs
Authors: Itoh Y. , Sasaki J.I. , Hashimoto M. , Katata C. , Hayashi M. , Imazato S.
Published: April 2018

Dental pulp regeneration therapy for the pulpless tooth has attracted recent attention, and clinical trial studies are underway with the tissue engineering approach. However, there remain many concerns, including the extended period for regenerating the dental pulp. In addition, the use of scaffolds increases the risk of inflammation and infection. To establish a basic technology for novel dental pulp regenerative therapy that allows transplant of pulp-like tissue, we attempted to fabricate scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Furthermore, we assessed viability of these 3D DPSC constructs for dental pulp regeneration through in vitro and in vivo studies. For the in vitro study, we obtained 3D DPSC constructs by shaping sheet-like aggregates of DPSCs with a thermoresponsive hydrogel. DPSCs within constructs remained viable even after prolonged culture; furthermore, 3D DPSC constructs possessed a self-organization ability necessary to serve as a transplant tissue. For the in vivo study, we filled the human tooth root canal with DPSC constructs and implanted it subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We found that pulp-like tissues with rich blood vessels were formed within the human root canal 6 wk after implantation. Histologic analyses revealed that transplanted DPSCs differentiated into odontoblast-like mineralizing cells at sites in contact with dentin; furthermore, human CD31–positive endothelial cells were found at the center of regenerated tissue. Thus, the self-organizing ability of 3D DPSC constructs was active within the pulpless root canal in vivo. In addition, blood vessel–rich pulp-like tissues can be formed with DPSCs without requiring scaffolds or growth factors. The technology established in this study allows us to prepare DPSC constructs with variable sizes and shapes; therefore, transplantation of DPSC constructs shows promise for regeneration of pulpal tissue in the pulpless tooth.
Using Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) Techniques to Examine the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Social Disorder
Authors: Yang Sue-Ming , Hinkle Joshua C. , Wyckoff Laura A.
Published: April 2018

Objectives:

Disorder has been measured by various data sources; however, little attention has been given to comparing the construct validity of different measures obtained through various methods in capturing social disorder and related phenomena.

Methods:

The multitrait-multimethod approach was used to triangulate the consistency between social disorder, prostitution and drug activity across resident surveys, systematic social observations, and police calls for service data.

Results:

Prostitution and drug activity showed convergent validity, while there was little evidence that social disorder was consistently measured across the three methods. None of the three social problem measures showed high discriminant validity. Drug activity seems to have highest trait-specific discriminant validity across measures, and prostitution is the most identifiable measure across data sources. Social disorder was found to have low discriminant validity. However, the agreement between databases varies across the type of social problems.

Conclusions:

Social disorder appears to the most difficult concept to define and measure consistently. The lack of correspondence across data sources cautions against the use of a single source of information in studying disorder. Future studies should explore the factors that shape perceptions of disorder and how to best measure disorder to test the broken windows thesis and related concepts.
The African spiny mouse (Acomys spp.) as an emerging model for development and regeneration
Authors: Pinheiro Gonçalo , Prata Diogo Filipe , Araújo Inês Maria , Tiscornia Gustavo
Published: April 2018

The African spiny mouse ( Acomys spp.) is an emerging animal model with remarkable biological characteristics that make it a subject of interest for a broad range of research fields. Typically a desert species adapted to a low-calorie diet, spiny mice develop diabetes-related symptoms when switched to high-energy diets. Spiny mice undergo relatively long gestation periods and have small litters of highly developed pups, making them an adequate model for late organogenesis and perinatal biology. Recently, they have been shown to have remarkable healing and regeneration capabilities, which make them unique among mammals. In this work, we describe our experience in housing a colony of African spiny mice and cover all basic aspects of feeding, maintenance and breeding for research purposes.
The Impact of Constructive and Destructive Leadership on Soldier’s Job Satisfaction
Authors: Fors Brandebo Maria , Österberg Johan , Berglund Anna Karin
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether constructive or destructive leadership behaviors are the best predictors of soldiers’ experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. Data were collected among 300 employed soldiers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the immediate leader’s constructive and destructive leadership, meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. The results show that the constructive leadership factor inspiration and motivation was the best predictor of both experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. None of the destructive leadership factors gave a significant contribution to the models although both the passive and active forms of destructive leadership showed a weak to moderate significant, negative correlation with experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction.
Increases in Emotional Intelligence After an Online Training Program Are Associated With Better Decision-Making on the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Alkozei Anna , Smith Ryan , Demers Lauren A. , Weber Mareen , Berryhill Sarah M. , Killgore William D. S.
Published: April 2018

Higher levels of emotional intelligence have been associated with better inter and intrapersonal functioning. In the present study, 59 healthy men and women were randomized into either a three-week online training program targeted to improve emotional intelligence ( n = 29), or a placebo control training program targeted to improve awareness of nonemotional aspects of the environment ( n = 30). Compared to placebo, participants in the emotional intelligence training group showed increased performance on the total emotional intelligence score of the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, a performance measure of emotional intelligence, as well as subscales of perceiving emotions and facilitating thought. Moreover, after emotional intelligence training, but not after placebo training, individuals displayed the ability to arrive at optimal performance faster (i.e., they showed a faster learning rate) during an emotion-guided decision-making task (i.e., the Iowa Gambling Task). More specifically, although both groups showed similar performance at the start of the Iowa Gambling Task from pre- to posttraining, the participants in the emotional intelligence training group learned to choose more advantageous than disadvantageous decks than those in the placebo training group by the time they reached the “hunch” period of the task (i.e., the point in the task when implicit task learning is thought to have occurred). Greater total improvements in performance on the Iowa Gambling Task from pre- to posttraining in the emotional intelligence training group were also positively correlated with pre- to posttraining changes in Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test scores, in particular with changes in the ability to perceive emotions. The present study provides preliminary evidence that emotional intelligence can be trained with the help of an online training program targeted at adults; it also suggests that changes in emotional intelligence, as a result of such a program, can lead to improved emotion-guided decision-making.
Examining inventions, shaping property: The savants and the French patent system
Authors: Baudry Jérôme
Published: April 2018

In 1791, the Loi relative aux découvertes utiles instituted a new patent system in France. Because patents were seen as the expression of the natural right of inventors, prior examination was abolished. However, only a few years after the law was passed, an unofficial examination was reinstated, and it was entrusted to the Comité Consultatif des Arts et Manufactures – a consultative body composed of prominent scientists. I analyze the political significance of the involvement of the savants in the patent system, and based on the archives of the Comité, I study the scope and practicalities of the examination process, paying close attention to the ways through which the savants of the Comité directly intervened in the writing and drawing of specifications. I show how a distinct regime of intellectual property emerged in France and how it was constructed by the interests and norms of scientists, eager as they were to distinguish ‘science’ from ‘industry’ and establish the superiority of the former over the latter.
Intergenerational and Personal Connectedness: Held Together in Christian Faith
Authors: Ponder Lina S.
Published: April 2018

Christianity is the predominant religious affiliation for Chinese Americans. The divide and loss of connectedness of cultural values between first and second generations has left both parties deeply grieved. Research has confirmed this intergenerational divide and the potential of Christian faith to help cohere the family unit. Notably, the influence of the new primary culture of Christianity may enable a way for the two generations to better understand one another. In addition to the church providing a new model for the strengthening of familial relationships, it is suggested that the enhanced ability for mentalization developed through one’s relationship with God and connecting self-states may also translate to the improvement of personal and family connectedness. This article presents a case of a second-generation Christian Chinese American woman who found links of connection with her first-generation immigrant parents and between the multiplicity of her identity through her Christian faith.
The meaning of doing
Authors: Harper Robin A
Published: April 2018

Governments write us into being by compelling the public to fill in tiny boxes on forms revealing our most private information. These personal details become matters of public record. What if students thought about how writing in public administration shapes us? In the spring of 2015, my Public Administration class joined with New York City Historic Houses Trust and its LatimerNOW project a not-for-profit organization affiliated with the New York City Parks department whose goal is to reimagine the use of historic house museums, Louis Latimer House and Writing On It All (a participatory art not-for-profit exploring space and identity through writing) to learn public administration through participation in a public participatory art project. The immediate goal was for the students to use public administration theory to design, implement, participate and evaluate a one-day project. The hope was to offer a chance to practice on a real project in a safe space so that they could later use the skills once they were employed in public administration (and the stakes were higher). I engaged reflective practice to get them to move from theory to practical application, forcing them to defend and make explicit their administrative choices, thus offering a common vocabulary for critical conversations about the process and the results. In this article, I describe the experience and critically evaluate how reflective practice can add to the teaching and learning of public administration.
Leveraging the Social Role of Dad to Change Gender Stereotypes of Men
Authors: Park Bernadette , Banchefsky Sarah
Published: April 2018

Trait stereotypes of men tend to be more fixed and negative than those of women. The current studies test whether stereotypes of men can be shifted through leveraging their social role as fathers. Trait attributes perceived to characterize women and moms were highly redundant, but those of men and dads were less so; moreover, men were perceived more negatively than dads, women, and moms (Study 1). Perceivers for whom the social role father was made salient rated men more similarly to dads, and no less similarly to men, and rated men more positively relative to a control condition (Study 2). Finally, among men, a threat to the category men resulted in greater opposition to benevolent social policies, but not if the social role father was primed (Study 3). Discussion focuses on positive consequences of increasing the psychological connection between men and fatherhood.
Integrated protection of humans and the environment: a view from Japan
Authors: Sakai K.
Published: April 2018

Six and a half years after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, an area of existing exposure situation remains. One of the main concerns of people is the higher level of ionising radiation than before the accident, although this is not expected to have any discernible health effect. Since the accident, several ‘abnormalities’ in environmental organisms have been reported. It is still not clear if these abnormalities were induced by radiation. It appears that the impact of the released radioactivity has not been sufficient to threaten the maintenance of biological diversity, the conservation of species, or the health and status of natural habitats, which are the focus in environmental protection. This highlights a difference between the protection of humans and protection of the environment (individuals for humans and populations/species for the environment). The system for protection of the environment has been developed with a similar approach as the system for protection of humans. Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) were introduced to connect exposure and doses in a way similar to that for Reference Male and Reference Female. RAPs can also be used as a tool to associate the level of radiation (dose rate) with the biological effects on an organism. A difference between the protection of humans and that of the environment was identified: an effect on humans is measured in terms of dose, and an effect on the environment is measured in terms of dose rate. In other words, protection criteria for humans are expressed in term of dose (as dose limits, dose constraints, and reference levels), whereas those for the environment are expressed in terms of dose rate (as derived consideration reference levels).
Agency and will in Agamben’s coming politics
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: April 2018

Those commentators who accept that Agamben offers an affirmative political project tend to hold that its realization depends upon pre-personal messianic or ontological alterations. I argue that there is another option based around the notion of individual agency that has received relatively little attention, but which clarifies whether or not Agamben holds that the transition is one that agents can participate in. By engaging with the texts “On Potentiality,” “Bartleby, or On Contingency,” and Opus Dei, I first show that he develops a notion of potentiality that he claims not only underpins willing, but is also defined by an indeterminate contingency between action and non-action that undermines the binary opposition between willed action and non-action that sustains biopolitics. I then turn to the discussions of praxis, work, and poiesis in The Man without Content to determine whether Agamben thinks that other non-will-based forms of activity can contribute to the deactivation of biopolitics and, indeed, highlight his apparent support for thought-as-poiesis. This, however, seems to establish a binary opposition between thought-as-poiesis and will that, by way of conclusion, I question by claiming that Agamben relies upon a reductionist conception of will that fails to distinguish between “will-as-instrument” and “will-as-impetus” and, as a consequence, is unable to recognize that whereas thought-as-poiesis breaks with the former sense of will, it depends on the latter. An act of will, therefore, contributes to the transition to the coming politics and given the intimate bond between thought-as-poiesis and the coming politics and, indeed, the diachronic nature of the latter, will, so I argue, be carried over into the coming politics.
Deporting “Bad Hombres”? The Profile of Deportees under Widespread Versus Prioritized Enforcement
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Puttitanun Thitima , Martinez-Donate Ana P.
Published: April 2018

US President Trump’s administration has vowed to boost immigration enforcement to get rid of “bad hombres,” or undocumented immigrants with criminal records. Using past data on the alleged detention motives for a representative sample of Mexican deportees, we evaluate how prior widespread and prioritized enforcement has fared in that regard. We find that while the early sweeping approach to enforcement raised deportees’ propensity of being detained for minor offenses, the trend reversed with prioritized enforcement. These findings inform policy tactics that, aside from proving effective in prioritizing serious criminal offenses, can also lead to significant savings to taxpayers.
The relation between changes in maternal sensitivity and attachment from infancy to 3 years
Authors: Manning Leah B.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine whether children’s attachment status changed as a function of changes in maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years. This study used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development and included 1,016 participants with attachment and maternal sensitivity data when the children were 15, 24, and 36 months of age. Results indicated that (1) concurrent measures of maternal sensitivity and attachment status were weakly associated. This association was strongest at 24 and 36 months and was predominantly accounted for by more sensitive maternal behavior predicting secure status. (2) A direct but weak relation was found between slopes of change in maternal sensitivity and changes in attachment status. And (3) multiple time points of maternal sensitivity jointly predicted changes in attachment, especially maternal sensitivity at 24 and 36 months. The findings of this study suggest that the influence of changes in parental sensitivity on child attachment is best understood in the context of ongoing parent–child interactions beginning in toddlerhood.
The Big 5 and relationship maintenance on Facebook
Authors: Seidman Gwendolyn
Published: April 2018

The current study examined associations between the Big 5, relationship maintenance activities on Facebook (public displays and partner surveillance), and Facebook-related relationship difficulties (conflict and jealousy). Two hundred fifty-seven individuals currently involved in romantic relationships completed an online survey assessing Facebook activity and the Big 5. Greater extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with higher frequency of displays of dyadic photographs and posts on one’s own or one’s partner’s Facebook page. High extraversion, low openness, and low conscientiousness were associated with engaging in excessive public displays on Facebook. High extraversion and neuroticism were associated with greater partner surveillance and Facebook-related conflict. Neuroticism was also associated with more Facebook-induced jealousy. Surveillance mediated the associations between these two traits and these negative outcomes. Openness and conscientiousness were associated with experiencing fewer negative outcomes of Facebook use.
Sectoral and geographical mobility of workers after large establishment cutbacks or closures
Authors: Eriksson Rikard H , Hane-Weijman Emelie , Henning Martin
Published: April 2018

This paper studies redundant workers’ industrial and geographical mobility, and the consequences of post-redundancy mobility for regional policy strategies. This is accomplished by means of a database covering all workers who became redundant in major shutdowns or cutbacks in Sweden between 1990 and 2005. Frequencies of industrial and geographical mobility are described over time, and the influence of some important characteristics that make workers more likely to be subject to particular forms of mobilities are assessed. We find that re-employment rates vary extensively across industries and time. Whereas going back to the same or related industries is the most common re-employment strategy among workers who find a new job in the first year, workers who do not benefit from quick re-employment are increasingly squeezed out to new job fields and regions. Older workers and workers with high vested interest in their original industries usually employ a ‘same-industry/same-region’ strategy. This most frequent, and perhaps often most attractive, same-industry strategy comes at a cost, however. Individuals who instead pursue other mobility strategies have a lower risk of suffering from another major redundancy in the future. Thus, in terms of regional policy, strategies promoting diversification to related industries after major redundancies seem to be much more important than trying to retain workers in their old industry. In this case the route via education (university or vocational training) is important, as it increases the likelihood of successfully changing industry at time of re-employment.
A new approach to assessing vulnerability of mountain highways subject to debris flows in China
Authors: Zou Qiang , Cui Peng , Zhou Gordon GD , Li Shusong , Tang Jianxi , Li Shuai
Published: April 2018

Mountain highways in China are located in various natural geographical areas with intense tectonic activity, steep topography and a high frequency of extreme precipitation events. These conditions make the highways vulnerable to the occurrence of multiple large debris flows simultaneously during heavy rainfall. To manage this hazard risk, a broader understanding of the hazard effects of debris flows and the vulnerability of highways is needed to reduce the losses resulting from these hazardous events. Accordingly, we analysed the effects of debris flow hazards on mountain highways and established an updated systematic indicator system to describe the vulnerability of highway infrastructure and movable hazard-affected objects. Next, we proposed a new integrated model of highway vulnerability based on the environmental sensibility, structural properties and functional effects of the highway infrastructure and on the exposure probability and quantity of movable hazard-affected objects. By analysing the characteristics of elements affected by debris flows, we developed a systematic and quantitative method of vulnerability assessment for mountain highways. Finally, this implemented method was applied to a case study in the Xiqu section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, an area seriously affected by debris flows during each rainy season. The hazard characteristics of disasters were analysed, and the affected highway sections were divided into four vulnerability levels. The analysis of the results indicated that the calculated vulnerability coincides with the actual effects of the disaster, which strongly suggests that the vulnerability assessment generated by the proposed method can serve as a pertinent guide for route selection, road rehabilitation and hazard mitigation of highways affected by debris flows in mountainous regions.
Forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates – A review
Authors: Thirukumaran M , Siva I , Jappes JT Winowlin , Manikandan V
Published: April 2018

In aviation industries, most of the stiffened structural components are manufactured by forming and laminating process. Combination of several conventional manufacturing processes is required in modern industries in hybrid laminate production. Fiber metal laminates undergo various joining process during assembly of aero-structures. Among them, forming and drilling are often required during assembly. Understanding the significance of various process parameters enables quality production and assembly of fiber metal laminates structures. Many researchers explored the cause and effect of few parameters and mechanisms which significantly alter the quality of form and drill. This review describes the progress in forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates for aerospace applications. Especially towards the process parameters, defects and their causes along with the preferred solutions recommended by the researcher society in forming and drilling processes. Numerous factors have controlled the quality of forming and drilling processes. Due to the machining parameters, different failure modes will occur in different layup of the laminates. To overcome the failures in machining/forming of fiber metal laminates, choosing the optimum parameter for the selection based procedure is needed to improve quality of fiber metal laminates.
Effects of co-exposure to lead and zinc on redox status, kidney variables, and histopathology in adult albino rats
Authors: Soussi Ahlem , Gargouri Manel , El Feki Abdelfattah
Published: April 2018

Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of biochemical and physiological effects in humans. Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in Pb toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of zinc (Zn) supplement against lead acetate–induced kidney injury in rats. In this study, adults male rats were treated for 15 days with Pb (0.344 g/kg body weight (bw)) associated or not with Zn (10 mg/kg bw). Our study showed that supplementation with Zn prevented renal dysfunction as indicated by plasma biomarkers (urea, uric acid, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels) and oxidative stress–related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein product, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamins (A, E)) in kidney tissue. The corrective effect of Zn on Pb-induced kidney nephrotoxicity recovered normal kidney histology. Overall, this study indicates that Zn alleviated the toxic effects of this heavy metal on renal tissue, suggesting its role as a potential antioxidant and nephroprotective agent.
Prescription Drug Misuse and Child Maltreatment Among High-Risk Families
Authors: Wolf Jennifer Price
Published: April 2018

Prescription drug misuse is increasingly common in the United States. To date, little is known about how prescription drug misuse relates to negative parenting behaviors like child maltreatment, even though use of illicit drugs increases rates of both child neglect and physical abuse. This study used secondary data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS), a clustered national sample of families at high risk for both prescription drug misuse and child maltreatment ( n = 2,917). Data from mothers who participated in the 9-year follow-up of this study were used to create logistic regression models examining prescription drug misuse and physically aggressive and neglectful parenting, while controlling for demographic and psychosocial variables. Black, non-Hispanic mothers and mothers in worse health had higher odds of physically aggressive parenting. Mothers in worse health and those who used other illicit drugs had greater odds of neglectful parenting. There were no relationships between prescription drug misuse and either parenting outcome. The findings do not provide evidence that prescription drug misuse is a risk factor for child maltreatment. Further research examining this issue and potential progression from prescription drug misuse to other illicit drug use could help clarify whether this behavior is related to negative outcomes for children.
A Comparison of Ukrainian Labor Migration in the Czech Republic and Poland
Authors: Prát Šárka , Bui Thu Minh
Published: April 2018

The process of migration has been the subject of extensive debates throughout Europe. Migration patterns are constantly changing in our current globalized economy; therefore, it is insufficient to assume that countries sharing cultural, geographical, and linguistic similarities experience synchronised migration flows. This article attempts to contribute to the understanding of one of the most dominant migration streams from Eastern Europe, specifically the movement from Ukraine to the Czech Republic and Poland. The period of interest follows the accession of the destination countries into the EU between 2004 and 2014. The results show that Ukraine suffers from much worse economic and social conditions than Poland and the Czech Republic. GDP growth, unemployment, and the poverty rate are three important indicators that explain why there has been such a large influx of Ukrainians into the host countries. While educational attainment was also massively deficient in Ukraine, it appears this is a reflection of the institutional failure of the Ukrainian education system, thus leading to the education–occupation mismatch of Ukrainian migrant workers. Despite the fact that Poland and the Czech Republic are linguistically, culturally, and geographically close, the immigration flow from Ukraine has behaved very differently in each case; for instance, the most notable contrast reveals that migration to the Czech Republic, but not to Poland, was substantially affected by economic crises.
Are Financial Incentives for Lifestyle Behavior Change Informed or Inspired by Behavioral Economics? A Mapping Review
Authors: McGill Bronwyn , O’Hara Blythe J. , Bauman Adrian , Grunseit Anne C. , Phongsavan Philayrath
Published: April 2018

Objective:

To identify the behavioral economics (BE) conceptual underpinnings of lifestyle financial incentive (FI) interventions.

Data Source:

A mapping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted by searching electronic databases.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria were real-world FI interventions explicitly mentioning BE, targeting individuals, or populations with lifestyle-related behavioral outcomes. Exclusion criteria were hypothetical studies, health professional focus, clinically oriented interventions.

Data Extraction:

Study characteristics were tabulated according to purpose, categorization of BE concepts and FI types, design, outcome measures, study quality, and findings.

Data Synthesis and Analysis:

Financial incentives were categorized according to type and payment structure. Behavioral economics concepts explicitly used in the intervention design were grouped based on common patterns of thinking. The interplay between FI types, BE concepts, and outcome was assessed.

Results:

Seventeen studies were identified from 1452 unique records. Analysis showed 76.5% (n = 13) of studies explicitly incorporated BE concepts. Six studies provided clear theoretical justification for the inclusion of BE. No pattern in the type of FI and BE concepts used was apparent.

Conclusions:

Not all FI interventions claiming BE inclusion did so. For interventions that explicitly included BE, the degree to which this was portrayed and woven into the design varied. This review identified BE concepts common to FI interventions, a first step in providing emergent and pragmatic information to public health and health promotion program planners.
Availability and Use of Workplace Supports for Health Promotion Among Employees of Small and Large Businesses
Authors: Dale Ann Marie , Enke Chris , Buckner-Petty Skye , Hipp James Aaron , Marx Christine , Strickland Jaime , Evanoff Bradley
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To explore the availability and utilization of workplace health supports by employees of small and large-sized employers.

Design:

Cross-sectional, telephone-based interviews collected on 16 workplace health supports for physical activity and diet.

Setting:

Participants selected by random-digit-dialing from 4 metropolitan areas of Missouri employees from 2012 to 2013.

Participants:

Two thousand fifteen working adults.

Methods:

We explored the availability and use of supports by employer size (<100 employees vs ≥100 employees), accounting for industry and personal factors.

Analysis:

We examined distributions and Poisson regression models of availability for supports by employer size and by industry and use of supports by employer size and personal factors.

Results:

One-fifth of the 1796 employees were employed by small-sized employers. Large employers offered more supports than small (mean: 6 vs 3), but a higher proportion of employees of small-sized employers used supports when available (59% vs 47%). The differences in offered supports between industries were not due to size alone. In regard to the determinants of participation, the personal factors of gender, age, weight, and income were associated with participation in 10 of the supports. Employer size was also associated with participation in 10 supports. No associations were found between personal factors or workplace size and participation for 3 supports.

Conclusion:

A higher proportion of employees working for smaller businesses use available supports than employees of larger businesses. Supports offered by employers should target the needs and interests of the workforce, particularly for the higher risk low-income employees.
Magnetohydrodynamic squeezing two-phase flow of particulate suspension in a rotating channel with transpiration cooling
Authors: Mahanthesh B , Gireesha BJ , Thammanna GT , Hayat T , Alsaedi A
Published: April 2018

This article addresses the time-dependent two-phase magnetohydrodynamic squeezing flow of dusty liquid. The fluid flow is considered in a rotating channel. The flow is constructed by squeezing of an upper plate and stretching of the lower plate and relevant equations are obtained. Numerical results are computed by utilizing shooting method along with the RK–Fehlberg scheme. The obtained solutions are validated by comparison with the existing analytical solutions. The effects of pertinent parameters on velocities of both phases are comprehensively discussed through graphical results. The numerical values of shear stress of both phases at lower and upper walls are also tabulated. Furthermore, the slope of the linear regression line through data points is determined in order to quantify the increase/decrease. Numerical simulations disclosed that the normal and transverse velocities are decreased due to stronger Coriolis force. It is also established that the velocities of the fluid phase are higher than that of the dust phase
Two-time-scales and time-averaging approaches for the analysis of cyclic creep based on Armstrong–Frederick type constitutive model
Authors: Altenbach Holm , Breslavsky Dmitry , Naumenko Konstantin , Tatarinova Oksana
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is the analysis of inelastic behavior under periodic cyclic loading regimes for materials showing recovery effects. Starting with the Armstrong–Frederick type model and applying the two-time-scale asymptotic technique, the constitutive equation for the mean inelastic strain rate and the evolution equation for the mean backstress variable are derived. The advantage of the presented technique is the closed analytical form of the solutions such that the influence of the loading profiles on the resulting slow cycle-by-cycle strain accumulation can be analyzed explicitly. To validate the derived equations, the original constitutive model is integrated numerically by applying the time-step procedure for various cyclic loading profiles. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate cyclic creep behavior of X20CrMoV12-1 heat resistant steel.
Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a train subjected to different ground conditions
Authors: Niu Ji-qiang , Liang Xi-feng , Zhou Dan , Wang Yue-ming
Published: April 2018

Due to the rapid development of high-speed railways and the increasing speed of trains, the aerodynamic phenomenon caused by moving trains could be affected. Therefore, the scaled model test has been widely used to simulate the aerodynamic performance of the stationary train in wind tunnel. However, it is difficult to disregard the influence of the ground effect on the aerodynamic performance of trains. In this study, the delayed detached eddy simulation based on the shear stress transport κ–ω turbulence model is used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of trains on three ground conditions (stationary floor + stationary ballast, stationary ground + stationary ballast, and stationary ballast). The numerical method used in this paper is verified by a wind tunnel test. The way the three ground conditions influence the flow field around the train is also analyzed. The results show that the ground condition affects the thickness of the ballast boundary layers without a train, thickness of the train boundary layers, train drag, distribution of pressure and velocity along the train, and the size of the wake region; however, the ground condition had a little effect on the flow structures around the train tail. These findings can help in designing the wind tunnel experiment.
The establishment and verification of kinematic equation of all link centroid of the manipulator mounted on a satellite
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Zhu Zhanxia , Tang Biwei , Yuan Jianping
Published: April 2018

When using space robot to capture target like failed satellite, the force impulse between the target and the end-effector of space robot will load the base satellite with additional momentum abruptly. When capture happens, the pre-impact configuration can influence augmentations of partial momentum of the base and the manipulator. In order to realize a pre-impact configuration, which can reduce the partial momentum augmentations, the control of all link centroid together with end-effector by path planning is very important. In this paper, we establish a basic velocity kinematic equation for all link centroid, which describes the basic linear kinematic relationship between the linear velocity of all link centroid and linear and angular velocities of the base, joint angular velocity of the manipulator, where this basic velocity kinematic equation can be developed into kinematic equations for all link centroid under different kinds of working modes such as free-floating working mode. All link centroid can be controlled by path planning with this equation. Besides, velocity kinematic equation for all link centroid of space robot under a specific working mode is similar to the velocity kinematic equation for end-effector of space robot under the same working mode, so all link centroid can be controlled together with end-effector by path planning. We have derived velocity kinematic equations for all link centroid of space robot with a free-floating base and a fixed base. Both of them are verified by numerical simulations. The motions of position and attitude of the base and the manipulator end caused by all link centroid motion are also shown by simulation study. We also realize the simultaneous path tracking of all link centroid and end-effector for a fixed base space robot.
Flow mechanism of affecting an axial flow compressor performance and stability with cross-blade slot casing treatments
Authors: Zhang HaoGuang , Zhang XuDong , Wu YanHui , Chu WuLi , Kuang HaiYang
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cross-blade slot casing treatment on the stability and performance of an axial flow compressor rotor. The experimental and unsteady calculated results both show that cross-blade slot casing treatment can generate about 22% stall margin improvement, and the compressor peak efficiency is reduced by about 13%. The detailed flow-field analyses indicate that the sucked and injected flow caused by the slots of cross-blade slot casing treatment can restrain the rotor tip passage blockage, which is made by the low energy tip clearance leakage vortex. When cross-blade slot casing treatment is applied, not only the rotor wheel flange work becomes lower in most of the rotor blade span, but also the flow loss in the blade tip passage becomes fairly large due to the strong interaction between the mainstream and the injected flows made by the slots. As a result, the compressor total pressure ratio and efficiency for cross-blade slot casing treatment are reduced obviously. Three kinds of new cross-blade slot casing treatment were designed according to the previous successful experience and investigated in this paper. The numerical results show that the new three cross-blade slot casing treatments both generate about 54% stall margin improvement at the cost of minor peak efficiency. For one new cross-blade slot casing treatment (CSCT2), the compressor peak efficiency is reduced by about 0.3%. The low energy TLV, which is present for cross-blade slot casing treatment, is removed by the strong sucked flow made by CSCT2. Moreover, the interaction between the mainstream and the injected flows caused by CSCT2 becomes weak obviously, and the corresponding flow loss is reduced greatly. Hence, the compressor stability and performance with CSCT2 are higher than those with cross-blade slot casing treatment.
A Combination of NT-4/5 and GDNF Is Favorable for Cultured Human Nigral Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Di Santo Stefano , Meyer Morten , Ducray Angélique D. , Andereggen Lukas , Widmer Hans R.
Published: April 2018

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically manifested by cardinal motor symptoms including tremor at rest, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity. Transplantation of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is an experimental therapy for PD, however, it is limited by suboptimal integration and low survival of grafts. Pretreatment of donor tissue may offer a strategy to improve properties of transplanted DAergic neurons and thereby clinical outcome. We have previously shown that a combination of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) demonstrated additive effects on rat ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue. The present study investigated the effects of NT-4/5 and GDNF as single factors, or in combination on DAergic neurons, in organotypic explant cultures of fetal human ventral mesencephalon. For that purpose, free-floating roller-tube cultures were prepared from VM and the equally sized pieces grown for 1 week in the presence or absence of neurotrophic factors. Both neurotrophic factors increased dopamine content in the culture medium and in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, most prominently after combined GDNF + NT-4/5 treatment. Culture volumes did not differ between groups while content of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium was moderately reduced in all treated groups. In conclusion, we identified that a combination of GDNF and NT-4/5 robustly promoted differentiation and survival of human fetal VM DAergic neurons, an observation with potential promising impact for cell replacement approaches in PD.