bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education and Risk Management in the Czech Healthcare Facilities: Case of Nurses' Education about Patients' Disability
Authors: Neugebauer Jan , Vokoun Marek
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the symbiotic relationship between education and risk
management within Czech healthcare facilities, specifically focusing on nurses' education
regarding patients' disabilities. On the sample of 1,200 respondents from Czech healthcare
facilities, the survey results suggest that education levels significantly shape risk awareness,
tool utilization, and risk integration. While positive trends are evident in the healthcare sector,
concerns linger around interpreting assessment results, information sufficiency, and the
shortening of nurses’ education. This study's broader implications inform ongoing
discussions on nursing education and its impact on patient care quality. It underscores the
essential role of comprehensive education in cultivating critical thinking, adept risk
management, and patient-centered care. The study sets the stage for continued discourse and
policy considerations, reinforcing patient safety, staff competence, and healthcare system
resilience.
A Study on Deviations in the Poem 'Reported Missing'
Authors: Enping Tang
Published: November 2023

In literary stylistics, "deviation" is a crucial technique in poetic creation, where breaking linguistic norms can produce a foregrounding effect, thereby highlighting a poem's theme. Barry Cole's "Reported Missing" is a narrative poem abundant with deviations. It tells the story of an unsuccessful dialogue between a police officer and a man searching for his missing lover. Since the language used by the two men is disparate, their conversation ends in vain. The woman remains missing as a result of their communication breakdown. This paper aims to uncover the sources of the failure by examining the deviations in this unsuccessful dialogue, including deviation in the domain, deviation in the medium of transmission, and deviation in the tenor of discourse. These linguistic deviations represent the dramatic conflicts between the objective and subjective world, sparking reflection on the subjective beauty of one's emotions and the harsh objective reality.
Nadir Hastalıklar ve Hemşirelik
Authors: ÖZER Serap , AY Adile
Published: November 2023

Nadir hastalıklar 10.000'de beşten az kişiyi etkileyen hastalıklar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu hastalıklar görünürde az sayıda kişiyi etkilese de yüksek morbidite, mortalite oranlarına sahiptir ve tedavi kaynaklarının kısıtlı olduğu klinik bir tablo oluşturmaktadır. Çoğunun etkili bir tedavisi yoktur ve karmaşık bir bakım süreci gerektirmektedir. Multidisipliner yaklaşım diğer hastalık gruplarında olduğu gibi nadir hastalıklarda da oldukça önemlidir. Hemşireler bu noktada eğitim, savunuculuk, araştırmacı, yönetici, danışman rolleri ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda hastaların hastalık algısında pozitif yönde iyileşmeler sağlayabilmektedir. Bakım sürecinin tamamında hemşirelerin kilit rolleri göz önüne alındığında; güncel kaynakların oluşturulması önemli noktalardandır. Bu derleme makalenin; nadir hastalıklarda etkili bakım yönetiminin sağlanması sürecinde hemşirelere kaynak oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Influence of a Supervised and Unsupervised Strength and Conditioning Program for Elite Adolescent Freestyle Swimmers
Authors: Evans Stuart , Gahreman Daniel
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Adolescent high school swimmers, aged 13-16 years, are an athletic population that can benefit from a strength and conditioning (S&C) program which caters for their developmental and sports-specific needs. The aim of this case study was to analyze the adherence to and subsequent effect of a short-term (12-week) combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program in elite adolescent swimmers during a competitive season.
Methods: Seven elite adolescent swimmers (4 females, 3 males) completed the study (age: 15.2 ± 0.5 years; mass: 64.5 ± 5.1 kg; stature: 1.76 ± 0.07 m). The participants were required to adhere to one supervised S&C session and two unsupervised S&C sessions per week that were performed on non-consecutive days while maintaining their traditional swimming training schedules. The unsupervised component was delivered digitally with participant feedback monitored. The S&C program consisted of upper- and lower limbs exercises with low loads and low volume as well as bodyweight exercise. Adherence to both programs was measured by attendance with correlational analysis conducted from total S&C program adherence to swim performance. The effect of the S&C training protocol was assessed using performance time pre and post the S&C intervention during the 50-m freestyle swim.
Results: The S&C training program intervention resulted in significant improvements in the 50-m freestyle swim (p < 0.001, d = >1). Total adherence to the supervised and unsupervised parts of the S&C program was 88% while adherence to the digital only component was 76%. Although a correlation was observed between total adherence to the combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program (r = 0.8, p = 0.0243) and improved 50 m freestyle swim performance, this was not the case when the unsupervised component was compared to swim time performance (r = 0.4, p = 0.679).
Conclusions: This case study demonstrated that a 12-week S&C intervention has a positive effect on elite adolescents’ 50 m freestyle swim performance. Furthermore, swim performance was improved when participant adherence to both formats of the S&C program were met.  This study supports the development of S&C interventions to develop these correlates and increase adherence.
Cuantificación de ácido domoico en moluscos bivalvos de las Costas Chilenas y su relación con el nivel internacionalmente aceptado
Authors: Hernández R. Esteban , Ilabaca S. Javier , Montoya C Irene , López R. Dr. Americo
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Los estallidos de marea roja a lo largo de las Costas Chilenas han mostrado un importante impacto en la salud pública y son un constante peligro para la industria pesquera nacional. Esto debido a que en ellos se ha detectado la presencia de la biotoxina de origen marino potencialmente tóxica ácido domoico, también denominado veneno amnésico de mariscos (VAM). Internacionalmente se ha establecido como límite regulatorio para el ácido domoico 20 μg/g de marisco. Es por esto, que hemos considerado importante el determinar si las detecciones de ácido domoico en nuestro país se encuentran dentro de los límites fijados internacionalmente.
Métodos: La determinación analítica del ácido domoico fue realizada por HPLC/UV, implementada en nuestro laboratorio.
Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos son: del total de muestras positivas (822), 746 (90,8%) tienen concentraciones de ácido domoico menor a 20 μg/g, y 76 (9,2%) tienen concentraciones mayores de 20 μg/g.
Conclusiones: Estos resultados revelan que cerca del 10% de las muestras analizadas poseen niveles claramente superiores al límite regulatorio establecido internacionalmente, poniéndose de manifiesto la necesidad de monitorizar constantemente las Costas Chilenas, puesto que en nuestro país la presencia de ácido domoico constituye un alto riesgo para la salud pública y economía de nuestro país.
Diferencias genéricas en cáncer cutáneo
Authors: Zemelman D. Viviana , Roa A. Johanna , Díaz A. Christian
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Durante la última década se ha registrado un incremento del cáncer cutáneo a nivel mundial. En estudios preliminares del tipo de piel en la población chilena, se observó que las mujeres tenían una piel más blanca que los hombres. Este hecho nos motivó a estudiar las diferencias genéricas de importancia en la epidemiología del cáncer cutáneo en Chile.
Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 1474 tumores (949 carcinoma basocelular (CBC), 435 carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), 90 melanomas malignos (MM)), correspondientes a 752 mujeres y 722 hombres. Los tumores se analizaron por género, según ubicación en zonas fotoexpuestas (FE) y en zonas no fotoexpuestas (noFE) y según histología, en agresivos y no agresivos. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el test de Chi cuadrado.
Resultados: El 85% de los tumores estaban en zonas FE y 73% eran no agresivos. No se observaron diferencias en la distribución por género en MM y CBC, sin embargo, se observó un mayor número de CEC en hombres (p<0.05). En las zonas FE, existirían más mujeres con CBC y MM (p<0.05) y, por el contrario, existirían más hombres con CEC (p<0.05). En las zonas noFE no se observaron diferencias significativas. En cuanto a la agresividad se evidenció que en el total de tumores, los hombres presentan más tumores agresivos que las mujeres (p<0.05).
Conclusiones: Las diferencias genéricas evidenciadas en este estudio no pueden ser atribuidas sólo al distinto fenotipo de piel entre hombres y mujeres, siendo importante considerar los diferentes patrones de exposición solar tanto como la influencia de factores intrínsecos propios de la fisiopatología de cada tumor.
Costos del procuramiento renal en Chile
Authors: González I Rodrigo , González I Felipe , Hevia K. María Jesús , Jiménez P. Oscar , Palacios J. J. Manuel
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: El procuramiento de órganos es un proceso fundamental para el trasplante. Como en todas las prestaciones de salud es necesario conocer los costos de estas acciones para la obtención del financiamiento suficiente. El procuramiento renal es financiado por FONASA que entrega un monto fijo cuando un riñón procurado es implantado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer cuales son los costos reales del procuramiento renal nacional.
Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo entre 1996 y 1999 de costos fijos y variables, prorrateados por número total de riñones procurados (unidad de producción).
Resultados: El costo unitario es de $930.000 pesos (USD 1.735) en el año 1999. Existe variabilidad anual.
Conclusiones: El costo unitario disminuye por la mayor eficiencia del uso de los costos fijos. Algunos costos se encuentran subvalorados, dado que ciertas prestaciones son hechas como acciones de beneficencia. Esta actividad requiere de financiamiento adecuado para persistir y satisfacer la creciente demanda.
Estudio de litiasis biliar con endosonografía
Authors: Ossandón V. Diego , Navarrete M. José Manuel , Muñoz D. Pablo , Palma C. Cristián , Ponce D.L. Rodrigo
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: La endosonografía (EUS) es una técnica de reciente difusión en nuestro medio. Diversos estudios muestran una alta confiabilidad diagnóstica y menor morbilidad asociada en comparación con una técnica invasiva como la colangiografía endoscópica retrógrada (ERCP), actualmente considerada gold standard para el diagnóstico de esta patología. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la eficacia de la EUS en el diagnóstico de colédocolitiasis.
Métodos: Desde marzo de 1998 hasta septiembre de 2000 se reclutaron 53 pacientes con sospecha Clínica y de laboratorio de colédocolitiasis. 38 pacientes completaron el estudio, siendo sometidos en primera instancia a una EUS y luego a ERCP o colangiografía intraoperatoria para obtener el diagnóstico de certeza. El instrumento utilizado corresponde a un endosonógrafo Olympus con visión radial de 360° y transductor de 7.5 MHz. Todos los casos fueron debidamente registrados mediante fotografía y videos.
Resultados: La EUS obtuvo una sensibilidad de 70,6% y una especificidad de 90,6% en el diagnóstico de colédocolitiasis. El valor predictivo positivo alcanzado fue de 85,7% y el valor predictivo negativo fue 79,2%. No hubo complicaciones ni mortalidad en los pacientes sometidos a EUS.
Conclusiones: La EUS es un método eficaz en el diagnóstico de colédocolitiasis, alcanzando en nuestra experiencia valores de sensibilidad y especificidad aceptables pero menores a los publicados en trabajos internacionales. Al ser un examen operador dependiente es de esperar que los resultados mejoren a medida que aumente la experiencia en esta técnica. La EUS resultó ser un examen seguro, sin morbimortalidad y con una tasa de éxito en la realización del procedimiento de un 100%. Su mayor utilidad clínica radica en la capacidad de poder seleccionar los pacientes que deben ser sometidos a ERCP o cirugía, ambos métodos terapéuticos con morbimortalidad asociada.
El tratamiento crónico con vino tinto disminuye el daño renal por rabdomiólisis
Authors: Castillo P. Rodrigo , House S. Matías , Carrasco L. Rodrigo , Lucero A. Yalda , Rodrigo S. Ramón
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: La falla renal mioglobinúrica se asocia a estrés oxidativo, lo que podría atenuarse por ingesta de vino.
Métodos: Ratas recibieron vino tinto por 10 semanas, los controles sólo bebieron agua. La rabdomiólisis fue causada por inyección intramuscular de glicerol al 50% (10 ml/Kg). Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante del plasma (FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma), creatininemia y nitrógeno ureico (BUN) y estrés oxidativo en riñón (lipoperoxidación, carbonilación de proteínas y actividad de enzimas antioxidantes).
Resultados: En el grupo control, la rabdomiólisis aumentó la lipoperoxidación, carbonilación de proteínas, creatinina y BUN. Estos efectos fueron atenuados por vino tinto, que elevó el FRAP en condiciones basales. Después de la inyección de glicerol, las actividades de catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa fueron significativamente mayores que los controles inyectados con glicerol.
Conclusiones: El vino tinto protege al riñón contra el daño oxidativo mioglobinúrico aumentando el FRAP y la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes renales.
Diferencias en el score de Gleason entre biopsias pre y post quirúrgicas en el adenocarcinoma prostático
Authors: Ledezma R. Rodrigo , Mira O. Magdalena , Rojas B. Juan , Cabezas C. Juan
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: El objetivo es determinar la discordancia entre el Gleason pre y post prostatectomía radical, especialmente los pobremente diferenciados, lo que podría indicar tratamientos asociados a la prostatectomía radical.
Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 49 pacientes con cáncer prostático localizado, sometidos a prostatectomía radical. Se evaluó discordancia anatomopatológica entre biopsias pre y postquirúrgicas.
Resultados: Se observó que 47,9% no tuvo diferencia en el score, el Gleason postoperatorio fue mayor 1,2,3 grados en 16,6%, 12,5% y 10,4% de los pacientes respectivamente, mientras que en un 12,6% fue menor. El 4,08% de las biopsias postoperatorias presentó Gleason >8 y de estas, en la mitad la biopsia preoperatoria presentaba score intermedio.
Conclusiones: El mejor tratamiento del cáncer prostático pobremente diferenciado es discutido. Encontramos un 4,08% de cáncer pobremente diferenciado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en los valores del Gleason entre las biopsias pre y postoperatorias, pero 2,04% presentó cambio desde grupo intermedio a alto, grupo que se beneficiaría con tratamientos asociados.
Hernioplastia laparoscópica extraperitoneal: estudio de las complicaciones 188 casos
Authors: Meruane Manuel , Martínez Cristina , Gormaz Juan Pablo
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Las hernias inguinales son causa prevalente de morbilidad quirúrgica, su resolución vía laparoscópica extraperitoneal (TEP) es una alternativa actual. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la incidencia de complicaciones enpacientes operados con esta técnica.
Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente a través de un protocolo de seguimiento a los pacientes operados en el Hospital del Salvador y en la Clínica Santa María, entre los años 1994 y 2002. Fueron incluidos los casos con Nyhus Tipo I, II, IIIa. Se estudiaron parámetros tanto operatorios como postoperatorios.
Resultados: De un número de 188 pacientes, 94,7% son de sexo masculino y con un promedio de edad de 49,9 años. Se registraron un 13% de complicaciones intraoperatorias. Un 3,7% presentó complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas. 1,6% requirió conversión. 1 paciente reoperado y 4 con recurrencia.
Discusión: Los resultados muestran un bajo índice de complicaciones lo que nos permite recomendar esta técnica como de elección para grupos seleccionados de pacientes.
Apendicitis aguda: revisión de 142 casos atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencia del Hospital del Salvador
Authors: Flores Martínez José Miguel , Palominos Letelier Evelyn Macarena , Milet Letelier María Beatriz , Narea Matamala Juan Rodrigo , Catan G. Felipe
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: El dolor abdominal es de los motivos de consulta más frecuente. En la Apendicitis aguda, de diagnóstico eminentemente clínico, se emplean múltiples métodos diagnósticos para su valoración.
Objetivos: Analizar evolución clínica, manejo y certeza diagnóstica de 142 casos de apendicitis aguda.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de casos de Apendicitis Aguda. Se obtuvieron 142 fichas clínicas aleatoriamente, siendo esquematizadas en un protocolo. Los datos fueron ingresados en el programa computacional SPSS 10 para Windows.
Resultados: Los diagnósticos preoperatorios y postoperatorios tuvieron correlación de 76,1%. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron dolor en el cuadrame inferior derecho, Blumberg localizado y migración del dolor. Días de hospitalización promedio 3,9 días. 42% presentó alguna complicación.
Discusión: El diagnóstico de apendicitis al aplicar estos parámetros mayormente clinicos es de alta certeza diagnóstica, sin embargo, encontramos que estos métodos clínicos no permiten discriminar en forma certera entre las posibles complicaciones de esta patología.
Márgenes quirúrgicos positivos en el adenocarcinoma prostático: análisis de factores preoperatorios
Authors: Ledezma Rojas Rodrigo , Mira Olivos Magdalena , Maluje Juri Rodrigo , Mondaca Cornejo Luis , Cabezas Juan
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Los márgenes quirúrgicos positivos se relacionan con la recidiva del cáncer prostático en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical. El objetivo es determinar la incidencia de ellos y su relación con factores preoperatorios.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 85 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer prostático localizado, sometidos a prostatectomía radical. Se registró edad, estadío tumoral, APE preoperatorio y grado de Gleason de la biopsia preoperatoria. Según compromiso de márgenes quirúrgicos, se dividió a los pacientes en un grupo test y otro control.
Resultados: La edad promedio fue 63,3 + 5,8 años. Se observó que un 38,8% fueron márgenes quirúrgicos positivos y un 61,2% fueronnegativos. El APE promedio fue 12,9 ng/ml. Los pacientes que presentaron márgenes positivos tenían un APE y un Score de Gleason mayor que los pacientes con márgenes quirúrgicos negativos, siendo ambas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a edad y estadío tumoral no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos.
Discusión: Estos datos indican que un APE muy elevado y un Score Gleason alto tienen influencia en la incidencia del compromiso de los márgenes quirúrgicos, lo cual influiría según la literatura en la recidiva de la enfermedad a largo plazo.
Evolución clínica de lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas que cursan infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas
Authors: Flores M. José Miguel , Gallardo E. Ángela , Selman Carolina , Sepúlveda Hernán , Palominos L. Evelyn
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Los lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas (CC) presentan enfermedad pulmonar con mayor frecuencia que los lactantes sanos.
Objetivo: Estudio de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) en pacientes con cardiopatias congénitas atendidos en el servicio de lactantes Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna.
Materiales y método: Se realizó estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Recolección de datos de fichas clínicas. Se elaboró protocolo de trabajo. Los datos fueron ingresados a una planilla Excel®.
Resultados: Total 45 casos, promedio edad 7.7 meses. CC más frecuentes fueron la comunicación interauricular y comunicación interventricular. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron las hospitalizaciones previas y la desnutrición. Requirió UCI 51.25%, 20% ventilación mecánica, 28.8% oxigeno mayor a 0.4. Complicaciones 71.15%, más frecuentes atelectasia y sobreinfección. La mortalidad 6.65% de los casos.
Discusión: Pacientes con cardiopatía congénita que cursan con cuadros respiratorios agudos bajos en un alto porcentaje evolucionan con complicaciones, sin embargo, la sobrevida es alta.
Patologías diagnosticadas en el Servicio de Urgencia de Futaleufú antes y después de la primera erupción del volcán Chaitén
Authors: Ayala Pardo Carlos Patricio , Espinoza García Esteban Fabián , Ruiz Ponce Marcelo Andrés , Gayoso Neira Roxana Marietta
Published: November 2023

Futaleufú, zona de aislamiento crítico, corresponde a una de las ciudades más afectadas por la erupción del volcán Chaitén, ubicado a menos de 50km. Es de interés comunitario realizar un estudio que compare las patologías de urgencia consultadas el año anterior a la erupción y el año posterior a ésta. Nuestro objetivo, será determinar el perfil de enfermedades consultadas en el Servicio de Urgencia del Hospital de Futaleufú durante los meses de mayo a octubre de 2007, en comparación con los meses de mayo a octubre de 2008. Para esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de los diagnósticos realizados en las consultas del Servicio de Urgencia de Futaleufú entre mayo y octubre de los años 2007 y 2008. Se excluyeron las consultas que no poseen datos biodemográficos, registrándose edad, sexo, fecha y diagnósticos de cada consulta, estos últimos siendo categorizados según la Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y otros Problemas de Salud (CIE-10). Se analizaron resultados utilizando MS Excel y MS Word. De 2195 diagnósticos realizados, 2162 (98,5%) poseen criterios de inclusión; Número de diagnósticos en 2007 y 2008 fueron 917 y 1245 respectivamente. Destaca mayo 2008 con el mayor número de diagnósticos: 303; Número por sexo. Masculino 2007: 400, masculino 2008: 559, femenino 2007: 517, femenino 2008: 686; Predominan patologías respiratorias en ambos años con 32,8% de consultas en 2007 y 34,7% en 2008. En conclusión, el número de diagnósticos aumentó en 2008, destacando mayo 2008 con la mayor cantidad. Predominio femenino de diagnósticos. Patología más frecuente es la respiratoria, variando mínimamente su porcentaje del total en ambos años.
Salud dental en estudiantes de IV año de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Chile, año 2010
Authors: Gattini Francesca , Galilea Antonia , Larenas Francisca , Meller Michelle
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La salud dental tiene tanto un impacto a nivel médico-odontológico como a nivel emocional y social. Una pobre higiene dental se ha relacionado con una mayor incidencia de ciertas enfermedades sistémicas. Asimismo, se han reportado diferencias entre hábitos de higiene dental entre estudiantes de medicina y de odontología. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir estas diferencias, y en base a lo anterior, la hipótesis consiste en que los estudiantes de medicina tienen peores hábitos de higiene dental que los de odontología.
Materiales y métodos: Encuesta autoadministrada a 50 estudiantes de medicina y a 50 de odontología.
Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la frecuencia de lavado de dientes diario y previo al período nocturno, y uso de métodos adicionales de higiene dental.
Discusión y conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina tienen una peor higiene dental que los de odontología, y ello podría deberse a diferencias académicas entre ambos grupos.
Síndrome de anton, el ciego que cree ver
Authors: Lara Silva Hugo , Miranda Rodríguez Eduardo Nicolás , Medina Mella Loreto , Orellana Ramírez Daniela , Barba Lillo Fabiola
Published: November 2023

La enfermedad cerebrovascular genera alrededor del 11% de las muertes a nivel de todo el mundo, y constituye la segunda causa de muerte después de la enfermedad coronaria. Sin embargo, sus manifestaciones clínicas son variables y dependen en gran parte del volumen y la ubicación del territorio afectado, no siendo mortal en la gran mayoría de los casos.
Una manifestación poco frecuente del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) ocurre cuando la lesión isquémica o hemorrágica afecta al territorio cortical visual primario, de manera bilateral (área 17 de Brodmann) y al área de asociación vecina, manifestándose clínicamente por ceguera y anosognosia de la misma, lo que se conoce como el síndrome de Anton.
En esta oportunidad, comunicamos el caso de un hombre que presenta este síndrome, secundario a dos ACV. El más reciente y que corresponde al diagnóstico actual es un infarto de territorio completo de arteria cerebral posterior derecha, el que se instala sobre un territorio secuelado por un ACV antiguo en el lóbulo occipital. Ambos diagnósticos fueron confirmados por TAC de cerebro.
Expresión inmunohistoquímica del factor de transcripción NFkappaB p50 en placentas de mujeres con preeclampsia
Authors: Pesce J. , Pescio T. , Pfeifer J. , Parra-Cordero M. , Bosco C.
Published: November 2023

Introducción: NF-kB regula la señalización de citoquinas inflamatorias que llevan a apoptosis por estrés oxidativo. La preeclampsia es una patología del embarazo con hipertensión, proteinuria y edema en la madre, síntomas que desaparecen una vez expulsada la placenta. Dado que en preeclampsia este órgano presenta un estrés oxidativo con hipoxia y daño endotelial, nuestro propósito fue determinar la expresión inmunohistoquímica de NF-kB en placentas de término provientes de mujeres con embarazos normales y con preeclampsia.
Metodología: En cortes histológicos de placenta se aplicó el anticuerpo Rabbit policlonal anti-human NF-kBp50, Santa Cruz-114, dilución 1:50. El grado de expresión antígeno-anticuerpo se cuantificó al microscopio óptico con método no paramétrico semicuantitativo estandarizado. La frecuencia de los resultados se expresó como porcentaje para cada categoría y se aplicó Pearson Chi cuadrado, con p<0.05.
Resultados: El factor NF-kB se encontró tanto en el citoplasma como en el núcleo de sinciciotrofoblasto, capa muscular de las arterias, endotelio y miofibroblastos de las vellosidades coriónicas, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos.
Conclusiones: La presencia de NF-kB en el citoplasma de las diferentes células de las vellosidades coriónicas indica que el factor está unido a IkB y por tanto inactivo, sin embargo, su presencia en el núcleo indican una actividad transcriptora de genes relacionados con la inflamación y/o apoptosis. Al no encontrar diferencias significativas entre los grupos en estudio se concluye que la vía de señalización de NF-kBp50 no corresponde a la inducida por TNFα vía NF-kBp38.
Educación sexual en Chile: un dilema social y cuestionable
Authors: Soto. Carlos
Published: November 2023

La educación sexual es uno de los componentes fundamentales para el desarrollo integral del individuo. Sin embargo, su desconocimiento conlleva a mantener una com préctica sexual desprovista de responsabilidad, con repercusiones que afectan el ámbito bioldgico, psicólogico y social de la persona. Frente a esto, Chile ha tomado medidas mediante la creación de leyes y reformas educacionales que permitan una mejor educación sexual. No obstante, las últimas estadísticas indican que tales medidas han sido insatisfactorias con una fuerte predominancia de embarazos adolescentes y enfermedades de transmisión sexual en la población juvenil. Esto sin lugar a dudas ha sido un dilema de la salud pública, por lo que este escrito tiene como fin presentar el problema y dar algunas orientaciones teóricas para abordar una educación sexual de forma contextualizada, significativa y progresiva a los jóvenes; y a la comunidad educativa.
Selected Urban legends prevalent in Ranchi as Campus Lore
Authors: Tudu R K Archana Sada Suman , Sarma Rabindranath
Published: November 2023

Campus lore is the term used to describe the narratives with composition of cultural element like myths, stories, and traditionsthat have developed on college or university campuses. Campus lore is a one sort among the eleven, recognised by J H Brunvand as Urban Legends.Urban legends are stories in a current setting that are recounted as actual individual experiences but include conventional variants that show their legendary character are the easiest subject in which the student may see the development of legends.This paper will try to elaborate about the term campus lore and urban legends and will explain the campus lores found in the Ranchi district.The data has been composed by both the primary and secondary sources
Perubahan Hasrat Dalam Kisah Hidup Sayyid Qutb: Kajian Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan
Authors: Subur Faisal Diaulhaq
Published: November 2023

Sayyid Qutb merupakan salah satu pemikir yang berpengaruh dalam dunia Islam. Dalam perjalanan hidupnya ia banyak mengalami problematika sehingga mempengaruhi hasrat pemikiran dan tindak tanduknya dalam berkarya dan bergerak. Tulisan ini meneliti tentang perubahan hasrat Sayyid Qutb yang termanifestasikan dalam kisah hidupnya. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, digunakan teori dan metode psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan. Psikoanalisis Lacan membahasa hasrat manusia yang diungkapkan melalui tindakan atau bahasa melalui dialektika little other (orang lain) dan big other (lingkungan sekeliling). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa dalam perjalanan hidup Sayyid Qutb terjadi berbagai macam problematika yang memunculkan adanya lack (kekurangan), baik yang dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek little other maupun big other. Manifestasi hasrat dan kekurangan Sayyid Qutb sebagai subjek yang dikaji, menyalurkan hasratnya dengan berbagai tindakan, baik hasrat memiliki maupun hasrat menjadi demi mencapai keutuhan diri. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa sebagai subjek berhasrat dan berkekurangan, Sayyid Qutb melakukan perlawanan terhadap Yang Simbolik (hukum) melalui tindakannya, dengan demikian dalam teori psikoanalisis Lacan, Sayyid Qutb adalah subjek yang mengalami kekurangan karena adanya banyak hukum yang membatasinya.
ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI KEMANUSIAAN ATAS PEMIKIRAN TAFSIR BUYA HAMKA
Authors: Zuhriyandi
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran tafsir Buya Hamka tentang nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dalam al-Qur’an. Buya Hamka, sebagai seorang ulama dan intelektual terkemuka, memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam memahami al-Qur’an dan menerjemahkannya ke dalam konteks kehidupan manusia. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami pandangan Buya Hamka tentang martabat manusia, persaudaraan, keadilan, dan hak asasi manusia yang diungkapkan melalui tafsirnya. Metodologi penelitian ini melibatkan analisis teks al-Qur’an dan karya tafsir Buya Hamka. Tinjauan literatur tentang pandangan ulama lainnya juga dilakukan untuk membandingkan dan mengontraskan interpretasi Buya Hamka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Buya Hamka memberikan penekanan kuat pada pentingnya menghormati martabat manusia sebagai ciptaan Tuhan. Persaudaraan universal antarmanusia dianggapnya sebagai landasan untuk perdamaian dan harmoni dalam masyarakat. Pandangannya tentang keadilan tercermin dalam interpretasinya tentang hukum-hukum Islam yang adil dan inklusif. Selain itu, hak asasi manusia dipandang sebagai prinsip yang melekat pada pesan al-Qur’an dan harus dihormati dalam semua aspek kehidupan. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam memahami bagaimana Buya Hamka menghubungkan pesan kemanusiaan al-Qur’an dengan konteks sosial dan sejarahnya. Pemikirannya memiliki relevansi yang abadi dan dapat memberikan panduan berharga dalam menangani tantangan kemanusiaan modern. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih dalam tentang pandangan Buya Hamka tentang nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dalam al-Qur’an dan kontribusinya terhadap pemahaman Islam yang inklusif dan berwawasan masa depan.
Ảnh hưởng của thức ăn sống được làm giàu DHA Selco lên kết quả ương ấu trùng cá hề maroon (Premas biaculeatus Bloch, 1790)
Authors: Tôn Nữ Mỹ Nga , Nguyễn Thị Nhật Anh , Nguyễn Minh Hùng , Trần Văn Dũng
Published: November 2023

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của việc bổ sung DHA Selco (DHA Protein Selco và A1 DHA Selco) làm giàu thức ăn sống lên tốc độ sinh trưởng, tỷ lệ sống và biến thái của ấu trùng cá hề maroon (Premnas biaculeatus). Năm nồng độ khác nhau của DHA Selco (50, 100, 150, 200 và 250 ppm) cùng một nhóm đối chứng - không được làm giàu đã được thử nghiệm. Ấu trùng cá hề maroon mới nở được ương trong các bể thủy tinh 30 lít với mật độ 1 con/lít. Luân trùng được cấp vào bể ương trong 5 ngày đầu trong khi Artemia được cấp từ ngày thứ 3 cho đến khi kết thúc thí nghiệm. Mỗi nghiệm thức được thực hiện với 3 lần lặp trong thời gian 45 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy việc bổ sung DHA Selco vào thức ăn sống đã cải thiện đáng kể tốc độ sinh trưởng, tỷ lệ sống và biến thái của ấu trùng cá hề maroon so với nhóm đối chứng (P < 0,05). Nhìn chung, các chỉ tiêu đánh giá kể trên có sự gia tăng tỷ lệ thuận với mức tăng của hàm lượng DHA Selco bổ sung, và giá trị thích hợp nhất được xác định ở mức 150 - 200 ppm. Việc tăng nồng độ làm giàu lên mức 250 ppm không mang lại sự cải thiện hơn nữa, thậm chí làm giảm kết quả ương ấu trùng. Nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc bổ sung DHA Selco vào thức ăn sống đối với sự thành công trong ương ấu trùng cá hề maroon, và nồng độ khuyến nghị là từ 150 - 200 ppm.
Hiệu quả ứng dụng đèn đi-ốt phát quang (LED) cho nghề lưới chụp khai thác hải sản
Authors: Đỗ Văn Thành , Nguyễn Phi Toàn , Lương Quốc Khánh , Nguyễn Ngọc Sửa , Phạm Thị Hiền
Published: November 2023

Việc sử dụng ánh sáng nhân tạo để tập trung cá trong khai thác thủy sản đã tồn tại hàng ngàn năm và dần được phát triển trở thành một trong những phương pháp tiên tiến, hiệu quả và quan trọng đối với nghề lưới chụp khai thác hải sản ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này đánh giá hiệu quả ứng dụng đèn đi-ốt phát quang (LED) so với việc sử dụng đèn cao áp metal halide (MH) trong nghề lưới chụp khai thác hải sản. Kết quả cho thấy, đèn LED giúp tàu tiết kiệm được 36,0% nhiên liệu để thắp sáng hàng đêm, năng suất khai thác cao hơn 10,9%, qua đó giúp lợi nhuận chuyến biển tăng thêm 34,3%, thu nhập của lao động trên tàu tăng 34,5% so với đèn cao áp. Nghiên cứu này cũng cho thấy tiềm năng giảm phát thải CO2 lên đến 5,75 tấn mỗi chuyến đi của mỗi tàu từ việc sử dụng đèn LED cho các tàu làm nghề lưới chụp khai thác hải sản. Để ứng dụng đèn LED, cần phải có nguồn vốn đầu tư ban đầu tương đối lớn, tuy nhiên, các tàu có thể hoàn vốn sau 12,6 chuyến biển.
Đánh giá phát thải khí nhà kính từ chăn nuôi lợn tập trung tại huyện Cam Lâm tỉnh Khánh Hoà
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Sơn , Trần Thị Tâm
Published: November 2023

Biến đổi khí hậu được xem là thách thức lớn nhất của toàn thể nhân loại trong giai đoạn hiện nay. Trong đó, lĩnh vực nông nghiệp đóng góp một phần không nhỏ vào việc phát sinh khí nhà kính gây biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu. Áp dụng phương pháp luận của Uỷ ban liên chính phủ về biến đổi khí hậu (IPCC) trong việc tính toán phát thải khí nhà kính từ hoạt động chăn nuôi lợn tập trung trên địa bàn Huyện Cam Lâm, tỉnh Khánh Hoà năm 2021-2022, kết quả tính toán và đánh giá cho thấy rằng việc áp dụng các giải pháp quản lý phân hiệu quả có thể làm giảm đáng kể lượng khí nhà kính phát thải vào môi trường. Việc sử dụng năng lượng trong hoạt động chăn nuôi lợn phát thải khoảng 0,00043 tCO2/con/tháng, quá trình tiêu hóa thức ăn của lợn tạo ra một lượng khí nhà kính vào khoảng 1,152 kgCH4/con/năm với hệ số phát thải 0,0024 tCO2/con/tháng. Với hệ thống quản lý phân hiện tại. Tổng hệ số phát thải trong suốt quá trình chăn nuôi lợn theo các kịch bản: (1) phân xả thải trực tiếp ra môi trường, (2) phân được quản lý bằng hệ thống quản lý phân hiện tại, (3) phân được quản lý bằng hệ thống quản lý phân hiện tại với khí sinh ra từ Biogas được thu hồi chuyển hóa thành năng lượng điện và (4) phân được quản lý bằng hệ thống Biogas có thu hồi khí tương ứng là 0,0593; 0,0112; 0,0101; 0,0077 t CO2/con/tháng.
Ảnh hưởng của màu bể nuôi lên màu sắc da và hàm lượng carotenoid tích lũy ở cá khoang cổ nemo (Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier, 1830)
Authors: Trần Văn Dũng , Nguyễn Hữu Khang , Lương Thị Hậu , Hứa Thái Nhân , Phạm Quốc Hùng
Published: November 2023

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định màu bể thích hợp để cải thiện màu sắc của cá khoang cổ nemo, Amphiprion ocellaris. Cá giống (3,30 cm và 0,65 g/con) được nuôi trong các bể kính có dán giấy decal với 6 màu sắc khác nhau gồm trắng, trong, cam, xanh, tím và đen. Cá được nuôi trong hệ thống bể lọc sinh học tuần hoàn (60 lít/bể) với mật độ 15 con/bể. Mỗi nghiệm thức được thực hiện với ba lần lặp trong thời gian 60 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy màu bể có ảnh hưởng đến các thông số đánh giá màu sắc (Lab, LCh) và hàm lượng carotenoids tích lũy trong cơ thể cá khoang cổ nemo. Cá được nuôi trong các bể màu xanh, trong và trắng thể hiện màu sắc vượt trội hơn so với cá được nuôi trong các bể màu cam, tím và đen (P < 0,05). Tuy nhiên, vì màu cam - đỏ (chỉ số a*) là quan trọng nhất trong việc đánh giá chất lượng màu sắc của cá khoang cổ nemo thương mại nên bể màu xanh hoặc trong được xác định là phù hợp nhất cho nuôi loài này. Những phát hiện này nhấn mạnh vai trò của màu sắc bể trong quá trình nuôi cá khoang cổ nemo, và bể màu xanh và trong được khuyến nghị là lựa chọn tối ưu để tăng cường màu sắc rực rỡ của loài cá cảnh biển này.
Nghiên cứu thuần dưỡng cá tỳ bà bướm beo (Sewellia elongate) để bảo tồn chuyển vị tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Kim Liên , Nguyễn Thanh Thúy , Ngô Khánh Duy , Trương Thị Thúy Hằng
Published: November 2023

Tỳ bà bướm beo (Sewellia elongate) là loài cá cảnh nước ngọt đang được khai thác từ tự nhiên để phục vụ nhu cầu nuôi cảnh trong nước và xuất khẩu. Do cá được khai thác chủ yếu ngoài tự nhiên chưa qua quá trình thuần dưỡng nên tỷ lệ sống trong nuôi nhân tạo còn thấp. Nghiên cứu thực hiện nhằm thuần dưỡng cá tỳ bà bướm beo (S. elongate) được thu thập ở tỉnh Bình Định sống thích hợp trong điều kiện nuôi nhân tạo tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Nghiên cứu gồm 3 thí nghiệm: (1) Nghiên cứu thay đổi sinh cảnh (2) Nghiên cứu thay đổi nhiệt độ nước (3) Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các loại thức ăn khác nhau lên cá tỳ bà bướm beo. Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 3 nghiệm thức và mỗi nghiệm thức được lặp lại ba lần, cá được nuôi trong bể kính kích thước 1,2 x 0,5 x 0,5 m. Thời gian thí nghiệm là 60 ngày. Kết quả nghiên cứu ghi nhận: Cá hoàn toàn thích nghi trong môi trường nhân tạo với điều kiện nhiệt độ nước từ 22 – 24oC, cá sử dụng thức ăn viên, bể trồng cây thủy sinh hoặc bố trí các gốc lũa. Tỉ lệ sống cá sau thuần dưỡng từ 75 – 87%. Cá có màu sắc đẹp, các hoa văn rõ nét giống màu sắc cá ngoài tự nhiên.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Performance: A Case of Bralirwa Ltd
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda, Mpakaniye Jean Claude
Published: November 2023

Corporate social responsibility has become an important topic for Business Company, especially since the business sector of financial services is related to conditions of uncertainty. The general objective of this study was to determine the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance with a case study of Bralirwa Limited. Specifically, the objectives were to determine the nature of corporate social responsibility practiced in organization, to assess the contribution of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance, and to evaluate the relationship between corporate social responsibilities on organizational performance in Bralirwa Limited. The descriptive research design was applied with qualitative and quantitative approaches. This study used only the secondary data. The information collected on Bralirwa Limited websites. Over the last twenty years the Bralirwa Limited expended very fast, it has enhanced their times and the scale bigger than ever. Many studies discuss brand and market strategies but few to work on how Corporate Social Responsibility influence financial performance of the Company. On the nature of corporate social responsibility practiced by Bralirwa Limited it was established that Bralirwa Limited implemented some activities which contribute to the communities’ life being development. Those activities include that Bralirwa Limeted provided the Sponsorship of 21 million Rwf to support the Bye Bye Nyakatsi project that were retrieving disadvantage and poor families from grass thatched houses in Bugesera District. On the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on organizational performance, it showed that CSR have a significant impact on the organizational performance of a company like Bralirwa in several ways as summarized by (Lee& Shin 2010) (1) it is easiest to attract resources, (2) it can obtain quality employees, (3) it easier to market product and services, (4) it can create unforeseen opportunities and (5) it can be an important sources of competitive advantage. The study concluded that Bralirwa Limited has the good believes in making a difference to the community in which it operates. The Bralirwa’s key theme in its CSR programs/activities undertaken is guaranteeing sustainability across all aspects of its business by improving environmental impact, empowering their communities, and positively promoting the role of the company’s CSR in communities. For the up-to-date information on Bralirwa's CSR initiatives and their impact on organizational performance, study recommended referring to the company's official reports, statements, and disclosures, as well as consulting with financial analysts or experts who specialize in CSR evaluations. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Performance, Bralirwa Ltd, Rwanda
Operational Risk Management and Project Success in Rwanda, A Case Study of Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (LVWATSAN) in Nyagatare District, Rwanda
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda, Masimbi Marie Therèse
Published: November 2023

Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (LVWATSAN) operations in Nyagatare District were particularly aimed at constructing a faecal sludge treatment plant with the ability to treat dirt water not only in Nyagatare District but also other two secondary cities namely, Nyanza, Kayonza (MINIFRA, 2015). The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of operational risk management on project success of LVWATSAN in the Nyagatare District; Specifically, the objectives of the study were to examine the impact of operational risk identification on the success of LVWATSAN project; To assess the impact of operational risk monitoring on the success of LVWATSAN project; To determine the impact of operational risk mitigation on the success of LVWATSAN project. The target population of the study was 42 respondents sourced from all the staff members undertaking project activities including project manager, engineers and operators; a census method was used where all 42-target population were considered as a sample size. The study used primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data was collected using a survey questionnaire while secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished sources from library and peer- reviewed articles from journals of project management databases. Data was processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics in frequencies, percentages, standard deviations and means. Correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. After analysing the data, findings concluded that the project lacked effective risk planning procedures due to the weaknesses in the approval and reviews of the risk management framework, had an outlined risk mitigation plan, however, the project team appeared unaware of the mitigation measures to adopt should risks present themselves. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between operational risk management - identification, monitoring as well as mitigation and project success in terms of timely completion, cost performance and stakeholder’ satisfaction. The study recommended that; the senior leadership in Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation project should adopt operational risk management as a methodology and knowledge field when they start implementing new project. Keywords: Operational risk management, project success, LVWATSAN, Rwanda
Coaching psychology in education
Authors: Shams Manfusa
Published: November 2023

This short article presents an overview of coaching psychology in education with a focus on the educational value of coaching psychology practice. The article calls for actions to institutionalise coaching psychology education, to acknowledge the value of coaching psychology knowledge for learning and development, and to celebrate the positive influence of coaching psychology intervention for enhancing performance, as well as promoting health and well-being. The discussion is framed by three key questions to generate further interests in coaching psychology in an educational context.
Developing self-care habits through a hybrid coaching framework in higher education
Authors: Morel Nina J. , Brown Donita , Duke Allison
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study tested the efficacy of a hybrid asynchronous/synchronous coaching framework designed to both improve graduate business students’ self-care habits and promote the strategy of coaching to address personal and professional growth. The coaching framework included individual coaching, asynchronous text-based coaching, and group coaching sessions.

Methods

This study tested the mixed modality coaching framework’s ability to promote healthy self-care practices for students as tested with a Self-care Behavior Inventory. Participants were 32 business and health care administration graduate students in a mid-sized university business school.

Results

The data showed there was an increase in self-care behaviors after eight weeks of coaching, but the change was not significant. Majority of participants indicated satisfaction with the coaching framework.

Discussion

The study was also designed to assess the coaching framework’s ability to engage students and encourage students to use various coaching methods as a personal and professional development tool. Student surveys showed that students found the framework as a whole to be useful. The required coaching time per student for the framework was approximately one hour and nine minutes per student.

Conclusions

Students reported they were likely to want to participate in coaching in some modality again in the future. Group and text-based coaching, while less popular than individual coaching, had good or high satisfaction with most students.
From risk to resilience: Impact of solution focused coaching on teacher efficacy in supporting children with speech, language and communication needs
Authors: Garvey Aine , Burke Jolanta
Published: November 2023

Research into supporting children with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) has primarily focused on risk factors and deficit-based interventions. Studies are beginning to highlight the importance of protective factors that mitigate risks of SLCN, including supportive school environments that foster resilience. Teacher efficacy is an important consideration in fostering supportive environments for children. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the impact of short-term solution focused group SLCN coaching on teacher efficacy. The research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design. Sixty-two primary school teachers participated in the study, of which 37 attended a two-sessional solution focused coaching intervention and a non-equivalent control group consisted of 25 teachers. Measures of teacher efficacy were obtained pre- and post-intervention. The paired sample t-test results demonstrated an increase in student engagement in the intervention group compared to the control group, but not for overall efficacy score and instructional strategies/classroom management. No statistically significant differences were found in the control group. Coaching teachers to identify strengths, resources and what’s already working for children with SLCN fosters a more holistic, resilience-oriented focus and facilitates student engagement.