bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Onwuka et al. Consequences of Real-World Surveillance of Fellow Eyes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Life 2023, 13, 385
Authors: Onwuka Oluchukwu , Saddemi Jackson L. , Akkan Aydoğmuş Fatma Sema , Lasalle Claudia C. , Ramsey David J.
Published: November 2023

Text Correction [...]
Effects of the Mixing Process on the Rheological Properties of Waste PET-Modified Bitumen
Authors: Mazurek Grzegorz , Buczyński Przemysław , Iwański Marek , Podsiadło Marcin , Pypeć Przemysław , Kowalczyk Artur
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses the key findings of a study devoted to PET-modified bitumen. The research program was run according to the D-optimal experimental plan based on a factorial design. Five factors, i.e., the type of polymer (source), the type of bitumen (qualitative factors), PET amount, mixing rate, and mixing temperature (quantitative factors), controlled the bitumen–polymer mixing process. The experiment included a series of determinations of bitumen’s rheological characteristics obtained by MSCR (Jnr, R) and G*/sin(δ) at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The low-temperature properties of the composite (critical temperature) were evaluated using a BBR test. The findings showed that bitumen modification with PET primarily reduced the creep susceptibility of the bituminous–polymer mixture. The low-temperature characteristics of the modified bitumen played a secondary but essential role. The amount of polymer and the mixing rate interacted with the temperature, significantly reducing the stiffness of the composite, while the type and amount of bitumen had a substantial effect on the results obtained in the BBR test. It is worth noting that when combining bitumen and plastomer, special attention should be paid to ensuring a high level of homogeneity of the mixture by controlling the parameters of the mixing process accordingly. The tests and analyses provided crucial models (GLM), which allowed for the prediction of the plastomer-modified bitumen’s low- and high-temperature properties. The resulting relationships between factors and the identification of their impact on the bitumen properties enable a better understanding of the process of bitumen modification with PET. The conclusions presented here serve as a basis for future optimisation of the modified bitumen composition. The performed studies indicate that the use of >3% plastomer in bitumen 70/100 allows for a reduction in its susceptibility (MSCR) to below 0.5 kPa−1, making it suitable for bituminous mixtures for high-traffic roads. No significant increase in critical temperature (BBR) was observed.
Knitted Structures Made of Antibacterial Fibers Intended for Protective Gloves
Authors: Smiechowicz Emilia , Niekraszewicz Barbara , Klonowska Magdalena , Strzelinska Marta , Irzmanska Emilia , Litwicka Natalia
Published: November 2023

At a time of growing epidemic hazards caused by a very rapid evolution of dangerous pathogens, there is a pressing demand for bioactive textiles. Therefore, the development of high-quality knitted structures that could be used as bioactive protective materials has become a priority. This publication describes the fabrication of functional knitted structures from previously prepared antibacterial cellulose fibers containing nanosilica with immobilized silver nanoparticles. The structural and physical parameters of knitted fabrics made from them were studied with a view to their potential application in bioactive protective gloves. Tests of the basic structural and physical parameters of the knitted fabrics did not show that the nanomodifier applied in fibers significantly impacts the physical properties of the resulting fabrics. Moreover, water vapor permeability, cut resistance, and pH test results relevant to the functional and protective properties of interest and to user comfort showed that the obtained fabrics can be used in the production of bioactive protective gloves.
A Data-Driven Framework for Direct Local Tensile Property Prediction of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parts
Authors: Scime Luke , Joslin Chase , Collins David A. , Sprayberry Michael , Singh Alka , Halsey William , Duncan Ryan , Snow Zackary , Dehoff Ryan , Paquit Vincent
Published: November 2023

This article proposes a generalizable, data-driven framework for qualifying laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured parts using part-specific in situ data, including powder bed imaging, machine health sensors, and laser scan paths. To achieve part qualification without relying solely on statistical processes or feedstock control, a sequence of machine learning models was trained on 6299 tensile specimens to locally predict the tensile properties of stainless-steel parts based on fused multi-modal in situ sensor data and a priori information. A cyberphysical infrastructure enabled the robust spatial tracking of individual specimens, and computer vision techniques registered the ground truth tensile measurements to the in situ data. The co-registered 230 GB dataset used in this work has been publicly released and is available as a set of HDF5 files. The extensive training data requirements and wide range of size scales were addressed by combining deep learning, machine learning, and feature engineering algorithms in a relay. The trained models demonstrated a 61% error reduction in ultimate tensile strength predictions relative to estimates made without any in situ information. Lessons learned and potential improvements to the sensors and mechanical testing procedure are discussed.
Development and Study of a New Silane Based Polyurethane Hybrid Flexible Adhesive—Part 1: Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Rodrigues Vasco C. M. B. , Marques Eduardo A. S. , Carbas Ricardo J. C. , Youngberg Michael , Dussaud Anne , Beygi Reza , Da Silva Lucas F. M.
Published: November 2023

The need for more sustainable adhesive formulations has led to the use of silane-based adhesives in different industrial sectors, such as the automotive industry. In this work, the mechanical properties of a dual cure two-component prototype adhesive which combined silylated polyurethane resin (SPUR) with standard epoxy resin was characterized under quasi-static conditions. The characterization process consisted of tensile bulk testing, to determine the Young’s modulus, the tensile strength and the tensile strain to failure. The shear stiffness and shear strength were measured by performing a thick adherend shear test. The in-plane strain field was obtained using a digital image correlation method. Double-cantilever beam and mixed-mode tests were performed to assess the fracture toughness under pure modes. The prototype adhesive showed promising but lower properties compared to commercial solutions. Furthermore, the adhesive was modified via the addition of three different resin modifier additives and characterized via measuring the shear and tensile properties, but no enhancements were found. Finally, the adhesive was formulated with three different SPUR viscosities. The critical energy release rate analysis showed an optimum value for the medium viscosity SPUR adhesive.
Smooth Emergence from General Anesthesia after Deep Extubation in a Pediatric Patient Diagnosed with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Report
Authors: Cho Seung Bae , Choi Beomseok , Ki Seunghee , Hwang Seokwoo , Oh Juseok , Jung Insik , Lee Jeonghan
Published: November 2023

Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare genetic disorder where catecholamine causes bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, potentially leading to cardiac arrest. In patients undergoing surgery, sympathetic responses can be triggered in situations associated with surgical stimulations as well as high anxiety before the surgery, anesthetic maneuvers such as endotracheal intubation and extubation, and postoperative pain. Therefore, planning for surgery demands meticulous attention to anesthesia during the perioperative period in order to prevent potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Case: We discuss a case of an 11-year-old male pediatric patient with known CPVT who required elective strabismus surgery for exotropia involving both eyes. After thorough planning of general anesthesia to minimize catecholamine response, sufficient anesthesia and analgesia were achieved to blunt the stressful response during intubation and maintained throughout the surgical procedure. Complete emergence was achieved after deep extubation, and the patient did not complain of pain or postoperative nausea and vomiting. Conclusions: Anesthesiologists should not only be able to plan and manage the catecholamine response during surgery but also anticipate and be prepared for situations that may lead to arrhythmias before and after the procedure. In certain cases, deep extubation can be beneficial as it reduces hemodynamic changes during the extubation process.
Pouchitis Is Associated with Paneth Cell Dysfunction and Ameliorated by Exogenous Lysosome in a Rat Model Undergoing Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Xu Yi , Yu Zeqian , Li Song , Zhang Tenghui , Zhu Feng , Gong Jianfeng
Published: November 2023

Background: Pouchitis is a common complication of restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC), significantly affecting the postoperative quality of life. Paneth cells play an important role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of Paneth cells in the pathogenesis of pouchitis. Method: Endoscopic biopsies from the pouch body and terminal ileum of UC patients undergoing IPAA with or without pouchitis were obtained to analyze Paneth cell function. Acute pouchitis was induced with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for seven consecutive days in a rat model of IPAA. The Paneth cell morphology was examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The effect of exogenous lysozyme supplementation on pouchitis was also investigated. The fecal microbiota profile after DSS and lysozyme treatment was determined by 16s rRNA ITS2 sequence analysis. Result: Abnormal mucosal lysozyme expression was observed in patients with pouchitis. The rat model of pouchitis showed increased pouch inflammation, increased CD3+ and CD45+ T cell infiltration, and decreased tight junction proteins, including ZO-1 and Occludin. There is a significant deficiency of Paneth cell-derived lysozyme granules in the rat model of pouchitis. Supplementation with exogenous lysozyme significantly ameliorated pouchitis, lowering the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in the pouch tissue. 16s rRNA analysis revealed a higher Lachnospiraceae level after lysosome treatment. Conclusions: Paneth cell dysfunction is prominent in patients and rat models of pouchitis and may be one of its causes. The decrease in Lachnospiraceae, a characteristic of dysbiosis in pouchitis, could be reserved by lysosome treatment. Lysozyme supplementation shows promise as a novel treatment strategy for pouchitis.
Is the C-Terminal Domain an Effective and Selective Target for the Design of Hsp90 Inhibitors against Candida Yeast?
Authors: Rouges Célia , Asad Mohammad , Laurent Adèle D. , Marchand Pascal , Le Pape Patrice
Published: November 2023

Improving the armamentarium to treat invasive candidiasis has become necessary to overcome drug resistance and the lack of alternative therapy. In the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, the 90-kDa Heat-Shock Protein (Hsp90) has been described as a major regulator of virulence and resistance, offering a promising target. Some human Hsp90 inhibitors have shown activity against Candida spp. in vitro, but host toxicity has limited their use as antifungal drugs. The conservation of Hsp90 across all species leads to selectivity issues. To assess the potential of Hsp90 as a druggable antifungal target, the activity of nine structurally unrelated Hsp90 inhibitors with different binding domains was evaluated against a panel of Candida clinical isolates. The Hsp90 sequences from human and yeast species were aligned. Despite the degree of similarity between human and yeast N-terminal domain residues, the in vitro activities measured for the inhibitors interacting with this domain were not reproducible against all Candida species. Moreover, the inhibitors binding to the C-terminal domain (CTD) did not show any antifungal activity, with the exception of one of them. Given the greater sequence divergence in this domain, the identification of selective CTD inhibitors of fungal Hsp90 could be a promising strategy for the development of innovative antifungal drugs.
Mineralogical Constraints on Magma Recharge and Mixing of the Post-Collisional Potassic Volcanic Rocks in Dahongliutan, NW Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Wenjian , Zhao Bo , Yu Hongmei , Xu Jiandong , Wei Feixiang , Cui Xiaoge
Published: November 2023

Post-collisional potassic magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau, yet their magmatic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the whole-rock major and trace elements, as well as the mineral textures and chemistry of the Dahongliutan volcanic rocks in the NW Tibetan Plateau, aiming to reveal the magmatic processes prior to eruption and speculate on the triggering mechanism. The results show that the Dahongliutan volcanic rocks are potassic trachyandesites, which undergo polybaric crystallization during magma ascension. The phenocrysts in these potassic rocks exhibit various textural and compositional zoning styles. The green cores of green-core clinopyroxenes show textural (e.g., resorption texture) and chemical (Fe-rich) disequilibrium with the host rock compositions, suggesting that they may be antecrysts and crystallized from early batches of more evolved magmas. Additionally, alkali feldspar phenocrysts also display disequilibrium characteristics (e.g., overgrowth rim and sieve texture), indicating hot mafic magma recharge and mixing in the magma plumbing system. Therefore, we conclude that the disequilibrium textural and compositional features of green-core clinopyroxene and alkali feldspar phenocrysts provide evidence of magma recharge and mixing prior to eruption. Furthermore, it is likely that the eruption of the Dahongliutan volcano was triggered by magma recharge.
Antidiabetic Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Properties of Compounds Isolated from Bioactive Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ficus lutea Leaf Extract
Authors: Olaokun Oyinlola O. , Zubair Muhammad S.
Published: November 2023

Diabetes contributes to the rising global death rate. Despite scientific advancements in understanding and managing diabetes, no single therapeutic agent has been identified to effectively treat and prevent its progression. Consequently, the exploration for new antidiabetic therapeutics continues. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of F. lutea at the molecular level to understand the molecular interactions and ligand-protein binding. To do this, the fraction underwent column chromatography fractionation to yield five compounds: lupeol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin acetate, epicatechin, and epiafzelechin. These compounds were evaluated in vitro through α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose utilization assays in C2C12 muscle and H-4-11-E liver cells using standard methods. In silico analysis was conducted using molecular docking and ADMET studies. Epicatechin exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 5.72 ± 2.7 µg/mL), while epiafzelechin stimulated superior glucose utilization in C2C12 muscle cells (33.35 ± 1.8%) and H-4-11-E liver cells (46.7 ± 1.2%) at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. The binding energies of the isolated compounds for glycogen phosphorylase (1NOI) and α-amylase (1OSE) were stronger (<−8.1) than those of the positive controls. Overall, all tested compounds exhibited characteristics indicative of their potential as antidiabetic agents; however, toxicity profiling predicted epiafzelechin and epicatechin as better alternatives. The ethyl acetate fraction and its compounds, particularly epiafzelechin, showed promise as antidiabetic agents. However, further comprehensive studies are necessary to validate these findings.
Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05 Improves Cholestasis through the FXR-SHP and FXR-FGF15 Pathways
Authors: Han Shengyi , Wang Kaicen , Shen Jian , Xia He , Lu Yanmeng , Zhuge Aoxiang , Li Shengjie , Qiu Bo , Zhang Shuobo , Dong Xiangmin , Yao Mingfei , Li Lanjuan
Published: November 2023

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary fibrosis. So far, there are no effective therapies to slow down the progression of this disease. Farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of bile acid (BA) synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, targeting FXRs holds promise as a potential approach for treating PSC. Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05 is a probiotic that was isolated from healthy volunteers and has previously been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis. In this study, we established a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholestasis mouse model and investigated the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05 on PSC. Our findings revealed that administration of Li05 significantly attenuated liver damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. Li05 activated the hepatic FXR-SHP and ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathways to decrease the expression of Cyp7a1. In addition, the Li05-modulated gut microbiota structure especially improved the abundance of 7α-dehydroxylation bacteria like Eubacterium. The intervention of Li05 also improved the intestinal barrier and reduced bacterial endotoxin translocation. Based on these findings, Li05 shows promise for future application as a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
Evaluation of Micronutrients and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Nutritionally Deprived Children—A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mishra Malvika , Raghav Alok , Tripathi Prashant , Rao Yashwant Kumar , Singh Desh Deepak
Published: November 2023

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a significant public health problem in developing countries, including India, where a significant proportion of children suffer from malnutrition. Objective: This research aims to investigate the factors contributing to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Additionally, the study seeks to explore the relationship between micronutrient levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in SAM children with and without clinical complications. Furthermore, the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in SAM children without complications is evaluated. Methods: The study involved three groups comprising 66 subjects each: a healthy control group, SAM children with complications, and SAM children without complications. Blood samples were collected, and various analyses were conducted, including biochemical, hematological, micronutrient, and pro-inflammatory marker quantification. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The results indicate that the levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α were significantly higher in the SAM group with complications compared to both the control group and the SAM group without complications. Zinc and copper levels were significantly lower in both SAM groups compared to the control group, and a negative correlation was observed between zinc levels and inflammatory markers. The study also assessed the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in SAM children without complications by comparing their weight, height, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age at baseline and after a 15-day follow-up period. Significant improvements in these parameters were observed in both the group receiving antibiotic treatment and the group not receiving antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a combination of antibiotic treatment and nutritional support can lead to significant clinical improvements in SAM children without complications. This study has important implications for the management and treatment of SAM in India and other developing countries.
Different Effects of High-Fat/High-Sucrose and High-Fructose Diets on Advanced Glycation End-Product Accumulation and on Mitochondrial Involvement in Heart and Skeletal Muscle in Mice
Authors: Aimaretti Eleonora , Chimienti Guglielmina , Rubeo Chiara , Di Lorenzo Rosa , Trisolini Lucia , Dal Bello Federica , Moradi Atefeh , Collino Massimo , Lezza Angela Maria Serena , Aragno Manuela , Pesce Vito
Published: November 2023

Diets with an elevated content of fat, sucrose, or fructose are recognized models of diet-induced metabolic alterations, since they induce metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation associated with local and systemic accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This study used four-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, randomly assigned to three experimental dietary regimens: standard diet (SD), high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS), or high fructose diet (HFr), administered for 12 weeks. Plasma, heart, and tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle were assayed for markers of metabolic conditions, inflammation, presence of AGEs, and mitochondrial involvement. The HFHS diet induced a tissue-specific differential response featuring (1) a remarkable adaptation of the heart to HFHS-induced heavy oxidative stress, demonstrated by an increased presence of AGEs and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, and efficaciously counteracted by a conspicuous increase in mitochondrial fission and PRXIII expression; (2) the absence of TA adaptation to HFHS, revealed by a heavy reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis, not counteracted by an increase in fission and PRXIII expression. HFr-induced mild oxidative stress elicited tissue-specific responses, featuring (1) a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart, likely counteracted by a tendency for increased fission and (2) a mild reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis in TA, likely counteracted by a tendency for increased fusion, showing the adaptability of both tissues to the diet.
Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients
Authors: Papetti Laura , Panella Elena , Monte Gabriele , Ferilli Michela Ada Noris , Tarantino Samuela , Checchi Martina Proietti , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: November 2023

Obesity has been suggested as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and may negatively effect the progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine any correlation between overweight/obesity and the clinical and neuroradiological features at the onset of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Were included patients referred to the POMS Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital between June 2012 and June 2021. The diagnosis of MS with an onset of less than 18 years was required. For all included subjects, we considered for the analysis the following data at the onset of symptoms: general data (age, sex, functional system compromised by neurological signs, weight and height), brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid exams. We identified 55 pediatric cases of POMS and divided them into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI): 60% were healthy weight (HW) and 40% were overweight/obese (OW/O). OW/O patients experienced a two-year age difference in disease onset compared to the HW patients (12.7 ± 3.8 years vs. 14.6 ± 4.1 years; p < 0.05). Onset of polyfocal symptoms was seen more frequently in OW/O patients than in HW (72.7% vs. 21.2%; p < 0.05). The pyramidal functions were involved more frequently in the OW/O group than in the HW group (50% vs. 25%; p < 0.005). Black holes were detected more frequently in OW/O patients in onset MRI scans compared to the HW group (50% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that being overweight/obese affects the risk of developing MS at an earlier age and is associated with an unfavorable clinical–radiological features at onset. Weight control can be considered as a preventive/therapeutic treatment.
Trends in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy during the Summers of 2020 (before Mass Vaccination), 2021 (after Primary Mass Vaccination) and 2022 (after Booster Mass Vaccination): A Real-World Nationwide Study Based on a Population of 58.85 Million People
Authors: Roncati Luca , Bartolacelli Giulia , Galeazzi Carlo , Caramaschi Stefania
Published: November 2023

Like all RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 shows a high mutation rate, which has led to the emergence of new variants. Among them, Gamma and Delta developed at the turn of 2020–2021 in Amazonas and India, two ecoregions characterized by hot-humid weather, very similar to that of the summer season in Italy due to climate change, the first Western country to be hit hard by COVID-19 and to experience lockdown restrictions in a democratic framework of 58.85 million people. The aim of our research has been to evaluate the impact of climate on the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy during the summers of 2020 (before mass vaccination), 2021 (after primary mass vaccination) and 2022 (after booster mass vaccination), also taking into account the emergence of these two variants. Methods: During the state of national health emergency and the Draghi government, the Civil Defense Department released the aggregate data coming from the Ministry of Health, the Higher Institute of Health, the Independent Provinces and the Italian Regions daily, in order to inform about the pandemic situation in Italy. Among these data there were the number of deaths, hospitalizations in intensive care units (ICU), non-ICU patients, contagions and performed swabs. By means of a team effort, we have collected and elaborated all these data, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy during the summers of 2020 (following the nationwide lockdown), 2021 and 2022. Results: from the summer of 2020 to the summers of 2021 and 2022 all pandemic trend indicators have shown a sharp worsening in Italy. COVID-19 deaths increased by ≈298% and ≈834%, ICU hospitalizations by ≈386% and ≈310%, non-ICU hospitalizations by ≈224% and ≈600%, contagions by ≈627% and ≈6850% (i.e., ≈68.50 times), swabs by ≈354% and ≈370%, and the mean positivity rate passed from ≈1% to ≈2% and ≈20%, respectively. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted in any climate, including areas with hot and humid weather, and the emergence of variants adapted to hot-humid climates may result in summer COVID-19 outbreaks, even in neither tropical nor subtropical countries. Although COVID-19 vaccines can confer cross-protection against newly emerging variants, this cross-immunity is naturally not absolute but limited, considering that vaccine protection wanes significantly after 6 months. It follows that a subject vaccinated at the beginning of the winter will not be completely covered in the height of the summer, and we should not forget the unvaccinated. As a final remark, the long and strict nationwide lockdown made it possible to flatten SARS-CoV-2 circulation and, therefore, its negative impact on Italy during the summer of 2020.
Novel Approaches for Targeting Metalloproteinases
Authors: Santamaria Salvatore
Published: November 2023

With 187 genes, metalloproteinases represent the most abundant protease family in the human proteome [...]
A Review on Molecular Docking on HDAC Isoforms: Novel Tool for Designing Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Drakontaeidi Aliki , Pontiki Eleni
Published: November 2023

Research into histone deacetylases (HDACs) has experienced a remarkable surge in recent years. These enzymes are key regulators of several fundamental biological processes, often associated with severe and potentially fatal diseases. Inhibition of their activity represents a promising therapeutic approach and a prospective strategy for the development of new therapeutic agents. A critical aspect of their inhibition is to achieve selectivity in terms of enzyme isoforms, which is essential to improve treatment efficacy while reducing undesirable pleiotropic effects. The development of computational chemistry tools, particularly molecular docking, is greatly enhancing the precision of designing molecules with inherent potential for specific activity. Therefore, it was considered necessary to review the molecular docking studies conducted on the major isozymes of the enzyme in order to identify the specific interactions associated with each selective HDAC inhibitor. In particular, the most critical isozymes of HDAC (1, 2, 3, 6, and 8) have been thoroughly investigated within the scope of this review.
Patterns of Drug Utilization and Self-Medication Practices: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Omrani Hamod , Marwah Mandeep Kaur , Al-Whaib Razan , Mekkawy Mohammed , Shokr Hala
Published: November 2023

Background: Self-medication (SM) is a growing phenomenon worldwide that has recently been classified as one of the most serious public health problems. SM can result in an incorrect self-diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, potential adverse reactions, interactions, and the masking of more sinister disease. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of SM practices amongst healthcare professionals and the general population in Saudi Arabia and to identify the sociodemographic contributing factors to this practice. Methods: A total of 540 participants were enrolled in this study. Participants were asked to complete the study questionnaire comprising two sections to gather demographic information and to collect data regarding SM practice. Results: The prevalence of SM practice among the study participants was 78.6%, and it was the highest among the middle age groups of (21–40 years) 82% compared to the younger and older age groups. The observed prevalence was higher in the female participants (53.7%) and those who live alone. Type of education did not affect the attitude of SM (p = 0.374); however, level of education strongly affected the prevalence of the SM, with higher incidence among university graduates (p < 0.001). Analgesics with antipyretics properties were the most self-medicated drugs. Patients considering their illnesses minor was the main reason behind the high prevalence of this practice. Among healthcare professions the highest prevalence of SM was found among pharmacists (95%), followed by physicians, nurses, and other medical practitioners. Conclusion: The general population should be better educated and made conscious about the consequences, risks, and side effects of SM. Awareness campaigns may prove to be useful in this matter, allowing the patient to consider the appropriateness of this practice. Individuals in the age group of 21–40 years, females, and those who live alone should be considered priority target populations in the design and implementation of SM awareness projects.
Surrounding Rock Deformation Mechanism and Control Technology for the Roadway in the Fault-Disturbed Zone under Special-Shaped Coal Pillars
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Fangtian , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhu Dongxu , Hao Wenhua , Tang Tiankuo , Zhang Xutong , Zhu Chenguang
Published: November 2023

In order to explore the impact of residual special-shaped coal pillars and fault disturbances on the lower layered roadway, this study takes the short-distance coal seam mining in Luwa Coal Mine as the engineering background to explore the surrounding rock deformation mechanism along the mining roadway in the fault-disturbed zone under special-shaped coal pillars, it presents the roadway surrounding rock control technology and it conducts on-site industrial test verification. The study shows that the abutment pressures on the floor of special-shaped coal pillars are distributed as “three peaks and two ridges”. The part beneath coal pillars is mainly disturbed by vertical stresses, while the part below the coal pillar edge is co-affected by vertical stresses and shearing stresses, generating a stress concentration coefficient ranging from 1.26 to 1.38 in the lower coal seam. According to the superposed effects of special-shaped coal pillars and fault disturbance on the mining roadway, the mining roadway is divided into the lower section of goaf, the section crossing the coal pillar edge, the lower section of coal pillars, and the section obliquely crossing the coal pillar edge. According to the above sections, the segmental control strategies of “improving stress distribution on surrounding rock + reinforcing support on special sections” are proposed. A joint control technology of large-diameter drilling hole pressure relief and special section anchor cable reinforcement support was adopted to carry out on-site industrial testing and monitoring. Overall, the convergence rate on the roadway surrounding rock is controlled within 5%, and the deformation of roadway surrounding rock is under effective control.
Design and Experimental Study of Key Components of the Samara-Hulling Machine for Eucommia ulmoides Oliver
Authors: Lan Cai-Ning , Bi Xin-Yuan , Feng Hai-Fang , Zhu Lin , Zhu Ming-Qiang
Published: November 2023

In this article, a hammer-blade hulling machine for Eucommia ulmoides Oliver that solves the current industry problem of low hulling efficiency and high manual input in EUO samaras is described. Its main working components are a hulling device and a screening device. Discrete element simulation was used to simulate the hulling process of a EUO samara hulling machine, and a EUO samara bond model was used to simulate the crushing process. The optimal parameters of the huller were determined as follows: the spindle speed was 2800 r/min, the hammer length was 70 mm and the other mechanism parameters were determined according to the working processes of components. Before the prototype test, EUO samaras were pretreated via soaking and insolation. The soaking and insolation times were used as the influence factors when carrying out the test. Their effect on hulling efficiency was evaluated by calculating the yield rates of the kernels and shell and the loss rate. The results show that under the optimal pretreatment conditions, the parameters of the huller meet the requirements, and the yield rate of kernels is more than 28%, the yield rate of shells is more than 38%, and the loss rate is less than 7%. The test indexes meet the use requirements and improve the efficiency of the hulling of the EUO samara, which has the advantages of high efficiency and high hulling rates.
Polarization-Enhancement Effects for the Retrieval of Significant Wave Heights from Gaofen-3 SAR Wave Mode Data
Authors: Yan Qiushuang , Fan Chenqing , Song Tianran , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2023

In order to investigate the impact of utilizing multiple pieces of polarization information on the performance of significant wave height (SWH) estimation from Gaofen-3 SAR data, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were developed, validated, and compared across 9 single-polarizations and 39 combined-polarizations based on the collocated datasets of Gaofen-3 SAR wave mode imagettes matched with SWH data from ERA5 reanalysis as well as independent SWH observations from buoys and altimeters. The results show that the performance of our SWH inversion models varies across the nine different single-polarizations. The co-polarizations (HH, VV, and RL) and hybrid-polarizations (45° linear, RH, and RV) generally exhibit superior performance compared to the cross-polarizations (HV, VH, and RR) at low to moderate sea states, while the cross-polarizations are more advantageous for high SWH estimation. The combined use of multiple pieces of polarization information does not always improve the model performance in retrieving SWH from Gaofen-3 SAR. Only the polarization combinations that incorporate cross-polarization information have the potential to enhance the model performance. In these cases, the performance of our models consistently improves with the incorporation of additional polarization information; however, this improvement diminishes gradually with each subsequent polarization and may eventually reach a saturation point. The optimal estimation of SWH is achieved with the polarization combination of HV + VH + RR + RH + RV + 45° linear, which shows consistently lower RMSEs compared to ERA5 SWH (0.295 m), buoy SWH (0.273 m), Cryosat-2 SWH (0.109 m), Jason-3 SWH (0.414 m), and SARAL SWH (0.286 m). Nevertheless, it still exhibits a slight overestimation at low sea states and a slight underestimation at high sea states. The inadequate distribution of data may serve as a potential explanation for this.
Spatio-Temporal Variability of the Aerosol Optical Depth over the Gorky and Cheboksary Reservoirs in 2022–2023
Authors: Kalinskaya Darya , Molkov Aleksandr
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to investigate atmospheric optical characteristics over the Gorky and Cheboksary Reservoirs and their multi-scale temporal variations to obtain the background characteristics and to identify events involving the transfer of absorbing aerosol to the studied region in 2022–2023. The region is located at a considerable distance (500 km) from the nearest AERONET station; therefore, previous atmospheric data were not available. As a solution, the in situ self-measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angström exponent, as well as satellite products (MAIAC and CALIPSO) for MODIS data, were used. This allowed us to set background values of an AOD of 0.11 at a wavelength of 500 nm and an Angström exponent of 1.2, against their maximum values of 0.38 and 2.5, respectively. To explain these variations, the registered conditions and the microstructure of the dust aerosol over the studied region are presented. For days with background values, the analysis of the particle size distribution data did not show a predominance of any particle size. The optical properties of a smoke aerosol in an atmospheric column are described, and an analysis of the dynamics of particle size variability is presented. A comparative analysis of the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol over the Gorky and Cheboksary Reservoirs using in situ and MODIS products was carried out.
Design and Implementation of a Hardware and Software System for Visual Assessment of Bituminous Coating Quality
Authors: Kamianskii Dmitrii , Boldyrev Alexander , Vezdenetsky Nikita , Vatamaniuk Irina , Bolsunovskaya Marina
Published: November 2023

Typically, the quality of the bitumen adhesion in asphalt mixtures is assessed manually by a group of experts who assign subjective ratings to the thickness of the residual bitumen coating on the gravel samples. To automate this process, we propose a hardware and software system for visual assessment of bituminous coating quality, which provides the results both in the form of a discrete estimate compatible with the expert one, and in a more general percentage for a set of samples. The developed methodology ensures static conditions of image capturing, insensitive to external circumstances. This is achieved by using a hardware construction designed to provide capturing the samples at eight different illumination angles. As a result, a generalized image is obtained, in which the effect of highlights and shadows is eliminated. After preprocessing, each gravel sample independently undergoes surface semantic segmentation procedure. Two most relevant approaches of semantic image segmentation were considered: gradient boosting and U-Net architecture. These approaches were compared by both stone surface segmentation accuracy, where they showed the same 77% result and the effectiveness in determining a discrete estimate. Gradient boosting showed an accuracy 2% higher than the U-Net for it and was thereby chosen as the main model when developing the prototype. According to the test results, the evaluation of the algorithm in 75% of cases completely coincided with the expert one, and it had a slight deviation from it in another 22% of cases. The developed solution allows for standardizing the data obtained and contributes to the creation of an interlaboratory digital research database.
Application of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Combined with Single-Model Decision-Making Fusion Neural Networks in Structural Damage Recognition
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Xu Langxing , Guo Hainan , Yang Lu
Published: November 2023

In cases with a large number of sensors and complex spatial distribution, correctly learning the spatial characteristics of the sensors is vital for structural damage identification. Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs), unlike other methods, have the ability to learn the spatial characteristics of the sensors, which is targeted at the above problems in structural damage identification. However, under the influence of environmental interference, sensor instability, and other factors, part of the vibration signal can easily change its fundamental characteristics, and there is a possibility of misjudging structural damage. Therefore, on the basis of building a high-performance graphical convolutional deep learning model, this paper considers the integration of data fusion technology in the model decision-making layer and proposes a single-model decision-making fusion neural network (S_DFNN) model. Through experiments involving the frame model and the self-designed cable-stayed bridge model, it is concluded that this method has a better performance of damage recognition for different structures, and the accuracy is improved based on a single model and has good damage recognition performance. The method has better damage identification performance in different structures, and the accuracy rate is improved based on the single model, which has a very good damage identification effect. It proves that the structural damage diagnosis method proposed in this paper with data fusion technology combined with deep learning has a strong generalization ability and has great potential in structural damage diagnosis.
Towards the Improvement of Soil Salinity Mapping in a Data-Scarce Context Using Sentinel-2 Images in Machine-Learning Models
Authors: Sirpa-Poma J. W. , Satgé F. , Resongles E. , Pillco-Zolá R. , Molina-Carpio J. , Flores Colque M. G. , Ormachea M. , Pacheco Mollinedo P. , Bonnet M.-P.
Published: November 2023

Several recent studies have evidenced the relevance of machine-learning for soil salinity mapping using Sentinel-2 reflectance as input data and field soil salinity measurement (i.e., Electrical Conductivity-EC) as the target. As soil EC monitoring is costly and time consuming, most learning databases used for training/validation rely on a limited number of soil samples, which can affect the model consistency. Based on the low soil salinity variation at the Sentinel-2 pixel resolution, this study proposes to increase the learning database’s number of observations by assigning the EC value obtained on the sampled pixel to the eight neighboring pixels. The method allowed extending the original learning database made up of 97 field EC measurements (OD) to an enhanced learning database made up of 691 observations (ED). Two classification machine-learning models (i.e., Random Forest-RF and Support Vector Machine-SVM) were trained with both OD and ED to assess the efficiency of the proposed method by comparing the models’ outcomes with EC observations not used in the models´ training. The use of ED led to a significant increase in both models’ consistency with the overall accuracy of the RF (SVM) model increasing from 0.25 (0.26) when using the OD to 0.77 (0.55) when using ED. This corresponds to an improvement of approximately 208% and 111%, respectively. Besides the improved accuracy reached with the ED database, the results showed that the RF model provided better soil salinity estimations than the SVM model and that feature selection (i.e., Variance Inflation Factor-VIF and/or Genetic Algorithm-GA) increase both models´ reliability, with GA being the most efficient. This study highlights the potential of machine-learning and Sentinel-2 image combination for soil salinity monitoring in a data-scarce context, and shows the importance of both model and features selection for an optimum machine-learning set-up.
An N-Type Pseudo-Static eDRAM Macro with Reduced Access Time for High-Speed Processing-in-Memory in Intelligent Sensor Hub Applications
Authors: Kim Subin , Jeong Ingu , Park Jun-Eun
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces an n-type pseudo-static gain cell (PS-nGC) embedded within dynamic random-access memory (eDRAM) for high-speed processing-in-memory (PIM) applications. The PS-nGC leverages a two-transistor (2T) gain cell and employs an n-type pseudo-static leakage compensation (n-type PSLC) circuit to significantly extend the eDRAM’s retention time. The implementation of a homogeneous NMOS-based 2T gain cell not only reduces write access times but also benefits from a boosted write wordline technique. In a comparison with the previous pseudo-static gain cell design, the proposed PS-nGC exhibits improvements in write and read access times, achieving 3.27 times and 1.81 times reductions in write access time and read access time, respectively. Furthermore, the PS-nGC demonstrates versatility by accommodating a wide supply voltage range, spanning from 0.7 to 1.2 V, while maintaining an operating frequency of 667 MHz. Fabricated using a 28 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the prototype features an efficient active area, occupying a mere 0.284 µm2 per bitcell for the 4 kb eDRAM macro. Under various operational conditions, including different processes, voltages, and temperatures, the proposed PS-nGC of eDRAM consistently provides speedy and reliable read and write operations.
Siamese Unet Network for Waterline Detection and Barrier Shape Change Analysis from Long-Term and Large Numbers of Satellite Imagery
Authors: Chang Hsien-Kuo , Chen Wei-Wei , Jhang Jia-Si , Liou Jin-Cheng
Published: November 2023

Barrier islands are vital dynamic landforms that not only host ecological resources but often protect coastal ecosystems from storm damage. The Waisanding Barrier (WSDB) in Taiwan has suffered from continuous beach erosion in recent decades. In this study, we developed a SiamUnet network compared to three basic DeepUnet networks with different image sizes to effectively detect barrier waterlines from 207 high-resolution satellite images. The evolution of the barrier waterline shape is obtained to present two special morphologic changes at the southern end and the evolution of the entire waterline. The time periods of separation of the southern end from the main WSDB are determined and discussed. We also show that the southern L-shaped end has occurred recently from the end of 2017 until 2021. The length of the L-shaped end gradually decreases during the summer, but gradually increases during the winter. The L-shaped end obviously has a seasonal and jagged change. The attenuation rate of the land area is analyzed as −0.344 km2/year. We also explore two factors that affect the analysis results, which are the number of valid images selected and the deviation threshold from the mean sea level.
Rational Fabrication of Benzene-Linked Porous Polymers for Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Yan Xiaofei , Zhai Fuqun , Sun Zifei , Chen Jingwen , Xue Dingming , Miao Jie
Published: November 2023

Various porous polymer materials have been prepared for the separation of CO2 from mixed gases. However, complex processes, expensive monomers, and costly catalysts are commonly used for their synthesis, making the adsorbents difficult to achieve in industrial applications. Herein, we developed a strategy to fabricate a series of benzene rings containing porous polymer materials (B-PPMs) via a facile condensation reaction of two inexpensive monomers, namely tetraphenylsilane and 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene. The B-PPMs are verified to have accessible surface areas, large pore volumes, and appreciate pore sizes via a series of characterizations. The B-PPM-2 exhibits the best CO2 adsorption amount of 67 cm3·g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar, while the CO2/N2 selectivity can reach 64.5 and 51.9 at 273 K and 298 K, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorbent B-PPM-2 can be completely regenerated after five cycles of breakthrough experiments under mild conditions, which may provide promising candidates for selective capture of CO2 from mixtures.