bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities for oral health care professionals in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tirth Amit , Alam Naved , Ravishankar T. L. , Tandon Vaibhav
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The World Health Organization announced a pandemic crisis when the virus was isolated in all of its worldwide regions. Being highly transmissible, this novel coronavirus disease-2019, also known as COVID-19, has spread fast all over the world. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Human-to-human transmission happens mainly through the respiratory tract of droplets and close contact transmission. Dental practitioners are at higher risk of transmission as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to spread through droplets and aerosols from infected individuals in dental clinics and hospitals.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to highlight the potential sources of COVID-19 infection in oral health-care services.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic search was made of the PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were identified by the searches which were checked based on title first, then by abstract or keywords with “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Dentist,” and “health-care workers,” for articles involving studies and review articles published in English language only and relevant to the objectives of our review article.

Results and Discussion:

The majority of the emergency cases required endodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atraumatic restorative treatment and interim therapeutic restoration are alternative approaches to prevent infectious aerosol during dental procedures in dental, community, or hospital settings.

Conclusion:

Oral healthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Risk of COVID-19 can be reduced by appropriate techniques and practice in dental settings.
Quantitative analysis of remineralization of artificial carious lesions with commercially available toothpastes using EDAX: An in vitro study
Authors: Khader Deema Abdul , Peedikayil Faizal C. , Chandru T. P. , Kottayi Soni , Purakkal Aparna T. , Ismail Shabnam
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Noninvasive approach for treating demineralized teeth is gaining importance in preventive dentistry. Various fluoridated and nonfluoridated remineralizing agents are utilized for treating early enamel carious lesions.

Aim:

To quantitatively assess the remineralizing potential of various dentifrices quantitatively from the array of products available in the market.

Materials and Methods:

Enamel blocks were prepared from seventy sound permanent teeth. The baseline amount of calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride was evaluated. After those samples were transferred in Modified TenCate’s solution for demineralization for 96 h, the amount of demineralization carried out to detect change in mineral content. Following this, samples were randomly grouped into five – Group 1: Fluoridated sensitive toothpaste, Group 2: Fluoridated toothpaste with Anticay Technology, Group 3: Nonfluoridated natural extracts toothpaste, Group 4: Nonfluoridated ayurvedic toothpaste, and Group 5: De-ionized water. Remineralizing agents applied twice daily for 28 days. The final mineral content of remineralized enamel was evaluated. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-test and analysis of variance.

Results and Discussion:

The mean calcium, phosphorous, fluoride, and Ca/P ratio of fluoridated and nonfluoridated toothpastes showed statistically significant difference (significant at P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison shows fluoridated toothpaste showing greater potential for remineralization (significant at P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Fluoridated toothpaste with anticay technology showed better remineralizing capacity followed by sensitive and nonfluoridated natural toothpaste. Nonfluoridated ayurvedic toothpaste showed the least remineralizing potential.
Palliative dental care for patients with late-stage hemato-oncology disease
Authors: Alqarni Ali , Abed Hassan , Ashour Amal , Tayeb Haytham , Alghamdi Ahmed , Abualola Hussam
Published: September 2024

Patients with hematological malignancies are at increased risk of oral complications such as dental pain, oral mucositis, discomfort, oral candidiasis, and infection. Some hemato-oncology patients feel acute dental pain during the active stage of cancer therapy, which necessitates relieving dental pain in addition to other palliate dental care, specifically, if the patient is on end-of-life care. The goal of palliative dental care is to eliminate any source of dental pain, which helps to improve a patient’s quality of life. We report a case of a 78-year-old woman who was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at the late stage of cancer and was referred to improve her esthetic and eating function during the active phase of chemotherapy. The aim of this case report was to describe palliative dental care for patients who require end-of-life care at the late stage of cancer and to discuss the dental management of patients with MDSs.
Efficiency of Miswak as an oral hygiene aid among the madrasa going children of Nuh – A socioeconomically disadvantaged district of India
Authors: Sharma Amita , Ranga Parveen , Sharma Sonam
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Resources for oral health care remain limited in in rural and backward areas where an inherent need to exists to explore inexpensive cleaning aids at ease.

Aim:

To assess the efficiency of Miswak stick as an oral hygiene aid among madrasa-going 12–14 years old children, by comparing it with toothbrush and toothpaste in Nuh district of Haryana, India.

Materials and Methods:

The study population comprised of 540 madrasa-going children. 400 cases were Miswak users, whereas 140 toothbrush and toothpaste users were in the control group. Their oral hygiene status was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI), Oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-S) and Plaque Index (PI). Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure the dental caries incidence. The data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results and Discussion:

The results showed that Miswak users had significantly less mean GI score and OHI-S index scores (P = 0.001) but no statistically significant difference in PI score as compared to toothbrush and toothpaste users. Second, DMFT score was more in toothbrush and toothpaste users as compared to Miswak users.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that the oral hygiene status of Miswak users in the madrasa-going children of Nuh district was better than that of toothbrush and toothpaste users.
Benign cementoblastoma of posterior mandible in growing patient
Authors: Samal Santoshni , Rishi Diljith
Published: September 2024

Cementoblastoma is a benign tumor of odontoblastic origin usually associated with pain and swelling and mainly occurs in the mandibular region. It is mainly associated with the roots of premolars and molars in the second and third decades of life. This case describes cementoblastoma in a growing affected person, where its diagnosis and intervention are explained in a 16-year-old male. Cementoblastoma is not so common in pediatric patient. This case reports describe a young growing patient where it is surgically treated keeping this in mind so that it will not affect future growth.
Symptom manifestation of dental local anesthesia with patients who recently received COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Alaskari Ahmed Abdullah , Almutairi Ebtihal Saad , Alharthi Demah Saleh Midshil , Alqahtani Deena Ali Obaid , Alhassan Atheer Ali Mueedh , Albounni Roula S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

As a result of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) caused the severe viral pneumonia . Countries have been applying test regulations, vaccination is the top strategy to combat it.

Aim:

To determine if there was any negative impact of dental local anesthesia on the vital medical condition of patients who recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.

Materials and Methods:

Before participating in the study, patients had to read and sign a consent form. The following treatments were performed under local anesthesia: ten definitive restorations; two tooth extractions; two scalings and prophylaxis; three root planning; and one root canal treatment. Lidocaine with epinephrine was used on three patients, lidocaine without epinephrine on one patient, and scandicaine2% (mepivacaine hydrochloride) on 13 patients. A questionnaire containing nine specific questions was developed for this study, beginning with a patient's personal information. In the second group, we asked about the symptoms after getting the covid 19 vaccine, and in the third group, we asked about the symptoms after dental work.

Results and Discussion:

With the limitation of this study, it was evident that there was no correlation between vaccination against Covid-19 and local anesthesia in dental treatment with healthy patients. As the Local anesthetics produce anesthesia by inhibiting nerve ending excitation or by blocking the conduction of peripheral nerves. And COVID-19 vaccine works on the body's immune system. Statistical significance was established at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:

According to this study, there was no correlation between vaccination against Covid-19 and local anesthesia in dental treatment with healthy patients.
Pretreatment expectations and posttreatment satisfaction with different prosthodontic treatments in a Saudi population
Authors: Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Alharbi Abdullah Faisal , Alharbi Abdullah Mohammed , Karbouji Ghofran Ali , Dagharire Emad Yahya , Aboalrejal Afaf
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The dentist–patient relationship and the patient's expectation before prosthodontic treatment are significant in achieving patients' satisfaction. There are not enough studies in the Saudi population on how the expectation can affect patients' satisfaction for patients rehabilitated with different prosthetic options.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, prosthesis type, and patients' expectations of different prosthetic treatments on the patient's satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:

Data were collected at the dental hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University. A total of 125 participants evaluated their expectations of and satisfaction with different prostheses types regarding esthetics, chewing, comfort, and phonetics, also assessed their perception of the dentists' conduct by using a Visual Analog Scale.

Results and Discussion:

The study included 125 participants (50.4% females, 49.6% males), with a mean age of 39.76 ± 15.42. Regarding the prosthesis type, there were no statistically significant differences between expectations and satisfaction in all domains except with chewing with a fixed denture prosthesis, in which satisfaction exceeded expectations with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Most participants scored their perception of the dentist's conduct above average and described their dentists as professional, very concerned, and careful. Female participants recorded statistically insignificantly lower expectations and satisfaction scores than males regarding esthetics, comfort, and phonetics with all prosthesis types (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study's findings suggested that satisfaction levels were correlated with prosthesis type, pretreatment expectations, and the gender of the treated patients.
Potential influence of COVID-19 on periodontal and peri-implant health - A review of literature
Authors: Shaheen Rakan S. , Alolayan Layan S. , Otaibi Rayan J. Al , Nakha Khalid M. Abu , Alhazmi Abdulrahman K. , Alshahrani Meelaf S. , Huthali Kholood K. Al
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which manifests with severe respiratory symptoms. The plaque biofilm was shown to harbor SARS-CoV-2 virus and that it could be transmitted via droplets. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 could have an influence on periodontal and peri-implant health.

Aim:

This review was done to theoretically study the literature for reports that link COVID-19 to periodontal and peri-implant health.

Materials and Methods:

The review was done on articles published on the Medline and Saudi Digital Library databases, and included case reports, original papers, reviews, and any other reports that link COVID-19 to periodontal and peri-implant health.

Results and Discussion:

Commonly shared by COVID-19 and periodontal/peri-implant inflammation, is the increase in the pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, which contribute toward exacerbating the immunological response and elevating the severity of the conditions. Furthermore, the reduced immunity due to COVID-19 can allow the periodontal/peri-implant pathogens to flourish and grow, especially when associated with poor oral hygiene owing to fatigue or bed confinement, and the negligence of maintaining routine periodontal visits due to fear of contracting COVID-19. Nevertheless, no direct cause-and-effect relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and periodontal/peri-implant conditions has been ascertained, which warrants the need for further clinical studies on this topic to achieve a better understanding of it.

Conclusion:

There is no direct cause-and-effect relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and periodontal diseases, but the similarity of the pro-inflammatory expressions in both diseases poses an indirect risk on periodontal health.
Active learning by means of team-based versus traditional learning methods in undergraduate dental students
Authors: Hossain Md. Zahid , Alsareii Saeed Ali , Hyderah Khaled Mashoor , Hossain M. M. Iqbal , Aseri Abdulrahman , Khan Siraz D. A. A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Team-based learning (TBL) is gaining popularity because it allows students to achieve desired intellectual tasks through teamwork, discussion, and professionalism, in contrast to traditional (Trad) learning, which fails to keep the students' continued attention throughout the teaching session, resulting in low grades and retention rates.

Aims:

Comparing the outcomes between TBL and Trad learning sessions.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out. Seventy-two undergraduate dental students were grouped as TBL and Trad. Each group consisted of 36 students and was made up of good, average, and below-average achievers based on their most recent exam results. The control group (Trad) received lecture-based teaching on a topic, while the case group (TBL) received discussion-based teaching on the same topic using the TBL approach. Allocated time slot for each method was equal. Following the completion of the teaching, a test was taken in the same session, consisting of 20 well-constructed multiple-choice questions (MCQs). The outcomes of the MCQ tests were subjected to item analysis. Chi-squared test was used to compare test parameters between the control and case groups using SPSS (v. 23).

Results and Discussion:

Overall, the TBL groups yielded significantly higher (58.33%) learning outcomes than the Trad groups (44.4%) (P = 0.01). In general, the TBL approach showed highly significant performance results (P = 0.000) compared to Trad approach. The Cronbach's alpha for TBL and trad learning was 0.967 and 0.949, respectively, indicating an excellent reliability of our findings.

Conclusion:

TBL approach has a potential to improve learning outcome by increasing knowledge and encouraging self-directed learning.
A simplified technique of mandibular complete denture fabrication for a condition of ankyloglossia – A case report
Authors: Melkiyor Pamila Mary Sabatini , Chockalingam Nagappan , Kannan R. Kamala
Published: September 2024

Rationale:

During the construction of a complete denture, obtaining adequate retention is always a problem in the mandibular denture. In the case of ankyloglossia, the retention of mandibular denture is severely compromised due to a decrease in neutral zone space and thick musculature of the tongue web attached to the mouth’s anatomical floor.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed as completely edentulous with ankyloglossia.

Intervention:

The intervention that was done to this condition was a modification of the master cast before the final wax-up and processing of the denture.

Outcomes:

Through the modification that was done to the master cast, an acceptable level of retention was attained.

Lessons:

This case report describes a simple modification that is done to achieve optimal retention for a patient with ankyloglossia and to maintain that retention during function.
Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery- A prospective study
Authors: Cherian Sidharth Sabu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

This was a prospective observational study of 18-month duration. The purpose of this study is to compare preoperative serum calcium levels with postoperative serum calcium levels and to analyze postthyroid surgery hypocalcemia with regard to prevalence, clinical presentation, and severity and to treat hypocalcemia if it occurs. In addition, we analyzed the correlation of postoperative hypocalcemia with relation to the type of surgery, diagnosis, duration of surgery, and the quantity of blood loss. This study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery in the Department of General Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Puducherry for 18 months from November 2014 to April 2016. The median age of the patients was 40 years. The sex ratio was 17:2 in favor of females. Out of 38 patients, 18 patients were diagnosed with multinodular goiter, 8 were follicular carcinoma thyroid, 5 were papillary carcinoma thyroid, 2 were medullary carcinoma thyroid, 4 were adenomatoid nodule, and 1 patient was diagnosed to have thyroid abscess. In addition, 31 patients underwent total thyroidectomy, 6 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy when 1 patient underwent incision and drainage for thyroid abscess.

Results:

39% (n = 15) of the patients developed hypocalcemia postoperatively. 87% (n = 11) of the patients were symptomatic and required calcium correction. Two patients had delayed presentation of hypocalcemia on postoperative day 5. One patient who underwent hemithyroidectomy developed hypocalcemia in the postoperative period. Trousseau's sign was the most typical clinical feature seen in hypocalcemia patients. In the present study, no significant association of hypocalcemia with the female gender was noted, and we did not find any association of hypocalcemia with advancing age. We did not find any association between hypocalcemia and prolonged surgery duration or increased blood loss in the present study. In addition, we did not see any increase in the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients who underwent thyroidectomy combined with lymph node clearance.

Conclusion:

The rate of postoperative hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery in this study was 39%. It coincides with the incidence reported elsewhere in the world. Although the risk of hypocalcemia was associated with increased blood loss, prolonged surgery, and extent of surgery, it was not statistically significant. If a similar study is conducted on a larger scale, including a broader spectrum of the population, important factors that influence postoperative hypocalcemia may be recognized.
Evaluation of blood clot and collagen sponge in regeneration of nonvital immature permanent anterior teeth
Authors: Ismaeal Sara H. , Elhendawy Fatma A.A. , Khattab Arafa
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of permanent anterior teeth is a common dental problem among the children. Pulpal necrosis is the critical result of traumatic dental injury as it makes a challenge in endodontic and restorative procedures. Revascularization is one of most recent treatment of such teeth.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the regenerative potential of the blood clot and collagen sponge as scaffold in revascularization of nonvital immature permanent anterior teeth using biodentine for coronal bacterial tight seal.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on 30 anterior teeth on healthy children aged from 7 to 9 years. The selected patients were divided into two groups according to scaffold used: group I (blood clot scaffold) and group II (combined blood clot and collagen scaffold). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months follow up.

Results

The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Conclusion

It was concluded that, the revascularization with blood clot and collagen sponge has no significant differences in clinical and radiographic evaluation criteria.
Comparative evaluation of bromelain, double antibiotic paste, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: El Gendi Huda A.A. , Hamdy Mai
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of double antibiotic paste with that of bromelain and calcium hydroxide in eradication of E. faecalis. Hypothesis: we hypothesized that Bromelain may act as an intracanal medicament.

Materials and methods:

For this study, 40 extracted human teeth were used. After their decapitation, they were initially instrumented to reach 20 K-file, later they were separated into one control and three experimental groups (n=10) according to the medicament used; Group 1: Bromelain paste, Group 2: Control group, canals were left without any medicament, Group 3: Calcium hydroxide (CH)and Group 4: Double antibiotic paste (DAP). Preparation of all samples was done using Step- back technique to reach #50 file, irrigation using sodium hypochlorite solution of 2.6% concentration and EDTA, then intracanal medicaments were applied. First sample (S1) was collected after inoculation of bacteria into root canals. Second sample (S2) was collected after undergoing instrumentation and irrigation. Third sample (S3) was taken following application of medicament. Sterile cotton pellet and temporary restoration were then applied for seven days. Broth Heart Infusion (BHI) agar was used for culturing of samples then went under incubation to count Colony Forming Unit (CFU's).

Results:

Regarding S1 samples (after inoculation of bacteria) and S2 (after undergoing instrumentation and irrigation). In all groups, there was no statistically significant difference between them. While S 3 samples showed statistically significant difference in all groups. S3 Samples in Bromelain group showed the least statistically significant bacterial count followed by double antibiotic paste then calcium hydroxide group while S3 samples in negative control group showed the highest statistically significant bacterial count.

Conclusion:

Bromelain was found as an effective herbal intracanal medicament as it gives superior antimicrobial property compared to other intracanal medicaments.

Clinical significance:

Intracanal medicament from herbal sources like Bromelain is recommended for root canal disinfection as it has a promising effect with less side effect compared with other intracanal medicaments.
Comparing the effects of intrathecal and intra-articular magnesium sulfate and fentanyl on pain after knee arthroscopy; double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Safaripoor Houriye , Modir Hesameddin , Susanabadi Alireza , Shahtaheri Seyed Yosef , Khamene Mohsen Parsi
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intrathecal and intra-articular magnesium sulfate (IA-Mg) and fentanyl on pain after knee arthroscopy (KA).

Materials and Methods:

This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2022–2023. One hundred and forty candidates for KA were randomly allocated to four groups, namely intrathecal magnesium sulfate, IA-Mg, intrathecal fentanyl (IT-F), and intra-articular fentanyl. A medical intern used a 0–10 visual analog scale to assess participants’ post-KA pain at recovery and 1, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after KA. Participants with a pain score of more than 4 were provided with intravenous pethidine 25 mg. Data were analyzed at a significance level of < 0.05 and using the SPSS software (version 22.0).

Results:

No significant difference was found among the groups respecting participants’ arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and KA duration (P > 0.05). The mean score of pain significantly increased in all study groups (P < 0.05) and the mean score of pain in the IA-Mg group was significantly less than the other groups (P = 0.001). Respecting postoperative complications, only six cases from the IT-F group experienced pruritus (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

IA-Mg can significantly reduce post-KA pain and the need for postoperative analgesics. Therefore, it may be a safe and effective adjacent therapy for post-KA pain management.
Molecular characterization of Entamoeba, Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium species in stool samples collected from Jordanian patients suffering from gastroenteritis
Authors: Hijjawi Nawal , Zahedi Alireza , Ryan Una
Published: September 2024

Little is known about the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in patients suffering from diarrhea in Jordan. The present study aimed to detect and speciate Entamoeba, Blastocystis, and Cryptosporidium species in a total of 159 human patients with diarrhea from November 2014 to October 2016. The overall prevalence for the three parasites was 19.5% (31/159). Entamoeba spp. (Entamoeba. dispar and/or Entamoeba histolytica), Blastocystis hominis, and Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1 were detected in 12.6%, 6%, and 0.6 of samples, respectively. This is the first molecular study in Jordan to confirm the diagnosis of Entamoeba species and to discriminate between E. histolytica and E. dispar.
Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Choudhury Parasmita Das , Raja Dina , Sarma Vaishali
Published: September 2024

Human dirofilariasis is a rare infection caused by filarial worms of genus Dirofilaria. Humans may be infected as aberrant (accidental) hosts, mainly by Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis. Most of the cases reported in India are of ocular dirofilariasis, with a few reports on subcutaneous dirofilariasis. We hereby report one such case of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis affecting the neck region of a 63-year male patient from Assam. This case indicates that this infection is a potentially emerging zoonosis in Assam and there is scope of finding more such cases with surveillance.
Deep tech innovation for parasite diagnosis: New dimensions and opportunities
Authors: Parija Subhash Chandra , Poddar Abhijit
Published: September 2024

By converging advanced science, engineering, and design, deep techs are bringing a great wave of future innovations by mastering challenges and problem complexity across sectors and the field of parasitology is no exception. Remarkable research and advancements can be seen in the field of parasite detection and diagnosis through smartphone applications. Supervised and unsupervised data deep learnings are heavily exploited for the development of automated neural network models for the prediction of parasites, eggs, etc., From microscopic smears and/or sample images with more than 99% accuracy. It is expected that several models will emerge in the future wherein greater attention is being paid to improving the model’s accuracy. Invariably, it will increase the chances of adoption across the commercial sectors dealing in health and related applications. However, parasitic life cycle complexity, host range, morphological forms, etc., need to be considered further while developing such models to make the deep tech innovations perfect for bedside and field applications. In this review, the recent development of deep tech innovations focusing on human parasites has been discussed focusing on the present and future dimensions, opportunities, and applications.
Molecular diagnosis and subtyping of Blastocystis sp.: Association with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings
Authors: Issa Yasmine Amr , Ooda Said Ahmed , Salem Aziza Ibrahim , Idris Sahar Nasr , Elderbawy Mona Mohammed , Tolba Mona Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Blastocystis sp. is the most common parasitic infestation in humans. However, its pathogenicity remains controversial. Our aim was to study the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. parasite subtypes in patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy and assess possible correlation with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings.

Methodology:

One hundred patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy were enrolled. Stool samples were collected and examined both microscopically and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detection of Blastocystis sp. Subtyping was done for positive samples by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing.

Results:

qPCR sensitivity far exceeded microscopy in detection of Blastocystis sp. (58% vs. 31%, agreement 38.5%). The most commonly detected subtype was 3 (50%), followed by 2 (32.8%) and 4 (13.8%). Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom; inflammation and colitis were the most common abnormal colonoscopic and histopathological findings. The most frequent subtype encountered in those findings was Subtype 3.

Conclusions:

This study confirmed the importance of using qPCR in diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. An association between abnormal clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings on the one hand, and Blastocystis sp. infestation, especially Subtype 3, on the other hand, is also posed. This necessitates further studies to assess the mechanism of association with pathogenicity.
Prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax among patients with periodontal disease attending Dental Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Oladokun Adenike Olatundun , Ogboru Paul , Opeodu Olanrewaju I. , Lawal Ahmed O. , Falade Mofolusho O.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Periodontal disease is often caused by bacterial plaque. However, there are indications that some infective agents, including parasites, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Aim:

This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, in the oral biofilm of individuals with periodontal diseases using polymerase chain reaction.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and six respondents with periodontal disease participated in the study. All study participants had a full-mouth examination, and dental plaque samples were collected with a sterile curette. Samples were transported to the laboratory in a cold chain and stored frozen till analyzed. DNA was extracted from the samples and amplified using EGO and ENTAM primers for Entamoeba and TGBK primers for T. tenax.

Results:

The mean age of respondents was 45 ± 16.3 years, with none using tobacco. The prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis obtained from this study was 84.9% and 15.1%. The prevalence obtained for Entamoeba and T. tenax was 0.9% each; however, no participant had both parasites. The positive samples were from male participants with moderate gingivitis.

Conclusion:

Gingivitis was more prevalent than periodontitis, though with a high preponderance in females. E. gingivalis and T. tenax may not be of etiologic importance in periodontal disease as they occurred sparsely in the studied population.
Blastocystis spp. infection in cases of diarrhea
Authors: Jha Sweta , Gupta Pratima , Bhatia Mohit
Published: September 2024

Context:

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are among the most common infections throughout the world. Blastocystis spp. is a mysterious parasite which is commonly encountered in tropical countries. Its pathogenic status is unknown and there is a paucity of literature about this organism from the state of Uttarakhand, India.

Aims:

The aim was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in diarrheal stools.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to July 2019.

Subjects and Methods:

Nonrepetitive stool samples of 187 consecutive patients of diarrhea attending the inpatient department and outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, were collected after obtaining informed written consent. These samples were subjected to wet mount microscopy and permanent staining.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Fisher's exact test and Kappa coefficient were used in this study.

Results:

The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 36.04 ± 11.31 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49:1. The prevalence of IPI was 36.09%. Giardia intestinalis was the most common parasite. Blastocystis spp. was observed in 6.42% of the stool samples, majority of which were obtained from cases of chronic diarrhea. Moderate agreement (0.48) was observed between wet mount microscopy and permanent staining in the identification of Blastocystis spp.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to assess the burden and role of different epidemiological and clinical profiles of Blastocystis spp. in Uttarakhand. More studies are required to know its pathogenesis and its role as opportunistic pathogen.
A Comparison of the International Index of Erectile Function and Measurement of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Using the Androscan MIT Device
Authors: Chaliy Michail E. , Ohobotov Dmitri Alexsandrovich , Sorokin Nikolay Ivanovich , Kadrev Aleksey Viktorovich , Dyachuk Larisa I. , Strigunov Andrey A. , Nesterova Olga Yu , Mikhalchenko Alexey V. , Bogachev Roman K. , Abbosov Shukhrat Anvarovich , Tivtikyan Alexander S. , Kamalov Armais A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To determine the agreement between two erectile dysfunction (ED) diagnostic methods, International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) questionnaire and “Androscan MIT” night penile tumescence recorder.

Materials and Methods:

An assessment of ED in 40 patients (age, 25–60 years) was performed using the “Androscan MIT” device and IIEF-15 questionnaire (erectile domain). Cohen's kappa coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine the difference between “Androscan MIT” and IIEF-15 questionnaire results. During ROC-analyses “Androscan MIT” results were considered the gold standard for ED diagnosis.

Results:

“Androscan MIT” results had a significant but weak positive correlation with IIEF-15 questionnaire (kappa value = 0.333, P < 0.01). Based on the ROC-analyses, it was found that the sensitivity and specificity of the IIEF-15 questionnaire for severe ED according to “Androscan MIT” were 100% and 55.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IIEF-15 questionnaire for moderate ED according to “Androscan MIT” were 63.2% and 57.1%, and for mild ED, 23.1% and 33.3% respectively. The lowest accuracy of the IIEF-15 questionnaire was for patients with normal erectile function (sensitivity and specificity were 0% and 44.7%, respectively).

Conclusion:

The agreement between the objective and subjective diagnosis of ED remains low. At the same time, the lower severity of ED according to “Androscan MIT” is associated with less diagnostic value of IIEF-15.
Human Muscle sEMG Signal and Gesture Recognition Technology Based on Multi-Stream Feature Fusion Network
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun
Published: September 2024

Surface electromyography signals have significant value in gesture recognition due to their ability to reflect muscle activity in real time. However, existing gesture recognition technologies have not fully utilized surface electromyography signals, resulting in unsatisfactory recognition results. To this end, firstly, a Butterworth filter was adopted to remove high-frequency noise from the signal. A combined method of moving translation threshold was introduced to extract effective signals. Then, a gesture recognition model based on multi-stream feature fusion network was constructed. Feature extraction and fusion were carried out through multiple parallel feature extraction paths, combined with convolutional neural networks and residual attention mechanisms. Compared to popular methods of the same type, this new recognition method had the highest recognition accuracy of 92.1% and the lowest recognition error of 5%. Its recognition time for a single-gesture image was as short as 4s, with a maximum Kappa coefficient of 0.92. Therefore, this method combining multi-stream feature fusion networks can effectively improve the recognition accuracy and robustness of gestures and has high practical value.
Формула Таманои для орбифолдных эйлеровых характеристик: новый взгляд
Authors: Gusein-Zade Sabir Medzhidovich
Published: September 2024

Формула Таманои - это формула типа Макдональда для орбифолдной эйлеровой характеристики и ее аналогов высших порядков. Эта формула утверждает, что производящий ряд орбифолдных эйлеровых характеристик фиксированного порядка аналогов симметрических степеней для пространства с действием конечной группы представим в виде некоторого единого (явно написанного) степенного ряда в степени, равной орбифолдной эйлеровой характеристике того же порядка самого пространства. В работе, в частности, объясняется, как формула Таманои следует из ее проверки для действия (конечных) групп на одноточечном пространстве. Используемые при этом утверждения обобщаются на аналоги орбифолдной эйлеровой характеристики, соответствующие конечно порожденным группам. Показывается, что для этих обобщений аналог формулы Таманои, вообще говоря, не имеет места.
Согласованные пары скобок Пуассона типа Дубровина-Новикова и лагранжевы представления интегрируемых иерархий
Authors: Pavlov Maxim Valentinovich
Published: September 2024

Рассматриваются согласованные пары локальных гамильтоновых структур типа Дубровина-Новикова и конструкция нелокальных гамильтоновых структур типа Ферапонтова. Доказано, что третья и четвертая гамильтоновы структуры типа Ферапонтова не могут содержать в нелокальной части больше слагаемых, чем число зависимых функций. Также предложены локальные лагранжевы представления для обеих нелокальных гамильтоновых структур. Таким образом, продемонстрировано, что любая гамильтонова система гидродинамического типа, оснащенная согласованной парой локальных гамильтоновых структур типа Дубровина-Новикова, одновременно допускает четыре локальных лагранжевых представления.
Алгебраические и гомологические аспекты эрмитовой $K$-теории
Authors: Popelenskii Fedor Yur'evich
Published: September 2024

В 1970 г. С.П. Новиков предложил систематизацию алгебраических результатов теории перестроек многообразий на основе гамильтонова формализма над кольцами с инволюцией. Его результаты оказали существенное влияние на развитие эрмитовых аналогов алгебраической $K$-теории. Данная статья написана по предложению С.П. Новикова с целью изложить современное состояние исследований на стыке проблем теории многообразий и эрмитовой $K$-теории колец с инволюциями.
Modern technology-based exploration of mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Li De-Hui , Feng Rui-Qi
Published: September 2024

This review comments on the article “To explore the mechanism of Yigong San anti-gastric cancer and immune regulation”. We are interested that the article applied network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to elucidate the mechanism of action of Yigong Sang, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). The mechanism of action of Yigong Sang in the treatment of GC has not yet been elucidated because it is composed of multiple Chinese medicines with multiple components and multiple targets. The emergence of network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis helps explain the mechanism of action of TCM in preventing and treating GC, and provides a possibility for TCM to transform from empirical to evidence-based medicine. This is of great significance for the application of TCM in oncology, new drug development, formula optimization, and the improvement of clinical efficacy.
Predictive modeling for post operative delirium in elderly
Authors: Lamprecht Chris B , Dagra Abeer , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2024

Delirium, a complex neurocognitive syndrome, frequently emerges following surgery, presenting diverse manifestations and considerable obstacles, especially among the elderly. This editorial delves into the intricate phenomenon of postoperative delirium (POD), shedding light on a study that explores POD in elderly individuals undergoing abdominal malignancy surgery. The study examines pathophysiology and predictive determinants, offering valuable insights into this challenging clinical scenario. Employing the synthetic minority oversampling technique, a predictive model is developed, incorporating critical risk factors such as comorbidity index, anesthesia grade, and surgical duration. There is an urgent need for accurate risk factor identification to mitigate POD incidence. While specific to elderly patients with abdominal malignancies, the findings contribute significantly to understanding delirium pathophysiology and prediction. Further research is warranted to establish standardized predictive for enhanced generalizability.
FEATURES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH COVID-19 AND IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD AND TREATMENT METHODS
Authors: Касохов Т.Б. , Абоев А.О. , Каряева С.К. , Гурина А.Е. , Царева А.А. , Цораева З.А. , Цаликова А.А.
Published: September 2024

Глобальное распространение новой коронавирусной инфекции диктует необходимость изучения клинических особенностей COVID-19 и его долгосрочных последствий у детей, особенно в постковидном периоде. У детей и подростков инфекция SARS-CоV-2 обычно вызывает менее тяжелое заболевание и реже приводит к смерти по сравнению со взрослыми. Данный обзор посвящен эпидемиологии, патогенезу, клинической картине, диагностике и профилактике COVID-19 и постковидного синдрома в педиатрической популяции. Иммунный ответ на инфекцию COVID-19 представляет собой сложную, многоэтапную реакцию организма на вирус SARS-CoV-2. Сбои в иммунной системе ребенка – важное направление изучения коронавирусной инфекции у детей. Клиническая картина COVID-19 и постковидного периода у детей характеризуется разнообразием проявлений. Дети, перенесшие COVID-19, могут столкнуться с различными последствиями заболевания, как физическими, так и психологическими. В этой связи следует подробно изучать не только симптомы болезни, но и последствия, которые могут возникнуть после перенесенной инфекции. Грамотный подход к диагностике и лечению COVID-19 у детей, ведению больных в постковидном периоде имеет важное значение, что послужило основанием для выполнения данной работы.

The global spread of the new coronavirus infection dictates the need to study the clinical features of COVID-19 and its long-term consequences in children, especially in the post-COVID period. In children and adolescents, SARS-CoV-2 infection usually causes a less severe disease and is less likely to lead to death compared to adults. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome in the pediatric population. The immune response to COVID-19 infection is a complex, multi-stage reaction of the body to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Failures in the child’s immune system are an important area of studying coronavirus infection in children. The clinical picture of COVID-19 and the post-COVID period in children is characterized by a variety of manifestations. Children who have had COVID-19 may face various consequences of the disease, both physical and psychological. In this regard, it is necessary to study in detail not only the symptoms of the disease, but also the consequences that may arise after the infection. A competent approach to the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, and the management of patients in the post-COVID period is of great importance, which served as the basis for this work.
State Responsibility for Responding to Climate Change - The implication about french climate litigation cases
Authors:   National Public Law Review, JEON Hoon , KIM Heekyung
Published: September 2024

Climate change lawsuits are increasing. In the process of Constitutional complaints by the Constitutional Court, judgments on climate change lawsuits in European countries are expected to have an impact. The French Administrative Court also recognized the existence of “ecological damage” caused by climate change and the state's responsibility for it. In this paper, we reviewed ‘Grande-Synthe’ Community case of Council of State(Conseil d’Etat) where local governments are held accountable for the failure of government actions to comply with the climate change agreement of Paris(2015). And administrative tribunal of Paris, in the case of ‘Affair of the Century(l’affaire du siècle)’, recognized the occurrence of ecological damage caused by climate change and the government's liability for it. We reviewed it in detail with the following:
Ⅰ. Climate change litigation
1. Administrative Justice courts
2. Constitutional Court
Ⅱ. Implication towads Korean Court of Justice
1. Future generation fundmental right
2. Ecological responsability
Pengaruh Sistem Reward dan Recognition terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan di Perusahaan Explore Wisata Organizer
Authors: Agustin Silviani
Published: September 2024

This research aims to explore the influece of reward and recognition systems on employee motivation and performance at the Explore Wisata Organizer. Through a quantitative approach with survey methods, data is collected from employees to evaluate their perceptions of the reward and recognition system implemented. The results of the analysis show that the two systems have a significant impact on employee motivation and performance. These findings emphasize the importance of designing and implementing an effective reward and  recognition system to improve performance in Explore Wisata Organizer companies.
Resilience and Vulnerability of Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Tambak Lorok, Semarang-Indonesia in Facing Flood Risks
Authors: Alidrus Sammy , Wiyono Agus
Published: September 2024

This study examines the resilience and vulnerability of the Tambak Lorok coastal community in Semarang to recurring flood events. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the socio-economic, environmental, and infrastructural aspects influencing the community’s adaptive capacity. Through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, the study identifies key factors contributing to the community’s vulnerability, including reliance on flood-prone economic activities, inadequate housing infrastructure, and limited access to resources. The role of local institutions is also highlighted as a critical factor in enhancing community resilience through training and support programs. Despite ongoing mitigation efforts, such as the construction of levees and drainage improvements, the findings indicate that these measures have not fully protected the community from flood impacts. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving infrastructure, diversifying economic activities, and strengthening disaster mitigation strategies to enhance the long-term resilience of the Tambak Lorok community. This research contributes valuable insights into the challenges faced by coastal communities in adapting to the increasing risks posed by climate change and environmental hazards.