bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Synthesis of the Transparent Conductive Oxide SrVO3
Authors: Shoham Lishai , Baskin Maria , Han Myung‐Geun , Zhu Yimei , Kornblum Lior
Published: October 2019

The correlated metal SrVO3 is an attractive earth‐abundant transparent conducting oxide (TCO), a critical component of many optoelectronic and renewable energy devices. A key challenge is to synthesize films with low resistivity, due to the prevalence of defects that cause electron scattering. In addition to the material's promise as a TCO, its interesting correlated‐electron physics is often obscured by a high defect concentration, which inhibits its further development into new types of devices. A route to synthesize low‐defect SrVO3 films by scalable, industry‐compatible molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is demonstrated. The resulting films consistently exhibit a residual resistivity ratio in the excess of 10 and room temperature resistivity as low as 32 µΩ cm, an indication of their high quality and potential for applications. Analysis of the structural and electronic properties of SrVO3 films provides insights that are applicable to other conductive oxides, and highlights a route for further improvement in their quality and low temperature performance. MBE is the only growth method that allows atomically abrupt epitaxial interfaces between oxides and semiconductors such as Si and GaAs. Such interfaces are essential for efficient charge transport that is at the heart of the performance of most optoelectronic and solar devices.
From directed evolution to computational enzyme engineering—A review
Authors: Chowdhury Ratul , Maranas Costas D.
Published: October 2019

Nature relies on a wide range of enzymes with specific biocatalytic roles to carry out much of the chemistry needed to sustain life. Enzymes catalyze the interconversion of a vast array of molecules with high specificity—from molecular nitrogen fixation to the synthesis of highly specialized hormones and quorum‐sensing molecules. Ever increasing emphasis on renewable sources for energy and waste minimization has turned enzymes into key industrial workhorses for targeted chemical conversions. Modern enzymology is central to not only food and beverage manufacturing processes but also finds relevance in countless consumer product formulations such as proteolytic enzymes in detergents, amylases for excess bleach removal from textiles, proteases in meat tenderization, and lactoperoxidases in dairy products. Herein, we present an overview of enzyme science and engineering milestones and the emergence of directed evolution of enzymes for which the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Dr. Frances Arnold.
Worldwide asthma epidemiology: insights from the Global Health Data Exchange database
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

Background

Enhanced focus on primary care provision is essential for lowering the risk of asthma exacerbation and complications, as well as for decreasing asthma‐related hospitalizations and deaths. This article provides an update on current worldwide epidemiology of asthma.

Methods

Worldwide epidemiologic information on asthma was obtained through electronic searches in the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database.

Results

In 2017, the incidence of asthma was 43.12 million new cases/year (0.56%), while in that same year, prevalence and mortality accounted for 272.68 million cases (3.57%) and 0.49 million deaths (0.006%), respectively. Although the number of asthma cases significantly increased during the last 25 years, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths constantly declined. After adjustment of asthma incidence, prevalence, and DALYs for worldwide demographic variation, no significant changes could be seen during the last 25 years, while asthma mortality significantly declined during the same period. Asthma incidence peaks before the age of 5 years, whereas prevalence and DALYs peaks are observed between 0 and 14 years. DALYs also display a second peak, between 45 and 74 years. Asthma mortality increases with aging, reaching the peak after 80 years. The epidemiologic burden and mortality of asthma are constantly higher in women than in men. An inverse, highly significant correlation can be found between sociodemographic index and asthma incidence (r = −0.98) or mortality (r = −0.96).

Conclusion

Although the worldwide burden of asthma remains high, incidence and prevalence are not apparently translating into an escalating clinical and economic burden in terms of health loss and deaths.
Generation of NOON States in Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Soto‐Eguibar Francisco , Moya‐Cessa Héctor M.
Published: October 2019

A method to generate NOON states with three photons by injecting photons in an array of three waveguides is presented. Conditional measurements project the wave function in a given (desired) state. In passing, it is shown how the array of three waveguides, that effectively reproduces the interaction of three fields, may be reduced to the interaction of two fields.
Asymmetric Magnesium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration by Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Falconnet Alban , Magre Marc , Maity Bholanath , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus
Published: October 2019

Asymmetric catalysis with readily available, cheap, and non‐toxic alkaline earth metal catalysts represents a sustainable alternative to conventional synthesis methodologies. In this context, we describe the development of a first MgII‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroboration providing the products with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. NMR spectroscopy studies and DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity which can be explained by a metal‐ligand cooperative catalysis pathway involving a non‐innocent ligand.
A Photowelding Strategy for Conductivity Restoration in Flexible Circuits
Authors: Sun Yunyu , Yang Mingcheng , Guo Yutong , Cheng Mengjiao , Dong Bin , Shi Feng
Published: October 2019

Light‐driven micropumps, which are based on electro‐osmosis with the electric field generated by photocatalytic reactions, are among most attractive research topics in chemical micromotors. Until now, research in this field has mainly been focused on the directional motion or collective behavior of microparticles, which lack practical applications. In this study, we have developed a photowelding strategy for repeated photoinduced conductivity recovery of cracked flexible circuits. We immersed the circuit in a suspension of conductive healing particles and applied photoillumination to the crack; photocatalysis of a predeposited pentacene (PEN) layer triggered electro‐osmotic effects to gather conductive particles at the crack, thus leading to conductivity recovery of the circuit. This photowelding strategy is a novel application of light‐driven micropumps and photocatalysis for conductivity restoration.
Sequential Oxidation and C−H Bond Activation at a Gallium(I) Center
Authors: Kassymbek Aishabibi , Vyboishchikov Sergei F. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Spasyuk Denis , Pilkington Melanie , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: October 2019

In situ oxidation of the GaI compound NacNacGa by either N2O or pyridine oxide results in the generation of a labile monomeric oxide, NacNacGa(O), which can easily cleave the C−H bonds of aliphatic and aromatic substrates featuring good donor sites. The products of this reaction are gallium organyl hydroxides. DFT calculations show that these reactions start with the formation of NacNac‐Ga(O)(L) adducts, the oxo ligand of which can easily abstract protons from nearby C−H bonds, even for sp2‐hybridized carbon centers. Aliphatic amines do not enter this reaction for kinetic reasons, presumably because of the unfavorable sterics.
A switchable ionic liquid with polarity swing‐assisted regeneration properties used for the preconcentration of cadmium in biological samples
Authors: Kazi Tasneem Gul , Samejo Suraya , Afridi Hassan Imran , Akhtar Asma , Baig Jameel Ahmed
Published: October 2019

In the present study the cadmium (Cd) was determined in serum samples of psoriatic patients. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated according to criteria based on standard clinical diagnosis using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. In present study, an innovative tunable green solvent system based microextraction (TSS‐ME) was applied for the enrichment of Cd in acid digested serum samples prior to determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The hydrophobic complex of Cd‐ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was extracted in a tunable solvent system which was prepared from a polybasic amine (N, N, N′, N′‐tetramethyl‐1, 4‐diaminobutane), decanol and water system. The tunable green solvent system (TSS) which has zero ionic strength was converted to homogeneous monophasic polar hydrophilic phase via exposure to CO2 at different pressure and time duration. Then hydrophobic enriched Cd‐ ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was back extracted, using HNO3 (0.1 to 0.5 mol L−1) then the second round of TSS‐ME was applied. The acidic aqueous phase enrich with analyte was separated from tunable solvent. The separated TSS was easily reused for up to 10 time for preconcentration purposes without loss of its enrichment character. The smoker and nonsmoker psoriatic patients at PASI >10, have two to three folds higher Cd levels in serum samples than healthy persons.
Encapsulation of Long‐Chain n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Egg Yolk
Authors: Gonzalez‐Toledo Selene , Wu Jianping
Published: October 2019

Egg yolk is well known for its excellent emulsifying property. In this article, egg yolk was used as the encapsulating matrix to prevent the oxidation of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil. A 2 × 2 × 5 complete block design with three replications was used. Two levels of fish oil (1% and 5%) and two levels of esterification type (triglycerides or ethyl esters) of eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic fatty acids were used. Time was considered a fixed factor with five levels. Emulsions were prepared by homogenization and stored for up to 4 weeks at 4–6 °C, with weekly sampling. Emulsions were analyzed for particle size and distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and surface oil. The oxidative stability of the emulsions was evaluated before and after cooking at 150–170 °C for 75 s. The addition of triglycerides resulted in a larger average particle size (234 ± 12.4 nm). All emulsions achieved 100% encapsulation efficiency and showed no significant change in the surface oil concentration during storage. After 4 weeks of storage, the concentration of eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic fatty acids in nonencapsulated fish oil triglycerides and ethyl esters decreased by 20.32% and 14.74%, respectively, while the emulsions showed no significant differences. In addition, no peroxide or propanal formation was detected in raw emulsions over the storage period. Propanal formation was negligible in cooked samples, and the peroxide value showed no differences between the egg yolk control and the emulsions. Therefore, egg yolk was observed to be an efficient encapsulating food matrix that protects n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidation and degradation.
A stranding record of the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in Algerian West Coast, during 2008–2012
Authors: Larbi Doukara Kamel
Published: October 2019

Marine mammals stranding data provide valuable information on causes of mortality for cetacean populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the stranding events of common dolphins along the Algerian west coast, and estimate the proportion of human vs. non‐human induced mortality of the population.

Between 2008 and 2012, out of the 52 cetacean stranding records along the Algerian west coast, common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were recorded in 14 cases. All recorded strandings were of individual cases with no mass strandings registered during the reported period.

To examine the proportion of human and non‐human induced mortality affecting this population, necropsies were conducted. In 10 cases, an interaction with some type of fishing gear had occurred; in three, there was no link with human activity; and in one case, it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the condition of the carcass (severely decomposed).
Using degradation models to assess pipeline life
Authors: Tian Qinglong , Liu Shiyao , Meeker William Q.
Published: October 2019

Longitudinal inspections of thickness at particular locations along a pipeline provide useful information to assess the remaining life of the pipeline. In applications with different mechanisms of corrosion processes, we have observed various types of general degradation paths. We present two applications of fitting a degradation model to describe the corrosion initiation and growth behavior in a pipeline. We use a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation for the degradation model. The failure‐time and remaining lifetime distributions are derived from the degradation model, and we compute Bayesian estimates and credible intervals of the failure‐time and remaining lifetime distributions for both individual segments and for the entire pipeline circuit.
Korrosionsdetektion an Stahlbetonbauwerken: konventionell und innovativ
Authors: Keßler Sylvia , Emmenegger Leonidas P. , Sagüés Alberto A.
Published: October 2019

Die geplante Lebensdauer von Stahlbetonbauwerken wird häufig aufgrund von chloridinduzierter Bewehrungskorrosion erheblich reduziert. Chloride aus Tausalzbeaufschlagung oder Meeresexposition dringen in den Beton ein und sobald ein kritischer Chloridgehalt an der Bewehrung angekommen ist, wird Korrosion initiiert. Die Folgen von Bewehrungskorrosion sind Risse und Abplatzungen des Betons, wodurch zunächst die Verkehrssicherheit und in einem fortgeschrittenen Schädigungsgrad auch die Tragfähigkeit eingeschränkt werden kann. Im Zuge der Bauwerksinspektion von chloridexponierten Bauwerken ist daher die Detektion der Bewehrungskorrosion unerlässlich, um zu klären, ob Korrosion bereits initiiert wurde und in welchem Umfang das Bauwerk davon betroffen ist. Erst auf Basis dieser Daten können Inspektionsintervalle und Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen zielgerichtet, nachhaltig und ökonomisch geplant werden. Die konventionelle Methode zur Detektion von Bewehrungskorrosion ist die potentialfeldmessung, bei der das potential zwischen der Bewehrung und einer auf dem Beton aufgesetzten Bezugselektrode ermittelt wird. Zudem wurde in den letzten Jahren an der University of South Florida eine innovative Art der Korrosionsdetektion entwickelt, die auf dem Messprinzip der Kelvinsonde basiert. Die Methode hat den großen Vorteil, dass kein physischer Kontakt zum Beton erforderlich ist. Die Lage und die Verteilung der mit der Kelvinsonde gemessenen Oberflächenpotentiale zeigen in Vergleichsmessungen sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit Messwerten aus der potentialfeldmessung. Beide Methoden zur Korrosionsdetektion werden hier vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Population‐based birth defects data in the United States, 2012–2016: A focus on abdominal wall defects
Authors: Stallings Erin B. , Isenburg Jennifer L. , Short Tyiesha D. , Heinke Dominique , Kirby Russell S. , Romitti Paul A. , Canfield Mark A. , O'Leary Leslie A. , Liberman Rebecca F. , Forestieri Nina E. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Sandidge Theresa , Nestoridi Eirini , Salemi Jason L. , Nance Amy E. , Duckett Kirstan , Ramirez Glenda M. , Shan Xiaoyi , Shi Jing , Lupo Philip J.
Published: October 2019

Background/Objectives

In this report, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) examines and compares gastroschisis and omphalocele for a recent 5‐year birth cohort using data from 30 population‐based birth defect surveillance programs in the United States.

Methods

As a special call for data for the 2019 NBDPN Annual Report, state programs reported expanded data on gastroschisis and omphalocele for birth years 2012–2016. We estimated the overall prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each defect as well as by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, and case ascertainment methodology utilized by the program (active vs. passive). We also compared distribution of cases by maternal and infant factors and presence/absence of other birth defects.

Results

The overall prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were 4.3 (95% CI: 4.1–4.4) for gastroschisis and 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0–2.2) for omphalocele. Gastroschisis was more frequent among young mothers (<25 years) and omphalocele more common among older mothers (>40 years). Mothers of infants with gastroschisis were more likely to be underweight/normal weight prior to pregnancy and mothers of infants with omphalocele more likely to be overweight/obese. Omphalocele was twice as likely as gastroschisis to co‐occur with other birth defects.

Conclusions

This report highlights important differences between gastroschisis and omphalocele. These differences indicate the importance of distinguishing between these defects in epidemiologic assessments. The report also provides additional data on co‐occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele with other birth defects. This information can provide a basis for future research to better understand these defects.
Clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant small renal masses among Asian population
Authors: Shen Lin , Li Yanyan , Li Na , Zhao Yajie , Zhou Qin , Li Zhanzhan
Published: October 2019

We assessed the clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant small renal masses using a meta‐analysis of diagnostic test. We performed a comprehensive online search in the following database including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception to August 25, 2019. the following index were calculated for assessing the diagnostic ability, including sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The overall sensitivity was 0.93 with 95% CI of 0.88‐0.95. The specificity was 0.71 and the 95% CI was 0.60‐0.80. The pooled AUC was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88‐0.93). The diagnostic odds ratio was 31 (95% CI: 21‐45). The NLR and PLR were 0.10 (95% CI: 0.07‐0.15) and 3.2(95% CI: 2.3‐4.4), respectively. There is a slight heterogeneity within studies. The subgroup analysis was also performed. For retrospective and perspective, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.71, 0.73; For different diameter lesions, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93, 0.94 and 0.64, 0.74; For sample size (≤median vs. >median), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94, 0.93 and 0.67, 0.77. The Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test in indicated no publication bias. The CEUS have a high diagnostic ability in differentiating benign and malignant small renal masses among Asian population.
A New Type of Anatolian Propolis: Evaluation of Its Chemical Composition, Activity Profile and Botanical Origin
Authors: Tugba Degirmencioglu Hacer , Guzelmeric Etil , Yuksel Parla Isil , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Deniz Inci , Yesilada Erdem
Published: October 2019

This study was undertaken to analyze the phenolic profiles of 19 propolis samples from Turkey by using a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method in order to identify their plant origins. Furthermore, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity profiles were comparatively evaluated. For the appraisal of antioxidant potential, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of propolis samples were firstly determined and then their effects on free radicals were evaluated by FRAP, ABTS.+, CUPRAC, DPPH. and HPTLC‐DPPH. methods. Antimicrobial activity of propolis samples against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. HPTLC fingerprinting analyses revealed that O‐type (botanical origin from Populus nigra L.) was the primarily available propolis type in Turkey. Moreover, 3‐O‐methylquercetin (3MQ) rich propolis was identified as a new propolis type for the first time. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that 3MQ‐type propolis differs from the O‐type. Antioxidant activity studies showed that O‐type of propolis possesses higher antioxidant effect than the other tested propolis types. Quercetin, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin were determined to contribute significantly to the antioxidant potential of O‐type propolis among others. Propolis extracts exerted moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms with MIC values between the ranges of 128–512 μg/mL.
Study of the protective effect on damaged intestinal epithelial cells of rat multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells
Authors: Sun Dong , Yang Liu , Cao Huan , Shen Zhong‐Yang , Song Hong‐Li
Published: October 2019

In this study, we determined whether multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells exist in rat bone marrow and elucidated their effects on protection against the injury of intestinal epithelial cells associated with inflammation. Rat Muse cells were separated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) by trypsin‐incubation stress. The group of cells maintained the characteristics of BMMSCs; however, there were high positive expression levels of stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐3 (SSEA‐3; 75.6 ± 2.8%) and stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐1 (SSEA‐1; 74.8 ± 3.1%), as well as specific antigens including Nanog, POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT 3/4), and SRY‐box 2 (SOX 2). After inducing differentiation, α‐fetoprotein (endodermal), α‐smooth muscle actin and neurofilament medium polypeptide (ectodermal) were positive in Muse cells. Injuries of intestinal epithelial crypt cell‐6 (IEC‐6) and colorectal adenocarcinoma 2 (Caco‐2) cells as models were induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation in vitro. Muse cells exhibited significant protective effects on the proliferation and intestinal barrier structure, the underlying mechanisms of which were related to reduced levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and the restoration of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and IL‐10 in the inflammation microenvironment. In summary, there were minimal levels of pluripotent stem cells in rat bone marrow, which exhibit similar properties to human Muse cells. Rat Muse cells could provide protection against damage to intestinal epithelial cells depending on their anti‐inflammatory and immune regulatory functionality. Their functional impact was more obvious than that of BMMSCs.
Breast tuberculosis: A case report of primary type mammary tuberculosis
Authors: Tazzioli Giovanni , Macolino Antonella , Combi Francesca , Palma Enza , Papi Simona , Codeluppi Mauro , Mussini Cristina
Published: October 2019

Mammary tuberculosis is exceptional in developed countries. It can mimic an abscess or a granulomatous mastitis. In subjects coming from endemic areas, it is necessary to suspect a tuberculosis infection in case of recurrent mastitis refractory to antibiotics. Positivity of Quantiferon‐TB Gold assay can help to confirm the clinical suspicion.
Efficient Synthesis of Muramic and Glucuronic Acid Glycodendrimers as Dengue Virus Antagonists
Authors: García‐Oliva Cecilia , Cabanillas Alfredo H. , Perona Almudena , Hoyos Pilar , Rumbero Ángel , Hernáiz María J.
Published: October 2019

Carbohydrates are involved in many important pathological processes, such as bacterial and viral infections, by means of carbohydrate‐protein interactions. Glycoconjugates with multiple carbohydrates are involved in multivalent interactions, thus increasing their binding strengths to proteins. In this work, we report the efficient synthesis of novel muramic and glucuronic acid glycodendrimers as potential Dengue virus antagonists. Aromatic scaffolds functionalized with a terminal ethynyl groups were coupled to muramic and glucuronic acid azides by click chemistry through optimized synthetic strategies to afford the desired glycodendrimers with high yields. Surface Plasmon Resonance studies have demonstrated that the compounds reported bind efficiently to the Dengue virus envelope protein. Molecular modelling studies were carried out to simulate and explain the binding observed. These studies confirm that efficient chemical synthesis of glycodendrimers can be brought about easily offering a versatile strategy to find new active compounds against Dengue virus.
Organic Semiconducting Materials Based on BDOPV: Structures, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Ding Li , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: October 2019

What are the major current research activities of your group?

To develop high performance organic semiconducting and conducting materials and also to understand their structure‐property relationships. We are also interested in the effect of the aggregation states of the conjugated polymers on their electronic properties, the doping process and mechanism.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Curiosity and the desire to learn. Meanwhile, one should enjoy and be happy in the process of scientific exploration.

Could you please share some experiences with young researchers in starting up their career?

Keeping in mind that doing research is never a torturous course but always a process with pleasure, during which your curiosity gets satisfied

and you can better understand about the science under the experiment. Meanwhile, one will get a sense of achievement whenever you solve a problem or overcome the challenge.

How do you supervise your students?

A supervise should share joys and tears with them, and give them a hand when they need help.

What's your hobbies?

I enjoy anything that makes me think, like reading. And I prefer cooking.

Which kinds of journals do you think are outstanding journals?

There is no need for us to evaluate a commercialized journal. One should focus on the research process they are conducting instead of the publications.

Organic semiconductors have achieved remarkable development due to their promising applications in low‐cost, lightweight, and flexible electronics. Both n‐type and p‐type semiconductors with comparable performance are necessary for high quality p‐n junctions, complementary circuits. However, compared with their p‐type counterparts, in which the hole mobilities are even up to 40 cm2·V–1·s–1, only few n‐type semiconductors exhibited electron mobilities surpassing 1 cm2·V–1·s–1. Recently, benzodifurandione‐ based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)‐based small molecules and polymers have exhibited outstanding electronic performance and ambient‐stability: the highest electron mobility is up to 14.9 cm2·V–1·s–1. In addition, BDOPV‐based polymers exhibit great potential applications in thermoelectric devices, biomedicine, etc. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight into BDOPV derivatives from rational design, structure‐property relationships, morphology control, and their applications.
Immunophenotypic Detection of Measurable Residual (Stem Cell) Disease Using LAIP Approach in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zeijlemaker Wendelien , Kelder Angele , Cloos Jacqueline , Schuurhuis Gerrit Jan
Published: October 2019

Half of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), who achieve complete remission after chemotherapy treatment, will ultimately experience a relapse. Measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important post‐treatment risk factor in AML, because it gives additional information about the depth of the remission. Within MRD, the small population of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is thought to be at the base of the actual relapse. In this protocol, the flow cytometric detection of MRD and LSCs herein is outlined. We give a detailed overview of the sampling procedures for optimal multiparameter flow cytometry assessment of both MRD and LSC, using leukemia associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) and LSC markers. Moreover, an overview of the gating strategies to detect LAIPs and LSC markers is provided. This protocol serves as guidance for flow cytometric detection of measurable residual (stem cell) disease necessary for proper therapeutic decision making in AML patients. © 2019 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: Immunophenotypic LAIP detection for measurable residual disease monitoring

Basic Protocol 2: Immunophenotypic detection of CD34+CD38− leukemic stem cells
Retracted: Multiscale fast correlation filtering tracking algorithm based on a feature fusion model
Authors: Chen Yuantao , Wang Jin , Liu Songjie , Chen Xi , Xiong Jie , Xie Jingbo , Yang Kai
Published: October 2019

Retraction: Multiscale fast correlation filtering tracking algorithm based on a feature fusion model Yuantao Chen, Jin Wang, Songjie Liu, Xi Chen, Jie Xiong, Jingbo Xie, Kai Yang, 2021, 33 (15), (https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5533
Search for New Molybdenum‐Based Crystal Scintillators for the Neutrino‐Less Double Beta Decay Search Experiment
Authors: Kim HongJoo , Pandey Indra Raj , Khan Arshad , Son Ju‐Kyung , Lee Moo Hyun , Kim Yeongduk
Published: October 2019

Studies of Li2O–MoO3, Cs2MoO4–MoO3, and Na2O–MoO3 phases have helped us to develop several new crystals such as Li2MoO4, Li4Mo5O17, Li2Mo4O13 Cs2MoO4, Cs2Mo2O7, Cs2Mo3O10 Na2Mo2O7, and Na6Mo11O36 grown by a Czochralski method. Syntheses of the polycrystalline materials are discussed based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis and the crystals’ structures are reported based on the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Luminescence properties of the crystals from room temperature to 10 K are studied by exciting the crystal with a 280 nm light emitting diode (LED). The scintillation light yields of the crystals at different low temperatures are studied by exciting the crystal with strontium‐90 (90Sr) beta source. The developed crystals are not luminescent at room temperature. At cryogenic temperature, however, they become luminescent with longer decay times. This work also reports on the luminescence and scintillation properties of ZnMoO4, PbMoO4, Pb2MoO5, and CaMoO4 crystals which have been grown at other institutes. The newly developed crystals’ results are compared with the result of a standard CaMoO4 crystal. Among the new Mo‐based crystals, the Na2Mo2O7 crystal shows the most promising properties for the neutrino‐less double beta decay (0νββ) search experiments at cryogenic temperature.
Reflective structured dialogue: A qualitative thematic analysis
Authors: Gower Katherine , Cornelius Llewellyn , Rawls Raye , Walker Brandy B.
Published: October 2019

Reflective Structured Dialogue (RSD) is a specific type of dialogue intervention designed to help individuals on opposing sides of controversial political and social issues share their perspectives, and communicate in a manner that allows them to better understand one another. The current study examined outcomes from case studies on RSD using qualitative thematic analysis. Eight articles were analyzed, using an inductive grounded theory approach. The major themes that emerged were embracing multiple perspectives, positions of power, stronger/more positive connections, better communication, personal growth/self‐reflection, and challenges/limitations. Implications, recommendations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Branched Bio‐Lubricant Base Oil Production through Aldol Condensation
Authors: Norton Angela M. , Liu Sibao , Saha Basudeb , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: October 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Dionisios G. Vlachos at the Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware. The cover design shows the application of renewable feedstocks to make a lubricant base oil that can be used in a racecar. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201901838.
Glyco‐metabolic control, inflammation markers, and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients on insulin pump or multiple daily injection (italico study)
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Catena Gabriele , Scelsi Laura , D'Angelo Angela , Raddino Riccardo , Cosentino Eugenio , Maggi Antonio , Pasini Gianfranco , Borghi Claudio , Maffioli Pamela
Published: October 2019

Background

To evaluate if the positive effects recorded on glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were maintained on the long‐term compared with multiple daily injection (MDI). The secondary objective was to evaluate if there is a reduction of type and number of cardiovascular events (CV).

Methods

This retrospective, observational study evaluated glycaemic control and the number of CV in 104 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes previously treated with MDI and initiating CSII therapy with tubed insulin pumps compared with 109 patients previously treated with MDI continuing MDI.

Results

After 8 years, the glycaemic control including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and prandial plasma glucose (PPG) improved with both CSII and MDI compared with baseline; however, HbA1c, FPG, and PPG recorded with CSII were lower than data recorded with MDI. During the 8 years, there were fewer CV events with CSII, compared with MDI, and in particular, there were fewer cases of atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, acute coronary infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, and peripheral vascular ischemia. We did not record any reduction of ischemic stroke events.

Conclusion

Our preliminary data suggest that CSII treatment seems to reduce the rates of CV compared with MDI therapy. Moreover, CSII also improved glycaemic control, without increasing the number of hypoglycaemia. However, given the observational design of this trial, our data should be validated in a randomized clinical trial; if they will be confirmed, CSII could be chosen for fully informed and motivated patients at higher risk of developing CV.
Most women with anorexia nervosa report less eating pathology on days when they are more self‐compassionate than usual
Authors: Kelly Allison C. , Waring Sydney V. , Dupasquier Jessica R.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Individuals with eating disorders who have lower trait levels of self‐compassion have more severe eating pathology. This study examined the extent to which levels of self‐compassion fluctuate day‐to‐day in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and whether these fluctuations contribute to their eating pathology.

Method

For 2 weeks, 33 women with typical (75%) and atypical AN reported on their daily eating pathology and self‐compassion.

Results

Nearly half the variance in participants' self‐compassion scores occurred at the within‐persons daily level. Multilevel modeling revealed that on days when participants were more self‐compassionate than usual, their eating pathology was lower. However, this effect was moderated by participants' mean self‐compassion level over the 2 weeks. Specifically, daily self‐compassion was negatively related to eating pathology among individuals with average and higher mean self‐compassion levels but was not related to eating pathology among those with lower levels.

Discussion

One‐time self‐reports of self‐compassion in individuals with AN may overlook the substantial within‐person variability in their self‐compassion levels. For most individuals with AN, responding to distressing daily experiences with more compassion than usual should be associated with decreased eating pathology. More work is needed to understand how individuals lower in dispositional self‐compassion can benefit from these upward fluctuations.
Conductivity analysis of hydraulic fractures filled with nonspherical proppants in tight oil reservoir
Authors: Xu Jiaxiang , Ding Yunhong , Yang Lifeng , Liu Zhe , Gao Rui , Yang Hanxuan , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is an effective way to exploit hydrocarbons in tight oil reservoir. The success of this technique lies on the creation of high conductivity channels for the oil and gas. Quantitative analysis of factors influencing the conductivity of propped fractures is significant for the design of the operation schedule. According to the definition of sphericity, cylindrical and planar proppants of different sphericity and sizes were presented. And disordered packs of nonspherical proppants in fractures of different widths were established by the discrete element method. The change of the proppant embedment and fracture width under different closure pressures were analyzed by the solid mechanics. During the fracture deformation, the pressure and velocity of the fluid flowing in fractures were simulated by Lattice‐Boltzmann method. Based on that, the effect of the proppant size, sphericity, and the fracture width on the permeability and conductivity of hydraulic fractures were investigated. The accuracy of the model was verified by the experimental data. The simulation results show that the fracture permeability and conductivity decrease with the decrease in the rock's Young's modulus, proppant size, and sphericity, and their stress sensitivity increases with the decrease in the rock's Young's modulus and the increase in the proppant size. Increasing fracture width can improve fracture conductivity more significantly than increasing fracture permeability. The permeability and conductivity of the fractures filled cylindrical proppants are higher than that of the fractures filled with planar proppants.
Feasibility of Hydrogen Compression in an Electrochemical System: Focus on Water Transport Mechanisms
Authors: Sdanghi G. , Dillet J. , Didierjean S. , Fierro V. , Maranzana G.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the behavior of an electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) able to compress hydrogen up to 32 bar was investigated. The current density distribution along the EHC was measured using a segmented cell. It was found to decrease from 0.75 A cm−2 to 0.65 A cm−2 along the EHC when using Nafion 117 and when high relative humidity hydrogen was fed to the EHC (at 0.66 A cm−2 and 0.36 V). This drop corresponded to a decrease of the relative humidity of the hydrogen flow from 90 to 55% along the gas channels at the anode side, evidencing the local dehydration of the PEM due to the unbalanced water transport across the membrane. As a consequence, the membrane resistance increased, thus a higher voltage had to be supplied to the EHC in order to maintain good performances, decreasing the overall efficiency. On the other hand, unstable operating conditions were observed when using hydrogen with a low relative humidity.

A pseudo‐2D model was developed along with experimental studies to estimate the physical parameters enhancing the efficiency of the EHC. A higher efficiency was obtained when using a thinner membrane than Nafion 117 (53% vs. 37%, at 60 °C and 0.66 A cm−2).
Suicidal ideation is common in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease at‐risk persons
Authors: Ng Kok Pin , Richard‐Devantoy Stéphane , Bertrand Josie‐Anne , Jiang Lai , Pascoal Tharick A. , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Therriault Joseph , Yatawara Chathuri , Kandiah Nagaendran , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To study the frequency of suicidal ideation and its association with clinical and neurobiological correlates among cognitively intact autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) at‐risk individuals.

Methods/Design

In a cross‐sectional study of 183 ADAD at‐risk individuals (91 mutation carriers and 92 noncarriers), we compared the frequency of suicidal ideation among carriers and noncarriers. Linear mixed‐effects models with family‐level random effects evaluated the relationships between geriatric depression scale (GDS), neuropsychiatric inventory‐questionnaire (NPI‐Q), and suicidal ideation scores among all ADAD at‐risk individuals. An interaction term was added to the regression models to evaluate the interactions of suicidal ideation and mutation status on neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Results

Twenty‐six (14.20%) ADAD at‐risk individuals (13 [14.28%] carriers and 13 [14.13%] noncarriers) had suicidal ideation. The frequency of suicidal ideation did not differ between carriers and noncarriers. Suicidal ideation was associated with higher GDS among all ADAD at‐risk individuals. When stratified into mutation carrier status, noncarriers with suicidal ideation had higher GDS than carriers. There was no statistically significant association between suicidal ideation and NPI‐Q among ADAD at‐risk individuals. Awareness of mutation status, neuropsychological performances, and cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers were not associated with suicidal ideation among carriers and noncarriers.

Conclusions

Suicidal ideation is common among cognitively intact ADAD at‐risk individuals. While ADAD at‐risk individuals with suicidal ideation have greater depressive symptoms, noncarriers with suicidal ideation have higher GDS scores than carriers. Interestingly, awareness of the mutation status was not associated with suicidal ideation in our study. Early identification of suicidal thoughts can facilitate timely interventions to prevent suicidal behaviours.

Keywords autosomal dominant Alzheimer's diseasedominantly inherited Alzheimer's networkneuropsychiatric symptomssuicidal ideation
Polysiloxanes Modified by Thiol‐Ene Reaction and Their Interaction with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lemonier Stéphane , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Fitremann Juliette
Published: October 2019

A poly(vinylmethyl‐co‐dimethyl)siloxane has been functionalized with phenylethanethiol, N‐methylmercaptoacetamide and heptadecafluoro‐1‐decanethiol by a thermal radical thiol‐ene reaction initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. The resulting polymers were obtained in good yields with most of the time a complete conversion of the vinyl groups. The reaction also preserved the fragile polysiloxane backbone. The polymer, grafted with about 25 % of mercapto‐acetamide groups is soluble in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, opening the way for further functionalization with polar molecules such as unprotected carbohydrates. Spherical and branched gold nanoparticles were coated with these polymers. This coating induced a surface resonance plasmon shift resulting from the interaction of the grafted polysiloxanes with the nanoparticle surface. The shift can be explained by the variation of the refractive index of the side groups but may be also related to the self‐organization of polysiloxanes and their interactions with the gold surface depending on their polarity.
Decellularized liver matrix as substrates for rescue of acute hepatocytes toxicity
Authors: Hou Yung‐te , Hsu Shan‐hui , Lee Kuang‐Min
Published: October 2019

More and more scholars regard the lesion of liver cirrhosis as a series of progressive clinical stages. Besides, liver cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver, and has long been a common cause of death for the global adult population, thus, the treatment of liver cirrhosis is a key point investigated in the biomedical field. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis; if decellularized liver matrix (DLM) is possible injected into the injurant‐induced fiberized liver via the hepatic portal vein to thoroughly repair the liver, it may be an effective therapeutic method for liver fibrosis or even liver cirrhosis. This study mixed rat DLM with gelatin‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (Glt‐HPA) to form a three‐dimensional structure to simulate the in vivo liver environment, and cultured the primary rat hepatocytes in it. Afterward, the hepatocytes were treated using D‐galactosamine (GaIN), CHCl3, and CCl4‐containing medium to simulate the toxin‐mediated liver fibrosis in vitro. Finally, they were cultured in a DLM‐containing medium to observe the viability and functions of the damaged hepatocytes, and the hypothesis of this research was proved, meaning that Glt‐HPA‐DLM acting on damaged hepatocytes may repair them. Results have shown that Glt‐HPA‐DLM was effective for hepatocytes culture and repaired injured hepatocytes from GaIN, CHCl3, and CCl4 (albumin synthesis was increased by 219, 108, and 12%, respectively, whereas relative lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 38, 68, and 67%, after 5 days of culture, separately). This research shows promising effects against hepatic fibrosis and may have potential for liver cirrhosis in vivo.
HR-pQCT Measures of Bone Microarchitecture Predict Fracture: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Bishop Nick , Burghardt Andrew J , Folkestad Lars , Hall Anthony , Kozloff Kenneth M , Lukey Pauline T , Molloy-Bland Michael , Morin Suzanne N , Offiah Amaka C , Shapiro Jay , van Rietbergen Bert , Wager Kim , Willie Bettina M , Komarova Svetlana V , Glorieux Francis H
Published: October 2019

High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality for assessing volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microarchitecture of cancellous and cortical bone. The objective was to (1) assess fracture-associated differences in HR-pQCT bone parameters; and (2) to determine if HR-pQCT is sufficiently precise to reliably detect these differences in individuals. We systematically identified 40 studies that used HR-pQCT (39/40 used XtremeCT scanners) to assess 1291 to 3253 and 3389 to 10,687 individuals with and without fractures, respectively, ranging in age from 10.9 to 84.7 years with no comorbid conditions. Parameters describing radial and tibial bone density, microarchitecture, and strength were extracted and percentage differences between fracture and control subjects were estimated using a random effects meta-analysis. An additional meta-analysis of short-term in vivo reproducibility of bone parameters assessed by XtremeCT was conducted to determine whether fracture-associated differences exceeded the least significant change (LSC) required to discern measured differences from precision error. Radial and tibial HR-pQCT parameters, including failure load, were significantly altered in fracture subjects, with differences ranging from −2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] −3.4 to −1.9) in radial cortical vBMD to −12.6% (95% CI −15.0 to −10.3) in radial trabecular vBMD. Fracture-associated differences reported by prospective studies were consistent with those from retrospective studies, indicating that HR-pQCT can predict incident fracture. Assessment of study quality, heterogeneity, and publication biases verified the validity of these findings. Finally, we demonstrated that fracture-associated deficits in total and trabecular vBMD and certain tibial cortical parameters can be reliably discerned from HR-pQCT-related precision error and can be used to detect fracture-associated differences in individual patients. Although differences in other HR-pQCT measures, including failure load, were significantly associated with fracture, improved reproducibility is needed to ensure reliable individual cross-sectional screening and longitudinal monitoring. In conclusion, our study supports the use of HR-pQCT in clinical fracture prediction. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.