bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSF inflammation and axonal damage are increased and correlate in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Romme Christensen Jeppe , Börnsen Lars , Khademi Mohsen , Olsson Tomas , Jensen Poul Erik , Sørensen Per Soelberg , Sellebjerg Finn
Published: November 2012

Background:

The mechanism underlying disease progression in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain. Pathological studies found widespread inflammation in progressive MS brains correlating with disease progression and axonal damage.

Objectives:

To study cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and clarify whether inflammation and axonal damage are associated in progressive MS.

Methods:

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we analysed CSF from 40 secondary progressive (SPMS), 21 primary progressive (PPMS), and 36 relapsing–remitting (RRMS) and 20 non-inflammatory neurological disease (NIND) patients. Twenty-two of the SPMS patients participated in an MBP8298 peptide clinical trial and had CSF follow-up after one year.

Results:

Compared to NIND patients, inflammatory biomarkers osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were increased in all MS patients while CXCL13 was increased in RRMS and SPMS patients. Biomarkers of axonal damage (NFL) and demyelination (MBP) were increased in all MS patients. In progressive MS patients CSF levels of osteopontin and CXCL13 correlated with NFL while osteopontin and MMP9 correlated with MBP. MBP8298 treatment did not affect the levels of the biomarkers after one year of treatment. All biomarkers were continuously increased after one year of follow-up except MBP, which decreased.

Conclusion:

CSF biomarkers of inflammation, axonal damage and demyelination are continuously increased in progressive MS patients and correlate. These findings parallel pathology studies, emphasise a relationship between inflammation, axonal damage and demyelination and support the use of CSF biomarkers in progressive MS clinical trials.
Effect of Occupants’ Behaviour of Daylight Controls on Residential Visual Environment
Authors: Shin Hwa Young , Kim Gon , Kim Jeong Tai
Published: November 2012

This paper aims to assess how occupants perceived their visual environments of diverse luminous ambiences created by daylight in apartment buildings. Daylighting can have a large influence on environmental condition to improve ambience, visual comfort, well-being and health of occupants. Thus, it is essential to understand what visual adaptive actions for the satisfaction of occupants and how they respond to given visual environments. A purpose-built living room with balcony extension was situated at Kyung Hee University in Korea (latitude 37.17N, longitude 127.01E) to monitor data throughout a 1-month period in winter. Thirty-two subjects participated and each subject spent a day in the test room. All subjects were given the opportunity to have artificial lighting and blinds control over the lighting ambience appropriate for their activity. Physical measurements such as illuminance levels of vertical and floor-planes, window luminance were monitored simultaneously which were cross-linked to the subjective assessment of blinds control. Experimental results revealed the factors affecting the occupant use of shading systems; visual comfort, seating orientation and blinds types could have an effect. The results of this study should provide useful information on daylighting as a function of photometrical and behavioural factors for future application in building design.
Trade-offs in choice of inter-firm transaction structure: A qualitative study of perceived comparative advantages of business relation over vertical integration
Authors: Azarian Reza
Published: November 2012

This article investigates how a plastic manufacturing firm handles the challenging task of comparing and choosing among the feasible alternative modes of structuring the flow of repeated transaction with one of its key suppliers. Qualitative interviews are used to explore the perceptions of the management of the firm concerning the advantages and disadvantages associated with each alternative, and the main findings suggest that the selection of the transaction structure intended to reduce boundary uncertainty is itself an uncertain choice. Since many of the gains and drawbacks of the alternatives are unknown and even unknowable in advance, the firm is unable to set up a conclusive comparative assessment to underpin its choice. Instead it is inclined to select the alternative that is perceived as the one allowing most flexibility.
Negotiating the insider/outsider continua: a Black female hearing perspective on research with Deaf women and Black women
Authors: Obasi Chijioke
Published: November 2012

This article discusses a number of epistemological dilemmas faced by a Black female hearing researcher while conducting research with culturally Deaf women during a PhD pilot study. It makes some comparisons with experiences of research with Black women in the same study. It uses a theoretical framework of ‘Africanist Sista-hood in Britain’ to reflect issues of privilege and power in research relationships as well as issues of commonality and difference. It takes the specific experiences of the researcher’s reflections to add to current discourse on insider/outsider positions in research, by applying some of the debates to the discourse of Deaf/hearing relations. It both begins with and ends with perspectives on research as interpretive partial and situated when undertaking any qualitative research study.
The researcher as ‘older sister’, ‘younger sister’ and ‘niece’: playing the roles defined by the Vietnamese pronominal reference system
Authors: Szymańska-Matusiewicz Grażyna
Published: November 2012

The article considers various dimensions of researcher–informant relationships arising while leading research in Vietnam, which inevitably influence the fieldwork done among the Vietnamese. The specificity of the relationships between the anthropologist and the researched is caused by one of the most characteristic features of Vietnamese language – the complicated system of terms of address and reference, based on such factors as sex, age and social position of the interlocutors. Due to the relational nature of Vietnamese terms of address, speakers entering into interaction are forced to define their own role and its relation to the role of the interlocutor. Adopting the interaction strategy imposed by the features of Vietnamese language brings twofold methodological implications. On one hand, the anthropologist experiences serious limitations of her ability to control the research situation, while on the other hand, she gains the opportunity to approximate the experience of being in a particular role: that of a woman subordinated to a man, a ‘niece’ subordinated to an elderly aunt or an ‘older sister’ whose status is higher than a younger man’s.
Application of Behavior-Based Ergonomics Therapies to Improve Quality of Life and Reduce Medication Usage for Alzheimer’s/Dementia Residents
Authors: Mowrey Corinne , Parikh Pratik J. , Bharwani Govind , Bharwani Meena
Published: November 2012

Behavior-based ergonomics therapy (BBET) has been proposed in the past as a viable individualized non-pharmacological intervention to manage challenging behaviors and promote engagement among long-term care residents diagnosed with Alzheimer’s/dementia. We evaluate the effect of BBET on quality of life and behavioral medication usage in an 18-bed dementia care unit at a not-for-profit continuing care retirement community in West Central Ohio. Comparing a target cohort during the 6-month pre-implementation period with the 6-month post-implementation period, our study indicates that BBET appears to have a positive impact on the resident’s quality of life and also appears to correlate with behavioral medical reduction. For instance, the number of days with behavioral episodes decreased by 53%, the total Minimum Data Set (MDS) mood counts decreased by 70%, and the total MDS behavior counts decreased by 65%. From a medication usage standpoint, the number of pro re nata (PRN) Ativan doses decreased by 57%.
The ongoing support needs of people with long-term conditions following attendance at self-management programmes: a qualitative study
Authors: Wright Nicola
Published: November 2012

Aim

This paper is a report of a study of the ongoing support needs of individuals with long-term conditions who have attended self-management programmes.

Background

Clinical research and policy developments have placed increased emphasis on self-management as a strategy for dealing with people with long-term conditions. These strategies have focused on a range of different interventions of which self-management programmes are one. Such programmes are often time limited, highly structured courses, which have been widely researched and shown to be effective. However, what happens to individuals after they have attended these programmes and what their ongoing support needs are, has received less attention.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative design using focus groups and telephone interviews was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 24 participants. Telephone interviews were offered to all participants to follow up on themes from the focus groups. In total three people participated in these. The data were collected between May and July 2011 and analysed using thematic content analysis.

Findings

Five themes were identified: (1) accessibility, (2) companionship, (3) being and feeling valued, (4) empowerment, and (5) the limits of the medical model.

Conclusion

To facilitate self-management, healthcare professionals need to understand the value of peer-to-peer interaction. Healthcare practitioners, as well as those who organise and deliver self-management programmes have an important role in signposting people with long-term conditions to services within local communities which can offer ongoing support.
Stress Fractures of the Pelvis and Legs in Athletes
Authors: Behrens Steve B. , Deren Matthew E. , Matson Andrew , Fadale Paul D. , Monchik Keith O.
Published: November 2012

Context:

Stress fractures are common injuries in athletes, often difficult to diagnose. A stress fracture is a fatigue-induced fracture of bone caused by repeated applications of stress over time.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed articles published from 1974 to January 2012.

Results:

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors may predict the risk of stress fractures in athletes, including bone health, training, nutrition, and biomechanical factors. Based on their location, stress fractures may be categorized as low- or high-risk, depending on the likelihood of the injury developing into a complete fracture. Treatment for these injuries varies substantially and must account for the risk level of the fractured bone, the stage of fracture development, and the needs of the patient. High-risk fractures include the anterior tibia, lateral femoral neck, patella, medial malleolus, and femoral head. Low-risk fractures include the posteromedial tibia, fibula, medial femoral shaft, and pelvis. Magnetic resonance is the imaging test of choice for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

These injuries can lead to substantial lost time from participation. Treatment will vary by fracture location, but most stress fractures will heal with rest and modified weightbearing. Some may require more aggressive intervention, such as prolonged nonweightbearing movement or surgery. Contributing factors should also be addressed prior to return to sports.
Digital Hoops History
Authors: Baerg Andrew
Published: November 2012

This essay examines the relationship between new media and history by concentrating on the basketball video game, NBA 2K12, and its mediation of historic players and teams. The article employs Bolter and Grusin’s concept of remediation and its associated notions of immediacy and hypermediacy as part of a textual analysis of the game. By attending to how these processes of immediacy and hypermediacy are expressed through the game text, the essay makes claims about the way the game positions users in relation to history. The argument suggests that NBA 2K12 positions users to perceive history in terms of possibility space rather than stable archive and to potentially perceive simulated history as more interesting than represented history.
The Elementary Forms of Sports Fandom
Authors: Serazio Michael
Published: November 2012

This essay explores sports fandom through a Durkheimian theoretical framework that foregrounds the totemic link between civic collective and team symbol. Specifically, I analyze the myths, kinship, and rituals of Philadelphia Phillies fans during their historic 2008 World Series victory in the U.S.’ professional baseball league using a limited participant observation of beliefs and behaviors on display at public events and articulated through the sports media. I argue that the totem’s success offered a momentous opportunity for intense social unity and reaffirmed group ideals—at both the civic and kin level—and mirrored a quasi-religious functionality at a moment of declining integrative institutions. The “collective effervescence” and communitas generated during this period represented a celebration of identity and indexed solidarity. The rituals attendant to the actual sports event are, I argue, as essential as what happens on the field, for these rituals preserve the collective memory that upholds the totem and, in turn, the group.
Compound stress response in stomatal closure: a mathematical model of ABA and ethylene interaction in guard cells
Authors: Beguerisse-Dıaz Mariano , Hernández-Gómez MercedesC , Lizzul AlessandroM , Barahona Mauricio , Desikan Radhika
Published: November 2012

Background

Stomata are tiny pores in plant leaves that regulate gas and water exchange between the plant and its environment. Abscisic acid and ethylene are two well-known elicitors of stomatal closure when acting independently. However, when stomata are presented with a combination of both signals, they fail to close.

Results

Toshed light on this unexplained behaviour, we have collected time course measurements of stomatal aperture and hydrogen peroxide production inArabidopsis thalianaguard cells treated with abscisic acid, ethylene, and a combination of both. Our experiments show that stomatal closure is linked to sustained high levels of hydrogen peroxide in guard cells. When treated with a combined dose of abscisic acid and ethylene, guard cells exhibit increased antioxidant activity that reduces hydrogen peroxide levels and precludes closure. We construct a simplified model of stomatal closure derived from known biochemical pathways that captures the experimentally observed behaviour.

Conclusions

Our experiments and modelling results suggest a distinct role for two antioxidant mechanisms during stomatal closure: a slower, delayed response activated by a single stimulus (abscisic acid ‘or’ ethylene) and another more rapid ‘and’ mechanism that is only activated when both stimuli are present. Our model indicates that the presence of this rapid ‘and’ mechanism in the antioxidant response is key to explain the lack of closure under a combined stimulus.
DHA-enriched fish oil targets B cell lipid microdomains and enhances ex vivo and in vivo B cell function
Authors: Gurzell Eric A , Teague Heather , Harris Mitchel , Clinthorne Jonathan , Shaikh Saame Raza , Fenton Jenifer I
Published: November 2012

DHA-enriched fish oil enhances ex vivo B cell response to stimulation, and skews the host toward a systemic Th2 response.

DHA is a n-3 LCPUFA in fish oil that generally suppresses T lymphocyte function. However, the effect of fish oil on B cell function remains relatively understudied. Given the important role of B cells in gut immunity and increasing human fish oil supplementation, we sought to determine whether DFO leads to enhanced B cell activation in the SMAD−/− colitis-prone mouse model, similar to that observed with C57BL/6 mice. This study tested the hypothesis that DHA from fish oil is incorporated into the B cell membrane to alter lipid microdomain clustering and enhance B cell function. Purified, splenic B cells from DFO-fed mice displayed increased DHA levels and diminished GM1 microdomain clustering. DFO enhanced LPS-induced B cell secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased CD40 expression ex vivo compared with CON. Despite increased MHCII expression in the unstimulated ex vivo B cells from DFO-fed mice, we observed no difference in ex vivo OVA-FITC uptake in B cells from DFO or CON mice. In vivo, DFO increased lymphoid tissue B cell populations and surface markers of activation compared with CON. Finally, we investigated whether these ex vivo and in vivo observations were consistent with systemic changes. Indeed, DFO-fed mice had significantly higher plasma IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 (Th2-biasing cytokines) and cecal IgA compared with CON. These results support the hypothesis and an emerging concept that fish oil enhances B cell function in vivo.
FGF4 is required for lineage restriction and salt-and-pepper distribution of primitive endoderm factors but not their initial expression in the mouse
Authors: Kang Minjung , Piliszek Anna , Artus Jérôme , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Published: November 2012

The emergence of pluripotent epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) lineages within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst involves initial co-expression of lineage-associated markers followed by mutual exclusion and salt-and-pepper distribution of lineage-biased cells. Precisely how EPI and PrE cell fate commitment occurs is not entirely clear; however, previous studies in mice have implicated FGF/ERK signaling in this process. Here, we investigated the phenotype resulting from zygotic and maternal/zygotic inactivation of Fgf4. Fgf4 heterozygous blastocysts exhibited increased numbers of NANOG-positive EPI cells and reduced numbers of GATA6-positive PrE cells, suggesting that FGF signaling is tightly regulated to ensure specification of the appropriate numbers of cells for each lineage. Although the size of the ICM was unaffected in Fgf4 null mutant embryos, it entirely lacked a PrE layer and exclusively comprised NANOG-expressing cells at the time of implantation. An initial period of widespread EPI and PrE marker co-expression was however established even in the absence of FGF4. Thus, Fgf4 mutant embryos initiated the PrE program but exhibited defects in its restriction phase, when lineage bias is acquired. Consistent with this, XEN cells could be derived from Fgf4 mutant embryos in which PrE had been restored and these cells appeared indistinguishable from wild-type cells. Sustained exogenous FGF failed to rescue the mutant phenotype. Instead, depending on concentration, we noted no effect or conversion of all ICM cells to GATA6-positive PrE. We propose that heterogeneities in the availability of FGF produce the salt-and-pepper distribution of lineage-biased cells.
Accelerometer tags: detecting and identifying activities in fish and the effect of sampling frequency
Authors: Broell Franziska , Noda Takuji , Wright Serena , Domenici Paolo , Steffensen John Fleng , Auclair Jean-Pierre , Taggart Christopher T.
Published: November 2012

Monitoring and measuring the behaviour and movement of aquatic animals in the wild is typically challenging, though micro-accelerometer (archival or telemetry) tags now provide the means to remotely identify and quantify behavioural states and rates such as resting, swimming, and migrating, and to estimate activity and energy budgets. Most studies use low frequency (≤32 Hz) accelerometer sampling due to battery and data-archiving constraints. In this study we assessed the effect of sampling frequency (aliasing) on activity detection probability using the great sculpin (Myoxocephalus polyacanthoceaphalus) as a model species. Feeding strikes and escape responses (fast-start activities) and spontaneous movements among 7 different great sculpin were triggered, observed and recorded using a tri-axial accelerometer sampling at 100 Hz and video records. We demonstrate that multiple parameters in the time and probability domains can statistically differentiate between activities with high detection (90%) and identification (80%) probabilities. Detection probability for feeding and escape activities decreased by 50% when sampling at <10 Hz. Our analyses illustrate additional problems associated with aliasing and how activity and energy-budget estimates can be compromised and misinterpreted. We recommend that high-frequency (>30 Hz) accelerometer sampling be used in similar lab and field studies. If battery and (or) data storage is limited, we also recommend archiving the events via an on-board algorithm that determines the highest likelihood and subsequent archiving of the various event-classes of interest.
Neural activity in the central complex of the cockroach brain is linked to turning behaviors
Authors: Guo Peiyuan , Ritzmann Roy E.
Published: November 2012

An animal moving through complex terrain must consider sensory cues around it and alter its movements accordingly. In the arthropod brain, the central complex (CC) receives highly preprocessed sensory information and sends outputs to premotor regions, suggesting that it may play a role in the central control of oriented locomotion. We performed tetrode recordings within the CC in cockroaches walking on an air-suspended ball to examine the role of the CC in turning behaviors. When a rod was placed near the cockroach's head, the cockroach touched the rod repeatedly with one or both antennae before locomotion was initiated. Some CC units responded to self-generated antennal contact with the object, but at lower levels compared to externally imposed antennal stimulation. Neural activity of some other CC units responded to locomotion. We found that some CC units showed discrete firing fields corresponding to specific locomotion states. We also found that changes in firing rate of some CC units preceded changes in turning speed of one direction but not the other. Furthermore, such biased units were located in the side of the brain ipsilateral to the direction of the turning speed they can predict. Moreover, electrical stimulation of the CC elicited or modified locomotion and the direction of some evoked locomotion can be predicted by the response property of locomotion predictive units near the stimulation site. Therefore, our results suggest that at the population level, asymmetrical activity in the CC precedes and influences turning behavior.
Synthesis of 2-Pyridylphosphinate and Thiophosphinate Derivatives by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of N-Methoxypyridinium Tosylates
Authors: Oka Natsuhisa , Ito Kousuke , Tomita Futoshi , Ando Kaori
Published: November 2012

We developed a straightforward and cost-effective method for the synthesis of 2-pyridylphosphinate derivatives based on a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of N-methoxypyridinium salts. The method proved to be useful for synthesizing various 2-pyridylphosphinates and thiophosphinates, including an optically active compound, from H-phosphinate precursors.
Consumer Heterogeneity, Product Quality, and Distribution Channels
Authors: Shi Hongyan , Liu Yunchuan , Petruzzi Nicholas C.
Published: November 2012

This paper shows that the effect of different distribution channel structures on product quality depends on the type of consumer heterogeneity and its distribution in a market. When consumer heterogeneity is uniformly distributed either vertically on willingness to pay or horizontally on transaction costs, a manufacturer may provide the same or lower product quality in a decentralized channel than in a centralized channel. In contrast, when consumer heterogeneity follows a more general distribution on willingness to pay, under certain conditions, the manufacturer may provide higher product quality in a decentralized channel than in a centralized channel. Decentralization also may lead to a higher product quality if consumer heterogeneity is uniformly distributed both vertically and horizontally, but not if consumer heterogeneity is uniformly distributed vertically on each of two product-quality attributes. Additionally, competition at the retail level may amplify these findings.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
The Evolving Impact of Combinatorial Opportunities and Exhaustion on Innovation by Business Groups as Market Development Increases: The Case of Taiwan
Authors: Mahmood Ishtiaq , Chung Chi-Nien , Mitchell Will
Published: November 2012

Business groups are key sources of innovation in emerging market economies, but we understand little about why innovativeness differs across groups and over time. Variation in the density of intragroup buyer–supplier ties, which are common structural linkages among group affiliates, can help explain both cross-sectional and temporal heterogeneity of group innovativeness. We argue that greater buyer–supplier density within a group initially creates combinatorial opportunities that contribute to group innovativeness but ultimately generates combinatorial exhaustion that constrains innovation. Combinatorial exhaustion will set in at lower levels of density as the market environment becomes more developed because the opportunity costs of local search increase. The research introduces a dynamic argument to studies of business-group innovation.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
The Forging of a God: Venus, the Shield of Aeneas, and Callimachus’s Hymn to Artemis
Authors: McCarter Stephanie
Published: November 2012

Callimachus’s Hymn to Artemis provides a useful intertext for tracing the development of Venus and Aeneas in Vergil’s Aeneid and Ovid’s Metamorphoses . The Callimachean Artemis and Vergilian Venus each receive promises of future glory from their fathers, charm artisans into producing weapons that advance their divinity, and gradually emerge as powerful goddesses in their own right. Comparison with the Hymn furthermore shows how Aeneas’s status as a future god is guaranteed by his divine armor.
Intertextuality in the Digital Age
Authors: Coffee Neil , Koenig Jean-Pierre , Poornima Shakthi , Ossewaarde Roelant , Forstall Christopher , Jacobson Sarah
Published: November 2012

This paper describes a new digital approach to intertextual study involving the creation of a free online tool for the automatic detection of parallel phrases. A test comparison of Vergil’s Aeneid and Lucan’s Civil War shows that the tool can identify a substantial number of meaningful intertexts, both previously recorded and unrecorded. Analysis of these results demonstrates how automatic detection can provide more comprehensive and accessible perspectives on intertextuality as an aggregate phenomenon. Identification of the language features necessary to detect intertexts also provides a path toward improved automatic detection and more precise definitions of intertextuality.
Bureaucratic Language in the Correspondence between Pliny and Trajan
Authors: Coleman Kathleen M.
Published: November 2012

This article identifies and analyzes bureaucratic features in the language employed by Pliny and Trajan in Epistles 10 as an example of communication between two officials of senior but unequal status who were engaged in managing provincial affairs in the Roman empire.
The Meaning of bōmolokhos in Classical Attic
Authors: Kidd Stephen
Published: November 2012

The bōmolokhos (buffoon, fool) has received misguided attention in comic scholarship due to a misunderstanding of Pherecrates fr. 150 KA. The second-century c.e. Harpocration (who cites the line) considers this passage to consist of a genuine etymology, and his view has gone roughly unchallenged ever since. But this is a mistake: the etymology which Pherecrates provides is not a legitimate one but rather a typical case of comic wordplay.
Crates of Mallos and Pytheas of Massalia: Examples of Homeric Exegesis in Terms of Mathematical Geography
Authors: Bilić Tomislav
Published: November 2012

Crates of Mallos, a Hellenistic grammarian and geographer, is known to have combined Homeric exegesis and mathematical geography into a comprehensive world-view. His views appear to have influenced a tradition of map-making, as evidenced by an unusual late antique map that locates parts of Odysseus’s voyage from Aeaea to Hades according to Crates’ geography. This essay elucidates Crates’ geographical accounts of the Homeric Laestrygonians and of the constellation Draco and his understanding of the arctic circle in light of the map and of earlier geographers, particularly Pytheas of Massalia, who similarly incorporated Homeric references into his theorizing about the fixed arctic circle.
On the Oscanism salaputium in Catullus 53
Authors: Hawkins Shane
Published: November 2012

summary:
This paper argues that Catullus 53 deserves a place among the other programmatic statements in the poet’s work. By reconsidering a reference to this poem in Seneca’s Controversiae and the way in which the word salaputium is applied to Catullus’s close friend, C. Licinius Calvus, the article aims to show that the poem can be read as a re-fashioning of an old literary topos into a terse and truly witty neoteric statement. That statement has interesting ramifications both for the connections between neoteric poetics and Atticist rhetoric and for the interpretation of other poems in the Catullan oeuvre.
Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes’ Wealth
Authors: Tordoff Robert L.
Published: November 2012

This essay pursues an economic and “numismatic” reading of Aristophanes’ Wealth , focusing on how the play represents exchange and coinage. While Wealth rejoices in the acquisition of vast riches and in the creation of a society in which justice and good citizen conduct meet with economic rewards, it also systematically presents coins and more “disembedded” forms of transaction in sharply negative terms. Accordingly, the play exploits and seeks to negotiate an ideological fissure between rich and poor Athenians, retailing utopian fantasy for the dispossessed with one hand, while with the other pointing towards the fantasy’s ironic deconstruction and dissolution.
Committed to Faith Yet Open to Difference: Validating a Model for Fallibilist Christian Spirituality Among College Students
Authors: Rine P. Jesse
Published: November 2012

Using a national dataset containing responses from 14,527 college students at 136 institutions, this study empirically tested a theoretical model for fallibilist Christian spirituality. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated an acceptable fit between the specified model and the actual structure of the data, suggesting that a fallibilist epistemology emphasizing provisionality of belief can empower college students to remain committed to their personal faith traditions while at the same time exhibiting openness toward pluralism. Implications for student development theory and student affairs practice are considered.
University-Based Service Learning: Relating Mentoring Experiences to Issues of Poverty
Authors: Hughes Carolyn , Steinhorn Rachel , Davis Blair , Beckrest Sara , Boyd Elizabeth , Cashen Kelly
Published: November 2012

We investigated whether participation in a university-based, service learning mentoring program could affect college students' learning about social inequities and the effects of poverty. The program we examined combined four critical components: (a) Mentor training, (b) mentoring youth on-site in their high-poverty environments, (c) mentors' ongoing reflecting, and (d) class discussion of issues related to poverty and social inequities. By analyzing students' ongoing reflective journals in relation to Kolb's learning cycle, we sought to determine (a) experiences students reported to engage in while mentoring and (b) the relation between students' experiences and learning about poverty. Mentees' input was obtained via interviews to corroborate mentors' perspectives. Based on findings, recommendations for the field are proposed.
Exploring the Impact of Facebook and Myspace Use on First-Year Students' Sense of Belonging and Persistence Decisions
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L.
Published: November 2012

In recent years, scholars have focused on students' use of social networking sites (SNSs) such as Myspace and Facebook. Research about such technologies is largely descriptive or based on theoretical assumptions and anecdotal evidence, although some authors have studied frequency of use, adoption of technology, and computer usage among college students. Relatively few empirical studies exist that measure demographic differences in first-year college students' use of SNSs and even fewer that estimate the relationship between first-year students' use of SNSs and measures of student persistence. Based on survey data from 755 first-year students, multivariate analyses revealed significant demographic differences in first-year students' frequency of use of SNSs and mixed results about the influence of SNS use on sense of belonging and persistence decisions. Findings highlight an important gap in our current knowledge and praxis in student affairs.
College Students' Evaluations of Heavy Drinking: The Influence of Gender, Age, and College Status
Authors: Colby Suzanne M. , Swanton Dale N. , Colby John J.
Published: November 2012

College students tend not to view their drinking as problematic despite negative consequences. Nevertheless, excessive drinking tends to desist when students graduate. We examined how college drinking is influenced by attitudes and perceived norms using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Using standardized vignettes, we assessed the extent to which age, gender, and college status influenced student evaluations of heavy drinking. Vignettes describing a heavy drinker who was older, male, and/or a full-time employee were judged more negatively than vignettes describing a person with the same drinking habits and consequences but who was younger, female, and/or a full-time student. Interventions aimed at altering attitudes and perceived norms for college drinking may prove useful in altering drinking behavior.
How Do College Campuses Make Decisions About Allocating Resources for Student Mental Health?: Findings from Key Participant Interviews
Authors: Hunt Justin B. , Watkins Daphne , Eisenberg Daniel
Published: November 2012

Given the significant burden of mental illness among young adults, colleges offer a promising venue for prevention and treatment, which can help set late adolescents and young adults on a path to success and wellbeing. Despite the potential benefits, there have been no published studies of how campuses decide about allocating resources for mental health. To address this gap, the purpose of this study was to characterize the decision-making process for funding of mental health services through qualitative interviews at 10 universities.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Low-Risk Drinkers in the Greek System
Authors: Killos Lydia F. , Keller Adrienne
Published: November 2012

This study examined personal alcohol use, perceptions of peer use, protective behavioral strategies, and negative consequences associated with alcohol use among 276 high- and low-quantity drinking (HQD/LQD) "Greek" members from three colleges. Overall, 32.6% of this sample met the criteria for LQD. Compared to HQDs, LQDs believe their peers consume less alcohol, and LQDs are more likely to use 6 of 10 protective behavioral strategies. These six protective behavioral strategies reinforce low-quantity drinking, whereas protective behavioral strategies used by HQDs reinforce safety while drinking. Results demonstrate the necessity of careful differentiation among Greek members prior to design and implementation of alcohol-related interventions.
Henry James and Early Film
Authors: Freedman Jonathan
Published: November 2012

Although Henry James was alert to contemporary culture and media in the years when film was invented and institutionalized, he attended few early films and mentioned them infrequently in his work. James's work parallels many of the most salient features of this rapidly developing new form. Comparing his works with the films of G.A. Smith, this article argues that the two share a remarkably similar set of techniques and thematic obsessions and helps us to understand both the dynamics of early film and the relentless experimentation of the high cultural Master of the Art of Fiction.
Many Years Later: Prolepsis in Deep Time
Authors: Robbins Bruce
Published: November 2012

This essay discusses the expansion of time that prolepsis produces within narrative and the enlarged time-scale of "world literature" itself. The essay explores some of the effects of this defamiliarization and tries to enlist the James of the "international theme" as a figure who both anticipates the challenge of "deep time" and struggles to maintain ethical focus within it. The essay uses prolepsis to suggest a connection between the literature of classical Greece and contemporary realism. The link between prolepsis and the representation of atrocity gives narrative form to an uncertainty about the borders of political community.
John Marcher's Queer Timing
Authors: Looby Christopher
Published: November 2012

Henry James's 1903 story "The Beast in the Jungle" has often, since Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's influential 1986 queer reinterpretation, been understood to be about the protagonist John Marcher's closeted sexuality. His friend May Bartram is understood as knowing his secret, but May tells him, in fact, that his secret has changed over time; circumstances have made his secret, many decades after their first meeting, different from what it once was. This essay correlates the depicted passage of time in the narrative with the history the characters presumably lived through, including the invention of homosexual.
Delight: An Appreciation of Henry James
Authors: Silko Leslie Marmon
Published: November 2012

A fiction writer's relationship to novels and stories she reads differs from that of other readers. No matter what a writer's conscious mind may be focused on, her subconscious is always on alert, constantly gathering anything that may somehow be of use. In this article, Silko talks about Henry James and Indians, the process of writing Gardens in the Dunes , and the aid and influence Henry James provided.
What Maisie Knew : How Teaching Difficult Texts Helps Us Learn About Reading
Authors: Hadley Tessa
Published: November 2012

In this paper I discuss What Maisie Knew in three different contexts, in relation to learning to read. First, I talk about my own experience of reading the novel, aged fourteen or fifteen—not understanding much, but piecing a reading together out of fragments, and feeling the novel's complexity as a promise of complexity in real things. I discuss teaching the novel to students, helping them build an understanding of its meaning from the bottom upwards, out of the detail of the text. Finally I discuss the novel's own preoccupation with a child's learning to perceive meaning and value in the life around her.
Beguiling City, Bewitching Landscape, Bewildering People
Authors: Giorcelli Cristina
Published: November 2012

James came to Rome over a period of almost forty years, at a time of many transformations both in its urbanistic layout and in its social and political make-up. Only the idyllic Campagna seemed undisturbed and untouched by so much upheaval. Moving chiefly among Anglophones-as has mostly been the case with foreigners before and after him-he did not have the opportunity nor the interest to go beyond collecting "impressions." While he drew upon centuries-old stereotypes (as shown in his essays and letters where he nonetheless captured some pertinent traits of the genius loci ), especially in his late narratives he has the city voiced by and its inhabitants embodied in characters whose points of view and conduct reveal the multilayered facets of an intrigued and perplexed response.
Henry James and Edward Said: Problems of Value in a Secular World
Authors: Arac Jonathan
Published: November 2012

Framed by the problematic of postcolonial studies, this talk explores consonances between the perspectives of Henry James and a major postcolonial critic, Edward W. Said. Taking the novel as a form "worldly" in Said's sense, and guided by emphases important to Said in the work of Georg Lukács and Walter Benjamin, the talk explores Said's defense of literature, even when it arises from privilege. It brings this to the difficult case of The Golden Bowl , working especially with James's analysis of Adam Verver's self-recognition, in dialogue with Keats's sonnet on Chapman's Homer, as possessing "the spirit of the connoisseur."
Aftertastes of Ruin: Uncanny Sites of Memory in Henry James's Paris
Authors: Coghlan J. Michelle
Published: November 2012

This paper reexamines and resituates Henry James's curiously embodied spatial memory by turning not to the voluble buildings and vanished architectural limbs in The American Scene , but rather to the "aftertaste" of the post-Commune ruins of Paris in his correspondence, early travel sketches, and later novels. Reading James's attention to lost landmarks and charred landscape in light of their ongoing presence as transnational sites of memory in American magazines helps us rethink Jamesian "historic sense" in The Princess Casamassima and The Ambassadors as an intimate, synesthetic index of social space, and reveals the uncanny space of revolution in James's Paris.
"Her Smoking Was the Least of Her Freedoms": Henrietta Reubell, Miss Barrace, and the Queer Milieu of Henry James's Paris
Authors: Fisher Paul
Published: November 2012

Although biographers have portrayed Henry James's Franco-American friend Henrietta Reubell (c. 1839-1924) as a passive female confidante, Reubell's role in James's career is arguably more significant and transgressive, as her Paris salon created a consequential queer cultural space. Along with other historical sources, James's portrayal of the heavy smoker Miss Barrace in The Ambassadors hints at her sexual unconventionality and encodes her as a keeper of erotic secrets and illicit knowledge, shedding light on Reubell's historical role as a bohemian art hostess, a generation before Gertrude Stein, as well as on her significance for James.
"Money is the Filial Child. But, at the same time, it is also the Enemy!": Korean Shamanic Rituals for Luck and Fortune
Authors: Park Jun Hwan
Published: November 2012

In the world of Korean shamanism, there is a particular god, called taegam , which is allegedly famous for its love of money and its abundance of greed for material wealth. During the shamanic ritual of chaesu-kut , the rites for good fortune and luck, this god is popularly worshipped as the Deity of Wealth and is typically symbolized by money placed all over its face and spirit costumes. Nonetheless, as money has the two sides of heads and tails, taegam also has two very different faces— so-taegam and taegam . This article explores the ambiguity of the two taegam gods, focusing on the symbolic action of money-offerings and how its meaning is taken from the perspective of the ritual actors, in the hope of shedding light on the place of Korea's traditional popular religion of shamanism in today's transformed urban landscape. By discussing the semantics of "money is the filial child" (a remark made by so-taegam ) and "money is the enemy" (as remarked by taegam ), statements I often heard during my fieldwork in Seoul, I suggest that the ambivalent symbolic nature of taegam should be seen as an indispensible vehicle for understanding ritual life, as well as everyday life, of urban Korean people since it is closely related to both normative orientations and the contradictory aspects of the material culture of contemporary urbanites inhabiting the borderless, globalized, and fluctuating modern capitalist market. This conclusion is reached partly with reference to existing sociological theories of money and anthropological inquiries into the ambivalent aspects of taegam .
Competing Chinese Names for God: The Chinese Term Question and Its Influence upon Korea
Authors: Oak Sung-Deuk
Published: November 2012

This paper discusses the theological discourses of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism on the Chinese terms for God and their influence upon the term question in Korea. The term question in China is important to Korea, not only because the former became the linguistic and theological background of the latter in Sino-centric East Asian culture, and because all Chinese terms were imported to Korea and had competed with Korean Protestant terms, but also because theologies and discourses developed in China were used in the controversy in Korea. The paper discusses four groups: Roman Catholics in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (the Shangdi-Tianzhu Camp and the Tianzhu Camp), British and American Protestants (the Shangdi Camp and the Shen Camp), British Anglicans (the Tianzhu Camp), and Scottish Presbyterians (the Shangdi-Hananim Camp) in the nineteenth century.
The Figure of Baozhi (418-524): A Model for the Buddhist Historiography of the Koryŏ Dynasty?
Authors: Bruneton Yannick
Published: November 2012

The present paper represents the first step of an appraisal of the influence, in the Korean historiographic tradition, of the archetypal model of Baozhi as a textual and religious paradigm. It shows that, even if the references in Korean sources to Baozhi, the Liang Dhyāna master, are scant ("literary motif" in literati works, Biographies of the monks Wŏnhyo, Yangji and Podŏk in the Samguk yusa , legends of the founding of the Haein and Kyŏnam Temples as transmitted by the Naong School), the fact remains that he had an indelible influence on the pre-modern Buddhist historiography of Korea. In the written culture of Koryŏ and Chosŏn, the paradigmatic figure of Baozhi generally functioned in the same way as in China. However, it would seem that each period selectively adopted one or another of the archetypal functions that characterized the monk, influenced by the construction Baozhi's myth in China, but also depending upon the political and social position of Buddhism on the Korean peninsula. During the Koryŏ period, Baozhi's influence was the strongest as one of the models that went into the development of the myth of Tosŏn (the monk-prophet legitimizing the establishment of the dynasty and initiator of Buddhist construction).
Devotionalism Reclaimed: Re-mapping Sacred Geography in Contemporary Korean Buddhism
Authors: Park Pori
Published: November 2012

This paper provides an examination of the popular practices of contemporary Buddhism and the major Buddhist pilgrimage sites, in particular. These pilgrimage sites are old, sacred places of worship where Buddha's relics were enshrined or are famed for miraculous stories of Bodhisattvas or Arhats. Contemporary sacred places are differentiated from traditional ones by the number of people who flock to them. Traditional places were important mostly to local people and to Buddhist monks. Economic growth since the mid-1980s, however, has caused hundreds of thousands of people to visit these places year-round, and, to accommodate these visitors, temples have built modern facilities, including paved roads, lodging, and parking spaces. With the influx of visitors, these sites have accumulated wealth but are also faced with the many challenges that come with dealing with huge numbers of visitors. Some sites simply offer a convenient place for worship and to receive the blessings of Buddhist deities; others have developed diverse programs of lectures and meditation for their visitors. Since 1994, the Chogye-jong central administration has taken control of some of these sites and has used the wealth for the education of the sangha. Some local factions, however, have fought against such administrative control.