bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of activated carbon from peanut shell as dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment
Authors: Wu Huifang , Chen Ruoya , Du Haixia , Zhang Jia , Shi Lumeng , Qin Yu , Yue Lingzhi , Wang Junping
Published: November 2018

In this study, the adsorption capacities of peanut shell activated carbon samples prepared using three types of peanut shell as raw material were compared. The effects of activation state, carbonization temperature, carbonization time, adsorption time during decolorization, and dosage on the performance of the peanut shell activated carbon samples were investigated. The performance of the modified peanut shell (activated carbon) on the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue X-BR and the adsorption kinetics were evaluated systematically. Among the three types of peanut shell activated carbon, the activated carbon that was first activated by phosphoric acid and then carbonized at 450°C for 3 h displayed the best performance, with an optimum dosage of 4 g l−1 and an optimum adsorption time of 2 h. The pseudo-second-order kinetics equation and the intraparticle diffusion equation could well describe the adsorption behavior of the activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation. Intraparticle diffusion was not the only factor affecting the adsorption rate of the activated carbon on reactive brilliant blue X-BR.
Investigation of ammonium–lauric salt as shale swelling inhibitor and a mechanism study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hu Weimin , Zhang Li , Li Tiehu , Cai Dan , Chen Gang
Published: November 2018

In this work, a series of ammonium–lauric salts (ALS) was prepared with lauric acid and amines as small molecular shale swelling inhibitor. The inhibitors were screened by the linear expansion test first, and the result shows that the inhibitor prepared by lauric acid and diethylenetriamine with the mole ratio of 2:1 (ALS-2) displays excellent inhibition effect on the hydration expansion of bentonite. The inhibition of ALS-2 to bentonite was fully evaluated by various methods in the following work, including clay linear swelling test and particle distribution measurement. The results show that ALS-2 has superior performance to inhibit the hydration swelling and dispersion of bentonite, and the swelling rate of bentonite in 0.5% ALS-2 was reduced to 29.7%. In water-based drilling fluid, ALS-2 is compatible with the conventional additives, and it can improve the lubricity of the mud cake obviously after aged under 120°C. Besides, it can control the particle size of bentonite in water. The inhibition mechanism of the ammonium–lauric salts was discussed in detail through physical adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Joint Instability in Lattice Structures — Lessons from a Recent Collapse
Authors: Hanaor Ariel
Published: November 2018

The investigation into the collapse of the 15th Maccabiah footbridge in Israel on July 14, 1997 revealed that joint rotation was ubiquitous in the failure mechanism, although it may not have been the actual trigger of collapse. The joining system employed in this double-layer grid structure is characterised by exceptionally low rotational stiffness and is thus particularly susceptible to joint instability mode of failure. The problem was exacerbated by several features, such as the introduction of substantial camber to a joining system specifically designed for planar configurations, the subjection of compression members to flexure, and eccentric connection of supports. The paper stresses the importance of designing rigidity into prefabricated space truss systems and the need for the explicit incorporation of joint instability considerations in codes of practice and in standard design practice.
Self-Weight Stresses in Hyperbolic Cooling Towers of General Shape
Authors: Zingoni Alphose
Published: November 2018

Explicit analytical results are developed for self-weight membrane stresses in hyperbolic cooling towers of general shape, for a number of different patterns of shell-thickness variation along a meridian of the shell of revolution. The very general nature of the results makes them particularly useful in obtaining quick estimates of dead-weight stresses for structures of this type, and any desired parametric studies may readily be undertaken, permitting the designer to choose the most optimum shell-thickness variation for a given combination of geometric parameters of the hyperboloid of revolution. The results are intended for use during the preliminary phase of the design process. Other equally important effects (such as wind loading and thermal gradients) are best taken into account numerically using the finite element method, and will therefore not be treated in this paper. Some numerical results for self-weight stresses are then obtained on the basis of special but very practical cases, and an analysis of these results reveals interesting design implications.
Using Text Messaging to Deliver Performance Feedback to Preservice Early Childhood Teachers
Authors: Barton Erin E. , Rigor Monica N. , Pokorski Elizabeth A. , Velez Marina , Domingo Maddisen
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using text messaging to deliver performance-based feedback (PF) to preservice teachers working in inclusive early childhood classrooms. A multiple baseline across behaviors single-case research design was replicated across four participants to examine the relation between PF delivered via text message and preservice teachers’ use of self-selected target behaviors. Results indicated text messaging was an effective method for delivering PF and subsequently increasing teacher target behaviors when individualized to meet the needs of teachers; however, results were variable across teachers.
Canine Mammary Tumors: Comparison of Classification and Grading Methods in a Survival Study
Authors: Canadas Ana , França Miguel , Pereira Cristina , Vilaça Raquel , Vilhena Hugo , Tinoco Flora , Silva Maria João , Ribeiro Jorge , Medeiros Rui , Oliveira Pedro , Dias-Pereira Patrícia , Santos Marta
Published: November 2018

Histopathology remains the cornerstone for diagnosing canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Recently, 2 classification systems (the World Health Organization [WHO] classification of 1999 and the proposal of 2011) and 2 grading methods based on the human Nottingham grade have been used by pathologists. Despite some evidence that the histological subtype and grade are prognostic factors, there is no comprehensive comparative study of these classification and grading systems in the same series of CMTs. In this study, the 2 classifications and the 2 grading methods were simultaneously applied to a cohort of 134 female dogs with CMTs. In 85 animals with malignant tumors, univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed. Using the 2 systems, the proportion of benign (161/305, 53%) and malignant (144/305, 47%) tumors was similar and no significant differences existed in categorization of benign tumors. However, the 2011 classification subdivided malignant tumors in more categories—namely, those classified as complex, solid, and tubulopapillary carcinomas by the WHO system. Histological subtype according to both systems was significantly associated with survival. Carcinomas arising in benign tumors, complex carcinomas, and mixed carcinomas were associated with a better prognosis. In contrast, carcinosarcomas and comedocarcinomas had a high risk of tumor-related death. Slight differences existed between the 2 grading methods, and grade was related to survival only in univariable analysis. In this cohort, age, completeness of surgical margins, and 2 index formulas adapted from human breast cancer studies (including tumor size, grade, and vascular/lymph node invasion) were independent prognostic factors.
Granulomas Following Subcutaneous Injection With Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Products in Sheep
Authors: Asín Javier , Molín Jéssica , Pérez Marta , Pinczowski Pedro , Gimeno Marina , Navascués Nuria , Muniesa Ana , de Blas Ignacio , Lacasta Delia , Fernández Antonio , de Pablo Lorena , Mold Matthew , Exley Christopher , de Andrés Damián , Reina Ramsés , Luján Lluís
Published: November 2018

The use of vaccines including aluminum (Al)–based adjuvants is widespread among small ruminants and other animals. They are associated with the appearance of transient injection site nodules corresponding to granulomas. This study aims to characterize the morphology of these granulomas, to understand the role of the Al adjuvant in their genesis, and to establish the presence of the metal in regional lymph nodes. A total of 84 male neutered lambs were selected and divided into 3 treatment groups of 28 animals each: (1) vaccine (containing Al-based adjuvant), (2) adjuvant-only, and (3) control. A total of 19 subcutaneous injections were performed in a time frame of 15 months. Granulomas and regional lymph nodes were evaluated by clinicopathological means. All of the vaccine and 92.3% of the adjuvant-only lambs presented injection-site granulomas; the granulomas were more numerous in the group administered the vaccine. Bacterial culture in granulomas was always negative. Histologically, granulomas in the vaccine group presented a higher degree of severity. Al was specifically identified by lumogallion staining in granulomas and lymph nodes. Al median content was significantly higher ( P < .001) in the lymph nodes of the vaccine group (82.65 μg/g) compared with both adjuvant-only (2.53 μg/g) and control groups (0.96 μg/g). Scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated aggregates of Al within macrophages in vaccine and adjuvant-only groups. In these two groups, Al-based adjuvants induce persistent, sterile, subcutaneous granulomas with macrophage-driven translocation of Al to regional lymph nodes. Local translocation of Al may induce further accumulation in distant tissues and be related to the appearance of systemic signs.
Ethics and War: A Critical Intervention
Authors: Gregory Thomas
Published: November 2018

There has been renewed interest in the relationship between ethics and war. Traditionally, it has been thought that a robust set of principles could reduce the overall destructiveness of war but a growing body of more critical scholarship argues that it may actually enhance it. This article reviews three recent books on the ethics of war by Adil Ahmad Haque, Maja Zehfuss and James Eastwood. Defending more conventional accounts, Haque sets out to develop a normative framework that can be used to assess, clarify and refine the existing rules. Zehfuss and Eastwood, by contrast, argue that the invocation of ethics may work to legitimise, normalise and obscure the effects of this violence. This article suggests ways in which these texts might help to reinvigorate debates about ethics and war, opening up lines of inquiry that were previously foreclosed.
“I Don’t Look Like Her”: Race, Resemblance, and Relationships in Multiracial Families
Authors: Waring Chandra D. L. , Bordoloi Samit D.
Published: November 2018

Race and resemblance are tied to family membership, and relationships characterize family dynamics. In this article, we argue that race, resemblance, and relationships intersect in distinct, layered ways in multiracial families. While scholarship has documented how multiracial families have historically been considered outside of the norm, little research has explored the impact of this racialized reality on family relationships. This article examines how phenotype shapes family interactions and, over time, the family relationships between a child and her or his mother, father, and sibling(s) through the voices of 60 black/white biracial adults. By reflecting on their earliest childhood memories to their most recent encounters, their narratives illuminate experiences shaped by their status in a multiracial—and historically unorthodox—family. We underscore how multiracial families are perceived by others based on racial resemblance (or lack thereof), how family members contend with these racialized perceptions, and how black/white biracial Americans perceive their own family relationships.
Large eddy simulation of energy gradient field in a centrifugal pump impeller
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Zhu Zuchao , Dou Hua-Shu , Li Yi
Published: November 2018

Large eddy simulation of the fluid flow in a centrifugal pump impeller is conducted at design load and quarter load, and the energy gradient field is analyzed to reveal the behavior of internal flow. A universal equation for calculating the energy gradient function, which is defined as the ratio of energy increase (transversal gradient of the mechanical energy gradient) to energy loss (stream-wise gradient of the work done by shear stress), is adopted. Research results show that positive and negative 0.3 for the logarithm of energy gradient function are critical values that reflect dominant energy increase and dominant energy loss, respectively. The large eddy simulation results indicate that the magnitude and shape of energy gradient field are affected by turbulent fluctuation. The energy gradient field in the impeller at mid-height has more small-scale features than those in the impeller at zero and one heights. The regions of dominant energy increase and dominant energy loss are highly distinct at both design load and quarter load. In some large areas, neither dominant energy increase nor dominant energy loss is observed at quarter load in the impeller passage. These results, which are mainly attributed to a highly separated flow, are not evident at design load. The region of dominant energy increase at design load is larger than that at quarter load, particularly close to the volute. The magnitude of mean logarithm of energy gradient function at quarter load is evidently smaller than that at design load, but its value remains higher than 1.0.
Abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir single tablet regimen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis
Authors: Michienzi Sarah M , Schriever Christopher A , Badowski Melissa E
Published: November 2018

No single-tablet antiretroviral (ARV) regimens (STRs) are approved for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD). Based on known pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)/dolutegravir (DTG) STR may represent a promising option. This case series presents the safety and efficacy of ABC/3TC/DTG STR in patients with HIV and ESRD on HD. Patients were included if they were HIV-positive, maintained on intermittent HD for ESRD, switched to an ARV regimen containing ABC/3TC/DTG, and had at least one set of virologic data before and after the switch. Average age (±standard deviation) was 59 (±8) years. The majority of patients were cis-gender male and non-Hispanic Black. Only one demonstrated clinically significant resistance at baseline. All were on multiple-tablet regimens prior to the switch. Five patients (83%) achieved undetectable HIV-RNA after the switch while only four patients (46%) were undetectable immediately prior. No decline in immune function was noted. ABC/3TC/DTG STR was well tolerated. Only one patient self-reported an adverse event (nausea), which resolved without drug discontinuation. Based on these data, it appears that ABC/3TC/DTG may be a safe and effective ARV-STR option for patients with HIV and ESRD on HD. A larger trial including a PK analysis is needed to confirm these findings.
Circulating levels of cardiac troponin T are associated with coronary noncalcified plaque burden in HIV-infected adults: a pilot study
Authors: Foster Parker , Sokoll Lori , Li Ji , Gerstenblith Gary , Fishman Elliot K , Kickler Thomas , Chen Shaoguang , Tai Hong , Lai Hong , Lai Shenghan
Published: November 2018

HIV infection and/or antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. However, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those without IV access cannot undergo contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography (CCTA). This study was to explore the relationship between cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels and the extent of coronary plaque burden, as assessed by CCTA in those with HIV infection. Between June and September 2017, 58 HIV-infected participants were recruited and underwent contrast-enhanced CCTA. cTnT was measured with the Elecsys Troponin T Gen 5 STAT assay, and noncalcified plaque burden was quantified using coronary plaque analysis. Robust regression model was employed to perform primary statistical analysis. Univariate robust regression analysis indicated that male gender, cardiovascular risk score defined by the 2013 ACC/AHA cardiovascular risk score algorithm, and cTnT levels were significantly associated with noncalcified plaque volume index (NCPI). Final robust regression analyses showed that only cTnT (log scale) was independently associated with the NCPI (regression coefficient: 0.0453 with 95% CI: 0.0151, 0.0755, p = 0.003). These results of this study suggest that cTnT may be a promising marker for coronary plaque burden, especially in patients with HIV-associated CKD or without IV access.
Inclusivity and exclusivity in the use of Cantonese ngo5dei6 (‘we’) in evasive replies in Hong Kong political discourse
Authors: Wai Brian Lap-ming , Ha Yap Foong
Published: November 2018

Politicians frequently face adversarial questions during election time. They often provide evasive replies to veer away from the controversial issues, but such equivocation also distances them from the audience. To deal with this problem, politicians often use the inclusive ‘we’ to identify themselves with the interest of the general public when they equivocate, or they sometimes use the exclusive ‘we’ to shift the responsibility of controversial policies to their political parties. The choice of inclusive versus exclusive ‘we’ in equivocation is not random but is governed by contextual factors, for example, the speech topic, the politician’s affiliation (if any) and the political system within a given culture. In Hong Kong, the Chief Executive Election candidates often do not belong to any political party. In this article, we examine how this unique contextual factor affects the choice of inclusive and exclusive ‘we’ in the evasive replies of politicians in the 2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive Election debates.
Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) Differentiate in vivo and Promote Facial Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Pereira Larissa Vilela , Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Cruz Dayane B. , Marchi Cláudia , Salomone Raquel , Oiticicca Jeanne , Costa Márcio Paulino , Haddad Luciana A. , Mingroni-Netto Regina Célia , Costa Heloisa Juliana Zabeu Rossi
Published: November 2018

Post-traumatic lesions with transection of the facial nerve present limited functional outcome even after repair by gold-standard microsurgical techniques. Stem cell engraftment combined with surgical repair has been reported as a beneficial alternative. However, the best association between the source of stem cell and the nature of conduit, as well as the long-term postoperative cell viability are still matters of debate. We aimed to assess the functional and morphological effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in polyglycolic acid tube (PGAt) combined with autografting of rat facial nerve on repair after neurotmesis. The mandibular branch of rat facial nerve submitted to neurotmesis was repaired by autograft and PGAt filled with purified basement membrane matrix with or without SHED. Outcome variables were compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and axon morphometric. Animals from the SHED group had mean CMAP amplitudes and mean axonal diameters significantly higher than the control group ( p < 0.001). Mean axonal densities were significantly higher in the control group ( p = 0.004). The engrafted nerve segment resected 6 weeks after surgery presented cells of human origin that were positive for the Schwann cell marker (S100), indicating viability of transplanted SHED and a Schwann cell-like phenotype. We conclude that regeneration of the mandibular branch of the rat facial nerve was improved by SHED within PGAt. The stem cells integrated and remained viable in the neural tissue for 6 weeks since transplantation, and positive labeling for S100 Schwann-cell marker suggests cells initiated in vivo differentiation.
Ab-10%υ¯ Mans .-10%υ¯r ῌasan Qamarī: Promoter of the Medical School of Rāzī (Rhazes)
Authors: Farkhondehzadeh Mahboobeh , Gohari Fakhrabad Mostafa
Published: November 2018

The medical history of Iran and Islam is marked by the presence of renowned physicians, some of whom are not well known outside Iran. Ab[Formula: see text] Man⋅[Formula: see text]r ῌasan ibn N[Formula: see text]ḥ Qamarī Bukhārā 'ī was an Iranian physician living in the fourth century AH (10th century CE). The scientific works of this sage indicate his skill and expertise in medical science. He was a man of such scientific stature that the renowned Iranian philosopher and physician, Avicenna, use may have been one of his disciples. Qamarī may be credited as one of the promoters of the medical school of Muḥammad Ibn Zakarīyyā Rāzī. Some of his works, including Al-Tanwīr Fī 'Isṭilāḥāt Al-Ṭibbīyyah and Al-Ghinā and Al-Munā are still extant. In this paper, his scientific life and works, based on primary sources, have been studied in order to shed light on his role in formation of the Muslim Medical School.
Standardized drug and alcohol questions at admission to an acute adult mental health unit: clarifying the burden of dual diagnoses across a five-year period
Authors: Reilly John , McDermott Brett , Dillon John
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

We aimed to report substance use across a five-year period in individuals admitted to an acute mental health unit, utilizing data from a routine clinical measure, diagnoses, and findings related to gender, ethnicity and the implementation of a new dual-diagnosis policy.

Methods:

Data was extracted from the electronic records of 2118 individuals who had consecutive admissions to the acute inpatient unit. Analysis focused on demographic and diagnosis variables and the drug and alcohol question in the Health of the Nations Outcome Scale.

Results:

Some 57.6% of the sample was in the at-risk drug and alcohol category. Male and indigenous inpatients were most at risk. More than 50% of patients with schizophrenia, anxiety and personality disorders were deemed at-risk. Following implementation of the dual-diagnosis policy, recorded primary and secondary substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses significantly increased.

Conclusions:

The study replicated previous findings of a high proportion of patients with co-morbid drug and alcohol use. In this sample it seems likely that the dual-diagnosis policy and related activities increased the rate of SUD diagnoses recorded, although it is likely to still be under-reported.
Perceptions of pregnant women regarding antidepressant and anxiolytic medication use during pregnancy
Authors: Kothari Alka , de Laat John , Dulhunty Joel M , Bruxner George
Published: November 2018

Objective:

The objective of this study was to explore attitudes and decision-making by pregnant women regarding antidepressant and anxiolytic use during pregnancy.

Method:

An observational study at an outer metropolitan hospital in Brisbane, Queensland. Pregnant women presenting for their first antenatal clinic visit were invited to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked about current or previous antidepressant/anxiolytic use, influences on drug decision-making and the adequacy of information received. Perceptions were measured on a 7-point Likert scale.

Results:

A total of 503 pregnant women were surveyed. The background prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.0% (151), with 9.3% (47) respondents using antidepressant or anxiolytic medications during the current pregnancy. Of these 47 women, 68% ceased these medications during or while trying to become pregnant, most commonly due to potential side effects to the baby (16), health professional advice (8) and symptomatology that was under control (7). While the effect was modest, decision-making was most strongly influenced by general practitioners, family and the internet.

Conclusions:

Most women cease antidepressant/anxiolytic medication before and during pregnancy for reasons other than stability of condition. This study reveals an unmet need for accessible reliable information to guide pregnant women and their care providers.
An Administrator's Perspective of Trends in Community Mental Health: An Interview with Norman J. Groetzinger
Authors: Gumz Edward J.
Published: November 2018

In this interview, Norman J. Groetzinger discusses major trends and challenges in community mental health since 1975 when he became executive director of the Counseling Center of Lake View, in a Chicago neighborhood. He places these trends in broader state and federal contexts and illustrates how mental health agencies and the Counseling Center of Lake View, in particular, have responded to these challenges. Many times persons with mental illness were better served as a result, but at times the changes ended up complicating how professionals go about doing their work.
Pathway to a Common Language: A Homeless Outreach Perspective
Authors: Levy Jay S.
Published: November 2018

The author discusses how outreach clinicians can join homeless individuals in the pursuit of a common language so the possibility of healthy change can be fully considered and explored. This approach, based on phenomenology and social construction theory, as well as principles from narrative therapy, is applied to the process of engagement with long-term homeless individuals who have major mental illness. A case example illustrates how outreach clinicians and homeless persons can consider various social service options from a common frame of reference. This work demonstrates what can be accomplished when clinicians are attentive to subtle meanings and thereby use language to form a meaningful connection with others. Ultimately, the development of a common language promotes engagement and treatment with a variety of people who are in need of social services but are often characterized as resistant or disinterested.
Runaway Youth System Dynamics: A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Runaway and Homeless Youth Policy
Authors: Staller Karen M.
Published: November 2018

System dynamics models help explain why intuitive, well-intentioned solutions to social problems go awry when introduced into complicated social systems. In this article, the author develops a dynamic model, applying it to runaway and homeless youth behavior and shelter usage. Together, the model and supporting evidence imply that simple linear thinking may guide policy expansion to the detriment of homeless youth. Shelters provide incentives for other service systems to neglect difficult cases, which raises serious questions about the efficacy of the shelter system. This model provides common ground upon which practitioners, administrators, policymakers, and research communities can consider the impact and effectiveness of policy and service. Furthermore, the model challenges these communities to bring dynamic system considerations to their work.
A National Survey of Violence in the Practice of Social Work
Authors: Jayaratne Srinika , Croxton Tom A. , Mattison Debra
Published: November 2018

Social workers are at risk of violence in the workplace. Some of this violence has been attributed to deinstitutionalization and the very nature of problems addressed by social workers. Yet, we know very little about nationwide prevalence of such incidents. In this study, the authors look at a national sample of social workers drawn from the membership of the National Association of Social Workers, with particular attention to race, gender, and practice context. Data suggest that verbal abuse is quite common, whereas threats of assault and actual assault are less common, but problematic. Being young and male places a worker at higher risk, and public and nonprofit agency practitioners report many more incidents than workers in private practice.
Developing Contracted Social Service Initiatives in Small Nonprofit Agencies: Understanding Management Dilemmas in Uncertain Environments
Authors: Anderson Steven G.
Published: November 2018

The author examines management dilemmas experienced by small nonprofit social services agencies as they entered new service domains with the assistance of governmental funding. Miscalculations regarding service and management expectations were common, as were problems in meeting contractual reporting requirements. Agencies also overestimated the possibility of using existing client pools as referral sources for the new services and consequently experienced difficulties in recruiting clients for service provision. Contrary to concerns raised in previous studies of nonprofit agencies, entering into new service domains did not create clear conflicts with existing agency service missions. However, subtle shifts in programming emphases did occur in some agencies. The implications of these findings for the development of contractual relationships between government agencies and small nonprofit agencies are discussed.
Parent Religiosity, Family Processes, and Adolescent Outcomes
Authors: Caputo Richard K.
Published: November 2018

This study examined the effects of parent religiosity, family processes, and peer influences on adolescent behavior in light of social control and social learning theories. Data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997. Findings of the study sample of 1,911 adolescents indicated that parent religiosity was positively associated with good health and higher levels of education, while inversely related to substance abuse. Adolescents with authoritarian parents had higher levels of delinquency, worse health, and worse mental health than those with permissive parents. Adolescents with uninvolved parents completed fewer years of schooling. Compared with parental religiosity and family processes, peer influences had the most influential effects on delinquency, substance abuse, education, and, to a lesser extent, mental health.
Beyond Technique: Performance and the Art of Social Work Practice
Authors: Seligson Lucy Vance
Published: November 2018

Aspects of the art of performance (drama, dance, and music) can inform and enhance social work practice. The author explores parallels between the two crafts: the importance of technique, self-knowledge and use of self, and being in the moment.
A Narrative Expansion of Emotionally Focused Therapy With Intercultural Couples
Authors: Linhof Angela Y. , Allan Robert
Published: November 2018

Intercultural relationships continue to rise in the United States, while the fields of couple and family therapy research lag in their inclusion of diverse samples that best reflect these relationship realities. Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) is an empirically supported approach to working with couples that offers promise for working with intercultural couples. In this article, we first review clinical considerations when working with intercultural couples and then discuss how therapists can expand EFT using narrative techniques to ensure the realities intercultural couples face are included in the therapeutic process. We conclude with specific suggestions for working with intercultural couples.
A Narrative Review on Avulsion Fractures of the Upper and Lower Limbs
Authors: Vannabouathong Christopher , Ayeni Olufemi R , Bhandari Mohit
Published: November 2018

Avulsion fractures compromise function and movement at the affected joint. If left untreated, it can lead to deformity, nonunion, malunion, pain, and disability. The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the epidemiology and available treatment options for common avulsion fractures of the upper and lower extremities. Current evidence suggests that optimal treatment is dependent on the severity of the fracture. Conservative efforts generally include casting or splinting with a period of immobilization. Surgery is typically indicated for more severe cases or if nonoperative treatments fail; patient demographics or preferences and surgeon experience may also play a role in decision making. Some avulsion fractures can be surgically managed with any one of various techniques, each with their own pros and cons, and often there is no clear consensus on choosing one technique over another; however, there is some research suggesting that screw fixation, when possible, may offer the best stability and compression at the fracture site and earlier mobilization and return to function. Physicians should be mindful of the potential complications associated with each intervention.
Dermatology-Related Uses of Medical Cannabis Promoted by Dispensaries in Canada, Europe, and the United States
Authors: Lim Megan , Kirchhof Mark G.
Published: November 2018

There is a growing interest in the use of medical cannabis for a variety of dermatologic conditions. Despite the lack of evidence to validate the effectiveness and safety of marijuana, it is approved to treat a variety of dermatologic conditions in the United States. Furthermore, medical cannabis dispensaries have been making unsubstantiated claims about medical cannabis. It is important for dermatologists to know about the purported use of medical cannabis to help patients navigate this new treatment option, particularly as cannabis becomes legal in Canada in October 2018. We collected and tabulated the dermatologic indications for medical cannabis from Canada, the United States, and Europe. In the United States, dermatologic-approved indications vary by state but include psoriasis, lupus, nail-patella syndrome, and severe pain. Health Canada has listed psoriasis, dermatitis, and pruritus as potential therapeutic uses for cannabis but does not endorse its use for therapeutic purposes. We also surveyed the websites of dispensaries in Canada, the United States, and Europe and found that numerous unsubstantiated claims were being made and advertised to consumers. Dermatologic uses of medical cannabis, as claimed by dispensaries, included treating acne, aging, allergic contact dermatitis, chronic pain, herpes, dermatitis, lupus, Lyme disease, nevi, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa, and melanoma. Psoriasis, dermatitis, and chronic pain were the most commonly cited indications for medical cannabis listed by dispensaries. Our data indicate that the suggested and advertised uses of medical cannabis are largely unsubstantiated. Further research is necessary to validate the indications, effectiveness, and safety of medical cannabis.
Multidisciplinary data infrastructures in multiple sclerosis: Why they are needed and can be done!
Authors: Peeters Liesbet M , van Munster Caspar EP , Van Wijmeersch Bart , Bruyndonckx Robin , Lamers Ilse , Hellings Niels , Popescu Veronica , Thalheim Christoph , Feys Peter
Published: November 2018

Personalized treatment is highly desirable in multiple sclerosis (MS). We believe that multidisciplinary measurements including clinical, functional and patient-reported outcome measures in combination with extensive patient profiling can enhance personalized treatment and rehabilitation strategies. We elaborate on four reasons behind this statement: (1) MS disease activity and progression are complex and multidimensional concepts in nature and thereby defy a one-size-fits-all description, (2) functioning, progression, treatment, and rehabilitation effects are interdependent and should be investigated together, (3) personalized healthcare is based on the dynamics of system biology and on technology that confirms a patient’s fundamental biology and (4) inclusion of patient-reported outcome measures can facilitate patient-relevant healthcare. We discuss currently available multidisciplinary MS data initiatives and introduce joint actions to further increase the overall success. With this topical review, we hope to drive the MS community to invest in expanding towards more multidisciplinary and longitudinal data collection.
International consensus on quality standards for brain health-focused care in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hobart Jeremy , Bowen Amy , Pepper George , Crofts Harriet , Eberhard Lucy , Berger Thomas , Boyko Alexey , Boz Cavit , Butzkueven Helmut , Celius Elisabeth Gulowsen , Drulovic Jelena , Flores José , Horáková Dana , Lebrun-Frénay Christine , Marrie Ruth Ann , Overell James , Piehl Fredrik , Rasmussen Peter Vestergaard , Sá Maria José , Sîrbu Carmen-Adella , Skromne Eli , Torkildsen Øivind , van Pesch Vincent , Vollmer Timothy , Zakaria Magd , Ziemssen Tjalf , Giovannoni Gavin
Published: November 2018

Background:

Time matters in multiple sclerosis (MS). Irreversible neural damage and cell loss occur from disease onset. The MS community has endorsed a management strategy of prompt diagnosis, timely intervention and regular proactive monitoring of treatment effectiveness and disease activity to improve outcomes in people with MS.

Objectives:

We sought to develop internationally applicable quality standards for timely, brain health–focused MS care.

Methods:

A panel of MS specialist neurologists participated in an iterative, online, modified Delphi process to define ‘core’, ‘achievable’ and ‘aspirational’ time frames reflecting minimum, good and high care standards, respectively. A multidisciplinary Reviewing Group (MS nurses, people with MS, allied healthcare professionals) provided insights ensuring recommendations reflected perspectives from multiple stakeholders.

Results:

Twenty-one MS neurologists from 19 countries reached consensus on most core (25/27), achievable (25/27) and aspirational (22/27) time frames at the end of five rounds. Agreed standards cover six aspects of the care pathway: symptom onset, referral and diagnosis, treatment decisions, lifestyle, disease monitoring and managing new symptoms.

Conclusion:

These quality standards for core, achievable and aspirational care provide MS teams with a three-level framework for service evaluation, benchmarking and improvement. They have the potential to produce a profound change in the care of people with MS.
Confronting stereotypic biases: Does internal versus external motivational framing matter?
Authors: Burns Mason D. , Monteith Margo J.
Published: November 2018

We investigated whether confrontations of intergroup bias that had an external (e.g., emphasizing social norms) versus internal (e.g., emphasizing values) motivational framing differentially reduced subsequent stereotyping. Internally and externally framed confrontations reduced stereotyping equally compared to a control condition, both immediately (Experiments 1 and 2) and across a 2- to 3-day delay (Experiment 1). Only weak evidence was found for a “matching hypothesis” when participants own chronic internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice were assessed. Confrontation framing did not interact with chronic motivations to affect stereotyping in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, participants highly internally motivated to respond without bias reduced bias most with an internally framed confrontation, whereas participants who were not motivated for internal reasons reduced bias most with an externally framed confrontation. Finally, whereas both motivational framings reduced stereotyping, simply pointing bias out did not. Thus, providing some motivational framing is important for confrontation effectiveness.
Marker-free monitoring of the grandstand structures and modal identification using computer vision methods
Authors: Dong Chuan-Zhi , Celik Ozan , Catbas F Necati
Published: November 2018

In this study, a vision-based multi-point structural dynamic monitoring framework is proposed. This framework aims to solve issues in current vision-based structural health monitoring. Limitations are due to manual markers, single-point monitoring, and synchronization between a multiple-camera setup and a sensor network. The proposed method addresses the first issue using virtual markers—features extracted from an image—instead of physical manual markers. The virtual markers can be selected according to each scenario, which makes them versatile. The framework also overcomes the issue of single-point monitoring by utilizing an advanced visual tracking algorithm based on optical flow, allowing multi-point displacement measurements. Besides, a synchronization mechanism between a multiple-camera setup and a sensor network is built. The proposed method is first tested on a grandstand simulator located in the laboratory. The experiment is to verify the performance of displacement measurement of the proposed method and conduct structural identification of the grandstand through multi-point displacement records. The results from the proposed method are then compared to the data gathered by traditional displacement sensors and accelerometers. A second experiment is conducted at a stadium during a football game to validate the feasibility of field application and the operational modal identification of the stadium under human crowd jumping through the measured displacement records. From these experiments, it is concluded that the proposed method can be employed to identify modal parameters for structural health monitoring.
Mosaic of care: Preschool children’s caring expressions and enactments
Authors: McCormick Kate I
Published: November 2018

Children engage in a multitude of reciprocal relationships of care within Early Childhood Care and Education settings; they act as both care-receivers and care-givers. In order to better understand the ways in which children construct care (i.e. as they receive it and provide it to others), this study investigated how 15 three- to five-year-olds expressed, enacted, and then subsequently described and explained their experiences of care in one preschool classroom in the Midwestern United States. Data were captured using the Mosaic approach and included observations, photographs, videos, child conferences, and book-making. Analysis of the data revealed that children constructed care in five ways: to minimize the discomfort or pain of others, support relationships, promote positive emotion, enhance healthy and safe habits, and ensure the longevity and sustainability of their shared resources. Interpretations and implications of the mosaic of care generated in the site are discussed.
On the Influence of Foreign Players on the Success of Football Clubs
Authors: Royuela Vicente , Gásquez Roberto
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes whether having more foreign players influences the performance of football clubs. We do so by comparing a cross section of close to 1,000 football clubs all over the world. We find that, on average, those clubs in leagues with more foreign players display better results in the world rankings. Nevertheless, within each league, where all clubs have the same regulations, having more foreign players has no effect. In the end, when all clubs have the same possibilities for importing better players from abroad, what matters is the financial power to choose the better ones.
Platform Ideologies: Ideological Production in Digital Intermediation Platforms and Structural Effectivity in the “Sharing Economy”
Authors: Karatzogianni Athina , Matthews Jacob
Published: November 2018

Drawing from three sets of literature (critical economy of platformization, labor organization, and digital activism), this article introduces an integrated framework to analyze ideological production in digital intermediation platforms, particularly in relation to the sharing economy. We analyze documents, fieldwork interviews from twenty-eight actors, and observation of events in Barcelona, Paris, and Berlin during 2015–2017. We find that there are three dominant ideological strands: “sharing economy,” “commons,” and “platform cooperativism,” within a spectrum that ranges from legitimizing neoliberalism and/or reasserting a reformist, more humane capitalism to more radical visions: cooperative society to commons-oriented production, and resisting privatization, through the recapturing of public space as commons. The actors we interviewed can be seen as part of an intermediate class, dependent on platforms for their survival, and who end up involuntary promoters of their own alienation and exploitation, consolidating the deterioration of the very digital labor conditions they seek to transform.
Psychometric Fundamentals of the Social Skills Improvement System: Social–Emotional Learning Edition Rating Forms
Authors: Gresham Frank , Elliott Stephen , Metallo Sarah , Byrd Shelby , Wilson Elizabeth , Erickson Megan , Cassidy Kaitlin , Altman Robert
Published: November 2018

This study described the development of the Social Skills Improvement System Social Emotional Learning Edition Rating Forms (SSIS SEL RF) for teachers, parents, and students. This new multirater assessment is a reconfiguration of the SSIS Rating Scales items inspired by the CASEL Social Emotional Competency framework. The internal structure and score reliability estimates were examined across three raters for a common sample of more than 200 individual children ages 3 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses tested against the CASEL five-dimensional SEL theoretical model demonstrated adequate fit for the SSIS SEL Parent and Student RFs and mediocre fit of the Teacher RF. Internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability estimates for scores on each of the SSIS SEL RFs all met or exceeded acceptable criteria. Thus, researchers and practitioners interested in measuring the social–emotional behavior of children ages 3 to 18 can expect reliable scores and structurally meaningful behavior content within the Collaborative on Academic Social Emotional Learning (CASEL) SEL competency framework. Limitations to the present findings and suggestions for future research conclude the report.
Ti Foyer (Hearth) Community-Based Nutrition Activities Informed by the Positive Deviance Approach in Leogane, Haiti: A Programmatic Description
Authors: Bolles Kathryn , Speraw Catherine , Berggren Gretchen , Lafontant Jack Guy
Published: November 2018

This paper details the steps to design and implement a positive deviance-informed, “Hearth” approach for the nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished children in the district of Leogane, Haiti. Groups of four to five children met daily for two weeks at the home of a local volunteer mother for nutritional and health messages and a well-balanced meal. Health messages and meal components were determined using information gathered from interviews with the mothers of positive deviant children in the community who are well nourished despite their family's limited economic resources. Hearth participants were then followed for six months in their own home by the program “monitrices,” women hired from each village and intensively trained to supervise the Hearth program, periodically weigh the children to evaluate their progress, and liaise between the hospital and the community. Monitoring from the first cycle indicated that 100% of children in eight villages and 66% of children in the remaining five villages continued to gain weight as fast or faster than the international standard median six months after participating in a Hearth program. At the conclusion of this cycle, programmers interviewed participant and non-participant families and made six modifications to the model, including the addition of a microcredit option for participating mothers.