bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
60.3: A Novel Backlight System with High On‐axis Luminance and Small Viewing Angle
Authors: Fan Chen‐Wei , Pan Jui‐Wen , Tu Sheng‐Han
Published: July 2011

We introduce a novel backlight module, which consists of a hybrid light guide plate (HLGP) and a brightness enhancement film (BEF). The HLGP comprises the functions of conventional light guide plate, reflector, and a BEF. The HLGP allows one‐dimensional light to be collimated. We add an additional BEF above the HLGP, and let the crossed‐dimension light to be collimated. Comparing with the conventional edge‐lit backlight module, the total flux can improve 1.5 times and the on‐axis luminance can improve 4.0 times by using the novel backlight module.
60.4: Distinguished Paper: A Directional Backlight with Narrow Angular Luminance Distribution for Widening Viewing Angle of a LCD with a Front‐Surface‐Light‐Scattering Film
Authors: Käläntär K.
Published: July 2011

A directional backlight unit has been developed for widening the viewing angle of a TN‐LCD with a front‐surface‐light scattering film. The novel directional backlight has a diagonal of 34‐cm and is structured by light‐direction control micro features and an inverted prism film. The backlight has a round luminance cone of +/‐9 deg. and a uniform spatial distribution of 90%. In combination with the LCD, the narrow cone resulted in widening of the TN‐LCD's viewing angle up to 120 deg. FWHM.
73.1L: Late‐News Paper: Novel Multi‐View Display using QDA Screen with Short Projection Distance by Tiled Image Method
Authors: Ozawa Shiro , Iso Kazuyuki , Yao Yasuhiro , Kawakami Tohru , Katagiri Baku , Suzuki Yoshihito , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: July 2011

We have developed a novel multi‐view display that uses “Quantized‐Diffusion‐Angle screen (QDA Screen).” In this paper, we propose a tiled image method to eliminate the need for a QDA screen with long projection distance.
73.2L: Late‐News Paper: A Multi‐View Projection Display
Authors: Kuo Huei Pei , Tan Kar Han , Hubby Larry , Garcia Robert , Bratkovsky Alexander M.
Published: July 2011

We describe a multi‐view projection system. The system comprises multiple projectors and a screen with scattering angles that can be tailored to suit the viewing environments. The tailoring of the scattering angles is accomplished by incorporating micro‐structures onto the screen surface. We have fabricated screens with horizontal scattering angles ranging from <1° to over 100° FWHM. We demonstrate a three‐view display system with negligible crosstalk between the views. We also demonstrate a glasses‐free 3D prototype with 20 projectors and a contiguous angular viewing zone of about 10°. The capability to tailor the screen scattering angle in conjunction with novel optics enables us to expand greatly the number of views of the displays.
61.2: The 3D Image Quality Index (ΔX3D) Including Crosstalk, Motion Blur, and Disparity for Two‐View Stereoscopic Images
Authors: Chien Yu‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: July 2011

An evaluation index to quantify the overall 3D image quality for two‐view Stereoscopic image is proposed. Considering crosstalk, motion blur, and disparity, the 3D image quality index (ΔX3D) was proven to have a high positive correlation with human perception. Finally, a 3D image can be quantified by ΔX3D with importing the gray‐to‐gray response time, optical crosstalk, and the disparity of two‐eye images.
61.3: Stereoscopic 3D Content Depth Tuning Guided by Human Visual Models
Authors: Yuan Chang , Pan Hao , Daly Scott
Published: July 2011

We present a new approach for tuning stereoscopic 3D content based on viewers' comfort and preferences. 2D image disparities are computed by a block matching based estimation algorithm. Human visual comfort models are applied to analyze the image disparities and guide the depth tuning (shifting/scaling) algorithms in order to generate new stereo views with desired and comfortable depth perception. Real‐life image results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
62.4: Hybrid Polymer‐OLEDs with Doped Small‐molecule Electron Transport Layers for Display Applications
Authors: Denker Ulrich , Canzler Tobias W. , Birnstock Jan , Grizzi Ilaria , Fernandez Oscar , Anderson Graham , Spain Elliott
Published: July 2011

We report on the development of hybrid P‐OLEDs for display applications. Hybrid P‐OLEDs combine polymeric hole side and emitter layers with small molecule layers as organic electron side. Experimental data for blue hybrid P‐OLEDs is presented and compared to standard P‐OLEDs with inorganic cathode side.
63.2: Pre‐Tilt Alignment Technique via Photo‐Reactive Side Chains on PI Layer for VA LCD
Authors: Yang Kai‐Xian , Lien Jan‐Tien
Published: July 2011

A VA‐mode PI possessing photo‐reactive side chains, has the ability of pretilting LC without any rubbing treatment was demonstrated. With this PI layer, the uniformity of the pretilt distribution would be better than the conventional VA mode, which in turn leads to high quality and much reliable VA LCD.
63.3: Fast Switching Surface‐Polymer‐Assisted IPS Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate fast switching surface‐polymer‐assisted in‐plane switching (SPA‐IPS) liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The formation of polymer nano islands at the substrate surface as the alignment layers is achieved by liquid crystal (LC) directed polymerization of a small amount of a reactive monomer in homogenously aligned liquid crystal. At appropriate concentration, the phase‐separated nano‐sized polymer islands, with a preferential orientation direction following the rubbing direction, act as internal surface alignment layers and enable the fast switching of field‐induced reorientation of liquid crystal molecules. Furthermore, significant improvement in switch‐off time of a SPA‐IPS will be due to the increased surface anchoring strength by the low‐density surface‐localized polymer islands.
64‐1: Invited Paper: The New Information Display Measurements Standard—a Display Metrology Document
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: July 2011

The International Committee for Display Metrology of the Society for Information Display is releasing the Information Display Measurements Standard (IDMS) to assist industry in dealing with display metrology issues. We review the history of the document, its philosophy, its structure, and new content.
64.2: MEMs‐Based Reflective Display Measurements in Ambient Use Conditions
Authors: Fiske Thomas G.
Published: July 2011

The principles embodied in the upcoming ICDM Information Display Measurement Standard are used to measure the optical performance for a prototype MEMs‐based color reflective display designed for e‐reader applications. We explore the effects of ambient lighting geometry on perceived luminance, contrast and color performance.
64.3: Flicker Visibility: A Perceptual Metric for Display Flicker
Authors: Watson Andrew B. , Ahumada Albert J.
Published: July 2011

Display flicker is an old problem with renewed importance in modern displays. Current metrics of display flicker are overly complicated and do not report the visibility of the artifact in just‐noticeable differences (JNDs). We propose a new perceptual metric ‐ flicker visibility ‐ measured in JNDs.
65.3: Stencil Field‐Sequential‐Color Method on Locally Controlled Side‐lit Eco‐LCDs
Authors: Teng Chang‐I , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2011

To develop a thin, high image quality, and low power consumption eco‐display, a novel backlight determination method called “Limited Backlight Signal Ratio” (LBSR) is proposed to applied in a side‐lit 180Hz Stencil‐FSC LCD. The point spread function of a side‐lit backlight division is optimized to maintain a 97% higher backlight luminance uniformity and good image fidelity. Simulation results indicate the optimal backlight division is 2×16 with color breakup suppression reach asymptotic end values. The experimental photos demonstrate the side‐lit LBSR 180Hz Stencil‐FSC method can suppress color breakup effectively and can increase image fidelity greatly. As a result, side‐lit LBSR 180Hz Stencil‐FSC method is promising for future side‐lit eco‐display applications.
66.1: Invited Paper: Performance of a Large‐size White OLED for Lighting Application
Authors: Kang Min Soo , Joo Mun Kyu , Lee Jung Hyoung , Ham Yun Hye , Kim Jung Bum , Moon Kyoung Sik , Son Sehwan
Published: July 2011

We present current status of OLED lighting devices developed at LG Chem. Uniformity of brightness, device longevity at high brightness level and relatively high efficiency are achieved using 10×10 cm2 one‐pixel devices. Only commercially viable processes and cell structures were chosen for these experiments.
3.3: Design and Modeling of a Refractive Liquid Crystal Lens for Tunable Optical Correction in 3‐D Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Li Liwei , Shi Lei , Bryant Doug , Bos Philip J. , van Heugten Tony , Duston Dwight
Published: July 2011

We propose a design and fabrication method for a liquid crystal tunable refractive lens, used as optical correction in 3‐D stereoscopic displays for reducing the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence. The voltage profile for the proper refractive power is calculated by our modeling.
58.3: Invited Paper: Flexible Transparent Photoluminescent Display
Authors: Jang Cheol , Lee Sung‐Min , Kim Kukjoo , Ahn Sung‐Il , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2011

In this study, we demonstrate a flexible transparent photoluminescent display using a plasma display platform. The plasma display is a viable nominee as a flexible transparent display as this platform has a very simple structure and does not require thin film transistors to drive the display device. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic film was used as a substrate. A test panel was fabricated with organic materials, with the exception of an electrode and a magnesium oxide (MgO) protecting layer, at a fabrication temperature lower than 60 °C. The test panel was highly transparent, and the transmittance measured from the fabricated test panel was approximately 40% over the entire visible spectral range.
Nitrogen fluxes from the landscape are controlled by net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and by climate
Authors: Howarth Robert , Swaney Dennis , Billen Gilles , Garnier Josette , Hong Bongghi , Humborg Christoph , Johnes Penny , Mörth Carl-Magnus , Marino Roxanne
Published: July 2011

The flux of nitrogen (N) to coastal marine ecosystems is strongly correlated with the “net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs” (NANI) to the landscape across 154 watersheds, ranging in size from 16 km2 to 279 000 km2, in the US and Europe. When NANI values are greater than 1070 kg N km−2 yr−1, an average of 25% of the NANI is exported from those watersheds in rivers. Our analysis suggests a possible threshold at lower NANI levels, with a smaller fraction exported when NANI values are below 1070 kg N km−2 yr−1. Synthetic fertilizer is the largest component of NANI in many watersheds, but other inputs also contribute substantially to the N fluxes; in some regions, atmospheric deposition of N is the major component. The flux of N to coastal areas is controlled in part by climate, and a higher percentage of NANI is exported in rivers, from watersheds that have higher freshwater discharge.
Developing the Concept of Order: An Example of Constructivist Remediation for Optimizing Memory and Learning Processes
Authors: Paour Jean-Louis , Bailleux Christine
Published: July 2011

In relation to the theme of this special issue, we present a recently developed instrument (ORDO) in order to demonstrate the heuristic value of the constructivist conception of conceptual development for devising cognitive remediation tools. It seems opportune to present this remedial instrument because the concept of order that it seeks to build is rather directly linked to memorization, basic school learning, and learning disabilities. In the first part, we begin by contrasting a constructivist remediation with a metacognitive one. Then, considering the decisive contribution of sequential processes to early school learning and the link between defective or inadequate sequential processes and learning disabilities, we defend the idea that promoting understanding of the concept of order constitutes a relevant educational and remedial objective. We argue that the combination of a metacognitive approach with interventions designed to foster conceptual development is a valuable alternative to processual training or mere metacognitive interventions. In the second part, we present the objectives of our proposed constructivist intervention, detail and justify the steps of its construction, describe its general organization, and give some examples of tasks and activities.
Same Cognitive Performance, Different Learning Potential: Dynamic Assessment of Young Adults With Identical Cognitive Performance
Authors: Kozulin Alex
Published: July 2011

The dynamic assessment (DA) paradigm asserts that the level of a person’s current cognitive performance (often operationalized as problem solving) does not necessarily coincide with his or her learning potential. For the most part learning potential assessment procedures have been used to uncover a “hidden” cognitive potential of low-performing students. Such an orientation diverted the attention of DA researchers from a more fundamental question regarding the difference between learning and problem-solving processes in all individuals, including children and adults with normative development. In the present study the DA learning processes in individuals with an identical level of problem solving were analyzed. Special attention was paid to DA based on worked-out examples; a possible impact of the features of various examples was investigated. The results indicate that young adults with similar problem-solving performance have very different learning abilities. The comprehensiveness of worked-out examples seems to be important for individuals with medium problem-solving performance, but irrelevant for those with higher performance. DA research should pay more attention to the studies focusing on curriculum-based learning processes.
Private Speech and Self-Regulation in Children with Impulse-Control Difficulties: Implications for Research and Practice
Authors: Berk Laura E.
Published: July 2011

The author considers Vygotsky’s theory of the development of private speech, placing special emphasis on its implications for children with impulse-control difficulties. Research supporting Vygotsky’s view of private speech as having social origins, as being progressively internalized with age, and as serving a self-regulatory function is summarized. The main body of the paper focuses on a series of studies examining private speech in children symptomatic of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD show a similar course of private-speech development as do other children. However, they fail to increase their use of task-relevant private speech with task difficulty (as matched controls do), and their internalization of private speech is substantially delayed. Nevertheless, when ADHD children call on it, self-guiding private speech appears to be highly effective in assisting them in mastering highly challenging tasks. These findings are interpreted in light of Vygotsky’s theory and related to Barkley’s assumption that ADHD involves a primary impairment in behavioral inhibition. Practical implications for helping children with impulse-control problems are considered.
Dynamic Testing: A Comprehensive Model and Current Fields of Application
Authors: Wiedl Karl H.
Published: July 2011

In the introductory section of the paper, some general issues of Dynamic Testing (DT) are addressed: conceptualizations of performance change within a formal theory of psychological testing, a proposition on how to define DT, basic paradigms of applying the approach, and some recent historical trends. In the next section, the question of what happens during DT in terms of psychological processes is discussed. With regard to this question, a transactional model is presented where performance and performance change is conceptualized as being related to variations in aspects of a task, the person, and the mode of intervention. Several studies are presented to illustrate differentiations of the model. Its applicability is further demonstrated by recent studies in schizophrenia research, revealing strong differences between the patients in responsivity to intervention and underlining the salience of these characteristics for clinical and rehabilitational issues. Concluding remarks focus on specific requirements of basic and applied research in DT and the need to increase the implementation of DT in the professional community.
Meta-Analysis of Dynamic Assessment Research in South Africa
Authors: Murphy Raegan , Maree David J.F.
Published: July 2011

The need for tertiary education screening in South Africa has highlighted the role dynamic assessment has to play in this regard, and as no cumulative statistical conclusions can be drawn from single case studies, it was considered timely to do so. In order to address this gap in the field, a meta-analysis was conducted on studies that focused on the efficacy of dynamic assessment interventions within various settings. Fewer research studies dealing with dynamic assessment have been conducted in South Africa as compared to overseas research in the same area. The study served a two-fold purpose: first, to assess the significance of the synthesized effect size from a number of individual studies whose original intention was an investigation of the significance of dynamic assessment interventions; second, to compare two meta-analytic software programs that are freely available online. Small to average effect sizes of 0.3354 and 0.3481 were generated respectively by both programs, with the typical effect size ranging from 0.2–0.8. The method and results of this meta-analysis are discussed along with the limitations inherent in both the programs and we conclude with recommendations for further meta-analytic studies in South Africa within the field of dynamic assessment.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Two Reading Intervention Programs for Children With Reading Disabilities
Authors: Das J. P. , Hayward V. , Georgiou George K. , Janzen Troy , Boora Neelam
Published: July 2011

The effectiveness of two reading intervention programs (phonics-based and inductive learning) was investigated with 63 First Nations children identified as poor readers in Grades 3 and 4 in Study 1, whereas in Study 2, the efficacy of booster sessions for inductive learning or PREP (PASS Reading Enhancement Program) was examined. The major dependent variables in Study 1 were pretest to posttest changes following intervention on reading tests for word reading and word decoding. Other dependent variables comprised tests of phonological awareness, rapid naming speed, and cognitive tests of Planning, Attention, Successive, and Simultaneous processing (PASS). Results of Study 1 showed a significant improvement on both reading tasks following inductive learning intervention, among children below the median in comparison with those above the median. The phonics-based program resulted in similar improvement in only one of the reading tasks, word decoding. Results are discussed in terms of approaches to reading intervention for children with persistent reading difficulties. In Study 2, the important dependent variables were word reading and word decoding, as well as passage comprehension. Results showed that PREP participants evidenced continued improvements in their reading skills, notably in comprehension.
Policing Domestic Violence: The Significance of Charging in the Post-Arrest Decision Making of Police Officers
Authors: Phillips Scott W. , Gillham James
Published: July 2011

During the 1980s many state legislatures enacted laws to address domestic violence cases, including mandatory arrest and warrantless arrest in a misdemeanor domestic violence incident. The domestic violence arrest decision has been extensively examined, but this is not the final decision point for officers. This research examined police officers’ decisions when listing criminal charges in domestic violence incidents. Using a vignette research design, data come from 267 police officers in a large department. Most police officers listed the criminal charge that would be expected based on the conditions described in the vignette. Specific factors increased the likelihood of misdemeanor and felony level criminal charges being listed.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence During the Third Trimester and First Postpartum Year in Primiparous Women
Authors: Birch Linda , Doyle P. M.
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of and risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) during the antenatal period and postpartum year in primiparous women.

DESIGN: A longitudinal, prospective, repeated measures and cohort study.

SETTING: Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

PARTICIPANTS: Primiparous women with no preexisting disease (N = 516) recruited after a normal 20-week obstetric ultrasound scan.

METHOD: Data were collected in the last trimester of pregnancy and at 6 weeks, at 6 months, and at 1 year postpartum using validated questionnaires. Obstetric data were extracted from case notes.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: UI symptoms.

RESULTS: Stress incontinence during the third trimester was reported by 39.7% (n = 185) of the women participating in the study. At 6 weeks postpartum, 28.2% (n = 114); at 6 months postpartum, 31% (n = 123); and at 1 year postpartum, 26.5% (n = 89) of participants also reported stress incontinence.

Urge incontinence was reported by 23.5% (n = 110) of participants in the third trimester, 21.2% (n = 86) at 6 weeks postpartum, 21.4% (n = 85) at 6 months postpartum, and 16.4% (n = 55) at 1 year postpartum.

Women younger than 20 years old had higher rates of postpartum urge incontinence (p < .001) possibly associated with increased rates of infection. Body mass index (BMI) >30 was associated with higher rates of antenatal stress incontinence but was not significant in the postpartum period. BMI <20 was associated with an increase in postpartum urge incontinence. Prolonged periods in labor without bladder emptying was associated with increased rates of UI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36). Forceps delivery was associated with postpartum stress incontinence (OR = 2.41). Although cesarean section appeared protective against UI initially, long-term data show a progressive increase in reported rates of UI even after elective cesarean section. Perineal trauma was associated with UI throughout the postpartum year with those women having anal sphincter disruption with the highest rates of stress incontinence (p < .005). Birth weight, duration of labor, feeding method, epidural anesthesia, and smoking were not significant. Overall, UI appears to be a regressive condition. Some participants had a progressive, deteriorating condition, which appears to be associated with a higher BMI or >6 hours from bladder emptying to delivery of the newborn.

CONCLUSION: There are several identifiable risk factors that increase the prevalence and/or severity of UI symptoms.
Monitoring of CD4+CD25highIL-7Rαhigh activated T Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Vallotton Laure , Hadaya Karine , Venetz Jean-Pierre , Buehler Leo H. , Ciuffreda Donatella , Nseir Ghaleb , Codarri Laura , Villard Jean , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Pascual Manuel
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

In humans, circulating CD4+CD25high T cells contain mainly regulatory T cells (Treg; FoxP3+IL-7Rαlow), but a small subset is represented by activated effector T cells (Tact; FoxP3−IL-7Rαhigh). The balance between Tact and Treg may be important after transplantation. The aim of this study was first to analyze and correlate CD4+CD25high Tact and Treg with the clinical status of kidney transplant recipients and second to study prospectively the effect of two immunosuppressive regimens on Tact/Treg during the first year after transplantation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

CD4+CD25high Tact and Treg were analyzed by flow cytometry, either retrospectively in 90 patients greater than 1 year after kidney transplantation (cross-sectional analysis) or prospectively in 35 patients receiving two immunosuppressive regimens after kidney transplantation (prospective analysis).

Results

A higher proportion of Tact and a lower proportion of Treg were found in the majority of kidney recipients. In chronic humoral rejection, a strikingly higher proportion of Tact was present. A subgroup of stable recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitor–free immunosuppression (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, or sirolimus) had Tact values that were similar to healthy individuals. In the prospective analysis, the proportion of Tact significantly increased in both immunosuppression groups during the first year after transplantation.

Conclusions

These data highlight distinct patterns in the proportion of circulating Tact depending on the clinical status of kidney recipients. Moreover, the prospective analysis demonstrated an increase in the proportion of Tact, regardless of the immunosuppressive regimen. The measurement of Tact, in addition to Treg, may become a useful immune monitoring tool after kidney transplantation.
Intradialytic Hypertension and its Association with Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Inrig Jula K. , Van Buren Peter , Kim Catherine , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Povsic Thomas J. , Toto Robert D.
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

Intradialytic hypertension is associated with adverse outcomes, yet the mechanism is uncertain. Patients with intradialytic hypertension exhibit imbalances in endothelial-derived vasoregulators nitric oxide and endothelin-1, indirectly suggesting endothelial cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that intradialytic hypertension is associated in vivo with endothelial cell dysfunction, a novel predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Design, settings, participants, & measurements

We performed a case-control cohort study including 25 hemodialysis (HD) subjects without (controls) and 25 with intradialytic hypertension (an increase in systolic BP pre- to postdialysis ≥10 mmHg ≥4/6 consecutive HD sessions). The primary outcome was peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) assessed by aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHbr) and cell surface marker expression (CD34+CD133+). We also assessed endothelial function by ultrasonographic measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) normalized for shear stress. Parametric and nonparametric t tests were used to compare EPCs, FMD, and BP.

Results

Baseline characteristics and comorbidities were similar between groups. Compared with controls, 2-week average predialysis systolic BP was lower among subjects with intradialytic hypertension (144.0 versus 155.5 mmHg), but postdialysis systolic BP was significantly higher (159.0 versus 128.1 mmHg). Endothelial cell function was impaired among subjects with intradialytic hypertension as measured by decreased median ALDHbr cells and decreased CD34+CD133+ cells (ALDHbr, 0.034% versus 0.053%; CD34+CD133+, 0.033% versus 0.059%). FMD was lower among subjects with intradialytic hypertension (1.03% versus 1.67%).

Conclusions

Intradialytic hypertension is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction. We propose that endothelial cell dysfunction may partially explain the higher event rates observed in these patients.
Preoperative preparation of patients with arterial or pulmonary hypertension in noncardiac surgery
Authors: Ivanovic Branislava , Tadic Marijana , Markovic Dejan , Bradic Zeljko , Jankovic Radmilo , Kalezic Nevena
Published: July 2011

Arterial hypertension is not an independent risk factor in cardiovascular
complications in noncardiac surgery. Nevertheless, preoperative evaluation is
necessary and includes estimation of arterial hypertension grade and possible
damage of target organs. In patients with first and second grade of arterial
hypertension postponement of elective intervention is not necessary, only
optimization of therapy. On the other hand, patients with third level
arterial hypertension have benefit if intervention is postponed till the
reduction of arterial pressure. There is no indication that any of the
antihypertensive drug groups has advantage in the preoperative treatment of
hypertension. Unlike arterial hypertension pulmonary hypertension increases
the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. In
patients with pulmonary hypertension, anesthesia and surgery may be
complicated with heart failure, hypoxia and arrhythmias. Preoperative and
postoperative treatments include calcium channel blockers, prostanoids,
endothelin receptor antagonists and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5.
Preoperative preparation of patients with hyperparathyroidism as comorbidity
Authors: Zivaljevic Vladan , Kalezic Nevena , Jovanovic Dijana , Sabljak Vera , Diklic Aleksandar , Paunovic Ivan
Published: July 2011

Preoperative preparation of patients with hyperparathyroidism planned to be
operated and/or already operated because of some other disease have specific
characteristics in function of the type of hyperparathyroidism, primary or
secondary. In primary hyperparathyroidism, repercussions of pronounced
hypercalcemia on organs and systems are of essential importance. The most
important aspect of preoperative preparation of these patients is therefore
the treatment of hypercalcemia. In patients with secondary
hyperparathyroidism as comorbidity, calcium level is of lesser importance
since it stays mostly within reference values. Essential for perioperative
preparation of these patients is the fact that they have chronic renal
insufficiency and usually are on extrarenal depuration, so that uremic toxic
disorders important for the perioperative course should be taken into
account. Disorders caused by primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism (and
terminal chronic renal insufficiency) must be brough to so-called "stable
state" in elective surgical interventions. Preoperative preparation in urgent
surgical interventions is focused only on vitally endangering consequences of
hyperparathyroidism such as hypercalcemic crisis or extreme hyperkalemia.
Preoperative preparation for patients with nutritional disorders
Authors: Palibrk Ivan , Velickovic Jelena , Pantic-Palibrk Vesna , Arsenijevic Vladimir , Tanovic Biljana , Ugrinovic Djordje
Published: July 2011

Eating disorders are very common today. An increasing number of patients that
undergo anesthesia and surgery have some nutritional disorder. These
disorders are very versatile starting from obesity to anorexia. Significant
changes in all organ systems are present. These pathophysiological changes
are increased with the duration of the disease. There are many changes in the
functioning of the cardiovascular system in all these diseases and there are
significant. Respiratory and ventilatory functions are changed too. There are
also many endocrine disorders. As a final result, there are many serious
biochemical and coagulation disorders. These patients are often under some
drug treatment. Patients could be under psychiatric therapy (psychiatric
drugs) and/or could take drugs for relieving symptoms related to the
pathophysiological changes in different organ systems. Preoperative
preparation of patients must be detailed. All changes must be improved to
optimal condition. In addition, it is necessary to think about the possible
influence of used drugs on the anesthesia.
Preoperative evaluation of patients with history of allergy
Authors: Velickovic Jelena , Ladjevic Nebojsa , Milakovic Branko , Likic-Ladjevic Ivana , Ugrinovic Djordje , Kalezic Nevena
Published: July 2011

The prevalence of allergic reactions in general population shows a constant
rise. It has been estimated that up to 40% of surgical patients have a
positive history of some kind of allergy. These patients represent a
challenge during perioperative evaluation, since they can be exposed to a
large variety of drugs and substances during surgery and anesthesia. A lot of
adverse drug reactions show similar clinical presentation with allergic
reactions. The latter are usually poorly explored since preoperative
allergology testing is performed in a limited number of patients. Management
of patients with history of allergy is impeded by the fact that most of
allergens cross-react in a manner that is not always easy to predict.
Allergies can manifest themselves with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms,
ranging from mild skin symptoms such as itch and urticaria, to a
life-threatening anaphylactic reactions followed by hypotension, bronchospasm
and cardiovascular collapse. Prevention of allergic reactions during
perioperative period requires detailed history taking in order to identify
patients at risk, optimization of anesthesia strategy, pharmacological
premedication and further allergology diagnostic work-up in selected cases.
The evaluation of breeding value of simmental bulls for milk performance in Serbia
Authors: Pantelic V. , Plavsic M. , Trivunovic S. , Aleksic S. , Sretenovic Lj. , Ostojic-Andric D. , Niksic D.
Published: July 2011

The basis for selection work is knowledge of the quality of bull sires used
for conception, as well as how the major traits are passed on to the progeny.
BLUP method (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) is the basis of the most
favourable solution for evaluation of additive gene value in cattle
production, and it is implemented in various variants depending on the
structure of data used. This research included 2.121 Simmental first cavers
under control, with lactations completed within one year. All first calvers
were located on holdings of individual agricultural producers on the
territory of the Republic of Serbia. Evaluation of the bull breeding value
for lactation duration, milk production, milk fat yield, yield of 4% FCM and
percentage of milk fat, was carried out by using the mixed model (BLUP), the
calculation included random effect of bull sire and fixed effect of the
region, year and season of calving. In this study, bull sires which had in
two or three regions over 20 daughters - first calvers of Simmental breed.
Number of first calving heifers ranged from 22 to 215 animals per bull sire.
By using BLUP method in evaluation of breeding value of bulls in terms of
yield of milk, milk fat, content of milk fat and 4% FCMI and by ranking,
results were obtained showing superiority and inferiority of breeding males.
Efficiency of bovine IGF-i gene in the improvement of milk productivity using marker-assisted selection (MAS)
Authors: Abdel-Rahman S.M. , Hemeda S.A. , Fouda M.M. , Ateya A.I.
Published: July 2011

Because of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene plays an important
regulatory function in milk secretion in cattle, IGF1 gene is potential
quantitative trait locus and genetic marker (i.e, SNP) associated with milk
production trait in cattle. Consequently, marker-assisted selection (MAS)
will be useful to increase and accelerate the rate of genetic improvement on
milk productivity. In this study, 48 female Holstein cattle reared under
Egyptian conditions were selected based on their milk productivity and DNA
from blood was extracted to amplify 249-bp of the gene encoding IGF-I.
According to the breeding value, PCR products of IGF-I gene (249-bp) were
sequenced only in the 15 highest and lowest milk productivity animals
(GenBank accession numbers from gb|HQ183710| to gb|HQ183724|, sequentially).
The result indicated that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP?s) at two
different positions were observed in one of the highest milk productivity
animals. Where, all 15 animals have adenine (A) and cytosine (C) bases at the
positions 33 and 63, respectively, except, one animal (GenBank Acc. No.
gb|HQ183711|) has thymine (T) and guanine (G) bases at the same positions (33
and 63, respectively). Thus, this finding can be used as marker-assisted
selection (MAS) for high milk productivity in Holstein cattle.
Correlation between body measurements and milk production of goats in different lactations
Authors: Zujovic M. , Memisi N. , Bogdanovic V. , Tomic Z.
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the results of the variability and correlation of body
measurements and milk production of domestic Balkan goat breed that is reared
in the mountain range Sharplanina, depending on the lactation. Studied
animals were monitored and lactation, or order of kidding (I, II, III and IV
and the next lactation together). Control of milk production, included a
total of 290 goats in different lactations (first-81 animals, the second-69
heads, 71 heads third-and fourth and following along latkacije-69 heads). In
order to determine the measure of body development in adult goats, one takes
values for height at withers, body length, chest depth, chest width, the
width of the cross and body weight. The variability of the analyzed
characteristics is presented descriptive parameters and the effect of
lactation is determined by a factorial analysis of variance. The determined
average values for milk production and measures of body development are
located within those identified for this population of goats. During these
tests showed statistically significant correlation dependence (P <0.05)
between all studied variables, except when it comes to length lactation
period and individual measures of body development. The correlation
coefficient between length of lactation and established measures of body
development. are low and reflect the existence uncorrelation dependence, and
their values range from 0.08 to 0.11, while they were unjustified and
statistically (P> 0.05).
Determination of lead, cadmium and zinc applying the stripping analysis on biomass of natural grasslands
Authors: Babincev Lj.M. , Rajakovic Lj.V. , Budimir M.V. , Sredovic I.
Published: July 2011

This study is focused on mechanisms of voltammperometric determination of
lead, cadmium and zinc in the natural grassland biomass in territory of
northern Kosovo, applying the Stripping analysis. Two types of determinations
have been researched: individual and simultaneous research of all three
metals. The preliminary researches had been conducted prior determinations on
real samples defining the determination conditions: extraction potential,
value of analyzed pH solution, metal extraction time, time for creating of
working electrode, as well as solution mixing velocity. It was found that,
with accuracy of ?2%, determinations were done for 22-900 ?g dm-3 of lead,
16-960 ?g dm-3 of cadmium and 18-750 ?g dm-3 of zinc. The simultaneous metal
determinations had less accurate results for lead and cadmium, whereas they
ranged within accuracy limits for zinc. Heavy metal determination in biomass
indicated existence of lead, cadmium and zinc in natural grasslands in
northern parts of Kosovo and Metohija.
The correlation between hygienic parameters of milk and weight loss of semihard cheese
Authors: Bojanic-Rasovic M. , Mirecki S. , Nikolic N. , Katic V. , Rasovic R.
Published: July 2011

The purpose of the paper was to examine weight loss and correlation between
total bacteria count and the somatic cells count and weight loss of semihard
naturally dried cheese, product of dairy plant ZZ?Cijevna? in Podgorica.
Weigt loss was calculated on the base of difference in mass of cheese at the
beginning of ripening and after specified period of ripening, exposed in
percents. Examination of weight loss was done on total six product series of
cheese during 60 days of ripening on temperature 14,20C and RH of 89%.
Obtained average values for weight loss of cheese were: after 10 days 4.723%,
20 days 8.789% and after 30 days of ripening 11.020%. Weight loss of cheese
in period of ripening 10-20 days was 4.266%, in period 20-30 days 2,445% and
in period of ripening 30-60 days 5.507%. The total bacteria count in milk was
determined on apparatus BactoScan FC 100 and the somatic cells count on
apparatus Fossomatic 5000. The middle positive correlation between somatic
cells count in milk and weight loss of cheese in period 1-10 days of ripening
(0.69156), as well as middle positive correlation (0.767336) between total
bacteria count and weight loss of cheese 1-10 days of ripening were
determined. The obtained results show that weight loss of cheese was highest
in period 1-10 days of ripening and that there is significant influence of
hygienic quality of milk on weight loss of cheese and economy of production.
Physiological aspects of behaviour of sows and piglets during the lactation period
Authors: Joksimovic-Todorovic M. , Davidovic V. , Zivkovic B.
Published: July 2011

Maternal ability represents complex interactions between different forms of
behaviour and physiological characteristics. Behaviour and metabolic
processes are partly under the control of endocrine and nervous systems. Sows
are different from other mammals, in that sows bear a large number mature
baby, capable immediately to suckling. Post partum anabolic processes become
catabolic, giving priority to dairy gland in relation to other tissues.
Maximum secretated milk takes place between 2. and 3. week. Sows lost in body
mass and it is appeared the change in value of some bloods parameters.
Haemotologic analyses have suggested the increase in total number of
leukocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes and the decrease in the number of
lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils on the first day postpartum. In the
third and fourth week of lactation a statistically significant fall in the
number of leukocytes and granulocytes in relation to the first day was
observed, along with a significant increase in limphocytes, monocytes and
eosinophils. Erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit
value decreased during the lactation period. Level of glucose in plasma is
low (it is decreasing for more than 50%), while the level of urea is high,
due to huge proteins available. It can also be noticed that there is a high
mobilisation of body fat an increasing level of NEFA (non-esterified fatty
acid). Secretion of milk is under control prolactin and oxytocin. Oxytocin
affects on maternal behaviour and prolactin is linked with timing of suck.
Impact of oxygen toxic action on the erythrocyte membrane and possibility of estimating central nervous system function disturbances
Authors: Belic Branislava , Cincovic Marko
Published: July 2011

Background/Aim. Prolonged exposure to hyperbaric oxygen leads to changes of
erythrocytes shape as a consequence of toxic effects of oxygen on the
erythrocyte membrane. The aim of this study was to examine the association
between occurance of pathological forms of erythrocytes at different time
from the start of hyperbaric oxygenation and the moment of convulsions
occurrence, an interrelationship of different pathological forms of
erythrocytes during exposure to hyperbaric oxygenation, as well as the
correlation between the presence of ruptured erythrocytes and function of
central nervous system (CNS) after completion of hyperbaric treatment.
Methods. Sixty laboratory mice, Mus musculus, were exposed to the
wholly-oxygen pressure of 3.5 absolute atmospheres (ATA). Blood was collected
at the 32nd, 34th, 36th, 38th and 40th minutes after the exposure to oxygen.
Pathological forms of erythrocytes were examined by electron microscopy. A
moment of convulsions occurrence was registered in all animals. After
decompression neurological examinations of experimental animals were
perfomed. The Pearson's coefficient of correlation, and linear regression
equations for the parameters outlined in the aim of the study were
calculated. Results. Hyperbaric oxygen caused damages of erythrocytes at the
34th minute after beginning of the treatment. Various forms of abnormal red
blood cells occured, and immediately before the occurrence of irreversible
changes (erythrocyte membrane rupture) echinocyte shape was dominated. A
significant correlation between the number of damaged red blood cells at 34th
minute and their number at the 36th, 38th and 40th minute was found.
Convulsions were diagnosed significantly earlier in mice with a greater
number of damaged red blood cells (p < 0.01). There was a negative
correlation between the number of irreversiblly damaged red blood cells
(ruptured) at the 40th minute and neurological score in the studied animals
(p < 0.05). Conclusion. The analysis of altered erythrocytes during
hyperbaric oxygenation could predict a moment of seizures occurrence, and
therefore the duration of the therapy with hyperbaric oxygen. Ehinocytes
indicate impending rupture of red blood cells and a possible occurrence of
seizures. An increased number of ruptured red blood cells may also even
indicate the potential burden of CNS after cessation of hyperbaric
oxygenation.
Ambient temperature impact on hepatocellular liver damage in rats following intake of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Authors: Marinkovic Nadica , Malicevic Zivorad , Dimitrijevic Jovan
Published: July 2011

Bacground/Aim. 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is a
psycho-stimulating agent. It is usualy taken orally in the form of tablets.
It is absorbed throught the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. Hyperthermia is
the most prominent clinical sign of MDMA intake. The most prominent forensic
finding of lethal MDMA poisoning is myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular
bleeding. However, liver and kidney damage: have also been described. The aim
of this research was to determine if ambient temperatures affect liver damage
in the experimental rats. Methods. The experiment was conducted for 8 h and
24 h, at temperatures of 12?C, 22?C and 32?C. Both biochemical parameters
(ALT, AST, AP, gamma GT and LDH) and pathohistological changes of the liver
were monitored. Results. Our reserch demonstrated that the most serious lever
damage occurred at 32?C. Liver damage was manifested as portal inflammation,
periportal necrosis, lobular necrosis, stasis, intralobular hemorrhage and
incerease of liver enzymes serum activity. Conclusion. Liver damage after
MDMA intake rises with the increase of ambient temperature, and it is most
pronounced at the temperature of 32?C.
Expression of regulatory proteins and proliferative activity in relation to phenotypic characteristics of upper urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Dolicanin Zana , Jankovic-Velickovic Ljubinka , Djordjevic Biljana , Visnjic Milan , Pesic Ivana , Ristic Ana , Marjanovic Vesna
Published: July 2011

Background/Aim. Deregulation of the normal cell cycle is common in upper
urothelial carcinoma (UUC). The aim of this study was to investigate the
expression of regulatory proteins of the cell cycle (p53, p16, cyclin D1,
HER-2) and proliferative Ki-67 activity in UUC, and to determine their
interaction and influence on the phenotypic characteristics of UUC. Methods.
In 44 patients with UUC, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses
(p53, p16, cyclin D1, HER-2, and Ki-67) of tumors were done. Results.
Overexpression/ altered expression of p53, p16, cyclin D1 or HER-2 was
detected in 20%, 57%, 64%, and 57% of tumors, respectively. Eleven (25%) UUC
had a high proliferative Ki-67 index. Forty patients (91%) had at least one
marker altered, while four (9%) tumors had a wild-type status. Analysis of
relationship between expressions of molecular markers showed that only high
expression of p53 was significantly associated with altered p16 activity (p <
0.05). High Ki-67 index was associated with the high stage (p < 0.005), solid
growth (p < 0.01), high grade (p < 0.05), and multifocality p < 0.05) of UUC,
while high expression of p53 was associated with the solid growth (p < 0.05).
In regression models that included all molecular markers and phenotypic
characteristics, only Ki-67 correlated with the growth (p < 0.0001), stage (p
< 0.01), grade (p < 0.05) and multifocality (p < 0.05) of UUC; Ki-67 and
HER-2 expression correlated with the lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. This investigation showed that only negative regulatory proteins
of the cell cycle, p53 and p16, were significantly associated in UUC, while
proliferative marker Ki-67 was in relation to the key phenotypic
characteristics of UUC in the best way.