bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antigenic Relationships Among Adenoviruses with Appraisal of Reliability of Complement-Fixation Test for Typing Isolates
Authors: Binn L. N. , Hilleman M. R. , Rodriguez J. E. , Glabere R. R.
Published: January 2023

Strains of type 3, 4 and 7 adenoviruses of widely separated temporal and geographic origin were found to be remarkably homogeneous antigenically within types in serum neutralization and complement-fixation (CF) tests with monotypic rabbit antisera. Antigenic similarity of type 7 adenoviruses was also shown in neutralization tests with paired sera from human volunteers who received monovalent type 7 adenovirus vaccine. Only minor antigenic difference between prototype 7 and 7a viruses was noted and this appeared so slight as to offer little support for the establishment of a type 7a subgroup at this time. Minor antigenic crossing between types was encountered infrequently in the neutralization tests and commonly in the CF tests. There was, however, but little crossing between types 3, 4 and 7 viruses, which are important in epidemic acute respiratory illness, and this caused no difficulty in proper differentiation of types by the CF technique. There was complete agreement between the CF and serum neutralization findings in the typing of 194 newly recovered type 2, 3, 4 or 7 adenoviruses. A procedure for routine typing of type 3, 4 and 7 adenovirus isolates is presented. There is need for further study to develop and evaluate the CF procedure for typing the remaining adenoviruses.
The Production of Precipitating Antibody in Chickens to a Substance Present in the Fluids of Nonsecretors of Blood Groups A, B and O
Authors: Baer Harold , Naylor Ingeborg , Gibbel Natalie , Rosenfield Richard E.
Published: January 2023

Substances have been isolated from the ovarian cyst of a woman of blood group A who is a nonsecretor of A substance, and from the saliva of a man of group B who is a nonsecretor of B substance. Injection of these materials into chickens resulted in the production of precipitating antibody. The antisera exhibited a specificity for the secretions and derivative substances of A, B and O nonsecretors; there was good correlation between Lea activity of the sample and its ability to precipitate the chicken antisera. It has not, however, proven possible to demonstrate experimentally prepared specific agglutinins for Le(a+) red cells nor can such cells absorb the precipitins from the chicken sera.
The Demonstration of a Common Antigen in Reiter's Treponeme and Virulent Treponema Pallidum
Authors: Cannefax George R. , Garson Warfield
Published: January 2023

Antibody produced by Reiter protein has been demonstrated to be reactive to Reiter protein and to protein of virulent T. pallidum obtained by the same antigen fractionation methods. Reiter protein did not produce antibodies detectable with the TPCF and VDRL tests. The TPCP test is preliminarily described.

Adsorption of serum with protein antigen of virulent T. pallidum removed reactivity to both TPCP and RPCF tests, but not the reactivity of the TPCF and VDRL tests.

These findings, by demonstrating a serologic kinship of a protein moiety of virulent and avirulent treponemes, strengthen the position of test specificity of the RPCF test in the serology of syphilis.

This demonstration of a serologic and immunologic kinship between virulent T. pallidum and avirulent Reiter treponemes, plus the ease and inexpensiveness of production of RPCF antigen, provides justification for further research into the clinical and epidemiologic usefulness of the RPCF test in the diagnosis and control of syphilis.
The Similar Specificity of the Combining Sites of an Individual Antibody Molecule
Authors: Nisonoff Alfred , Winkler Marvin H. , Pressman David
Published: January 2023

Antiserum prepared in rabbits against bovine-γ-globulin (BGG) to which p-azobenzoate groups were coupled contained precipitins directed against BGG and against the haptenic group. Treatment of a γ-globulin fraction of the antiserum with an excess of a solid adsorbent capable of removing antibody with anti-BGG combining sites did not decrease the number of antihapten sites. The failure to remove antihapten activity was shown by direct binding measurements with labelled p-iodobenzoate.

It is concluded that essentially none of the antihapten combining sites are on molecules having an anti-BGG site; i.e., that heteroligating antibody is absent. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the mechanism of antibody formation.
A Study of Relapse Plasmodium Berghei Infections Isolated from White Mice
Authors: Cox Herbert W.
Published: January 2023

The course of Plasmodium berghei isolated from mice with relapse was compared to the course of the stock infection in mice with induced latent P. berghei. In each of three experiments there were more patent infections and more deaths among mice after challenge with relapse P. berghei than there were after challenge with the stock infection, or than there were among unchallenged latent infection control mice. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that this difference in mortality was statistically significant and that there was no significant difference in the mortality of mice challenged with stock infection and latent infection control mice.

Since none of the three relapse infections used were more lethal for normal mice than was the stock infection, it is indicated that an increase in virulence of P. berghei was not associated with relapse.

It is suggested that biologic variation and the selective influence of the latent, or immune state resulted in the appearance of variants that could thrive in the immune host. It is suggested that such variants might be responsible for relapses and that the transfer of the variants to new immune hosts results in more patent infections and more deaths than did reinfections with stock P. berghei.

It is also suggested that the observed trait of relapse P. berghei is relatively stable since one of the relapse infections was passed 24 times in normal mice before it was used in an experiment.
The Competitive Effect of Normal Serum Proteins from Various Animal Species on Antibody Fixation in Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Biozzi Guido , Halpern Bernard N. , Binaghi Rubén
Published: January 2023

A study has been made of the effect of rabbit serum albumin and serum globulins from the rabbit, guinea pig, rat, horse and man on the anaphylactic sensitization of guinea pig skin by rabbit antibody.

With rabbit serum globulin a constant relationship was found between the amount of globulin added and the quantity of antibody fixation which was inhibited.

The serum globulin from the guinea pig, rat and man also showed an inhibitory action which was proportional to their concentration. However, a fixed relationship between concentration of globulin and inhibition of antibody fixation was not found. Horse serum globulin and rabbit serum albumin were without effect.

The mechanism of these phenomena are discussed.
Studies on Cytotropism in Animal Viruses
Authors: Stewart Robert B. , Morgan Herbert R.
Published: January 2023

Growth of influenza type A (strain PR8) was obtained in tissue cultures of liver and lung cells from chick embryos varying from 11–19 days of embryologic development, as well as in cultures of lung cells from chick embryos that were within a few hours of hatching. Although virus multiplication was found in tissue cultures of lung cells from hatched chicks, the levels reached were not as high as in similar embryo lung cultures. Virus growth occurred at both 37 and 41°C in embryo lung cultures but only at 37°C in cultures of lung cells of hatched chicks. It is suggested that the differences in virus growth obtained in these two systems are due to the dissimilarity in cell types predominating in the cultures—epithelial cells in the embryo lung cultures and fibroblast cells in the cultures of hatched chick lung cells.
Sa Virus—A New Member of the Myxovirus Group
Authors: Schultz Edwin W. , Habel Karl
Published: January 2023

Isolation of a virus pathogenic for hamsters by the intracerebral (IC) route is described and the virus designated the SA virus. Evidence is presented to indicate this virus is a new member of the myxovirus group. Evidence that this virus is capable of infecting man is reviewed. No direct evidence is as yet available to indicate that this virus is capable of causing human disease.
Studies on the Combining Site of Anti-p-Azobenzoate Antibody
Authors: Nisonoff Alfred , Pressman David
Published: January 2023

The effect of acetylation on the combining region of specifically purified anti-p-azobenzoate antibody was investigated by measuring the binding of hapten by antibody—a method which provides direct information as to the number of combining sites remaining. The use of small amounts of reagent resulted in loss of precipitating activity without a parallel decrease in binding capacity, indicating that most or all of the resulting nonprecipitating antibodies were still bivalent. The sma results were obtained for the binding of radioactive p-iodobenzoate or p-(p-hydroxyphenylaxo)-benzoate. The failure to precipitate is attributed to electrostaci repulsion arising from the increased negative charge of the acetylated antibody.

The use of considerably larger amounts of acetic anhydride brought about a loss of binding, as well as precipitating acitvity. This loss was prevented by the presence of homologous hapten, demonstrating that the reagent attacks the combining region of the antibody. The loss of precipitating activity, however, awas not prevented by hapten, in accord with the posulate that the loss of precipitating and binding capacities occur through different mechanisms.

Even in the absence of hapten, over 90% of the amino groups of the molecule could be acetylated without much loss of binding capacity. This suggests either that a group in th combining region toher than an amino group is attacked by acetic anhydride at neutral pH; or if an amino groups is involved it is exceptionally unreactive.
Hemagglutination Test in Tularemia
Authors: Charkes N. David
Published: January 2023

Agglutinin and hemagglutinin titers were determined in 59 cases of laboratory-acquired tularemia occurring in 56 cases of laboraotry-acquired tularemia occurring in 56 vaccinated persons. A 4-fold rise in agglutinins was observed, on the average, on the 19th day of illness and the mean peak titer of 1:1280 sometime during the second or third month. Thereafter, agglutinins fell slowly and were detectable as long as 12 years after infection, closely paralleling the response seen in naturally-occurring tularemia.

Hemagglutinins reached diagnostic levels on the 11th day, on the average, and the mean peak titer of 1:10,240 occurred during the second month. Hemagglutinins also persisted in the serum for years, at somewhat higher levels than agglutinins.

By the end of the second week of illness, 38% of patients had 4-fold or greater increases in hemagglutinin titer, but only 15% had had a diagnostic rise in agglutinins.

In 26 cases, sera were collected frequently during the acute phase of illness. In 14, a diagnostic level of hemagglutinins occurred earlier, and in the other 12 4-fold increases of both antibodies occurred at the same time. In no case did agglutinins rise earlier.

In eight patients there was no change in antibody titer during the course of illness. This was possibly due to prior elevation from booster vaccination within 6 weeks of onset of disease, or reinfection (proved or probable). In one case there was a rise in hemagglutinins although agglutinins did not change.
Localization Properties of Radioiodinated Fragments of Antirat Kidney Antibody
Authors: Stelos Peter , Yagi Yasuo , Pressman David
Published: January 2023

Rabbit antibodies against rat kidney were digested by papain and the fragments were trace labeled with radioiodine and studied with respect to their in vivo localizing and in vitro adsorption properties. γ-Globulin fragments from normal rabbit and rabbit anti-beef γ-globulin sera were used as controls. The kidney-localizing activity was found in fragments I and II of antirat kidney γ-globulin. The fixation of fragments in the kidney, however, was of short duration compared with that of the intact antibody. The adsorption of fragments with kidney sediment also indicated the presence of antibody activity in fragments I and II.
The Interaction Between Bovine Ribonuclease and Antibody: A Study of the Mechanism of Enzyme Inhibition by Antibody
Authors: Branster M. , Cinader B.
Published: January 2023

It has been shown that the inhibitory capacity of antibody obtained in the course of immunization, first subcutaneously in adjuvant and then by repeated intravenous injections, varies in the course of immunization and that there is a progression towards completely inhibitory antibody.

The degree of inhibition exercised for a given antibody varies with the sequence of molecular weights of products; thus the inhibitory capacity is greatest in the reaction of enzyme on nucleic acid, is smallest in the inhibition of the formation of 3′ cytidylic acid, and is intermediate with respect to the formation of cyclic dicytidylic acid. The effect of antibody is identical in the inhibition of two very different reactions, resultng in the formation of products of similar molecular weight, 3′ cytidylic acid and the methyl ester of 3′ cytidylic acid. The above observations are best explained by the assumption that the inhibitory capacity of antibody depends on a mechanism of steric hindrance.
Proposed Potency Testing of Smallpox Vaccine
Authors: Cabasso V. J. , Moore I. F. , Stebbins M. R.
Published: January 2023

Summary and Conclusions

From the results of the studies described here, it is obvious that immediate application of titration in rabbit kidney tissue culture is a valid measure of smallpox vaccine potency only for the virus strain and passage levels employed. Some other variant of the virus could conceivably have an adequate tissue culture titer but a poor “take” rate in human beings. However, after establishing its correlation to the “take” rate in both man and rabbits, titration can be applied to any strain.

In our study, four lots of smallpox vaccine of calf lymph origin and seven of chick embryo origin were tested for potency by the standard rabbit scarification method and by titration in rabbit kidney tissue cultures and in chick embryos (LD50 method). With the virus and seed passage level used, all three methods detected the one vaccine lot below standard potency. Good agreement of results obtained for all lots indicates that either titration method could advantageously replace rabbit scarification as a test of smallpox vaccine potency.
On the Biochemical index of Various Races in the East Indian Archipelago
Authors: Bais W. J. , Verhoef A. W.
Published: January 2023

In volume VIII of this Journal two articles appeared, which have a bearing upon the subject of the occurrence of the four generally recognized blood groups among different races. In view of the desirability to publish in one periodical work on one particular subject, it is our intention to present in a concise way the results which we obtained by study, along the lines laid down by the Hirszfelds, of a few races, living together on the East Coast of Sumatra (Dutch East Indies).

As far as concerns the theoretical basis upon which these studies are founded and previous literature on this subject we might refer to the papers of Fukamachi (1) and of Coca and Deibert (2) in this Journal.
A Study of the Sera of Rabbits Immunized Against Globulins from Human Sera
Authors: Dulaney Anna Dean , Jennett James Harvey
Published: January 2023

A study of globulins precipitated from human sera was recently made in this laboratory. During that time 2 rabbits were given 3 injections of the resuspended globulins at intervals of four days each.

Complement fixation tests two days after the last injection showed complete inhibition of hemolysis in the serum control tubes. Since the sera of these rabbits had been carefully tested previous to immunization and had shown no inhibition of complementary activity either with several antigens or in the control tubes, these results were regarded with interest.

Repeated complement fixation tests proved that the rabbits retained this property for about ten days after the last injection of globulin when it could no longer be demonstrated and the serum control tubes were completely hemolysed.

Several explanations of these phenomena suggested themselves.
Adoptive Transfer of Immunologically Competent Cells
Authors: Santos George W.
Published: January 2023

Adoptive transfer of a primary agglutinin response to sheep erythrocytes by spleen cells given to cyclophosphamide pretreated mice was studied. Various syngeneic, parent-to-hybrid and allogeneic donor-host combinations were investigated.

A linear log2 relationship between the agglutinin titer measured 5 days after transfer and the dose of nucleated cells injected existed for all the combinations studied. The slopes of the regression lines obtained with the various donor-host combinations were independent of the type of transfer, but the altitudes differed. In general, the magnitude of the agglutinin response was greater in allogeneic or parent-to-hybrid transfers than in the two possible syngeneic transfers represented by each donor-host pair.

Possible reasons for this “allogeneic enhancement” are considered.
Antibody Synthesis at the Cellular Level: Some Studies on Natural Anti-Sheep Red Cell Antibodies in the Mouse
Authors: Wigzell Hans
Published: January 2023

The naturally occurring hemolytic plaque-forming cells (N-PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are found in several lymphoid organs of adult mice, with the majority being found in the spleen. Only N-PFC of 19S type were found which behaved like the 19S PFC arising after immunization in all systems tested except one: the N-PFC were found to be completely refractory to inhibition by passively administered anti-SRBC antibodies. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Blood Clearance of Enteroviruses in the Normal and Immune Rat
Authors: Schultz Irwin
Published: January 2023

The clearance of poliovirus, Types I, II and III, Coxsackie B 1 through 6 and A 9 virus was studied in normal and immune rats. Normal rats reduced the titer of injected virus from that in the inoculum by approximately 1.66 log10 at 1 hr. This value was referred to as the clearance index. The clearance index at 4 days after virus injection increased to more than 5 log10 and this acceleration of clearance could be detected as long as 8 months after a single virus injection, or after immunization with formalinized poliovirus vaccine. Prior injection of poliovirus Type I was followed by accelerated clearance of Type II at 1 week but not at 1 month after the first injection. The reciprocal reaction was also observed. No enhancement of clearance was noted with prior exposure to any or all of the Coxsackie B or A 9 viruses. Virus mixed with immune serum was cleared more rapidly in normal rats which then failed to develop their own capacity for increased clearance.
Hemolytic Activity of Lipoprotein-Depleted Serum and the Effect of Certain Anions on Complement
Authors: Dalmasso Agustin P. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J.
Published: January 2023

To study the role of serum lipoproteins in immune hemolysis, human serum was depleted of lipoproteins by centrifugation at a density of 1.21. The density was raised to this value by addition of NaBr. Treatment of serum with high concentrations of NaBr, KI or KSCN was found to inactivate C′3, C′4 and C′5. The same salts produced inactivation and changes in the physicochemical properties of purified C′3, C′4 and C′5. Lipoprotein-depleted serum was fully active in immune hemolysis after addition of purified C′3, C′4 and C′5. No lipid could be detected in the purified components. It is concluded that serum lipoproteins are not required for immune hemolysis by human complement.
In vitro Transfer of Immunity by Ribosomes
Authors: Gerughty R. M. , Rosenau W. , Moon H. D.
Published: January 2023

These studies were concerned with the transfer of immunologic activity to lymphoid cells of non-sensitized mice by incubation with ribosomal preparations obtained from splenic tissue of sensitized animals.

BALB/c mice were sensitized against homologous cells of C3H mouse origin. Splenic lymphoid cells of these mice were able to lyse C3H mouse cells in tissue culture. Ribosomes obtained from aliquots of the same spleens were incubated in vitro with lymphoid cells of nonsensitized BALB/c mice. After incubation with ribosomes, the lymphoid cells acquired the capacity to lyse C3H target cells in vitro. The ability of the ribosomal preparation to transfer cytolytic activity was removed by prior treatment with ribonuclease. The ribosomal preparation had no direct lytic effect on the homologous target cells, but required incubation with viable lymphoid cells to demonstrate this effect. The antigenic dose level and the time between antigenic stimulus and harvesting of splenic tissue were examined with regard to the ability of the ribosomes to transfer cytolytic activity. Comparison of the cytolytic activity of lymphoid cells of sensitized animals with that of the in vitro “transformed” lymphoid cells revealed differences in both the rate and degree of the reaction.
C′1 Fixation by Human Isoagglutinins: Fixation of C′1 by γG and γM but Not by γA Antibody
Authors: Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige , Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert
Published: January 2023

The C′1-fixing activity of human anti-A antibodies associated with three different immunoglobulins was studied 1) by measuring the amount of free C′1 left after the incubation of whole serum with red cell-antibody complexes and 2) by C′1a fixation and transfer test. The results indicated that both polymer and monomer forms of γA-globulin antibody were incapable of fixing C′1 with the antigen. In the C′1a transfer test, it was found that the number of C′1a-fixing sites per cell was equal to the number of γM antibody molecules combined to the cell, indicating that each γM antibody molecule on a cell surface is capable of binding one molecule of C′1a, whereas at least two molecules of γG antibody are required to generate a site capable of binding a molecule of C′1a.
The Immune Response to Human γG-Immunoglobulin in Rabbits Unresponsive to Fc Fragment and H Chain Protein
Authors: Spiegelberg Hans L. , Weigle William O.
Published: January 2023

Adult rabbits were injected intravenously with small amounts of H chain protein obtained from patients with H chain disease and with ultracentrifuged Fc fragment of human γG. Most of the rabbits failed to respond to intravenous injection of either H chain protein or Fc fragment and were rendered unresponsive to these γG subunits as evidenced by a lack of an immune response to a subsequent injection of the subunits incorporated into incomplete adjuvant. When these unresponsive rabbits were injected with intact γG, they remained unresponsive to H chain protein and Fc fragment and formed large quantities of antibodies reacting with antigenic determinants on the Fab fragment. The difference between the persistence of unresponsiveness to the γG subunits and the termination of unresponsiveness observed in rabbits unresponsive to serum protein antigens and injected with cross-reacting serum protein antigens is discussed.

Quantitative analyses of the amount of precipitating antibodies to γG, F(ab')2 fragment and Fab fragment in antisera obtained from rabbits unresponsive to Fc fragment and H chain protein and injected with γG demonstrated that smaller amounts of antibodies are precipitated with F(ab')2 fragment and Fab fragment than with intact γG. The failure of the F(ab')2 and Fab fragment to be completely precipitated is apparently the result of the formation of soluble complexes between the antibody and the relatively small subunits.
Immunochemical Properties of Fc Fragment of Rabbit γG-Globulin
Authors: Amiraian Kenneth , Duchna Lillian , Purcell James
Published: January 2023

Various fractions comprising Fc fragment appear to be similar in their reactivity to horse and goat anti-rabbit γG-globulin serum, as determined by immunodiffusion and quantitative immunoprecipitation techniques. These fractions show marked differences in their anti-complementary properties. These results indicate that the anti-complementary site of Fc fragment may be different from its major antigenic determinant.
The Direct Reaction Between Salmonella Enteritidis Endotoxin and Antibody
Authors: Gupta Jiban D. , Reed Charles E.
Published: January 2023

Two preparations of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin have been labeled with Cr51 and I125. Using Farr's procedure of precipitation of antibody-bound antigen by ammonium sulfate, the direct reaction between endotoxin and antibody has been studied. I125 labeling gave a product with greater specific activity and antibody binding. The binding of the labeled antigen by immune antibody was inhibited chiefly by Salmonella antigens of the same O antigenic specificity as S. enteritidis. Small amounts of what appeared to be “natural” 7S as well as 19S antibody were found in the serum of non-immunized persons and rabbits. This antibody was of broad specificity, cross-reacting with many Gram-negative and other antigens. The antibody of a rabbit made tolerant to the febrile effect of endotoxin was largely 19S, and of a rabbit immunized with whole organisms largely 7S. The serum of the tolerant rabbit protected mice from the lethal action of endotoxin, while the serum of the immune rabbit passively sensitized them.
Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in C′6-Deficient Rabbits
Authors: Rother Klaus , Rother Ursula , Vassalli Pierre , McCluskey Robert T.
Published: January 2023

Rabbits with a hereditary absence of a component activity of complement, C′6, were injected with nephrotoxic sheep serum in amounts which produced only the second phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis and were found to develop disease of equal severity to that which developed in control animals. Similar results were obtained in defective rabbits which possessed circulating anti-C′6 antibodies or with the use of a γ-globulin fraction of nephrotoxic serum devoid of C′6 activity, thus eliminating the possibility that the results were due to trace amounts of C′6.
Antibody Content of Single Antibody-Forming Cells
Authors: Horibata Kengo , Uhr Jonathan W.
Published: January 2023

The antibody content of individual antibody-forming cells obtained from rats immunized to Salmonella flagella was studied. Antibody-forming cells from the popliteal lymph nodes were identified by the capacity of the cells to specifically adhere motile bacteria that share antigens with the flagella used for immunization. In rats immunized with flagella alone, adherence-positive cells obtained 1 week after immunization contained relatively large amounts of antibody. In immunized rats that also received specific antiserum 1 day later, adherence-positive cells obtained 1 week after immunization did not contain detectable antibody. The possible mechanisms by which passive antibody can effect the antibody content of antibody-forming cells that appear after immunization are discussed.
A case of fatal hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in a patient with end-stage Multiple Myeloma treated with daratumumab
Authors: Passucci Mauro , Fazio Francesca , Petrucci Maria Teresa
Published: January 2023

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Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans septic shock in an immunocompetent male following canine otitis externa
Authors: Nguyen Andrew D. K. , Moran Deborah , Eland Carole-Lynn , Wilks Kathryn
Published: January 2023

Staphylococcus schleiferi bacteremia is an underappreciated cause of septic shock in the critical care department. Although nominally a coagulase variable Staphylococcus and associated with otitis externa infections in canine species, it has been associated with the metastatic infection including osteomyelitis, endocarditis, nephritis, and meningitis in humans. This report records a possible zoonotic case of S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans bacteremia following canine otitis externa associated with septic shock and endovascular infection precipitating intensive care admission for vasopressor support in an immunocompetent male.
Assessment of Soluble Natural Killer Group 2d Ligand (MHC Class I A and UL16 Binding Protein 1) in Iraqi Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mtashar Baan Abdulatif , Ashoor Zainab Fadhel , Shabeeb Zeyad Fadhel , Matti Bassam Francis
Published: January 2023

Background:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is “a heterogeneous disease,” defined by a wide range of genetic alterations and molecular mutations that have an effect on clinical outcomes and could be used to develop new drugs. In AML, the immune system is tricked and actively suppressed by leukemia itself and by mechanisms that leukemia picked up through further mutations under suppression of selection. Myeloblasts in Acute myeloid leukemia can evasion the naturak killer cell killing by many ways, one of the these way, the myelocblast cells shed NKG2D soluble ligand (MIC A/B and or ULPB 1-6) in blood and bound to NKG2D activation receptor which lead to inhibit activation of NK cells.

The Aim of Study:

The aim of this study assessment of Soluble ligand (MICA and ULPB-1) in patients with AML.

Patients and Methods:

Thirty patients newly diagnosed as AML were enrolled in this study, 24 patients out of 30 were follow up after 14 days of tratment. after 30 days of treatment we get result of therapy. twenty healthy looking persons were considered as control subjects. We used ELISA technique to detection the level of soluble legand (MICA and ULPB-1).

Results:

The study showed that in order level of sMICA, there were significant differences in AML patients at diagnosis and after 14 days of treatment in comparison to control subjects while there were no significant differences in the level of sULPB1 between AML patients at diagnosis and after 14 days of treatment in comparison to control subjects.

Conclusion:

This study showed that there was an elevated level of sMICA in AML patients at diagnosis and 14 days to treatment while there was no elevated level of sULPB1 in comparison to the control group.
Massive Pleural Effusion Suggesting a Malignant Effusion
Authors: Ibrahim Marwan Majeed
Published: January 2023

Background:

Massive pleural effusion is one of the way of presentations of malignant effusion, it is unlikely to be seen in other causes of effusions, thorough workup and follow up is necessary, in this case series most of the cases was confirmed to be of malignant etiology.

Objectives:

The main objective from this study is to detect the cause behind massive pleural effusion and for early detection of a malignant etiology. Methods: Case series study involving 11 inpatient cases of massive effusion that had been evaluated sequentially with pleural fluid cytology then if negative pleural biopsy with either medical pleuroscopy or video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS).

Results:

Six of eleven cases were discovered to have malignant effusion, two cases were tuberculous pleuritis (TB pleuritis), one case were complicated parapneumonic effusion; the other 2 cases there were no specific diagnoses.

Conclusions:

Most of the cases of massive pleural effusion were discovered to be malignant effusion.
Endovascular repair as a rescue strategy to restoring the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow
Authors: Depta Filip , Rybár Dušan , Kopolovets Ivan , Moščovič Matej , Grendel Tomáš
Published: January 2023

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a known complication after myocardial infarction associated with high mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is being successfully used in patients with VSD as a bridge to definitive surgical repair. Although often the only possibility to stabilize hemodynamics and oxygenation, ECMO has many potential complications, carrying significant morbidity and mortality. Here, the patient presented with a postinfarct VSD on peripheral venoarterial ECMO who developed a dissection of the common iliac artery (CIA) on the 5th day after ECMO implantation. As a result, a sudden drop in ECMO flow has become evident along with high pressures in the arterial cannula. After a definitive diagnosis of a CIA lesion obstructing the blood flow was made, trans-ECMO endovascular repair of CIA was performed. Four days after endovascular repair, we encountered the same problem of decreased blood flow associated with stent kinking and were approached with another endovascular repair to re-establishing full ECMO flow.
Use of droxidopa for blood pressure augmentation after acute spinal cord injury: case reports
Authors: Hong Christopher S. , Effendi Muhammad K. , Ammar Abdalla A. , Owusu Kent A. , Ammar Mahmoud A. , Koo Andrew B. , Lamsam Layton A. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Kuzmik Gregory A. , Laurans Maxwell , DiLuna Michael L. , Landreneau Mark L.
Published: January 2023

Hypotension secondary to autonomic dysfunction is a common complication of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) that may worsen neurologic outcomes. Midodrine, an enteral α-1 agonist, is often used to facilitate weaning intravenous (IV) vasopressors, but its use can be limited by reflex bradycardia. Alternative enteral agents to facilitate this wean in the acute post-SCI setting have not been described. We aim to describe novel application of droxidopa, an enteral precursor of norepinephrine that is approved to treat neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, in the acute post-SCI setting. Droxidopa may be an alternative enteral therapy for those intolerant of midodrine due to reflex bradycardia. We describe two patients suffering traumatic cervical SCI who were successfully weaned off IV vasopressors with droxidopa after failing with midodrine. The first patient was a 64-year-old male who underwent C3–6 laminectomies and fusion after a ten-foot fall resulting in quadriparesis. Post-operatively, the addition of midodrine in an attempt to wean off IV vasopressors resulted in significant reflexive bradycardia. Treatment with droxidopa facilitated rapidly weaning IV vasopressors and transfer to a lower level of care within 72 hours of treatment initiation. The second patient was a 73-year-old male who underwent C3–5 laminectomies and fusion for a traumatic hyperflexion injury causing paraplegia. The addition of midodrine resulted in severe bradycardia, prompting consideration of pacemaker placement. However, with the addition of droxidopa, this was avoided, and the patient was weaned off IV vasopressors on dual oral therapy with midodrine and droxidopa. Droxidopa may be a viable enteral therapy to treat hypotension in patients after acute SCI who are otherwise not tolerating midodrine in order to wean off IV vasopressors. This strategy may avoid pacemaker placement and facilitate shorter stays in the intensive care unit, particularly for patients who are stable but require continued intensive care unit admission for IV vasopressors, which can be cost ineffective and human resource depleting.
SOSYAL MEDYA PAZARLAMASININ TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞLARINA ETKİSİ: INSTAGRAM KULLANICILARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BOZYİĞİT Betül , METİN İsmail
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmada Instagram aracılığıyla yapılan pazarlamanın tüketici satın alma tutum ve davranışlarına etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel yöntemlerden anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, Instagram hesabı olan ve hesabını aktif olarak kullanan katılımcılardan kolayda örnekleme metodu ile seçilen 393 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı Duffett (2017), Can (2017), İnce ve Bozyiğit (2018) tarafından yapılan araştırmalarda kullanılan ölçeklerden uyarlanarak geliştirilmiştir. Veri analizi için ANOVA, t testi ve LSD testi kullanılırken, hipotezlerin test edilmesinde çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Instagram pazarlaması ile farkındalık, bilgi, beğeni ve tercihin tüketici satın alma niyetini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilediği, satın alma davranışının ise farkındalık, beğeni ve tercihten pozitif etkilendiği belirlenmiştir (p=0,000). Bağımsız değişkenler satın alma niyetindeki varyansın %61,5’ini, satın alma davranışındaki varyansın %33,7’sini açıklamıştır. Demografik özelliklerden yaş, cinsiyet ve günlük sosyal medya kullanım sürelerine göre tüketici satın alma tutumları ve davranışlarının anlamlı olarak farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05).
PEMILIHAN GENTENG RUMAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING
Authors: Prihatin Edwin , Rahman Andi Nur
Published: January 2023

Tile is one of the most important building materials. Tile has the main function as a roof covering. Tile is more often used in the construction of houses. The tile protects the occupants of the house from the hot sun and rain. Selection of the right tile needs to be considered for the comfort of the occupants of the house. In this study, the determining factors in the selection of roof tiles are price, product quality, and product availability. The types of tiles used in this research are ceramic tiles, clay tiles, Alderon tiles, asbestos tiles, zinc tiles, and metal roof tiles. The method used in this study is the multidimensional scaling method. The multidimensional scaling method is one of the multivariate analysis methods used to determine the similarity value based on the proximity seen on the perceptual map. Based on the calculation results, it is determined that the types of tiles that have similarities are ceramic tiles and Alderon tiles with a distance value of 0.2062. Furthermore, the best roof tiles based on respondents' perceptions are Asbestos tiles because the variables of product quality and product availability have advantages
PERBANDINGAN METODE CENTROID DAN WARD DALAM PENGELOMPOKKAN TINGKAT PENYELESAIAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Puspita Rindang Ndaru
Published: January 2023

Education is  foundation in building the nation and state, besides that education is a right for all citizens. Educational achievements in Indonesia can be seen from the achievement of educational graduation rates for all levels of education from elementary to high school. The government needs to pay more attention to education in Indonesia, so there needs to be a grouping of provinces according to similar characteristics, so that the government can focus more on preparing programs and activities to improve the quality of education. The right method for grouping provinces is the best method from the results of cluster analysis by comparing the centroid and ward methods as seen from the value of the cophenetic correlation coefficient. Based on the research, the best method was obtained, namely the centroid method with cluster profiling: cluster 1 is a cluster with a moderate level of completion of education consisting of 31 provinces, cluster 2 with a level of completion of higher education consists of 2 provinces, and cluster 3 with a low level of completion of education consists of  1 province
DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN MATERI MEMBANDINGKAN DAN MENGURUTKAN PECAHAN MELALUI DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN GEOGEBRA
Authors: Fitriani Yuni , Muhtadi Dedi , Setialesmana Depi
Published: January 2023

There are still many students who have difficulty understanding the concept of comparing and sorting fractions. This is because learning is emphasized only on procedural knowledge and is separated from students' daily life experiences. The research objective was to determine the role of the context of school activities and produce learning trajectories to assist students in understanding the concept of comparing and ordering fractions through geogebra-assisted discovery learning. The research method uses design research with the stages of preliminary design, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. The results showed that: (1) the use of the context of school activities through geogebra-assisted discovery learning can help students' understanding of concepts in the material of comparing and ordering fractions; and (2) the learning trajectories that are generated in studying the material of comparing and ordering fractions, namely: (a) understanding the concept of fractions as part of a whole, (b) changing fractions to other forms (mixed fractions, decimals, percents) and vice versa, (c ) found how to compare common fractions, (d) found how to compare decimals, and (e) found how to order fractions
Dynamic Analysis and Design of an SMCNN of a 6-DOF Parallel Mechanisms using Translation Driver Motor
Authors:   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Viet Nam, Tuan Doan Van , Thien Nguyen Luong , Ngoc Pham Van Bach
Published: January 2023

—Recently, many technological improvement apply in the discovery of various designs of haptic devices. Several mechanism structures including serial, parallel, and hybrid-kinematic manipulators can be considered for making a haptics device. The most successful haptic mechanisms are parallel-type, because of low moving inertia, large force reflection, and high stiffness. This research shows the 6-DOF parallel haptics device based on the parallel mechanism using a translation driver motor mounted on each leg. Firstly, we introduce a 6-DOF parallel mechanism using a translation driver motor haptics device model. Due to the unsure parameters, we focus on solving the mathematics model with the nonlinear parameters of the 6-DOF parallel mechanism. Secondly, to fix the kinematics and dynamics nonlinear uncertainties parameters, the SMCNN controller for 6-DOF parallel mechanism application using a translation driver motor is designed. The Sliding model control base on artificial intelligence neural network is used to calculate the unsure factors. In this technique, to prove the stability of the system the Lyapunop theory is used. Finally, the authors the simulation results of two control algorithms with different uncertain components are presented and comparing them to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new control method. The control method is demonstrated by way of implementing the set of rules in artificial surroundings with realistic parameters, in which the received consequences are fairly promising. The obtained from SMCNN algorithm results are highly promising and accurate.
RESPON CIVITAS AKADEMIKA IAIN TERNATE TERHADAP PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Umasugi Nirwan
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the significant relationship between perception and behavior, the gap in the behavior of the IAIN Ternate academic community towards Islamic banking to become partners in products and services for the socialization and development of Islamic banks, and to transform the behavior of the IAIN Ternate academic community towards Islamic banking. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method and is a survey study. From the entire academic community of IAIN Ternate, samples were taken using a random sampling technique. The study's findings demonstrate that the academic community of IAIN Ternate bases its decision to associate with Islamic banks primarily on rationalist and ideological conceptions, with considerations based on economic perceptions accounting for the remainder. The academic community at IAIN Ternate, however, does not behave in a way that is consistent with explicitly religious beliefs; rather, it is motivated by economic perceptions, which are in turn influenced by elements such as comfort, safety, and satisfaction as well as speculative actions. Because respondents' comments suggested a favorable attitude toward sharia banking, the study's findings also suggest that the goods and services employed to build sharia banks in Ternate City had considerable potential.Keywords: Reaction; Academic Community; Sharia Banking.
A Study on the Changes in the Argument Statement Strategy According to the Media and Audience Transition －Focusing on the ‘Rebuttal’ in both the Discussion Scripts and the Essay after a Debating among College Students
Authors: Park Kyungwoo
Published: January 2023

In this paper, I examined how the transition between the media and the audience affects the thesis statement. Based on the fact that different media characteristics of speech and writing embody the same content in different ways, the aspects of media transition and audience transition were examined for college students’ discussion scripts and essays after debating. The reason why the rebuttal in the discussion model was studied was that the rebuttal not only shows the dialogic argumentation well, but also reflects the media transition and audience transition at the same time when it is converted into monologic argumentation, which is writing. First, the media transition from discussion to writing showed a difference in the amount of rebuttal terms. In the essays written after debating, we can see that the phenomenon of significantly reducing the existing rebuttal and replacing it with a new and interesting argument tends to give intellectual interest more advantage in the article written, compared to the special speaking situation of discussion. Second, as a result of examining the impact of audience transition on the argumentation strategy at the level of politeness, questioning, and communication, the politeness expression in discussion was removed from the writing and the argument strength increased, while the question aspect was diverse in discussion scripts using dialogic argumentation. In addition, analysis via Hyland’s ‘academic interaction model’ confirmed that audience transition is the cause of a different selection of boosters and hedges in the discussion script and essays after debating. In conclusion, we can say that the transition between the media and the audience has a certain effect on the argument development strategy.
A Mixed Study on the Student Agency of College Students Participated in Basic Subject Class of Major Based on Flip Learning
Authors: Mun Huijin , Kim Youngsoon
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of flipped learning classes on college students and to examine the meaning of their experience of participating in such classes. To this end, a survey of 29 college students who took the A University Culture and Education course was conducted on self-directed learning ability and academic self-efficacy before and after learning. In addition, in order to examine the learners’ flipped learning experiences from the perspective of student agency, an FGI interview was conducted with six college students, and their reflection journals were analyzed. As a result, we found that college students had more significantly higher self-directed learning ability and academic self-efficacy scores after taking the flipped learning class than before taking the class. In addition, as a result of analyzing the contents of the FGI interview and reflection diary, we derived the following: ‘reflection on the class experience’, ‘interest and responsibility for the surroundings’, and ‘change through flipped learning classes’. Their diaries also expressed the level of agency the students felt. In this study, quantitative research was conducted on a single group, and there were limitations in the interpretation of research results. Thus, systematic experimental research is needed in future studies. In addition, in the FGI interview, there were regrets expressed about the ‘burden of the role within the group’, the ‘passive attitude of the group’, and the ‘lack of understanding of the concepts presented in online classes’. Accordingly, in future studies, it was suggested that it is necessary to develop a flipped learning class that better reflects the learner’s experience.