bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation interventions after cranial cruciate ligament surgery in dogs
Authors: Alvarez Leilani X. , Repac Jennifer A. , Kirkby Shaw Kristin , Compton Nashua
Published: January 2022

Objective

To critically evaluate the evidence for rehabilitation interventions following surgery for cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs.

Study design

Systematic review.

Methods

Google Scholar and Pubmed databases were searched for studies evaluating postoperative CCLD rehabilitation interventions from 1990 until March 2020 per the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Each study was assigned a level of evidence score from I to IV and a risk of bias (RoB) score by 2 reviewers, and by a third reviewer, when consensus was not reached.

Results

Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Twelve comprised randomized, controlled trials (Level II), 6 were nonrandomized or nonblinded (Level III), and one was retrospective (Level IV). Nine studies had high RoB scores. Sixteen studies yielded positive results. Therapeutic exercise had the most studies with positive results but all had high RoB. Cold compression therapy had 3 supporting studies (2 Level II, low RoB). Extracorporeal shockwave yielded 2 positive Level II studies (low‐moderate and high‐moderate RoB) and photobiomodulation had 1 positive study (Level II, low RoB) with objective outcomes. A negative outcome was noted in 1 photobiomodulation study. There was 1 supporting study on electrical stimulation and there was none on low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound.

Conclusion

This systematic review supports the use of rehabilitation interventions in recovery of postoperative CCLD in dogs; however, many studies had a high risk of bias.

Clinical significance

There is a lack of class I level evidence in veterinary rehabilitation. This study supports therapeutic exercise and cold compression therapy for postoperative CCLD rehabilitation. Existing studies on other modalities are limited and demonstrate conflicting results.
Comunidad, pertenencia, extrenjería
Authors: Poggio Eleonora
Published: January 2022

Comunidad, pertenencia, extranjería desvela el papel central que tuvo la migración laboral y mercantil de la región del Mar del Norte en el virreinato de la Nueva España durante un periodo crítico de la formación de las sociedades coloniales. Lejos de ser una migración marginal, como hasta ahora se ha creído, la presencia de migrantes septentrionales fue estratégica para la expansión y el mantenimiento de la monarquía hispánica por su aporte de mano de obra, de conocimientos tecnológicos, de redes comerciales y de capital transnacional. A partir del análisis transversal del impacto de esta migración en la sociedad, la política y la economía novohispana, este trabajo muestra como es imposible contar la historia del imperio español sin tomar en cuenta el papel que los europeos no españoles tuvieron en su formación y evolución.
Overview of The Best 2020 Axial-Flow Fan Data and Inclusion in Similarity Charts for the Search of the Best Design
Authors: Masi Massimo , Danieli Piero , Lazzaretto Andrea
Published: January 2022

This article deals with the aerodynamic performance of ducted axial-flow fans available in the 2020 market and aims to create a general picture of the best designs and design trends, as a tool for fan designers. To this end, this article first presents the general formulation of the similarity approach to the fan performance analysis, including the effects of rotational speed (which affects the validity of the Reynolds similarity) and turbomachine size (which can hinder the perfect geometrical similarity of some shape details). The second part reports a statistical survey of the axial-flow fan performance based on data from catalogues of major manufacturers and compares the resulting Cordier lines with optimum fan designs from empirical or computational fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based models available in the literature. In addition to the global performance at maximum aeraulic and total-to-static efficiencies, this survey uses the form of dimensionless Balje–Cordier charts to identify the trends and values of other design parameters, such as hub-to-tip ratio, blade count, and blade positioning angle. As a result, a summary of the aerodynamic performance of year 2020 best designs, the improvements achieved during the last 40 years, and the present design trends in contrarotating, vane-axial, and tube-axial fan types are made available to fan designers.
Tinkering With Policies in the Digital Age: How Interscholastic Athletic Directors Address Social Media Use by Student-Athletes
Authors: Price Blake L. , Farren Gene L. , Stoll Jennifer A. , Goldsmith Andrew , Carroll Michael , Martin Christina
Published: January 2022

Social media use by student-athletes has become a topic of concern for interscholastic athletic directors. The recent Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. Supreme Court case highlighted how student speech has evolved in the digital age. This study explored how Texas interscholastic athletic directors view social media policy implementation and the effect it has on student-athlete behavior. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 athletic directors across all six University Interscholastic League enrollment classifications. Analysis revealed that athletic directors do have legal concerns when restricting online off-campus speech but see a need for promoting positive social media use by their student-athletes. The results suggest high school athletic departments must update their policies frequently to ensure that the information relayed to student-athletes is current, relevant, and based on recent case law.
The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis
Authors: Sapolsky Robert M. , Krey Lewis C. , McEwen Bruce S.
Published: January 2022

Over the past 5 yr, we have examined some of the sharpest edges of the pathology of aging. We have studied the capacity of aged organisms to respond appropriately to stress and the capacity of stress to cumulatively damage aging tissue. The idea of a relationship between stress and aging has permeated the gerontology literature in two forms. First, senescence has been thought of as a time of decreased adaptiveness to stress. This idea has been supported frequently, as many aged physiological systems function normally under basal conditions, yet do not adequately respond to a challenge. For example, aged and young humans have similar basal body temperatures, but the former are relatively impaired in thermoregulatory capacities when heat- or cold-challenged. A second theme in gerontology concerning stress is that chronic stress can accelerate the aging process. Selye and Tuchweber for example, postulated a finite "adaptational energy" in an organism, with prolonged stress prematurely depleting such reserves, thus accelerating the onset of senescence. This idea was derivative of earlier idea that the "rate of living" could be a pacemaker of aging. Experimentally, varied approaches have supported the notion that at least some biomarkers of age can be accelerated by stress.

The above hypotheses led us to examine the adrenocortical axis, the endocrine axis which is among the most central to the stress response. Our findings support both of these concepts. We find that the aged male rat is impaired in terminating the secretion of adrenocortical stress hormones, glucocorticoids, at the end of stress. This hormonal excess may be due to degenerative changes in a region of the brain which normally inhibits glucocorticoid release; the degeneration, in turn, is caused by cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids. Together, these effects form a feed-forward cascade with potentially serious pathophysiological consequences in the aged subject.

Reproduced by permission.

Robert M. Sapolsky, Lewis C. Krey, Bruce S. McEwen, The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis.
Endocr. Rev.
7
, 284-301 (1986).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Curtobacterium
sp. Strain TXMA1, Isolated from a Grapevine in Texas, USA
Authors: Chen Jianchi , Ledbetter Craig , O’Leary Michael
Published: January 2022

The genome of
Curtobacterium
sp. strain TXMA1, isolated from a grapevine in Texas showing leaf marginal necrosis symptoms, was sequenced. The TXMA1 genome has a 3,454,876-bp, circular chromosome with a GC content of 71.74%, 3,213 open reading frames (ORFs), 47 tRNAs, and 4 complete rRNA operons (5S, 16S, and 23S).
Genome Sequence of the Early 20th-Century Extreme Halophile
Halobacterium
sp. Strain NRC-34001
Authors: DasSarma Priya , Anton Brian P. , Griffith Jessie M. , Kunka Karina S. , Roberts Richard J. , DasSarma Shiladitya
Published: January 2022

Halobacterium
sp. strain NRC-34001 is a red, extremely halophilic archaeon isolated in Canada in 1934. Single-molecule real-time sequencing revealed a 2.3-Mbp genome with a 2-Mbp chromosome and two plasmids (235 kb and 43 kb). The genome encodes all conserved core haloarchaeal groups (cHOGs) and a highly acidic proteome.
Opening a dacryocystorhinostomy into the opposite nasal cavity in a case of hemiarhinia
Authors: Meel Rachna , Samdani Asha , Agrawal Sahil , Das Deepsekhar
Published: January 2022

Heminasal agenesis is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly which is frequently associated with disorders of eye, lacrimal drainage system and face. At times, a proboscis may also be noted with this condition. Herein, we present a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented to us with heminasal agenesis with concomitant microphthalmos, leucomatous corneal opacity, blepharoptosis, dacryocystocoele and maxillary hypoplasia. The child underwent a modified transeptal external dacryocystorhinostomy with placement of a lacrimal stent. There was significant improvement of epiphora and discharged following surgery. Heminasal aplasia with dacryocystocoele is surgical challenge; however, a well thought out surgical approach can yield satisfactory outcomes.
An unusual presentation of thymoma: dysgeusia, ulcerative colitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, autoimmune retinopathy and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Sanghi Priyanka , Bremner Fion
Published: January 2022

A 41-year-old female presented with dysgeusia, dry eyes, nyctalopia with progressive visual field constriction (due to autoimmune retinopathy) and gastrointestinal symptoms (due to ulcerative colitis). She was subsequently admitted to intensive care with a myasthenic crisis, and CT of the thorax demonstrated a thymoma.

Following thymectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy, she has remained in complete remission from her ulcerative colitis and myasthenia gravis, her retinopathy has stabilised and there has been no thymoma recurrence over a 10-year postoperative period. There was a brief relapse of her dysgeusia (causing weight loss) and dry eye symptoms 3 years after her surgery, which resolved 8 months later. While the association of thymomas with paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) is well established, it is unusual to present with multiple PNS, and some of these have only been documented in sparse case reports to date. Thymectomy played a crucial role in improvement and stabilisation of her PNS.
Unusual presentation of cornea verticillata with intravitreal methotrexate in a case of primary intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Hasan Nasiq , Narde Harpreet Kaur , Das Amit Kumar , Chawla Rohan
Published: January 2022

A 56-year-old woman presented with floaters and diminution of vision in the right eye for 1 week. On examination, visual acuity was 20/400 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed vitritis in the right eye and subretinal deposits in both eyes. Vitreous biopsy of the right eye revealed large B-cell-type primary intraocular lymphoma and the patient underwent multiple intravitreal methotrexate injections (400 μg/0.1 mL) in the right eye and systemic chemotherapy for bilateral disease. Following biweekly injections of methotrexate, her visual acuity improved considerably from 20/400 to 20/60 with resolution of vitritis. However, following eighth dose of intravitreal methotrexate, she experienced visual decline to 20/120 along with photophobia, redness and watering. Whorl-shaped opacities, limbitis and corneal haze were noted on slit-lamp examination. Intravitreal methotrexate was stopped, and the patient was started on frequent topical lubricants, loteprednol, topical folinic acid and oral folic acid. Complete resolution of corneal toxicity was observed at 3 weeks and the injections were suspended as there was no recurrence at 6 months follow-up.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary schoolgirls in Kenya
Authors: Zulaika Garazi , Bulbarelli Miriam , Nyothach Elizabeth , van Eijk Annemieke , Mason Linda , Fwaya Eunice , Obor David , Kwaro Daniel , Wang Duolao , Mehta Supriya D , Phillips-Howard Penelope A
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Secondary school closures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19 may have amplified the negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and schooling outcomes of vulnerable adolescent girls. This study aimed to measure pandemic-related effects on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among school-going girls in Kenya.

Methods

We report longitudinal findings of 910 girls in their last 2 years of secondary school. The study took place in 12 secondary day schools in rural western Kenya between 2018 and 2021. Using a causal-comparative design, we compared SRH and schooling outcomes among 403 girls who graduated after completion of their final school examinations in November 2019 pre-pandemic with 507 girls who experienced disrupted schooling due to COVID-19 and sat examinations in March 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted generalised linear mixed models were used to investigate the effect of COVID-19-related school closures and restrictions on all outcomes of interest and on incident pregnancy.

Results

At study initiation, the mean age of participants was 17.2 (IQR: 16.4–17.9) for girls in the pre-COVID-19 cohort and 17.5 (IQR: 16.5–18.4) for girls in the COVID-19 cohort. Girls experiencing COVID-19 containment measures had twice the risk of falling pregnant prior to completing secondary school after adjustment for age, household wealth and orphanhood status (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=2.11; 95% CI:1.13 to 3.95, p=0.019); three times the risk of school dropout (aRR=3.03; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.95, p=0.001) and 3.4 times the risk of school transfer prior to examinations (aRR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.70 to 6.77, p=0.001) relative to pre-COVID-19 learners. Girls in the COVID-19 cohort were more likely to be sexually active (aRR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.51, p=0.002) and less likely to report their first sex as desired (aRR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.65, p<0.001). These girls reported increased hours of non-school-related work (3.32 hours per day vs 2.63 hours per day in the pre-COVID-19 cohort, aRR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.92 to 2.99, p=0.004). In the COVID-19 cohort, 80.5% reported worsening household economic status and COVID-19-related stress was common.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic deleteriously affected the SRH of girls and amplified school transfer and dropout. Appropriate programmes and interventions that help buffer the effects of population-level emergencies on school-going adolescents are warranted.

Trial registration number

NCT03051789.
Retrospective analysis of North West London healthcare utilisation by children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mongru Rohan , Rose Danielle F , Costelloe Ceire , Cunnington Aubrey , Nijman Ruud G
Published: January 2022

Objective

To explore the impact of the measures taken to combat COVID-19 on the patterns of acute illness in children presenting to primary and secondary care for North West London.

Design/setting/participants

Retrospective analysis of 8 309 358 primary and secondary healthcare episodes of children <16 years registered with a North West London primary care practice between 2015 and 2021.

Main outcome measures

Numbers of primary care consultations, emergency department (ED) attendances and emergency admissions during the pandemic were compared with those in the preceding 5 years. Trends were examined by age and for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision-coded diagnoses of: infectious diseases, and injuries and poisonings for admitted children.

Results

Comparing 2020 to the 2015–2019 mean, primary care consultations were 22% lower, ED attendances were 38% lower and admissions 35% lower. Following the first national lockdown in April 2020, primary care consultations were 39% lower compared with the April 2015–2019 mean, ED attendances were 72% lower and unscheduled hospital admissions were 63% lower. Admissions >48 hours were on average 13% lower overall during 2020, and 36% lower during April 2020. The reduction in admissions for infections (61% lower than 2015–2019 mean) between April and August 2020 was greater than for injuries (31% lower).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an overall reduction in childhood illness presentations to health services in North West London, most prominent during periods of national lockdown, and with a greater impact on infections than injuries. These reductions demonstrate the impact on children of measures taken to combat COVID-19 across the health system.
Quality of meta-analyses of non-opioid, pharmacological, perioperative interventions for chronic postsurgical pain: a systematic review
Authors: McGregor Rachel H , Warner Freda M , Linde Lukas D , Cragg Jacquelyn J , Osborn Jill A , Varshney Vishal P , Schwarz Stephan K W , Kramer John L K
Published: January 2022

Background

In an attempt to aggregate observations from clinical trials, several meta-analyses have been published examining the effectiveness of systemic, non-opioid, pharmacological interventions to reduce the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain.

Objective

To inform the design and reporting of future studies, the purpose of our study was to examine the quality of these meta-analyses.

Evidence review

We conducted an electronic literature search in Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Published meta-analyses, from the years 2010 to 2020, examining the effect of perioperative, systemic, non-opioid pharmacological treatments on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain in adult patients were identified. Data extraction focused on methodological details. Meta-analysis quality was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) critical appraisal tool.

Findings

Our search yielded 17 published studies conducting 58 meta-analyses for gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin), ketamine, lidocaine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and mexiletine. According to AMSTAR 2, 88.2% of studies (or 15/17) were low or critically low in quality. The most common critical element missing was an analysis of publication bias. Trends indicated an improvement in quality over time and association with journal impact factor.

Conclusions

With few individual trials adequately powered to detect treatment effects, meta-analyses play a crucial role in informing the perioperative management of chronic postsurgical pain. In light of this inherent value and despite a number of attempts, high-quality meta-analyses are still needed.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021230941.
A duplex real-time NASBA assay targeting a serotype-specific gene for rapid detection of viableSalmonellaParatyphi C in retail foods of animal origin
Authors: Zhai Ligong , Liu Hongxia , Li Junjie , Lu Zhaoxin , Bie Xiaomei
Published: January 2022

Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi C is highly adapted to humans and can cause a typhoid-like disease with high mortality rates. In this study, three serovar-specific genes were identified by comparative genomics for Salmonella Paratyphi C, SPC_0871, SPC_0872, and SPC_0908. Based on the SPC_0908 and xcd genes for testing Salmonella spp., we developed a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) with a molecular beacon approach for the simultaneous detection of viable cells of Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C. The test selectively and consistently detected 53 Salmonella spp. (representing 31 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. Additionally, the method showed high resistance to interference from natural background flora in pork and chicken samples. The sensitivity of the established approach was determined to be 4.89 cfu/25 g in artificially contaminated pork and chicken samples after pre-enrichment. We propose this NASBA-based protocol as a potential detection method for Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C in foods of animal origin.
An observational analysis of Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) foraging and caching ecology in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Authors: Swift K.N. , Williams E.J. , Marzluff J.M.
Published: January 2022

Arctic and subarctic wildlife are among the most vulnerable species to climate change. Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1776)) are generalist residents of northern boreal forests and scatter-hoard food to insulate against food scarcity during winter. Unlike most scatter-hoarders, however, Canada Jays primarily cache perishable food, rendering their caches more susceptible to climate change induced degradation and loss. Here we use a mostly noninvasive approach to document Canada Jay foraging ecology among a population in interior Alaska, USA, including the types of food acquired, foraging and caching rates, and cache longevity and loss. We also tested for associations between foraging and caching rates with reproductive metrics to assess possible relationships among food and productivity. We found that Canada Jays have a varied diet that changed seasonally, and responded to a record-setting warm spring by directing foraging efforts away from cache recovery and towards the emergence of fresh food. We did not find evidence for relationships between foraging and caching rate with reproductive output, possibly owing to small sample sizes. We found that caches were recovered quickly (<4 weeks) and frequently lost to conspecific and heterospecific competitors. Our study suggests that Canada Jays may be better poised to respond to changes in cache integrity and food availability than has been previously recognized.
Optimized performance of PV panels and site selection for a solar park in Pakistan
Authors: Uzair Muhammad , Hasan Kazmi Syed Umair , Uzair Yousuf Muhammad , Ali Zaidi Asad
Published: January 2022

Information such as the optimal tilt and azimuth angle of the solar collectors’ location is needed to efficiently incorporate solar energy. Also, when building a solar park, it is important to know the most suitable and high-energy generating location, thus saving time and money. This study analyzed collector geometry for Karachi in particular and Pakistan in general. Karachi has the potential of 339.36 kWh·m−2·annum−1 at a fixed annual tilt of 26°. In case the collector geometry needed to be changed for Karachi, we adopted a range of 40° azimuth angle and 20° tilt angle from its maximum value. The difference in power produced with these modifications would only be 1%. Optimal yearly and monthly tilt for most of the potential solar park locations of Pakistan (300+) were calculated, and we found that the optimal tilt for Pakistan closely follows the value for latitude. Generally, changing the tilt angle monthly is recommended for areas that produce more energy, whereas a fixed annual tilt could be suitable for low energy-producing regions. The effects of temperature were also incorporated while examining the energy produced by the photovoltaic (PV) panels.
Stiefel Whitney classes for real representations of GL2(𝔽q)
Authors: Ganguly Jyotirmoy , Joshi Rohit
Published: January 2022

We compute the total Stiefel Whitney class for a real representation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is odd. The obstruction class of [Formula: see text] is defined to be the Stiefel Whitney class of lowest positive degree that does not vanish. We provide an expression for the obstruction class of [Formula: see text] in terms of its character values if det [Formula: see text].
CR embeddability of quotients of the Rossi sphere via spectral theory
Authors: Bosch Henry , Gonzales Tyler , Spinelli Kamryn , Udell Gabe , Zeytuncu Yunus E.
Published: January 2022

We look at the action of finite subgroups of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], viewed as a CR manifold, both with the standard CR structure as the unit sphere in [Formula: see text] and with a perturbed CR structure known as the Rossi sphere. We show that quotient manifolds from these actions are indeed CR manifolds, and relate the order of the subgroup of [Formula: see text] to the asymptotic distribution of the Kohn Laplacian’s eigenvalues on the quotient. We show that the order of the subgroup determines whether the quotient of the Rossi sphere by the action of that subgroup is CR embeddable. Finally, in the unperturbed case, we prove that we can determine the size of the subgroup by using the point spectrum.
Design and Application of Handicraft Recommendation System Based on Improved Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Yang Yong , Ko Young Chun
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of online e-commerce, traditional collaborative filtering algorithms have the disadvantages of data set reduction and sparse matrix filling cannot meet the requirements of users. This paper takes handicrafts as an example to propose the design and application of handicraft recommendation system based on an improved hybrid algorithm. Based on the theory of e-commerce system, through the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm of users, the personalized e-commerce system of hybrid algorithm is designed and analyzed. The personalized e-commerce system based on hybrid algorithm is further proposed. The component model of the business recommendation system and the specific steps of the improved hybrid algorithm based on user information are given. Finally, an experimental analysis of the improved hybrid algorithm is carried out. The results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the effectiveness and exemption of recommending handicrafts. What’s more, it can reduce the user item ratings of candidate set and improve accuracy of the forecast recommendation.
Evolution of the shape of fission fragment energy spectrum with absorber thickness in two different media and effective charge correction
Authors: Santra Rajkumar , Vamaravalli V. G. , Roy Ankur , Dey Balaram , Roy Subinit
Published: January 2022

The energy loss behavior of fission fragments (FFs) from [Formula: see text]Cf(sf) in thin Mylar [Formula: see text] and Aluminium absorber foils has been revisited. The aim is to investigate the observed change in the well-known asymmetric energy of spontaneous fission of [Formula: see text]Cf as the fragments pass through increasingly thick absorber foils. Two different types of absorbers have been used: one elemental and the other an organic compound. The stopping powers have been determined as a function of energy for three fragment mass groups with average masses having [Formula: see text], 141.8, 125.8 corresponding to light, heavy and symmetric fragments of [Formula: see text]Cf. The energy loss data have been compared with the predictions of SRIM 2013 code. The best representations of the data have been achieved using the effective Z correction term in the stopping power relation from the classical Bohr theory. Using the effective charge (Z[Formula: see text]) in the stopping power relation in the classical Bohr theory best describes the stopping power data. Spectrum shape parameters, subsequently, have been extracted from the energy spectra of FFs for different foil thicknesses. The effective charge (Z[Formula: see text]) correction term determined from the stopping power data is then used in the simulation for the absorber thickness dependence of the shape parameters of the energy spectrum. The present simulation results are compared with the TRIM prediction. The trends of the absorber thickness dependence of the spectrum shape parameters, for both Mylar and Aluminium, are well reproduced with the present simulation.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF Ti6AL4V ELI FOR MEDICAL IMPLANTS
Authors: MEENA VIJAY KUMAR , KALRA PARVEEN , SINHA RAVINDRA KUMAR
Published: January 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium (Ti) alloys has always fascinated researchers owing to its high strength to weight ratio, biocompatibility, and anticorrosive properties, making Ti alloy an ideal candidate for medical applications. The aim of this paper is to optimize the AM parameters, such as Laser Power (LP), Laser Scan Speed (LSS), and Hatch Space (HS), using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Grey Relational analysis (GRA) for mechanical and surface characteristics like hardness, surface roughness, and contact angle, of Ti6Al4V ELI considering medical implant applications. The input parameters are optimized to have optimum hardness, surface roughness and hydrophilicity required for medical implants.
Three Ideals of Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Chen Liangyun
Published: January 2022

We define perfect ideals, near perfect ideals and upper bounded ideals of a finite-dimensional Lie superalgebra, and study the properties of these three kinds of ideals through their relevant sequences. We prove that a Lie superalgebra is solvable if and only if its maximal perfect ideal is zero, or its quotient superalgebra by the maximal perfect ideal is solvable. We also show that a Lie superalgebra is nilpotent if and only if its maximal near perfect ideal is zero. Moreover, we prove that a nilpotent Lie superalgebra has only one upper bounded ideal, which is the nilpotent Lie superalgebra itself.
On the Nonorientable Genus of the Generalized Unit and Unitary Cayley Graphs of a Commutative Ring
Authors: Khorsandi Mahdi Reza , Musawi Seyed Reza
Published: January 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] the multiplicative group of unit elements of [Formula: see text]. In 2012, Khashyarmanesh et al. defined the generalized unit and unitary Cayley graph, [Formula: see text], corresponding to a multiplicative subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and a nonempty subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], as the graph with vertex set [Formula: see text]and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being adjacent if and only if there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we characterize all Artinian rings [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is projective. This leads us to determine all Artinian rings whose unit graphs, unitary Cayley graphs and co-maximal graphs are projective. In addition, we prove that for an Artinian ring [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] has finite nonorientable genus, [Formula: see text] must be a finite ring. Finally, it is proved that for a given positive integer [Formula: see text], the number of finite rings [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] has nonorientable genus [Formula: see text] is finite.
Exhausting curve complexes by finite rigid sets on nonorientable surfaces
Authors: Irmak Elmas
Published: January 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact, connected, nonorientable surface of genus [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] boundary components. Let [Formula: see text] be the curve complex of [Formula: see text]. We prove that if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], then there is an exhaustion of [Formula: see text] by a sequence of finite rigid sets. This improves the author’s result on exhaustion of [Formula: see text] by a sequence of finite superrigid sets.
Toward Automatic Detection of Gastric Lesion for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with Neural Network
Authors: Wang Sai , He Qi , Zhang Ping , Chen Xin , Zuo Siyang
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we compared the performance of several neural networks in the classification of early gastric cancer (EGC) images and proposed a method of converting the output value of the network into a calorific value to locate the lesion. The algorithm was improved using transfer learning and fine-tuning principles. The test set accuracy rate reached 0.72, sensitivity reached 0.67, specificity reached 0.77, and precision rate reached 0.78. The experimental results show the potential to meet clinical demands for automatic detection of gastric lesion.
Bail and Pretrial Justice in the United States: A Field of Possibility
Authors: Page Joshua , Scott-Hayward Christine S.
Published: January 2022

In this review of scholarship on bail and pretrial justice in the United States, we analyze how the field of bail operates (and why it operates as it does), focusing on its official and unofficial objectives, core assumptions and values, power dynamics, and technologies. The field, we argue, provides extensive opportunities for generating revenue and containing, controlling, and changing defendants and their families. In pursuit of these objectives, actors consistently generate harms that disproportionately affect low-income people of color and amplify social inequalities. We close with an analysis of political struggles over bail, including current and emerging possibilities for both reformist and radical change. In this, we urge scholars toward sustained engagement with people and organizations in criminalized communities, which pushes scholars to reconsider our preconceptions regarding safety, justice, and the potential for systemic change and opens up new avenues for research and public engagement.
Quantitative Estimation of Turning Point of Ageing Based on a Two-Stage Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Haichao , Huang Xiankun , Kang Lixia , Liu Yongzhong
Published: January 2022

The capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is commonly reported by a linear dependency followed by a nonlinear ageing process. The linear ageing process is dominated by solid electrolyte interphase formation and reformation (SEI and SEI-re), whereas the nonlinear ageing process is dominated by lithium plating. The turning point is usually alleged when the remaining capacities of LIBs are 80%. This empirical experience may deviate from the turning points of the LIBs in practice, especially under complicated conditions. In this work, a two-stage model is developed to quantitatively predict the turning point during the capacity fading of LIBs, which features the coupling of electrochemical and thermal models accounting for SEI, SEI-re and lithium plating. On the basis of this model, a quantitative evaluation method of the turning point is proposed by attributing the transition of the capacity fading to the balance of consumption of active lithium for SEI growth and lithium plating per cycle in the two stages. The characteristics of capacity fading of LIBs is quantitatively analyzed and discussed under various operation conditions and design parameters. An NCM111/graphite battery is used to validate the proposed model. The results show that it is effective to quantitatively divide the capacity fading curve into two stages by the proposed model, and the presence of the turning point of the two stages reflects the capacity fading of the LIBs. The turning points of the capacity fading processes are extensively influenced by the operation conditions and design parameters of the LIBs, where the reaction rate of lithium plating and SEI or SEI-re growth reign. According to the effect on the turning point, the order of significance of the factors is charging current, charging cut-off voltage, temperature, and N/P ratio, respectively. Moreover, the SEI and SEI-re growth are influenced by temperature, charging current, charging cut-off voltage and N/P ratio, whereas the lithium plating is influenced by charging current, temperature, charging cut-off voltage, and N/P ratio.
Green and Affordable Manufacturing Method for Multi-Scale Porous Carbon Nanofibers and Its Application in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Fang Dawei , An Xinyu , Zhang Ang , Li Xi , Liu Na , Ma Xiaoxue , Jing Minghua
Published: January 2022

Carbon nanofibers with multi-scale pores have been easily constructed by synchronous water etching during the carbonization process of PAN nanofibers, reducing the additional consumption of energy and time. After etching by high-temperature water vapor, the fiber surface becomes more coarse, and large amounts of etched pits are formed, effectively increasing the electrode’s specific surface area and hydrophilicity. Oxygen content is also significantly increased, which may effectively increase the electrocatalytic active sites of the electrode. Electrochemical tests verified the improved electrocatalytic activity and increased effective surface area. As a result, the VRFB single cell with water vapor etched carbon nanofibers as its electrode shows higher battery efficiencies than that with pristine carbon nanofibers; the energy efficiency improves by nearly 9.4% at 200 mA·cm−2. After 100 charge/discharge cycles, the battery efficiency has no obvious attenuation, and the capacity attenuation rate of single cycle is nearly 0.26%，suggesting a satisfactory cycling stability. This green and simple method for constructing multi-scale porous carbon nanofibers electrode is expected to achieve large-scale production of high-performance electrode materials, and can be applied in various electrochemical energy storage systems.
Membraneless Photocatalytic Fuel Cell with Double Photoelectrodes for Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Huang Mingjuan , Zhou Chunhong , Wen Ruiting , Tian Jiuying , Huang Wenduo , Wei Haiyue , Lu Jusheng
Published: January 2022

Environmental pollution and new energy development have become topics of increasing concern. Herein, a visible-light-driven photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) with double photoelectrodes was constructed for simultaneous electricity generation and pollutant degradation, in which graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) generated on W/WO3 nanorod arrays (W/WNR/g-C3N4) was used as the photoanode and Fe3+-doped CuBi2O4 thin film on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass (ITO/CBFeO) was used as the photocathode. The experimental results showed that the WO3/g-C3N4 Z-scheme structure and one-dimensional WNR rod-like structure could effectively suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and enable W/WNR/g-C3N4 to present a good photocurrent response under visible light irradiation. The Fermi level mismatch between the W/WNR/g-C3N4 photoanode and ITO/CBFeO photocathode could improve the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the photoanode to the photocathode across the external circuit, enabling the constructed PFC to afford high electricity output and good efficiency for pollutant degradation. The short-circuit current density and maximum power density could reach 620 μA cm−2 and 110 μW cm−2, respectively, while the degradation ratio of oxytetracycline reached 97.6% in 90 min. Therefore, the proposed PFC system provides a new way to generate electric energy and degrade pollutants simultaneously.
Prussian Blue Analogue Derived Co3O4/CuO Nanoparticles as Effective Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Magnesium-Air Battery
Authors: Dong Xiaoyang , Wang Jinxing , Wang Xiao , Yang Jingdong , Zhu Ling , Zeng Wen , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: January 2022

Developing efficient, durable, and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is necessary to promote the efficiency and performance of Mg-air batteries. Herein, the Co3O4/CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a low-cost and simple approach using CuCo-based prussian blue analogue (PBA) as precursor of pyrolysis at different calcination temperatures. It was found that the Co3O4/CuO nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C (CCO-600) have relatively small size and superior ORR performance. The onset potential is 0.889 V and the diffusion limiting current density achieves 6.746 mA·cm−2, as well as prominent stability in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The electron transfer number of the CCO-600 is 3.89 under alkaline medium, which indicates that the reaction mechanism of ORR is dominated by 4 e process similar to commercial Pt. The primary Mg-air battery with the CCO-600 as the cathode catalyst has been assembled and possesses better discharge performance than the CuCo-based PBA. The open circuit voltage of CCO-600 arrives at 1.76 V and the energy density reaches 1895.95 mWh/g. This work provides an effective strategy to develop non-noble metal ORR catalyst for the application of metal-air batteries.
From the Editor: Five Years of Interface
Authors: Talbot Jan B.
Published: January 2022

This special issue celebrates the first five years of Interface. The first issue of Interface was launched the Winter of 1992 with a photograph of the just-named Nobel laureate, Rudy Marcus, on the cover. In each of the following issues, one of the Society’s Divisions or Groups has been highlighted by presenting the state of the technology of that Division’s or Group’s field as well as feature articles on that subject area. The highlight of my tenure as Editor was the publication of another special issue of Interface which commemorated the 50th anniversary of the invention of the transistor and by which I had the opportunity to meet and interview Gordon Moore (with Bruce Deal). The articles in this present issue are contributions from some of the Divisions on a variety of topics as they reflect over the last five years of events in their Division and the ECS.
Free Radicals: What’s in a Name?
Authors: Hall Dale
Published: January 2022

Some of you may wonder why this column is called Free Radicals. The Advisory Board picked the name, and I never asked why. My own suggestion was Currents, which eventually got picked up for another feature that covers news of interest to our technical community.
Currents: The Research University of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: King C. Judson
Published: January 2022

Changes affecting American research universities include rapid advances in information technology; trends in job requirements, career paths and demographics; business restructuring; and the use of societal benefit as a criterion for financing research. In response, research will become more collaborative and international. Scholarly communication will transformed by the electronic world. Libraries will become sophisticated linked information networks equipped with powerful search engines. The structure and size of the research enterprise will adapt to economic conditions. Research universities will build greater synergies between research and education and adjust to serve the needs of a diverse populace for primary and continuing education.
Measuring Compressive Strength Characteristics of Soil‐Dobak‐Glue Mixtures over Curing Time
Authors: Kim Myeonghwan , Eom Seongjun
Published: January 2022

The building materials used by mankind in the past, such as stone, soil, and wood, have been environment‐friendly. However, the various building materials invented over time with the development of the industrial age pose problems such as environmental hormone generation and waste generation/disposal. To overcome these problems, building materials based on soil, a traditional building material, are being developed by researchers. However, the improvement in soil’s structural characteristics is insufficient as it excessively emphasizes efficacy and function only. In this study, lime and Dobak‐glue were mixed with soil to solve the structural problems and improve the strength of soil, and water content and change in strength in accordance with curing time were tested. In order to understand the change in strength, a compaction test was performed by preparing a standard specimen based on the optimum water content and maximum dry density. The lime mix required optimum water content and quantity of lime equal to 3% of soil weight, while the Dobak‐glue mix was prepared by soil mixing in the same weight ratio as optimum water content. Changes in water content and compressive strength were measured over curing time of 3, 7, and 28 days. Three specimens, lime mixed specimen, Dobak‐glue mixed specimen, and standard specimen, were prepared, and their water content and compressive strength values were averaged. Although the change in water content according to the curing period differed depending on the material mixed with soil, there was no significant difference between 7.12% and 2.82% after 7 days. As for the change in compressive strength, the initial compressive strength in lime mixed specimen was excellent, but the Dobak‐glue mixed specimen displayed the greatest strength after 7 days. To conclude, Dobak‐glue is an eco‐friendly material, and it can be very useful in compensating for the structural shortcomings of soil.
Research on a Good Life and Coordinated Development Based on Intelligent Communication and k-Means Algorithm
Authors: Mu Huaiqin
Published: January 2022

Due to the rapid development of society and economy, people have more and more urgent needs for a better life and coordinated development between regions. However, research on people’s good life and coordinated development based on new era technologies such as intelligent communication is not sufficient. The future of smart communications technology will be all over the place, from television to mobile phones and the Internet, and ICT is making the world look new, helping hundreds of millions of people to live, work, and play in the most creative ways. At the same time, ICT is managing cities in innovative ways, especially in an increasingly integrated information society, exchanging information knowledge and communicating on the move. In order to understand the impact of intelligent communication on people’s good life and coordinated development research, this paper uses intelligent communication and k-means algorithm-based methods to study people’s good life and coordinated development and conducts questionnaire surveys and constructs corresponding evaluation indicators analysis. The results showed that 36% of the respondents were satisfied with the housing environment, 24% were relatively satisfied, 76% were satisfied with the greening environment, and 13% were relatively satisfied. 41% of people are satisfied with their health, and 32% are satisfied with their work status. This shows that people’s good life and coordinated development are inseparable from rapid economic development, but rapid economic development alone is far from enough because rapid economic development can improve people’s material living conditions, but not necessarily promote people’s life coordination in the spiritual world. Therefore, for people’s good life and coordinated development, the improvement of material economy and the construction of spiritual level are indispensable.