bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Access to Isoindolinones via Carbamoyl Radical Cyclization. Synthesis of Cichorine (VI) and 4‐Hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐one (VII) Natural Products.
Authors: Lopez‐Valdez German , Olguin‐Uribe Simon , Millan‐Ortiz Alejandra , Gamez‐Montano Rocio , Miranda Luis D.
Published: July 2011

An efficient access towards isoindolinones (V) is presented, involving the synthesis of thermally stable carbamoylxanthates (IV) from N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐benzylamines (I), the generation of the corresponding carbamoyl radicals and their cyclization—rearomatization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐SPRIX Catalyzed Enantioselective Construction of Pyrrolizines/Pyrroloindoles Employing Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant.
Authors: Ramalingan Chennan , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: July 2011

The reaction is applied to the enantioselective construction of pyrrolizines (II) and pyrroloindoles (IV) via intramolecular C—N and C—C bon formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Strain‐Promoted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Diazo Compounds with Cyclooctynes.
Authors: Moran Joseph , McKay Craig S. , Pezacki John Paul
Published: July 2011

Reactions of cyclooctyne with diazoalkanes (IVa) and (VI) containing electron‐donating groups proceed with very high reaction rates which are comparable to those obtained in analogous cycloaddition reactions employing azides or nitrones.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Reaction Between Acenaphthoquinone, Various Benzils and Ammonium Acetate: Synthesis of 9,10‐Diaryl‐7H‐benzo[d,e]imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Mohammadi Bagher , Ansari Samira , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Zhu Long‐Guan
Published: July 2011

The highly fluorescent products may be of interest in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Heteropoly Acids Offering Strong Option for Efficient and Cleaner Processing for the Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Mahdavi Houri , Joshaghani Mohammad
Published: July 2011

The reaction is best catalyzed by the silica‐supported 12‐phosphotungstic acid and provides a wide range of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Dicyanoderivatives of Rhodanine.
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Insuasty Alberto , Tigreros Alexis , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo , Derita Marcos , Zacchino Susana
Published: July 2011

A series of novel rhodanine derivatives (III) is synthesized by condensation of thiazolone (I) with aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Azole, Pyrimidine, Pyran, and Benzo/Naphtho[b]furan Derivatives Incorporating Thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole Moiety.
Authors: Farag Ahmad M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Hamdy Nehal A. , Fakhr Issa M. I.
Published: July 2011

Enamine (I) is used as versatile building block for several novel substitution and condensation products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Hydrazone Derivatives via Cyclization of Thiosemicarbazone with ω‐Bromoacetophenone.
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Tao Chuanzhou , Tang Lijuan , Li Jie , Jin Yan , Zhao Yueqiang , Hu Hongwen
Published: July 2011

An efficient and convenient method to synthesize a new class of thiosemicarbazone derivatives (III) containing a thiazole moiety is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pentacyclic Ring Systems: Intramolecular Cyclization of o,o′‐Disubstituted Bibenzothiazoles.
Authors: Racane Livio , Cicak Helena , Mihalic Zlatko , Karminski‐Zamola Grace , Tralic‐Kulenovic Vesna
Published: July 2011

Methods for the cyclization of isomeric o,o′‐diaminobis(benzothiazoles) (III) and (VIII) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Properties of New Thiosemicarbazide (VI) and 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives (VII).
Authors: Popiolek Lukasz , Dobosz Maria , Chodkowska Anna , Jagiello‐Wojtowicz Ewa , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna , Mazur Liliana , Rzaczynska Zofia
Published: July 2011

Some thiosemicarbazides, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Aminomethyl‐Substituted 2‐Bromo‐5,6‐dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Klen E. E. , Khaliullin F. A.
Published: July 2011

The opening of the thiirane ring proceeds consistently with Krasusky rule.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2‐(2‐Methylsulfonyl‐1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl)‐5‐ (alkylsulfonyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Javidnia Azita , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Firoozpour Loghman , Khoobi Mehdi , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: July 2011

Thiadiazole derivatives (VI) and (VII) are prepared as potential antimicrobial agents.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzochromeno‐pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Saeedi Mina , Beheshtiha Yahya S. , Oskooie Hossein A.
Published: July 2011

The reaction of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with naphthols and 3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one requires the presence of sulfamic acid as a catalyst and affords the target compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Organic Contact Ion Pairs in Metal‐Free Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Uria Uxue , Lin Ming‐Yuan , Atodiresei Iuliana
Published: July 2011

An unprecedented asymmetric Broensted acid‐catalyzed intramolecular alkylation leading to benzopyran derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Candida antarctica Lipase B‐Catalyzed the Unprecedented Three‐Component Hantzsch‐Type Reaction of Aldehyde with Acetamide and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds in Non‐Aqueous Solvent.
Authors: Wang Jun‐Liang , Liu Bo‐Kai , Yin Cui , Wu Qi , Lin Xian‐Fu
Published: July 2011

Hantzsch‐type reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes proceeds smoothly in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase‐B using acetamide as a nitrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Magnesium Nitride for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 1,4‐Dihydropyridines via the Hantzsch Reaction.
Authors: Long Sha , Panunzio Mauro , Petroli Alessandra , Qin Wenling , Xia Zhining
Published: July 2011

Magnesium nitride is used as ammonia source for the Hantzsch synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines such as (III) having chiral alcohols in the ester functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cation Salts Induced Domino Reaction of Anilines with Enol Ethers: Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Jia Xiao Dong , Ren Yan , Huo Cong Dde , Wang Wen Juan , Chen Xiang Ning , Fu Qiong , Wang Xi Cun
Published: July 2011

Stable BNS is applied for the reaction to provide tetrahydroquinolines (III) and (IV) or their protected derivatives (V) and (VI) depending on the amount of cyclic enol ether.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reaction of Quinolinyl (or Pyridinyl)phosphonium Salts with Base and Pivalaldehyde.
Authors: Shimada Minami , Sugimoto Osamu , Sato Akihiro , Tanji Ken‐ichi
Published: July 2011

The reactions of the compounds (III), (VIII), and (XII) with pivalaldehyde (IV) leads to elimination of the heteroaryl group which is trapped by aldehyde or proton.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines: An Umpolung Strategy.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Omote Masato , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2011

Axially chiral dicarboxylic acids (I) exhibit high catalytic activity in the title reaction of dihydroisoquinoline derivatives (II) with vinyl ether (III) to give the cycloadducts exclusively as exo‐isomers with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyano‐2,3‐dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridine Derivatives via a Domino‐Knoevenagel‐Cyclization.
Authors: Marandi Ghasem , Maghsoodlou Malek T. , Hazeri Nourallah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed M. , Torbati Niloufar Akbarzadeh , Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Skelton Brian W. , Makha Mohamed
Published: July 2011

The target compounds are prepared under mild conditions from benzaldehyde derivatives (I)/(VI), phenanthridine (II), isocyanides (III) and malononitrile (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Diarylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (III) from Isoflavones (I)
Authors: Zhang Zun‐Ting , Ma Yu‐Qing , Liang Yong , Xue Dong , He Qing
Published: July 2011

20 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry Approaches to the Regioselective Synthesis of Spiro Heterobicyclic Rings Using Iodine as a New and Efficient Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Prajapat Dipak , Bhuyan Debajyoti , Gohain Mukut , Hu Wenhao
Published: July 2011

The reaction of aryl aldehydes, urea or thiourea and barbituric acid derivatives leads to spiropyrimidine barbituric compounds under microwave conditions in the presence of iodine only without any solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted C6‐Alkylation of Purines Through SNAr‐Based Reaction of 6‐Chloropurines with 3‐Alkyl‐acetylacetone.
Authors: Guo Hai‐Ming , Zhang Yu , Niu Hong‐Ying , Wang Dong‐Chao , Chu Zhi‐Liang , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: July 2011

The method is more attractive than previously reported ones due to the simplicity, the absence of an expensive catalyst and ligand, a short reaction time and the generality.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazines and Their Fungicidal Activities.
Authors: Tang Zilong , Chen Weiwen , Zhu Zhonghua , Liu Hanwen
Published: July 2011

A series of novel benzoxazines (III) (15 examples) is synthesized by SnCl4‐catalyzed reaction of o‐aminomethylphenols (I) with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Aqueous Phase Synthesis of N‐Substituted Azepines via Tandem Michael Addition and Cyclization in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin.
Authors: Ramesh K. , Murthy S. Narayana , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: July 2011

Various azepine derivatives can be prepared with high yields in the presence of diesters (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Functionality of 4‐Amino‐5‐hydrazinyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol in Synthesis of New Fused Triazolotriazines and Triazolotriazepines of Potential Gram Negative Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Gad Gamal F. M.
Published: July 2011

A variety of novel triazepines, triazines and triazoles fused with a triazole ring are synthesized using the binucleophilic centered title hydrazinotriazolethiol (I) as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Configurationally Stable Troeger Bases.
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Guenee Laure , Naubron Jean‐Valere , Lacour Jerome
Published: July 2011

Ethano‐bridged Trger bases bearing a quaternary stereocenter are directly synthesized in a single step by the rhodium(II)‐catalyzed reaction of Trger base (I) and diazo esters (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazepine‐2(1H)‐thiones from 2‐(2‐Isocyanophenyl)ethanols via the Corresponding Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Fukamachi Shuhei , Konishi Hisatoshi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro
Published: July 2011

An efficient and mild synthesis of the title compounds (II) from the easily by known procedures available compounds (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of a Preactivated sp2—sp3 Diboron Reagent: Catalytic Regioselective Boration of α,β‐Unsaturated Conjugated Compounds.
Authors: Gao Ming , Thorpe Steven B. , Kleeberg Christian , Slebodnick Carla , Marder Todd B. , Santos Webster L.
Published: July 2011

The diborane (II) is an efficient reagent for the Cu‐catalyzed β‐boration of various α,β‐unsaturated ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, and nitriles to produce synthetically important organo‐boron compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Acetal‐Type Protective Groups in Combination with TMSOTf and 2,2′‐Bipyridyl; Mild and Chemoselective Deprotection and Direct Conversion to Other Protective Groups.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Minamitsuji Yutaka , Kubo Ozora , Senami Kento , Maegawa Tomohiro
Published: July 2011

The protocol for the selective deprotection of a variety of Mom‐, Mem‐, Sem‐ and ‐CH2OBn protected alcohols is developed using TmsOTf or TesOTf with comparable results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Novel 15‐Alkyl/Aryl‐13,17‐dihydro‐15λ5‐dibenzo[e,k] [1,3,7,10,2]dioxadiazaphosphacyclotridecin‐15‐selones/thiones/ones.
Authors: Naidu K. Reddi Mohan , Kumar M. Anil , Dadapeer E. , Babu K. Ramesh , Raju C. Naga , Ghosh S. K.
Published: July 2011

The novel 13‐membered P‐heterocycles exhibit promising antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nortriterpenoids form Aphanamixis grandifolia.
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Jun‐Song , Luo Jun , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: July 2011

Four novel tircullane‐type nortriterpenoids (I)—(IV) are isolated together with previously known mombasol.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrophen, a Novel Glycyrrhetyl Amino Acid from Dendronephthya hemprichi
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , Shaaban Khaled A. , Abd‐Alla Howaida I. , Hanna Atef G. , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: July 2011

isolation, structure determination and biological activity of dendrophen (I) and the new polyhydroxysterol, dendrotriol (II)
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Total Synthesis of Pentosidine.
Authors: Liu Yahua , Zhang Weihan , Sayre Lawrence M.
Published: July 2011

Title compound (VIII), an important fluorescence marker for diabetic complications and oxidative damage, is synthesized via an alternative route.
ChemInform Abstract: Neolamarckines A and B, New Indole Alkaloids from Neolamarckia cadamba.
Authors: Mukhtar Mat Ropi , et al. et al.
Published: July 2011

Neolamarckine A (I) shows dose dependent moderate inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Designed Chiral Acyclonucleosides and Acyclonucleotides by Organocatalytic Aza‐Michael Addition.
Authors: Guo Hai‐Ming , Yuan Teng‐Fei , Niu Hong‐Ying , Liu Jin‐Ying , Mao Run‐Ze , Li De‐Yang , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: July 2011

Organocatalytic aza‐Michael addition of purine bases (I) towards enals (II) is successfully applied for the first time to give acyclonucleosides (III) in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Catechin Trimer Derivative Using Silver Lewis Acid‐Mediated Equimolar Condensation.
Authors: Oizumi Yukiko , Mohri Yoshihiro , Hattori Yasunao , Makabe Hidefumi
Published: July 2011

The title compound (III) can be converted into procyanidin C2 by known procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Hydroperoxydihydrochalcone in the Etlingera Genus: Etlinglittoralin from the Rhizomes of Etlingera littoralis.
Authors: Jeerapong Chotika , Cheenpracha Sarot , Maneerat Wisanu , Prawat Uma , Kruahong Thongchai , Laphookhieo Surat
Published: July 2011

The title compound (I) is isolated together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An α‐Carboline‐Containing Host Material for High‐Efficiency Blue and Green Phosphorescent OLEDs.
Authors: Motoyama Takao , Sasabe Hisahiro , Seino Yuki , Takamatsu Jun‐ichi , Kido Junji
Published: July 2011

A novel and high‐performance host material (I) for phosphorescent OLEDs is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction ‐ Frontiers in Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Xu Ruren
Published: July 2011

Review: 7 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Metal—Hydrogen Systems under High Hydrogen Pressure
Authors: Filipek Stanislaw M. , Sato Ryutaro , Wierzbicki Rafal , Marchuk Iryna
Published: July 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Nano‐Sized Ferroelectrics via Mechanochemical Activation
Authors: Kong L. B. , Xu Z. , Zhang T. S.
Published: July 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Transformations of Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Moon Geon Dae , Ko Sungwook , Min Yuho , Zeng Jie , Xia Younan , Jeong Unyong
Published: July 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Applications of [Cis‐dioxomolybdenum(VI)‐(ONO)] Type Complexes
Authors: Chakravarthy Rajan Deepan , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: July 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for the Synthesis of Haloimidazoles
Authors: Aleksandrova E. V. , Kravchenko A. N. , Kochergin P. M.
Published: July 2011

Review: methods for the production of the title compounds in the last 55—60 years; 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazolin‐4‐ylidenes: A New Class of Intriguing Ligands
Authors: Han Yuan , Huynh Han Vinh
Published: July 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] Cycloadditions of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles with Alkenes
Authors: Margetic D. , Troselj P. , Johnston M. R.
Published: July 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridopyrazines
Authors: Zhang J.
Published: July 2011

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzothiazoles
Authors: Ulrich H.
Published: July 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazoles
Authors: Koutentis P. A. , Ioannidou H. A.
Published: July 2011

Review: 493 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothiazoles
Authors: Sainsbury M.
Published: July 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Benzisoxazoles and Related Compounds
Authors: Hartinger S.
Published: July 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazoles
Authors: Margaretha P.
Published: July 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenophenes
Authors: Schatz J. , Sesler M.
Published: July 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarenes
Authors: Waldvogel S. R.
Published: July 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: A Promising Synthetic Tool
Authors: Gagosz Fabien
Published: July 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Behavior of Au and Pt Catalysts for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Serna Pedro , Boronat Mercedes , Corma Avelino
Published: July 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Boundaries in the Field of Supramolecular Synthons
Authors: Merz Klaus , Vasylyeva Vera
Published: July 2011

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Electronic Effect of Catalysts on the Enantioselectivity: Applicability and Complexity
Authors: Xu Jiaxi
Published: July 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Dimerization of Tetraurea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Rudzevich Yuliya , Rudzevich Valentyn , Bohmer Volker
Published: July 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Rhenium Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: July 2011

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilities and Reactivities of Carbocations
Authors: O'Ferrall Rory More
Published: July 2011

Review: 309 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear‐Chemical Generation of Si and Ge‐Centered Cations
Authors: Kochina T. A. , Voronkov M. G. , Vrazhnov D. V. , Zelenin A. K.
Published: July 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intra‐ and Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Push‐Pull Dienynes
Authors: Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A.
Published: July 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry under Microwave or Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Barge Alessandro , Tagliapietra Silvia , Binello Arianna , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: July 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Roles of Histamine in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma and Reevaluation of the Clinical Usefulness of Antihistamines
Authors: Yamauchi Kohei , Shikanai Toshiki , Nakamura Yutaka , Kobayashi Hitoshi , Ogasawara Masahito , Maeyama Kazutaka
Published: July 2011

Review: 7 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Synthetic Receptors as Regulators of Protein Activity
Authors: Dutt Som , Wilch Constanze , Schrader Thomas
Published: July 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Sepiamelanin to Chemical Ecology of Opisthobranchs and Diatoms: An Exciting 40 Years Game in the Field of Marine Natural Products
Authors: Cimino Guido
Published: July 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Molecule Microarrays: The First Decade and Beyond
Authors: Wu Hao , Ge Jingyan , Uttamchandani Mahesh , Yao Shao Q.
Published: July 2011

Review: design, synthesis and application, 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bufadienolides and their Antitumor Activity
Authors: Gao Huimin , Popescu Ruxandra , Kopp Brigitte , Wang Zhimin
Published: July 2011

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetic Marker of Statin‐Induced Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Chiba Kan , Morimoto Kaori
Published: July 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes
Authors: Vu Diep , Kuo Jeff
Published: July 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrocatalysis: Principles, Nanoemitter Applications and Routes to Bioinspired Systems
Authors: Lewerenz H. J. , Heine C. , Skorupska K. , Szabo N. , Hannappel T. , Vo‐Dinh T. , Campbell S. A. , Klemm H. W. , Munoz A. G.
Published: July 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosides as Compatible Solutes: Biosynthesis and Applications
Authors: Luley‐Goedl Christiane , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: July 2011

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils and Cancer. Intense and Sustained Neutrophilia as a Treatment Against Solid Tumors
Authors: Souto Juan Carlos , Vila Luis , Bru Antonio
Published: July 2011

Review: 442 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selection and Design of Membrane Bioreactors in Environmental Bioengineering
Authors: Guglielmi Giuseppe , Andreottola Gianni
Published: July 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anaerobic Digestion in Suspended Growth Bioreactors
Authors: Lyberatos Gerasimos , Pullammanappallil Pratap C.
Published: July 2011

Review: 128 refs.
A methodology for determining optimal thermal damage in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia cancer treatment
Authors: Mital Manu , Tafreshi Hooman V.
Published: July 2011

Hyperthermia treatment of tumors uses localized heating to damage cancer cells and can also be utilized to increase the efficacy of other treatment methods such as chemotherapy. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is one of the least invasive techniques of delivering heat. It is based on injecting magnetic nanoparticles into the tumor and subjecting them to an alternating magnetic field. The technique is aimed at damaging the tumor without affecting the surrounding healthy tissue. In this preliminary study, we consider a simplified model (two concentric spheres that represent the tumor and its surrounding tissues) that employs a numerical solution of the Pennes bioheat equation. The model assumes a Gaussian distribution for the spatial variation of the applied thermal energy and an exponential decay function for the time variation. The objective of the study is to optimize the parameters that control the spatial and the time variation of the thermal energy. The optimization process is performed by formulating a fitness function that rewards damage in the region representing the tumor but penalizes damage in the surrounding tissues. Because of the flatness of this fitness function near the optimum, a genetic algorithm is used as the optimization method for its robust non‐gradient‐based approach. The overall aim of this work is to propose a methodology that can be used for hyperthermia treatment in a clinical scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photon Counting Histogram Analysis for Two‐Dimensional Systems
Authors: Anikovsky Max , Wiltshire Zach D. , Weisshart Klaus , Petersen Nils O.
Published: July 2011

Photon counting statistics in 3D photon counting histogram analysis for one‐photon excitation is a function of the number of molecules of particular brightness in the excitation‐detection volume of a confocal microscope. In mathematical form that volume is approximated by a three‐dimensional Gaussian function which is embedded in the PCH theoretical equations. PCH theory assumes that a molecule can be found anywhere inside the excitation‐detection volume with equal probability. However, one can easily imagine systems in which this assumption is violated because molecules are constrained by the geometry of the sample. For example, molecules on a surface or in a membrane would be constrained to two dimensions. To enable the analysis of such systems by PCH, the theoretical framework requires modification. Herein, we present an extension of the PCH analysis to systems where molecules exist in thin structures that are effectively two‐dimensional. The method, aptly called two‐dimensional photon counting histogram (2D PCH), recovers the number of fluorescent particles per unit area and their molecular brightness. Both theoretical background and experimental results are presented. The theory was tested using computer‐simulated and experimental 2D PCHs obtained from confocal experiments. We demonstrate that this modification of the theoretical framework provides a tool to extract data that reveal states of aggregation, surface photophysics, and reactivity.
Pioneering studies on the mechanisms of axonal regeneration
Authors: Snow Diane M.
Published: July 2011

While ultimately, focus must be placed on experimentation using adult systems, vastly important clues to regeneration can be found in the study of the embryonic nervous system. In embryonic systems, axonal regeneration is successful before a critical period, and numerous advances have resulted from the study of isolated cells and tissues in vitro. Studies over many decades from the laboratory of Paul C. Letourneau have probed the cellular and molecular phenomena involved in axon outgrowth and guidance in the embryonic central and peripheral nervous system and have laid the framework for many current advances in regeneration research. Letourneau's pioneering work related to growth cone behavior, guidance, and regeneration has resulted in considerable contributions toward our understanding not only of cellular mechanisms that underlie axon growth, but also of the specific areas of study that require attention to accomplish future breakthroughs. The present article summarizes some of the major contributions from Paul Letourneau and his team in the area of axonal regeneration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2011
Sex differences in the effectiveness of treadmill training in enhancing axon regeneration in injured peripheral nerves
Authors: Wood Kylene , Wilhelm Jennifer C. , Sabatier Manning J. , Liu Kevin , Gu Jingsheng , English Arthur W.
Published: July 2011

Exercise in the form of daily treadmill training results in significant enhancement of axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. Because androgens are also linked to enhanced axon regeneration, we wanted to investigate whether sex differences in the effect of treadmill training might exist. The common fibular nerves of thy‐1‐YFP‐H mice were cut and repaired with a graft of the same nerve from a strain‐matched wild‐type donor mouse. Animals were treated with one of two daily treadmill training paradigms: slow continuous walking for 1 h or four higher intensity intervals of 2 min duration separated by 5‐min rest periods. Training was begun on the third day following nerve injury and continued 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Effects on regeneration were evaluated by measuring regenerating axon profile lengths in optical sections through the repair sites and grafts at the end of the training period. No sex differences were found in untrained control mice. Continuous training resulted in significant enhancement of axon regeneration only in males. No effect was found in females or in castrated males. Interval training was effective in enhancing axon regeneration only in females and not in intact males or castrated males. Untrained females treated with the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, had significant enhancement of axon regeneration without increasing serum testosterone levels. Two different mechanisms exist to promote axon regeneration in a sex‐dependent manner. In males treadmill training uses testicular androgens. In females, a different cellular mechanism for the effect of treadmill training must exist. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 688–698, 2012
Regulation of T‐cell survival and mitochondrial homeostasis by TSC1
Authors: O'Brien Thomas F. , Gorentla Balachandra K. , Xie Danli , Srivatsan Sruti , McLeod Ian X. , He You‐Wen , Zhong Xiao‐Ping
Published: July 2011

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. It associates with multiple proteins and forms two distinct signaling complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Accumulating evidence has revealed critical roles for intact mTOR signaling during T‐cell activation and responses to microbial infection. However, the importance of mTOR regulation in T cells has yet to be explored. The TSC1/TSC2 complex has been shown to inhibit mTORC1 signaling in cell line models. We show here that deletion of TSC1 in the murine T‐cell lineage results in a dramatic reduction of the peripheral T‐cell pool, correlating with increased cell death. While mTORC1 is constitutively activated, mTORC2 signaling, reflected by Akt phosphorylation and activity, is decreased in TSC1‐deficient T cells. Furthermore, TSC1‐deficient T cells contain elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibit decreased mitochondrial content and membrane potential, which is correlated with the activation of the intrinsic death pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate that TSC1 differentially regulates mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity, promotes T‐cell survival, and is critical for normal mitochondrial homeostasis in T cells.
Arginine depletion as a mechanism for the immune privilege of corneal allografts
Authors: Fu Hongmei , Khan Adnan , Coe David , Zaher Sarah , Chai Jian‐Guo , Kropf Pascale , Müller Ingrid , Larkin Daniel F. P. , George Andrew J. T.
Published: July 2011

The cornea is an immune privileged tissue. Since arginase has been found to modulate T‐cell function by depleting arginine, we investigated the expression of arginase in the cornea and its possible role in immune privilege using a murine transplant model. We found that both the endothelium and epithelium of murine corneas express functional arginase I, capable of down‐regulating T‐cell proliferation in an in vitro culture system. The administration of the specific arginase inhibitor N‐hydroxy‐nor‐L‐Arg to recipient mice resulted in an accelerated rejection of allogeneic C57BL/6 (B6) corneal grafts. In contrast, in vivo blockade of arginase activity had no effect in altering the course of rejection of primary skin grafts that express little, if any, arginase. In addition, the inhibition of arginase did not alter systemic T‐cell proliferation. These data show that arginase is functional in the cornea and contributes to the immune privilege of the eye, and that modulation of arginase contributes to graft survival.
The consequences of pain: The social and physical pain overlap on psychological responses
Authors: Riva Paolo , Wirth James H. , Williams Kipling D.
Published: July 2011

Current theories suggest that social and physical pain overlap in their neurological and physiological outcomes. We investigated how social and physical pain overlap in their psychological responses by testing the hypothesis that both social and physical pain would thwart satisfaction on four human needs, worsen mood, and increase desire to aggress. In Experiment 1, recalling an experience of social or physical pain produced overlapping effects in the form of thwarted self‐esteem and control needs and increased negative affect and desire to aggress. In Experiment 2, we induced social (Cyberball ostracism) or physical pain (cold pressor) within the laboratory session, and found that both pain types produced feelings of being ignored and excluded, and thwarted belonging, self‐esteem, control, and meaningful existence. Our results provide further support to pain overlap theories and indicate that social and physical pain cause common psychological consequences, resulting in new ways to understand and manage pain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical studies of electrically induced pattern formation by coupling liquid dielectrophoresis and two‐phase flow
Authors: Tian Hongmiao , Shao Jinyou , Ding Yucheng , Li Xin , Li Xiangming
Published: July 2011

Electrically induced patterning process, as a novel micro‐ or nano‐structuring approach for fabrication of various micro‐ or nano‐systems, is usually implemented by applying a voltage to an electrode pair consisting of a patterned or non‐patterned template and a polymer‐coated substrate separated in parallel by an air gap, followed by photo‐ or thermo‐curing of the fluidic and dielectric polymer. The analyses performed so far to characterize this patterning process have been based on linear thermodynamics for a thermally instable thin film perturbed by an electrostatically induced hydraulic pressure. For mathematical simplicity, these analyses were formulated only for a flat template and a flat film surface with infinite planar area, demonstrating the tendency of initial pattern growth on the polymer film, but being unable to visualize the dynamic evolution of micro‐ or nano‐structure growth throughout the patterning process for a real‐life template in practical applications. This paper attempts to provide another insight into this patterning process from a viewpoint of liquid dielectrophoresis (L‐DEP), by presenting an approach for numerical simulation of the patterning process based on a coupling of L‐DEP and two‐phase flow theories. First, a numerical analysis has been made for the electrocoalescence of a water droplet with bottom water in silicone oil to benchmark effectiveness of the proposed numerical approach against published experimental observations. More numerical results have then been provided to show effects of some process variables on the evolution of the polymer micro‐ or nano‐structures for this patterning process.
Effects of subchronic exposure of early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to copper, cadmium, and zinc
Authors: Vardy David W , Tompsett Amber R , Sigurdson Jacinda L , Doering Jon A , Zhang Xiaowei , Giesy John P , Hecker Markus
Published: July 2011

Populations of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) are declining in many places in the world because of several potential factors, including overharvesting, habitat alteration, and pollution. In North America, populations of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) have been experiencing poor annual recruitment in major river systems for more than three decades. Metal pollution has been hypothesized as a potential contributing factor to the poor recruitment in some of the water bodies. In general, little is known about the toxicity of metals such as Cu, Cd, and Zn to white sturgeon and their potential influence on survival of embryos and juveniles. The present study was conducted to establish baseline toxicity data for the subchronic exposure of early life stages of white sturgeon to Cu, Cd, and Zn that can be used in metal-related risk assessments. Embryos, larvae, and fry were exposed to increasing concentrations of dissolved Cu, Cd, or Zn for 66 d using laboratory-based flow-through exposure systems. Hatching success was greater than 79% for all controls, and no significant differences were observed among treatment groups or between treatments and controls. Chronic lethal concentrations at which 20% mortality occurred (LC20s) for Cd (1.5 µg/L), Cu (5.5 µg/L), and Zn (112 µg/L) obtained for white sturgeon in the present study were comparable to those of sensitive salmonid species. Based on LC20 values for 19 or 58 d posthatch white sturgeon, the United States national ambient water quality criteria and the Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life that have been established for Cd, Cu, and Zn protect white sturgeon early life stages. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2497–2505. © 2011 SETAC
Boundary layer flow of a Jeffrey fluid with convective boundary conditions
Authors: Hayat T. , Asad Sadia , Qasim M. , Hendi Awatif A.
Published: July 2011

The boundary layer stretched flow of a Jeffrey fluid subject to the convective boundary conditions was investigated. The governing dimensionless problems were computed by using the homotopy analysis approach. Convergence of the derived solutions was checked and the influence of embedded parameters was analyzed by plotting graphs. It was noticed that the velocity increases with an increase in the Deborah number. Furthermore, it was found that the temperature is also an increasing function of the Biot number. We further found that for fixed values of other parameters, the local Nusselt number increases by increasing the suction parameter and Deborah number. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt numbers were computed and examined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey‐six constant fluid in a uniform inclined tube
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher , Malik M.Y. , Lee Changhoon
Published: July 2011

In this work, we studied the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey‐six constant fluid in a uniform tube. The governing equations of the Jeffrey‐six constant fluid were simplified by using the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number approximation. The simplified form of equations were solved using the perturbation, homotopy analysis and finite difference methods. The comparison of the three solutions are shown graphically. The variation of pressure rise and frictional forces with the different parameters were also examined numerically. Results are presented at the end of the article. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress
Authors: Hawley Darby F. , Leasure J. Leigh
Published: July 2011

The objective of the present study was to determine whether chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) would induce hippocampal neuroplasticity in a region‐specific manner. Recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus has two functionally distinct subsections. The dorsal (septal) portion appears to be primarily associated with spatial navigation, while the ventral (temporal) region has been linked to affect‐related functions, such as anxiety. Chronic stress has previously been shown to negatively affect the hippocampus by decreasing survival of progenitor cells, although it has also been shown to increase adaptive responses, such as increased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ΔFosB. Whether such events occur in a region‐specific manner has not been investigated. We hypothesized that CUS would selectively impact cell survival, NPY, and ΔFosB expression in the more affect‐related ventral subregion. Individually housed Long‐Evans rats (n = 31) were divided into two groups: stressed and control. Stressed animals were exposed daily to an unpredictable schedule of ethologically relevant stressors, such as predator odors, forced swim, and open field exposure. All rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily during the first 5 days of CUS in order to label dividing progenitor cells. Unbiased stereology was used to quantify BrdU+, NPY+, and ΔFosB+ cells in dorsal and ventral hippocampal subregions. In support of our hypothesis, we found that CUS selectively decreased cell survival in the ventral subregion. However, both NPY and ΔFosB were significantly increased only in the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that stress‐induced adaptive neuroplasticity occurs primarily in the dorsal subregion, which may coincide with behavioral aspects of the stress response, such as avoidance or amelioration of the stressor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulations on heat conduction in nano‐porous Si
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Miyazaki Koji , Tsukamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

We investigated heat conduction in a nano‐porous silicon by molecular‐dynamics simulations (MDs). We calculated the phonon dispersion curves of the nano‐structured Si to understand the effects of nano‐structures on phonon properties, such as phonon group velocity and phonon density of states. The dispersion curves were calculated from MD's results by using the 2D time–space Fourier transformation. Frequency gaps in phonon dispersion curves reduce the phonon group velocity in the periodic nano‐porous structures. Moreover the group velocity of phonon was reduced due to new phonon modes even though the nano‐porous was random. The results showed that nano‐porous structures reduce the thermal conductivity as well as super lattices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20370
Energy supply performance and environmental load‐reduction effect of a cogeneration system for an apartment building using distributed heat storage technology
Authors: Yamaguchi Hideki , Morita Hikaru , Asano Hitoshi , Hisazumi Yoshinori
Published: July 2011

In order to make distributed generation systems for apartment buildings economically viable, it is essential to develop an efficient and low‐cost heat supply system. We are developing a new cogeneration system (Neighboring CoGeneration system: NCG system). The key concept of this system is to install a heat storage unit for the hot water supply, floor heating, and bath heating in each house, and to connect the heat storage units by a single‐loop hot water pipe. The system leads to time leveling of the total heat supply and reduced installation costs. Furthermore, it is expected that the cogeneration can operate according to electrical demand because of the large heat storage capacity of the system. In this study, a dynamic simulation model is developed to evaluate the performance and environmental load‐reduction effect of the NCG system for 50 households. The results show that the NCG system can supply sufficient heat for peak demand in winter and reduce annual CO2 emissions by 23% on average. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 745–757, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20376
Moral and Group‐based Criteria in Children's Evaluation of Peers after Transgressions
Authors: Atkin Lisa Marie , Gummerum Michaela
Published: July 2011

The present study investigated how group membership criteria and moral understanding can affect children's evaluations of peers after different types of transgressions. In all, the study included 47 participants attending a junior school in Cornwall. All participants were allocated to an in‐group and responded to a number of questions which tested intergroup bias and the differential evaluation of norm‐violating peers from the in‐group and the out‐group. Overall, moral transgressions (physical and relational aggression) were evaluated more negatively than a social‐conventional transgression. However, those who violated group norms by expressing positive attitudes towards the out‐group were viewed differently depending on both moral and group‐based criteria. These different criteria for evaluating peers were uncorrelated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UDCA slows down intestinal cell proliferation by inducing high and sustained ERK phosphorylation
Authors: Krishna‐Subramanian S. , Hanski M.L. , Loddenkemper C. , Choudhary B. , Pagès G. , Zeitz M. , Hanski C.
Published: July 2011

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) attenuates colon carcinogenesis in humans and in animal models by an unknown mechanism. We investigated UDCA effects on normal intestinal epithelium in vivo and in vitro to identify the potential chemopreventive mechanism. Feeding of mice with 0.4% UDCA reduced cell proliferation to 50% and suppressed several potential proproliferatory genes including insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs‐1). A similar transcriptional response was observed in the rat intestinal cell line IEC‐6 which was then used as an in vitro model. UDCA slowed down the proliferation of IEC‐6 cells and induced sustained hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 kinases which completely inhibited the proproliferatory effects of EGF and IGF‐1. The hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 led to a transcriptional suppression of the Irs‐1 gene. Both, the hyperphosphorylation of ERK as well as the suppression of Irs‐1 were sufficient to inhibit proliferation of IEC‐6 cells. ERK1/ERK2 inhibition in vitro or ERK1 elimination in vitro or in vivo abrogated the antiproliferatory effects of UDCA. We show that UDCA inhibits proliferation of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cells by inducing a sustained hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 kinase which slows down the cell cycle and reduces expression of Irs‐1 protein. These data extend our understanding of the physiological and potentially chemopreventive effects of UDCA and identify new targets for chemoprevention.
Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults
Authors: Borena Wegene , Strohmaier Susanne , Lukanova Annekatrin , Bjørge Tone , Lindkvist Björn , Hallmans Goran , Edlinger Michael , Stocks Tanja , Nagel Gabriele , Manjer Jonas , Engeland Anders , Selmer Randi , Häggström Christel , Tretli Steinar , Concin Hans , Jonsson Håkan , Stattin Pär , Ulmer Hanno
Published: July 2011

Initial studies have indicated diabetes and obesity to be risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma; but the association between other metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been investigated. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me‐Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria and Sweden with data on 578,700 subjects. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of PLC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as continuous standardized variables (z‐score with mean = 0 and standard deviation (SD) = 1) and their standardized sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z‐score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During an average follow‐up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 266 PLCs were diagnosed among cohort members. RR of liver cancer per unit increment of z‐score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI and stratified by birth year, sex and sub‐cohorts, was for BMI 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.58), mid blood pressure 2.08 (0.95–4.73), blood glucose 2.13 (1.55–2.94) cholesterol 0.62 (0.51–0.76) and serum triglycerides 0.85 (0.65–1.10). The RR per one unit increment of the MetS z‐score was 1.35 (1.12–1.61). BMI, glucose and a composite MetS score were positively and cholesterol negatively associated with risk of liver cancer.
Characterization of a new trabectedin‐resistant myxoid liposarcoma cell line that shows collateral sensitivity to methylating agents
Authors: Uboldi S. , Bernasconi S. , Romano M. , Marchini S. , Fuso Nerini I. , Damia G. , Ganzinelli M. , Marangon E. , Sala F. , Clivio L. , Chiorino G. , Giandomenico S. Di , Rocchi M. , Capozzi O. , Margison G.P. , Watson A.J. , Caccuri A.M. , Pastore A. , Fossati A. , Mantovani R. , Grosso F. , Tercero J.C. , Erba E. , D'Incalci M.
Published: July 2011

Myxoid Liposarcomas (MLS), characterized by the expression of FUS‐CHOP fusion gene are clinically very sensitive to the DNA binding antitumor agent, trabectedin. However, resistance eventually occurs, preventing disease eradication. To investigate the mechanisms of resistance, a trabectedin resistant cell line, 402‐91/ET, was developed. The resistance to trabectedin was not related to the expression of MDR related proteins, uptake/efflux of trabectedin or GSH levels that were similar in parental and resistant cells. The 402‐91/ET cells were hypersensitive to UV light because of a nucleotide excision repair defect: XPG complementation decreased sensitivity to UV rays, but only partially to trabectedin. 402‐91/ET cells showed collateral sensitivity to temozolomide due to the lack of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, related to the hypermethylation of MGMT promoter. In 402‐91 cells chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that FUS‐CHOP was bound to the PTX3 and FN1 gene promoters, as previously described, and trabectedin caused FUS‐CHOP detachment from DNA. Here we report that, in contrast, in 402‐91/ET cells, FUS‐CHOP was not bound to these promoters. Differences in the modulation of transcription of genes involved in different pathways including signal transduction, apoptosis and stress response between the two cell lines were found. Trabectedin activates the transcription of genes involved in the adipogenic‐program such as c/EBPα and β, in 402‐91 but not in 402‐91/ET cell lines. The collateral sensitivity of 402‐91/ET to temozolomide provides the rationale to investigate the potential use of methylating agents in MLS patients resistant to trabectedin.