bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High variability in Factor IX one‐stage assay in samples spiked with nonacog beta pegol among different pairs of reagent/detection system
Authors: Duboscq C. , Sueldo E. , Rosa C. , Zirpoli M. , Ceresetto J. , Baques A. , Arias M.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Haemophilia B (HB) is an X‐linked hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by coagulation factor IX (FIX) deficiency. To improve the quality of life of patients and adherence to treatment, recombinant factor concentrates modified to extend their half‐life have been developed, called extended half‐life factors (EHL: extended half‐life). Nonacog beta pegol (N9‐GP) is a glycopegylated recombinant human FIX molecule that has a half‐life of 93 h with a single dose and has shown a higher recovery percentage than other molecules. To diagnose and monitor the treatment of haemophiliac patients, FIX activity is determined with the one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) and/or the chromogenic assay. The objective of this work, carried out in three centres, was to measure the recovery of N9‐PG with 10 different activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents on three platforms, in samples spiked in vitro with N9‐GP, at four different concentration levels.

Methods

It was measured the recovery of N9‐GP with 10 different APTT reagents (polyphenol, ellagic acid, silice dioxide, colloidal silica as APTT activator on three platforms, in sample spiked in vitro with N9‐GP.

Results

The results show heterogeneity in the activity of N9‐GP measured by OSA with the different APTT reagents when the calibrations were performed with the specific calibrator of each coagulometer. A recovery percentage between 87% and 108% was obtained only with polyphenol and ellagic acid as activator in the three platforms evaluated. The other reagents studied overestimate or underestimate, with no clear profile. When a calibration curve was performed with a calibrator prepared from the N9‐GP vial, all APTT reagents met the established recovery requirement.

Conclusion

APTT reagents with polyphenol or ellagic acid as activator would be the only ones appropriate when using the commercially available OSA with specific calibrator to monitor patients treated with N9‐GP.
B‐site internal‐strain regulation engineering of tungsten bronze structural dielectric ceramics
Authors: Luo Weijia , Wang Xubin , Bai Baiheng , Qiao Jianli , Chen Xingcong , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Li Lingxia , Zhou Ji
Published: September 2023

Internal strain is considered to be related to the dielectric loss of tungsten bronze structural ceramics, while its effects often cannot be effectively distinguished from non‐intrinsic factors. To quantitatively determine the influential mechanism of dielectric loss by internal strain, B‐site controllable co‐substituted (Al3+, Ga3+, and Sc3+) Ba4Nd9.33Ti18O54 ceramics with single phase were designed and synthesized, and the ratio is designed with the equivalent radius of substituted ions is equal to Ti4+. Through calibrating the global instability index, the relatively straightforward relationship between internal strain and Q×f value is established. As a result, a loss gradient (Q×f value from 8468 to 14311 GHz) and an almost stable real part of permittivity (εr ∼ 68 with near‐zero τf) can be obtained. Not only does it provide direct evidence for the effectiveness of internal strain control on dielectric loss, but also decouples three key parameters of microwave dielectric ceramics, which may be of great significance in future device physics, especially for all‐ceramic non‐Hermitian devices.
Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
Authors: Tonelli Mattia , Dellacasa Marco , Lobo Jorge M.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Different hypothesis have been proposed to explain differences in species richness among islands. However, few studies have attempted to compare the explanatory power of multiple hypotheses using a large data set. Here, we analyse how different types of predictors (energetic/climatic, environmental heterogeneity, island biogeography and anthropogenic) affect variation in dung beetle species richness on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.

Location

Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.

Taxon

Dung beetles.

Methods

Using a large data set of islands (n = 147), we extracted the species richness of dung beetles on each island using 362 bibliographic reference sources. We performed GLMs to analyse the relationship between the species richness of dung beetles and 11 explanatory variables (temperature, evapotranspiration, aridity, area, maximum elevation, connection to continent during LGM, geological origin, distance from continent, nearest continent, years since first human colonization and human density) representing four types of causal hypotheses. We also included as a covariate the number of published papers studying dung beetles as a surrogate of the survey/study effort carried out in each island.

Results

GLMs suggest that the years since first human colonization, the number of published papers and island area were the predictors with a higher explanatory capacity. The volcanic character of the islands and the distance from the mainland had some relevance in the case of Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and maximum elevation appeared relevant in the species richness of Scarabaeinae and Aphodiidae. The anthropogenic and island biogeography hypotheses on the variation in species richness were the ones that have the strongest explanatory capacity, regardless of the inclusion of the surrogate of survey effort as a covariate in the models.

Main conclusions

The long history of human movements and agricultural activities has facilitated the colonization of dung beetles and provided trophic resources for their persistence, leading to increased species richness. Thus, the importance of anthropogenic factors in shaping the biodiversity patterns of island biogeography cannot be ignored. These human‐induced influences may play a fundamental role in altering the biogeographic patterns of islands, even overriding the importance of other variables. Consequently, our findings underline the profound impact of historical human actions on islands biodiversity.
In‐hospital mortality and length of stay of patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Degefu Natanim , Edessa Dumessa , Getachew Melaku , Motuma Aboma , Regassa Lemma Demissie
Published: September 2023

Hypertensive crisis poses substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and their predictors among patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. An institutional‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 1 to 31, 2022. The medical records of 328 patients with hypertensive crisis treated at two public hospitals between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2022 were reviewed. Cox proportional hazards regression and negative binomial regression were used to identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality and LOS, respectively. The in‐hospital mortality rate of patients with hypertensive crisis was 18.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.08–29.70) per 1000 person‐day observation. The median (interquartile range) LOS of these patients was 10 (4–120) hours. Age ≥65 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 3.30; 95% CI: 1.17– 9.33); increment in initial systolic blood pressure (AHR: 1.040; 95% CI: 1.014–1.066); and having acute brain‐related damage (AHR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.48–10.88) were predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Rural residence (adjusted incident‐rate ratio (IRR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03–1.75); having a history of medication discontinuation (adjusted IRR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16–2.18); comorbidity (adjusted IRR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.49–2.43); acute brain‐related damage (adjusted IRR: 13.32; 95% CI: 9.22–19.24), acute cardiac‐related damage (adjusted IRR: 7.40; 95% CI: 4.90–11.16); and acute kidney injury (adjusted IRR: 7.64; 95% CI: 5.46–10.69) were predictors of LOS. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies that allow early screening and follow‐up of patients at risk.
Paradigm ‘flipping’ to reinvigorate translational science: Outlining a neurodevelopmental science framework from a ‘neurodiversity’ perspective
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S.
Published: September 2023

For the most part the science of neuro‐developmental conditions, such as autism and ADHD, is conducted within a framework defined by a paradigm that assumes that these expressions of neuro‐developmental variation are disorders resulting from brain dysfunction. the translational goal being to identify, then target, the source of such dysfunction to reduce disorder and resolve impairment. By shifting this perspective to one that defines such conditions as divergence in thought and action underpinned by brain atypicality, the neurodiversity paradigm offers a fresh scientific vision shaped by a new translational imperative. It shifts the focus of enquiry to understanding the way environments shape experience to either stifle or promote the well‐being and development of neurodivergent people. It also encourages the fullest possible participation of neurodivergent people in the scientific process. Together these two elements provide a platform for a new translational science of neurodevelopment.
Malnutrition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: More than meets the eye
Authors: Brinza Ellen , Flint Kelsey
Published: September 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Zainul et al. in this issue.
Competition and Strategic Budget Choices in the Motion Picture Industry*
Authors: Delre Sebastiano , Sekeris Petros G.
Published: September 2023

In this article, we study the effect of differentiation on firms' optimal investments in advertising and product quality in the specific context of the motion picture industry. To guide our empirical analysis, we develop a stylized model uncovering that competition in advertising is the highest for intermediate levels of horizontal differentiation, while product quality increases monotonically in differentiation. We corroborate our theoretical predictions with a large dataset on the movie industry confirming both the inverted U‐shaped relationship between advertising and differentiation, and the monotonically increasing relationship between product quality and differentiation.
Swallowing performance in older adults: Associated cognitive, neuroanatomical and demographic factors
Authors: Bindels K. L. , Verhoeff M. C. , Su N. , Knijn F. V. , Aarab G. , Fuh J. L. , Lin C.‐S. , Lobbezoo F.
Published: September 2023

Background

Swallowing problems are frequently seen in older adults, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). The brain plays a crucial role in both cognition and swallowing. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, researchers identified regions associated with swallowing. However, it is not yet fully elucidated which factors influence the swallowing performance in older adults.

Objectives

The current study investigated which factors, such as cognitive function, neuroanatomical factors (e.g., the cortical thickness and volume of specific brain regions) and demographical factors are associated with swallowing performance in older adults. Secondly, it was investigated whether there is a difference in neuroanatomical factors between individuals with and without CI.

Research Design and Methods

In total, 15 CI individuals (73.1 ± 9.1 years; 46.7% male) and 48 non‐CI controls (69.0 ± 5.1 years; 29.2% male) were included. The repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was performed, and an MRI scan was acquired from the participants.

Results

Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the cortical thickness of the right supramarginal gyrus and female gender were positively associated, and a higher age was negatively associated with the RSST in older adults (p < .05). CI was not significantly associated with swallowing performance. Furthermore, it was found that the cortical volume differs more frequently between CI and non‐CI than the cortical thickness.

Conclusion

A thinner cortex of the right supramarginal gyrus and being an older female are associated with poorer swallowing performance. Secondly, cortical volume was more often found to differ between CI and non‐CI individuals than cortical thickness.
Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply
Authors: Binks Oliver , Cernusak Lucas A. , Liddell Michael , Bradford Matt , Coughlin Ingrid , Bryant Callum , Palma Ana C. , Hoffmann Luke , Alam Iftakharul , Carle Hannah J. , Rowland Lucy , Oliveira Rafael S. , Laurance Susan G. W. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Meir Patrick
Published: September 2023

Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast‐response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer‐term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change.

We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site‐level differences.

The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height–diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot‐level wood density.

Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast‐response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc, potentially leading to longer‐term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
Paths to trust: Explaining citizens' trust to experts and evidence‐informed policymaking during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Angelou Angelos , Ladi Stella , Panagiotatou Dimitra , Tsagkroni Vasiliki
Published: September 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought forward new questions about the efficient implementation of arduous public policies. Drawing evidence from the pandemic, this article argues that, during crises, policymakers will often opt for evidence‐informed policymaking, hoping for better results. In line with previous studies, we show that citizens trust more policies coming from experts rather than policymakers and elected politicians. We also add nuance to these claims as we attribute this tendency to the technocratic legitimacy thesis, referring to the symbolic significance of expert authority. Employing a public opinion survey conducted across four European countries, Germany, Greece, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, we show that independently of prior levels of political trust and each country's mortality rate, citizens welcomed evidence‐informed policies during the pandemic's first wave. Politicians can leverage these insights to increase public compliance with crisis management policies.
Gardening Pocillopora spp. fragments and their potential for rebuilding reef systems in the southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: García‐Medrano Diego , López‐Pérez Andrés , Guendulain‐García Sergio , Valencia‐Méndez Omar , Granja‐Fernández Rebeca , González‐Mendoza Tania , Torres‐Hernández Pablo
Published: September 2023

The degradation of coral reefs during the last decades has turned attention toward management and restoration interventions. This study seeks to operationalize coral gardening of Pocillopora spp. fragments in low profile bottom‐anchored nurseries and to compare survival and growth patterns between sites, time, and fragment size in the southern Mexican Pacific. After 357 days, fragments showed high survival (96.4%), growth rates (4.35 cm/year), and an increase in coral coverage from 3.62 ± 1.3% (mean ± SD) to 17.42 ± 4.8% (approximately 480%). Coral growth rate did not show differences between sites (pseudo‐F[1,635] = 0.21, p = 0.63), but corals grew more significantly during the upwelling season in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. According to linear and local regression analysis, the extension rate in nurseries was significantly higher when corals were smaller (<7 cm in diameter) being of relevance for operationalizing coral gardening from donor colonies; nevertheless, coral shrinkage (13.1%), when corals were smaller (i.e. during the early phases of the coral gardening protocol), calls for precaution and close monitoring. Operationalizing coral gardening of Pocillopora spp. fragments, including successful metrics in upwelling areas, are relevant for reef restoration in the eastern tropical Pacific; nevertheless, lessons regarding shrinkage and differential growth rates related to coral size should also be considered.
Passive transfer of alloantibodies through breast milk as a mediator of hemolytic anemia
Authors: Abels Elizabeth , Jacobs Jeremy W. , Prior Daniel , Willets Laura C. , Sostin Nataliya , Tormey Christopher A. , Binns Thomas C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is characterized by destruction of fetal/neonatal red blood cells (RBCs) secondary to maternally derived antibodies, which are typically thought to be passively acquired via placental transfer. Few cases have examined the possibility of HDFN mediated by maternal antibodies passively transferred via breast milk.

Methods

We describe two cases of persistent HDFN in infants potentially mediated by passively acquired antibodies via maternal breast milk. We discuss supporting and refuting evidence that may account for this possibility and describe testing methodology illustrating how maternal alloantibodies can be detected in breast milk.

Results

In both cases, anti‐D antibodies were detected in maternal breast milk. One patient experienced a significant decrease in anti‐D plasma titer from 64 to 4 dilutions following 2 weeks of breastfeeding cessation. The other patient experienced a resolution of anemia without breastfeeding cessation.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of data regarding the lifespan of passively acquired RBC antibodies in neonatal circulation, with significant variation noted between passively acquired IgG based on studies utilizing intravenous immunoglobulin compared to studies of maternally‐acquired antiviral IgG antibodies. While our data do not definitively implicate passive transfer of alloantibodies in breast milk as a mediator of HDFN, they do illustrate the need for further investigation into the mechanisms and kinetics of passively acquired antibodies in neonatal circulation.
High-Accuracy Battery State of Charge Estimation Strategy Based on Deep Belief Network Cascaded With Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Lang , Zhu Lijun , Wang Jian , Chen Long , Zeng Xiankai , Song Ziang , Wang Lujun
Published: September 2023

Battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the main functions of the battery management system in electric vehicles. If the actual SOC of the battery differs significantly from the estimated value, it can lead to improper battery usage, resulting in unexpected rapid voltage drops or increases, which can affect driving safety. Therefore, high-accuracy SOC estimation is of great importance for battery management and usage. Currently used SOC estimation methods suffer from issues such as strong dependence on model parameters, error propagation from measurements, and sensitivity to initial values. In this study, we propose a high-precision SOC estimation strategy based on deep belief network (DBN) feature extraction and extended Kalman filter (EKF) for smooth output. The proposed strategy has been rigorously tested under different temperature conditions using the dynamic stress test (DST) and urban dynamometer driving schedule (US06) driving cycles. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the proposed strategy are controlled within 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. This demonstrates the high-precision estimation achieved. To further validate the generality of this strategy, we also apply it to graphene batteries and conduct tests under US06 and highway fuel economy test (HWFET) driving cycles at temperatures of 25 °C and −10 °C. The test results show MAE of 0.47% and 2.01%, respectively.
Protection from inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Galipeau Heather J. , Verdu Elena F.
Published: September 2023

Immunomodulation of lymphocytes by intestinal epithelial cells could lead to new therapies
Identifying strategic priorities for advancing global drowning prevention: a Delphi method
Authors: Scarr Justin-Paul , Jagnoor Jagnoor
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The burden of drowning is gaining prominence on the global agenda. Two United Nations system resolutions in 3 years reflect rising political support, but priorities remain undefined, and the issue lacks a global strategy. We aimed to identify strategic priorities for advancing global drowning prevention using a modified Delphi method.

Methods

An advisory group was formed, and participants recruited with diverse expertise and backgrounds. We used document review, and data extracted from global health partnerships to identify strategic domains and draft priorities for global drowning prevention. Participants rated the priorities in two Delphi rounds, guided by relevance, feasibility and impact on equity, and where consensus was ≥70% of participants rating the priority as critical.

Results

We recruited 134 participants from research (40.2%), policy (26.9%), technical (25.4%) and community (7.5%) backgrounds, with 38.1% representing low- and middle-income countries. We drafted 75 priorities. Following two Delphi rounds, 50 priorities were selected across the seven domains of research and further contextualisation, best practice guidance, capacity building, engagement with other health and sustainable development agendas, high-level political advocacy, multisectoral action and strengthening inclusive global governance. Participants scored priorities based on relevance (43.2%), feasibility (29.4%) and impact on equity (27.4%).

Conclusion

Our study identifies global priorities for drowning prevention and provides evidence for advocacy of drowning prevention in all pertinent policies, and in all relevant agendas. The priorities can be applied by funders to guide investment, by researchers to frame study questions, by policymakers to contrast views of expert groups and by national coalitions to anchor national drowning prevention plans. We identify agendas including disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, child and adolescent health, and climate resilience, where drowning prevention might offer co-benefits. Finally, our findings offer a strategic blueprint as the field looks to accelerate action, and develop a global strategy for drowning prevention.
Influence of care group participation on infant and young child feeding, dietary diversity, WASH behaviours and nutrition outcomes in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Matsungo Tonderayi Mathew , Kamazizwa Faith , Mavhudzi Tafadzwa , Makota Starlet , Kamunda Blessing , Matsinde Calvin , Chagwena Dexter , Mukudoka Kudzai , Chopera Prosper
Published: September 2023

Background

The care group approach (CGA) is a community-based nutrition behaviour change strategy centred on ‘peer-to-peer learning’ through women support groups.

Objective

To assess the impact of the CGA on the adoption of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF), dietary diversity and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, and associated nutrition-related outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study used a mixed-method approach in selected rural districts in Zimbabwe in June 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on IYCF, diet quality, WASH and child morbidity. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure and outcome. Significance was at p<0.05.

Results

A total of 127 exposed and 234 controls were enrolled. There was no significant difference between exposed and controls on the prevalence of; diarrhoea (p=0.659), cough (p=0.191) and fever (p=0.916). No significant difference was observed in the proportion ever breastfed (p=0.609), Children with Adequate Dietary Diversity Score (p=0.606) across the two groups. However, the proportion of families with adequate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) (p=0.005) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) (p=0.009) were significantly higher in exposed than controls. Knowledge on all promoted behaviours was significantly higher in the exposed than in controls with the exception of exclusive breast feeding. While the practices were significantly higher in exposed compared with controls for: ‘Appropriate complementary feeding for children aged 6–24 months’ (p=0.001), ‘good nutrition for women of reproductive age’ (p=0.001), ‘production and consumption of diverse nutritious food’ (p=0.001) and ‘production and consumption of biofortified crops’ (p=0.001).

Conclusions

The results showed that CGA potential to increase knowledge and achieve nutrition and health-related behaviour change in low-income settings if integrated into existing community programmes. Interestingly, HDDS and MDD-W were significantly higher in exposed than controls. However, more research is required to obtain conclusive results.
Mixed-methods study protocol to identify expectations of people with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers about voice-based digital health solutions to support the management of diabetes distress: the PsyVoice study
Authors: Aguirre Vergara Franchesca , Fischer Aurélie , Seuring Till , de Beaufort Carine , Fagherazzi Guy , Aguayo Gloria A
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires continuous management to obtain a good metabolic control and prevent acute complications. This often affects psychological well-being. People with T1D frequently report diabetes distress (DD). Psychological issues can negatively affect metabolic control and well-being. New technologies can improve quality of life, reduce the treatment burden and improve glycaemic control. Voice technology may serve as an innovative and inexpensive remote monitoring device to evaluate psychological well-being. Tailoring digital health interventions according to the ability and interest of their intended ‘end-users’ increases the acceptability of the intervention itself. PsyVoice explores the perspectives and needs of people with T1D on voice-based digital health interventions to manage DD.

Methods and analysis

PsyVoice is a mixed-methods study with qualitative and quantitative data sources. For the qualitative part, the researchers will invite 20 people with a T1D or caregivers of children with T1D to participate in in-depth semi-structured interviews. They will be invited as well to answer three questionnaires to assess socio-demographics, diabetes management, e-Health literacy and diabetes distress. Information from questionnaires will be integrated with themes developed in the qualitative analysis of the interviews. People with T1D will be invited to participate in the protocol and give feedback on interview guides, questionnaires, information sheets and informed consent.

Ethics and dissemination

PsyVoice received ethical approval from Luxembourg’s National Research Ethics Committee. Participants will receive information about the purpose, risks and strategies to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the study. The results of PsyVoice will guide the selection and development of voice-based technological interventions for managing DD. The outcome will be disseminated to academic and non-academic stakeholders through peer-reviewed open-access journals and a lay public report.

Trial registration number

This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the numberNCT05517772.
Codesigning a systemic discharge intervention for inpatient mental health settings (MINDS): a protocol for integrating realist evaluation and an engineering-based systems approach
Authors: Hackmann Corinna , Komashie Alexander , Handley Melanie , Murdoch Jamie , Wagner Adam P , Grünwald Lisa Marie , Waller Sam , Kaminskiy Emma , Zeilig Hannah , Jones Julia , Bray Joy , Bagge Sophie , Simpson Alan , Dalkin Sonia Michelle , Clarkson John , Borghini Giovanni , Kipouros Timoleon , Rohricht Frank , Taousi Zohra , Haighton Catherine , Rae Sarah , Wilson Jon
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Transition following discharge from mental health hospital is high risk in terms of relapse, readmission and suicide. Discharge planning supports transition and reduces risk. It is a complex activity involving interacting systemic elements. The codesigning a systemic discharge intervention for inpatient mental health settings (MINDS) study aims to improve the process for people being discharged, their carers/supporters and staff who work in mental health services, by understanding, co-designing and evaluating implementation of a systemic approach to discharge planning.

Methods and analysis

The MINDS study integrates realist research and an engineering-informed systems approach across three stages. Stage 1 applies realist review and evaluation using a systems approach to develop programme theories of discharge planning. Stage 2 uses an Engineering Better Care framework to codesign a novel systemic discharge intervention, which will be subjected to process and economic evaluation in stage 3. The programme theories and resulting care planning approach will be refined throughout the study ready for a future clinical trial. MINDS is co-led by an expert by experience, with researchers with lived experience co-leading each stage.

Ethics and dissemination

MINDS stage 1 has received ethical approval from Yorkshire & The Humber—Bradford Leeds (Research Ethics Committee (22/YH/0122). Findings from MINDS will be disseminated via high-impact journal publications and conference presentations, including those with service user and mental health professional audiences. We will establish routes to engage with public and service user communities and National Health Service professionals including blogs, podcasts and short videos.

Trial registration number

MINDS is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR 133013)https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR133013. The realist review protocol is registered on PROSPERO.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021293255.
Protocol for the ASTRO study (SSOP-01): a multicentre prospective cohort study investigating adverse events based on electronic patient-reported outcomes in patients with breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kuniyoshi Ouki , Sano Motohiko , Nakano Yasuhiro , Kawaguchi Takashi , Hatakeyama Tomoki , Tsuchiya Yusuke , Inada Yusuke , Harada Tomohiko , Kurosaki Miyuki , Mashiko Tomoe , Miyaji Tempei , Yamaguchi Takuhiro
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Symptom-related adverse events associated with perioperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer include short-term adverse events such as nausea and vomiting. However, changes in the severity and duration of prolonged symptom-related adverse events have not been fully investigated. We present a protocol of a study that aims to clarify the prevalence of symptom-related adverse events in patients with breast cancer 1 year after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy using an electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) system.

Methods and analysis

This multicentre prospective observational cohort study will include patients with breast cancer who have received preoperative or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The final injection date of the cytotoxic agent will be the study initiation date. Patients will report every 2 weeks from the initiation date to 12 weeks and every 4 weeks from 12 weeks to 1 year, and they can enter this information into the ePRO system from anywhere. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of symptom-related adverse events according to the ePRO system 1 year after the date of the last injection of the cytotoxic drug used in neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. To increase multi-institutional enrolment, two cohorts will be included. Cohort 1 will comprise patients with acquisition of baseline patient information regarding preoperative chemotherapy and presurgery characteristics. Cohort 2 will comprise patients without acquisition of baseline patient information. The target sample size is ≥250 per year.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the ethics committee at each participating institution. The results will be presented at major national and international conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.

Trial status

Registration was started in October 2021. By August 2022, a total of 132 participants were enrolled. Follow-up will be continued through December 2024.

Trial registration number

UMIN000045422.
Estimating the cost impact of atrial fibrillation using a prospective cohort study and population-based controls
Authors: Aebersold Helena , Foster-Witassek Fabienne , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Brüngger Beat , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Beer Jürg-Hans , Blozik Eva , Blum Manuel , Bonati Leo , Conen David , Conte Giulio , Felder Stefan , Huber Carola , Kuehne Michael , Moschovitis Giorgio , Mueller Andreas , Paladini Rebecca E , Reichlin Tobias , Rodondi Nicolas , Springer Anne , Stauber Annina , Sticherling Christian , Szucs Thomas , Osswald Stefan , Schwenkglenks Matthias
Published: September 2023

Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) costs are expected to be substantial, but cost comparisons with the general population are scarce. Using data from the prospective Swiss-AF cohort study and population-based controls, we estimated the impact of AF on direct healthcare costs from the Swiss statutory health insurance perspective.

Methods

Swiss-AF patients, enrolled from 2014 to 2017, had documented, prevalent AF. We analysed 5 years of follow-up, where clinical data, and health insurance claims in 42% of the patients were collected on a yearly basis. Controls from a health insurance claims database were matched for demographics and region. The cost impact of AF was estimated using five different methods: (1) ordinary least square regression (OLS), (2) OLS-based two-part modelling, (3) generalised linear model-based two-part modelling, (4) 1:1 nearest neighbour propensity score matching and (5) a cost adjudication algorithm using Swiss-AF data non-comparatively and considering clinical data. Cost of illness at the Swiss national level was modelled using obtained cost estimates, prevalence from the Global Burden of Disease Project, and Swiss population data.

Results

The 1024 Swiss-AF patients with available claims data were compared with 16 556 controls without known AF. AF patients accrued CHF5600 (EUR5091) of AF-related direct healthcare costs per year, in addition to non-AF-related healthcare costs of CHF11100 (EUR10 091) per year accrued by AF patients and controls. All five methods yielded comparable results. AF-related costs at the national level were estimated to amount to 1% of Swiss healthcare expenditure.

Conclusions

We robustly found direct medical costs of AF patients were 50% higher than those of population-based controls. Such information on the incremental cost burden of AF may support healthcare capacity planning.
Stepping into nursing research: an introduction for gastroenterology and hepatology nurses
Authors: Munnelly Stacey , Radford Shellie Jean , Datt Pooja , Donnelly Leigh , Fraser Aileen , Gil-Zaragozano Elena , Jack Kathryn , Watson Harriet , Iqbal Tariq H , Sebastian Shaji , Kemp Karen
Published: September 2023

In this second part of an introduction to research for gastroenterology and hepatology nurses, we aim to build on the first article that introduced the significance and structure of the National Institute for Health and Care Research clinical research landscape in the UK and the importance of nurse engagement. This article introduces possible career pathways available in the profession and specialty. Practical information on how to start research is provided, including an overview of the education, training and support required for a career in research delivery and academic research. Some of the potential barriers to nursing research careers are highlighted, and solutions to navigate a successful career in nursing research are proposed.
Cognitive control subprocess deficits and compensatory modulation mechanisms in patients with frontal lobe injury revealed by EEG markers: a basic study to guide brain stimulation
Authors: Liu Sinan , Shi Chaoqun , Meng Huanhuan , Meng Yu , Gong Xin , Chen Xiping , Tao Luyang
Published: September 2023

Background

Frontal lobe injury (FLI) is related to cognitive control impairments, but the influences of FLI on the internal subprocesses of cognitive control remain unclear.

Aims

We sought to identify specific biomarkers for long-term dysfunction or compensatory modulation in different cognitive control subprocesses.

Methods

A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Event-related potentials (ERP), oscillations and functional connectivity were used to analyse electroencephalography (EEG) data from 12 patients with unilateral frontal lobe injury (UFLI), 12 patients with bilateral frontal lobe injury (BFLI) and 26 healthy controls (HCs) during a Go/NoGo task, which included several subprocesses: perceptual processing, anticipatory preparation, conflict monitoring and response decision.

Results

Compared with the HC group, N2 (the second negative peak in the averaged ERP waveform) latency, and frontal and parietal oscillations were decreased only in the BFLI group, whereas P3 (the third positive peak in the averaged ERP waveform) amplitudes and sensorimotor oscillations were decreased in both patient groups. The functional connectivity of the four subprocesses was as follows: alpha connections of posterior networks in the BFLI group were lower than in the HC and UFLI groups, and these alpha connections were negatively correlated with neuropsychological tests. Theta connections of the dorsal frontoparietal network in the bilateral hemispheres of the BFLI group were lower than in the HC and UFLI groups, and these connections in the uninjured hemisphere of the UFLI group were higher than in the HC group, which were negatively correlated with behavioural performances. Delta and theta connections of the midfrontal-related networks in the BFLI group were lower than in the HC group. Theta across-network connections in the HC group were higher than in the BFLI group but lower than in the UFLI group.

Conclusions

The enhancement of low-frequency connections reflects compensatory mechanisms. In contrast, alpha connections are the opposite, therefore revealing more abnormal neural activity and less compensatory connectivity as the severity of injury increases. The nodes of the above networks may serve as stimulating targets for early treatment to restore corresponding functions. EEG biomarkers can measure neuromodulation effects in heterogeneous patients.
War and disaster are forcing a major rethink around mass casualty management
Authors: Horne Simon , Hunt P , Hall B , Jefferys S , Vassallo J , Gurney I
Published: September 2023

Mass casualty events (MASCAL) do not follow the same rules as typical major incidents. In the West at least, the latter often occur in stable, networked trauma systems, whereas MASCAL are characterised by overwhelming numbers of patients, compounded by protracted scene and transport times, decompensated response systems and significant disruption to infrastructure, command and control.

This paper describes the 8Ds approach being taken by the UK Defence Medical Services and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Emergency Medicine Panel framework to approach MASCAL. The eight domains were derived from literature about management of casualties in the World Wars, and also from approaches taken by civilian health systems as they struggle to manage increasing demand. They are:distribute;decompress;delay;delegate;deliver faster and deliver better;dynamic levels of care; andde-escalate. These domains will allow a structured approach to research and innovate around MASCAL, informing better guidelines for their management.
Whole blood transfusion among allied partnerships: unified and interoperable blood banking for optimised care
Authors: Hughey Scott , Kotler J , Cole J , Jewett F , Checchi K , Lin A
Published: September 2023

Whole blood transfusion is being increasingly used for trauma resuscitation, particularly in military settings. Low-titre group O whole blood simplifies the logistical challenges and maximises the benefits of blood transfusion when compared with component therapy in austere battlefield conditions. Screening protocols and blood testing requirements for prescreened donors in walking blood banks (WBBs), which are used for emergency transfusions, are established by both the USA and most partner nations, though they are not necessarily uniform across these combined forces. Interoperability and standardisation of blood bank resources and protocols across allied forces in multinational military operations, including uniformity in screening processes, collection methods and storage is essential to the provision of safe and effective blood product transfusions in this austere setting. Predeployment screening, multinational training exercises and universal WBB sets with instructions in multiple languages can help enhance the interoperability of combined multinational operations and create a more efficient WBB system. Standardisation of blood collection, nomenclature, equipment and screening practices will allow for the most optimal utilisation of whole blood resources across a multinational battlefield.
Transfer learning-based security protection framework for smart exercise monitoring
Authors: Chen Xianmei , Le Renyou , Hong Qihuan , Lin Han
Published: September 2023

Sports exercise is very important for both physical and mental health, but improper exercise or equipment use may cause some security challenges. To address this issue, facing Internet of Things (IoT), currently, some video recognition algorithm-based smart security monitoring systems have been designed. However, existing video recognition algorithms usually assume that the data comes from the same collection device or follows the same distribution, resulting in ineffective handling of cross-camera or cross-device recognition problems. In this vein, this paper designed a transfer learning-based smart exercise monitoring security protection system, and proposed a new transfer learning-based video recognition framework, which consists of backbone network module, style transfer module, video feature aggregation module three parts and using this framework, two different models can be trained based on video face recognition dataset and video action recognition dataset, respectively, for identity recognition and action recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively handle video face recognition and video action recognition problems, which also demonstrates that our designed smart exercise monitoring security protection system can meet actual task requirements.
The Global Epidemic of Bactrocera Pests: Mixed-Species Invasions and Risk Assessment
Authors: Zhao Zihua , Carey James R. , Li Zhihong
Published: September 2023

Throughout the past century, the global spread of Bactrocera pests has continued to pose a significant threat to the commercial fruit and vegetable industry, resulting in substantial costs associated with both control measures and quarantine restrictions. The increasing volume of transcontinental trade has contributed to an escalating rate of Bactrocera pest introductions to new regions. To address the worldwide threat posed by this group of pests, we first provide an overview of Bactrocera. We then describe the global epidemic, including border interceptions, species diagnosis, population genetics, geographical expansion, and invasion tracing of Bactrocera pests. We further consider the literature concerning the invasion co-occurrences, life-history flexibility, risk assessment, bridgehead effects, and ongoing implications of invasion recurrences, as well as a case study of Bactrocera invasions of California. Finally, we call for global collaboration to effectively monitor, prevent, and control the ongoing spread of Bactrocera pests and to share experience and knowledge to combat it.
Combined Use of Short-Lived Radionuclides (234Th and 210Po) as Tracers of Sinking Particles in the Ocean
Authors: Roca-Martí Montserrat , Puigcorbé Viena
Published: September 2023

Radionuclides can provide key information on the temporal dimension of environmental processes, given their well-known rates of radioactive decay and production. Naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 234Th and 210Po, have been used as powerful particle tracers in the marine environment to study particle cycling and vertical export. Since their application to quantify the magnitude of particulate organic carbon (POC) export in the 1990s, 234Th and, to a lesser extent, 210Po have been widely used to characterize the magnitude of the biological carbon pump (BCP). Combining both radionuclides, with their different half-lives, biogeochemical behaviors, and input sources to the ocean, can help to better constrain POC export and capture BCP dynamics that would be missed by a single tracer. Here, we review the studies that have simultaneously used 234Th and 210Po as tracers of POC export, emphasizing what can be learned from their joint application, and provide recommendations and future directions.
Treatment of Mucous Retention Cyst in Association with Sinus Lift and Implant Placement: A Case Report with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Aad Georges , Kebbe Sara , El Hachem Rebecca , Nader Nabih
Published: September 2023

Sinus lift augmentation techniques, lateral or crestal approaches, have been well documented, with bone substitute graft, or without bone material, with immediate or delayed implant placement as a treatment option for the atrophic maxilla in the posterior area. However, the sinus lift procedures performed in the presence of cysts, mucoceles, mucous retention cysts (MRCs), and antral pseudo-cysts could mainly decrease the sinus cavity volume and could increase the possibility of ostium obstruction and might lead to infection followed by failure of the grafting procedure. A radiological assessment should be made with computerized tomography (CT) or cone-beam CT to evaluate the remaining bone volume and to detect any pathology in the sinus. Different techniques were described in the literature for sinus lifting and bone grafting in patients with cysts. For some authors, cysts should be treated before sinus grafting and six months later, the procedure could be performed. For others, sinus lifting can be performed without lesion removal. At this time, controversy exists regarding the decision on whether lesions must be removed/aspirated or not before sinus grafting. In this study, we report a case where an MRC was aspirated and instantaneously, the sinus membrane was lifted and grafted, and implants were installed with 1-year follow-up after loading. Identifying lesions in the maxillary sinus is essential before planning any type of sinus augmentation and implant placement.