bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change mitigation potentials of wood industry related measures in Hungary
Authors: Király Éva , Forsell Nicklas , Schulte Maximilian , Kis-Kovács Gábor , Börcsök Zoltán , Kocsis Zoltán , Kottek Péter , Mertl Tamás , Németh Gábor , Polgár András , Borovics Attila
Published: August 2024

Harvested wood products (HWPs) store a significant amount of carbon while long-lived products and wooden buildings can be among the most effective means for carbon storage. Wood products’ lifetime extension and appropriate waste management, recycling, and reuse can further contribute to the achievement of climate goals. In our study we projected under 10 different scenarios the carbon storage, carbon dioxide and methane emissions of the Hungarian HWP pool up to 2050 in order to find the combination of wood industry-related measures with the highest climate change mitigation effect. For the projection we used the country-specific HWP-RIAL model to predict emissions associated with the end-of-life and waste management of wood products. The main conclusion is that without additional measures the Hungarian HWP pool would turn from a carbon sink to a source of emissions by 2047. To maintain the Hungarian HWP pool to be a continuous carbon sink it is essential to implement additional climate mitigation measures including cascading product value chains, and approaches of a circular bioeconomy. We find the most effective individual measures are increasing product half-life, increasing recycling rate and increasing industrial wood production through increased industrial wood assortments and increased harvest. With the combination of these measures a maximum average annual climate change mitigation potential of 1.5 Mt CO2 equivalents could be reached during the 2022–2050 period.
Decision support for augmented reality-based assistance systems deployment in industrial settings
Authors: Bock Lukas , Bohné Thomas , Tadeja Sławomir K.
Published: August 2024

The successful deployment of augmented reality (AR) in the industry for on-the-job guidance depends heavily on factors such as the availability of required expertise, existing digital content and other deployment-related criteria such as a task’s error-proneness or complexity. Particularly in idiosyncratic manufacturing situations involving customised products and diverse complex and non-complex products and its variants, the applicability and attractiveness of AR as a worker assistance system is often unclear and difficult to gauge for decision-makers. To address this gap, we developed a decision support tool to help prepare customised deployment strategies for AR-based assistance systems utilising manual assembly as the main example. Consequently, we report results from an interview study with sixteen domain experts. Furthermore, when analysing captured expert knowledge, we found significant differences in criteria weighting based on task complexity and other factors, such as the effort required to obtain data.
Nonveridical biosemiotics and the Interface Theory of Perception: implications for perception-mediated selection
Authors: Khumalo Brian , Hendlin Yogi Hale
Published: August 2024

Recently, the relationship between evolutionary ecology and perceptual science has received renewed attention under perception-mediated selection, a mode of natural selection linking perceptual saliency, rather than veridicality, to fitness. The Interface Theory of Perception (ITP) has been especially prominent in claiming that an organism’s perceptual interface is populated by icons, which arise as a function of evolved, species-specific perceptual interfaces that produce approximations of organisms’ environments through fitness-tuned perceptions. According to perception-mediated selection, perception and behavior calibrate one another as organisms’ capacities to experience and know the objects and properties of their environments lead to responses highlighting certain environmental features selected for survival. We argue this occurs via the Umwelt/Umgebung distinction in ethology, demonstrating that organisms interact with their external environments (Umgebung) through constructed perceptual schema (Umwelt) that produce constrained representations of environmental objects and their properties. Following Peircean semiotics, we claim that ITP’s focus on icons as saliency-simplified markers corresponds to biosemiotics’ understanding of perceptual representations, which manifest as iconic (resembling objects), indexical (referring), or symbolic (arbitrary) modalities, which provide for organisms’ semiotic scaffolding. We argue that ITP provides the computational evidence for biosemiotics’ notion of iconicity, while biosemiotics provides explanation within ITP for how iconicity can build up into indices and symbols. The common contention of these separate frameworks that the process of perception tracks saliency rather than veridicality suggests that digital/dyadic perceptual strategies will be outcompeted by their semiotic/triadic counterparts. This carries implications for evolutionary theory as well as theories of cognition.
Using RECAST theory to examine racial stress appraisal across high schools: Differences in racial threat and support
Authors: Fleming Maureen C. , Stevenson Howard C. , Aisenbrey Emily , McWhirter Benedict T.
Published: August 2024

Data from 318 diverse high school students from three different types of high schools in the United States were collected. School types varied by location (e.g., suburban, urban), size, and student demographics (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the STRESS-Y. Mean comparisons were performed to assess variations in Racial Stress Appraisal across different school types. The EFA of the STRESS-Y confirmed its factor structure, supporting its validity as a measure of RSA in youth and we were able to extract two robust factors—Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal. Mean comparisons revealed that Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal varied across different school types, highlighting the influence of school context on students' experiences of racial stress. This study provides evidence for the validity of the STRESS-Y as a measure of Racial Stress Appraisal in youth. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering school type as a factor influencing students' experiences of racial stress as well as how support, racial coping, and stress management skills may help mitigate ongoing interpersonal harm that youth are experiencing. The validated measure and the understanding of the factors contributing to Racial Stress Appraisal can inform interventions aimed at supporting students in managing and coping with racial stressors in their respective school environments.
Taming numerical imprecision by adapting the KL divergence to negative probabilities
Authors: Pfahler Simon , Georg Peter , Schill Rudolf , Klever Maren , Grasedyck Lars , Spang Rainer , Wettig Tilo
Published: August 2024

The Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence undefined. We address this problem by introducing a parameterized family of substitute divergence measures, the shifted KL (sKL) divergence measures. Our approach is generic and does not increase the computational overhead. We show that the sKL divergence shares important theoretical properties with the KL divergence and discuss how its shift parameters should be chosen. If Gaussian noise is added to a probability vector, we prove that the average sKL divergence converges to the KL divergence for small enough noise. We also show that our method solves the problem of negative entries in an application from computational oncology, the optimization of Mutual Hazard Networks for cancer progression using tensor-train approximations.
Zum Partizipationsermöglichungsdilemma, begrenzter Partizipation und der Forderung einer Reflexiven Demokratiepädagogik
Authors: Gras Juliana
Published: August 2024

Die Institution Schule wird im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs sowie in bildungspolitischen Vorgaben und Empfehlungen als ein zentraler Ort für die Vermittlung und Umsetzung von Demokratie und Inklusion diskutiert. Damit geht der Auftrag einher, Partizipation für alle Schüler*innen zu ermöglichen. Lehrpersonen sind aufgefordert, dies in ihrer schulischen Praxis umzusetzen. Der Klassenrat scheint in normativer Perspektive hierfür prädestiniert. Zwar finden sich Studien zur Wirkung und Gestaltung von Partizipation sowie zum Klassenrat. Der Kontext Inklusion bleibt jedoch unbeleuchtet. Hieran schließt die vorliegende Studie. Entlang eines an der Grounded Theory orientierten Zugangs, unter Einbezug multipler Daten (Beobachtungen, Interviews, Gruppengespräche), wurde danach gefragt, inwiefern Lehrpersonen Partizipation im Klassenrat in inklusiven Settings gestalten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Lehrpersonen in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen Partizipationsermöglichung und -begrenzung bewegen und sich für sie ein Partizipationsermöglichungsdilemma eröffnet, mit dem sie versuchen mittels verschiedener Strategien umzugehen. Dabei stoßen sie an Reibungsmomente und Grenzen, die teils zu exkludierenden Momenten seitens der Schüler*innen führen. Hiervon wird die Notwendigkeit einer Reflexiven Demokratiepädagogik abgeleitet.
Self-Harm Before and Six Months After Obesity Surgery
Authors: Thomas Tobias A. , Tilk Katja , Klassen Katharina , Pommnitz Melanie , Wunder Ruth , Mall Julian W. , Köhler Hinrich , de Zwaan Martina , Meyer Günther , Hüttl Thomas P. , Müller Astrid
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Previous research on obesity surgery (OS) showed that patients do not only experience weight loss but also improvements in certain mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) after OS. However, self-harm behaviors might increase after OS. Regarding self-harm, the literature is mostly limited to studies using data from hospital or emergency room charts. This longitudinal study examined self-reported self-harm behaviors and potential psychopathological correlates before and after OS.

Materials and Methods

Pre-surgery patients (N = 220) filled out a set of questionnaires before and approximately six months after OS. Self-harm behaviors were captured with the Self-Harm Inventory. The assessments further included standardized instruments to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, alcohol use, and suicidal ideations.

Results

Any self-harm was reported by 24.6% before and by 25.0% after OS. No differences in the number of self-harm behaviors or prevalence of any self-harm before and after OS were found. Overall, 11.4% experienced self-harm behaviors at both times. A subset showed self-harm behaviors only before (13.2%) OS and another subset only after OS (13.6%). These two groups were about the same size. Self-harm behaviors showed strong associations with psychopathology after OS, especially with depression and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

No increase in self-harm behaviors after OS emerged. Still, a subgroup showed self-harm behaviors after OS closely linked to further psychopathology. This mirrors the need to implement screening for self-harm before and after OS into OS care. Further studies with longer follow up periods are needed to extend these findings.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of glenohumeral bone loss on range of motion in patients with anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Gaafar Mohamed , Doyle Tom R. , Frank Julia K. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Davey Martin S. , White-Gibson Ailbhe , Khan Sami , Mullett Hannan
Published: August 2024

Background

Loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM) is common after surgical management of anterior shoulder instability; however, it remains unclear to what degree this is related to their injury.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to compare passive shoulder ROM in patients with ASI to a normal contralateral shoulder.

Methods

A total of 121 patients undergoing stabilization surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative advanced imaging was used to assess for glenoid bone loss and the presence of off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. Passive ROM was measured in both shoulders while under anaesthesia prior to surgery.

Results

In all directions, there was a significant loss of ROM in shoulders with instability. Regression analysis showed that neither a glenoid bone defect nor greater glenoid bone loss were associated with a loss of ROM in any plane. The presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion was significantly associated with a loss of external rotation, while off-track lesions were associated with a loss of ROM in all planes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with anterior shoulder instability lost motion in all directions, with a profound loss of external rotation. The presence of a glenoid bone defect nor greater bone loss did not reliably predict a loss of range of motion. A Hill-Sachs lesion was predictive of a loss of external rotation, while an off-track lesion was predictive of a loss of range in all directions.
L2-Quasi-compact and hyperbounded Markov operators
Authors: Cohen Guy , Lin Michael
Published: August 2024

A Markov operator P on a probability space (S, Σ μ) with μ invariant, is called hyperbounded if for some 1 ≤ p≤ q ≤ ∞ it maps (continuously) Lp into Lq.

We deduce from a recent result of Glück that a hyperbounded P is quasi-compact, hence uniformly ergodic, in all Lr(S, μ), 1 < r < ∞. We prove, using a method similar to Foguel’s, that a hyperbounded Markov operator has periodic behavior similar to that of Harris recurrent operators, and for the ergodic case obtain conditions for aperiodicity.

Given a probability ν on the unit circle, we prove that if the convolution operator Pνf:= ν ⋇ f is hyperbounded, then ν is atomless. We show that there is ν absolutely continuous such that Pν is not hyperbounded, and there is ν with all powers singular such that Pν is hyperbounded. As an application, we prove that if Pν is hyperbounded, then for any sequence (nk) of distinct positive integers with bounded gaps, (nkx) is uniformly distributed mod 1 for ν almost every x (even when ν is singular).
Short-term effect of air pollution exposure on COPD exacerbations: a time series study in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: López Astrid Berena Herrera , Torres-Duque Carlos A. , Arbeláez María Patricia , Roa Néstor Yezid Rojas , Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio , Sangrador José Luis Texcalac , Herrera Víctor , Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura Andrea
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Air pollution poses a risk for people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This study estimated the short-term effect of variations in air pollutant concentrations on exacerbations of COPD (COPD-E) in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods

We performed an ecological time series study from 2014 to 2021 to evaluate the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) levels on COPD-E treated in the emergency and hospitalization services. Daily counts of patients with COPD-E discharge diagnoses were obtained from the National Health Information System, and daily measurements of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 concentrations and meteorological data were obtained from air monitoring stations. A Generalized Additive Model was used with Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models to control for confounders.

Results

An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 and O3 was associated with increased COPD-E admissions (lagged 0-3 days) with Relative Risk (RR) of 1.04 (95%CI: 1.02 -1.07) and RR:1.03 (95%CI:1.01 – 1.04), respectively. During the rainy season and minimum temperature of the series, for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, COPD-E admissions (lagged 0-3 days) increased with RR 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01-1.06). A higher magnitude of association was observed in men (PM2.5, 1.04 95%CI:1.01 – 1.06 and O3, 1.04 95%CI:1.02 – 1.05, lag 0-7 days) than in women.

Conclusions

A higher air pollution was associated with more COPD-E. These results highlight the importance of actions aimed at improving air quality.

Graphical Abstract
Malignant Recurrence of Benign Odontogenic Tumors (A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study)
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Manar Abdul-Waniss Mohammed , Rashad Asmaa Emad El-Din Mohammed , Saleh Heba Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite their rarity, malignant odontogenic tumors (MOT) represent an important group of oral lesions characterized by their variable clinical presentations and sometimes unexpected biological behavior.

Objectives

The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the number, types, and frequency of MOT and to investigate the relative rate of malignant transformation in recurrent odontogenic tumors (OT).

Methodology

The records of patients diagnosed with OT in the hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, were reviewed over 10 years (2013-2022). The OT were investigated for frequency, age, gender, site, and recurrence. The data were recorded and then analyzed using SPSS software version 25.

Results

Among 5543 oral excisions, 357 cases of them were OT, including 336 benign (94.1%) and 21 malignant neoplasms (5.9%). Among the odontogenic malignancies, 18 lesions (85.7%) appeared de novo, and 3 lesions (14.3%) developed as recurrent of previously classified benign tumors. A high incidence was observed in the middle and old age groups (90.4%) with a median age being 42. Slight male predilection (1.3:1) was noticed. The mandible was the highly affected site but all recurrent cases were diagnosed in the maxilla as ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (n = 2, 66.6%) and primary intraosseous carcinoma (n = 1, 33.3%).

Conclusion

Retrospective analysis of the relative frequency of MOT and the documentation of the unusual recurrence of benign OT as a malignancy enhances our understanding of OT behavior and the need for appropriate therapy and clinical follow-up.
Mindfulness and proactivity: friends or enemies? Latent profiles and relationships with task performance and creativity
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , Xanthopoulou Despoina , Mäkikangas Anne
Published: August 2024

In line with control theory and related self-regulation perspectives as well as the dual pathway to creativity model, proactivity and mindfulness are both expected to enhance employee task performance and creativity. However, whether proactivity and mindfulness strengthen or undermine each other’s effects remains an open question. To address this question, we conducted a cross-sectional (Study 1; N = 255 employees) and a 4-week diary study (Study 2; N = 143 employees), and we adopted a latent profile analysis (LPA) approach with task performance and creativity as focal outcomes. Even though several employee profiles emerged from the datasets, two of them were replicated across both studies namely, the “proactive employees” (reporting high proactivity and low mindfulness) and the “proactive mindful employees” (reporting high proactivity and high mindfulness). Findings of both studies showed that the “proactive mindful employees” report the highest levels of creativity. The analyses of Study 2 furthermore revealed that both profiles display superior task performance compared to other profiles. The findings are discussed in light of the current debate in the literature, and recommendations for future research as well as for individual employees are provided (e.g., formulating mindful goals in a proactive way or proactive goals in a mindful way).
A lower initial dose of bosutinib for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia patients resistant and/or intolerant to prior therapy: a single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 trial (BOGI trial)
Authors: Ureshino Hiroshi , Takahashi Naoto , Ikezoe Takayuki , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Kimura Satoshi , Fukushima Noriyasu , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Takamori Ayako , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Miura Masatomo , Kimura Shinya
Published: August 2024

Although bosutinib is generally safe and effective, drug-related toxicities (DRTs) such as diarrhea or increased transaminase levels often lead to treatment discontinuation. To clarify whether a lower initial dose of bosutinib (i.e., starting at 200 mg) would reduce rates of discontinuation due to DRTs, we conducted a phase 2 study of BOsutinib Gradual Increase (BOGI trial, UMIN 000032282) as a second/third-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Between February 4, 2019 and May 24, 2022, 35 patients were enrolled. The rate of bosutinib discontinuation at 12 months was 25.7% vs. 35.9% in a historical control study (Japanese phase 1/2 study) (p = 0.102). The rate of bosutinib discontinuation due to DRTs was significantly lower, at 11.4% vs. 28.2% (p = 0.015). The incidence of grade 3/4 transaminase elevation was 20% vs. 29% (p = 0.427), while the incidence of diarrhea was 3% vs. 25% (p = 0.009). The median dose intensity of bosutinib was higher (391.7 mg/day vs. 353.9 mg/day). Pharmacokinetic analysis of bosutinib showed that patients who achieved a major molecular response tended to have high trough concentrations. Thus, a low initial dose of bosutinib followed by dose escalation reduced discontinuation due to severe DRTs while maintaining high dose intensity and efficacy.
Dynamic analysis of the fractional-order logistic equation with two different delays
Authors: El-Saka H. A. A. , El-Sherbeny D. El. A. , El-Sayed A. M. A.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we analyze the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the fractional-order logistic equation with two different delays $$\tau _{1}, \tau _{2}>0$$

τ
1

,

τ
2

>
0

: $$D^{\alpha }y(t)=\rho y(t-\tau _{1})\left( 1-y(t-\tau _{2})\right) $$

D
α

y

(
t
)

=
ρ
y

(
t
-

τ
1

)

1
-
y
(
t
-

τ
2

)

, $$t>0$$

t
>
0

, $$\rho >0$$

ρ
>
0

. We describe stability regions by using critical curves. We explore how the fractional order $$\alpha $$
α
, $$\rho $$
ρ
, and time delays influence the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the model. Then, by choosing $$\rho $$
ρ
, fractional order $$\alpha $$
α
, and time delays as bifurcation parameters, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is studied. An Adams-type predictor–corrector method is extended to solve fractional-order differential equations involving two different delays. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of theoretical results.
Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases
Authors: Bao Qingdong , Zhang Xiaoting , Hao Zhankun , Li Qinghua , Wu Fan , Wang Kaiyuan , Li Yang , Li Wenlong , Gao Hua
Published: August 2024

The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
Assessing Patterns and Trends in Urbanization and Land Use Efficiency Across the Philippines: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Global Earth Observation Data and SDG 11.3.1 Indicators
Authors: Santillan Jojene R. , Heipke Christian
Published: August 2024

Urbanization, a global phenomenon with profound implications for sustainable development, is a focal point of Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11). Aimed at fostering inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urbanization by 2030, SDG 11 emphasizes the importance of monitoring land use efficiency (LUE) through indicator 11.3.1. In the Philippines, urbanization has surged over recent decades. Despite its importance, research on urbanization and LUE has predominantly focused on the country’s national capital region (Metro Manila), while little to no attention is given to comprehensive investigations across different regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities of the country. Additionally, challenges in acquiring consistent spatial data, especially due to the Philippines’ archipelagic nature, have hindered comprehensive analysis. To address these gaps, this study conducts a thorough examination of urbanization patterns and LUE dynamics in the Philippines from 1975 to 2020, leveraging Global Human Settlement Layers (GHSL) data and secondary indicators associated with SDG 11.3.1. Our study examines spatial patterns and temporal trends in built-up area expansion, population growth, and LUE characteristics at both city and municipal levels. Among the major findings are the substantial growth in built-up areas and population across the country. We also found a shift in urban growth dynamics, with Metro Manila showing limited expansion in recent years while new urban growth emerges in other regions of the country. Our analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of Land Consumption Rate (LCR) revealed three distinct evolutional phases: a growth phase between 1975–1990, followed by a decline phase between 1990–2005, and a resurgence phase from 2005–2020. Generally declining trends in LCR and Population Growth Rate (PGR) were evident, demonstrating the country’s direction towards efficient built-up land utilization. However, this efficiency coincides with overcrowding issues as revealed by additional indicators such as the Abstract Achieved Population Density in Expansion Areas (AAPDEA) and Marginal Land Consumption per New Inhabitant (MLCNI). We also analyzed the spatial patterns and temporal trends of LUE across the country and found distinct clusters of transitioning urban centers, densely inhabited metropolises, expanding metropolitan regions, and rapidly growing urban hubs. The study’s findings suggest the need for policy interventions that promote compact and sustainable urban development, equitable regional development, and measures to address overcrowding in urban areas. By aligning policies with the observed spatial and temporal trends, decision-makers can work towards achieving SDG 11, fostering inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urbanization in the Philippines.
Progress of Main-Group Metal-Based Single-Atom Catalysts
Authors: Wang Tongzhou , Sun Yuhan , Fu Genyuan , Jiang Zhiqi , Zheng Xuerong , Li Jihong , Deng Yida
Published: August 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as promising materials in energy conversion and storage systems due to their maximal atom utilization, unique electronic structure, and high efficiency. Among them, main-group metal-based SACs (the s-block and p-block metals) are emerging extraordinary materials and have attracted particular interest in the past few years but are still confronted with several challenges. Initiating with a critical overview of the fundamentals and unique advantages associated with main-group metals, the review proceeds to highlight several types of main-group metal-based SACs. These include s-block metals such as Mg and Ca, and p-block metals such as In, Bi, Al, Ga, Sb, Se, and Sn. The applications of these SACs in diverse chemical energy conversion processes are thoroughly explored. Finally, to promote the future development of highly efficient main-group metal SACs, the critical challenges and prospects in this emerging field are proposed. This review presents a fresh impetus and solid platform for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance main-group metal SAC catalysts for chemical energy conversion fields.

Graphical Abstract

Main-group metal-based SACs are emerging extraordinary materials and have attracted particular interest in the past few years. In this review, several types of main-group metal SACs and their applications in energy storage and conversion are summarized, with the emphasis on the correlation between catalytic activities and geometric structures to guide the construction of novel main-group metal SACs with unrivaled performance
The status of rural children left-behind in China: 2010–2020
Authors: Lyu Lidan , Mei Ziying , Yan Fang , Wang Xu , Duan Chengrong
Published: August 2024

This paper uses the 2010 and 2020 Population Census micro-data to analyze relevant characteristics and trends over the decade. The analysis includes the following aspects: population size of rural children left-behind, their age structure and sex composition, regional distribution, living arrangements, and educational development. The findings show that the population size of rural children left-behind remained large, and the likelihood of children being left-behind was closely related to age, with no significant difference by sex. An increasing proportion of rural children left-behind were cared for by grandparents as more mothers migrated between 2010 and 2020. Rural children left-behind no longer had an advantage in educational opportunities compared with average rural children. Over-age attendance was more prevalent among rural children left-behind than all rural children. Continuous attention should be paid to the issue of rural children left-behind and efforts should be made to address its root causes.
Früh auf braunem Kurs: Die Zeitschrift „Der Landarzt“ zwischen 1933 und 1944
Authors: Bruns Florian , Rauh Philipp
Published: August 2024

Die 1919 gegründete Zeitschrift „Der Landarzt“ ist die Vorgängerin der heutigen „Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin“. Von 1933 bis 1936 trug der „Landarzt“ vorübergehend den Titel „Zentralblatt für Landärzte“. Neben medizinischen Inhalten adressierte das Journal traditionell berufspolitische und alltagspraktische Themen für Landärzte. Bereits 1929 erschienen im „Landarzt“ Artikel zur „Rassenhygiene“, sodass die nationalsozialistische Machtübernahme 1933 in dieser Hinsicht keine besondere Zäsur darstellte. Seit 1937 erschien die Zeitschrift im Stuttgarter Hippokrates-Verlag. In der Folge verstärkte sich die schon vorher bestehende Tendenz zur Naturheilkunde und Homöopathie, was zur Ausrichtung der nationalsozialistischen Gesundheitspolitik in jener Zeit passte. Hoffnungen auf eine nachhaltige Unterstützung der Landärzte durch die Nationalsozialisten erfüllten sich nur teilweise und waren spätestens im Zweiten Weltkrieg obsolet. Im Herbst 1944 musste der „Landarzt“ sein Erscheinen kriegsbedingt einstellen.
On a similarity solution for lock-release gravity currents affected by slope, drag and entrainment
Authors: Ungarish M.
Published: August 2024

We consider the long-time propagation of a Boussinesq inertia–buoyancy (large-Reynolds- number) gravity current released from a lock over a downslope of angle

$\gamma$

, affected by entrainment and drag. We show that the shallow-water (depth-averaged) equations with a Benjamin-type front-jump condition admit a similarity solution

$x_N(t) = K t^{2/3}$

while

$h, \phi, u$

change like

$t$

to the power of

$2/3, -4/3, -1/3$

, respectively; here

$x_N, h, \phi, u$

and

$t$

are the position of the nose (distance from backwall), thickness, concentration of dense fluid, velocity and time, respectively, and K is a constant. Assuming that

$\gamma$

and the coefficients of entrainment and drag are constant, we derive an analytical exact solution for the similarity profiles and show that

$K \propto (\tan \gamma )^{1/3}$

; the driving of the slope is balanced by entrainment and/or drag. The predicted

$t^{2/3}$

propagation is in agreement with previously published experimental data but a conclusive quantitative assessment of the present theory cannot be performed due to various uncertainties (discussed in the paper) that must be resolved by future work.
How to trigger employee proactive behavior? Introducing the ritual perspective
Authors: Ni Dan , Lu Hailing , Wang Yongli
Published: August 2024

Much research on the antecedents of proactive behavior has appeared in the literature, but this research introduces a new ritual perspective to rethink this question. Drawing on the process model of interaction rituals, we propose that work rituals urge employees to share emotional energy, and then, employees are likely to experience a higher level of work meaningfulness. In turn, employees tend to engage in more proactive behavior. Using data from a random assignment field experiment involving 204 employees from a communication corporation in China, we found support for our hypotheses. The implications of our research for theory and practice are discussed.
Spiritual care interventions for palliative care patients: A scoping review
Authors: Jaman-Mewes Paula , Caetano da Silva de Oliveira Mayara , Regina Mazotti Marcia , Salvetti Marina de Goés
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To identify and map spiritual care interventions to address spiritual needs and alleviate suffering of patients in the context of palliative care.

Methods

A scoping review using the PRISMA ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist was conducted according to the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) guidelines. The search was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 using 9 electronic databases and gray literature. Studies on spiritual care interventions in palliative care were included. Disagreements between the 2 reviewers were resolved by discussion or a third reviewer.

Results

A total of 47 studies were included in this review. All selected articles were published between 2003 and 2022. In total, 8 types of spiritual care interventions were identified to assess spiritual needs and/or alleviate suffering: conversations between the patient and a team member, religious practice interventions, therapeutic presence, guided music therapy, multidisciplinary interventions, guided meditation, art therapy, and combined interventions with multiple components such as music, art, integrative therapy, and reflection.

Significance of results

Our study identified few spiritual care interventions in palliative care worldwide. Although this review noted a gradual increase in studies, there is a need to improve the reporting quality of spiritual care interventions, so they can be replicated in other contexts. The different interventions identified in this review can be a contribution to palliative care teams as they provide a basis for what is currently being done internationally to alleviate suffering in palliative care and what can be improved. No patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this methodological research.
Toward Low‐Latency Estimation of Atmospheric CO2 Growth Rates Using Satellite Observations: Evaluating Sampling Errors of Satellite and In Situ Observing Approaches
Authors: Pandey Sudhanshu , Miller John B. , Basu Sourish , Liu Junjie , Weir Brad , Byrne Brendan , Chevallier Frédéric , Bowman Kevin W. , Liu Zhiqiang , Deng Feng , O’Dell Christopher W. , Chatterjee Abhishek
Published: August 2024

The atmospheric CO2 growth rate is a fundamental measure of climate forcing. NOAA's growth rate estimates, derived from in situ observations at the marine boundary layer (MBL), serve as the benchmark in policy and science. However, NOAA's MBL‐based method encounters challenges in accurately estimating the whole‐atmosphere CO2 growth rate at sub‐annual scales. Here we introduce the Growth Rate from Satellite Observations (GRESO) method as a complementary approach to estimate the whole‐atmosphere CO2 growth rate utilizing satellite data. Satellite CO2 observations offer extensive atmospheric coverage that extends the capability of the current NOAA benchmark. We assess the sampling errors of the GRESO and NOAA methods using 10 atmospheric transport model simulations. The simulations generate synthetic OCO‐2 satellite and NOAA MBL data for calculating CO2 growth rates, which are compared against the global sum of carbon fluxes used as model inputs. We find good performance for the NOAA method (R = 0.93, RMSE = 0.12 ppm year−1 or 0.25 PgC year−1). GRESO demonstrates lower sampling errors (R = 1.00; RMSE = 0.04 ppm year−1 or 0.09 PgC year−1). Additionally, GRESO shows better performance at monthly scales than the NOAA method (R = 0.76 vs. 0.47, respectively). Due to CO2's atmospheric longevity, the NOAA method accurately captures growth rates over 5‐year intervals. GRESO's robustness across partial coverage configurations (ocean or land data) shows that satellites can be promising tools for low‐latency CO2 growth rate information, provided the systematic biases are minimized using in situ observations. Along with accurate and calibrated NOAA in situ data, satellite‐derived growth rates can provide information about the global carbon cycle at sub‐annual scales.
Global Warming Favors Rapid Burial of Silver in the Vietnam Upwelling Area
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Liu Shiyan , Kong Deming , Liu Xiaodong , Ning Yu
Published: August 2024

Silver is a highly toxic element for marine organisms. However, its controlling factor in marine sediments remains largely unknown, limiting our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling. Based on a sediment core from the Vietnam upwelling area in the South China Sea, it is found that Ag is significantly enriched in sediments of this area (as high as 0.39 μg/g), and it shows a very similar geochemical behavior to Ca and Sr. Our study supports the theory that Ag could be a marine paleo‐productivity indicator. Burial of Ag over the past 3,200 years shows an abrupt increase at around 1850 CE, in concordance with the global atmospheric CO2 record. It is hypothesized that elevated CO2 and global warming enhance marine productivity in the Vietnam coastal upwelling area, favoring the burial of Ag. Human‐induced global warming thus significantly impacts its biogeochemical cycling.
Assessing Current Coastal Subsidence at Continental Scale: Insights From Europe Using the European Ground Motion Service
Authors: Thiéblemont Rémi , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Nicholls Robert J. , Rohmer Jérémy , Wöppelmann Guy , Raucoules Daniel , de Michele Marcello , Toimil Alexandra , Lincke Daniel
Published: August 2024

Beside climate‐change‐induced sea‐level rise (SLR), land subsidence can strongly amplify coastal risk in flood‐prone areas. Mapping and quantifying contemporary vertical land motion (VLM) at continental scales has long been a challenge due to the absence of gridded observational products covering these large domains. Here, we fill this gap by using the new European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) to assess the current state of coastal VLM in Europe. First, we compare the InSAR‐based EGMS Ortho (Level 3) with nearby global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) vertical velocity estimates and show that the geodetic reference frame used to calibrate EGMS strongly influences coastal vertical land velocity estimates at the millimeter per year level and this needs to be considered with caution. After adjusting the EGMS vertical velocity estimates to a more updated and accurate International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2014), we performed an assessment of VLM in European low elevation coastal flood plains (CFPs). We find that nearly half of the European CFP area is, on average, subsiding at a rate faster than 1 mm/yr. More importantly, we find that urban areas and populations located in the CFP experience a near −1 mm/yr VLM on average (excluding the uplifting Fennoscandia region). For harbors, the average VLM is even larger and increases to −1.5 mm/yr on average. This demonstrates the widespread importance of continental‐scale assessments based on InSAR and GNSS to better identify areas at higher risk from relative SLR due to coastal subsidence.
Large Divergence of Projected High Latitude Vegetation Composition and Productivity Due To Functional Trait Uncertainty
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Holm Jennifer A. , Koven Charles D. , Salmon Verity G. , Rogers Alistair , Torn Margaret S.
Published: August 2024

Vegetation distribution and composition are expected to change in northern high latitudes under rapid warming, which regulates ecosystem functions but remains challenging to predict. Vegetation change arises from the interplay of chronic climate trends such as warming and transient demographic processes of recruitment, growth, competition, and mortality. Most predictive models overlooked the role of demographic dynamics controlled by plant traits. Here, we simulate vegetation dynamics at the Kougarok Hillslope site in Alaska under historical and future climates using the E3SM Land Model coupled to the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Simulator (ELM‐FATES). To evaluate the roles of plant traits, we parameterize the model with 5,265 trait configurations representing diverse physiological and demographic strategies. Results show current modeled biomass, composition, and productivity are most sensitive to traits controlling photosynthetic capacity, carbon allocation, allometry, and phenology. Among all trait configurations, ∼5% reproduce in situ biomass and plant functional type (PFT) composition measured in 2016, that are indistinguishable from these two observed ecosystem states. Notably, these same trait configurations produce diverging biomass, composition, and productivity under future climate, where the uncertainty attributable to traits is twice the change attributable to climate change. The variation of projected productivity arises from emerging PFT composition under novel climate regimes, primarily explained by traits controlling cold‐induced mortality, recruitment, and allometry. Our findings highlight the importance and uncertainty of demographic dynamics and its interaction with climate change in shaping Arctic vegetation change. Improved model predictions will likely benefit from explicit consideration of vegetation demography and better constraints of critical traits.
Strong Field‐Aligned Current and Its Driven Energy Conversion at Anti‐Dipolarization Front
Authors: Du C. X. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Fu W. D. , Cao J. B. , Grigorenko E. , Yu Y.
Published: August 2024

Anti‐dipolarization fronts (ADFs), characterized by the rapid increase of the negative magnetic field Bz component, are typically formed at the leading edge of the tailward reconnection jets in the Earth's magnetotail. To date, the electron‐scale current structures, which govern the energy conversion at ADFs, are still barely understood due to the lack of high‐resolution measurements. Here, using Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we for the first time report a tailward ADF associated with strong field‐aligned current (FAC). The FAC appears at the leading part of the ADF and its densities can reach about 200 nA/m2, which is significantly larger than those reported before. Such current is primarily contributed by the electron flow, which also forms electron beam distribution in the anti‐parallel direction. Significant energy conversion (E⋅ J, E is electric field and J is current density) is also observed at the ADF, which is mainly contributed by the FAC and the fluctuating electric fields. This study makes essential steps toward understanding the current system and the energy conversion at the ADF in the Earth's magnetotail.
Stripe‐Like Echoes Scattered From Nighttime F‐Region Field‐Aligned Irregularities at Low‐Latitudes
Authors: Jia Yuanlin , Chen Gang , Yan Chunxiao , Xu Jiyao , Zhang Shaodong , Gong Wanlin , Li Yaxian , Hu Pengfei
Published: August 2024

The unusual stripe‐like scattered echoes were observed by the Hainan Coherent Scatter Phased Array Radar (HCOPAR) in the nigh of 9 Sep. 2017. There were parallel stripes with the interval of ∼33 min appearing from 12:57 to 17:50 UT. While the emergence of the scattered echoes, the Hainan Digisonde has observed the Spread‐F, and the Total Electron Content (TEC) maps recorded by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in China show that there was no Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB), but the Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) traveled southwestward. The spatial and temporal distributions of the stripe‐like echoes and the MSTID show great consistency, indicating that the F‐region Field‐Aligned Irregularities were generated in the wave peaks and troughs of the MSTID. The MSTID has decayed greatly while reaching the HCOPAR, and the echo pattern is determined by the wave features of the MSTID.
Influences of Stratospheric Arctic Vortex on Surface Air Temperature Over Asia
Authors: Hu Dingzhu , Yang Junjie , Zhang Huimin , Mo Rongzhong , Guan Zhaoyong
Published: August 2024

The influence of northern polar vortex in the stratosphere (SPV) in December‐January on Asia's surface air temperature (SAT) in February has been examined using reanalysis data sets and a barotropic model. An out‐of‐phase interannual linkage between the SPV in December‐January and SAT in February during 1979–2022 has been observed, that is, a strong (weak) SPV corresponds to a cooling (warming) over Asia. Approximately 25% of the SAT over Asia in February can be explained by the SPV in December‐January. This relationship between the SPV and SAT is independent of the Arctic Oscillation. The influence of the SPV on SAT over Asia cannot be solely explained by radiative processes, but is instead related to circulation anomalies in the troposphere. A stronger SPV tends to result in negative geopotential height anomalies with cyclonic circulation over Asia. The SPV‐related geopotential height over Asia is accompanied by a weakened teleconnection pattern between the North Atlantic and Asia, with three centers from the northeastern Atlantic‐eastern Europe‐Asia, and fewer stationary waves propagated from North Atlantic into Asia. These anomalous circulation patterns and anomalous northerly wind over Central Asia in February are beneficial to the colder air transportation from the higher latitudes to Asia, facilitating a surface cooling over Asia. Our results shed light on the interannual linkage between SPV and SAT over Asia, suggesting that the SPV in December‐January could be considered as a new predicator of SAT in February over Asia.
Impact of Peat Extraction on Downstream Concentrations and Attenuation of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nutrients
Authors: Frei Rebecca J. , Shewan Renae , Cao Ming , Abbott Benjamin W. , Olefeldt David
Published: August 2024

Horticultural peat extraction can mobilize dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) to surface waters, harming aquatic ecosystems and water quality. However, it is uncertain how peat extraction affects solute concentration across hydrological and seasonal conditions and how biogeochemical processing in downstream drainage networks responds. Over two years, we used repeated, spatially extensive sampling in stream networks of two mixed land‐use catchments (<200 km2) on the subhumid interior plains of western Canada. We used random forest models to disentangle the effects of land cover, hydrology, and temperature on water chemistry. Peatlands were the dominant source of DOM to streams, but we detected no substantial effect of peat extraction on DOM concentration or composition. Stream discharge was the most important predictor of DOM composition, with generally humic‐like DOM becoming fresher during snowmelt and summer base flow. We detected no effect from peat extraction on soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP) or nitrate (NO3−). However, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was an order of magnitude higher in subcatchments with >40% extracted peatland cover (median: 1.5 mg TAN L−1) compared to catchments with similar intact peatland cover. Mass balance analysis suggested that DOM and inorganic nutrients synchronously attenuated during low flows. During high flows, DOM and inorganic nitrogen were conservatively transported, while SRP was attenuated, likely sorbing to suspended particles. Our study suggests that excess TAN mobilized by peat extraction is utilized in headwaters during low flow but propagates downstream during high flow, with implications for eutrophication that land managers should consider.