bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An extension of the Kakutani–Bohnenblust characterization of $$L^p$$-spaces to $$p\in (0,\infty )$$
Authors: Teerenstra S. , van Rooij A. C. M.
Published: March 2020

For $$p\in [1,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
)

, S. Kakutani and H.F. Bohnenblust have given characterizations of $$L^p$$

L
p

as a Banach lattice. We generalize that result to $$p\in (0,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

. In particular, we show that a quasi-Banach lattice "Equation missing" that satisfies $$\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor u+v\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p=\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor u\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p +\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor v\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p$$

⌋

⌋
u

+
v

⌊

⌊
p

=
⌋

⌋

u

⌊

⌊
p

+
⌋

⌋

v

⌊

⌊

p

if $$u\wedge v =0$$

u
∧
v
=
0

, is isometrically Riesz isomorphic to $$L^p$$

L
p

.
Party leaders and voter responses to political terrorism
Authors: Geys Benny , Hernæs Øystein
Published: March 2020

In this article, we study the political implications of terrorism rooted in extremist political ideologies. Our data uniquely allow studying the potential role of party leader evaluations on political outcomes, including voter turnout and vote choice. To strengthen causal identification, we combine an event-study framework with the fact that Norwegians were affected personally to differing degrees by the 22 July 2011 terror attack because of variation in the victims’ municipalities of residence. Our main findings suggest that extreme right-wing terrorism influences party vote intentions and evaluations of political leaders strongly in the short run, as well as party choice in actual elections in the longer run. We document shifts within Norway’s left-right political blocs rather than shifts between those blocs frequently observed following religious/separatist violence.
Time to Sustained Improvement in Bowel Movement Frequency with Telotristat Ethyl: Analyses of Phase III Studies in Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Dillon Joseph S. , Kulke Matthew H. , Hörsch Dieter , Anthony Lowell B. , Warner Richard R. P. , Bergsland Emily , Welin Staffan , O’Dorisio Thomas M. , Kunz Pamela L. , McKee Chad , Lapuerta Pablo , Banks Phillip , Pavel Marianne
Published: March 2020

Background

Telotristat ethyl is approved to treat carcinoid syndrome diarrhea in combination with somatostatin analogs. In TELESTAR and TELECAST phase III studies, patients with carcinoid syndrome received telotristat ethyl 250 or 500 mg 3 times per day (tid) or placebo tid in addition to somatostatin analogs. The aim of this prespecified analysis was to examine the time to reductions in bowel movements (BMs) in the TELESTAR and TELECAST studies using survival analysis methods.

Methods

First occurrence of sustained response was defined as the time to the first day of 2 consecutive weeks with a mean BM frequency improvement of ≥ 30% from baseline during the 12-week double-blind treatment periods. Time to first ≥ 30% worsening in BM frequency was also measured. Treatments were compared with the log-rank test; Cox regression models provided point and confidence interval estimates of the hazard ratios for each trial.

Results

In TELESTAR and TELECAST, majority of patients (69%) on telotristat ethyl experienced a sustained ≥ 30% improvement in BM frequency. The median time to sustained reduction of at least 30% in BM frequency was significantly faster (fewer days to onset) for telotristat ethyl compared with placebo in both TELESTAR (250 mg, HR = 2.3 [95% CI, 1.3–4.1, P = 0.004]; 500 mg, HR = 2.2 [95% CI, 1.2–3.9, P = 0.009]) and TELECAST (250 mg, HR = 3.9 [95% CI, 1.6–11.1, P = 0.003]; 500 mg, HR = 4.2 [95% CI, 1.7–11.7, P = 0.002]). In TELECAST, 42% of patients on placebo experienced sustained worsening in BM frequency compared with 20% on telotristat ethyl; no significant difference was observed in TELESTAR.

Conclusion

The time of onset of sustained BM frequency improvement mean and range are important when considering use of telotristat ethyl in patients with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. Telotristat ethyl may also reduce sustained worsening in BM frequency.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01677910, NCT02063659
Recent Progress on Carbonaceous Material Engineering for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation
Authors: Zhang Baoshan , Xu Wenwen , Lu Zhiyi , Sun Jie
Published: March 2020

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provides a clean and safe technology for large-scale H2O2production. The core of this project is the development of highly active and highly selective catalysts. Recent studies demonstrate that carbonaceous materials are favorable catalysts because of their low-cost and tunable surface structures. This brief review first summarizes the strategies of carbonaceous material engineering for selective two-electron O2reduction reaction and discusses potential mechanisms. In addition, several device designs using carbonaceous materials as catalysts for H2O2production are introduced. Finally, research directions are proposed for practical application and performance improvement.
Stress generation and non-intrusive measurement in virtual environments using eye tracking
Authors: Hirt Christian , Eckard Marcel , Kunz Andreas
Published: March 2020

In real life, it is well understood how stress can be induced and how it is measured. While virtual reality (VR) applications can resemble such stress inducers, it is still an open question if and how stress can be measured in a non-intrusive way during VR exposure. Usually, the quality of VR applications is estimated by user acceptance in the form of presence. Presence itself describes the individual’s acceptance of a virtual environment as real and is measured by specific questionnaires. Accordingly, it is expected that stress strongly affects this presence and thus also the quality assessment. Consequently, identifying the stress level of a VR user may enable content creators to engage users more immersively by adjusting the virtual environment to the measured stress. In this paper, we thus propose to use a commercially available eye tracking device to detect stress while users are exploring a virtual environment. We describe a user study in which a VR task was implemented to induce stress, while users’ pupil diameter and pulse were measured and evaluated against a self-reported stress level. The results show a statistically significant correlation between self-reported stress and users’ pupil dilation and pulse, indicating that stress measurements can indeed be conducted during the use of a head-mounted display. If this indication can be successfully proven in a larger scope, it will open up a new era of affective VR applications using individual and dynamic adjustments in the virtual environment.
Thumbs up, thumbs down: non-verbal human-robot interaction through real-time EMG classification via inductive and supervised transductive transfer learning
Authors: Kobylarz Jhonatan , Bird Jordan J. , Faria Diego R. , Ribeiro Eduardo Parente , Ekárt Anikó
Published: March 2020

In this study, we present a transfer learning method for gesture classification via an inductive and supervised transductive approach with an electromyographic dataset gathered via the Myo armband. A ternary gesture classification problem is presented by states of ’thumbs up’, ’thumbs down’, and ’relax’ in order to communicate in the affirmative or negative in a non-verbal fashion to a machine. Of the nine statistical learning paradigms benchmarked over 10-fold cross validation (with three methods of feature selection), an ensemble of Random Forest and Support Vector Machine through voting achieves the best score of 91.74% with a rule-based feature selection method. When new subjects are considered, this machine learning approach fails to generalise new data, and thus the processes of Inductive and Supervised Transductive Transfer Learning are introduced with a short calibration exercise (15 s). Failure of generalisation shows that 5 s of data per-class is the strongest for classification (versus one through seven seconds) with only an accuracy of 55%, but when a short 5 s per class calibration task is introduced via the suggested transfer method, a Random Forest can then classify unseen data from the calibrated subject at an accuracy of around 97%, outperforming the 83% accuracy boasted by the proprietary Myo system. Finally, a preliminary application is presented through social interaction with a humanoid Pepper robot, where the use of our approach and a most-common-class metaclassifier achieves 100% accuracy for all trials of a ‘20 Questions’ game.
What is epistemically wrong with research affected by sponsorship bias? The evidential account
Authors: Reutlinger Alexander
Published: March 2020

Biased research occurs frequently in the sciences. In this paper, I will focus on one particular kind of biased research: research that is subject to sponsorship bias. I will address the following epistemological question: what precisely is epistemically wrong (that is, unjustified) with biased research of this kind? I will defend the evidential account of epistemic wrongness: that is, research affected by sponsorship bias is epistemically wrong if and only if the researchers in question make false claims about the (degree of) evidential support of some hypothesis H by data E. I will argue that the evidential account captures the epistemic wrongness of three paradigmatic types of sponsorship bias.
Performance of wastewater treatment during variable temperature
Authors: Alisawi Hussein Abed Obaid
Published: March 2020

The general aims of the biological treatment of wastewater (BTW) are to convert (i.e., oxidizes) dissolved and particulate decomposable elements into satisfactory end products. Biological process produces huge quantity of biological wastewater sludge composed of water, microorganisms, and organic and inorganic constituents, for example, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N2) as well as many contaminants such as substantial metals, organic pollutants and pathogen in waste sludge. BTW is affected by various factors, among which temperature is the major one. In coldest and hottest regions, there are enormous challenges, and it is difficult to understand what the optimal treatment of wastewater is, particularly if the temperature is changed from less than 4 °C and more than 70 °C. This article presents an exhaustive review of previous studies and suggests a direction for future developments. It is expected that this study will make understanding of behavior of the biological treatment during extreme circumstances.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment of Hoshangabad and Budni industrial area, Madhya Pradesh, India, using geospatial techniques
Authors: Ahirwar Rakesh , Malik Mohammad Subzar , Shukla Jai Prakash
Published: March 2020

The quality of groundwater can be determined by hydrogeological formations which vary geographically. Subsurface geology has significant role in governing the movement and quality of groundwater. The present study aims assessment of groundwater contamination vulnerability in Hoshangabad and Budni industrial area using the DRASTIC model approach. The model is hybridization of the seven parameters that provides input to the model. In the model, rating and weightage to each parameter were assigned as per the relative significance of the parameter in groundwater contamination. Groundwater contamination vulnerability index (GWVI) has been computed by integrating of these data layers in ArcGIS environment. The obtained GWVI in the area varies from 66 to 170, which was further divided into five zones, i.e. (1) very low GW contamination zone, (2) low GW contamination zone, (3) moderate GW contamination zone, (4) high GW contamination zone and (5) very high GW contamination zone. Further, the model has been validated by analysing the sulphide concentration in groundwater of the delineated GW contamination vulnerable zones. The model has been found effective for the prevailing hydrogeological settings of the area. The model can serve as an effective tool for the concerned authority, social workers and government/non-organizations for the management of groundwater resources in the area. Further, application of the GIS technique has been found useful in preparing the database of each variable of the model.
How to report educational videos in robotic surgery: an international multidisciplinary consensus statement
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Smart Neil , McGrath John , Cahill Ronan A. , Spinelli Antonino , Challacombe Ben , Belyansky Igor , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Munikrishnan Venkatesh , Pellino Gianluca , Ahmed Jamil , Muysoms Filip , Saklani Avanish , Khan Jim , Popowich Daniel , Ballecer Conrad , Coleman Mark G.
Published: March 2020

The swift endorsement of the robotic surgical platform indicates that it might prevail as the preferred technique for many complex abdominal and pelvic operations. Nonetheless, use of the surgical robotic system introduces further layers of complexity into the operating theatre necessitating new training models. Instructive videos with relevant exposition could be optimal for early training in robotic surgery and the aim of this study was to develop consensus guidelines on how to report a robotic surgery video for educational purposes to achieve high quality educational video outputs that could enhance surgical training. A steering group prepared a Delphi survey of 46 statements, which was distributed and voted on utilising an electronic survey tool. The selection of committee members was designed to include representative surgical trainers worldwide across different specialties, including lower and upper gastrointestinal surgery, general surgery, gynaecology and urology. 36 consensus statements were approved and classified in seven categories: author’s information and video introduction, case presentation, demonstration of the surgical procedure, outcomes of the procedure, associated educational content, review of surgical videos quality and use of surgical videos in educational curricula. Consensus guidelines on how to report robotic surgery videos for educational purposes have been elaborated utilising Delphi methodology. We recommend that adherence to the guidelines presented could support advancing the educational quality of video outputs when designed for training.
Testosterone increases apoptotic cell death and decreases mitophagy in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy cells
Authors: Jankauskaitė Elona , Ambroziak Anna Maria , Hajieva Parvana , Ołdak Monika , Tońska Katarzyna , Korwin Magdalena , Bartnik Ewa , Kodroń Agata
Published: March 2020

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is one of the most common mitochondrial diseases caused by point mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The majority of diagnosed LHON cases are caused by a point mutation at position 11,778 in the mitochondrial genome. LHON mainly affects young men in their 20s and 30s with usually poor visual prognosis. It remains unexplained why men are more likely to develop the disease and why only retinal ganglion cells are affected. In this study, a cell model was used for the first time to investigate the influence of testosterone on the cell death mechanism apoptosis and on an autophagy/mitophagy. Cells with m.11778G > A were found to be significantly more susceptible to nucleosome formation and effector caspase activation that serve as hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. Cells having this mutation expressed higher levels of mitophagic receptors BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix in a medium with testosterone. Moreover, cells having the mutation exhibited greater mitochondrial mass, which suggests these cells have a decreased cell survival. The observed decrease in cell survival was supported by the observed increase in apoptotic cell death. Autophagy was analyzed after inhibition with Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1). The results indicate impairment in autophagy in LHON cells due to lower autophagic flux supported by observed lower levels of autophagosome marker LC3-II. The observed impaired lower autophagic flux in mutant cells correlated with increased levels of BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix in mutant cells.
Update on the “Choosing Wisely” initiative in infectious diseases in Germany
Authors:   the Choosing Wisely (Klug entscheiden) DGI Working Group, Draenert Rika , Jung Norma
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The Choosing Wisely® initiative is an international campaign addressing over- and underuse of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in infectious diseases among others. Since 2016, the German Society for Infectious Diseases (DGI) has constantly designed new items in this regard. Here we report the most recent recommendations.

Methods

The recommendations of the DGI are part of the “Klug entscheiden” initiative of the German Society of Internal Medicine (DGIM). Topics for the new items were suggested by members of the DGI, checked for scientific evidence and consented within the DGI and the DGIM before publication.

Results

The new recommendations are: (1) individuals with immune-suppression, advanced liver cirrhosis or renal insufficiency should receive a dual pneumococcal vaccination. (2) In case of positive blood cultures with Candida spp. thorough diagnostics and treatment should be initiated. (3) In case of suspected meningitis, adult patients should receive dexamethasone and antibiotics immediately after venipuncture for blood cultures and before potential imaging. (4) In case of suspected meningitis a CT scan before lumbar puncture should not be ordered—except for symptoms indicating high CSF pressure or focal brain pathology or in cases of severe immune-suppression. (5) In patients with suspected severe infections, a minimum of two pairs of blood cultures should be drawn using separate venipunctures prior to antibiotic therapy—regardless of body temperature. There is no need of a minimum time interval in between the blood draws.

Conclusion

Applying these new Choosing Wisely® recommendations will increase patient safety and the value of health care.
Towards robotic steel construction through adaptive incremental point welding
Authors: Heimig T. , Kerber E. , Stumm S. , Mann S. , Reisgen U. , Brell-Cokcan S.
Published: March 2020

Additive manufacturing enables industries with a new production typology. For the metal manufacturing industry, this new means of production extends the spectrum of achievable building parts that can be fabricated and integrated into architectural designs. Consequently, this process is becoming increasingly relevant for construction industries. The application of additive manufacturing in metal fabrication industries requires high performance technology and extensive knowledge of material and process. Within this paper, we focus on the implementation of incremental point welding as a metal additive arc welding strategy. The goal is the realization and optimization of a manufacturing method which implements adaptive strategies in the control of this production process. In this research, incremental point welding is used for the production of branching structures. Incremental point welding is a type of metal arc additive manufacturing which deposits material by adding individual welding points rather than layering welding seams. This process is interesting for a number of reasons. The incremental application of individual metal drops simplifies the analysis and forecast of residual stress and temperature developments. Consistent arc initialization within point welding is hard to control and, therefore, requires further exploration. This led to the following research in developing an adaptive process. Furthermore, the potential of the process is increased by the possibility of tool-path adaptivity for a robotic system enabling the robot to produce welds at complex approach angles. This research developed a novel approach, able to manufacture complex branching structures while compensating for inaccuracies caused by the welding process using image processing and an adaptive strategy. First experiments showed the possibility to work at a range of overhang angle in addition to multiple approach angles up to 50°. This adaptive process increases the potential application of this technology for the extensions of existing structures as well as repair of metal structures through incremental point welding.
Physical functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced dispersibility in aqueous medium
Authors: Youssry Mohamed , Al-Ruwaidhi Maisa , Zakeri Mahdiyeh , Zakeri Mohadese
Published: March 2020

Noncovalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; SDBS and sodium cholate; SC) results in stable aqueous dispersions. SDBS showed better dispersing efficiency at lower concentration than that of SC due to the stabilizing π-π stacking induced by the presence of benzene ring in the tail of SBDS. The hemimicelle formation on the surface of nanotubes is likely to be the dominant dispersion mechanism that imparts higher colloidal stability for the MWCNTs in aqueous medium.
The realization of fertility intentions in the context of childbearing postponement: comparison of transitional and post-transitional populations
Authors: Kocourková Jiřina , Šťastná Anna
Published: March 2020

Childbearing postponement is a key demographic change that has been experienced by most European countries. It leads to a late-fertility pattern, with women realizing their reproductive plans preferentially after the age of 30. This may result in a lower fertility level. Since the ideal family size has not changed in most European countries, it has been argued that the end of the postponement transition further depends on the extent to which the lower fertility of younger women is compensated for by an increase in that of older women. Thus, the completion of the transition depends not only on the formation of a late childbearing pattern, but also on the capability of women to realize their reproductive plans if they commence childbearing later in their lives. This study employed a new approach to assess postponement transition based on analysis of the realization of the fertility intentions of women at later childbearing ages using survey panel data. A method that enables the differentiation between transitional and post-transitional cohorts was applied. The investigation was based on a comparison of the postponement transition in Czechia and France, the former being a post-communist and the latter a Western European country. It was found that despite having a similar pattern of fertility timing, Czechia and France underwent differing phases of postponement transition. The Czech population was identified as being transitional since only the ‘transition’ cohorts had completed their fertility during the period under study. These cohorts did not show a significant increase in realization of fertility intentions in later age. In contrast, the post-transitional French population is characterized by higher completed cohort fertility rates amongst women who entered motherhood at the age of 30 and over and by the significantly higher realization of fertility intentions for women aged 30–34 years.
From Trees to Ecosystems: Spatiotemporal Scaling of Climatic Impacts on Montane Landscapes Using Dendrochronological, Isotopic, and Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Correa‐Díaz A. , Silva L. C. R. , Horwath W. R. , Gómez‐Guerrero A. , Vargas‐Hernández J. , Villanueva‐Díaz J. , Suárez‐Espinoza J. , Velázquez‐Martínez A.
Published: March 2020

An interdisciplinary approach is needed for understanding tree physiology and forest biogeochemical cycles undergoing climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. We combined tree ring time series, wood isotope signatures, remotely sensed variables, and climatic data to perform a spatiotemporal scaling analysis of tree physiology and high‐elevation forest responses to rising CO2. The main question addressed is how tree physiological performance of dominant trees can be combined with satellite‐derived information of stand‐level productivity to understand how the landscape shapes the relationship between forest structure and function. Annually resolved tree ring carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ18O), carbon isotope discrimination from CO2 to wood (Δ13C), and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) of dominant Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees were sampled and compared against stand‐level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from 2000 to 2016. Linear mixed‐effects models tested the effects of elevation, aspect, and time. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were correlated with NDVI mainly for the previous fall‐winter season and for the beginning of the growing season. Wood δ13C decreased over time regardless of spatial position, whereas wood δ18O varied as a function of altitude and time. Although Δ13C did not vary with elevation, aspect, or time, a notable decline in Δ13C and peak in iWUE during a severe drought event was evident. Results highlight the link between remotely sensed data, tree ring isotopic composition, and tree physiology as the determining factors to determine spatiotemporal variability in dendroecological studies.
LUCC‐Driven Changes in Gross Primary Production and Actual Evapotranspiration in Northern China
Authors: Li Congcong , Zhang Yongqiang , Shen Yanjun , Kong Dongdong , Zhou Xinyao
Published: March 2020

Gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are the key variables in global carbon and water cycle, respectively. Therefore, it is important to understand how they respond to land use and land cover change (LUCC). Northern China has experienced dramatic LUCC because of a large‐scale ecological restoration project implemented since 1999. This study uses a diagnostic model (PML‐V2) driven by satellite data to quantify LUCC‐driven changes in GPP and ET, at 500 m resolution in northern China from 2004 to 2017. The results indicate that the GPP and ET of northern China has increased by 164 TgC year−1 and 13 km3 year−1. The GPP and ET are strongly increased in the Loess Plateau and Northeast China Plain in the research period, especially after 2009. Cropland has the highest GPP change of 184 gC m−2 year−1 was in Loess Plateau, followed by the Northeast China Plain (128 gC m−2 year−1) and then the Inner Mongolia Plateau (82 gC m−2 year−1). The highest ET increase of 45 mm year−1 occurs in shrubland in the Loess Plateau, followed by the increase of 20 mm year−1 in the Northeast China Plain. The increase in leaf area index is the major cause of GPP and ET increases for these regions. Our results suggest that it is necessary to carefully plan the afforestation and other land use change patterns for sustainable water resources management.
Identification of Sca-1+Abcg1+ bronchioalveolar epithelial cells as the origin of lung adenocarcinoma in Gprc5a-knockout mouse model through the interaction between lung progenitor AT2 and Lgr5 cells
Authors: Yin Huijing , Jiang Zhengyu , Feng Xu , Ji Zhaodong , Jin Wei
Published: March 2020

The reason for the reduced efficacy of lung cancer therapy is the existence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CSCs results in evolved phenotypes with increased malignancy, leading to therapy failure. Here, we propose a new therapeutic strategy: investigating the “transitional” cells that represent the stage between normal lung stem cells and lung CSCs. Identifying and targeting the key molecule that drives carcinogenesis to inhibit or reverse this process would thus provide new perspectives for early diagnosis and intervention in lung cancer. We used Gprc5a-knockout (KO) mice, the first animal model of spontaneous lung adenocarcinoma established by the deletion of a single lung tumor suppressor gene. We investigated the interaction of lung progenitor cells AT2 with Lgr5 cells in the generation of CSCs and related signaling mechanism. In the present study, using Gprc5a-KO mice, we found the initiator Sca-1+Abcg1+ subset with a CSC-like phenotype within the lung progenitor AT2 cell population in mice that had not yet developed tumors. We confirmed the self-renewal and tumor initiation capacities of this subset in vitro, in vivo, and clinical samples. Mechanistically, we found that the generation of Sca-1+Abcg1+ cells was associated with an interaction between AT2 and Lgr5 cells and the subsequent activation of the ECM1-α6β4-ABCG1 axis. Importantly, Sca-1+Abcg1+ and SPA+ABCG1+ cells specifically existed in the small bronchioles of Gprc5a-KO mice and patients with pneumonia, respectively. Thus, the present study unveiled a new kind of lung cancer-initiating cells (LCICs) and provided potential markers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
BET protein inhibitor JQ1 downregulates chromatin accessibility and suppresses metastasis of gastric cancer via inactivating RUNX2/NID1 signaling
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Zhang Shu , Wang Lei , Huang Shuling , Yuan Yue , Yang Jie , Wang Hui , Li Xihan , Wang Pin , Zhou Lin , Yang Jun , Xu Yuemei , Gao Huan , Zhang Yixuan , Lv Ying , Zou Xiaoping
Published: March 2020

Chromatin accessibility is critical for tumor development, whose mechanisms remain unclear. As a crucial regulator for chromatin remodeling, BRD4 promotes tumor progression by regulating multiple genes. As a small-molecule inhibitor of BRD4, JQ1 has potent chemotherapeutic activity against various human cancers. However, whether JQ1 has potential anti-tumor effects and how JQ1 regulates global transcription in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In this research, we found BRD4 was highly expressed in GC tissues and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. JQ1 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of GC cells in vitro. Besides, JQ1 suppressed the migration and invasion of cancer cells by inducing MET. Notably, an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data showed that JQ1 obviously downregulated the chromatin accessibility of GC cells and differentially accessible regions were highly enriched for RUNX2-binding motifs. Combinational analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data discovered NID1 as the downstream target of JQ1 and JQ1 reduced NID1 expression in GC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter gene assay, and rescue experiments all confirmed that RUNX2/NID1 axis was responsible for JQ1-inhibiting metastasis of GC cells. What’s more, high expression of NID1 in GC tissues also predicted poor survival outcome of cancer patients and NID1 knockdown prohibited migration and invasion of cancer cells via partially inducing MET. Finally, in vivo models showed that JQ1 prevented GC growth and suppressed cancer metastasis. In conclusion, JQ1 inhibits the malignant progression of GC by downregulating chromatin accessibility and inactivating RUNX2/NID1 signaling. In addition, NID1 is also a novel therapeutic target for progressive GC patients.
Lactic acidosis induces resistance to the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib in colon cancer cells
Authors: Barnes Emily M. E. , Xu Yitao , Benito Adrian , Herendi Lili , Siskos Alexandros P. , Aboagye Eric O. , Nijhuis Anke , Keun Hector C.
Published: March 2020

Background

Akt signalling regulates glycolysis and drives the Warburg effect in cancer, thus decreased glucose utilisation is a pharmacodynamic marker of Akt inhibition. However, cancer cells can utilise alternative nutrients to glucose for energy such as lactate, which is often elevated in tumours together with increased acidity. We therefore hypothesised that lactic acidosis may confer resistance to Akt inhibition.

Methods

The effect of the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib (GSK2141795), on HCT116 and LS174T colon cancer cells was evaluated in the presence and absence of lactic acid in vitro. Expression of downstream Akt signalling proteins was determined using a phosphokinase array and immunoblotting. Metabolism was assessed using1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, stable isotope labelling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results

Lactic acid-induced resistance to uprosertib was characterised by increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis. Uprosertib treatment reduced Akt signalling and glucose uptake irrespective of lactic acid supplementation. However, incorporation of lactate carbon and enhanced respiration was maintained in the presence of uprosertib and lactic acid. Inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative phosphorylation was sufficient to potentiate apoptosis in the presence of uprosertib.

Conclusions

Lactic acidosis confers resistance to uprosertib, which can be reversed by inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative metabolism.
Rationale for reconsidering current regulations restricting use of hybrids in orange juice
Authors: Stover Ed , Gmitter Frederick G. , Grosser Jude , Baldwin Elizabeth , Wu Guohong Albert , Bai Jinhe , Wang Yu , Chaires Peter , Motamayor Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry, threatens the entire U.S. citrus industry, and globally is rapidly spreading. Florida’s citrus production is 90% sweet orange, which is quite sensitive to HLB. The heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of citrus. Furthermore, 90% of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the “orange juice standard”, specifying that at least 90% of “orange juice” must be derived fromCitrus sinensis. Genomic analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species, but just one of many introgression hybrids ofC. reticulataandC. maxima, with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid, the “sweet orange”. No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic base. Fortunately, there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB, and in some cases they produce juice, alone or in blends, that consumers would recognize as “orange juice”. Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in “orange juice”, providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids, leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.
Evidence of metasomatism in the interior of Vesta
Authors: Zhang Ai-Cheng , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Bao Huiming , Liu Jia , Qin Liping , Kuroda Minami , Gao Jian-Feng , Chen Li-Hui , He Ye , Sakamoto Naoya , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: March 2020

Diogenites are a group of meteorites that are derived from the interior of the largest protoplanet Vesta. They provide a unique opportunity to understanding together the internal structure and dynamic evolution of this protoplanet. Northwest Africa (NWA) 8321 was suggested to be an unbrecciated noritic diogenite meteorite, which is confirmed by our oxygen and chromium isotopic data. Here, we find that olivine in this sample has been partly replaced by orthopyroxene, troilite, and minor metal. The replacement texture of olivine is unambiguous evidence of sulfur-involved metasomatism in the interior of Vesta. The presence of such replacement texture suggests that in NWA 8321, the olivine should be of xenolith origin while the noritic diogenite was derived from partial melting of pre-existing rocks and had crystallized in the interior of Vesta. The post-Rheasilvia craters in the north-polar region on Vesta could be the potential source for NWA 8321.
Nanohybrids of a MXene and transition metal dichalcogenide for selective detection of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Chen Winston Yenyu , Jiang Xiaofan , Lai Sz-Nian , Peroulis Dimitrios , Stanciu Lia
Published: March 2020

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have been recently receiving attention for gas sensing. However, studies on hybridization of MXenes and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as gas-sensing materials are relatively rare at this time. Herein, Ti3C2Tx and WSe2 are selected as model materials for hybridization and implemented toward detection of various volatile organic compounds. The Ti3C2Tx/WSe2 hybrid sensor exhibits low noise level, ultrafast response/recovery times, and good flexibility for various volatile organic compounds. The sensitivity of the hybrid sensor to ethanol is improved by over 12-fold in comparison with pristine Ti3C2Tx. Moreover, the hybridization process provides an effective strategy against MXene oxidation by restricting the interaction of water molecules from the edges of Ti3C2Tx. An enhancement mechanism for Ti3C2Tx/WSe2 heterostructured materials is proposed for highly sensitive and selective detection of oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds. The scientific findings of this work could guide future exploration of next-generation field-deployable sensors.
A phenotypic approach to probing cellular outcomes using heterobivalent constructs
Authors: Bhadoria Rohit , Ping Kefeng , Lohk Christer , Järving Ivar , Starkov Pavel
Published: March 2020

By comparing the induction of the phenotype of interest, cell viability and cellular uptake, we demonstrate that various conjugates lead to divergent cellular outcomes.
Supplementation of nano-bubble curcumin extract improves gut microbiota composition and exercise performance in mice
Authors: Chen Yi-Ming , Chiu Wan-Chun , Chiu Yen-Shuo , Li Tong , Sung Hsin-Ching , Hsiao Chien-Yu
Published: March 2020

NCE supplementation was able to modulate the gut microbiota increased the Lactobacillus genus.
Metallomics reveals a persisting impact of cadmium on the evolution of metal-selective snail metallothioneins
Authors: Dallinger Reinhard , Zerbe Oliver , Baumann Christian , Egger Bernhard , Capdevila Mercé , Palacios Òscar , Albalat Ricard , Calatayud Sara , Ladurner Peter , Schlick-Steiner Birgit C , Steiner Florian M , Pedrini-Martha Veronika , Lackner Reinhard , Lindner Herbert , Dvorak Martin , Niederwanger Michael , Schnegg Raimund , Atrian Silvia
Published: March 2020

The tiny contribution of cadmium (Cd) to the composition of the earth’s crust contrasts with its high biological significance, owing mainly to the competition of Cd with the essential zinc (Zn) for suitable metal binding sites in proteins. In this context it was speculated that in several animal lineages, the protein family of metallothioneins (MTs) has evolved to specifically detoxify Cd. Although the multi-functionality and heterometallic composition of MTs in most animal species does not support such an assumption, there are some exceptions to this role, particularly in animal lineages at the roots of animal evolution. In order to substantiate this hypothesis and to further understand MT evolution, we have studied MTs of different snails that exhibit clear Cd-binding preferences in a lineage-specific manner. By applying a metallomics approach including 74 MT sequences from 47 gastropod species, and by combining phylogenomic methods with molecular, biochemical, and spectroscopic techniques, we show that Cd selectivity of snail MTs has resulted from convergent evolution of metal-binding domains that significantly differ in their primary structure. We also demonstrate how their Cd selectivity and specificity has been optimized by the persistent impact of Cd through 430 million years of MT evolution, modifying them upon lineage-specific adaptation of snails to different habitats. Overall, our results support the role of Cd for MT evolution in snails, and provide an interesting example of a vestigial abiotic factor directly driving gene evolution. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of our findings for studies devoted to the understanding of mechanisms leading to metal specificity in proteins, which is important when designing metal-selective peptides.
Cu(ii) salen and 1,2,4-triazole complexes from thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, physicochemical and structural properties and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Avcu Altiparmak Elif , Erdemir Gökçe , Özdemir Namık , Kuruca Serap Erdem , Bal-Demirci Tülay
Published: March 2020

The complexes were synthesized from reaction of salicylaldehydethiosemicarbazone and ethylenediamine in the presence of CuCl2.
Rapid and facile synthesis of hierarchical nanocrystalline SSZ-13 via the interzeolite transformation of ZSM-5
Authors: Li Qiang , Bing Liancheng , Li Fangni , Liu Jiajia , Han Dezhi , Wang Fang , Wang Guangjian
Published: March 2020

Hierarchical SSZ-13 was successfully synthesized via the interzeolite conversion of ZSM-5 with high framework density (FD = 18.4 T/1000 Å3) in the presence of N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydroxide (TMAdaOH) under hydrothermal conditions.
Designing the recognition of Sn2+ ions and antioxidants: N-heterocyclic organosilatranes and their magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Diksha  , Singh Akshpreet , Sanchita  , Sharma Geetika , Shilpy  , Pawan  , Espinosa-Ruíz Cristóbal , Esteban María Angeles
Published: March 2020

The present work involves synthesis of new series of N-heterocyclic unsymmetrical organosilatranes and the synthesized compounds were explored for the detection of Sn2+, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity.
Visible-light-driven selective alcohol dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis via the Mott Schottky effect
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Suyuan , Tao Huilin , Yan Xuyan , Tan Yanxi , Zhang Yongfan , Gao Shuiying , Cao Rong
Published: March 2020

This work realized the dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol simultaneously.
Stable cellulose-based porous binary metal–organic gels as highly efficient adsorbents and their application in an adsorption bed for chlortetracycline hydrochloride decontamination
Authors: Liu Meijun , Zou Donglei , Ma Taigang , Liu Zhi , Yu Haiyang , Li Yangxue , Qiao Zhen-An
Published: March 2020

JLUE-MOG-4@cellulose aerogels were fabricated through an in situ growth strategy and exhibited superb CTC removal in a custom-made adsorption bed as immobilized adsorbents for continuous CTC capture.
An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for the detection of diethylstilbestrol based on the enhancing mechanism of the metal–organic framework NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/K2S2O8 system
Authors: Li Jingxian , Shan Xueling , Jiang Ding , Chen Zhidong
Published: March 2020

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on PTCA/NH2-MIL-125 for the determination of diethylstilbestrol.
VOCs determination by adsorbent-Raman system in food and botanicals
Authors: Park Jinhyuk , Thomasson J. Alex , Lee Kyung-Min , Suh Charles P.-C. , Perez Jose L. , Herrman Timothy J.
Published: March 2020

The development of adsorbent-Raman spectroscopy makes it possible to do pre-concentration of the VOCs and to detect the VOCs simultaneously.
A fluorescence-positioned hybridization chain reaction system for sensitive detection of Salmonella in milk
Authors: Yang Guotai , Yu Shuang , Liu Yang , Huang Jin , Li Qianying , Aguilar Zoraida P. , Xu Hengyi
Published: March 2020

In this study, a fluorescence-positioned hybridization chain reaction (HCR) system for the detection of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) specific to Salmonella was developed.
A membraneless gas-trapping device for cyanide detection and quantification
Authors: Lorpaiboon Chatipat , Lorpaiboon Wanutcha , Dangkulwanich Manchuta
Published: March 2020

A novel device for trapping gaseous compounds was invented and employed to create a user-friendly cyanide test kit for aqueous solutions.
Crystal structure and orientation of organic semiconductor thin films by microcrystal electron diffraction and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Levine Andrew M. , Bu Guanhong , Biswas Sankarsan , Tsai Esther H. R. , Braunschweig Adam B. , Nannenga Brent L.
Published: March 2020

The complementary methods of MicroED and GIWAXS provide insight into crystal structure arrangement in organic semiconductor thin films.
Fluorescence to multi-colored phosphorescence interconversion of a novel, asterisk-shaped luminogen via multiple external stimuli
Authors: Jia Xiaoyong , Yue Bingbing , Zhou Lulu , Niu Xiling , Wu Weiling , Zhu Liangliang
Published: March 2020

Photoluminescence from blue fluorescence to green, yellow, and orange phosphorescence can be switched via multiple stimuli on an asterisk-shaped compound.
A highly substituted pyrazinophane generated from a quinoidal system via a cascade reaction
Authors: Anderson Christopher L. , Liang Jiatao , Teat Simon J. , Garzón-Ruiz Andrés , Nenon David P. , Navarro Amparo , Liu Yi
Published: March 2020

[2.2](2,5)pyrazinophanes are strained macrocycles exhibiting through-space electron density that are difficult to access synthetically. A highly-substituted member of this family is synthesized and characterized.
Synergism of photocycloaddition and photoinduced electron transfer for multi-state responsive materials with high-stability and reversibility
Authors: Yang Xiao-Dong , Ma Mei-Jing , Pang Xin-Zhu , Chen Yun-Rui , Rooney David , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

Dual-photoresponsive coordination polymer displaying color-distinguishable radical states has been obtained based on the synergism of photocycloaddition and photoinduced electron transfer reactions.
β-FeOOH: a new anode for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Qin Liping , Xu Guofu , Guo Shan , Ma Shuci , Zhao Yunxiang , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: March 2020

β-FeOOH is employed as an anode for potassium-ion batteries, exhibiting high capacity and good cycling stability. The K+ storage mechanism of β-FeOOH is being investigated.
Metal–organic polyhedra crosslinked supramolecular polymeric elastomers
Authors: Zhao Jun , Cheng Lin , Liu Kai , Zhang Zhaoming , Yu Wei , Yan Xuzhou
Published: March 2020

Supramolecular polymeric elastomers crosslinked by metal–organic polyhedra were developed, featuring not only tunable mechanical properties but also dynamic actuation behaviors.
Tumor-targeted near-infrared fluorophore for fluorescence-guided phototherapy
Authors: Park Min Ho , Jo Gayoung , Kim Eun Jeong , Jung Jin Seok , Hyun Hoon
Published: March 2020

A multifunctional near-infrared fluorophore CA800SO3 is developed based on the structure-inherent targeting strategy for synchronous tumor-targeted imaging and photothermal/photodynamic dual-therapy.
Structures, stabilities and aromatic properties of endohedrally transition metal doped boron clusters M@B22, M = Sc and Ti: a theoretical study
Authors: Celaya Christian A. , Buendía Fernando , Miralrio Alan , Paz-Borbón Lauro Oliver , Beltran Marcela , Nguyen Minh Tho , Sansores Luis E.
Published: March 2020

A genetic search algorithm in conjunction with density functional theory calculations was used to determine the lowest-energy minima of the pure B22 cluster and thereby to evaluate the capacity of its isomers to form endohedrally doped cages.
A unique pentagonal network structure of the NiS2 monolayer with high stability and a tunable bandgap
Authors: Wang Chang-Tian , Du Shixuan
Published: March 2020

The NiS2 monolayer with an intriguing pentagonal ring network is stable up to 500 K based on density functional theory calculations.
Recent achievements in CO2-assisted and CO2-catalyzed biomass conversion reactions
Authors: Park Chanyeong , Lee Jechan
Published: March 2020

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted great interest as a catalyst and reaction medium for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added commodity chemicals.
Recycling lithium-ion batteries: adding value with multiple lives
Authors: Wu Jimmy , Mackenzie Andrew , Sharma Neeraj
Published: March 2020

A mixed metal compound from separation and processing of spent batteries is demonstrated to be feasible as a “second-life” anode.
A facile solvothermal synthesis of Pt1.2Co/C bimetallic nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Xilong , Yang Chen , Cao Lijuan , Liang Han-Pu
Published: March 2020

A bimetallic alloyed Pt1.2Co/C catalyst, which exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for both MOR and HER, was synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal approach.
Breaking symmetry in device design for self-driven 2D material based photodetectors
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhou Changjian , Chai Yang
Published: March 2020

By elaborating the concept of symmetry breaking in 2D material based photodetectors, we give a concise and generalized framework which covers existing photodetectors with self-driven properties.