bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Base-Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction Mediated by Lewis Acids
Authors: Niwa Takashi , Uetake Yuta , Isoda Motoyuki , takimoto tadashi , Nakaoka Miki , Hashizume Daisuke , Sakurai Hidehiro , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: May 2021

The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) reaction of organohalides and organoborons is a reliable carbon–carbon bond-forming method. This reaction involves a base-mediated transmetalation process, but the presence of a base also promotes competitive protodeborylation, which reduces the efficiency. Herein, we established a base-free SMC reaction via Lewis acid-mediated transmetalation of an organopalladium(II) intermediate with organoborons. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the controlled release of the transmetalation-active intermediate enabled base-free transmetalation under heating conditions and enhanced the applicable scope of this process. This system enabled us to avoid the use of a base, and thus, rendered substrates with base-sensitive moieties available.
Template Instrumentation for "Accurate Constant via Transient Incomplete Separation" (ACTIS)
Authors: Rukundo Jean-Luc , Kochmann Sven , Wang Tong Ye , Ivanov Nikita A. , Blanc J.C. Yves Le , Gorin Boris I. , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: May 2021

ACTIS is a new method for finding the equilibrium dissociation constant Kd of a protein–small molecule complex based on transient incomplete separation of the complex from the unbound small molecule in a capillary. This separation is caused by differential transverse diffusion of the complex and the small molecule in a pressure-driven flow. The advection-diffusion processes underlying ACTIS can be described by a system of partial differential equations allowing for a virtual ACTIS instrument to be built and ACTIS to be studied in silico. The previous in-silico studies show that large variations in the fluidic system geometry do not affect the accuracy of Kd determination, thus, proving that ACTIS is conceptually accurate. The conceptual accuracy does not preclude, however, instrumental inaccuracy caused by run-to-run signal drifts. Here we report on assembling a physical ACTIS instrument with a fluidic system that mimics the virtual one and proving the absence of signal drifts. Furthermore, we confirmed method ruggedness by assembling a second ACTIS instrument and comparing the results of experiments performed with both instruments in parallel. Despite some differences between the instruments and, accordingly, significant differences in their respective separagrams, we found that the Kd values determined for identical samples with these instruments were equal. Conclusively, the fluidic system presented here can serve as a template for reliable ACTIS instrumentation.
Interaction with the User in the SAPFOR System
Authors: Катаев Никита Андреевич
Published: May 2021

Automation of parallel programming is important at any stage of parallel program development. These stages include profiling of the original program, program transformation, which allows us to achieve higher performance after program parallelization, and, finally, construction and optimization of the parallel program. It is also important to choose a suitable parallel programming model to express parallelism available in a program. On the one hand, the parallel programming model should be capable to map the parallel program to a variety of existing hardware resources. On the other hand, it should simplify the development of the assistant tools and it should allow the user to explore the parallel program the assistant tools generate in a semi-automatic way. The SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization) system combines various approaches to automation of parallel programming. Moreover, it allows the user to guide the parallelization if necessary. SAPFOR produces parallel programs according to the high-level DVMH parallel programming model which simplify the development of efficient parallel programs for heterogeneous computing clusters. This paper focuses on the approach to semi-automatic parallel programming, which SAPFOR implements. We discuss the architecture of the system and present the interactive subsystem which is useful to guide the SAPFOR through program parallelization. We used the interactive subsystem to parallelize programs from the NAS Parallel Benchmarks in a semi-automatic way. Finally, we compare the performance of manually written parallel programs with programs the SAPFOR system builds.
Some Bibliographic References Tools
Authors: Ермаков Алексей Викторович
Published: May 2021

The rapid quantitative growth of scientific publications has pushed the development of various Internet tools for finding the necessary information. Statistics on its study and use (citation) are no less important than the search for the necessary information. This article discusses the citation support tools provided by Google Academy, Crossref, and other developers. In the Russian Federation, NEICON (a national consortium of Russian educational, scientific, and cultural organizations) provides technical and methodological support for working with DOI and other Crossref services. The article shows how the considered tools are built into the user interfaces of the IPM electronic library. Additional features provided by the specified tools are considered.
falsedad material y la falsedad ideológica documental en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal
Authors: Torres Caivinagua Guillermo Paúl
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo describe un análisis al Código Orgánico Integral Penal en torno a la falsedad material e ideológica como tipo penal, tomando en cuenta que se trata de una de las normas más importantes del cuerpo jurídico en Ecuador. Es una investigación descriptiva, cuyos resultados demuestran la existencia de una restricción en cuanto a la precisión sobre los delitos de falsedad, ya que, estos son abordados de manera general, sin tener en cuenta las particularidades ideológicas y materiales del tipo penal estudiado. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se concluye que, siguiendo los procedimientos jurídicos y administrativos correspondientes, debe realizarse una reforma normativa que conceptualizarse y caracterice a la falsedad como un tipo penal en función de las exigencias contextuales, para evitar subjetividades en su análisis, interpretación y aplicación, lo cual, es de vital importancia para garantizar el respeto de los derechos de los procesados.
Comparison Analysis of Muck Pile Fragmentation Obtained Through the Photogrammetry Method and Based on the Kuz-Ram Empirical Model
Authors: BIESSIKIRSKI Andrzej , DWORZAK Michał , TWARDOSZ Michał , PYRA Józef , BARAŃSKI Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an evaluation of muck pile fragmentation based on the Kuz-Ram empirical model. Furthermore, a comparisonof the cumulative size distribution curves obtained from the photogrammetry analysis and based on the Kuz-Ram modelwas made. Size distribution was performed based on the Kuz-Ram model and further validated in the O-Pitblast software. It wasestablished that the algorithm applied in O-Pitblast software was not modified. The difference between empirical results and in-situanalysis could be explained by, inter alia, the subjective assumption of the RMD index value.
Financial and Non-Financial Reporting – an Attempt to Correlation Between Selected Chosen Variables
Authors: PODOBIŃSKA-STANIEC Marta , RANOSZ Robert
Published: May 2021

This paper describes a study designed to find correlations between intellectual capital efficiency, measured using the Value AddedIntellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and selected components of reports submitted by KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., a Polish mining company.The study examined such components as the company’s intangible assets, number of jobs/FTEs (Full-time equivalent) andthe net financial result. The timeframe explored here is the period between 2004 and 2018 (the last 14 years). We assumed thatintellectual capital efficiency should be correlated with intangible assets, which are part of fixed assets, but the results of our studyproved otherwise. Our analysis demonstrated that intellectual capital efficiency was correlated the strongest with the company’sfinancial performance.
Zachęty podatkowe stosowane dla spółek junior mines
Authors: PAWŁOWSKI Stanisław , KUSTRA Arkadiusz , KOZIEŁ Diana
Published: May 2021

W artykule przedstawiono specyfikę działalności spółek typu juniors, które realizują prace eksploracyjne w cyklu życia projektugeologiczno-górniczego. Z uwagi na wysokie ryzyko tych prac i dużą kapitałochłonność, państwa zainteresowane pracami poszukiwawczymitworzą zachęty podatkowe dla takich firm oraz inwestorów chętnych do zaangażowania kapitałów w działalnośćeksploatacyjną. Rodzaje tych zachęt oraz ich charakter są głównym obszarem zainteresowań autorów.
Features of seed growth and development of sproutings of the russian dereza (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) under laboratory conditions and in culture in vitro
Authors: Sedun E. A. , Abdirahimova S. Sh. , Zubarev A. V. , Spiridovich E. V. , Reshetnikov V. N. , Sherimbetov S. G. , Nazirova E. R.
Published: May 2021

Russian dereza (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) is a shrub plant that spreads on the territory of the dried Aral Sea in conditions of high soil salinity, dry and sharply continental climate. The fruits were collected and the features of germination of seeds of the russian dereza halophyte (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) Under sterile and non-sterile conditions were studied. The optimal temperature and illumination regime for the germination of annual seeds of this species is a 16-hour photoperiod and a temperature of 25 °C, the germination of seeds in nonsterile conditions was: 4-year-old – 46 %; 2-year – 83; one-year – 96 %. It has been shown that L. ruthenicum plants remain viable for up to 4 years or more, on this basis, we attributed the seeds of this species to truly orthodox. When introduced into culture in vitro, it has been shown that multi-stage sterilization significantly reduces the viability of seeds and seedlings of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., which leads to a decrease in seed germination by up to 40 %. The optimal nutrient medium for the stable development of microshoots without anomalies, callus formation and initiation of root formation was MS with the addition of 1.0 mg/l 6-BAP to the nutrient medium, without sucrose. Maintaining the samples in the in vitro collection is carried out on a half-MS medium without hormones, without sucrose at a low positive temperature of 4 °C, illumination of ~500 lx and a photoperiod of 8 hours. The samples of L. ruthenicum in vitro can be used to develop methods of clonal micropropagation; for genotyping of samples and identification of molecular biomarkers of plant resistance to soil salinity; in the ex vitro morpho-biological study of plants resistant to salt stress.
Synthesis, structure and morphology of composites based on magnesium ferrite and carbon nitride
Authors: Ivanets A. I.
Published: May 2021

The composites based on magnesium ferrite and carbon nitride were synthesized by the sol-gel method in combination with thermochemical condensation. The effect of the synthesis method on the crystalline structure, the phase and chemical composition, and the morphology of composites was studied by the X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. It was found that, depending on the conditions of the sol-gel stages, the initiation of self-combustion high-temperature synthesis and melanin thermochemical condensation, composites with different crystalline structure and morphology were prepared. The obtained results are important for the development of the heterogeneous Fenton- and photo-Fenton catalysts based on magnesium ferrite and carbon nitride composites.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
Authors: Meleshko Chrystyna
Published: May 2021

The article identifies the organizational and economic features of management of tourist and recreational potential of the region. It is noted that the implementation of the functions and principles of organizational and economic management of tourist and recreational potential of the region is carried out by management system. It characterizes management as a system function of interaction of subsystems and elements of the region, which is the process of purposeful influence of the subject of management on the object of management to achieve certain results. That is, the effective management of tourist and recreational potential of the region depends on the form of ownership, the form of government, the level of development of a market economy. In a broader sense, the object of management is the tourist and recreational potential – a set of enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out the production, sale of recreational services, ie actions aimed at meeting the needs of the population to restore vitality and energy. It is noted that management of tourist and recreational potential is a process of spatial organization, forecasting, planning, control, which are carried out in order to manage tourism in the region. According to the author, management of tourist and recreational potential of the region should be considered as the activity of public authorities to create conditions for the rational and effective use of recreational potential of the region; organizational and legal support and practical implementation of the strategy / program for development of recreational activities in tourist subregions; regulation of subject-object and subject-subject relations arising in the process of using recreational resources at the regional level, in order to ensure coordination of internal and external interests of various stakeholders of recreational activities, as well as their coordination with the local population interests in tourist subregions (recreational areas) and opportunities of the region. It is concluded that management of tourist and recreational potential of the region is formed under the influence of specific organizational and economic features of management and business conditions; organizational and economic components of management of tourist and recreational potential are designed to organize, implement and maintain economic activity, achieve the goals of the region. It is noted that in essence, the organizational and economic components of management of tourist and recreational potential of the region provide a synergy of organizational and economic ways to influence the managed object. On the basis of studied theoretical provisions it is offered to consider organizational and economic features of management of tourist and recreational potential on structural elements of organizational and economic block.
FORMATION PECULIARITIES OF MODERN BUSINESS MODELS OF ADULT EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Zelenin Yuriy , Kudinova Alevtyna
Published: May 2021

One of the main factors for successful formation and implementation of strategic goals of a company is the development of a modern innovative business model concept. The business model should focus on creating and maintaining value of its own product or service, as well as company as a whole. In this publication author studies process of forming a business model for adult education institutions as independent business units that are closely interconnected with business structures. The relevance of this issue is due to the lack in the scientific economic literature of comprehensive studies of business models of adult education institutions. In order to find and select most optimal business model for such organizations, author analyzes modern business models in works of famous scientists and concludes that at the moment in the scientific world there is no single approach to the definition of the essence of the “business model” concept. Based on the analysis of existing business models, author finds out that the main feature of interpretation of “business model” concept in the research of various scientists is a structuring of the main company functional elements aimed at creating value for all stakeholders. Each of the studied theories can be applied to the development of a business model for an adult education institution. Definition analysis of “business model” concept allowed author to single out his own definition of the business model of an adult education institution as a set of interrelated and mutually agreed structural elements of organization’s internal and external environment aimed at effective implementation of a continuous qualitative educational process in order to create value for all stakeholders. A promising direction for further research is the development of methodological and organizational support for formation of a business model for an adult education institution.
INTENSIFICATION VECTORS OF TRADE INTEGRATION OF THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES
Authors: Tsygankova Tetiana , Iatsenko Olena
Published: May 2021

The study analyzes the dynamics of the development of integration processes. It is determined that the current stage of development is characterized by a change in the structure of the World Trade in favor of services and innovative products; by dynamic growth of trade in intermediate goods and services within global value chains. Trade integration covers a much broader network of participants, including bilateral, multilateral and interregional initiatives. The regional trade agreements (WTO-extra, WTO-plus) are being deepened and expanded. It is determined that the most common form of integration processes is the establishment of the Free Trade Zones, in particular on the basis of bilateral initiatives. Based on this, the bilateral trade relations between the post-Soviet countries and their trading partners (Poland, Italy, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Turkey, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Romania, China) were analyzed. The index of trade complementarity was calculated and analyzed in order to identify the compliance of the export structure of the post-Soviet countries with the general structure of imports of these trading partners for high-tech product groups, in particular: machines and apparatuses for soldering and welding (code 8515 according to UKTZED (Ukrainian Commodity Coding System)), transmission shafts and bearing housings (code 8483), machines and mechanisms for harvesting and threshing crops (code 8433), spare parts and aggregates for metalworking equipment (code 8466), pumps for liquids (code 8413), burners for solid fuel or gas (code 8416), equipment for filtering and cleaning liquids and gases (code 8421), woodworking machines (code 8465), spare parts for motor vehicles (code 8708), electrical transformers (code 8504)). The geographical vectors of strengthening bilateral trade in the studied countries are substantiated based on the assessment of the calculated trade complementarity index. It was proposed to use the world experience based on certain key promising areas of international trade development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stereological and Histopathological Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds on Rabbits Ovary
Authors: Dawood Tamara N. , Al-Araj Ahmed S. , Abood Dhyaa Ab.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of the Trigonella foenum-graecum (T. foenum-graecum) seeds on the female gonad. A total of twenty local rabbits were used in this study; were divided into four groups (5 each): first group (G1) was considered as the control group. The second group (G2), third group (G3) and fourth group (G4) were fed daily1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of T. foenum-graecum seeds respectively for 60 days (twice daily). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized by diethyl ether (C2H52O). Then the abdomen was incised, and the samples of ovaries were collected and fixed by 10% neutral buffered formalin. The histological assessment was done with a paraffin embedding technique and the histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. The result showed that the numbers of primary and secondary follicles were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in G3and G4 compared with the control (G1) and G2. The numbers of Graafian follicles were significantly P<0.05 decreased G4 compared with other groups. The diameters of the primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles were significantly smaller than the other groups. The thickness of the granulosa cell layer in G3and G4 were significantly thinner than the other groups. The histological figures declared that the ovary of G2 was similar to that in G1. The histological sections of G3 and G4 were revealed marked cortical and medullary vascular congestion and focal hemorrhage; there were also marked follicular degeneration and cystic necrosis. The study concluded that the low concentration of T. foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds do not have any positive effect in terms of ovarian stimulation.
The use of vitamin "C" as antioxidant to decrease lesions of atherosclerosis that induced experimentally by hydrogen peroxide in rabbits
Authors: Diab D. S.
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin C inalleviating the changes in lipid profile and the atherosclerotic lesions inducedexperimentally by (0.5%) H2O2 in drinking water. Twenty four adult malesrabbits were divided randomly into four equal (a control and 3 treated "T")groups for 19 weeks: 1- The Control group: Which was given normal drinkingwater. 2- Group (T1): was given 0.5% H 2O2 in drinking water. 3- Group(T2): which was handled as T1, in addition to vitamin C (100 mg /kg/day) alongthe experiment. 4- Group (T3): was treated as T1 till the atherosclerotic lesionswere established at the week 13, then the animals received 100 mg/kg of vitaminC daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken at the weeks 5, 13, 16 and 19 ofthe experimental period to measure the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglycerid (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C in plasma. Samples of aortictissue were taken to study the histopatholpgical changes. The results showed thatH2O2 caused an increase in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL-C and a decrease in HDL-Cconcentration in plasma. The histopathological sections showed lesions ofatherosclerosis in the aorta as fatty streaks and foam cells. Moreover, resultsshowed that treatment with vitamin C caused a dereased in the VLDL-C, LDLC,TG and TC levels and an increase in the HDL-C concentration in plasma. andregression of atherosclerotic lesions. Results of the present study suggest that theoxidative stress (produced by 0.5% H2O2) has an important role in pathogenesisof atherosclerosis in the rabbits and vitamin C has an important effect inreducing and preventing some of the oxidative stress changes in lipid profile andatherosclerotic lesions of the aorta. It is worthed to report that this is the firststudy undertaken in using vitamin C as an antioxidant to minimize the oxidativestress effects of H2O2 in rabbits as a model for atherosclerosis in mammals.
Effect of Vitamin E on some blood and biochemical parameters in ewes
Authors: Al-Judi A. M.H .
Published: May 2021

The effect of vit.E in feed blocks to ewes were studied in ewes on thefollowing parameters; Hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume,differential leukocytic count, total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios. Therewere a significant decrease in Hb concentration & PCV after two,& four weeks,there were no significant differences in the percentage of lymphocytes,neutrophils,& eiosinophils, & with a significant increase in monocytepercentage.There was no significant different in total protein ratio, while the ratio ofalbumin decreased significantly after 2 & 4 weeks, with a significant increase inthe globulin ratio at the same period.
Metabolie profile test of dairy cattle in Al-Ishaqi plan
Authors: Al- judi A. M.H.
Published: May 2021

Metabolic profile test was done on Friesian cows of Al-Ishaqi plan. Bloodsamples were collected from 21 cows in the second lactation stage, 7cows withhigh Milk yield, 7cows with moderate milk yield& 7cows with low milk yield.Estimation of the following were done; hemoglobin, packed cell volume bloodurea nitrogen glucose total protein albumin& globulin, in three periods (1monthafter calving, 4month after calving, 7month after calving). The results revealedthat Hb, total protein& globulin ratios were increased, while the albumin ratiowas decreased in the first period, PCV increased in the third period, albuminratios showed higher levels in high milk yield cows, BUN show higher levels inthe first period, increased levels of BUN in high milk yield cows, low levels ofblood glucose in the second period.Signification correlation coefficient betweentotal protein ratios& Hb, globulin ratios& BUN were obtained, while significantnegative correlation between total protein& albumin was existed. Regressionequations between total protein ratios& all blood traits were calculated.
Investigation Into Prevalece Of Escherichia coli Infection And Some Other Diseases In Broiler Farms In Sulaimani District
Authors: Shareef Jalal M.
Published: May 2021

In regard to broiler diseases in Sulaimani district, different factors likeenvironmental temperature, humidity, wind velocity, the source of hatchery eggsand day-old chicks were studied. The study involved the history, someconcurrent diseases, methods of protection against viral diseases, clinical signs,post mortem lesions, isolation and identification methods (cultural andbiochemical) and sensitivity test. The 4th and 5th weeks ages were theexposed ages for respiratory diseases, precisely Escherichia coli infection. Thetemperature factor (high and low) was among the most prominent predisposingfactors, since 39% and 30% of E.coli isolates obtained through winter andsummer seasons successively. The low environmental temperature (5.2˚C)accompanied by high humidity rate (72.3 %), caused high number of infections.The high temperature (32.6 ˚C), with lower rate of humidity (26.2%); has alsoincreased the number of infections. Field investigation including 12 monthssurvey was conducted in the present work. The survey involved 1256 batchesfrom broiler farms, which involved (11,564,385) chicks. A total of 946 (75%)batches showed respiratory signs, including 709 E.coli infected batches. Otherinfections by Salmonella and Proteus were also discovered. The sensitivitytest of 200 E.coli isolates revealed that 165, 156 and 118 isolates were sensitiveto ciprofloxacine, gentamycin and chloromphenecol respectively. While 182,181, and 175 isolates were resistant to flumequine, ampcillin and lincomycinconsecutively.
The Effect of Baytril against Salmonella london Infection in Chickens
Authors: Al-Chalabi Z. A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to obtain additional information regardingthe effectiveness of Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) against artificially inducedinfection of S. london in chickens.One hundred and sixty one day old chicks of mixed sex were dividedequally into two groups A (treated group) and B (control, infected non-treatedgroup). Chicks were reared on separated rooms on wood shavings litter, andgiven water and irradiated feed continuously for 55 days. All chickens wereinfected at 3 days with 4×105 S. london/ml in drinking water. The administrationof salmonella was followed by intestinal colonization, detected by isolation ofsalmonella from cloacal swabs, caecal contents and quantitative numeration pergrams of caecal contents, weekly for 8 weeks.Group A was treated with Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) 0.5 ml/L drinking wateron day 45 for 5 days. Twelve days after the end of the therapy the presence ofsalmonella could not be detected by cloacal swabs and in caecal contents.This suggests that Baytril seems to have a good efficiency in totalelimination of salmonella from the intestine of infected chickens.
Influence of feeding different types feed blocks as supplementary feed on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes grazing cereal stubble
Authors: Salman A. D.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the Influence of feeding different types feed blocks as supplementary feed on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes grazing cereal stubble. These types were feed blocks enriched with cottonseed meal (CSM) or Brewers’ grain (BG) as sources undegradable protein (UDP). Ninety-six Awassi ewes (mean live weight 42.2 Kg), aged 3-4 years were allocated into three groups according to ewes live weight and body condition score.Group (C): Control (No Supplement) stubble grazing only.Group (FBC): FB enriched with CSM supplement plus stubble grazing.Group (FBB): FB enriched with BG supplement plus stubble grazing.All ewes were run as one flock during cereal stubble grazing. The feed blocks were fed to animals (supplementary groups) after their return from grazing wheat and barley stubble (28 days prior to mating and 54 days after introduction of rams). Rams run with the flock during the mating period. The results showed that feeding feed blocks enriched with CSM and BG as supplementary feed resulted considerable improvement in weight gain (P<0.05), body condition score (P<0.05), conception rate (13-16), lambing percentage (25-33%), twinning percentage (13-18%) and decreased the proportion of barren ewes (19 vs. 6 and 3%). Inclusion of small amount of high moisture brewers grain by-product (9%) as sources of undegradable protein in the feed blocks formula as replacement for costly cottonseed meal resulted a dramatic effects on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes especially twinning rates and lambing rate.
Biological Characterstics Of Buffaloes Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Rahif R. H.
Published: May 2021

Hydatid cysts infection rate was 13.56% in buffaloes, slaughtered at Al-Diwania abbatoir, Al-Qaddisia province,Iraq, during the time period from July,2000 to June, 2001.The only infected animals were the females, and the higher rateof infection was found in those aged buffaloes. Lungs,livers, livers and lungs wereinfected with 50%, 37.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The total rate of hydatid cystsfertility was 53.85%, and the sterile, caseated and calcified cysts were 23.08%, 11,54% and 11.5%, respectively. The mean total rate of viability of protoscoleces was73.91%, and that of livers and lungs protoscoleces were 82.62% and 70.60%.Results denoted that the numbers of protoscoleces was increased proportionallywith size of their cysts, and in contrary to that the viability of protoscolecesdiminished with the increase size of cysts. The study concluded that buffaloes havean important role in maintaining the life cycle and epidemiology of Echinococcusgranuolosus in dogs in those areas where buffaloes are raised, and this is incontroversy with the claims of previous authors.
New study dehydration of soft histological specimens
Authors: Al-Hussany Baha F.
Published: May 2021

This study represent a new process for dehydration of the histologicalspecimen that knowledge and used in the laboratory study . Technical andmedical research will be set up a completely great scientific and to addition ofthis to make an experiment , to a shortness the time and the material cost that isused in the different stage of dehydration and these for the soft tissue ( only ) .
Study Of Chick Embryo Vaccination Against Newcastle And Newcastle With Gumboro
Authors: Zahid Abdel Ameer H.
Published: May 2021

This study is considered the first trail study in our country to apply In ovo-vaccination to immunize chicks against avian viral diseases. This method was conducted by using 150 chick embryos classified into three equal groups (50 embryo each group). The first group was inoculated with Newcastle disease virus-NDV (B1-strain). Second group was vaccineted with NDV. and GV( Gambaro virus). All vaccinated groups were inoculated in the amniotic sac, thethird group (control group) was inoculated with sterile phosphate buffered saline. Result should the both vaccine did not reveal any negative effect on the percentage of hatchability and liaviability of the vaccinated chicks.Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) , ELISA and challenge test were used to evaluate the level of immunity in chicks vaccinated with (NDV.) alone and (GV.) & (NDV.) double vaccine beside the control group chicks. The result revealed in spite of lower level of mean antibody titer of HI and ELISA in age of 28 days the two vaccinated group were resistant to challenge with virulent NDV. with 60% mortality rate in the control group.
Study on blood gases, Acid-Base balance and the therapeutic evaluation of different protocol of treatment of mastitic cows
Authors: Karim Abdulkarim Jafar
Published: May 2021

This study was planned to reveal the changes in blood gases and acid-basevalues in mastitic cows and to state the intravenous fluid therapy regimentreatment. A herd with a population of 150 lactating cows was screened forclinical and subclinical mastitis for a period of 6 months. Based on inclusion andexclusion criteria, twenty-eight cows with clinical mastitis were divided in threegroups (mastitic not treated (group M), mastitic treated with antibiotic only(group TA) and mastitic treated with antibiotic and fluid therapy (group TAF)and another five healthy cows (group C) served as controls. Blood gases, SCC,CMT scores, udder health status and cure rate were carefully investigated. Therewas significant differences between PO2, PCO2, BE, and HCO3-concentration inmastitic cows. Increased pH, BE, and HCO3- referred to metabolic alkalosiswhereas increased PCO2 indicate compensatory respiratory acidosis. The resultsof SCC in milk agreed to CMT scores, and to some extent to udder health statusamong the entire period of study. Cure rate was earlier in group TAF with lessnumber of treatment than in group TA. It has been concluded from this studythat administration of fluid therapy might be useful as an adjunct in case ofclinical mastitis in cows to get quick clinical recovery with less number oftreatments. However, the role of blood gases and acid – base status in mastitisshould be investigated in details.
Evaluation of transfer factor protective efficacy against Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: AL-Samarrae Ekram A.A.
Published: May 2021

Transfer factor has been prepared from sensitized guinea pigs against heatkilled Mycobacterium bovis antigen and protective efficacy were evaluated inguinea pigs that gave 1 ml of transfer factor equivalent 5x108 cell / ml of sensitizedand normal cell donor; then challenged with dose 0.01 mg / animal of virulentMycobacterium bovis, After 40 days of challenge all animals were sacrificied.Histologically: - TFs recipient group showed a mono-nuclear cellsinfiltration’s (Lymphocytes & Macrophages) with a mild emphysema of lungs, andliver showed mononuclear cells ,a small necrotic foci in the lymphocytic organs(spleen & lymph nodes); the kidney showed mononuclear cells in glomeruli andurinary tubules ;While the TFn recipient group were an areas of caseated necroticmaterials surrounded by macrophages &Lymphocytes, congestion of internalorgans (Liver and Spleen) and Sever congestion with hemorrhage of alveoli tissue,sever emphysema & consolidation in lung kidney showed tuberculle foci inglomeruli and around urinary tubules .There were no pathgenomic changes in heart muscles of TFs recipient group whilea mild congestion in TFn recipient group.
Cross protection between Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans in mice
Authors: J. Alwan M.
Published: May 2021

In order to know the cross –protection between antigene of T.rubrum andC.albicans,17 mice were used and they were divided into (3) groups,1st group(7animals) was immunized with T.rubrum antigen,two doses, and injected S/Cwith virulent C. albicans,the 2nd group (5 animals) was infected withC.albicans and considered as positive control,3rd group was served as negativegroup which injected 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline s /c The results showedthat the antigen of T.rubrum stimulated a good immune response inimmunized mice against C.albicans.
Evaluation of Medicinal Constituent (Gingerol) in Iraq Cultivated Ginger
Authors: AL-Bayaty Muhannad A.A.
Published: May 2021

The evaluation of gingerol as medical entities in Iraq and Jamaica cultivatedginger was done in this experiment. Two different types of cultivated ginger(Iraq and Jamaica) of the same species (Zingiber officinal) were extracted toachieve the subject of this study. Extraction was performed by two differentstages: the first stage preparative and extraction. Harvested ginger was preparedfor extraction by wash, denotation, drying, grinding, and extracting by acetoneunder heating. The second stage is separation by two steps via TLC and HPLC.The quality and quantity of oleoresin and gingerol in each step of separationwere checked by spots diameter and RF value of spot migration in TLC gingercompounds and quality of whole extract and number of peak in HPLC as well asquantity of gingerol after HPLC separation was done for both Iraqi and Jamaicaginger. The results of comparison between cultivated ginger of Iraq and Jamaicashowed significant decrease (P<0.05) in quantity of extracts and spot diameterof oleoresin where as no significant change (P<0.05) in gingerol quantities byHPLC separation was found in Iraqi species. These results showed no effect ofdifferent cultivation conditions of both peak Jamaica and Iraq species onmedical entities of ginger content of gingerol.
EFFECT OF ADDING TWO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF ORGANIC CHROMIUM ON PERFORMANCE OF THREE BROILER STRAINS
Authors: AL-Obaidi Faris A.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to determined the effect of adding 0,150,200 ppb
of organic chromium in feed on dressing percentages and meat composition of three commercial broiler strains (Lohman ,Ross and Hubbard) .A total of 450
day old chicks (150 chicks per strain)were distributed into nine treatments and each treatment
Divided into two replicates (25 birds per replicate) .The data obtained reveald the following results:
Adding 150 and 300 ppb organic chromium increased significantly ( P<0.05) dressing percentages with or without giblets , and no significant differences appeared in edible organs percentages includes liver, heart and gizzard , also adding 150 or 300 ppb of organic chromium increased meat production through the significant (P<0.05 ) increase of primary carcass cuts which were breast and legs ,also increased significantly(P<0.05) protein , carbohydrates and decreased
significantly(P<0.05) lipids, and moisture in these cuts meat. No significant differences appeared for the interaction between adding chromium and genetic factors for the three broiler strains in dressing percentages and meat composition and the effect was significant (P<0.05) in
carcass cuts except legs percentages .
THE VAGINAL EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY OF AWASSI EWES DURING POST-PARTURIENT PERIOD
Authors: Hussin Amer M.
Published: May 2021

This trail was carried out on twelve Awassi ewes in the Animal Farm of College of Veterinary Medicine in June 2005 to study the cellular changes that occur in the vaginal epithelium after parturition, by using vaginal smear method. The post-parturient period was divided into three periods; 4th, 16th and 28th days after parturition. Each period presented different sizes of vaginal epithelial cells, some of them were predominant. Keratinization takes place in all periods. The 2nd period was characterized by cellular division, presence of vacuolated epithelial cells and WBCs mainly neutrophils cells. The conclusion, variations in the vaginal epithelium may relate to the physiological status and the hormonal activity of the animals.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFICACY OF 9 % HYPERTONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION, PENTOSTAM AND SILVER NITRATE FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
Authors: KADIR MOHAMMED A.
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted on 107 patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis, fromDour town, Salahadeen province attending the Dermatology Department ofSaddam General Hospital, Tikrit.Patients were divided to 4 groups for purpose of treatment and comparison,followed up for two months duration.Group A: treated with intralesional hypertonic sodium chloride solution (9 %HSCS).Group B: treated with intralesional pentostam injection, 1 cc. per day for 6consecutive days.Group C: treated with silver nitrate cauterization one to two doses of three daysinterval.Group D: left without treatment as a control group.It was found that the efficacy of 9% hypertonic sodium chloride solution andpentostam were 94% and silver nitrate was 78%. No patient cured amonguntreated control group.It was concluded that the efficacy of sodium chloride solution and pentostamwas greater than silver nitrate solution.
Preparation Of Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Strangles
Authors: Kaisium M. M.
Published: May 2021

Live attenuated vaccine of Strept. Equi was prepared by culturing the bacteriumin increasing concentration of acriflavin and the vaccine was given byinstallation in the nose of rabbits. The treated group showed immune response,the titer of the antibodies was 59.4 ± 4.57 after 2 weeks of vaccination, 237±18.28 after 4 weeks, 475.4 ± 36.57 after 6 weeks, & reach atiter of 512 ± 0 after8 weeks, and the treated group did not show any signs after challenge dose,while the control group died after challenge.
Cheddar Cheese Fluoridation and Dental Health
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this study was to determine what effect the additionof sodium fluoride would have on the Cheddar cheese quality. Raw milk waspasteurized and separated for three treatments as follows: control, supplementedwith 4 ppm and 40 ppm fluoride. Cheddar cheese was processed for eachtreatment and ripened for 120 days at 7oC and sampled at 60 and 120 days.Analyses performed included both sensory evaluation and gas chromatographywith headspace sampling (GCHS). Under conditions of this study significantP< 0.05 higher mean flavor and body/texture scores were observed in both thecontrol cheese samples and those with 4 ppm added fluoride than those with 40ppm added fluorides.The predominant flavor criticisms in Cheddar cheese treated with 40 ppm addedfluoride after 120 days were flat, lacks flavor and bitter. The predominantbody/texture criticisms noted in Cheddar cheese treated with 40 ppm addedfluoride after 120 days were open, mealy, corky, crumbly, pasty and curdy.GCHS results showed that Acetone, 2- butanone, ethanol, 2-pentanone andpropanol increased significantly (P< 0.05) with aging of the Cheddar cheese.However after 60 days of ripening, the control cheese had significantly (P<0.05) lower Acetone, 2-pentanone and higher ethanol values than the fluoridatedcheese. By 120 days, the control cheese had significantly (P< 0.05) higher 2-butanone values than both treated cheese and higher ethanol than the cheesefluoridated at 40 ppm.
Investigation Of Rota Virus In Dogs
Authors: Hamdaan Feras N.
Published: May 2021

397 fecal samples were collected from dogs of different breeds, ages andsex. Detection of rotavirus was achieved by two techniques latexagglutination test and agar gel diffusion test. Blood samples werecollected to study various hematological parameters.The results showed that 95 samples were positive to rotavirus 23samples (24.2%) were from diarrheic cases and 72 samples (75.8%)were from non diarrheic cases.Younger dogs were more affected with rotavirus infection 17 positivecases than older ages 6 positive cases. The results showed that diarrheiccases caused by rotavirus were 23 cases (25.3%) that were less than thediarrheic cases caused by other agents 68 cases (74.7%).It had been shown that the ages less than one year (11 cases) were moreaffected with rotavirus and complication with dehydration than agesolder than one year (2 cases).It was found that the morbidity rate in males (53%) was significantlyhigher than females (47%).The Terrier breed showed a high morbidity rate 42% than others Mixed,Greatdane, Goledretriver and Doberman.Our study showed that latex agglutination test was more sensitive thanagar gel diffusion test and the positive samples out of 200 samples weredetected by using latex agglutination test were 39 samples while 18positive samples by agar gel diffusion test.There were no differences in blood parameters of the dogs that showedpositive results of rotavirus in comparing them with the negativeresults.The study showed that rotavirus is widely spreaded among doges withgastrointestinal diseases, it showed that latex agglutination test is morereliable for quick clinical diagnosis.
Study The Pathological Changes Resulting From Copper Deficiency In Awassi Sheep Organs
Authors: Al-Khalide Jenan A.
Published: May 2021

To induce copper deficiency in sheep (15)Awasi ewes from the college ofVeterinary Medicine flock were used. The ewes during the preparationperiod (18 weeks) were fed on balanced concentrated diet contained (5.2)mg/day copper in addition of the green food.The ewes were randomly divided into three equal groups for theexperimental period (18 weeks). Another balanced concentrated diet with lowlevel of copper (2.6) mg/day was used to feed the primary deficiency groupwhile the secondary copper deficiency group fed on the same concentrate used inthe preparation period. The protein ratio and energy level were considered.The secondary deficiency group received an oral mixture of ammoniummolybdate (100) mg with (1) g of sodium sulphate in (100) ml of water daily.One ewe and two lambs died from the primary deficiency group however adead still born lamb was born from the secondary deficiency group. Thepostmortem examination of dead animals studies was done and histopathologicalsamples from the central nervous system, heart, lung, kidney and muscles wereexamined.The histopathological examination showed vaculation, degeneration withdemylination in central nervous system. These changes were more sever inlumber and thoracic than cervical spinal cord. The same changes were found inthe cerebrum and cerebellum. While the liver, heart, lung, kidney showedhydropic degeneration and cloudy swelling. The symptoms and changes throughthe experimental period were more obvious in the secondary deficiency groupthan in the primary one.
Using Modified Anthraxin And Its Evaluation For Testing Cell Mediated Immunity And Studying Histopathological Changes In Lab Animals
Authors: Al-Jeboury An' am J.L.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to apply a new procedure in preparation of anthraxin fromcell wall extracts of a virulent Bacillus anthracis strain 34F2 (Sterne).Anthraxin was evaluated for potential use as skin testing agent to measurecell-mediated immunity. Guinea pigs were immunized and boostedsubcutaneously with Sterne live veterinary anthrax vaccine. Two weeks afterthe booster dose, animals were skin tested with the antigen which recorded15.6mm as a mean of erythema and 2.5 mm difference of thickness ascompared to the control. Histological changes corresponded with the delayedtype of hypersensitivity (DTH) in which the changes involvedinfiltration of inflammatory cells particularly macrophages, neutrophiles andeosinophils in the skin dermis and in perivascular region in addition toaccumulation of fluid (edema) in the dermis and congestion of blood vessels.