bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of Rainfall Prediction using MLP-FFN and Hybrid Neural Network Algorithm
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, VISTAS, Chennai, India., Thailambal Dr. G. , Shanmugalakshmi Ms. P. ,   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, VISTAS, Chennai, India., Durga Dr. R. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, VISTAS, Chennai, India.
Published: August 2019

The present work proposes a cross breed neural system and multilayer perceptron_ feed forward system based model for precipitation forecast. The crossover models are multistep technique. At first, the information is bunched into a sensible number of groups, at that point for each bunch has prepared independently by Neural Network (NN). Also, as a preprocessing stages a component choice stage is incorporated. Feed forward choice calculation is utilized to locate the most reasonable arrangement of highlights for foreseeing precipitation. To set up the creativity of the proposed cross breed forecast model (Hybrid Neural Network or HNN) has been contrasted and two surely understood models in particular multilayer perceptron feed-forward system (MLP-FFN) utilizing diverse execution measurements. The reproduction results have uncovered that the proposed model is essentially superior to conventional strategies in anticipating precipitation.
Numerical Modeling of Square Steel Members Wrapped by CFRP Composites
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA., Sivasankar Dr. S. , Kumar Dr. A. Praveen ,   Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
Published: August 2019

HSS (Hollow Structural Steel) tubular members used in buildings and bridges for structural application is rapidly developing technique in the recent era. Since, they have many advantages over RC structural members. This paper presents the application of CFRP on HSS tubular members under axial compression. Typical failure occurred during axial loading was local buckling, and this could be reduced by wrapping CFRP sheets around the HSS tubular columns were investigated experimentally. Eight steel samples are used in this test. Among eight specimens, two are unwrapped and the remaining six columns are externally wrapped by CFRP. CFRP sheets are used as strips, and the width of the sheets are constant. The spacing between the CFRP sheets is also constant. All columns are tested in column tester till the maximum to understand their failure modes, Ultimate load, load Vs. Displacement, Stress- Strain behaviour and Ductility index. Finally, results obtained from the experimental investigation could be validated with ANSYS software. The ultimate load and displacements from ANSYS validation are closely match with test results.
Hepatitis B Awareness Among Medical Students And Their Vaccination Status In A Medical College In Western UP.
Authors: Dawar Rajni , Yasmin Tabassum , Jha Ajay Kumar
Published: August 2019

Background: India is in the intermediate hepatitis B virus endemicity zone with hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence among the general
population ranging from 2% to 8%.Health care professionals are at a high risk of getting .Hep B infection which can be prevented by strategies like
vaccination, increasing awareness and following universal precautions. The present study was conducted on medical students (3rd Semester) to
evaluate their knowledge regarding HBV and to know their vaccination status. Also along with data collection, students were educated about
hepatitis B vaccine and about universal precautions before they start with their clinical postings.
Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out on 3rd semester MBBS students (batch 2012-2013). All the students present on the day of data
collection were included in the study and interviewed using pretested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using percentages.
Results: Most of the students had good knowledge about disease and modes of transmission & prevention. Surprisingly only 56.6 percent were
aware of high risk of transmission to health professional and doctors. Main source of information was media (85.4percent).Nearly 82% of the
students were immunized and main reason among those unimmunized was unawareness about vaccine availability.
Conclusions: It is recommended that Hepatitis B vaccination should be made available for all unimmunized students who enter medical
profession. The orientation and sensitization programm should be held to create awareness regarding HBV infection preferably at the time of
admission into medical college ,else no later than start of their clinical posting.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice about Biomedical Waste Management and Associated Factors among Health Care Personnel in a Public Hospital of Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Megha , Uppadhaya Sandeep Kumar
Published: August 2019

Background: For proper disposal of biomedical waste, introduction of laws is only not sufficient but awareness among health care personnel and
effective enforcement of existing BMWguidelines have primary importance. Lack of knowledge and practice on Bio-medical Waste Management
has led to the hospitals becoming hub for spreading illness.
Objective: To assess knowledge and practice about biomedical waste management and associated factors among health care personnel in public
hospital.
Material & Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in the January to March, 2019. Study participants included doctors,
nurses, laboratory technicians and ward boys working in a public hospital who deal with biomedical waste and were selected randomly to make the
sample size of 150. Apretested semi-structured questionnaire was used.
Result: Out of 150 participants, 75.3% and 54.7% Health Care Personnel have adequate knowledge and practice score respectively. Adequate
knowledge was significantly associated with age, occupation, experience and previous training while adequate practice was significant associated
with occupation and adequate knowledge.
Conclusion: Study highlighted the need of a comprehensive training for all the categories of health care personnel.
ORAL CANDIDA CARRIAGE INCLUDING SPECIATION, BIOFILM PRODUCTION AND CORRELATION WITH OCCURRENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN STUDENT POPULATION
Authors: Nandwani Sumi
Published: August 2019

The study was done to establish oral carriage of Candida, speciation, assay biofilm production and correlate the oral Candida carriage with
occurrence of dental caries in students. Swab samples from oral cavity were collected from 206 students and were cultured for yeasts. Isolated
yeasts were identified and detected for Biofilm production.
Results: Overall Candida carriage was found in 90 of the 206 students (75 with caries). The rate of Candida carriage in students with caries (64%)
was significantly higher as compared to overall carriage in students (43.7%). A total of 123 Candida strains were isolated including C albicans
(63%), C tropicalis (23 %), C. parapsilosis (6 %), C. glabrata (4 %) and C. krusei (4 %). Biofilm production by C albicans was less frequent (42.
85%) than that by non-C albicans (63.33 %). and was significantly higher in students with caries than from without caries.
Conclusion: We found a significant risk of dental caries with oral Candida carriage rates in student population. Candida albicans was the most
common species isolated. Biofilm production was implicated in Candida virulence and was more important for non- C.albicans than C.albicans
strains to establish infections.
Morphometric Study of upper end of Tibia : a study done at SKIMS medical college Srinagar
Authors: Khurshid Nowsheeba , Afza Rohul
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Upper end of tibia is an important component of knee joint. The aim of present study is to analyse different morphometric
parameters of condylar and intercondylar surface of tibia, so as to formulate a baseline data for future studies with relevance to Indian population
and to compare the current data with previous literature. Morphometric study of upper end of tibia can be used to guide treatment and monitor
outcome of total knee replacement surgeries.
Material and Method: 30 dried human adult tibia were obtained from Dept. of anatomy SKIMS Medical College bemina Srinagar.
Morphometric measurements of medial condyle, lateral condyle and intercondylar area of tibiae were measured with Vernier caliper.
Result: Anteroposterior measurements were found to be greater than transverse measurements for both medial and lateral condyles. Furthermore,
both anteroposterior and transverse measurements were greater in medial condyle than in lateral condyle.Racial differences were observed.
Conclusion: The present study is to provide a base line data pertaining to morphometric details of upper end of tibia in Indian population, which
aims to provide help for anatomists, anthropologists, and orthopedics, in knee arthroplasty procedures, and meniscal transplantation
Performance of Horton Infiltration model in Predicting the Infiltration Capacity of some Soils of the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria.
Authors: A. Girei , A. Nabayi , J. Aliyu , J. Garba , S. Hashim , S. Alasinri , C. Abdullahi
Published: August 2019

Infiltration study is very crucial in modelling water requirement of crops during their growth season. Infiltration rate measurements were carried out on dryland areas of Sokoto, Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria; using the double ring infiltrometer. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were used to determine some physical characteristics (Texture, Saturated hydraulic Conductivity, particle density, bulk density, porosity and organic matter) of the soil. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration predicted by Horton infiltration model was very close to the field measurements for all the spots from the average values (3.35, 2.83 and 1.71 cm/min) and predicted rates (2.37,2.34 and 1.54 cm/min) with coefficient of determination (R2) close to unity (0.98, 0.97, 0.97) for the three spots. The study showed that the Horton infiltration model can be applied to estimate infiltration characteristics of some soils in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria.
Mga Kadahilanan sa Pagkuha ng Filipino bilang Medjor
Authors: FERRARIS IDA FLOR C.
Published: August 2019

Ang deskritibong pagsusuri na ito ay naglalayong makuha ang kaugnayan ng sosyo-demograpikong propayl sa panloob at panlabas na lebel ng kadahilanan at akademik performans sa Filipino ng mga estudyante sa mga piling pambribadong kolehiyo at pampublikong unibersidad na may kabuuang bilang na 263 na mag-aaral na kumukuha ng kursong Edukasyon medjor sa Filipino, taong panuruan 2015-2016. Ginamit ng pag-aaral na ito ang Deskriptiv korelasyunal na pamamaraan ng pag-aaral na ginamitan ng survey kwestyuner na dumaan sa baliditi gamit ang krayterya nina Good at Scates at ang relayabiliti gamit ang Cronbach alpha. Ang kabuuang magaaral na nasa ikalawa at ikatlong taon sa kolehiyo at unibersidad ang naging respondente. Ang percentage distribution, Mean at Spearman rho ang ginamit sa pag-aanalisa ng mga datos. Lumabas sa resulta na ang mga respondenteng kumukuha ng kursong Edukasyon na may medyor sa Filipino ay kadalasang mga babaeng nasa edad 18-20. Ang mga magulang ay nakapagtapos ng hayskol na kumikita ng PhP1,000 - 5,000 sa loob ng isang buwan. Ang kanilang ama ay magsasaka at ang kanilang ina ay nasa bahay lamang. Ang panloob at panlabas na lebel ng kadahilanan ay may katotohanan sa pagpili ng medjor sa Filipino ng pribadong kolehiyo at pampublikong unibersidad samantala ang akademikong performans ng mga mag-aaral ay nagpapahiwatig ng napakagaling na interpretasyon. Nagpapakita din ang resulta ng pagsusuri na ang mga kadahilanan ng pagpili ng medjor ay walang signipikong kaugnayan sa akademikong performans ng mga mag-aaral sa kapwa kolehiyo at unibersidad.
Perspektif Pendidikan Nasional
Authors: Suluh Melkianus
Published: August 2019

[Title: The National Education Perspective]. This paper aims to describe the fulfillment of quality educator resources, the concept of national education quality, and the role of education in shaping the character of the nation. This study uses a library research approach (Library Research) with steps (1) choosing research topics, (2) searching for supporting information, (3) determining the focus of research, (4) classifying supporting materials, (5) reading and making research notes , (6) review and enrich reading material, and (7) carry out source analysis. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis by concentrating on solutions or solving problems raised. The results of this study indicate (1) the fulfillment of professional educator resources is filled with conventional methods, namely through the awarding of the teaching profession through certification programs, while in innovative ways carried out through training activities, increasing teacher capacity through the provision of scholarship programs, and the introduction of teacher prefectures (2) the concept of national education quality is fulfilled with the implementation and achievement of eight national education standards; (3) education has the role of forming noble characters and personalities through attitude formation, by making affective domains as protectors for the skills and cognitive domains.
Tingkat Kemampuan Berpikir Siswa dengan Pendekatan Metakognitif Diskursif dan Pendekatan Konvensional
Authors: Lubur Dorothea Novia L. , Ate Dekriati
Published: August 2019

[Title: The Level of Thinking Ability of Students with Metacognitive-Discursive Approaches and Conventional Approaches]. This paper discusses the different levels of thinking ability of students in the classroom using metacognitive-discursive and conventional approaches in SMPK St. Aloysius Weetebula. PISA is one of the tests that measure the level of critical thinking skills. The low PISA results of Indonesian students are caused by the weak ability to solve high-level problem problems, the evaluation system in Indonesia that still uses low-level questions, and students are accustomed to obtaining and using formal mathematical knowledge in class. One way to overcome this problem is STKIP Weetebula in collaboration with German misereor to improve the quality of education on the island of Sumba. To achieve this goal, an entrance test was conducted for all 7th-grade students of Aloysius Middle School in 2014 and 2017. In some exercises, there were very high score differences. From this exercise, one of the problems with the highest difference is a fraction. This research is an interpretative study through the analysis of student answers based on theory and descriptive analysis to measure differences in scores obtained by two groups of students. Research results in class with metacognitive-discursive approach 17 (89.47%) answered correctly and 2 (10.53%) of 19 students answered incorrectly, while in class with conventional approach 3 (2.59%) of 116 students answered correctly and 113 (97.41%) of 116 students answered incorrectly. Based on the results of this study concluded that students in the classroom with a metacognitive-discursive approach to learning more than students in other.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik Kancing Gemerincing untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Siswa
Authors: Azizah Muhaiminul , Gummah Syifaul , Sukroyanti Baiq Azmi
Published: August 2019

[Title: The Implementation of the Cooperative Learning Model with Jingle Button Techniques to Increase Student Activities]. This study aims to improve the learning activities of students of class VIII Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) NW SIKUR by applying cooperative learning models of clanging button techniques. This type of research is a classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII MTs NW SIKUR, amounting to 37 people. Student and teacher learning activity data is collected through observation sheets. From the results of the study, it was found that the total score of student activity in the 2 cycles always increased. In cycle, I the score of student activity was 2.88 with the category of quite active while in cycle II the score of student activity was 3.41 with the active category. Based on the overall results of this study it can be concluded that the application of the clanking button learning cooperative model can increase the learning activities of students of class VIII Madrasah Tsanawiyah NW SIKUR in the academic year 2017/2018.
If It Looks Like a Duct and Acts Like a Duct: On the Role of Reprogrammed Hepatocytes in Cholangiopathies
Authors: Nejak-Bowen Kari
Published: August 2019

Cholangiopathies are chronic, progressive diseases of the biliary tree, and can be either acquired or genetic. The primary target is the cholangiocyte (CC), the cell type lining the bile duct that is responsible for bile modification and transport. Despite advances in our understanding and diagnosis of these diseases in recent years, there are no proven therapeutic treatments for the majority of the cholangiopathies, and liver transplantation is the only life-extending treatment option for patients with end-stage cholestatic liver disease. One potential therapeutic strategy is to facilitate endogenous repair of the biliary system, which may alleviate intrahepatic cholestasis caused by these diseases. During biliary injury, hepatocytes (HC) are known to alter their phenotype and acquire CC-like features, a process known as cellular reprogramming. This brief review discusses the potential ways in which reprogrammed HC may contribute to biliary repair, thereby restoring bile flow and reducing the severity of cholangiopathies. Some of these include modifying bile to reduce toxicity, serving as a source of de novo CC to repair the biliary epithelium, or creating new channels to facilitate bile flow.
Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films
Authors: Guyot Corentin , Vandestrick Philippe , Marenne Ingrid , Deparis Olivier , Voué Michel
Published: August 2019

Background: Numerous optical applications of nano-objects require a dispersion of the nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix. In order to achieve high particle concentrations, one can, as an alternative, directly grow the particles in a polymer or an inorganic film by, e.g., thermal annealing.

Results: Simple laser reflection experiments showed that this growth process induced light scattering at the film/air interface. We report on this phenomenon, considering the growth dynamics of gold nanoparticles in a polymer film. The scattering of light was studied by measuring the bi-directional reflection distribution function. In parallel with the observation of enhanced scattering, imaging ellipsometry in dynamics mode showed that local values of the ellipsometric angles Ψ and Δ were strongly modified by the annealing process.

Conclusion: A diffraction pattern corresponding to local modifications of the optical properties of the film gradually appeared, which turned out to be the signature of the growth of the Au nanoparticles. Moreover, the monitoring of the statistical distribution of the ellipsometric angles during annealing helped evidencing two regimes in the dynamics of the nanoparticle growth and in the optical response of the nanocomposite.
L’étranger de l’intérieur dans la ville : métissages et hospitalités renouvelées
Authors: Missaoui Lamia
Published: August 2019

Le métissage est à la mode, puisqu’il contente plusieurs discours : idéologiques, géographiques ou artistiques. Cependant, celui qui nous intéresse dépasse de loin ces utilisations rhétoriques. En tant que sociologue attentive à l’ethnologie, le métissage nous permet de trouver une voie entre deux modèles actuellement en vogue : la fusion, l’absorption totalisante de l’homogène et la fragmentation différentialiste de l’hétérogène.
Se dire Manouche, Rom, Gitan ?
Authors: Bergeon Céline , Salin Marion
Published: August 2019

Gitan, Manouche, c’est comme vous voulez. Vous pouvez aussi m’appeler Bohémien, comme y’en a qui dise. Ce que je sais c’est que si vous me mettez dans une maison : je crève. Alors vous voyez. (Sarah, rencontrée en Seine Saint Denis, le 17/02/2010)
Solving the Adaptive Curriculum Sequencing Problem with Prey-Predator Algorithm
Authors: Machado Marcelo de Oliveira Costa , Barrére Eduardo , Souza Jairo
Published: August 2019

Adaptive curriculum sequencing (ACS) is still a challenge in the adaptive learning field. ACS is a NP-hard problem especially considering the several constraints of the student and the learning material when selecting a sequence from repositories where several sequences could be chosen. Therefore, this has stimulated several researchers to use evolutionary approaches in the search for satisfactory solutions. This work explores the use of an adaptation of the prey-predator algorithm for the ACS problem. Pedagogical experiments with a real student dataset and convergence experiments with a synthetic dataset have shown that the proposed solution is suitable for the problem, although it is a solution not yet explored in the adaptive learning literature.
The Efficient and Viable Country-Oriented Attainment of Absolute Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Hatziefthimiou Nikos
Published: August 2019

A country-oriented methodology for attaining absolute environmental sustainability (ES) is proposed and demonstrated on the environmental sustainability index (ESI) 2002. The optimal means of deriving the ES levels/scores of the participating countries from the various ESI 2002 constructs is established and, subsequently, encoded in a real-valued evolution strategy (EvS) for the viable and flexible country-specific ES improvement towards maximal ES. The EvS employs: (a) constraints concerning the number and combinations of constructs that can be concurrently improved; (b) limited and progressively decreasing construct improvements expressing the escalating difficulty of improving any construct as the construct and/or overall ES approach(es) maximum. Demonstrations on countries with diverse characteristics and comparisons with alternative optimization methodologies highlight the versatility and applicability of the proposed procedure to any country with data that is compatible to that of the participating countries.
A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System
Authors: Bagdadee Amam Hossain , Zhang Li
Published: August 2019

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.
Depressive Person Detection using Social Asian Elephants' (SAE) Algorithm over Twitter Posts
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed
Published: August 2019

With the advent of the web and the explosion of data sources such as opinion sites, blogs and microblogs appeared the need to analyze millions of posts, tweets or opinions in order to find out what thinks the net surfers. The idea was to produce a new algorithm inspired by the social life of Asian elephants to detect a person in depressive situation through the analysis of twitter social network. The proposal algorithm gives better performance compared to data mining and bioinspired techniques such as naive Bayes, decision tree, heart lungs algorithm, social cockroach's algorithm.
Does Gender, Age and Income Moderate the Relationship Between Mobile Banking Usage and Loyalty?
Authors: Vasudeva Savdeep , Chawla Sonia
Published: August 2019

This article aims to determine the moderating role of demographics gender, age and income on the relationship between mobile banking (m-banking) usage and loyalty towards the service. A sample of 524 m-banking users from the state of Punjab in India was used to understand the interaction of this relationship. The collected data was then analyzed through moderated multiple regression analysis using dummy variables. Results of the study reveal that among the three demographics, gender and age moderate the relationship between m-banking usage and loyalty. The study provides important implications for the banks and the academic research related to m-banking.
Can Indian Online Fruits and Vegetables Companies Break the Jinx of Orthodox Shopping?
Authors: Verma Deepak , Singla Harish Kumar
Published: August 2019

The authors attempted to understand the consumer behavior of fruit and vegetable shoppers in India and identify whether companies offering convenience can break the jinx of orthodox/habitual shopping. The important motivators for online shoppers and orthodox shoppers are identified which was followed by a survey from India's two major cities, Delhi NCR and Pune. The authors observe that online shoppers are mostly driven by convenience in terms of travel time savings, to avoid crowds, queuing, home delivery, avoiding driving/ traffic situations, whereas orthodox shoppers are driven by freshness and quality of fruits and vegetables and give more importance in having a personal touch while purchasing. Orthodox shoppers do get hassled with crowding, queuing, but still they stick to their habitual buying behavior and do not go to the option of online shopping.
Online Auctions of New Product Before and After Its Official Launch
Authors: Tu Yanbin
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the online auction market of Xbox 360 consoles before and after its official launch. Among nine measures of online auctions, all except for one are significantly differed between online auctions before and after the official launch. The principal component analysis further visualizes the differences. By using auto-regression to analyze the relationship among success count, success rate, and winning price in time series, we find that success count and success rate can be predicted with its own past values in (t-1) and (t-2) periods. The winning price can be predicted with its own past value in (t-1) period. We find that the preannouncement and launch events do affect the stock price, trading volume, daily price range, price change, and market volatility. We also investigate the correlation coefficients between the online auction market and the stock market. We find various significant correlation coefficients among the measures of both markets in the concurrent and one-time lag scenarios. The managerial implications of the findings are also discussed.
Edu-ACoCM
Authors: Jhaveri Maitri Maulik , Pareek Jyoti
Published: August 2019

Online learning repositories are the heart of learning content management systems. This article proposes a model that utilizes the educational content of learning repositories, to create and display multiple learning paths to the students. When a student specifies a topic to study, the model creates the learning paths in form of a tree, with student specified learning concepts as the root node and its co-existing concepts as the child nodes. The model also proposes to automatically extract three co-existing concepts: prerequisites, subsequent topics and features. Use of pattern-based mining and a rule-based classification approach is proposed for the extraction of co-existing concepts. Automatically extracted results are checked for meaningfulness and usefulness against expert generated results. Evaluation of the authors' model on various learning materials shows the appropriate generation of learning paths depicting the co-exiting concepts. The average F1 score obtained for automatic prerequisite extraction is 78%, automatic subsequent topic extraction is 83% and automatic feature extraction is 88%.
EEA
Authors: El Alami Hassan , Najid Abdellah
Published: August 2019

The data communication task, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is a major issue of high energy consumption. A hierarchical design based on a clustering algorithm is one of the approaches to manage the data communication and save energy in WSNs. However, most of the previous approaches based on clustering algorithms have not considered the length of the data communication path, which is a direct relation to energy consumption in WSNs. In this article, a novel scheme of a clustering algorithm has been proposed for reducing the data communication distance in WSNs. Hierarchical routing protocols were implemented for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. The results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other protocols.
Factors That Influence Consumer Loyalty of Services Acquired via the Internet in Mexico
Authors: Juárez-Lóopez Berenice , Ruiz-Santoyo Grace Aileen
Published: August 2019

Electronic commerce has grown in recent years, which has allowed online companies to get closer to their customers. The challenge is to satisfy buyers and maintain their loyalty. This article proposes an empirical model that contributes to formulating strategies to increase customer loyalty, based on the study of satisfaction, fulfillment, and privacy. This study presents a quantitative methodology, with a causal scope and cross section. A model of structural equations was applied to analyze data from a sample of 384 online buyers of electronic travel services in the Mexican context. The results indicate that privacy and fulfillment have positive effects on customer satisfaction; however, they do not have a significant effect on loyalty. Finally, customer loyalty is positively affected by customer satisfaction. These factors have been studied in various contexts, and the relationship between them has been positive and significant. Lastly, from these findings, specific strategies are considered for the improvement of online companies in other emerging economies.
Application of Taguchi Method to Improve Resistance Quality of Graphene/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Yang Ching Been , Peng Wei Chang , Huang Yan Wen , Chiang Hsiu Lu
Published: August 2019

Polypropylene is a widely used thermoplastic with high impact resistance and strong mechanical properties. Graphene has exhibited in a new generation of electronic component materials owing to its high thermal conductivity and low resistivity. In this study, a composite of graphene and polypropylene for injection molding purposes was created. In Taguchi method, an L9 orthogonal array for injection molding experiments was adopted. The process parameters included injection temperature (A), holding time (B), injection pressure (C), and graphene ratio (D). Optimal parameter combinations were determined according to resistivity, and the results were A3B2C1D3: 2956.333 MΩ by original and A1B2C1D3: 2802 MΩ Taguchi analysis, respectively, where the improvement was 5.2%.
Development of Sacrificial Anode Usable in High Specific Resistivity Solution by Parameter of Addition of NaCl
Authors: Moon Kyung Man , Lee Myeong Hoon , Baek Tae Sil
Published: August 2019

A sacrificial anode cathodic protection method has been widely used in the steel pile by galvanic current by potential difference between sacrificial anode and corrosive structural steel. And, the sacrificial anode cathodic protection method have generally merits compared to impressed current method because it can be applied to everywhere which is not connected with electricity. However, when the steel piles of the pier are submerged in low conductivity solution mixed with fresh water and sea water, the structural steel piles mentioned above have not been protected occasionally perfectively due to decreasing of galvanic current caused by deposited with oxide film on the surface of anode. In this study, five types of samples which are added with NaCl(g) to Zn anode were prepared with ratio of NaCl(g)/Zn(g)x100(%). And galvanic currents, surface morphologies characteristics of these samples was investigated using electrochemical methods such as polarization curves, galvanic current and analysis of surface morphologies before and after reduction weight ratio test in order to evaluate the effect of addition of NaCl(g) affecting to quality of zinc anode. The 2.6 % sample added with NaCl(5g) showed the highest value of galvanic current density in 0.8% NaCl solution, however, the highest reduction weight ratio was also observed at the 2.6% sample. Therefore, it is considered that the higher galvanic current density, the higher reduction weight ratio, that is, the life of sacrificial anode is shorted with increasing of galvanic current. Moreover, all samples added with NaCl(g) to Zn sacrificial anode indicated higher galvanic current density compared to the sample with no addition of NaCl(g) in low conductivity solution. Eventually, it is supposed that the galvanic current can be increased with addition of NaCl(g) to Zn sacrificial anode in low conductivity solution.
Procedural sedation in a tertiary referral trauma centre: A retrospective audit
Authors: Falconer James , Richardson Drew
Published: August 2019

Procedural sedation complications are common in Australasian Emergency Departments (EDs). This study aimed to compare procedural sedation complications between The Canberra Hospital ED (TCH ED) and the available Australasian literature and to determine if sedation associated complications were amenable to simple intervention. All procedural sedations performed over two and half years in TCH ED were retrospectively reviewed. Complications were defined as per the previous comparable Australasian study, as those events requiring an intervention. 1793 sedations were reviewed: 1125 (63%) for orthopaedic procedures, other 276 (a collection of painful procedures), 208 suturing and 169 direct current cardioversions. The median age was 29 years with 538 (30%) children under the age of 16 years. The complication rate in the initial six-months was 4.0% dropping to 1.3% after multiple education sessions before rebounding to 3.1% in the last six-months. The overall complication rate was 3.1% (95% CI 2.3-4.0) which is significantly lower (P<0.0001) than the comparable previous major Australian study (7.2%, 95% CI 6.2-8.2). There was significantly less use of Midazolam (10.3% vs 23.8% P<0.00001) and Morphine (1.5% vs 7.9% P<0.00001). There was one case of laryngospasm requiring intubation but subsequently discharged at baseline, otherwise no recorded major adverse events. Therefore procedural sedation at TCH ED has a complication rate less than that previously reported and this may be due to evolution of the agents used. The complications seem to be readily amenable to education around prevention, but the benefit of these education sessions appears to decay over time.
Surface temperature response to regional Black Carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter?
Authors: Sand Maria , Berntsen Terje K. , Ekman Annica , Hansson Hans-Christen , Lewinschal Anna
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Aerosol radiative forcing can influence climate both locally and far outside the emission region. Here we investigate Black Carbon (BC) aerosols emitted in four major emissions areas and evaluate the importance of emission location and magnitude, as well as the concept of the absolute regional temperature-change potentials. We perform simulations with a climate model (NorESM) with a fully coupled ocean and with fixed sea surface temperatures. BC emissions are increased by a rate of 10 and 20 in South Asia, North America and Europe, respectively, and by 5 and 10 in East Asia (due to higher emissions there). We find strikingly similar regional surface temperature responses and geographical patterns per unit BC emission in Europe and North America, but somewhat lower temperature sensitivities for East Asian emissions. BC emitted in South Asia shows a different geographical pattern by changing the Indian monsoon and cooling the surface. Choosing the highest emission rate results in lower surface temperature change per emission unit compared to the lowest rate, but the difference is generally not statistically significant except for the Arctic. An advantage of high-perturbation simulations is the clearer emergence of regional signals. Our results show that the linearity of normalized temperature effects of BC is fairly well preserved despite the relatively large perturbations, but that regional temperature coefficients calculated from high perturbations may be a conservative estimate. Regardless of emission region, BC causes a northward shift of the ITCZ, and this shift is apparent both with fully coupled ocean and with fixed sea surface temperatures. For these regional BC emissions perturbations, we find that the effective radiative forcing is not a good measure of the climate response.
Discrete-wavelength DOAS NO2 slant column retrievals from OMI and TROPOMI
Authors: Ruiz Villena Cristina , Anand Jasdeep S. , Leigh Roland J. , Monks Paul S. , Parfitt Claire E. , Vande Hey Joshua D.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The use of satellite NO2 data for air quality studies is increasingly revealing the need for observations with higher spatial and temporal resolution. The study of the NO2 diurnal cycle, global sub-urban scale observations, and identification of emission point sources are some examples of important applications not possible at the resolution provided by current instruments. One way to achieve increased spatial resolution is to reduce the spectral information needed for the retrieval, allowing both dimensions of conventional 2-D detectors to be used to record spatial information. In this work we investigate the use of ten discrete wavelengths with the well-established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique for NO2 slant column density (SCD) retrievals. To test the concept we use a selection of individual OMI and TROPOMI Level 1B swaths from various regions around the world which contain a mixture of clean and heavily polluted areas. To discretise the data we simulate a set of Gaussian optical filters centred at various key wavelengths of the NO2 absorption cross section. We perform SCD retrievals of the discrete data using a simple implementation of the DOAS algorithm and compare the results with the corresponding Level 2 SCD products, namely QA4ECV for OMI and the operational TROPOMI product. For OMI the overall results from our discrete-wavelength retrieval are in very good agreement with the Level 2 data (mean difference
Effects of solar flares on the ionosphere as shown by the dynamics of ionograms recorded in Europe and South Africa
Authors: Barta Veronika , Sátori Gabriella , Berényi Kitti Alexandra , Kis Árpád , Williams Earle
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We have investigated the solar flare effects on
ionospheric absorption with the systematic analysis of ionograms measured at
midlatitude and low-latitude ionosonde stations under different solar zenith
angles. The lowest recorded ionosonde echo, the minimum frequency (fmin, a
qualitative proxy for the “nondeviative” radio wave absorption occurring
in the D-layer), and the dfmin parameter (difference between the value of
the fmin and the mean fmin for reference days) have been considered. Data
were provided by meridionally distributed ionosonde stations in Europe and
South Africa during eight X- and M-class solar flares in solar cycle 23.
Total and partial radio fade-out was experienced at every ionospheric
station during intense solar flares (> M6). The duration of the
total radio fade-out varied between 15 and 150 min and it was highly
dependent on the solar zenith angle of the ionospheric stations.
Furthermore, a solar-zenith-angle-dependent enhancement of the fmin (2–9 MHz) and dfmin (1–8 MHz) parameters was observed at almost every station.
The fmin and dfmin parameters show an increasing trend with the enhancement
of the X-ray flux. Based on our results, the dfmin parameter is a good
qualitative measure for the relative variation of the “nondeviative”
absorption, especially in the case of the less intense solar flares, which do
not cause total radio fade-out in the ionosphere (class < M6).
Evidence for microbial iron reduction in the methanic sediments of the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean continental shelf
Authors: Vigderovich Hanni , Liang Lewen , Herut Barak , Wang Fengping , Wurgaft Eyal , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Sivan Orit
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Dissimilatory iron reduction is probably one of the oldest types of
metabolisms that still participates in important biogeochemical cycles, such
as those of carbon and sulfur. It is one of the more energetically favorable
anaerobic microbial respiration processes and is usually coupled to the
oxidation of organic matter. Traditionally this process is thought to be
limited to the shallow part of the sedimentary column in most aquatic
systems. However, iron reduction has also been observed in the methanic zone
of many marine and freshwater sediments, well below its expected zone and occasionally accompanied by decreases in methane, suggesting a link between
the iron and the methane cycles. Nevertheless, the mechanistic nature of this
link (competition, redox or other) has yet to be established and has not
been studied in oligotrophic shallow marine sediments. In this study we
present combined geochemical and molecular evidences for microbial iron
reduction in the methanic zone of the oligotrophic southeastern (SE)
Mediterranean continental shelf. Geochemical porewater profiles indicate
iron reduction in two zones, the uppermost part of the sediment, and the
deeper zone, in the layer of high methane concentration. Results from a
slurry incubation experiment indicate that the deep methanic iron reduction
is microbially mediated. The sedimentary profiles of microbial abundance and
quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the mcrA gene, together with Spearman correlation between
the microbial data and Fe(II) concentrations in the porewater, suggest types
of potential microorganisms that may be involved in the iron reduction via
several potential pathways: H2 or organic matter oxidation, an active
sulfur cycle, or iron-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane. We suggest that
significant upward migration of methane in the sedimentary column and its
oxidation by sulfate may fuel the microbial activity in the sulfate methane
transition zone (SMTZ). The biomass created by this microbial activity can be used by the iron reducers below, in the methanic zone of the sediments of the SE Mediterranean.
Validation of lake surface state in the HIRLAM v.7.4 numerical weather prediction model against in situ measurements in Finland
Authors: Rontu Laura , Eerola Kalle , Horttanainen Matti
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM), used for the operational
numerical weather prediction in the Finnish Meteorological Institute
(FMI), includes prognostic treatment of lake surface state since
2012. Forecast is based on the Freshwater Lake (FLake) model
integrated into HIRLAM. Additionally, an independent objective
analysis of lake surface water temperature (LSWT) combines the short
forecast of FLake to observations from the Finnish Environment
Institute (SYKE). The resulting description of lake surface state –
forecast FLake variables and analysed LSWT – was compared to SYKE
observations of lake water temperature, freeze-up and break-up dates,
and the ice thickness and snow depth for 2012–2018 over 45
lakes in Finland. During the ice-free period, the predicted LSWT
corresponded to the observations with a slight overestimation, with a
systematic error of +0.91 K. The colder temperatures were
underrepresented and the maximum temperatures were too high. The
objective analysis of LSWT was able to reduce the bias to
+0.35 K. The predicted freeze-up dates corresponded well to the observed
dates, mostly within the accuracy of a week. The forecast break-up
dates were far too early, typically several weeks ahead of the
observed dates. The growth of ice thickness after freeze-up was
generally overestimated. However, practically no predicted snow
appeared on lake ice. The absence of snow, presumably due to an
incorrect security coefficient value, is suggested to be also the main
reason for the inaccurate simulation of the lake ice melting in spring.
Reading Anxiety Among Chinese Exchange Students in a Study-abroad Context
Authors: Lijun Li
Published: August 2019

This study presents the results of an investigation into L2 reading anxiety among eight Chinese exchange students who participate in a one-year program at an American University. Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) is used as a measurement of reading anxiety. Data are also collected from semi-structured interviews, syllabus of all six specialized courses participants have taken during the academic year and their final scores. The study finds: 1) all participants experience a rather high level of reading anxiety; 2) despite such anxiety, participants perform well in all major courses; 3) underlying causes for reading anxiety include content knowledge, unpreparedness of cultural difference and general negative feeling of studying a foreign language. Based on the research findings, suggestions are given to improve the overall efficacy of such exchange program, aiming to benefit all immediate parties involved.
The Principle of Good Faith in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft and Its Role in Maintaining Economic Contractual Equilibrium at the Pre-Contracting Phase
Authors: Amayreh Osama Ismail Mohammad , Zakri Izura Masdina Mohamed , Tehrani Pardis Moslemzadeh , Shandi Yousef Mohammad
Published: August 2019

The jurisprudential and judicial legal trend tends to apply the principle of good faith at the pre-contracting phase as one of the most substantial principles governing this phase, since it is inconceivable that the parties are to negotiate in bad faith, and then must implement the contract in good faith, in accordance with the traditional legal rule that “fraud spoils everything it touches”. However, the Palestinian legislature has ignored enacting legal provisions obliging the parties to abide by the principle of good faith in the pre-contracting phase causing a legislative deficiency in the legislative remedies of the subject of good faith in the pre-contracting phase. This paper seeks to prove that replacing a provision that requires good faith in negotiations with the provisions of tort liability causes many legal problems. To prove this, the legal provisions should be analysed which would also include determining the definition of the principle of good faith, and the function of that principle in achieving contractual equilibrium and the legal basis for this principle at the stage of negotiation which should also be analysed. Moreover, a comparative analytical approach with the French civil code is used to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the need to legislate a legal article which obligates the negotiating parties to behave in good faith, as this has become an unavoidable reality that should be dealt with to contribute to the stability of civil and commercial transactions. As such, the legal article should also specify the compensation to be claimed.