bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of no Passing Zones on Fuel Costs
Authors: Ruškić Nenad , Pavlica Tea , Nišić Jelena
Published: December 2021

The primary task of traffic and transportation planning is to improve the conditions of traffic and level of service on the entire road network. On three sections, which were analyzed in this paper, the possibility of reducing the precentage of no passing zones was noticed, by changing the horizontal signalization on the segments of road section where the clear visibility for overtaking was determined for one direction of the two-way highway. In the first part of the paper, the analysis of traffic conditions on the existing and on the newly designed variants of all three observed road sections was performed. Analysis of the level of service on the intersections that are part of this research are done in chapter 2. Increasing the speed on the newly designed section results in a reduced travel time and this leads to savings in fuel costs as shown in chapter 3. Traffic forecast for the planning 2029 is done in chapter 4, the forecasted traffic load implies future traffic volumes for which adequate capacities of the road network need to be provided. Chapter 5 is based on determination of the relationship between the benefits brought by the newly designed variant and the costs that are realized during its construction. The results of this analysis were used as input data for the economic evaluation of the project solutions, where the savings in fuel costs were analyzed.
Periferie plurali: il caso di Scampia (Napoli) oltre gli stigmi
Authors: Amato Fabio
Published: December 2021

In the analysis of the relationship between social and spatial dynamics, the peripheries assume, from the perspective of social geography, the role of an ideal laboratory for observing and interpreting the conditions of discomfort and marginalization. The contribution focuses on Scampia, the northern district of the city of Naples, which represents, together with other Italian suburbs, a context where the gaze that is exercised is too often conditioned by a stigma of decay, also fueled by some media simplifications. Through the reconstruction of the genesis and history of this district, with the contribution of the various land surveys carried out, we try to return a more articulated vision.
Indagare le recenti migrazioni trans-mediterranee. Metodi e fonti di ricerca a partire dal contesto dell’accoglienza in Sardegna
Authors: Atzeni Cinzia
Published: December 2021

Understanding the migration phenomenon requires an in-depth analysis of different kind of sources, oral testimonies, and multiple perspectives. The research has focused on international trans-mediterranean migrations in Sardinia, on the organisation and the perception of the reception system and its consequences on the relation between migrant citizens and local communities. The paper shows the different methodological approaches used during the research to analyse the logistic and administration of the reception system and their implications on the territory in its complex aspects.
Dopo quasi mezzo secolo, riflessioni sulla regione “spazio vissuto”
Authors: Dumont Isabelle
Published: December 2021

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La visione anticipatrice del ‘kilometro zero’ in Pëtr A. Kropotkin
Authors: Eva Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

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Veronetta: prove di geografia sociale
Authors: Gamberoni Emanuela
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the case of one district of Verona, precisely Veronetta, located near the historical center of the town, that shows broad sociospatial dynamics. Given its territorial history, the compresence of attraction and repulsion factors as well as the recent pushes exerted by movements carried out by active citizenship (such as the spontaneous aggregation in a social street, the subsidiarity pacts, or the community cinema project), Veronetta reveals all the richness and criticality of a portion of the town looking for a definition of its meaning in the wider context of the urban area.
Geografie della modernità: impressioni di Koyaanisqatsi
Authors: Gaias Gianluca
Published: December 2021

Recensione del docu-film Koyaanisqatsi, G.Reggio, 1982, USA
Maus: la geografia sociale nel mondo dei fumetti
Authors: Picone Marco
Published: December 2021

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Le due Algeri di Pontecorvo: spazi sociali nella lotta all’indipendenza
Authors: de Spuches Giulia
Published: December 2021

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Research on method of constant false alarm rate of entangled state quantum detection system
Authors: Wei Rong-Yu , Li Jun , Zhang Da-Ming , Wang Wei-Hao ,   National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: December 2021

Entangled state quantum detection is a new technology that combines quantum mechanics with information science, and is used in the field of target detection. It has the potential to break through traditional detection technologies in terms of sensitivity and anti-interference ability. In the field of radar detection, constant false alarm rate is a technology with important significance and application value. However, there is no research on the method of the constant false alarm rate in the entangled state quantum detection system. Aiming at this problem, in this paper a method of constant false alarm rate for the entangled state quantum detection system is proposed. In the proposed method the system's real-time estimation of noise is adopted, and the detection threshold is adjusted adaptively, so that the entangled state quantum detection system always maintains a constant false alarm rate. The simulation results show that the proposed method of constant false alarm rate is correct and effective, and can realize the function of the constant false alarm rate of the entangled state quantum detection system. The proposed method effectively improves the flexibility and adaptability of the quantum detection system, and provides a solid theoretical foundation for the practical application of entangled state quantum detection technology.
Steady-state and transient optoelectronic characteristics of styrene-and quinoline-based derivative
Authors: Cheng Yan-Qin , Xu Juan-Juan , Wang You-Di , Li Zhuo-Xi , Chen Jiang-Shan ,   College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua College, Guangzhou 510520, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Published: December 2021

Styrene and quinoline groups are commonly incorporated into the organic fluorescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, a type of small molecule derived from styrene and quinoline, with a chemical structure of 2,2'-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phylenedivinylene)bis-8- acetoxyquinoline (MPV-AQ), is employed as the emitter and electron transporting material in the OLEDs, and its optoelectronic characteristics such as charge-carrier injection, transporting and recombination are investigated by the steady-state and transient technologies. It is found that the electron injection from the cathode into the MPV-AQ layer shows the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling characteristic in the N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/MPV-AQ bilayer OLED, which is different from the Richardson-Schottky (RS) thermionic emission in the electron-only device based on the MPV-AQ single-layer. The difference in electron injection is attributed to the bend of energy bands of MPV-AQ in the NPB/MPV-AQ device, which can be caused by the charge accumulation at the NPB/MPV-AQ interface. The accumulated charges should mainly be the holes on the side of NPB layer because the electron mobility of MPV-AQ is much lower than the hole mobility of NPB. Owing to the bending of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of MPV-AQ, the tunneling distance for electrons is significantly reduced, which is favorable for the FN tunneling. The barrier height for electron injection is calculated to be 0.23 eV by fitting the current-voltage curve of the NPB/MPV-AQ bilayer OLED. And the electron mobility of MPV-AQ is determined by the delay time of transient electroluminescence (EL) and shows field-dependence with the value on the order of 10–6 cm2/(V·s). In addition, the electron-hole recombination coefficient is obtained from the long time component of the temporal decay of the EL intensity, and the coefficient is found to decrease with the applied voltage increasing, which is consistent with the efficiency roll-off in this bilayer OLED. This study may provide a foundation for understanding the electronic processes of carrier injection, transport and recombination in the OLEDs, which is helpful in improving the device performance.
Uniform and constant long-time wireless power transmission of multi-targets in local space based on time reversal
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Li Bing , Liu Shi-Qi , Zhang Hong-Lin , Hu Bin-Jie , Zhao De-Shuang , Wang Chu-Nan ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China,   State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China,   College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China,   School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: December 2021

The precise, uniform and constant wireless transmission of electromagnetic power to multiple targets in a local finite space is a scientific problem to be solved urgently. Aiming at this problem, in this paper we propose an automatic zone selection channel matching method based on time reversal technique which has the spatiotemporal focusing characteristics. The proposed method can not only adaptively compensate for the channel differences at different targets based on the contribution rate of the multipath signals, but also dynamically divide the working range of the time reversal mirror elements to eliminate the mutual influences between different targets through the use of the distance coefficient. While improving the accuracy of energy focusing, the proposed method also solves the problem that non-uniform microwave power transmission (MPT) of multiple targets, and therefore achieving the constant, uniform and long-time MPT of multi-targets.
Electromagnetic induction-like transparency in dual-band with dual-bright mode coupling
Authors: Ning Ren-Xia , Huang Wang , Wang Fei , Sun Jian , Jiao Zheng ,   School of Information Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China,   Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China,   Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Microsystems of Anhui Province, Huangshan 245041, China
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a metamaterial structure with a double-layer split square ring and a double C-shaped structure is designed, which has dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency effects in the terahertz band. This structure has transmission peaks at 1.438 THz and 1.699 THz. Through the analysis of the surface current distribution, the reasons for the dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency are discussed. The effect of the designed metamaterial on the transmission window is studied when the opening size of the open square ring and the distance of the double C-shaped structure and the incident angle are changed. At an incident angle, the transmission spectrum of the designed material changes greatly, implying that it is highly sensitive to angle. The research results show that the structure has potential applications in sensors and angle filters.
Magnetic exchange interaction in two-dimensional lattice under generalized Bloch condition
Authors: Zhao Hong-Yan , Jiang Ling-Zi , Zhu Yan , Pan Yan-Fei , Fan Ji-Yu , Ma Chun-Lan ,   College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210006, China,   Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210006, China,   Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional magnetic material which has been rapidly developed in recent years, has potential applications in developing spintronic devices. In order to understand the magnetic properties of two-dimensional magnetic materials, it is necessary to comprehend the magnetic interaction which is estimated by the exchange parameters between the magnetic atoms. The calculation of the magnetic exchange parameters is based on the first-principle. The commonly used method of determining the values of exchange parameters is energy-mapping. However, this method has some disadvantages. In this paper, the spin-spiral dispersion relationship is derived under the Heisenberg interaction and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction through the generalized Bloch condition of three common two-dimensional magnetic structures: a tetragonal structure, a hexagonal structure in which the cell contains one magnetic atom, a hexagonal structure in which the cell contains two magnetic atoms. The magnetic exchange parameters of some materials are calculated through the first principle. These materials are MnB, VSe 2 MnSTe and Cr 2I 3Cl 3. Among them, the MnSTe and Cr 2I 3Cl 3 are two-dimensional Janus materials, which means that they have space-reversal symmetry broken, that is why there is DM interaction in the system.
Monte-Carlo study of pre-neutron emission mass and energy for neutron-induced 232Th fission
Authors: Liu Chang-Qi , Huo Dong-Ying , Han Chao , Wu Kang , Liu Xing-Yu , Yang Xu , Bai Xiao-Hou , Wang Jun-Run , Zhang Yu , Yao Ze-En , Wei Zheng ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China,   Engineering Research Center for Neutron Application, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: December 2021

The development of fourth-generation reactors and advanced nuclear energy systems require high-precision, multi-nuclide, and wide-energy-area neutron nuclear data. However, the current nuclear energy-related nuclear fission data in the China Nuclear Data Evaluation Library (CENDL library) are incomplete and cannot meet the current need. It is extremely important to establish the reliable calculation methods and tools for the neutron nuclear data. Based on the Monte-Carlo method, a model for calculating the pre-neutron fission fragment is established in this work. The mass and kinetic energy distribution of 232Th(n,f) reaction at the medium- and low- incident neutron energy are studied. The calculations of the mass distribution with the different values of incident energy are compared with the experimental results. The maximum deviation of this work from the experimental data is ~1%, which is advantageous compared with the GEF and TALYS code (maximum deviation from the experimental value is ~2%). The calculation of the pre-neutron fission fragment kinetic energy also shows good agreement with experimental result. The results indicate that this model can well describe and predict the characteristics of pre-neutron fission fragment for 232Th(n,f) reaction at the medium- and low- incident neutron energy. It also provides a new idea for calculating the neutron-induced actinide fission reactions.
Study of Correlation of Cytomorphological Features of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis with Biochemical Parameters and Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Patni Preeti , Belagavi Shreeshail , Mishra Priyanka , Choudhary Tanu
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid is a reliable and common method used for diagnosis of chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (LT) which is an autoimmune disease. Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency, a prevalent health problem, is known to have correlation with various autoimmune diseases especially chronic LT. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between Vit D levels, biochemical parameters with cytomorphological features of LT. Materials and Methods: The present cohort study was conducted on 88 patients with cytological evidence of LT at a thyroid research centre in northern India between June 2017 to September 2018. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Antithyroid Peroxidase (ATPO) Antibody and Vit D levels along with patient’s clinical presentation, and thyroid ultrasound were evaluated for all subjects. The cytological grades and other cytomorphological features were correlated with these parameters. Results: Most of the patients were females (82, 93.2%) who presented with diffuse thyromegaly (69, 78.4%) and had hypothyroidism (58, 65.9%). By cytology grade I thyroiditis (40, 45.5%) was commonest followed by grade II (38, 43.2%). The Vit D deficiency and elevated ATPO were seen in 72 (81.8%) and 78 (88.6%) patients, respectively. Lowest level of Vit D (7.8±4.9 ng/mL) was seen in grade III patients. Significant correlation was observed between ATPO and Vit D levels with cytomorphological grades and some cytomorphological features like Hurthle cell change and plasma cells presence. While TSH levels correlated significantly with cytological grades only in hypothyroid group. Conclusion: This study found that Vit D deficiency and ATPO levels significantly correlates with cytological grades of thyroiditis and affect certain cytomorphological features like plasma cells presence, suggesting lower levels of Vit D and higher ATPO may be related to more active disease.
Histopathological Spectrum of Male Genital System Tumours in a Tertiary Care Hospital Faridkot, Punjab
Authors: Hada Aradhana Singh , Nibhoria Sarita , Sandhu Vaneet Kaur , Nagpal Nitin
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The male genital system consists of the prostate, seminal vesicle, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, bulbourethral gland, ejaculatory duct, penis and scrotum. Male genital cancers are histologically diverse. They are difficult to detect and treat because of their anatomic locations, biological characters and complications. Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum of tumours of the male genital system according to World Health Organisation (WHO) classification. Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital based descriptive study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India, during February 2019 to August 2020 which included 128 cases. All biopsies, specimens and review blocks and slides of male genital tract tumours were processed and slides were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. Serum tumour markers and immunohistochemical stains were used. The clinical information including symptoms related to the male genital system, histopathological findings and diagnosis were recorded on the predesigned proforma. Other necessary information was collected from the requisition form received along with the biopsy material. The association between categorical variables was explored using Pearson’s Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study. Results: The present study included 128 cases, of which the majority of the cases 82 cases (64%) were that of prostate, 28 cases (21.9%) of the penis, 15 cases (11.7%) of testes, two cases (1.6%) were that of the scrotum and one case (0.8%) was of the epididymis. The histopathological spectrum showed adenocarcinoma was present in 80 (62.5%), leiomyosarcoma in 01 (0.8%), lymphoma in 01 (0.8%), mixed germ cell tumour in 9 (7%), seminoma in 5 (3.9%), postpubertal teratoma in 1 (0.8%), basaloid in 1 (0.8%), papillary- basaloid in 2 (1.6%). Conclusion: Prostate tumours outnumbered all other tumours of the male genital tract with adenocarcinoma of prostate followed by squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and mixed Germ Cell Tumour (GCT) of testes. The present study provides updated information regarding the histopathological spectrum of male genital system tumours.
Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties to Blended Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilizer Rate at Kokate, Southern Region
Authors: Sadebo Asfaw Berhanu , Yada Gobeze Loha , Wadole Asfaw Kifle , Bosha Abrham
Published: December 2021

Low production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is associated with poor soil fertility and limitation of high yielding crop variety. Matching high yielding cultivar with optimum fertilization of balanced nutrients is of paramount important to boost tuber yield of potato. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during 2019/20 cropping season at Kokate testing site of Areka Agricultural Research Center in southern Ethiopia in order to evaluate the response of potato varieties to NPS fertilizer rates. Treatments used in the study were two improved varieties of potato (Gudane and Belete) one local cultivar with six rates of blended NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha NPS) combined in factorial and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As this investigation indicated that at all rates of NPS fertilizer, improved varieties out yielded the local cultivar Asmara with relative superiority of variety Belete for marketable tuber yield. Economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit of 276326 Birr/ha with marginal rate of return (MRR) 3762% was obtained from variety Belete at NPS fertilizer rate of 200 kg/ha followed by variety Gudane at the same fertilizer rate with net benefit of 270350 Birr/ha and MRR of 3372%. Based on this finding, varieties Belete and Gudane could be used for production at NPS fertilizer rate of 200 kg/ha near study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Sustainability of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuebuka Orajekwe Jerry , Obiora Okafor Obumneme , Ikechukwu Okoye Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

Aims: The study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial sustainability  of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria.

Study Design: The research work adopted for the study ex-post facto research design. Secondary data spanning 2009 to 2020 was sourced and collated from financial statement of oil and gas firms annual report in Nigeria and Nigeria Stock Exchange factbook.

Place of Study: Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Methodology: The data was analyzed employing the Pearson coefficient correlation and least square regression technique.

Results: The study revealed that corporate social responsibility has a significant positive effect on net profit margin and return on asset of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria at 5% level of significance.

Conclusion: Given the integral role the Oil and Gas sector plays in Nigeria, this paper showed the importance of corporate social responsibility in ensuring the financial sustainability of corporations in the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry.
Internal Control: Its Role in the Reduction of Fraud and Professional Misconduct among SMEs
Authors: Ehis Okeke, Stella , Ifunanya Offor, Stephanie , David Chukwunwike, Onyekachi
Published: December 2021

The issue of fraud and professional misconduct is a challenge to many organizations. However, the small-scale and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) are more vulnerable. This study evaluates the role of internal control in the reduction of fraud and professional misconduct among SMEs in the Enugu metropolis. This study adopted survey research design. The research made the following major findings: that internal controls are put in place by SMEs, that internal controls are adhered to in SMEs, and that the internal controls implemented are effective in curbing fraud and professional misconduct in SMEs. Hence, the research recommend that owners and managers of SMEs should evaluate existing internal control systems and continue to implement good internal controls and ensure that proper financial records are kept and statements are prepared periodically, and small-scale enterprises that do not have internal controls should establish such and implement them to curb fraud and professional misconduct and thereby improve efficiency of operations.
Effect of the Addition Tilapia Skin Collagen Concentration to Lotion Characteristics
Authors: Dewangga Mahezwara Putera , . Junianto , Liviawaty Evi , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of the tilapia skin collagen addition to obtain the characteristics of the lotion in accordance with the established standards. The research was carried out at the Fishery Product Processing Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Central Laboratory of Padjadjaran University and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratory of Padjadjaran University between March 2021 - June 2021. The method used in this research was experimental with a completely randomized design consisted of 5 treatments with 4 replications added the concentration of the tilapia skin collagen (0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7%) based on lotion formulations. Parameters observed included pH, viscosity, spreadability, weight loss, homogeneity and the organoleptic (appearance, color, scent, texture). The conclusion from this research was that the addition of 7% the tilapia skin collagen concentration was the best treatment with a homogeneous appearance, a slightly yellowish white color, a slightly lavender scent and a slightly thick texture. The lotion had pH value of 6.35, viscosity of 7,197 cP, 5.74 cm spreadability and a weight loss of 2.8%.
Neonatal Morbidity Pattern among Infants Born to Diabetic Mothers at Jamhouria Hospital, Benghazi- Libya
Authors: Radwan Munera Awad , El Mansori Najia Abdelati , Elfergani Mufeda Ali , Halies Faiaz Ragab , Lawgali Mohanad Abdulhadi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Diabetes has long been associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The infant of a diabetic mother have higher risks for serious problems during pregnancy and at birth. Problems during pregnancy may include increased risks of abortions and stillbirths. Abnormal fetal metabolism during pregnancy complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus results in multiple neonatal sequallae, including abnormalities of growth, glucose and calcium metabolism, hematologic status, cardio- respiratory function, bilirubin metabolism, and congenital anomalies. The causes of the fetal and neonatal sequallae of maternal diabetes are Multifactorial. However, many of the perinatal complications can be traced to the effect of maternal glycemic control on the fetus & can be prevented by appropriate periconceptional & prenatal care.

Objective:  to describe the morbidity pattern among infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) either gestational or preconception diabetes mellitus.

Methods:  A cross sectional study was conducted in Jamhouria hospital/ neonatal ward & enrolled 120 consecutive infants born to diabetics mother either gestational or preconception diabetes mellitus over one year period.

Results: 120 babies were diagnosed as IDMs and were admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit, male, female, 74(60.8%) were gestational diabetes, and 46 (38.3%) with preconception diabetes, full term comprise 98 cases (81.6%) while premature were 22 cases (18.3%). For birth weight 20 case [16.7%} were low birth weight, macrosomia represent 16 case (13.3%).

Most common congenital anomalies was cardiac lesion 36 cases, for GDM 18 case =24.3% were PCDM 18 case around 40.0%.

Central nervous system 11 case (9.1%) all of them dilated ventricular system& only 2 of them need surgical intervention with shunt.

Gastrointestinal anomalies 4 cases {3.4%} 2 of them ectopic anus & 2 short bowel syndrome.

Most common metabolic disturbance was Hypocalcemia 17 case (14.1%), followed by hypoglycemia 11 case (9.1%), followed with hyper bilirubinemia 3 cases (2.5%)

Followed by Respiratory distress syndrome 26 case (21.6%), 17 case hyaline membrane disease (14.1%) ,transient tachypnea of neo born 9 cases (7.5%) , Birth trauma  3 cases Erb,s palsy one of them  birth asphyxia.

Conclusion: Most common type of diabetes in pregnancy is gestational diabetes, and most common congenital anomalies is the cardiac lesion & the most common metabolic disturbance is the hypocalcemia. Macrosomia associated with large birth weight as well as birth trauma. Large for gestational age and hypoglycemia associated mainly with poor maternal glycemic control.
Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Osteophloeum platyspermum (Myristicaceae) against Malassezia spp. and Candida albicans Influenced by Seasonality and Climatic Factors
Authors: S. Silva Jefferson , Brandão Victoria R. , Coutinho Selene D. A. , Paciencia Mateus L. B. , Frana Sergio A. , C. Díaz Ingrit E. , Suffredini Ivana B.
Published: December 2021

Aims: Malassezia spp. are involved in a wide range of mammalian skin diseases. The introduction of new drugs is a need. Natural products are known to be effective in the treatment of microbial pathogens. The present study analyzed the O. platyspermum leaf essential oils (EOs) antifungal activity.

Study Design: 18 terpenes from 13 O. platyspermum leaf EOs are related to seasonal and climatic variations occurring during the dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the Amazon Rain-Forest, verified by means of multivariate analyses.

Place and Duration of the Study: the study was conducted at the Center for Research in Biodiversity (Microbiology Laboratory and Cell Culture Laboratory), Paulista University, biological activity evaluations occurred between January/2019 and December 2019).

Methodology: microdilution broth assay was used in the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Multivariate analyses were used to access the relationship among MBC, seasonality and terpene composition of the EOs.

Results: Malassezia pachydermatis showed higher sensitivity to the EOs than M. furfur or C. albicans. The DS EOs were linked to the presence of limonene, myrcene, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, cubenol-1-epi, influenced by insolation, temperature and evaporation, while β-elemene, γ-elemene, neo-intermedeol, elemol, α-cadinol, spathulenol, isospathulenol, viridiflorol, δ-amorphene and ledol were linked to the RS EOs, and were influenced by precipitation, relative humidity and wind velocity. DS EOs showed better antifungal activity against both Malassezia species, and the presence of the six discriminative terpenes was essential for the antifungal activity.

Conclusions: The DS EOs are a potential source of new leads to defeat animal dermatological microbes.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among Antenatal Clinic Attendees in Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ndubuisi J. C. , Aisha Mohammed , Wariso Chris Akunneh , Ejiofor D. C.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) among antenatal clinic attendees in Massaka, Karu Local Government Area of Nassarawa State, North Central Nigeria. Formal consent was obtained from the State Hospital Board to carry out the survey. The study which involved 200 pregnant women aged 18-45 years randomly selected using a systematic random sampling technique was conducted between the months of May-June was a cross sectional health facility-based study. Structured questionnaire was used to generate data from respondents, after which blood samples aseptically collected were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen. Socio-demographic characteristics as well as some of the factors that influence infection were evaluated. Results obtained from the study revealed a 6.5% prevalence rate of infection in the studied population. Prevalence of infection among the subjects within the age range of 35-45 years was lowest (5.8%). However, while it was 5.2% for the married, it was 6.6% for the unmarried. Prevalence of infection was higher among the category with no formal education. Similarly, prevalence was higher among the rural dwellers (6.8%) than their urban counterparts (5.6%). Factors examined were not statistically significant predisposing to HBV infection. In conclusion, the prevalence of HBsAg among ante-natal clinic attendees in Masaka  was (6.5%) lower than the reported national prevalence (14.1%). Owing the outcome of this study, it is recommended that improved surveillance for HBV infection and screening of women attending ANC be instituted.
Effectiveness of Helmet Therapy in Infants with Positional Skull Deformity: A Literature Review
Authors: Shetty Nischitha U. , Rani P. Shilna , Kumar K. U. Dhanesh
Published: December 2021

Background: Positional skull deformity usually manifests during first six months of life due to various factors like premature births or multiple births, improper positioning of infant’s head as the head of an infant is softer than the older children’s head, thus leading to either positional brachycephaly or positional plagiocephaly. Early helmet therapy intervention may improve the shape of the skull by reducing the risk of secondary cosmetic and nervous system complications.

Aim: To study the effectiveness of helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformity.

Methods: The data source for this literature review is done by studying and reviewing articles through various data like Pub Med, Google Scholar, science direct, Elsevier and medicine Cochrane library.

Conclusion: Helmet therapy is contemplated to be effective in the treatment of mild-moderate-severe positional skull deformity than repositioning therapy by improving the structure of the misshaped skull, as well as the use of helmet therapy is reviewed not to hinder the head circumference growth in infants.
Surgical Management of Lymphatic Leakage
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Alatawi Atheer Hamad , ALMohammed Abdulaziz Ali , Alhasani Mutasim Hassan , Almutairi Saleh Amir , Abohaimid Abdulrahman Nasser , Althobaiti Ziyad Fahad , Kremli Asmaa Mamoun , Alrayiqi Rahaf Hamed M. , Abdullah Abdulkareem Mamoon , AlSadoon Mashael Sultan , Alhassar Zainab Ali , AlMuqhim Muath Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Lymphatics are found in almost every organ in the body, and they produce a variety of waste products that must be eliminated. lymphatic leakage is a typical occurrence. It can cause immunodeficiency as well as nutritional issues. Furthermore, it has a significant morbidity and death rate, depending on the existence of an underlying illness. Lymphatic leakage can be congenital, traumatic, or cancerous, and occurs when the lymphatic system is disrupted. It might take the following forms: Chylothorax, Lymphatic Fistula, Chylous Ascites. treatment of lymph leaks includes: reduction of lymphatic flow through physiological or pharmacological manipulation; replacement of fluid and electrolytes, as well as interventional procedure and/or direct surgical closure. In this review we’ll be discussing lymphatic system anatomy, its leakage and its management.
Effectiveness and Outcome of Early Weight Bearing in Ankle Fracture: A Systemic Review
Authors: Albaker Abdulmalik B.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Ankle fractures are claimed to affect 70-185 patients out of 100,000 people each year. There is currently no unanimity among surgeons throughout the world on early versus restricted weight bearing in surgically treated trauma patients with fractures. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness and outcome of early weight bearing in ankle fracture as well as quality of life and pain.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted of the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library, as well as Medline, Google Scholar to identify all articles related to the topic that have been published after 2006.

Results: Initially, 2434 records were identified. Due to similarity and duplication, 1308 records were eliminated, and 1126 records were kept. Following the screening of the records and their subjects, 921 further unconnected records were eliminated. Then, 205 qualified full-text articles were selected, and 10 articles were included in qualitative analysis.

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, surgical therapy, both aggressive and minimal, appears to be a safe alternative for the elderly. Short-term advantages of early weight-bearing include a decreased incidence of thromboembolic disease. Active movement reduces joint stiffness while maintaining muscle mass. Post-operative mobility, quality of life, and post-operative early weight bearing status are considered as significant outcome indicators. Unsafe weight as tolerated after ankle surgery might be a safe and encouraging option. As a result, future research should include this possibilities.
Overview on Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies in Children
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdelsamie , Alhazmi Asma Awad M. , Alyami Tariq Mohammed , Alkhaldi Najla jaber , Alhamdan Abdulshaheed Salman , Alsaedi Waad  Musayid , M. Alaufi Yazeed Nashi , Almotiry Meshary Saud , Alanazi Ashwaq Laili , Alrashdi Hussain Hassan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Greatest percentage of the upper gastro intestinal accidently swallowed foreign bodies in adults are related to food bolus impaction with meat. Most patients who swallow a true foreign body typically are younger, however young children were recorded to accidently swallow other objects rather than food poluses. Males are more often recorded, and often have significant psychiatric illness and/or drug abuse. Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a very common problem in children. FB may pass through gastrointestinal (GI) system silently without any indication, or it may need an intervention to prevent complications. The diagnosis, decision for involvement and management may have some difficulties, and it’s usually decided according to the case, especially in cases with protracted lodgment. Complications caused by lodgment of ingested GI FBs varies according to many factors and are associated with important morbidity and mortality in children.

Objectives: to show an overview of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children, its epidemiology, risk factors, hazards and management.
Effect of Cellphone on Quality of Life among Medical Students; A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Kiran , Rehman Ata ur , Pasha Ghazala Nasim , Fayyaz Syeda Laraib , Bhatti Muhammad Aslam , Mahmood Anum
Published: December 2021

Aims: The aim of the current study is to find out the quality of life among the medical undergraduates who are addicted to cellphone use.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in private and public sector medical and dental colleges of Karachi from January 2019 to September 2019.

Methodology: The data had been collected through a set of questionnaire, which was pre-designed. Those students were included who were using smartphones for pleasure, communication or study purpose The data was entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. For numerical variables mean with standard deviation were calculated and for categorical variables frequency and percentages were calculated.

Results: The mean age of the students surveyed was found to be 21.2 ±1.82 years. Majority of our research candidates were addicted to cell phone use. It was noted that more than 6 hours’ screen time daily was 29.75% while very unfortunate observation of less than 1-hour screen time was found in 6.25% of study participants. About 38.25% of our participants although addicted to screens agreed that this addiction is causing them to ignore their important things like study or family. Cell phone addiction is worsening day by day as 37.5% medical students confessed that they feel stressed when they do not use cell phones. About 76.75% medical students despite of being addicted to screens, confessed that this is causing them different health and social problems which they feel should be removed just by giving lesser time to the applications.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the medical undergraduates who are addicted to their cellphones, having poor quality of life which is negatively affecting their health as well as their studies. There is a need to accept the problem and find out the best solution for it. Students should be aware of the effects of cellphone addiction on the quality of life.
Epidemiology, Evaluation and Management of Wilson Disease: Review Article
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Alshehri Turki Mohammed A. , Aloufi Nada Muidh , Saeed A. Alghamdi, Ibrahim , Abdulrahman S. Al zahrani, Adel , Alharbi Fahad Ayed , Alqerafi Ahmed Abdulaziz A. , M Alsarraj, Nawaf Faiq , Alem Manal Abdulrahman , Jamal Alotaibi. Saad
Published: December 2021

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) is a rare autosomal recessive ailment characterized by aberrant copper buildup in the body, with the brain, liver, and cornea being notably affected. Wilson illness is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13, which regulates the protein transporter that excretes excess copper into the bile and out of the body. So far, over 500 mutations have been discovered. The most common treatment for WD is D-penicillamine (D-PCA). Patients with severe spasms, deformities, or dysphonia, as well as those who are allergic to D-PCA, should avoid it. Early Diagnosis is a key factor in saving patient’s live, and thus prober investigation should be done as soon as possible.  Family screening is a must when a patient is diagnosed to role out any other patients in the family with the disease and because of the strong genetic factor impacting the disease. early detection is critical for initiating therapy in the early, asymptomatic stages of the disease, rather than when liver decompensation or extensive neurological irreversible harm has already occurred. In this circumstance, the optimum technique is to finish copper investigations in the index patient's first- and second-degree relatives. In the present article we’ll be discussing disease prevalence, etiology and more importantly diagnosis and management.
Glucokinase Gene Mutations in Subjects with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from Gaza Strip
Authors: Alaqad Taher , Alzaharna Mazen , Ashour Mohammed , Sharif Fadel
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the frequency of GCK gene mutations in exons 7, 8 & 9 in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and their relationship to some biochemical parameters as compared to healthy controls.

Methods: Samples were collected from 45 GDM women and 42 apparently healthy pregnant women. DNA was extracted and the samples were screened for GCK exons 7, 8 & 9 mutations at positions C.682A>G (p.Thr228Ala); C.895G>C (p.Gly299Arg) and C.1148C>A (p.Ser383X), respectively. The mutations were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Investigated biochemical features included: fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, insulin and the lipid profile.

Results: The results showed that 9 out of the 45 (i.e., 20%) GDM subjects harbored the exon 8 (895G>C) mutation. Neither exon 7 (c.682A>G) nor exon 9 (c.1148C>A) was encountered in the study population. Moreover, the level of FBG, OGTT and HBA1c were higher in the c.895G>C mutation-positive subjects, as compared to mutation-negative ones.

Conclusions: The screening of GDM patients for GCK gene mutations allowed for the identification of glucokinase-deficient patients diagnosed as GDM. Therefore, molecular screening is important for the differential diagnosis of GDM and MODY2 and consequently, proper patient management.
An Unusual Presentaton of Tuberculosis with Septic Shock and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Patil Suraj , Mayilananthi K. , Krishnan Durga , Dhivya E. , Rao V. R. Mohan
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis presenting as septic shock is a rare entity especially in an immunocompetent patient. It has been reported in only 1% of patients with septic shock. Tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the paradoxical worsening of the current condition or the development of new lesions in patients who are on anti-tuberculosis treatment. In non-HIV patients with tuberculosis, the incidence of IRIS is only about 2.4%. We report a 29 year old immunocompetant female who presented with septic shock and on continued evaluation she tested positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis by Genexpert (sensitive to rifampicin) done in BAL fluid. All possible causes for immunodeficiency were ruled out. She was started on Anti-Tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and a month later, patient deteriorated clinically with high spiking temperatures and troublesome constitutional symptoms. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and chest revealed new onset multiple enlarged necrotic mediastinal, para aortic and hilar lymph nodes. After extensive evaluation including autoimmune profile, fungal culture, viral serology, Positron emission tomography (PET) scan, bone marrow analysis and ruling out all other possible causes for fever, IRIS was suspected and patient was started on steroids along with ATT. There was a drastic improvement in her symptoms within a week. She completed her course of ATT and steroids were gradually tapered. At 2 years of follow up, the patient is doing well.
Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Patient with Dengue and COVID-19 Illness Simultaneously
Authors: Mahajan Satish , Sagar Vankadari Venkata Sesha Satya , Talwar Dhruv , Akhilesh Annadatha , Akhil Chitturi Venkata sai
Published: December 2021

Dengue is a viral illness spreads through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito leading to a serious health hazard. Dengue induced acute kidney injury is a fatal consequence and there are very few studies reported. Hence early identification of high risk groups is crucial for prevention, to restrict progression and effective treatment of acute kidney injury and to minimise associated morbidity and mortality. The coronavirus disease outbreak has widely spread into a pandemic all over the world. COVID-19 cases have presented with wide spectrum of severity ranging from a mild presentation to severe cases affecting the lungs(ARDS) mainly and rapidly affecting various body organs leading to multiorgan failure. Among these renal involvement is common, the severity of which ranges from mild loss of protein in urine to progressive acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.
Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution – A Review
Authors: Padmaja S. , Rao K. Lakshitha Niyatee
Published: December 2021

Introduction: In this review article the safety and efficacy of of Lifitegrast™ in the management of dry eye disease is described.

Methods: Search was carried out using related search terms in data bases like pubmed and related articles were referred.

Result: A larger reduction in Eye dryness Score (EDS) was seen with Lifitegrast™.

Conclusion: Lifitegrast™ ophthalmic solution 5% provides a new option for the treatment of dry eyes.