bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TaxonWorks 1.0?
Authors: Yoder Matthew , Dmitriev Dmitry , Pereira José Luis , Flood James , Tucker James , Pereira Hernán , Beckman Marilyn
Published: June 2019

TaxonWorks is an open-source workbench for biodiversity researchers. With several years of development behind it, we highlight its present status, and discuss if and when it makes sense to release a version 1.0, i.e. software completed to specific stage. TaxonWorks' scope is broad; it seeks to touch nearly all areas that might be of interest to taxonomists, i.e. those who integrate everything that is known about a taxon into a single resource. Its role as a software platform is placed in a broader context, where many instances of TaxonWorks each can support multiple research projects. Instances may be supported by individuals or organizations. A suite of technical tools including containerization and unit tests facilitate collaboration at many different levels. TaxonWorks is a research tool, mechanisms for analyzing the results of data curation including its application programing interface are described.

The long-term development of TaxonWorks is supported by an endowment to the Species File Group. Its source is available on Github.
Biodiversity Data Integration: The significance of data resolution and domain
Authors: König Christian , Weigelt Patrick , Schrader Julian , Taylor Amanda , Kattge Jens , Kreft Holger
Published: June 2019

Recent years have seen an explosion in the availability of biodiversity data describing the distribution, function, and evolutionary history of life on earth. Integrating these heterogeneous data remains a challenge due to large variations in observational scales, collection purposes, and terminologies. Here, we conceptualize widely used biodiversity data types according to their domain (what aspect of biodiversity is described?) and informational resolution (how specific is the description?)(Fig. 1). Applying this framework to major data providers in biodiversity research reveals a strong focus on the disaggregated end of the data spectrum, e.g. point occurrence data or trait measurements, whereas aggregated data types, e.g. floras or taxonomic monographs, remain largely under-utilized. We discuss the implications of this imbalance for the scope and representativeness of current macroecological research and lay out how an explicit consideration of domain and resolution can inform data collection, mobilization, imputation, and integration.

We use two case studies to substantiate our points. In the first case study, we show how coarse-grained regional plant checklists can be used to predict global growth form spectra at high spatial resolutions. Our predictions are highly consistent with fine-grained empirical data based on point occurrence records and vegetation plots. While such dis-aggregated data produce reliable results only for a limited set of well-covered regions, aggregated data types can provide critical information for the extrapolation of biodiversity patterns into less well-sampled regions. In the second case study, we revisit the latitudinal gradient in seed mass, which has been reported to exhibit a 320-fold decrease between 0 and 60 degrees latitude as well as a sharp, 7-fold drop at the edge of the tropics. Re-assessing this relationship using an independent dataset revealed a much more moderate, 11-fold decrease of seed mass towards the poles with little evidence for any abrupt changes. We show that the original results, which were based on relatively sparse, disaggregated data, are confounded by substantial biases in the representation of biomes and growth forms. This, we argue, amplified the magnitude and distorted the shape of the latitudinal gradient in seed mass.

In summary, this talk aims to provide both theoretical and practical arguments for a more integrated biodiversity data landscape, which utilizes the strengths and weaknesses of multiple data types across multiple domains and resolutions in order to produce more robust, comprehensive and informative macroecological inferences.
PlutoF: Biodiversity data management platform for the complete data lifecycle
Authors: Kõljalg Urmas , Abarenkov Kessy , Zirk Allan , Runnel Veljo , Piirmann Timo , Pöhönen Raivo , Ivanov Filipp
Published: June 2019

PlutoF online platform (https://plutof.ut.ee) is built for the management of biodiversity data. The concept is to provide a common workbench where the full data lifecycle can be managed and support seamless data sharing between single users, workgroups and institutions. Today, large and sophisticated biodiversity datasets are increasingly developed and managed by international workgroups. PlutoF's ambition is to serve such collaborative projects as well as to provide data management services to single users, museum or private collections and research institutions.

Data management in PlutoF follows a logical order of the data lifecycle Fig. 1. At first, project metadata is uploaded including the project description, data management plan, participants, sampling areas, etc. Data upload and management activities then follow which is often linked to the internal data sharing. Some data analyses can be performed directly in the workbench or data can be exported in standard formats. PlutoF includes also data publishing module. Users can publish their data, generating a citable DOI without datasets leaving PlutoF workbench. PlutoF is part of the DataCite collaboration (https://datacite.org) and so far released more than 600 000 DOIs. Another option is to publish observation or collection datasets via the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) portal. A. new feature implemented in 2019 allows users to publish High Throughput Sequencing data as taxon occurrences in GBIF. There is an additional option to send specific datasets directly to the Pensoft online journals. Ultimately, PlutoF works as a data archive which completes the data life cycle.

In PlutoF users can manage different data types. Most common types include specimen and living specimen data, nucleotide sequences, human observations, material samples, taxonomic backbones and ecological data. Another important feature is that these data types can be managed as a single datasets or projects.

PlutoF follows several biodiversity standards. Examples include Darwin Core, GGBN (Global Genome Biodiversity Network), EML (Ecological Metadata Language), MCL (Microbiological Common Language), and MIxS (Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence).
LinBi: Linking biodiversity and culture information
Authors: Huybrechts Pieter , Alonso-Sánchez Felix , Böttinger Petra , Dillen Mathias , Groom Quentin , Hanquart Nicole , Koch Walter , Gordon Martin , Mergen Patricia
Published: June 2019

The LinBi project aims to enhance the discoverability of digitized objects from natural history collections hosted by institutes all over Europe. This enhancement is achieved by publishing new and enriched content to the Europeana collections platform. The use of simple vocabularies and machine-readable metadata encourages reuse and has the additional advantage of facilitating the clustering of interesting content for user groups beyond biodiversity and natural history researchers. Linking the collections of Europe together in an openly-available platform and sharing our common cultural and natural heritage with a broad audience will increase the public’s awareness of biodiversity collections. Furthermore, it will help us reach out to new user groups such as teachers, journalists and artists, who were previously unaware of, or distant from, our collections.

Suitable content was selected and harmonized for interlinking with Europeana. Contributions include a large quantity of herbarium sheets, digitized glass plate negatives taken between 1880 and 1930 and a portrait collection dating from the late 19th and early 20th century. With the help of the DoeDat crowdsourcing platform, existing metadata were enriched and mobilized to allow for publication in the form of open linked data.

The integration of geographical data and common names allows the Europeana platform to link scientific specimens with literature and fine art from different collections and to guide users to interesting and inspiring content via themed virtual exhibitions. One such theme is composed of content from the "Wild Roses of Crépin" collection, which will be enriched by pictures of living plants, herbarium specimens and illustrations old and modern. A second content cluster consists of an enriched and curated collection of botanical illustrations originating from a corpus of special and rare books ranging from the 15th to 19th centuries. Careful curation increases the potential for re-use and provides additional oppertunities for the general public to interact with this collection.

The LinBi platform has the long-term ambition of forming a sustainable and open source solution integrated into the Europeana Core Service. This will further improve cooperation between institutes by building international infrastructure and networks, thus contributing to a more open cross-border society.
US Department of Agriculture and global biogenome initatives: policy challenges and opportunities
Authors: Parr Cynthia , Poelchau Monica , Kinard Gary , Childers Anna
Published: June 2019

Biodiversity research is seeing unprecedented global collaboration with initiatives such as the Earth BioGenome Project, an effort to sequence all known eukaryotic life, and Genesys, a global database for sharing crop genetic resources. However, as in other disciplines, public funding and policy for scientific research in agriculture tend to follow national borders even when science and its collaborations do not. In addition, agriculture is similar to biomedicine in having significant private investment in research and development where competition could inhibit sharing. It would seem that significant challenges lie ahead for making progress on ambitious global initiatives at least where agricultural samples, collections, and data are concerned. In this talk we will review several activities at the United States Department of Agriculture that illustrate how policy and infrastructure can overcome difficulties. For example, recent policies for openness of publicly-funded research products and adoption of FAIR data principles even for private or proprietary data hold promise and have elevated the importance of data infrastructure. The US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) launched its Ag100Pest contribution to the Earth BioGenome Project, including the use of the i5K Workspace@NAL platform for its sequenced and annotated genomes. The GRIN Global platform supports not just USDA germplasm data management but a growing network of plant and animal researchers and collections around the world. The Ag Data Commons provides standardized metadata and machine-readable data dictionaries to the publicly accessible products of these and other USDA-funded efforts. It is teaming with the ARS high performance computing system SCINet to explore cost-effective public access to big data storage for agricultural data and models. Finally, many of these efforts extend and contribute back to widely used open source software systems. While challenges remain in coordinating and sustaining these efforts with international stakeholders, engagement with groups like AgBioData, the Research Data Alliance (RDA) Interest Group on Agricultural Data, and the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition coalition will continue to bear fruit (pun intended). We seek similar engagement with the broader biodiversity data community in order to ensure that policy and infrastructure investments result in maximum mutual benefit.
Assessment of drug utilization pattern of steroids in a district general hospital in Amravati region
Authors: Shende Mulchand , Ghutke Bhupesh , Panekar Dhanshree , Kachewar Aparna
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Rational use of corticosteroids is very important in the long term for improving patient safety. The main objective of the study was to analyze the prescribing patterns of steroids in a district general hospital, Amravati.

Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of six months in a district general hospital. All patients receiving any category of steroid therapy were enrolled, and the prescribing tapering patterns of steroids were reviewed. The demographic data, disease data and data on the utilization of various steroids were analyzed, and the knowledge of the patients was assessed by using a Michigan questionnaire.

Results and discussion: 179 patients were recruited for the study. Steroids were prescribed for various (29.6%) respiratory conditions, (10.1%) CVS diseases, (11.7%) CNS, (1.6%) in hepatic disorders, (1.1%) musculoskeletal disorders, (3.4%) skeletal disorders, (0.6%) renal impairments, (3.9%) GI disorders, (19.0%) skin diseases and (19.0%) other diseases. The utilization of steroid dexamethasone was the most commonly prescribed to 111 patients (63.8%) followed by hydrocortisone (57 patients, 32.8%) and prednisolone (6 patients, 3.4 %). Dexamethasone was most commonly associated with adverse effects (1.8% of such as headaches, abdominal pains, and rashes), followed by prednisolone (0.8% of such as facial swelling), clobetasol (0.4%) and fluticasone (0.4 %).

Conclusions: Very little variation was found in the prescription pattern amongst the healthcare professionals. Most of the drugs were prescribed rationally; the significance of the study is to improve the patient safety in the long-term use of steroid therapy by observing the prescribing patterns as irrational use of steroids can increase the risk of adverse effects.
Entraîner à la compréhension de l'oral en anglais dans un module en ligne : retours d'expérience
Authors: Catoire Pascale
Published: June 2019

La compréhension de l'oral en anglais représente une difficulté majeure pour les étudiants francophones et peut représenter un obstacle important en master Meef (métiers de l'enseignement, de l'éducation et de la formation) où les étudiants, selon l'arrêté ministériel, doivent viser un niveau B2 du CECRL. Le nombre d'heures offert en présentiel étant insuffisant pour certains étudiants arrivant en master avec un niveau inférieur ou égal à A2, un module en ligne venant enrichir le cours en présentiel a été conçu pour accompagner ces étudiants. Des capsules vidéo ont été créées afin de leur permettre de développer des stratégies pour améliorer leur compréhension de l'oral. Une expérience sur deux ans a été menée et fait l'objet d'une étude sur une année, ici rapportée. Nous avons cherché à savoir si notre dispositif pouvait améliorer le sentiment d'auto-efficacité des étudiants afin de réduire l'anxiété lors de l'épreuve de fin de semestre, et à évaluer le dispositif en termes d'utilité, utilisabilité. Nous avons également cherché à évaluer l'efficacité des capsules vidéo pour aider la compréhension. Ce dispositif constitue un exemple d'adaptation, pour un établissement d'enseignement supérieur, face à l'hétérogénéité des étudiants.
Tratamiento de la prensa sobre el viaje del rey don Juan Carlos a Estados Unidos el 2 de junio de 1976
Authors: Tenorio Maciá José Carlos
Published: June 2019

L’objet principal de cette recherche est d’étudier la figure du roi Juan Carlos I et le rôle de la presse pendant les premiers moments de la transition démocratique espagnole. Pour cela, nous avons analysé comment les principaux journaux espagnols ont couvert le voyage de LL. MM. le roi et la reine aux États-Unis en 1976, afin que nous puissions déterminer si la couverture médiatique correspondait à l’importance que cet événement a eu sur l’évolution de l’Espagne vers la démocratie. Nous avons également cherché à établir des points communs et des divergences dans le traitement de l’information de chaque journal à travers une étude individualisée. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé les archives numériques des journaux ABC, El País et La Vanguardia, en commençant notre analyse une semaine avant l’arrivée des monarques aux États-Unis et en la prolongeant jusqu’à une semaine après (du 26 mai au 9 juin). Nous avons observé que tous les journaux examinés ont accordé une importance particulière à cette visite, bien que chacun l'ait couverte et traitée de manière différente.
Famille et pouvoir dans le monde franc (VIIe-Xe siècle)
Authors: Le Jan Régine
Published: June 2019

La société médiévale est née à l'époque carolingienne... Durant cette période charnière, un lent mouvement de fond a conduit au gouvernement par conseil des grands et au développement des liens de fidélité, à la conjugalisation du modèle familial et au renforcement des liens verticaux et hiérarchiques à l’intérieur des groupements de parenté aristocratiques. La famille carolingienne et les familles royales qui lui ont succédé sont issues de l’aristocratie franque qui apparaît au fil de l’étude comme l’observatoire privilégié de toutes les transformations sociales.

Famille large-famille étroite, parenté cognatique-parenté agnatique ? L’auteur dépasse ces débats traditionnels en mettant en relation les fondements sociaux et culturels du pouvoir avec les mécanismes de la filiation, de l’alliance et de la résidence. Fondamentalement cognatique mais de plus en plus fermement centré sur le couple conjugal, le système de parenté a évolué au rythme des transformations sociales et politiques, tout en participant lui-même à la dynamique du changement social.

Le présent ouvrage met en lumière mutations et permanences. La montée des Carolingiens et le système politique qu’ils mettent en place aux VIIIe et XIe siècles tirent parti de la hiérarchisation de l’aristocratie et l’accélèrent. Sous le contrôle du roi et de l’Église, l’équilibre social et politique repose désormais sur des groupements que structurent l’alliance, l’amitié et la fidélité. La rupture de l’ordre carolingien et la promotion de la militia à la fin du IXe siècle, l’apparition de lignages organisés autour d’un honor transmis en ligne directe, la nouvelle définition du rôle de la femme et de la parenté agnatique au Xe siècle n’y changent rien : l’alliance et la fidélité restent les fondements des équilibres locaux.
Evaluation of Employee Readiness for ERP Systems
Authors: Khaemba Stella Nafula
Published: June 2019

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are increasingly being adopted by many organizations. The cost, time, and effort of the organization need to be reflected in the uptake and use of the system by employees of the organizations in question. ERP system implementation readiness is positively associated with the ERP implementation success. It is therefore important to measure the success of such software in adopting firms which largely influenced by the readiness of the firm for ERPs. Many studies focus on other aspects of readiness leaving out the major players who are employees. This chapter discusses an effort towards extending CREM evaluation model for employee readiness with the aim of highlighting the role of their readiness in the overall success of ERP implementation. Research findings of this study help decision makers of organizations to attain a comprehensive picture about required actions to be accomplished for achieving readiness for implementing an ERP system.
ERP Software Maintenance
Authors: Micheni Elyjoy Muthoni
Published: June 2019

This chapter will explain ERP software maintenance and the effort required to locate and fix errors in the ERP software. Software maintenance is defined as the totality of activities required to provide cost-effective support to a software system. The purpose of software maintenance is to modify and update software application after delivery to correct faults and to improve performance. The chapter will highlight activities performed during the pre-delivery stage, including planning for post-delivery operations, supportability, and logistics determination, and also activities performed during the post-delivery stage, including software modification, training, and operating a help desk. The chapter will discuss the types of maintenance and highlight the ERP process support activities and the ERP system maintainability framework. The chapter will explain the maintenance of ERP software and will also discuss the ISO/IEC 9126 and IEEE Standard 1219-1998 for software maintenance. Issues in ERP software maintenance are also presented and discussed.
ERP Software Inspections and Audits
Authors: Murumba Julius , Machii Jackson Kipchirchir
Published: June 2019

The role of software inspections, product reviews, walk-troughs, and audits in ERP software is analyzed in this chapter. Software inspections are a disciplined engineering practice for detecting and correcting defects in software artifacts with the aim of correcting them. Walkthroughs involve software peer review mechanism in which a programmer leads peers through a software product, in a process in which participants ask questions and make comments about possible errors, violation of development standards, and other problems. This chapter also discusses ERP systems audit and control risks and seeks to help understand key risks and control issues surrounding ERP systems.
Research Data Analysis Using EViews
Authors: Uğurlu Erginbay
Published: June 2019

The aim of this chapter is to provide a detailed empirical example of autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model and selected generalized ARCH models. Before the ARCH/GARCH models are estimated, several calculations and tests should be done. The mean model is determined using the autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function and also the unit root test. The existence of ARCH effect is tested using ARCH-LM test. After these steps are done, then ARCH/GARCH models can be estimated. All these theoretical aspects are applied to Sofia Stock Indexes (SOFIX) using EViews 9 software package. The windows and output of EViews are presented. To show the output's academic writing format researchers' outputs are presented in a table.
Access to Research Online
Authors: Symes Kristina
Published: June 2019

The world is hungry for knowledge and quickly-producing researchers of varying caliber who are less dependent on the physical space than ever before. This presents a number of challenges to librarians, out of which issues related to technology stand out prominently. How can the library pave roads to curated digital content and make it easily accessible from any location? How does it remain relevant in the age of Google, sophisticated piracy and the open access movement? The chapter begins with an overview of IP-based and federated access technologies, touching on less-used methods as well. Personally-conducted interviews with library industry experts aim to determine current trends in order to provide a collective insight into future developments. These include the widespread migration towards cloud-based services, the global RA21 initiative, the open access movement, the need for better statistics, and new ways of content delivery, all of which affect libraries' demands for remote access in different ways.
Microfinance and Polycentric Governance as Strategies for Renewable Energy Deployment in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chirambo Dumisani
Published: June 2019

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the least electrified regions in the world and also a region that is characterized by poverty and inequality due to high levels of climate change vulnerability. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, SSA policymakers are compelled to devise new innovative strategies and policies to enhance investments in renewable energy technologies (RETs). Accordingly, this chapter provides an assessment of some strategies to accelerate RET deployment and the potential of polycentric governance systems to improve RET deployment. The assessment concluded that even though renewable energy investments through climate finance and microfinance modalities are not at a level sufficient to ensure that universal energy access can be attained in the region, SSA can still accelerate its progress on RET deployment by utilizing nationally determined contributions as instruments to direct South-South aid, trade, and investments into priority renewable energy sub-sectors.
Sustainable Development in Family Firms
Authors: Dettori Angela , Floris Michela , Dessì Cinzia
Published: June 2019

This chapter outlines the relevance of sustainable development as a key for family firm success and its ability to guarantee long-term survival and spread positive effects in social, economic, and natural environments. By particularly analyzing a single case study of a Sardinian family business, this work explores the intertwined relationships among sustainability, owner innovativeness, and firm success. Moreover, the importance of family businesses and the scarcity of the study conducted to date have suggested a focus on how these companies tackle sustainability challenges.
Green Building Technologies
Authors: Gibberd Jeremy
Published: June 2019

Buildings are responsible for 40% of global energy use and produce over a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. These impacts are being acknowledged and addressed in specialist building design techniques and technologies that aim to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. These techniques and technologies can be referred to collectively as green building technologies. This chapter describes green building technologies and shows why they are vital in addressing climate change and reducing the negative environmental impacts associated with built environments. A structured approach is presented which can be applied to identify and integrate green building technologies into new and existing buildings. By combining global implications with technical detail, the chapter provides a valuable guide to green building technologies and their role in supporting a transition to a more sustainable future.
State-Wide Teacher Walkouts Highlight Equality Gaps
Authors: Wisdom Sherrie L.
Published: June 2019

Arizona, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and West Virginia mounted statewide teacher walkouts related to teacher salary during 2018. This study offers a synthesis of literature surrounding the walkouts, along with examination of similarities and differences in publicly available measures, highlighting equity gaps and comparison to states whose teaching force did not choose to walkout and demand increased pay and per-student spending, better benefits, or better working conditions. Relationships are sought between the variables considered: per-pupil expenditures, achievement, graduation rates, college persistence of high school graduates, college graduation rates, attainment of varied levels of degree credentials, and cost of living, as related to teacher salaries, increases, and decreases. Links between political and policy issues and the variables related to unrest leading to the walkouts are explored through literature.
Online Self-Disclosure
Authors: Desjarlais Malinda
Published: June 2019

Due to their audiovisual anonymity and asynchronicity, social media have the potential to enhance self-disclosure, and thereby facilitate closeness among existing friends. In this chapter, the author highlights findings relating to the beneficial social connectedness outcomes that can be linked to online self-disclosure, synthesizes relevant literature that addresses who reaps the most benefits from online self-disclosure, and makes suggestions to direct future research in this area. Theoretical perspectives are identified throughout the chapter that are relevant to understanding the benefits of online self-disclosure, the relation between personal characteristics as predictors of online self-disclosure, and moderating factors of the effect of online self-disclosure on social connectedness. Empirical findings support both social compensation and social enhancement perspectives.
Role of Internal and External Values on Green Purchase
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Sreen Naman
Published: June 2019

In recent years, consumers' interest has grown for environmental issues and responsible consumption. With the widespread familiarity with sustainable development goals, consumers are making environmentally friendly decisions in their daily consumption practices. The study focuses on the role of internal and external values in building favorable attitude towards green purchase. Two separate studies were conducted on Indian population. The first study examines the impact of internal values on green purchase intention whereas the second study examines the impact of external values on green purchase intention. Study 1 investigates the role of culture on forming attitude that leads towards green purchase intention with mediating variables: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Study 2 investigates the impact of formal norms on green purchase intention through internal cognition variables which are knowledge, perceived expected outcomes, self-efficacy, and attitude. Findings indicate that internal and external values impact the green behavior.
A Matrix-Based Pair-Wise Key Establishment for Secure and Energy Efficient WSN-Assisted IoT
Authors: Shukla Anurag Shukla , Tripathi Sarsij
Published: June 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting the reputation as one of the most optimistic networking paradigms that is reducing the gap between the cyber world and physical world. Most of the participating nodes in IoT network are sensors, which are limited in terms of resource such as energy, computation power, memory and so on. In IoT network, nodes communicate with each other via wireless medium, which makes the IoT network vulnerable to many security threats including eavesdropping. The IoT network is deployed in a large area and work on 24/7 hours, so an energy efficient scheme is one of the major issues in IoT. To achieve secure and energy efficient network, this article contributes: (1) A hierarchical topology for IoT network deployment; (2) symmetric matrix-based pair-wise key generation for secure communication; (3) A secure and energy efficient secure routing algorithm for the proposed model.
Parallel Hybrid BBO Search Method for Twitter Sentiment Analysis of Large Scale Datasets Using MapReduce
Authors: Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Sharma Kapil , Bala Manju
Published: June 2019

Sentiment analysis is an eminent part of data mining for the investigation of user perception. Twitter is one of the popular social platforms for expressing thoughts in the form of tweets. Nowadays, tweets are widely used for analyzing the sentiments of the users, and utilized for decision making purposes. Though clustering and classification methods are used for the twitter sentiment analysis, meta-heuristic based clustering methods has witnessed better performance due to subjective nature of tweets. However, sequential meta-heuristic based clustering methods are computation intensive for large scale datasets. Therefore, in this paper, a novel MapReduce based K-means biogeography based optimizer(MR-KBBO) is proposed to leverage the strength of biogeography based optimizer with MapReduce model to efficiently cluster the large scale data. The proposed method is validated against four state-of-the-art MapReduce based clustering methods namely; parallel K-means, parallel K-means particle swarm optimization, MapReduce based artificial bee colony optimization, dynamic frequency based parallel k-bat algorithm on four large scale twitter datasets. Further, speedup measure is used to illustrate the computation performance on varying number of nodes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient in sentiment mining for the large scale twitter datasets.
Development and Characterization of a Preclinical Model for the Evaluation of CD205-Mediated Antigen Delivery Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schloss Jennifer , Ali Riyasat , Babad Jeffrey , Guerrero-Ros Ignacio , Pongsachai Jillamika , He Li-Zhen , Keler Tibor , DiLorenzo Teresa P
Published: June 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the production of adaptive immune responses to disease-causing microbes. However, in the steady state (i.e., in the absence of an infection or when Ags are experimentally delivered without a DC-activating adjuvant), DCs present Ags to T cells in a tolerogenic manner and are important for the establishment of peripheral tolerance. Delivery of islet Ags to DCs using Ag-linked Abs to the DC endocytic receptor CD205 has shown promise in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is important to note, however, that all myeloid DCs express CD205 in humans, whereas in mice, only one of the classical DC subsets does (classical DC1; CD8α+ in spleen). Thus, the evaluation of CD205-targeted treatments in mice will likely not accurately predict the results observed in humans. To overcome this challenge, we have developed and characterized a novel NOD mouse model in which all myeloid DCs transgenically express human CD205 (hCD205). This NOD.hCD205 strain displays a similar T1D incidence profile to standard NOD mice. The presence of the transgene does not alter DC development, phenotype, or function. Importantly, the DCs are able to process and present Ags delivered via hCD205. Because Ags taken up via hCD205 can be presented on both class I and class II MHC, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can be modulated. As both T cell subsets are important for T1D pathogenesis, NOD.hCD205 mice represent a unique, patient-relevant tool for the development and optimization of DC-directed T1D therapies.
Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells Exhibit Foxp3 Epigenetic Modification and Phenotype Attenuation after Mating in Mice
Authors: Moldenhauer Lachlan M. , Schjenken John E. , Hope Christopher M. , Green Ella S. , Zhang Bihong , Eldi Preethi , Hayball John D. , Barry Simon C. , Robertson Sarah A.
Published: June 2019

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maternal tolerance in allogeneic pregnancy. In preeclampsia, Tregs are fewer and display aberrant phenotypes, particularly in the thymic Treg (tTreg) compartment, potentially because of insufficient priming to male partner alloantigens before conception. To investigate how tTregs as well as peripheral Tregs (pTregs) respond to male partner seminal fluid, Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs were examined in the uterus and uterus-draining lymph nodes in virgin estrus mice and 3.5 d postcoitum. Mating elicited 5-fold increases in uterine Tregs accompanied by extensive Treg proliferation in the uterus-draining lymph nodes, comprising 70% neuropilin 1+ tTregs and 30% neuropilin 1− pTregs. Proliferation marker Ki67 and suppressive competence markers Foxp3 and CTLA4 were induced after mating in both subsets, and Ki67, CTLA4, CD25, and GITR were higher in tTregs than in pTregs. Analysis by t-stochastic neighbor embedding confirmed phenotypically distinct tTreg and pTreg clusters, with the proportion of tTregs but not pTregs among CD4+ T cells expanding in response to seminal fluid. Bisulphite sequencing revealed increased demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylation region in the Foxp3 locus in tTregs but not pTregs after mating. These data show that tTregs and pTregs with distinct phenotypes both respond to seminal fluid priming, but the Foxp3 epigenetic signature is uniquely increased in tTregs. We conclude that reproductive tract tTregs as well as pTregs are sensitive to local regulation by seminal fluid, providing a candidate mechanism warranting evaluation for the potential to influence preeclampsia susceptibility in women.
Climate change adaptation and local government: Institutional complexities surrounding Cape Town’s Day Zero
Authors: Nhamo Godwell , Agyepong Adelaide O.
Published: June 2019

The challenges associated with climate change in local governments are growing daily. One such challenge is water security, an aspect that draws us to the subject matter of climate change adaptation. This article discusses findings about institutional complexities surrounding Day Zero, a concept associated with water taps running dry because of drought conditions as aggravated by climate change in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. The thrust on institutional complexities is deliberate, as this affects how crisis situations like Day Zero were handled. The data were generated mainly from the actor–actant–network theory, events study as well as document and discourse analysis methods. The actor–actant–network theory is used widely to trace how actors (humans) and actants (non-human phenomena) interact in space and time through their networks, following narratives like Day Zero, and act on climate-related matters. The analysis applied elements of grounded theory, resulting in categories and themes emerging for discussion. The article found that narratives surrounding Day Zero were embedded in both political and administrative dilemmas and red tape. Despite these challenges, the article concludes that Day Zero remains one of the landmark learning points for climate change adaptation and water security in Cape Town, South Africa, and in other cities across the world. The article recommends that Day Zero experiences continue to be embraced positively and documented further to enhance local government climate adaptation for water security currently and into the future as well.
Determining a diagnostic algorithm for hyperinsulinaemia
Authors: Crofts Catherine A.P. , Schofield Grant , Wheldon Mark C. , Zinn Caryn , Kraft Joseph R.
Published: June 2019

Background: Ascertaining Kraft dynamic insulin response patterns following a 3-h 100 g oral glucose tolerance test seems to be the most reliable method for diagnosing hyperinsulinaemia. However, this test may be too resource-intensive for standard clinical use.Aim: This study aims to see if Kraft patterns can be accurately predicted using fewer blood samples with sensitivity and specificity analyses.Setting: St Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States and Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of technology, Auckland, New Zealand.Method: We analysed the results of 4185 men and women with a normal glucose tolerance, who had a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test with Kraft pattern analysis. Participants were dichotomised into normal–low insulin tolerance (Kraft I or V patterns) or hyperinsulinaemia (Kraft IIA–IV patterns). Sensitivity and specificity analysis was applied to available variables (including age, body mass index, fasting insulin or glucose) both individually and in combination.Results: Out of a maximal combined sensitivity and specificity score of 2.0, 2-h insulin level 45 µU/mL attained the highest score (1.80). Two-hour insulin also attained the highest sensitivity ( 30 µU/mL, 0.98) and the highest specificity ( 50 µU/mL, 0.99) scores. Combining the 2-h insulin with other variables reduced the sensitivity and/or specificity. Dynamic measures had a better combined sensitivity and specificity compared to fasting or anthropological measures.Conclusion: People with a 2-h plasma insulin level 30 µU/mL are unlikely to be hyperinsulinaemic. Given that first-line treatment is lifestyle modification, we recommend that a 2-h plasma insulin level 30 µU/mL following a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test be used to identify the hyperinsulinaemic individual.
How to do a systematic literature review
Authors: Papadopoulos M. , Rheeder P.
Published: June 2019

Physiotherapists, whether serving individual patients or populations, always have to sought to base their decisions and actions on the best possible evidence. In making choices, health professionals may benefit from structured summaries of the options and outcomes, systematic reviews of the evidence and recommendations regarding the best choices. The aim of this paper is to present guidelines on how to conduct a systematic review. The structure and content of a systematic review are being discussed, following a step-by-step approach.
The strategic development of physiotherapy in South Africa paper 1: Some theoretical concepts which relate to organisational change
Authors: Bowerbank P.
Published: June 2019

This is the first of two papers which examine the relationship between professional organisations and organisational change. Different theoretical paradigms for change are outlined against the historical development of the physiotherapy profession in South Africa. An evolutionary approach using an open systems framework emphasises the need for constant interaction by the physiotherapy profession with the external environment. Some of the responses by the physiotherapy profession to the changing events and shifts in the external environment are discussed and some strategic recommendations for the continuing sustainability of the profession are made.
Message from the president of the South African Society of Physiotherapy
Authors: Amosun Dele
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
A role for nurses during echocardiography procedure in ethnically sensitive settings
Authors: Aburawi Elhadi , Mohammad Ekhlass
Published: June 2019

Echocardiography is the main procedure for diagnosis in both acquired and congenital heart diseases (CHD). In pediatric cardiology, the surgeons accept more than 80% of children with CHD for surgery just based on echocardiography investigation. The role of nurses before, during, and after the procedure is well known since 1982. Their role is becoming more and more challenging with the development of technology and easier manipulation during echocardiography procedure. In this practice point, we are highlighting a new role for female cardiac nurses in the outpatient clinical setting. This new nurse's role is to handle the probe during the echocardiography procedure for the adolescent girls by a female nurse.
Micah
Authors: Gignilliat Mark S.
Published: June 2019

Mark Gignilliat provides a theological commentary on the book of Micah. He begins by reflecting upon the nature of theological commentary in relation to biblical interpretation in two programmatic chapters, before situating Micah within current discussions on the book of the Twelve, focusing specifically on Micah‘s relation with Jonah and Nahum. The next seven chapters are devoted to the interpretation and exegesis of the book of Micah. The commentary addresses literary issues involving the structure, grammar, and textual variants of a given passage, followed by broader theological reflections presented in smaller font. In keeping with the goals of the International Theological Commentary, Gignilliat provides theological commentary on Scripture while retaining the focus upon philological, historical-critical, and textual issues. Gignilliat engages widely with theological discourse and biblical commentary, including the work of Brevard Childs, von Rad and Walter Moberly.
Rise Up!
Authors: Jones Chris
Published: June 2019

Penned by one of America’s best-known daily theatre critics and organized chronologically, this lively and readable book tells the story of Broadway’s renaissance from the darkest days of the AIDS crisis, via the disaster that was Spiderman: Turn off the Dark through the unparalleled financial, artistic and political success of Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton. It is the story of the embrace of risk and substance. In so doing, Chris Jones makes the point that the theatre thrived by finally figuring out how to embrace the bold statement and insert itself into the national conversation - only to find out in 2016 that a hefty sector of the American public had not been listening to what it had to say.

Chris Jones was in the theatres when and where it mattered. He takes readers from the moment when Tony Kushner’s angel crashed (quite literally) through the ceiling of prejudice and religious intolerance to the triumph of Hamilton, with the coda of the Broadway cast addressing a new Republican vice-president from the stage. That complex performance - at once indicative of the theatre’s new clout and its inability to fully change American society for the better - is the final scene of the book.
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2013
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Published: June 2019

The IMF's 2013 Annual Report chronicles the response of the Fund's Executive Board and staff to the global financial crisis and other events during financial year 2013, which covers the period from May 1, 2012, through April 30, 2013. The print version of the Report is available in eight languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish), along with a CD-ROM (available in English only) that includes the Report text and ancillary materials, including the Fund's Financial Statements for FY2013
Republic of Armenia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: June 2019

Selected Issues
Maldives
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: June 2019

Growth has been strong and is projected to remain so in 2019 driven by tourism, commerce, and construction. Nonetheless, the Maldives remains highly vulnerable with reduced policy space due to large and growing public debt and rising pressures on external stability. The imbalances call for urgent action for maintaining stability. Going forward, the new administration’s main challenge is to manage fiscal and external imbalances given weak buffers and tightening global financial conditions, while large projects are ongoing.
Floreren als ultiem einddoel van opvoeding en onderwijs
Authors: Wolbert Lynne
Published: June 2019

Human flourishing as an overarching aim of education: a fragile endeavor

Human flourishing can be characterized as living a successful, happy and morally good life. Several philosophers of education have argued that flourishing should be seen as an overarching, ideal aim of education, and that this has or should have several implications for both schools and parents. In this article, which is a summary of my dissertation, I reflect on these theories. Is the fact that these theories tend to place a central emphasis on ideals problematic? And what does aiming for flourishing exactly imply for parents and parenting? I argue that in parenting for flourishing, we deal with a double uncertainty. Parental striving for flourishing is an uncertain endeavor, firstly, because flourishing, being in part dependent on ‘luck’, is inherently fragile; and secondly, because childrearing can be considered to be an ‘existential risk’ that makes parents vulnerable in yet another way. I conclude that in theories on education for flourishing, this double uncertainty has to be taken into account properly, by which I mean that it has to reflect the practices of parenting and the uncertainty of life in general in order to keep in touch with the non-ideal, real world.
Pathogenic Capacity of Botrytis cinerea on Leaves of Pyrus mamorensis, an Endemic Tree of Mamora Forest in Morocco
Authors: Sellal Zineb , Dahmani Jamila , Benkirane Rachid , Ouazzani Touhami Amina , Douira Allal
Published: June 2019

A survey in the Mamora forest was done in the spring of 2010 and revealed that 67% of buds and 27% of leaves of Pyrus mamorensis (Trabut) samples collected had lesions with a gray felting. The pathogenic fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea by the filter – paper technic. Koch´s postulate was verified by inoculating healthy leaves. The estimated disease severity on P. mamorensis leaves was respectively 75.56% and 68.81% for inoculation by conidial suspension and the mycelial disks. Conidia production of Botrytis cinerea on inoculated leaves by conidial suspension was 1.03.105 conidia.cm-2 and by mycelial disks was 0.60.105 conidia.cm-2. This was the first report of gray mold disease of Mamora pear caused by Botrytis cinerea in Morocco.