bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Variables as Additional Staging Parameters in Patients with Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. A Systematic Review
Authors: Watine Joseph
Published: February 2005

We have reviewed the biomedical literature published over the last 25 years in order to try to establish which of four frequently evaluated laboratory parameters (i.e. serum, or plasma, NSE, LDH, sodium or albumin) might, alone or in combination, give the "best" pretreatment prognostic information in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, independent of the usual radiological and clinical parameters. From the 45 studies included in this review, the only clear conclusion that can be derived is that it has not yet been clearly demonstrated that the "new" tests (NSE or other tumor markers) are superior to the "old" tests (LDH, sodium, albumin etc.). From the only seven studies that used the same powerful statistical methodologies (Cox's models in association with recursive partitioning and amalgamation proceduce (RECPAM) analysis) it could be concluded that LDH and albumin might have independent prognostic significance in SCLC and in advanced SCLC respectively. Provided that, in the future, both laboratory and statistical expertises are clearly guaranteed in the primary studies in this field, it might become possible to propose laboratory parameters as additional staging parameters in SCLC.
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Standardization Project for the Measurement of Lipoprotein(a). Phase 2: Selection and Properties of a Proposed Secondary Reference Material for Lipoprotein(a).
Authors: Tate Jillian R. , Berg Kåre , Couderc Rémy , Dati Francesco , Kostner Gert M. , Marcovina Santica M. , Rifai Nader , Sakurabayashi Ikunosuke , Steinmetz Armin
Published: February 2005

The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for the Standardization of Lipoprotein(a) Assays has initiated a project to select a secondary reference material for lipoprotein( a) that can standardize the measurement of this lipoprotein. Most of the analytical problems with lipoprotein( a) assays are due to apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4 type 2 reactive antibodies and values being expressed in mg/l mass units rather than as nmol/l of apolipoprotein( a) particles. In Phase 2, four manufactured materials were compared for analytical performance, commutability properties and method harmonization in 27 lipoprotein(a) test systems. Results of precision and linearity testing were comparable for all materials whereas testing for the harmonization effect resulted in an among-assay coefficient of variation for corrected lipoprotein(a) values of between 11% and 22%. The material that gave maximum harmonization achieved a variation of < 8% for 18 immunonephelometric and immunoturbidimetric assay systems. It can be hypothesized that this residual variation in part takes into account the inaccuracy of lipoprotein(a) measurement due to apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism. On the basis of acceptable analytical performance, maximal harmonization effect and documented stability, a lyophilized material has been selected as the common calibrator for lipoprotein(a) to be used in a value transfer procedure by diagnostic companies.
Concentrations of Plasma Methylmalonic Acid in 80-Year-Olds Show Only Weak Relation to Psychological Performance
Authors: Hultberg Björn , Jensen Elmo , Dehlin Ove , Hagberg Bo , Samuelsson Gillis , Svensson Torbjörn
Published: February 2005

Most studies of the relation between psychological performance in the elderly and deficiencies of cobalamin and folate have used methods that determine the blood concentrations of these vitamins, which might not reflect the vitamin status in the tissues. Recently, two new markers, plasma homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, have attracted growing interest since they are considered to reflect the status of cobalamins and folates in the tissues. In a previous study, we noted a strong association between five parameters of well-being and lower concentrations of plasma homocysteine. In the present study, we have extended these observations by determination of plasma methylmalonic acid in the same healthy elderly population. In the present study, 18 out of 100 subjects had increased plasma methylmalonic acid and in 7 of these subjects, the concentrations of serum cobalamin, blood folate, plasma homocysteine and serum creatinine were within normal limits. The relation between plasma methylmalonic acid concentrations and concentrations of serum cobalamin and blood folates and five parameters of well-being were investigated. Concentrations of plasma methylmalonic acid were only weakly associated with the concentrations of serum cobalamin and lower scores on the logical reasoning test. The present study clearly shows that the levels of plasma methylmalonic acid show a much lesser association with the parameters of well-being than did plasma homocysteine.
The Risk Groups for Coronary Heart Disease in Koreans. Assessment by Distribution of Serum Lipid Concentrations
Authors: Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki , Park Hyosoon , Song Junghan , Kim Jin Q , Min Young Il , Kim Sung-Ryul , Lee Seon-Ho
Published: February 2005

Coronary heart disease is the most severe form of disease caused by atherosclerosis; and there is a strong relationship between serum lipid concentrations and atherosclerosis. By decade of life, means, standard deviations and selected percentiles were calculated according to sex for serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride in 69,563 Koreans. The prevalence of dyslipoproteinemias which were related to high risk of coronary heart disease were assessed. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C in the Korean population were 5.02 mmol/l and 3.00 mmol/l. The 75th and 90th percentile concentrations of total cholesterol were 5.59 mmol/l and 6.24 mmol/l. The mean concentrations of serum triglyceride and HDL-C were 1.58 mmol/l and 1.30 mmol/l. The hyperlipoproteinemia type IV (4.8%) was the most frequent, followed by Type IIa (4.6%), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (3.3%), and type IIb (0.2%). According to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II, 4.1% of Korean adults needed the initial drug therapy and 10.8% the initial dietary therapy for hypercholesterolemia. The age and sex-specific treatment guidelines for hypercholesterolemia would make it possible that early intervention could be applied to atherosclerosis in Korean adults.
Efficiency of Some In Vitro Allergy Tests for Evaluating Atopy in Children and Adults
Authors: Yılmaz Necat , Bayraktaroǧlu Ziya , Özaslan Jale
Published: February 2005

In recent years, an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases has been reported, in industrialised countries. It is also a problem in non-industrialised countries, but its extent is less well documented. In this study, inhalant screening allergens (AlaTOP®), food screening allergens (FP5E®), and total and specific IgE were measured in 237 allergic patients (164 adults and 73 children) in order to examine the distribution of common allergens, the percentage of atopy/non-atopy among allergic children and adults in a developing country, Turkey, which has different environments and societies from western countries. We also evaluated the efficiency of automatic allergy screening tests in both groups. The sensitivity and specificity of AlaTOP® in adults were 83% and 86%, respectively; these were 70% and 84%, respectively for FP5E®, and the sensitivity and specificity of AlaTOP® in children were 79% and 82%, while sensitivity and specificity of FP5E® were 72% and 85%, respectively.

The percentages of atopic male children (31%) were higher than in adults (21%). The reverse is true in adults. The most frequent allergens in childhood were Lolium perenne and cow milk, while in adults it was Lolium perenne. Total IgE levels were found to be statistically different between atopic and non-atopic subjects in adults (p < 0.001). This relationship was not found in children (p > 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of total IgE in children were 57% and 67%, and in adults 84% and 67%, respectively. The lower specificity and sensitivity of total IgE level in children than in adults suggests that it is less useful for the diagnosis of allergy.
Statistical Techniques for Evaluating the Diagnostic Utility of Laboratory Tests
Authors: Kazmierczak Steven C.
Published: February 2005

Clinical laboratory data is used to help classify patients into diagnostic disease categories so that appropriate therapy may be implemented and prognosis estimated. Unfortunately, the process of correctly classifying patients with respect to disease status is often difficult. Patients may have several concurrent disease processes and the clinical signs and symptoms of many diseases lack specificity. In addition, results of laboratory tests and other diagnostic procedures from healthy and diseased individuals often overlap. Finally, advances in computer technology and laboratory automation have resulted in an extraordinary increase in the amount of information produced by the clinical laboratory; information which must be correctly evaluated and acted upon so that appropriate treatment and additional testing, if necessary, can be implemented.

Clinical informatics refers to a broad array of statistical methods used for the evaluation and management of diagnostic information necessary for appropriate patient care. Within the realm of clinical chemistry, clinical informatics may be used to indicate the acquisition, evaluation, representation and interpretation of clinical chemistry data. This review discusses some of the techniques that should be used for the evaluation of the diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data. The major topics to be covered include probalistic approaches to data evaluation, and information theory. The latter topic will be discussed in some detail because it introduces important concepts useful in providing for cost-effective, quality patient care. In addition, an example illustrating how the informational value of diagnostic tests can be determined is shown.
Infrared Analysis of Urinary Stones: a Trial of Automated Identification
Authors: Estepa Laurence Maurice , Levillain Pierre , Lacour Bernard , Daudon Michel
Published: February 2005

A Search algorithm included in the Opus software of Bruker (Germany) was evaluated for analysis of urinary stones. Three reference libraries containing respectively 85 (single components), 1,059 (binary mixtures) and 4,565 (ternary mixture) digitized spectra were created and used to identify unknown spectra (n=320), applying the automatic procedure. Identification of the major component was correct in 83% of cases but the percentage of identification significantly decreased for the second and the third components. In cases of identification of the two first components, quantitative assessment was correct within tolerance limits ± 15%.

The computer results are judged unsatisfactory with regard to pathology because computer-aided identification is not sufficiently sensitive and specific to differentiate species with similar spectral pattern, even for the identification of main component, and also to detect minor components. It can be of assistance to guide spectral analysis, but it cannot replace human identification.
Evaluation of a Direct α-Amylase Assay Using 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotrioside
Authors: Lorentz Klaus , Gütschow Barbara , Renner Florian
Published: February 2005

We present the adaptation of an IFCC method for α-amylase using 2-chloro-4-nitro-phenyl-α-D-maltotrioside as substrate (1) suited for routine work at 37℃. In the assay, a constant proportion of substrate, i. e. 92%, is directly converted to 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and maltotriose. The method is based on multi- and univariate optimization leading to following measurement conditions: substrate, 2.25 mmol/l; chloride, 310 mmol/l; calcium 5.0 mmol/l; 4-morpholinoethanesulphonic acid, 50 mmol/l; pH 6.28. The assay may be carried out manually or by mechanized procedures, with substrate or sample start, and it shows these analytical properties in measuring amylase activity of sera: no lag phase, detection limit 2.9 U/l, linear range ≤820 U/l (for 300 s) or ≤1450 U/l (for 120 s of measurement), and total manual imprecision 3.2% (CV) at 46 U/l. Bilirubin ≤630 μmol/l, haemoglobin ≤6 g/l, triacylglycerols ≤30 mmol/l, heparin ≤100 kU/l, and glucose ≤120 mmol/l do not interfere. For adults, we established a preliminary 0.95-reference interval of 30–90 U/l not dependent on sex or age. A close association with the IFCC method demonstrates the reliable transfer of its measurement conditions to a robust routine method with minimal changes.
Organisationsstrukturen zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit medizinischer Laboratorien in Krankenhäusern. Organizational structures improving the economic efficiency of medical hospital laboratories
Authors: Henker (federführend) Otto , Appel Siegfried , Hänseler Edgar , Köller Ursula , Neumeier Dieter , Stein Wolfgang , Tiran Andreas , Vogt Wolfgang
Published: February 2005

Abstract The common trend to form larger organisations has nowadays also reached the health system and the diagnostic laboratories. This development is dominated by economic motivations, notably by the wish to reduce costs. This tendency bears risks, specifically for the quality of medical services. Too much centralisation, which is frequently accompanied by all-inclusive prices and downgrading, puts quality at risk.

Quality management does not necessarily increase costs but can also help to reduce costs. For example changes in the organisation, cooperation and management of laboratories may help to reduce costs but yet maintain or even improve quality. The achievement of this goal needs great efforts for defining visions and strategies and developing concepts. Expertise from economic and organisational sciences rather than mere medical knowledge are necessary to reach these objectives. Know-how on methods and problem solution must be gained or obtained from external sources. All involved individuals must be willing to change and to overcome antagonistic attitudes.

Legal measures including the Health Care Modernisation Act (Gesundheitssystem-Modernisierungsgesetz =GMG) are aimed to reach integrated medical care, for example in out-patient and in-patient settings. It is important that the involved parties cooperate to overcome the disadvantages and to combine the advantages of the present situation. Thereby the health system will develop innovative solutions, which are efficient and cost-saving but also guarantee the maintenance or even improvement of current quality standards.
Molecular detection of hepatitis B virus: recent developments. Molekularer Nachweis des Hepatitis B-Virus: Aktueller Entwicklungsstand
Authors: Weber Bernard , Berger Annemarie
Published: February 2005

Abstract Highly sensitive qualitative and quantitative automated nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) that are commercially available for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been developed only in the last few years. The potential indications for HBV NATs are: follow-up of chronic hepatitis B, therapy and antiviral resistance monitoring, determination of infectivity and transmission risk, detection of occult (HBsAg-negative and HBV DNA-positive) infection and mutant virus which may escape serologic diagnosis, blood donor screening, and resolution of unusual or discordant serologic constellations. Although NATs are now widely implemented in the routine diagnosis of clinical laboratories, there are several important issues which need to be further investigated. Standardisation of NATs used for the monitoring of antiviral therapy and follow-up of chronic infection is still lacking, and the clinical significance of HBV DNA levels needs to be clarified. The influence of genetic variability in terms of genotype variation has been poorly investigated so far. Although there are highly sensitive automated NATs for blood donor screening available, their implementation is still subject to discussion and certain countries rejected HBV DNA testing for blood donation for reasons of poor cost-effectiveness.
Bayesian Estimation of Recent Migration Rates After a Spatial Expansion
Authors: Hamilton Grant , Currat Mathias , Ray Nicolas , Heckel Gerald , Beaumont Mark , Excoffier Laurent
Published: February 2005

Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a highly flexible technique that allows the estimation of parameters under demographic models that are too complex to be handled by full-likelihood methods. We assess the utility of this method to estimate the parameters of range expansion in a two-dimensional stepping-stone model, using samples from either a single deme or multiple demes. A minor modification to the ABC procedure is introduced, which leads to an improvement in the accuracy of estimation. The method is then used to estimate the expansion time and migration rates for five natural common vole populations in Switzerland typed for a sex-linked marker and a nuclear marker. Estimates based on both markers suggest that expansion occurred <10,000 years ago, after the most recent glaciation, and that migration rates are strongly male biased.
Gene Expression Analysis of the Function of the Male-Specific Lethal Complex in Drosophila
Authors: Pal Bhadra Manika , Bhadra Utpal , Kundu Joydeep , Birchler James A
Published: February 2005

Dosage compensation refers to the equal expression of X-linked genes despite the difference in copy number between the two sexes. The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is concentrated on the X chromosome in males. A gene expression assay for embryos was developed to examine the function of this complex. In mutant male embryos without either the MSL complex or MOF histone acetylase, dosage compensation is retained but autosomal expression is increased. Dosage compensation is lost in the double-mutant embryos. In embryos in which the MSL complex and MOF are targeted to the X chromosomes in females, the results are consistent with previous surveys showing that in general the X expression remains unchanged, but autosomal expression is reduced. Mutations in the ISWI chromatin-remodeling component cause increases specifically of X-linked genes in males. Thus, the function of the MSL complex in conjunction with ISWI is postulated to override the effect on gene expression of high histone acetylation on the male X. The basic determinant of dosage compensation is suggested to be an inverse dosage effect produced by an imbalance of transcription factors on the X vs. the autosomes. The sequestration of the MSL complex to the male X may have evolved to counteract a similar effect on the autosomes and to prevent an overexpression of the X chromosome in males that would otherwise occur due to the high levels of histone acetylation.
Identification and Characterization of Regions of the Rice Genome Associated With Broad-Spectrum, Quantitative Disease Resistance
Authors: Wisser Randall J , Sun Qi , Hulbert Scot H , Kresovich Stephen , Nelson Rebecca J
Published: February 2005

Much research has been devoted to understanding the biology of plant-pathogen interactions. The extensive genetic analysis of disease resistance in rice, coupled with the sequenced genome and genomic resources, provides the opportunity to seek convergent evidence implicating specific chromosomal segments and genes in the control of resistance. Published data on quantitative and qualitative disease resistance in rice were synthesized to evaluate the distributions of and associations among resistance loci. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to multiple diseases and qualitative resistance loci (R genes) were clustered in the rice genome. R genes and their analogs of the nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat class and genes identified on the basis of differential representation in disease-related EST libraries were significantly associated with QTL. Chromosomal segments associated with broad-spectrum quantitative disease resistance (BS-QDR) were identified. These segments contained numerous positional candidate genes identified on the basis of a range of criteria, and groups of genes belonging to two defense-associated biochemical pathways were found to underlie one BS-QDR region. Genetic dissection of disease QTL confidence intervals is needed to reduce the number of positional candidate genes for further functional analysis. This study provides a framework for future investigations of disease resistance in rice and related crop species.
Mutation Rate Variation at Human Dinucleotide Microsatellites
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Chakraborty Ranajit , Fu Yun-Xin
Published: February 2005

Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, and mutation rate is thus an important parameter governing the extent of genetic variation. Microsatellites are highly informative genetic markers that have been widely used in genetic studies. While previous studies showed that the mutation rate differs in di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats, how mutation rate distributes within each class of repeat is poorly understood. This study first revealed the pattern of the mutation rate variation within the dinucleotide repeats. Two data sets were used. The first is the allele frequency data from 115 microsatellites with dinucleotide repeats distributed along the human genome in 10 worldwide populations. The second data set is much larger, consisting of the allele frequency of 5252 dinucleotide repeats from the Genome Database. Mutation rate for each locus is estimated through a new homozygosity-based estimator, which has been shown to be unbiased and highly efficient and is reasonably robust against deviations from the single-step model. The mutation rates among loci can be approximated well by a gamma distribution and its shape parameter can be accurately estimated with this approach. This result provides the basic guidelines for analyzing the large-scale genomic data from microsatellite loci.
A 6‐Month Comparative Clinical Study of a Conventional and a New Surgical Approach for Root Coverage With Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Barros Raquel R.M. , Novaes Arthur B. , Grisi Márcio F.M. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela B.
Published: February 2005

Background: The acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) has become widely used in periodontal surgeries as a substitute for the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). These grafts exhibit different healing processes due to their distinct cellular and vascular structures. Therefore the surgical technique primarily developed for the autograft may not be adequate for the allograft. This study compared the clinical results of two surgical techniques–the “conventional” and a modified procedure–for the treatment of localized gingival recessions with the ADMG.

Methods: A total of 32 bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were selected and randomly assigned to test and control groups. The control group received the SCTG and the test group the modified surgical technique. Probing depth (PD), relative clinical attachment level (RCAL), gingival recession (GR), and width of keratinized tissue (KT) were measured 2 weeks prior to surgery and 6 months post‐surgery.

Results: Both procedures improved all the evaluated parameters after 6 months. Comparisons between the groups by Mann‐Whitney rank sum test revealed no statistically significant differences in terms of CAL gain, PD reduction, and increase in KT from baseline to 6‐month evaluation. However, there was a statistically significant greater reduction of GR favoring the modified technique (P = 0.002). The percentage of root coverage was 79% for the test group and 63.9% for the control group.

Conclusion: We conclude that the modified technique is more suitable for root coverage procedures with the ADMG since it had statistically significant better clinical results compared to the traditional technique. J Periodontol 2004;75:1350‐1356.
Enamel Matrix Derivative and Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of Dehiscence‐Type Defects: A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Sallum Enilson A. , Pimentel Suzana P. , Saldanha Juliana B. , Nogueira‐Filho Getúlio R. , Casati Marcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Antonio Wilson
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this investigation was to histologically and histometrically evaluate the healing process of dehiscencetype defects treated by enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and/or guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

Methods: Seven mongrel dogs were used. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the mesial roots of the mandibular third and fourth premolars. The defects were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After this period, the defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: open flap debridement (OFD), enamel matrix derivative (EMD), GTR with bioabsorbable membrane (GTR), and the combination of both procedures (EMD + GTR). After 4 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included gingival recession, epithelial length, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, and new bone.

Results: A superior length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated by EMD (3.7 mm) and EMD + GTR (3.8 mm) in comparison with OFD (2.4 mm) (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the remaining histometric parameters.

Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that EMD alone or in combination with GTR barriers may effectively promote new cementum formation. The combination of both therapies may not provide additional benefits. J Periodontol 2004;75: 1357‐1363.
The Relationship Between Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection and Local and Systemic Factors in Children
Authors: Bimstein Enrique , Sapir Shabetai , Houri‐Haddad Yael , Dibart Serge , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Shapira Lior
Published: February 2005

Background:Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major pathogen related to periodontitis. There are few reports on the prevalence and effect of P. gingivalis in children. The purpose of the present study was to describe in children the level of DNA‐P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque and the IgG serum reactivity to P. gingivalis (IgG‐Pg), and examine their relationship to demographic, systemic, and oral variables.

Methods: Thirty‐four children, aged 1.83 to 13.42 years, were included in the study; 16 with no systemic disease and 18 with systemic conditions. The demographic data for caries incidence, plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and alveolar bone height were recorded. The IgG‐Pg and DNA‐Pg levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and DNA‐DNA hybridization, respectively. The relationships between the IgG‐Pg and DNA‐Pg values to the demographics, oral parameters, and systemic conditions were examined.

Results: IgG‐Pg was evident in 53% of the children and DNAPg in 47%. IgG‐Pg values significantly correlated positively with age, plaque index, and bone height. DNA‐Pg values had statistically significant positive correlations with age. IgG‐Pg and DNAPg values correlated with probing depth among children with systemic diseases. Neither the IgG‐Pg nor the DNA‐Pg values had a significant correlation to systemic conditions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only age remained significantly related to IgG‐Pg and DNA‐Pg values.

Conclusions:P. gingivalis can be found in significant levels in the plaque of young children and elicits an immune reaction that increases with age and may be related to incipient signs of periodontal disease. Plaque DNA‐Pg and serum IgG‐Pg levels correlate significantly. J Periodontol 2004;75:1371‐1376.
Localized Gingival Recessions Treated With the Original Envelope Technique: A Report of 50 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Vergara Jaime A. , Caffesse Raul G.
Published: February 2005

Background: The surgical techniques used to treat gingival recession have changed considerably in the last 50 years. The envelope technique described nearly 20 years ago still offers an excellent alternative for the problem of recession. The purpose of this retrospective study is to show the results of 115 recession sites treated in 50 patients using the envelope technique.

Methods: One hundred‐fifteen consecutive procedures were performed in 50 patients in a private practice in the last 5 years using the envelope technique. Briefly, the teeth are scaled, a split thickness flap is performed around the recession, a subepithelial connective tissue graft is harvested from the palate and placed over the recession, and sutured with 6‐0 silk. Four cases representing different types of recession will be reviewed and all cases will be analyzed.

Results: In general, this surgical method provided excellent root coverage and an increased amount of keratinized gingiva. The complete root coverage mean was 85%, 65%, and 16% for recession Class I, II, and IV, respectively.

Conclusion: The cases support the use of the envelope technique to treat different types of single and multiple recessions. J Periodontol 2004;75:1397‐1403.
Submental Cutaneous Sinus Tract as a Result of Progressive Peri‐Implantitis: A Case Report
Authors: Nkenke Emeka , Amann Kerstin , Reich Sven , Neukam Friedrich W. , Frankenberger Roland
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present case report was to define diagnosis and treatment options of a submental cutaneous sinus tract as a result of a progressive periimplantitis around mandibular dental implants in a patient with a history of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Before the removal of the submental fistula, a panoramic radiograph and a computed tomography of the head and neck were assessed to identify the implants responsible for the cutaneous sinus tract and to exclude the presence of a tumor recurrence and lymph node metastases. The involved implants were removed, as there was a communication along them between the oral cavity and the cutaneous sinus tract resulting from progressive peri‐implantitis. A histological examination of the excised fistula was carried out.

Results: The histological examination excluded a recurrence of the oral squamous cell carcinoma. The fistula completely consisted of granulation tissue without epithelialization. After affected implants were removed, the wound healing was uneventful.

Conclusions: A panoramic radiograph is mandatory to identify the involved implants. Computed tomography, and excision of the fistula and a histological examination should be performed only in patients with a history of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Since the cutaneous sinus tract showed no epithelialization, it healed spontaneously after the removal of the responsible implants. Because of the large bony defect caused by progressive peri‐implantitis leading to a communication of the oral cavity with the cutaneous sinus tract, more conservative treatment options with preservation of the implants could not be adopted in the present case. J Periodontol 2004;75:1417‐1423.
Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Collagen Guided Tissue Regeneration‐Based Root Coverage Procedure
Authors: Trabulsi Manal , Oh Tae‐Ju , Eber Robert , Weber Daniel , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: February 2005

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to promote periodontal wound healing and/or regeneration when applied to tooth root surfaces in soft tissue dehiscence models. In addition, guided tissue regeneration (GTR)‐based root coverage using collagen membrane (GTRC) has shown promising results. However, limited information is available regarding how EMD may influence GTRC outcome.

Methods: Twenty‐six patients with Miller's Class I or II gingival recession defects of 2.5 mm were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either EMD + collagen (EMDC; test group) or collagen membrane (GTRC; control group). Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), relative clinical attachment levels (RCAL) to the stent, recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), gingival tissue thickness (GTT), and width of keratinized gingiva (KG) were assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. A repeated measure of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between treatment groups and time effect.

Results: Both treatments (GTRC and EMDC) resulted in a statistically significant decrease in RD and RW between baseline and 6 months (P <0.05). However, no difference was noted between treatment groups. The percent of root coverage after 6 months was 75% for GTRC and 63% for EMDC. Complete 100% root coverage was achieved in five patients in the GTRC group, compared to only one patient in the EMDC group. There was a statistically significant gain (P <0.05) in the clinical attachment level (CAL) between baseline and 6 months in both groups, as reflected on the RCAL data. No other significant differences were noted on other clinical parameters (PD, GTT, KG, GI, and PI).

Conclusions: GTR‐based root coverage utilizing collagen membrane, with or without enamel matrix derivative, can be successfully used in obtaining gingival recession coverage. The application of EMD during GTRC procedures did not add additional benefit to the final clinical outcome. J Periodontol 2004;75:1446‐1457.
Aggressive Periodontitis With Supernumerary Teeth: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Açikgöz Gökhan , Açikgöz Aydan , Keskiner İlker , Türk Tamer , Otan Feyza
Published: February 2005

Background: There are four key studies in the periodontology literature reporting the correlation between supernumerary teeth and aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect such a relationship.

Methods: Patients with supernumerary teeth were identified retrospectively from their orthopantomographs and were invited to the periodontology department for intraoral examination. They were then evaluated for aggressive periodontitis. The number of existing teeth, age, family histories, attachment loss, probing depths, and bleeding on probing scores were recorded.

Results: Of the 5,850 subjects randomly observed among 48,000 patients, only 174 exhibited supernumerary teeth. Of these 174 subjects, only three patients were diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. One of the patients was also suffering from Fanconi's anemia.

Conclusions: Despite the similarities (aggressive periodontitis accompanied by supernumerary teeth) in the previous reports, we do not agree with the earlier results. We rather suggest that this association might be a random occurrence, rather than a biological one, although this observation should be further investigated using genetic testing. J Periodontol 2004;75:1458‐1460.
Effect of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline as an Effective Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Lee Ji‐Young , Lee Yong‐Moo , Shin Seung‐Yun , Seol Yang‐Jo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Chung Chong‐Pyoung , Han Soo‐Boo
Published: February 2005

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline (SDD) in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP).

Methods: The study was a 9‐month, double masked, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial. A total of 41 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis who received SRP were randomly allocated to receive either a doxycycline hyclate or a placebo 2 weeks after SRP. Clinical attachment level (CAL), the probing depth (PD), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and ‐13 levels were measured throughout the study. The effect of SDD in conjunction with SRP on the dynamics of the periodontal microflora was also assessed using dark‐field microscopic and culture analysis. Information on adverse events was collected throughout the study.

Results: During the treatment period, per‐patient reductions in PD and CAL were demonstrated for both treatment groups, with a significantly greater reduction for the SDD group. The mean value of per‐patient change in the GCF was much greater for the SDD group. Microbial analysis showed there were a general tendency for cocci, non‐motile rods, and aerobes to increase with increasing treatment duration and a general decreasing tendency for spirochetes, motile rods, and anaerobes and black pigmented bacteria in both treatment groups, but no significant difference between the groups. The MMP‐8 and ‐13 levels of the SDD group gradually reduced with time, and the mean perpatient average was significantly higher than in the placebo group. The adverse events in the SDD group were similar to those in the placebo group.

Conclusion: This study suggests that a submicrobial dose of doxycycline as an adjunct therapy with SRP might be safe and effective in the long‐term management of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004;75:1500‐1508.
Enhancement of Bone Formation by Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 During Alveolar Distraction: An Experimental Study in Sheep
Authors: Rachmiel Adi , Aizenbud Dror , Peled Micha
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to perform alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis (DO) and to enhance bone regeneration through the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2), followed by implant placement.

Methods: Alveolar segmental osteotomy was performed in the mandible of 10 sheep followed by placement of 1.5 mm alveolar distraction devices. The study group was injected on the fifth day of distraction with a single dose of 10 µg rhBMP‐2. Only distraction was performed in the control group.

Results: A mean alveolar augmentation of 12 mm was achieved. After 12 weeks of consolidation, the distraction devices were removed and biopsies were taken for histological and immunohistochemical characterization and morphometry of the newly formed bone. Titanium threaded cylindrical implants were then placed in the newly augmented bone. Radiological evaluation showed lifting of the transport segment and integration of the implants within both the transport segment and the regenerated bone. The histological study demonstrated that the association of DO and BMP resulted in increased trabecular bone size and volume (32.2% ± 0.95% versus 18.6% ± 0.71%; P <1 × 10–17 after 24 days of lengthening and 63.8% ± 1.89% versus 42.5% ± 1.33%; P <1 × 10–15 after 12 weeks of consolidation) and increased numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen stained cells (0.7 ± 0.04 versus 0.47 ± 0.04; P <1 × 10–10) compared with the DO only group.

Conclusions: Alveolar distraction augments atrophic alveolar ridge and creates new bone that permits implant placement. rhBMP‐2 enhances bone quality and may shorten the consolidation period of distraction allowing for earlier implant placement.J Periodontol 2004;75:1524‐1531.
Gene Expression Profiles of Periodontal Ligament Cells Treated With Enamel Matrix Proteins In Vitro: Analysis Using cDNA Arrays
Authors: Parkar Mohamed H. , Tonetti Maurizio
Published: February 2005

Background: A number of procedures have been used to achieve periodontal regeneration. Recently, enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been the subject of significant basic and clinical investigations. The precise molecular events involved in EMD modulation of periodontal wound healing are not completely understood; however, cDNA microarray technology may enable rapid and accurate examination of EMD‐mediated changes in gene expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro. The present study was undertaken to explore the selective effects of EMD on the activities of 268 cytokine, growth factor, and receptor genes in PDL.

Methods: PDL cells were cultured in the absence and presence of EMD at a concentration of 100 µg/ml for 4 days. RNA was extracted and used to generate labeled cDNA probes. These were hybridized to cDNA arrays comprising 268 genes and exposed to x‐ray films. Autoradiographs were digitized and analyzed.

Results: Forty‐six percent (125 of 268) of the tested genes were found to be expressed by the PDL cells. Of these 125 genes, 38 were differentially expressed by PDL cells which had been cultured in the presence of EMD. Among the 38, 12 were found to be downregulated, notably mostly inflammatory genes, whereas 26 genes demonstrated upregulation, many of these coding for growth factors and growth factor receptors.

Conclusions: The present study has shown that EMD downregulates the expression of genes involved in the early inflammatory phases of wound healing while simultaneously upregulating genes encoding growth and repair‐promoting molecules. This may partly explain the apparent efficacy of EMD application in periodontal regeneration. J Periodontol 2004;75:1539‐1546.
Use of Anti‐Inflammatory Medications in Managing Atypical Gingivitis Associated With Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Khocht Ahmed , Calem Ben , Deasy Michael
Published: February 2005

Background: Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of collagen disorders primarily affecting the skin and joints. This case report describes the periodontal management of a case of hypermobile EDS (type III) associated with atypical gingivitis.

Methods: A 17‐year‐old Caucasian female with a history of EDS type III presented with erythematous mucogingival lesions. An incisional biopsy was taken. The treatment objective was to control the mucogingival inflammatory lesions. Plaque control measures were followed with anti‐inflammatory medications. Prednisone was administered systemically for 3 weeks (first week: 30 mg/day, second week: 15 mg/day, and third week: 5 mg/day), and was followed with topical applications of clobetasol (0.05%) twice daily for 2 weeks. Persistent marginal gingival inflammation was managed with a 3‐month course of doxycycline (20 mg) twice/day. The patient was placed on a 3‐month maintenance program and monitored for over a year.

Results: Histopathology showed multiple granulomas enclosing fragments of crystalline foreign material. Steriodal anti‐inflammatory medications partially reduced the size and intensity of the mucogingival lesions. Doxycycline controlled the residual marginal inflammation. A 3‐month maintenance interval helped in maintaining the results obtained.

Conclusions: The collagen disorder may have facilitated the introduction and lodging of foreign material within the gingival tissues, initiating a foreign body reaction. Poor healing associated with EDS excluded surgical excision and necessitated the use of anti‐inflammatory medications. A combined approach of plaque control measures along with anti‐inflammatory medications was helpful in controlling the mucogingival inflammatory lesions associated with this condition. J Periodontol 2004;75:1547‐1552.
Cover Picture: Periodical Micro‐Structuring of Hydride Containing Metastable Aluminumoxide using Laser Interference Metallurgy (Adv. Eng. Mater. 1‐2/2005)
Authors: Veith M. , Andres K. , Petersen C. , Daniel C. , Holzapfel C. , Mücklich F.
Published: February 2005

The cover shows a light microscopic image of a patterned HAlO film with Al‐Al2O3 lines (dark regions). The micro‐patterning is obtained by laser interference metallurgy, and more about periodical microstructuring using laser interference metallurgy can be found in the article by Veith, Mücklich et al. on page 27.
Self‐Cleaning Fabrics for Decontamination of Organophosphorous Pesticides and Related Chemical Agents (Adv. Mater. 2004, 23‐24, 2112)
Authors: Singh A. , Lee Y. , Dressick W. J.
Published: February 2005

To view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400660.
Association between BDNF val66 met genotype and episodic memory
Authors: Dempster Emma , Toulopoulou Timothea , McDonald Colm , Bramon Elvira , Walshe Muriel , Filbey Francesca , Wickham Harvey , Sham Pak C. , Murray Robin M. , Collier David A.
Published: February 2005

The val66 met polymorphism of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with variability in episodic memory [Egan et al., 2003]. In an attempt to replicate this finding, we genotyped 206 individuals (92 affected with schizophrenia or a related disorder and 114 unaffected relatives) from the Maudsley Family Study for the BDNF val66 met polymorphism. We analyzed the effect of this polymorphism on episodic memory using the Wechsler Memory Scale, revised version (WMS‐R) by regression analysis between the WMS delayed score of logical memory and genotype (corrected for age, sex, and IQ). We found the met66 allele conferred a lower score on the WMS delayed measure (R2 = 0.014 P = 0.09), which was not significant. When cases and unaffected relatives were analyzed separately, met66 was associated with a lower score on the WMS delayed measure in the relatives only (R2 = 0.077 P = 0.01), which is consistent with previous findings. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotrophic high cell‐density fed‐batch cultures of the phycocyanin‐producing red alga Galdieria sulphuraria
Authors: Schmidt Rikke Ankerstjerne , Wiebe Marilyn G. , Eriksen Niels Thomas
Published: February 2005

Growth and phycocyanin production in batch and fed‐batch cultures of the microalga Galdieria sulphuraria 074G, which was grown heterotrophically in darkness on glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sugar beet molasses, was investigated. In batch cultures, specific growth rates and yields of biomass dry weight on the pure sugars were 1.08–1.15 day−1 and 0.48–0.50 g g−1, respectively. They were slightly higher when molasses was the carbon source. Cellular phycocyanin contents during the exponential growth phase were 3–4 mg g−1 in dry weight. G. sulphuraria was able to tolerate concentrations of glucose and fructose of up to 166 g L−1 (0.9 M) and an ammonium sulfate concentration of 22 g L−1 (0.17 M) without negative effects on the specific growth rate. When the total concentration of dissolved substances in the growth medium exceeded 1–2 M, growth was completely inhibited. In carbon‐limited fed‐batch cultures, biomass dry weight concentrations of 80–120 g L−1 were obtained while phycocyanin accumulated to concentrations between 250 and 400 mg L−1. These results demonstrate that G. sulphuraria is well suited for growth in heterotrophic cultures at very high cell densities, and that such cultures produce significant amounts of phycocyanin. Furthermore, the productivity of phycocyanin in the heterotrophic fed‐batch cultures of G. sulphuraria was higher than is attained in outdoor cultures of Spirulina platensis, where phycocyanin is presently obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis of C‐Terminal Allylglycine Residues with an N‐Terminal β‐Vinyl‐Substituted Phosphotyrosyl Mimetic as an Approach to Novel Grb2 SH2 Domain‐Binding Macrocycles
Authors: Oishi Shinya , Shi Zhen‐Dan , Worthy Karen M. , Bindu Lakshman K. , Fisher Robert J. , Burke Terrence R.
Published: February 2005

Ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of peptides often requires insertion of allylglycines at the intended sites of ring juncture, which can result in the displacement of residues that are needed for biological activity. This type of side‐chain deletion can be avoided by appending β‐vinyl substituents onto the parent residues at the intended sites of ring juncture, thereby effectively converting them into functionalized allylglycine equivalents. Such an approach has been previously applied in modified form to growth‐factor receptor bound 2 (Grb2) SH2 domain‐binding peptides by using an N‐terminal β‐vinyl‐functionalized phosphotyrosyl mimetic and C‐terminal 2‐allyl‐3‐aryl‐1‐propanamides that lacked the α‐carboxyl portion of allylglycine residues. These C‐terminal moieties involved lengthy synthesis and once prepared, required an individual total synthesis of each final macrocycle. Work reported herein significantly enhances the versatility of the original approach through the use of C‐terminal allylglycine amides that can be prepared from commercially available L‐ and D‐allylglycines and suitable amines. This methodology could be generally useful where macrocylization is desired with maintenance of functionality at a site of ring juncture.