bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZORUNLU OKUL ÖNCESİ EĞİTİME GEÇİŞ İLE İLGİLİ ANASINIFI VE SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: EKİNCİ Abdurrahman , BOZAN Serdar
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin zorunlu okul öncesi eğitim ile ilgili görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğretmenlerin zorunlu okul öncesi eğitime ne kadar hazır olduğu, zorunlu okul öncesi eğitimin ilkokula başlayacak öğrencilere etkisi, mevcut programın zorunlu okul öncesi eğitim için yeterliliği ile ilgili görüş ve önerileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitliliğe göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 10 anasınıfı öğretmeni ve 10 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; zorunlu okul öncesi eğitiminde bölgesel farklılıkların göz önünde bulundurulması, uygulamaya dönük ve oyunlaştırılmış etkinlikler içermesi, sınıf dışı etkinliklere daha fazla yer verilmesi ve sosyalleşmeyi desteklemesi halinde 1. sınıfa başlayacak öğrencilere alt yapı oluşturarak, dil kazanımı ve gelişimine, öz bakım becerilerinin gelişimine katkısı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
İLKOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİ FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİNDE ÖĞRENDİKLERİ BİLGİLERİ GÜNLÜK YAŞAMLARIYLA NE KADAR İLİŞKİLENDİREBİLİYOR?
Authors: ALKIŞ KÜÇÜKAYDIN Menşure
Published: July 2019

Fen bilimleri eğitiminde, bilgilerin günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirilmesi öğrenci motivasyonu üzerinde etkili olup, derse ait müfredatın öğrenci tarafından içselleştirmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. İlgili literatür günlük yaşama ait olayları açıklamada bilimsel olguları kullanan öğrencilerin, bilimi sevdiğini ve hipotezler kurmakta başarılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ülkemizde de öğrencilerin sahip olduğu fen bilgilerini günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirebilmeleri konusunda birtakım çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Ancak bu çalışmaların genellikle ortaokul ve lise öğrencileri ya da öğretmen adaylarıyla yürütüldüğü görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersi kapsamında öğrendikleri bilgileri günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirebilme durumlarının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada genel tarama modellerinden birisi olan tekil tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak günlük yaşamla ilişkili ve yazılı cevap gerektiren 20 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan bir uygulama sayfası ile öğrencilere ait fen bilimleri ders geçme notları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularına göre tüm sorulara verilen cevaplar ortalamasında hem başarılı olarak nitelendirilen öğrencilerde hem de başarısız olarak nitelendirilen öğrencilerde en fazla yüzdelik oranın yanlış anlama kategorisine ait olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca en düşük anlama oranı ve en yüksek yanlış anlama oranının köyde öğrenim gören öğrencilere ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
INVESTIGATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT ITEM TYPES: PISA 2015 TURKEY SAMPLE
Authors: YILMAZ KOĞAR Esin , KOĞAR Hakan
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to reveal the psychometric properties of the items in the cognitive test of PISA 2015 assessing scientific literacy according to different item types and to examine scientific literacy in relation to different independent variables. In the sample of PISA 2015 Turkey, 175 students from 5895 students were included in the study with the aim of researching. Descriptive statistics and various hypothesis tests were used to obtain the findings of the research. When scientific literacy and item difficulty averages for all three item types were examined, students with a high level of scientific literacy level were more successful at responding to constructed response (CR) items, while students with a low level of scientific literacy were more successful at answering multiple choice (MC) items. Male students were more successful than female students in responding to MC and complex multiple choice (CMC) items, while female students were more successful than male students in answering CR items. It was found that students with a high level of economic, social and cultural status were more successful than those with a low level of economic, social and cultural status.
BİRLEŞTİRİLMİŞ SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN SINIF YÖNETİMİ YETERLİLİKLERİ VE SINIF YÖNETİMİ İLE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: OCAKCI Ebru , SAMANCI Osman
Published: July 2019

Birleştirilmiş
sınıflar, birden fazla sınıfın tek bir öğretmen gözetiminde bir arada eğitim
görmesine dayanan sınıflardır. Birleştirilmiş sınıfların kendine özgü yapısı bu
sınıflarda sınıf yönetimi kavramını da ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın
amacı birleştirilmiş sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi yeterliliklerini ve
sınıf yönetimi ile ilgili görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırma
nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanıldığı karma yöntem ile
yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, birleştirilmiş sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf
yönetimi yeterlilik inançlarının yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Birleştirilmiş sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi yeterliliklerinin cinsiyet
değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılaşma göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.
Birleştirilmiş sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi konusunda görüşleri
incelendiğinde, fiziksel düzeni sağlama ve öğretimsel süreçlerin yönetimi
konusunda gerekli çalışmaları titizlikle yaptıkları görülmüştür. Bunun yanı
sıra öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetiminde zorlandıkları bazı hususların bulunduğu
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
YABANCI DİL OLARAK TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİMİYLE İLGİLİ HABERLERDE SURİYELİ ÖĞRENCİLER: BİR SÖYLEM ANALİZİ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KESKİN Mehmet , YÜKSELİR Ceyhun
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi kapsamında eğitim-öğretim
gören Suriyeli öğrenciler ve Türkçe öğreticisi olarak çalışan öğretmenlerle
ilgili internette yer alan haberlerin söylem analizini yapmaktır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda 2016 ile 2018 yılları arasında farklı internet sitelerinde yer
alan 20 özgün haber T. van Dijk’in sosyo-bilişsel söylem analizi metoduyla
çözümlenmiştir. Analizi yapılan haberlerde söylemin varlığı ve hangi unsurlar
üzerinden inşa edildiği çalışmanın temel konusudur. Haberlerde yer alan
söylemlerin daha çok haber başlığı ve görsel yoluyla üretildiği tespit edilip hâlihazırda
medyada temsil edilen olumsuz Suriyeli algısını pekiştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla
beraber Türkçe öğretimi alanında Suriyeli çocuklara ders verecek öğretmenlerin
de atanamayan öğretmenler söylemi çerçevesinde inşa edildiği görülmektedir. Böylece
dil içi ve dil dışı unsurlarla inşa edilen olumsuz söylemin ötekileştirici ve olumsuz
bir algı yaratmakta olduğu söylenebilir.
MORAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF DIGITALIZATION IN MODERN EDUCATION FOR LAWYERS: A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE
Authors: Artemov V. M.
Published: July 2019

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization in modern education in the context of moral and philosophical positions on the example of a law university and in light of comprehension of the possible future (what is inherited from the past should be human, reasonable and viable). Based on the analysis of digitalization procedure and its consequences, including in the educational field of a law university, the author introduces an approach according to which teachers are called not only to give young people a certain amount of knowledge, but also to build a morally justified, promising paradigm of proper application of knowledge in terms of development and improvement of the person and society, including their individual institutions that are, inter alia, related to business activities.
MINING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES: IN SEARCH OF THE BALANCE
Authors: Ershova I. V. , Trofimova E. V.
Published: July 2019

The article reveals the content and outlines approaches to the definition of the legal nature of mining. Attention is drawn to the necessity of legal regulation of this activity, which is predetermined by the Federal Program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» — a project that provides for normative regulation of the digital environment. In order to support the mission to eliminate digital illiteracy, which is also envisaged in the National Program, the author elucidates the etymology and meaning of the term «mining» and considers various doctrinal interpretations of this concept. The paper presents such analogies of the blochchain technology as the public ledger, DNA, and a layer-cake for a better understanding of the blockchain technology that is associated with mining. Material-technical and organizational foundations of mining are revealed. The author demonstrates advantages and disadvantages of solo mining, pool mining, and cloud mining. The results of comparative monitoring of the attitude to the recognition of cryptocurrency as a means of payment are presented. Attention is drawn to the liberal legal regulation of blockchain technology and mining under the laws of the Republic of Belarus. The paper determines the stages of a law-making process aimed at legal support of mining in Russia. Based on the results of comparison of concepts of entrepreneurial activity and mining, it is concluded that mining represents one of new types of entrepreneurship brought to life due to the needs of digital economy. The author suggests thatmining participants be recognized as self-employed persons. It is noted that the entrepreneurial nature of mining arises questions concerning measures of its state regulation which is difficult within the framework of the existing paradigm, but should be built on the basis of a balance between private and public interests.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN COUNTERING CYBER TERRORISM
Authors: Antonyan E. A. , Aminov I. I.
Published: July 2019

In the paper, modern blockchain technologies are called a revolutionary phenomenon, equal in importance to the ingenious invention of the 20th century — the Internet. Originally developed for Bitcoin digital currency and launching the network of the same name, the blockchain technology created a platform for the new type of the Internet, influenced the decentralization of the Network according to the distributed registry principle, and began to be used in various types and combinations for various purposes, including cybersecurity. The paper argues that the use of blockchain technology to ensure cybersecurity is infinite due to such unique properties as reliability, accessibility, high adaptability, economic efficiency, profitability. The use of blockchain technologies to combat cybercrime, including cyberterrorism, may extend to control over financial services, transportation or any other industry. However, the growth of criminal activity using the blockchain technology will also be enhanced if the law enforcement agencies are not technologically competent, can detect these developing centers, determine their actions and destroy plans at a faster pace.
ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ MERKEZLİ TAYVAN, TİBET VE DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN SORUNUNUN AMERİKA-ÇİN İLİŞKİLERİNE YANSIMASI
Authors: KÖKSOY Fulya
Published: July 2019

İki kutuplu dünya düzeninin sona ermesiyle uluslararası sistem, değişim
ve dönüşüm sürecine girmiştir. Bu noktada başlangıçta Amerika Birleşik
Devletleri (ABD) liderliğinde tek kutuplaşma eğilimi gösteren uluslararası
sistem, zaman içerisinde çok kutuplu bir yapıya evrilmeye başlamıştır. Bu çok
kutuplu yapı içerisinde Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin (ÇHC) “Yükselen Bir Güce”
dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Pekin’in “Yükselen Bir Güce” dönüşmesiyle beraber ABD
ve ÇHC ilişkileri uluslararası gündemi meşgul etmeye başlamıştır. Diğer
taraftan, Deng Xiaoping döneminden itibaren takip edilen “Dışa Açılma”
politikasıyla günümüzde ABD’den sonraki en önemli ekonomik güç olan ÇHC, her ne
kadar küresel sistemin yükselen gücü olsa da kendi içerisinde bazı sorunlar
yaşamaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalede ÇHC
merkezli yaşanan Tayvan, Tibet ve Doğu Türkistan sorunu, Amerika ve Çin
arasındaki ilişkiler bağlamında analiz edilmektedir. Bu yönde bir çalışmanın
oluşturulmasındaki temel amaç ise Pekin’in kendi iç sorunları karşısında
ABD’nin ne yönde bir politika takip ettiğini ve bu üç sorun karşısında ikili
ilişkilerin ne şekilde konumlandığını incelemektir
TÜRKİYE’DE SANAYİ 4.0 DÖNÜŞÜMÜNÜN OLANAKLARI VE KISITLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ERDÖLEK KOZAL Özge , BARBAROS R. Funda
Published: July 2019

2010 yılı ve sonrasında öncelikle
Almanya ve ardından ABD ve diğer Avrupa ülkeleri tarafından tartışmaya açılan,
kısaca “Sanayi 4.0” olarak adlandırılan “Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi”nin dünyanın
gelecek 50 yılını şekillendirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu yeni sanayi çevrimi ile
birlikte, üretim süreçleri yeniden yapılanacak ve ülkelerin uluslararası
işbölümündeki rolleri yeniden tanımlanacaktır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’nin üretim süreçlerindeki
ve uluslararası işbölümündeki yeni düzene nasıl eklemleneceği önemli bir gündem
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, Türkiye imalat sanayi,
Sanayi 4.0’ın öncü ülkeleri olarak kabul edilen ülkeler ve imalat sanayinin
genel görünümü Türkiye’ye benzer eğilimler taşıyan ülke grupları ile
karşılaştırılmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye imalat sanayinin düşük,
orta-düşük teknoloji içerikli sektörlerde uzmanlaştığını fakat orta-yüksek
teknoloji içeren imalat sanayi sanayi alt sektörlerinde uzmanlaşma potansiyeli
taşıdığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma ikinci olarak; Türkiye’nin Sanayi 4.0
sürecine eklemlenme aşamasında kilit öneme sahip imalat sanayi sektörlerinin
yapısal sorunlarını değerlendirerek, geleceğe dönük potansiyel ve kısıtlarını
ortaya koymakta ve bu doğrultuda politika önerileri oluşturmaktadır.
Átmenet a kolozsvári felsőoktatásból az IT szektorba
Authors: Székely Kinga
Published: July 2019

The present paper focuses on those factors that affect transition from higher education to theIT sector in Cluj-Napoca, in cases of entrants with informatics, automatization and computertechnology degree. The results show that transition to the IT market in Cluj-Napoca is primarilyinfluenced by the dependency of the local IT market on western IT markets with more centralpositions, followed by the competition for workforce. The first factor: dependency is due to skillshortages on the labour market in Cluj-Napoca. Launching new trainings with the involvementof other departments at universities, such as design, business, sales, marketing or businessinformatics can reduce dependency according to the representatives of the local institutions of higher education. Transition from higher education to the IT sector for entrants in ClujNapoca is smooth, due to the strong competition for workforce (second factor). Entrants selecttheir potential workplace based on the reputation of a workplace, position/projects, teamand remuneration. Labour shortage is present both in the IT sector and in higher education.A long-term solution for reducing labour shortage in both sectors could be provided by creatingattractive career paths in the academy which would require stronger cooperation betweencompanies, state and higher education institutions, according to the representatives of theinstitutions of higher education.
Revisiting enterprise politics in the interwar Hungary: The case of The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co
Authors: Várkonyi-Nickel Réka
Published: July 2019

The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co. in Salgótarján started to run up from 1871. Thepeople who lived in the workers’ colony of the Steelworks in Salgótarján differentiated themselvesfrom the rest of the local residents not only spatially but also in their appearance, as a result oftheir higher standard of living. At the begining of the 20th century the major streets of the colony(Acélgyári Street) had macadam or stoned surface and were lit with public street lightning. Theduty of the socalled Dwelling Master was to guarantee neat, clean, tidy streets within the colony.Steelworkers had more opportunity to visit the shops and barbershop than those men who livedwithin the downtown. This difference was partly due to their higher income and partly due tothe fact that the services of the comany’s shop and the barber at the colony were much cheaperthan those of other local barbers since it was ordered so by factory management. Workers’houses were up to the standards of the time, they did not pay rent or just a very low price andworkers had a possibility to build their own garden houses on the land of the company. All thisfundamentally changed in the second half of the 1940s owing to post-war lack of raw materialand Socialist ’modernization’ and uniformization. The period of communist dictatorship afterWorld War II, nationalization of the works and Socialist ’modernization’ created trauma at thecolony.
A lélek lopakodó rehabilitációja
Authors: Bánfalvi Attila
Published: July 2019

A deep-seated, ’constitutional problem’ of so-called psy-complex (ontologically ‘psy’ is differentthan matter, but it is studied by natural scientific methods) can be detected: ontologically thepsyche is basically different than matter, but the main stream studies of these disciplines take thenatural scientific methods as their research ideal which were created for material beings andthey try to influence and change their ‘object’ by technical-technological attitude. The main aimof this paper to draw attention to some of the main consequences of this dilemma.
Éltünk, s ebbe más is belenyugodott már…
Authors: A. Gergely András
Published: July 2019

Számlálni az időt, hallani a mendemondákat, szorulni azemlékektől, s félni a jövőtől – kinek ne lenne saját élménye, közvetett vagy szomszédos tapasztalata, kor-közérzete és felelőssége? Lesz-e nyugdíj, elegendő, akad-e, akimajd gondoz, fáj-e majd az elmúlás, küzdeni kell-e a túlélésért?
A születési sorrend hatása a nem kognitív készségekre
Authors: Jánosy Orsolya
Published: July 2019

Gyakran tapasztaljuk, hogy az azonos családban felnővő testvérek személyisége teljesen eltér egymástól, pedig szüleik ugyanabban a családi környezetben, megegyezőelvek és értékrend mentén nevelik őket. A közvélekedés szerint a legidősebb testvéráltalában vezető szerephez jut családon belül, ő szolgál viselkedési mintaként kisebbtestvérei számára. A legkisebbek gyakran dacosak, akaratosak, hiszen meg kell küzdeniük a szülői figyelemért, az érvényesülésért, ugyanakkor sokszor túlkényeztetettek is. A középső gyerekek talán a legalkalmazkodóbbak, hiszen ők szinte egész gyermekkorukat testvéreik „szorításában”, kisebb és nagyobb testvéreikhez folyamatosanalkalmazkodva élik.
Párválasztást befolyásoló tényezők az egyetemista nők körében
Authors: Kukucska Zsuzsa
Published: July 2019

The centre of the study is the influential factors of female students in higher education. As aresearch question, does the institution of marriage continue to be a prominent place amongfemale students in higher education as a planned relationship? And, does a person witha higher education level of education develop a relationship with a higher educated person,therefore achieving homogeneity of relationship? Thereby the choice of coupling is presented inaddition to the examination of marriage, cohabitation and postponement mechanism, beyondthe factors influencing partner selection, which are analyzed in a qualitative research of tenpersons. Factors include age, place of residence, origin and religion, separation from parenting,educational attainment, material capital and labor market situation, planned duration of therelationship and effects of the information age.
Roma oktatási helyzetkép Hargita megyében – pedagógusi viszonyulások
Authors: Jakab Judit
Published: July 2019

The study presents the attitudes and behaviours of pedagogues, based on interviews withteachers working with Roma children which constitute the quotidian educational practice. Inabsence of institutional programs, infrastructural and personal conditions, the teachers needto find solutions for the given difficulties. They become the key figures of the integration processand hence their attitudes and approaches are determining from the point of view of Romachildren’s school efficiency. The target audience of the research are composed by pedagogues,who teach in elementary schools in the Csiki Basin in Harghita county, where the rate of Romalearners exceeds 25 percents. Signalling the main directions of the national policy and thepresentation of literature examining the Hungarian-Roma relationship in Szeklerland offer abroader framework for the interpretation of the subject.
La importancia de hacer que las cosas sucedan "Siempre hay alguien que no me deja hacer nada, es un sospechoso tapujo para encubrir nuestra inercia”.
Authors: Valadez Hegler Rebeca del Carmen
Published: July 2019

La importancia de hacer que las cosas sucedan "Siempre hay alguien que no me deja hacer nada, es un sospechoso tapujo para encubrir nuestra inercia”. Peter F. Drucker (1909-2005).
Inducción y capacitación como factor de desarrollo de los IPS (Centros Médicos) de Villavicencio, Meta - Colombia
Authors: Torres Flórez Dagoberto , Espejo Cortes Karen Alexandra , Pérez Paredes Alfredo
Published: July 2019

Localización: Cortazar, Guanajuato México, ISSN Electrónico 2007-977X, No. 10 (Enero - Abril), 2019, págs. 1 - 15Idioma: EspañolTitulos paralelos:INDUCTION AND TRAINING AS A DEVELOPMENT FACTOR OF IPS (MEDICAL CENTERS) OF VILLAVICENCIO, META - COLOMBIAResumen:El entrenamiento (inducción y capacitación) que viven los colaboradores de las clí­nicas de Villavicencio es una práctica que aporta al desarrollo organizacional pero al no hacerse efectivamente podrí­a afectar otros procesos, por ello con el objetivo de describir los factores que intervienen en esta práctica, se realizó una investigación descriptiva a las IPS (Centros Médicos) de la ciudad, a través del instrumento Mp03 Inducción y Capacitación del Grupo GYDO, aplicado a los encargados de gestión humana, caracterizando la práctica considerada de gran importancia como estrategia de mejora organizacional y personal, estas organizaciones cuentan con planes formalizados de entrenamiento y consideran las capacitaciones como una ventaja competitiva que les permite ofrecer un servicio de calidad.Palabras clave: Centros Médicos, inducción, capacitación, entrenamiento, gestión humana.Abstract:The training (induction and training) that the collaborators of the clinics of Villavicencio live is a practice that contributes to the organizational development but when not doing it could affect other processes, for that reason with the objective of describing the factors that intervene in this practice, conducted a descriptive investigation to the IPS (Medical Centers) of the city, through the instrument Mp03 Induction and Training of the GYDO Group, applied to those in charge of human management, characterizing the practice considered of great importance as a strategy of organizational and personal improvement, These organizations have formalized training plans and consider training as a competitive advantage that allows them to offer a quality service.Keywords:Medical Centers, induction, training, human management.
Asymmetrical Multilevel Hybrid Inverter - Analysis and Experimentation
Authors: Arbugeri Cesar A. , Jappe Tiago K. , Lazzarin Telles B. , Caballero Domingo R. , Astudillo Reynaldo R. , Martinez Luis , Mussa Samir A.
Published: July 2019

This paper describes a voltage-fed asymmetrical hybrid inverter based on a symmetrical hybrid multilevel DC-AC converter for high voltage/high power applications. The proposed inverter is controlled by two types of modulationpatterns: low frequency (single pulse) and high frequency (sinusoidal PWM), responsible for obtaining a reduced harmonic distortion in the output voltage. Furthermore, the converter is asymmetrically powered, being fed by two sources with distinct values, obtaining seven levels phase voltage output. The results are presented with two pulse width modulation strategies, aimed at reducing the harmonic distortion in the voltage output. The operation of single-phase and three-phase circuits was verified by means of simulations and results obtained with an experimental prototype operating at a frequency switching of 1.5 kHz with a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz.
Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Solving a Hierarchical Scheduling Problem in Short-Term Production Planning
Authors: Semenkina O.E. , Popov E.A.
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with the scheduling problem relevant in many fields, such as project management, lesson scheduling or production scheduling. In practice, using optimisation methods to solve the scheduling problem is considerably restricted by the fact that in the real world, problem statement involves high dimensionality, high production process complexity and many nontrivial constraints. These specifics mean that even merely searching for a feasible solution becomes a difficult task. Consequently, in order to solve the problem in a reasonable amount of time it is necessary to use problem-oriented heuristics. Ensuring manufacturing process stability involves respecting all constraints, but at the same time, short-term production planning demands fast solutions whenever there is a change of state. We propose to implement a hierarchical problem structure that puts the travelling salesman problem at the top and replaces the nested resource-constrained project scheduling problem with a simulation model. The paper considers using such algorithms as the Lin --- Kernighan heuristic, the genetic algorithm and the ant colony optimization. We study the efficiency of employing the algorithms mentioned above to solve the scheduling problem in the statement proposed.
Digital Terrain Simulation for Preliminary Territory Analysis
Authors: Khaitov B.U.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a technique for determining average slope and terrain complexity index per regions we named "blocks"; the data will subsequently be used for digital terrain simulation in engineering design problems. We also describe a method for finding the block plane, which allows average slope to be determined quantitatively and qualitatively. It is possible to locate the steepest-descent vector by computing the attitude of the block plane. These steepest-descent vectors of terrain blocks indicate that surface runoff occurs on the terrain. We propose a technique using terrain blocks for estimating the terrain complexity index of a region. Determining average slope and terrain complexity per block facilitates visualising these parameters in the form of a choropleth map. A digital terrain model partitioned into block-shaped regions makes it possible to perform preliminary visual analysis of the territory represented, which is useful for various engineering design problems and optimal decision making in the case of multiple options.
Eco‑efficiency as Part of Sustainable Farm Development
Authors: Baum Rafał , Bieńkowski Jerzy
Published: July 2019

This paper shows the possible use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodologies in analyzing the eco-efficiency of agriculture. To use the descriptive and analytic method, the problem of product life-cycle costs identification and assessment was presented (assumptions for the methodology of costing in terms of carbon footprint of production processes). A detailed analysis was performed of eco-costs which are not addressed in traditional enterprise accounts. Determining the eco-efficiency of agricultural production systems is consistent with the sustainable agricultural development concept and is a crucial aspect of CSR compliance in the agricultural sector. This is a conceptual paper and a starting point for further discussion and empirical studies.
Ocena skuteczności modelu Beneisha w wykrywaniu manipulacji w sprawozdaniach finansowych
Authors: Golec Anna
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest ocena, czy model Beneisha może stanowić użyteczne narzędzie do wykrywania manipulacji wynikami finansowymi, które prowadziły do wydania negatywnej opinii biegłego rewidenta lub odmowy jej wydania w polskich spółkach kapitałowych. Badaniem objęto 24 pary przedsiębiorstw z głównego rynku Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie oraz z rynku alternatywnego New Connect. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że przy punkcie granicznym –2,22 model poprawnie identyfikował 67% manipulatorów i 75% niemanipulatorów. Dokładność modelu wzrastała z 71% do 75% wraz z przesuwaniem punktu odcięcia do –1,98. Kolejną obserwacją był fakt, że duże zmiany w wartościach M‑Score okazały się lepszym kryterium oceny. Klasyfikacja podmiotów na podstawie 35% zmiany wskaźnika rok do roku pozwoliła zwiększyć dokładność grupowania do 85%.
Factors Differentiating Poles’ Attitudes Towards Social Relations – a Spatial Approach
Authors: Szubert Tomasz
Published: July 2019

The research focuses on Poles’ attitudes towards selected aspects associated with social relations. Responses to the following 6 statements were examined: 1 – People try to help others above all, 2 – Homosexuals should be allowed to live according to their beliefs, 3 – Foreigners have too much to say in our country, 4 – Some people are worth more than others, 5 – Some groups of persons are not worthy of respect, 6 – We should seek to make the income of all persons more or less equal. The first aim of the study was to check how the level of agreement with those statements was distributed spatially in terms of districts. Then it was checked whether those attitudes were differentiated by 8 characteristics describing Poles: sex, marital status, education level, health status, participation in church services, age and income level, also taking into account the spatial aspect. Finally, regression models (classical and spatial) were constructed to check whether several features describing districts (rather than individual respondents) could help to build a model explaining why in some regions the population agreed with the statements more and in other areas less. The data needed for the analysis were taken from the nationwide study entitled “Social Diagnosis” and all calculations were carried out in the PQStat and Geoda programmes.
Creative Destruction and Regional Productivity: Evidence from the Polish Regions in 2004–2015
Authors: Kuźmar Sławomir
Published: July 2019

A considerable and persisting diversity of the development levels of Polish regions makes it necessary to seek potential causes of this phenomenon. It can be presumed that some of the diversity is caused by institutional qualities, characteristic for each individual region, including the dynamics of the reallocation of resources available in a particular region, which can be identified with the creative destruction processes, indicated by J. A. Schumpeter. In the view of these facts, this study aims at identifying the mechanisms of creative destruction processes and assessing their influence on the levels of regional productivity of labour in Poland, in the 2004–2015 time period. The conducted analyses showed that the correlation between the measures of creative destruction and the labour productivity is ambiguous and limited, as it was confirmed for only a part of Polish regions. For the remaining part, contrary to the theoretical assumptions, a reverse relationship was observed, i.e. it is the dynamics of productivity that affects the level of reallocation of resources, identified with the processes of creative destruction.
Problemas de la comunicación literaria. Del sueño de la comunicación al diálogo de sordos
Authors: Garayalde Nicolás
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza la noción de “comunicación literaria” considerando viejas, pero aún vigentes preguntas a la luz de nuevos aportes críticos. ¿Qué problemas plantea la especificidad de la comunicación literaria? ¿Es el malentendido una condición inevitable de la comunicación literaria? ¿Cómo se comunica un texto escrito con el lector? ¿Cómo es el lector capaz de comunicar su lectura? ¿Qué consecuencias tiene para la crítica literaria? Para trabajar este problema, se trabajarán los siguientes conceptos: el sueño de la comunicación (Richards, 1976), el diálogo ininterrumpido (Gadamer, 1989 y 2004 y Derrida, 1972, 1979, 1989, 1997 y 2003) y el diálogo de sordos (Bayard, 2002). El enfoque será sobre todo, en el crítico contemporáneo Bayard para pensar el malentendido como fundamento dela comunicación.
El café y el desarrollo Histórico-Geográfico de Costa Rica: Vida y obra historiográfica de Carolyn Hall en perspectiva económica
Authors: Ramírez-Roldán José David
Published: July 2019

Si se habla de la renovación historiográfica desde mediados de los años setenta, es de importancia resaltar la investigación de la geógrafa inglesa Carolyn Hall sobre el ámbito de la geografía histórica costarricense. Por eso, el presente artículo reseña la vida académica de Carolyn Hall y sus contribuciones metodológicas a la historia de la historiografía costarricense, dándole atención a su obra principal El café y el desarrollo Histórico-Geográfico de Costa Rica. Asimismo, la investigación se adentra en el análisis de su influencia teórica para dar cuenta del aspecto económico de su trabajo.
Riesgo operativo en sistemas de producción agrícola. Propuesta base para su evaluación
Authors: Quirós Badilla Diego Fernando
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del presente documento es incorporar la gestión administrativa de los riesgos que afectan al sector agrícola en el ámbito operativo, siendo fundamental su análisis desde los procesos productivos, la gestión del recurso humano, el manejo y uso de las tecnologías de producción, así como, los factores ambientales que  generan vulnerabilidad en los cultivos. Se define de manera amplia qué factores dentro de estos aspectos de la producción pueden integrarse para evaluar sus riesgos. Por otra parte, se introduce a la gestión operativa de riesgos en sistemas agrícolas una metodología de evaluación base (matrices de calor), utilizada en otros campos de la economía, que analiza la frecuencia por el impacto de un evento como el riesgo de un fenómeno o amenaza específica, y lo relaciona con la gestión (exposición) para administrar este riesgo, cuyo fin es que pueda facilitar la identificación, valoración y priorización de estos peligros, con el fin de disminuir, mitigar o transferir dichas amenazas.
Selección de una ecuación volumétrica para Eucalyptus urophylla s.t. Blake en la región central del estado de Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Imaña-Encinas José , Antunes-Santana Otacílio , Riesco-Muñoz Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Fueron medidos, apeados y troceados 1545 árboles de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Bla con la finalidad de seleccionar ecuaciones volumétricas con una y dos variables independientes. La muestra de la validación cruzada fue en 310 árboles. Fueron empleadas las variables dendrométricas diámetro normal y altura total del árbol para ajustar ecuaciones volumétricas en una plantación de E. urophylla destinada a la producción de leña y en edad de cosecha. Los criterios de selección fueron los estadísticos: coeficiente de determinación ajustado, error padrón de la estimación, distribución gráfica de residuos e índice de Furnival. De siete ecuaciones ensayadas con una variable dendrométrica, la seleccionada fue la ecuación de Hohenadl-Krenn (v=ß0+ß1d+ß2d2), que obtuvo la mayor fiabilidad estadística, presentando el mejor ajuste (R2aj = 0,98, Sx = 0,06 e IF = 0,01). Su expresión matemática fue: v= 21,5461 + 4,4448∙d + 0,2247∙d2. De los nueve modelos ensayados que consideraron dos variables dendrométricas la ecuación de Meyer log v=ß0+ß1d+ß2d2+ß3dh+ß4d2h+ß5h presentó el mejor ajuste. Sin embargo, en eficiencia fue inferior al compararla con la ecuación de Hohenadl-Krenn.
Análisis de la composición y estructura del bosque secundario en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Ostional, Guanacaste, con miras a su restauración
Authors: Brenes-Chaves Laura , Méndez-Cartín Ana Lucía , Sánchez-Toruño Henry , Montero-Flores William , Barquero-Elizondo Ana Isabel , Hernández-Sánchez Luis Gustavo
Published: July 2019

En las décadas de los 60’s y 70’s, se generó una pérdida de cobertura forestal que afectó a la provincia de Guanacaste, ocasionando una degradación del bosque de costa, ecosistema único debido a la capacidad de adaptación de las especies a las condiciones abióticas. Esto impactó negativamente a las tortugas marinas, que han sufrido un desbalance entre la cantidad de machos y hembras, debido al aumento de la temperatura de la arena, a causa de la pérdida de cobertura boscosa. Esto motivó al Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Ostional (RNVSO) a crear un corredor biológico costero, para el cual requieren conocer la estructura y composición de este bosque, con el fin de proponer las especies a utilizar en la restauración de estos sitios. En el presente estudio, se instalaron cuatro parcelas permanentes de muestreo (PPM) de 2 400 m2, donde se evaluaron variables de diámetro, nombre científico y condiciones de estructura vertical. Se encontraron 353 individuos/ha, pertenecientes a 36 especies y 17 familias botánicas; así como un área basal 27,24 m2/ha. Las familias más representativas fueron Malvaceae (27,58 % IVI), Rubiaceae (18,38 % IVI) y Anacardiaceae (12,52 % IVI); mientras que las especies más dominantes y abundantes fueron Pachira quinata (45,63%), Callycophyllum candidissimum (15,11 %) y Spondias mombin (12,28 %). Al comparar con otros estudios, se encuentran similitudes en diversidad y composición con otros bosques costeros de la misma provincia, existiendo diferencia en la estructura con respecto a bosques no protegidos. Estos ecosistemas se asemejan en composición y estructura a los bosques secos, a pesar de encontrarse en una zona de vida de transición a bosque húmedo, lo que puede asociarse a las condiciones abióticas únicas que enfrentan y a su nivel de fragmentación.
Manejo nutricional y de riego en minijardines clonales de Tectona grandis (Linn. F) en la zona sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Calderón-Ureña Fiorella , Esquivel-Segura Edwin , Acevedo-Tapia Manuel
Published: July 2019

La nutrición forestal es un tema en desarrollo actual tanto en las etapas de vivero como en las plantaciones. En algunos casos se presentan evidencias de deficiencias nutricionales desde los minijardines clonales, los cuales son una de las etapas iniciales en un vivero clonal. En un minijardín clonal de Tectona grandis (Linn. F) se evaluó el sistema de riego y la aplicación de distintas dosis junto con criterios de riego variados para así poder aplicar la técnica de fertirriego. Se determinaron los coeficientes de uniformidad de Christiansen y de distribución. Aparte de los tratamientos, también se utilizó el factor de semanas medidas para evaluar el comportamiento de las plantas madre de la teca ante la cosecha de brotes. El sistema de riego fue catalogado como inaceptable por lo que no fue uniforme. En cuanto a las variables medidas (diámetro, altura y cantidad de brotes) no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0,05) entre tratamientos, pero sí entre semanas. En este proyecto se concluye que a pesar de que no existieron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, los costos de utilizar sales como fertilizante son considerablemente menores.
Árboles del Valle Central de Costa Rica: reproducción del Guácimo ternero (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.)
Authors: Rojas-Rodríguez Freddy , Torres-Córdoba Gustavo
Published: July 2019

Se presenta una breve descripción del árbol guácimo ternero (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.), incluyendo información sobre fenología como base para la recolección de frutos, el manejo de las semillas, la viverización y el proceso de germinación.
Árboles del Valle Central de Costa Rica: reproducción del Güísaro (Psidium guineense Sw.)
Authors: Rojas-Rodríguez Freddy , Torres-Córdoba Gustavo
Published: July 2019

Se presenta una breve descripción del árbol de Güísaro (Psidium guineense Sw.), incluyendo información sobre fenología como base para la recolección de frutos, el manejo de las semillas, la viverización y el proceso de germinación.
Efecto de la innovación en la rentabilidad de las Mipymes en contextos económicos de recesión y expansión
Authors: López Fernández José Manuel , Somohano Rodríguez Francisco Manuel , Martínez García Francisco Javier
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo nos hemos planteado el objetivo de relacionar la innovación con el resultado empresarial, diferenciando el periodo económico de recesión y expansión, y si incluso las Mipymes que innovan muestran una mejoría. Para ello, hemos utilizado la información económico-financiera del periodo 2002-2014 de una muestra de 928 empresas de fabricación de componentes del sector de automoción español. También hemos utilizado información sobre las actividades innovadoras llevadas a cabo por las empresas divulgada en sus páginas web en el año 2014. Con esta información hemos desarrollado un indicador de divulgación de la intensidad de la innovación y hemos reclasificado la actividad productiva de la empresa. Mediante la aplicación de metodologías no paramétricas, hemos obtenido evidencia suficiente de una alternancia en los efectos positivos que la innovación produce en los resultados de las empresas dependiendo del tamaño de estas y del ciclo económico. Este trabajo puede contribuir a validar las políticas que defienden y apoyan la innovación en las Mipymes.
Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile
Authors: López Dorotea , García Camila , Muñoz Felipe
Published: July 2019

La positiva relación entre el comercio de servicios y el desarrollo de los países ha sido señalada por diferentes gobiernos chilenos como una justificación para incrementar las exportaciones de servicios a fin de alcanzar la diversificación en su canasta y agregar valor a las exportaciones. Desde la primera década del 2000, el Estado ha implementado una serie de programas y estrategias dirigidas a lograr este objetivo. Sin embargo, la matriz permanece anclada en los recursos naturales, particularmente el cobre. Aunque el comercio de servicios ha aumentado, no lo ha hecho como se esperaba. Por lo anterior, para este trabajo se entrevistó a expertos del sector público, privado y académico, la sociedad civil y ONG para recabar su percepción sobre las políticas de promoción de exportaciones de servicios implementadas en el período 1990-2014. Para una mejor comprensión de los resultados, se distinguen tres niveles de análisis, en una jerarquía lógica de mayor a menor grado: Nivel I: Consideraciones sobre doctrinas económicas y culturas corporativas. Nivel II: Consideraciones sobre la especificidad de la industria de servicios y consideraciones económicas. Nivel III: Consideraciones sobre políticas e instrumentos específicos. Algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones se presentan al final.
Estudio de casos: Una metodología de enseñanza en la educación superior para la adquisición de competencias integradoras y emprendedoras
Authors: Argandoña Gómez Fabiola Andrea , Persico Jiménez María Cecilia , Visic Matulic Ana María
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objeto la aplicación piloto del método de casos como metodología de enseñanza para la adquisición de las competencias integradoras y emprendedoras por parte de los estudiantes de Ingeniería Comercial de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Universidad Central de Chile, en los cuatro primeros semestres de la carrera. Esto da la oportunidad de capacitar a los docentes en material didáctico de casos para la enseñanza, comparar los aprendizajes entre alumnos que vivenciaron esta metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje y aquellos que no y, por último, evaluar los resultados de valoración que los estudiantes dan a la experiencia. Se realiza un análisis detallado de los resultados académicos obtenidos, para finalizar con unas reflexiones sobre las ventajas e inconvenientes que esta metodología tiene para la enseñanza de las distintas áreas de conocimientos y para adecuarse al contexto de aprendizaje de competencias y habilidades. Por lo anterior es que, para cada aspecto evaluado, se presentan los resultados del grupo control, luego los del grupo experimental y por último la comparación de los resultados obtenidos entre ambos grupos. Las carencias de formación más relevantes en ambos grupos se refieren a conceptos y modelos económicos-matemáticos en situaciones cotidianas.
La semiformalidad de las microempresas. El caso de la Región Brunca, Costa Rica
Authors: Abarca-Jiménez Geovanny
Published: July 2019

Resumen

En el artículo se aborda el fenómeno de la semiformalidad a nivel de las unidades microempresariales que operan en la Región Brunca de Costa Rica. Para esto se hace énfasis en los requisitos que, de acuerdo con la legislación costarricense, deben cumplir este tipo de empresas para ser sujetas de crédito mediante los programas de la Banca para el Desarrollo. Las variables estudiadas incluyen: la situación jurídica de dichas empresas ante la Oficina de Tributación Directa, la inscripción como patronos ante la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social y la tenencia de la patente municipal al día. Estas variables se ponderan y se comparan con los indicadores de competitividad de cada cantón estudiado. La investigación determinó un alto nivel de semiformalidad en el sector microempresarial, sin embargo, es menor al publicado a nivel nacional. Se concluye que, dadas las condiciones sociales y económicas de esta región, al parecer el fenómeno de la informalidad resulta ser una estrategia para subsistir en zonas de bajo acceso a fuentes de empleo y de alta vulnerabilidad social y económica.
Predicción de variaciones en el precio del petróleo con el modelo de optimización ARIMA, innovando con fuerza bruta operacional
Authors: Parisi-Fernández Antonino , Améstica-Rivas Luis , Chileno-Trujillo Óscar
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación evalúa la eficacia del modelo ARIMA multivariable optimizado con fuerza bruta para el caso del precio del petróleo, con el fin de predecir el comportamiento de las acciones a la semana siguiente de una última fecha analizada. El objetivo es construir un modelo predictivo con un porcentaje de predicción de signo superior al 50% y, por consiguiente, mejorar la toma de decisiones para los inversionistas. Se utilizó la información disponible de la cotización del petróleo y acciones del portal web de finanzas de tres empresas, Exxon Mobil, Gazprom y Rosneft, comprendidos en el periodo del 4 de febrero de 2011 al 4 de febrero de 2016, durante el cual se pudo observar la variación de los precios, y así poder comparar los datos reales con las variaciones pronosticadas a través del modelo. Se utilizaron 12 variables, generando 100.000 iteraciones aleatorias con fuerza bruta, dado que la optimización por simplex o solver limitaba la obtención de algún resultado. Con la técnica de fuerza bruta se pudo establecer una capacidad de predicción superior al 60% para el caso del precio del petróleo y las acciones de empresas petroleras.
US Military Service and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Disease: An Analysis of the 2011-2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Walker Lauren E. , Poltavskiy Eduard , Janak Jud C. , Beyer Carl A. , Stewart Ian J. , Howard Jeffrey T.
Published: July 2019

Objective: To determine: 1) rates of cardio­vascular disease (CVD) among individuals with and without prior US military service; and 2) variation in CVD outcomes by race/ ethnicity.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of the 2011-2016 Behavioral Risk Fac­tor Surveillance System during 2018-2019. Groups with (n=369,844) and without (n=2,491,784) prior service were compared overall, and by race/ethnicity. CVD odds were compared using logistic regression. Rate-difference decomposition was used to estimate relative contributions of covariates to differences in CVD prevalence.Results: CVD was associated with military service (OR=1.34; P<.001). Among non- Hispanic Blacks, prior service was associ­ated with a lower odds of CVD (OR=.69; P<.001), fully attenuating the net differ­ence in CVD between individuals with and without prior service. Non-Hispanic Whites who served had the highest odds of CVD, while Hispanics with prior service had the same odds of CVD as non-Hispanic Whites without prior service. After age, smoking and body mass index status were the largest contributors to CVD differences by race/ ethnicity.Conclusions: Results from this study sup­port an association between prior military service and CVD and highlight differences in this association by race/ethnicity. Knowledge of modifiable health behaviors that contrib­ute to differences in CVD outcomes could be used to guide prevention efforts. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):451-462; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.3.451