bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralization of “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues in soil: potential chemosensory mimics of glucose
Authors: Mason-Jones Kyle , Gilmullina Aliia , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: January 2017

Glucose is widely used to study the dynamics of easily available organics in soil. Pure culture studies have revealed that many microorganisms can sense and respond to glucose through chemosensory mechanisms that are not directly reliant on energy catabolism. However, the rapid mineralization of glucose by microorganisms makes it difficult to disentangle its energy effects from such non‐catabolic interactions. “Non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues have proven useful in mechanistic studies of glucose in pure culture, but have never been applied to complex microbial communities in soil. We sought to determine how their mineralization in soil differs from that of glucose, and whether they have potential as a new approach for investigating chemosensory mechanisms in soil microbiology.

We incubated soil from an agricultural Haplic Luvisol under controlled conditions for 24 d and monitored CO2 efflux after addition of (1) glucose, and three “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues: (2) 2‐deoxyglucose (DG), (3) α‐methylglucoside (αMG), and (4) 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose (OMG), at three concentration levels, along with a control.

All three analogues did in fact produce a large increase in soil CO2 efflux, but the dynamics of their mineralization differed from the rapid degradation seen for glucose. At medium and high concentrations, CO2 efflux peaked between 2.5 and 4 d after amendment with DG and αMG, and was delayed by about one week for OMG.

The markedly different patterns of mineralization between glucose and OMG offer a new tool for investigating the behavior of glucose in soil. By using OMG as a glucose model, chemosensory mechanisms could be studied with limited interference from energy catabolism.
The role of antioxidative metabolism of tomato leaves in long‐term salt‐stress response
Authors: Koleška Ivana , Hasanagić Dino , Maksimović Ivana , Bosančić Borut , Kukavica Biljana
Published: January 2017

The antioxidative protection system as adaptation strategy to high soil salinity in the leaves of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids (Buran F1 and Berberana F1) was investigated. Changes in the activity of superoxide‐dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), as well as total and oxidized ascorbate concentrations (AA and DHA) in the plant leaves subjected to three salinity levels (EC 3.80 dS m−1, 6.95 dS m−1, and 9.12 dS m−1) relative to non‐saline control were analyzed during the fruiting phase. The obtained results clearly indicate a relation between SOD activity and AA concentration in the antioxidative protection without any peroxidase‐related H2O2 detoxification. Increased SOD activity accompanied by high AA concentration was noticed at all salinity levels, but the response of hybrids was specific for the particular salt concentration. The first salinity level (EC 3.80 dS m−1) induced the highest level of AA in the Buran F1 (70%), while in Berberana F1 hybrid leaves the highest AA concentration (64%) was noticed at the third salinity level (9.12 dS m−1). All salinity levels caused a decline in POD and APX activities in both hybrids. The possibility of a predominant role of ascorbate and SOD in the antioxidative protection of mature tomato leaves under long‐term salt stress is discussed.
Female wild turkey habitat selection in mixed forest‐agricultural landscapes
Authors: Pollentier Christopher D. , Lutz R. Scott , Drake David
Published: January 2017

Gradual changes in agricultural and landscape management practices have led to growing uncertainty regarding eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) habitat management in contemporary landscapes in the midwestern United States. Nesting and brood‐rearing success during spring often influence turkey population trajectories, and a better understanding of habitat selection during this period would identify potential habitat characteristics that have the greatest influence on turkey population management objectives. We evaluated spring (8 Apr–24 Jul) habitat selection of 89 radio‐marked female wild turkeys across 4 study areas (2 forest‐dominated, and 2 agricultural) in southwest and west‐central Wisconsin, USA, 2010–2011. We investigated habitat selection at 3 hierarchical spatial scales: study areas, within spring areas of use (SAUs), and within 200 m of nest sites. We obtained 3,605 radio‐telemetry relocations ( = 30.8 ± 0.51 [SE] locations/turkey) and monitored 79 nesting attempts. In both landscapes, female turkeys selected edges, and in forested landscapes females selected for deciduous forests with numerous and dispersed forest openings. Female turkeys generally established SAUs where an even mixture of forest and open‐herbaceous cover was available. Telemetry locations within SAUs indicated female turkeys selected land cover types in proportion to availability (Ŝi = 1), but selection of specific cover types was variable within and among study areas. At the nest site scale, amount of forest‐field edge was greater within 200 m of nest sites ( = 62.2 m/ha) compared to random locations ( = 48.3 m/ha). Coarse measures of forest and open‐agricultural cover were useful in identifying habitat selection trends by female turkeys across hierarchical scales. Our results suggest that proportion and configuration of forest and open‐agricultural cover are essential components of female turkey habitat, and forest‐field edge further plays an important role in nest site selection. We suggest conservation efforts focus on ensuring available usable space through maintaining upland deciduous woodlands or providing herbaceous fields in varying degrees of succession when managing for wild turkey populations in mixed forest‐agricultural landscapes. Adaptability of wild turkeys indicates the importance of multi‐scale habitat evaluation prior to implementing habitat management strategies. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Complications and parent satisfaction in pediatric osseointegrated bone‐conduction hearing implants
Authors: Chan Kenny H. , Gao Dexiang , Jensen Emily L. , Allen Gregory C. , Cass Stephen P.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To assess long‐term complication rate and parental satisfaction of osseointegrated bone conduction hearing implants (OBCHIs).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review of children undergoing OBCHIs.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of children undergoing OBCHIs for the treatment of conductive, mixed, and single‐sided sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Results

Forty‐five subjects were identified with 0.3 to 10.4 years of follow‐up. The mean/median age and age range at implant were 9.0/7.8 and 1.7 to 19.1 years. The underlying hearing loss for the cohort included conductive (N = 30), sensorineural (N = 7), and mixed (N = 8) hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss, caused by aural atresia (62.9), was the most common indication for implantation. Fifty‐eight complications occurred in 29 subjects, most related to skin infection or overgrowth. Seventeen events required revision surgery, and 18 required oral antibiotics and/or office‐based cauterization. Children under the age of 5 years were more likely to have failure of osseointegration or require revision surgery. Parents of 33 subjects underwent a phone interview; 76% rated the overall satisfaction as satisfied or very satisfied.

Conclusion

A large percentage of children undergoing OBCHI develop postoperative complications, and up to 44% require revision surgery—a figure higher than generally reported and higher than in adults. No factors were found to adequately explain the higher complication rates in children compared to adults. Despite the occurrence of complications, parents viewed this device as satisfactory from many perspectives.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:2165–2170, 2017
Pediatric peritonsillar abscess: Outcomes and cost savings from using transcervical ultrasound
Authors: Huang Zhen , Vintzileos William , Gordish‐Dressman Heather , Bandarkar Anjum , Reilly Brian K.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

1) To analyze clinical outcomes of children stratified by ultrasound into three diagnoses: acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar phlegmon, and abscess; and 2) To compare clinical outcomes and financial impact between children who underwent ultrasound protocol to those who did not.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis between two cohorts: ultrasound protocol group and control group.

Methods

Children with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) were enrolled during a 2‐year period for transcervical ultrasound evaluation of bilateral tonsillar fossae. Data from a cohort of patients with PTA prior to ultrasound screening were also collected from retrospective chart review. Outcome variables were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Seventy‐eight children (mean 12.3 years) were enrolled in the ultrasound protocol, compared to 101 children (mean 13.6 years) evaluated using traditional methods of examination and/or computed tomography (CT) imaging. Demographics between the two groups were not significantly different.

Only one‐third of patients presumed to have PTA by ED staff had ultrasound findings consistent with abscess. Overall treatment failure rate was 8%, requiring readmission or surgical intervention for abscess. Length of stay, surgical drainage, and radiation exposure from CT scans were reduced significantly in the ultrasound group (P < 0.006). Differences in readmission rates and mean charges between the two groups did not reach significance.

Conclusion

Peritonsillar abscess is a common infection in the pediatric population, but diagnosis can be challenging. Transcervical ultrasound is a safe, cost‐effective, and accurate modality to help stratify patients into medical and surgical treatment arms.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 127:1924–1929, 2017
Palladium Nanocubes Assembled Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane: Facile Preparation and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Yan Zhaodong , Guo Jian , Bai Lu , Jia Lu , Song Ping , Mei Linyu , Liu Yaqing
Published: January 2017

Assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles on polymeric templates has attracted much attention recently because of the potential useful applications. In this work, 3D electrospun nanofiber membrane is used as template for the assembly of ex situ synthesized palladium nanocubes. The assembly process is achieved by simple immersion step, in which the electrostatic assembly of the nanocubes occurs. The dense nanocubes on the nanofibers as well as the fibrous nanostructure render the nanocomposite membrane excellent catalytic activity. Moreover, the catalytic membrane can be recycled for at least six times, which makes it possible for practical usage.

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Presentation and validation of the DuckEES child and adolescent dynamic facial expressions stimulus set
Authors: Giuliani Nicole R. , Flournoy John C. , Ivie Elizabeth J. , Von Hippel Arielle , Pfeifer Jennifer H.
Published: January 2017

The stimulus sets presently used to study emotion processing are primarily static pictures of individuals (primarily adults) making emotional facial expressions. However, the dynamic, stereotyped movements associated with emotional expressions contain rich information missing from static pictures, such as the difference between happiness and pride. We created a set of 1.1 s dynamic emotional facial stimuli representing boys and girls aged 8–18. A separate group of 36 individuals (mean [M] age = 19.5 years, standard deviation [SD] = 1.95, 13 male) chose the most appropriate emotion label for each video from a superset of 250 videos. Validity and reliability statistics were performed across all stimuli, which were then used to determine which stimuli should be included in the final stimulus set. We set a criterion for inclusion of 70% agreement with the modal response made for each video. The final stimulus set contains 142 videos of 36 actors (M age = 13.24 years, SD = 2.09, 14 male) making negative (disgust, embarrassment, fear, sadness), positive (happiness, pride), and neutral facial expressions. The percent correct among the final stimuli was high (median = 88.89%; M = 88.38%, SD = 7.74%), as was reliability (κ = 0.753).
30‐Second bound and pore water concentration mapping of cortical bone using 2D UTE with optimized half‐pulses
Authors: Manhard Mary Kate , Harkins Kevin D. , Gochberg Daniel F. , Nyman Jeffry S. , Does Mark D.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

MRI of cortical bone has the potential to offer new information about fracture risk. Current methods are typically performed with 3D acquisitions, which suffer from long scan times and are generally limited to extremities. This work proposes using 2D UTE with half pulses for quantitatively mapping bound and pore water in cortical bone.

Methods

Half‐pulse 2D UTE methods were implemented on a 3T Philips Achieva scanner using an optimized slice‐select gradient waveform, with preparation pulses to selectively image bound or pore water. The 2D methods were quantitatively compared with previously implemented 3D methods in the tibia in five volunteers.

Results

The mean difference between bound and pore water concentration acquired from 3D and 2D sequences was 0.6 and 0.9 mol 1H/Lbone (3 and 12%, respectively). While 2D pore water methods tended to slightly overestimate concentrations relative to 3D methods, differences were less than scan‐rescan uncertainty and expected differences between healthy and fracture‐prone bones.

Conclusion

Quantitative bound and pore water concentration mapping in cortical bone can be accelerated by 2 orders of magnitude using 2D protocols with optimized half‐pulse excitation. Magn Reson Med 77:945–950, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Content of conventional therapy for the severely affected arm during subacute rehabilitation after stroke: An analysis of physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice
Authors: de Jong Lex D. , van Wijck Frederike , Stewart Roy E. , Geurts Alexander C.H. , Dijkstra Pieter U.
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose

Physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) are key professions providing treatment for the arm after stroke; however, knowledge about the content of these treatments is scant. Detailed data are needed to replicate interventions, evaluate their effective components, and evaluate PT and OT practice. This paper describes PT and OT treatment for the severely affected arm in terms of duration, content according to components and categories of the International Classification of Human Functioning, Disability and Health, and to analyze differences between professions.

Methods

Design: This is a retrospective analysis of randomized trial data. Participants: 46 patients after stroke with poor arm motor control recruited from inpatient neurological units from three rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. Procedure: PTs and OTs recorded duration and content of arm treatment interventions for 8 weeks using a bespoke treatment schedule with 15 International Classification of Human Functioning, Disability and Health categories.

Results

PTs and OTs spent on average 4–7 min per treatment session (30 min) on arm treatment. OTs spent significantly more time providing arm treatment and treatment at the activities level than PTs. PTs spent 79% of their arm treatment time on body functions, OTs 41%. OTs spent significantly more time on “moving around using transportation,” “self care,” and “household tasks” categories.

Conclusions

Patients after stroke with a severely affected arm and an unfavorable prognosis for arm motor recovery receive little arm‐oriented PT and OT. Therapists spent most arm treatment time on body functions. There was a considerable overlap in the content of PT and OT in 12 of the 15 categories. Results can be generalized only to patients with poor arm motor control and may not represent practice in other countries.
Finite‐time boundedness and L2‐gain analysis for switched positive linear systems with multiple time delays
Authors: Liu Yang , Tao Wei , Lee Liming , Lu Jianquan
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we study the finite‐time boundedness, stabilization, and L2‐gain for switched positive linear systems (SPLS) with multiple time delays. Using multiple linear copositive Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are obtained for the problems of finite‐time boundedness and stabilization and the design of state feedback controllers for SPLS. Under asynchronous switching, L2‐gain analysis is developed for SPLS under the constraint of average dwell time. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Analysis of Localized DNA Hybridization Chain Reactions
Authors: Bui Hieu , Miao Vincent , Garg Sudhanshu , Mokhtar Reem , Song Tianqi , Reif John
Published: January 2017

Theoretical models of localized DNA hybridization reactions on nanoscale substrates indicate potential benefits over conventional DNA hybridization reactions. Recently, a few approaches have been proposed to speed‐up DNA hybridization reactions; however, experimental confirmation and quantification of the acceleration factor have been lacking. Here, a system to investigate localized DNA hybridization reactions on a nanoscale substrate is presented. The system consists of six metastable DNA hairpins that are tethered to a long DNA track. The localized DNA hybridization reaction of the proposed system is triggered by a DNA strand which initiates the subsequent self‐assembly. Fluorescence kinetics indicates that the half‐time completion of a localized DNA hybridization chain reaction is six times faster than the same reaction in the absence of the substrate. The proposed system provides one of the first known quantification of the speed‐up of DNA hybridization reactions due to the locality effect.
Continuous Films of Self‐Assembled Graphene Quantum Dots for n‐Type Doping of Graphene by UV‐Triggered Charge Transfer
Authors: Park Myung Jin , Kim Yuna , Kim Youngsoo , Hong Byung Hee
Published: January 2017

The demands to examine components serving as one of the active layers in heterostructures of 2D materials have been recently increasing. Nanomaterials synthesized from a solution process and their self‐assembly can provide a promising route to build a new type of mixed dimensional heterostructures, and several methodologies have been reported previously to construct 2D assemblies from colloidal nanostructures in solution. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), receiving much interest due to the tunable optical band gap and the capability of chemical functionalization, are considered as emerging nanomaterials for various optoelectronic and biological applications. This study fabricates a closely packed GQDs film (GQDF) from colloidal solutions using a solvent‐assisted Langmuir Blodgett method, and investigates the optical and electrical characteristics of the heterostacked graphene/GQD film (G/GQDF) structures. It is observed that the GQDF plays a role not only as a buffer layer that isolates Chemical Vapor Deposited graphene (CVD graphene) from undesired p‐doping but also as a photoactive layer that triggers n‐doping of the heterostacked CVD graphene film. The n‐doping density of the G/GQDF device is proportional to UV irradiation time, but its carrier mobility remains constant regardless of doping densities, which are unique characteristics that have not been observed in other doping methods.
3D Probed Lipid Dynamics in Small Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Chao Meng‐Hsuan , Lin Yen‐Ting , Dhenadhayalan Namasivayam , Lee Hsin‐Lung , Lee Hsin‐Yen , Lin King‐Chuen
Published: January 2017

Single‐molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy overcomes the resolution barrier of optical microscopy (10≈–20 nm) and is utilized to look into lipid dynamics in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs; diameter < 100 nm). The fluorescence trajectories of lipid‐like tracer 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindodicarbocyanine (DiD) in the membrane bilayers are acquired at a single‐molecule level. The autocorrelation analysis yields the kinetic information on lipid organization, oxygen transport, and lateral diffusion in SUVs' membrane. First, the isomerization feasibility may be restricted by the addition of cholesterols, which form structure conjugation with DiD chromophore. Second, the oxygen transport is prevented from the ultrasmall cluster and cholesterol‐rich regions, whereas it can pass through the membrane region with liquid‐disordered phase (Ld) and defects. Third, by analyzing 2D spectra correlating the lipid diffusion coefficient and triplet‐state lifetime, the heterogeneity in lipid bilayer can be precisely visualized such as lipid domain with different phases, the defects of lipid packing, and DiD‐induced “bouquet” ultrasmall clusters.
Peg3/PW1 Is a Marker of a Subset of Vessel Associated Endothelial Progenitors
Authors: Malinverno Matteo , Corada Monica , Ferrarini Luca , Formicola Luigi , Marazzi Giovanna , Sassoon David , Dejana Elisabetta
Published: January 2017

Vascular associated endothelial cell (ECs) progenitors are still poorly studied and their role in the newly forming vasculature at embryonic or postnatal stage remains elusive. In the present work, we first defined a set of genes highly expressed during embryo development and strongly downregulated in the adult mouse. In this group, we then concentrated on the progenitor cell marker Peg3/PW1. By in vivo staining of the vasculature we found that only a subset of cells coexpressed endothelial markers and PW1. These cells were quite abundant in the embryo vasculature but declined in number at postnatal and adult stages. Using a reporter mouse for PW1 expression, we have been able to isolate PW1-positive (PW1posECs) and negative endothelial cells (PW1negECs). PW1-positive cells were highly proliferative in comparison to PW1negECs and were able to form colonies when seeded at clonal dilution. Furthermore, by RNAseq analysis, PW1posECs expressed endothelial cell markers together with mesenchymal and stem cell markers. When challenged by endothelial growth factors in vitro, PW1posECs were able to proliferate more than PW1negECs and to efficiently form new vessels in vivo. Taken together these data identify a subset of vessel associated endothelial cells with characteristics of progenitor cells. Considering their high proliferative potential these cells may be of particular importance to design therapies to improve the perfusion of ischemic tissues or to promote vascular repair.
Large, Prospective Analysis of the Reasons Patients Do Not Pursue BRCA Genetic Testing Following Genetic Counseling
Authors: Hayden Sommer , Mange Sarah , Duquette Debra , Petrucelli Nancie , Raymond Victoria M. ,   on behalf of the BRCA Clinical Network Partners
Published: January 2017

Genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) identifies high‐risk individuals who benefit from enhanced medical management. Not all individuals undergo GT following GC and understanding the reasons why can impact clinical efficiency, reduce GT costs through appropriate identification of high‐risk individuals, and demonstrate the value of pre‐GT GC. A collaborative project sponsored by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services prospectively collects anonymous data on BRCA‐related GC visits performed by providers in Michigan, including demographics, patient/family cancer history, GT results, and reasons for declining GT. From 2008 to 2012, 10,726 patients underwent GC; 3476 (32.4%) did not pursue GT. Primary reasons included: not the best test candidate (28.1%), not clinically indicated (23.3%), and insurance/out of pocket cost concerns (13.6%). Patient disinterest was the primary reason for declining in 17.1%. Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns were the primary reason for not testing in 13.4% of untested individuals with private insurance. Among untested individuals with breast and/or ovarian cancer, 22.5% reported insurance/out of pocket cost concerns as the primary reason for not testing and 6.6% failed to meet Medicare criteria. In a five‐year time period, nearly one‐third of patients who underwent BRCA GC did not pursue GT. GT was not indicated in almost half of patients. Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns continue to be barriers.
Effects of Steam Distillation and Screw‐Pressing on Extraction, Composition and Functional Properties of Protein in Dehulled Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila P. , Evangelista Roque L.
Published: January 2017

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a summer annual plant commonly used as fresh green herb, spice or for its essential oil. An integrated process combined steam distillation, dehulling, and screw pressing to recover the essential oil and edible oil from coriander fruit. The current work determined the impact of the dual oil extraction approach on coriander protein extractability, composition, and functional properties and compared the results with those of ground whole coriander. Coriander protein extracts were produced by the acid precipitation method. All the dehulled samples (steamed and non‐steamed) produced protein extracts with markedly higher protein content (84–90% dry basis, db) than did ground whole fruit (67% db). Coriander protein extracts showed similar amino acid compositions and had amino acid scores that were greater than those of their starting meals and soybean protein. Steam distillation had detrimental effects on the protein, based on major changes in SDS‐PAGE band patterns and reduced protein recovery [from 42 (control) to 26%]. However, solubilities of protein from steam‐distilled samples were enhanced from pH 7 to 10 (>90 versus 80% in non‐steam‐distilled coriander). Steam‐distillation did not negatively affect foaming, emulsification, and heat coagulability properties of the coriander proteins, as the values were equal to those of the non‐steamed samples.
A Comparison of Locomotor Therapy Interventions: Partial‐Body Weight−Supported Treadmill, Lokomat, and G‐EO Training in People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Esquenazi Alberto , Lee Stella , Wikoff Amanda , Packel Andrew , Toczylowski Theresa , Feeley John
Published: January 2017

Background

Literature in the application of gait training techniques in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited. Current techniques require multiple staff and are physically demanding. The use of a robotic locomotor training may provide improved training capacity for this population.

Objective

To examine the impact of 3 different modes of locomotor therapy on gait velocity and spatiotemporal symmetry using an end effector robot (G‐EO); a robotic exoskeleton (Lokomat), and manual assisted partial‐body weight–supported treadmill training (PBWSTT) in participants with traumatic brain injury.

Design

Randomized, prospective study.

Setting

Tertiary rehabilitation hospital.

Participants

A total of 22 individuals with ≥12 months chronic TBI with hemiparetic pattern able to walk overground without assistance at velocities between 0.2 and 0.6 m/s.

Intervention

Eighteen sessions of 45 minutes of assigned locomotor training.

Outcome Measures

Overground walking self‐selected velocity (SSV), maximal velocity (MV), spatiotemporal asymmetry ratio, 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and mobility domain of Stroke Impact Scale (MSIS).

Results

Severity in walking dysfunction was similar across groups as determined by walking velocity data. At baseline, participants in the Lokomat group had a baseline velocity that was slightly slower compared with the other groups. Training elicited a statistically significant median increase in SSV for all groups compared with pretraining (Lokomat, P = .04; G‐EO, P = .03; and PBWSTT, P = .02) and MV excluding the G‐EO group (Lokomat, P = .04; PBWSTT, P = .03 and G‐EO, P = .15). There were no pre‐post significant differences in swing time, stance time, and step length asymmetry ratios at SSV or MV for any of the interventions. Mean rank in the change of SSV and MV was not statistically significantly different between groups. Participants in the G‐EO and PBWSTT groups significantly improved their 6MWT posttraining (P = .04 and .03, respectively). The MSIS significantly improved only for the Lokomat group (P = .04 and .03). The data did not elicit between‐groups significant differences for 6MWT and MSIS. There was less use of staff for Lokomat than G‐EO.

Conclusions

Locomotor therapy using G‐EO, Lokomat, or PBWSTT in individuals with chronic TBI increased SSV and MV without significant changes in gait symmetry. Staffing needed for therapy provision was the least for the Lokomat. A larger study may further elucidate changes in gait symmetry and other training parameters.

Level of Evidence

II
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gouty Tophi in the Patellar Tendon Using Ultrasound‐Guided Needle Barbotage: A Case Presentation
Authors: Colberg Ricardo E. , Henderson Rachel G.
Published: January 2017

A 73‐year‐old man presented with nontraumatic debilitating anterior left knee pain. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a partial patellar tendon tear. However, ultrasound imaging revealed multiple small hyperechoic areas with posterior acoustic shadowing with intermixed hypoechoic fluid within the proximal patellar tendon, consistent with gouty tophi. The patient underwent ultrasound‐guided needle barbotage of the tophi. Gout was confirmed by the presence of uric acid crystals in the aspirate. He had immediate pain relief. Ultrasound imaging 6 weeks later demonstrated healing of the tendon without tophi recurrence. At 6‐month follow‐up, the patient remained asymptomatic. This case highlights a rare cause of knee pain, promotes diagnostic ultrasound, and describes a novel treatment technique for intratendinous tophaceous gout.

Level of Evidence

V
Numerical investigation of the fatal 1985 Manchester Airport B737 fire
Authors: Galea E. R. , Wang Z. , Jia F.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, fire and evacuation computer simulations are used to reconstruct the 1985 Manchester Airport B737 fire that resulted in the loss of 55 lives. First the actual fire and evacuation are reconstructed. Secondly, the impact of exit opening times and external wind on the fire and evacuation are investigated. Finally, the potential benefit offered by modern materials is evaluated. The results suggest that the number of fatalities could have been reduced by 87% had the forward right exit not malfunctioned and by 36% had the right over-wing exit been opened without delay. Furthermore, given the fuel pool size and location, a critical wind speed of 1.5m/s is necessary to cause the fire plume to lean onto the fuselage eventually resulting in fuselage burn-through. Finally, it is suggested that the use of modern cabin materials could have made a significant difference to the fire development and survivability.
MODELLING MORTALITY FOR PENSION SCHEMES
Authors: Hunt Andrew , Blake David
Published: January 2017

For many pension schemes, a shortage of data limits their ability to use sophisticated stochastic mortality models to assess and manage their exposure to longevity risk. In this study, we develop a mortality model designed for such pension schemes, which compares the evolution of mortality rates in a sub-population with that observed in a larger reference population. We apply this approach to data from the CMI Self-Administered Pension Scheme study, using U.K. population data as a reference. We then use the approach to investigate the potential differences in the evolution of mortality rates between these two populations and find that, in many practical situations, basis risk is much less of a problem than is commonly believed.
Diabolus in dialectica
Authors: Rush Fred
Published: January 2017

Adorno’s Drei Studien zu Hegel (Hegel: Three Studies, 1963) offers his most focused treatment of what he took to be the core principles of Hegelian dialectic. Moreover, the book professes the central importance of Hegel for Adorno’s own development. As such, it is a pivotal document that simultaneously looks back towards Adorno’s most sustained personal work, Minima Moralia (1951), and ahead to what he took to be his most important systematic work, Negative Dialectics (1966). Adorno’s interpretation of Hegel is critical and unique in both its tone and substance. Although there are many cross-cutting lines of argumentation, the one that stands out is Adorno’s understanding of determinate negation in Hegel and his own suggestion for improving that concept. This paper reconstructs Adorno’s main arguments in this domain, assesses them as interpretations of Hegel and investigates their importance for Adorno’s emerging conception of ‘negative dialectics’.
Protective Factors Contributing to Wellbeing Among Refugee Youth in Australia
Authors: Tozer Meryan , Khawaja Nigar G. , Schweitzer Robert
Published: January 2017

The present study examined protective factors associated with the wellbeing of 93 youth from a refugee background resettled in Brisbane, Australia. Wellbeing was defined as an absence of psychological distress and the presence of subjective wellbeing. Students at Milpera State High School, a special English language school, completed a battery of questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between protective factors and wellbeing, while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The results indicated that higher levels of school connectedness and acculturation were significantly associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Further, higher levels of school connectedness, acculturation and resilience, in addition to having a permanent visa, were significantly associated with higher levels of subjective wellbeing. Notably, 55% of the variance in subjective wellbeing was explained jointly by these factors. School connectedness, acculturation, resilience, and visa certainty were instrumental in enhancing aspects of wellbeing in the present sample of students from a refugee background. Implications for refugee-related policy and strategies in schools, mental health services, and at broader governmental levels are discussed.
The effects of flavanone-rich citrus juice on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow: an acute, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy, young adults
Authors: Lamport Daniel J. , Pal Deepa , Macready Anna L. , Barbosa-Boucas Sofia , Fletcher John M. , Williams Claire M. , Spencer Jeremy P. E. , Butler Laurie T.
Published: January 2017

A plausible mechanism underlying flavonoid-associated cognitive effects is increased cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, behavioural and CBF effects following flavanone-rich juice consumption have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of flavanone-rich juice is associated with acute cognitive benefits and increased regional CBF in healthy, young adults. An acute, single-blind, randomised, cross-over design was applied with two 500-ml drink conditions – high-flavanone (HF; 70·5 mg) drink and an energy-, and vitamin C- matched, zero-flavanone control. A total of twenty-four healthy young adults aged 18–30 years underwent cognitive testing at baseline and 2-h after drink consumption. A further sixteen, healthy, young adults were recruited for functional MRI assessment, whereby CBF was measured with arterial spin labelling during conscious resting state at baseline as well as 2 and 5 h after drink consumption. The HF drink was associated with significantly increased regional perfusion in the inferior and middle right frontal gyrus at 2 h relative to baseline and the control drink. In addition, the HF drink was associated with significantly improved performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test at 2 h relative to baseline and the control drink, but no effects were observed on any other behavioural cognitive tests. These results demonstrate that consumption of flavanone-rich citrus juice in quantities commonly consumed can acutely enhance blood flow to the brain in healthy, young adults. However, further studies are required to establish a direct causal link between increased CBF and enhanced behavioural outcomes following citrus juice ingestion.
Kane and Double on the Principle of Rational Explanation
Authors: CAMPBELL NEIL
Published: January 2017

Using Jaegwon Kim’s framework of explanatory realism versus explanatory irrealism, in addition to some observations about the metaphysics and epistemology of explanation, I re-examine the disagreement between Robert Kane and Richard Double over the principle of rational explanation. I defend Kane’s account of dual rationality and argue that Double’s principle has a narrower range of application than he claims. I also show that, contrary to what Double assumes, Kane’s approach to action explanation does not lapse into a form of explanatory irrealism.
The tectonic evolution of the Bogda region from Late Carboniferous to Triassic time: evidence from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography
Authors: WANG JIALIN , WU CHAODONG , LI ZHUANG , ZHU WEN , ZHOU TIANQI , WU JUN , WANG JUN
Published: January 2017

Field-based mapping, sandstone petrology, palaeocurrent measurements and zircon cathodoluminescence images, as well as detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology were integrated to investigate the provenance of the Upper Carboniferous – Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks from the northern Bogda Mountains, and further to constrain their tectonic evolution. Variations in sandstone composition suggest that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Triassic sediments displayed less sedimentary recycling than the Middle–Upper Triassic sediments. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA-ICP-MS method on zircons from 12 sandstones exhibited similar zircon U–Pb age distribution patterns with major age groups at 360–320 Ma and 320–300 Ma, and with some grains giving ages of > 541 Ma, 541–360 Ma, 300–250 Ma and 250–200 Ma. Coupled with the compiled palaeocurrent data, the predominant sources were the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the North Tianshan and Palaeozoic magmatic rocks of the Yili–Central Tianshan. There was also input from the Bogda Mountains in Middle–Late Triassic time. The comprehensive geological evidence indicates that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian strata were probably deposited in an extensional context which was related to a rift or post-collision rather than arc-related setting. Conspicuously, the large range of U–Pb ages of the detrital zircons, increased sedimentary lithic fragments, fluvial deposits and contemporaneous Triassic zircon ages argue for a Middle–Late Triassic orogenic movement, which was considered to be the initial uplift of the Bogda Mountains.
Microbiology of otitis media in Indigenous Australian children: review
Authors: Jervis-Bardy J , Carney A S , Duguid R , Leach A J
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To review research addressing the polymicrobial aetiology of otitis media in Indigenous Australian children in order to identify research gaps and inform best practice in effective prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Methods:

Literature review.

Results:

Studies of aspirated middle-ear fluid represented a minor component of the literature reviewed. Most studies relied upon specimens from middle-ear discharge or the nasopharynx. Culture-based middle-ear discharge studies have found that non-typeableHaemophilus influenzaeandStreptococcus pneumoniaepredominate, withMoraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pyogenesisolated in a lower proportion of samples.Alloiococcus otitidiswas detected in a number of studies; however, its role in otitis media pathogenesis remains controversial. Nasopharyngeal colonisation is a risk factor for otitis media in Indigenous infants, and bacterial load of otopathogens in the nasopharynx can predict the ear state of Indigenous children.

Conclusion:

Most studies have used culture-based methods and specimens from middle-ear discharge or the nasopharynx. Findings from these studies are consistent with international literature, but reliance on culture may incorrectly characterise the microbiology of this condition. Advances in genomic technologies are now providing microbiologists with the ability to analyse the entire mixed bacterial communities (‘microbiomes’) of samples obtained from Indigenous children with otitis media.
Genetic diversity ofNephtys hombergii(Phyllodocida, Polychaeta) associated with environmental factors in a highly fluctuating ecosystem
Authors: Vasileiadou Katerina , Pavloudi Christina , Camisa Federica , Tsikopoulou Irene , Fragopoulou Nina , Kotoulas Georgios , Arvanitidis Christos
Published: January 2017

Genetic diversity and population distribution are influenced by environmental factors, yet information is scarce on the interrelations that define dispersal of populations. Transitional water ecosystems are hosting habitats with temporally and spatially variable conditions, which make them very useful in understanding the mechanisms affecting population establishment. For the study, seasonal samples were collected from four lagoons in the lagoonal complex of Amvrakikos Gulf (W Greece). The mitochondrial DNA (COI gene) was analysed from polychaetes ofNephtys hombergii, as it is considered an important component of these assemblages and shows great dispersal ability. The results of the genetic analysis showed intraspecific variability in all the lagoons, with genetic structuring tending to follow a seasonal pattern rather than a spatial one. The results of BIOENV analysis indicated correlation of the observed pattern with the water pH levels, the redox potential and the concentration of phosphate in the sediment. The complexity of the network suggested the enhancement of the local population with more recently established haplotypes. The findings of the study support the necessity of designing management strategies by taking into account genetic diversity and population demography approaches in addition to those based on species and habitats.
SRS characteristics and its influence on SBS pulse compression in a fluorocarbon liquid
Authors: Yuan H. , Wang Y. , Lu Z. , Liu Z. , Bai Z. , Liu R. , Cui C. , Zhang H.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the occurrence of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and its effects on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compression in FC-40 are investigated. As the experimental medium, the characteristics of FC-40 are suitable for pulse compression. Firstly, the frequency shifts and the threshold of SRS in FC-40 are studied with a mode-locked laser system as pump source, without taking the SBS effect into account. On the basis of the experimental results, the competition between SRS and SBS as well as its effect on pulse compression is investigated. Results show that SRS gets higher gain and grows rapidly with the increase of the laser intensity by pump effect, which will result in decreasing of SBS energy reflection.
COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE FOR ARRAYS OF ROWWISE NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED RANDOM VARIABLES AND ITS APPLICATION IN NON-PARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODEL
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Xuejun , Sung Soo Hak
Published: January 2017

In this paper, some results on the complete moment convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively associated (NA, for short) random variables are established. The results obtained in this paper correct the corresponding one obtained in Ko [13] and also improve and generalize the corresponding ones of Kuczmaszewska [14] and Ko [13]. As an application of the main results, we present a result on complete consistency for the estimator in a non-parametric regression model based on NA errors. Finally, we provide a numerical simulation to verify the validity of our result.
EXACT ASYMPTOTICS OF SAMPLE-MEAN-RELATED RARE-EVENT PROBABILITIES
Authors: Kuhn Julia , Mandjes Michel , Taimre Thomas
Published: January 2017

Relying only on the classical Bahadur–Rao approximation for large deviations (LDs) of univariate sample means, we derive strong LD approximations for probabilities involving two sets of sample means. The main result concerns the exact asymptotics (asn→∞) of$$ {\open P}\left({\max_{i\in\{1,\ldots,d_x\}}\bar X_{i,n} \les \min_{i\in\{1,\ldots,d_y\}}\bar Y_{i,n}}\right),$$with the${\bar X}_{i,n}{\rm s}$(${\bar Y}_{i,n}{\rm s}$, respectively) denotingdx(dy) independent copies of sample means associated with the random variableX(Y). Assuming${\open E}X \gt {\open E}Y$, this is a rare event probability that vanishes essentially exponentially, but with an additional polynomial term. We also point out how the probability of interest can be estimated using importance sampling in a logarithmically efficient way. To demonstrate the usefulness of the result, we show how it can be applied to compare the order statistics of the sample means of the two populations. This has various applications, for instance in queuing or packing problems.
Close hereditary C*-subalgebras and the structure of quasi-multipliers
Authors: Brown Lawrence G.
Published: January 2017

We answer a question of Takesaki by showing that the following can be derived from the thesis of Shen: if A and B are σ-unital hereditary C*-subalgebras of C such that ‖p – q‖ < 1, where p and q are the corresponding open projections, then A and B are isomorphic. We give some further elaborations and counterexamples with regard to the σ-unitality hypothesis. We produce a natural one-to-one correspondence between complete order isomorphisms of C*-algebras and invertible left multipliers of imprimitivity bimodules. A corollary of the above two results is that any complete order isomorphism between σ-unital C*-algebras is the composite of an isomorphism with an inner complete order isomorphism. We give a separable counterexample to a question of Akemann and Pedersen; namely, the space of quasi-multipliers is not linearly generated by left and right multipliers. But we show that the space of quasi-multipliers is multiplicatively generated by left and right multipliers in the σ-unital case. In particular, every positive quasi-multiplier is of the form T*T for T a left multiplier. We show that a Lie theory consequence of the negative result just stated is that the map sending T to T*T need not be open, even for very nice C*-algebras. We show that surjective maps between σ-unital C*-algebras induce surjective maps on left, right, and quasi-multipliers. (The more significant similar result for multipliers is Pedersen's non-commutative Tietze extension theorem.) We elaborate the relations of the above with continuous fields of Hilbert spaces and in so doing answer a question of Dixmier and Douady. We discuss the relationship of our results to the theory of perturbations of C*-algebras.
An Ecological Approach to Reducing Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use: Canadian Deprescribing Network
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara , Farrell Barbara , Shaw James , Morgan Steve , Trimble Johanna , Currie Janet C. , Turner Justin , Rochon Paula , Silvius James
Published: January 2017

La polypharmacie est en croissance au Canada, ainsi que les effets indésirables des médicaments et les coûts associés à la drogue. Une partie de la solution peut être la déprescription—le processus planifié et contrôlé de la réduction des doses ou la cessation des médicaments qui peuvent nutrient ou qui n’offrent plus d’avantage. La déprescription peut être un processus complexe impliquant des patients, les professionnels de la santé et des facteurs de politique et d’organisation qui peuvent servir comme facilitateurs ou obstacles. Cet article décrit la justification, le fondement théorique et le processus de développement d’un Réseau canadien de dépréscription (ReCaD), un réseau d’individus, d’organisations et de décideurs engagés à promouvoir l’utilisation appropriée des médicaments et des approches non pharmacologiques aux soins parmi les personnes âgées au Canada. ReCaD déploiera plusieurs niveaux d’action à travers des groupes de parties prenantes multiples simultanément dans une approche écologique à l’évolution du système de santé. ReCaD propose un modèle unique qui pourrait être appliqué à la fois dans les contextes nationaux et aux différents défis de transformation dans les soins de santé.