bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimulación nerviosa transcutánea en el manejo del dolor crónico: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Barcia-Mejía Cristina , González-González Yoana , Da Cuña-Carrera Iria , Alonso-Calvete Alejandra
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El dolor crónico es un problema multifactorial que incluye componentes tanto físicos como psicológicos y sociales y conlleva una gran afectación de todos los ámbitos de la vida de quien lo sufre. Una de las técnicas analgésicas más empleadas actualmente es la Electroestimulación Nerviosa Transcutánea (TENS), a pesar de que existe una gran controversia acerca de su efectividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar diferentes estudios sobre los efectos analgésicos del TENS en dolores crónicos.Material y método: Para la realización de este trabajo, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica durante el mes de febrero de 2018 de publicaciones registradas en las bases de datos Medline, Web of Science y Cinahl. Para la ecuación de búsqueda se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation y Chronic pain. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se han obtenido un total de 14 artículos válidos. Existe mucha variedad en cuanto al diseño de cada estudio, tanto en la intervención como en las escalas de valoración utilizadas y en las patologías estudiadas. Esto debería tenerse en cuenta para futuras investigaciones, que permitan realizar estudios cuyos resultados sean determinantes y comparables entre sí. Conclusión: Muchos de los estudios analizados avalan la eficacia del TENS como medida analgésica, incluso a mediano y largo plazo. No obstante, otros demuestran que el TENS como terapia coadyuvante no siempre aporta beneficios adicionales significativos, y no siempre resulta más efectivo que otras técnicas.
Prevalence of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with	classical trigeminal neuralgia with overweight and obesity
Authors: Oseguera-Zavala Betzaida Saraí , Munguía-Rodríguez Aarón Giovanni , Carranza-Rentería Octavio , Flores-Solís María Dolores , Segura-Lozano Mauro Alberto
Published: January 2021

Background: There is a clear association between obesity and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), a syndrome characterized by increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). The clinical manifestations of IHH include headache and visual/oculomotor disorders due to the involvement of abducens nerve. Thus far, it has not been widely studied whether affectations by ICP elevation could involve other cranial nerves such as the trigeminal nerve.Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of elevated ICP in patients with BMI ≥ 25 that suffer vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. Methods: A case series including 19 patients evaluated during a period of 8 months with BMI ≥ 25 and a clinical diagnosis of classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) who underwent Microvascular Decompression (MVD) surgery is reported. Patients with TN presenting another cause of intracranial hypertension were excluded. The ICP was determined just before MVD surgery by introducing an enteral tube through a 2 mm incision in the dura and measuring the level reached by the CSF. Results: In our series, 42.1% of patients suffered overweight (n = 8), 47.3% grade I obesity (n = 9) and 10.5% grade II obesity (n = 2). The ICP was elevated in 47.4% of patients. Conclusion: IHH is an obesity-related disorder. Patients with BMI ≥ 25 and TN show a high prevalence of ICP. It is important to consider that an obese patient may present high ICP during and after MVD surger
Metabolismo y efecto de la deshidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) en el sistema nervioso central
Authors: Márquez-Flores Miguel Ángel , Sandoval Hugo , Pérez-Neri Iván , Ríos Camilo , Diéguez-Campa Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2021

La Deshidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) no solo es un esteroide activo por sí mismo, sino que también genera efectos independientes de receptores nucleares. Paulatinamente, se han obtenido más hallazgos sobre la síntesis de esteroides en el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), observándose que las diferencias con los tejidos endócrinos son menores. Es quizás en esas vías donde se podría encontrar la explicación de los múltiples efectos que puede causar un solo compuesto como la DHEA. Tan solo en el SNC, algunas de sus acciones incluyen neuroprotección, crecimiento de dendritas, apoptosis, síntesis y secreción de catecolaminas, así como funciones antioxidantes, anti-inflamatorias y anti­glucocorticoides. Las variaciones en la concentración sérica de la DHEA se asocian con diversas enfermedades. Esta concentración disminuye con la edad desde su máximo en la juventud hasta su punto más bajo, cuando muchos trastornos del envejecimiento se vuelven notablemente más frecuentes. Tanto la DHEA como sus congéneres pueden actuar por sí mismos o ser metabolizados a otros compuestos activos, aumentando así la complejidad de sus efectos. Por tales motivos, cobra relevancia describir dichas interacciones metabólicas para mejorar la interpretación de los estudios de estos mensajeros.
Whether conservative Nicholas II? The political views of the last autocrat and his political ritual
Authors: Kulikov Sergey
Published: January 2021

For the first time in historiography, the article examines the nature of the political views and political ritual of Nicholas II and the correlation of these factors, which had a decisive influence on the internal political situation of the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The author comes to the conclusion that in modernizing societies, political rituals do not so much reveal, but hide the true political views of the modernizing ruler.
The Effect of Pre-Event Instructions on Eyewitness Identification Stage 2 Registered Report Accepted Manuscript
Authors: Baldassari Mario J. , Moore Kara N. , Hyman Ira , HOPE LORRAINE , Mah Eric , Lindsay D. Stephen , Mansour Jamal K. , Saraiva Renan Benigno , Horry Ruth , Rath Hannah , Palma Tomás A , Cruz Francisco , Quarenta Joana , Van der Cruyssen Ine , Mileva Mila , Jeye Brittany , Wiechert Sera
Published: January 2021

Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants about the nature of event or tasks. At odds with the experience of actual witnesses, some studies use pre-event instructions explicitly warning participants of the upcoming crime and lineup task. Both the basic and applied literature provide reason to believe that pre-event instructions may impact eyewitness identification performance. In Experiment 1, we will test the effect of pre-event instructions on lineup identification decisions and confidence. Participants will receive non-specific pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this video”) or eyewitness pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this crime video, you’ll complete a line-up later”) and complete a culprit absent or present lineup. In Experiment 2, we will manipulate exposure duration and pre-event instructions to determine if pre-event instructions differentially impact high or low quality eyewitness events. If pre-event instructions impact eyewitness identification accuracy, then the findings of existing studies need to be considered in the context of their pre-event instructions and future work will be needed to determine how instructions interact with existing systems and estimator variables.
Ammonoid Taxonomy with Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Foxon Floe
Published: January 2021

Ammonoid identification is crucial to biostratigraphy, systematic palaeontology, and evolutionary biology, but may prove difficult when shell features and sutures are poorly preserved. This necessitates novel approaches to ammonoid taxonomy. This study aimed to taxonomize ammonoids by their conch geometry using supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Ammonoid measurement data (conch diameter, whorl height, whorl width, and umbilical width) were taken from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB). 11 species with ≥50 specimens each were identified providing N=781 total unique specimens. Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machine, and Multilayer Perceptron classifiers were applied to the PBDB data with a 5x5 nested cross-validation approach to obtain unbiased generalization performance estimates across a grid search of algorithm parameters. All supervised classifiers achieved ≥70% accuracy in identifying ammonoid species, with Naive Bayes demonstrating the least over-fitting. The unsupervised clustering algorithms K-Means, DBSCAN, OPTICS, Mean Shift, and Affinity Propagation achieved Normalized Mutual Information scores of ≥0.6, with the centroid-based methods having most success. This presents a reasonably-accurate proof-of-concept approach to ammonoid classification which may assist identification in cases where more traditional methods are not feasible.
Sexual Arousal Discounting: Devaluing Condom-Protected Sex as a Function of Reduced Arousal
Authors: Wongsomboon Val , Cox David J.
Published: January 2021

Sexual discounting is a growing area of research aimed at identifying factors that reduce people’s reported willingness to have safe sex. One commonly reported reason for condom non-use is that a condom reduces sexual arousal. However, researchers have yet to isolate the specific role of sexual arousal using a sexual discounting framework. We extended past research by measuring how sexual arousal reduced people’s willingness to have condom-protected sex (“sexual arousal discounting”: SAD). College students (n = 379; 67.5% females) selected partners they most-wanted and least-wanted to have sex with and were randomized to one of two groups. In one group, participants rated their willingness to have sex with a condom if their own arousal decreased (from 100% to 10%) from condom use. The other group completed the same task except their partner’s arousal decreased from condom use instead of their own. We observed a three-way interaction between arousal levels, most vs. least desirable partners, and self vs. partner groups. Participants’ willingness to have condom-protected sex systematically reduced as a function of sexual arousal. This was observed more with the most (vs. least) desirable partner and in the self-arousal (vs. partner-arousal) group but only when the partner was their least desirable. Men (vs. women) displayed more arousal discounting but only with the most desirable partner. Finally, higher arousal discounting was associated with lower safe-sex self-efficacy and higher reported frequency of unprotected sex in the past three months. This study demonstrates how reduced sexual arousal from condom use can be measured as a factor influencing sexual risk-taking. ***NOTE: This article has been published in Archives of Sexual Behaviorhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01907-4
Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Defaulters in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Azhar S Shamsul , K Nirmal , S Nazarudin , H Rohaizat , A Azimatun Noor , H Rozita
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of defaulters of immunization, and their associated risk factors among children age 12 to 24 months. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all government's maternal child health clinics in District of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire from July to November 2006. Results: The prevalence rate for defaulting immunization was 16.8% from the 315 respondents. Bivariable analysis showed various significant factors associated with defaulters such as mother’s employment status, family mobility, transportation and cost. Nonetheless, multivariable analysis showed only mother’s age, mother employment status and family size were the significant predictors for defaulting immunization. Immunization that had the highest rate of defaulters was DPT–OPV booster dose (56.6%), followed by MMR immunization (43.4 %) and DPT-Hib/OPV and Hep B third dose (37.7%).Conclusion: Employed mothers with bigger family size should be more closely monitored and advised to reduce the chance of defaulting on the immunization. Health promotion activities also should focus to these groups of mothers.
The Dimensions of Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenia: Association with Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life
Authors: V Janaki , W Suzaily , AR Abdul Hamid , Z Hazli , MN Azmawati
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Auditory hallucination (AH) is often unexplored in depth in clinical practice. This study sought to ascertain the relationship between AH, depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) and its association with socio-demographic and clinical variables. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in a psychiatry unit involving 60 schizophrenic patients between 18 to 60 years old. Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale – Auditory Hallucination subscale (PSYRATS-AH), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were used as instruments. Results: Alcohol intake was found to be significantly associated with the severity of AH. A significant moderate positive correlation was found between AH total score and CDSS (r=0.53, p<0.001) and moderately high correlation between emotional characteristics subscale with CDSS (r=0.651, p<0.005). The PSYRATS-AH dimensions; amount of distress (r=0.721, p<0.001) and intensity of distress (r=0.757, p<0.001) showed significant high correlation with CDSS. As for QOL, frequency of AH (r=-0.419, p<0.01) and CDSS (r=0.435, p<0.01) showed significant moderate negative correlation, while duration, loudness, amount and intensity of distress, disruption to life and controllability of voices had significant fair correlation with QOL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the frequency of AH (p=0.047), controllability of AH (p=0.027) and depressive symptoms (p=0.001) significantly predict QOL. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that each dimension of AH had different contributions towards depressive symptoms and the QOL in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, appropriate treatment focusing on the specific dimension of AH not only may reduce depressive symptoms, but may also improve QOL of these patients.
Derivation of A New Bioscore for Predicting Mortality in Sepsis
Authors: WFWM Shukeri , A Md-Ralib , MB Mat-Nor
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of clinically feasible and reliable method for discriminating outcome in sepsis. We aimed to derive a new bioscore for predicting mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis using a combination of biomarkers and clinical indexes. Materials and Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a prospective study involving 159 patients with sepsis admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Data for key variables considered for possible inclusion in the score were collected, which included: age, sex, source of admission, comorbidities, microorganism, bacteraemia, site of infection, septic shock status, baseline Simplified Acute Physiological Score II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (total and organ sub-scores), C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Approximate quintiles of each variable were given points as per the strength of their association with 30-day mortality. Results: In accordance with the statistical significance in the logistic regression analysis, the final score utilised candidate variables of age, central nervous system and liver SOFA sub-scores and IL-6. The bioscore predicted 30-day mortality with a very good performance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.814 (95% confidence interval 0.745-0.871, p< 0.0001)] in our sepsis cohort. A bioscore greater than 4 predicted 30-day mortality with 80.4% sensitivity, 69.9% specificity, 2.67 positive likelihood ratio and 0.28 negative likelihood ratio. As the score increased, so did mortality rate. Conclusion: A new bioscore combining age, central nervous system and liver SOFA sub-scores and IL-6 measured on ICU admission potentially improves prediction of mortality in sepsis. Further study is warranted to prospectively validate the clinical utility of this bioscore in risk-stratifying patients with suspected sepsis.
Stage IV Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting with Eyelid Swelling
Authors: Chong Soh Yee , Ho Shu Fen , ST Khairy-Shamel
Published: January 2021

Burkitt lymphoma is a rare and aggressive tumour which predominantly affects children. We report a case of Stage IV Burkitt lymphoma (non-endemic type) in a 5-year-old immunocompetent Malay child who initially presented with left upper eyelid swelling. Clinical examination revealed a soft solid swelling over the left upper lid, extending temporally up to the lacrimal gland. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a homogenous mass of soft tissue density with intracranial and left orbital involvement. Incisional biopsy of the mass revealed histological changes suggestive of B lymphoblastic lymphoma or leukemia. She was treated with 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Post chemotherapy, the left temporal and upper eye lid swelling subsided. Clinicians need to be on alert when encountering children with eyelid swelling, as this could be an initial presenting feature of Burkitt lymphoma without other systemic symptoms. A delay in diagnosis can lead to aggressive orbital involvement followed by permanent visual loss.
Outcome of Delayed Decompression Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Case Report
Authors: SM Lim , J Johari , MI Yusof
Published: January 2021

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a constellation of symptoms which consist of low back pain, sciatica, saddlearea paraesthesia, urinary or faecal incontinence, with or without motor weakness, and sensory deficit. Surgical decompression is indicated as soon as possible, as decompression within 48 hours from onset allows maximum improvement of symptoms. Recovery usually occurs months or years postoperatively. We report a case of a patient with cauda equina syndrome secondary to massive lumbar disc herniation who had undergone urgent decompression one week after onset of urinary and bowel dysfunction. The clinical outcome post surgery was also discussed.
Mnemonic and Histopathological Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Murraya Koenigii Leaves Extract in Rats with Partial Global Cerebral Ischaemia
Authors: Azzubaid Marwan Saad , Al-Ani Imad M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Preclinical studies have reported that Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) could enhance memory. MKL is also known for its antioxidant activity. The current study was to assess the possible neuroprotective potential of MKL methanolic extract in a two vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model of partial global cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Rats were divided into memory and learning groups. Each group was subdivided into sham control, untreated 2VO and MKL-treated 2VO subgroups. The Morris water maze test was implemented to assess the rats’ cognitive function postoperatively. Brain samples were histopathologically examined for viable neurons within the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: Water maze test findings showed that MKL positively improved memory and learning impairments. However, this improvement in memory test for the treated group was still significantly inferior to that of the healthy control group. Additionally, MKL treated group exhibited insignificant difference in the number of viable hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from that of the untreated 2VO group, whereas both MKL treated and untreated 2VO groups showed significantly less viable neurons when compared with the control group. Conclusion: MKL extract modestly improved memory without providing substantial neuroprotective action to the hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic partial global cerebral ischaemia.
A 5-year review of malaria surveillance in Kuching, Sarawak
Authors: Y Haironi , MD Kamaliah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Malaria is endemic in Sarawak contributing to the highest incidence rate in Malaysia. Kuching division consists of three main areas, namely Kuching district, Lundu and Bau. This review aims to highlight the trends of malaria over the past five years in terms of demographic characteristics and vector control programmes and to identify factors that contribute to the difficulty in malaria control programme in this state. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive review of malaria cases based on surveillance data compiled from 2000 to 2004. Data is analysed based on demographic background, malaria species, type of malaria infection and vector control activities between the three districts. Results: Lundu has the highest average 5-year incidence rate per 10,000 population of 121.97 as compared to the national figure of 4.10. Malaria is more prevalent in males (14.3%) than females (5.7%). Among the race, Dayaks had the highest prevalence rate (66.5%). Peak age affected is between 15 to 40 years. The predominant species was Plasmodium vivax (65.4%) followed by Plasmodium falciparum (32.8%). For occupation, the majority of cases were among villagers (55.2%) followed by foreign workers (19.0%). Cases were detected mainly by passive case detection (82.7%) and blood film for malarial parasites was positive in 2.67%. For malaria control activities, focal spraying were successfully done in 94.4% of the structures, regular spraying in 89.5% structures, impregnated bednet distribution among 38.2% population and mass drug administration distributed among 80.7% of the population. Conclusion: Results analysis has shown that the incidence rate of malaria in Kuching division is very high, particularly in Lundu district. Although activities conducted by the malaria control programme is sufficient, it has not been able to successfully reduce the incidence of malaria in this region. Problems identified include difficulty in accessing the affected areas, movements of illegal immigrants, financial constraints and lack of training of field staff involved in malaria control. Recommendations include integrating malaria control measures with cross border agents, community participation, aggressive surveillance programmes and improvement of vector control.
Monoamniotic Twin Pregnancy; is There a Need for Frequent Fetal-Doppler Surveillance?
Authors: A Suhaiza , CY Che Anuar , NL Nik Zuky , A Mokhtar
Published: January 2021

Monoamniotic twin pregnancy is a rare type of twin pregnancy which poses risk of cord entanglement and sudden death of either one or both fetuses. The role of antenatal surveillance by Ultrasound Doppler for umbilical cord and ultrasonic evidence of cord entanglement or knotting may predict the pregnancy outcome but yet unavoidable. The discussion will include antenatal surveillance in this rare type of pregnancy.
Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Kharisma Bayu , Hanifah Hani
Published: January 2021

Income inequality is one of the problems that must be addressed immediately because it can have an impact on economic inefficiency and weaken the stability of social solidarity. One of the policies that can reduce income inequality is fiscal decentralization implementation. Specifically, this study aimed to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on income inequality in regencies and cities in West Java. The model used in this research was a fixed effect panel data regression. Fiscal decentralization was measured by adding the total regional revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD) to revenue sharing (Dana Bagi Hasil /DBH) and divided by the total regency and city expenditure. Income inequality was measured by using the Gini Ratio. The results indicated that fiscal decentralization could reduce income inequality in regencies and cities in West Java. The reason was that, through decentralization, local government could manage their finance and affect the welfare level. In addition, local government could also implement certain policies to increase the potential of each region.
Reformasi Administrasi di Korea Selatan: Sebuah Pembelajaran Kesuksesan
Authors: Seno Ramadhani Haryo
Published: January 2021

This research examined the strategy and process of administrative reform in South Korea. The method was using a descriptive qualitative approach with analysis of literature study from secondary data. The results showed that there were six strategies in South Korea administrative reform, i.e.: (1) downsizing; (2) deregulations; (3) reorganization; (4) administrative efficacy; (5) debureaucratization; and (6) decentralization. Downsizing was applied to shrink government institutions in every regime. Deregulations was applied through business privatization and economic liberalization to escape from economic crisis. Reorganization was applied by merging several government institutions to improve the communication process and public service. Administrative efficacy was applied through utilizing and improving e-government in public service. Debureaucratization was applied toward civil servants to promote professional and competent bureaucrats. Decentralization was applied to shorten the decision making process and create contextual local-government policy.
Menuju Pemerintahan Elektronik Yang Transformatif Pratiwi
Authors: Pratiwi Pratiwi
Published: January 2021

Sejak kampanye 2019, pemerintahan Jokowi telah menggalakan visi Indonesia digital melayani. Visi tersebut telah dibidani dengan Peraturan Presiden No. 95 tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik yang mengatur Rencana Induk SPBE Nasional dan integrasi layanan elektronik. Sistem pemerintahan elektronik yakni transformasi pelayanan publik baik secara internal dan eksternal melalui teknis operasional tupoksi dan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dan partisipasi dalam pemerintahan (Salleh & Ahmad, 2006). Meski demikian, sejak virus korona ditetapkan sebagai pandemi pada pertengahan Maret 2020 lalu, beberapa pelayanan publik seperti sistem belajar mengajar dan pengajuan izin dilakukan dari jarak jauh atau menggunakan piranti digital. Meski demikian, banyak instansi pemerintah yang mengakui bahwa beberapa pengguna layanan tidak dapat mengakses piranti digital karena keterbatasan infrastruktur dan kemampuan menggunakanya (Walton & Rahemtulla, 2020). Selain itu, penerapan pelayanan publik elektronik atau e-government di Indonesia juga mengalami sejumlah tantangan antara lain perbaikannya yang masih tergantung pada dukungan finansial dan budaya birokrasi yang kurang mendukung (Aritonang, 2017). Permasalahan keramahan pada pengguna juga telah diprediksi sebelumnya (Sukmasetya, Santoso, & Sensuse, 2018).
幼儿绘画对幼儿的影响
Authors: 吴 晓莉
Published: January 2021

由于素质教育的推出,人们重视对幼儿的培养,但是没有从幼儿的发育规律和自身发育情况出发,导致幼儿的想象力受到限制,本文通过对教育情况的研究和总结,发现绘画有助于右脑的发育,幼儿园该怎么将幼儿绘画更好地发挥超越绘画本身的意义。
学前教育专业美术课程中的简笔画学习
Authors: 徐 艳
Published: January 2021

人们通过视觉获取的信息往往更加直观、形象,易于理解,在中高职教育教学中,尤其是学前教育专业的小朋友,对简笔画的运用非常的重要。然而,图像化的信息接受起来更加轻松,简单明了,符合小朋友的认知心理。在教学过程中能更好地融入课堂,小朋友课堂参与性更高,集中注意力,课堂记忆更为深刻,有助于各项教学活动的开展。
超声检查在急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用价值分析
Authors: 谭 红荣
Published: January 2021

目的：探讨超声检查在急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取2018年5月～2019年6月我院收治的60例疑似急性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象,患者均给予超声、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)检查,以手术病理诊断为金标准,比较两种检查方式的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度、灵敏度、特异度。结果：手术病理诊断急性阑尾炎阳性55例,阴性5例；超声检查的准确度为85.00%(51/60),高于CT检查的70.00%(42/60),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论：超声检查在急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用价值显著,准确性较高,值得推广。
Pengaruh Belanja Modal Dan Belanja Pegawai Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah
Authors: Defitri Siska Yulia
Published: January 2021

Tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah merupakan kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam membiayai sendiri kegiatan pemerintahan, pembangunan, dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sesuai dengan asas desentralisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh belanja modal dan belanja pegawai terhadap tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten dan Kota di Sumatera Barat. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di Provinsi sumatera barat, dengan metode pengumpulan data studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial belanja modal berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah, sedangkan belanja pegawai tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah pada kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Faktor belanja modal dan belanja pegawai dalam menentukan pengaruh tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah di Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2016-2017 hanya 12,5%. Hasil ini menunjukkan rendahnya kontribusi belanja modal dan belanja daerah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan daerah untuk menghasilkan pendapatan asli daerah di provinsi Sumatera Barat
Analisis Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Operating Capacity, Sales Growth Terhadap Kondisi Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2018
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Susetyo Aris
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, operating capacity dan sales growth terhadap financial distress. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2018. Jumlah pengamatan sebanyak 172 sampel penelitian yang diperoleh dengan metode nonprobability sampling yaitu teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi profitabilitas maka dapat menekan terjadinya kondisi financial distress. (2) Likuiditas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar adanya ketersediaan atau kecukupan dana untuk memenuhi kewajibannya, maka semakin kecil kemungkinan perusahaan mengalami kondisi financial distress yang mengakibatkan pada kebangkrutan. (3) Operating Capacity berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin rendah penjualan perusahaan yang diakibatkan dengan penggunaan aset yang tidak efektif untuk kegiatan operasional, maka perusahaan akan rentan terhadap kondisi financial distress. (4) Sales growth tidak berpengaruh terhadap kondisi financial distress. Koefisien determinasi Nagelkerke R Square sebesar 0,734 yang berarti kemampuan variabel penelitian yang diproksikan dengan return on asset, current ratio, total asset turnover ratio dan sales growth menjelaskan variabel prediksi financial distress sebesar 73.4%. Sisanya sebesar 26.6% merupakan faktor lain di luar model penelitian.
Importancia de la estadística matemática en el proceso de administración de empresas
Authors: Duardo Ruiz Yerandy
Published: January 2021

La investigación que se presenta tiene el objetivo de diseñar un sistema de indicadores que midan la eficiencia de los costos de producción. Se analizaron once variables que permitieron determinar los meses y productos más eficientes, así como las mejoras potenciales de cada uno de los elementos que los componen. Los exámenes efectuados se auxiliaron en herramientas económico-matemática: el Análisis Envolvente de Datos y el análisis de los componentes principales. El primero de ellos, permitió determinar en valores los porcentajes de eficiencia de los meses y productos, mientras el segundo, determinó las variables más representativas dentro del sistema. Ambos instrumentos estadísticos se aplicaron mediante el uso de programas informáticos, el SPSS v22.0 y el Frontier Analyst v4. Los resultados obtenidos facilitan que en los procesos de toma de decisiones los administradores y especialistas de las empresas puedan seleccionar aquellas variantes o alternativas que favorezcan la optimización de los recursos humanos y materiales en los procesos productivos.
Efecto del tratamiento de cocción sobre las propiedades funcionales y morfometría granular de harina de camote (ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Anchundia L Miguel Ángel , Jácome Cedillo Christiam Javier , Chamorro Hernández Liliana
Published: January 2021

Con la finalidad de ofrecer una alternativa para la pérdida postcosecha del camote, fueron preparadas harinas por cocción en autoclave y en marmita, caracterizadas funcional y morfológicamente mediante la interpretación de curvas amilográficas y observación de los gránulos de almidón al microscopio óptico. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p≤0,05) en los parámetros funcionales debido a los tratamientos térmicos aplicados; en la harina cocida en autoclave, la temperatura inicial de gelatinización, viscosidad máxima e índice de estabilidad disminuyeron; mientras que el índice de asentamiento aumento. Con respecto a la morfometría de los gránulos de almidón, la forma predominante en la harina cruda de camote fue la esférica, con una frecuencia de 37%, con tamaño intermedio entre 3 y 5,65 mm. Hubo una reducción del 44% de los gránulos presentes en la harina tratada por cocción en autoclave y del 33% en harina cocida en marmita. De acuerdo con las características funcionales obtenidas se puede recomendar la incorporación de harinas de camote en la formulación y elaboración de alimentos poco viscosos, con buena estabilidad al calentamiento constante y agitación y que requieran de condiciones de refrigeración y congelación, tales como salsas, bebidas, postres, entre otros.
Comunidad de arañas asociadas al romero en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá
Authors: Collantes Ruben Darío , Jerkovic Maricsa
Published: January 2021

Las arañas son artrópodos de importancia en los agroecosistemas, por servir como indicadores de la calidad ambiental, además del rol que pueden desempeñar como agentes de control biológico de algunas especies de insectos plaga en plantas de interés. Adicionalmente, especies arbustivas como Salvia rosmarinus (L.), comúnmente conocida como romero, suelen ser utilizadas como cercas vivas, encontrándose colindantes con cultivos de importancia como las hortalizas; siendo Cerro Punta la principal zona productora de dichos rubros en el país. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en conocer la comunidad de arañas asociadas al romero en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos aleatorios en plantas de romero, situadas en diferentes sitios de Cerro Punta. Las arañas fueron observadas, fotografiadas, colectadas e identificadas, con apoyo de literatura especializada. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, el 57% de las arañas encontradas correspondió a la especie Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775), 36% fueron individuos de Leucauge venusta (Walkenaer, 1841) y 7% correspondió a una especie del género Nephila. Adicionalmente, se observó en las telarañas de especímenes adultos capturados del Suborden Homoptera. Se concluye que, la comunidad de arañas asociadas al romero en Cerro Punta, está representada por al menos tres géneros de arañas, las cuales pueden contribuir con el balance natural de la entomofauna asociada al agroecosistema.
Modelos de pronóstico de caudales mensuales en el río Shullcas (Huancayo - Perú) con redes neuronales artificiales
Authors: Reyes Rodríguez Toribio Marcos , Asís López Maximiliano Epifanio
Published: January 2021

El recurso hídrico en la subcuenca del río Shullcas es escaso en cantidad, calidad y oportunidad; el abastecimiento de agua potable para los pobladores de la ciudad de Huancayo se realiza con las aguas de este río y para su gestión es necesario realizar estimaciones de la oferta hídrica futura empleando diferentes métodos de pronóstico. El trabajo de investigación consistió en la estimación de caudales mensuales con modelos de redes neuronales artificiales con el objetivo de obtener modelos de pronóstico de caudales mensuales para el río Shullcas en la estación de Chamisería en función de las precipitaciones y evapotranspiraciones mensuales. La metodología consistió de cinco etapas: 1) se construyó el polígono de Thiessen para estimar las precipitaciones mensuales y temperaturas medias representativas de la subcuenca del río Shullcas; 2) se detectaron y corrigieron datos pluviométricos e hidrométricos mensuales fuera de intervalo; 3) se generaron las temperaturas medias mensuales para la estación de Huaytapallana, considerando el gradiente término determinado por la ANA y las precipitaciones mensuales para la estación de Huaytapallana correspondientes a los años 2014 a 2019 por el método de la razón normal; 4) se caracterizaron las precipitaciones mensuales y temperaturas medias mensuales de las estaciones meteorológicas de Santa Ana y Huaytapallana, a través de ajuste funcional a la serie de Fourier; 5)finalmente se empleó redes neuronales de tipo multilayer perceptrón (MLP) y radial basis function (RBF) para generar los modelos de pronóstico de los caudales mensuales en la estación hidrométrica de Chamisería en la subcuenca Shullcas y se validaron con el coeficiente de determinación (R2), el error cuadrático medio (RMSE), y la raíz de la media cuadrática (RMS). Los resultados indican que los modelos generados con redes neuronales multilayer perceptrón tienenmayor potencia predictiva según los coeficientes de determinación (R2) de 0; 947 y 0; 857 respectivamente.
Efecto de tres dosis de materia orgánica con la inoculación de microorganismos mejoradores del suelo en el rendimiento del cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoaWill.), variedad Pasankalla, en centro poblado de Huanchac, Independencia-Ancash
Authors: Osorio Torre Yomer , Vasquez Cruz Walter , Ramirez Maldonado José
Published: January 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de tres dosis de materia orgánica con la inoculación de microorganismos mejoradores del suelo en el rendimiento del cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Will.), variedad Pasankalla, la dosis óptima de materia orgánica, el rendimiento y análisis económico. Se utilizó diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con cuatro bloques y cinco tratamientos (T0 = Testigo, T1 = 10Tn/ha de M.O. + Microorganismos, T2 = 20 Tn/ha de M.O. + Microorganismos, T3 = 30 Tn/ha de M.O. + Microorganismos y T4 = 158 N -109 P2O5 - 117 K2O Kg/ha). Se evaluaron los parámetros de porcentaje de germinación, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, inducción de panoja, biomasa, peso de 1000 granos, rendimiento y análisis económico. En conclusión se encontró que aplicando 20 Tn/ha de M.O. + Microorganismo (300 g/ha de Tricho-D + 1 L/ha de Bacthon) se obtuvo 64,48% de rentabilidad, con beneficio costo de 1,82 soles y siendo el testigo el de menor rentabilidad, 12,50 % y menor beneficio costo de 0,10 soles.
La integración social: Un desafío en la política de desarrollo local sostenible en la parroquia urbana la providencia del cantón Machala
Authors: Granda Granda Alba Violeta , Carriel Bustamante Viviana Verónica , Castillo Ortega Yonimiler
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito establecer las políticas que permitan lograr el desarrollo local sostenible orientado a la integración social en la parroquia urbana La Providencia del cantón Machala. Para cuyo efecto participaron dirigentes de 22 barrios urbano marginales de la parroquia, así como también jefes departamentales del GAD cantonal de Machala entre las técnicas de investigación que se aplicaron fueron el cuestionario, la entrevista y la observación, mismas que se aplicaron mediante instrumentos estructurados (guía de entrevista, boleta de encuesta y guía de observación) así como también técnicas bibliográficas para la fundamentación teórica del objeto de estudio. En el estudio se demuestra que a pesar de la existencia de políticas públicas orientadas a través de  normativas tales como: Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomías y Descentralización (COOTAD), Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (PDyOT), instrumentos legales y técnicos encaminadas a lograr el bienestar de sus habitantes, este último, elaborado por el GAD cantonal de Machala, dichas normas se implementan más por cumplir con las exigencias de los organismos de control, que por lograr  el verdadero bienestar de su territorio. En ese sentido la planificación obedece a la visión política del gobernante de turno, en una especie de clientelismo político descuidando las verdaderas necesidades de los habitantes del sector objeto de estudio, situación que se evidencia en la carencia de servicios básicos e infraestructura comunitaria como se describe en el presente artículo, consecuentemente continua siendo un desafío para la ciudad de Machala particularmente en la parroquia La providencia lograr una integración social que garantice el acceso a todos los barrios a servicios necesarios para mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes.
Intrapleural Streptokinase in Parapneumonic / Complicated Pleural Effusion/Empyema: Experience in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Shakibur , Sarkar Probir Kumar , Zaman Khandakar Ashikur , Akand Nabila , Md Kamruzzaman -
Published: January 2021

Background: Parapneumonic effusion/complicated pleural effusion/empyema thoracis in children causes significant morbidity. Standard treatment of pleural effusion includes tube drainage and antibiotics. But the tube drainage often fails. Intrapleural Streptokinase has been used in empyema thoracis as well as complicated pleural effusion with good success rate. Though its efficacy is documented in Western literatures and textbooks, there are no clinical trials in children has been reported from Bangladesh.

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of intra-pleural Streptokinase in the management of Parapneumonic effusion / complicated pleural effusion/ empyema thoracis even in advanced stages.

Patients and Methods: A total of 3 patients with parapneumonic effusion requiring intercostal tube drainage, aged 4 year 6 month to twelve years were included in the study who were admitted in Pediatric respiratory medicine unit in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Intercostal chest tube drain was given in all patients and inj: Streptokinase (10,000 units/kg/dose) was instilled into the pleural cavity and kept the Streptokinase for 4 hour in pleural cavity. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, after unclamping and serial chest ultrasounds and subsequent chest radiography.

Results: Streptokinase enhanced drainage of pleural fluid and complete resolution of effusion in all the 3 patients.

Conclusions: Intrapleural Streptokinase is the preferred treatment for treating pediatric empyema/parapneumonic effusion/complicated pleural effusion even in advanced stages and can avoid surgery.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (2) :104-108
A Case Report on a Rare Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome: Dyskeratosis Congenita.
Authors: Karim Md Anwarul , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub , Kaes Md Imrul , Ahmed Khondaker Mobasher
Published: January 2021

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare type of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFs) characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Accelerated telomere shortening is supposed to be the causal mechanism of this disease. Features of ectodermal dysplasia appears early and may give clues of suspicion of forthcoming bone marrow disease. It has variable presentation and severe form of disease presents earlier. This a case report on a 2 year 2-month old boy who presented with features of bone marrow failure and had abnormality of skin, nail and oral mucosa.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (2) :122-125
INFLASI, TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DAN DAYA BELI MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Hidayati Nanda , Maskuri Muh.Ali
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan inflasi, tingkat pengangguran, dan daya beli masyarakat di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel pada tahun 2016 - 2018 yang diperoleh dari BPS dan BAPPEDA. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi dan tingkat pengangguran memiliki pengaruh terhadap daya beli masyarakat di Kabupaten Bogor. Hal ini mengandung arti bahwa apabila inflasi dan tingkat pengangguran meningkat maka akan menurunkan daya beli masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan bahwa pemerintah harus tetap mengontrol dan menjaga tingkat inflasi. Ekonomi harus tetap dipacu pertumbuhannya. Tingkat pengangguran harus diturunkan setiap tahun.
Considerações sobre a Lei nº 13.465/2017 e os possíveis efeitos em relação à política de Reforma Agrária no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Renato de Carvalho , Oliveira Marcelo Romarco Leles de
Published: January 2021

Em 2017, o Congresso Nacional Brasileiro converteu a Medida Provisória nº 759 (MP 759) na Lei nº 13.465, ditada pelo Governo Federal, cujo texto trata, entre outros temas, da questão fundiária rural e urbana e sobre a regularização fundiária no âmbito da Amazônia Legal. Essa legislação tem sido alvo de fortes críticas por vários movimentos sociais e entidades ligadas à luta pela terra, tanto por suas possíveis inconstitucionalidades quanto pela fragilização de políticas públicas estabelecidas nas últimas décadas, pois alegam tratar-se, dentre vários pontos, de uma lei que beneficia o mercado imobiliário especulativo, a grilagem e a reconcentração de terras da Reforma Agrária. O objetivo do presente artigo é trazer ao debate alguns elementos históricos e recentes sobre a luta pela terra no Brasil, bem como discorrer sobre os possíveis efeitos e repercussões da referida Lei, em especial no âmbito da política de Reforma Agrária no Brasil.
Methodology of Scientific Reseacrh Programmes Imre Lakatos: Implikasi Terhadap Studi dan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Assya'bani Ridhatullah
Published: January 2021

The development of the scientific world and human thought patterns are increasing, starting from something abstract to something real and can be proven. Along with these developments, positivistic epistemology has mastered the science and the study of the philosophy of science in almost all regions. Thus giving birth to new paradigms and discoveries. Even so, there are still several problems. With this remaining problem, it gave birth to thinkers in the twentieth century who wanted new studies in the philosophy of science, such as Karl R. Poper (1902-1994) with three main themes, namely, the issue of induction, problems and standards and problems of the third world, and Thoma S. Kuhn (1922-1996) came up with a revolutionary idea of science which was marked by the process of shifting the old paradigm to the new one. But in between, Imre Lakatos comes with the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs which contains several important elements, first, the Core Program (hard-core), which is the basis of the Lakatos methodology which is the initial assumption of research or scientific research that cannot be replaced or modified. Second, the protective circle (protective belt), this function is to withstand various attacks, testing and obtaining adjustments, even changes, and understanding, to defend the hardcore. Third, a series of theories, namely the relationship between the theory and the next theory, which is the result of the auxiliary clauses added from the previous theory. These three elements have their respective duties and roles in developing science. So in general it can be said that the benefits of a research program are determined by the extent to which scientists can develop findings or even become useless.Keywords: Research Program Methodology, Islamic Studies, Islamic Education