bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berufstätige Personen mit gleichzeitiger Erziehungs- und Pflegeverantwortung
Authors: Bauernschmidt Dorothee
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Aufgrund der demographischen Veränderungen mit einer höheren Lebenserwartung, der späteren Familiengründung und der steigenden Berufstätigkeit von Frauen werden Personen im mittleren Lebensalter zunehmend mit Sorgeerfordernissen der jüngeren und älteren Generation konfrontiert, die sie mit einer Erwerbstätigkeit vereinbaren. Ziel: Ziel ist es, einen Überblick über den Erkenntnisstand zu berufstätigen Personen mit gleichzeitiger Erziehungsverantwortung für minderjährige Kinder und Pflegeverantwortung für pflegebedürftige Angehörige zu geben. Methoden: Die Datenbanken MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, GeroLit, CC Med, SOWIPORT Gesis, PsycINFO und BASE wurden ohne zeitliche Eingrenzung nach deutsch- und englischsprachigen Studien durchsucht, die unabhängig vom Studiendesign in das Scoping Review aufgenommen wurden. Ergebnisse: Eingeschlossen wurden 85 Studien, die in westlichen Ländern durchgeführt wurden. Die Forschungsaktivitäten konzentrieren sich auf Nordamerika, während Befunde aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum nur in begrenztem Umfang vorliegen. Fast 70 % der Studien folgen einem quantitativen Studiendesign. Es werden Fragestellungen zu den Auswirkungen der multiplen Rollenübernahme sowie zur Vereinbarkeit der unterschiedlichen Lebensbereiche untersucht und überwiegend rollentheoretische Bezugsrahmen verwendet. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Übersicht zeigt sich, dass die Thematik im deutschsprachigen Raum bislang wenig beachtet wurde. Die methodischen Limitierungen und die mangelnde theoretische Differenziertheit der Studien führten zu teilweise widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen. Zukünftige Forschung sollte deshalb die Komplexität dieser Lebenssituation im methodischen Vorgehen und in der theoretischen Fundierung berücksichtigen.
Diversion of Flow and Sediment Toward a Side Channel Separated From a River by a Longitudinal Training Dam
Authors: de Ruijsscher T. V. , Vermeulen B. , Hoitink A. J. F.
Published: May 2020

A human‐made entrance to a side channel separated from the river by a longitudinal training dam can be considered a new, emergent type of river bifurcation. To understand the processes controlling the diversion of flow and sediment toward the side channel at such bifurcations, a comprehensive field monitoring program was performed in the Waal River, which is the main branch of the Rhine River in the Netherlands. Local processes govern the flow field in the bifurcation region. The angle between the main river flow and the flow into the side channel increases with decreasing lateral and longitudinal distance to the bifurcation point, which corresponds to the head of the training dam. The general flow pattern can be well reproduced with a uniform depth, potential flow model consisting of a superposition of main channel flow and lateral outflow. For submerged flow conditions over the sill, the side channel hydraulic conditions influence the exchange processes, yet free flow side weir theory describes the flow field at this bifurcation type qualitatively well. The vertical flow structure in the side channel, which governs the sediment exchange between the main channel and the side channel, is steered by the geometrical details of the sill. The presence of the sill structure is key to controlling the morphological stability of this type of bifurcation given its primary influence on bed load sediment import and exerts an indirect impact on suspended sediment exchange.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with sub-micron sized contrast agents detects insulitis in mouse models of type1 diabetes
Authors: Ramirez David G. , Abenojar Eric , Hernandez Christopher , Lorberbaum David S. , Papazian Lucine A. , Passman Samantha , Pham Vinh , Exner Agata A. , Benninger Richard K. P.
Published: May 2020

In type1 diabetes (T1D) autoreactive T-cells infiltrate the islets of Langerhans, depleting insulin-secreting β-cells (insulitis). Insulitis arises during an asymptomatic phase, prior to clinical diagnosis of T1D. Methods to diagnose insulitis and β-cell mass changes during this asymptomatic phase are limited, precluding early therapeutic intervention. During T1D the islet microvasculature increases permeability, allowing nanoparticles to access the microenvironment. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) uses shell-stabilized gas bubbles to provide acoustic backscatter in vasculature. Here, we report that sub-micron sized ‘nanobubble’ ultrasound contrast agents can be used to measure increased islet microvasculature permeability and indicate asymptomatic T1D. Through CEUS and histological analysis, pre-clinical models of T1D show accumulation of nanobubbles specifically within pancreatic islets, correlating with insulitis. Importantly, accumulation is detected early in disease progression and decreases with successful therapeutic intervention. Thus, sub-micron sized nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents provide a predicative marker for disease progression and therapeutic reversal early in asymptomatic T1D.
Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh aquifers exacerbated by clay layers
Authors: Mihajlov Ivan , Mozumder M. Rajib H. , Bostick Benjamín C. , Stute Martin , Mailloux Brian J. , Knappett Peter S. K. , Choudhury Imtiaz , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Schlosser Peter , van Geen Alexander
Published: May 2020

Confining clay layers typically protect groundwater aquifers against downward intrusion of contaminants. In the context of groundwater arsenic in Bangladesh, we challenge this notion here by showing that organic carbon drawn from a clay layer into a low-arsenic pre-Holocene (>12 kyr-old) aquifer promotes the reductive dissolution of iron oxides and the release of arsenic. The finding explains a steady rise in arsenic concentrations in a pre-Holocene aquifer below such a clay layer and the repeated failure of a structurally sound community well. Tritium measurements indicate that groundwater from the affected depth interval (40–50 m) was recharged >60 years ago. Deeper (55–65 m) groundwater in the same pre-Holocene aquifer was recharged only 10–50 years ago but is still low in arsenic. Proximity to a confining clay layer that expels organic carbon as an indirect response to groundwater pumping, rather than directly accelerated recharge, caused arsenic contamination of this pre-Holocene aquifer.
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for CO2 reduction on nickel single atom catalysts from quantum mechanics
Authors: Hossain Md Delowar , Huang Yufeng , Yu Ted H. , Goddard III William A. , Luo Zhengtang
Published: May 2020

Experiments have shown that graphene-supported Ni-single atom catalysts (Ni-SACs) provide a promising strategy for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO, but the nature of the Ni sites (Ni-N2C2, Ni-N3C1, Ni-N4) in Ni-SACs has not been determined experimentally. Here, we apply the recently developed grand canonical potential kinetics (GCP-K) formulation of quantum mechanics to predict the kinetics as a function of applied potential (U) to determine faradic efficiency, turn over frequency, and Tafel slope for CO and H2 production for all three sites. We predict an onset potential (at 10 mA cm−2) Uonset = −0.84 V (vs. RHE) for Ni-N2C2 site and Uonset = −0.92 V for Ni-N3C1 site in agreement with experiments, and Uonset = −1.03 V for Ni-N4. We predict that the highest current is for Ni-N4, leading to 700 mA cm−2 at U = −1.12 V. To help determine the actual sites in the experiments, we predict the XPS binding energy shift and CO vibrational frequency for each site.
Machine-learning informed prediction of high-entropy solid solution formation: Beyond the Hume-Rothery rules
Authors: Pei Zongrui , Yin Junqi , Hawk Jeffrey A. , Alman David E. , Gao Michael C.
Published: May 2020

The empirical rules for the prediction of solid solution formation proposed so far in the literature usually have very compromised predictability. Some rules with seemingly good predictability were, however, tested using small data sets. Based on an unprecedented large dataset containing 1252 multicomponent alloys, machine-learning methods showed that the formation of solid solutions can be very accurately predicted (93%). The machine-learning results help identify the most important features, such as molar volume, bulk modulus, and melting temperature. As such a new thermodynamics-based rule was developed to predict solid–solution alloys. The new rule is nonetheless slightly less accurate (73%) but has roots in the physical nature of the problem. The new rule is employed to predict solid solutions existing in the three blocks, each of which consists of 9 elements. The predictions encompass face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal closest packed (HCP) structures in a high throughput manner. The validity of the prediction is further confirmed by CALculations of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) calculations with high consistency (94%). Since the new thermodynamics-based rule employs only elemental properties, applicability in screening for solid solution high-entropy alloys is straightforward and efficient.
Computational search for magnetic and non-magnetic 2D topological materials using unified spin–orbit spillage screening
Authors: Choudhary Kamal , Garrity Kevin F. , Jiang Jie , Pachter Ruth , Tavazza Francesca
Published: May 2020

Two-dimensional topological materials (2D TMs) have a variety of properties that make them attractive for applications including spintronics and quantum computation. However, there are only a few such experimentally known materials. To help discover new 2D TMs, we develop a unified and computationally inexpensive approach to identify magnetic and non-magnetic 2D TMs, including gapped and semi-metallic topological classifications, in a high-throughput way using density functional theory-based spin–orbit spillage, Wannier-interpolation, and related techniques. We first compute the spin–orbit spillage for the ~1000 2D materials in the JARVIS-DFT dataset, resulting in 122 materials with high-spillage values. Then, we use Wannier-interpolation to carry-out Z2, Chern-number, anomalous Hall conductivity, Curie temperature, and edge state calculations to further support the predictions. We identify various topologically non-trivial classes such as quantum spin-Hall insulators, quantum anomalous-Hall insulators, and semimetals. For a few predicted materials, we run G0W0+SOC and DFT+U calculations. We find that as we introduce many-body effects, only a few materials retain non-trivial band-topology, suggesting the importance of high-level density functional theory (DFT) methods in predicting 2D topological materials. However, as an initial step, the automated spillage screening and Wannier-approach provide useful predictions for finding new topological materials and to narrow down candidates for experimental synthesis and characterization.
The dynamic change of serum S100B levels from day 1 to day 3 is more associated with sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Wu Long , Feng Qing , Ai Mei-Lin , Deng Song-yun , Liu Zhi-Yong , Huang Li , Ai Yu-Hang , Zhang Lina
Published: May 2020

We investigated the role of dynamic changes of serum levels S100B protein in brain injury and poor outcome of sepsis. This is a prospective cohort study designed to include 104 adult patients with sepsis who are admitted to ICU from Jan 2015 to Aug 2016. Sepsis was defined as sepsis 3.0. Patients with a GCS score of <15, or at least one positive CAM-ICU score were thought to have brain dysfunction. 59 patients were diagnosed with SAE and the rest 45 patients were diagnosed with non-SAE. Serum S100B was measured on day 1 and 3 after ICU admission. Primary outcomes included brain dysfunction and 28-day/180-day mortality. The SAE group showed a significantly higher APACHE II score, SOFA scores, length of ICU stay, 28-day and 180-day mortality, serum S100B levels on day 1 and day 3. S100B levels on day 1 of 0.226 μg/L were diagnostic for SAE with 80.0% specificity and 66.1% sensitivity, and the area under (AUC) the curve was 0.728, S100B levels on day 3 of 0.144 μg/L were diagnostic for SAE with 84.44% specificity and 69.49% sensitivity, and the AUC was 0.819. In addition, the AUC for S100B on day 3 for predicting 180-day mortality was larger than for S100B on day 1 (0.731 vs. 0.611). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that S100B3 (p = 0.001) but not S100B1 (p = 0.927) were independently correlated with SAE. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with S100B levels higher than 0.144 μg/L had a lower probability of survival at day 180. There were more patients with encephalopathy and a higher 28-day or 180-day mortality in the ΔS100B + group than in the ΔS100B- group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that SAE and IL-6 on day 3 were independently correlated with S100B dynamic increase. These findings suggest that elevated serum S100B levels on day 3 and the dynamic changes of serum S100B levels from day three to one were more associated with brain dysfunction and mortality than that on day 1 in patients with sepsis.
Red blood cells exposed to cancer cells in culture have altered cytokine profiles and immune function
Authors: Karsten Elisabeth , Breen Edmond , McCracken Sharon A. , Clarke Stephen , Herbert Benjamin R.
Published: May 2020

It is now accepted that red blood cells (RBCs) from healthy individuals regulate T-cell activity through modulating cytokine interactions, and that stored RBCs or RBCs from inflammatory cohorts are dysfunctional. Our study aimed to investigate how changes in RBCs that have been intentionally modified can affect T-cell activity as a mechanistic test of this modification. Exposure to a cancer cell line in culture was used to alter the cytokine profile of intact RBCs and the effect of these modified RBCs (ccRBCs) on T-cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. We used RBCs from healthy volunteers and quantified cytokines in RBC lysates and conditioned media using Luminex technology. During in vitro cancer cell exposure, RBCs sequestered a variety of cytokines including IL-8, bFGF, and VEGF. Although unmodified RBCs (oRBCs) stimulated proliferation of T-cells (Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononucleated cells), ccRBCs augmented this proliferative response (3.5-fold and 1.9-fold more respectively). Unlike oRBCs, T-cells stimulated with ccRBCs were no longer protected from phytohemagglutinin-P-driven overexpression of GATA-3 and T-bet and these T-cells were induced to secrete a variety of cytokines including IL-17 and MCP-3. This study supports the hypothesis that RBCs are capable of binding and releasing cytokines in blood, and that modification of these cells can then also affect the T-cell response.
Fractionated radiation suppresses Kruppel-like factor 2 pathway to a greater extent than by single exposure to the same total dose
Authors: Sadhukhan Ratan , Leung Justin W. C. , Garg Sarthak , Krager Kimberly J. , Savenka Alena V. , Basnakian Alexei G. , Pathak Rupak
Published: May 2020

Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a positive transcriptional regulator of several endothelial protective molecules, including thrombomodulin (TM), a surface receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO). Loss of TM and eNOS causes endothelial dysfunction, which results in suppressed generation of activated protein C (APC) by TM-thrombin complex and in upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) via upregulation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) induces KLF2 expression. Radiation causes endothelial dysfunction, but no study has investigated radiation’s effects on the KLF2 pathway. Because fractionated radiation is routinely used during cancer radiotherapy, we decided to delineate the effects of radiation dose fractionation on the KLF2 signaling cascade at early time points (up to 24 h). We exposed human primary endothelial cells to radiation as a series of fractionated or as a single exposure, with the same total dose delivered to each group. We measured the expression and activity of critical members of the KLF2 pathway at subsequent time points, and determined whether pharmacological upregulation of KLF2 can reverse the radiation effects. Compared to single exposure, fractionated radiation profoundly suppressed KLF2, TM, and eNOS levels, subdued APC generation, declined KLF2 binding ability to TM and eNOS promoters, enhanced ICAM-1 expression, and decreased expression of upstream regulators of KLF2 (ERK5 and MEF2). Pharmacological inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway prevented fractionated-radiation–induced suppression of KLF2, TM, and eNOS expression. Finally, fractionated irradiation to thoracic region more profoundly suppressed KLF2 and enhanced ICAM-1 expression than single exposure in the lung at 24 h. These data clearly indicate that radiation dose fractionation plays a critical role in modulating levels of KLF2, its upstream regulators, and its downstream target molecules in endothelial cells. Our findings will provide important insights for selecting fractionated regimens during radiotherapy and for developing strategies to alleviate radiotherapy-induced toxicity to healthy tissues.
Discovery of genes and proteins possibly regulating mean wool fibre diameter using cDNA microarray and proteomic approaches
Authors: Zhao Jinshan , Qin Huaiyuan , Xin Jingjing , Liu Nan , Han Rongwei , Perez-Campo F. M. , Li Hegang
Published: May 2020

Wool fibre diameter (WFD) is one of the wool traits with higher economic impact. However, the main genes specifically regulating WFD remain unidentified. In this current work we have used Agilent Sheep Gene Expression Microarray and proteomic technology to investigate the gene expression patterns of body side skin, bearing more wool, in Aohan fine wool sheep, a Chinese indigenous breed, and compared them with that of small tail Han sheep, a sheep bread with coarse wool. Microarray analyses showed that most of the genes likely determining wool diameter could be classified into a few categories, including immune response, regulation of receptor binding and growth factor activity. Certain gene families might play a role in hair growth regulation. These include growth factors, immune cytokines, solute carrier families, cellular respiration and glucose transport amongst others. Proteomic analyses also identified scores of differentially expressed proteins.
Sign changing pairing in single layer FeSe/SrTiO3 revealed by nonmagnetic impurity bound states
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Ge Zhuozhi , Weinert Michael , Li Lian
Published: May 2020

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in single layer FeSe epitaxially grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates has instigated extensive debate over whether its pairing symmetry is conventional sign-preserving s-wave or unconventional sign-changing. Here, we probe the pairing state for single layer FeSe/SrTiO3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We observe robust in-gap bound states induced by non-magnetic Fe-vacancy defects within the Fe-plane, which exhibit strong spatial electron-hole asymmetry with two-fold symmetry in hole states and four-fold in electron states. The bound states exhibit no energy shift or splitting under an applied magnetic field, consistent with a sign-changing order parameter. This is further confirmed by defect bound state quasiparticle interference that shows a sign-changing behavior with a pair of corresponding peaks at the positive and negative energies near the impurity bound states. Our findings provide unambiguous evidence for a sign-changing pairing symmetry for single layer FeSe/SrTiO3.
Unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides attenuated obesity-related metabolic abnormalities by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice
Authors: Li Shangyong , Wang Linna , Liu Bo , He Ningning
Published: May 2020

A new potent prebiotic oligosaccharide for obesity and related metabolic abnormalities by modulating gut microbiota.
Facet-dependent activity of hematite nanocrystals toward the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Takashima Toshihiro , Hemmi Shota , Liu Qingyu , Irie Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

Hematite showed facet-dependent OER activity and its origin was investigated based onin situUV-vis absorption measurements and theoretical calculations.
Heat-resistant Pb(ii)-based X-ray scintillating metal–organic frameworks for sensitive dosage detection via an aggregation-induced luminescent chromophore
Authors: Lu Jian , Wang Shuai-Hua , Li Yan , Wang Wen-Fei , Sun Cai , Li Pei-Xin , Zheng Fa-Kun , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: May 2020

Unusual X-aggregation induced luminescent chromophores in heat-resistant Pb(ii)-based metal–organic frameworks facilitate excellent scintillation for X-ray dosage detection.
Efficient synthesis of a galectin inhibitor clinical candidate (TD139) using a Payne rearrangement/azidation reaction cascade
Authors: St-Gelais Jacob , Denavit Vincent , Giguère Denis
Published: May 2020

A reaction cascade was used for a rapid synthesis of TD139, a clinical candidate for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Opportunities and critical factors of porous metal–organic frameworks for industrial light olefins separation
Authors: Lan Tianhao , Li Libo , Chen Yang , Wang Xiaoqing , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Jinping
Published: May 2020

We summarize and highlight recent advances in the realm of light olefins separation using MOFs as adsorbents, covering the progress made in improving the key features of MOFs that are necessary for their real-world applications.
Synthesis, characterization and corrosion inhibition behavior of 2-aminofluorene bis-Schiff bases in circulating cooling water
Authors: Wei Wenchang , Liu Zheng , Liang Chuxin , Han Guo-Cheng , Han Jiaxing , Zhang Shufen
Published: May 2020

Two new bis-Schiff bases, namely 2-bromoisophthalaldehyde-2-aminofluorene (M1) and glutaraldehyde 2-aminofluorene (M2) were synthesized and were characterized, the potentiodynamic polarization curve confirmed that they were anode type inhibitors.
Enhancing catalytic alkane hydroxylation by tuning the outer coordination sphere in a heme-containing metal–organic framework
Authors: Zee David Z. , Harris T. David
Published: May 2020

Removing labile protons via acetylation of the structural nodes in a metal–organic framework enhances catalysis at the heme linkers.
The success story of graphite as a lithium-ion anode material – fundamentals, remaining challenges, and recent developments including silicon (oxide) composites
Authors: Asenbauer Jakob , Eisenmann Tobias , Kuenzel Matthias , Kazzazi Arefeh , Chen Zhen , Bresser Dominic
Published: May 2020

This review provides a comprehensive overview about the “hidden champion” of lithium-ion battery technology – graphite.
Low-cost green synthesis of zinc sponge for rechargeable, sustainable batteries
Authors: Hopkins Brandon J. , Chervin Christopher N. , Sassin Megan B. , Long Jeffrey W. , Rolison Debra R. , Parker Joseph F.
Published: May 2020

We show that zinc (Zn) batteries are the lowest cost and most energy dense of rechargeable batteries that rely on abundant, low-risk elements. We advance Zn batteries with a green synthesis that lowers the cost and boosts the performance of rechargeable Zn electrodes.
VS4 with a chain crystal structure used as an intercalation cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Qiancheng , Xiao Qin , Zhang Bowen , Yan Zhengcong , Liu Xi , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng , Yu Ying
Published: May 2020

Vanadium tetrasulfide (VS4) with a beneficial one-dimensional atomic-chain structure is reported to be able to serve as a favorable intercalation cathode material for a high-performance Zn-ion battery.
What Does Language Have to Do With It? The Impact of Age and Bilingual Experience on Inhibitory Control in an Auditory Dichotic Listening Task
Authors: Desjardins Jamie L. , Bangert Ashley , Gomez Ninive
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to examine inhibition of irrelevant information in younger and older English monolingual and Spanish–English bilingual adults.

Method

Sixty-one participants divided into four groups: 15 younger English monolinguals, 16 younger Spanish–English bilinguals, 15 older English monolinguals, and 15 older Spanish–English bilinguals participated in this study. Younger participants were 18–25 years of age, and older participants were 47–62 years of age. Bilingual participants had learned Spanish from birth and began learning English by the age of 3 years old (
SD
= 3.1). All participants had hearing thresholds of < 25 dB HL from 250 to 4000 Hz, bilaterally (American National Standards Institute [ANSI], 2004) and were right-handed. Inhibition was measured using a forced-attention dichotic consonant vowel listening task with a prime stimulus and the Simon task, a nonverbal visual test.

Results

Younger participants were better able to inhibit the irrelevant auditory and visual stimuli and modulate their attention according to the instructions that they were given compared to the older participants. However, no significant differences in inhibition performance or attention modulation were evidenced between the monolingual and bilingual groups in any of the dichotic listening conditions or on the Simon task.

Conclusions

No significant differences in performance on an auditory or a visual test of inhibition of irrelevant information was evidenced between the monolingual and bilingual participants in this study. These findings suggest that younger and older adult, early balanced Spanish–English bilinguals may not exhibit an advantage in the inhibition of irrelevant information compared to younger and older adult English monolinguals.
Clinical Application of Spectral Modulation Detection: Speech Recognition Benefit for Combining a Cochlear Implant and Contralateral Hearing Aid
Authors: Kessler David M. , Wolfe Jace , Blanchard Michelle , Gifford René H.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between speech recognition benefit derived from the addition of a hearing aid (HA) to the nonimplanted ear (i.e., bimodal benefit) and spectral modulation detection (SMD) performance in the nonimplanted ear in a large clinical sample. An additional purpose was to investigate the influence of low-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) of the nonimplanted ear and age at implantation on the variance in bimodal benefit.

Method

Participants included 311 unilateral cochlear implant (CI) users who wore an HA in the nonimplanted ear. Participants completed speech recognition testing in quiet and in noise with the CI-alone and in the bimodal condition (i.e., CI and contralateral HA) and SMD in the nonimplanted ear.

Results

SMD performance in the nonimplanted ear was significantly correlated with bimodal benefit in quiet and in noise. However, this relationship was much weaker than previous reports with smaller samples. SMD, low-frequency PTA of the nonimplanted ear from 125 to 750 Hz, and age at implantation together accounted for, at most, 19.1% of the variance in bimodal benefit.

Conclusions

Taken together, SMD, low-frequency PTA, and age at implantation account for the greatest amount of variance in bimodal benefit than each variable alone. A large portion of variance (~80%) in bimodal benefit is not explained by these variables.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12185493
Bilingualism and Processing Speed in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Park Ji Sook , Miller Carol A. , Sanjeevan Teenu , van Hell Janet G. , Weiss Daniel J. , Mainela-Arnold Elina
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dual language experience modulates processing speed in typically developing (TD) children and in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). We also examined whether processing speed predicted vocabulary and sentence-level abilities in receptive and expressive modalities.

Method

We examined processing speed in monolingual and bilingual school-age children (ages 8–12 years) with and without DLD. TD children (35 monolinguals, 24 bilinguals) and children with DLD (17 monolinguals, 10 bilinguals) completed a visual choice reaction time task. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Expressive Vocabulary Test were used as language measures.

Results

The children with DLD exhibited slower response times relative to TD children. Response time was not modified by bilingual experience, neither in children with typical development nor children with DLD. Also, we found that faster processing speed was related to higher language abilities, but this relationship was not significant when socioeconomic status was controlled for. The magnitude of the association did not differ between the monolingual and bilingual groups across the language measures.

Conclusions

Slower processing speed is related to lower language abilities in children. Processing speed is minimally influenced by dual language experience, at least within this age range.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12210311
Language and Literacy Predictors of Dialect Density Among School-Age African American Children From Two Geographic Regions
Authors: Caesar Lena G. , Kerins Marie
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral language, literacy skills, age, and dialect density (DD) of African American children residing in two different geographical regions of the United States (East Coast and Midwest).

Method

Data were obtained from 64 African American school-age children between the ages of 7 and 12 years from two geographic regions. Children were assessed using a combination of standardized tests and narrative samples elicited from wordless picture books. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships to and relative contributions of oral language, literacy, age, and geographic region to DD.

Results

Results of correlation analyses demonstrated a negative relationship between DD measures and children's literacy skills. Age-related findings between geographic regions indicated that the younger sample from the Midwest outscored the East Coast sample in reading comprehension and sentence complexity. Multiple regression analyses identified five variables (i.e., geographic region, age, mean length of utterance in morphemes, reading fluency, and phonological awareness) that accounted for 31% of the variance of children's DD—with geographic region emerging as the strongest predictor.

Conclusions

As in previous studies, the current study found an inverse relationship between DD and several literacy measures. Importantly, geographic region emerged as a strong predictor of DD. This finding highlights the need for a further study that goes beyond the mere description of relationships to comparing geographic regions and specifically focusing on racial composition, poverty, and school success measures through direct data collection.
Multiresistente Bakterien bei Patienten in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen sowie bei Bewohnern von Altenpflegeheimen in Sachsen – Ergebnisse einer Prävalenzstudie 2017/2018
Authors: Sommer Lydia , Hackel Tilo , Hofmann Axel , Hoffmann Julia , Hennebach Ekkehard , Köpke Beate , Sydow Wiebke , Ehrhard Ingrid , Chaberny Iris F.
Published: May 2020

Ziel In drei Untersuchungsgruppen (Krankenhauspatienten, Bewohner in Altenpflegeheimen und Patienten hausärztlicher Praxen) sollte die Prävalenz von Methicillin-resistentem Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multiresistenten gramnegativen stäbchenförmigen Bakterien (MRGN) sowie Vancomycin-resistenten Enterokokken (VRE) ermittelt werden. Zudem sollten Risikofaktoren für ein Trägertum untersucht werden.

Methodik Das Screening auf multiresistente Erreger (MRE) erfolgte als Punktprävalenzuntersuchung bei freiwillig teilnehmenden Personen mittels Nasen-, Rachen- und Rektalabstrich bzw. Stuhlprobe in 25 Krankenhäusern, 14 Altenpflegeheimen sowie 33 Hausarztpraxen in 12 von 13 Landkreisen in Sachsen. Verdächtige Isolate wurden phänotypisch sowie z. T. molekularbiologisch weiter untersucht. Die Teilnehmer füllten einen Fragebogen zu vermuteten Risikofaktoren für eine MRE-Besiedlung aus, deren Angaben statistisch mittels Korrelationsanalysen ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse 1 718 Personen, davon 629 aus Krankenhäusern, 498 aus Altenpflegeheimen und 591 aus Arztpraxen, wurden untersucht. Insgesamt waren 8,4% aller Teilnehmer Träger eines MRE. 1,3% wurden positiv auf das Vorliegen eines MRSA, 5,2% auf 3MRGN, 0,1% auf 4MRGN und 2,3% auf VRE getestet. Neun Personen waren mit mehr als einem MRE besiedelt. Folgende unabhängige Faktoren konnten signifikant mit dem Nachweis eines MRE in Zusammenhang gebracht werden: Vorhandensein eines Pflegegrads (MRE), männliches Geschlecht (MRE/VRE), aktuelle Antibiose (MRE/VRE), Antibiose innerhalb der letzten 6 Monate (MRE/MRSA/3MRGN/VRE), aktuelle Tumorerkrankung (MRE/3MRGN), periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) (MRSA) sowie eine Harninkontinenz (3MRGN).

Schlussfolgerungen Nach unserem Wissensstand stellt diese Studie die erste Untersuchung zur Prävalenz unterschiedlicher multiresistenter Erregergruppen in diesen 3 Untersuchungsgruppen und erstmals dabei auch unter ambulanten Patienten in Deutschland dar. Dabei repräsentierten 3MRGN die am häufigsten nachgewiesene Erregergruppe und fanden sich auch in jüngeren Altersgruppen wieder, VRE wurden fast ausschließlich kumuliert in einzelnen Kliniken nachgewiesen. Neben aktueller und stattgehabter Antibiose konnten insbesondere das Vorliegen einer pAVK für MRSA-Nachweise, Harninkontinenz für 3MRGN-Nachweise sowie eine aktuelle Tumorerkrankung für MRE- und 3MRGN-Nachweise als unabhängige Risikofaktoren bestimmt werden.
Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory
Activities of Withanolides from Datura quercifolia
Authors: Jasso Christian , Nieto-Camacho Antonio , Ramírez-Apan MaríaTeresa , Martínez Mahinda , Maldonado Emma
Published: May 2020

Five withanolides identified as daturalactone (1) , withanicandrin
(2), withanolide B (3), nicandrin B (4), and
daturalactone 2 (5) were isolated from the aerial parts (flowers,
leaves, and stems) of Datura quercifolia Kunth. Their structures were
determined by analysis of the IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All the
isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, as
well as for their capacity to inhibit the activity of the
acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). As result, the five withanolides showed
weak cytotoxic and pro-oxidant activities, however, they displayed a
relevant inhibitory activity against AChE, as indicated by the
IC50 values ranging from 1.51 to 12.11 µM. The
differences in AChE inhibition seem to be related to the functional group at
C-12.
Microfabrication of polymer with laser-induced backside wet etching
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: May 2020

A new study demonstrates that laser-induced backside wet etching can successfully work on a polymer substrate, which has implications for manufacturing microfluidic chips.
Ionizing radiation in electronics from the Compton scattering of quasi-stationary particles generated by characteristic and Bremsstrahlung x rays
Authors: Min Sun-Hong , Kwon Ohjoon , Sattorov Matlabjon , Kim Seontae , Hong Dongpyo , Kim Seonmyeong , Cho Ilsung , Park Chawon , Jung Wongyun , Kim Minho , Kim Kyeong Min , Hwang Won Taek , Park Seungwoo , Lee Kyo Chul , Lee Yong Jin , Lim Sang Moo , Hong Bong Hwan , Park Gun-Sik
Published: May 2020

Characteristic x rays generated by a collision between a tungsten target and relativistic electron beams generated from a compact electrostatic accelerator based on a Marx generator and a Blumlein pulse-forming line can induce transient ionizing radiation in electronics. While the decelerated electron beam is close to a collector out of range of an external magnetic field, Bremsstrahlung x rays occur at the same time. Compton scattering also occurs through secondary reaction interactions with quasi-stationary particles such as ejected inner shell electrons or photons. During a simulation, a semiconductor process is used to analyze the effects and processes of photocurrents derived from the flow of the drain current when transient pulses generated from the compact electrostatic accelerator are incident in the pMOSFET-AD420-based detector. The photocurrent induced from the detector is also measured by experimental results in comparison with a computer simulation, and a photocurrent detection experiment was then conducted with a high-pulse-current compact electrostatic accelerator. In addition, data pertaining to the irradiation dose rate and photon emission rate were obtained. In order to confirm the radiation pattern in the situation of Compton scattering, the ionizing radiation effect in the photosensitive phosphor was identified using a fluorescent lamp. During the experiment, a relativistic electron beam operating at high energy and current levels at a maximum of 1MeV-10 kA was utilized.
Environmental factors associated with the abundance of forest wiregrass (Tetrarrhena juncea), a flammable understorey grass in productive forests
Authors: Cadiz Geofe O. , Cawson Jane G. , Penman Trent D. , York Alan , Duff Thomas J.
Published: May 2020

When flammable plant species become dominant they can influence the flammability of the entire vegetation community. Therefore, it is important to understand the environmental factors affecting the abundance of such species. These factors can include disturbances such as fire, which can promote the dominance of flammable grasses causing a positive feedback of flammability (grass–fire cycle). We examined the potential factors influencing the abundance of a flammable grass found in the understoreys of forests in south-east Australia, the forest wiregrass (Tetrarrhena juncea R.Br.). When wiregrass is abundant, its structural characteristics can increase the risk of wildfire ignition and causes fire to burn more intensely. We measured the cover of wiregrass in 126 sites in mountain ash forests in Victoria, Australia. Generalised additive models were developed to predict cover using climatic and site factors. The best models were selected using an information theoretic approach. The statistically significant factors associated with wiregrass cover were annual precipitation, canopy cover, disturbance type, net solar radiation, precipitation seasonality and time since disturbance. Canopy cover and net solar radiation were the top contributors in explaining wiregrass cover variability. Wiregrass cover was predicted to be high in recently disturbed areas where canopy cover was sparse, light levels high and precipitation low. Our findings suggest that in areas with wiregrass, disturbances such as fire that reduce canopy cover can promote wiregrass dominance, which may, in turn, increase forest flammability.
Assessing the conservation status of tree species declining in productive landscapes: the case of Eucalyptus argophloia
Authors: Fensham R. J. , Laffineur B. , McVeigh M.
Published: May 2020

Eucalyptus argophloia is a species with a small geographic range occurring in a productive landscape with a subhumid climate. The past distribution of the species was assessed from remnant vegetation and standing paddock trees. The species grows in three specific vegetation types within its geographic range, and based on densities in remnant vegetation and reduction of habitat, it is estimated that the population has been reduced by 94.2%. There is very little regeneration of the species including on ungrazed roadsides, and further decline of the species is expected. The species can be categorised under IUCN Red Listing criteria as Critically Endangered. The present study provides a method for using habitat association, population decline and stand structure for conservation assessment of threatened tree species in productive landscapes.
Convergence and divergence in the use of third-person atonic pronouns in Madrid and Malaga
Authors: Díaz Montesinos Francisco , Paredes García Florentino
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the linguistic situation of pronominal clitics used as direct objects (DO) in two Spanish
speech communities, Malaga and Madrid, which use, respectively, the etymological system and referential system, the two basic
clitic systems that have been described for Spanish. The initial hypothesis is that both communities are undergoing a process of
convergence with the educated pan-Hispanic model, which permits leísmo (use of le) with a
masculine, singular person. Thus, the analyses successively restricted the corpus of clitics with the aim of determining how
linguistic and social conditions affect each type of leísmo: apparent and real leísmo, leísmo
with things, leísmo with a feminine person, leísmo with animals, leísmo with a
masculine, plural person, and leísmo with a masculine, singular person.
Accurate electron affinity of atomic cerium and excited states of its anion*
Authors: Fu Xiao-Xi , Tang Ru-Lin , Lu Yu-Zhu , Ning Chuan-Gang
Published: May 2020

Electron affinities (EA) of most lanthanide elements still remain unknown owing to their relatively lower EA values and the fairly complicated electronic structures. In the present work, we report the high-resolution photoelectron spectra of atomic cerium anion Ce− using the slow electron velocity-map imaging method in combination with a cold ion trap. The electron affinity of Ce is determined to be 4840.62(21) cm−1 or 0.600160(26) eV. Moreover, several excited states of Ce− (4H9/2, 4I9/2, 2H9/2, 2G9/2, 2G7/2, 4H13/2, 2F5/2, and 4I13/2) are observed.
Establishing a method to determine impact force in tennis – a preliminary study
Authors: Baktiar S B , Sujae I H , Kudo S , Zakariah W R Wan , Ong A , Hamill J
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to establish a method to estimate impact force in tennis forehand stroke to determine if differences in string tension would affect impact force. This is a preliminary study using only one participant. Estimates were determined using kinematic data and data obtained from strain gauges. Preliminary data on peak resultant impact force estimates were within the range of those reported in the literature. Peak resultant force estimates were larger for higher string tension rackets and lower string tension in the racquets possibly due to differences in coefficient of restitution. Data estimated from this study, regardless of string tension, may give a better representative of peak resultant impact force as the data were not filtered.
Effects of interface state density on the carrier transport and performance of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) type thin film solar cells
Authors: Oktasendra Fandi , Hidayat Rahmat , Utama Rizky Indra
Published: May 2020

Interface state density plays a significant role in determining the behaviour and characteristics of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the interface state density on the carrier transport and performance in ZnO based-metal-instulator-semiconductor (MIS) type solar cells. Semi-analytical calculations were performed to obtain the solar cell’s performance characteristics, i.e., the short circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill-factor, and efficiency. Most possible carrier transport mechanisms including minority carrier diffusion, field emission (tunnelling) and carrier recombination were taken into account in investigating the role interface state density on the current profile. It was found that the effect of interface state density is dependent on the oxide thickness. At thicknesses higher than the critical thickness of the oxide layer the increase of the density of states causes the performance of the solar cells to drop.
Microwave absorption properties of Fe3O4/PANi nanocomposites synthesized by sol-gel methods
Authors: Yulfriska Nidya , Affandi Zurian , Yohandri  , Dwiridal Letmi , Ramli Ramli
Published: May 2020

The technological advances in the radar field are currently growing. So that it requires an absorbent material that has a high absorption capacity so that it can be applied as Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). The RAM made in this study is nanocomposite material which consists of magnetic material based on natural iron sand Fe3O4 and PANi conductive polymer. Fe3O4/PANi nanocomposite was made using the sol-gel method with a percentage combination of Fe3O4/PANi 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%. Fe3O4/PANi was characterized using XRD and VNA. At the culminate of XRD characterization, it was exposed that successfully synthesized Fe3O4/PANi nanocomposite using the sol-gel method. Fe3O4/PANi is a material that can be used as a microwave absorber, this is indicated by the results of characterization using VNA. In the C-Band (4-8 GHz) the maximum reflection loss is found in Fe3O4/PANi samples (40%) of -28,674 dB at a frequency of 6 GHz by a coefficient absorption of 0.0368 and absorption percentage of 96.32%. Whereas in the X Band (8-12 GHz) maximum reflection loss was obtained in the Fe3O4/PANi sample (60%) of -24.3533 dB at a frequency of 11.76 GHz, by a coefficient absorption is 0.0605 and a absorption percentage of 93.94%.
Modeling of aquifer using vertical electrical sounding data with kriging interpolation in Padang City
Authors: Octova A , Gusman M , Razi P , Putra R R , Putra A E
Published: May 2020

Aquifer is an underground layer of water. Currently, many residents of Padang do not know the exact position of the aquifer. Many drilling activities have been carried out to find ground water. But the results are not in accordance with the predetermined depth targets. This situation will be affected to the costs incurred for drilling. This study aims to model aquifers in Padang and find out their depth and thickness. One way to identify aquifers is to use geoelectrical resistivity method. In this study, researchers used a one-dimensional vertical electrical sounding (VES). The collection of geoelectrical sounding data is spread in 36 points in Padang. To modeling the aquifer layer, kriging interpolation method is used. Based on the results of processing rock resistivity models, it was found that the average aquifer depth in Padang is about 6.23 meters, with the shallow depth in 1.01 meters and the deepest in 20.02 meters. While the average thickness of aquifers is about 7.47 meters, with the thinnest thickness in 1.68 meters and the thickest in 11.74 meters. The aquifer layer was identified as unconfined aquifer.
Land deformation modelling of Taiwan earthquake using interferometry technique
Authors: Razi Pakhrur , Sri Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko , Yulkifli  , Widodo Joko , Perissin Daniele , Jefriza
Published: May 2020

A strong earthquake with M 6.4 in 14 km shallow depth occurs in the Eastern of Taiwan. To clarify the land deformation model and area damage covered, the SAR data of Sentinel-1A/B in ascending and descending orbit extracted. The data is collected from coseismic and post-seismic. In processing SAR data, Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) technique applied. The result presents significant deformation reach to 250 millimeters in line of sight (LOS) for ascending and descending orbit.
Biosorption of Cd (II) ion from aqueous solution using immobilized Lengkeng (euphoria longan lour) shell
Authors: Kurniawati Desy , Bahrizal  , Marfania Cillia
Published: May 2020

In this paper, lengkeng shell was immobilization with sodium silica yo remove Cd (II) ion from aqueous soution by biosorption was investigative in a batch system immobilization of lengkeng shell can improve the ability of biosorbent in the process of absorption. The influence of solution pH and particle size. Were evaluated the result showed that the absorbent was good for the removal of Cd (II) ion with biosorption capacity of 22.587 mg/g at pH 5 and 250 μm particle size. Immobilization lengkeng shell showed the highles potential for the removal of toxic metal aqueous solution.