bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Low Density Parity Check Encoder Techniques
Authors: Venkatesh Divyashree Yamadur , Mallikarjunaiah Komala , Srikantaswamy Mallikarjunaswamy
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a survey on various technologies of low density parity check encoder. LDPC codes are capable to handle high speed communication channel, by reducing attenuation, hazards and efficiently rectifying the linear error correction. Various coding technologies used in new generation communication system, such as turbo code, hamming code, low-density parity check (LDPC) code and Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BHC) code, are widely used in recent communication system. The LDPC has technical remarkable advantages and better performance in high speed communication process compared to turbo code. This paper deals with study of LDPC encoding techniques with various methods of detecting error and its correction. Here classification and performance analysis of LDPC encoding techniques on the basis of resources utilization, systematic, non-systematic approaches and consumer data right etc. have been analyzed in this paper. Apart from above mentioned criteria, this study deals with hardware and software architecture of LDPC encoder in rectification of forward error correction, parallel execution of instruction set. This study and analysis could offer scalability, the future scope of improving the performance of LDPC encoder in all aspects of the next generation communication process. This paper gives overview of various LDPC encoder applications, drawbacks and solution to overcome it.
Spam Mail Detection Using Optimization Techniques
Authors: Anupriya Koneru , Harini Kurakula , Balaji Kethe , Sudha Karnati Geetha
Published: March 2022

On account of the widespread availability of internet access, email correspondence is one among the most well-known cost-effective and convenient method for users in the office and in business. Many people abuse this convenient mode of communication by spamming others with conciseness bulk emails. They use emails to collect personal information of the users to benefit financially. A literature review is conducted to investigate the most effective strategies for achieving successful outcomes while working with various spam mail datasets. K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression are all employed in the implementation of machine learning techniques. To make classifiers more efficient, bio-inspired algorithms such as BAT and PSO are used. The accuracy of every classification algorithm along with and without optimization is observed. Factors such as accuracy, f1-score, precision, and recall are used to compare the results. This work is implemented in Python along with GUI interface Tkinter.
Authenticating the Anti-cancer Properties of Couroupita guianensis in Western Ghats using HL60 Humanleukemia Cell Line
Authors: Bindhu J. , Felicia Roshini R. , Monica Devi M. , Das Arunava , Balakrishna Raja R. , Tamilselvi S.
Published: March 2022

The target of this work is to evaluate the inâ€“vitro anticancer activity and cellular toxicity of Couroupita guianensis (CG) towards the Human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells contrasted with the normal cell lines. The anti-cancer properties of Couroupita guianensis extracted with Chloroform and DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) were analysed and studied throughout this paper. HL60 cell lines were permitted to develop in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium) and incubated with differed concentration of DMSO CG extract. MTT assay drew out the best approach to decide the cell feasibility and assessment was done with the optical absorbance at 570nm and 620nm as reference. The floral extract inhibited 50% growth (IC50) of HL60 cell lines at 10 mg/ml of extract concentration. Inhibitory adequacy of CG showed the cell â€“ plausibility in time and dosage relied route with predictable morphological changes. Flow cytometer assessed the apoptosis insisting the cell toxicity esteem for MTT at IC50 with 70 % cell suitability. Morphological investigation likewise plainly expresses that no apoptosis has been found in charge and comparably in CG treated when contrasted with destructive HL60 cell â€“ line. Assessment of cell toxicity impact of CG demonstrated it can be an inert source of great transformation in human Acute promyelocytic leukemia indicating (revealing) that chemotherapeutic agent.
Amelioration of Methotrexate-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats by Two Varieties of Coconut Water: Effect on Sperm Characters, Oxidative Stress and Testosterone Levels
Authors: Vanishree , , Ommurugan Balaji , Gangachannaiah Shivaprakash , Deepak Nayak M. , Maradi Ravindra , Khan Nadeem , Pallavi L. C.
Published: March 2022

Methotrexate (MTX) is used as an anticancer drug in many types of cancer associated with organ toxicities. It generates free radicals responsible for tissue damage in organs like testis. Coconut water, a natural drink known for its nutritive values also possess components, which are rich in antioxidants. The present study was a novel study to evaluate the benefits of yellow and green varieties of coconut water in testicular damage caused by methotrexate in experimental animals. The study proved that, both the varieties of coconut water restored testicular structure and functions by recovering sperm function, testicular enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and improvement in tissue microscopy. We conclude that both green and yellow coconut water are beneficial and can be used as a natural remedy for methotrexate induced testicular toxicity.
An Analysis of Siddha Management among COVID-19 Positive Patients of TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamilnadu â€”Feedback report
Authors: Thillaivanan S. , Susikannamma S. , Parthiban P. , Ganesh V. , Shanmugasundaram A.
Published: March 2022

Siddha's system of medicine is the effective one to reduce the symptoms of many viral illnesses. Siddha's system of medicine in asymptomatic, mild to moderate Covid-19 Positive patients, will make them recognize its effectiveness, reduce the symptoms, and move into the traditional approach towards the deadliest pandemic disease Covid-19. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptance and benefit of integrative Siddha management among the mild, moderate and asymptomatic COVID patients through a feedback questionnaire in TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamil Nadu (TPECThanthai Periyar Engineering College). 74 asymptomatic, mild to moderate Covid-19 Positive patients were observed 7 days from 14.07.2020 to 30.07.2020 in TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. During this period, Siddha medicines were administrated along with Western medicine. At the end of the period, validated feedback questionnaires were used to collect information from 74 participants for evaluating the acceptance and benefit of integrative Siddha management.In the 74 patients of TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, 100% were taken the given Siddha drug properly. 82.4% had the most common symptoms and 52.7% had less common symptoms. 16.2% of cases developed gastric acidity and 1.3% developed mild dyspnea as an ADR. 91.8% were recommended the Siddha system to others. 93.2% reported excellent disease progress. 90.7% of Siddha doctors quoted for 'Excellent' service on covid patients. This feedback report explores the three important significance. (a) Siddha medicine having significant effectiveness (b) Siddha medicines have safety in covid-19 patients (c) overall services of Siddha doctors are appreciatable by the patients and Siddha system is recommended to others. This analysis report helps to provide the possibility of the Siddha system for further or future clinical trials.
Traditional Unani and Contemporary Outlook of Filfil daraz (Piper longum</I L.) â€“ A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Anjum Ara Shabnam , Rani Seema , Viquar Uzma , Zakir Mohammad , Khanam Safiya , Firdaus Nargish
Published: March 2022

The spectacular thrust and inquisitiveness of the present-day world have resulted in an incredible scientific approach regarding herbal medicine potential. The importance of herbal medicine has witnessed a tremendous expansion because of its significant effective and safe medications, especially in chronic and long-standing ailments. Filfil daraz (Piper longum L.) or long pepper, is a herb with enormous therapeutic benefits. Its beneficial actions are HÄá¸im (digestive), MuqawwÄ«-i-MiÊ»da (stomachic), and KÄsir-i- RiyÄá¸¥ (carminative). Since ages, Unani physicians used this herb for several disorders like BalghamÄ« khansi (Phlegmatic cough), FÄlij (Paralysis), Laqwa (Facial palsy), Mirgi (Epilepsy), Niqris (Gout), â€˜Irq al-NasÄ (Sciatica), and QÅ«lanj (Colitis) etc. Literature survey revealed countless important phytoconstituents namely alkaloids such as piperine, volatile oil, esters and resins. Moreover, many plant parts have shown distinct activities like analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, immunomodulatory activities in quite a lot of in-vivo and in-vitro studies. The present review delivers a comprehensive description of Piper longum L., its ethnobotanical uses, and recent scientific studies. New research avenues are open for future research endeavours for phytochemical studies and preclinical and clinical trials to explore its medicinal importance.
Effects of Acupressure as an Adjunct to Oral Prophylaxis in Treatment of Gingivitis: A Randomized Case-control Study
Authors: Deepshika S. , Saravanan R. , Sathya Sree V. , Kannan Pavithrasri , Muthu Kavitha
Published: March 2022

Background: Acupressure is a branch of acutherapy which is a key component of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a form of alternative medicine that claims to provide treatment for gingivitis, periodontal disease, halitosis, dental pain, facial palsy, gag reflux and other diseases of the oral cavity. Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of acupressure as an adjunct to oral prophylaxis in treatment of gingival inflammation and compare its efficacy with solitary conventional scaling. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 age-matched adolescents with gingivitis were chosen for the study. They were randomly allocated into control or solitary oral prophylaxis group (Group A) and intervention or acupressure group (Group B). Silness and Loe Gingival Bleeding Index was recorded for 50 subjects prior to the treatment. Group A underwent oral prophylaxis only. Group B underwent oral prophylaxis and performed acupressure therapy twice a day for 14 days. Silness and Loe Gingival Bleeding Index was recorded again after 21 days. Results: There is a considerable reduction of gingival bleeding scores in acupressure group compared to control group. The mean difference between baseline and after intervention scores of Gingival Index in control is1.57±0.286 and in test is 1.73±0.152 with the p value (<0.001*). Conclusion: Acupressure could be served as a valuable adjunct to oral prophylaxis in treatment of gingival inflammation. It might serve as a valuable adjunct to conventional scaling by enhancing host-mediated response. Its efficacy in analgesia can be utilized to minimize post-operative pain. Prospective studies with more number of participants are needed for further validation.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Shanthi S. , Faheem . , Ghousiya S. , Divakar M. , Harish R.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prominent adverse effects of allopathic drugs are the principal reason for an escalating number of people seeking alternative and complementary-based therapies that may have less or no adverse effects. The poly-herbal formulation Vilva Kudineer Choornam (VKC) is a combination of Siddha medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic efficacy of poly-herbal formulation by invitro assays. The Aqueous Extract of Formulation (AEF) and Ethanol Extract of Formulation (EEF) were used for the assay. In the present research work, the antioxidant potential of polyherbal formulation (VKC) was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay. The IC50 value of AEF was 333.02 ?g/ml and EEF was 86.37 ?g/ml in DPPH radical scavenging assay whereas, in nitric oxide scavenging assay, the IC50 of AEF and EEF were found to be 8.61 ?g/ml and 447.77 ?g/ml, respectively. The VKC was also screened for in-vitro antidiabetic potential by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and it was shown to have significant percentage inhibition of alpha-amylase. The IC50 of EEF and AEF were found to be 868.84 ?g/ ml and 247.09 ?g/ml, respectively. The findings suggest that the polyherbal formulation (VKC) has significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Further in vitro studies using cell lines and other enzymes may be carried out to fully establish the anti-diabetic potential of the polyherbal formulation.
Insilico and Pharmacological Property Analysis of Bioactive Components from Prunus avium against Diabetics
Authors: Veerapandi L. , Nivetha T. , Sinthiya R. , Karunyah Amirthadharshini N. , Bumaasri K. , Aishwarya R.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder, which effects people across all cultures globally. Lifelong distress is the cause of this disease which has no cure as of now. Various medications available in the market are too expensive and not easily affordable by all. Rural people rely on plant based Ayurvedic medications to heal diabetes as these contain anti-diabetic compounds. These phytoconstituents/anthocyanin derivatives work with several mechanisms that involve phytoconstituent interactions and target molecules in diabetic metabolism. Molecular docking analysis aids in finding out the interaction between receptors and ligands to identify the finest interaction which suits the target. In this case, the study proposed examining the bonding interactions of anti-diabetic compounds/anthocyanin derivatives derived from medicinal plants (Pelargonidin, Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Peonidin, Petunidin, Quercetin and pancreatic alpha-amylase (4X9Y)) with the help of the computational tool. ADME/T test helps decide different pharmacological and physicochemical analysis of lead atoms, degree of adsorption inside the cell, digestion rate, solvency, blood cerebrum boundary penetrability, cancer-causing nature and so on, which are the significant essentials prior to advertising a medication. Peonidin and Quercetin was proposing the best interactions. Nonetheless, to discover a better cure for diabetes, further in-vitro/ in vivo studies have to be carried out.
An Impact of Coconut Oil Pulling on Oral Mucositis among Malignancy Patients
Authors: Manjunathan C. , Singh Vijoykumar
Published: March 2022

Acute or chronic oral complications may develop around 400,000 patients each year during chemotherapy. Oral mucositis happens in around 40% of patients who get malignancy chemotherapy1,2. Basically 75% of patients who get strong regimens develop oral mucositis. Treating oral mucositis with coconut oil has worked and battle all anti-viral, bacterial, and fungal properties3. The medium-chain unsaturated fats found in coconut oil which is immediately consumed into the body and thus the healing process is accelerated and it helps to enhance the body’s own immune system and hence assist it with battling all germs4. Coconut oil is a conventional treatment and is completely edible and natural5,6. It aims to evaluate the impact of coconut oil pulling on oral mucositis. A Quasi-experimental approach, convenient examining strategy, test size was 60 and the information was gathered through organized self-talk with questionnaires with standardized WHO Oral Mucositis Rating Scale. The Coconut oil pulling technique was administered to the experimental group. This group of people were administered with the coconut oil pulling technique and collected outcomes were analyzed statistically. The majority of samples had grade 3 rating in trial batch and in control batch larger part of them had grade 2 rating on severity of oral mucositis. The coconut oil pulling technique intervention was effective among cancer patients with oral mucositis of post-test results, the secured ‘t’ benefit was remarkable, p <0.05 extent. The association between oral mucositis with their demographic variables are found was significant (p <0.05). The technique tested was found to have significant outcomes for the experimental group. This group has less intensity of oral mucosistis as contrasted to the control group.
Evaluation of the productivity and plant health of pruned coffee intercropped with annual crops
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Cristina Silva de , Santini Paula Tristão , Rezende Ana Paula da Silva , Funchal Miguel , Teruel Tiago , Mendonça José Marcos Angélico de
Published: March 2022

Alley intercipiente with annual crops is a usual practice in coffee cultivation, especially in periods of renewal of the crop by pruning. Its purpose is to make better use of the area, decrease costs of implantation and renovation, mainly in coffee plantations with open lines, through the production of subsistence food with generation of additional and immediate income of the producer. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the productivity and plant health of pruned coffee crop in consortium with annual crops in different spacings. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais – Campus Muzambinho, in the 2016/17 and 2017/2018 crop years, in a coffee plant of Catuaí Vermelho cultivar 144, 12 years old, pruned in 2014. Three intercrops (corn, chia and beans) in two spacings (30.0cm and 60.0cm) plus two additional treatments without intercropping (slashing or applying herbicide) were implanted in the soil. In the crop year 2016/17, a delay in the fruit maturation was observed in the treatment with intercropping spaced at 30.0cm, when compared to the same crops at 60.0cm spacing. The maturation of the fruits in the 2017/18 crop year was delayed in the treatments of consorts spaced at 60.0cm, when compared with the additional treatment. There was an expressive increase of cercosporiosis with cropping culture spacing 60.0cm. It was also observed that the average yield of coffee in the 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop years was affected by the interplant cultures implanted in the spacing of 30.0cm. In general, regardless of the spacings, intercropping negatively influenced the productivity of coffee in both 2016/17 and 2017/2018 crop years.
Holo-polo, or the sweet tales of the Holocaust
Authors: CHUTNIK SYLWIA
Published: March 2022

This article describes the phenomenon of editorial kitsch trends around the Holocaust literature and its impact on the Holocaust memory. "Holo-polo" is a way of dealing with the “discomfort” of the horrors of war and violence, by creating a more comfortable version of it. The article problematizes the ways of representation of a frequently debated and controversial issue, the Holocaust. By analyzing individual publications, the article addresses the issues of memory, forgetting, objectivity and truth of historical representation, and, inevitably, the ethical issue of historical fiction. The article argues that embellishing the history of the Holocaust is not only inappropriate, but also indecent. Instead of describing the horrors of the Holocaust, Holo-polo trivializes and misrepresents its significance, depicting melancholy, sentiment, and nostalgia in the light of a pop-cultural emotional trap. Or maybe is it just being moved by our own emotions. Kitschy clichés are misused and certainly do not serve memory, literature, or respect for Holocaust victims and survivors.
The role of membrane and circulating forms of ACE 2 in pathological processes in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Cheburkin Y. V. , Sonin D. L. , Polozov A. S. , Mateikovich P. A. , Savochkina E. V. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: March 2022

The review analyzes milestone information about the function and pathogenic significance of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is involved in the development of diseases such as hypertension, malabsorption of certain amino acids in the intestine, and a new type of pneumonia COVID-19 caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus. Based on the latest literary sources, an assessment is made of the role of differential expression of receptor and soluble forms of this protein in the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as the mechanisms of ACE2 participation in the sequential chemical conversion of angiotensin II and its effect on the function of the cardiovascular system. The role of ACE2 in the development of inflammatory processes in the intestine and its effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota are also discussed. In addition, the review presents most general data on the proteolytic activation of the S-glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its participation, together with ACE2, in the process of virus introduction into the host cell. In conclusion, the hypothesis about autoimmune complications of COVID-19 associated with the formation of the S-glycoproteinACE2 immune complex and the production of autoantibodies is considered.
Reduced renal function in hypertension in young adults: a systematic review
Authors: Khudiakova A. D. , Ragino Yu. I.
Published: March 2022

Objective. The aim of the systematic review was to find an answer to the question: «does an increased blood pressure affect kidney function at young age?».

Design and methods. The following key words were used to search for relevant publications: “hypertensive nephropathy”, “reduction of glomerular filtration rate in arterial hypertension” in Russian and English. We used “eLIBRARY.RU — SCIENTIFIC ELECTRONIC LIBRARY” and PubMed.gov databases. The inclusion criteria were the young age of the examined patients (from 18 to 44 years), the absence of concomitant pathology. The analysis included only publications of the last 5 years (2015-2020).

Results. A total of 18 articles were selected from Russian and international databases that meet inclusion criteria.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the literature of the last 5 years we assume that increase in blood pressure disrupts kidney function in young people. However, the current data a number of limitations. Until now, gender characteristics, risk factors for decreased renal function in hypertension in young people, and most importantly, the pathogenetic basis of renal dysfunction remain unclear.
Features of functional adaptation of the cardiovascular system in athletes with different levels of blood pressure
Authors: Mestnikova E. N. , Zakharova F. A. , Makharova N. V. , Pinigina I. A.
Published: March 2022

Objective. To assess cardiovascular functional adaptation in athletes with different levels of blood pressure (BP) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Design and methods. We examined 147 professional athletes of high sportsmanship (average age 22 (18; 26) years), cyclic and speed-weightlifting sports. All athletes underwent anthropometry, measurement of office BP and daily BP monitoring, exercise test (PWC170), with determination of maximum oxygen consumption, assessment of the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system, echocardiography.

Results. Masked hypertension (MH) was detected in 40,8% of athletes, normal BP in 59,2%. All athletes showed a high tolerance to physical activity; athletes with MH showed high indices of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and myocardial mass index compared with athletes with normal BP. The athletes with MH achieve a high level of physical performance due to a less efficient hemodynamic mechanism and energy-intense regimen. A positive correlation was found between LV wall thickness and indicators of cardiovascular functional reserves.

Conclusions. MH was detected in 40,8% athletes. In athletes with different BP levels, quantitative and qualitative differences in ensuring physical performance are expressed by the ratio between the “initial” (rest) and “maximum” (test with physical load) indicators of the functional state. Thus, in athletes with MH, inefficient hemodynamic and energy-intensive processes can lead to overstrain of the cardiovascular system. Indicators of functional reserves of the cardiovascular system positively correlate with indicators of LV myocardial wall thickness and myocardial mass index, which may indirectly indicate the relation between cardiovascular overstrain in athletes with MH and target organ damage (LV hypertrophy).
Modified methods of polygepatography and peripheral arterial tonometry in the assessment of peripheral circulation regulation
Authors: Manasyan S. G. , Ermolov S. Yu. , Apresyan A. G. , Arutyunyan A. V.
Published: March 2022

Objective. The purpose of the work was to assess the application of modified ways of polyhepatography (PHG) and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) in the evaluation of regulation of peripheral circulation (capillary blood flow).

Design and methods. We included 150 people, divided into four groups. The first group (n = 40) includes patients with stage II hypertension, moderate and high risk of cardiovascular complications. The second group (n = 40) includes patients with stable forms of coronary heart disease in combination with hypertension. The third group (n = 40) includes patients with chronic liver diseases. The fourth group (n = 30) consisted of subjects without anamnestic and objective data of pathology. All subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, an assessment of intrahepatic hemodynamics by the PGG method, an assessment of the endothelial function by the PAT method. A modified method of PAT was used to evaluate the central reaction of the peripheral blood flow regulation system (endothelium-independent vasodilation).

Results. Endothelial dysfunction was found in patients with cardiovascular pathology and in patients with chronic liver diseases. A modified method of PAT showed a multidirectional reaction of peripheral blood flow to the test with local ischemia. A number of features were identified in the study groups when assessing disorders of intrahepatic microcirculation. Patients of group I had multidirectional disorders of arteriovenous inflow (45% cases, confidence interval (CI) from 27 % to 63 %) and outflow (37,5 %, CI from 22 % to 56 %) in the liver, while in patients of group II and group III, disorders of arteriovenous inflow were more common, 85 % (CI from 70 % to 95%) and 90% (82 % to 94%), respectively. Rheographic signs of bile passage disorders were more common in groups II  and III. A significant negative relationship was established between endothelial dysfunction and the severity of intrahepatic microcirculation disorders (r = –0,35, p < 0,001).

Conclusions. Modified methods of peripheral arterial tone and PHG enable assessment of local and central mechanisms of blood flow regulation at the microvascular level in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic liver diseases. The relationship between impaired endothelial function and intrahepatic microcirculation allows us to consider the liver as a target organ in cardiovascular pathology.
Evolution of modern humans is a result of self-amplifying feedbacks beginning in the Miocene and continuing without interruption until now
Authors: Henneberg Maciej , Eckhardt Robert B.
Published: March 2022

Humans are a part of the complex system of life. This consists of a multitude of feedbacks among all parts of living systems. In the case of human origins, many feedbacks became positive rather than homeostatic, thus producing self-amplifying effects in basic morphological and behavioural characteristics of emerging humans: erect bipedalism, social structure, tool-making, food procurement and environmental management, symbolic communication, sexuality, extended childhood, and mental capacities. These, plus many other human characteristics, changed gradually, though at varying rates, over the last 6 million years, producing directional variation in extant morphological and behavioural characteristics of what are considered modern humans. The change through time and geographic space of those characteristics is an ongoing dynamic process, thus it is futile to pose essentialist questions about the precise date and place of the modern human origins. Modernity is a process, not an endpoint.
Association of early menarche with elevated BMI, lower body height and relative leg length among 14- to 16-year-old post-menarcheal girls from a Maya community in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Datta Banik Sudip
Published: March 2022

Human body segments have different timing and tempo of growth. Early menarche (EM) as an indicator of early reproductive maturity results in a shortened height and leg length. Relatively larger trunk may increase risk for more body fat deposit and higher body mass index (BMI) due to the allometry of total body fat with body proportions. The objective of the study was to assess the association of EM with BMI, absolute body size [height, sitting height (SH), subischial leg length (SLL)] and relative body dimensions [sitting height to subischial leg length ratio (SHSLLR), relative subischial leg length (RSLL)] among 14- to 16-year-old post-menarcheal girls from a rural Maya community in Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Mexico. In a cross-sectional study, post-menarcheal girls (n=51) aged 14 to 16 years had EM (n=22) (<12 years of age) and not early menarche (NEM, n=29). Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and SH were recorded. Derived variables were BMI, height and BMI-for-age z-scores, SLL, SHSLLR, and RSLL. Mean value of age at menarche (AM) was 13 years (EM 11 years, NEM 14 years). Mean values of height (EM 159 cm, NEM 164 cm), BMI (EM 20 kg/m2, NEM 19 kg/m2), sitting height (EM 81 cm, NEM 78 cm), SLL (EM 79 cm, NEM 85 cm), SHSLLR (EM 102.93%, NEM 92.03%), and RSLL (EM 49%, NEM 52%) were different (p<0.05) in the two groups. BMI showed significant negative correlation with AM (Pearson’s r=-0.29, p<0.04). Linear regression models adjusted for age showed that EM had different interrelationships (p<0.05) with body dimensions: positive with BMI, SH, SHSLLR, and negative with height, SLL, and RSLL. Earlier AM was associated with higher BMI, SH, SHSLLR and lower SLL, RSLL, explaining lower body height and leg length among the participant EM girls. In the light of life history theory, EM results in a growth trade-off, short stature and larger trunk relative to leg length that might enhance risk for body fat gain.
A CASA-PÁTIO
Authors: Braga Enilton
Published: March 2022

Por meio de uma aproximação metafórica do conceito heideggeriano da Clareira do Ser (die Lichtung) com a Clareira da casa-pátio, o pátio interno doméstico, este artigo tem como objetivo revisitar o tema deste ancestral arquétipo residencial arquitetônico, sob perspectiva da fenomenologia. Este texto pretende trazer à luz conceitos e etimologias que contribuam para o debate sobre a peculiar atmosfera e ambiência única dos pátios internos, incitando que novas reflexões resultem em novas possibilidades.
The Effect of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Glycemic Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies
Authors: Bitsanis Demetrios , Giannakou Konstantinos , Hadjimbei Elena , Chrysostomou Stavri
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:Early time-restricted feeding (eTRF) is a new dietary strategy, involving extended fasting (≥14h) from mid- afternoon onwards with or without calorie restriction. Most of the published studies indicate controversial effects on several glycemic markers.AIM: To evaluate the effect of non-calorie restricted eTRF on the glycemic profile of adults.METHOD:this systematic review was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed/ Medline, the Cochrane library and EBSCO electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible clinical trials. Studies with eTRF or with daily fasting regimens that presented all the characteristics of eTRF were selected and compared with regular diet schedules or delayed time-restricted feeding. Blood glucose and insulin markers were extracted from each study as the main outcome measures.RESULTS:Five articles including 67 adult subjects in total were selected. The period of intervention varied between 3 days to 5 weeks. Three of the included studies were diet- controlled for weight maintenance, whereas the other two studies allowed for free living. Quality assessment identified two studies of low and three studies of high risk of bias. two studies showed clear positive effects of eTRF on both glucose and insulin markers, including fasting glucose levels, muscle glucose intake, glucose iAUC responses insulin levels, and insulin resistance (p<0.05). Two other studies showed beneficial effects on glucose markers only (fasting glucose, 24h mean glucose levels, and iAUC responses, p<0.05) and the fifth study showed positive effects on insulin markers only (insulin resistance, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:eTRF seems to have positive effects on the glycemic profile mainly in healthy individuals with normal BMI. However, other factors should also be taken into account to address overweight, obese, and prediabetic individuals. Further research is required to clarify better the effectiveness of eTRF among individuals with different characteristics.
Taliban Taxation in Afghanistan: (2006-2021)
Authors: Amiri Rahmatullah , Jackson Ashley
Published: March 2022

Before taking control of Afghanistan in August 2021, the Taliban had developed a remarkably state-like revenue collection system throughout the country. This ICTD research explores how that came to be, and what factors shaped the various forms of Taliban taxation. Drawing primarily on fieldwork from Helmand, Ghazni and Kunduz provinces, this paper explores in depth three commonplace types of Taliban taxation: ushr (effectively a harvest tax, applied to both legal crops as well as opium), taxation on transport of goods (similar to customs), and taxes on aid interventions. The paper pays particular attention to geographic variation, exploring how and why each practice evolved differently at the subnational level.
Sulfonated Nano-bentonit as Doping Material in Chtiosan/PVA membrane in Fuel cell Application
Authors: Ariesta Nina
Published: March 2022

Electrolyte membrane of fuel cell is the main component that plays a role in separating the reactants and being a means of transporting hydrogen ions produced by the anode reaction to the cathode so that the reaction at the cathode produces electrical energy. Chitosan/PVA/Nanobentonite based membrane was made of natural bentonite form Karang Tengah, Bogor. The study was conducted to know the effect of particle size of doping materials added to chitosan/PVA membrane for fuel cell. The method used in the experiment was casting method with variation of concentration of sulfonated bentonite. Then, membranes were namely C/PVA/n-ben 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9. The membrane that had been synthesized was identified by swelling test, proton conductivity test and cation exchange capacity test then characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The result of the experiment showed the best swelling test was presented on the membrane with concentration of 0.9% sulfonated bentonite by 62.79% and the best proton conductivity test was shown on a membrane with a concentration of 0.6% sulfonated bentonite which was 2.24 x 10-6 S/cm, supported by the result of the cation exchange capacity data.
Determination of Heavy Metals and Other Toxic Elements In Four Brands of Commercial Bottled Water From Indonesia Market By ICP/MS
Authors: Alam Tunas
Published: March 2022

Heavy metals and toxic elements four brands of commercial bottled water from Indonesia market were analyzed by using Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The heavy metals and toxic elements to be analyzed were copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn). The results are the heavy metals and toxic elements from all commercial water samples were below the permissible level of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hence, this determination clarify no risk about quality and safety of commercial bottled water for public drinking water.
Reduction of Fe Levels in Groundwater Using Aeration-Filtration Method with Tray Aerator System
Authors: Sari Yelfira
Published: March 2022

The presence of high iron (Fe) content in water consumption is a major factor that causes health and aesthetic problems. Its amount in water samples can be reduced by combining the aeration and filtration methods of water treatment. The aeration method basically involves making direct contact between air and water, which is usually done by adding both together. Subsequently, the filtration method uses porous media like sand, gravel, and activated charcoal to filter water.This research compares the effectiveness of aeration, filtration, and combined aeration-filtration methods of water treatment. For the aeration method, a form of trays aerator arranged in 6 levels with a distance of 20cm is used along with a varied contact time duration of 1, 3, and 5 hours. In addition, quartz sand, activated carbon, palm fiber, and coral were used as the media for the filtration method. The results obtained as the % value of iron (Fe) removal were varied at a contact time of 1, 3, and 5 hours for both the aeration and combined aeration-filtration method, and 46.95; 78.2; 82.48; 72.32; 81.71; 87.24; and 70.44 for the filtration method shows the working effectiveness of the tools. The combination of aeration with filtration provides maximum results when compared to using aeration alone or filtration methods alone.
Absorption Methanyl Yellow Dye Using Hydrogel of Cassava Peel Starch (Manihot esculenta Cranzt)
Authors: Firnanelty Firnanelty
Published: March 2022

Hydrogel of cassava peel starch was successfully decreased methanyl yellow dye. This adsorbent was employed to adsorb typical organic cationic dye contaminants from high concentration effluents. This study aimed to determine characteristic of cassava peel starch hydrogel and ability of hydrogel increased dyes. The stages of hydrogel consist of extracting cassava peel starch, making a starch solution, making hydrogel, testing water absorption, and analysing with FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results have obtained that the cassava peel starch hydrogel had have N-H group. Result of hydrogel had been contacted with dyes that showed N=N and S=O groups from the initial functional groups of cassava peel starch in FTIR spectum. The highest absorption of hydrogel was at 30 ppm methanyl yellow dye concentration, which was 31.72%. This result showed that the hydrogel of cassava peel starch can be used as an absorbent of methanyl yellow dye.
Pengaruh Oligarki Dalam Pilkada Ogan Ilir 2015
Authors: Kurniawan Mohd
Published: March 2022

This research is about the local oligarchy in the 2015 election of Ogan Ilir. The purpose of this study is to find out how the local political oligarchy occurred in the Ogan Ilir election. And what factors caused the local political oligarchy. This study uses Jeffrey A. Winter's theory, Oligarchy typology, political resources, and Vedi R. Hadiz's theory, Oligarchy operationalization patterns at the local level. This research method uses qualitative research with a political sociology approach. Then the data sources are parties who are able to read from the local level oligarchic movements from academics, socio-political observers, mass organizations engaged in socio-political and also data from related agencies such as election organizers, data collected through the observation process. , in-depth interviews and documentation, data analysis through data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that the 2015 Ogan Ilir Pilkada became Oligarchy when the candidate pairs for the Ogan Ilir Pilkada appeared to have political advantages that were exclusively individual and also came from among the local political elite families. official position, formal political rights, intervention power, mobilization power, and material power.
Politik Pendidikan di Indonesia di Masa Pandemi: Respon Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Sulaeman Kirana Mahdiah , Ramaditya Fauzan , Putra Haelvyn Pratagrahana
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact not only on public health, but also on the education system. With the government's advocacy of physical distancing, students from various universities in Indonesia are forced to adopt the Distance Learning method or online learning. However, along with the extension of the physical distancing recommendation, there was anxiety among students regarding the effectiveness of Distance Learning. In fact, according to a survey from the Director General of Higher Education, 70% of lecturers and students are satisfied with the Distance Learning method. This study explores qualitatively how students actually respond to distance learning. Researchers interviewed a number of students spread across three universities in Indonesia. The finding of this study is that although most of the participants experienced an increase in their academic achievement index scores, all participants felt uncomfortable with distance learning and preferred the normal teaching-learning process. This inconvenience is caused by many constraints such as cost and access to the internet, inadequate teaching methods for lecturers, lack of interaction and learning motivation, lack of support from the surrounding environment for learning, and technical problems. This finding is analyzed using the perspective of politics of education. The authors argue that the implementation of politics of education in Indonesia is still not ideal due to the sudden pandemic.

Keywords : politics of education, students, distance learning, COVID-19 pandemic

Abstrak

Pandemi COVID-19 tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga sistem pendidikan. Dengan adanya kewajiban physical distancing dari pemerintah, mahasiswa dari berbagai universitas di Indonesia terpaksa melakukan metode Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Dengan demikian, PJJ menjadi bagian tidak terelakkan dari politik pendidikan di Indonesia sejak tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggali secara kualitatif bagaimana sebenarnya respon mahasiswa terhadap Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. Peneliti mewawancarai sejumlah mahasiswa yang tersebar di tiga universitas di Indonesia. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun sebagian besar partisipan mengalami peningkatan nilai indeks prestasi akademik, semua partisipan merasa tidak nyaman dengan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh dan lebih memilih proses belajar-mengajar secara normal. Ketidaknyamanan ini diakibatkan oleh banyaknya kendala seperti biaya dan akses ke internet, cara mengajar dosen yang tidak ideal, kurangnya interaksi serta motivasi belajar, kurangnya dukungan lingkungan sekitar untuk belajar, dan masalah teknis. Temuan ini kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan perspektif politik pendidikan dan penulis berargumen bahwa implementasi politik pendidikan di Indonesia masih belum ideal akibat pandemi yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba.

Kata Kunci : politik pendidikan mahasiswa, Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh, pandemi COVID-19
Batería DELOCA
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Mexico, Guerrero Lilián
Published: March 2022

Descripciones locativas de figuras animadas e inanimadas (Batería DELOCA) es un instrumento de elicitación no verbal creado para documentar relaciones topológicas de la figura con respecto al fondo. Esta Batería está diseñada para usarse en el trabajo de campo y complementa otros instrumentos de recolección de datos, como los elaborados por el Grupo de Investigación de Lenguaje y Cognición del Instituto Max Planck de Psicolingüística. El estudio de las relaciones espaciales, entre ellas las topológicas, contribuye a la tipología semántica. Los datos obtenidos a través de los instrumentos no verbales permiten el estudio, en lenguas particulares y tipológico, de los elementos predicativos en cláusulas locativas. El término de cláusulas y descripciones locativas se utiliza en un sentido amplio pues se incluyen estímulos orientados a locaciones estáticas (predicados estativos) y estímulos dirigidos a procesos de cambio de postura (predicados incoativos y causativos) de entidades humanas, animadas e inanimadas. La Batería DELOCA es el resultado de los proyectos de investigación UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IN401816 y IN400919 a cargo de la Dra. Lilián Guerrero, por lo tanto, es propiedad intelectual de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. La Batería puede descargarse y usarse de manera gratuita con los créditos correspondientes. La publicación libre de la batería busca incentivar el trabajo colaborativo. Se invita a los investigadores, estudiantes y otros usuarios a compartir los resultados obtenidos con este y otros instrumentos con la responsable del proyecto para ampliar nuestro conocimiento de las descripciones locativas en las lenguas de América y el mundo, y poder conformar una bibliografía actualizada disponible a la comunidad.
Hungarians working abroad, non-residents working in Hungary (Difficulties in the statistical enumeration)
Authors: Lakatos Judit
Published: March 2022

Although the understanding of international migration is important for both the countries of origin and countries of destination, the tools of statistics are quite insufficient. The EU LFS (EU Labour Force Survey), which may be considered as mirror statistics and a target survey as well, is an important data source, nevertheless, methodological pitfalls may occur. Until the recent years, Hungary was hardly affected by the migration process of the EU, so its recording was less important. As a result of the 2008 crisis, however, the number of people working abroad has increased, and the growth was further intensified by lifting the restrictions in the Austrian and German labour market in the spring of 2011. For Hungary, the three main EU countries of destination are Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. Labour movements to these countries include commuting, which can be traced by the Hungarian LFS. Migration processes have typical characteristics by the countries of destination, while the data sources available for estimating the size of migration and the relevance of their information are different also by countries. For recording the labour migration to Hungary, there are several administrative data sources, so it is not necessary to use the less reliable data of population surveys.
Great periods of the Hungarian minimum subsistence calculation in international comparison
Authors: Havasi Éva
Published: March 2022

In addition to giving a short international outlook, the paper aims to provide a historical summary of the Hungarian minimum subsistence calculation. The theoretical and practical arguments for and against this practice are also introduced.
The Encapsulation Process of Flavonoid from Kepel Seeds (Stelechocarpus burahol)
Authors: Rofiqah Umi , Ananda Diora , Nurrahmah Ilhamy
Published: March 2022

Flavonoid contained in Kepel seeds was extracted and encapsulated using a crosslinker agent of natrium tripolyphosphate (NaTTP) aiming for protection of the flavonoid content as an antioxidant. Extraction was carried out in variation of ethanol concentration and time extraction to obtain the best extract flavonoid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) method was used to determine the presence of flavonoids in the extract. Total flavonoids (TF) analysis was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained in the extract with 50% ethanol concentration was 2.427% for one hour and 2.888% for two hours.