bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAZO-VAQT TAHLILI VA TAYANCH VEKTOR MASHINASI ASOSIDA YONG‘INNI TEZKOR ANIQLASH ALGORITMI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, R Axatov M R Tojiyev A
Published: April 2023

Statsionar video kuzatuv kamerasida olingan hamda yozib olingan video tasvirlar ketma-ketligida tutunni aniqlash algoritmi taklif etilgan. Birinchi bosqichda kadr kontrasti yaxshilanadi. So‘ngra dinamik va statik xususiyatlarni tahlil qilish asosida videoda harakat tezligi sekin bo‘lgan joylarni aniqlash amalga oshiriladi. Buning uchun modifikatsiyalangan fonni olib tashlash va rang segmentatsiyasi qo‘llaniladi. Ikkinchi bosqichda kichik o‘lchamdagi bloklarning fazo-vaqt tahlili o‘tkazilib oldingi bosqichdagi segmentlangan maydonlar uchun shakllanadi. Uchinchi bosqichda kovariatsiya deskriptorlari asosida xususiyatlar to‘plamlari yaratiladi va tasniflash uchun radial asosli yadro funktsiyasiga ega tayanch vektor mashinasi ishlatiladi. Ushbu algoritmdan statik kamera orqali real vaqtda olingan videotasvirlarda yong‘inni tezkor aniqlashda samarali foydalanish mumkin.
АНАЛИЗ ПЕРЕНОСА ВЕЩЕСТВА В ПОРИСТОЙ СРЕДЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИФФУЗИОННОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ С МНОГО-ЧЛЕННЫМИ ДРОБНЫМИ ПРОИЗВОДНЫМИ ПО ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, Х Хужаёров Б , И Усмонов А , Б Холлиев Ф
Published: April 2023

В работе рассматривается численное решение уравнения диффузии с много-членными дробными производными по времени в конечной области. Определены профили изменения концентрации вещества. Оценено влияние порядка производной по координате и времени, т.е. фрактальной размерности среды, на характеристики переноса вещества. Результаты проанализированы для случая, когда уравнение диффузии содержит сумму членов с разными порядками производной по времени.
Recent surge of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients: clinicians’ perspective from systems
genomics
Authors: Mehta Sudhir , Medicherla Krishna Mohan , Subramanyam Ayyagari , Kishor PB Kavi , Suravajhala Prashanth
Published: April 2023

Mucormycosis has been largely associated with COVID-19 patients. With the growing number of cases, there is an immediate need to understand the treatment regimen for COVID-19 which could predispose to mucormycosis infection. The authors have highlighted the points from clinicians’ perspective.
Two new species and a new record of Astrocystis from Southwestern China
Authors: Li Qi-Rui , Wu You-Peng , Pi Yin-Hui , Long Si-Han , Wijaywardene Nalin N. , Suwannarach Nakarin , Liu Li-Li
Published: April 2023

In this study, three species of Astrocystis were collected from bamboo culms in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in China. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses (based on ITS, rpb2, βtubulin and α-actin gene regions) supported the proposal of two new species viz., Astrocystis pseudomirabilis sp. nov. and A. tessellati sp. nov. and a new record of A. sublimbata from China. Astrocystis pseudomirabilis can be distinguished from A. mirabilis by its larger stromata (0.64–0.83 × 0.38–0.52 mm vs. 0.4–0.6 × 0.2–0.5 mm) and larger ascospores (11–14 × 6–8 μm vs. 10–12 × 4.5–6 μm). Astrocystis tessellati differs from A. multiloculata by its smaller ascospores (16.2–19.2 × 7.2–9 μm vs. 19–25 × 7–11 μm). Astrocystis pseudomirabilis and A. tessellati form two distinct clades within
Astrocystis.
Impact of school health clinic on school attendance rate: A prospective interventional study
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, C. B. Ahumaraeze , N. A. Akani ,   Department of Paediatrics University of port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: April 2023

Internationally, in spite of the fact that school age children do not suffer from the high mortality of preschool children; there exist significant burden of morbidity among them. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of school health clinic on school attendance rate within Owerri Municipal LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess school health services in 36 government approved primary (12 public and 24 private) schools within Owerri Municipal LGA. Relevant data was obtained from school head teachers using an evaluation scale and direct observation was done where applicable. The responses were scored using the School Health Programme evaluation scale. Thereafter, a prospective (pre-test – post-test) study was carried out in two public primary schools between May to December 2017 (two academic terms). Within the period (September to December 2017) an intervention was carried out which involved the running of school clinics in two selected public primary schools. School attendances were kept during the preintervention and intervention periods using a check off list for monitoring daily attendances and reasons for absenteeism. The total absenteeism rate was significantly higher in the intervention period than the pre intervention period (p= 0.001). Illness (21.5%) was the commonest reason for absenteeism while fever was the most frequently encountered presenting complaint in the school clinic. Absenteeism due to Illness was significantly lower after the introduction of clinic (16.9%) than in the pre intervention period (26.5%). Keywords: Impact, school health, clinic and school attendance rate.
Instructional Quality and Faculty Behaviors in Virtual Exchange Programs: A Study of Higher Education Institutions from Philippines and Indonesia
Authors: Olipas Cris Norman P.
Published: April 2023

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual faculty and student exchange program between a higher education institution (HEI) in the Philippines and Indonesia. Data were collected from selected student participants from the higher education institutions from both countries using a descriptive research design. The study found that the program was successful in terms of instructional quality and behaviors of instructors, with respondents viewing the quality of course materials, structure, and delivery as high. The instructors were also observed to exhibit positive and great behaviors, creating a favorable learning environment for their students. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the assessment based on demographic profiles and the evaluation of the quality of course materials, structure, and delivery, as well as the views on the behaviors of the instructors. These results can serve as a foundation for improving future similar international endeavors using ICT as a medium. The study suggested that ICT can be a promising tool for international exchange programs, providing high-quality education for students from different countries. These findings can aid in the design and implementation of future international endeavors in higher education institutions.
The disgusting self: developing and validating an implicit measure of self-disgust
Authors:   , Robson Anna Catherine
Published: April 2023

Self-disgust is a negative self-conscious emotion schema (Powell et al., 2015) that originates from the basic emotion of disgust but is directed to the self. Self-disgust can be directed towards the self, commonly referred to as self-disgust “self” (e.g., "I find myself repulsive") or to one’s actions, referred to as self-disgust “ways” (e.g., "I often do things I find revolting") (Overton et al., 2008). The concept of self-disgust as an emotion schema highlights the fact that it is a lasting cognitive-affective construct, that requires some level of self-awareness (Powell et al., 2015). There are two main measures for self-disgust, which are both self-report questionnaires; the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS; Overton et al., 2008) and the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Self-Disgust (QASD; Schienle et al., 2014). Although self-report measures can offer insight into the experience of self-disgust, there are several limitations to their use. The aim of the present PhD thesis was to develop and validate a new implicit association test (IAT) to measure self-disgust. To do so, a systematic literature review (Chapter 2) was conducted to understand the relationship between self-disgust and mental health difficulties in clinical and non-clinical populations. The development of the implicit self-disgust measure involved four studies. Study 1 (word validation study) used a sample of university students to validate a set of disgust-related words and happy words, matched for length. This process resulted in 27 word-pairs (disgust-happy) that were used subsequently in the development of the IAT. In Study 2, the newly developed IAT was validated in a sample of adults, which included two target categories (self and other) alongside two attribute categories (disgust and happy). Study 3 involved development and validation of a single-target IAT (removing the “other” target category) in a sample of healthy adults. Finally, Study 4, used the single-target IAT, in a population with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or trauma-related experiences, which is known to exhibit high levels of self-disgust. Overall, the findings from the four studies, suggest that self-disgust may not reflect automatic, implicit cognitive processes, as measured by IATs. Rather, self-disgust requires reflective processes that are more readily captured using self-report measures. An extensive discussion on the utility of IAT in the context of self-disgust and the limitations of the current thesis are presented in the last chapter.
Student knowledge and perceptions of climate change and environmental sustainability at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Irlam J , Razzack Z , Rother H-A
Published: April 2023

Background. Climate change and polluting healthcare systems are significant threats to public health. Education about planetary health and environmentally sustainable healthcare is needed to equip health professionals to meet these challenges.Objectives. To assess the knowledge, perceptions and understanding of climate change and environmental sustainability among undergraduate health sciences students at the Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Cape Town (UCT).

Methods. Two student-led focus groups helped to design a cross-sectional survey of all undergraduate health sciences students. The survey findings were analysed quantitatively and thematically.Results. The 264 respondents included 211 medical and 53 health and rehabilitation students. Two-thirds of respondents (64.4%) claimed awareness but little understanding of climate change, which was understood mainly as changes in weather and climate patterns (40%) as a result of human activities (96.6%). Most (72%) were aware of the concept of environmental sustainability, but with little understanding. Students’ main sources of information about climate change were the internet (84.1%) and social media (77.3%). Two-thirds believed that climate change will highly impact their patients’ health and quality of life. Most (58.3%) thought that health professionals can help to prevent climate change by educating patients and promoting sustainable lifestyles. Nearly half (47.3%) thought it important to teach climate change and environmental sustainability in the curriculum.

Conclusion. Climate change and environmental sustainability have been poorly incorporated into current FHS, UCT curricula. Students acknowledged that these concepts are important and should be taught. The FHS should integrate planetary health and environmental sustainability into its curricula, in line with global efforts.
How is South Africa going to implement NHI when corruption is so rampant?
Authors: Dhai A
Published: April 2023

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Correspondence and reply
Authors: Semete-Makokotlela Boitumelo , Parish Andy , Gray Andy , Blockman Marc , Rees Helen
Published: April 2023

Not applicable
An umbrella review of systematic reviews on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer prevention and management, and patient needs
Authors: Muka Taulant , Li Joshua JX , Farahani Sahar J , Ioannidis John PA
Published: April 2023

The relocation and reconstruction of health care resources and systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected cancer care. An umbrella review was undertaken to summarize the findings from systematic reviews on impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer treatment modification, delays, and cancellations; delays or cancellations in screening and diagnosis; psychosocial well-being, financial distress, and use of telemedicine as well as on other aspects of cancer care. Bibliographic databases were searched for relevant systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis published before November 29th, 2022. Abstract, full- text screening, and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. AMSTAR-2 was used for critical appraisal of included systematic reviews. Fifty-one systematic reviews were included in our analysis. Most reviews were based on observational studies judged to be at medium and high risk of bias. Only two reviews had high or moderate scores based on AMSTAR-2. Findings suggest treatment modifications in cancer care during the pandemic versus the pre-pandemic period were based on low level of evidence. Different degrees of delays and cancellations in cancer treatment, screening, and diagnosis were observed, with low- and- middle- income countries and countries that implemented lockdowns being disproportionally affected. A shift from in-person appointments to telemedicine use was observed, but utility of telemedicine, challenges in implementation and cost-effectiveness in cancer care were little explored. Evidence was consistent in suggesting psychosocial well-being of patients with cancer deteriorated, and cancer patients experienced financial distress, albeit results were in general not compared to pre-pandemic levels. Impact of cancer care disruption during the pandemic on cancer prognosis was little explored. In conclusion, substantial but heterogenous impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care has been observed.
An Unexpected Role of Neutrophils in Clearing Apoptotic Hepatocytes In Vivo
Authors: Cao Luyang , Ma Lixiang , Zhao Juan , Wang Xiangyu , Fan Xinzou , Li Wei , Qi Yawen , Tang Yingkui , Liu Jieya , Peng Shengxian , Yang Li , Zhou Liangxue , Li Li , Hu Xiaobo , Ji Yuan , Hou Yingyong , Zhao Yi , Zhang Xianming , Zhao Youyang , Zhao Yong , Wei Yuquan , Malik Asrar B. , Saiyin Hexige , Xu Jingsong
Published: April 2023

Billions of apoptotic cells are removed daily in a human adult by professional phagocytes (e.g. macrophages) and neighboring nonprofessional phagocytes (e.g. stromal cells). Despite being a type of professional phagocyte, neutrophils are thought to be excluded from apoptotic sites to avoid tissue inflammation. Here we report a fundamental and unexpected role of neutrophils as the predominant phagocyte responsible for the clearance of apoptotic hepatic cells in the steady state. In contrast to the engulfment of dead cells by macrophages, neutrophils burrowed directly into apoptotic hepatocytes, a process we term
perforocytosis
, and ingested the effete cells from the inside. The depletion of neutrophils caused defective removal of apoptotic bodies, induced tissue injury in the mouse liver and led to the generation of autoantibodies. Human autoimmune liver disease showed similar defects in the neutrophil-mediated clearance of apoptotic hepatic cells. Hence, neutrophils possess a specialized immunologically silent mechanism for the clearance of apoptotic hepatocytes through perforocytosis, and defects in this key housekeeping function of neutrophils contribute to the genesis of autoimmune liver disease.
A generic binding pocket for small molecule IKs activators at the extracellular inter-subunit interface of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 channel complexes
Authors: Chan Magnus , Sahakyan Harutyun , Eldstrom Jodene , Sastre Daniel , Wang Yundi , Dou Ying , Pourrier Marc , Vardanyan Vitya , Fedida David
Published: April 2023

The cardiac
I

Ks

ion channel comprises KCNQ1, calmodulin, and KCNE1 in a dodecameric complex which provides a repolarizing current reserve at higher heart rates and protects from arrhythmia syndromes that cause fainting and sudden death. Pharmacological activators of
I

Ks

are therefore of interest both scientifically and therapeutically for treatment of
I

Ks

loss-of-function disorders. One group of chemical activators are only active in the presence of the accessory KCNE1 subunit and here we investigate this phenomenon using molecular modeling techniques and mutagenesis scanning in mammalian cells. A generalized activator binding pocket is formed extracellularly by KCNE1, the domain-swapped S1 helices of one KCNQ1 subunit and the pore/turret region made up of two other KCNQ1 subunits. A few residues, including K41, A44 and Y46 in KCNE1, W323 in the KCNQ1 pore, and Y148 in the KCNQ1 S1 domain, appear critical for the binding of structurally diverse molecules, but in addition, molecular modeling studies suggest that induced fit by structurally different molecules underlies the generalized nature of the binding pocket. Activation of
I

Ks

is enhanced by stabilization of the KCNQ1-S1/KCNE1/pore complex, which ultimately slows deactivation of the current, and promotes outward current summation at higher pulse rates. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation of enhanced
I

Ks

currents by these activator compounds and provide a map for future design of more potent therapeutically useful molecules.Combined, KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits generate the
I

Ks

current. Activating
I

Ks

has been identified as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat arrhythmogenesis resulting from delayed repolarization. In this study, we uncovered a common drug-induced binding site accessed by two structurally diverse
I

Ks

activators, mefenamic acid and DIDS. Located in the extracellular interface where KCNE1 interacts with KCNQ1, we propose that binding of drugs to this location impairs channel closing and leads to enhanced current activation. This is shown to be particularly beneficial at higher pulse rates and explains how such drugs may make an important contribution to the electrical repolarization reserve in the heart.
AHP Evaluation Software for Intelligent Reform of Computer Majors in Colleges Based on Interactive Intelligent Testing Algorithm
Authors: Ling Zhang
Published: April 2023

Mathematics and other cross-composition, its content is very abstract, theoretically strong, students have great difficulty in the learning process. In the new era, in order to further improve the teaching quality of data structure courses for computer majors in colleges and universities, when generating test cases, the one·test-at-a-time strategy is used to generate test cases that cover more total gains through sequential optimization ant colony algorithm. The pheromone update adopts a phased approach. The AHP method is used to evaluate the importance of each influencing factor, and then according to the weight of each influencing factor, the curriculum setting of computer majors in higher vocational colleges is modularized and refined, and a computer curriculum setting plan suitable for the characteristics of higher vocational colleges is formulated accordingly.
ghiDevelopment of a Bipolar Marx Pulse Generator Using Buck-Boost Converter
Authors: Roshan Saber , Allahbakhshi Mehdi , Farjah Ebrahim , Ghanbari Teymoor
Published: April 2023

A new structure of the Marx pulse generator for generating bipolar high-voltage pulses is introduced. This structure is composed of a buck-boost converter and connected to a low DC voltage source and several parallel diode-capacitor units. In the first stage, the inductor energy is supplied through the voltage source and in the next stage, the inductor energy is transferred to capacitors. For generating the pulses, voltage polarities of the capacitors are changed by a small inductor which is in resonant with the capacitors. Then, using a fast switch, the capacitors are connected in series to generate desirable high-level pulses. To have bipolar pulses, polarity of capacitors is inverted, alternatively. Modularity of the proposed structure enables us to increase number of the units for generating higher voltage level, straightforwardly.
Interacción genotipo x ambiente en la calidad de semillas en quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Rivas Manzo Valentina
Published: April 2023

La quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) es originaria de la región Andina de América del Sur. Se ha visto una fuerte variabilidad en la respuesta de cultivares a variaciones ambientales. Un factor determinante en la producción de cultivos es la calidad de semillas, la cual se ha estudiado principalmente para parámetros de germinación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar diferencias de calidad de semilla asociadas al genotipo y el ambiente de producción. Para esto, se evaluaron distintos atributos de calidad de semilla de siete genotipos de quinoa en cuatro localidades diferentes. Resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA y comparación de medias. Además, se utilizó un modelo de regresión simple lineal para estudiar la estabilidad de los genotipos en diferentes ambientes. No se encontró un efecto interacción para el peso de semillas, índice de germinación, y tiempo a alcanzar 50% de germinación en curva de envejecimiento acelerado, sin embargo, se encontró en el porcentaje de germinación. La temperatura y las precipitaciones en llenado de granos pueden ser cruciales en determinar el peso de las semillas, TSW correlaciona negativamente con la longevidad. Un genotipo chilote demostró una dormancia destacable, lo que podría estar dado por aspectos tanto físicos como fisiológicos y un posible efecto interacción G x E. La longevidad de las semillas no se asocia con la interacción, sin embargo, el factor genotípico es determinante. Una relación entre dormancia y longevidad es propuesta. Selecciones específicas son necesarias en quinoa, junto con conocer el efecto interacción.
La reivindicación edilicia de la infraestructura de transporte, en el nodo La Cisterna
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Pinedo Swinburn Benjamín José
Published: April 2023

La presente investigación surge bajo el interés de subsanar los conflictos derivados de la implantación de infraestructura de transporte en la trama urbana. Se tomará como caso de estudio el cruce entre la la autopista Américo Vespucio sur Express y la Gran Avenida, a la altura del paradero 25, en la comuna de La Cisterna. La particularidad de este cruce tiene que ver con su naturaleza de nodo, al mismo tiempo que de borde. Esto se debe a la presencia de dos estaciones de metro y una estación intermodal en el mismo lugar donde cruza una autopista en forma de trinchera. Se busca relevar la escacez de espacio a nivel de calle destinado al peatón, en contraste con la magnitud de la intervención de infraestructura para el automovil o el tren metropolitano. Por medio del levantamiento y el análisis de este nodo se buscará plantear la problemática ligada a la implantación desmedida de piezas infraestructurales en la ciudad e identificar las oportunidades que tiene el lugar de mejorar su condición de peatonalidad y espacio público, junto con el potenciar este nodo como lugar de encuentro e intercambio. Además del levantamiento del caso se presentará una revisión cronológica de ideas e imaginarios surgidas a lo largo del siglo XX en torno a la ciudad del futuro y la relación entre infraestructura de transporte y ciudad. Finalmente se presentará una propuesta de transformación y consolidación del nodo, que busca establecerse como un subcentro urbano intermedio entre las comunas del sur y el centro de la capital, asociado al anillo de circunvalación.
Grandes luces con elementos discretos : estación de trenes de capiteles descompuestos de madera para la Ciudad de Laja
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Porzio Margarita
Published: April 2023

En esta investigación se resuelven preguntas que tienen como tema el modo de construir grandes luces en madera sin utilizar elementos arriostrantes, para programas que se desarrollan en espacios públicos. Para esto se diseña y calcula una estructura de madera a base de elementos apilados, que trabajan en conjunto, logrando que la estructura sea rígida sin la necesidad de riostras en sus uniones. Se realizan iteraciones en software variando la distancia entre apoyos y el tipo de estructura que se posiciona sobre los pilares para lograr definir cuáles son las mayores luces que se pueden salvar con estos elementos discretos en madera. Los resultados de la investigación se ponen a prueba en un proyecto de una estación de trenes con un programa mixto ubicado para la comunidad de Laja y San Rosendo. Se desarrolla en un distrito ubicado en la confluencia del Río Bío-Bío y el Río Laja.
Monumento virtual : interacción y participación ciudadana en el Morro de Tulcán
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Cerón Cruz Marvin
Published: April 2023

Durante los últimos años, las interpelaciones contra los monumentos públicos se han intensificado, exigiendo desde el campo patrimonial una revisión de conceptos como los valores y criterios patrimoniales que se les atribuye; a partir de este fenómeno se ha observado acciones en contra de los monumentos, como el derribo de algunos de éstos a nivel mundial y latinoamericano. Por ejemplo, en Colombia —en la ciudad de Popayán–, un evento de esa naturaleza ocurrió el 16 de septiembre de 2020, llevado a cabo por autoridades indígenas del suroccidente colombiano denominadas Misak. Este acto contra el monumento del español Sebastián de Belalcázar de Popayán, generó controversia entre la población, debido a que algunas personas se veían representadas en la estatua y no compartían la acción realizada, mientras que otras respaldaban y defendían el acto y su simbolismo. La investigación se enfoca en la reflexión ciudadana a partir del derribo del monumento de Belalcázar en Popayán. Este acto fue llevado a cabo por una comunidad indígena, quienes planteaban que esta figura representaba un agravio en su contra, dado sus atropellos a sus ancestros en la época de la colonia. Para el caso esta manifestación colectiva entorno al monumento de Belalcázar, que se encuentra en la cima de una pirámide conocida como el Morro de Tulcán —lugar sagrado para la comunidad Misak y patrimonio arqueológico para el país—, abre un escenario que involucra múltiples opiniones sobre el monumento mencionado.
Efficacy of Lignocaine Hydrochloride with Adrenaline, Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A Research Protocol for a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Doshi Akash Yogesh , Nitin Dharmpal Bhola Nitin Dharmpal Bhola
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In human dentition, the most common impacted teeth are Mandibular Third Molars (M3M). Removal or extraction of these teeth leads to anxiety in the patients oweing to the perception of pain. Thus, pain control mechanism like anaesthesia needs to be executed appropriately. Using newer local anaesthetic drugs minimises side effects and drug interactions. Adrenaline is traditionally used vasoconstrictor along with Lignocaine. Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine are alpha agonists which in combination with Lignocaine provide a prolonged duration of anaesthesia thus decreasing the need for rescue analgesics. Need for the study: This research will assist in assessing and establishing the duration of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia after the administration lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in third molar surgery. This will eventually lead to less consumption of analgesics owing to the delay in ingestion of rescue analgesics. Aim: To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of adrenaline, clonidine and Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine hydrochloride for perineural inferior alveolar nerve block in cases of IM3M surgeries. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, triple blind, randomised, controlled, parallel arm study. The study will be conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha from February 2023 to June 2024. A total of 45 consecutive systemically healthy patients requiring unilateral surgical extraction of impacted M3M with similar orientations will be divided into three groups randomly. The first group will receive lignocaine with adrenaline, the second group will receive lignocaine with clonidine and third group will receive lignocaine with dexmedetomidine during the extraction procedure which will be compared on following parameters the onset of anaesthesia, depth of anaesthesia, haemodynamic parameters and duration of postoperative analgesia. ‘One-way ANOVA’ will be used to analyse and evaluate. .
Common Fixed Point Theorem for (\(\phi\),\(\mathfrak{F}\))–Multi-Valued Mappings in Cone b-Metric Spaces over Banach Algebra
Authors: Hussain R. Jahir , Maheshwaran K.
Published: April 2023

In the present paper, we introduced the concept of generalized multi-valued contraction mappings, via the class functions \(\Phi\) and \(\Psi\) Also we proved some fixed point results for (\(\phi\),\(\mathfrak{F}\))- multi-valued mappings on cone b-metric spaces over Banach algebra \(\mathfrak{V}\). The conditions for existence and uniqueness of the fixed point are investigated. We give an example to support our main result.
Effect of Maize and Chickpea Intercropping under the Different Row Ratios on Air Temperature and Vapoure Pressure Profile in Crop Canopy
Authors: Mobh D. P. , Karande B. I. , Lunagaria M. M. , Bhanvadiya A. S.
Published: April 2023

An experiment was laid out to study the effect of maize and chickpea intercropping under the different row ratios on air temperature and vapoure pressure profile in crop canopy at Agronomy farm, Bansilal Amritlal College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), India during the rabi season of the year 2021-2022. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with six treatments replicated four times. The treatments details are T1: Sole maize, T2: Sole chickpea, T3: Maize paired row, T4: Maize + chickpea (1: 1), T5: Maize + chickpea (1 : 2), T6: Maize + chickpea (2 : 2). During the early crop growth inversion profile of air temperature was observed because crops canopy was short. Air temperature was lowest at ground level, with increase in height air temperature increase. At upper canopy air temperature is lower than lower canopy because active transpiration by the dense foliage at upper canopy lower down the air temperature. During the early crop growth lapse profile of vapour pressure was observed. Highest value of vapour pressure was observed at the ground, but with an increase in height vapour pressure decreased. In the case of within crop canopy, strong gradient of vapour pressure was observed in upper crop canopy and weak gradient at lower crop canopy.
Impact of Agrochemicals on Soil Biota and Ways to Mitigate it: A Review
Authors: Yadav Suwa Lal , Birla Devilal , Inwati Devendra Kumar , Yadav Manish , Yadav Indra Raj , Makwana Sanjay N. , Lakshman  , Papnai Neeraj
Published: April 2023

Agricultural production is largely based on the use of agrochemicals in order to minimize pests, pathogens, and undesirable weeds toward increase production. In the current situation, however, several threats are emerging that threaten food security, human and environmental health, ecological balance, and soil biodiversity. Agrochemicals may shift beneficial microorganisms in the community over time, with potentially dangerous consequences, such as the development of antibiotic resistance. Farming systems utilizing agrochemicals might adversely affect soil microorganisms responsible for nutrient cycling processes, such as: nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilizing, and others. Some agrochemicals reduce soil enzyme activity and biochemical reactions, which are key indicators of soil microbiology. In this review, we explore how applied agrochemicals affect soil microbes and biochemical health attributes under different cropping systems, as well as ways to overcome the negative impacts of agrochemicals.
Assessment of First-line Therapy With Midazolam for Prehospital Seizures in Children
Authors: Shavit Danielle , Strugo Refael , Siman-Tov Maya , Nov Shira , Shavit Itai
Published: April 2023

This cohort study assesses the effectiveness of midazolam treatment in terminating pediatric seizures in the prehospital setting.
Annual stability of the plasma Aß40/42 ratio and associated factors
Authors: Nakamura Takumi , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Nakahata Naoko , Itoh Ken , Ihara Kazushige , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ikeda Yoshio , Takatama Masamitsu , Shoji Mikio
Published: April 2023

Objective

The plasma Aß40/42 ratio is a biomarker of brain amyloidosis. However, the threshold difference between amyloid positivity and negativity is only 10–20% and fluctuates with circadian rhythms, aging, and APOE‐ε4 during the decades of evolution of Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

Plasma Aß40 and Aß42 levels in 1472 participants aged between 19 and 93 years in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project for 4 years were statistically analyzed.

Results

The means and standard deviations of annual inter‐individual coefficients of variation were 5.3 ± 3.2% for Aß40, 7.8 ± 4.6% for Aß42, and 6.4 ± 4.1% for the Aß40/42 ratio. No significant age‐dependent changes were observed in inter‐individual coefficients of variation. Age‐dependent increases in Aβ42 levels were suppressed, whereas those in the Aβ40/42 ratio were enhanced in APOE‐ε4 carriers. The change points of Aß42, Aß40, and the Aß40/42 ratio were 36.4, 38.2, and 43.5 years, respectively. In the presence of APOE‐ε4, the Aß40/42 ratio increased in middle‐aged and elderly subjects while Aβ42 levels decreased in elderly subjects.

Interpretation

Individual values for Aß40, Aß42, and the Aß40/42 ratio did not fluctuate annually or in an age‐dependent manner. If the plasma Aβ40/42 ratio changes by more than 14.7% (+2 standard deviations) relative to age‐ and APOE‐ε4‐adjusted normal annual fluctuations, other biomarkers also need to be examined.
Capillary Adhesion around the Shapes Optimized by Dissolution
Authors: Chen Xudong , Yuan Quanzi
Published: April 2023

Capillary adhesion is so remarkable in micro–nano technology that it can seriously influence accuracy and safety. The shapes optimized by dissolution provide a method to weaken or even eliminate capillary adhesion. Based on the dissolution experiments of soluble fibers, this work demonstrates that the process of dissolution is an optimization of the adhesion force, and the unique geometrical shapes sculpted by dissolution can effectively eliminate capillary adhesion. The mechanism of elimination is relevant to the stability of menisci around the optimized shapes. The surface roughness of soluble fibers is considered to emphasize the significant role of contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and the shapes optimized by dissolution with CAH are in great agreement with the experiment results. This study supplies a promising approach to eliminate capillary adhesion by designing geometrical shapes.
Oriented Covalent Organic Framework Film Synthesis from Azomethine Compounds
Authors: Tran Ly D. , Ree Brian J. , Ruditskiy Aleksey , Beagle Lucas K. , Selhorst Ryan C. , Sarker Biddut K. , Bhagwandin Dayanni D. , Miesle Paige , Drummy Lawrence F. , Durstock Michael F. , Rao Rahul , Koerner Hilmar , Glavin Nicholas R. , Baldwin Luke A.
Published: April 2023

Strategies enabling solution processing of covalent organic framework (COF) thin films will become increasingly important as these versatile materials are integrated into a wide range of electronic and optical devices. This work highlights an approach to yield thin film synthesis of TAPA‐PDA (TAPA: tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine, PDA: terephthalaldehyde) and TAPB‐PDA (TAPB: 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene) imine COFs using azomethine compounds which can be drop cast onto a variety of substrates. High crystalline COF films are shown to form on various electronically‐relevant substrates. Grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering characterization reveals COF films with a preferred horizontal orientation in the case of TAPA‐PDA COF and a more mixed/vertical orientation in the TAPB‐PDA COF film regardless of the substrate. As this exciting class of crystalline organic materials becomes more relevant for various device applications, solution processing techniques will be vital to take advantage of the properties of thin film COFs.
High‐Resolution Lithography for High‐Frequency Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Borchert James W.
Published: April 2023

Organic thin‐film transistors are field‐effect transistors comprising a semiconductor in the form of a thin, typically polycrystalline layer of conjugated organic molecules. Since organic transistors can often be fabricated at temperatures no higher than about 100 °C, they are potentially useful for flexible, large‐area electronics applications. An important performance parameter of organic transistors is the transit frequency, which is the highest frequency at which the transistors can be operated. The transit frequency of organic transistors is determined in large part by the channel length and the parasitic gate‐to‐source and gate‐to‐drain overlap lengths. How small these dimensions can be made depends (at least in the case of transistors fabricated in the lateral device architecture) greatly on the resolution of the lithography method that is utilized for the patterning of the gate electrodes and the source and drain contacts. Patterning methods that have yielded organic transistors with lateral dimensions sufficiently small to provide transit frequencies above 10 MHz include photolithography, laser lithography, stencil lithography, and electron‐beam lithography. In this review, these four lithography methods and their roles in the fabrication of high‐frequency organic transistors, as well as their prospects for future improvements in the dynamic performance of organic transistors, will be illuminated.
Actuator Materials for Environmentally Powered Engines
Authors: Spinks Geoffrey M. , Abbasi Burhan B. A. , Gautam Aashrit , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Jiang Zhen
Published: April 2023

The first solid‐state engine that converted heat into continuous mechanical motion using a thermally responsive actuating material was introduced almost a century ago. These engines used vulcanized rubber where the cyclically heating and cooling of the rubber generate continuous mechanical power in pendulum or wheel type engines. The development of solid‐state heat engines has seen several waves of activity with interest stimulated by the introduction of new actuating materials capable of responding to different environmental stimuli. Opportunities for improved engine outputs are afforded by recently developed artificial muscle materials. A theoretical connection between engine output and the characteristics of the actuator material is developed to compare the performances of vulcanized rubber, shape memory alloys (SMAs), and twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) fiber artificial muscles. It is shown that with an engine designed to suit the actuation performance of TCPs engines powered by the tensile actuation of such materials would exceed the output of SMA heat engines. The properties needed in actuator materials to further enhance engine output are identified and polymer structures that may produce such properties are described.
N,N’‐Difluoro‐2,2’‐bipyridinium Bis(tetrafluoroborate): a New Terminal Oxidant for Iodoarene‐catalyzed Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Kitamura Daichi , Oyamada Juzo , Higashi Masahiro , Kishikawa Yosuke
Published: April 2023

A new N−F reagent, N,N′‐difluoro‐2,2′‐bipyridinium bis(tetrafluoroborate), for iodoarene‐catalyzed fluorination reactions as a terminal oxidant is reported. This reaction is effective for the fluorination of simple alkenes, aromatic alkenes and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, giving 1,2‐difluorinated alkanes, geminal difluorinated compounds, 2‐fluorinated‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in good to high yields, respectively. This is a useful fluorination reaction that not only improves the issues of the fluorination reaction using conventional mCPBA as a terminal oxidant but also constructs a simpler catalytic cycle. The present N−F reagent can be recovered as 2,2’‐bipyridine.
Effect of subsidies on farms' exit decision
Authors: Neyter Roman , Nivievskyi Oleg
Published: April 2023

Farm exit plays a vital role in the overall productivity growth of the industry. However, little attention is paid to the effects of different support policies on the exit decision. In this paper, we analyze and compare two subsidy schemes—direct subsidies and tax benefits in the form of the special value‐added tax regime on the exit decision. Employing a mixed‐effect logistic model and the farm‐level panel data of Ukrainian commercial farms, we found that both subsidy schemes have a similar effect on the exit decision and reduce the probability of leaving the market. However, this effect is contemporaneous only. The subsidy a farm receives in the current year does not affect next year's exit decision. [EconLit Citations: D22, Q12, Q13, Q18].
Avelumab for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma—A multicenter real‐world experience in Israel
Authors: Averbuch Itamar , Stoff Ronen , Miodovnik Mor , Fennig Shlomit , Bar‐Sela Gil , Yakobson Alexander , Daliot Jonathan , Asher Nethanel , Fenig Eyal
Published: April 2023

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin, affecting predominantly the fair‐skinned older population exposed to high levels of ultraviolet light. Immune suppression is considered a significant risk factor. With the recent advances in the field of immunotherapy, the treatment paradigm for advanced MCC, traditionally based on chemotherapy, has largely shifted to anti‐PD‐L1 and PD‐1 agents such as avelumab and pembrolizumab, respectively. However, real‐world data remain sparse. The aim of this study was to assess real‐world evidence of the effectiveness of avelumab in a diverse group of patients with MCC in Israel.

Methods

The electronic databases of five university hospitals in Israel were searched for all consecutive patients with MCC treated with at least one dose of avelumab in 2018–2022. Data on baseline, disease‐related, treatment‐related, and outcome parameters were collected and analyzed.

Results

The cohort included 62 patients of whom 22% were immune‐suppressed. The overall response rate to avelumab was 59%. The median progression‐free survival was 8.1 months, and the median overall survival, 23.5 months, with no differences between immune‐competent and immune‐suppressed patients. Treatment was well tolerated; any‐grade toxicity developed in 34% of patients, and grade 3–4 toxicity, in 14%.

Conclusions

Avelumab was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of advanced MCC in a diverse group of patients, including some with immune suppression. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal sequence and duration of treatment and to assess the potential role of avelumab for earlier stages of MCC.
Pressureless all‐solid‐state Na/S batteries with self‐supporting Na5YSi4O12 scaffolds
Authors: Yang Aikai , Ye Ruijie , Song Huimin , Lu Qiongqiong , Wang Xingchao , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Yao Kai , Grüner Daniel , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Guillon Olivier
Published: April 2023

The development of reliable and affordable all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (ASS‐SMBs) requires suitable solid‐state electrolytes with cost‐efficient processing and stabilized electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Here, an integrated porous/dense/porous Na5YSi4O12 (NYS) trilayered scaffold is designed and fabricated by tape casting using aqueous slurries. In this template‐based NYS scaffold, the dense layer in the middle serves as a separator and the porous layers on both sides accommodate the active materials with their volume changes during the charge/discharge processes, increasing the contact area and thus enhancing the utilization rate and homogenizing the current distribution. The Na/NYS/Na symmetric cells with the Pb‐coated NYS scaffold exhibit significantly reduced interfacial impedance and superior critical current density of up to 3.0 mA cm−2 against Na metal owing to enhanced wettability. Furthermore, the assembled Na/NYS/S full cells operated without external pressure at room temperature showed a high initial discharge capacity of 970 mAh g−1 and good cycling stability with a capacity of 600 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles (based on the mass of sulfur). This approach paves the way for the realization of economical and practical ASS‐SMBs from the perspective of ceramic manufacturing.
From Chemotherapy to Phototherapy – Changing the Therapeutic Action of a Metallo‐Intercalating RuII‐ReI Luminescent System by Switching its Sub‐Cellular Location
Authors: Saeed Hiwa K. , Jarman Paul J. , Sreedharan Sreejesh , Mowll Rachel , Auty Alexander J. , Chauvet Adrien A. P. , Smythe Carl G. W. , de la Serna Jorge Bernardino , Thomas Jim A.
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of a new heterodinuclear ReIRuII metallointercalator containing RuII(dppz) and ReI(dppn) moieties is reported. Cell‐free studies reveal that the complex has similar photophysical properties to its homoleptic M(dppz) analogue and it also binds to DNA with a similar affinity. However, the newly reported complex has very different in‐cell properties to its parent. In complete contrast to the homoleptic system, the RuII(dppz)/ReI(dppn) complex is not intrinsically cytotoxic but displays appreciable phototoxic, despite both complexes displaying very similar quantum yields for singlet oxygen sensitization. Optical microscopy suggests that the reason for these contrasting biological effects is that whereas the homoleptic complex localises in the nuclei of cells, the RuII(dppz)/ReI(dppn) complex preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. These observations illustrate how even small structural changes in metal based therapeutic leads can modulate their mechanism of action.
Covalently Crosslinked Networks from Telechelic Polycyclooctene with Reinforced Properties
Authors: Zheng Shengquan , Liu Yue , Si Guifu , Chen Min
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Introducing covalently crosslinked network to telechelic polymers can enable the formation of advanced polymeric materials with enhanced material properties. In this contribution, well‐defined telechelic polymers bearing acetoacetate groups were synthesized via Ru‐catalyzed ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene in the presence of chain transfer agents. Given the unique feature of muti‐site reactive acetoacetate end groups, several crosslinked networks were constructed using different crosslinkers under mild conditions. In the Michael addition reaction system, the introduction of di/trifunctional aliphatic acrylate as crosslinkers significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the generated crosslinked network (tensile strength up to 27 MPa, elongation at break up to 500%). On the other hand, vitrimers with dynamic covalent crosslinked networks were accessed via transamination of vinylogous urethane reaction using telechelic polymers and tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine. These vitrimers presented great mechanical properties and reprocessing properties. These strategies can be potentially applied to construct other types of high‐performance polymeric materials.