bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Work-family imbalance and Coping strategies among Healthcare Professionals in Khartoum State Hospitals, Sudan, 2021
Authors: Mahgoub Ibrahim , Abdelrahman Amani , Abdallah Tibyan A , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Abdelrahman ElMuiz , Salih Zeinab Mohammed Amara
Published: June 2021

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly contagious and can spread a pandemic, so it is related to serious health issues and major public concerns, and is considered by the medical community to be the greatest concern because it is the greatest risk of infection .Objective: To identify and assess the psychological effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on healthcare professionals in Khartoum state hospitals 2021.Materials and Methods: Generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Work-family balance measure scale were used to assess the Psychological impact of Doctors and nurses working in four big hospitals in Sudan ,by an online questionnaire, analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) during February.Results: Most of the participants had minimal to mild anxiety according to GAD-7 score, 121 (35.2%) and 103 (29.9%) respectively.Using PSS-10 the cutoff point was determined as 19 as the mean for total score was 19.2 ± 6.2, accordingly more than half had high levels of stress (scored 19 and above) 189 (54.9%). For the Work-Family Balance scale, 10 was regarded as the cutoff point. There was a significant association between specialty and stress level p-value 0.032. No significant correlations were found between age and stress level, neither between age and anxiety level (r − .100, p-value .064 and r = − .022, p-value .683 respectively).Conclusion: More than half of healthcare professionals (54.9%) showed high levels of stress.Most of the healthcare professionals had poor work-family balance (60.2%).
On the Formation of Digital Competence of Preschool Teachers at the Present Stage
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Elena I. Sukhova , Daniil M. Semichev ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of studies devoted to the formation of digital competence of preschool teachers at the present stage. The article substantiates the importance of the formation of digital competencies among preschool education specialists as the key and modern tools of a teacher in solving a wide range of professional tasks: the implementation of the main educational program of preschool education in a distance format, the implementation of additional educational programs, the use of digital tools in working with parents (legal representatives), as well as in the process of solving operational, everyday tasks of specialists. Applied research methods are: theoretical-analysis of pedagogical and educational literature, articles of teachers-practitioners and researchers in the field of education. The author presents his own structure of digital competence of preschool education specialists, which can be used by teachers, methodologists and managers of the preschool education system in order to determine personal deficits in the formation of digital competencies. The article presents the most accessible ways to form the digital competence of teachers and specialists of preschool education – in the format of self-education, as well as in the framework of the development of additional professional education programs. According to the results of the study, the conclusion is formulated that the formation of digital competence of a modern preschool teacher is one of the key aspects of the success of his professional activity in educational organizations and a really important component in the complex process of becoming a professional teacher who effectively uses digital tools in building a modern and effective educational process becoming a professional teacher who effectively applies digital tools in building a modern and effective educational process. Keywords: digitalization, digital competence of the teacher, digital educational resources, cloud tools of the teacher
The Developing Potential of the Preschool Educational Organization Framework in Solving the Problems of Developing the Independence of Children of Older Preschool Age
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Anna N. Atarova
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the developmental potential of the kindergarten space for solving development problems and supporting the independence of older preschool children. The development of children’s independence occurs as a result of the child’s accumulation of experience of independent activity, including the experience of integrating different types of children’s activities. Therefore, the space of a preschool educational organization should provide conditions for children to choose interesting activities, including for its integration, which allows them to obtain the intended result. The space of a preschool educational organization means not only a group room, which includes a bedroom and a dressing room, but also corridors of a preschool educational organization, staircases, walking areas, and specialists’ offices. The framework of a preschool educational organization is considered through the organization of a subject-spatial developmental environment. As a result of the study, it was revealed under what conditions the space of a preschool educational organization acquires developmental potential and contributes to the development of independence of children of senior preschool age: a variety of subject content, accessibility and ease of placement of materials, the possibility of integrating children’s activities and independent transformation of the subject-spatial environment, all types of children’s activities are reinforced in a subject-spatial environment. Keywords: Independence, developing framework, subject-spatial environment, children’s activities, integration of children’s activities, developing the potential of the subject-spatial environment
Psychological and Pedagogical Foundations of the Process of Teaching English to Preschoolers
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Tatyana B. Mikheeva , Elena A. Nichiporyuk ,   Don State Technical University
Published: June 2021

Currently, there are controversial issues in pedagogical science about learning a foreign language in preschool institutions. The development of thinking and the formation of communicative abilities is an important psychological and pedagogical task of modern preschool education. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of children of older preschool age-5–7 year-olds. This age is the most favorable for mastering a foreign language. Psychological features of preschool children are the intensive formation of cognitive abilities, quick and easy memorizing of language information, special sensitivity to the phenomena of language, the ability to imitate. Learning English at preschool age stimulates the development of general speech abilities and lays the foundation for communication in a foreign language in the future, successful and not constrained by any barriers. Older preschoolers have an increased need to communicate with their peers, which is implemented through gaming activities. Teaching English to preschoolers is most effective with the use of linguodidactic games. The use of games in the English language classes ensures maximum activity of children, since playing is the most natural form of behavior of children. The game gives you the opportunity to present serious content in an accessible, emotionally meaningful way. Keywords: preschool education, English, senior preschool age, game technology, linguodidactic games
Features of Diagnostics, Development and Formation of Communicative Universal Educational Actions of Primary Schoolchildren
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Anna A. Denisova , Maria V. Zakharova ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of the primary school students` communicative general educational actions’ development. The actions presented in the Federal State Educational Standard of primary general education and their significance for the development of the child’s personality and the success of his school life are considered. The relevance of the selected problem is confirmed by the study conducted among teachers and primary school students. Analysis of the results of teachers` survey about the place of communicative actions in the system of general educational actions’ formation has shown that primary school teachers do not consider the process of forming these actions difficult and do not attach due importance to it. Special attention is paid to the methods of diagnosing the communicative actions of primary school children, and the need to study them in the process of observing specially organized situations of children`s joint activity is noted. The analysis of the results of studying the peculiarities of the communicative skills development of first-graders and third-graders allowed us to conclude that it is difficult for students to work together, find compromises, prove their point of view and conduct a dialogue. The article also reveals the features of the formation of the communicative actions of primary schoolchildren in the group of regular and extracurricular activities are revealed. Some features of the use of sociogame technology in teaching primary school children, describes the basic principles of using technology for the formation of communicative skills. The article reveals the possibilities and features of organizing collective creative work in primary school in order to form communicative general educational actions of younger students. Keywords: communication, communicative skills, general learning actions, communicative general learning actions, diagnostics of communicative general learning actions of primary school students, sociogame technology, collective creative work
The Project “Distance Extracurricular Courses” as a Condition for the Professional Competencies Development of Students – Future Primary School Teachers
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Alexandra G. Gogoberidze , Victoria A. Novitskaya ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Anzhelika A. Kazakova ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Ludmila Yu. Savinova ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: June 2021

The article presents the experience of the Institute of Childhood of the Herzen University in the implementation by future primary school teachers of the project of distance education for primary schoolchildren “Distance extracurricular courses”. The similar projects for organizing distance learning formats for schoolchildren by senior students of pedagogical universities in the country are analyzed. The authors describe the concept of the project, its main tasks, highlight the key differences of the project in the framework of analog analysis, reveal the ways of developing students’ competencies in the process of project implementation. The article presents the first results of the project, interprets the reflection data of students and university teachers, outlines the prospects for work in this direction. The methodological basis of the project was the idea of the activity and subject approaches. As part of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and systematization of data, analysis of opportunities for the implementation of educational ideas. These methods were used in the implementation of analytical work on the project, identifying the limitations and possibilities of the project implementation mechanism as a way of organizing practical training for students of a pedagogical university. The obtained results of the study allowed to substantiate the concept of the project, to determine effective ways of organizing it, to reveal the variable methods of interaction between the project participants, and to highlight the key results. Keywords: distance education, distance technologies, primary school, primary schoolchild, practice (practice for obtaining professional skills and professional experience)
«Das Bundesgericht erhebt die alternierende Obhut zur Regel»
Authors: Widrig Martin
Published: June 2021

Mit Urteilen von 19. Oktober und 13. November 2020 verdeutlicht das Bundesgericht seine bisherige Rechtsprechung zu strittigen Betreuungsfragen: Es nimmt die alternierende Obhut zum Ausgangspunkt der Entscheidfindung. Zudem priorisiert es gleiche Betreuungsanteile gegenüber ungleichen. Die alleinige Obhut ist anzuordnen, wenn im Einzelfall konkrete Gründe gegen hälftige Betreuungsanteile sprechen. Abweichungen von dieser Rechtsprechung können gegen das Willkürverbot verstossen. Das Bundesgericht gibt der alternierenden Obhut damit tendenziell den Vorzug in Betreuungsfragen. Der Beitrag analysiert die Bedeutung der Urteile für die Praxis und klärt offene Fragen zur «alternierenden Obhut als Regelfall» sowie zum Willen des Gesetzgebers.

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Dans ses arrêts du 19 octobre et du 13 novembre 2020, le Tribunal fédéral a précisé sa jurisprudence antérieure en matière de prise en charge de l’enfant. Il considère désormais la garde alternée comme étant le principe et privilégie une participation égale de chacun des parents dans la prise en charge de l’enfant. La garde exclusive doit être ordonnée que si, dans un cas individuel, des raisons concrètes s'opposent à cette répartition égale. Les décisions qui s’écartent de cette jurisprudence sont ainsi susceptibles de constituer une violation de l'interdiction de l'arbitraire. L'article analyse l’implication de ces arrêts pour la pratique et clarifie les questions ouvertes concernant la « garde alternée comme règle » ainsi que celles portant sur la volonté du législateur.
Personnel management features of medical institutions
Authors: Pavlenko Olena , Sukalenko Vitalii , Shkulipa Oleksii , Sunildutt Sharma Meena
Published: June 2021

This article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on personnel management in health care organizations. The study’s main purpose is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of medical staff through innovative forms of labor organization and HR management. Systematization of scientific background and approaches on personnel management in health care showed that staff development is a priority in health care. The authors emphasized the high competition in the Ukrainian services market. Thus, improving the service quality is the key element for successful any business activity. The relevance of solving this scientific problem is a need to regulate the organization’s personnel policy. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted in the following logical sequence: 1) investigation of the theoretical advances devoted to personnel management of health care facilities and features of this process; 2) analysis of the activity and organizational structure of the University Clinic of Sumy State University; 3) assessment of the motivation and satisfaction of the medical staff of the University Clinic of Sumy State University; 4) identification of the main motives, incentives, and reasons to work; 5) analysis and generalization of the available personnel management tools of the University Clinic of Sumy State University regarding identifying the responsible for personnel management and determining main motivation methods of medical staff. The methodological tools of the study are statistical methods and questionnaires. The study involved data for 2019-2020. The object of the study is the personnel management system of the University Clinic of Sumy State University. The empirical analysis results showed a relationship between several problems, including personnel, organizational and economic. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that personnel management affects the effectiveness of health care services. With the study findings, the authors proposed a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the existing personnel management system of the University Clinic of Sumy State University.
Visibility of noisy quantum dot-based measurements of Majorana qubits
Authors: Khindanov Aleksei , Pikulin Dmitry , Karzig Torsten
Published: June 2021

Measurement schemes of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) based on quantum dots (QDs) are of current interest as they provide a scalable platform for topological quantum computation. In a coupled qubit-QD setup we calculate the dependence of the charge of the QD and its differential capacitance on experimentally tunable parameters for both 2-MZM and 4-MZM measurements. We quantify the effect of noise on the measurement visibility by considering 1/f noise in detuning, tunneling amplitudes or phase. We find that on- or close-to-resonance measurements are generally preferable and predict, using conservative noise estimates, that noise coupling to the QDs is not a limitation to high-fidelity measurements of topological qubits.
AS FORÇAS ARMADAS: SUA RELAÇÃO COM A DEMOCRACIA E OS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: De Menezes Filipe Cortes , Espinoza Fran
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo reinterpretar os postulados basilares das forças armadas (hierarquia e disciplina) de acordo com as principais premissas democráticas e dos direitos humanos numa perspectiva crítica e contra hegemônica. Desta forma, para tanto, busca-se responder a seguinte pergunta: Qual o papel institucional das forças armadas num regime democrático e sob uma perspectiva crítica de direitos humanos, mediante revisão da concepção acerca dos princípios da hierarquia e disciplina? A metodologia utilizada consistirá num estudo qualitativo por meio de revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos de direitos humanos, democracia e sua relação com as Forças Armadas no Brasil, em especial na releitura das suas premissas básicas: hierarquia e disciplina. Com o artigo conseguiu-se sistematizar o significado de democracia, direitos humanos e, principalmente, relacioná-los com as Forças Armadas, permitindo uma nova perspectiva crítica de abordar a instituição.
SOBRE OS RECENTES ACONTECIMENTOS DA POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA: LEITURAS E CRÍTICAS A PARTIR DE HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Silva Bittencourt Luiz Antônio da , Souza Martins Leandro José de
Published: June 2021

RESUMO: Os acontecimentos trágicos pelos quais passa a sociedade nos últimos meses provocam em cada pessoa uma pletora de sentimentos que podem ser resumidos (uma entre tantas possibilidades), em três conceitos-chave: a indiferença, o medo e a indignação. O pensamento político de Hannah Arendt em face da conjuntura atual em que o Brasil vem passando se torna interessante, principalmente pela forma como seu pensamento é construído. A experiência política moderna, muito criticada por Hannah Arendt se desvinculou de seus conceitos basilares, perdendo os fundamentos que foram erigidos ao longo dos séculos. A política, construção grega se pautava pelo diálogo eloquente, pela persuasão. Todavia, no contexto atual que se passa no Brasil, é necessário um resgate da consciência política de coletividade para efetivar a democracia participativa.

 

Palavras-chaves: Natureza Humana. Política. Democracia.
TEORIA DA LEGISLAÇÃO, PRODUÇÃO LEGISLATIVA E CORRUPÇÃO DO DIREITO PENAL: O SIMBOLISMO E A INVERSÃO DOS FINS DA LEI PENAL
Authors: Fronza Maíra , Hommerding Adalberto Narciso
Published: June 2021

No plano da legislação, em especial, no campo da legislação Penal há necessidade de ser observada uma teoria da legislação que, ao final e ao cabo, possa contribuir para uma aplicação adequada do direito. A irracionalidade legal tem origem já no momento pré-legislativo, quando não levada em conta a teoria da legislação. Uma legislação elaborada sem a observância de uma teoria da legislação, fatalmente, converte-se em sinônimo de lei simbólica, pois influenciada por fins populistas e por interesses econômicos e midiáticos.
A CONDENAÇÃO EM HONORÁRIOS SUCUMBENCIAIS NA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO SOB A ÓTICA DA LEI Nº 13.467/17
Authors: Freire Menezes Brenno Augusto , Costa Rodrigues de Alencar Mariése Garcia
Published: June 2021

A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo pretende analisar os aspectos positivos e negativos da condenação em honorários sucumbenciais na Justiça do Trabalho, considerando as alterações na Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, provenientes da entrada em vigor da Lei n. 13.467 de 2017. Atualmente, no tocante à temática, o novo texto da CLT prevê a possibilidade de condenação em honorários advocatícios sucumbenciais em todas as relações de trabalho, inclusive nas relações de emprego, indo de encontro ao entendimento dominante da doutrina e dos tribunais, incluindo o TST, até 2017. Todavia, mesmo sendo o posicionamento minoritário, antes das alterações já existia uma tímida jurisprudência nos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho do país no sentido favorável à condenação em honorários sucumbenciais, embasando o seu posicionamento na aplicação subsidiária dos artigos 389 do Código Civil. Referida pesquisa pretender analisar os pontos positivos e negativos da efetivação de tal condenação, bem como a constitucionalidade das alterações.
Influence of cross-section geometry on air demand ratio in high-head conduits with a radial gate
Authors: Aydin Alp Bugra , Baylar Ahmet , Ozkan Fahri , Tuna Muhammed Cihat , Ozturk Mualla
Published: June 2021

When the gate of a high-head conduit is partly opened, negative pressure draws the air in through the air vent. Air that is entrained into the water is instantly forced downstream in the form of air bubbles. When studies on high-head gated conduits were examined, it was determined that the air demand ratio varied depending on many hydraulic and geometric parameters. This work has focused on determining the effect of conduit cross-section geometry on the air-demand ratio. A series of experiments were carried out on high-head radial gated conduits having different cross-section geometries. Experimental results showed that conduit cross-section geometry had an important effect on the air demand ratio especially in small gate opening rates. Further, design equations for the air demand ratio are presented relating the air demand ratio to Froude number, gate opening rate, and the ratio of gate opening to conduit length.
A virada reconstrutiva na teoria crítica de Axel Honneth
Authors: Rodrigues Garcia Ranieri
Published: June 2021

Os desenvolvimentos metodológicos recentes da teoria crítica da sociedade de Axel Honneth vêm sendo objeto de controvérsias nos últimos anos. O foco principal de tais discussões está na mudança feita pelo autor de um método de crítica das relações intersubjetivas, encontradas em Luta por reconhecimento (1992), em direção à uma crítica da racionalidade das instituições sociais, presente em O direito da liberdade (2011). Tal transformação é característica da adesão pelo autor a um paradigma reconstrutivo de crítica social. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é expor as principais alterações na teoria de Honneth, a partir da década de 2000, que conduziu o autor à reelaborar suas premissas de método em torno da reconstrução normativa.
Antropoceno e com-posição (Ge-stell): Uma época provocada pelo humano ou na qual ele é provocado?
Authors: Plebani Anderson Kaue
Published: June 2021

Há duas décadas a comunidade científica debate a possibilidade de o planeta Terra ter entrado em uma nova era. Não mais o holoceno, mas o antropoceno. Defende-se que o humano se tornara causa eficiente das mais influentes nos processos geológicos e biológicos deste planeta. Dentre as várias propostas que visam identificar as origens desta nova era há aquela que acena para uma “Grande Aceleração” industrial e populacional que ocorre a partir dos anos 1950. Nessa mesma década Martin Heidegger começava a ensaiar em suas reflexões uma palavra que previa a essência da nossa época: com-posição [Ge-Stell]. O presente artigo busca avaliar a proposta de diagnóstico do antropoceno a partir de algumas investigações empreendidas por Heidegger. Para tal, estrutura-se da seguinte forma: primeiro, uma breve introdução ao debate científico sobre o antropoceno em paralelo à apreciação de um estásimo da Antígona; depois adentraremos na reflexão de Heidegger sobre a essência do humano, precisamente em sua interpretação do mesmo estásimo de Sófocles; por terceiro faremos uma exposição da interpretação heideggeriana sobre a era da com-posição.
Mapa de Araújo para andar nas encruzilhadas entre a tecnologia e a moral: Resenha de Novas tecnologias e dilemas morais, de Marcelo de Araújo
Authors: Adriano Araújo Luana
Published: June 2021

Resenha da obra ARAUJO, Marcelo de. Novas tecnologias e dilemas morais. São Paulo: KDP (Amazon), 2019.
Errors, faults and failures
Authors: Shubinsky I. В. , Schäbe Hendrik
Published: June 2021

Aim. To harmonize the definitions of errors, faults, failures in the Russian and English languages. The Object of the paper is one of the most important subject matters of the dependability theory and functional safety. The Subject of the paper is the concepts and definitions of failures, errors, faults.

Results of the research: analysis of the definitions of the concepts describing the dependability and functional safety of items in the Russian and international standards, such as GOST 27.002-2015, GOST R/IEC 61508-2012, IEC 60050, DIN 40041, as well as in publications by a number of authors. The analysis shows that failure is always associated with the loss of function, i.e., the ability to perform as required by all standards. It should be noted that wrong user expectation does qualify as failure. A failure should be distinguished from unintended functions. A fault is defined as a system’s inability to perform the required operation to the full extent that, under certain conditions, may escalate into a failure. An error as a discrepancy between a calculated, observed or measured value or condition and a true, specified or theoretically correct value or condition is a deviation that is present and, under certain conditions, would probably turn into a failure. A typical example is non-critical software errors. The so-called systematic failures are actually errors that can turn into critical errors (failures). Let us note that the definitions in the IEC 60050 international electrotechnical vocabulary can be used, as they show general agreement, which is not surprising for an international standard.
Safety model construction for a complex automatic transportation system
Authors: Ozerov А. V. , Olshansky А. М.
Published: June 2021

The Aim of the paper is to consider approaches to the analysis of a safety model of complex multi-loop transportation systems comprising not completely supervised subsystems.

Method. For the description of a safety model, the paper uses systems theoretic process analysis (STPA) methods and the principles specified in ISO/PAS 21448:2019 (SOTIF).

Result. The paper shows drawbacks of the FTA and FMEA local risk analysis methods and demonstrates a demand for some universal approach based on the combination of STPA and control theory. It gives an overview of the major stages of such analysis for the safety model of complex transportation systems exemplified by the Moscow Central Circle, which provide a feedback for safety evaluation of a transport control system under development. The paper analyzes the feasibility of using a virtual model for control purposes in the form of a so-called “supervised artificial neural network”.

Conclusion. Today, railways are actively testing autonomous systems (with no driver onboard) that apply as their subsystems automatic perception modules using machine learning. The introduction of the latter into the control loop complicates the task of hazard analysis and safety evaluation of such systems using conventional FTA and FMEA methods. The construction of a safety model of such complex multi-loop transportation systems comprising not completely supervised subsystems that use machine learning methods with not completely predictable behavior requires the application of a systems approach to the analysis of unsafe scenarios along with the compilation of a scenario library and the formalization of a hazard model’s description, pertaining to the boundaries of various control loops as well, in order to reduce the regions of unknown unsafe scenarios for autonomous transportation systems under development.
Effects of Christian Faith Sharing Through Social Media: Examining Belief System Changes, Behavioral Changes, and User Preferences
Authors: Bowman Glen Alan , Osueke Blessing , Baires Samantha
Published: June 2021

This research examined the efects of Chrisian faith sharing through social media on the belief systems and behavior of users who encounter those messages. In addiion, it explored methods of Chrisian social media faith sharing to discover if users had consistent preferences for certain methods or found some methods more ofensive than others. To explore these topics, a quanitaive survey was completed by 79 students, faculty, and staf at a Chrisian college in the Midwestern United States. From this survey, social media users that encountered Chrisian faith sharing reported a slight to moderate efect size in their changes of both their belief systems and behavior as a result of that message. Furthermore, they reported appreciaing certain methods of social media faith sharing from Chrisians more than others, with personal stories about how God changed others’ lives as most impacful and most preferred to encounter. Finally, they indicated that Chrisian chain messages on social media and posts that requested likes or retweets were most ofensive. These indings demonstrate that Chrisian faith sharing through social media impacts the beliefs and behavior of those who encounter it and that users strongly prefer some methods that Chrisians use over others.
A Review: Computational Approaches to Design sgRNA of CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Nasir Mohsin Ali , Nawaz Samia , Huang Jian
Published: June 2021

:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats along with CRISPR-associated protein
mechanisms preserve the memory of previous experiences with DNA invaders, in particular spacers
that are embedded in CRISPR arrays between coordinate repeats. There has been a fast progression in
the comprehension of this immune system and its implementations; however, there are numerous points
of view that anticipate explanations to make the field an energetic research zone. The efficiency of
CRISPR-Cas depends upon well-considered single guide RNA; for this purpose, many bioinformatics
methods and tools are created to support the design of greatly active and precise single guide RNA. Insilico
single guide RNA architecture is a crucial point for effective gene editing by means of the
CRISPR technique. Persistent attempts have been made to improve in-silico single guide RNA formulation
having great on-target effectiveness and decreased off-target effects. This review offers a summary
of the CRISPR computational tools to help different researchers pick a specific tool for their work according
to pros and cons, along with new thoughts to make new computational tools to overcome all existing
limitations.
Identification of Cancer Trait Genes and Association Analysis Under Pan-Cancer
Authors: Wang Shudong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Mu Hongting , Pang Shanchen
Published: June 2021

Background:

Different cancers have different sites of origin, cell types, and forms of genetic
mutations that manifest different forms of cancers. Therefore, identifying genes associated with cancer
traits and analyzing their functions in different cancers is important for understanding the mechanisms
of cancer.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to make up for the shortcomings of single tumor analysis and realize
the discovery and identification of genes related to each cancer trait at the level of multiple tumors,
and their association analysis.

Methods:

In this paper, we use structural equation model to quantitatively identify genes associated
with cancer traits for five cancers. We verify the correctness and effectiveness of the method through
correlation analysis. Then we analyze the functions of genes and the biological processes involved
through GO and KEGG pathways. Finally, we further analyze and verify the experimental results
through protein interaction network and survival analysis.

Results:

Through five types of cancer data, we identify 44 genes related to cancer traits. We verify the
combined effects of these genes and the biological processes they participate in. Moreover, we find key
gene pathways and two significant gene functional modules.

Conclusion:

The results show that the structural equation model has unique advantages in quantifying
the combined effects of genes. Many of the genes we have identified are tumor metastasis genes and are
related to many cancers. There are strong potential commonalities among cancers. Four cancer genes
are not only related to protein metabolism but also related to the regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside,
nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism, which are of great significance for cancer treatment.
Evaluation of Dual Inhibitory Effect of Anagliptin, Ramipril and Lisinopril
on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and DPP-4 Activities
Authors: Abouelkheir Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background:

We previously tested two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
and two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for dual enzyme inhibitory effect. Only two
DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin and sitagliptin, were able to inhibit ACE.

Objective:

In the present study, we investigated if other inhibitors of ACE or DPP-4 could simultaneously
inhibit the activities of both DPP-4 and ACE.

Methods:

Forty Sprague Dawley rats were used. The control group received only saline. The other
three groups were treated with anagliptin, ramipril, or lisinopril. Two different doses were tested separated
with a 6-day drug-free interval. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels and the activities of ACE
and DPP-4 were measured from blood samples at baseline and days 1, 10, and 14. After the oral
glucose challenge test, levels of the active form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured.

Results:

Regardless of the dose, anagliptin did not show any inhibitory effect on the activity of
ACE or Ang II levels. Concerning ramipril and lisinopril, only a high dose of lisinopril was able to
produce a modest reduction of the DPP-4 activity but not enough to inhibit the inactivation of
GLP-1.

Conclusion:

It seems that while most of the ACE inhibitors cannot affect DPP-4 activity, inhibitors
of DPP-4 vary in their effects on ACE activity. The selection of DPP-4 inhibitors under different
clinical situations should take into account the action of these drugs on ACE.
Frequency of Self-Weighing and Weight Change: Cohort Study With 10,000 Smart Scale Users
Authors: Vuorinen Anna-Leena , Helander Elina , Pietilä Julia , Korhonen Ilkka
Published: June 2021

Background

Frequent self-weighing is associated with successful weight loss and weight maintenance during and after weight loss interventions. Less is known about self-weighing behaviors and associated weight change in free-living settings.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of self-weighing and changes in body weight in a large international cohort of smart scale users.

Methods

This was an observational cohort study with 10,000 randomly selected smart scale users who had used the scale for at least 1 year. Longitudinal weight measurement data were analyzed. The association between the frequency of self-weighing and weight change over the follow-up was investigated among normal weight, overweight, and obese users using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear models. The association between the frequency of self-weighing and temporal weight change was analyzed using linear mixed effects models.

Results

The eligible sample consisted of 9768 participants (6515/9768, 66.7% men; mean age 41.5 years; mean BMI 26.8 kg/m2). Of the participants, 4003 (4003/9768, 41.0%), 3748 (3748/9768, 38.4%), and 2017 (2017/9768, 20.6%) were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. During the mean follow-up time of 1085 days, the mean weight change was –0.59 kg, and the mean percentage of days with a self-weigh was 39.98%, which equals 2.8 self-weighs per week. The percentage of self-weighing days correlated inversely with weight change, r=–0.111 (P<.001). Among normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals, the correlations were r=–0.100 (P<.001), r=–0.125 (P<.001), and r=–0.148 (P<.001), respectively. Of all participants, 72.5% (7085/9768) had at least one period of ≥30 days without weight measurements. During the break, weight increased, and weight gains were more pronounced among overweight and obese individuals: 0.58 kg in the normal weight group, 0.93 kg in the overweight group, and 1.37 kg in the obese group (P<.001).

Conclusions

Frequent self-weighing was associated with favorable weight loss outcomes also in an uncontrolled, free-living setting, regardless of specific weight loss interventions. The beneficial associations of regular self-weighing were more pronounced for overweight or obese individuals.
Guidance for Implementing Video Consultations in Danish General Practice: Rapid Cycle Coproduction Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sandbæk Amanda , Christensen Line Due , Larsen Lotte Lykke , Primholdt Christensen Nina , Kofod Frida Greek , Guassora Ann Dorrit , Merrild Camilla Hoffmann , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed various spheres of health care. General practitioners (GPs) have widely replaced face-to-face consultations with telephone or video consultations (VCs) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Using VCs for health service delivery is an entirely new way of practicing for many GPs. However, this transition process has largely been conducted with no formal guidelines, which may have caused implementation barriers. This study presents a rapid cycle coproduction approach for developing a guide to assist VC implementation in general practice.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe the developmental phases of the VC guide to assist general practices in implementing VCs and summarize the evaluation made by general practice users.

METHODS

The development of a guide for VC in general practice was structured as a stepped process based on the coproduction and prototyping processes. We used an iterative framework based on rapid qualitative analyses and interdisciplinary collaborations. Thus, the guide was developed in small, repeated cycles of development, implementation, evaluation, and adaptation, with a continuous exchange between research and practice. The data collection process was structured in 3 main phases. First, we conducted a literature review, recorded observations, and held informal and semistructured interviews. Second, we facilitated coproduction with stakeholders through 4 workshops with GPs, a group interview with patient representatives, and individual revisions by GPs. Third, nationwide testing was conducted in 5 general practice clinics and was followed by an evaluation of the guide through interviews with GPs.

RESULTS

A rapid cycle coproduction approach was used to explore the needs of general practice in connection with the implementation of VC and to develop useful, relevant, and easily understandable guiding materials. Our findings suggest that a guide for VCs should include advice and recommendations regarding the organization of VCs, the technical setup, the appropriate target groups, patients’ use of VCs, the performance of VCs, and the arrangements for booking a VC.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of coproduction, prototyping, small iterations, and rapid data analysis is a suitable approach when contextually rich, hands-on guide materials are urgently needed. Moreover, this method could provide an efficient way of developing relevant guide materials for general practice to aid the implementation of new technology beyond the pandemic period.
Interactive Mobile Phone HIV Adherence Support for Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Philippines Connect for Life Study: Mixed Methods Approach to Intervention Development and Pilot Testing (Preprint)
Authors: O'Connor Cara , Leyritana Katerina , Doyle Aoife M , Lewis James J , Gill Randeep , Salvaña Edsel Maurice
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The HIV epidemic in the Philippines is one of the fastest growing epidemics globally, and infections among men who have sex with men are rising at an alarming rate. The World Health Organization recommends the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies to engage patients in care and ensure high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Existing mHealth interventions can be adapted and tailored to the context and population served.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to create a locally tailored intervention using a mobile phone platform to support treatment adherence for HIV patients on ART in the Philippines.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach guided by the Behavior Change Wheel framework was used to adapt an existing mHealth adherence support platform for the local setting and target population. A literature review, retrospective clinical record review, and focus group discussions with patients were conducted to understand the drivers of ART adherence and tailor the intervention accordingly. The resulting intervention was pilot-tested for 8 weeks, followed by focus group discussions with patients who received the intervention to assess the acceptability of the design.

RESULTS

Key issues contributing to nonadherence included side effects, lack of behavioral skills for pill taking, social support, mental health, and substance use. Patients identified mHealth as an acceptable mode of intervention delivery and wanted mHealth services to be highly personalizable. The study team, clinicians, and software developers integrated these findings into the intervention, which included a menu of services as follows: pill reminders, health tips, adherence feedback, appointment reminders, and symptom reporting. During the pilot phase, technical issues in the interactive voice response system (IVRS) were identified and addressed. Patients who participated in the pilot phase expressed a preference for SMS text messaging over the IVRS. Patients responded positively to the appointment reminders and health tips, whereas patient feedback on daily and weekly pill reminders and adherence feedback was mixed.

CONCLUSIONS

The mobile phone–based SMS text messaging and IVRS intervention was acceptable to men who have sex with men in Manila, the Philippines, and qualitative analysis suggested that the intervention helped promote ART adherence and appointment attendance.

CLINICALTRIAL
Increasing Reading Fluency through the Use of Physical Movement and Affirming Parallel Concepts
Authors: Mead Tim P. , Berg Leif E. , Sage Starr K. , Guillot Dennis J.
Published: June 2021

Sixteen 6th grade middle school students, who were all classified as struggling readers, volunteered to participate in a study examining the impact of daily physical movement and singing (Affirming Parallel Concepts) on reading fluency, as measured by words read per minute. Half of the participants received instruction on learning new songs to sing in class while simultaneously learning new sight words over a six-week period. The other eight students served as a control group and received standard reading instruction on learning new sight words. The experimental group incorporated movement into their singing by clapping their hands and thighs, stomping their feet, and moving around the classroom while singing. Students in the experimental group significantly improved their reading fluency (14% improvement) versus those students in the control group (5% improvement) over the six-week instruction period as measured by Fountas and Pinnell reading assessments.
El tratamiento de las denominadas acciones neutrales a título de complicidad en el derecho penal alemán
Authors: Schurmann Opazo Miguel Antonio
Published: June 2021

The aim is to critically present the different approaches that have been carried out on the so-called neutral actions in the German legal-criminal culture, so as to bring to ours a discussions of the general part that, due to the structure of our current penal regulation, is completely pertinent. Neutral actions are generally understood as behaviors that appear to be harmless, but whose execution or omission enables the realization of a crime, rising the question about the conditions (objective and/or subjective) that should be verified for a subject to be attributed by title of complicity the unjust committed by another. The dogmatic problem raised by this group of cases has called attention of both doctrine and jurisprudence, which have developed a mixed criterion (objective-subjective) that has become the dominant opinion. The dominant character of a theory often does not coincide with its correction. this is the case. The correct answer to the problem lies in the legal regulation of complicity and in the principles that govern participation.
La caución como requisito para conceder una medida cautelar
Authors: Bordalí Salamanca Andrés
Published: June 2021

The fundamental right to judicial protection and the requirement that it be effective are examined. Because the existence of appropriate interim injunctions that allow the rights and interests of the people to be fully satisfied in the judicial process is essential to its effectiveness, this paper addresses the main limitations of injunctive measures in administrative justice based in the supplemental application of civil procedure legislation. Special attention is paid to the requirement of a bond when requesting an injunctive measure to suspend an administrative act.
Perfil del estilo de vida y actividad inflamatoria en personas con artritis reumatoide
Authors: Bernal-González A. , Gallegos-Torres R.M. , Peza-Cruz G.
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica, degenerativa. Su control está relacionado con la medicación y los factores ambientales, especialmente los estilos de vida, que son potencialmente modificables.
Objetivo: Determinar el perfil del estilo de vida de las personas con artritis reumatoide y su relación con el grado de actividad de la enfermedad.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional en adultos con artritis reumatoide. Con previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó clinimetría basada en el nivel de actividad de la enfermedad (DAS28) y el Perfil de Estilos de Vida (PEPS-II) de Nola J. Pender. Para el análisis se recurrió a la estadística descriptiva, correlación de Spearman. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22.
Resultados: Se valoraron 110 personas, el promedio global del estilo de vida se ubica en un perfil saludable, la dimensión actividad física se clasificó como la más afectada (85.5%). No se encontró correlación entre la actividad de la enfermedad y estilo de vida.
Discusión: Existen pocos estudios análogos, los resultados primordiales de estos coinciden con los encontrados. Se hace evidente la necesidad de seguir trabajando en los estilos de vida para lograr disminuir la presencia de actividad inflamatoria en las personas con artritis reumatoide.
Conclusiones: No existe una correlación entre las dos variables, es decir, a medida que el perfil de estilo de vida es saludable, la actividad inflamatoria de la enfermedad está activa.