bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sırta Bakış / Sırtın Bakışı: Sinemada Estetik Modernizm Bağlamında Sırt Takip Plan
Authors: ÇELİK Tülay
Published: June 2020

Bu makale, sinematografik bir biçim olarak sırt takip planın estetik boyutta modernizm ile kurduğu ilişkiyi analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Michel Foucault’ya göre estetik modernizm süreci biçimlerin ön plana çıkmasıyla başlar. Foucault’nun Édouard Manet ve Réne Magritte resimlerini analiz eden çalışmaları, bakışın niteliği ve bakış ilişkilerindeki değişimle bağlantılı olan ifadesizlik-belirsizlik, yüzey-düzlük ve yer değiştirme temalarının klasik temsili nasıl bozduğunu ortaya koyar. Estetik modernizmin nitelikleri olarak da tanımlanabilecek bu temalar, klasik sinema ile modern sinema arasındaki ayrımı da açıklayabilecek bir bağlantı sunar. Klasik sinema, gerçekliğin izlenimini sinematik teknikleri işlevsel olarak kullanarak kurar ve bu yönüyle rönesans dönemindeki mimetik temsil biçimine eklemlenir. Buna karşın, estetik modernizm ile ilişkilendirilebilecek modern sinema, sinematik tekniklerle filmin maddi evrenini vurgulayarak zihinsel süreçleri ortaya çıkarır ve bir özgürleşme alanı yaratır. Bu çerçevede, yüzü ve bakışı saklayan, engelleyici, belirsiz, ifadesiz, düz bir form olan sırtın etkisini yoğunlaştıran ve onu özerk hale getiren sırt takip planlar, estetik modernizmin resim alanındaki nitelikleriyle güçlü bir ilişki kurar. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada sırt takip planlar, Ahlat Ağacı (Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2018) filmi odağında ifadesizlik-belirsizlik, yüzey-düzlük, yer değiştirme temaları ekseninde niteliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; yansıtıcı olan, yüzey etkisini güçlendiren, benzeyiş yerine andırış üzerinden ilerleyen sırt takip planların eksikliğin yarattığı boşluk ile bakışım alanı kurduğu, karşılaşma anları yarattığı, görülmeyeni harekete geçirdiği; bakış alanlarının sürekli değişmesine neden olarak seyircinin konumunu sorgulattığı; tamamlanmamışlığı ve bilinemezliği ile seyircinin beklentilerini boşa çıkardığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Ahlat Ağacı filmindeki sırt takip planlar, filmin mekanının çözülmesine, filmin maddiliğinin açığa çıkmasına neden olmakta; sırtın zamansız mekanında yeni düşünceler yaratılmasına imkan vermektedir.
Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Öğrencilerinin “Halkla İlişkiler” Kavramına İlişkin Metaforik Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: AKTAN Ercan , KOÇYİĞİT Murat , ÇAKMAK Veysel
Published: June 2020

Halkla ilişkiler kavramına yönelik algılamaların farklılaştığı günümüzde, kavrama yönelik anlam kargaşasını ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla yapılan araştırmalar ya da kavramın nasıl algılandığı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda temelini iletişimin oluşturduğu halkla ilişkiler kavramının sahip olduğu ana prensipler doğrultusunda algılanıp algılanmadığını tespit etmenin de yerinde olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın temel amacı, üniversitede halkla ilişkiler dersini alan ve almayan üniversite öğrencilerinin halkla ilişkiler kavramına ilişkin metaforik algılarının incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında metaforik analiz tekniği ile olgubilim desenine göre tasarlanmış ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, halkla ilişkiler dersini alan 63 (34 erkek / 29 kadın) katılımcı ve halkla ilişkiler dersini almayan 40 (20 erkek / 20 kadın) katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak katılımcıların “halkla ilişkiler” kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları metaforları (zihinsel imgeler) belirlemek için “halkla ilişkiler uygulamaları.......... gibidir; çünkü……….” ibaresini tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, halkla ilişkiler dersi alan ve almayan katılımcıların benzer metaforik algılara sahip olduklarını göstermekle birlikte aynı zamanda halkla ilişkiler dersini almayan katılımcıların, halkla ilişkileri; departman, bilim dalı ve yönetimsel iletişim fonksiyonu olarak algıladıkları da görülmüştür. Katılımcının iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültesinde yönetim kavramı üzerine aldığı eğitimin bu sonuç üzerinde etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
Treatment of patients with a duodenal ulcer with disorders of the motor evacuator function of the stomach and duodenal
Authors: Vakhrushev Ya. M. , Busygina M. S. , Opolonsky D. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. The study of disorders of the motor-evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum (duodenum) in patients with duodenal ulcer and their use in choosing effective therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 107 patients with ulcerous duodenal ulcer with the presence of motor-evacuation disorders of the gastroduodenal zone — group I and 99 patients with ulcerous duodenal ulcer without a violation of motor-evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum — group II. Anamnestic and physical data, results of X-ray and endoscopic examinations were used in verification of the ulcer. Assessment of the motor function of the stomach and duodenum was carried out using the gastroenteromonitor GEM-01 “Gastroskan-GEM”. Depending on the treatment method, patients with ulcerous duodenal ulcer of group I were divided into 2 groups: observation group — 52 patients with ulcerous duodenal ulcer of the duodenal ulcer received 50 mg 3 times a day prokinetic itopride hydrochloride as a part of complex anti-ulcer therapy and a comparison group — 55 patients with ulcerous duodenal ulcer underwent standard antiulcer therapy.

Results. In the observation group after treatment, pain disappeared in 90.0% of patients, decreased in 10.0%. In the comparison group, pain completely disappeared in 18.8% of patients, decreased in 76.6%, remained unchanged in 4.7%. Against the background of treatment in patients of the observation group, the frequency and amplitude of the stomach and duodenum corresponded to the normokinetic type of curve. When using itopride hydrochloride in the treatment of patients of the observation group, restoration of the closure function of the pylorus was revealed. After the treatment, the ulcer healed in the observation group in 97.8% of patients (in 88.2% of cases at the stage of a high-quality “white” scar); in the comparison group, ulcer healing occurred in 94.5% of cases, of which in 67.1% — in the stage of poor-quality “red” scar).

Conclusion. The use of the prokinetics of itopride hydrochloride as part of complex therapy increases the effectiveness of the treatment of ulcerative duodenal ulcer by restoring the motor-evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum.
Immunohistochemical markers CDX2, CK20, CK7 in the evaluation of severity lesions of the gastric mucosa in schoolchildren with gastritis
Authors: Vshivkov V. A. , Polivanova T. V. , Kasparov E. V. , Peretyatko O. V.
Published: June 2020

The aim is study the association of CDX2, CK20, CK7 with morphological changes in the gastric mucosa at children of aboriginal and newcomer population of the Republic of Tuva with gastritis.

Materials and methods. We examined of children with gastroenterological complaints by 2 ethnic groups: 69 aboriginal and 34 immigrants. All underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with sampling of biopsies from the antral region and the body of the stomach. Diagnosis of gastritis was carried out according to the modified Sydney classification. H. pylori was determined of coloring the biopsies by Gimza. Expression of biomarkers was recorded by immunohistochemical method (CDX2, CK20, CK7). The analysis of the statistical significance of differences in qualitative characteristics was carried out using the criterion χ2.

Results. We had determined the expression of CDX2 in 4 schoolchildren in the Republic of Tuva. This is can be examined as a marker for dynamic observation with a poor prognosis, because marker CDX2 tight connect with metaplasia and atrophy in gastric mucosa at adults. Association of the expression of CK20 and CK7 was established with the activity of gastritis, infection H. pylori, metaplasia of gastric mucosa, what more expressed by Tuva population. This has been testifying of the intensification proliferative processes in the gastric mucosa. This fact explaining the acceleration of progression the inflammatory process into the body of stomach. All it’s associated with an increased risk of dystrophy and atrophy at the gastric mucosa.

Conclusion. CDX2 CK20, CK7 can to act as biomarkers of development the precancerous damage of stomach in schoolchildren of Tuva, especially by Tuvans. The presence of atrophy, metaplasia or CDX2 protein is a prognostically unfavorable factor.
Features of the blood supply to the wall of the small intestine and its Peyer’s patches
Authors: Nishanov Yu. N. , Palvanova M. S. , Yuldasheva M. T. , Shermatov R. M.
Published: June 2020

Purpose and objectives:

1. To study the blood supply of Peyer’s patches in the norm.

2. To reveal the features of the blood supply of the Peyer’s patches in different sections of the small intestine.

The peculiarity of the blood supply to the wall of the small intestine is that it depends on the morphostructure of the wall of this intestine.

The distribution of arterial vessels in the submucosa is such that trey are divided into ordinal vessels (1, 2, 3 and 4 orders), which branch into layers and zones of the intestine, end also localized in Peyer’s patches.

According to the results of the study, it was reveated that the features of the blood supply to the layers of the wall of the small intestine is that 4 zones of the wall of the intestine differ: mesenteric, antimesenteric (liber) and two lateral zones that differ in morphological and morphometric indicators.
Differential diagnosis in hematochezia
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Tarasova L. V. , Busalaeva E. I. , Ariamkina O. L.
Published: June 2020

The appearance of hematohecia (blood in the bowel movement) is considered one of the most disturbing and serious symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), signaling a violation of the integrity of the vessels of the intestine and mucous membrane. In the presented lecture the main diseases and conditions are considered, in the clinical picture of which the appearance of blood in the stool is noted, which must be considered in the course of differential diagnostics
Prospects for the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Akhmedov V. A. , Sargsyan A. K. , Gaus O. V.
Published: June 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disorder of the intestine, manifested by altered intestinal habits and recurrent abdominal pain in combination with two or more criteria: association with defecation, association with a change in the frequency of defecation, association with a change in the appearance of the stool. To date, IBS remains a diagnosis of exclusion that needs to be differentiated from a wide range of organic diseases. In recent years, a large number of publications have appeared on the research of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of IBS. This literary review highlights the problems of searching for biomarkers of IBS as a way to solve the problem of diagnosis of this pathology and understanding the causes of its occurrence.
Growth Response and Yield of Sweet Corn on Palm Oil Sludge and Dolomite in Ultisols
Authors: Gusmara Herry , Silitonga Ricci Handoko , Simanihuruk Bilman Wilman
Published: June 2020

Sweet corn is a very popular agricultural commodity in Indonesia, so the production of sweet corn needs to be increased. One of the problems that often encountered in the field is the lack of availability of fertile land that can support the growth of sweet corn. Therefore it needs technology to increase land productivity. In this case, the use of palm oil sludge as a source of organic matter and dolomite as a material that can improve soil fertility. The purpose of this research is to get the dosage of palm oil sludge and dolomite that optimal for the growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 in Air Sebakul Village, Talang Empat Subdistrict, Central Bengkulu using Randomized Completely Block Design with two treatment factors. The first factor is the dosage of palm oil sludge consisting of three levels, namely 0 tons ha-1, 10 tons ha-1, and 20 tons ha-1. The second factor is dolomite dosage consisting of four levels, namely 0 tons ha-1, 2 tons ha-1, 4 ton ha-1, and 6 ton ha-1so that 36 sample units are obtained. The results showed that the best combination was obtained from 10 ton ha-1 palm oil sludge and 3,61 tons ha-1 dolomite, which was able to produce the diameter of corn crop stalks of 1,98 cm. The single palm oil sludge treatment gave no significant effect on all growth and yield variables. The addition of dolomite dosage up to 6 tons ha-1 was able to increase plant height, total leaf area, the weight of corn without cornhusk, length of corn without cornhusk, a diameter of corn without cornhusk, fresh weight of the plant, and dry weight of the plant.
A Model to Predict Plant-available Water Content of Soils at Different Land Units in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Hermawan Bandi , Hasaanudin Hasanudin , Agustian Indra , Murcitro Bambang Gonggo
Published: June 2020

Soil water availability to the plants is a very important physical property of soil that controls water and nutrient absorption by the plant.  It is defined as the difference between the maximum amount of water the soil can hold and the minimum condition that the plant can no longer extract water from the soil.  However, soil factors that control the plant available water content (PAWC) in the soil have not been fully understood.  The present study aims to analyze the relations between particle-size distributions and organic carbon with the available water of the soil and to develop a model of predicting PAWC.  Five soil profiles at different land units were described up to the depth of 100 cm.  Ten undisturbed soil samples were taken using the stainless-made core sampler from 10 cm increments for the soil water holding capacity analysis.  A similar number of disturbed samples were also provided from the same depths for soil texture and organic carbon analysis.  Results showed that the variance in PAWC could be explained by sand and clay fractions (R2>0.35) but not by silt and organic carbon contents.  Therefore, we were able to develop a model for the prediction of available water content in the soil from the sand and clay parameters.  The model will help decision-makers be able to propose conservation and management strategies for PAWC in agricultural practices as well as for the soil moisture retention at civil works.
Mapping Location of The Former Land of The Unlicensed Gold Mining (Ugm) in A Several Subdistricts in Kuantan Singingi District
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Baharuddin Raisa , Sidiq Defri Kurnia Putra , Anandyawati Anandyawati
Published: June 2020

Public gold mining carried out without permission and not organized is rife in Riau. Until now there is still lack of information about Unlicensed Gold Mining (UGM) in Kuantan Singingi District specifically Singingi subdistrict, Kuatan Tengah, Sentajo Raya and Logas Tanah Darat. The former gold mining land cannot be used for agricultural activities. To overcome this problem reclamation needs to be done on the former gold mine land. However, before the step is taken, the initial step is mapping the point of the location of the former gold mine, general conditions, land ownership status and mining processes, vegetation in UGM land and the impact of UGM in Singingi subdistrict, Kuatan Tengah, Sentajo Raya and Tanah Darat Logas. This study aims to map the distribution of land of the former gold mine, determine general conditions, land ownership status and mining processes, vegetation of former UGM land and the impact of UGM in Singingi District, Central Kuatan, Sentajo Raya and Tanah Darat Logas, in Kuantan Singingi District. The parameters observed were: point of distribution of the location of the former gold mine, general conditions, land ownership status and the mining process, vegetation of former UGM land and the impact of UGM. The results showed that in all subdistricts sample namely Singingi, Kuatan Tengah, Sentajo Raya and Tanah Darat Logas in Kuantan Singingi Distric there were unlicensed gold mining along the river flow area. Overall land ownership status is owned by individuals/individuals (people with capital) and land used for mining activities that are owned by others rent. There are three types of species that grow on the former gold mine land that is Melastoma malabathricum L., Cyperus halpan L. and Scleria sumatrensis Retz. While the real impact of unlicensed gold mining activities is the loss of river water bodies.
On the Positivity of $\mathbf{{a}}$-Linear with Random Finitely
Authors: Bolton Amanda
Published: June 2020

Let $\rho$ be an ultra-unique, reducible topos equipped with a minimal homeomorphism. We wish to extend the results of \cite{cite:0} to trivially Cartan classes. We show that $d$ is comparable to $\mathcal{{M}}$. This leaves open the question of uniqueness. Moreover, a central problem in numerical representation theory is the description of irreducible, orthogonal, hyper-unique graphs.
Multisensor Multi-target Tracking
Authors: Mike James
Published: June 2020

n a normal multitarget tracking (MTT) situation,the sensor state is either accepted known, or following is acted inthe sensor’s (relative) organize outline. This supposition doesn’thold when the sensor, e.g., a car radar, is mounted on a vehicle,and the objective state ought to be spoken to in a worldwide(outright) organize outline. At that point it is essential to considerthe questionable area of the vehicle on which the sensor ismounted for MTT.In this paper, we present a multisensor low unpredictabilityPoisson multi-Bernoulli MTT channel, which together tracks thequestionable vehicle state and target states. Estimations gatheredby various sensors mounted on different vehicles with shiftingarea vulnerability are fused consecutively dependent on theappearance of new sensor estimations. In doing as such, targetssaw from a sensor mounted on an all around limited vehiclediminish the state vulnerability of other inadequately confinedvehicles, gave that a typical non-void subset of targets is watched.A low multifaceted nature channel is acquired by approximationsof the joint sensor-include state thickness limiting the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD).Results from engineered just as test estimation information,gathered in a vehicle driving situation, exhibit the presentationadvantages of joint vehicle-target state following
Application of an Integrated Approach including Yagya Therapy for the Management of Acute Pulmonary Edema with Mild Cardiomegaly
Authors: Shrivastava Vandana , Batham Lalima , Mishra Saurabh , Mishra Alka
Published: June 2020

Background: A case report about a female patient has been presented here, who was suffering from multiple complaints including severe breathlessness, low grade fever, node in the chest, sleeplessness, etc., and whose diagnostic tests indicated acute pulmonary edema and mild cardiomegaly. Ever since the occurrence of low grade fever and breathlessness, the patient had been on allopathic medication. It was considered to be a possible case of Sarcoidosis. Since about four and a half months, the patient had been on a tapering dose of steroids, and these were recommended to be continued for another two months. The persisting symptoms of low grade fever, breathlessness, and other associated ailments had significantly degraded the quality of life of the patient. Methodology: The patient was prescribed an integrated approach including Yagya Therapy (using an appropriate herbal formulation - havan samagri), and some other Ayurvedic treatments like decoction of medicinal herbs, Ayurvedic medicines, dietary recommendations, etc., which had to be taken alongside the already continuing allopathic treatment (which continued for about 2.5 months). Results: According to a feedback collected from the patient about 2 years after starting the integrated approach including Yagya Therapy, the complaints of low grade fever, sleeplessness, body pain, loss of appetite, constipation and weakness were completely resolved; the complaint of breathlessness was almost completely resolved; the node in the chest had disappeared about seven months after starting the integrated approach (including Yagya Therapy); X-ray Chest (done about four months after starting the integrated approach, and also after about two years), and CT scan (CECT Chest and Abdomen) (done about seven months after starting the integrated approach) indicated normal condition. After starting the integrated approach (including Yagya Therapy), within about 2 to 3 months, the patient had started feeling improvement in her condition - now the patient was feeling completely normal, and expressed willingness to continue with the integrated approach (including Yagya Therapy). Conclusion: The integrated approach including Yagya Therapy showed encouraging results with regards to the treatment of the present disease condition.
Tracking Multiple People
Authors: Irving Luther
Published: June 2020

Existing examinations of how information diffuses across casual associations have so far concentrated on separating and recovering the spread of deterministic turns of events, for instance, URLs, hashtags, and pack investment. At any rate exploring how notification of veritable components demonstrate up and spread by and by can't be examined, for the most part on account of the computationally determined nature of performing colossal extension component extraction. In this paper we present, the extent that we might know, one of the fundamental bits of work to eagerly take a gander at the scattering of named components through electronic systems administration media, using Reddit as our logical examination stage. %This structures a data driven way to deal with examine multiplication wherever scale. %nail the KBS cfp We at first examination how named substances can be absolutely seen and isolated from discussion posts. %, using a mechanized methodology subject to sorted out figure and Brown gathering. We by then use these expelled substances to consider the instances of component falls and how the probability of a customer grasping a component (for instance referencing it) is connected with exposures to the component. We set up these pieces by presenting a parallelised scattering model that can guess the probability of component allotment, finding that the effect of choice between customers can be portrayed by their previous associations - as opposed to whether the customers spread substance gatherings ahead of time. Our revelations have noteworthy implications for pros thinking about effect and language, and for arrange specialists who wish to grasp component level effect components.
Uniqueness Methods in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Hugo Mike
Published: June 2020

Let $\tilde{\ell} =-\infty$. Recent developments in linear logic \cite{cite:0,cite:1} have raised the question of whether $$\overline{2^{-2}} \le \frac{\sqrt{2} \cap \infty}{0^{-2}}.$$ We show that $C$ is maximal. Thus every student is aware that $$v \left( 2 \pm \Theta'', \dots, \sqrt{2} + i \right) \in \left\{ 2^{6} \colon-\emptyset \ne \bigcap J \left( \emptyset \right) \right\}.$$ In \cite{cite:2}, the authors classified Frobenius--Lie random variables.
Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Tracking
Authors: Israel Louis
Published: June 2020

Albeit numerous techniques perform well in single camera following, multi-camera following stays a difficult issue with less consideration. DukeMTMC is an enormous scope, all around explained multi-camera following benchmark which gains extraordinary ground in this field. This report is devoted to quickly present ourtechnique on DukeMTMC and show that straightforward progressive grouping with very much prepared individual re-distinguishing proof highlights can get greatoutcomes on this dataset
Modifying SEIR models to explore the role of average household size in the era of lockdowns and social distancing
Authors: Dempsey Paul
Published: June 2020

Compartmental models have long been used to study the dynamics of infectious diseases without requiring the intensive computational power of more detailed simulations. The well mixing assumption on which they are based is typically valid when people are meeting a significant number of other people each day. However, in the Covid-19 era of lockdowns and social distancing, the number of non-household contacts has dropped significantly. Standard SEIR models cannot produce the expected result of an idealised lockdown (i.e. no non-household contacts), where the final number of infected is less than the average household size times the number of infected and exposed at the time of the lockdown. To correct this anomaly, we separate the household and non-household contributions to the total cases and apply a carrying capacity to the household acquired cases. Finally, we illustrate the application of the model to two countries with completely different approaches to managing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, New Zealand and Sweden. The sharp drop in cases in New Zealand following their lockdown can be well explained with a carrying capacity model, while we show that the Swedish approach could be extremely risky for countries with higher average household sizes.
Montessori Approaches in Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Authors: Moreau Katherine , Eady Kaylee , Sikora Lindsey
Published: June 2020

An initial review of the literature shows that healthcare providers are now implementing the Montessori approach in adult dementia and palliative care units. This literature highlights that the Montessori approach in these units is effective in assessing and improving patients’ cognitive, motor, and sensory functioning as well as their social skills (Hanna, Donnelly, & Aggar, 2018). It also suggests that the approach has positive impacts on clinicians’ engagement and compassion with patients as well as decreases both clinicians’ and caregivers’ risks of burnout (Judge, Camp, & Orsulic-Jeras, 2000). However, prior to implementing and evaluating this approach in other adult and pediatric healthcare settings, it is important for researchers to understand the existing literature on its use, outcomes, and impacts in healthcare.
Ivermectin for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
Authors: Ortiz-Muñoz Luis E. , Verdugo-Paiva Francisca , Bravo-Jeria Rocío , Morel Macarena , Acuña María Paz , Rada Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Objetive : This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of ivermectin in the treatment of patients with COVID-19
Imaging the “social brain” in schizophrenia: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of social reward and punishment
Authors: Mow Jessica , Gandhi Arti , Fulford Daniel
Published: June 2020

Decreased social functioning and high levels of loneliness and social isolation are common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), contributing to reduced quality of life. One key contributor to social impairment is low social motivation, which may stem from aberrant neural processing of socially rewarding or punishing stimuli. To summarize research on the neurobiology of social motivation in SSD, we performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies involving the presentation of social stimuli intended to elicit feelings of reward and/or punishment. Across 11 studies meeting criteria, people with SSD demonstrated weaker modulation of brain activity in regions within a proposed social interaction network, including prefrontal, cingulate, and striatal regions, as well as the amygdala and insula. Firm conclusions regarding neural differences in SSD in these regions, as well as connections within networks, are limited due to conceptual and methodological inconsistencies across the available studies. We conclude by making recommendations for the study of social reward and punishment processing in SSD in future research.
Making oneself predictable in linguistic interactions
Authors: Lelonkiewicz Jaroslaw Roman , Gambi Chiara
Published: June 2020

While language production is a highly demanding task, conversational partners are known to coordinate their turns with striking precision. Among the mechanisms that allow them to do so is listeners’ ability to predict what the speaker will say, and thus to prepare their response in advance. But do speakers also play a role in facilitating coordination? We hypothesised that speakers contribute by using coordination smoothers – in particular by making their turns easier to predict. To test this, we asked participants to type definitions for common English words, either on their own (n = 26 individuals) or interacting with a partner (n = 18 pairs), and we measured the timing with which they produced the definitions. In a post-test, additional participants (n = 55) attempted to predict the final word of these definitions and rated them for quality. We found that interacting speakers initiated their turns with less variable delays than solo individuals. In contrast, our post-test measures suggested that jointly produced definitions were in fact of lower predictability and quality than those produced by individuals, but the analysis revealed these findings were likely confounded by task difficulty. We propose that the reduction in temporal variability observed for interacting speakers may facilitate prediction and thus act as a coordination smoother in linguistic interactions. [NOTE: In citations, please refer to: Lelonkiewicz, J. R., & Gambi, C. (2020). Making oneself predictable in linguistic interactions. Acta Psychologica, 209, 103125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103125 ]
Who comes to mind? Dynamic construction of social networks
Authors: Bayer Joseph , Lewis Neil Anthony , Stahl Jonathan
Published: June 2020

Much remains unknown about moment-to-moment social-network cognition — that is, who comes to mind as we go about our day-to-day lives. Responding to this void, we describe the real-time construction of cognitive social networks. First, we outline the types of relational structures that comprise momentary networks, distinguishing the roles of personal relationships, social groups, and mental sets. Second, we discuss the cognitive mechanisms that determine which individuals are activated — and which are neglected — through a dynamic process. Looking forward, we contend that these overlooked mechanisms need to be considered in light of emerging network technologies. Finally, we chart the next steps for understanding social-network cognition across real-world contexts, along with the built-in implications for social resources and intergroup disparities.
Technology habits: Progress, problems, and prospects
Authors: Bayer Joseph
Published: June 2020

Technology habits have been objects of research for over 100 years and provided heuristic cases for the study of habits over the last two decades. This chapter traces the history of research on information and communication technologies in daily life, with an eye toward measurement and conceptualization problems. Similar to the new technologies of earlier eras, the prominence of current habitual manifestations has raised challenging questions for both researchers and societies. These new-er media habits may exaggerate core habit-ual mechanisms by providing a wide spectrum of potential cues, possible contexts, and complex rewards—resulting in dynamic habits that appear to be “special”. We discuss how research on technology habits serves to uncover the assumptions, boundaries, and moderators of habit, while calling for a revised approach to address recurring problems in the literature. Altogether, the chapter clarifies how technology habit research contributes to a broader understanding of habitual behaviour.
A Minimal Theory of Creative Ability
Authors: Stevenson Claire , Baas Matthijs , van der Maas Han
Published: June 2020

Despite decades of extensive research on creativity, the field still combats psychometric problems when measuring individual differences in creative ability. We think these seemingly technical issues have a conceptual origin. We therefore propose a minimal theory of creative ability (MTCA) to create a consistent conceptual theory to guide investigations of individual differences in creative ability. Our theory argues that creative ability, at a minimum, must include two facets: intelligence and expertise. So, the MTCA simply claims that whenever we do something creative, we use most of our cognitive abilities combined with relevant expertise to be creative. MTCA has important implications for creativity theory, measurement, and practice. But, the MTCA isn’t necessarily true, it is a minimal theory. We discuss and reject several objections to the MTCA and conclude with a falsification challenge.
Longitudinal impact and effects of booster sessions in a cognitive training program for healthy elderly
Authors: Felix Lucas Matias , Alves Marcela Mansur , Teles Mariana , Jamison Laura , Golino Hudson
Published: June 2020

This paper reports the results from a three-years follow-up study to access the long-term efficacy of a cognitive training for healthy older adults and investigates the effects of booster sessions on the cognitive performance of the participants using an innovative analytical approach from information theory. Design: semi-randomized quasi-experimental controlled design. Participants: 50 healthy older adults, (M = 73.3, SD = 7.77) were assigned into an experimental (N = 25; Mean age = 73.9; SD = 8.62) and a passive control group (N = 25; mean age = 72.9; SD = 6.97). Instruments: six subtests of WAIS and two episodic memory tasks. Procedures: the participants were assessed in four occasions: after the end of the original intervention, pre-booster sessions (three years after the original intervention), immediately after the booster sessions and three months after the booster sessions. Results: the repeated measures ANOVA showed that two gains reported in the original intervention were identified in the follow-up: Coding (F(1, 44) = 11.79, MSE = 0.77, p = .001, ηˆG2 = .084) and Picture Completion (F(1, 47) = 10.01, MSE = 0.73, p = .003, ηˆG2 = .060). After the booster sessions, all variables presented a significant interaction between group and time favorable to the experimental group (moderate to high effect sizes). To compare the level of cohesion of the cognitive variables between the groups, an entropy-based metric was used. The experimental group presented a lower level of cohesion in three of the four measurement occasions, suggesting a differential impact of the intervention with immediate and short-term effects, but without long-term effects.
Depression, Environmental Reward, Coping Motives and Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McPhee Matthew , Keough Matthew T. , Rundle Samantha , Heath Laura M. , Wardell Jeffrey , Hendershot Christian S.
Published: June 2020

Increases in the incidence of psychological distress and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic have been predicted. Environmental reward and self-medication theories suggest that increased distress and greater social/environmental constraints during COVID-19 could result in increases in depression and drinking to cope with negative affect. The current study had two goals: (1) to clarify the presence and direction of changes in alcohol use and related outcomes after the introduction of COVID-19 social distancing requirements, and; (2) to test hypothesized mediation models to explain individual differences in alcohol use during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 1127) were U.S. residents recruited for participation in an online survey. The survey included questions assessing environmental reward, depression, COVID-19-related distress, drinking motives, and alcohol use outcomes (alcohol use; drinking motives; alcohol demand, and solitary drinking). Outcomes were assessed for two timeframes: the 30 days prior to state-mandated social distancing (‘pre-social-distancing’), and the 30 days after the start of state-mandated social distancing (‘post-social-distancing’). Depression severity, coping motives, and frequency of solitary drinking were significantly greater post-social-distancing relative to pre-social-distancing. Conversely, environmental reward and other drinking motives (social, enhancement, and conformity) were significantly lower post-social distancing compared to pre-social-distancing. Time spent drinking and frequency of binge drinking were greater post-social-distancing compared to pre-social-distancing, whereas typical alcohol quantity/frequency were not significantly different between timeframes. Indices of alcohol demand were variable with regard to change. Mediation analyses suggested a significant indirect effects of reduced environmental reward with drinking quantity/frequency via increased depressive symptoms and coping motives, and a significant indirect effect of COVID-related distress with alcohol quantity/frequency via coping motives for drinking. Results provide early evidence regarding the relation of psychological distress with alcohol consumption and coping motives during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, results largely converged with predictions from self-medication and environmental reinforcement theories. Future research will be needed to study prospective associations among these outcomes.
An Exploration of the Social, Economic, and Political Inclusion of the Thai Lao, Thailand’s Largest Ethnic Minority Community
Authors: Draper John , Kamnuansilpa Peerasit , Streckfuss David
Published: June 2020

Thailand is known to exhibit extreme horizontal structural inequalities by ethnicity. While these differences are not publicly recognised because Thailand’s 62 ethnic groups are not legally recognised, they nonetheless affect state-minority relations, particularly the relationship between the dominant Central Thai ethnic community and the Thai Lao, Thailand’s largest ethnic community, which generally votes as a bloc against Central Thai-dominated political parties. To promote greater social, economic, and political inclusion, UN Sustainable Development Goal 10 advocates policies to address inequalities by ethnicity. As the Thai government does not recognise the Thai Lao, this is problematic. This study analyses opinions obtained from ‘establishment’ and ‘local elite’ samples on how to promote greater inclusion for the Thai Lao. It illustrates some of the barriers towards promoting greater socio-economic and political inclusion, including the lack of recognition, as well as opportunities, such as campaigning against racial discrimination and disaggregating data by ethnicity.
Religion across Axes of Inequality in the United States: Belonging, Behaving, and Believing at the Intersections of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Class, and Sexuality
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: June 2020

Much research considers group differences in religious belonging, behaving, and/or believing by gender, race, ethnicity, class, or sexuality. This study, however, considers all these factors at once, providing the first comprehensive snapshot of religious belonging, behaving, and believing across and within these axes of inequality in the United States. Leveraging unique data with an exceptionally large sample, I explore religion across 40 unique configurations of intersecting identities (e.g., one is non-Latina Black heterosexual college-educated women). Across all measures considered, Black women are at the top—however, depending on the measure, there are different subsets of Black women at the top. And whereas most sexual minorities are among the least religious Americans, Black sexual minorities—and especially those with a college degree—exhibit high levels of religious belonging, behaving, and believing. In fact, Black sexual minority women with a college degree meditate more frequently than any other group considered. Overall, whereas we see clear divides in how religious people are by factors like gender, education, and sexual orientation among most racial groups, race appears to overpower other factors for Black Americans who are consistently religious regardless of their other characteristics. By presenting levels of religious belonging, behaving, and believing across configurations of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality in the contemporary United States, this study provides a more complex and complete picture of American religion and spirituality.
School, Studying, and Smarts: Gender Stereotypes and Education Across 80 Years of American Print Media, 1930-2009
Authors: Boutyline Andrei , Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Cornell Devin
Published: June 2020

Gender stereotypes have important consequences for boys’ and girls’ academic outcomes. In this article, we apply computational word embeddings to a 200-million-word corpus of American print media (1930-2009) to examine how these stereotypes changed as women’s educational attainment caught up with and eventually surpassed men’s. This transformation presents a rare opportunity to observe how stereotypes change alongside the reversal of an important pattern of stratification. We track six stereotypes that prior work has linked to academic outcomes. Our results suggest that stereotypes of socio-behavioral skills and problem behaviors—attributes closely tied to the core stereotypical distinction between women as communal and men as agentic—remained unchanged. The other four stereotypes, however, became increasingly gender-polarized: as women’s academic attainment increased, school and studying gained increasingly feminine associations, whereas both intelligence and unintelligence gained increasingly masculine ones. Unexpectedly, we observe that trends in the gender associations of intelligence and studying are near-perfect mirror opposites, suggesting that they may be connected. Overall, the changes we observe appear consistent with contemporary theoretical accounts of the gender system that argue that it persists partly because surface stereotypes shift to reinterpret social change in terms of a durable hierarchical distinction between men and women.
Mechanisms of Social Capital in Organizations: How Team Cognition Influences Employee Commitment and Engagement
Authors: Kroll Alexander , DeHart-Davis Leisha , Vogel Dominik
Published: June 2020

While previous research has shown that organizational social capital benefits organizations and creates performance gains, most of this work examined this relationship at the macro level based on organizational aggregates. In this article, we study organizational social capital effects at the micro level, that is, its impact on important work-related attitudes of employees within organizations. We argue that individual perceptions of organization-wide social capital matter in determining employee attitudes like engagement and commitment. We also point to the critical role of team cognition in shaping individual perceptions of social capital in organizations. Using a representative sample of nearly twelve hundred individuals from two local government organizations in North Carolina, we find support for the indirect effect of team cognition on employee work attitudes. The findings suggest that a promising way to increase the social capital of organizations is through interventions at the team level.
Pochwała Koziołka Matołka, czyli o mądrości literatury dla najmłodszych
Authors: Heska‑Kwaśniewicz Krystyna
Published: June 2020

The article attempts to reread the canonical work of Polish children’s literature. It perceives its protagonist, Koziołek Matołek, as a sage and insightful observer of the world, whose disguise of a fool allows him to distance himself from it. Hence, Przygody Koziołka Matołka [The Adventures of Matołek the Billy‑goat] might also serve didactic purposes when it comes to the young readers in the 21st century; these might learn from it how to laugh at themselves or dissociate from problems, which are indispensable qualities regardless of the times we live in.
Profil žiaka vo vzťahu k učiteľovi
Authors: Dudová Katarína
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to bring a set of specific semantic features which profile both a pupil and a pupil’s perception of a teacher. This issue is manifested at several levels and in various aspects of the concept of SEEING in Slovak linguistic world view. The study seeks to examine this subject in view of the statements collected in the questionnaire survey conducted on 10—14‑year‑old high school students. Therefore, the author focuses on the adolescent pupil, his or her perception of the school environment, and the selection of perceived object properties.
Kepemimpinan Islami dan Etika Kerja Islami: Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Maksum Ikhsan
Published: June 2020

Kesuksesan sebuah perusahaan atau organisasi ditentukan oleh kemampuan pemimpin dalam membimbing dan menginspirasi bawahan untuk bersedia berkontribusi terhadap tujuan organisasi. Tidak hanya itu, etika kerja juga menjadi pendorong kinerja organisasi. Dari banyak studi yang membahas kepemimpinan dan etika kerja, masih terdapat banyak celah jika dikaitkan dengan perbedaan konteks penelitian dan perbedaan agama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk berkontribusi pada pengembangan konsep kepemimpinan islami dengan berdasarkan konteks penelitian pada lingkup industr halal. Penelitian menguji pengaruh secara langsung kepemimpinan islami (KI) dan etika kerja islami (EKI) terhadap kinerja karyawan (KK). Objek penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja pada perusahaan yang tergolong dalam cakupan industri halal di Kota Malang. Penelitian menggunakan seting penelitian lapangan (Field Setting) dan desain studi cross-sectional. Peneliti mengambil responden penelitian sebanyak 175 karyawan dari 10 perusahaan yang tergolong perusahaan halal di Kota Malang. Teknik regresi digunakan peneliti untuk menguji hipotesis yang disusun dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian mendukung hipotesis kepemimpinan islami dan etika kerja islami berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Autonomous vehicles as a challenge for the transport policy of the European Union
Authors: Tomaszewski Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The article refers to the phenomenon of autonomous vehicles in the transport policy of the European Union. Their use in practice results in the need to implement new solutions in the fields of technology, law, economics and politics. The European Union is taking various steps to prepare the Member States for an autonomous revolution. The aim of the article is to conceptualise the basic problems that can be investigated in the subject matter of autonomous vehicles as well as to analyse the position and strategy of the European Union towards autonomous transport. The article uses the decision method. Among the research findings, it should be pointed out that the EU as an international organisation is open and prepared to address the challenges posed by the implementation of autonomous transport. It takes effective action to coordinate the application of new solutions at the national level (in the Member States) as well as at the transnational level. In this way, the transport sector has the chance to dynamically develop and maintain its prominent position as a key sector of the EU economy. The implementation of innovative transport solutions is a conditio sine qua non for the future of this sector.
A tribe called Europe? An “emotional” perception of reality
Authors: Rothert Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

A main goal of this essay is the analysis of the contemporary phase of evolution of European “organism” by using approaches from political science and neuroscience. The transdisciplinary perspective allows for better understanding of finer points of human behavior which can be lost only in political science analysis. My simple and obvious assumption is that politics is about people. Human beings create groups, communities, etc. If it is so, maybe we should start with looking more closely into mechanisms of the most important part of ourselves. The brain. It is responsible for all human behaviour. Another crucial point is the connection between humans and environment. The concept of co-evolution is fundamental and very useful when we want to show intertwining relations between interiority (brain, body) and externality (behaviour, social and political structures). Europe may be the very context for this analysis, but it is most of all our humanity.