bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Mg Substituted Nanocrystalline Li Ferrite Obtained by the Method Auto-Ignition Sol-Gel
Authors: Ostafiychuk B.K. , Kaykan L.S. , Kaykan Y.S. , Hrubyak A.B. , Nykoliuk M.O.
Published: March 2018

The ultrafine particles of magnesium-substituted lithium ferrites of the general formula were synthesized by a low-temperature gel-citrate auto-combustion method. The structural characteristics of the samples were obtained on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM (emission electron spectroscopy) analyzes. XRD studies have confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure with crystallite sizes around 15 - 30 nm. The M-H loop was recorded using an F-64 ferrometer for all formulations at room temperature and 50 Hz and the hysteresis parameters obtained. The hysteresis loop of the obtained samples showed a clear saturation at the applied field ± 60 E and by its very nature the loop is very symmetrical. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric steel, resistivity (s) and conductivity of samples () were investigated as a function of frequency in the range of 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz and in the temperature range 293 - 493 K using an impedance spectrometer. The dielectric constant of the samples revealed a normal frequency dependence of the dielectric, indicating that the dispersion is due to the polarization of the boundaries of the Maxwell-Wagner type grains and the jump of the electron between ions.
The Plasticing Effect on Structure Forming and Crystallization Processes in Polymer Blends of Polypropylene-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Authors: Dzubenko L.S. , Plavan V.P. , Rezanova N.M. , Orans’ka O.I. , Sapyanenko O.O. , Gorbyk P.P.
Published: March 2018

There is one established, that  glycerol’s injection in (7,0 ÷ 15,0)% of mass. amount into polymer blend of polypropylene/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PP/PVA) of mass equation 30/70% is not changing the structure forming character of PP into PVA matrix: there are parts, films and external shells being formed alongside with PP fibers. When at this, during concentration increase of selective plastifier, there are PP fiber forming process into PP matrix gonna being bad, and those are consisting in average microfiber diameters and mass part of films increase. There are features of structure forming, being linked in plastifying effect of glycerol on the blend melts, and, when simultaneously with, in the those decrease of kinetical stability. There are crystallization temperature of PVA increasing, simultaneously at plasticizer content of 7,0 % of mass., and there is PP crystallization peak absent through polymer amorphization. There is crystallinity’s degree of PP decreases, through high dispersion state of polymer.
The Peculiarities of Structure Formation Upon Sintering of TiH2+TiВ2 Powder Blends
Authors: Іvasishin О.М. , Bagliuk G.А. , Stasiuk О.О. , Savvakin D.G.
Published: March 2018

The investigation results on peculiarities of phase and structure formation as well as sintering kinetic of compacted TiH2 - TiВ2 powder blends. It was shown, the most intensive shrinkage upon heating took place within temperature range of TiH2 dehydrogenation (400 ÷ 650 0С). Heating of powder blend up to sintering temperature (1350 0С) resulted in formation of acicular TiB particles in titanium matrix, the amount of particles is increased with increase in exposure to 20 min. The longer duration of isothermal exposure did not lead to increase in amount and size growing of TiB particles. X-ray analysis of sintered TiН2+TiВ2 powder blend demonstrated the presence of titanium matrix phase, orthorhombic TiВ phase, and traces of Ti-B compounds of different concentrations (Ті3В4 and Ті2В5). The dilatometric investigations proved that addition of boride compounds and increase in boride content in powder blend led to decrease in shrinkage upon sintering as compared to shrinkage of single TiH2 powder compacts.
Formation of the Sputtered Phase of PbTe Crystals by Ar+ Plasma and Re-deposition of the Sputtered Species at Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry Conditions
Authors: Zayachuk D.M. , Slynko V.E. , Csik A.
Published: March 2018

Formation of the Pb and Te sputtered phase under exposure of the lateral surface of PbTe crystals grown from melt by the Bridgman method by Ar+ plasma at Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry (SNMS) conditions and re-deposition of the sputtered species on the sputtering crystal surface are investigated. Experimental evidence of mutual influence of the sputtering and re-deposition processes on each other during prolonged depth profiling of PbTe crystals is presented. Sputtering of the PbTe crystal surface forms the strongly supersaturated sputtered phase of Pb and Te. Re-deposition of the Pb and Te sputtered atoms on the crystal surface results in oscillations of sputtering rate of PbTe crystal and changes of average intensity of Pb and Te sputtering over sputtering time. A possible role of both the sub-critical nuclei of newly re-deposited phase and the re-deposited surface structures of post-critical sizes in generation of the features of PbTe crystal sputtering is discussed. It is concluded that formation and re-sputtering of the sub-critical nuclei of re-deposited phase leads to the oscillations of sputter yields of Pb and Te. Growth and re-sputtering of the re-deposited surface structures of post-critical sizes lead to changes of average values of Pb and Te sputter yields.
Influence of Thermal Diffusion on the Hysteresis Area of Hydrogen Impurities’ Catalytic Combustion on Platinum Wire
Authors: Kalinchak V.V. , Sofronkov A.N. , Fedorenko A.V. , Chernenko A.S.
Published: March 2018

A complex investigation of the hysteresis mechanisms of heat and mass exchange and catalytic flameless combustion of hydrogen-air mixtures on platinum’s particles and wires. Thermal diffusion of hydrogen does not affect the critical conditions for self-ignition mixture unlike conditions extinction mixture. Method is proposed the analytical determination of the hysteresis areas heat and mass exchange particles (wires) catalyst. Inside the areas there is a catalytic ignition, and outside - stationary states of oxidation and catalytic combustion of combustible gas in the air.
Indium Saving Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Sputtering at Room Temperature
Authors: Voisin Leandro , Ohtsuka Makoto , Nakamura Takashi , Petrovska S. , Ilkiv B. , Sergiienko R.
Published: March 2018

Indium saving indium tin oxide ITO thin films have been deposited using a sputtering deposition technique in pure Ar and in mixed argon-oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. A transmittance value of more than 85 % in the visible region of the spectrum and a resistivity of 2420 µΩcm has been obtained for the thin films deposited in pure Ar and subsequently heat treated at 923 K. The structure of the as-deposited indium saving indium-tin oxide films was amorphous and the crystallinity was improved with increasing heat treatment temperature. An increase in the heat treatment temperature does not enhance the transmittance of the films at oxygen flow rate higher than 0.4 cm3/min.
Gibbs Grand Thermodynamic Potential in the Theory of Kinetic Crystal Properties
Authors: Budjak J.S.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, using Gibbs grand thermodynamic potential, kinetic tensors of electrical and thermal conductivity generalized equations known in non-equilibrium thermodynamics have been proven. These tensors determine calculation algorithms of the material tensors of conductor crystals and various galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic effects coefficients. These algorithms are pragmatic formulas in calculation problems of crystals kinetic properties and in the problems for prediction of semiconductor crystals with preset properties. Their pragmatism is proven by the huge number of scientific papers dedicated to kinetic properties of semiconductor crystals study.
Classical Size Effects in Sb Doped SnTe Thin Films
Authors: Saliy Ya.P.
Published: March 2018

The possibility of obtaining strongly degenerate (> 4×1020 сm-3) SnTe thin films (d = 200 - 2000 nm) with p-type conductivity by thermal evaporation in vacuum of SnTe crystals doped with Sb, with subsequent condensation onto as (0001) mica and sytal substrates, was established. The thickness dependences of electro-physical properties of thin films were obtained. In this region of thickness there was growth of the carrier mobility with thickness, which is attributable to manifestation of classical size effect and interpreted in the framework of Fuchs-Sondheimer theory. These measurements show little correlation between the length of free path of charge cattiers and the lateral diameter of surface objects.
Influence of Obtainment Conditions and Excitation Into Spectral and Kinetic Characteristics of Cathodoluminescence in Y2O3:Eu Thin Films
Authors: Bordun O. M. , Bordun I. O. , Kukharskyy I. Yo. , Polovynko I. I.
Published: March 2018

The spectra and kinetics of the rise and decay of the cathodoluminescence (CL) of thin films of Y2O3:Eu obtained by RF-magnetron sputtering were investigated. Based on the shape of the CL spectra at different excitation energies, it showed the possibility of creating irregular solutions of yttrium and europium oxides and the structural features of the surface and bulk layers. The time constant for the decay CL for 612 nm emission was determined and the value of which is within the range (1.8 - 4.1) ms. This value is a complex function of the type of film deposition atmosphere, the activator concentration, and the duration of the exciting pulses was shown. The features of the risen CL and the proposal based on the delayed rise CL analyze structural perfection of Y2O3:Eu  thin films.
Investigation the Structures ZnO:Al/SiOx/PorSi/p-Si/Al
Authors: Kidalov V.V. , Dyadenchuk A.F. , Khrypko S.L. , Khrypko O.S.
Published: March 2018

Was investigated the luminescent properties of the system ZnO:Al/SiO2/PorSi/Si, which was formed by the method of spray pyrolysis. The shift of the photoluminescence intensity at wavelengths of 350 - 450 nm happen due to the introduction of ZnO in porous silicon, the intensity increases with increasing concentration of aluminum from 1.5 at.% to 4.5 at.%.
The Transformation of the Structure at Heating and Mechanism of Thermal Expansion of Sn-Bi Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Shtablavyi I.I. , Mudry S.I. , Liudkevych U.I.
Published: March 2018

The short range order structures of Sn-Bi eutectic melt has been studied by means of X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte-Carlo methods within 420 – 1120 К temperature range. Temperature dependences of interatomic distances and thermal expansion coefficient within first coordination sphere were calculated. Free volume temperature variation was investigated using Voronoi-Delone statistic-geometric method. Obtained data allowed us to find the occurrence of smeared structure transformation in Sn-Bi liquid eutectic and determine the temperature range of this transformation. Results of this study have a potential application in soldering technologies, particularly at improving of interface region properties.
Influence of Operating Conditions on Structure and Physical Properties of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Domantsevych N. I. , Shunkina O. V. , Yatsyshyn B. P.
Published: March 2018

The changes in structure and physical properties of polymeric materials that exploited in a long time with complex mechanical loads used in pipe systems for high-pressure cold water have been studied. A significant reduction in the mechanical properties of polymeric materials has been established. The most typical structural defects that occur in polymer materials during manufacture and in the exploitations, using electron microscopic studies identified.
Thermoelectric Properties of Solid Solutions PbSnAgTe
Authors: Haluschak M.O. , Horichok I.V. , Semko T.O. , Mydryi S.I. , Optasyuk S. , Dzumedzey R.O.
Published: March 2018

The phase composition and thermoelectric properties of solid solutions Pb16Sn2Ag2Te20 and Pb14Sn4Ag2Te20 are researched. Biphasic structure of the samples is installed, which providing to low values of thermal conductivity. Best samples have values of dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ≈ 0,55.
Dissipative Structures Following Damaging and Irreversible Deforming of the Ground and Rock Mass
Authors: Zakharova L.M.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the paper is investigation of the dissipative structures that occur in solids on the instance of rock mass during its damaging and irreversible deforming. Ground movement monitoring of surrounding underground roadway rock mass and landslides has been employed as the method of investigation. The author of this paper registered the dissipative structures that dispersed the ground pressure energy, periodically changing their patterns during irreversible deformation. It was found for the first time that short interaction of the rock fragments and far cooperation of the clusters minimize the entropy production, and are the form in which the dissipative structures appear. Space and time parameters of these structures evolution have been investigated. In order to achieve the practical relevance of the experimental findings a new principle of constructions stability enhancement were developed. Both the translational and rotational degree of freedom should be restricted for moving ground in three dimensional state.
Crystalline, magnetic and domain structure of epitaxial ferritegarnet films (review)
Authors: Kotsyubynsky А.О.
Published: March 2018

The article gives a literary review of the current state of research of ferrite-garnet films. The basic crystalline and magnetic characteristics of thin films of iron-yttrium garnet are considered. We analyzed the causes of the appearance of the labyrinth, stripe and cylindrical domain structure. It is shown that the domain structure of the yttrium iron garnet strongly depends on many parameters of the films, in particular on the thickness, structural perfection of the surface and the sample as a whole. The article reviews the most common methods of synthesis, ion implantation and post-growth treatment of ferrite-garnet films. The study of dependencies between the conditions of obtaining, the chemical composition, the posttreatment conditions, the defective structure and the magnetic properties of ferrite-garnet films have great practical value for obtaining films with predetermined properties.
Self-Consistent Calculation of Potential Profile of GaN/AlN Resonace Tunnelling Structures
Authors: Boyko I.V. , Tkach M.V. , Seti Ju.O.
Published: March 2018

For resonant tunneling structure with GaN – potential wells and AlN – potential barriers, calculation of internal fields caused by piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization was carried. In the model the effective mass of an electron and a dielectric continuum model using finite difference method self-consistent solutions of the Schrödinger and Poisson system of equations taking into account the contribution of piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations was found.Based on the found solutions of the Schrödinger and Poisson system of equations for resonance tunneling structure, which functioned as a cascade experimentally realized a quantum cascade detector, calculation of the potential profile and the electron energy spectrum was carried. It was found, that calculated value of detected energy is different from the experimentally obtained not more than 3 %.
Peculiarities of Morphology Formation of Silicon Surface under the Action of Laser Pulses
Authors: Bonchyk O.Yu. , Kiyak S.G. , Mohylyak I.A. , Popovych D.I.
Published: March 2018

The experimental studies of geometry features of silicon layers in areas of second and millisecond laser pulses were carried out. The results of microscopic studies of periodic structures that are formed on the surfaces with crystallographic orientation (111) (110) (100) and on planes, cut at an angle of 6° to the plane (100) and amorphous layers В2О3 deposited on the surface of silicon were presented. The results can be used to determine the crystallographic orientation of the semiconductor surface and express assessment of disorientation degree of crystal surface.
Features of Structural Inhomogeneities in Doped Cadmium Antimonide Crystals
Authors: Koval Yu. V. , Zakharchuk D. A. , Yashchynskyy L. V. , Panasyuk L. I. , Fedosov S. A.
Published: March 2018

The paper presents the results of research to identify inhomogeneities in tellurium doped CdSb crystals. The work aims to investigate the influence of structural inhomogeneities and establish the presence of periodicity in the distribution of data inhomogeneities. It was found with a two-probe compensation method, optical topography method, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX-analysis the presence layered structure with several layers of types, characterized by different periods.
Properties of Highly Dispersed Systems on The Base of Cadmium Telluride Obtained by Electrochemical Dispergation
Authors: Boruk S.D. , Dremlyuzhenko K.S. , Tsalyi V.Z. , Yuriychuk І.М. , Kladko V.P. , Gudimenko A.Y. , Kapush O.A. , Dremlyuzhenko S.G. , Budzulyak S.I.
Published: March 2018

Physical and chemical properties of highly dispersed systems on the base of metallic (cadmium, tellurium) and semiconductor materials (cadmium telluride) obtained by the plasma-electrochemical method are studied. It is shown that obtained systems consist of particles of different sizes, and in some cases there are two polymorphic modifications of the systems.
Optical Absorption of Chalcogenide Glass Ga2S3-La2S3 Doped with Erbium
Authors: Halyan V.V. , Kevshyn A.H. , Ivashchenko І.А. , Olekseuk І.D. , Danyliuk I.V. , Shavarova G.P.
Published: March 2018

The glasses of the La2S3–Er2S3–Ga2S3 system were synthesized from the melted samples which where quenched in to the cold 25-% solution of NaCl. Their optical absorption spectra were studied in the range of 1.2–2.9 eV at 80 K. For doped erbium glasses, there are narrow absorption bands with maxima at 2.53, 2.35, 2.27, 1.88, 1.54, 1.26 eV. With increasing of the content of La2S3 (30 - 40 mol. %) the bandgap width decreases (Eg = 2.83 - 2.73 eV) and the Urbach parameter increases (DE = 151 - 238 meV). These changes are determined by the structural disorder in the glasses.
Problems of Selection of Lubricants for Ethylene High-Pressure Compressors. 3. Investigation of Viscous-and-Thermal Properties of Lubricants
Authors: Sirenko H.О. , Sulyma І.V. , Shmaltser N.V.
Published: March 2018

The viscous-and-thermal properties of naphtene and polyglycol oils and compositions on their basis have been studied. The investigate lubricants for high-pressure ethylene compressors have estimated according to a complex criterion which is included the со-relation of viscosity of oils for two temperatures; relative and interval temperature coefficient of viscosity and three coefficients of an adequate equation of approximation of dependence the logarithm of viscosity on the logarithm of temperature. A comprehensive assessment made it possible to complite the lubrication efficiency rows.
Improvement of Sorption Parameters of Nickel Ions on Bentonite in the Result of its Irradiation by Microwaves
Authors: Sysa L. , Shevchuk L. , Kontsur A.
Published: March 2018

The adsorption isotherms of nickel ions from aqueous solutions on bentonite, a natural argillaceous material, previously prepared using ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves ("microwaves") were researched in the article. The phase composition of the sorbent was studied by applying the X-ray powder method. Bentonite sample being pre-wetted and irradiated by microwaves shows 2.7 times better sorption properties than the untreated (native) sample, which was shown on the example of the adsorption process of nickel ions from model solutions in static conditions. The sorption parameters prepared by using the "microwaved" and the native samples of bentonite were calculated according to the Langmuir adsorption equations. The barrier density of nickel in the irradiated sorbent is 16.4 mg/g (0.28 mmol/g), whereas for native bentonite the value of the analogous parameter is 6.0 mg/g (0.10 mmol/g). The reason for such an increase in sorption properties may be the change in the crystalline structure and distribution of micropores on the surface of the sorbent under the action of "microwaves" in the aqueous medium. The determinants in the pre-preparation of sorbent by "microwaves" are the ultimate power and time of irradiation.
Problem of Selection and Properties of Lubricants for Ethelene High-Pressure Compressors. 5. Сompatibility of Oils with Polyethylene
Authors: Sirenko H. O. , Martynyuk M. I. , Svidersky V. P. , Sulyma I. V. , Ilnіtskyy R. V. , Shmaltser N. V. , Kretov M. I. , Zavoyko A. M. , Kuzyshyn O. V.
Published: March 2018

The technology of obtaining and properties of ethylene compositions with different content of oils inside is researched. It is shown viscous-mechanical properties of polyethylene during the addition of a different quantity of lubricants. The results of researches of physics-mechanics and dielectric properties of polyethylene, synthesized during ingress of naphthene, with addition of 0,15% of different oils and thermooxidants.
Sensory Elements and Devices Operational Diagnostic Blood Glucose Using Near Infrared Radiation
Authors: Kotyk M. V. , Kogut I. T. , Saffouri Ch. G.
Published: March 2018

The article describes a method for measuring the concentration of glucose in human blood by the non-invasive methods using near-infrared optical technology. In medical practice, glucose concentration in the blood in most cases is measured by invasive methods involving the collection of blood from the finger or vein, while non-invasive devices for determining the level of glucose preserve the operational measurement of blood-borne levels. Invasive methods are expensive and painful. Frequent piercing of fingers causes corns on the skin, and also increases the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Thus, the development of a system of non-invasive measurement of glucose in the blood will be useful for patients with diabetes mellitus. The proposed system consists of emitters of signals with a wavelength of 940 nm. These optical signals are sent through the earlobe, and the rays passing through it are fixed by a phototransistor located on another part of the device. The concentration of glucose in the blood is determined by analyzing the intensity variation obtained after passing the signal. The accuracy of the measurements of the proposed system can be improved by integrating its sensitive and emitting elements based on the SOI of the CMOS structures.
Associations among job demands and resources, work engagement, and psychological distress: fixed-effects model analysis in Japan
Authors: Oshio Takashi , Inoue Akiomi , Tsutsumi Akizumi
Published: March 2018

Objectives

We examined the associations among job demands and resources, work engagement, and psychological distress, adjusted for time-invariant individual attributes.

Methods

We used data from a Japanese occupational cohort survey, which included 18,702 observations of 7,843 individuals. We investigated how work engagement, measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, was associated with key aspects of job demands and resources, using fixed-effects regression models. We further estimated the fixed-effects models to assess how work engagement moderated the association between each job characteristic and psychological distress as measured by Kessler 6 scores.

Results

The fixed-effects models showed that work engagement was positively associated with job resources, as did pooled cross-sectional and prospective cohort models. Specifically, the standardized regression coefficients (β) were 0.148 and 0.120 for extrinsic reward and decision latitude, respectively, compared to -0.159 and 0.020 for role ambiguity and workload and time pressure, respectively (p < 0.001 for all associations). Work engagement modestly moderated the associations of psychological distress with workload and time pressure and extrinsic reward; a one-standard deviation increase in work engagement moderated their associations by 19.2% (p < 0.001) and 11.3% (p = 0.034), respectively.

Conclusions

Work engagement was associated with job demands and resources, which is in line with the theoretical prediction of the job demands-resources model, even after controlling for time-invariant individual attributes. Work engagement moderated the association between selected aspects of job demands and resources and psychological distress.
INHIBITION OF ADHESION OF UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI TO CANINE AND FELINE UROEPITHELIAL CELLS BY AN EXTRACT FROM CRANBERRY
Authors: Mayot Gilles , Secher Camille , Patrick Di Martino And
Published: March 2018

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main infectious agent of urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans, dogs and cats. Dietary consumption of cranberries is thought to be associated with prevention of UTI in humans based on decreased adhesion of UPEC to uroepithelial cells. The present study evaluated the impact of cranberry extract addition on the attachment of UPEC to canine Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney uroepithelial cells. When the extract was present during bacterial growth or only during adhesion tests, a dose-dependent decrease of UPEC adhesion to all cell types was observed. Bacterial growth was weakly decreased only in the presence of the highest concentration of cranberry extract showing that the anti-adherence effect did not require a bacterial growth inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the addition of cranberry extract has preventive effects on the in vitro bacterial attachment to canine and feline uroepithelial cells in a dose dependent way.
IN VITRO ANTISCHISTOSOMAL ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM CEPA L. (RED ONION) EXTRACTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION BY GC-MS
Authors: Abdel-Lateef Ezzat , Rabia Ibrahim , Abdel-Gawad Mahfouz , El-Sayed Mortada
Published: March 2018

Allium cepa L. (red onion) is one of the most famous vegetable crops grown in Egypt due to its medical and nutritional importance. In vitro antischistosomal bioassay of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanolic (BuOH) fractions derived from methanolic (MeOH) extract of A. cepa as well as the essential oil of plant bulbs was carried out using ascending doses. The chemical constituents of essential oil were further investigated using GC-MS analysis. The results revealed that the MeOH extract, EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction and essential oil have a significant effect on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. The essential oil of A. cepa gave high worm mortality (%) at the concentration 500 µg/mL (75%), 250 µg/mL (50%) and 125 µg/mL (30%) death rate after 24 hours. GC-MS analysis of A. cepa essential oil exhibited different chemical volatile constituents such as organosulfur compounds, alcohols, acids, esters, furans, phenols, and aldehyde. 3, 5-Diethyl -1, 2, 4-trithiolane (10.17%), 1, 3, 5-trithiolane (7.80%), and 3-(2H-furanone, 2-hexyl-5-methyl) (7.74%) represented the highest contents percent in essential oil of A. cepa bulbs.
In conclusion, the bulbs of A. cepa exhibited antischistosomal activities and contain a variety of bioactive chemical constituents and can be considered as a natural antischistosomal agent.
INFLUENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS OF BREEDING ON THE COST MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF SPECIALIZED POULTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Tkachenko Volodymyr , Rodina Olga , Savchenko Tethane
Published: March 2018

Reducing of enterprise costs, improving the organizational and methodological provision of cost management, the objectification of the apparatus to determine their level of efficiency appears to be a priority problem for any enterprise. The main purpose is to improve the methodology for determining the cost-effectiveness of the management taking into account technological factors of growing at poultry enterprises. To improve the quality of the process of assessing the effectiveness of cost management it is recommended to use a balanced system of indicators, which is modified according to the branch features of the enterprise's activity. The basis of the proposed method is the assessment of three group indicators, for results of which calculates the integral coefficient, taking into account the importance of each of the criteria.
TRADE FACILITATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Yatsenko Olha , Schneeberger Kenneth C. , Tananaiko Tetiana
Published: March 2018

The article substantiates the expediency of trade facilitation between Ukraine and the countries of North America. This is a recent problem for Ukraine as the country affected by geopolitical risks. One of the solutions, needed in order to materialize the national economic interests and to defend the state sovereignty, is to enhance partnership with the countries of North America which are acknowledged leaders of the global economy. The purpose of this article is to justify recommendations related to development and implementation of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of North America. The main issue is the development of cooperation under the protective trade policy of the USA and Canada. Using the GTAP model, the article provides several scenarios of trade and economic cooperation with the purpose of choosing the best one. The article also corroborates and offers focus areas and tools to improve trade relations between the countries.
THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF USING AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING FOR FOREST INVENTORIES IN LITHUANIA
Authors: MOZGERIS Gintautas , BIKUVIENĖ Ina , JONIKAVICIUS Donatas
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to test the usability of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for stand-wise forest inventories in Lithuania based on operational approaches from Nordic countries, taking into account Lithuanian forest conditions and requirements for stand-wise inventories, such as more complex forests, unified requirements for inventory of all forests, i.e. no matter the ownership, availability of supporting material from previous inventories and high accuracy requirements for total volume estimation. Test area in central part of Lithuania (area 2674 ha) was scanned using target point density 1 m-2 followed by measurements of 440 circular field plots (area 100–500 m2). Detailed information on 22 final felling areas with all trees callipered (total area 42.7 ha) was made available to represent forest at mature age. Updated information from conventional stand-wise inventory was made available for the whole study area, too. A two phase sampling with nonparametric Most Similar Neighbor estimator was used to predict point-wise forest characteristics. Total volume of the stand per 1 ha was predicted with an root mean square error of 18.6 %, basal area – 17.7 %, mean diameter – 13.6 %, mean height – 7.9 % and number of tree – 42.8 % at plot-level with practically no significant bias. However, the relative root mean square errors increased 2–4 times when trying to predict forest characteristics by three major groups of tree species – pine, spruce and all deciduous trees taken together. Main conclusion of the study was that accuracy of predicting volume using ALS data decreased notably when targeting forest characteristics by three major groups of tree species.
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURA 2000 SITES ON THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF POLISH REGIONS
Authors: PAWLEWICZ Katarzyna , PAWLEWICZ Adam , CIEŚLAK Iwona
Published: March 2018

This article evaluates the influence of the Natura 2000 network (N2K) of protected areas on the investment attractiveness of Polish regions. Natura 2000 sites were analyzed with the use of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a linear ordering method with a common pattern and anti-pattern of development, and correlation analysis (Pearson’s correlation coefficient). The basic unit of analysis was the county (Polish: powiat, the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland). Poland is divided into 16 regions (known as voivodeships) with a total of 380 counties. The results of the analysis were used to determine synthetic values describing the level and potential of investment attractiveness in Polish counties, and the strength of correlations between the evaluated phenomena. Indicators of investment attractiveness of Polish counties were selected based on published data and analyzed in view of several criteria: labor resources, technical infrastructure, social infrastructure, market support and administrative support. The correlations between the investment attractiveness of Polish counties and the presence of N2K sites in those counties were analyzed statistically. Data for analysis were acquired from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The analysis revealed that the presence of N2K sites in the examined territorial units does not significantly influence their investment attractiveness.
POPULATION DENSITY IN RURAL AREAS AS A DRIVER OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: POLCYN Jan , CZYŻEWSKI Bazyli
Published: March 2018

Rural areas are typically characterised by uneven access to education and the resulting varying levels of pupils’ educational attainment. The inefficiency of the education system may lead to a decreased level of human capital development in the society. It is therefore vital to identify the factors responsible for the inefficiency of the education system and take steps to mitigate their negative impact. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the population density in rural areas, the pupils’ average level of examination performance and the educational value added. The analyses were based on the exam results achieved by lower secondary school-leavers in 1,372 rural communes between 2012 and 2014. The original intention was to include all rural communes in the analysis. However, due to the incompleteness of the data concerning some of the communes, they were eventually excluded from the study. The final sample for analysis consisted of about 58% of all rural communes in Poland. The communes were divided into classes, based on the criterion of population density. The objects under study were arranged in an ascending order according to the value of the population density variable, and then divided into four classes (class A contained 25% of communes with the highest population density). The classes thus defined were used as a qualitative predictor in the subsequently performed ANOVA test. As a next step, contrasts were determined by applying a simple contrast to the analysed classes of communes. The analyses revealed that the highest examination results were achieved in the communes with the highest population density, while the lowest examination results were found in the communes with the lowest population density. This dependence may be indicative of educational negligence at lower levels of education, in this particular case - at the stage of primary school. The results of the analyses point to the need for expanding the network of nursery schools. To address the above problem, financial support should be provided from the state budget to social initiatives aimed at increasing the access to nursery schools, e.g. by creating an appropriate system of subsidies for nursery schools run by both local governments and private entities.
THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES ON THE MOISTURE RETENTION OF SOIL
Authors: ADAMONYTĖ Inga , GRYBAUSKIENĖ Vilda , VYČIENĖ Gitana
Published: March 2018

With the onset of climate change, dry periods are more frequent, and therefore the rational use of naturally accumulating soil moisture can be a tool to regulate the unfavourable soil moisture regime. Demand for new biological materials is increasing rapidly with the development of biotechnological science. Superabsorbent or water retaining material is considered promising material that is widely used in the fields of industry and agriculture. These can both absorb large amounts of water, as much as hundreds of times their own mass. The use of biological environmentally friendly additives to the cultivation of agricultural products, particularly germination and rooting periods, can ensure the required moisture content of the soil. The use of additives is more economical growing relatively more expensive raw materials, so in most cases it is related to vegetable and berry crops. The aim is to investigate the extent to which biological additives can absorb and give back moisture, assessing the different incorporation relations, as well as different biological additives. Soil moisture variation for samples with embedded biological additives ended after 24 and 26 days under laboratory conditions at 17 and 19 °C; it ended after 15 days in an environmental chamber at 20 °C. On average, soil moisture retention increases by 14 days more than the control without additives. The results showed that at low temperatures all the biological additives considered help to keep the moisture available to the plants longer in the soil for approximately the same number of days. In assessing these results, it should be emphasized that the conditions in the nature are different from the simulated critical temperatures and without the addition of moisture, in the natural conditions the impact of biological additives will be longer.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THINNING DEGRADED SWAMPS FOREST STANDS IN SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM`S DEVELOPMENT
Authors: JAVA Oskars
Published: March 2018

In scope of biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem development swamps ecosystem restoration is important, because by eradicating the effect of drainage in swamps, negative impact on adjacent intact or relatively intact raised swamps and hydrological regime of other wetlands is lowered. Tree cutting in degraded swamps forest stands would speed up restoration of ecosystems disturbed hydrological regime. Habitat conservation value in long-term is the same as for habitat 7110* Intact raised swamps, as in case of hydrological regime restoration, within time it will transform into 7110*. Several specially protected plant species can be found only in raised swamps.
Tree stand transpiration volume varies depending on air temperature and solar radiation. Since in reality it is impossible to change air temperature or solar radiation in order to increase the groundwater level in a swamp, we can reduce the leaf area index (LAI) which is the most significant value influencing transpiration by cutting down trees.
Aim of this paper is to examine how LAI interacts with groundwater level by using system dynamics swamps ecosystem model.
Swamps ecosystem model shows correlation between LAI and groundwater level.
As a result of this research author observes, that LAI interacts groundwater level and system dynamics modelling could be useful to calculate degraded swamps forest stands thinning intensity through mathematical relationships.
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION – BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: ŁUCZKA Władysława , SMOLUK-SIKORSKA Joanna
Published: March 2018

The aim of the considerations is to define the essence of sustainable consumption as one of the conditions of the practical realisation of sustainable development concept. The paper underlines the importance of sustainable consumption implementation as well as its importance for the future development. The existence of narrow and broad understanding of sustainable consumption was indicated in the elaboration. In the first case, it concerns environmental aspects, whereas in the second, it covers three dimensions: economic, environmental and social ones. The authors also indicated the practices in fames of sustainable consumption on different levels, i.e. individuals, households and governmental ones. They considered different aspects of sustainable consumption, which is an alternative occurrence in relation to consumptionism and manifests itself in eco-consumption, collaborative consumption, deconsumption and responsible consumption. Nevertheless, sustainable consumption is on the margin of mainstream consumption processes. The elaboration also presents a number of factors and obstacles for realisation of the sustainable consumption, both on demand and supply side. First, it requires fundamental changes in value system, social awareness and consumer habits. The state should use particular tools (informational, legal, economic and financial ones) to enable realisation of the sustainable consumption concept.
FROM TRADITIONAL BUSINESS TO SOCIAL ONE: NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: GREBLIKAITE Jolita , GERULAITIENE Neringa , SROKA Wlodzimierz
Published: March 2018

In many EU countries economic and social development stagnates. The reasons are various and depends on the country. Some countries are still leaders (Germany, Great Britain, France), but depending on political events and complicated issues in each of them common EU internal market is kept as rather passive and not expanding in terms of consumption and investments. Especially it is related to countries suffering their internal business problems. The research problem of this paper is related to the issues how to provide some innovative solutions to traditional enterprises in Lithuania and Poland for their prosperous development. The aim of the paper is to analyse the situation and problems of traditional business in rural areas of Lithuania and Poland and propose development possibilities applying social initiatives and becoming social enterprises. The research object of the paper is traditional and social enterprises in rural areas. The research discloses that in Lithuania and Poland the situation in rural areas has a lot of similarities in terms of development and problems. Social entrepreneurship in both countries is kept as possibility but still problems and specificity exist in the countries.
EFFICIENCY OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF POLISH COMMUNES IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: KOBIAŁKA Anna , KUBIK Renata
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of investment activity in the communes in Poland. The commune is a basic unit of local government in Poland, and rural and urban-rural communes constitute the vast majority of municipalities. Communes in their own name and on their own account carry out public tasks that cover all tasks of local interest, including technical and environmental infrastructure. Despite many researches on the efficiency of communes, there are no studies on selected activities as well as on rural areas only. The nonparametric method of technical efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in the study. The inputs and the effects of investment activity of rural and urban-rural communes in 2007-2013 were compared. This period was related to the duration of EU support programs. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Local Data Bank which is Poland's largest database of the economy, society and the environment. The ranking of investment activity for communes were made based of the calculated average for indicators of efficiency. The studies conducted show that the amount of expenditure incurred on the studied spheres of investment activity of the analyzed communes does not translate into their efficiency. This is connected with the possibility of obtaining additional funds from EU. Information on the use of EU funds for financing the municipal investments were not included in the study due to lack of data before 2010. Among the analyzed rural and urban-rural communes the most efficient ones were located in the Mazowieckie, Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships, although they were not fully efficient throughout the considered period. Due to its closeness to the capital, the municipality of Mazowieckie voivodeship belongs to an area with a high degree of urbanization. Communes from the Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships belong to regions characterized by a high share of rural areas. The dynamic development of infrastructure is extremely important in terms of divergence between regions of the country.
Preeklampsi, Maternal ve Fetal Etkileri, Yönetimi Önlenmesine Yönelik Girişimler ve Hemşirenin Rolü
Authors: UĞURLU Meltem , YAVAN Tülay
Published: March 2018

Preeklampsi
maternal ve perinatal mortalite ve morbiditenin önemli bir nedenidir. Her yıl
dünyada yaklaşık 70.000 anne ölümünden ve 500.000 bebek ölümünden sorumludur. Preeklampsi
mate﻿rnal renal yetmezlik, böbrek tutulumu gibi organ disfonksiyonu ya da  uteroplesental yetmezlik, fetal büyüme
geriliği gibi komplikasyonlar açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Preeklampside maternal-fetal
morbidite ve mortalitenin yüksek olması, etiyoloji ve patogenezin tam olarak
bilinmemesi nedeniyle koruyucu yaklaşımların önemi dikkat çekmektedir. Hemşireler
preeklampsinin tanılanması, değerlendirilmesi ve yönetiminde kritik bir role
sahiptirler. Araştırmalarda nitelik ve nicelik bakımından yeterli doğum öncesi
bakım hizmetlerinin, riskli ya da hafif preeklampsi tanısı almış gebelere
yararlı olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Hemşirelerin hasta bakımı ve yönetimini güvenli
bir şekilde sürdürebilmeleri için preeklampsi yönetiminde nasıl bir hemşirelik
bakımı uygulaması gerektiğini bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Literatürde preeklampsi
ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışmaya rastlanırken preeklampsi ve hemşirelik ile
ilgili çalışmaların az olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konudaki bilimsel çalışmaların
preeklampsi riski taşıyan gebelere kaliteli bir hemşirelik bakımının sağlanması
ile maternal ve neonatal sağlığın korunmasına katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir.
QUESTIONS HARDWARE BASSBOOST MAGNETO-LEVITATION VEHICLES
Authors: DIANOV Vyacheslav N , GEVONDYAN Tamara A
Published: March 2018

One of the hallmarks of the magneto-levitation transport are a big, life cycle and safety. The concept of security and life-cycle are important parameters: the probability of failure, failure rate, reliability, time to return to a safe status. Improving the reliability and security of modern rolling stock is possible through the improvement of railway automatics and telemechanics. Operated system monitoring and diagnostics of rolling stock consisting of a complex stationary, airborne and mobile systems, solve the problems of the prevention of failures and accelerated deterioration, maintain the technical characteristics of the equipment at a predetermined level and providing an assigned resource. The transition to a more technically complex objects - magnetolevitation vehicles - requires additional development funds to improve reliability, including the detection and diagnosis of failure States and conditions of intermittent failures - failures. The reliability of the control and diagnostic systems have many times exceed the reliability of the rolling equipment and perform the following main functions: - settings of sensors and measurement channels the parameters for a specific object; - identification of the elements of the object, registration of extreme deviations, their localization and signaling of limit deviations of parameters; - formation of a database state changes of elements, determination of residual life of components and of the facility as a whole.