bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Repetitive Sequences in Brachyhypopomus brevirostris (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rodrigues Paula Pinto , Machado Milla de Andrade , Pety Ananda Marques , Oliveira da Silva Willam , Pieczarka Julio Cesar , Nagamachi Cleusa Yoshiko
Published: June 2024

Brachyhypopomus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) is a monophyletic genus consisting of 28 formally described species. Karyotypic data are available for 12 species. The same karyotype is described for two species (B. brevirostris and B. hamiltoni), as well as different karyotypes for the same species from distinct locations (B. brevirostris). In this context, B. brevirostris may constitute a cryptic species complex. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the karyotype of B. brevirostris, from Santarém, Pará, and Tefé, Amazonas, using classical cytogenetics (conventional staining and C-banding) and molecular techniques (fluorescence in situ hybridization using 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, U2 snRNA, and telomeric probes). The results show that samples from both locations present 2n = 38, with all chromosomes being acrocentric (FC = 38a). In both populations, 18S rDNA sequences are present on only one pair of homologous chromosomes and telomeric sequences occur only at the ends of the chromosomes. In the Tefé sample, the 5S rDNA occurs in two pairs, and the U2 snRNA in three pairs. These results are the first descriptions of these sequences for B. brevirostris samples from the Tefé locality, as well as the first karyotypic description for the Santarém locality. Future cytotaxonomic studies of this genus can benefit from these results.
In Vivo Imaging of Rabbit Follicles through Combining Ultrasound Bio-Microscopy and Intravital Window
Authors: Yang Lihan , Yan Chang , Tao Siming , He Yifeilong , Zhao Jing , Wang Yanya , Wu Yingjie , Liu Ning , Qin Yinghe
Published: June 2024

Continuous ovarian imaging has been proven to be a method for monitoring the development of follicles in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combining ultrasound bio-microscopy (UBM) with an intravital window for follicle imaging in rabbits and to monitor the ovarian dynamic processes. New Zealand White female rabbits (n = 10) received ovarian translocation to a subcutaneous position. The ovarian tissue was sutured onto the abdominal muscles and covered with an intravital window for the continuous monitoring of the follicles using UBM. Results show that physiological changes (red blood cell and white blood cell counts, feed intake, and body weight change) in rabbits induced by surgery returned to normal physiological levels in one week. Furthermore, UBM could provide high-resolution imaging of follicles through the intravital window. Daily monitoring of ovarian dynamic processes for 6 days displayed variabilities in follicle counts and size. Collectively, these results provide a relatively new method to monitor ovarian dynamic processes and to understand the reproductive physiology of female rabbits.
Dimorphic Regulation of the MafB Gene by Sex Steroids in Hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus
Authors: Ramos Luis
Published: June 2024

MafB is a transcription factor that regulates macrophage differentiation. Macrophages are a traditional feature of the hamster Harderian gland (HG); however, studies pertaining to MafB expression in the HG are scant. Here, the full-length cDNA of the MafB gene in hamsters was cloned and sequenced. Molecular characterization revealed that MafB encodes a protein containing 323 amino acids with a DNA-binding domain, a transactivation domain, and a leucine zipper domain. qPCR assays indicated that MafB was expressed in different tissues of both sexes. The highest relative expression levels in endocrine tissues were identified in the pancreas. Gonadectomy in male hamsters was associated with significantly higher mRNA levels in the HG; replacement with dihydrotestosterone restored mRNA expression. The HG in male hamsters contained twofold more MafB mRNA than the HG of female hamsters. Adrenals revealed similar mRNA relative expression levels during the estrous cycle. The estrous phase was associated with higher mRNA levels in the ovary. A significantly up-regulated expression and sexual dimorphism of MafB was found in the pancreas. Therefore, MafB in the HG may play an active role in the macrophage differentiation required for phagocytosis activity and intraocular repair. Additionally, sex steroids appear to strongly influence the MafB expression in the HG and pancreas. These studies highlight the probable biological importance of MafB in immunological defense and pancreatic β cell regulation.
Myeloid Nrf2 Protects against Neonatal Oxidant-Stress-Induced Lung Inflammation and Alveolar Simplification in Mice
Authors: Tamatam Chandra , Venkareddy Lalith , Ankireddy Aparna , Machireddy Narsa , Reddy Sekhar
Published: June 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic condition affecting preterm infants, characterized by lung alveolar simplification/hypoalveolarization and vascular remodeling. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, or Nrf2) plays a critical role in the cytoprotective response to neonatal hyperoxia, and its global deficiency exacerbates hypoalveolarization in mice. The abnormal recruitment and activation of myeloid cells are associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. Therefore, we employed a genetic approach to investigate the role of myeloid Nrf2 in regulating hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization. Pups, both wild-type (Nrf2f/f) and those with a myeloid Nrf2 deletion (abbreviated as Nrf2∆/∆mye), were exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h at postnatal day 1 (Pnd1), and then sacrificed at either Pnd4 or Pnd18 following a two-week recovery period. We analyzed the hypoalveolarization, inflammation, and gene expression related to cytoprotective and inflammatory responses in the lungs of these pups. The hypoalveolarization induced by hyperoxia was significantly greater in Nrf2∆/∆mye pups compared to their Nrf2f/f counterparts (35.88% vs. 21.01%, respectively) and was accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory cells and IL-1β activation in the lungs. Antioxidant gene expression in response to neonatal hyperoxia was lower in Nrf2∆/∆mye pups compared to their Nrf2f/f counterparts. Furthermore, Nrf2-deficient macrophages exposed to hyperoxia exhibited markedly decreased cytoprotective gene expression and increased IL-1β levels compared to Nrf2-sufficient cells. Our findings demonstrate the crucial role of myeloid Nrf2 in mitigating hyperoxia-induced lung hypoalveolarization and inflammatory responses in neonatal mice.
A Distributed Real-Time Monitoring Scheme for Air Pressure Stream Data Based on Kafka
Authors: Zhou Zixiang , Zhou Lei , Chen Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

Strict air pressure control is paramount in industries such as petroleum, chemicals, transportation, and mining to ensure production safety and to improve operational efficiency. In these fields, accurate real-time air pressure monitoring is critical to optimize operations and ensure facility and personnel safety. Although current Internet of Things air pressure monitoring systems enable users to make decisions based on objective data, existing approaches are limited by long response times, low efficiency, and inadequate preprocessing. Additionally, the exponential increase in data volumes creates the risk of server downtime. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel real-time air pressure monitoring scheme that uses Arduino microcontrollers in conjunction with GPRS network communication. It also uses Apache Kafka to construct a multi-server cluster for high-performance message processing. Furthermore, data are backed up by configuring multiple replications, which safeguards against data loss during server failures. The scheme also includes an intuitive and user-friendly visualization interface for data analysis and subsequent decision making. The experimental results demonstrate that this approach offers high throughput and timely responsiveness, providing a more reliable option for real-time gathering, analysis, and storage of massive data.
KRT-FUAP: Key Regions Tuned via Flow Field for Facial Universal Adversarial Perturbation
Authors: Jin Xi , Liu Yong , Sun Guangling , Chen Yanli , Dong Zhicheng , Wu Hanzhou
Published: June 2024

It has been established that convolutional neural networks are susceptible to elaborate tiny universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs) in natural image classification tasks. However, UAP attacks against face recognition systems have not been fully explored. This paper proposes a spatial perturbation method that generates UAPs with local stealthiness by learning variable flow field to fine-tune facial key regions (KRT-FUAP). We ensure that the generated adversarial perturbations are positioned within reasonable regions of the face by designing a mask specifically tailored to facial key regions. In addition, we pay special attention to improving the effectiveness of the attack while maintaining the stealthiness of the perturbation and achieve the dual optimization of aggressiveness and stealthiness by accurately controlling the balance between adversarial loss and stealthiness loss. Experiments conducted on the frameworks of IResNet50 and MobileFaceNet demonstrate that our proposed method achieves an attack performance comparable to existing natural image universal attack methods, but with significantly improved stealthiness.
Effect of Laser Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Zircaloy-4 at High Temperature
Authors: Xie Shijing , Meng Ruizhi , Shi Tong , Yu Yihang , Liu Jianhang , Guo Yiwen , Qiu Jie , Liu Wenbo , Yun Di
Published: June 2024

A 700 V pulsed laser was used for the surface treatment of Zircaloy-4. Phases including the treatment layer, morphology and the distributions of alloying elements of the treatment layer were detected via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the laser surface treatment (LST) layer is also α-Zr phase layer, the morphology of the treatment layer was “cauliflower-like” and the Fe-Cr precipitates in the LST layer were dissolved. The corrosion tests of the LST and the no-laser surface treatment (NLST) specimens were conducted in steam at 1100 °C using TGA (NETZSCH STA 449 F). The results showed that LST can enhance the corrosion resistance of the Zircaloy-4 in high-temperature steam. More microcracks distributed in the oxide film formed on the NLST specimen than on the LST specimen. And the volume fraction of the tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase in the oxide film on the surface of the LST specimen was higher than that of NLST specimen. The main reason for this phenomena could be attributed to the dissolving Fe-Cr precipitates and higher solid solution of Fe and Cr in the laser treatment layer.
Comparison of the Chemical and Aroma Composition of Low-Alcohol Beers Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri and Different Mashing Profiles
Authors: Pater Aneta , Januszek Magdalena , Satora Paweł
Published: June 2024

Changing consumer preferences and increasing demands require adjustments in brewery operations and beer production methods. Recent trends indicate a marked decline in interest in high-alcohol beers and an increasing demand for low- and no-alcohol alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the volatile compound profiles produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri, a yeast strain specifically developed for non-alcoholic beer production, with a reference sample fermented with a standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05 strain. Two mashing profiles were compared (with and without saccharification pause). The wort obtained was fermented with and without hops. The chemical composition and aroma compounds of the resulting beers were analysed using different chromatographic techniques (HPLC, GC-FID, GC-MS and CG-O). The modification of the mashing profile helped to obtain wort with about 50% lower maltose content. A lower FAN (free amino nitrogen) content was also observed, but this did not affect the fermentation process. Beers fermented with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri strain had an average alcohol content of 0.5–0.8% v/v. This strain consumed about 25% of the available maltose. The resulting beers were dominated by fruity, floral and herbal aromas. In addition, beers fermented with a non-alcoholic beer strain scored highest in the sensory analysis.
Application of Geomorphic Signatures in Relative Tectonic Activity Assessment of a Red Sea Coastal Basin between Al Farrah and Heelan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bashir Bashar , Alsalman Abdullah
Published: June 2024

This work used an analysis of the geomorphic indices to effectively assess the relative tectonic activity of a Red Sea coastal region in Saudi Arabia between Al Farrah and Heelan. This approach is useful in examining topographical and geomorphological signatures in different landscapes. Through a detailed investigation of geomorphic indices, the study basin’s active and inactive characteristics may be observed and distinguished. The applied indices include a rock strength index, stream length gradient index, hypsometric integral index, drainage basin analysis index, mountain front sinuosity index, and valley floor width-to-valley floor height ratio index. The results obtained from this study are discussed and presented as a unique index of relative tectonic activity (Rta), which is divided into three different classes: low, moderate, and high tectonic activity. There have been few studies of active tectonics in the study basin along Saudi Arabia’s eastern Red Sea coast, making it an excellent choice to evaluate and simulate the relative activity based on large-scale basin analysis. The study basin exhibits variable classes of tectonic activity resulting from the Red Sea extension event. The idea that areas with anticipated relatively high rates of tectonic activity are coupled with indicators of Rta index values is examined in this study.
Modeling a Milling Dynamometer as a 3DOF Dynamic System by Stiffness Identification
Authors: Mupona Munyaradzi Innocent , Roşca Ioan Călin , Vlase Sorin
Published: June 2024

The experimental determination of cutting forces during milling is an important aspect followed in the manufacturing process and involves the use of specialized devices known as dynamometers. These can be made in the laboratory, depending on the type of measurements to be made, or they can be commercial, purchased from specialized companies. In this paper, such a dynamometer made by the authors in the laboratory is analyzed. For the elastic elements, octagonal rings are used. The main problem in the case of these dynamometers, namely the determination of the stiffness of the rings, is solved analytically, using the FEM for comparison, and then experimentally validated. The dynamic model, created based on the obtained values using d’Alembert’s principle, allows for simulating the behavior of this dynamometer in practical applications and determining the field in which it can be used. The frequencies and natural modes of vibration are determined, and the values obtained are compared with those obtained using ANSYS software 2021 R2.
Safety Impact Prediction of Redesigning National Roads Crossing Residential Areas: An Italian Case Study
Authors: Crispino Maurizio , Camozzi Kevin , Ketabdari Misagh , Antoniazzi Arianna , Toraldo Emanuele
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety effectiveness of an intervention on an existing road by using predictive methods. Predictive methods allow the benefit of the intervention to be quantified in terms of crash reduction. Currently, the most widely used model is reported in the Highway Safety Manual, developed in the US. The HSM model is adapted to the Italian context through a calibration procedure. The model is then applied to two future scenarios: in the absence and presence of intervention. The redesign intervention consists of rehabilitating some road sections and constructing five tunnel bypasses to avoid crossing residential areas. The comparison between the ‘with’ and ‘without’ scenario estimated an overall reduction in the number of accidents of around 45%. The variant scenario is based on reasonable assumptions that allowed the determination of the proportion of traffic that will be diverted to the variant. In addition, several alternative future scenarios are considered to assess a possible different trend in assumed traffic distribution. Moreover, a possible overall increase or reduction in total traffic affecting the road is taken into account. The results showed that the intervention provided significant benefits even with increased traffic, proving the resilience of the intervention.
Dual-Training-Based Semi-Supervised Learning with Few Labels
Authors: Wu Hao , Sun Jun , Chen Qidong
Published: June 2024

The continual expansion in the number of images poses a great challenge for the annotation of the data. Therefore, improving the model performance for image classification with limited labeled data has become an important problem to solve. To address the problem, we propose in this paper a simple and effective dual-training-based semi-supervised learning method for image classification. To enable the model to acquire more valuable information, we propose a dual training approach to enhance model training. Specifically, the model is trained with different augmented data at the same time with soft labels and hard labels, respectively. In addition, we propose a simple and effective weight generation method for generating the weight of samples during training to guide the model training. To further improve the model performance, we employ a projection layer at the end of the network to guide the self-learning of the model by minimizing the distance of features extracted from different layers. Finally, we evaluate the proposed approach on three benchmark image classification datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Occupant-Centric Digital Twin: A Case Study on Occupant Engagement in Thermal Comfort Decision-Making
Authors: Saadatifar Sanaz , Sawyer Azadeh Omidfar , Byrne Daragh
Published: June 2024

In open and shared workplaces, like co-working spaces or educational studios, thermal preferences vary widely among occupants. With the rise of flexible organizational workplace strategies, the challenge lies in balancing optimum, efficient temperature setpoints with maintaining occupants’ comfort. A potential solution involves a deeper understanding of variations in indoor climate and building occupants’ decision-making and preferences. This paper explores how an Occupant-Centric Digital Twin (OCDT) might address this by mapping indoor microclimates through a grid of IoT temperature sensors in real time. A large-screen display is utilized to present and visualize these data in an open workplace. The goal is to enhance awareness and provide agency for occupants to identify zones that align with their individual thermal preferences. A mixed-method occupant study (N = 27) was conducted to validate the approach. Exposure to the OCDT display resulted in higher thermal satisfaction among participants (p-value = 1.269 × 10−5, 0.05 significance level). The novelty of OCDT lies in extending the use of digital twin technology from facility managers to occupants, by granting them the agency to address comfort issues even in buildings where they lack direct control over the thermostat. This approach paves the way for a future where occupants in open workspaces can make informed decisions about where to work and how to achieve thermal comfort in those choices.
The Contribution of Internal and External Factors to Human Spatial Navigation
Authors: Piccardi Laura , Nori Raffaella , Cimadevilla Jose Manuel , Kozhevnikov María
Published: June 2024

Spatial navigation is a multifaceted cognitive function essential for planning and finding routes in one’s environment [...]
Pork Liver Decomposition Product May Improve Frontal Lobe Function in Humans—Open Trial
Authors: Suzuki Miiru , Sato Ikuya , Sato Masatsugu , Iwasaki Hideki , Saito Takahiro , Kimura Masahiko , Sako Kenichi , Maeda Tomoji , Haniu Hisao , Tsukahara Tamotsu , Matsuda Yoshikazu
Published: June 2024

Porcine Liver Decomposition Product (PLDP) was obtained by treating pig liver homogenate with protease and filling it into capsules. We have already confirmed from three clinical trials that PLDP enhances visual memory and delays memory recall, and we believe that its activity is due to various phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC). In this study, we clinically evaluated PLDP for depressive symptoms caused by a decline in cognitive function. This clinical trial was conducted using the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). The HDS-R (maximum score is 30 points) is a test similar to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is commonly used in Japan. Dementia is suspected if the score falls below 20 on the HDS-R. Additionally, in a previous clinical trial, there was no change in scores in the placebo group after three doses of the HDS-R. In order to clearly confirm the effectiveness of PLDP, this study was conducted under stricter conditions (HDS-R points of 15 to 23) than previous clinical trials (all participants had scores of 20 or higher). Therefore, from ethical considerations, a clinical trial was conducted using the scores before PLDP administration as a control. In this study, PLDP was administered orally at 4 capsules per day, and the HDS-R was confirmed 2 and 4 weeks after administration. A significant increase in HDS-R scores was observed at 2 and 4 weeks after PLDP administration. Additionally, regarding each item of the HDS-R, PLDP significantly increased 2 and 4 weeks after oral administration for the question items assessing delayed recall, and the question item assessing verbal fluency tasks was recognized. From the above results, we confirmed the reproducibility of the effect of PLDP in improving the delayed recall of verbal memories. Furthermore, increasing scores on verbal fluency tasks suggest that PLDP may enhance frontal lobe function and prevent or improve depressive symptoms. The effects observed in this study may differ from the mechanisms of action of existing antidepressants, and we believe that this may lead to the discovery of new antidepressants.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Chambliss Tormechi , Hsu Jung-Lung , Chen Mei-Lan
Published: June 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs when an individual experiences a traumatic event that exceeds the limits of psychological endurance. Many veterans experience PTSD. PTSD can negatively impact veterans’ quality of life, functioning, life satisfaction, and overall well-being. It is important to analyze the concept of PTSD in the veteran population. This concept analysis aimed to investigate the defining attributes, a model case, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents related to the concept of PTSD among veterans. Walker and Avant’s method was used to guide this concept analysis of PTSD. The results showed that three attributes were determined from the analysis: intrusive memories of traumatic events, feelings of isolation and estrangement, and negative cognitions. PTSD is conceptualized as a collection of symptoms that arise from highly traumatic experiences. The military environment predisposes veterans to traumatic events that should be identified or acknowledged. A better understanding of the concept of PTSD can facilitate the development of effective interventions for the veteran population and enhance their mental health.
Perceptual Evaluation of Street Quality in Underdeveloped Ethnic Areas: A Random Forest Method Combined with Human–Machine Confrontation Framework Provides Insights for Improved Urban Planning—A Case Study of Lhasa City
Authors: Liu Chong , Yu Yang , Yang Xian
Published: June 2024

The utilization of street view big data is increasingly being used to uncover visual characteristics and spatial perceptions of urban streets. However, there is a lack of studies that combine street view big data for perceptual evaluation in underdeveloped ethnic areas and better street quality. This study integrates deep learning methods to create a human–computer confrontational model for perception score, with a focus on the central city of Lhasa in Tibet. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on six dimensions of perception data (beautiful, wealthy, safe, lively, boring and depressing) and visual elements. The streets in the top 20% for both visual elements and perceptual scores were identified to reveal areas with high visual element proportions and high perceptual scores. The spatial distribution characteristics and correlation between visual elements and street perceptions were thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this study reveal that the central city of Lhasa exhibited high percentages of visual elements in buildings (88.23%), vegetation (89.52%), and poles (3.14%). Out of the six perceptions examined, the highest scores were for boring (69.70) and depressing (67.76) perceptions, followed by beautiful (60.66) and wealthy (59.91) perceptions, with lively (56.68) and safe (50.64) perceptions receiving the lowest scores. Visual components like roads (−0.094), sidewalks (−0.031), fences (−0.036), terrain (−0.020), sky (−0.098), cars (−0.016), and poles (−0.075) were observed to have a significant deterring effect on the boring perception, while other visual elements showed a positive influence. This investigation seeks to provide valuable insights for the design and advancement of urban streets in marginalized ethnic localities, addressing a void in perception research of urban streets in such areas.
Shear Performance and Damage Characterization of Prefabricated Basalt Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete Capping Beam Formwork Structure
Authors: Gong Yafeng , Wu Shuzheng , Ning Changyuan , Hu Xinpeng , Yi Zhongqiang , Du Hongchi
Published: June 2024

Basalt Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete (BFRPC) semi-prefabricated composite capping beam structures can effectively improve the shortcomings of ordinary concrete capping beams' construction difficulties and insufficient bearing capacity. In this study, with the objective of analyzing the shear damage and damage characteristics of a prefabricated BFRPC capping beam formwork, structural damage tests under different levels of loading were carried out to obtain the mechanical parameters of key nodes. Acoustic emission (AE) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were used to acoustically and visually characterize the formwork damage. The research results showed that the damage stage of the capping beam formwork was divided, and an early damage warning method was proposed based on the acoustic parameters. Using the DIC technique to identify the crack width evolution pattern during the shear process, it was found that the cracks expanded steadily as the load increased. Combining the experimental and simulation results as well as the Subdivision Superposition Theory, a half-open stirrup strength discount factor β was introduced and suggested to take a value of 0.79. The formula for calculating the shear capacity of BFRPC capping beam formwork is proposed to provide a theoretical basis for its application in prefabricated assembled structures.
Analysis of Train-Induced Vibration Transmission and Distribution Characteristics in Double-Layer Metro Depot
Authors: Luo Xinwei , Jiang Xuan , Feng Qingsong , Hu Wenlin , Tu Qinming , Chen Yanming
Published: June 2024

When urban subway trains run in the depot, they can cause vibration and noise, which affects the safety and reliability of the structure under the track, and these transmits to the over-track buildings and often trouble passengers and staff. This paper established a coupling model of a track–metro depot–over-track building based on the structural finite element method and analyzed vibration response and then summarized the vibration transmission and distribution characteristics as the speed changes. The results show that, at train speeds of 20 km/h and 5 km/h, the Z-vibration level difference between the two at the rail is nearly 20 dB, and the vibration can be reduced by 17.9% at most. The difference between the two on the 9 m platform is 6–8 dB and 5–14 dB on the 16 m platform, and the vibration can be reduced by 17.7% at most. The difference between the two in the over-track building is 3–11 dB, and the vibration can be reduced by 13.0% at most. The vibration has the highest energy within a range of 2 m radiating from the center of the line, reaching a maximum of 118.5 dB. The vibration shows a ring-shaped distribution, and the ring-shaped distribution is more pronounced as the train speed increases. In the horizontal direction of the track line, the vibration energy distribution is within a range of −4 m to 11.5 m from the track line. In the longitudinal direction of the track line, the ring-shaped distribution of vibration energy exhibits a periodic pattern. The results provide a reference for the vibration control of the over-track buildings.
Sustainable Construction with Cattail Fibers in Imbabura, Ecuador: Physical and Mechanical Properties, Research, and Applications
Authors: Jara-Vinueza Oscar , Pavon Wilson , Remache Abel
Published: June 2024

This study is dedicated to advancing practical and experimental knowledge within sustainable construction and enhancing community productivity, focusing on cattail schoenoplectus californicus, Cyperaceae fibers in Imbabura, Ecuador. The research aims to meticulously analyze and understand cattail fibers’ physical and mechanical properties, characteristics, and potential applications through extensive laboratory testing. The study strives to contribute significantly to the ongoing discussions surrounding sustainable building materials by offering a rich repository of scientific data and insights from our in-depth investigations. Furthermore, we delve into biotechnology and biomimicry, seeking inspiration from the natural world to innovate our construction methodologies. Our exploration also encompasses the technical dimensions of a building, artisanal craftsmanship, eco-conscious design principles, and the evaluation of seismic strength within architectural, structural, and acoustical design frameworks. Through this comprehensive approach, we aspire to illuminate new pathways for employing cattail in sustainable construction practices.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Partitions in Residential Buildings
Authors: Pushkar Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of service conditions on lightweight partitions in residential buildingsusing life-cycle assessments (LCAs). Three alternative service conditions were included as follows: light/moderate, standard, and intensive. LCAs were conducted for pairwise comparisons among three types of lightweight partitions: gypsum board, autoclaved aerated blocks, and hollow concrete blocks. The functional unit considered was 1 m2 of a partition, and the building’s lifespan was 50 years. In light/moderate conditions, the replacement rate for all three partitions was zero times during the building’s lifespan. In standard conditions, the replacement rate for gypsum board and autoclaved aerated blocks was one time during the building’s lifespan, and for hollow concrete blocks, it was zero times. In intensive conditions, the replacement rate for gypsum board was four times during the building’s lifespan, that for autoclaved aerated blocks was two times, and that for hollow concrete blocks was zero times. The six ReCiPe2016 methodological options were used to estimate environmental damage using a two-stage nested analysis of variance. The results showed that, in light/moderate and standard conditions, gypsum board was the best alternative, while in intensive conditions, hollow concrete blocks were the best alternative. In conclusion, the choice of lightweight partitions should be made while taking the service conditions in residential buildings into account.
Application and Research of BIM Technology in the Construction of Ningbo International Conference Center
Authors: Yu Shaole , Zhang Yujian , Zhang Wenying , Qi Ligang , Yuan Jianxun , Yang Lianping , Cao Hao , Li Yanpei , Chen Hua , Wu Nianduo , Hong Enqin , Yu Xin , Pan Junjun , Zou Kun
Published: June 2024

The Ningbo International Conference Center Project incorporates elements of Chinese traditional culture into its architectural style, resulting in the world’s first cantilever bridge international conference center. During the construction process, it faced challenges such as complex engineering geological environments and diverse architectural styles. By harnessing building information modeling (BIM) technology, many challenges encompassing intricate environmental conditions, architectural structures, and construction complexities are effectively visualized in three dimensions, thereby offering viable solutions for engineering implementation. In the scheme design stage, BIM technology plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between design and construction, optimizing engineering pile and wall material designs. During the deepening design stage, BIM aids in refining designs through intricate node optimization for the ultralong comb type inclined water panel curtain wall and glued wood column decoration, thereby enhancing construction efficiency. Additionally, BIM technology has also played an important role in the simulation and scheme analysis of the entire construction process of complex steel structures. Through the implementation of BIM technology, numerous challenges encountered during the construction phase of the Ningbo International Conference Center project have been effectively resolved, which serves as a valuable reference for employing BIM technology in large-scale international conference center projects.
Epigenetic Therapies in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Concepts, Visions, and Challenges
Authors: Lehmann Ulrich
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer, the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide, is a molecularly and clinically very heterogeneous disease. Triple-negative breast cancer is defined by the absence of hormone receptor and growth factor receptor ERBB2/HER2 expression. It is characterized by a more aggressive course of disease and a shortage of effective therapeutic approaches. Hallmarks of cancer cells are not only genetic alterations, but also epigenetic aberrations. The most studied and best understood alterations are methylation of the DNA base cytosine and the covalent modification of histone proteins. The reversibility of these covalent modifications make them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention, as documented in numerous ongoing clinical trials. Epidrugs, targeting DNA methylation and histone modifications, might offer attractive new options in treating triple-negative breast cancer. Currently, the most promising options are combination therapies in which the epidrug increases the efficiency of immuncheckpoint inhibitors. This review focusses exclusively on DNA methylation and histone modifications. In reviewing the knowledge about epigenetic therapies in breast cancer, and especially triple-negative breast cancer, the focus is on explaining concepts and raising awareness of what is not yet known and what has to be clarified in the future.
Gorlin Syndrome-Associated Basal Cell Carcinomas Treated with Vismodegib or Sonidegib: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Murgia Giulia , Valtellini Luca , Denaro Nerina , Nazzaro Gianluca , Bortoluzzi Paolo , Benzecry Valentina , Passoni Emanuela , Marzano Angelo Valerio
Published: June 2024

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome (GS), is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple cutaneous BCCs due to mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway. The use of hedgehog pathway inhibitors—vismodegib and sonidegib—has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing BCCs in individuals with GS. In a retrospective study conducted between March 2012 and January 2024, a cohort of 16 Gorlin syndrome patients who received treatment with either sonidegib or vismodegib were analyzed. The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy, safety profile, and duration of response to oral hedgehog inhibitors in this patient population. The study assessed various parameters, including the number of new BCCs that developed before and after treatment initiation, the duration and sustainability of treatment responses, as well as the incidence of adverse effects associated with hedgehog inhibitor therapy. The findings of the study revealed that sustained treatment with hedgehog inhibitors could effectively suppress the progression of both new and existing BCCs. Furthermore, the results indicated that sonidegib exhibited superior efficacy and safety compared to vismodegib in the treatment of BCCs in individuals with GS. Notably, adjustments to the administration schedule of sonidegib were found to improve tolerability without compromising therapeutic efficacy, potentially leading to prolonged durations of treatment response and disease control.
Intralesional Vessel Diameter Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Could Improve the Differential Diagnosis of Small Melanocytic Choroidal Lesions
Authors: Vigués-Jorba Laura , Lorenzo Daniel , Pujadas Cristina , Morwani Rahul , Yamamoto-Rodriguez Liria , Baradad-Jurjo Maria , Arias Lluis , Cobos Estefania , Garcia-Bru Pere , Santamaria Juan-Francisco , Garcia Garcia Olga , Caminal Josep-Maria
Published: June 2024

In this study, we aimed to identify the features of indeterminate choroidal melanocytic lesions visualized on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to identify the predictors of growth. We retrospectively evaluated 86 patients with indeterminate lesions treated at our centre from 2016 to 2021. Clinical management involved active surveillance followed by brachytherapy if growth was detected. The lesions were classified into two groups according to whether they grew (small melanomas) or remained stable (choroidal nevi). Growth was detected in 19 (22.1%) lesions. All patients underwent OCTA at baseline. These images were compared to identify the possible predictors of growth. Significant between-group differences were observed in thickness (p = 0.00), greatest basal diameter (p = 0.00), number of risk factors (p = 0.00), symptoms (p = 0.001; relative risk [RR]: 4.3), orange pigment (p = 0.00; RR: 6.02), and ultrasonographic hollowness (Kappa sign); p = 0.000; RR: 5.3). The melanomas had significantly more vessels with a diameter ≥ 76.3 µm (p = 0.02; RR: 2.46). The time to growth in these lesions was significantly shorter (p = 0.05) than in lesions with smaller vessels. These findings show that vessel diameter quantified by OCTA can help differentiate between choroidal nevi and small melanomas, when considered together with clinical risk factors.
Social Determinants of Health and Other Predictors in Initiation of Treatment with CDK4/6 Inhibitors for HR+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Goyal Ravi K. , Candrilli Sean D. , Abughosh Susan , Chen Hua , Holmes Holly M. , Johnson Michael L.
Published: June 2024

In hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC), cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is) have replaced endocrine therapy alone as the standard of care; however, several barriers to treatment initiation still exist. We assessed social determinants of health (SDOH) and other factors associated with the initiation of CDK4/6i for HR+/HER2− MBC in the Medicare population. Using a retrospective cohort design, patients aged ≥65 years and diagnosed during 2015–2017 were selected from the SEER-Medicare database. Time from MBC diagnosis to first CDK4/6i initiation was the study outcome. The effect of SDOH measures and other predictors on the outcome was assessed using the multivariable Fine and Gray hazard modeling. Of 752 eligible women, 352 (46.8%) initiated CDK4/6i after MBC diagnosis (median time to initiation: 27.9 months). In adjusted analysis, SDOH factors significantly associated with CDK4/6i initiation included high versus low median household income (HHI) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.03–2.81) and the percentage of population with high versus low Medicare-only coverage (HR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.04–2.27). In summary, older Medicare patients with HR+/HER2− MBC residing in areas with high median HHI and a high proportion of Medicare-only coverage had higher rates of initiating CDK4/6i, suggesting inequitable access to these novel, effective treatments and a need for policy intervention.
Lazertinib versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Failing EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: A Real-World External Comparator Study
Authors: Lee Junho , Lee Hyesung , Yoon Dongwon , Choi Eun-Young , Woo Jieun , Jo Bobae , Kim Sohee , Shin Ju-Young , Jung Hyun Ae
Published: June 2024

Background: Lazertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKI) that selectively inhibit common EGFR mutation and T790M mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. No previous studies have compared lazertinib to platinum-based chemotherapy. We have compared lazertinib with platinum-based chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients after previous EGFR-TKI therapy. Methods: We retrospectively compared 200 patients from LASER201, LASER301, and LASER-PMS studies to 334 patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy after previous EGFR-TKI from the Samsung Medical Center. After propensity score matching (PSM), we selected 156 patients from each group. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), with overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) as secondary outcomes. Results: The median follow-up of PFS was 15.61 months in the lazertinib group and 21.67 months in the external control group. The PFS was significantly longer in patients who were treated with lazertinib than those treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (10.97 months vs. 5.10 months; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29–0.55; p < 0.01) after PSM. Lazertinib showed superior OS (32.23 months vs. 18.73 months; adjusted HR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29–0.69; p < 0.001), ORR (64.1% vs. 47.4%), and TTD (11.66 months vs. 6.73 months; adjusted HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39–0.75; p < 0.001) compared to platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: Based on this retrospective, external control study, lazertinib has demonstrated significantly better efficacy compared with platinum-based chemotherapy. The external controls provide important context to evaluate efficacy in single-arm studies.
Melanoma in Pregnancy—Diagnosis, Treatment, and Consequences for Fetal Development and the Maintenance of Pregnancy
Authors: Pelczar Patrycja , Kosteczko Pola , Wieczorek Ewelina , Kwieciński Maciej , Kozłowska Aleksandra , Gil-Kulik Paulina
Published: June 2024

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most common neoplasms among pregnancy-associated cancers (PACs). Risk factors include excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the presence of benign and dysplastic nevi, and a patient or family history of melanoma. Self-examination and careful inspection of nevi are crucial, especially in the context of their progression over time. Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the darkening and enlargement of the nevi, delay the diagnosis of CMM. In the fetus, metastases are very rare, and if they do occur, they concern the placenta or fetal tissues. The choice of treatment is influenced by the cancer stage, symptoms, the time of termination of pregnancy, and the patient’s decision. Essential procedures which are safe for the fetus are diagnostic biopsy, ultrasound, and the therapeutic excision of the lesion and the affected lymph nodes. Other imaging methods can be used with a safe radiation dose limit of 100 mGy. Immunotherapy and targeted treatments must be carefully considered, because of their possible adverse effects on the fetus. An interdisciplinary approach to the problem of melanoma during pregnancy is necessary, involving doctors of various specialties.
Study of the Performance of Laser Melting Wear-Resistant Coatings on TC4 Titanium Alloy Surfaces
Authors: Wang Gaosheng , Liu Jingang , Yang Jianhua , Liu Sisi , Bu Lei , Chen Jianwen
Published: June 2024

To improve the wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy, two types of wear-resistant coatings were applied to the surface using laser melting: Ni60 + 50% WC and d22 powder priming. The phase composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties of the coating were tested using an HV-1000 micro-Vickers hardness tester, an HRS-2M high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester, and a WDW-100D electronic universal testing machine. The results show that Ni60 + 50% WC composite coating and d22 priming + (Ni60 + 50% WC) composite coating mainly consist of W2C, TiC, Ni17W3, Ni3Ti, and TixW1−x phases. Compared to the TC4 substrate, the microhardness of both coatings is significantly higher, approximately 2.8 times the microhardness of the substrate. In frictional wear experiments, the average friction factors of the two coatings and the TC4 substrate are 0.476, 0.55, and 0.865, respectively, and the wear of the two coatings is only 0.0559–0.0769 that of the TC4 substrate, with a significant increase in wear resistance, nearly 17 times higher than that of the substrate. The coating shows flaking, shallow abrasion marks, and granular debris, dominated by adhesive wear and fatigue wear, while the TC4 substrate shows more furrows on the surface, dominated by abrasive wear. The shear bond strengths of the Ni60 + 50% WC composite coating and the d22 powder primed + (Ni60 + 50% WC) composite coating were 188.19 MPa and 49.11 MPa, respectively. Conclusion: both coatings significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy substrate surface, with the Ni60 + 50% WC composite coating performing better in hardness, wear resistance, and bond strength.
Properties of Z1 and Z2 Deep-Level Defects in n-Type Epitaxial and High-Purity Semi-Insulating 4H-SiC
Authors: Kamiński Paweł , Kozłowski Roman , Żelazko Jarosław , Kościewicz Kinga , Ciuk Tymoteusz
Published: June 2024

For the first time, the Z1 and Z2 defects with closely spaced energy levels having negative-U properties are revealed in high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC using Laplace-transform photoinduced transient spectroscopy (LPITS). In this material, after switching off the optical trap-filling pulse, either the one-electron or the two-electron thermally stimulated emission from these defects is observed at temperatures 300–400 K. It is found that the former corresponds to the Z10/+ and Z20/+ transitions with the activation energies of 514 and 432 meV, respectively, and the latter is associated with the Z1−/+ and Z2−/+ transitions with the activation energies of 592 meV and 650 meV, respectively. The Z1 and Z2 defect concentrations are found to increase from 2.1 × 1013 to 2.2 × 1014 cm−3 and from 1.2 × 1013 to 2.7 × 1014 cm−3, respectively, after the heat treatment of HPSI 4H-SiC samples at 1400 °C for 3 h in Ar ambience. Using the electrical trap-filling pulse, only the thermal two-electron emission from each defect was observed in the epitaxial 4H-SiC through Laplace-transform deep level transient spectroscopy (LDLTS). The activation energies for this process from the Z1 and Z2 defects are 587 and 645 meV, respectively, and the defect concentrations are found to be 6.03 × 1011 and 2.64 × 1012 cm−3, respectively. It is postulated that the Z1 and Z2 defects are the nearest-neighbor divacancies involving the carbon and silicon vacancies located at mixed, hexagonal (h), and quasi-cubic (k) lattice sites.